bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating Pattern and Nutritional Risks among People with Multiple Sclerosis Following a Modified Paleolithic Diet
Authors: Titcomb Tyler J. , Bisht Babita , Moore David D. , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Murry Daryl J. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Wahls Terry L.
Published: June 2020

Preliminary studies suggest that a modified Paleolithic diet may benefit symptoms of fatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this diet restricts the consumption of eggs, dairy, and gluten-containing grains, which may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, we evaluated the nutritional safety of this diet among people with progressive MS. Three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected from (n = 19) progressive MS participants in the final months of a diet intervention study and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Food group intake was calculated, and intake of micronutrients was evaluated and compared to individual recommendations using Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (NARs). Blood was drawn at baseline and the end of the study to evaluate biomarker changes. Mean intake of fruits and vegetables exceeded nine servings/day and most participants excluded food groups. The intake of all micronutrients from food were above 100% NAR except for vitamin D (29.6 ± 34.6%), choline (73.2 ± 27.2%), and calcium (60.3 ± 22.8%), and one participant (1/19) exceeded the Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) for zinc, one (1/19) for vitamin A, and 37% (7/19) exceeded the chronic disease risk reduction (CDRR) for sodium. When intake from supplements was included in the analysis, several individuals exceeded ULs for magnesium (5/19), zinc (2/19), sodium (7/19), and vitamins A (2/19), D (9/19), C (1/19), B6 (3/19), and niacin (10/19). Serum values of vitamins D, B12, K1, K2, and folate significantly increased compared to respective baseline values, while homocysteine and magnesium values were significantly lower at 12 months. Calcium and vitamin A serum levels did not change. This modified Paleolithic diet is associated with minimal nutritional risks. However, excessive intake from supplements may be of concern.
The Effect of an Online Sugar Fact Intervention: Change of Mothers with Young Children
Authors: Chen Yi-Chun , Huang Ya-Li , Chien Yi-Wen , Chen Mei Chun
Published: June 2020

Research indicates that high sugar intake in early childhood may increase risks of tooth decay, obesity and chronic disease later in life. In this sugar fact study, we explored whether an online intervention which focused on comprehensive and useful information about nutrition labels impacted mother’s choice of low sugar food. The intervention was developed on the basis of the theory of planned behavior. In total, 122 mothers were recruited. Mothers were divided into an online-only group and a plus group. Knowledge of sugar and nutrition labels, behavioral attitudes, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions and behavior towards purchasing low-sugar products with nutrition labels were collected. After the intervention, both groups exhibited significantly enhanced sugar and nutrition label knowledge, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions and behavior. Compared to the online-only group, knowledge, perceived behavioral control and behavior of the plus group significantly improved. After the intervention, about 40% of the plus group and 80% of the online-only group still did not know the World Health Organization (WHO) sugar recommendations. Understanding sugar recommendations and using nutrition labels are crucial to help people control calorie and sugar intake. Further research with a larger sample is warranted to evaluate the effects of the intervention on long-term changes in shopping behavior. More efficient and convenient nutrition education is required to increase public awareness of sugar recommendations and help people control calorie and sugar intake.
The Effect of Caffeine on the Risk and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Chien Tai , Chan Lung , Bai Chyi-Huey
Published: June 2020

Coffee and caffeine are speculated to be associated with the reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present study aimed to investigate the disease-modifying potential of caffeine on PD, either for healthy people or patients, through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases were searched using terms related to PD and coffee and caffeinated food products. Articles were included only upon fulfillment of clear diagnostic criteria for PD and details regarding their caffeine content. Reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed to identify eligible studies not shortlisted using these terms. In total, the present study enrolled 13 studies, nine were categorized into a healthy cohort and the rest into a PD cohort. The individuals in the healthy cohort with regular caffeine consumption had a significantly lower risk of PD during follow-up evaluation (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.797, 95% CI = 0.748–0.849, p < 0.001). The outcomes of disease progression in PD cohorts included dyskinesia, motor fluctuation, symptom onset, and levodopa initiation. Individuals consuming caffeine presented a significantly lower rate of PD progression (HR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.707–0.984, p = 0.03). In conclusion, caffeine modified disease risk and progression in PD, among both healthy individuals or those with PD. Potential biological benefits, such as those obtained from adenosine 2A receptor antagonism, may require further investigation for designing new drugs.
Characteristic Analysis of Trigonelline Contained in Raphanus sativus Cv. Sakurajima Daikon and Results from the First Trial Examining Its Vasodilator Properties in Humans
Authors: Sasaki Maho , Nonoshita Yuri , Kajiya Takashi , Atsuchi Nobuhiko , Kido Megumi , Chu Djong-Chi , Juneja Lekh Raj , Minami Yuji , Kajiya Katsuko
Published: June 2020

Vascular disease poses a major public health problem worldwide. Trigonelline isolated from Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon (Sakurajima radish) induces nitric oxide production from vascular endothelial cells and enhances vascular function. Here, we investigated the characteristics of trigonelline and its effects on endothelial function after consumption of Sakurajima radish by humans. Our results show that Sakurajima radish contains approximately 60 times more trigonelline than other radishes and squashes. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between varieties of Sakurajima radish, suggesting that any type of Sakurajima radish can be ingested for trigonelline supplementation. The effects of cooking and processing Sakurajima radish were also evaluated, as were the effects of freezing, and changes in osmotic pressure and pH. A first-in-human trial using Sakurajima radish showed that ingestion of 170 g/day of Sakurajima radish for ten days increased blood trigonelline concentrations and significantly improved flow-mediated dilation, which is a measure of vascular endothelial function. Overall, our findings suggest that the trigonelline contained in Sakurajima radish may contribute to improved human vascular endothelial function. Hence, Sakurajima radish may enhance vascular endothelial function as a functional food.
A Probiotic-Based Sanitation System for the Reduction of Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistances: A Budget Impact Analysis
Authors: Tarricone Rosanna , Rognoni Carla , Arnoldo Luca , Mazzacane Sante , Caselli Elisabetta
Published: June 2020

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and antibiotic resistance have high social and economic burdens. Healthcare environments play an important role in the transmission of HAIs. The Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS) has been shown to decrease hospital surface pathogens up to 90% vs. conventional chemical cleaning (CCC). This study compares PCHS to CCC as to reduction of HAIs and their severity, related antibiotic resistances, and costs. Incidence rates of HAIs/antibiotic resistances were estimated from a previously conducted multicenter pre-post (6 months CCC + 6 months PCHS) intervention study, after applying the propensity score matching technique. A budget impact analysis compared the current scenario of use of CCC with future scenarios considering increasing utilization of PCHS, from 5% to 50% in the next five years, from a hospital perspective in Italy. The cumulative incidence of HAI was 4.6% and 2.4% (p < 0.0001) for CCC (N = 4160) and PCHS (N = 4160) (OR = 0.47, CI 95% 0.37–0.60), with severe HAIs of 1.57% vs. 1% and antibiotic resistances of 1.13% vs. 0.53%, respectively. Increased use of PCHS over CCC in Italian internal medicine/geriatrics and neurology departments in the next 5 years is expected to avert at least about 31,000 HAIs and 8500 antibiotic resistances, and save at least 14 million euros, of which 11.6 for the treatment of resistant HAIs. Innovative, environmentally sustainable sanitation systems, like PCHS, might substantially reduce antibiotic resistance and increase protection of health worldwide.
Research into Neospora caninum—What Have We Learnt in the Last Thirty Years?
Authors: Reichel Michael P. , Wahl Lloyd C. , Ellis John T.
Published: June 2020

Background: Neospora caninum has been recognised world-wide, first as a disease of dogs, then as an important cause of abortions in cattle for the past thirty years. Over that time period, there have been improvements in the diagnosis of infection and abortion, new tests have been developed and validated, and it is timely to review progress to date. Methods: Bibliometric methods were used to identify major trends and research topics present in the published literature on N. caninum. The tools used were SWIFT-Review, VOSviewer and SciMAT, along with the published papers found in the MEDLINE, Dimensions and Web of Science databases. A systematic review of the published Neospora literature (n = 2933) was also carried out via MEDLINE and systematically appraised for publications relevant to the pathogenesis, pathology and diagnosis of Neospora abortions. Results: A total of 92 publications were included in the final analysis and grouped into four main time periods. In these four different time periods, the main research themes were “dogs”, “abortion”, “seroprevalence” and “infection”. Diagnostics, including PCR, dominated the first two time periods, with an increased focus on transmission and abortions, and its risk factors in cattle. Conclusions: Longitudinal analyses indicated that the main themes were consistently investigated over the last 30 years through a wide range of studies, with evolving emphasis initially on dogs and diagnostic test development, followed by application to cattle, the identification of the risk factors leading to abortion, and in the latter time periods, an understanding of the immunity and a search for vaccines.
The Role of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutant and Rad3-Related DNA Damage Response in Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Luo Ying , Hong Shiyuan
Published: June 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection leads to a variety of benign lesions and malignant tumors such as cervical cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Several HPV vaccines have been developed that can help to prevent cervical carcinoma, but these vaccines are only effective in individuals with no prior HPV infection. Thus, it is still important to understand the HPV life cycle and in particular the association of HPV with human pathogenesis. HPV production requires activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), which is a complex signaling network composed of multiple sensors, mediators, transducers, and effectors that safeguard cellular DNAs to maintain the host genome integrity. In this review, we focus on the roles of the ataxia telangiectasia mutant and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA damage response in HPV DNA replication. HPV can induce ATR expression and activate the ATR pathway. Inhibition of the ATR pathway results in suppression of HPV genome maintenance and amplification. The mechanisms underlying this could be through various molecular pathways such as checkpoint signaling and transcriptional regulation. In light of these findings, other downstream mechanisms of the ATR pathway need to be further investigated for better understanding HPV pathogenesis and developing novel ATR DDR-related inhibitors against HPV infection.
Hagiography as Source: Gender and Conversion Narratives in The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church
Authors: Wells Anna Redhair
Published: June 2020

Drawing on the work of Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent, this essay proposes utilizing hagiographies from the The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church, a fifteenth-century Ethiopian collection of saints’ lives, to explore various aspects of conversion. Other scholars employ a similar approach when analyzing hagiographical literature found in medieval Europe. While acknowledging that these texts do not provide details about the historical experience of conversion, they can assist scholars in understanding the conception of conversion in the imagination of the culture that created them. This essay specifically focuses on the role of women in conversion throughout the text and argues that, although men and women were almost equally represented as agents of conversion, a closer examination reveals that their participation remained gendered. Women more frequently converted someone with whom they had a prior relationship, especially a member of their familial network. Significantly, these observations mirror the patterns uncovered by contemporary scholars such as Dana Robert, who notes how women contributed to the spread of Christianity primarily through human relationships. By integrating these representations of conversion from late medieval Ethiopia, scholarship will gain a more robust picture of conversion in Africa more broadly and widen its understanding of world Christianity.
Analysis of Variable-Length Codes for Integer Encoding in Hyperspectral Data Compression with the k2-Raster Compact Data Structure
Authors: Chow Kevin , Tzamarias Dion Eustathios Olivier , Hernández-Cabronero Miguel , Blanes Ian , Serra-Sagristà Joan
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the various variable-length encoders that provide integer encoding to hyperspectral scene data within a k 2 -raster compact data structure. This compact data structure leads to a compression ratio similar to that produced by some of the classical compression techniques. This compact data structure also provides direct access for query to its data elements without requiring any decompression. The selection of the integer encoder is critical for obtaining a competitive performance considering both the compression ratio and access time. In this research, we show experimental results of different integer encoders such as Rice, Simple9, Simple16, PForDelta codes, and DACs. Further, a method to determine an appropriate k value for building a k 2 -raster compact data structure with competitive performance is discussed.
Detailed Mapping of Urban Land Use Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Lanzhou
Authors: Zong Leli , He Sijia , Lian Jiting , Bie Qiang , Wang Xiaoyun , Dong Jingru , Xie Yaowen
Published: June 2020

Detailed urban land use information is the prerequisite and foundation for implementing urban land policies and urban land development, and is of great importance for solving urban problems, assisting scientific and rational urban planning. The existing results of urban land use mapping have shortcomings in terms of accuracy or recognition scale, and it is difficult to meet the needs of fine urban management and smart city construction. This study aims to explore approaches that mapping urban land use based on multi-source data, to meet the needs of obtaining detailed land use information and, taking Lanzhou as an example, based on the previous study, we proposed a process of urban land use classification based on multi-source data. A combination road network dataset of Gaode and OpenStreetMap (OSM) was synthetically applied to divide urban parcels, while multi-source features using Sentinel-2A images, Sentinel-1A polarization data, night light data, point of interest (POI) data and other data. Simultaneously, a set of comparative experiments were designed to evaluate the contribution and impact of different features. The results showed that: (1) the combination utilization of Gaode and OSM road network could improve the classification results effectively. Specifically, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient are 83.75% and 0.77 separately for level I and the accuracy of each type reaches more than 70% for level II; (2) the synthetic application of multi-source features is conducive to the improvement of urban land use classification; (3) Internet data, such as point of interest (POI) information and multi-time population information, contribute the most to urban land use mapping. Compared with single-moment population information, the multi-time population distribution makes more contributions to urban land use. The framework developed herein and the results derived therefrom may assist other cities in the detailed mapping and refined management of urban land use.
Deep Learning for Land Cover Classification Using Only a Few Bands
Authors: Kwan Chiman , Ayhan Bulent , Budavari Bence , Lu Yan , Perez Daniel , Li Jiang , Bernabe Sergio , Plaza Antonio
Published: June 2020

There is an emerging interest in using hyperspectral data for land cover classification. The motivation behind using hyperspectral data is the notion that increasing the number of narrowband spectral channels would provide richer spectral information and thus help improve the land cover classification performance. Although hyperspectral data with hundreds of channels provide detailed spectral signatures, the curse of dimensionality might lead to degradation in the land cover classification performance. Moreover, in some practical applications, hyperspectral data may not be available due to cost, data storage, or bandwidth issues, and RGB and near infrared (NIR) could be the only image bands available for land cover classification. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is another type of data to assist land cover classification especially if the land covers of interest have different heights. In this paper, we examined the performance of two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based deep learning algorithms for land cover classification using only four bands (RGB+NIR) and five bands (RGB+NIR+LiDAR), where these limited number of image bands were augmented using Extended Multi-attribute Profiles (EMAP). The deep learning algorithms were applied to a well-known dataset used in the 2013 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) Data Fusion Contest. With EMAP augmentation, the two deep learning algorithms were observed to achieve better land cover classification performance using only four bands as compared to that using all 144 hyperspectral bands.
Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Artificial Floating Plastic Targets with Sentinel-2 and Unmanned Aerial Systems (Plastic Litter Project 2019)
Authors: Topouzelis Konstantinos , Papageorgiou Dimitris , Karagaitanakis Alexandros , Papakonstantinou Apostolos , Arias Ballesteros Manuel
Published: June 2020

Remote sensing is a promising tool for the detection of floating marine plastics offering extensive area coverage and frequent observations. While floating plastics are reported in high concentrations in many places around the globe, no referencing dataset exists either for understanding the spectral behavior of floating plastics in a real environment, or for calibrating remote sensing algorithms and validating their results. To tackle this problem, we initiated the Plastic Litter Projects (PLPs), where large artificial plastic targets were constructed and deployed on the sea surface. The first such experiment was realised in the summer of 2018 (PLP2018) with three large targets of 10 × 10 m. Hereafter, we present the second Plastic Litter Project (PLP2019), where smaller 5 × 5 m targets were constructed to better simulate near-real conditions and examine the limitations of the detection with Sentinel-2 images. The smaller targets and the multiple acquisition dates allowed for several observations, with the targets being connected in a modular way to create different configurations of various sizes, material composition and coverage. A spectral signature for the PET (polyethylene terephthalate) targets was produced through modifying the U.S. Geological Survey PET signature using an inverse spectral unmixing calculation, and the resulting signature was used to perform a matched filtering processing on the Sentinel-2 images. The results provide evidence that under suitable conditions, pixels with a PET abundance fraction of at least as low as 25% can be successfully detected, while pinpointing several factors that significantly impact the detection capabilities. To the best of our knowledge, the 2018 and 2019 Plastic Litter Projects are to date the only large-scale field experiments on the remote detection of floating marine litter in a near-real environment and can be used as a reference for more extensive validation/calibration campaigns.
Managing Fuel Consumption and Emissions in the Renewed Fleet of a Transport Company
Authors: Pašagić Škrinjar Jasmina , Abramović Borna , Bukvić Lucija , Marušić Željko
Published: June 2020

This research shows the relationship between the energy emission parameters and CO2 equivalents for conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles (ICEV, Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) to determine the life cycle costs of the vehicles. The combination of transport policy and alternative fuels has the purpose of creating a sustainable transport system. Transport policy focuses on increasing energy efficiency and reducing the price of electric vehicles as technology advances. The profitability for each vehicle type was also observed through current vehicle purchase prices. The main objective of this paper is to study the environmental impact of diesel vans, taking into account lifelong energy use, fuel consumption and CO2 equivalents through air pollution. Although the purchase price of the ICEV is less than the HEV, all electric vehicles are determined to have the lowest overall environmental impact during the operational phase. The goal of transport companies and logistics operators that own a fleet is to achieve quality service with maximum cost and negative environmental impact reduction.
Smart Tourism Sustainability Narratives in Mature Beach Destinations. Contrasting the Collective Imaginary with Reality
Authors: Gomis-López Joan Miquel , González-Reverté Francesc
Published: June 2020

This article contributes to the analysis of the relationship between urban renewal processes and sustainable development in mature beach destinations and the adoption of smart tourism. It takes as its case study Spanish destinations taking part in publicly-funded projects and plans designed to convert them into so-called “smart destinations” (SD). Its chief goals are to identify, through the Delphi technique, the smart tourism narrative behind the drive for creating SD, as well as to see how good a fit this is with the strategic positionings of mature destinations seeking to halt their decline or take on a new lease of life by introducing sustainability measures. Based on a review of the existing literature, we perform a critical analysis of this narrative to expose the contradictions arising when it is applied as a tool for urban renewal based on the implementation of sustainability strategies. The results aid with progress in two directions. Firstly, the article contributes new conceptual elements on the role of SD in the urban transformation of tourist destinations as a response to the challenges of global competitiveness. The second contribution, which is applied in nature and based on the study of a variety of Spanish tourist destinations, analyzes the impact the application of smart tourism-based technological solutions may have upon sustainability. Specifically, it examines the actions of different mass tourism beach destinations and discusses their actual ability to foster renewal in the field of tourism and offer solutions for overcoming urban sustainability problems. Lastly, it offers some recommendations for mature beach destination managers interested in implementing smart tourism projects based on sustainability criteria.
Modeling Supply Chain Integration in an Integrated Project Delivery System
Authors: Mesa Harrison A. , Molenaar Keith R. , Alarcón Luis F.
Published: June 2020

The supply chain relationship is an essential factor in the performance of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). The IPD system encourages the early involvement of key participants in the design stage. Consequently, this early involvement requires a new configuration of the supply chain relationship in the IPD system. However, there is a lack of knowledge in understanding the performance of the supply chain relationship in the IPD system. To fill this gap, we applied a simulation model, Virtual Design Team (VDT), to explore the dynamics of the supply chain integration in terms of project organization and project delivery process in design. This study presents a conceptual and qualitative analysis of the VDT model applied in two IPD projects. The results explored different behaviors of integration at inter-organizational and project levels throughout project organization, contractual and technological mechanisms of coordination. The project organization characteristics influence the performance of the construction supply chain.
Leadership Style and Gender: A Study of Spanish Cooperatives
Authors: Martinez-Leon Inocencia María , Olmedo-Cifuentes Isabel , Martínez-Victoria MCarmen , Arcas-Lario Narciso
Published: June 2020

The growing global need for social cohesion and sustainable development gives visibility to cooperatives because their principles help to achieve these objectives and the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Among them, gender equality policies are in the forefront. This paper explains how cooperatives contribute to women’s professional opportunities and to balancing the presence of women in management positions. It analyzes the predominant leadership styles and gender differences in cooperatives with a sample of 114 cooperative firms. The results show that: (a) Both transformational and transactional leadership styles are widely used; (b) no significant differences in leadership styles between men and women exist; and (c) the composition of management teams results in significant leadership style differences. The transformational style is less often used in mixed teams with a male majority and a woman president, and most often used in homogeneous teams (made up of only men or only women). Transactional leadership is more frequently implemented in teams made up only of women than in mixed masculine teams with a female president. These findings identify women’s leadership styles in cooperatives, pointing out their difficulties and introducing innovative proposals for contributing to their success and the achievement of SDGs in cooperatives.
The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers
Authors: Wolniak Radosław , Szromek Adam R.
Published: June 2020

In researchers’ work nowadays there is a big and increasing amount of stress. In this paper, we have conducted an analysis of this problem because we think it is necessary to cope with it to increase the academic workers’ quality of working life. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles. Based on research, we can say that the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles is differentiated—the least stressful is professorship, then doctoral thesis, and the most stressful is the habilitation. When analyzing the most frequently observed afflictions that the respondents associate with scientific procedures, it can be stated that these are irritation, nervousness, and aggression, as well as mild stress in the form of headache or stress, which was observed for at least half of the researchers. Almost every three respondents suffered from some kind of psychological problems (depression, depressed mood for a longer period, addictions, the necessity to undergo therapy), and 28.9% suffered from psychosomatic disorders (for example, pain of unknown source of limbs and of internal organs).
The Organizational Aspect of Human Resource Management as a Determinant of the Potential of Polish Hospitals to Manage Medical Professionals in Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Buchelt Beata , Frączkiewicz-Wronka Aldona , Dobrowolska Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

Industry 4.0 solutions have penetrated the healthcare sector, thus creating challenges that healthcare entities should meet. For this, a proper relationship between human resource management (HRM) within healthcare entities and Healthcare 4.0 is needed. In addition, organizations mainly focus on HRM practices, yet organizational issues are overlooked. In this context, the aim of the article was to analyze and evaluate the involvement and roles of key HRM actors, such as line managers and human resource (HR) specialists (HR departments) within strategic healthcare entities, namely hospitals. It was also important to identify the potential of hospitals to meet the requirements of Healthcare 4.0. A study was performed on a group of 285 Polish hospitals. Five respondents were recruited from each hospital. The total population amounted to 1425 interviewees. Due to the complexity of the research, it was outsourced. The results of the analysis identified that hospitals largely engage line managers in medical personnel management. However, a lack of managerial competence may become a major barrier in coping with challenges created by Healthcare 4.0. Organizational solutions do not support the strategic role of HR specialists; their anchoring in the organizational structures limits the possibility to support the changes required for the transformation towards Healthcare 4.0.
FKBP5 Regulates RIG-I-Mediated NF-κB Activation and Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Hao Wenzhuo , Wang Lingyan , Li Shitao
Published: June 2020

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen and is a constant threat to global health with considerable economic and social impact. Influenza viral RNA is sensed by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). The activation of these PRRs instigates the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways that induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inflammatory genes. FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) has been implied in the IκBα kinase (IKK) complex. However, the role of FKBP5 in the RIG-I signaling and IAV infection is not well elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the knockout of FKBP5 increases IAV infection. Furthermore, FKBP5 binds IKKα, which is critical for RIG-I-induced innate immune responses and ISG expression. Taken together, FKBP5 is a novel anti-influenza host factor that restricts IAV infection by the activation of RIG-I-mediated NF-κB signaling.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Primes Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Tomato
Authors: Miozzi Laura , Vaira Anna Maria , Brilli Federico , Casarin Valerio , Berti Mara , Ferrandino Alessandra , Nerva Luca , Accotto Gian Paolo , Lanfranco Luisa
Published: June 2020

Tomato plants can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) able to promote plant nutrition and prime systemic plant defenses against pathogens attack; the mechanism involved is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). However, studies on the effect of AMF on viral infection, still limited and not conclusive, indicate that AMF colonization may have a detrimental effect on plant defenses against viruses, so that the term “mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility” (MIS) has been proposed for these cases. To expand the case studies to a not yet tested viral family, that is, Bromoviridae, we investigated the effect of the colonization by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae on cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in tomato by phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Our results showed that the establishment of a functional AM symbiosis is able to limit symptoms development. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlighted that AMF mitigates the drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the reduction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate caused by CMV infection. In parallel, an increase of salicylic acid level and a modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, toward a limitation of ROS accumulation, was specifically observed in CMV-infected mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our data indicate that the AM symbiosis influences the development of CMV infection in tomato plants and exerts a priming effect able to enhance tolerance to viral infection.
Abrogation of Constitutive and Induced Type I and Type III Interferons and Interferon-Stimulated Genes in Keratinocytes by Canine Papillomavirus 2 E6 and E7
Authors: Quinlan Sarah , May Susan , Weeks Ryan , Yuan Hang , Luff Jennifer A.
Published: June 2020

Cutaneous papillomaviruses can cause severe, persistent infections and skin cancer in immunodeficient patients, including people with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). A similar phenotype is observed in a canine model of XSCID; these dogs acquire severe cutaneous papillomavirus infections that can progress to cancer in association with canine papillomavirus type 2 (CPV2). This canine model system provides a natural spontaneous animal model for investigation of papillomavirus infections in immunodeficient patients. Currently, it is unknown if CPV2 can subvert the innate immune system and interfere with its ability to express antiviral cytokines, which are critical in the host defense against viral pathogens. The aim of the current study was to determine if the oncogenes E6 and E7 from CPV2 interfere with expression of antiviral cytokines in keratinocytes, the target cells of papillomavirus infections. We determined that E6 but not E7 interferes with the constitutive expression of some antiviral cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-β and the IFN-stimulated gene IFIT1. Both E6 and E7 interfere with the transcriptional upregulation of the antiviral cytokines in response to stimulation with the dsDNA Poly(dA:dT). In contrast, while E6 also interferes with the transcriptional upregulation of antiviral cytokines in response to stimulation with the dsRNA Poly(I:C), E7 interferes with only a subset of these antiviral cytokines. Finally, we demonstrated that E7 but not E6 abrogates signaling through the type I IFN receptor. Taken together, CPV2 E6 and E7 both impact expression of antiviral cytokines in canine keratinocytes, albeit likely through different mechanisms.
Genetic Diversity of Potassium Ion Channel Proteins Encoded by Chloroviruses That Infect Chlorella heliozoae
Authors: Murry Carter R. , Agarkova Irina V. , Ghosh Jayadri S. , Fitzgerald Fiona C. , Carlson Roger M. , Hertel Brigitte , Kukovetz Kerri , Rauh Oliver , Thiel Gerhard , Van Etten James L.
Published: June 2020

Chloroviruses are large, plaque-forming, dsDNA viruses that infect chlorella-like green algae that live in a symbiotic relationship with protists. Chloroviruses have genomes from 290 to 370 kb, and they encode as many as 400 proteins. One interesting feature of chloroviruses is that they encode a potassium ion (K+) channel protein named Kcv. The Kcv protein encoded by SAG chlorovirus ATCV-1 is one of the smallest known functional K+ channel proteins consisting of 82 amino acids. The KcvATCV-1 protein has similarities to the family of two transmembrane domain K+ channel proteins; it consists of two transmembrane α-helixes with a pore region in the middle, making it an ideal model for studying K+ channels. To assess their genetic diversity, kcv genes were sequenced from 103 geographically distinct SAG chlorovirus isolates. Of the 103 kcv genes, there were 42 unique DNA sequences that translated into 26 new Kcv channels. The new predicted Kcv proteins differed from KcvATCV-1 by 1 to 55 amino acids. The most conserved region of the Kcv protein was the filter, the turret and the pore helix were fairly well conserved, and the outer and the inner transmembrane domains of the protein were the most variable. Two of the new predicted channels were shown to be functional K+ channels.
WAYS AND METHODS OF IMPROVING FORENSIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Zherebko О.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes forensic activity as one of the forms of activity in the field of legal proceedings. A comprehensive analysis of forensic activity has allowed formulating a number of proposals regarding ways and means of improving it.
Ways of improving forensic activities have been identified and proposed: increasing the level of technical and forensic support for the disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes; implementation of measures to increase the effectiveness of the participation of specialists of expert services in conducting investigative actions and operational-search measures. There is also indicated on improving research activities and introducing into practice new technical and forensic tools, forensic methods and techniques. Conducting forensic records, analytical and organizational work based on the introduction of modern automated systems and technologies; synthesis and dissemination of best practices and analysis of expert practice; improving the selection, training and placement of employees of expert units, strengthening official and executive discipline. Intensification of interaction between the expert services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs with other departments of the internal affairs bodies, as well as with other law enforcement agencies, including at the interstate level is described.
Conceptual Persian Text Summarizer: A New Model in Continuous Vector Space
Authors: Khademi Mohammad , Fakhredanesh Mohammad , Hoseini Seyed
Published: June 2020

Traditional methods of summarization are not cost-effective and possible today. Extractive summarization is a process that helps to extract the most important sentences from a text automatically, and generates a short informative summary. In this work, we propose a novel unsupervised method to summarize Persian texts. The proposed method adopt a hybrid approach that clusters the concepts of the text using deep learning and traditional statistical methods. First we produce a word embedding based on Hamshahri2 corpus and a dictionary of word frequencies. Then the proposed algorithm extracts the keywords of the document, clusters its concepts, and finally ranks the sentences to produce the summary. We evaluated the proposed method on Pasokh single-document corpus using the ROUGE evaluation measure. Without using any hand-crafted features, our proposed method achieves better results than the state-of-the-art related work results. We compared our unsupervised method with the best supervised Persian methods and we achieved an overall improvement of ROUGE-2 recall score of 7.5%
Joubert Sendromu Tanısı Alan Yenidoğan: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: KÜÇÜK ALEMDAR Dilek , BULUT Muhammet
Published: June 2020

36. gestasyon haftasında
erken membran rüptürü nedeniyle doğan 
erkek bebek, doğum sonrası 1. dakika APGAR ‘ı  8, 5. dakika APGAR ‘ı 9 olarak  kaydedildi. Anne yanı izlemlerinde
beslenirken siyanozu olması nedeniyle postnatal 19. saatinde yenidoğan yoğun bakım
ünitesine alındı.Hastanın solunum sesleri dinlemekle her iki hemitoraksta doğal olmasına rağmen inter kostal ve subkostal çekilmeleri mevcuttu.Non-invaziv ventilasyon desteği altında dirençli apnelerinin olması üzerine entübe
edilerek mekanik ventilatöre bağlandı.

Kranyal MR’sinde; disorganize, disgenetik, split serebellar vermis; kalın superior serebellar pedinkül ve küçük inferior serebellar pedinküllerden oluşan ‘molar diş’ görünümü izlendi.Kliniğimizde takipte olduğu süre içerisinde hiperpne-apne atakları belirli
aralarla tekrarlayan  ve iki kez klonik konvülsiyonu gözlenen hastaya 5 mg/kg/gün fenobarbital tedavisi uygulandı.  Bu bulgular ışığında klinik tablosu ve kranial MR
değerlendirmesiyle bebeğe Joubert Sendromu tanısı konuldu. Yenidoğan yoğunbakım ünitesinde genel
durumunu bozmayan hiperpne-apne periyotları ara ara devam etti. 28 günlük takip ve tedavi sonunda anne uyumu tamamlanan bebek  çocuk nöroloji   takipleri yapılmak üzere önerilerle taburcu
edildi.
Mapas de um espaço-tempo: uma cartografia do território escolar na sociedade de controle
Authors: Corrêa Mirele , Cervi Gicele Maria
Published: June 2020

Mapas de um espaço-tempo: uma cartografia do território escolar na sociedade de controle
Hans Bellmer & David Nebreda: órgãos desterritorializados
Authors: Tavares Jonathan Mendes
Published: June 2020

Hans Bellmer & David Nebreda: órgãos desterritorializados
Sobre projecionistas, imagens e educação: movimentos cartográficos do pensamento em um jogo de dados educacional
Authors: Gonçalves Ingrid Rodrigues
Published: June 2020

Sobre projecionistas, imagens e educação: movimentos cartográficos do pensamento em um jogo de dados educacional
Comparison of serum ferritin levels in pregnant women with preterm and term deliveries
Authors: Jahedbozorgan Tayebeh , Yaghmaei Minoo , Naserieh Maryam
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Despite high rates of mortality and morbidity due to preterm delivery, none of the diagnostic and biochemical tests could help to accurately identify the cases at risk of preterm delivery. Objectives: Since ferritin is an acute phase reactant, this study aimed to evaluate serum ferritin levels in women with preterm and term delivery. Methods: This study was conducted on 150 women with preterm delivery (50 cases in each of the groups 24-30, 30-34, and 34-37 weeks of pregnancy), 150 women with term delivery, and 150 pregnant women who were between 24-37 weeks of pregnancy (same as preterm delivery groups). Results: The mean ferritin level in all preterm groups was significantly higher than that in the term group, but there was no difference among the preterm groups. In addition, ferritin level in each preterm group was significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy group at the same gestational age. In preterm deliveries, ferritin levels were significantly higher in cases with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) or with a prolonged leakage (longer than 12 hours). In addition, in patients with PROM or prolonged leakage, ferritin levels were significantly higher in preterm deliveries than in term deliveries. A ferritin level of 37.5 ng/mL recognized as the best cut-off for preterm delivery, as compared with term delivery, and its sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy was 78.7%, 68.7%, and 73.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that serum ferritin level can be used to find patients at risk of preterm delivery.
Comparison of the effects of sertraline and L-carnitine on intradialytic hypotension; a double blind clinical trial
Authors: Jamshidi Sanaz , Hajian Sepideh , Rastgoo Nafiseh , Mohammadi Navid
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Although some studies have reported the positive effect of sertraline and L-carnitine on intradialytic hypotension (IDH), a common complication of dialysis, however the results are controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sertraline and L-carnitine on blood pressure in patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing dialysis. Patients and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 32 hemodialysis patients who suffered from IDH in more than 50% of dialysis sessions. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of sertraline (50 mg daily) and L-carnitine (1000 mg daily), with 16 patients in each group. Duration of treatment was four weeks, then patients were followed up for additional three weeks. The changes in patients’ blood pressure were monitored in each group and the results compared between the two groups. Results: Of all, 18 patients (56%) were female, 14 patients (44%) were male, and their mean (SD) age was 60±15 years. At the end of the study, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly increased in both the sertraline and L-carnitine groups (P<0.05). In addition, nadir SBP, nadir DBP, and nadir MAP in each group were significantly increased compared to pre-treatment period (P<0.001). An increase of more than 5 mm Hg in SBP, DPB, and MAP was observed in half of the subjects in the sertraline group and more than two-thirds of the patients in the L-carnitine group, however there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the administration of sertraline or L-carnitine for one month could significantly increase SBP, DBP, MAP, and nadir blood pressures in dialysis patients suffering from IDH during dialysis sessions because there was no significant difference between the two drugs.
Platonic Golden Network Theory for High Energy Physics and Quantum Cosmology
Authors: Naschie Mohamed S. El
Published: June 2020

In the spirit of Pythagorean cosmic mathematical music of numbers and following the fundamental tenets of platonic transfinite set theory and the methodology of E-infinity Cantorian spacetime, we present a golden section based network with deep physical meaning confirming experimental results in high energy physics as well as cosmological measurements and observations related to the phenomenon of cosmic dark energy and dark matter.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE SORBENTS BASED ON POLYANILINE
Authors: Orlova S. A. , Tuzhikov O. O. , Khokhlova T. V. , Tuzhikov O. I.
Published: June 2020

The process of oxidative dehydropolycondensation of aniline on the surface of rubber crumb was studied at different ratios of components in the synthesis conditions. It was established that polyaniline is formed as a result of boundary polymerization on the surface of the substrate, is present in the composite material in the form of emeraldine salt in an amount of from 14.5 to 77.3 wt.%. The resulting structure is recommended as a sorbent for extracting metal ions of variable valence from liquid media.
Artvin Ladin Ormanlarında Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)’un Epidemi Yapmasına Toprak Yapısının Etkileri
Authors: ÖZKAYA Mimar Sinan
Published: June 2020

Artvin Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü Ladin (Picea orientalis) ormanlarına ilk kez 1984 yılında tespit edilen Ips typographus (Sekiz Dişli Kabuk Böceği) ile mekanik, biyoteknik ve biyolojik mücadele yapılarak doğal denge sağlanmıştı. Ancak 2013 yılından itibaren böcek yoğunluğunda artışlar görülmüştür. Bunun en büyük sebeplerinden birinin iklim ve topraktaki bazı elementlerin azalmasından kaynaklandığı düşünülmüştür. Bu amaçla son yıllarda yaşanan kuraklık ile topraktaki değişimlerin araştırılması için ağaç ölümlerinin yoğun olduğu ormanlık alanlarda ve sağlıklı alanlardaki toprak özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ladin ağaçlarının kuruma gösterdiği ve sağlıklı yetiştiği sahalardan alınan toprak örneklerinin tahlilinde, sağlıklı sahadaki organik madde miktarının ortalama % 5.48, pH değeri 6,09, kum değeri % 64.44, kil değeri % 22.08 ve toz değeri %13.48 bulunmuştur. Kurumaların yoğun olduğu sahalardan alınan topraklarda organik madde miktarı ortalama % 5.58, pH değeri 6.01, kum değeri % 51.52, kil değeri % 28.94 ve toz değeri % 19.55 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kurumaların yoğun olduğu sahalarda kil miktarının, sağlıklı ladin bireylerinin bulunduğu sahalara oranla artış göstermesi, muhtemelen toprakta kötü havalanma koşulları oluşturmuş ve köklerin derin toprak katmanlarına ulaşmasını engellemiştir. Derin toprak kısmından su alamayan ladin ağaçları da daha fazla strese girmiş olabileceği sanılmaktadır.