bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-energy constants in the chiral Lagrangian with baryon octet and decuplet fields from Lattice QCD data on CLS ensembles
Authors: Lutz Matthias F. M. , Heo Yonggoo , Guo Xiao-Yu
Published: May 2023

We perform an analysis of Lattice QCD data on baryon octet and decuplet masses based on the chiral SU(3) Lagrangian. Low-energy constants (LEC) are adjusted to describe baryon masses from a large set of CLS ensembles, where finite-box and discretization effects are considered. The set is successfully compared against previous Lattice QCD data from ensembles generated with distinct QCD actions by the ETMC, QCDSF-UKQCD and HSC groups. Discretization effects are modelled by the use of action and lattice-scale dependent leading orders LEC, where uniform values are imposed in the limit of vanishing lattice scales. From the CLS data set we extract a pion-nucleon sigma term, $$\sigma _{\pi N}= 58.7(1.2)$$

σ

π
N

=
58.7

(
1.2
)

MeV, compatible with its empirical value.
Constraining über gravity with recent observations and studying the $$H_0$$ problem
Authors: Valdez Gustavo A. Concha , Quintanilla Claudia , García-Aspeitia Miguel A. , Hernández-Almada A. , Motta V.
Published: May 2023

This paper studies both $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM and CDM models under the über gravity theory, named ü$$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM and üCDM respectively. We report bounds over their parameter phase-space using several cosmological data, in particular, the recent Pantheon+ sample. Based on the joint analysis, the best fit value of the über characteristic parameter is $$z_\oplus = 0.046^{+0.047}_{-0.032}$$

z
⊕

=
0
.

046

-
0.032

+
0.047

and $$z_\oplus = 1.382^{+0.020}_{-0.021}$$

z
⊕

=
1
.

382

-
0.021

+
0.020

at 68% confidence level for ü$$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM and üCDM respectively. Although über gravity can successfully mimics the cosmological constant, we find that the $$\mathbb {H}0(z)$$

H
0
(
z
)

diagnostic suggests the $$H_0$$

H
0

tension is not alleviated. Finally, both models are statistically compared with $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM through the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Both über gravity models and $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM are equally preferred for most of the single samples, in particular, ü$$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM is not rejected by the CMB data. However, there is strong evidence against them for the joint analysis.
Effect of entropy minimization and melting heat on gold-magnesium oxide hybrid nanofluid in squeezing channel with magnetic field with radiation
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Victoria E. Mary , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: May 2023

The principal aim of this investigation is to examine the gold and magnesium oxide hybrid nanoparticles in different physical capacities on the water-based hybrid nanofluid and elaborate on an erratic squeezing flow among both infinite plates. Melting effect and thermal radiation depict heat transfer features. Production of the Bejan number and entropy is upward. The explains the governing equations, and the standard transformation is supplied. The numerical solutions are carried out using an efficient finite element method. To analyze difference between heat transfer and its implication in industrial zone, the Nusselt number was arranged in a horizontal pattern. The results showed that a thicker thermal boundary layer increased the Eckert number and the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles. Anyhow, the heat transfer rate by Au–MgO/water was necessarily greater than the Au–water. The obtained results are excellent and vigorously oppose those that are applicable to the literature by the attached position. It was established for hybrid nanofluids to display higher entropy generation rates. The outcomes of this analysis were the consequence of the appraisal of the impact on few required form parameters in heat transfer and consequently on the expansion for industrial use.
Network Rumor Detection Using Attention Mechanism and BiGRU Neural Network in Big Data Environment
Authors: Yuan Sida , Yang Qiong
Published: May 2023

The research object of this paper is rumors, mainly focusing on the dissemination characteristics of rumors on Weibo platforms and conducting rumor attribute detection. Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor timeliness of current rumor detection methods, a network rumor detection method using attention mechanism and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network is proposed. First, pre-processing operations such as data noise cleaning, Chinese word segmentation and stop word removal are performed on the constructed Weibo corpus data, and word vectors are obtained by using the Continuous Bag-of-Words (CBOW) model in the Word2vec neural language model. Then, the Bidirectional GRU neural network (BiGRU) is used to obtain information, combined with the structured attention mechanism to build an GRU rumor detection model. The introduction of attention mechanism makes the network model tend to grasp the text Semantic information. Finally, the Adam algorithm is used to optimize the proposed model, and the loss function of the model is constructed and minimized in combination with the binary cross-entropy loss function. The results show that the detection precision rate, recall rate, F1 value and accuracy rate of the proposed method are the largest, reaching 95.28%, 88.78%, 88.69% and 94.89%, respectively, and the detection performance is better than the other three comparison algorithms.
Uniqueness and statistical properties of the Gibbs state on general one-dimensional lattice systems with Markovian structure
Authors: Vargas Victor
Published: May 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact metric space and [Formula: see text], we consider a set of admissible sequences [Formula: see text] determined by a continuous admissibility function [Formula: see text] and a compact set [Formula: see text]. Given a Lipschitz continuous potential [Formula: see text], we prove uniqueness of the Gibbs state [Formula: see text] and we show that it is a Gibbs–Bowen measure and satisfies a central limit theorem.
Theoretical analysis and numerical approximation for the stochastic thermal quasi-geostrophic model
Authors: Crisan Dan , Holm Darryl D. , Lang Oana , Mensah Prince Romeo , Pan Wei
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the mathematical properties of a stochastic version of the balanced 2D thermal quasigeostrophic (TQG) model of potential vorticity dynamics. This stochastic TQG model is intended as a basis for parametrization of the dynamical creation of unresolved degrees of freedom in computational simulations of upper ocean dynamics when horizontal buoyancy gradients and bathymetry affect the dynamics, particularly at the submesoscale (250 m–10 km). Specifically, we have chosen the Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) algorithm introduced in [D. D. Holm, Variational principles for stochastic fluid dynamics, Proc. Roy. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 471 (2015) 20140963, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0963 ] and applied in [C. Cotter, D. Crisan, D. Holm, W. Pan and I. Shevchenko, Modelling uncertainty using stochastic transport noise in a 2-layer quasi-geostrophic model, Found. Data Sci. 2 (2020) 173, https://doi.org/10.3934/fods.2020010 ; Numerically modeling stochastic lie transport in fluid dynamics, SIAM Multiscale Model. Simul. 17 (2019) 192–232, https://doi.org/10.1137/18M1167929 ] as our modeling approach. The SALT approach preserves the Kelvin circulation theorem and an infinite family of integral conservation laws for TQG. The goal of the SALT algorithm is to quantify the uncertainty in the process of up-scaling, or coarse-graining of either observed or synthetic data at fine scales, for use in computational simulations at coarser scales. The present work provides a rigorous mathematical analysis of the solution properties of the thermal quasigeostrophic (TQG) equations with SALT [D. D. Holm and E. Luesink, Stochastic wave-current interaction in thermal shallow water dynamics, J. Nonlinear Sci. 31 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-021-09682-9 ; D. D. Holm, E. Luesink and W. Pan, Stochastic mesoscale circulation dynamics in the thermal ocean, Phys. Fluids 33 (2021) 046603, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040026 ].
Improving Arabic Sentiment Analysis Using LSTM Based on Word Embedding Models
Authors: Zahidi Youssra , Al-Amrani Yassine , El Younoussi Yacine
Published: May 2023

In recent times, online users freely express their sentiments in different life aspects because of the huge increase in social networks. Sentiment Analysis (SA) is one of the main Natural Language Processing (NLP) fields thanks to its important role in identifying sentiment polarities and making decisions from the public’s opinions. The Arabic language is one of the most challenging languages for SA due to its various dialects, and morphological and syntactic complexities. Deep Learning (DL) models have shown significant capabilities, especially in SA. In particular, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have proven perfect abilities to learn sequential data. This paper proposes a comparative study result of Word2Vec and FastText word embedding models that are used to create two Arabic SA (ASA) LSTM-based approaches. The experimental results confirm that the LSTM model with FastText can significantly ameliorate the Arabic classification accuracy.
Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method for Aerodynamic Sound Field Analysis Based on Lighthill’s Equation
Authors: Masumoto Takayuki , Mori Masaaki , Yasuda Yosuke , Inoue Naohisa , Sakuma Tetsuya
Published: May 2023

The primary disadvantage of the aerodynamic sound field analysis based on the Lighthill’s equation using the boundary element method (BEM) is the computational time; this is mainly because contributions from numerous aerodynamic sound sources are computed at all boundary element nodes and sound-receiving points. This study proposes a fast method for computing source contributions based on the fast multipole method (FMM). Along with the fast multipole BEM, which is already in practical use as a fast BEM, the analysis is substantially accelerated. The use of a common hierarchical cell structure for grouping boundary element nodes, sound-receiving points and aerodynamic sound sources, enables coefficients of the FMM to be reused, thereby further accelerating the analysis. To deal with the increasing hierarchical level, a wideband FMM is applied. In the sound radiation analysis of a quadrupole source located in a free field, the accuracy is validated. Sound radiation from a cylinder located in a flow is analyzed as a practical problem; the accuracy and numerical settings are discussed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a problem with more than 0.4 million degrees-of-freedom and more than 3 million aerodynamic sound sources to demonstrate its applicability to large-scale problems.
Ion-acoustic wave dynamics and sensitivity study in a magnetized Auroral phase plasma
Authors: Fatima Samara , Abbas Naseem , Munawar Maham , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: May 2023

The dynamic behavior of ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) inside a magnetized auroral zone plasma including ions as well as two-temperature electrons is investigated. The Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) and modified KP (mKP) equations are provided using the reductive perturbation method (RPT). In fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and electrodynamics, mKP equation can be utilized to characterize wave phenomena. It increases our interest due to its significant physical and mechanical value. The new extended direct algebraic approach is used to compute several traveling wave patterns for the nonlinear mKP equation. It is a simple, concise and general method in symbolic computations for solitary wave solutions for nonlinear problems. It yields dark solitary solutions, the community for semi-dark soliton results, dark singular soliton effects, kink soliton results, and soliton consequences encompassing trigonometric function, mixture hyperbolic function, as well as rational functions. Some arbitrarily chosen solutions are displayed visually for physical understanding. Moreover, the sensitivity of the perturbed dynamical structure equivalent to the mKP equation has been explored. Furthermore, the effect of IAWs spectral index on the parameters of the solitary-wave solutions and the sensitivity of the perturbed dynamical system of mKP equations is investigated in detail.
Sentiment Analysis and Corpus: Cognitive Perspective and Overhead-accuracy Tradeoff
Authors: Wang Jie , Yuan Jiangjun , Liu Weinan
Published: May 2023

Human logical thinking is in the form of natural language. With the development of computer science techniques, it becomes easier and more convenient for natural language processing. Therefore, various natural language processing applications have emerged. Sentiment analysis is one of these novel applications and has been applied in many areas. In Amazon.com, there are a large number of user comments and product discussions, which can help a person to decide whether to buy a product or not without asking the opinions from friends and family members. Therefore, sentiment analysis on user comments and product discussions, such as Amazon reviews, becomes increasingly useful and important. In this paper, the effect of corpus on sentiment analysis of the Amazon review dataset with the aid of support vector machine is studied. We generate eight different size datasets from the Amazon review dataset filtered by different word frequency in Corpus of Contemporary American and conduct some experiments on these eight datasets. According to the experimental result, we make some conclusions and give some suggestions to facilitate researchers to make a trade-off between accuracy and experimental cost.
MIS: A Multi-Identifier Management and Resolution System in the Metaverse
Authors: Wang Han , Li Hui , Smahi Abla , Zhao Feng , Yao Yao , Chan Ching Chuen , Wang Shiyu , Yang Wenyuan , Li Shuo-Yen Robert
Published: May 2023

The metaverse gradually evolves into a virtual world containing a series of interconnected sub-metaverses. Diverse digital resources, including identities, contents, services, and supporting data, are key components of the sub-metaverse. Therefore, a Domain Name System (DNS)-like system is necessary for efficient management and resolution. However, the legacy DNS was designed with security vulnerabilities and trust risks due to centralized issues. Blockchain is used to mitigate these concerns due to its decentralized features. Additionally, it supports identity management as a default feature, making it a natural fit for the metaverse. While there are several DNS alternatives based on the blockchain, they either manage only a single type of identifiers or isolate identities from other sorts of identifiers, making it difficult for sub-metaverses to coexist and connect with each other. This article proposes a
M
ulti-
I
dentifier management and resolution
S
ystem (MIS) in the metaverse, supporting the registration, resolution, and inter-translation functions. The basic MIS is portrayed as a four-tier architecture on a consortium blockchain due to its manageability, enhanced security, and efficiency properties. On-chain data is lightweight and compressed to save on storage while accelerating reading and writing operations. The resource data is encrypted based on the attributes of the sub-metaverse in the storage tier for privacy protection and access control. For users with decentralization priorities, a modification named EMIS is built on top of Ethereum. Finally, MIS is implemented on two testbeds and is available online as the open-source system. The first testbed consists of 4 physical servers located in the UK and Malaysia while the second is made up of 200 virtual machines (VMs) spread over 26 countries across all 5 continents on Google Cloud. Experiments indicate that MIS provides efficient reading and writing performance than the legacy DNS and other public blockchain-based workarounds including EMIS and Ethereum Name Service (ENS).
Modeling of Electrochemical Performance and its Relation to Mechanical Responses of Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Y. K. , Jeon S. , Jeon Y.
Published: May 2023

The development and commercialization of Li metal batteries are hindered by safety challenges. Accordingly, significant efforts have been made to improve the stability of Li anodes. However, only a few studies have focused on the impact of mechanical deformation caused by Li deposition at the cell level. The strain changes are considerably large and should be further investigated for their mechanical impact. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the development of a physics-based model for Li metal batteries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a model that can describe the electrochemical and mechanical responses of a full Li metal cell with different material properties, external pressures, and boundary conditions. The Young’s modulus and higher expansion ratio of the negative electrode increase overall stress generation. However, overall cell pressure decreases with an increasing expansion ratio of the positive electrode. This is because the positive electrode contracts in response to the significant expansion of the lithium metal. The current model provides insights into the mechanisms by which these factors affect the electrochemical and mechanical behaviors of Li metal cells. This model provides guidance for battery design and management of Li metal cells.
Hierarchical Neural Network and Simulation Based Structural Defect Identification and Classification
Authors: Singh Divya Shyam , Chowdary G. B. L. , Roy Mahapatra D.
Published: May 2023

A vibration data-driven structural defect identification and classification technique is developed using frequency response under random excitation and a hierarchical neural network. A system of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is trained using finite element simulation-based synthetic data to reduce the need for many sensor measurements required otherwise. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to compress the high dimensionality of the vibration response data and eliminate the noise effect in the training and testing. Frequency responses data dimension for the structure with defects such a crack from stress concentration, rivet hole expansion, and attached foreign object mass such as ice accumulation in aircraft wing or fuselage are reduced using PCA and fed to a classifier network. The probabilistic decision output from the classifier network and the compressed data are then fed to the next levels of estimator networks, where each network is dedicated to the individual type of defect for the estimation of the defect parameters corresponding to that class of defect. The methodology is applied to a stiffened panel structure. The cracks and rivet hole expansions are introduced in the rivet line of the stiffener, and the foreign object mass is attached to the panel surface. The results show that it is possible to classify the defects and further estimate the defect parameters with good accuracy and reliability. It was observed that the damage classification network had an accuracy of roughly 95%. The damage localization network for crack as well as rivet expansion had average absolute error of around 2. The damage severity network was also able to perform well with a mean absolute error of about 0.34 for crack length detection and 0.22 for expanded rivet damage. However, the damage localization and severity prediction networks were quite challenging to train in the presence of multiple damages and need further development in the network architecture.
Analysis of Zigzag and Rhombic Benzenoid Systems via Irregularity Indices
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Khalid Waseem , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: May 2023

Topological indices are numerical quantities associated with the molecular graph of a chemical structure. These indices are used to predict various properties of chemical structures. Imbalance-based analysis is an advanced technique used for chemical compounds with irregular characteristics. The molecular graphs of zigzag benzenoid systems

Z

p

and rhombic benzenoid systems

R

p

are inherently irregular. Therefore, applying the imbalance technique to these molecular structures plays an important role in predicting different properties. In this paper, we calculate sixteen irregularity indices for both

Z

p

and

R

p

systems. By examining these indices, we aim to provide insights into the properties of these structures and ultimately contribute to a deeper understanding of the field.
Container Scaling Strategy Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Huaijun , Zhang Chenfei , Li Junhuai , Bao Dan , Xu Jiang
Published: May 2023

Elasticity capability is one of the most important capabilities of cloud computing, which combines large-scale resource allocation capability to quickly achieve minute-level resource demand provisioning to meet the elasticity requirements of different scale scenarios. The elasticity capability is mainly determined by the container start-up speed and container scaling strategy together, where the container scaling strategy contains both vertical container scaling strategy and horizontal container scaling strategy. In order to make the container scaling policy more effective and improve the application service quality and resource utilization, we briefly introduce Kubernetes’ horizontal pod autoscaling (HPA) strategy, analyze the existing problem of HPA, and develop a container scaling strategy based on reinforcement learning. First, we analyze the problems of Kubernetes’ existing HPA container autoscaling strategy in the scale-up and scale-down phases, respectively. Second, the Markov decision model is used to model the container scaling problem. Then, we propose a model-based reinforcement learning algorithm to solve the container scaling problem. Finally, we compare the experimental results of the HPA scaling strategy and the model-based reinforcement learning strategy with the results from the resource utilization of the application, the change of the number of pods, and the application response time; through the experimental analysis, we verify that the reinforcement learning-based container scaling strategy can guarantee the application service quality and improve the utilization of the application resources more effectively than the HPA strategy.
The Protective Potential Role of ACE2 against COVID-19
Authors: Golab Fereshteh , Vahabzadeh Gelareh , SadeghRoudbari Leila , Shirazi Arefeh , Shabani Robabeh , Tanbakooei Sara , Kooshesh Lida
Published: May 2023

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), researchers all over the world have tried to find an appropriate therapeutic approach for the disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been shown as a necessary receptor to cell fusion, which is involved in infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is commonly crucial for all organs and systems. When ACE2 is downregulated via the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, it results in the angiotensin II (Ang II)/angiotensin type 1 receptor axis overactivation. Ang II has harmful effects, which can be evidenced by dysfunctions in many organs experienced by COVID-19 patients. ACE2 is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and has an extensive distribution; thus, some COVID-19 cases experience several symptoms and complications. We suggest strategy for the potential protective effect of ACE2 to the viral infection. The current review will provide data to develop new approaches for preventing and controlling the COVID-19 outbreak.
Data from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: In metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) patients, ATM and BRCA2 mutations dictate differences in PARP inhibitor response and other therapies. We interrogated the molecular features of ATM- and BRCA2-mutated mPC to explain the divergent clinical outcomes and inform future treatment decisions. Experimental design: We examined a novel set of 1187 mPCs after excluding microsatellite unstable (MSI) tumors. We stratified these based on ATM (n = 88) or BRCA2 (n = 98) mutations. As control groups, mPCs with mutations in 12 other HRR genes were considered non-BRCA2/ATM HRR-deficient (HRDother, n = 193), whereas lack of any HRR mutations were considered HRR-proficient (HRP) (n = 808). Gene expression analyses were performed using Limma. Real-world overall survival was determined from insurance claims data. Results: In non-castrate mPCs, only BRCA2 mutated mPCs exhibited worse clinical outcomes to AR-targeted therapies. In castrate mPCs, both ATM and BRCA2 mutations exhibited worse clinical outcomes to AR-targeted therapies. ATM-mutated mPCs had reduced TP53 mutations, and harbored co-amplification of 11q13 genes including CCND1 and genes in the FGF family. BRCA2-mutated tumors showed elevated genomic loss-of-heterozygosity scores and were often TMB-high. BRCA2-mutated mPCs had upregulation of cell cycle genes and were enriched in cell cycle signaling programs. This was distinct from ATM-mutated tumors. Conclusions: Tumoral ATM and BRCA2 mutations are associated with differential clinical outcomes when patients are stratified by treatments including hormonal or taxanes therapies. ATM- and BRCA2-mutated tumors exhibited differences in co-occurring molecular features. These unique molecular features may inform therapeutic decisions and development of novel therapies.
Association of Antifolate Response Signature Status and Clinical Activity of Pemetrexed-Platinum Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Piedmont Study
Authors: Eisner Joel R. , Mayhew Gregory M. , Davison James M. , Beebe Kirk D. , Shibata Yoichiro , Guo Yuelong , Farhangfar Carol , Farhangfar Farhang , Uronis Joshua M. , Conroy Jeffrey M. , Milburn Michael V. , Hayes David Neil , Mileham Kathryn F.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The Piedmont study is a prospectively designed retrospective evaluation of a new 48-gene antifolate response signature (AF-PRS) in patients with locally advanced/metastatic nonsquamous (NS) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with pemetrexed-containing platinum doublet chemotherapy (PMX-PDC). The study tested the hypothesis that AF-PRS identifies patients with NS-NSCLC who have a higher likelihood of responding positively to PMX-PDC. The goal was to gather clinical evidence supporting AF-PRS as a potential diagnostic test.

Experimental Design:

Residual pretreatment FFPE tumor samples and clinical data were analyzed from 105 patients treated with first-line (1L) PMX-PDC. Ninety-five patients had sufficient RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data quality and clinical annotation for inclusion in the analysis. Associations between AF-PRS status and associate genes and outcome measures including progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical response were evaluated.

Results:

Overall, 53% of patients were AF-PRS(+), which was associated with extended PFS, but not overall survival, versus AF-PRS(−) (16.6 months vs. 6.6 months; P = 0.025). In patients who were stage I to III patients at the time of treatment, PFS was further extended in AF-PRS(+) versus AF-PRS(−) (36.2 months vs. 9.3 months; P = 0.03). Complete response (CR) to therapy was noted in 14 of 95 patients. AF-PRS(+) preferentially selected a majority (79%) of CRs, which were evenly split between patients stage I to III (six of seven) and stage IV (five of seven) at the time of treatment.

Conclusions:

AF-PRS identified a significant population of patients with extended PFS and/or clinical response following PMX-PDC treatment. AF-PRS may be a useful diagnostic test for patients indicated for systemic chemotherapy, especially when determining the optimal PDC regimen for locally advanced disease.
New distribution records of polyporoid fungi (Agaricomycetes: Basidiomycota) from India
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Singh Avneet Pal , Arora Saroj , Ram Ellu , Kaur Harpreet , Dhingra Gurpaul Singh
Published: May 2023

A descriptive account of four polypore species collected from Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Union Territory of Chandigarh has been provided. Among these, Fomes dahlii Henn., Ganoderma tsunodae (Yasuda ex Lloyd) Sacc., and Xanthoperenniporia maackiae (Bondartsev & Ljub.) B.K.Cui & Xing, Ji are described as new to India and Ganoderma tropicum (Jungh.) Bres., as new to Himachal Pradesh and Union Territory of Chandigarh.
First photographic record of the Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis Elliot, 1839 (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India
Authors: Mallik Phalguni Sarathi , Palei Nimain Charan , Bhakta Padarbinda Rath
Published: May 2023

We report the presence of the Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis Elliot, 1839 in Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary, a first record to Odisha. The presence of the species was identified through direct sighting and photo capture. We also observed feeding behaviour of the flying squirrels on Tamarind and Sal trees in the sanctuary.
Record of Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana (Hodgson, 1841) (Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Chetia Hiranmoy , Murali Krishna Chatakonda
Published: May 2023

In India, the Himalayan Marmot Marmota himalayana occurs in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh. In this communication, we describe the single sighting of foraging and storing of grass by Himalayan Marmots in the eastern Himalayan landscape of western Arunachal Pradesh and address the threats that we noticed. Though the species occur in different areas of India, no systematic work has been done till now to assess their population status and distribution, let alone in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
Nesting habitat and nest directionality of the Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica maxima (Schreber, 1784) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in the Nelliyampathy Reserve Forest, Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: K. Mohan  , Joseph J. Erinjery  , Singh Mewa
Published: May 2023

The information on selection of nesting habitat and nest directionality for arboreal species is crucial in developing conservation and management plan for the species. We studied the factors which affect the nesting habitat selection and the nest orientation by using the quadrat sampling method in Nelliyampathy Reserve Forest, Kerala. A total of 119 nest sites were observed on 26 different tree species in four different habitat types. Around 56.30% and 36.13% of the nests were sighted in contiguous forests and plantation with native tree shade, respectively. Of the 119 nests, 112 were in trees of height up to 30 m. Cullenia exarillata, Mesua ferrea, Actinodaphne malabarica, and Schleichera oleosa accounted for 45.4% of the nest with 15.9%, 11.8%, 9.2% and 8.4% nests, respectively. About 24.4% of the nests were directed towards the north-east direction (n = 29) whereas least preferred direction was the south (n = 05). This shows that the nests are oriented towards sun rise and to avoid wind and rainfall of monsoon which is foreseen from the south-west direction.
Sex-Specific Outcomes of Candidates Listed as the Highest Priority Status for Heart Transplantation
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Masotti Maria , Blumer Vanessa , Maharaj Valmiki , Cogswell Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Background:

While sex differences in heart transplantation (HT) waitlist mortality have been previously described, waitlist and HT outcomes by sex of patients in the highest urgency strata (Status 1) since implementation of the 2018 allocation system change in the United States are unknown. We hypothesized that women listed as Status 1 may have worse outcomes due to adverse events on temporary mechanical circulatory support.

Methods:

The analysis included adult, single-organ HT waitlist candidates listed as Status 1 at any time while listed, after the HT allocation system change (from October 18, 2018 through March 31, 2022). The primary outcome was the rate of HT by sex, assessed using multivariable competing risk analysis where waitlist removal for death or clinical deterioration was the competing event. Post-HT survival by sex of waitlist candidates transplanted as a Status 1 was also compared.

Results:

Of 1120 Status 1 waitlist candidates (23.8% women), women had a lower rate of HT compared to men (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62–0.88];
P
<0.001) and a higher rate of delisting for death or medical unsuitability (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.05–2.09];
P
=0.026). Calculated panel reactive antibody did not account for all the harm observed. Post-HT survival of Status 1 candidates by sex was similar (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.62–2.06];
P
=0.70).

Conclusions:

Women have a lower rate of HT and higher rate of delisting for death or clinical deterioration at the highest urgent status, which appears to be mediated but not fully explained by calculated panel reactive antibody levels. Further investigation into the safety profile of temporary mechanical circulatory support devices in women is needed.
LTBP4 Protects Against Renal Fibrosis via Mitochondrial and Vascular Impacts
Authors: Su Chi-Ting , See Daniel H.W. , Huang Yue-Jhu , Jao Tzu-Ming , Liu Shin-Yun , Chou Chih-Yi , Lai Chun-Fu , Lin Wei-Chou , Wang Chih-Yuan , Huang Jenq-Wen , Hung Kuan-Yu
Published: May 2023

Background:

As a part of natural disease progression, acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop into chronic kidney disease via renal fibrosis and inflammation. LTBP4 (latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4) regulates transforming growth factor beta, which plays a role in renal fibrosis pathogenesis. We previously investigated the role of LTBP4 in chronic kidney disease. Here, we examined the role of LTBP4 in AKI.

Methods:

LTBP4 expression was evaluated in human renal tissues, obtained from healthy individuals and patients with AKI, using immunohistochemistry.
LTBP4
was knocked down in both C57BL/6 mice and human renal proximal tubular cell line HK-2. AKI was induced in mice and HK-2 cells using ischemia-reperfusion injury and hypoxia, respectively. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, an inhibitor of DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1), was used to reduce mitochondrial fragmentation. Gene and protein expression were then examined to assess inflammation and fibrosis. The results of bioenergetic studies for mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis were assessed.

Results:

LTBP4 expression was upregulated in the renal tissues of patients with AKI.
Ltbp4
-knockdown mice showed increased renal tissue injury and mitochondrial fragmentation after ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, and decreased angiogenesis. in vitro studies using HK-2 cells revealed similar results. The energy profiles of Ltbp4-deficient mice and LTBP4-deficient HK-2 cells indicated decreased ATP production. LTBP4-deficient HK-2 cells exhibited decreased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Human aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited decreased angiogenesis when treated with LTBP4-knockdown conditioned media. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 treatment ameliorated inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in mice and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells.

Conclusions:

Our study is the first to demonstrate that LTBP4 deficiency increases AKI severity, consequently leading to chronic kidney disease. Potential therapies focusing on LTBP4-associated angiogenesis and LTBP4-regulated DRP1-dependent mitochondrial division are relevant to renal injury.
Immune Regulation of the Liver Through the PCSK9/CD36 Pathway During Heart Transplant Rejection
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xu Heng , Yu Jizhang , Cui Jikai , Chen Zhang , Li Yuan , Niu Yuqing , Wang Song , Ran Shuan , Zou Yanqiang , Wu Jie , Xia Jiahong
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), which is mainly secreted by the liver, is not only a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease, but also has been implicated in the immune regulation of infections and tumors. However, the role of PCSK9 and the liver in heart transplant rejection (HTR) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

METHODS:

We assessed serum PCSK9 expression in both murine and human recipients during HTR and investigated the effect of PCSK9 ablation on HTR by using global knockout mice and a neutralizing antibody. Moreover, we performed multiorgan histological and transcriptome analyses, and multiomics and single-cell RNA-sequencing studies of the liver during HTR, as well. We further used hepatocyte-specific
Pcsk9
knockout mice to investigate whether the liver regulated HTR through PCSK9. Last, we explored the regulatory effect of the PCSK9/CD36 pathway on the phenotype and function of macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS:

Here, we report that murine and human recipients have high serum PCSK9 levels during HTR. PCSK9 ablation prolonged cardiac allograft survival and attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the graft and the expansion of alloreactive T cells in the spleen. Next, we demonstrated that PCSK9 was mainly produced and significantly upregulated in the recipient liver, which also showed a series of signaling changes, including changes in the TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α) and IFN-γ (interferon γ) signaling pathways and the bile acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways. We found mechanistically that TNF-α and IFN-γ synergistically promoted PCSK9 expression in hepatocytes through the transcription factor SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 2). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that PCSK9 inhibited CD36 expression and fatty acid uptake by macrophages and strengthened the proinflammatory phenotype, which facilitated their ability to promote proliferation and IFN-γ production by donor-reactive T cells. Last, we found that the protective effect of PCSK9 ablation against HTR is dependent on the CD36 pathway in the recipient.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study reveals a novel mechanism for immune regulation by the liver through the PCSK9/CD36 pathway during HTR, which influences the phenotype and function of macrophages and suggests that the modulation of this pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent HTR.
Midterm Outcomes in Patients With Aortic Stenosis Treated With Contemporary Balloon‐Expandable and Self‐Expanding Valves: Does Valve Size Have an Impact on Outcome?
Authors: Kalogeras Konstantinos , Jabbour Richard J. , Pracon Radoslaw , Kabir Tito , Shannon Joanne , Duncan Alison , Quarto Cesare , Heng Ee‐Ling , Rahbi Hazim , Oikonomou Evangelos , Katsianos Efstratios , Patel Niket , Chandra Navin , Vavuranakis Michael‐Andrew , Cadiz Suzane , Bougiakli Maria , Smith Robert D. , Siasos Gerasimos , Vavuranakis Manolis , Davies Simon , Dalby Miles , Panoulas Vasileios
Published: May 2023

Background

No data currently exist comparing the contemporary iterations of balloon‐expandable (BE) Edwards SAPIEN 3/Ultra and the self‐expanding (SE) Medtronic Evolut PRO/R34 valves. The aim of the study was the comparison of these transcatheter heart valves with emphasis on patients with small aortic annulus.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective registry, periprocedural outcomes and midterm all‐cause mortality were analyzed. A total of 1673 patients (917 SE versus 756 BE) were followed up for a median of 15 months. A total of 194 patients died (11.6%) during follow‐up. SE and BE groups showed similar survival at 1 (92.6% versus 90.6%) and 3 (80.3% versus 85.2%) years (
P
log‐rank
=0.136).

Compared with the BE group, patients treated with the SE device had lower peak (16.3±8 mm Hg SE versus 21.9±8 mm Hg BE) and mean (8.8±5 mm Hg SE versus 11.5±5 mm Hg BE) gradients at discharge. Conversely, the BE group demonstrated lower rates of at least moderate paravalvular regurgitation postoperatively (5.6% versus 0.7% for SE and BE valves, respectively;
P
<0.001). In patients treated with small transcatheter heart valves (≤26 mm for SE and ≤23 mm for BE; N=284 for SE and N=260 for BE), survival was higher among patients treated with SE valves at both 1 (96.7% SE versus 92.1% BE) and 3 (91.8% SE versus 82.2% BE) years (
P
log‐rank
=0.042). In propensity‐matched patients treated with small transcatheter heart valve, there remained a trend for higher survival among the SE group at both 1 (97% SE versus 92.3% BE) and 3 years (91.8% SE versus 78.7% BE),
P
log‐rank
=0.096).

Conclusions

Real‐world comparison of the latest‐generation SE and BE devices demonstrated similar survival up to 3 years’ follow‐up. In patients with small transcatheter heart valves, there may be a trend for improved survival among those treated with SE valves.
Reducing Long‐Term Mortality Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Requires Systemic Differentiation of Patient‐Specific Coronary Hemodynamics
Authors: Khodaei Seyedvahid , Garber Louis , Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Maftoon Nima , Emadi Ali , Keshavarz‐Motamed Zahra
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite the proven benefits of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and its recent expansion toward the whole risk spectrum, coronary artery disease is present in more than half of the candidates for TAVR. Many previous studies do not focus on the longer‐term impact of TAVR on coronary arteries, and hemodynamic changes to the circulatory system in response to the anatomical changes caused by TAVR are not fully understood.

Methods and Results

We developed a multiscale patient‐specific computational framework to examine the effect of TAVR on coronary and cardiac hemodynamics noninvasively. Based on our findings, TAVR might have an adverse impact on coronary hemodynamics due to the lack of sufficient coronary blood flow during diastole phase (eg, maximum coronary flow rate reduced by 8.98%, 16.83%, and 22.73% in the left anterior descending, left circumflex coronary artery, and right coronary artery, respectively [N=31]). Moreover, TAVR may increase the left ventricle workload (eg, left ventricle workload increased by 2.52% [N=31]) and decrease the coronary wall shear stress (eg, maximum time averaged wall shear stress reduced by 9.47%, 7.75%, 6.94%, 8.07%, and 6.28% for bifurcation, left main coronary artery, left anterior descending, left circumflex coronary artery, and right coronary artery branches, respectively).

Conclusions

The transvalvular pressure gradient relief after TAVR might not result in coronary flow improvement and reduced cardiac load. Optimal revascularization strategy pre‐TAVR and progression of coronary artery disease after TAVR could be determined by noninvasive personalized computational modeling.
A new perspective on the molecular dating of the brown trout complex with an extended phylogeographic information on the species in Serbia
Authors: Veličković Tijana , Snoj Aleš , Simić Vladica , Šanda Radek , Vukić Jasna , Barcytė Dovilė , Stanković David , Marić Saša
Published: May 2023

To elucidate the historical biogeography of a species, the patterns of population divergence must be understood, and the evolutionary history of the species must be accurately known. For brown trout (Salmo trutta complex), estimating divergence times remains a challenge due to the lack of well-defined time calibration points and insufficient phylogeographic coverage in previous studies. The present work aims to improve molecular dating of mitochondrial control region sequences by using a multicalibration framework based on the latest paleogeological evidence for dating the origin of Lake Ohrid and two available Salmo fossils, including the overlooked Salmo immigratus. Our results clearly show that, contrary to common belief, the major divisions within the brown trout occurred in the Late Pliocene, not the Pleistocene. The Pliocene origin suggests that the brown trout lineages did not form because of geo(hydro)morphological changes during glaciation cycles but may be the result of orogeny and drainage evolution. In addition, increased sampling, particularly in Serbia, led to the identification of a new haplogroup (da-int) occupying an intermediate position with respect to da-es and da-bs haplogroups. While the control region can delineate brown trout lineages, its phylogenetic resolution is limited, so even extensive sampling could not further resolve the lineage level polytomies.
Estrogen modulation of cortical spreading depression
Authors: Kudo Chiho , Harriott Andrea M. , Moskowitz Michael A. , Waeber Christian , Ayata Cenk
Published: May 2023

Background and aims

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a transient neuronal and glial depolarization that propagates slowly across the cerebral cortex, is the putative electrophysiological event underlying migraine aura and a headache trigger. Migraine is three times more prevalent in women than men, linked to circulating female hormones. High estrogen levels or estrogen withdrawal may be a migraine trigger for many women. We, therefore, aimed to examine whether sex, gonadectomy, and female hormone supplementation and withdrawal affect the susceptibility to CSD.

Methods

To determine CSD susceptibility, we recorded the frequency of CSDs triggered during 2-h topical KCl application in intact or gonadectomized female and male rats, without or with estradiol or progesterone supplementation via daily intraperitoneal injections. Estrogen or progesterone treatment followed by withdrawal was studied in a separate cohort. To take the first step towards identifying potential mechanisms, we studied glutamate and GABAA receptor binding using autoradiography.

Results

The CSD frequency in intact female rats was higher than intact male and ovariectomized rats. We did not detect a change in CSD frequency during different stages of the estrous cycle in intact females. Daily estrogen injections for three weeks did not change CSD frequency. However, one-week estrogen withdrawal after two weeks of treatment significantly increased CSD frequency compared with the vehicle group in gonadectomized females. The same protocol of estrogen treatment and withdrawal was ineffective in gonadectomized males. In contrast to estrogen, daily progesterone injections for three weeks elevated CSD susceptibility, and one-week withdrawal after two weeks of treatment partially normalized this effect. Autoradiography did not reveal significant changes in glutamate or GABAAreceptor binding density after estrogen treatment and withdrawal.

Conclusions

These data suggest that females are more susceptible to CSD, and sexual dimorphism is abrogated by gonadectomy. Moreover, estrogen withdrawal after prolonged daily treatment enhances CSD susceptibility. These findings may have implications for estrogen-withdrawal migraine, although the latter tends to be without aura.