bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of aerobic exercise promote learning
Authors: Perini Renza , Bortoletto Marta , Capogrosso Michela , Fertonani Anna , Miniussi Carlo
Published: May 2016

The benefits that physical exercise confers on cardiovascular health are well known, whereas the notion that physical exercise can also improve cognitive performance has only recently begun to be explored and has thus far yielded only controversial results. In the present study, we used a sample of young male subjects to test the effects that a single bout of aerobic exercise has on learning. Two tasks were run: the first was an orientation discrimination task involving the primary visual cortex and the second was a simple thumb abduction motor task that relies on the primary motor cortex. Forty-four and forty volunteers participated in the first and second experiments, respectively. We found that a single bout of aerobic exercise can significantly facilitate learning mechanisms within visual and motor domains and that these positive effects can persist for at least 30 minutes following exercise. This finding suggests that physical activity, at least of moderate intensity, might promote brain plasticity. By combining physical activity–induced plasticity with specific cognitive training–induced plasticity, we favour a gradual up-regulation of a functional network due to a steady increase in synaptic strength, promoting associative Hebbian-like plasticity.
Evaluation of energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis in cells affected by Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Authors: Ravera Silvia , Dufour Carlo , Cesaro Simone , Bottega Roberta , Faleschini Michela , Cuccarolo Paola , Corsolini Fabio , Usai Cesare , Columbaro Marta , Cipolli Marco , Savoia Anna , Degan Paolo , Cappelli Enrico
Published: May 2016

Isomorphic mutation of the SBDS gene causes Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). SDS is a rare genetic bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome. SDS cells have ribosome biogenesis and their protein synthesis altered, which are two high-energy consuming cellular processes. The reported changes in reactive oxygen species production, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and reduced mitochondrial functionality suggest an energy production defect in SDS cells. In our work, we have demonstrated that SDS cells display a Complex IV activity impairment, which causes an oxidative phosphorylation metabolism defect, with a consequent decrease in ATP production. These data were confirmed by an increased glycolytic rate, which compensated for the energetic stress. Moreover, the signalling pathways involved in glycolysis activation also appeared more activated; i.e. we reported AMP-activated protein kinase hyper-phosphorylation. Notably, we also observed an increase in a mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation and high intracellular calcium concentration levels ([Ca2+]i), which probably represent new biochemical equilibrium modulation in SDS cells. Finally, the SDS cell response to leucine (Leu) was investigated, suggesting its possible use as a therapeutic adjuvant to be tested in clinical trials.
Negative Refraction with Superior Transmission in Graphene-Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) Multilayer Hyper Crystal
Authors: Sayem Ayed Al , Rahman Md. Masudur , Mahdy M. R. C. , Jahangir Ifat , Rahman Md. Saifur
Published: May 2016

In this article, we have theoretically investigated the performance of graphene-hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) multilayer structure (hyper crystal) to demonstrate all angle negative refraction along with superior transmission. hBN, one of the latest natural hyperbolic materials, can be a very strong contender to form a hyper crystal with graphene due to its excellence as a graphene-compatible substrate. Although bare hBN can exhibit negative refraction, the transmission is generally low due to its high reflectivity. Whereas due to graphene’s 2D nature and metallic characteristics in the frequency range where hBN behaves as a type-I hyperbolic material, we have found graphene-hBN hyper-crystals to exhibit all angle negative refraction with superior transmission. Interestingly, superior transmission from the whole structure can be fully controlled by the tunability of graphene without hampering the negative refraction originated mainly from hBN. We have also presented an effective medium description of the hyper crystal in the low-k limit and validated the proposed theory analytically and with full wave simulations. Along with the current extensive research on hybridization of graphene plasmon polaritons with (hyperbolic) hBN phonon polaritons, this work might have some substantial impact on this field of research and can be very useful in applications such as hyper-lensing.
In silico identification of anti-cancer compounds and plants from traditional Chinese medicine database
Authors: Dai Shao-Xing , Li Wen-Xing , Han Fei-Fei , Guo Yi-Cheng , Zheng Jun-Juan , Liu Jia-Qian , Wang Qian , Gao Yue-Dong , Li Gong-Hua , Huang Jing-Fei
Published: May 2016

There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-cancer compounds and plants from the TCM database by using cheminformatics. We first predicted 5278 anti-cancer compounds from TCM database. The top 346 compounds were highly potent active in the 60 cell lines test. Similarity analysis revealed that 75% of the 5278 compounds are highly similar to the approved anti-cancer drugs. Based on the predicted anti-cancer compounds, we identified 57 anti-cancer plants by activity enrichment. The identified plants are widely distributed in 46 genera and 28 families, which broadens the scope of the anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we constructed a network of predicted anti-cancer plants and approved drugs based on the above results. The network highlighted the supportive role of the predicted plant in the development of anti-cancer drug and suggested different molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of the plants. Our study suggests that the predicted compounds and plants from TCM database offer an attractive starting point and a broader scope to mine for potential anti-cancer agents.
Cell freezing protocol suitable for ATAC-Seq on motor neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Milani Pamela , Escalante-Chong Renan , Shelley Brandon C. , Patel-Murray Natasha L. , Xin Xiaofeng , Adam Miriam , Mandefro Berhan , Sareen Dhruv , Svendsen Clive N. , Fraenkel Ernest
Published: May 2016

In recent years, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) has become a fundamental tool of epigenomic research. However, it is difficult to perform this technique on frozen samples because freezing cells before extracting nuclei can impair nuclear integrity and alter chromatin structure, especially in fragile cells such as neurons. Our aim was to develop a protocol for freezing neuronal cells that is compatible with ATAC-Seq; we focused on a disease-relevant cell type, namely motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMNs) from a patient affected by spinal muscular atrophy. We found that while flash-frozen iMNs are not suitable for ATAC-Seq, the assay is successful with slow-cooled cryopreserved cells. Using this method, we were able to isolate high quality, intact nuclei, and we verified that epigenetic results from fresh and cryopreserved iMNs quantitatively agree.
Proteomic analyses bring new insights into the effect of a dark stress on lipid biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Bai Xiaocui , Song Hao , Lavoie Michel , Zhu Kun , Su Yiyuan , Ye Hanqi , Chen Si , Fu Zhengwei , Qian Haifeng
Published: May 2016

Microalgae biosynthesize high amount of lipids and show high potential for renewable biodiesel production. However, the production cost of microalgae-derived biodiesel hampers large-scale biodiesel commercialization and new strategies for increasing lipid production efficiency from algae are urgently needed. Here we submitted the marine algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum to a 4-day dark stress, a condition increasing by 2.3-fold the total lipid cell quotas, and studied the cellular mechanisms leading to lipid accumulation using a combination of physiological, proteomic (iTRAQ) and genomic (qRT-PCR) approaches. Our results show that the expression of proteins in the biochemical pathways of glycolysis and the synthesis of fatty acids were induced in the dark, potentially using excess carbon and nitrogen produced from protein breakdown. Treatment of algae in the dark, which increased algal lipid cell quotas at low cost, combined with optimal growth treatment could help optimizing biodiesel production.
Zeeman-Field-Tuned Topological Phase Transitions in a Two-Dimensional Class-DIII Superconductor
Authors: Deng W. Y. , Geng H. , Luo W. , Sheng L. , Xing D. Y.
Published: May 2016

We investigate the topological phase transitions in a two-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological superconductor in the presence of a Zeeman field. Based on the spin Chern number theory, we find that the system exhibits a number of topologically distinct phases with changing the out-of-plane component of the Zeeman field, including a quantum spin Hall-like phase, quantum anomalous Hall-like phases with total Chern number C = −2, −1, 1 and 2 and a topologically trivial superconductor phase. The BdG band gap closes at each boundary of the phase transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the zero bias conductance provides clear transport signatures of the different topological phases, which are robust against symmetry-breaking perturbations.
Curcumin Exerts its Anti-hypertensive Effect by Down-regulating the AT1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Yao Yonggang , Wang Wei , Li Meixiang , Ren Hongmei , Chen Caiyu , Wang Jialiang , Wang Wei Eric , Yang Jian , Zeng Chunyu
Published: May 2016

Curcumin exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, its mechanisms are unknown. We propose that curcumin prevents the development of hypertension by regulating AT1 receptor (AT1R) expression in arteries. The present study examined how curcumin regulates AT1R expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and investigated the physiological significance of this regulation in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension. The results showed that curcumin decreased AT1R expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in vascular smooth muscle cells. Using luciferase reporters with an entire AT1 or a mutant AT1R in A10 cells, the AT1R promoter activity was inhibited by 10−6M curcumin, and the proximal element (from −61 to +25 bp) of the AT1R promoter was crucial for curcumin-induced AT1R down-regulation. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that curcumin decreased specificity protein 1 (SP1) binding with the AT1R promoter in A10 cells. Curcumin treatment reduced Ang II-induced hypertension in C57Bl/6J mice, which was accompanied by lower AT1R expression in the arteries and decreased Ang II-mediated vasoconstriction in the mesenteric artery. These findings indicate that curcumin down-regulates AT1R expression in A10 cells by affecting SP1/AT1R DNA binding, thus reducing AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction and subsequently prevents the development of hypertension in an Ang II-induced hypertensive model.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “A photoelectron spectroscopy study of lava stones”’ by M. Zappia and A. Nicoletti, Anal. Methods, 2016, 8, DOI: 10.1039/c3ay41326h
Authors: Gulino Antonino
Published: May 2016

The high concentration of manganese of around 2.6 mg L−1 in the groundwater around the Etna volcano is due to the MnOOH species on the surface of lapilli: can this cause health problems?
A solvothermal method for synthesizing monolayer protected amorphous calcium carbonate clusters
Authors: Sun Shengtong , Gebauer Denis , Cölfen Helmut
Published: May 2016

A solvothermal method is developed to synthesize organic monolayer protected amorphous calcium carbonate clusters.
Molecular dynamics of anhydrous glycolipid self-assembly in lamellar and hexagonal phases
Authors: Velayutham T. S. , Nguan H. S. , Ng B. K. , Gan W. C. , Manickam Achari V. , Zahid N. I. , Abd. Majid W. H. , Zannoni C. , Hashim R.
Published: May 2016

The molecular dynamics of a synthetic branched chain glycolipid, 2-decyl-tetradecyl-β-d-maltoside (C14-10G2), in smectic and columnar liquid crystal phases.
From dilute isovalent substitution to alloying in CdSeTe nanoplatelets
Authors: Tenne Ron , Pedetti Silvia , Kazes Miri , Ithurria Sandrine , Houben Lothar , Nadal Brice , Oron Dan , Dubertret Benoit
Published: May 2016

Synthesis and spectroscopy of CdSexTe(1−x) nanoplatelets going from the alloyed regime to dilute doping.
Oxygen diffusion in ThO2–CeO2 and ThO2–UO2 solid solutions from atomistic calculations
Authors: Aidhy Dilpuneet S.
Published: May 2016

We elucidate oxygen diffusivity in ThO2–CeO2 and ThO2–UO2 solid solutions across their whole concentration ranges in the phase diagram using static pair-potential calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.
Observation of the wrapping mechanism in amine carbon dioxide molecular interactions on heterogeneous sorbents
Authors: Thirion D. , Rozyyev V. , Park J. , Byun J. , Jung Y. , Atilhan M. , Yavuz C. T.
Published: May 2016

CO2 binds multiple amines if nearby, leading to higher heats of adsorption, a previously unknown observation.
Two-dimensional stanane: strain-tunable electronic structure, high carrier mobility, and pronounced light absorption
Authors: Liu Xiuhong , Wang Yu , Li Feng , Li Yafei
Published: May 2016

By means of state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) computations, we systematically studied the structural, electronic, and optical properties of a novel two dimensional material, namely stanane (SnH).
The formation of right-handed and left-handed chiral nanopores within a single domain during amino acid self-assembly on Au(111)
Authors: Yang Sena , Jeon Aram , Driver Russell W. , Kim Yeonwoo , Jeon Eun Hee , Kim Sehun , Lee Hee-Seung , Lee Hangil
Published: May 2016

We report the formation of both right- and left-handed chiral nanopores within a single domain during the self-assembly of an amino acid derivative on an inert Au(111) surface using STM.
Controlling electronic effects and intermolecular packing in contorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs): towards high mobility field effect transistors
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kalishankar , Mukhopadhyay Titas Kumar , Datta Ayan
Published: May 2016

Classical MD simulations followed by DFT calculations for computationally screened contorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons reveal encouraging OFET potential.
Gold carbenes, gold-stabilized carbocations, and cationic intermediates relevant to gold-catalysed enyne cycloaddition
Authors: Harris R. J. , Widenhoefer R. A.
Published: May 2016

This review highlights recent advances made in the synthesis of cationic gold carbene complexes and in the direct detection of cationic intermediates generated via gold-catalysed enyne cycloaddition.
Effect of sulfur vacancies on the nitrogen photofixation performance of ternary metal sulfide photocatalysts
Authors: Hu Shaozheng , Chen Xin , Li Qiang , Zhao Yanfeng , Mao Wei
Published: May 2016

The NH4+ generation rate over the as-prepared ternary metal sulfide catalysts is linearly related to the sulfur vacancy concentration, confirming that the photocatalytic reduction capacity of N2 over ternary metal sulfides is highly dependent on the amount of sulfur vacancies.
New crystalline complex metal oxides created by unit-synthesis and their catalysis based on porous and redox properties
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Ishikawa Satoshi , Tsuboi Yuta , Sadakane Masahiro , Murayama Toru , Ueda Wataru
Published: May 2016

The development of new complex metal oxides having structural complexity suitable for solid-state catalysis is of great importance in fundamental catalysis research and practical applications. However, examples of these materials are rare. Herein, we report two types of crystalline complex metal oxides with new structures and their catalytic properties. The first one is an all-inorganic ε-Keggin polyoxometalate-based material with intrinsic microporosity. The framework of the material is formed by the assembly of ε-Keggin polyoxomolybdate units with metal ion linkers in a diamondoid topology. The micropores of the material can be opened without change of the structures, and the material adsorbs small molecules. This material has both redox properties and acidity and can be applied to O2 adsorption, selective oxidation of methacrolein, and hydrolysis of cellobiose. The other material is a crystalline metal oxide based on molecular nanowires. The hexagonal POM units stack along the c axis to form prismatic clusters as molecular wires. The molecular wires further assemble in a hexagonal fashion to form the crystals, and NH4+ and water are present in between the molecular wires. The material is active as an acid catalyst for cellobiose conversion.
Imaging electrocatalytic processes on single gold nanorods
Authors: Jing Chao , Gu Zhen , Long Yi-Tao
Published: May 2016

Imaging electrochemical processes has attracted increasing attention in past decades. Particularly, monitoring electrochemical reactions rapidly at the nano-scale is still a challenge due to the ultra-low current detection and long scanning time required. The development of optical techniques provide a new way to demonstrate electrochemical processes through optical signals which enhance sensitivity and spatial resolution. Herein, we developed a novel method to image electrocatalytic processes on single gold nanorods (GNRs) during Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) scanning based on plasmon resonance scattering information by using dark-field microscopy. The electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide was selected as a typical reaction and the catalytic mechanism was revealed using the obtained spectra. Notably, observation on single GNRs avoided the averaging effects in bulk systems and confirmed that the individual nanoparticles had variable catalytic properties with different spectral change during the reaction process. Furthermore, a color-amplified system was introduced to convert light intensity into imaging information via the Matlab program which was able to image thousands of nanoparticles simultaneously. This approach offered the statistical intensity distribution of all of the nanoparticles in a dark-field image which dramatically enhanced the detection accuracy and avoided random events.
Isolation and characterization of new lignin streams derived from extractive-ammonia (EA) pretreatment
Authors: da Costa Sousa Leonardo , Foston Marcus , Bokade Vijay , Azarpira Ali , Lu Fachuang , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Ralph John , Dale Bruce , Balan Venkatesh
Published: May 2016

One of the key challenges facing lignin conversion to fuels and chemicals is related to the level of carbohydrate and ash impurities found in extracted lignin.
A calibration strategy for LA-ICP-MS using isotope dilution for solid reference materials
Authors: Thieleke J. P. , Vogt C.
Published: May 2016

An isotope dilution method for the quantitative analysis of trace elements in biological samples and for the characterization of reference materials for the analysis of biological samples by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-ID-MS) has been tested.
Digital microfluidics with a magnetically actuated floating liquid marble
Authors: Khaw Mei Kum , Ooi Chin Hong , Mohd-Yasin Faisal , Vadivelu Raja , John James St , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: May 2016

We report a digital microfluidics platform based on floating liquid marbles.
Polarized emission from CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Wang Dan , Wu Dan , Dong Di , Chen Wei , Hao Junjie , Qin Jing , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Sun Xiaowei
Published: May 2016

The polarization property of CsPbX3 perovskites have been observed and studied systematically in this paper.
A donor–acceptor triptycene–coumarin hybrid dye featuring a charge separated excited state and AIE properties
Authors: Qian Rui , Tong Hongjuan , Huang Cui , Li Junhao , Tang Yun , Wang Rui , Lou Kaiyan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2016

Triptycene–coumarin hybrid dye: the triptycene scaffold facilitates donor–acceptor interactions in DCT-1 through homoconjugation, resulting in a charge separated excited state and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties not seen in DC.
Synthesis and investigation of a novel luminous hydrogel
Authors: Fan Dongfeng , Fei Xu , Tian Jing , Zhi Hui , Xu Longquan , Wang Xiuying , Wang Yi
Published: May 2016

An Eu-containing luminous hydrogel was synthesized by free radical copolymerization and ester hydrolysis. The hydrogel exhibits strong red fluorescence, excellent thermal stability and superhydrophilicity.
An asymmetric binuclear zinc(ii) complex with mixed iminodiacetate and phenanthroline ligands: synthesis, characterization, structural conversion and anticancer properties
Authors: Ni Lubin , Wang Juan , Liu Chang , Fan Jinhong , Sun Yun , Zhou Zhaohui , Diao Guowang
Published: May 2016

A water-soluble asymmetric binuclear zinc(ii) complex with mixed iminodiacetate and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands exhibited promising anticancer activity and low toxicity, suggesting potential as a chemotherapeutic agent.
Novel A–(π–D–π–A)1–3 branched fluorophores displaying high two-photon absorption
Authors: Cai Zhi-Bin , Shen Hai-Min , Zhou Mao , Li Sheng-Li , Tian Yu-Peng
Published: May 2016

Novel A–(π–D–π–A)3 compounds bearing pyridine end groups are apparently effective in achieving large two-photon responses owing to strong charge transfer.
Development of functionalized quantum dot modified poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Malik Rajender Singh , Soni Udit , Singh Chauhan Sampat , Verma Pawan , Choudhary Veena
Published: May 2016

Superior thermally, hydrolytically and mechanically stable heat treated functionalized quantum dot modified PVA membranes with enhanced proton conductivity are reported.
Controllable synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes and their application in NO oxidation
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhong Lei , Zhong Qin , Cai Wei
Published: May 2016

This study describes the synthesis of ceria catalysts with octahedron and nanosphere shapes via a facile and surfactant-free hydrothermal method. The morphology of the products could be controlled by adjusting the proportions of the solvent.
Self-assembly properties of a temperature- and salt-tolerant amphoteric hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide
Authors: Quan Hongping , Li Zhuoke , Huang Zhiyu
Published: May 2016

We prepared amphoteric hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides (AHAPAM) whose apparent viscosity of 0.5 wt% polymer solution can maintain 92 mPa s at 140 °C and 170 s−1 shearing for 1 h.
The electrochemical sensor based on electrochemical oxidation of nitrite on metalloporphyrin–graphene modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Li C. , Guo B. , Guo X. M. , Wang F.
Published: May 2016

In this study, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin]Mn(iii) (MnNH2TPP) and graphene oxide (GO) composite materials (GO–MnNH2TPP) were successfully used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GC) by the drop casting method.
Orange-red- and white-emitting diodes fabricated by vacuum evaporation deposition of sublimable cationic iridium complexes
Authors: Ma Dongxin , Duan Lian , Qiu Yong
Published: May 2016

OLEDs are fabricated by vacuum evaporation deposition of novel sublimable cationic iridium complexes, achieving efficient orange-red and white emission.
Dinuclear platinum complexes containing aryl-isoquinoline and oxadiazole-thiol with an efficiency of over 8.8%: in-depth investigation of the relationship between their molecular structure and near-infrared electroluminescent properties in PLEDs
Authors: Xiong Wenjing , Meng Fanyuan , Tan Hua , Wang Yafei , Wang Pu , Zhang Youming , Tao Qiang , Su Shijian , Zhu Weiguo
Published: May 2016

Two novel dinuclear platinum complexes of (2niq)2Pt2(μ-C8PhOXT)2 and (piq)2Pt2(μ-PhOXT)2 were synthesized and characterized.
Silicon nanocrystals for the development of sensing platforms
Authors: Gonzalez Christina M. , Veinot Jonathan G. C.
Published: May 2016

In this mini review, we describe the significant advancements and future prospects of silicon nanocrystal based sensors.
Distributed power control with soft removal for uplink energy harvesting wireless network
Authors: Guo Ao , Yin Huarui , Chen Li , Wang Weidong
Published: May 2016

For an energy harvesting wireless network (EHWN), power oscillation will occur in uplink signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio‐based power control if some energy‐non‐supported nodes exist. Power oscillation will destroy power control algorithm's convergence and influence the system's stabilisation no matter the EHWN is feasible or infeasible. Unfortunately, existing algorithms cannot avoid the power oscillation. Therefore, the authors propose a new distributed algorithm which contains a soft removal mechanism to solve this problem in this study. Some energy harvesting nodes should be removed softly both in terms of their energy state information and channel state information. The convergence of the authors’ proposed algorithm can be guaranteed and power oscillation can be avoided in both feasible and infeasible EHWN. Simulation results verify their analysis and show that their algorithm brings less outage ratio than other algorithms.
Emerging Issues in Diagnosis, Biology, and Inhibitor Risk in Mild Hemophilia A
Authors: Castaman Giancarlo , Eckhardt Corien , van Velzen Alice , Linari Silvia , Fijnvandraat Karin
Published: May 2016

Mild hemophilia A (MHA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder defined by factor VIII (FVIII) levels between 5 and 40 U/dL. Diagnosis occurs later in life compared with severe or moderate disease. Although bleeding episodes are especially posttraumatic, their unexpected occurrence may be potentially life threatening if diagnosis is missed or delayed. Desmopressin is the treatment of choice for MHA since it is cheap and safe, but a significant proportion of cases do not attain FVIII postinfusion greater than 50 U/dL, which is considered a safe level for major surgery. Thus, replacement therapy may be needed and is usually successful in MHA, but recent data indicate that this can be associated with the occurrence of inhibitors against FVIII, as for severe hemophilia A. However, in contrast to severe or moderate hemophilia A, patients with MHA have a lifelong risk of inhibitor formation. Inhibitors may change the clinical phenotype dramatically, as the inhibitor frequently cross-reacts with the patient's endogenous FVIII, reducing the endogenous FVIII plasma levels below 1 U/dL. Specific F8 missense mutations predispose to inhibitor development. Inhibitors are frequently provoked by intensive treatment with therapeutic FVIII concentrates (more than 5 consecutive exposure days). Bleeding in inhibitor patients may be treated with desmopressin, high doses of FVIII concentrate or FVIII bypassing agents. Many inhibitors disappear over time when no FVIII concentrate is administered. However, this does not imply that a patient is tolerant and an anamnestic reaction may occur when treatment with FVIII concentrate is again necessary. To eradicate, an inhibitor different strategies may be used: watchful waiting, immunosuppression, or immune tolerance induction regimen.
Innovative Pharmacological Therapies for the Hemophilias Not Based on Deficient Factor Replacement
Authors: Mannucci Pier , Mancuso Maria , Santagostino Elena , Franchini Massimo
Published: May 2016

In recent years, advances in the pharmacological treatment of hemophilias A and B have mainly focused on the development of long-acting factor (F)VIII and FIX products. Alternative approaches not based on the replacement of the missing factor have also been explored, with the aim of producing therapeutic agents with reduced immunogenicity and yet equally effective in patients with or without inhibitors. These new classes of hemostatic agents act mainly by bypassing the need of FVIII and FIX in tenase formation, quenching anticoagulant pathways, enhancing the activity of some coagulation factors or stabilizing the fibrin clot. Current knowledge on the status of development of these novel molecules is summarized in this narrative review. We also surmise that the main interests for these products not based on the replacement of FVIII or FIX in deficient patients pertain to the potential for bleeding prevention in inhibitor patients, an earlier and easier prophylaxis implementation thanks to subcutaneous administration and prolonged half-life, and a low immunogenicity with the potential for prevention of inhibitor development in high-risk patients.
Type 2M and Type 2A von Willebrand Disease: Similar but Different
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel , Pasalic Leonardo , Curnow Jennifer
Published: May 2016

Analogous to the differentiation between hemophilia A and B, respectively, reflecting deficiency in factor VIII (FVIII) and FIX, and increasing being recognized as reflecting clinically different disorders, types 2A and 2M von Willebrand disease (VWD) can also be shown to express both similarities and differences in their prevalence, genetic defects, laboratory test results, clinical features, and treatment responses. In this narrative review, we explore these two “subtypes” of type 2 VWD, identifying parallels and dissimilarities in various aspects of their presentation to clinicians and to scientists/laboratories. This differential will become increasingly important as we strive to provide personalized approaches to future management of patients with VWD, particularly in the emerging landscape of recombinant von Willebrand factor.
The Value of Circulating Biomarkers in Bicuspid Aortic Valve-Associated Aortopathy
Authors: Naito Shiho , Hillebrand Mathias , Bernhardt Alexander , Jagodzinski Annika , Conradi Lenard , Detter Christian , Sydow Karsten , Reichenspurner Hermann , Kodolitsch Yskert , Girdauskas Evaldas
Published: May 2016

Traditional risk stratification model of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortopathy is based on measurement of maximal cross-sectional aortic diameter, definition of proximal aortic shape, and aortic stiffness/elasticity parameters. However, conventional imaging-based criteria are unable to provide reliable information regarding the risk stratification in BAV aortopathy, especially considering the heterogeneous nature of BAV disease. Given those limitations of conventional imaging, there is a growing clinical interest to use circulating biomarkers in the screening process for thoracic aortic aneurysms as well as in the risk-assessment algorithms. We aimed to systematically review currently available biomarkers, which may be of value to predict the natural evolution of aortopathy in individuals with BAV.
Sub- and super-Maxwellian evaporation of simple gases from liquid water
Authors: Kann Z. R. , Skinner J. L.
Published: May 2016

Non-Maxwellian evaporation of light atoms and molecules (particles) such as He and H2 from liquids has been observed experimentally. In this work, we use simulations to study systematically the evaporation of Lennard-Jones particles from liquid water. We find instances of sub- and super-Maxwellian evaporation, depending on the mass of the particle and the particle-water interaction strength. The observed trends are in qualitative agreement with experiment. We interpret these trends in terms of the potential of mean force and the effectiveness and frequency of collisions during the evaporation process. The angular distribution of evaporating particles is also analyzed, and it is shown that trends in the energy from velocity components tangential and normal to the liquid surface must be understood separately in order to interpret properly the angular distributions.
The nature of carrier localisation in polar and nonpolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Dawson P. , Schulz S. , Oliver R. A. , Kappers M. J. , Humphreys C. J.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we compare and contrast the experimental data and the theoretical predictions of the low temperature optical properties of polar and nonpolar InGaN/GaN quantum well structures. In both types of structure, the optical properties at low temperatures are governed by the effects of carrier localisation. In polar structures, the effect of the in-built electric field leads to electrons being mainly localised at well width fluctuations, whereas holes are localised at regions within the quantum wells, where the random In distribution leads to local minima in potential energy. This leads to a system of independently localised electrons and holes. In nonpolar quantum wells, the nature of the hole localisation is essentially the same as the polar case but the electrons are now coulombically bound to the holes forming localised excitons. These localisation mechanisms are compatible with the large photoluminescence linewidths of the polar and nonpolar quantum wells as well as the different time scales and form of the radiative recombination decay curves.
Understanding and control of bipolar self-doping in copper nitride
Authors: Fioretti Angela N. , Schwartz Craig P. , Vinson John , Nordlund Dennis , Prendergast David , Tamboli Adele C. , Caskey Christopher M. , Tuomisto Filip , Linez Florence , Christensen Steven T. , Toberer Eric S. , Lany Stephan , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: May 2016

Semiconductor materials that can be doped both n-type and p-type are desirable for diode-based applications and transistor technology. Copper nitride (Cu3N) is a metastable semiconductor with a solar-relevant bandgap that has been reported to exhibit bipolar doping behavior. However, deeper understanding and better control of the mechanism behind this behavior in Cu3N is currently lacking in the literature. In this work, we use combinatorial growth with a temperature gradient to demonstrate both conduction types of phase-pure, sputter-deposited Cu3N thin films. Room temperature Hall effect and Seebeck effect measurements show n-type Cu3N with 1017 electrons/cm3 for low growth temperature (≈35 °C) and p-type with 1015 holes/cm3–1016 holes/cm3 for elevated growth temperatures (50 °C–120 °C). Mobility for both types of Cu3N was ≈0.1 cm2/Vs–1 cm2/Vs. Additionally, temperature-dependent Hall effect measurements indicate that ionized defects are an important scattering mechanism in p-type films. By combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles defect theory, we determined that VCu defects form preferentially in p-type Cu3N, while Cui defects form preferentially in n-type Cu3N, suggesting that Cu3N is a compensated semiconductor with conductivity type resulting from a balance between donor and acceptor defects. Based on these theoretical and experimental results, we propose a kinetic defect formation mechanism for bipolar doping in Cu3N that is also supported by positron annihilation experiments. Overall, the results of this work highlight the importance of kinetic processes in the defect physics of metastable materials and provide a framework that can be applied when considering the properties of such materials in general.
Waveguide transition with vacuum window for multiband dynamic nuclear polarization systems
Authors: Rybalko Oleksandr , Bowen Sean , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Ardenkjær-Larsen Jan Henrik
Published: May 2016

A low loss waveguide transition section and oversized microwave vacuum window covering several frequency bands (94 GHz, 140 GHz, 188 GHz) is presented. The transition is compact and was optimized for multiband Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) systems in a full-wave simulator. The window is more broadband than commercially available windows, which are usually optimized for single band operation. It is demonstrated that high-density polyethylene with urethane adhesive can be used as a low loss microwave vacuum window in multiband DNP systems. The overall assembly performance and dimensions are found using full-wave simulations. The practical aspects of the window implementation in the waveguide are discussed. To verify the design and simulation results, the window is tested experimentally at the three frequencies of interest.
Classification of linearly compact simple Nambu-Poisson algebras
Authors: Cantarini Nicoletta , Kac Victor G.
Published: May 2016

We introduce the notion of a universal odd generalized Poisson superalgebra associated with an associative algebra A, by generalizing a construction made in the work of De Sole and Kac [Jpn. J. Math. 8, 1–145 (2013)]. By making use of this notion we give a complete classification of simple linearly compact (generalized) n-Nambu-Poisson algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
Quantitative measurement of electron number in nanosecond and picosecond laser-induced air breakdown
Authors: Wu Yue , Sawyer Jordan C. , Su Liu , Zhang Zhili
Published: May 2016

Here we present quantitative measurements of total electron numbers in laser-induced air breakdown at pressures ranging from atmospheric to 40 barg by 10 ns and 100 ps laser pulses. A quantifiable definition for the laser-induced breakdown threshold is identified by a sharp increase in the measurable total electron numbers via dielectric-calibrated coherent microwave scattering. For the 10 ns laser pulse, the threshold of laser-induced breakdown in atmospheric air is defined as the total electron number of ∼106. This breakdown threshold decreases with an increase of pressure and laser photon energy (shorter wavelength), which is consistent with the theory of initial multiphoton ionization and subsequent avalanche processes. For the 100 ps laser pulse cases, a clear threshold is not present and only marginal pressure effects can be observed, which is due to the short pulse duration leading to stronger multiphoton ionization and minimal collisional avalanche ionization.
Antiferroelectric polarization switching and dynamic scaling of energy storage: A Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Huang B. Y. , Lu Z. X. , Zhang Y. , Xie Y. L. , Zeng M. , Yan Z. B. , Liu J.-M.
Published: May 2016

The polarization-electric field hysteresis loops and the dynamics of polarization switching in a two-dimensional antiferroelectric (AFE) lattice submitted to a time-oscillating electric field E(t) of frequency f and amplitude E0, is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation based on the Landau–Devonshire phenomenological theory on antiferroelectrics. It is revealed that the AFE double-loop hysteresis area A, i.e., the energy loss in one cycle of polarization switching, exhibits the single-peak frequency dispersion A(f), suggesting the unique characteristic time for polarization switching, which is independent of E0 as long as E0 is larger than the quasi-static coercive field for the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transitions. However, the dependence of recoverable stored energy W on amplitude E0 seems to be complicated depending on temperature T and frequency f. A dynamic scaling behavior of the energy loss dispersion A(f) over a wide range of E0 is obtained, confirming the unique characteristic time for polarization switching of an AFE lattice. The present simulation may shed light on the dynamics of energy storage and release in AFE thin films.
Toward ultra high magnetic field sensitivity YBa2Cu3O7−δ nanowire based superconducting quantum interference devices
Authors: Arzeo M. , Arpaia R. , Baghdadi R. , Lombardi F. , Bauch T.
Published: May 2016

We report on measurements of YBa2Cu3O7−δ nanowire based Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (nanoSQUIDs) directly coupled to an in-plane pick-up loop. The pick-up loop, which is coupled predominantly via kinetic inductance to the SQUID loop, allows for a significant increase of the effective area of our devices. Its role is systematically investigated and the increase in the effective area is successfully compared with numerical simulations. Large effective areas, together with the ultra low white flux noise below 1 μΦ0/Hz, make our nanoSQUIDs very attractive as magnetic field sensors.
Ferromagnetic resonance of magnetostatically coupled shifted chains of nanoparticles in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Bastardis R. , Déjardin J.-L. , Vernay F. , Kachkachi H.
Published: May 2016

We investigate the ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of a magnetic dimer composed of two shifted parallel chains of iron nanoparticles coupled with dipolar interactions. The latter are treated beyond the point-dipole approximation, taking into account the finite size and arbitrary shape of the nano-elements and arbitrary separation. The resonance frequency is calculated as a function of the amplitude of the applied magnetic field, and the resonance field is computed as a function of the direction of the applied field, varied both in the plane of the two chains and perpendicular to it. We highlight a critical value of the magnetic field which marks a state transition that should be important in magnetic recording media.
Crystal orientation dependent intersubband transition in semipolar AlGaN/GaN single quantum well for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Fu Houqiang , Lu Zhijian , Huang Xuanqi , Chen Hong , Zhao Yuji
Published: May 2016

The optical properties of intersubband transition in a semipolar AlGaN/GaN single quantum well (SQW) are theoretically studied, and the results are compared with polar c-plane and nonpolar m-plane structures. The intersubband transition frequency, dipole matrix elements, and absorption spectra are calculated for SQW on different semipolar planes. It is found that SQW on a certain group of semipolar planes (55° < θ < 90° tilted from c-plane) exhibits low transition frequency and long wavelength response with high absorption quantum efficiency, which is attributed to the weak polarization-related effects. Furthermore, these semipolar SQWs show tunable transition frequency and absorption wavelength with different quantum well thicknesses, and stable device performance can be achieved with changing barrier thickness and Al compositions. All the results indicate that the semipolar AlGaN/GaN quantum wells are promising candidate for the design and fabrication of high performance low frequency and long wavelength optoelectronic devices.
Photoinduced surface voltage mapping study for large perovskite single crystals
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Liu Yucheng , Gao Fei , Yang Zhou , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: May 2016

Using a series of illumination sources, including white light (tungsten-halogen lamp), 445-nm, 532-nm, 635-nm, and 730-nm lasers, the surface photovoltage (SPV) images were mapped for centimeter-sized CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite single crystals using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The significant SPV signals were observed to be wavelength-dependent. We attribute the appreciable SPV to the built-in electric field in the space charge region. This study shines light into the understanding of photoinduced charge generation and separation processes at nanoscale to help advance the development of perovskite solar cells, optoelectronics, laser, photodetector, and light-emitting diode (LED).
Three-dimensional ionic conduction in the strained electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Han Yupei , Zou Minda , Lv Weiqiang , Mao Yiwu , Wang Wei , He Weidong
Published: May 2016

Flexible power sources including fuel cells and batteries are the key to realizing flexible electronic devices with pronounced foldability. To understand the bending effects in these devices, theoretical analysis on three-dimensional (3-D) lattice bending is necessary. In this report, we derive a 3-D analytical model to analyze the effects of electrolyte crystal bending on ionic conductivity in flexible solid-state batteries/fuel cells. By employing solid oxide fuel cells as a materials' platform, the intrinsic parameters of bent electrolyte materials, including lattice constant, Young's modulus, and Poisson ratio, are evaluated. Our work facilitates the rational design of highly efficient flexible electrolytes for high-performance flexible device applications.
Note: A novel dielectric barrier discharge system for generating stable patterns in wide range
Authors: Liu Weibo , Wang Yongjie , Zhang Hao , Pan Yuyang , Dong Lifang
Published: May 2016

We develop a novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system with a meshed water electrode to generate stable square superlattice patterns (MSSP) in Ar/air mixture in a wide range of experimental environments. Discharge scenarios with the applied voltage increasing in the meshed DBD and ordinary DBD are presented respectively under the same experimental conditions. It is found that a square pattern and MSSP can be obtained stably and easily in meshed DBD, while no pattern emerges in ordinary DBD. MSSP can be formed when the Ar content is from 0% to 70%, and the corresponding applied voltage decreases with Ar content increasing. Results based on optical methods show that MSSP is generated by artificially designed electrodes together with nonlinear characteristics of DBD, which may account for why patterns in meshed DBD exist in a wide range.
Modification of electronic properties of graphene by using low-energy K+ ions
Authors: Kim Jingul , Lee Paengro , Ryu Mintae , Park Heemin , Chung Jinwook
Published: May 2016

Despite its superb electronic properties, the semi-metallic nature of graphene with no band gap (Eg) at the Dirac point has been a stumbling block for its industrial application. We report an improved means of producing a tunable band gap over other schemes by doping low energy (10 eV) potassium ions (K+) on single layer graphene formed on 6H-SiC(0001) surface, where the noble Dirac nature of the π-band remains almost unaltered. The changes in the π-band induced by K+ ions reveal that the band gap increases gradually with increasing dose (θ) of the ions up to Eg = 0.65 eV at θ = 1.10 monolayers, demonstrating the tunable character of the band gap. Our core level data for C 1s, Si 2p, and K 2p suggest that the K+-induced asymmetry in charge distribution among carbon atoms drives the opening of band gap, which is in sharp contrast with no band gap when neutral K atoms are adsorbed on graphene. This tunable K+-induced band gap in graphene illustrates its potential application in graphene-based nano-electronics.
Influence of the charge trap density distribution in a gate insulator on the positive-bias stress instability of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Kim Eungtaek , Kim Choong-Ki , Lee Myung Keun , Bang Tewook , Choi Yang-Kyu , Park Sang-Hee Ko , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: May 2016

We investigated the positive-bias stress (PBS) instability of thin film transistors (TFTs) composed of different types of first-gate insulators, which serve as a protection layer of the active surface. Two different deposition methods, i.e., the thermal atomic layer deposition (THALD) and plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD) of Al2O3, were applied for the deposition of the first GI. When THALD was used to deposit the GI, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs showed superior stability characteristics under PBS. For example, the threshold voltage shift (ΔVth) was 0 V even after a PBS time (tstress) of 3000 s under a gate voltage (VG) condition of 5 V (with an electrical field of 1.25 MV/cm). On the other hand, when the first GI was deposited by PEALD, the ΔVth value of a-IGZO TFTs was 0.82 V after undergoing an identical amount of PBS. In order to interpret the disparate ΔVth values resulting from PBS quantitatively, the average oxide charge trap density (NT) in the GI and its spatial distribution were investigated through low-frequency noise characterizations. A higher NT resulted during in the PEALD type GI than in the THALD case. Specifically, the PEALD process on a-IGZO layer surface led to an increasing trend of NT near the GI/a-IGZO interface compared to bulk GI owing to oxygen plasma damage on the a-IGZO surface.