bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio retrospectivo de queratoplastias realizadas en un hospital público de Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Torres Federico
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Describir características de los trasplantes de córnea realizados en un hospital público de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se revisaron los casos de pacientes con trasplante de córnea realizados en el Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, de Montevideo (Uruguay), entre julio 2018 y mayo 2022 inclusive. En cada caso se registraron las indicaciones para la cirugía, el tiempo de espera para la queratoplastia desde el momento del diagnóstico y el tipo de técnica realizada.
Resultados: Se encontraron 56 queratoplastias penetrantes realizadas. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 58 ± 19,63 años (15-83) donde el 61% estaba integrado por hombres. En relación al motivo, 29 casos (51,8%) se realizaron con un fin óptico y 27 (48,2%) con un fin terapéutico/tectónico por urgencias. En relación a la etiología de procedimientos con finalidad óptica, el 37,9% fue por queratocono, 27,6% por queratitis herpética, 10,3% posmicrobiana (excluyendo virales), queratopatía bullosa pseudofáquica en el 6,9%, retrasplante 6,9% y a causa de leucoma corneal de etiología incierta, el 6,9%. El 43,9% estaba constituido por pacientes de Montevideo y el 56,1% procedente de otros puntos de Uruguay. El tiempo medio de espera hasta la cirugía fue de 26,6 ± 13,78 meses (6-55) para los trasplantes con finalidad óptica.
Conclusión: De la totalidad de los procedimientos, casi la mitad fueron tectónicos, ocasionados principalmente por infecciones. El tiempo de espera para los procedimientos con finalidad óptica fue ligeramente superior a los 2 años.
Técnica SLET en la úlcera neurotrófica causada por hidroquinona con ácido glicólico debido a un error de dispensación farmacéutica
Authors: Gancedo Julieta , Pagano Gabriela , Oliva-Gómez Centurión María I. , Diaz-Herrera Leandro Emanuel
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: La técnica denominada “trasplante simple de epitelio limbal” (SLET, por sus siglas en inglés) es de utilidad para tratar la superficie ocular severamente dañada. Nuestro propósito es presentar el estudio de un caso donde esto ocurrió de forma secundaria a la inadecuada dispensación de un fármaco por parte de la farmacia.
Informe de caso: Una mujer de 82 años consultó por mostrar Herpes zoster oftálmico y sufrió una grave lesión química de la superficie ocular secundaria a un error en la expedición del medicamento por parte del farmacéutico al darle hidroquinona con ácido glicólico (Neoquin) en lugar del tratamiento adecuado prescrito por su médico: ganciclovir (Neagel). Tras dos injertos de membrana amniótica y la posterior reinserción de la tira tarsal más los retractores, se realizó el procedimiento quirúrgico conocido como SLET para la reconstrucción de la superficie ocular gravemente afectada. Antes de las dos semanas se observó la completa epitelización y al año su superficie ocular se mantuvo estable.
Conclusión: La técnica de SLET fue eficaz para tratar la superficie ocular afectada por un daño químico ocasionado por un error en la dispensación de un medicamento por parte de la farmacia.
Effectiveness of Ethnomathematics-Based Learning Media on Students' Understanding of Geometry Material Concepts in Grade IV
Authors: Utami Nurul Fitria , Irawati Ratna Kartika
Published: November 2024

The mismatch between what students receive at school and outside school causes the majority of elementary school students to find mathematics difficult to understand. This research aims to determine differences in understanding of the concept of geometry material between classes that use ethnomathematics-based learning media and classes that do not use learning media as usual. This research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. The location of this research is at MI Al-Fitrah Tamiang Layang, Central Kalimantan. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling where all members of the population are used as research samples. Data collection techniques through test, observation and documentation. There are 2 data analysis techniques used, namely descriptive statistical analysis and statistical analysis. The findings show that the independents sample t-test with t count of 3.028 and a significance of 0.004 shows that H 0 is rejected and h a is accepted, which means there is a significant difference in understanding the concept of geometric materials between classes that use ethnomathematics-based learning media and those that do not use learning media. Apart from that, the average score for classes that use ethnomathematics-based learning media is higher than classes that do not use learning media, so it can be concluded that the use of ethnomathematics-based learning media is effective in learning mathematics, geometry material.
Late Pre-Contact Construction and Use of an ‘Archaic’ Shrine at the Pālehua Complex (Honouliuli District, O‘ahu Island, Hawai‘i)
Authors: Swift Jillian A. , Kirch Patrick V. , Baer Alexander , Huebert Jennifer , Gill Timothy M.
Published: November 2024

The Pālehua enclosure in upland Honouliuli (O‘ahu Island, Hawai‘i) is a celestially-significant ritual structure believed to be associated with the annual Makahiki harvest period. Near the enclosure is an alignment of six basalt uprights typical of simple Central East Polynesian marae (temples), and early ‘shrine’ sites found in other geographically isolated regions of the Hawaiian archipelago. Here, we report on the first excavation of this shrine along with continued excavations at the Pālehua enclosure. A Bayesian chronological model combining 14 new AMS radiocarbon dates from the shrine and the enclosure with six dates from previous excavations indicates that both the Pālehua shrine and the adjacent enclosure were constructed in the mid-17th century and continued to be used until at least the early 19th century. Our model indicates that the shrine site was constructed significantly later than similar structures elsewhere in the archipelago. This suggests that simple marae-like shrines persisted alongside the development of monumental architecture used for ceremonial purposes, rather than being replaced later in time by more elaborate forms. These results have implications not only for site activity at Pālehua, but also for chronologies of ceremonial architecture and religious practices across the Hawaiian archipelago.
The long-term history of Teti'aroa (Society Islands, French Polynesia): New archaeological and ethnohistorical investigations
Authors: Molle Guillaume , Hermann Aymeric , Lagarde Louis , Stoll Benoit
Published: November 2024

Teti'aroa is the only atoll in the Windward group of the Society Islands, French Polynesia. It has been described in the ethnohistorical record as a secondary place of residence for the Tahitian royal family of Pare in the 18th Century. However, Teti'aroa’s history beyond this remains relatively unknown as the atoll is archaeologically understudied. Here we report the preliminary results of a project, started in 2015, which aims at documenting the long-term occupation of Teti'aroa. We present the survey and mapping of the archaeological remains and discuss the monumental architecture, the relationships with neighbouring and distant communities, and investigations of the historical copra plantation.
Hinterlands, Heartlands and History: dynamic landscapes in New Zealand archaeology
Authors: Greig Karen , Walter Richard
Published: November 2024

Core-periphery models have been widely used in archaeology. The core implies centrality and richness; the periphery encompasses ideas of distance, disconnection, marginality, and challenge. The approach is most useful in urban studies but less appropriate in societies with less well defined social and economic hierarchies, and few technological or economic dissimilarities such as pre-contact Aotearoa. In this study we explore the usefulness of the concept of hinterland to understand Aotearoa history and show how trajectories of change occurred across the entire social landscape. High mobility, low population density and extreme environmental and climatic diversity shaped circumstances where heartland-hinterland dichotomies were fluid and easily subverted. Working at different scales, we show how places transitioned across the heartland-hinterland continuum in response to socio-cultural, historical, economic and environmental processes. In New Zealand heartland-hinterland relationships were temporally dynamic and contingent rather than emerging from fixed principles of geographic resource distribution and accessibility. This is usefully modelled as raindrops on a pond.
Visual and geochemical characterisation of Late Cretaceous-Eocene cherts from eastern New Zealand: a preliminary study
Authors: Moore Phil
Published: November 2024

Sedimentary chert from the eastern North Island and Marlborough region of the South Island, New Zealand (collectively referred to here as the Eastern Chert Province, ECP), was utilised by indigenous Maori communities from the 14th to 18th century. The chert is associated with Late Cretaceous-Paleocene siliceous shale of the Whangai Formation (Whangai chert) in the North Island, and the Late Cretaceous-Eocene Mead Hill Formation and overlying Amuri Limestone in Marlborough (Kaikoura chert). There is also an isolated occurrence at Tora, in south-eastern Wairarapa (Tora chert). Visual/petrographic attributes of these chert types are very similar, though some samples from Marlborough are calcareous and contain dolomite rhombs. Chemical analysis of 59 geological samples, by wavelength-dispersive XRF and portable XRF (pXRF), shows that the Whangai and Kaikoura cherts can be largely differentiated on the basis of Zr, Sr and Rb concentrations, but that the Tora chert is chemically indistinguishable from the Whangai chert. A separate group is recognised within the Kaikoura chert, characterised by higher Sr, Ca and Ba values, but there seems to be limited potential for the identification of specific sources within the ECP.
Entangled Histories
Authors: Howes Hilary
Published: November 2024

The discipline of ethnology, now more commonly known as social and cultural anthropology, developed from a variety of research fields. Although the establishment of ‘four-field anthropology’ is generally attributed to Franz Boas in 1904, it was already common in the second half of the nineteenth century for traveller-naturalists, missionaries and colonial authorities who were actively involved in ethnology to engage in other disciplines at the same time, notably physical anthropology, archaeology and linguistics. Often their findings in one discipline coloured their conclusions in another; for example, the belief that a particular population or ‘race’ was ‘primitive’ on account of physical or cultural characteristics could influence which theories about the prehistory of that population or ‘race’ were considered plausible and which were dismissed as impossible. This paper examines three German-speaking researchers – Jan Kubary, Otto Finsch, and Paul Hambruch – who, at different points in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, engaged with the prehistory of Nan Madol, a monumental stone complex and ceremonial centre of eastern Micronesia, and reached quite different conclusions. These three case studies demonstrate how closely the history of ethnology in the Pacific is intertwined with the histories of archaeology and physical anthropology.
Death on the Goldfields
Authors: Petchey Peter , Buckley Hallie , Wong Les , King Charlotte , Snoddy Anne Marie E
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavations at the Drybread Cemetery in Central Otago, New Zealand. The excavations were the third phase of a bioarchaeological research programme into the lives of early colonial-era settlers in Otago, following investigations at St. Johns Cemetery in Milton and the Adrossan and Gabriel Street cemeteries in Lawrence. The Drybread excavation investigated 13 graves, 10 of which contained human remains, and five of these individuals were Chinese. This paper describes the site history, the archaeological investigations and the preliminary results including the basic details of the individuals and their funerary traditions.
A Critique of the ‘AD 1300 Event’, with Particular Reference to Palau
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M.
Published: November 2024

In several recent publications, scholars have postulated that a widespread climatic change, termed the 'AD 1300 event,' caused massive social disruption in the Pacific Basin, including resource depletion, increased conflict and cannibalism, the establishment of fortified settlements, changing settlement (coastal to inland) patterns, and an end to ocean voyaging. Although the role of the environment in influencing social behaviour is certainly an avenue of research that should be explored, this environmentally deterministic model is not supported by empirical findings. Palau, used as one of the examples to support the model, is considered here to show that there is in fact a great deal of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence suggesting the inverse of the proposed model.
A Revision of New Caledonia’s Ceramic Sequence
Authors: Sand Christophe , Bolé Jacques , Ouetcho Andre
Published: November 2024

The terminology presently used for the prehistoric ceramic chronology in the archipelago of New Caledonia in southern Melanesia was defined by J.C. Galipaud in the late 1980s. Divided into two periods named Koné and Naïa-Oundjo, each characterised by different pottery traditions, the terminology of this chronology has been a useful research tool for the last two decades. But renewed excavations at numerous sites, as well as a wide program of dating conducted since the early 1990s by the local Department of Archaeology, show that a number of changes to the characteristics and chronological boundaries of the archipelago’s varied ceramic traditions are now required. This paper proposes a synthesis of these recent studies, highlighting major typological and geographical shifts in the nearly 3000 years of ceramic history in Southern Melanesia. Questions concerning the first appearance of ceramics, the persistence of the Lapita series, the transformations of post-Lapita traditions, the first clear definition of the ‘Balabio tradition’ and the diversification of late ceramic traditions will be raised as a revised chronology is detailed. This leads to a proposed new nomenclature, defining four different ceramic periods for New Caledonia.
Recent Recoveries of Archaeological Ceramics on Santa Isabel, Central Solomon Islands
Authors: Carter Melissa Jane , Roe David , Keopo John
Published: November 2024

Recent field investigations on Santa Isabel (Isabel) in the Central Solomon Islands have revealed the presence of archaeological pottery in both terrestrial and intertidal contexts. Preliminary dating results and comparative stylistic analyses of sherds provide evidence to suggest an antiquity of ceramics in northwest (NW) Isabel spanning the late Holocene to the recent historic past. These research outcomes expand the known distribution of pottery within the Solomon Islands and provide new knowledge about the prehistory of Santa Isabel. Here we describe the Santa Isabel ceramics, and suggest several implications of the research for current settlement models of the Solomon Islands and for our understanding of the variability in the archaeological record of mid- to late-Holocene ceramic distribution throughout the region.
Residential Landscapes and House Societies of the Late Prehistoric Society Islands
Authors: Kahn Jennifer G. , Kirch Patrick V.
Published: November 2024

We extend the ‘house society’ perspective to one of the most complex Eastern Polynesian chiefdoms, the Society Islands. Employing a landscape approach, we argue that competing elites used the flexibility of the ‘house society’ structure and its landed estates to promulgate and manipulate status differences. Our study documents how the social hierarchy and its ideological underpinnings were materialized in archaeologically visible ways, including investments in residential landscapes, site proxemics, and construction sequences. While communal investments in the landed material estate were staged over a few centuries, investments in the house’s ideology and corporate identity were established early on. Differences in house rank afforded some houses greater access to essential resources and facilitated their abilities to maintain and extend their corporate group, while affording them greater access to labor and continued wealth production over time. Our case study exemplifies the significant role that small-scale relations--quotidian interactions within neighborhoods--played as sources of social power.
Shellfish, Seasonality, and Sedentism: Î´18O Analysis of California Mussels from Early Holocene Shell Middens on San Miguel Island, California
Authors: Jew Nicholas P , Erlandson Jon M , Rick Torben C , Watts Jack
Published: November 2024

We estimate seasonality of shellfish harvest and site occupation for four Early Holocene shell middens on California’s San Miguel Island using a robust dataset of 449 δ18O measurements from 84 mussel shells (Mytilus californianus). Seasonality was assigned to prehistoric mussels using palaeo sea-surface temperature (PSST) estimates from isotopic data obtained across full shell profiles.The results suggest that PSSTs around San Miguel Island were generally cooler between ~10,000-8600 calBP and that mussels were harvested in a range of water temperatures which suggest a mix of seasonal and year round harvesting at the four sites.Two substantial shell middens dated to ~10,000 and ~9000 calBP appear to have been residential basecamps where Paleocoastal peoples harvested shellfish during all four seasons. These data suggest that Early Holocene peoples occupied the Channel Islands year round and highlight the importance of stable isotope analysis of marine shells for helping evaluate human settlement and subsistence strategies along the Pacific Coast.
A New Major Adze Quarry from Nānākuli, O‘ahu: Implications for Interaction Studies in Hawai‘i
Authors: Weisler Marshall , Collins Sara L. , Feng Yuexing , Zhao Jian-xin , Shipton Ceri , Wei Xun
Published: November 2024

A major new basalt adze quarry at Nānākuli Valley, Hawaiian Islands is described which now ranks as one of the two largest on O‘ahu and aside from the Mauna Kea adze quarry complex on Hawai‘i island and the Haleakalā source on Maui, is one of the major quarries in the archipelago. We defined the approximate limits of the quarry complex, located the in situ geological source of the fine-grained basalt used for adze manufacture, report the petrographic and geochemical variability of the source rock, and describe the adze reduction strategies from analysis of adze blanks andpreforms, as well as hammerstones and debitage. The geochemical variation of the nine source rocks and artefacts were defined by a comprehensive array of 10 fully quantitative major element concentrations, 43 trace element abundances, and high-precision Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios obtained using the state-of-the-art Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS, for Sr isotopes), Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS, for Nd-Pb isotopes), quadrupole ICP-MS (for trace elements) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES, for major elements), respectively. A piece of branch coral was recovered from the surface of a rockshelter that provided a U-series date of possible quarry use in the mid-13th century. It is advocated that a comprehensive range of major and trace element concentrations and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios are required for geochemically characterising adze quarries to facilitate the long-term viability of sourcing studies.
New ceramic data from East Kalimantan: Pottery chronology and the cord-marked and red-slipped sherds of Liang Abu's layer 2
Authors: Plutniak Sébastien , Oktaviana Adhi Agus , Sugiyanto Bambang , Chazine Jean Michel , Ricaut Francois Xavier
Published: November 2024

Archaeological research in the Liang Abu rock shelter (East Kalimantan) led to the discovery and analysis of a pottery assemblage, including red-slipped, cord-marked and incised pottery sherds, radiocarbon dated to 1672±21 BP and 1524±22 BP. In order to discuss our findings we undertook a reappraisal of the pottery material and associated radiocarbon datations from archaeological sites on Borneo Island. This provided us with an appropriate framework for a comparative analysis, introducing Kalimantan inland regions to the technological network of Neolithic Island South East Asia.
Variability is in the Mesh-size of the Sorter: Harataonga Beach and Spatio-temporal Patterning in Northern Māori Fisheries
Authors: Allen Melinda S
Published: November 2024

Prehistoric Māori fisheries have been characterized as specialized and focused on a few medium-sized, shallow water carnivorous taxa of high biomass. Pagrus auratus (snapper) in particular is an abundant component of many northern North Island archaeofish assemblages. However, few northern collections derive from well dated, stratified sites and past field recovery techniques were often less than ideal. Assemblages from Harataonga Beach, Aotea Island (Great Barrier) are useful in this respect, representing both early and late prehistory, and deriving from two field studies made 40 years apart. The recent study, using 2 mm screens, recovered 78,848 fish bones of which 5941 represented 15 bony fish families, sharks and rays. Snapper (Pagrus auratus or Tamure) dominates the early assemblage (69%) but is poorly represented in late prehistory (<20%). Jack mackerel, blue mackerel, and leatherjacket dominate the late prehistoric assemblages and suggest netting in offshore areas. Along with a few other northern localities, the Harataonga results illustrate how sampling and coarse sieves (>3.2 mm) can significantly bias assemblage composition, diversity and structure. The re- gional assessment also suggests that while early Māori fishing practices may have been specialised relative to those of tropical East Polynesia, over time they became more generalised.
Evidence of a well-developed obsidian distribution network in the Far North of New Zealand: new data from the Aupouri Peninsula
Authors: Moore Phillip , Coster John
Published: November 2024

New analyses of obsidian artefact assemblages from 53 archaeological sites located on sand dunes of the western Aupouri Peninsula indicate that a well-developed distribution network operated in this area from the late 15th to 18th century. During the 16th – early 17th century this network included several key ‘high activity’ sites, containing large numbers of obsidian and other artefacts, which are considered to have acted as re-distribution centres. These formed part of at least four separate site clusters, apparently representing relatively long-term settlements. Most of the obsidian was procured, probably by a combination of direct access and exchange, from the Pungaere and Mayor Island sources, with lesser amounts from Coromandel Peninsula, Great Barrier Island, and Huruiki.
Victorian Era European exploitation of Pounamu in Dunedin, New Zealand
Authors: Maxwell Justin J , Middleton Angela , Latham Philip
Published: November 2024

European greenstone lapidaries in Dunedin, New Zealand enjoyed a short boom as raw material became available from the gold mining industry and Europeans developed a taste for both traditional Māori and Victorian designs. In the process of recent earthworks two discrete assemblages of pounamu were recovered from a central Dunedin site. The manufacturing techniques employed by the European lapidaries and the markets they were servicing are investigated here. The assemblages were most likely cached and may have been a part of a grey market of ‘fake’ Māori artefacts.
Prestige Stone Items in Island Melanesia: assessment of the enigmatic biconical picks, drilled plaques and stone clubs from New Caledonia
Authors: Sand Christophe
Published: November 2024

Museum collections from Melanesia preserve a number of enigmatic stone objects whose antiquity and use have been debated by ethnographers for a long time. Rarely have these items been studied from an archaeological perspective, although comparisons with other remains and geological provenance studies can help disentangle questions about these objects. This paper presents the case of finely polished biconical picks and associated drilled stone plaques and clubs from New Caledonia. The study of their production technique and the identification of the use of greywacke as source material allow for a hypothesis as to the chronological period of production of these unique items of the Melanesian prestige goods repertoire.
Baikaboria Ossuary and the Origins of the Kesele Clan, Upper Kikori River, Papua New Guinea.
Authors: Barker Bryce , Lamb Lara , Manne Tiina
Published: November 2024

This paper presents archaeological evidence for the initial occupation and use of a large clan ossuary on the upper Kikori River at Baina in Papua New Guinea. Drawing extensively on clan oral accounts of its use and function, it is posited that the timing and use of the site as an ossuary effectively dates the establishment of a sub clan entity known as Kesele and the fragmentation of larger clan based land owning units into smaller sub-clan entities dating from around 200 years ago in the region. It is further posited that evidence of the more intensive use of the site from around 600 years ago and its subsequent use as an ossuary at 200 years ago may be linked to its proximity to an important lithic raw material source used in the manufacture of sago pounders, a major trade item linked to the hiri pottery trade.
Skeletal and dental health: the bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from the Sigatoka Sand Dunes Site, VL 16/1, Viti Levu, Fiji
Authors: Pietrusewsky Michael , Toomay Douglas Michele , Ikehara-Quebral Rona M.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we examine the health, diet, and lifestyle of the early inhabitants of Fiji using non-specific and specific indicators of health recorded in 42 adult and six subadult skeletons excavated at the Sigatoka Sand Dunes site, VL 16/1, on Viti Levu, one of the largest samples of prehistoric skeletons from Fiji. Because the dates of the Sigatoka cemetery may coincide with contact with later intrusions of people from regions located to the west of Fiji, our research has the potential to inform on the health of prehistoric Fijians during a time of potential stress. Limited comparisons with skeletal series from Remote Oceania for understanding the health of the early inhabitants of tropical Pacific Islands are also made. This is the first study that focuses exclusively on the health of the people interred in the Sigatoka cemetery. With some notable exceptions, few differences were observed in comparisons of skeletal and dental indicators of health in adult males and females from Sigatoka, differences that can be attributed to gender-related cultural practices (e.g., kava use in males), dietary differences, and age. Regional comparisons indicate the early inhabitants of Fiji were relatively healthy and robust people. Unexpectedly, no evidence of yaws was found in the Sigatoka skeletons, a disease that was highly prevalent in Fiji and the western Pacific when the first Europeans arrived. Limited observations of deciduous dental pathology indicate good health in utero and during infancy.
Geochemical and radiometric analyses of archaeological remains from Easter Island’s moai (statue) quarry reveal prehistoric timing, provenance, and use of fine–grain basaltic resources
Authors: Simpson Jr. Dale Fredrick , Van Tilburg Jo Anne , Dussubieux Laure
Published: November 2024

Pacific and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) volcanologists and geologists have set the stage for the island’s archaeologists working in lithic sourcing studies by providing practical data regarding the island geodynamic activity, geomorphological formation and dating, and the macroscopic, microscopic, and elemental proprieties of Easter Island stone. Drawing upon this information, and the research collaboration between two active archaeological projects on Rapa Nui – the Easter Island Statue Project and the Rapa Nui Geochemical Project –  this article presents: 1) a synthesis of a 5–meter field excavation of moai RR–001–156 in Rano Raraku, the moai statue quarry; 2) a 14C assessment which dates human presence around moai RR–001–156; 3) 31 basalt quarry and source site descriptions; and 4) laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and principal component analyses of 21 archaeological and 117 geological samples. Our results trace the prehistoric transfer of basaltic resources from the Ava o’Kiri and Pu Tokitoki complex to the moai quarry at Rano Raraku during the AD 1400’s. This conclusion helps us to better understand sociopolitical and economic interaction during Rapa Nui prehistory.
Life, Death and Care on the Otago Goldfields: A Preliminary Glimpse.
Authors: Petchey Peter , Buckley Hallie , Scott Rachel
Published: November 2024

In 2017 two unmarked graves were disturbed by tree removal in the Cromwell Cemetery in Central Otago, New Zealand. These were the burials of two men who probably died in the 1890s, and examination of their remains indicated that both were manual workers with evidence of strong musculature and also numerous injuries; evidence of the harsh working life led by many in the nineteenth century Otago goldfields. This paper considers these two individuals, the evidence for their lived experiences, and the implications of their injuries within a 'bioarchaeology of care' model. It also provides a basic outline of the appropriate handling of such accidental discoveries of historic-era human burials within legal and professional standards.
Obsidian from the Jacquinot Bay area, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.
Authors: Specht Jim , Kariwiga Jason , Ford Anne
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the analysis by portable XRF (pXRF) of 44 pieces of obsidian from six archaeological sites around Jacquinot Bay in the Pomio District of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. One piece is possibly from a middle Lapita pottery context, but the remainder are undated but almost certainly post-Lapita in age. The pXRF analysis attributes all pieces to New Britain sources: 41 from Mopir and 3 from Willaumez Peninsula. The dominance of the Mopir source supports a relatively late date for the obsidian’s arrival in the Jacquinot Bay area. When considered in relation to a stemmed obsidian tool from Pakia village inland to the north of Jacquinot Bay, the results suggest that future work in this region area may feed into wider discussions on the control of resources and the social function of obsidian in the Papua New Guinea island provinces
Research Report: A new discovery from Māori archaeological sites on Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand reveals a widely distributed, commensal dog parasite
Authors: Horrocks Mark , Presswell Bronwen , Gumbley Warren , Bickler Simon , Jones Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Here we present helminthological analysis of archaeological substrates and coprolites from Coromandel Peninsula. One type of helminth egg, Toxocara canis, was identified. The presence of a single species in numerous samples across widely separate sites suggests it was the most common New Zealand canine helminth parasite in pre-contact times. The distinctive morphology of T. canis eggs makes them readily identified in archaeological contexts, and more so once damaged or degraded eggs are learnt to be identified. The study illustrates the potential value of this type of analysis in Oceania. This is the first multi-site, regional archaeoparasite egg study in Oceania.
LA MÚSICA Y SUS BENEFICIOS EN LA ECOLALIA INFANTIL
Authors: Tomalá Solorzano Mayerli Saray , Vargas Vera Gina Janeth
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo de investigación analiza el impacto de la música como herramienta pedagógica para mejorar el desarrollo del lenguaje en niños con ecolalia, implementando y comparando los enfoques metodológicos. Este estudio utilizó un método de investigación documental, basado en bibliografías de estudios de campo previos. Además, es retrospectivo con una metodología mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa, de diseño descriptivo y observacional indirecto. La revisión de estudios de campo permitió una observación indirecta de los resultados obtenidos, además es una investigación inductiva, partiendo del diseño individual al general. Los resultados señalan la importancia de la repetición y la exposición temprana a la música, además se observó que la música fortalece la memoria y la capacidad de atención, aspectos cruciales para el desarrollo del lenguaje y la comunicación. Como resultado se encuentra la evidencia científica apoya la inclusión de la música en programas educativos y terapéuticos, subrayando su capacidad para mejorar la calidad de vida y las oportunidades de aprendizaje de los niños. Este articulo subraya la necesidad de un entorno enriquecido y de apoyo para un aprendizaje efectivo y sugiere que la musicoterapia es una intervención útil para el desarrollo integral de los niños.
Educación Ambiental: vegetación como determinante de la distribución de la fauna
Authors: Martinez Bardales Clessy Laura , Gabriela Garate Chamoli  , Héctor Gilberto Pezo Gálvez
Published: November 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la vegetación y la distribución de la fauna en el Área de Conservación IESTP El Milagro Fe y Alegría 47, San Juan Bautista. Se realizaron muestreos sistemáticos de flora y fauna, identificando 78 individuos pertenecientes a 22 familias botánicas, con predominancia de Fabaceae (24%), Myristicaceae (9%) y Euphorbiaceae (8%). En la fauna, se registraron 255 individuos de 38 familias, siendo Psittacidae la familia dominante (24.7%). Se emplearon transectos y puntos de conteo para caracterizar la distribución de la mastofauna, ornitofauna, herpetofauna y entomofauna. Los resultados mostraron que especies como Carollia perspicillata y Leontocebus fuscicollis se concentraron en microhábitats de alta vegetación, mientras que la ornitofauna fue más abundante en áreas de forrajeo. El análisis de correlación de Spearman reveló un coeficiente de 0.945, indicando una fuerte correlación positiva entre la diversidad de flora y fauna (p < 0.01). Estas evidencias sugieren que la salud y diversidad de la vegetación son fundamentales para el bienestar de la fauna y la estabilidad del ecosistema. Este estudio resalta la importancia de conservar la vegetación nativa para promover la biodiversidad y contribuir a la sostenibilidad del área de conservación.
Sistema de Simulação Integrado de Workstation e Banco de Imagens para Tomografia Computadorizada
Authors: Soares Lucas André Marinho Santos , Oliveira Marcus Vinícius Linhares de
Published: November 2024

A crescente importância da simulação e da tecnologia na educação em saúde apresenta-se como uma solução promissora para otimizar a formação de profissionais na área radiológica. Este estudo objetiva criar e implementar um software desktop inovador que simula uma estação de trabalho de tomografia computadorizada, integrando banco de dados e ambiente e-learning. A formação na área radiológica enfrenta limitações na prática e acesso a equipamentos, tornando a simulação uma ferramenta essencial para superar esses obstáculos e melhorar o aprendizado. A metodologia baseou-se no desenvolvimento em Python®, devido à sua legibilidade, facilidade de implementação e versatilidade. O software foi estruturado de forma modular, permitindo desenvolvimento iterativo e futuras expansões. O sistema proporciona ao usuário uma experiência completa, desde a tela de carregamento até a visualização detalhada dos exames, com ênfase na eficácia operacional e na interação intuitiva. A gestão eficiente do banco de dados permite atualizações em tempo real, facilitando a administração das informações dos pacientes.
Contribuição dos Exames de Imagem no Diagnóstico do Câncer Colorretal
Authors: Nobrega Almir Inácio da , Romão Adriana Aparecida San , Silva Elisangela Ferreira
Published: November 2024

O Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) classifica o carcinoma colorretal (CCR) como o segundo tumor maligno mais frequente do trato gastrointestinal, podendo-se instalar de modo mais frequente na transição retossigmóide ou propriamente no reto. Setenta por cento dos casos são assintomáticos e o diagnóstico geralmente ocorre tardiamente, o que reduz as chances de sobrevida do paciente. Esse estudo tem por objetivo descrever as contribuições dos exames de imagem no diagnóstico do CCR com ênfase na colonoscopia colorretal, enema opaco de duplo contraste, tomografia computadorizada e imagem por ressonância magnética. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica baseada em artigos científicos publicados nas plataformas PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science, e publicações obtidas nos sites do INCA do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. A parede do intestino grosso apresenta particularidades morfológicas como os apêndices omentais, as tênias e as saculações do colo, que por vezes, podem se apresentar sugerindo neoformações polipóides que merecem investigação acurada. Pólipos abordados no exame de colonoscopia merecem ser biopsiados para análise anatomopatológica. Novas técnicas de diagnóstico por imagem têm aumentado a eficácia do diagnóstico do CCR. O CCR permanece como um dos maiores desafios de saúde pública. O exame de colonoscopia destaca-se como o método mais eficiente e abrangente para seu diagnóstico precoce. Este exame, além de permitir uma visualização direta do cólon, possibilita a detecção e remoção imediata de pólipos, atuando tanto em caráter diagnóstico quanto terapêutico.
The extent of social media usage for exchanging knowledge by higher education students in Tanzania
Authors: Msafiri Ponera Jaffar , Stephen Madila Shadrack
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study investigated the extent of social media usage for exchanging knowledge by higher education students in Tanzania because, during the COVID-19 outbreak, Tanzania witnessed the closure of various higher education institutions due to a lack of dependable online learning platforms.Methodology – A mixed-methods approach with a convergent research design was used in this study. Parallel mixed-methods sampling was used to select a sample of 239 out of 633 postgraduate students from the four selected higher education institutions in northern Tanzania. Interviews were conducted with eight heads of academic departments at the HEI. The quantitative data was descriptively analysed with SPSS version 24, and the results were presented as tables, frequencies, and percentages. Qualitative data were submitted to thematic analysis using Atlas.ti version 7 based on the emerging themes.Findings – The findings established that education (classmates) and WhatsApp were postgraduate students' most commonly used social media. They also perceived social media as applicable and developed positive attitudes towards it because of the advantages it offered them in academics. The study further found the frequent use of social media by postgraduate students.Implications – The study recommended that the management of HEIs ensure the availability of reliable Internet to facilitate knowledge-sharing activities and offer training on the ethical use of such platforms.Originality – This is a component of a larger PhD study submitted to the University of South Africa (UNISA), contributing to the existing body of knowledge.
Provision of digital reference services in academic libraries in Kenya: a review
Authors: M. Tutu James
Published: November 2024

Rationale - The process of locating and acquiring relevant information from libraries is getting more complicated due to the vast amount of information resources one has to plough through. To serve users purposefully, an academic library should be able to avail to users the tools and services that lessen the task of searching for information.Design - The research proposed a two-phase data mining through analysing the access behaviour of users. In the first phase, the Ant Colony Clustering Algorithm was used as the data mining method and separated users into several clusters depending on access records used. The clusters were in the form of course groupings. Users who have similar interests and behaviour were collected in the same cluster. In the second phase, the user records in the same cluster were analysed further. The second phase relied on association which was used to discover the relationship between users and information resources, users’ interests and their information access behaviour.Findings - It was ascertained that although users were able to locate and retrieve the information they needed, it was not up to the degree of satisfaction they expected. Furthermore, it took them some time to acquire the information. Using data mining together with selective dissemination of information would enable users to access relevant information without promptly thus saving time and other resources. Practical implications - The mining of user data within library databases would facilitate a better understanding of user needs and requirements leading to the development and delivery of specialised and more fulfilling services.Originality - The proposed DMM model is original as it is one of a kind that suggests integrating SDI with data mining in libraries.
Information needs of and services to small-scale vegetable farmers in Wareng, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Rop Zipporah
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Agriculture remains the most important economic activity in Kenya. Efficient and effective provision of information is essential to the success of agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the provision of information to small-scale vegetable farmers in Wareng Sub-County, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya with a view of establishing the challenges and proposing a model for effective and efficient information flow to the vegetable farmers in the county.Methodology – The research used a case study approach. The population of the study comprised 75 smallscale vegetable farmers and 13 agricultural and extension officers in Wareng Sub-County. Data was collected through questionnaires and structured interviews as well as from secondary sources. The data was analysed using content analysis.Findings – The study found that vegetable farmers lack timely information specific to their information needs. The existing information systems and services were inadequate in satisfying the information needs. Furthermore, the study established that access to information was hampered by inadequate information resources and services.Implications – The findings of the study may be used to encourage the government to recognise the fact that information is an essential input for an effective agricultural system and as such contributes in a positive way to agricultural development. The findings, therefore, can be used to propose improvements to the existing information services, systems and channels in disseminating information to vegetable farmers.Originality – This study was original in terms of its focus and geographical orientation. Small-scale vegetable farming in Kenya is an important socioeconomic activity which provides employment opportunities to many citizens yet very little is known about the information needs of the farmers.
Management of Tacit Knowledge for Competitive Advantage at Insurance Regulatory Authority, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mumo Mutava Mutuku Theresia , Mwai Dr. Naomi , Mbenge-Ndiku Dr. Tabitha Mbenge-Ndiku
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study investigated the management of tacit knowledge for competitive advantage at the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) in Nairobi, Kenya. The objectives of the study were: to assess how the management of tacit knowledge management at IRA can bring about competitive advantage, to examine the challenges encountered, and to come up with recommendations for the management of tacit knowledge for competitive advantage at IRA, Nairobi, Kenya.Methodology – The research used qualitative and exploratory case design. The target population was 85 members of staff at the IRA and a sample of 43. Data was collected using interviews and reported verbatim. NVivo software program was used for the analysis of the study.Findings – The research revealed that through tacit knowledge management, the Authority had acquired a competitive advantage over other firms thereby demonstrating the importance of tacit knowledge to a firm. Despite this, there were some challenges facing tacit knowledge management at the Authority. These included a lack of commitment from staff and a lack of a policy.Implications – The study recommended a structured way of tacit knowledge management, the involvement of staff, and having proper policies for managing tacit knowledge, among other strategies. This study's findings can be used to inform policy decisions on the management of tacit knowledge at IRA.Originality – The study is an original work aimed to contribute to the literature on knowledge management in general.
Multimedia-based instructional delivery practices for interactive teaching and learning in selected secondary schools in Nigeria
Authors: Bakare Abdullahi , Adeagbo Olaoluwa , O. Odunewu Abiodun
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Despite its numerous benefits, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Ijebu North-East Local Government of Ogun state is currently low. Ogun state prides itself on being the education capital of the nation, and to preserve its standing, it is essential to give the education system more attention. Therefore, the study investigated the nature of the problem that caused the low level of multimedia incorporation into teaching and learning.Methodology – This study used a descriptive survey design with a two-stage sampling strategy. It involved 1850 students, 370 of whom were drawn from four schools. A questionnaire was used for data collection, and results were presented using simple frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.Findings – The study has established that the interactive multimedia-based resources available were barely sufficient or inadequate and in poor condition, mainly due to a poor maintenance culture. Consequently, they were lowly used, which complicated interactive teaching and learning in secondary schools.Implications – The low use of the few multimedia resources available for interactive teaching and learning suggests that the government has not invested in multimedia infrastructure. This hinders the full realisation of the benefits of using multimedia resources for interactive teaching and learning in the secondary schools in Ijebu North-East, Ogun State.Originality – The study distinctly explored the principles of learning by doing and how deep learning occurs using multimedia as instructional delivery tools, aiming to enhance knowledge management in the educational system.
Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing in the Georgian Consumer Market
Authors: Makharadze Ana , Mamuladze Gela
Published: November 2024

In today's digital world, traditional marketing is increasingly being integrated with high technology and Internet resources. The digitalization of global and local markets has put on the agenda an overview of practical marketing mechanisms and the search for new approaches. Traditional marketing communication tools and channels such as advertising, direct marketing, promotion, personal selling, catalogs, etc. They are gradually integrated with Internet marketing trends and are used more or less in a comprehensive manner.This article discusses the Social Media Marketing development stages, the key platforms, the tools used, and their impact on the consumer market. As with traditional marketing, the effectiveness of social media marketing is determined by the nature of consumer markets and their awareness of a particular marketing event. The article also discusses marketing trends used in the Georgian consumer market and customer reviews in the same market.