bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klimaat in de kluts: tegenstrijdigheden in Rotterdams klimaatbeleid
Authors: Stout Helen
Published: May 2020

Climate in the making: contradictions in Rotterdam’s climate policy

In her farewell editorial Helen Stout (member of the editorial board of this magazine from 1998 till 2020) addresses the contradictions in the climate policy of the Dutch city of Rotterdam. She notices that the new Dutch Climate Act is brimming with ambitions, but that there has not been much progress. The elaboration of the new law is yet to come. That has not prevented several municipalities from getting started. Some have been busy for years. For example, the municipality of Rotterdam launched the ‘Rotterdam Climate Initiative’ in 2007 with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions by half by 2025. Against this background, the issues of coal transshipment in the port of Rotterdam, the autonomy of the port authority as a public limited company and the commissioning in 2015 and 2016 of two brand new coal-fired power stations on the Maasvlakte arise, which are discussed further in this editorial. The council’s failed attempt at intervention in renewing the leasehold illustrates the powerlessness of the municipality and shows the general feeling that the port authority is not an ‘ordinary’ company. The question arises of how interests other than economic ones can also be involved in the assessment of the port authority, assuming that reversal of its autonomy is not an option. We can use the constitutional framework for the institutional structure formed by the company’s articles of association. The Dutch General Administrative Law Act (Awb) could impose mandatory rules with regard to the content of the articles of association, like the obligation to broaden the objects stated under the articles of association.
In de ban van stadsgoeroes?
Authors: Nelissen Nico , Verheul Wouter Jan
Published: May 2020

Under the spell of city gurus? Review of sources of inspiration for city administrators

The urbanisation of society is a well-known fact. It is perhaps less well known that this process is accompanied by the emergence of ‘city gurus’. By this, the authors mean advisers, scientists and other authors who have an international influence on the thinking and actions of city administrators and other urban policymakers. City administrators nowadays often find their intellectual inspiration from ‘contemporary city gurus’. They are usually not public administration experts; instead they come from the fields of urban geography, urban economics, or urban sociology. Their ideas do however resonate in administrative practice. The questions that the popularity of contemporary city gurus raise are: is this a hype or is it really about thoughts that have a lasting impact on ‘urban development’ and city management? Which city gurus are we actually talking about? There are several of them, but in this essay the authors highlight a few that can be counted among the favourite speakers among the ‘science and advisor conference goers’ in recent years: Richard Florida, Bruce Katz, Richard Sennett, Benjamin Barber and Jeb Brugmann. The city gurus ask us to have an eye for the city. But the authors of this essay believe that that also means that we must be aware of differences, because every city and every city dweller is different, and that requires an interpretation of the ‘city of difference’. The popularity of the city leads to an increase in those differences and they present us with various considerations and management issues.
Recente ontwikkelingen witwassen
Authors: Dorant J.B.S. , Verbruggen A.
Published: May 2020

Recente ontwikkelingen witwassen

De witwasbepalingen in ons Wetboek van Strafrecht zijn ruim geformuleerd. Dat faciliteert een door de politiek en justitie gewenste stevige aanpak van het fenomeen. In de praktijk is gebleken van een geïntensiveerde handhaving van witwassen. Het OM grijpt veelvuldig en graag naar het delict – ook in gevallen waarin de toegevoegde waarde niet aanstonds begrijpelijk is. Dat maakt de afbakening van het delict des te belangrijker. De Hoge Raad voorzag in materiële rechtsbescherming en beperkte in de afgelopen jaren het toepassingsbereik van de witwasbepalingen. Wij bespreken de meest recente witwasjurisprudentie van de Hoge Raad en bezien hoe ons hoogste rechtscollege ‘in de (wed)strijd’ zit.
De hulpofficier en het onderzoek in de smartphone
Authors: Gritter E.
Published: May 2020

De hulpofficier en het onderzoek in de smartphone

De auteur gaat in deze bijdrage in op de normering van (beperkt) onderzoek in smartphones en vergelijkbare apparaten, waarbij hij in de toekomst een rol weggelegd ziet voor de hulpofficier van justitie.
Characteristics of the psychoemotional sphere among Evenk children
Authors: Zaitseva Olga , Klimatсkaia Ludmila , Kovalevskiy Valeriy , Kurpas Donata
Published: May 2020

Background. In Russia, there is an active ongoing process of national revival of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North Siberia, such as the Evenks. Revival of the younger generation, in particular, remains a priority. The state helps to solve the problems of education and adaptation of Evenk children to modern life. This is necessary because parents, hunters, and reindeer herders have a nomadic lifestyle. The educational feature of Evenk children is to study and live in a boarding school after elementary school graduation. Success of adaptation largely depends on the ability to account for the ethnopsychological specificity of Evenk children.
Aim: To study characteristics of the psychoemotional sphere and identify ethnospecific indicators for the adaptation of Evenk children to a boarding school.
Material and methods: Pupils (N = 409) aged 10-16 from the village boarding school of Evenkia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia were examined. Pupils consisted of 132 Evenk children and 277 Russian children. The emotional sphere was evaluated according to Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and lateral phenotype was evaluated according to Bragina & Dobrokhotova.
Results. We found that Evenk children show a predominant pattern of left laterality (p = 0.024). In addition, relative to Russian children, Evenk children are more likely to show the introverted personality type (p = 0.035). Relative to Russian children, Evenk children are more restrained in their emotional manifestations, have greater difficulty in communicating with strangers, answer with monosyllables, and show a less vivid emotional reaction to praise. Further, relative to Russian children, Evenk children are more likely to show a high level of emotional stability (i.e., 9-10 points; p = 0.001).
Conclusion. The present study examined the psychoemotional characteristics of Evenk children. We identified ethnospecific indicators, including an introversion personality type combined with emotional stability and left laterality. Identification of these characteristics allowed us to form a risk group of children in adaptation. Ethnospecific indicators of the psycho-emotional sphere should be considered for effective management of the adaptation of children in a boarding school.
Å gjøre vann til Olje
Authors: Hatleskog Tjønn Mathias
Published: May 2020

Oljeselskapet ENIs historie i Libya har generelt blitt vurdert som uberørt av Italias tidligere kolonisering av landet. eni har videre fått utbredt aksept for sin fremstilling av seg selv som en pådriver for dekolonisering, i motsetning til Italia og andre italienske selskapers fortid i Libya. Mine undersøkelser av arkivmateriale viser derimot at eni hadde sterkere forbindelser til det italienske kolonistyret og dets metoder enn det som hittil er blitt beskrevet.
Alle betyr alle
Authors: Lysa Charlotte , Nordenson Jon
Published: May 2020

Lederartikkel, Babylon nummer 2 2019.
Rasmus Christian Elling Irans moderne historie Gyldendal, 2019.
Authors: U. Erstad Henriette
Published: May 2020

Anmeldt av Henriette U. Erstad
Populismus, Politikwissenschaft und die Zukunft der Sozialdemokratie
Authors: Nickel Carsten
Published: May 2020

Nicht die Rückbesinnung auf den Traditionalismus ihrer einstigen Stammwählerschaft, sondern eine Umorientierung hin zum neuen liberal-urbanen Mittelstand sei die richtige Antwort der gemäßigten Linken auf den Aufstieg des Rechtspopulismus. Der Essay hinterfragt die methodischen und vor allem die programmatischen Annahmen, die hinter entsprechenden Handlungsempfehlungen aus der modernen, empirischen Politikwissenschaft stehen.
A Review on Electro-Rheological Fluid (ER) and Its Various Technological Applications
Authors: Datta Sudipto , Barua Ranjit , Das Jonali
Published: May 2020

The technology of electro-rheological fluids is old, but now it is being used in market at high speed. In the near future, ER fluids may be used for structure design where accuracy, density and power density are primarily the main criteria. For minimizing the costs and maximizing the functionality of the products, like where the viscosity of the fluid is varied to design, solid structure ER fluids are used. Features like fast response and easy interface between electrical and mechanical input–output makes the ER fluid attractive to various technology fields. In this study, ER fluids’ working principle, various low-cost ER fluids working procedures and ER fluid applications in multiple areas are explained.
Postmortem Examination
Authors: K. Lee Carol
Published: May 2020

This chapter titled “Postmortem Examination” will highlight the importance of a postmortem examination, provide a basic overview of what a postmortem examination should involve, and guide the reader through the steps required to perform a complete autopsy. Subsections of special procedures as well as additional testing methods are included for those who are interested in extending their examinations to answer selected questions in selected scenarios. This chapter can act as a guideline to those who are unfamiliar with the process of an autopsy, or a review, and reinforcement to those who wish to build on top of their previous experience.
Existence of Open Loop Equilibria for Disturbed Stackelberg Games
Authors: Azevedo Perdicoúlis T.-P. , Jank G. , Lopes dos Santos P.
Published: May 2020

In this work, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an hierarchic equilibrium of a disturbed two player linear quadratic game with open loop information structure. A convexity condition guarantees the existence of a unique Stackelberg equilibria; this solution is first obtained in terms of a pair of symmetric Riccati equations and also in terms of a coupled of system of Riccati equations. In this latter case, the obtained equilibrium controls are of feedback type.
Flicker-Noise Spectroscopy Method in the Problem of Diagnosing the State of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Namiq Tahir Abdullayev , Khadija Ramiz Ahmadova
Published: May 2020

In the field of research of the cardiovascular system, mainly analysis methods that are strictly mathematically applicable to stationary signals are distinguished; however, nonstationary signals prevail in medical practice, the statistical properties of which vary with time. Often they consist of short-term high-frequency components, followed by long-term low-frequency components. Given this nature of bioelectric potentials, and in particular electrocardiographic signals, the most suitable for their analysis may be the nonlinear dynamics method with the calculation of quantitative characteristics of chaos. This possibility is presented by the flicker-noise spectroscopy method, which takes into account the intermittency effect in a complex dynamic system when sections of chaotic bursts and jumps alternate with relatively long sections of a laminar nature. The analysis of signals of such a dynamic nature is usually based on the use of flicker-noise spectroscopy.
Heat Treatment of Metastable Beta Titanium Alloys
Authors: Rajan Soundararajan Sudhagara , Vishnu Jithin , Manivasagam Geetha , Rao Muktinutalapati Nageswara
Published: May 2020

Heat treatment of metastable beta titanium alloys involves essentially two steps—solution treatment in beta or alpha+beta phase field and aging at appropriate lower temperatures. High strength in beta titanium alloys can be developed via solution treatment followed by aging by precipitating fine alpha (α) particles in a beta (β) matrix. Volume fraction and morphology of α determine the strength whereas ductility is dependent on the β grain size. Solution treatment in (α + β) range can give rise to a better combination of mechanical properties, compared to solution treatment in the β range. However, aging at some temperatures may lead to a low/nil-ductility situation and this has to be taken into account while designing the aging step. Heating rate to aging temperature also has a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties obtained after aging. In addition to α, formation of intermediate phases such as omega, beta prime during decomposition of beta phase has been a subject of detailed studies. In addition to covering these issues, the review pays special attention to heat treatment of beta titanium alloys for biomedical applications, in view of the growing interest this class of alloys have been receiving.
Effect of Diet and Water Availability on Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae) Distribution
Authors: Yabe Tatsuo
Published: May 2020

The distribution of the Norway rat Rattus norvegicus extends from the subarctic to the subtropics in Japan; yet it is limited by several factors. I discuss appropriate diet, water balance, and temperature as limiting factors based on surveys in the subarctic zone (Yururi-Moyururi, uninhabited islands in Hokkaido), the temperate zone (a business district in Yokohama and an uninhabited islet, Kaiho-2 in Tokyo Bay), and the subtropics (the Hahajima Islands in the Ogasawara Archipelago) in Japan. In Yururi-Moyururi, the rats recruited new generations in their population not only in the summer but also under snow cover, probably by preying on carcasses of their own species. In Yokohama, peaks of recruitment of their new generations were found in the winter and the summer, though the season with peaks changed every year. In Kaiho-2, rats stopped recruiting in the winter because of dehydration, and over the winter the group lost body mass as a result of body fat consumption. In Hahajima, rats lost body mass and preyed mainly on plant matter because of chronic dehydration. I conclude that protein-rich diets and water balance, but not temperature, are basic factors in the distribution of the Norway rat.
Methods to Reduce Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Combustion Processes
Authors: Jędrusik Maria , Łuszkiewicz Dariusz , Świerczok Arkadiusz
Published: May 2020

The chapter presents the issue of reducing mercury and nitrogen oxides emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired boilers. The issue is particularly relevant due to the stricter regulations regarding exhaust gas purity. A brief review of the methods for reducing Hg and NOx emissions has been made, pointing out their pros and cons. Against this background, the results of the authors’ own research on the injection of selected oxidants into flue gases to remove both of these pollutants are presented. The injection of sodium chlorite solution into the flue gas (400 MWe lignite fired unit) upstream the wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) absorber contributed to the oxidation of both metallic mercury and nitric oxide and enhanced their removal efficiency. The results of tests on lignite and hard coal flue gases indicate that in order to reduce the unfavorable phenomenon of mercury re-emission from WFGD absorbers, in some cases, it is necessary to add selected chemical compounds (e.g., sulfides) to the desulfurization system. The results of field tests for flue gas from lignite (400 MWe unit) and hard coal-fired boilers (195 and 220 MWe units) confirmed the usefulness of oxidizer injection technology to reduce mercury emissions below the level required by BAT conclusions.
Etiology of Cancer Associated Thromboembolism (CAT), and Diet, Lifestyle and Medicine to Reduce Cancer and Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Yokoyama Kenji
Published: May 2020

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, and cancer patients often develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is the second leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The incidence of VTE varies among cancers, and it is highest in pancreatic cancer patients. Increased white blood cells and thrombocytosis are risk factors for developing cancer-associated VTE. Some other proteins (tissue factor, podoplanin, P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) may also play roles in thrombus formation in cancer patients. Certain diets and nutrition (e.g., enough fish, vegetables, and fruits) may reduce the risk of VTE. Certain diets and nutrition also may reduce the risk of cancer, and alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking definitely increase risk of cancer. Some studies suggest that aspirin, a widely used antiplatelet drug, may reduce cancer incidence and mortality, but other studies fail to show the beneficial effects of aspirin.
Water Management Strategies and Cultural Practices for Strawberry Establishment in Florida
Authors: Torres-Quezada Emmanuel , Torres-Quezada Isabel , Marcelo Santos Bielinski
Published: May 2020

Florida’s strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) production system is mainly dependent on short-day cultivars produced as bare-root (BR) transplants, which are high-yielding and low-cost options for Florida growers. The strawberry industry in Florida is greatly dependent on early yield (mid-November, early December). Therefore, Florida growers must secure rapid establishment of the BR transplants and for that reason, high volumes of irrigation water are applied to reduce air temperature around plant crowns and mitigate desiccation. This practice accounts for nearly 14.7 million m3 of irrigation water between mid-September and early October. Several alternatives are available to growers to reduce irrigation water for establishment. One of those alternatives suggests replacing BR transplants for actively growing strawberry plugs (SPs). However, the higher price of SP transplants seems to be the main limitation for their implementation. Alternately, growers could explore the possibility of introducing intermittent irrigation or low-volume sprinklers into their system to establish BR transplants. An inexpensive option, based on a large body of research, would be the application of crop protectants against excessive sun radiation, which could reduce irrigation water for establishment by up to 30%. Despite the suggested alternatives, there is still a great deal of work needed to increase grower’s confidence in these technologies.
Relatos sobre maestras acosadas e inmorales: género, educación y disciplinamiento en el sistema escolar argentino (1919-1935)
Authors: Cammarota Adrian
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between gender and education by taking as a reference the case of three teachers who were punished for assumed moral offences committed in their private sphere. Two of these teachers were exonerated. These events took place in 1919, 1921 and 1935 in Mendoza, Chubut and Rio Negro provinces, respectively. Furthermore, we will carry out the analysis of a file on an alleged harassment committed by senior male staff members. Morality was one of the pillars sustained in academic teacher training and served as a method of controlling the teaching staff. In many respects, this search deals with the disciplinary mechanisms applied by the Consejo Nacional de Educación (National Board of Education, CNE), which strove to regulate bodies and behavior in response to the assumed immoralities committed by the teaching staff. We develop a descriptive analysis as a way of delving into representations, mindsets and patriarchal mandates reproduced in the school system.
El NO-DO como medio de construcción de la identidad femenina
Authors: Molina Poveda María Dolores
Published: May 2020

Franco’s regime undertook a reversion to certain conservative ideas relating to femininity in an effort to return women to the private sphere. These principles were transmitted by various organizations and institutions such as the Sección Femenina, Auxilio Social and educational centres. However, the regime used other means to spread its doctrine as well. NO-DO (NOticiarios-DOcumentales, News Program – Documentaries) was one of the most emblematic since it allowed the entire population, regardless of social class, sex or literacy level, to capture its message. In this study, we have used NO-DO as the main source for discovering how the regime transmitted its principles about femininity and what these principles were. We have reviewed news, documentaries and reports ―included in different sections: News, Black and White and Colour documentaries, Sport Image Magazine and Images― where references to women's education were made. Training women for housework and childcare, for being submissive and dutiful wives and good Christians; this was the identity that NO-DO conveyed about the woman’s role. NO-DO displayed another identity as well: that of women working for the Sección Femenina training girls, youth and adults in the national syndicalist and Catholic doctrine.
Identidades, internacionalismo, pacifismo y educación
Authors: Malheiro Gutiérrez Xosé M. , Carrera Fernández María Victoria , Bandini Gianfranco
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Analítica del aprendizaje y educación basada en datos: Un campo en expansión
Authors: Domínguez Figaredo Daniel , Reich Justin , Ruipérez-Valiente José A.
Published: May 2020

La creciente utilización de sistemas de mediación digital en la mayoría de espacios educativos —ya sean presenciales o no, formales o abiertos, y tanto en el nivel de educación básica como en situaciones de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida— está acelerando el avance de la analítica del aprendizaje y haciendo que el uso de la información digital sea una práctica común en el campo de la educación. Las herramientas educativas digitales facilitan la interacción entre estudiantes, profesores y recursos de aprendizaje, y generan de manera continua un notable volumen de datos que pueden analizarse aplicando una variedad de metodologías. Esto ha hecho que aumenten exponencialmente las investigaciones que toman como referencia la información que procede de la actividad de los estudiantes en esos espacios digitales. Partiendo de esas evidencias, este número especial muestra un conjunto de estudios en el campo del aprendizaje digital y la investigación educativa basada en datos, que enriquecen el conocimiento sobre los procesos de aprendizaje y la gestión de la enseñanza en espacios mediados digitalmente.
Offline eller online bhakti: Fra mediering til medialisering?
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: May 2020

English abstract: In this article, I will give a short outline of the Hindu bhakti-worship and introduce various mediation techniques and forms throughout the history of Hinduism until modern times. With this as the point of departure, I will discuss whether a current medialization of bhakti through cyberspace – bhakti online – can be equivalent to bhakti offline, where the worshipper is understood as having a more direct contact with a divine presence. This article is based on a wide understanding of the mediation concept, but will primarily focus on the body as the central pivot of mediation.

Dansk resume: I denne artikel vil jeg give et kort overblik over den hinduistiske bhakti-tilbedelse og præsentere forskellige medieringsteknikker og -former op igennem den hinduistiske religionshistorie helt op til moderne tid. Med det som udgangspunkt vil jeg diskutere om en nutidig medialisering af bhakti via cyberspace – bhakti online – kan ækvivalere med bhakti offline, hvor tilbederen anses at have et mere et direkte møde med det guddommeliges tilstedeværelse Artiklen vil bygge på et bredt medieringsbegreb, men vil primært fokusere på kroppen som medieringens helt centrale omdrejningspunkt.
Le poste de La Pointe sur l’île Madeline, tremplin vers le monde franco-anichinabé de la traite des fourrures1
Authors: St-Onge Nicole , LaRose André
Published: May 2020

Le monde de la traite des fourrures a vu le jour à partir des années 1650 dans le bassin hydrographique des Grands Lacs et du fleuve Saint-Laurent, avec Montréal comme point de jonction entre les Pays d’en Haut et diverses paroisses canadiennes-françaises de la vallée du Saint-Laurent. Les marchandises, les peaux, les populations et les moeurs sociales circulaient dans ce bassin hydrographique ; cette circulation témoignait de l’intense mobilité qui définissait la société vivant de la traite des fourrures. Ce monde a perduré jusqu’au XIXe siècle, en dépit de profonds changements sociétaux. S’appuyant sur le poste de traite des fourrures de La Pointe comme centre d’observation, l’étude de ces « paysages familiaux » lève le voile sur un monde où les concepts d’identité nationale (ou coloniale) et de frontières étatiques étaient au fond dénués de sens jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle. Les notions autochtones de parenté, liées aux notions franco-catholiques de parenté symbolique (et spirituelle), ont créé toute une série de communautés interreliées, vouées à la traite des fourrures. Celles-ci partageaient des valeurs fondamentales clés et ont permis à une économie et à une société axées sur la traite des fourrures de perdurer et de prospérer pendant plus de deux cents ans.
When Body, Emotion, and Translation Meet: A Proposal for a Reader- and Translator-Oriented Approach to Translation
Authors: Constantino Reyes Julia
Published: May 2020

This article attempts to explore, in a theoretical manner, some possible ways in which translation may question binaries and authority by creating links between sex-gender non-conforming experiences, and translation. I suggest a flexible, reader-oriented and translator-oriented approach to translation based on performativity, narrativity, theory of emotions and affect theory, feminist theory, and queer theory that can possibly contribute to the transformation of some still rigid expectations about translation as a process, a product, and a phenomenon. The article discusses how emotions and performativity elements used by feminist and queer translation may contribute to a reconceptualization of translation based on a questioning and undermining of binary thinking—and of related concepts such as equivalence, fidelity, unity, coherence, and homogeneity—through repetition, difference, and provisionality. A central point is that the ambiguity that can arise from breaking away from binary thinking in translation and in sex-gender non-conforming bodies and experiences through mechanisms of performativity and of emotions as cultural practices can become an ethical space of resistance and activism. Such a space may denounce the arbitrariness of meaning-producing practices, propose other sites of meaning and knowledge, and construct more flexible narratives. This may be accomplished through the construction of productive shame and discomfort, emotions which are impressed on the body. These emotions can become a link between reader and translator thereby contributing to the transformation of translation and of translation-reading expectations, paradigms, and practices.
Traduction philosophique et signature : le cas de l’indécidable derridien entame en anglais
Authors: Lemieux René
Published: May 2020

L’article présente quelques éléments de réception de Jacques Derrida en Amérique à partir de la traduction de ses « mots » indécidables, et particulièrement de celle d’entame. Y est mise à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle la réception d’un auteur produira, avec le temps, une homogénéité toujours plus grande des traductions et un nombre toujours plus restreint des traducteurs et des maisons d’édition. Il s’agit d’adapter le principe d’Antoine Berman selon lequel « toute première traduction en appelle à des retraductions » (1995, p. 84) parce qu’elle serait imparfaite, trop idéologique et trop soumise aux normes. Dans le cas de la traduction des sciences humaines et sociales, je pose comme hypothèse qu’on traduit toujours une oeuvre une première fois pour ce qui y est énoncé dans le texte ; c’est la popularité croissante d’un auteur qui augmentera, dans les retraductions, l’intérêt qu’on y porte pour son style, sa langue, etc. Si la plupart des traductions successives de Derrida me permettent d’affirmer cette hypothèse, un exemple la contredit, à savoir la retraduction deLa voix et le phénomènepar Leonard Lawlor. Quoiqu’elle puisse sembler anodine, la non-conformité de la traduction d’entamepar rapport aux traductions habituelles (parbroachoubreach, telles que proposées en 1976 par Gayatri Spivak dansOf Grammatology), met au jour un courant mineur de la réception de Derrida aux États-Unis, celui de la phénoménologie, qui ne semble pas catégoriser Derrida comme le fait la réception habituelle. Une étude de ces termes dans la traduction vient donc montrer la force que peut encore avoir un courant de pensée comme la phénoménologie, qui traduit, pourrait-on dire,encoreDerrida pour ce qu’il apporte (son objet) plutôt que pour qui il est (son sujet).
Mémoire régressive, mémoire hystérique, mémoire obsessionnelle
Authors: Piégay Nathalie
Published: May 2020

Trois types de mémoires du roman sont ici distingués : la mémoire profonde de l’enfance, la mémoire hystérique et la mémoire obsessionnelle. Chacune illustre un rapport particulier à l’oubli et au romanesque : comment conserver dans sa mémoire d’écrivain ce qui a été lu dans l’enfance ? Comment exercer une maîtrise de ce souvenir ? Comment évoquer ce qui a laissé une empreinte décisive sur la mémoire ? Pourquoi le devenir-mémoire du roman est-il dans l’écriture et l’invention romanesques ? Les textes autobiographiques (Perec, Sarraute, Duras, et d’autres), les scènes de lecture romanesque (Proust, Flaubert) et différents processus intertextuels (Simon, Perec) évoquent cette mémoire du roman qui se distingue si fortement de la mémoire poétique. Les prendre en considération, c’est tenter d’écrire la lecture, la mémoire et l’oubli.
From Flatness to Space and Back Again: Concepts of Representation in the Work of Gerhard Richter and Sigmar Polke
Authors: Gelshorn Julia
Published: May 2020

Quand Sigmar Polke et Gerhard Richter entament leurs carrières dans les années 1960, l’histoire de l’art est encore régie par l’idée d’un progrès allant de l’art figuratif à l’art abstrait. Dans ce contexte, la représentation de l’espace par des dispositifs traditionnels n’est plus le sujet de l’art, puisque les peintres modernes ont réfléchi à la planéité de l’image en réduisant la peinture à ses éléments de base, soit la couleur et la forme. Les tableaux de Richter et Polke contredisent cette notion de progrès linéaire. Ils nient la dialectique de la « figuration » et de l’« abstraction », surtout les concepts compétitifs de « planéité » et d’« espace fictif ». Leur révision des différents styles, genres et éléments picturaux peut se comprendre comme une réflexion sur les implications sociales et politiques des concepts stylistiques, de même que sur le fardeau idéologique des formes représentationnelles. Un examen d’images exemplaires des modes de représentation privilégiées dans leurs oeuvres – les célèbres fenêtres, rideaux et peintures transparentes de même que d’autres dispositifs moins explicites – révèle que les deux artistes ont opté pour une position intermédiaire qui triomphe de la polarisation entre l’image comme fenêtre et l’image comme surface plane.
The Virtual Memorial: Temporality, Interactivity, and the Internet
Authors: Gérin Annie
Published: May 2020

Selon Gregory Ulmer et Shoshana Felman, le monde contemporain serait caractérisé par la multiplication des désastres à grande échelle et des traumatismes vécus de façon collective (l’Holocauste, le 9 Septembre, la pandémique du SIDA, la présente guerre en Iraq, etc.). Le traumatisme serait désormais l’expérience collective la plus communicable entre diverses générations et au-delà des frontières géopolitiques. Faisant écho à ces propos, un nombre important d’oeuvres d’art conçues spécifiquement pour l’Internet mettent en lumière les phénomène associés à la commémoration des tragédies planétaires et des traumatismes collectifs, considérés comme fondamentaux dans la formation des identités et des communautés contemporaines. Ces oeuvres, qui adaptent la forme du monument, de l’oeuvre commémorative ou du témoignage ne font cependant pas la chronique du désastre. Elles assujettissent plutôt les caractéristiques formelles, techniques et rhétoriques propres à l’art numérique à un projet précis, celui de démontrer l’importance globale de la situation de crise, ainsi que la nature dialectique du traumatisme collectif et du tissu associatif au sein duquel se forme la mémoire. Cet article propose que l’Internet fournit un site idéal pour la création d’un art commémoratif qui s’adresse à des publics délocalisés. Dans ce contexte, les propriétés temporelles et d’interactivité qui sont caractéristiques de l’art numérique invoquent le processus de la mémoire et affranchissent l’activité commémorative du lieu physique et des contraintes géopolitiques qui le sous-tendent.
Manipulación de bitmaps I
Authors: Moncho Vicent
Published: May 2020

La manipulación de los mapas de bits se ha convertido en un campo de trabajo muy interesante en la informática actual. Esta manipulación es posible en 3DStudio en el nivel más bajo mediante la programación con MAXScript. En la siguiente serie de artículos se darán los primeros pasos en el tratamiento de los mapas de bits utilizando unos conocimientos básicos de programación y unas pocas matemáticas, también básicas.
Streaming, ese raro término
Authors: Poveda Jordi
Published: May 2020

Al igual que jumping o puenting, podria parecernos que streaming se acerca más en significado a un deporte de riesgo que a lo que realmente encierra. Si bien su última finalidad sí posee algunos de estos elementos, veamos su por qué existencial.
Quicktime
Authors: Poveda Jordi
Published: May 2020

La navegación por Internet, cada día más rápida entre diferentes elementos multimedia también nos habrá llevado a observar que los medios de reproducción más utilizados en los envios de información de películas están todavía debatiéndose entre el mundo del Real Player y de Quicktime. Éste último, como pieza ya integrada en los navegadores desde las versiones 3.X apunta con mayor firmeza en el mundo del streaming, si bien ninguno sabemos con certeza qué nos depararán las novedades en este aspecto y el ritmo de evolución de las grandes autopistas de la información y de su tratamiento informativo.
Passive Restoration of the Mountain Fens of the Caltho‑Alnetum Community in the Babia Góra National Park
Authors: Nicia Paweł , Bejger Romualda , Sterzyńska Maria , Zadrożny Paweł
Published: May 2020

Hydrogenic habitats play important ecological roles, particularly in mountain areas. In mountain areas, surface layers typically contain large concentrations of organic matter and are capable of accumulating large volumes of water. This has a positive impact on water management. Due to its specific properties, the soil in hydrogenic habitats supports many rare and often listed species of fauna and flora. Such hydrogenic habitats include: low sedge mountain fens and mountain fens of the Caltho‑Alnetum community which, despite their limited areas, have a positive impact on biodiversity. In the 20th century, drainage due to land use changes caused the degradation of many such habitats. As a result, soils from the organic matter accumulation phase entered the decay phase.  A consequence of the change in habitat conditions is the extinction of many plant and animal species of narrow ecological amplitude, usually classified as stenotopic species. To prevent the degradation of hydrogenic habitats, it is necessary to start their restoration processes, which should be the most effective and possibly least intrusive. The work discusses both the methodology and restoration procedures of selected degraded habitats of mountain fen of the Caltho‑Alnetum community in the Babia Góra National Park and presented the impact of those procedures on the water levels.
Distinct mitochondrial defects trigger the integrated stress response depending on the metabolic state of the cell
Authors: Mick Eran , Titov Denis V , Skinner Owen S , Sharma Rohit , Jourdain Alexis A , Mootha Vamsi K
Published: May 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) but the underlying triggers remain unclear. We systematically combined acute mitochondrial inhibitors with genetic tools for compartment-specific NADH oxidation to trace mechanisms linking different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR in proliferating mouse myoblasts and in differentiated myotubes. In myoblasts, we find that impaired NADH oxidation upon electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition depletes asparagine, activating the ISR via the eIF2α kinase GCN2. In myotubes, however, impaired NADH oxidation following ETC inhibition neither depletes asparagine nor activates the ISR, reflecting an altered metabolic state. ATP synthase inhibition in myotubes triggers the ISR via a distinct mechanism related to mitochondrial inner-membrane hyperpolarization. Our work dispels the notion of a universal path linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the ISR, instead revealing multiple paths that depend both on the nature of the mitochondrial defect and on the metabolic state of the cell.
TUBB4A mutations result in both glial and neuronal degeneration in an H-ABC leukodystrophy mouse model
Authors: Sase Sunetra , Almad Akshata A , Boecker C Alexander , Guedes-Dias Pedro , Li Jian J , Takanohashi Asako , Patel Akshilkumar , McCaffrey Tara , Patel Heta , Sirdeshpande Divya , Curiel Julian , Shih-Hwa Liu Judy , Padiath Quasar , Holzbaur Erika LF , Scherer Steven S , Vanderver Adeline
Published: May 2020

Mutations in TUBB4A result in a spectrum of leukodystrophy including Hypomyelination with Atrophy of Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC), a rare hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, often associated with a recurring variant p.Asp249Asn (D249N). We have developed a novel knock-in mouse model harboring heterozygous (Tubb4aD249N/+) and the homozygous (Tubb4aD249N/D249N) mutation that recapitulate the progressive motor dysfunction with tremor, dystonia and ataxia seen in H-ABC. Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice have myelination deficits along with dramatic decrease in mature oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells. Additionally, a significant loss occurs in the cerebellar granular neurons and striatal neurons in Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. In vitro studies show decreased survival and dysfunction in microtubule dynamics in neurons from Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice. Thus Tubb4aD249N/D249N mice demonstrate the complex cellular physiology of H-ABC, likely due to independent effects on oligodendrocytes, striatal neurons, and cerebellar granule cells in the context of altered microtubule dynamics, with profound neurodevelopmental deficits.
True S-cones are concentrated in the ventral mouse retina and wired for color detection in the upper visual field
Authors: Nadal-Nicolás Francisco M , Kunze Vincent P , Ball John M , Peng Brian T , Krishnan Akshay , Zhou Gaohui , Dong Lijin , Li Wei
Published: May 2020

Color, an important visual cue for survival, is encoded by comparing signals from photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities. The mouse retina expresses a short wavelength-sensitive and a middle/long wavelength-sensitive opsin (S- and M-opsin), forming opposing, overlapping gradients along the dorsal-ventral axis. Here, we analyzed the distribution of all cone types across the entire retina for two commonly used mouse strains. We found, unexpectedly, that ‘true S-cones’ (S-opsin only) are highly concentrated (up to 30% of cones) in ventral retina. Moreover, S-cone bipolar cells (SCBCs) are also skewed towards ventral retina, with wiring patterns matching the distribution of true S-cones. In addition, true S-cones in the ventral retina form clusters, which may augment synaptic input to SCBCs. Such a unique true S-cone and SCBC connecting pattern forms a basis for mouse color vision, likely reflecting evolutionary adaptation to enhance color coding for the upper visual field suitable for mice’s habitat and behavior.
Efficacy of and Resistance to Rifaximin-based Quadruple Therapy in Helicobacter pylori Eradication
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Dong Woo , Oh Dong Jun , Kwon Mingu , Choi Yoon Jin , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Kim Nayoung , Lee Dong Ho
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims: The treatment options for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are in a state of flux: traditional triple therapies have started to fail, and new treatments are unable to achieve optimal eradication rates. Rifaximin and rifabutin are new antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding rifaximin to the standard triple regimen and of a rifabutin-based triple regimen as a rescue therapy for H. pylori eradication.Materials and Methods: We enrolled 27 H. pylori-positive patients who were treated with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and rifaximin for 14 days. H. pylori eradication was assessed by a 13C-urea breath test performed 4 weeks after therapy completion. The efficacy of the therapy was based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis. We also investigated the resistance rate, compliance, and side effects associated with rifaximin therapy. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and resistance to rifabutin were evaluated using the agar dilution method.Results: Of the 27 patients, 22 completed the treatment protocol with 100% compliance; five patients withdrew. The ITT and PP eradication rates for the rifaximin-containing quadruple therapy were 70.4% (19/27) and 86.3% (19/22), respectively. Adverse events were observed in five of 22 patients (22.7%). The resistance rates to rifaximin and rifabutin were 66.7% (2/3) and 0% (0/3), respectively.Conclusions: The findings of this study show the limitations of rifaximin-based quadruple therapy and suggest the benefits of a rifabutin-based rescue regimen in South Korea.
In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Chitosan Encapsulated Bromelain against Eggs, Larval and Adult Stages of Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Hunduza Arthur , Kagira John , Maina Naomi , Andala Dickson , Cheruiyot Kipyegon , Kahiro Shadrack
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro ovicidal, larvicidal and adult mortality activity of bromelain encapsulated in chitosan nanocarriers against H. contortus. Bromelain was isolated from peels of ripe pineapple from Kiambu County, Kenya. Isolation of bromelain was conducted with several stages of fractionations with ammonia sulphate salt and dialysis. Encapsulation of bromelain was done by use of methyl cellulose-chitosan in order to control release and activity. The encapsulated chitosan nanocarriers were then subjected to in vitro ovicidal, larvicidal and adult mortality activity according to standard procedures. The results of the assays showed that encapsulated bromelain had an IC50 of 0.249 mg/ml, 0.251 mg/ml and 0.140 mg/ml on the egg hatch, larval and adult worm mortality assays, respectively. All these values showed better activity than bromelain although there was no significant difference (p˃0.05) between activities of encapsulated bromelain and bromelain. There was also a significant difference (p<0.05), between Albendazole and the rest of the test drugs. In conclusion, this study has shown that encapsulated bromelain has anthelmintic activity on different developmental stages of H. contortus parasite and that it should be further investigated and developed as a novel anthelmintic drug for control of H. contortus and hence improve production of small ruminants.
Results on the Joint Essential Maximal Numerical Ranges
Authors: Cyprian O. S.
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, we show the equivalent denitions of the joint essential maximal numerical range. In the current paper, we show that the properties of the classical numerical range such as compactness also hold for the joint essential maximal numerical range. Further, we show that the joint essential maximal numerical range is contained in the joint maximal numerical range.
Alginate Sulfate Substrates Control Growth Factor Binding and Growth of Primary Neurons: Toward Engineered 3D Neural Networks
Authors: Kfoury Georges , El Habbaki Vanessa , Malaeb Waddah , Weaver Sean , Momotenko Dmitry , Mhanna Rami
Published: May 2020

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) are vital molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the nervous system known to regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons mainly through binding relevant growth factors. Alginate sulfate (AlgSulf) mimics sGAGs and binds growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2). Here, thin films of biotinylated AlgSulf (b‐AlgSulfn) are engineered with sulfation degrees (DS = 0.0 and 2.7) and the effect of polysaccharide concentration on FGF‐2 and nerve growth factor (β‐NGF) binding and subsequent primary neural viability and neurite outgrowth is assessed. An increase in b‐AlgSulfnconcentration results in higher FGF‐2 and β‐NGF binding as demonstrated by greater frequency and dissipation shifts measured with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D). Primary neurons seeded on the 2D b‐AlgSulfnfilms maintain high viability comparable to positive controls grown on poly‐d‐lysine. Neurons grown in 3D AlgSulf hydrogels (DS = 0.8) exhibit a significantly higher viability, neurite numbers and mean branch length compared to neurons grown in nonsulfated controls. Finally, a first step is made toward constructing 3D neuronal networks by controllably patterning neurons encapsulated in AlgSulf into an alginate carrier. The substrates and neural networks developed in the current study can be used in basic and applied neural applications.
Antifungal‐Inbuilt Metal–Organic‐Frameworks Eradicate Candida albicans Biofilms
Authors: Su Linzhu , Li Yuanfeng , Liu Yong , Ma Rujiang , Liu Yang , Huang Fan , An Yingli , Ren Yijin , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. , Shi Linqi
Published: May 2020

Fungal biofilms cause a major clinical problem with a shrinking armamentarium for treatment. Here, the design and synthesis of voriconazole‐inbuilt zinc 2‐methylimidazolates frameworks (V‐ZIF) is reported. Voriconazole is built in through coordination‐binding between zinc and voriconazole. These metal–organic‐frameworks with inbuilt voriconazole, reduce inadvertent voriconazole‐leakage, yield a zero‐order release kinetics of voriconazole, aid antifungal penetration in Candida albicans biofilms, and prevent Candida aggregation yielding better dispersal. Once accumulated in an acidic C. albicans biofilm, voriconazole dissociates from the metal–organic framework to cause membrane‐damage and killing of inhabiting fungi. Moreover, in a murine model, the V‐ZIFs eradicate open‐wound infections caused by C. albicans better than voriconazole in solution, with negligible side effects to the healthy tissues of major organs. Thus, V‐ZIFs may provide a welcome addition to the antifungal armamentarium currently available for the treatment of fungal biofilms.