bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Interactive Behaviors While Learning With Digitized Objects in Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Poitras Eric , Butcher Kirsten R. , Orr Matthew P.
Published: April 2020

This chapter outlines a framework for automated detection of student behaviors in the context of virtual learning environments. The components of the framework establish several parameters for data acquisition, preprocessing, and processing as a means to classify different types of behaviors. The authors illustrate these steps in training and evaluating a detector that differentiates between students' observations and functional behaviors while students interact with three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of dinosaur fossils. Synthetic data were generated in controlled conditions to obtain time series data from different channels (i.e., orientation from the virtual model and remote controllers) and modalities (i.e., orientation in the form of Euler angles and quaternions). Results suggest that accurate detection of interaction behaviors with 3D virtual models requires smaller moving windows to segment the log trace data as well as features that characterize orientation of virtual models in the form of quaternions. They discuss the implications for personalized instruction in virtual learning environments.
Living Myths in a Living World
Authors: Lehning Amber
Published: April 2020

This chapter considers fan studies in a mythological studies context and examines how green studies might use a similar approach to tap into the cultural and mythic power of modern fandoms. The first part defines the components of myth, considers existing fandom studies theories related to those components, and discusses on how fandom studies could impact the larger mythological studies debate. The second part describes the mythological roots of today's environmental crises and discusses the influence of specific fandoms on environmental activism. The chapter closes with some thoughts on how a mythological and green approach to fandom could provide further cultural impetus to positive environmental values much as feminist, ethnic, and queer perspectives on fandom have highlighted and supported a value shift in society as a whole.
Personality Traits and Fans' Motives for Attention to Fictional Narratives
Authors: Taylor Laramie D. , Gil-Lopez Teresa
Published: April 2020

Fans of fictional narratives are highly involved with and attentive to media texts. The present study investigated personality traits likely to influence the motivations that drive fans of fictional narratives to attend to their preferred texts and engage with other fans, drawing on Oliver and Raney's two-factor model of media enjoyment. In a survey of self-identified fans of fictional narratives or series (n = 401), respondents completed measures of the Big-5 personality traits, fan community involvement, cognitive flexibility, and hedonic and eudaimonic motives for viewing fan media content. Eudaimonic motives were associated with trait openness and cognitive flexibility. Hedonic motives were associated with conscientiousness and cognitive flexibility, but negatively associated with emotional stability.
Music Behind the Masks
Authors: Hodge Matthew
Published: April 2020

Batman villains are a staple fascination within the franchise's fandom, and music is a powerful tool utilized in allowing fans to experience these characters in an emotionally connected way when viewing live adaptations of them. This chapter examines the appeal of Batman villain narratives, explores how composers scored music for ten selected Gotham City antagonists spanning seven live-action Batman films, and discusses fans' reaction to those scores during a survey conducted by the author involving 55 voluntary participants. These explorations contribute to furthering dialogues on the cultural relevance of comic books in contemporary society, fans' fascination with villain narratives, film scores' function as a representation of on-screen personalities, and music's role in establishing relationships between fan audiences and on-screen characters.
The New Hip-Hop Generation of China
Authors: Wang Yehan
Published: April 2020

In 2017, an online reality show single-handedly ignited China's passion for hip hop, garnering more than 2.5 billion views and ensuring stardom for its contestants. Prior to this, Chinese hip-hop culture was only an “underground culture”; a small number of people sang in subway stations, not in mainstream media or culture. Based on research into the concept of “post-subculture” and the Birmingham school's theory of youth subcultures, this research takes the TV music show The Rap of China as an exemplary case study and explores how media companies make use of power emerging from fandom to “break the rules” of the traditions of mainstream culture in China. Through online observations of hip-hop songs and artists as well as interviews of hip-hop fans, this research explores the identities constructed in the age of consumerism and how new hip-hop generation fans perceive hip-hop culture.
Social Identity Theory in Sports Fandom Research
Authors: Hirshon Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Sports fans are known to engage in BIRGing, or basking in reflected glory after their team wins, and CORFing, cutting off reflected failure following a team loss. These phenomena are related to social identity theory, which examines how group memberships shape a person's self-image. This chapter explores how media-attentive sports fans internalize victory and externalize defeat by charting the simultaneous developments in the 1970s of social identity theory, advanced by European social psychologists, and BIRGing and CORFing, which are rooted in a landmark study on college students wearing school-identifying apparel after the university football team won. The chapter also examines how social identity has served and can continue to be utilized as the theoretical backbone for research on mass-mediated sports fandom.
National Team Fans
Authors: Leal Carmo , Dionísio Pedro C. , Brochado Ana M.
Published: April 2020

Football (i.e., soccer) is the most popular sport in Portugal, whose national team is considered a symbol of the entire country. This study sought to identify this team's fan profile and brand image's main components and the main determinants of the team's sponsorship effectiveness. Data were collected on fans several weeks before the 15th Union of European Football Associations Euro 2016. This study's initial qualitative phase was followed by a quantitative phase. Thirty face-to-face interviews were conducted, after which 801 fans filled out a survey. Qualitative analysis identified nine image associations that Portuguese fans link with their national team: national symbol, pride, passion, strength, strong emotions, happiness, optimism, connection, and positive feelings. Four clusters of fans' expectations and demographics were found, confirming heterogeneity. The team's sponsorship effectiveness is stronger for sponsors' clients and highly involved fans, as well as when brand image congruence exists between sponsors and the sponsee.
The Role of Art in Persuasiveness of Sport Sponsorship
Authors: Chou Wen-hao Winston , Lee Jhih-yin Diane , Zhang James J.
Published: April 2020

In this chapter, authors from two disciplines—sport management and art education—explore three art-related identities in the context of sport sponsorship and explain how these art-related roles might influence the persuasiveness of sport sponsorship by affecting a sport fan's aesthetic assessment. Specifically, a sport fan could have multiple identities that are related to art, such as an art critic, an artist, and an art-event attender, and he/she might have a higher standard of aesthetics when processing persuasion messages built in sport sponsorships. By introducing the concept of art and aesthetics into the discussion of sport sponsorship effectiveness in the persuasion process, scholars and practitioners can learn from the role of art in fandom and apply this information to the context of sponsorship research and practice by highlighting its ever-growing importance in affecting the persuasiveness of sponsorship communicating in today's media. The challenges of methodology and possible research suggestions are discussed in the conclusion.
Women in Academia Matter
Authors: Moeke-Pickering Taima
Published: April 2020

Empowering women in academia matters. As women academics, we need to unleash our leadership power if we want to make a change. Colonization sexualized, subjugated, and dehumanized women and girls and unfortunately continues in the academy today. This is evidenced by pay, hiring, racism, and leadership inequity. This chapter shares the meaning and value of Indigenous worldviews, women movements in social media, and why systemic strategies for sustained equity, diversity, and inclusivity in the academy matters. This is a huge responsibility and commitment. The author's experience working with women academics is that they take their role seriously, they use instinct, they defend when they need to, they are creative, they spend a lot of time on the whys, they use diplomacy and often put their own feelings aside to make sure that equity goals for women are achieved.
“I Didn't Come to Play”
Authors: Naepi Sereana
Published: April 2020

Pasifika women in the academy face many of the same challenges as other racialised women working in universities. At the intersection of race and gender, we experience the white and masculine imprints of higher education. These imprints lead to Pasifika women experiencing excess labour, infantilization, hyper-surveillance, stranger making, expectations of intelligibility, and desirable diversity. In spite of this daily onslaught Pasifika, women continue to work and engage in higher education and the question needs to be asked: Why? This chapter explores these experiences and more importantly the motivations of Pasifika women to continue to engage with higher education in spite of the systemic exclusion they face.
Indigenous Killjoys Negotiating the Labyrinth of Dis/Mistrust
Authors: Carlson Bronwyn
Published: April 2020

Indigenous scholars often feel like they have to do better and be better to fit in the academy. The sense of being an imposer is an emotion that is familiar to many. Indigenous women particularly become very accustomed to the gendered and racialized codes of academia. Raising the issue positions Indigenous women as killjoys – always demanding more than they are entitled. Indigenous scholars bring a lot to the academy and can draw on millennia of Indigenous knowledge as they negotiate a labyrinth of dis/mistrust in the system. Despite this, they will prevail as scholars of substance and worth.
“I Didn't Expect YOU to Be the University President!”
Authors: Timmons Vianne
Published: April 2020

After decades of being male dominated in nearly every respect, Canadian universities made significant progress toward gender equity in 1980s and ‘90s. That momentum stalled for the most part for almost two decades, and only in the past few years has an awareness of the lack of progress—as well as the importance of overtly promoting gender equity and women's leadership—re-emerged as an urgent priority both for faculty members and for the institutions where they work. In this chapter, the past three decades of women's advancement and leadership in Canadian academia are described and analyzed through the reflections and experiences of one woman.
Breaking the Ice
Authors: Eger Tammy , Müller Kirsten M.
Published: April 2020

The “leaky pipeline” has become a popular analogy to explain the gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine (STEMM). The reasons for the “leaky pipeline” are varied and continue to be addressed in the literature, and entire sections of the pipeline are missing for Indigenous women, LGBTQ2S+, persons with disabilities, racialized minorities, and women who experience other forms of marginalization. In 2019, the authors were selected for Homeward Bound, a 12-month international leadership program that culminated in the largest ever all-women expedition to Antarctica. They joined 97 women from 34 different countries around the world where they explored and reflected on their leadership in the context of personal values, strategic planning, visibility, and team building. In this chapter, they explore current statistics that paint a clear picture that the “pipe” is still leaking. They also share reflections from their journey to Antarctica and offer strategies to “break the ice” and create a system that will enable all women to thrive in academia.
Making Lemonade From the Lemon of Cultural Taxation
Authors: Robinson Petra A. , Aldana Julie J. Henriquez
Published: April 2020

“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade” is a common phrase used to inspire optimism despite facing adversity. The purpose of this chapter is to acknowledge the prevalence and burden of cultural taxation (the figurative lemon) in academia and to illustrate how faculty of color can design and teach race-related courses that help to develop global citizens who think critically and value reflexivity and diversity (make lemonade). In doing so, faculty can promote social justice while helping to erode the status quo related to this taxation. Based on the findings of a qualitative research study, the authors outline various perspectives from students who report experiencing personal transformations as a result of taking a graduate level class related to diversity and social justice. The chapter also focuses on the experiences of the faculty member who taught the class as part of the curriculum in an Adult Education doctoral program in the USA.
Humility Matters
Authors: Bright Anita , Acosta Susan , Parker Brad
Published: April 2020

In this autoethnographic work focused on humility, three voices speak to an experience in co-facilitating three sections of a master's level course in an initial teacher preparation program. The course, titled Educating for Equity and Social Justice, took place in a large, urban, public university in the US during the summer of 2019, and was taught primarily by a faculty member. Two doctoral students at the same university elected to participate as part of their doctoral internships, each with a vision of what insights and learnings might occur through this engagement. With the three voices (one faculty member and two doctoral students) intertwined, the authors draw from their own lived experiences as a framework with which to analyze and interpret their experiences, reflections, and cultural assumptions to highlight the ways humility informs their work.
Basic Education Provision in Kenya's Urban Informal Settlements
Authors: Malenya Francis Likoye
Published: April 2020

The provision of basic education in urban informal settlements in Kenya has invariably been described as poorly organized, less equitable and hence, one that is in crisis. This chapter examines the state of basic education as a function of the policies and approaches that guide its provision. It is argued in this chapter that the manner in which educational policy has been designed and resources distributed over time exhibits a tendency towards marginalizing children in urban informal settlements in terms of access to quality education compared to their counterparts elsewhere. Considering the socio-economic and socio-historical contexts of informal settlements in Kenya, it is concluded that while government efforts towards the provision of education are appreciated, it has not been sufficiently sensitive to the circumstances of the children learning in institutions in these settlements.
Improvisation of Cleaning Process on Tweets for Opinion Mining
Authors: Grover Arpita , Kumar Pardeep , Garg Kanwal
Published: April 2020

In the current scenario, high accessibility to computational facilities encourage generation of a large volume of electronic data. Expansion of the data has persuaded researchers towards critical analyzation so as to extract the maximum possible patterns for wiser decisiveness. Such analysis requires curtailing of text to a better structured format by pre-processing. This scrutiny focuses on implementing pre-processing in two major steps for textual data generated by dint of Twitter API. A NoSQL, document-based database named as MongoDB is used for accumulating raw data. Thereafter, cleaning followed by data transformation is executed on accumulated tweets related to Narender Modi, Honorable Prime Minister of India.
Critical Buckling Load of Triple-Walled Carbon Nanotube Based on Nonlocal Elasticity Theory
Authors: Bensattalah Tayeb , Hamidi Ahmed , Bouakkaz Khaled , Zidour Mohamed , Daouadji Tahar Hassaine
Published: April 2020

The present paper investigates the nonlocal buckling of Zigzag Triple-walled carbon nanotubes (TWCNTs) under axial compression with both chirality and small scale effects. Based on the nonlocal continuum theory and the Timoshenko beam model, the governing equations are derived and the critical buckling loads under axial compression are obtained. The TWCNTs are considered as three nanotube shells coupled through the van der Waals interaction between them. The results show that the critical buckling load can be overestimated by the local beam model if the small-scale effect is overlooked for long nanotubes. In addition, a significant dependence of the critical buckling loads on the chirality of zigzag carbon nanotube is confirmed, and these are then compared with: A single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs); and Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). These findings are important in mechanical design considerations and reinforcement of devices that use carbon nanotubes.
Electrochemical Capacitive Properties of CuO Nanorods Prepared by a Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Method
Authors: Li Wei , Feng Na Na
Published: April 2020

CuO nanorods were fabricated by a facile microwave-assisted synthesis method and applied to pseudo-capacitor. The CuO nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacitive behavior of nanorods was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. Electrochemical experiments reveal that CuO nanorods demonstrate better capacitance performance than granular CuOs prepared by chemical precipitation method. The CuO nanorods have a high specific capacitance of 317 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and a fairly good cyclic stability.
Thickness Effect of Zno Film on the Performance of Photocatalytic in a p-Nio/n-Zno Heterostructure under Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Farh Hichem , Noua Abd Elouahab , Guemini Rebai , Guitoume Djamal Eldine , Zaoui Oussama
Published: April 2020

In this work, we studied the ZnO film thickness effect on the photocatalytic performance of n-ZnO/p-NiO heterostructures. The ZnO and NiO films were prepared by sol-gel dip-coating technique and the thickness of the ZnO film was varied by changing the number of coatingsfrom 2 to12. The formation of the p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructure was confirmed by X ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained ZnO films present a wurtzite structure with a preferred orientation along (002) direction while the NiO film present a cubic structure highly oriented along (200) direction. UV-visible transmittance spectra of the prepared heterostructures revealed a good transparency in the visible region. The photocatalytic propertiesof the n-ZnO/p-NiO heterostructures were investigated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue. All the samples exhibit a good photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of p-NiO/n-ZnO heterostructureswas strongly correlated with the number of ZnO coatings. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained at 6 coatings with a degradation rate of methylene blue equal to 98.67% for 4.5h of irradiation.
Essential Oils Encapsulation into Nanoliposome and Novel Application of Nanoliposome as a Storage Pesticide
Authors: Faraji Zahra , Shakarami Jahanshir , Varshosaz Jaleh , Jafari Shahriar
Published: April 2020

This study attempted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of essential oil nanoliposomes from three plants by two preparation methods including thin film sonication and heating. Also, the durability of fumigation toxicity of the essential oil nanoliposome and pure essential oil of Mentha pulegium against Tribolium castaneum Herbst adults were compared. The smallest mean size of the nanoliposome was prepared by the thin film sonication method (P<0.05). The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoliposome was higher than 96%. Nanoliposmes prepared by using two methods showed high stability during storage. The release profile of essential oils at the heating method showed that the essential oil diffusion from the nanoliposome was in the following order: Mentha pulegium > Ferula gummosa > Zattaria multiflora. These findings indicate that both preparation methods had the same effect on the formation of nanoliposomes, their characteristics, and their storage stability. The durability of fumigation toxicity of the nanoliposome M. pulegium essential oil had a significant effect on mortality of T. castaneum adults in comparison with pure essential oil of this plant. The result showed that nanoliposome encapsulation of M. pulegium essential oil significantly increased fumigation toxicity against T. castaneum. Therefore, essential oil encapsulation into a nanoliposome carrier can potentially be used in pest management.
Evaluation Use of Calliandra calothyrsus Substituted Soybean Meal Supplement on Feed Nutrient Intake and Digestibility in the Kacang Goat
Authors: Atmojo Fajar Ajimukti , Suhartanto Bambang , Zulfa Insani Hubi , Kustantinah Kustantinah
Published: April 2020

Twenty goats were given a basal feed of Pennisetumpurpureum cv Mott (odot grass) and supplemented with protein-based feed ingredients namely calliandracalothyrsus and soybeanmeal (SBM). The proportion of calliandra feed substitution and soybeanmeal is T1 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% soybeanmeal; T2 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 25% calliandra + 75% soybeanmeal; T3 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 50% calliandra + 50% soybeanmeal; T4 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 75% calliandra + 25% soybeanmeal; and T5 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% calliandra. The amount of feed supplementation given is based on daily protein requirements (gram/DM) per day according to animal body weight. The feed given contained iso protein (CP) and iso energy (TDN) to determine the effect of substitution of soybeanmeal with calliandra The parameters observed were intake and nutrient digestibility of feed. Data obtained from the results of the study analyzed variance using a one-way analysis of variance, then if the results show significant differences, it will be analyzed further with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that substitution of calliandra did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on nutrient intake (g/kg BB0,75/day), except for intake of ETN, it shows a significant effect (P< 0.05). Calliandra substitution had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed nutrient digestibility, with the highest digestibility being T2 treatment (25% calliandra substitution).
Synthesis of 4-(5-Bromo-4-Hydroxyphenyl-3-Methoxy)-2-Butanone and the Activity Test as Fruit Flies Attractant
Authors: Pradika Yuri , Pranowo Deni , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: April 2020

Synthesis of 4-(5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-butanone and its potential test as fruit flies attractant has been done. All of products were analyzed by FT-IR GC-MS, and 1H-NMR. Synthesis of 4-(5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-butanone was carried out in three steps reaction. First, the bromination of vanillin was performed using KBrO3 and HBr in acidic condition. Second, aldol condensation of 5-bromovanillin with acetone using base catalyst NaOH 20%. Third, 4-(5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-butanone was synthesized by reacting the reduction reaction of condensation aldol products with NaBH4 and NiCl2.6H2O in methanol solvent in mild condition. Based on FT-IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR analyses, the synthesis of 4-(5-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-2-butanone has been successfully by selective hydrogenation reaction with 68% yield. Testing the result as attractant of fruit fly indicated that synthesized compound can be used as attractant.
Synthesis Edible Film Chitosan/Polyethylene Glycol/ Carboxymethylcellulose with Lemongrass Oils as Insect Ovipositing Repellent
Authors: Perwita M.G. Cinthya S. , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Astuti Endang , Pranowo Deni
Published: April 2020

Chitosan is a long linear chain polymer that has biodegradable properties. Chitosan can be found naturally in marine and terrestrial environments. However, chitosan as an edible film has brittle and weak properties. Therefore, addition of plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol and also emulsifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) could improve the chitosan properties. In this study, the potency of modified chitosan as an edible film will be tested as an Insect Ovipositing Repellent (IOR) against B. carambolae fruit fly, which is known as one of the main pests on fruits in Southern East Asia. Chitosan-based films plasticized with polyethylene glycol, emulsified with carboxymethylcellulose and lemongrass oils as essential oils were prepared. Then the films was characterized; intermolecular interactions were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties such as elongation, tensile strength, the thickness was tested using universal testing machine (UTM). Guava (Psidium guajava L), as a sample was used for testing the potential of chitosan film as IOR against the B. carambolae fruit fly. The addition of CMC and lemongrass oils to the chitosan/PEG films increased tensile strength and reduced elongation at break of the blended films. The best film resulted from composite of Chitosan/PEG/CMC/Lemongrass oil with a ratio of 1%/0.5%/0.1%/2%, and it is active as fruit fly repellent with IOA and ER of -0.745 and 85.412%, respectively.
Isotherm and Thermodynamics Adsorption of Au(III) Ion by Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia mangostana L.)
Authors: Harumi Mellia , Saraswati Dian Hana , Triyono Triyono , Sudiono Sri
Published: April 2020

The mangosteen rind has O‒H, C=C aromatics, and ethers functional groups, its performance for Au adsorption become an interesting research to both environment and economic purpose. In this study, waste mangosteen rind as eco-friendly adsorbent had been used for Au(III) adsorption. Initiate by maceration for pre-treatment of biosorbent, the mangosteen rind’s perfomance was revealed. Crystalline structure of mangosteen rind was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, while after interaction with Au(III) ions gave three characteristic peaks indicated Au(III) reduction into Au(0). The adsorption followed isotherm Langmuir model and afforded spontaneous reaction that evidenced by enhancement of ∆G° by increasing of temperature (–1.7 at 30 °C to –8.4 at 60 °C). The value of ∆H° and ∆S° were 71.1 kJ mol–1 and 238.5 J mol–1 K–1, respectively.
Study on Factors Affecting the Extraction of Ocimum basilicum Using Hydrodistillation Method
Authors: Qadariyah Lailatul , Mahfud Mahfud , Muchammad Raka Selaksa Charsima , Junianto Budi Rizky , Prasetya Daniel Wiradanu , Bhuana Donny Satria
Published: April 2020

Ocimum basilicum essential oil has many uses, however, it is still difficult to get the maximum results, in terms of both quantity and quality due to some reason. Thus, it is necessary to study the factors affecting the extraction in order to give the maximum output, in terms of yield and quality, respectively. The method used in this study was the most commonly used one, which is called hydro-distillation method. The highest yield in this study goes as high as 1.4%, which was obtained when 1 cm-sized of material, 2100 Watt of power, and solvent to material ratio of 0.025 was operated. With regards to the resulting composition and chemical analysis results, it shows the best condition for extraction using HD method is at 2100 W power, ratio F/S is 0.025 and material size 1 cm.
Antibacterial Activity of Traditional Medicine Scurrula atropurpurea (BL) DANS and their Endophytic Fungi
Authors: Elfita Elfita , Muharni Muharni , Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Fitrya Fitrya , Fera Feti , Widjajanti Hary
Published: April 2020

Scurrula atropurpurea known as benalu is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of various diseases such as antibacterial. Plants with ethnomedicine history use to cure pathogenic bacterial infections and their endophytic fungi is a promising source of antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to compared the antibacterial activity of S. atropurpurea leaves and their endophytic fungi. The secondary metabolites were isolated from the leaves of S. atropurpurea and their endophytic fungi by the chromatography method. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by Kirby Bauer method against Salmonella typhi (IPCCCB.11.669) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as Gram (-) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) as Gram (+). The antibacterial compound from S. atropurpurea was determined by spectroscopy analysis as Quercetin-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside, while the antibacterial compound from endophytic fungi (strain BB1) as a lactone. Phylogenetic tree of strain BB1 has the highest homology with Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis strain CBS 450.74.
Virtual Screening Based on Pharmacophore to Discover Host ER Alpha-Glucosidase II Inhibitor for Dengue Therapy
Authors: Ariavianti Elsafira , Stephanie filia , Tambunan Usman Sumo Friend
Published: April 2020

Dengue is one of the crucial diseases in human-caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, the development of DENV antiviral is often facing a problem because no effective drug to treat infection caused by all DENV serotypes. The inhibition of host protein involved in DENV life cycle can be a potential approach in dengue drug discovery, and also avoiding antiviral resistance. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) α-glucosidase II is one of the target host protein in DENV endoplasmic reticulum that plays an important role in the maturation process of DENV envelope glycoprotein. Natural products have been known as an essential source of a lead compound for drug discovery due to their therapeutic potency. In this research, pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking simulations were performed to find ligand that has potential to inhibit α-glucosidase II activity. About 67,609 natural products from InterBioScreen (IBS) database were used in the simulation as ligands with α-glucosidase II as the protein target. After subjected to Lipinski’s Rule of Five, druglikeness, nasty functions, and toxicity screening using DataWarrior software, 17,462 ligands were obtained. The pharmacophore features for molecular docking simulation was obtained from Protein-Ligand Interaction Fingerprint (PLIF) analysis using eight α-glucosidase II protein with different ligands. Based on virtual screening, rigid, and flexible docking simulations using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software, 32 ligands have lower Gibbs free binding energy (ΔGbinding) compared to the standards. Two best ligands, namely STOCK1N-85545 and STOCK1N-86400 which belong alkaloid derivatives, showed the exceptional ligand interaction and had the lowest ΔGbinding of-11.204 and-10.276 kcal/mol, respectively. The ligands were identified to have a binding interaction with amino acid Asp564 and Asp640 in α-glucosidase II catalytic site. STOCK1N-85545 and STOCK1N-86400 were also identified to have a good pharmacological properties after subjected to ADME-tox test using Toxtree, SwissADME, admetSAR, and pkCSM software.
Synthesis N-Phenyl Pyrazoline from Dibenzalacetone and Heme Polymeration Inhibitory Activity (HPIA) Assay
Authors: Ekawati Linda , Purwono Bambang , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam
Published: April 2020

The synthesis of 1,5-diphenyl-3-styryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (B1) and 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (B2) have been conducted from 1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-on (A1) and 1,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (A2). Heme polymerization inhibitory activity (HPIA) assay of the synthesized compounds has also been carried out. The first step of reaction was Claisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives and acetone using NaOH 20% and ethanol as solvent. Dibenzalacetone derivatives were reacted with phenylhydrazine using acetic acid to form N-phenylpyrazoline. The structure of products was characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, DI-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR The result of heme polymerization inhibitory activity assay showed that IC50 of B1 and B2 1.26 and 0.79 mM while quinine 1.26 mM. The result indicated that compound B2 was more potent as antimalarial than quinine.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Screening of Actinomycetes from the Soil of Enggano Island, Indonesia
Authors: Pahira Delvi Sara Jihan , Hertiani Triana , Lisdiyanti Puspita , Ratnakomala Shanti , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: April 2020

Actinomycetes are filamentous Gram-positive bacteria that potential sources of antimicrobial substances. The aim of this study was to isolate actinomycetes from different soil types in Enggano Island and screened their antimicrobial activity. The phenol method with 802 medium and humic acid vitamin (HVA) medium was used to isolate the actinomycetes. Furthermore, molecular identifications were performed based on 16s rRNA gene sequence. Antimicrobial activity screening was performed against Bacillus subtilis BTCC B.612, Escherichia coli BTCC B.612, Micrococcus luteus BTCC B.552, Staphylococcus aureus BTCC B.611, and Candida albicans BTCC Y.33 by using the agar plug diffusion method. Fifty-six actinomycetes isolates were obtained from 11 soil types. Most of the isolates were Streptomyces genus with species S. hydrogenans, S. coelicolor, and S. koyangensis, which have similarities in the 16S rRNA gene sequence ranging from 98 -100%. Among isolates screened for their antimicrobial activity, five isolates, i.e. SMP 6, SMP 7b, SMP 18, SHP 9-3, and SHP 22-1a showed a potential activity against test microorganisms selected. All of isolates were more active against C. albicans compared with the tested bacteria. Further study will be conducted to isolate active substances against C. albicans.
Compressive Strength of Dental E-Glass Microfiber-Reinforced Composite Resin in Mouthwash Immersion
Authors: Sunarintyas Siti , Affandi Rifqi Fahmi , Widjijono Widjijono
Published: April 2020

Fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRC) is gaining popularity as dental filling material. In the oral cavity, it will contact with the oral environment including oral cleansing agents. This research was aimed to determine the effect of mouthwash on the compressive strength of FRC. The materials used were E-glass FRC (EverX Posterior, GC Corp, Japan), alcohol mouthwash (Original Listerine, Johnson&Johnson, Indonesia), alcohol-free mouthwash (Listerine Cool Mint Zero, Johnson&Johnson, Indonesia). Forty-five FRCs were made in cylindrical shapes. Specimens were divided into 2 groups of mouthwash immersion: alcohol and alcohol-free mouthwash. The groups were sub-grouped by 0, 6, 12, and 24 h immersion. Samples were recorded for compressive strength by Universal Testing Machine. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The result of compressive strength values (MPa) were (alcohol mouthwash): 293.59±30.54 (0 h), 284.43±46.91 (6 h), 268.71±44.66 (12 h), 252.19±31.49 (24 h); (alcohol-free mouthwash): 294.12±28.17 (0 h), 287.30±35.56 (6 h), 273.32±41.94 (12 h), 260.82±40.67 (24 h). Statistical analysis revealed there was no significant influence of mouthwash type (alcohol or alcohol-free mouthwash), immersion duration (0, 6, 12, 24 h), and combination of mouthwash type and immersion duration (p>0.05) to the compressive strength of FRCs. The conclusions were the mouthwash types, immersion duration, and combination of mouthwash type and immersion duration did not influence the compressive strength of E-glass FRC
The Porosity and Human Gingival Cells Attachment of Synthetic Coral Scaffold for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Mahanani Erlina Sih , Bachtiar Indra , Ana Ika Dewi
Published: April 2020

Porosity and interconnectivity play an important role in the success of tissue engineering because it affects cells to live and grow. Coral has been used as a bone replacement material because the structures resemble bone and have mechanical bone properties. In this study, the synthetic coral scaffold was developed to mimic the natural coral. This study aims to investigate the porosity of the scaffold and its biocompatibility while it is attached to human gingival cells. Synthetic coral scaffold in various compositions were prepared, porosity percentage measurement and human gingival cell attachment test were done. An optimum ratio of the scaffold with gelatin: CaCO3, having the highest porosity and cell attachment is obtained in 5:5. The result of this study presented that synthetic coral scaffold could provide the microenvironment to cells for life because it is supported by the highest percentage of porosity.
Free Na and Less Fe Compositions of SiO2 Extracted from Rice Husk Ash as the Silica Source for Synthesis of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Ghadafi Muhamad , Santosa Sri Juari , Kamiya Yuichi , Nuryono Nuryono
Published: April 2020

In this research, we report the use of free sodium and less Fe ion silica (SiO2) for preparation of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA). SiO2 was extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) using NaOH 2 M and HCl 37% (v/v) and removal of Na was performed by washing the extracted SiO2 using deionized water with various volumes and techniques. Before extraction, RHA was calcined at a temperature of 700 °C for 3 h. Preparation of WMTA began with mixing the extracted SiO2 20%, CaO 60%, Al2O3 2%, and Bi2O3 18% (w/w). The mixture was calcined at temperatures of 1100 °C for 4 h, grounded to produce WMTA 200 mesh in size and then was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersion X-ray (SEM-EDX). The WMTA characteristics were compared to that of the commercial WMTA ProRoot. The result shows that the silica that was potential as the silica source for WMTA preparation was extracted from RHA involving sonication and washing with 360 mL of deionized water per 10 g of RHA. It contained SiO2 of 94.2%, Fe2O3 of 0.03%, no Na2O, and the particle size of 1.51±0.46 µm. The characterization of WMTA shows that produced WMTA contained tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and BiO2, which is comparable to the commercial WMTA ProRoot.
Synthesis and Characterization of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Using Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Extracted from Limestone
Authors: Fa'izzah Maulidia , Widjijono Widjijono , Kamiya Yuichi , Nuryono Nuryono
Published: April 2020

White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) using precipitated CaCO3 (PCC) from limestone has been synthesized. PCC in calcite structure was extracted from limestone by calcination at 900 °C for 3 h, dissolved in 0.8 M nitric acid solution and followed with carbonation for 60 minutes. PCC was used for the synthesis of WMTA by mixing with tetraethoxyorthosilicate, bismuth oxide, aluminum oxide, catalyst of with HNO3 and NH3 solution and thermally treated at 1100 °C for 3 h. The products were characterized with Thermal Gravimetric Analysis-Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTG), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Frontier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that the PCC dominated calcite structure was obtained with 75.25% in yield and 99.42% in purity. The WMTA has been successfully synthesized by low thermal treatment at 1100 °C using catalysts of HNO3 and NH3 solution, proven by the presence of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and Bi2O3 in WMTA.
The Influence of SMAT and Polishing on the Degradation of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl Solution
Authors: Arifvianto Budi , Mahardika Muslim , Salim Urip Agus , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: April 2020

Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) has been recognized as a potential surface treatment for improving the strength and the wear resistance of magnesium (Mg) and its alloy. However, this treatment potentially increases the degradation rate of these particular materials. Therefore, additional treatments might be needed to overcome such limitation of the SMAT. In this research, the influence of polishing on the degradation of the SMAT-processed AZ31B Mg alloy was investigated. Weight losses measurement and pH monitoring were carried out to determine degradation behavior of the Mg alloy during an immersion test in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The results showed that the degradability of the Mg alloy decreased with the application of polishing to remove the rough surface layer and the Fe contaminant on the material surface generated by the SMAT. Based on all the findings in this work, it can be concluded that the SMAT is indeed a promising technique for lowering the degradability of AZ31B Mg alloy, but such an advantage was masked by the increased roughness and contamination of the alloy surface with this treatment.
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Based Biosensor on Gold Thin Film for Detection of Microalgae
Authors: Khasanah Riza Ariyani Nur , Herawati Asmida , Maulana Lucky Zaehir , Suyono Eko Agus , Suharyadi Edi , Santoso Iman , Kato Takeshi , Iwata Satoshi
Published: April 2020

The study of spectroscopic ellipsometry on gold thin film with different thicknesses (30, 50, and 70 nm) for biosensor application has been done. In this work, a rotating analyzer ellipsometer (RAE) has been used to characterize gold thin film and detect microalgae. The measurement was performed at different incidence angles (60°, 65°, 70°, and 75°) assuming the gold film as an isotropic material. The light absorptions of electron represented by the ellipsometer parameter (Δ) and the extinction coefficient (k) are due to the intraband transition of free electrons in the lower photon energy and interband transition of bounded electrons from 5d to 6sp in the higher photon energy. The light absorption increases with the decrease in the thickness of Au thin film. However, for the detection of microalgae, the light absorption of the electron increases with the increase in the thickness of Au thin film due to the dominant absorption by microalgae and PVA. We report that the use of Au thin film with the thickness of 70 nm provides the most sensitive detection of microalgae which is confirmed by the change in Δ (63.1°), at the photon energy of 2.11 eV and the incidence angle of 75°.
Molecular Imprinting Polymer-Based QCM Sensor for Detection of α-Pinene
Authors: Humairah NUr Aisyah , Fadlunisa Fadlunisa , Histhiningtyas Kiki Amalia , Fatyadi Innas Amaliya , Roto Roto , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Triyana Kuwat
Published: April 2020

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) modified by chitosan/α-pinene, prepared by spin-coating technique has been successfully developed with molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) concept. To remove the template, we carried out two treatments namely heating and vacuum in a desiccator. To find out selectivity of the sensor, the QCM modified with polymer chitosan has been tested with another analyte such as acetone, ethanol, N-amyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol. The result shows that chitosan/α-pinene coated QCM sensor can provide a good response as good as sensitivity. The best QCM at heating treatment in a furnace with the decline of frequency is 32 Hz, then the QCM vacuum pumping treatment with decline frequency is 27 Hz.
Acetone Sensing Based on Transmittance of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Liquid Crystal Materials
Authors: Silalahi Harry Miyosi , Chiang Wei Fan , Huang Chia Yi
Published: April 2020

Poly hydroxyethyl methacrylate (p-HEMA) has a natural property that is very easy to absorb a liquid or solution and become a hydrogel when absorbing water. In this work, by combining p-HEMA material with a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC), the material can absorb the solution and the optical properties of the liquid crystal will change depending on the solution it absorbs. The solution used in this work is acetone. During the absorption process the p-HEMA material expanded so that the orientation direction of liquid crystal molecular twist with a helical axis along can freely move and change. In this work, we observed the study of transmittance caused by thickness effect and the mixture concentration effect of the poly hydroxyethyl methacrylate liquid crystals (PHM-LC).
Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles for Adsorption of Waste Containing Cu2+ Ions
Authors: Irfai Rizal A. , Roto Roto , Aplrilita Nurul Hidayat
Published: April 2020

The magnetic adsorbent of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle is modified with an amine group for recovery electroplating industrial waste, which contains Cu2+ ion. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by the coprecipitation method under sonication and were coated with SiO2 by acid hydrolysis of sodium citrate under N2 purging. The nanoparticles were prepared by a coating of silica onto the magnetite nanoparticles via controlled hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). TEM images suggest that the products have a spherical shape with a particle size of about 20 nm in diameter, and the silica-coated magnetite has a core-shell structure. The Cu2+ ion adsorption by magnetic nanoparticles follows the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 51.04 mg/g at pH 3. The copper ion adsorption by modified MNPs provides easy access to the separation for both the preparation and recovery.
The Implementation of Fast Fourier Transform and Coherence Function to Detect the Millimetric Hole on Strip Iron Plate
Authors: Wiranata Ardi , Winata Ekrar
Published: April 2020

In this study, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was used in order to detect bore hole in a structure. FFT is a common method in digital signal processing (DSP) to characterize the frequency emitted by some structure. This method is widely used because of its simplicity. Computational time needed for FFT is relatively lower than another method. The use of FFT to analyze defect in structure is not commonly used since FFT has some weakness for example spatial frequency cannot be extracted to point out the defect location. In this paper, defect was designated as a hole in a strip iron plate with 20 mm in diameter. The strip iron plate was 1 meter long, 38 mm wide and 3 mm thick. This strip iron plate was clamped at one of its ends while the other side is left free. In order to produce vibration signal, impact hammer Bruel Kjaer Type 8202 was used with plastic tip to limit the vibration frequency in to the range of 0 - 1000 Hz. The trigger point was 30 mm from its free end. Three accelerometers were placed series in one line with the trigger point with 300 mm distance of each accelerometer. The position of the hole was varied in three different position. The first position was between trigger point and first accelerometer, between first and second accelerometer and between the second and third accelerometer. The raw signal obtained from the accelerometer was processed by using FFT to understand the mode shape changes in the strip iron plate due to the bore hole. Furthermore, the FFT result was analyzed as function of receiver position to determine the position of hole. The result shows that the frequency characters were different in each case and further analysis by using magnitude-squared coherence function need to be used in order to quantitatively find the difference between FFT result.