bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Of A Completely Edentulous Hemimandibulectomy Patient With Maxillary Twin Occlusion And Mandibular Hollow Denture Prosthesis- A Case Report
Authors: MDS Rahul Udayasankar, , MDS Thiruvalluvan N, , Mds Varsha Pathiyil,
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma is high in patients with a history of long term tobacco use. Extensive lesions of the oral cavity may lead to resection of mandible, which can compromise the patient’s functions and esthetics to varying degrees, due to its complex attachments and prominent position in the facial architecture. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous hemimandibulectomy patient is even more challenging due to a number of compromising factors. Revamping certain basic principles of Prosthodontics maybe necessary for successful rehabilitation of these patients. The ultimate aim of the Prosthodontist is to improve the quality of life of these patients, which will not only have a positive physical impact but also enhance the overall mental well being of these patients. This case report presents such a complex scenario of prosthodontic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous hemimandibulectomy patient. Due to the mandibular deviation towards the resected side, incorporation of a maxillary twin occlusion on the unresected side was required to attain a favourable post operative maxillomandibular relation. Due to the extension of the mandibular denture into the defect area in the mandibular region, considerable increase in weight of the mandibular denture was expected, which would have compounded the already existing compromised retention and stability owing to the decreased mandibular denture bearing area. Hence a hollow mandibular denture was planned to reduce the weight of mandibular dentures. Considerable improvement in esthetics and function were noticed and the patient is comfortable and well tolerated with the present prosthesis
Advancing Cashless Treatment In Indian Healthcare Insurance: Benefits, Data Insights, And Strategic Steps
Authors: Hood Mitesh Mohan , Kapoor Dr. Vaibhav , Khetrapal Dr. Sandeep
Published: October 2024

The Indian healthcare sector is experiencing a major shift, largely driven by progress in health insurance, especially in the area of cashless treatment options. This review article delves into the current landscape of health insurance in India, examines the advantages of cashless treatment, and outlines strategic measures to accelerate its adoption. Data from the fiscal year 2024 reveal a notable increase in insurance penetration and highlight the significant role of private sector participation. The article also presents a case study of Pristyn Care's efforts to reduce claim ratios, curb fraud, and extend services to underserved areas. These findings emphasize the ongoing need for enhancements in healthcare accessibility and efficiency through cashless treatment models
Clinical and Angiographic Profile of Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with Multivessel Disease: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Latif Sayem Bin , Hassan Md. Rashidul , Ali Syed Mahmud , Hasan Md. Mahbub , Alam Md. Shafi-Ul- , Adnan Tanvir
Published: October 2024

Background: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a type of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiography. Many non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients have multivessel disease, which leads to worse outcomes compared to single-vessel disease. Their clinical and angiographic profiles provide valuable insightf into the nature, severity, and treatment of this common cardiac condition. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic profiles of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients with multivessel disease. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2022 to August 2023. The study enrolled 270 consecutive patients with NSTEMI. Coronary angiography and electrocardiogram were used in assessing the disease condition. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age of total participants was 54.31 ±10.54 years and most of them were male (77.8%). Majority of the patients had hypertension (68.1%), diabetes mellitus (59.3%), and dyslipidemia (58.5%). In the clinical assessment, 89.6% of patients had femoral access, 31.1% had a bifurcation lesion, 8.1% showed calcification, and 22.6% had a left main lesion. Stents were used in 41.9% of cases, with a mean total stent length of 55.8 ±26.9 mm. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 49.10 ±7.3%. Among the major culprit vessel involvements identified, 6% involved the left main (LM) artery, 56% involved the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, 34% involved the left circumflex (LCX) artery, and 39% involved the right coronary artery (RCA). Regarding the final angiographic findings among the total participants, double vessel disease (DVD) was observed in 40% of cases, while triple vessel disease was observed in 60% of cases. Conclusion: The increased prevalence of triple vessel disease among non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients underscores the importance of heightened vigilance among healthcare providers and policymakers. Understanding the clinical and angiographic profiles of these patients is essential for effective management strategies.
Comparative Profile of Pregnant Women with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sourav DG , Priyanka A.S. , Tamanna Tanjeemay , Ritchil Tisa Riya , Tasmia Khandokar , Kabir Nuzhat , Dey Antar K.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents a growing public health concern due to its adverse effects on both mothers and infants. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic, obstetric, and lifestyle factors influencing GDM prevalence and compare the profiles of pregnant women with and without GDM. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving 150 cases (pregnant women with GDM) and 150 controls (pregnant women without GDM), each matched for age. Data collection instruments were pre-tested, and physical activity levels were measured using the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). Differences between cases and controls were analyzed across various sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Result: Age distributions were similar, with mean ages of 25.41 ± 2.472 years for cases and 25.21 ± 2.63 years for controls (p=0.484). However, education and income disparities were observed, with 26.67% of cases achieving only a Secondary School Certificate (SSC) education compared to 16.00% of controls. A significant portion of cases (52.67%) fell into the 20,000-39,999-income bracket compared to 36.00% of controls (p<0.01). Physical activity levels were notably lower among cases, with 94.00% of cases reporting low light activity versus only 18.67% of controls (p<0.001). Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly higher among cases, with 30.67% overweight compared to 8.67% of controls (p<0.001). Family history of diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were not significantly associated with GDM. Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy BMI, physical activity, and socioeconomic status play significant roles in determining GDM risk. Comprehensive education and structured physical activity programs, particularly for women of childbearing age, could help reduce the incidence and complications of GDM
Fragment Reattachment For Complicated Crown Root Fracture – A Case Report
Authors: Jauhara Dr Fathima , S Dr Jayasree , B Dr Shareefa , K Dr Maneesha , B Dr Aishwariya
Published: October 2024

Complicated crown-root fractures are challenging dental injuries that involve both enamel and dentin structures and extend into the root. They often necessitate a multifaceted approach to achieve successful reattachment and functional restoration. This case report describes the management and outcomes of a complicated crown-root fracture using a reattachment technique
Meta-Analysis Report: Olfactory Groove Meningioma
Authors: Jain Dr. Saurabh , Jain Dr. Swati , Awasthi Dr. Jitendra , Singh Dr. Dushyant
Published: October 2024

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes, surgical techniques, and complications associated with the resection of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies that reported on surgical outcomes for OGMs. Data were extracted on patient demographics, surgical approaches, outcomes, and complications. Results: Surgical resection of OGMs was associated with favorable functional outcomes, although complications, including anosmia and neurological deficits, were common. Total resection rates varied based on surgical technique. Conclusion: Resection of olfactory groove meningiomas generally yields good outcomes, but careful consideration of surgical approach is essential to minimize complications
Comparison Of Ketorolac Versus Ibuprofen For Postoperative Pain Management In Total Abdominal Hystrectomy Surgeries
Authors: Bharat Dr. Gunupuru . , Neelima Dr. Tallapudi. , Sarma Dr.Addeapalli.Atrivarada Sri Bhaskara , Rowthu Dr. Ujwalasree. , Rao Dr. Kommanapalli.Venkateswara
Published: October 2024

Background - Postoperative pain management is crucial for ensuring patient comfort and promoting faster recovery. Pharmacological interventions, such as NSAIDs, play an essential role in reducing pain intensity while minimizing opioid-related side effects. Ketorolac, a potent NSAID, and ibuprofen are both commonly used for pain relief. This study focuses on comparing the efficacy of these two drugs for pain management in total abdominal hysterectomy surgeries. Aim -To assess and compare the effects of intravenous ketorolac and intravenous ibuprofen on postoperative pain management in total abdominal hysterectomy patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized single-blind study was conducted on 30 patients, divided into two groups (Group K: ketorolac, Group I: ibuprofen). Various parameters, including VAS pain scores, sedation, time for rescue analgesia, and the number of rescue analgesics, were compared. Participants: 30 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy, randomized into two groups (Group K: ketorolac, Group I: ibuprofen). Inclusion Criteria: Patients between 18 and 65 years of age undergoing elective surgery, ASA grade I or II. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with NSAID hypersensitivity, coagulation disorders, bronchial asthma, hepatic or renal failure, and peptic ulcers. Methodology: Patients received lumbar subarachnoid block, followed by either 30 mg of ketorolac or 800 mg of ibuprofen postoperatively. Rescue analgesics were provided if needed. Results: The postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the ibuprofen group. Time for first rescue analgesia and the total number of rescue analgesics required were also lower in the ibuprofen group
Fallen Yet Beautiful
Authors: Gogineni Mamata , Fathima Anees , Potti Sudhakar
Published: October 2024

Iridodialysis can occur due to blunt trauma or intraocular surgeries. Symptoms include glare, photophobia, eye pain, Diplopia. Signs include elevated Intraocular Pressure , Hyphema. In this report, we describe a case of total Iridodialysis during manual small incision cataract surgery. The disinserted Iris was left insitu and on postoperative day 1, the Iris was in place without getting crumpled or obstructing the visual axis. The postoperative 6 week follow up has the same picture where Iris tissue remained the same without getting necrosed. This is an unusual presentation of the Iris tissue
Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) in Enhancing Clinical Competencies of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Md. Rasel , Ahmed Dr. Abu Hena Helal Uddin , Hossin Dr. Md. Immam , Ahmed Dr. AKM Kabir , Hasan Dr. Md. Kamrul , Mahmud Dr. Atique , Haque Dr. M. Atiqul , Islam Dr. Syed Shariful
Published: October 2024

Background: As postgraduate medical or dental education students, most of us will have come across Direct Observation of Procedural Skills or DOPS. DOPS promoted clinical effectiveness by evaluating practice-based skills in the authentic organizational context, and subsequently proactively feeding back the learning to learners. This scoping review sought to synthesize the work done in determining DOPS's effectiveness in enhancing clinical competencies in some fields of medicine and dentistry. Methods: The study was carried out by using the following search engines: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SID, Medlib and Google searched unpublished sources (Gray literature) and selected references (reference of reference) by typing the following keywords: (DOPS), clinical competencies, postgraduate medical and dental education. Results: From 215 papers 40 were analyzed and together demonstrated the efficiency of the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) as an assessment tool for numerous medical and dental profiles. It was revealed that DOPS improved procedural confidence, procedural performance competence and general clinical skills, all over the world. In their views, learners and educators overestimated the usefulness of DOPS and acknowledged its function of enhancing clinical competencies and offering feedback. The participants encountered some difficulties such as time limitations, coordination problems, and curriculum mismatch Nevertheless, DOPS was much more effective than traditional approaches in increasing satisfaction and reliability of the assessments in various medical training settings. Conclusion: In the context of postgraduate medical and dental education and training, the DOPS assessment tool was found to be very effective in enhancing clinical competencies and procedural skills. However, the successful implementation has the points that need to be attended like the training of the assessors and standardization although there are benefits of the same. Further studies were encouraged to investigate ways of enhancing the use of DOPS and how best it could be incorporated into post-graduate training
Extending Resolution of Fault Slip With Geodetic Networks Through Optimal Network Design
Authors: Sathiakumar Sharadha , Barbot Sylvain Denis , Agram Piyush
Published: October 2017

Geodetic networks consisting of high precision and high rate Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations continuously monitor seismically active regions of the world. These networks measure surface displacements and the amount of geodetic strain accumulated in the region and give insight into the seismic potential. SuGar (Sumatra GPS Array) in Sumatra, GEONET (GNSS Earth Observation Network System) in Japan, and PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) in California are some examples of established networks around the world that are constantly expanding with the addition of new stations to improve the quality of measurements. However, installing new stations to existing networks is tedious and expensive. Therefore, it is important to choose suitable locations for new stations to increase the precision obtained in measuring the geophysical parameters of interest. Here we describe a methodology to design optimal geodetic networks that augment the existing system and use it to investigate seismo‐tectonics at convergent and transform boundaries considering land‐based and seafloor geodesy. The proposed network design optimization would be pivotal to better understand seismic and tsunami hazards around the world. Land‐based and seafloor networks can monitor fault slip around subduction zones with significant resolution, but transform faults are more challenging to monitor due to their near‐vertical geometry.
The 2016 Kumamoto Mw = 7.0 Earthquake: A Significant Event in a Fault–Volcano System
Authors: Yue Han , Ross Zachary E. , Liang Cunren , Michel Sylvain , Fattahi Heresh , Fielding Eric , Moore Angelyn , Liu Zhen , Jia Bo
Published: October 2017

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence occurred on the Futagawa–Hinagu fault zone near the Aso volcano on Kyushu island. The sequence was initiated with two major (Mw ≥ 6.0) foreshocks, and the mainshock (Mw = 7.0) occurred 25 h after the second major foreshock. We combine GPS, strong motion, synthetic aperture radar images, and surface offset data in a joint inversion to resolve the kinematic rupture process of the mainshock and coseismic displacement of the foreshocks. The joint inversion results reveal a unilateral rupture process for the mainshock involving sequential rupture of four major asperities. The slip area of the foreshocks and mainshock and the aftershock loci form a detailed complementary pattern. The mainshock rupture terminates near the rim of the caldera, leaving a ~10 km long gap of aftershocks. This area is characterized by high temperature and low shear wave velocity, density, and resistivity, which may be related to the partially melted geothermal condition. Ductile material property near the volcano may act as a “material barrier” to the dynamic rupture. Topographic weight of the caldera increases compressional normal stress on the fault plane, which may behave as a “stress barrier.” Long‐term seismic hazard and deformation behaviors related to these two types of barriers are discussed in terms of the associated frictional mechanism. Significant postseismic creeps observed near the volcano area indicates a velocity strengthening frictional behavior near the rupture termination, which confirms that the “material barrier” mechanism is likely the dominant rupture termination mechanism.
Data‐Constrained Projections of Methane Fluxes in a Northern Minnesota Peatland in Response to Elevated CO2 and Warming
Authors: Ma Shuang , Jiang Jiang , Huang Yuanyuan , Shi Zheng , Wilson Rachel M. , Ricciuto Daniel , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Hanson Paul J. , Luo Yiqi
Published: October 2017

Large uncertainties exist in predicting responses of wetland methane (CH4) fluxes to future climate change. However, sources of the uncertainty have not been clearly identified despite the fact that methane production and emission processes have been extensively explored. In this study, we took advantage of manual CH4 flux measurements under ambient environment from 2011 to 2014 at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experimental site and developed a data‐informed process‐based methane module. The module was incorporated into the Terrestrial ECOsystem (TECO) model before its parameters were constrained with multiple years of methane flux data for forecasting CH4 emission under five warming and two elevated CO2 treatments at SPRUCE. We found that 9°C warming treatments significantly increased methane emission by approximately 400%, and elevated CO2 treatments stimulated methane emission by 10.4%–23.6% in comparison with ambient conditions. The relative contribution of plant‐mediated transport to methane emission decreased from 96% at the control to 92% at the 9°C warming, largely to compensate for an increase in ebullition. The uncertainty in plant‐mediated transportation and ebullition increased with warming and contributed to the overall changes of emissions uncertainties. At the same time, our modeling results indicated a significant increase in the emitted CH4:CO2 ratio. This result, together with the larger warming potential of CH4, will lead to a strong positive feedback from terrestrial ecosystems to climate warming. The model‐data fusion approach used in this study enabled parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification for forecasting methane fluxes.
Soluble CD163 in intracerebral hemorrhage: biomarker for perihematomal edema
Authors: Roy‐O'Reilly Meaghan , Zhu Liang , Atadja Louise , Torres Glenda , Aronowski Jaroslaw , McCullough Louise , Edwards Nancy J.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may elaborate varying degrees of perihematomal edema (PHE), requiring closer monitoring and a higher intensity of treatment. Here, we explore whether the soluble form of CD163, a scavenger receptor responsible for hemoglobin sequestration, can serve as a prognostic biomarker of PHE development and poor outcome after ICH.

Methods

Our study cohort was comprised of 51 primary age‐ and sex‐matched ICH patients with moderate‐sized, hypertensive deep hemorrhages. Patients were part of a prospective ICH registry cataloguing admission data along with functional outcomes. We measured sCD163 levels in serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained at prespecified timepoints. Descriptive statistics, including a generalized estimating equation for longitudinal data, were used to analyze sCD163 in relation to ICH outcomes.

Results

Acute serum sCD163 (<48 h postictus) was significantly elevated in ICH patients compared to both acute neurological event controls (P = <0.001) and healthy controls (P = 0.003). As predicted, acute serum sCD163 levels were significantly associated with both hematoma volume expansion (P = 0.009) and PHE expansion (P = 0.002). Further examination determined that patients with high PHE expansion had poorer modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge (P = 0.024), and circulating sCD163 levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with high‐level PHE expansion.

Interpretation

Acute sCD163 levels may be a useful biomarker for the acute identification of patients at risk for hematoma expansion, perihematomal edema expansion and poorer short‐term outcomes.
Triplet Transfer Mediates Triplet Pair Separation during Singlet Fission in 6,13‐Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)‐Pentacene
Authors: Grieco Christopher , Doucette Grayson S. , Munro Jason M. , Kennehan Eric R. , Lee Youngmin , Rimshaw Adam , Payne Marcia M. , Wonderling Nichole , Anthony John E. , Dabo Ismaila , Gomez Enrique D. , Asbury John B.
Published: October 2017

Triplet population dynamics of solution cast films of isolated polymorphs of 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS‐Pn) provide quantitative experimental evidence that triplet excitation energy transfer is the dominant mechanism for correlated triplet pair (CTP) separation during singlet fission. Variations in CTP separation rates are compared for polymorphs of TIPS‐Pn with their triplet diffusion characteristics that are controlled by their crystal structures. Since triplet energy transfer is a spin‐forbidden process requiring direct wavefunction overlap, simple calculations of electron and hole transfer integrals are used to predict how molecular packing arrangements would influence triplet transfer rates. The transfer integrals reveal how differences in the packing arrangements affect electronic interactions between pairs of TIPS‐Pn molecules, which are correlated with the relative rates of CTP separation in the polymorphs. These findings suggest that relatively simple computations in conjunction with measurements of molecular packing structures may be used as screening tools to predict a priori whether new types of singlet fission sensitizers have the potential to undergo fast separation of CTP states to form multiplied triplets.
Platinum‐Based Nanowires as Active Catalysts toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction: In Situ Observation of Surface‐Diffusion‐Assisted, Solid‐State Oriented Attachment
Authors: Ma Yanling , Gao Wenpei , Shan Hao , Chen Wenlong , Shang Wen , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Addiego Chris , Deng Tao , Pan Xiaoqing , Wu Jianbo
Published: October 2017

Facile fabrication of advanced catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction with improving activity and stability is significant for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Based on a generic solid‐state reaction, this study reports a modified hydrogen‐assisted, gas‐phase synthesis for facile, scalable production of surfactant‐free, thin, platinum‐based nanowire‐network electrocatalysts. The free‐standing platinum and platinum–nickel alloy nanowires show improvements of up to 5.1 times and 10.9 times for mass activity with a minimum 2.6% loss after an accelerated durability test for 10k cycles; 8.5 times and 13.8 times for specific activity, respectively, compared to commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, combined with a wet impregnation method, different substrate‐materials‐supported platinum‐based nanowires are obtained, which paves the way to practical application as a next‐generation supported catalyst to replace Pt/C. The growth stages and formation mechanism are investigated by an in situ transmission electron microscopy study. It reveals that the free‐standing platinum nanowires form in the solid state via metal‐surface‐diffusion‐assisted oriented attachment of individual nanoparticles, and the interaction with gas molecules plays a critical role, which may represent a gas‐molecular‐adsorbate‐modified growth in catalyst preparation.
Organic Diode Rectifiers Based on a High‐Performance Conjugated Polymer for a Near‐Field Energy‐Harvesting Circuit
Authors: Higgins Stuart G. , Agostinelli Tiziano , Markham Steve , Whiteman Robert , Sirringhaus Henning
Published: October 2017

Organic diodes manufactured on a plastic substrate capable of rectifying a high‐frequency radio‐frequency identification signal (13.56 MHz), with sufficient power to operate an interactive smart tag, are reported. A high‐performance conjugated semiconductor (an indacenodithiophene‐benzothiadiazole copolymer) is combined with a carefully optimized architecture to satisfy the electrical requirements for an organic‐semiconductor‐based logic chip.
Hexagonal Sphericon Hematite with High Performance for Water Oxidation
Authors: Odedairo Taiwo , Yan Xuecheng , Yao Xiangdong , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: October 2017

A cost‐effective hexagonal sphericon hematite with predominant (110) facets for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is demonstrated. Sequential incorporation of near‐atomic uniformly distributed Ce species and Ni nanoparticles into selected sites of the hematite induces a complex synergistic integration phenomenon that enhances the overall catalytic OER performance. This cheap hexagonal sphericon hematite (Fe ≈ 98%) only needs a small overpotential (η) of 0.34 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, superior to commercial IrO2 and more expensive Co‐, Ni‐, and Li‐based electrocatalysts.
Visible light induced Trifluoromethyl Migration: Easy Access to α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones from Enol Triflates
Authors: Liu Shuyang , Jie Jiyang , Yu Jipan , Yang Xiaobo
Published: October 2017

Herein, we reported a novel method to synthesize α‐trifluoromethylated ketones from enol triflates. Involving a cascade sulfur dioxide extrusion and a CF3 (trifluoromethyl) radical addition process, this reaction proceeds at room temperature and is driven by visible light irradiation. This protocol bears good functional group compatibility, which can generate the desired products in good to excellent yields even in gram scale. It is hoped that this approach to generate CF3 radicals from enol triflates can be used in other radical‐involved reactions.

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Lemierre's syndrome presented with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Garcia Laura , Ito Kaori
Published: October 2017

Case

Lemierre's syndrome is a rare clinical condition that is characterized by infected internal jugular vein thrombosis with metastatic septicemia. The most common causative agent is Fusobacterium necrophorum. A previously healthy 37‐year‐old woman presented to our emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She was admitted to the general practice unit with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis then was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit due to shock. Physical examination revealed tenderness on right side of the neck. Blood cultures were remarkable for F. necrophorum. Clinical symptoms led to subsequent ultrasound and computed tomography scan of the neck, confirming internal jugular vein thrombosis.

Outcome

The patient was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks. Anticoagulation therapy was initiated.

Conclusion

We report a case of Lemierre's syndrome that presented as acute pancreatitis. The high index of suspicion of this disease is important for early diagnosis.
Catalytic Hydroalkylation of Allenes
Authors: Lee Mitchell , Nguyen Mary , Brandt Chance , Kaminsky Werner , Lalic Gojko
Published: October 2017

We have developed a catalytic method for the hydroalkylation of allenes using alkyl triflates as electrophiles and silane as a hydride source. The reaction has an excellent substrate scope and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, including esters, aryl halides, aryl boronic esters, sulfonamides, alkyl tosylates, and alkyl bromides. We found evidence for a reaction mechanism that involves unusual dinuclear copper ally complexes as catalytic intermediates. The unusual structure of these complexes provides a rationale for their unexpected reactivity.
Creation of “Rose Petal” and “Lotus Leaf” Effects on Alumina by Surface Functionalization and Metal‐Ion Coordination
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Rahul Dev , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: October 2017

Functional differences between superhydrophobic surfaces, such as lotus leaf and rose petals, are due to the subtle architectural features created by nature. Mimicry of these surfaces with synthetic molecules continues to be fascinating as well as challenging. Herein, we demonstrate how inherently hydrophilic alumina surface can be modified to give two distinct superhydrophobic behaviors. Functionalization of alumina with an organic ligand resulted in a rose‐petal‐like surface (water pinning) with a contact angle of 145° and a high contact angle hysteresis (±69°). Subsequent interaction of the ligand with Zn2+ resulted in a lotus‐leaf‐like surface with water rolling behavior owing to high contact angle (165°) and low‐contact‐angle‐hysteresis (±2°). In both cases, coating of an aromatic bis‐aldehyde with alkoxy chain substituents was necessary to emulate the nanowaxy cuticular feature of natural superhydrophobic materials.
A De Novo Heterodimeric Due Ferri Protein Minimizes the Release of Reactive Intermediates in Dioxygen‐Dependent Oxidation
Authors: Chino Marco , Leone Linda , Maglio Ornella , D'Alonzo Daniele , Pirro Fabio , Pavone Vincenzo , Nastri Flavia , Lombardi Angela
Published: October 2017

Metalloproteins utilize O2 as an oxidant, and they often achieve a 4‐electron reduction without H2O2 or oxygen radical release. Several proteins have been designed to catalyze one or two‐electron oxidative chemistry, but the de novo design of a protein that catalyzes the net 4‐electron reduction of O2 has not been reported yet. We report the construction of a diiron‐binding four‐helix bundle, made up of two different covalently linked α2 monomers, through click chemistry. Surprisingly, the prototype protein, DF‐C1, showed a large divergence in its reactivity from earlier DFs (DF: due ferri, two iron). DFs release the quinone imine and free H2O2 in the oxidation of 4‐aminophenol in the presence of O2, whereas FeIII‐DF‐C1 sequesters the quinone imine into the active site, and catalyzes inside the scaffold an oxidative coupling between oxidized and reduced 4‐aminophenol. The asymmetry of the scaffold allowed a fine‐engineering of the substrate binding pocket, that ensures selectivity.
Changes in Koppen–Trewartha climate classification over South America from RegCM4 projections
Authors: Fernandez Julio P. R. , Franchito Sergio H. , Rao V. Brahmananda , Llopart Marta
Published: October 2017

The Koppen–Trewartha (K–T) classification is used to investigate the biomes change in the future climate over South America (SA). For the middle (2035–2060) and end (2075–2100) of the 21st century mean ensemble of Regional Climate Model version 4 simulations for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario are presented. The global‐coupled models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 drive the members for the period 1970–2100 using different physics configurations. The delta change approach is applied to filter out the bias of the model simulation. Notable changes of the K–T climates are found in SA, mainly in Brazil. Replacement of tropical wet‐dry (Aw) by dry semiarid (Bs) occurs over Northeast Brazil (NEB). Reduction of tropical humid (Ar) and an increase of Aw is projected in the North Brazil and Amazon. Retreat of subtropical humid (Cr) replaced by Aw is found in the Southeast Brazil. An increase of subtropical winter‐dry (Cw) and decrease Cr is noted in Argentina and in Paraguay Cr is replaced by Ar. In the south of SA, a retreat of subarctic oceanic (Eo) and an increase of temperate oceanic (Do) and dry arid (Bw) occur. In general, the projected changes of K–T climate types in the 21st century over SA show a tendency for a drier climate.
Sensorimotor learning and associated visual perception are intact but unrelated in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hayes Spencer J. , Andrew Matthew , Foster Nathan C. , Elliott Digby , Gowen Emma , Bennett Simon J.
Published: October 2017

Humans show an astonishing capability to learn sensorimotor behaviours. However, data from sensorimotor learning experiments suggest the integration of efferent sensorimotor commands, afferent sensorimotor information, and visual consequences of a performed action during learning is different in autism, leading to atypical representation of internal action models. Here, we investigated the generalization of a sensorimotor internal action model formed during sensorimotor learning to a different, but associated, visual perception task. Although motor timing was generally less accurate in adults with autism, following practice with feedback both autistic adults, and controls, significantly improved performance of the movement sequence timing task by reducing timing error. In a subsequent perception task, both groups demonstrated similar temporal‐discrimination accuracy (autism = 75%; control = 76%). Significant correlations between motor timing error, and temporal‐discrimination during a perception task, was found for controls. No significant correlations were found for autistic adults. Our findings indicate that autistic adults demonstrated adaptation by reducing motor timing error through sensorimotor learning. However, the finding of significant correlations between motor timing error and temporal‐discrimination accuracy in the control group only suggests sensorimotor processes underpinning internal action model formation operate differently in autism. Autism Res 2018, 11: 296–304. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

We showed autistic adults learned a new motor skill, and visually judged moving objects, to a similar level of accuracy as a control group. Unlike the control group, there was no relationship between how well autistic adults learned the motor skill, and how well they judged objects. The lack of a relationship might be one of the reasons autistic adults interact differently in the social world.
Crowd‐Sourcing of Membrane Fission
Authors: Manni Marco M. , Derganc Jure , Čopič Alenka
Published: October 2017

Fission of cellular membranes is ubiquitous and essential for life. Complex protein machineries, such as the dynamin and ESCRT spirals, have evolved to mediate membrane fission during diverse cellular processes, for example, vesicle budding. A new study suggests that non‐specialized membrane‐bound proteins can induce membrane fission through mass action due to protein crowding. Because up to 2/3 of the mass of cellular membranes is contributed by proteins, membrane protein crowding is an important physiological parameter. Considering the complexity of membrane shape transitions during a fission reaction, spatial and temporal variability in protein distribution, and the abundance of intrinsically disordered regions in proteins on an invaginating membrane, protein crowding can have diverse consequences for fission in the cell. The question is, how and to what extent this mechanism combines with the action of dedicated fission machineries.
HBxAg suppresses cell apoptosis and promotes the secretion of placental hormones in human placental trophoblasts via activation of the EGFR/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Weimin , Bai Guiqin , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Ting , Li Chen , Yuan Yongxing , Liu Sixue , Wang Caili
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Hepatitis B virus x (HBx) in the growth and secretion of human placental trophoblasts. Firstly, placenta tissues were collected from pregnant HBV carriers with various viral loads. The results of immunohistochemical technique showed that the HBx protein and pEGFR protein levels were both markedly increased with the viral load elevation. Then, a placental trophoblast cell strain (JEG‐3‐HBx), which stably expressed HBx mRNA and protein, was established with the pcDNA‐HBx transfection followed by the G418 selection. The JEG‐3‐HBx strain displayed distinct activation of the EGFR/AKT pathway, a lower level of cell apoptosis, and higher secretion levels of placental hormones, including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, estrogen and β‐endorphin. Subsequently, HBx siRNA was used to silence the HBx gene in the JEG‐3‐HBx strain. Our data showed that the HBx siRNA transfection markedly suppressed the activation of the EGFR/AKT pathway, promoted cell apoptosis, and reduced the secretion of the placental hormones. Finally, EGF was applied to simulate the JEG‐3‐HBx strain with or without the HBx siRNA transfection. EGF treatment counteracted the reduction of cell apoptosis and the suppression of hormone secretion caused by HBx siRNA in the cell strain. In conclusion, the pEGFR protein was robustly upregulated in HBx‐infected human placenta tissues and trophoblast cells. HBx reduces cell apoptosis and promotes the secretion of placental hormones in human placental trophoblast cells via activation of the EGFR/Akt pathway.
Carnosine and N‐acetyl cysteine protect against sodium nitrite‐induced oxidative stress in rat blood
Authors: Ansari Fariheen Aisha , Mahmood Riaz
Published: October 2017

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is widely used in the food industry as a preservative and colorant in meat and fish products. Industrialization and improper agricultural practices have greatly increased human exposure to high nitrite levels, mainly through contaminated drinking water, causing various health disorders. We have investigated the protective effect of carnosine (CAR) and N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) on NaNO2‐induced toxicity in rat blood. CAR is a bioactive dipeptide found in mammalian muscle while NAC is a synthetic sulfhydryl amino acid and an important precursor of glutathione. Animals were given a single acute oral dose of NaNO2 at 60 mg/kg body weight with or without prior administration of either CAR or NAC. Rats were sacrificed after 24 h, blood was withdrawn and plasma and erythrocytes were isolated. Administration of NaNO2 alone increased methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity, decreased the activities of antioxidant defense and metabolic enzymes and significantly weakened the total antioxidant capacity of rat erythrocytes. Similar effects were seen in plasma of NaNO2‐treated rats. In contrast, administration of CAR or NAC, prior to NaNO2 treatment, markedly attenuated the NaNO2‐elicited deleterious effects. Thus, CAR and NAC can mitigate nitrite‐induced metabolic alterations and oxidative damage probably due to their intrinsic biochemical antioxidant properties. This study suggests that CAR and NAC can be potentially used as therapeutic/protective agents against NaNO2 toxicity.
Halide Abstraction Competes with Oxidative Addition in the Reactions of Aryl Halides with [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))4]
Authors: Funes‐Ardoiz Ignacio , Nelson David J. , Maseras Feliu
Published: October 2017

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to study the oxidative addition of aryl halides to complexes of the type [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))4], revealing the crucial role of an open‐shell singlet transition state for halide abstraction. The formation of NiI versus NiII has been rationalised through the study of three different pathways: (i) halide abstraction by [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))3], via an open‐shell singlet transition state; (ii) SN2‐type oxidative addition to [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))3], followed by phosphine dissociation; and (iii) oxidative addition to [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))2]. For the overall reaction between [Ni(PMe3)4], PhCl, and PhI, a microkinetic model was used to show that our results are consistent with the experimentally observed ratios of NiI and NiII when the PEt3 complex is used. Importantly, [Ni(PMenPh(3−n))2] complexes often have little, if any, role in oxidative addition reactions because they are relatively high in energy. The behaviour of [Ni(PR3)4] complexes in catalysis is therefore likely to differ considerably from those based on diphosphine ligands in which two coordinate Ni0 complexes are the key species undergoing oxidative addition.
Molecular Switches for any pH: A Systematic Study of the Versatile Coordination Behaviour of Cyclam Scorpionands
Authors: Lau Yu Heng , Clegg Jack K. , Price Jason R. , Macquart Rene B. , Todd Matthew H. , Rutledge Peter J.
Published: October 2017

Molecular switches have many potential applications in nanoscience and biomedicine. Transition metal complexes that can be switched from an inert, unreactive state to a catalytically active one by a simple change in conditions (e.g. pH shift) or by binding to a specific biomolecular target—so‐called target‐activated metal complexes (TAMCs)—hold particular allure as a means of harnessing the potent but at times indiscriminate reactivity of metal‐based drugs. Towards this goal, we have prepared a series of ten structurally related ligands, each of which bears a different pendant side‐arm functional group appended to a common macrocyclic core, along with copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of these cyclam‐based “molecular scorpionands”. X‐ray crystal structures reveal a variety of binding modes between pendant side‐arm and metal centre that depend on the constituent donor atoms. To investigate the switchability of side‐arm coordination in solution, spectrophotometric pH titrations were carried out for all 20 metal complexes. The majority of the complexes undergo spectroscopic changes that are consistent with a switch in pendant coordination state at a specific pH. This ligand series represents a comprehensive model platform from which to build pH‐switchable metal complexes for applications in nanoscience and biomedicine.
Optimal Design of Experiments Based on Bootstrapping
Authors: Paquet‐Durand Olivier , Hitzmann Bernd
Published: October 2017

In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass eine optimale Versuchsplanung zur Bestimmung kinetischer Parameter mittels Bootstrapping in moderater Zeit durchgeführt werden kann. Als Beispielsystem dient hier eine Folgereaktion erster Ordnung. Bootstrapping zur Parameterfehlerschätzung ist zwar signifikant rechenaufwändiger, bietet aber gegenüber der klassischen Methode, basieren auf der Fisher‐Information, den Vorteil, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichteverteilungen der Parameter nicht als normalverteilt angenommen werden müssen. Auch die Messfehler müssen für Bootstrapping nicht bekannt sein.
Radiation therapy utilization in Medicare beneficiaries with early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Wallace Audrey S. , Keene Kimberley S. , Williams Courtney P. , Jackson Bradford E. , Pisu Maria , Partridge Edward E. , Rocque Gabrielle B.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

There is increasing evidence that radiation therapy (RT) can be omitted for select older patients who are compliant with hormonal blockade, but there is no recent claim‐based analysis for determining patterns of care and guiding possible treatment recommendations.

METHODS

Medicare beneficiaries who were 65 years old or older and were diagnosed with breast cancer at 1 of 12 cancer centers affiliated with an academic center in the southeastern United States were analyzed. Stage 0 or I patients treated with lumpectomy from 2012 to 2014 were identified. Patient, treatment, and center characteristics were analyzed for the utilization of RT.

RESULTS

Among 800 women treated with lumpectomy, 64% received adjuvant radiation. The median age was 74 years. The omission of RT was more likely in older patients, stage 0 patients, and patients with more comorbidities (P < .01). Hormonal blockade was used in 41% of the patients who did not receive RT. The utilization of hormonal blockade with the omission of RT was more likely in patients with fewer comorbidities (P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

In an older cohort of patients who otherwise would have qualified for the omission of radiation, two‐thirds were treated with radiation. Future guideline recommendations should address omission in the context of hormonal blockade compliance because only 41% of the patients used hormonal blockade when radiation was not delivered. Cancer 2018;124:475‐81. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Distinct pattern of TP53 mutations in human immunodeficiency virus–related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Zhao Mei , Trivedi Sanchit , Wang Jiping , Jasser Samar , McDowell Christina , Kadara Humam , Zhang Jiexin , Wang Jing , William William N. , Lee J. Jack , Nguyen Minh Ly , Pai Sara I. , Walline Heather M. , Shin Dong M. , Ferris Robert L. , Carey Thomas E. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Pickering Curtis R. ,   for the Head and Neck Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Supplement Consortium
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Human immunodeficiency virus–infected individuals (HIVIIs) have a higher incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and clinical and histopathological differences have been observed in their tumors in comparison with those of HNSCC patients without a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The reasons for these differences are not clear, and molecular differences between HIV‐related HNSCC and non–HIV‐related HNSCC may exist. This study compared the mutational patterns of HIV‐related HNSCC and non–HIV‐related HNSCC.

METHODS

The DNA of 20 samples of HIV‐related HNSCCs and 32 samples of non–HIV‐related HNSCCs was sequenced. DNA libraries covering exons of 18 genes frequently mutated in HNSCC (AJUBA, CASP8, CCND1, CDKN2A, EGFR, FAT1, FBXW7, HLA‐A, HRAS, KEAP1, NFE2L2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NSD1, PIK3CA, TGFBR2, TP53, and TP63) were prepared and sequenced on an Ion Personal Genome Machine sequencer. DNA sequencing data were analyzed with Ion Reporter software. The human papillomavirus (HPV) status of the tumor samples was assessed with in situ hybridization, the MassARRAY HPV multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, and p16 immunostaining. Mutation calls were compared among the studied groups.

RESULTS

HIV‐related HNSCC revealed a distinct pattern of mutations in comparison with non–HIV‐related HNSCC. TP53 mutation frequencies were significantly lower in HIV‐related HNSCC. Mutations in HIV+ patients tended to be TpC>T nucleotide changes for all mutated genes but especially for TP53.

CONCLUSIONS

HNSCC in HIVIIs presents a distinct pattern of genetic mutations, particularly in the TP53 gene. HIV‐related HNSCC may have a distinct biology, and an effect of the HIV virus on the pathogenesis of these tumors should not be ruled out. Cancer 2018;124:84‐94. © 2017 American Cancer Society.