bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of broilers to dietary balanced protein. 1. Feed intake and growth
Authors: Azevedo Jefferson Moraes , de Paula Reis Matheus , Gous Robert M. , de Paula Dorigam Juliano César , Leme Bruno Balbino , Sakomura Nilva Kazue
Published: June 2021

Context Knowing the broilers’ response to the intake of balanced protein allows nutritionists to choose the optimal level to be used in the feed. Aims The objective of the present study was to describe the response of male and female broilers of two commercial strains to a range of dietary balanced protein levels. Methods In total, 2496 sexed chicks (equal numbers of Ross 308 and Cobb 500) were used. Six dietary balanced protein levels × two strains × two sexes (24 treatments) were randomly allocated to 96-floor pens, using four replications of 26 chicks each. Feed intake, bodyweight, feed conversion efficiency, carcass weight and the weights of the breast without skin, thigh plus drum (leg) and wing were measured at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days of age. Key results Feed intake in all periods in both strains and sexes increased as the dietary balanced protein level decreased, and then decreased markedly at the lowest balanced protein levels. Only at 14 days did the responses differ between strains and sexes; in all other cases, the responses differed only between sexes. At 14 days, the response in bodyweight differed between strains and sexes, whereas at all other samplings they differed only between sexes. The response in carcass, breast and wing yield at 14 days was the same for both strains and sexes but differed between strains and sexes at 28 days. At 42 and 56 days, the response differed only between sexes. The response in leg (thigh-plus-drum) weight at 14 days was the same for both strains and sexes, but after that differed between sexes only. Body lipid content increased linearly initially, and then quadratically, as dietary protein content was reduced. Conclusions Appropriate equations are presented for describing the above responses of broiler chickens, male and female, from two commercial strains. Implications The fitted equations may be used to calculate the optimum economic level of dietary balanced protein to be used under different economic circumstances.
Screening quinoa (
Authors: Aydoğdu Mehmet , Koç Ali
Published: June 2021

Downy mildew caused by Peronospora variabilis is a major fungal disease limiting yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) around the world. Existing quinoa cultivars do not have adequate levels of resistance to the disease. In the present study, 165 quinoa accessions were screened for resistance to the disease in two consecutive years. Disease ratings were performed by using a three-leaf scoring technique. In 2018, of 70 quinoa accessions, 47.14% were moderately resistant and 18.57% were highly resistant. However, in 2019, of 95 accessions, 44.21% showed moderately resistant reaction and 26.31% highly resistant reaction to the disease. The average of AUDPC (area under disease progress curve) of all the accessions was 1293.42 in 2018, and 931.68 in 2019. The disease caused significant (P < 0.01) cumulative defoliations in susceptible accessions. AUDPC was positively correlated (r = 0.796 in 2018, r = 0.896 in 2019) with defoliation rate and negatively correlated (r = –0.834 in 2018, r = –0.599 in 2019) with plant height. There were also negative correlations (r = –0.755 in 2018, r = –0.580 in 2019) between defoliation rate and plant height. The study not only revealed resistant germplasm but also showed the importance of screening downy mildew resistance by comparing disease-related agronomic characteristics.
Maternal protein restriction before and during pregnancy leads to a gestational day-dependent response of folliculogenesis in outbred mice
Authors: Cardoso Lucas C. , Costa Beatriz F. M. D. , Felicioni Fernando , Oliveira Dirce R. , Caliari Marcelo V. , Bloise Enrrico , Chiarini-Garcia Hélio , Almeida Fernanda R. C. L.
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of follicle development during pregnancy under experimental conditions could be a key factor to understanding maternal ovarian activity. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of maternal protein restriction before and during pregnancy on folliculogenesis. Swiss outbred female mice were allocated to either a control (CC; 20% protein) or treated (TT; 8% protein) group. Pregnant females were killed either on Gestational day (GD) 7.5 or GD17.5 and the ovaries were evaluated using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods. TT females showed higher feed and energy intakes, but lower bodyweight gain at GD17.5 (P < 0.05). They also had lower number of secondary follicles at GD7.5 and a higher proportion of primordial follicles at GD17.5 (P < 0.05). In addition, the areas of the secondary follicles and their granulosa layer were smaller in the TT group on GD7.5, whereas the areas of the oocyte and granulosa layer from atretic follicles were larger (P < 0.05). Notwithstanding the slight increase in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor expression on GD7.5 in the TT group, there was a marked reduction in IGF1 expression detected in secondary follicles on GD17.5 (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that protein restriction during pregnancy negatively affects follicle quality by reducing the size and activation capacity, which is more severe in late pregnancy.
Superelastic oxide micropillars enabled by surface tension–modulated 90° domain switching with excellent fatigue resistance
Authors: Li Yingwei , Chu Kangjie , Liu Chang , Jiang Peng , Qu Ke , Gao Peng , Wang Jie , Ren Fuzeng , Sun Qingping , Chen Longqing , Li Jiangyu
Published: June 2021

Significance

We demonstrate the micropillars of normally brittle BaTiO3(BTO) are superelastic as well as fatigue resistant over 1 million cycles without accumulating residual strains or noticeable variation in stress–strain curves over cycles. The mechanism of reversible 90° domain switching identified in our work is advantageous over the conventional phase transition mechanism as found in ZrO2and shape memory alloys, and it is not limited to BTO. Therefore, our work offers a promising strategy for realizing fatigue-resistant superelasticity in otherwise brittle ferroelectric materials.
Delegitimizing the media?
Authors: Egelhofer Jana Laura , Aaldering Loes , Lecheler Sophie
Published: June 2021

A growing literature on the impact of “fake news“ accusations on legacy news outlets suggests that the use of this
term is part of a much larger trend of increased and delegitimizing media criticism by political actors. However, so far, there is
very little empirical evidence on how prevailing politicians’ delegitimizing media criticism really is and under which conditions
it occurs. To fill these gaps, we present results of a content analysis of media-related Facebook postings by Austrian and German
politicians in 2017 (N = 2,921). The results suggest that media criticism, in general, is actually rare and that
about half of it can be described as delegitimizing (i.e., characterized by incivility or absence of argumentation). Most often,
media criticism is used by populist politicians, who accuse “the media” in general of bias and falsehoods.
Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus).
Authors: Hartung John S. , Guillermo León M.
Published: June 2021

CiLV-C is a quarantine pest which causes an economically important disease, reported only on the American continent. During the past 15 years, it has caused economic losses in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Panamá and Honduras. The disease was recently reported in Guatemala, Bolivia, México, Colombia and Belize. It is a threat to citrus-producing countries where the disease has not been reported. The disease can cause 100% yield loss (Rodrigues et al., 2000).
NANOGrav signal as mergers of Stupendously Large Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Atal Vicente , Sanglas Albert , Triantafyllou Nikolaos
Published: June 2021

We give an explanation for the signal detected by NANOGrav as the stochastic gravitational wave background from binary mergers of primordial “Stupendously Large Black Holes”(SLABs) of mass M ∼ (1011-1012)M
☉, and corresponding to roughly 0.1% of the dark matter. We show that the stringent bounds coming from μ distortions of the CMB can be surpassed if the perturbations resulting in these BHs arise from the non-Gaussian distribution of fluctuations expected in single field models of inflation generating a spike in the power spectrum. While the tail of the stochastic background coming from binaries with M ≲ 1011
M
☉ could both fit NANOGrav and respect μ distortions limits, they become excluded from large scale structure constraints.
Single-Phase Transformerless Line Interactive Uninterruptable Power Supply with Two Independent Control Algorithms
Authors: Halim Nur Sabrina Abdul , Rahman Nor Farahaida Abdul , Baharom Rahimi , Zainuri Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the development of two independent control algorithms for an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS). It is a mitigation tool to mitigate power interruption. The UPS circuit consists of a bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter, a rechargeable battery and a DC-AC/AC-DC converter. The bidirectional DC-DC converter has a function of charging (buck) or discharging (boost) the battery for maintaining DC-link voltage connected to the DC-AC/AC-DC converter. During the normal mode operation, the DC-AC/AC-DC converter supplies voltage to the bidirectional converter by performing AC to DC conversion. Instead, during the backup mode, the converter supplies voltage to the load by performing DC to AC conversion. In this work, a single-loop voltage control algorithm regulates the bidirectional converter. For the DC-AC/AC-DC converter, a multi-loop control algorithm regulates the output current using the inner loop and the output voltage using the outer loop. MATLAB/Simulink simulates the UPS to determine its performance during normal and backup mode operation. From the simulation results, both independent control algorithms can regulate the operation of both converters during both modes of operation. As a result, the UPS system is capable of supplying sinusoidal waveforms with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of output current and output voltage. Both THD values are below 4%.
Systematic Literature Review and Critical Success Factor Analysis to Determine a Model’s Implementation Elements
Authors: Ismail S , Marjudi S , Wan Hassan W A , Raja Lope Ahmad R M T , Md Kassim A A
Published: June 2021

Model implementation is a tedious process. The theoretical studies of a concept and its implementation are quite challenging. One of the biggest challenges is to identify a model’s elements, especially when it involves integrating two or more complex and dynamic fields into one combined model. This research aims to identify the implementation elements of a shariah compliant business analytics model called Halal Supply Chain Management Transactions (HSCMT) Model. This research used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in order to qualitatively analyse the Critical Success Factor (CSF) of HSCMT, which produced the HSCMT Model implementation elements. The CSF Analysis results showed that there were 19 related CSF elements with emphasis of 57.9% on external factors and 89.5% on building-adapting factors. Results also showed that the most important aspect of HSCMT were environmental factors, followed by factors of SME owners and their organization, the Halal industry, and lastly the role of financial institutes. This proves that both SLR and CSF can be used as integration tools in identifying a model’s implementation element, thus improving data collections method for models when researching in a movement constraint period such as during a pandemic outbreak.
An Efficient of Chimera Grid Scheme with Spline Interpolation in FBTS Inversion Technique for Extremely Dense Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Wee B S , Hong Ping K , Sahrani S
Published: June 2021

Microwave imaging system is classified as non-invasive, simple to perform and inexpensive compared to MRI and X-Ray machine. Therefore, the novel idea of this research work is to develop a Chimera Grid Scheme (CGS) incorporate with the microwave inverse scattering technique in a low cost, non-ionising and safe short-range. The CGS with spline interpolation in Forward Backward Time-Stepping (FBTS) inversion technique can determined an accurate result especially for the biological anomalies like breast tumours at an early curable stage due to the high electrical properties contrast between malignant cells and normal cells. The findings showed that the proposed method successfully detected and reconstructed the breast structure in relative permittivity profiles. The quantitative information of reconstructed images, such as location, shape, size and internal composition also can be obtained. Furthermore, the normalised functional error for proposed method was also lower than the FDTD method in FBTS. At 150th iteration, the difference of normalised functional error between these two methods was 1.74 × 10−5. The result shows that the CGS method in FBTS inversion technique would reconstruct breast composition more precisely.
Association rule mining method for the identification of internet use
Authors: Wibowo Wahyu , Sari Natalia Permata , Wilantari Regina Niken , Abdul-Rahman Shuzlina
Published: June 2021

Internet penetration in the majority of Indonesian cities has exponentially increased, as seen from the increasing number of internet users in schools, businesses and society in general. The purpose of internet use varies to include searching for information, sending emails, chatting, entertainment, as well as buying and selling goods/services, among other reasons. However, it is compelling to note that one of the factors affecting internet use is gender. Hence, this research aims to reveal the different patterns in internet use by considering gender differences. The data comes from the National Social Economic Survey conducted in the East Java Province, and association rule is used for the data mining method. The results from examining one itemset show that both male and female genders mostly use the internet to access social media. However, the outcomes are different for other itemsets. The results from analysing two itemsets based on male and female groups reveal that both genders use the internet for financial services and news. The use of association rule mining to examine three itemsets demonstrates that most male users simultaneously access emails, financial services and news. Meanwhile, most female users access financial services, goods/services and news.
Analysis of Green IoT
Authors: Khan Nitasha , Sajak Aznida Abu Bakar , Alam Muhammad , Mazliham M.S
Published: June 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an idea and theory of connecting billions of devices and enable them to exchange a massive amount of information. Green IoT visualize the theory of IoT with improved energy efficiency. The overview of Green IoT and the challenges that were faced due to the excessive usage of energy hungry IoT devices were given initially. The research of energy efficiency in IoT had been presented extensively in this paper. Authors presented some challenges, existing works, opportunities, and future directions of green IoT.
AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (ACAS) APPLICATION
Authors: Jamlos Mohd Aminudin , Moorali Jegan , Mustafa Wan Azani Wan , Idrus Syed Zulkarnain Syed
Published: June 2021

Automotive collision avoidance system is a system that avoid collision when danger occur. It is also very helpful in order to alert the drivers and passengers. The system also reacts to danger automatically, faster, and more efficient. The system is implemented on a remote control car. The remote control car can automatically brake when the difference between front ultrasonic sensor and obstacle is less than 35cm. While the system applies automatic braking system a red LED will light on. Furthermore, the system is also surrounded with another 3 ultrasonics which is on both sides and at the back of the prototype. In this project, this system is using 2 controllers which is Raspberry Pi 4B and Arduino Uno. A camera module is connected to Rasberry Pi which detects the corresponding object. Next, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect distance and send the reading to Arduino Uno to calculate distance. LCD is used to display the calculated distance. This system also uses dc motor to control the movement of the remote control car through the Arduino Uno controller LED’s and a buzzer is used as alerting devices for the prototype.
Development of MySimB’: A Motivational Aspect
Authors: Aziz Nur Sukinah , Yacob Azliza , Sulaiman Noor Suhana , Hassan Wan Nur Idayu Tun Mohd , Rahman Saadiah A , Zakaria Nur Liyana
Published: June 2021

Simpulan Bahasa is one of essential learning subject in Malaysia. Most students learn Simpulan Bahasa by reading books, which considered as normal/manual practice. If student intent to search Simpulan Bahasa, student have to search through books as the dictionary of proverbs. It is however quite ancient and sometimes burdensome for student to bring the dictionary. According to this matter, MySimB’ was developed through mobile learning using ADDIE methodology. The development of MySimB’ inention is to help primary school student to learn a standard Malay Simpulan Bahasa easily and effectively. MySimB’ is interactive website which was developed to ease learning and interactive medium for student, teacher and parent to learn or teach Simpulan Bahasa. MySimB’ provide index using alphabetic, meaning and an example of sentence for each Simpulan Bahasa, searching and learning games to attract student in Simpulan Bahasa learning.
Determination of Suitable Resource Discovery Tool and Methodology for High-Volume Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Bakar Mohd Tamizan Abu , Jamal Azrul Amri
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses several issues supporting a knowledge-based methodology for discovery of high-volume IoT resources in the simulator NS-3 environment. We found the concept was developed in previous researches, especially based on widely accepted concepts of Q-Learning discovery model. The model is validated using samples from emulations of tested data in the NS-3 simulator. Proper simulation in NS-3 based on the different modules such as checkpoint and restore was used to model and analyse the data. The main feasibility checkpointing concept of simulations in the NS-3 processes were using Distributed Multi-Threaded Checkpointing (DMTCP) to run on a single machine and Message Passing Interface (MPI) under distributed machine to speed up the NS-3 model initialization and execution. As the chosen model to be implemented in this analysis, the Q-learning algorithm proposal offers a possible solution for addressing evolving IoT environments and configurations. Q-learning is one of the successful techniques available for the exploration of IoT nodes, but context-based problems have already been established and simplified as issues of dedicated server management, IoT object data acquisition issues, and unique application requirements. The findings empirically support the validation of the Q-Learning model improvement for high-volume IoT resource discovery cases. The study will contribute to the new model development by providing new insights on the conceptualization and validation of knowledge-based methodology based on widely accepted techniques and approaches.
IoT Real-Time Soil Monitoring Based on LoRa for Palm Oil Plantation
Authors: Saleh Muhammad Syarafuddin Md , Sajak Aznida Abu Bakar , Mohamad Rafidei , Zaaba Mohd Ariff Majmi
Published: June 2021

IoT Real-Time Soil Monitoring based on LoRa for Palm Oil Plantation is a prototype that can send data to the receiver using LoRa technology. The prototype used LoRa technology because it is a long range and low-cost technology. The prototype used LoRa SX1278 and the sensors as the main components. It shows the communication between the sender and receiver of LoRa technology and notifies the user soil tilt and temperature in real time via the ThingSpeak platform. A tilt and temperature sensors must be attached at the LoRa sender. It then sends data to the LoRa receiver. As the data received by the receiver, it will then display the data using the serial monitor and also at the LoRa receiver’s OLED. This prototype is easy to use and easy to set up as the soil monitoring system. This Real-time Soil monitoring system helped the user to know the tilt and temperature readings via the ThingSpeak.
Numerical investigation of Two-phase Turbulent forced convection heat transfer and flow of nanofluids in a non-parallel wall minichannel heat sink
Authors: Muhammad N M , Sidik N A C , Saat Aminuddin , Japar W A M , Yusop S N , Asako Y
Published: June 2021

A Miniaturisation is an advance micro-technology of size reduction of handheld electronic devices which significantly enhance their performance though with a substantial increase in a thermal generation. Quick and efficient dissipation of the heat flux ensures reliability and prevent premature failure. This work employs simultaneous passive techniques of using nanofluid and corrugated minichannel configuration on forced convection heat to improve hydro-thermal performance and examine the effect of nanofluids on heat transfer and pressure drop. The CFD analysis is conducted by FLUENT software using two-phase mixture model under a uniform heat flux for two different water-based nanofluids with volume fractions of 0.005–0.03 and the range of Reynolds numbers 5000–10000. Validation of the numerical results with existing data in the literature displays a good agreement with a fair deviation. The results indicated that the heat transfer rates and wall shear stress increase with the increase of the nanofluid volume concentration. Besides, Heat transfer coefficient appreciates by about 39% at 3vol% with an increase of Re from 5000 to 10000 for both nanofluids. In contrast, the friction factor increases and causes a fair pressure drop. Hence passive enhancement techniques used indicated high suitability for hydro-thermal performance in compact electronic devices.
Smart Control Led Downlight, Socket and Switch Using IOT With QR Security
Authors: Hussian Ammar Husaini , Ali Kharudin , Hat Afidatul Nadia Mok , Atan Farraniza , Mohd Wan Syahidah Wan , Ayub Mohd Anuar Mohamed , Shaharudin Mohd Rizal
Published: June 2021

The aim of the project was to design a smart control LED downlight and socket using IoT system with QR security. It was proposed to solve the user problem when they forget to switch OFF the LED downlight and socket when they are not around. The function of this system is to control and monitor the ON/OFF the LED downlight and socket by using Internet of Things (IOT). Only user with Quick Response (QR) code can control and monitor the system.
Thermal behaviour of different non-ionic surfactant concentration on the polymeric membrane
Authors: BadrulHaswan B , Hassan A R , Ali K , Redhwan A A M , Nasir A
Published: June 2021

The principal objective of a study is indeed a well-functioning membrane such as high reject efficiency and high flow rate. In fact, too many studies are carried out on factors influencing the membrane, such as pressure intensity, polymer form, additive type, temperature influence during processing, and so on. Therefore, the study of thermal behaviour of surfactant concentration is vital to study the glass transition effect in good membrane production. Therefore, in this study, the main objective is to analyse the morphology structural effect of TX 100 surfactant on membrane by FTIR spectrum, and also to evaluate the thermal behaviour of different concentration of surfactant on membrane using DSC analysis. In order to study the thermal behaviour, membrane with 0, 1, 3 and 5 wt% was prepared. The effects of TX 100 concentration on membrane and thermal analysis have been studied and discussed. Membrane without TX 100 has 30 °C of glass transition temperature (Tg) while membrane with 5 wt% TX 100 has the highest Tg among the membranes. Therefore, the addition of surfactant to the membrane has an effect on Tg, thereby also impacting the porosity.
Investigation the effect of heat treatment on brass defect measurement using Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Rifai Damhuji , Ibrahim Mohd Fadhil , Ali Kharudin , Abdalla Ahmed N. , Faraj Moneer A. , Pazikadin Abdul Rahim
Published: June 2021

Eddy current technology has been used as a non-destructive method of measuring material properties for many years. Most applications of the eddy current technique lie in locating surface or subsurface flaws and evaluating material characteristics. This paper investigated the effect of heated brass material on material conductivity and defect measurement using eddy current testing (ECT). The ECT signal is compared and analyses in order study the effect of annealing on electrical properties of brass material. Brass block sample is designed and artificial defect with depth of 0.5mm 1.00mm and 2.00mm fabricated using Electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine. Industrial standard ECT set is used inspect the conductivity depth of defect brass sample before and after annealing process. Different frequency of ECT coil excitation are applied in order to determine the suitable ECT inspection frequency on brass material. The experimental results show the heat treatment decrease the conductivity of brass material. Due the changes of electrical properties on heated brass, the measurement of depth defect affected the value of amplitude ECT signal. Where the heated brass material reduced 10% IACS signal.
Electrical Conductivity of Electroless Nickel/YSZ deposition for SOFC anode
Authors: Nazhan S. A. , Bahiyah Baba N.
Published: June 2021

The paper discusses on the electrical conductivity on nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) deposition for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode. The work measures the thickness of Ni-YSZ deposition onto substrate and the electrical conductivity of the anode of SOFC. The thickness of deposition is measured using digital micrometer while the conductivity is obtained by measuring resistance using Fluke multimeter. The factors in this work are particle size and particle condition and using Taguchi method to design the experiment in Minitab 19. It was found out that optimal parameter for high thickness of deposition and high conductivity is nano particle size and uncoated particle condition. The sample using optimal parameter were measured of its conductivity in SOFC environment using furnace up to 700°C. It shows that the optimum condition for SOFC anode is at 700°C to achieved high electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity performance of Ni/YSZ anode fabricated by electroless nickel deposition was found out comparable to previous study.
Optimum Wavelength for Oxygen Detection using optical absorption
Authors: Ibrahim MT , Manap H.
Published: June 2021

Oxygen gas detection systems are used in many areas such as environment, clinical, food and automotive industries. Most of the detection systems are based on chemical absorption sensing method. This type of sensing method has their own drawbacks. Therefore, a development of a new oxygen sensor using an optical method is necessary as an alternative to the current sensors. A preliminary study on the molecular absorption cross section for oxygen gas is vital to determine the optimum wavelength is reported. The experimental setup consists of four major components which are light source, gas cell, detector and optical fibre cable. For the light source, a deuterium-halogen bulb will be used as it can provide a broadband wavelength light source from 215 nm - 2500 nm. A miniature spectrometer will be used as the detector and the gas cell is connected to the light source and detector using the optical fibre cables. A software package to display absorption of oxygen molecules is installed in a computer to study on the optimum wavelength. The experiment results show that the light is most absorbed at 230 nm and absorption is increased by cell length. The highest absorption was observed to be in a 100 cm gas cell length with pressurized 5 bar of 99% pure oxygen gas. Based on this result, a wavelength of 230 nm is selected as optimum wavelength to detect oxygen.
Optimization on the Effect of Nozzle Orifice Coolant Supply during Machining Automotive Material Al319
Authors: Zainal Ariffn S , Efendee A. M. , Alias M. , Redhwan A.A.M. , Muhamed M.N. , Yusoff Ahmad Razlan
Published: June 2021

The thermal effect of the adhesive material of Aluminum Alloy 319 (Al319) on the cutting tool (insert) causes major problems in surface roughness, tool wear, as well as temperature due to the tendency to melt during the cutting process which can lead to the formation of formed edges, inaccuracies of measurement on the workpiece, surface damaged due to oxidation, which can reduce the life of the insert. The objective of this research is to optimize the nozzle cooling system method in the machining performance of Aluminum alloy 319 to achieve good surface roughness, low-temperature reading, and less insert wear by selecting machining parameters appropriate to cutting speed, cutting depth, and feed rate. The variety of orifice nozzle measurements used from nozzles 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm with the use of different machining parameters (cutting and spindle speed and with fixed cutting depth) using on CNC lathe condition. This method is done by the basic reaction surface (RSM), which is one of the alternative methods to minimize the cutting process that can be done at high cutting speed in which the temperature can minimize the formation of wear on the insert. Built-in edges and thermal construction can reduce the roughness of the work surface. The results of this research the smallest orifice nozzle used able to minimize the thermal impact and reduce the temperature that causes the arrangement of lower build edges (BUE). Therefore, better surface roughness, minimum insert use as well as low temperatures can be achieved. This is because the direction of the coolant can be directed at a point that can remove heat from the chips. The use of cutting fluid from the smallest nozzle size and technical conditions in the machining process can also be offered to obtain productivity, high-quality products, lower costs as well as minimize environmental impact (refrigerant waste is generated). This research is very useful to minimize the cost of the machining process budget and also increase productivity in the machining industry and can also decrease the dependency of machine operators on the skills and knowledge available.
An Extensive Comparison Between CBSEM and Consistent PLS-SEM On Producing the Estimates of Construct Correlation in Applied Research
Authors: Afthanorhan Asyraf , Awang Zainudin , Aimran Nazim , Arifin Juliana
Published: June 2021

Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is always recognized as the method of choice across research fields when involving multiple construct, observed variables and relationships. However, there are a very few studies had investigated the SEM efficiency on producing the construct correlation. Thus, the Monte Carlo simulation was conducted on two different methods (CBSEM and Consistent PLS) using different sample size and model. The findings revealed that the CBSEM is performed consistently than Consistent PLS when the model being tested is in factor. The recommendations also provided to guide the SEM users.
Forecasting Stock Market Price of Gold, Silver, Crude Oil and Platinum by Using Double Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Linear Trend and Random Walk
Authors: Shukor Shuhaidah Abdul , Sufahani Suliadi Firdaus , Khalid Kamil , Wahab Mohd Helmy Abd , Idrus Syed Zulkarnain Syed , Ahmad Asmala , Subramaniam Tamil Selvan
Published: June 2021

Forecasting is an approach that has been used widely for ages. However, forecasting stock market price is a challenging task to be completed as the data fluctuates rapidly along the time and can be influenced by a variety of factors. Hence, this study aims to forecast the stock market price of gold, silver, crude oil and platinum by using Double Exponential Smoothing, Holt’s Linear Trend and Random Walk. Then, measures the forecast model obtained by using Sum Square Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error which later can be used in determining the best forecasting method. Based on the analysis done, the result shows that Holt’s Linear Trend is the better forecasting method compared to Double Exponential Smoothing and Random Walk.
Compact and Wide Bandwidth Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter Wave Technology: Design and Analysis
Authors: Noor Shehab Khan , Ramli Nurulazlina , Sahar Norsuzlin Mohd , Khalifa Taher
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a compact microstrip patch antenna for 5G Millimeter wave technology has been proposed. By developing wide bandwidth characteristics, long ranges of data transfer are covered with better quality of signal transmission in 5G communication system. Modification of antenna element; patch width structured has influenced the frequency bandwidth. The design, analysis and optimization of the proposed work along with parametric analysis were performed using CST Microwave Studio. A microstrip patch antenna has been designed with high bandwidth millimeter wave, compact dimension, consistent radiation patterns and relatively higher gain at 28 GHz (mm-wave) band. FR-4 substrate has been employed in this work with a dielectric constant value of 4.3, thickness value of 1.6 mm and loss tangent value of 0.025.The proposed antenna has achieved high bandwidth which is 14.674 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -40.14 dB, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value of 1.1098 dB and maximum gain of 5.29 dB with high directivity of 7.465 dBi. The antenna results of this work proved to be useful in fulfilling the requirements of wider bandwidth and higher gain particularly at 28 GHz for 5G applications.
Interval frequency estimation by cross-correlation analysis
Authors: Kostiukov I A
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a substantiation of interval frequency estimation which can be carried out based on frequency dependence of calculated values of cross-correlation coefficient between analyzed signal and reference sine function with zero initial phase. In considered approach the interval of frequencies which contains the exact frequency of analyzed signal is established by finding the range of frequencies limited by the maximum value of the main lobe and the closest zero crossing of this lobe. The results of carried out simulations for interval frequency estimation of a multifrequency signal are also given.
Experimental investigation on thermal conductivity and viscosity of purified aged transformer oil based SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluid for Electric Multiple Unit Train
Authors: Deenesh N.K. , Mahmood A. , Kadir Ghazali , Hasnan Khalid , Nafarizal N.
Published: June 2021

High voltage traction transformer of electric train demands reliable transformer oil with good heat transfer properties. Anyhow thermal stress due to high temperature initiates premature thermal ageing that deteriorates the properties of transformer oil even after multiple purification process. Influence of silicon dioxide (SiO 2), aluminium oxide (Al 2O 3) and titanium oxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles on treating purified aged transformer oil (PATO) has been addressed in this study. Oil samples were collected after validation process using colour condition standards. Each nanoparticle was suspended in the aged oil using magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic bath at 0.1% volume concentration. Stability analysis was conducted using photo capturing and zeta potential analyser method. Thermal conductivity and viscosity were investigated from temperature range of 30°C to 70°C. Based on the experimental results, PATO-based SiO 2 nanofluid was chosen as no sedimentation detected even after 144 hours with zeta potential value of 71.83mV. Thermal conductivity of PATO was enhanced up to 20.83%. Besides that, the suggested nanofluid obeys Newtonian fluid law with the viscosity enhancement up to 6.7%. On the other hand, it was found that the properties of PATO were improved with the suspension of SiO 2 nanoparticles, thus helps railway industry to optimize the life span of transformer oil.
Feasibility Study of Future Seaports
Authors: Ahamad N.B , Othman M. , Che Mid E. , Fahmi M I , Suboh S. M. , Guerrero JM
Published: June 2021

Port is a focal point especially in the trade sector, where it is represented as hub for the import and export from one destination to another. Despite the fact that it gives positive impact to country specifically in economic sector but from the health sector, this activity leaves a negative impact on the environment and human health, especially those living near the port. Now, most of developed countries have made improvements by converting conventional engines (diesel engines) to electrical engines for major vehicles in ports. The same goes for shore-side ports, most of them using cold ironing (CI). However, all the modification is still raw and faced several challenges, especially in technical aspects such as voltage difference, frequency, supply / demand. It occurs due to the difference in standard voltage and frequency between shore-side and ship. Most of the ocean ship used 60 Hz. In addition, the main constraint faced is that the power supplied on the shore-side is not enough to meet the demand from customers. Thus, to make additions to the existing substation, it will require high initial costs. After evaluating the pros and cons, the new approach is taken to integrate this system into microgrid technology. Microgrid technology is a local cluster energy source with a control capability comprising Energy Distribution Resources (DER), which cover management request, storage, and loads. One of the advantages of a microgrid is that they can be connected or disconnected from the grid to operate autonomously.
An energy management system employing Direct Supply Strategy for the hybrid cogeneration application
Authors: Isa Normazlina Mat , Shariff Shafura , Wei Tan Chee
Published: June 2021

Cogeneration needs an efficient energy management system to ensure their components able to work with minimum cost and at the same time have the maximum efficient. Due to that, the planning on the energy operation is important part whereas the study on energy management system has been discussed widely. Hence, this article presents the Direct Supply Strategy (DiSS) with the application of Harmony Search Algorithms (HSA) to cater the energy management system optimization issue for hybrid FC-PV cogeneration. The component of hybrid FC-PV is including PEMFC, photovoltaic integrated with battery storage to meet a demand from the medical block in Hospital Temerloh. The recognized input parameters needed in the simulation is solved in MATLAB environment whereby the finding from the HSA is then benchmarked with the Genetic Algorithms in order to observe the efficiency of proposed HSA to solve the DiSS. In addition, the proposed operation mode of DiSS also presented. As a results, the total profits obtained from this strategy were estimated to be RM167 per day or RM6095.50 per year.
Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Multi DG Units Including Different Load Model Using Evolutionary Programming
Authors: Mohammed M. F. , Rahim S R A , Azmi A. , Wan Zanudin W. Z. , Hussain M H , Hashim N , Aliman O.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the optimal allocation and sizing of multi distributed generation (DG) units including different load models using evolutionary programming (EP) in solving power system optimization problem. This paper also studies on the effect of multi DG placement in different load model. To optimize the power distribution system, multi DG units were used to reduce losses power distribution system. By using EP, the optimal allocation and sizing of multi-DG was determined in order to obtain maximum benefits from its installation. The propose technique was tested into IEEE 69-bus distribution system. The result shows the placement of DG can reduce power loss 89% to 98%. The placement of multi-DG unit has better performance compare to single DG.
Assessment of in-house build low cost solar panel simulator
Authors: Fauzi F , Tajudin M F N , Mohamed M F , Azmi A , Manaf N A A
Published: June 2021

It is well known that solar simulator is a very important equipment in solar panels research and development (R&D). Solar simulator is mainly used to assess the efficiency of solar panels. However, the cost to acquire such system is expensive and prone to malfunction when used repeatedly. The cost to repair solar simulator when malfunction is also expensive and time consuming. As an alternative, low cost solar simulator has been built independently by a group of researcher from Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology (FTKE), University of Malaysia, Perlis (UniMAP) using 88 GU-10 halogen bulbs. This paper presents the assessment of the in-house build low cost solar panel simulator. The simulator was tested in three separate experiments to plot the current-voltage (IV) curve. The IV curves obtained from these experiments were analysed to determine the irradiance input (in Wm −2) of the solar simulator. Results have shown that the in-house build solar simulator has an input of 350 ∼ 400 Wm −2 if solar panels are suspended 20 cm above the halogen bulbs.
Assessment of Control Drive Technologies for Induction Motor: Industrial Application to Electric Vehicle
Authors: Ahmad Firdaus A. Z. , Azmi S. A. , Kamarudin K. , Hwai L.J. , Ali H. , Azalan M. S. Z. , Kasa Zamri Che Mat
Published: June 2021

Nowadays electric vehicle has increasingly gained much popularity indicated by growing global share market targeted at 30% by 2030 after recording 7.2million global stock in 2019. Compared to Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) counterpart, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) produce zero tailpipe emission which greatly reducing carbon footprints. Induction motor has been widely used and its control technology has evolved from scalar type volt/hertz to recent predictive control technology. This allows induction motor’s application to expand from being the workhorse of industry to become prime mover in electric vehicle, where high performance is expected. Among vector control scheme, Direct Torque Control (DTC) has gained interest over Field Oriented Control (FOC) with simpler structure, better robustness and dynamics performance yet suffer from high torque and flux ripple. In electric vehicle applications, high ripple at low speed is highly undesirable, potentially causing torsional vibration. High performance control requires speed sensor integration, which often increase complexity in the design. The work aims to review the best control technology for induction motor in electric vehicle application through performance parameter evaluation such as improvement on dynamic response, torque and flux ripple reduction, and component optimization. Several arise issues in motor control and possible methods to circumvent are highlighted in this work. In conclusion, model predictive torque control (MPTC) is the most promising scheme for electric vehicle with excellent dynamic response, good low speed performance, and 50% torque ripple reduction compared to conventional DTC and potential integration with sliding mode observer for sensorless solution.
On some logical relation properties for rough neutrosophic set
Authors: Mohd Zainal S A , Ab Ghani A T , Abdullah L
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we mainly investigate the relation theory and topological structures of rough neutrosophic sets which constructed by combining rough sets and neutrosophic sets. Firstly, we introduce the concept of algebra which is operations and identity relation. Then, discuss the properties of inverse, reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive relation of rough neutrosophic set. Further, regular sets form a Boolean algebra is introduced from the interior and closure of interior in rough neutrosophic sets. The results establish can help to gain more insight in rough neutrosophic sets.
Route Beaconing (RouteBea) Process in GreedLea Routing Protocol for Internet of Vehicle (IoV) Network Environment
Authors: Omar N , Yaakob N , Saidahmed M E E , Husin Z
Published: June 2021

Practically, vehicles tend to travel in long distances. As a result, a vehicle might attach to different network scenarios and topologies. This unique behavior in IoV brings the attention for a robust routing protocol design. For example, a vehicle that runs the same routing protocol, while it moves from one geographical area to another, it experiences different network topology requirements, and thus, the performance of the routing protocol contrasts. Consequently, the performances of the network drop. Considering a huge number of vehicles join in these networks with their high mobility, there are still having problem due to the viability of applications via different network topology. Traffic management problems come up as number of vehicle has been growing at an exponential rate. In order to make life easier, emergency response to road accidents, speed limits, and pollution checks should be considered to be observed. The common applied to this problem are observing of vehicle’s speed via CCTV cameras, speed trackers and periodic pollution checks. However, these approaches be inclined to fail as a large number of vehicles need to be observed. Therefore, GreedLea routing protocol has been develop to overcome the problem of monitoring the traffic condition and traffic congestion. In GreedLea routing protocol, path interval is provided by the host to other vehicle to update the condition of traffic and routes in certain area. The details about GreedLea routing protocol has been described in following section. The performance of the GreedLea routing in different speed and distance has been analyze and presented in result and discussion section. In the result, it shows that the performance of GreedLea increase in the packet delivery ratio (PDR) which is packet loss is less than 0.1% and reducing protocol overhead by approximately 20-60% as the vehicle’s speed increase for beaconing intervals in the range of 1-3 seconds.
An overview of object detection from building point cloud data
Authors: Mansor H , Shukor S A A , Wong R
Published: June 2021

3D laser scanner, also known as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), is a device that able to collect dense representation of its surroundings. Its data in point cloud form is commonly used to monitor complex environments like the highways, infrastructures and buildings. The rapid development of 3D laser scanner nowadays has assisted the process of managing complicated and huge areas, especially in building and facility management. As the advancement in architectural and civil engineering increases, building spaces change frequently, as well as renovations work which consists of several items like structures (walls, ceilings, floors) and building fixtures (doors, windows). This has contributed towards complex and huge data to be processed which usually involves tedious and complicated work. Therefore, this data needs to be handled efficiently. Object recognition and classification is one of the most important process in point cloud data since it provides a full detail of building information. Object recognition is used to recognize multiple objects in point cloud data and classification process is used to classify the objects into a class based on the criteria of the objects. These processes reduce the noise and size of point cloud data to be processed. This paper provides an overview on data processing approaches, which focused on the process of object detection and classification, especially for buildings, as part of Building Information Management (BIM) and the possibility of future research in BIM modelling.