bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flipping pharmacoepidemiology classes in a Saudi Doctor of Pharmacy program
Authors: Almanasef Mona , Alsayari Abdulrhman , Almaghaslah Dalia , Alahmari Fahad , Kandasamy Geetha , Vasudevan Rajalakshimi
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To examine student perceptions towards the flipped classroom approach and its impact on their learning and their course evaluation  when compared to the traditional classroom method.Methods: Five classes of the pharmacoepidemiology course were delivered using the flipped classroom approach. Student perception towards the flipped teaching method was measured using a satisfaction survey. Measuring the impact of the flipped classroom on student learning and the  student course evaluation was achieved by comparing the midterm grades and the results of the standard endof- course evaluations with the previous semester's cohort.Results: Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom were mostly favourable. The course and its various components were viewed more favourably in the second semester than in the first semester. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the perception of the topics covered in the course (p = 0.045), fairness of the grade assessment (p = 0.004), and perception of course feedback (p = 0.021). No statistical  difference was noted between the midterm examination scores of the first semester cohort (24.53 ± 3.80) and the second semester cohort (25.15 ± 3.00); [t (22.54) = 0.53, p =0.3].Conclusion: This study demonstrates that using the flipped classroom approach for teaching pharmacoepidemiology can improve student satisfaction, as well as maintain their academic performance.

Keywords: Flipped classroom, Pharmacy education, Blended learning
Exploring community pharmacists perception towards responsible provision of patient care services: A quantitative assessment
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Kousar Rozina , Azhar Saira , Buabeid Manal Ali , Khan Shujaat Ali , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the perception of community pharmacists with regard to pharmaceutical care services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out among the community pharmacists in seven divisions of KPK, namely, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hazara, Kohat, Malakand, Mardan, and Peshawar. The survey was conducted between July and September 2014. A total of 22 community  pharmacists were identified and approached.Results: Eighteen community pharmacists returned the filled questionnaire showing a response rate of 81.8 %. All participants (n = 18, 100 %) were male. The majority of the participants 55.6 % (n = 10) made it clear that they had never interacted with doctors, while only 33.3 % (n = 6) reported weekly interaction. The major reasons for interaction were to discuss drug alternatives (38.9 %, n = 7) and the availability of prescribed drugs (33.3 %, n = 6). Meanwhile, about 83.3 % (n = 15) of community pharmacists were involved in educating patients, while only 38.9 % (n = 7) spend enough time on each patient. Further, a large proportion of respondents had never documented patients’ medical, allergy and family histories (83.3 %, n = 15). Only 44.4 % (n = 8) of community pharmacists sometimes checked and signed the prescription.Conclusion: Community pharmacists are few in number in the studied area. They are involved in patient counseling but face difficulties in  counseling due to lack of time and insufficient pharmacy staff. Therefore, there is a need to significantly enhance the interaction between  pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to facilitate inter-professional collaboration.

Keywords: Community pharmacy, Pharmaceutical care, Perception, Inter-professional collaboration
Nurses perception of pharmaceutical care practice: A qualitative approach
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Kousar Rozina , Alfoteih Yassen , Azhar Saira , Khan Shujaat Ali , Murtaza Ghulam
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the perception of nurses regarding pharmaceutical care services in the healthcare system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province of Pakistan.Methods: This qualitative study was implemented by conducting semi-structured interviews. For data collection, interviews (face-to-face) were conducted after developing an interview guide. The interviewees were 18 nurses and were interviewed at their nursing stations in hospitals.  Interviews were continued until the data reached a saturation point. The respondents signed a written consent form before the start of the interview.Results: From the thematic content analysis, five major themes were extracted as stated here: (a) incognizance of pharmaceutical care; (b) collaboration of nurses and pharmacists; (c) improper distribution system; (d) lack of provision of patient counseling; and (e) pharmacist’s role in reducing prescribing errors.Conclusion: Based to the findings, Pakistani nurses have poor knowledge of pharmaceutical care, thus highlighting the need for organizing pharmaceutical care awareness programs for nurses. On the other hand, nurses have a positive perception of pharmacists’ roles in the healthcare system and want to work with them.

Keywords: Perception, Pharmaceutical care, Qualitative study, Nurse, Patient care
Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in Chinese elder diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A retrospective study on the effectiveness and associated risks (EAR) analysis
Authors: Wang Shangcai , Qiang Rui , Zhang Heng
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and associated risks of rivaroxaban against warfarin in Chinese elderly diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.Methods: Data regarding demographical characteristics, clinical conditions, ischemic stroke, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal tract bleeding, myocardial infractions, hip/pelvic fracture, asthma, breast/prostate cancer, and death during 3-years of treatment of 584 Chinese diabetic patients with confirmed non-valvular atrial fibrillation who were placed on rivaroxaban (RX Cohort, n = 201) or warfarin (WF Cohort, n = 383) were collected from hospital records and analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed for the prediction of the incidence of the treatment-emergent event(s).Results: During the 3-year treatment period, higher numbers of patients were reported for intracranial bleeding (p = 0.042), ischemic stroke (p = 0.042), gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.0006), hip/pelvic fracture (p = 0.042), and asthma (p = 0.0007) in WF cohort than RX cohort. Also, higher mortality was reported in WF cohort than for RX cohort (24 vs. 4, p = 0.024). Female sex (p = 0.031), age (p = 0.035), and comorbidities (p = 0.021) were associated with incidence of treatment-emergent event(s).Conclusion: With rivaroxaban, a significant and safe risk-reduction of thromboembolic events are found in elderly diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Keywords: Anticoagulant, Diabetes, Non-valvular atrial fibrillation, Rivaroxaban, Warfarin
Swiss newborn screening for severe T and B cell deficiency with a combined TREC/KREC assay – management recommendations
Authors: Trück Johannes , Prader Seraina , Natalucci Giancarlo , Hagmann Cornelia , Brotschi Barbara , Kelly Janet , Bassler Dirk , Steindl Katharina , Rauch Anita , Baumgartner Matthias , Fingerhut Ralph , Hauri-Hohl Mathias , Güngör Tayfun , Schmid Jana Pachlopnik , Berger Christoph , Reichenbach Janine
Published: June 2020

The recent introduction of newborn screening for severe primary T and B cell deficiencies in Switzerland allows rapid identification of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Outcomes for SCID are greatly improved by early diagnosis and treatment with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or, in selected cases, gene therapy. National centralised newborn screening is performed in Switzerland since January 2019 using a combined T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) / κ-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assay, also revealing infants with non-SCID severe T and B cell disorders, who are often diagnosed with a substantial delay. Here, we outline the screening procedure currently performed in Switzerland and give recommendations for diagnostic evaluations and precautionary measures against infection in children with abnormal screening test results.
Patterns of cross-sectional and predictive physical activity in Swiss adults aged 52+: results from the SAPALDIA cohort
Authors: Aebi Nicola J. , Bringolf-Isler Bettina , Schaffner Emmanuel , Caviezel Seraina , Imboden Medea , Probst-Hensch Nicole
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for the vast majority of deaths in Switzerland. Insufficient physical activity (PA) is an established NCD risk factor and PA is known to be beneficial for physical and mental wellbeing. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is an additional, independent risk factor and associated with frailty in older adults. This study aimed at describing cross-sectional PA patterns in a general population sample of subjects aged 52 years and older (52+) from eight areas across different language regions of Switzerland. Additionally, the predictive association of self-reported PA for objectively measured PA was tested.

METHODS
Participants 52+ of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution And Lung and Heart Disease In Adults (SAPALDIA) who completed accelerometer data collection at the most recent follow-up (SAPALDIA4 in 2017/18) and provided information on determinants of interest (sex, age, body mass index [BMI], language region, education, employment status, civil status, smoking) were included in the analysis (n = 1314). The accelerometer-derived average time spent in different PA intensities (SB, light PA [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) was estimated according to participant characteristics with control for season and wear time using multiple linear regressions. In further analyses, the predictive effect of changes in self-reported PA over roughly ten years between SAPALDIA2 (2001/02) and SAPALDIA3 (2010/11) (remaining inactive [RI]; becoming inactive [BI]; becoming active [BA]; remaining active [RA]) on the objectively measured SB, LPA and MVPA obtained seven years later by accelerometry (SAPALDIA4), was assessed using multiple linear regression models.

RESULTS
Overall, 21.7% of 52+ participants met the Swiss recommendations for subjectively assessed PA. Obese participants, 75+ year-olds, smokers and subjects living alone spent more time in SB and less time in LPA and MVPA compared with participants with a BMI below 25 kg/m2, between 52 and 64 years old, not smoking and being married, respectively. Residents living in the French-speaking part of Switzerland were less likely to engage in MVPA compared with residents from the German-speaking part and thus were less likely to meet the PA recommendations. A trend for increasing PA and decreasing SB was observed consistently across the four groups (RI, BI, BA, RA) of predictive self-reported PA patterns with participants remaining active over the course of roughly ten years showing highest levels of PA and lowest levels of SB measured objectively at SAPALDIA4.

CONCLUSION
The high proportion of SB points to the need of physical activity promotion for the older part of the population in Switzerland. According to our data, behavioural changes in PA are possible and sustainable as we can see in the group of participants becoming active and this is essential for health promotion recommendations.
Higher Education in Emergencies: The Case of Consociational North Macedonia
Authors: Bigagli Francesco
Published: June 2020

Eighteen years after the end of 2001 conflict between ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians, North Macedonia remains a country deeply polarized along ethno-national lines with implications for the maintenance of peace. The peace-building policies introduced by the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) based on a consociational model of power-sharing have accommodated the demands of ethnic Albanians, including the right of access to higher education (HE) in the mother-tongue which represented one of the root-causes in the escalation of the 2001 conflict. The OFA’s exclusive focus on access and availability through state funding for higher education in the Albanian language has however favored a process of ethnicization of the tertiary sector. This paper seeks to investigate the unintended consequences of the OFA-induced ethnic self-ghettoisation within the public higher education system and, by the same token, it critiques the OFA’s lack of mechanisms to reach across the ethnic divide through the lenses of a rights-based approach to education. It ultimately argues that without a strong governmental commitment to deethnicize education by transcending the OFA’s intrinsic limits, power-sharing remains permeable to political manipulation which critically hampers social transformation and increases the probability of inter-ethnic tension, further weakening the peace process.
Curriculum Development and Accreditation Standards in the Traditional Islamic Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Nasir Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This research aims at describing qualitatively the reality of curriculum, instruction, and academic tradition development in madrasahs (traditional Islamic schools) based on the school/madrasah accreditation standards in Indonesia. The findings from this research show that madrasahs in Indonesia generally have met the standards of curriculum development and the model of Education Unit Level Curriculum in terms of mechanism, document completeness and involvement of external parties in its development. The aspects of planning, learning document availability, instructional book, learning load and study group generally have met the standards of national accreditation. The weaknesses lie in the aspects of development, contents, strategy, study resources, media, model, approach and learning method that support the strengthening of students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). The creation of academic atmosphere is weak when it comes to 1) conditioning students to become true life-long learners, 2) enhancing students' skill to think creatively, productively, and critically, 3) applying scientific approaches such as study tours, practices in the laboratory, seminars, demonstrations, and exhibitions and 4) strengthening students' skill to act individually, collaboratively, and communicatively.
Cyber Security Skills of Pre-Service Teachers as a Factor in Computer-Assisted Education
Authors: Haseski Halil İbrahim
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to determine the effect of individual cyber security skills of pre-service teachers on their attitudes towards computer-assisted education. Thus, the present research was designed as a correlational study. The study participants included 241 senior pre-service teachers in different departments at Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Education during the 2019-2020 academic year the fall semester. The data were collected with the "Personal Cyber Security Provision Scale" and "The Attitude Toward Computer-Assisted Education Scale." Based on the study findings, pre-service teachers should improve their competency in cyber security. Furthermore, pre-service teachers who owned a personal computer had higher scores in maintaining personal cyber security and had better attitudes towards computer-assisted education. Besides, it was observed that there were differences between personal cyber security scores of pre-service teachers and their attitudes towards computer-assisted education based on their departments. Furthermore, it was identified that the personal cyber security achievement score was a significant predictor of the attitude towards computer-assisted education. In the final section of the study, various recommendations are presented for future studies and applications on the subject.
El reto del laicado en el marco de una eclesiología total: misión, comunión, formación
Authors: Castro Pérez Francisco A.
Published: June 2020

Este artículo describe el reto que el protagonismo laical supone en los campos, inseparables y mutuamente referidos, de la misión, la comunión y la formación. La “teología del laicado”, en el orden teórico, y el apostolado seglar, en el práctico, se contemplan en el horizonte de una “eclesiología total” (Congar). La realidad de un “Pueblo de Dios en salida” solo será concretamente posible a través de la corresponsabilidad y la complementariedad de fieles y pastores.
Sentido, providencia y formación de la conciencia histórica: Covadonga
Authors: Sánchez Saus Rafael
Published: June 2020

El 1300 aniversario de la batalla de Covadonga es un buen momento para reflexionar sobre el sentido providencialista que los contemporáneos dieron a aquellos hechos. Además, el presente estudio analizará la influencia que tal interpretación, asumida a lo largo de los siglos por la historiografía principal, tuvo en la Historia de España, y su sustitución por nuevos paradigmas desde el siglo XVIII y, especialmente, desde mediados del siglo XIX.
MARIA-NOVA CONTRA O FASCISMO: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA LIBERDADE EM BECOS DA MEMÓRIA, DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO
Authors: Marques Samyn Henrique
Published: June 2020

O artigo parte da primeira obra escrita por Conceição Evaristo, Becos da Memória, para analisar a trajetória de Maria-Nova como agente de resistência em meio ao desfavelamento, percebido enquanto prática fascista. A relação de empatia que Maria-Nova constrói com as pessoas que a cercam fundamenta uma reação antifascista cujo fundamento é a afetividade, o que possibilita a construção da liberdade a partir da esperança.
CONHECIMENTO E MEDO: FAUSTO A CAMINHO DA DANAÇÃO
Authors: Fonseca Ludmila
Published: June 2020

A Historia von D. Johann Fausten, de 1587, primeira versão impressa da famosa narrativa sobre a vida de Fausto, é uma obra alemã de cunho luterano que objetiva construir um exemplo negativo: o bom cristão, leitor do romance, deve entender as consequências da arrogância e da leviandade diante de Deus. O protagonista, Fausto, buscando conhecimento proibido ao homem, faz um pacto com o demônio, o que o condena à eterna danação no inferno. As formas e consequências do saber são questões centrais do romance e objeto de análise deste artigo, que busca responder qual conhecimento é almejado e realmente alcançado por Fausto e quais são as consequências do pacto. O principal resultado da busca por saber é um protagonista dominado pelo medo, incapaz, por isso, de retornar à misericórdia divina, mesmo após arrepender-se.
Atividade Antibacteriana de Frutas do Nordeste Brasileiro sobre Bactéria Cariogênica
Authors: Mendes D’Angelis Carlos Eduardo , Da Silva Abner Nicolas , Prates Barreto Nair Amélia , Andrade de Prince Karina , Carvalho Botelho Ana Cristina , Morseli Polizello Ana Cristina , Cropanese Spadaro Augusto Cesar
Published: June 2020

a cárie dentária é um grande problema de saúde pública em muitos países. Algumas regiões do Brasil são mais afetadas como o Norte e o Nordeste. A atividade antibacteriana frente à Streptococcus mutans representa um alvo terapêutico interessante para o estudo e controle da cárie dentária, já que este micro-organismo é reconhecido como um importante agente causador da formação de placa dental e cárie dentária. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, frente à S. mutans, da polpa de frutos nativos da região Nordeste do Brasil: Spondias mombin L. (cajazeira), Spondias purpurea L (sirigueleira) e Spondias tuberosa (umbuzeiro). Metodologia: as frações clorofórmica, hexânica, acetato de etila e Aquosa de polpas de fruta integral dessas espécies foram obtidas através do processo de partição líquido-líquido. Realizou-se teste de difusão em ágar, caracterizando os extratos quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano frente à S. mutans, elegendo-se o de maior atividade para realização da concentração inibitória mínima - CIM. Resultados: as frações hexânica, acetato de etila e clorofórmica de cajá apresentaram expressiva atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. mutans nos ensaios de disco-difusão, sendo eleita para o teste de CIM. O teste revelou atividade inibitória de 0,01 mg/mL, 0,78 mg/mL e 0,02 mg/mL para as frações hexânica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila, respectivamente. Conclusão: conclui-se que as frações hexânica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila de cajá apresentaram interessante efeito antimicrobiano, principalmente as frações mais apolares, e, merecem estudos mais aprofundados quanto a sua atividade biológica.
Sociological Analysis of Child Abuse in Balochistan
Authors: Barrech Sadia , Din Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study focus on child abuse in an association to family decorations of acknowledgment dismissal towards their children and the impact of demographic factors in Pakistani socio-cultural setting. The concerns over rising incidence of child abuse and neglect have received global attention. A number of national and international organizations have shown serious concerns and are demanding strict measures to tackle the issues of child protection.400 children (76% male & 26% female) of age ranging from 8-19 years were randomly selected. The data were collected from Quetta city. The results indicated that low monthly income of the family are one of the momentous elements of child abuse.
An analysis of the writings of female short story writers of Pakistan
Authors: Afshan Rahat
Published: June 2020

The age of Short Stories in Urdu may be shorter than other branches of Urdu literature, but even though of its short-lived life, but the success and accomplishments of short stories is unlike any other form of the Urdu Literature. There is no doubt in the fact that Urdu Short Stories may have a root from English Literature, but our Writers of the short stories included the country and society and hence the true identity of the short stories came up to the surface. The way the female writers of Urdu Short Stories highlighted the new topics with new techniques is beyond compare and deserves appraise. They have presented their feelings and emotions in a way unique and new manner, which highlights the reference of their specific thinking, and they presented it in a highly spontaneous manner. Through their Short Stories, they have highlighted the presence of Women, their Value, their mental and emotional complexities, their needs and their silences are voiced. The women writers not only through their abilities to discover wrote about the political and societal difficulties, rights and equalities, women issues and against the cultural mindsets, but also through their works, they highlighted the time to time changing aspects of life. We are rightful to say this that the women taking part in the success and development of the Short Stories in Urdu Literature. Looking at their thoughts, it is not difficult to say that in the upcoming times, the women short story writers and their new and unique thoughts will account for the success of this branch of Urdu Literature.
Karachi: City of Cities
Authors: Manzoor Asma
Published: June 2020

The book discusses the city under around 450 topics on various themes which are then divided into sub topics. Prof. Shah has discussed the history of Karachi,its cityscape,markets and educational institutes,renowned personalities,heritage buildings,parks and other important aspects of the provincial capital.
Violence Against Women In Punjab: Prevalence, Varying Trends And Efforts Of Media And Civil Society
Authors: Rafi Sadia , Ali Mumtaz , Nawaz Irfan
Published: June 2020

This study aims at highlighting common types of violence against women in Punjab, then present research discusses varying trends of violence against women in this province and efforts, which were taken by media, police, government of Punjab and civil society organizations, to combat violence against women were analyzed in broader context. Combating violence, it needs emergency measures to be taken and redefine continued efforts. Thus, it is suggested that it is the need of the hour to pave way for women friendly legislations and prohibits all practices of women violence by improving efficacy of existing policies for combating women violence.
An Impact Study Of Social Networking Websites On The Youth In Our Society
Authors: Ishrat Sumera
Published: June 2020

The study focused to evaluate the trend of usage of social networking websites among the youth of our society and explore its impacts on their personal, academic and social life. Multistage sampling was adopted to collect data from the youth studying in University of Karachi. The sample consisted of 121 randomly selected respondents. The findings of the study indicated that the respondents use social networking websites only for interacting purpose rather than enhancement of knowledge. Respondents admitted that they had bad experiences during this practice. In spite of the frequent usage of these websites respondents wanted to send proper time on their academic activities, social gathering and their hobbies as well. The study concluded that the youth should be cautious in uploading their personal information on these websites. Parents should engage their children in family events, share experiences and discussing their issues to minimize the usage of social networking. On the other hand Government should take precautionary measures to save the potential, skills and above all the future of nation’s youth.
Kasur Child Sexual Abuse Case
Authors: Ali Aliyah
Published: June 2020

The Kasur child sexual abuse scandal is horrific. 280 children from 2010 to 2014 were forced to have sex while being filmed and 400 movies were leaked out. In a village of Kasur Hussain Khanwala a gang of 25 men who used the hundreds of videos they produced to blackmail the youngsters' parents, according to Latif Ahmed Sara, a lawyer and activist representing the victims. This also indicates the irresponsibility and carelessness of local police and politicians. According to Human Rights Commission these sex tapes were made for commercial purposes. The tapes that were made then used to blackmail the parents of the victims into keeping quiet and into giving money to the paedophilia ring. These tapes were also being sold to locals in the town for Rs 50 and even, according to one report, were being sold to paedophile websites overseas.
The Influnce Of Socio-Economic System On Academic Achievement Of Women Folk In Pakhtun Society
Authors: Alam Jan , Gul Sunehra
Published: June 2020

The study is aimed to test the association between socio-economic system and academic achievement of women folk in Kohat. The study is based on two variables i.e. independent variable (Socio-economic system) and dependent variable (academic achievement).Chi-square statistics is used to test the association between the two variables through cross tabulation. The total population of the study comprised of 344 boarder students in Girls Hostel 01 and Girls Hostel 02, KUST. A sample size of 228 is drawn on bases of criteria proposed by Sekaran (2010). The respondents are selected on the bases of systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire is distributed among respondents to reach to in-depth of the issue. The result shows that a significant association is found between family support, parental awareness, Purdah, class room culture and harassment where as the rest of the factors are found to have no significance with academic achievement. The study recommends that parental and family awareness may be developed, female students may be provided with efficient accommodation and transport facility, single gender educational institutions may be established to overcome the issue of harassment and violation of Purdah and monthly stipend may be paid/increase for women folk.
Reproductive Health Issues Of Women Living In Slum Areas Of Karachi
Authors: Manzoor Seema , Rehma Dua -e-
Published: June 2020

This study aims to establish the understanding about the reproductive health issues of women living in slum areas of Karachi. It also focuses on the actual problems of women living in slums and their access to health care services. Though women are almost half of the population, but are still the most neglected part of the society. Women in slums are extremely vulnerable to many health issues, because they are considered as the most dysfunctional part of the society. Now the scenario has changed a bit and realization regarding women’s reproductive health issues is recognized globally, but still social, economic and cultural aspects are barriers in their way to access health facilities. By using quantitative research method researcher has analyzed different factors and circumstances which these women are experiencing, and the universe of population for this study is chosen as few slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Whereas, convenience and purposive sampling techniques of non-probability sampling method is used in order to collect the data by 100 respondents. In Pakistan and across the world, slums have been the characteristics of an urban setting. The concentration of reproductive health issues of women and adverse environmental circumstances within slums is an increasingly important concern for developing countries like Pakistan.
Women Veiling In Islam: Tradition And Socio-Economic Impact
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

The Veil has been used by women as a tool for hiding and protecting themselves from men, and it has been continuously used in ancient as well as modern civilizations by women. Developed nations have blamed the use of veil as an obstacle in the process of development. Therefore, modern nations have tried to get rid of the use of veil. They argue that it is a sign of slavery for women and it is a hurdle in their progress. The modern secular Muslims consider it as the biggest obstacle for social and economic development. It makes a woman helpless, as having a chain (zanjir) in her feet. Some people view it as a tool of segregation between men and women. In the Holy Quran word ‘Hijab’ is used 7 times. Islam is against domination and the forceful practice of the veil, as a part of the teaching of Islam it is being adopted by women for the purpose of protection. This article focuses at: Introduction of the veil and its historical background, It’s meaning and interpretation in Islam and other religions, Veil traditions in different civilizations, criticism of its practice in Islamic (eastern) and other (European) circles and Discussion and Conclusions followed by a selected references.
The Influence Of Socio-Economic System On Academic Achievement Of Women Folk In Pakhtun Society
Authors: Alam Jan , Gul Sunehra
Published: June 2020

The study is aimed to test the association between socio-economic system and academic achievement of women folk in Kohat. The study is based on two variables i.e. independent variable (Socio-economic system) and dependent variable (academic achievement).Chi-square statistics is used to test the association between the two variables through cross tabulation. The total population of the study comprised of 344 boarder students in Girls Hostel 01 and Girls Hostel 02, KUST. A sample size of 228 is drawn on bases of criteria proposed by Sekaran (2010). The respondents are selected on the bases of systematic sampling technique. A questionnaire is distributed among respondents to reach to in-depth of the issue. The result shows that a significant association is found between family support, parental awareness, Purdah, class room culture and harassment where as the rest of the factors are found to have no significance with academic achievement. The study recommends that parental and family awareness may be developed, female students may be provided with efficient accommodation and transport facility, single gender educational institutions may be established to overcome the issue of harassment and violation of Purdah and monthly stipend may be paid/increase for women folk.
An Assessment Of Quality Of Life Of Divorced Females Residing In Darul Aman (Abode) Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ahmad , Shah Mussawar , Jan Sameer Ul Khaliq
Published: June 2020

The study “An Assessment of Quality of life of Divorced Females” was carried out in Darul Aman in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A sample size of 210 respondents was randomly selected and data were collected through interview schedule. The collected data was analysed for simple frequency and percentages. The study revealed that the 59 % respondents marriage type was arranged marriages, 48% had no children, 53% were illiterate, 17% income was between 1500-6000 PKR, 50% were married in non-relatives, 1% were divorced thrice in life while 40% and 45% had ages 21-25 years at the time of divorce and marriage respectively. Furthermore, majority of them were suffered from physical, mental health as well as behavioural problem. Litigation, children adjustment, suicide attempt and death danger were the other challenges faced to those women after divorce. Divorce practice without any solid reason is a crime against females. The study recommends that, the Government may gave proper attention on early marriages practice, protection to woman after divorce from either Government and family side, proper documentation/registration for marriages, income source for woman and for their children, free health facilities, and employment opportunities for such women.
Identification Of Managerial Problems Faced By Primary School Head Teachers In Quetta
Authors: Naz Rashida , Naureen Sajida , Baloch Zeenat Sana
Published: June 2020

The primary schools year is an important phase of children education. The objective of this research was to identify the managerial problems faced by Primary Schools Head teachers. For primary data the sample was comprised 10 school heads 100 teachers from the primary schools, questionnaires were distributed among teachers and head teachers. The samples were randomly selected. Results showed that teachers were trying to achieve the students learning outcomes. A large number of head teachers agreed that they knew the process of school management and they were able to control the management of schools. They were trained by the education department regarding primary school management. But on the other hand less number of professional trainings were available for primary school teachers and head teachers. There were some evidences that most of the non-government organizations introduced some training programs for primary school teachers. Most of the head teachers of primary schools faces the shortage of physical and human resources in their schools. A number of head teachers had no qualification related to school management. It was concluded that almost all the in charge and teachers had no clear concept regarding curriculum 2006. Majority of the head teachers had no ability to manage the learning and teaching process. They were found incompetent for report writing and implement their decisions in jurisdiction of school. It was recommended that new posts should be created for head teachers in primary schools and their job description should be cleared. All the incharges or head teachers should be trained in school management and resource management.
Social Work Education in Pakistan: Issues and Future Opportunities
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

Social work is a professional and academic discipline that committed to improve the quality and prosperity of individuals, groups, and communities through scientific knowledge, policy, community organizing, direct practice and teaching. Pakistan is very fortunate to have a good start of professional Social Work; the first social work training began in the year 1953. Social work education in universities started in 1954 and its aim is to provide trained social workers equipped with the basic knowledge and skills to assist government and private agencies in the development and implementation of social welfare programs. This study presents an overview of the brief history, current issues and future opportunities of social work education in Pakistan. This study emphasizes some of the significant issues that cause concern, such as the social work education and practice appropriate for Pakistan society, teaching and learning, fieldwork and supervision, certification and licensing for social workers. It’s important to talk about some issues of concern and the direction in which a strong and sound social work education can be developed.
Social Case Work Practices As A Strategy For Patients Welfare In Public Hospitals of Karachi: A Description Of Experience
Authors: Riaz Sakina , Abrar Naheed , Malick Saima Akhtar
Published: June 2020

This study is divided into five sections and covers a brief overview of the clinical practices of Social Case Work as a strategy for patient’s welfare in the Public Hospitals of Karachi. In section one, the concept of Social Case Work in Pakistani pedagogical scenario and Social Case Work’s contribution to the current health care system is discussed. The second section of the study covers the review of the literature. The succeeding section, i.e. section III stated the methodology adopted to derive the results of the study. The results of this study, based on the analysis ended by applying the proposed methodology have been argued in section IV. In the concluding section, conclusions and recommendations were presented. In this exploratory research study, the qualitative methods have employed to understand the reasons which are responsible for de-value of Social Case Work Practices in the public hospitals in Karachi.
Multi-Dimensional Implication Of Water Scarcity On Inhabitants Of District Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Barrech Sadia , Ainuddin Syed , Kakar Najeebullah
Published: June 2020

Water is the fundamental need of living beings. It is necessary for manageable advancement, including the protection of common habitat, mitigation of destitution and craving. Like other nations a number of areas in Pakistan are also facing the problem of water scarcity. The present investigation has been made to explore various implications of water scarcity on inhabitants of Quetta district Balochistan. The study depends on essential information gathered from agriculturists and different personals through focused group discussions and questionnaire survey. Stratified random sampling method was used whereas the sample size comprised of 400. For analyzing the data, chi-square method is applied to find out the existing relationships between variables, where alpha value is standardised at 0.05. Although no association could be established among the study groups, however, the results clearly indicated that the level of ground and surface water is scarce. The scarcity of Water has negatively impacted the agriculture, trees, economy and health of the people in the study area. The scarcity of water has also compelled people for migration to other areas. The results suggested that government should make further dams, guiding the population and the farmers on proper use of water and advocating the general public to obey regulations regarding water mining.
Attitude Towards Third Gender: A Case Study Of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Batool Iram , Saqib Muhammad , Ghaffari Abdul Sattar
Published: June 2020

Transgender community faces insulting remarks and people treat them in a bad way. Discrimination is being faced by transgender at all levels such as at school, in family, at places where they live. The purpose of the present study was to explore the attitude of people towards third gender. A sample of 600 were selected through purposive sampling and snow ball sampling techniques. Data was collected from Two cities of Pakistan Sahiwal and Multan. Demographic variables of participants used in this research are age, gender, monthly income, qualification and marital status. Attitude towards Hijras scale was used in this research. Results showed that females have more acceptances of Hijra’s (transgender) rights and status as compared to males. Males and females don’t want any close relationship with Hijras (transgender).Sexual issues (SI) are significant in males as compared to females. Education has more impact on people’s attitude towards Hijra community. People belonging to religious groups have more negative attitude towards Hijras as compared to other groups.
Gender Representation In Public Schools Textbooks Of Balochistan
Authors: Sultan Rana Saba , Shah Nadil , Fazal Ambreen
Published: June 2020

Gender became the attention of contemporary scholarships when women were found in domestic issues as well as gender inequality in terms of job opportunities, education, health, political participation etc. Many studies have been carried out regarding women issues and provided policies and laws to provide opportunities for women to contribute in the society. So, gender presentation in school textbooks is newly emerging field of study in the academia. The present study focuses on women presentation in school textbooks of Balochistan. The English Books for Class I, to V were taken as sample for present study. These books were selected through purposive sampling. All conversations, texts and images related to women misrepresentation were taken from selected books. These data were analysed by the help of Michal Foucault’s theory of power/Knowledge and Discourse Analysis and also Cultural Hegemony by Antonio Gramsci. The findings of the present study suggest that textbooks of Balochistan are clearly misrepresenting women and promoting the male hegemony. The women are shown in domestic works and teaching jobs which are considered soft works. On the other hand, men are shown in school administrations, public domains, ownerships and in those jobs which need more power and energy. So, it is clear that schools textbooks promote the gender biased approach because men are shown in powerful, prestigious, well reputed and respectable jobs and women are shown in less respected and less valued positions.
Sangrado Tardio Luego de Tratamiento con Macroligadura Elástica de Hemorroides
Authors: A. Amarillo Hugo , Di Primio Natalia , Montilla Luis , Yromey Nicolas
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Presentar el caso infrecuente de sangrado tardío posterior al tratamiento con macroligadura elástica de hemorroides, tratamiento propuesto por A. Reis Neto.Caso Clínico: Mujer de 26 años con tratamiento de hemorroides con macroligadura elástica. A los 28 días es admitida en urgencia por proctorragia abundante sin signos de shock hipovolémico. Laboratorio: Hematocrito27%, Hemoglobina 8,9 mg/dl. Se realiza colonoscopia evidenciando la cicatriz de macroligadura con signos de coágulo desprendido sin sangrado activo. Se decide conducta expectante con tratamiento de la hipovolemia incial y anemia. Evoluciona sin resangrado con control endoscópico a los 60 y 180 (sin sangrado y excelentes resultados.Discusión: La macroligadura es una técnica alternativa para el tratamiento de hemorroides con excelentes resultados anatómicos y funcionales. Presenta menor dolor postoperatorio, bajo índice de complicaciones (ninguna severa o propia del método). No existen comunicaciones sobre sangrado tardío grave tanto en ligaduras convencionales como macroligadura.Conclusiones: Se presenta el primer caso comunicado a la fecha de un sangrado tardío en macroligaduras que fue resuelto en forma conservadora.
KUR’AN-I KERİM’İ TERCÜME PROBLEMLERİ
Authors: ISRAFILOVA Faima
Published: June 2020

Kur’an¬-ı Kerim bütün insanılğa hitab eden İlâhi bir mesajdır, dolayısıyla onun herkes tarafından anlaşılması gerekir. Bunun yolu da tercümeden geçmektedir. Kur’an’ın tercümesi meselesi oldukça geniş ve kapsalmlıdır. Çalışmamızın da konusu olan bu meseleyi öncelikle tercüme kelimesinin sözlük ve ıstılah anlamlarını verdikten sonra Harfi ve Tefsiri tercümeler le ilgili bilgilerini, tefsir, te’vil, hermenötik ve semantik gibi kelimelerle ilişkisini açıklamaya çalıştık. Kur’an’ın başka dillere tercüme edilmesi ile ilgili aklen ve naklen deliller ile bunun zaruret olduğunu ve tercüme tarihini kısaca sergiledik. Tercüme eleştirilerinin tenkidini yaparak, tercüme faaliyetler karşısındaki problemleri izah ettik. Dil ve kültürleri farklılaşmış insanlarının anlaşma ve tanışmasını sağlayan tercüme faaliyeti aynı zamanda insanla Allah arasında iletişimi için adeta bir köprü görevi üstlenmektedir. Bu görevi Kur'an mütercimi üstlenirken karşısına çıkacak olan problemlerini ve bu problemlerinin çözüm yöntemlerini gösterdik. İlmi, edebi, şiir ötesi üslubu ve bir çok yönden mucize olan Allah kelâmın tercümesi hangi ilke ile tercüme edilirse edilsin hakkıyla mümkün olamayacağının altını çizdikten sonra Kur’an’ın manalarını en iyi şekilde yansıtabilcek yönteminin Tefsiri tercüme olduğu kanısına vardık.
FANTEZİ EDEBİYAT VE HİCVİN KESİŞİM NOKTASI OLARAK TERRY PRATCHETT'IN DİSK DÜNYA ROMANLARI
Authors: ÖZBAY Emrah
Published: June 2020

Fantezi edebiyatı yakın zamana kadar edebiyat çalışmalarında hak ettiği değer görememiştir ancak bu türle ilgilenen okuyucuların sayısındaki hızlı artış nedeniyle büyük önem kazanmıştır. Eserleri hicivsel fantezi olarak kabul edilen Terry Pratchett, 21. yüzyılın en ünlü ve başarılı fantezi edebiyatı yazarları arasındadır. Kırk bir romanı kapsayan Disk Dünya Serisi, onu dünya çapında dikkat çeken bir edebi figür haline getirmiştir. Pratchett, gerçek dünyanın sosyal ve politik meseleleriyle ilgilenir ve romanlarında fantezi ve hiciv unsurlarını ustalıkla harmanlar. Bu makalenin amacı, Pratchett'ın, gerçek dünyanın sosyal ve siyasi konularını fantezi edebiyatı unsurlarını kullanarak kendi yarattığı Disk Dünya evreninde nasıl hicvettiğini incelemek ve Disk Dünya Serisi’ne ilişkin genel bir perspektif sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, Disk Dünya Serisi’nden seçilen romanlardan bahsedilecektir.
Pembangunan Sosial oleh Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari melalui Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif
Authors: Christiyani Asri
Published: June 2020

This article discusses social development by the community carried out by Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari in Kuningan Barat Village, Mampang Prapatan Subdistrict, South Jakarta through the creative economy sector, namely jamu gendong business as a culinary sub-sector based on culture and local wisdom. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive types. The results show that the Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari as a community that runs a business in the creative economy, namely jamu as an Indonesian cultural heritage has succeeded in carrying out the social development process based on seven characteristics of social development. The social development strategy that is carried out is a social development strategy by the community through which the members of the Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari are members who work together harmoniously to meet their needs, solve their problems and try to create opportunities to improve lives through the management of jamu businesses.AbtrakArtikel ini membahas mengenai pembangunan sosial oleh masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari di Kelurahan Kuningan Barat Kecamatan Mampang Prapatan Jakarta Selatan melalui budaya dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari sebagai komunitas yang menjalankan usaha di bidang ekonomi kreatif yaitu jamu sebagai warisan budaya Indonesia telah berhasil melakukan proses pembangunan sosial berdasarkan tujuh karakteristik pembangunan sosial. Strategi pembangunan sosial yang dijalankanadalah strategi pembangunan sosial oleh masyarakat melalui wadah Paguyuban Jamu Gendong Lestari. Masyarakat yang menjadi anggota saling bekerja sama secara harmonis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka, memecahkan masalah mereka dan berupaya menciptakan kesempatan guna memperbaiki hidup melalui pengelolaan usaha jamu gendong.