bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Competence of Bachelor Graduates of the High Technical School as the Basis of Professional and Moral Stability of a Future Specialist
Authors: Svezhentseva I B , Sharypina L A
Published: June 2019

The article analyzes the General cultural and professional competences of future specialists of the higher technical school, considered as the basis of professional and moral stability of students. The essence of professional and moral stability is revealed as an integrative quality and internal characteristic of professionalism, aimed at self-realization of the personality of the future specialist in professional activity. Professional culture is studied from the point of view of axiological component as a set of stable values in the sphere of future professional activity with their student’s personally significant objectification. Professional and moral stability is analyzed as a state, productive process and the result of mastering and creating professional and moral values. The main common professionally significant qualities of personality and competence of future specialists, which form the basis of their professional and moral stability, are defined.
Comparative Integrated Assessment and Rating of Stability of Functioning of Belgorod Region Food Industry Enterprises throughout 2016
Authors: Slabinskaya I A , Benderskaya O B
Published: June 2019

The paper features the comparative analysis of the stability of functioning of a sample of five Belgorod Region food industry enterprises selected randomly. Sustainability of functioning of an enterprise is understood as its functional performance within an indeterminate amount of time and ability to achieve its objectives under the influence of negative factors. An integrated comparative assessment of enterprises’ sustainability in 2016 using a modified method of the sum of points alongside with their ranking was carried out according to twelve performance indicators (financial stability index, stable working capital-to-production ratio, current liquidity ratio, total assets turnover ratio, growth rate ratio in respect of revenue, sales profit, net profit and equity capital, as well as return on sales profit, net profit, total and equity assets). Conclusions are drawn that all the enterprises surveyed functioned steadily, and most of them had an adequate financial status. Also in the article there is a thesis about the usefulness of continuous monitoring of the sustainability of the functioning of enterprises and sectoral generalizations at the regional level, as well as outlines the obstacles preventing this.
A Model for Assessing the Development of the Economy of the “Future Cities” Based on the Regression Data Parameter Constructive Coste Model
Authors: Komarevtseva O O
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the scientific article is the formation of a model for assessing the development of the economy of the “future cities”. The model tool is the regression data parameter Constructive Coste Model. The author suggests an aggregated model for assessing the development of the economy of a municipal formation. In the scientific article, the methods of situational modeling, imitation modeling, approximation, grouping of specific elements of a structural object, algorithmization of functional processes. The emphasis of the article is on the methodological apparatus of the subjective author’s opinion. The methodological apparatus takes into account external changes in the economy of the city. Methodological approaches include: entropy of scientific knowledge, aberration, approximation, robustness. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: the municipal economy is in the process of transformation; The aggregated model is an effective tool for assessing the development of the economy of the “future cities”; the accuracy of the model for assessing the development of the economy of the “future cities” has been confirmed criterial.
Migration Outflow in Monotowns of Kemerovo Region Studied by Methods of Mathematical Modelling: Integrated Approach
Authors: Chernova E S , Meshechkin V V , Glinchikov K E
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the problem of population migration as a factor affecting the prospects for the development of monotowns in Kemerovo region (by the example of Novokuznetsk - a monotown with a stable social and economic situation). One of the negative trends being observed in the monotowns of Kuzbass and determining their development is the growth of natural population decline and negative migration balance. The authors approach the solution of the problem posed from the standpoint of the mathematical theory of optimal processes. At the first stage, integrated assessments of social and environmental attractiveness of a mono-town for the population are constructed to analyze this problem. To find them, the process under investigation is decomposed and pre-sented as a hierarchical model. In the second stage, the dynamics of change in the resulting integrated assessments - environmental attractiveness, housing conditions, the effectiveness of health care and education system operation - is studied by methods of statistical analysis alongside with the impact produced on them due to changes in municipal budget expenditures of the urban district un-der consideration in various areas of financing: “National issues”, “National economy”, “Education”, “Culture, cinematography”, “Public health”, “Social policy”, “Environmental protection”. Based on the dependencies obtained, a model of optimal control is constructed that allows determining the effective distribution of budgetary funds in order to achieve the most favorable socio-ecological situation in a monotown. The proposed model can be used by mu-nicipal authorities in developing programs for the strategic development of monotowns.
Spatial and Econometric Modeling of the Demographic Situation in the Kemerovo Region
Authors: Novoseltseva M , Gutova S , Glinchikov K
Published: June 2019

The article presents an analysis of the demographic situation in 34 municipal formations in the Kemerovo Region of the Russian Federation (16 urban districts and 18 municipal districts). The methods of spatial-econometrics modelling are used to study the factors affecting depopulation in the region and problems of the spatial arrangement and heterogeneity of the 24 single-industry cities. Calculating the local and global Moran’s index revealed positive autocorrelation between the population of the regions and districts, which makes it necessary to consider spatial interconnections while creating prediction models. In order to downweight the attribute space, four integrated indexes, that characterize integrated assessments of the levels of education, ecology, healthcare and housing conditions were created. The SAR-model was built, reflecting the effect complex assessment of the social-ecological infrastructure development has on the relative population growth in municipal formations of the Kemerovo region. The assessment of factors, affecting population in the territorial units, have shown that the most influential are healthcare and housing. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that differentiation, taking place in the development of regions and district of the Kuznetsk Basin, is mostly due to internal factors. The results testify to the need for a regionally differentiated approach when managing the demographic situation in the Kemerovo region.
Quality Management of the Polytechnic Education by the Methods of Knowledge Value Refinement Technology
Authors: Filippovskaya T V
Published: June 2019

The author states the problems in the organization of polytechnic education at the world and national levels and offers involvement of innovative approaches to the organization of students training. The author recalls the author’s approach to the assessment of the essence of knowledge. The concept of «knowledge» is systematically used in problematic scientific publications, but the task of its semantic specification remains. This is predetermined by different assessments of the essence of knowledge not only in different scientific areas, but even within them. The author recalls the results of her previous studies where the activity essence of knowledge, principles of its realization, ontological structure of knowledge was specified. On this basis, the author describes the technology of refining the value of knowledge and provides data on the introduction of this technology. The effect of the introduction of technology to clarify the value of knowledge is presented and an invitation to discussion on the humanization of technological education on the basis of innovative assessment of the essence of knowledge and its value is given.
The Legal Nature of Cryptocurrency
Authors: Bolotaeva O S , Stepanova A A , Alekseeva S S
Published: June 2019

The article is a result of the cryptocurrency research with the view of its legal nature. Appearing in 2009, based on blockchain technology, cryptocurrency has quickly become worldwide popular and formed a new sphere of public relations which badly needs regulation and control from a government. One of the main problems is definition of cryptocurrency’s legal nature, i.e. answer to the question: what is cryptocurrency as an object of legal regulation? It is not easy to answer one because cryptocurrency in its matter and functions has resemblance not only with money but also with goods and non-documentary securities. Defining legal nature and status of cryptocurrency, governments of the world have an opportunity to either legally equate it to one of the existing objects of legal regulation or confront more complicated task which is to accept cryptocurrency as a fundamentally new object of legal regulation, give it legal definition based on its economic essence and start creating corresponding legislation. Author has researched special features of blockchain technology functions and emission of cryptocurrency, studied practices of legal regulations of cryptocurrency in various countries, considered positions of different states in defining legal nature of cryptocurrency and made relevant conclusions and suggestions.
The Utilization of the Finest Fraction of Recycled Aggregate from CDW for Concrete
Authors: Fortova K , Pavlu T
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this study is to verify the use of fine recycled aggregate originating from construction and demolition waste. Fine fraction of aggregate up to 4 mm (sand) is commonly used for ordinary concrete. This research tests the properties of concrete whose sand content has been partially replaced by fine recycled aggregate. The use of these fine particles could reduce the consumption of natural sand. There were also tested samples with a mineral admixture up to 1 mm in size, which appear as dust during the crushing of waste concrete. The use of these fine particles fills pores between larger particles to make the aggregate skeleton of the concrete mixture denser. Furthermore, the fine particles can contain a small amount of unhydrated cement. The results of physical and mechanical and deformation properties of concrete mixtures are presented.
Secondary Materials in the Building Sector – Energy and Material Flows
Authors: Gruhler K , Bimesmeier T , Deilmann C
Published: June 2019

The recycling of construction and demolition waste is an important step-stone towards the achievement of resource conservation and the reduction of environmental impacts through construction. To this end, the recycling of construction waste usually is considered from a mass perspective. But it is necessary to add an energy perspective to the production of secondary raw materials in order to develop environmental sound solutions and to reveal likely conflicts between environmental objectives. It is not yet clear how to implement such a combined analysis. Therefore, the aim is to develop an orientation framework that integrates the mass and energy perspective of recycling in the construction industry. The paper presents differences and specific particularities of building product groups and answers the following question: What is the energy expenditure associated with the sorting and processing of construction and demolition waste and what is a suitable basis for comparing the various options for the use of recycling materials?
Choice of Sustainable and Durable Concrete Structure Using LCA
Authors: Horáková A , Broukalová I , Kohoutková A
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a new perspective on the issues of life cycle assessment (LCA) and durability analysis of structures. In the case study, a comparative analysis of three variants of the chosen structure was performed. Subsequently the durability of all variants was assessed. The structural solutions were modified to achieve a targeted life cycle for all variants. Modified structures were evaluated in LCA. The study points to the fact that orthodox compliance with code prescriptions can lead to an uneconomical and unsustainable solution and suggests an approach where the design of the structure is adjusted for the required service life.
Integration of Seismic Risk into Energy Retrofit Optimization Procedures: A Possible Approach Based on Life Cycle Evaluation
Authors: Menna C , Vitiello U , Mauro GM , Asprone D , Bianco N , Prota A
Published: June 2019

Most of the retrofit processes applied to existing buildings are frequently targeted at reducing energy consumption over the building lifetime, neglecting possible interactions with other sources of uncertainty. On the contrary, recent Italian earthquakes highlighted the need to couple energy aspects with structural retrofit design to avoid tragic consequences and optimize, at the same time, the rational use of environmental and economic resources. The interaction between the two aspects has been rarely managed following design codes due to the absence of methodological frameworks. Motivated by these considerations, the study aims to integrate energy and structural aspects related to seismic risk in a life cycle-based decision-making framework for the retrofit design of existing buildings. As a case study, the methodology is applied to a three-storey RC building assumed to be located in different Italian sites. These are characterized by different climatic conditions and seismicity levels.
Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling Processes for Demolition Waste
Authors: Pešta J , Pavlů T , Kočí V
Published: June 2019

This contribution is aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of recycling construction and demolition waste with the use of Life Cycle Assessment. In the first step, the LCA was used as an analytical tool for the comparison of recycled aggregates production. Recycled aggregates were produced from brick and concrete waste. Chosen functional unit for the comparison was 1 ton of recycled aggregate (RA). The results show that concrete aggregate production has a higher impact on Climate Change category (1,51 kg CO2 eq.) than brick aggregate production (1,18 kg CO2 eq.). Then, in the second step, new concrete mixtures made of recycled aggregates were compared. Functional unit was 1 m3 of concrete. Environmental impacts of concrete mixtures were compared with reference concrete mixture. These compared concretes are classified as C20/25 according to CSN EN 206 + A1. Mixtures with concrete RA have a higher environmental impact than mixtures which were made of brick RA. GaBi Software ts for data processing was used. Environmental impacts assessment according to the ReCiPe method characterization, version 1.08 was used.
The Influence of Building Materials on Relative Humidity of Internal Microclimate
Authors: Růžička J , Diviš J
Published: June 2019

Sustainable building covers wide range of criteria including environmental, social and economy issues. Relative humidity of the internal environment belongs to the group of social criteria dealing with the quality of indoor microclimate and is one of the important indicators. Low humidity level can cause dry skin, throats and nasal passages and can cause annoying static electric sparks. High humidity level can lead to growth of moulds and bacteria and can cause condensation problems on the cold surfaces. Appropriate level of relative humidity can be operate by building service systems which increases operating energy in buildings and is sensitive to correct set up, control and monitoring. Relative humidity can be also influenced by the choice of building structures and structural materials without any operating energy. The paper summarizes latest research on the influence of relative humidity on health hazards and influence of building structures and structural materials on the relative humidity.
Innovative Thermal Insulation Products for a Circular Economy
Authors: Vasile V , Petcu C , Meiţă V , Zaharia M C
Published: June 2019

The depletion of non-renewable resources is followed by severe ecological and social impacts, and the heavily usage of raw, virgin resources leaves significant, long lasting footprints. In order to move into a more sustainable economic system, a recently more frequently discussed approach for overcoming the current linearity of product lifecycles is the concept of circular economy (CE). The transition to a more circular economy, where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained and circulated (by recycling activities) in the economy for as long as possible, is an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy. In this context, ecological solutions consisting of materials which helps carbon sequestration and necessitates small amounts of energy for production are becoming increasingly popular from buildings construction point of view, namely: the raw material is cheap and in large quantities; have low thermal conductivity; are from a renewable source. The paper presents an analysis of some innovative thermal insulating products made from renewable or recycled resources (recycled plastics, low quality wool, straw, cellulose), their thermal conductivities over a temperature interval and acoustics coefficients (αs, αw), the purpose being to inform the market in order to increase the present level of technical knowledge and to facilitate the implementation of high energy efficiency buildings with products from recycled materials or using industrial by-products.
Development of LCAbyg: A National Life Cycle Assessment Tool for Buildings in Denmark
Authors: Birgisdottir H , Rasmussen F N
Published: June 2019

In the autumn of 2014, the Danish government presented a national strategy for the building sector. Sustainability was mentioned as one of five focus areas for the future political work within the sector. Subsequently, the development of a national Life Cycle Assessment tool for buildings was initiated, and the first version of LCAbyg was launched in 2015. The primary goal behind the development of LCAbyg has been, with judicious, intuitive and transparent visualization of LCA results, to increase building designer’s awareness of the life cycle impacts of buildings, and to understand where, in the building life cycle, reductions of environmental impacts can be achieved. This paper describes the principles of the LCA tool in terms of the required input data for the building assessment, the calculation methods within the model and how the LCA results are presented to the user. The paper furthermore demonstrates how the tool enables the user to perform comparisons of different construction solutions and material uses, and elaborates on how the predefined visualization of results qualifies the designer to identify hotspots and to understand and mitigate the major impacts throughout the building’s life cycle.
The Influence of Technology Performance Durability in the Cost-Optimal Analysis of a ZEB
Authors: Danza L , Bellazzi A , Devitofrancesco A , Guazzi G
Published: June 2019

The high number of existing buildings needing refurbishment actions justifies the need of a methodology that considers its service life after the refurbishment process. Cost-effectiveness assessment of refurbishment scenarios in building design is a crucial phase in the decision-making process towards a ZEB realization. Energy renovations involve an important investment, whose amount increases considerably when a ZEB target is fixed. When cost-optimal methodology is applied to different refurbishment scenarios, the costs evaluated take into consideration not only the initial investment cost, but also the running costs over the years and the payback time of the adopted solutions. Nevertheless, technologies hypothesized in the scenarios undergo a process of performance decay taking place since the first year of buildings’ operations. The thin balance between needs and energy supply of a ZEB may be broken by deteriorating the energy performance of the whole building. Consequently, the running costs can increase significantly over the years and also the payback time, calculated over the annual costs of the building. The goal of this paper is to apply a cost-optimal assessment on a reference building, comparing the results of simulations with durability approach and those that do not consider the performance decay.
Hands-On: Sustainable Approach in Architectural Education
Authors: Hlaváček D , Čeněk M
Published: June 2019

Human activity, including resource depletion, pollution and waste production, has a negative influence on the natural environment. Building industry is one of the major causes of the situation. It is therefore essential to change the approach to building design in order to lessen the impact of human activity on the environment. Architects are still not properly prepared for this change. This is caused by the education they receive in the traditional studio-based teaching process. In contrast to engineering disciplines, the student of architecture is able to look at the issue of designing in a holistic way. However, he is overwhelmed by a large number of topics and subjects that must be addressed. The issue of "sustainability" thus often gets on the edge of his interest. As part of the studio teaching at the Faculty of Architecture of CTU, we are looking for methods to naturally integrate sustainable thinking into the architectural concept already in the early stages of the design. The paper focuses on the so-called design-build projects, as one of the paths that lead to an integral design and an effective way of implementing sustainable design into the architectural concept.
Concrete, Sustainability and Limit States
Authors: Hrabová K , Teplý B , Hájek P
Published: June 2019

Efficient sustainability management of concrete structures requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified. The present contribution, apart from discussing the issue of sustainability of concrete structures, focuses on the quantification of concrete resistance to degradation. An indicator expressing quality, with regard to sustainability, is determined using information on concrete performance characteristics, service life and eco-costs, enabling the quantification and comparison of various cases. Cradle-to-gate system boundary and the full probability method are used. The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making about the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider sustainability perspective, as an extensional and integrating approach to evaluating load-bearing capacity and durability. Two case studies of probabilistic sustainability quantification are shown using sustainability potential indicators for two different definitions of service life (due to carbonation of concrete and freeze/thaw effects), considering also the concrete performance’s and impact on the environment.
Smart BIM-AM Journey to Green Buildings
Authors: Lee C K , Chan H Y S , Poon C Y C , Yip K M G , Yuen P H F
Published: June 2019

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been widely adopted for buildings design and construction to facilitate coordination works, however, there are a few studies of its application in the long lifecycle of buildings operation and maintenance (O&M). An integrated BIM – Asset Management (BIM-AM) System which enables visual cross-reference from real-world objects to BIM model and even to their maintenance record, O&M manuals, asset relationships, live views of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system, real-time data from Building Management System (BMS) and wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensors as well as location information from a Real Time Location System (RTLS) on one single integrated mobile platform with the aid of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) scanning technology has been developed. While the BIM-AM System has been proven its novelty, originality, capability and potential towards smart O&M by the patent granted in 2017, BIM can be further developed in green building aspects with the application of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Different sets of boundary conditions, including supply air temperature, supply air flow, number of people and so on, were simulated for comfort level. A predictive model was formulated to achieve an intelligent control of air-conditioning system, including supply air temperature reset and adjustment of supply and/or fresh air flow, with the balance of human comfort.
A Life-Cycle Approach to Building Energy Retrofitting: Bio-Based Technologies for Sustainable Urban Regeneration
Authors: Pittau F , Habert G , Iannaccone G
Published: June 2019

The construction sector and, more specifically, the building renovation sector plays a decisive role in the achievement of the EU targets for the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The main strategies implemented by the EU are aimed, on one side, at increasing the number of buildings to be renovated and, on the other, at promoting deep renovation on the existing stock. The main objective is to drastically reduce the CO2 emissions associated with the energy consumption of buildings during their operation in consideration of the decarbonization targets by 2050. Several studies have shown that around 75% of the EU building stock needs energy retrofitting, and a significant amount of thermal insulation is expected to be installed on the building envelopes in order to decrease the energy losses. The carbon emission for the production of materials and construction might slow down the transition to a low carbon society and significantly reduce the carbon budget available by 2050. In this perspective, the paper shows the results of some recent research activities aimed at identifying alternative approaches based on the use of biogenic materials applied to the building envelope retrofitting. On one side, they meet the energy and CO2 targets established by the EU while promoting, on the other one, sustainable regeneration processes that include, among the others, the storage of CO2 in building elements and the efficient land use. A specific calculation tool, based on a dynamic LCA method, is introduced to holistically quantify the environmental benefits expected over time.
The Influence of Energy Performance Certification the Market Value of Residential Buildings
Authors: Tagliabue L C , Cecconi F Re , Moretti N , Dejaco M C
Published: June 2019

The market value of the physical assets over the time varies as a function of different factors related, for instance, to the correct execution of buildings and systems; the conformity with procedures defined for the use phase of the systems; the implementation of maintenance plan, defined in order to maintain the building and its parts in good conditions. Nevertheless, there is not a clear evidence of how the market value is affected by the energy performance measured by the Energy Performance Certification in Italy. The aim of this research concerns the definition of an assessment methodology of the impact of the energy performance on the market value of assets. The methodology has been developed and tested in a case study on the city of Milan, Italy. At first, an investigation of homogeneous income areas has been carried out, afterwards an analysis of the market values of assets has been done. The results have been integrated in a Geographic Information System and gaps in the market values have been associated to the energy performance. Despite the methodology has still to be refined, it has been demonstrated its validity. To conclude, further parameters representing the energy performance of the buildings could be encompassed in the assessment, in order to achieve a more precise energy profile of the building under analysis.
Window Design Strategies for Environmentally Friendly and Energy Efficient Patient Rooms: A Case Study in the Belgian Context
Authors: Eisazadeh N , Allacker K , De Troyer F
Published: June 2019

With the increasing awareness of sustainable design “operational energy use”, “life cycle environmental impact” and “comfort” are becoming key considerations for design decisions. These three aspects are usually not explored in an integrated way in the early design stage. During this stage however, most far-reaching design decisions are made and the greatest potential to achieve sustainable building designs in a cost-efficient way exists. Hence energy efficiency, environmental performance and comfort should be considered as a fundamental part of early design stage decisions. This paper investigates the influence of various patient room design options on the energy cost, life cycle environmental impact and daylighting. The design parameters investigated are the room geometry, type of glazing and WWR (Window-to-Wall Ratio). The analysis is performed for a case study in Belgium, more specifically a patient room in a hospital design. The existing design is taken as a baseline scenario and via parametric analysis, the influence of alternative design strategies is analysed. Based on the comparative analysis, the paper discusses potential design strategies that allow for energy efficient and environmentally-friendly patient rooms that fulfil comfort requirements for patients.
Implications of Model Complexity for the Simulated Thermal Behavior of a Casement Window
Authors: Khosravi S N , Šikula O , Pont U , Mahdavi A
Published: June 2019

Windows have been a subject of interest for research in building industry due to their multifaceted and significant implications for indoor environmental quality and energy use. In this context, the present contribution explores the retrofit opportunity toward retrofit of casement windows via application of vacuum glazing. The first scenario included conductive and convective heat transfer processes. The second, more detailed scenario took, in addition, the effects of (long-wave) radiation phenomena into account. The main objective of the present contribution is thus to contrast the results obtained from primarily conductive and convective computations with those that involve a detailed coupled conductive, convective, and radiation simulation. The study benefits from a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model to evaluate the airflow patterns (temperature and velocity) within the window’s interstitial space by assuming isothermal boundary conditions. Based on simulation results, the thermal performance of the retrofitted casement window (with vacuum glass applied as external pane) can be compared to the conventional construction. Thus, benefits in terms of reduced energy use and surface condensation risk can be documented.
Environmental Benefits of Timber-Concrete Prefabricated Construction System for Apartment Buildings – a Simplified Comparative LCA Study
Authors: Ryklová P , Mančík Š , Lupíšek A
Published: June 2019

The aim of a research project TiCo (Timber Concrete) is to create a standardized flexible construction system for multifamily apartment buildings for central European climatic conditions with low environmental impact. It exploits advantages of advanced prefabrication and favourable material properties of its main elements. Prefabricated structural system was designed using concrete frame with thin columns and lightweight ceilings with reinforcing core. Façades and interior partition walls were designed from prefabricated timber frame panels. The paper presents a simplified comparative LCA study of the designed TiCo building system and conventional building solutions. The compared variants had the same key parameters – load bearing capacity and heat transfer coefficients of building’s envelope. The analyses include load-bearing structures, façade, partition walls, foundations and roof. The others like HVAC systems, floors, doors, windows or tin work were not included. A simplified comparative LCA is based on procedure described in method SBToolCZ, which evaluates the quality of buildings in terms of sustainability. The assessment covered embodied environmental impacts of the construction system structures with their replacement based of their service lives. Prefabricated concrete frame structure with timber envelope was found environmentally friendlier compared to conventional solutions. The combination of the concrete load-bearing structure and lightweight timber frame panels that benefits from favourable characteristics of both materials for the given purpose appropriately used in the construction appeared to be an efficient way of minimizing building’s environmental impact.
Attractiveness of Using Photovoltaic Panels in a Building Connected to a Mainly Renewable Electricity Grid
Authors: Saade M R M , da Silva M G , Gomes V
Published: June 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) panels contribute to overall building’s loads, but generally have their impacts offset at the operational stage. For increasingly renewable electricity grids, PV’s contribution to lowering non-renewable energy becomes less significant. This paper aims at investigating the non-renewable cumulative energy demand (CEDnren) and global warming potential (GWP) payback times associated to onsite PV generation in the highly renewable Brazilian grid, considering a 50-year building service life. Operational energy consumption was simulated in Energy Plus. CEDnren and GWP were calculated through the CED method and CML-IA, respectively. SimaPro 7.3 and Ecoinvent 2.2 supported performed LCAs. Different PV settings were analyzed to rank the most effective technological options. Amorphous and single-Si panels performed worst (around 17 years of non-renewable CED payback time, whilst for GWP the payback time was much shorter for all technologies). PV’s production and replacement loads played a significant role, therefore technological investments to increase panels’ durability and improve manufacturing efficiency could ensure its attractiveness.
Environmental Assessment of Latent Heat Storage Technology
Authors: Struhala K , Ostrý M , Bantová S
Published: June 2019

The potential for the use of renewable energy sources in heating or cooling systems increases with the possibility to store heat or cold when they are available. Latent heat storage (LHS) technology using phase change materials (PCMs) has significantly higher storage density compared to sensible heat storage. The solid-liquid phase change of PCMs with appropriate phase change temperature is preferred for building applications. In practice, there is often a lack of credible information about properties of LHS materials and their environmental impacts. Most of the common methods for evaluation of environmental impacts are based on Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles. LCA is developed for several decades already. It can be used for evaluation of any product system. In this paper it is used for evaluation of environmental aspects of LHS technology, specifically selected heat storage materials.
Reducing Energy Consumption for Air-Conditioning by Commissioning and Optimized System Operation
Authors: Šimek J , Lain M , Hensen J L M
Published: June 2019

The contribution of buildings towards energy consumption has dramatically increased over the past decade. According to the EC’s Joint Research Centre, HVAC systems in Europe were estimated to account for approximately 11% of electricity consumed in Europe [1] and with associated CO2 emissions highly contribute to global climate change. This paper deals with the electricity consumption of air-conditioning systems in buildings in the Czech Republic. The paper presents results of actual measurements in 15 mostly office buildings over a 5 year period. The extensive analysis of measured data is presented in graphs and tables. A considerable difference in the electricity consumptions for cooling between the various administrative buildings is identified. The advanced commissioning of air-conditioning systems and its general application in the Czech buildings is presented in the paper as well. Energy consumption measurements, proper operation and application of advanced commissioning are identified as important methods tool to reduce energy consumption of air-conditioning systems in existing buildings.
Renewable Energy Supply for Remote Station Located in Antarctica – Simulations Based on Real Measured Data
Authors: Kichou S , Wolf P , Kapler P
Published: June 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) installation with energy control and energy storage systems (ESS) are becoming more popular to be used inside buildings. They can assure stable energy supply as well as energy savings. A proper system design is necessary to ensure optimal energy supply and cost savings. The present work describes current energy demands and sources of Johann Gregor Mendel Station operated by Masaryk University in Brno and suggests a new generation sources based on PV. The energy for the station is being provided by oil generators, PV system and wind turbines. Since the beginning of 2018 a new system for measuring detailed energy demand, irradiation and wind speed has been installed in that location. Thus, based on the in-site collected data, possible system sizes are suggested in order to make the station fully operating by means of renewable energy sources.
Retro-Commissioning – Effective Energy Conservation Initiatives in Existing Buildings
Authors: Kong K W , Lam K W , Chan C , Sat P
Published: June 2019

Hong Kong is a densely populated metropolitan city crowded with more than 7 million people. of the 42,000 buildings in Hong Kong, more than half (55%) of Hong Kong’s total annual energy end-use is in the form of electricity consumption and buildings take up about 90% of our total electricity consumption. Thus, energy saving in buildings is a key factor of addressing climate change and associated environmental issues of Hong Kong. In January 2017, the Environment Bureau of Hong Kong Special Administration Region Government (HKSARG) published “Hong Kong’s Climate Action Plan 2030+” which set target to reduce our carbon intensity by 65-70% by 2030 compared with the 2005 level. With this ambitious vision, the whole community have to further endeavour to achieve energy conservation with concrete supporting measures. Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) of HKSARG is actively pursuing the cost-effective program of “Retro-commissioning (RCx)”, new energy saving initiative, to further encourage energy conservation works in existing buildings. RCx is a cost-effective and systematic process to periodically check the energy efficiency performance of existing building. EMSD has carried out numbers of pilot projects on both government and private buildings with Hong Kong Green Building Council (HKGBC); launched the “Technical Guidelines on Retro-commissioning [TG(RCx)]”; led and co-organized with different stakeholders on showcasing the government-industry collaboration and promoting effort of RCx training for the industry. The paper will introduce the framework and technical approach of TG(RCx), share the latest development and implementation programme of RCx in Hong Kong.
Identification of Characteristic Heat Load Profiles of Different Usage Units in Non-Residential Buildings
Authors: Matschi C , Vogt G , Nemeth I
Published: June 2019

For energy-efficient design of district heating networks and their components, knowledge about load profiles and the peak simultaneity are of crucial importance. Heating load profiles are needed in high temporal and spatial resolution as well as information about their composition. Due to high computational and temporal effort for transient calculations of a whole district heating network a less complex method is needed. For this reason different areas of use of non-residential buildings are analyzed separately to identify their characteristical variations and main influences on their individual load profiles to finally superpose their load profile in one overall building/district heat load profile. In a first step similar use areas in four buildings are calculated transiently and the deviation of the results were analyzed. Additionally, the building age and the associated structural-physical parameters are varied to get results for different building age classes. In a second step the profiles are superposed up to the district scale by using the area as scale factor. The gained district heat load profile is compared to time series of the observed consumption in order to assess the reliability of the method. The first results show promising conformity of modelled and measured energy demand. So the method will be applied to several buildings with varying structural-physical parameters and geometries.
Experimental Verification of Indirect Adiabatic Cooling by Ventilation Air
Authors: Nehasil O , Adamovský D
Published: June 2019

Current efforts to reduce the energy consumption of buildings leads to savings in all categories of their operation. A traditional energy saving tool is low-energy cooling, based on the alternation of day/night temperatures, cold storage, or the use of high-temperature cold sources such as Earth’s semi-solid or groundwater. This paper deals with the less widespread method for cooling buildings, based on latent heat removal for converting water to vapour.

Within three years, approximately 150 operating states were measured for different temperatures and airflows and various types and numbers of humidifiers, as well as nozzle pressures and types of heat exchangers. The paper outlines the results of these experiments and shows the available cooling capacity coupled to the ventilation air. The fact is that cooling power increases with increasing outdoor temperature, which makes indirect evaporative cooling an interesting method of providing cold during the times when it is under greatest demand.
A Zero Energy House for and by Frank Gehry
Authors: Schuler M , Dvořáková K , Malík Z
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an energy concept of set of two residential buildings: a main house and a guest house in Santa Monica, California of total floor area of 836 m2 The aim of this concept was to create a built environment with high comfort for users and the lowest possible impact on the environment. The architect and owner of the project Frank Gehry (88), see this as his statement in the discussion on sustainability. A site potential analysis has been performed, which then led to the proposal of optimal systems. For the energy supply a PV, highly efficient reversible heat pump/chiller with heat source/surplus heat sink by closed loop geothermal system as well as evacuated tube thermal collectors have been proposed. To increase internal comfort, movable ventilated internal shades, a wind driven solar chimney supported cross ventilation and an air quality controlled natural ventilation, or a radiant floor conditioning with high cooling and low heating temperatures are used. The concept also includes an individual zone adjustment possibility by gravity wall systems. To optimize the whole system, a set of simulations and mock-up tests has been carried out. The results are then compared in this paper with the measurement results from the occupied building operation and further optimization possibilities are presented.
Ecosystem Services Assessment Methods for Integrated Processes of Urban Planning. The Experience of LIFE SAM4CP Towards Sustainable and Smart Communities
Authors: Giaimo C , Salata S
Published: June 2019

Evaluation of Ecosystem Services (ES) supports the knowledge and the ability of politicians, administrators, planners and stakeholders to define urban regeneration strategies rather than sustainable spatial planning and design practices responding to climate change conditions and addressing the wellbeing of local communities. The analysis of ES allows for the study of the relationship between urban morphology and land cover/land use to define priorities that maximize the ability of urban systems to deliver multiple benefits (e.g.to store carbon and improve air quality).The recent research innovations made by DIST – Politecnico di Torino for LIFE + Program SAM4CP (2014-2018), moves towards the implementation of a theoretical and practical framework that integrates the process of planning and decision making with the analysis and assessments of ES. The framework has been conceived to support Municipalities to settle policies and monitoring procedures oriented at defining Nature-Based solutions (e.g. restoration strategies) assuming an urban ecology perspective. The project aims at providing a digital tool – a Simulator delivered to Local authorities – to evaluate the ES assessment in different land use scenarios to determine the environmental and economic costs, or benefits, that arise from alternative planning configurations. The evaluation of ES in a case of study area shows that the effective integration of ES evaluation and planning actions is a straightforward method that create awareness and increase the sustainability during decision-making phases for the planning process. The Simulator is available for free on the project website – www.sam4cp.eu – to allow administrators and public officials, as well as spatial planners, interested in such a kind of evaluation, to experiment and apply this methodology.
Study on Spatial Evolution of Chinese Green Building
Authors: Hao T , Wang J
Published: June 2019

Green building is an important part of ecological civilization construction in China, which is also a significant reflection of national developing under a new type of urbanization [1]. Since 2006, the number and total gross floor area of green building has achieved major development with the promulgation and implement of national and local standards and promotions of green building. However, this rapid development shows an obvious regional difference and imbalance. This paper conducts a quantitative study by using geospatial statistics theory and geographic information system technique. It aims to explore characteristics and the driven factor of green buildings’ spatial evolution so that the development level of green building could be evaluated based on much more scientific and reasonable method. It also aims at providing theory supporting as well as reference for policy making to stimulate green building development in a more balanced way.
Communities Shaping Sustainable Cities
Authors: Hořická J
Published: June 2019

The contribution introduces significance of local communities in global context of sustainable urban development. Since last decades, urban regeneration, redevelopment and improvements of stabilized localities has become the subject of attention, as the limits of land use and urban expansion has been understood and generally accepted. Recently, the role of community and citizens has been emphasized in international strategies, for instance UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (2015) or UNESCO Strategic Objectives of the World Heritage Convention, so called Five C’s (the fifth C representing Community added in 2007). Bottom-up initiatives and community activities have become important in urban revitalization and regeneration. The contribution aims to describe the activities and roles of various stakeholders, based on analysis of application project in Prague, Czech Republic inspired with a project in Basel, Switzerland, and characteristics of the evolution process heading towards community activation, which is important for the integrated planning processes, involving an interdisciplinary team and active public participation.