bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Study of Common Facets in Firdaus Kanga's Trying to Grow and Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Rana Randeep
Published: September 2023

This research paper tries to record the shared facets between Rohinton Mistry's Such a Long Journey and Firdaus Kanga's Trying to Grow. Both are promising young Parsi writers whose novels are wrapped in thick coverings of Parsi ethnic identity. Today, the Parsi community is facing extinction, and it is crouching in its own sacrosanct and inviolable corners to existing as best as possible with a halo of a break but not bent sort of dignity and hauteur. It is feared that they are on their way to extinction. Unless and until something urgent is done to augment their fast-depleting numbers and revive their religion, they will undoubtedly face oblivion. All visionary Parsis have voiced this perception. This research paper reciprocates the concerns and comments on them in the light of the two novels.
The Translation Obstacles of Passive Voice in Obama’s Presidential Speeches
Authors: Dawood Ahmed Natik , Mohammed Maha Bakir
Published: September 2023

This paper aimed at finding weather if the English passive voice construction used in Obama’s political speeches, will be preserved or not when translated into Arabic. This paper hypothesize that the passive voice construction is not preserved during the process of translation from English to Arabic. In conclusion according to the analysis of the samples most of the translators use active voice instead of the passive voice in translating the statements that is due to the fact that the complexity of Arabic language differs from that of the English language, both languages differ in culture and norms and follows different grammar. This study provides an overview on translating passive voice forms from English to Arabic using Obama's presidential speeches. This paper serves as a valuable resource for analyzing passive voice constructions, developing translation strategies, and evaluating translation outcomes. It is expected to contribute to the field of translation studies and enhance understanding of the complexities involved in translating between these two languages. It attempts to present a valuable addition to a topic in need of more relevant information.
Science, Technology and Innovation Equity and Inclusion in Electric Vehicle Sector
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Sinha Kunal
Published: September 2023

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) industry offers a unique chance to ensure that technological progress benefits all of society. This research paper centers on developing indicators to assess and encourage equity and inclusion in EV science, technology, and innovation. By establishing a comprehensive framework, this study aims to track progress, pinpoint areas for enhancement, and contribute to a more just and innovative future. The paper emphasizes clear goals, including increased workforce diversity, equitable EV technology access for marginalized communities, and fostering an inclusive innovation ecosystem. Collaboration with diverse stakeholders researchers, policymakers, industry experts, community representatives, and advocacy groups is crucial for an unbiased perspective. Key areas within the EV sector are focal points for equity and inclusion efforts, such as workforce diversity, research funding distribution, technology accessibility, and community engagement. To measure progress, indicators are developed, incorporating qualitative aspects. Targets and benchmarks are set for each indicator to promote a challenging yet achievable path toward equity. Regular monitoring and reporting provide insights into intervention effectiveness, guided by stakeholder feedback and iteration. Acknowledging and celebrating equity and inclusion achievements motivate sustained progress. Knowledge sharing and community collaboration promote collective growth and better understanding of best practices. This research paper offers a comprehensive guide to developing indicators that assess and promote equity and inclusion in the EV science, technology, and innovation sectors. Applying these indicators and strategies enables stakeholders to contribute to a more just and innovative future, ensuring that technological benefits are accessible to all members of society.
A Study on the Analysis of Human Resource Management Status and Improvement Plans of the Public Enterprise: Focusing on the Case of Kangwon Land
Authors:   Dongguk Business Research Institute, Jun Seo Yeon , Jeon Yuna , Kwon Yeong Hyeon , Oh Jeong Rok
Published: September 2023

The purposes of this case study are (a) to systematically review the current state of human resource management of Kangwon Land, which has been a subject of social interest among public enterprises for which previous studies have been relatively lacking, and (b) to find problems and seek improvement plans based on them. Data related to the human resource management status of Kangwon Land, the subject of the case study, was collected online using the institution’s homepage and public institution ALIO system. This study used the public sector strategic human resource administration (management) system map as a framework for the analysis. Focusing on the main components of human resource acquisition, movement, motivation, and performance evaluation, human resource management status and problems of Kangwon Land were reviewed step by step. Based on the research results, implications for the direction of human resource management of Kangwon Land were suggested, especially in terms of ethical human resource management. The direction of follow-up research to supplement the limitations of the study was discussed as well.
Effect of Fruit Peel Biochar on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) and Country Bean (Lablab purpureus) in Acidic Soil of Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors:   Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh, Sikdar Ashim , Deb Sourov , Zaman Nowshad , Chakma Noiret , Sharif Md. Omar ,   Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Published: September 2023

The potential of biochar as a soil conditioner has been approved by scientists worldwide due to its large surface area, high water retention capacity, slow nutrient releasing nature and liming ability; and it might also help to get desirable crop yield in problem soil like acidic soil. Hence, an experimental field trial was operated at the research field of the Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet to evaluate the performance of banana peel biochar (BB) and orange peel biochar (OB) in the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) and country bean (Lablab purpureus) under acidic soil conditions. In case of tomato, plant height (PH), number of leaves plant-1 (NLP), leaf length (LL), and stem diameter (SD) in treatments having different levels of biochar were significantly higher than the control. The maximum PH (72.20 cm), NLP (21), LL (35.66 cm), SD (9.05 cm), and total leaf chlorophyll content (TLCC) (50.56 µmol m-2) of tomato were found in T7 (3% OB w/w + CF) followed by T4 (3% BB w/w + CF) whereas in country bean, the PH (373 cm), NLP (34), branch number (BN) (3), and TLCC (36.65 µmol m-2) were also recorded in T7 followed by T4. The root length (RL) (43.5 cm) and fresh root weight (FRW) (14 g) of country bean were the maximum at T7, followed by T5 (1% OB w/w + CF). According to the results, positive effects of BB and OB application were observed on all the yield parameters of country bean and tomato. The number of pod plant-1 (NPP) (384), individual pod weight (IPW) (5.78 g), total pod weight plant-1 (TPWP) (2220 g), and pod length (PL) (10.57 cm) of country bean were also found to be highest in T7, followed by the T4. Similarly, the highest NFP (37), IFW (55 g), and TFWP (1980 g) of tomato were noted in T7, followed by T4. After the cultivation of country bean and tomato, a significant increase in the soil pH was noticed at T3 (2% BB w/w + CF), T4, T6 (2% OB w/w + CF) and T7 in respect of the control. Therefore, the findings of the study suggest that both BB and OB could have a positive impact on growth and yield components of tomato and country bean by altering soil pH of acidic soil.
Cami Cemaatinin Dindarlık Düzeyi: Bir Camiye Düzenli Devam Eden Bireyler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ekşi Yakup
Published: September 2023

Religious; It means a person who abides by the orders and prohibitions of the religion he believes in, adheres to his religion with a strong bond, and fulfills the orders of his religion. In other words, a religious person is a person who fulfills the orders and prohibitions of his religion. This study aims to measure the level of religiosity who continued to pray five times a day with “The Scale of Islamic Religiosity in the Context of the Qur’an Karim” that developed by Emine Çayabatmaz. The scope of this research; is limited to the level of religiosity of the congregation, who continues to pray five times a day in a Mosque, which is affiliated to Kocaeli-Derince District Mufti. The sample of the research; 82 people attend a mosque five times. In this study, quantitative research method was used, and data were collected by questionnaire technique. As a result of the findings, when the data of “Islamic Religiosity Scale in the Context of the Qur’an” were examined; It was determined that the level of religiosity in the dimension of belief and worship of the sample was sufficient, but the level of religiosity in the dimension of morality was not at a sufficient level.
Literatür Taraması Odaklı Disiplinlerde NVivo Kullanımı
Authors: Bakla Arif
Published: September 2023

NVivo is a leading multifunctional software program for computer-assisted qualitative data analysis. However, this software is equally good for studies involving literature reviews in almost all fields of scholarly research. Documents, images, videos, and datasets can be imported into NVivo and analysed. It offers researchers who carry out most of their studies on literature elements different tools for analyzing and making sense of the literature in an area. Some of these tools are coding, autocoding, note taking tools, linking tools, and queries. For example, if a researcher plans to do research in a new field that he has no knowledge of before, thanks to the theme-based auto-coding tool, he/she can automatically find the frequently used concepts in hundreds of pages of resources and obtain preliminary information about the subject by reviewing the autocoding results. Thanks to automatic and manual coding, text data can be organized effectively and easily accessed at every stage of a research project. Similarly, framework matrices save time and enable a deeper analysis in studies that evaluate information from different sources or compare research results. In short, advanced query options in text-oriented studies both save time and ensure in-depth analysis, as it is the case many other tools in NVivo. This presentation focuses on these tools, involves the demonstration of some basic tools, and offers some practical hints.
Mu‘tezile’nin Nübüvvet Savunması
Authors: İpek Mikail
Published: September 2023

Revelation and prophethood have an important place in the religion of Islam. Since Muslims attach importance to God’s orders and prohibitions, they also attribute holiness to the prophets who conveyed these orders and prohibitions to people. However, throughout history, there have been those who criticize prophethood from various perspectives. The origin of thought, which rejects prophecy, is generally based on Aristotle. However, there are also movements in which this thought emerges systematically. Barahima and Sumeniyya, which are considered to be of Indian origin according to the general opinion, are the leading ones. In addition to movements such as Barahima and Sumaniyya, Abū Isa al-Varrak (d. 247/861), his student Ibn al-Rawandī (d. 301/913) and Abū Bakr al-Razī (d. 313/913), known as a physician-philosopher, with their thoughts rejecting prophethood, have managed to remain on popular in certain periods of history. They objected not only prophethood but also the prophethood of the Hz. Mohammed, the thought of “Khatm Al-Nubuwwa” and the Qur’an. In the recent period, it is seen that movements such as deism and positivism continue the thoughts of the aforementioned denialist groups. Wise men such as Jāhiz (d. 255/869) and al-Qādī Abd al-Jabbār (d. 415/1025) from the Mu’tazila defended the prophethood by responding to such objections and criticisms during their lifetime. In this study, first of all, prophethood, the currents and people who objected to the prophethood of the Hazrat Muhammed, the thought of “Khatm Al-Nubuwwa” and the i’jaz of the Qur’ān were introduced, and their claims were put forward. Then, the answers given by the Mu’tazila to these objections were evaluated and evaluated. As a result, it has been seen that the claims put forward by Barahima, Sumaniyya, Abū Isa al-Varraq, Ibn al-Rawandī, and Abū Bakr al-Razī are similar to the ideas of current movements such as deism and positivism on prophecy. In this sense, it can be said that the defense of prophecy made by the Mu’tazila is valuable, especially in a character that reduces the doubts that come to mind with the thought of deism and sheds light on the present. In this respect, the aforementioned study, it is aimed to eliminate the ideas of deism, which reject the prophethood, revelation, and the holy in the context of god-human relationship through Mu’tazila. In our opinion, in order to be able to give reasonable answers to today’s denialist movements and to eliminate their objections, it is necessary to know well the Mu’tazila theology and their responses to the atheists who existed in their own time, as well as the Ahl as-Sunnah theology. Looking at the issue from a historical sense, it is seen that the aforementioned denial thought was also put forward in the previous periods of history but was eliminated by the theologians of those periods. Therefore, it can be said that the idea of ​​deism is not a new movement but has always been against the phenomenon of religion by changing clothes in certain periods of history.
Mâtürîdî’nin Meleklerin Varlığına Dair Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Kardaş Atike
Published: September 2023

Existences in Kalām’s literature are divided into two; the Eternal without beginning of existence and subsequently occurring the existent in time. The Eternal is Allah himself, who does not have the characteristics of creation, being later, or being born. The existent in time is everything except Allah. The existent in time existences are examined in two parts as latīf (transparent) and kasīf (solid). The kasīf existences that make up the universe we live in are divided into two clusters: live and lifeless; lifelesses are also divided into two subsets in the form of liquid-solid. It is out of the question to discuss their existence because the physical senses can just perceive these. Latīf existences that make up the invisible universe are divided as ulwī (lofty) and suflī (servile). Angels are under the ulvī division. There are disputes about existence of angels because angels don’t appear as kāsīf existences. Angels are beings of the invisible universe; they cannot be perceived by our senses. Therefore, positive sciences, which come to a conclusion with experiment and experience, are not concerned with the existence and absence of angels. We reach information about them from the Qur’ān and the hadiths. To believe in the existence of angels in the Qur’ān is considered among the principles of faith. In addition, without being under any influence, sound mind judges the existence of angels. Believing in the existence of Angels is fixed by texts, but while some alims are trying to prove their existence with rational proofs, some think that the text evidence proves their existence. In this rescript, Abū Mansūr al-Māturīdī’s (d. 333/944) books named Kitāb al-Tawhīd’s and Ta’wīlāt al-Qur’ān were taken into the center, and his view on the existence of angels was discussed. Our study aims to determine where Māturīdī places the angels in the hierarchy of existence, how he describes their existence, what views he has about their nature, and with what evidence he proves their existence. Māturīdī argues that there are many jawhars that we cannot see like angels, but whose existence we believe, and he states that Allah has not given humans the power to see the things of the invisible universe in the life of this world. He points out that the failure to see angels is not enough to judge their absence, and he reveals his opinion with rational inference. While proving the existence of angels, it also clarifies the subject by giving examples from the versicles. How Māturīdī proved the existence of angels is the main subject of this study.
Sosyal Bilim Araştırmalarında Zotero’nun Kullanımı
Authors: Sabuncu Ömer
Published: September 2023

Citing and citing sources in academic/scientific studies is a require-ment of publication ethics and is important. In this way, it is possible to reach the source of information. Many problems arose when attribu-tion and citation were given manually years ago. These problems have been solved with the programs that emerged as a result of the deve-lopment of technology/software, and citation and citation have be-come automatic. Among them, Zotero is one of the software that is widely used around the world and has an important place in this field, and it is a useful individual resource management tool. With this prog-ram, 35 different source information used in the study such as books, articles, and encyclopedia articles can be saved either manually or au-tomatically from the internet. These tags, which are recorded only once, are used continuously. In addition, the files of the sources used can be archived in pdf format. Zotero supports over 10,000 different citation styles, which provides great convenience to the researcher. Another aspect of Zotero is that it allows the researcher to follow the sources he uses in each of his studies by classifying his studies. With Zotero, it is possible to add easy, regular, and accurate footnotes and bibliography while writing works such as theses, articles, and books in Word. When the researcher sends an article to a different journal, he has to change the citation style, and doing this manually takes a signi-ficant amount of time. With this software, it is automatically done in a very short time to translate the footnotes and sources of the study in-to any citation style. Thus, researchers have the opportunity to devo-te the time they spend to creating footnotes and bibliography to the quality of the research. In this paper, the use and important steps of Zotero, which ensures that footnotes and bibliography, which are very important in social science research, are given without errors and in a short time, will be emphasized, and different uses specific to the field of Theology will be pointed out.
Molla Halil Siirdî’nin Tasavvufi Yönü
Authors: Evrensel Abdurrezzak
Published: September 2023

Mullah Khalil al-Siirdī is an Ottoman scholar who lived between 1750-1843. He is a scholar known to the madrasa tradition, and his works are often read in madrasas. Throughout his life, he educated students in madrasas, thereby serving the education. He is a well-known scholarly figure in the madrasas located in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions. He has worked on different sciences and puts forward ideas about fundamental religious issues. al-Siirdī stands out as a scholar studying the sciences of recitation and tajweed. Some of his books have been used as textbooks in the regional madrasas for a long time. They occupy a place on the shelves as bedside books of madrasah teachers. This study discusses al-Siirdī’s Sufi views and his contributions to the field of Sufism. The research aims to reveal his mystical views by evaluating his existing works and understanding his mystical thoughts. In addressing al-Siirdī’s concept and understanding of Sufism, this study adopted social sciences methods in general and Sufism in particular. With the study, the meanings that al-Siirdī attributed to the concepts of murshid, sayr al-sulūk, ruyat Allah, al-insān al-kāmil, and taqwa were determined and transferred to today’s Turkish.
Kemâleddin İbnü’l-Hümâm’a Göre Peygamberliğin Gerekliliği
Authors: Doğan Suat
Published: September 2023

Humanity’s need for prophets and the necessity of sending prophets have been one of the popular topics for discussion. The debate on the necessity of prophethood includes the issues of whether the individual or society needs revelation and prophets, and if so, in what areas. Are prophets necessary to find Allah? Is it obligatory for Allah to send prophets? Can the mind per se reach the religious and moral principles introduced by the prophets? Are the messages brought by the prophets necessary for the knowledge of the good and evil? To what extent are societies that did not receive the invitation from a prophet responsible for doing worship? Such questions are addressed with reference to the need for prophethood. This paper discusses the views of al-Kamal Ibn al-Humam, an Islamic scholar who lived between 790 (1388)-861 (1457). It tries to pinpoint his opinions based on his work al-Musayara fi al-’Aqaid al-Munjiya fi al-Akhira. This study also benefited from al-Musamara, the commentary of the aforementioned work, written by Kamal al-Din Ibn Abi Sharif al-Maqdisi, one of the students of Ibn al-Humam. Ibn al-Humam’s views are noteworthy in that he includes the subject of prophethood in his work and that he is a jurist and mutakallim who belongs to the Hanafī-Māturīdī school. This study examines the issues that humanity needs prophets, but that Allah does not have to send prophets, that it is not possible to determine the principles brought by the prophet with pure reason, and that a prophet is essential for knowing the good and evil. Moreover, this study tries to stress the meaning of the answers given by Ibn al-Humam to the question of why prophethood is necessary. In short, using a holistic lens, this study tries to reflect Ibn al-Humam’s views on the necessity of prophethood.
Gnostik Geleneğin Erken Dönem Şiilikteki Tezahürleri: Şiî Gulat Örneği
Authors: Koçak Yusuf
Published: September 2023

This study mainly investigates the gnostic tradition and its first manifestations in Shiism and their historical roots. The study covers the first and second centuries of Hijra. In the research, the earliest works on the subject are used as primary sources, as well as second-hand sources. The works examined are in Arabic, English, German and Turkish. It is seen that the Gnostic tradition is neglected in the studies on the Shiite-Ghulat. The importance of this study reveals itself at this point. With this study, an unknown dimension of Ghulat has been clarified by examining the Gnostic aspect of Shiite-Ghulat that has not been studied before. In this study, the epistemology of Shiite-Ghulat thought and its sources have been tried to reveal. While doing this, it is aimed to identify the ancient roots of the Gnostic tradition and to reveal how it affected the Shiite understanding. In this framework, an unknown and unstudied dimension of Shiism is clarified. In the research process, firstly, it is investigated how the subject is reported in the main sources of History of Islamic Sects and in the works written in the following period. Additionally, it is not satisfied only with the horizontal comparison between the early Shiite sources and other sources written in the same period, but also a vertical comparison in which the information in the recent works is compared is included. The obtained data are analyzed in line with the aims of the study. Since this study is a narration-centered research, methods for the evaluation of narrations are also used. In this context, reference is made to the books of Rijāl, Tabaqāt and Maqālāt. In this study, a descriptive, analytical and comparative approach is used in general. Gnosticism, which has a peculiar understanding of God, the idea of ​​the creation of the universe and man, and the idea of Gnostic knowledge that is claimed to lead to salvation, influenced Indo-Persian thought, Neoplatonism, Hermeticism, Judaism, Christianity, Sabianism, Manichaeism and many religious and philosophical movements throughout history. The religions and currents influenced by Gnosticism mainly existed in and around today’s Middle East, where three continents intersect. These religions and currents, which have existed in this geography for centuries, have been influenced by each other in the historical process, and have been in mutual interaction with the Muslims after the Muslims conquered that geography. In this sense, the transference of Gnostic thought to Muslims was not through a single channel like Neoplatonism or Hermetic thought, but rather through syncretic structures such as Nestorianism and Jacobites, sub-branches of Syriac Christianity, which harmonized Christianity, Neoplatonism, Hermetic and Gnostic thoughts. Gnostic thought firstly influenced the Shiite Ghulat Kaysāniyya and its sub-branches Bayāniyya, Mughīriyya, Masnūriyya, and Khattābiyya in Islamic thought.
Havf ve Recâ Kavramlarının İhyâʾü ʿulûmi’d-dîn Eseri Özelinde Analizi
Authors: Bayar Sema
Published: September 2023

Throughout their lives, individuals perform many actions. Fear can be influential in some of these actions, while a sense of hope permeates others. Individuals aim to lead a balanced life between these two emotional states. In the management of emotions, religion and Sufism assume a key role. In Islamic culture, Sufism is both a lifestyle and scientific discipline that prioritizes raising qualified individuals who can manage their emotions accurately and thus earn the consent of Allah. There are two basic concepts discussed in Sufi works: khawf (fear) and raja’ (hope). While the feeling of not being a proper servant of Allah causes fear, the thought that Allah will forgive the sins and faults of His servants gives the feeling of raja’ (hope). This study addresses these two concepts based on status and stages in Sufism. Due to the importance, they give to these concepts, various Sufi schools have emerged. al-Ghazzālī (d. 505/1111), for instance, studied the concepts of khawf and raja’ under a separate heading in his work titled Ihyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn. In this study, al-Ghazzālī’s understanding of khawf and raja’ was analyzed, with particular reference to his work Ihyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn. He discusses khawf and raja’ in relation to the heart of the servant and states that these feelings should be found in a balanced way in the individual. In this respect, he compared khawf and raja’ to the two wings of a bird. Just as a bird cannot fly without one of its wings, humans must always be in these two states. He notes that the predominance of one of these feelings will disturb the balance of the servant and harm his/her life of servitude. Whoever is dominated by fear and devotes his/her life to worship in a way that harms life, he/she is directed towards extremism. Whoever despairs and abandons worship altogether, he/she too falls into disbelief and begins to distance himself/herself from religion. A balanced feeling of khawf supports the individual’s effort to live in line with Allah’s consent. With the feeling of raja’, the servant turns to Allah and worship that pleases Him. With this feeling, the servant repents to Allah and hopes that his repentance will be accepted. Al-Ghazzālī does not say which of these two concepts is superior; he notes that the superiority depends on the emotional state of the person. If despair and pessimism prevail in the heart of a person, seeking forgiveness from Allah is superior for him/her. On the other hand, for a person who thinks that Allah will not punish him in any way, the feeling of khawf (the fear that Allah will bring him to account) is superior. This study discussed al-Ghazzālī’s views of khawf and raja’; it briefly evaluates his ideas from a mystical point of view.
20. Yüzyılda Tasavvuftan Etkilenen Mühtediler Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Kaya Kübra
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses how Sufism affected ten converts who lived in the 20th century in line with the conditions, culture, religious assumptions, and spiritual void apparent at that time. These people are Ivan/John Gustaf Agueli (Abd al-Hadi) (1869-1917), Rene Guenon/Abd al-Wahid Yahya (1886/1952), Frithjof Schuon/Isa Nur al-Din (1907-1998), Michel Valsan/Shaykh Mustafa (1907-1974), Titus Burckhardt/Ibrahim Izz al-Din (1908-1984), Martin Lings/ Abū Bakr Sirāj al-Dīn (1909-2005), Eva De Vitray-Meyerovitch/Hawwa (1909-1999), Eric Geoffroy (1956-…), Muhyi al-Din Shakur, Ian Dallas/Abd al-Kadir al-Sufi (1934-…). Using clear examples, the study discusses how Sufism was accepted and how it spread. This study is critical as it focuses on the contributions of being honored by Islam to religion and society by filling the spiritual void of people in Western society in the twentieth century, providing a social environment, learning about all aspects of Islam, and being influenced by Sufism due to the influence of some Sufi books. Abd al-Hadi (d. 1917), Abd al-Wahid Yahya (d.1952), and Isa Nur al-Din (d. 1998) are the Sufi scholars who influenced the convert groups in this period. The present study examines the works of these people. The researcher tried to access the books written by the converts themselves and the theses and articles on the subject. The converts who are the subject of the present study chose Islam after doing extensive research. Embracing Islam, these people paved the way for many people in the West in becoming Muslims thanks to their works, conferences, and religious communions. Most of the converts were academics, and they recognized Islam after reaching a certain intellectual level. Conversion movements must be examined, and their causes and consequences are identified. This could help arouse interest in Islam, besides promoting and popularizing it. It was found that those who chose Islam in the cases of conversion examined were mainly affected either by extensive research or by a religious person or component that came into their lives.
Afganistan’da Türkçe Öğretimi ve Afganistan Türkleri
Authors: Pulat Gündüz
Published: September 2023

The modern power of the new world is cultural strength. This cultural power is necessary to create and maintain a cultural sphere of influence. The stronger states can keep the cultural impact circle, the less they are affected by environmental factors. Language Teaching is also an essential component of Cultural Diplomacy called soft power. The experience of teaching Turkish as a foreign language does not have a long history. In the last two decades, efforts to teach Turkish as a foreign language have increased with many institutions in many countries worldwide. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is also one of the countries where these studies have been shown. There is a very significant target audience in Afghanistan who are eager to learn Turkish. In this study, we tried to present the teaching of Turkish in a foreign language with our field observations on the example of Afghanistan. We tried to portray the ethnocultural structure of Afghanistan, the effects on the Afghan people, the desire to learn foreign languages, and the importance of Turkish in these foreign languages. In this study, we discussed briefly yesterday, today, and tomorrow the Turkish teaching in Afghanistan. We analyzed the outlook of Turkish education across the country, the status of Turkish education in universities, courses, private and public schools. We also researched the answer to why the Afghan people want to learn the language of Turkish. We tried to express our observations based on what factors of Turkish learning are done outside of educational environments. We tried to reflect the ethnic structure of Afghanistan and the Turkish nobles’ social, cultural, economic, political, and educational situation within this structure by adding our field observations.
Afganistan’da Etnisitenin Durumu ve Siyasete Etkisi
Authors: Çelik Cengiz
Published: September 2023

Afghanistan is referred to as the “heart of Central Asia”. This expression is also an indication of how important Afghanistan is in regional politics. Afghanistan is an Asian country where different ethnic groups come together. But the "Afghan" identity has not been the upper identity of the people of the country. The Taliban, which was in the country’s administration from 1996 to 2001, relied on Pashtun ethnicity and kept other ethnic structures under pressure during the period in power. A factor in the US invading Afghanistan and overthrowing the Taliban is the fact that the Taliban did not listen to the wishes and desires of the people during the administration. In the period that started on October 7, 2001, and lasted until August 15, 2021, the USA could not convince ethnic groups to form a nation-state. Each region has formed a structure outside the central government according to its ethnic origin and religious life. On the other hand, the central government did not take into account the wishes and desires of ethnic structures. The US-backed Afghan government continued the same mistakes that the Taliban had made until 2001. This study includes the impact of ethnic groups in current Afghanistan politics and our evaluations of the New Taliban.
Çağdaş Batı Literatüründe Kur’an Metnine Yaklaşımlar: Metin Bütünlüğü Arayışları
Authors: Kabakcı Ersin
Published: September 2023

One of the most prominent areas of study in Western-centered Qur’anic studies has been the textual structure of the Qur’an. Until the last quarter of the 20th century, there is a prevailing opinion that the Qur’an has an unsystematic textual structure. With the 1980s, new approaches are beginning to emerge on the basis of the assumption that the Qur’anic surahs have a certain literary unity. These studies are not limited to attempts to determine the unity of individual surahs, and they carried their research areas to surah pairs and surah groups. In order to assess the reasons for such an important evolution in Western studies, process analysis is needed starting from the 19th century, when orientalism was institutionalized, to the present day. In addition, a review supported by comparative analysis between before and after the mentioned break in perspective is required. For this, first of all, an analysis limited to historical-critical methods effective in Qur’anic studies and prominent scholars in Qur’anic researches since the 19th century is carried out. Subsequently, analyzes aiming at determining which theoretical and methodological effects exist in the background of studies on the unity of the Qur’anic text are discussed. Based on the theoretical knowledge obtained in this context, prominent approaches to determine the textual unity of the Qur’an are examined with reference to the reference texts of leading scholars. As a result, it is concluded that the studies in question have a method and content that is of academic quality and deserves further research. On the other hand, it is noted that there are some issues in need of criticism, such as reductionism, generalization, historical data shortage, eclecticism in related studies.
Avrupa’da Üniversite Kurumunun Ortaya Çıkışındaki Ekonomik Arka Plan
Authors: Çelik Murat
Published: September 2023

The subject of this paper is about the economic background of the first universities in Europe. While there are different opinions about the first appearance of universities in the 12nd century, the economic background has not been discussed. In this respect, ideas about the emergence of universities are suggested that either Greco-Roman or Muslims’s eductional traditions are influenced. However, although not directly, some studies also related to an indirect relationship between the establishment of universities and the ‘Commercial Revolution’, which started in the 12th century. Since there is not enough focus on the subject being signaled, this study discusses the strong link between the emergence of universities and the Commercial Revolution. Therefore, the study covers the 12th and 15th centuries in which universities were built extensively. It is undoubtedly a new approach to establishing a link between economic developments and economic activities for the establishment of universities. Thus, with the results of the study, it will be possible to produce predictions about the new attitudes that today’s university institution will take. Therefore, a new idea is being produced for the establishment of universities, and a new claim is made. Historical cases and published economic series are used to address the issue. In this respect, the work is thanks to secondary resources. The focus is on economic reviews, correlations with economic activities in cities where universities are established, and legal requirements are established. At the end of the paper, it is revealed that the economic and legal demands that emerged with the Commercial Revolution are the most important factors in the establishment of universities.
Hannah Arendt’in Kötülük Algısının Din Felsefesinde Konumlandırılışı
Authors: Bozbuğa Hande Nur
Published: September 2023

Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) is a 20th-century scholar. Her analyzes of the problem of evil are based on the suffering of the Jewish race in Germany during the World War II. Her thoughts on political issues, which were shaped by the influence of the period she lived, have prepared the ground for very efficient discussions in many fields. Some of her philosophical thoughts that she developed in the context of her studies on the political administration of the period she lived in, in a sense, have a feature that can bring essential expansions to the problems the problem of evil in the philosophy of religion. In this paper, the problem of evil and its source will be examined according to Arendt. In doing so, the concepts of radical evil and the banality of evil used by Arendt regarding the issue of evil and the aspects where such an understanding of evil differs from the classical theories of the problem of evil will be analyzed. In addition, the adequacy of the idea of radical evil caused by the totalitarian rule on the philosophy of religion will be questioned. In addition, the adequacy of the idea of radical evil caused by the totalitarian rule on the philosophy of religion will be questioned. Arendt used two fundamental concepts regarding the issue of evil: radical evil and the banality of evil. These two conceptualizations present two dimensions of her perception of evil: The first is about the agent, and the second is about the result. We can categorize the former within the scope of moral evil in the literature of the philosophy of religion since the evil he envisions is realized based on human will. As a matter of fact, the radical evil that Arendt advocated was carried out by many rulers under her command, especially Hitler. The second dimension has brought the concept of evil to a form that goes beyond its context and content. According to her, the evils in question were performed by their perpetrators as a normal and ordinary act. We can say that this perspective brought by Arendt to the problem of evil has changed the perception of evil in the classical sense.
Yirminci Yüzyıl Batı Afrikalı Edebiyatçıların Şiirlerinde Toplumsal Meseleler
Authors: Maiga Mohamadou Aboubacar
Published: September 2023

West African poetry has depicted many aspects of the life of the community, and this is reflected in the odes of many West African poets. Because his poems are directly related to their own lives and the lives of people in society. West African Arabic poetry gave great importance to this aspect, and poets discussed it in their divans. Social poetry is to convey the life of society in all its forms and aspects, and to touch on the lives of people in various fields and the issues that concern them. From this point of view, this research -by using the socio-historical method - aims to examine the details of the social life of West African society and to reveal the social relations and traditions between individuals by examining poetic texts on social life. The importance of this work is due to the fact that it contributes to the recognition of some aspects and different manifestations of social life in West Africa by examining the poems of poets who touch on social aspects. This research answers two questions: What are the most important social issues addressed by the regional writers? Does social poetry reflect the reality of African society as it is? In the research, many social issues, including the positive and negative phenomena that the local poets dealt with in their poetry divans, were mentioned. Among the most important positive themes, there are behaviors that are appreciated in society, such as benevolence to parents, respect for science and teachers, fraternity and social solidarity, justice, and social assistance. As for the negative issues and problems that social poetry struggles with, these include poverty, unemployment, bribery, injustice, corruption, drug abuse, and betrayal. The research is limited to Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Benin from 16 countries in the West African region. Because the Arabic poems written in these countries differ from those written in the rest of the region in terms of quantity, quality, and style. It contains poems of prominent poets from these countries. These include Malian poets Yacob Doucoure and Amr Abdulatif Sacko, Senegalese poets Tijan Gay, Davud Adekeleken, and Tijan al-Hac Mansur Sy, Burkina Faso poet Ghanami, Ghanaian poet Mohamad Rashad, Benin poets Sulaiman Maysuna and Musa Babatandi, and Niger poet Ali al-Ashly. There are many distinguished poets as for the reasons for the preference of these poets; they gave more importance to social issues compared to other poets in the region and frequently mentioned these issues. However, his poems were written in very plain language and syllabic meter.
William James’de Pragmatik Yaklaşım Bağlamında Dinin Temellendirilmesi
Authors: Doğan Hümeyra Ahsen , Tokur Behlül
Published: September 2023

Pragmatism is one of the important thought traditions in the history of philosophy. Approaching facts and propositions from a functional point of view, pragmatism is not concerned with whether the facts and propositions contain rational truth and consistency. Rather, it cares about their practical consequences. This approach is not only philosophically based but has become a widely used tool in social sciences over time. This approach, first introduced by the philosopher C. S. Peirce in the 1870s, gained momentum when William James wrote Pragmatism in 1907. In the context of this work, it is understood that he was one of the names who made important contributions to the development of pragmatism, even if he was not the person who presented pragmatism independently, with his writings in the atmosphere of American functional psychology. William James describes the pragmatic approach as a philosophy of life. In addition, this point of view is important in explaining religious and psychological phenomena. Some of the results determined in the context of this study are as follows: William James focused on the concept of religious experience in terms of the God-human relationship and the pragmatic value of this relationship. For him, individual religious experience is the direct source of religious knowledge. The origin of this knowledge is religious feeling, not religious beliefs. According to William James, the religious feeling is regarded as the first and deepest source of religion. While basing his views on religion from a pragmatic point of view, he focused on the resulting results rather than the rational truth of the belief. In other words, according to him, any belief is not absolutely true but subjectively true to the extent that it adds meaning to the individual's life and makes his life easier. The main subject of this study is how William James handled religion within the framework of pragmatism as a methodological approach. The aim of this study is to first examine William James's pragmatic approach and then to examine how he grounded religion in the context of pragmatism. In this context, the study is based on William James's; He is limited to examining his works called Pragmatism, The Diversity of Religious Experience, The Will to Believe. In this study, in which the qualitative research method was followed, the related works of William James, in which he discussed the phenomenon of religion and the grounding of pragmatism, were examined by document analysis technique.
Engelliliğe Bakışın 2010 Yılı Sonrası Yayımlanan Türk Televizyon Dizileri Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Karakurt Emine
Published: September 2023

The media in general and television series, in particular, are influential on the mentality of the society. It is known that media have an undeniable influence on almost all of society. In this study, which was conducted between 05.11.2021 and 01.06.2022, the effect of some television series published after 2010 on the social disability phenomenon was examined. In the examinations, theoretically, the evaluation of the sequences was made by taking Goffman's Stigma theorem to the center. In this evaluation, it was examined how they included disabled characters in roles inspired by real life. Although there is the fact that the roles in the TV series can be different from real life, it has been observed that Turkish television viewers are influenced by these roles in the TV series and match them with their own lives. The study was carried out using the qualitative research method. Content analysis method was used as a research design for the evaluation made in the context of Turkish television series in the research. As samples, the TV series Çukur, Camdaki Kız, Güllerin Savaşı, Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki, Leyla ile Mecnun were chosen. In the selection of the series, the viewing rates, the presence of the disabled character, and the publication after 2010taken into account. Based on the findings, it has been determined that the view of the television series towards the disabled is problematic. Disabled characters have fewer scenes in the series than other actors. And disabled characters are in supporting roles.  When we look at the TV series that are the subject of the study in detail, it is seen that the disabled character, who is shown to be very weak mentally or physically, was removed after a few episodes by either committing suicide or being killed. In all the series, the disabled character is male, and there are no female disabled characters. However, it is known that there are male and female disabled persons in our society. At this point, no gender difference is observed. At the same time, the disabled male character in the series is shown emotionally alone and needy. The woman with whom the disabled character falls in love in the TV series Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki not in love with the disabled character but with her brother, who is shown to be healthy and strong in the series. The disabled character, which is often shown in the middle of complex relationships, can be understood as someone who is alone and therefore has a mental problem.  On the other hand, the scenes of disabled characters in the TV series Çukur, Camdaki Kız, Güllerin Savaşı, Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki, Leyla ile Mecnun are less than those of physically healthy characters. This situation shows that disabled individuals are represented in the media in a way that may cause false inferences and with less roles than healthy individuals. It is thought that these situations pave the way for the audience to perceive or evaluate disability differently and for the negative aspects that may occur in the social view of the disabled.