bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marcelo Pombo: condições de formação de um artista improvável
Authors: Cerviño Mariana Eva
Published: December 2017

O artigo revisa a trajetória social do artista Marcelo Pombo, referência na renovação estética na Argentina pós-ditadura. Seu caso é tomado como paradigma de um tipo de artista que, carente de capital intelectual ou econômico, ingressa no campo artístico durante os anos iniciais da democracia, apresentando um universo estético plebeu que confronta os estilos legítimos. Por meio da análise de distintas etapas de seu itinerário – origem familiar, formação, trajetória laboral, relações pessoais e, sobretudo, sua experiência homossexual e posterior participação no ativismo gay – o artigo analisa as bases sociais de uma estratégia artística dissidente cujo traço central é a reivindicação da autonomia perdida
Distribuição espacial da transição religiosa no Brasil
Authors: Alves José Eustáquio Diniz , Cavenaghi Suzana Marta , Barros Luiz Felipe Walter , Carvalho Angelita Alves de
Published: December 2017

A população brasileira vive uma grande transformação no perfil religioso. Por um lado, há um aumento da pluralidade religiosa e, por outro, uma tendência de mudança de hegemonia entre católicos e evangélicos. O objetivo deste artigo é focar nesse segundo aspecto do fenômeno transicional, fornecendo um panorama da transição religiosa brasileira entre 1991 e 2010, a partir de um indicador sobre a razão entre evangélicos e católicos (rec). Além da análise descritiva da distribuição geográfica nos níveis municipal e regional, apresentam-se mapas municipais darec em 2000 e 2010, mostrando as mudanças ocorridas no período, assim como uma análise de autocorrelação espacial local. O artigo contribui para o entendimento da evolução espacial da transição religiosa entre os dois grandes grupos cristãos no Brasil.
Entrevista com Thomas Lemke
Authors: Santos Eduardo , Carvalho Lima Bruna Della Torre , Lemke Thomas
Published: December 2017

Entrevista com Thomas Lemke, sociólogo alemão e professor de sociologia na Goethe Universität, em Frankfurt am Main, abordando temas como sua trajetória acadêmica, seu contato com a obra de Michel Foucault, a relação com a Escola de Frankfurt e a análise das noções de “neoliberalismo” e “governamentalidade”.
Émile Durkheim. O individualismo e os intelectuais. Henri Hubert. Estudo sumário da representação do tempo na religião e na magia.
Authors: Massella Alexandre Braga
Published: December 2017

Resenha das obras: O individualismo e os intelectuais, de Émile Durkheim e Estudo sumário da representação do tempo na religião e na magia, de Henri Hubert.
Sintonia e amizade entre patrões e donos de morro: perspectivas comparativas entre o comércio varejista de drogas em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Hirata Daniel Veloso , Grillo Carolina Christoph
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo será esboçada uma comparação do mercado varejista de drogas em favelas e bairros de periferias das cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. As reflexões aqui apresentadas baseiam-se no trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado nas duas cidades, bem como na revisão de estudos sobre o tema. Ancorado em pesquisas empíricas, explora a mecânica das relações entre os mercados do “crime” e as forças da ordem, envolvida na gestão da vida e morte da população pobre. Em face das guerras concorrenciais entre facções cariocas e da ideia de paz associada à hegemonia de um único comando em São Paulo, a comparação concentra-se nas figuras do “dono do morro” e da “amizade” no Rio de Janeiro e do “patrão” e da “sintonia” em São Paulo, atentando-se para o cruzamento de três dimensões: os lugares de mercado do varejo de drogas; as dinâmicas dos coletivos criminais; e os distintos arranjos de poder estabelecidos entre os traficantes e os agentes das forças da ordem.
Pedro Meira Monteiro. Signo e desterro: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e a imaginação do Brasil
Authors: Brasil Junior Antonio Da Silveira
Published: December 2017

Resenha de Signo e desterro: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e a imaginação do Brasil. de Pedro Meira Monteiro
Perspectivas atuais sobre políticas, produção, comércio e uso de drogas: apresentação ao dossiê "Drogas e Sociedade em uma perspectiva comparada"
Authors: Alvarez Marcos César , Fraga Paulo César Pontes , Campos Marcelo Da Silveira
Published: December 2017

Os estudos e as pesquisas sobre os usos de substâncias variadas que são caracterizadas pelo termo “droga” fazem parte já há décadas das reflexões das Ciências Sociais. Se em parte das pesquisas relacionadas às áreas como a Biologia, a Medicina ou a Psicologia ganha destaque o problema do uso de determinadas substâncias que alteram comportamentos e que podem levar à dependência química e produzir consequências diversas no organismo, no âmbito das Ciências Sociais há uma preocupação constante em desnaturalizar a questão e mostrar como, não somente o uso de “drogas”, mas a própria formulação de tal uso como “problema social” ganha configurações diversas, de acordo com específicos contextos históricos, sociais, políticos e econômicos.
THREE-STEP EXPERIMENTATION ON EMBEDDING CURVATURE TO RIGID PLANAR MATERIALS THROUGH CUT PATTERNS
Authors: Guzelci Orkan Zeynel , Alaçam Sema , Bacınoğlu Saadet Zeynep
Published: December 2017

Este estudo apresenta resultados e descobertas de uma experimentação de três passos para integrar técnicas de modelagem e design analógico e digital, com especial atenção para o aumento do rendimento do comportamento de curvatura e curvilinearidade dos materiais de superfície planar rígidos. No âmbito do processo de experimentação, o papelão foi utilizado como material, as ações de corte e flexão foram utilizadas como técnicas e o corte a laser e o ambiente de script visual foram envolvidos como ferramentas. São examinados os potenciais de técnicas de materiais subtraíveis, tais como operações de corte, curvatura, incisão. A experimentação abrange a geração de padrão, incorporação de padrões de corte ao material plano 2D e remapeamento de padrões 2D em superfícies 3D, com base nos conhecimentos adquiridos na fase anterior e na exploração de novas superfícies de forma livre em 3D tanto em ambientes físicos como digitais. O modelo de experimentação de três passos apresentado tem potenciais para contribuir com os estudos pedagógicos focados nas abordagens exploratórias e criativas para a formação e fabricação de projetos integrativos.
England, Usury and the Jews in the Mid-Seventeenth Century
Authors: Yuval-Naeh Avinoam
Published: December 2017

The first half of the seventeenth century saw a profound structural shift in the English economy and economic discourse. One of the controversial issues under dispute was the nature of usury. This paper sheds light on the enduring association of Jews with usury and seeks to demonstrate how the two concepts came to be decoupled in mid-seventeenth century England. It focuses on two case studies—the Jewish readmission polemic and Harrington’s Oceana—and examines two different channels through which this decoupling occurred. Reading these cases through the perspective of usury offers new insights not only into developing attitudes towards the Jews, but also into the different ways of coping with changing relations between traditional theological-economic paradigms and a shifting social reality in early modern England.
Matthew as Performer, Tradent, Scribe
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael
Published: December 2017

This is a review essay of Alan Kirk’s lnts monograph, Q in Matthew: Ancient Media, Memory, and Early Scribal Transmission of the Jesus Tradition (Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2016).
External Politics—Internal Rivalries
Authors: Péteri György
Published: December 2017

In this article, the author discusses two episodes in the history of Hungarian communist era social scientific research where changes occurring within the academic field had major tremors of momentous political change as their background. The first case is the breakthrough of an empiricist research program in economics in 1954–56, no doubt enabled and conditioned by the New Course following Stalin’s death. The second case is the purge in social theory and sociology (the so-called “Philosophers’ Process”) in the first half of the 1970s propelled by the conservative backlash in high politics in the wake of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The main objective of the article is to explain the seeming paradox that in these two seemingly opposite kinds of cases (the one in the mid-1950s was about the emancipation of the field from under the yoke of Stalinist ideology, while the one in the early 1970s was undoubtedly a case of political repression) the transformation of the field was reasoned about and justified with the same positivist scientific ethos of a politically and ideologically unbiased, “value-free” science.
Memory Practices: The Red and White Terrors in Hungary as Remembered after 1990
Authors: Bodó Béla
Published: December 2017

This article examines the memory of the Red and White Terrors as they relate to public monuments after the collapse of state socialism. It shows how the memory of political violence has been exploited and instrumentalized by various actors to achieve political and cultural ends, and the role of civic organizations and private individuals in keeping the memory of these two key events in Hungarian history alive. Finally, the article discusses the commoditization of memory and memory practices in the last fifteen years, and the role of the Red and White Terror in identity politics.
Implementing the London Dumping Convention in East Asia
Authors: Zou Keyuan , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2017

In 1972, the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) was negotiated. It is a global treaty, for the first time, to regulate dumping of waste at sea worldwide. Following this global endeavor, the Protocol to the London Convention (London Protocol) was later agreed to further modernize the London Convention so as to reinforce the management of dumping of waste at sea. While in East Asia, only China, Japan, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Philippines have acceded to the Convention and its Protocol, other countries do not show their willingness to sign them. Against this background, this article will address the responses of these East Asian states to the implementation of the London Convention, and analyze and assess their relevant laws and regulations with particular reference to China’s practice. In addition, it will focus on new challenges, such as offshore carbon storage, to the London Convention.
Burgeoning Practice of Southeast Asian States to Protect the Marine Environment from the Effects of International Shipping
Authors: McCreath Millicent
Published: December 2017

The marine environment of Southeast Asia is amongst the most ecologically important in the world. A substantial volume of international shipping passes through the region which can have a deleterious effect on the environment due to impacts including operational and accidental discharges, collisions and groundings. Recently Malaysia, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines have introduced or commenced work towards proposals for special measures to be adopted by the International Maritime Organization (imo) targeting the risks of shipping. These proposed special measures are in the form of “particularly sensitive sea areas” (pssas), and are being developed under a cooperation program between the imo and the Norwegian aid organisation (Norad). This article analyses the pssa proposals currently underway or recently finalised by Malaysia, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines, and the legal framework for the establishment and implementation of measures for environmental protection under the law of the sea and the imo.
Cytotaxonomy of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) subgenera Cyathophora and Amerallium sect. Bromatorrhiza
Authors: LI MIN-JIE , GUO XIAN-LIN , LI JUAN , ZHOU SONG-DONG , LIU QING , HE XING-JIN
Published: December 2017

In the present study, we examined the karyotype data of subg. Cyathophora and sect. Bromatorrhiza, to determine some disputed karyotypes (e.g., A. spicatum and A. fasciculatum), and further to estimate the karyotype evolution along their phylogenetic frameworks. Our results revealed a fairly stable basic chromosome number (x = 8) in subg. Cyathophora, and we therefore revised x = 8 as the basic chromosome number of A. spicatum, rather than x = 10 mostly due to misidentifications concerning A. fasciculatum. The karyotype asymmetry analyses for subg. Cyathophora indicated that, the karyotype evolution for diploid species showing a high karyotype similarity was mainly due to intrachromosomal changes, while the interchromosomal changes were linked to the evolution of tetraploid populations. However, indeed different dysploid basic chromosome numbers (x = 7, 10, 11) and greatly different karyotype patterns occurred in sect. Bromatorrhiza, corresponding to the subsections revealed by molecular evidence. The combined evidence suggested that species with x = 11 compose a segmental allotriploid complex. It was also indicated that karyotype pattern of polyploids usually is closely related with  their diploid progenitors.
Revision of F. K. Meyer’s herbarium from Albania
Authors: BARINA ZOLTÁN
Published: December 2017

Herbarium specimens collected by F. K. Meyer in Albania have been studied and revised. As a result of the revisions of the holotype specimens – Campanula latifolioides should be treated as synonym of Campanula trichocalycina, Chamaecytisus mitrushii as synonym of Chamaecytisus purpureus, Euphorbia cikaea as synonym of Euphorbia herniariifolia, Genista albanica as synonym of Anthyllis hermanniae, Medicago coerulescens as synonym of Medicago disciformis and Seseli angustum as synonym of Carum graecum. Twenty-one taxa are erroneously reported from the country (Acer opalus, Allium pallens subsp. tenuifolium, Anchusa arvensis subsp. orientalis, Arbutus ×andrachnoides, Arum longispathum, Brachypodium phoenicoides, Bupleurum baldense and subsp. gussonei, Cardamine chelidonia, Carex appropinquata, Carex hispida, Dianthus biflorus, Glyceria arundinacea, Lonicera glutinosa, Onosma halacsyi, Orobanche aegyptiaca, Orobanche oxyloba, Plantago maritima subsp. serpentina, Stachys parolinii, Stipa endotricha and Valeriana crinii subsp. epirotica), including Bupleurum baldense, Carduus carduelis, Erysimum diffusum, Salix serpillifolia, Senecio gallicus and Stellaria palustris which have preceding reports also. Two species are erroneously reported or questionable (Orchis militaris and Thymus leucotrichus) and 12 taxa are proposed to treat as questionably occur in Albania (Achillea seidlii, Chamaecytisus supinus, Dianthus giganteus, Echinops spinosissimus, Euphorbia villosa, Jovibarba globifera, (and subsp. hirta), Koeleria pyramidata, Saxifraga scardica, Sideritis scardica, Viola alba and Viola epirota).
A new species of Microkayla (Anura: Craugastoridae: Holoadeninae)
from Department La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: DE LA RIVA IGNACIO , CORTEZ CLAUDIA , BURROWES PATRICIA A.
Published: December 2017

We describe a new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Microkayla from the Cordillera Real of the Bolivian Andes, in the Department of La Paz. The new species, Microkayla huayna sp. nov., is closely related to M. teqta and can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its brown dorsal skin and the presence of a large dark brown vocal sac in males. This is the second species of Microkayla known from the Zongo Valley, and the ninth in the Cordillera Real, contributing to a total of 22 described species in Bolivia. Given its small distribution range, we recommend to considering it as Vulnerable according to IUCN criteria.
Two new species of Afrodacarellus (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaridae) from Brazil and a key to the world species of the genus
Authors: SANTOS MARCIA D. DOS , CASTILHO RAPHAEL C. , DE MORAES GILBERTO J. , SILVA EDMILSON S.
Published: December 2017

Within a project to determine the edaphic predatory mites from the Brazilian Alagoas state, two new species of Afrodacarellus Hurlbutt (Rhodacaridae) were found, namely Afrodacarellus alagoensis Santos & Castilho n. sp. and Afrodacarellus xucurukariri Santos & Castilho n. sp.. These are here described based on the morphology of adult females. A key for the separation of females of the 31 recognisable world species of Afrodacarellus is provided, including the newly described species.
The Centennial Variation of El Niño Impact on Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Yang Ruixin , Fairley Allison , Park Wonsun
Published: December 2017

Predicting tropical cyclone (TC) activity becomes more important every year while the understanding of what factors impact them continues to be complicated. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the primary factors impacting the activities in both the Pacific and the Atlantic, but an extensive examination of the fluctuation in this system has yet to be studied in its entirety. This article analyzes the ENSO impacts on the Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during the assessed warm and cold years to show the dominant centennial-scale variation impact. This study looks to plausibly link this variation to the Southern Ocean centennial variability, which is rarely mentioned in any factors affecting the Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. This centennial variability could be used to enhance future work related to predicting tropical cyclones.
Testing the Sensitivity of the Extratropical Response to the Location, Amplitude, and Propagation Speed of Tropical Convection
Authors: Goss Michael , Feldstein Steven B.
Published: December 2017

The dynamical core of a dry global model is used to investigate the role of central Pacific versus warm pool tropical convection on the extratropical response over the North Pacific and North America. A series of model runs is performed in which the amplitude of the warm pool (WP) and central Pacific (CP) heating anomalies associated with the MJO and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is systematically varied. In addition, model calculations based on each of the eight MJO phases are performed, first using stationary heating, and then with heating corresponding to a 48-day MJO cycle and to a 32-day MJO cycle.

In all model runs, the extratropical response to tropical convection occurs within 7–10 days of the convective heating. The response is very sensitive to the relative amplitude of the heating anomalies. For example, when heating anomalies in the WP and CP have similar amplitude but opposite sign, the amplitude of the extratropical response is much weaker than is typical for the MJO and ENSO. For the MJO, when the WP heating anomaly is much stronger than the CP heating anomaly (vice versa for ENSO), the extratropical response is amplified. For the MJO heating, it is found that the extratropical responses to phases 4 and 8 are most distinct. A likely factor contributing to this distinctiveness involves the relative amplitude of the two heating anomalies. The stationary and moving (48- and 32-day) heating responses are very similar, revealing a lack of sensitivity to the MJO phase speed.
Scale Interactions in Turbulence for Mountain Blowing Snow
Authors: Aksamit N. O. , Pomeroy J. W.
Published: December 2017

Blowing snow particle transport responds to wind motions across many length and time scales. This coupling is nonlinear by nature and complicated in atmospheric flows where eddies of many sizes are superimposed. In mountainous terrain, wind flow descriptions are further complicated by topographically influenced or enhanced flows. To improve the current understanding and modeling of blowing snow transport in complex terrain, statistically significant timing and frequencies of wind–snow coupling were identified in high-frequency observations of surface blowing snow and near-surface turbulence from a mountain field site in the Canadian Rockies. Investigation of the mechanisms influencing near-surface, high-frequency turbulence and snow concentration fluctuations provided strong evidence for amplitude modulation from large-scale motions. The large-scale atmospheric motions modulating near-surface turbulence and snow transport were then compared to specific quadrant analysis structures recently identified as relevant for outdoor blowing snow transport. The results suggest that large atmospheric structures modulate the amplitude of high-frequency turbulence and modify turbulence statistics typically used to model blowing snow. Additionally, blowing snow was preferentially redistributed under the footprint of these same sweep motions, with both low- and high-frequency coherence increasing in their presence.
Historical Contestants: African American Documentary Traditions in On the Shoulders of Giants
Authors: Sheppard Samantha N.
Published: December 2017

This case study of Deborah Morales’s On the Shoulders of Giants: The Story of the Greatest Team You’ve Never Heard Of (2011) examines African American documentary’s relationship to sports documentaries. On the Shoulders of Giants chronicles the experiences and cultural impact of the “Harlem Rens,” the first all-Black professional basketball team. Grounding the documentary in African American documentary film and video traditions, I explore how specific authorial, aesthetic, and representational practices and politics shape and structure the film’s historical interventions. Just as the documentary centers the Rens’s embodied (athletic and social) experiences, my study of these practices and politics privileges the real, represented, and referenced Black body/bodies in the film as a critical site of analysis for such interventions. In doing so, I read the Black sporting body as an expressive, communicative body with “critical muscle memory,” an embodied history represented on screen that goes beyond the film’s diegesis, that engages social issues, conditions, and changes specific to Black lived and imagined experiences. In turn, I suggest that Black sports documentaries are discourses that document, are indicative of, and construct critical muscle memory.
Investigating Interviewer Falsifications – A Quasi-experimental Design
Authors: Landrock Uta
Published: December 2017

This paper discusses the strengths and limitations of experimentally-orientated research in sociology. In principal, results from experiments cannot be generalized. Nevertheless they allow controlling for certain conditions that are impossible to measure during a survey. This paper gives an example: It presents findings from a quasi-experimental research on interviewer falsifications. Interviewers conducted real standardized interviews and subsequently falsified corresponding interviews in the lab. This enables a comparison of real and falsified survey data. Our research design has the limitation that there is no proof that actual falsifiers in an actual survey fieldwork environment would have falsified interviews in the same way as did the participants of our study. However, only this quasi-experimental approach allows us to know for sure which interviews are falsified.
Personalized SMS, Survey Participation and Data quality – The Italian Case
Authors: Respi Chiara , Sala Emanuela
Published: December 2017

A number of papers have found that personalization of salutations in e-mail communications may lead to higher response rates. Given their widespread use, Short Text Messages (SMS) may also be useful contact modes in surveys. Using experimental data from an online survey on Italian graduates, this work intends to evaluate the impact of personalized SMS salutations on response and measurement error. We find evidence that personalization has a positive impact on response rates and some indication that it may lead to better survey data. Limitations and implications of the study are also discussed.
“Traveling Codes” Leuphana Workshop – 30-31 March 2017
Authors: Vigni Fabrizio Li
Published: December 2017

This note reports on the two-day workshop on environmental sciences, “Traveling Codes”, held at Leuphana University in Lüneburg, Germany. The metaphor of Traveling Codes is “to make sense of what happens when climate science travels – whether in the form of mobile scientific tools, models, and software codes, circulating data sets and standards”. Participants came from philosophy, sociology, history, and geography, although climate science, hydrology, marine science were the main environmental sciences studied. Historical, policy making, management, and interdisciplinary issues were discussed, but for the next meetings of this network, it would be desirable if the members included other objects of study, such as climatic adaptation measures, the geoengineering debate, and alternative ways of living and producing.
Study of Vis-NIR and NIR spectral data of black inkjet prints using principal component analysis for forensic discrimination
Authors: Oravec Michal , Gál Lukáš , Čeppan Michal
Published: December 2017

The aim of this work was to prepare spectral data for principal component analysis and to examine 19 samples of six different brands. Samples consisted of the same type of office paper with black areas printed in black ink only. The spectral data were acquired by fibre optics reflection spectroscopy in Vis-NIR and only NIR (Vis-NIR FORS) directly on paper. The black inkjet-printed samples were analysed with regard to the forensic analysis of documents. The method used is based on the combination of molecular spectroscopy in the visible (Vis) and near infrared region (NIR) combined with a chemometric method, – principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA method divides the inkjet inks sample into clusters. It was found out that by a combination of spectrum pre-processing methods and principal component analysis, it is possible to separate inks containing carbon black from the other inks using other organic colourants. This method appears to be a useful tool for forensic examination of printed documents containing inkjet inks. Spectra of inkjet inks were acquired without any destructive or invasive procedure, for example cutting sample or for extraction with the possibility to measure out of the laboratory.
UNEQ – An intuitive probabilistic method for class-modelling approaches
Authors: Oliveri Paolo
Published: December 2017

UNEQ is a parametric probabilisic class-modelling technique that makes use of the Hotelling's T2 distribution and can be considered as the modelling version of quadratic discriminant analysis. The class of interest is described by an elliptical space built around the barycentre of training data points of the class, namely the centroid vector. Orientation and eccentricity of the elliptical class space, respectively, describe correlation between the variables and their dispersion, while the width of the class space is determined according to the critical value of Hotelling’s T2 statistics at a pre-determined confidence level.
Multipoint NIR spectroscopy for simultaneous analyses of dairy products – Part B: Quantification
Authors: Cama-Moncunill Raquel , Dixit Yash , Cama-Moncunill Xavier , Casado-Gavalda Maria P , Markiewicz-Keszycka Maria , Cullen Patrick J , Sullivan Carl
Published: December 2017

This article constitutes the second part of the study multipoint NIR spectroscopy for simultaneous analyses of dairy products. The overall purpose was to assess the suitability of a multipoint NIR approach as an on/in-line tool for simultaneous monitoring of various quality control parameters. In this part, a multipoint NIR system capable of recording 4 spectra concurrently was tested for simultaneous casein determinations of casein-lactose blends. To this end, spectral acquisition was performed so that two sample blends were scanned at a time. Evaluation of the concurrently-recorded spectra together with the partial least squares (PLS) results demonstrated that the system holds potential for simultaneous compositional analysis of dairy powders.
Classification of fish meal produced in China and Peru by online near infrared spectroscopy with characteristic wavelength variables
Authors: Shen Guanghui , Han Lujia , Fan Xia , Liu Xian , Cao Yaoyao , Yang Zengling
Published: December 2017

Online near infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with characteristic wavelength variables was used to establish a fast and nondestructive analytical method for the classification of fish meal produced in China and Peru. In this study, 117 fish meal samples (47 from China and 70 from Peru) were scanned in the spectral range of 1000–2500 nm by the online near infrared spectroscopy instrument applied on the conveyor belt. The K–S (Kennard–Stone) method was used for the division of samples into calibration and validation sets. Principal component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis were applied to classify fish meal samples. The results showed that the discrimination accuracies with calibration and validation set samples were 100% and 89.74%, respectively, for the partial least square discriminant analysis model using the full spectrum after the optimimal spectral pre-treatment. Then competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the characteristic wavelength variables for partial least square discriminant analysis model analysis, and the discrimination accuracy for the validation set increased to 94.87%. All the results indicated that online near infrared spectroscopy combined with characteristic wavelength variables could be used for discriminating fish meal samples produced in different places, which offers feed purchasers an effective, reliable, and real-time analysis method for the identification and authentication of the commercial fish meal product.
Calibration transfer across near infrared spectrometers for measuring hematocrit in the blood of grazing cattle
Authors: Luo Xuan , Ikehata Akifumi , Sashida Kunio , Piao Shanji , Okura Tsutomu , Terada Yutaka
Published: December 2017

For fast diagnosis of anemia for cattle farmed on pastures, portable short wavelength near infrared spectrometer instrument was built, and the feasibility of estimating hematocrit by partial least squares regression modeling was validated in our previous work. As a follow-up, the present study reports calibration transfer from one master instrument to two slave instruments. Different approaches, i.e. making robust models, skew and bias correction, and piecewise direct standardization, were compared. Our results show that making more use of simple models based on appropriate preprocessing, number of latent variables, and wavelength selection, can sometimes be as effective as applying standardization algorithm (e.g. piecewise direct standardization) when tackling the spectral differences between instruments. The importance of a robust model during the process of calibration transfer is shown. Application of standardization such as piecewise direct standardization could be risky when the model to be transferred is not robust enough.
Biobanks as a Central Part of the Finnish Growth and Genomic Strategies: How to Balance Privacy in an Innovation Ecosystem?
Authors: Soini Sirpa
Published: December 2017

Finland has aimed to make itself an international leader in genomic research and related business and, in working towards that goal, has enacted biobank legislation. The Biobank Act requires biobanks to gain approval, be supervised, and register at the national level. Numerous other laws may also apply in any given research setting, such as the Personal Data Act, the Medical Research Act, and the Act on Medical Use of Human Organs and Tissues. In terms of privacy protection, anonymization is generally not permitted under Finnish law and therefore most biobanks pseudonomize data and samples. However, the broad understanding of what is identifiable data in Finland has created difficulties in sharing with non-EU countries. Furthermore, consent to biobank research is only applicable to the sample and related data, not to data stored in other health-related registries, and consent is only to the field of research for that particular biobank. These restrictions impede the sharing of samples and data for research.
Privacy Laws and Biobanking in Germany
Authors: Hoppe Nils
Published: December 2017

While the possibility of enacting a sui generis Biobank Act has been debated in Germany at great length, as of yet the country has not implemented any biobankspecific legislation. Instead, oversight is available via a network of research and privacy laws, including those of the European Union. The Nationale Kohorte, Germany's large-scale, population-based epidemiological research biobank, is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and there are currently 108 registered bio-banks throughout Germany. The current system, including the structure and study design of the Nationale Kohorte, privileges the protection of personal information even at the cost of socially desirable research; it remains to be seen if forthcoming legislation will shift this balance.
Mexican Regulation of Biobanks
Authors: Motta-Murguia Lourdes , Saruwatari-Zavala Garbiñe
Published: December 2017

Biobank-based research in Mexico is mostly governed by research and data protection laws. There is no direct mention of biobanks in either statutory or regulatory law besides a requirement that the Federal Ministry of Health and a Mexican institution devoted to scientific research approve the transfer of biological materials outside of Mexico for population genetics research purposes. Such requirements are the basis of Genomic Sovereignty in Mexico, but such requirements have not prevented international collaboration. In addition, Mexican law singles out genetic research in informed consent provisions, but it does not specify whether all biobank-based research is genetic research. In order to facilitate international collaboration on biobank-based research, Mexico should directly address biobanking in its laws, building on the research framework and data protection framework already in place.
Comparative Approaches to Biobanks and Privacy
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Harrell Heather L.
Published: December 2017

Laws in the 20 jurisdictions studied for this project display many similar approaches to protecting privacy in biobank research. Although few have enacted biobank-specific legislation, many countries address biobanking within other laws. All provide for some oversight mechanisms for biobank research, even though the nature of that oversight varies between jurisdictions. Most have some sort of controlled access system in place for research with biobank specimens. While broad consent models facilitate biobanking, countries without national or federated biobanks have been slow to adopt broad consent. International guidelines have facilitated sharing and generally take a proportional risk approach, but many countries have provisions guiding international sharing and a few even limit international sharing. Although privacy laws may not prohibit international collaborations, the multi-prong approach to privacy unique to each jurisdiction can complicate international sharing. These symposium issues can serve as a resource for explaining the sometimes intricate privacy laws in each studied jurisdiction, outlining the key issues with regards to privacy and biobanking, and serving to describe a framework for the process of harmonization of privacy laws.
The Forced Marriage of Minors: A Neglected Form of Child Abuse
Authors: Kopelman Loretta M.
Published: December 2017

The forced marriage of minors is child abuse, consequently duties exist to stop them. Yet over 14 million forced marriages of minors occur annually in developing countries. The American Bar Association (ABA) concludes that the problem in the US is significant, widespread but largely ignored, and that few US laws protect minors from forced marriages. Although their best chance of rescue often involves visits to health care providers, US providers show little awareness of this growing problem. Strategies discussed to stop forced marriages include recommendations from the UN, the ABA, and the UK. The author anticipates and responds to criticisms that first, no duty to intervene exists without better laws and practice guidelines; and second, that such marriages are not child abuse in traditions where parental rights or familism allegedly justify them.
The New Federalism: State Policies Regarding Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Authors: Acosta Nefi D. , Golub Sidney H.
Published: December 2017

Stem cell policy in the United States is an amalgam of federal and state policies. The scientific development of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) triggered a contentious national stem cell policy debate during the administration of President George W. Bush. The Bush “compromise” that allowed federal funding to study only a very limited number of ESC derived cell lines did not satisfy either the researchers or the patient advocates who saw great medical potential being stifled. Neither more restrictive legislation nor expansion of federal funding proved politically possible and the federal impasse opened the door for a variety of state-based experiments. In 2004, California became the largest and most influential state venture into stem cell research by passing “Prop 71,” a voter initiative that created a new stem cell agency and funded it with $3 billion. Several states followed suit with similar programs to protect the right of investigators to do stem cell research and in some cases to invest state funding in such projects. Other states devised legislation to restrict stem cell research and in five states, criminal penalties were included. Thus, the US stem cell policy is a patchwork of multiple, often conflicting, state and federal policies.
Informed Consent, Body Property, and Self-Sovereignty
Authors: Rao Radhika
Published: December 2017

Recent cases involving biosamples taken from indigenous tribes and newborn babies reveal the emptiness of informed consent. This venerable doctrine often functions as a charade, a collective fiction which thinly masks the uncomfortable fact that the subjects of human research are not actually afforded full information regarding the types of research that may be contemplated, nor do they provide meaningful consent. But if informed consent fails to provide adequate protection to the donors of biological materials, why not turn to principles of property law? Property is power, yet current law permits everyone except for those who donate biological materials to possess property rights. The reluctance to invoke property probably stems from fears of resurrecting slavery and the commodification of human beings. But ironically, avoidance of property transforms the subjects of human research into objects that can be owned only by others, resulting in new forms of oppression and exploitation. Human research subjects are autonomous individuals who should not only possess the power to contribute their biological materials, but also the right to help control the course of research, and to share in the resulting benefits or profits. Conferring body property might enable research subjects to regain power and a measure of self-sovereignty.
Lowering the Age of Consent: Pushing Back against the Anti-Vaccine Movement
Authors: Whelan Allison M.
Published: December 2017

This article examines the rise of the anti-vaccination movement, the proliferation of laws allowing parental exemptions to mandatory school vaccines, and the impact of the movement on immunization rates for all vaccines. It uses the ongoing debate about the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine as an example to highlight the ripple effect and consequences of the anti-vaccine movement despite robust evidence of the vaccine's safety and efficacy. The article scrutinizes how state legislatures ironically promote vaccination while simultaneously deferring to the opposition by promulgating broad opt-outs from mandatory vaccine laws. This article concludes by offering an alternative legislative approach to specifically combat the anti-vaccine movement's impact on HPV vaccination rates. Lowering the age of consent has not been widely attempted or proposed and provides an alternative statutory mechanism to push back against vaccine resistance.
Current Practices and the Provider Perspectives on Inconclusive Genetic Test Results for Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children with Unexplained Fractures: ELSI Implications
Authors: Youngblom Emily , Murray Mitzi Leah , Byers Peter H.
Published: December 2017

Genetic testing can be used to determine if unexplained fractures in children could have resulted from a predisposition to bone fractures, e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta. However, uncertainty is introduced if a variant of unknown significance (VUS) is identified. Proper interpretation of VUS in these situations is critical because of its influence on clinical care and in court rulings. This study sought to understand how VUS are interpreted and used by practitioners when there is a differential diagnosis including both osteogenesis imperfecta and non-accidental injury.

A 15-question survey was emailed to physicians who requested analysis of two genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2, from the University of Washington from 2005-2013 for patient cases involving suspicion of child abuse.

Among the 89 participants, responses differed about when genetic testing should be ordered for osteogenesis imperfecta, who should be consulted about utilization of VUS test results, follow-up procedures, and who should receive the VUS results.

There are no clear guidelines for how to interpret and follow up on VUS. In the legal setting, misinterpreted VUS could lead to unintended consequences and deleterious ramifications for family members. The need for better practice guidelines to help promote more equitable handling of these sensitive legal cases is clear.
U.S. State Ignition Interlock Laws for Alcohol Impaired Driving Prevention: A 50 State Survey and Analysis
Authors: Shulman-Laniel Juliana , Vernick Jon S. , McGinty Beth , Frattaroli Shannon , Rutkow Lainie
Published: December 2017

Objectives:

Over the past two decades, all U.S. states have incorporated alcohol ignition interlock technology into sentencing laws for individuals convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI). This article provides the first 50-state summary of these laws to include changes in the laws over time and their effective dates. This information is critical for policy makers to make informed decisions and for researchers to conduct quantitative evaluation of the laws.

Methods:

Standard legal research and legislative history techniques were used, including full-text searches in the Westlaw legal database and identification of state session laws. Because ignition interlock device (IID) laws often change over time, we identified the date of each law's initial enactment as well as the effective date of each law in its current form.

Results:

Beginning with California and Washington in 1987, all 50 states have enacted IID laws as a sentencing option for DWI offenders. Initially, most of these laws were discretionary. Today, however, 48 states mandate IID installation for at least some types of DWI offenders to maintain lawful driving privileges. Of these, 27 mandate an IID for all offenders; seven mandate an IID for repeat offenders only; and 21 for some combination of specific groups of DWI offenders, including repeat offenders, offenders with a blood alcohol content above a legislatively-specified level, and aggravated offenders (including those who harm someone else or who are convicted of a DWI with a child in the vehicle).

Conclusion:

States have wrestled with a number of IID policy issues, including for whom to mandate IIDs and whether to suspend a license for DWI prior to reinstating driving privileges with or without an IID. By understanding how state interlock laws differ, policy makers and researchers can ultimately better ascertain the impact of these laws.
Bridging Health Disparity Gaps through the Use of Medical Legal Partnerships in Patient Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martinez Omar , Boles Jeffrey , Muñoz-Laboy Miguel , Levine Ethan C. , Ayamele Chukwuemeka , Eisenberg Rebecca , Manusov Justin , Draine Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Over the past two decades, we have seen an increase in the use of medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) in health-care and/or legal settings to address health disparities affecting vulnerable populations. MLPs increase medical teams' capacity to address social and environmental threats to patients' health, such as unsafe housing conditions, through partnership with legal professionals. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically reviewed observational studies published from January 1993-January 2016 to investigate the capacity of MLPs to address legal and health disparities. We identified 13 articles for qualitative analysis from an initial pool of 355 records. The resulting pool of 13 articles revealed more information regarding the capacity of MLPs to address legal outcomes than their capacity to address health outcomes; only 4 studies directly addressed the impact of MLP intervention on patient wellbeing and/or patient utilization of healthcare services. We call for further evaluation/longitudinal studies that specifically address MLPs' short and long term effects upon patient health disparities. Finally, given the demonstrated capacity of MLPs to address unmet legal needs, and their evident potential in regards to improving health outcomes, we present the MLP model as a framework to address HIV-related legal and health disparities.
Simultaneous determination of metolazone and valsartan in plasma by on-line SPE coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Jiezhao , Chen Meiling , Li Ying , Yu Fanglin , Cheng Xiaohui , Yang Yang , Liu Yan , Xie Xiangyang , Li Zhiping , Zhang Hui , Mei Xingguo
Published: December 2017

Combination of metolazone (0.5 mg) and valsartan (80 mg) has been verified as a promising therapy treatment for hypertension. In order to facilitate to pharmacokinetic research, it needs a method for the simultaneously determination of metolazone and valsartan in biological samples. However, there are no relative reports so far. In order to facilitate to pharmacokinetic research, an on-line solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of metolazone and valsartan in beagle dog plasma was developed and validated in this study. An on-line solid phase extraction column Retain PEP Javelin (10 mm × 2.1 mm) was used to remove impurities in plasma samples. The metolazone, valsartan and internal standard (losartan) were separated on a Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 50 mm × 2.7 µm) with a gradient elution procedure. Acidified acetonitrile/water mixture was used as a mobile phase. The selected multiple-reaction monitoring mode in positive ion was performed and the parent to the product transitions m/z 366/259, m/z 436.2/291 and m/z 423.4/207 were used to measure the metolazone, valsartan and losartan. The method was linear over the range of 0.1–100 ng/mL and 1–1000 ng/mL for metolazone and valsartan, respectively. This method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and stability and then successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of the metolazone and valsartan combination tablets in beagle dogs.