bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 3D Fully Non-Hydrostatic Model for Free-Surface Flows with Complex Immersed Boundaries
Authors: Lo Der-Chang , Tsai Yuan-Shiang
Published: November 2022

A fully non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model is developed to simulate a three-dimensional, incompressible, and viscous free-surface flow passing downstream rigid rectangular and circular cylinders. A direct numerical simulation (DNS) based on the volume of fluid (VOF) and immersed boundary (IB) method is presented for solving the Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical scheme provides accurate solutions with high efficiency using the novel computational procedure to model severe surface deformations. A staggered finite difference method with a Cartesian mesh coordinate system is used to discretize the governing equations with the complexity of the deformed free-surface flow, for which the numerical schemes include a free-surface tracking technique based on the VOF and a VOS-based IB method to simulate 3D dam-break flows passing the slender objects. Additionally, the case studies demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the proposed model to predict the impact forces of the surface flow against the different configurations of structures. The results reveal that the temporal variation of the impact force acted on the rectangular obstacle is dominated by the aspect ratio. The force increases with the increase in the shape parameter. The resistance caused by a thin obstacle is considerably less than the blunt shape.
Linking the Community and Metacommunity Perspectives: Biotic Relationships Are Key in Benthic Diatom Ecology
Authors: Álvarez-Cobelas Miguel , Rojo Carmen
Published: November 2022

The ecology of benthic diatoms is scarce in diatom reviews, and it seems that the loss of interest in their local ecology (populations–communities) coincides with an increase in metacommunity studies. We include a review of the latter to highlight some unresolved issues. We aim to demonstrate the relevance of local population–community ecology for a better understanding of the metacommunity by addressing gaps such as the relevance of biotic relationships. We analyzed 132 assemblages of benthic diatoms from two neighboring catchments, with varying altitudes, lentic and lotic waters and substrates. Population–community features (e.g., populations’ relative abundance and alpha diversity) and metacommunity descriptors (e.g., beta diversity indices) were related to likely control factors such as space, catchment features, local physico-chemistry and biotic environment. Our results confirm the relevant role of local interactions between diatoms and with the biotic environment as the mechanism in assembly communities. Moreover, abiotic habitat stability enhances alternative assemblages, which are the base of the metacommunity structure, mostly by taxa sorting and mass effects. Our results suggest that in order to better disclose factors controlling metacommunities, we must study their communities at local scales where mechanisms that explain their assemblage occur, as this is the bridge to a better understanding of benthic diatom ecology.
Enhanced Removal of Sb (III) by Hydroxy-Iron/Acid–Base-Modified Sepiolite: Surface Structure and Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Zou Yu , Ren Bozhi , He Zhendong , Deng Xinping
Published: November 2022

To improve the removal of antimony (Sb) from contaminated water, sepiolite (Sep) was chosen as the feedstock, modified with an acid–base and a ferric ion to yield a hydroxy-iron/acid–base-modified sepiolite composite (HI/ABsep). The surface structure of the HI/ABsep and the removal effect of the HI/ABsep on Sb (III) were investigated using potassium tartrate of antimony as the source of antimony and HI/ABsep as the adsorbent. The structural features of the HI/ABsep were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, PXRD, BET, and XPS methods. Static adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the Sb (III) adsorbed by HI/ABsep. This demonstrates that sepiolite has a well-developed pore structure and is an excellent scaffold for the formation of hydroxy-iron. HI/ABsep adsorption of Sb (III) showed the best fit to the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich model. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity of the HI/ABsep regarding Sb (III) from Langmuir’s model is 25.67 mg/g at 298 K. Based on the research results, the HI/ABsep has the advantages of easy synthesis and good adsorption performance and has the potential to become a remediation for wastewater contaminated with the heavy metal Sb (III).
Disinfection of Outdoor Livestock Water Troughs: Effect of TiO2-Based Coatings and UV-A LED
Authors: Pascagaza-Rubio Heidi Dayana , Godbout Stéphane , Palacios Joahnn H. , Cinq-Mars Dany , Côté Caroline , Rousseau Alain N. , Fournel Sébastien
Published: November 2022

The control of pathogens is of great importance to maintaining safe water quality for animal consumption and reducing the spread of pathogens in the environment and throughout the production chain. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an attractive nanoparticle for disinfection purposes because it is easy to use, highly effective under UV radiation and cost effective. The goal of this study was to assess the disinfection effectiveness of TiO2-coated materials (high-density polyethylene, HDPE and stainless steel, SS) and UV-A LED light of non-coated materials, and the impacts of temperature and bacteria concentration in disinfection. Three TiO2 composites, two synthesized and one commercial (namely, TiO2, Ag- TiO2 and P25 TiO2), were assessed for their removal photocatalytic efficiency of methylene blue (10 mg/L). P25 TiO2 showed fast photocatalytic efficiency after two hours of treatment, reaching 98% efficiency after 4 h. The immobilization method M1 (fast cured epoxy) of particles in the material showed the best adhesion to substrates (scale = 4 ASTM D 3359) and for TiO2-coated stainless steel in a pre-disinfection test at a temperature of 32.3 °C and efficiency of 55.2%. There were statistically significant differences in disinfection treatments between of TiO2-coated and non-coated materials under the influence of UV-A LED light (p < 0.05) at a control temperature of 26 °C. The resulting disinfection efficiencies for typical trough materials (coated (C) or non-coated (NC) HDPE; and SS) were ranked as follows: SS-C-Light (100%) > SS-Light (81.4%) > HDPE-C-Light (63.9%) > HDPE-Light (51.3%). High ambient temperature and initial bacteria concentration tended to reduce the disinfection efficiency. The presence of TiO2 on the coated surface was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (EDS). These results demonstrate the disinfection potential of TiO2-coated materials and UV-A LED light, and thus, they should be considered as valuable alternatives to deal with persistent E. coli contamination of cattle troughs.
Preparation of Hydrogels Based Radix Isatidis Residue Grafted with Acrylic Acid and Acrylamide for the Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Zhu Hai , Ke Ting , Gu Yonge , Wang Huiyao , Xu Pei
Published: November 2022

A series of hydrogels as biosorbents to remove heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+) were prepared using Radix Isatidis residues as material grafted with acrylic acid and acrylamide. The surfaces of Radix Isatidis residue/acrylic acid-co-acrylamide (RIR/AA-co-AM), Radix Isatidis residue/polyacrylamide (RIR/PAM3), and Radix Isatidis residue/polyacrylic acid (RIR/PAA4) hydrogels have a sponge-like, three-dimensional, and highly microporous structure. The hydrogels all have considerable swelling properties and the swelling rate of RIR/PAA4 is the highest at 9240%. The hydrogels all possess high adsorptivity to Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. Under optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of RIR/AA-co-AM hydrogel is 655.4 mg/g for Pb2+, 367.2 mg/g for Cd2+, and 290.5 mg/g for Cu2+. The maximum adsorption capacity of RIR/AA-co-AM hydrogel for Cd2+ and Cu2+ is slightly lower than that of RIR/PAA4. In addition, the adsorption process of RIR/AA-co-AM for heavy metal ions conforms with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Based on the microstructure analysis and adsorption kinetics, electrostatic adsorption and ion exchange are identified as the mechanisms for the hydrogels removal of heavy metal ions from water. It infers that hydrogels from Chinese herb residue can be used to effectively remove heavy metals from wastewater and improve the reutilization of Chinese herb residue.
Distribution and Demography of Antarctic Krill and Salps in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean during Austral Summer 2021–2022
Authors: Bitiutskii Dmitrii G. , Samyshev Ernest Z. , Minkina Natalia I. , Melnikov Victor V. , Chudinovskih Elena S. , Usachev Sergei I. , Salyuk Pavel A. , Serebrennikov Alexander N. , Zuev Oleg A. , Orlov Alexei M.
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to investigate krill (Euphausia superba) and salp (Salpa thompsoni) populations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean in January and February 2022. Samples were obtained to measure the abundance, biomass and distribution patterns of krill and salp. Sex differences and feeding habits of the Antarctic krill were determined. The dependence of the physiological state of the studied aquatic organisms on changes in environmental parameters was analyzed. Current data on the association of the dynamics of hydrometeorological parameters and processes with the distribution of chlorophyll a, krill, and salp were obtained. It was established that, at numerous stations, the biomass of salps prevailed over krill. The result indicates the replacement of the Antarctic krill populations by gelatinous zooplankton. The obtained results allow assessment of the biological resource potential in the studied region based on the analysis of the samples collected.
Using an Intelligent Control Method for Electric Vehicle Charging in Microgrids
Authors: Rastgoo Samaneh , Mahdavi Zahra , Azimi Nasab Morteza , Zand Mohammad , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar
Published: November 2022

Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) that use energy storage have attracted much attention due to their many advantages, such as environmental compatibility and lower operating costs compared to conventional vehicles (which use fossil fuels). In a microgrid, an EV that works through the energy stored in its battery can be used as a load or energy source; therefore, the optimal utilization of EV clusters in power systems has been intensively studied. This paper aims to present an application of an intelligent control method to a bidirectional DC fast charging station with a new control structure to solve the problems of voltage drops and rises. In this switching strategy, the power converter is modeled as a DC fast charging station, which controls the fast charging of vehicles with a new constant current or reduced constant current method and considers the microgrid voltage stability. The proposed method is not complicated because simple direct voltage control realizes the reactive power compensation, which can provide sufficient injected reactive power to the network. As a result, the test is presented on a fast charging system of electrical outlets with a proposed two-way reactive power compensation control strategy, in which AC/DC converters are used to exchange two-way reactive power to maintain the DC link voltage as well as the network bus voltage in the range of the basis. This charging strategy is carried out through the simulation of fast charge control, DC link voltage control, and reactive power compensation control to adjust the voltage and modify the power factor in the MATLAB software environment and is then verified. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed method can charge with high safety without increasing the battery’s maximum voltage. It can also significantly reduce the charging time compared to the common CV mode.
“Slavonic” semantic content in modern social praxis: text, semantics, selling proposition
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogical Training and Social Technologies, Tver State University, Lebedev V.Y.
Published: November 2022

The paper considers relations of dependency between semantic and pragmatic components of “Slavonic” construct. There appears to be a connection between the semantic construct and the functioning of a textual complex designating clothes items. This connection entails a functional combination of selling proposition and advertisement on the one hand, and a variety of purchasing motivations of semiotic nature. Content analysis was conducted in application to commercial Internet-sites selling T-shirts. The sites are filled with verbal, non-verbal and mixed-type texts matching customer preferences. The pragmatic effect of the successful proposal seems to be connected with the semantic construct “Slavonic”. The research identifies both qualitative and quantitative morphological features of the text. The goods designated by the commercial sites as “Slavonic” provided the material for our study. Semantic construct “Slavonic” mostly refers to neo-paganism and the corresponding ideological, identity and cultural orientations.
Evaluación fitosanitaria del cerco vivo del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Los Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Perú
Authors: Iannacone Jose , Dipas-Elises Carolina , Cuno-Barreto Miguel , Pacsi-Muñoz Raúl , Canchuricra-Huamán Rosali
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio realizó una evaluación fitosanitaria del cerco vivo del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pantanos de Villa (RVSPV), Lima, Perú con la finalidad de evaluar las variaciones espaciales en tres sectores Laguna Mayor (LM), Laguna Génesis (LG) y Marvilla (M), y de igual forma las temporales con respecto a las plagas y enfermedades durante el 2022. Se utilizaron protocolos específicos para valorar la incidencia y severidad fitosanitaria. Se registraron 22 especies de plagas en los tres sectores del cerco vivo del RVSPV. La mayoría de las plagas y enfermedades fueron registradas en Schinus terebinthifolius y en Myoporum acuminatum, y en ambas estaciones del 2022. El grado de severidad de afectación de la copa de los árboles y arbustos no mostró diferencias entre ambas estaciones. Existen diferencias significativas en la incidencia de la mosca blanca y la oidiosis entre estaciones. En LM, la mosca blanca y la oidiosis, tuvieron una mayor incidencia en el otoño. El índice de Simpson para las plagas fue mayor en LG, el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener fue mayor en M, y el índice de Margalef fue superior en LM. Esta información contribuye al establecimiento de un manejo integrado fitosanitario en el cerco vivo.
MARGUERITE YOURCENAR - PROFISSÃO: ESCRITORA
Authors: Rezende Heleno Alex
Published: November 2022

Marguerite Yourcenar é uma escritora que esteve sempre atenta à sua obra. Dos cuidados com a escrita dos prefácios dos romances publicados e demais textos de sua autoria, passando pela atenção ao seu discurso durante as entrevistas concedidas, pela observação e crítica do que se publicava em revistas e jornais sobre sua vida e sua obra, até a presença marcante do eu-escritor em suas cartas, Yourcenar se delineia enquanto escritora. Para chegar a essa imagem, a esse personagem cuidadosamente construído, a autora realiza um trabalho de apagamento do íntimo. Portanto, esse artigo apontará e discutirá, a partir da correspondência de Yourcenar, a construção e à mise-en-scène do escritor yourcenariano.
Referências
BLANCKEMAN, Bruno. L’enseigne et le laboratoire: Marguerite Yourcenar épistolère. In: L’épistolaire au féminin  - correspondance de femmes (XVIIIe-XXe siècle). (Actes du Colloque de Cerisy-La-Salle, 1er – 5 octobre 2003). DIAZ, Brigitte, SIESS, Jürgen (dir.). Centre de recherche « Textes/Histoire/Langage » Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 2006. (p. 179-191)
BLANCKEMAN, Bruno. De la pragmatique du courrier à la poétique de la lettre dans la correspondance de Marguerite Yourcenar. In: Le(s) style(s) de Marguerite Yourcenar. Textes réunis et présentés par May Chehab. Clermont-Ferrand, SIEY, 2015. p. 225-234.
BONALI-FIQUET, Françoise. La romancière et sa traductrice : la correspondance de Marguerite Yourcenar avec Lidia Storoni Mazzolani. In: ______. L’épistolaire au féminin - correspondance de femmes (XVIIIe-XXe siècle). (Actes du Colloque de Cerisy-La-Salle, 1er – 5 octobre 2003). DIAZ, Brigitte, SIESS, Jürgen (dir.). Centre de recherche « Textes/Histoire/Langage » Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 2006. p.122-133.
BRAMI, Joseph; SARDE, Michèle. Préface. In: YOURCENAR, Marguerite. Persévérer dans l’être: correspondance 1961-1963 (D’Hadrien à Zénon, III). Texte établi et annoté par Joseph Brami et Rémy Poignault, avec la collaboration de Maurice Delcroix, Colette Gaudin et Michèle Sarde. Préface de Joseph Brami et Michèle Sarde. France : Gallimard, 2011. p. 7-25.
CASTELLANI, Jean-Pierre. Marguerite Yourcenar, citoyenne du monde. 110e Anniversaire de la Naissancede Marguerite Yourcenar. In: Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Touraine, tome 25, p. 93-108, 2012.
COUDREUSE, Anne. Le Refus du pathos dans la correspondance de Marguerite Yourcenar. In: La lettre et L’Oeuvre – correspondances de Marguerite Yourcenar. Actes du colloque international organisé à l’Université du Sud Toulon-Var les 9 et 10 décembre 2004. Textes réunis par André-Alain Morello. Paris, Honoré Champion Éditeur, 2009. p. 93-108.
DIAZ, Brigitte. L’épistolaire, ou la pensée nomade. Paris: Universitaires de France, 2002.
DIAZ, Brigitte. Avant-Propos. In: ______. L’épistolaire au féminin  - correspondance de femmes (XVIIIe-XXe siècle). (Actes du Colloque de Cerisy-La-Salle, 1er – 5 octobre 2003). DIAZ, Brigitte, SIESS, Jürgen (dir.). Centre de recherche « Textes/Histoire/Langage » Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, 2006. p. 7-12.
INCONSCIENTE INTERTEXTUAL
Authors: Almeida Sandra , Miotti Charlene
Published: November 2022

Créditos da tradução

 

A tradução deste artigo foi realizada pelo curso de Letras-Bacharelado em Tradução da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, no âmbito do Estágio Supervisionado de Tradução-Inglês, coordenado e supervisionado pela Profª. Drª. Sandra Aparecida Faria de Almeida, do Departamento de Letras Estrangeiras Modernas, e dela participaram os alunos: Carla Amorim Pereira, Gabriela Detoni Rodrigues, Gabriela Ragazzi Baptista Bulgarelli, Isadora Souza Aruante, Luana Campos Leal Rodrigues, Paulo Henrique Migliorelli Ribeiro e Vinicius Moraes Tiago. O estabelecimento do texto final e a revisão técnica foram realizados pela Profª. Drª. Charlene Martins Miotti, do Departamento de Letras da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.
Notas sobre a frase “Perfeitamente Natural”: a estética de Jane Austen a partir de Virginia Woolf
Authors: Leite Borba Lucas , Oliveira Maria Aparecida de
Published: November 2022

Para os fins deste trabalho, analisaremos de que forma Virginia Woolf pensa suas mães literárias, como preconizado em Um teto todo seu (2014), nesse caso, especificamente Jane Austen. Partindo da crítica feminista de Toril Moi (1991), Cixous (1976) e Gilbert e Gubar (2020), almejamos revisitar não só a escrita protofeminista de Jane Austen, mas, também, como Woolf entende a frase feminina, a partir dela.
Efeitos das manobras de expansão pulmonar comparada a assistência fisioterapêutica padrão na mecânica ventilatória, tempo de ventilação mecânica, hospitalização e mortalidade de indivíduos adultos sob ventilação mecânica: um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado
Authors:   , Silva Karina da
Published: November 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: As manobras de expansão pulmonar são abordagens terapêuticas utilizadas para reverter e prevenir atelectasias, porém não há evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do uso dessas técnicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos das manobras de expansão pulmonar comparadas aos cuidados padrão na mecânica ventilatória, duração da ventilação mecânica, oxigenação, hospitalização e mortalidade de indivíduos adultos em ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado com indivíduos adultos em ventilação mecânica por 12 a 48 horas. Um grupo controle recebeu o protocolo fisioterapêutico padrão (movimento passivo ou ativo, manobras para aumentar o fluxo expiratório e aspiração traqueal) e o grupo intervenção recebeu o mesmo protocolo, mais manobras de expansão pulmonar (descompressão torácica bilateral por cinco minutos e bloqueio torácico por cinco minutos em cada hemitórax) durante todo o período em que permaneceram em ventilação mecânica. As avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o tratamento padrão, imediatamente após a intervenção e 30 minutos após a intervenção. O desfecho primário foi complacência estática, enquanto os desfechos secundários incluíram: complacência dinâmica, resistência das vias aéreas, pressão de condução, oxigenação, duração da ventilação mecânica, tempo de internação, incidência de complicações e mortalidade. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada utilizando-se o teste t para amostras independentes, Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e modelos lineares generalizados quando apropriado. P < 0,05 foi considerado significante. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 51 participantes (67 anos, 53% homens, 26 no grupo controle e 25 no grupo intervenção). A complacência dinâmica e a saturação periférica de oxigênio mostraram diferenças entre os grupos (intervenção menos controle) antes e após as manobras de expansão (-1,41 ± 0,65 ml/cmH2O, p=0,03; e -1,05 ± 0,48%, p=0,027, respectivamente). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos para os demais desfechos. CONCLUSÃO: As manobras de expansão pulmonar não foram efetivas em promover melhora da mecânica ventilatória, oxigenação, tempo de ventilação mecânica, tempo de internação e mortalidade em indivíduos adultos sob ventilação mecânica. Embora a complacência dinâmica e a saturação tenham mostrado diferenças entre os grupos, essas diferenças não foram clinicamente importantes.
Exploração, dominação e opressão da mulher trabalhadora nas esferas de produção e reprodução social
Authors:   , Lourenço Marina Fernandes Toledo
Published: November 2022

No atual cenário marcado pelo neoliberalismo, pela informalidade do trabalho e pela precarização das condições de vida da classe trabalhadora, vemos que a mulher é quem sofre as consequências mais graves desses processos. Sua inserção subsidiária no mercado de trabalho e a responsabilização majoritária pela esfera da reprodução social carregam impactos significativos da conjuntura atual. Para compreender a posição da mulher em nossa sociedade, buscamos analisar sua funcionalidade para a manutenção do modo de produção capitalista. Partimos do entendimento da questão social fundante nesse sistema e do resgate do debate em torno de como se configuram as classes sociais atualmente para discutir a consubstancialidade das categorias de classe, raça e sexo, imbricadas na realidade objetiva. Reafirmando essa opção teórica, discorre-se sobre as correntes teóricas hegemônicas que procuram desarticular essa compreensão, de maneira a descentralizar a classe. Discorre-se sobre a relação entre capitalismo, racismo e patriarcado, retomando os fenômenos que são base material da situação concreta das mulheres: reprodução social e divisão sexual do trabalho. Na esteira dessa discussão, elabora-se sobre a formação social brasileira e as transformações ocorridas no padrão de produção, especialmente a partir dos anos 1970, com o advento do neoliberalismo, para ilustrar o trabalho feminino na realidade nacional. Reúne-se trabalhos que demonstram como a inserção da mulher na esfera produtiva ocorre, e em quais circunstâncias e condições.
Dispersion crépusculaire des sarcelles d’hiver Anas crecca crecca L. en recherche de nourriture
Authors: Tamisier Alain
Published: November 2022

Une petite population de Sarcelles d’hiver Anas crecca crecca L. (effectifs sur la figure 1). stationnée pendant la journée sur le marais du St-Sérèn, en Camargue, France, est suivie dans ses déplacements crépusculaires vers les lieux de nourriture afin d’analyser le déterminisme de l’horaire et de la direction de ces vols, et de connaître l’emplacement de ces lieux de nourriture.

Les vols de l’aube, partiellement observés, permettent de contrôler les observations du soir.

L’heure du passage des vols crépusculaires les plus fréquents et les plus abondants (figure 2, bande noire), est fonction : de l’heure du coucher du soleil considérée comme temps zéro, de la saison et des conditions météorologiques. La figure 3 relate les heures du passage des vols de l’aube les plus importants (l’heure du lever du soleil est ici considérée comme temps zéro).

Ces vols crépusculaires sont motivés par un facteur ultime, le besoin de nourriture. Ils sont généralement déclenchés par des facteurs proximaux, essentiellement un certain seuil lumineux au-delà duquel les sarcelles ne restent plus sur les lieux de repos diurnes. Dans certains cas, l’intensité de ces facteurs proximaux diminue ou s’annule. C’est alors le facteur ultime qui déclenche directement l’envol vers les lieux de nourriture.

Les directions prises au départ du marais varient légèrement selon la période (septembre et octobre, figure 4, et novembre à mars, figure 5). Les vols de retour, de novembre à mars, (figure 6) se font sur les mêmes axes principaux que les vols du soir. Les zones atteintes le soir par les Sarcelles sont situées à l’intérieur du périmètre tracé sur la figure 7 (large trait noir).

Le choix de la direction est dicté par 3 conditions que requièrent les sarcelles en recherche de nourriture : faible profondeur d’eau, présence de nourriture, et couvert végétal.
Interactions entre la végétation épigée d’une luzernière et des populations enclose ou non enclose de Microtus Arvalis Pallas
Authors: Spitz F.
Published: November 2022

From June 1st to October 15, 1966 the net alfalfa production and the densities and structures of two natural populations of Common Voles have been studied in Vendée, Western France. The areas compared, all located in the same area, were : (1) an enclosed alfalfa field harboring a vole population whose density was 150 voles/ha at the beginning of the experiment, and (2) a second open alfalfa field where a vole population of the same density lived. Another field (Al-4) free of voles was used as a control area.

The increase in population density was greater in the enclosed quadrat than in the non-enclosed field, due to emigration impediment. In the enclosure the seasonal increase of sexually active males was much greater than in the control area, while sexually inactive males remained much scarcer. Similarly, the number of lactating females increased continuously in the enclosure, whereas their numbers dropped in early autumn in the control field. However the production of young voles remained smaller in the enclosure than in the control area throughout the summer. The causes of this reproductive failure are discussed.

The trophic impact of the vole population upon the alfalfa production is small in the non-enclosed field — as shown by the comparison of the standing crop biomasses with those of the vole-free enclosures. But the voles exert a strong influence on the quality of the vegetation : when present the alfalfa stems are less numerous but thicker, and the ratio leaves/stems is smaller.

The ecological efficiency of the Common vole is poor. Out of 350.000 g/ha of alfalfa eaten during 4 months within the enclosure, only 12.000 g/ha were «invested» into the vole population at the end of the experiment.
Contribution à l’étude de la «lande» : l’avifaune nidificatrice de l’île Bailleron (golfe du Morbihan)
Authors: Mahéo Roger A.
Published: November 2022

The breeding bird populations of Bailleron island, in the Morbilhan Gulf, Brittany, has been censused from 1963 to 1968. 33 species have been observed and the population density has varied from 100 to 121 pairs per 16 acres, depending on the year. The four species which are the most abundant in the broom-gorse heath are the Whitethroat, the Dunnock, the Blackbird and the Linnet.
Observations préliminaires sur les Oligochètes
Authors: Vincent Jean-Paul
Published: November 2022

Population density and biomass, vertical migration, age structure and activity of earthworms have been studied in the Lamto savanna from August 1964 to July 1965. Samples have been collected every month in each of three major habitats : plateau, slopes and low-lying grounds.

There are definite seasonal changes, both in numbers and biomass. For instance, the numbers and biomass of earthworms belonging to the subfamily Benhaminae are reduced during the dry season to respectively one fourth and one half of the rainy season figures. A high percentage of the individuals aestivate, though some migrate to the deeper horizons of the soil profile.
Biologie et écologie du Lerot Eliomys Quercinus L. dans les Hautes-Alpes
Authors: Le Louarn H. , Spitz François
Published: November 2022

Dans la région de Briançon (Hautes-Alpes), le Lérot Eliomys quercinus est un des principaux constituants de la faune de Rongeurs de tous les types de forêts. La sortie d’hibernation se produit à la tin de la première quinzaine de mai. Les individus sont aussitôt sexuellement actifs, les mises bas ont lieu de la mi-juin à la tin juillet. L’entrée en hibernation débute à la mi-septembre et intéresse d’abord les adultes.

Du fait de la faible durée de la vie active, il ne semble pas y avoir d’estivation. La saison de reproduction étant bien localisée dans le temps, il est facile d’estimer l’âge des individus et de tracer leur courbe de croissance. Il est à remarquer que la croissance n’est pas terminée lors de l’entrée en hibernation, et qu’elle se poursuit au printemps suivant.

Les types de forêts les plus fréquentées sont les boisements mixtes, Pin sylvestre -Mélèze et Feuillus -Mélèze de l’étage montagnard (1400 à 1 700 m d’altitude). Les facteurs du milieu les plus favorables sont la présence de substrat rocheux et d’une végétation herbacée claire accompagnée d’arbrisseaux nains.

Le régime alimentaire est en grande partie composé d’insectes, surtout de larves de Lépidoptères.
Observations sur la socio-écologie du Mandrill
Authors: Jouventin Pierre
Published: November 2022

Six months were spent in Gabon tracking troops of Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in 1973 and 1974. During two survey-periods of three months each about 2,000 kilometers were covered by foot in the forest and 6,000 by road. Contacts were only established 39 times, totalling 48 hours of actual observation time.

Mandrills and drills never occur together in the same areas.

Mandrills were always found to live in the lower forest layers, large adult males at the ground level, smaller females and juveniles in the undergrowth and the middle layer. Large rivers cannot be crossed by mandrills, these forest baboons being unable to swimm.

The basic social unit is made of a large adult male (one for 25 individuals on average), 5 to 10 females (with or without infants) and about 10 juveniles. During the dry season, as many as 6 or 7 such harems might associate together, forming troops of 200 individuals or more. Excess adult males live a solitary existence in the forest.

Mandrill troops have a very wide home range, in the order of tens of square kilometers. The average speed of movement of a group during the day was found to be 1.32 km/h, and the average distance covered 8 km per day.

The diet is very varied, mostly vegetarian with possibly a small animal component. Breeding is apparently seasonal, most births occuring from January to April. Besides man, major predators include leopards and the Crowned hawk-eagle (Stephanoetus coronatus). Temporary associations with duikers (Cephalophus callypigus) and calaos (Tropicranus albocristatus) have been observed. Three types of vocalizations were distinguished : a contact call emitted mainly by females and juveniles, an alarm call used by females and subadults, and a rallying call emitted by the leader male. Olfactory marking by the secretion of the sternal glands is performed on tree trunks.

When the troop is quietly foraging juvenile and subadult individuals tend to stay in front and around the females, the leader male staying to the rear. When frightened, the adult male leads the troop, followed by the females and the younger individuals.

In the rain forest Mandrills exploit the less productive layers, at the ground level or in the undergrowth. Their social structure and the large size of their home range may be considered as adaptive to this poor environment.
La saison sèche en Guadeloupe et ses conséquences sur la démographie des mollusques dans les biotopes à Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), vecteur de la bilharziose intestinale
Authors: Pointier J.-P. , Combes Claude
Published: November 2022

Resistance of some freshwater snails to drought has been studied in four seasonal ponds, one (temporary) stream and one «mangrove» area on the island of Guadeloupe, West Indies. In such locations a small percentage of the snail population is able to survive the dry season under the shelter of organic debris and rocks.

Biomphalaria glabrata, the local intermediate host of human Bilharziasis, is less resistant to dessication than sympatric Eupera viridans, Biomphalaria schrammi, Drepanotrema lucidum and Ampullaria glauca. Physa marmorata, Drepanotrema kermatoides and Pleisiophysa granulata are even more sensitive to drought than Biomphalaria glabrata.
Besoins alimentaires quantitatifs de quelques oiseaux tropicaux
Authors: Thiollay Jean-Marc
Published: November 2022

The daily consumption of food by some tropical, mostly insectivorous, birds has been studied in Ivory Coast savana-forest mosaic. Different techniques were used : weights of the stomach contents at the end of the activity period, estimates of the quantity of food brought to nestlings at the end of their growth period, estimates of the number of prey items caught by adults during the day, amount of food eaten by captive individuals.

For birds whose body weights ranged from 100 to 1,500 g, the daily ration was on average only half of that of their paleartic or nearctic counterparts.

The overall food consumption of the Rollers and Raptors in the Lamto savana averaged 12 g/ha/day -which, on a yearly basis, corresponds to about half of the production of the prey species concerned.
Régime, comportement alimentaire et régulation écologique du métabolisme chez le Colius striatus
Authors: Decoux J.-P.
Published: November 2022

The feeding behaviour and thermoregulation of a marked population of the Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus was studied over a period of three years at Makokou, Gabon (0.4 N, 12 E.). A captive colony was used for simple experiments and to supplement observations made in the wild.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the diet has shown that it consists essentially of the fruit and leaves of a few species characteristic of secondary plant formations. Fruits are eaten throughout most of the day, but before retiring for the night the bird ingest leaves and petals. Geophagy was frequently observed. Nestlings are fed by regurgitation. Before feeding the parent collects the feces of the young, some of which are regurgitated to the nestling.

Specific behavior patterns are associated with an incomplete thermoregulatory capacity in mousebirds. The level of activity is generally low and the birds spend considerable time sunning themselves. Thinly feathered areas of the skin are darkly pigmented and certain postures characteristic of sunning behavior allow for a maximum use of solar energy. At night and during chilly periods during the day, the birds conserve heat by bunching closely together, hanging on to each other by their claws, which have an automatic gripping mechanism.

Fasting and cooling temporarily may lead in extreme cases to a state of torpor. Experiments have shown that torpor has no survival value per se, but has to be associated with «bunching» to be of any advantage to these birds.

The unique features of the behaviour and physiology of mousebirds seem to represent an adaptation to a diet poor in calories.
Contribution à l’étude de la biologie de la reproduction et de l’écologie du goéland argenté à pieds jaunes (Larus argentatus michahellis) en Camargue
Authors: Isenmann Paul
Published: November 2022

The breeding population of Yellow-legged Herring Gull (Larus argentatus michahellis) on the French Mediterrannean coast is estimated to be 8,500-10,000 pairs. In the Camargue, breeding colonies are located on flat islands covered with glassworts (Salicornia) and grasses.

Whereas colonies may be occupied as early as November, breeding activities take place from the end of March to mid-July. Indications are given on nest size, distance between nests, laying date, size and weight of eggs, incubation and nestling periods.

Chicks are fed mostly on fish (taken from the wakes of trawlers), waste from rubbish tips, vertebrates (migrant birds mainly) and terrestrial invertebrates. The feeding places of adults are very diverse. Rubbish dumps are most often visited, offshore trawling areas ranking second. Lagoons and cultivated areas are more seldom visited, and always temporarily. A review of food items and favorite feeding places all over the species range indicates that the Yellow-legged Herring Gull is an opportunistic bird, taking advantage of any type of food provided by human activities. This explains the spectacular increase of the species along the french mediterrannean coast.
Compte rendu ornithologique camarguais pour 1974 et 1975
Authors: Hafner Heinz
Published: November 2022

To monitor population changes in the Camargue, census were made regularly of wintering ducks and of some endangered bird species. Data are given on the changes in the breeding populations of four species of herons since 1968, as well as on the numbers of wintering ducks, herons and birds of prey.
Relations entre physionomie végétale et répartition spatiale des populations post-nuptiales d’oiseaux forestiers
Authors: Leruth Y.
Published: November 2022

Durant l’été 1973 (juin à août), l’avifaune d’une parcelle forestière de chênaie à Charme (Querceto-carpinetum) a été piégée intensivement à l’aide de filets verticaux. La parcelle étudiée était exploitée en taillis-sous-futaie et âgée de 12 à 13 ans. Une investigation sur la composition et la structure de la végétation a été également réalisée en chacun des postes de piégeage.

Nous avons mis en rapport les captures réalisées pour chacune des espèces avec la structure de l’environnement végétal et nous avons mis en évidence des préférences souvent très marquées. Cette étude présente la particularité d’envisager les préférences à très faible échelle et en période post-nuptiale ; la méthode est en elle-même peu rentable mais les captures fournissent beaucoup d’autres informations, notamment sur la dynamique de population.
L'«Opération éléphants» au Rwanda. I. Structure de la population du Bugesera et transfert de jeunes au parc de l'Akagera
Authors: Monfort Alain , Monfort Nicole
Published: November 2022

During an elephant eradication scheme in Rwanda, 134 individuals were shot or captured and data collected on their population structure.

The overall sex-ratio was 65 males : 69 females, males being more numerous in the younger age group and females in the older. Pregnant and lactating females were always 15 years old at least. Mean calving interval was 5.1 years. The percentage of young of the year was 5.2 %. Population density ranged between 1.9. and 2.4/km2 and standing crop biomass between 3.2 and 4.6 metric tons per square kilometer. There were however significant differences between the two groups of 69 individuals living in the Karama and Rwinzoka areas respectively. The Karama population living in wooded grassland (34 km²), was younger (43.2 % of adult individuals) than the Rwinzoka population confined to 27 km² of swamps (53.7 % of adult individuals). The mean calving interval was 3.5 years in the first population and 7,fi years in the second.

Twenty six young elephants were successfully translocated to the Akagera National Park, where the species had become extinct in 1938.
Données sur le régime alimentaire de Cercocebus albigena albigena dans le Nord-Est du Gabon
Authors: Gautier-Hion A.
Published: November 2022

Eighteen stomach contents of Cercocebus a. albigena have been studied. Mangabeys are primarily fruit eaters (83 %) ; leaves and flowers are eaten in small quantities and not always present in the stomach contents. Ants are the major animal prey eaten and are found in all the stomachs. There is no strong seasonal variations in the diet. However leaves and flowers are only eaten abundantly during some months of the year. During the main dry season, arils of Myristicacae make up 40 % of the diet.
Etude de la répartition du Grillon des bois Nemobius sylvestris (Bosc.) dans un habitat naturel. I. Les larves
Authors: Morvan R. , Campan Raymond , Thon B.
Published: November 2022

The spatial distribution of a larval population of wood-crickets (Nemobius sylvestris) has been studied into two observation quadrats, located close to the edges of an oak wood near Toulouse (fig. 1).

In both study areas, population density varied seasonally, with peak numbers during summer and autumn, depending upon climatic conditions.

Whereas larval distribution was clumped all the year round in quadrat A located near the E-W edge of the wood, the situation was different in quadrat B located near the NNe-SSw border of the same wood.

The observed difference in larval distribution pattern between the two quadrats can be explained by the effect of forest border orientation upon the aggregation of wood-cricket larvae. At any time of the year, their numbers increased progressively, from the edge of the wood to 15 metres inside, in quadrat A. The situation was different in quadrat B, except in winter time.

Larval distribution was also influenced by the proximity of trees. In quadrat A, the wood-cricket larvae were more numerous close to the base of the trees. This also occured in quadrat B, but only during the summer and the autumn.

The various factors influencing the spatial distribution of Nemobius sylvestris larvae can act synergically or antagonistically, according to local conditions. However the proximity of a forest border and its orientation appear to play the major roles.
Le rôle disséminateur des éléphants en forêt de Taï, Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Alexandre D.-Y.
Published: November 2022

Elephant droppings have been collected over a whole year in the mature rain forest of Tai, Ivory Coast, and their seed content studied. The seeds of 37 species of trees and 5 species of herbaceous plants have been identified. Out of 37 tree species whose fruits are consumed by elephants in the study area, only seven are known to be also dispersed by monkeys and birds. Marsularia acuminata is eaten throughout the year. Two other species, Parinari holstii and Sacoglottis gabonensis are taken as food in large numbers at certain times of the year only ; their seeds can then make up half the dry weight of the droppings.

The germination rate of seeds recovered from elephant droppings is similar to that of mature seeds taken out of intact fruits. However germination is more rapid and seedlings sprouting out of elephant droppings appear healthier. The characteristics of the fruits eaten by elephants are described ; three main categories are distinguished.

In the mature rain forest of Western Ivory Coast, fruits appear to represent a major part of elephants’ diet. The role of these Ungulates in the long range dispersal of trees seems to be paramount. Out of 71 species of trees of the Tai forest whose seed dispersal mechanism is known, 21 (29.6 %) are dispersed by elephants.
Predator-prey relationship between Rabbit and Lynx in Southern Spain
Authors: Rogers P.-M.
Published: November 2022

A collection of 351 Lynx (Lynx pardina) faeces made from December 1972 to October 1973 in the Reserva Biológica de Doñana (Spain) was analysed for food remains. Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) remains were found in 84 %, duck (Anas spp.) remains in 11 % and small mammal remains in 3 % of the faeces. Distribution of faeces showed a similar pattern to that of rabbits as determined by sight counts along transects. It is suggested that Lynx and Rabbit in Europe may have evolved an ecological relationship similar to that between L. canadensis and Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus in North America.
Le partage des ressources alimentaires entre les espèces de lézards du désert de Mapimi, Mexique
Authors: Barbault R. , Grenot Claude , Uribe Zeferino
Published: November 2022

The diet of several sympatric species of lizards has been studied in the Mapimi desert, Durango, Mexico, in order to elucidate the ways in which resource partitioning is achieved.

Despite the optional specialization of the three Cnemidophorus species (termite eaters) and of Phrynosoma modestum (an ant eater), all these lizards are mostly opportunistic feeders ; their diets are highly diversified and largely overlapping.

The larger lizards, which feed upon both large and small prey species, should exert a strong competitive pressure upon smaller lizards which are limited to smaller prey. However, small lizards avoid such a competition either by having a specialized diet (e.g. Phrynosoma modestum) or by living in certain microhabitats (e.g. Cnemidophorus inornatus which is confined to Hilaria mutica communities) .

In such an ecosystem, resource partitioning among sympatric lizard species is therefore mostly achieved through microhabitat preferences, and also through different feeding strategies (e.g. the «sit-and-wait» technique versus the «widely foraging» technique).
Nouvelles observations sur les chimpanzés de la forêt de Tai (Côte-d’Ivoire)
Authors: Boesch Christophe
Published: November 2022

Lors d’un récent séjour en forêt de Taï, l’auteur a observé pour la première fois en Afrique occidentale la capture d’un jeune Colobus badius par les chimpanzés. Il apporte, par ailleurs, des précisions sur la structure des «ateliers » utilisés par les chimpanzés pour l’ouverture de trois espèces de «noix». Les matériaux les plus résistants sont employés pour ouvrir les fruits les plus durs