bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic inheritance of photoperiod sensitivity in Runner bean (Phaseolus coccineous L.)
Authors: Mulanya Mable. M. , Kimani Paul. M. , Narla Rama D. , Ojwang Pascal Okwiri
Published: July 2020

Lack of information on the mode of inheritance of photoperiod sensitivity is a constraint to genetic improvement of tropically adapted vegetable runner bean. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of short-day photoperiod in runner beans. Seven single crosses between female parent; White Emergo (long day imported variety) and seven short day local landraces (Kin 1, Kin 2, Kin 3, Nyeri, Dwarf1, Dwarf 2 and Dwarf 3) were developed in Kenya. The parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses were evaluated at Kabete (warm conditions) and Ol Joro-Orok (cool condtions) under the natural short-day length of 12hrs. From the results, short day parents flowered earlier (within 40-48 days) and formed more racemes (on average 10 racemes/plant) and pods (at least 25pods/plant) than long day parent (White Emergo) at both locations. The populations in the seven cross combinations flowered earlier at the warmer location (Kabete) than cooler one (Ol Joro Orok). In all crosses, F1 and F2 means of days to flowering and number of racemes were within parental range while the backcrosses’ showed means that were close to their recurrent parents. The additive-dominance model [m+a+d] was found to adequately explain the genetic influence on studied traits with additive gene effects accounting for about 90% of the genetic action. The predominance of additive gene action indicates that improvement of this crop for short day adaptation can be easily achieved by trait integration through hybridization followed by pure selection methods such as single seed descent, bulk breeding or pedigree.
Gas exchanges and growth of sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) cultivated under saline waters and nitrogen-potassium fertilizers
Authors: Dias Adaan Sudário , Lima Geovani Soares de , Pinheiro Francisco Wesley Alves , Gheyi Hans Raj , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Souza Leandro de Pádua , Silva Saulo Soares da , Oliveira Sabrina Gomes de
Published: July 2020

The synergistic action between K and N (NO3-) favors the absorption of both ions by plants. A suitable combination of these macronutrients may be an alternative capable of alleviating the nutritional imbalance due to the excessive absorption of chloride and sodium by the plant and inhibitory competition between nitrate and potassium. In addition, it can favor the control of the turgidity of the cells, through the osmoregulation, elevate the synthesis of organic solutes, promoting the ionic homeostase, and consequently decrease the effect saline stress on the plants. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of sesame cv. BRS G4 as a function of irrigation with water of increasing electrical conductivity (ECw) and fertilization with different combinations of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). This experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks and analyzed in 5 x 4 factorial scheme, consisting of five levels of ECw (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and four combinations of N and K: N/K2O (70/50; 100/75; 130/100 and 160/125% of the recommendation for pot experiments), with three replicates, totaling 60 experimental units. Except for the ECw level of 0.6 dS m-1, the other salt concentrations evaluated in this study compromised the gas exchanges and consequently growth of sesame cv. BRS G4, at 50 days after sowing. Fertilization with N and K in the combination of 70/50% of the recommendation of N/K2O led to the greatest growth of sesame cv. BRS G4. The N/K2O combinations of 130/100, 160/125 and 160/125% reduced the negative effects of saline irrigation of 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 dS m-1, respectively, on the stomatal conductance of sesame plants. The combined supply of N and K2O in combinations of 100/75, 130/100 and 130/100% promoted higher CO2 assimilation rate in sesame plants using water of 1.2 and 1.8 and 2.4 dS m-1, respectively.
Developing a framework for water right allocation in inter-basin water transfer systems under uncertainty: The Solakan–Rafsanjan water transfer experience
Authors: Sahebzadeh Ali , Kerachian Reza , Mohabbat Hamidreza , Ashrafi Saeed
Published: July 2020

In this article, a methodology is presented for water allocation to demands in new inter-basin water transfer projects. In this methodology, by proposing some criteria such as universality, equity, enforceability, adaptivity, and exclusivity, a new scheme is developed in order to determine the share of water users. For taking the available water uncertainty into account, the concept of conditional value at risk (CVaR) is used, in which the goal is to minimize an indicator of loss in low flow conditions. Also, in order to estimate the relative weights of criteria, a novel method is introduced. This method is founded on two essential information aggregation operators, namely, hybrid weighted averaging (HWA) and ordered weighted averaging (OWA). The significant property of this method is that the weighting process is done by considering the relative weights of experts and the viewpoint of the analyzer jointly. The results of the CVaR-based model are compared with those obtained from a long-term water allocation optimization model with monthly time steps. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated using available data from the Solakan–Rafsanjan water transfer project.
Ultrasound–acid modified Merremia vitifolia biomass for the biosorption of herbicide 2,4-D from aqueous solution
Authors: Aswani Meethale Theruvinthalakkal , Yadav Manoj , Vinod Kumar Amgoth , Tiwari Shashank , Kumar Tarun , Pavan Kumar Malladi Venkata
Published: July 2020

In this work, a biosorbent was prepared by the ultrasound–acid treatment of Merremia vitifolia plant and tested for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a phenoxy herbicide. Optimal values of five batch biosorption parameters namely stirring speed, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial pH and initial adsorbate concentration were experimentally obtained in sequential manner for an enhanced biosorption capacity. The kinetics of the biosorption of 2,4-D were best described by the pseudo first order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) and the biosorption equilibrium data was successfully fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.99) with a maximum biosorption capacity of 66.93 mg g−1. The mechanism of biosorption was investigated using two intraparticle diffusion models (Weber and Boyd), Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model and electrostatic interactions. The presence of intraparticle and film diffusion limitations for the biosorption was confirmed along with the physical and chemical nature of the biosorption. The thermodynamic parameters of the biosorption were calculated using the equilibrium data obtained at four different temperatures. The entropy change for biosorption was found to be negative indicating the decreased randomness at the interface. Desorption studies were carried out using different solvents and the percentages of desorption were compared.
Oxidative degradation of Orange G in aqueous solution by persulfate activated with pyrite
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qin Yingzhi , Zhang Weiting , Zhang Yali , Yuan Guang-En
Published: July 2020

Orange G (OG), a typical azo dye in textile wastewaters, has been the subject of intense investigations. This study investigated oxidative degradation of OG in aqueous solution by persulfate (PS) activated with pyrite. A complete destruction of OG was achieved within 60 min in the pyrite/PS system. Lower solution pH, smaller pyrite particles and higher pyrite dosage was beneficial for OG degradation. Higher PS concentration was also in favour of OG degradation, but excess PS would decrease the removal efficiency of OG. The addition of HCO3− and H2PO4− but Cl− had inhibitory effects on the destruction of OG. The results of quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance tests proved that SO4•− and •OH were the dominant reactive species responsible for OG degradation in the pyrite/PS system. The azo bond, naphthalene ring and benzene ring of OG were all destroyed by the generated reactive species. The mineralization rate of OG reached 34.4% after 60 min of reaction. This work will provide information for understanding azo dye degradation by pyrite activated PS.
An Overview of the Mechanisms of Marine Fungi-Derived Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Agents and their Novel Role in Drug Targeting
Authors: Shams ul Hassan Syed , Ishaq Muhammad , Zhang Wei-dong , Jin Hui-Zi
Published: July 2020

Marine fungi with their successful pharmacological effects were considered to be the treasure of ocean
medicines concerning the striking ability of their secondary metabolites. Literature over literature has been published
on fungi derived bioactive molecules to probe its therapeutic potential. Marine fungi have an implicit to
cede future medicines against life-threatening diseases, such as cancer and several emerging inflammations. The
biological actions of many marine fungi-derived secondary metabolites are still unlocked, for an assorted number
of bioactive compounds by which they interact with human diseases are discussed here with comprehensive diagrams.
This knowledge is one of the main tracks to be established specifically for the successful transformation of
bioactive compounds to medicines. Marine fungi produce a diverse range of biochemical substances with precious
carbon scaffolds, which are the main component interplaying with human diseases at distinctive spots.
Specific diseases having a flair to fight at distinctive targets within the body can lead to a new trend of raising the
chances of developing targeted drugs.
Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors - A Hope for Gout Disease?
Authors: Orhan Ilkay E. , Deniz Fatma S.S.
Published: July 2020

Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism,
first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under
certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed
by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized,
when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a
purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia.
Urate-lowering therapy includes XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric
drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol,
febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current
gout medications still exist, intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors
of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail
XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources
via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact
that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins
(agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes
(resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable
of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi,
macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.
A Novel HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Methyl, Ethyl, n-propyl, Isopropyl, n-butyl, Isobutyl and Benzyl Paraben in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
Authors: Özcan Saniye , Levent Serkan , Can Nafiz Öncü , Kozanli Murat
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid at the C-4 position, “the
parabens,” including methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, are widely used as antimicrobial
preservatives in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Official regulations on the use of these
compounds make their analysis essential for the estimation of their exposure.

Methods: On this basis, the presented study was realized to develop a simple, selective and cheap
high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of
methylparaben, ethylparaben (EP), n-propyl paraben (NPP), isopropyl paraben (IPP), n-butyl paraben
(NBP), isobutyl paraben (IBP) and benzyl paraben (BP) in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products.

Results: The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved under flow rate gradient
elution conditions using a C18-bonded core-shell silica particle column (2.6 μm particle size, 150
× 3.0 mm from Phenomenex Co.). The samples were injected into the system as aliquots of 1.0 μL,
and the compounds were detected by using a photodiode array detector set at 254 nm wavelength.
With this technique, seven paraben derivatives can be determined in the concentration range of
250-2000 ng/mL. The recovery of the method is in the range of 99.95-13.84%, and the RSD is at a
maximum value of 3.95%.

Conclusion: The proposed method was fully validated and successfully applied to different
pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples (n=16), including syrups, suspensions, oral sprays, gels, etc.
At least one paraben derivative was detected in six samples and was determined quantitatively. The
maximum amount of a paraben derivative found in the analyzed samples was 321.7 ng/mL, which
was MP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LC method, which is applicable both on
pharmaceutical and cosmetic samples.
Germacrone: A Potent Secondary Metabolite with Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer and Viral Infections
Authors: Riaz Ammara , Rasul Azhar , Kanwal Nazia , Hussain Ghulam , Shah Muhammad Ajmal , Sarfraz Iqra , Ishfaq Rubab , Batool Rabia , Rukhsar Fariha , Adem Şevki
Published: July 2020

:

Natural products, an infinite reserve of bioactive molecules, will continue to serve humans as an important
source of therapeutic agents. Germacrone is a bioactive natural compound found in the traditional medicinal plants of
family Zingiberaceae. This multifaceted chemical entity has become a point of focus during recent years due to its
numerous pharmacological applications, e.g., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-adipogenic,
anti-androgenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and neuroprotective. Germacrone is an effective inducer of cell cycle
arrest and apoptosis in various cancers (breast, brain, liver, skin, prostate, gastric, and esophageal) via modulation of
different cell signaling molecules and pathways involved in cancer proliferation. This is the first report highlighting
the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities exhibited by germacrone. The reported data collected from various
shreds of evidences recommend that this multifaceted compound could serve as a potential drug candidate in the near
future.
Application of Erythropoietin in Chronic Heart Failure Treatment
Authors: Pourtaji Atena , Jahani Vajiheh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang
Published: July 2020

Heart Failure (HF) is recognized as an important public health concern worldwide,
especially in developed countries, due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. Although new
pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents have improved the clinical sequelae of HF in
patients, its mortality remains high, especially among the elderly. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein,
besides its traditional role in promoting erythropoiesis and production of erythroid progenitors, its
beneficial role in reducing infarct area and improving heart function through EPO-induced antiapoptotic
and antioxidant effects have been increasingly recognized. This review gathers the evidence
to date about the effectiveness of EPO in HF patients. In addition to the growing evidence of EPO in
the treatment of HF in the animal studies for improving cardiac function and infarct size, more clinical
studies are needed to assess the role of EPO treatment in the management of HF.
Chewable Tablets of Acacia catechu Extract, an Alternative to Betel (Paan) for Mouth Ulcers: Formulation and In vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bhardwaj Pooja , Shailendra Kodati , Sharma Deep Shikha , Sharma Amit , Kulkarni Mangesh Pradeep , Singh Sachin Kumar , Singh Vrinder Pal , Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Pardeep , Kumar Rajesh
Published: July 2020

Objective:

The objective of the current research work was to prepare chewable tablets having
Acacia catechu extract useful for mouth ulcers using a 32 factorial design.

Methods:

Acacia catechu heartwood extract was prepared using a reported method with some modifications.
The extract was characterized using TLC against the catechin marker. Then, drug-excipient interaction
studies were carried out. The mixture of drug and excipients was evaluated for pre-compression
parameters. With the application of 32 factorial design, chewable tablets were prepared using direct
compression technique. Prepared tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters.

Results:

In vitrodrug release study of the developed formulations was investigated both in intact and crushed form of tablets. Based on in vitroperformance, the best formulations were selected (F6, F7 & F8 from intact and F1, F5 & F9 from the crushed group) and subjected to various kinetic models and evaluated for chewing difficulty index (CDI).

Conclusion:

The overall results revealed that the formulated chewable tablets complied with the standards and exhibited a satisfactory performance in terms of drug release, chewing difficulty index and other related parameters.
Applications of Machine Learning in Drug Target Discovery
Authors: Gao Dongrui , Chen Qingyuan , Zeng Yuanqi , Jiang Meng , Zhang Yongqing
Published: July 2020

Drug target discovery is a critical step in drug development. It is the basis of modern drug development
because it determines the target molecules related to specific diseases in advance. Predicting drug targets by computational
methods saves a great deal of financial and material resources compared to in vitro experiments. Therefore,
several computational methods for drug target discovery have been designed. Recently, machine learning (ML)
methods in biomedicine have developed rapidly. In this paper, we present an overview of drug target discovery
methods based on machine learning. Considering that some machine learning methods integrate network analysis to
predict drug targets, network-based methods are also introduced in this article. Finally, the challenges and future
outlook of drug target discovery are discussed.
Natural Fibre Based Biopolymer Formulations with Potential Applications in Biomedical and Packaging Sector
Authors: Fortunati Elena , Verma Deepak , Luzi Francesca , Torre Luigi
Published: July 2020

:

Considering the global environmental issues, various factors such as industrial ecology,
eco-efficiency, and chemical engineering are being combined to develop advanced material known as
bio-based or natural polymer-based materials. The environment and the cost-effective factors are
now propelling the inclination in the direction of greater utilization of bio-based polymers and materials.
Biobased materials are generally used to make industrial products and reliable goods. They are
composed of a natural polymer, reinforced with agricultural waste, natural fibres and carbohydrates
like starch, lignin, and cellulose. In this paper, we have discussed the introductory part of the biopolymers,
e.g., cellulose, chitin, chitosan, PLA, and soy protein. Also, the mechanical properties of
composites developed by using these biopolymers and their applications, specifically in the areas of
biomedical and packaging sectors, have been discussed.
Локальная структура аморфных и кристаллических пленок Ge-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-
Authors: Марченко А.В. , Теруков Е.И. , Насрединов Ф.С. , Серегин П.П.
Published: July 2020

The Mössbauer spectroscopy data on the 119Sn, 121Sb and 125Te isotopes have showed that the structure of germanium atoms local surrounding changes as a result of Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphous films crystallization (tetrahedral symmetry changes to octahedral), while the environment of antimony and tellurium atoms does not change, and for antimony atoms it is close to that in the Sb2Te3 compound.
Сравнительный эллипсометрический анализ политипов карбида кремния 4H, 15R, 6H, полученных модифицированным методом Лели в одном ростовом процессе
Authors: Авров Д.Д. , Горляк А.Н. , Лебедев А.О. , Лучинин В.В. , Марков А.В. , Осипов А.В. , Панов М.Ф. , Кукушкин С.А.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we propose a model for the quantitative analysis of the dependence of the dielectric function of hexagonal silicon carbide polytypes on the photon energy in the range 0.0–6.5 eV. This model consists of the sum of two Tauc-Lorentz oscillators (main and minor) with a total band gap. This approach is used to describe the three hexagonal polytypes of silicon carbide 4H, 15R, 6H obtained in one growth process. Both C-faces and Si-faces of each polytype are analyzed. A number of conclusions have been made about the dependence of the oscillator parameters on the polytype hexagonality degree and the type of surface face. The strongest dependence is an increase of the minor oscillator amplitude with an increase of polytype hexagonality degree. It should also be noted that the band gap increases upon transition from the C-face (0001 ̅) to the Si-face (0001).
Повышение точности позиционно-чувствительного датчика с широким полем зрения
Authors: Подласкин Б.Г. , Гук Е.Г. , Оболенсков А.Г. , Сухарев А.А.
Published: July 2020

The paper considers the concept of improving the linearity of the coordinate characteristic and the accuracy of the signal position detection of a position-sensing detector while expanding its field of view. The diagonal-segmented topology of the sensor is analyzed taking into account the influence of inhomogenuity of the optical signal and of the spatial distribution of photosensitivity on its surface.
Video Cloud Services for Hospitals: Designing an End-to-End Cloud Service Platform for Medical Video Storage and Secure Access
Authors: Pawałowski Piotr , Mazurek Cezary , Leszczuk Mikołaj , Moureaux Jean-Marie , Chaabouni Amine
Published: July 2020

The amount of medical video data that has to be securely stored has been growing exponentially. This rapid expansion is mainly caused by the introduction of higher video resolution such as 4K and 8K to medical devices and the growing usage of telemedicine services, along with a general trend toward increasing transparency with respect to medical treatment, resulting in more and more medical procedures being recorded. Such video data, as medical data, must be maintained for many years, resulting in datasets at the exabytes scale that each hospital must be able to store in the future. Currently, hospitals do not have the required information and communications technology infrastructure to handle such large amounts of data in the long run. In this paper, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions to this problem. We propose a generic architecture for a holistic, end-to-end recording and storage platform for hospitals, define crucial components, and identify existing and future solutions to address all parts of the system. This paper focuses mostly on the recording part of the system by introducing the major challenges in the area of bioinformatics, with particular focus on three major areas: video encoding, video quality, and video metadata.
Business and Marketing Ethics in Islam: A Conceptual Study
Authors: M. G. Mohiuddin , Sarker Md. Juwel Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Islamic ethics positions men in relation to Allah, his own self and the universe. Interest about Islamic ethics in business and marketing practices has been growing among the various segments of populations including academics, manufacturers, consumers, workers, and mass people. The present study aimed at exploring the ethical concept of business and Marketing in Islam. As the study is a conceptual in nature, it is mainly based on content analysis and used secondary data and information. To attain the objectives, the study consulted Holy Qur’an, different books of Hadith, journal and related literature. The study revealed that, the principle of faithful observance of contracts, abstaining from false advertising and mis-presentation, accurate measurement, non-indulgence in hoarding and profiteering, avoiding destruction of surplus produce, prohibition of interest and unlawful trade, fair and just recruitment practices, brotherly treatment of workers, protection from environmental pollution, are only illustrative of business ethics in Islam. This study also emphasizes the necessity of further study on the implications of Islamic principles in the context of present-day business and marketing situation so that these principles could be operationalized.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ УСТАНОВКИ «ЛУЧ» ДЛЯ РАЗМЕРНОЙ МИКРООБРАБОТКИ СТЕКЛА И КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Authors: Чжо Я. , Лян М. , Моисеев К.М. , Колесник Л.Л. , Панфилов Ю.В.
Published: July 2020

В статье представлены современные применения и преимущества электронно-лучевой технологии в обработке стекла и керамических материалов. Рассмотрена конструкция и технологические возможности вакуумной установки «ЛУЧ» для электронно-лучевой плавки, сварки и размерной микрообработки электровакуумного стекла и керамических материалов, в том числе LTCC керамики.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ФОТОННОКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПЛЕНОК С УЧЕТОМ КОАГУЛЯЦИИ КОЛЛОИДНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Жуков Р.М. , Ибрагимов А.Р. , Панфилова Е.В.
Published: July 2020

В работе представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса формирования фотонно-кристаллических коллоидных пленок, служащих темплатом для вакуумного осаждения функциональных материалов. На практике существует ряд проблем, связанных с получением коллоидных кристаллов, основными из которых является отсутствие адгезии, сплошности и регулярности структуры. Для решения этих проблем необходимо учитывать фактор коагуляции дисперсной фазы коллоидной системы. В работе представлены результаты исследования процесса получения коллоидных пленок кремнезема и полистирола с использованием добавок поверхностно активных веществ.
ВРЕМЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТОКА В ВАКУУМНЫХ РАЗРЯДНИКАХ С ОПТИЧЕСКИМ УПРАВЛЕНИЕМ
Authors: Каторов А.С. , Ревазов В.О. , Селезнев В.П.
Published: July 2020

Представлены результаты зондовой диагностики лазерной плазмы, инициируемой на титановой мишени (X = 1064 нм, I ~ 108 Вт/см2, P ~ 10-5 Торр). Определены скорости фронта лазерно-плазменного факела и скорости распространения среды, инициирующей коммутацию в вакуумных разрядниках с оптическим управлением для различных интенсивностей лазерного излучения. Сделаны выводы о параметрах, определяющих время формирования импульса тока в разрядниках с оптическим управлением.
РАЗРАБОТКА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВАКУУММЕТРОВ С ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ЭЛЕМЕНТАМИ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫМИ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ МЭМС
Authors: Кувандыков Р.Э. , Тетерук Р.А.
Published: July 2020

Статья посвящена разработке чувствительных элементов, преобразователей и вакуумметров, созданных по технологии МЭМС и предназначенных для измерений абсолютного давления в широком диапазоне от 10-3 до 10 5 Па.
МОДУЛЬНЫЙ ПРИНЦИП ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ВАКУУМНЫХ УСТАНОВОК ДЛЯ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Одиноков В.В. , Панин В.В.
Published: July 2020

Представлен модульный принцип создания вакуумно-плазменного оборудования для микроэлектронных технологий с использованием различных вариантов загрузки-выгрузки пластин в рабочий модуль (реактор): установки с поштучной ручной загрузкой-выгрузкой пластин, с поштучной загрузкой-выгрузкой пластин из шлюзовой камеры манипулятором, с поштучной загрузкой-выгрузкой пластин манипулятором из кассеты-в-кассету в шлюзовой камере, а также оборудование кластерного типа. Рабочие модули установок обеспечивают высокие требования к процессам плазмохимического травления.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ НАНОКОМПОЗИТНЫХ СТРУКТУР ПРИ МАГНЕТРОННОМ ОСАЖДЕНИИ МАТЕРИАЛА НА КОЛЛОИДНЫЕ ПЛЕНКИ КРЕМНЕЗЕМА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИХ СВОЙСТВ
Authors: Галаганова Е.Н. , Сотников Д.А.
Published: July 2020

В работе представлено исследование нанокомпозитных структур, полученных методом магнетронного распыления титана на темплат, сформированный в процессе осаждения коллоидных частиц кремнезема на ситалловые подложки. Изучено влияние мощности и времени распыления на формирование нанокомпозитных структур. Выявлены особенности процессов роста металлической пленки на опаловой матрице и внедрения металла в ее структуру.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ И ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОСТРОВКОВЫХ НАНОСТРУКТУР МЕДИ И АЛЮМИНИЯ НА НАЧАЛЬНЫХ СТАДИЯХ РОСТА
Authors: Исаева А.А. , Сидорова С.В.
Published: July 2020

Приведены области применения металлических островковых наноструктур в науке и технике. Проведены экспериментальные исследования для отработки режимов формирования металлических тонких пленок. Представлен принцип контроля начальных стадий роста по изменению туннельного тока между островковыми наноструктурами. Получены серии образцов ОТП меди и алюминия, толщины которых измерены на атомно-силовом микроскопе. Смоделированы зависимости геометрических и электрических характеристик тонких пленок и ОНС от параметров технологического процесса.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОСТИ ОСТРОВКОВЫХ ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНЫХ НАНОСТРУКТУР
Authors: Андреасян О.Г. , Сидорова С.В.
Published: July 2020

В работе раскрыта актуальность развития знаний человечества о нано-размерных структурах. Приведены примеры использования полезных свойств изделий, изготовленных с использованием островковых тонких пленок. На основе рассмотренного экспериментального исследования построена математическая модель распространения тока по поверхности, покрытой тонкой островковой структурой.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УЛЬТРАТОНКИХ ПЛЕНОК MOS2, ФОРМИРУЕМЫХ МЕТОДОМ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ОСАЖДЕНИЯ В ВАКУУМЕ
Authors: Беликов А.И. , Пьо Ч.З. , Семочкин А.И.
Published: July 2020

В работе представлены результаты оптической спектроскопии ультратонких пленок дисульфида молибдена, полученных на подложках кремния методами постоянного (DCMS) и импульсного (PMS) магнетронного распыления мишени MoS2 в вакууме, а также при осаждении потока на подложку в условиях внешнего магнитного поля. Приведены результаты расчета оптической ширины запрещенной зоны (ШЗЗ) образцов тонких пленок MoS2.
ИСПЫТАНИЯ ПОСАДОЧНОГО АППАРАТА В КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ МАРСА В ТЕРМОВАКУУМНОЙ КАМЕРЕ
Authors: Кочетков А.Ю.
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматривается вопрос об имитации климатических условий Марса при наземной тепловакуумной отработке посадочного аппарата в универсальной термовакуумной камере.
АНАЛИЗ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИОННОПЛАЗМЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИИ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ ДЛЯ ЧЕЛЮСТНОЛИЦЕВОЙ ХИРУРГИИ
Authors: Демьянова А.В. , Митрофанова Е.А. , Симякин С.Б. , Сипкин А.М.
Published: July 2020

Представлен обзор литературных данных о свойствах материалов и покрытий, применяемых при изготовлении медицинских изделий для челюстно-лицевой хирургии, в частности, минипластин и винтов, используемых при остеосинтезе вследствие значительных преимуществ перед другими видами фиксации. Большинство сплавов содержат металлы, оказывающие токсическое воздействие на организм человека. Применение одновременно изделий из сплавов с отличающейся электропроводностью вызывает гальванизм. Предлагается в качестве защиты от воздействия указанных факторов использовать сформированное в вакууме покрытие из карбида кремния, успешно апробированное в стоматологии.
ТЕОРИЯ ТЕРМОЭМИССИИ СКАНДАТНЫХ КАТОДОВ
Authors: Капустин В.И. , Ли И.П. , Шуманов А.В. , Москаленко С.О.
Published: July 2020

Микропримеси скандия в кристаллитах оксида бария в зависимости от размеров кристаллитов в наноразмерной области приводят к формированию на поверхности кристаллитов доменов различных типов, обогащенных атомами скандия и характеризующихся пониженной работой выхода. Предложена физическая модель и проведены теоретические расчеты зависимости работы выхода доменов от температуры и концентрации кислородных вакансий в кристаллитах оксида бария, легированных атомами скандия, для различных типов доменов.
ВЛИЯНИЕ МИКРОПРИМЕСЕЙ D-ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ НА ЭЛЕКТРОННУЮ СТРУКТУРУ КРИСТАЛЛИТОВ ВАО В КАТОДАХ СВЧ-ПРИБОРОВ
Authors: Капустин В.И. , Ли И.П. , Шуманов А.В. , Москаленко С.О. , Залялиев Р.Р. , Кожевникова Н.Е.
Published: July 2020

Микропримеси d-элементов - W, Re, Ni, Pd, Os - в кристаллитах ВаО из состава катодов приводят к формированию на поверхности кристаллитов поверхностных состояний донорного типа, которые могут частично компенсировать поверхностные состояния акцепторного типа, обусловленные поверхностными кислородными вакансиями. Это приводит к снижению потенциального барьера на поверхности кристаллитов и к снижению работы выхода катода.
МЕТОДИКА КОСВЕННОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ВАКУУМНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ОТПАЯННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОВАКУУМНЫХ ПРИБОРОВ
Authors: Предтеченский П.О. , Колесник Л.Л.
Published: July 2020

В статье описана методика оценки вакуума в электровакуумном приборе после его отпайки. Описана теоретическая основа метода упругих столкновений, а также приведены экспериментальные данные по оценке вакуума в приборе на примере типового магнетрона.
ИСЛЕДОВАНИЕ СОРБЦИОННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ГАЗОПОГЛОТИТЕЛЯ - ГЕНЕРАТОРА ВОДОРОДА ИЗ СМЕСИ ПОРОШКОВ ZRAL-ZR ДЛЯ ВАКУУМНЫХ ПРИБОРОВ
Authors: Зубков Н.П. , Пелипец О.В. , Зубков П.Н.
Published: July 2020

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований газопоглотителя-генераторов водорода из смеси порошков ZrAl-Zr (50 %). Проведены измерения сорбционных характеристик и выделяемого количества водорода в зависимости от температуры. Исследования проводились на экспериментальной установке с масс-спектрометром МИ-1201.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ИСПАРЕНИЯ И КОНДЕНСАЦИИ В АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ УСТАНОВКЕ НИЗКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ОБЕЗВОЖИВАНИЯ В ВАКУУМЕ
Authors: Галузин А.А.
Published: July 2020

В данной работе рассматривается технология и оборудование для низкотемпературного обезвоживания в вакууме (НОВ). Проведено исследование процессов испарения и конденсации в автоматизированной установке НОВ. Кроме того, выявлены проблемы и предложены способы их решения с целью повышения эффективности процессов испарения и конденсации.
ИМИТАЦИЯ «ХОЛОДНОГО» СОЛНЦА: МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОПРИТОКОВ К КОСМИЧЕСКОМУ АППАРАТУ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ТЕРМОВАКУУМНЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ
Authors: Нестеров С.Б. , Савин А.В. , Смирнов П.Г. , Филатов А.А.
Published: July 2020

Элементы оптической схемы имитатора солнечного излучения в ходе работы подвергаются существенным лучевым нагрузкам и могут нагреваться без принятия должных мер по их охлаждению. Нагреваясь, они становятся источниками теплового излучения, которое может приводить к нежелательном теплопритокам к объекту испытаний. Статья посвящена моделированию характеристик теплопритоков к объекту и расчету их величин. Также в статье рассматриваются способы минимизации паразитных теплопритоков. Особенное внимание уделено вопросам охлаждения коллимирующего зеркала. Обсуждаются вопросы мультифизического моделирования, включающего в себя моделирование расчета хода лучей и теплофизическое моделирование.
РАЗРАБОТКА МАЛОГАБАРИТНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ПЛАЗМЕННОЙ НЧ ОБРАБОТКИ MPC ONE
Authors: Павленко А.Д. , Васильев Д.Д. , Моисеев К.М.
Published: July 2020

В работе представлен обзор современных установок для обработки плазмой низкого давления. Обозначена проблема отсутствия установок отечественного производства. Приведено описание и преимущества разработанной отечественной установки MPC One. Продемонстрированы результаты ее технологических режимов и возможностей.
Depresión, ansiedad y conducta suicida en la formación médica en una universidad en México
Authors: Granados Cosme José Arturo
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Los daños a la salud mental representan uno de los problemas más relevantes en la población general y específicamente entre universitarios. La formación médica implica exigencias particulares que pueden hacer de sus estudiantes una población con mayor presencia de ciertos trastornos mentales. Objetivo: Comparar las prevalencias de ansiedad, depresión, conducta suicida entre alumnos de medicina y de otras carreras en una universidad en México.Método: Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra probabilística de estudiantes del primer y último grado de la licenciatura en medicina y a una muestra aleatoria de igual tamaño y mismas proporciones de estudiantes del primer y último grado de cualquier otra carrera. Los datos fueron procesados en un análisis bivariado para calcular prevalencias, medidas de asociación (odds ratio [OR]) y significancia estadística (X2). Resultados: Los estudiantes de medicina mostraron prevalencias más altas de ansiedad, depresión y conducta suicida que los de otras carreras, los del último grado presentaron prevalencias más altas que los del primero. El sexo fue una variable que influyó más entre los estudiantes de otras carreras, pero menos en la de medicina. Conclusiones: La formación médica implicó mayores probabilidades de depresión, ansiedad y conducta suicida que otras profesiones, estas son más altas en el último grado de los estudios.
Modelos de educación médica en escenarios clínicos
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cirlos Carlos , Naveja J. Jesús , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor
Published: July 2020

Enseñar y aprender en los escenarios clínicos, sean estos formales o informales, es una tarea fundamental del personal de salud. Estos espacios son propicios para el establecimiento de relaciones de enseñanza y de aprendizaje entre el personal de la salud y los estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado. Las oportunidades de aprendizaje en entornos clínicos son mucho más diversas y realistas que las que se pueden encontrar en textos, en las aulas o en herramientas digitales, pues nada iguala a la experiencia real del aprendizaje clínico que se da “junto a la cama del paciente”. Además, ciertas maniobras prácticas, aunque sencillas (como tomar una muestra de sangre venosa), solo pueden terminar de enseñarse en un espacio clínico. En este artículo se revisan algunos principios generales de la enseñanza en ambientes clínicos, que incluyen identificar las necesidades del estudiante, enseñar de acuerdo con un modelo y dar una realimentación adecuada. La utilización de metodologías sistemáticas con evidencia de validez para la enseñanza en contextos clínicos, permite un aprendizaje y retroalimentación más completos y uniformes en estudiantes que asisten a distintos espacios del sistema de salud. Se revisan algunos de los modelos más frecuentemente utilizados en escenarios clínicos: BEDSIDE, SNAPPS, IDEA y el tutor de un minuto. Presentamos de forma sintética la metodología, contexto de aplicación, evidencia de validez y limitaciones de estos modelos.
Laicidade do Estado e da educação: valorizando as discussões sobre gêneros e sexualidades nas escolas públicas
Authors: Sepulveda Denize , Sepulveda José Antonio
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar possibilidades de ações que potencializam o debate sobre gêneros e sexualidades nas escolas públicas brasileiras, tendo em vista o movimento conservador que estamos vivendo. Concluímos que uma importante arma contra o preconceito nas escolas é a defesa da laicidade do Estado e da educação.
Enfrentamentos em torno de gênero: resistências em defesa da diversidade nas escolas
Authors: Jesus Fátima Weiss de , Pantoja Ramily Frota
Published: July 2020

O artigo apresenta e discute, a partir de Manaus, o engajamento de pessoas ativistas/militantes LGBT e professoras/es antropólogas/es e de outras áreas interessadas/es no campo de gênero na reação à retirada de gênero nos textos dos planos municipal e estadual de educação e na criação de um grupo/movimento para contestar a Lei Municipal nº 439/2017:  o Educação pela Diversidade no Amazonas (Ediversa). Da mesma forma, procuramos compreender como categorias de entendimento são apropriadas, acionadas e reconstituídas no campo político e como acontece o enfrentamento das posições de tal campo a partir de teorias de gênero e sexualidade e suas apropriações em torno dos direitos humanos em gênero e sexualidade, ou seja, resistências.
O DESENHO DA PERFORMANCE NO CONTEXTO DA 14ª EDIÇÃO DA QUADRIENAL DE PRAGA: TEATRALIDADE TESTEMUNHAL EM THIS BUILDING TALKS TRULY
Authors: Pereira Dalmir Rogério
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda o desenho da performance a partir do estudo de caso do projeto expositivo This Building Talks Truly proposto pela República da Macedônia do Norte e premiado com a Triga de Ouro de melhor projeto na Mostra de Países e Regiões da 14ª edição da Quadrienal de Praga de Desenho da Performance e Espaço. O estudo propõe a problematização da “qualidade pública da obra” (Cornago, 2019) concebida sob a forma de situação e/ou dispositivo na qual será analisada as estratégias de ativação do espaço através da performance. Especificamente na condição de atividade e gesto simbólico inseridos na esfera social comunitária e seu deslocamento para o espaço expositivo. Para a análise será utilizado o conceito de teatralidade como operador de leitura a partir noção de “teatralidade testemunhal” (Diegues, 2016) definida pela autora como estratégia capaz de tornar visíveis e advertir processos de deterioração e aniquilação de comunidades na relação sujeito e espaço. Neste sentido, a teatralidade atua como dispositivo expandido capaz de incidir na disposição de comportamentos e acontecimentos localizados no contexto das práticas cênicas como discurso social e intervenção cultural. Condição que autoriza o deslocamento teórico e prático da perspectiva do desenho da cena enquanto mirada para as produções das supostas estéticas cotidianas, para além do teatro e das artes. O Projeto Expositivo atua como um mosaico de sobreposições e deslocamentos de linguagens e situações tendo como centro gravitacional o acontecimento síntese um programa relacional comunitário de longo prazo, desenvolvido no Edifício Ferroviário ocupado. Neste sentido, pressupõe-se que independente da realidade cultural, econômica e geográfica a teatralidade testemunhal enquanto dispositivo, atua como mecanismo gerador de espaços liminares capazes de suspender, transitar e reorganizar linguagens e realidades em modelos experimentais de antiestruturas (Turner, 2013). Palavras-chavesDesenho da Performance. Estética Relacional.  Teatralidade Testemunhal. This Building Talks Truly.
Sistema escolar chileno
Authors: Escudero Jaime Caiceo
Published: July 2020

Al observar el desarrollo de la educación en Chile se percibe el alto nivel de cobertura en el sistema escolar, en que sus años de escolaridad es comparable con países europeos, tales como España y Portugal: sobre los 10 años. Falta aún, sin embargo, mejorar su calidad: las pruebas internacionales como PISA o TIMMS lo ubican bajo la media de las mediciones. Este trabajo se centrará en el desarrollo del sistema escolar, especialmente desde la vuelta a la democracia en el país, es decir, a partir de 1990; para comprender sus avances se identificarán y analizarán las principales leyes, expresión de las políticas públicas que se han ido implementando. La metodología será la propia de los estudios históricos, recurriendo a fuentes primarias y secundarias.
Pesquisas contemporâneas sobre a condição do negro no Brasil e a universidade:
Authors: Silva Marcos antonio batista da
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho propõe oferecer uma síntese de textos selecionados a partir de um amplo levantamento publicado pela Edições Câmara no ano de 2017, sobre a condição do negro no Brasil. Para este estudo, privilegiamos a questão da universidade no contexto das relações étnico-raciais. O estudo reuniu uma bibliografia abrangente e diversificada que serviu para alicerçar a revisão de literatura e a construção de um dos eixos de um o trabalho em andamento no projeto POLITICS - A política de antirracismo na Europa e na América Latina: produção de conhecimento, decisão política e lutas coletivas. O estudo é oportuno para a reflexão e alicerçar novos trabalhos sobre a temática das relações étnico-raciais nas sociedades contemporâneas, aprofundando o conhecimento sobre raça, e antirracismo, proporcionando uma maior compreensão sobre a forma como as injustiças historicamente enraizadas estão a ser questionadas por instituições, em particular a universidade.
Grafitecidade como Plataforma Produtora de Imagens na Cartografia Urbana
Authors: Oliveira José Geraldo
Published: July 2020

Grafitecidade é um espaço de ação em que agentes transgressores se apropriam esteticamente da cidade e a transformam em uma plataforma de imagens. A proposta deste ensaio é uma reflexão sobre a paisagem urbana como uma narrativa através da ação dos grafiteiros, agentes contemporâneos de comunicação e de apropriação do espaço urbano. Um território de metáforas em movimento que em seu caráter efêmero reúne pontos de tensões dialéticas. Uma paisagem ritmada pela interação do observador em movimento que produz olhares nos interstícios urbanos, já que o corpo do observador também está ali e deseja interagir. O caminhante pode perceber fragmentos das várias cidades contidas na cidade, em que os grafiteiros impõem uma comunicação que transita entre a agressividade e a passividade do observador, ao mesmo tempo em que busca criar um território de diálogo hibrido onde confluem as tensões, o pertencimento, a identidade.
Mediações Comunicativas da Cultura Automotiva
Authors: Quintanilha Sergio Robinson , Bucci Eugênio
Published: July 2020

O propósito do presente artigo é dar maior dimensão epistemológica a uma pesquisa baseando-a na teoria barberiana da comunicação. Reunindo elementos de três mapas de mediações oferecidos por Jesús Martín-Barbero, os autores criam um mapa exclusivo para investigar o chamado jornalismo automotivo (especializado em veículos automotores), os automóveis e a mobilidade, ao qual dão o nome de Mediações Comunicativas da Cultura Automotiva. O projeto busca pistas para percorrer o caminho entre o mito da liberdade oferecida por um automóvel e o amplo conceito de mobilidade que se faz necessária dentro do parâmetro das grandes cidades que se pretendam sustentáveis e, em boa medida, já demandada pelo público.
O Brasil entre duas Copas
Authors: Karls Cleber Eduardo , Silva Cecilia Seabra Gomes da
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo analisa as mudanças na comunicação e as inovações ocorridas nessa área entre as Copas do Mundo de 1950 e 2014, realizadas no Brasil. A partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar de análise comparada, são abordadas as principais alterações na relação entre mídias e esportes - notadamente o futebol - no contexto histórico de transformações sociais motivadas pelos avanços tecnológicos, em especial os que impactaram nas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). Analisar o ambiente comunicacional em torno de cada uma das copas do mundo resulta num traçado de duas realidades distintas, onde a relação entre o homem e as mídias, tecnologias, comunicação e inovações nesse campo se dão com objetivos igualmente distintos, dadas as demandas sociais e mercadológicas de cada época.