bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiogenic Vaginal Angiosarcoma: a Clinical Case
Authors: Menshikov K. V. , Pushkarev A. V. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Pushkarev V. A. , Sharifgaliev I. A.
Published: July 2020

Background. Vaginal sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Incidence rate of vulvar and vaginal sarcomas ranges from 1 to 3%. Vaginal sarcomas are usually represented by leiomyosarcomas in reproductive-age women. More seldom are soft tissue fibrosarcomas, angiosarcomas, malignant fi brous histiocytomas and alveolar soft tissue sarcomas. Tumours induced by prior radiation therapy deserve special concern. In oncogynaecology, radiation therapy is commonly applied in cervical and endometrial cancer therapy. According to some evidence, average development time of a secondary tumour after completion of radiation therapy is 10.8 years. The relative risk of vaginal cancer increases by a factor of 300 after radiation therapy.

Materials and methods. The reported clinical case represents a rare vaginal tumour, angiosarcoma, developed 26 years after radiation therapy for gynaecological cancer.

Results and discussion. A 78 years-old patient underwent combined tumourectomy of the posterior vaginal wall with resection of the anterior rectal wall and application of preventive transversostoma. No postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment is a method of choice with patients of such kind and allows local containment of the disease.
PENENTUAN PUSAT PELAYANAN PERKOTAAN DI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG
Authors: Apriana Mita , Rudiarto Iwan
Published: July 2020

As a developing region, the problem of inequality development is a challenge for Tanjungpinang City so that the determination of centre place is the most important to do. The objective of this study is to identify areas in Tanjungpinang that have the potential as a central place. Quantitative approach was applied with central place, scalogram, and spatial interaction analysis as the assessment tools. The results indicate that Tanjungpinang Timur district has the potential as a central place in Tanjungpinang City which has 23 types of service facilities and totalling 550 units. It influenced on the strength of spatial interaction among districts in Tanjungpinang City. The highest spatial interaction value is Tanjungpinang Timur district of 236,428,545 and the lowest is Tanjungpinang Kota District of 21,002,925. These results can be a consideration for the local governments to determining the direction of regional development. By optimizing central places, the issue of development inequality in Tanjungpinang City can be avoided.Keywords: scalogram; christaller; Marshall Index; central place; Tanjungpinang  Sebagai wilayah yang sedang berkembang, permasalahan kesenjangan dan ketidakmerataan pembangunan menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi Kota Tanjungpinang sehingga penentuan pusat pelayanan perkotaan menjadi hal yang penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah di Kota Tanjungpinang yang berpotensi sebagai pusat pelayanan perkotaan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis orde perkotaan berdasarkan teori tempat pusat/central place, yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis skalogram dan analisis interaksi keruangan. Hasil analisis menyatakan pusat pelayanan utama di Kota Tanjungpinang berada di Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur, memiliki 23 jenis fasilitas pelayanan sebanyak 550 unit, dengan nilai interaksi keruangan tertinggi sebesar 236,428,545, sedangkan yang memiliki nilai interaksi terendah adalah Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota sebesar 21,002,925. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan pemerintah daerah untuk mengoptimalkan pusat-pusat pelayanan dalam menentukan arah pembangunan dan pengembangan wilayah, agar isu kesenjangan dan ketidakmerataan pembangunan di Kota Tanjungpinang dapat dihindari.Kata Kunci: skalogram, indeks sentralitas Marshall, pusat pelayanan, Tanjungpinang
PEMANFAATAN FOTO UDARA FORMAT KECIL UNTUK PEMETAAN BIDANG TANAH DI SUB DAS BOMPON
Authors: Fariz Trida Ridho , Jatmiko Retnadi Heru , Mei Estuning Tyas Wulan , Arnanto Ardhi , Ramlah Ramlah , Ramadhan Muhammad Fauzan
Published: July 2020

Remote sensing technology such as small format aerial photography (SFAP) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone can be a solution in accelerating the land parcel mapping in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the level of geometric and planimetric accuracy of SFAP data output in land parcel mapping and describe the step of data processing. The results showed that in land parcel mapping, the main SFAP output data is orthophoto. Therefore, the processing should not need to do the dense cloud process, the orthophoto build process can use DEM from sparse cloud for time efficiency and reduce the relief displacement effect. The orthophoto geometry accuracy is CE90 of 0.44, so it is very well used for mapping 1: 2500 scale, while DSM has a LE90 value of 2.80. Planimetry accuracy of the land parcel distance has met the tolerance standard, while planimetry accuracy of the land parcel area there is 1 parcel that does not meet the tolerance standard. However, in general, SFAP can be used as a basis for land parcel mapping in slightly hilly areas such as Bompon watershed.Keywords:     Small format aerial photo, land parcel, geometric accuracy, planimetric accuracy Teknologi penginderaan jauh seperti foto udara format kecil (FUFK) dari pesawat nir awak bisa menjadi solusi dalam percepatan pemetaan bidang tanah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketelitian geometrik dan planimetrik data keluaran FUFK dalam pemetaan bidang tanah serta mendeskripsikan tahapan-tahapan pengolahan datanya. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa dalam pemetaan bidang tanah, data keluaran FUFK yang utama adalah ortofoto. Oleh karena itu sebaiknya proses pengolahan tidak perlu melakukan proses dense cloud, proses build orthophoto bisa menggunakan DEM dari sparse cloud untuk efisiensi waktu serta mengurangi efek relief displacement. Ketelitian geometri ortofoto yaitu CE90 sebesar 0,44, sehingga sangat baik digunakan untuk pemetaan skala 1:2500, sedangkan DSM memiliki nilai LE90 sebesar 2,80. Ketelitian planimetrik terhadap jarak bidang tanah telah memenuhi standar toleransi, sedangkan ketelitian planimetrik terhadap luas bidang tanah terdapat 1 bidang yang tidak memenuhi standar toleransi. Walaupun begitu, secara umum FUFK bisa digunakan sebagai dasar pemetaan bidang tanah di wilayah yang sedikit berbukit seperti Sub DAS Bompon.Kata Kunci:  Foto udara format kecil, bidang tanah, ketelitian geometrik, ketelitian planimetrik.
PREVIEW: Tonga needs Pōhiva’s message so kingdom can move forward
Authors: Cass Philip , Field Michael
Published: July 2020

THE LATE Tongan Prime Minister ‘Akilisi Pōhiva was a clear visioned man whose message was still current, according to veteran Pacific journalist Michael Field. Field, who is writing a biography of Pōhiva, says a book about his life will be useful to the kingdom. Tongans needed Pōhiva’s message, he said (Field, 2020).
Dinler Tarihi dersinde sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü uygulamasına ilahiyat öğrencilerinin bakışı: Hatay örneği
Authors: DÖLEK İlbey
Published: July 2020

Sanal Gerçeklik, gerçek ya da hayali dünyanın bilgisayarda bir simülasyonudur. Sanal gerçeklik genellikle çok çeşitli uygulamaları tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi son yıllarda eğitimde sıkça kullanılmaya devam etmesine rağmen bu teknoloji daha önce Dinler Tarihi dersinde uygulanmadığı görülmektedir. Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin geleneksel öğrenme paradigmalarına önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı görüşündeyiz. Bu çalışmada; son yıllarda teknolojinin eğitimde uygulanması konusunda yenilikçi uygulamalardan biri olan sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü ile Dinler Tarihi dersinin işlenmesinde İlahiyat öğrencilerinin yaklaşımları ve görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilere hem sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü ile dersin işlenmesine yönelik geliştirilen tutum ölçeği uygulanmış hem de öğrencilerin kişisel görüşleri nitel veri olarak değerlendirme imkânı sağlayacak sorular yöneltilmiştir. Araştırmaya Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat fakültesinde okuyan ve Dinler Tarihi dersi alan 35 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrenciler uygulama sayesinde farklı dinlerin mabetlerini ve kutsal mekânlarını sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü ile görme imkânı elde etmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 veri analiz programı yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin Dinler Tarihi tutum ölçeğinden elde edilen ön ve son test puanları arasındaki farklılıklar, Bağımlı Gruplar Testi ile analiz edilmiş ve elde edilen verilerde anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencileri, sanal gerçeklik uygulaması ile derse olan ilgilerinin ve öğrenme isteklerinin arttığını ifade etmişlerdir. Dinler Tarihi dersinin konusuna ve amacına uygun olarak sanal gerçeklik gözlüğü kullanımının uygun olduğu ve olumlu sonuçlardan hareketle benzer içeriğe sahip diğer derslerin işlenmesinde de kullanılmasının faydalı olacağı önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerinin, aktif öğrenmeyi benimsemeye ve uygulamaya motive etmede önemli gördükleri faktörlere yönelik görüşleri
Authors: HARUNOĞULLARI Serdar
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, aktif öğrenmeyi uygulayan Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerinin, aktif öğrenmeyi benimsemeye ve uygulamaya motive etmede önemli gördükleri faktörlere yönelik görüşlerini belirlemektir. Çalışma, 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında, farklı illerde görev yapan ve aktif öğrenmeyi uyguladığı belirlenen yedi Fen Bilimleri öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada amaçlı örneklem yöntemi uygulanmış, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu geçerlik güvenirlik çalışmaları gerçekleştirilerek kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde ise içerik analizi yöntemi türlerinden gömülü teori yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın analizi sonucunda, Fen Bilimleri öğretmenlerinin aktif öğrenmeyi uygulama nedenleri, onları aktif öğren-meye yönelten en önemli faktör/faktörler ve aktif öğrenmeyi uygulamaya nasıl başladıkları temaları ortaya çıkmıştır.﻿
The effect of first and second language on the third language: An observational study
Authors: DEMİRAY AKBULUT Fatma
Published: July 2020

In recent years, some studies have been conducted on the transfer of the first and second language to the third language in order to investigate cross-linguistic influence. This study aims to analyse the causes of cross-linguistic effects by examining the transfer of L1 and L2 during the L3 acquisition. A total of 7 individuals who learn Italian as L3 participated in the study. Individuals' attitudes in the classroom, writing examples and classroom conversations were examined, their opinions were taken and the effects of L1 and L2 on L3 were examined. The study results show that the more learned languages are typologically close, the easier it is to learn. It also demonstrates that there is no exact evidence in transfer between languages.
PEMODELAN PERILAKU KERUNTUHAN BALOK TINGGI AKIBAT PENURUNAN PONDASI DI ATAS TANAH LUNAK KOTA BANJARMASIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA 3D
Authors: Anggarini Elia , Muzaidi Irwandy
Published: July 2020

Proses penurunan pondasi diakibatkan oleh terkompresinya lapisan tanah di bawah pondasi akibat beban struktur. Secara umum terdapat dua jenis penurunan yaitu penurunan segera dan penurunan konsolidasi. Jumlah kedua jenis penurunan ini merupakan penurunan total yang terjadi. Tanah lunak/ lempung memiliki kedua jenis penurunan ini. Perilaku dan karakteristik balok tinggi sangat berbeda dengan perilaku dan karakteristik balok yang mempunyai perbandingan normal. Pada balok tinggi akan dominan terjadi keruntuhan geser, dimana keruntuhan bersifat getas tanpa adanya peringatan berupa lendutan yang berarti. Pada balok tinggi digunakan beton mutu sangat tinggi agar ketahanan serta kekakuan struktur lebih seimbang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mendalami materi yang relevan meliputi berbagai buku teks, jurnal ilmiah, peraturan  dan  Standar Nasional   maupun   Internasional,   membuat   permodelan   balok   tinggi   beton   bertulang   dengan menggunakan   software  ANSYS,   membuat   permodelan  balok  tinggi   dengan  variasi   penurunan pondasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan persamaan fungsi beban terhadap lendutan yang terjadi pada balok tinggi yang mengalami penurunan pondasi/ tumpuan dengan software ANSYS. Model tersebut adalah model EA.IM.BT.0, model EA.IM.BT.100, model EA.IM.BT.200, model EA.IM.BT.500 dan model EA.IM.BT.750 .
EVALUASI PENURUNAN PONDASI TANGKI MINYAK SESUAI API 653
Authors: Satiawan Budi , Raswitaningrum Tanjung Rahayu
Published: July 2020

Lapangan pengolahan minyak dan gas menyimpan banyak fasilitas peralatan berupa tangki pelat baja yang melayani penyimpanan fluida diantaranya berupa minyak. Beberapa masalah yang mungkin terjadi pada tangki yang telah beroperasi sekian lama adalah penurunan pada pondasi. Suatu tangki yang telah beroperasi sekitar 20 tahun terindikasi secara visual telah mengalami kemiringan. Indikasi awal terhadap kemiringan tersebut adalah telah terjadinya penurunan tidak seragam (differential settlement) pada pondasi tangki. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah tangki tersebut masih dapat digunakan dan dalam kondisi aman untuk dioperasikan atau memerlukan perbaikan. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi penurunan yang terjadi pada tangki tersebut sesuai metode analisis pada American Petroleum Institute (API) 653. API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and  Reconstruction, fifth edition memberikan rekomendasi metoda untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap penurunan tanah (settlement). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tangki di beberapa titik telah melebih batas penurunan maksimum sehingga diperlukan adanya perbaikan lebih lanjut.
ANALISIS KINERJA U-TURN (STUDI KASUS U-TURN DI ITC JALAN LETJEN SOEPONO, JAKARTA)
Authors: Prasetyo Harwidyo Eko , Santoso Tri
Published: July 2020

Jakarta merupakan ibu kota yang mengalami pertambahan penduduk sangat cepat setiap tahunnya, hal tersebut berpengaruh juga pada volume kendaraan yang ada di jalan raya kota Jakarta, salah satunya lalu lintas yang ada di Jalan Letjen Soepono (Arteri Permata Hijau) tepatnya di sebelah barat ITC Permata Hijau. Akses masuk ke ITC Permata Hijau dari arah timur serta penghuni maupun pengunjung Bellezza Apartemen yang akan keluar kearah timur akan bermanuver balik arah pada bukaan median jalan sisi sebelah barat, sehingga akan menimbulkan tundaan dan antrian pada kendaraan yang bergerak searah dengan arah kendaraan sebelum melakukan manuver berbalik arah maupun kendaraan pada jalur yang lain akibat dari manuver kendaraan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh manuver berbalik arah kendaraan terhadap kinerja jalan, dan menentukan tundaan operasional dari arus lalu lintas pada kedua arah , serta mengevaluasi karakteristik lalu lintas akibat U-Turn. Metode untuk acuan utama yaitu dengan menggunakan metode Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI ) tahun 1997. Hasil penelitian bahwa volume terbesar di ruas jalan Letjen Soepono (Arteri Permata Hijau) terjadi pada hari kerja 1 pukul 07.00 - 08.00 arah Kebon Jeruk - Simprug sebesar 4908.65 smp/jam dengan tingkat pelayanan jalan (Q/C) > 0,75. Kecepatan kendaraan terendah pada arus terganggu oleh U-Turn adalah 38,01 km/jam terjadi pada arah Kebon Jeruk - Simprug, hari kerja 2 antara pukul 07.00 - 08.00. Rata-rata jumlah kendaraan dalam satu kasus U-Turn antara 3.13 - 3.47 kendaraan sedangkan rata-rata tundaan per kendaraan yang dipengaruhi adalah antara 6.77 - 7.73 detik. Analisa Greenshield & Shockwave didapat panjang antrian antara 90 - 350 meter.
ANALISIS PEMILIHAN MODEL KONTRAK KONSTRUKSI PEKERJAAN PEMBANGUNAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK (FIDIC RAINBOW CONTRACT 2017)
Authors: Putra Sevren Buana , Hardjomuljadi Sarwono
Published: July 2020

Dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan pembangkit diharuskan ada suatu kontrak konstruksi yang dapat menghargai semangat keadilan atau keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban serta mudah diinterpretasikan oleh para pihak. Makalah ini terdiri dari perbandingan In-House Form of General Conditions of Contract in Indonesia terhadap Model Kontrak FIDIC conditions of contract for EPC/Turnkey. Selain itu bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab utama klaim yang sering terjadi pada proyek konstruksi pembangkit listrik di Indonesia. Kemudian mencocokkan penyebab klaim pada In-House Form of General Conditions of Contract, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan FIDIC conditions of contract for EPC/Turnkey. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk menentukan penyebab klaim tertinggi adalah Relative Important Index (RII), kemudian untuk analisis perbandingannya digunakan Metodologi Comparative. Berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor, ditemukan sepuluh faktor dominan yang menyebabkan klaim di pekerjaan pembangkit, dengan tiga tertinggi : 1) Variation Order, 2) Defective Works, 3) Changes in Scope of Work. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa FIDIC conditions of contract for EPC/Turnkey adalah kontrak yang paling efisien, adil, dan seimbang terhadap manajemen klaim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan untuk mengadopsi model kontrak FIDIC karena memiliki keuntungan pada sebagian besar aspek sebagai model kontrak konstruksi Indonesia.
EVALUASI KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJEMEN PROYEK KONTRAKTOR BESAR (STUDI KASUS : PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN BENDUNGAN KLM DI PROVINSI BANTEN)
Authors: Madeppungeng Andi , Intari Dwi Esti , Fauziah Nuzulan Nur
Published: July 2020

Bendungan KLM merupakan mega proyek provinsi Banten. Bendungan KLM apabila dilihat dalam fungsinya maka bendungan ini berjenis bendungan serbaguna, yaitu pembangunan bendungan tidak hanya bertujuan untuk memperoleh manfaat tunggal, tapi untuk lebih dari satu manfaat seperti : untuk penyedia air irigasi, tenaga listrik, air baku, pengendali banjir, perikanan, rekreasi dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei lapangan dengan melakukan pengamatan di lokasi proyek pembangunan Bendungan KLM untuk mengevaluasi kepuasan pelanggan terhadap kinerja manajemen proyek kontraktor besar di bendungan KLM dan penyebaran kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja manajemen proyek dari sudut pandang tingkat kepuasan dan kepentingan. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi dengan tiga metode yaitu metode customer satisfaction index (CSI), metode analisis gap, dan metode importance performance analysis (IPA). Identifikasi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan terhadap pelaksanaan manajemen proyek sebesar 68,64%, berdasarkan analisa CSI termasuk kategori puas. Hasil analisis kesenjangan, nilai total skor gap tertinggi terdapat pada variabel ketepatan waktu penyelesaian proyek (S2) sebesar 84 yang berarti pelanggan merasa sangat tidak puas terhadap kinerja variabel tersebut, dan total skor gap terendah terdapat pada variabel mengutamakan kepentingan pemilik (S30) sebesar 29 yang berarti pelanggan merasa sangat puas terhadap kinerja variabel tersebut. Sementara itu, berdasarkan metode IPA, kesesuaian laporan proyek dengan kondisi aktual di lapangan (S6) menjadi indikator prioritas yang perlu ditingkatkan demi mencapai kepuasan pengguna jasa yang lebih baik lagi.
STUDI PARTICULAR CONDITION PADA PROYEK - PROYEK MILIK SWASTA
Authors: Anggeriksari Hari , Hardjomuljadi Sarwono
Published: July 2020

Sebagian besar kegiatan konstruksi di Indonesia, dilakukan berdasarkan FIDIC Conditions of Contracts. Pada studi ini dibahas mengenai proyek konstruksi yang menggunakan FIDIC Condition of Contract for Construction 1999. Studi ini terdapat kalimat pada klausula-klausula Particular Condition yang mengubah dan menghapus isi dari klausula-klausula General Condition. Maka dari itu diperlukan analisis terhadap Particular Condition pada kontrak. Studi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui Klausula-Klausula Particular Condition apa saja yang dominan menimbulkan masalah beserta dengan analisisnya. Studi ini awalnya dengan Literature View lalu dilanjutkan kuesioner menggunakan Skala Likert berskala 6. Analisis faktor dilakukan dengan SPSS 23.0 untuk menemukan Klausula-Klausula Particular Condition yang dominan menimbulkan masalah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Klausula Particular Condition yang dominan menimbulkan masalah adalah Sub-Clause 1.7 [Assignment], Sub-Clause 1.5 [Priorities of Documents], Sub-Clause 4.6 [Co-Operation], Sub-Clauses 3.1 [Engineer’s Duties and Authority], Sub-Clause - 2.1 [Right of Access to the Site], Sub-Clause 2.2 - [Permits, Licenses, or Approvals], dan Sub-Clause 4.10 - [Site Data]. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pokok dari Particular Condition seperti yang disarankan dalam lampiran ketentuan kontrak FIDIC, tetap menggunakan klausula-klausula asli tanpa mengubah isinya.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN MODEL KONTRAK APBN DAN APBD TERHADAP MODEL KONTRAK FIDIC
Authors: Arief Ediyanto , Hardjomuljadi Sarwono
Published: July 2020

Pemerintah Indonesia menginvestasikan ratusan triliun rupiah setiap tahun dalam membangun infrastruktur. Kontrak konstruksi adalah salah satu jaminan untuk memastikan keberhasilan proyek, oleh karena itu klausula-klausulanya harus efisien, adil dan berimbang. Makalah ini terdiri dari perbandingan Syarat-Syarat Umum Kontrak (SSUK) APBN dan APBD terhadap model kontrak FIDIC General Conditions of Contract (GCC) 1999. Selain itu bertujuan untuk menganalisis sepuluh penyebab utama klaim yang sering terjadi pada proyek konstruksi di Provinsi Banten. Kemudian mencocokkan penyebab klaim pada SSUK APBN dan APBD, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan FIDIC GCC. Metodologi yang digunakan untuk menentukan penyebab klaim tertinggi adalah Relative Important Index (RII). Analisis perbandingan menggunakan Metodologi Multistep. Berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor, ditemukan sepuluh faktor dominan yang menyebabkan klaim di Provinsi Banten, dengan tiga tertinggi : 1) ketersediaan dan kepemilikan lahan kerja, 2) ambigu dalam memaknai klausula kontrak, 3) perubahan desain. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa FIDIC GCC adalah kontrak yang paling efisien, adil, dan seimbang terhadap manajemen klaim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan untuk mengadopsi model kontrak FIDIC karena memiliki keuntungan pada sebagian besar aspek sebagai model kontrak konstruksi Indonesia.
Affecting and Inhibiting Factors for Exclusive Breastfeeding: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Rahmawati Shinta Alifiana , Utami Fitria Siswi , Herfanda Esitra
Published: July 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is one important step for the health and development of infants early in life. An international perspective, breastfeeding is important to increase the chances of a baby's survival. Newborns who are exclusively breastfed have a lower risk of dying from diarrhea and respiratory disease, benefits for cognitive and motor activities, improve the general health of the baby. The aim of the study was to identify affecting and inhibiting factors for exclusive breastfeeding. This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Searching article from 2013 to 2018, from PubMed, Science Direct, and Proquest databases. Total of 1,115 articles reviewed, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding is very closely related to the support of cultural beliefs, practices, and values as well as social and professional encouragement. Husbands who provide support or motivation for exclusive breastfeeding will certainly give happiness to mothers during breastfeeding. Family support is a supporting factor which in principle is an activity both emotional and psychological given to mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding. Knowledge is very important in shaping one's actions, one of which is the adequate knowledge of the mother about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. Support of health workers and the workplace has a positive impact on mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Affecting factors for exclusive breastfeeding was associated with husband, family, health worker, workplace support, cultural traditions, and knowledge. Inhibiting factors for exclusive breastfeeding are internal and external factors.
Gambaran Karakteristik Anak dengan Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Pamulang Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Farsida Farsida , Kencana Ratu Manik
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular langsung yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. WHO Global Tuberculosis Report tahun 2018, terdapat kasus TB baru sebanyak 6,4 juta, dimana setara dengan 64% dari insiden TB yaitu 10,0 juta kasus. Pada akhir tahun 2018 terdapat 32.570 kasus TB paru anak.  Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan TB pada anak. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Tuberculosis pada anak di Puskesmas Pamulang bulan desember 2019 – januari 2020. Metode: Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Deskriptif Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Sampel yang diambil adalah 22 responden yang dihitung dengan rumus Slovin. Data penelitian diperoleh dari data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil: Jenis kelamin terbanyak pada total jumlah responden adalah laki-laki 54,5% diikuti  perempuan 45,5%. Usia sama banyak pada 0–5 tahun berjumlah 50,0% dan  6–10 tahun 50,0%. Status imunisasi lengkap terbanyak pada total jumlah responden 72,7%,  Status gizi baik terbanyak pada jumlah responden 63,6%. Nilai Skoring TB >6 terbanyak pada jumlah responden 63,6%. Pendidikan terakhir SMA pada orang tua terbanyak dari jumlah responden 81,8%. Anak dengan riwayat kontak TB positif 68,2%. Orang tua dengan pengetahuan baik 86,4%, Sikap baik 95,5% dan perilaku baik 18,2%. Lingkungan yang memenuhi syarat suhu kamar 22,7%, pencahayaan 63,6%, ventilasi 72,7%, kepadatan hunian 77,3%, kelembaban rumah 68,2%, dan jenis lantai 95,5%. Kesimpulan: kejadian TB anak laki laki lebih banyak dengan riwayat kontak penderita positif, nilai skoring tinggi. Untuk faktor lingkungan suhu yang tidak memenuhi syarat dengan perilaku orang tua pasien yang kurang baik.
Hubungan antara Perempuan Usia Reproduksi dengan Kejadian Leiomioma Uteri dan Adenomiosis Uteri di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cengkareng Jakarta Barat Tahun 2017-2019
Authors: Alfarizan Reyhan , Marindawati Mieke
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Pendarahan uterus abnormal (PUA) mempengaruhi 10% - 30% wanita usia reproduksi dan 50% wanita perimenopause. Penyebab tersering PUA adalah leiomioma uteri dan adenomiosis uteri. Prevalensi adenomiosis uteri bersamaan dengan leiomioma uteri telah dilaporkan dalam literatur adalah 15%-57%. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perempuan usia reproduksi dengan kejadian leiomioma uteri dan adenomiosis uteri di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cengkareng Jakarta Barat tahun 2017-2019. Metode: jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan retrospective cross sectional menggunakan rekam medis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Cengkareng Jakarta Barat pada bulan November–Desember 2019. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square menggunakan SPSS Ver.25. Hasil: dari 153 rekam medis, didapatkan leiomioma uteri 77 kasus (50,4%) , yaitu usia reproduksi 76 kasus (49,7%) dan usia tidak reproduksi 1 kasus (0,7%). Untuk diagnosis adenomiosis uteri 37 kasus (24,1%), yaitu usia reproduksi 27 kasus (17,6%) dan usia tidak reproduksi 10 kasus (6,5%). Dan untuk diagnosis leiomioma uteri dan adenomiosis uteri 39 kasus (25,5%), usia reproduksi 28 kasus (18,3%) dan usia tidak reproduksi 11 kasus (7,2%). Variabel usia berhubungan dengan kejadian leiomioma dan adenomiosis p-value = 0,000. Kesimpulan: ada hubungan antara perempuan usia reproduksi dengan kejadian leiomioma dan adenomiosis uteri.
Karakteristik Kejadian Kasus Kondiloma Akuminata di Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Nazarwin
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Kondiloma Akuminata (KA) merupakan faktor risiko dari kejadian HIV AIDS. Masih ditemukan kasus KA di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia khususnya pada populasi berisiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kejadian kasus kondiloma akuminata. Hasil: sebaran usia kasus kondiloma akuminata di Indonesia di beberapa penelitian adalah 25 hingga 45 tahun. Pada variabel jenis kelamin di beberapa penelitian karakteristik kondiloma akuminata lebih banyak wanita dari pria. Dari beberapa penelitian kecenderungan tingkat pendidikan pasien dengan kasus Kondiloma Akuminata adalah tingkat pendidikan rendah. Hasil pada penelitian Oktaviany ditemukan 195 pasien KA yang belum menikah, 61% dari seluruh jumah pasien kondiloma akuminata. Kesimpulan: sebagian besar kasus KA bekerja swasta serta mempunyai penyakit penyerta kandidiasis vulva vaginitis, lokasi lesi terbanyak pada pria terletak di gland penis sedangkan pada wanita di daerah vulva, untuk pasangan seksual lebih dominan heteroseksual. Diharapkan pada populasi risiko mengetahui statusnya terkait karakteistik kasus KA agar dapat dilakukan pencegahan lebih dini.
Developing the digital twin of the economic, financial, information and logistics inter-cluster cooperation mechanism
Authors: Yashin S.N. , Trifonov Yu.V. , Koshelev E.V.
Published: July 2020

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the use of digital twins in order to manage innovation and industrial clusters and the liaison between them.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a digital twin model of inter-cluster cooperation within a Federal district of Russia. The Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District is considered a case study.
Methods. For the study, we used a multiple non-linear regression method and a fast simulated annealing (FSA).
Results. The article offers and describes a designed digital twin model of inter-cluster cooperation mechanism.
Conclusions and Relevance. When reallocating investment and human resources within one federal district, the interests of the population of innovation and industrial clusters should be taken into account, as only just an increase in fixed investment does not always lead to the growth of the region's population. The use of the digital twin model of inter-cluster cooperation mechanism will help avoid premature unreasonable management decisions of the public-policy level regarding the further development of innovation-industrial clusters.
On strategy for the development of multifunctional social infrastructure complexes in the ‘Smart City’ paradigm
Authors: Sabinina A.L. , Sokolovskii V.V. , Shul'zhenko N.A. , Sychova N.A.
Published: July 2020

Subject. The article describes the findings of the authors of fundamental strategic decisions on the formation of multifunctional urban complexes, using the housing demand and supply criterion.
Objectives. We undertake a comprehensive study aimed at perfecting the methodology for evaluating the options for city infrastructure development at two stages, i.e. strategic, when general targets of feasible commissioning are determined, and current, when parameters of demand for facilities are taken into account.
Methods. The study employs methods of expert survey, statistical data processing, predictive and investigative analysis.
Results. We explored factors of creating amenities and comfort in residential construction areas, developed an algorithm to calculate the volume of new living space commissioning on the basis of evaluating demands in the Smart City paradigm.
Conclusions. The study shows the cost increase depending on the built-up area, number of floors, and the balance between the type of capacity and the number of residents in the quarter (linear relationship).
Military Background, Political Connection, Audit Quality And Earning Quality
Authors: Zaenal Fanani Arif Widodo,
Published: July 2020

This research is try to determine the effect of military background and political connections on earning quality with audit quality as a mediator. This research uses a quantitative approach using a sample of mining sector company that listing in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2018 periods. The conclusion of this research points out that military background has positive effect on audit quality and political connections negatively affect earning quality. While earning quality not effected by the military background, political connections do not effect audit quality, and earnings quality not effected by audit quality. Likewise, for the hypothesis, mediation of the audit quality has no effect on the relationship of military background and political connections to earnings quality.
Professional Commitment and Locus Of Control Toward Intensity In Whistleblowing Through Ethical Sensitivity
Authors: Muslim Muhammad Su’un, Hajering,
Published: July 2020

: This study aims to examine the effect of professional commitment and locus of control on the intensity of conducting whistleblowing through ethical sensitivity. The data in this study were obtained from 4 public accounting firms in Makassar. This study uses primary data by conducting direct research in the field that provides questionnaires to 31 respondents and to test hypotheses using PLS (partial least square). The results found that partially professional commitment and locus of control had a positive relationship and had a significant effect on ethical sensitivity. Professional commitment and ethical sensitivity have a positive relationship with the intensity of whistleblowing. While the locus of control has a negative relationship, ethical sensitivity has a significant effect while professional commitment and locus of control have no significant effect. While the intervening variable partially shows that professional commitment and locus of control have a positive relationship and significantly influence the intensity of whistleblowing through ethical sensitivity.
TAM Towards Leddite Building Mandors In The Use Of E-Filing
Authors: Sungkono Permadi Setyo Wibowo
Published: July 2020

This study aims to identify perceptions of usefulness, convenience and attitude towards behavior in the use of e-filling. Data from this study were obtain through quesstionnaires distributed to the community in the category of technological stuttering and had produced 50 respondents consisting of construction foremen in PT. Hutama Karya (Persero) Surabaya Brach. This study had a result that found if the variable perceeived usefullness and perceived easse of being has a possitive and siignificant effecct onthe use of, e-filling, but the attitude towards the most behavior did not affect the use of e-filling. This study hal limitation is that it only uses 1 company as a research sample, so it is less able to generalize these findings.
The effects of the War on the Syrian Agricultural Food Industry Potential
Authors: Bayram Mustafa , Gök Yasemin
Published: July 2020

Syria is a middle-income developing country with an economy that heavily depends on the food and agricultural sectors. However, with the recent Syria crisis/war, which started in March 2011, Syria‘s food and agricultural industries have badly been affected. While the most of the processing factories and agricultural facilities such as industrial zones, food plants, greenhouses, irrigation canals and pumps have been damaged in the conflict areas, this resulted in a huge recession in the food and agricultural productivity of Syria. It is estimated that this will impact the country to meet the future food requirements as well. In this study, the agricultural and food potential of Syria was analysed based on agricultural area, available lands, irrigation, food sectors etc. for the future planning food policies.
Gıda Mühendisliğinde Elektronik Dil Uygulamaları
Authors: Kaya Zeliha , Koca İlkay
Published: July 2020

Elektronik dil, bir dizi sensörden oluşan ve sıvı ya da sıvı forma dönüştürülmüş karmaşık örneklerin tadını karakterize etmek için kullanılan cihaz olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu cihaz, tıp, kimya, çevre ve gıda alanlarında kullanım olanaklarına sahiptir. Elektronik dil gıda sanayinde; meyve, sebze, et ve süt ürünleri ile içeceklerde tazeliğin kontrolünde, bozulma veya olgunlaşmanın takibinde kullanılmaktadır. Yaygın olarak, tat analizlerinde eğitimli panelistlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Ancak, tat algısının bireyler arası değişkenlik göstermesi ve öznel olması gibi dezavantajlarından dolayı elektronik dil tercih edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, farklı sistemlere sahip olan elektronik dillerin temel yapısı, çalışma prensipleri, gıdalarda kullanım alanları, avantajları ve dezavantajları ele alınmıştır.
PERMASALAHAN PEMBELAJARAN IPA SMP/MTs DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP TAHUN AJARAN 2010-2011
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Anekawati Anik , Fazat Azizah Lutfiana
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dan menggambarkan bagaimana permasalahanpembelajaran IPA SMP/MTs di kabupaten Sumenep.Selain itu juga untuk menggambarkan disparitaspermasalahan yang terjadi.Pengambilan data penelitian dilaksanakan pada beberapa SMP/MTs di kabupatenSumenep yang dipilih secara acak purposif dengan menggunaan metode angket (untuk siswa) dan diskusikelompok terfokus (untuk guru dan kepala sekolah).Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif denganmenggunakan teknik analisis konten yang terdiri atas tiga tahap utama yaitu katagorisasi (open coding),membuat relasi antar katagori (axial coding) dan teoretisasi (selective coding).Temuan yang didapatkan dalampenelitian ini yaitu adanya enam katagori permasalahan utama dalam pembelajaran IPA SMP/MTs diKabupaten Sumenep, antara lain: kualitas belajar siswa, latar belakang budaya dan orang tua, komunikasisekolah-orang tua, kondisi guru, sarana-prasarana pendukung pembelajaran dan kurikulum-kebijakan.Disparitas permasalahan yang terjadi terutama pada tiga kelompok sekolah yang cenderung semakinmeningkat kompleksitasnya yaitu sekolah favorit, sekolah nonfavorit dan sekolah dalam pesantren.
Pillow Talk: Volcanic rocks of the Karoo that formed many leagues under the Gondwanan Sea
Authors: de Wit M.J. , Linol B. , Furnes H. , Muedi T. , Valashiya K.
Published: July 2020

New field mapping has discovered numerous sections of pillow lavas with hyaloclastites at the lowest levels of Jurassic Karoo volcanic sequences across Lesotho and South Africa. Vesicularity (content and size) and geochemistry of the ca. 1 to 50 m thick pillow lavas sequences presently preserved at 1 670 to 2 150 m asl reveal they originated below 500 m of water. Most of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the pillow lavas scatter around ca. 0.708, which is also the value of Jurassic seawater. There is an increase in the δ18O values concomitantly with increasing alteration, a well-known feature at low-temperature when marine basalts alter to high-δ18O bearing minerals, such as clays and zeolites, stripping 18O by mass balance from seawater. This feature, combined with element behavior of the most altered samples, as well as the Sr-isotope signatures, suggest that the Karoo pillow lavas and hyaloclastites most likely altered under low-temperature conditions in seawater.

Geochemistry of the major oxides and trace elements of the Karoo pillow lavas reveal they define tholeiitic basalt with minor basaltic andesite. The pillow lavas define Th/Yb-ratios well above the mantle array indicating derivation from subduction-related components, and their Ti-V relations are similar to mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB). The Nd-Sr isotope data for the pillow lavas indicate that the primary magma assimilated ca. 10 to 15% of continental crust. This is consistent with knowledge from mapping that sills and dykes cover close to 50% of the surface geology surrounding the sub-horizontal pillow lava sequences, and from drill-cores that these dolerites reached a minimum crustal depth of ca. 6 km below Jurassic sea level.

The Karoo pillow lavas erupted between 186 and 184 Ma in relatively deep seawater of a possible rift system linked to fragmented continental lithosphere surrounded by ocean spreading domains, such as at the open-end of the East African rift across the Afar. By 183 Ma, Karoo volcanics extruded above sea level and after 182 Ma the pillow lavas were uplifted by at least 1 700 m. Thereafter, during farther up warping across the Karoo Large Igneous Province (KLIP), lavas across Lesotho reached heights over 3 500 masl by 140 Ma, and then eroded to their near present heights around 120 to 100 Ma as determined through a number of thermo-chronology and offshore sedimentation analyses. Thus, unlike the volcanics of the Ethiopian LIP, which erupted across continental crust at 2 000 masl ca. 30 to 40 million years prior to extensional tectonism across the Afar triple junction, KLIP reached its highest topography ca. 30 to 40 Myrs after early initiation across a triple junction system well-below sea level. This difference in timing between crustal extension and epeirogeny has implications for geodynamic and geochemical models that trace dispersal across southern Gondwana between Africa and Antarctica.
PILOT STUDY ON CHILDRENâ€™S READING IN NAMIBIA: PITFALLS AND NEW STRATEGIES
Authors: TÃ¶temeyer Andree-Jeanne , Kirchner Emmarentia , Alexander Susan
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to report on a pilot study conducted in 2011 that preceded a main study undertaken in 2012, investigating the reading behaviour and preferences of Grade 6 Namibian students. The aims of the pilot study were to develop an easy to answer and reliable questionnaire; to enable emerging researchers to gain experience in data collection through small-scale sampling; and to test whether the instruments of data collection were covering the main aims of the study. The questionnaire was developed and tested three times on small groups before the pilot study. In all 226 students, both rural and urban, from three educational regions in Namibia were included in the pilot study. Vast differences in the studentsâ€™ language ability and socio-economic situation were observed. The data analysis showed that the researchers underestimated the impact of the social desirability factor and the reading levels of the respondents. The questionnaire had to be drastically redesigned. Six further versions of the questionnaire were developed and tested before implementation in the main study. Careful reporting and recording of the pilot process ensured that a successful main study was conducted in 2012. While pilot studies are not frequently fully documented and reported on, it is argued that valuable lessons can be learnt from this honest report.
The Power and Perils of Participant Observation in Library and Information Science Research: Reflections on Three South African Studies
Authors: Hart Genevieve
Published: July 2020

This article reports on three participant observation studies conducted in schools and libraries in South Africa, between 1999 and 2015. The study findings have been reported on elsewhere, thus the focus is on the methodologies used, with the common thread being the author's preoccupation with the information literacy education of South African pupils. The author's purpose was to provide evidence of the impact of the dire lack of resources and libraries at South African schools. The first study in 1999 explored how teachers at an underresourced primary school in Cape Town, Western Cape, were coping with the demands of the new curriculum. The second study in 2006 examined two public libraries in a rural town in Mpumalanga, with seven local schools, but no school libraries. The third study in 2015 involved the library at a high school in Kayelitsha township outside Cape Town, which is part of a non-governmental organisation (NGO) project to employ school leavers to manage school libraries. Participant observation is rare in the Library and Information Science (LIS) research literature and the author's aim is to demonstrate its power to dig beneath the surface. The article uncovers the complex relations and tacit beliefs that existed at the three research sites, which are probably at play in other contexts and which have to be taken into account in planning effective programmes in South African schools and libraries. The article also acknowledges the ethical challenges, arguably inherent in participant observation, which relate to the often sensitive relations among participants, and to the researcher's positioning.
Management of Records in Adapted Buildings as Records Centres in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutsagondo Samson , Maduyu Getrude , Tsvuura Godfrey
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the challenges of records management that arise from the use of adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, despite the advantages of using such buildings. A qualitative research approach was used as well as a case study research design. Data were collected from seven officers of the Gweru Records Centre through semi-structured interviews. Personal observation was used to triangulate findings from interviews. It was found that the use of adapted buildings as records centres was a cheaper and quicker way of establishing records centres throughout the country. However, a number of preservation, security and management challenges cropped up as the conditions of the buildings and the environment of the adapted buildings were not conducive to the proper and professional management of records. This study is important in that it explores the prospects and challenges of using adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, an area that has not been researched by many authors. This provokes archival authorities and the government to seriously consider establishing purpose-built records and archival centres.
Experiences of Grandmothers Raising Their Orphaned Adolescent Grandsons
Authors: Mthembu Lindiwe Buyisile , Poggenpoel Marie , Myburgh Chris P. H.
Published: July 2020

Worldwide, grandparent-headed households have emerged as one of the fastest-growing family constellations responsible for caring for grandchildren as a result of various crises, including increased death of middle-aged people. Little is known about mental health factors influencing grandmothers’ daily well-being when raising orphaned adolescent grandsons (OAGs). The main objective of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of grandmothers raising their OAGs in uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal. In this study, a qualitative research design, which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was used. The study was based on the application of a philosophy of constructivism by conducting individual in-depth phenomenological interviews to understand the experience of grandmothers as they narrate it and the meaning they attach to raising their OAGs. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of grandmothers raising OAGs. Data saturation was reached after 10 interviews, and was supplemented by documented observations and field notes. The data was analysed using Tesch’s method of open coding. The themes that emerged were the following: the burden of meeting the basic needs of their OAGs, concern about the future and their health as well as their grandsons’ health, and living everything in God. The results are discussed in the context of existing literature. Many mental health conditions are undiagnosed; the study highlights the need to promote mental health strategies that will be sensitive to the challenges experienced by grandmothers raising OAGs and empower them with skills and the mobilisation of resources.