bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Maximum Voluntary Bite Force in Adults with Normal Occlusion and Different Types of Malocclusions
Authors: Premkumar Sridhar , Sathyanarayana Haritha Pottipalli , Manjula WS
Published: June 2013

Aim

Maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) was assessed in adults with class I normal occlusion and compared with different malocclusions.

Materials and methods

One hundred and ten subjects in the age group of 17 to 25 years were classified into various groups. Thirty subjects with class I normal occlusion (Group A), 20 subjects with Angle's class I malocclusion (Group B), 20 subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion (Group C), 20 subjects with hypodivergent facial morphology (Group D) and 20 subjects with hyperdivergent facial morphology (Group E). MVBF was measured with a bite force meter at the first premolar and first molar region bilaterally. The values were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results

Mean MVBF value in each of the groups in the molar and first premolar region were found to be 601.83N ± 60.80, 392N ± 31.43 (group A), 592.60N ± 37.66, 378.90N ± 23.00 (group B), 586.60N ± 49.26, 377N ± 29.38 (group C), 771.50N ± 27.24, 500.60N ± 18.25 (group D), 283.85N ± 26.41, 283.85N ± 26.41 (group E). Student paired t-test was done to analyze the difference between two groups and considered as significant at a p-value of < 0.05. Significant difference was found between group A and D and group A and E with a p-value of <0.0001. No significant difference was observed between group A and group B (p = 0.5481and 0.1148) and group A and group C (p = 0.3551 and 0.0949). ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference among groups A, D and E. No significant difference was found among groups A, B and C. Males had a higher value than females.

Conclusion

Sagittal morphology does not significantly affect the MVBF value whereas there is a significant correlation with vertical morphology.

Clinical significance

Assessment of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) is a chairside procedure to evaluate masticatory muscle activity based on which treatment planning and mechanics can be known.

How to cite this article

Sathyanarayana HP, Premkumar S, Manjula WS. Assessment of Maximum Voluntary Bite Force in Adults with Normal Occlusion and Different Types of Malocclusions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):534-538.
Maxillomandibular Plane Angle Bisector (MM) Adjunctive to Occlusal Plane to evaluate Anteroposterior Measurement of Dental Base
Authors: Ganiger Chanamallappa R , Cariappa KU , Ahammed AR Yusuf
Published: June 2013

Aim

This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical usefulness of the maxillomandibular bisector, its reproducibility, its validity and its relationship to the functional occlusal plane, the bisecting occlusal plane and the nature of its cant.

Materials and methods

Thirty pretreatment lateral cephalograms, each of adolescents (above 18 years of age) and children (10- 12 years), seeking orthodontic treatment were randomly selected and the Wits technique of anteroposterior measurement was used to compare A-B values measured to the new plane with those measured to the functional occlusal plane (FOP) and to the traditional or bisecting occlusal plane (BOP).

Results

Present study showed that MM bisector plane is more reproducible and valid reference plane, than the FOP and BOP.

Conclusion

A new plane, geometrically derived from the dental base planes, has been tested as an occlusal plane substitute for the measurement of anteroposterior jaw relationships. It lies close to but at an angle and inferior to the traditional occlusal planes and is highly reproducible at all times.

Clinical significance

Maxillomandibular planes angle bisector may be a useful adjunct for the cephalometric assessment of sagittal relationship of the patient.

How to cite this article

Ganiger CR, Nayak USK, Cariappa KU, Ahammed ARY. Maxillomandibular Plane Angle Bisector (MM) Adjunctive to Occlusal Plane to evaluate Anteroposterior Measurement of Dental Base. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(4):539-544.
Epidemiological Survey on Edentulousness
Authors: Reddy N Simhachalam , Reddy Nallala Amarendra , Narendra R , Reddy Sashi Deepth
Published: June 2013

India has a large geriatric population of 77 millions, comprising 7.7% of its total population. One of the major handicaps in the elderly is loss of teeth, affecting their mastication, dietary intake and nutritional status.

Aims and objectives

The present study was planned to assess the level of edentulousness, cause of edentulousness, denture wearing and denture needs of the middle and elderly in the society and study was correlated between habits and socioeconomic variables, diet and body mass index (BMI).

Materials and methods

A total of 500 subjects (random sampling) from dental outpatient were studied. A prepared questionnaire was developed, explained, interviewed and questions were filled personally.

Results

The level of edentulousness was found to be high in the subjects with low socioeconomic status and in advancing age with no significant difference between male and females. Another finding was very low level of denture wearing of 62% needing complete denture and partial denture only 10.4% of subjects wearing dentures.

Mixed diet population had higher level of edentulousness compared with vegetarians. The BMI was correlated with level of edentulousness.

Conclusion

The study clearly showed that there is lack of dental awareness, so dental education and motivation in very important. The study concludes that the need for prosthodontics care will increase due to the increase in life span.

This study is clinically significant with regard to knowing the root cause of edentulism, either partial or complete. Out of 62% tooth loss, dental caries (37.4%) topped the cause for tooth loss followed by combination of dental caries and periodontal disease (12.2%).

How to cite this article

Reddy NS, Reddy NA, Narendra R, Reddy SD. Epidemiological Survey on Edentulousness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):562-570.
Riscos à biota aquática pelo uso de tintas anti-incrustantes nos cascos de embarcações
Authors: Martins T.L. , Vargas Vera M.F.
Published: July 2013

The ship hulls are constantly subject to marine biofouling, wich results in a significantly diminution in operational efficiency, rising the costs due to the increase of fuel consumption. From the antifouling systems developed to prevent this problem, those whom present organotin compounds in their formulations became the center of discussions among environmental organs in the last decades. These compounds are considered a threat to marine life in areas with intense naval activity and can act as endocrine disruptors in invertebrates. After restrictions imposed on the use of organotin antifouling paints, others biocides have been used. However, these products also have adverse effects on marine ecosystems. This article reviews the literature related to the risks of the exposure of aquatic organisms to antifouling paints compounds, as well as the alternatives proposed to replace the products yet commercialized.
Efeito Mutagênico do Edetato de Cobre ([Cu(EDTA)]-2) Livre e Nanoencapsulado em Camundongos e Peixes
Authors: Jacacobowski Ana Cristina , Zobiole N. N. , Padilha P. M. , Moreno S. E. , Arruda E. J.
Published: July 2013

Estudos recentes demonstram que o cobre complexado com o ácido etilenodiaminotetracético, ([Cu(EDTA)]-2), apresenta letalidade sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti. Este composto pode ter uma liberação lenta e gradativa quando complexado em nanocápsulas de goma/gelatina/quitosana, o que pode limitar sua toxicidade para o ambiente. No entanto, a genotoxicidade do [Cu(EDTA)]-2 ainda não está totalmente elucidada. Para avaliar o potencial mutagênico do [Cu(EDTA)]-2, analisamos a frequência de micronúcleos no sangue periférico de camundongos e peixes submetidos a [Cu(EDTA)]-2 livre e nanoencapsulado. A carcaça dos peixes foi avaliada por espectrometria de massa para quantificar o cobre tecidual. Em camundongos a frequência de micronúcleos nos animais expostos ao [Cu(EDTA)]-2 na forma livre foi significativamente maior em relação aos animais submetidos à forma nanoencapsulada. Em peixes, somente o [Cu(EDTA)]-2 livre foi capaz de induzir aumento na frequência de micronúcleos. A análise espectrométrica demonstrou acúmulo de íons cobre no fígado nos grupos de peixes estudados, com diferença significativa em relação ao grupo controle. Nas brânquias dos peixes não foram observadas diferenças na concentração de cobre entre os grupos e ainda, o conteúdo de cobre foi significativamente menor em relação ao encontrado no fígado. Os resultados sugerem que o [Cu(EDTA)]-2 livre pode induzir efeitos mutagênicos em mamíferos, porém o nanoencapsulamento parece conferir maior segurança ao produto devido a sua liberação mais lenta.
Toxicity assessment of an effluent derived from an inactivated uranium mine: the Poços de Caldas (Brazil) example
Authors: Artal Mariana C. , Almeida Gilberto de , Caloto-Oliveira Adria , Santos Maria Alice P. F. dos , Umbuzeiro Gisela A. , Coneglian Cassiana M. R.
Published: July 2013

Uranium mines can cause environmental impact because of acid mine drainages can reaches the surrounding water bodies. In this work we tested effluent samples from an inactivated uranium mine located in Poços de Caldas city (Minas Gerais, Brazil) for acute and chronic toxicity. Untreated effluents were acutely toxic to Daphnia similis, with EC50 (48 h) varying from <0.01% to 38%. Both treated and untreated effluent samples presented chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Vibrio fischeri acute toxicity tests were negative for all tested samples. Adjustment of pH performed in samples was not sufficient to remove acute toxicity indicating that not only pH was responsible for the observed effect. The physical-chemical treatment applied was not able to remove the chronic toxicity to C. dubia. V. fischeri, although a rapid test and easy to handle, was not sensitive to the level of toxicants present in the effluent from the mine. To determine the actual impact of the discharge of effluent into receiving waters, both the flow of the effluent and river should be considered. Nevertheless chronic toxicity tests with C. dubia could be included in the monitoring program of this facility to provide more information about the impact of this discharge.
Determinação de metais pesados nos camarões (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) consumidos na cidade de Pelotas-RS
Authors: Parodes Pinto Ane Martiele Taborda , Hirdes Inês Moraes , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação por metais pesados em camarões da espécie Farfantepenaeus paulensis, consumidos na cidade de Pelotas-RS, obtidos dos locais onde são usualmente pescados: Oceano Atlântico e a Laguna dos Patos. As análises foram realizadas no tecido muscular e no exoesqueleto, em duas épocas distintas. As amostras sofreram digestão ácida Nítrico/Perclórica, sendo a determinação de cádmio, chumbo, cobre, cromo e zinco realizada por espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama. Para controle da exatidão e recuperação foi analisado material de referência certificado DORM-3 apresentando recuperações de 71,2 a 98.8%. Somente o Pb, o Cu, e o Zn apresentaram concentrações acima do limiar de detecção da metodologia utilizada. Em uma das amostras a concentração de Pb no exoesqueleto acusou valor acima do permitido pela legislação. Os camarões coletados na Laguna dos Patos apresentaram maiores níveis de contaminação, ainda comprova-se que o exoesqueleto concentra níveis maiores de metais. Os resultados também sugerem que a região da Laguna dos Patos apresenta maior disponibilidade de zinco e chumbo.
Impact of a future H2-based road transportation sector on the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere – Part 1: Tropospheric composition and air quality
Authors: Wang D. , Jia W. , Olsen S. C. , Wuebbles D. J. , Dubey M. K. , Rockett A. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Vehicles burning fossil fuel emit a number of substances that change the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere, and contribute to global air and water pollution and climate change. For example, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted as byproducts of fossil fuel combustion are key precursors to ground-level ozone and aerosol formation. In addition, on-road vehicles are major CO2 emitters. In order to tackle these problems, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proposed as an energy carrier to substitute for fossil fuels in the future. However, before implementing any such strategy it is crucial to evaluate its potential impacts on air quality and climate. Here, we evaluate the impact of a future (2050) H2-based road transportation sector on tropospheric chemistry and air quality for several possible growth and technology adoption scenarios. The growth scenarios are based on the high and low emissions Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, A1FI and B1, respectively. The technological adoption scenarios include H2 fuel cell and H2 internal combustion engine options. The impacts are evaluated with the Community Atmospheric Model Chemistry global chemistry transport model (CAM-Chem). Higher resolution simulations focusing on the contiguous United States are also carried out with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) regional chemistry transport model. For all scenarios future air quality improves with the adoption of a H2-based road transportation sector; however, the magnitude and type of improvement depend on the scenario. Model results show that the adoption of H2 fuel cells would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (7%), CO (14%), NOx (16%), soot (17%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (12%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (5%), CO (4%), NOx (11%), soot (7%), sulfate aerosol (4%), and ammonium nitrate aerosol (9%) in the B1 scenario. The adoption of H2 internal combustion engines would decrease tropospheric burdens of ozone (1%), CO (18%), soot (17%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the A1FI scenario, and would decrease those of ozone (1%), CO (7%), soot (7%), and sulfate aerosol (3%) in the B1 scenario. In the future, people residing in the contiguous United States could expect to experience significantly fewer days of elevated levels of pollution if a H2 fuel cell road transportation sector were to be adopted. Health benefits of transitioning to a H2 economy for citizens in developing nations, like China and India, will be much more dramatic, particularly in megacities with severe, intensifying air-quality problems.
Variability of carbonaceous aerosols in remote, rural, urban and industrial environments in Spain: implications for air quality policy
Authors: Querol X. , Alastuey A. , Viana M. , Moreno T. , Reche C. , Minguillón M. C. , Ripoll A. , Pandolfi M. , Amato F. , Karanasiou A. , Pérez N. , Pey J. , Cusack M. , Vázquez R. , Plana F. , Dall'Osto M. , de la Rosa J. , Sánchez de la Campa A. , Fernández-Camacho R. , Rodríguez S. , Pio C. , Alados-Arboledas L. , Titos G. , Artíñano B. , Salvador P. , García Dos Santos S. , Fernández Patier R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We interpret here the variability of levels of carbonaceous aerosols based on a 12 yr database from 78 monitoring stations across Spain specially compiled for this article. Data did not evidence any spatial trends of carbonaceous aerosols across the country. Conversely, results show marked differences in average concentrations from the cleanest, most remote sites (around 1 μg m−3 of non-mineral carbon (nmC), mostly made of organic carbon (OC) with very little elemental carbon (EC), around 0.1 μg m−3; OC / EC = 12–15), to the highly polluted major cities (8–10 μg m−3 of nmC; 3–4 μg m−3 of EC; 4–5 μg m−3 of OC; OC / EC = 1–2). Thus, urban (and very specific industrial) pollution was found to markedly increase levels of carbonaceous aerosols in Spain, with much lower impact of biomass burning and of biogenic emissions. Correlations between yearly averaged OC / EC and EC concentrations adjust very well to a potential equation (OC = 3.37 EC0.326, R2 = 0.8). A similar equation is obtained when including average concentrations obtained at other European sites (OC = 3.60EC0.491, R2 = 0.7). A clear seasonal variability in OC and EC concentrations was detected. Both OC and EC concentrations were higher during winter at the traffic and urban sites, but OC increased during the warmer months at the rural sites. Hourly equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations at urban sites accurately depict road traffic contributions, varying with distance from road, traffic volume and density, mixing-layer height and wind speed. Weekday urban rush-hour EBC peaks are mimicked by concentrations of primary gaseous emissions from road traffic, whereas a single midday peak is characteristic of remote and rural sites. Decreasing annual trends for carbonaceous aerosols were observed between 1999 and 2011 at a large number of stations, probably reflecting the impact of the EURO4 and EURO5 standards in reducing the diesel PM emissions. This has resulted in some cases in an increasing trend for NO2 / (OC + EC) ratios as these standards have been much less effective for the abatement of NOx exhaust emissions in passenger diesel cars. This study concludes that EC, EBC, and especially nmC and OC + EC are very good candidates for new air quality standards since they cover both emission impact and health-related issues.
Monthly measured primary and new productivities in the Ulleung Basin as a biological "hot spot" in the East/Japan Sea
Authors: Kwak J. H. , Lee S. H. , Park H. J. , Choy E. J. , Jeong H. D. , Kim K. R. , Kang C. K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Ulleung Basin (UB), located in the southwestern part of the East/Japan Sea (EJS), is considered having an unusually high productivity for a deep basin. Recently changes have been reported in physical, chemical, and biological properties. Here we measured the primary and new productivities in the UB using a 13C-15N dual isotope tracer technique. Measurements took place every month for the first time throughout a year for a better estimate of the annual primary production in the EJS. Temporal variations of temperature, salinity, and density (σt) in the study area were highly seasonal as expected for an ocean in the temperate zone. Nutrient distributions reflected these seasonal fluctuations in the vertical structure of the water column. Diatoms were in general the most dominant phytoplankton ranging from 15.5 to 82.2% with an average of 42.0% (S.D. = ±9.9%). Based on those average daily productivities from our monthly measurements, the annual primary, new, and regenerated production in the UB were 273.0 g C m−2 yr−1, 62.6 g N m−2 yr−1, and 48.7 g N m−2 yr−1, respectively. Our estimated high f ratio (0.59) in the UB, indicated that the predominant nitrogen source for primary production was nitrate. This is comparable with the nitrogen source in a productive coastal-upwelling region. New carbon production by phytoplankton is estimated as 145.6 g C m−2 yr−1 (S.D. = ±40.8 g C m−2 yr−1) which indicates that a large portion (53.9%) of the total annual primary production might potentially be exported from the diatom-dominated euphotic zone to a deeper zone in the UB. Further intense integrated field observations will be necessary to improve our understanding of the current marine ecosystem in the UB as an important biological production area in the EJS.
Saltwater intrusion into tidal freshwater marshes alters the biogeochemical processing of organic carbon
Authors: Neubauer S. C. , Franklin R. B. , Berrier D. J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Environmental perturbations in wetlands affect the integrated plant-microbial-soil system, causing biogeochemical responses that can manifest at local to global scales. The objective of this study was to determine how saltwater intrusion affects carbon mineralization and greenhouse gas production in coastal wetlands. Working with tidal freshwater marsh soils that had experienced roughly 3.5 yr of in situ saltwater additions, we quantified changes in soil properties, measured extracellular enzyme activity associated with organic matter breakdown, and determined potential rates of anaerobic carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production. Soils from the field plots treated with brackish water had lower carbon content and higher C : N ratios than soils from freshwater plots, indicating that saltwater intrusion reduced carbon availability and increased organic matter recalcitrance. This was reflected in reduced activities of enzymes associated with the hydrolysis of cellulose and the oxidation of lignin, leading to reduced rates of soil CO2 and CH4 production. The effects of long-term saltwater additions contrasted with the effects of short-term exposure to brackish water during three-day laboratory incubations, which increased rates of CO2 production but lowered rates of CH4 production. Collectively, our data suggest that the long-term effect of saltwater intrusion on soil CO2 production is indirect, mediated through the effects of elevated salinity on the quantity and quality of autochthonous organic matter inputs to the soil. In contrast, salinity, organic matter content, and enzyme activities directly influence CH4 production. Our analyses demonstrate that saltwater intrusion into tidal freshwater marshes affects the entire process of carbon mineralization, from the availability of organic carbon through its terminal metabolism to CO2 and/or CH4, and illustrate that long-term shifts in biogeochemical functioning are not necessarily consistent with short-term disturbance-type responses.
A global water scarcity assessment under Shared Socio-economic Pathways – Part 1: Water use
Authors: Hanasaki N. , Fujimori S. , Yamamoto T. , Yoshikawa S. , Masaki Y. , Hijioka Y. , Kainuma M. , Kanamori Y. , Masui T. , Takahashi K. , Kanae S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. A novel global water scarcity assessment for the 21st century is presented in a two-part paper. In this first paper, water use scenarios are presented for the latest global hydrological models. The scenarios are compatible with the socio-economic scenarios of the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), which are a part of the latest set of scenarios on global change developed by the integrated assessment, the IAV (climate change impact, adaptation, and vulnerability assessment), and the climate modeling community. The SSPs depict five global situations based on substantially different socio-economic conditions during the 21st century. Water use scenarios were developed to reflect not only quantitative socio-economic factors, such as population and electricity production, but also key qualitative concepts such as the degree of technological change and overall environmental consciousness. Each scenario consists of five factors: irrigated area, crop intensity, irrigation efficiency, and withdrawal-based potential industrial and municipal water demands. The first three factors are used to estimate the potential irrigation water demand. All factors were developed using simple models based on a literature review and analysis of historical records. The factors are grid-based at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and cover the whole 21st century in five-year intervals. Each factor shows wide variation among the different global situations depicted: the irrigated area in 2085 varies between 2.7 × 106 and 4.5 × 106 km2, withdrawal-based potential industrial water demand between 246 and 1714 km3 yr−1, and municipal water between 573 and 1280 km3 yr−1. The water use scenarios can be used for global water scarcity assessments that identify the regions vulnerable to water scarcity and analyze the timing and magnitude of scarcity conditions.
A global water scarcity assessment under Shared Socio-economic Pathways – Part 2: Water availability and scarcity
Authors: Hanasaki N. , Fujimori S. , Yamamoto T. , Yoshikawa S. , Masaki Y. , Hijioka Y. , Kainuma M. , Kanamori Y. , Masui T. , Takahashi K. , Kanae S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. A global water scarcity assessment for the 21st century was conducted under the latest socio-economic scenario for global change studies, namely Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). SSPs depict five global situations with substantially different socio-economic conditions. In the accompanying paper, a water use scenario compatible with the SSPs was developed. This scenario considers not only quantitative socio-economic factors such as population and electricity production but also qualitative ones such as the degree of technological change and overall environmental consciousness. In this paper, water availability and water scarcity were assessed using a global hydrological model called H08. H08 simulates both the natural water cycle and major human activities such as water abstraction and reservoir operation. It simulates water availability and use at daily time intervals at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. A series of global hydrological simulations were conducted under the SSPs, taking into account different climate policy options and the results of climate models. Water scarcity was assessed using an index termed the Cumulative Abstraction to Demand ratio, which is expressed as the accumulation of daily water abstraction from a river divided by the daily consumption-based potential water demand. This index can be used to express whether renewable water resources are available from rivers when required. The results suggested that by 2071–2100 the population living under severely water-stressed conditions for SSP1-5 will reach 2588–2793 × 106 (39–42% of total population), 3966–4298 × 106 (46–50%), 5334–5643 × 106 (52–55%), 3427–3786 × 106 (40–45%), 3164–3379 × 106 (46–49%) respectively, if climate policies are not adopted. Even in SSP1 (the scenario with least change in water use and climate) global water scarcity increases considerably, as compared to the present-day. This is mainly due to the growth in population and economic activity in developing countries, and partly due to hydrological changes induced by global warming.
Gantry crane control of a double-pendulum, distributed-mass load, using mechanical wave concepts
Authors: O'Connor W. , Habibi H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The overhead trolley of a gantry crane can be moved in two directions in the plane. The trolley is attempting to control the motion of a suspended, rigid-body, distributed mass load, supported by a hook, modelled as a lumped mass, in turn connected to the trolley by a light flexible cable. This flexible system has six degrees of freedom, four variables describing the flexible, hanging load dynamics and two (directly controlled) input variables for the trolley position. The equations of motion are developed and the crane model is verified. Then a form of wave-based control (WBC) is applied to determine what trolley motion should be used to achieve a reference motion of the load, with minimum swing during complex manoeuvres. Despite the trolley's limited control authority over the complex, flexible 3-D dynamics, WBC enables the trolley to achieve very good motion control of the load, in a simple, robust and rapid way, using little sensor information, with all measurements taken at or close to the trolley.
Diffusion-affected passive scalar transport in an ellipsoidal vortex in a shear flow
Authors: Koshel K. V. , Ryzhov E. A. , Zhmur V. V.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. By employing an analytical model for a constant-vorticity distributed vortex, namely, the ellipsoidal vortex embedded in a constant buoyancy frequency shear flow, the problem of the passive scalar transport through the vortex's boundary is addressed. Since the model's governing equations do not allow such transition to occur, we implement a low-scale diffusion process into the vortex model. Taking into consideration the diffusion term, we study the passive scalar transport in a steady state (the boundary of the ellipsoidal vortex does not change in time) and in a perturbed state (the boundary of the ellipsoidal vortex changes in time periodically) within the time scope corresponding to the characteristic life cycle of a mesoscale oceanic eddy. An increase of the passive scalar transport through the boundary in the perturbed state in comparison with the steady state due to the irregular dynamics of the surrounding flow is shown. The applicability scopes of the investigation for studying oceanic eddies in nature are discussed.
A regional climate model hindcast for Siberia: analysis of snow water equivalent
Authors: Klehmet K. , Geyer B. , Rockel B.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This study analyzes the added value of a regional climate model hindcast with respect to snow water equivalent (SWE) for Siberia when compared to SWE estimates from forcing NCEP-R. In addition, we examine the discrepancies of simulated SWE to several recent reanalysis products (NCEP-R2 NCEP-CFSR, ERA-Interim). We apply the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM) to a 50 km grid spacing using NCEP-R1 as driving force to obtain a 63 yr (1948 to 2010) gridded dataset of historical SWE. Simulated regional climate data is necessary because of the absence of station data in that region. To perform large-scale assessments we use the satellite-derived daily SWE product of ESA DUE GlobSnow from 1987 to 2010. Russian station SWE data is used for cross-checking the findings. In January (mid-winter), the SWE hindcast is in good agreement with GlobSnow, whereas it overestimates SWE during the melting season. CCLM shows a clear added value in providing realistic SWE information compared to the driving reanalysis. The temporal consistency of CCLM is higher than that presented by ERA-Interim and NCEP-R2.
Intravesical Therapy with Mitomycin through Electromotive Drug Administration
Authors: Verri Cristian , Liberati Emanuele , Celestino Francesco , De Carlo Francesco , Torelli Fiammetta , Di Stasi Savino M.
Published: July 2013

In the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), high-level evidence supports the widespread practice of intravesical therapy with mitomycin-C (MMC). Randomized trials showed a significant reduction in short-term recurrence compared with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) alone, but little effect on long-term and no impact at all in preventing progression. Electromotive drug administration (EMDA®) offers a means of controlling and enhancing the tissue transport of certain drugs, in order to increase their efficacy. In both laboratory and clinical studies, intravesical electromotive drug administration (EMDA) increases MMC bladder uptake, resulting in an improved clinical efficacy in NMIBC without systemic side effects. New frameworks for treatment of NMIBC — e.g., sequential intravesical BCG and EMDA/MMC, as well as intravesical EMDA/MMC immediately before TURBT — have provided promising preliminary results with higher remission rates and longer remission times, and they are a priority to minimise the costs of disease management. These findings suggest EMDA-enhanced MMC efficacy against urothelial cancer could be a major therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of NMIBC.
Announcement of Retraction
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: June 2013

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on January 13, 2024.

If you have any further question, please contact us at: ass@ccsebet,org
Organizações de microfinanças: inovações e desafios para a inclusão financeira
Authors: Freitas Alair Ferreira de
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346593826 The aim of this paper is to review the literature on microfinance organizations and discuss theoretical and methodological shortcomings, highlighting the innovations and challenges for financial inclusion of low-income populations. It is noticed that despite the microfinance organizations present significant advances in operational terms, mainly in lending methodologies through mechanisms of selection and monitoring consistent with their socio-political aims, they collide in the dilemma between financial viability and expand its social base toward the poorest.
Afinal, de que liberdade falamos?
Authors: Oliveira Sabrina Copetti , Oliveira Adriano Machado
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464444392
Panorama atual do desenvolvimento da Prática de Ensino e dos Estágios Supervisionados do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Ferraz Daniela Frigo , Meglhioratti Fernanda Aparecida
Published: July 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464447432 A Prática de Ensino e o Estágio supervisionado constituem elementos primordiais para a formação de professores, uma vez que, permitem ao aluno a inserção no contexto da Escola de Educação Básica e possibilitam uma reflexão sobre a prática e a profissão de maneira teoricamente fundamentada. Considerando a importância da relação entre a teoria e a prática na formação inicial de professores, objetivamos investigar aspectos referentes à Prática de Ensino e ao Estágio Supervisionado no Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso de Ciências Biológicas-Licenciatura da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Para a realização dessa investigação, foram analisadas as resoluções 031/2003-CEPE, 329/2006-CEPE, 382/2007-CEPE e 191/2009-CEPE referentes ao Projeto Político Pedagógico do referido curso. A análise indicou alterações mais significativas entre a resolução 031/2003-CEPE e a resolução 382/2007-CEPE, sendo que esta última apresentou uma compreensão mais afinada com as diretrizes curriculares nacionais e a literatura específica da área de ensino quanto aos aspectos da Prática de ensino e do Estágio Supervisionado.
Using Online Water Quality Data to Detect Events in a Distribution System
Authors: Spence Shannon , Rosen Jeffrey S. , Bartrand Timothy
Published: July 2013

The events of Sept. 11, 2001, sent a compelling call to the water utility community to better understand the water quality in the distribution system. In response to the Bioterrorism Act of 2002, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conducted research into detection of chemical and biological contaminants, algorithms for interpreting water quality time‐series data, and other aspects of an event‐detection system (EDS). This research has set the stage for EDS development.
Nephron-Sparing Surgery in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Morbidity and Outcomes
Authors: Marcos F. Dall’Oglio  , Alexandre Crippa  , Jose Roberto Colombo Junior  , Rafael F. Coelho  , Eder Nisi Ilário  , Miguel Srougi
Published: July 2013

Objective: To present the partial nephrectomy series performed at our institution. Patients and Methods: 147 patients underwent nephron-sparing surgery between Jan/2000 and Feb/2011. The mean patient age was 60.3 yrs (33.2-82.7), and 90 (61.2%) were men. The clinical presentation, pathological tumor features, perioperative complications, functional and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Results: 84.4% of the renal masses were incidental, and the mean tumor size was 3,63 cm. Median warm ischemia time and estimated blood loss was 18 min (11-27) and 220 ml (50-480), respectively. Overall complication rate was 5%. 87.0% of the tumors were pT1, 5.7% were pT2, and 7.3% was pT3. 45 tumors were high-grade (30.6%), microvascular invasion was observed in eleven tumors (7.5%), presence of necrosis occurred in twenty-seven tumors (18.4%), and invasion of perirenal fat was identified in ten cases (6.8%). At a mean follow-up of 60 months, local recurrence was observed in only six cases (4.1%) and the cancer-specific survival in this series was 95.2%. Conclusion: Open partial nephrectomy is safe and presented optimal oncological results. It should be used for treating small renal tumors whenever is technically feasible.
Millennium Development Goal One: How has Asia Fared?
Authors: Son Hyun H.
Published: July 2013

As poverty remains rampant, the Millennium Development Goals have been established to address what is one of the most chronic challenges to growth and development. With numerous governments and international organizations adopting these eight international goals focused on combating both the income and non-income dimensions of poverty, it is imperative to measure the performance toward and success of the MDG initiative. By exploring the interplay among poverty, growth and inequality, this study evaluates the progress of 90 developing countries in attaining the income poverty target contained in the first MDG (MDG1), focusing on developing Asia. To help inform future, results-based development policies, it also examines whether adopting the MDGs has contributed to income poverty reduction by measuring the growth elasticity of poverty, controlling for growth. Through an achievement index developed by Kakwani in 1993, the study estimates that an annual poverty reduction of around 2.77% between 1990 and 2015 is needed for countries to attain MDG1. Across developing Asia, half of the 22 countries included in the study will definitely attain the target and 46% are â€œlikelyâ€ to achieve it. Can such gains in poverty reduction be ascribed to the espousal of the MDGs? The study finds that improvements in poverty elasticity are statistically insignificant in the post-MDG period, implying that the acceleration of poverty reduction has been mainly due to economic growth and not the adoption of the MDGs.
The Short-Term Effect of a Lymphatic Pump Protocol on Blood Cell Counts in Nursing Home Residents With Limited Mobility: A Pilot Study
Authors: Noll Donald R.
Published: July 2013

Context: Lymphatic pump techniques have the potential to alter blood cell counts and thus enhance immune function in elderly adults with diminished mobility.

Objective: To test whether an osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) protocol designed to enhance immune function will have an effect on lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts compared with a sham control group.

Design: The study design was a single-session, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing a standardized lymphatic pump protocol with a light-touch protocol. Participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups by using a 1:1 allocation ratio.

Setting: The study was conducted in 2 rural long-term care facilities in Missouri.

Participants: Residents in the long-term care facilities who were aged 60 years or older and who were confined to a bed or wheelchair for most of their waking hours. Twenty residents were recruited to participate in the study, and 10 were randomly assigned to each group.

Interventions: Baseline blood samples were obtained. Then each patient received a 6-minute study protocol treatment. Thirty minutes after completion, posttreatment blood samples were obtained. The OMT protocol consisted of 3 osteopathic techniques: myofascial release to the thoracic inlet, the splenic pump, and the pedal lymphatic pump. The light touch protocol was applied to the same body areas as the OMT protocol for 6 minutes.

Outcome Measures: A pretreatment and posttreatment lymphocyte subset panel, complete blood cell count, and automated white blood cell count differential was obtained from each participant.

Results: There was a statistically significant between-group difference in mean change for platelet counts: counts in the OMT group decreased by a mean (standard deviation) of 15,400 (7947) platelets per microliter and the light touch group increased by 4,700 (17,857) platelets per microliter (P=.004). The between-group differences for the mean (standard deviation) absolute lymphocyte cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit measures all decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant relative to the control group.

Conclusion: The OMT protocol used in this pilot study modestly reduced platelet counts in nursing home residents with limited mobility.
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Anhinga Strain (NDV/Anh-EGFP) for Hepatoma Therapy
Authors: Wu Yunzhou , Yan Shijun , Lv Zheng , Chen Lin , Geng Jingshu , He Jinjiao , Yu Qingzhong , Yin Jiechao , Ren Guiping , Li Deshan
Published: July 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been proved to be an efficient oncolytic agent. NDV tumor killing efficacy is not only dependening on the NDV strain but the type of tumor targeted. It is significant to discover more effective and safe oncolytic strains. We investigated the effectiveness of genetically engineered NDV Anhinga strain in hepatoma treatment. The modified virus containing an insertion of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), named NDV/Anh-EGFP. The antitumor efficacy of the recombinant virus on hepatoma was examined both in vivo and in vitro. NDV Anhinga strain, which could be classified as a lytic strain, is an effective oncolytic agent on hepatoma. There was no significant difference in the TCID50 and growth capability between the recombinant NDV and the parental. NDV/Anh-EGFP can obviously inhibit hepatocarcinoma development in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate Anhinga strain could become a potent candidate for clinical carcinoma therapy especially for hepatocarcinoma.
High Disease Activity: An Independent Factor for Reduced Immunogenicity of the Pandemic Influenza A Vaccine in Patients With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Campos Lucia M. A. , Silva Clovis A. , Aikawa Nadia E. , Jesus Adriana A. , Moraes Julio C. B. , Miraglia Joao , Ishida Maria A. , Bueno Cleonice , Pereira Rosa M. R. , Bonfa Eloisa
Published: July 2013

Objective

Recent findings demonstrated a reduced immunogenicity of the influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in juvenile rheumatic diseases. However, a point of concern is whether the vaccine could induce disease flares. The aim of this study was to assess the disease safety of and the possible influence of disease parameters and therapy on nonadjuvant influenza A H1N1 vaccine response of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

One hundred eighteen juvenile SLE patients and 102 healthy controls of a comparable age were vaccinated. Seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate, and factor increase in geometric mean titer (GMT) were calculated and effective immune response was defined by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products vaccine immunologic standards. Disease parameters, treatment, and adverse events were evaluated.

Results

Age was comparable in juvenile SLE patients and controls (mean ± SD 16.0 ± 3.5 versus 15.9 ± 4.5 years; P = 0.26). Three weeks after immunization, seroprotection rate (73.7% versus 95.1%; P < 0.001), seroconversion rate (63.6% versus 91.2%; P < 0.001), GMT (90.8 versus 273.3; P < 0.001), and factor increase in GMT (8.1 versus 19.9; P < 0.001) were significantly lower in juvenile SLE patients versus controls. Nonseroconversion was associated with a higher frequency of patients with a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) score ≥8 (48.8% versus 24%; P = 0.008) and a higher mean ± SD current glucocorticoid dosage (18 ± 21.4 versus 10.5 ± 12.5 mg/day; P = 0.018). Multivariate logistic regression including a SLEDAI‐2K score ≥8 revealed that only the SLEDAI‐2K remained a significant factor for nonseroconversion (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.98; P = 0.045). Disease parameters remained stable throughout the study and no severe vaccine adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated adequate disease safety and is the first to discriminate that high disease activity impairs influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine antibody production in juvenile SLE, in spite of an overall immune response within recommended levels.
Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Their Safe Theranostic Applications
Authors: Gu Zhanjun , Yan Liang , Tian Gan , Li Shoujian , Chai Zhifang , Zhao Yuliang
Published: July 2013

Lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted enormous attention in the recent years due to their unique upconversion luminescent properties that enable the conversion of low‐energy photons (near infrared photons) into high‐energy photons (visible to ultraviolet photons) via the multiphoton processes. This feature makes them ideal for bioimaging applications with attractive advantages such as no autofluorescence from biotissues and a large penetration depth. In addition, by incorporating advanced features, such as specific targeting, multimodality imaging and therapeutic delivery, the application of UCNPs has been dramatically expanded. In this review, we first summarize the recent developments in the fabrication strategies of UCNPs with the desired size, enhanced and tunable upconversion luminescence, as well as the combined multifunctionality. We then discuss the chemical methods applied for UCNPs surface functionalization to make these UCNPs biocompatible and water‐soluble, and further highlight some representative examples of using UCNPs for in vivo bioimaging, NIR‐triggered drug/gene delivery applications and photodynamic therapy. In the perspectives, we discuss the need of systematically nanotoxicology data for rational designs of UCNPs materials, their surface chemistry in safer biomedical applications. The UCNPs can actually provide an ideal multifunctionalized platform for solutions to many key issues in the front of medical sciences such as theranostics, individualized therapeutics, multimodality medicine, etc.
Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene and Butyl Acrylate Catalyzed by Iron Complexes
Authors: Wu Yumin , Wan Guangmin , Xu Jun , Cheng Shijie , Fang Pu
Published: July 2013

Reverse atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate was successfully carried out in an emulsion system using ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O)/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid as a catalytic system. The effects of surfactant types and initiators, the concentration of initiator, and the catalytic system were investigated, respectively. Emulsion was obtained at 80°C under the condition of [monomers]0/[initiator]0/[catalyst]0/[ligand]0= 200/1/4/2, monomers/water = 15:100 (w/w), and the emulsifier was 2 wt% versus water. Finally, copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. Controlled copolymerization was confirmed by the linear correlations between molecular weights and monomer conversion, and the relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.5). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21364; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21364
Effect of Transition Metal Ion‐Exchanged into the Zeolite Y on Electrical Conductivity and Response of PEDOT‐PSS/MY Composites toward SO2
Authors: Chanthaanont Pojjawan , Sirivat Anuvat
Published: July 2013

This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of different divalent transition metal cations (M2+: Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) exchanged into the hydrated zeolite Y on the electrical conductivity and sensitivity response of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid), PEDOT‐PSS/MY composites, when exposed to sulfur dioxide. All composites show higher electrical sensitivity values and significantly longer response times than the pristine conductive polymer matrix. The results obtained can be attributed to the electronegativity of the transition metal cations exchanged into the zeolite Y micropores, which critically affects the adsorption properties of the zeolite Y, and which in turn influences the electrical sensitivity of the composites. The highest electrical conductivity response and sensitivity pertain to the PEDOT‐PSS/MnY composite. All composites investigated show nearly reversible responses toward sulfur dioxide. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21367; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21367