bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Parvimysis (Mysida, Mysidae) with descriptions of five new species from coastal waters of the Caribbean
Authors: WITTMANN KARL J.
Published: February 2020

Detection of previously unknown, dimorphic setal patterns on the carpus of the fifth thoracic endopod in types of Parvimysis bahamensis Brattegard, 1969, representing the type species of the genus Parvimysis Brattegard, 1969, required revision of this genus together with taxonomic verification of materials previously assigned to this species from all around the Caribbean. Study of this material together with new samples from marine waters of Curaçao led to the detection of five new species. Four of these species have a dimorphic carpus of the fifth endopod and are here described as P. pricei sp. nov., P. laminata sp. nov., P. brattegardi sp. nov., and P. ornata sp. nov. One species with non-dimorphic setal patterns is described as P. nuda sp. nov. Two species groups are defined based on structural differences of the carapace, mandibular and maxillary palpus, oostegites and telson: the P. bahamensis group with six species from marine waters of the Caribbean and an additional one from brackish-freshwaters of Surinam, versus the P. amazonica group with seven species from freshwaters of Amazonia. A key to the 14 species currently known from the genus Parvimysis is provided.
Checklist of the Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of the Taxonomic Collections Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil)
Authors: MONTEIRO GÔNDIA S. , DE S. SOUZA DIEGO , DE L. NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. , HASEYAMA KIRSTERN LICA F.
Published: February 2020

The Taxonomic Collections Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (CCT-UFMG) has 223,653 insects catalogued, of which about 6,500 are beetles (Coleoptera). Most insects in the collection are from the southeastern region of Brazil. The collection also includes specimens from other regions and from other countries. A checklist of the flat-faced longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) deposited in the CCT-UFMG is presented. The available exemplars were identified using the literature or direct comparison with individuals from other scientific collections. The CCT-UFMG contains 254 specimens of Lamiinae that were identified to species level, comprising 100 species from 63 genera. This checklist includes a new country record of Aerenicopsis championi Bates, 1885 for Brazil and the following 26 new records for the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil): Apagomera bravoi Galileo & Martins, 2009; Atrypanius conspersus (Germar, 1824); Callia axillaris (Dalman, 1823); Callia xanthomera Redtenbacher, 1867; Cacostola acuticauda Marinoni & Martins, 1982; Cipriscola fasciata (Thomson, 1860); Colobothea centralis Monné, 1993; Colobothea rubroornata Zajciw, 1962; Desmiphora ornata Bates, 1866; Estola assimilis Breuning, 1940; Eupromerella griseofasciata (Fuchs, 1959); Hedypathes monachus (Erichson in Schomburg, 1848); Hesychotypa subfasciata Dillon & Dillon, 1945; Hippopsis pubiventris Galileo & Martins, 1988; Ischioderes oncideroides Dillon & Dillon, 1945; Laticranium mandibulare Lane, 1959; Lesbates caviunas (Dillon & Dillon, 1949); Nealcidion silvai Monné & Delfino, 1986; Oncideres alicei Lane, 1977; Oreodera curiosa Galileo & Martins, 2007; Phoebe phoebe (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825); Polyrhaphis olivieri Thomson, 1865; Psapharochrus geminus Galileo & Martins, 2012; Psapharochrus nigricans (Lameere, 1885); Steirastoma breve (Sulzer, 1776); Tapeina rudifrons Marinoni, 1972. Photographs of specimens that represent new distribution records and a map showing the distribution of the species of Lamiinae present in the collection are provided.
Estimating the Shallow Convective Mass Flux from the Subcloud-Layer Mass Budget
Authors: Vogel Raphaela , Bony Sandrine , Stevens Bjorn
Published: February 2020

This paper develops a method to estimate the shallow-convective mass flux M at the top of the subcloud layer as a residual of the subcloud-layer mass budget. The ability of the mass-budget estimate to reproduce the mass flux diagnosed directly from the cloud-core area fraction and vertical velocity is tested using real-case large-eddy simulations over the tropical Atlantic. We find that M reproduces well the magnitude, diurnal cycle, and day-to-day variability of the core-sampled mass flux, with an average root-mean-square error of less than 30% of the mean. The average M across the four winter days analyzed is 12 mm s−1, where the entrainment rate E contributes on average 14 mm s−1 and the large-scale vertical velocity W contributes −2 mm s−1. We find that day-to-day variations in M are mostly explained by variations in W, whereas E is very similar among the different days analyzed. Instead E exhibits a pronounced diurnal cycle, with a minimum of about 10 mm s−1 around sunset and a maximum of about 18 mm s−1 around sunrise. Application of the method to dropsonde data from an airborne field campaign in August 2016 yields the first measurements of the mass flux derived from the mass budget, and supports the result that the variability in M is mostly due to the variability in W. Our analyses thus suggest a strong coupling between the day-to-day variability in shallow convective mixing (as measured by M) and the large-scale circulation (as measured by W). Application of the method to the EUREC4A field campaign will help evaluate this coupling, and assess its implications for cloud-base cloudiness.
Climate change in sociology: Still silent or resonating?
Authors: Koehrsen Jens , Dickel Sascha , Pfister Thomas , Rödder Simone , Böschen Stefan , Wendt Björn , Block Katharina , Henkel Anna
Published: February 2020

Since Lever-Tracy’s call for stronger sociological engagement with climate change in 2008, the number of climate-related contributions to leading sociological journals has increased. Yet, they still represent a small percentage of contributions overall. Reviewing the 37 articles published in eight top-ranked sociology journals until 2018, the authors of the present article identify five main subfields of research: (a) reflections on the role of the social sciences, (b) politics, (c) economy and consumption, (d) media and public perceptions, and (e) global flows. They conclude that the rise in contributions since 2008 indicates that climate change creates some resonance in the disciplinary core of mainstream sociology but that most sociological climate change research is undertaken and published in inter- and transdisciplinary spaces beyond the boundaries of the discipline. Emphasizing that climate change research can provide important epistemic resources for the discipline, the authors argue that sociology would benefit from being more responsive to it.
Characteristics and needs of people living homeless in León (Nicaragua): Similarities and differences with other groups in severe social exclusion
Authors: Vázquez José Juan , Suarez Alexia , Berríos Alberto , Panadero Sonia
Published: February 2020

The study examines various aspects (e.g. socio-demographic characteristics, access to economic resources, social support, chronicity and access to new technologies) in a sample of homeless people living in León (Nicaragua; n = 68). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that people experiencing homelessness in León (Nicaragua) have enormous social difficulty, with high levels of chronification. Despite the major cultural and developmental differences between Spain and Nicaragua, there are considerable similarities between people living homeless in the two countries, while there are significant differences compared with waste pickers in León (Nicaragua) regarding the same aspects.
International organizations and service professionalization for disadvantaged children in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Thai Lan Nguyen
Published: February 2020

Social work was reintroduced in Vietnam in the late 1980s and was officially recognized in 2010 as an effective tool for responding to increasing levels of social problems as a result of the introduction of a market economic policy in the mid-1980s. It is estimated that about 18.2 percent of children in Vietnam are in need of social work services. This article reports a part of a qualitative study to address the questions of what and how international organizations have been engaging in the professionalization of social work services for disadvantaged children in Vietnam, taking five international organizations as the unit of analysis. Mixed data-collection strategies were used, including participant observations, 39 in-depth interviews, and 3 focus group discussions. The key argument of this research is about the relationship between international organizations and social work professionalization in empowerment, service development, and challenges in the local context. The research results also suggest critical thinking of indigenizing, or ‘Vietnamizing’ and authenticating the social work profession in respect to the indigenous culture, economic, political, social, and environmental aspects.
A mathematical model for predicting indoor PM2.5 concentration under different ventilation methods in residential buildings
Authors: Xie Wei , Fan Yuesheng , Zhang Xin , Tian Guoji , Si Pengfei
Published: February 2020

Experiments and theoretical analyses are conducted in a residential building in Changzhou to study indoor PM2.5 concentrations by establishing a combined parameter model. An alternative method for predicting the particle deposition rate and penetration coefficient is proposed, and its accuracy is tested and verified by experiments using time-dependent concentrations and air exchange rate measurements. The predicted PM2.5 penetration coefficient increased from 0.70 to 0.88 when the air exchange rates were varied from 0.2 h−1 to 0.5 h−1. In addition, outdoor sources of PM2.5 dominantly contributed approximately 90% to 98% to the indoor concentrations for both mechanically and naturally ventilated structures. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting the indoor concentration is presented using a mass balance equation, which estimates the parameter values in the building. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 40 to 46 µg/m3 by using a fresh air system with 82% filtration efficiency, while those by using open windows for natural ventilation ranged from 105 to 118 µg/m3 when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration ranged from 115 to 137 µg/m3. The results of this study can be used to estimate the indoor particle level.

Practical application: By applying the ventilation criteria for acceptable indoor air quality in ASHRAE Standard 62.1, the indoor PM2.5 monitoring results show serious pollution in dwellings in 2018. More dwellings are expected to maintain a clean indoor environment in the future. Thus, it is crucial to consider the indoor PM2.5 pollution risk in the building design to prevent the possible consequences of unsafe high indoor concentrations. The use of this prediction model, as discussed in this article, will provide further information on the influence of the particle deposition rate ( K) and penetration coefficient ( P) on indoor PM2.5 concentrations.
The Economic Burden of Vertigo: Results From the Hospitalized and Outpatients
Authors: Özdemir Şule , Özdemir Doğukan , Terzi Özlem , Mehel Dursun Mehmet , Özgür Abdulkadir
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Vertigo and dizziness are the common presenting concerns in emergency departments and outpatient clinics, accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of adults annually. We aimed to evaluate economic burden of vertigo on health-care system and work productivity in association between clinic characteristics of in- or outpatients.

Methods:

A total number of 2289 patients diagnosed with peripheric (noncentral) vertigo were evaluated retrospectively. The direct medical costs associated with vertigo classified as medication, consumable, imaging, and laboratory. In addition, the indirect costs were associated with lost working days. The overall economic impact of vertigo assessed via total expenditure for diagnosis and treatment.

Results:

The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.6 ± 4.3 days and working day lost was 9.47 ± 3.90 days. The overall impact on work productivity of disease was 15.35 ± 6.11 days. The overall mean direct cost including all expenditure items associated with vertigo care was $250.25 ± $1479.62 per patient. The overall cost associated with vertigo was found to be statistically increased in the male, aged ≥65 years, widow or divorced, and hospitalized patients.

Conclusions:

Our findings clearly indicate that a vertigo–dizziness management program based on patients’ risk factors may achieve to reduce hospitalizations and cost of hospital care as well.
Autocratic welfare programs, economic perceptions, and support for the dictator: Evidence from African autocracies
Authors: Han Kangwook
Published: February 2020

While numerous studies have explored the foundations of autocratic stability by focusing on macroeconomic variables, the micro-foundations of autocratic support have largely been overlooked. Using Afrobarometer survey data from 22 African autocracies, I examine how dictators stabilize their rule even during economic recessions. I find that the provision of welfare benefits alleviates the adverse impact of negative economic perceptions on support for the dictator. Citizens are likely to continue supporting the dictator as long as the government keeps providing universal welfare benefits. The results remain robust to different model specifications that account for alternative explanations and validity concerns associated with autocratic survey data.
Redesigning a commercial combined cycle in an undergraduate thermodynamics course: Connecting theory to practical cycle design
Authors: Suwa Tohru , Kurniawan Tetuko
Published: February 2020

Due to various reasons, the concepts of thermodynamics are not easy to grasp for undergraduate students. One of the major reasons is that the students are mostly unfamiliar with the thermodynamics devices discussed in the courses. Offering courses with experiments is an effective approach to solve this issue. However, it is not practical or possible for universities to own devices that operate at high temperatures and with high pressure fluids. With the cooperation of a nearby electric company, undergraduate students of a thermodynamics course from the Department of Mechanical Engineering measured thermal performances of a commercial combined cycle and its sub-systems at the President University. After learning about the theory of thermal cycles, the students analyzed the thermal performances of actual thermodynamics cycles. Subsequently, they analyzed the thermal efficiency improvements when reheating or regeneration is applied to the simple Rankine cycle in the combined cycle. At the end of the course, the students gave presentations before the electric company’s management and engineering personnel, akin to professional engineers. This course is structured to familiarize undergraduate students with thermodynamics cycles and devices.
Radiology Interest Groups: A Recipe for Success
Authors: Dobson Jessica L. , Fenwick Andrew , Linehan Victoria , Hartery Angus
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

Radiology Interest Groups (RIGs) are valuable for medical students and the radiology profession. The purpose of this study is to identify key components of a successful RIG and to discuss how to optimize available resources to increase student engagement in radiology.

Methods:

Anonymous feedback forms (n = 478) completed by preclinical medical students attending 20 RIG events between September 2016 and May 2019 were analyzed. A five-point Likert-type scale was used to determine event effectiveness, and important themes reflecting student perspectives were identified using thematic analysis of freeform comments.

Results:

Based on Likert feedback, 75% to 78% of students had a positive experience of RIG events and believed sessions were relevant to their studies. 31% to 42% of students believed these events increased their interest or insight into radiology and influenced their career choice. Four representative themes were identified by qualitative analysis of written feedback: engagement, professional development, mentorship, and suggestions for improvement. These themes provided insight into student perspectives of our RIG, and, along with experience from the RIG organizers, the authors present elements perceived to have contributed to these positive results.

Conclusion:

Thematic analysis of feedback reveals that students consider interactive events, contribution to professional development, and the opportunity for mentorship valuable elements of a RIG. From the perspective of the organizing committee, we embody these aspects through careful planning, innovative events, and consistent debriefing. In this way, our RIG promotes the future of the radiology profession and serves as a practical model for other similar organizations.
Effects of Deep Learning Reconstruction Technique in High-Resolution Non-contrast Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography at a 3-Tesla Machine
Authors: Yokota Yasuhiro , Takeda Chika , Kidoh Masafumi , Oda Seitaro , Aoki Ryo , Ito Kenichi , Morita Kosuke , Haraoka Kentaro , Yamashita Yuichi , Iizuka Hitoshi , Kato Shingo , Tsujita Kenichi , Ikeda Osamu , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Utsunomiya Daisuke
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) in qualitative and quantitative image quality of non-contrast magnetic resonance coronary angiography (MRCA).

Methods:

Ten healthy volunteers underwent conventional MRCA (C-MRCA) and high-resolution (HR) MRCA on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging with a voxel size of 1.8 × 1.1 × 1.7 mm3 and 1.8 × 0.6 × 1.0 mm3, respectively, for C-MRCA and HR-MRCA. High-resolution magnetic resonance coronary angiography was also reconstructed with the DLR technique (DLR-HR-MRCA). We compared the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and visual evaluation scores for vessel sharpness and traceability of proximal and distal coronary vessels on a 4-point scale among 3 image series.

Results:

The vascular CNR value on the C-MRCA and the DLR-HR-MRCA was significantly higher than that on the HR-MRCA in the proximal and distal coronary arteries (13.9 ± 6.4, 11.3 ± 4.4, and 7.8 ± 2.6 for C-MRCA, DLR-HR-MRCA, and HR-MRCA, P < .05, respectively). Mean visual evaluation scores for the vessel sharpness and traceability of proximal and distal coronary vessels were significantly higher on the HR-DLR-MRCA than the C-MRCA ( P < .05, respectively).

Conclusion:

Deep learning reconstruction significantly improved the CNR of coronary arteries on HR-MRCA, resulting in both higher visual image quality and better vessel traceability compared with C-MRCA.
Understanding Public Attitudes to Hate: Developing and Testing a U.K. Version of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale
Authors: Bacon Alison M. , May Jon , Charlesford Jaysan J.
Published: February 2020

Against the backdrop of an increase in reported hate crimes, we present the development of a U.K.-focussed instrument designed to evaluate the nature of public beliefs about hate crime, legislation, offenders and victims. In Study 1, 438 participants completed an Anglicized version of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS). Factor analyses revealed three subfactors: Denial (high scores represent a denial of hate crime severity and need for legislation), Compassion (high score reflect compassion toward victims and affected communities) and Sentencing (higher scores reflect more punitive attitudes). In Study 2 ( N = 134) we show that scores on Denial are positively associated with those on Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), ideologies known to be associated with prejudice. Compassion was negatively associated with these ideologies. Mediation analyses showed that Big Five personality traits Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness predicted Denial and Compassion via RWA, whereas Agreeableness and Openness predicted scores via SDO, consistent with a dual-process motivation model of hate crime beliefs. Results are discussed in terms of the nature of hate crime beliefs and the importance of understanding public attitudes which may support undesirable social norms and influence jury decision making in trials of hate related offenses.
Impact of a Student Pharmacist Pilot Focused on the Transitions of Care Process From Emergency Department Visits to Family Medicine Follow-Up in a Rural Patient Setting
Authors: DeRemer Christina E. , Lyons Shannon R. , Harman Emily J. , Quinn Karina , Konopack Jason
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Few would argue that emergency department utilization volumes do not tax the health system. Currently, there is not a process defined by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for transitioning this patient population back to their primary physicians following emergency department visits. Resource limitations in a rural family medicine setting create barriers to dedicate focus on this important transitional care management from urgent care visits to primary care office.

Objective:

To describe a novel pilot process for transitional care management from the emergency department utilizing pharmacy student extenders to overcome resource limitation at a rural family medicine clinic and establish follow-up primary physician contact.

Methods:

From a master list provided, student pharmacists proactively telephoned patients and reviewed medication changes while assisting with scheduling follow-up appointments at the patient’s primary physician clinic.

Results:

The result of these efforts increased the communication with patients and resulted in a 26% (10/38) increase in follow-up appointments scheduled with a total increase of an additional 7 patients adhering to follow-up transitional appointment.

Conclusion:

This approach utilizing student extenders is a feasible and sustainable process that can increase patient contact when resources are limited, while serving as an educational tool for next generation providers.
Multifunctional composite nanofibers with shape memory and piezoelectric properties for energy harvesting
Authors: Guan Xiaoyu , Chen Hairong , Xia Hong , Fu Yaqin , Qiu Yiping , Ni Qing-Qing
Published: February 2020

Although many kinds of flexible piezoelectric materials have been developed, there were few reports on flexible multifunctional nanofibers for energy harvesting. In this study, we prepared multifunctional nanofibers from lead zirconate titanate particles and shape memory polyurethane by electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers had both piezoelectric and shape memory effects. To improve the dispersion, lead zirconate titanate particles were modified by silane coupling agents. The lead zirconate titanate/shape memory polyurethane nanofibers were used to harvest energy from sinusoidal vibrations, and the lead zirconate titanate 80 wt% sample produced voltages of 120.3 mV (peak-to-peak). Taking advantage of the shape memory effect, the lead zirconate titanate/shape memory polyurethane nanofibers can be easily deformed into desired shapes and revealed the potential for realizing energy harvesting in complex structures.
The Effectiveness of Palate Re-Repair for Treating Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kurnik Nicole M. , Weidler Erica M. , Lien Kari M. , Cordero Kelly N. , Williams Jessica L. , Temkit M’hamed , Beals Stephen P. , Singh Davinder J. , Sitzman Thomas J.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Palate re-repair has been proposed as an effective treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with a low risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion of patients achieving normal speech resonance following palate re-repair for VPI, the proportion developing OSA, and the criteria for patient selection that are associated with increased effectiveness.

Methods:

PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception through April 2018 for English language articles evaluating palate re-repair for the treatment of VPI in patients with a repaired cleft palate. Inclusion criteria included reporting of hypernasality, nasal air emission, nasometry, additional VPI surgery, and/or OSA outcomes. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. Risk of bias was assessed regarding criteria for patient selection, blinding of outcome assessors, and validity of speech assessment scale.

Results:

Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. The incidence of achieving no consistent hypernasality follow palate re-repair was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44%-75%). The incidence of additional surgery for persistent VPI symptoms was 21% (95% CI: 12%-33%). The incidence of OSA was 28% (95% CI: 13%-49%). Criteria for selecting patients to undergo re-repair varied, with anterior/sagittal position of palatal muscles (33%) and small velopharyngeal gap (22%) being the most common. No specific patient selection criteria led to superior speech outcomes ( P = .6572).

Conclusions:

Palate re-repair achieves normal speech resonance in many but not all patients with VPI. Further research is needed to identify the specific examination and imaging findings that predict successful correction of VPI with re-repair.
Reflection of coupled dilatational and shear waves in the generalized micropolar thermoelastic materials
Authors: Lianngenga Rengsi , Singh Sanasam S
Published: February 2020

The problem of wave propagation in the generalized theory of micropolar thermoelasticity under the Green–Lindsay model has been investigated. We have investigated the reflected dilatational and shear waves due to incident waves at a plane-free surface of generalized micropolar thermoelastic materials. The amplitude and energy ratios corresponding to the reflected coupled dilatational and coupled shear waves are derived using boundary conditions at the free surface. These ratios are also computed numerically for a particular model. Note that there are critical angles for the incident shear wave.
Sound transmission through sandwich plate with hourglass lattice truss core
Authors: Guo Zhen-Kun , Hu Guobiao , Sorokin Vladislav , Yang Yi , Tang Lihua
Published: February 2020

This article is devoted to investigating sound insulation performance of a simply supported sandwich plate with an hourglass lattice core. The governing equations of lattice core sandwich plate are established using the Reissner sandwich plate theory. The solutions are derived using Fourier series expansion. The developed model is verified through the comparison with the results of the models from the existing literature, as well as finite element method (FEM). The effects of various structural and material parameters, the incident angle, and azimuth angle of the incident sound on sound insulation characteristics are investigated. It is demonstrated that the sandwich plate with the hourglass lattice core can outperform that with the traditional lattice cores. This work provides useful guidelines for the design of lightweight lattice sandwich structures in the application of sound insulation.
Somatization in acute care pediatrics: Respecting the mind–body connection
Authors: Jenkins Willough , Smart Katharine
Published: February 2020

Somatic symptom disorder is a complex condition linking distress in the mind to physical distress in the body. However, in addition to the disorder itself, experienced clinicians know that children and youth frequently experience somatizing symptoms. With an increasing prevalence of anxiety in the pediatric population, symptoms attributable to process of “somatizing” are common, and early identification and rapport building to address the root causes of a child’s distress are critical for a good outcome. In the acute care setting, clinicians are often reluctant to make the diagnosis of somatization. Part of the challenge is encouraging clinicians to see that somatization is not a “diagnosis of exclusion.” We want to encourage clinicians to routinely consider risk factors for somatization in their histories, actively discuss the mind–body connection with patients and families, and include somatization in a carefully considered differential diagnosis. The more we can break down the siloing of physical from mental health, the better we will serve our patients.
Telemedicine adoption issues in the United States and Brazil: Perception of healthcare professionals
Authors: Luciano Edimara , Mahmood M Adam , Mansouri Rad Parand
Published: February 2020

Telemedicine has recently garnered more attention from healthcare professionals because it provides access to health services to patients in rural areas while making patient healthcare information more vulnerable to security breaches. The objective of this research is to identify factors that play a critical role in possible adoption of telemedicine in the United States and Brazil. A model with eight hypotheses was used to establish a research framework. A survey was conducted involving healthcare professionals in the aforementioned countries. The results show that telemedicine adoption is influenced by policies and culture in both countries and influenced by security and privacy in the United States. It can be inferred from the research that perceptions of the American and Brazilian healthcare professionals are similar in telemedicine issues covered in this research. These healthcare professionals, however, disagree on how patients’ privacy should be preserved in the two countries.
Curbing profanity online: A network-based diffusion analysis of profane speech on Chinese social media
Authors: Song Yunya , Kwon K Hazel , Xu Jianliang , Huang Xin , Li Shiying
Published: February 2020

Profanity, also known as swearing, refers to the use of foul language that is often linked to incivility. In Chinese digital space, the state government actively censors profanity under the rationale of protecting online civility. This study examines the diffusion of profanity in Sina Weibo, one of the largest Chinese social media platforms. The study applied computational methods to reconstruct the cascade networks of swearing and non-swearing posts and analyzed the network diffusion processes based on a set of structural metrics including reposting depth, width, and interlayer width ratios. Findings suggest profanity may influence the process of message diffusion, but this effect was ephemeral. Based on the understanding of diffusion processes of profanity online, this study contends the viral potential of profanity may not be as severe as the regulators claim. The discussion analyzes the extent to which content moderation efforts are necessary for the nurturing of civility online.
Speed tourism: The German Autobahn as a tourist destination and location of “unruly rules”
Authors: Gross Matthias
Published: February 2020

The German Autobahn has inspired many people’s imagination with its lack of a general speed limit, the quality of its road surface as well as its allegedly well-behaved drivers. One of the consequences of this positive reputation has been the emergence of a phenomenon I would like to call “speed tourism.” In this article, I treat speed tourism as a special form of tourism that involves viewing the driving experience as an opportunity for either testing the capacity of one’s own car or driving it at high speed as a way of experiencing the native culture at firsthand. I explore speed tourism as an alternative way of getting to know the real Germany as a tourist. Based on an analysis of several of its peculiarities, I argue that the Autobahn can be understood as a location where tourists can mix with “locals” while keeping a distance from them, since the interaction is restricted to learning and obeying the country’s rules of the road. The Autobahn then becomes a time-bound “dream location” created by the ideal of limitless driving freedom on the one hand and the paradoxical requirement of unruliness in relation to strict rules on the other; together, these are believed to offer an “authentic” driving experience according to local cultural customs.
The real promise of federalism: A case study of Arendt’s international thought
Authors: Lee Shinkyu
Published: February 2020

For Hannah Arendt, the federal system is an effective mode of organizing different sources of power while avoiding sovereign politics. This article aims to contribute two specific claims to the burgeoning scholarship on Arendt’s international federalism. First, Arendt’s international thought calls for the balancing of two demands: the domestic need for human greatness and flourishing, and the international demand for regulation and cooperation. Second, her reflections on council-based federalism offer a nuanced position that views the dual elements of equality in politics ( intra-state and inter-state equality) as neither contradictory nor reconciliatory but rather as ideal types along a continuum. This study shows that, through the unique form of federalism emphasizing the need to balance two demands of free politics with a clear acknowledgement of its precariousness, Arendt’s thinking adds much-needed sensitivity to international discourse.
Preparation of antibacterial conductive cotton fabrics via silane-modified polypyrrole
Authors: Xiao Xintong , Ma Wei , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung-Shi
Published: February 2020

In this study, silane-modified polypyrrole (PPy) was coated onto cotton fabrics through a conventional “in situ polymerization” method. And by chlorination with NaClO solution, we obtained antimicrobial conductive PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics. The PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. Also, the electrical conductivity property, antibacterial property, and ultraviolet light stability of the coated fabrics were tested. The PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics showed antimicrobial and electrical conductivity properties when the chlorination time was up to 30 s. The chlorine content was 0.30 wt% and the resistance was 26.79 kΩ/cm. The PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics (Cl+% 0.30) showed excellent antibacterial properties against 100% Staphylococcus aureus and 100% Escherichia coli O157:H7 were inactivated within 1 min of contact. Due to the proportional relationship of the electrical conductivity and chlorine content of the PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics, the electrical conductivity of the PPy/Si–Cl–cotton fabrics can be used for monitoring the antimicrobial activity.
Globalization, neo-globalization and post-globalization: The challenge of populism and the return of the national
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: February 2020

In the context of a perceived crisis of globalization, this article outlines key features of the globalization paradigm that bore influence in media and communication studies, observing two recurring and related weaknesses: underestimation of the continuing significance of nation-states, and overestimation of the extent to which cultures and identities had become ‘post-national’ and cosmopolitan. The rise of populism could lead to a post-global era, but it is more likely that it marks a reassertion of national policy and political priorities into the operations of global corporations and multilateral institutions. This raises the question of whether global communication studies need to be more concerned with national policy questions rather than with ‘the global’ as an entity in its own right.
Gas-phase elemental mercury removal by nano-ceramic material
Authors: Zhu Tao , Jing Weidong , Zhang Xing , Bian Wenjing , Han Yiwei , Liu Tongshen , Hou Yiming , Ye Zefu
Published: February 2020

The nano-ceramic which is mesoporous silica material was applied to test the removal efficiency of gas-phase Hg0 using a fixed-bed reactor. The physical and chemical properties of nano-ceramic were investigated by various techniques such as BET surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM); then, the sample was tested for mercury adsorption under different conditions. The mercury adsorption tests shown that different Hg0 concentration, adsorption temperature, gas flow rate, and different gas components have significant effects on the mercury removal performance of nano-ceramic, and the adsorption removal rate of nano-ceramic can be 75.58% under the optimal experimental conditions. After fitting the experimental data to the adsorption model, it was found that the theoretical maximum mercury adsorption amount q max of nano-ceramic is 1.61 mg g−1 and there were physical and chemical adsorption at the same time. The adsorption kinetics fitting results shown that the adsorption process of nano-ceramic exhibits multi-segment characteristics of “transmembrane–diffusion–adsorption.”
The impact of placental pathology discordance in multiple gestation pregnancies on bronchopulmonary dysplasia‐associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Franklin Andrew , Yallapragada Sushmita , Birkett Robert , Grobman William , Ernst Linda M. , Mestan Karen
Published: February 2020

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia‐associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD‐PH) may either be concordant or discordant between multiple gestation births. Abnormal placental development, particularly maternal vascular malperfusion, may account for discordance in BPD‐PH through fetal programming mechanisms. Maternal vascular malperfusion is a placental histologic lesion associated with intrauterine growth restriction and BPD‐PH. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of infants born <29 weeks gestation with available placental histology at Prentice Women's Hospital in Chicago from 2005–2012. The primary outcome was discordant BPD‐PH associated with placental maternal vascular malperfusion. We secondarily assessed whether the risk of BPD‐PH and placental lesions was different among infants of multiple (compared to singleton) gestations. The cohort consisted of 135 multiple gestation infants and 355 singletons. In a separate cohort of 39 singletons and 35 multiples, associations between 12 cytokines and angiogenic growth factors in cord blood plasma for biomarker discordance, maternal vascular malperfusion, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were explored. Among multiples, discordant maternal vascular malperfusion was not associated with BPD‐PH (OR = 1.9 (0.52, 6.9); p = 0.33) in infants exposed to placental maternal vascular malperfusion. However, singleton infants were more likely to develop BPD‐PH (compared to multiples) after adjusting for mode of delivery, chorioamnionitis, chronic hypertension, placental abruption, small‐for‐gestational age birth weight, and gestational age (aOR = 2.7 (1.2, 5.8); p = 0.038). Singletons were more likely to be small‐for‐gestational age (11% vs 4%, p = 0.025) and have placental lesions compared to their multiple‐gestation counterparts (96% vs 81%, p < 0.001), principally severe maternal vascular malperfusion (17% vs 4%, p < 0.001) and chronic inflammation (32% vs 11%, p < 0.001). Increased risk of BPD‐PH in singleton pregnancies <29 weeks gestation compared to multiples may be related to increased frequency of these histologic lesions. Placental pathology in singleton and multiple gestation pregnancies may serve as an early biomarker to predict BPD‐PH.
Developing Capabilities From the Scope of Emotional Intelligence as Part of the Soft Skills Needed in the Long-Term Care Sector: Presentation of Pilot Study and Training Methodology
Authors: Dimitrov Yasen , Vazova Tanja
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of the preliminary survey and pilot application of the methodological toolkit for the improvement of certain competencies, which are part of the soft skills of professionals in the long-term care sector in Bulgaria. Based on the survey the authors define 2 target competencies, namely conflict management and empathic interaction. These skills are considered a part of the scope of emotional intelligence and its constituent dimensions and authors use Daniel Goleman’s ability-based model as a base for their conceptual frame and theoretical explanations. In order to present their thesis, the authors perform a soft skill analysis of the long-term care sector; define the construct emotional intelligence and justify their choice of a theoretical model for the subsequent survey. On this basis, they develop a training design for the development of these skills and present the results achieved through its pilot application. The study includes 62 participants randomly divided into a test and control groups. The level of targeted skills is measured (before and after) and the authors report a significant increase in those skills (empathic interaction, net effect 1.87; conflict management, net effect 1.75). In conclusion, the authors open a discussion on the importance of emotional management as an essential part of any profession related to health care and underline its importance for the quality of caregiving services.
The Price of Good Friendships: Examining the Roles of Relationship Norms and Perceived Controllability in Service Failure Encounters
Authors: Li Zongchao Cathy , Tao Weiting , Wu Linwan
Published: February 2020

Despite companies’ efforts to cultivate positive relationships with their consumers, negative relational episodes such as customer service failures are inevitable. This study examines how perceived controllability of a service failure determines responses from consumers who have previously formed quality relationships with the company. Specifically, it distinguishes two types of quality relationships: communal and exchange relationships. It investigates how these two types of relationships interact with different levels of perceived service failure controllability, and collectively influence consumers’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses (i.e., anger, perceived betrayal, and negative WOM intention) to the failure encounters. Results of an online experiment ( N = 140) show that consumers experience a greater level of anger and perceived betrayal when they consider the service failure as highly controllable (vs. uncontrollable) by the company. More important, this effect pattern only occurs when prior company-consumer relationships are communal rather than exchange. The results of this study enrich our body of knowledge on the role of company-consumer relationships in service failure encounters and provide useful guidelines for company-consumer relationship development and service failure management and recovery.
Implementing a Competency-Based Approach to Anatomy Teaching: Beginning With the End in Mind
Authors: Jalali Alireza , Jeong Dahn , Sutherland Stephanie
Published: February 2020

Background:

The shift in the medical education system from a time-based to a competency-based model has encouraged its adoption and application in competency-based education in anatomy classrooms, such as team-based learning models and flipped classroom models. This pilot study aimed to build on previous work of the linkages between anatomy-based learning (a flipped classroom model inspired by a modified team-based learning) and student learning and engagement, and further to assess the linkage between anatomy-based learning and academic performance.

Methods:

A sequential mixed-methods design was employed to first gather and analyse quantitative data, including confidential student first semester scores in anatomy: gender, stream, anatomy-based learning, and final anatomy overall mark. The quantitative phase was followed by a qualitative phase in which a series of 8 anatomy laboratories were observed (4 anatomy-based learning and 4 traditional). Thematic analysis was performed on the observation data.

Results:

Aggregate anatomy-based learning and traditional stream tests, and final unit scores were compared. The anatomy-based learning and final unit scores showed little difference between students in the anatomy-based learning and students in the traditional stream. Students using anatomy-based learning had an aggregate score of 1.15 and final aggregate mark of 72, whereas students in the traditional section had an aggregate score of 1.19 and final mark of 79. Qualitative phase was undertaken to try to assess the linkages between anatomy-based learning and student learning. Observations showed that students in the anatomy-based learning section spent more time on task as compared with their peers in the traditional stream. The anatomy-based learning students also seemed to practice more self-directed learning and employed more multimodal learning strategies than the traditional section stream.

Discussion/conclusions:

Although the quantitative results of this study showed no significant difference in mean scores between anatomy-based learning and traditional designs, it was possible to observe the potential of flipped classroom model in engaging students in individual preparation, in team-based learning, and in consensus-based learning approaches.
Antisynthetase syndrome: A distinct disease spectrum
Authors: Huang Kun , Aggarwal Rohit
Published: February 2020

The discovery of novel autoantibodies related to idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (collectively referred to as myositis) has not only advanced our understanding of the clinical, serological, and pathological correlation in the disease spectrum but also played a role in guiding management and prognosis. One group of the myositis-specific autoantibodies is anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS or anti-synthetase) which defines a syndrome with predominant interstitial lung disease, arthritis, and myositis. Autoantibodies to eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been identified with anti-Jo1 the most common in all of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Disease presentation and prognosis vary depending on which anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody is present. In this review, we will discuss the clinical characteristics, overlap features with other autoimmune diseases, prognostic factors, and management of the antisynthetase syndrome.
Electric-Controlled Valley Pseudomagnetoresistance in Graphene with Y-Shaped Kekulé Lattice Distortion
Authors: Wu Qing-Ping , Chang Lu-Lu , Li Yu-Zeng , Liu Zheng-Fang , Xiao Xian-Bo
Published: February 2020

We propose a new method for regulating valley pseudomagnetoresistance in ballistic graphene-based valley field-effect transistors by taking into account the Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion and electric barrier. The device involves valley injection and valley detection by ferromagnetic-strain source and drain. The valley manipulation in the channel is achieved via the Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion and electric barrier. The central mechanism of these devices lies on Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion in graphene can induce a valley precession, thus controlling the valley orientation of channel electrons and hence the current collected at the drain. We found that the tuning external bias voltage makes the valley pseudomagnetoresistance oscillate between positive and negative values and colossal tunneling valley pseudomagnetoresistance of over 30,000% can be achieved. Our results suggest that the synergy of valleytronics and digital logics may provide new paradigms for valleytronic-based information processing and reversible computing.