bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Inference of Uterine Contractions from Maternal ECG
Authors: Tanaka Shunsuke , Ito Keisuke , Takano Kyohei , Takasaki Yohsuke
Published: October 2024

Background

Preterm birth and stillbirth have multifaceted causes, many of which remain unknown. Factors such as maternal age, sexually transmitted infections, and genetic abnormalities are notably implicated. Globally, there has been minimal improvement in preterm birth rates, leading to substantial economic losses and underscoring the need for innovative approaches.

Objective

This study aims to analyze and detect uterine contractions by applying deep learning techniques to physiological data derived from maternal electrocardiograms (ECGs). Leveraging ECGs, which are easily obtainable from wearable devices, allows for effective and convenient monitoring of uterine contractions outside clinical settings. Since uterine contractions are a critical indicator for assessing the risk of preterm birth, our algorithm has the potential to facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals, thereby contributing to timely interventions and improved maternal-fetal outcomes.

Methods

Participants meeting all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria were recruited from patients admitted to or attending outpatient services at Saintpaulia Misao Ladies Hospital in Gifu, Japan, between December 6, 2023, and July 31, 2024. Our deep learning model was developed using maternal ECG data, uterine contraction waveforms obtained from cardiotocograms (CTGs). The collected data were divided into training and evaluation datasets. The AI-generated uterine contraction waveforms from the developed model were compared with ground truth labels obtained from the fetal monitoring devices. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine at Gifu University and was conducted as a collaborative research effort with nonat Inc. (the lead research institution) and Saintpaulia Misao Ladies Hospital (joint research institution).

Results

Finally, 73 participants took part in this study, and 57 datasets were used for algorithm development and evaluation. Multiple measurements were taken on the same subjects on different days only with their consent. Our analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the uterine contraction waveforms estimated by the developed model and the ground truth waveforms from CTGs, achieving an average correlation across all evaluation data (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.53).

Conclusion

This is the world’s first trial to detect uterine contractions from maternal ECGs using deep learning algorithms. In this study, we successfully developed a deep learning algorithm capable of accurately inferring uterine contraction waveforms from maternal ECGs. Given that ECGs can be easily obtained using wearable devices, this approach may provide healthcare professionals with objective and precise information on uterine contractions—a crucial indicator of preterm labor—even in resource-limited settings outside hospital environments.
Contextual enhancement on binge-like overconsumption of palatable sugar in mice
Authors: Matsui Hiroshi , Yasoshima Yasunobu
Published: October 2024

Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by the excessive intake of food within a short period, often beyond physiological needs. Studies using animal models have shown that binge eating animals consume food in quantities that surpass physiological necessity, and that the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior overlap with those involved in habit formation. Habitual behaviors are thought to be automatic responses acquired through extended behavioral training and are dependent on the context in which they were learned. Therefore, this study hypothesized that binge eating has a context-dependent component. We investigated whether the excessive palatable sugar intake observed in an animal model of binge eating is triggered by an associated context as a learned behavior. To test this, mice were trained to develop binge-like sugar consumption in a specific context. During the test phase, we reduced the animals’ hedonic needs for sugar solution by providing a two-hour satiety period. Sugar solution was then presented in both the training context and a novel context. The results showed that in the training context, the mice continued to consume sugar solution at levels similar to those observed at the onset of the satiation. In contrast, this context-induced sugar consumption was not observed in the novel context. These findings suggest that, like habitual behaviors, binge eating is induced under in the context-dependent manner and insensitive to the consequence of the behavior.
Sustained attention processes in very preterm adolescents and their relationship to socio-emotional competence
Authors: Fernandez NB. , Siffredi V. , Awada J. , Miehlbradt J. , Borradori-Tolsa C. , Liverani MC. , Ha-Vinh Leuchter R.
Published: October 2024

Very preterm (VPT) adolescents are at high risk of impaired sustained attention processes, as well as behavioral and socio-emotional problems. Previous studies have highlighted altered attentional patterns of brain activation in this population, but results are inconsistent. The current study aims to explore brain activity related to sustained attention in VPT and full-term adolescents aged 11-18, as well as its associations with attentional capacities and socio-emotional competences. Event-related functional MRI (fMRI) was used to assess sustained attention performance and associated brain activations by comparing VPT (n = 34) and their age-matched full-term (FT, n = 28) peers from a previously validated continuous performance task with gradual onset (gradCPT) paradigm, using two different modality versions (i.e., face and scene). In both groups, linear regression analyses were performed to examine associations between attentional and socio-emotional difficulties and brain activations related to sustained attention. Results show preserved sustained attention processes in VPT adolescents, indicated by comparable behavioral attentional performance and cerebral patterns of activations in both groups across the two modalities of the gradCPT. In addition, VPT adolescents showed over-recruitments in posterior occipital areas compared to FT adolescents. Moreover, higher socio-emotional difficulties (i.e., higher anxiety and social difficulties) in VPT were linked to altered activations specifically in the right middle frontal gyrus, occipito-temporal gyri and bilateral cerebellum, but exclusively observed during the face modality of the gradCPT. Overall, these results suggest that despite preserved sustained attention competences, VPT adolescents present a less mature sustained attention cerebral network, particularly during a task with a social context.
PRESSED FLOWERworks downstream ofASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2to affect sepal flatness inArabidopsis
Authors: Liu Ruoyu , Wang Zeming , He Xi , Zhou Heng , Xu Yiru , Hong Lilan
Published: October 2024

The development of flattened organs such as leaves and sepals is essential for proper plant function. While much research has focused on leaf flatness, little is known about how sepals achieve flat organ morphology. Previous study has shown that in Arabidopsis anASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2(AS2) gene mutationas2-7Dcauses ectopicAS2expression on the abaxial sepal epidermis, which leads to growth discoordination between the two sides of sepals, resulting in outgrowth formation on abaxial sepal epidermis and sepal flatness disruption. Here we report that thePRESSED FLOWER(PRS) works downstream ofAS2in affecting sepal flatness. Genetic analysis showed thatPRSmutations suppressed the outgrowth formation on the abaxial sepal epidermis inas2-7Dmutant. Through tracking thePRSexpression dynamics at a cellular resolution throughout the early developmental stages in WT andas2-7Dsepals, we found that on the abaxial epidermis ofas2-7Dsepals, ectopicAS2expression up-regulatedPRSexpression, leading to the epidermal outgrowth initiation. AS2 affected PRS activity on multiple levels: AS2 activatedPRSexpression through direct binding toPRSpromoter region; AS2 also physically interacted with PRS. Our study highlights the complex interplay between AS2 and PRS in modulating sepal flatness.
Tunicate-specific protein Epi-1 is essential for conferring hydrophilicity to the larval tunic in the ascidianCiona
Authors: Kuroiwa Kazu , Mita-Yoshida Kaoru , Hamada Mayuko , Hozumi Akiko , Nishino Atsuo S. , Sasakura Yasunori
Published: October 2024

Animals must avoid adhesion to objects in the environment to maintain their mobility and independence. The marine invertebrate chordate ascidians are characterized by an acellular matrix tunic enveloping their entire body for protection and swimming. The tunic of ascidian larvae consists of a surface cuticle layer and inner matrix layer. Hydrophilic substances coat the cuticle; this modification is thought to be for preventing adhesion. However, the molecule responsible for regulating this modification has not been clarified. We here found that the tunicate-specific protein Epi-1 is responsible for preventing adhesiveness of the tunic in the ascidianCiona intestinalisType A.Cionamutants with homozygous knockouts ofEpi-1exhibited adhesion to plastic plates and to other individuals. The cuticle of theEpi-1mutants was fragile, and it lost the glycosaminoglycans supplied by test cells, the accessory cells that normally attach to the tunic surface. Although it has an apparent signal peptide for membrane trafficking, we showed that the Epi-1 protein is localized to the cytosol of the epidermal cells. Our study demonstrated that the emergence of the tunicate-specific protein Epi-1 accelerated the immediate ancestor of tunicates to evolve a tunic by providing a way to avoid the adhesiveness of this structure.

Highlights

The ascidianCionatunic has a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-coated hydrophilic cuticle.

Epi-1 is a protein expressed in the epidermis of tunicates during embryogenesis.

Epi-1 Cionamutants have GAG-free, hydrophobic and therefore sticky cuticles.

Epi-1 acquisition may have prevented adhesion of tunicates to environmental objects.
Born-Infeld stars and charged black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
Authors: Brihaye Yves , Hartmann Betti
Published: October 2024

We discuss the formation of scalar clouds on charged, spherically symmetric and static stars and black holes. We first discuss Reissner-Nordström black holes with electric and magnetic charge and present new results demonstrating the existence of a second branch of solutions. Moreover, we find that the presence of the magnetic charge allows for a smaller mass and Noether charge when the clouds are close to their minimal possible mean radius. When replacing standard electrodynamics with Born-Infeld (BI) electrodynamics, the background model possesses globally regular, starlike solutions as well as black hole solutions. We show that the former can be scalarized as well, and that the scalar clouds become more compact when decreasing the electric charge of the BI star. Finally, we discuss a magnetic dipole field in the background of the scalarized BI star and show that the strong gravitational field of this star leads to a significant change.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Efficient representations of upper limits and confidence intervals for experimental data
Authors: Dergachev Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Upper limits and confidence intervals are a convenient way to present experimental results. With modern experiments producing more and more data, it is often necessary to reduce the volume of the results for convenient distribution. A common approach is to take a maximum over a set of upper limits, which yields an upper limit valid for the entire set. This, however, can result in significant sensitivity loss, because we discard more constraining data. In this paper, we introduce upper limits and confidence intervals that allow one to summarize results with a small relaxation of constraints. A toy example and an application to upper limits in all-sky continuous gravitational wave searches are worked out.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Finite-time optimization of a quantum Szilard heat engine
Authors: Zhou Tan-Ji , Ma Yu-Han , Sun C. P.
Published: October 2024

We propose a finite-time quantum Szilard engine (QSE) with a spin-1/2 quantum particle as the working substance (WS) to accelerate the operation of information engines. We introduce a Maxwell's demon (MD) to probe the spin state within a finite measurement time tM to capture the which-way information of the particle, quantified by the mutual information I(tM) between WS and MD. We establish that the efficiency η of QSE is bounded by η≤1−(1−ηC)ln2/I(tM), where I(tM)/ln2 characterizes the ideality of quantum measurement, and approaches 1 for the Carnot efficiency reached under ideal measurement in quasistatic regime. We find that the output power of QSE scales as PO∝tM3 in the short-time regime and as PO∝tM−1 in the long-time regime. Additionally, considering the energy cost for erasing the MD's memory required by Landauer's principle, there exists a threshold time that guarantees QSE to output positive work.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Probing early phase coarsening in a rapidly quenched Bose gas using off-resonant matter-wave interferometry
Authors: Rabga Tenzin , Lee Yangheon , Shin Y.
Published: October 2024

We experimentally investigate the evolution of spatial phase correlations in a rapidly quenched inhomogeneous Bose gas of rubidium using off-resonant matter-wave interferometry. We measure the phase coherence length ℓ of the sample and directly probe its increase during the early stage of condensate growth before vortices are formed. Once the vortices are formed stably in the quenched condensate, the measured value of ℓ is shown to be linearly proportional to the mean distance between the vortex. These results confirm the presence of phase coarsening prior to vortex formation, which is crucial for a quantitative understanding of the resultant defect density in samples undergoing critical phase transitions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Building Krylov complexity from circuit complexity
Authors: Lv Chenwei , Zhang Ren , Zhou Qi
Published: October 2024

Krylov complexity has emerged as a probe of operator growth in a wide range of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics. However, a fundamental issue remains in such studies: the definition of the distance between basis states in Krylov space is ambiguous. Here we show that Krylov complexity can be rigorously established from circuit complexity when dynamical symmetries exist. Whereas circuit complexity characterizes the geodesic distance in a multidimensional operator space, Krylov complexity measures the height of the final operator in a particular direction. The geometric representation of circuit complexity thus unambiguously designates the distance between basis states in Krylov space. This geometric approach also applies to time-dependent Liouvillian superoperators, where a single Krylov complexity is no longer sufficient. Multiple Krylov complexity may be exploited jointly to fully describe operator dynamics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Red dog, blue dog: the influence of political identity on owner–pet relationships and owners’ purchases of pet-related products and services
Authors: Xia Lan , Wang Joyce (Feng) , Gao Fei
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Pets reflect the identity and moral values of their owners. The purpose of this study is to examine how pet owners’ political identity (liberal–conservative) influences the relationship they forge with their pets as well as their purchase behaviors of pet-related products and services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted two surveys of pet owners with different political identities and measured both their relationship with their pets and their purchase intentions of medical-related products and services as well as luxury accessories. Two secondary data sources were used to provide additional support.

Findings

This study shows that, on one hand, pet owners anthropomorphize their pets as if they were human equals. On the other hand, they consider themselves masters and emphasize control. The former aligns with the individualizing values endorsed by liberals, while the latter aligns with conservatives’ binding values. Reflecting their different values and owner-pet relationship characteristics, liberals and conservatives exhibit different purchase patterns. Liberals are more likely to buy medical-related products and services, while conservatives are more likely to buy branded luxury accessories for their pets.

Research limitations/implications

Both primary studies are survey-based and data are correlational in nature. In addition, the samples are limited to the USA. While research suggests that the liberal-conservative continuum is universal, additional research is needed to generalize the findings to other countries.

Practical implications

Understanding the owner-dog relationship in the context of political identity and the effect of these relationships on dog owners' purchases offer interesting managerial implications in terms of product offerings, retail assortment decisions of related products and pet product branding.

Originality/value

While dog ownership and related purchases are on the rise, research on owner-pet relationships is scant. This study provides theoretical contributions and implications by going beyond general relationship closeness and bringing in the role of owners’ (political) identity.
Appraising challenges facing Zimbabwe’s building retrofitting for energy efficiency using structural equation model approach
Authors: Mapfumo Ericcson Tunashe , Emuze Fidelis , Smallwood John , Ebekozien Andrew
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In the era of climate change, the need to ensure that buildings are energy efficient cannot be overemphasised. Studies have shown that building retrofitting can improve energy efficiency (EE) and sustainability. There may be hindrances to retrofitting for energy efficiency. Extant literature and policy documents on Zimbabwe suggest a better framework to help stakeholders manage their existing buildings by addressing challenges and policy inconsistencies. This study appraises and critically discusses the challenges facing retrofitting Zimbabwe’s buildings for energy efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopted a quantitative research design using a questionnaire survey distributed to the respondents knowledgeable in building retrofitting and energy efficiency in Zimbabwe. The data were analysed through various statistical approaches (descriptive and inferential). The inferential tests include the Shapiro–Wilk test, Kruskal–Wallis H-test, exploratory factor analysis and heterotrait-monotrait ratio analysis to develop the structural equation model that validated the challenges for retrofitting buildings.

Findings

The results revealed the challenges of retrofitting buildings for EE in Zimbabwe, and a structural equation model was developed that clustered the key challenges into three main groups. This includes inadequate finance to invest in energy, outdated building by-laws and the unavailability of raw materials to achieve energy efficiency.

Originality/value

By appraising the challenges facing retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency in Zimbabwe, this study provides insights into the contextual factors that can enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in other developing countries. The study’s practical implications will positively impact the Green Building Council and other stakeholders interested in improving energy efficiency in the built environment.
Adaptive impedance control method for manipulator based on radial basis function
Authors: Tang Shufeng , Chai Zhijie , Wang Xin , Chang Hong , Guo Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

Purpose

In view of the unknown environmental parameters and uncertain interference during gripping by the manipulator, it is difficult to obtain an effective gripping force with the traditional impedance control method. To avoid this dilemma, the purpose of this study is to propose an adaptive control strategy based on an adaptive neural network and a PID search optimization algorithm for unknown environments.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is based on a variable impedance model, and a new impedance model is established using a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to estimate unknown parameters of the impedance model. The approximation errors of the adaptive neural network and the uncertain disturbance are effectively suppressed by designing the adaptive rate. In the meantime, auxiliary variables are constructed for Lyapunov stability analysis and adaptive controller design, and PSA is used to ensure the stability of the adaptive impedance control system. Based on the Lyapunov stability criterion, the adaptive im-pedance control system is proved to have progressive tracking convergence property.

Findings

Through comparative simulations and experiments, the superiority of the proposed adaptive control strategy in position and force tracking has been verified. For objects with low flexibility and light-weight (such as a coke, a banana and a nectarine), this control method demonstrates errors of less than 10%.

Originality/value

This paper uses RBF neural networks to estimate unknown parameters of the impedance model in real-time, enhancing system adaptability. Neural network weights are updated online to suppress errors and disturbances. Auxiliary variables are designed for Lyapunov stability analysis. The PSA algorithm is used to adjust controller parameters in real-time. Additionally, comparative simulations and experi-ments are designed to analyze and validate the performance of controller.
Re-examining consumer engagement in the circular economy
Authors: De Chiara Alessandra , Gallo Michele , Simonacci Violetta
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to deepen knowledge of consumers’ attitudes towards circular economy products by focusing on the enabling factors that influence their behaviours. The success of the closed-loop economy depends not only on innovation but also on the active participation of the consumer. In these models, the authors witness the transition from the centrality of production to the centrality of use. This paper investigates Italian consumers’ tendency to purchase second-hand products in the clothing sector, one of the most polluting industrial sectors, focusing on the enabling factors that influence their behaviours, the reasons for their purchases and the existence of differences between market segments.

Design/methodology/approach

To accomplish this aim, a two-step investigation was carried out: a literature review and a quantitative analysis through a snowball survey involving 963 individuals, noting that non-random sampling restricts the validity of the findings within the considered sub-set of the Italian population. Statistical analyses were performed using the R 4.1.2 software environment along with Rstudio IDE v.1.4.1106 and the packages FactoMineR for cluster analysis and vcd for mosaic plots.

Findings

Environmental knowledge/awareness and solidarity values have a significant positive effect on consumers’ attitudes and purchasing behaviour towards circular products within the selected sample. A strong statistically significant association (p-value ≪ 0.01) is confirmed between those who consciously purchase sustainable clothing and those who are members/supporters of environmental associations, know sustainable brands and the advantages of the circular economy. Significant relations also emerged in reference to gender and age. In detail, the purchasing of sustainable clothing was found to be positively associated with females and generation Y respondents. Theoretical, institutional and managerial implications stem from the experimental findings of this study.

Originality/value

This study investigates the point of view of demand. From this perspective, this paper proposes a consumer engagement paradigm that highlights the motivations and enabling factors prompting participation in circular economy processes and affecting purchasing practices and attitudes towards second-hand clothing products with regard to Italian consumers.
Unveiling the failure: a comprehensive analysis of Bangladesh’s war on drugs
Authors: Husain Taha
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate public perceptions of illegal drug availability in Bangladesh amid the ongoing war on drugs while comparing the efficacy of crackdowns with traditional law enforcement strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative approach, the research analyzes data gathered from 400 participants, including law enforcement officials, students, politicians, community leaders and journalists.

Findings

The findings reveal that illegal drugs continue to be widely accessible in Bangladesh, with 50.15% of respondents acknowledging this despite the government's intensified efforts against drug dealers since 2015. Perceptions of availability are notably higher among those identifying as “other” (66.67%), younger individuals aged 18–28 (55.26%), participants with lower educational levels (76.67% for those with less than SSC education), unmarried respondents (58.86%) and students (60.55%). When assessing enforcement methods, a substantial majority (65.6%) prefer regular law enforcement over violent crackdowns. The survey indicates that all respondents identifying as “other,” along with 73.23% of females, 65.6% of males, 81.82% of participants aged 58–68 and individuals from Khulna (92.65%), Rangpur (96.92%) and Dhaka (51.43%), overwhelmingly favor regular law enforcement compared to crackdowns.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes the urgent need to address the shortcomings of violent anti-drug measures and advocates for a more holistic approach that considers the complex interplay of social, economic and health factors in combating drug abuse in Bangladesh.

Originality/value

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between demographic factors and perceptions of drug availability and the effectiveness of violent crackdowns vs regular law enforcement, revealing new insights into this complex sociocultural issue.
On the hydrothermal features of MHD nanofluid flow over a differently shaped thin needle influenced by Hall current with nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Bag Raju , Kundu Prabir Kumar
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The investigation has appraised the problem of an incompressible laminar steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid stream over three distinct slendering thin isothermal needles of paraboloid, cylindrical and cone shapes. Water as a base liquid is assumed in this flow model. The influences of the Hall current and variable sorts of magnetic forces have enriched our investigation. Energy and concentration expressions consist of thermophoresis and Brownian migration phenomena. The analysis of thermal and mass slips of the presumed model has also been performed.

Design/methodology/approach

A relevant transformation is implemented for the alteration of the leading partial differential equations (PDEs) to the equations with nonlinear ordinary form. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the foremost equations, the problem is solved numerically by embedding the well-known RK-4 shooting practice. The software MAPLE 2017 has been exploited in reckoning the entire computation. To enunciate the investigated upshots, some graphical diagrams have been regarded here. According to technological interest, we measured the engineering quantities like the Sherwood number, the coefficient of drag friction and the Nusselt number in tabular customs.

Findings

The obtained consequences support that Hall current intensifies fluid movement when the needle is in a cone shape, while the superior velocity is noticed for cylindrical-shaped needles. The transference of heat responds inversely along with the growths of thermal and mass slip factors.

Originality/value

No work has been performed on the flow model of radiated nanofluid over a variable-shaped thin needle under Hall current, the variable magnetic field and different slip factors.
The accounting challenges for indigenous businesses: a Pacific Islands case study
Authors: Sharma Umesh , Davey Howard
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the accounting challenges faced by indigenous businesses in the wholesale and retail market in Tonga.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, from a mix of individuals from the wholesale and retail market in Tonga. This paper uses institutional logics framework to inform the study.

Findings

The research findings suggest an inability of indigenous businesses to adapt to significant changes in the market and overcome the economic and social challenges faced in the business environment involving accounting values. A lack of business skills and accounting knowledge, restrictive traditions and religious obligations and a poor business investment climate are key factors behind the inability of the indigenous Tongan businesses to succeed.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is limited to a study on Tonga only. The paper suggests better accountability from government sector on their effort to encourage inclusion of indigenous businesses.

Practical implications

The paper suggests better accountability from government sector on their effort to encourage inclusion of indigenous businesses. As a way forward, participants suggest that an inclusive approach for the government, businesses and stakeholders in policy formulation and consultation would create a better business environment that would foster the development and growth of the wholesale and retail business sector in Tonga. There is a dearth of cultural studies in accounting in countries within the developing world, particularly in the Oceania region.

Social implications

There are many accounting challenges faced by the indigenous Tongan business people in the market, which indicate specific areas where the attention of the policymakers should be directed. A better accountability from the government is needed on their efforts to encourage inclusion of indigenous businesses.

Originality/value

This paper extends the literature by considering inclusivity challenges for ethnically marginalised collectives of individuals in small business. The research findings suggest a gap in knowledge in the current business environment with respect to the Western accounting practices in the indigenous society.
Optimizing parameters for additive manufacturing: a study on the vibrational performance of 3D printed cantilever beams using material extrusion
Authors: Ekerer Sabri Can , Boğa Cem , Seyedzavvar Mirsadegh , Koroglu Tahsin , Farsadi Touraj
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of different printing parameters on the free vibration characteristics of 3D printed cantilever beams. Through a comprehensive analysis of material extrusion (ME) variables such as extrusion rate, printing pattern and layer thickness, the study seeks to enhance the understanding of how these parameters influence the vibrational properties, particularly the natural frequency, of printed components.

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental design involves conducting a series of experiments using a central composite design approach to gather data on the vibrational response of ABS cantilever beams under diverse ME parameters. These parameters are systematically varied across different levels, facilitating a thorough exploration of their effects on the vibrational behavior of the printed specimens. The collected data are then used to develop a predictive model leveraging a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)/ particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach, which combines the strengths of ANN in modeling complex relationships and PSO in optimizing model parameters.

Findings

The developed ANN/PSO hybrid model demonstrates high accuracy in predicting the natural frequency of 3D printed cantilever beams, with a correlation ratio (R) of 0.9846 when tested against experimental data. Through iterative fine-tuning with PSO, the model achieves a low mean square error (MSE) of 1.1353e-5, underscoring its precision in estimating the vibrational characteristics of printed specimens. Furthermore, the model’s transformation into a regression model enables the derivation of surface response characteristics governing the vibration properties of 3D printed objects in response to input parameters, facilitating the identification of optimal parameter configurations for maximizing vibration characteristics in 3D printed products.

Originality/value

This study introduces a novel predictive model that combines ANNs with PSO to analyze the vibrational behavior of 3D printed ABS cantilever beams produced under various ME parameters. By integrating these advanced methodologies, the research offers a pioneering approach to precisely estimating the natural frequency of 3D printed objects, contributing to the advancement of predictive modeling in additive manufacturing.
Do employees matter, or is everything a facade? Effective knowledge management targeting well-being
Authors: Rath Alisha , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The competency trap can occur when organizations become resistant to change due to their existing competencies, leading to a culture of complacency and hindering adaptability and innovation. This paper aims to understand this trap and its hindrance to organizational learning and knowledge acquisition. The study aims to integrate employee well-being into knowledge management (KM) strategies to overcome obstacles and demonstrate its significant contribution to effective KM and improving overall organizational health.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) process was used in this research, with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol used to scrutinize articles for review. Only 50 peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2023 that focused on KM and employee well-being were included for review.

Findings

Organizations can tackle the competency trap by managing knowledge effectively and prioritizing employee well-being. When considered for effective KM, the PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning and accomplishment) facets of well-being strategically supports knowledge sharing and sustainable organizational change through KM.

Practical implications

Focusing on PERMA facets of well-being in KM, an organization can emphasize employees' sense of achievement, addressing the competency trap to build a culture of knowledge sharing. This approach benefits professionals in developing an effective KM system.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the challenge of the competency trap, which has gained less academic attention, and explores KM from a well-being perspective.
The nature and development of children’s consumer competence: evidence from the aisles
Authors: Watkins Leah , Aitken Robert
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of children’s consumer competence and the role that parents play in its development.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 15 parent/children dyads provided a novel and participatory approach. Children were accompanied to their local supermarket to conduct a grocery shop for their families and asked to explain the reasons for each consumption choice. Parents were interviewed separately to discuss their role in the development of their children’s consumer competence. Both sets of responses were analysed thematically to identify commonalities.

Findings

The research identified four themes comprising children’s consumer competence: decision-making; advertising, brands and promotion; financial awareness and shopping knowledge. The themes are the result of an intentional process of parental socialization that enable children to move from simple to complex and contingent shopping scripts as an essential stage in the development of their consumer competence.

Research limitations/implications

Although the study comprised a mixed sample of participants, its small size prevents extrapolation of the results to inform wider conclusions. It should also be noted that the influence of social desirability bias needs to be acknowledged.

Originality/value

Results show that children are highly aware of the competing demands of individual and family needs and able to make the consumption decisions necessary to meet them. These decisions are underpinned by parental values and attitudes that are explicit in the socialization of their children’s consumption. The authors define children’s consumption competence as the ability to make informed, independent, contingent, complex and values-based consumption decisions.
Evil and allies: Opportunistic gulls as both spreaders and sentinels of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in human‐transformed landscapes
Authors: Martín‐Vélez Víctor , Montalvo Tomás , Giralt David , Ramírez Francisco , Giménez Joan , Morral‐Puigmal Clara , Planell Raquel , Sabate Sara , Bota Gerard , Navarro Joan
Published: October 2024

Human‐transformed residuals, especially those derived from human waste (dumps), farmland, and livestock are involved in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. Wildlife can act as vectors of ARB dispersal through different environments, but also as sentinels to detect the early spread and determine ARB sources. The development of integrated monitoring programmes focused on wildlife would help to anticipate the risks of ARB to humans and livestock.

We used the yellow‐legged gull (Larus michahellis) as a model species to investigate and monitor the spatial patterns of ARB dispersal across an extensive farmland region located in northeastern Spain (Lleida). By integrating GPS tracking data and ARB clinical testing for 26 individuals within a network analysis framework, we modelled the risk of spatial pathogen spread through faeces during the bacteria‐transmission latency period (16 days after sample collection). Additionally, we created a connectivity network to determine the main sources of ARB in the area, focusing on three main habitats of special risk for infection: dumps, livestock facilities, and irrigation ponds.

Seven individuals were infected by Escherichia coli, with one also co‐infected with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Potential pathogen dispersal distances ranged from 1.13 km to 23.13 km from the breeding colony. Our network analyses revealed 54 main nodes (i.e. high‐risk habitats recurrently visited by tracked gulls) and 1182 links among them. Our findings revealed a high degree of connectivity between the breeding area, located in a shallow lake, and nearby dumps, highlighting them as significant contributors to ARB dispersal.

Synthesis and applications: The integration of GPS data, pathogen testing and network analyses can shed further light on pathogen dynamics by creating spatial risk maps and identifying ARB sources. In combination with complementary molecular epidemiology techniques within a One Health framework, our approach can emerge as an important tool for monitoring ARB dynamics within highly human‐transformed ecosystems. This may empower managers for the development of targeted ARB monitoring programmes and effective mitigation strategies, ultimately improving both animal and public health.
Cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of Communication Activities of Daily Living third edition in Spanish and Catalan for people with aphasia
Authors: Roca Clàudia , Ivern Ignasi , Cifre Ignacio , Bruna Olga
Published: October 2024

Background

In the Spanish and Catalan context, there is currently a lack of standardized, linguistically adapted tools to assess people with communication disorders. This lack is especially evident when it comes to instruments designed to assess functional communication.

Aims

The main objective of this study is to adapt the instrument entitled Communication Activities of Daily Living 3rd edition (CADL‐3) into European Spanish (CADL‐3VE) and Catalan (CADL‐3VC), thus providing a new tool to assess the functional communication of patients with aphasia in the Spanish and Catalan populations.

Methods & Procedures

A total of 152 people, all residents of Catalonia, took part in the study. The CADL‐3VE test was administered to 125 Spanish‐speaking participants, who were divided into two groups, one consisting of patients with aphasia and the other a control group. The CADL‐3VC test was administered to 27 Catalan‐speaking patients with aphasia. Other tests and assessment scales were used for the external validation of the test.

Outcomes & Results

Reliability scores were recorded for both new versions of the test. There was a very strong correlation between the CADL‐3VE test and external criteria. The scores for both of the new versions showed significant differences in terms of performance between the aphasia and control groups. Both versions displayed similarities with the original test with respect to most of the psychometric analyses carried out.

Conclusion & Implications

The test makes it possible to assess everyday communicative functioning and participation in real‐world contexts. As such, it helps inform the creation of personalized, interdisciplinary treatment plans aimed at functional objectives that consider the patient's context.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known on the subject

In order to effectively assess aphasia based on a bio‐psycho‐social perspective, it is necessary to examine functional communication. In other words, there is a need to explore the kinds of communication difficulties that people face in their everyday lives. Communication Activities of Daily Living (CADL‐3) is an English‐language test that was developed to assess functional communication by simulating certain everyday activities.

What this study adds

This paper offers an analysis of the items, reliability and validity of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the CADL‐3 test.

What are the clinical implications of this work?

This new instrument has the potential to play an essential role in assessing the everyday functional communication of people with aphasia in Spain.
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