bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary Medicine and Psoriasis: Linking the Patient’s Outlook with Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Ben-Arye E. , Ziv M. , Frenkel M. , Lavi I. , Rosenman D.
Published: October 2003

Background: There is increasing evidence for the extensive use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients with psoriasis. Clinical research in the arena of CAM and psoriasis treatment is evolving and includes some randomized controlled trials. Objective: To study CAM use among patients with psoriasis attending a dermatology clinic in a major university hospital in northern Israel. Prevalence, reasons for CAM use and its relevance to doctor-patient communication were emphasized. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with psoriasis patients in a dermatology clinic. Consent was obtained for 78 patients. Post-visit questionnaires were given to 5 physicians. Results: Seventy-eight patients with psoriasis were interviewed and 77 were studied. Sixty-two percent used CAM. Fifty-eight percent of users had seen a CAM practitioner. The study found a trend of CAM use among patients with psoriasis from Arab compared to Jewish descent (p = 0.087). CAM users reported on average 2 different CAM modalities. Herbal medicine and nutritional treatments ranked first, followed by homeopathy, traditional Chinese medicine and nutritional supplements. The main reason for CAM use was stated to be to do everything to heal the disease, followed by a quest for improved quality of life. Others mentioned an interest in a less toxic treatment, disappointment with conventional treatment and stress reduction. Well over half of the study participants and their dermatologists did not initiate a discussion about CAM use. The dermatologists’ ability to predict CAM use in their patients was relatively low. Conclusion: There is growing evidence of extensive CAM use among patients with psoriasis. Most patients use CAM as a complementary treatment, rather than an alternative to conventional treatment. Teaching CAM should be integrated into the dermatology residency curriculum. Dermatologists need to increase their awareness of CAM use by their patients in order to improve therapeutic communication.
Extensive Primary Ewings’ Sarcoma in the Greater Wing of the Sphenoid Bone
Authors: Apostolopoulos Kostas , Ferekidis Eleftherios
Published: October 2003

We describe a rare case of an extensive primary cranial Ewing’s sarcoma located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone with extension to the orbit, the endocranium, the parapharyngeal and infratemporal space. The patient presented with diplopia, anosmia and prolapse of the left eye. He was given chemo- and radiotherapy and was free of symptoms on re-examination 1.5 years later. The prognosis of Ewing’s sarcoma in the absence of surgery is uncertain, but prompt treatment appears to have a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. In the future, more cases should be studied in order to investigate the biological behaviour of a primary cranial Ewing’s sarcoma.
Sleep Apnea due to Kimura’s Disease of the Larynx
Authors: Okami Kenji , Onuki Junichi , Sakai Akihiro , Tanaka Rica , Hagino Hitoshi , Takahashi Masahiro
Published: October 2003

Kimura’s disease is a benign chronic granulomatous disease which presents as a subcutaneous swelling in the head and neck area. The histopathological feature consists of granuloma-forming lymphoid follicles with eosinophil infiltration. Kimura’s disease of the larynx is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. We report a 14-year-old boy who presented with sleep apnea. Laryngological study revealed a submucosal swelling of the bilateral false vocal cord. Histopathological examination showed lymphoid hyperplasia with marked infiltration of eosinophils, which was diagnosed as Kimura’s disease. After laser surgery, he had recurrent swelling of the false cord. The patient was given 30 mg of prednisolone, which was gradually tapered. The laryngeal swelling resolved, and the sleep apnea immediately improved after the treatment. However, a low dose of prednisolone was necessary to maintain the remission. Oral administration of pranlukast successfully supported the tapering of prednisolone.
Statistical Properties of Affected Sib-Pair Linkage Tests
Authors: Wu Chih-Chieh , Amos Christopher I.
Published: October 2003

Genetic linkage analysis is a powerful tool for the identification of disease susceptibility loci. Among the most commonly applied genetic linkage strategies are affected sib-pair tests, but the statistical properties of these tests have not been well characterized. Here, we present a study of the distribution of affected sib-pair tests comparing the type I error rate and the power of the mean test and the proportion test, which are the most commonly used, along with a novel exact test. In contrast to existing literature, our findings showed that the mean and proportion tests have inflated type I error rates, especially when used with small samples. We developed and applied corrections to the tests which provide an excellent adjustment to the type I error rate for both small and large samples. We also developed a novel approach to identify the areas of higher power for the mean test versus the proportion test, providing a wider and simpler comparison with fewer assumptions about parameter values than existing approaches require.
How to Model a Complex Trait
Authors: Strauch Konstantin , Fimmers Rolf , Baur Max P. , Wienker Thomas F.
Published: October 2003

Usually, when complex traits are at issue, not only are the loci of the responsible genes a priori unknown; the same also holds for the mode of inheritance of the trait, and sometimes even for the phenotype definition. The term mode of inheritance relates to both the genetic mechanism, i.e., the number of loci implicated in the etiology of the disease, and the genotype-phenotype relation, which describes the influence of these loci on the trait. Having an idea of the genetic model can crucially facilitate the mapping process. This holds especially in the context of linkage analysis, where an appropriate parametric model or a suitable nonparametric allele sharing statistic may accordingly be selected. Here, we review the difficulties with parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis when applied to multifactorial diseases. We address the question why it is necessary to adequately model a genetically complex trait in a linkage study, and elucidate the steps to do so. Furthermore, we discuss the value of including unaffected individuals into the analysis, as well as of looking at larger pedigrees, both with parametric and nonparametric methods. Our considerations and suggestions aim at guiding researchers to genotyping individuals at a trait locus as accurately as possible.
Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases – Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Peña A.S.
Published: October 2003

In this review, the evidence to support the multifactorial and polygenic nature of the disease is briefly described. The past of genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by unfulfilled promises and is now closed with a new vision and a new promise coming from a genetic epidemiology approach. The genome-wide screening has led to the first gene of IBD and has given a new insight into the regulation of chronic inflammation. The future of IBD will be under scrutiny of the visionaries, but also the skeptics and the enthusiasts.
Biological Therapy in IBD
Authors: Schölmerich Jürgen , Huber Gertrud
Published: October 2003

Currently used standard treatment in IBD is effective and sufficient for the majority of patients. Published numbers regarding therapy refractoriness are probably related to referral centers and not representative. Pharmacological optimization of available drugs improves the standard situation further. Biological therapies in a larger meaning are studied intensively, but obviously hopes are to some extent not real. Biological and for some principles clinical effects (i.e. TNF antibodies, CD4 antibodies) are proven, the effects are, however, limited and long-term risks and results are not clarified. Numerous approaches are not clinically relevantly effective which is, in particular, true for those inhibiting single mediators. A number of alternative concepts such as hormones and growth factors could be effective and will be studied further. In particular probiotics may be a development of the future and they belong to the ‘biologic treatments’ in the true sense.
Focus on Cat Allergen (Fel d 1): Immunological and Aerodynamic Characteristics, Modality of Airway Sensitization and Avoidance Strategies
Authors: Liccardi Gennaro , D’Amato Gennaro , Russo Maria , Canonica Giorgio Walter , D’Amato Luciana , De Martino Mariano , Passalacqua Giovanni
Published: October 2003

The increasing frequency of pet ownership (especially cats) in many industrialized countries has raised the level of exposure to the allergens produced by these animals. Moreover, it is likely that modern energy-saving systems and the wide use of upholstered furniture has resulted in closer contact between cats (and their allergens) and humans. Many different methods have been developed to quantify the main cat allergen (Fel d 1) in settled dust and in ambient air. The threshold levels of cat allergen inducing sensitization or triggering respiratory symptoms in sensitized patients have been calculated in settled dust, but airborne amounts of Fel d 1 probably represent a more reliable index of allergen exposure. Noticeably, the amount of Fel d 1 may be relatively high also in confined environments where cats have never been kept. It has been demonstrated that clothes of cat owners are the main source for dispersal of allergens in cat-free environments. This fact may be of relevance, because recent studies have shown that allergic sensitization to cats is more likely to develop in children exposed to moderate levels of this allergen than in children exposed to high amounts of Fel d 1. The ubiquity of cat allergen may justify the common observation that allergen avoidance is often insufficient to reduce the risk of developing allergic sensitization and/or symptom exacerbation in highly susceptible patients. Further efforts are needed to improve the efficacy of Fel d 1 avoidance strategies to try to reduce the risk of allergic sensitization to this allergen.
Ana o 2, a Major Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nut Allergen of the Legumin Family
Authors: Wang Fang , Robotham Jason M. , Teuber Suzanne S. , Sathe Shridhar K. , Roux Kenneth H.
Published: October 2003

Background: We recently cloned and described a vicilin and showed it to be a major cashew allergen. Additional IgE-reactive cashew peptides of the legumin group and 2S albumin families have also been reported. Here, we attempt to clone, express and characterize a second major cashew allergen. Methods: A cashew cDNA library was screened with human IgE and rabbit IgG anti-cashew extract antisera, and a reactive nonvicilin clone was sequenced and expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Immunoblotting was used to screen for reactivity with patients’ sera, and inhibition of immunoblotting was used to identify the corresponding native peptides in cashew nut extract. The identified allergen was subjected to linear epitope mapping using SPOTs solid-phase synthetic peptide technology. Results: Sequence analysis showed the selected clone, designated Ana o 2, to encode for a member of the legumin family (an 11S globulin) of seed storage proteins. By IgE immunoblotting, 13 of 21 sera (62%) from cashew-allergic patients were reactive. Immunoblot inhibition data showed that the native Ana o 2 constitutes a major band at approximately 33 kD and a minor band at approximately 53 kD. Probing of overlapping synthetic peptides with pooled human cashew-allergic sera identified 22 reactive peptides, 7 of which gave strong signals. Several Ana o 2 epitopes were shown to overlap those of the peanut legumin group allergen, Ara h 3, in position but with little sequence similarity. Greater positional overlap and identity was observed between Ana o 2 and soybean glycinin epitopes. Conclusions: We conclude that this legumin-like protein is a major allergen in cashew nut.
Nutrition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Its Relation to Pathophysiology, Outcome and Therapy
Authors: Gassull Miquel A.
Published: October 2003

Nutritional deficiencies are frequent in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and negatively influence the outcome of the disease. Growth retardation, osteopenia and thromboembolic phenomena are some of the inflammatory bowel disease complications in which nutritional deficits are involved. Moreover, nutrients can play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and, in some cases, can be a primary therapeutic tool. Enteral nutrition has proven to play a therapeutic role in Crohn’s disease. The nutrient(s) responsible for this effect are not well identified but dietary fat appears to be a major factor. In ulcerative colitis, unabsorbable carbohydrates can modulate the intestinal microbial environment, thus contributing to improve colonic inflammation.
Factors Enhancing Intestinal Adaptation after Bowel Compensation
Authors: Botsios D.S. , Vasiliadis K.D.
Published: October 2003

Intestinal failure (IF) refers to the condition in which certain causes lead to derangements in nutrient absorption capacity. Gut adaptation occurs in response to IF and it is both morphologic and physiologic in nature and can be mediated by growth factors and nutrients. Our paper reviews certain trophic growth factors that have important interactions relevant for intestinal growth, function and adaptation. Data Source: The literature was reviewed (data from both animal and human studies) and certain trophic factors that modulate intestinal adaptation are summarized. The factors reviewed are: epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I and II, transforming growth factor α and β, neurotensin, interleukin-11, glucagon-like peptide-2, keratinocyte growth factor, human growth hormone, short-chain fatty acids, and glutamine. Conclusions: Growth factors augment intestinal proliferation, diminish programmed apoptosis, and modulate the adaptive process. They also have the potential to improve nutrient absorption in some bowel disease. The enhancement of gut adaptation may allow patients to transition of parenteral/enteral to normal nutrition, in a shorter period of time, which reduce the rate of adverse effects caused by artificial nutrition and improve quality of life.
Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Cationic Peptides and Antimicrobial Agents on the Growth of Oral Streptococci
Authors: Kim Sukwon S. , Kim Sunkyu , Kim Eunshin , Hyun Byungkuk , Kim Kack-Kyun , Lee Byeong Jae
Published: October 2003

Although chlorhexidine is one of the most efficacious antimicrobial agents used for the prevention of dental caries, side effects limit its application. The effects of gaegurin 6 (GGN6), an animal-derived cationic peptide, and its derivatives PTP6 and PTP12 on the growth of oral streptococci were investigated to assess the potential of these agents for use in the prevention of dental caries. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peptides for inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci (Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguis and S. gordonii) ranged from 1.2 to 8.2 µM. The peptides also exhibited marked synergistic antibacterial effects with chlorhexidine or xylitol. The most effective combinations (fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5) were xylitol with GGN6 against S. gordonii 10558 and chlorhexidine with either GGN6 or PTP6 against S. sobrinus OMZ-175. These results indicate that cationic peptides alone or in combination with chlorhexidine or xylitol might prove effective for the inhibition of the growth of cariogenic oral streptococci in situ.
Learning to karyotype in the university environment: a computer-based virtual laboratory class (KaryoLab) designed to rationalize time for the tutor/researcher and to encourage more students to engage in cytogenetics
Authors: Gibbons N.J. , Evans C. , Griffin D.K.
Published: October 2003

The ability to karyotype G-banded chromosome preparations is an essential skill for chromosome biologists. For this reason, the teaching of the rudiments of G banding analysis forms an integral part of the curriculum in many biology and genetics degree courses. The way in which karyotyping is usually taught involves providing the students with a photograph of G-banded chromosomes, a pair of scissors and some glue from which they can cut out the chromosomes and build the karyotype. This has the disadvantage that large amounts of time are taken in cutting and pasting and comparatively little in learning pattern recognition of individual chromosomes. In this paper we describe the development of a computer-based student practical class “KaryoLab”. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a teaching tool that combines instruction in cytogenetic analysis with both formative and summative feedback to the student and a virtual elimination of marking time for the tutor. Chromosome research and diagnostics will only continue while there are sufficiently motivated and trained individuals to perform it. We see the software developed here as a significant step towards training and motivating students in cytogenetics.
Cloning and characterization of the human neural cell adhesion molecule, CNTN4 (alias BIG-2)
Authors: Hansford L.M. , Smith S.A. , Haber M. , Norris M.D. , Cheung B. , Marshall G.M.
Published: October 2003

We report the isolation and characterization of human contactin 4 (CNTN4), a brain-derived, immunoglobulin superfamily molecule-2 (alias BIG-2) as a candidate gene responsible for the differentiation potential of human neuroblastoma cells. Northern blot analysis showed highest CNTN4 expression in testes, thyroid, small intestine, uterus and brain. Induction of CNTN4 mRNA expression in human neuroblastoma tumor cells treated with retinoic acid correlated with a block in retinoid-induced neuritogenesis. Our findings suggest a role for human contactin 4 protein in the response of neuroblastoma cells to differentiating agents.
The chromosomal complement of the artedidraconid fish Histiodraco velifer (Perciformes: Notothenioidei) from Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea
Authors: Caputo V. , Splendiani A. , Nisi Cerioni P. , Olmo E.
Published: October 2003

The karyotype of Histiodraco velifer from the Antartic Ocean was analyzed using various banding methods and in situ hybridization with a telomeric probe. A male and a female had a diploid set of 46 chromosomes (6 submetacentric + 40 acrocentric, FN = 52); the nucleolar organizer was CMA3-positive and was located on the short arm of a medium-sized submetacentric pair. All chromosomes stained uniformly with DAPI, whereas C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks that were mostly located centromerically and telomerically and were resistant to AluI digestion. The substantial identity of the karyotype of H. velifer with that of the other artedidraconids investigated so far suggests that chromosome changes must have played a less than significant role in the speciation among the lineages of this fish family endemic to Antarctica.
Cloning and genomic organization of the TTL gene on mouse chromosome 2 and human chromosome 2q13
Authors: Erck C. , MacLeod R.A.F. , Wehland J.
Published: October 2003

Tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) is a cytosolic enzyme involved in the posttranslational modification of tubulin. In the assembled form microtubules are detyrosinated over time at the C-terminus of alpha-tubulin. After microtubular disassembly TTL restores tyrosine residues back to the detyrosinated tubulin leading to a cycle of detyrosination/tyrosination. Here we report the isolation of the human and mouse TTL cDNA. In comparison with other known TTL sequences, namely bovine, rat and porcine, we found that only porcine TTL deviates in length by having an insertion of two glutamate residues. In mouse and human TTL the genomic coding sequence is composed of seven exons with normal intron/exon boundaries. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we mapped the murine Ttl gene to mouse chromosome 2 (MMU2). Human TTL has been located to chromosome 2q13 (HSA2q13). In addition, we found frequently truncated PCR products of hTTL transcripts with aberrant splicing in tumors.
Dissociation between Inattentiveness during Mental Status Testing and Social Inattentiveness in the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms Attention Subscale
Authors: Atbasoglu E. Cem , Özgüven Halise D. , Ölmez Şenay
Published: October 2003

The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) attention subscale has been found valid and reliable by some studies; however, there is some evidence to the contrary. We hypothesized that social inattentiveness (SANS 22) and inattentiveness during mental status testing (SANS 23) might be describing discrete constructs, and this dissociation might be a source of controversy. Thirty-five patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia were assessed by the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), SANS and a neuropsychological battery. The 2 attention items were not significantly interrelated. SANS 22 was correlated with bizarre behavior and alogia, and none of the neuropsychological test scores, whereas SANS 23 showed strong correlations with the Wechsler Memory Scale mental control subscore, total errors on the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test, and the information, similarities and the general verbal subscores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Regression analyses showed that SANS 23 could be a good estimate of general verbal abilities. These findings point to a dissociation between the 2 SANS attention items. Similar analyses should be repeated in larger and heterogeneous samples and include a factor analysis of the individual items rather than the global ratings.
The Quality of Interactions between Staff and Psychiatric Inpatients in a Nigerian General Hospital
Authors: Olusina Adewunmi K. , Ohaeri Jude U. , Olatawura Michael O.
Published: October 2003

We examined the quality of the staff’s interactions with patients, and its relationship with ward structure, patients’ satisfaction and outcome. The Quality of Interactions Schedule was used to observe interactions with patients in two acute admission wards. In 40 h, 101 interactions were observed; 60.4% were of negative quality, 35.6% were positive and 3.9% were neutral. The majority (42.6%) were of the negative restrictive type, with the patients’ freedom being curtailed without explanation. Significantly more interactions occurred at the proximal sections of the wards, where most ward activities took place. There were no significant gender and interward differences. Interactions were not associated with clinical outcome. The patients were significantly not satisfied with the items that related to the curtailment of their freedom. They are sensitive to the quality of staff interactions while appreciating staff contribution to their care. Training programs should include staff attitudes for the improvement of the overall quality of care.
A Method for Estimating Duration of Illness in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Smith Doody Rachelle , Dunn J. Kay , Huang Eugene , Azher Shaheda , Kataki Maria
Published: October 2003

Background: We developed a set of questions for generating an estimate regarding the date of first symptoms to the nearest half-year. Physicians then revised this estimate in conjunction with medical record review and patient/informant interviews, and by testing the estimate by recall of life events. One experienced examiner rated 36 patients, and each was independently rated by a second, less experienced rater. The physician ratings were compared to each other and to an unstructured caregiver estimate of duration using Lin concordance coefficients. There was excellent agreement between independent physician raters (ρ = 0.95, p < 0.001). Caregiver estimates of duration were usually shorter because of failure to relate the first symptoms to the onset of disease.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Stroke
Authors: Riepe Matthias W. , Riss Silke , Bittner Daniel , Huber Roman
Published: October 2003

Background: Formal assessment of cognitive impairment is rare in acute stroke, yet. It was the goal to utilize easy-to-apply established screening tests to assess cognitive impairment from any cause in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: 209 consecutive patients (69.8 ± 13.3 years, mean ± SD; 117 male, 92 female) admitted to an acute stroke unit, which serves as a community stroke center, and diagnosed as having acute cerebral ischemia from any cause were investigated within 24 h of stroke onset and in part followed up after 3 months. Orientation and aphasia were assessed with the ADAScog subscales orientation and aphasia, verbal memory with Buschke’s Memory Impairment Screen, and concentration/working memory with a letter sorting test. Results: On admission, 74.6% were impaired on the Memory Impairment Screen, 77.0% on the letter sorting test, 45.0 and 24.9% on the ADAScog subscales aphasia and orientation. Results of the Memory Impairment Screen and letter sorting test were similar at the follow-up after 3 months. Conclusion: Formal brief assessment of cognitive deficits with tests not requiring motor capabilities in unselected patients with an acute cerebral ischemic event reveals widespread deficits. This needs to be considered when obtaining informed consent from the patients and instructing them. Routine formalized screening may thus improve care for patients with acute stroke. Patients with impairment on admission should be followed up, diagnosed concerning preexisting or poststroke dementia with a more extensive workup and eventually treated.
Antimicrobial Activity of Human Follicular Fluids
Authors: Stepanović Srdjan , Djukić Slobodanka , Veljković Milija , Arsić Biljana , Garalejić Eliana , Ranin Lazar
Published: October 2003

The aim of this study was to explore the antimicrobial activity of human follicular fluid (HFF), to test the hypothesis that different strains of the same bacterial species could display different patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial action of HFF, and to preliminarily investigate the possible mechanism of antimicrobial action of this fluid. Antimicrobial activity of 60 samples of HFF toward 30 Streptococcus agalactiae strains was determined by the agar diffusion method and broth dilution method. To explore the mechanism of antimicrobial activity, biochemical analyses were performed with selected fluid samples. The obtained results indicate that 38.3% fluid samples did not inhibit bacterial growth, 53.3% showed moderate and 8.3% high antimicrobial activity. The tested effect of HFF on S. agalactiae strains was bactericidal and was not strain dependent. Lysozyme activity was detected in HFF exhibiting antimicrobial activity. There were no statistically significant differences in concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, transferrin, iron, total protein and albumin levels among tested samples regardless of the different rate of antimicrobial activity. The obtained results indicate that lysozyme is most probably a crucial antibacterial agent in this fluid; however, some other still unidentified factors may contribute to it.
Erythrocytosis due to an Erythropoietin-Producing Large Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Yokoyama Yuji , Shinohara Akihiro , Hirokawa Mitsuyosi , Maeda Nobuhiko
Published: October 2003

Background: Various etiologies of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome (erythrocytosis associated with a uterine leiomyoma), one of which is altered production of erythropoietin, have been proposed. We report a case of erythrocytosis associated with a large uterine leiomyoma in which erythropoietin activity and immunostaining for erythropoietin in the leiomyoma were found. Case: A 64-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, was referred to our department for treatment of a large uterine myoma and erythrocytosis with elevated levels of erythropoietin. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and the results of the pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma of the uterus, which weighed 920 g. The patient’s postoperative course was satisfactory, and the levels of hemoglobin and erythropoietin were normalized and remained within normal ranges. The level of erythropoietin in the uterine leiomyoma measured by radioimmunoassay was elevated (372 mU/wet gram), and specific immunostaining for erythropoietin was found in the cytoplasm of leiomyoma cells. The levels of erythropoietin extracted from uterine leiomyomas of other patients who did not have erythrocytosis (control patients, n = 5) were lower (65 ± 15.3 mU/wet gram), but specific immunostaining for erythropoietin was also found in the cytoplasm of leiomyoma cells from those patients. Conclusions: Our case was typical of myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome in which uterine leiomyoma was proved to produce erythropoietin. Our results also suggest that erythropoietin is produced in uterine leiomyomas of patients with and without erythrocytosis. Leiomyoma of the uterus may affect the production of erythropoietin and may develop into myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome when the level of erythropoietin exceeds the normal range.
Physical Self-Perceptions in Adolescence
Authors: Hagger Martin S. , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Chow Edward W. , Stambulova Natalia , Kavussanu Maria
Published: October 2003

This study examines the generalizability of the form, structural parameters, and latent means of a hierarchical multidimensional model of physical self-perceptions in adolescents from three cultures. A children's version of the physical self-perception profile (PSPP-C) was administered to samples of British, Hong Kong, and Russian high school students. A structural equation model that hypothesized a hierarchical structure with global self-esteem as a super ordinate construct and physical self-worth as a domain-level construct governing the PSPP-C subdomains fit the data adequately. Tests of the cross-cultural generalizability of the proposed model supported the invariance of the factor pattern and model parameters across the samples. Latent means analysis suggested that the factor means were significantly higher in the British sample, a finding that supports the results of cross-cultural studies of self-esteem in other domains.
Images Held by Jewish and Arab Children in Israel of People Representing their Own and the Other Group
Authors: Teichman Yona , Zafrir Hilla
Published: October 2003

This study examined the way Jewish and Arab children in Israel perceive their in-group and the respective out-group. The sample consisted of 365 children, 166 Jews and 199 Arabs, from two age groups, 7 to 8 and 11 to 13. Images of “a Jew” and “an Arab” were assessed using human figure drawings (HFD) and a related questionnaire that were scored on the dimensions of structure and content. Based on developmental and contextual perspectives and previous findings, it was hypothesized that younger children in both ethnic groups would favor the majority group, whereas early adolescents would favor their in-group and reject the out-group. The hypothesis was confirmed for the Jewish children. Arab children demonstrated rare differentiation between the images. The findings are discussed in relation to cognitive development and the different contextual influences in the two groups: the Israeli-Arab conflict for Jewish children and minority status for Arab children.
Aggregate and Sectoral Convergence among Irish Regions: The Role of Structural Change, 1960-96
Authors: O'leary Eoin
Published: October 2003

This article presents new evidence on the degree of aggregate and sectoral productivity convergence among Irish planning regions between 1960 and 1996. It introduces a modified shift-share technique to measure the effect of structural change on the degree of regional convergence (divergence) observed. Aggregate productivity converged strongly between 1960 and 1979, mainly due to the convergent effect of structural change and to converging service sectors. Between 1979 and 1996, aggregate productivity diverged weakly, mainly due to strong divergence among manufacturing and service sectors. Aggregate divergence would have been stronger only for the continued convergent effect exerted by structural change. Productivity is adjusted for transfer pricing effects and the methodology is applied for alternative definitions of structural change, without substantial alterations to the results.
On the Determinants of Regional Trade Flows
Authors: Nicolini Rosella
Published: October 2003

This article proposes an empirical investigation of regional trade flows following a cross-section method. For this purpose, the author refers to a regional context looking at a chosen sample of European regions. She mainly intends to assess the role of the home market effect and the level of transport costs in driving regional export flows. In particular, she is interested in testing the importance of spatial components in regional trade analysis. By simply adapting the gravity model approach to her framework, she is able to prove that physical distance smooths the intensity of trading flows while local transport facilities as well as local demand foster them.
Hard copy to dot com: developing a new marketing information web site, and building a community of interest
Authors: Walker Andrew
Published: October 2003

Describes how the producers of the world’s largest database of information about published market research and other business reports, produced in printed form as Marketing Surveys Index, developed a World Wide Web version of the service, Market-Zone.Com (http://www.market-zone.com). Focuses on the typical problems facing small independent market research companies, without the resources of a major parent company, in developing a highly sophisticated Internet site on its own. Market-Zone’s solution was to go into partnership with a German Internet company (unnamed) that was seeking an opportunity to develop a marketing information and market research Web site. Services offered by Market-Zone include the full database of over 40 000 market research reports, searchable in English and German using key words, and publications from German publishers not previously covered. Value-added improvements planned for the future are briefly outlined and include plans to extend the service to cover other major European languages and the ability to buy reports directly from the Web site.
Develop your information staff
Authors: Griffiths Peter , Pantry Sheila
Published: October 2003

The need for companies to give information staff the same opportunities for continuing personal development (CPD) and training as other business staff is stressed, noting that they may need to take those opportunities in different ways from the majority of staff in the organization. Argues that the exact nature of the CPD will depend on the size of the enterprise and the number of information professionals employed but should always use a combination of methods, including: in-service training; conferences; formal study; advanced qualifications and skills; private study; taking part in the activities of a professional body; and attending professional meetings.
The knowledge economy is here – but where are the information professionals?
Authors: Rikowski Ruth
Published: October 2003

Traces the growth in the concept of the knowledge economy as the latest political manifestation of knowledge management in the UK that has largely overtaken the ‘third way’ concept, in terms of its popularity with the current Labour government. The confusing terminology of the subject and its inherent confusion with the information profession is noted with particular reference to the fact that, whilst information professionals are generally now regarded as being information providers, they are often not seen as being knowledge providers and still less as knowledge creators. Details of the current knowledge revolution are presented in the context of theUKsituation and in light of selected models being proposed to describe it. The differences between information management and knowledge management are argued from the viewpoint of: information versus knowledge; the knowledge economy; what people outside the information world think (Charles Leadbeater, Tom Bentley, Stephen Byers, Tony Blair, David Blunkett).
Searching the Web for business information: the skills and preferences of end-users and information professionals
Authors: Mort David
Published: October 2003

Increased end-user access to external information products and services, boosted by the Web and the development of corporate intranets and portals, has been a feature of the business information market in recent months. This article describes an IRN survey of users of business information on the Web which compares the approaches used by end-users and information professionals and their relative effectiveness. The selected findings described here cover search methodologies, use of free and paid-for services, search engines used, gaps in Web coverage, time spent on the Web, and the use of mobile devices. There is also reference to other recent research in the USA and Europe which considers the use of the Web for business information searching and the growing participation of end-users in business information searching. Outsell Inc has just completed a survey of over 6000 end-users in the USA and Learned Information recently commissioned IRN to conduct a survey of European online information users. Some general conclusions arising from the various reesearch studies are presented.
Does your organization use knowledge to gain competitive advantage?
Authors: Freeman Olivia
Published: October 2003

The rationale behind this article is that frequently the link is not made between organizations gaining competitive advantage and the use of good quality information and maintaining the infrastructure to store, organize and retrieve that knowledge and information. It will examine what constitutes competitive advantage and the use of knowledge to create it. Specific types of knowledge that generate competitiveness will be reviewed along with some examples of proactive usage.
Business information in Nigeria
Authors: Adeloye Anthony
Published: October 2003

Although the main focus of the paper is companies’ annual reports, it attempts to discuss briefly other sources of business information available in Nigeria and some of the problems encountered in accessing them. It considers the value business executives place on sources of business information and in particular companies’ annual reports. A survey of three types of business organizations in Nigeria, using a postal questionnaire and telephone survey, demonstrated that a lot of effort is put into preparing a company’s annual report and that business executives on the whole, lay much store by them.. The survey also found that companies by and large rely on the press to inform the public of their new products. The paper concludes that annual reports and other sources of business information should be viewed as more than merely a legal requirement or obligation towards their shareholders.
What special librarians want from publishers
Authors: Alsmeyer David
Published: October 2003

The demands made of publishers by special libraries are reviewed from the viewpoint of personal experience gained by a special librarian in managing BTexact Technologies’ Library through its transition from being a large physical library to a digital library with a small physical presence. Since libraries work in a customer-supplier relationship with publishers, buying in information products on behalf of their users, the pressure that is constantly exerted on corporate libraries to cut costs, or even be closed as part of cost-cutting exercises, means that publishers’ synergistic relationships with libraries give them common goals to succeed. It is argued that librarians and publishers need to transform this role to strengthen this synergism. Libraries must become more like retail outlets and market themselves more actively to users and potential users. They need to become more comfortable and attractive places, transforming themselves just as some bookshops have and they must become much more responsive both to user needs and commercial realities. Publishers can play an important role in supporting libraries in this way and should work with librarians to find appropriate ways to promote their material. As a typical example of what can be achieved, the BT library is currently working with a publisher in offering employees cheaper personal subscriptions to their journal. Other activities include: conducting author events at BT sites; combining bookshops with informal social events; and integration with local systems.
The E-world, information and competitive advantage: what works?
Authors: Freeman Olivia
Published: October 2003

The Author’s theme of company competitiveness and the role played by information and communications technologies (ICT) in its maximization is continued with a review of corporate uses of Internet and intranet technology. Internet technology is used for accessing all the information on the Web, the invisible Web, electronic mail (email), instant messaging, newsgroups, chat rooms, online message boards, communities of practice, virtual communities, intranets, extranets, portals, vortals, industrynets and auctions. The Internet has had a profound effect on organizations and business activity by overcoming geographic boundaries and making information more easily available and in larger quantities to a wider potential customer base. The importance of acknowledging the inability of the Internet alone to create a competitive advantage is stressed, along with need to seek to create such advantages by using the Internet to do things differently, through innovation or by inventive pricing. The things that Internet technology enables organizations to do which they could not do easily before include: broadcasting information internally and externally; making information much more easily available; messaging; increasing speed of delivery; direct customer contact; selling; buying; ordering; educating; exchanging information and views; monitoring competitors and the marketplace; graphics/pictures; improving customer service and value; analyzing customer needs; reaching new markets; and improving choice.
Aggregators versus disintermediators: battling it out in the Information Superhighstreet.
Authors: Vogt Sjoerd
Published: October 2003

Perhaps the future of large-scale content aggregators is now no longer in doubt - but this was not the case 10 years ago, when many leading industry experts were much more pessimistic in their predictions. In the year that Dialog celebrates its thirtieth anniversary as the world’s oldest and largest professional online information service, it is appropriate to look back at these changing perceptions, the reasons for these changes, and why the experts got it wrong. We also look at the present day; the value that large-scale content aggregators bring to the information supply chain; and we discuss why users would choose to use aggregators as opposed to going directly to the publishers.
A brief guide to competitive intelligence: how to gather and use information on competitors
Authors: Weiss Arthur
Published: October 2003

Outlines the processes involved in competitive intelligence, and discusses what it is, how to do it and gives examples of what happens when companies fail to monitor their competitive environment effectively. Presents a case study, showing how the company that produced the pre-cursor to the Barbie doll failed to look at their business environment and how this led to the firm’s failure. Discusses what competitive intelligence is, and what it is not, and why it is important for businesses. Presents three models used to describe the competitive intelligence process and goes through the various steps involved in defining intelligence requirements and collecting, analyzing, communicating and utilizing competitive intelligence.
Information Architectures - What are they?
Authors: Hourican Robin
Published: October 2003

Defines the meaning of the term “information architecture” in terms of their functional components and argues their importance within the modern business environment in light of two research projects and multiple consultancy engagements undertaken by TFPL. Defines the scope of an information architecture within an organization in terms of: structure; people; process; and tools. Within any organization there are three areas information architecture issues which must be considered: the classification of the organization by focusing the information an organization produces (apart from information relating to goods and services); the information within the organization that primarily relates to products and services produced; and the people in the organization encompassing both the information architecture team and end users and the content they need and use. The methods used to implement information architectures are discussed in terms of: the information audit processes; the tools for information architecture; and post-implementation tasks. The research undertaken by TFPL into the nature of information architecture has led to a number of conclusions: that the development of an information architecture demands significant planning and effort in developing objectives and specifications; that a degree of cynicism has developed as organizations have discovered that there is a significant gap between user requirements and vendor offerings; that most organizations are multifaceted entities with complex problems; and that organizations need cross-disciplinary teams to develop information architecture approaches.
Ethics: the professional challenge
Authors: Gordon-Till Jonathan
Published: October 2003

Discusses the extent of ethical guidance within the UK information profession, focussing on the role of codes of ethics and guidelines for ethical conduct. The key role of universities in teaching professional ethics as part of all students’ library and information science (LIS) studies is identified, as is the students’ own responsibility for educating themselves. But it is concluded that the greatest onus is on the professional associations. The different approach to supporting members on issues of professional ethics adopted by the former Library Association (LA) and Institute of Information Scientists (IIS) is demonstrated by analysis of their published Codeand Guidelines. Weaknesses in the former’s prescriptive and proscriptive Code are contrasted with strengths in the latter’s aspirational Guidelines. The present status of the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals in this context is discussed, and key recommendations are made.
Changes in the classification of industrial statistics
Authors: Smith Alan
Published: October 2003

Before January 1993 the UK, along with other members of the EC, will have to introduce a new Standard Industrial Classification system based on the EC NACE Revision 1 for the collection and presentation of industry statistics. This article reviews some of the main industrial classification systems currently in use, the changes and the implications for economists and business information professionals.
Information for small and medium-sized enterprises: a review of current services and provision
Authors: Abell Angela , Hyde Margery
Published: October 2003

This article arose from a report prepared for The Planning Exchange by HERTIS Information and Research in 1991. It reviews the many sources of information open to SMEs and examines the new initiatives of the past few years, both in the UK and overseas.
Information Partner: a personal productivity tool for business information professionals
Authors: Bauwens Michel
Published: October 2003

Describes the use of Information Partner software by the Information Officer at BP Nutrition Headquarters for the delivery of competitor information.