bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book review: Ather Zia, Resisting Disappearance: Military Occupation and Women’s Activism in Kashmir
Authors: Dar Wahid A.
Published: May 2020

Ather Zia, Resisting Disappearance: Military Occupation and Women’s Activism in Kashmir (Seattle: Washington University Press, 2019), xvii + 267 pp.
Effects of acute alcohol consumption on emotion recognition in high and low trait aggressive drinkers
Authors: Eastwood Andrew PR , Penton-Voak Ian S , Munafò Marcus R , Attwood Angela S
Published: May 2020

Background:

Research suggests that acute alcohol consumption impairs processing of emotional faces. As emotion processing plays a key role in effective social interaction, these impairments may be one mechanism by which alcohol changes social behaviour. This study investigated the effect of individual differences on this relationship by comparing emotion recognition performance after acute alcohol consumption in individuals with high and low trait aggression.

Methods:

Regular non-dependent drinkers, either high or low in trait aggression participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment ( N = 88, 50% high trait aggressive). Participants attended two sessions. In one they consumed an alcoholic drink (0.4 g/kg) and in the other they consumed a matched placebo. They then completed two computer-based tasks: one measured global and emotion-specific recognition performance across six primary emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise), the other measured processing bias of two ambiguously expressive faces (happy–angry/happy–sad).

Results:

There was evidence of poorer global emotion recognition after alcohol. In addition, there was evidence of poorer sensitivity to sadness and fear after alcohol. There was also evidence for a reduced bias towards happiness following alcohol and weak evidence for an increased bias towards sadness.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that alcohol impairs global emotion recognition. They also highlight a reduced ability to detect sadness and fearful facial expressions. As sadness and fear are cues of submission and distress (i.e. function to curtail aggression), failure to successfully detect these emotions when intoxicated may increase the likelihood of aggressive responding. This coupled with a reduced bias towards seeing happiness may collectively contribute to aggressive behaviour.
Clinical suspicion of spondylodiscitis with equivocal MRI findings: does diffusion-weighted imaging prove helpful here?
Authors: Henkelmann Jeanette , Bremicker Kristina , Denecke Timm , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Henkelmann Ralf , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard , Sabri Osama , Purz Sandra
Published: May 2020

Background

Despite the high sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), early detection of spondylodiscitis (SpD) remains challenging due to its low specificity.

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in suspected cases of SpD with ambiguous early MRI findings in the differentiation of degenerative disorders (DD).

Material and Methods

In this prospective study, 52 patients suspected of having SpD underwent a whole-spine 3-T MRI scan comprising sagittal DWI. Of 58 conspicuous, T2-weighted, signal increased discs, 39 were successfully evaluated using DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and ADC maps were blindly analyzed using the region of interest of the conspicuous disc and a normal adjacent reference disc. Intraindividual ratios (conspicuous disc: reference disc) were calculated.

Results

All conspicuous discs showed increased absolute ADC values, which did not differ significantly between SpD (n = 22) and DD (n = 17). However, ADC ratio was significantly higher in SpD vs. DD ( P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, an ADC ratio threshold of 1.6 resulted in 45% sensitivity and 88% specificity (area under the curve = 0.69) for SpD diagnosis.

Conclusion

The absolute ADC value does not provide a reliable diagnosis of SpD. Increased diffusivity can be an indication of infection but should always be discussed in the context of existing disc degeneration.
The use of mind mapping in health education in extended care for children with caries
Authors: Yang Hua , Gao Xue-Bin , Li Ming-He , Ye Qiang , Sun Yue , Huang Yang
Published: May 2020

Objective

To investigate the application of mind mapping-based health education in extended care for children with caries.

Methods

This was a prospective study of 159 eligible children with caries. Participants were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group, and received extended health education and guidance. Patients in the observation group received health education with mind mapping. In the third month after the first visit, a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess knowledge of extended caries diagnosis and treatment in children and their parents. Children also underwent a bacterial plaque test.

Results

Caries knowledge was significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group. There was no significant between-group difference in debris index on the bacterial plaque test. The observation group had a significantly greater number of follow-up visits in 12 months than the control group.

Conclusions

Mind mapping was effective in the implementation of extended care. Mind mapping information was more accessible to children and their parents, increasing their compliance with health education. Thus, mind mapping is an appropriate health education tool for use in extended care for children with caries.
Association between low-fat enteral nutrition after esophagectomy and a lower incidence of chyle leakage: A call for more and better evidence
Authors: Zhang Chu , Gong Longbo , Wu Wenbin , Zhang Miao , Zhang Hui , Zhao Chen
Published: May 2020

Objective

Reliable methods to prevent chyle leakage after esophagectomy are needed. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the correlation between low-fat nutrition and the incidence of chyle leakage after esophagectomy.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective case–control study involved patients who underwent Ivor Lewis esophagectomy from December 2012 to August 2017. Tube feeding was started on postoperative day 1 with a normal fat-containing formula (control group, 203 patients) or low fat-containing formula (241 patients).

Results

The patients in the control group and low-fat group had a similar incidence of chyle leakage (7 [3.4%] vs. 19 [9.4%], respectively) and anastomotic leakage (4 [2.0%] vs. 11 [5.4%], respectively). The multivariate logistic regression indicated that high-volume surgeon experience (performance of ≥100 esophagectomies per year) was correlated with a lower incidence of chyle leakage (odds ratio, 0.280; 95% confidence interval, 0.110–0.712), whereas low-fat nutrition was correlated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage (odds ratio, 5.995; 95% confidence interval, 1.201–29.925).

Conclusion

Prophylactic low-fat enteral nutrition following esophagectomy might not decrease the risk of chyle leakage. More and better evidence is needed.
Who is contributing? Scientific collaborations on COVID-19
Authors: Duan Dezhong , Chen Ying , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2020

The new coronavirus makes the world recognize that all nations share the same future in the era of globalization. Global cooperation, especially scientific collaboration, is the key to accelerate understanding of the COVID-19 virus and the fight against the pandemic. By visualizing the research cooperation network on COVID-19 as of April 15, 2020, we found that cities and institutes in China played an important role in promoting COVID-19 research cooperation.
Towards critical geographies of anti-human trafficking: Producing and precluding victimhood through discourses, practices and institutions
Authors: Yea Sallie
Published: May 2020

In this paper I outline the potential for three strands of recent critical and feminist scholarship in geography to advance discussions of anti-human trafficking, particularly state responses to the problem. These strands are: the geopolitics of film and media; geographies of bordering and preclusion; and carceral regimes, spaces and institutions. These strands respectively present a critical engagement with the role of representations, practices and institutions in anti-trafficking activity which can enliven discussions within and beyond the discipline on anti-human trafficking responses. This is because they re-centre political concerns around (in)security and sovereign power as these intersect with human rights.
Conspiracism: Archaeology and morphology of a political myth
Authors: Giry Julien
Published: May 2020

Through an empirical approach of several conspiracy theories (Knight Templars, Jesuits, Illuminati, Free-masons or Jewish conspiracy), I have noticed they develop six main characteristics. First, the conspiratorial myth points out scapegoats in a non-aleatory way. They usually belong to ethnical or religious minorities. Secondly, those scapegoats try to acquire an overwhelming power in all fields. Thirdly, to achieve this goal, they corrupt the whole society, especially on mores and sexuality. Fourthly, to set up their domination the scapegoats use the art of simulation and dissimulation. They yield a cult of secrecy. Fifthly, the scapegoats are consistently portrayed through symbolic morphological types, frequently as animals. Finally, conspiratorial myths undergo a process of hybridization and creolization. They go through transformations, alterations and medleys. Every conspiracy theories mix up into one another.
The intellectual in Auschwitz: Between vulnerability and resistance: (In memory of Keith Tester)
Authors: Vetlesen Arne Johan
Published: May 2020

The significance of being an intellectual when taken prisoner and sent to a concentration camp by the Nazis is rarely discussed – instead, the importance of being either a Jew or a political prisoner (say, a German communist) is highlighted. By contrast, Jean Amery’s recollections of being tortured and sent to Auschwitz concentrate on his self-understanding as an intellectual. What difference does the identity and outlook as an intellectual make in the extreme circumstances found in Auschwitz? The paper discusses Amery’s views on this question, invoking that of others who have also addressed it, like Primo Levi and Theodor Adorno.
Tangled Roots: Personal Networks and the Participation of Individuals in an Anti-environmentalism Countermovement
Authors: Tindall David B. , Howe Adam C. , Mauboulès Céline
Published: May 2020

We focus on the personal networks of members of an anti-environmentalism countermovement in a small town in Canada (Port Alberni, B.C.) that mobilized against the environmental movement. Drawing primarily from social survey data, we investigate the effects of network-based mobilization processes, and contending-movement ties (ties to the environmental movement), on level of participation in the countermovement. We add to the literature on networks and social movements, and movement-countermovement dynamics by 1) comparing network processes amongst a counter movement with those amongst a corresponding social movement, and 2) comparing personal network structures and mobilization processes between countermovement members and the general public. We find a similar pattern of network-based micromobilization processes amongst movement and countermovement participant networks. We find both similarities, and key differences between the counter movement and the general public in terms of activism and social network ties. Theoretical predictions have suggested that individuals who have ties to opposing groups will moderate their participation in a social movement. However, in this study of a community countermovement organization in a small town in Canada that mobilized against the provincial environmental movement we find that the number of contending movement ties (the range of ties to environmental organizations) held by individuals in the countermovement has a significant positive association with countermovement activism, and is the strongest statistical predictor of countermovement activism. Drawing upon both theory and substantive information we discuss the implications of this novel finding.
The Role of Feedback Quality and Organizational Cynicism for Affective Commitment Through Leader–Member Exchange
Authors: Audenaert Mieke , Van der Heijden Beatrice , Rombaut Tim , Van Thielen Tine
Published: May 2020

Affective commitment is crucial for employees to guarantee that they adhere to organizational interests and goals, but not self-evident for street-level bureaucrats who have a great deal of discretionary freedom in doing their work. Street-level bureaucrats can deviate from organizational goals during the execution of custom-fit solutions, and particularly so when they are cynical toward their organization. To increase affective commitment among street-level bureaucrats, leaders may play an important role by providing qualitative feedback and having a high-quality leader–member exchange relationship with their team members. We examined the cross-level interaction of leaders’ feedback quality and police officers’ organizational cynicism in relation with affective commitment through Leader–Member eXchange (LMX). Building on theorizing on human resource (HR) attributions and on the assumption in social exchange theory that individuals engage in different reciprocation efforts, we expected that police officers who are more cynical toward their organization would be hesitant to reciprocate with more commitment to their organization when their leader’s feedback quality is low. Our findings in a sample of 266 police officers nested in 71 teams supported this expectation. Hence, this study contributes to a better understanding of how to foster the affective commitment of employees who have discretion in their work. Feedback quality appears to be crucial, both for LMX and affective commitment, and this particularly for police officers who are more cynical about their organization.
Emergency Radiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Canadian Association of Radiologists Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Redmond Ciaran E. , Nicolaou Savvas , Berger Ferco H. , Sheikh Adnan M. , Patlas Michael N.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus officially named the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to emergency radiology practice. The continuity of an effective emergency imaging service for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients is essential, while adhering to best infection control practices. Under the direction of the Board of the Canadian Association of Radiologists, this general guidance document has been synthesized by collaborative consensus of a group of emergency radiologists. These recommendations aim to assist radiologists involved in emergency diagnostic imaging to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and continue to add value to patient care in the emergency setting.
Integrative Medicine in Child Neurology: What Do Physicians Know and What Do They Want to Learn?
Authors: Sandoval Karamian Amanda G. , Yeh Ann Ming , Wusthoff Courtney J.
Published: May 2020

Pediatric neurology patients frequently use integrative medicine; however, providers may feel uncomfortable or unfamiliar with these therapies. Child neurologist attitudes toward integrative medicine and educational needs in integrative medicine have not been assessed. A national, anonymous survey was distributed to Child Neurology residents (n=294) and program directors (n=71) to assess attitudes toward specific integrative medicine modalities, practices in discussing integrative medicine with patients, and perceived need for a curriculum on integrative medicine; 61 (17%) partially and 53 (15%) fully completed the survey. Comparative analyses applied chi-square and independent t tests. Qualitative content analysis was performed on free text responses. Most providers surveyed consider mind and body practices safe (93% of respondents) and effective (84%), but have concerns about the safety of chiropractic manipulation (56% felt this was harmful), and the efficacy of homeopathy (none considered this effective). Few inquire about patient integrative medicine use regularly. Child Neurology residents are interested in further education on this topic.
Examining the Factors Associated With Sexual Violence Against Women in Sierra Leone: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shour Abdul Rahman , Anguzu Ronald , Zhou Yuhong , Beyer Kirsten
Published: May 2020

In 2019, Sierra Leone declared national emergency over rape and other forms of sexual violence (SV), hence diverting resources from other issues to tackle SV. However, little is known about nationwide risk/protective factors for SV, and this has been a source of critique for the new policy. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the factors for SV toward women using a nationally representative sample. We analyzed the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, including 16,658 women, aged 15–49 years. The outcome was current SV, defined as being physically forced to have sexual intercourse within the last 12 months. We examined respondent’s background, sexual activities, and experience of domestic violence (DV). Logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA/SE v.15.1, accounting for survey design and sample weights. Values of p less than .05 were considered statistically significant. ArcMap was used to demonstrate geographic distribution of SV cases. We found that about 258 (6.3%) women reported SV. In adjusted analysis, women in the north (than south; 2.88, 95% CI = [1.44, 5.75]) and women circumcised between the ages of 1 and 14 (1.67, 95% CI = [1.10, 2.54]) reported higher risk of SV, respectively. Women who had sex more than 25 times per year were 6.9 times more likely to report SV, compared with those with 1 to 24 times (6.91, 95% CI = [1.48, 32.19]). The odds of SV were 6 times higher among women who reported experiencing recent physical violence (5.86, 95% CI = [2.49, 13.80]) or history of SV (6.34, 95% CI = [2.57, 15.65]). In conclusion, this study adds to the literature by providing information on major factors associated with SV toward women in Sierra Leone using a nationally representative sample. Women in the north (Tonkolili), circumcised between the ages of 1 and 14, had sex more than 25 times per year, reported physical violence (12 months before the survey) and SV (ever forced to have sex) reported higher risk for current SV. While more research is needed, these findings will help inform the current emergency operations against SV in Sierra Leone.
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Collaborative Engagement, and Performance: Evidence From Rural Economic Development Organizations
Authors: Ofem Brandon , Arya Bindu , Ferrier Walter J. , Borgatti Stephen P.
Published: May 2020

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and collaborative engagement on the performance of rural economic development organizations. The authors theorize that an organization’s EO and collaborative engagement, determined by levels of active engagement within a regional collaboration network, impact its ability to accomplish its goals, satisfy its stakeholders, and influence regional economic development. The authors’ analysis of data from 98 collaborating economic development organizations operating in the economically distressed region of eastern Kentucky shows that EO and collaborative engagement are positively associated with performance. This study provides actionable insights for leaders of economic development organizations seeking to improve their operations.
A tutorial on frailty models
Authors: Balan Theodor A , Putter Hein
Published: May 2020

The hazard function plays a central role in survival analysis. In a homogeneous population, the distribution of the time to event, described by the hazard, is the same for each individual. Heterogeneity in the distributions can be accounted for by including covariates in a model for the hazard, for instance a proportional hazards model. In this model, individuals with the same value of the covariates will have the same distribution. It is natural to think that not all covariates that are thought to influence the distribution of the survival outcome are included in the model. This implies that there is unobserved heterogeneity; individuals with the same value of the covariates may have different distributions. One way of accounting for this unobserved heterogeneity is to include random effects in the model. In the context of hazard models for time to event outcomes, such random effects are called frailties, and the resulting models are called frailty models. In this tutorial, we study frailty models for survival outcomes. We illustrate how frailties induce selection of healthier individuals among survivors, and show how shared frailties can be used to model positively dependent survival outcomes in clustered data. The Laplace transform of the frailty distribution plays a central role in relating the hazards, conditional on the frailty, to hazards and survival functions observed in a population. Available software, mainly in R, will be discussed, and the use of frailty models is illustrated in two different applications, one on center effects and the other on recurrent events.
The impact of increasing general hospital admissions on Consultation–Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: Holmes Alex , Handrinos Dennis , Jones Simon , Huang Beatrice
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify changes in patients referred to CLP at a typical inner urban teaching hospital over two decades in the context of increased hospital admissions.

Method:

Multivariate analyses were conducted on data collected for all referrals to CLP at Royal Melbourne Hospital between 1998 and 2017. Analyses were conducted with reason for referral, current psychiatric contact, psychiatric diagnosis, discharge destination and follow up as dependent variables, and the year and annual hospital admissions as independent variables.

Results:

Annual hospital admissions grew at a rate (4.6%), greater than the annual increase in beds (2.0%). Psychosis, suicide attempt, past psychiatric history and behaviour became more common reasons for referral, whilst depression and somatisation became less common. Transfers to and from mental health inpatient units increased.

Conclusions:

An increasing proportion of patients seen by CLP have ‘acute’ problems. Patients with somatisation and depression are seen less frequently. These findings indicate that CLP services need to provide timely assessment and work closely with other elements of the local mental health service in order to optimise patient flow and ensure continuity of care. Local strategies may be required to ensure an adequate breadth of experience for trainees.
Homeless men with psychosis are spending more time shelterless
Authors: Burton Daniel , Jones Simon , Carlisle Trevor , Holmes Alex
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine if homeless men with psychosis in central Melbourne have spent a greater proportion of the past 12 months in homeless settings as compared with the same group 15 years previously.

Method:

A 12-month accommodation history was collected from all men with psychosis assessed by a homeless outreach mental health team over a 12-month period commencing 2018 and compared with data from 2006.

Results:

Between 2006 and 2018, the percentage of time spent homeless in the previous 12 months rose from 50% to 80% ( p = 0.0001). The mean time spent shelterless increased from 72 days to 149 days ( p = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The amount of time spent homeless has increased in men with psychosis assessed in central Melbourne. This finding suggests that men with psychosis are becoming increasingly entrenched in homeless settings. Addressing this trend requires an increased emphasis on assertive outreach, greater access to acute inpatient and long-term rehabilitation units, and more low cost affordable housing, including housing first facilities.
Anosognosia and schizophrenia – a reminder
Authors: Little John D , Bell Elliot
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To remind the clinical and legal practitioner that anosognosia is a recognised facet of schizophrenia with implications for capacity assessment and for relating effectively with people who experience it.

Conclusions:

The term anosognosia emphasises that, in schizophrenia, lack of capacity is the result of a neurological deficit. Under-appreciation of this may place that person at risk of a preventable harm.
Placing rehabilitation at the core of assertive community treatment
Authors: Siskind Dan , Dark Frances , Carney Kylie , Gore-Jones Victoria , Kar Ray Manaan , Steginga Anne , Suetani Shuichi , Kisely Stephen
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Assertive community treatment (ACT) teams are increasingly being adapted to suit the needs of consumers who have never experienced long-term institutional care yet struggle to retain community tenure and quality of life due to residual functional disabilities associated with severe mental illness. Support needs can be provided by the growing disability support sector but recovery-orientated rehabilitation services delivered by specialist rehabilitation clinicians are also required. The Mobile Intensive Rehabilitation Team (MIRT) within the Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service has adapted the ACT model to deliver assertive outreach that aims to work collaboratively with the person and their chosen supports to improve their function and their sense of self-efficacy in illness self-management. We described the characteristics of the consumers referred to MIRT over a 20-month time period, and reported on on their discharge location.

Conclusion:

After two years with MIRT, half the participants were discharged out of case-management. Being on clozapine was a barrier to discharge from case-management despite functional improvement. Psychiatric hospitalisations predicted longer duration working with MIRT.
Fatherhood Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Alschech Jonathan , Begun Stephanie
Published: May 2020

Research on young parents experiencing homelessness has typically focused on mothers and pregnant women. Young homeless fathers’ tendencies to decline involvement throughout pregnancy and in their children’s lives have been documented and condemned; however, little is known about young men’s perspectives on these situations. This exploratory study engaged homeless young men in qualitative interviews regarding their perceptions and experiences of fathering. Respondents often viewed fatherhood as solely representing breadwinner responsibilities and as a burden that one dutifully carries or shamefully (yet commonly) shirks. Homeless young men’s beliefs about fathering, often steeped in guilt and shame, may suggest that encouraging alternative conceptions of competent fathering while young and homeless is an important area for further research, intervention development, and service provision.
Identification of train loads from the dynamic responses of an integrated sleeper in situ
Authors: Tran Le-Hung , Hoang Tien , Foret Gilles , Duhamel Denis , Messad Samir , Loaëc Arnaud
Published: May 2020

The monitoring of railway tracks can be performed through several measurement techniques. Recently, a method of diagnosing the railway track has been proposed using fiber Bragg gratings integrated inside the railway sleeper. An analytical model for the dynamics of railway sleepers has been developed allowing calculation of the sleeper responses. In this model, using the relation between the rail forces and displacements of a periodically supported beam, the sleeper’s dynamic equation is written with the help of the Euler–Bernoulli beam and Dirac’s delta distribution. Subsequently, the sleeper dynamic responses are calculated using the Green’s function. This article presents an application of this model to identify the train loads from the strains measured in situ. Based on this model, we can obtain a matrix which presents the link between the loads and the sleeper responses. Then, by substituting the Fourier transform of measured strains at the middle and at the two rail seats of the sleeper, the train loads can be quickly calculated by inverting the matrix with the help of MATLAB. This method is validated by the experiments. Numerical examples with the measurement in situ are presented to show identified wheel loads from experimental signals.
American Undergraduate Students’ Social Experiences With Chinese International Students
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Burge-Hall Valerie , Matsumoto Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain American undergraduate students’ social experiences interacting with non-native English-speaking Chinese international students during conversational practices at an American university. This study used an explanatory (holistic) multiple case study design (Yin, 2003) using in-depth, semistructured interviews grounded in the social exchange theory. The participants were seven American students (three men and four women) who served as conversation partners of Chinese international exchange students during each fall semester. Three major interrelated and complex themes emerged from the data. They were (a) developing social reward relationships, (b) proving the social norm information during the conversational partnerships, and (c) employing/utilizing strategies for developing trust relationships. The results of this study can be utilized to encourage faculty, global education office staff, and all students to respect, value, and embrace the languages and cultures of Chinese international students. This contribution can prompt a greater appreciation for diversity which leads to meaningful academic, athletic, and social experiences for all students at American college and university.
Head-to-Head Comparison of p63 and p40 in Non-Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Tubal Gut
Authors: Bakhshwin Ahmed M. , Gordon Ilyssa O. , Brown Kathryn Bock , Liu Xiuli , Allende Daniela S.
Published: May 2020

Objectives.

With targeted agents, characterizing carcinomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has become more important. We aim to determine the usefulness of p40 in classifying GI tract carcinomas.

Methods.

Seventy-five GI carcinomas including 28 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 2 adenosquamous carcinomas (ASCA), 21 poorly differentiated carcinomas (PDCA), and 24 adenocarcinomas (AdCA; control group) were stained for p40, p63, and CK5/6. Tumors were scored from 0 to 5 based on extent of staining and marked as positive (score >2) or negative.

Results.

p63 was positive in 100% of SCC/ASCA and 12.5% of AdCA. p40 was positive in 92.5% of SCC/ASCA and 4.1% of AdCA. In the PDCA subset, a panel including p63, p40, and MOC31 was the best way to accurately classify most cases.

Conclusions.

p63 and CK5/6 are more sensitive but less specific than p40 for SCC/ASCA in GI carcinomas. In PDCA, a panel approach including p63, CK5/6, and p40 may be best in classifying these cases.
Assessing the Importance of Internal and External Self-Esteem and Their Relationship to Honor Concerns in Six Countries
Authors: van Osch Yvette , Bender Michael , He Jia , Adams Byron G. , Kunuroglu Filiz , Tillman Richard N. , Benítez Isabel , Sekaja Lusanda , Mamathuba Neo
Published: May 2020

We assessed empirical support for (a) the widely held notion that across so-called “honor, dignity, and face cultures,” internal and external components of self-esteem are differentially important for overall self-esteem; and (b) the idea that concerns for honor are related to internal and external components of self-esteem in honor cultures but not in dignity and face cultures. Most importantly, we also set out to (c) investigate whether measures are equivalent, that is, whether a comparison of means and relationships across cultural groups is possible with the employed scales. Data were collected in six countries ( N = 1,099). We obtained only metric invariance for the self-esteem and honor scales, allowing for comparisons of relationships across samples, but not scale means. Partly confirming theoretical ideas on the importance of internal and external components of self-esteem, we found that only external rather than both external and internal self-esteem was relatively more important for overall self-esteem in “honor cultures”; in a “dignity” culture, internal self-esteem was relatively more important than external self-esteem. Contrary to expectations, in a “face” culture, internal self-esteem was relatively more important than external self-esteem. We were not able to conceptually replicate earlier reported relationships between components of self-esteem and the concern for honor, as we observed no cultural differences in the relationship between self-esteem and honor. We point toward the need for future studies to consider invariance testing in the field of honor to appropriately understand differences and similarities between samples.
Constrained attractor selection using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wang Xue-She , Turner James D , Mann Brian P
Published: May 2020

This study describes an approach for attractor selection (or multistability control) in nonlinear dynamical systems with constrained actuation. Attractor selection is obtained using two different deep reinforcement learning methods: (1) the cross-entropy method and (2) the deep deterministic policy gradient method. The framework and algorithms for applying these control methods are presented. Experiments were performed on a Duffing oscillator, as it is a classic nonlinear dynamical system with multiple attractors. Both methods achieve attractor selection under various control constraints. Although these methods have nearly identical success rates, the deep deterministic policy gradient method has the advantages of a high learning rate, low performance variance, and a smooth control approach. This study demonstrates the ability of two reinforcement learning approaches to achieve constrained attractor selection.
Influence of the Relational Context on Reproductive Coercion and the Associated Consequences
Authors: Lévesque Sylvie , Rousseau Catherine , Dumerchat Mélusine
Published: May 2020

Reproductive coercion (RC) refers to behaviors that interfere with contraception use or pregnancy and that limit reproductive autonomy. This article presents the results of a qualitative exploratory study of 21 young women in Canada who experienced RC perpetrated by an intimate partner along with the associated consequences. Results reveal that nonconsensual condom removal occurred more often in uncommitted relationships without violence, whereas pressure to become pregnant and pregnancy coercion occurred more often in committed relationships where other forms of violence were also present. Participants reported numerous repercussions on their psychological, sexual, and reproductive health and on their emotional and relational well-being.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Reward Processing in Children With ADHD
Authors: Nejati Vahid , Sarraj Khorrami Azin , Nitsche Michael A.
Published: May 2020

Objective: Individuals with ADHD have deficits in reward processing and related cognitive tasks such as delay discounting and risky decision-making. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are two distinct cortical areas that are involved in reward processing. Methods: Twenty children with ADHD received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions with one of three montages each, including anodal/cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC and right vmPFC respectively, the reversed montage, and a sham stimulation condition. During stimulation, in each session, participants performed the balloon analogue risk taking and chocolate delay discounting tasks. Results: A significant effect of stimulation condition on emotional processing was observed. Specifically, anodal tDCS over the right vmPFC, coupled with cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC, reduced risky decision-making and delay discounting. Conclusion: These results imply that the left dlPFC and right vmPFC are involved in reward processing in children with ADHD. This finding is discussed in the light of the delay aversion theory of ADHD.
Submucosal Supernumerary Smooth Muscle Coat: A Common Histologic Finding in Mowat–Wilson Syndrome With or Without Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Suchi Mariko , Calkins Casey M , Chogle Ashish , Bond Jesse Steffan , Kapur Raj P
Published: May 2020

Background

Mowat–Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a multiorgan system disorder caused by ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2) mutations or deletions. One common manifestation is constipation, and approximately half of the patients have Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). In addition to classic histologic features of HSCR, an unusual supernumerary intestinal muscle coat was recently reported in a patient of MWS with HSCR. A similar smooth muscle alteration, segmental additional circular muscle coat, had been described in the specimens from patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction without MWS or HSCR.

Method

Rectal biopsies and rectosigmoidectomy specimens from MWS patients were identified by retrospective reviews of surgical pathology records. Routinely prepared glass slides were examined to determine whether any smooth muscle structural alteration was present. Clinical information was obtained by chart review.

Results

Six MWS patients were identified. A supernumerary smooth muscle coat in the submucosa was present in 3 of them, including 2 of the 4 patients with HSCR.

Conclusion

The structural anomaly, termed submucosal supernumerary smooth muscle coat, is not a syndrome-specific pathological feature. However, it appears to be more common than expected in MWS and is consistent with contemporary models for the roles of ZEB2 and related cell signaling pathways in the patterning of intestinal musculature during embryonic development.
Disentangling the Differential Roles of Warmth and Competence Judgments in Customer-Service Provider Relationships
Authors: Güntürkün Pascal , Haumann Till , Mikolon Sven
Published: May 2020

Despite increasing interest in warmth and competence as fundamental dimensions in consumers’ evaluation of service providers, prior research remains ambiguous about which dimension is more important. The current study develops a nomological framework that clarifies this ambiguity and explains whether, when, and why warmth or competence takes precedence for different outcomes in customer-service provider relationships. Combined evidence from field and laboratory studies support the notion of an asymmetric dominance, which suggests that warmth is dominant in driving outcomes that capture relational aspects (e.g., customer-company identification), whereas competence is dominant in driving outcomes that capture transactional aspects of the customer-service provider relationship (e.g., share of wallet). The findings provide first insights into the underlying mechanisms that drive this asymmetric dominance by demonstrating that relational and capability concerns mediate this process. Moreover, the current investigation identifies novel moderators that offer managers help in identifying service contexts (people vs. object care) and customer segments (differing in process and outcome service goals) for which investing in warmth or competence is more promising. Overall, displaying competence is particular effective in driving customer attraction and current operating performance, whereas displaying warmth is better suited to establish strong emotional bonds and drive customer retention.
Nonlinear dynamics of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polymer doubly-curved shallow shells resting on elastic foundation using a micromechanical model
Authors: Viet Hoang Vu Ngoc , Tien Nguyen Duc , Ninh Dinh Gia , Thang Vu Toan , Truong Do Van
Published: May 2020

The paper focuses on the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite doubly curved shallow shells resting on elastic foundations. The graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composites are assumed to be distributed uniformly and functionally graded through the thickness. The material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and are estimated through the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model, while the Poisson’s ratio, density mass, and thermal expansion are implemented by the rule of mixtures. The mathematical formulation is developed based on the classical shell theory and Von Karman-Donnell geometrical nonlinearity assumption. The dynamical responses of a simply supported functionally graded-graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite doubly curved shallow shells are obtained by employing the Airy’s stress function and the Galerkin’s method. The responses of nonlinear vibration as time history, frequency-amplitude curve, phase plane graphs, and Poincare maps are carried out in this paper. In addition, the effects of the environment, graphene nanoplatelets weight fraction, graphene nanoplatelets distribution patterns, and thickness-to-length ratio are scrutinized. The obtained results are also compared and validated with those of other studies.
Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser for the management of refractory cystoid macular edema consequent to complicated cataract surgery
Authors: Verdina Tommaso , Ferrari Cecilia , Valerio Edoardo , Brombin Alberto , Lazzerini Andrea , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Cavallini Gian Maria
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

To report the safety and efficacy of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser of 577 nm for a complex case of refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of an interventional case report of three subthreshold micropulse yellow laser interventions for refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Patient:

A 77-year-old healthy female underwent pseudoexfoliative cataract surgery complicated by posterior capsule rupture and sulcus intraocular lens implantation. After 3 months, she required a scleral fixation of the same lens, due to a lack of capsular support and decentration of the intraocular lens. One month later, she experienced a severe pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (foveal thickness of 399 µm and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 Snellen). The condition was refractory to conventional treatments prior to subthreshold micropulse yellow laser interventions, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops, topical steroids, oral indomethacin and three sub-Tenon’s triamcinolone injections, attempted over a 14-month period.

Results:

Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser treatment was performed and immediate resolution was achieved and maintained for 2 months. Two cases of edema relapse were observed at 3 months from initial laser treatment and again at 4 months from the second laser treatment. Final patient’s follow-up at 6 months from the third laser treatment evidenced the absence of edema, improved visual acuity (foveal thickness of 265 µm/best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 Snellen) and the absence of complications.

Conclusions:

Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser seems to be a safe and effective treatment for short-term resolution of refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after complicated cataract surgery and represents a useful alternative to expensive and invasive therapies. A trend towards a longer duration of edema resolution with every subthreshold micropulse yellow laser repetition was observed.
The criteria used by key decision makers in Australia to judge the academic quality of NTROs
Authors: McKee Alan
Published: May 2020

Thirty experts in the assessment of the quality of Non-Traditional Research Outputs (NTROs) as academic research outputs were asked to rate the importance of 19 criteria that might be used in making these judgements. Analysis of responses identified four criteria where there is substantial agreement among the community of experts: (a) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant academic disciplines (very important); (b) demonstrated familiarity in the research statement with the current state of knowledge in the relevant industry (important); (c) evidence that the work has been engaged with by other academic researchers (relevant); (d) whether the NTRO creator is a substantive university staff member or an adjunct/honorary (unimportant). Fifteen other criteria either reached a less than ‘fair’ level of agreement, or larger numbers of respondents nominated ‘It depends’. Qualitative analysis of comments also revealed noteworthy disagreements in the expert community about how the criteria should be applied.
Breathing Song and Smoke: Ritual Intentionality and the Sustenance of an Interaffective Realm
Authors: Rahman Elizabeth , de Mori Bernd Brabec
Published: May 2020

In lowland South America, breath animates human and non-human bodies, pulsating through the materialities of organisms. Humans, however, should manage their bodies to recast and reconfigure breath in its most life-enhancing manifestations: singing and smoking. These are the specialized domains of those able to manage their vitalities in such a way as to produce potent effects in themselves and in the world around them, including influencing atmospheric conditions, the lives of animals and plants and the harming and healing of others. In these relational onto-epistemologies, intersubjectivity, intercorporality and states of non-cognitive interaffection find new depths. Breath, properly managed, can make and unmake worldly forms, including bodies and the societies they come together in. Focusing on two Amerindian communities, the Warekena of northwestern Rio Negro, Brazil and the Shipibo-Konibo of the Ucayali valley in Eastern Peru, this article examines the interface between human and non-human subjectivities, and how resonant interaffective atmospheric conditions are induced to promote health.
Melatonin attenuates hypertension and oxidative stress in a rat model of L-NAME-induced gestational hypertension
Authors: Zuo Junfang , Jiang Ziyun
Published: May 2020

Preeclampsia is a life-threatening multiorgan systemic disease with manifestations including gestational hypertension, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on an L-NAME (NLG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester)-induced rat preeclampsia model. During gestation, L-NAME was added to drinking water at 50 mg/kg/day from gestation day (GD) 8. Rats received the combination of L-NAME with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day), or aspirin (1.5 mg/kg/day), and rats that received only L-NAME or no treatments were used as controls. Aspirin was mixed with rodent chow and melatonin was administered intraperitoneally. Blood pressure and urine protein content were monitored every 3 days. On GD19, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Compared to untreated L-NAME rats, melatonin led to markedly lowered blood pressure and urine protein content, and recovery in the fetus alive ratio, fetal weight, and the fetal weight/placental weight ratio. Compared to untreated L-NAME rats, plasma antioxidant capacity and plasma malondialdehyde were increased and decreased by melatonin, respectively, in L-NAME rats. Melatonin treatment also reduced sFlt-1, increased PlGF, and decreased the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. In the placenta, melatonin also reduced sFlt-1 levels and increased Nrf2, PlGF, and HO-1 levels. We have demonstrated in a rat model of preeclampsia that melatonin exerts significant protective effects through lowering blood pressure and reducing oxidative stress.