bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cutaneous Leishmania Cases and Diagnostic Methods in Batman
Authors: Okumuş Elif , Demir Melike , Sezer Suat , Günay Muhammed Burak
Published: September 2024

Objective: The diagnostic method used in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) often depends not on the accuracy of the diagnosis but on the existing infrastructure and resources of the diagnostic facility. It is important to apply a practical and sensitive method in regions where diagnostic possibilities are limited. This study aims to examine the cases diagnosed with CL and the diagnosis method in Batman between July 2021 and July 2023.

Methods: Totally 17 patients were referred to the Microbiology Laboratory with a prediagnosis of CL. Demographic data of the patients were obtained from the Hospital Information Management System. The fine needle aspiration method was preferred as the diagnostic method in 2021, the samples were taken by partial removal of the suspected crust of scar/ulcer in 2022 and 2023.

Results: With the suspicion of Leishmaniasis lesion, 5 patients in 2021, 8 patients in 2022 and 4 patients in 2023 were referred to our laboratory. Samples were taken with the fine needle aspiration method in 2021 and Leishmania sp. amastigotes were detected in one of five patients. In the samples taken in 2022 and 2023, the sample was taken by partial removal of the crust. Leishmania sp. amastigotes were detected in 6 of 8 suspected patients in 2022 and in 3 of 4 suspected patients in 2023.

Conclusion: In this study, 10 CLs were diagnosed and it was observed that taking samples by removing the wound/ulcer crust made it easier to detect the agent. All the cases were local and were thought to be independent of Syrian migration.
Frequency of Scabies in Pediatric Allergy Clinic and Evaluation of Demographic Characteristics of Affected Patients
Authors: Çöğürlü Müjde Tuba , Dikici Ümmügülsüm
Published: September 2024

Objective: There has been an increase in the number of cases as pediatricians mistakenly refer scabies to an allergy clinic, misdiagnosing it as allergic illnesses, particularly atopic dermatitis (AD), because of the presence of symptoms such as itching and eczematous lesions. The objective of our study was to examine the prevalence of scabies in children who were referred to the pediatric allergy clinic after being misdiagnosed with AD. We also aimed to determine the clinical and demographic distinctions between individuals with AD and scabies.

Methods: The files of 610 patients those referred to Sakarya Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Allergy Clinics between February-December 2022 with complaints of 'itching and rash' were documented retrospectively. Cases of acute urticaria, chronic urticaria, mastocytosis, insect bite, maculopapular rash with viral infection, drug-induced reactions were excluded. Patients whose final diagnosis was AD and who were diagnosed with 'definite scabies' were included in the study.

Results: A total of 404 patients were included in the study. The rate of definite diagnosis of scabies was 18.5% (n:75/404). The median age at presentation was 19 months (IQR 8-51) in patients diagnosed with AD and 53 months (IQR 17-117) in patients diagnosed with scabies (p<0.005). The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was seven months (IQR 2.5-24) in the AD group and two months (IQR 1-4) in the scabies group (p<0.005). Only 20% (n:15/75) of patients with scabies had family history, 16% of patients (n:12/75) had received one or more treatments before. Pruritis was present in only 72% (54/75) of children. Hospitalization rate was 0.05% (n:4/75).

Conclusion: We recommend that scabies should be considered as a potential diagnosis for patients who visit to any clinic with symptoms of itching and a skin rash. Timely identification and medical intervention for scabies in children is crucial in order to minimize the spread of the disease throughout the community and prevent potential complications.
The Artistic Demystification of the Communist Regime in Romania
Authors: Preda Caterina
Published: September 2024

This article explains the role played by contemporary art evocations of the communist past in the establishment of a more comprehensive memory of the communist regime in Romania. The analysis delineates the three memory frameworks of the communist regime in Romania (official memory, activist memory, and a nostalgic outlook) and contraposes them to the five artistic memory frameworks (Ceaușescu’s portraits, the 1989 revolution, the victims of communism, the portraits of the members of the Securitate, and the communist nostalgia) that have crystallized in the period 2000–2020. Theoretically, the article uses the art and politics of memory focus, which is found at the intersection of the studies of cultural/artistic memory and the role of art in Transitional Justice studies, to propose a critical perspective on contemporary artistic discourses of the communist past in Romania.
Hiperplasia Angiolinfoide: consideraciones clínico- patológicas
Authors: De Oviedo Belia , Ferraris Ricardo , Civeriati Osvaldo
Published: September 2024

Two cases of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or Kimuras disease are presented. A nodular and papuoid pattem of presentation was observed. The first one is the histologic expression of the vascular and cellular components which were found n the subcutaneous fat whereas the latter was in the dermis.Clinical asid pathological considerations sere made to differentiate both illnesses. However, due to the overlapping of certain criteria it is considered that ve are dealing with the same disease at different phases.
Estimativa da umidade do solo no ponto de murcha permanente para solos do sul do Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Pimentel Letícia Guimarães , Teixeira Wenceslau Geraldes , Bhering Silvio Barge , Hernani Luís Carlos
Published: September 2024

O estudo visa avaliar a confiabilidade de funções de pedotransferência (PTFs) para estimar a umidade do solo no ponto de murcha permanente (PMP) em solos do sul do Mato Grosso do Sul, num sistema hierárquico, utilizando valores de PMP em função do grupamento textural e da classe de solo. Coletou-se dados de PMP, granulometria, densidade do solo e teor de matéria orgânica de 30 amostras de solos. Fez-se uma análise gráfica em box-plot da relação entre PMP e os grupamentos texturais e obteve-se as médias, medianas e intervalos de confiança para valores de PMP estimados para as classes de solos obtidos em estudos de outras regiões do Brasil. A confiabilidade das PTFs foi avaliada por meio de estatísticas como RMSE e R² e análises gráficas de dispersão de resíduos versus valores preditos e gráficos de correlação 1:1 entre dados preditos e observados de θPMP. Recomenda-se o uso dos valores 0,043 cm³ cm-³ para textura arenosa, 0,143 cm³ cm-³ para textura média, 0,278 cm³ cm-³ para textura argilosa e 0,296 cm³ cm-³ para textura muito argilosa, quando se conhece apenas o grupamento textural. A PTF-θPMP de Oliveira et al. (2002) é a que apresenta a melhor confiabilidade, sendo a mais indicada para estimar PMP para os solos das bacias dos rios Ivinhema, Amambai e Iguatemi.
Realization of the Universe by a “Matter – anti-Matter” mass-Energy Neutralizing System
Authors: RUMMENS François
Published: September 2024

The present article considers a Matter and an anti-Matter Universe. Gravitational energy between such Universes neutralizes exactly Mass Energy during an a-temporal Radius expansion.Universe Mass Energy is expressed in function of such a-temporal Radius R. The variation with R of Universe Mass Energy is related to the a-temporal Universe Surface and the power 4 of Universe Temperature, 2,72 K, with α² as proportionality factor. The a-temporal Universe Surface is related to the Hubble constant and α is the fine structure constant. With 74022 m/sec/Mega Parsec as value for the Hubble constant, we calculate following value of α: 7,2974E-03.In the proposed theory, our Universe (Space-time) emerges with infinite Radius from a-temporal punctual locality of a finite Radius Universe. Red Shift of faraway stars is not attributed to the geometrical stretching of wavelengths by an expanding Universe, but to the fact that light emitted in past “distance”, was emitted at a proportionally lower value of α, the fine structure constant, when considering an infinite Universe Radius, or at a proportionally lower value of c, the speed of light, when considering a finite Universe Radius. In the proposed theory, gravity is compatible with quantum mechanics and the uncertainty principle appears a consequence of a-temporal punctual locality in the finite Radius Universe, corresponding to space-time in the infinite Radius Observable Universe.Cold Dark Matter results from loss or gain of photon’s energy in gravitational potentials. The theory predicts development of positive mass CDM and negative mass CDM. Non gravitational forces evolve to restrict entropy, leading to quantification of ordinary matter, resulting at regular stages in hot photons release (recombination) what implies Universe mass reduction and Gravitational Energy adjustment leading to the formation of galaxies … .
Boosting teenagers’ skills to fact-check photos and problems of overconfidence: Impact and side effects in education against misinformation from Ukraine
Authors: Nygren Thomas , Al-Afifi Markus , axelsson carl-anton werner
Published: September 2024

In this study, we test an intervention to support Swedish school students’ abilities to fact-check visual (mis)information from the war in Ukraine and out-of-context images. We designed a digital intervention for teachers to use in classrooms comprised of three parts: (1) a teacher-led introduction about the war in Ukraine with a short video about misinformation linked to the war, (2) student activities with short video instructions to support students lateral reading, reverse image search, and hands-on online exercises where students investigated if the presented material contained misinformation, and (3) a teacher-led discussion with a review of the correct answers. The intervention was informed by conversations with teachers about countering misinformation through education and previous successful classroom interventions, and 192 students aged 15-19 participated. In a pretest and posttest design, we used a survey with a mix of test items and open-ended questions. We found that the intervention significantly impacted students’ use of digital tools, knowledge, and skills to identify the original time of capture and location of photos from the war and out-of-context photos. Students with adequate skills became more reflective about their knowledge and skills, while some poor-performing students became overconfident. Our findings highlight how educational interventions must be empirically evaluated to safeguard against unwanted impacts on students. Media literacy interventions should consider how the instructional design affects overconfidence in students with limited knowledge and skills. We highlight the importance of identifying these individuals and mitigating overconfidence in the classroom.
Promoting Democracy Through Social Media Advertisements? A Field Experiment in Mobilizing Election Monitors
Authors: Öztürk Aykut , Finkel Steven , Neundorf Anja , Ramírez Ericka Rascón
Published: September 2024

Building popular support for democracy is especially necessary in countries ruled by authoritarian regimes. Can online civic education promote democratic support in these countries and influence how citizens evaluate their country's political regime? To answer these questions, we conducted two online experiments in Turkey comparing the effects of two pro-democratic educational interventions, a positive frame emphasizing gains from democratic institutions and a negative frame highlighting the losses under authoritarian regimes. Both treatment frames were successful at building democratic demand. However, only participants exposed to the pro-democracy messages with a positive frame took important additional cognitive steps, decreasing their evaluations of Turkey’s democratic supply and, therefore, becoming less likely to vote for the parties aligned with the autocratic regime. We offer a reference points theory to explain this divergence. Overall, our research makes significant contributions to the literature on democratic support and on civic education.
Deliberation
Authors: Goovaerts Ine
Published: September 2024

Deliberative democratic theory is a normative, talk-centric democratic theory where deliberation and deliberative debate and discussion take center stage. For a political discussion to be deliberative, it should meet certain communicative standards. This entry mainly focuses on the communicative aspects that are key in deliberative democracy, and discusses theoretical, empirical and normative aspects related to it. More specifically, this entry first discusses the concept of deliberative communication and how it evolved over time. Connected to this, the entry also discusses the deliberative systems approach as well as the study of deliberation in different political debate settings and contexts, going from more likely places, such as citizen assemblies and parliamentary venues, to less likely places, such as televised debates and social media. The entry ends with some critical reflections and paths for future research.
The Kaohsiung Incident
Authors: Nie Zhuoyuan
Published: September 2024

After the Kuomintang(KMT) retreated to Taiwan in 1949, they established an authoritarian regime and instituted martial law to maintain the minority mainlanders’ governance over the majority Taiwanese. This oppression led to the Kaohsiung Incident in 1979, a moment in which the Tangwai(democratic promoters outside KMT) leaders clashed with the KMT over the future of democracy. In the ensuing military trials, the KMT and the Tangwai performed as victims to curry international support. The international media recognized the KMT’s efforts to initiate moderate reforms in Taiwan and the Tangwai’s commitment to achieving democracy and human rights. Thus, the KMT and the Tangwai both achieved some success. More importantly, their clashes resulted in democratization as the two sides eventually reached compromises to reform Taiwan, marking the most peaceful process in the Third Wave of Democratization.
More Than Box-ticking? Assessing Preregistration Quality in Psychological Research
Authors: Hahn Lena , Glöckner Andreas , Gollwitzer Mario , Hellmann Jens H. , Lange Jens , Schindler Simon , Sassenberg Kai
Published: September 2024

Preregistering one’s hypotheses, study design, materials, and analytical pipelines aim at preventing questionable research practices by reducing researchers’ degrees of freedom and increasing transparency. Yet, the extent to which preregistrations actually achieve these goals depends on the quality of a preregistration. To scrutinize the quality of current preregistrations, we coded all preregistrations mentioned in journal articles published by psychologists from institutions in German-speaking countries in 2020 as to whether they contain six procedural elements: (1) a timestamp, (2) the hypothesized pattern of results, (3) the primary variables, (4) planned analyses to test the hypothesis, (5) sample size considerations, and (6) exclusion criteria and additional transparency related elements. Our results show that the quality of preregistrations was not associated with the journal’s reputation—neither the Journal Impact Factor nor the Transparency and Openness Factor. Only half of the preregistrations contained all six procedural elements. Hence, in line with previous research, our findings indicate that when considering publications from 2020 and all fields of psychology there was room for improvement regarding both the consequent usage as well as the quality of preregistrations in psychology. Steps to bring preregistration beyond the level of box-ticking are discussed.
Dynamics of the polycrisis: temporal trends, spatial distribution and interconnections of national shocks (1970-2019)
Authors: Delannoy Louis , Verzier Alexandre , Bastien-Olvera Bernardo , Benra Felipe , Nyström Magnus , Søgaard Jørgensen Peter
Published: September 2024

Polycrisis has emerged as a new property of the Anthropocene, driven by the co-interaction of multiple shocks and stressors. Although sector-specific studies offer insights into the changing frequency and intensity of these disruptions, a holistic, cross-sectoral analysis remains absent, limiting a more integrated understanding of the phenomenon. To fill this gap, we have compiled a database that contains the number of shocks (climatic, geophysical, ecological, economic, technological, conflict) covering 175 countries from 1970 to 2019. We provide evidence that, even if China, India, Indonesia, Philippines and the U.S. have experienced more shocks relative to other countries, shocks have not evolved uniformly over time on a global or regional scale. Our results show that shocks became progressively interconnected between 1970 and 2000, particularly around the Conflict-Technology-Climate nexus, before showing a regionally-dependent shift in behavior. This change underlines the importance of cross-sectoral and cross-national tools for disaster and crisis management, particularly for interacting risks in a context of realignment of the world order. In this respect, we urge that the emerging polycrisis research community must recognize these global and regional patterns.
“Heart on My Sleeve”: From Memorization to Duty
Authors: Reitinger Nathan
Published: September 2024

Can a machine learning model infringe on a copyright—do machine learning models store protected content? This work-in-progress law review Article focuses on empirical data developed, in part, to answer that question: yes. A set of unconditional image generators, diffusion models (n = 14), are trained on small slices of a dataset consisting of celebrities’ faces. The synthetic data output from these generators is then compared to training data using a variety of similarity metrics. As the empirical data shows, the question is not can models contain copyrighted works, but do models contain copyright works. In some cases, there is a 99% chance that a model will generate an image nearly identical to its training data; in other cases, even after 10,000 generations, a model does not produce any images that may be considered identical (though finding similarity is nonetheless possible). This Article uses the empirical data to argue for a series of duties to be placed on model owners.
The hype is over-hyped: An experimental evaluation of how mindfulness hype and the uncertainty of programme benefits impact participation
Authors: Vainre Maris , Doan Uyen , Prakash Devika , Raad Steph , Wintle Bonnie , Wright Malcolm , Hitchcock Caitlin , Galante Julieta
Published: September 2024

Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are widely used to support employees’ wellbeing,despite little evidence that MBPs are more effective than other programmes. MBPs are oftenpromoted to solve a plethora of challenges, potentially creating a ‘mindfulness hype’. Toinform more balanced communication strategies, a 2x2 experiment (N=669) evaluatedwhether decisions to participate in a hypothetical wellbeing programme were impacted by(1) programme name containing the word ‘mindfulness’, to quantify the ‘hype’ effect, and/or(2) presenting uncertainty around beneficial effects. Participants expressed similar interest inparticipating in both programmes, (p = .318, partial η2 = .002). Conveying uncertainty bypresenting a range (rather than exact percentage) for anticipated improvement did notreduce participant ratings of the likelihood of participating (p = .788, partial η2 < .001). Theresults do not support the presence of ‘mindfulness hype’. There is a need to betterunderstand how uncertainty regarding programme effectiveness affects decision-making
Longitudinal analysis of social dynamics upon work-life exit
Authors: Tuominen Minna , Hämäläinen Hans , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Tanskanen Antti O , Jokela Markus
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The study examined whether transition to retirement was associated with changes in social networks and social participation, and whether these changes differed by gender, partnership status or European region. Methods: Data were derived from fourth and sixth rounds of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected with a 3–5-year interval from 14 European countries. The sample involved 12,885 individuals aged 50–79 (mean age 58) at the initial timepoint. Fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate within-person changes over time.Results: The results showed changes in the size and composition of social network, contact frequency with close network members, and the intensity of social participation. The most consistent change was a decrease in the presence of colleagues within the close network. By contrast, the number of relatives in the network, total frequency of social contacts, and satisfaction with the close network remained rather stable.Discussion: The retirement transition is associated with predominantly positive changes in social relationships. While relationships with colleagues fade, they are compensated by other close connections or intensified social participation, or both. However, the patterns of change vary substantially across sub-populations and geographic regions. Interaction with relatives remains mostly unaffected by retirement, demonstrating the resilience of these relationships to contextual changes.
Supporting Parents with Disabilities: A User-friendly Guide for Social Service Providers
Authors: Lightfoot Elizabeth , Hollie Kelley , Dangle Pratiksha , Goto Kelly
Published: September 2024

This guide is a resource for social workers and other social service providers when working with parents with disabilities. It was created based on existing research, gray literature, discussions with experts and innovators, and input from a diverse expert panel of parents with disabilities, researchers, social workers, and advocates from Arizona and across the country. It covers the history of parents with disabilities, introduces eight core concepts and frameworks underlying best practices, and provides an overview of key state and federal policies that social service providers should know know when working with parents with disabilities. The guide also introduces the growing array of practice interventions and models designed for supporting parents with disabilities and provides best practice tips for social service practitioners. While the main intended audience is social workers and other social service providers, it can also be useful for policy advocates and policymakers seeking todevelop or fund new programs, and for parents with disabilities, their family members, and advocates about available service and support models as they advocate for appropriate support.
Factors Contributing to the Signing of the Abraham Accords
Authors: Yi Bowen
Published: September 2024

The signing of Abraham Accords can promote the realization of the common interests among countries to a certain extent. However, it may also trigger some conflicts among nations. This paper mainly analyzes the important factors contributing to the signing of the Abraham Accords from three perspectives: (1) the external factors -- the intervention of the US; (2) the internal factors -- the Arab and Israel’s adaptation to the current international situations; (3) other factors -- the impact of COVID-19, the dictatorship of Arab leaders, and the personal political pursuits of the leaders from other nations. In this paper, Classical Realism is used to analyze the interests between countries, and the influence of some political decisions made by relevant state leaders is supplemented by Neo-realism. Additionally, in this paper, Neoliberalism and Constructivism are also employed to analyze the negotiations between national interests, including compromise, containment, and obstruction, as well as how negotiations promote the realization of common interests. It is expected that this paper can be of some reference significance to future research on the interests between nations as well as their cooperation and conflicts in the context of globalization.
Testing the effect of circumscription on the evolution of social complexity in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, using agent-based models
Authors: Williams Alice , Mesoudi Alex
Published: September 2024

The initial emergence of complex societies in the archaeological record has often been explained by cultural and environmental conditions. In this paper, we formally test whether the conditions of the highly circumscribed region of the Valley of Oaxaca in highland Mexico could have intensified the formation of social complexity. The Valley of Oaxaca shows some of the earliest evidence for territorial expansion and multiple levels of internal organisation, or social complexity, in Mesoamerica and is considered a classic example of the effects of environmental circumscription. We build on our previous abstract agent-based model (Williams and Mesoudi, submitted) by incorporating real-world archaeological and environmental data from the Valley of Oaxaca to explore social complexity formation and test the impact of factors for which there is little archaeological evidence. The model results suggest that the mountainous surroundings of the valley could have contributed to social complexity formation, if we assume warfare was present throughout the time periods. However, the model also suggests that observed differences in social complexity formation between the three subvalleys of the Valley of Oaxaca were unlikely to be due to differences in circumscribing conditions. The model highlights key forms of archaeological evidence that might confirm or reject the effect of geographical circumscription in the Valley of Oaxaca.
Formation and Features of Transnational Consciousness
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: September 2024

This theoretical review article argues that transnational consciousness deals with the way the border-crossing communities think about their life in connection with their past and future. As they are not physically in the homeland and not emotionally in the hostland, they are the people hanging in somewhere between these two spaces. Such a living condition and the thought pattern shapes the way they believe who they are. Consequently, they live with ethnic consciousness related to the homeland, hybridity that mixes up the life pattern from both the homeland and hostland, memories of homeland and imaginations of the possible life in the hostland, and finally with the double consciousness that works as a coping device in an unfulfilling new life away from the society of origin. To reach to this conclusion, I have reviewed the major transnational theorists from 1970s to early 2020s. Vertovec (2009) and Dahinden (2010) have been the major theorists as they summed up almost all the concepts related to transnationalism developed by 2000s. The findings of the researchers and opinions of the commentators on the formation of transnational life, literature and consciousness from the 2010s and early 2020s have been incorporated to establish the basic parameters to look at the formation and features of transnational consciousness.
Basics of Literary Studies
Authors: Pokrivčák Anton , Pokrivčáková Silvia , Kocianová Louise
Published: September 2024

The present audiobook is an additional audial study material accompanying to the electronic textbook Basics of Literary Studies (ISBN 978-80-568-0577-0). The audiobook is adapted for learners with specific learning needs but the format can be appreciated by the students who prefer audial style of learning or multimodal learning based on both reading and listening. Both study materials serve as guides for students beginning their study of Anglophone literatures. They offer a concise and accessible discussion of central issues in the contemporary study of literary texts, including definitions of key terms such as literature and literary scholarship, periods of literary history, theoretical approaches to the study of literary texts, an overview of critical approaches, characteristics of language typical for literature, classification of literary kinds and genres, etc. Despite their similarities with other study guides, the present textbook is unique at least in one aspect: it integrates the knowledge coming from the international context of the study of Anglophone literatures with a specific cultural and geographical context of Slovakia (and Czech Republic), which establishes a space for constructive comparation and mutual beneficiation. The current text is an edited and extended version of the previous textbooks Focus on Literature (2003) and Understanding Literature (2006) by the same authors.
Efektivitas Komunikasi Organisasi dalam Mencapai Keterbukaan Informasi (Studi Kasus Komunikasi Organisasi di PT. Lipwih Synergylab Estetika)
Authors: Andamisari Dessy , Razali Geofakta , Kurniasih Eka Risky
Published: September 2024

PT Lipwih Synergylab Estetika memberikan wadah bagi para karyawannya untuk memberikan pendapat serta apa yang ingin disampaikan mengenai pekerjaannya melalui komunikasi langsung secara dua arah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas komunikasi organisasi dalam mencapai keterbukaan informasi, mengetahui hambatan-hambatan serta memberikan solusi dari hambatan-hambatan komunikasi organisasi. Berdasarkan efektivitas komunikasi organisasi dalam mencapai keterbukaan informasi di PT Lipwih Synergylab Estetika pada penelitian ini terdapat tiga rumusan masalah yaitu bagaimana efektivitas komunikasi, hambatan- hambatan serta solusi dari hambatan-hambatan komunikasi organisasi dalam mencapai keterbukaan informasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep dari Effendy (2011:122) yaitu komunikasi internal upward communication, downward communication dan horizontal communication. Metode yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah komunikasi organisasi yang diterapkan di PT Lipwih Synergylab Estetika terutama pada internal perusahaan yaitu komunikasi secara terbuka dan secara dua arah dalam mencapai keterbukaan informasi serta keefektivitasannya dalam berkomunikasi antara atasan dengan bawahan begitupun sebaliknya.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Komunikasi, Komunikasi Organisasi, Efektivitas, Keterbukaan informasi.
Motif Penggunaan Channel YouTube Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru (PMB) UHAMKA sebagai Media Informasi
Authors: Maududi Mukhlish Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Information channels at this time are very diverse with the development of information and communication technology, as well as in the information  dissemination process carried out by the University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka (Uhamka) who uses YouTube as a medium to socialize new student registration information, which is also charged with entertainment to attract the number of visitors. This research was designed with the  aim of determining the motives of the audience of the  Uhamka New Student Admissions (PMB) vlog channel. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques in the form of literature and documentation of interview fibers for 6 (six) Uhamka students. Vlog channel PMB Uhamka is the research subject chosen by the researcher. This study uses McQuail's motive theory, namely: information motives, personal identity motives, social interaction motives, and entertainment motives. The results showed that the audience freely chooses what media to choose to get information, its users have control over what they want to know and what media is chosen. Media users have the ability to choose what  to consume to satisfy needs through the media. From the results of the interviews, it is also known that information motives and entertainment motives are the dominant motives.
Komunikasi Organisasi Sebagai Solusi Konflik
Authors: Zakiah Zakiah
Published: September 2024

Memberikan kepercayaan publik bukanlah hal yang mudah apalagi kondisi organisasi yang menaungi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Multi Media Mandiri d mengalami Konflik Internal. Banyak hambatan yang dihadapi baik dari internal maupun eksternal. Guna memberikan kepercayaan kepada publik dalam hal ini Pemerintah sebagai Lembaga yang mengatur terkait dengan regulasi operasional pendidikan maka stake holder sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri  harus melakukan Strategi Government Relations dalam konteks Lobby dan Negosiasi agar tercipta komunikasi dan hubungan yang baik yang pada akhirnya Pemerintah tetap memberikan Izin Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan kepada sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri sehingga Publik tetap percaya bahwa konflik internal yayasan tidak berdampak pada proses belajar mengajar karena masih diakui oleh pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis komunikasi kelompok stake holder sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri dalam merumuskan dan mengimplementasikan strategi lobby dan negosiasi guna memberikan kepercayaan kepada publik dengan menggunakan Metode Penelitian Studi Kasus pada sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri. Strategi dari rangkaian government relations guna Menumbuhkan kepercayaan pemerintah kepada sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri adalah dengan melakukan komunikasi secara intensif dengan pihak dinas pendidikan dimana setiap strategi yang dilakukan untuk menjalin hubungan baik dengan pemerintah adalah menerapkan fungsi management dari mulai tahapan planning (perencanaan), Organizing (pengorganisasian), Actuating (penggiatan), Controlling (pengawasan), loby negosiasi dalam rangkaian komunikasi eksternal yang harus dijalankan guna memberikan kepercayaan kepada pemerintah bahwa kondisi konflik internal organisasi tidak akan berdampak pada kualitas pembelajaran dan mutu pendidikan sehingga publik tetap percaya kepada sekolah menengah kejuruan multi media mandiri.
Advances: 1923–2023*
Authors: Baillie Hector M
Published: September 2024

Medicine has made huge gains in combatting illness and disease in the last century. As health professionals, we are aware of that, but are our patients? Maybe we need to remind them of our grandparents’ perspective, lest the past repeats itself in modern times.
Evaluation of the Effect of Strain Accumulation on Dislocations and Grain Growth
Authors: Soda Kazuma , Sugimoto Tsuyoshi , Adachi Nozomu
Published: September 2024

It is well known that the maximum prior austenite grain size after carburizing heat treatment is approximately positively correlated with the maximum shear strain in the case of simple deformation of pre process as cold working treatment. On the other hand, it is generally known that the maximum shear strain and the maximum grain size do not correspond when complex cold working is performed, but the reason of these phenomena is not well known. Then, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the applied strain during cold working with multiple steps and prior austenite grain size after heat treatment(GG). In this study, we used a processing method called HPT processing, which introduces shear strain by torsion deformation under applying high hydrostatic pressure to the top and bottom of a disk-shaped sample using a die, and investigated how GG changes due to the accumulation of dislocations by focusing on the strain amount | ± Δ ε| given in one pass controlled by a processing path called Cyclic-HPT (c-HPT) (4) and the total strain amount 𝛴| ± Δ ε| given to the sample by the accumulation of one pass. As a result, when finer strain is applied, the grain size does not necessarily become smaller, but rather there are boundary conditions that indicate the positive and negative grain size with respect to the number of strains. Similarly, for the grain size distribution, an increase and decrease in grain size was observed with respect to radial distance, so there are boundary conditions that indicate the positive and negative grain size with respect to distance. From these results, it is believed that this may be the mechanism for grain growth behavior in the case of cold working, which involves complex deformation.
Transformation Induced Plasticity during Precipitation Strengthening of Maraging Steels
Authors: Nouri Niki , Dietrich Stefan , Schulze Volker
Published: September 2024

Effective heat treatment is essential for optimizing the properties of steels in various applications. Understanding the evolution of steel microstructure during intrinsic or post-heat treatment, along with managing distortions and residual stresses, is crucial for ensuring component usability. In laser-based additive manufacturing, high temperature gradients and cooling rates induce residual stresses, impacting the heat-affected zones. However, there remains a gap in understanding how stress influences precipitation during heat treatment, particularly regarding transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), where a stress triggers deformation during phase transformation. This study aims to investigate TRIP effects during the aging of maraging steels, commonly employed in laser-based powder bed fusion. During the experiments, the steels were continuously aged under varying compression stresses. By isolating TRIP strain from total strain, the study establishes a relationship between maximum TRIP strain after phase transformation and applied stress, defining specific TRIP constants for each steel. The presence of TRIP strain has been confirmed during short time continuous aging treatments, indicating its significance even in the initial stages of the heat treatment process. While the applied stress level does not affect hardness, significant differences in maximum hardness values after aging were observed among the investigated materials. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of different maraging steels revealed a positive correlation between the TRIP constant and the amount of precipitation, and consequently, hardness. These findings confirm the role of TRIP in precipitate formation in maraging steels and provide a foundation for further understanding and predicting post-heat treatment material states.
Short Time Tempering on 39MnCrB6-2 Steel to Find Best Compromise between Mechanical Properties and Use of Copper-Rich Scraps
Authors: Stocky C. , Acevedo D. Reyes , Clemang S. , Maurigh F.
Published: September 2024

Much more steel must be produced from scrap to meet emissions targets, and utilizing this growing resource is a sound economic strategy. However, the presence of contaminating elements restricts the applications in which end-of-life scrap can replace primary steel. The use of low alloyed quenching and tempering steel grade such as 39MnCrB6-2 to reach high mechanical characteristics (around 1000 MPa) obliges often to apply low tempering temperatures for which tempering embrittlement may be observed. In this paper, it is proposed to reduce the hold time and to increase the temperature during conventional tempering to (1) reduce the embrittlement because of segregation of elements like copper, (2) to change the fracture mechanism with finer martensite sub-grains and (3) to promote θ particles with smaller dimensions but higher density.
Sub-Zero Treatment of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Troyanosky Ellen K. , Liang Jianyu , Christiansen Thomas L.
Published: September 2024

Additively manufactured (AM) metals require a modified heat treatment to accommodate for slight differences in composition caused by powder atomization and cover gas used in the manufacturing process. 17-4PH stainless steel (17-4PH) is a precipitation hardening steel which hardens through the formation of Cu precipitates in a martensitic matrix during aging treatment. The powders used in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) fabrication of 17-4PH are typically spray atomized using N2 cover gas, which is associated with a certain amount of nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen is a potent austenite stabilizer and will lower the martensite start temperature of the steel. To counteract the effect of nitrogen, a sub-zero heat treatment can be introduced to promote a more complete transformation into martensite. In this work, the effect of nitrogen on the heat treatment response of 17-4PH is investigated through comparing standard wrought, nitrogen loaded wrought, and LPBF 17-4PH. In particular, the effect of introducing a subzero treatment is addressed. After quenching from the solutionizing step (austenitization) LPBF fabricated 17-4PH was cold-treated in different combinations of dry ice (-78 °C) and boiling nitrogen (-196 °C). Subsequently, these conditions were aged in the conventional way. The sub-zero treatments were compared with the conventional heat treatment procedure, which does not entail a sub-zero step. In addition, phase transformations (above room temperature) were monitored in-situ using dilatometry. Finally, hardness tests and XRD analysis were performed to characterize the final microstructure. It is demonstrated that sub-zero treatment can be an effective route to address the problems associated with the additional nitrogen present in LPBF 17-4PH fabricated parts.
Coupled CFD and Part Distortion Modeling for Gas Quenching Applications
Authors: Zhang Lei , Petrus Greg , Miller James
Published: September 2024

Manufacturers regularly employ finite-element (FE) process modeling tools for the simulation of heat treatment applications, such as quenching. These tools may utilize thermal, mechanical and microstructural calculations in the analysis of part distortion and residual stresses. Heat treatment modeling workflows are challenged by the requirement for user-provided heat transfer boundary conditions, which vary based on part geometry and process parameters. Representative Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) are typically reversed-engineered using experimental thermocouple data, thermal simulations and inverse optimization methods.

This paper will present ‘state of the art’ developments integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) capabilities into the heat treat modeling environment of the DEFORM system. It will describe how CFD and thermal modeling of a quench medium is being coupled with deformation and heat transfer modeling of a part through the use of CFD-calculated, local heat transfer boundary conditions. Studies verifying the implemented CFD methods against published literature will be summarized. Application examples will show how residual stress and distortion in parts, during single-part or batch gas quenching, is made possible by coupled CFD and thermo-mechanical process modeling tools.
Thermally Activated Martensite Formation: An Essential Revision of the Physical Metallurgy of Steel
Authors: Villa Matteo , Ali Basit , Somers Marcel A. J.
Published: September 2024

Steel hardening is a long-standing practice that has accompanied human development over the last three millennia. For hardening, steel is heated to a high temperature to form austenite and subsequently cooled. During cooling, austenite transforms into various microstructural products, e.g. grain boundary ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite, massive ferrite, pearlite, upper bainite, lower bainite,… and martensite. Martensite is the hardest of these products and is obtained when the applied cooling rate exceeds a critical value. This critical cooling rate for martensite formation is determined by the chemistry of the steel and is significantly reduced by increasing the content of alloying elements. Cooling from the austenite region by immersing the parts in water, generally provides this cooling condition.

The transformation that leads to martensite is called martensitic and, unlike all other transformations that occur in steel, it does not involve the diffusion of atoms. Martensitic transformations begin when a characteristic temperature, the martensite start temperature Ms is reached during cooling. Ms is essentially determined by the chemical composition of the steel. Subsequently, martensitic transformations continue during further cooling below Ms. In contrast, no transformation occurs when the steel is held isothermally below Ms, indicating that the transformation is time independent, i.e. athermal. Consistently, martensitic transformations would not be suppressible, not even by applying the most rapid cooling possible.
Tempering Behavior of Low Alloy Case Hardening Steels with Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures
Authors: Steinbacher Matthias , Fechte-Heinen Rainer , Hellenbrandt Gerrit
Published: September 2024

Increasing power density and rotational speed pose significant challenges for transmission design, especially in the aerospace and electro mobility sectors. Due to increased energy input and reduced heat dissipation, higher operating temperatures occur in high performance gears. At higher temperatures, the hardness and microstructure of conventional bearing and gear materials are affected by annealing effects, which can reduce the load capacity of these components. Therefore, increased operating temperatures can only be considered if the components are made of special heat-resistant, high-performance material systems.

Heat treatment is essential to achieve the required performance. Today, high performance gears are typically case hardened to achieve the best performance in service. Due to the meta-stable properties of martensite and retained austenite, especially for low alloy case hardening steels, the microstructure can degrade in service if the temperature equals or exceeds the previous tempering. As a result, the hardness and performance of the components will decrease. Alternative steel grades with increased alloy content can mitigate but are in most cases more expensive. Therefore, an increase in temperature resistance through heat treatment of the low-alloy steels would be of increased interest. To achieve a more stable microstructure state, new heat treatments and alternative microstructures must be considered.

This presentation will address the tempering behavior of martensitic and bainitic microstructures under long-term thermal stress above typical tempering conditions at 210 °C for up to 200 hours. The microstructure degradation and hardness change are shown.
Developing Statistical Tools to Analyze Contributions to the Fatigue Performance of Additively Manufactured Materials
Authors: Wietecha-Reiman Ian J. , Palmer Todd A.
Published: September 2024

With the increasing amount of historical fatigue data for advanced manufacturing processes, such as additive manufacturing, it becomes increasingly feasible to use statistical and machine learning approaches to garner deeper insights into the contributions to fatigue performance in order to improve the design for fatigue failure or processing route parameters. Prior to model development, aggregated datasets, whether compiled through manual or automated processes, require extensive verification and profiling to eliminate systematic errors and identify insufficiently investigated parameter combinations. Without these steps, the veracity of any model, especially black-box models, is dubious. Once the structure and patterns of the dataset are established, proper implementation of random imputation can be used to expand the amount of usable data. This verified and augmented dataset can now be subjected to various statistical tools whose role in data exploration will be discussed, particularly regarding the role of distinguishing porosity- and microstructure-driven fatigue failure data.
FEATURES OF FORMATION AND SEARCH FOR GROUNDWATER IN VOLCANIC REGIONS (BASED ON COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES OF THE DRAINAGE BASINS OF MOUNT ARAGATS MASSIF, RA)
Authors: Ani Gevorgyan  , Robert Minasyan
Published: September 2024

Numerous targeted studies have been conducted in many regions of volcanism due to the exploitation of the Earth's natural heat, the use of thermal springs, and the search for mineral resources. Scientific and practical tasks are solved, in particular, during exploration and prospecting for water to meet water supply and irrigation needs. Increasing the efficiency of surveys and the reliability of the results obtained requires the improvement of search methods and techniques. Solving problems in volcanic regions is complicated by the fact that the sought-after marker horizons are mainly hidden under a thick cover of lava flows and sheets. This circumstance particularly necessitates the use of a combination of various research methods during water exploration and prospecting.