bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body mass index and age at menarche as predictors of adverse reproductive outcomes
Authors: Mateykovich E. A. , Ziyadinov A. A. , Novikova V. A. , Radzinsky V. E. , Polyakova V. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The continuum and pregnancy outcomes in adolescent girls and women of reproductive age, differences between them are partly predetermined by pregestational factors, in particular body mass characteristics. Today, the key role is assigned to the age at menarche, which indicates the achievement of mature reproductive function.

Aim. To identify and compare the relationship between the age at menarche combined with the pregestational body mass index (BMI) and the adverse reproductive outcome (ARO) variant in women of reproductive age and adolescent girls.

Materials and methods. At total of 967 women with ARO were enrolled in the prospective cohort multicenter study. The patients were divided into cohorts based on their age groups (adolescent girls (n = 182) or women of reproductive age (n = 785)) and the ARO variants. Four groups of women were identified: women with non-developing pregnancy (NDP) (n = 244), women with extrauterine pregnancy (EP) (n = 115), women with spontaneous miscarriage (SM) (n = 299), and women with preterm birth (PB) (n = 309).

Results and discussion. It was found that a later ARO corresponds to a higher BMI: a more probable BMI for SM is over 23, for NDP is 23 and less; for PB is over 25, for SM is 25 and less. No threshold BMI limit distinguishing between EP and NDP was identified. The BMI for adolescent girls is generally significantly lower than the BMI for women of reproductive age; it is significantly higher in EP as compared with women of reproductive age and comparable in SM. A trend towards a higher BMI in SM compared to NDP both in women of reproductive age with BMI over 24 and in adolescent girls with BMI over 20 but with different threshold limits is shown. The threshold BMI limit distinguishing PB from SM in reproductive age is 25 and higher, and in adolescent girls it does not reach 23.

Conclusion. In clinical practice, it is recommended to use navigators for predicting ARO variants based on pregestational BMI and/or age at menarche, taking into account the age group of patients, which are obtained using classification trees.
Efectividad de las tecnologías inmersivas para potenciar el aprendizaje en educación superior: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Martinez-Requejo Sonia , Lores-Gómez Beatriz , Ruiz-Lázaro Judit
Published: December 2024

Las tecnologías digitales han revolucionado la educación, ofreciendo oportunidades para crear entornos de aprendizaje enriquecidos que se asemejan cada vez más a la realidad. Por ello, es fundamental comprender cómo estas tecnologías pueden mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Esta revisión se ha realizado para reconocer la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de las tecnologías inmersivas en el ámbito de la educación superior. Siguiendo la Declaración PRISMA-P se seleccionaron 27 estudios relevantes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los resultados revelaron que los estudios analizados consistían principalmente en investigaciones cuasiexperimentales, experimentales o estudios de caso, realizados en universidades internacionales y principalmente con estudiantes de áreas científico-técnicas. Con relación a la efectividad pedagógica, se encontró que el grado de inmersión en las experiencias educativas, la práctica recurrente y la implementación de actividades didácticas antes y después del uso de las tecnologías inmersivas eran factores determinantes para lograr resultados efectivos. Estos hallazgos respaldan la importancia de diseñar experiencias de aprendizaje inmersivas que involucren activamente a los estudiantes, brindándoles la oportunidad de practicar y aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos. En conclusión, esta revisión sistemática proporciona evidencia científica sólida sobre la efectividad de las tecnologías inmersivas en la Educación Superior.
Development of Chemistry Flashcard (Chemilard) Based on Augmented Reality in Unity 3D for Chemical Bonding Material
Authors: Setiawan Riky , Harahap Lenni Khotimah
Published: December 2024

The lack of variety in instructional media can be a starting point for the difficulty in creating an effective and enjoyable learning environment, particularly in chemistry subjects. The concepts in chemical bonding are abstract, making them difficult to apply contextually. Based on these issues, the researchers developed CHEMILARD (Chemistry Flashcard) media using augmented reality. This research employed the D&D (Design and Development) model. The subjects of this study were 6 expert validators in media and content, as well as 25 respondents. The data analysis techniques included Aiken’s analysis and percentage models. The study concluded that the validation of CHEMILARD media, developed across all assessment aspects, indicated that the product is feasible for trial implementation with a score of V=0.90 from media experts and V=0.91 from content experts. The respondents' test results showed an ideal media percentage of 90.3% and an overall media quality rating of 76.72, which is categorized as Very Good. This indicates that the augmented reality-based CHEMILARD media can significantly enhance the learning experience by making abstract chemical bonding concepts more tangible and easier to understand for students.
Intermediary Virtual Dialogue in VKontakte Social Network vs. Immediate Live Dialogue: Functions and Structure
Authors: Golev Nikolay , Shpil'naya Nadezhda
Published: December 2024

A virtual dialogue in social networks is functionally parallel to a live one. The authors applied Dialogical Linguistics and Internet Linguistics to compare the substantive and structural features of a virtual dialogue in social networks with an oral live dialogue. The research objective was to identify and describe the invariant and variable features of a virtual dialogue and a live one. The virtual dialogue in the VKontakte social network was represented by an open public dialogue, an open anonymous dialogue, and an open personified dialogue. They were obtained from posts and comments in the public Anonymous; posts and comments on the public page Vesti; posts and comments on personal home pages of native Russian speakers. The samples of live conversations came from the collection of The Living Speech of an Ural City (1995). The analysis parameters included the image of the addressee, the initial conversational turns, the modes of dialogue management, and the methods of structural organization. The analysis yielded a substantive and structural typology of a virtual dialogue in social networks.
Social Factors of Developing Opinion Leaders in Media Space by Means of Creative Industries
Authors: Mkrtumova Irina , Yanchuk Pavel
Published: December 2024

Social media influencers and opinion leaders are an important social phenomenon. As social networks become more important in all spheres of life, the communicative distance between the media producer and the media consumer keeps shrinking, marking a focus shift to content consumption. Creative industries are an important factor in developing social media influencers. This research features the social factors that contribute to the formation and sustainability of social media influencers through creative industries. The authors conducted a content analysis of documentary sources published as textual or visual content on various media platforms, i.e., social networks, video hosting, or blogs, to identify the key topics, images, and representations broadcast by opinion leaders. A secondary analysis of sociological research data and online analytical reviews made it possible to study the influence of opinion leaders on public attitudes and consumer behavior, including by means of creative industries. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS statistical package and data analysis software. The formation of social media influencers proved to be a complex process, where social determinants are even more important than economic, political, or other aspects. The research revealed nine groups of factors in shaping the social media influencers that target young population: technology; popularity; publicity; media coverage; the role of social capital and its monetization; media trends and representations formed by million-follower bloggers; influence on social behavior; personal qualities; risk factors. Social media influencers act through creativity, creative industries, expressive and visual means of musical and plastic arts, etc. They are strategically important stakeholders in business and other social spheres as they shape the current behavioral patterns of young people.
Water politics in Pakistan: The internal and external dynamics
Authors: Lad Rahul M. , Jaybhaye Ravindra G.
Published: December 2024

Pakistan, mostly an arid and semi-arid geographic area, paradoxically harbours significant surface and groundwater resources vital for its sustenance. The nation heavily relies on the intricate network of the Indus River system, one of the largest contiguous irrigation networks globally. Despite this, Pakistan faces mounting pressure on its water resources. Hence, this paper delves into the multifaceted factors influencing Pakistan's water availability, categorizing them into internal and external determinants. The internal factors pertain to elements within the nation's borders, while the external factors transcend its sovereign control. The research underscores the imperative for Pakistan to prioritize addressing internal factors that predominantly impact its water resources. Moreover, a growing realization suggests the need for Pakistan to steer away from securitizing water resources. Such an approach complicates fostering amicable relations with its upper riparian neighbours, crucial for collectively addressing challenges such as climate change. Striving for co-operation rather than confrontation is pivotal for navigating these shared challenges sustainably. Finally, the paper concludes that adopting a desecuritized approach towards water resources, coupled with a nuanced focus on internal factors, presents a promising strategy for mitigating water-related concerns in Pakistan.
Causal mechanisms of 100 accidents in sewage system facilities
Authors: Chen Ang , Wu Miao
Published: December 2024

The safety of urban sewage system facilities, including wastewater treatment plants and pipeline facilities, has become increasingly critical due to accidents. Numerous accidents frequently occur during the construction and operation phases, posing a significant threat to human health and jeopardizing lives. This paper investigates safety incidents and analyzes their causes to identify common patterns. The results indicate that human factors are the primary contributors to accidents, with those involving chemical and toxic gas poisoning standing out as particularly severe incidents. This paper proposes several measures to reduce accident risks, emphasizing the need for stronger supervision, the establishment of a regular management system, and the resolution of key technical challenges.
Combining ability and heterotic grouping of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for tolerance to low soil nitrogen in Nigeria
Authors: Aboderin S.O. , Oyekunle M. , Bankole F.A. , Olaoye G. , Saminu Z.
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo de híbridos de maíz con baja tolerancia al nitrógeno (N) del suelo es vital para la sostenibilidad de la producción de maíz en los países en desarrollo. En este estudio se investigó el potencial de las líneas endocriadas de nuevo desarrollo para la mejora de rasgos y poblaciones mediante la estimación de sus efectos generales de capacidad combinatoria (GCA). Empleando un diseño de apareamiento línea x probador que incluía 79 líneas endocriadas y tres probadores, se generaron un total de 237 híbridos F1 y se evaluaron junto con tres controles en cuatro entornos de bajo N y cuatro de N óptimo en Nigeria en 2020 y 2021. Se observaron efectos GCA positivos y negativos significativos en varios rasgos, lo que subraya la presencia de combinadores superiores e inferiores para estos rasgos. Las líneas endocriadas SMLW150 y SMLW155 mostraron efectos GCA significativos (ρ≤0.01) para el rendimiento de grano, registrando 733.18 kg.ha-1 y 776 kg.ha-1 respectivamente en condiciones óptimas de N, emergiendo así como los mejores combinadores para el rendimiento de grano y valiosos recursos genéticos para la mejora del rendimiento de grano. De forma similar, las líneas endocriadas SMLW7, SMLW9, SMLW57, SMLW43 y SMLW146 demostraron notables efectos GCA para las características de permanencia verde, posicionándolas como prometedoras candidatas para mejorar la tolerancia al N bajo. Las líneas endocriadas SMLW146 y SMLW147, junto con la probadora IITA1876, resultaron ser las mejores combinadoras tanto en rendimiento de grano como en características de permanencia en verde, lo que las convierte en opciones atractivas para la selección de parentales en programas de hibridación orientados a producir variedades de maíz con mayor potencial de rendimiento y tolerancia al estrés por nitrógeno. Las líneas SMLW4, SMLW43, SMLW44, SMLW34 y SMLW37 fueron las que mejor combinaron en general los días transcurridos hasta antesis y ensilado, lo que las convierte en parentales potenciales para el desarrollo de variedades de maíz de maduración extratemprana. Además, las líneas endocriadas se clasificaron en cuatro grupos heteróticos en condiciones de bajo N y tres grupos en condiciones de N óptimo, utilizando el método de efectos GCA de Rasgos Múltiples (GCAMT). Cada grupo presentaba puntos fuertes y débiles distintos. En particular, los genotipos del grupo 4 en condiciones de bajo N y del grupo 3 en condiciones óptimas de N resultan prometedores como fuentes para el desarrollo de híbridos con mayor rendimiento y tolerancia al estrés por nitrógeno.
Propriedades funcional e sensorial de iogurtes de leite de cabra adicionados de polpas de acerola e caju
Authors:   , Barreto Andrezza Assis Cruz Moura
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo teve-se por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de iogurtes de leite de cabra adicionados de polpas de acerola e caju. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (umidade, cinzas, pH, acidez titulável, gordura láctea e proteína láctea); microbiológicas (coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, fungos filamentosos e leveduras e bactérias lácticas totais), a cada sete dias, por 35 dias; funcional (compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante); e sensorial de iogurtes de leite de cabra elaborados com polpa de acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) e de caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) em diferentes concentrações. As formulações foram produzidas com iogurte natural sem adição de polpas (A0), iogurte natural com adição de 10% (A10), 20% (A20) e 30% (A30) de polpa de acerola, assim como com a adição de 10% (C10), 20% (C20) e 30% (C30) de polpa de caju. A presença de polpa de acerola e de caju não modificou as características microbiológicas dos iogurtes, durante a vida de prateleira. Nas formulações com acerola houve diferença na composição físico-química e a proteína láctea manteve-se fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. A formulação A30 apresentou teores de ácido ascórbico e compostos fenólicos superiores as demais formulações, porém a atividade antioxidante foi semelhante entre as formulações A10 e A20, sendo superior à formulação. Apresentaram impressão global, aroma, doçura, sabor, textura e intenção de compra semelhantes ao A0. A formulação A10 apresentou aparência semelhante ao controle, obtendo melhores notas. Os iogurtes com caju apresentaram alteração na composição físicoquímica, onde a acidez e o teor de proteína láctea mantiveram-se fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. A formulação C30 apresentou teores de ácido ascórbico superiores as demais formulações com caju, mas a atividade antioxidante foi semelhante entre elas e superior ao iogurte natural. Os iogurtes preparados com polpa de caju não diferiram quanto a impressão global, doçura, sabor e intenção de compra. A formulação C30 apresentou melhor aparência que as demais e as C20 e C30 mostraram notas semelhantes para aroma e textura, sendo inferiores as demais formulações nesses dois atributos. As análises evidenciaram que os iogurtes de leite de cabra com adição de polpa de acerola e de caju apresentaram qualidades nutricionais insatisfatórias, porém, mostraram potencial atividade antioxidante, caracterizandoos como alimento com alegação de propriedade funcional e mostrando viabilidade como derivado de leite de cabra para o mercado consumidor, com readequações nas suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais
Diagnosis and Management of Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension in the UAE: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Chronic Lung Disease (PH-CLD)
Authors: Sabbour Hani , Saleh Khaled , Saiari Mohammed B Al , Alzaabi Ashraf , Al-Saleh Jamal , Hannawi Saud , Alnaqbi Khalid A. , Mahboub Bassam , Bodi Govinda , Khashkousha Ramzi , Aldhaheri Sharina , Isse Said , Hamed Fady
Published: December 2024

Chronic Lung Diseases (CLDs) constitute one of the most frequent causes of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and rank second after PH due to left
heart disease. In PH-CLD, destruction of lung parenchyma is associated with decreased functional capacity, diminished quality of life, increased
oxygen requirements, and a heightened risk of death.

As both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and PH due to lung disease are categorized as precapillary PH, it is essential to distinguish
between the two conditions, particularly when the lung disease is present with the severe form of PH. If the diagnosis confirms a severe form of
PH-CLD, then individualised care is essential in patients with severe lung disease and evidence of right-sided heart failure, particularly those with
lower-limb oedema. Moreover, echocardiography (ECHO) and N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) evaluation are of
high importance and must be ordered by the pulmonologist. Right Heart Catheterisation (RHC) is also essential for the determination of the extent
and severity of pulmonary vascular involvement. The use of inhaled vasodilators, along with a referral for right heart catheterisation, should be
considered at an earlier phase of interstitial lung disease. In addition to therapy, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programmes have been found to
improve six-minute walking tests (6MWT), oxygenation, and functional capacity.

This article discusses the screening of PH-CLD along with the treatment algorithm and suggests the promising role of vasodilators in PH-CLD.
Harzianolides H-J: Three New Butenolides Isolated from the Fungus Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Zhou Chengzeng , Ge Yichao , Wu Bin
Published: December 2024

Background:

Marine fungi have been recognized as new sources for the discovery of
valuable secondary metabolites, providing lead compounds for drug discovery and development.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites from the
marine-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum ZN-4 and evaluate their antifungal activity.

Method:

Fungus strain Trichoderma harzianum ZN-4 was initially fermentated using a PDB liquid
medium. Subsequently, extensive chromatographic methods were applied to isolate the fermentation
cultures of ZN-4, and the chemical structures of isolate compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D
NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS. The antifungal activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution
method.

Result:

Three new butenolides, harzianolides H–J (1–3), were isolated from T. harzianum ZN-4, and
cultivated on a sterilized PDB medium. Activity evaluation showed that compounds 1−3 exhibited
potent antifungal activity with MIC values of 12.5−100 μg/mL against the phytopathogenic fungus
Pestalotiopsis theae.

Conclusion:

This study not only enriched the structural diversity of the harzianolide family but also
revealed their anti-P. theae activity, which may be potential antifungal agents.
Recent Outbreaks and Factsheet of Future Global Pandemic Marburg Virus: A Looming Threat
Authors: Arora Sanchit , Sharma Ashwani , Iqbal Ramsha , Gugulothu Dalapathi , Sharma Kalicharan , Jain Divya , Singh Kuldeep
Published: December 2024

The Marburg virus (MARV), which belongs to the family Filoviridae, is the cause of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a disease that can be fatal. Laboratories employees of Marburg and Frankfurt cities of Germany, and Belgrade city of Yugoslavia (now Serbia), contracted an infection caused by a hitherto unidentified infectious pathogen in August 1967. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MARV is one of the most im-portant issues in the world. With a case fatality rate ranging from 24.0 to 88.0%, the virus is very dangerous, underscoring the need for public awareness. This outbreak was deter-mined to be caused by the MARV, one of the deadliest viruses that infect humans. However, African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), which were imported from Uganda and transported to all three locations, were discovered to be the virus's primary source, while fruit bats (Rosettus aegyptiacus), which belong to the Pteropodidae family, act as the MARV's natural hosts.
The disease's pathophysiology indicates significant antiviral suppression as a result of alter-ations in gene expression and the synthesis of interferon-stimulated genes in the hepatic cells. Along with the advent of hemorrhagic manifestations, which can result in a patient's death, the condition may worsen and cause abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, phar-yngitis, diarrhea, and other symptoms. The countermeasures against MVD are outlined in this article, with an emphasis on the ecology, traits, virion proteins, pathology, and trans-mission of MARV clinical aspects along with diagnostic, patient therapy, and management.
Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Conquering Transport and Biological Challenges, Innovating Combinatorial Approaches for
Unprecedented Treatment Success
Authors: Prajapati Shatrudhan , Yadav Shikha
Published: December 2024

Glioblastomas are the most common primary brain cancer and present many challenges
in treatment, with the current standard-of-care treatments yielding a median survival rate of
less than 15 months. While immunotherapy against cancer has been very effective in some cancers,
its application in glioblastoma has been limited so far. The following review touches upon
some of the critical challenges associated with successful immunotherapy in glioblastoma, covering
transport-related obstacles presented by the blood-brain barrier, biological complexity
within the central nervous system, and the interplay between glioblastoma and immune cells.
Ongoing clinical trials testing the efficacy of different immunotherapeutic strategies, including
immune checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer, are discussed. These strategies
are inherently challenged by the low immunogenicity of glioblastoma, the unique immuneprotective
mechanisms of the immune system within the CNS, and the predominant features of
the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Current therapeutic modalities reviewed include
surgical resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, with discussions
on new forms of approaches to enhance immune activation: vaccines, oncolytic viruses,
and adoptive cell therapies such as CAR T cells and NK cells. The perpetual problem of resistance
to immunotherapy underlines the need for combination strategies and precise testing
within advanced in-vitro and animal tumor models, considering the large variability in glioblastomas.
Nanotubes and Nanodiamonds in 3D printing: Enhancing Mechanical and Biological Properties of Nanocomposites through Advanced Formulation
Technologies
Authors: Jain Chirag , Garg Teena , Chauhan Shikha Baghel , SIngh Indu
Published: December 2024

Aim:

With the aim to improve the thermal and mechanical characteristics of nanocomposites
for cutting-edge engineering applications, this work looks at how nanotubes and nanodiamonds
can be integrated into 3D printing processes.

Background:

The performance of 3D-printed products has been greatly enhanced by the addition
of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (Carbon nanotubes) as well as nanodiamonds into polymer
matrices. While nanodiamonds offer remarkable hardness and thermal stability, carbon nanotubes
are widely recognized for their better electrical conductivity and bending strength. Their
qualities make them the best options for raising the calibre of nanocomposites that are 3D printed.

Objective:

This paper looks at the effects of dispersion, functionalization, and synthesis of nanotubes
and nanodiamonds on the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites, taking into
account the environmental impact, obstacles, and applications of these materials.

Method:

The techniques for adding nanotubes and nanodiamonds to 3D printing formulations
were the main topic of a thorough literature study. A number of important factors were examined,
including stability, toughness, elasticity, and tensile strength. The influence of uniform particle
spread on overall composite performance as well as developments in dispersion technologies were
reviewed in the paper.

Results:

The study found that the incorporation of nanotubes and nanodiamonds into 3D printing
processes significantly improved the mechanical and biological properties of nanocomposites. These
nanomaterials improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability, making them suitable for
applications in electronics, aerospace, and biomedical fields. However, challenges such as high
costs, ecological impacts, and long-term stability assessments remain.

Conclusion:

Although there is potential for next-generation materials with the incorporation of
nanotubes along with nanodiamonds in 3D-printed nanocomposites, issues such as uniform nanoparticle
dispersion still need to be resolved.
Recent Advances in Creating 3D-interconnected Networks within Thermally Conductive Aluminum Nitride Polymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Deshmukh Gauri S.
Published: December 2024

The demand for efficient heat dissipation in advanced electronic devices
necessitates the development of polymer composites with exceptional thermal conductivity.
Over the course of the last few years, a great deal of research has been conducted
to augment the thermal management of polymer composites through the incorporation
of fillers possessing exceptionally high thermal conductivity. Among these
fillers, aluminum nitride (AlN) has emerged as an exemplary choice for enhancing
the thermal conductivity properties of polymer composites. Nevertheless, the substantial
thermal resistance that exists at the interface of the filler and polymer matrix, as
well as between fillers themselves, significantly impedes heat conduction, thereby
limiting the improvement in thermal conductivity. The concise review endeavors to
illustrate the recent advancements in the production techniques of polymer/AlN composites
that exhibit high thermal conductivity by creating a three-dimensional interconnected
filler network. The review begins with an introduction to the proposed
mechanisms of heat conductivity in polymer composites, followed by a brief discussion
of the various factors influencing the thermal conductivity of these composites.
Subsequently, the different methods for fabricating three-dimensional interconnected
AlN networks in polymer/AlN composites, all aimed at enhancing thermal conductivity,
are presented. The review aims to present novel methods for improving the thermal
conductivity of polymer composites by building complex three-dimensional filler
networks.
Polymeric Nanoparticles: Targeted Delivery in Breast Cancer - A Review
Authors: Mudzingwa Kimberly R. , Patel Asha , Patel Shruti , Panjwani Drishti , Ahlawat Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting
the female population worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease mainly classified
into three subtypes based on the status of the molecular markers for the hormones
(estrogen and progesterone) and epidermal growth factor (HER-2) receptors. Hormone
receptor positive breast cancer shows a good prognosis, while tumors that do
not show any of these receptors (triple negative breast cancer) are highly invasive.
Despite all the conventional therapies for the treatment of breast cancer, it remains the
leading cause of cancer deaths of women worldwide.

Objective:

Chemical grafting of nanoparticles (NPs) with polymers and surface modifiers
as a targeted ligand can become an alternative for active targeting. Hence, these
polymeric NPs can control drug release with pH-responsive stimuli, and the high selectivity
of these NPs allows them to accumulate more inside the cancer cells that
overexpress these receptors, leaving normal cells unaffected.

Methods:

Formulation incorporates various polymers, solvents drug, and stabilizing
agents in the aqueous phase. Various techniques discussed in this review are employed
for synthesis, resulting in a dry NP formulation.

Results:

In this context, we shall discuss the development of NPs against distinct
forms of cancer malignancies. From here, we know that polymeric NPs can produce a
system with good characteristics, effectiveness, and active targeting of different cancer
cells.

Conclusion:

This system is a striking candidate for the targeted drug delivery for
cancer therapy, anticipating that NPs could be further developed for various breast
cancer therapy applications.
The XEC COVID-19 Variant: A Global Threat Demanding Immediate Action
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Hussain Ashfaq , Eldaif Walid A. H. , Rashid Mohammed
Published: December 2024

The new XEC variant that has recently been described, a recombinant strain originated
from the Omicron sub-lineages KS1.1 and KP3.3 (also known as FLuQE; it is descended from the
FLiRT lineage), has since early July, 2024, been confirmed in more than 15 EU countries as well as
North America and Asia. Currently, the XEC variant is reported in 27 countries, including America,
Britain, and China, with T22N and Q493E in the spike that gives it a transmission advantage, meaning
that it may be the dominant strain in this coming winter season. Like past COVID-19 strains,
XEC has caused flu-like signs, including fever, sore throat, and body aches. Thus, the high efficacy
of vaccines in preventing severe disease and hospitalization cannot negate the necessity to pay attention
to XEC, increase public health measures, and improve genomic surveillance due to the high
transmissibility of the virus and slight advantage in transmission. This letter urges people worldwide
to pay attention to how XEC is spreading and to act quickly to stop new cases from rising, especially
among the susceptible groups.
Uma visão pedagógica das TIC sob o papel do professor-investigador
Authors: Vilhena Ricardo
Published: December 2024

Tem-se verificado, ao longo dos anos, um aumento considerável de ferramentas educativas digitais sob a promessa da melhoria das aprendizagens dos alunos. No entanto, vários estudos apontam para uma utilização insuficiente dessas tecnologias nas escolas. Para compreender as complexidades da implementação pedagógica das Tecnologias de Informação e de Comunicação (TIC), sustentada pelos princípios do Movimento da Escola Moderna (MEM), adotámos a metodologia de professor-investigador, refletindo sobre a prática através da análise de um diário de bordo. Parece verificar-se que as TIC assumem um papel secundário, levantando questões sobre o valor educativo adicional neste contexto e relevando como as conceções pedagógicas do docente parecem desempenhar um papel prioritário no momento de implementar tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem.
Teacher education in a virtual exchange between Brazil and the U.S.: Balancing preservice teachers’ guidance and affording autonomy
Authors: Calvo Luciana Cabrini Simões , Hartle Lynn
Published: December 2024

This paper shares a virtual exchange (VE) Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) project between second language acquisition (SLA) teacher education courses at a university in the U.S. and in Brazil, developed with different groups of learners in 2022 and 2023. The main aims were to support and investigate preservice teachers’ (PSTs): 1) intercultural communicative competence (ICC), 2) language practices, 3) local and global perspectives, and 4) collaboration through information and communication technologies (ICT). This paper examines how professors balanced guidance and autonomy for PSTs as teams (each team with PSTs from Brazil and U.S.) asynchronously and synchronously engaged in informal communication and projects to study international and regional cultural norms for SLA. Qualitative analyses of surveys, interactions, and projects informed patterns of PST autonomy and situations that required more professor support and guidance. Most PSTs engaged consistently, thoroughly, and needed almost no support with tasks, such as their introductions and responses to questions about readings. Some PSTs needed more guidance from professors, such as one-one scaffolding (in-person or Zoom) or text message reminders, than others for arranging open-ended tasks among teams of PSTs and setting up relevant ICT, such as WhatsApp groups to facilitate desired communications. Results were utilized to determine modifications for future VE.
Sing after God a New Song. Ritual-musical Appropriations of Psalms in Contemporary Dutch and Flemish culture
Authors: Vogel Henk
Published: December 2024

Summary of PhD Thesis. This thesis was defended on November 28, 2024 at the Protestant Theological University (Utrecht, the Netherlands). Supervisors: prof. dr. Marcel Barnard (Protestant Theological University) and prof. dr. Mirella Klomp (Protestant Theological University). This research was funded by the Stichting Luthers Diakonessenhuis Fonds.
Study of the impact of noncancer diseases on assessments of radiation risks of the cancer incidence among the Chernobyl accident liquidators
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Gorski A.I. , Chekin S.Yu. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Maksioutov M.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Korelo A.M. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Kochergina E.V. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Zelenskaya N.S. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.K. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: December 2024

The investigation is aimed at the analysis of the statistical dose-effect relationship between malignant neoplasms incidence rate in Russian clean-up workers (liquidators) participated in mitigation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (the Chernobyl NPP accident) consequences and radiation doses. The impact of radiation on the non-cancer diseases development in the Chernobyl liquidators was estimated as well. Radiation risks of different cancer cases were estimated considering the impact of the multimorbidity factor. The monitoring data accumulated in the National Radiation Epidemiological Register from 1986 over 2022 were used for analysis. During that period 9,755 cancer cases were detected among 69,520 male liquidators. The average personal external gamma radiation dose to liquidators, accumulated during the work period was 0.13 Gy, the maximum exposure dose was 1.4 Gy. The study used general data mining approaches that did not use hypotheses of the probabilistic laws of random variable distributions that determine the dependence of cancer diseases on radiation dose. A group of liquidators with personal doses of less than 0.15 Gy was selected as a control group. It was found that the non-cancer diseases in liquidators could both increase and decrease the radiation risk of malignant neoplasms morbidity, however, the relative changes in radiation risk do not exceed 2%. The results obtained demonstrate the stability of radiation risks estimates of cancer incidence obtained earlier in the Russian cohort of liquidators without taking into account the factor of multimorbidity.
Evaluating a Smart Textile Loneliness Monitoring System for Older People: Co-Design and Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Probst Freya , Rees Jessica , Aslam Zayna , Mexia Nikitia , Molteni Erika , Matcham Faith , Antonelli Michela , Tinker Anthea , Shi Yu , Ourselin Sebastien , Liu Wei
Published: December 2024

Background

Previous studies have explored how sensor technologies can assist in in the detection, recognition, and prevention of subjective loneliness. These studies have shown a correlation between physiological and behavioral sensor data and the experience of loneliness. However, little research has been conducted on the design requirements from the perspective of older people and stakeholders in technology development. The use of these technologies and infrastructural questions have been insufficiently addressed. Systems generally consist of sensors or software installed in smartphones or homes. However, no studies have attempted to use smart textiles, which are fabrics with integrated electronics.

Objective

This study aims to understand the design requirements for a smart textile loneliness monitoring system from the perspectives of older people and stakeholders.

Methods

We conducted co-design workshops with 5 users and 6 stakeholders to determine the design requirements for smart textile loneliness monitoring systems. We derived a preliminary product concept of the smart wearable and furniture system. Digital and physical models and a use case were evaluated in a focus group study with older people and stakeholders (n=7).

Results

The results provided insights for designing systems that use smart textiles to monitor loneliness in older people and widen their use. The findings informed the general system, wearables and furniture, materials, sensor positioning, washing, sensor synchronization devices, charging, intervention, and installation and maintenance requirements. This study provided the first insight from a human-centered perspective into smart textile loneliness monitoring systems for older people.

Conclusions

We recommend more research on the intervention that links to the monitored loneliness in a way that addresses different needs to ensure its usefulness and value to people. Future systems must also reflect on questions of identification of system users and the available infrastructure and life circumstances of people. We further found requirements that included user cooperation, compatibility with other worn medical devices, and long-term durability.
Конфокальная гиперхроматическая оптическая система с повышенными энергетическими характеристиками
Authors: Завьялова М.А. , Завьялов П.С. , Солдатенко А.В.
Published: December 2024

Предложена новая концепция конфокального
датчика, предназначенного для измерения
смещений и микропрофиля поверхности
оптических прозрачных сред. Датчик
построен на основе суперлюминесцентного
диода и гиперхроматического объектива.
В датчике используется многомодовый
волоконно-оптический
каплер и источник
излучения с шириной спектра 40 нм.
Смещение и перепад высот объекта
определяются измерением спектра излучения,
отраженного от поверхности, с выделением
доминирующей длины волны с помощью
специальных программных алгоритмов
и реализации принципа конфокальности
оптической схемы датчика.
Транспортные ВОСП большой пропускной способности. Часть 3. Эволюция технологий для изготовления когерентных ЦСП. Окончание
Authors: Коган С.С.
Published: December 2024

В цикле статей представлены международные отраслевые стандарты для открытых линейных интерфейсов 400G со сменными когерентными оптическими модулями-приемопередатчиками (трансиверами) транспортных волоконно-оптических систем передачи (ВОСП) OTN/DWDM (часть 1), эволюция поколений когерентных цифровых сигнальных процессоров (ЦСП) для высокоскоростных оптических каналов (длин волн) ВОСП (часть 2), а также эволюция технологий для изготовления когерентных ЦСП для ВОСП (часть 3).
Human Activity Recognition Using Tensorflow
Authors: Nisarga N
Published: December 2024

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has become a key focus in healthcare and machine learning, aiming to improve
personal well-being and lifestyle management through sensor data. As individuals lead increasingly busy lives, continuous
monitoring of their activities can provide valuable insights for health management. Despite advancements, identifying patterns
in human activity remains a challenging task, especially with diverse sensor data sources. This paper explores various technical
approaches for human activity recognition, focusing on the use of TensorFlow and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks,
which are effective in modelling time-series data from devices like smartphones and wearables. The paper highlights the
potential of these models for real-time activity classification
Enhancing the Resilience of Cloud-Based Security Solutions: Lessons from CrowdStrike Outage
Authors: Nair Sreejith Sreekandan
Published: December 2024

Over the past few years, the usage of security measures and tools that are based in the cloud has increased
dramatically. However, the recent CrowdStrike outage which disrupted many organizations shows the increasing need for
securing reliability and resilience of cloud based systems. Most of the existing ones are designed as a reactive approach, we
suggest a new methodology focusing on proactive measures based on an AI enabled cascade failure prediction which utilizes
cutting edge machine learning techniques, bio inspired resilience patterns and quantum aware architecture to address and
mitigate security failures before they happen. Our framework managed to achieve 99.2 percent of successful predictions about
potential security failures, and end users were able to reduce system recovery time by 76 percent for all experimental
deployments which is a real progression in the area of cloud security resilience.
Assessing Stereo Camera Applicability for Digital Monitoring of Cattle Exterior
Authors: Yurochka S. S. , Pavkin D. Yu. , Khakimov A. R. , Berdyugin P. S. , Bazaev S. O.
Published: December 2024

The paper highlights the substantial potential for digitalization in animal husbandry. Current applications of digital technologies include replacing manual data collection on animal phenotypes, particularly linear measurements of physical traits. In creating a contactless digital monitoring system for cattle exterior traits, cameras play a crucial role, as they enable accurate distance measurement to the object. Digital reconstruction of animal body morphometry using a contactless measurement method and automated size determination can effectively address the issues with inaccuracy and subjectivity associated with traditional scoring methods. (Research purpose) The study aims to explore the feasibility of using stereo cameras to measure object distances with the required accuracy and to analyze the performance of the stereo vision system across different areas of the frame. (Materials and methods) The study used a stereo pair of two 1/3-Inch CMOS OV4689 4-megapixel lenses mounted on the board, spaced at 6.3 centimeters from each other. Accurate distance measurement was considered achieved when the error remained within 1-2 percent (1-2 centimeters) of the object's distance (0.5-1 meter). A marked sheet with 25 centimeter intervals served as a test stand, and the stereo cameras captured the stand from distances of 30 to 100 centimeters, with a 10 centimeter increments. (Results and discussion) The study employed two camera configurations over two stages: a single stereo camera and a block of three cameras. Filming results with the single stereo camera showed a measurement error of 5-10 centimeters at distances ranging from 0.3 to 1 meter from the object. For the three-camera block, the accuracy remained comparable. It was found that accuracy was higher at the center of the frame, with an average error of 3 centimeters at viewing angles near zero.(Conclusions) The study confirmed that the number of stereo pairs does not impact accuracy, and the observed error represents the accuracy limit for these stereo pairs in stereo vision applications.
Theoretical Aspects of Soil Layer Turnover Within the Boundaries of Its Own Furrow
Authors: Lobachevsky Ya. P. , Sharov V. V. , Aldoshin N. V. , Tsench Yu. S. , Zolotarev A. S.
Published: December 2024

The paper highlights that soil layer turnover remains the most widely used method of primary tillage. Among the existing techniques, smooth plowing without producing back ridges or furrows, which is achieved using reversible plows, best meets the high standards of modern agricultural practices. (Research purpose) The study aims to substantiate the kinematics of soil layer turnover within the boundaries of its own furrow without lateral displacement. (Materials and methods) In analyzing the kinematics, the soil layer is assumed to behave as a cohesive elastic substance undergoing deformation during turnover within its own furrow, without disintegration. This assumption is quite reasonable, as it is well-established that a sodded and moist layer can be extracted as a continuous, intact strip that retains its geometric dimensions when turned 180°. The trajectory of the layer is derived using classical methods of theoretical mechanics. (Results and discussions) The equations governing the motion of the soil layer points during turnover within its own furrow are analyzed. During this process, all points in the cross-section of the layer undergo spatial displacement. Changes in displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the i-th point of the hypothetical layer exhibit smooth dependencies described by trigonometric functions. However, at a rotation angle of ωt = π/2, an abrupt change occurs in the trajectories of displacement, velocity and acceleration graphs, indicating sharply variable loads acting on the soil layer at this point. The abrupt change is attributed to a shift in the support rib which serves as the axis for the rotation of the soil layer's crosssection. The center of gravity of the cross-section moves with variable velocity and acceleration, which indicates the presence of inertial forces. Overcoming these forces requires a certain amount of energy. (Conclusions) The energy required largely depends on the geometric parameters of the layer a, b and its rotation modes (ω). When the layer cross-section rotates by an angle When the layer cross-section rotates by an angle ωt = π/2 – γ, the vertical acceleration of the central point (О) reaches its maximum value. Under certain conditions, the soil layer may detach from the furrow bottom in this position. The kinematics analysis of a soil layer turnover within the boundaries of its own furrow reveals new phenomena occurring during its motion to identifies the patterns of influence that the soil layer's geometric parameters exert on its dynamic characteristics.