bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF CRYOTHERAPY AND MYOFASCIAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE IN CALF MUSCLE SPASTICITY IN SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN
Authors: Bele Ashish W.
Published: November 2021

The greatest substantial consequence of juvenile impairment is cerebral palsy (CP). Spasticity of numerous muscle groupings is common after Central Nervous System damage. Spasticity causes functioning issues. For individuals suffering from CP ankle anomalies seem strongly tied to workable limits. Spastic CP is highest frequent type of CP, which limits child's responsive status and prohibits them from participating in communal activities. Soft tissue mobilisation procedures would be used in variety ways. Cryotherapy is interventional method for stiffness in neurological patients that has narrow advantage. MFR can potentially utilised against spasticity. The focus of this investigation is to evaluate Cryotherapy and MFR influence over calf muscle stiffness in participants who have Spastic Diplegic CP. The survey's goal is to determine efficacy of Cryotherapy and MFR in calf muscle spasticity in Spastic diplegic CP subjects. Thirty individuals suffering spastic diplegic CP were chosen using randomized sampling procedure. The subjects was categorised onto 3 subgroups, each of ten individuals. Cryotherapy was applied to Group A, MFR was applied to B and C Group was applied with combination of cryotherapy and MFR. Both before and after therapy, MAS and goniometry are used to assess calf muscle spasticity and ankle PROM. Overall validity of MAS and PROM comparing before and after in subgroup was determined using Tukey Test. Spasticity was reduced and range of motion was improved (p<0.05) in intra group comparison. Cumulative influence of cryotherapy and MFR is beneficial in reducing calf muscle stiffness in spastic diplegic CP children, as per this investigation.
EFFECT OF KARATE EXERCISES ON IRREGULAR MENSTRUAL CYCLES IN COLLEGE GOING GIRLS- A PRE AND POST EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Naqvi Waqar M.
Published: November 2021

Studies which are done worldwide, have stated that 74% of adult women suffer from irregular menstrual cycles and other associated symptoms. They have also found that there is association between quality of life and irregular menstrual cycles and distress related to menstrual irregularities. This study was a pre and post experimental study, where 45 college going girls were screened for irregular menstrual cycles, followed by that, demographic details were taken and pre intervention BMI was calculated and menstrual distress questionnaire scores were analyzed. The Karate exercises included, 15 minutes of Running, 15 minutes of 100 punches, 100 kicks for 15 minutes, 15 minutes of Karate techniques and 10 minutes of Katas and 5 minutes of cool down exercises and breathing exercises. The results of pre and post interventions showed that the Karate exercises were effective on irregular menstrual cycles along with decrease in BMI levels and menstrual distress questionnaire scores including domains. Based on the results, the study can be concluded that, the Karate exercises are effective on irregular menstrual cycles along with reduction in BMI levels and menstrual distress questionnaire scores. In addition it showed the improvement in pain, negative thoughts, concentration related to menstrual irregularities. The study found that the karate exercises are mostly effective on menstrual distress than BMI levels.
THE EFFECT OF A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON CHANGES IN THE HEART RATE OF RATS SUBJECT TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Vakhitov Bulat Ildarovich
Published: November 2021

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the reaction of animal heart rate to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. It was revealed that on the first day after modeling an open head injury in rats of all age groups, a pronounced increase in heart rate was observed. In this case, the smallest heart rate response to brain injury is observed in animals of immature age. It was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of mature and preschool age after modeling a craniocerebral injury contributes to a significant decrease in heart rate. A more pronounced formation of training bradycardia is observed in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting motor activity and performing isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury maintain heart rate at an increased level in all age groups of animals and significantly inhibits the natural, age-related decrease in heart rate in immature animals.
THE EFFECT OF THE STABILITY OF THE FREE ANKLE JOINT ON THE GAIT BALANCE OF CHRONIC STROKE PATIENTS BY THE ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS
Authors: Sung Younbum
Published: November 2021

Stroke patients have high foot instability and a high risk of falling down in walking and standing positions due to muscle and sensory disorders. There are many patients who complain of inconvenience in their daily lives, but independent walking is very difficult. In this work, we explore the effect on walking and dynamic balance by securing internal and external stability of the foot. Fifteen participants participated in the experiment, with 10m walk tests, timed and go tests, and functional reach tests. The walk 10m test was not statistically significant, with 0.59 ± 0.23 m/s before the device was worn and 0.66 ± 0.29 m/s after the device was worn. Timed up and Go tests were statistically significant 26.57 ± 6.12 seconds before wearing the device, 22.31 ± 4.32 seconds after wearing the device, 222.59 ± 10.31 cm before wearing the device, and 230.93 ± 11.33 cm after wearing the device. Securing internal and external stability of the foot can have a positive impact on securing a dynamic balance in which weight movement is performed.
QSAR STUDIES OF SOME SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENT ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
Authors: Prachand Sumeet
Published: November 2021

Fracture of distal radius is the commonest fracture present in the upper limb. In fact, it is most commonly treated by the doctor. An outstretched hand is the most common cause of distal radius or wrist fractures. The fracture of distal radius can also lead to nerve injury mostly median nerve. Physical Therapy plays important role which provides positive effect in treating post fracture cases. A case of 45 years female is presented in this report who had a fall over right wrist joint and diagnosed with distal radius fracture and operated conservatively results into pain over wrist joint, decrease in physical activities. Rehabilitation protocol is explained below in the report. We report that there were improvement in patient outcomes level increases in muscles strength, provide pain relief and improvement in patient functional Independence.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF GRANISETRON IN BULK DRUG AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS EMPLOYING MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Mani Aravinth R
Published: November 2021

The study goal is to establish a sensitive, accurate, simple and validated Ultra violet (UV) spectrophotometric technique by multilinear regression method for the assessment of Granisetron in the bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. The multivariate calibration technique relies on linear regression equations and employs correlation between absorbance and concentration at five different wavelengths. The λmax of Granisetron was at 302 nm. The results were treated statistically. A linear plot was achieved in the concentration range of 10 - 30 μmol/L and regression coefficient was obtained to be 0.999. The percentage recovery was obtained in the range of 99.48 - 101.81 % w/w.
Pandemic Shock: Methodological Explanation and New Public Contract
Authors:   the Khabarovsk Legislative Assembly speaker, Zikunova I. V.
Published: November 2021

The pandemic shock manifested itself as a new phenomenon in the socio-economic dynamics, and thus necessitated a special reflection in the framework of the business cycle theory. In this study we present the results of theoretical positioning of a pandemic shock using the methodology of business cycle theory, in particular, using the principles of the impulse approach. To formulate conclusions, empirical data were used on the processes observed in 2020 in Russia, in the subsystems of supply and demand, in the system of state regulation. The conclusions obtained by the author can be used as sources for the formation of applied scientific problems for the continuation of research within the framework of the theory of business cycle at the post-industrial stage of socio-economic development. These conclusions include a statement of changes in the organization of labor and business operations, changes in the balance of mutual obligations of the parties to a social contract, conclusions about the emergence of new factors in the quality of human development.
Construction and improvement of the public health system in conditions of normalization of epidemic prevention and control (on the example of PRC)
Authors:   the Institute of sociology of the Academy of social sciences, the Heilongjiang Province, Yang D.
Published: November 2021

New coronavirus pneumonia has had a significant impact on people's health and safety since the outbreak in the early 2020. The latest version of the new coronavirus pneumonia virus is still spreading around the world. China's public health system has passed a severe test: under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the joint efforts of people of all ethnic groups, China won a great victory in the anti-epidemic campaign. Nevertheless, the public health system has also identified some challenges that need to be actively addressed in the area of medicine and health during the prevention and control of epidemics. This article deals with these issues.
Experiment in the development of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Chairman of the Government of the Khabarovsk territory, Degtyarev M. V.
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the theme of application of experimental methods in public administration in the Russian Far East. The author shows specifics of this meta-region, the history of its development. The article shows the general concept of experiment in the public administration. The article focuses on the prospects for development of this region.
Prospects of interaction of police and people’s guards in the region: experience of sociological analysis
Authors:   the Far-Eastern law institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Kleymenov Ye. A. , Chepikov Ye. V. ,   the Far-Eastern law institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: November 2021

Based on the results of quantitative and qualitative sociological surveys, the article outlines the prospects for interaction between the police and people's guards in the Khabarovsk territory. On the one hand, the estimates of increase in the number and effectiveness of these law enforcement associations are shown, on the other, the directions for improving their activities in the region are given. The study showed that the main measures to optimize interaction of the people's guards with the police should be aimed at increasing the motivation and involvement of different segments of the population in the work of people's guards. The key areas of such work should be information and explanatory work in relation to the volunteers and volunteers with the active civic position, youth, primarily students, pensioners of power structures, employees of budgetary institutions and organizations, an increase in the level of material incentives for vigilantes and financial support of the people's guards, improvement of legal security of vigilantes, as well as changes in the ideological and motivational aspects of their activities.
Population Pharmacokinetics And Bayesian Estimation of Mycophenolate Mofetil In Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Nanga Tom , Woillard Jean-Baptiste , Rousseau Annick , Marquet Pierre , Prémaud Aurélie
Published: November 2021

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the most widely used
second-line agent in auto-immune hepatitis (AIH). It is generally
titrated up to patient response and continued for at least two years
following complete liver enzyme normalization. However, in this
maintenance phase individual dose adjustment to reach mycophenolic acid
(MPA) exposure with the best benefit-risk probability may avoid adverse
outcomes. The aim of the present study was to develop population
pharmacokinetic (popPK) models and Maximum A-Posteriori Bayesian
estimators (MAP-BEs) to estimate MPA inter-dose area under the curve
(AUC0-12h) in AIH patients administered MMF using nonlinear mixed effect
modelling. Methods: We analysed 50 MPA PK profiles from 34 different
patients, together with some demographic, clinical, and laboratory test
data. The median number of samples per profile, immediately preceding
and following the morning MMF dose, was 7 [4 – 10]. PopPK modeling
was performed using parametric, top-down, nonlinear mixed effect
modelling with NONMEM 7.3. MAP-BEs were developed based on the the best
popPK model and the best limited sampling strategy (LSS) selected among
several. Results: The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a
2-compartment model, Erlang distribution to describe the absorption
phase, and a proportional error. The best MAP-BE relied on the LSS at
0.33, 1 and 3 hours after mycophenolate mofetil dose administration and
was very accurate (bias=5.6%) and precise (RMSE<20%).
Conclusion: The precise and accurate Bayesian estimator developed in
this study for AIH patients on MMF can be used to improve the
therapeutic management of these patients.
Trends in Cystic Fibrosis survival over 40 years in South Africa: an observational cohort study
Authors: Zampoli Marco , Kassanjee Reshma , Verstraete Janine , Westwood Anthony , Zar Heather , Morrow Brenda
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Temporal trends in CF survival from low-middle-income
settings are poorly reported. We describe changes in CF survival after
diagnosis over 40 years from a South African (SA) CF center. Methods: An
observational cohort study of people diagnosed with CF from 1974 to
2019. Changes in age-specific mortality rates from the year 2000 (versus
before 2000) were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression. Data
were stratified by current age < or ≥ 10 years and models
controlled for diagnosis age, sex, ethnicity, genotype, and P.
aeruginosa (PA) infection. A second analysis explored association of
mortality with weight and FEV1z-scores at age 5-8 years. Results: 288
people (52% male; 57% Caucasian; 44% p.Phe508del homozygous) were
included (median diagnosis age 0.5 years: Q1,Q3: 0.2, 2.5); 58 (35%)
died and 30 (10%) lost to follow-up. Among age >10 years,
age-specific mortality from year 2000 was significantly lower (adjusted
hazard ratio aHR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06,0.29; p<0.001), but not
among age <10 years (aHR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.28,1.64; p=0.383).
In children <10 years, Caucasian ethnicity was associated with
lower mortality (aHR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05,0.63), and time since first PA
infection with higher mortality (aHR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01,1.68). Mortality
was 7-fold higher if FEV1z was < -2.0 at age 5-8 years (aHR
7.64; 95% CI 2.58,22.59). Conclusion: Overall, CF survival has
significantly improved in SA from year 2000 in people older than 10
years. However, increased risk of mortality persists in young
non-Caucasian children, and with FEV1z<-2.0 at age 5-8 years.
Persuasion or Manipulation: A Political Discourse Study of Al-Aswany’s Op-ed Post-Revolution Articles
Authors: AbdelFattah Mona A. S.
Published: November 2021

The study is concerned with Al-Aswany’s political opinion articles that
have been published since 2011 until 2014. The study investigates
whether Al-Aswany persuades or manipulates the reader. Using VanDijk’s
model, presuppositions as well as the directives in Hyland’s model of
interaction, the study aims at analyzing how Al-Aswany manipulates the
reader. Moreover, the study is set to find out whether a correlation
between the use of directives and manipulation exists.  The data used,
in this study, are drawn from Al-Aswany’s opinion articles that have
been published in Al-Masry Al-Youm newspaper. The researcher has
selected two articles from each year: 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. All in
all, eight selected articles are gathered for a qualitative analysis.
Izmeneniya tanicitov i associirovannyh s nimi kletochnyh populyacij arkuatnogo yadra v streptozocinovoj modeli bolezni Al'cgejmera
Authors: Воронков Д. Н. , Ставровская А. В. , Гущина А. С. , Ольшанский А. С.
Published: November 2021

Predpolagaetsya, chto disfunkciya tanicitov mozhet byt' odnim iz zven'ev patogeneza kak bolezni Al'cgejmera, tak i diabeta 2-go tipa. Cel'yu raboty bylo oharakterizovat' morfologicheskie izmeneniya tanicitov pri modelirovanii bolezni Al'cgejmera. Krysam linii Vistar vvodili streptozocin v doze 3 mg/kg v lateral'nye zheludochki mozga dlya modelirovaniya bolezni Al'cgejmera. Ocenivali izmeneniya tanicitov gipotalamusa cherez 2, 4 nedeli, 3 i 6 mesyacev posle vvedeniya toksina. Immunogistohimicheskim metodom vyyavlyali markernye belki tanicitov (vimentin, nestin), astroglii (GFAP, glutaminsintetazy) i nejronov (HuC/D), a takzhe ocenivali proliferaciyu kletok (po belku Ki67) i mitohondrial'nye izmeneniya (mitohondrial'nyj kompleks IV, PGC1a). Vvedenie streptozocina privelo k nakopleniyu β-amiloidnogo peptida v gipotalamuse i uvelicheniyu razmerov zheludochkov (p < 0,001). Streptozocin povrezhdal kak α1/α2, tak i β1-tanicity. Intensivnost' okrashivaniya na vimentin α1/α2 tanicitov snizhalas' k 4-j nedele (p = 0,003), a β1-tanicitov — cherez tri mesyaca (p < 0,001). Tu zhe napravlennost' izmenenij nablyudali i dlya nestina. Snizhalos' chislo Ki67+ yader (p < 0,05) i menyalas' ekspressiya belkov, svyazannyh s mitohondriyami. K 4-j nedele posle vvedeniya toksina plotnost' tanicitov gipotalamusa snizhalas'. Krome togo, vyyavili aktivaciyu astroglii, odnako vyrazhennogo povrezhdeniya kak astrocitov, tak i nejronov do chetyrekh nedel' posle vvedeniya streptozocina ne nablyudali. Vyyavlennaya povyshennaya uyazvimost' tanicitov k dejstviyu streptozocina soglasuetsya s predpolozheniem o roli povrezhdeniya struktur gipotalamusa v razvitii kak lokal'nyh, tak i sistemnyh metabolicheskih narushenij pri modelirovanii bolezni Al'cgejmera.
Hesitantly towards mutual recognition of “vaccination passports”. A survey on potential ubiquity in administrative law
Authors: HANDRLICA Jakub
Published: November 2021

The problem of potential ubiquity emerged in administrative law because of transboundary circulation of various certificates, licences and permits. These documents, approving certain facts, may appear before an administrative authority of another State. Thus, the applicable regime of public law must qualify the legal consequences of such documents in the realm of the applicable administrative law. This article aims to discuss this problem with regard to the challenges arising in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemics. Prospective introduction of “immunity certificates” and “vaccination passports” in various jurisdictions and the need to establish mutual recognition of such “passports” and “certificates” is the subject of attention. The article points out existence of several dogmatic approaches to the fact that foreign administrations have either approved a fact, or granted a right. Some of these dogmatic approaches have been reflected in the written law. However, at the same time, in theory, other solutions than those provided by the current legal framework would also be theoretically possible. The importance of these theoretical considerations is demonstrated regarding the very current discussions on the introduction of “immunity certificates” and “vaccination passports”.
Foreign law in higher courts practice. The key characteristics of Georgian private international law
Authors: MSKHVILIDZE Tamar
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to investigate the application of foreign law in higher courts practice. The process of determining a foreign law raises practical difficulties, as a judge must apply not just foreign law acts, but also the case law and interpretation with which it is applied in another State. In private international law process the effectiveness of the application of foreign law depends on how correctly and delicately can the higher courts review decisions made by the first instances. In some countries, higher courts have the power to control the correct application or non-application of foreign law by judges, but in some cases, such courts lack this ability. In spite of the development of comparative jurisprudence and modern information technologies, none of the countries’ judge can have a claim on exact knowing of relevant standards of the law of foreign countries. Consequently, the danger of making a mistake is more greater when it comes to interpreting and applying foreign law. Thus, it cannot be expected that the higher court should be able to review interpretation of foreign law acts applied by the lower courts and to provide that this interpretation is relevant to that which the practice of the foreign country would adopt on the same question. There is an opinion that the higher courtsshould refrain from control the wrong application of foreign law in order to guard their own authority, as there is a high risk of misinterpretation of a foreign rule. The different aspects of this problem will be examined in this article.
Prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India
Authors: NATH ANITA , VENKATESH SHUBHASHREE , VINDHYA J. , BALAN SHEEBA , METGUD CHANDRA S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is recognized as an important public health problem globally as well as in India. It may result in adverse physical and mental health consequences for the victim or unfavourable pregnancy outcomes if it happens during pregnancy. The possible risk factors for IPV can be explained by four levels of ecological factors: individual, partner, household and community. We estimated the prevalence of IPV and its association with selected ecological risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at a public sector hospital in Bengaluru, southern India.

Methods

We included 350 women above the age of 18 years with a confirmed pregnancy of less than 24 weeks and having no obstetric complication. We used the Conflict Tactics Scale to determine the presence of IPV. The risk factors measured were—individual level:respondent’s age, education, occupation, gravidity, planned or unplanned pregnancy, substance abuse, presence of depression and anxiety;partner-related:spouse’s education, occupation and marital discord;household/community-related:socioeconomic status, social support, religion and consanguinity.

Results

The prevalence of IPV was 3.7%. Factors that were significantly associated on multivariate analysis were higher age (above 20 years) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.82 [1.12–2.97], p=0.016) and presence of depression (AOR 6.84 [1.76–26.61], p=0.005).

Conclusion

The prevalence of IPV was less in our study population compared to figures reported from other Indian study settings.
Planificación para la equidad en la salud en la Región de las Américas: análisis de los planes nacionales de salud
Authors: Kavanagh Matthew M. , Norato Laura , Friedman Eric A. , Armbrister Adria N.
Published: November 2021

Cada vez más se reconoce que las mejoras en la salud y el bienestar no se han registrado por igual en las poblaciones de la Región de las Américas. En este artículo se analizan 32 políticas, estrategias y planes nacionales del sector de la salud en diez áreas diferentes de la equidad en la salud para comprender, desde una perspectiva, cómo se está abordando el tema de la equidad en la Región. Se encontraron variaciones significativas en la sustancia y estructura de la manera en que los planes de salud manejan el problema. Casi todos los países incluyen explícitamente la equidad en la salud como un objetivo claro y la mayoría de los países abordan los determinantes sociales de la salud. Los procesos participativos documentados seguidos en la formulación de estos planes abarcan desde inexistentes hasta extensos y bien concebidos. Muchos planes incluyen políticas sólidas centradas en la equidad, como las destinadas a mejorar la accesibilidad física de la atención de salud y aumentar el acceso asequible a los medicamentos, pero ningún país incluye todos los aspectos examinados. Los países consideran a las poblaciones marginadas en sus planes, aunque solo una cuarta parte incluye específicamente a los afrodescendientes y más de la mitad no abordan a los pueblos indígenas, incluso algunos con grandes poblaciones indígenas. Cuatro incluyen atención a los migrantes. A pesar de que incluyen objetivos sobre la equidad en la salud y datos sobre las inequidades como parámetros de referencia, menos de la mitad de los países se fijan objetivos con plazos específicos para reducir las desigualdades absolutas o relativas en el ámbito de la salud. Rara vez se encuentran en los planes mecanismos claros de rendición de cuentas, como la educación, la presentación de informes o mecanismos para hacer respetar los derechos. El compromiso casi unánime entre los países de la Región de las Américas con la equidad en la salud ofrece una oportunidad importante. Aprender de los planes más sólidos centrados en la equidad podría proporcionar una hoja de ruta para los esfuerzos tendientes a traducir las metas amplias en objetivos con plazos definidos y, finalmente, aumentar la equidad.
Some Exact Solutions in General Relativity
Authors:   , Boonserm Petarpa
Published: November 2021

In this thesis four separate problems in general relativity are considered, divided into two separate themes: coordinate conditions and perfect fluid spheres. Regarding coordinate conditions we present a pedagogical discussion of how the appropriate use of coordinate conditions can lead to simplifications in the form of the spacetime curvature — such tricks are often helpful when seeking specific exact solutions of the Einstein equations. Regarding perfect fluid spheres we present several methods of transforming any given perfect fluid sphere into a possibly new perfect fluid sphere.

This is done in three qualitatively distinct manners: The first set of solution generating theorems apply in Schwarzschild curvature coordinates, and are phrased in terms of the metric components: they show how to transform one static spherical perfect fluid spacetime geometry into another. A second set of solution generating theorems extends these ideas to other coordinate systems (such as isotropic, Gaussian polar, Buchdahl, Synge, and exponential coordinates), again working directly in terms of the metric components. Finally, the solution generating theorems are rephrased in terms of the TOV equation and density and pressure profiles. Most of the relevant calculations are carried out analytically, though some numerical explorations are also carried out.
Four Cities & a Region: Integrated Transport, Land Use Planning as a Sustainable Transport Solution for the Welllington Region
Authors:   , Chapman Susan
Published: November 2021

Greater Wellington Regional Council is responsible for the Regional Land Transport Strategy(RLTS) for the Wellington region, comprising of four cities, numerous towns and governedby eight disparate territorial authorities. The strong central core of Wellington City and thegeographically enforced ‘Y’ formation of the transport corridor have traditionally dominatedthe region’s urban development. To date, transport and land use planning in the region havebeen undertaken independently, when research demonstrates that a combination of land use,transport, financial and regulatory planning mechanisms are required to establish a successfulsustainable transport solution. This research examines six different policy interventionscenarios, and identifies the optimal transport - land use intervention (for growth projectionsto 2026) as the densification of development around key public transport nodes. This policyintervention meets the RLTS vision of providing a balanced and sustainable transport systemthrough the increased adoption of active modes across all trip types of short duration, anincrease in public transport use for longer distance trips and an overall decrease in daily tripsby car.
A Case Study into the Environmental Context of Walking School Buses and Other Modes of Travel Used for the Journey to School
Authors:   , Forne John
Published: November 2021

The journey to school involves a number of different modes of travel. Approximatelyhalf of all journeys to school in New Zealand rely on the use of an automobile. Thisheavy dependence on automobiles involves a number of environmental detractions.

Walking School Buses provide an alternative to cars as a mode of travel for thejourney to school. This mode of travel compares favourably in a number of respectswhen compared to other modes of travel and is generating considerable interest.

Based on a case study involving in-depth interviews with ten caregivers this papercompares whether and how Walking School Buses emerged from a different socialand cultural background when compared to other modes of travel. Four keyinfluences, in particular parenting culture, the work commitments that caregivershave, the risks posed by strangers and traffic, and the social fragmentation ofneighbourhoods were found to be significant in shaping the journey to school. Basedon finding a number of similarities between different modes of travel to school it isconcluded that the journey to school is embedded in a wider system of social andcultural ideas that shape Walking School Buses and other modes of travel alike.
Prosthodontic Perspectives in Mucormycosis: A Review
Authors: Kumar P Roshan , Kalavathy N , M Shetty Mitha , K Sanketh Archana , Venkataramani Anuradha , SV Ramyashree
Published: November 2021

Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis, a fateful fungal infection which was commonly known to affect the immunocompromised patients, is now thriving in conjunction with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical intervention are the key factors to extricate the patients. However, this leads to abundant hard and soft tissue loss, leaving behind a huge orofacial defect, along with certain morbidities and psychological trauma, necessitating surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation. The present paper reviews on role of prosthodontist in various stages of treatment for mucormycosis patients. It also summarizes several treatment modalities including recent trends to rehabilitate the defect and restore the patients’ quality of life.
Efficacy of Different Irrigating Systems on Debris and Smear Layer Removal: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: P Manjunath , I Sujatha , KB Jayalakshmi , Nadig Prasannalatha , Shetty Shibani , Joseph Merlin Ann
Published: November 2021

Background: The goal of this research was to see how effective various irrigation methods were at eliminating smear layer and debris. Study design: Sixty extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. The root canals were shaped with a WaveOne large (040.08) rotary file after decoronating all the teeth to a uniform 16 mm root length. Root canals were rinsed with 6 ml of 2.5 percent sodium hypochlorite solution during instrumentation. After instrumentation, teeth were arbitrarily classified into four categories, each containing 15 specimens according to the technique of activation of final irrigant. Smear Clear solution (6 ml) was employed in all the categories as irrigating solution. In Group1- Rotary canal brush, Group 2 – EndoActivator, Group 3 – Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 4 – Continuous ultrasonic irrigation was employed. After sectioning the roots longitudinally, the apical, middle and coronal thirds of the canals were inspected with the help of scanning electron microscopy. Results: Group 4 was most effective in eliminating debris and smear layer at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. But Group 4 was not significantly different to Group 3 at the middle third in eliminating debris and at middle third and apical third in elimination of smear layer. Conclusion: Continuous ultrasonic irrigation eliminated debris and smear layer most effectively, followed by PUI, EndoActivator, and Rotary canal brush. Keywords: Smear layer, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation, Continuous ultrasonic irrigation, EndoActivator, Rotary canal brush
Lexicographical online sources in the work of the translator from the Lithuanian language
Authors: Kozachuk Andrii
Published: November 2021

The use of lexicographic sources plays an important role in the professional training and professional activity of translators not only in Ukraine but also abroad. The object of the article are online tools that can be used when translating from Lithuanian into Ukrainian. The purpose of the study is to outline the advantages and disadvantages of such tools. To achieve this goal a functional research method was used.

The results of the study. Despite the development of information and communication technologies, it is currently impossible to perform a translation of high quality without human participation. The quality of machine translation also depends on the language pair, so the Lithuanian-Ukrainian translation has to use an intermediary language (English, Russian or Polish). The resource called “Dictionary of the Lithuanian language” (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas) appears to be most useful in such circumstances. It contains several sections, including bilingual dictionaries for 17 language pairs. Though they do not include Ukrainian, but they include all three intermediary languages mentioned. The advantage of the bilingual dictionary is the large number of entries and meanings (direct and figurative, as well as ones in different contexts and grammatical forms), special markings, etc., also the search for dictionary entries by means of the basic Roman characters. Disadvantages include the illogical way of formatting the text and the lack of a hyperlink system that would allow the user to quickly jump to any other entry without entering a query in the search bar, as well as searching only the basic grammatical word-form. Other sections of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language also have the online translator (based on Google Translate), the training subportal with a complex structure, the dictionaries of terms, spelling, word forms, synonyms and antonyms. Given the high degree of inflectedness of the Lithuanian language, the dictionary of word forms is important, for it comprises all grammatical forms of inflected Lithuanian words included in the bilingual dictionaries. In general, the advantages of the “Dictionary of the Lithuanian language” are accessibility and intuitive interface, and the disadvantages make a large number of advertisements and a monolingual interface. The perspective research is possible as empirical study of the considered and similar resources in the context of their use in translation and education.
Stego-eHealth: An eHealth System for Secured Transfer of Medical Images using Image Steganography
Authors: Subramanian Nandhini , Kunhoth , Jayakanth , Al-Maadeed Somaya , Bouridane Ahmed
Published: November 2021

COVID pandemic has necessitated the need for virtual and online health care systems to avoid contacts. The transfer of sensitive medical information including the chest and lung X-ray happens through untrusted channels making it prone to many possible attacks. This paper aims to secure the medical data of the patients using image steganography when transferring through untrusted channels. A deep learning method with three parts is proposed – preprocessing module, embedding network and the extraction network. Features from the cover image and the secret image are extracted by the preprocessing module. The merged features from the preprocessing module are used to output the stego image by the embedding network. The stego image is given as the input to the extraction network to extract the ingrained secret image. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) are the evaluation metrics used. Higher PSNR value proves the higher security; robustness of the method and the image results show the higher imperceptibility. The hiding capacity of the proposed method is 100% since the cover image and the secret image are of the same size.
Blink Rate vs Inner Self-perceived Cognitive State while using Virtual Reality Applications with Haptic Devices
Authors: Ottakath Najmath , Al Maadeed Somaya , Al Jaam Jihad , Saleh Moutaz
Published: November 2021

On average, humans blink between eight and 21 times per minute while resting. Eye actions are influenced by external and internal stimuli. This can be utilized to measure internal cognition specifically focus and attention while performing tasks. In this experiment, an individual’s self-perceived focus, attention and interaction level is collected and then correlated with eye blinks rate. The subjects are observed while performing experiments using haptic devices in a virtual environment. The experiment was modulated based on network quality and hardware quality to further quantify the effect of each scenario on subjects’ intrinsic and extrinsic focus indicators. The experiment quantified the blinks and formulated a correlation between subjects’ own perception of the event using statistical analysis. It can be found that there is an acceptable correlation between certain indicators, network quality, fatigue, stress, focus and enjoyability of the experiments. A good quality hardware and network did enhance the experience in all the subjects indicating a need for enhanced services for haptic and immersed mixed reality activities directly affecting the cognition especially in education tools. It can be inferred that eye blink rate can be used as an additional tool for measuring the cognition of individuals experience using haptic and virtual reality tools.
Anomaly Detection in Blockchain-enabled Supply Chain: An Ontological Approach
Authors: Abu Musa Tahani Hussein , Bouras Abdelaziz
Published: November 2021

In our proposed work, we propose an anomaly detection framework, for detecting anomalous transactions in business processes from transaction event logs. Such a framework will help enhance the accuracy of anomaly detection in the global Supply Chain, improve the multi-level business processes workflow in the Supply Chain domain, and will optimize the processes in the Supply Chain in terms of security and automation. In the proposed work Ontology is utilized to provide anomaly classification in business transactions, based on crafted SWRL rules for that purpose. Our work has been evaluated based on logs generated from simulating a generic business process model related to a procurement scenario, and the findings show that our framework can detect and classify anomalous transactions form those logs.
Stop Tuberkulosis Melalui Pendekatan Model Information Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB)
Authors: Adriani Rita Benya , Astuti Dyah Dwi , Handayani Tri Widyastuti
Published: November 2021

Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesehatan global terutama yang terjadi di negara berkembang dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penatalaksanaan tuberkulosis di Indonesia mengalami kendala antara lain kegagalan pengobatan dan stigma negatif. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi dini, serta meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketrampilan dalam pencegahan penularan tuberkulosis dengan melibatkan kader kesehatan, tokoh masyarakat, dan puskesmas pembina wilayah. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan melalui pendekatan model information, motivation, and behavioral skills berdasarkan hasil evidence based practice. Deteksi dini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 orang (4,7%) yang mengalami gejala utama tuberkulosis yaitu batuk berdahak 2 minggu atau lebih. Gejala tambahan yang paling sering dialami berupa penurunan berat badan dijumpai sebanyak 8 orang (18,6%). Mayoritas masyarakat mempunyai information, motivation, and behavioral skills yang positif setelah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketrampilan dalam pencegahan tuberkulosis. Rekomendasi kegiatan ini adalah untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat secara berkelanjutan dengan melibatkan stakeholder terkait dan pendekatan model information, motivation, and behavioral skills.
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A Study on the Impact of Lecturer Competence at IAIN Lhokseumawe
Authors: Rahmah Syarifah , Fadhli Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study aims to determine the effect of lecturer competence on the character of students at IAIN Lhokseumawe. The research method used is quantitative with a path analysis model. The research subjects were students of IAIN Lhokseumawe. With a total sample of 351 people. Sampling was done using the proportional random sampling technique. Based on the research findings, professional competence has the strongest and most significant impact on character development followed by pedagogical, social, and personality competencies. This finding implies that higher education institutions need to develop lecturers' competencies, especially professional competencies to realize better character education among universities.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi Dosen terhadap karakter mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan model analisis jalur. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 351 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik proporstional random sampling. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi profesional memiliki dampak paling kuat dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan karakter diikuti oleh kompetensi paedagogik, sosial dan kepribadian. Temuan ini berimplikasi bahwa lembaga pendidikan tinggi perlu mengembangkan kompetensi dosen terutama kompetensi profesional guna mewujudkan pendidikan karakter yang lebih baik di kalangan perguruan tinggi.

Keywords: pedagogical, professional, personality, social, Islamic student character
Research capacity of the most influential Vietnamese authors in 2021
Authors: Phi Hàn Vi
Published: November 2021

Dr. Út writes in his article that the results are encouraging and reflect a rising trend of scientific research in Vietnam. Top-cited scholars help improve international recognition of Vietnamese research communities.
The reasonable, the rational, and the good: On folk theories of deliberate sound judgment
Authors: Grossmann Igor , Kachhiyapatel Niyati , Meyers Ethan Andrew , Hanxiao Zhang , Eibach Richard
Published: November 2021

Judgment is often described in terms of an intuitive (System 1) versus deliberative (System 2) dichotomy, yet sound deliberation itself can take more than one form. Building on philosophical traditions and distinctions in treatment of sound judgment in economics and law, we propose that lay conceptions revolve around two distinct types of deliberate judgment: rational, emphasizing rule-based and utility-focused reasoning for well-defined problems, and reasonable, prioritizing context-sensitive and socially conscious reasoning for ill-defined problems. Across four studies in English-speaking Western samples (Studies 1–4; N = 2,130) and a Mandarin-speaking Chinese sample (Study 4; N = 697), participants described their notions of “sound” and “good” judgment, evaluated social scenarios, chose between candidates with distinct judgmental profiles, and categorized non-social objects. Results consistently showed that people view both rationality and reasonableness as common forms of deliberate sound judgment, while treating them as distinct. Participants preferred rational deliberation for algorithmic social roles linked to well-defined tasks and reasonable deliberation for interpretive roles linked to ill-defined tasks. Moreover, framing decisions as rational vs. reasonable influenced whether participants relied on rule-based vs. overall-similarity strategies in classification tasks. These findings suggest that lay understanding of sound judgment does not rely on a single standard of judgmental competence. Instead, people recognize that both rationality and reasonableness are critical for competent deliberation on different types of problems in life.
The Plausibility Gap: A model of sensemaking
Authors: Klein Gary , Jalaeian Mohammadreza , Hoffman Robert , Mueller Shane T.
Published: November 2021

When people make plausibility judgments about an assertion, an event, or a piece of evidence, they are gauging whether it makes sense. Therefore, we can treat plausibility judgments as sensemaking activities. In this paper, we review the research literature, presenting the different ways that plausibility has been defined and measured. Then we describe the research program that allowed us to formulate our sensemaking perspective on plausibility. The model is based on an analysis of 23 cases, most of which involved understanding and interacting with information technology. The resulting model describes the user’s attempts to construct a narrative as a state transition string, relying on plausibility judgments.
Beyond Virtue Signaling: Perceived Motivations for Pronoun Sharing
Authors: Kodipady Aditi , Kraft-Todd Gordon , Sparkman Gregg , Hu Blair , Young Liane
Published: November 2021

Sharing one’s pronouns when introducing oneself is an emerging practice intended to prevent assumptions of what pronouns to use when referring to others. This practice may make people comfortable sharing their pronouns so that they are not misgendered and may signal inclusiveness to transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people. How do people in the United States perceive the motivations behind pronoun sharing? Three preregistered experiments (N=2,641), in addition to three pilot studies (N=8,219; results presented in SI), conducted in the US reveal that people perceive at least three underlying motivations for pronoun sharing when they learn that someone shared their pronouns in a workplace introduction: reputation signaling (trying to enhance one’s own reputation), identity signaling (straightforwardly indicating one’s identity and how one would like to be addressed), and norm support (sincerely endorsing pronoun sharing as a norm). We also show that the sharer’s TGNB identity influences the motivations that observers infer. In general, we find that perceptions of straightforward identity signaling and collective benefit-oriented norm support are higher, and perceptions of self-oriented reputation signaling are lower, when the sharer is transgender rather than cisgender. This research provides a novel characterization of social perceptions of trans-inclusive behavior.
Gender differences among first authors in research focused on the Sustainable Development Goal of Gender Equality
Authors: Shang Yuanyuan , Sivertsen Gunnar , Cao Zhe , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2021

In 2016, the United Nations officially launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address urgent global challenges over the next 15 years. Among the seventeen SDGs, Gender Equality (SDG5) is recognized as important for the achievement of the other sixteen goals because gender inequality exists across education, employment opportunities, healthcare facilities, life expectancy, family life, and political participation, thereby holding back the capacity of half of the world’s population to contribute to solutions to the global challenges. This bibliometric study explores gender balance and differences within SDG5 oriented research during the first five years after the implementation of SDG5 in 2016. Unlike most research oriented at other SDGs, this field of research has low activity and a dominance of female researchers. Within the field, male and female researchers focus on partly different topics. Publications by male researchers tend to be more cited while potential readers show more interest in publications by female researchers. This investigation highlights the importance of increasing gender diversity in SDG5-related studies, which is helpful for the achievement of sustainable development.