bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convergent interviewing to build a theory in under‐researched areas: principles and an example investigation of Internet usage in inter‐firm relationships
Authors: Rao Sally , Perry Chad
Published: September 2003

This research used the somewhat new methodology of convergent interviews to develop a conceptual framework about relationship constructs in an Internet environment. More generally, this article describes and illustrates the processes and the strengths of convergent interviewing to investigate under‐researched areas, and compares it with alternative qualitative techniques like in‐depth interviews, case research and focus groups. The illustration involves interviews conducted with marketing managers and business consultants from ten service companies, about Internet and relationship marketing. It is argued that convergent interviewing is more appropriate than some other qualitative methods to investigate under‐researched areas where there are few experts because it provides a way of quickly converging on key issues in the area, an efficient mechanism for data analysis after each interview, and a way of deciding when to stop collecting data. Convergent interviews could become another useful qualitative research method to explore new issues about emerging marketing phenomena.
Management styles and performance: a knowledge space framework
Authors: Hasan Helen , Al‐hawari Maen
Published: September 2003

The selection of an appropriate style for a knowledge management initiative for the company is recognized as a dilemma for most managers who have an interest in the knowledge asset and its applications. Innovation is an important part of organizational performance and a company’s innovative capacity may be dependent upon its ability to take advantage of its knowledge assets. It is therefore critical that there is compatibility between the firm’s knowledge management approach and the style that executive managers adopt for managing their knowledge assets in order to achieve the required optimum performance in their organization. In this paper the role of the knowledge management styles on organizational performance will be examined and understood through a conceptual model based on a k‐space framework.
An approach for identifying value in business processes
Authors: Andi Smart P. , Maull Roger S. , Karasneh Abed Al-Fatah , Radnor Zoe J. , Housel Thomas J.
Published: September 2003

Many organizations are embarking upon knowledge management initiatives to enhance their competitiveness. While there has been a significant amount of multidisciplinary research in this area, the evidence from surveys of practitioners indicate that a large proportion of company projects focus on the implementation of technology‐based solutions without consideration of the structural and contextual issues. Many academic authors have presented a variety of different models for knowledge management but have often failed to relate these to the requirements of practitioners. This paper presents a model of knowledge management derived from a synthesis of current literature. The model emphasizes the need for knowledge evaluation within a knowledge management approach and describes, using a case study, how this might be achieved.
Reconceptualizing the meaning and domain of marketing knowledge
Authors: Hanvanich Sangphet , Dröge Cornelia , Calantone Roger
Published: September 2003

The knowledge‐based view of the firm suggests that knowledge is the firm’s key resource for creating and sustaining economic rent. This perspective raises an important question for marketers: What is marketing knowledge? We argue first that marketing knowledge resides in three key marketing processes: product development management, customer relationship management, and supply chain management. Second, we argue that marketing knowledge is the extent of understanding of these three marketing processes, an extent which can be measured by evaluating awareness of factors, control of factors, and application of knowledge in new markets. We empirically test this conceptualization of marketing knowledge and, as a predictive validation, examine its relationship with marketing innovation.
Less is more: a framework for a sustainable university
Authors: Comm Clare L. , Mathaisel Dennis F.X.
Published: September 2003

The “lean manufacturing” paradigm, which is a philosophy intended to reduce cost and cycle time significantly throughout the entire value chain while continuing to improve product performance, was first identified by researchers associated with the international motor vehicle industry. In much the same way, the application of lean thinking and cost reduction strategies is becoming evident on college and university campuses. For example, the design of coursework is becoming more standardized and contracted out to part‐time instructors. The implementation of complex lean initiatives is critical for quality improvement and the sustainability of colleges and universities. However, the strategy for achieving sustainability is not clear to many decision‐makers. The intent of this paper is to provide a paradigm of how a lean sustainability initiative could be developed and implemented by colleges and universities. The research for this paper is based on a review of lean principles and practices and site visits to firms in the USA possessing best practices for long‐term sustainment.
The role and impact of the business school curriculum in shaping environmental education at Middlesex University
Authors: Holt Diane
Published: September 2003

Greening universities in terms of their curriculum and operations is a logical extension of the process of environmental education initiated in our schools and the process of corporate environmental management occurring in our industrial and service society, from the latter part of the twentieth century onwards. Examines the values, actions and attitudes of a group of students in a UK business school as they enter and leave the culture of the university and the role the university has potentially played changing these values, actions and knowledge. Begins by discussing generally the role of higher education in moving society towards sustainability. Then presents the case study of Middlesex University in the UK, examining the practice of environmental education in the Business School. Then presents an empirical investigation of students’ environmental attitude action and knowledge that occurred from 1998‐2001. Finally reviews how successful the Business School has been at changing or reinforcing students’ environmental values, knowledge and action, as evidenced by the longitudinal work.
Sustainable campuses and campus planning
Authors: Swearingen White Stacey
Published: September 2003

This article explores the possibilities of teaching environmental planning by focusing on the sustainability of the campus and the campus master planning process. It describes the development of an urban planning course centered on campus master planning and its environmental impacts at the University of Kansas. Drawing on existing knowledge of campus planning and campus ecology, the article presents a tentative framework for assessing issues that can affect the structure of a campus environmental planning class, discusses the structure of the University of Kansas course, and outlines the lessons and reflections that have emerged from that course.
Analysing the contribution of continuing education and leadership empowerment to sustainable development
Authors: Wong Evia O.W.
Published: September 2003

Sustainable development is considered by many to be an essential direction for our world to move towards. To educate for sustainability is not an easy task and it is essential for all the education practitioners to make their contribution. It is important to accept and adapt changes for sustainable development, and continuing education sector itself has undergone dramatic changes in development since the formulation of the concept by the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization in the 1960s. Coping with the metamorphosis of society and its increasing demand for multi‐disciplinary, continuing education in the tertiary institution is a continuous learning process on its own. Leadership empowerment becomes one of the sharpening tools for bringing about the change in the institutions. Looks at an integral and practice‐oriented approach of one of the subject areas to introducing sustainable development into continuing education in Hong Kong as well as to explore the significance of leadership empowerment in bringing change and learning to the continuing education in the tertiary education.
Asynchronous Functional, Cellular and Transcriptional Changes after a Bout of Eccentric Exercise in the Rat
Authors: Peters David , Barash Ilona A. , Burdi Michael , Yuan Philip S. , Mathew Liby , Fridén Jan , Lieber Richard L.
Published: September 2003

Thirty eccentric contractions (ECs) were imposed upon rat dorsiflexors (n= 46) by activating the peroneal nerve and plantarflexing the foot ≈40 deg, corresponding to a sarcomere length change over the range 2.27‐2.39 μm for the tibialis anterior and 2.52‐2.66 μm for the extensor digitorum longus. Animals were allowed to recover for one of 10 time periods ranging from 0.5 to 240 h, at which time muscle contractile properties, immunohistochemical labelling and gene expression were measured. Peak isometric torque dropped significantly by ≈40 % from an initial level of 0.0530 ± 0.0009 Nm to 0.0298 ± 0.0008 Nm (P < 0.0001) immediately after EC, and then recovered in a linear fashion to control levels 168 h later. Immunohistochemical labelling of cellular proteins revealed a generally asynchronous sequence of events at the cellular level, with the earliest event measured being loss of immunostaining for the intermediate filament protein, desmin. Soon after the first signs of desmin loss, infiltration of inflammatory cells occurred, followed by a transient increase in membrane permeability, manifested as inclusion of plasma fibronectin. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was used to measure transcript levels of desmin, vimentin, embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHC), myostatin, myoD and myogenin. Compared to control levels, myostatin transcripts were significantly elevated after only 0.5 h, myogenic regulatory factors significantly elevated after 3 h and desmin transcripts were significantly increased 12 h after EC. None of the measured parameters provide a mechanistic explanation for muscle force loss after EC. Future studies are required to investigate whether there is a causal relationship among desmin loss, increased cellular permeability, upregulation of the myoD and desmin genes, and, ultimately, an increase in the desmin content per sarcomere of the muscle.
High throughput gene expression profiling: a molecular approach to integrative physiology
Authors: Liang Mingyu , Cowley Allen W. , Greene Andrew S.
Published: September 2003

Integrative physiology emphasizes the importance of understanding multiple pathways with overlapping, complementary, or opposing effects and their interactions in the context of intact organisms. The DNA microarray technology, the most commonly used method for high‐throughput gene expression profiling, has been touted as an integrative tool that provides insights into regulatory pathways. However, the physiology community has been slow in acceptance of these techniques because of early failure in generating useful data and the lack of a cohesive theoretical framework in which experiments can be analysed. With recent advances in both technology and analysis, we propose a concept of multidimensional integration of physiology that incorporates data generated by DNA microarray and other functional, genomic, and proteomic approaches to achieve a truly integrative understanding of physiology. Analysis of several studies performed in simpler organisms or in mammalian model animals supports the feasibility of such multidimensional integration and demonstrates the power of DNA microarray as an indispensable molecular tool for such integration. Evaluation of DNA microarray techniques indicates that these techniques, despite limitations, have advanced to a point where the question‐driven profiling research has become a feasible complement to the conventional, hypothesis‐driven research. With a keen sense of homeostasis, global regulation, and quantitative analysis, integrative physiologists are uniquely positioned to apply these techniques to enhance the understanding of complex physiological functions.
Cav1.3 (α1D) Ca2+ Currents in Neonatal Outer Hair Cells of Mice
Authors: Michna Marcus , Knirsch Martina , Hoda Jean‐Charles , Muenkner Stefan , Langer Patricia , Platzer Josef , Striessnig Jörg , Engel Jutta
Published: September 2003

Outer hair cells (OHC) serve as electromechanical amplifiers that guarantee the unique sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mammalian cochlea. It is unknown whether the afferent fibres connected to adult OHCs are functional. If so, voltage‐activated Ca2+ channels would be required for afferent synaptic transmission. In neonatal OHCs, Ca2+ channels seem to play a role in maturation since OHCs from Cav1.3‐deficient (Cav1.3−/−) mice degenerate shortly after the onset of hearing. We therefore studied whole‐cell Ca2+ currents in outer hair cells aged between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P8. OHCs showed a rapidly activating inward current that was 1.8 times larger with 10 mm Ba2+ as charge carrier (IBa) than with equimolar Ca2+ (ICa). IBa started activating at −50 mV with Vmax=−1.9 ± 6.9 mV, V0.5=−15.0 ± 7.1 mV and k= 8.2± 1.1 mV (n= 34). The peak IBa showed negligible inactivation (3.6 % after 300 ms) whereas the ICa (10 mm Ca2+) was inactivated by 50.7 %. OHC IBa was reduced by 33.5 ± 10.3 % (n= 14) with 10 μm nifedipine and increased to 178.5 ± 57.8 % (n= 14) by 5 μm Bay K 8644. A dose‐response curve for nifedipine revealed an IC50 of 2.3 μm, a Hill coefficient of 2.7 and a maximum block of 36 %. Average IBa density in OHCs was 24.4 ± 10.8 pA pF−1 (n= 105) which is only 38 % of the value in inner hair cells. Single cell RT‐PCR revealed expression of Cav1.3 in OHCs. In OHCs from Cav1.3−/− mice, Ba2+ current density was reduced to 0.6 ± 0.5 pA pF−1 (n= 9) indicating that > 97 % of the Ca2+ channel current in OHCs flows through Cav1.3.
The Immunological Synapse Balances T Cell Receptor Signaling and Degradation
Authors: Lee Kyeong-Hee , Dinner Aaron R. , Tu Chun , Campi Gabriele , Raychaudhuri Subhadip , Varma Rajat , Sims Tasha N. , Burack W. Richard , Wu Hui , Wang Julia , Kanagawa Osami , Markiewicz Mary , Allen Paul M. , Dustin Michael L. , Chakraborty Arup K. , Shaw Andrey S.
Published: September 2003

The immunological synapse is a specialized cell-cell junction between T cell and antigen-presenting cell surfaces. It is characterized by a central cluster of antigen receptors, a ring of integrin family adhesion molecules, and temporal stability over hours. The role of this specific organization in signaling for T cell activation has been controversial. We use in vitro and in silico experiments to determine that the immunological synapse acts as a type of adaptive controller that both boosts T cell receptor triggering and attenuates strong signals.
Does Selection Mold Molecular Networks?
Authors: Wagner Andreas
Published: September 2003

The dissection of molecular networks vital to cellular life can provide important hints about optimal network design principles. However, these hints can become conclusive only if one can determine that natural selection has molded a network's structure. I illustrate the importance of thorough studies of network evolution with two recent examples, one from genome-scale networks, the other from small transcriptional regulation circuits.
Methods and principles in biomedical ethics
Authors: Beauchamp T L
Published: September 2003

The four principles approach to medical ethics plus specification is used in this paper. Specification is defined as a process of reducing the indeterminateness of general norms to give them increased action guiding capacity, while retaining the moral commitments in the original norm. Since questions of method are central to the symposium, the paper begins with four observations about method in moral reasoning and case analysis. Three of the four scenarios are dealt with. It is concluded in the “standard” Jehovah’s Witness case that having autonomously chosen the authority of his religious institution, a Jehovah’s Witness has a reasonable basis on which to refuse a recommended blood transfusion. The author’s view of the child of a Jehovah’s Witness scenario is that it is morallyrequired—not merelypermitted—to overrule this parental refusal of treatment. It is argued in the selling kidneys for transplantation scenario that a fair system of regulating and monitoring would be better than the present system which the author believes to be a shameful failure.
Applying the four principles
Authors: Macklin R
Published: September 2003

Gillon is correct that the four principles provide a sound and useful way of analysing moral dilemmas. As he observes, the approach using these principles does not provide a unique solution to dilemmas. This can be illustrated by alternatives to Gillon’s own analysis of the four case scenarios. In the first scenario, a different set of factual assumptions could yield a different conclusion about what is required by the principle of beneficence. In the second scenario, although Gillon’s conclusion is correct, what is open to question is his claim that what society regards as the child’s best interest determines what really is in the child’s best interest. The third scenario shows how it may be reasonable for the principle of beneficence to take precedence over autonomy in certain circumstances, yet like the first scenario, the ethical conclusion relies on a set of empirical assumptions and predictions of what is likely to occur. The fourth scenario illustrates how one can draw different conclusions based on the importance given to the precautionary principle.
Principlism and communitarianism
Authors: Callahan D
Published: September 2003

The decline in the interest in ethical theory is first outlined, as a background to the author’s discussion of principlism. The author’s own stance, that of a communitarian philosopher, is then described, before the subject of principlism itself is addressed. Two problems stand in the way of the author’s embracing principlism: its individualistic bias and its capacity to block substantive ethical inquiry. The more serious problem the author finds to be its blocking function. Discussing the four scenarios the author finds that the utility of principlism is shown in the two scenarios about Jehovah’s Witnesses but that when it comes to selling kidneys for transplantation and germline enhancement, principlism is of little help.
A virtue ethics approach to moral dilemmas in medicine
Authors: Gardiner P
Published: September 2003

Most moral dilemmas in medicine are analysed using the four principles with some consideration of consequentialism but these frameworks have limitations. It is not always clear how to judge which consequences are best. When principles conflict it is not always easy to decide which should dominate. They also do not take account of the importance of the emotional element of human experience. Virtue ethics is a framework that focuses on the character of the moral agent rather than the rightness of an action. In considering the relationships, emotional sensitivities, and motivations that are unique to human society it provides a fuller ethical analysis and encourages more flexible and creative solutions than principlism or consequentialism alone. Two different moral dilemmas are analysed using virtue ethics in order to illustrate how it can enhance our approach to ethics in medicine.
Ethics needs principles—four can encompass the rest—and respect for autonomy should be “first among equals”
Authors: Gillon R
Published: September 2003

It is hypothesised and argued that “the four principles of medical ethics” can explain and justify, alone or in combination, all the substantive and universalisable claims of medical ethics and probably of ethics more generally. A request is renewed for falsification of this hypothesis showing reason to reject any one of the principles or to require any additional principle(s) that can’t be explained by one or some combination of the four principles. This approach is argued to be compatible with a wide variety of moral theories that are often themselves mutually incompatible. It affords a way forward in the context of intercultural ethics, that treads the delicate path between moral relativism and moral imperialism. Reasons are given for regarding the principle of respect for autonomy as “first among equals”, not least because it is a necessary component of aspects of the other three. A plea is made for bioethicists to celebrate the approach as a basis for global moral ecumenism rather than mistakenly perceiving and denigrating it as an attempt at global moral imperialism.
The Twistor Space of a 3-Sasakian Manifold
Authors: Boyer Charles P. , Galicki Krzysztof
Published: September 2003

Any compact 3-Sasakian manifold [Formula: see text] is a principal circle V-bundle over a compact complex orbifold [Formula: see text]. This orbifold has a contact Fano structure with a Kähler–Einstein metric of positive scalar curvature and it is the twistor space of a positive compact quaternionic Kähler orbifold [Formula: see text]. We show that many results known to hold when [Formula: see text] is a smooth manifold extend to this more general singular case. However, we construct infinite families of examples with [Formula: see text] which sharply differs from the smooth case, where there is only one such [Formula: see text].
Limits of Sums of Digraph Algebras with Reduced Digraphs Having Two Vertices
Authors: Heffernan David , Power Stephen C.
Published: September 2003

We obtain a K-theoretic classification of limits of direct sums of 2 × 2 block upper triangular matrix algebras with respect to regular embeddings. An intrinsic characterisation of these algebras is also obtained.
Periodic and Strongly Free Automorphisms on Inclusions of Type IIIλ Factors
Authors: Loi Phan H.
Published: September 2003

We prove that a periodic and strongly free automorphism acting on a strongly amenable inclusion Q ⊂ P of type III λ factors, λ ∈ (0,1), with a common discrete decomposition, is classified, up to conjugacy, by its period, its standard invariant on the type II core of Q ⊂ P, and its Connes–Takesaki module.
Multipliers of Kac Algebras
Authors: Kraus Jon , Ruan Zhong-Jin
Published: September 2003

Multipliers, in particular completely bounded multipliers, of Fourier algebras have played a very important role in the study of harmonic analysis and of group von Neumann algebras and C*-algebras. In this paper, we plan to extend this notion to a more general context, i.e. we are going to study the completely bounded multipliers of Kac algebras. We will introduce an appropriate definition for completely bounded multipliers of Kac algebras, study some of basic properties and their connection with the strong Voiculescu amenability of Kac algebras. Operator space theory will play a very important role throughout this paper.
Parabolic Fixed Points of Kleinian Groups and the Horospherical Foliation on Hyperbolic Manifolds
Authors: Starkov A. N.
Published: September 2003

We use dynamical approach to study parabolic fixed points of Kleinian groups Γ ⊂ Iso (ℍn). Let ℋ be the horospherical foliation on the unit tangent bundle SM of manifold M = Γ\ℍn with constant negative curvature. We construct examples Γ ⊂ Iso (ℍ4) which show that horosphere based at parabolic fixed point w ∈ ∂ℍ4 can project to leaf ℋx ⊂ SM of complicated structure: it can be locally closed and not closed; not locally closed and non-dense in the non-wandering set Ω+ ⊂ SM of ℋ; dense in Ω+ (this is equivalent to w being a horospherical limit point). Using the natural duality, one gets the corresponding examples of Γ-orbits on the light cone. We give an elementary proof of the fact that conical limit point w ∈ ∂ℍn cannot be a parabolic fixed point.
Holonomy of Sub-Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Falbel Elisha , Gorodski Claudio , Rumin Michel
Published: September 2003

A sub-Riemannian manifold is a smooth manifold which carries a distribution equipped with a metric. We study the holonomy and the horizontal holonomy (i.e. holonomy spanned by loops everywhere tangent to the distribution) of sub-Riemannian manifolds of contact type relative to an adapted connection. In particular, we obtain an Ambrose–Singer type theorem for the horizontal holonomy and we classify the holonomy irreducible sub-Riemannian symmetric spaces (i.e. homogeneous sub-Riemannian manifolds admitting an involutive isometry whose restriction to the distribution is a central symmetry).
On C*-Algebras Associated with Subshifts
Authors: Matsumoto Kengo
Published: September 2003

We construct and study C*-algebras associated with subshifts in symbolic dynamics as a generalization of Cuntz–Krieger algebras for topological Markov shifts. We prove some universal properties for the C*-algebras and give a criterion for them to be simple and purely infinite. We also present an example of a C*-algebra coming from a subshift which is not conjugate to a Markov shift.
Two Subfactors Arising from a Non-Degenerate Commuting Square II — Tensor Categories and TQFT's —
Authors: Sato Nobuya
Published: September 2003

We prove that two subfactors N ⊂ M and P ⊂ Q arising from a non-degenerate commuting square have 3-dimensional topological quantum field theories (based on triangulations) complex conjugate to each other. Applying the asymptotic inclusion construction to each subfactor, we have new subfactors M ∨ (M′ ∩ M∞) ⊂ M∞ and Q ∨ (Q′ ∩ Q∞) ⊂ Q∞, then we also prove that the tensor categories of the M∞-M∞ bimodules and the Q∞-Q∞ bimodules are isomorphic to each other, if the two fusion graphs are connected. These results are based on our previous work and give a finer answer to a question raised by V. F. R. Jones in June, 1995.
Exotic Holonomies ${\rm E}^{(a)}_7$
Authors: Chi Quo-Shin , Merkulov Sergey , Schwachhöfer Lorenz
Published: September 2003

It is proved that the Lie groups [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] represented in ℝ56 and the Lie group [Formula: see text] represented in ℝ112 occur as holonomies of torsion-free affine connections. It is also shown that the moduli spaces of torsion-free affine connections with these holonomies are finite dimensional, and that every such connection has a local symmetry group of positive dimension.
The Geometry of Singular Quaternionic Kähler Quotients
Authors: Dancer Andrew , Swann Andrew
Published: September 2003

Two descriptions of quaternionic Kähler quotients by proper group actions are given: the first as a union of smooth manifolds, some of which come equipped with quaternionic Kähler or locally Kähler structures; the second as a union of quaternionic Kähler orbifolds. In particular the quotient always has an open set which is a smooth quaternionic Kähler manifold. When the original manifold and the group are compact, we describe a length space structure on the quotient.

Similar descriptions of singular hyperKähler and 3-Sasakian quotients are given.
On Very Ample Vector Bundles on Curves
Authors: Ionescu Paltin , Toma Matei
Published: September 2003

We study very ample vector bundles on curves. We first give numerical conditions for the existence of non-special such bundles. Then we prove the inequality [Formula: see text] over curves of genus at least two. We apply this to prove some special cases of a conjecture on scrolls of small codimension.
A System Associated with the Confluent Hypergeometric Function Φ3 and a Certain Linear Ordinary Differential Equation with Two Irregular Singular Points
Authors: Shimomura Shun
Published: September 2003

The confluent hypergeometric function Φ3 satisfies a system of partial differential equations on P1(C) × P1(C) with the singular loci x = 0, x = ∞, y = ∞ of irregular type and y = 0 of regular type. We obtain asymptotic expansions and Stokes multipliers of linearly independent solutions near the singular loci x = 0 and x = ∞. Applying the results we also clarify the global behaviour of the solutions of a third order linear ordinary differential equation with two irregular singular points.
Geometrically Finite Complex Hyperbolic Manifolds
Authors: Apanasov Boris , Xie Xiangdong
Published: September 2003

The aim of this paper is to study geometry and topology of geometrically finite complex hyperbolic manifolds, especially their ends, as well as geometry of their holonomy groups. This study is based on our structural theorem for discrete groups acting on Heisenberg groups, on the fiber bundle structure of Heisenberg manifolds, and on the existence of finite coverings of a geometrically finite manifold such that their parabolic ends have either Abelian or 2-step nilpotent holonomy. We also study an interplay between Kähler geometry of complex hyperbolic n-manifolds and Cauchy–Riemannian geometry of their boundary (2n-1)-manifolds at infinity, and this study is based on homotopy equivalence of manifolds and isomorphism of fundamental groups.
Isoperimetric Inequalities and the Dodecahedral Conjecture
Authors: Bezdek Károly
Published: September 2003

The dodecahedrad conjecture, posed more than 50 years ago, says that the volume of any Voronoi polyhedron of a unit sphere packing in [Formula: see text] is at least as large as the volume of a regular dodecahedron of inradius 1. In this paper we show how the dodecahedral conjecture can be obtained from the distance conjecture of 14 and 15 nonoverlapping unit spheres and from the isoperimetric conjecture of Voronoi faces of unit sphere packings.
The Carathéodory Pseudodistance and Positive Linear Operators
Authors: Meyer Ralf
Published: September 2003

We give a new elementary proof of Lempert's theorem, which states that for convex domains the Carathéodory pseudodistance coincides with the Lempert function and thus with the Kobayashi pseudodistance. Moreover, we prove the product property of the Carathéodory pseudodistance. Our methods are functional analytic and work also in the more general setting of uniform algebras.
Harmonic Morphisms as Sphere Bundles Over Compact Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Gudmundsson Sigmundur
Published: September 2003

We prove that the projection map of an orientable sphere bundle, over a compact Riemann surface, of any homotopy type can be realized as a harmonic morphism with totally geodesic fibres.
Constructions of Non-Commutative Lp-Spaces with a Complex Parameter Arising from Modular Actions
Authors: Izumi Hideaki
Published: September 2003

For a von Neumann algebra ℳ and a weight φ on ℳ, we will construct a complex one-parameter family [Formula: see text] of non-commutative Lp-spaces by using Calderón's complex interpolation method. This is a simultaneous and complete extension of the construction of non-commutative Lp-spaces by H. Kosaki and M. Terp. Moreover, we will show that for each p, all the parametrized Lp-spaces are mutually isometrically isomorphic as Banach spaces via natural maps.
CP VIOLATION IN KAON DECAYS
Authors: D'AMBROSIO GIANCARLO , ISIDORI GINO
Published: September 2003

We review the Standard Model predictions of CP violation in kaon decays. We present an elementary introduction to Chiral Perturbation Theory, four-quark effective Hamiltonians and the relation among them. Particular attention is devoted to K→3π, K→ 2πγ and [Formula: see text] decays.
EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: TYE S.-H. HENRY , VTOROV-KAREVSKY YAN
Published: September 2003

The effective action of a Higgs theory should be gauge-invariant. However, the quantum and/or thermal contributions to the effective potential seem to be gauge-dependent, posing a problem for its physical interpretation. In this paper, we identify the source of the problem and argue that in a Higgs theory perturbative contributions should be evaluated with the Higgs fields in the polar basis, not in the Cartesian basis. Formally, this observation can be made from the derivation of the Higgs theorem, which we provide. We show explicitly that, properly defined, the effective action for the Abelian Higgs theory is gauge-invariant to all orders in perturbation expansion when evaluated in the covariant gauge in the polar basis. In particular, the effective potential is gauge-invariant. We also show the equivalence between the calculations in the covariant gauge in the polar basis and the unitary gauge. These points are illustrated explicitly with the one-loop calculations of the effective action. With a field redefinition, we obtain the physical effective potential. The SU(2) non-Abelian case is also discussed.
SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO CYCLIC ORBIFOLDS
Authors: BORISOV L. , HALPERN M. B. , SCHWEIGERT C.
Published: September 2003

We introduce an orbifold induction procedure which provides a systematic construction of cyclic orbifolds, including their twisted sectors. The procedure gives counterparts in the orbifold theory of all the current-algebraic constructions of conformal field theory and enables us to find the orbifold characters and their modular transformation properties.
INDUCED MASSES AND SPIN SELF-INTERACTION FROM FIVE-DIMENSIONAL EINSTEIN–CARTAN–DIRAC THEORY
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ EVA , MACÍAS ALFREDO
Published: September 2003

The Einstein–Cartan theory with a dilaton field coupling arising from five-dimensional principal fiber bundle structure of the metric is investigated. A Dirac type spinor field is coupled to the metric and to translational gauge fields. After the dimensional reduction, the theory introduces a gravitational spin–spin contact interaction coming from the translational degrees of freedom, which is repulsive between Dirac particles whose spins are aligned and attractive when spins are opposed. A classically stable ground state for the dilaton field exists, which is infinitely degenerate with respect to a rescaling of the metric. The induced mass term in the Dirac equation can be interpreted, e.g. as the bare electron mass, as long as we regard this theory as an effective "medium" energy model coming from finite string field theories.
HIGGS FACTORY μ+μ- COLLIDER AND THE SCALAR ELECTROWEAK SECTOR
Authors: CLINE DAVID B.
Published: September 2003

We describe the concept of a Higgs factory μ+μ- collider and the process that will measure the particle width, particle spectrum, and normal and rare decay branching fractions. Such a factory would be able to distinguish between the standard, minimal supersymmetric, and nonminimal supersymmetric models. A μ+μ- collider with appropriate luminosity and energy spread will provide the Higgs factory. We describe the current design of such a collider and the higher energy multi-TeV collider development as well.
OCTONIONS AND SUPER-LIE ALGEBRA
Authors: ABDEL-KHALEK KHALED
Published: September 2003

We discuss how to represent the nonassociative octonionic structure in terms of the associative matrix algebra using the left and right octonionic operators. As an example we construct explicitly some Lie and super-Lie algebra. Then we discuss the notion of octonionic Grassmann numbers and explain its possible application for giving a superspace formulation of the minimal supersymmetric Yang–Mills models.
PENGUIN CORRECTIONS AND STRONG PHASES IN A TIME-DEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF $\overline{B^0}(B^0)r\to \pi^+\pi^-$
Authors: MARROCCHESI P. S. , PAVER N.
Published: September 2003

From a time-dependent analysis of the decay [Formula: see text] and using a model-dependent AP/AT ratio of the penguin-to-tree amplitudes contributing to the decay, both the weak phase α and the strong phase shift difference δ can be extracted from the data. The value of the weak phase β expected to be measured from the decay [Formula: see text], is used to parametrize the value of AP/AT and the corresponding penguin correction to the observed asymmetry in [Formula: see text].
WEAKLY INTERACTING QUARK MATTER IN AN ULTRASTRONG MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: CHAKRABARTY SOMENATH , BANDYOPADHYAY DEBADES , PAL SUBRATA
Published: September 2003

A relativistic version of the Landau theory of Fermi liquid in the presence of an ultrastrong magnetic field is developed. The direct and exchange interactions via the exchanges of both the scalar and the vector bosons are considered. The model is applied to a system of weakly interacting strange quark matter to study the stability of the system.
COADJOINT ORBITS OF THE VIRASORO ALGEBRA AND THE GLOBAL LIOUVILLE EQUATION
Authors: BALOG J. , FEHÉR L. , PALLA L.
Published: September 2003

The classification of the coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro algebra is reviewed and then applied to analyze the so-called global Liouville equation. The review is self-contained, elementary and is tailor-made for the application. It is well known that the Liouville equation for a smooth, real field φ under periodic boundary condition is a reduction of the SL(2,R) WZNW model on the cylinder, where the WZNW field g∈ SL (2,R) is restricted to be Gauss decomposable. If one drops this restriction, the Hamiltonian reduction yields, for the field Q=κg22 where κ≠0 is a constant, what we call the global Liouville equation. Corresponding to the winding number of the SL(2,R) WZNW model, there is a topological invariant in the reduced theory, given by the number of zeros of Q over a period. By the substitution Q=± exp (-φ/2), the Liouville theory for a smooth φ is recovered in the trivial topological sector. The nontrivial topological sectors can be viewed as singular sectors of the Liouville theory that contain blowingup solutions in terms of φ. Since the global Liouville equation is conformally invariant, its solutions can be described by explicitly listing those solutions for which the stress–energy tensor belongs to a set of representatives of the Virasoro coadjoint orbits chosen by convention. This direct method permits to study the "coadjoint orbit content" of the topological sectors as well as the behavior of the energy in the sectors. The analysis confirms that the trivial topological sector contains special orbits with hyperbolic monodromy and shows that the energy is bounded from below in this sector only.
ACTIONS FOR QCD-LIKE STRINGS
Authors: SIEGEL W.
Published: September 2003

We introduce a random lattice corresponding to ordinary Feynman diagrams, with 1/p2 propagators instead of the Gaussians used in the usual strings. The continuum limit defines a new type of string action with two world sheet metrics, one Minkowskian and one Euclidean. The propagators correspond to curved lightlike paths with respect to the Minkowskian world sheet metric. Space–time dimensionality of four is implied not only as the usual critical dimension of renormalizable quantum field theory, but also from T-duality.
MATRIX ERNST POTENTIALS AND ORTHOGONAL SYMMETRY OF LOW ENERGY HETEROTIC STRING THEORY REDUCED TO THREE DIMENSIONS
Authors: HERRERA-AGUILAR ALFREDO , KECHKIN OLEG
Published: September 2003

A new coset matrix for low-energy limit of heterotic string theory reduced to three dimensions is constructed. The pair of matrix Ernst potentials uniquely connected with the coset matrix is derived. The action of the symmetry group on the Ernst potentials is established.
U DUALITY AND CENTRAL CHARGES IN VARIOUS DIMENSIONS REVISITED
Authors: ANDRIANOPOLI LAURA , D'AURIA RICCARDO , FERRARA SERGIO
Published: September 2003

A geometric formulation which describes extended supergravities in any dimension in the presence of electric and magnetic sources is presented. In this framework, the underlying duality symmetries of the theories are manifest. Particular emphasis is given to the construction of central and matter charges and to the symplectic structure of all D=4, N-extended theories. The latter may be traced back to the existence, for N>2, of a flat symplectic bundle which is the N>2 generalization of N=2 Special Geometry.
STRINGS, PATHS AND STANDARD TABLEAUX
Authors: DASMAHAPATRA SRINANDAN , FODA OMAR
Published: September 2003

For the vacuum sectors of regime-III ABF models, we observe that two sets of combinatorial objects: the strings which parametrize the row-to-row transfer matrix eigenvectors, and the paths which parametrize the corner transfer matrix eigenvectors, can both be expressed in terms of the same set of standard tableaux. Furthermore, the momenta of the strings, the energies of the paths and the co-charges of the tableaux are such that there is a weight-preserving bijection between the two sets of eigenvectors, in which the tableaux play an interpolating role. This bijection is so natural, that we conjecture that it exists in general.
ANOMALOUS CHIRAL ACTION FROM THE PATH INTEGRAL
Authors: ISLAM M. M. , PUGLIA S. J.
Published: September 2003

By generalizing the Fujikawa approach, we show in the path integral formalism: (1) how the infinitesimal variation of the fermion measure can be integrated to obtain the full anomalous chiral action; (2) how the action derived in this way can be identified as the Chern–Simons term in five dimensions, if the anomaly is consistent; (3) how the regularization can be carried out, so as to lead to the consistent anomaly and not to the covariant anomaly. We consider a massless left-handed fermion interacting with a non-Abelian gauge field. The gauge field also interacts with a set of Goldstone bosons, so that a gauge-invariant configuration of the gauge field exists. We use Schwinger's "proper time" representation of the Green's function and the guage-invariant point-splitting technique, and find that the consistency requirement and the point-splitting technique allow both an anomalous and a nonanomalous action. In the end, the nature of the vacuum determines whether we have an anomalous theory or a nonanomalous theory.
Uq(2) YANG–MILLS THEORY
Authors: BENAOUM H. B. , LAGRAA M.
Published: September 2003

A Yang–Mills theory is presented using the Uq(2) quantum group. Unlike previous works, no assumptions are required — between the quantum gauge parameters and the quantum gauge fields (or curvature) — to get the quantum gauge variations of the different fields. Furthermore, an adequate definition of the quantum trace is presented. Such a definition leads to a quantum metric, which therefore allows us to construct a Uq(2) quantum Yang–Mills Lagrangian. The Weinberg angle θ is found in terms of this q metric to be [Formula: see text].
GAUGE DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFECTIVE AVERAGE ACTION IN EINSTEIN GRAVITY
Authors: FALKENBERG SVEN , ODINTSOV SERGEI D.
Published: September 2003

We study the gauge dependence of the effective average action Γk and Newtonian gravitational constant using the RG equation for Γk. Then we truncate the space of action functionals to get a solution of this equation. We solve the truncated evolution equation for the Einstein gravity in the De Sitter background for a general gauge parameter α and obtain a system of equatons for the cosmological and Newtonian constants. Analyaing the running of the gravitational constant we find that the Newtonian constant depends strongly on the gauge parameter. This leads to the appearance of antiscreening and screening behavior of the quantum gravity. The resolution of the gauge dependence problem is suggested. For physical gauges like the Landau–DeWitt gauge the Newtonian constant shows an antiscreening.
DYANMICAL GENERATION OF LINEAR σ MODEL SU(3) LAGRANGIAN AND MESON NONET MIXING
Authors: DELBOURGO R. , SCADRON M. D.
Published: September 2003

This paper is the SU(3) extension of the dynamically generated SU(2) linear σ model Lagrangian worked out previously using dimensional regularization. After discussing the quark-level Goldberger–Treiman relations for SU(3) and the related gap equations, we dynamically generate the meson cubic and quartic couplings. This also constrains the meson–quark coupling constant to [Formula: see text] and determines the SU(3) scalar meson masses in a Nambu–Jona-Lasinio fashion. Finally we dynamically induce the U(3) pseudoscalar and scalar mixing angles in a manner compatible with data.
ON THE GEOMETRIZATION OF BOHMIAN MECHANICS: A NEW APPROACH TO QUANTUM GRAVITY
Authors: SHOJAI FATIMAH , GOLSHANI MEHDI
Published: September 2003

In this paper, a new approach to quantum gravity is presented in which the de-Broglie–Bohm quantum theory of motion is geometrized. This way of considering quantum gravity leads automatically to the fact that the quantum effects are contained in the conformal degree of freedom of the space–time metric. The present theory is then applied to the maximally symmetric space–time of cosmology, and it is observed that it is possible to avoid the initial singularity, while at large times the correct classical limit emerges.
τ LEPTON PHYSICS
Authors: RAHAL-CALLOT GHITA
Published: September 2003

General properties of the τ leptons are reviewed using the recent measurements of production and decay of τ leptons. The improvements in the knowledge of the τ mass and the limits on ντ mass are reported. New improved measurements of the τ polarization and asymmetries performed at LEP and SLC prove a measurement of the axial and vector part of the neutral current at the per mil level. For the leptonic charged current, no deviation from the V–A Lorentz structure of the current is observed. Improvements on the lifetime and leptonic branching fractions allow a check of the charged current universality at the 0.5% level. New hadronic decay channels have been measured, mainly those involving kaons and η mesons. A precise determination of αs at the τ mass energy scale is performed. Finally, tests of possible new physics beyond the Standard Model are discussed.
GAUGE INVARIANCES IN THE PROCA MODEL
Authors: VYTHEESWARAN A. S.
Published: September 2003

We show that the Abelian Proca model, which is gauge noninvariant with second class constraints can be converted into gauge theories with first class constraints. The method used, which we call gauge unfixing, employs a projection operator defined in the original phase space. This operator can be constructed in more than one way and so we get more than one gauge theory. Two such gauge theories are the Stückelberg theory and the theory of Maxwell field interacting with an antisymmetric tensor field. We also show that the application of the projection operator does not affect the Lorentz invariance of this model.
(0,2) CALABI–YAU SIGMA MODELS AND THEIR DUALITY
Authors: SAKAGUCHI MAKOTO
Published: September 2003

N=(0,2) heterotic string theories on Calabi–Yau spaces are considered based on linear sigma approaches. We construct (0,2) sigma models on complete intersection Calabi–Yau spaces, ℳ, realized in a product of weighted projective spaces. The definition of the associating vector bundle V over ℳ is given. These models are formulated as the IR limits of (0,2) U (1)N gauged linear sigma models. Examining their phase structures, we observe that there are hybrid phases where one cannot intrinsically distinguish between the defining polynomials of the Calabi–Yau space ℳ and those of the gauge bundle V. Thus we construct dual pairs of two (0,2) Calabi–Yau sigma models which are isomorphic in their hybrid phases. In addition, generalizing the gauge bundle into the direct sum of bundles, we study the duality of (0,2) string vacua.
THE FUTURE OF PARTICLE PHYSICS AS A NATURAL SCIENCE
Authors: WILCZEK FRANK
Published: September 2003

In the first part of the paper, I give a low-resolution overview of the current state of particle physics — the triumph of the Standard Model and its discontents. I review and re-endorse the remarkably direct and (to me) compelling argument that existing data, properly interpreted, point toward a unified theory of fundamental particle interactions and toward low-energy supersymmetry as the near-term future of high energy physics as a natural science. I then attempt, as requested, some more "visionary" — i.e. even lower resolution — comments about the farther future. In that spirit, I emphasize the continuing importance of condensed matter physics as a source of inspiration and potential application, in particular for expansion of symmetry concepts, and of cosmology as a source of problems, applications, and perhaps ultimately limitations.