bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simple strategy for synthesis of side-chain sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) constructing hydrophilic/ hydrophobic phase separation structure
Authors: Lei Jinxuan , Xu Jingmei , Meng Lingxin , Zhao Pengyun , Wang Jiayin , Lan Tian
Published: November 2023

A series of poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone) polymers (C-PAEKS-DBS) were synthesized from 4-carboxyphenyl hydroquinone, allyl bisphenol S, and 4,4-difluorobenzophenone by nucleophilic polycondensation. And further a series of side chain sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone) proton exchange membranes (CPDA-x) were prepared by simply introducing hydrophilic long alkyl side chains (AMPS) into the polymers by means of double bond cross-linking. The structure of the prepared CPDA-x were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and SEM. This series of composite membranes showed excellent dimensional stability which including moderate water absorption (ranging from 27.91–33.33% at 80oC) and low swelling ratio (ranging from 10.26–16.67% at 80oC). In addition, the prepared films also exhibited high oxidative stability and mechanical property. This simple strategy for the producing of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) has certain potential and may be applied to the producing of fuel cell membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase separation structures.
Genome editing of RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 promoter delayed flowering in rice
Authors: Wenyan Zhou , Mingliang He , Xiaojie Tian , Qingjie Guan , Xinglong Yu , Qingyun Bu , Xiufeng Li
Published: November 2023

The heading date of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crucial agronomic traits that affect regional adaptation and grain productivity. Increasing the vegetative growth period or delaying flowering can improve the yield and quality of rice. Therefore, this article uses the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to slightly reduce the expression of flowering activating factors to delay rice flowering. We selected a 0.5-kb region of RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 promoter (RFT1 pro). We designed four pairs of targets in this region using CRISPR-Cas9 for multiplex editing. We obtained six homozygous mutant lines named rft1 pro-1 to rft1 pro-6 by editing the RFT1 pro. The heading date of the mutant lines was delayed by 1.4–9.2 days, and the expression levels of Hd3a and RFT1 were significantly reduced, supporting the late flowering phenotype. Moreover, we found that the protein level of RFT1 was reduced in rft1 pro compared with the wild type, which indicated that editing RFT1 pro affects the translation of RFT1. In conclusion, we have found that it is a feasible method to delay rice flowering by editing the flower-promoting gene promoter. Subsequently, the flowering time of varieties can be fine-tuned by targeting the promoter regions of other genes related to flowering time.
Emamectin·Chlorfenapyr-Induced Fatal Leukoencephalomyelopathy with Delayed Hyperthermia
Authors: Li Xun , yang yun , zhang yajing , Zhang xuebin , zhao na , yue wei
Published: November 2023

Background
Emamectin·chlorfenapyr is compounded with chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate. It has been wildly used in agriculture. Although chlorfenapyr toxicity has been verified in animals, the true mechanism and progression in human beings still needs to be unveiled. Furthermore, cases of the compound emamectin·chlorfenapyr poisoning are very scarce.
Case presentation:
We present the case of a 65-year-old female who had attempted suicide by taking 30g of 9.5% chlorfenapyr and 0.5% emamectin benzoate orally 14 days before being admitted to our hospital. Laboratory tests showed extremely high creatinine kinase levels on admission. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse and symmetric T2 hyperintensity in entire white matter tract of brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology pathological smear showed abnormal lymphocyte aggregation. 19.5 hours after admission, the patient died because of cardiopulmonary arrest and hyperthermia.
Conclusions
Further research is needed on performing flow cytometry in emamectin·chlorfenapyr intoxication patients and elucidating immunological mechanism beneath the inflammatory process caused by emamectin·chlorfenapyr, and providing new thoughts in antidotal drug development.
Copper homeostasis based on Cuproptosis-related signature optimizes molecular subtyping and treatment of glioma
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Yu Huihan , Sun Suling , Fan Xiaoqing , Bi Wenxu , Li Shuyang , Wang Wei , Fang Zhiyou , Chen Xueran
Published: November 2023

Copper is essential in living organisms and crucial to various physiological processes. Normal physiological conditions are in a state of copper homeostasis to ensure normal biochemical and metabolic processes. Dysregulation of copper homeostasis has been associated with multiple diseases, especially cancer. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent cell death mediated by excess copper or homeostasis dysregulation. Elesclomol is a common inducer of cuproptosis, carrying copper into the cell and producing excess copper. Cuproptosis modulates tumor proliferation-related signaling pathways and is closely associated with remodeling the tumor microenvironment. In gliomas, the role of cuproptosis and copper homeostasis needs to be better characterized. This study systematically analyzed cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and constructed a cuproptosis signature for gliomas. The signature closely links the subtypes and clinical features of glioma patients. The results showed a greater tendency toward dysregulation of copper homeostasis as the malignant grade of glioma patients increased. In addition, CRGs-signature effectively predicted the sensitivity of glioma cells to elesclomol and verified that elesclomol inhibited glioma mainly through inducing cellular cuproptosis. In summary, we found different copper homeostatic features in gliomas and verified the anticancer mechanism of elesclomol, which provides a theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for gliomas.
Public support for carbon pricing policies and different revenue recycling options: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the survey literature
Authors: Valencia Farah Mohammadzadeh , Mohren Cornelia , Ramakrishnan Anjali , Merchert Marlene , Minx Jan , Steckel Jan
Published: November 2023

Identifying policy conditions that foster public support is critical for implementing effective direct and indirect carbon pricing policies. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the survey-based literature on change in public support for carbon pricing policies when different revenue recycling options are presented to respondents. Following a comprehensive and transparent machine-learning assisted screening of the literature, our dataset comprises 35 studies containing 70 surveys across 26 countries covering a total of more than 100,000 respondents. We find that the introduction of revenue recycling options increases public support for carbon pricing scheme, but to different degrees depending on recycling scheme and region. Our meta-regression results indicate that green spending (i.e. using revenues for climate-friendly projects) is the only revenue recycling option associated with a statistically significant increase in public support for carbon pricing policies when compared to an allocation of the revenues towards public finance (i.e. using revenues government budget purposes). Our findings moreover suggest that the effect of revenue recycling options on public support depends on the region, and is statistically stronger in Africa, Asia and Pacific, and Latin America and Caribbean compared to North America.
Human-altered soil loss contributes to nearly half of water erosion in China
Authors: Wang Zhen , li Keke , Yang Jingya , Wang Jingyu , Zeng Yi , Borrelli Pasquale , Hubacek Klaus , Hu Yuanchao , Xu Baodong , Fang Nufang , Zeng Chen , Zhou Zhanhang , Shi Zhihua
Published: November 2023

Although the cause-and-effect relationship between accelerated soil erosion and human activities has been confirmed by geological records, the magnitude and socio-economic drivers of the anthropogenic contribution remain largely unexplained at the country scale. Here, we present an integrated modelling framework that uses multi-source high spatial resolution datasets to assess human-altered soil erosion (HASE) by water and its drivers. We estimate China’s territorial HASE to be equal to 1.35 billion tonnes yr-1 (reference year 2017). This is the result of 2.74 billion tonnes yr-1 of HASE triggered by land-use change activities denoted as HASEluc (~1.75 times the estimated natural soil erosion, denoted as SEnat), and 1.39 billion tonnes yr-1 alleviated by soil conservation measures. Modelling activities further indicate that the mitigation due to terraces may have the largest effect on HASE (0.94 billion tonnes yr-1). Concerning socio-economic activities, such as consumption behaviours, we observe that they can indirectly perturb earth surface processes and have a relatively large HASE footprint. Household consumption, especially the final demand from Northeast China and associated industrial activities along the entire supply chain could be the major underlying factors driving HASE. Our findings highlight the intervention of soil erosion by humans and call for comprehensive soil erosion control measures from a social-ecological coupled perspective.
Estimation of Prevalence and Predictors of Sub-clinical Peripheral Neuropathy in Indian adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes: a Case-Control study
Authors: Mondkar Shruti Arvind , Desai Keyur , Oza Chirantap , Borse Sandeep , Yewale Sushil , Dange Nimisha , Ganacharya Raj , Khadilkar Vaman , Khadilkar Anuradha V
Published: November 2023

Aims: Comparison of nerve conduction (NCS) parameters of adolescents with type-1 Diabetes (T1D) with controls. Assessment of sub-clinical peripheral neuropathy prevalence and predictors in Indian adolescents with T1D.
Methods: Case-control study. Cases(n=120):10-19 years, T1D duration>2 years. Exclusion: Comorbidities, illnesses affecting nerve function. Controls(n=40):Healthy, age, sex-matched.
Results: Mean age:15.1±3 years; diabetes duration:7±3.5 years, HbA1c:9.6±2.1% (81mmol/mol). None had symptoms/signs of peripheral neuropathy. Both groups were similar in anthropometry, physical activity. NCS comparison demonstrated significantly prolonged latency, reduced action potential duration and nerve conduction velocity (p<0.01) in motor nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial) in patients with T1D. Sensory action potential duration in median and ulnar nerves, and sural conduction velocity were significantly lesser in T1D (p<0.05).
70% had at least one abnormal NCS parameter. Sub-clinical neuropathy prevalence- demyelinating motor: upper limbs (UL)-5.8%, lower limbs (LL)-12.5%; demyelinating sensory:UL-52.5%, LL-5.0%; axonal motor:UL-19.2%, LL-10.8%; axonal sensory: UL-11.7%, LL-6.7%. Eight (6.6%) had stage-1a distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Poor glycemic control (OR=2.0), reduced insulin sensitivity (OR=1.8), advancing age (OR=1.4), reduced iron intake (OR=0.8) were significant predictors of sub-clinical neuropathy.
Conclusion: The prevalence of sub-clinical peripheral neuropathy in Indian adolescents with T1D was high, with the highest prevalence of sub-clinical neuropathy being noted in the upper limbs. Despite no symptoms, NCS parameters were adversely affected in T1D, highlighting the need for early NCS-based screening. Poor glycemic control, reduced insulin sensitivity, advancing age, reduced iron intake were predictors of sub-clinical neuropathy.
Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on quadriceps muscle strength,exercise capacity,quality of life and dyspnea in severe COPD: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lu Zhi , Dong Qi-Yu , Wu Chuan-Fang , Shu Ling , Liang Bing , Yang Hong-Zhong , Tan Chuang
Published: November 2023

Background This review is to determine the impact of NMES on quadriceps muscle strength, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and dyspnea in patients with severe COPD.
Methods From the beginning until June 2023, data sources such as EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro database, and Cochrane database were analyzed.Randomized controlled trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of NMES alone versus usual care or NMES combined exercise versus exercise in patients with severe COPD. Outcomes included strength of the quadriceps, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life. Language or publication dates were not mandatory. These studies were selected independently by two authors.
Results There were 600 participants in fifteen studies, all of which met the inclusion criteria. Compared with usual care, NMES improved quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.48; p = 0.003) and exercise capacity (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.93; p = 0.003) and alleviated breathing difficulties (SMD = − 0.64, 95% CI: −0.89 to − 0.40; p < 0.00001). There were no statistically significant differences between the VO2 peak and the SGRQ. Compared with exercise alone, NMES combined with exercise not improved quadriceps muscle strength (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI: −0.62 to 0.96; p = 0.67), exercise capacity (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.39; P = 0.47), dyspnea (SMD = − 0.21, 95% CI: −0.51 to 0.09; P = 0.17), and VO2 peak value. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the SGRQ (SMD = − 0.48, 95% CI:−0.84 to 0.22; P = 0.009). No adverse events were reported.
Conclusions
In patients with severe COPD, NMES can improve their quadriceps muscle strength, exercise capacity, and dyspnea. NMES is not beneficial when compared to exercise alone. Therefore, the added cost of incorporating NMES into rehabilitation programs should be considered.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42023433703.
Interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in adults with cardiovascular disease: A scoping review
Authors: Peng Zhihang , Yang Lili , Deng Shunfeng
Published: November 2023

Background Individuals with cardiovascular disease spend much time being sedentary, while sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiovascular risk as an independent, modifiable factor. However, there is no synthesis of evidence on sedentary behavior interventions for adult cardiac patients. This scoping review aimed to identify interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in adults with cardiovascular disease. Methods Arksey and O'malley's scoping review methodological framework guided the implementation of the review. Seven databases were searched from inception to January 23, 2022 with manually searched reference lists. We included 11 eligible studies involving interventions for sedentary behavior in adults with cardiovascular disease. Data were extracted regarding intervention characteristics, types, delivery formats, and outcome measurements. Results Multiple intervention types and delivery modes were applied, but few were theory-based. Of all the studies, seven interventions were delivered through mobile or internet technologies. Self-monitoring of behavior is the most common behavior change technique used in interventions. Most studies significantly reduced sedentary behavior after the interventions, but the long-term follow-up effects remain uncertain. Conclusions Sedentary behavior in adults with cardiovascular disease holds promise for reduction after interventions, but its long-term adherence needs to be explored. Additionally, future interventions are recommended to use multiple behavior change techniques to reduce sedentary behavior and clarify specific patterns of sedentary behavior reduction.
Exploratory study: Health promotion through Wikipedia outreach and educational activities
Authors: Morata Thais , Zucki Fernanda , Arrigo Adriano Jorge , Cruz Priscila C. , Gong Wei , Matos Hector Gabriel , Montilha Alexandre , Peschanski João , Cardoso Maria Julia , Lacerda Adriana , Berberian Ana Paula , Araujo Eliene , Luders Débora , Duarte Josilene Luciene , Jacob Regina T.S. , Chadha Shelly , Mietchen Daniel , Rasberry Lane , Alvarenga Katia F. , Jacob Lilian Cassia
Published: November 2023

Background
Several health institutions developed strategies to improve health content on Wikimedia platforms, given their unparalleled reach. The objective of this study was to compare an online a volunteer-based Wikimedia outreach campaign and Wikipedia university course assignments in terms of the reach of the contributions and evaluate the extent of the students' input.
Methods
In 2022, researchers from seven Brazilian universities and a Canadian university, in coordination with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the World Health Organization, the Ronin Institute, and Wiki Movimento Brasil, received a grant from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) that supported the 1) coordination of improvements in hearing and healthcare content through educational programs using Wikimedia platforms and 2) participation in the global campaign Wiki4WorldHearingDay2023. We examined the feasibility and the implementation of the two strategies and compared the contributions from those enrolled in educational activities versus volunteer activities from Wikipedia editors to a global campaign.
Results
The strategy was demonstrated to be feasible. It increased the availability of quality plain language information on hearing conditions and hearing care. By May 1, 2023, Wiki4WorldHearingDay2023, 145 participants (78 from educational programs) had contributed 167,000 words, 259 + references and 140 images to 322 Wikipedia articles (283 existing and 39 new ones), which were viewed by 16.5 million readers. Contributions occurred in 6 languages. Edits in Portuguese, mainly by those involved in educational programs, led the number of articles (226 or 70.2%) that were expanded or created during the 5-month tracking period.
Conclusions
The crowdsourcing of expertise and knowledge is relevant for public health. This study’s approach can be applied in other contexts. In addition to the coordination with educational programs, the elements that contributed to the success of these initiatives include an impact topic, international collaborations, the connection with a robust local Wikimedia affiliate, and the use of a technical infrastructure that gives us metrics and coordination mechanisms. The partnerships, the dissemination of the work in several platforms, the participation of multidisciplinary teams, and the availability of resources through institutional support and funding were additional elements that contributed to the success of these initiatives.
Research on the effect of water-injected steel pipe on preventing spontaneous combustion of coal pile and its thermal migration behavior
Authors: Ai Chunming , Xue Shuang , Zhang LI , Zhou Qinyuan
Published: November 2023

To effectively prevent and control the spontaneous combustion disaster of open-air coal storage piles, applying the theory of coal spontaneous combustion mechanism, porous media heat transfer, and non-isothermal pipeline heat transfer, a method of arranging water-injected steel pipes in coal piles to prevent coal pile spontaneous combustion is proposed, and COMSOL numerical simulation software is used to analyze the natural ignition process and control effect of open-pit coal piles. The simulation results of the spontaneous combustion process of the coal pile show that the high-temperature zone of spontaneous combustion of the coal pile is located within the range of 0.5 ~ 1.5m inside the wind-receiving surface and 0.5m above the ground, which provides a basis for determining the position of the water-injected steel pipe in the coal pile. The simulation results of a single water-injected steel pipe show that the cooling effect of the water injection steel pipe on the coal pile is positively correlated with the water injection flow and negatively correlated with the water injection temperature; the cooling radius of the water injection steel pipe is related to the circumference of the steel pipe and has nothing to do with the water injection flow. Finally, the simulation of the cooling effect of multiple rows of steel pipes was carried out, and the optimal arrangement parameters were obtained as the center distance of steel pipes of 1m and the water injection flow of 1500L/min; the time for the coal pile to enter the self-heating period was prolonged by 11d, and the time for entering the spontaneous combustion period was prolonged by 56d. The arrangement of water-injection steel pipes in the coal pile has a good effect on the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of the coal pile.
Numerical and Experimental Comparison of the Relief of Residual Welding Stresses by Vibration and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Serrati Douglas Silva Marques , Silva Ricardo Martins , de Araújo Douglas Bezerra , Vilarinho Louriel Oliveira
Published: November 2023

During welding, the base metal undergoes non-uniform expansion and contraction due to the high heat input, resulting in internal stresses in the welded material. These stresses can cause complications such as distortions and cracks, leading to impaired function of the welded component. Heat and vibrational treatments are some of the methods used to relieve these stresses. In this study, the effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated through comparison of experimental and numerical results. The analysis revealed that residual stresses were in agreement at half of the measurement points, while the remaining half exhibited differences ranging from 0.6 to 8.2%. Furthermore, distortions were measured using a 3D scanner, and the largest angular distortion differed from the numerical calculation by 1.25°.
Leptin haploinsufficiency exerts sex-dependent partial protection in SOD1G93A mice by reducing inflammatory pathways in the adipose tissue
Authors: Fernández-Beltrán Luis Carlos , Ali Zeinab , Larrad-Sanz Angélica , López-Carbonero Juan Ignacio , Godoy-Corchuelo Juan Miguel , Garcia-Toledo Irene , Jiménez-Coca Irene , Bentley Liz , Gómez-Pinedo Ulises , Matias-Guiu-Antem Jordi A. , Gil-Moreno Maria Jose , Matias-Guiu Jorge , Corrochano Silvia
Published: November 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant metabolic disruptions, including weight loss and hypermetabolism in both patients and animal models. Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone, displays altered levels in ALS. Genetically reducing leptin levels (Lepob/+) to maintain body weight improved motor performance and extended survival in female SOD1G93A mice, although the exact molecular mechanisms behind these effects remain elusive. Here, we corroborated the sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin levels in ALS patients and in SOD1G93A mice. We reproduced a previous strategy to generate a genetically deficient leptin SOD1G93A mice (SOD1G93A-Lepob/+) and studied the transcriptomic profile in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the spinal cord. We found that leptin deficiency reduced the inflammation pathways activated by the SOD1G93A mutation in the adipose tissue, but not in the spinal cord. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex-specific approaches in metabolic therapies and highlight the role of leptin in the systemic modulation of ALS by regulating immune responses outside the central nervous system.
A Collaborative Quantum Assisted Extended Elliptic Curve Cryptography Technique for Secure Data Transmission over Network
Authors: Surla Govindu , R Lakshmi
Published: November 2023

The notion of a quantum computer is no longer just theoretical. It is the most significant technology in the world, and nations are competing to become the leaders in quantum computing. The computing time will be cut down from years to hours or even minutes thanks to technology. The scientific community will greatly benefit from the capabilities of quantum computing. It does, however, represent severe risks to cyber security. All encryption algorithms are theoretically prone to damage. Compared to RSA-based cryptosystems, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is quicker, more effective, and more sensitive to quantum attacks. Standard ECC is still unworthy of establishing a secure network connection, nonetheless. The improved ECC method is used to extend the communication strategy, reconfiguring the message with the number of cipher-text from both sides. Therefore, we need to carefully evaluate the quantum security of EECC to prepare for the advent of quantum computers. In this, work a new strategy (CQAEECC) known as a collaborative quantum-assisted Extended Elliptic Curve Cryptography (EECC) to protect the transmission of information across networks. The mechanism of merging cryptographic methods and the private key is retrieved from the Quantum Cryptography used by Extended Elliptic Curve Cryptography to ensure greater security over networks. The novel cryptography is compared with standard algorithms and the results show that it is one of the most efficient public key cryptosystems (PKC) for desirable security. Thereupon, the proposed method has the ability to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability over the network.
In silico Screening of Plectranthus ampoinicus and Hyptis suaveolens Phytochemicals: Novel Repellents Targeting Odorant Binding Proteins of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
Authors: Jebastin Thomas , Wilson Jeyaraj John , Sisubalan Natarajan , Sudhakar Dharmarajan Raja , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Abuthakir Mohamed Husain Syed , Sevarkodiyone Subramanian , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: November 2023

Mosquitoes pose a significant threat to public health, transmitting various dangerous diseases to both humans and animals. Conventional insecticide spraying, while common, has limitations in effectively controlling vector-borne diseases. Many chemical pesticides harm humans and animals, some persist in the environment and causing toxic effects. Recently, there has been renewed interest in plant-based products due to concerns about insecticide resistance, cross-resistance, potential toxicity associated with synthetic options, and rising costs. In this study, we conducted molecular docking analyses using specific plant-derived compounds from Hyptis suaveolens and Plectranthus ampoinicus. We focused on their interaction with odorant binding proteins (OBPs) from dengue and chikungunya vectors (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The selected phytochemical compounds exhibited strong binding with the OBP of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid, Carvacryl acetate, and Brallobarbital showed high binding affinity and significant interaction with Ae. aegypti. Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid and 3-Methyl-4-isopropylphenol also demonstrated substantial binding affinity and effective interaction with Ae. albopictus OBP. These findings suggest that these compounds can potentially disrupt the mosquito's attraction to humans, thus reducing human-vector contact. They may offer a promising alternative for developing natural and efficient mosquito repellents, surpassing currently used synthetic options like N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide and other conventional repellents.
Super-Selective Wada Test for Pre-Surgical Leg Motor Function Assessment: A case report
Authors: Kuruvilla Alexander , Sadle Charles J. , Mutchnick Ian , Karia Samir , Sah Jeetendra , Stilp Rebecca , Dashti Shervin , Karakas Cemal
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Wada test is well-known to assess lateralization of memory and language functions, however super-selective Wada (ss-Wada) to evaluate motor leg function is rare. We present a ss-Wada test within the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to assess the motor function of the leg. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: Comprehensive phase-I/II surgical evaluation revealed an ictal focus around the left post-central gyrus with immediate involvement around left para-central regions. To avoid potential right leg motor dysfunction with the surgery, the patient underwent a ss-Wada procedure. Angiography revealed bilateral ACAs were supplied by the left A1 segment. Super-selective microcatheter injection of amobarbital into the left ACA was performed to avoid cross-filling the contralateral ACA. The ss-Wada test confirmed no right leg motor impairment. Afterward, a craniotomy with direct cortical stimulation confirmed that the left-sided ictal/peri-ictal zone had no clear leg motor function. Patient underwent disconnection of that region and remained seizure free at 10-month post-op follow up without any motor or sensory deficits in the right limbs. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the proof of concept for ss-Wada in assessing lower extremity motor function. The ss-Wada procedure accurately predicted no motor deficits in right leg, consistent with preserved motor function post-surgery.
A hybrid method for tree-level optimization in continuous cover forest management
Authors: Pukkala Timo , Nuutinen Yrjö , Muhonen Timo
Published: November 2023

A current trend in forestry is the increased use of continuous cover management (CCF). Another trend is the increased availability of tree-level forest inventory data. Accordingly, recent literature suggests methodologies for optimizing the harvest decisions at the tree level. Using tree-level optimization for all trees of the stand is computationally demanding. This study proposed a flexible two-level optimization method for CCF where the harvest prescriptions are optimized at the tree level only for a part of the trees, or only for the first cuttings. The higher-level algorithm optimizes the cutting years and the harvest rates of those diameter classes for which tree-level optimization is not used. The lower-level algorithm allocates the individually optimized trees to different cutting events. The most detailed problem formulations, employing much tree-level optimization, always resulted in the highest net present value and longest time consumption of the optimization run. However, reducing the use of tree-level optimization to the largest trees and first cuttings did not alter the time, intensity, or type of the first cutting significantly, which means that simplified problem formulations may be used when decision support is needed only for the next cutting. The method suggested here can accommodate diversity-related management objectives and makes it possible to analyze the trade-offs between economic profit and diversity objectives. The case study analyses suggested that significant improvements in diversity can be obtained with moderate reductions in economic profitability.
The effectiveness and safety of bariatric surgery in individuals with end-stage renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Guofu , Sun Zhou , Niu Yulin
Published: November 2023

Objective
Contentious debate remains regarding the suitability of bariatric surgery (BS) for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to assess the eligibility and safety of BS in ESRD patients receiving kidney transplantation (KTX).
Methods
A comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant literature on the outcomes of BS in patients with ESRD up to were searched up to July 31st, 2023.
Results
Seventeen studies were included and analyzed. The excess body weight loss (EWL) among patients with ESRD ranged from 32.1–82.0% following BS. Pooled analysis indicated that the listed for KTX rate [(95% confidential interval (CI)] was 83% (67%-95%), and the successful KTX rate (95% CI) was 57% (31%-80%). The mortality rate (95% CI) after BS was 0% (0%-0%), and the complication rate (95% CI) after BS was 7% (1%-15%). The mortality rate (95% CI) after KTX was 0% (0%-1%); meanwhile, the complication rate (95% CI) after KTX was 20% (10%-41%). Publication bias existed in the findings of listed for KTX, mortality after BS, and complication rates after KTX (all P < 0.05), whose significance still existed after adjustment by the trim and fill analysis, indicating the robustness of findings with publication bias was good. These findings would not be affected by publication bias to a certain extent.
Conclusions
BS for patients with ESRD is an effective means of reducing body weight, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful kidney transplantation with an acceptable safety profile.
Characterisation and mapping of a Globodera pallida resistance derived from the wild potato species Solanum spegazzinii
Authors: Gartner Ulrike , Armstrong Miles R , Sharma Sanjeev K , Jones John T , Blok Vivian C , Hein Ingo , Bryan Glenn J
Published: November 2023

The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis are economically important potato pests in almost all regions where potato is grown. One important management strategy involves deployment through introgression breeding into modern cultivars of new sources of naturally occurring resistance from wild potato species. We describe a new source of resistance to G. pallida from wild potato germplasm. The diploid species Solanum spegazzinii Bitter accession CPC 7195 shows resistance to G. pallida pathotypes Pa1 and Pa2/3. A cross and first backcross of S. spegazzinii with Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja cultivar Mayan Gold was performed, and the level of resistance to G. pallida Pa2/3 was determined in progeny clones. Bulk-segregant analysis (BSA) using generic mapping enrichment sequencing (GenSeq) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was performed to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are genetically linked to the resistance, using S. tuberosum Group Phureja clone DM1-3 516 R44 as a reference genome. These SNPs were converted into allele specific PCR assays, and the resistance was mapped to an interval of roughly 118 kb on chromosome VI. This newly identified resistance can be used in future efforts to produce modern cultivars with enhanced and broad-spectrum resistances to the major pests and pathogens of potato.
The Concealed Perils to Public Health: Origins of Emerging Non-Communicable Illnesses (NCDs) in Mining Regions of Ghana
Authors: Arhin Emmanuel , Osei Jeff Dacosta , Yevugah Lily , Karim-Abdallah Bright , Damoah-Afari Peter
Published: November 2023

Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has a rich historical background in Ghana, contributing to over 40% of the country's gold production. However, current ASGM practices have neglected responsible mining operations, resulting in environmental degradation and adverse health impacts. A comprehensive study analyzed 3344 soil samples from a mining district in Ghana, revealing high concentrations of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). These elements are associated with gold mineralization within the Birimian System. The likely causes of these elevated levels include heavy metal accumulations during mining activities as well as pesticide/fertilizer usage on farms - which is the primary occupation within this study area alongside ASGM operations. The study identified areas enriched with potentially harmful double-sword elements that require small amounts for human development- indicating serious environmental health concerns within these zones. The highest recorded values were up to 246 ppm for As, 148 ppm for Pb, 87 ppm for Cu, and 200 ppm for Zn. Notably, elevated concentrations of As occurred at Agrave, Bogoso, Juabeng, Gyaba. Gyeduakese etc., while high levels of Pb were found at Bogoso, Agrave, Beposo, Wassa Bekwae, Asaasetre, Donkorworano, Samreboi, Odumase, Anhwerem locations; Cu had high concentrations near Bawdie and Moseaso while Zn was highly concentrated at Kwao Mensah, Kokoasi, Ayensukrom Hamatuo and Abotarey sites. In conclusion, this paper recommends establishing baseline pollution status measurements before commencing any mining activities followed by regular monitoring to ensure safety standards are maintained - especially regarding the population living around mining communities' good health rights protection.
Meat and milk product consumption in Scottish adults: Insights from a national survey
Authors: Stewart Cristina , McNeill Geraldine , Runions Ricki , Comrie Fiona , McDonald Alana , Jaacks Lindsay
Published: November 2023

Reducing meat and dairy consumption has been advocated for environmental benefits. To better understand meat and dairy consumption in a population with high intakes, we analysed 24-hour dietary recall data from adults (≥16 years) in the 2021 Scottish Health Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Scotland. Mean daily intakes (95% confidence interval [CI]) of total meat and milk products were 80g (95% CI 77-84) and 230g (95% CI 219-240) per capita, respectively. Homemade chicken dishes, beef dishes, and ham sandwiches were the primary contributors to meat intake, together accounting for 57% of meat consumed. Liquid milk accounted for 62% of milk products consumed. Meat products provided 26% of selenium, and 25% of zinc intake, while milk products contributed significantly to calcium (34%), iodine (38%), and vitamin A (25%). Opportunities exist to align diets with climate goals, but careful consideration is needed for replacements to maintain nutritional adequacy.
A comparison between IBEX bone health applied to digital radiographs and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the distal-third and ultra-distal regions
Authors: Lopez Ben , Meertens Robert , Gundry Mike , Scott Paul , Crone Ben , McWilliam Richard
Published: November 2023

Background
To demonstrate that IBEX Bone Health (IBEX BH) can provide a clinically useful prediction of a-BMD and T-score at the ultra-distal (UD) and distal-third (TD) regions.
Methods
A 261-participant single-centre, non-randomised, prospective, study was carried out to compare a) IBEX BH, a quantitative digital radiography software device, to b) Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). A total of 257 participants with wrist DR, DXA pairs were included in the analysis after extractions.
Results
The adjusted R2 value for IBEX BH outputs to the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) produced by a GE Lunar DXA system for the UD region is 0.87 (99% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.84, 0.89]). The adjusted R2 value for IBEX BH outputs to aBMD for the TD region is 0.88 (99% CI [0.85, 0.90]). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) for the T-score ≤ − 2.5 risk prediction model at the UD region is 0.95 (99% CI [0.93, 0.98]). The AUC for the T-score ≤ − 2.5 risk prediction model at the TD region is 0.98 (99% CI [0.97, 0.99]).
Conclusion
From a digital radiograph of the wrist, IBEX BH provides a clinically useful i) prediction of aBMD at the two regions of interest on the forearm and ii) risk prediction model of T-score ≤ − 2.5 at the UD and TD regions.
Quantification of PAHs, PCBs and Pesticides adsorbed by plastic waste in the Togolese marine environment
Authors: SIZING Badjagoma , KOLEDZI Edem Komi , SEMA Alaki-Issi Massimapatom , KROU Nitale M'Balikine
Published: November 2023

The study aims to determine the different pollutants adsorbed by plastic waste along the Togolese coast. To this end, nine samples were taken from three different sites and analysed by GC-MS and LC-MS. Apart from pesticides, which were found in only one sample, PAHs and PCBs were adsorbed by all nine samples collected. Thus, the total concentrations of PAHs and PCBs at the different sites give respectively in ng/g; at Aneho, 677.16 and 26.95 on the LDPE debris, those of PP are 195.92 and 8.85; 136.34 and 4.04 on the PET sample. At Kodjoviakope, 596.5 and 14.6 on the LDPE sample; those of PP are 196.46 and 11.37; 105.15 and 1.6 on the PET sample. In the Fishing Port, 1182.56 and 9.87 on the LDPE sample, PP 336.57 and 13.04; 274.06 and 2.74 on the PET sample. There is a need to take measures to eradicate their presence at sea.
Priority effects and microbial cross-feeding shape zoonotic agent spread in broiler chickens
Authors: Marcos Sofia , Odriozola Iñaki , Langa Jorge , Baldi Germana , Sahin Eray , Mak Sarah Siu Tze , Pless Louisa , Tarradas Joan , Estonba Andone , Alberdi Antton
Published: November 2023

Unravelling the colonisation dynamics and physiological effects of zoonotic bacteria such as Campylobacter is imperative to prevent foodborne diseases. We employed a hologenomic approach to jointly analyse metabolic networks and gene expression of the caecal microbiota, with the intestinal gene expression of 613 broiler chickens that did and did not undergo an opportunistic Campylobacter colonisation. We report that an early development of a distinct microbial enterotype enriched with Bacteroides fragilis_A, changed the community to a functional profile that likely benefited Campylobacter through production of key metabolites. The resulting enterotype was not associated with a host immune response, but exhibited an enriched and energetically more demanding functional repertoire compared to the standard enterotype, which could have caused the growth decline observed in Campylobacter-colonised animals. We provide unique insights into microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, which point to the early-stage microbiota-development as a relevant factor for later Campylobacter spread in broiler chickens.
Post-Discharge Rebleeding in Splenic Injury: A Predictive Model
Authors: Chen Jian-Han , Hsieh Pie-Wen , Chen Chung-Yen , Yu Po-Chin , Huang Yi-Kai , Lin Hung-Yu
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to develop a predictive model for identifying patients with high rebleeding risk after discharge from treatment without splenectomy and embolization for splenic injury.
METHODS: Data were extracted from the 1996–2013 National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients aged ≥18 years with splenic injury (ICD-9-CM codes 865.01–865.09) from 2000 to 2012 were included. Patients who died, underwent splenectomy (ICD-9-OP codes 41.5, 41.42,41.43, and 41.95) or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) (ICD-9-OP codes 39.79 and 99.29) on the first admission were excluded. The primary endpoint was rebleeding, which was identified if patients underwent splenectomy or TAE at 180 days after discharge. The patients were randomly divided into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) groups for analyze.
RESULTS: 6,140 were finally included. After conducting a multivariate analysis on the derivation group (n=4916), six risk factors were identified and assigned with different scores to generate the Delayed Splenic Bleeding System (DSBS) based on the coefficient of variables significantly related to rebleeding: age <54 years (1 point), male sex (1 point), length of hospitalization ≤6 days (1 point), non-traffic accident-induced injury (1 point), ISS ≥16 (1 point), and history of congestive heart failure (2 points). The rebleeding rates at 180 days after discharge was significantly higher with DSBS score >3 (3.4%) than with DSBS score ≤3 (0.8%) (p<0.001); similar results were observed in the validation group (1.0% for DSBS score ≤3 vs. 4.2% for DSBS score >3, p=0.002). The areas under the ROC curve were 0.701 (p<0.001) and 0.675 (p=0.009) for the derivation and validation groups, respectively. The DSBS showed good calibration in the derivation group (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=2.607, p=0.272) and validation group (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=3.009, p=0.222).
CONCLUSIONS: Our prediction model (i.e., the DSBS) effectively predicted the 180-day rebleeding risk, which could enable stratification in further studies or pre-discharge treatment for blunt splenic injury.
BpIAA10 interacts with BpIAA7 and BpARF19 to regulate the growth and differentiation of embryonic leaves in birch (Betula platyphylla)
Authors: Xu Wendi , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Shuo , Chen Su , Han Rui , Yan Bin , Jiang Jing , Liu Guifeng
Published: November 2023

The Auxin/Indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family is an important class of auxin-response genes involved in leaf development in Arabidopsis. However, the biological function of these genes remains unclear in perennial wood plants. In this study, we identified an Aux/IAA10 gene (BpIAA10) from birch (Betula platyphylla) that is associated with growth of embryonic leaves. The result was confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function analysis of BpIAA10. Transgenic birch overexpressing (OE) and repressing (RE) BpIAA10 exhibited significantly increased numbers of embryonic leaves and stipules than non-transgenic lines (NT). The IAA concentration was increased by 3.50 and 3.61-fold in OE and RE lines than NT, respectively. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis revealed that BpIAA10 specifically interacts with BpIAA7 and BpARF19 during leaf development. In addition, we found both overexpression and repression of BpIAA10 affected the expression of auxin biosynthesis and metabolism genes, auxin response genes, and leaf development genes. All these results indicated that BpIAA10 is involved in the differentiation and growth of embryonic leaves by specific interactions and complex regulation with components of the birch auxin response pathway. Our findings provide insights into leaf growth and differentiation in perennial trees.
Endophytes: a uniquely tailored source of antibiotic adjuvants
Authors: Moussa Ashaimaa Y.
Published: November 2023

Multidrug resistance is growing at an alarming rate risking the loss of lives of more than 10 million people per year by 2050. Solutions include rational use of antibiotics and more effectively the use of drugs that reduce resistance or completely obliterate them. Several plant extracts were reported as active antimicrobial agents, but their supply problem and low rate of compound isolation retarded their advancement in this field. Here endophytes come to play due to their high yield production and inherent nature to produce antimicrobial molecules where 40%, 45% and 17% of antibacterial agents were obtained from fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria, respectively, whose secondary metabolites revealed effectiveness against resistant microbes such as Bacillus sp., MRSA, MRSE, and Shigella flexneri. Biological activities included anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Endophyte’s role was not confined to bactericidal effect but extended to other mechanisms against MDR microbes, among which was the adjuvant role or the “magic bullets" that could revive obsolete antibiotics again. Scarce focus was given to antibiotic adjuvants, and many laboratories today just screen for the antimicrobial activity without considering combinations with traditional antibiotics, which means real loss of promising resistance combating molecules. This review, comprehensively and for the first time, sheds light on the significance of endophytes secondary metabolites in solving AMR problem as AB adjuvants. Examples of promising antibiotic adjuvants were listed from endophytes showing their potency in rescuing bacterial susceptibility by folds magnitude.
Hospice Care in Pediatrics
Authors: Pan Jumei , Ali Khan Akhtar
Published: November 2023

Background
Hospice care is the primary field of public health that establishes the minimum standards of care for patients who are nearing the end of their lives. All individuals, irrespective of their race, social status, or cultural heritage, should be able to obtain this healthcare. Scientific literature has brought attention to the inequalities in healthcare based on race and ethnicity. The focus of this article is to examine previous research on the impact of hospice care on infected children, parents, and siblings. Providing hospice care can help children maintain a positive attitude during their treatment.
Objective
The review is based on prior research, and extensive investigation is being made into pediatric hospice care.
Methods
Various keywords were utilized for the research. PubMed, Medline, and other scientific sources were utilized to ensure the accuracy of the collected scientific research data. The collected data underwent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, twenty-seven articles were chosen.
Results
From 2015 to 2022, 27 studies were conducted involving 115 families. The findings showed the positive impact of hospice care on both parents and children. Additionally, the research also delved into the specific needs of children in hospice care.
Conclusion
Children who receive hospice care tend to have a better quality of life.