bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Correctness—Between Fiction and Social Reality
Authors: Lichev Valeri , Hristoskova Miroslava
Published: July 2017

Nowadays political correctness (PC) is blamed by its opponents because of a failed model of multiculturalism, an influx of migrants and the threat of terrorist acts. Obviously, a definition of tolerance given by UNESCO in 1995 has lost its meaning. In order to argue a possibility of a global ethos based on new understandings of PC, the authors refer to contemporary achievements of semiotics, hermeneutics and philosophical anthropology. We use a critical method developed in the hermeneutical tradition of P. Ricoeur, J. Kristeva, Tz. Todorov and others. Criticism is directed at (1) paradoxes of postmodern philosophical attempts for justification the idea of political correctness; (2) the way of introducing new terminology, as on a language level it leads, not to inclusion, but to exclusion, of disadvantaged people because as E. Benveniste states, the third person is rather the non-person. The conclusion is that politically correct speech should be grounded on a basis which takes into account the three persons of verb conjugation. Similar philosophical and ethical ideas can be found in works of J. Kristeva, Tz. Todorov, P. Ricoeur. An example is given for how these ideas can be implemented in the fields of film and art. This is one of the possible ways of overcoming the exclusion of disadvantaged people who are only named in politically correct terms, and not as participants, in social and political dialogue.
Catalyzed Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Lignin-Based Curing Agent for the Curing of High-Performance Epoxy Resin
Authors: Nikafshar Saeid , Zabihi Omid , Moradi Yousef , Ahmadi Mojtaba , Amiri Saba , Naebe Minoo
Published: July 2017

In this study, lignin, an aromatic compound from the forestry industry, was used as a renewable material to synthesize a new aromatic amine curing agent for epoxy resin. Firstly, lignin was separated from black liquor and hydroxyl groups were converted to tosyl groups as leaving groups. Then, primary amination was conducted using an ammonia solution at high pressure and temperature, in the presence of a nano-alumina-based catalyst. The structure of the nanocatalyst was confirmed by FT-IR, ICP, SEM, and XPS analyses. According to the FT-IR spectra, a demethylation reaction, the substitution of hydroxyl groups with tosyl groups, and then an amination reaction were successfully performed on lignin, which was further confirmed by the 13C NMR and CHNS analyses. The active hydrogen equivalent of aminated lignin was determined and three samples with 9.9 wt %, 12.9 wt %, and 15.9 wt % of aminated lignin, as curing agents, were prepared for curing the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The thermal characteristics of the curing process of these epoxy samples were determined by DSC and TGA analyses. Moreover, the mechanical performance of the cured epoxy systems, e.g., the tensile strength and Izod impact strength, were measured, showing that in the presence of 12.9 wt % aminated lignin, the mechanical properties of the aminated lignin-epoxy system exhibited the best performance, which was competitive, compared to the epoxy systems cured by commercial aromatic curing agents.
Implied Distributions from GBPUSD Risk-Reversals and Implication for Brexit Scenarios
Authors: Clark Iain , Amen Saeed
Published: July 2017

Much of the debate around a potential British exit (Brexit) from the European Union has centred on the potential macroeconomic impact. In this paper, we instead focus on understanding market expectations for price action around the Brexit referendum date. Extracting implied distributions from the GBPUSD option volatility surface, we originally estimated, based on our visual observation of implied probability densities available up to 13 June 2016, that the market expected that a vote to leave could result in a move in the GBPUSD exchange rate from 1.4390 (spot reference on 10 June 2016) down to a range in 1.10 to 1.30, i.e., a 10–25% decline—very probably with highly volatile price action. To quantify this more objectively, we construct a mixture model corresponding to two scenarios for the GBPUSD exchange rate after the referendum vote, one scenario for “remain” and one for “leave”. Calibrating this model to four months of market data, from 24 February to 22 June 2016, we find that a “leave” vote was associated with a predicted devaluation of the British pound to approximately 1.37 USD per GBP, a 4.5% devaluation, and quite consistent with the observed post-referendum exchange rate move down from 1.4877 to 1.3622. We contrast the behaviour of the GBPUSD option market in the run-up to the Brexit vote with that during the 2014 Scottish Independence referendum, finding the potential impact of Brexit to be considerably higher.
Solving Solar-Wind Power Station Location Problem Using an Extended Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) Technique with Interval Neutrosophic Sets
Authors: Nie Ru-xin , Wang Jian-qiang , Zhang Hong-yu
Published: July 2017

As one of the promising renewable energy resources, solar-wind energy has increasingly become a regional engine in leading the economy and raising competitiveness. Selecting a solar-wind power station location can contribute to efficient utilization of resource and instruct long-term development of socio-economy. Since the selection procedure consists of several location alternatives and many influential criteria factors, the selection can be recognized as a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. To better express multiple uncertainty information during the selection procedure, fuzzy set theory is introduced to manage that issue. Interval neutrosophic sets (INSs), which are characterized by truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership and falsity-membership functions in the interval numbers (INs) form, are feasible in modeling more uncertainty of reality. In this paper, a newly extended weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) technique, which involves novel three procedures, is utilized to handle MCDM issues under INSs environment. Some modifications are conducted in the extended method comparing with the classical WASPAS method. The most obvious improvement of the extended method relies on that it can generate more realistic criteria weight information by an objective and subjective integrated criteria weight determination method. A case study concerning solar-wind power station location selection is implemented to demonstrate the applicability and rationality of the proposed method in practice. Its validity and feasibility are further verified by a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis. These analyses effectively reveal that the extended WASPAS technique can well match the reality and appropriately handle the solar-wind power station location selection problem.
Protection Against CNS-Targeted Rabies Virus Infection is Dependent upon Type-1 Immune Mechanisms Induced by Live-Attenuated Rabies Vaccines
Authors: Lebrun Aurore , Garcia Samantha , Li Jianwei , Kean Rhonda , Hooper D.
Published: July 2017

Rabies remains a major public health issue worldwide, especially in developing countries where access to medical care can represent a real challenge. While there is still no cure for rabies, it is a vaccine-preventable disease with pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis regimens approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, many rabies-exposed individuals have limited access to vaccines and virus-neutralizing antibodies approved for post-exposure prophylaxis. Unfortunately, any delay in the administration of these reagents can have lethal consequences. This highlights the need to develop cost-effective immunological reagents with a greater window of efficacy. Live-attenuated vaccine strains of rabies virus presents a potential treatment in filling this gap. We show here that immunization with live-attenuated vaccines provide long-lasting rabies immunity, superior to the protection induced by inactivated vaccines. In the absence of an immunostimulatory adjuvant, vaccination with multiple doses of inactivated rabies virus induces a type-2 immune response. This type of immunity is highly effective at inducing neutralizing antibody but has limited efficacy in clearing the virus from central nervous system (CNS) tissues. In contrast, a single infection with live-attenuated rabies vaccine safely drives a type-1 immune response, associated with both the production of a neutralizing antibody and the clearance of wild-type rabies virus from CNS tissues. These results indicate that live-attenuated rabies strains have the potential to be more effective in post-exposure prophylaxis than conventional inactivated vaccines.
Hepatitis Delta Virus: Replication Strategy and Upcoming Therapeutic Options for a Neglected Human Pathogen
Authors: Lempp Florian , Urban Stephan
Published: July 2017

The human Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is unique among all viral pathogens. Encoding only one protein (Hepatitis Delta Antigen; HDAg) within its viroid-like self-complementary RNA, HDV constitutes the smallest known virus in the animal kingdom. To disseminate in its host, HDV depends on a helper virus, the human Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which provides the envelope proteins required for HDV assembly. HDV affects an estimated 15–20 million out of the 240 million chronic HBV-carriers and disperses unequally in disparate geographical regions of the world. The disease it causes (chronic Hepatitis D) presents as the most severe form of viral hepatitis, leading to accelerated progression of liver dysfunction including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a high mortality rate. The lack of approved drugs interfering with specific steps of HDV replication poses a high burden for gaining insights into the molecular biology of the virus and, consequently, the development of specific novel medications that resiliently control HDV replication or, in the best case, functionally cure HDV infection or HBV/HDV co-infection. This review summarizes our current knowledge of HBV molecular biology, presents an update on novel cell culture and animal models to study the virus and provides updates on the clinical development of the three developmental drugs Lonafarnib, REP2139-Ca and Myrcludex B.
Modeling Biofilms in Water Systems with New Variables: A Review
Authors: Li Qian , Xia Peng-Fei , Tao Ze-Yu , Wang Shu-Guang
Published: July 2017

In nature, microorganisms mainly live in biofilms rather than planktonically to defend against various environmental stimuli. Understanding and predicting the dynamics and mechanisms of biofilms is of grand importance to human life. Besides experimental approaches, modeling provides a powerful tool to describe biofilms mathematically, and the in silico simulation offers a deep insight into the underlying functional machineries of biofilms. In this review, we briefly summarized the main advances in biofilm modeling, including the 1D model, multidimensional model, as well as the incorporation of extracellular polymeric substance and quorum sensing signals. Specifically, we focus on recent experimental advances in biofilms, which may challenge the current modeling systems via newly discovered properties and novel participants in natural water systems. We hope this article could build a bridge between in silico modeling and new experimental discoveries, and, in particular, we wish to attract more attention to biofilm-related-environmental issues at various scales.
Optimal Use of Agricultural Water and Land Resources through Reconfiguring Crop Planting Structure under Socioeconomic and Ecological Objectives
Authors: Tan Qian , Zhang Shan , Li Ran
Published: July 2017

Many economic, social and ecological problems can be attributed to the scarcity and mismanagement of water and land resources. In this study, a multi-objective fuzzy–robust programming (MOFRP) method was developed for supporting the optimal use of land and water resources in agriculture. MOFRP improved existing methods through taking ecological services of crop cultivation into account. It was also capable of reflecting fuzziness in preferences, priorities and parameters that were largely neglected in previous agricultural decision making. This method was applied to address a case in arid northwestern China. Optimal plans of crop cultivation reconfiguration were generated for sustaining local development under economic, ecological and social objectives as well as physical restraints in water and land resources. Compared to the status quo, the optimized plan would increase economic and ecological benefits by 12.2% and 18.8%, respectively. The efficiency of irrigation water could also be enhanced with the economic and ecological benefits per unit water being raised and the water consumption per unit land being reduced. The comparisons of the MOFRP model to four alternatives validated that it was capable of achieving satisfactory benefits and reducing system-violation risks without neglecting valuable uncertain information and ecological services of crops. The proposed method was also applicable to other multi-objective management problems under uncertainty without loss of generality.
Pharmacists’ perceptions of their emerging general practice roles in UK primary care: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Butterworth Jo , Sansom Anna , Sims Laura , Healey Mark , Kingsland Ellie , Campbell John
Published: July 2017

Background

UK general practice is experiencing a workload crisis. Pharmacists are the third largest healthcare profession in the UK; however, their skills are a currently underutilised and potentially highly valuable resource for primary health care. This study forms part of the evaluation of an innovative training programme for pharmacists who are interested in extended roles in primary care, advocated by a UK collaborative ‘10-point GP workforce action plan’.

Aim

To explore pharmacists’ perceptions of primary care roles including the potential for greater integration of their profession into general practice.

Design and setting

A qualitative interview study in UK primary care carried out between October 2015 and July 2016.

Method

Pharmacists were purposively sampled by level of experience, geographical location, and type of workplace. Two confidential semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted — one before and one after the training programme. A constant comparative, inductive approach to thematic analysis was used.

Results

Sixteen participants were interviewed. The themes related to: initial expectations of the general practice role, varying by participants’ experience of primary care; the influence of the training course with respect to managing uncertainty, critical appraisal skills, and confidence for the role; and predictions for the future of this role.

Conclusion

There is enthusiasm and willingness among pharmacists for new, extended roles in primary care, which could effectively relieve GP workload pressures. A definition of the role, with examples of the knowledge, skills, and attributes required, should be made available to pharmacists, primary care teams, and the public. Training should include clinical skills teaching, set in context through exposure to general practice, and delivered motivationally by primary care practitioners.
Peritoneal Dialysis for Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Khan Sana , Giuliani Anna , Crepaldi Carlo , Ronco Claudio , Rosner Mitchell H.
Published: July 2017

End-stage renal disease secondary to autosomal dominant poly-cystic kidney (ADPKD) is a common issue worldwide. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a reasonable option for renal replacement therapy for these patients and should not be withheld due to concerns that the patient may not tolerate the fluid volumes in the peritoneal cavity. This review covers the existing data on the outcomes and complications associated with the use of PD in the polycystic kidney disease patient. In general, PD is well tolerated and outcomes in ADPKD patients are equivalent to or better than other patient groups.
Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers
Authors: Chen Hsien-Yeh
Published: July 2017

Vapor-deposition processes and the resulting thin polymer films provide consistent coatings that decouple the underlying substrate surface properties and can be applied for surface modification regardless of the substrate material and geometry. Here, various ways to structure these vapor-deposited polymer thin films are described. Well-established and available photolithography and soft lithography techniques are widely performed for the creation of surface patterns and microstructures on coated substrates. However, because of the requirements for applying a photomask or an elastomeric stamp, these techniques are mostly limited to flat substrates. Attempts are also conducted to produce patterned structures on non-flat surfaces with various maskless methods such as light-directed patterning and direct-writing approaches. The limitations for patterning on non-flat surfaces are resolution and cost. With the requirement of chemical control and/or precise accessibility to the linkage with functional molecules, chemically and topographically defined interfaces have recently attracted considerable attention. The multifunctional, gradient, and/or synergistic activities of using such interfaces are also discussed. Finally, an emerging discovery of selective deposition of polymer coatings and the bottom-up patterning approach by using the selective deposition technology is demonstrated.
BODIPY-based fluorescent liposomes with sesquiterpene lactone trilobolide
Authors: Škorpilová Ludmila , Rimpelová Silvie , Jurášek Michal , Buděšínský Miloš , Lokajová Jana , Effenberg Roman , Slepička Petr , Ruml Tomáš , Kmoníčková Eva , Drašar Pavel B , Wimmer Zdeněk
Published: July 2017

Like thapsigargin, which is undergoing clinical trials, trilobolide is a natural product with promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Similar to thapsigargin, it has limited aqueous solubility that strongly reduces its potential medicinal applications. The targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs can be achieved using liposome-based carriers. Therefore, we designed a traceable liposomal drug delivery system for trilobolide. The fluorescent green-emitting dye BODIPY, cholesterol and trilobolide were used to create construct 6. The liposomes were composed of dipalmitoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane and phosphatidylethanolamine. The whole system was characterized by atomic force microscopy, the average size of the liposomes was 150 nm in width and 30 nm in height. We evaluated the biological activity of construct 6 and its liposomal formulation, both of which showed immunomodulatory properties in primary rat macrophages. The uptake and intracellular distribution of construct 6 and its liposomal formulation was monitored by means of live-cell fluorescence microscopy in two cancer cell lines. The encapsulation of construct 6 into the liposomes improved the drug distribution in cancer cells and was followed by cell death. This new liposomal trilobolide derivative not only retains the biological properties of pure trilobolide, but also enhances the bioavailability, and thus has potential for the use in theranostic applications.
Analysis of Prefitting versus Postfitting Hearing Aid Orientation Using the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP)
Authors: Kemker Brett E. , Holmes Alice E.
Published: July 2017

Results of this study demonstrate the advantages of both pre- and postfitting hearing aid orientation (HAO) sessions. This study demonstrated that HAO counseling is helpful in expediting hearing aid benefit and satisfaction through the education of our clients and that this benefit
and satisfaction is age dependent as measured by the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP) (Gatehouse, 1997). Patients with greater initial disability, as identified by item 1 of the GHABP, receive significant benefit from prefitting and/or postfitting counseling as compared to patients
receiving no counseling. Implications of these findings are discussed. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran las ventajas de las sesiones de orientación (HAO) previas y posteriores a la adaptación de auxiliares auditivos. Este estudio demostró que las HAO son útiles
para acelerar el beneficio y la satisfacción con el auxiliar auditivo por medio de la educación de nuestros clientes, y que este beneficio y satisfacción son dependientes de la edad, conforme lo demuestra el Perfil de Glasgow de Beneficio del Auxiliar Auditivo (GHABP)
(Gatehouse, 1997). Los pacientes con mayor discapacidad inicial, identificados por el ítem 1 del GHABP, reciben un beneficio significativo de una consejería previa y posterior a la adaptación, comparados con pacientes que no reciben tal consejería. Se discuten las
implicaciones de estos hallazgos.
The Effectiveness of Thai Massage and Joint Mobilization
Authors: Juntakarn, MA Chantip , Prasartritha, MD Thavat , Petrakard, MD Prapoj
Published: July 2017

Background: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem resulting from many risk factors and human behaviors. Some of thesemay interact synergistically and have been implicated in the cause of low back pain. Massage both traditional Thai massage and joint mobilization as a common practice has been shown to be effective for some subgroup of nonspecific LBP patients.Purpose and Setting: The trial compared the effectiveness between traditional Thai massage and joint mobilization for treating nonspecificLBP. Some associated factors were included. The study was conducted at the orthopedic outpatient department, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.Methods: Prospective, randomized study was developed without control group. The required sample size was estimated based on previouscomparative studies for effectiveness between techniques. Two primary outcome measures were a 0 to 10 visual analog scale (VAS) of pain andOswestry Disability Index (ODI). Secondary outcome measures were satisfaction of patients and adverse effects of the treatment. The ‘‘intention to treat’’ (ITT) and per protocol approach were used to compare the significance of the difference between treatment groups.Participants: One hundred and twenty hospital outpatients, 20 (16.7%) male and 100 (83.3%) female, were randomized into traditional Thai massage and joint mobilization therapy. The average age of traditional Thai massage and joint mobilization was 50.7 years and 48.3 years, respectively. Both groups received each treatment for approximately 30 minutes twice per week over a four-week period. Total course did not exceed eight sessions.Result: With ITT, the mean VAS of traditional Thai massage group before treatment was 5.3 (SD = 1.7) and ODI was 24.9 (SD = 14.7), while in jointmobilization groups, the mean VAS was 5.0 (SD = 1.6) and ODI was 24.6 (SD = 15). After treatment, the mean VAS and ODI were significantlyreduced (VAS = 0.51 (SD = 0.89) and ODI = 8.1 (SD = 10.7) for traditional Thai massage, VAS = 0.86 (SD = 1.49) and ODI = 8.26 (SD = 12.97) for joint mobilization). Constipation was found in 34 patients (28.3%).Conclusion: The traditional Thai massage and joint mobilization used in this study were equally effective for short-term reduction of pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. Both techniques were safe with short term effect in a chosen group of patients.
Nursing care for mother-to-child transmission of HIV
Authors: Branco Layane Mayara Gomes Castelo , Maia Aíka Barros Barbosa , Barbosa Aílka Barros , Silva Maria Nauside Pessoa da , Rodrigues Lívia Moreira De Carvalho , Melo Teresa Marly Teles de Carvalho
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate, through the literature, the relevance of neonatal care, through professional training in qualified and humanized care, with a view to reducing child mortality.

Method: An integrative review of the international scientific literature was carried out, in order to answer the following question: "How does neonatal care, through professional training, have the most qualified and humanized assistance in order to reduce infant mortality?" Eight articles were analyzed, which gave rise to three categories: Assistance aimed at HIV + pregnant women; Alternative breastfeeding and The role of Nursing in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in the puerperal gravid cycle.

Conclusion: Structural actions of promotion and prevention are important measures of health education in the reduction of infant mortality, with nursing having a important role in guaranteeing them.
Experimental investigation of cracking behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with steel fibres produced in Lithuania
Authors: Meškėnas Adas , Gribniak Viktor , Kaklauskas Gintaris , Sokolov Aleksandr , Gudonis Eugenijus , Rimkus Arvydas
Published: July 2017

Concrete is the most widely used material for bridge structures in Lithuania. A case study performed by the authors revealed that application of fibres might improve serviceability of such structures. However, adequacy of prediction of the post-cracking behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete might be insufficient. The latter issue is closely related to the assessment of the residual strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete. The residual strength, in most cases, is considered as a material property of the cracked concrete. However, in the prediction of the structural behaviour of the concrete members with bar reinforcement, a straightforward application of the residual strength values assessed by using standard techniques might lead to incorrect results. The present study deals with the post-cracking behaviour of structural elements made of concrete with aggregates and fibres provided by Lithuanian companies. Test results of three full-scale and sixteen standard steel fibre reinforced concrete beams with two different content of fibres (23.6 kg/m3 and 47.1 kg/m3) are presented. The full-scale beams were reinforced with high-grade steel bars. Effectiveness of the application of the minimum content of the fibres in combination with bar reinforcement was revealed experimentally.
Design procedures for footbridges subjected to walking loads: comparison and remarks
Authors: Avossa Alberto Maria , Demartino Cristoforo , Ricciardelli Francesco
Published: July 2017

This paper aims at pointing out some misconceptions concerning the evaluation of the walking-induced dynamic response of footbridges, and their impact on design procedures. First, a review of the existing Code provisions is briefly presented. In particular single-walker models and multiple-walker models are addressed; in doing so, models originally presented in different forms are made homogeneous for the purpose of comparison; their limits of applicability and advantages are pointed out. Then, the response of six steel box girder footbridges with different spans is evaluated following the provisions of existing Standards and Guidelines, and compared with allowable comfort levels. The comparison showed a wide scatter of the results, revealing some inconsistencies of the procedures, and underlining a clear need for their critical revision.
Digital Lexicography: Research of Usage of Different Dictionary Types at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Authors: Nomicienė Daiva , Stunžaitė Alisa
Published: July 2017

The current research focuses on the investigation of the VGTU students’ and foreign language teachers’ attitude towards the types of dictionaries: printed, electronic versions of printed dictionaries and dictionaries available online. The aim of the research was to set the most used type of the dictionaries by the students and foreign language teachers at VGTU. 296 students from different study programmes and 12 foreign language teachers were selected to participate in the investigation. The research data was analysed from two perspectives: qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively data was analysed with the help of literature review method, a questionnaire and a comparative analysis. Therefore, quantitatively data was analysed relying on the method of descriptive statistics. The collected data revealed the differences in the students’ and the foreign language teachers’ attitude. Majority of the students preferred online dictionaries to printed and electronic, whereas the selection of the dictionary type by the foreign language teachers was limited to a printed version. The same tendency could be observed relying on the question about the search of special terms. Majority of the students would rely on the dictionaries available on the Internet, hence teachers would select printed ones. Relying on the research, it could be concluded that while preparing study material and recommendations for the students, foreign language teachers should rely on students’ attitude.
Projet scientifique et pratiques éditoriales de la Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances
Authors: rédaction Le Comité de
Published: July 2017

L’article rappelle le projet scientifique et éditorial à l’origine de la Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances (RAC), lancée en 2007, en particulier la convergence pluridisciplinaire qui l’avait portée sur ses fondations. Il expose ensuite les pratiques et les choix de politique éditoriale qui l’ont façonnée et dont les procédures ne sont pas a priori moins importantes que les contenus et les orientations épistémiques. Elles concernent les procédures d’évaluation mais aussi les choix de support (l’accès électronique en ligne), de format d’articles notamment, de langue de publication, de diffusion (l’accès complet aux lecteurs) et de modèle économique.
Démocratiser la science
Authors: Domènech Miquel
Published: July 2017

Avec les sociétés de la connaissance, le rôle des savoirs experts s’est renforcé dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale. Quand ils touchent les processus délibératifs et la décision politique, leur rôle questionne la qualité et la nature des dispositifs démocratiques contemporains, compte tenu de l’éloignement de la citoyenneté qu’ils produisent dans les affaires publiques. La demande pour une démocratisation de la science a été l’une des réponses les plus fréquentes proposées à ce problème dans les études sur les sciences et technologies depuis le début du 21e siècle. Cet article suggère qu’il s’agit toujours d’un défi actuel et que cela a à voir essentiellement avec le fait qu’il a été abordé à partir de conceptions de la science et du politique qui en faisaient un objectif difficilement atteignable, voire impossible. Considérant toutefois que sa pertinence n’a pas cessé d’être avérée, l’article formule quelques suggestions quant à ce que pourraient être les questions et les thèmes à traiter pour que la démocratisation du projet scientifique devienne un projet sensé pour notre discipline.
Une transition thématique dans les STS ?
Authors: Vessuri Hebe
Published: July 2017

Le monde semble s’intégrer de plus en plus, ouvrant d’autant plus de possibilités d’actions collectives. Toute une série de biens publics tels que la paix mondiale, la santé, la protection de l’environnement, la connaissance globale, doivent être protégés parce que si la communauté internationale ne s’en occupe pas collectivement, il est probable qu’ils seront perdus. Les grands acteurs de l’entreprise concentrent une partie importante de la richesse mondiale ; ils pourraient aider à assurer ces biens publics mondiaux. L’article se penche sur la relation entre le secteur des grandes entreprises multinationales et les Nations Unies et ce que cela implique pour l’avenir des biens mondiaux et pour l’Agenda 2030.
Les acteurs européens de la circulation des normes dans le secteur de l’emploi
Authors: Arrignon Mehdi
Published: July 2017

Résumé L’article étudie les acteurs et les mécanismes de la circulation européenne des normes en matière de politique de l’emploi. Prenant pour espace d’analyse les rencontres européennes du Mutual Learning Programme , l’article aborde des questionnements classiques de sociologie du pouvoir: qui fixe l’agenda ? Quels intervenants sont ciblés ? Et par qui ? Sur quelles bases se réalisent les échanges ? Quelle est la place des acteurs institutionnels de l’Union européenne (UE) dans le processus ? L’enquête sur laquelle est basée l’article renseigne sur les positions et les relations de pouvoir spécifiques des acteurs intervenant dans le processus de circulation des normes. L’article montre finalement que l’organisation des échanges européens n’est pas aussi souple et horizontale que le projet de « coordination ouverte » le suppose: le Mutual Learning Programme renforce des logiques d’asymétrie entre les différents acteurs de la coordination européenne.
La gestion intégrée des frontières : circulation et projection internationale d’un « modèle » européen. L’exemple de la Turquie
Authors: Le Chêne Elen
Published: July 2017

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse au modèle de Gestion Intégrée des Frontières (GIF). Élaboré par l’Union européenne dans les années 2000, il fait rapidement l’objet d’une circulation intense au-delà des frontières de l’UE. La Turquie représente à cet égard un terrain clé de diffusion. Des experts de différentes institutions y promeuvent des savoirs et savoir-faire dans le secteur de la gestion des frontières. Des divisions internes au monde de la GIF se réactualisent alors au cours du travail d’import-export d’expertise. Cela entraîne des effets sur les « bonnes pratiques » valorisées pour réformer la gestion des frontières et, en définitive, sur la construction d’un modèle GIF hors de l’UE.
Les géomètres de la sphère administrative : socio-histoire d’un mouvement réformateur internationalisé dans l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Payre Renaud
Published: July 2017

Résumé L’article étudie l’émergence, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, d’un projet consistant en une véritable réforme administrative fondée sur une science de l’administration publique. Ce projet se consolide fortement au niveau international à travers la construction de certaines catégories communes. Les faits administratifs sont alors présentés comme des faits sociaux spécifiques. C’est l’administration – qu’elle soit d’ailleurs publique ou privée – dans son ensemble qui doit faire l’objet d’une réforme. Cette réforme administrative défend l’existence de nouveaux professionnels au service d’un travail administratif plus centralisé et plus efficace. La visée est bien la formation des administrateurs mais également la production d’un modèle universel d’administration. L’article revient sur les obstacles auxquels se confrontent de tels réformateurs. Cette réforme s’est notamment heurtée au contexte géopolitique des années 1930 qui a limité l’autonomisation de cet espace de circulation.
The Vicious Circle Trapping Iranian Workers since the 1990s
Authors: Maljoo Mohammad
Published: July 2017

This paper aims at explaining how Iranian worker families have been gradually trapped in a vicious circle with regard to their living conditions since the early 1990s. It hypothesizes that this vicious circle stems mainly from the juxtaposition of specific worker-employer class relations with peculiar intra-class relations between the productive bourgeoisie and its parasitic counterparts in the ruling social and political class (i.e. unproductive capital, the ideological state apparatus, commercial capital, and agents of capital flight). It shows that the domination of employers over workers has led to the deterioration of worker families’ living conditions. This deterioration was to be compensated for by a long-run trickle-down effect, which has been rendered dysfunctional by the domination of the ruling class over the productive bourgeoisie, thus further deteriorating worker families’ living conditions.
Sur « l’ONGisation des mouvements sociaux » : dépolitisation de l’engagement ou évitement du social ?
Authors: Moallic Benjamin
Published: July 2017

Comment analyser la multiplication sans précédent d’associations, de fondations et d’organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) dans le Salvador de la fin des années 1980, et que nous disent ces phénomènes des mutations à l’œuvre dans les milieux militants centraméricains ? Partant des récits d’anciens cadres du Front Farabundo Martí de libération nationale (FMLN) et de témoignages sur l’évolution des communautés de réfugiés salvadoriens, nous interrogeons la notion « d’ONGisation des mouvements sociaux » aujourd’hui employée pour expliquer la multiplication des associations en Amérique centrale. À distance des analyses en termes de « dépolitisation », nous montrons que ce qui est en jeu dans l’ONGisation des mouvements sociaux procède moins d’une délégitimation des conflits sociaux que de l’invention d’un nouveau mode de prise en charge, permettant de lier ensemble une dépendance inhérente au militantisme à une exigence nouvelle d’égalité ; modalité qui suppose moins la fragmentation des couches populaires que leur « évitement ».
Militancia sandinista y movilización social en Nicaragua: la profesionalización del compromiso
Authors: Pirker Kristina
Published: July 2017

Este artículo estudia la relación entre momentos políticos, transformaciones ideológicas y organizativas del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), así como las estrategias de los militantes para insertarse profesionalmente en espacios y organizaciones encargados de representar a los intereses sociales de grupos históricamente excluidos de la política. Para ilustrar este proceso se presentarán las trayectorias políticas de cuatro militantes señalando cómo se involucraron en el movimiento sandinista, qué conocimientos y habilidades adquirieron y cómo aplicaron estos aprendizajes para movilizar a determinados grupos de la población en función de los objetivos estratégicos del FSLN. De esta manera, el artículo busca enriquecer el debate respecto a los factores que explican la consolidación de la posición del FSLN después de 1990 en el sistema político nicaragüense, y que no pueden ser limitados a la capacidad de sus líderes de negociar con otras fuerzas políticas los espacios de poder institucional.
Reconversion d’un savoir militant en expertise étatique : l’exemple des réformes autour de la sécurité en Argentine
Authors: Martinez Candice
Published: July 2017

En Argentine, la transition démocratique voit émerger sur la scène publique un ensemble d’acteurs mobilisés pour une « démocratisation » des institutions policières et pénales. Leurs revendications ne seront pas entendues jusqu’à la fin des années 1990. Dans un contexte de montée de l’insécurité, le gouvernement fédéral adopte un plan de prévention de la délinquance qui affiche l’objectif de « démocratiser le gouvernement de la sécurité » afin de mener une politique « plus respectueuse des droits de l’homme ». Comment expliquer cette référence à la démocratisation et aux droits humains ? En retraçant les trajectoires biographiques des acteurs à l’origine de ce plan, notre article décrit la reconversion de savoirs universitaires-militants en savoirs d’État.
O DESAFIO DO TRABALHO COM ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI: INTERVENÇÃO EM PSICODINÂMICA DO TRABALHO
Authors: Moreira da Costa Jéssica Emanoeli , Brasil Katia Tarouquella , Ganem Valérie
Published: July 2017

Os Atendentes de Reintegração Socioeducativo (ATRS) trabalham no acompanhamento, guarda e segurança dos adolescentes que cumprem medidas socioeducativas por terem cometido atos infracionais previstos no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). Trata-se de um trabalho, no âmbito das políticas públicas, que possui dimensão educativa e de sanção. Este artigo discute as estratégias coletivas de defesa desses trabalhadores, que lidam cotidianamente com adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Utilizou-se a metodologia proposta em Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Concluiu-se que, por meio de uma forte união, esses trabalhadores protegem-se das patologias do trabalho, pois saem da posição de isolamento e se inserem em um espaço de relações intersubjetivas que sustentam o trabalho e afastam o medo e as angústias. O fortalecimento do coletivo ocorre pela mobilização da cooperação, em torno de uma disciplina quase carcerária direcionada aos adolescentes em privação de liberdade. Uma disciplina que dissimularia uma estratégia coletiva de defesa que nega o fato de que os adolescentes em conflito com a lei estão em situação de vulnerabilidade psíquica e social. Esta estratégia coletiva de defesa possui a função, nas condições atuais de trabalho, de proteger esses sujeitos do medo de tecerem uma relação de proximidade com os esses adolescentes, baseada na certeza de que em tal relação esses trabalhadores estariam em perigo e desprotegidos.
RESILIÊNCIA E VELHICE: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE IDOSOS DE DIFERENTES CLASSES SOCIAIS
Authors: Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes de , Silva Rayfran José Sousa
Published: July 2017

O crescimento no número de idosos no Brasil e no mundo é uma realidade nas estatísticas sociodemográficas. Tal fator é resultado do avanço no acesso aos serviços sociossanitários, bem como ao tratamento de algumas doenças que têm propiciado maior longevidade e esperança de vida. Desse modo, a resiliência é um constructo psicossocial importante que possibilita enfrentamento das adversidades na velhice. A presente investigação teve como objetivos principais estudar e comparar os níveis de resiliência entre idosos de diferentes classes sociais (baixa renda e alta renda). A amostra foi composta por 20 idosos, entre eles, homens e mulheres, de ambas as classes sociais, com idades que variam de 61 a 84 anos (M=67, 75 DP= 6,17). No contato com os participantes, foram utilizados instrumentos como questionários sociodemográficos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise da entrevista semiestruturada, foi empregada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A partir dos dados desta pesquisa, pode-se verificar que os idosos de ambos os grupos relataram dificuldades decorrentes do período da velhice, porém tanto o de nível social baixo como o de alto estão munidos de ideias e recursos para superar os empecilhos que a vida apresenta. Espera-se que os dados da presente pesquisa possam subsidiar novas investigações, com o escopo de somar dados inovadores, referentes à resiliência na velhice com idosos de diferentes classes sociais, considerando-se a escassez de publicações relacionadas a esse tema e as limitações deste estudo.
USO DE MENSAGENS DE CELULAR PARA CESSAÇÃO DO TABAGISMO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Ervilha Rafaela Russi , Andrade Bárbara Any Bianchi Bottaro de , Gomide Henrique Pinto , Machado Nathália Munck , Formagini Taynara Dutra Batista , Ronzani Telmo Mota
Published: July 2017

Formas inovadoras de tecnologias de comunicação, como a internet e o uso de celular, são cada vez mais utilizadas para ajudar fumantes a parar de fumar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o uso de mensagens de celular como forma de intervenção para pessoas que desejam parar de fumar. Pesquisas foram conduzidas nas bases de dados PubMed, Psychinfo, Scielo e Pepsic. Palavras-chave incluíram: [“tobacco use cessation” OR “tobacco use disorder”] AND [“intervention studies” OR “clinical trial” OR “evaluation studies”] AND [“text messaging”]. Os critérios de seleção dos estudos foram: 1) abordarem o tema mensagens de texto de celular para o tratamento do tabagismo; 2) ser um estudo clínico; 3) artigos científicos com textos completos disponíveis em bases de dados e 4) estar nos idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês. Entre os 23 estudos encontrados, sete preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Em seis dos sete estudos encontrados o envio de mensagens de celular foi a intervenção mais eficaz. Intervenções baseadas no envio de mensagens de celular são uma estratégia complementar ao tratamento do tabagismo que podem contribuir para a cessação tabágica. A inclusão de apenas três idiomas foi uma limitação dessa revisão.
Partial anomalous hepatic venous drainage into left-sided atrium with right isomerism: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Bhatia Anmol , Sodhi Kushaljit S , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: July 2017

Right isomerism, also known as Ivemark syndrome, is an unusual degree of symmetry of some of the abdominothoracic viscera reflecting bilateral right-sidedness. We report an exceedingly rare occurrence of anomalous drainage of the left hepatic vein to the left-sided atrium in a patient of right isomerism. With this case report, we further endorse that the isomerism of atrium might extend beyond the appendages, a view that has been long dismissed by the existing literature.
Differentiation of secondary involvement of the breast by lymphoreticular malignancy from fibroadenoma using ultrasound elastography: A report of two cases
Authors: Abdulkadir Eren , Gulhan Ertan , Ulus Sila
Published: July 2017

Extramedullary lymphoma infiltration of the breast by lymphoblastic lymphoma is very rare and most cases are of B-cell lineage; T-cell neoplasms represent less than 10% of all breast lymphomas. Here, we report one patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma and one patient with leukemia, who have similar lesions in breasts with different ultrasound elastography findings. Ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsies were performed and the first lesion was confirmed as lymphoma infiltration and the second as fibroadenoma. In cases of breast mass presence in patients with a history of hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma or leukemia, breast infiltration should be kept in mind. Elastography findings can assist in the differentiation of these lesions and further investigations or biopsies can be avoided.
Sequential MR imaging (with diffusion-weighted imaging) changes in metronidazole-induced encephalopathy
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Kaur Ramanjeet , Pokhariyal Pawan , Aggarwal Rajul
Published: July 2017

Metronidazole-induced neuro-toxicity, though rare, is known. A characteristic spatial distribution of lesions in cerebellar dentate nuclei and dorsal pons is known. However, temporal progression of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been described previously. We describe two such cases which presented initially with splenial hyperintesity and showed progression to characterstic lesions. Both cases improved with stoppage of metronidazole.
Imaging features of vascular compression in abdomen: Fantasy, phenomenon, or true syndrome
Authors: Srisajjakul Sitthipong , Prapaisilp Patcharin , Bangchokdee Sirikan
Published: July 2017

Vascular structures in the abdomen can compress or be compressed by adjacent structures. Classic imaging findings of vascular compressions, including median arcuate ligament syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, nutcracker syndrome, portal biliopathy, May-Thurner syndrome, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction will be discussed here. It is important to correlate imaging findings and clinical data to identify asymptomatic vascular compression which requires no treatment, intermittent vascular compression with nonspecific or vague clinical manifestation, and the subset of patients with true syndromes who will benefit from treatment.