bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head-and-neck paragangliomas: An overview of 54 cases operated at a tertiary care center
Authors: Singh Shuchita , Madan Renu , Singh Manoj Kumar , Thakar Alok , Sharma Suresh Chandra
Published: October 2019

Background: Head-and-neck paragangliomas (HNP’s) are rare autonomic neoplasms associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to study epidemiology, clinicopathological correlation, and management of HNP to assist clinicians in advocating the most appropriate therapy. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological parameters, including age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, tumor classification, familial predisposition, multicentricity, and treatment modalities adopted, were analyzed in this retrospective analysis of 54 patients of HNP. Results: Age ranged from 15 to 85 years, with a female preponderance. Among all HNP, carotid body tumor (CBT) (48.1%) was the most common, followed by Glomus Jugulare (24.1%). Majority of the patients presented with neck swelling associated with nerve palsies. A preoperative neurological deficit was most commonly observed with Glomus jugulotympanicum (68.4%). Conclusion: CBT is the largest and most common paraganglioma in our study. The familial occurrence warrants meticulous screening for multifocality. Tumor location, neurovascular involvement, malignant potential, and patient factors should guide the designing of management options.
Organochlorine pesticide exposure as a risk factor for breast cancer in young Indian women: A case–control study
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Swain Srikant K , Banerjee Basudev D , Sharma Tusha , Krishnalata Thammineni
Published: October 2019

Background: Incidence rates of breast cancer are showing an increasing trend in young women (≤40 years) in India. Risk for breast cancer in this age group can be attributed only partially to various known risk factors. Environmental exposure to organochlorine (OC) compounds has been identified as a potential risk factor. However, the possible role of OC compounds in increasing breast cancer risk in young women has not been explored. This case–control study was planned with the objectives to assess the serum levels of OC compound in a North Indian population of young women. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients of breast cancer ≤ 40 years age and 42 age-matched controls were evaluated for exposure to OC compounds by performing assays in blood samples for pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites DDD and DDE; dieldrin; aldrin; methoxychlor, heptachlor; α-endosulfan; β-endosulfan; and hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers (α, β, and γ). Results: Young women with breast cancer were found to have significantly higher serum levels of all the OC compounds except aldrin, p, p’ DDT, and methoxychlor. Conclusions: Exposure to OC pesticides could be an important modifiable risk factor for breast cancer, especially in younger women.
Characterizing the Increase of the Residual Order under Blowup in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Hauser Herwig , Perlega Stefan
Published: October 2019

In contrast to the characteristic-zero situation, the residual order of an ideal may increase in positive characteristic under permissible blowups at points of the exceptional divisor where the order of the ideal has remained constant. The specific situations where this happens are described explicitly.
Tail dependence under sample failures
Authors: Ferreira Marta , Ferreira Helena
Published: October 2019

При сборе данных иногда встречаются ситуации, препятствующие ему, что приводит к пропускам в данных. Это может оказать влияние на последующие статистические выводы, в особенности, если исследование касается экстремальных значений, информация о которых всегда более скудна. В данной работе мы изучаем влияние различных типов пропусков в данных на зависимость экстремальных значений стационарной последовательности. Также мы приводим несколько примеров.
O nouă alianță între regnuri?
Authors: Cenușă Radu-Leontie , Drăgoi Marian
Published: October 2019

Furtuna produsă de „Viața secretă a copacilor”, o carte provocatoare scrisă de Peter Wohlleben, nu s-a oprit și continuă să alimenteze dispute dure între cercetarea tradițională a fiziologiei plantelor, bioinformatică și știința cunoașterii. Aparent, această nouă filozofie a științelor naturale se bazează pe o nouă paradigmă a neurologiei, promovată de neurologul român Dumitru Constantin Dulcan, care presupune că celulele trebuie să aibă propriul sistem nervos rudimental. Admitând această ipoteză, trebuie să luăm în considerare un alt orizont în interpretarea lumii vii.
Stejarul roșu (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) la Zăbala-Covasna: studiu de caz
Authors: Ușurelu Beatrice-Maria , Timar Kincsö-Katalin , Stan Gabriela-Elena , Benedek-Bloju Adrian-Florin , Cioacă Stelian-Ionuț , Nicolescu Valeriu-Norocel
Published: October 2019

O plantație pură de stejar roșu, 2 x 1 m (5000 puieți ha-1), a fost instalată în parcul castelului Mikes (Zăbala, județul Covasna) în primăvara anului 2012. Condițiile ecologice locale (temperatura medie anuală 7,6 oC, precipitațiile medii anuale 616 mm, Districambosol tipic) sunt de bonitate mijlocie pentru stejarul roșu, ca și pentru vegetația naturală (goruneto-făgete). O lucrare de curățiri a fost aplicată în cele două suprafețe de probă (SP) de cercetare / demonstrative instalate în aprilie-mai 2019, care a prezentat câteva caracteristici interesante înainte de intervenția la vârsta de 7 ani: (i) desime 4692 arb ha-1 (SP1) și 3692 arb ha-1 (SP2); (ii) diametrul mediu aritmetic 4,84 cm (SP1) și 5,01 cm (SP2); peste 40% din arbori, în ambele SP, au avut diametre peste 5 cm (creșterea medie în diametru peste 7 mm an-1); (iii) diametrul mediu al suprafeței de bază: 5,05 cm (SP1) și 5,12 cm (SP2); (iv) înălțimea medie aritmetică: 6,48 m (SP1) și 6,77 m (SP2); peste 40% din arbori, în ambele SP, au avut peste 7 m înălțime (creșterea medie în înălțime peste 1 m an-1); (v) înălțimea corespunzătoare diametrului mediu al suprafeței de bază: 6,75 m (SP1) și 6,88 m (SP2). Lucrarea de curățiri a fost predominant de jos și de intensitate puternică (SP1), respectiv moderată (SP2), pe număr de arbori, și moderată (ambele SP) pe suprafață de bază. Arboretul rămas, în ambele SP,  este încă des (desimea peste 3200 arb ha-1; suprafața de bază peste 7 m2 ha-1), cu diametre medii și înălțimi medii mai mari decât cele inițiale, respectiv indici de zveltețe mai mici. Numărul de „potențiali” arbori de viitor, aleși și însemnați cu vopsea înainte de curățire pe baza criteriilor vigoare-calitate-spațiere, a fost mai mare (538 arb ha-1 în SP1, 461 arb ha-1 în SP2) decât în alte țări europene (maximum 400 arb ha-1). Deoarece o parte din acești arbori prezintă înfurciri la înălțimi sub 4 m, doar 150-200 arb ha-1 din aceste exemplare vor fi selectate de-a lungul fazei de păriș, când se dorește aplicarea unei silviculturi pe arbore, care urmărește creșterea liberă (fără competiție la nivelul coroanei) a acestora.
The New Aesthetics of Deculturation
Authors: Botz-Bornstein Thorsten
Published: October 2019

What are the predominant aesthetics of the twenty-first century? Thorsten Botz-Bornstein argues that deculturation, embodied by the conspicuous vulgarity of kitsch, is the overriding visual language of our times.

Drawing on the work of Islam scholar Olivier Roy, who argued that religious fundamentalism arises when religion is separated from the indigenous cultural values, Botz-Bornstein shows that the production of ‘absolute’ truths through deculturation also exists in contemporary education. The neoliberal environment has separated learning from culture by emphasizing standardization and quantified learning outcomes. In a globalized environment, the idea of culture is no longer available as a referent; instead we are taught to rely on the culturally neutral term ‘excellence’. For BotzBornstein, this is an absolute value similar to the ‘truth’ of religious fundamentalists.

Similarly, kitsch is what happens when aesthetic values are separated from cultural contexts. Kitsch is aesthetic fundamentalism. Kitsch aesthetics are an aesthetics of excellence. The consumption of kitsch can be understood as an intrinsically narcissistic impulse, reinforced by social media, individuals recycling their own selves without being confronted with the culture of the “other.” The existence of self-centred “alternative truths”, fake news and conspiracy theories and selfies are linked together in the fundamentalism–neoliberalism–kitsch pattern.

Including analysis of the intersections of ‘cute’, ‘excellent’, ‘sublime’, and ‘interesting’ in contemporary aesthetic culture, this is a journey through philosophy, psychology and cultural theory, redefining a new aesthetics of deculturation.
Spectacular Television
Authors: Wheatley Helen
Published: October 2019

Today, it is tempting to see the rise of HD television as ushering in a new era of spectacular television. Yet since its earliest days, the medium has been epitomised by spectacle and offered its viewers diverse forms of visual pleasure. Looking at the early promotion of television and the launch of colour broadcasting, Spectacular Television traces a history of television as spectacular attraction, from its launch to the contemporary age of surround sound, digital effects and HD screens. In focusing on the spectacle of nature, landscape, and even our own bodies on television via explorations of popular television dramas, documentary series and factual entertainment, and ambitious natural history television, Helen Wheatley answers the questions: what is televisual pleasure, and how has television defined its own brand of spectacular aesthetics?
Cornelius’s Fantasma
Authors: Roberts Martin
Published: October 2019

In Tokyo in the early 1990s, an indie band called Flipper’s Guitar was at the forefront of a new wave in Japanese popular music known as Shibuya-kei. The band’s founder, Keigo Oyamada, would go on to produce, under the name Cornelius, a series of albums that are among the most innovative in Japanese popular music of the past two decades. Oyamada’s third album under his Cornelius alter-ego, Fantasma (1997), played a key role in putting J-pop on the world map for Western music fans, and Oyamada himself is today one of the most respected figures in the Japanese music industry. This book tells the story of Fantasma’s emergence from the Shibuya-kei scene and considers the wider impact of Oyamada’s work both internationally and on Japanese popular music today.

33 1/3 Global, a series related to but independent from 33 1/3, takes the format of the original series of short, music-based books and brings the focus to music throughout the world. With initial volumes focusing on Japanese and Brazilian music, the series will also include volumes on the popular music of Australia/Oceania, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and more.
Microanatomy and growth of the mesosaurs Stereosternum tumidum and Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis (Reptilia, Parareptilia)
Authors: Klein Nicole , Verrière Antoine , Sartorelli Heitor , Wintrich Tanja , Fröbisch Jörg
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Histology and microanatomy of vertebrae, ribs, haemal
arch, and humeri and femora of 10 individuals of Stereosternum and two dorsal ribs of
1 individual of Brazilosaurus were studied. All individuals had achieved a body length
of 50 cm (equal to 65 % of the maximum known body length) or larger. All sampled
bones are highly osteosclerotic due to the reduction of medullary cavities
and the filling of medullary regions by endosteal bone. Calcified cartilage
occurs – if at all – only locally in small clusters in the medullary
regions of midshaft and in higher amounts only in non-midshaft sections of
long bones and towards the medio-distal rib shaft, respectively. The primary
bone tissue consists of highly organized parallel-fibred tissue and/or
lamellar tissue, which is in most samples relatively lightly vascularized or
even avascular. If present, vascular canals are mainly longitudinally
oriented; some show a radial orientation. Simple vascular canals as well as
primary osteons occur. Some of the latter are secondarily altered, i.e. widened. Remodelling of the periosteal cortex is only documented by few
scattered erosion cavities and secondary osteons. The tissue is regularly
stratified by lines of arrested growth (LAGs), which usually appear as double or multiple rest lines,
indicating strong dependence on exogenous and endogenous factors. Because of
the inhibition of periosteal remodelling the growth record is complete and
no inner cycles are lost. Individuals of Stereosternum show a poor correlation of body
size and number of growth marks, which might be the result of developmental
plasticity. Brazilosaurus shows a highly organized, avascular lamellar tissue and a high
number of regularly deposited rest lines throughout the cortex of the ribs.
The medullary region in the ribs of Brazilosaurus is distinctly larger when compared to ribs
of Stereosternum. However, strong osteosclerosis is obvious in both taxa, pointing to a
high degree of aquatic adaption. Ribs of Stereosternum, Brazilosaurus, and Mesosaurus are clearly distinguishable
from each other by the distribution of the periosteal and endosteal
territory. Furthermore, Brazilosaurus differs in its growth pattern (i.e. spacing of rest
lines) when compared to Stereosternum and Mesosaurus.
A lattice-automaton bioturbation simulator with coupled physics, chemistry, and biology in marine sediments (eLABS v0.2)
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiki , Boudreau Bernard P. , Kirtland Turner Sandra , Ridgwell Andy
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Seawater–sediment interaction is a crucial factor in
carbon and nutrient cycling on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
This interaction is mediated not just through geochemistry but also via
biology. Infauna vigorously mix sediment particles, enhance
porewater–seawater exchange, and consequently, facilitate chemical
reactions. In turn, the ecology and activity of benthic fauna are impacted
by their environment, amplifying the sensitivity of seawater–sediment
interaction to environmental change. However, numerical representation of
the bioturbation of sediment has often been treated simply as an enhanced
diffusion of solutes and solids. Whilst reasonably successful in
representing the mixing of bulk and predominantly oxic marine sediments, the
diffusional approach to bioturbation is limited by a lack of environmental
sensitivity. To better capture the mechanics and effects of sediment
bioturbation, we extend a published bioturbation model (Lattice-Automaton Bioturbation Simulator; LABS) by
adopting a novel method to simulate realistic infaunal behavior that drives
sediment mixing. In this new model (extended LABS – eLABS), simulated benthic organism
action is combined with a deterministic calculation of water flow and oxygen
and organic matter concentration fields to better reflect the
physicochemical evolution of sediment in response to bioturbation. The
predicted burrow geometry and mixing intensity thus attain a dependence on
physicochemical sedimentary conditions. This interplay between biology,
chemistry, and physics is important to mechanistically explain empirical
observations of bioturbation and to account for the impact of environmental
changes. As an illustrative example, we show how higher organic rain can
drive more intense sediment mixing by “luring” benthic organisms deeper into
sediments, while lower ambient dissolved oxygen restricts the oxic habitat
depth and hence tends to reduce bulk mixing rates. Our model, with its
oxygen and food availability controls, is a new tool to interpret the trace
fossil record, e.g., burrows, as well as to explore biological engineering
of past marine environments.
Automated Monte Carlo-based Quantification and Updating of Geological Uncertainty with Borehole Data (AutoBEL v1.0)
Authors: Yin Zhen , Strebelle Sebastien , Caers Jef
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We provide an automated method for uncertainty quantification and updating of geological models using borehole data for subsurface developments (groundwater, geothermal, oil & gas, and CO2 sequestration, etc.) within a Bayesian framework. Our methodologies are developed with the Bayesian Evidential Learning protocol for uncertainty quantification. Under such framework, newly acquired borehole data directly and jointly update geological models (structure, lithology, petrophysics and fluids), globally and spatially, without time-consuming model re-buildings. To address the above, an ensemble of prior geological models is first constructed by Monte Carlo simulation from prior distribution. Once the prior model is tested by means of falsification process, a sequential direct forecasting is designed to perform the joint uncertainty quantification. The direct forecasting is a data-scientific method that learns from a series of bijective operations to establish “Bayes-linear-Gauss” statistical relationships between model and data variables. Such statistical relationships, once conditioned to actual borehole measurements, allows for fast computation posterior geological models. The proposed framework is completely automated in an opensource project. We demonstrate its application by applying to a generalized synthetic dataset motivated by a gas reservoir from Australia. The posterior results show significant uncertainty reduction in both spatial geological model and gas volume prediction, and cannot be falsified by new borehole observations. Furthermore, our automated framework completes the entire uncertainty quantification process efficiently for such large models.
On the numerical integration of the Lorenz-96 model, with scalar additive noise, for benchmark twin experiments
Authors: Grudzien Colin , Bocquet Marc , Carrassi Alberto
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Relatively little attention has been given to the impact of discretization error on twin experiments in the stochastic form of the Lorenz-96 equations when the dynamics are fully resolved but random. We study a simple form of the stochastically forced Lorenz-96 equations that is amenable to higher order time-discretization schemes in order to investigate these effects. We provide numerical benchmarks for the overall discretization error, in the strong and weak sense, for several commonly used integration schemes and compare these methods for biases introduced into ensemble-based statistics and filtering performance. Focus is given to the distinction between strong and weak convergence of the numerical schemes, highlighting which of the two concepts is relevant based on the problem at hand. Using the above analysis, we suggest a mathematically consistent framework for the treatment of these discretization errors in ensemble forecasting and data assimilation twin experiments for unbiased and computationally efficient benchmark studies. Pursuant to this, we provide a novel derivation of the order 2.0 strong Taylor scheme for numerically generating the truth-twin in the stochastically perturbed Lorenz-96 equations.
The impact of initial conditions on convection-permitting simulations
of flood events
Authors: Li Lu , Pontoppidan Marie , Sobolowski Stefan , Senatore Alfonso
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Western Norway suffered major flooding after 4 days of intense rainfall during the last week of October 2014, resulting in damages totalling hundreds of millions Norwegian kroner. These types of events are expected to become more frequent and severe as Norwegian (and the earth's) climate continues to warm. However, due to the strong effects that local features and conditions can have on these kinds of events, coarse-grained global or regional models are unable to capture their characteristics. Very high resolution models run at so-called convection-permitting scales have shown some promise for reliably capturing such events. Doing so in a robust manner is, as a matter of course, of high interest to both scientists and stakeholders in both climate prediction and projection contexts. Despite this promise, the impacts of initial conditions on convection-permitting simulations, i.e., precipitation pattern and discharge, are uncertain, especially over complex, mountainous terrain. Complicating matters, these areas also usually lack dense measurement networks. In this paper, we apply a distributed dynamic regional atmosphere-hydrological modelling system (WRF-Hydro) at convection-permitting scale and assess its performance over four catchments in western Norway for the aforementioned flood event. The model is calibrated and then evaluated using observations and benchmarks obtained from the HBV light model. Interestingly, the calibrated WRF-Hydro model with NSE value of 0.86 exceeds the upper benchmark obtained from the conceptual HBV model with NSE value of 0.80 suggesting that the former performs as well or better than the simpler conceptual model, especially in areas with complex terrain and poor observational coverage. Confident in the capabilities of the modelling system we then examined the sensitivity of precipitation pattern and discharge, especially peak flow, to poorly constrained elements such as spinup time and snow conditions. The results show that: (1) overall the convection-permitting WRF-Hydro simulation captures the precipitation pattern/amount, the peak flow volume and the timing of the flood event; (2) precipitation is not overly sensitive to spinup time, while discharge is slightly more sensitive due to the influence of soil moisture, especially during the pre-peak phase; (3) the idealized snow depth experiments show that a maximum of 0.5 m of snow is converted to runoff irrespective of the initial snow depth and that this snowmelt contributes to discharge mostly during the rainy and the peak flow periods. This suggests that snow-cover, in these experiment at least, intensifies the extreme discharge instead of acting as sponge, which further implies that future rain-on-snow events may contribute to higher flood risk. While targeted experiments on the changing characteristics of projected future rain-on-snow events are needed to confirm this study suggests that WRF-Hydro is an ideally formulated tool to investigate these questions.
Board Remuneration Transparency: A Pre and Post Analysis of MCCG 2017
Authors: Baharudin Dayana Mastura
Published: October 2019

Purpose – This study investigates the impact of the three main determinants of strengthening board remuneration through Board Remuneration Committee Composition, Remuneration Composition of Directors and Top Five Senior Management Remuneration compared between pre and post MCCG 2017.Design/methodology/approach – In order to analyze the reporting of Board compensation committee composition, compensation composition of directors and top five Senior Management Remuneration, the research will follow the purposeful technique of sampling followed by descriptive statistic, regression analysis and content analysis obtained from MCCG 2012 and MCCG2017 together with prior research findings.Originality/value – This study is a systematic review of recent research developments in MCCG 2012 and MCCG 2017. The scoring index designed for Board Remuneration Committee Composition, Remuneration Composition of Directors and Top Five Senior Management Remuneration could also be applied to other PLCs other than the Malaysian oil and gas industry.
Síndrome de Asperger: Revisión sistemática de aspectos Neurocognitivos
Authors: Cerna Márquez Marlon Alexander , Contreras  Martínez Larissa Maydelin
Published: October 2019

El Síndrome de Asperger (SA) fue descrito por primera vez en 1944 por el pediatra Austriaco Hans Asperger, quien también acuñó el término “autista” para caracterizar este trastorno en sus publicaciones. A partir de entonces, se ha ido develando la importancia de este trastorno, tanto por su elevada prevalencia, como por la repercusión social que comporta en las personas que lo padecen. A pesar de su descubrimiento hace seis décadas, el Síndrome de Asperger (SA) no fue reconocido oficialmente por la comunidad científica internacional hasta principios de la década de los noventa. El SA es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, de base neurológica y por medio de estudios neurofuncionales se ha implicado a la disfunción de la corteza prefrontal y diferentes vías temporofrontales como responsables de ciertos aspectos clínicos, y por tanto, etiopatogénicos. Es un trastorno de la infancia que afecta predominantemente a varones y es similar al autismo pero en su versión más pura y menos grave. La evolución oscila entre excelente y pobre, debido a que muchos de estos pacientes no son remitidos al psiquiatra, al no ser considerados como un problema. Aunque no hay tratamiento específico, este consiste en manejar los síntomas conductuales y la comorbilidad de forma independiente ya sea farmacológico.
New Administrative Practice: The Organizational Identity Operation of Teacher Departments
Authors: Chen Yu Chuan
Published: October 2019

This study evaluated the organizational identity perceptions of teachers in teacher departments. Based on a literaturereview, this research regards organizational identity as being composed of mind identity, behavior identity, and visualidentity. Fieldwork was conducted, and 180 students in teacher departments were asked to participate in the study.After valid questionnaires were received, SPSS 22.0 was used for analysis. Importance and performance analysis(IPA) is a strategic tool that was used in this study to capture staff requirements for achieving high satisfaction andallocating resources in teacher departments. There were eight, eight, two, and two attributes in Quadrants I, II, III,and IV, respectively. The results of this study could be useful for policymakers and scholars. Policymakers couldlearn from the IPA results and the prioritized variables, and researchers could gain a better understanding of theorganizational identity of universities.
Model Checking of WebRTC Peer to Peer System
Authors: El HAMZAOUI Asma , BENSAID Hicham , EN-NOUAARY Abdeslam
Published: October 2019

The establishment of the multimedia session is crucial in the WebRTC architecture before media and data transmission. The preliminary bi-directional flow provides the network with all the information needed in order to control and manage the communication between end-users. This control includes the setup, management, and teardown of a session and the definition, and the modification of multiple features that will be enabled in the ongoing session. This is performed by a mechanism named Signaling. In this work, we will use the formal verification to increase confidence in our SDL model by checking the consistency and reliability of the WebRTC Peer to Peer system. The verification and validation are proved the most efficient tools to avoid errors and defects in the concurrent system designs. Indeed, by using model-checking techniques we will verify if the WebRTC system adheres to standards if it performs the selected functions in the correct manner. To achieve that, we will first translate the SDL model to an intermediate format IF that will be retranslated to a Promela Model. Second, using the SPIN model checker, we will verify the general correctness of the model before checking if the desired properties are satisfied using the Linear Temporal Logic (LTL).
An Efficient Approach for Solving Fractional Dynamics of a Predator-Prey System
Authors: Mohamed Ali Hegagi , Gad Ameen Ismail
Published: October 2019

In this work, we execute a generally new analytical technique, the modified generalized Mittag-Leffler function method (MGMLFM) for solving nonlinear partial differential equations containing fractional derivative emerging in predator-prey biological population dynamics system. This dynamics system are given by a set of fractional differential equations in the Caputo sense. A new solution is constructed in a power series. The stability of equilibrium points is studied. Moreover, numerical solutions for different cases are given and the methodology is displayed. We conducted a comparing between the results obtained by our method with the results obtained by other methods to illustrate the reliability and effectiveness of our main results.
2019/31 Failing to enhance pay for shared parental leave to the level of maternity pay is not sex discrimination (UK)
Authors: Lister Richard
Published: October 2019

2019/31 Failing to enhance pay for shared parental leave to the level of maternity pay is not sex discrimination (UK)

In two appeal cases considered jointly, the Court of Appeal (CA) has ruled that it is not direct or indirect sex discrimination, nor a breach of equal pay rights, to provide enhanced pay for maternity leave and statutory pay only for shared parental leave (SPL).
2019/34 Reduction of annual leave during parental leave is lawful (GE)
Authors: Stephan Nina , Meyer David
Published: October 2019

2019/34 Reduction of annual leave during parental leave is lawful (GE)

The Higher Labour Court of Berlin-Brandenburg (Landesarbeitsgericht (LAG)) has held that the pro rata reduction of annual leave depending on the period of parental leave is lawful. In general, statutory holiday entitlement also exists for the period of parental leave. However, the employer has the right to reduce leave pro rata for each full month of parental leave according to Section 17 paragraph 1 sentence 1 of the Federal Parental Allowances and Parental Leave Act (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz (BEEG)). The proportional reduction is in line with European law.
Anomalie of de aankondiging van een omwenteling?
Authors: van den Brink A.
Published: October 2019

Anomalie of de aankondiging van een omwenteling? Het EU-stelsel van rechtsbescherming na Rimsevics

In de zaak Rimšēvičs vernietigde het Hof van Justitie voor het eerst een besluit van een nationaal overheidsorgaan. Het ging om het ontslag van de president van de Letse centrale bank. De vernietiging doorbreekt de klassieke bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen het Hof van Justitie en nationale rechters, maar is gebaseerd op een bijzondere bepaling uit het EMU-recht. Betreft het om die reden een geïsoleerd geval, of kan de uitspraak bredere implicaties krijgen?

HvJ 26 februari 2019, gevoegde zaken C-202/18 (Rimšēvičs/Letland) en C-238/18 (ECB/Letland), ECLI:EU:C:2019:139.
Estudo de caso: Museu Nacional (o tombamento e a judicialização de sua preservação)
Authors: Verbicaro Dennis , Rodrigues Denis , Raiol Raimundo Wilson Gama
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo expõe dados sobre a pretensão judicial de se promover a preservação do Museu Nacional. As medidas judiciais iniciaram em 1993 por meio de uma Ação Civil Pública, ajuizada pelo Ministério Público Federal. Será exposto o seu trâmite no Poder Judiciário, passando pelo Recurso de Apelação no Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região e pelo Recurso Especial, no Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Para se chegar ao objetivo pretendido será adotado o método dedutivo, através de pesquisa exploratória de natureza teórico-bibliográfica e jurisprudencial no âmbito dos Tribunais Superiores, relacionada ao tombamento (processo administrativo no qual o Museu Nacional foi objeto). A pesquisa conclui que há grande distância entre as previsões legislativas concernentes à preservação do patrimônio histórico-cultural em geral e o tombamento de bens culturais em particular; e a realidade no que tange à efetiva proteção desses bens, inclusive através da via judicial.
A mediação de conflitos como instrumento de concretização da teoria da justiça de John Rawls
Authors: Said Filho Fernando Fortes
Published: October 2019

John Rawls desenvolveu sua teoria da justiça como equidade a partir da noção de que cabe aos próprios indivíduos estabelecer os princípios básicos de organização da sociedade. O autor considera que os membros devem estar numa posição original de igualdade envolvidos pelo véu de ignorância, capaz de evitar a influência de condições pessoais na escolha desses critérios. Tais princípios da justiça legitimariam uma sociedade democrática, pois fundamentados na liberdade e igualdade (ou respeito às diferenças). Entretanto, é comum que surjam divergências de interesses como decorrência natural das relações interpessoais, fator que representa um risco à manutenção do arranjo social. O presente artigo tem por objetivo mostrar que a mediação se apresenta como um mecanismo de tratamento de conflitos que melhor concretiza a teoria de Rawls, pois pretende o restabelecimento do vínculo entre as partes, permitindo aos envolvidos a construção pacífica da solução através da participação ativa na tomada de decisões.
Uma análise do julgamento do recurso extraordinário nº 603616/RO – Rondônia
Authors: Garcez Duarte Hugo
Published: October 2019

Por meio deste texto, pretende-se fazer uma análise do julgamento, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, do Recurso Extraordinário nº 603616/RO – Rondônia, quando ocorreu a apreciação de questões envolvendo o direito fundamental individual inviolabilidade de domicílio e a prática de crime permanente, bem como a conduta a ser exercida pelo agente púbico na hipótese.
THE EVALUATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERAL
OILS-R600a REFRIGERANT MIXTURES UNDER STARVED
LUBRICATION CONDITIONS
Authors: GÓRNY Kasper , STACHOWIAK Arkadiusz , TYCZEWSKI Przemysław , ZWIERZYCKI Wiesław
Published: October 2019

In refrigeration compressors, the amount of oil in tribocontacts in certain situations may be insufficient. In this
case, poor lubrication conditions may occur. There may also be a situation in which the areas of lubrication
lack lubricant and the lubrication of the friction pairs will be carried out by only the refrigerant.
The requirements related to legal regulations and concerning refrigerants result in the return to the use of
natural substances such as hydrocarbons. These substances do not contribute to the enlargement of the ozone
hole and the greenhouse effect. The most commonly used refrigerant in the group of low-capacity devices is
R600a (isobutene).
The article verifies the test method allowing one to assess lubricity properties of oils for refrigeration
compressors in the mixture with a refrigerant under the conditions of poor lubrication. The article also contains
the results of wear tests which allow one to assess and contrast lubricity properties of oil–refrigerant mixtures
for three mineral oils of the same viscosity grade under the conditions of poor lubrication in cooperation with
R600a. The tests were performed for the air, R600a, mineral oils, and oil–refrigerant mixtures.
THE INFLUENCE OF GLASSY CARBON AND ITS FORMS
ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM MATRIX
COMPOSITES
Authors: MYALSKI Jerzy , Posmyk Andrzej , HEKNER Bartosz , GODZIERZ Marcin
Published: October 2019

Carbon with an amorphous structure was used as a component to modify the tribological properties of
engineering plastics. Its construction allows the formation of carbon-based wear products during friction,
adhesively bonded to the surface of cooperating machine parts, acting as a solid lubricant. The work compares
the tribological properties of two groups of composites with an aluminium alloy matrix in which glassy
carbon appeared in the form of particles and an open cell foam fulfilling the role of strengthening the matrix.
The use of spatial structures of reinforcement provides, in comparison with the strengthening of particles,
homogeneity of carbon distribution in the entire volume of the composite. The tests carried out on a pin-disc
tester showed that the use of spatial carbon structures in the composite ensures a greater coefficient of friction
stability than when reinforcing with particles, and the coefficient of friction with a small proportion of carbon
foams (about 1 wt%) is comparable with the coefficient of friction in the contact with composites containing
5-10% carbon particles in granular form.
Differences in microbiome and virome between cattle and horses in the same farm
Authors: Park Jongbin , Kim Eun Bae
Published: October 2019

Objective: The ecosystem of an animal farm is composed of various elements, such as animals, farmers, plants, feed, soil, and microorganisms. A domesticated animal’s health is largely connected with the reservoir of bacteria and viruses in animal farms. Although a few studies have focused on exploring the gut microbiome of animals, communities of microbiota and viruses in feedlots have not been thoroughly investigated.Methods: Here, we collected feces and dust samples (4 groups: cattle feces, C_F; horse feces, H_F; cattle dust, C_D; and horse dust, H_D) from cattle and horse farms sharing the same housing and investigated their microbiome/virome communities by Illumina sequencing.Results: Dust groups (C_D and H_D) showed higher microbial diversity than feces groups (C_F and H_F) regardless of animal species. From the microbial community analysis, all the samples from the four groups have major phyla such as Proteobacteria (min 37.1% to max 42.8%), Firmicutes (19.1% to 24.9%), Bacteroidetes (10.6% to 22.1%), and Actinobacteria (6.1% to 20.5%). The abundance of Streptococcus, which commonly recognized as equine pathogens, was significantly higher in the horse group (H_D and H_F). Over 99% among the classified virome reads were classified as Caudovirales, a group of tailed bacteriophages, in all four groups. Foot-and-mouth disease virus and equine adenovirus, which cause deadly diseases in cattle and horse, respectively, were not detected.Conclusion: Our results will provide baseline information to understand different gut and environmental microbial ecology between two livestock species.
Fruit and vegetable discards preserved with sodium metabisulfite as a high-moisture ingredient in total mixed ration for ruminants: effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation and in vivo metabolism
Authors: Ahmadi Farhad , Lee Won Hee , Oh Young-Kyoon , Park Keunkyu , Kwak Wan Sup
Published: October 2019

Objective: Our recent series of laboratory- and large-scale experiments confirmed that under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, sodium metabisulfite (SMB) was effective in preserving nutrients and antioxidant capacity of highly perishable fruit and vegetable discards (FVD). Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine how partial inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in total mixed ration (TMR) influences in vitro ruminal fermentation, whole-tract digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, blood metabolites, and voluntary feed intake of sheep.Methods: The FVD were mixed thoroughly with 6 g SMB/kg wet biomass and kept outdoors under aerobic conditions for 7 days. Four TMRs including four levels of SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (equaling to 0%, 1.9%, 3.8%, and 5.7% on dry matter basis, respectively), were prepared as replacement for corn grain. The ruminal fermentation metabolites were studied using an in vitro gas production test. Four mature male Corriedale sheep were assigned at random to the 4 diets for two separate sub-experiments; i) digestibility trial with four 21-d periods, and ii) voluntary feed intake trial with four 28-d periods.Results: Inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in the TMR tended to quadratically increase partitioning factor. No effect was seen on total-tract digestibility of organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber, except for neutral detergent fiber digestibility that tended to linearly increase with increasing SMB-treated FVD in the TMR. The progressive increase of FVD preserved with SMB in the diet had no effect on nitrogen metabolism. Treatment had no effect on serum antioxidant capacity and blood metabolites assayed. Voluntary feed intake was not impaired by inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in the TMR.Conclusion: It appears that FVD preserved with SMB can be safely incorporated into TMR as replacement of corn grain without impairment of nutrient metabolism and feed intake.
Effect of line and floor type on growth performance and feather characterization during the growth period of White Roman geese
Authors: Lin Min Jung , Chang Shen Chang , Chen Tzu Jou , Lin Wei Chih , Peng Shao Yu , Lee Tzu Tai
Published: October 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether goose growth and feather characteristics are influenced by their line and feeding surroundings, inclusive of floor materials and types, since there are no reports regarding these factors.Methods: The 240 White Roman geese which were hatched and sex identified came from 3 commercial goose farms. They were randomly distributed to 24 pens depending on a completely random design. The study continued for 13 weeks and included 3 lines of commercial geese and 2 floor types (cement strip floor [CSF] or cement floor [CF]).Results: The day one gosling weight from A farm was lower than other two farms (96 g vs 107 and 115 g; p<0.001). Afterwards, the body weight, back length, keel length, chest girth and main wing feather length among 3 farms showed no significance difference prior to 12 weeks. The CF group showed heavier body weight, shorter back length, longer keel length, shorter chest girth and shorter main wing feather length than the CSF group prior to 12 weeks. The down weight in the CF was heavier than the CSF group (57.1 g vs 41.8 g; p<0.01) prior to 13 weeks.Conclusion: The body weight showed the positive relations for dry feather weight (r = 0.59), down weight (r = 0.69), percent of the down weight of live body weight prior to 13 weeks (r = 0.61).
Effect of geometric parameters and combined loading on stress distribution of tubular T-joints
Authors: Belhour Samira , Kahoul Hafida , Bellaouar Ahmed , Murer Sébastien
Published: October 2019

Steel tubular structures are widely used in the construction of offshore platforms and T-type junctions are extensively used in this domain. The tubular members are welded, which generates significant stress concentrations at the edges. The stress levels reached in these critical places are used to assess lifetimes based on fatigue curves from tests conducted on standard samples. This study is devoted to the modeling and analysis of T-type welded tubular structures for the determination of hot spots stresses (HSS) at the chord/brace intersection, A numerical analysis was carried out to study the effect of a combined loading composed of an axial loading and a continuation of rational bending, that best assimilate real conditions, as well as the effect of normalized geometric parameters α, β, g on the distribution of stress concentration (area and values) of T-joints. The mechanical behaviour has been modeled in 2D using quadrangular and triangular thin-shell elements by the finite element method (FEM). It is the most appropriate approach because it considers all geometric complexities and singularities of the structure, while the efforts as well as the computation time are considerably reduced compared to an experimental study or to complex FE models implementing solid elements. In this study, we use the COMSOL-MULTIPHYSICS® software...
The numerical simulation of FOPS and ROPS tests using LS-DYNA
Authors: Kokot Grzegorz , Ogierman Witold
Published: October 2019

The paper presents design process and numerical simulations of safety tests of the operator's protective structure of earth-moving machinery. It is connected with international code requirements according to design the protective structure of machines in the case of working environment with a danger of falling objects or situation of rolling-over. The discrete finite element numerical models and results of numerical simulation of codes required tests are presented. All finite element simulations were done using LS-DYNA software.
Nonstoichiometry Role on the Properties of Quantum-Paraelectric Ceramics
Authors: Tkach Alexander , M. Vilarinho Paula
Published: October 2019

Among the lead-free perovskite-structure materials, strontium titanate (SrTiO3—ST) and potassium tantalate (KTaO3—KT), pure or modified, are of particular importance. They are both quantum paraelectrics with high dielectric permittivity and low losses that can find application in tunable microwave devices due to a dependence of the permittivity on the electric field. Factors as Sr/Ti and K/Ta ratio in ST and KT ceramics, respectively, can alter the defect chemistry of these materials and affect the microstructure. Therefore, if properly understood, cation stoichiometry variation may be intentionally used to tailor the electrical response of electroceramics. The scientific and technological importance of the stoichiometry variation in ST and KT ceramics is reviewed and compared in this chapter. The differences in crystallographic phase assemblage, grain size, and dielectric properties are described in detail. Although sharing crystal chemical similarities, the effect of the stoichiometry is markedly different. Even if the variation of Sr/Ti and K/Ta ratios did not change the quantum-paraelectric nature of ST and KT, Sr excess impedes the grain growth and decreases the dielectric permittivity in ST ceramics, while K excess promotes the grain growth and increases the dielectric permittivity in KT ceramics.
NASA Global Satellite and Model Data Products and Services for Tropical Cyclone Research
Authors: Liu Zhong , Meyer David , Shie Chung-Lin , Li Angela
Published: October 2019

The lack of observations over vast tropical oceans is a major challenge for tropical cyclone research. Satellite observations and model reanalysis data play an important role in filling these gaps. Established in the mid-1980s, the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), as one of the 12 NASA data centers, archives and distributes data from several Earth science disciplines such as precipitation, atmospheric dynamics, atmospheric composition, and hydrology, including well-known NASA satellite missions (e.g., TRMM, GPM) and model assimilation projects (MERRA-2). Acquiring datasets suitable for tropical cyclone research in a large data archive is a challenge for many, especially for those who are not familiar with satellite or model data. Over the years, the GES DISC has developed user-friendly data services. For example, Giovanni is an online visualization and analysis tool, allowing users to visualize and analyze over 2000 satellite- and model-based variables with a Web browser, without downloading data and software. In this chapter, we will describe data and services at the GES DISC with emphasis on tropical cyclone research. We will also present two case studies and discuss future plans.
External Factors on Turkish Short-Term Interest Rates and Daily Exchange Rates: Tranquil Periods versus Politically Stressed Times
Authors: Emin Dogus
Published: October 2019

This chapter studies the impacts of short-term interest rates of United States and emerging markets risk premia as external factors on Turkish short-term interest rates and daily exchange rates during the period of January 2011–December 2018. Following Edwards and Borensztein et al., we construct a vector autoregressive (VAR) model with the domestic short-term interest rates, exchange rate against the US Dollar, the US interest rates and iShares MSCI emerging markets ETF. Hereby, we intend to shed some light on the reaction of Turkish interest rates and exchange rates to the short-term US interest rates and emerging markets instability. As other emerging countries, Turkey is rather economically and politically unstable country. Even a little political development may cause a serious volatility in the market. For that reason, in this study we specifically examine the periods that are known as politically stressed times and tranquil periods separately to see how external factors’ behaviors change during shock periods.
Toxic Masculinity and the Quest for Ecclesial Legitimation
Authors: Norris Kristopher ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

This essay analyzes masculinity as an ecclesial strategy for maintaining cultural and political power. It begins by examining the masculine theology promoted by the German Christian Movement that gave religious justification for Nazism’s violence against those who did not conform to their masculine norms. Drawing on conceptions of ‘legitimation crisis’ and masculinities studies, it argues that the masculine theology of the German Christians, predicated on a desire for social and political relevancy, shares a similar logic with current American evangelical masculinity. In conclusion, it turns to Dietrich Bonhoeffer for resources of ecclesial resistance to these masculine temptations for cultural relevancy and political power.