bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landscape complexity effects on Brassicogethes aeneus abundance and larval parasitism rate: a two-year field study
Authors: Vilumets Silva , Kaasik Riina , Lof Marjolein , Kovács Gabriella , Holland John , Veromann Eve
Published: December 2023

Global biodiversity has suffered a decline primarily attributed to landscape simplification and intensified agricultural practices. Agricultural environments, characterized by homogeneity and frequent disturbances, are often suboptimal habitats for various insect species. While agricultural fields do favour pests, they generally fail to provide suitable habitats for natural enemies. The inclusion of diverse supporting habitats, such as semi-natural habitats, grassy and woody field margins etc. surrounding agricultural fields, play a crucial role in fostering effective biodiversity conservation. Moreover, determining the influence of different adjacent habitat types is essential in elucidating their influence on pest abundance and parasitism rates. Our two-year field study focused on assessing the abundance of Brassicogethes aeneus and its parasitism rate. The findings revealed that the adjacent habitat type did not significantly increase pest abundance and the parasitism rate of B. aeneus larvae consistently stayed over the threshold for effective biological control throughout the fields. This was attributed to the high proportion (35 and 38% in the 2 study years) of semi-natural habitats within most of the 1 km radius study areas. While our study did not identify any specific adjacent habitat type or habitat within a 1 km radius that directly impacted B. aeneus abundance, it emphasises the intricate interplay between the pests, parasitism and the surrounding environment because the interactive effect of distance from the crop edge and habitat type had a significant influence on B. aeneus infestation levels but not on parasitism. Decision tree analysis suggests that > 18% semi-natural habitat is needed to ensure sufficient levels of parasitism for effective biological control. A comprehensive understanding of habitats that influence not only B. aeneus but also other pests is critical for the successful implementation of IPM strategies and conservation initiatives within the agricultural sector.
Irradiation of human oral mucosa by 233 nm far UV-C LEDs for the safe inactivation of nosocomial pathogens
Authors: Schleusener Johannes , Lohan Silke B. , Busch Loris , Zamudio Díaz Daniela F. , Opitz Nevin , Sicher Claudia , Lichtenthäler Tom , Danker Kerstin , Dommerich Steffen , Filler Thomas , Meinke Martina C. , Zwicker Paula
Published: December 2023

The inactivation of multi resistant pathogens is an important clinical need. One approach is UV-C irradiation, which was previously not possible in vivo due to cytotoxicity. Recently, far UV-C irradiation at λ < 240 nm was successfully used on skin with negligible damage. A potential application site is the nasal vestibule, where MRSA accumulates and cannot be treated using antiseptics. We irradiated 3D mucosa models and excised human mucosa with 222 and 233 nm far UV-C in comparison to 254 nm and broadband UV-B. Eradication efficiency was evaluated by counting colony forming units; irritation potential was evaluated by hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane assay and trans epithelial electrical resistance; cell viability was assessed by MTT. DNA damage and cell protective mechanisms were evaluated immunohistopathologically. On mucosa models, MRSA reduced by ≈ 5 log10 for 60 mJ/cm2 irradiation at 233 nm. A slightly increased cell viability was observed after 24 h. Lower doses showed lower irritation potential than the positive controls or commercial mouthwash, while 80 mJ/cm2 had strong irritation potential. DNA damage occurred only superficially and decreased after 24 h. On excised human mucosa, < 10% of keratinocytes were affected after 150 mJ/cm2 222 nm or 60 mJ/cm2 233 nm.
Chromium (III) removal by perennial emerging macrophytes in floating treatment wetlands
Authors: Nawrot Nicole , Wojciechowska Ewa , Mohsin Muhammad , Kuittinen Suvi , Pappinen Ari , Matej-Łukowicz Karolina , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Cichowska Agnieszka , Irshad Muhammad Atif , Tack Filip M. G.
Published: December 2023

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a sustainable solution to treat polluted water, but their role in chromium (Cr(III)) removal under neutral pH conditions remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the potential of FTWs planted with two perennial emergent macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus, to remove Cr(III) and nutrients (N and PO4-P) from water containing 7.5 mg/L TN, 1.8 mg/L PO4-P, and Cr(III) (500, 1000, and 2000 µg/L). Within 1 h of exposure, up to 96–99% of Cr was removed from the solution, indicating rapid precipitation. After 50 days, Phragmites bound 9–19% of added Cr, while Iris bound 5–22%. Both species accumulated Cr primarily in the roots (BCF > 1). Biomass production and growth development were inhibited in Cr treatments, but microscopic examination of plant roots revealed no histological changes at 500 and 1000 µg/L Cr, suggesting high resistance of the tested species. At 2000 µg/L Cr, both species exhibited disruptions in the arrangement of vessel elements in the stele and increased aerenchyma spaces in Phragmites. At the end of the experiment, 70–86% of TN and 54–90% of PO4-P were removed.
Hydrogen-rich water: a key player in boosting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling growth and drought resilience
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Shorna Most. Nourin Akther , Islam Shirmin , Biswas Suvro , Biswas Jui , Islam Synthia , Dutta Amit Kumar , Uddin Md. Salah , Zaman Shahriar , Akhtar-E-Ekram Md. , Syed Asad , Wong Ling Shing , Islam Md Sayeedul , Saleh Md. Abu
Published: December 2023

In the modern world, wheat, a vital global cereal and the second most consumed, is vulnerable to climate change impacts. These include erratic rainfall and extreme temperatures, endangering global food security. Research on hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has gained momentum in plant and agricultural sciences due to its diverse functions. This study examined the effects of different HRW treatment durations on wheat, revealing that the 4-h treatment had the highest germination rate, enhancing potential, vigor, and germination indexes. This treatment also boosted relative water content, root and shoot weight, and average lengths. Moreover, the 4-h HRW treatment resulted in the highest chlorophyll and soluble protein concentrations in seeds while reducing cell death. The 4-h and 5-h HRW treatments significantly increased H2O2 levels, with the highest NO detected in both root and shoot after 4-h HRW exposure. Additionally, HRW-treated seeds exhibited increased Zn and Fe concentrations, along with antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, APX) in roots and shoots. These findings suggest that HRW treatment could enhance wheat seed germination, growth, and nutrient absorption, thereby increasing agricultural productivity. Molecular analysis indicated significant upregulation of the Dreb1 gene with a 4-h HRW treatment. Thus, it shows promise in addressing climate change effects on wheat production. Therefore, HRW treatment could be a hopeful strategy for enhancing wheat plant drought tolerance, requiring further investigation (field experiments) to validate its impact on plant growth and drought stress mitigation.
Assessment of small strain modulus in soil using advanced computational models
Authors: Fan Hongfei , Hang Tianzhu , Song Yujia , Liang Ke , Zhu Shengdong , Fan Lifeng
Published: December 2023

Small-strain shear modulus ($$G_0$$

G
0

) of soils is a crucial dynamic parameter that significantly impacts seismic site response analysis and foundation design. $$G_0$$

G
0

is susceptible to multiple factors, including soil uniformity coefficient ($$C_u$$

C
u

), void ratio (e), mean particle size ($$d_{50}$$

d
50

), and confining stress ($$\sigma '$$

σ
′

). This study aims to establish a $$G_0$$

G
0

database and suggests three advanced computational models for $$G_0$$

G
0

prediction. Nine performance indicators, including four new indices, are employed to calculate and analyze the model’s performance. The XGBoost model outperforms the other two models, with all three models achieving $$R^2$$

R
2

values exceeding 0.9, RMSE values below 30, MAE values below 25, VAF values surpassing 80%, and ARE values below 50%. Compared to the empirical formula-based traditional prediction models, the model proposed in this study exhibits better performance in IOS, IOA, a20-index, and PI metrics values. The model has higher prediction accuracy and better generalization ability.
An umbrella review of effectiveness and efficacy trials for app-based health interventions
Authors: Chong Sherry On Ki , Pedron Sara , Abdelmalak Nancy , Laxy Michael , Stephan Anna-Janina
Published: December 2023

Health interventions based on mobile phone or tablet applications (apps) are promising tools to help patients manage their conditions more effectively. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on efficacy and effectiveness of such interventions is increasingly available. This umbrella review aimed at mapping and narratively summarizing published systematic reviews on efficacy and effectiveness of mobile app-based health interventions within patient populations. We followed a pre-specified publicly available protocol. Systematic reviews were searched in two databases from inception until August 28, 2023. Reviews that included RCTs evaluating integrated or stand-alone health app interventions in patient populations with regard to efficacy/effectiveness were considered eligible. Information on indications, outcomes, app characteristics, efficacy/effectiveness results and authors’ conclusions was extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We identified 48 systematic reviews published between 2013 and 2023 (35 with meta-analyses) that met our inclusion criteria. Eleven reviews included a broad spectrum of conditions, thirteen focused on diabetes, five on anxiety and/or depression, and others on various other indications. Reported outcomes ranged from medication adherence to laboratory, anthropometric and functional parameters, symptom scores and quality of life. Fourty-one reviews concluded that health apps may be effective in improving health outcomes. We rated one review as moderate quality. Here we report that the synthesized evidence on health app effectiveness varies largely between indications. Future RCTs should consider reporting behavioral (process) outcomes and measures of healthcare resource utilization to provide deeper insights on mechanisms that make health apps effective, and further elucidate their impact on healthcare systems.
NLRP1- A CINDERELLA STORY: a perspective of recent advances in NLRP1 and the questions they raise
Authors: Barry Kristian , Murphy Christopher , Mansell Ashley
Published: December 2023

NLRP1, while the first inflammasome described, has only recently begun to gain significant attention in disease pathology, inflammation research, and potentially, as a therapeutic target. Recently identified human variants provide key insights into NLRP1 biology while its unique expression in barrier cells such as keratinocytes and airway epithelial cells has aligned with new, human specific agonists. This differentiates NLRP1 from other inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and identifies it as a key therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Indeed, recent discoveries highlight that NLRP1 may be the predominant inflammasome in human barrier cells, its primary role akin to NLRP3, to respond to cellular stress. This review focuses on recent studies identifying new human-specific NLRP1 mechanisms of activation of, gain-of-function human variants and disease, its role in responding to cellular stress, and discuss potential advances and the therapeutic potential for NLRP1.
On-water surface synthesis of electronically coupled 2D polyimide-MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Prasoon Anupam , Yang Hyejung , Hambsch Mike , Nguyen Nguyen Ngan , Chung Sein , Müller Alina , Wang Zhiyong , Lan Tianshu , Fontaine Philippe , Kühne Thomas D. , Cho Kilwon , Nia Ali Shaygan , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang
Published: December 2023

The water surface provides a highly effective platform for the synthesis of two-dimensional polymers (2DP). In this study, we present an efficient on-water surface synthesis of crystalline monolayer 2D polyimide (2DPI) through the imidization reaction between tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (M1) and perylenetracarboxylic dianhydride (M2), resulting in excellent stability and coverage over a large area (tens of cm2). We further fabricate innovative organic-inorganic hybrid van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) by combining with exfoliated few-layer molybdenum sulfide (MoS2). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals face-to-face stacking between MoS2 and 2DPI within the vdWH. This stacking configuration facilitates remarkable charge transfer and noticeable n-type doping effects from monolayer 2DPI to MoS2, as corroborated by Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence measurements, and field-effect transistor (FET) characterizations. Notably, the 2DPI-MoS2 vdWH exhibits an impressive electron mobility of 50 cm2/V·s, signifying a substantial improvement over pristine MoS2 (8 cm2/V·s). This study unveils the immense potential of integrating 2D polymers to enhance semiconductor device functionality through tailored vdWHs, thereby opening up exciting new avenues for exploring unique interfacial physical phenomena.
Oceanic eddies induce a rapid formation of an internal wave continuum
Authors: Yang Luwei , Barkan Roy , Srinivasan Kaushik , McWilliams James C. , Shakespeare Callum J. , Gibson Angus H.
Published: December 2023

Oceanic internal waves are a major driver for turbulent mixing in the ocean, which controls the global overturning circulation and the oceanic heat and carbon transport. Internal waves are observed to have a continuous energy distribution across all wave frequencies and scales, commonly known as the internal wave continuum, despite being forced at near-inertial and tidal frequencies at large scales. This internal wave continuum is widely thought to be developed primarily through wave-wave interactions. Here we show, using realistic numerical simulations in the subpolar North Atlantic, that oceanic eddies rapidly distribute large-scale wind-forced near-inertial wave energy across spatio-temporal scales, thereby forming an internal wave continuum within three weeks. As a result, wave energy dissipation patterns are controlled by eddies and are substantially enhanced below the mixed layer. The efficiency of this process potentially explains why a phase lag between high-frequency and near-inertial wave energy was observed in eddy-poor regions but not in eddy-rich regions. Our findings highlight the importance of eddies in forming an internal wave continuum and in controlling upper ocean mixing patterns.
A deep network DeepOpacityNet for detection of cataracts from color fundus photographs
Authors: Elsawy Amr , Keenan Tiarnan D. L. , Chen Qingyu , Thavikulwat Alisa T. , Bhandari Sanjeeb , Quek Ten Cheer , Goh Jocelyn Hui Lin , Tham Yih-Chung , Cheng Ching-Yu , Chew Emily Y. , Lu Zhiyong
Published: December 2023

Background

Cataract diagnosis typically requires in-person evaluation by an ophthalmologist. However, color fundus photography (CFP) is widely performed outside ophthalmology clinics, which could be exploited to increase the accessibility of cataract screening by automated detection.

Methods

DeepOpacityNet was developed to detect cataracts from CFP and highlight the most relevant CFP features associated with cataracts. We used 17,514 CFPs from 2573 AREDS2 participants curated from the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study 2 (AREDS2) dataset, of which 8681 CFPs were labeled with cataracts. The ground truth labels were transferred from slit-lamp examination of nuclear cataracts and reading center grading of anterior segment photographs for cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts. DeepOpacityNet was internally validated on an independent test set (20%), compared to three ophthalmologists on a subset of the test set (100 CFPs), externally validated on three datasets obtained from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study (SEED), and visualized to highlight important features.

Results

Internally, DeepOpacityNet achieved a superior accuracy of 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–0.68) and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70–0.74), compared to that of other state-of-the-art methods. DeepOpacityNet achieved an accuracy of 0.75, compared to an accuracy of 0.67 for the ophthalmologist with the highest performance. Externally, DeepOpacityNet achieved AUC scores of 0.86, 0.88, and 0.89 on SEED datasets, demonstrating the generalizability of our proposed method. Visualizations show that the visibility of blood vessels could be characteristic of cataract absence while blurred regions could be characteristic of cataract presence.

Conclusions

DeepOpacityNet could detect cataracts from CFPs in AREDS2 with performance superior to that of ophthalmologists and generate interpretable results. The code and models are available at https://github.com/ncbi/DeepOpacityNet (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10127002).
Considerations of Amphibian Models and Testing Paradigms for Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Johnson Mark S. , Pillard David
Published: December 2023

Amphibians are unique among vertebrates in their physiological and life-history adaptations. Amphibians are particularly challenging given their multi-phasic existence that enables some species to exist in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. With increasing human encroachments, amphibians face multiple stressors, including habitat destruction, climate change and pollution. The use of amphibians in toxicity testing protocols to enable environmental risk assessment applications has served to help make management decisions regarding hazardous substances released into the environment. Toxicity testing protocols that use larval amphibians are predominantly exposed through test compounds administered to the water. However, for terrestrial forms (e.g., frogs, toads and salamanders), examples are provided where test compounds were mixed into soil and sediments. Oral exposure routes for adult amphibians are complicated by practical considerations in exposing prey and inadvertent soil ingestion. In this chapter, we discuss the available science in controlled testing protocols and their potential risk assessment applications while recognizing some of the advantages, disadvantages and uncertainties.
Risk Assessment Studies in Amphibians: The Case of Nanoparticles in the Aquatic Medium
Authors: Mouchet Florence , Gauthier Laury
Published: December 2023

The chapter introduces the field of ecotoxicology and focuses on the emerging field of nanoecotoxicology. The use of three amphibian species in evaluating the potential risks associated with exposure to nanoparticles in the context of ecological risk assessment (ERA) is reported and then discussed. Xenopus laevis (Anura, Pipidae), Pleurodeles waltl (Urodela, Salamandridae) and Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela, Ambistomidae) exhibit varying levels of toxicity to nanoparticles. Genotoxic effects were observed during the exposure of amphibian larvae to certain nanoparticles, which makes amphibians a suitable model for assessing their genetic hazards in ERA. The study proposes using larval growth inhibition as a parameter to evaluate the chronic effects of exposure to nanoparticles. Finally, the article proposes using a combination of ecotoxicological tools, such as monospecific tests, batteries of standardized tests and studies in microcosms or mesocosms, to develop a regulatory approach to nanoparticles in the environment. Overall, the chapter proposes to demonstrate the significance of amphibians in ERA and their potential to contribute to a “Safer by Design” approach to product development.
Anatomy and Biology of Hair at Different Ages
Authors: Pelissier-Alicot A. L.
Published: December 2023

Often considered as a mini-organ, human hair displays complex functions. Adult hair is divided into two parts: the hair shaft, composed of dead, fully keratinized epithelial cells visible on the surface of the scalp, and the root, which includes the hair follicle and its appendages, the sweat and sebaceous glands as well as the arrector muscle, to form the pilosebaceous unit. The follicle presents a continuous cycle of growth and regression, controlled by an environment requiring surrounding niches for hair follicle stem cells and various signaling pathways. To achieve such a complex organization between hair follicles and the surrounding environment, sophisticated morphogenesis is required during embryonic development. Indeed, hair development begins around the eighth week of fetal development and consists of three phases, induction, organogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. This process requires close interaction between the ectoderm and the mesoderm via growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and hormones. The first hair emerges in successive waves and presents different morphological and growth characteristics from the terminal hair, which appears between 12 and 18 months. Comprehension of these phenomena is essential to understand the mechanisms of drug incorporation into hair, as well as the difficulties of interpretation of the concentrations, particularly in early childhood.
Insight Into Drug Extraction from the Keratin Matrix
Authors: Jurado Carmen
Published: December 2023

Extraction of drugs from the hair matrix is the most critical step in hair analysis. Drugs are bound to keratin, melanin, and other components of hair. During the extraction process they must be released from these unions. The extraction conditions must be carefully selected, since they must be able to extract all the xenobiotics present in the hair and, at the same time, they must not alter the chemical structure or degrade the molecules, especially the most labile ones, such as cocaine or heroin. A variety of extraction methods can be used, and the difference lies in the ability to act on the hair matrix. They range from a simple incubation with apolar solvents, acidic or buffer solutions with different pH to the dissolution of the protein matrix by enzymatic or alkaline digestions. All of these will be reviewed in this chapter and their efficiency to extract different groups of compounds will be compared.
Solvent Properties
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio
Published: December 2023

Solvents are essential reaction media in coordination chemistry. The yields of the products and the underlying mechanism of chemical reactions or equilibria of chemical species in solution depend on the solvents and their properties. This chapter presents the types of solvents including newly developed supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Then, the macroscopic properties of solvents are described in terms of conventional physicochemical parameters, such as dielectric constants, polarity, etc. Finally, examples of various solvent parameters proposed are given to characterize the properties of solvents.
Reactions and Equilibria of Metal Complexes Under High Pressure
Authors: Ishihara K.
Published: December 2023

The historical background of the use of activation volumes in the study of reaction mechanisms of metal complexes in solution, such as solvent exchange reactions, complex formation reactions, and ligand substitution reactions, is briefly reviewed. The basic terms of the activation and reaction volumes obtained from the pressure dependence of the rate constant and the pressure dependence of the equilibrium constant, respectively, are described.
Complex Formation in Hyperalkaline Solutions
Authors: Kutus Bence , Sipos Pál
Published: December 2023

Strongly alkaline conditions in aqueous systems may give rise to the formation of novel, so far undiscovered metal complexes, and crystallization from these systems often yields solid materials with peculiar local structures. This is of particular importance from a practical point of view, since the knowledge of the structure and dynamics of these solution species could be the key to understand and to manipulate a large variety of processes, both industrial and geochemical. The current contribution is focused on solution species with ligands as hydroxides, organic molecules with O-donor atoms, or both, which do not form or are undetectable at moderate pH. The possible formation of polynuclear complexes as well as various dehydration products is also discussed. A further important aspect is the characterization of the solids obtained from these systems in terms of both the local symmetry of the complexing ion, i.e. interrelations between solution and the solid structure or the lack of them, and their morphology and/or composition. The general theme of this chapter is that hyperalkalinity, an extreme condition, and unusual chemical events are expected to occur under such conditions.
Resource Separation from Salt Lake Brine
Authors: Zhou Yongquan , Liu Zhong , Wang Min
Published: December 2023

Salt lakes contain abundant mineral resources such as sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), lithium (Li), boron (B), etc. In the past decades, great progress was achieved in salt lake resource exploitation. Researchers found that ion hydration and complex formation play very important roles in resource separation from salt lake brine. In the present chapter, a general routine for separation of K, Li, B and some rare metal ions from salt lake brine is described, and here we focus on the ion hydration effect based mainly on works from the last decade.
Composition of indoor organic surface films in residences: simulating the influence of sources, partitioning, particle deposition, and air exchange
Authors: Cummings Bryan E. , Lakey Pascale S. J. , Morrison Glenn C. , Shiraiwa Manabu , Waring Michael S.
Published: December 2023

Monte Carlo simulations of long-term indoor organic surface film growth were done. Film composition was resolved by volatility, particle deposition or gas absorption formation mechanisms, and indoor source process.
CuI-catalyzed regioselective hydrothiolation of alkynes: a thiol-free route to (Z)-β-alkenyl sulfides
Authors: Nowrouzi Najmeh , Abbasi Mohammad , Safari Ensieh , Arman Amin
Published: December 2023

Regioselective synthesis of alkenyl sulfides from aryl/alkyl halides using potassium isopropylxanthate as a source of sulfur.
Cyclododecene isomeric separation by (supported) rhodium(i)-catalysed selective dehydrogenative borylation reaction
Authors: Singh Amravati S. , Leyva-Pérez Antonio
Published: December 2023

A commercially available mixture of cis and trans cyclododecene can be separated after the selective dehydrogenative borylation reaction of the cis isomer, catalyzed by Rh(i) either in soluble complex or solid supported form.
High-performance top-emitting quantum dot light-emitting diodes by balancing electrical conductance and light outcoupling
Authors: Wang Weigao , Wu Zhenghui , Mei Guanding , Ma Jingrui , An Hua , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei , Peng Zhengchun
Published: December 2023

We present a method for fabricating top-emitting quantum dot light-emitting diodes (TE-QLEDs) with high performance through a solution-based process. The red-emitting TE-QLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.1%.
Scale‐preserving shape reconstruction from monocular endoscope image sequences by supervised depth learning
Authors: Masuda Takeshi , Sagawa Ryusuke , Furukawa Ryo , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: December 2023

Reconstructing 3D shapes from images are becoming popular, but such methods usually estimate relative depth maps with ambiguous scales. A method for reconstructing a scale‐preserving 3D shape from monocular endoscope image sequences through training an absolute depth prediction network is proposed. First, a dataset of synchronized sequences of RGB images and depth maps is created using an endoscope simulator. Then, a supervised depth prediction network is trained that estimates a depth map from a RGB image minimizing the loss compared to the ground‐truth depth map. The predicted depth map sequence is aligned to reconstruct a 3D shape. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real endoscope image sequence.
Seismic hazard assessment of Bengkulu City using probabilistic method
Authors: Delfebriyadi
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the seismic hazard assessment which involved spectral hazard for a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the bedrock of Bengkulu City. The analysis was performed using the total probability theorem with a 2D seismic source model. The final results are the peak ground acceleration and the spectral acceleration on the bedrock for 475-year return periods.
Analysis of potential conflict roles for Bekasi Regency in mitigating the rob flood disaster on the Muaragembong Coast West Java Province Indonesia
Authors: Kurniadi Anwar , Syamsunasir  , Ketut Kerta Widana I. Dewa
Published: December 2023

Coastal management authority that is owned by more than one party will facilitate role conflicts in handling tidal floods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential conflict over the role of the local government of Bekasi Regency in dealing with the tidal flood disaster on Muaragembong Beach. The research method uses qualitative descriptive design. Data analysis uses the steps of data collection, data presentation, data condensation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the handling of tidal floods will not be resolved soon. This is because the Ministry of Forestry and the Environment still insists on having full authority over the land on the coast of Muaragembong, so the District Government does not have a strong aspect of handling it and is supported by the view that tidal flooding is occurring within normal limits. Finally, the regional government of Bekasi Regency has no contingency planning for tidal floods, has not made structural and non-structural mitigation programs, and only wants to provide assistance to disasters that are not related to tidal floods.
Risk mitigation plan for startup company Aplikasi Kriya Pratama
Authors: Fithri Prima , Octariva Syarez Viola , Hasan Alizar , Syafrizal  , Games Donard , Pawenary  , Satria Prabuwono Anton
Published: December 2023

A startup is an institution that develops new, technology-based innovative products. PT Aplikasi Kriya Pratama is a startup company operating in the fields of education and health tech businesses. Typically, startup companies are still in the development stage, and as a result, many of these startups experience failures. Therefore, risk management is necessary, involving the identification of uncertainties, risks, and potential impacts that may occur at PT Aplikasi Kriya Pratama in the education field. The purpose of this research is to propose prioritized risk mitigation actions at PT Aplikasi Kriya Pratama. The methods used to assess risks are Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). FMEA is a structured procedure for identifying and preventing as many failure modes as possible, while FTA is a technique commonly used for studies related to the reliability risk of an engineering system. The expected outcome of this research is to assist PT Aplikasi Kriya Pratama in reducing the exposure to prioritized risks that could potentially impact the company.
Effect of physical environmental characteristics on landslide potential in Kuranji Watershed, Padang-West Sumatera
Authors: Andriani  , Rahmadani Tri , Trio Syuheri Berlian , Syukur Masril
Published: December 2023

West Sumatra is one province prone to natural disasters, including landslides. Changes in environmental characteristics such as slope geometry conditions, vegetation density, and changes in land use will affect the coefficient of runoff and rainwater filtration, thus triggering landslides. In addition, natural factors such as geological conditions, soil types, rainfall, seismicity, and others significantly affect the potential for landslides. This study aims to analyze the potential for landslides due to changes in the characteristics of the physical environment in the Kuranji Watershed, Padang. Data on the characteristics of the physical environment and its changes were collected from various sources and then analyzed to determine changes in the characteristics of the physical environment in the Kuranji watershed, Padang. Mapping of the physical characteristics of the research area includes soil type, rainfall, geological conditions, seismicity factors, the topography of the area, changes in land use and vegetation density, and their influence on the potential for landslide hazards. The study results are thematic geospatial information on landslide-prone areas in the Kuranji watershed, Padang. This mapping can be used as a reference for disaster mitigation and spatial planning in Padang City, especially in the Kuranji watershed.
Sustainability assessment of economic recovery program in post disaster area at Susup Village, Central Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Hery Suhartoyo , Eny Supartini , Hefri Oktoyoki , Mustopa Romdhon , Ridha Novanda , Budiyanto
Published: December 2023

This article addresses the sustainability of post disaster assistance program for economic recovery in the context of the 2019’s Flood and landslide in Bengkulu Province by presenting an analysis of its sustainability (e.g., Exit Strategy) of the economic recovery program. The purpose of this sustainability assessment were: first, to ensure that that the program will continue to run even though the program will be ended; and second, to ensure the process of business still running and the member of business group take initiative to have better motivation towards a better situation and increased their income. Data was gathered through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and analysed using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) approach. Based on the MDS analyses for all dimensions was resulted an index of 58.88%, meaning that the program was “moderately/sufficiently sustainable” for the business groups in Susup Village, Merigi Sakti District, Central Bengkulu
Analysis the readiness of implementing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) at dr. Rasidin Padang Regional Public Health Hospital
Authors: Siswati Sri , Muslimah Dian , Syafrawati
Published: December 2023

Regulation of the Minister Health of the Republic Indonesia No. 24, 2022 concerning EMR states that all health service facilities are required to maintain EMR no later than December 31, 2023. Therefore, dr. Rasidin Padang as a health service facility is also required to carry out EMR. This study aimed to analyze the readiness of implementing EMR at dr. Rasidin Padang. The research was conducted from November to June 2023 using qualitative methods and conducted on 6 informants by purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation. The results showed that in terms of organizational culture readiness, there is no timeline for planning activities and policies for the implementation of EMR. In terms of the readiness of human resources, there has been no training related to the implementation of EMR. In terms of computer hardware readiness, the software is still in the stage of perfecting the EMR application. EMR implementation readiness still needs to be improved, such as organizational culture readiness, Human Resources (HR), hardware, and software readiness. Hoped that the hospital will encourage readiness in the transition to electronic medical records with socialization and training that needs to be held immediately considering that EMR must be carried out no later than December 31, 2023.
The influence of cement substitution with rice husk ash on high-strength concrete
Authors: Satwarnirat  , Archenita Dwina , Eldiswari Zikra , Silvianengsih  , Yuliet Rina
Published: December 2023

High-strength concrete is a crucial construction material in modern infrastructure development. It involves replacing some conventional raw materials with environmentally friendly alternatives to enhance concrete quality. Rice husk ash (RHA) is an agricultural waste that contains natural pozzolanic materials capable of improving the mechanical properties and strength of concrete. The use of rice husk ash (RHA) in high-strength concrete mixtures has the potential to reduce cement consumption and enhance crack resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of substituting cement with rice husk ash (RHA) and adding superplasticizer on the compressive strength of concrete. The targeted concrete strength is 45 MPa with variations of rice husk ash substitution at 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. This research obtained the compressive strength of concrete at 7 days with variations of 5% at 30.59 MPa, 10% at 25.20 MPa, and 15% at 20.77 MPa. Subsequently, at 14 days, the compressive strength increased with variations of 5% at 37.48 MPa, 10% at 27.56 MPa, and 15% at 22.23 MPa. The compressive strength continued to rise at 28 days, with variations of 5% at 44.26 MPa, 10% at 29.36 MPa, and 15% at 29.19 MPa.
Observing Bupati leadership on peatlands protection at The Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency
Authors: Kabullah Muhammad Ichsan , Koeswara Hendri , Rahman Fajri , Yulivestra Malse , Simabura Charles , Aromatica Desna , Liesmana Roza
Published: December 2023

The issue of forest fires has become a high concern for many parties. The recurrent disasters of forest fires due to the degradation of peatlands functions require responsive leadership. Therefore, this article examines the leadership of the Bupati/ Regional Head of Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Romi Hariyanto, in protecting peatlands. We found that peatlands protection is not easy to do by the local governments. Reflecting on the Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Bupati is facing the problem of limited budget capacity and disharmony among programs. However, the weakness was covered by his leadership which was firm and consistent in enforcing the rules. In the end, disaster policy management requires strategic and adaptive leadership.
Implementation of disaster response policy in Indonesia
Authors: Ruswandi Dody , Maarif Syamsul
Published: December 2023

According to the Word Risk Report (WRI) 2022, Indonesia is the third most prone disaster countries in the world, with risk index is 39,89. Measures have been taken by the government of Indonesia to reduce disaster impacts within the country, however such measures have been conducted particularly on the fase of disaster response only. Although the policies and procedures to undertake the disaster response are in place, the actual disaster relief actions are still conducted uncoordinatedly, even failed to reach the mission accomplishment. This study has been conducted in order to find out solutions in undertaking disaster response management based on previous best practices in several major disasters in the country. Authors highlighted what went wrong and what successfully conducted and why related stakeholders failed to implement such policies. In this study authors found that there are 6 (six) findings that lead to disaster response management failures such as; 1) understanding of existing response policies, 2) response mechanism guidelines, 3) cluster mechanism, 4) fasilitative leadersip, 5) civil-military coordination, 6) disaster response exercise. Authors conclude that the government needs additional relevant policies in order to fill the gap among existing policies to enhance a better disaster response in the future.
Estimation of the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Solok Selatan
Authors: Oktamuliani Sri , Sabila Nurul Khaira
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to minimize radiation risk in Solok Selatan by analyzing active concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, calculating excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) from annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE). Soil samples from seven sites in the Solok Selatan, 0 – 5 cm deep, were tested with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. 232Th concentrations exceeded the established global standard of 30 Bq/kg. In addition, the study included the determination of Radium Equivalent (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rate (D), AEDE, and ELCR. Annual effective dose ranged from 68.33 to 19.92 μSv/y, below the global average of 80 μSv/y. The ELCR, the critical measure for understanding potential health risks, was 0.27 ± 0.12 x 10-3, under the global average of 0.29 x 10-3. Interestingly, areas closer to the geothermal sources, especially Koto Baru and Sungai Pagu, showed slightly higher natural radioactivity and corresponding effects. These findings emphasize the importance of rigorous surveillance and proactive measures in areas with high radioactivity characteristics. In summary, the results of this study provide important insights into the radiological landscape of Solok Selatan, urgently assisting in addressing potential health risks through informed risk assessment and strategies.
Characteristics and tendencies of the Gumanti Valley rainfall pattern towards erosivity as a mitigation effort in facing the threat of climate hazards
Authors: Fadila Riska , Aprisal
Published: December 2023

Rainfall is one of the most important climatic parameters in the agricultural sector. Each raindrop contains kinetic energy that can destroy soil particles and carry them away to lower places. Nutrients located in the top layer of soil are susceptible to erosion, which decreases soil productivity. Rainfall patterns are formed due to global, regional, and local factors that influence them. Changes in rainfall patterns will affect erosivity. The rainfall data used in this study came from the cooperation rain post of the West Sumatra Climatology Station located in Lembah Gumanti. Linear regression was used to assess the rainfall trend and Bols erosivity to calculate the effect of rainfall on erosion. The trend of rainfall in the Lembah Gumanti from 2014–2022 showed a value of +0.195, and the largest erosivity value occurred in 2020 as a result of the La Nina climate phenomenon. This research shows that an increase in rainfall will be followed by an increase in erosivity. High erosivity is feared to threaten the availability of soil nutrients, so mitigation efforts need to be made in anticipation of the threat of climate hazards for agricultural areas located in the highlands, such as the Lembah Gumanti region.
The potential utilization of solid waste as alternative fuel in cement industry (case study of PT Semen Padang)
Authors: Ruslinda Yenni , Rohasyah Arraisya , Lestari Resti Ayu , Durmalay Sarman
Published: December 2023

To reduce fossil fuel usage and promote eco-friendly energy, PT Semen Padang uses Alternative Fuels (AF) instead of coal. This study focuses on projecting the use of solid waste as AF from 2023-2030. It compares the waste's calorific value and proximate analysis with standards, calculates its potential use based on the Thermal Substitution Rate (TSR), and plans the necessary equipment. The tested waste includes Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE), rice husk, calliandra, palm fiber, and sawdust. The AF's characterization follows ASTM D 2015 for calorific value and ASTM 3172-3175 for proximate analysis. Results are compared to the RDF Specification Guidelines of 2017. The largest volume of waste used as AF is SBE (35,060 tons/year), while the smallest is 397 tons/year in stage III (2029-2030). Rice husk, calliandra, and sawdust meet the standards for AF in cement production. SBE doesn't meet the calorific value and ash content standard, and palm fiber doesn't meet the moisture content standard. The potential use of solid waste as AF reaches PT Semen Padang's target of 5.792% from 2023-2027. The necessary equipment for waste utilization as AF includes a shredder, dryer, mixing machine, and pyrolysis reactor.
Physical integration of the existing condition of intermodal public transportation transfer points in Padang City, Indonesia
Authors: Yosritzal  , Purnawan  , Hidayat Eka Ochtomy
Published: December 2023

Based on Padang City Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS Kota Padang), there was an increase in tbe number of motor vehicles by 4.013% in 2023 from the previous year. It will have a negative impact on congestion and air pollution in the short term and long term. Therefore, intermodal integration is needed in order to optimalize the public transport service system. It is necessary for researching the integration of public transportation facilities and infrastructure to find out the problematic aspects of physical integration. This paper will discuss about the results of observations on physical integration of existing facilities and infrastructure in the intermodal public transportation area.
Typology of post-disaster relief houses in Palu and Sigi, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Adamy Aulina , Aini Qurratul , Meillyta  , Maharani Lisa
Published: December 2023

It has been five years since the earthquake disaster followed with tsunami, liquification, and landslide in 2028 in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are several varieties of house designs due to different type of disasters, locations, and donors. This study objective is to collect the house designs and evaluate it through typology analysis. Qualitative approached was conducted by field observation to redraw the house and taking pictures for analysis. Total five types of relief houses observed from all the different types of disaster. Most of them are grounded with 36m2 size except one stilt house size is 72m2. The house including two bedrooms and one bathroom but no kitchen. As part of the government innovation of earthquake resistant house named “RISHA”, it is compulsory to use it if the reconstruction source was government fund. From five houses sample, three of them used RISHA while the rest are RIKO and the other one is using conwood panel wall. The main problem found in this house is sustainability issue. As most of the relief house cannot extend using the same structure and materials. Designed for one story only, it is challenging for them to add space with limited land.
Economic and financial feasibility analysis of Pekanbaru–Padang trans sumatera toll road, Padang–Sicincin section
Authors: Primadia Rahadatul , Purnawan
Published: December 2023

The 36.6 Km Padang – Sicincin toll road project is 1 of the Pekanbaru – Padang toll road section which has a total length of 254 Km. Feasibility analysis is conducted to determine the economic and financial perspective of the project. The data consist of primary and secondary data, which will be process to obtain values such as the movement of vehicle due to the existence of the toll road using the JICA 1 model, the project costs, and the project benefits including savings Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) using the Pacific Consultant International (PCI) method, time value using the Jasa Marga method, and toll revenue. The result of economic analysis show that Padang – Sicincin toll road is economically feasible with value of BCR is 1.387 > 1, NPV Rp 2,378,624,928,805 > 0, and EIRR 7.35 % > 5.75 % (discount rate). And financial analysis show that Padang – Sicincin toll road is financially feasible with value of BCR is 1.478 > 1, NPV Rp 2,930,837,690,021 > 0, FIRR 7.85 % > 5.75 %, and PP 28 is 28 years 3 months < 40 years (planned project life).