bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to their Corresponding Alcohols
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: January 2020

Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is an important organic reaction for the synthesis of alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, and so on. Selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols is particularly important because alcohols are useful and valuable chemicals. However, the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is difficult due to the low reactivity of the carboxy group and the acidic property, which require rational design of catalysts. Up to now, various effective homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been intensively developed, and remarkable advances have been made in heterogeneous catalysts. In this minireview, recent progress (2010 and after) on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols, particularly for monocarboxylic acids to mono primary alcohols, is reviewed. The reported literatures were categorized in terms of catalyst systems, such as monometallic catalysts and bimetallic catalysts. The characteristics, particularly the structure of active sites, reaction mechanism and stability, were introduced.
Behavioral predictors of pairing success in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: MacAllister Rhonda P. , Heagerty Allison , Coleman Kristine
Published: January 2020

Pair housing is one of the most important components of behavioral management for caged macaques; however, it can result in aggression and injury if partners are incompatible. Knowing when to proceed and when to stop social introductions can be challenging, and can have consequences for the partners. We examined whether behavior early in social introductions predicted success (i.e., partners remained cohoused with full contact for at least 28 days) in 724 female–female and 477 male–male rhesus macaque pairs. We took cage side one–zero focal observations on pairs during the first 2 days of full contact, recording social and aggressive behaviors. The majority of pairs (79.6% of female and 83.0% of male) were successful. The most common behaviors exhibited by pairs during these observations were maintaining proximity, tandem threats, and anxiety. Mounting was also relatively common in male pairs. Grooming and close social contact (e.g., touching) were not common in our study. Several behaviors observed on Day 1 significantly predicted pairing success. For females, these included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and groom. Day 1 predictors of success for male pairs included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and social contact. Fewer behaviors predicted success on Day 2. Maintaining proximity on Day 2 predicted success for both sexes, but tandem threat predicted success only for females. Behaviors that predicted incompatibility for females on Day 1 included displace, grimace, threat, bite, and other aggressive contacts. Day 1 predictors of separation for male pairs were displaced, grimace, and abnormal behavior. The only Day 2 behavior that correlated with incompatibility was grimace, which was predictive for males. Interestingly, aggression did not predict incompatibility for male pairs. Identifying behaviors exhibited by monkeys early in the pair introduction that are predictive of long‐term compatibility can shape pairing decisions, reducing later stress and potential injury.
Impairment of the Glymphatic Pathway and Putative Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in the Aging Human
Authors: Zhou Ying , Cai Jinsong , Zhang Wenhua , Gong Xiaoxian , Yan Shenqiang , Zhang Kemeng , Luo Zhongyu , Sun Jianzhong , Jiang Quan , Lou Min
Published: January 2020

Objective

Aging is a major risk factor for numerous neurological disorders, and the mechanisms underlying brain aging remain elusive. Recent animal studies demonstrated a tight relationship between impairment of the glymphatic pathway, meningeal lymphatic vessels, and aging. However, the relationship in the human brain remains uncertain.

Methods

In this observational cohort study, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and at multiple time points after intrathecal administration of a contrast agent. Head T1‐weighted imaging was performed to assess the function of the glymphatic pathway and head high‐resolution T2–fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging to visualize putative meningeal lymphatic vessels (pMLVs). We measured the signal unit ratio (SUR) of 6 locations in the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, defined the percentage change in SUR from baseline to 39 hours as the clearance of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, and then analyzed their relationships with aging.

Results

In all patients (N = 35), the SUR of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs changed significantly after intrathecal injection of the contrast agent. The clearance of both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs was related to aging (all p < 0.05). The clearance of pMLVs was significantly related to the clearance of the glymphatic pathway (all p < 0.05), and the clearance of the glymphatic pathway was significantly faster in patients with early filling of pMLVs than those with late filling (all p < 0.05).

Interpretation

We revealed that both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs might be impaired in the aging human brain through the novel, clinically available method to simultaneously visualize their clearance. Our findings also support that in humans, pMLVs are the downstream of the glymphatic pathway. Ann Neurol 2020;87:357–369
Chain Transfer to Toluene in Styrene Coordination Polymerization
Authors: Lin Fei , Liu Zhaohe , Wang Meiyan , Liu Bo , Li Shihui , Cui Dongmei
Published: January 2020

The chain‐transfer reaction is rather important in coordination polymerization regarding catalytic efficiency, adjustment of molecular weight, and control of chain structure. To date, chain transfer to H2 and Al, Mg, and Zn alkyl compounds and β‐H elimination are the commonly encountered modes. Now a novel chain transfer to toluene is reported. By introducing fluorine atoms into the β‐diketimine ligands, an inert catalytic system for styrene (St) coordination polymerization was transferred into the highly active one. The activity increased with an increase in the number of fluorines in the ligands. Surprisingly, the molecular weights of resultant polystyrenes are very low (Mn=2000–6600 Da) despite of St loadings, corresponding up to 121 chains per active species. The mechanisms were investigated by DFT simulation, MALDI‐TOF MS, isotope tracing experiment and 2D NMR spectrum analyses, which revealed that the fluorine activated the polymerization and directed chain transfer to toluene.
Functional Disruption of the Cancer‐Relevant Interaction between Survivin and Histone H3 with a Guanidiniocarbonyl Pyrrole Ligand
Authors: Vallet Cecilia , Aschmann Dennis , Beuck Christine , Killa Matthias , Meiners Annika , Mertel Marcel , Ehlers Martin , Bayer Peter , Schmuck Carsten , Giese Michael , Knauer Shirley K.
Published: January 2020

The protein Survivin is highly upregulated in most cancers and considered to be a key player in carcinogenesis. We explored a supramolecular approach to address Survivin as a drug target by inhibiting the protein–protein interaction of Survivin and its functionally relevant binding partner Histone H3. Ligand L1 is based on the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole cation and serves as a highly specific anion binder in order to target the interaction between Survivin and Histone H3. NMR titration confirmed binding of L1 to Survivin's Histone H3 binding site. The inhibition of the Survivin–Histone H3 interaction and consequently a reduction of cancer cell proliferation were demonstrated by microscopic and cellular assays.
Hydrogen production and photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/Co‐MOF (ZIF‐67) nanocomposite under visible light irradiation
Authors: Devarayapalli K.C. , Vattikuti S.V. Prabhakar , Sreekanth T.V.M. , Yoo Ki Soo , Nagajyothi P.C. , Shim Jaesool
Published: January 2020

Herein, cobalt (Co)‐based metal–organic zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIF‐67) coupled with g‐C3N4 nanosheets synthesized via a simple microwave irradiation method. SEM, TEM and HR‐TEM results showed that ZIF‐67 were uniformly dispersed on g‐C3N4 surfaces and had a rhombic dodecahedron shape. The photocatalytic properties of g‐C3N4/ZIF‐67 nanocomposite were evaluated by photocatalytic dye degradation of crystal violet (CV), 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production. In presence of visible light illumination, the photocatalytic dye results showed that 95% CV degradation and 53% 4‐CP degradation within 80 min. The H2 production of the g‐C3N4/ZIF‐67 composite was 2084 μmol g−1, which is 3.84 folds greater than that of bare g‐C3N4 (541 μmol g−1).
Cost‐effective bio‐derived mesoporous carbon nanoparticles‐supported palladium catalyst for nitroarene reduction and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling by microwave approach
Authors: Supriya S. , Ananthnag Guddekoppa S. , Shetti Vijayendra S. , Nagaraja B.M. , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: January 2020

A new heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by immobilizing Pd on areca nut kernel‐derived carbon nanospheres (CNSs). The CNSs, without any further activation processes, accommodated 3% of Pd on their surface. The new Pd/CNS material was used for the reduction of nitroarenes and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of bromoarenes with aryl boronic acids. The reactions were conducted under microwave irradiation at 160 °C using 12 mol% of Pd/CNS (0.36% actual Pd content). The reduction of nitroarenes into their respective amino compounds was achieved in 10–20 min (conversion up to 100%); by contrast, the Suzuki–Miyaura reactions yielded up to 98% at 150 °C with 10 mol% of Pd/CNS catalyst. The products were identified using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The catalyst was isolated from reaction mixture and reused without any significant loss in the activity. Thus, the present work introduces one‐pot‐derived porous CNSs as efficient catalytic support to Pd, establishing an alternative to existing Pd/C in terms of cost and efficiency.
High‐electromagnetic‐shielding cotton fabric prepared using multiwall carbon nanotubes/nickel–phosphorus electroless plating
Authors: Qi Qingbin , Wang Yu , Ding Xiaodong , Wang Wei , Xu Rui , Yu Dan
Published: January 2020

High‐electromagnetic‐shielding cotton fabric (CF) was prepared using carboxyl‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH)/nickel–phosphorus (Ni‐P) electroless plating. Firstly, MWCNTs‐COOH was loaded on CF used to chelate the metal catalyst followed by electroless plating to impart outstanding electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties. The intermediate MWCNTs‐COOH layer not only improves the bonding strength via the chelating effect, but also can be used as a conductive material. This synergistic action of MWCNTs‐COOH and Ni‐P layer can work together to improve the electromagnetic interference shielding performance. The features of Ni‐P/MWCNTs‐COOH/CF were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The resulting Ni‐P/MWCNTs‐COOH/CF fabrics show high surface resistance of 1.66 Ω sq−1 and robust electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 40.2 dB. Furthermore, benefiting from the strong interface interaction, the as‐prepared composite fabrics retain stable performances after undergoing a series of physical and chemical tests, confirming promising practical applications even under harsh conditions.
Methods for broad‐scale plant phenology assessments using citizen scientists’ photographs
Authors: Barve Vijay V. , Brenskelle Laura , Li Daijiang , Stucky Brian J. , Barve Narayani V. , Hantak Maggie M. , McLean Bryan S. , Paluh Daniel J. , Oswald Jessica A. , Belitz Michael W. , Folk Ryan A. , Guralnick Robert P.
Published: January 2020

Premise

Citizen science platforms for sharing photographed digital vouchers, such as iNaturalist, are a promising source of phenology data, but methods and best practices for use have not been developed. Here we introduce methods using Yucca flowering phenology as a case study, because drivers of Yucca phenology are not well understood despite the need to synchronize flowering with obligate pollinators. There is also evidence of recent anomalous winter flowering events, but with unknown spatiotemporal extents.

Methods

We collaboratively developed a rigorous, consensus‐based approach for annotating and sharing whole plant and flower presence data from iNaturalist and applied it to Yucca records. We compared spatiotemporal flowering coverage from our annotations with other broad‐scale monitoring networks (e.g., the National Phenology Network) in order to determine the unique value of photograph‐based citizen science resources.

Results

Annotations from iNaturalist were uniquely able to delineate extents of unusual flowering events in Yucca. These events, which occurred in two different regions of the Desert Southwest, did not appear to disrupt the typical‐period flowering.

Discussion

Our work demonstrates that best practice approaches to scoring iNaturalist records provide fine‐scale delimitation of phenological events. This approach can be applied to other plant groups to better understand how phenology responds to changing climate.
Variation in the pH of experimental diets affects the performance ofLymantria dispar asiaticalarvae and its gut microbiota
Authors: Zeng Jian‐Yong , Shi Jiang‐Hong , Guo Jia‐Xing , Shi Zhong‐Bin , Zhang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2020

To study dietary pH effects onLymantria dispar asiaticalarvae and provide a theoretical basis for its control in different forests, phosphate buffers (PBs) of pH 6, 7, and 8 were used to prepare experimental diets. The diet prepared with pH 6 PB was named as DPB6, with pH 8 PB as DPB8, and with pH 7 PB as DPB7 (control). The dietary pH was 5.00 in DPB6, 6.05 in control, and 6.50 in DPB8. After feeding on the diets with different pH values for 84 hr, fourth‐instar caterpillars were randomly collected. Growth and various physiological traits were determined and 16S recombinant DNA sequencing was performed using the intestinal microflora of surviving larvae. Results showed that the mortality was 30% in DPB6, and 10% in DPB8, while no mortality was observed in control. The partial least squares discriminant analyses suggested that diets prepared with PB of different pH resulted in different food intake, amount of produced feces, weight gain, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities in larvae. Interestingly, both the highest weight gain and the lowest total antioxidant capacities were seen in control larvae. Results also showed that the larval gut microbiota community structure was significantly affected by dietary pH. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis effect size suggested that the family Acetobacteraceae in control, genusPrevotellain DPB8, and genusLactococcus, family Flavobacteriaceae, family Mitochondria, and family Burkholderiaceae in DPB6 contributed to the diversity of the larval gut microbial community.
Propafenone analogue with additional H‐bond acceptor group shows increased inhibitory activity on P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Cseke Anna , Schwarz Theresa , Jain Sankalp , Decker Simon , Vogl Kerstin , Urban Ernst , Ecker Gerhard F.
Published: January 2020

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an ATP‐dependent efflux pump that has a marked impact on the absorption, distribution, and excretion of therapeutic drugs. As P‐gp inhibition can result in drug–drug interactions and altered drug bioavailability, identifying molecular properties that are linked to inhibition is of great interest in drug development. In this study, we combined chemical synthesis, in vitro testing, quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis, and docking studies to investigate the role of hydrogen bond (H‐bond) donor/acceptor properties in transporter–ligand interaction. In a previous work, it has been shown that propafenone analogs with a 4‐hydroxy‐4‐piperidine moiety exhibit a generally 10‐fold higher P‐gp inhibitory activity than expected based on their lipophilicity. Here, we specifically expanded the data set by introducing substituents at position 4 of the 4‐phenylpiperidine moiety to assess the importance of H‐bond donor/acceptor features in this region. The results suggest that indeed an H‐bond acceptor, such as hydroxy and methoxy, increases the affinity by forming a H‐bond with Tyr310.
New historical data on the Teutonic Order crusades in Prussia: geophysical and archaeological research into an earth‐and‐timber stronghold and city of the 1230s at Starogród, northern‐central Poland
Authors: Wiewióra Marcin , Wasik Bogusz , Molewski Paweł , Misiewicz Krzysztof , Małkowski Wiesław , Bogacki Miron
Published: January 2020

In 2016–2018 in Starogród, in historical Chełmno Land in northern‐central Poland, remains were discovered of a stronghold (convent house) of the Knights of the Teutonic Order that was founded in the 1230s. After a search lasting more than 100 years, remains were also discovered of the oldest and repeatedly translocated city of Chełmno, which was founded by the German Knights at the same time. Non‐invasive and archaeological studies were conducted as part of the project Castra Terrae Culmensis, at the edges of the Christian world, whose main aim was to answer central questions concerning the beginnings of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. One specific goal was to discover the oldest location of the aforementioned city, founded in 1232. The article presents the results of geophysical, archaeological and geomatic analyses that confirm historical records in the fourteenth‐century German Chronicle and helped to piece together the history of the place where one of the oldest Teutonic Order earth‐and‐timber strongholds and cities chartered under Chełmno Law stood.
A turn‐on luminescence probe for highly selective detection of an anthrax biomarker
Authors: Liu Xiao , Chen Dong , Wang Chenchen , Tian Nianjuan , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Ying , Ding Zhi‐Jun
Published: January 2020

Highly selective detection of Bacillus anthrax spores has attracted worldwide attention because Bacillus anthrax spores not only are harmful to the health of human beings and animals, but also can be used as biological warfare agents. Here, we report a simple platform by mixing EuCl3·6H2O and sodium polyacrylate in aqueous solution and further investigate its luminescence response towards Bacillus anthrax biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA) as a turn‐on luminescence probe. Importantly, our probe has good sensitivity, lower detection limit, excellent selectivity as well as great anti‐interference ability due to the great luminescence enhancement of Eu3+. Moreover, a test paper is constructed to realize the purpose of portable detection. These results indicate that our probe is an excellent candidate for sensing DPA.
Effect of footplate neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional and quality-of-life parameters in patients with peripheral artery disease: pilot, and subsequent randomized clinical trial
Authors: Babber A , Ravikumar R , Onida S , Lane T R A , Davies A H
Published: January 2020

Background

Supervised exercise programmes for intermittent claudication have poor access and limited compliance. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be an effective alternative. A proof-of-concept study and RCT were conducted.

Methods

In study 1, eligible patients underwent baseline assessment; treadmill testing for initial (ICD) and maximum (MCD) claudication distance; EuroQoL Five Dimensions five-level instrument (EQ-5D-5L™) and Intermittent Claudication Questionnaire (ICQ) assessment; and measurement of ultrasound haemodynamics of the superficial femoral artery. After familiarization with the NMES device, participants underwent a 30-min session of stimulation with concomitant recording of haemodynamic measures at 15 min, and after device cessation. Measurements were repeated after 6 weeks of daily use of NMES. In study 2, consecutive patients underwent baseline assessment before online randomization to a supervised exercise programme only, or adjunctive NMES treatment for 6 weeks, followed by repeat measurements.

Results

Study 1 (20 patients) showed a significant improvement in MCD (46 per cent; P < 0·001) and ICD (71 per cent; P < 0·001). The RCT (42 patients) showed a significant adjunctive benefit of NMES in ICD (46 per cent; P = 0·014). Improvements were seen in the ICQ (9 points; P = 0·009) and EQ-5D-5L™ (P = 0·007) in study 1, and there was a significant adjunctive benefit of NMES on the ICQ score in patients who did supervised exercise (11·2 points; P = 0·031). Blood volume flow and time-adjusted mean velocity increased significantly with the device on (P < 0·050). Overall, NMES compliance exceeded 95 per cent.

Conclusion

Footplate NMES significantly improved walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication when used independently and also as an adjunct to supervised exercise. Registration number: trial 1, NCT02436200; trial 2, NCT02429310 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Prevention of biliary fistula after partial hepatectomy by transcystic biliary drainage: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Maulat C , Regimbeau J-M , Buc E , Boleslawski E , Belghiti J , Hardwigsen J , Vibert E , Delpero J-R , Tournay E , Arnaud C , Suc B , Pessaux P , Muscari F
Published: January 2020

Background

Biliary fistula is one of the most common complications after hepatectomy. This study evaluated the effect of transcystic biliary drainage during hepatectomy on the occurrence of postoperative biliary fistula.

Methods

This multicentre RCT was carried out from 2009 to 2016 in nine centres. Patients were randomized to transcystic biliary drainage or no transcystic drainage (control). Patients underwent hepatectomy (more than 2 segments) of non-cirrhotic livers. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of biliary fistula after surgery. Secondary endpoints were morbidity, postoperative mortality, duration of hospital stay, reoperation, readmission to hospital, and complications caused by catheters. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 310 patients were randomized. In intention-to-treat analysis, there were 158 patients in the transcystic group and 149 in the control group. Seven patients were removed from the per-protocol analysis owing to protocol deviations. The biliary fistula rate was 5·9 per cent in intention-to-treat and 6·0 per cent in per-protocol analyses. The rate was similar in the transcystic and control groups (5·7 versus 6·0 per cent; P = 1·000). There were no differences in terms of morbidity (49·4 versus 46·3 per cent; P = 0·731), mortality (2·5 versus 4·7 per cent; P = 0·367) and reoperations (4·4 versus 10·1 per cent; P = 1·000). Median duration of hospital stay was longer in the transcystic group (11 versus 10 days; P = 0·042). The biliary fistula risk was associated with the width and length of the hepatic cut surface.

Conclusion

This randomized trial did not demonstrate superiority of transcystic drainage during hepatectomy in preventing biliary fistula. The use of transcystic drainage during hepatectomy to prevent postoperative biliary fistula is not recommended. Registration number: NCT01469442 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Impact of cirrhosis in patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection in a nationwide multicentre survey
Authors: Hobeika C , Fuks D , Cauchy F , Goumard C , Soubrane O , Gayet B , Salamé E , Cherqui D , Vibert E , Scatton O ,   the AFC-LLR-2018 study group, Nomi T , Oudafal N , Kawai T , Komatsu S , Okumura S , Petrucciani N , Laurent A , Bucur P , Barbier L , Trechot B , Nunèz J , Tedeschi M , Allard M-A , Golse N , Ciacio O , Pittau G , Cunha A Sa , Adam R , Laurent C , Chiche L , Leourier P , Rebibo L , Regimbeau J-M , Ferre L , Souche F R , Chauvat J , Fabre J-M , Jehaes F , Mohkam K , Lesurtel M , Ducerf C , Mabrut J-Y , Hor T , Paye F , Balladur P , Suc B , Muscari F , Millet G , El Amrani M , Ratajczak C , Lecolle K , Boleslawski E , Truant S , Pruvot F-R , Kianmanesh A-R , Codjia T , Schwarz L , Girard E , Abba J , Letoublon C , Chirica M , Carmelo A , VanBrugghe C , Cherkaoui Z , Unterteiner X , Memeo R , Pessaux P , Buc E , Lermite E , Barbieux J , Bougard M , Marchese U , Ewald J , Turini O , Thobie A , Menahem B , Mulliri A , Lubrano J , Zemour J , Fagot H , Passot G , Gregoire E , Hardwigsen J , Treut Y-P , Patrice D
Published: January 2020

Background

The aim was to analyse the impact of cirrhosis on short-term outcomes after laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in a multicentre national cohort study.

Methods

This retrospective study included all patients undergoing LLR in 27 centres between 2000 and 2017. Cirrhosis was defined as F4 fibrosis on pathological examination. Short-term outcomes of patients with and without liver cirrhosis were compared after propensity score matching by centre volume, demographic and tumour characteristics, and extent of resection.

Results

Among 3150 patients included, LLR was performed in 774 patients with (24·6 per cent) and 2376 (75·4 per cent) without cirrhosis. Severe complication and mortality rates in patients with cirrhosis were 10·6 and 2·6 per cent respectively. Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) developed in 3·6 per cent of patients with cirrhosis and was the major cause of death (11 of 20 patients). After matching, patients with cirrhosis tended to have higher rates of severe complications (odds ratio (OR) 1·74, 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 3·41; P = 0·096) and PHLF (OR 7·13, 0·91 to 323·10; P = 0·068) than those without cirrhosis. They also had a higher risk of death (OR 5·13, 1·08 to 48·61; P = 0·039). Rates of cardiorespiratory complications (P = 0·338), bile leakage (P = 0·286) and reoperation (P = 0·352) were similar in the two groups. Patients with cirrhosis had a longer hospital stay than those without (11 versus 8 days; P = 0·018). Centre expertise was an independent protective factor against PHLF in patients with cirrhosis (OR 0·33, 0·14 to 0·76; P = 0·010).

Conclusion

Underlying cirrhosis remains an independent risk factor for impaired outcomes in patients undergoing LLR, even in expert centres.
Guidelines for treatment of umbilical and epigastric hernias from the European Hernia Society and Americas Hernia Society
Authors: Henriksen N A , Montgomery A , Kaufmann R , Berrevoet F , East B , Fischer J , Hope W , Klassen D , Lorenz R , Renard Y , Garcia Urena M A , Simons M P
Published: January 2020

Background

Umbilical and epigastric hernia repairs are frequently performed surgical procedures with an expected low complication rate. Nevertheless, the optimal method of repair with best short- and long-term outcomes remains debatable. The aim was to develop guidelines for the treatment of umbilical and epigastric hernias.

Methods

The guideline group consisted of surgeons from Europe and North America including members from the European Hernia Society and the Americas Hernia Society. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) critical appraisal checklists, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument were used. A systematic literature search was done on 1 May 2018, and updated on 1 February 2019.

Results

Literature reporting specifically on umbilical and epigastric hernias was limited in quantity and quality, resulting in a majority of the recommendations being graded as weak, based on low-quality evidence. The main recommendation was to use mesh for repair of umbilical and epigastric hernias to reduce the recurrence rate. Most umbilical and epigastric hernias may be repaired by an open approach with a preperitoneal flat mesh. A laparoscopic approach may be considered if the hernia defect is large, or if the patient has an increased risk of wound morbidity.

Conclusion

This is the first European and American guideline on the treatment of umbilical and epigastric hernias. It is recommended that symptomatic umbilical and epigastric hernias are repaired by an open approach with a preperitoneal flat mesh.
EHS and AHS guidelines for treatment of primary ventral hernias in rare locations or special circumstances
Authors: Henriksen N A , Kaufmann R , Simons M P , Berrevoet F , East B , Fischer J , Hope W , Klassen D , Lorenz R , Renard Y , Garcia Urena M A , Montgomery A
Published: January 2020

Background

Rare locations of hernias, as well as primary ventral hernias under certain circumstances (cirrhosis, dialysis, rectus diastasis, subsequent pregnancy), might be technically challenging. The aim was to identify situations where the treatment strategy might deviate from routine management.

Methods

The guideline group consisted of surgeons from the European and Americas Hernia Societies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in formulating the recommendations. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) critical appraisal checklists were used to evaluate the quality of full-text papers. A systematic literature search was performed on 1 May 2018 and updated 1 February 2019. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument was followed.

Results

Literature was limited in quantity and quality. A majority of the recommendations were graded as weak, based on low quality of evidence. In patients with cirrhosis or on dialysis, a preperitoneal mesh repair is suggested. Subsequent pregnancy is a risk factor for recurrence. Repair should be postponed until after the last pregnancy. For patients with a concomitant rectus diastasis or those with a Spigelian or lumbar hernia, no recommendation could be made for treatment strategy owing to lack of evidence.

Conclusion

This is the first European and American guideline on the treatment of umbilical and epigastric hernias in patients with special conditions, including Spigelian and lumbar hernias. All recommendations were weak owing to a lack of evidence. Further studies are needed on patients with rectus diastasis, Spigelian and lumbar hernias.
OSdlbcl: An online consensus survival analysis web server based on gene expression profiles of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Dong Huan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Guosen , Li Ning , Yang Mengsi , An Yang , Xie Longxiang , Li Huimin , Zhang Lu , Zhu Wan , Zhao Shuchun , Zhang Haiyu , Guo Xiangqian
Published: January 2020

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is a clinical, pathological, and molecular heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical outcomes. Currently, valid prognostic biomarkers in DLBCL are still lacking. To optimize targeted therapy and improve the prognosis of DLBCL, the performance of proposed biomarkers needs to be evaluated in multiple cohorts, and new biomarkers need to be investigated in large datasets. Here, we developed a consensus Online Survival analysis web server for Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma, abbreviated OSdlbcl, to assess the prognostic value of individual gene. To build OSdlbcl, we collected 1100 samples with gene expression profiles and clinical follow‐up information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In addition, DNA mutation data were also collected from the TCGA database. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), disease‐free interval (DFI), and progression‐free interval (PFI) are important endpoints to reflect the survival rate in OSdlbcl. Moreover, clinical features were integrated into OSdlbcl to allow data stratifications according to the user's special needs. By inputting an official gene symbol and selecting desired criteria, the survival analysis results can be graphically presented by the Kaplan‐Meier (KM) plot with hazard ratio (HR) and log‐rank p value. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the prognostic value of 23 previously reported survival associated biomarkers, such as transcription factors FOXP1 and BCL2, was evaluated in OSdlbcl and found to be significantly associated with survival as reported (HR = 1.73, P < .01; HR = 1.47, P = .03, respectively). In conclusion, OSdlbcl is a new web server that integrates public gene expression, gene mutation data, and clinical follow‐up information to provide prognosis evaluations for biomarker development for DLBCL. The OSdlbcl web server is available at https://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/DLBCL/DLBCLList.jsp.
The Effects of Goal Publicity and Self‐Monitoring on Escalation of Goal Commitment
Authors: Jiao Jinfeng , Cole Catherine A.
Published: January 2020

The current research examines whether the public or private nature of consumer goals affects goal‐commitment escalation following initial goal failure. In particular, the authors explore the moderating role of self‐monitoring. Across three experiments, the authors demonstrate that high self‐monitors are more likely to persist following a public failure than a private failure. However, the public versus private nature of the goal failure does not affect low self‐monitors’ persistence. The authors also explore two boundary conditions for this effect by manipulating the timing of feedback and by testing the role of the perceived value of the incentive for achieving the goal. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and managerial insights from this work.
Recurrent severe hypophosphatemia following intravenous iron administration
Authors: Nataatmadja Melissa Stephanie , Francis Ross
Published: January 2020

Key Clinical Message

Hypophosphatemia postintravenous iron is frequent but under‐recognized. If prolonged or recurrent, it can cause osteomalacia. The likely mechanisms are direct toxicity to proximal tubular cells causing phosphate wasting, elevated Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23), and reduced 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). Hypophosphatemia may be severe and persist for months, necessitating phosphate replacement until normalization of serum levels occurs.
Polyol Synthesis of Ag/BN Nanohybrids and their Catalytic Stability in CO Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Konopatsky Anton S. , Leybo Denis V. , Firestein Konstantin L. , Chepkasov Ilya V. , Popov Zakhar I. , Permyakova Elizaveta S. , Volkov Ilia N. , Kovalskii Andrey M. , Matveev Andrei T. , Shtansky Dmitry V. , Golberg Dmitri V.
Published: January 2020

Polyol method provides variety of options for microstructure control of a synthesized material. The present study aims to demonstrate that in case of Ag/h‐BN nanohybrid fabrication the synthesis time requires precise tuning. Nonlinear correlation between synthesis time and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) formation and deposition is found and discussed. Catalytic stability of the studied system toward carbon monoxide oxidation is investigated for the first time. Two stages of catalytic activity decrease are found and associated with the sintering of AgNPs of the certain size. Correlations between Ag content, particle size distribution and temperature of complete CO conversion allow us to conclude that AgNPs, which size is below the critical value (3 nm), have a decisive role in Ag/BN nanohybrid catalytic performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations uncover the mechanism behind the increased catalytic activity of smaller AgNPs and highlight an importance of the Ag/BN interfacial regions.
Recent Advances in Continuous‐Flow Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Yu Tao , Ding Zhengwei , Nie Wenzheng , Jiao Jiao , Zhang Hailong , Zhang Qian , Xue Chao , Duan Xinhua , Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Li Pengfei
Published: January 2020

The increased demand for more efficient, safe, and green production in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry calls for the development of continuous‐flow manufacturing, and for chiral chemicals in particular, enantioselective catalytic processes. In recent years, this emerging direction has received considerable attention and has seen rapid progress. In most cases, catalytic enantioselective flow processes using homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts have shown significant advantages over the conventional batch mode, such as shortened reaction times, lower catalysts loadings, and higher selectivities in addition to the normal merits of non‐enantioselective flow operations. In this Minireview, the advancements, key strategies, methods, and technologies developed the last six years as well as remaining challenges are summarized.
KNiB4O6F3: A Layered Fluorooxoborate with Charge‐Oriented Ordering
Authors: Tao Ce , Li Rukang
Published: January 2020

A layered fluorooxoborate, KNiB4O6F3, contains a new (B4O6F4)4− group built of one planar (BO3)3− triangle and three tetrahedral (BO3F)4− units. Those units are joined together by sharing the oxygen atoms to form a 2‐dimensinal (BO3/2F)3BO3/2)∞ layer. K+ and Ni2+ occupy on the sides with F− and O2− of the (BO3/2F)3BO3/2)∞ layer with a high (positive charge) to high (negative charge) and low to low coordination. Such kind of charge‐oriented ordering is found to be governed by the stabilization energy of Coulomb interaction of the cations in certain sites. It is hoped that this mechanism of ordering may provide an additional tool for designing new structures with favourable properties, such as ferroelectrics or nonlinear optical materials.
Efficient Intersystem Crossing in the Tröger's Base Derived From 4‐Amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide and Application as a Potent Photodynamic Therapy Reagent
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Chen Kepeng , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Li Shujing , Hou Yuqi , Zhang Xue , Wang Zhijia , Zhao Jianzhang , Barbon Antonio , Yaglioglu Halime Gul , Wu Huijian
Published: January 2020

Intersystem crossing (ISC) was observed for naphthalimide (NI)‐derived Tröger's base, and the ISC was confirmed to occur by a spin‐orbital charge‐transfer (SOCT) mechanism. Conventional electron donor/acceptor dyads showing SOCT‐ISC have semirigid linkers. In contrast, the linker between the two chromophores in Tröger's base is rigid and torsion is completely inhibited, which is beneficial for efficient SOCT‐ISC. Femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra demonstrated charge‐separation and charge‐recombination‐induced ISC processes. Nanosecond TA spectroscopy confirmed the ISC, and the triplet state is long‐lived (46 μs, room temperature). The ISC quantum yield is dependent on solvent polarity (8–41 %). The triplet state was studied by pulsed‐laser‐excited time‐resolved EPR spectroscopy, and both the NI‐localized triplet state and triplet charge‐transfer state were observed, which is in good agreement with the spin‐density analysis. The Tröger's base was confirmed to be a potent photodynamic therapy reagent with HeLa cells (EC50=5.0 nm).
The α,α‐Dihalocarbonyl Building Blocks: An Avenue for New Reaction Development in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Santhi Jampani , Baire Beeraiah
Published: January 2020

The α,α‐dihalocarbonyl moiety is a bifunctional system with agem‐dihalocarbon and a carbonyl carbon in 1,2‐fashion. This is one of the privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to its chemical and metabolic stability and lipophilicity. They have also been found in numerous structurally divergent natural products and most of their fabricated structures have already been in medicinal use. Apart from their important use in medicinal chemistry, the α,α‐dihalocarbonyl groups have been employed as key building blocks for the development of novel synthetic strategies and utilized as intermediates in total synthesis. In addition to the traditional transformations such as oxidations, reductions, and C−C bond formations, recently several new and non‐classical reactions have also been developed. This review provides short description of existing methods for their synthesis and detailed discussion on the efforts for the discovery and development of new reactions by employing α,α‐dihaloketones as synthetic building blocks. We have presented their use as key functional groups for the synthesis of polycyclic systems of medicinal and material importance and natural products.
Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination of Copper Carbene Complexes: Preparative Advances and a Mechanistic Rationale
Authors: Buchsteiner Michael , Martinez‐Rodriguez Luis , Jerabek Paul , Pozo Iago , Patzer Michael , Nöthling Nils , Lehmann Christian W. , Fürstner Alois
Published: January 2020

The Cu‐catalyzed reaction of substituted α‐diazoesters with fluoride gives α‐fluoroesters with ee values of up to 95 %, provided that chiral indane‐derived bis(oxazoline) ligands are used that carry bulky benzyl substituents at the bridge and moderately bulky isopropyl groups on their core. The apparently homogeneous solution of CsF in C6F6/hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is the best reaction medium, but CsF in the biphasic mixture CH2Cl2/HFIP also provides good results. DFT studies suggest that fluoride initially attacks the Cu‐ rather than the C‐atom of the transient donor/acceptor carbene intermediate. This unusual step is followed by 1,2‐fluoride shift; for this migratory insertion to occur, the carbene must rotate about the Cu−C bond to ensure orbital overlap. The directionality of this rotatory movement within the C2‐symmetric binding site determines the sense of induction. This model is in excellent accord with the absolute configuration of the resulting product as determined by X‐ray diffraction using single crystals of this a priori wax‐like material grown by capillary crystallization.
Intermittent vs continuous electrocardiogram event recording for detection of atrial fibrillation—Compliance and ease of use in an ambulatory elderly population
Authors: Fredriksson Tove , Kemp Gudmundsdottir Katrin , Frykman Viveka , Friberg Leif , Al‐Khalili Faris , Engdahl Johan , Svennberg Emma
Published: January 2020

Background

There are many atrial fibrillation (AF) screening devices available. Validation studies have mainly been performed in optimal settings in the young population.

Hypothesis

We aim to compare the yield of AF detection, compliance, and patient‐based experience in an ambulatory elderly population by using intermittent electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and continuous event recording simultaneously.

Methods

The study participants were part of the STROKESTOP II study, a Swedish screening study for AF. All participants were 75/76 years of age, were clinically free of AF, and had N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptides levels ≥125 ng/L. AF screening was performed in parallel during a 2‐week period, using a continuous event recording device (R‐test 4; Novacor) and 30‐second intermittent recordings using a handheld ECG device (Zenicor II) four times daily. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with regard to compliance and ease of use of the devices.

Results

During continuous event recording, 6% (n = 15/269) were diagnosed with AF and intermittent ECG detected AF in 2% (n = 5/269) of the participants (P = .002). No new cases of AF were detected using intermittent ECG monitoring only, but some episodes were detected in parallel for patients. On a graded ordinal scale of 1 to 5, with 1 reflecting “very easy to use”, continuous monitoring was graded 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1‐3) compared to intermittent 1 (IQR: 1‐1) (P < .001).

Conclusion

Continuous event recording detected three times more AF compared to intermittent ECG in an elderly ambulatory population. Compliance and user‐friendliness were rated higher for the intermittent ECG device.
An Interlayer of Multiple Microscale Hollow Channels Enhances the Durability of Surface Topographies
Authors: Ding Zhanlai , Yang Jing , Li Peiliu , Xing Yan , Tang Shousheng , Wang Lei
Published: January 2020

Self‐cleaning plays a significant role for natural beings, as it keeps surfaces dry and clean, which is beneficial for lowering the body's weight, absorbing more light, and preventing rotting. Various topographies have been created by nature to achieve these goals. The stability of surface topography is the most essential element for maintaining these functions. Here, we report a new method for lowering the elastic modulus and enhancing the durability of surface topography. In this study, we find that multi micro hollow channels interlayer of Lycorma Delicatula's wing could effectively transfer the stress from the upper surface to the interlayer and decrease the stress concentration on the surface nano‐topography, which enhances the durability of its surface functions. The simulation and artificial surface illustrate that this new design method provides a new way to decrease the elastic modulus and enhance topographic stability.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Dose Proportionality of Diazepam After Intranasal Administration of NRL‐1 to Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tanimoto Sarina , Pesco Koplowitz Luana , Lowenthal Richard E. , Koplowitz Barry , Rabinowicz Adrian L. , Carrazana Enrique
Published: January 2020

NRL‐1 is a novel intranasal formulation of diazepam that is being evaluated as rescue medication in patients with epilepsy who experience bouts of increased seizure activity despite stable regimens of antiepileptic drugs. This phase 1, open‐label, randomized, crossover study in healthy adult volunteers consisted of 3 single‐dose periods (5, 10, and 20 mg) followed by a 2‐dose period (2 × 10 mg) with a minimum 28‐day washout between treatments. Blood samples were taken at prespecified time points after intranasal dosing, and bioanalytic analysis of diazepam and nordiazepam was conducted using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were summarized using descriptive statistics, and dose proportionality (peak concentration [Cmax] and area under the plasma concentration–time curve [AUC0‐∞]) was evaluated based on a power model within a 90%CI of 0.84 to 1.16. Comparisons were also conducted between single 10‐mg dose and multidose (2 × 10 mg) treatments. NRL‐1 administration resulted in rapid diazepam absorption (median time to peak concentration 1.4‐1.5 hours). Plasma concentration‐time profiles showed similar patterns of exposure that appeared to be dose dependent, with Cmax of 85.6, 133.6, and 235.3 ng/mL for the 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐mg doses, respectively, although the lower 90%CI for Cmax and AUC0‐∞ exceeded dose proportionality criteria. The coefficient of variation ranged from 59% to 67% for Cmax and 48% to 56% for AUC parameters. Dose‐normalized AUC0–∞ values were comparable between the 2 × 10‐mg and single 10‐mg doses. Treatment‐emergent adverse events were consistent with those expected for diazepam, with transient somnolence the most frequent adverse event (94.4%). These results support NRL‐1 as a potential therapy for managing seizure emergencies.
Copper‐Catalyzed Formylation of Amines by using Methanol as the C1 Source
Authors: Pichardo Manuel Carmona , Tavakoli Ghazal , Armstrong Jessica E. , Wilczek Tobias , Thomas Bradley E. , Prechtl Martin H. G.
Published: January 2020

Cu/TEMPO catalyst systems are known for the selective transformation of alcohols to aldehydes, as well as for the simultaneous coupling of alcohols and amines to imines under oxidative conditions. In this study, such a Cu/TEMPO catalyst system is found to catalyze the N‐formylation of a variety of amines by initial oxidative activation of methanol as the carbonyl source via formaldehyde and formation of N,O‐hemiacetals and oxidation of the latter under very mild conditions. A vast range of amines, including aromatic and aliphatic, primary and secondary, and linear and cyclic amines are formylated under these conditions with good to excellent yields. Moreover, paraformaldehyde can be used instead of methanol for the N‐formylation.