bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Culture Conditions Modulate the Immunological Properties of Adipose Stem Cells
Authors: Patrikoski Mimmi , Sivula Jyrki , Huhtala Heini , Helminen Mika , Salo Fanny , Mannerström Bettina , Miettinen Susanna
Published: August 2014

The potential of human adipose stem cells (ASCs) for regenerative medicine has received recognition owing to their ease of isolation and their multilineage differentiation capacity. Additionally, low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive properties make them a relevant cell source when considering immunomodulation therapies and allogeneic stem cell treatments. In the current study, immunogenicity and immunosuppression of ASCs were determined through mixed lymphocyte reactions. The immunogenic response was analyzed after cell isolation and expansion in fetal bovine serum (FBS), human serum (HS)-supplemented medium, and xeno-free and serum-free (XF/SF) conditions. Additionally, the immunophenotype and the secretion of CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, CXCL10, C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1, indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase, Galectin-1, and Galectin-3 were analyzed. The results showed that ASCs were weakly immunogenic when expanded in any of the three conditions. The significantly strongest suppression was observed with cells expanded in FBS conditions, whereas higher ASC numbers were required to display suppression in HS or XF/SF conditions. In addition, statistically significant differences in protein secretion were observed between direct versus indirect cocultures and between different culture conditions. The characteristic immunophenotype of ASCs was maintained in all conditions. However, in XF/SF conditions, a significantly lower expression of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and a higher expression of CD45 (lymphocyte common antigen) was observed at a low passage number. Although culture conditions have an effect on the immunogenicity, immunosuppression, and protein secretion profile of ASCs, our findings demonstrated that ASCs have low immunogenicity and promising immunosuppressive potential whether cultured in FBS, HS, or XF/SF conditions.
Concise Review: Dedifferentiation Meets Cancer Development: Proof of Concept for Epigenetic Cancer
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Haga Hironori , Yamada Yasuhiro
Published: August 2014

The technology for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has made significant contributions to various scientific fields, and the field of cancer biology is no exception. Although cancer is generally believed to develop through accumulation of multiple genetic mutations, there is increasing evidence that cancer cells also acquire epigenetic abnormalities during development, maintenance, and progression. Because the epigenetic status of somatic cells changes dynamically through reprogramming, iPSC technology can be utilized to actively and globally alter the epigenetic status of differentiated cells. Using this technology, a recent study has revealed that some types of cancer can develop mainly through disruption of the epigenetic status triggered by dedifferentiation. In this paper, we outline the reprograming process and the epigenetic mechanism associated with the maintenance or conversion of cell identity. We then describe several observations suggesting that dedifferentiation can play an important role in cancer development. Finally, we introduce the system responsible for in vivo reprogramming to demonstrate the involvement of dedifferentiation-driven epigenetic disruption in cancer development, and propose that particular types of cancer can develop predominantly through epigenetic alterations.
Rêves de nains. Le corps, le care et les cadres de l’expérience cinématographique
Authors: Leveratto Jean-Marc
Published: August 2014

En s’appuyant sur les notions d’engagement et de cadres de l’expérience théorisées par Erving Goffman, l’article observe la manière dont certains films de fictions mobilisent notre sensibilité à la souffrance d’autrui et nous offrent l’occasion, par le biais du comique de situation, de nous solidariser avec des individus stigmatisés. Á travers la présence directe (l’acteur nain de Living in Oblivion, 1995) ou indirecte (le comédien professionnel incarnant le héros paraplégique de Nationale 7 [2000]) du corps stigmatisé, ils nous mettent en situation de sympathiser, par l’intermédiaire de la personne de l’acteur, avec les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes handicapées ou minorées. Á l’opposé d’une vision courante de l’expérience cinématographique, l’engagement corporel du spectateur confère ainsi à la situation de visionnement une efficacité émotionnelle et une valeur éthique équivalentes à celles d’une interaction de face-à-face.
Choisir sa vie. L’usage cognitif de Some Came Running, film et roman
Authors: Jullier Laurent
Published: August 2014

Some Came Running, réalisé par Vincente Minnelli pour la MGM en 1958, met en scène les hésitations d’un quadragénaire entre la vie esthétique et la vie éthique au sens de Kierkegaard, la deuxième étant liée à la prise en compte de l’importance ducare. Le film donne à réfléchir sans imposer de solution idéale – ses auteurs s’y contentent de montrer l’exemple, en s’attachant à leurs personnages et en leur donnant leur chance. En revanche, l’auteur du roman original n’a pas du tout cette attitude à leur égard. Seul le film pourrait faire jeu égal avec les romans d’incitation au care comme voie en direction de la vie bonne qu’analyse Martha Nussbaum dansLa connaissance de l’amour.
Art, Money, and the Gift: J.S.G. Boggs’ (Im)possible Currency
Authors: Hoeller Hildegard
Published: August 2014

This essay examines money artist J.S.G.Boggs’ work in light of gift theories by Lewis Hyde and Jacques Derrida. Reconnecting the spheres of the gift and the market, Boggs’ art explodes Hyde’s binaries and creates a solution for the dilemma of the artist in a market-driven society. Boggs’ “money” transactions also show that his money art can make possible the (im)possible gift, in Derrida’s terms, through the trappings of market-exchange. Finally, Boggs’ art, through imitation and difference, exposes the absurdities of money exchange.
D’une étonnante dextérité dans l’art de l’enquête
Authors: Gervais Bertrand
Published: August 2014

Quelle est la particularité de ces enquêteurs qui envahissent l’écran de télévision aux heures de grande écoute? Ils multiplient les raisonnements à l’emporte-pièce, armés de dispositifs techniques ultrasophistiqués qui leur servent d’arguments d’autorité. Je me propose dans ce bref article d’examiner les fondements sémiotiques des raisonnements de ces enquêteurs. En me servant d’un cas d’espèce, en l’occurrence le travail de Dexter Morgan, dans la série américaine Dexter, j’examinerai les stratégies mises de l’avant dans ces enquêtes policières à caractère scientifique. Elles sont fondées sur ce que C. S. Peirce a nommé l’abduction. Comme l’avaient bien compris Edgar Allan Poe et Conan Doyle, en créant Auguste Dupin et Sherlock Holmes, l’abduction en acte permet le spectacle d’un esprit qui, lorsqu’en pleine possession de ses moyens, est capable d’inférer rapidement et efficacement les bonnes hypothèses, celles permettant d’attraper le coupable. Ces raisonnements sont évidemment truqués; mais, comme pour tout tour de magie, l’art de feindre a non seulement ses vertus esthétiques, mais surtout ses propres leçons à donner sur les modalités de perception et d’interprétation du monde.
Architecture et continuité : Loos, Wittgenstein, Peirce
Authors: Poisson Céline
Published: August 2014

En me référant aux philosophes Charles S. Peirce et Ludwig Wittgenstein et à l’architecte Adolf Loos, je me propose de questionner le processus de création en architecture et en design dans l’esprit d’un souci de conservation et de continuité entre conception, fabrication et usage. La vue d’ensemble nécessaire à l’architecte, au designer ou à l’artisan d’expérience n’est nullement une pure construction de l’esprit. Il s’agit bien plutôt d’une pure présence de l’esprit à la réalité. Trouver la juste proposition architecturale pourrait, à bien des égards, ressembler à trouver le mot juste : une série d’essais, d’erreurs, d’idées et de propositions comparées entre elles. Un travail de la pensée qui rappelle le travail de l’artisan.
Cartographie des échanges
Authors: Steiner Philippe
Published: August 2014

Ce texte examine d’abord les principales tentatives faites, d’Auguste Comte à Karl Polanyi, en passant par Marcel Mauss et Philippe Descola, de cartographier les divers modes d’échanges dans les sociétés. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article propose d’amender la cartographie proposée par Polanyi, sans doute la plus utilisée de nos jours, en réduisant l’ampleur – des sociétés archaïques, aux sociétés modernes – que ce dernier lui avait donnée de façon à approfondir sa pertinence pour les transactions qui ont cours dans les sociétés contemporaines. La dernière partie présente quelques réflexions sur l’intérêt politique d’une telle cartographie des échanges dans le contexte néo-libéral qui est le nôtre.
Validation d’un schème national sur le développement des services de santé pour les communautés francophones et acadiennes en situation minoritaire au Canada : arrimage à des assises théoriques et modélisation
Authors: Giguère Louis
Published: August 2014

Nous avons présenté (Giguère, 2013), pour les communautés francophones hors Québec (CFASM), un schème juridictionnel national qui illustre l’offre et la demande de services de santé en français en fonction d’une masse critique de francophones qui reflète la vitalité linguistique de ces communautés. Nous corroborons ce schème à l’aide de procédures statistiques dont l’une identifie une forte association entre le rapport offre/demande (un ratio) et des facteurs qui reflètent la cohérence linguistique et culturelle des deux communautés de langue officielle. Ce résultat est cohérent avec le cadre de vitalité linguistique déjà proposé (Giguère, 2013), et il fait écho au travail de terrain de Forgues, Bahi et Michaud (2011) et aux modèles psycho-langagiers et d’autonomie culturelle de Deveau, Landry et Allard (2009), de Landry, Allard et Deveau (2007, 2008) et de Landry (2012). Nous modélisons le développement des services de santé en français pour les CFASM dans un cadre national structurant qui est cohérent avec ces assises empiriques et théoriques. Cette modélisation suggère deux approches stratégiques distinctes mais complémentaires pour favoriser le développement des services de santé en français.
Limitations of the α-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay in Clinical Practice
Authors: Morris Huw R. , Lees Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint cautions against premature adoption of the α-synuclein seed amplification assay as a biomarker test for Parkinson disease in general neurology practice.
Screens and Sleep Health—It’s Almost Bedtime, Time to Put Your Phone Away
Authors: Hale Lauren , Dzierzewski Joseph M.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the National Sleep Foundation consensus panel’s recommendations for screen-based media use and sleep health among children and teenagers.
Dual‐Crosslinked Bioactive Hydrogel Scaffold for Accelerated Repair of Genital Tract Defect
Authors: Wang Liyang , Cheng Leong Chi , Chen Yu , Zhai Huajuan , Chen Zhiyong , Ren Tingting , Xu Leimei , Ding Jiandong , Qiu Junjun , Hua Keqin , Yu Lin
Published: August 2024

Reproductive health concerns like Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser (MRKH) syndrome are prevalent in today's society. MRKH syndrome is a condition that severely affects women's sexual life, fertility, and mental health and has a high prevalence of one out of 5000 female births. Vaginoplasty is the primary method to regain patients’ reproductive health. However, conventional vaginoplasty faces various challenges, including complex and non‐customized treatment procedures causing intense pains and complications. To bring new advances to vaginoplasty, a 3D‐printed hydrogel scaffold is developed to provide satisfactory mechanical support and bioactivity for accelerating defect repair after surgery. The hydrogel scaffold consisting of gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) and carrageenan (Car) is custom 3D‐printed using an ambient temperature printing system. Furthermore, the scaffold undergoes dual‐crosslinking through chemical crosslinking of gelMA and ionic crosslinking of Car with magnesium ions (Mg2+). This dual‐crosslinking strategy substantially improves the overall mechanical properties of the scaffold and introduces bioactive Mg2+. The sustained release of Mg2+ plus the extracts from the dual‐crosslinked scaffold significantly promotes cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. In a preclinical rat model with penetrating genital tract defects mimicking vaginoplasty, the implantation of dual‐crosslinked scaffold repairs the penetrating wounds to near‐normal levels within one week, showing potential as an alternative for better regaining reproductive health.
Supramolecular Cucurbit[5]uril Modulates the Buried SnO2/Perovskite Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Long Zhihao , Peng Cheng , Dong Kaiwen , Jiang Haokun , Zhu Mingzhe , Yan Wenjian , Dong Yufei , Jiang Wenjuan , Wen Lirong , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhou Zhongmin
Published: August 2024

Reducing non‐radiative recombination caused by defects at buried interfaces is crucial to the development of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, supramolecular cucurbit[5]uril (CB[5]) is introduced into the SnO2 layer, where it engages in host–guest interactions to suppress oxygen vacancies in SnO2, prevent particle aggregation, and enhance the electron mobility of SnO2. By serving as a bridging agent at the buried interface between SnO2 and the perovskite layer, CB[5] reduces the defect density and improves the carrier extraction efficiency. It also enhanced the surface energy of the SnO2 substrate, facilitates the formation of large grains in the perovskite film, alleviates residual lattice stresses, and enhances the film quality. Consequently, the PSC with CB[5] shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.83%. Moreover, an unencapsulated device incorporating CB[5] retains more than 87% of its initial PCE under continuous illumination at the maximum power point tracking for 1000 h. This study pioneers the utilization of cucurbiturils in PSCs and provides insights into how supramolecular compounds can regulate buried interfaces.
Strong Electrostatic Control of Excitonic Features in MoS2 by a Free‐Standing Ultrahigh‐κ Ferroelectric Perovskite
Authors: Pucher Thomas , Puebla Sergio , Zamora Victor , Sánchez Viso Estrella , Rouco Victor , Leon Carlos , Garcia‐Hernandez Mar , Santamaria Jacobo , Munuera Carmen , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres
Published: August 2024

Integrating free‐standing complex oxides with two‐dimensional (2D) materials has recently attracted great interest, due to the rich physics evolving from such structures. Enhancing and tuning the opto–electronic properties of these systems is of high importance for a multitude of applications, such as sensors, memory devices or optical communications. The electrostatic control of photoluminescence of monolayer MoS2 at room temperature via integration of free‐standing BaTiO3 (BTO), a ferroelectric perovskite oxide is presented. It is shown that the use of BTO leads to highly tunable exciton emission of MoS2 in a minimal range of gate voltages. Due to BTO's ferroelectric polarization‐induced doping, large peak emission shifts as well as a large and tunable A trion binding energy in the range of 40–100 meV are observed. These measurements are compared with those carried out when the BTO is replaced by a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) dielectric layer, confirming BTO's superior gating properties and thus lower power consumption. Additionally, advantage of the ferroelectric switching of BTO is taken by fabricating devices where the BTO layer is decoupled from the gate electrode with a SiO2 layer. Choosing to isolate the BTO allows to induce large remanent behavior of MoS2’s excitonic features.
Anchoring Ultralow Platinum by Harnessing Atomic Defects Derived from Self‐reconstruction for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Hancheng , Peng Wei , Wong Hoilun , Guo Xuyun , Xu Lin , Tamtaji Mohsen , Ding Yao
Published: August 2024

The sluggish kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) hinders practical exploitation of water splitting. Catalysts, known as platinum single atoms (Pt‐SAs) anchored in Ni4Mo/Ni alloys on nickel foam (Pt SAs‐Ni4Mo/Ni@NF) with ultralow Pt mass loading (mPt = 0.3 wt.%) derived from self‐reconstruction, with boosted atomic utilization in alkaline HER are demonstrated. In situ characterizations confirm the leaching of Mo species during the self‐reconstruction of NiMoO4, which facilitates the anchoring of Pt‐SAs through the generation of atomic defects. Further, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the atomic defects can effectively capture Pt2+ in salt solution, aiding in the distribution of Pt‐SAs. Besides, theoretical results emphasize that Pt SAs‐Ni4Mo/Ni with unique Pt‐Ni interaction can accelerate the desorption of hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes during HER, as well as lower energy barriers for reaction steps. Pt SAs‐Ni4Mo/Ni@NF shows remarkable catalytic activity toward alkaline HER with a low overpotential of 17 mV (j = 10 mA cm−2), together with high atomic utilization of Pt (8.92 A mgPt−1 at 30 mV) and excellent durability. This work not only provides a scalable preparation for efficient and robust low‐Pt catalysts but also establishes in‐depth understanding of the synergistic interaction between Pt SAs and Ni‐Mo alloys in alkaline HER, which is likely to accelerate the development of water‐splitting technique.
Chemically Tailored Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Capture of Short‐ and Long‐Chain Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Water
Authors: Loukopoulos Edward , Marugán‐Benito Sergio , Raptis Dionysios , Tylianakis Emmanuel , Froudakis George E. , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Platero‐Prats Ana E.
Published: August 2024

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging as bioaccumulative and toxic water pollutants, posing a large threat to human and aquatic organisms. This threat is aggravated by their extreme persistence to common degradation methods. Adsorption is regarded as the most conventional method to treat these contaminants, however, existing sorbents present considerable limitations on performance. The development of more efficient PFAS adsorbents is therefore of urgent need. The class of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can hold great promise for these purposes, featuring porous materials with high tailoring potential. Herein, a series of functionalized Zr‐MOFs have been designed with boosted capacities for the adsorption of short‐ and long‐chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids of environmental interest. The approach relies on chemistry‐based concepts to introduce targeted post‐synthetic modifications that promote PFAS···MOF interactions, specifically through coordinative bonding and hydrophobic effects. In particular, the framework TFA‐MOF‐808 (TFA = trifluoroacetic acid) displays the highest capture capacities reported for MOF materials in this pollutant class. Mechanistic studies, assisted by advanced synchrotron characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, support a ligand exchange process occurring during the adsorption phenomena. The results demonstrate the potential of this design approach in developing advanced PFAS sorbents with optimal performance.
Untethered Microgrippers for Biopsy in the Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: Liu Wangqu , Alam Ridwan , Choi Si Young , Wan Yan , Zhang Ruili , Baraban Ezra , Matoso Andres , Matlaga Brian R. , Winoker Jared S. , Gracias David H.
Published: August 2024

Untethered microrobots offer the possibility to perform medical interventions in anatomically complex and small regions in the body. Presently, it is necessary to access the upper urinary tract to diagnose and treat Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC). Diagnostic and treatment challenges include ensuring adequate tissue sampling, accurately grading the disease, achieving completeness in endoscopic treatment, and consistently delivering medications to targeted sites. This work introduces microgrippers (µ‐grippers) that are autonomously triggered by physiological temperature for biopsy in the upper urinary tract. The experiments demonstrated that µ‐grippers can be deployed using standard ureteral catheters and maneuvered using an external magnetic field. The μ‐grippers successfully biopsied tissue samples from ex vivo pig ureters, indicating that the thin‐film bilayer springs' autonomous, physiologically triggered actuation exerts enough force to retrieve urinary tract tissue. The quality of these biopsy samples is sufficient for histopathological examination, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and GATA3 immunohistochemical staining. Beyond biopsy applications, the µ‐grippers' small size, wafer‐scale fabrication, and multifunctionality suggest their potential for statistical sampling in the urinary tract. Experimental data and clinical reports underscore this potential through statistical simulations that compare the efficacy of µ‐grippers with conventional tools, such as ureteroscopic forceps and baskets.
A Pyroptosis‐Inducing Arsenic(III) Nanomicelle Platform for Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xing , Tang Yuqi , Li Yuanhang , Qi Zhengjian
Published: August 2024

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) could activate anti‐tumor immune responses, which is highly attractive for improving cancer treatment effectiveness. Here, this work reports a multifunctional arsenic(III) allosteric inhibitor Mech02, which induces excessive accumulation of 1O2 through sensitized biocatalytic reactions, leading to cell pyroptosis and amplified ICD effect. After Mech02 is converted to Mech03, it could actualize stronger binding effects on the allosteric pocket of pyruvate kinase M2, further interfering with the anaerobic glycolysis pathway of tumors. The enhanced DNA damage triggered by Mech02 and the pyroptosis of cancer stem cells provide assurance for complete tumor clearance. In vivo experiments prove nanomicelle Mech02‐HA NPs is able to activate immune memory effects and raise the persistence of anti‐tumor immunity. In summary, this study for the first time to introduce the arsenic(III) pharmacophore as an enhanced ICD effect initiator into nitrogen mustard, providing insights for the development of efficient multimodal tumor therapy agents.
Ultra Low Power Consumption Optoelectronic Logic Operation of CuO/BaTiO3 Heterojunction Photodetector with Tunable Internal Electric Field Based on Poling Effect
Authors: Cho Junhyung , Choi Wangmyung , Park Taehyun , Yoo Hocheon
Published: August 2024

The study presents a novel self‐powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector harnessing both polarization fields and photovoltaic effects, enabling the realization of ultra‐low power, reconfigurable optoelectronic logic gates. The approach is demonstrated on a CuO/BaTiO3 heterojunction photodetector. The behavior of the photodetector is augmented by the poling effect, aligning the internal electric field of the BaTiO3 through the application of a robust external electric field, thereby facilitating the implementation of optoelectronic logic gates. In the unpoled state, the “XOR” and “OR” logic gates operated at voltages of 750 and −500 µV, respectively. However, upon poling up state, the “XOR” logic gate exhibits reduced operation voltage, operating at 500 µV, while the “OR” logic gate implements clarity at −500 µV. In the unpoled state the “AND” logic gate does not operate; however, upon poling in the downward direction, it operated at −500 µV. The achievement demonstrates successful ultra‐low‐power logic operations, utilizing voltages in the hundreds of micron scale, under a 310 nm wavelength and a light intensity of 0.52 mW·cm−2. Furthermore, controllable polarization electric fields in BaTiO3 enable the operation of “AND” logic gate in the unpoled state, presenting a promising avenue for future research in optoelectronic logic gate design.
Non‐Conductive and Conductive Washable Amylopectin‐Mastic Gum Adhesives for On‐Skin Applications
Authors: Al Boustani George , Xu Zhuoran , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Bichlmaier Lukas , Nikić Marta , Hiendlmeier Lukas , Sayn‐Wittgenstein August , Tüzün Defne , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: August 2024

The investigation of a skin adhesive based on amylopectin and mastic gum for attaching skin sensors are reported. The material provides reliable adhesion and is, at the same time, readily washable from the skin due to the hydrophilic character of the amylopectin compound. The effect of water and glycerol content on the adhesion properties in combination with polyimide‐based substrates is assessed and optimize the material for homogeneous and washable on‐skin applications. This results show that the adhesive material can withstand a shear stress of 88.7 ± 5.30 kPa in a lap shear test. The adhesive material can also be easily rendered conductive by adding sodium chloride. Impedance spectroscopy is performed on the conductive adhesive material to assess the impedance behavior during drying conditions over 24 h in comparison to commercial electrolyte gel. While the conductive adhesion material's initial impedance is slightly higher than the commercial gel, the long‐term assessment demonstrates a significantly improved stability over time. In conclusion, this study develops a skin adhesive combining amylopectin and mastic gum, demonstrating promising adhesion strength and conductivity properties, thus potentially addressing current stability challenges in skin‐sensor applications.
High‐Performance Flexible PbS Nanofilm Wavelength Sensor with Detection Region Ranging from DUV to NIR
Authors: Liang Feng‐Xia , Hu Yi , Zhu Zhi‐Guo , Wu Zhi‐Cheng , Yu Jie , Liang Li‐Yan , Wang Jiang , Wang Li , Wu Chun‐Yan , Song Pingan , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: August 2024

In this study, on the fabrication of a flexible wavelength sensor is reported, which is achieved by growing a layer of lead sulfide (PbS) nanofilm on both sides of a polyethylene terephthalate substrate using the chemical bath deposition method, followed by the deposition of two parallel Au interdigital electrodes. Experimental result shows that the photocurrent ratio of the two photodetectors monotonically decreases with increasing wavelength in the range from 265 nm (UV) to 2000 nm (NIR), indicating that the incident light wavelength can be distinguished by the photocurrent ratio. Notably, the as‐constructed wavelength sensor exhibits superior performance compared to most previously reported filter‐less designs, achieving an average absolute error of 11.5 nm and an average relative error of 1.1%. It is also found that the sensor exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and environmental stability. Furthermore, by introducing the back‐end circuit, real‐time detection of the wavelength of monochromatic light and the peak wavelength of LED light are achieved, with detection errors not exceeding 2.8% and 2.6%, respectively. It is believed that the flexible PbS nanofilm wavelength sensor prepared in this study has potential application in future portable and flexible optoelectronic devices.
Dopaminergic Neurons in Zona Incerta Drives Appetitive Self‐Grooming
Authors: Jiang Zhiying , He Michelle , Young Claire , Cai Jing , Xu Yuanzhong , Jiang Yanyan , Li Hongli , Yang Maojie , Tong Qingchun
Published: August 2024

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are known to play a key role in controlling behaviors. While DA neurons in other brain regions are extensively characterized, those in zona incerta (ZITH or A13) receive much less attention and their function remains to be defined. Here it is shown that optogenetic stimulation of these neurons elicited intensive self‐grooming behaviors and promoted place preference, which can be enhanced by training but cannot be converted into contextual memory. Interestingly, the same stimulation increased DA release to periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons and local PAG antagonism of DA action reduced the elicited self‐grooming. In addition, A13 neurons increased their activity in response to various external stimuli and during natural self‐grooming episodes. Finally, monosynaptic retrograde tracing showed that the paraventricular hypothalamus represents one of the major upstream brain regions to A13 neurons. Taken together, these results reveal that A13 neurons are one of the brain sites that promote appetitive self‐grooming involving DA release to the PAG.
Adaptation of Fusarium Head Blight Pathogens to Changes in Agricultural Practices and Human Migration
Authors: Yang Meixin , Smit Sandra , de Ridder Dick , Feng Jie , Liu Taiguo , Xu Jinrong , van der Lee Theo A. J. , Zhang Hao , Chen Wanquan
Published: August 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. To understand the impact of human migration and changes in agricultural practices on crop pathogens, here population genomic analysis with 245 representative strains from a collection of 4,427 field isolates of Fusarium asiaticum, the causal agent of FHB in Southern China is conducted. Three populations with distinct evolution trajectories are identifies over the last 10,000 years that can be correlated with historically documented changes in agricultural practices due to human migration caused by the Southern Expeditions during the Jin Dynasty. The gradual decrease of 3ADON‐producing isolates from north to south along with the population structure and spore dispersal patterns shows the long‐distance (>250 km) dispersal of F. asiaticum. These insights into population dynamics and evolutionary history of FHB pathogens are corroborated by a genome‐wide analysis with strains originating from Japan, South America, and the USA, confirming the adaptation of FHB pathogens to cropping systems and human migration.
Achieving Image Encryption Quantum Dot‐Functionalized Encryption Camera with Designed Films
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Tao , Liu Mingriu , Fu Ying , Zhong Haizheng
Published: August 2024

The risk of information leaks increases as images become a crucial medium for information sharing. There is a great need to further develop the versatility of image encryption technology to protect confidential and sensitive information. Herein, using high spatial redundancy (strong correlation of neighboring pixels) of the image and the in situ encryption function of a quantum dot functionalized encryption camera, in situ image encryption is achieved by designing quantum dot films (size, color, and full width at half maximum) to modify the correlation and reduce spatial redundancy of the captured image during encryption processing. The correlation coefficients of simulated encrypted image closely apporach to 0. High‐quality decrypted images are achieved with a PSNR of more than 35 dB by a convolutional neural network‐based algorithm that meets the resolution requirements of human visual perception. Compared with the traditional image encryption algorithms, chaotic image encryption algorithms and neural network‐based encryption algorithms described previously, it provides a universal, efficient and effective in situ image encryption method.
Monocyte/Macrophage‐Mediated Transport of Dual‐Drug ZIF Nanoplatforms Synergized with Programmed Cell Death Protein‐1 Inhibitor Against Microsatellite‐Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ye Xietao , Liu Yuping , Wei Liangyin , Sun Yeyang , Zhang Xiaoran , Wang Hong , Guo Hong , Qin Xiaoying , Li Xiaoqi , Qu Ding , Huo Jiege , Chen Yan
Published: August 2024

Microsatellite‐stable colorectal cancer (MSS‐CRC) exhibits resistance to programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) therapy. Improving the infiltration and tumor recognition of cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising strategy, but it encounters huge challenges from drug delivery and mechanisms aspects. Here, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) coated with apoptotic body membranes derived from MSS‐CRC cells is engineered for the co‐delivery of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) and atractylenolide‐I (Att) to MSS‐CRC, named as Ab@Rg1/Att‐ZIF. This system is selectively engulfed by Ly‐6C+ monocytes during blood circulation and utilizes a “hitchhiking” mechanism to migrate toward the core of MSS‐CRC. Ab@Rg1/Att‐ZIF undergoes rapid disassembly in the tumor, released Rg1 promotes the processing and transportation of tumor antigens in dendritic cells (DCs), enhancing their maturation. Meanwhile, Att enhances the activity of the 26S proteasome complex in tumor cells, leading to increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class‐I (MHC‐I). These coordinated actions enhance the infiltration and recognition of CTLs in the center of MSS‐CRC, significantly improving the tumor inhibition of PD‐1 treatment from ≈5% to ≈69%. This innovative design, involving inflammation‐guided precise drug co‐delivery and a rational combination, achieves synergistic engineering of the tumor microenvironment, providing a novel strategy for successful PD‐1 treatment of MSS‐CRC.
Subsets of Nanometer Vesicles in the Fly Release Differential Fractions of Vesicular Serotonin Content during Exocytosis
Authors: Gu Chaoyi , Wang Ying , Yeoman Mark , Patel Bhavik Anil , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: August 2024

Serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is important in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Malfunction of serotonin signaling leads to various disorders. We studied serotonin signaling from serotonergic neurons inside the ventral nerve cord of Drosophila melanogaster. Serotonergic neurons and stimulated release were visualized and achieved with mCherry and channelrhodopsin‐2 (an optogenetically transfected ion channel), respectively, and two electrochemical techniques quantified serotonin release and vesicular content. Mean vesicular serotonin content released during exocytosis from these neurons was 84 %, considerably higher than reported in previous studies regarding octopamine (4.5 %) and glutamate release (31 %). Serotonin content within all vesicles is uniformly changed when serotonin concentration is inhibited or enhanced. However, serotonin release exhibits two Gaussian distributions: higher frequency of small release events, and similar or slightly higher frequency of large events, resulting in differential release fractions ranging from partial (13–18 %) to full (100 %) release after treatment with agents to either enhance or diminish release. This is the first example of consistent full exocytotic release events we have observed in any system. We suggest one pool of vesicles can release significantly diverse fractions of transmitter load during exocytosis, a potentially novel pathway to regulate exocytosis and neuronal signaling.
Chiral Ligand‐Decorated Rhodium Nanoparticles Incorporated in Covalent Organic Framework for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Yu Jiangtao , Yang Ge , Gao Ming‐Liang , Wang He , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: August 2024

While metal nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated their great potential in catalysis, introducing chiral microenvironment around metal NPs to achieve efficient conversion and high enantioselectivity remains a long‐standing challenge. In this work, tiny Rh NPs, modified by chiral diene ligands (Lx) bearing diverse functional groups, are incorporated into a covalent organic framework (COF) for the asymmetric 1,4‐addition reactions between arylboronic acids and nitroalkenes. Though Rh NPs hosted in the COF are inactive, decorating Rh NPs with Lx creates the active Rh−Lx interface and induces high activity. Moreover, chiral microenvironment modulation around Rh NPs by altering the groups on chiral diene ligands greatly optimizes the enantioselectivity (up to 95.6 % ee). Mechanistic investigations indicate that the formation of hydrogen‐bonding interaction between Lx and nitroalkenes plays critical roles in the resulting enantioselectivity. This work highlights the significance of chiral microenvironment modulation around metal NPs by chiral ligand decoration for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis.
A comparative study for the efficiency of Pd (II) and Fe (III) complexes as efficient catalysts for synthesis of dihydro‐7H‐5‐thia‐hexaaza‐s‐indacen‐6‐one derivatives supported with DFT approach
Authors: El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali , Eskander Thomas Nady A. , Elhady Omar , Alhashmialameer Dalal , Alsehli Mosa , Kamel Moumen S. , Feizi‐Dehnayebi Mehran , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

Two novel complexes were synthesized by the reaction of benzothiazol‐pyrimidin‐2‐ylidene ligand (BTP) with Pd (II) and Fe (III) ions. A variety of various spectral and analytical methods (infrared, 1H/NMR, 13C/NMR, electronic spectra, CHN analyses, mass spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic susceptibility) were used to characterize the investigated BTP ligand and its complexes. Correlation of experimental results with density functional theory calculation proves that the geometry of BTP‐Fe complex is octahedral, whereas BTP‐Pd complex is square planner. The catalytic effectiveness of BTP complexes were tested for three‐component condensation process under moderate and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Moreover, the effects of different Lewis acid, basic, and ionic liquid catalysts, as well as solvent and catalyst dose on the catalytic reaction were investigated. Both catalysts demonstrated strong catalytic capability in the carefully regulated ideal reaction circumstances. Heterogeneous catalyst BTP‐Pd exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to homogeneous catalyst BTP‐Fe. All products were obtained in high TOF (turnover frequency) numbers in the presence of these catalysts, which indicate the high efficiency of these catalysts in the synthesis of dihydro‐7H‐5‐thia‐hexaaza‐s‐indacen‐6‐one derivatives. Moreover, the two catalysts' recycling and reusability in reactions were also investigated. Heterogeneous BTP‐Pd catalyst could be reused up to seven times with high efficiency, but the homogeneous catalyst (BTP‐Fe) could only be recycled up to four times. Furthermore, the mechanism of catalytic reaction was suggested and supported by DFT calculation. The simplicity, safety, stability, use of commercially available catalysts, quick reaction times, and excellent yields make it promising for future industrial use.
Carbon nitride/polyaniline/metal oxide composite system endows epoxy resin with reinforcements in the fire safety, thermal stability, and water resistance
Authors: Cui Jiahui , Ou Mingyu , Guan Haocun , Lian Richeng , Geng Yiwei , Zhao Zexuan , Li Rongjia , Liu Lei , Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei
Published: August 2024

Reducing the fire risk of epoxy coatings has been a significant focus in the research of thermosetting resin materials. Various carbon nitride/polyaniline/metal oxide hybrids (CNPMOs) were synthesized using in‐situ oxidative polymerization and modified adsorption methods. Combustion analysis results indicated that CNPMOs effectively reduced the heat release of epoxy coatings during combustion. The epoxy coatings containing various CNPMOs (EFe, EY, and ETi) exhibited excellent smoke suppression and toxicity reduction properties. Furthermore, in comparison to the pure sample (E0) and reference sample (E1), the epoxy coatings EFe, EY, and ETi demonstrated improved thermal stability. In water resistance tests, the water absorption rates of EFe, EY, and ETi were significantly lower than that of E0. The CNPMOs enhanced the hydrophobicity of the epoxy coating to better protect the substrate in humid environments.
Bericht des Arbeitskreises „Baugruben“
Authors: Hettler Achim , Kinzler Steffen , Hackenbroch Wilfried , Haussmann Rainer , Herten Markus
Published: August 2024

Der Arbeitskreis „Baugruben“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik (DGGT) veröffentlicht seit 1968 regelmäßig Empfehlungen für die Berechnung, Bemessung und Konstruktion von Baugrubenumschließungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Diskussionen im Arbeitskreis. Im vergangenen Jahr erfolgte hauptsächlich die Mitwirkung bei der Kommentierung der Entwürfe des neuen Eurocode 7. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt war die Überarbeitung der EB 52 „Tragfähigkeit von Steifen“. Zusätzliche Themen waren eine Ergänzung des EC0 aus Sicht der Geotechnik und Bemessungsfragen zum Trägerbohlverbau mit Stützkeil.
Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right parietal cortex improves the depressive disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: Guo Xin , Zhou Qilin , Lu Yueying , Xu Zhexue , Wen Zhenye , Gu Ping , Tian Shujuan , Wang Yuping
Published: August 2024

Objective

The right posterior parietal cortex is the core brain region of emotional processing and executive control network in the human brain, and the function of the right posterior parietal cortex is decreased in patients with major depressive disorder. This study aims to preliminarily investigate whether the excitation of the right posterior parietal cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could improve their clinical symptoms.

Methods

In this study, 12 patients with major depressive disorder were given tDCS treatment at Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The stimulating electrode (anode) was placed on the patients’ right parietal cortex, whereas the reference electrode (cathode) was placed on the patients’ left mastoid. The stimulation intensity was set as 2.0 mA. The patients with depressive disorder were treated for 20 min at a time twice a day for 14 consecutive days. The severity of the clinical symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale‐17 (HDRS‐17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) at before and right after treatment.

Results

The HDRS‐17 scores of patients with depressive disorder decreased significantly following the tDCS treatment compared with those before treatment (p < .001). Further analysis revealed that the patients’ anxiety/somatization, cognitive deficit, retardation, and sleep disorder scores all decreased significantly after the tDCS treatment (p < .05), although there was no significant change in their weight. Moreover, the patients’ HARS scores decreased significantly after the tDCS treatment when compared with those before treatment (p < .01).

Conclusion

The right parietal cortex may be another key stimulation targets to improving the efficacy of tDCS treatment to the patients with major depressive disorder.
Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of the Leaf Essential Oils of Goniothalamus yunnanensis W.T.Wang and G. touranensis Ast: Experimental and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Ngoc Dai Do , Ngoc Sam Ly , Huong Le Thi , Huy Hung Nguyen , Xuan Ha Nguyen , Thi Tra Nguyen , Ngoc Linh Nguyen , The Son Ninh
Published: August 2024

The current research describes a phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves of two Vietnamese Annonaceae species Goniothalamus yunnanensis W.T.Wang and G. touranensis Ast. By the GC‐FID/MS (gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry) analyses, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons accounted for the highest percentage of 68.22 % in G. yunnanensis leaf essential oil with bicyclogermacrene (31.03 %) and (E)‐caryophyllene (21.12 %) being the main compounds. G. touranensis leaf essential oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.08 %) with p‐cymene (19.95 %) and α‐pinene (16.82 %) being the major compounds. By the microdilution broth susceptibility assay, two oil samples showed strong antibacterial effects on the Gram‐positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis ATCC51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and Bacillus cereus ATCC11778 with the MIC values of 16–64 μg/mL. They also inhibited the growth of the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 60193 with the same MIC value of 128 μg/mL. From the vector‐based intervention approach, both oil samples showed strong mosquito larvicidal activity against four‐instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus with the 24 h LC50 values of 16.75–27.60 μg/mL and 24 h LC90 values of 24.31–46.18 μg/mL. Docking results indicated that bicyclogermacrene and p‐cymene exhibited the highest ΔG (binding affinity) values of −8.208 and −6.799 kcal/mol with the olfactory binding proteins (OBPs) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively.
Changes in Merkel cell oncoprotein antibodies after radiation therapy in curatively treated Merkel cell carcinoma and association with recurrence
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Shin Kee‐Young , Thakuria Manisha , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Tishler Roy B. , Silk Ann W. , Yoon Charles H. , Fite Elliott , Margalit Danielle N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Serum antibodies to the Merkel oncoprotein (AMERK) are detectable in approximately 50% of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and can be used to monitor for recurrence. The objective of this study was to characterize AMERK levels in patients receiving curative‐intent radiation therapy (RT) for MCC and identify associations between AMERK and recurrence.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of patients with MCC who had baseline AMERK measurements before they received curative‐intent RT from 2010 to 2020. Event‐free survival (EFS) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. The cumulative incidence of MCC‐related recurrence (CIMR) was analyzed with death as a competing risk and the Gray test.

Results

The authors identified 88 patients who had baseline AMERK measurements, including 52 (59%) with detectable levels. AMERK positivity was associated with younger median age (67.8 vs. 72.0 years; p = .02) and tumor site (p = 0.02), with lower rates for those who had disease in the head/neck region (17.3% vs. 44.4%). EFS (71.3% vs. 60.4%; p = .30) and CIMR (24.4% vs. 39.6%; p = .23) were more favorable in AMERK‐positive patients. Two patients had recurrences in the RT field, and both were AMERK‐negative at baseline. The median time to AMERK nadir after RT was 11.2 months; and, in a 6‐month post‐RT landmark analysis, the proportion of patients who were AMERK‐positive who became negative or who had levels that decreased by ≥50% were not associated with EFS (87.1% vs. 85.0%; p = .90) or CIMR (12.9% vs. 15.0%; p = .62).

Conclusions

Positive AMERK baseline levels were correlated with younger age at MCC diagnosis and nonhead and neck tumor location, possibly related to the distribution of viral etiology. A specific post‐RT AMERK decline correlating with EFS could not be identified.
SIoT identity management with the ability to preserve owner privacy and built‐in resistance to Sybil attacks
Authors: Dayyani Aboulfazl , Abbaspour Maghsoud
Published: August 2024

The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) allows for more efficient and intelligent communication between entities (humans and objects). Managing the digital identity of objects, protecting the owner's privacy, and resisting impersonation attacks are crucial challenges in SIoT. On the other hand, the classic centralized identity provider servers contain valuable information for hackers and malicious parties. Effective solutions can be presented using decentralized technologies such as blockchains. This paper proposes a decentralized identity management system for SIoT based on smart contract technology. This system drives object identity control; conversely, a zero‐knowledge‐based protocol and double‐spend prevention ideas are proposed for privacy preservation and Sybil attack resistance, respectively. The central idea is to implement self‐sovereign identity (SSI) so that even certifiers are not privy to object‐sensitive information. Additionally, it attempts to prevent the owner from creating Sybil objects using the web of trust method. The method's scalability and convergence can be proven by considering all acknowledgment nodes and different paths. This method was compared with the most novel available methods; the results from this comparison depict the scalability and effectiveness of the proposed method for large networks.