bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Application of Big Data Statistical Analysis in the Field of Economic Management
Authors: Wang LuQuan
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the Internet and computer are becoming more and more popular in the society. People become the transmitter and receiver of information through the Internet. This way has changed the traditional life, work and study mode of human beings. With the continuous increase of data and information, its application value gradually increases. Researchers use big data statistics to help people manage their personal data. This paper analyzes the application of big data analysis in the field of economic management and makes the corresponding summary.
Big Data Analysis of the Ecological Environment in the Dianchi Watershed
Authors: Wang Hui , Song Jie , Tao Jun
Published: June 2020

To analyze the massive data on the ecological environment in Dianchi Watershed scientifically, understand its situation and dynamic trend over time, we plan to establish a feature-based four-dimensional space-time data model and build an integrated space-time database. The SuperMap map database is used to establish a space-time visual query and analysis system of the ecological environment information based on WebGIS with the B/S structure. The ecological environment information of the Dianchi Watershed is taken as the research object for scientific and comprehensive analysis and management of the ecological environment situation, thereby providing intuitive and reliable data information support for the decision-making of the ecological environment construction.
Development Path of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities from the Big Data Perspective
Authors: Tong SiSi
Published: June 2020

With the development of information technology and the growth of new media, the big data perspective is coming. A detailed introduction to the big data is performed in this paper, and the faced by the ideological and political education in colleges and universities are analyzed from the big data perspective. Combined with the above analysis, the specific reform measures are proposed to guide the teaching practice.
High-precision Solution of Differential Equations for Corporate Accounting and Financial Statement Based on Stochastic Galerkin Spectrum Method
Authors: Fan HongMei
Published: June 2020

Based on the high-precision guidance, the main high-precision points in each link of the supply chain in accounting and financial statements are analyzed systematically, and effective control activities are performed. It can significantly improve the quality of accounting and financial statements and enhance the forecast effect of accounting and financial statements on economic activities and the availability for decision-making, which allows economic activities to be carried out more orderly.
The Mechanism and Role of “Internet plus” in Promoting Medical Institutions to Achieve Social Governance -- Taking Medical Colleges in Qigihar as an Example
Authors: Tian Zhiwei , Li Xiangkun , Wang Shibo , Xu Bo , Ding Wanhua , Sun Yingchun
Published: June 2020

With the popularity and development of Internet technology in recent years, the public has attached more importance to the role of “Internet plus”, and Internet plus has provided technical platform for various industries. The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanism and role of Internet plus in helping medical institutions to achieve social governance by taking medical colleges in Qigihar as an example. First, it summarizes the basic concepts of social governance, and then analyzes the specific path of “Internet plus” to promote social governance construction. Combined with the Qigihar area, it analyzes the social governance system and mechanism construction. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 107 public in Heilongjiang. The results showed that the Internet plus student management module provided the main services for the students. The students could conduct the course management, document management, mailbox management, public forum, mail list management and so on through the module. The satisfaction degree of the “Internet plus” communication between doctors and patients in Qigihar medical college is 81.3%, the medical service coverage is 84.1%, and the access to medical services is 86.9%. “Internet plus” helps medical institutions achieve the role of management talents and service personnel.
Impact of Heterogeneous FTA on Service Trade in the Context of Smart Economy
Authors: Jiang Hao
Published: June 2020

With the development of information technology, artificial intelligence is more and more closely involved in our lives. And its main industry is service industry. This paper uses value-added data to explore the impact of heterogeneous trade agreements on a country’s export value-added. Using different measurement methods, with the help of Stata software. It is found that the establishment of free trade agreements in services among developing countries has a negative effect on the contracting countries, and the cooperation between the North-South type countries will significantly promote the value-added of service exports of the contracting countries.
Forecasting the 2019-ncov Epidemic in Wuhan by SEIR and Cellular Automata Model
Authors: Wang SiYou , Fang Hui , Ma ZhiHong , Wang XiuFen
Published: June 2020

Since December 2019, Wuhan has became an outbreak epicentre of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. This study inferred the epidemic spread in Wuhan, which is of great importance for government immediately deployed mitigation interventions. In view of the fact that the virus is infectious during the incubation period, we added new variables to the SEIR model. We used the data published by Wuhan government from Dec 8, 2019, to Feb 4, 2020 to forecast the spreading trend and the number of infected people, then simulated the results of different government control efforts by changing the control variables. Furthermore, we used mathematical formulas to infer the basic reproduction number, and then calculated the probability of the neighbor being infected at each time step, simulated the epidemic course of epidemic by using the cellular automata model. Our finding suggested that the epidemic outbreak earlier under the government’s powerful control measures and the outbreak period begin on mid-January, then reach a peak on the mid-February. The cumulative number of infections in Wuhan would be controlled at 58310. More importantly, The basic reproduction number is 3.13, which indicated that the virus is high risk. Simultaneously, the cellular automata model is very suitable for simulating the spread course after the public health interventions.
University Brand Asset Construction Based on Big Data and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fang Huizi , Liu Yishu
Published: June 2020

Today’s education ecosystem is changing rapidly, and universities are facing high levels of competition and pressure. How to establish a brand to attract and retain students has become a top priority for colleges and universities. The concept of brand management sprang up in the 1980s. Establishing a brand in a university will be able to occupy a competitive advantage and be conducive to long-term management. Therefore, the concept of brand has gradually been valued and discussed by educational institutions. And the current research on education brand is booming. The purpose of this article is to study the construction of university brand assets based on big data and meta-analysis. This research will extensively collect academic papers on university brand equity over the years, collect relevant data to understand the effectiveness of university brand operations using survey methods, conduct meta-analysis, understand the influence of background variables and university brand equity, and explore the dimensions of university brand asset dimensions The relativity of factors is analyzed by rigorous mathematical analysis to explore the effect of each observation variable. The latter is analyzed by SEM to find a better factor structure of university brand equity. This paper analyzes the correlation between the four factors and finds that the comprehensive test has a significant effect. The six correlation coefficients of the four related variables range from 0.60 to 0.74. Standard judgment is used, which has a practical value of medium or higher.
Engineering Cost Information Management in Big Data Era
Authors: Li Zixuan
Published: June 2020

With the development of Chinese society, the era of big data and the increasing informatization, information and scientific systems have gradually formed in various fields and enterprises, but the process of improving company management has also received great challenges. Especially in the engineering cost industry, to comply with the requirements of the times, it is necessary to change the previous management method, but the era of big data has also brought new opportunities and opportunities to engineering cost management. The goals of the engineering cost industry, how companies can fully use the advantages of big data in engineering costs, solve related problems, and improve the overall social and economic benefits by means of data and information technology have become in-depth discussion questions. The purpose of this article is to study the problem of information management of engineering cost in the era of big data. By establishing a unified cost data collection standard on the basis of big data, the quality of data collection is improved, which facilitates the classification and processing of subsequent data, increases the source of data collection, and improves the quality of data. Improve the competitiveness of project cost management. Strengthen data mining and analysis, lower the threshold of data management, so that more project cost management staff can master. Based on the analysis of the needs of the platform, the frontline project cost personnel of the construction unit and the engineering cost consulting unit were the main survey objects, and it was found that most people have not worked for five years. And 62% of the engineering cost workers still get the latest project cost information from the project cost information journals and websites responsible for the cost station.
Research of ASME Standards Development Policy and its Enlightenment
Authors: Xu Qing
Published: June 2020

The standard developing policy of ASME is studied from the aspects of organizational structure, division of responsibilities, standard developing principle and standard developing procedures of ASME. In addition, it analyzes the characteristics of ASME standard developing process and its enlightenment to Chinese standardization work in order to give some enlightenment to social organizations who carry out standardization work.
Relationship Analysis of Resignation Cognition and Career Identity of Students Majoring in Editing and Publishing in the Context of New Media Technology
Authors: Yao Liya
Published: June 2020

Due to the impact of new media technology, the phenomenon of media personnel resignation is becoming more and more common, which weakens the career identity of local university students majoring in Editing and Publishing. The questionnaire survey was conducted among students majoring in Editing and Publishing in a university in Jilin Province. It was found that students’ career identity was on the upper middle level. There were significant differences among students of different genders and grades in their career identity. There was no significant difference in career identity between students with or without media experience and those with or without family members working in media. Based on the above results, three strategies are put forward to improve the career identity of students in this major: first, the cultivation of career identity should be closely linked with the industry; second, the cultivation of career identity should be student-centered; third, the cultivation of career identity should be incorporated into the target system of practical teaching.
Traffic-related pollutants in roadside environment of Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Aung Win Yu , Noguchi Mayumi , Yi Ei Ei Pan Nu , Thant Zarli , Uchiyama Shigehisa , Win-Shwe Tin-Tin , Kunugita Naoki , Mar Ohn
Published: June 2020

Roadside environment is a key location responsible for increased exposure of traffic-related air pollutants to people who reside, work and commute on or near the roadside. Although increase in traffic volume and duration of traffic congestion has been significantly recognized in Yangon, research conducted on traffic-related air pollutants is very limited. In this study, we mainly focused on nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons of VOCs; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes collectively known as BTEX. Dffusive air samplers; DSD-CX for BTEX and DSD-TEA for NO2 were placed at seven sampling sites, S1-S4 located on heavy congested traffic roads of commercial areas and S5-S7 on fast moving traffic roads of residential ones. The BTEX concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and NO2 by ion chromatography. According to the findings, we concluded that roadside NO2 concentrations reflect the severity of traffic congestion currently encountered in the city. Sources other than vehicle emission could also have contribution to roadside traffic-related pollutants. Appropriate traffic managements and vehicle emission controls are urgently needed for reducing traffic-related air pollution.
Research on Energy Consumption Quota Index System for Chinese Public Institutions and Its Application
Authors: Yan BAI , Lan ZHANG , Xue BAI
Published: June 2020

Energy consumption quota has been widely used in various fields as an important means and technical support for energy conservation. As an important field of energy conservation in the whole society, energy conservation of public institutions shall also require an energy consumption quota method to manage energy consumption. Based on the zoning and classification of public institutions, through analyzing the energy usage characteristics of public institutions such as heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, office and cooking, this article studied the core indexes and reference indexes of public institutions with or without heating systems, proposed the energy consumption quota index system for public institutions, and provided single-index and multiple-index evaluation schemes..
Analysis of security risk control of mobile application under BYOD scenario using in energy enterprises
Authors: Wenjie Zhang , Wei Li , Zheng Li , Yubo Liu , Zhiru Zhang
Published: June 2020

In recent years, with the popularity of bring your own device (BYOD), energy employees have tended to use personal mobile devices to access company resources. The use of the same device to access both corporate and personal data introduces new security threats, such as the disclosure of confidential corporate data. Existing BYOD solutions lack multi-entity management, role-based access control (RBAC) support. Therefore cannot address the critical issue of external enterprise collaboration when the same device needs to access the resources of multiple companies. Based on this, security risk control of mobile applications in BYOD scenario is carried out in this paper. A face in vivo detection algorithm based on FLGS is proposed to improve the reliability of face recognition on current BYOD mobile devices.
The new public management theory looks at the socialization reform of college catering service under the valve
Authors: Chen Wenpu
Published: June 2020

The socialized reform of college catering service should draw lessons from the theory of new public management, take the road of marketization, re-divide the division of government and social forces, and develop the college catering service market. Innovate characteristic college catering with information technology and precise positioning of audience demand; The quality of service is guaranteed by perfect management system, excellent service team and multi-party supervision mechanism.
Potassium enrichment of treated palm oil mill effluent in a fixed-bed contactor
Authors: Pranolo S H , Margono  , Paryanto  , Muizuddin A , Ayyubbiru K T
Published: June 2020

Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the effluent of POME-based biogas production process. This liquid is potential as a raw material of liquid organic fertilizer, but the potassium content should be upgraded. Ash of empty palm fruit bunches (EPFB-a) which is locally available in huge amount is an attractive source of potassium. Potassium enrichment of treated POME was performed by contacting this liquid with EPFB-a in a fixed bed contactor. This research studied the effects of treated POME flow rate and height of EPFB-a bed on potassium mass transfer coefficient from solid to liquid phase in the contactor. Treated POME and EPFB-a were obtained from a crude palm oil mill in Rantau Sakti Village, Tambusai Utara Sub-district, Rokan Hulu Regency of Riau Province. The treated POME flow rates were set at 3.72; 3.36; and 2.52 L/min. EPFB-a bed height were fixed at 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 m. The performance of this fixed bed contactor was evaluated based on extracted potassium content.
Main engine calculation for ferry Ro-Ro 500 DWT ship using electric propulsion
Authors: Zulfaidah A. , Sarwoko  , Suharto  , Santoso Budhi , Romadhoni
Published: June 2020

The development of the current design of electrical system to protect the environment in the world. The purpose of this research is to obtain an electric propulsion system and engine power needed by the Ferry RoRo 500 DWT ship. The analysis begins by calculating the total ship resistance using the software. Next, the calculation of determining the generator power is calculated by a mathematical method. Resistance of 500 DWT RORO ferry at 12 knots 67.7 kN service speed. The increase in ship resistance is affected by the volume of the hull below the waterline. The greater the volume the greater the value resistance ship to get. The power play engine generator required to fight the value of ship resistance at the ferry RORO service speed of 984.49 kW.
The Effect of Plasticizers towards the Characteristics of Methylcellulose Film Packaging
Authors: Karim S F A , Hamzah N A N , Aziz R A A , Ibrahim U K
Published: June 2020

The usage of petroleum-based film packaging causes a serious environmental problem, which affects human health as well as marine life. The main objective of this study is to study the effect of different plasticizers on the methylcellulose (MC) based film food packaging. Sorbitol and red palm oil (RPO) were used as plasticizers. The films were prepared by using solution-casting method before being characterized. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of 3361 to 3305 cm−1 peak as the presence of hydroxyl group in sorbitol and 2925 cm−1 to 2853 cm−1 peak corresponded to the C-H stretches of the alkanes of RPO. All films appeared in white colour for sorbitol while yellowish for films with RPO. Tensile strength and elastic modulus decreased over increasing amount of sorbitol or RPO due to the modified interactions between the plasticizers and the chemical structure of the film. Overall, RPO can be used as the substitute of sorbitol to incorporate with MC.
Potential of Edible Oil Production from Rice Bran in Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Yunardi Y , Meilina H , Fathanah U , Mahadina R , Rinaldi A , Jauharlina J
Published: June 2020

In the year 2018, Indonesia produced 56 million tons of rice paddy. During the paddy milling process, 57-60% rice will be produced, 18-20% husk and 8-10% bran. On this basis, about 4.5 to 5.6 million tons of rice bran is produced every year and unfortunately such massive resource of rice bran is not yet optimally utilized. To this point, rice bran has been used as animal feed. Typically, rice bran contains 15-20 % lipids, 12-16 % protein, 7-11 % crude fibre, 34-52 % carbohydrate and 7-10 % ash. Since it is rich in lipids, rice bran is economically and commercially feasible to be converted into edible oil. With the embargo of Indonesia palm oil by European Union and more portion of palm oil is converted into biodiesel, rice bran oil would have opportunity to supply the country to meet the demand for edible oil. Rice bran oil offers a number of advantages compared to other edible oils in terms high antioxidant contents and high smoke point. This paper will discuss the potential production of rice bran oil from resources and technological point of views, current processing technology, possible methods to increase the recovery, and future prospect for rice bran oil.
Refrigeration system based-dehumidifier
Authors: Ariwibowo D , Indartono  , Darmanto S
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to develop a dehumidifier prototype based on R-404C vapor compression refrigeration system and observed its performance. Condenser and evaporator became a unit to condense the moisture content of the air and heat it to an elevated temperature. Condenser and evaporator were arranged in line with airflow to be treated. The air velocity drawn through the unit of condenser-evaporator arrangement was set at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 m/s by fan current input controller. Evaporator and condenser are a fin-tube type with areas of 0.6 m2. Refrigerant inlet temperature to evaporator was set at -20 °C. Temperature and Relative humidity (RH) of air at the inlet and outlet of the unit were measured by thermohygrometer. The humidifier performance was indicated by a ratio between moisture condensed (kg) and system energy input (kW). The heat released in the cooling and condensation process was 10.1 kW and 17.8 kW, whereas heat consumed in the heating process was 24.8 kW. The best performance of the dehumidifier was 16.7 kg/kWh at air velocity, outlet temperature and RH were 5 m/s, 42 °C and 17 %, subsequently.
Differences in precision of wax molds made of portland cement and silicone rubber in investment casting process for economic efficacy
Authors: Kusyairi I , Choiron M A , Himawan H M , Irawan Y S
Published: June 2020

The investment casting method has several advantages, namely the ability to mold complex objects, create products smooth surface and high precision. This is closely related to the wax pattern used, if the wax already has a precision geometry with a precise shrinkage estimation during the casting process, the product will be in accordance with the plan, and vice versa. This study compares the level of roughness and precision of wax molds made of Portland cement and Silicon Rubber. The first step was making a product design with CAD, the product pattern to be made was the origami crash box with a thickness of 3 mm. The second step, converting the CAD file to .stp/.step then printing the design with 3D Printing. The third step, duplicating the 3D printing results with Portland cement material on the first mold and silicone rubber on the second mold. The first mold was designed with the assembly method, the assembly will be carried out after the first part and the second part have been finished. The fourth step was pouring wax that has been mixed with dammar gum (Shorea javanica), onto each gate that has been designed. The study found that the percentage difference between design and cement was 14.7% while the difference between design and RTV Silicon Rubber was 2.7%. This proves that RTV Silicon Rubber can form more precise patterns than cement. RTV Silicon Rubber mold is able to form complex patterns. The surface roughness adjusts to the imitated pattern, if the pattern is smooth then the surface produced by RTV Silicon Rubber mold is smooth, and vice versa.
Solvability for classical continuous boundary optimal control problem dominating by triple hyperbolic equations
Authors: Al-Hawasy Jamil A
Published: June 2020

This work concerns with the study of the continuous classical boundary optimal control problem (CCBUOCP) dominating by triple linear hyperbolic (TLH) partial differential equations(TLHPDEQS). The existing theorem for a unique state vector solution(SVES) for the TLH boundary value problem (TLHBVP) as well as for its adjoint triple linear equations (ATLEQ) is proved using the method of Galerkin (MG) when the continuous classical boundary control vector (CCBUCV) is known. The existing theorem of a continuous classical boundary optimal control vector (CCBUOCV) dominating by the TLHBVP is proved. The directional derivative (DIDE) for the cost functional (CFu) is derived. Finally the theorem for necessity conditions for optimality (THNCO) of the problem is proved.
RETRACTED: Automatic Cytoplasm and Nucleus detection in the white blood cells depending on hisogram analysis
Authors: Mohammed M H , Daway H G , Jouda J
Published: June 2020

Programmed identification of white platelets (WBCs) stays an uncertain issue in medicinal imaging. The first step in this algorithm is to detect a white blood cell (Lymphocyte) and then segments the Cytoplasm and Nucleus in this cell. This was done by using image processing Techniques. The suggested method depending on the binary conversion of red, blue and hue compounds depending on threshes values. These values were calculated from histogram analysis within specific ranges. The proposed algorithm was compared with several other algorithms for detection by using an accuracy scale in the detection. where the proposed algorithm obtained a high distinction accuracy reached 98% compared to other methods.
A Study of the Influence of Zinc Oxide on Acid Resistance of Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Hadi F A , Kadhim R G
Published: June 2020

The natural rubber has good resistance for some acids such as hydrochloric acid. Therefore, natural rubber composites are used in the lining of acid containers. Acid resistance of the natural rubber improves by types and levels of additives such as zinc oxide level. This research focuses on the influence of traditional zinc oxide on the acid resistance of natural rubber composites against 37% (w/w) hydrochloric acid. Six rubber compounds were prepared with various levels of zinc oxide of (0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8) phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber weight). This work includes tests of tensile properties, hardness (Shore A), compression set, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance. Test specimens of tensile properties and hardness immersed in hydrochloric acid for 70 hours at room temperature. After immersion, they dried and tested for determining acid resistance. The acid resistance of rubber composites increased by increasing the amount of zinc oxide and the best acid resistance of rubber composite was gotten at 5 phr of zinc oxide.
Synthesis and characterizations of new conducting polyamide (Nylon 6,6) composites, conductivity and thermal Studies.
Authors: Obies Oras Jasim , Kadhim Prof. Dr. Raheem Gaaed , Mutar Prof. Dr. Mohammed Ali
Published: June 2020

The composites are having the capability of combining constitutive component’s individual properties, creating distinctive materials with certain characteristics proper for specific applications. The major goal of the presented research is developing polymeric reinforced composite materials, that is considered to be anti-static as well as light. The potential regarding conducting the synthesis of PA(nylon 6,6) as well as involving it in the polymeric matrices, including polyamide-6,6 which is enabling creating anti-static reinforced materials. (PANI:Ny-6,6) as well as the composite films have been subjected to preparation through a process of diffusion as well as the aniline’s oxidative polymerization in Ny-6,6 matrixes. Composite films have been subjected to characterization through SEM, FTIR, in addition to their electrical properties. Surface electrical conductivity that is related to HCl of (1M) doped composite films increase and increment in film’s PAn contents. Studying electrical properties within certain isothermal conditions at temperature in range (130-200°C) indicated that composite films have been stable in ambient conditions not more than a temperature of 200 °C with regard to DC electrical conductivity retention.
Effect pressure and ultrasonic wave on nano bubbles density in water solution
Authors: Rabee Bahaa H , Al–Saeedi Adnan M. , Alshafaay B.
Published: June 2020

After designing the special unit for two stages, the first stage was for the production of micro-bubbles and the second was for the production of Nano bubble. The production of dissolved nano bubble in water is accomplished by converting the microbubbles by high pressure (10-70 bar) and by ultrasound waves between (2-20 GHz) and at different time periods (15,30,60 seconds) and in the middle of a metal chamber that bears High pressure The results showed that the highest intensity of the presence of dissolved nano bubble in water is (24%) and was achieved at pressure (70 bar) and frequency (20 GHz) and with a time period (60 seconds).
The Racialization of Print
Authors: Rezek Joseph
Published: June 2020

This essay reimagines the centuries-long process through which printed objects in the Anglophone world became powerfully associated with white supremacy and ideologies of racial hierarchy. It argues that the racialization of print was not inevitable but contingent, uneven, and always contested; that it continually shifted, varying widely from place to place; and that it occurred in relation to the medium’s changing associations with such other unstable social and ideological categories as class, gender, religion, and nation. The essay proposes two phases for this historical process: the establishment phase, during which the hyperelite medium of the printed codex acquired an association with white authorship in the early modern period; and the essentializing phase, during which, over the course of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a printed book by a single author came to be understood as capable of representing the essential nature of an entire race of people. Samson Occom and Phillis Wheatley wrote during the shift between these two phases of print’s racialization. A comparative case study of Occom’s and Wheatley’s relationships to book publication suggests that early modern social and class hierarchies were more important to their navigation of the medium’s racialized dynamics than is commonly granted.
Nickel hyperaccumulation in New Caledonian Hybanthus (Violaceae) and occurrence of nickel-rich phloem in Hybanthus austrocaledonicus
Authors: Paul Adrian L D , Gei Vidiro , Isnard Sandrine , Fogliani Bruno , Echevarria Guillaume , Erskine Peter D , Jaffré Tanguy , Munzinger Jérôme , van der Ent Antony
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims

Hybanthus austrocaledonicus (Violaceae) is a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator endemic to New Caledonia. One of the specimens stored at the local herbarium had a strip of bark with a remarkably green phloem tissue attached to the sheet containing over 4 wt% Ni. This study aimed to collect field samples from the original H. austrocaledonicus locality to confirm the nature of the green ‘nickel-rich phloem’ in this taxon and to systematically assess the occurrence of Ni hyperaccumulation in H. austrocaledonicus and Hybanthus caledonicus populations.

Methods

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy scanning of all collections of the genus Hybanthus (236 specimens) was undertaken at the Herbarium of New Caledonia to reveal incidences of Ni accumulation in populations of H. austrocaledonicus and H. caledonicus. In parallel, micro-analytical investigations were performed via synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS).

Key Results

The extensive scanning demonstrated that Ni hyperaccumulation is not a characteristic common to all populations in the endemic Hybanthus species. Synchrotron XFM revealed that Ni was exclusively concentrated in the epidermal cells of the leaf blade and petiole, conforming with the majority of (tropical) Ni hyperaccumulator plants studied to date. SEM-EDS of freeze-dried and frozen-hydrated samples revealed the presence of dense solid deposits in the phloem bundles that contained >8 wt% nickel.

Conclusions

The occurrence of extremely Ni-rich green phloem tissues appears to be a characteristic feature of tropical Ni hyperaccumulator plants.
Directional change in leaf dry matter δ 13C during leaf development is widespread in C3 plants
Authors: Vogado Nara O , Winter Klaus , Ubierna Nerea , Farquhar Graham D , Cernusak Lucas A
Published: June 2020

Background and aims

The stable carbon isotope ratio of leaf dry matter (δ 13Cp) is generally a reliable recorder of intrinsic water-use efficiency in C3 plants. Here, we investigated a previously reported pattern of developmental change in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion, whereby emerging leaves are initially 13C-enriched compared to mature leaves on the same plant, with their δ 13Cp decreasing during leaf expansion until they eventually take on the δ 13Cp of other mature leaves.

Methods

We compiled data to test whether the difference between mature and young leaf δ 13Cp differs between temperate and tropical species, or between deciduous and evergreen species. We also tested whether the developmental change in δ 13Cp is indicative of a concomitant change in intrinsic water-use efficiency. To gain further insight, we made online measurements of 13C discrimination (∆ 13C) in young and mature leaves.

Key Results

We found that the δ 13Cp difference between mature and young leaves was significantly larger for deciduous than for evergreen species (−2.1 ‰ vs. −1.4 ‰, respectively). Counter to expectation based on the change in δ 13Cp, intrinsic water-use efficiency did not decrease between young and mature leaves; rather, it did the opposite. The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci/ca) was significantly higher in young than in mature leaves (0.86 vs. 0.72, respectively), corresponding to lower intrinsic water-use efficiency. Accordingly, instantaneous ∆ 13C was also higher in young than in mature leaves. Elevated ci/ca and ∆ 13C in young leaves resulted from a combination of low photosynthetic capacity and high day respiration rates.

Conclusion

The decline in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion appears to reflect the addition of the expanding leaf’s own 13C-depleted photosynthetic carbon to that imported from outside the leaf as the leaf develops. This mixing of carbon sources results in an unusual case of isotopic deception: less negative δ 13Cp in young leaves belies their low intrinsic water-use efficiency.
Does masting scale with plant size? High reproductive variability and low synchrony in small and unproductive individuals
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Szymkowiak Jakub , Calama Rafael , Crone Elizabeth E , Espelta Josep M , Lesica Peter , Marino Shealyn , Steele Michael A , Tenhumberg Brigitte , Tyre Andrew , Żywiec Magdalena , Kelly Dave
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims

In a range of plant species, the distribution of individual mean fecundity is skewed and dominated by a few highly fecund individuals. Larger plants produce greater seed crops, but the exact nature of the relationship between size and reproductive patterns is poorly understood. This is especially clear in plants that reproduce by exhibiting synchronized quasi-periodic variation in fruit production, a process called masting.

Methods

We investigated covariation of plant size and fecundity with individual-plant-level masting patterns and seed predation in 12 mast-seeding species: Pinus pinea, Astragalus scaphoides, Sorbus aucuparia, Quercus ilex, Q. humilis, Q. rubra, Q. alba, Q. montana, Chionochloa pallens, C. macra, Celmisia lyallii and Phormium tenax.

Key Results

Fecundity was non-linearly related to masting patterns. Small and unproductive plants frequently failed to produce any seeds, which elevated their annual variation and decreased synchrony. Above a low fecundity threshold, plants had similar variability and synchrony, regardless of their size and productivity.

Conclusions

Our study shows that within-species variation in masting patterns is correlated with variation in fecundity, which in turn is related to plant size. Low synchrony of low-fertility plants shows that the failure years were idiosyncratic to each small plant, which in turn implies that the small plants fail to reproduce because of plant-specific factors (e.g. internal resource limits). Thus, the behaviour of these sub-producers is apparently the result of trade-offs in resource allocation and environmental limits with which the small plants cannot cope. Plant size and especially fecundity and propensity for mast failure years play a major role in determining the variability and synchrony of reproduction in plants.
Urine Tenofovir Levels Measured Using a Novel Immunoassay Predict Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protection
Authors: Stalter Randy M , Baeten Jared M , Donnell Deborah , Spinelli Matthew A , Glidden David V , Rodrigues Warren C , Wang Guohong , Vincent Michael , Mugo Nelly , Mujugira Andrew , Marzinke Mark , Hendrix Craig , Gandhi Monica ,   for the Partners PrEP Study Team, Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M , Donnell Deborah , Coombs Robert W , Lingappa Jairam R , McElrath M Juliana , Fife Kenneth H , Were Edwin , Tumwesigye Elioda , Ndase Patrick , Katabira Elly , Katabira Elly , Ronald Allan , Bukusi Elizabeth , Cohen Craig R , Wangisi Jonathan , Campbell James D , Tappero Jordan W , Kiarie James , Farquhar Carey , John-Stewart Grace , Mugo Nelly R , Ngure Kenneth , Campbell James D , Tappero Jordan W , Wangisi Jonathan
Published: June 2020

New tools are needed to support pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, including those that enable real-time feedback. In a large, completed PrEP trial, adequate urine tenofovir levels measured using a novel immunoassay predicted HIV protection and showed good sensitivity and specificity for detectable plasma tenofovir.
Seasonal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and the Risk of Major Congenital Malformations in Live-born Infants: A 2010–2016 Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Peppa Maria , Thomas Sara L , Minassian Caroline , Walker Jemma L , McDonald Helen I , Andrews Nick J , Kempley Stephen T , Mangtani Punam
Published: June 2020

Background

Available evidence indicates that seasonal inactivated influenza vaccination during pregnancy protects both the mother and her newborn and is safe. Nevertheless, ongoing safety assessments are important in sustaining vaccine uptake. Few studies have explored safety in relation to major congenital malformations (MCMs), particularly in the first trimester when most organogenesis occurs.

Methods

Anonymized UK primary care data (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink), including a recently developed Pregnancy Register, were used to identify live-born singletons delivered between 2010 and 2016. Maternal influenza vaccination was determined using primary care records and stratified by trimester. Ascertainment of MCMs from infant primary care records was maximized by linkage to hospitalization data and death certificates. The relationship between vaccination and MCMs recorded in the year after delivery and in early childhood was then assessed using multivariable Cox regression.

Results

A total of 78 150 live-birth pregnancies were identified: 6872 (8.8%) were vaccinated in the first trimester, 11 678 (14.9%) in the second, and 12 931 (16.5%) in the third. Overall, 5707 live births resulted in an infant with an MCM recorded in the year after delivery and the adjusted hazard ratio when comparing first-trimester vaccination to no vaccination was 1.06 (99% CI, .94–1.19; P = .2). Results were similar for second- and third-trimester vaccination and for analyses considering MCMs recorded beyond the first birthday.

Conclusions

In this large, population-based historical cohort study there was no evidence to suggest that seasonal influenza vaccine was associated with MCMs when given in the first trimester or subsequently in pregnancy.
The impact of age on patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Madhavan Anantha , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Navidi Maziar , Wahed S , Immanuel Arul , Hayes Nick , Griffin S Michael , Phillips Alexander W
Published: June 2020

To compare long-term and short-term outcomes in patients <70 years old with those ≥ 70 years old, who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy for carcinoma. With an ageing population more patients, with increasing co-morbidities are being diagnosed with potentially curable esophageal cancer. Concerns exist regarding offering older patients esophagectomy, conversely undue prejudice may exists that may prevent surgery being offered. Consecutive patients from a single unit between January 2000 and July 2016 that underwent trans-thoracic esophagectomy with or without neoadjuvant treatment for carcinoma were included. Short-term outcomes including morbidity, mortality, length of stay and long-term survival were compared between those <70 and those ≥ 70. This study identified 992 patients who underwent esophagectomy during the study period, of which 302 (30%) ≥ 70 years old. Greater proportion ≥ 70 years old had SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) (23%) than <70 (18%) (p = 0.07). Patients ≥ 70 years old were noted to have higher ASA Grade 3 (34% vs 25%, p = 0.004) and were less likely to receive neoadjuvant treatment (64% vs 45% p<0.001). Length of stay was longer in ≥ 70 (14 vs 17 days p<0.001), and there were more complications (63% vs 75% p<0.001). In hospital mortality was higher in ≥ 70 (2% vs 5% p = 0.026). Overall survival was 50 months in <70 vs 36 months in ≥ 70 (p = <0.001). In <70s with adenocarcinoma, overall survival was 52 months vs 35 months in the ≥ 70 (p<0.001). No significant difference in survival in patients with SCC, 49 months in <70 vs 54 months in ≥ 70 (p = 0.711). Increased peri-operative morbidity and mortality combined with the reduction in the long term survival in the over 70s cohort should be addressed when counselling patients undergoing curative resection for oesophageal cancer.
P1383Procedural differences during de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation with a contact force-sensing ablation catheter between Europe and U.S
Authors: Ramanna H , Lloret J L , Zahwe F , Porterfield C , Trines S , Djajadisastra I , Gibson D , Gururaj A , Alizadeh Dehnavi R , Raine D , James S , Razak E , Oommen S , Tao C , Olson N
Published: June 2020

Background

Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is considered the standard approach of atrial fibrillation ablation worldwide, procedural practice during the ablation varies by geographical region. Using the same magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing ablation catheter for the treatment of de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a comparison of procedural detail between Europe and U.S operators can provide insights into geographic specific clinical practices. 

Purpose

To characterize and compare procedural differences during paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation performed with a magnetic sensor enabled contact force-sensing catheter across European and U.S. centers. 

Methods

Procedural data were prospectively collected in clinical cases performed with a new magnetic sensor enabled, contact force ablation catheter within the first 6 months of use at participating centers in Europe and the U.S. Procedure time, PVI time, PVI confirmation method, fluoroscopy usage and lesion delivery parameters were analyzed based on geographies. 

Results

A total of 131 cases across 35 centers in 11 European countries, and 95 cases across 26 U.S. centers were analyzed. Target geometry was created with the ablation catheter in 94 out of 131 (71.8%) European cases, while only 5 out of 95 U.S. cases (5.3%) reported the use of the ablation catheter for model creation. Although a steerable sheath (64.1% and 67.3%) was commonly used with the ablation catheter in both geographies, difference in the utilization of bidirectional contact force catheter (52.7% and 90.5%) and the automated lesion marking module (76.3% and 81.1%) were observed in European and U.S. cases, respectively. The use of adenosine or isoproterenol to confirm PVI was reported in 25% and 64% of the European and U.S. cases. Average waiting periods were 18.2 minutes and 26.5 minutes from reported European and U.S. cases. Total procedural time, mapping time, and fluoroscopy time were similar between European and U.S. cases. (Table). First pass PVI were 66.4% and 72.6% for European and U.S. cases, respectively.

Conclusion

Total procedural time and RF time were similar between European and U.S. cases during de novo paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation using the same ablation catheter. Differences in workflow including the use of a mapping catheter for geometry creation and waiting period were observed between the two geographies.

Summary of procedural details De novo PAF N Procedural time(min) Mapping time (min) PVI time (min) Total RF time (min) Fluoro time( min) Europe 131 144.0 ± 56.9 16.6 ± 17.1 69.8 ± 35.0 33.2 ± 15.6 11.6 ± 10.1 U.S. 95 137.6 ± 64.8 18.1 ± 23.5 58.8 ± 31.5 32.3 ± 22.2 12.0 ± 15.8
P936Atrial remodeling in rat hearts after exposure to high-intensity infrasound
Authors: Lousinha A , Pereira G , Borrecho G , Brito J , Oliveira De Carvalho A , Freitas D , Oliveira P , Oliveira M J , Antunes E
Published: June 2020

Background

Noise is an important environmental risk factor. Industrial environments are rich in high-intensity infrasound (hi-IFS), which we have found to induce myocardial and coronary perivascular fibrosis in rats. Recently, a significant association between noise exposure and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was found in large cohort studies but the pathophysiology is unclear. Atrial fibrosis remains the cornerstone of atrial pathology in AF. Purpose: We hypothesized that rats exposed to hi-IFS develop atrial remodeling involving fibrosis and connexin 43, which we sought to evaluate. Material and Methods: Seventy-two Wistar rats, half exposed to hi-IFS (120dB, <20Hz) during a maximum period of 12 weeks and half age-matched controls, were studied. Atrial fibrosis was analyzed by Chromotrope-aniline blue staining. The immunohistochemical evaluation of Cx43 was performed using the polyclonal antibody connexin-43m diluted 1:1000 at 4ºC overnight. Digitized images were obtained with an optical microscope using 400× magnifications. The measurements were performed using image J software. A two-way ANOVA model was used to compare the groups. Results: The mean values of the ratio "atrial fibrosis / cardiomyocytes" increased to a maximum of 0,1095 ± 0,04 and 0,5408 ± 0,01, and of the ratio "CX43 / cardiomyocytes" decreased to 0,0834 ± 0,03 and 0,0966 ± 0,03, respectively in IFS-exposed rats and controls. IFS-exposed rats exhibited a significantly higher ratio of fibrosis (p < 0,001) and lower ratio of Cx43 (p = 0,009). Conclusion: High-intensity infrasound exposure triggers atrial remodeling in rat hearts. Whether this finding correlates to arrhythmogenic substrate in noise induced-AF is not known and reinforces the need for further experimental studies.

Table 1 Time of exposure (weeks) Group IFS (n = 36) Group CTL (n = 36) P value Ratio of atrial fibrosis / cardiomyocytesMean ± SD 1 0,0896 ± 0,04 0,0460 ± 0,03 0,007 6 0,0936 ± 0,03 0,0491 ± 0,01 0,001 12 0,1095 ± 0,04 0,0541 ± 0,01 0,001 Ratio of atrial CX43 / cardiomyocytesMean ± SD 1 0,1100 ± 0,03 0,1371 ± 0,03 0,047 6 0,0829 ± 0,04 0,1036 ± 0,03 0,170 12 0,0834 ± 0,03 0,0966 ± 0,03 0,259 Mean ± SD of the two measured outcomes in the two groups. IFS – Infrasound; CTL – Control; SD – standard deviation; Cx43 – Connexin 43

Abstract Figure. Atrial fibrosis and Cx43 /cardiomyocytes