bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hermenéutica como discurso arquitectónico.
Authors: Pérez-Gómez Alberto
Published: October 2024

La hermenéutica juega un papel crucial en la arquitectura, enfatizando la interpretación y el significado más allá de la construcción física. La arquitectura no es solo una respuesta a necesidades prácticas, sino una expresión de la condición humana, abordando temas de mortalidad y trascendencia. El “universo discursivo” de la arquitectura contribuye a nuestra comprensión de nosotros mismos y a nuestra salud psicosomática, ofreciendo un espacio comunicativo que nos permite reconocernos como seres completos. Históricamente, la teoría arquitectónica ha evolucionado desde un enfoque en la ciencia aplicada hacia un reconocimiento de la importancia de los valores éticos y culturales. La tendencia moderna hacia la eficiencia tecnológica y el hedonismo ha llevado a entornos urbanos que a menudo ignoran estos valores, resultando en espacios alienantes. Por lo tanto, la teoría arquitectónica debe reorientarse hacia un discurso que articule las funciones éticas y poéticas de la arquitectura y el diseño urbano. Vitrubio destacó la importancia de principios estables y conocimiento práctico, sugiriendo que la arquitectura debe basarse en una comprensión profunda del cosmos y de la experiencia humana. La teoría arquitectónica debe, por lo tanto, incorporar la narrativa y el significado cultural, permitiendo a los arquitectos expresar su posición y diseñar con responsabilidad para el bien común.
Posterior tooth anatomy: wax carving. Part 2
Authors: Mackenzie Louis
Published: October 2024

This second article in the two-part series on wax carving provides a step-by-step guide focusing on the coronal anatomy of whole posterior teeth. The exercises are primarily designed to help clinicians simulate and master the carving and shaping of extensive dental amalgam and posterior resin composite restorations, as well as for use in designing fixed and removable prosthodontic restorations.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge and understanding of the anatomy of posterior teeth is a key skill in dentistry.
Metabolic syndrome and patient-reported outcome two years after hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sørensen Rasmus R. , Timm Signe , Rasmussen Lasse E. , Brasen Claus L. , Varnum Claus
Published: October 2024

Aims

The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the outcome after hip and knee arthroplasty is debated. We aimed to investigate the change in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores after hip and knee arthroplasty, comparing patients with and without MetS.

Methods

From 1 May 2017 to 30 November 2019, a prospective cohort of 2,586 patients undergoing elective unilateral hip and knee arthroplasty was established in Denmark. Data from national registries and a local database were used to determine the presence of MetS. Patients’ scores on Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at baseline, three, 12, and 24 months after surgery were collected. Primary outcome was the difference between groups from baseline to 12 months in OHS and OKS. Secondary outcomes were scores of OHS and OKS at three and 24 months and EQ-5D-5L, UCLA Activity Scale, and FJS at three, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Generalized linear mixed model was applied, adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and smoking to present marginal mean and associated 95% CIs.

Results

A total of 62.3% (1,611/2,586) of the cohort met the criteria for MetS. Both groups showed similar increase in mean OHS (MetS group 22.5 (95% CI 21.8 to 23.1), non-MetS group 22.1 (21.3 to 22.8); p = 0.477) and mean OKS (MetS group 18.0 (17.4 to 18.6), non-MetS group 17.8 (17.0 to 18.7); p = 0.722) at 12 months' follow-up. Between groups, similar improvements were seen for OHS and OKS at three and 24 months postoperatively and for the mean EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), UCLA Activity Scale, and FJS at every timepoint.

Conclusion

Patients meeting the criteria for MetS obtain the same improvement in PROM scores as individuals without MetS up to 24 months after hip and knee arthroplasty. This is important for the clinician to take into account when assessing and advising patients with MetS.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1074–1083.
The outcomes of surgical treatment of complex radial head fractures
Authors: Jakobi Tim , Krieg Inke , Gramlich Yves , Sauter Matthias , Schnetz Matthias , Hoffmann Reinhard , Klug Alexander
Published: October 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of complex radial head fractures at mid-term follow-up, and determine whether open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or radial head arthroplasty (RHA) should be recommended for surgical treatment.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for complex radial head fractures (Mason type III, ≥ three fragments) were divided into two groups (ORIF and RHA) and propensity score matching was used to individually match patients based on patient characteristics. Ultimately, 84 patients were included in this study. After a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (2.0 to 9.5), patients were invited for clinical and radiological assessment. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Oxford Elbow Score (OES), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score were evaluated.

Results

Patients treated with ORIF showed significantly better postoperative range of motion for flexion and extension (121.1° (SD 16.4°) vs 108.1° (SD 25.8°); p = 0.018). Postoperative functional scores also showed significantly better results in the ORIF group (MEPS 90.1 (SD 13.6) vs 78 (SD 20.5); p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the complication rate (RHA 23.8% (n = 10) vs ORIF 26.2% (n = 11)). Implant-related complications occurred in six cases (14.3%) in the RHA group and in five cases (11.9%) in the ORIF group.

Conclusion

Irrespective of the patient’s age, sex, type of injury, or number of fracture fragments, ORIF of the radial head should be attempted initially, if a stable reconstruction can be achieved, as it seems to provide a superior postoperative outcome for the patient compared to primary RHA. If reconstruction is not feasible, RHA is still a viable alternative. In the surgical treatment of complex radial head fractures, reconstruction shows superior postoperative outcomes compared to RHA. Good postoperative results can be achieved even after failed reconstruction and conversion to secondary RHA. Therefore, we encourage surgeons to favour reconstruction of complex radial head fractures, regardless of injury type or number of fragments, as long as a stable fixation can be achieved.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(10):1158–1164.
Low incidence of acute kidney injury with combined intravenous and topical antibiotic infusions in periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mu Wenbo , Xu Boyong , Wang Fei , Maimaitiaimaier Yilixiati , Zou Chen , Cao Li
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with combined intravenous (IV) and topical antibiotic therapy in patients undergoing treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), utilizing the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for classification.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 162 knees (162 patients) that received treatment for PJI post-TKA with combined IV and topical antibiotic infusions at a single academic hospital from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2022. The incidence of AKI was evaluated using the KDIGO criteria, focussing on the identification of significant predictors and the temporal pattern of AKI development.

Results

AKI was identified in 9.26% (15/162) of the cohort, predominantly presenting as stage 1 AKI, which was transient in nature and resolved prior to discharge. The analysis highlighted moderate anaemia and lower baseline serum creatinine levels as significant predictors for the development of AKI. Notably, the study found no instances of severe complications such as wound dehiscence, skin erosion, or the need for haemodialysis following treatment.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the combined use of IV and topical antibiotic therapy in the management of PJIs post-TKA is associated with a low incidence of primarily transient stage 1 AKI. This indicates a potentially favourable renal safety profile, advocating for further research to confirm these outcomes and potentially influence treatment protocols in PJI management.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(10):525–534.
Success Factors for Conceptual Digital Voting Model
Authors: Dabpimjub Danai , Kiattisin Supaporn
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of technology in the digital age, blockchain technology has evolved into a technology critical to delivering secure and reliable decentralized applications. An application that has brought blockchain technology is elections to close the gap in traditional elections for transparency and credibility However, in COVID-19, bringing this technology to change elections allows access to all citizens to be able to vote. This research uses a structural equation model (SEM) questionnaire to explore the success factors of election implementation using blockchain technology was analysed from 400 voters who responded to the questionnaire using Mplus Version 7. This research has prepared a conceptual model supporting the effecting factors in implementing an election system using blockchain technology with voters The researcher has created an electoral system using blockchain technology that is readily available. Technology acceptance factor and credibility were utilized from the voters’ point of view in 9 Factors. Those interested in applying the model to improve elections using blockchain technology can study to improve elections. In addition, Conceptual model ideas were used to develop a model for acceptance and trust in elections using blockchain technology.
Importance of Digital Adoption for Workforce in Various Sectors: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Janthanu Worachanatip , Ayuthaya Smitti Darakorn Na , Kiattisin Supaporn
Published: October 2024

This article aims to explore the significance of applying digital adoption for the workforce in different sectors, including construction, manufacturing, services, and agriculture. By analysing globally accepted statistics and scholarly articles, we present a comprehensive overview of the impact of digital adoption of mobile application on both blue-collar and white-collar workers. The findings emphasize the transformative power of digital technologies and highlight the potential benefits and challenges associated with their implementation of digital application and mobile application in each sector. This research underscores the need for strategic planning and effective training to maximize the advantages of digital adoption across diverse industries.
Investigation of ultrashort pulse written higher order VBG with extended apertures
Authors: Siems Malte P. , Richter Daniel , Krämer Ria G. , Schwartz Georg R. , Nolte Stefan
Published: October 2024

In this paper we investigate higher order femtosecond written VBG in fused silica. Focus of this investigation will be on the influence of the Bragg order on the properties across the aperture of the VBG.
Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Sensing for Energy Infrastructure Applications
Authors: Ohodnicki Paul R. , Naeem Khurram , Zhang Pengdi , Su Yang-Duan , Karki Dolendra , Lalam N. , Wright R.
Published: October 2024

Fiber optic sensing technologies show unique relevance for energy infrastructure sensing. Prevalence for such a broad set of applications results in part from inherent advantages of fiber optic-based sensing modalities as compared to traditional electrical sensor platforms, as well as flexibility of the platform to be tailored towards unique attributes and requirements of different applications. A non-exhaustive overview of several emerging trends within the field of optical fiber sensing technology and energy infrastructure monitoring is presented, including both recent results as well as future pathways for further development and technological innovations leading to potential commercial viability. More specifically, we emphasize recent advances in: (1) Distributed and quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing technology for structural health monitoring through fusion with traditional acoustic non-destructive evaluation methods; (2) Combination with commercial wireless sensing technologies for asset health monitoring applications; and (3) combination of multimode interferometric sensing devices with engineered sensing materials for novel applications measuring non-traditional parameters such as magnetic fields.
Developing Robust Optical Fibre Sensors for use in Hostile Sewer Environments
Authors: Anderson Lachlan , Dekker Peter , Bustamante Heriberto , Kuen Thomas , Withford Michael J. , Ams Martin
Published: October 2024

We report robust fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors that optically measure environmental conditions in concrete wastewater networks over long periods. We also demonstrate an optical fibre dew point sensor.
Beyond 2 μm Bragg grating components for monolithic fiber lasers
Authors: Theodosiou Antreas , Aubrecht Jan , Peterka Pavel , Kalli Kyriacos , Sapir-Henderson Ori
Published: October 2024

We report on our latest results on the inscription of uniform and blazed fiber Bragg gratings in fluoride and silica optical fibers for monolithic SWIR fiber lasers.
Radiation Induced Refractive Index Change in Optical Fibres through Rayleigh-OFDR and FBG Techniques
Authors: Perrot J. , Hainsworth J. , Marin E. , Morana A. , Ouerdane Y. , Boukenter A. , Boiron H. , Bertrand J. , Girard S.
Published: October 2024

This study compares radiation-induced refractive index variations in SMF-28e+ fibres using Type II femtosecond-inscribed FBGs and R-OFDR techniques. It aims to understand femtosecond laser pulse effects on fibre core composition and behaviour in harsh environment.
Low-cost Egg White Based Whispering Gallery Mode Micro-laser
Authors: Luo Yang , Huang Jun-Hua , Wang Jian-Kun , Chen Geng-Liang , Zheng Guo-Liang , Zhang Xu-Hui
Published: October 2024

We present a protein microsphere laser by dehydration by mixing egg white with dye solution, and analyze the data of its optical characterization measurement, which verifies that it has great potential for application in bio-microlaser.
Time-bin entangled photons for scalable quantum information processing
Authors: Sciara Stefania , Yu Hao , Chemnitz Mario , Monika Monika , Nosrati Farzam , George Agnes , Montaut Nicola , Fischer Bennet , Crockett Benjamin , Helsten Robin , Wetzel Benjamin , Goebel Thorsten A. , Krämer Ria G. , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Nolte Stefan , Wang Zhiming , Azaña José , Munro William J. , Moss David J. , Peschel Ulf , Franco Rosario Lo , Morandotti Roberto
Published: October 2024

Encoding information in photonic time bin enables quantum technologies compatible with both integrated and fiber frameworks. Here, we demonstrate time-bin entangled qudits in a programmable photonic chip and in a fully fibered coupled loop system.
Passive Radiative Cooling with High-Mass Roof and Temperature-Driven Ventilation
Authors: Fortin Remy , Mandal Jyotirmoy , Craig Salmaan
Published: October 2024

A reduced-scale model building uses a daytime radiative cooling coating (ɑ
solar
~ 0.97, ε
LWIR
~ 0.94) on a high-mass, uninsulated roof without a convection guard to produce stable indoor temperatures and temperature-driven ventilation.
High fiber-to-fiber gain low noise figure erbium doped waveguide amplifiers in the manufacturable Al2O3 platform
Authors: Osornio-Martinez C. E. , Bonneville D. B. , Dijkstra M. , Garcia-Blanco S. M.
Published: October 2024

Erbium doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) with performance approaching fiber amplifiers (i.e., net fiber-to-fiber gain (~17 dB), noise figure (~6 dB) and off-chip output power (~15 dBm) in the manufacturable Al2O3 integrated photonics platform are reported.
Reference wavelength comb based on High Order Fiber Bragg Grating for FBG optical interrogators
Authors: Cotillard Romain , Roussel Nicolas
Published: October 2024

We use a High Order Fiber Bragg Grating as an all-fiber reference wavelength comb for a FBG measurement system based on a tunable VCSEL source.
Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Polarization-Controllable DBR Fiber Lasers for Harsh Environmental Sensing
Authors: Xu Xizhen , He Jun , Chen Runxiao , Wang Yiping
Published: October 2024

We propose the fabrication of polarization-controllable DBR FLs by using a slit beam shaping femtosecond laser point-by-point technology. Experimental results show the fabricated DBR FL can withstand a high temperature up to 800 ℃.
Robust Structural Design and Fabrication of High-Efficiency Functional Metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Po-Jui , Lu Chia-Wei , Wu Chin-Chuan , Hsieh Wen-Chin , Wu Chung-Chih
Published: October 2024

Incomplete etching of nanostructures would reduce transmission of metasurfaces by 10%-20%. By over-etching the nanostructures, transmission can reach a value similar to or even higher than the nanostructures being precisely etched to the substrate surface.
Higher Order Mode Analysis in Frequency Selective Negative Curvature Fibers
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Zain , Akosman Ahmet E. , Ordu Mustafa
Published: October 2024

A novel negative curvature hollow-core fiber is numerically designed capable of filtering specific frequencies. The six-tube silica fiber strongly favors fundamental mode transmission over higher order modes despite uneven positioning of cladding elements.
Over Two-octave Supercontinuum Generation for OAM19,1Mode in Air-core Ring Fiber
Authors: Wu Xiaoke , Wang Pengfei , Yang Jian , Liu Yuanpeng , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: October 2024

An air-core ring fiber with flat and near-zero dispersion is designed and simulated for broadband OAM19,1 supercontinuum generation. A 2410-nm supercontinuum is formed from 770 nm to 3180 nm at -40 dB, covering more than 2-octave bandwidth.
Graphdiyne Oxide as a Promising Candidate for Nonlinear Optical Switching Applications
Authors: Wu Leiming
Published: October 2024

Graphene oxide demonstrates a significant nonlinear optical response with light intensity dependence upon stimulation by light waves. Taking advantage of this characteristic, graphyne oxide shows important application value in optical switching.
Epsilon near zero metasurfaces (ENZ) at visible wavelengths
Authors: Alhamdan I.R , Schulz S.A.
Published: October 2024

Here we showcase a multilayer structure metasurface incorporating an epsilon near zero (ENZ) material. The simulation results prove the tendency of this structure to operate with high efficiency and tunability in the visible range.
Diffuse correlation tomography: a technique to characterize tissue blood flow abnormalities in benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi , Lu Jianju , Di Wenqi , Gui Zhiguo , Chan Shun Wan , Yang Fengbao , Shang Yu
Published: October 2024

Accurate assessment and quantification of neoangiogenesis associated with breast cancer could be potentially used to improve the sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive diagnosis, as well as predict outcomes and monitor treatment effects. In this study, we adapted an emerging technology, namely diffuse correlation tomography (DCT), to image microvascular blood flow in breast tissues and evaluate the potential for discriminating between benign and malignant lesions. A custom-made DCT system was designed for breast blood flow imaging, with both the source-detector array and reconstruction algorithm optimized to ensure precise imaging of breast blood flow. The global features and local features of three-dimensional blood flow images were extracted from the relative blood flow index (rBFI), which was obtained from most of the breasts targeted to the lesion. A total of 37 women with 19 benign and 18 malignant lesions were included in the study. Significant differences between malignant and benign groups were found in 12 image features. Moreover, when selecting the lesion mean relative blood flow index (MrBFI) as a single indicator, the malignant and benign tumors were discriminated with an accuracy of 89.2%. The blood flow features were found to successfully identify malignant and benign tumors, suggesting that DCT, as an alternate functional imaging modality, has the potential to be translated into clinical practice for diagnosis and assessment of breast cancers. There is potential to reduce the need for biopsy of benign lesions by improving the specificity of diagnostic imaging, as well as monitoring response to breast cancer treatment.
Hybrid Digital PAM and 60 GHz Analog Radio over Fiber Optical Spectrum as a Service Applications
Authors: Dass Devika , Gautum Anil Raj , Venkatasubramani Lakshmi Narayanan , Barry Liam , Browning Colm , Kilper Dan , Ruffini Marco
Published: October 2024

We experimentally study transmission of digitally multiplexed 15 GBd PAM-8, wideband 16-QAM OFDM (WiGig) and narrowband 64-QAM OFDM (5G NR) waveforms over a 10 km fiber, undergoing up-conversion to 60 GHz and achieving FEC limited performance.
Coherent PON for Optical Access Networks Evolution beyond 50G-PON
Authors: Talli Giuseppe , Palmer Robert , Cano Ivan
Published: October 2024

Coherent PON is a promising candidate for the next generation VHSP-PON systems, which could support net data rates beyond 200Gb/s per wavelength, maintain coexistence with previous generations, and enable new services.
On the temperature dependence of photo-structural changes in chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Lucas Pierre
Published: October 2024

It is shown that while photo-structural changes in chalcogenide glasses are unquestionably optically induced, there is also clear evidence that many of these changes are thermally facilitated even at moderate laser power.
Near-Ultraviolet to Midwave Infrared devices for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing
Authors: Sorace-Agaskar Cheryl , Bruzewicz Colin , Callahan Patrick , Heidelberger Christopher , Kharas Dave , Loh William , Mahony Thomas , Maxson Ryan , McConnell Robert , Medeiros Alexander , Morgan Rachel , Sumant Alkesh , Schuldt Meghan , Swint Reuel , Cahoy Kerri , Notaros Jelena , Chiaverini John , Juodawlkis Paul
Published: October 2024

This talk reviews photonic integrated circuit materials, devices and integration techniques developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory to support the needs of next generation quantum systems across the wavelength spectrum from the near-ultraviolet to the midwave-infrared.
Optimising liquid crystal alignment via image gradient analysis
Authors: Feng Zihan , Almasri Reem , Al Abed Amr , Ladouceur François
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the quantification of liquid crystal alignment, crucial for optimising optoelectronic devices. By using image processing techniques, we facilitate the quantification of alignment thus facilitating the identification of alignment-related issues during device fabrication.
Coupled Microdisk Cavities: Emission Patterns from Circular versus Deformed Geometries
Authors: Rodemund Tom Simon , Chormaic Síle Nic , Hentschel Martina
Published: October 2024

In this work, we discuss mode-dependent chiral effects that appear when two dielectric limaçon cavities are coupled to each other via their optical fields, leading to far-field emission directionality.
Promoting light localization of topological edge states via weak nonlinearity
Authors: Huang Xiaoqin , Wang Zhaoyuan , Hu Yi , Xu Jingjun
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate that a weak optical nonlinearity can further enhance the localization of topological edge states. As opposite to the reported nonlinearly-induced spreading of these states, our work introduces a solution coordinating nonlinearity and topology.
An Ultrafast All-Optical Switch With an Epsilon-Near-Zero-Based Nanocavity
Authors: Vaddi Yaswant , Lim Theng-Loo , Alam M. Zahirul , Vangala Shivashankar R. , Upham Jeremy , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Boyd Robert W.
Published: October 2024

We experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast all-optical switch using a 1D, non-linear nanocavity with an epsilon-near-zero mirror. The switch exhibits a 10 dB modulation depth over a large spectral range.
All-Dielectric Huygens’ Metawaveguides for Nonlinear Integrated Photonics
Authors: Flizikowski G.A.S , Oner O.W. , dos Santos L.F. , Bin-Alam M.S. , Pertsch T. , Staude I. , Schmid J.H. , Cheben P. , Dolgaleva K.
Published: October 2024

We have experimentally demonstrated the compensation of nonlinear optical effects by a silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic metawaveguide comprising a chain of resonantly forward-scattering nanoparticles, exhibiting soliton-like behavior and spectral pulse integrity.
Study of composite optical nanofibers for 2nd and 3rd order nonlinearities
Authors: Azzoune Abderrahim , Bouhadida Maha , Dampt Théo , Divay Laurent , Fauvel Mathieu , Larat Christian , Beugnot Jean-Charles , Lebrun Sylvie
Published: October 2024

We present the design of composite optical nanofibers coated with different nonlinear materials (PMMA, PMMA/DR1 and TiO2) for the realization of new all-solid Raman wavelength converters and sources of correlated photon pairs having an efficiency enhanced by a factor of 1000 compared to bare nanofibers. Two coating processes have been successfully developed, inducing only relatively low losses comprised between 0.5 dB and 1.76 dB.
All-fiber broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in As2S3-polycarbonate hybrid microtaper
Authors: Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Alamgir Imtiaz , Rochette Martin
Published: October 2024

We present an all-fiber supercontinuum source spanning over the spectral range of 1.2-3.9 µm from an As2S3-polycarbonate hybrid microtaper. This is the broadest supercontinuum obtained from a robust polymer clad hybrid microtaper.
Simultaneous Modal Phase- and Group Velocity Matching for Frequency Tripling and Consecutive Cascaded Wave Mixing
Authors: Tishchenko Artemii , Berghmans Francis , Baghdasaryan Tigran
Published: October 2024

We show numerically the feasibility to achieve doubly phase-matched cascaded four-wave mixing in high GeO2-content microstructured optical fibers. The first stage of said cascade involves simultaneous modal phase and group velocity matching-based third harmonic generation.
Over 2.5-octave OAM Supercontinuum Generation in ZBLAN Ring-core Fiber
Authors: Ren Haoyang , Geng Wenpu , Yang Jian , Wang Yuetian , Pan Zhongqi , Yue Yang
Published: October 2024

A low dispersion ring-core ZBLAN fiber is designed and simulated for broadband OAM supercontinuum generation. A 4117-nm supercontinuum is generated spanning from 863 nm to 4980 nm at -40 dB, covering a bandwidth over 2.5-octave.
Fabrication of black metal surface for high solar energy absorption by femtosecond laser hybrid technology
Authors: Liu Zijian , Hu Zhiyong , Qi Jinyong , Li Chao , Wang Yan , Qian Mengdan , Liu Xueqing
Published: October 2024

Metals are crucial for solar energy applications, but their highly reflective surfaces limit solar energy absorption. The difficulty in manufacturing an ideal light-absorbing structure limits the incorporation of anti-reflective characteristics in metals. In this study, a femtosecond laser method was introduced to form micro-nano structures in metals, enhancing absorption by the application of silver nanoparticles and resulting in solar absorption rates of 97.2%, 98.3%, and 98.9% for aluminum, titanium, and steel, respectively. The solar reflectance was reduced by 82.3%, 62.6%, and 79.2%, respectively, compared to bare metal. Photothermal conversion and deicing tests verified a more efficient photothermal conversion ability in the composite micro-nanostructure surface. Compared to bare metal, the structure has more than twice the solar absorption efficiency and improves the deicing efficiency by 132%. The resultant material exhibits high photothermal conversion and deicing efficiencies, enhancing its potential for solar energy applications, particularly in photothermal, photovoltaic, and thermal solar technologies.
Dispersion-managed mode-locked Tm:ZBLAN fiber lasers
Authors: Kawase Hiroki , Takano Junya , Noguchi Riko , Fuji Takao
Published: October 2024

We demonstrated a dispersion-managed 2 µm ultrafast laser based on Tm:ZBLAN fiber. By controlling intracavity net dispersion using passive fibers, we observed soliton, stretched-pulse, and dissipative-soliton mode-locked operations. In particular, the broadest output spectrum with a bandwidth at 30 dB below the peak of 320 nm and a pulse duration of 61 fs were obtained at a net dispersion of −0.010 ps2. These results revealed the relationship between net dispersion and spectral bandwidth in Tm:ZBLAN mode-locked lasers. To accurately estimate the net dispersion of the cavity, the dispersion of each fiber in the cavity was experimentally determined using a cross-correlation method with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Noble Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) Materials for Solar Cells: A Viable Alternative to Conventional TCOs
Authors: Koida Takashi
Published: October 2024

Two transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films of interest in the solar cell field are highlighted: high-mobility In2O3-based TCOs currently in production lines and the indium-free, highly conductive amorphous SnO2 films discovered recently in the laboratory.
Investigation into the use of gas permeation to control the gas composition and pressure within hollow-core fibers
Authors: Srinivasan Kavitha , Kelly Thomas W. , Pradhan Somarpita , Davidson Ian A. , Slavík Radan , Horak Peter , Wheeler Natalie V.
Published: October 2024

We investigate, both via simulations and experiments, a new approach for gas purging in hollow-core fibers based on side permeation of helium gas into the fiber’s microstructure and subsequent pressure-driven flow along the fiber core.
Sealing Purged Mid-Infrared Hollow-Core Fibers
Authors: Fu Q. , Kelly T. W. , Meng J. , Jung Y. , Poletti F. , Wheeler N. V. , Davidson I. A.
Published: October 2024

We report two practical methods for sealing purged mid-infrared (3-4.6 μm) anti-resonant, hollow-core fibers and demonstrate that inert gas purging significantly reduces loss, which is effectively maintained by sealing.
Scaling of stimulated Raman scattering and molecular modulation in hollow anti-resonant fibers
Authors: Arcos Pau , Mena Arturo , Sánchez-Hernández María , Berganza Amaia , Garcia-Ramiro Begoña , Zubia Joseba , Novoa David
Published: October 2024

We report a scaling methodology for Raman molecular modulation dynamics in gas-filled anti-resonant fibers. The dephasing-gain length ratio allows complex nonlinear propagation dynamics to be reproduced with high fidelity under very different input conditions.
Distributed Hydrogen Sensing and Leak Detection Using Draw-Tower Fabricated Optical Fiber
Authors: Alomari Sandy , Tow Kenny Hey , Pereira Joao , Antikainen Ari , Weldehawariat Tedros , Hartmann Korina , Nieuwland Remco , Claesson Åsa
Published: October 2024

A long length distributed hydrogen sensor was demonstrated for the first time, using a draw-tower fabricated optical fiber with a sensor coating that reacts exothermically in the presence of hydrogen in air.
A New Simplified Bend Loss Model For Polarizing Optical Fibers
Authors: Gillooly Andy , Hill Mark , De Con Jose Maria Alvarez
Published: October 2024

A simplified numerical bend loss model is presented to predict the performance of polarizing optical fibers in the spectral domain. Theoretical calculation are compared to experimental results and shown to give a close approximation.
Effects of Package Layout on Active Fibre Absorption
Authors: Merlas Mihai-Stefan , Vukovic Natasha , Codemard Christophe A. , Zervas Michalis N.
Published: October 2024

We investigate numerically the impact of layout in the absorption in double clad fibres. We find that the local curvature and its variation along the fibre length are the key parameters, defining the total pump absorption.
Scenarios for DSP Evolution in Long Haul Optical Communication Systems
Authors: Lavery Domaniç , Varughese Siddharth , Mertz Pierre , Sun Han
Published: October 2024

We discuss how changing market requirements and the availability of coherent pluggable modules present challenges for DSP development. Possible development paths for DSP in coherent, long-haul transmission systems are discussed.
Fully Generalized Machine Learning-Based Equalization in Coherent Optical Transmission
Authors: Lennard Samuel , Barbosa Fabio A. , Ferreira Filipe
Published: October 2024

We introduce a novel training paradigm for machine learning-based equalization with-out any online training for dual-polarization IQ-modulated signals. Lab transmission of 30Gbaud DP-16-QAM has shown this equalizer matching conventional DSP over a range of conditions.
RL-Based Digital Pre-distortion for Drive Signals in Non-Differentiable Channel
Authors: Rabiepoor Arash , Rusch Leslie A. , Zeng Ming
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a novel digital pre-distortion based on deep reinforcement learning to combat instantaneous nonlinearities in electrical back-to-back communication systems. Simulation results demonstrate its superiority over the case without DPD in terms of bit error rate performance.
Digital-Analog Mobile Fronthaul with Efficient SNR Scaling
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Zhang Chenbo , Fang Xiansong , Xu Yicheng , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Fan , Zhuge Qunbi , Xie Xiaopeng , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2024

We overview the principle of hybrid digital-analog radio-over-fiber technique for high-fidelity and high spectral efficiency mobile fronthaul. The SNR scaling law is theoretically derived and compared with the existing radio-over-fiber techniques.
Diversity of Chagas disease diagnostic antigens: Successes and limitations
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tapan , Murphy Niamh , Miles Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a public health issue in endemic regions of the Americas, and is becoming globalised due to migration. In the chronic phase, 2 accordant serological tests are required for diagnosis. In addition to “in-house” assays, commercial tests are available (principally ELISA and rapid diagnostic tests). Herein, we discuss the discovery era of defined T. cruzi serological antigens and their utilisation in commercialised tests. A striking feature is the re-discovery of the same antigens from independent studies, and their overlapping use among commonly reported commercial serological tests. We also consider reports of geographical variation in assay sensitivity and areas for refinement including applications to congenital diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and lineage-specific antigens.
PD1CD28 chimeric molecule enhances EGFRvⅢ specific CAR-T cells in xenograft experiments in mouse models
Authors: Chen Wanqiong , Xian Na , Zhao Ningning , Zhang Qiong , Xu Yunlu
Published: October 2024

Over the years, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating hematological malignancies. However, this efficacy has not been replicated in the context of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, a PD1CD28 chimeric molecule was introduced into EGFRvⅢ-directed CAR-T cells, generating EGFRvⅢ-P2A-PD1CD28 CAR-T cells. Notably, this modification significantly increased IL-2 secretion and enhanced antigen-dependent activation of CAR-T cells, especially when programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was present in vitro. In addition, the in vivo xenograft experiments revealed that the PD1CD28 chimeric molecule played a pivotal role in reducing recurrence rates, effectively controlling recurrent tumor volume, and ultimately prolonging the survival of mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that EGFRvⅢ-directed CAR-T cells co-expressing the PD1CD28 chimeric molecule have the potential to significantly enhance the treatment efficacy against GBM.
GenerRNA: A generative pre-trained language model for de novo RNA design
Authors: Zhao Yichong , Oono Kenta , Takizawa Hiroki , Kotera Masaaki
Published: October 2024

The design of RNA plays a crucial role in developing RNA vaccines, nucleic acid therapeutics, and innovative biotechnological tools. However, existing techniques frequently lack versatility across various tasks and are dependent on pre-defined secondary structure or other prior knowledge. To address these limitations, we introduce GenerRNA, a Transformer-based model inspired by the success of large language models (LLMs) in protein and molecule generation. GenerRNA is pre-trained on large-scale RNA sequences and capable of generating novel RNA sequences with stable secondary structures, while ensuring distinctiveness from existing sequences, thereby expanding our exploration of the RNA space. Moreover, GenerRNA can be fine-tuned on smaller, specialized datasets for specific subtasks, enabling the generation of RNAs with desired functionalities or properties without requiring any prior knowledge input. As a demonstration, we fine-tuned GenerRNA and successfully generated novel RNA sequences exhibiting high affinity for target proteins. Our work is the first application of a generative language model to RNA generation, presenting an innovative approach to RNA design.
Pre-operative prediction of BCR-free survival with mRNA variables in prostate cancer
Authors: O’Donnell Autumn , Cronin Michael , Moghaddam Shirin , Wolsztynski Eric
Published: October 2024

Technological innovation yielded opportunities to obtain mRNA expression data for prostate cancer (PCa) patients even prior to biopsy, which can be used in a precision medicine approach to treatment decision-making. This can apply in particular to predict the risk of, and time to biochemical recurrence (BCR). Most mRNA-based models currently proposed to this end are designed for risk classification and post-operative prediction. Effective pre-operative prediction would facilitate early treatment decision-making, in particular by indicating more appropriate therapeutic pathways for patient profiles who would likely not benefit from a systematic prostatectomy regime. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to leverage mRNA information pre-operatively for BCR-free survival prediction. To do this, we considered time-to-event machine learning (ML) methodologies, rather than classification models at a specific survival horizon. We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 135 patients with clinical follow-up data and mRNA information comprising over 26,000 features (data accessible at NCBI GEO database, accession GSE21032). The performance of ML models including random survival forest, boosted and regularised Cox models were assessed, in terms of model discrimination, calibration, and predictive accuracy for overall, 3-year and 5-year survival, aligning with common clinical endpoints. Results showed that the inclusion of mRNA information could yield a gain in performance for pre-operative BCR prediction. ML-based time-to-event models significantly outperformed reference nomograms that used only routine clinical information with respect to all metrics considered. We believe this is the first study proposing pre-operative transcriptomics models for BCR prediction in PCa. External validation of these findings, including confirmation of the mRNA variables identified as potential key predictors in this study, could pave the way for pre-operative precision nomograms to facilitate timely personalised clinical decision-making.
Glomerular filtration rate determined by measuring serum clearance of iohexol in unanesthetized cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with comparison to serum symmetric dimethylarginine
Authors: Lordi Nicholas , Bapodra-Villaverde Priya , Flint Mark
Published: October 2024

One of the more common diseases affecting zoo-managed cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) is chronic renal disease, which can impact their welfare and ultimately shortens their lifespan. Early diagnosis, for which estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is one such tool, is imperative to help mitigate the negative impacts of this insidious disease. GFR was determined by measuring the serum clearance of iohexol in nine clinically normal, cheetahs managed under human care that presented for voluntary blood collection. A 2-sample iohexol clearance method was performed, along with serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) determination. SDMA has shown promise in humans, dogs, and cats, as an early biomarker of renal disease. Additionally, the relationship between GFR and SDMA, along with serum creatinine and BUN were analyzed. The mean values for the uncorrected GFR and corrected GFR were 2.08 ± 0.215 mL/min/kg body weight and 1.87 ± 0.173 mL/min/kg body weight, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between GFR, SDMA, serum creatinine, or BUN. Both the uncorrected and corrected iohexol-based GFR values were similar to an inulin-based GFR reference interval determined in zoo managed cheetahs and a reported domestic cat iohexol-based GFR reference interval. Serum SDMA values support previous research suggesting cheetahs have a separate reference interval from domestic cats (0–14 μg/dL). Measuring GFR by the serum clearance of iohexol shows promise as a readily available, cheap, and easily administered clearance marker that can be used in cheetahs trained for voluntary blood collection, thereby avoiding the need for anesthesia.
The importance of IFNα2A (Roferon-A) in HSV-1 latency and T cell exhaustion in ocularly infected mice
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Jaggi Ujjaldeep , Katsumata Makoto , Ghiasi Homayon
Published: October 2024

Published studies have generated compelling results indicating that type I IFN modulates function of HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT). One member of type I IFN is IFNα2A also called Roferon-A). IFNα2A has been used in monotherapy or in combination therapy with other drugs to treat viral infections and different kinds of cancer in humans. The goal of this study was to determine whether the absence of IFNα2A affects primary and latent infections in ocularly infected mice. Therefore, we generated a mouse strain lacking IFNα2A expression (IFNα2A-/-). Ocular HSV-1 replication, IFN and immune cell expressions on days 3 and 5 post infection (PI), as well as eye disease, survival, latency-reactivation, and T cell exhaustion were evaluated in ocularly infected IFNα2A-/- and wild type (WT) control mice. Absence of IFNα2A did not affect other members of the IFNα family but it affected IFNβ and IFNγ expressions as well as some immune cells on day 5 PI compared to WT mice. Viral replication in the eye, eye disease, and survival amongst ocularly infected IFNα2A-/- mice were similar to that of WT infected mice. The absence of IFNα2A significantly reduced the levels of latency and T cell exhaustion but not time of reactivation compared with control mice. Our results suggest that blocking IFNα2A expression may be a useful tool in reducing latency and the subsequent side effects associated with higher levels of latency.
Paisajes de la Nueva Tenochtitlán. Postapocalipsis de agua en dos obras mexicanas de ciencia ficción del siglo XXI: Las puertas del reino y “Como quien oye llover”
Authors: Morales Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2024

La literatura postapocalíptica recurre constantemente a la catástrofe para representar el miedo de las civilizaciones a desaparecer, pero también como una posibilidad de imaginar escenarios alternos de renovación que permiten repensar nuestro papel en las sociedades occidentales capitalistas. John Clute y Peter Nicholls ven un deseo implícito en este tipo de narrativas: “un mundo despoblado, un escape de las limitaciones de una sociedad industrial altamente organizada, la oportunidad de probar nuestra capacidad como sobrevivientes” (1995). El agua es un elemento ocupado en la ciencia ficción como un disparador de conflictos: a través de sus efectos transformadores, el género imagina tierras desoladas, ruinas futuras y centros urbanos convertidos en paisajes naturales que confrontan a sus personajes al grado de modificar radicalmente sus actividades diarias, formas de convivencia y rituales. Un ejemplo icónico es El mundo sumergido (1962), novela en la que J.G. Ballard conjetura el derretimiento de los casquetes polares derivado del incremento de la actividad solar, lo cual trae consecuencias radicales para el planeta, inundando ciudades y pueblos por el aumento en el nivel de los mares. Este artículo se enfoca en los efectos utópicos y políticos del agua, y la manera en la que las sociedades posmodernas reflexionan sobre la crisis ambiental. Ocuparé dos obras mexicanas de ciencia ficción: la novela Las puertas del reino, de Héctor Toledano (2005), y el relato “Como quien oye llover” (2020), de Andrea Chapela. En ambos trabajos, si bien lo catastrófico lleva implícita una crítica al modo de vida contemporáneo, a la par que tiene una mirada renovadora y positiva en sus búsquedas del origen, el rastreo de historias perdidas, la recuperación de un pasado prehispánico y la configuración de dispositivos tecnológicos novedosos o mejoras a objetos cotidianos.
Reseña de: Esteban, Ángel (Ed.) (2023): Formas del fin del mundo: crisis, ecología y distopías en la literatura y la cultura latinoamericanas
Authors: Aznar Mario
Published: October 2024

Reseña de: Esteban, Ángel (Ed.) (2023): Formas del fin del mundo: crisis, ecología y distopías en la literatura y la cultura latinoamericanas. Hybris: Literatura y Cultura Latinoamericanas, Vol. 6. Peter Lang.
On Tesla-inspired Extended Quantum-Holographic Framework for Reprogramming Macro-Quantum Correlations of Individual and Collective Consciousness
Authors: Rakovic Dejan
Published: October 2024

Nikola Tesla's visions and inventions realized in his controlled altered states of consciousness were considered previously as manifestations of his meditative insights within extended framework of quantum-holographic macroquantum correlations of individual & collective consciousness. This Tesla-inspired paper now focuses on some related psychosomatice aspects of quantum entropy & entanglement, and consequences on the usually observablebiological arrow of time & spiritual-informational time reversal. Finally we discuss some spiritual-informational implicationson free will & individual and collective consciousness reprogramming.
Increased Reaction Vessel Surface Area Decreases the Overall Mortality Rate of Rana catesbeiana Larvae during Chemically Induced Metamorphosis
Authors: K. Portell Ashley , E. Mackintosh Kayleigh , S. Wang Solomon , W. Hoferer David , O. Henderson Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Stimulating precocious metamorphosis in anuran larvae is an important pedagogical tool for understanding vertebrate development. However, historically, artificially provoking metamorphosis by immersing tadpoles in exogenous inducing agents (e.g., thyroxine, and iodine) compromises the longevity of the experimental animals, resulting in up to 100% mortality within a week. In our undergraduate teaching lab, we house our experimental tadpoles in circular glass dishes having a surface area of 182 cm2. Over the past four academic years this lab was performed, we observed 100% mortality of experimental animals within 10, 12, or 15 days when treated with 10-5 M, 10-6 M, or 10-7 M thyroxine, respectively. Here, we investigated whether increasing the surface area to 413 cm2 using square glass dishes would reduce the mortality of the treated animals. Omnibus Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrates a statistically significant decrease in mortality in tadpoles reared in the larger square dishes compared to those housed in the smaller round dishes (P < 0.05). However, increasing the surface area of our reaction vessels could not rescue survivability of those tadpoles immersed in thyroxine, but did increase survivability of control tadpoles maintained in pond water (P < 0.01), tadpoles subjected to iodine (P < 0.05) or treated with actinomycin D (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that increasing available reaction vessel surface area reduces overall tadpole mortality during chemically modified metamorphosis in an undergraduate teaching lab setting.