bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning for Knowledge Management
Authors: Shamel Cynthia
Published: January 2014

As data, information, and knowledge proliferate, professionals continue to grapple with the need to get their arms (or head) around it all. Needs analysis, information audits, and knowledge audits represent a range of processes intended to aid in understanding what an organization knows and how the workers can best access the knowledge. The chapter examines the knowledge assessment process with practical examples based on project experience. Drawing on case reports from the literature and studies undertaken by the author, the chapter addresses various methodologies, possible outcomes, typical challenges, and occasional pitfalls. The author’s experience sheds light on techniques and strategies leading to strategic recommendations and successful project results.
Anyone can use Models
Authors: Nolte Alexander , Prilla Michael
Published: January 2014

Models play an important role in modern organizations. They are used to coordinate the interplay of stakeholders, inform the design of software systems and are even used for controlling purposes. While these models affect multiple people within an organization their creation and usage is limited to a few experts. This is due to the common belief that non-expert modelers are not capable of performing modeling tasks or working with models without the help of experts. With this paper the authors argue that people are capable of interacting with models when they are given the right means to do so. The authors shed light onto the potential benefits of non-expert model interaction by conducting multiple case studies and describing suitable tool support for non-expert modelers.
Retailer Adoption of Mobile Payment
Authors: Petrova Krassie , Wang Bo
Published: January 2014

This qualitative study aimed to identify the motivating factors and the challenges related to the adoption of mobile payment (mPayment) by small business retailers. Data collected from semi-structured personal interviews with a small group of participants were analyzed applying a content analysis approach. The findings indicate that retailer demand for mPayment was motivated mainly by perceived customer expectations for a convenient (faster) way to pay using the ubiquitous mobile technology, as well as by the perceived efficiency of mPayment leading to revenue increase. Challenges to mPayment adoption included, among others, the need to compete with already established point-of-sale payment technologies and the lack of information about mPayment leading to uncertainty about its comparative advantages. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing and exploring a merchant oriented mPayment adoption model. The factors identified as adoption drivers and challenges provide an insight into New Zealand retailer perspectives on mPayment, and the grounds for recommendations to mPayment service providers.
An Exploratory, Population-Based, Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation of User Satisfaction of Services Provided by a Regional Extension Center (REC)
Authors: Rutala M. , Ihde C. , Bills A. , Mollon L. , Warholak T. , Tang D.
Published: January 2014

Objectives: To evaluate user satisfaction among practices receiving services provided by the Arizona Regional Extension Center (REC).

Methods: This program evaluation utilized a mixed-methods approach including: 1) a mail-based survey targeting all 489 REC member practices; and 2) a series of telephone-based focus groups using a convenience sample of rural and urban REC member practices. Targeted respondents were key contacts who handle interactions with the REC at each practice. Program evaluators at the University of Arizona and experts at Arizona Health-e Connection (AzHeC) created the questionnaires, focus group script, participant invitation and follow up documents via a collaborative process. Regression and Rasch analyses were used to identify key factors associated with satisfaction with REC and to assess questionnaire validity, respectively.

Results: Responses from both the focus groups and survey revealed that most of the respondents were satisfied with the current services, despite the presence of satisfaction gaps between practices of various characteristics: respondents that were clinicians, practices using web-based electronic health record systems (EHRs), and practices that had achieved Stage 1 Meaningful Use had a higher level of satisfaction compared with their respective counterparts. Focus group participants provided suggestions for improving REC services.

Conclusions: Most respondents reported being satisfied with REC services. Specialized representatives may be needed for practices at different stages of Meaningful Use to further improve REC satisfaction in order to facilitate more efficient adoption of EHRs.

Citation: Tang D, Rutala M, Ihde C, Bills A, Mollon L, Warholak T. An exploratory, population-based, mixedmethods program evaluation of user satisfaction of services provided by a regional extension center (REC). Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 1–24 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-06-RA-0037
Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Preterm Birth Rate: Meta-analysis
Authors: Alobaid Adel S
Published: January 2014

Introduction

During pregnancy, the prevalence and severity of gingivitis have been reported to be elevated. Studies suggest that periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), as well as low birth weight (LBW) and pre-eclampsia. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine whether the treatment of periodontal disease by mechanical debridement and oral hygiene instructions during pregnancy will reduce the incidence of PTB < 37 weeks.

Materials and methods

Literature search was conducted for all clinical trials that related to periodontal disease and PTB from 2005 to 2012. Five were selected based no randomization technique, sample size and treatment approach. There were 2,767 patients randomly assigned to treatment group, in these trials, and 2,592 subjects randomly assigned to control group.

Results

There were 276 (9.98%) PTBs in treatment group vs 270 (10.42%) in control group. A total of 216 (8%) LBW were seen in experimental groups and 193 (7.5%) in control group. Our results showed no significant difference in the incidence of PTB with or without received periodontal treatment during pregnancy. Risk ratio (RR) was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.74-1.33) (p = 0.97) with moderate heterogeneity 12.33. df = 4 (p = 0.02) with I2= 68%. Experimental groups showed better periodontal health after delivery.

Conclusion

Periodontal treatment may improve the oral health during pregnancy without affecting the pregnancy outcome however; it did not reduce the incidence of PTB and LBW. Larger meta-analysis with less heterogeneity is needed.

How to cite this article

Alobaid AS. Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Preterm Birth Rate: Meta-analysis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):256-261.
Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Nasution Abdillah Imron
Published: January 2014

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus causing various forms of candidiasis. However, under certain circumstances it is capable of becoming pathogenic. Pathogenicity of oral candidiasis is a complex process and there is no one factor that can be regarded as the direct cause. This review aims to explain the virulence factors of Candida albicans in oral candidiasis infection and its relation to homeostasis in the mouth. Virulence factors of Candida albicans which is closely related to the nature of pathogens include: adherence and coaggregation, interference of immune system, phenotype switching and several supporting factors such as antibiotic resistance and immunomodulating.

How to cite this article

Nasution AI. Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):267-271.
Chinese Food Security and Climate Change: Agriculture Futures
Authors: Ye Liming , Tang Huajun , Wu Wenbin , Yang Peng , Nelson Gerald C. , Mason-D’Croz Daniel , Palazzo Amanda
Published: January 2014

Climate change is now affecting agriculture and food production in every country of the world. Here the authors present the IMPACT model results on yield, production, and net trade of major crops in China, and on daily calorie availability as an overall indicator of food security under climate change scenarios and socio-economic pathways in 2050. The obtained results show a relatively optimistic outlook on yield, production and trade toward 2050. The outcomes of calorie availability suggest that China will be able to maintain a level of at least 3,000 kilocalories per day through 2010 to 2050. Overall, Chinese agriculture is relatively resilient to climate change. It is unlikely that Chinese food security by 2050 will be compromised in the context of climate change. The major challenge to food security, however, will rise from increasing demand coupled with regional disparities in adaptive capacity to climate change.
Combined assimilation of IASI and MLS observations to constrain tropospheric and stratospheric ozone in a global chemical transport model
Authors: Emili E. , Barret B. , Massart S. , Le Flochmoen E. , Piacentini A. , El Amraoui L. , Pannekoucke O. , Cariolle D.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Accurate and temporally resolved fields of free-troposphere ozone are of major importance to quantify the intercontinental transport of pollution and the ozone radiative forcing. We consider a global chemical transport model (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Échelle, MOCAGE) in combination with a linear ozone chemistry scheme to examine the impact of assimilating observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The assimilation of the two instruments is performed by means of a variational algorithm (4D-VAR) and allows to constrain stratospheric and tropospheric ozone simultaneously. The analysis is first computed for the months of August and November 2008 and validated against ozonesonde measurements to verify the presence of observations and model biases. Furthermore, a longer analysis of 6 months (July–December 2008) showed that the combined assimilation of MLS and IASI is able to globally reduce the uncertainty (root mean square error, RMSE) of the modeled ozone columns from 30 to 15% in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS, 70–225 hPa). The assimilation of IASI tropospheric ozone observations (1000–225 hPa columns, TOC – tropospheric O3 column) decreases the RMSE of the model from 40 to 20% in the tropics (30° S–30° N), whereas it is not effective at higher latitudes. Results are confirmed by a comparison with additional ozone data sets like the Measurements of OZone and wAter vapour by aIrbus in-service airCraft (MOZAIC) data, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) total ozone columns and several high-altitude surface measurements. Finally, the analysis is found to be insensitive to the assimilation parameters. We conclude that the combination of a simplified ozone chemistry scheme with frequent satellite observations is a valuable tool for the long-term analysis of stratospheric and free-tropospheric ozone.
Reseña. Héctor Tobar, "The Barbarian Nurseries". New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
Authors: Wolf Sonja
Published: January 2014

Book review of Héctor Tobar's "The Barbarian Nurseries"
Focal Surgery in Testis Cancer: Current State of the Art
Authors: Palermo Giuseppe , Antonucci Michele , Recupero Salvatore Marco , Fiorillo Alessandro , Vittori Matteo , Bassi Pier Francesco , Gulino Gaetano
Published: January 2014

Radical orchiectomy is the standard treatment of testicular neoplasia causing androgen insufficiency, infertility and psychological stress. Focal surgery allows the preservation of fertility, endocrine function and integrity of the genital anatomy, with preservation of the image of the male body.

The EAU guidelines suggest focal surgery in case of synchronous bilateral tumours, metachronous contralateral tumours, tumour in solitary testis with normal pre-operative testosterone levels, when the tumour volume is less than 30% of the testicular volume.

There are two focal surgical techniques: tumorectomy and polar resection, followed by biopsies and frozen section of the resection bed. In case of benign tumours, the treatment is often curative. In case of malignancy, carcinoma in situ is frequently found in the surrounding tissues. Adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is performed with a fair success rate.

These adjuvant treatments reduce or delete the functional benefits achieved by conservative surgery. The evidence of the literature suggests that focal surgery is a valid option for all patients with testicular tumours that are not palpable and small sized, with the advantage of avoiding unnecessary radical orchiectomy in most of cases.

Therefore, the selection criteria for focal surgery are the mass size (less than 25 mm) and a safety distance of the tumor from the rete testis, in order to preserve testicular vascularization.

A close follow-up with ultrasound, testicular markers and radiological examinations is mandatory in case of germ cell neoplasia treated conservatively in patients with indications for conservative surgery.
Fatty Acid Composition of Backfat, Intermuscular, Kidney Pelvis and Heart Fat and Tail Fat of Angus Cross Steers Finished on Grass or High Grain Diets
Authors: Acetoze Gabriela , Rossow Heidi A.
Published: January 2014

Fatty acid profiles of backfat (BF), intermuscular fat (IMF), kidney pelvic heart (KPH) fat and tail fat (TF) depots from 15-mo old Angus cross steers finished on grass (GS; n = 18) were compared to those finished on a grain diet (GN ; n = 14) to examine how diet and fat depot impacts fatty acid composition. GS steers grazed an average of 10 months (mo) on ryegrass and white clover irrigated pasture and GN finished steers were a corn based finishing diet for 4 mo. Overall, fat from GS steers contained higher percentages of C6:0 (P = 0.008), C12:0 (P = 0.003), C14:0 (P = 0.001), C16:0 (P = 0.002), C18:3 (P = 0.008), C20:0 (P < 0.001), C18:1 trans9 (P = 0.004), C18:2 cis9 cis12 (P < 0.001) and C18:2 trans9 trans12 (P < 0.001) than GN steers. Fat from GN steers contained higher percentages of C18:0 (P < 0.001). For both GS and GN steers, C18:0 content was higher in the KPH and IMF compared to BF and TF (P = 0.015) depots and C18:1 cis9 content was lower in KPH compared to BF and TF depots (P < 0.001). Therefore, fatty acid composition differs due to diet and differs across depots. Manipulating diets and source of fat (depot) could be used as strategies to modify the fatty acid composition of meat products to increase health benefits to consumers.
Dissociation of C-Reactive Protein Levels from Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status and Antidepressant Response in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Dose-Ranging Trial
Authors: McNamara Robert K. , Perry Mary , Sears Barry
Published: January 2014

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acid deficits and indices of chronic sustained inflammation including elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The present study combined a case-control analysis and a prospective 10-week open-label fish oil (FO) supplementation trial to investigate the relationships among plasma phospholipid LCn-3 fatty acid levels, plasma CRP concentrations, and depressive symptoms in adolescent MDD patients. Compared with healthy controls (n=20), MDD patients (n=20) exhibited significantly lower EPA+DHA levels (-62%, pÂ£0.0001) and a higher ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to EPA+DHA (+78%, p=0.0002). CRP concentrations did not differ between controls and MDD patients (0.16 vs. 0.17 mg/dL, p=0.96), and were positively correlated with depression symptom severity scores in MDD patients (r = +0.55, p=0.01). CRP concentrations were positively correlated with BMI in MDD patients (r = +0.63, p=0.005) and controls (r = +0.69, p=0.002). Low-dose (2.4 g/d) and high-dose (15 g/d) FO supplementation significantly increased EPA+DHA levels in MDD patients, but did not significantly alter CRP concentrations. Baseline and baseline-endpoint change in CRP levels were not correlated with baseline-endpoint reductions in depression severity. Together, these data demonstrate that the lower plasma phospholipid LCn-3 fatty acid composition exhibited by adolescent MDD patients is not associated with higher CRP levels, and that increasing LCn-3 fatty acid status reduces depression symptom severity independent of changes in CRP concentrations. Collectively, these data suggest that CRP concentrations are dissociable from LCn-3 fatty acid status and antidepressant response in adolescent MDD patients.
Tracking the Saharan Air Layer with shipborne lidar across the tropical Atlantic
Authors: Kanitz T. , Engelmann R. , Heinold B. , Baars H. , Skupin A. , Ansmann A.
Published: January 2014

Saharan dust was observed with shipborne lidar from 60° to 20°W along 14.5°N during a 1‐month transatlantic cruise of the research vessel Meteor. About 4500 km off the coast of Africa, mean extinction and backscatter‐related Ångström exponent of 0.1, wavelength‐independent extinction‐to‐backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) of around 45 sr, and particle linear depolarization ratio of 20% were found for aged dust (transport time >10 days). In contrast, dust with a shorter atmospheric residence time of 2–3 days showed Ångström exponents of −0.5 (backscatter coefficient) and 0.1 (extinction coefficient), mean lidar ratios of 64 and 50 sr, and particle linear depolarization ratios of 22 and 26% at 355 and 532 nm wavelength, respectively. Traces of fire smoke were also detected in the observed dust layers. The lidar observations were complemented by Aerosol Robotic Network handheld Sun photometer measurements, which revealed a mean total atmospheric column aerosol optical thickness of 0.05 for pure marine conditions (in the absence of lofted aerosol layers) and roughly 0.9 during a strong Saharan dust outbreak. The achieved data set was compared with first Consortium for Small Scale Modeling‐Multi‐Scale Chemistry Aerosol Transport simulations. The simulated vertical aerosol distribution showed good agreement with the lidar observations.
Decadal shift of biogenic sinking particle flux in the western North Pacific subpolar region
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka W. , Shigemitsu Masahito , Ujiie Takashi , Minami Hideki
Published: January 2014

Time series of biogenic sinking particle flux in the western North Pacific subpolar region over two decades (1989–2008) revealed that the biogenic CaCO3 (CC) flux has shown a significant decreasing trend of 2.7% year−1 (annual average, −0.88 ± 0.13 mg m2 day−1 year−1) along with the decreasing particulate organic carbon (POC) flux of 0.7% year−1, while the biogenic opal (OP) flux had no long‐term trend. Comparing these results with the decreasing rate of satellite‐derived surface CC with −0.7% year−1, we concluded that three fourths of the decreasing trend of CC flux was derived from the strengthening of CaCO3 dissolution through seawater column due to the weakening of water ventilation and the rest was from the decline of CaCO3‐shelled species, indicating the enhancement of the efficiency in oceanic sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in the sea surface of this region due to the increase of OP/CC ratio.
Tandem Diels–Alder/Coupling Reaction Involving Two Arynes: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Dihydronaphtho‐Fused Oxindole
Authors: Su Shikuan , Wang Ning , Li Chunju , Song Boyi , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian
Published: January 2014

The reaction of arylidenoxindole and arynes formed in situ was investigated. Two arynes participated in the Diels–Alder cycloaddition and coupling reactions, thus providing quick and efficient access to structurally unusual dihydronaphtho‐fused oxindoles. The present strategy also demonstrates its excellent stereoselectivity and convenient experimental set‐up.
Die Cambridge Structural Database: Rückblick und Vorausschau
Authors: Groom Colin R. , Allen Frank H.
Published: January 2014

Das Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) wurde 1965 gegründet. Das Ziel war die Einrichtung einer Institution, die numerische, chemische und bibliographische Daten von organischen und metallorganischen Kristallstrukturen archiviert. In der Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) sind heute nahezu 700 000 Strukturen hinterlegt, und sie ist ein historisch lückenloses Archiv der niedermolekularen Kristallographie. Fast 40 000 Neueinträge werden jedes Jahr verzeichnet. Da die Röntgenkristallographie ihr einhundertstes Jubiläum feiert – und das CCDC bald sein fünfzigstes –, wollen wir in diesem Kurzaufsatz die Anfänge des CCDC als eine öffentlich geförderte Institution und seine weitere Entwicklung in eine gemeinnützige Einrichtung nachverfolgen. Wir beschreiben die Entwicklung der CSD und ihres Softwaresystems und betrachten ihre Auswirkungen auf die Forschung in der Strukturchemie, den Materialwissenschaften sowie der Biologie und Medizin. Außerdem diskutieren wir das Finanzierungsmodell des CCDC vor dem Hintergrund der Open‐Access‐ und Open‐Data‐Debatte.
Ein systematischer Vergleich peptidischer Proteasominhibitoren unterstreicht α‐Ketoamid als vielversprechende elektrophile Leitstruktur
Authors: Stein Martin L. , Cui Haissi , Beck Philipp , Dubiella Christian , Voss Constantin , Krüger Achim , Schmidt Boris , Groll Michael
Published: January 2014

Das Ubiquitin‐Proteasom‐System (UPS) wurde in akademischer wie pharmazeutischer Forschung erfolgreich für onkologische und immunologische Anwendungen adressiert. Typische Proteasominhibitoren basieren auf einem peptidischen Rückgrat, das mit einem elektrophilen C‐Terminus zur Bindung an die aktiven proteolytischen Zentren gekuppelt ist. Obwohl der peptidische Anteil viel Interesse bezüglich der Untereinheitenselektivität hervorgerufen hat, wird die Wirkspezifität und biologische Stabilität der Substanzen entscheidend durch die reaktiven Kopfgruppen geprägt. In dieser Studie wurde daher eine systematische Untersuchung mit In‐vitro‐, In‐vivo‐ und strukturbiologischen Methoden durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Funktionalitäten und chemischer Reaktivitäten aufzudecken. Dies ermöglichte die Einführung und Charakterisierung der Klasse der α‐Ketoamide als potenteste reversible Inhibitoren mit möglichen Anwendungen für die Behandlung von soliden Tumoren und Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Viscoelastic properties and extrusion processability of poly(vinyl butyral)
Authors: Arayachukiat Sunatda , Siriprumpoonthum Monchai , Nobukawa Shogo , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: January 2014

Rheological properties and flow instability at capillary extrusion of a random terpolymer composed of vinyl butyral, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate, that is denoted as PVB in this article, are studied. It is found that the rubbery plateau modulus
is 1.3 MPa at 100°C from the oscillatory shear modulus. Furthermore, the average molecular weight between entanglement couplings Me is found to be 2670. Because of the relatively high value of
, it shows rubbery region in the wide temperature range (90°C–180°C). At the capillary extrusion, the surface instability (shark‐skin failure) appears prior to volumetric melt fracture. The onset stress of the shark‐skin failure, ca. 0.18 MPa, is similar to that of polyethylene, although PVB used in this study has narrow molecular weight distribution. Moreover, the apparent slippage is not detected, presumably due to good adhesion to the die wall. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40337.
Increased Th17 Cell Frequency and Poor Clinical Outcome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated With a Genetic Variant in the IL4R Gene, rs1805010
Authors: Leipe Jan , Schramm Markus A. , Prots Iryna , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Skapenko Alla
Published: January 2014

Objective

The minor allele of the IL4R gene single‐nucleotide polymorphism, rs1805010, confers impaired interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) signaling and has been associated with an aggressive destructive course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL‐4 inhibits the development of Th17 cells, a cell population recently identified as being prominent in RA patients and being associated with cartilage and bone destruction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether rs1805010 modulates Th17 cell development and, hence, subsequent clinical outcome in RA.

Methods

A total of 90 patients with early, active RA (mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 4.6 ± 1.1) and 39 control subjects (24 healthy subjects and 15 patients with osteoarthritis [OA]) were genotyped. Serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 as well as frequencies of Th17 cells were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and evaluated at baseline and 1 year after disease onset.

Results

Twenty‐six percent of the RA patients were homozygous for the major allele of rs1805010, 60% were heterozygous, and 14% were homozygous for the minor allele. The RA patients who were homozygous for the minor allele demonstrated significantly higher clinical activity associated with the presence of erosions after 1 year of followup as compared to the other RA patients. The inhibitory effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development in these patients was significantly less prominent. Accordingly, the frequencies of Th17 cells and serum levels of IL‐17 and IL‐22 were significantly increased.

Conclusion

The data indicate that the rs1805010 minor allele contributes to increased Th17 cell frequency, enhanced clinical activity, and accelerated radiographic progression in RA by rendering CD4 T cells from RA patients insensitive to the attenuating effect of IL‐4 on Th17 cell development.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen für innovative erdbebensichere Konstruktionen im Holzbau
Authors: Vogt Tobias , Hummel Johannes , Schick Michael , Seim Werner
Published: January 2014

Dieser Fachaufsatz berichtet über die Ergebnisse umfangreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen an 20 Holzrahmenwänden und 15 Brettsperrholzwänden, bei denen praxisrelevante Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der Erdbebenbemessung im Mittelpunkt standen. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Frage gelegt, welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche Auflagerdetails und Verankerungen auf die Verformungsfähigkeit und die Energiedissipation haben. Circa 90 kleinformatige Versuche an Verbindungsmitteleinheiten und Verankerungsdetails bildeten die Basis für Optimierungen, die bei den anschließenden Wandversuchen bereits erfolgreich getestet werden konnten. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis aus den experimentellen Untersuchungen ist, dass bei seitlicher Verankerung im Holzrahmenbau Querzugverstärkungen im Bereich der Zugverankerung notwendig werden können, um das duktile Verhalten der Wandelemente zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Verankerung auf der Beplankung keine Nachteile bringt. Die Beplankung mit Gipsfaserplatten führt in den Untersuchungen zu ähnlichen Werten in der Tragfähigkeit, der Duktilität und der Energiedissipation wie die Beplankung mit OSB‐Platten. Außerdem konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass auf den ersten Blick nachrangige Details wie die Anordnung von Elastomer‐Zwischenschichten zwischen Wand und Decke (aus Schallschutzgründen) einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Duktilität und die hysteretische Dämpfung von Wandelementen aus Brettsperrholz haben.

Experimental tests for innovative and earthquake‐resistant timber‐constructions

This paper presents the results from test series on 20 timber‐framed and 15 cross laminated timber (CLT) wall elements, which focus on practical aspects in connection with the design for earthquake resistance. The main objective was to learn about the influence of different types of anchoring and support conditions on displacement capacity (ductility) and energy dissipation. About 90 tests on connection and anchoring units aimed on optimization of construction details. These test results had already been used for the design of full scale tests. One important test result is, that failure due to shear‐tension interaction has to be prevented by reinforcement in the connection area of the hold down to ensure the ductile behavior of the wall elements. Furthermore it could be demonstrated, that asymmetric anchoring on one side of the wall doesn't affect ductility and energy dissipation. Wall elements with gypsum fiber boards (gfb) reach similar values for maximal load, ductility and energy dissipation compared to wall elements with osb. Moreover it was found, that construction details like using elastomer separation layers between wall and floor elements for sound insulation have a significant influence on ductility and hysteretic damping for CLT wall elements.
Simultaneous estimation of levodopa and carbidopa by RP‐HPLC using a fluorescence detector: its application to a pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Raut Prashant P. , Charde Shrikant Y.
Published: January 2014

A reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic (RP‐HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C18 reverse‐phase column and a mixture of an aqueous phase (10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 4.0) and methanol (90:10 v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of levodopa and carbidopa was performed using a fluorescence detector at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and an emission wavelength of 310 nm. The method was linear between 5 and 500 ng/mL for both levodopa and carbidopa. The detection limits for levodopa and carbidopa were 0.30 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively, whereas the quantitation limit was 0.80 ng/mL for levodopa and 1.2 ng/mL for carbidopa. The method demonstrated good and consistent recoveries (99.63–100.80% for levodopa and 98.97–100.94% for carbidopa) with low interday and intraday relative standard deviation. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify levodopa and carbidopa simultaneously in a pharmaceutical formulation. The method was found to be precise, sensitive and accurate for the simultaneous determination levodopa and carbidopa in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous valvuloplasty for severe bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis in the setting of infective endocarditis
Authors: Reddy Gautam , Ahmed Mustafa , Alli Oluseun
Published: January 2014

Bioprosthetic tricuspid valve stenosis as a sequela of infective endocarditis is extremely rare. We describe the case of a 29‐year‐old male patient with a history of intravenous drug use and two previous bioprosthetic tricuspid valve placements who presented with recurrent endocarditis and severe tricuspid stenosis. He was deemed extremely high risk for redo valve replacement surgery. Intracardiac ultrasound‐guided balloon valvuloplasty was performed with good clinical outcome. We believe that interventional treatment of prosthetic valvular stenosis in the setting of endocarditis is a reasonable therapeutic choice when open surgical repair is associated with prohibitively high mortality. This can be performed either as destination therapy or as a bridge to valve replacement. The use of intracardiac ultrasound provided additive information to that obtained by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of Acetylides in Dual Gold Catalysis: A Mechanistic Investigation of the Selectivity Difference in the Naphthalene Synthesis from Diynes
Authors: Graf Katharina , Hindenberg Philip D. , Tokimizu Yusuke , Naoe Saori , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Ohno Hiroaki , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: January 2014

Under the conditions of dual activation catalysis with oxygen nucleophiles, β‐substituted naphthalenes were obtained from 1,2‐diethinyl arenes. Mechanistic studies, which include isotope labeling experiments, support that dual activation leads to β‐substituted naphthalenes, whereas α‐naphthalenes are formed by π activation only, and no gold acetylide or dual activation is involved in the formation of the α‐substituted products. Additional experiments on substrates that led to dibenzopentalenes support these mechanistic insights.
Potential Separation of SF6 from Air Using Chabazite Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Nouri Amir , Jafari Mostafa , Kazemimoghadam Mansour , Mohammadi Toraj
Published: January 2014

Chabazite zeolite membranes were synthesized by the secondary growth method. Chabazite powders were obtained by decomposition of zeolite Y and subsequent ion exchange to produce a fully exchanged potassium chabazite. The synthesized powders were used as seeds for membrane synthesis. Chabazite membranes were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis on porous α‐alumina disks as supports. The effects of synthesis parameters including synthesis temperature and synthesis time on the chabazite zeolite membranes were investigated. The synthesized powders and membranes were characterized and the separation performance of the synthesized membranes were evaluated by separation of N2/SF6 and O2/SF6 gas mixtures. Gas permeation results are discussed in terms of optimum synthesis temperature and time.
Observation of Pendular Liquid Bridge Formation in an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Schröter Felix , Schmidt Eberhard
Published: January 2014

An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is used to observe bridge formation between particles under changing conditions. Variable parameters are particle size, shape, roughness, and binding agent. The results will help to determine influences and interactions, demonstrating the practicability of ESEMs to explore the dynamics of particles and particle beds under the influence of evaporation and condensation. The ESEM uses gaseous and liquid water in its chamber combined with a temperature‐controlled stage to condense binding fluids by changing pressure or temperature. For analysis of particle pairs, test setups are created of spherical and nonspherical particles attached to glass wafers. Replacements for water as binding agent are discussed and ranked for further steps.
Host–Guest Chemistry of Aromatic‐Amide‐Linked Bis‐ and Tris‐Calix[4]pyrroles with Bis‐Carboxylates and Citrate Anion
Authors: Cafeo Grazia , Gattuso Giuseppe , Kohnke Franz H. , Papanikolaou Georgia , Profumo Aldo , Rosano Camillo
Published: January 2014

A small library of polytopic receptors has been synthesized from meso‐p‐ and meso‐m‐aminophenylcalix[4]pyrroles and p‐ or m‐phthaloyl or trimesic chloride. Selected bis‐carboxylates and the citrate anion, which either exhibit altered distribution profiles in cancerous tissues in comparison with healthy tissues or are metabolites of carcinogenic substances (for example, trans,trans‐muconic acid from benzene exposure in humans) were tested as ligands. Varied affinities and binding modes were observed as a function of the number of calix[4]pyrroles and the topology of amide units present in each of the polytopic receptors. The structures of the 1:1 complexes derived by molecular modeling are in excellent agreement with the results of 1H NMR complexation studies.
Ruthenium Complexes of Tripodal Ligands with Pyridine and Triazole Arms: Subtle Tuning of Thermal, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Reactivity
Authors: Weisser Fritz , Hohloch Stephan , Plebst Sebastian , Schweinfurth David , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: January 2014

Electrochemical and photochemical bond‐activation steps are important for a variety of chemical transformations. We present here four new complexes, [Ru(Ln)(dmso)(Cl)]PF6 (1–4), where Ln is a tripodal amine ligand with 4−n pyridylmethyl arms and n−1 triazolylmethyl arms. Structural comparisons show that the triazoles bind closer to the Ru center than the pyridines. For L2, two isomers (with respect to the position of the triazole arm, equatorial or axial), trans‐2sym and trans‐2un, could be separated and compared. The increase in the number of the triazole arms in the ligand has almost no effect on the RuII/RuIII oxidation potentials, but it increases the stability of the RuSdmso bond. Hence, the oxidation waves become more reversible from trans‐1 to trans‐4, and whereas the dmso ligand readily dissociates from trans‐1 upon heating or irradiation with UV light, the RuS bond of trans‐4 remains perfectly stable under the same conditions. The strength of the RuS bond is not only influenced by the number of triazole arms but also by their position, as evidenced by the difference in redox behavior and reactivity of the two isomers, trans‐2sym and trans‐2un. A mechanistic picture for the electrochemical, thermal, and photochemical bond activation is discussed with data from NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry.
Modulable and Highly Diastereoselective Carbometalations of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Didier Dorian , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Simaan Marwan , Island Biana , Eppe Guillaume , Eijsberg Hendrik , Kleiner Amir , Knochel Paul , Marek Ilan
Published: January 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ilan Marek at Technion–Israel Institute of Technology. The image depicts how cyclopropenes can be used to access to a variety of small, quaternary carbon‐bearing chiral building blocks. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201303569.
Synthesis, Structure–Activity, and Structure–Stability Relationships of 2‐Substituted‐N‐(4‐oxo‐3‐oxetanyl) N‐Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) Inhibitors
Authors: Vitale Romina , Ottonello Giuliana , Petracca Rita , Bertozzi Sine Mandrup , Ponzano Stefano , Armirotti Andrea , Berteotti Anna , Dionisi Mauro , Cavalli Andrea , Piomelli Daniele , Bandiera Tiziano , Bertozzi Fabio
Published: January 2014

N‐Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a cysteine amidase that preferentially hydrolyzes saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), which are endogenous agonists of nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α). Compounds that feature an α‐amino‐β‐lactone ring have been identified as potent and selective NAAA inhibitors and have been shown to exert marked anti‐inflammatory effects that are mediated through FAE‐dependent activation of PPAR‐α. We synthesized and tested a series of racemic, diastereomerically pure β‐substituted α‐amino‐β‐lactones, as either carbamate or amide derivatives, investigating the structure–activity and structure–stability relationships (SAR and SSR) following changes in β‐substituent size, relative stereochemistry at the α‐ and β‐positions, and α‐amino functionality. Substituted carbamate derivatives emerged as more active and stable than amide analogues, with the cis configuration being generally preferred for stability. Increased steric bulk at the β‐position negatively affected NAAA inhibitory potency, while improving both chemical and plasma stability.
Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Ruthenium Complex with a Pentadentate Isoquinoline–Bipyridyl Ligand
Authors: Vennampalli Manohar , Liang Guangchao , Webster Charles Edwin , Zhao Xuan
Published: January 2014

Mononuclear ruthenium complexes with a pentadentate ligand, N,N‐bis[(isoquinolin‐1‐yl)methyl][6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl]methanamine (DIQ‐Bpy), were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrochemistry, and theoretical calculations. The oxidation of water by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ was observed in the presence of excess amounts of CeIV. Relative to [Ru(DPA‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ [DPA‐Bpy = N,N‐bis(2‐pyridinylmethyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐6‐methanamine], the substitution of pyridine groups in DPA‐Bpy with electron‐withdrawing isoquinolines results in higher redox potential and lower activity for the oxidation of water by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+. A kinetic study of water oxidation by [Ru(DPA‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+ suggests a mononuclear pathway for the oxidation of water. The noncovalent interaction between isoquinoline groups in [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+, which favors the formation of dinuclear species, might account for the lower activity for water oxidation by [Ru(DIQ‐Bpy)(H2O)]2+.
4‐(Pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate: A Versatile Launch Pad for the Synthesis of Aromatic SF5 Compounds via Cross Coupling, Azo Coupling, Homocoupling, Dediazoniation, and Click Chemistry
Authors: Okazaki Takao , Laali Kenneth K. , Bunge Scott D. , Adas Sonya K.
Published: January 2014

The reagent 4‐(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (1) was synthesized and isolated as a stable salt for the first time; its application in a wide assortment of transformations was subsequently investigated. A series of novel SF5‐bearing alkenes, alkynes, and biaryl derivatives were synthesized by employing Heck–Matsuda, Sonogashira, and Suzuki coupling protocols. Dediazoniation with TMSX (X = Hal; N3; and CN) and NH4SCN in [BMIM][BF4] as solvent furnished the corresponding p‐SF5–C6H4X derivatives. The azide derivative p‐SF5–C6H4N3 entered into click chemistry with phenylacetylenes to furnish the corresponding triazoles. The 4,4′‐bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)biphenyl was synthesized by homo‐coupling using Pd(OAc)2. The corresponding azo compounds were obtained through azo‐coupling with reactive aromatic nucleophiles (1,3‐dimethoxybenzene, 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene, 1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene, aniline and phenol). Fluorodediazoniation in [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][BF4] selectively furnished the fluoro derivative p‐SF5–C6H4F. Dediazoniation in [BMIM][NTf2] gave p‐SF5–C6H4OS(O)(CF3)=NSO2CF3 as the major and p‐SF5–C6H4‐NTf2 as the minor products. Homolytic dediazoniation in MeCN/NaI gave the unsymmetrical biaryls p‐SF5–C6H4‐Ar (ArH = mesitylene and p‐xylene) along with p‐SF5–C6H4I. Analysis of the dediazoniation product mixtures indicated that dediazoniation of p‐SF5–C6H4N2+ BF4– in low nucleophilicity, highly ionizing, solvents (TfOH, TFE, HFIP, TFAH) is mainly heterolytic, while in MeOH it is mainly homolytic. The isodesmic reaction p‐SF5–C6H4+ + R‐C6H5 → SF5–C6H5 + p‐R‐C6H4+ (with R = NO2, CF3, H) was gauged by DFT at various levels and by PCM.
The First Formation of (1Z)‐1‐Alkylidene‐1H‐isobenzofuranium Amides and 1H‐Inden‐1‐ones: Acid‐Promoted 5‐exo Cyclization and Hydration/Aldol Condensation Reactions of o‐Ethynylbenzophenones
Authors: Nagahora Noriyoshi , Wasano Tatsuya , Nozaki Kazuhiro , Ogawa Tamaki , Nishijima Shuhei , Motomatsu Daiki , Shioji Kosei , Okuma Kentaro
Published: January 2014

(1Z)‐1‐(2,2‐Dimethylpropylidene)‐1H‐isobenzofuranium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amides were synthesized through 5‐exo cyclization reactions between sterically encumbered o‐alkynylbenzophenones and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2NH). It was confirmed that the five‐membered‐ring isobenzofuranium amide isomerized to give the corresponding benzopyrylium amide, the six‐membered‐ring framework compound, in quantitative yield. Treatment of less encumbered o‐alkynylbenzophenones with Tf2NH at ambient temperature resulted in acid‐promoted hydration and sequential intramolecular aldol condensation reactions to afford 3‐aryl‐1H‐inden‐1‐one derivatives in good yields. The proposed reaction mechanism was strongly supported by the reaction behaviour of 4‐chloro‐ and 5‐methoxy‐2‐ethynylbenzophenone derivatives as substrates with Tf2NH, leading to the formation of the corresponding 3‐aryl‐1H‐inden‐1‐ones.
Vertical flow apparatus for enhancement and efficient collection of Raman signal
Authors: Hiramatsu Hirotsugu , Saito Takahiro
Published: January 2014

To improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio of Raman spectra, we developed a sample flow system in a vertical flow apparatus (VFA). The VFA consists of a brass plate with a drilled pinhole, cover slip on the brass plate, circulation pump, and reservoir. The sample solution flows through a gap between the brass plate and cover slip, spouts from the pinhole, and forms a laminar flow column. The sample column and surrounding air, respectively, serve as the core and cladding of an optical fiber that confines both excitation beam and scattered light owing to the total reflection at the core–cladding interface. The VFA enabled the enhancement and efficient collection of the Raman signal. The VFA with a 0.2‐mm pinhole produced a 12.0‐fold enhancement of the non‐resonant Raman signal of H2O compared to that measured using a capillary, and the S/N ratio exhibited a 4.1‐fold enhancement. The signal count was inversely proportional to the square of the pinhole diameter (φ), possibly owing to the dependence on the density of the electromagnetic energy of the excitation beam in the sample column. The S/N ratio was inversely proportional to φ because the signal enhancement was accompanied by an increase in the photon shot noise. The VFA also produced a 4.9‐fold enhancement of the resonance Raman signal of Congo red, although the enhancement factor was smaller than that in the non‐resonant Raman measurement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einbau einer 1.000 m langen Schachtleitung
Authors: Hachmann Andreas
Published: January 2014

In einem inzwischen stillgelegten Bergwerk der RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG musste vor einiger Zeit eine neue Steigleitung für die zentrale Grubenklimatisierung in einen einziehenden Schacht ersetzt werden. Die rund 1.000 m lange Schachtleitung ist auf nur einer Hauptverlagerung in rund 500 m Teufe befestigt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Montagevorbereitung und den Einbau der Leitung und gibt dabei einen Überblick über die hohen Sicherheitsanforderungen.

Installation of a shaft line with a length of 1,000 m

In a now disused mine of the RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG a new riser for the central pit air conditioning in a feeding chute had to be replaced. The 1,000 m long shaft line is fixed on a major shift only in around 500 m depth. The contribution describes the installation preparation and installation of the line and gives an overview of the high safety requirements.
Regulation of micromorphology and proton conductivity of sulfonated polyimide/crosslinked PNIPAm semi‐interpenetrating networks by hydrogen bonding
Authors: He Yao , Geng Lei , Tong Cuiyan , Liu Lingdi , Lü Changli
Published: January 2014

A series of novel sulfonated polyimide (SPI)/crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (cPNIPAm) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) were synthesized as the proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells via in situ polymerization. The micromorphology and properties of the semi‐IPN membranes were characterized. The results indicated that the hydrogen bonds between cPNIPAm and SPI in the semi‐IPN structure were a crucial factor for regulating the micromorphology, proton conductivity and other properties of the semi‐IPN membranes. A more uniform sulfonic ionic cluster distribution was observed in the membrane of SPI‐20‐cPNIPAm with equimolar ratio of sulfonic acid groups and amido bonds, which could provide effective proton transport channels. The SPI‐20‐cPNIPAm exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.331 S cm−1 at 80 oC (relative humidity 100%), an optimal selectivity of 8.01 × 105 S s cm−3 and an improved fuel cell performance of 72 mW cm−2 compared with both pristine SPI and other semi‐IPN membranes. The SPI‐20‐cPNIPAm semi‐IPN membranes also retained good mechanical properties and thermal stabilities on the whole. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry