bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La importancia de los supuestos en la creación y resolución de problemas en la teoría de probabilidad.
Authors: González Navarrete Manuel
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo proponemos un enfoque para abordar los conceptos básicos de la teoría de probabilidad en la formación de profesores de matemática. Basados en la resolución de problemas, presentamos y ejemplificamos las nociones que fundamentan la teoría moderna de probabilidad; $\sigma$-álgebra, variable aleatoria y distribución de probabilidad. Nuestra propuesta busca realzar la importancia de los supuestos en el planteamiento y resolución de problemas del área de probabilidades. Como referencia usamos una situación propuesta por U. Malaspina \cite{mala}, en este estudio analizamos un par de problemas matemáticos que derivan de dicha situación.
Enseñar y aprender cálculo con ayuda de la vista gráfica 3D de GeoGebra
Authors: Del Río Laura
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se esbozan los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la utilización de la vista gráfica 3D de GeoGebra como herramienta para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. También se comparten algunas ideas, a modo de ejemplo, de construcciones que pueden realizarse para ayudar a comprender algunos conceptos que suelen resultar difíciles para los alumnos, debido a la gran dificultad de representarlos gráficamente utilizando sólo lápiz y papel, obligando al estudiante a limitarse a su manipulación algebraica. Los ejemplos abordados se relacionan con los temas: sólidos de revolución, extremos relativos en funciones de dos variables y cálculo de límites en funciones de dos variables.
Can I Hang? Ideal Time to Replace Isotonic Crystalloid Intravenous Fluids and Sets to Prevent Fluid Contamination and Blood Stream Infection: a Knowledge Summary
Authors: Fausak Erik Davis , Spelts Samantha Rae , Brown Rebecca Lee
Published: November 2016

Clinical bottom line

Based on very poor veterinary and human evidence, fluid bags and IV sets should be changed every 96 hours whether on one or multiple patients. Additionally, supportive evidence suggests that creating a routine of wiping ports with alcohol prior to injection or withdrawal may significantly decrease the likelihood of fluid contamination. This certainly seems to be an area that needs more research. 

  
Variación en las abundancias de Homocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en el páramo de Rabanal, Boyacá-Colombia / Variation in the Abundances of Homocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in the Rabanal Paramo, Boyacá-Colombia
Authors: Moreno Mancilla Oscar Felipe , Molano Rendón Fredy
Published: November 2016

ResumenEl conocimiento acerca los escarabajos coprófagos de los páramos en Colombia es insuficiente y limitado, siendo éstos ambientes uno de los ecosistemas considerados poco muestreados para el caso de éste taxón. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer una aproximación al uso del hábitat de Homocopris achamas en el páramo de Rabanal. Se registró una única especie de la familia Scarabaeidae: Homocopris achamas, de la cual se capturaron un total de 46 individuos, 1 individuo fue capturado en la cobertura Bosque, 5 en el borde Bosque-Frailejonal, 22 en el Frailejonal y 18 en el Pastizal. De éstos el 36.4 % fueron hembras y el 63.6 % fueron machos. La totalidad de los individuos fueron colectados durante la época lluviosa, mientras que en el muestreo realizado durante la época seca no se colectó ningún ejemplar. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las abundancias de H. achamas en las diferentes coberturas vegetales presentes en el páramo sugiriendo una preferencia de la especie por las coberturas de frailejonal y pastizal y un uso mínimo de las coberturas de borde e interior de bosque. AbstractThe knowledge about dung beetles in Colombian paramos is insufficient and limited, due to that theseecosystems have been poorly sampled for Scarabaidae family case. This paper aims to describe the variation in the abundances of Homocopris achamas, unique species of the family Scarabaeidae reported in the Rabanal paramo. 46 specimens were collected, from which one was captured inside the forest, five in the frailejonal-forest edge, 22 in frailejonal and 18 in grassland. 36.4% of them were female and 63.6% were male. All specimens were collected during the rainy season. Significant differences in the H. achamas abundances were found in the different vegetables covers present in the paramos, suggesting that H. achamas prefers frailejonal and grassland covers more than the forests edge and interior covers. prefers frailejonal and grassland covers more than the forests edge and interior covers.
From European to Brazilian Portuguese: A parameter tree approach
Authors: Avelar Juanito Ornelas de , Galves Charlotte
Published: November 2016

Nesse artigo, apresentamos uma análise da mudança do português clássico para o português brasileiro. Tomando como base a existência neste de características sintáticas amplamente atestadas nas línguas do grupo bantu, bem como a importância demográfica ao longo da história do Brasil das populações de origem africana, propomos que o português sofreu no Brasil uma mudança tipológica, sob a influência das línguas africanas que foram trazidas ao Brasil pelo trâfego de escravos. No quadro teórico da versao minimalista da teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros, argumentamos que dois parâmetros gramaticais são crucialmente envolvidos nessa mudança: a possibilidade para expressões nominais de serem inseridos na derivação sem traço de caso e a ausência de sensibilidade do traço EPP da categoria funcional Tempo à existência de traços-phi.  Seguindo o modelo paramêtrico de Roberts  (2012), sugerimos que essas propriedades derivam de uma árvore paramétrica afetando Concordância e Caso.
Terena, Chané, Guaná and Kinikinau are one and the same language:
Authors: Carvalho Fernando
Published: November 2016

Este estudo parte da avaliação dos materiais existentes sobre as línguas Chané, Guaná e Kinikinau, usualmente apresentadas, juntamente com o Terena, como línguas distintas do ramo meridional da família Arawak, e propõe uma avaliação do grau de distanciamento entre essas variedades. Argumento que a evidência existente – em muitos casos restrita a poucos itens vocabulares – não permite considerar esses rótulos como denotando línguas distintas da língua Terena. Motivado por essa conclusão, e pelo fato adicional de que rótulos como Guaná e Kinikinau são ambíguos, uma vez que se referem também a outras línguas não-Arawak, proponho que os rótulos Chané, Guaná e Kinikinau sejam eliminados de classificações linguísticas da família Arawak e de trabalhos de referência sobre as línguas do Chaco-Pantanal, por sugerirem a existência de maior diversidade linguística regional do que de fato existe. Tal proposta encontra-se de acordo com algumas classificações referenciais, as quais incluem Chané, Guaná e Kinikinau, seja como denominações alternativas da língua Terena, seja como dialetos pouco diferenciados da mesma. Por fim, apresento uma breve discussão de questões ainda pouco exploradas quanto ao processo e os resultados da diferenciação entre essas variedades, como aquela relacionada ao papel que o contato com variedades do Guaraní, com línguas da família Guaicurú e com outras línguas da região do Chaco-Pantanal teve na produção das diferenças atestadas.
Penalaran Proporsional Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Nugraha Yandika , Sujadi Imam , Pangadi Pangadi
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik penalaran proporsional siswa. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tasikmadu Kabupaten Karanganyar. Prosedur pemilihan subjek dengan cara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara think aloud method. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi waktu. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara: (1) mengelompokkan data dalam 2 kategori, kemudian mereduksi data yang tidak termasuk dalam 2 kategori tersebut, (2) menyajikan data dalam teks naratif, dan (3) menyimpulkan karakteristik penalaran proporsional siswa kemudian membandingkan subjek yang berada pada level yang sama. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan pada enam subjek siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Tasikmadu, terdapat empat siswa yang sudah bisa bernalar kuantitatif yaitu mampu memanipulasi situasi perbandingan dengan menggunakan suatu bilangan dan dua siswa menggunakan perkalian silang tetapi tidak sepenuhnya memahami hubungan invarian dan kovarian.
Investment and Development Banking and Its Development in Turkey
Authors: Celik Ismail Erkan , Hacioglu Umit , Dincer Hasan
Published: November 2016

Banks, one of the most significant economic means of the nations and international organizations, have occasionally become one of the institutions mostly affected by the financial crisis in the world. Especially in the economies of the developed countries, one of the most important aspects of the financial sector is measured by the size of the financial resources and assets of the banks. The size and place of the investment banks depends on the investment and existing credit reserves appropriated by its members. From this perspective, scrutinizing the Investment and Developments Banks, which is one of the economic growth criteria, is of high importance. To this end, in addition to the operation of the Investment and Development Banks, financial products of these banks in Turkey are also analyzed in this study.
Regional Development and Effects of Investment Banks
Authors: Celik Ismail Erkan , Hacioglu Umit , Dincer Hasan
Published: November 2016

The World Bank is the most important financier for international investment. The bank opens credits mostly for investment projects in developing countries. Turkey has received various investment credits since its membership to the World Bank on March 11, 1947. The credits were used for economic and social domains. Turkey has also been granted credits from the European Investment Bank (EIB). The credits received are composed of micro credits that belong to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A regional development bank, Islamic Development Bank, has also received credits through Eximbank and Industrial Development Bank of Turkey (TSKB) to finance Turkish SMEs. This paper deals with Turkish investment strategies in the framework of basic principles of investment – development banks.
Delayed Onset Peripheral Nerve Blockade in a Patient with Congenital Myopathy
Authors: Moosajee Vazira , Egeler Christian , Walters Richard Jon , Topliss Claire , Ford Simon
Published: November 2016

Reports of delayed induction or “all or nothing” local anaesthetic resistance are well documented in patients with connective tissue disorders [1] but, as yet, no clear relationship between myopathies and local anaesthetic resistance is known. We discuss a case of a five‐hour delay in onset of sciatic nerve blockade, on two separate occasions, in a patient with myosin storage myopathy, a form of congenital myopathy. We believe this to be first clinical documentation of such a phenomenon.
Getting the anticoagulation right in the intensive care
Authors: Thachil Jecko , Heap Laura , Nash Michael , Hay Charles
Published: November 2016

Thromboprophylaxis and antithrombotic treatment are often required in intensive care patients. The current standard anticoagulant of choice is low molecular weight heparins, which do not usually require monitoring and have a very good safety profile. However monitoring is advised in patients at extremes of body weight and, rarely, low molecular weight heparins cause thrombocytopenia. Alternative anticoagulants can also be problematic in patients at extremes of body weight.
Numerical investigation of a planetary drive for wind mills
Authors: Tultayev Baurzhan , Zhauyt Algazy , Kopesbayeva Aksholpan , Auezova Alma , Balbayev Gani , Shingissov Beibit
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the design of a planetary drive with 2 degrees of freedom and simulation of the proposed mechanism in ADAMS software. The mechanism can be used to smoothly change the reduction ratio depending to the applied load on the output shaft. At constant input of motor the proposed mechanism is able to provide variable output speed. The paper is aimed to study the capability of the mechanism to adapt the operation to variable loads. The design constraint has been selected to an application as a reducer of speed on a wind mill. The results of the simulation have been aimed to outline the output parameters of a planetary drive for wind mills.
Non-linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete bridge columns under vehicle impact loadings
Authors: Kim WooSeok , Jeong Yoseok , Kim Kyeongjin , Lee Jaeha
Published: November 2016

A 3D nonlinear impact analysis was performed for reinforced concrete bridge columns under truck impact loadings. Three different boundary conditions were considered to investigate the effect of superstructures on the integral column during impact. Fixed bottom conditions and restraints in the loading direction at the top of the column (Model I) showed the largest damaged area. The dominant failure mode of the column was shear. However, Model II, which is equivalent to Model I with the top released, showed less damage, and the dominant failure modes were flexure rather than shear. In Model III, in which the effect of featured the superstructure was considered, the shear and flexural damage to the column were reduced due to the movement of the superstructures.
Modeling and analysis of the vibration characteristics of a new type of in-arm hydropneumatic suspension of a tracked vehicle
Authors: Yang Congbin , Gao Xiaodong , Liu Zhifeng , Cai Ligang , Cheng Qiang , Zhang Caixia
Published: November 2016

We investigated the nonlinear elastic characteristic of an in-arm hydropneumatic suspension unit (ISU) as well as the damping characteristic of the controllable vane absorber. Due to the strong nonlinear characteristic of the ISU, simplify is needed to accurately model the vehicle. Based on the theory of multibody dynamics, a virtual prototype of the tracked vehicle was built, which includes the hydraulic system, the multi-dynamics of running gears and a road surface model. The virtual prototype is validated using both a static balancing test and a stiffness characteristics test. By simulating the road impact loading of the tracked vehicle when travelling on a trapezoidal US military road, the changes of the pitch angle and the acceleration of seats and centroid of the tracked vehicle was analyzed for two different damping ratios. We also determined key ride indicators for different speeds. The stiffness and damping characteristics of the ISU were tested in a bench experiment.
Multiple physical signals based residual life prediction model of slewing bearing
Authors: Wang Hua , Tang Yan , Hong Rongjing
Published: November 2016

Critical failure of a slewing bearing used in large machines would entail high costs to an enterprise. Designing the condition monitoring system to diagnose the failure or predict the residual life of the slewing bearing is a practical and effective method to reduce unexpected stoppage or optimize the maintenances. Many literatures mentioned the life prediction of small typical rolling bearings based on the vibration signal. However slewing bearing is a large low-speed heavy-load bearing completely different from small bearing. Some researchers focused on the fault diagnosis of slewing bearing using non-traditional methods with vibration signals. And no published literatures mention the life prediction researches of slewing bearings based on the condition monitoring. Therefore, this paper presents a residual life model for slewing bearing based on multiple physical signals (torque, temperature and vibration). The correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) based multiple sensitive features in time-domain were used to establish the performance recession indicators of temperature, torque and vibration, and these three indicators are input to the support vector regression (SVR) to construct the residual life model. The test results show that the PCA fusion combined correlation based features selection is an effective method of choosing the performance regression indicators, which is able to make full use of various features. The residual life prediction model based on temperature, torque and vibration signals can well reflect the performance recession trend and is suitable to predict the residual life of slewing bearing effectively.
The influence of elastohydrodynamic lubrication on the stiffness of deep groove ball bearing
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xie Liyang , Lv Xiao , Sun Guohua
Published: November 2016

An accurate modeling of roller bearing element, considering the complex contact behavior and load conditions, is very important to the geared-rotor system design. This paper presents an enhanced bearing stiffness matrix for a deep groove ball bearing by including the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) effects in the ball-raceway contact. The bearing model is subjected to the coupled lateral-translational loads. The EHL contact is calculated by employing the multilevel method. Then, the EHL result was used to drive the relationship between the contact force and mutual approach. Moreover, the effect of the centrifugal inertial force on the ball elements resulting from the circumferential cage motion is considered. New equilibrium equations of the ball bearing considering the EHL contact model were established, and an enhanced bearing stiffness matrix was given. The dominant stiffness coefficients of deep groove ball bearing due to external loads under both lubricated and dry contact conditions are compared. Parametrical studies are also carried out to investigate the influence of the EHL on the stiffness matrix. Results show that the EHL has a negligible effect on the radial stiffness coefficients for all load conditions. However, the EHL has more influence on the rotational and coupling stiffness coefficients.
A hybrid artificial neural network with Dempster-Shafer theory for automated bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Hui Kar Hoou , Ooi Ching Sheng , Lim Meng Hee , Leong Mohd Salman
Published: November 2016

Bearing fault diagnosis has a pivotal role in condition-based maintenance. Vibration spectra analysis has been proven to be the most efficient method for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. Vibration spectra can be analyzed by various signal processing tools (e.g. wavelet analysis, empirical mode decomposition, Hilbert-Huang transform). However, they involve human expertise in ensuring its maximum success. Machine learning tools (e.g. artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM)) can be an alternative for an automatic fault diagnosis. Researchers have studied the feasibility of ANN for automatic fault diagnosis since last decades. Most of the researchers reported positive finding in adapting ANN for automatic fault diagnosis. However, its accuracy is highly dependent on the neural networks structure such as number of nodes, hidden layers, and sigmoid function. This study proposed a hybrid algorithm used for automated bearing fault diagnosis based on ANN and Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. The hybrid algorithm employed DS theory to improve the fault diagnosis results from ANN by eliminating conflicting results generated by ANN. Four conditions of bearing namely healthy condition and three types of faults included ball, inner race, and outer race faults classify by the proposed hybrid algorithm and artificial neural networks. The superiority of the hybrid algorithm was shown by comparing its result with the performance of ANN alone.
Research into the characteristics of horizontal gaseous jets underwater
Authors: Tang Yunlong , Li Shipeng
Published: November 2016

The gaseous jet of the solid rocket motor running under water is influenced by both gravity and buoyancy, which will have a significant influence on the flow field structure and thrust of the motor, especially in the initial period when vehicles are launching horizontally. The work in this paper consists of three parts: firstly, to understand the mechanism of the thrust oscillation characteristics and the jet structure of a solid rocket motor running under water, as affected by gravity and buoyancy, a 3-d numerical simulation using the volume of fluid (VOF) model was established. Compared with those results neglecting gravity and buoyancy, conclusions were obtained that the jet structure, considering gravity and buoyancy, are more consistent with the experimental results. Secondly, the principle of momentum was used to analyze the flow field structure and the thrust oscillating characteristics in the initial period of operation. Finally, after analyzing the density gradient along the axis of the motor, results indicated that the length of jets under the influence of gravity and buoyancy varies linearly and the slope of the line is related to the working conditions. Comparing the trajectories under different conditions, a common theme emerged. The laws of thermodynamics are also used to simulate the jets as gas-water-vapor, three-phase, systems. The effect of phase transitions on the structure of jets and the characteristics of their thrust form the key conclusions.
Research on dynamical characteristics of planetary gear system with tooth pitting
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Dong Shaojiang , Liao Changrong , Tao Youchuan , He Zeyin
Published: November 2016

The dynamical characteristics research of planetary gear system with tooth pitting is useful for early fault diagnosis and monitor. However, it is an unsolved puzzle to establish the relationship between tooth pitting and dynamical characteristics. In this study, a pitting fault analytical model is proposed to investigate the effects of tooth pitting on the gear mesh stiffness. Then this mesh stiffness with tooth pitting is incorporated into a dynamical model of planetary gear system, and the effects of the tooth pitting on the vibration characteristics is investigated. The simulated results show that the time-varying mesh stiffness is reduced with tooth pitting propagations along width or depth direction. The mesh frequency and its harmonics are mainly frequencies components in the frequency spectrum of dynamic mesh force, but sidebands caused by the tooth pitting are more sensitive than the mesh frequency and its harmonics. The tooth pitting frequency and its harmonics also increase with the rising rotational speed of the sun gear. In addition, both relative statistical indicators of RMS and Kurtosis increase with the growth of tooth pitting size. But the relative indicators have different sensitivity on the vibration signal type. These results could supply some guidance to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of planetary gear system, especially to the gear tooth pitting at early stage.
Research on the vibration characteristics of the commercial-vehicle cabin based on experimental design and genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Li-ya , Zhao Yang , Li Lan-ping , Ding Zheng-yin
Published: November 2016

Most of the published researches on the vibration isolation performance of the commercial vehicle focus on the suspension system and the power-train system, and few of them focus on the cabin. Moreover, the researches on the cabin mostly focus on how to reduce the interior noise, and the interior vibration characteristics have not received adequate attention. Therefore, this paper tries to research the vibration characteristics of the commercial-vehicle cabin in order to improve ride comfort. Firstly, the vibration characteristic of the cabin was tested on the actual road. Then, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the commercial vehicle was built, and the computational results were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the results were consistent with each other, which showed that the computational model was reliable. Finally, based on the verified computation model, some parameters that influenced the vibration characteristic of the cabin were explored. As a result, the influencing tendency of each parameter to the cabin vibration under each working condition was obtained, but influencing levels of each parameter cannot be analyzed quantitatively. In order to research the contribution degree of each parameter to the vibration in cabin, DOE (Design of Experiment) method was used for the analysis to provide references for the optimal matching of a cabin suspension system. Then, the vibration in the cabin was optimized based on genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal performance. This research can provide a reference for the other researches on the reduction vibration for the cabin.
Rolling bearing fault feature extraction under variable conditions using hybrid order tracking and EEMD
Authors: Jiang Hongkai , Cai Qiushi , Zhao Huiwei , Meng Zhiyong
Published: November 2016

To effectively extract rolling bearing fault feature under variable conditions, a hybrid method based on order tracking and EEMD is proposed in this paper. This method takes the advantages of order tracking, ensemble empirical mode decomposition and 1.5 dimension spectrum. Firstly, order tracking is used to transform the time domain non-stationary vibration signal to angular domain stationary signal. Secondly, ensemble empirical mode decomposition is performed to decompose the angular domain stationary signal into a series of IMFs, and select the IMF in which the largest vibration energy occurs as the characteristic IMF. Thirdly, 1.5 dimension spectrum is further employed to analyze the characteristic IMF, and extract the fault features from background noise. The proposed method is applied to analyze the experimental vibration signals, and the analysis results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method under variable conditions.
Experimental research and numerical simulation of influence of pre-stress values on the natural vibration frequency of concrete simply supported beams
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Feng
Published: November 2016

To study the relationship between the fundamental frequencies and pre-stress values, based on experiments and numerical simulation, the simply supported was excited under different pre-stress values through using the hammering method. The collected acceleration signals in the mid-span of the beam were processed and analyzed to obtain the relationship between the fundamental frequency and pre-stress values. As shown from the analyzed result, the relationship between the fundamental frequency and pre-stress values could not be explained better based on the traditional “Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation” theory. The fundamental frequency of the pre-stressed beam with the hammering method would be increased with the increasing pre-stress value. When the hammering method was introduced into the numerical simulation, its analysis result and the experimental result were very approximate and presented a small error, which indicated the feasibility and accuracy of the analyzed method. When the pre-stress value was a constant, the fundamental frequency of the beam would be increased with the increasing eccentric distance of the pre-stressing tendon. When other conditions were constant, the fundamental frequency of the beam presented a decreasing trend with the counterweight at the upper part of the beam.
Influence of motor control characteristics on load sharing behavior of torque coupling gear set
Authors: Li Ming , Yang Yang , Hu Minghui , Qin Datong
Published: November 2016

The influence of the control characteristics of a direct torque control (DTC) motor on the load sharing behavior of a torque coupling gear set is studied by establishing a dynamic model of a multi-motor torque coupling system. The effects of run-out errors of the pinions of the torque coupling gear set on the powertrain are analyzed under steady operating conditions. The difference in rotational speed among the pinions becomes apparent, and the load sharing behavior deteriorates when there are run-out errors. The relationship between the control characteristics and load sharing behavior is studied. The difference in rotational speed decreases and the load sharing behavior improves as proportional and integral gains of the speed controller increase.
Dynamic response prediction of non-obstructive particle damping using principles of gas-solid flows
Authors: Lei Xiaofei , Wu Chengjun
Published: November 2016

Particle damping is a kind of passive and strongly nonlinear damping for energy dissipation. Many researchers have expended huge amounts of effort and time to study internal mechanism of particle damping. However, there is not a systematic and feasible approach for estimating damping performance of non-obstructive particle damping (NOPD). In this paper, we performed studies to mathematically evaluate the damping effect of particle damping based on principles of gas-solid flows. In consideration of the structural characteristics of NOPD which granular materials should be filled into sealed cavity of vibrating structure and the damping act on lateral and bottom of holes in NOPD technology, the gross damping is divided into lateral damping and bottom damping by Janson's theory of stress change direction. And the damping coefficients are compiled into a plug-in by MATLAB and are invoked in FEM software by enterprise integration kits of COMSOL. Meanwhile the frequency domain and time domain analysis of the experiment are used to verify the prediction accuracy of dynamic vibration response of an aluminium cantilever beam which ONPD is imposed at the free end with different packing rate and granular material, the result indicate that the mathematical model has excellent performance to predict the dynamic vibration response of NOPD. Then, the relationship damping effect with the particle filling ratio, particle density and length-diameter ratio of the hole is also researched using co-simulation, it should be noted that larger packing rate and particle density, smaller length-diameter ratio of the hole can play excellent damping effects in NOPD.
Marker Assisted Selection for Bacterial Leaf Blight Rice Mutant Lines Resistant
Authors: Aryanti A. , Almaida A. , Heryani Rika , Supriatna Nana
Published: November 2016

Induction of mutation using gamma rays for improving of Mira-1 rice variety has been conducted.Rice mutant lines M2 generation have been obtained from mutation by the doses of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and200 Gy of gamma rays. Selection of mutant lines tolerant to the disease was only observed in the field neithergenetically. Marker assisted selection is a tool to obtain a new rice variety tolerant to the disease of bacterialleaf blight (BLB) genetically. Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae (Xa) was the pathogen of BLB, and the identificationof rice mutant lines which were containing of Xa5, Xa13 and Xa21 genes have been done using PolymeraseChain Reaction ( PCR ) method. The result showed that one mutant line, and four mutant lines from mutationby the doses of 25 Gy and 150 Gy were containing Xa5, Xa13 and Xa21 genes the same as that of Code ricevariety as positive control, and none in Kencana Bali rice variety as negative control. Mira-1 rice variety as theparent plant was only contains Xa5 and Xa21 genes. The doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy were very affective onremoving of all bands for identification of those genes. The purpose of this research was to obtain the mutantlines which were contain of those Xa genes as indicator for resistant to BLB disease genetically.
Sequences Analysis of a Gene Encoding Extracellular Xylanase in Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3
Authors: Sipriyadi S. , Wahyudi Aris Tri , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja , Meryandini Anja
Published: November 2016

Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 is a bacterial strain belongs to actinomycetes group isolated from peat soil. Thebacterium is known to produce extracellular xylanase. The aims of this study were to analyze DNA sequence andsub-clone gene involved in the synthesis of extracellular xylanase. Complete DNA sequence predicted to encodexylanase genes was isolated from bacterial genome using Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (I-PCR). Total DNAsequence of 1664 bp in size obtained from I-PCR consisted of two open reading frames (ORF) in opposite direction.ORF1 was 1029 bp and ORF2 (partial sequence) was 309 bp. Analysis sequence using BlastX indicated that ORF1was homologous with xylanase bacterium enrichment culture clone Xyl8B8 (GenBank accession No. AFH35005.1),i.e. 95% in identity and 99% in similarity. In addition, ORF2 was homologous with glyoxalase bacterium enrichmentculture clone Xyl8B8 (GenBank accession No. AFH35007.1), i.e. 95% in identity and 98% in similarity. Analysis ofamino acid sequence revealed that ORF1 consisted of 2 domains, i.e. glyco-hydrolase 11 (GH11) and CarbohydrateBinding Type 2 (CBM2). Active site was found at 130th amino acid on GH11 domain. Visualization of 3-dimensionstructure showed that 1029 bp fragment is of 19 areas.
Effects of Light Quality on Vegetative Growth and Flower Initiation in Phalaenopsis
Authors: Dewi Kumala , Purwestri Yekti Asih , Astuti Yohana Theresia Maria , Natasaputra Lila , Parmi P.
Published: November 2016

The effects of LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) emitting different colours namely red, blue, red andblue, and white lights on vegetative growth and fl ower initiation of Phalaenopsis have been evaluated.Phalaenopsis“otohine/taisuco fi re bird” seedlings in vitro were subjected to different light qualities for either2 or 4 weeks, and then each seedling was planted in a plastic pot containing sphagnum and grown in thegrowth chamber under similar light quality for 3 months. For fl ower induction, mature Phalaenopsis plantshaving 4 – 6 leaves were grown for 3 months in the growth chamber under different light qualities. The leafspan, chlorophyll, gibberellin and cytokinin content were determined. In addition, the expressions of FT-likegene in the leaf, axillary bud, fl ower bud and stalk were examined.Vegetative growth was enhanced under blue, red-blue or white LEDs compared to that of the control.Gibberellin and cytokinin content increased in the seedlings subjected to white LEDs. Based on the averageof leaf span increment it was suggested that the growth of Phalaenopsis seedlings can be promoted by givingeither blue, red-blue or white LEDs. From the second experiment, it was found that fl ower induction inPhalaenopsis can be obtained in plants that had just fi nished fl owering without the application of LEDs. Theexpression of FT-like gene in the leaf as well as fl ower bud and stalk suggests that this gene is involved infl ower regulation of Phalaenopsis.
Phylogenetic relationship of Gram Negative Bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae Family in the Positive Widal Blood Cultures based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequences
Authors: Darmawati Sri , Sembiring Langkah , Asmara Widya , Artama Wayan T. , Kawaichi Masashi
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of Gram negative bacteria (3strains of Salmonella typhi, 1 strain of Escherichia coli, 1 strain of Serratia marcescens, and 3 strains of Enterobactercloacae) of Enterobacteriaceae family in positive Widal blood cultures based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Theresults respectively showed that each two 16S rRNA gene clones of Serratia marcescens KD 08.4 had a closerelationship with 16S rRNA gene of Serrratia marcescens ATCC 13880 (similarity: 99.53-99.8%), Eschericia coliBA 30.1 with Eschericia coli ATCC 11775T (similarity: 99.38-99.67%), Salmonella typhi BA 07.4, Salmonella typhiKD 30.4, and Salmonella typhi SA 02.2 with Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430T (similarity: 99.4-100%) as well as theisolates of Enterobacter cloacae SA 02.1, Enterobacter cloacae BA 45.4.1, one 16S rRNA gene clone of Enterobactercloacae TG 03.5 with Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23373 (similarity: 99.0-99.87%).
Inter- and intraspecific variation of chloroplast mini- and microsatellites DNA in the four closed related Acacia species
Authors: Widyatmoko AYPBC , Shiraishi Susumu
Published: November 2016

Mini- and microsatellites of four Acacia species, A. aulacocarpa, A. auriculiformis, A. crassicarpa and A.mangium were investigated on four non-coding regions of cpDNA, the intron of trnL, and the intergenicspacers of trnL - trnP, trnD - trnY, and trnP – trnW. Nine single base substitutions and six informative miniandmicrosatellites were detected in the the four cpDNA non-coding regions. Based on the substitutionsand mini- and microsatellites, ten cpDNA haplotypes (A - J) could be distinguished. Acacia auriculiformispossessed fi ve haplotypes, A. aulacocarpa, four haplotypes, and A. crassicarpa, three haplotypes. All samplesof A. mangium possessed the same haplotype. Mini- and microsatellites recognized in this study can beused for species identifi cation of the four Acacia species. The ten haplotypes could divided the four speciesinto 2 groups, A. aulacocarpa-A.crassicarpa group and A. auriculiformis-A. mangium group. By developing thePCR-based markers based on the sequence information, many experiments can be carried out for the Acaciaimprovement programs.
The assessment of genetic variability and taxonomic affi nity of local pummelo accessions from Yogyakarta, Indonesia based on RAPD
Authors: Susandarini Ratna , Arifati Rina , Chasani Abdul Razaq , Subandiyah Siiti
Published: November 2016

Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is one of three biotypes considered as true species within the genus Citrus.A major issue of pummelo taxonomy in Indonesia is the high number of cultivars showing variability inphenotypic characters but of unknown genetic diversity. In this study, the assessment of genetic variabilityand taxonomic affi nity of local accessions of C. maxima from Yogyakarta was examined based on RAPDfi ngerprinting. The availability of universal primers and technical simplicity makes RAPD as a molecular toolof choice for the assessment of genetic variability at various taxonomic levels. In this study, 13 accessions of C.maxima collected from Yogyakarta were observed for their genetic variability. An additional three registeredcultivars were included for comparative purpose. Two decamer primers used for the amplifi cation of DNAproduced 222 bands with 174 of them were polymorphic. The data was subjected to cluster analysis to observethe grouping of accessions and taxonomic affi nity. Results indicated high genetic variability among accessions.The dendrogram constructed using UPGMA method based on simple matching coeffi cient showed twomain clusters were which was in line to morphological characters. The grouping of accessions showed cleardifferentiation between accessions bearing white and those with reddish fruit fl esh, and thus demonstratestaxonomic value of this study in recognizing important agronomic character for this tropical fruit crop.
Adjusting output impedance using a PI controller to improve the stability of a single phase inverter under weak grid
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Nelms R. Mark
Published: November 2016

Explored in this paper is the grid impedance effect on the stability of a single-phase grid connected inverter with an LC filter based on an analysis of the inverter output impedance. For a single-phase grid connected inverter, a PI controller is often used to regulate the current injected into the grid. However, the control performance can be influenced when the inverter is connected to a weak grid. Also, the utility grid has background harmonic noise, which can make the injected current distorted. Therefore, analysis of the output impedance of a single-phase grid connected inverter is important for the robustness and stability of the system. By modeling the output impedance of inverter, it can be determined that the proportional gain and integral gain of the controller have an effect on the output impedance. Analytical results show that by adjusting the PI controller parameters, the ability for harmonic reduction and stability of the system can be improved. Simulation and experiments using a 1 kW single-phase grid connected inverter verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Pitfalls in Global Warming Policy-Making: Reneging as an Alternative of Action
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: November 2016

The coincidence of the COP22 conference in Morocco and the election victory of Donald Trump is indeed a contradiction. The UN needs quickly to begin making the implementation of the COP21 Agreement goals operational—a gigantic management task for this century. But the USA may be the first nation to go at the Achilles heel of the entire COP21 project, namely reneging. Here, I list some of the major pitfalls with the endeavours of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which has not taken the lessons from the social sciences about coordination failures into account.
PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN KACANGAN PENUTUP TANAH Mucuna bracteata MELALUI BENIH, STEK BATANG DAN PENYUSUAN
Authors: Siagian Nurhawaty
Published: November 2016

Di perkebunan karet, sejak sepuluh tahun terakhir ini dikembangkan kacangan penutup tanah (LCC) Mucuna bracteata. Dibandingkan dengan LCC konvensional, Mucuna bracteata mempunyai keunggulan antara lain : laju pertumbuhan cepat, produksi biomassa tinggi, tahan terhadap naungan, tidak disukai ternak, toleran terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit, dapat berkompetisi dengan gulma dan pengendali erosi tanah secara baikKendala yang dihadapi para pekebun dalam mengembangkan M. bracteata adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan benih karena harus diimport dan harga benih cukup mahal. Pertanyaan yang sering disampaikan oleh para pekebun adalah bagaimana teknik memperbanyak tanaman M. bracteata, sehingga memberikan keberhasilan hidup yang tinggi.  Di dalam tulisan ini diuraikan secara lengkap  pembiakan M. bracteata  dengan cara stek batang, cara penyusuan serta dengan benih.  Biaya untuk membuat satu bibit polibeg M. bracteata dengan ketiga cara tersebut diatas adalah hampir sebanding yakni Rp 574,- (dengan biji), Rp 582,- (dengan stek) dan Rp 533,- (melalui penyusuan).  Dengan asumsi bahwa keberhasilan stek dan penyusuan adalah sama yaitu masing-masing 60%, maka jumlah tanaman polibeg yang dihasilkan dengan cara stek adalah mencapai 90.000 polibeg/ha sementara dengan cara penyusuan hanya 12.000 polibeg. Untuk penanaman baru, per hektar tanaman di lapangan dibutuhkan sebanyak 600 polibeg M. bracteata (termasuk bahan penyisip 10%). Dengan asumsi daya kecambah sekitar 63%, maka satu kilogram benih M. bracteata dapat memenuhi 7 ha tanaman karet di lapangan.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BAN BEKAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PIROLISIS
Authors: Falaah Asron Ferdian , Cifriadi Adi
Published: November 2016

Pertumbuhan industri otomotif yang semakin pesat mengakibatkan peningkatan permintaan ban kendaraan, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah limbah ban bekas. Oleh karena ban bekas sangat sulit terdegradasi oleh alam, maka diperlukan suatu teknik untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Salah satu cara untuk menangani limbah ban bekas adalah dengan mendegradasi secara thermal melalui proses pirolisis. Proses pirolisis adalah degradasi thermal suatu bahan dengan sedikit atau tanpa oksigen yang  dilakukan pada temperatur tinggi sekitar  300 – 900 0C.  Limbah ban bekas yang diperoleh dari proses buffing (proses penghalusan) pada pabrik vulkanisir ban mengandung karet dan bahan kimia karet seperti : karet alam, karet sintetis, filler (pengisi) seperti Carbon Black, Sulfur, Zinc Oxide, Processing Oil, Accelators, dll. Produk dari proses pirolisis limbah ban bekas berupa fase padat, cair dan gas. Fase padat adalah berupa arang (char), sedangkan fase cair dan fase gas berupa minyak (Oil) dan senyawa yang tidak terkondensasi (Pyro-gas). Produk cairan pirolisat dapat digunakan sebagai  bahan baku dalam berbagai aplikasi industri seperti industri pelarut, resin, lem, dan dispersing agent untuk pigmen warna. Produk padat berupa arang (char) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar padat atau dapat sebagai arang aktif (activated carbon) yang digunakan dalam unit pemurnian air (water purification unit), sedangkan produk gas dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bahan bakar pada proses pirolisis.
BIOFUNGISIDA TRIKO COMBI SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PENGENDALI JAMUR AKAR PUTIH PADA TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Setyawan Budi , Pawirosoemardjo Soekirman , Hadi Hananto
Published: November 2016

Penyakit jamur akar putih yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus microporus merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman karet di Indonesia, baik di perkebunan besar maupun rakyat. Kerugian secara finansial akibat penyakit ini sangat tinggi terutama di perkebunan karet rakyat. Pengendalian yang disarankan untuk penyakit ini adalah dengan pengendalian terpadu yaitu integrasi beberapa teknik pengendalian seperti pembongkaran tunggul, tanaman penutup tanah kacangan, seleksi bahan tanam, tanaman antagonis, biofungisida serta fungisida kimia yang diaplikasikan secara bijak. Hasil pengendalian pada umumnya masih belum memuaskan karena beberapa kendala teknis maupun non-teknis. Salah satu kendala yang cukup mengganggu yaitu mahalnya biaya, terutama bagi pekebun karet rakyat. Sebagai salah satu unsur dalam pengendalian terpadu, pengendalian secara biologi merupakan metode yang berpotensi besar. Pengendalian biologi menggunakan Trichoderma sp. sudah digunakan secara luas dan terbukti efektivitasnya. Cara tersebut tidak hanya efektif sebagai upaya preventif, tetapi juga murah, mudah diaplikasikan, dan ramah terhadap lingkungan. Triko Combi merupakan biofungisida semi-komersial yang diformulasi Balai Penelitian Getas dan memiliki empat jenis bahan aktif, yaitu Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma harzianum dan satu strain lokal Trichoderma sp. Pada percobaan dengan infeksi buatan Rigidoporus microporus di pembibitan polibeg menunjukkan adanya penekanan intensitas penyakit oleh perlakuan kombinasi empat jenis Trichoderma spp. tersebut dibandingkan bibit tanpa perlakuan, maupun bibit dengan aplikasi fungisida kimia. Hasil yang signifikan juga diperoleh melalui pengujian penghambatan langsung miselium Rigidoporus microporus secara in-vitro di laboratorium.
URGENSI SENSUS LILIT BATANG SEJAK TBM 1 SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN KERAGAAN DAN KESERAGAMAN TANAMAN KARET
Authors: Rouf Akhmad , Pamungkas Ari Santosa
Published: November 2016

Kecepatan tanaman karet memasuki matang sadap sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pertumbuhan pada saat fase tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM). Pengukuran lilit batang merupakan parameter yang sering digunakan dalam mengevaluasi pertumbuhan TBM. Pada umumnya pengukuran lilit batang pada saat TBM 1 sampai dengan TBM 3 dilakukan secara sampling, sedangkan pada TBM 4 dan 5 dilakukan secara sensus. Pengukuran lilit batang secara sampling seringkali kurang mencerminkan keadaan tanaman sebenarnya. Hal tersebut disebabkan ada subjektivitas dalam pengambilan sampel. Dampak yang sering terjadi adalah hasil evaluasi TBM 1 – 3 dinilai memiliki lilit batang standar dan keragaan tanaman digolongkan baik bahkan superior. Setelah dilakukan sensus lilit batang pada TBM 4 dan 5, keragaan tanaman hasil penilaian kadang berbalik menjadi kurang baik dan persentase tanaman dengan lilit batang di bawah standar lebih banyak. Metode sensus sejak akhir TBM 1 dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi setiap individu tanaman dan mengetahui kondisi tanaman secara lebih valid. Tanaman yang memiliki laju pertumbuhan kurang baik dapat segera diketahui dan dapat ditindaklanjuti melalui tindakan agronomis secara khusus dan selektif. Melalui tindakan tersebut, keragaan pada tanaman yang awalnya terhambat diharapkan menjadi lebih baik, sehingga persentase tanaman siap sadap semakin ditingkatkan dan waktu buka sadap tidak tertunda.