bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of case law regarding the interpretation of the secondary liability standard in U.S. trademark law
Authors: Ćeranić-Perišić Jelena
Published: October 2020

Secondary liability, according to the general rules on liability, is based on the issue of conscientiousness, in other words whether the intermediary knew or should have known that the right was infringed through his service. In U.S. law, the secondary liability standard is a result of case law. This paper presents the evolution of case law regarding the interpretation of secondary liability standard in U.S. trademark law. This standard was announced by the U.S. Supreme Court in Inwood Laboratories Inc. v. Ives Laboratories Inc. regarding the liability of manufacturers and distributors. In the decades that followed, the U.S. Courts, with their creative interpretations, extended the scope of application of this standard, first to intermediary market operators, and later to online service providers (internet intermediaries). Also, the development of digital technology has influenced the case law to adapt the secondary liability standard for trademark infringement to the new circumstances in the digital environment. The most significant cases in this context are Hard Rock Café Licensing v. Concession Services, Inc., Tiffany Inc. v. eBay Inc. and Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google Inc. Finally, 1-800 Contacts, Inc. v. Lens.com, Inc. demonstrates a slight turn of the U.S. Courts' practices towards a more flexible interpretation of secondary liability standard to online service providers.
Disputed claims and mediation in Serbian insolvency law: De lege lata and de lege ferenda
Authors: Lepetić Jelena
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the author analyses the Insolvency Act's provisions on mediation. Firstly, the author points out the existence of a special legal regime for mediation of disputes related to the determination of claims, which differs from the general regime of mediation. Afterwards, the provisions on initiating mediation proceedings are analysed, with the special emphasis on the persons authorized to submit proposal for resolving a dispute in the mediation procedure according to the provisions of the Insolvency Act as well as the role of the creditors' committee in this regard. Then, the author analyses the issue of the duration and termination of mediation, pointing out the inconsistencies of the domestic solution. Furthermore, the issue of the costs of mediation proceedings in connection with insolvency proceedings is addressed shortly. In conclusion, the author advocates the abolition of restrictions on active legitimacy for submitting proposals for resolving disputes through mediation, prescribing additional competencies of the creditors' committee at the final stage of the mediation procedure in relation to the disputed claims in which the insolvency administrator participates, and providing a single regime of mediation for disputes regarding insolvency proceedings resolution.
Application of image analysis for determination of rapeseed dimensions using IoT concept
Authors: Marković Dušan , Koprivica Ranko , Veljković Biljana , Vujičić Dejan , Pešović Uroš , Ranđić Siniša
Published: October 2020

The paper analyzes the geometric characteristics of seeds, uniformity and cross - sectional area of rapeseed, on the basis of which the equivalent diameter was calculated. Knowing the dimensions of seeds is important in seed production from sowing, harvesting, processing, and storage, to seed packaging. Manual determination of the dimensions of seeds is a rather slow process, so the aim of this work was to show a computer-aided device that contains a camera and can take seed samples, while determining the dimensions of seeds by program image analysis. Presented device is realized in accordance with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) so it has the ability to connect to the Internet and forward the image, or in another variant can directly perform the image analysis and further forward the results only. The purpose of the presented system for determining the size of seeds is providing a fast and efficient way for users to get the first results that will help them in the implementation of further activities related to working with small seeds.
Professional stressors in prison officers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Paleksić Vesna
Published: October 2020

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the stressors on prison officers' workplace in facilities of closed and semi-open type and their differences and the interconnection between specific sociodemographic variables (sex, age, marital status, exposed working experience, education level) and stressors on workplaces. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 330 prison officers, between 19 and 65 years of age, who have been divided in two groups depending on the security level of the facility (semi-open and close facility type). The research was conducted during 2015, using the following questionnaires: sociodemographic questionnaire, the organisational police stress questionnaire (PSQ.org) and the operational police stress questionnaire (PSQ.op). Results: The results have shown significantly higher load with organisational and operative stress in facilities of closed type (p < 0.001) and that in both groups operative stress sources were slightly more represented than the organisational. The intensity of stress ranged from low to medium. Higher intensity of organisational stress was perceived regarding stressors related to work appreciation, than in regard to sources related to logistic support, while the lowest intensity of stress was in regard to interpersonal relations in the organisation. In closed facilities, divorced prison officers and those who were separated from their families for a longer time have experienced higher stress intensity. Total work experience and age of prison officers had a moderate and mild effect, respecitively, on organisational stressors in higher security facilities. "Fatigue", "traumatic event" and "favouritism" were the most important stressors. Conclusion: The prison officers are exposed to stress of low to medium intensity, the operational stress sources being more represented then organisational. In higher security facilities total work experience and age had an influence on organisational stressors.
Use of microfiltered vs only disaggregated mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in regenerative medicine
Authors: Svolacchia Fabiano , Svolacchia Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

Background: Clinical use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCa) in medicine and regenerative surgery is constantly evolving. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSc) are capable of inducing the production of new extracellular matrix (ECM), deposition of new collagen and early revascularisation. Methods: Flow cytometry was performed for 2 mL of cell colonies harvested from adipose tissue (AT). Comparation has been made of at disaggregated only and the same at disaggregated and microfiltered at 50 mm, 100 mm and 200 mm. Signs of inflammation after dermo-epidermal regeneration session through the mesotherapy method were observed and compared. Results: Even after filtration, significant number of ADSc was collected. An increase in the size of the filter did not always translate into an increase in the number of cells that were found in the microfiltrate. In the non-filtered at disaggregated in both cases, highest number of cells was found, as expected, but at the expense of more pronounced inflammation. Sampling with the 16 Gauge needle produces superior results compared to the cannula in all cases. Conclusion: With this method in medicine and regenerative surgery it will be easier to exploit the growth factors, mRNA, MicroRNA, lipids and bioactive peptides emitted in the MSCa signalling micro-vesicles as they are isolated from the inflammatory component.
Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of impacted maxillary canine in young patient with class II malocclusion: A case report
Authors: Pašagić Ljubica , Ilić Ivana , Kecman Vesna , Bulajić Marko , Zubović Nina , Glišić Branislav
Published: October 2020

The impaction of maxillary canines is one of the biggest challenges in orthodontics practice. This case report describes successful surgical and orthodontic approach to the treatment of palatally impacted maxillary canine in a 14-year-old boy. Intraoral clinical examination revealed an absence of the upper right canine, an ectopic position of the upper left canine and crowding in the maxillary arch. The impaction of right maxillary canine and class II malocclusion were confirmed by lateral cephalogram, orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography. In the first phase, a transpalatal arch to the upper first molar teeth was applied, first premolars were extracted, and brackets were placed on all teeth and nickel-titanium arch wire was applied. The initial orthodontic phase was soon thereafter followed by the surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of the impacted canine using ligature wire attached from the button with chain to the open coil on the arch wire. The orthodontic treatment took two years with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results at the end. This clinical case has shown that adequate treatment of impacted maxillary canine can be achieved by using combined surgical technique and appropriate orthodontic approach.
The impact of employees' commitment on organizational performances
Authors: Đorđević Biljana , Ivanović-Đukić Maja , Lepojević Vinko , Milanović Sandra
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the impact of employees' commitment on the productivity of organizations in the Republic of Serbia. Employees' commitment represents the willingness of employees to make efforts for the benefit of the organization and the desire to remain in them. It can be seen as: affective, continuous and normative commitment. Affective commitment reflects a belief in the goals of an organization and a willingness to actively participate in its development; normative commitment reflects a sense of obligation on employees to remain in the organization while continuing commitment is due to employees' assessment that leaving the organization causes greater costs than benefits. Previous research shows that all types of commitment have a major impact on the performance of organizations. As the number of empirical studies on this topic in Serbia is limited, this paper examines the impact of each type of organizational commitment on the productivity of organizations in Serbia, as well as the impact of the overall commitment. The aim of the paper was to identify the types of organizational commitment that have the greatest impact on the performance of organizations in Serbia and to propose measures to HR managers whose implementation can improve the operations of domestic organizations. The starting point of the paper was that employees' commitment has a statistically significant effect on organizational performance. To verify the validity of this assumption, a primary survey was conducted. 169 employees of 17 organizations in Serbia were surveyed. By applying correlation and regression analysis methods, it has been proven that overall organizational commitment, as well as its certain types, have a positive impact on the productivity of organizations in Serbia, with the impact of normative commitment on performance greater than other types of commitment. At the same time, the contribution of continuous commitment to the performance of organizations in Serbia is negligible (statistically insignificant). In line with the obtained results, recommendations for human resources managers in Serbia are proposed. The theoretical implications of the paper are reflected in filling the gap in the national literature in the field of organizational commitment, while the empirical implications are reflected in the mechanisms and measures that are proposed at the end of the paper.
Strategic management consulting in Hungary
Authors: Schmuck Roland
Published: October 2020

Several Hungarian SMEs are facing problems using management methodologies. The goal of the research is to analyze the Hungarian management consulting market based on two previous Hungarian surveys. Strategic management consulting is one of the most important management consulting topics. The purpose of this research is to understand the Hungarian strategic management consulting market better. Two surveys are compared with each other and the size of the Hungarian strategic consulting market is calculated based on these secondary data. Trends and problems in the industry are also described briefly. The results of this research contribute to better understanding of the developments happening in this industry.
The reliability estimate of throw pedestrian using traditional and computer methods
Authors: Avramović Zoran , Cvijan Milorad , Smailović Emir
Published: October 2020

The development of information technology has created conditions for development and implementation of software for the simulation of traffic accidents. Among large number software tools which are being used in Europe, software PC Crash stand out. In this paper comparative analysis of distance throw of pedestrian using the traditional and contemporary methods was realized. The distance throw of pedestrian using the software PC Crash, depending on the height and weight of pedestrian is showed. By using of statistical methods difference between traditional and contemporary methods was researched.
An efficient energy aware link stable multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks in urban areas
Authors: Eddine Benatia , Smail Omar , Meftah Boudjelal , Rebbah Mohammed , Cousin Bernard
Published: October 2020

Ad Hoc wireless mobile networks are characterized by a lack of central administration and the fact that any element of the network, being very mobile, is susceptible to disappear. In an Ad Hoc network, all the elements must cooperate in order to establish a temporary network to communicate. This communication is affected by the links stability mainly in a restricted environment such as a city and the depletion of the batteries energy of the nodes. These factors degrade the ad hoc networks performance. We propose in this paper a stable routing protocol with weak energy consumption for urban areas in order to improve these performances. The proposed solution is a multipath protocol named ESMRua (Efficient energy aware and Link Stable Multipath Routing Protocol in urban areas). ESMRua uses a path selection scheme based on energy constraint, signal quality and link stability. For the link stability, three calculation variants are used. ESMRua will be designed for realistic mobility, contrary to the main existing protocols which are designed to the random mobility models; these models have unrealistic behaviors such as a brusque acceleration and a sudden stop. Simulation results show that our multipath protocol enhances the performance of the ad hoc networks, mainly in terms of routing overhead, energy consumption and network reliability.
El mercado como objeto de regulación y protección jurídica: El caso de las restricciones verticales a la competencia
Authors: Paredes Castañón José Manuel Paredes
Published: October 2020

Resumen: El artículo intenta elaborar una definición clara y suficiente precisa de la competencia como objeto de protección y de regulación a través del Derecho Penal económico. Para ello, se utilizan las herramientas propias del análisis económico, para dotar de un contenido material lo más concreto posible a dicho concepto, y se aplican dichas herramientas a un caso concreto: el de las restricciones verticales a la competencia. Se propone que, como regla general, aquello que el Derecho ha de proteger en estos casos es la maximización del bienestar social. Se estudian asimismo, no obstante, algunos casos especiales en los que dicha definición no resulta suficiente, proponiéndose para ellos criterios complementarios de definición, que atiendan a necesidades de justicia distributiva y de protección del sistema político frente a los monopolios.
La intervención de dos o más personas en las agresiones sexuales. Estado de la cuestión.
Authors: Faraldo Cabana Patricia
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se estudian los problemas dogmáticos que suscita la intervención de dos o más personas en las agresiones sexuales cualificadas por el acceso carnal o conductas asimiladas, cometidas contra personas mayores de edad: desde la calificación como autores o partícipes de los intervinientes que aplican violencia o intimidación, pero no llevan a cabo el acto de contenido sexual, hasta la apreciación de un concurso real de delitos o de un solo delito continuado, pasando por las condiciones de aplicación de la circunstancia agravante de actuación conjunta. También se incluye un breve comentario de algunas de las últimas resoluciones en casos de violaciones múltiples. Se ofrece, en fin, una visión panorámica de la discusión doctrinal al respecto y de las soluciones aportadas por la jurisprudencia, con el objetivo de permitir una aplicación más razonable y justa de los delitos de agresiones sexuales.
La tutela penal de los animales ante el maltrato: un proceso en transformación
Authors: Cervelló Donderis Vicenta
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se tratan los aspectos más relevantes de la reforma de los delitos de maltrato animal desde la perspectiva de transformación global de los derechos de los animales. Para ello se analiza la nueva estructura del delito, la ampliación del concepto de animal y el endurecimiento de la penalidad. Asímismo se realiza un somero repaso de la jurisprudencia reciente que revela el desarrollo de los elementos típicos y una mayor aplicación práctica.
It’s all about control: el concepto de trabajos forzosos
Authors: Valverde Cano Ana Belén
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se estudia el concepto de trabajos forzosos u obligatorios en el Derecho Internacional, con el objetivo de extraer unos criterios normativos que permitan identificar lo que es –y sobre todo, lo que no es– el trabajo forzoso. Para ello, en primer lugar se argumenta que la definición en vigor continúa siendo la del Convenio No. 29 de la OIT sobre el trabajo forzoso, y a continuación, se analiza y desglosa el significado normativo de la prohibición para determinar el umbral mínimo de las obligaciones de los Estados al respecto, especialmente de aquellos vinculados por la jurisprudencia del TEDH. En particular, se identifica el papel que juega la gravedad de los abusos en la evaluación de la validez del consentimiento, y la función de las “excepciones” del trabajo forzoso en la delimitación del mismo. De este modo, aunque la jurisprudencia de los organismos con competencias al respecto interprete el concepto de una manera contradictoria, puede demostrarse que esta contradicción es más aparente que real. Finalmente, se propone una herramienta que permite identificar los elementos esenciales y no esenciales del trabajo forzoso: el continuum de control. Este criterio pone el énfasis en los elementos de control subyacentes que pueden limitar o impedir consentir válidamente, y nos permite deslindar el concepto de trabajo forzoso de figuras limítrofes como la esclavitud, la servidumbre o la explotación laboral, aportando criterios para la regulación a nivel nacional.
La representación del patrimonio arqueológico en los libros de texto de Educación Primaria: El contexto indígena canario como estudio de caso
Authors: Farrujía de la Rosa A. José , Ascanio Sánchez Carmen , Martín Hernández Ulises , Hernández Gómez Cristo Manuel
Published: October 2020

En este artículo analizamos el tratamiento didáctico que recibe el patrimonio arqueológico canario de la etapa indígena en los libros de texto de Ciencias Sociales de Primaria de Canarias, con un especial foco de atención en la representación de género. A partir de un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, centrado en los libros de texto de cuatro editoriales, en el marco de la LOMCE, nuestra investigación analiza qué se considera patrimonio arqueológico en la enseñanza, cómo y qué se enseña, y cuál es el rol de las mujeres en el contenido educativo y en el hecho histórico. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la reproducción de miradas eurocéntricas, la inexistencia de una definición explícita de los vestigios arqueológicos y, por tanto, del propio concepto de patrimonio, así como el predominio de la hegemonía cultural androcéntrica. Esta realidad presenta claras afinidades con la constatada en otros estudios afines del estado español.

In this article we analyze the didactic approach for the Canarian archaeological heritage from the indigenous period within the Primary textbooks of Social Sciences in the Canary Islands, paying also attention to the representation of gender. From a qualitative and quantitative approach, focused on the textbooks from four different publishers, and within the framework of LOMCE, our research analyzes what is considered archaeological heritage in teaching, how and what is taught, and what is the role of women in the historic fact and in the educational content. The main results show the predominance of the androcentric cultural hegemony, the reproduction of Eurocentric views, the absence of an explicit definition for the archaeological remains and, therefore, for the concept of heritage. This panorama presents clear affinities with the one documented in other parts of Spain.
A. Brilli (2018). El viaje a Oriente, Madrid: A. Machado Libros, 390 págs. ISBN: 9788477748182
Authors: Álvarez García Juan
Published: October 2020

El viaje, entendido como exploración y búsqueda de lo desconocido, puede constituir una de las más apasionantes actividades del historiador. Si contemplamos el trabajo historiográfico desde esta perspectiva, podemos observar los grandes viajes que desarrollaron historiadores cuya obra se encuentra entre las más destacadas de nuestra disciplina. Considerado uno de los mayores expertos en literatura de viajes, Attilio Brilli es profesor de literatura inglesa en la Universidad de Siena. De entre sus mayores éxitos literarios se encuentran Quando viaggaiare era un’arte (1995), Il viaggiatorie immaginario (1997) o el reconocido Il viaggio en Italia, Storia di una grande tradizione culturale (2006), galardonado con los prestigiosos premios Hemingway de 2006 y Lawrence de 2007. Esta vez, el autor nos sumerge en una de las grandes epopeyas de la tradición europea, el viaje al Oriente.
Altamira (Hugh Hudson, 2016)
Authors: Lombo Montañés Alberto
Published: October 2020

Altamira de Hugh Hudson es la primera película de ficción sobre la historia del arte paleolítico. Hasta el momento solo se habían realizado documentales sobre Altamira. Hacer una película de ficción supone un enfoque distinto y un cambio de público considerable. Del pequeño público de los documentales se pasa al gran público, que aprende con grandes dosis de imaginación, mito y leyenda. La nueva idea surgió, según cuenta la productora Lucrecia Botín, a partir de un documental que se estaba realizando sobre la cueva de Altamira.
Misbehaving Toddler or Moody Teenager: Examining the Maturity of the Field of K-12 Online Learning
Authors: Barbour Michael
Published: October 2020

Depending on the reference, the practice of K-12 online learning began sometime between 1991 and 1996. Yet two and a half to three decades later, there is still little research to describe the K-12 online or blended learning student experience, which has resulted in a lack of understanding of the actual instructional model, nature of the curriculum, and type and amount of support employed by K-12 distance, online, and blended learning programs. Further, much of the available research is atheoretical, methodologically questionable, contextually limited, and overgeneralized. All these factors make the K-12 distance, online, and blended learning research that does exist of little value in guiding practice. This manuscript examines the maturity of research in the field of K-12 distance, online, and blended learning, with the goal of providing researchers with meaningful impact on future practice.
The Role of Conceptual and Theoretical Scholarship in Understanding Research in Digital Learning
Authors: West Richard
Published: October 2020

The goal of research is to understand our world and the people in it. This understanding comes through a variety of methods and strategies that each uncover a different layer of knowledge that can contribute to this overall understanding. As researchers, we are much like a young child seeking to understand their surroundings by first touching a new toy, then lifting it, then shaking it, then even tasting it! Each of these strategies tells the child a little more about the object.

Similarly, as we seek to understand and influence our world, we need the knowledge gained from a wide variety of scholarly methods.

The articles that make up this special issue are intended to bring that mission and goal closer together.
Ways of Being and Ways of Knowing: Heidegger's The Question Concerning Technology and Knowledge Organization
Authors: Salisbury Preston R.
Published: October 2020

This paper examines some of the problems within the field of knowledge organization that arise from its roots within the Western philosophical tradition, specifically in relation to the technological view of the world as expressed by Martin Heidegger's The Question Concerning Technology. It attempts not only to outline the weaknesses of this worldview, but also to provide a path towards expansion and inclusion of a larger variety of worldviews. Given the importance of ontology within Heidegger's philosophy, this paper considers epistemology as rooted in ontology, and attempts to center knowledge organization within ontology. The goal is the development of a human-centered approach to knowledge organization which encompasses the creator and the world of the creator as well as the user and the world of the user, and builds upon community and connections between them. The goal of this approach is to arrive at a philosophy of knowledge organization that can successfully interact with knowledge expressed in a wide variety of forms (tools and works of art in addition to verbal treatises) and from a variety of cultures and socio-economic groups.
Exploring Geopolitical Realities through Taxonomies: The Case of Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yi-Yun , Ludäscher Bertram
Published: October 2020

In the face of heterogeneous standards and large-scale datasets, it has become increasingly difficult to understand the underlying knowledge structures within complex information systems. These structures may encode latent assumptions that could be susceptible to issues such as ghettoization, bias, erasure, or omission. Inspired by a series of current events in the China-Taiwan conflict on the sovereignty of Taiwan, our research aims to develop methods that can elucidate multiple, often conflicting perspectives and hidden assumptions. We propose the use of a logic-based taxonomy alignment approach to first align and then reconcile distinct but overlapping taxonomies. We specifically examine three relevant taxonomies that list the world entities: (1) ISO 3166 for country codes and subdivisions; (2) the geographic regions of the US Department of Homeland Security; (3) the Center Intelligence Agency’s World Fact Book. Our results highlight multiple alternate views (or Possible Worlds) for situating Taiwan relative to other neighboring entities. We hope that this work can be a first step to demonstrate how different geopolitical perspectives can be represented using multiple, interrelated taxonomies.
Avoir conscience de l’internormativité : contribution à l’étude de la conscience du droit en contexte pluraliste
Authors: Lavoie Bertrand
Published: October 2020

La diversification des populations dans les sociétés occidentales modernes contribue à accélérer de manière importante l’entrecroisement des normes de différentes natures. Les chercheurs intéressés à l’étude sociale du droit ont étudié ces transformations en mobilisant notamment l’hypothèse du pluralisme juridique. Cette hypothèse conceptualise le droit comme n’étant pas seulement un objet relevant de la sphère étatique et permet ainsi l’étude des phénomènes d’internormativité, soit les interfaces entre des normes provenant d’ordres normatifs différents. Depuis les années 1990, on note la popularité du concept de conscience du droit (« legal consciousness »), discuté notamment à la suite de la parution de l’ouvrage The Common Place of Law (1998) de Patricia Ewick et Susan Silbey, lequel permet d’étudier les perceptions et les interprétations personnelles du droit. Cependant, les études portant sur la conscience du droit, par ailleurs plutôt rares dans le monde francophone, peinent à rendre compte des situations quotidiennes où les individus interprètent des normes provenant de différents ordres normatifs, ce qui s’avère pourtant nécessaire dans le contexte pluraliste de la modernité tardive. En clair, le concept de conscience du droit s’intéresse beaucoup à la conscience du droit (le droit de l’État), négligeant par là la conscience internormative. L’objectif principal de cet article est de répondre à ce manque au sein de la littérature en théorie et en sociologie du droit. Nous voulons améliorer, dans une perspective sociojuridique, la compréhension des rapports que les individus entretiennent avec des normes provenant de différents ordres normatifs. Nous proposons une conceptualisation qui permet de combiner les savoirs liés au pluralisme juridique et à l’internormativité, d’une part, et ceux entourant le concept de conscience du droit, d’autre part. Afin d’y parvenir, nous proposons et défendons dans cet article la pertinence de la conceptualisation de la conscience internormative des individus afin de mieux comprendre leurs rapports complexes à la normativité en contexte pluraliste. En contribuant à la conceptualisation de la conscience de l’internormativité, nous défendons l’importance d’éviter le piège conceptuel consistant à penser que les individus sont forcément dominés ou déterminés par les structures normatives, et que l’interférence entre les normes ne se présenterait ainsi à eux que sous la forme d’un conflit dont la résolution ne serait que tragique pour le sujet porteur de normativités.
Children’s sense-making through exploration
Authors: Søyland Lovise
Published: October 2020

A child’s sense-making is grounded in his or her bodily interactions with the environment and tied to the body’s sensory experience. Digital technologies are being introduced into children’s learning environments and they experience virtual materialities to a greater extent now ever before. This study aimed to uncover how young children make sense of the world through explorative touch interactions with physical and virtual materialities. Children’s sense-making was studied through an explorative inquiry that was supported by video documentation. This article discusses how the combination of materials, digital technologies and experiences of different materialities offers new opportunities for explorative interaction, transforming and shaping children’s experience of the world through joint sensemaking. It also identifies how children’s past experience of material touch is important for them in their process of grasping virtual materiality.

Keywords:sense-making, touch interaction, virtual materiality, arts and crafts education, embodied cognition
Impostor phenomenon among US chiropractic students
Authors: Kimball Kelly A. , Roecker Christopher B. , Hoyt Katie
Published: October 2020

Objective

Impostor phenomenon is expressed by feelings of self-doubt and the belief that one is unintelligent. The purpose of this research was to describe the prevalence of impostor phenomenon among students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program and to evaluate for any differences in the rates of impostor phenomenon between males and females.

Methods

We performed an anonymous cross-sectional, online survey of all students enrolled in the doctor of chiropractic program at 2 campuses of 1 chiropractic college. We reported the point prevalence of impostor phenomenon and used χ2 to evaluate the differences in impostor phenomenon among males and females. We also evaluated for between-group differences for 4 other demographic factors believed to influence impostor phenomenon.

Results

We received 406 survey responses (34% response rate). Impostor phenomenon was reported in 39% of students responding to our survey. Approximately 46% of all females and 32% of all males met the criteria for impostor phenomenon, and females had significantly higher rates of impostor phenomenon (p = .005). The following variables were not associated with impostor phenomenon: year in which students were enrolled; marital status; whether chiropractic was their first career; and type of clinical experience the student encountered.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that over a third of students enrolled in a doctor of chiropractic program met the criteria for impostor phenomenon, and females were significantly more likely to experience impostor phenomenon. The results from this survey are similar to those reported in other healthcare educational settings.
The District Assembly Common Fund and Fiscal Decentralisation: What is the Impact on Local Development in Ghana?
Authors: Belley Harrison Kofi
Published: October 2020

Local governments have been created as agents of local development in which the people in the local areas are given greater opportunities to influence policies and programs that directly affect their well-being and thereby reducing their poverty levels. But the implementation of the policies and programmes is bedeviled with many problems. Key among them is the issue of financing the local development projects in order to reduce rural poverty. The government of Ghana attempted to reduce this problem when it introduced a development fund in1994 known as the – District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) to encourage local governance and deepen Government’s commitment to decentralization in general and fiscal devolution in particular. The study therefore, seeks to assess the impact of District Assembly Common Fund on Local Government Development in the Adaklu District Assembly in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study mainly adopted qualitative methods of research to obtain information on the experiences of the poor people in the Adaklu communities selected as study areas. Interview guides were used to obtain information from the people in the communities, staff of the Assembly and some heads of the decentralized departments. A major finding of the study is that the assembly did not involve the rural people in the poverty reduction programmes in the district.
Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yaghmour Khaled A. , Alamri Safa J. , Alfaqeh Rehab H. , Alnashri Layla M. , Alamri Basma J. , Makin Manar A.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women in Saudi Arabia. Screening helps in early detection and prompt treatment of breast cancer, leading to a better prognosis. Lack of knowledge and awareness of its screening methods can lead to bad outcomes. So far, little is known of women’s knowledge of breast cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of breast cancer screening among Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 203 adult Saudi women aged 18 years and above. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from Saudi women in Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia in 2019. The data were entered and statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Findings revealed that all the participants in this study heard of breast cancer, and their awareness of breast self-examination was high (93.6%). Awareness levels were lower concerning clinical breast examination (63.1%) and mammography (65.5%). However, only 43.3% correctly practiced breast self-examination, and 5.9% had ever heard of a mammogram. Knowledge of breast cancer screening with mammography screening was significantly related to participant age (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.008), and occupation (P=0.04). Furthermore, the relation between participants who underwent mammography and age was significant (P=0.001).

Conclusion: Our data indicate that the knowledge, awareness, and practices were insufficient, and educational interventions are required in Al-Qunfudah to encourage young women to practice screening for early detection.
The Effect of Workload on Emotional Exhaustion and Its Impact on the Performance of Female Nurses at Hospital Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar
Authors: Russeng Syamsiar S. , Wahiduddin . , Saleh Lalu Muhammad , Diah T. A. Tenri , Achmad Harun
Published: October 2020

In hospitals, most nurses experience a decrease in performance due to the workload factor. Workload is a working condition and job descriptions that must be completed within a certain time. The too high workload experienced by nurses can result in emotional exhaustion, indirectly emotional exhaustion can greatly affect the performance of the nurse. This study aims to determine the effect of workload on emotional exhaustion and its impact on the performance of female nurses at the hospital. Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional design. The sample in this study were 96 married female nurses and the sample was taken using simple random sampling method. Data were taken from respondents using questionnaires on workload, performance and emotional exhaustion. The data analysis technique in this study used SPSS and Smart PLS. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between workload and emotional fatigue with p value (0.002) < (0.05), emotional fatigue with performance p (0.000) <(0.05), and workload with performance p (0.000) < (0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of workload with emotional exhaustion, emotional exhaustion with performance and workload with performance on female nurses at the hospital. Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar
Solid‐State Electrolyte Design for Lithium Dendrite Suppression
Authors: Ji Xiao , Hou Singyuk , Wang Pengfei , He Xinzi , Piao Nan , Chen Ji , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: October 2020

All‐solid‐state Li metal batteries have attracted extensive attention due to their high safety and high energy density. However, Li dendrite growth in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) still hinders their application. Current efforts mainly aim to reduce the interfacial resistance, neglecting the intrinsic dendrite‐suppression capability of SSEs. Herein, the mechanism for the formation of Li dendrites is investigated, and Li‐dendrite‐free SSE criteria are reported. To achieve a high dendrite‐suppression capability, SSEs should be thermodynamically stable with a high interface energy against Li, and they should have a low electronic conductivity and a high ionic conductivity. A cold‐pressed Li3N–LiF composite is used to validate the Li‐dendrite‐free design criteria, where the highly ionic conductive Li3N reduces the Li plating/stripping overpotential, and LiF with high interface energy suppresses dendrites by enhancing the nucleation energy and suppressing the Li penetration into the SSEs. The Li3N–LiF layer coating on Li3PS4 SSE achieves a record‐high critical current of >6 mA cm−2 even at a high capacity of 6.0 mAh cm−2. The Coulombic efficiency also reaches a record 99% in 150 cycles. The Li3N–LiF/Li3PS4 SSE enables LiCoO2 cathodes to achieve 101.6 mAh g−1 for 50 cycles. The design principle opens a new opportunity to develop high‐energy all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries.
The Power of Nature‐Based Solutions: How Peatlands Can Help Us to Achieve Key EU Sustainability Objectives
Authors: Tanneberger Franziska , Appulo Lea , Ewert Stefan , Lakner Sebastian , Ó Brolcháin Niall , Peters Jan , Wichtmann Wendelin
Published: October 2020

Peatlands are lands with a peat layer at the surface, containing a large proportion of organic carbon. Such lands cover ≈1 000 000 km2 in Europe, which is almost 10% of the total surface area. In many countries, peatlands have been artificially drained over centuries, leading to not only enormous emissions of CO2 but also soil subsidence, mobilization of nutrients, higher flood risks, and loss of biodiversity. These problems can largely be solved by stopping drainage and rewetting the land. Wet peatlands do not release CO2, can potentially sequester carbon, help to improve water quality, provide habitat for rare and threatened biodiversity, and can still be used for production of biomass (“paludiculture”). Wisely adjusted land use on peatlands can substantially contribute to low‐emission goals and further benefits for farmers, the economy, society, and the environment.
Promoting Ge Alloying Reaction via Heterostructure Engineering for High Efficient and Ultra‐Stable Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Shang Chaoqun , Hu Le , Luo Dan , Kempa Krzysztof , Zhang Yongguang , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei
Published: October 2020

Germanium (Ge)‐based materials have been considered as potential anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the poor conductivity and Na+ diffusivity of Ge‐based materials result in retardant ion/electron transportation and insufficient sodium storage efficiency, leading to sluggish reaction kinetics. To intrinsically maximize the sodium storage capability of Ge, the nitrogen doped carbon‐coated Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure material (Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C) is developed for enhanced sodium storage. The pod‐like structure of Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C exposes numerous active surface to shorten ion transportation pathway while the uniform encapsulation of carbon shell improves the electron transportation, leading to enhanced reaction kinetics. Theoretical calculation reveals that Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure can offer decent electron conduction and lower the Na+ diffusion barrier, which further promotes Ge alloying reaction and improves its sodium storage capability close to its theoretical value. In addition, the uniform encapsulation of nitrogen‐doped carbon on Cu3Ge/Ge heterostructure material efficiently alleviates its volume expansion and prevents its decomposition, further ensuring its structural integrity upon cycling. Attributed to these unique superiorities, the as‐prepared Cu3Ge/Ge@N‐C electrode demonstrates admirable discharge capacity, outstanding rate capability and prolonged cycle lifespan (178 mAh g−1 at 4.0 A g−1 after 4000 cycles).
Resistive Switching in Individual Co/ZnO Core/Shell Nanoparticles Formed via Inert Gas Condensation and Selective Oxidation
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Lu Haidong , Mukherjee Pinaki , Koten Mark , Gruverman Alexei , Shield Jeffrey E.
Published: October 2020

Magnetron sputtering inert gas condensation is used to produce core/shell Co/ZnO nanoparticles. Selective oxidation to form the core/shell nanoparticles is accomplished both during nanoparticle formation (“in situ”) and with exposure to ambient conditions (“ex situ”). The ZnO formed in situ shows single‐crystalline nature with specific orientation relationships with the Co core, while the ZnO formed ex situ is polycrystalline. Conductive atomic force microscopy is utilized to measure the electrical behavior of individual nanoparticles, and both types of core/shell nanoparticles display classic bipolar resistive switching behavior. These results highlight potential application of these nanoparticles as promising next generation nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic computational devices.
Understanding Charge Transport in High‐Mobility p‐Doped Multicomponent Blend Organic Transistors
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Scuratti Francesca , Barker Alex J. , Basu Aniruddha , Paterson Alexandra F. , Fei Zhuping , Solomeshch Olga , Petrozza Annamaria , Tessler Nir , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Caironi Mario
Published: October 2020

The use of ternary systems comprising polymers, small molecules, and molecular dopants represents a promising approach for the development of high‐mobility, solution‐processed organic transistors. However, the current understanding of the charge transport in these complex systems, and particularly the role of molecular doping, is rather limited. Here, the role of the individual components in enhancing hole transport in the best‐performing ternary blend systems comprising the small molecule 2,7‐dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT), the conjugated polymer indacenodithiophene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole (C16IDT‐BT), and the molecular p‐type dopant (C60F48) is investigated. Temperature‐dependent charge transport measurements reveal different charge transport regimes depending on the blend composition, crossing from a thermally activated to a band‐like behavior. Using the charge‐modulation spectroscopy technique, it is shown that in the case of the pristine blend, holes relax onto the conjugated polymer phase where shallow traps dominate carrier transport. Addition of a small amount of C60F48 deactivates those shallow traps allowing for a higher degree of hole delocalization within the highly crystalline C8‐BTBT domains located on the upper surface of the blend film. Such synergistic effect of a highly ordered C8‐BTBT phase, a polymer bridging grain boundaries, and p‐doping results in the exceptionally high hole mobilities and band‐like transport observed in this blend system.
Solution Processable High Performance Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Si Heterojunctions
Authors: Dwivedi Neeraj , Dhand Chetna , Anderson Erik C. , Kumar Rajeev , Liao Baochen , Yeo Reuben J. , Khan Raju , Carey J. David , Saifullah Mohammad S. M. , Kumar Sushil , Malik Hitendra K. , Hashmi S. A. R. , Srivastava Avanish K. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Stangl Rolf , Duttagupta Shubham
Published: October 2020

Carbon nanotube (CNT)–silicon (Si) heterojunctions show exceptional electrical behavior and hence are promising for electronic and optoelectronic applications. In particular, single wall CNTs (SWCNTs)–Si heterojunctions have been widely studied for these applications. Since multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) have higher electrical conductivity than SWCNTs, engineering the properties of MWCNTs so as to tailor their electrical properties suitable for heterojunctions can boost the performance of CNT‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here the development of MWCNT‐Si heterostructures is reported, following surface functionalization and silanization to tailor their structure and properties, at room temperature via solution processing. The developed Al/n‐Si/MWCNT/Al heterojunction devices show a low turn‐on voltage (≈1–3 V) and high current (≈0.8 mA at 10 V) exceeding the previous high temperature processed CNT‐based heterojunctions as well as room temperature grown additional amorphous carbon–Si heterojunctions. The carrier transport mechanism within a carrier‐selective contact, multijunction, multiresistance framework, with device current–voltage behavior dictated by transport across the heterojunction and quantum tunneling is discussed. This work opens new direction to design improved devices for future development of large area solution processable CNT based electronics.
The Effects of COVID‐19 on Fruit and Vegetable Production
Authors: Ridley William , Devadoss Stephen
Published: October 2020

COVID‐19 has had unprecedented effects on the US economy, in large part because of its effects on workers. Within food and agriculture, these effects pose the greatest threat to the production of labor‐intensive commodities—in particular, fruits and vegetables, the production of which tends to require large numbers of workers for harvesting and packing. We econometrically estimate the effects of COVID‐19 on fruit and vegetable production as the US agricultural labor supply is adversely affected by this pandemic. The major crop losses include $16 million in lettuce, $5 million in apples, and $4 million in grapes.