bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR IMMOBILIZED YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Bielykh I. , Samoilenko S. , Belinska A. , Varankina O. , Blyzniuk O. , Masalitina N. , Myronenko L. , Kukushkin A.
Published: December 2021

Article is devoted to the current state and problems of microbial cells immobilization and also prolonged storage of immobilized cells systems for the aims of biotechnological industry.

In the experimental part immobilization conditions for the cells S. cerevisiae in alginate gel and vitality test, which had given high reproducibility of experimental results, were developed.

Experimental results showed that viability of immobilized cells was higher than that of free yeast cells. It is possible that gel matrix has a protective effect on yeast cells during freezing.

Comprehensive effect of cooling modes and preservation protective mediums, which contain sodium alginate, on viability of yeasts has been investigated. Advantage of yeast cells storage in immobilized state was shown experimentally. It was found that cooling mode and composition of preservation medium affect on the viability of S. cerevisiae cells during cryopreservation. In all freezing medium, both without protective components and with addition of a cryoprotective agent, the best results were obtained with cooling at a rate of 1°C/min. Viability indices in the samples were: 73.1 % – in distilled water; 90.8 % – in 1 % sodium alginate solution; 87.1 % – in 5 % DMSO solution and 86.1 % – in 1 % sodium alginate solution with the addition of 5 % DMSO. When cells were frozen in a 5 % DMSO solution and in a 1 % sodium alginate solution with the addition of 5 % DMSO, number of viable cells also decreased as cooling rate increased, but, probably, did not differ from the cell viability index in those samples that were frozen in 1 % sodium alginate solution. The highest results of viability for S. cerevisiae yeast cells were obtained during slow cooling for all cryoprotective mediums. For the first time, high cryoprotective properties of sodium alginate solution, were shown.

Obtained results are enable to recommend the sodium alginate as a carrier for cryopreserved immobilized cells when using it in biotechnological processing for biologically active substances production.
Flow Characteristics of the Nozzle Blade Cascade in the Mode of the Joint Operation with the Radial Diffuser
Authors: Lapuzin Alexander , Subotovich Valery , Yudin Yuriy , Naumenko Svetlana , Malymon Ivan
Published: December 2021

The obtained research data are given for the nozzle cascade used by a small-size gas turbine of an average fanning in combination with the radial diffuser. Aerodynamic characteristics of the nozzle blade cascade were determined in a wide range of a change in the Reynolds number varying from 4∙105 to 106 and the reduced velocity varying in the range of 0.4 to 1.13. The flow rate coefficient of the nozzle cascade was derived for all modes using the integral methods and the drainages behind the cascade. The kinetic energy loss coefficient and the flow angles were calculated using the measurement data of flow parameters in three control modes that were obtained due to the use of orientable pneumometric probes. When the expansion degree of the convergent –divergent annular duct behind the cascade is equal to 1.43 the flow in the narrow section of this duct is “enlocked” in the mode when the reduced velocity behind the cascade is equal to 1.127. At such velocity the Reynolds number 106 is self-similar for the flow rate coefficient. At lower values of Reynolds number, the decrease of it is accompanied by an intensive decrease in the flow rate coefficient for all the values of the reduced velocity. For the Reynolds number lower than 7∙105 an increase in the velocity results in a decreased flow rate coefficient. When this number exceeds 8∙105 an increase in the velocity results in an increase of the flow coefficient up to the moment when the flow is “enlocked” in the nozzle cascade.
Heat Exchange and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Unified Package of Cold Layer of RAH
Authors: Rymar Tetiana
Published: December 2021

Heating the air in the boiler air heater with the heat of fuel combustion products performs the functions of increasing the fuel combustion temperature, increasing the temperature level of gases in convective heating surfaces, improving ignition and fuel combustion conditions, increasing boiler efficiency by utilizing waste gas heat, improving fuel quality due to its preliminary supply, etc. However, the peculiarities of the process of heating the air in the air heaters do not allow to achieve a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gases. This is due to the unfavorable ratio of heat capacities of flue gases and air, as well as corrosion and contamination of the heating surfaces of air heaters. The research of heat transfer processes and hydraulic resistance of unified package of cold layer of RAH is depicted at this work. The graphic dependence of the change in the coefficient of hydraulic resistance and Nu number for unified packages with single line of sheets and simplified profile with corrosion resistance enamel from the Reynolds number for different values of the length of the replaced areas was constructed. The unified packing of the simplified profile has increased by 1.17 times equivalent diameter and is characterized by good operational parameters and takes into account the risk of contamination of heating surfaces due to the enamel coating.
Flutter of Fan Blades in the Aircraft Engine in the Three-Dimensional Subsonic Gas Flow
Authors: Gnesin Vitaly , Kolodyazhnaya Lyubov , Bykov Yuriy , Kravchenko Igor , Petrov Oleksii , Donchenko Viacheslav
Published: December 2021

Aeroelasticity problems arise in the different fields of technology. The accident-free operation of the airborne machines is one of the most important factors that should be taken into account during their designing and upgrading. The solution of this problem involves the implementation of many measures to provide the system reliability on the whole, including its individual elements, in particular aircraft engine, its fan whose wide-chord blades can be exposed to the wreckage due to different reasons including the aeroelastic effects, i.e. self-excited vibrations. As a result, the origination of the aeroelastic phenomenon (flutter) in design and off-design modes should be eliminated at the stage of the design and operational development of the rotor wheel that would result in a considerable increase of the level of reliability of the aircraft engine. Based on the analysis of the available methods used for the flutter prediction we can draw a conclusion that the most promising approach to the analysis of the aeroelastic behavior of the blade ring of fan is the use of the method based on the three-dimensional model of the aerodynamics and dynamics (the method used for the solution of the coupled aeroelastic problem). By solving the coupled aeroelastic problem of the nonstationary aerodynamics and elastic vibrations of the blades we can get the amplitude –frequency blade vibration spectrum for the three-dimensional gas flow, including forced vibrations and self-excided vibrations in order to increase the reliability of the blade row of turbine machines. The developed numerical method was used for the analysis of the aeroelastic behavior of the blade ring of the fan mounted in the airborne engine for the operation mode of 3520 rmp with appropriate boundary conditions at the inlet and outlet behind the ring. The computation data confirmed the origination of self-vibrations for the given fan operation mode.
Central Air Conditioning Systems with Partial Indirect Evaporative Cooling and Utilization of Cold and Heat of Ventilation Emissions
Authors: Bozhenko Mykhaylo , Izhevska Tatiana
Published: December 2021

A promising trend in air conditioning systems is the use of indirect evaporative cooling, but in the classic version it is effective in dry and hot climates. For the need to maintain comfortable air parameters in public buildings, it is not possible to fully implement such a process in the conditions of Ukraine (the relative humidity of the outside air ranges from 63 to 75 %). The aim of the work is to increase the energy efficiency of air conditioning systems with standard equipment through partial evaporative cooling and use for cooling water in cooling towers of the air removed from the rooms during the warm season, and in the cold season - use of the exhaust air for preheating the supply air in heat exchanger. A corresponding system diagram was developed and computational studies of a direct-flow circuit and a circuit with recirculation were carried out for one of the educational buildings of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. According to the results of calculating the direct-flow circuit in the warm period, the energy efficiency of indirect evaporative cooling was 23.5 %. The annual amount of recovered heat of ventilation emissions for this scheme in the cold period was 3731 GJ / year, and the economic effect - 1473185 UAH / year. For a circuit with recirculation during a warm period, the greatest effect of indirect evaporative cooling is achieved with a recirculation rate of 10 %, and for the overall decrease in the cooling capacity of the air conditioner during this period the greatest impact is not indirect evaporative cooling, but recirculation. In the cold season, the greatest utilization effect is also achieved with a 10 % recirculation rate.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF DISCREETLY CONTINUAL STRENG-THENING METHODS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF MILITARY AND CIVILIAN VEHICLES ELEMENTS
Authors: Kravchenko Serhii , Tkachuk Mykola А. , Grabovskiy Andrey , Veretelnyk Oleg , Tkachuk Mykola M. , Grechka Irina Iryna , Vasiliev Anton , Loznyi Oleg , Chala Yuliia
Published: December 2021

The paper describes studies of breakthrough methods effectiveness for sharply increasing the resource of highly loaded military and civilian vehicles elements based on methods of their discreetly continual strengthening. These methods, unlike traditional ones, combine the advantages of discrete and continual strengthening methods and lack their main disadvantages. The analysis of contact interaction of representative structures of contacting bodies at the microlevel is carried out. They consist of fragments of contacting parts, one of which is strengthened continually, and the other part is strengthened discretely. At contact interaction at the microlevel, on the one hand, the effects of the nanоlevel are manifested, and on the other hand, the effects of the macrolevel are manifested too. Nanoeffects are the redistribution of contact forces between bodies: from smooth ones they turn into an archipelago of hilly elevations. Macroeffects are to adapt the shape of the contact parts to the distribution of contact forces, smoothing their overall unevenness. As a result, the overall effect of strengthening is achieved, increasing the strength, load capacity and resource of military and civilian vehicles elements. A breakthrough is being achieved in improving the performance of military and civilian vehicles, which corresponds to or exceeds the world level for similar products.
Keywords: discrete strengthening; continual strengthening; discreetly continual strengthening; contact interaction; military and civilian vehicles
INCREASING THE COMFORTABILITY OF THE VEHICLE DURING ACCELERATION BY IMPROVING THE DESIGN AND CONTROL METHODS OF THE MOTOR-TRANSMISSION UNIT
Authors: Podrigalo Mikhail , Krasnokutskyi Volodymir , Tkachenko Olexander
Published: December 2021

The derivative of acceleration with respect to time is used to evaluate and ensure driving comfort during acceleration and deceleration. Frequent and rapid changes in acceleration means frequent and rapid deformation, which can lead to the destruction of the load. The article proposes to minimize the amount of acceleration due to the rational choice of transmission ratios in intermediate gears and the law of changing the engine torque. The use of continuously variable transmissions allows you to solve the problem by choosing a rational law for changing the gear ratio of the transmission. The method of selection at the stage of car design of the maximum effective engine power and transmission ratio in top gear is proposed, taking into account the improved formula for calculating the aerodynamic resistance to motion. The required laws of change in the efficiency of the torque and engine power have been determined. The use of a continuously variable transmission allows the engine to operate at a constant high-speed mode and provides control over the acceleration of the car by changing the fuel supply. It is determined that the engine power expended on the movement with the adjustment of the acceleration of the car will be less than with unregulated acceleration if the exponent at the speed of the car, obtained experimentally, is less than one.
Keywords: car; comfort; continuously variable transmission; motor-transmission unit; power; overclocking; aerodynamic resistance; gear ratio
IN MEMORY OF OLEXANDER ADOLFOVYCH GRUNAUER (1921–2013)
Authors: Tkachuk Anna
Published: December 2021

Olexander Grunauer left behind the brightest memories in the souls of his numerous students who will cherish forever reminiscences of their Teacher with heartfelt warmth
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE MASS OF A CLOSED PLANETARY MECHANISM FORMED BY TWO SIMPLE PLANETARY MECHANISMS OF JAMES
Authors: Matusevich Vladimir , Sharaban Jurij , Shehov Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

The mathematical model of estimation of a design mass of the closed planetary mechanism formed from two simple planetary mechanisms of James (mechanism of type ), taking into account their structural diagrams and design constraints, determined by the conditions of contact and bending strengths of external gearing of sun gears and satellites, is offered. A model is a dimensionless function (analogue of mass) of two variables – transmission relations of simple planetary mechanisms, and set of numerical parameters. As parameters of analogue of mass coefficients are chosen, characterizing the models of mass of gear wheels and carriers, structural and strength limitations of the external gearing of simple planetary mechanisms of the type , and also structure of these mechanisms. In the program Mathcad differential properties of the offered model and influence on position of minimum of analogue of mass are investigational depending on the numerical values of his parameters. Documents of the Mathcad program are presented that implement computer modeling of algorithms for parametric optimization of mass closed planetary mechanism, where the function of the analogue of the mass of the given mechanism is used as the objective function. A comparative analysis of minimizing the design mass of two kinematic schemes of planetary mechanisms is considered – closed planetary mechanism and in-line planetary of the type .
Keywords: simple planetary mechanism of James, simple planetary mechanism type ; closed planetary mechanism; in-line planetary mechanism; mass of closed planetary mechanism; contact strength of gearing; bending strength of gearing; parametric optimization; parametric optimization of mass of planetary mechanism
GENERALIZED CRITERIA FOR LOADING CAPACITY OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
Authors: Yahlinskyi Viktor , Hutyrуa Serhii , Khomiak Yuriy , Belikov Viktor
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the correspondence of the set of functional indicators of industrial robots to the criteria of criteria similarity conditions is carried out. Using the methods of the theory of dimensions, criteria for the similarity of the functional properties of carrying capacity, speed-action and dynamism of industrial robots in terms of rotational and translational degrees of mobility have been determined. The necessary set of criteria has been created and a concept has been proposed for determining the generalized criterion complexes of the load capacity for modules, aggregates and the entire structure of the robot as a whole using the method of defragmentation and averaging the corresponding criteria by degrees of mobility. The proposed performance criterion makes it possible to compare the performance of a group of robots in terms of three kinematic indicators: speed, acceleration and the range of permissible displacements. For robots of light load capacity, the technical evolution of the considered criterion complexes is presented. It is noticed that with an increase in the reach of the robot, the criterion of load-carrying capacity for all robots decreases. The developed criteria make it possible to assess the speed action and loading capacity of a robot of any design and can be used to determine the technical level of robots and identify reserves for increasing it.
Key words: degrees of mobility; manipulation system; homogeneous functions; dynamic parameters
ANALYSIS OF THE HEAT PUMP OPERATION IN THE LOW-TEMPERATURE RECTIFICATION SYSTEM OF PROPANE-BUTANE MIXTURE
Authors: Morozyuk Larisa , Kostenko Evgeny
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the operation of a heat pump in the system of low-temperature rectification of a propane-butane mixture. High-purity propane is obtained from a propane-butane mixture. A "rectification column-heat pump" system is proposed, which transforms the heat removed during the cooling of the component in the upper part of the column into heat absorbed during heating of the bottoms. In accordance with the energy balance of the system, it has been established that part of the heat pump condensation is not used in the distillation column, but is removed to the environment. The heat pump flow diagram contains one evaporator and two condensers. The operation of the heat pump is evaluated from the standpoint of thermodynamics – by the method of energy analysis of the cycle with R134 and R290 working substances, It has been established that the low thermodynamic efficiency of the heat pump is determined by external irreversible losses in the condensers and the evaporator The advantages of R290 as a working substance of the heat pump have been proved and the required theoretical volumetric capacity of the compressor has been determined.
PRODUCTION REDUCTION ANALYSIS AND WELL OPERATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Zezekalo Ivan , Bukhkalo Svetlana , Ivanytska Iryna
Published: December 2021

The method of Arps fall curve as an effective method that allows reliable and efficient prediction of well flow, a necessary parameter for optimal and correct choice of well operation is considered in the article. Forecasting the flow rate of wells in fields with high-viscosity oil stocks is one of the most difficult tasks in the development of oil fields. It is proved that the use of the Arps method simplifies this task, as it gives the correct results quickly and easily. The importance of the choice of well operation methods is analyzed. It has been proven that the analysis of reduced production is a means of identifying productivity problems in wells to assess their future productivity and expected service life. The use of the Harmony Enterprise platform is designed to analyze the performance of oil and gas wells and inventory assessment, to create common corporate work processes, use technical knowledge and exchange interpretations, which allows you to identify promising assets, evaluation and development strategy. The results of this work are very important and necessary for further research and analysis of the fall in production and analysis of the well.
Development of meat and fish formed semi-finished products for herodietic food
Authors: Peshuk Liudmyla , Simonova Iryna
Published: December 2021

To improve the health of the population, it is necessary to develop products that contain natural ingredients with antioxidant properties. The development of the technology of meat and fish molded semi-finished products of the Ayurvedic direction is relevant today. The main raw material was poultry meat. After conducting a literary review of scientific publications and comparing the chemical composition of different types of fish, we selected sea fish ‒ hake, pollock and oceanic ‒ saithe, haddock with amount of protein. The technology of molded meat and fish products allows to introduce into the composition of semi-finished products multifunctional ingredients that enrich the chemical composition of the product, increase the nutritional value, improve its taste, and expand the range of processing of raw materials without production waste. This technology makes it possible to create meat and fish semi-finished products, with a targeted change in the chemical composition, corresponding to the physiological needs of the human body, especially for children, the elderly. To identify the most optimal ratios between meat and fish raw materials, have been developed 21 samples of minced meat and fish systems. A study of the organoleptic evaluation of meat and fish semi-finished products was carried out, with the introduction of fish raw materials into the recipe from 10 to 50%. The detailed profilograms were built on the basis of the research results. The general comparative analysis allows us to state that among all the presented research samples, the best marks were obtained for sample No. 5 and No. 4 using ocean fish (haddock in the amount of 50%; saithe fish in the amount of 40%) in terms of taste, smell and consistency. As a result of studies of the physicochemical indicators of the developed minced meat and fish systems, it was found that almost all prototypes were characterized by an increased moisture content with an increase in the amount of fish raw materials. For further research, samples were selected whose recipes were the most optimal in terms of the ratio of meat and fish raw materials, namely chicken fillet and haddock fish in a ratio of 50: 50%, and chicken fillet and saithe fish ‒ 60: 40%.
Analysis of the frequency characteristics of the control system for the processes of fuel supply to the cylinders of the power unit
Authors: Borysenko Anatoliy , Yenikieiev Oleksandr , Zakharenkov Dmitry , Zykov Ihor
Published: December 2021

The idea of monitoring the identity of the cylinder capacities of an internal combustion engine under conditions of incomplete information is proposed and a computer system is built on its basis. The signal of the instantaneous rotation speed of the crankshaft of the power unit was used as input information. In the development of the hardware architecture, injectors with piezoelectric actuators, the principle of direct digital control, and the principle of control with feedback on the state of fluctuations of the crankshaft rotation speed were used. The Laplace transform was used as a mathematical apparatus for analyzing the structural diagram of a computer system for programmed control of the processes of supplying fuel and air to the cylinders of the power unit. Mathematical models of the components of the hardware for controlling the processes of supplying the fuel-air mixture were constructed, and as a result of the analysis of the structural diagram of the computer system, the transfer function was obtained. Using the capabilities of the Matlab software environment, the transient and impulse transient characteristics of the system are obtained, the Nyquist hodograph is constructed, and the logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristics of the hardware are established. It was found that the frequency characteristics of the mathematical model of a computer system have the necessary dynamic characteristics. Using the method of expansion into simple fractions, an expression is obtained for a discrete transfer function, the coefficients of the power polynomials of which are established using the method of determinants and computational capabilities of the Mathcad software environment. On the basis of a discrete transfer function, a scheme for computer modeling of the process of processing the signal of the instantaneous speed of rotation of the crankshaft by hardware is constructed. The output signal was obtained by computer simulation, as a result of the analysis of which the speed of the hardware for processing the input information was established.
Properties of interval type-2 fuzzy sets in decision support systems
Authors: Zakovorotniy Alexander , Kharchenko Artem
Published: December 2021

Definitions and methods of designing interval type-2 fuzzy sets in fuzzy inference systems for control problems of complex technical objects in conditions of uncertainty are considered. The main types of uncertainties, that arise when designing fuzzy inference systems and depend on the number of expert assessments, are described. Methods for assessing intra-uncertainty and inter-uncertainty are proposed, taking into account the different number of expert assessments at the stage of determining the types and number of membership functions. Factors influencing the parameters and properties of interval type-2 fuzzy during experimental studies are determined. Such factors include the number of experiments performed, external factors, technical parameters of the control object, and the reliability of the components of the computer system decision support system. The properties of the lower and upper membership functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets are investigated on the example of the Gaussian membership function, which is one of the most used in the problems of fuzzy inference systems design. The main features and differences in the methods of determining the lower and upper membership functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets for different types of uncertainties are taken into account. Methods for determining the footprint of uncertainty, as well as the dependence of its size on the number of expert assessments, are considered. The footprint of uncertainty is characterized by the lower and upper membership functions, and its size directly affects the accuracy of the obtained solutions. Methods for determining interval type-2 fuzzy sets using regulation factors of membership function parameters for intra-uncertainty and weighting factors of membership functions for inter-uncertainties have been developed. The regulation factor of the function parameters can be used to describe the lower and upper membership functions while determining the size of the footprint of uncertainty. Complex interval type-2 sets are determined to take into account inter-uncertainties in the problems of fuzzy inference systems design.
Sustainable eating behavior
Authors: Ivashura Andrii , Borysenko Oksana , Tolmachova Maryna
Published: December 2021

With the growing impact of agriculture and modern food processing on the natural environment and growing concerns about all aspects of their sustainability, urgent solutions are required to promote healthy, low-impact diets. Sustainable diets are those with low environmental impact and high availability that ensure food and nutritional security. A comprehensive overview of different approaches to the analysis of sustainable eating behavior is provided. It is argued that preserving the environment is critical, including in designing programs to improve health, address inequalities in affordability, food access and availability in food system models. However, dietary advice and food policy should not be based solely on the environmental aspect of sustainability and should be carefully formulated. Economy, culture and other sociological factors should be taken into account in appropriate policies when planning ways to provide adequate nutrition to the population. It is emphasized that building sustainable food systems that support healthy communities requires a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach. A sustainable healthy diet is based on improving the energy balance and changing the diet towards a predominantly plant-based diet, which is in line with the data on healthy eating. Updating national guidelines to reflect the latest data on healthy diets may in itself be important for improving health and reducing environmental impact, and may not only clearly define but expand the criteria for sustainability. Key principles of environmental sustainability and well-being are applied in shaping a national sustainable food strategy and are directly related to food production and consumption. To implement an integrated health and environment modeling framework, it is necessary to take different approaches to sustainable nutrition, motivating environmental, food security and public health goals. To develop a methodology for assessing indicators of sustainable nutrition, it is important to simultaneously take into account all aspects: nutritional value of products, indicators of environmental impact, availability of products, climatic, geographic and national characteristics. This methodology will allow to make competent decisions in the field of food production and consumption, will help to minimize the negative impact on the natural environment through sustainable eating behavior.
Standardization of sterilization regimes for textile materials under pandemic conditions (COVID-19) by the method of ionizing radiation
Authors: Cherniak Olena , Sorocolat Nataliia , Kanytska Iryna , Bahaiev Ihor , Fatieieva Lina
Published: December 2021

Methods for sterilizing textile materials in a pandemic (COVID-19) and the disadvantages of these methods are presented. A number of modern scientific works related to the sterilization of textile materials in a pandemic are considered, aimed at developing a technology for sterilizing protective medical masks and medical suits by radiation methods using gamma radiation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of gamma radiation is a very dangerous technological process since natural sources are used - gamma rays, radiation technologies with gamma radiation are difficult when disposing of spent energy sources and are not easy to maintain. For sterilization of textile materials, the method of ionizing radiation is proposed. The essence of the method is that the textile material is sterilized by accelerated electrons. The expediency of carrying out theoretical and experimental research has been determined. It was found that the main criterion for sterilization of textile materials is the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose is determined experimentally, but such a procedure is time-consuming and resource-intensive, and it is not always possible to carry it out. Therefore, to calculate the absorbed dose, it is proposed to apply the mathematical formula of the absorbed dose of medical textile materials, depending on the frequency of passage of pulses of the accelerated electron beam, conveyor speed and geometric parameters of textile materials, the mathematical formula will allow finding the optimal technological modes of the sterilization process. Using the mathematical model of the absorbed dose of radiation by the material with the proposed technology, taking into account the properties of materials, it is possible to calculate the modes of irradiation of various textile materials that differ in size, shape, and physical properties, which will make it possible to develop a system of normative modes for the technology of radiation-physical sterilization and to ensure the legislative and regulatory requirements of hygiene in conditions of a pandemic.
Comparative Analysis of QoE Multipath TCP Congestion Control LIA, CUBIC, and WVEGAS on Video Streaming
Authors: Karimah Siti Amatullah , Fiqqih Maulana Susanto  , Aji G. Putrada
Published: December 2021

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a type of protocol that allows a collection of computers to communicate and exchange data within a network. Nowadays electronic devices such as tablets, personal computers and smartphones can use more than one network at the same time, but this is not supported by the characteristics of TCP which can only use one path on the network. To solve this condition there are several new generations of standardized network protocols. Multipath TCP is a development of TCP, Multipath which is a new generation network protocol that allows traffic to use multiple paths in the network. In addition to being able to use multiple paths on multipath TCP, there are several congestion control algorithms including LIA, CUBIC and WVEGAS congestion control algorithms. Tests conducted in this study were to compare the performance of congestion control LIA, CUBIC and WVEGAS to improve the quality of video streaming. From the test results, CUBIC is better than WVEGAS and LIA because the QoS and QoE video streaming test for CUBIC in all testing environment has better results than others.
Triptolide’s anti-inflammatory effects on ARDS by down-regulating miR-9-5p and up-regulating LRG1 and CLDN5
Authors: Han Junyong , Que Huiqing , Li Wei , Xue Shijie , Lin Sui , Chen Gang
Published: December 2021

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease and its treatment is not fully established. Triptolide, one of Tripterygium wilfordii’s main active components, has been proved to alleviate Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Imbalance of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized as the pathogenic mechanism of various diseases, including ARDS. However, the specific miRNAs that play a key regulatory role in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide in ARDS remain elusive.Methods: In this study, we administered triptolide in a mouse model of ARDS, and whole transcriptome sequencing was applied to identify meaningful miRNAs and validate them in vitro. Results: The results showed that triptolide may reduce the inflammatory response in ARDS by regulating miR-9-5p. The data further proved that LRG1 and CLDN5 expression are regulated by miR-9-5p, and triptolide can down-regulate the expression of miR-9-5p by regulating negatively the expression of LRG1 and CLDN5.Conclusion: Our study revealed that miR-9-5p was the specific miRNAs that plays key role in triptolide’s alleviation of ARDS inflammation by regulating target genes, and its inhibitory effect on LRG1 and CLDN5 expression was verified.
Reducing Ventilator Alarms Through Decreased Rainout in Ventilator Circuits: A Bench Study
Authors: Bayoro Danielle , Meyer Matthew , Healy Daniel , Groepenhoff Herman , Waldmann Andreas , Rose Edward A. , Pedro Michael J.
Published: December 2021

Background:Alarm fatigue is a significant problem in healthcare, particularly in high acuity settings such as intensive care, surgery, and emergency departments. Alarms are triggered by various devices such as anesthesia machines, ventilators, patient monitors or humidifiers. Heated humidifiers (HH) used with mechanical ventilators, while necessary to prevent other complications associated with mechanical ventilator, may cause condensation in the ventilator circuit, prompting occlusion alarms indicating a risk for the patient. Technological advances in heated humidifier (HH) circuits may reduce rainout and therefore occlusion alarms. Methods:Bench experiments measured alarms and rainout of two commercially available humidifiers (AirLife DuoTherm™ and Fisher & Paykel MR850) and four different pediatric and adult patient’s breathing. The tests examined condensation accumulation after 24 hours of low-, nominal-, or high-flow rates of gas at low-, nominal-, and high-ambient temperature settings. Dual-limb designs of adult- and neonate-sized circuits underwent evaluation. Data on alarms was collected for each system.Results:Low temperature and occlusion alarms were statistically significantly lower in DuoTherm vs. MR850 HH circuits (6 vs. 68 alarms, respectively; p<nn). DuoTherm products accumulated significantly less rainout for all three circuit sizes at all ambient temperatures. In general, the set flow rate did not dramatically affect the amount of rainout for adult and infant circuits, but low versus high ambient temperatures yielded increased rainout for all circuit types (p < 0.02). Conclusions:The DuoTherm HH device and patient circuits developed significantly less alarms due to rainout and low temperatures compared to those from MR850 under all the conditions tested. Such reduction in patient alarms should help reduce alarm fatigue among healthcare workers in critical care settings.
Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Over A Processing Cassava Crop with The Surface Renewal and Energy Balance Method
Authors: Silva Neilon , de Oliveira Aureo Silva , Filho Maurício Antonio Coelho
Published: December 2021

There are several methods for determining the sensible heat flux (H) on natural or agricultural surfaces. One such method is the surface renewal (SR) based on ramps of air temperature measured at high frequency by means of an ultra-thin thermocouple. The micrometeorological tower was installed (13°6'39"S, 39°16'46"W, 154 m anm) to assess the suitability of the method in estimating H on industrial cassava cultivation via calibration in relation to the eddy covariance (EC ), this consisted of a 3D anemometer. In both systems, measurements were made at a frequency of 10 Hz and comprised the period from 17/04 to 25/07/2019 (100 days). In addition to high-frequency measurements of air temperature and sonic temperature, measurements of net radiation and ground heat flux were also made, and all data grouped at 30-min intervals for determination of latent heat flux (LE) via balance solution power. It was found that (a) the SR method was adequate to estimate the sensible heat flux (H) over industrial matched with a calibration coefficient equal to 0.96; (b) under conditions of unstable atmospheric stability (daytime) the SR method showed better performance for estimating H compared to stable atmospheric conditions (nighttime); (c) the SR method proved to be adequate for estimating the latent heat flux (LE), in the industrial cassava cultivation with a high degree of correlation (r2 > 0.90), with the EC method as a reference; and (d) in the area cultivated with industrial cassava, it was found that the heat flux in the soil (G) corresponded on average to 6% of the radiation balance.
Genetic Diversity of Fig (Ficus Carica L.) Germplasm From The Mediterranean Basin As Revealed by SSR Markers
Authors: Sclavounos Athanasios , Roussos Petros , Milla Sotiria , Kostas Panagiotis , Samaras Yiannis , Pozzi Carlo , Molla Johiruddin , Chitikineni Annapurna , Varshney Rajeev K. , Voloudakis Andreas
Published: December 2021

Fig (Ficus carica L.) tree is cultivated worldwide and is highly appreciated for its fruit, which is consumed fresh or dried, having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value and for these reasons there is an increasing interest for its cultivation. In the present study, an ex situ collection of 60 fig accessions (41 indigenous Greek and 19 from other Mediterranean countries) was established and its diversity was analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Greek fig genotypes showed relatively low allelic variation (average number of SSR alleles per locus was 3.3), an excess of heterozygosity (mean He = 0.449 and Ho = 0.537), and extensive outbreeding (mean F index -0.184). Cluster analysis showed that the established fig population exhibited weak genetic structure with the majority of the genetic variation (69%) being present within individual members of the clusters. Both cluster and principal coordinate analysis confirmed that there is no correlation between genetic makeup and geographical origin of the fig accessions. Polymorphism information content (PIC) with an average of 0.398 was reasonably informative. An identification key scheme for fig cultivars that will be useful in cultivar discrimination and intellectual property protection was developed. This work will contribute to a sustainable fig production regionally and worldwide, through the establishment and conservation of a reference fig collection, providing germplasm for future breeding efforts.
Regression Analysis of Confocal FRAP And Its Application To Diffusion In Membranes
Authors: Kang Minchul
Published: December 2021

In most biological processes, diffusion plays a critical role in transferring various bio-molecules to transfer desirable locations in an effective and energy-efficient manner. How fast molecules are transferred is measured by diffusion coefficients. Since each bio-molecules, in particular, signaling molecules have their unique diffusion coefficients and quantifying the diffusion coefficients help us to understand various time scales of both physiological and pathological processes in biological systems. Moreover, since diffusion profiles of a diffusant vary in different micro-environments of cell membranes, accurate diffusion coefficient also can provide a good picture of membrane landscapes as well as interactions of different membrane constituents. Currently, only a few experimental methods are available to assess the diffusion coefficient of a biomolecule of interest in live cells including Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP). FRAP was developed to study diffusion processes of biomolecules in the cell membranes in the 1970s. Albeit its long history, the main principle of FRAP analysis has remained unchanged since its inception: fitting FRAP data to a theoretical diffusion model for the best fitting diffusion coefficient or using the relation between the half time of recovery and ROI size. In this study, we developed a flexible yet versatile confocal FRAP data analysis framework based on linear regression analysis which allows FRAP users to determine the diffusion from either single or multiple FRAP data points without data fitting. We also validated this approach for a series of fluorescently labeled soluble and membrane-bound proteins and lipids.
A Precision Grinding Technology for Zirconium Alloy Tubes Based on Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Automatic Measurement System
Authors: Zou Lai , Li Heng , WANG Wenxi , Huang Yun , Li Yutong
Published: December 2021

To ensure the safety and long-term performance of nuclear fuel cladding zirconium tubes, the wall thickness uniformity of each cross section is strictly needed. Therefore, this paper presents comprehensive investigations on development of an automatic ultrasonic wall thickness measurement system for detecting the nuclear zirconium tubes. Based on the determination of overall scheme, optimization of key mechanical structures and design of control system, a series of performance testing analyses of this developed auto-measuring system were performed from aspects of measuring accuracy, measuring efficiency, stability and practicability. The results revealed that it could accurately obtain the wall thickness distribution and effectively guide the subsequent grinding process by automatically generated deviation correcting procedures to achieve the requirement of the wall thickness uniformity. The new combination method of ultrasonic auto-measuring and numerical control grinding proposed in this work would have a great significance for the development and application of nuclear reaction zirconium alloy container.
Half-metallic Ferromagnetism in Non-magnetic Double Perovskite Oxides Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga) Doped with C and N.
Authors: Bouhalouane AMRANI , BENDJEBBOUR Djilali , SEDDIK Tayeb , MOHAMED Mohamed Walid , khdoja driss
Published: December 2021

Double perovskite oxides have gained tremendous attention in material science and device technology due to their facile synthesis and exceptional physical properties. In this paper, we elucidate the origin of magnetization in non magnetic double perovskite oxides Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga) induced by non-magnetic 2p-impurities (C and N) substituted. The calculations were done within the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). The exchange-correlation potential is evaluated using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and the modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ-GGA). Regarding structural properties of undoped double perovskites Sr2MSbO6 (M=Al, Ga), we found that the lattice constants and oxygen positions are in rational accord with the experimental results. Furthermore, both of the examined compounds are brittle in nature with isotropic character. For Sr2AlSbO6 we have got the values of energy gap equal to 1.9 eV and 3.7 eV within the GGA and the mBJ-GGA, respectively. However for Sr2GaSbO6 the values of energy gap obtained in GGA and mBJ-GGA are equal to 0.8 eV and 2.9 eV, respectively. Finally, spin-polarized calculations reveal that the doping C and N can lead to drastic changes in the magneto-electronic properties of the semiconducting Sr2MSbO6 matrix with the integer magnetic moment of 6.00 µB and exhibit half-metallic properties. The origin of ferromagnetism can be attributed to the spin–split impurity bands inside the energy gap of the semiconducting Sr2MSbO6 matrix. These results may help experimentalists in synthesizing new double perovskites for spintronic applications.
New Mechanistic Approach in the Enamine-Based Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Gurka András A.
Published: December 2021

During the course of my research in asymmetric organocatalysis the inversion of enantioselectivity was observed in the asymmetric aldol reactions of acetone with different aldehydes catalyzed by amphiphilic proline derivatives in aqueous media varying only achiral components. It was not possible to explain the explored dual stereocontrol with the existing models, therefore I proposed a new mechanism for asymmetric aldol reactions catalyzed by l-amino acid derivatives in aqueous media and explained the explored phenomenon of inversion of enantioselectivity with different structures of micelle-stabilized transition state described as a metal-free version of the Zimmermann-Traxler model with explicit participation of a water molecule. Contrary to the existing models, according to the proposed mechanism the formation of new bonds proceeds directly in the transition state stabilized by a water molecule without the additional step of product iminium ion hydrolysis. The proposed mechanism has universal character, it is consistent with experimental results and general theoretical conceptions and it is applicable to all enamine-based asymmetric organocatalytic reactions carried out not only in aqueous, but in organic media as well, because the initial step of catalytic cycle, which involves the formation of an enamine from the carbonyl compound and proline (derivative), liberates one water molecule.
Diversity And Distribution Of CO2-Fixing Microbial Community Along Elevation Gradients In Meadow Soils On The Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Feng Haiyan , Wang Zhe , Jia Pengli , Gai Jingping , Chen Baodong , Wang Shikuan
Published: December 2021

Soil CO2-fixing microbes play a significant role in CO2-fixation in the terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau. To understand carbon sequestration by soil CO2-fixing microbes and the carbon cycling in alpine meadow soils, microbial diversity and their driving environmental factors were explored along an elevation gradient from 3900m to 5100m, on both east and west slopes of Mila Mountain region on the Tibetan Plateau. The CO2-fixing microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing targeting the cbbL gene，encoding the large subunit for the CO2-fixing protein ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The overall OTU abundance is concentrated at an altitude between 4300m~4900m. The species richness and distribution uniformity on the east slope is better than those on the west slope. In terms of microbial community composition, Proteobacteria is dominant, and the most abundant genera are Cupriavidus, Rhodobacter, Sulfurifustis and Thiobacillus. The CO2-fixing microbial community structure dramatically shifted along the elevation. It was jointly driven by vegetation coverage, soil moisture content, and soil organic carbon and soil particle size, and most environmental factors are positively correlated. Our results are helpful to understand the variation in soil microbial community and its role in soil carbon cycling along elevation gradients.