bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transverse Leukonychia (Mees' Lines) Due to aunorubidn Chemotherapy
Authors: Shelley Walter B. , Humphrey G. Bennett
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Transverse bands of leukonychia are reported in a 7‐year‐old boy foilowing a 10‐day course of daunorubicin given for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia, A variety of other chemotherapies did not induce any nail changes in this patient.
Itraconazole in the Treatment of Two Young Brothers with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Tosti Antonella , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Vincenzi Colombina , Cameli Norma
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report on two children affected by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis involving the mouth and all the nails who were successfully treated with itraconazole at 200 mg/day for 2 months. This therapy produced a rapid cure of both candidal nail and mouth infections. The drug was very well tolerated, and routine laboratory monitoring during treatment did not reveal any abnormalities.
ORF AND ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME IN A CHILD
Authors: FERRANDO M. F. , LÉAUTÉ,‐LABREZE C. , FLEURY H. , TAIEB A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Letters to the Editor are welcomed tor publication (subject to editing). Letters must be signed by all authors, typewritten double spaced, and must not exceed tuo pages of text including references. Two copies of all letters should be submitted. Letters should not duplicate material submitted or published in other journals. Prepublication proofs will not be provided.
Hair Whorl as an Indicator of a Mediastinal Plexiform Neurofibroma
Authors: Pivnick Enikö K. , Lobe Thorn E. , Fitch Sarah J. , Riccardi Vincent M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a boy with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) who had nonspecific respiratoi symptoms and a mediastinal mass. In addition to multiple cafe au lait macules and subcutaneous neurofibromas, he had a hair whorl over the spine at the level of a deep mediastinal mass demonstrated by CT scan and MR examination. Thoracoscopy and biopsy of the mass revealed a plexiform neurofibroma. The clinical sign of a hair whorl may assist the clinician in early recognition of a paraspinal plexiform neurofibroma.
Cellular Blue Nevus of the Scalp Infiltrating the Underlying Bone: Case Report and Review
Authors: Milcali Giuseppe , Innocenzi Daniele , Nasea Maria Rita
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cellular blue nevi (CBN) are benign tumors of the skin derlved from dermal melanocytes histologically characterized by increased cellularity and often by a dual cell population of nevoid cells. CBN rarely tend to invade the underlying tissues. Only six cases of CBN of the scalp invading the skull have been reported. A new case of a CBN infiltrating the underlying bone is presented. The patient, a 23‐year‐old woman, had a large hairless area on her right parietal scalp, present since the early months of life. Her past medical history included, on the same site, the presence, at birth, of a raised, dark, soft and hairless mass that was subsequently electrodesiccated. Radiographs of the skull showed an area of osteolysis underlying the cutaneous lesion. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a CBN of the scalp infiltrating the underlying bone. Surgical resection of the entire lesion was planned. There were no other anomalies or malignancies. The patient is currently being followed in our clinic.
Pyogenic Granuloma with Multiple Dissemination in a Burn Lesion
Authors: Ceyhan Mehmet , Erdem Güliz , Kotiloḡlu Esin , Kale Gülsev , Talim Beril , Kanra Güler , Başaran Ìhsan
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pyogenic granuloma is a common vascular lesion in childhood. The occurrence of pyogenic granulomas after various kinds of trauma to the skin is quite common; however, multiple lesions secondary to a burn are very rare. For this reason, an 18‐month‐old girl with multiple pyogenic granulomas following a second‐degree burn is reported.
Lipodystrophia Centrifugalis Abdominalis Infantilis: A Case Report
Authors: Llistosella Enric , Puig Lluis , Pérez Ferràn
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We describe a typical case of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis. This rare disorder is almost exclusively seen in Japanese children. The patient, a 3‐year‐old girl of Chinese ancestry, had a depressed area of skin in the right groin which gradually spread across the abdomen. The lesion had a distinctive, slightly erythematous, raised border and regional lymphadenopathy was present.
Tinea Capitis in a Newborn Caused by Two Organisms
Authors: Ungar Susan L. , Laude Teresita A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Tinea capitis is a common infection of childhood. There have been several reports of tinea capitis in newborns. Our patient presented at 19 days of age to the emergency room with a scalp lesion of 5 days duration. The fungal culture grew both Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophyles. The patient was successfully treated with oral griseofulvin.
Treatment of Childhood Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus with Potent Topical Corticosteroid
Authors: Fischer Gayle , Rogers Maureen
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Potent topical corticosteroid is recognized as the treatment of choice for vulvar lichen sclerosus in adults. A series of 11 children with vulvar lichen sclerosus were treated with the potent topical corticosteroid betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, seven using an optimized vehicle preparation. There was an excellent response to therapy in all cases. No serious adverse effects or unwanted sequelae occurred. Eight of the 11 children experienced complete remission after 3 months of therapy. In these children no maintenance therapy has been necessary during follow‐up periods ranging from 3 to 18 months. Three children required maintenance therapy with a mild topical corticosteroid. We conclude that in children, as in adults, potent topical corticosteroid is a safe and effective treatment for vulvar lichen sclerosus.
Teaching Children About Skin Cancer: The Draw‐and‐Write Technique as an Evaluation Tool
Authors: Pion Ira A. , Kopf Alfred W. , Hughes Bronwyn R. , Wetton Noreen M. , Collins Margaret , Newton Bishop Julia A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Childhood exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for melanoma. To formulate a meaningful program to educate children about the ill effects of the sun, their extant knowledge base must be determined. We have used the “draw‐and‐write” technique to assess children's perceptions about the sun, suntans, and skin cancer. A total of 693 school children aged 4 to 13 years were asked to draw pictures and label them in response to a series of carefully worded questions. Awareness of the need to apply sunscreen increased from 44% in children aged 4 to 6 years to 95% in children aged 9 to 10 years. Ten percent of children aged 4 to 6 years already perceived a suntan as attractive. While almost all children were aware of the negative immediate effects of sun exposure, namely sunburn, just 30% of American children aged 11 to 13 were aware that sun exposure is a risk for skin cancer. No differences between boys and girls were seen. The “draw‐and‐write” technique allows assessment of the attitudes and perceptions of children regarding the sun and skin cancer. It also provides valuable information on which to base health education and evaluate its cost‐effectiveness.
Eruptive Familial Lingual Papillitis: A New Entity?
Authors: Lacour Jean‐Philippe , Perrin Christophe
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In order to describe the characteristic signs and course of a possibly new clinical entity, we undertook a clinical study of a series consisting of four families (5 children and 10 relatives) with a distinctive eruption of the tongue. The disease always started in a child, usually an infant (mean age 15.2 months), and then spread to one or several other members of the family. It had an abrupt onset and was characterized by difficulties in feeding, increased salivation, and irritability. Inflamed, hypertrophic fungiform papillae were seen on the tip and the dorsolateral part of the tongue, some having a pseudopustular appearance. There were no vesicles, erosions, signs of geographic tongue, or oral thrush; the central part of the tongue, the lips, gingivae, palate, and throat were normal. The acute phase lasted 6 to 7 days and was self‐limited. A few days later, one or several relatives experienced an intense burning sensation on the tongue, with an increase and exacerbation caused by food intake, with the identical features of inflamed papillae. The duration of the stomatitis was usually 1 week for the infants, but longer for some adults. The similarity of these cases suggests the existence of a new clinical entity possibly of viral origin. We propose naming this eruption “eruptive familial lingual papillitis.”
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne in Childhood
Authors: Jansen Thomas , Burgdorf Walter H. C. , Plewig Gerd
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Acne occurs more frequently in newborns and infants than one would gather from written accounts. Acne neonatorum tends to be overlooked because it is usually minor and transient. In contrast, acne infantum, which generally does not make its appearance until after 3 months of life, is more serious. Even acne conglobata may develop in infants. There are many other types of acne in childhood reflecting different pathogenetic mechanisms; included in this group are acne venenata infantum, steroid acne, hormonal disturbances, and toxic reactions.
Lipoid Proteinosis: A Case Report
Authors: Rizzo Renata , Ruggieri Martino , Micali Giuseppe , Tinè Alessandra , Sanfilippo Santo , Pavone Lorenzo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old Italian boy, born to consanguineous parents, with clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural findings of lipoid proteinosis is reported. The main signs of the syndrome—papulonodular, hyperkeratotic and verrucous lesions distributed over the skin of the head and extremities, hoarseness, and dysphagia—were present in the child. The mother had papulonodular lesions on her hands and also complained of slowness in healing.
Ectrodactyly, Soft‐Tissue Syndactyly, and Nodulocystic Acne: Coincidence or Association?
Authors: Krunic Aleksandar L. J. , Vesic Sonja A. , Goldner Branislav , Novak Angelina , Clark Robert E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report severe nodulocystic acne in a 21‐year‐old man associated with ectrodactyly of the right foot and soft‐tissue syndactyly of the third and fourth left fingers, and the first to fourth left toes. His acne was resistant to conventional topical (clindamycin phosphate, erythromycin, tretinoin, peeling agents) and systemic (tetracycline, erythromycin) antiacne medications. Moderate improvement was achieved with systemic isotretinoin. Apart from presenting this case, we imply the disparity of the clinical characteristics of our case and those of Apert syndrome, a rare congenital condition with craniofacial anomalies, symmetric syndactyly of the digits, and acneiform eruption. We discuss the possible explanation for the association of acne lesions and bone deformities based on recent reports of mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in the great majority of patients with this syndrome, as well as current experimental data on the involvement of the keratinocyte growth factor in the process of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation.
Malassezia furfur in Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Tollesson Anders , Frithz Anders , Stenlund Kajsa
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Malassezia furfur is important in the pathogenesis of a number of dermatologic diseases including seborrheic dermatitis in adults. It has also recently been suggested that M. furfur might be the etiologic agent in infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD). We studied the presence of M. furfur in 21 children with the clinical diagnosis of infantile seborrheic dermatitis. Laboratory analyses showed aberrant patterns of essential fatly acids (EFA) in serum characterized by elevated levels of 18:1w9 and 20:2w6. Samples for M. furfur were taken from the foreheads and chests of children with infantile seborrheic dermatitis at the time of diagnosis, directly after treatment to complete healing, and after 1 year with no signs of infantile seborrheic dermatitis. All the patients were treated topically with borage oil containing 25% gammalinolenic acid (GLA). No reduced growth of M. furfur was seen on contact plates prepared with borage oil. The growth of M. furfur seems not to be related to the clinical symptoms in ISD.
Pilomatricoma in Children: A Prospective Study
Authors: Demircan Mehmet , Balik Erol
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pilomatricoma is a skin appendage tumor that frequently involves the skin of the head, neck, and upper extremities in young children. In this prospective study, we present and discuss the characteristics of our patients with pilomatricoma. During the years 1984 to 1994,15 children (9 girls and 6 boys) with pilomatricoma were admitted to our service. Their ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age 9 years). All of the lesions of these patients were excised totally. On histopathologic examination, calcification was found in all of the specimens. No invasion or malignancy was observed by light microscopy. All patients have been followed up periodically by the same surgeons. Interestingly, we found two familial occurrences and four multiple occurrences. Although our series was too small for accurate statistical evaluation, multiple and familial occurrences of pilomatricoma (26.7% and 13.3%, respectively) were higher than in previously reported series.
Hair Follicle Nevi and Accessory Tragi: Variable Quantity of Adipose Tissue in Connective Tissue Framework
Authors: Ban Masanori , Kamiya Hideki , Yamada Takahiro , Kitajima Yasuo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Controversy exists about the histologic differences between hair follicle nevi and accessory tragi. We examined 10 congenital lesions histologicaiiy, possible diagnoses of which were hair follicle nevi or accessory tragi. Two specimens out of the 10 had tiny, mature hair follicles surrounded by thick fibrous root sheaths, a few fat cells, and no cartilage. The subcutaneous fat cells of their bases were segmented by a connective tissue framework. They had histologic features of hair follicle nevi. One specimen had cartilage and abundant fat cells with a connective tissue framework in the nodule, as well as a conglomeration of numerous well‐differentiated hair follicles. It possessed both elements of a hair follicle nevus and an accessory tragus. Seven specimens had abundant subcutaneous fat and showed a prominent connective tissue framework. These were typical accessory tragi. The present study suggests that the number of fat cells in the nodule or papule differs between these two conditions. All the lesions studied revealed a connective tissue framework in the subcutaneous fat. Histologic features of both hair follicle nevi and accessory tragi can coexist in a single lesion. Hair follicle nevi may represent incomplete accessory tragi with scant fat cells.
Trichothiodystrophy Associated with Urologic Malformation and Primary Hypercalduria
Authors: Malvehy J. , Ferrando J. , Soler J. , Tuneu A. , Ballesta F. , Estrach T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a hair abnormality that may be associated with a large number of alterations affecting the skin phenotype and skin appendages, nervous system, eyes, bones, and immune, gonadal, and endocrine systems. We report the first case of TTD associated with a urologic malformation and primary hypercaiciuria. Our patient had congenital ichthyosis, physical and mental retardation, and a dysmorphic facies associated with a complex urologic malformation and primary hypercalciuria. Characteristic features of his hair under microscopic examination (trichoschisis, alternating light and dark bands under polarizing microscopy, and a severely defective cuticle) and low sulfur content by radiographic microanalysis confirmed the diagnosis. We discuss the meaning of this new association in the spectrum of abnormalities related to TTD.
Acne Fulminans and Bone Lesions May Present to Other Specialties
Authors: Gordon Patricia M. , Farr P. M. , Milligan A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Acne fulminans is a rare form of acne vulgaris of acute onset, affecting mostly teenage boys and associated with a number of systemic symptoms and abnormal investigations. The occurrence of bone lesions in this condition is rare but well recognized, and often bone biopsies are performed to rule out malignancy or infection. We report a 13‐year‐old boy referred to the pediatric oncologists with multiple osteoiytic bone lesions. He was noted to have severe acne. A potentially painful sternal bone biopsy was averted following dermatologic referral when a diagnosis of acne fulrninans was made. Pediatricians and dermatologists need to be aware of this association so that unnecessary anguish and investigations can be avoided.
Atopic Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus‐ Induced Osteomyelitis—A Peculiar Association in a Case
Authors: Sharma Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2008

Abstract: 4‐year‐old boy with atopic dermatitis who was demonstrated to have cutaneous colonization with Staphylococcus aureus did not respond favorably to topical medication (steroid‐antibiotic combination). Incidental detection of severe osteomyelitis, that proved to be due to infection with S. aureus, led to institution of systemic antibiotic therapy along with surgical removal of the involved bone. A very favorable response in the cutaneous eruption followed. Certain unusual findings related to the osteomyelitis are highlighted.
Two Cases of Musculoskeletal Syndrome Associated with Acne
Authors: Erhardt É. , Harangi F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report two cases of musculoskeletal syndrome (myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis, hyperostosis) that developed in male adolescents who had severe acne (acne conglobata and acne fulminans). In both patients the hyperostosis of the right clavicle aroused the suspicion a bone tumor or osteomyelitis, which was excluded by histologic examination. Radiologic and laboratory characteristics of musculoskeletal syndrome associated with acne conglobata and acne fulminans are reviewed as well as isotretinoin therapy. The problems of differential diagnosis are also discussed.
Self‐Healing Infantile Familial Cutaneous Mucinosis
Authors: González‐EnseÑat M. Antonia , Vicente M. Asunción , Castellá Nuria , Vila Josep , Arimany Josep
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Childhood cutaneous mucinoses have been rarely reported and are difficult to classify. We describe two brothers who developed multiple, extensive cutaneous lesions during the first few months of life Histologically the lesions were composed of mucin deposits in the dermis. In the first patient, the lesions spontaneously disappeared over the years. We believe that familial self‐healing cutaneous mucinosis represents a unique entity not previously reported.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Childhood
Authors: Bouyssou‐Gauthier Marie‐Laure , Labrousse François , Longis Bernard , Bedane Christophe , Bernard Philippe , Bonnetblanc Jean‐Marie
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cutaneous tumor with a possibly misleading presentation. It is rare in childhood. We report an 18‐month‐old child with an acquired atrophic plaque of the left ankle. Based on clinical findings, initial proposed diagnoses included localized scleroderma and localized lipoatrophy. At the age of 5 years the plaque had increased in size and become a purplish color. Several firm nodules were seen at its periphery. A diagnosis of DFSP was proposed and confirmed histologically. A large surgical resection was performed. This case illustrates that DFSP may occur In childhood, during which initial diagnosis is generally more difficult than in adulthood.
Rorschach Inkblot Port‐Wine Stain
Authors: Coots Norvell V. , Elston Dirk M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We present an infant born with bilaterally symmetric, anterior and posterior port‐wine stains. These leslons presented a striking resemblance to Rorschach inkblots, a phenomenon not previously reported. A discussion of the case as well as a discussion of syndromes associated with port‐wine stains is provided.
Netherton Syndrome Presenting as Congenital Psoriasis
Authors: Shwayder Tor , Banerjee Sheena
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A white boy had erythroderma and dense scale at birth. By 3 months the scale had localized to scalp, diaper area, and acral surfaces. Two biopsy specimens were read as psoriasiform dermatitis at 1 and 3 months. It was not until he was 10 months of age, when terminal hairs grew with nodose irregularities (trichorrhexis invaginatum), that the correct diagnosis of Netherton syndrome was made.
Current Options for the Topical Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Weiss Jonathan S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a common disorder of youth and adolescence, includes four primary processes: hyperkeratinization (plugging) of the pilosebacous follicles, increased testosterone levels, bacterial colonization with Proplonibacterium acnes, and inflammation. No single agent has yet been developed that addresses all of these factors. Combination regimens, therefore, which usually include an antibiotic and an agent to reduce follicular plugging, have become the mainstay of treatment. Despite a relative dearth of new treatments for almost a decade, recent research has produced a number of new significant oral and topical agents. Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid analogue, has shown promise, and a group of retinoids that include adapalene, tazarotene, and reformulations of tretinoin represent new and forthcoming agents for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Some studies indicate that several of these agents are associated with less skin irritation than previous formulations while they retain potent comedoiytic activity. Adapalene also possesses significant anti‐inflammatory activity.
Multiple Leiomyomata Presenting in a Child
Authors: Henderson C. A. , Ruban E. , Porter D. I.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a 2‐year‐old boy with a plaque on the upper arm composed of multiple 2‐ to 3‐mm leiomyomata which developed at the age of 3 months and have been unchanged since. Immunohistologically there was positive staining for the muscle intermediate Illament desmin. We discuss the unusual clinical presentation and possible prognosis.
Mycobacterium fortuitum Infection Occurring After a Punch Biopsy Procedure
Authors: Ronald Buckley LCDR , Cobb Mark W. , Ghurani Sawsan , Brock Nadine F. , Harford LCDR Robert R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing atypical mycobacterium frequently reported as a postsurgical wound complication from a major surgical procedure. We present a unique case of M. fortuitum infection occurring in a 4‐year‐old boy after a minor punch biopsy surgical procedure. As far as we know there has been no published case of M. fortuitum occurring after a punch biopsy procedure.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Lichen Striatusin Siblings
Authors: Patrizi Annalisa , Neri Iria , Fiorentini Cristina , Chieregato Carlo , Bonci Angela
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lichen striatus (LS) is a self‐limiting linear papular dermatosis of unknown eliology seen mostly in children. We report LS occurring in two pairs of siblings: two sisters who had LS at an interval of 6 months and a brother and sister who had the dermatosis contemporaneously after an epidose of flulike fever. In all four patients family history was positive for atopy. LS is frequently associated with atopic diseases. The abnormal immune status of patients with atopy may be a predisposing factor in the induction of LS. In our patients the simultaneous occurrence of LS in siblings after a flulike fever appears to corroborate the hypothesis that a viral infection is a possible candidate, as other authors have proposed. The rarity of familial cases of LS is, in our opinion, due to the exceptional confluence of difference sporadic events (atopy, viral infection caught at a specific period of life such as childhood, and a genetic predisposition) simultaneously present in the same patient
Neurofibromatosis and Reticulate Acropigmentation of Dohi: A Case Report
Authors: Tan Hiok‐Hee , Tay Yong‐Kwang
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 13‐year‐old boy had progressive pigmentary changes affecting his limbs which began when he was 9 months of age. He also had a history of café au lalt macules on his trunk since birth which were becoming more numerous. The diagnosis of reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi (dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) was made on the basis of the clinical features. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these two conditions occurring in the same patient.
Q‐Switched Ruby Laser Treatment of Traumatic Tattooing Induced by Pencil Po Puncture in Children
Authors: Knoell Keith Allen , Schreiber Avraham Jason , Kutenplon Mira , Milgraum Sandy S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Traumatic tattoos induced by pencil point puncture in children may result in persistent disfigurement if left untreated. The Qswitched ruby laser effectively removes darkly colored cutaneous chromophores with minimal disruption of unaffected skin. We present a young patient with pencil point induced traumatic tattooing of the face, suffered 1 year prior to presentation, who was successfully treated with the Qswitched ruby laser with excellent cosmetic results.
Infraorbital Crease and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Singh Inderpal , Kanwar Amrinder J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The usefulness of a prominent infraorbital skin crease as a marker of atopic dermatitis (AD) was examined in 500 consecutive school children 3 to 11 years of age, Infraorbital crease was recorded by two trained observers according to a strict protocol, and AD was determined by an independent dermatologist who was blinded to the study design. A prominent Infraorbital crease was present in only 4 of 20 (20%) children with AD, compared with 171 of 480 (35,6%) children who did not have AD (p,05), While infraorbital crease may be of some use in diagnosin individual cases of AD in a hospital setting, it appears to be less useful in population‐based studies because of Its poor validity and repeatability.
An Epidemiologic Study of Perianal Dermatitis Among Children in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Wedad Z. , Arnaout Heba H. , El‐Lawindi Mona I. , El‐Abidin Yasmeen M. Zein
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Perianal dermatitis is a common problem occurring among infants and children. Streptococci, particularly β‐hemolytic group A organisms, play a major role in its causation. An epidemiologic association between perianal dermatitis caused by group A β chemolytic streptococci in some patients and pharyngeal colonization with the same organisms seems to exist. A similar relation is also true for other organisms, including non‐group A β‐hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. This was the main conclusion of a hospital‐based study performed on 150 children with perianal dermatitis. All patients were subjected to a questionnaire, clinical examination, two perianal cswabs, and two throat swabs. The bacterlologic examination of the perianal swabs revealed the presence of β‐hemolytic streptococci in 35.3% of the cases, half of which were of the group A β‐hemolytic strain (17.3%) and half of which were nongroup A (18%). Throat swabs revealed the presence of β‐hemolytic streptococci In 44% of cases, half of which were found to belong to group A (21.3%) and half to non group A (22.7%). Among patients with perianal dermatitis caused by group A β‐hemolytic streptococci, 53.8% had associated pharyngeal colonization by the same organism. S. aureus was isolated from the perianal skin in five patients (3.4%); in four of whom the same organism also grew in cultures from throat swabs. A relatively good association between pharyngeal colonization by β‐hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococci and the presence of perianal dermatitis caused by the same organisms was demonstrated using the Kappa test of agreement (K= 0.4)
“Painful and Disabling Granuloma Annulare”: A Case of Munchausen by Proxy
Authors: Weston William. L , Morelli Joseph. G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report the unusual case of a child who from age 6 received fourteen excisions and four grafting procedures in an attempt to control “painful and disabling granuloma annulare.” Although the lesions were considered disabling by the mother, they were nontender on repeated examinations. A careful investigation revealed that the mother was falsely describing symptoms necessitating surgery so she could receive public housing and other benefits for parents with a disabled child. We believe this case should alert the clinician as to the extreme measures imposed on children in Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
Ichthyosis: The Skin Manifestation of Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency
Authors: Sudrez E. Castaño , Rodriguez A. Segurado , Tapia A. Guerra , Simon de las Heras R. , Lopez‐Rios F. , Rosetl M. Josep Coll
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Juvenile sulfatidosis (Austin type) or multiple suifatase deficiency is an extremely rare autosomai recessive disorder affecting the activity of many suifatases: arylsuifatase A, several mucopolysaccharide sutfatases, and steroid sulfatase. Certain aspects of the ciinical phenotype can be attributed mainly to a deficiency of one specific suifatase. Most patients develop metachromatic ieukodystrophy caused by aryisuifatase A deficiency, dysostosis multiplex by mucopolysaccharide sulfatase deficiency, and ichthyotic skin by steroid sulfatase deficiency. We describe a 7‐year‐old boy with developmental delay from 7 months of age, progressive spastic quadriparesis, and coarse facial features. By 27 months of age, an ichthyotic rash had developed on the limbs, trunk, and scalp, A skin biopsy specimen revealed hyperkeratosis with a normal granular layer. The diagnosis of multiple sulfatase deficiency was demonstrated by measuring sulfatase activities in fresh leukocytes: there were large deficiencies of arylsuifatase A and B plus reduced arylsuifatase C. The ichthyosis associated with multiple sulfatase deficiency has an autosomal recessive inheritance, is caused by steroid sulfatase deficiency, and the scaling is sometimes milder than in X‐linked recessive ichthyosis. This could reflect the residual activity of steroid suifatase in some cases
Lymphangioma Associated with Becker Nevus: A Report of Coincident Hamartomas in a Child
Authors: Oyler R.M. , Davis D. A. , Woosley J. T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lymphangiomas are hamartomas which often occur during childhood. Their classification is primarily size dependent and predicts their clinical course. Larger lesions can be life threatening, but for many patients with lymphangiomas, cosmetic disfigurement is the primary concern. Treatment options are limited and have shown only variable success. Repetitive surgical excision may be necessary. We report a cystic lymphangioma of the axilla occurring in association with a Beckerapos;s nevus in an infant Although Beckerapos;s nevi have been described in association with other hamartomas, primarily those of smooth muscle, an association with cystic lymphangioma has not been previously reported. We offer a brief discussion of possible developmental mechanisms for their coexistence. In our patient the simultaneous occurrence of a lymphangioma and a Beckerapos;s nevus appears to be a localized event, as no other developmental abnormalities are evident.
Impetigo Herpetiformis and Staphylococcus aureus Lymphadenitis in a Pregnant Adolescent
Authors: Rackett Scott C. , Baughman Richard D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a 15‐year‐old primagravida female with a history of chronic plaque psoriasis who developed Impetigo herpetiformis at 28 weeks gestation. Culture of a needle aspirate from a tender, enlarged cervical lymph node grew Staphylococcus aureus. The patient improved rapidly on wet dressings, topical midpotency corticosteroids, and intravenous natcillin. The remainder of her pregnancy was uncomplicated. We speculate that both pregnancy and infection led to this pustular flare of her psoriasis.
Iontophoresis for Anesthesia During Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Port‐Wine Stains
Authors: Núñez María , Miralles Enrique S. , Boixeda Pablo , Gómez Francisco , Pérez Bibiana , Abraira Victor , Ledo Antonio
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Port‐wine stains (PWS) are benign, congenital vascular malformations found in approximately 0.3% of newborns. PWS may be effectively treated with the flashlamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) at 585 nm. However, laser therapy of vascular lesions often produces pain. We performed a prospective double‐blind, placebo‐controlled evaluation of the iontophoresis of lidocaine 5% with epinephrine 1:50,000 and mepivacaine 2% with epinephrine 1:50,000. Thirty‐six patients with facial PWS were included in the study; 13 of them were treated with lidocaine 5% with epinephrine, another 13 were treated with mepivacaine 2% with epinephrine, and the other 13 were treated with preservative‐free 0.9% NaCI. The pain was graded by the patient on a visual analog scale from 0 to 10, comparing the lontophoretically treated area with an adjacent area treated without anesthesia. Pain evaluation by patients demonstrated a significant decrease in the pain of pulsed dye laser impulses using the iontophoresis of lidocaine 5% with epinephrine. No change in the efficacy of pulsed dye laser treatment of PWS or important side effects were observed in our patients, lontophoresis of lidocaine 5% with epinephrine is a safe and effective method of local anesthesia for pulsed dye laser and it is more effective than the iontophoresis of mepivacaine 2% with epinephrine.
THE ROLE OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN COPPER TOXICITY TO TWO FRESHWATER GREEN ALGAE1
Authors: Knauert Stefanie , Knauer Katja
Published: March 2008

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in copper (Cu) toxicity to two freshwater green algal species, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindák and Chlorella vulgaris Beij., was assessed to gain a better mechanistic understanding of this toxicity. Cu‐induced formation of ROS was investigated in the two algal species and linked to short‐term effects on photosynthetic activity and to long‐term effects on cell growth. A light‐ and time‐dependent increase in ROS concentrations was observed upon exposure to environmentally relevant Cu concentrations of 50 and 250 nM and was comparable in both algal species. However, effects of 250 nM Cu on photosynthesis were different, leading to a 12% reduction in photosynthetic activity in P. subcapitata, but not in C. vulgaris. These results indicate that differences in species‐specific sensitivities measured as photosynthetic activity were not caused by differences in the cellular ROS content of the algae, but probably by different species‐specific ROS defense systems. To investigate the role of ROS in Cu‐mediated inhibition of photosynthesis, the ROS scavenger N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone (BPN) was used, resulting in a reduction of Cu‐induced ROS production up to control level and a complete restoration of photosynthetic activity of Cu‐exposed P. subcapitata. This finding implied that ROS play a primary role in Cu toxicity to algae. Furthermore, we observed a time‐dependent ROS release process across the plasma membrane. More than 90% of total ROS were determined to be extracellular in P. subcapitata, indicating an efficient method of cellular protection against oxidative stress.
PHYLOGENY OF THE EUGLENOID LORICATE GENERA TRACHELOMONAS AND STROMBOMONAS (EUGLENOPHYTA) INFERRED FROM NUCLEAR SSU AND LSU rDNA1
Authors: Ciugulea Ionel , Nudelman María A. , Brosnan Stacy , Triemer Richard E.
Published: March 2008

Previous studies using the nuclear SSU rDNA and partial LSU rDNA have demonstrated that the euglenoid loricate taxa form a monophyletic clade within the photosynthetic euglenoid lineage. It was unclear, however, whether the loricate genera Trachelomonas and Strombomonas were monophyletic. In order to determine the relationships among the loricate taxa, SSU and LSU nuclear rDNA sequences were obtained for eight Strombomonas and 25 Trachelomonas strains and combined in a multigene phylogenetic analysis. Conserved regions of the aligned data set were used to generate maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenies. Both methods recovered a strongly supported monophyletic loricate clade with Strombomonas and Trachelomonas species separated into two sister clades. Taxa in the genus Strombomonas sorted into three subclades. Within the genus Trachelomonas, five strongly supported subclades were recovered in all analyses. Key morphological features could be attributed to each of the subclades, with the major separation being that all of the spine‐bearing taxa were located in two sister subclades, while the more rounded, spineless taxa formed the remaining three subclades. The separation of genera and subclades was supported by 42 distinct molecular signatures (33 in Trachelomonas and nine in Strombomonas). The morphological and molecular data supported the retention of Trachelomonas and Strombomonas as separate loricate genera.
AUTOGAMOUS AUXOSPORULATION IN PINNULARIA NODOSA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Poulíčková Aloisie , Mann David G.
Published: March 2008

Auxosporulation of the freshwater epipelic diatom Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenb.) W. Sm. was studied in a clonal culture. Interphase cells possessed two chloroplasts with invaginated pyrenoids. The nucleus contained a single small body of heterochromatin at one end, also visible during most of meiotic prophase. During auxosporulation, induced by transfer of stationary‐phase cells to fresh medium and suppressed by high nitrogen (N), an unpaired mother cell produced a single auxospore. Although meiosis II and nuclear fusion were not observed, indirect evidence indicated that auxosporulation was autogamous (rarely reported in pennate diatoms), rather than apomictic; paedogamy was excluded. The protoplast produced after meiosis either (1) matured into a “pseudozygote,” via an asymmetrical contraction after meiosis I to form a single spherical cell at one end of the mother cell (pathway 1); or (2) constricted into two spherical cells (pathway 2). In pathway 2, the “pseudogametes” never fused and only one or none developed into a pseudozygote and then into an auxospore. Pathway 2 could be suppressed by continuous light. During metamorphosis of the spherical pseudozygote into an elongate young auxospore, a complete covering of thin siliceous incunabular strips was formed, separate from the organic wall formed around the pseudozygote when first formed and from the perizonium. Mature auxospores produced via pathway 2 had 60% of the volume as those produced via pathway 1 and had smaller chloroplasts (through loss of fragments during protoplast cleavage), but they achieved exactly the same lengths, suggesting that absolute length is monitored during expansion.
INTER‐ AND INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT AND CELL SIZE IN SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE CENTRIC DIATOM GENUS THALASSIOSIRA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Von Dassow Peter , Petersen Timothy W. , Chepurnov Victor A. , Virginia Armbrust E.
Published: March 2008

The enormous species diversity of diatoms correlates with the remarkable range of cell sizes in this group. Nuclear DNA content relates fundamentally to cell volume in other eukaryotic cells. The relationship of cell volume to G1 DNA content was determined among selected members of the genus Thalassiosira, one of the most species‐rich and well‐studied centric diatom genera. Both minimum and maximum species‐specific cell volume correlated positively with G1 DNA content. Phylogeny based on 5.8 S and ITS rDNA sequences indicated that multiple changes in G1 DNA content and cell volume occurred in Thalassiosira evolution, leading to a 1,000‐fold range in both parameters in the group. Within the Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. A. Fryxell et Grunow species complex, G1 DNA content varied 3‐fold: differences related to geographic origin and time since isolation; doubling and tripling of G1 DNA content occurred since isolation in certain T. weissflogii isolates; and subcultures of T. weissflogii CCMP 1336 diverged in DNA content by 50% within 7 years of separation. Actin, β‐tubulin, and Spo11/TopVIA genes were selected for quantitative PCR estimation of haploid genome size in subclones of selected T. weissflogii isolates because they occur only once in the T. pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal genome. Comparison of haploid genome size estimates with G1 DNA content suggested that the most recent T. weissflogii isolate was diploid, whereas other T. weissflogii isolates appeared to be polyploid and/or aneuploid. Aberrant meiotic and mitotic cell divisions were observed, which might relate to polyploidization. The structural flexibility of diatom genomes has important implications for their evolutionary diversification and stability during laboratory maintenance.
Environmental Assessment of Waste‐Solvent Treatment Options
Authors: Capello Christian , Hellweg Stefanie , Hungerbühler Konrad
Published: March 2008

A comparison of various waste‐solvent treatment technologies, such as distillation (rectification) and incineration in hazardous‐waste‐solvent incinerators and cement kilns, is presented for 45 solvents with respect to the environmental life‐cycle impact. The environmental impact was calculated with the ecosolvent tool that was previously described in Part I of this work. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed, and uncertainties were quantified by stochastic modeling in which various scenarios were considered. The results show that no single treatment technology is generally environmentally superior to any other but that, depending on the solvent mixture and the process conditions, each option may be optimal in certain cases. Nevertheless, various rules of thumb could be derived, and a results table is presented for the 45 solvents showing under which process conditions and amount of solvent recovery distillation is environmentally superior to incineration. On the basis of these results and the ecosolvent tool, an easily usable framework was developed that helps decision makers in chemical industries reduce environmental burdens throughout the solvent life cycle. With clear recommendations on the environmentally optimized waste‐solvent treatment technology, the use of this framework contributes to more environmentally sustainable solvent management and thus represents a practical application of industrial ecology.
Applying Leontief's Price Model to Estimate Missing Elements in Hybrid Life Cycle Inventories
Authors: Strømman Anders Hammer , Solli Christian
Published: March 2008

This article presents an approach to estimate missing elements in hybrid life cycle inventories. Its development is motivated by a desire to rationalize inventory compilation while maintaining the quality of the data. The approach builds on a hybrid framework, that is, a combination of process‐ and input–output‐based life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The application of Leontief's price model is central in the proposed procedure. Through the application of this approach, an inventory with no cutoff with respect to costs can be obtained. The formal framework is presented and discussed. A numerical example is provided in Supplementary Appendix S1 on the Web.
PERSPECTIVE: An Analysis of 22 Years of Research in JPIM*
Authors: Guo Liang
Published: March 2008

Numerous articles have been published in the Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM) since its inception in 1984, representing the most advanced studies dedicated to the management practice in all of the functions involved in the total process of product innovation. It is timely to draw a research profile by investigating the research patterns and development in JPIM to reflect the evolution of the field. First of all, the present study performed a text analysis of 544 research articles published from 1984 to 2005 and then developed a list of research streams. Next, each article was analyzed by coding the following information: the author's background (i.e., academic or professional), the author's country of affiliation, the research topic, the structure of theoretical framework (i.e., analog, composite, or propositional), the type of research design, the quantitative analytical technique, the types of industries, and the countries investigated in the empirical studies. The results indicated that JPIM had made substantial progress in two points. The first is the expanded collaborations of authors, which are not only within the national boundary but also across countries and continents. With such a divergence of research traditions and cultural perspectives, this cooperation offers the potential to enrich the stock of new product development and innovation management theories as well as methodologies more than single‐country arrangement. The second is a high degree of science in respect of methodology. Although JPIM has become a major journal for business research, three opportunities of knowledge advancement were suggested. The first is to reduce the domination of American and European publication and to promote article submission from developing countries. The second concerns the need of relatively broad theoretical schema and diversified research methods. The last opportunity lies in the encouragement of research on certain promising topics.
Assessing the Economic Rationality of Remanufacturing Products*
Authors: Linton Jonathan D.
Published: March 2008

Consideration is given to the factors that affect the determination of the profitability of remanufacturing product. This results in a technique being developed and applied to assess the economic rationality of remanufacturing a variety of products. A study of price preferences from 49 subjects finds that in many cases an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) will earn greater overall profits by offering both new and remanufactured versions of their product. Differences in pricing behavior are noted between both products and individuals. There also appears to be differences in switching behavior. It is, however, reasonable to treat the transfer in preference from new product to remanufactured product as linear over some price range. This assumption allows for a relatively simple calculation of under what circumstances it is economically rational for an OEM to produce both new and remanufactured products and in such situations what the relative prices, sales, and profits should result. The remanufactured products considered are retreaded tires, auto parts, cell phones, toner cartridges, printers/copiers, and disposable cameras. In addition to the article's academic contributions, techniques and insights are offered for practitioners to assist them in understanding the opportunities and implication of pursuing remanufacturing as an addition to their current products.
Vascular Compliance in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ganne Sudha , Winer Nathaniel
Published: March 2008

Elevated systolic blood pressure and increased pulse pressure are important predictors of vascular stiffening (compliance), left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Advances in noninvasive methods that measure arterial stiffness have led to increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and the development of associated risk factors. The ability to detect and monitor changes in the physical properties of arteries has the potential to allow early interventions that may prevent disease or attenuate its progression. In this paper, the authors briefly review the various methods available to measure vascular compliance and review pathologic processes that lead to insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and sympathetic activation, all of which may contribute to increased arterial stiffness in the cardiometabolic syndrome. Strategies to improve vascular compliance are also discussed.