bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural organic matter: effect on contaminant destruction by UV/H2O2
Authors: Metz Deborah H. , Meyer Maria , Vala Bavisha , Beerendonk Erwin F. , Dionysiou Dionusios D.
Published: October 2012

Ultraviolet (UV) light with hydrogen peroxide degrades a wide array of organic micropollutants. However, natural organic matter (NOM) interferes with contaminant destruction. Seven emerging contaminants were evaluated by UV pilot‐scale and collimated beam experiments. UV absorbance scans demonstrated changes in NOM due to radical attack. Waters with different types and amounts of NOM were examined. As NOM increased, electrical energy per order (EE/O) requirements for destruction increased. EE/O increased similarly for the contaminants. Methyl‐tert‐butyl‐ether destruction and EE/O values correlated well with specific UV absorption for all experiments. Both type and amount of NOM should be considered in the design of UV/hydrogen peroxide facilities.
Electronic data collection for the analysis of surgical maneuvers on patients submitted to rhinoplasty
Authors: Berger Cezar , Freitas Renato , Malafaia Osvaldo , Pinto José Simão de Paula , Mocellin Marcos , Macedo Evaldo , Fagundes Marina Serrato Coelho
Published: October 2012

Introduction: In the health field, computerization has become increasingly necessary in professional practice, since it facilitates data recovery and assists in the development of research with greater scientific rigor.

Objective: the present work aimed to develop, apply, and validate specific electronic protocols for patients referred for rhinoplasty.

Methods: The prospective research had 3 stages: (1) preparation of theoretical data bases; (2) creation of a master protocol using Integrated System of Electronic Protocol (SINPE©); and (3) elaboration, application, and validation of a specific protocol for the nose and sinuses regarding rhinoplasty.

Results: After the preparation of the master protocol, which dealt with the entire field of otorhinolaryngology, we idealized a specific protocol containing all matters related to the patient. In particular, the aesthetic and functional nasal complaints referred for surgical treatment (i.e., rhinoplasty) were organized into 6 main hierarchical categories: anamnesis, physical examination, complementary exams, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. This protocol utilized these categories and their sub-items: finality; access; surgical maneuvers on the nasal dorsum, tip, and base; clinical evolution after 3, 6, and 12 months; revisional surgery; and quantitative and qualitative evaluations.

Conclusion: The developed electronic-specific protocol is feasible and important for information registration from patients referred to rhinoplasty.
Evoked otoacoustic emissions in workers exposed to noise: A review
Authors: Lüders Débora , França Denise Maria Vaz Romano , Klas Regina Maria , Lacerda Adriana Bender Moreira de , Gonçalves Cláudia Giglio de Oliveira , Alcarás Patrícia Arruda de Souza
Published: October 2012

Introduction: The otoacoustic emissions test is an essential tool in the evaluation of auditory function, since it allows the early detection of cochlear damage of occupational origin.

Objective: To present a review of the literature and analyze the effectiveness of the clinical application of the otoacoustic emissions test in workers exposed to noise.

Methods: A bibliographical search covering a period of 10 years was performed in the Virtual Health Library including published articles in national and international journals indexed in the internationally recognized databases for the health sciences, LILACS, SCIELO, and MEDLINE, using the terms “otoacoustic emissions” and “occupational exposure.” The type of published article (national/international), the type and intensity of the stimulus most commonly used for the evoked otoacoustic emissions, the gender and age of the subjects, and the conclusions from the retrospective studies were all taken into consideration.

Results and Conclusions: A total of 19 articles were analyzed, 7 national and 12 international, covering subjects from 17 to 77 years of age, mostly men. The type of stimulus most commonly used for the evoked otoacoustic emissions was the distortion method (12). Through this review, we have concluded that testing of evoked otoacoustic emissions in workers exposed to noise is an important tool in the early diagnosis of noise-induced cochlear hearing disorders.
Emploi qualifié et sous-qualifié chez les travailleurs immigrants sélectionnés du Québec : cheminements en emploi et effet de la grille de sélection
Authors: Bégin Karine , Renaud Jean
Published: October 2012

Malgré l’intérêt croissant entourant l’utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail, le sujet demeure peu étudié. Cet article porte justement sur les parcours des travailleurs immigrants sélectionnés du Québec dans des emplois correspondant à leurs compétences. À l’aide de données longitudinales, les transitions d’emploi sont d’abord étudiées. Ensuite, une analyse des trajectoires permet de regrouper en grandes catégories les immigrants présentant un profil similaire. En dernier lieu, des régressions logistiques multinomiales permettent de voir l’effet des critères de sélection sur l’appartenance aux divers profils précédemment identifiés.
The Myth of Québec Traditional Cuisine at Au Pied de Cochon
Authors: Turgeon-Gouin Catherine
Published: October 2012

The Montreal restaurant Au Pied de Cochon, with its ingredient and menu choices, decor, and overall atmosphere, is steeped in Québec tradition. By adding haute cuisine ingredients to traditional recipes, however, Au Pied de Cochon reveals an effort to resuscitate Québec’s cuisine in a specifically gentrified way, or, to use a more contemporary term, in a “bobo” or “bourgeois-bohemian” way. The manner in which Au Pied de Cochon negotiates between tradition and bohemian-bourgeois ideals seems to follow the semiological model of the modern myth developed by Roland Barthes in his 1957 essay “Myth Today.” Using Barthes’ framework of myth, the present study aims to shed light on Au Pied de Cochon’s use of Québec’s traditional cuisine to express “bobo” ideals.
Servants, Housewives, Vixens, and the Ever-changing Apron
Authors: Bradley Catherine
Published: October 2012

Aprons appear to be innocuous garments, simple in design and straightforward in function. In fact, apron design historically mirrors the overall dress silhouette of the day, changing in response to cultural and social factors such as technological innovation, stock market performance, the women’s liberation movement, and times of political upheaval or economic prosperity. Apron styles, materials, and adornments, and the times and places when and where they are worn, reveal information about apron wearers and their social circumstances. Drawing on contemporary sewing patterns, advertisements, and images, this article explores the history of this often-overlooked garment from Victorian England to present-day Canada.
Negotiating in Silence: Experiences with Parental Leave in Academia
Authors: Weststar Johanna
Published: October 2012

This paper presents a case study of pregnancy/parental leave arrangements among faculty members at a mid-sized Canadian university. Pregnancy/parental leaves and associated benefits are often taken for granted, particularly among unionized employees in Canada; however, this research shows that continued vigilance is required to maintain the standard and equity of these rights. The data consist of self-report accounts of faculty experiences in making leave arrangements over the period 2000-2010.

The results show inequity in leave arrangements across faculties, across and within departments and for individuals who had more than one leave. Much of this inequity stemmed from individualized “creative” negotiations and problem-solving when the leave was scheduled to begin or end in the middle of an academic term. Many of these solutions penalized faculty members for unassigned teaching duties. Faculty members were requested or felt personally obligated to “cover-off” the teaching time before or after their leave by teaching course overloads, using course releases earned through external research grants, condensing courses, or beginning and/or ending the leave earlier than required.

This research has implications for unions who must maintain vigilance and relevance in professional environments where individual negotiation takes place and union consciousness is lower. It also emphasizes the burden placed on parents when the bearing and rearing of children is framed as an individual right rather than an issue of social reproduction. As a result of their “choice” to have a baby and take an associated leave of absence, faculty members can experience guilt, fear and anxiety related to their professional and collegial status. Due to these emotions, and faced with a silent collective agreement, faculty members can accommodate the needs of the university to their own detriment. The paper concludes with recommendations for how faculty unions can better protect pregnancy and parental leave rights through improved formal language in policy documents or collective agreements.
Amplificação cruzada de seis loci microssatélites isolados de “Astyanax mexicanus” para espécies do gênero com distribuição sul-americana. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.19
Authors: Penteado Pierre Rafael , Kavalco Karine Frehner , Pazza Rubens
Published: October 2012

Microssátelites, marcadores moleculares que consistem de sequências de nucleotídeos repetidos em tandem, são amplamente usados em estudos genéticos e populacionais. Uma desvantagem desse marcador é a respeito da prospecção dos primers para os loci desejados, que são caras e trabalhosas. Uma alternativa viável é utilizar loci previamente isolados de espécies proximamente relacionadas, chamada amplificação cruzada. No presente estudo, primers isolados de Astyanax mexicanus foram testados em cinco espécies do gênero Astyanax. As reações de PCR seguiram protocolo previamente descrito. Apenas o loci Ast1 amplificou em todas as espécies, e mostrou-se polimórfico em pelo menos uma espécie, A. hastatus. Demais aspectos específicos e potenciais aplicações são discutidos.
Coleções particulares de orquídeas na cidade de Rio Paranaíba e sua contribuição para identificação dos gêneros nativos da região. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.22
Authors: Pessoa Herika Paula , Lima Ana Cláudia Silva , Reis Dinaíza Abadia Rocha , Argenteo Rayra Fernanda , Pereira Marlon Correa
Published: October 2012

Orchidaceae é uma das maiores famílias entre as angiospermas. Estima-se no Brasil de 2500 a 3000 espécies e aproximadamente 25% destas são encontradas no bioma cerrado. No entanto, o desbravamento de áreas naturais e o aumento da coleta predatória são fatores que ameaçam a diversidade das orquídeas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a existência de colecionadores de orquidáceas na cidade de Rio Paranaíba e entrevista-los quanto aos vários aspectos das plantas colecionadas. Quando coletadas na região, buscou-se identificar o gênero e confirmar a presença nos fragmentos de Cerrado citados. O hábito de realizar coletas irregulares de orquídeas é bastante comum entre moradores de Rio Paranaíba (39,7% dos entrevistados). Os gêneros identificados foram: Cyrtopodium,Cattleya, Oncidium e Sophronites. Nas visitas ao campo, indivíduos desse gênero não foram encontrados, o que indica a necessidade de ações de educação ambiental que visem proteger a biodiversidade da família.
A utilização do conhecimento biogeográfico auxiliando atingir os objetivos colocados pela UNESCO no ano de 2010 – Ano Internacional da Biodiversidade.DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.24
Authors: Alves Rafael De Souza , De Souza Patrick Oliveira , Alves Adriano De Souza , Ribeiro Filho Oswaldo Pinto , Padovani Michele Tidisco
Published: October 2012

Diariamente, somos noticiados sobre a importância de preservar o meio ambiente, de utilizar os recursos naturais de forma sustentável, de lutarmos pela biodiversidade, tudo para garantirmos a manutenção da qualidade de vida mundial. A UNESCO no ano de 2010 celebrou o Ano Internacional da Biodiversidade, apontando objetivos que visaram preservar e conservar toda diversidade ecológica existente. Dessa forma, o presente texto tem o propósito de apresentar contribuição da ciência biogeográfica no alcance dos objetivos colocados pela UNESCO, dialogando com diversos autores do conhecimento geográfico, biológico e áreas afins.
Diversidade cariotípica de piranha vermelha (“Pygocentrus nattereri”) (Characiformes, Characidae), rio Salobo, bacia do Araguaia, Pará, Brasil. DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v2i1.32
Authors: Santana Mariana Passos , Giongo Patrícia , Travenzoli Natália Martins , Walker Nicholas Jacob , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana
Published: October 2012

Serrasalmideos são peixes conhecidos por pacus e piranhas, incluindo cerca de 80 espécies e 15 gêneros. Os gêneros estão representados na bacia Amazônica, Paraná-Paraguia e São Francisco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises cariotípicas e definir a localização dos sítios de NORs, em espécimes de piranha vermelha Pygocentrus nattereri. Foram analisados dez indivíduos de P. nattereri coletados no rio Salobo, bacia do Araguaia, no município de Rio Maria, Pará-Brasil. Os espécimes foram submetidos às técnicas de obtenção de cromossomos mitóticos metafásicos a partir de células do rim anterior e as NORs obtidas pela impregnação com nitrato de prata. O registro fotográfico feito em microscópio Olympus BX60, as fotos processadas em Adobe Photoshop CS2 e as metáfases montadas no Image-Pro Plus®. Os espécimes apresentaram 2n=60 e a fórmula cromossômica 14m+22sm+14st+10a, com NF=100. Os resultados cariotípicos e de NORs múltiplas estão dentro da variação esperada para a família, gênero e espécies.
Recent results in robust adaptive flight control systems
Authors: Annaswamy A.M. , Lavretsky E. , Dydek Z.T. , Gibson T.E. , Matsutani M.
Published: October 2012

Adaptive control has been increasingly used in flight control of late, with notable technology transitions to autonomous flight platforms such as Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), X–36 Tailless Fighter Agility Research Aircraft, NASA Generic Transport Model (GTM), and Boeing Phantom Ray. Given the need to make these flight systems autonomous, the spotlight, more than ever, is firmly on adaptive control and in particular, robust adaptive control systems. In this paper, we present a few recent results in robust Adaptive Flight Control Systems (AFCS) that showcase the advantages, properties, and performance of AFCS, whose foundations were laid more than 50 years ago. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Online solution of nonquadratic two‐player zero‐sum games arising in the H ∞  control of constrained input systems
Authors: Modares Hamidreza , Lewis Frank L. , Sistani Mohammad‐Bagher Naghibi
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we present an online learning algorithm to find the solution to the H ∞  control problem of continuous‐time systems with input constraints. A suitable nonquadratic functional is utilized to encode the input constraints into the H ∞  control problem, and the related H ∞  control problem is formulated as a two‐player zero‐sum game with a nonquadratic performance. Then, a policy iteration algorithm on an actor–critic–disturbance structure is developed to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation associated with this nonquadratic zero‐sum game. That is, three NN approximators, namely, actor, critic, and disturbance, are tuned online and simultaneously for approximating the HJI solution. The value of the actor and disturbance policies is approximated continuously by the critic NN, and then on the basis of this value estimate, the actor and disturbance NNs are updated in real time to improve their policies. The disturbance tries to make the worst possible disturbance, whereas the actor tries to make the best control input. A persistence of excitation condition is shown to guarantee convergence to the optimal saddle point solution. Stability of the closed‐loop system is also guaranteed. A simulation on a nonlinear benchmark problem is performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial temperature profiles in an aluminum reduction cell under different anode current distributions
Authors: Cheung Cheuk‐Yi , Menictas Chris , Bao Jie , Skyllas‐Kazacos Maria , Welch Barry J.
Published: October 2012

The development of a thermal model to estimate energy distribution in an aluminum reduction cell and its impact on local conditions based on anode current signals are presented. In the Hall–Héroult process, routine practices carried out during operation give rise to spatial energy imbalances and consequently temperature variation in the cell. This phenomenon has been ignored in thermal models developed to date as they are only concerned with overall process dynamics. Implementing anode current signals as model inputs along with the discretization method allows the change of spatial conditions caused by current distribution to be calculated. Simulation studies have been performed to investigate the cell thermal balance affected by anode shorting. The article shows the potential of using anode current signals as model inputs to compute spatial thermal conditions based on the proposed model structure that are not considered in traditional modeling approaches. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1544–1556, 2013
FLT3 mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Daver Naval , Strati Paolo , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan , Luthra Raja , Wang Sa , Patel Keyur , Ravandi Farhad , Cortes Jorge , Qin Dong Xiao , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo
Published: October 2012

FMS‐like tyrosine kinase III (FLT3) mutations occur in one‐third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and predict poor outcome. The incidence and impact of FLT3 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is unknown. We conducted a retrospective review to identify WHO MDS and CMML patients with FLT3 mutations at diagnosis. A total of 2,119 patients with MDS and 466 patients with CMML were evaluated at MD Anderson between 1997 and 2010. Of these, FLT3 mutation analysis was performed on 1,232 (58%) MDS and 302 (65%) CMML patients. FLT3 mutations were identified in 12 (0.95%) MDS patients: 9 (75%) had FLT3‐ITD mutation and 3 had FLT3‐tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation. MDS patients with FLT3 mutations were younger (P = 0.02) and presented as RAEB (P = 0.03) more frequently. Median overall survival (OS) for FLT3‐mutated MDS patients was 19.0 months versus 16.4 months for FLT3‐nonmutated MDS patients (P = 0.08). FLT3 mutations were identified in 13 (4.3%) CMML patients: 8 had FLT3‐ITD mutation and 5 had FLT3‐TKD mutation. There were no significant differences in demographic and disease characteristics among CMML patients with and without FLT3 mutations. Median OS for FLT3‐mutated CMML patients was 10.8 months versus 21.3 months for FLT3‐nonmutated CMML patients (P = 0.12). FLT3 occurs in MDS and CMML at a lower frequency than AML and does not predict poor outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging improves 3‐month outcome prediction in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yuh Esther L. , Mukherjee Pratik , Lingsma Hester F. , Yue John K. , Ferguson Adam R. , Gordon Wayne A. , Valadka Alex B. , Schnyer David M. , Okonkwo David O. , Maas Andrew I. R. , Manley Geoffrey T. ,   the TRACK‐TBI Investigators
Published: October 2012

Objective

To determine the clinical relevance, if any, of traumatic intracranial findings on early head computed tomography (CT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to 3‐month outcome in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).

Methods

One hundred thirty‐five MTBI patients evaluated for acute head injury in emergency departments of 3 LEVEL I trauma centers were enrolled prospectively. In addition to admission head CT, early brain MRI was performed 12 ± 3.9 days after injury. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess for demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, CT, and MRI features that were predictive of Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS‐E) at 3 months postinjury.

Results

Twenty‐seven percent of MTBI patients with normal admission head CT had abnormal early brain MRI. CT evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated with a multivariate odds ratio of 3.5 (p = 0.01) for poorer 3‐month outcome, after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors. One or more brain contusions on MRI, and ≥4 foci of hemorrhagic axonal injury on MRI, were each independently associated with poorer 3‐month outcome, with multivariate odds ratios of 4.5 (p = 0.01) and 3.2 (p = 0.03), respectively, after adjusting for head CT findings and demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors.

Interpretation

In this prospective multicenter observational study, the clinical relevance of abnormal findings on early brain imaging after MTBI is demonstrated. The addition of early CT and MRI markers to a prognostic model based on previously known demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic predictors resulted in a >2‐fold increase in the explained variance in 3‐month GOS‐E. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:224–235
Investigation of applying DC electric field effect on carbon nanotube synthesis
Authors: Masunaga Kohta , Ito Hiroyuki , Fujita Osamu
Published: October 2012

Flame synthesis is focused as a carbon nanotube (CNT) formation method in the present study. Although promotion of CNT formation by applying electric field to flame synthesis method has been reported, it is difficult to distinguish whether the promotion of CNT growth is caused by the effect of electric field on the condition near the flame or whether it is caused by other effects accompanied with electric field application so far. Therefore, the influence of the change in condition near the flame accompanied with the DC electric field application on the CNT formation was analyzed in this study. Moreover, the effect of the electric field application on the CNT growth rate and the carbon processing rate on the catalyst was investigated in the chemical vapor deposition method. In the flame synthesis method, the significant promotion of CNT growth is observed, whereas there is less effect of the electric field on the condition such as gas temperature and composition. In the chemical vapor deposition method, the CNT length increases with increasing the intensity of the electric field. Moreover, extension of the catalyst lifetime and increase in the CNT growth rate are found with applying the electric field. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased vascular permeability in the circumventricular organs of adult rat brain due to stimulation by extremely low frequency magnetic fields
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Mercado Yanet K. , Cañedo‐Dorantes Luis , Gómez‐Pinedo Ulises , Serrano‐Luna Gregorio , Bañuelos‐Pineda Jacinto , Feria‐Velasco Alfredo
Published: October 2012

It has been demonstrated that the exposure of biological systems to magnetic fields (MFs) can produce several beneficial effects: tissue recovery in chronic wounds, re‐establishment of blood circulation after tissue ischemia or in necrotic tissues, improvement after epileptic episodes, angiogenesis, etc. In the current study, the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) MF on the capillaries of some circumventricular organs (CVOs) are demonstrated; a vasodilator effect is reported as well as an increase in their permeability to non‐liposoluble substances. For this study, 96 Wistar male rats (250 g body mass) were used and divided into three groups of 32 rats each: a control group (no treatment); a sham ELF‐MF group; and an experimental group subjected to ELF‐MF (120 Hz harmonic waves and 0.66 mT, root mean square) by the use of Helmholtz coils. All animals were administered colloidal carbon (CC) intravenously to study, through optical and transmission electron microscopy, the capillary permeability in CVOs and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in brain areas. An increase in capillary permeability to CC was detected in the ELF‐MF‐exposed group as well as a significant increase in vascular area (capillary vasodilation); none of these effects were observed in individuals of the control and sham ELF‐MF groups. It is important to investigate the mechanisms involved in the phenomena reported here in order to explain the effects of ELF‐MF on brain vasculature. Bioelectromagnetics 34:145–155, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different responses of fluvastatin to cholesterol‐induced oxidative modifications in rabbits: evidence for preventive effect against DNA damage
Authors: Sevin Gulnur , Yasa Mukadder , Akcay Delen Yasemin , Kirkali Guldal , Kerry Zeliha
Published: October 2012

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and related occlusive vascular diseases. We investigated the effect of low‐dose fluvastatin (2 mg kg−1 day−1) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase], vascular reactivity changes and oxidatively induced DNA damage in early stage of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The animals were divided into three groups each composed of 10 rabbits. The control group received a regular rabbit chow diet, and the cholesterol group had hypercholesterolemic diet (2%, 4 weeks). The fluvastatin group was given hypercholesterolemic diet plus fluvastatin. Dietary intake of cholesterol significantly increased total cholesterol levels in rabbits (control, 0.85 ± 0.29; cholesterol, 12.04 ± 4.61; fluvastatin, 8.07 ± 2.72 mmol l−1 ). Hypercholesterolemic diet revealed discernible fatty streaks in arcus aortae. Fluvastatin significantly reduced the areas of the lesions. The diet significantly increased SOD activities in both erythrocyte and tissue. Treatment with fluvastatin normalized the increased activity of SOD in both erythrocyte and aortic tissues from the cholesterol group. Cholesterol feeding decreased the sensitivity to acetylcholine, and treatment with fluvastatin significantly restored the diminished sensitivity to acetylcholine in thoracic aortae. Cholesterol feeding caused oxidatively induced DNA damage in liver tissues determined by the increased levels of 8‐hydroxyguanine (8‐OH‐Gua) and 2,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua). Fluvastatin decreased only FapyGua level in liver. In conclusion, our results may suggest that fluvastatin seems to play a protective role on high cholesterol‐induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Lipoteichoic Acid Anchor from Streptococcus sp. DSM 8747
Authors: Sauvageau Janelle , Foster Amy J. , Khan Ashna A. , Chee Stephanie H. , Sims Ian M. , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Stocker Bridget L.
Published: October 2012

In this study, the role of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) anchors in the activation of the innate immune response was investigated through the chemical synthesis of a series of LTA derivatives and the determination of their ability to induce NO production in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMM). To this end, an efficient synthesis of the sn‐3‐O‐(α‐D‐galactofuranosyl)‐1,2‐di‐O‐acylglycerol LTA core was developed, which was then used as a key structure to produce both phosphate and glycerylphosphate‐funtionalised LTA anchors, as well as galactofuranosyldiglycerides with different fatty acid chain lengths. With a series of LTA anchors in hand, we then determined the effect of these glycolipids on the innate immune response by exploring their capacity to activate macrophages. Here, we report that several of the LTA‐derivatives were able to induce NO production by BMMs. In general, the unnatural (sn‐1) core glycolipid anchors showed lower levels of activity than the corresponding natural (sn‐3) analogues, and the activity of the glycolipids also appears to be dependent on the length of lipid present, with an optimum lipid length of C20 for the sn‐3 derivatives. Interestingly, a triacylated anchor and the 6‐O‐phosphorylated anchor, showed only modest activity, while the 6‐O‐glycerophosphorylated derivative was unable to induce NO production. Taken as a whole, our results highlight the subtle effects that glycolipid length can have on the ability to activate BMMs.
New Chemodosimetric Reagents as Ratiometric Probes for Cysteine and Homocysteine and Possible Detection in Living Cells and in Blood Plasma
Authors: Das Priyadip , Mandal Amal Kumar , Chandar Nellore Bhanu , Baidya Mithu , Bhatt Harshad B. , Ganguly Bishwajit , Ghosh Sudip K. , Das Amitava
Published: October 2012

In this work, we have rationally designed and synthesized two new reagents (L1 and L2), each bearing a pendant aldehyde functionality. This aldehyde group can take part in cyclization reactions with β‐ or γ‐amino thiols to yield the corresponding thiazolidine and thiazinane derivatives, respectively. The intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) bands of these thiazolidine and thiazinane derivatives are distinctly different from those of the molecular probes (L1 and L2). Such changes could serve as a potential platform for using L1 and L2 as new colorimetric/fluorogenic as well as ratiometric sensors for cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) under physiological conditions. Both reagents proved to be specific towards Cys and Hcy even in the presence of various amino acids, glucose, and DNA. Importantly, these two chemodosimetric reagents could be used for the quantitative detection of Cys present in blood plasma by using a pre‐column HPLC technique. Such examples are not common in contemporary literature. MTT assay studies have revealed that these probes have low cytotoxicity. Confocal laser scanning micrographs of cells demonstrated that these probes could penetrate cell membranes and could be used to detect intracellular Cys/Hcy present within living cells. Thus, the results presented in this article not only demonstrate the efficiency and specificity of two ratiometric chemodosimeter molecules for the quantitative detection of Cys and Hcy, but also provide a strategy for developing reagents for analysis of these vital amino acids in biological samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemistry of Sr2Ce1‐xPrxO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1): Variable‐Temperature and ‐Atmosphere in situ and ex situ Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Studies and Their Physical Properties.
Authors: Kan Wang Hay , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: October 2012

The title compounds are synthesized as mixed oxide ion and electronic conductors for solid oxide fuel cells by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrCO3, CeO2, and Pr6O11 (1000 °C, 24 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SAED, SEM, TGA, EDX, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Miscibility Gap in the U—Nd—O Phase Diagram: A New Approach of Nuclear Oxides in the Environment?
Authors: Desgranges L. , Pontillon Y. , Matheron P. , Marcet M. , Simon P. , Guimbretiere G. , Porcher F.
Published: October 2012

(U,Nd)O2.+‐.x samples are prepared by mixing UO2 and Nd2O3 powders (Ar/5% H2, 1400 °C, 72 h) and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and neutron diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrophosphate Complexation of Tin(II) in Aqueous Solutions as Applied in Electrolytes for the Deposition of Tin and Tin Alloys such as White Bronze.
Authors: Buchner Magnus R. , Kraus Florian , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: October 2012

The nature of tin pyrophosphate complexes present in aqueous solutions of Sn2P2O7 and either Na2P2O7 or K4P2O7 (used for electroplating of tin and tin alloys on metallic and other conductive substrates) in various pH regions is investigated by 119Sn and 31P NMR, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Significantly Increased Cycling Performance of Novel “Self‐Matrix” NiSnO3 Anode in Lithium Ion Battery Application.
Authors: Li Xifei , Wang Chunlei
Published: October 2012

The new NiSnO3 anode for lithium ion batteries shows a higher cycling performance than the mixture of NiO and SnO2 with the same elemental composition.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of Six Quaternary Uranium Chalcogenides A2M4U6Q17 (A: Rb or Cs; M: Pd or Pt; Q: S or Se).
Authors: Oh George N. , Choi Eun Sang , Lu Jun , Koscielski Lukasz A. , Ward Matthew D. , Ellis Donald E. , Ibers James A.
Published: October 2012

High‐temperature solid state reactions of U, M, and Q in a flux of ACl or Rb2S3 lead to the formation of Rb2Pd4U6S17 (1023 K, 96 h, 5—10 wt.% yield), Rb2Pd4U6Se17 (1223 K, 192 h, 5—10 wt.% yield), Rb2Pt4U6Se17 (1223 K, 96 h), Cs2Pd4U6S17 (1273 K, 24 h, 5—10 wt.% yield), Cs2Pd4U6Se17 (1073 K, 96 h, 70—80 wt.% yield), and Cs2Pt4U6Se17 (1073 K, 96 h, 70—80 wt.% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered CoSn‐Type Ternary Phases in Co3Sn3‐xGex.
Authors: Allred J. M. , Jia Shuang , Bremholm M. , Chan B. C. , Cava R. J.
Published: October 2012

New ternary Co3Sn3‐xGex (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) phases with the CoSn B35 type structure are synthesized from the elements (900 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Gold and Palladium Catalysis: One‐Pot Access to Pentasubstituted Arenes from Furan—Yne and En—Diyne Substrates.
Authors: Hashmi A Stephen K. , Ghanbari Mohammad , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank
Published: October 2012

By using the same Au catalyst for two subsequent reaction steps—that is, Furan—yne derivatives (I) and (VI) are converted into fivefold‐substituted arenes (II) and (VII) by cyclization followed by halogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Acetate Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of ω‐Unsaturated α‐Cyano Ketones for Facile Construction of Methylenecyclohexane Ring System.
Authors: Hsieh Min‐Tsang , Shia Kak‐Shan , Liu Hsing‐Jang , Kuo Sheng‐Chu
Published: October 2012

A highly facile, efficient, and mild cyclization reaction followed by a stereo‐ and regioselective reduction is developed for the synthesis of the title ring system.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported TBD Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of N‐Tosylaziridines with Silylated Nucleophiles.
Authors: Matsukawa Satoru , Harada Takeru , Yasuda Shiori
Published: October 2012

Silyl cyanide, azide, chloride, and bromide can be used to cleave the aziridine ring with excellent regioselectivity, in general.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nano‐Fibrillated Mesoporous Carbon as an Effective Support for Palladium Nanoparticles in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols “on Pure Water”.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Behzadnia Hesam , Bostina Mihnea , Vali Hojatollah
Published: October 2012

The title carbon (IFMC) is successfully prepared by carbonization of 1‐methyl‐3‐phenethyl‐1H‐imidazolium hydrogen sulfate in the presence of SBA‐15.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Oxidation of Activated Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol.
Authors: Khaksar Samad , Talesh Saeed Mohammadzadeh
Published: October 2012

The oxidation of various benzylic, allylic and some aliphatic alcohols (I), (III), (V) and (VII) to their corresponding carbonyl compounds (II), (IV), (VI) and (VIII) using NaOCl as the oxidant in hexafluoroisopropanol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylsulfur Chlorotetrafluorides as Useful Fluorinating Agents: Deoxo‐ and Dethioxo‐fluorinations.
Authors: Umemoto Teruo , Singh Rajendra P.
Published: October 2012

Two methods are described for the in situ generation of reactive arylsulfur trifluorides, either reduction of arylsulfur chlorotetrafluorides with pyridine or disproportionation of arylsulfur chlorotetrafluorides with the corresponding diarylsulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Versatile, and Mild Morita—Baylis—Hillman‐Type Reaction for the Modular One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized MBH Adducts.
Authors: Sousa Bruno A. , Dos Dantos Alcindo A.
Published: October 2012

The method is based on the use of in situ generated lithium butylselenolate.
ChemInform Abstract: “Click”‐BINOLs: A New Class of Tunable Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Beckendorf Stephan , Garcia Mancheno Olga
Published: October 2012

A novel family of BINOL‐derived ligands bearing triazole moieties is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Robust eco‐Friendly Protocol for the Preparation of γ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐Acetylenic Esters by Sequential One‐Pot Elimination—Addition of 2‐Bromoacrylates to Aldehydes Promoted by LTMP in 2‐MeTHF.
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Alcantara Andres R. , Holzer Wolfgang
Published: October 2012

The presented synthesis of γ‐hydroxy‐α,β‐acetylenic esters (III) involves the dehydrobromination of bromoacrylate esters to generate propiolate intermediates which subsequently undergo electrophilic addition towards aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Symmetric Anhydrides Using Visible Light‐Mediated Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Konieczynska Marlena D. , Dai Chunhui , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: October 2012

A new approach to synthesize the title compounds from various aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids is reported under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline Sulfonamide‐Catalyzed Yamada—Otani Condensation: Reaction Development, Substrate Scope and Scaffold Reactivity.
Authors: Yang Hua , Banerjee Somdev , Carter Rich G.
Published: October 2012

A variety of γ,γ,δ‐trisubstituted cyclohexenones are prepared by annulation of 2‐arylpropanals with acyclic enones with excellent levels of diastereo‐and enantioselectivity in the presence of sulfonamide catalysts (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate Lewis Acid Catalyzed Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction for the Selective Functionalization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Schweighauser Luca , Bodoky Ina , Kessler Simon N. , Haeussinger Daniel , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: October 2012

Enamines, generated in situ from aldehydes and pyrrolidine, undergo inverse‐electron demand Diels—Alder with phthalazine (I) to give naphthalene derivatives in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Tf2O‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation to Synthesize Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene Cores and Application in the Total Synthesis of Diptoindonesin D, Pauciflorial F, and (.+‐.)‐Ampelopsin B.
Authors: Wang Gang‐Wei , Wang Hong‐Li , Capretto David A. , Han Qi , Hu Rong‐Bin , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: October 2012

A general protocol is developed to cyclize alkynyl substrates such as (I) to dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes using Tf2O as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Hexyl‐4‐acetoxytetrahydrofuran.
Authors: Liu Yong‐guo , Gong Xiu‐qin , Tian Hong‐yu , Sun Bao‐guo
Published: October 2012

Two alternative routes for the synthesis of the title furan (VI), a flavor compound with a sweet, floral‐fruity odour, starting from decen‐4‐ol (I) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzothieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes, [2,3‐b:3′,2′‐d]‐Dithienothiophenes and Their Selenium Derivatives via Electrophilic Cyclization and McMurry Cyclization.
Authors: Geng Weizhi , Wang Hanliu , Wang Zitao , Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2012

Dilithiation of the alkynylbenzothiophene (I) is followed by reaction with sulfur or selenium and acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloid/Thiourea Catalyzes Direct and Enantioselective Vinylogous Michael Addition of 3‐Alkylidene Oxindoles to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Curti Claudio , Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Pinna Luigi , Pelosi Giorgio , Sartori Andrea , Battistini Lucia , Zanardi Franca , Casiraghi Giovanni
Published: October 2012

The Michael addition reactions proceed with exclusive γ‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative System for 3‐Sulfenylation of Indoles with Disulfides Using DMSO as Oxidant under Ambient Conditions in Dimethyl Carbonate.
Authors: Ge Wenlei , Wei Yunyang
Published: October 2012

In comparison with reported procedures for sulfenylation of indoles (I), the present method is not moisture sensitive and carried out in the green solvent dimethyl carbonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling of 3‐Indolylarylketones with Pd(II)‐Catalysis under Air: Convenient Access to Indenoindolones.
Authors: Guchhait Sankar K. , Kashyap Maneesh , Kandekar Somnath
Published: October 2012

The reaction does not require indole N—H protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Intramolecular C—H Amination of 1‐Aza‐2‐azoniaallene Salts.
Authors: Bercovici Daniel A. , Brewer Matthias
Published: October 2012

Aza‐2‐azoniaallene salts generated from α‐chloroazo compounds undergo intramolecular C—H amination reactions to provide pyrazoline products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diversely 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles via 5‐exo‐dig Cyclization.
Authors: Borkin Dmitry A. , Puscau Mirela , Carlson Alena , Solan Agnes , Wheeler Kraig A. , Toeroek Bela , Dembinski Roman
Published: October 2012

An effective, highly atom economical, and regioselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented and requires no isolation of the hydrazone.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to 3,5‐Disubstituted Oxazolones Featuring a Cu‐Catalyzed Cyclization of N‐Alkynyl tert‐Butyl Carbamates.
Authors: Lu Zenghui , Yang Zhaozhen , Cui Weijian , Zhu Gangguo
Published: October 2012

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted oxazolones (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines. Part 8. 5′‐(1,3‐Benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐Substituted Spiro[indoline‐2,3′‐naphthopyrans]: Synthesis and Spectral and Photochromic Properties.
Authors: Voloshin N. A. , Chernyshev A. V. , Metelitsa A. V. , Gaeva E. B. , Minkin V. I.
Published: October 2012

Novel photochromic spiropyrans (I) (7 examples) possessing luminescence properties in both cyclic and merocyanine form are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: De novo Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and Pyridines.
Authors: Gati Wafa , Rammah Mohamed M. , Rammah Mohamed B. , Couty Francois , Evano Gwilherm
Published: October 2012

The present synthesis of substituted pyridine derivatives relies on the facile lithiation of N‐alkynyl‐N‐Boc‐protected allylamines with subsequent highly regioselective intramolecular 6‐endo‐dig carbolithiation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Acyloxycarboxamidobarbiturates from Alloxans, Carboxylic Acids, and Isocyanides.
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher
Published: October 2012

Alloxans are successfully applied as oxo component in the Passerini reaction with carboxylic acids and isonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinones Using Sodium Bisulfate as a Catalyst by the Grinding Technique.
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Jing‐Jing , Song Zhi‐Guo , Wang Lei
Published: October 2012

The reaction proceeds by short grinding followed by keeping the mortar in an oven.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Formation of N‐Sulfamoyl 2,3‐Aziridino‐γ‐lactones and Their Use for the Enantiospecific Synthesis of α,β‐Diamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Siqueira Valle Marcelo , Frota Saraiva Mauricio , Retailleau Pascal , de Almeida Mauro V. , Dodd Robert H.
Published: October 2012

The aziridine ring of title compound (II) is regioselectively cleaved by treatment with primary or secondary amines to give bicycles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Silver Triflate‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of N′‐(2‐Alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazide with Ketene.
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Hongliang , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie
Published: October 2012

The silver‐catalyzed reaction of hydrazides (I) with in situ generated ketenes proceeds via 6‐endo‐cyclization, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and intramolecular rearrangement to afford 2,6‐diaza‐bicyclo[3.2.2]non‐6‐en‐3‐ones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Group‐Modified DIOP Dioxides (Ar‐DIOPOs) and Their Application as Modular Lewis Base Catalysts.
Authors: Ohmaru Yusuke , Sato Norimasa , Mizutani Makoto , Kotani Shunsuke , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: October 2012

The activities of the most active Lewis bases are demonstrated in the presented reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Quaternary Amino Acids by Highly Diastereoselective [2,3]‐Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides.
Authors: Zhu Ting‐Shun , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: October 2012

The chiral binaphthyl auxiliary can be easily removed to afford the corresponding quaternary α‐amino acids in high yields without loss of the optical purities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridoid Glucosides and a C13‐Norisoprenoid from Lamiophlomis rotata and Their Effects on NF‐ϰB Activation.
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Sun Lian‐na , Wang Jun , Tao Xia , Chen Wan‐Sheng
Published: October 2012

Four new iridoid glucosides (I)—(IV) and a new C13‐norisoprenoid (V) are isolated along with 16 known iridoid glycosides from Lamiophlomis rotata.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Three‐Dimensional Network of Crystalline WO3 Nanowires for Gas Sensing Application.
Authors: Qin Yuxiang , Wang Fei , Shen Wanjiang , Hu Ming
Published: October 2012

A three‐dimensional network of crystalline WO3 nanowires is prepared by impregnation of a three‐dimensional SBA‐15 silica template with a solution of silicotungstic acid in EtOH for 6 h at room temperature followed by mineralization (300 °C for 1 h in air and 600 °C for 4 h in air) and template removal (HF solution, 20 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Stability of Magnetic States in Intermetallic Fe‐Rich Compounds R—Fe to Volume Changes
Authors: Medvedeva Irina V.
Published: October 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Dependent Electronic States in Fe‐ and Mn‐ Based Oxides and Related Materials
Authors: Baerner K.
Published: October 2012

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Integration Technologies for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and Other Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Fujishiro Yoshinobu , Suzuki Toshio , Yamaguchi Toshiro , Hamamoto Koichi , Awano Masanobu , Sammes Nigel
Published: October 2012

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Singlet Carbenes Derived from Ferrocene and Closely Related Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Siemeling Ulrich
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic Radical Perfluoroalkylation Reactions
Authors: Postigo Al
Published: October 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From C(sp2)—H to C(sp3)—H: Systematic Studies on Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—C Formation
Authors: Li Bi‐Jie , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: October 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroporphyrins: Synthesis and Structural Modifications
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Sharma Amit , Sharma Shivali
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Neuraminidase Inhibitor Development as Antiinfluenza Drugs
Authors: Feng Enguang , Ye Deju , Li Jian , Zhang Dengyou , Wang Jinfang , Zhao Fei , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Zheng Mingyue , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: October 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Valent Oxo‐Molybdenum and Oxo‐Rhenium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for X—H (X: Si, B, P and H) Bond Activation and for Organic Reductions
Authors: Sousa Sara C. A. , Cabrita Ivania , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: October 2012

Review: 51 refs.
Real Options for Economic Assessments of Innovation Projects in Chemical Production
Authors: Lier Stefan , Wörsdörfer Dominik , Grünewald Marcus
Published: October 2012

Neue Produktionskonzepte in der Chemieindustrie wie das der modularen Anlagen reagieren mit Flexibilität auf die Herausforderung unsicherer Randbedingungen. Der Realoptionsansatz bildet die beiden Kriterien Unsicherheit und Flexibilität in geeigneter Weise ab. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Einführung in die Realoptionsanalyse und wendet diesen Ansatz auf modulare chemische Anlagen an. Ergebnisse eines Fallbeispiels zeigen die Höhe des zusätzlichen Flexibilitätswertes je nach Grad der Unsicherheit auf. Hierbei kann sich die Vorteilhaftigkeit verschiedener Anlagenkonzepte umkehren. Sensitivitätsanalysen geben schließlich Aufschluss über die treibenden Parameter des entwickelten Bewertungsmodells.