bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of an indicator framework for transmission risk of the Mountain-Type Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis based on the Delphi-entropy weight method
Authors: zhuowei Luo , Zhou Zhengbin , Hao Yuwan , Feng Jiaxin , Gong Yanfeng , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Yun , Zhang Yi , Li Shizhu
Published: August 2022

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases transmitted by the biting of sandflies. Although VL has been eliminated in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) have reemerged in the hilly areas of China in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to set up an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk of the MT-ZVL in China, to provide insights into the formulation of MT-ZVL control strategies.Methods: A 3-level indicator framework was established based on literature review and expert interviews. The indicator system was screened according to scientific information, necessity, operability, and the weighted importance scoring of the indicators, and the normalized weight of each indicator are calculated. The reliability of the Delphi method was evaluated by the positive coefficient of the experts, the degree of expert authority, and the coordination coefficient of experts' opinions. The comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators was determined by the Delphi and the entropy weight method. Results: A total of 30 questionnaires were delivered, and 28 received valid responses (93.3%). The expert authority coefficients were greater than 0.80 after two rounds of expert consultation, and the coordination coefficient of the experts’ opinions was 0.250−0.277 and 0.187−0.272 in each round, respectively (all, P < 0.05). An indicator framework was finally established including four primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators, and 35 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the variable with the highest normalized weight was biological factors (0.268), followed by interventions (0.261), environmental factors (0.242), and social factors (0.229). Among the secondary indicators, the top 4 normalized weights included climatic features (0.122), geographical features (0.120), sandflies (0.097), and dogs (0.096). Among the tertiary indicators, the top 4 normalized comprehensive weights were the population density of sandflies (0.075), topography (0.057), the population density of dogs and dog tethering (0.056) and the use of bed nets or other protective measures (0.056). Conclusions: This study constructed an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk and strengthening public health education of MT-ZVL based on the Delphi and entropy weight method, and provided insights into formulating strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MT-ZVL in China.
Genotoxicity, DNA damage and sperm defects induced by vinblastine
Authors: Fahmy Maha A. , Hassan Entesar , Farghaly Ayman A. , Hassan Zeinab M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Genotoxicity studies of chemotherapeutic drugs is of special need. Secondary tumors may develop many years after treatment as a result of chemo genotoxicity. The effect of chemo on meiotic chromosomes and sperm defects is another complication associated with chemo treatment. In this study the genotoxicity of vinblastine (VB) was estimated in both somatic and germ cells.

Materials

85 mice were taken. 4 single doses of VB at 3, 4.5, 6 and 10 mg/kg and 3 successive doses at 3, 4.5 and 6 mg/kg were taken for estimation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). 4 single doses of VB were involved in estimating the DNA fragmentation, and comet assay. Samples were taken 24 h after the last treatment. For sperm abnormalities mice were injected with 3 successive doses of VB at 3, 4.5, and 6 mg/kg and samples were taken 35 days after the 1st injection.

Results

The results demonstrated a significant frequency of DNA fragmentation in spleen cells and in the percentage of CAs in bone marrow. Numerical and structural aberrations were recorded with a pronounced number of polyploidy metaphases. VB also induced a significant percentage of CAs in spermatocytes in the form of univalent. Sperm defects in the form of coiled tail, absence of acrosome and shapeless head and a significant DNA damage in the testes were recorded.

Conclusion

VB is genotoxic in somatic and germ cells. Sperm defects induced by VB are of serious concern to future generations and may affect the fertility of cancer survivors.
Unravelling the palaeo-biogeographical history of the living fossil genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae) – an Asian relic element of the Eurasian Cenozoic flora
Authors: Hofmann Christa-Charlotte , Zhao Wan-Yi
Published: August 2022

Background
The relic genus Rehderodendron (Styracaceae), which species are restricted to mostly warm to tropical climate (C and A climate of Koeppen-Geiger) in East Asia today, was present as fossil fruits and pollen in Europe during warmer periods from lower Eocene to Pliocene times. To understand which extant species are closest related to the fossils, pollen and fruit morphology of six extant species and fossils of Rehderodendron are compared.
Results
Both, fossil pollen and fruits resemble a morphological mixture of four extant species R. kwantungense, R. macrocarpum, R. microcarpum, and R. indochinense, thus implying that these four extant and the fossil European taxa represent an old Eurasian lineage, whilst the pollen and fruit morphology of the extant R. kweichowense and R. truongsoense differ considerably from the fossils and other extant species investigated, and are considered to have evolved independently.
Conclusions
The palaeo-biogeographical history of Rehderodendron reveals that its fossil members of the European lineage were most prominent during climate optimums such as the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Early Eocene Climate Optimum and Middle Miocene Thermal Maximum. However, when during the Pliocene the climate changed to colder and less humid conditions, the genus went extinct in Europe, but migrated eastwards, most likely in two dispersal events, probably along the Tethys, prior to extinction. One of the former most westerly stepping stones is presented by the refugial occurrence of R. microcarpum in the southeastern Himalayas whereas the more to the east distributed taxa are R. macrocarpum and R. kwantungense, might have migrated eastwards already before the Miocene
Violence Recognition on Videos Using Two-stream 3D CNN with Custom Spatiotemporal Crop
Authors: Pratama Raka Aditya , Yudistira Novanto , Bachtiar Fitra Abdurrachman
Published: August 2022

Violence may happen anywhere. One of the ways to know and overseethe violence in some places is by installing Closed-circuit Television(CCTV). The recorded video captured by CCTV can be used as proofin a law court. Violence video classification is also one of the topicsbeing discussed in deep learning. The latest violence video dataset isRWF-2000. That dataset contains violent and non-violent videos, 5 secondsduration, 30 frames per second, with the amount of 2000 videos.That publication also has the best accuracy of 87.25% by their proposedmethod. In this study, we will use a Residual Network known tohave the advantage of solving the vanishing gradient problem. Besidethat, we also implement transfer learning from Kinetics and Kinetics+ Moments in Time pre-trained data. We also test the numberof frames and the location of the sampling frame range. RGB andoptical flow inputs are separately trained with different configurations.The RGB input best accuracy is 89.25% with pre-trained Kinetics +Moments in Time, using frame location 49-149. The optical flow inputbest accuracy is 88.5% with pre-trained Kinetics, using 74 frames. Wealso try to sum the output of both inputs making accuracy of 90.5%.
Luminescence carbon quantum dots: synthesis using pistachio as precursor, investigating optical properties, application for Co 2+ detection in water media and photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Farahmandzadeh Farzad , Molaei Mehdi , Alehdaghi Hassan , Khanzadeh Mohammad
Published: August 2022

In this research, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by using pistachio as precursor for the first time with a hydrothermal method in aqueous media. Synthesized QDs were characterized by different analyses such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), BET, Zeta potential, Raman, photoluminescence (PL) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. The Raman spectroscopy results showed 3.54 value for G/D ratio and this result confirmed that synthesized CQDs are composed of graphitic crystalline structure. Zeta potential measurement of CQDs showed that CQDs had negative charge in their surface and it confirmed a great stability for CQDs. CQDs had blue photo emission with a broad PL peak between 300 to 600 nm with quantum yield of 12%. TEM images showed that synthesized CQDs are spherical with a size of about 7 nm. Heavy metal sensitivity of CQDs were investigated by different heavy metal ions in water media and results showed that PL intensity of CQDs in presence of Co2+ ions decreased and showed CQDs had sensitivity versus Co2+ ions. Photocatalyst activity of CQDs were investigated by different dyes under visible and UV illuminations. The obtained results showed that methylene blue had better degradation with CQDs than methylene orange and rhodamine b. The radical scavenger's results obtained that electrons play the key role in photocatalyst process of CQDs with methylene blue under UV irradiation.
Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in resource limited settings: The Kenyan Experience
Authors: MIGOWA ANGELA NYANGORE , Samia Pauline , Shah Jasmit , Rossi Sean del , Kenei Chemutai , Malande Oliver Ombeva , Ayaya Joy , Jeruto Daisy , Oyiengo Laura , Lewandowski Laura
Published: August 2022

Background
Since the onset of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been growing concerns regarding multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study aims to describe the clinico-epidemiological profile and challenges in management of MIS-C in low-middle income countries by highlighting the Kenyan experience.
Methods
A retrospective study at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Avenue Hospital Kisumu and Kapsabet County Referral Hospital was undertaken to identify cases of MIS-C. A detailed chart review using the World Health Organization (WHO) data collection tool was adapted to incorporate information on socio-demographic details and treatment regimens.
Findings:
Twenty children with MIS-C were identified across the three facilities. Seventy percent of the children were male (14 of 20). COVID-19 PCR testing was done for five children and only one was positive. The commonest clinical symptoms were fever (90%), tachycardia (80%), prolonged capillary refill (80%), oral mucosal changes (65%) and peripheral cutaneous inflammation (50%). Four children required admission into the critical care unit for ventilation support and inotropic support. Cardiac evaluation was available for six patients four of whom had myocardial dysfunction, three had valvulitis and one had pericarditis. Immunoglobulin therapy was availed to two children and systemic steroids provided for three children. There were no documented mortalities.
Interpretation:
We describe the first case series of MIS-C in East and Central Africa. Majority of suspected cases of MIS-C did not have access to timely COVID-19 PCR testing and other appropriate evaluations which highlights the iniquity in access to diagnostics and treatment.
Droplet size from Venturi air induction spray nozzles
Authors: Sijs R. , Kooij S. , Bonn D.
Published: August 2022

Sprays are of great importance for many applications, with drop size being a crucial parameter. Especially in agriculture applications, simple flat fan spray nozzles are often supplemented by a Venturi component to achieve larger drop sizes and hence prevent un-wanted spray drift of the smallest droplets. The general believe is that these larger drops are usually attributed to the fact that the liquid sheet produced by the nozzle breaks up more easily due to the pre-existing ’holes’ formed by the induced air bubbles. Here, we extend descriptions of how nozzle and fluid parameters determine droplet size distributions from Venturi nozzles. We show that the mean droplet size is determined by the nozzle’s orifice area as is the case for ordinary flat fan nozzles but that the additional pressure drop over the Venturi chamber needs to be taken into account. Using this parameter, relations that were derived for flat fan nozzles can be re-used. This allows to show that the increase in droplet size compared to conventional nozzles is due to the additional pressure drop in the Venturi chamber, and not to a change in breakup mechanism due to the presence of air bubbles in the liquid sheet.
Data Driven Prognostics from Machine Learning to Deep Learning: A survey
Authors: El-Barawany Mohamed A. , Elminir Hamdy K. , Elattar Hatem M. , Hamid Ebrahim Abdel , Adel Dina
Published: August 2022

In the age of Industry 4.0, prognostics and health management (PHM) is critical. For proactive and scheduled maintenance, the life of a tool, part, or component of a system must be tracked. This increases productivity while reducing human effort and saving lives. The PHM application could be used for the detection of anomalies, fault diagnosis and/or failure prognosis. Data driven prognostics is highly relying on machine learning (ML), statistical methods and deep learning (DL) techniques. DL is a massive enlarging field with encouraging outcomes in prognostics for modelling of data with complex representations and temporal dependencies. This paper provides review of some of the latest contributions of ML in prognostic applications. Description of different deep learning architectures is given. A literature review of DL applications in prognostics is presented in an analytical and comparative view. Then a revisit to PHM and deep learning terminologies is then highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities are emphasized.
Associations Between Serum Copper, Zinc and Copper/Zinc Ratio and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2011-2016
Authors: Li Liu-Bo , Ma Zheng-Yuan , Liu Ying-Xia , Song Wei-Xiang , Shen Xu-Bo , Fang Sheng-Quan
Published: August 2022

Several studies have indicated an association between serum copper and zinc and chronic kidney disease, while there was antagonism between serum copper and zinc, and the serum copper/zinc ratio was more accurate than detecting the two elements alone. This study aims to evaluate the associations of serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc rate with the risk of CKD using the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). A total of 7764 participants were included in the analyses. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between serum zinc and copper level and CKD after adjusting for potential confounders. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) to explore the relationships and trend between copper/zinc ratio and the risk of developing CKD. Machine learning of the XGBoost algorithm model was used to assess each variable’s contribution to the risk of having CKD. In this study, when the serum copper/zinc level decreased to less than 1.2, the risk of having CKD was reduced to 0.57 (95%CI, 0.39–0.84, p = 0.006). The RCS model showed a negative liner correlation between serum copper/zinc ratio and CKD risk (p < 0.001 and the value of nonlinear equal to 0.06), and when the ratio was lower than 1.49, the OR of having CKD begins to be lower than 1 and shows a rapidly increasing trend. In the XGBoost model, besides the glomerular filtration rate, the Copper/Zinc ratio was the most relative variable in our study. Therefore, the copper/zinc ratio would be a relatively important risk factor for predicting having CKD, and further researches are needed to explore the potential mechanism between copper/zinc and CKD.
Efficacy and Predictors of Iontophoresis-assisted Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus Based on “LASSO” Regression: 3 Year Results
Authors: Liu Yu , Shen Dan , Wang Haoyu , Liang Dengfeng , Zeng Qingyan
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To report the 3 year efficacy and predictors of transepithelial corneal cross-linking assisted by iontophoresis (I-CXL) for 10 min using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression in Chinese patients with progressive keratoconus.Methods: This retrospective study included 30 eyes of 25 patients, of mean age 18.48 ± 4.02 years (range: 11 to 28 years). All patients underwent stromal imbibition of riboflavin solution for iontophoresis for 10 min, followed by epithelium-on CXL. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA; in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] units), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA; in LogMAR units), spherical equivalent (SE); max keratometry (Kmax); minimum corneal thickness (MCT); the index of surface variance (ISV); the index of vertical asymmetry (IVA); the keratoconus index (KI); the center keratoconus index (CKI); and the index of height decentration (IHD), corneal optical coherence tomography (OCT), and confocal microscopy were evaluated at baseline and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Predictors of changes in CDVA and Kmax 3-year postoperatively compared with baseline were analyzed using the LASSO regression with internal tenfold cross-validation, as indicated by average root mean squared error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2) values.Results: Corneal OCT at 1 month detected the demarcation line in 24 eyes (80%), at a mean depth of 238.97 ± 53.69 μm. Average CDVA improved from 0.26 ± 0.17 LogMAR at baseline to 0.19 ± 0.13 LogMAR at 3 years (P < 0.05), average Kmax decreased from 59.72 ± 8.71 diopters (D) at baseline to 58.03 ± 7.96 D at 3 years (Delta: −1.68 ± 3.15 D, P < 0.05). ISV, IVA, KI, and IHD also decreased significantly. After LASSO regression for predictor selection, ten parameters (age, gender, baseline UDVA, CDVA, SE, MCT, ISV, IVA, KI, and IHD) were the predictors of CDVA changes 3 years after I-CXL (RMSE = 0.0054; R2 = 0.89). Age, baseline MCT, KI, and CKI value were associated with Kmax changes (RMSE = 7.3828; R2 = 0.57).Conclusions: I-CXL for 10 min is safe and effective in patients with keratoconus, with good 3 year outcomes and the symmetry indices could predict the improvement of CDVA at 3 year after I-CXL.
Probability of successful inhaled corticosteroids cessation in preschool wheezers: a predictive score
Authors: Sirianansopa Kantisa , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Prasertsan Pharsai , Saelim Kantara , Intusoma Utcharee , Anuntaseree Wanaporn
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Nearly all asthma predictive tools estimate the future risk of asthma development. However, there is no tool to predict the probability of successful ICS cessation at an early age. Therefore, we aimed to determine the predictors of successful ICS cessation in preschool wheezers, and developed a simple predictive tool for clinical practice.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study involving preschool wheezers who had undergone an ICS therapeutic trial during 2015–2020 at the University Hospital, Southern, Thailand. A predictive scoring system was developed using a nomogram to estimate the probability of successful ICS cessation. We calculated area under ROC curve and used a calibration plot for assessing the tool’s performance.
Results
A total of 131 medical records were eligible for analysis. Most of the participants were male (68.9%). More than half of the preschool wheezers had successful ICS cessation after an initial therapeutic trial regimen. The predictors of successful ICS cessation were perinatal oxygen use [OR 0.10 (0.01, 0.70), P = 0.02], allergic rhinitis [OR 0.20 (0.08, 0.56), P = 0.002], blood eosinophil count > 500 cell/mm3 [OR 0.20 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.008], and previous ICS use > 6 months [OR 0.30 (0.09, 0.72), P = 0.009].
Conclusions
Predictors of successful ICS cessation were: no perinatal oxygen use, no allergic rhinitis, blood eosinophil count < 500 cell/mm3, and previous ICS use < 6 months. A simple predictive score developed in this study may help general practitioners to be more confident in making a decision regarding the discontinuation of ICS after initial therapeutic trials.
ROBOUT: a conditional outlier detection methodology for high-dimensional data
Authors: Farnè Matteo , Vouldis Angelos
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a methodology, called ROBOUT, to identify outliers conditional on a high-dimensional noisy information set. In particular, ROBOUT is able to identify observations with outlying conditional mean or variance when the dataset contains leverage outliers, highly correlated variables, and a large dimension compared to the sample size. ROBOUT entails a preliminary robust imputation procedure, that prevents leverage outliers from corrupting predictor recovery, a selection stage of the statistically relevant predictors (through cross-validated LASSO-penalized Huber loss regression), the estimation of a robust regression model based on the selected predictors (via MM regression), and a criterion to identify conditional outliers. We conduct a comprehensive simulation study in which the proposed algorithm is tested under a wide range of perturbation scenarios. The combination formed by LASSO-penalized Huber loss and MM regression turns out to be the best in terms of conditional outlier detection under the above described perturbed conditions, also compared to existing integrated methodologies like SPARSE-LTS and RLARS. The proposed methodology is finally applied to a granular supervisory banking dataset collected by the European Central Bank, in order to model the total assets of euro area banks.
Dry Matter Production and Fruit Sink Strength Affect Fruit Set Ratio of Greenhouse Sweet Pepper
Authors: Homma Masaru , Watabe Takafumi , Ahn Dong-Hyuk , Higashide Tadahisa
Published: August 2022

We investigated the relationships among the fruit set, dry matter production, and source-to-sink ratio of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants grown in a greenhouse. We quantified daily fruit sink strength per stem (st) at m days after transplanting (SSTm_st) by modeling the fruit growth curve. The daily total dry matter production (TDMm_st) was calculated and defined as the source strength. During an experiment lasting ≈250 days, the fruit set ratio [number of fruit harvested/number of flowers (FSRm)] decreased significantly with increases in both the weekly average SSTm_st from 9 days before anthesis (DBA) to 13 days after anthesis (DAA) and the weekly average fruit number (FRNm_st) from 9 to 1 DBA. FSRm increased significantly with increases in both the weekly average TDMm_st from 1 to 13 DAA and the weekly average source-to-sink ratio [source strength/fruit sink strength (SSRm_st)] from 5 DBA to 13 DAA. During the whole experimental period, significant positive correlations with FSRm were observed for TDMm_st and SSRm_st, and significant negative correlations with FSRm were observed for SSTm_st and FRNm_st. FSRm increased until approximately the time when the weekly average SSRm_st at 1 to 7 DAA (anthesis to 156°C⋅d−1) ranged from 1.0 to 4.0; then, it showed a saturation curve at SSRm_st values more than 4.0 (R2 = 0.81). These results suggest that it is possible to moderate the fluctuations in sweet pepper yield by monitoring the SSRm_st and the number of fruit set.
The distribution of carbonate in apatite: The environment model
Authors: Yoder Claude H. , Stepien Kathleen R. , Dudrick Robyn N.
Published: August 2022

The environment model is used to describe the location of carbonate in nine carbonated apatites containing varied percentages of carbonate and Na+, K+, or NH4+ ions. Unlike the traditional model for carbonate substitution, which identifies different locations and orientations of the carbonate ion in the apatite structure, the environment model utilizes the different structural surroundings to describe the different types of carbonate. The A-type carbonate environment is assigned to channels lined only with calcium ions (A-channel configuration = Ca6) or to channels containing one Na+ or a vacancy (A′-channel configuration = Ca5Na or Ca5☐), and the B-type carbonate environment is the surroundings of the replaced phosphate ion. The assignments are made by peak-fitting the carbonate asymmetric stretch region (ν3) of the IR spectrum, following previously published criteria. These assignments lead to the conclusion that the percentage of channel carbonate (A- and A′-environments) is greater than that of B-type for each of these carbonated apatites. In general, the use of triammonium phosphate as the phosphate source in the synthesis produces apatites with larger amounts of channel carbonate (A- and A′-environments), while the use of sodium-containing phosphate reagents produces smaller amounts of channel carbonate.

The environment model provides explanations for the differences within IR and NMR spectra obtained for apatites containing a range of total carbonate content. The B-type appearance of the carbonate ν3 region of the IR spectrum is found primarily in apatites containing sodium, which allows increased amounts of carbonation via co-substitution of Na+ with carbonate and creation of A′-environments with populations equal to that of B-type carbonate. The presence of ammonium or alkali metal salts with cations larger than Na+ results in the utilization of a charge-balance mechanism that produces vacancies rather than cation substitution in the channel. The carbonated apatites formed with primary utilization of the vacancy mechanism generally contain greater percentages of carbonate in the A-environment and carbonate IR spectra that contain an obvious high-frequency peak at about 1550 cm–1. The multiple peaks in the solid state 13C NMR spectra previously observed for carbonated apatite are attributed to substitution in the A-, A′-, and B-environments rather than different stereo-chemical orientations of the carbonate ion.
First evidence of dmisteinbergite (CaAl2Si2O8 polymorph) in high-grade metamorphic rocks
Authors: Wannhoff Iris , Ferrero Silvio , Borghini Alessia , Darling Robert , O’Brien Patrick J.
Published: August 2022

We identified dmisteinbergite, the rare trigonal polymorph of CaAl2Si2O8, for the first time in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Dmisteinbergite occurs as a crystallization product of silicate melt inclusions (nanogranitoids) in garnet from three host rocks with different protoliths and re-equilibration conditions, i.e., from 1.0 to 4.5 GPa. Raman spectra and compositions of the dmisteinbergite here investigated are overall identical to those of previously characterized artificial and natural dmisteinbergite. In nanogranitoids, this phase coexists with other metastable polymorphs of feldspar (kumdykolite, kokchetavite) and SiO2 (quartz, cristobalite), recently interpreted as the result of undercooling, supersaturation and rapid crystallization of a silicate melt confined in a micrometric pore. Dmisteinbergite formation likely results from a similar process, and thus it should be regarded as a kinetically controlled phase. Moreover, the investigation of dmisteinbergite as well as of other metastable feldspar polymorphs offers new insights into the behavior of natural materials under non-equilibrium conditions.
Feiite: Synthesis, stability, and implications for its formation conditions in nature
Authors: Prissel Kelsey , Fei Yingwei , Strobel Timothy A.
Published: August 2022

Feiite (Fe3TiO5) is a high-pressure Fe-Ti oxide mineral recently discovered in martian meteorite Shergotty. Feiite is isostructural with Fe4O5, a high-pressure iron oxide stable at pressures >10 GPa. The stability of feiite has yet to be studied, as it has not previously been synthesized in the laboratory. To determine the minimum pressure at which feiite can be synthesized, we have conducted multi-anvil experiments at 1200 °C and at pressures ranging from 7 to 12 GPa. Major element compositions and XRD patterns indicate that we successfully synthesized feiite with an orthorhombic unit cell (Cmcm structure) in experiments conducted at pressures 8 GPa or greater. Relative to A2B2O5 phases with similar structure, feiite can be synthesized at lower pressures. The coexistence of feiite and liuite (FeTiO3-perovskite) in Shergotty indicates that the upper pressure limit of feiite stability is above 15 GPa. To investigate the effect of oxygen fugacity on the composition and stability of feiite, we conducted an additional series of experiments at 1200 °C and 10 GPa pressure in which we varied the Fe3+/Fetotal ratio of the experimental starting materials. In doing so, we identified a minimum Fe3+ content necessary to stabilize the feiite structure (Fe3+/Fetotal = 0.26 at 10 GPa and 1200 °C). The importance of Fe3+ for feiite stability suggests this phase would not form in lunar or HED meteorites, where iron-titanium oxides contain little to no ferric iron. Though our experimental results can only place a lower limit on the shock pressures experienced in Shergotty, the determined pressure stability indicates feiite could also be present in diamond-bearing terrestrial rocks sourced from the upper mantle or transition zone. Additionally, the presence of feiite would be an indicator of source Fe3+/Fetotal.
Reflexões: sobre teoria, metodologia e práticas de ensino
Authors: Aguiar Nogueira André , Erique de Oliveira Lima Adriano , Abreu de Oliveira Filho João César , Pio Monteiro Júlio , Pinheiro Xavier Larissa , Emanuela da Costa Poliana , Campanerut da Silva Robson
Published: August 2022

A obra é uma rica coletânea que trata da prática, do saber e do fazer pedagógico em diversas áreas do conhecimento, como: Pedagogia, Matemática, Português, Geografia e História.
The Global Form of Flavor Symmetries and 2-Group Symmetries in 5d SCFTs
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Bhardwaj Lakshya , Oh Jihwan
Published: August 2022

2-group symmetries arise when 1-form symmetries and 0-form symmetries
of a theory mix with each other under group multiplication. We discover
the existence of 2-group symmetries in 5d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
abelian gauge theories arising on the (non-extended) Coulomb branch of
5d superconformal field theories (SCFTs), leading us to argue that the
UV 5d SCFT itself admits a 2-group symmetry. Furthermore, our analysis
determines the global forms of the 0-form flavor symmetry groups of 5d
SCFTs, irrespective of whether or not the 5d SCFT admits a 1-form
symmetry. As a concrete application of our method, we analyze 2-group
symmetries of all 5d SCFTs, which reduce in the IR, after performing
mass deformations, to 5d \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
non-abelian gauge theories with simple, simply connected gauge groups.
For rank-1 Seiberg theories, we check that our predictions for the
flavor symmetry groups match with the superconformal and ray indices
available in the literature. We also comment on the mixed `t Hooft
anomaly between 1-form and 0-form symmetries arising in 5d
\mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
non-abelian gauge theories and its relation to the 2-groupS.
GENÇLERE KAYNAK KİTAP NİTELİĞİNDE ESKİ HARFLİ BİR MECMUA: MECMÛʻA-İ NEVRESÎDEGÂN’
Authors: AKPINAR Şerife , ERCAN GÜVEN Aliye Nur
Published: August 2022

Mecmûʻa-i Nevresîdegân, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde (1298/1882) İstanbul’da gençler için çıkarılmış olan bir süreli yayındır. Mecmua, kendilerini “Rüfekâ-yı selâse-yi tahririyye” imzasıyla tanıtan H. Tayfur, A. Âsaf ve A. Vasfi adlı üç genç arkadaş tarafından çıkarılmış ve iki kuruştan satışa sunulmuştur. Üç ayrı kütüphanede nüshaları bulunan mecmuanın sadece iki sayısına rastlanır. Her iki sayı da dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Bu bölümler; mütenevviʻa, ilm-i hesap, coğrafya ve tarihtir. Sayıları otuz iki sayfadan oluşan mecmuanın her bölümüne sekizer sayfa ayrılmıştır. Mecmuanın tasarımına bakıldığında bir süreli yayından çok kitap bölümleri gibi planlandığı görülmektedir. Mecmûʻa-i Nevresîdegân, tek sütun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Mecmûʻa-i Nevresîdegân’ı gençler/çocuklar için çıkarılan diğer süreli yayınlardan ayıran temel özellikler; yardımcı kaynak niteliğinde birer kitap olarak toplanabilecek dört ayrı ilimden oluşması ve mecmuanın, mekteplerdeki eğitimin bir tamamlayıcısı, destekleyicisi niteliğinde olmasıdır. Bu makale ile gençler/çocuklar için çıkarılan süreli yayınlar arasında adında “mecmua” kelimesini ilk kullanan, Mecmûʻa-i Nevresîdegân tanıtılarak ilgilenenlerin dikkatine sunulmuştur.
SÜLEYMAN HÜSNÜ PAŞA’NIN TARİH-İ ÂLEM’İNİN (1876) İKİ BÖLÜMÜ ÜZERİNDEN ESKİÇAĞ TARİH YAZIMININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKBEZCİ Hatice Gül , ÇAVDAR Döndü
Published: August 2022

XIX. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nde birtakım reformlar gerçekleştirilmiştir, doğal olarak bunlar eğitim alanına da yansımıştır. Örneğin tarih anlayışındaki değişim, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren tarih eğitimi alanında meyvelerini vermeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Umumi Tarih dersi orta ve yüksek eğitim kurumlarının müfredatına konulmuştur. İçeriği ise sadece İslam ve Osmanlı tarihiyle sınırlı kalmayıp, farklı coğrafyaların ve milletlerin tarihlerini de ele almaya başlayan bir dünya tarihi formatına bürünmüştür. Bu dönemde yeni müfredata uygun ders kitapları hazırlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri de askeri liselerin ikinci sınıfında okutulmak üzere Süleyman Hüsnü Paşa tarafından hazırlanan Tarih-i Âlem’dir. 1876 yılında yayınlanan kitap, Osmanlı Devleti’nde telif edilen ilk umumi tarih ders kitapları arasında yer almaktadır. Eser, sadece Eskiçağ tarihiyle ilgilidir. Tarih-i Âlem’de eski ile yeni metotlar, geleneksel ile modern tarih anlayışı ve anlatılar, Doğulu ve Batılı kaynaklar ve tarihsel yaklaşımlar harmanlanmıştır. Bu çalışmayla Tarih-i Âlem’in içeriği, formatı ve metodu analiz edilecek, yöntemde ve konu içeriği seçiminde neden bir standardın uygulan(a)madığı irdelenecektir. Bu amaçla farklı tarih yazımı geleneklerinin bulunduğu iki bölüm örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bunlardan biri geleneksel tarih ve kutsal tarih anlayışının temsil edildiği Ezmine-i Evveliye bölümü, diğeri ise modern tarih anlayışına daha yakın olan Ezmine-i Esâtiriye bölümünden Asya-yı Suğra kısmıdır. Her iki bölümün günümüz harflerine aktarımı eklerde verilmiştir.
NÜFUS VE TEMETTÜAT DEFTERLERİNE GÖRE ÇİRMEN KAZASI KOVANCILAR VE GÖLCÜK KÖYLERİ (1844-1845)
Authors: DURDU Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Osmanlı tarih araştırmalarında, XIX. yüzyılda tertip edilmiş olan nüfus ve temettüat defterleri, sosyal tarih ve ekonomi tarihi çalışmalarında önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı Rumeli’sinde önemli bir kaza olan Çirmen kazası içerisinde bulunan ve bir Müslüman köyü olan Kovancılar ile gayrimüslim (zimmî) köyü olan Gölcük’ün demografik ve sosyal yapısı ile ekonomik vaziyeti, karşılaştırmalı olarak tetkik edilmiştir. Kullandığımız temel kaynaklar, adı geçen köylerin nüfus ve temettüat defterleridir. Buna göre 26 haneli Kovancılar köyünün temel geçim kaynağı, tarım ve hayvancılıktır. 14 haneli olan ve daha yüksek gelire sahip gayrimüslim Gölcük köyünde ise en önemli geçim kaynağı kömürcülüktür. Tanzimat’ın getirdiği yeni vergi sistemine uygun olarak her iki köyden de şer’î vergiler dışında vergi-yi mahsûsa adıyla bir vergi tahsil edilmiştir. Tanzimat’ın, herkesin gelirine göre vergi verme prensibinin Rumeli’deki bu iki köyde uygulandığı görülmüştür. Nüfusu daha az olan Gölcük köyünün toplam yıllık geliri, Kovancılar köyünden daha yüksektir. Gölcük köyü, toplam yıllık gelirin çoğunluğunu kömürcülükten elde etmektedir. Oysa Kovancılar köyünde toplam yıllık gelirin yarıdan fazlası, tarım ve hayvancılıktan sağlanmaktadır.
I. SAADET GİRAY HAN DÖNEMİNE AİT RUS ARŞİVLERİNDE BULUNAN İKİ AHİDNAMENİN TERCÜMESİ VE TAHLİLİ
Authors: YOLSEVER Umut
Published: August 2022

Rus elçilik raporları, Kırım Hanlığı’nın erken dönemini aydınlatmak için elimizde bulunan en önemli kaynaklardan birisidir ve elçilik raporlarının mutlaka incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple Moskova’da bulunan RGADA (Rosskiyskiy Gosudartstvennıy Arhiv Drevnih Aktov / Rusya Devlet Arşivi Eski Yazışmalar Bölümü) Arşivinden muhtelif zorluklar neticesinde edindiğimiz, Moskova Knezliği ve I. Saadet Giray Han dönemi Kırım Hanlığı arasında hazırlanmış iki ahidnameyi dilimize tercüme edip tahlillerini yaparak Türkiye’deki Kırım Hanlığı çalışmalarına bir nebze de olsa katkıda bulunmak istedik. Lakin dönemin koşullarını anlatmadan, ahidnamelerin neden kısa süre arayla tekrarlandığını ifade etmeden belgelerin doğrudan tercümesini vermenin yanlış olacağını düşündüğümüz için I. Saadet Giray Han dönemi kısaca anlatılmıştır. Dönem hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra iki ahidnamenin tercümesi çalışma sonuna eklenmişti
The Effectiveness of the Activity Package Based on Direct Instruction Method in Developing the Number Sense of Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: YILMAZ YENİOĞLU Büşra , SÖNMEZ KARTAL Mine
Published: August 2022

Introduction: One of the important concepts in counting and calculation skills and forming the basis of these skills is the concept of number sense. Number sense is defined as the fluent and flexible use of numbers while solving problems involving numerical concepts. Number sense, which is one of the basic skills of mathematics, plays an important role in the acquisition of advanced mathematical skills. When the studies on number sense in Turkiye were examined, it was determined that the studies mostly focused on determining the number sense levels of students and were conducted with individuals with typical development. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the activity package based on the direct instruction method in developing the number sense of children with intellectual disabilities.Method: In this study, the effectiveness of the activity package based on the direct instruction method in developing and maintaining the sense of number of three participants aged 8-12 with mild intellectual disability was examined. It was also examined whether the participants could generalize their acquired skills to Panamath practice. In the study, a multiple probe design with probe conditions across participants, which is one of the single-subject research models, was used.Findings: The findings showed that all participants developed their sense of number and were able to maintain this skill. Also, it showed that individuals from different age groups could generalize to Panamath, a software used to determine number sense. The social validity findings collected from the teachers of the participants also showed that number sense is an important skill for the participants. In addition, the teachers stated that the participants used their number sense skills in their daily lives as well.Discussion: The findings of the study were consistent with the results of the studies in the literature examining the effectiveness of the direct instruction method in teaching mathematics skills to students with special needs. The obtained results were discussed by comparing them with similar studies.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a infección por SARS-CoV-2 en adultos mayores institucionalizados
Authors: Buitrago-Gómez Nathalia , Zambrano-Urbano José , Muñoz-Realpe Juan , Ocampo-Chaparro José Mauricio , Hernández-Arango Claudia , Lesmes-Duque María Cristina , Osorio-Amaya Lyda Elena , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos Alfonso
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infección y los factores asociados con la COVID-19 en una institución geriátrica de Cali, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio observacional de corte transversal en adultos mayores institucionalizados durante un brote de COVID-19. En una población de 252 adultos a los cuales se les realizó tamización mediante pruebas para detección de SARS-CoV-2, se analizó la prevalencia de la infección por la COVID-19 y su relación con las características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, síntomas y clinimetría geriátrica mediante modelos de regresión bivariados con razones de prevalencias. De esta población, 84 (33,3%) se infectaron. Se encontró mayor prevalencia de la enfermedad en adultos ≥80 años (RP= 1,69 IC 95% 1,16-2,47), con malnutrición (MNA<17) (RP= 1,44 IC 95% 1,01-2,04) y con un índice de Barthel <60 (RP= 1,57 IC 95% 1,09-2,25). Los infectados se presentaron en su mayoría con fiebre (RP= 2,08 IC 95% 1,39-3,09) y tos (RP= 1,61 IC 95% 1,10-2,34). En conclusión, la prevalencia de infección por COVID-19 en el adulto mayor institucionalizado se relaciona con edad avanzada, malnutrición y dependencia funcional.
Seroprevalence of Pertussis Antibodies and Infection Risk Among Female
Medical Students
Authors: Jhancy Malay , Bernhardt Grisilda Vidya , Srinivasamurthy Sureshkumar , Akram Wardah Mohammad , Haris Aysha Simran
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Pertussis seroprotection among neonates depends on maternal antibodies before receiving their first childhood acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination. Therefore, childbearing women need to have adequate seroprotection, either before conception or during the antenatal period, to protect their neonates from contracting neonatal pertussis. Given the global rise in neonatal pertussis incidence, there is a need to address the importance of protection against this infection by promoting booster vaccinations among female medical students as a preventive measure for their future generation. This paper addresses a part of our study on the seroprevalence of anti-PT IgG antibodies in female medical students who are more prone to acquire infections from the patients during their clinical rotations.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted for three months by recruiting female medical students of RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. The antibody levels (IgG) of pertussis (anti-PT) in blood sera of the study population were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunoassay. A 60 – 125 IU/mL titer was considered the positive titer level (p-value <0.05 being statistically significant).

Results:

Among 90 ethnically different student participants (mean age of 21 years), forty-four percent (n=40) showed detectable titers of anti-PT IgG antibodies. Whereas fourteen percent of participants (n=13) had high positive titers above 125U/mL, four percent (n=3) showed positive titers ranging from 60-125IU/mL. Two percent (n=2) were in borderline with 55 - <60IU/mL and twenty three percent (n=21) were < 55IU/mL titres. The mean ± SD of IgG titers was 42 ± 74.93 IU/mL with a range of 0-267 IU/mL

Conclusion:

Only forty-four percent had detectable titers of anti-PT IgG antibodies, among whom fourteen percent (n=13) had high positive titers indicating recent infection. The results signify a low level of seroprotection among female medical students that emphasizes the need to promote booster vaccination for the high-risk group who work in the health profession.
FOXN3 Expression Regulated by miR-299-5p Inhibiting the Proliferation,
Migration and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Maimaitiming Kamilijiang , Yilihamu Alimire , Keyimu Kudusi , Keranmu Rexiati , Li Jun , Xu Hui , Wufuer Duolikun
Published: August 2022

Background:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the commonest malignancies of the oral cavity. FOXN3 is a tumor suppressor that represses the progression of many tumors. Nonetheless, its role in OSCC has not been elucidated. This work is performed to probe the role and dysregulation mechanism of FOXN3 in OSCC.

Method:

FOXN3 mRNA and miR-299-5p expressions were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was employed to detect OSCC cell growth; Transwell experiment was conducted to detect cell migration and invasion; dual-luciferase reporter experiment and bioinformatics were adopted to analyze the relationship between miR-299-5p and FOXN3; Western blot was implemented to detect FOXN3 protein expression.

Result:

FOXN3 expression was remarkably down-modulated, and miR-299-5p expression was markedly up-modulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with paracancerous tissues and normal oral epithelial cell line. FOXN3 overexpression impeded OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. FOXN3 was proven to be a downstream target of miR-299-5p, and miR-299-5p mimics enhanced OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. Moreover, FOXN3 overexpression partially reversed the promoting effects of miR-299-5p mimics on OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion.

Conclusion:

FOXN3 expression is remarkably down-modulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and miR-299-5p targets FOXN3 to facilitate OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion. These results imply that miR-299-5p/FOXN3 axis may be a potential target for OSCC treatment.
Survey on Medicinal Plants and Herbs in Traditional Iranian Medicine with Anti-oxidant, Anti-viral, Anti-microbial, and Anti-inflammation Properties
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: August 2022

The review aims to summarize the major and dominant natural antioxidants and their resources from medicinal and herbal plants with antiviral, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial activities. For this review manuscript, online databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, were searched for papers published from 1960 to November, 2021. Search terms consisted of “medicinal plants”, “traditional Iranian medicine”, “traditional Persian medicine”, “pharmaceutical properties”, “antioxidant activity”, “antiviral activity”, “anti-inflammation”, “antimicrobial” and “antibacterial activities”. (-)-Epicatechin, Caffeic acid, Gallic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Kaempferol, and Resveratrol are some of the most important chemical compounds with antioxidant properties. Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, Carnosol, P-Coumaric acid, Carnosic acid, Luteolin, Apigenin, and Kaempferol are the major chemical compounds with antiviral properties. Curcumin, Colchicine, Resveratrol, Capsaicin, (-)-Epigallocatechin, Quercetin, Myristicin, and Elmicin are the principal chemical compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. Isoeugenol, Coumarin, Piperonal, Scoparone, Spathulenol, D-Limonene, and Myrcene are the principal chemical compounds with antibacterial properties in traditional Iranian medicine. Persian traditional medicine, or Iranian traditional medicine, is one of the main ancient forms of traditional medicine, which has influenced knowledge regarding other medicinal plants in various countries. It has also been considered one of the most well-known traditional and holistic systems of medicine.