bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of depression in the association between mobilisation timing and live discharge after hip fracture surgery: Secondary analysis of the UK National Hip Fracture Database
Authors: Milton-Cole R. , Goubar A. , Ayis S. , O’Connell M. D. L. , Kristensen M. T. , Schuch F. B. , Sheehan K. J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The aim was to compare the probability of discharge after hip fracture surgery conditional on being alive and in hospital between patients mobilised within and beyond 36-hours of surgery across groups defined by depression.

Methods

Data were taken from the National Hip Fracture Database and included patients 60 years of age or older who underwent hip fracture surgery in England and Wales between 2014 and 2016. The conditional probability of postsurgical live discharge was estimated for patients mobilised early and for patients mobilised late across groups with and without depression. The association between mobilisation timing and the conditional probability of live discharge were also estimated separately through adjusted generalized linear models.

Results

Data were analysed for 116,274 patients. A diagnosis of depression was present in 8.31% patients. In those with depression, 7,412 (76.7%) patients mobilised early. In those without depression, 84,085 (78.9%) patients mobilised early. By day 30 after surgery, the adjusted odds ratio of discharge among those who mobilised early compared to late was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.56–2.05, p<0.001) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.84–2.00, p<0.001) for those with and without depression, respectively.

Conclusion

A similar proportion of patients with depression mobilised early after hip fracture surgery when compared to those without a diagnosis of depression. The association between mobilisation timing and time to live discharge was observed for patients with and without depression.
Unraveling the relationship between audience engagement and audiovisual characteristics of automotive green advertising on Chinese TikTok (Douyin)
Authors: Wang Chuqi , Li Zhiyu
Published: April 2024

As video platforms such as Douyin, also known as TikTok’s Chinese version, continue to grow, there is an increasing interest in the study of green advertising videos to understand their audiovisual features and their impact on audience engagement. In this research, we specifically focus on green advertising within the automotive industry. Drawing on literature from sustainability, green advertising, and communication studies, we identified seven audiovisual aspects and three persuasive strategies pertinent to green automotive advertising videos. Utilizing a mixed-methods video analysis framework, we analyzed a dataset of 2,553 green automotive advertising videos on Douyin over three years from 15 June 2020 to 15 June 2023. These videos exhibited higher loudness, a faster pace, and longer durations compared to their non-green counterparts. We categorized three distinct types of green advertising videos on Douyin and established that specific audiovisual features and persuasive strategies are significantly correlated with audience engagement levels. This study not only delineates the audiovisual characteristics of green automotive advertising in China’s digital space but also contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable marketing practices on social networks like TikTok. The findings extend image-centric research to video content and provide marketers with data-driven insights for crafting effective content creation strategies on Douyin.
The stringent response regulates the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis in Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Ortiz-Vasco Cristian Camilo , Moreno Soledad , Quintero-Navarro Luis Alonso , Rojo-Rodríguez Juliana Berenice , Espín Guadalupe
Published: April 2024

The stringent response exerted by (p)ppGpp and RNA-polymerase binding protein DksA regulates gene expression in diverse bacterial species. To control gene expression (p)ppGpp, synthesized by enzymes RelA and SpoT, interacts with two sites within the RNA polymerase; site 1, located in the interphase between subunits β’ and ω (rpoZ), and site 2 located in the secondary channel that is dependent on DksA protein. In Escherichia coli, inactivation of dksA results in a reduced sigma factor RpoS expression. In Azotobacter vinelandii the synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is under RpoS regulation. In this study, we found that the inactivation of relA or dksA, but not rpoZ, resulted in a negative effect on PHB synthesis. We also found that the dksA, but not the relA mutation reduced both rpoS transcription and RpoS protein levels, implying that (p)ppGpp and DksA control PHB synthesis through different mechanisms. Interestingly, despite expressing rpoS from a constitutive promoter in the dksA mutant, PHB synthesis was not restored to wild type levels. A transcriptomic analysis in the dksA mutant, revealed downregulation of genes encoding enzymes needed for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, the precursor substrate for PHB synthesis. Together, these data indicate that DksA is required for optimal expression of RpoS which in turn activates transcription of genes for PHB synthesis. Additionally, DksA is required for optimal transcription of genes responsible for the synthesis of precursors for PHB synthesis.
The effects of parental respect for children’s decision-making and respect for human rights on depression in early adolescents: The mediating effect of self-esteem
Authors: Lee Sangmi
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the structural relationships among parental respect for children’s decision-making, respect for human rights, and self-esteem, and their impact on depression in early adolescents. The study utilized data from 2,747 middle school students who participated in the 2020 Survey on the Current Status of Korean Children’s and Youth’s Rights conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model based on partial least squares with SmartPLS 3.0. The analysis revealed that both parental respect for children’s decision-making and respect for human rights perceived by middle school students had a significant positive impact on self-esteem and a significant negative impact on depression. Furthermore, self-esteem was found to have a significant negative effect on depression. Importantly, self-esteem also played a significant mediating role in the relationship between parental respect for children’s decision-making and depression, as well as the relationship between respect for human rights and depression. Therefore, in order to manage depression, it is necessary to develop strategies that encourage parental respect for children’s decision-making, promote respect for human rights, and foster self-esteem in early adolescents.
The response of Dual-leucine zipper kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: Evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism
Authors: DeVault Laura , Mateusiak Chase , Palucki John , Brent Michael , Milbrandt Jeffrey , DiAntonio Aaron
Published: April 2024

Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling. Activation of DLK signaling results in a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature, which we identify through RNA-seq. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes. We identify alterations to the cytoskeleton including actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
A practical guide for the husbandry of cave and surface invertebrates as the first step in establishing new model organisms
Authors: Lukić Marko , Jovović Lada , Bedek Jana , Grgić Magdalena , Kuharić Nikolina , Rožman Tin , Čupić Iva , Weck Bob , Fong Daniel , Bilandžija Helena
Published: April 2024

While extensive research on traditional model species has significantly advanced the biological sciences, the ongoing search for new model organisms is essential to tackle contemporary challenges such as human diseases or climate change, and fundamental phenomena including adaptation or speciation. Recent methodological advances such as next-generation sequencing, gene editing, and imaging are widely applicable and have simplified the selection of species with specific traits from the wild. However, a critical milestone in this endeavor remains the successful cultivation of selected species. A historically overlooked but increasingly recognized group of non-model organisms are cave dwellers. These unique animals offer invaluable insights into the genetic basis of human diseases like eye degeneration, metabolic and neurological disorders, and basic evolutionary principles and the origin of adaptive phenotypes. However, to take advantage of the beneficial traits of cave-dwelling animals, laboratory cultures must be established—a practice that remains extremely rare except for the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. For most cave-dwelling organisms, there are no published culturing protocols. In this study, we present the results of our multi-year effort to establish laboratory cultures for a variety of invertebrate groups. We have developed comprehensive protocols for housing, feeding, and husbandry of cave dwellers and their surface relatives. Our recommendations are versatile and can be applied to a wide range of species. Hopefully our efforts will facilitate the establishment of new laboratory animal facilities for cave-dwelling organisms and encourage their greater use in experimental biology.
Whey protein supplementation reduced the liver damage scores of rats fed with a high fat-high fructose diet
Authors: Yiğit Ziolkowski Aslı , Şenol Nurgül , Aslankoç Rahime , Samur Gülhan
Published: April 2024

Different functional foods with bioactive nutrients are being explored for the management of NAFLD. Whey proteins are rich in bioactive peptides and are suggested to show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We aim to test the hypothesis that the whey protein supplementation following a high fat-high fructose (HFHF) diet would protect against liver damage, inflammation, endotoxemia and steatosis in male Wistar rats. 36 rats were randomized into four groups for 8 weeks as the HFHF diet group, HFHF diet and whey protein isolate (WPI-200mg/kg/day) group (HFHF+WPI), control (C) group, and C+WPI (200mg/kg/day) group. Rats fed with a HFHF diet had higher final body weight compared to C and C+WPI groups (p = 0.002). Thus, WPI showed no significant effects for the body weight of rats with a HFHF diet. On the other hand, the HFHF+WPI group had significantly lower abdominal circumference when compared with the HFHF group (p<0,001). Higher serum CRP levels were observed in the groups with a HFHF diet (p<0,001) and WPI supplementation showed no effects on CRP levels. Whey protein supplementation resulted with lower total liver damage score in HFHF+WPI group compared with the HFHF diet group (p<0,001). Conversely, higher liver damage scores were observed with the C+WPI group compared to C group (p<0,001). HFHF diet resulted with higher expression of TLR-4 in the liver meanwhile WPI supplementation showed no effects on liver TLR-4 expression. We observed higher colon Occludin expression in HFHF+WPI and C+WPI groups compared with HFHF and C groups (p<0,001). Our results showed that, whey protein supplementation might help improve liver damage associated with a high fat-high fructose diet and increase the expression of Occludin in the small intestine and colon.
DECTNet: Dual Encoder Network combined convolution and Transformer architecture for medical image segmentation
Authors: Li Boliang , Xu Yaming , Wang Yan , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2024

Automatic and accurate segmentation of medical images plays an essential role in disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Convolution neural networks have achieved remarkable results in medical image segmentation in the past decade. Meanwhile, deep learning models based on Transformer architecture also succeeded tremendously in this domain. However, due to the ambiguity of the medical image boundary and the high complexity of physical organization structures, implementing effective structure extraction and accurate segmentation remains a problem requiring a solution. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual Encoder Network named DECTNet to alleviate this problem. Specifically, the DECTNet embraces four components, which are a convolution-based encoder, a Transformer-based encoder, a feature fusion decoder, and a deep supervision module. The convolutional structure encoder can extract fine spatial contextual details in images. Meanwhile, the Transformer structure encoder is designed using a hierarchical Swin Transformer architecture to model global contextual information. The novel feature fusion decoder integrates the multi-scale representation from two encoders and selects features that focus on segmentation tasks by channel attention mechanism. Further, a deep supervision module is used to accelerate the convergence of the proposed method. Extensive experiments demonstrate that, compared to the other seven models, the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on four segmentation tasks: skin lesion segmentation, polyp segmentation, Covid-19 lesion segmentation, and MRI cardiac segmentation.
Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover
Authors: Samson Stéphane , Lord Étienne , Makarenkov Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Understanding the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship to other coronaviruses in the wild is crucial for preventing future virus outbreaks. While the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains uncertain, mounting evidence suggests the direct involvement of the bat and pangolin coronaviruses in the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. To unravel the early days of a probable zoonotic spillover event, we analyzed genomic data from various coronavirus strains from both human and wild hosts. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using multiple datasets, using strict and relaxed clock evolutionary models to estimate the occurrence times of key speciation, gene transfer, and recombination events affecting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its closest relatives. We found strong evidence supporting the presence of temporal structure in datasets containing SARS-CoV-2 variants, enabling us to estimate the time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover between August and early October 2019. In contrast, datasets without SARS-CoV-2 variants provided mixed results in terms of temporal structure. However, they allowed us to establish that the presence of a statistically robust clade in the phylogenies of gene S and its receptor-binding (RBD) domain, including two bat (BANAL) and two Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses (CoVs), is due to the horizontal gene transfer of this gene from the bat CoV to the pangolin CoV that occurred in the middle of 2018. Importantly, this clade is closely located to SARS-CoV-2 in both phylogenies. This phylogenetic proximity had been explained by an RBD gene transfer from the Guangdong pangolin CoV to a very recent ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 in some earlier works in the field before the BANAL coronaviruses were discovered. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the timeline and evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Olaparib not cost-effective as maintenance therapy for platinum-sensitive, BRCA1/2 germline-mutated metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mehra Tarun , Lupatsch Judith E. , Kössler Thibaud , Dedes Konstantin , Siebenhüner Alexander Reinhard , von Moos Roger , Wicki Andreas , Schwenkglenks Matthias E.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of olaparib as a maintenance therapy in platinum-responsive, metastatic pancreatic cancer patients harboring a germline BRCA1/2 mutation, using the Swiss context as a model.

Methods

Based on data from the POLO trial, published literature and local cost data, we developed a partitioned survival model of olaparib maintenance including full costs for BRCA1/2 germline testing compared to FOLFIRI maintenance chemotherapy and watch-and-wait. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the base case and several scenario analyses and estimated 5-year budget impact.

Results

Comparing olaparib with watch-and wait and maintenance chemotherapy resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of CHF 2,711,716 and CHF 2,217,083 per QALY gained, respectively. The 5-year costs for the olaparib strategy in Switzerland would be CHF 22.4 million, of which CHF 11.4 million would be accounted for by germline BRCA1/2 screening of the potentially eligible population. This would amount to a budget impact of CHF 15.4 million (USD 16.9 million) versus watch-and-wait.

Conclusions

Olaparib is not a cost-effective maintenance treatment option. Companion diagnostics are an equally important cost driver as the drug itself.
Prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma: A protocol for meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Sun Bo , Lu Wenpeng , Yu Wangyang , Tian Ye , Wang Peng
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Early postoperative seizures has been the most common clinical expression in gliomas; however, the incidence and risk factors for early postoperative seizures in gliomas are more controversial. This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence and risk factors of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma.

Methods and analysis

Searches will be conducted on CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases and Web of Science for the period from database inception to December 31st, 2023. Case-control and cohort studies of the incidence and risk factors for early postoperative seizures in all gliomas will be included. The primary outcome will be incidence, risk factors. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality evaluation. Review of article screening, extracting data and risk of bias assessment will be repeated by two independent reviewers.

Result

This study will provide evidence for the risk factors and incidence of early postoperative seizures in patients with glioma.

Conclusion

Our study will provide evidence for the prevention of early postoperative seizures in glioma patients.

Trail registration

This protocol was registered in PROSPERO and registration number is CRD42023415658.
High-throughput DNA extraction and cost-effective miniaturized metagenome and amplicon library preparation of soil samples for DNA sequencing
Authors: Jensen Thomas Bygh Nymann , Dall Sebastian Mølvang , Knutsson Simon , Karst Søren Michael , Albertsen Mads
Published: April 2024

Reductions in sequencing costs have enabled widespread use of shotgun metagenomics and amplicon sequencing, which have drastically improved our understanding of the microbial world. However, large sequencing projects are now hampered by the cost of library preparation and low sample throughput, comparatively to the actual sequencing costs. Here, we benchmarked three high-throughput DNA extraction methods: ZymoBIOMICS™ 96 MagBead DNA Kit, MP BiomedicalsTM FastDNATM-96 Soil Microbe DNA Kit, and DNeasy® 96 PowerSoil® Pro QIAcube® HT Kit. The DNA extractions were evaluated based on length, quality, quantity, and the observed microbial community across five diverse soil types. DNA extraction of all soil types was successful for all kits, however DNeasy® 96 PowerSoil® Pro QIAcube® HT Kit excelled across all performance parameters. We further used the nanoliter dispensing system I.DOT One to miniaturize Illumina amplicon and metagenomic library preparation volumes by a factor of 5 and 10, respectively, with no significant impact on the observed microbial communities. With these protocols, DNA extraction, metagenomic, or amplicon library preparation for one 96-well plate are approx. 3, 5, and 6 hours, respectively. Furthermore, the miniaturization of amplicon and metagenome library preparation reduces the chemical and plastic costs from 5.0 to 3.6 and 59 to 7.3 USD pr. sample. This enhanced efficiency and cost-effectiveness will enable researchers to undertake studies with greater sample sizes and diversity, thereby providing a richer, more detailed view of microbial communities and their dynamics.
Association between rosacea and helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Ying , Yang Xiao-jing , Zhu Yun , Yang Ming , Gu Fei
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives

The potential association between rosacea and a heightened prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been previously suggested. However, existing studies offer inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the relationship between rosacea and HP infection.

Methods

We conducted comprehensive searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant observational studies for our investigation. We utilized the random-effects model to aggregate the data to address the potential influence of heterogeneity among the studies on the outcome.

Results

Our analysis incorporated twenty-five datasets from 23 case-control and cross-sectional studies, encompassing 51,054 rosacea patients and 4,709,074 controls without skin disease. The pooled results revealed a significantly higher prevalence of HP infection in individuals with rosacea compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.95, p<0.001; I2 = 79%). Subgroup analysis indicated an increased prevalence of HP infection in rosacea studies that utilized one (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.11–2.66, p = 0.02; I2 = 76%) or more tests for HP infection (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.29–3.98, p = 0.005; I2 = 56%). However, this association was not observed in population-based studies that determined HP infection based on prescription records for HP eradication drugs (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.76–1.07, p = 0.024; I2 = 54%).

Conclusion

Rosacea may be significantly associated with a higher prevalence of HP infection. High-quality prospective studies with delicately controlled confounding factors are needed to determine if HP infection is a risk factor for rosacea.
Long-term trial of a community-scale decentralized point-of-use drinking water treatment system
Authors: Clayton Gillian E. , Thorn Robin M. S. , Fox Bethany G. , Reynolds Darren M.
Published: April 2024

Two billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services, many of these are in low/middle income countries where centralised systems are impractical. Decentralised point-of-use drinking water treatment systems offer alternative solutions in remote or resource constrained settings. The main aim of this study was to assess the long-term (3 year) operation and performance of a point-of-use drinking water treatment system (POU-DWTS). A biologically contaminated urban drainage pond was used as a water source and the quality of the produced drinking water was assessed over two independent trials. The decentralised POU-DWTS combined ultrafiltration membranes with disinfection from electrochemically generated hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The operational parameters, such as flow rate, free available chlorine and transmembrane pressure, were monitored in real-time and recorded via a remote monitoring system. Water quality from the source and treated water was assessed over two trial periods within the 3-year operational trial: an 11-week period at the start and a 22-week trial at the end. All water samples were assessed for a range of basic, chemical, microbiological and metal water quality parameters. The results demonstrate that the decentralised POU-DWTS is capable of continuously producing high quality drinking water when HOCl is continuously used to dose water prior to entering the ultrafiltration [UF] membranes. Over the 3-year operational study, the continuous dosing of HOCl pre-UF membranes resulted in stable permeability, indicating no occurrences of irreversible biofouling within the UF membranes and that good membrane ‘health’ was maintained throughout. As such, there was no need to replace the UF membranes nor undertake acid/alkaline chemical cleans at any point throughput the three-year study. The POU-DWTS continuously produced high quality drinking water, resulting in 6453 m3 of drinking water produced over the trial period, that met international water quality standards, at a community scale within the location studied.
Attenuation and molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus 8b propagated in a bioreactor and its immunogenicity, efficacy, and virus shedding in broiler chickens
Authors: Ugwu Chidozie C. , Hair-Bejo Mohd , Nurulfiza Mat I. , Omar Abdul R. , Ideris Aini
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Live-attenuated vaccines are the most successful type of vaccine and could be useful in controlling fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b infection. This study aimed to attenuate, molecularly characterize, and determine the immunogenicity, efficacy, and challenge virus shedding in broiler chickens.

Materials and Methods: The FAdV 8b isolate (UPM08136) was passaged onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells until attenuation. We sequenced and analyzed the hexon and fiber genes of the passage isolates. The attenuated bioreactor-passage isolate was inoculated into 1-day-old broiler chickens with (attenuated and inactivated) and without booster groups and challenged. Body weight (BW), liver weight (LW), liver: body weight ratio (LBR), FAdV antibody titers, T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the liver, spleen, and thymus, and challenge virus load and shedding were measured.

Results: Typical cytopathic effects with novel genetic changes on CEL cells were observed. The uninoculated control-challenged (UCC) group had significantly lower BW and higher LW and LBR than the inoculated groups. A significantly higher FAdV antibody titer was observed in the challenged non-booster and attenuated booster groups than in the UCC group. T cells in the spleen and thymus of the liver of inoculated chickens were higher than uninoculated control group levels at all-time points and at different times. A significantly higher FAdV challenge virus load was observed in the liver and shedding in the cloaca of UCC chickens than in non-booster chickens.

Conclusion: The FAdV 8b isolate was successfully attenuated, safe, and immunogenic. It reduces virus shedding and is effective and recommended as a vaccine against FAdV infection in broiler chickens.

Keywords: antibodies, attenuation, fowl adenovirus 8b, T lymphocytes, vaccines, virus shedding.
Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Enhancement Convolved and Deconvolved CNN Model
Authors: Almukhtar Mohammed , Morad Ameer H. , Hussein Hussein L. , Al-hashimi Mina H.
Published: April 2024

The brain assumes the role of the primary organ in the human body, serving as the ultimate controller and regulator. Nevertheless, certain instances may give rise to the development of malignant tumors within the brain. At present, a definitive explanation of the etiology of brain cancer has yet to be established. This study develops a model that can accurately identify the presence of a tumor in a given magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and subsequently determine its size within the brain. The proposed methodology comprises a two-step process, namely, tumor extraction and measurement (segmentation), followed by the application of deep learning techniques for the identification and classification of brain tumors. The detection and measurement of a brain tumor involve a series of steps, namely, preprocessing, skull stripping, and tumor segmentation. The overfitting of BTNet-convolutional neural network (CNN) models occurs after a lot of training time because training the model with a large number of images. Moreover, the tuned CNN model shows a better performance for classification step by achieving an accuracy rate of 98%. The performance metrics imply that the BTNet model can reach the optimal classification accuracy for the brain tumor (BraTS 2020) dataset identification. The model analysis segment has a WT specificity of 0.97, a TC specificity of 0.925914, an ET specificity of 0.967717, and Dice scores of 79.73% for ET, 91.64% for WT, and 87.73% for TC.
Production, Quality Test, and Activity Evaluation of Methanol Extract and Nanoparticles from Pluchea indica (L.) Leaves as Additives in Natural Soap against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Saputra Arsya Cahya , Wiratama Elang Seta , Mayangsari Fiyola , Divinka Oktafinantyas Via , Handayani Sri
Published: April 2024

Pluchea indica (L.) leaves, both in the form of extracts and silver nanoparticles, are known to exhibit antibacterial activity, but they have not been widely utilized in the health sector, especially in dermatology. This study aims to determine the quality test and antibacterial evaluation of natural soap formulated with methanol extract and nanoparticles of Pluchea indica (L.) leaves against Propionibacterium acnes. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using the reduction method, with AgNO3 as a precursor and methanol extract of Pluchea indica (L.) leaves serving as a reducing agent or bioreductor. Natural soap was produced through the cold process method, with a curing period of 3 to 4 weeks. Natural soap, derived from herbal ingredients, was made by combining NaOH, essential oils, and additives such as methanol extract and silver nanoparticles from Pluchea indica (L.) leaves. Quality tests were performed to assess moisture content (MC), fatty acid content, and pH levels. Antibacterial activity was assessed utilizing the well-diffusion method, with various sample concentrations ranging from 1.0 g/mL to 0.0625 g/mL. The quality test results for all soap samples met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements for acidity, free fatty acids, and moisture content. The bar soap without additives exhibited antibacterial activity, with a maximum inhibition zone of 14.26 mm (at 0.25 g/mL) after 15 hours. Natural soap with methanol extract of Pluchea indica (L.) leaf demonstrated an inhibition zone of 11.49 mm (at 0.0625 g/mL) after 15 hours, while nanoparticle soap exhibited an inhibition zone of 12.77 mm (at 0.25 g/mL) after 12 hours. In summary, all soap samples showed antibacterial activity, indicating the potential of Pluchea indica (L.) leaves as effective antibacterial agents.
Ogólnopolska konferencja naukowa Języki prawa – prawa języka, Poznań, 21-22 października 2022 roku
Authors: Graf Magdalena , Łapa Romana
Published: April 2024

W dniach 21-22 października 2022 roku odbyła się w Poznaniu Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Człowiek – Język – Prawo, kontynuująca cykliczne spotkanie po-święcone językowi i komunikacji w sferze administracyjno-prawnej.
Ultra-deep channel sand body target recognition method based on improved deep learning under UAV cluster
Authors: Guan Jingxin , Ma Weimin
Published: April 2024

River sand bodies have complex and changeable characteristics and distribution. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of target recognition, this study proposes a target recognition method of ultra-deep river sand bodies with improved deep learning under unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster. By constructing the cooperative target allocation model of UAV group, it is ensured that the targets of ultra-deep and large-area river sand bodies are collected. The gradient histogram is used to extract the image characteristics of ultra-deep river sand body and enhance the target image of ultra-deep river sand body. Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network model is constructed by introducing bidirectional recurrent neural network (RNN) to improve deep learning. Bi-LSTM neural network is used to construct the target recognition model of ultra-deep river sand body and complete the target recognition. The experimental results show that this method can extract the target edge completely and recognize the image edge accurately, and the average recognition accuracy under different ambiguities is higher than 95. It is proved that this method has high accuracy in sand body feature extraction and classification and has great application potential in river sand body target recognition.
Healthcare professionals’ experience of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Haiti
Authors: Philibert Léonel , Lapierre Judith , Mulatris Paulin , Kiki Gbètogo Maxime , Prophète Alice , Ntanda Gisèle Mandiangu
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ experience of pregnant and motherhood in adolescence in Haiti.

Methods

The methodology for collecting and analyzing qualitative data was based on John Dewey’s social survey. The study was conducted in nine health institutions in the North and North-East departments of Haiti from October 2020 to January 2021. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 15 healthcare professionals. All interviews were audio-recorded. The recordings were listened to carefully and transcribed in verbatim form. After checking and validation, the verbatims in Word format were exported to QDA Miner software version 6.0.5 for coding. The data were analyzed using Paillé and Mucchielli thematic analyses.

Results

Health professionals such as gynecologists, nurses, midwives, nursing assistants, matrons and health workers took part in the study. These study participants indicate that teenage pregnancy and motherhood are social and public health problems whose negative consequences affect teenage girls, children, healthcare professionals, the healthcare system, and Haitian society in general. The services offered to adolescent girls are medical, educational, psychological, economic, and social in nature. When caring for pregnant adolescents during the transition to motherhood, healthcare professionals face many challenges that are linked to the socio-economic status and physiological reality of adolescents, as well as the healthcare system.

Conclusions

Programs involving home care visits should also be set up to offer ongoing support to pregnant or parenting teenagers. The distribution of food aid or materials such as clothing, hygiene products and baby kits should also be considered.
Analysis and computation of a weak Galerkin scheme for solving the 2D/3D stationary Stokes interface problems with high-order elements
Authors: Kumar Raman , Deka Bhupen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a high-order weak Galerkin finite element method (WG-FEM) for solving the stationary Stokes interface problems with discontinuous velocity and pressure in ℝ
d
, d = 2, 3. This WG method is equipped with stable finite elements consisting of usual polynomials of degree k ⩾ 1 for the velocity and polynomials of degree k − 1 for the pressure, both are discontinuous. Optimal convergence rates of order k + 1 for the velocity and order k for the pressure are established in L
2-norm on hybrid meshes. Numerical experiments verify the expected order of accuracy for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional examples. Moreover, numerically it is shown that the proposed WG algorithm is able to accommodate geometrically complicated and very irregular interfaces having sharp edges, cusps, and tips.
Crystal structure of N-(1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropyl)aniline, C18H23NO2
Authors: Zhu Qian , Yao Zhen
Published: April 2024

C18H23NO2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 23.188(2) Å, b = 7.9820(5) Å, c = 20.6004(15) Å, β = 119.696(7)°, V = 3312.1(5) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0923, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1920, T = 293 K.
A numerical investigation of the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic water-based hybrid nanofluid flow composed of Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles over a heated surface
Authors: Yasmin Humaira , Lone Showkat Ahmad , Alrabaiah Hussam , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar
Published: April 2024

In this research article, the viscous, steady, and incompressible two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow composed of Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles on an extending sheet has been presented. An inclined magnetic field impact is used for evaluating the impacts of various factors in that case. Furthermore, the influences of porosity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, thermal and space-dependent heat sources, and thermal radiation factors are also used in this work. The numerical analysis is done by using the bvp4c technique. Validation of the present results confirms that the present analysis is valid. The outcomes show that the higher magnetic factor reduces velocity distribution while increasing the frictional force at the surface due to Lorentz forces which oppose the fluid flow. The friction force at the sheet’s surface is higher when the sheet stretches as compared to the case when the sheet shrinks. Increase in the magnetic factor increases the skin friction of sheet’s surface which consequently increases the rate of thermal transmission at the surface along with thermal distribution. The higher values of thermal radiation and thermal-dependent heat source increase the thermal transportation rate of sheet’s surface. Insights from this investigation can improve electronics cooling systems, vital for devices prone to overheating. Optimizing heat transfer with magnetohydrodynamic water-based hybrid nanofluids containing Fe3O4 and Au nanoparticles ensures efficient heat dissipation, enhancing device performance and longevity.
Methods of Modelling Electronic Academic Libraries: Technological Concept of Electronic Libraries
Authors: Kolbayev Nurbolat , Tuyenbayeva Kalima , Seitimbetova Danakul , Apakhayev Nurlan
Published: April 2024

The relevance of examining modelling methods in academic electronic libraries is justified by the need to understand the library’s structure and ensure its operation in technological terms. The purpose of this study is to analyse the applied modelling methods for electronic libraries serving Kazakhstani and international higher education institutions. The study employed basic (structural, comparative-comparative) and additional (analytical-synthetic, graphical) methods. During this study, it was found that the main modelling methods for modern electronic libraries include the following: conceptual with the establishment of a clear hierarchy between objects of the electronic library and attributes of search queries, logical using search categorisation, informational employing the semantic principle of material construction and systemic-functional ensuring a balance between functions, structure, technologies and the management system. In particular, after modelling the structure of Kazakhstani, British and American digital libraries at universities, it was determined that the Yale University Electronic Library Collection is built on the method of logical modelling, the Electronic Library at L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University uses the systemic-functional method, the Cambridge University Electronic Library employs the informational method and the Al-Farabi Library uses the conceptual method.
Gamma and neutron attenuation of SiO2–B2O3–BaO–Li2O glasses doped with CeO2
Authors: Alsafi Khalid , Aloraini Dalal Abdullah , Saif M. A. , Shaaban Kh. S.
Published: April 2024

The demonstrations impact of CeO2 on the radiation shielding properties of SiO2–B2O3–BaO–Li2O glasses has been investigated. The observed trend in density ρ ranged from 3.127 to 4.022 g/cm³, whereas the molar volume V

m
of these glasses decreased. The half-value layers (HVL), and mean free paths (MFP) of CL glasses reinforce the notion that the presence of Ce ions, particularly in CL2, enhances the ability of glasses’ to attenuate gamma rays. The effective electron density (N
eff) increases with the addition of CeO2, suggesting a correlation between the enhancement of radiation shielding properties and the amount of CeO2 incorporated into the glasses.
Martyrological in Form, Military-Patriotic in Content
Authors: Klimenko Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2024

That Putin’s regime has been able to put the memory of the Great Patriotic War (GPW) to political use is hardly news to any observer of Russia. What is often overlooked, however, is that the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) has contributed to the instrumentalization of this memory by the Kremlin. In this article, I aim to bridge this gap. Drawing on an analysis of the ROC’s commemorative activities, I reconstruct the specific, martyrological, interpretation of the GPW that it is forging. With sin, atonement, and glory as its central concepts, this interpretation invests the suffering and losses of the GPW with patriotic sense. Thus, it turns the politically problematic traumatic memory of the GPW into a politically useful one. Simultaneously, it is consistent with the triumphant cult of the GPW advanced by the Kremlin. It also perfectly suits the statist historical narrative focused on the continuity of Russia’s past, which is crucial for the ideology of Putin’s regime. Furthermore, this interpretation does not contradict the Soviet memory of the GPW that the regime relies on. Finally, in combining Orthodox Christianity with militarism, the martyrological interpretation of the GPW is highly suitable for the regime’s political business of the day, which is waging its war against Ukraine.
Multidirectional instability of the shoulder: a systematic review with a novel classification
Authors: Housset Victor , Ho Sean Wei Loong , Lädermann Alexandre , Phua Sean Kean Ann , Hui Si Jian , Nourissat Geoffroy
Published: April 2024

Purpose

A variety of instabilities are grouped under multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder. This makes understanding its diagnostic process, presentation and treatment difficult due to lack of evidence-based consensus. This review aims to propose a novel classification for subtypes of MDI.

Methods

A systematic search was performed on PubMed Medline and Embase. A combination of the following 'MeSH' and 'non-MesH' search terms were used: (1) Glenohumeral joint[tiab] OR Glenohumeral[tiab] OR Shoulder[tiab] OR Shoulder joint[tiab] OR Shoulder[MeSH] OR Shoulder joint[MeSH], (2) Multidirectional[tiab], (3) Instability[tiab] OR Joint instability[MeSH]. Sixty-eight publications which met our criteria were included.

Results

There was a high degree of heterogeneity in the definition of MDI. Thirty-one studies (46%) included a trauma etiology in the definition, while 23 studies (34%) did not. Twenty-five studies (37%) excluded patients with labral or bony injuries. Only 15 (22%) studies defined MDI as a global instability (instability in all directions), while 28 (41%) studies considered MDI to be instability in two directions, of which one had to include the inferior direction. Six (9%) studies included the presence of global ligamentous laxity as part of the definition. To improve scientific accuracy, the authors propose a novel AB classification which considers traumatic etiology and the presence of hyperlaxity when subdividing MDI.

Conclusion

MDI is defined as symptomatic instability of the shoulder joint in two or more directions. A comprehensive classification system that considers predisposing trauma and the presence of hyperlaxity can provide a more precise assessment of the various existing subtypes of MDI.

Level of Evidence

III
SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE IN 2023
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Maruniak Eu. O. , Chekhnii V. M. ,   Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: April 2024

The publication aims to highlight the main scientific achievements of the Institute of Geography of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on research work conducted in 2023. Particular attention has been paid to the restoration and development of regions and communities during the war and post-war period.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ARMED AGGRESSION OF THE RF ON THE SOIL COVER OF UKRAINE
Authors:   NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky, Baliuk S. A. , Kucher A. V. ,   NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky”; Lviv Polytechnic National University, Solokha M. O. ,   NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky”, Solovei V. B. ,   NSC “Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky”
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of armed aggression by the rf on the soil resources of Ukraine and to develop a map regarding the impact of military actions on the soil cover at different levels of management: the country, region, district, and territorial community. In this study, we used the following main methods: analysis, synthesis, monographic, abstract-logical, and cartographic. The article introduces a new type of soil degradation: degradation caused by armed aggression (military type), which includes the following types: (1) mechanical degradation; (2) physical degradation; (3) chemical degradation; (4) physical and chemical degradation; (5) biological degradation; and (6) other directions of influence on soils and land plots. For the first time, maps have been developed regarding the impact of military actions on the soil cover at different levels of management: Ukraine, oblast, district, and territorial community. Areas of each type of soil affected by military operations and requiring further examination and control have been determined. It was established that as of March 2023, the largest area affected by hostilities is characteristic of chernozem soils: ordinary chernozems (5.0M ha), southern (2.1M ha), typical and podzolized (1.9 million ha), meadow soils and meadow and chernozem (0.2M ha). Considering the area, chernozems were the most affected; in some areas, the soils were destroyed. The practical value of the obtained results is that their application should contribute to the comprehensive assessment of military soil degradation in Ukraine. Spatial specificities of interstate and interregional migrations in the population of Ukraine are defined for the prewar period, the period of russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine (2014–2021), and the full-scale russian-Ukrainian war (beginning on February 24, 2022). The scope and the directions of migrant departures/arrivals are disclosed, as well as their effect on the dynamics of population number in Ukraine and its regions.