bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optogenetic Dissection of Temporal Dynamics of Amygdala-Striatal Interplay during Risk/Reward Decision Making
Authors: Bercovici Debra A. , Princz-Lebel Oren , Tse Maric T. , Moorman David E. , Floresco Stan B.
Published: November 2018

Decision making often requires weighing costs and benefits of different options that vary in terms of reward magnitude and uncertainty. Previous studies using pharmacological inactivations have shown that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway promotes choice towards larger/riskier rewards. Neural activity in BLA and NAc shows distinct, phasic changes in firing prior to choice and following action outcomes, yet, how these temporally-discrete patterns of activity within BLA→NAc circuitry influence choice is unclear. We assessed how optogenetic silencing of BLA terminals in the NAc altered action selection during probabilistic decision making. Rats received intra-BLA infusions of viruses encoding the inhibitory opsin eArchT and were well trained on a probabilistic discounting task, where they chose between smaller/certain rewards and larger rewards delivered in a probabilistic manner, with the odds of obtaining the larger reward changing over a session (50–12.5%). During testing, activity of BLA→NAc inputs were suppressed with 4- to 7-s pulses of light delivered via optic fibers into the NAc during discrete task events: prior to choice or after choice outcomes. Inhibition prior to choice reduced selection of the preferred option, suggesting that during deliberation, BLA→NAc activity biases choice towards preferred rewards. Inhibition during reward omissions increased risky choice during the low-probability block, indicating that activity after non-rewarded actions serves to modify subsequent choice. In contrast, silencing during rewarded outcomes did not reliably affect choice. These data demonstrate how patterns of activity in BLA→NAc circuitry convey different types of information that guide action selection in situations involving reward uncertainty.
Layer 3 Dynamically Coordinates Columnar Activity According to Spatial Context
Authors: Plomp Gijs , Larderet Ivan , Fiorini Matilde , Busse Laura
Published: November 2018

To reduce statistical redundancy of natural inputs and increase the sparseness of coding, neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) show tuning for stimulus size and surround suppression. This integration of spatial information is a fundamental, context-dependent neural operation involving extensive neural circuits that span across all cortical layers of a V1 column, and reflects both feedforward and feedback processing. However, how spatial integration is dynamically coordinated across cortical layers remains poorly understood. We recorded single- and multiunit activity and local field potentials across V1 layers of awake mice (both sexes) while they viewed stimuli of varying size and used dynamic Bayesian model comparisons to identify when laminar activity and interlaminar functional interactions showed surround suppression, the hallmark of spatial integration. We found that surround suppression is strongest in layer 3 (L3) and L4 activity, where suppression is established within ∼10 ms after response onset, and receptive fields dynamically sharpen while suppression strength increases. Importantly, we also found that specific directed functional connections were strongest for intermediate stimulus sizes and suppressed for larger ones, particularly for connections from L3 targeting L5 and L1. Together, the results shed light on the different functional roles of cortical layers in spatial integration and on how L3 dynamically coordinates activity across a cortical column depending on spatial context.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in primary visual cortex (V1) show tuning for stimulus size, where responses to stimuli exceeding the receptive field can be suppressed (surround suppression). We demonstrate that functional connectivity between V1 layers can also have a surround-suppressed profile. A particularly prominent role seems to have layer 3, the functional connections to layers 5 and 1 of which are strongest for stimuli of optimal size and decreased for large stimuli. Our results therefore point toward a key role of layer 3 in coordinating activity across the cortical column according to spatial context.
Changing Tastes? The Evolution of Dining Out in England
Authors: Warde Alan
Published: November 2018

This article, based on “Changing Tastes: The Effects of Eating Out,” the Annual Distinguished Lecture at SOAS Food Studies Centre given on March 21, 2018, focuses on change and continuity in the practice of dining out in England between 1995 and 2015. After briefly describing a restudy in three cities—Bristol, London, and Preston—the article investigates two tendencies that have progressed over the twenty-year period: familiarization and diversification. Dining out has become more common but at the same time variety has increased, allowing the expression of taste in the form of cultural omnivorousness. Behind these patterns can be found a small number of principles which steer the practice of dining out, ones shared almost universally but observed in different ways and to different degrees by sections of the population. Cohort, class, ethnicity, and location are important sources of differentiation, but almost everyone is subject to and influenced by similar imperatives to experience variety, feel comfortable, and display adequate practical knowledge. It is concluded that the rate of change has been relatively slow and that major current trends have been in train since the 1970s.
Productivism, Agroecology, and the Challenge of Feeding the World
Authors: Sampson Devon
Published: November 2018

Among all of the possible approaches to reducing hunger in the world, efforts to increase agricultural productivity dominate in development institutions and large philanthropies. In this productivist paradigm, the function of agriculture is narrow, and further investments in industrial agriculture are the greatest need. This view clashes with the intricate diversity and multiple functions of farms and gardens in Yucatan, Mexico. Agroecosystems there are spectacularly diverse. Besides providing many products to eat and sell, those farms are uniquely well suited to feed households in the increasingly erratic weather of Yucatan, where droughts and storms often wipe out certain crops. In a diverse garden, there is nearly always something to eat. There is little evidence that increasing agricultural production alone promotes food security, and there are many instances in which the drive for productivity has exacerbated hunger. In this article, I investigate why productivism has dominated development policy and discourse for so long.
Perturbations of Transcription and Gene Expression-Associated Processes Alter Distribution of Cell Size Values inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Maitra Nairita , Anandhakumar Jayamani , Blank Heidi M , Kaplan Craig D , Polymenis Michael
Published: November 2018

The question of what determines whether cells are big or small has been the focus of many studies because it is thought that such determinants underpin the coupling of cell growth with cell division. In contrast, what determines the overall pattern of how cell size is distributed within a population of wild type or mutant cells has received little attention. Knowing how cell size varies around a characteristic pattern could shed light on the processes that generate such a pattern and provide a criterion to identify its genetic basis. Here, we show that cell size values of wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells fit a gamma distribution, in haploid and diploid cells, and under different growth conditions. To identify genes that influence this pattern, we analyzed the cell size distributions of all single-gene deletion strains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that yeast strains which deviate the most from the gamma distribution are enriched for those lacking gene products functioning in gene expression, especially those in transcription or transcription-linked processes. We also show that cell size is increased in mutants carrying altered activity substitutions in Rpo21p/Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Lastly, the size distribution of cells carrying extreme altered activity Pol II substitutions deviated from the expected gamma distribution. Our results are consistent with the idea that genetic defects in widely acting transcription factors or Pol II itself compromise both cell size homeostasis and how the size of individual cells is distributed in a population.
Diverse Lineages ofCandida albicansLive on Old Oaks
Authors: Bensasson Douda , Dicks Jo , Ludwig John M , Bond Christopher J , Elliston Adam , Roberts Ian N , James Stephen A
Published: November 2018

Most humans are inhabited by the yeast Candida albicans at some point. While largely harmless, it is the most common cause of yeast infections. Though previously unclear whether the yeast can live outside of warm-blooded animals, Bensasson et al.....

The human pathogen Candida albicans is considered an obligate commensal of animals, yet it is occasionally isolated from trees, shrubs, and grass. We generated genome sequence data for three strains of C. albicans that we isolated from oak trees in an ancient wood pasture, and compared these to the genomes of over 200 clinical strains. C. albicans strains from oak are similar to clinical C. albicans in that they are predominantly diploid and can become homozygous at the mating locus through whole-chromosome loss of heterozygosity. Oak strains differed from clinical strains in showing slightly higher levels of heterozygosity genome-wide. Using phylogenomic analyses and in silico chromosome painting, we show that each oak strain is more closely related to strains from humans and other animals than to strains from other oaks. The high genetic diversity of C. albicans from old oaks shows that they can live in this environment for extended periods of time.
Awareness and Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus Among School Teaching Staff in Taif City
Authors: Almalki Ziyad Atiah , Almarzoqi Ghasham Salem , Assery Mohannad Solaiman , Alzahrani Talal Abdullah , Alharthi Nawaf Hamed , Alosaimi Saud Mosfer , Alosaimi Nawaf Saeed , Alkahtani Fahad Mohammed , Althobaiti Waleed Ali , Almalki Abdulrahman Ghurmullah
Published: November 2018

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases, usually appears during childhood or adolescence; however, it can also develop in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about diabetes among teaching staff in Taif province of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, was conducted in Taif. Our study involved 50.5% males and 49.5% were females. The age of participants ranged from less than 30 years old to more than 50 years old. Our results showed that the majority of teaching staff in our sample study are aware of diabetes and how to deal in case of low blood glucose levels. However, the knowledge of causes, symptoms, risk factors, complications of diabetes, and signs of low blood glucose level were not as high as expected. Therefore, training is required for the teaching staff as more than half of our sample study had taught a diabetic child.
Dynamics in a delayed diffusive cell cycle model
Authors: Wang Yanqin , Yang Ling , Yan Jie
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we construct a delayed diffusive model to explore the spatial dynamics of cell cycle in G2/M transition. We first obtain the local stability of the unique positive equilibrium for this model, which is irrelevant to the diffusion. Then, through investigating the delay-induced Hopf bifurcation in this model, we establish the existence of spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous bifurcating periodic solutions. Applying the normal form and center manifold theorem of functional partial differential equations, we also determine the stability and direction of these bifurcating periodic solutions. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to validate our theoretical results.
The effect of delayed feedback on the dynamics of an autocatalysis reaction–diffusion system
Authors: Wei Xin , Wei Junjie
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with an arbitrary-order autocatalysis model with delayed feedback subject to Neumann boundary conditions. We perform a detailed analysis about the effect of the delayed feedback on the stability of the positive equilibrium of the system. By analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues, the existence of Hopf bifurcation is obtained. Then we derive an algorithm for determining the direction and stability of the bifurcation by computing the normal form on the center manifold. Moreover, some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the analytical results. Our studies show that the delayed feedback not only breaks the stability of the positive equilibrium of the system and results in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, but also breaks the stability of the spatial inhomogeneous periodic solutions. In addition, the delayed feedback also makes the unstable equilibrium become stable under certain conditions.
Eigenvalue problems for fractional differential equations with mixed derivatives and generalized p-Laplacian
Authors: Wang Yupin , Liu Shutang , Han Zhenlai
Published: November 2018

This paper reports the investigation of eigenvalue problems for two classes of nonlinear fractional differential equations with generalized p-Laplacian operator involving both Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives and Caputo fractional derivatives. By means of fixed point theorem on cones, some sufficient conditions are derived for the existence, multiplicity and nonexistence of positive solutions to the boundary value problems. Finally, an example is presented to further verify the correctness of the main theoretical results and illustrate the wide range of their potential applications.
Modelos matemáticos de parámetros reológicos y su influencia en el sistema de bombeo de fluidos no newtonianos
Authors: Hernández Ramírez Gabriel , Legra Lobaina Aristides , Rojas Hidalgo Liliana , Ramírez Serrano Beatriz , Mariño Pérez Armin
Published: November 2018

En la presente investigación se realizó un estudio de la influencia de los parámetros reológicos de las hidromezclas lateríticas con los parámetros energéticos de los sistemas de bombeo que garantizan la productividad en la obtención de sulfuro de níquel. A partir de estudios experimentales como técnicas de difracción de rayos-X, fluorescencia de rayos-X y análisis de tamaño de partículas se modelaron los comportamientos de la viscosidad aparente, el esfuerzo cortante inicial, el índice de consistencia másica y el índice de flujo. Lo anterior, en función de los siguientes factores: temperatura, contenido de sólidos, composición química y granulométrica. Los resultados evidenciaron que las suspensiones lateríticas se comportan como flujos no newtonianos con plasticidad, debido a su carácter de materiales polidispersos, con un predominio de granulometría fina (partículas menores de 0,045 mm). Esto explica sus comportamientos reológicos, ajustables al modelo de Bulkley – Herschel a valores de temperatura de 28 a 90 °C y concentración de sólidos de 37 a 48% (p/p). Se concluye que el uso de un modelo matemático que relaciona los parámetros reológicos de la pulpa laterítica y los parámetros energéticos del sistema de bombeo contribuye con la eficiencia energética de la alimentación de la pulpa requerida en el proceso de lixiviación ácida.
Adsorción-desorción de diurón y ametrina en suelos de Colombia y España
Authors: Peña Martínez Yetmy Rocío , Martínez María José , Guerrero Dallos Jairo Arturo
Published: November 2018

Aunque en la actualidad existe una gran preocupación por la contaminación y los posibles efectos sobre la salud que genera el uso frecuente de herbicidas, los estudios ambientales en los países tropicales son escasos, especialmente en Colombia. Por tanto, en el presente trabajo se evaluó la adsorción-desorción de diurón y ametrina en un suelo de Colombia (SC) y de España (SE). Los ensayos de adsorción-desorción se realizaron con moléculas de los herbicidas marcados con 14C, empleando la técnica batch equilibrium. En ambos suelos y para ambos herbicidas hubo un buen ajuste a las isotermas de Freundlich con R2 mayores a 0,99. Para diurón, en SE (Kfa = 12,82 ± 1,23) hubo mayor poder de adsorción frente a SC (4,56 ± 0,26). Por el contrario, para la ametrina se encontró un valor de Kfa = 6,47 ± 0,25 en SC y de 3,05 ± 0,08 en SE, mostrando mayor interacción con SC en comparación con SE. Para diurón se observó un grado de histéresis mayor en SC y para ametrina en SE, mostrando que la interacción de los dos herbicidas con los componentes de cada suelo es diferente dependiendo de su constitución mineralógica y su valor de pH.
Desarrollo de un método analítico de preparación de muestras de alimentos para determinar óxidos de colesterol (COP) mediante cromatografía
Authors: Figueroa Macca Mercedes , Lozada Castro Juan José
Published: November 2018

Las transformaciones surgidas durante los procesos de limpieza de los alimentos grasos para determinar productos de oxidación de colesterol (COP) limitan los resultados reales en un estudio. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los COP obtenidos por distintos métodos de extracción: fase sólida (SPE) y cromatografía líquida en fase normal y reversa, comparando sus perfiles de elución. Adicionalmente, se tuvo como objetivo optimizar los procesos de limpieza para reducir las transformaciones de COP. Se usaron muestras de lomo de cerdo crudo, jamón serrano y salmón ahumado. Las transformaciones de COP se determinaron por SPE y GC–FID y se optimizaron los métodos de limpieza con la técnica SPE. Los cartuchos apolares no mostraron transformación de COP durante el tratamiento de muestras y los cambios de pH generaron transformaciones del triol a 6 ceto epóxido. Debido a que la limpieza del cartucho suele ser deficiente y genera coelución de compuestos indeseables (ácidos grasos) implicados en la transformación de epóxidos α y β en triol, estas transformaciones se evitaron con la técnica SPE, uso de cartuchos C18, con ajuste del volumen de elución de MeOH y ajustes del pH. La reducción de los pasos de la limpieza de muestras optimizó el proceso en un 73%.
Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue for sensing grafted and non-grafted watermelon taste attributes
Authors: Fekete D. , Balázs G. , Bőhm V. , Várvölgyi E. , Kappel N.
Published: November 2018

The objective of our study was to analyse the results of two measuring methods (sensory evaluation and electronic tongue) and to find differences in taste between grafted and non-grafted watermelon fruit. The trained sensory panel evaluated in two years three differently treated watermelon fruit. The studied fruit samples were produced on the same growing-areas in both years but with different growing technologies. The experiment used the non-grafted/self-rooted watermelon as control sample, while the other two treatments were grafting on two rootstock types: a Lagenaria and an interspecific squash hybrid rootstock. The electronic tongue measurement showed that it is the environment/growing technology that mainly determines the characteristics of the fruit quality, not grafting. The two measurement methods can complement each other in a detailed and practical way, as technology and growing area strongly influence the quality of watermelon fruit. The research also showed that it is possible to have similar watermelon fruit quality, independently from the used rootstock type.
Fermented pumpkin-based beverage inhibits key enzymes of carbohydrate digesting and extenuates postprandial hyperglycemia in type-2 diabetic rats
Authors: Koh W.Y. , Uthumporn U. , Rosma A. , Yuen K.H.
Published: November 2018

A novel functional pumpkin-based beverage fermented by Lactobacillus mali K8 (FPJ) was produced. FPJ possessed higher ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 270.76 μM TE/100 ml) and radical scavenging activity (RSA‒IC50, 7.56 mg ml‒1) compared with non-inoculated control (PJ) (102.99 μM TE/100 ml and IC50 52.78 mg ml‒1). Up to an IC50 of 23.71 and 5.27 mg ml‒1 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions were demonstrated by FPJ, close to that of acarbose (IC50 4.86 and 0.048 mg ml‒1, respectively). Oral administration of FPJ significantly lowered post-meal blood glucose levels in low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet-treated rat – a reduction of incremental areas under the curve 2334 versus 2689 mmol min l‒1. Thus, it may open new dietary measure in managing postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Microwave steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis of vine-branch
Authors: Kapcsándi V. , Neményi M. , Lakatos E.
Published: November 2018

Our research target was to utilise vine-branch, existing in huge amounts, for energetic purposes. During our experiments, microwave (MW) treatments of different powers (400–1600 W), pressures (1–5 bar), temperatures (120–180 °C), and treatment times (3–30 min) were applied to change the physical condition of vine-branch. After MW, enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) was used (85–100 h, 37 °C). In addition, beside MW, comparisons were made regarding various treatment methods: untreated (UTE), cooking plate (CP), and autoclave (AC), to determine to what extent they affect the final glucose yield. This yield can even further be increased by MW pre-treatment (50 W, 3–30 min, 40 °C) of the enzyme used during the hydrolysis, which reinforces the argument that enzyme activity can be increased by irradiation. A difference of 22.1% was detected among the glucose yield values in untreated and treated enzyme processes.
Phenolics and enzymes of phenol metabolism in ‘Seedless’ and ‘Calcuttia’ cultivars of litchi grown in North India
Authors: Kaur C. , Sharma S. , Navprem S.
Published: November 2018

Present investigation reports the variability in phenolics and activities of some enzymes involved in their metabolism in pericarp tissue of ‘Calcuttia’ and ‘Seedless’ cultivars harvested at one week interval after fruit set. Total phenolics, flavonols, and phenolic acid contents in litchi fruit pericarp increased after 49 days following fruit set (DAFS), while proanthocyanins showed a small increment initially and then decreased significantly up to maturity. Polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase activities followed the similar trend as observed in phenolic content at respective developmental stages, while peroxidase activity in pericarp was low at initial stages and increased gradually with fruit development. Higher phenolic content with low polyphenol oxidase activity in pericarp during initial stages of fruit development in ‘Seedless’ as compared to ‘Calcuttia’ cultivar suggests the slow ripening. A negative correlation between anthocyanin content and anthocyanase activity was recorded. Total phenolic constituents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity showed positive correlation with higher values of these parameters in ‘Seedless’ as compared to ‘Calcuttia’ cultivar. Knowing the phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity, and activity of related enzymes during fruit development gives the insights into its potential application to reduce the post-harvest browning of litchi.
Performance study and evaluation of a solar PV testbed system using LabVIEW
Authors: Farooq A. , Aftab R.
Published: November 2018

The world is running out of the oil and natural resources with each passing day. Most of the electricity around the world is generated using natural resources. E-governments are trying to move the electricity production from natural resources to hydro and solar generation. For the places such as in the Middle East and deserted areas in Sindh district of Pakistan, where water resources are low and solar is superlative for generating electrical energy. The objective of this research is to implement, model, design and simulate the Photovoltaic Solar Monitoring (PVSM) systems. The simulation for the system is implemented on LabVIEW software and tests are carried out for certain values of input. All the details, expected outcomes, problems, and results are part of this research.

The scope of this research is to obtain the results using real-time simulations performed in LabVIEW. The simulation performed in LabVIEW mimics the implementation of the advanced automation and control system technique Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). The objective of this research work is to perform the essential simulation that is required to investigate current products for PV factors monitoring that influence solar panels efficiency. The goals are: to design and to develop a system for monitoring the PV solar systems using LabVIEW, to simulate the performance of PV solar system using the theoretical methods, to monitor system by means of LabVIEW and to show theoretical effects in the method of the curve of PV performance parameters. Implementing the interfacing technique at home level to monitor the local solar parameters helps in utilizing the solar generated energy in an efficient way. Analysis in LabVIEW helps in studying the parametric condition of the environment where solar is required to be installed.
The invasive snail Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) in the lower basin of the Sinú River, Córdoba, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Quirós-Rodríguez Jorge A. , Yepes-Escobar Juan , Santafé-Patiño Gilmar
Published: November 2018

We record the invasive thiarid snail Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) for the first time in the lower basin of the Sinú River, Córdoba, Colombia. We counted 2,892 individuals and collected 38 specimens at 4 localities in the basin. The introduction of this species is suspected to have occurred in different ways, but human transport and the aquarium trade are the most probable pathways. The presence of this species in the Sinú River is especially important because of its potential spread to other river basins in the region.
Psenulus pallipes (Panzer, 1798), an adventive wasp species (Apoidea, Crabronidae) newly recorded in the fauna of Chile
Authors: Rosa Brunno B. , Melo Gabriel A. R.
Published: November 2018

We document the presence of the Palearctic Psenulus pallipes (Panzer, 1798) in Chile for the first time. We believe this represents an adventive population introduced into the Neotropical region most likely by accidental human transportation of nests. A map of distribution in Chile, illustrations of external morphology, and a discussion of morphological features to distinguish the introduced taxon from the Neotropical species are presented.
Los modelos logísticos como herramientas para la construcción de la eficiencia empresarial
Authors: Norman Acevedo Eduardo , Mora Ramírez Angela Julieta
Published: November 2018

Mediante una vigilancia de literatura, buscamos definir la aparición de la globalización tecnológica, lo cual hace necesario adoptar buenas prácticas empresariales que permitan a las empresas alcanzar mejores resultados y mayores índices de eficiencia para los diferentes grupos de interés. En este artículo, se propone metodológicamente un análisis de literatura, con el fin de revisar las tendencias en la cadena de valor y la logística administrativa partiendo de propuestas de logística como justo a tiempo, la cual requiere una actualización al contexto global. Los hallazgos de este artículo podrían dar luces a factores clave para el éxito empresarial. La mayor parte de los artículos consultados coinciden en que, al enfrentar los retos impuestos por la globalización, el posicionamiento de las empresas puede ser aprovechado para lograr una ventaja competitiva.
Zika: an ongoing threat to women and infants
Authors: Santos Beatriz Macedo Coimbra dos , Coelho Flavio Codeço , Armstrong Margaret , Saraceni Valeria , Lemos Cristina
Published: November 2018

Recent data from the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, shows a sharp drop in the number of reported occurrences of Zika during the summer of 2016/2017, compared to the previous summer. There is still a much higher incidence among women than men, almost certainly due to sexual transmission. An unexpected feature of the new data is that there are proportionally far more cases affecting children under 15 months than older age classes. By comparing incidence rates in 2016/2017 and 2015/2016, we were able to deduce the proportion of reported cases affecting men and women, and verify that gender disparity is still present. Women and children are still risk groups for Zika infection, even during non-epidemic seasons.
Evolução da notificação de violência sexual no Brasil de 2009 a 2013
Authors: Gaspar Renato Simões , Pereira Marina Uchoa Lopes
Published: November 2018

O objetivo foi analisar a evolução das notificações de violência sexual no Brasil entre 2009 e 2013, dando especial enfoque ao estupro. Realizou-se um estudo observacional de série temporal, analisando dados entre 2009 e 2013, provenientes do banco de dados secundários coletados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A variável independente referiu-se ao número de notificações de violência sexual entre 2009 e 2013, sendo esta comparada a diversas variáveis sociodemográficas, de violência e de saúde. Os dados foram analisados por modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten, determinando as variações como estável, crescente ou decrescente pela análise do coeficiente de determinação (R2 de Pearson) e nível de significância (p < 0,05). As notificações de violência sexual tiveram maior variação positiva em: 10-19 anos (364%), indígenas (520%), da Região Sul (414%), sexo feminino (331%) e baixa escolaridade (343%). Mais de 70% das notificações foram estupros, enquanto um terço foi casos de repetição, com decréscimo de notificações acompanhadas de espancamento. As características do agressor mantiveram-se estáveis. O local de ocorrência modificou-se, com menos casos ocorridos em via pública. Por fim, a taxa de notificação estupro aumentou em 590%, com tendência semelhante aos estupros dentro de casa e aumento da resolutividade dos atendimentos. O presente estudo evidencia o perfil sociodemográfico das vítimas de violência sexual notificadas no Brasil e o aumento da notificação de estupros atrelado aos casos em domicílio. Ainda, houve aumento da resolutividade das notificações.
A aplicação do modelo FPSEEA no gerenciamento de resíduos de serviço de saúde
Authors: Stedile Nilva Lúcia Rech , Schneider Vania Elisabete , Nunes Monique Walltrick , Kappes Adriane Carine
Published: November 2018

Resumo Para compreender a complexa relação entre o campo ambiental e o da saúde é indispensável o uso de indicadores. Para propor os de Saúde Ambiental, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda um Modelo proposto pela OMS. Este, denominado Modelo FPSEEA, é composto pelos elementos: Força Motriz, Pressão, Situação, Exposição, Efeito, Ações. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a aplicação deste Modelo no Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde (RSS). Trata-se de pesquisa documental utilizando duas fontes de dados: a) relatórios técnicos de pesquisas sobre RSS dos últimos 15 anos (ambulatorial, odontológico, hospitalar, veterinário, universitário e de UBS) na Universidade de Caxias do Sul; b) Manual do MS “Saúde Ambiental: guia básico para construção de indicadores”. Os resultados evidenciam que o Modelo é relevante por permitir analisar determinado contexto, propor indicadores e definir ações específicas para, no caso deste estudo, monitorar e aprimorar formas de manejo dos RSS. Evidenciam, ainda, que o modelo proposto constitui uma importante ferramenta de análise, tanto na MWM, como no planejamento de ações que minimizem os riscos, especialmente biológicos e químicos, resultando em saúde e proteção do ambiente.
Relação entre percepção sobre serviços odontológicos e condições de Saúde Bucal em hipertensos e diabéticos
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo José Pereira , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Pereira Alessandro Aparecido
Published: November 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a percepção sobre os serviços odontológicos e a saúde bucal numa população de hipertensos e diabéticos adscritos à Estratégia Saúde da Família em Alfenas, MG, Brasil. Estudo domiciliar, descritivo-analítico, com amostra randomizada e estratificada, composta por 186 sujeitos. Aplicaram-se os índices: Dentes Cariados, Perdidos e Obturados (CPOD); Índice de Dentes Funcionais (FS-T); Índice de Cuidados Odontológicos (ICO); Avaliação do uso e necessidade de próteses; Questionário de Avaliação da Saúde Bucal na Atenção Primária (ASBAP-usuário). Observou-se predomínio de mulheres (67,74%), hipertensos não diabéticos (58,60%) e idosos (52,69%) idade média de 64,26 (± 12,22) anos. Registrou-se CPOD = 27,00 (± 6,24); FS-T=8,94 (± 10,28); ICO=19,42 (± 26,80); 39,78% de uso de próteses parciais, 56,45% de próteses totais e necessidades de 36,02% de próteses parciais e 28,49% de próteses totais. No ASBAP-usuário, prevaleceram avaliações positivas dos serviços. A Saúde Bucal mostrou-se melhor entre os sujeitos que relataram bom vínculo com o dentista e pior entre os que consideraram bons os equipamentos utilizados nos Serviços, sendo ainda pontos críticos: acesso, rapidez e comunicação profissional-paciente.
Análise da preferência digital de idade no sistema de farmacovigilância do Brasil, 2008-2013
Authors: Mota Daniel Marques , Vigo Álvaro , Kuchenbecker Ricardo de Souza
Published: November 2018

Resumo Analisar a preferência digital na variável “idade” da base de dados de casos de eventos adversos a medicamentos notificados entre 2008 e 2013 no sistema de farmacovigilância do Brasil. A base de dados foi analisada em três etapas: 1) exploração inicial; 2) padronização de variáveis; e 3) manejo dos registros repetidos. A preferência digital da variável “idade”, segundo sexo e regiões agrupadas do país, foi determinada usando os métodos de Whipple e Myers e medida, também, pelo teste de aderência baseado na estatística χ2 ao nível de 5% de significância.Predominou a população feminina (60,3%), perfazendo uma razão feminino/masculino de 1,5:1 e com maioria feminina em oito das 12 faixas etárias estudadas.Ao longo do período analisado não foi observado qualquer preferência de dígito terminal na variável “idade”. As idades registradas nas notificações parecem não demonstrar imprecisão e, por conseguinte, esta informação pode ser interpretada como de qualidade não duvidosa. Tais resultados apontam para um bom desempenho na coleta de dados e informações relacionados à variável “idade” do sistema de farmacovigilância do Brasil.
Riesgo de muerte por suicidio en población Colombiana 2000-2013
Authors: Rodríguez-Hernández Jorge Martín , Rocha-Buelvas Anderson , Mendieta-Izquierdo Giovane , Hidalgo-Troya Arsenio
Published: November 2018

Resumen Analizar el riesgo de muerte por suicidio en Colombia, a partir de covariables sexo, grupo etario, año, región y/o departamento de 2000 a 2013. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de muertes por suicidio y proyecciones poblacionales del DANE. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y analítico. De 2000 a 2013, se establecieron las tendencias anuales de muertes por suicidio por covariables mediante modelación y se recogieron estimaciones de riegos Se utilizó el modelo de regresión de Poisson (MRP). Se emplearon IRR según el MRP con nivel de significancia (P < 0,05). Los colombianos entre los años 2000-2013, de sexo masculino, de 15 a 34 años, de las regiones Central y Oriental y de los Departamentos de Vaupés, Huila y Quindío fueron los que mayor riesgo tuvieron de morir por suicidio. La tasa de suicidios fue levemente decreciente conforme pasaron los años. El mayor riesgo de suicidio ocurrió en hombres en edad productiva, adultos mayores y en regiones poco desarrolladas. Colombia requiere una política de salud mental que implemente estrategias de atención primaria, promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, orientadas a fomentar la calidad de vida, detección de ideación suicida, tratamiento y rehabilitación a estas personas desde el enfoque de derechos y atención integral.
Tendência e causa múltipla de óbito por insuficiência renal crônica em município da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Amaral Thatiana Lameira Maciel , Amaral Cledir de Araújo , Miranda Filho Adalberto Luiz , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego
Published: November 2018

Resumo O presente estudo buscou observar a tendência de mortalidade por insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) e verificar as causas básicas e associadas na capital do Acre, Amazônia brasileira. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo ecológico com dados de óbitos por IRC do DATASUS ocorridos entre 1986 e 2012, em ambos os sexos de residentes em Rio Branco, Acre. Estimou-se a variação anual percentual (Estimated Annual Percentage Chance – EAPC) com a técnica de regressão log-linear de Poisson do programa Joinpoint. Os resultados demonstraram que as taxas de mortalidade ajustadas da IRC com correção variaram de 15,4 por 100.000 hab., em 1986, para 4,0 por 100.000 hab., em 2012. A EAPC foi de -3,5%, de 1986 a 2012. Os óbitos pela IRC apresentaram como causas associadas às doenças respiratórias, pneumonia e edema pulmonar, às septicemias e aos sinais e sintomas mal definidos. Quando analisada a IRC como causa associada, as principais causas básicas do óbito foram as doenças hipertensivas e o diabetes. Assim, houve redução da mortalidade por insuficiência renal crônica como causa básica no período observado, contudo medidas de prevenção e assistência em saúde devem ser mantidas.
Ecotoxicological risk assessment due to the presence of bisphenol A and caffeine in surface waters in the Sinos River Basin - Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil
Authors: Peteffi G. P. , Fleck J. D. , Kael I. M. , Rosa D. C. , Antunes M. V. , Linden R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an emerging contaminant, regularly detected in aquatic ecosystems, considered as an endocrine disrupting compound (EDC). Caffeine is another chemical related to human activity, often found in surface waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological risk due to BPA and caffeine in water samples from the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Water samples were collected at three sites monthly from May 9 th, 2016 to April 11th, 2017 (n = 36). BPA concentrations in water samples collected were in the range of not detected to 517 ng L-1 and caffeine concentrations in the range of 41.7 to 28,439.6 ng L-1. The concentration of BPA in the analyzed samples had a moderate correlation with caffeine (rs = 0.402). High ecotoxicological risk for BPA was characterized in 77.77% of samples, with 11.11% presenting medium and 11.1% presenting low risk. For caffeine 13.9%, 50% and 36.11% of the samples presented high, medium and low risk, respectively. Caffeine concentrations in water can be used as predictors of BPA concentrations above 10 ng L-1, the lower concentration of ecotoxicological risk, with specificity of 66.7% and sensitivity of 70.4%. The assessment of aquatic risks has shown that both investigated compounds pose risks to organisms in the studied surface waters, mouth of the Pampa stream, mouth of the Luiz Rau stream and catchment point for public supply in Lomba Grande.
Efeitos do banho prévio, da tricotomia e da antissepsia na redução da contaminação do sítio cirúrgico em cadelas submetidas à OSH eletiva
Authors: Medeiros Lylian K.G. , Rego Renato O. , Silva Meire Maria da , Henrique Fernanda V. , Oliveira Kalyne D.S. , G. Júnior Felício , Sousa Almir P. , Nóbrega Neto Pedro I.
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influencia do banho 24 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico e da tricotomia pré-operatória na redução da contagem microbiana da pele do campo operatório, bem como a eficiência antisséptica do gluconato de clorexidina 0,5% e da polivinilpirrolidona iodada 10% para antissepsia do sítio cirúrgico, verificando sua ação 4 minutos e 2 horas após aplicação. Utilizaram-se 20 cadelas hígidas, alocadas ao acaso em 2 grupos de 10 animais: os animais do Grupo I foram submetidos ao banho 24 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico, enquanto os do Grupo II não passaram por este procedimento. Foram isolados diversos gêneros bacterianos antes e após o uso dos antissépticos. Significância estatística foi verificada entre os grupos quanto ao efeito do banho prévio à cirurgia, apenas 2 horas após a aplicação de clorexidina. A tricotomia reduziu 26,48% da carga microbiana nos animais do Grupo I e elevou a carga microbiana em 41,19% nos animais do Grupo II, revelando diferença estatística. Após o uso dos antissépticos, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos em nenhum momento. Do mesmo modo, a comparação da eficiência dos antissépticos com ou sem banho, não revelou significância estatística. A polivinilpirrolidona iodada causou reação alérgica em 15% dos animais e não foi observada irritação cutânea causada pela clorexidina. Conclui-se que o banho prévio tem efeito na redução da carga bacteriana apenas após 2 horas de antissepsia com clorexidina; a tricotomia é mais eficaz na redução microbiana quando o animal é submetido ao banho e os dois antissépticos são igualmente eficazes na antissepsia cirúrgica por até 2 horas quer o animal tome banho ou não previamente à cirurgia.
Avaliação comparativa de dosagem do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas hígidas ou com neoplasia mamária
Authors: Roberto Gabriela B. , Ziliotto Liane , Seki Meire Christina
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: O antígeno CA 15-3 é uma proteína presente no soro utilizado no acompanhamento de mulheres com câncer de mama, essencialmente na detecção de metástases. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a efetividade e a viabilidade da utilização do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 em cadelas, comparando-se os valores do marcador entre cadelas sem e com neoplasia mamária, avaliando-se alterações nos valores do marcador após a mastectomia, e suas correlações entre o tipo histológico. Foi realizada a quantificação sérica do marcador tumoral CA 15-3 (teste de eletroquimioluminescência), em vinte cadelas hígidas (grupo controle) e vinte cadelas com neoplasia mamária (grupo teste). Os animais com neoplasia tiveram a dosagem do marcador realizada antes e 10 dias após a mastectomia. Ainda, foi realiza a citologia vaginal no momento da mastectomia e foram estabelecidos três grupos de acordo com a fase estral de cada cadela, Diestro, Proestro e Anestro. As massas tumorais foram encaminhadas para exame histopatológico. A avaliação dos dados de citologia vaginal entre os grupos Diestro, Proestro e Anestro pelo teste de ANOVA não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa entre os valores encontrados. E na análise para a comparação dos valores do marcador tumoral com os tipos histológicos de neoplasias, divididas em dois grupos, benignas e malignas, utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, o teste não demonstrou diferença estatística significativa visto que p>0,05. Os valores encontrados do marcador no grupo controle foram uma média de 0,19+0,39 U/mL, no grupo pré-mastectomia 1,56+0,39 U/mL e pós-mastectomia 0,66+0,27 U/mL. Em análise estatística com a comparação de grupo pré e pós-mastectomia, e do grupo controle com o grupo pré e pós-mastectomia observou-se significância com p< 0,005. Assim, observou-se diferença nos valores do marcador antes e depois da remoção cirúrgica da neoplasia, sugerindo seu possível uso como controle de crescimento tumoral pós-mastectomia individual. Porém há muita variação dos resultados nos diferentes métodos existentes, e não há ainda um padrão dos valores de referência para cada método, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre o uso dos marcadores.
Autologous and homologous skin grafts treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP): experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Kemper Bernardo , Brandão Cláudia V.S. , Rossetto Victor J.V. , Gushiken Lucas F.S. , Padovani Carlos R. , Pellizzon Claudia H.
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to compare tissue repair of skin defects in rabbits submitted to autologous and homologous grafts treated or not with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We selected nine rabbits and constituted four groups, designated as G1, in which were performed autologous graft treated with PRP; G2, autologous graft only; G3, homologous graft treated with PRP; and G4, homologous graft only. Macroscopic and histomorphometric evaluation was realized. The histomorphometric evaluation was performed by Hematoxylin/Eosin and Masson´s Trichrome staining with quantification of collagen fibers, macrophages, fibroblasts and vessels. The autologous graft treated with PRP showed positive influence on the early stage of the tissue repair process at the macroscopic evaluation, characterized by rosy color and cosmetic appearance. At the histomorphometric evaluation, there was no statistical difference in the number of macrophages and fibroblasts between the treated grafts or not with the PRP, as well as the quantification of vessels and collagen fibers. It can be concluded that PRP promotes a positive influence on the initial phase or “take” of the graft.
Detection of Listeria spp. in cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms
Authors: Matto Carolina , Varela Gustavo , Braga Valeria , Vico Victoria , Gianneechini Ruben E. , Rivero Rodolfo
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to detect Listeria spp., particularly Listeria monocytogenes, in cattle and environment of pasture based dairy farms in Paysandú, Uruguay. A two-stage sampling was conducted, 10 farms were selected by probability proportional to size. A single visit was made to each farm. Samples from bovine faeces, feedstuffs, bulk tank milk, drinking water and soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour were collected for bacteriological studies. PCR assays were used to confirm species and determine the serotype profile of L. monocytogenes isolates. AscI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was done to genetically compare them. Listeria spp. were isolated from eight of ten dairy farms, whereas L. monocytogenes in three of them. Serotype distribution in L. monocytogenes was as follows: 1/2a, three isolates; 4b, one isolate. L. monocytogenes or L. innocua excreted from clinically healthy milking cows was detected via faeces. In feedstuffs, only one L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolate from a pasture was obtained. The strain was identical by PFGE to an isolate 1/2a obtained from a pool of milking cow feces that grazed on this farm. No isolation of Listeria spp. was retrieved from the bulk tank milk or drinking water from any of the farms. Listeria innocua was detected in 13 feedstuffs and seven samples of soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour. This is a first local study that confirms the presence of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes in healthy cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms. These results suggest the potential role that healthy cattle and their sub-products would play as a source of these agents for humans and/or others animals. More detailed studies that include genetic comparison of human and animal isolates are required in order to clearly establish the epidemiological relationship.