bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Molars with Symptoms Indicated Irreversible Pulpitis Using MTA: A Study of Three Case Reports over Four-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Zenaldeen Rami , Kaddoura Rami , Alzoubi Hasan , Achour Hassan , Aljabban Ossama
Published: October 2023

VPT is vital pulp therapy, a biologically based procedure that combines several therapeutic techniques to maintain the entire or a portion of the dental pulp. Interest in VPT has grown due to recent developments in bioactive materials and an understanding of biological pulp reparative responses. This case report is aimed at evaluating the success rate of partial pulpotomy in permanent molars with symptoms indicating irreversible pulpitis using MTA and presenting with extremely deep carious lesions over four years of follow-up. All patients came with spontaneous and severe pain. Each tooth was isolated with a rubber dam and disinfected with 5.25% NaOCl before caries excavation. After caries removal, a partial pulpotomy was performed on 2–3 mm of the exposed pulp. Bleeding time was recorded after hemostasis was achieved, and then MTA was placed over the exposed pulp. The permanent restoration was placed after pulp capping, and postoperative periapical radiographs were taken. Patients were scheduled for clinical and radiological examinations for four years based on 6-month intervals. All teeth revealed a successful outcome throughout the follow-up periods (clinically and radiographically) with complete resolution of clinical signs and symptoms. Partial pulpotomy using MTA might be an effective long-term management strategy for permanent molars clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis.
Factors Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency and Their Relative Importance among Indian Adolescents: An Application of Dominance Analysis
Authors: Mustafa Akif , Shekhar Chander
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is a serious issue in developing nations, including India. This study investigates the determinants of vitamin D deficiency among Indian adolescents and assesses their relative importance using dominance analysis. Data from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) conducted between 2016 and 2018 were utilized in this study. Vitamin D levels were assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, with a sample size encompassing 13,065 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of vitamin D deficiency, and the relative importance of these factors was assessed using dominance analysis. The study identified nine predictors that were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency at a 1% level of significance (α = 0.001). Among these factors, sex was found to be the most significant predictor, with female adolescents being 2.66 (95% CI: 95% CI: 2.39–2.96) times more likely to be vitamin D deficient compared to male adolescents. Lifestyle and behavioral factors, such as “sex,” “wealth index,” and “place of residence,” were more dominant in predicting vitamin D deficiency than biological indicators like “BMI” and “serum creatinine.” This underscores the vital role of sunlight exposure in maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels. In summary, this study sheds light on the multifaceted factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency among Indian adolescents, emphasizing the significance of targeted interventions and public health awareness campaigns to mitigate this pressing issue.
Shelf-Life Feasibility Study of Moringa oleifera Seasoned Beef
Authors: Ayirezang Florence Adwoa , Arhin Reuben Essel , Whyte Barry Kojo , Antwi Emmanuel Opoku , Boateng Belinda Nana Ama
Published: October 2023

This study explored the stability of beef treated with Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract (MELE) stored at 4°C for 10 days. Beef samples were treated with MELE concentrations of 8%, 4%, and 2%. A 3% NaCl-treated beef sample and control were included. Samples were taken every 48 hours for microbiological analysis. The Nordic Committee on Food Analysis methods were used to determine the mesophilic, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp. enumeration. The organoleptic properties were tested using the 5-point scale hedonism. There was a significant difference (

p

 < 0.05) in the mean mesophilic and coliform counts, which varied from 2.0 × 103 ± 0.0 to 8.9 × 107 ± 0.4 CFU/ml and 1.0 × 101 ± 0.1 to 8.9 × 104 ± 0.3 CFU/ml, respectively, from storage day two to ten when beef treated with MELE was compared to the 3% NaCl and the control. Staphylococcus aureus grew on all the beef samples across all the different incubation periods, but a dose-dependent antibacterial activity of the M. oleifera-treated beef was observed for S. aureus with the maximum inhibition recorded for 8% MELE. Beef seasoned with MELE was free of E. coli throughout storage. Salmonella sp. was not detected in all the beef samples. Microbial loads increased with decreasing concentrations of MELE. The overall acceptability of MELE-treated beef decreased with increasing concentration of MELE treatment. MELE may find application in food preservation. The probability of synergistic activity of salt and M. oleifera leaves extract can be explored in further studies.
Current Knowledge and Perception of Edible Grasshopper/Locusts’ Consumption in Western Kenya
Authors: Mmbone Sylvia , Gohole Linnet , Fredrick Wanjala F. M.
Published: October 2023

Edible insects play an important role as a protein source of high-nutritional value in the western region of Kenya. However, current knowledge on edible grasshopper/locust species consumed in western Kenya and the perception towards these insects as an alternative protein source are not well documented. A questionnaire was issued to 901 respondents in four counties of western Kenya. The results showed that 91.6% of the respondents had heard that grasshoppers/locusts are edible insects and that 51.2% of the respondents had consumed them. The most frequently identified edible species was Cyrtacanthacris tatarica, with 58.6% cases followed by Schistocerca gregaria (25.7%), while Ruspolia differens was the least identified (1.2%). The majority of the consumers (60.0%) were introduced to entomophagy by their relatives, fewer by their friends (34.0%), and 5.7% by themselves. For those who had never eaten them, 53.8% were unwilling to try, while 11.9% were willing. On availability in the market, 97.9% indicated having never bought, while only 2.1% had bought the insect. The highly preferred method of cooking was smoking/roasting at 53.3%. The majority at 50.1% indicated the willingness to rear, while 21.0% were undecided. The frequency of the respondents who highly preferred to rear the insect for food and feed was 50.4%. The results suggest that the study population has knowledge of edible grasshopper/locust species and is willing to rear edible insects as an alternative protein food source.
Evaluation of Land Use/Land Cover Changes due to Urban Sprawl in Bengaluru Rural, Karnataka, India
Authors: Bharath A. , Manjunatha M. , Reshma T. V. , Tangadagi Ranjitha B. , Bahij Sifatullah
Published: October 2023

The availability of productive land is significantly impacted by the global phenomenon of urbanization. The amount of land available for food production and other essential activities decreases as cities grow because the urban perimeter encroaches on rural and natural areas. Conducting research on urban sprawl analysis and land use land cover (LULC) change assessment is essential in ensuring sustainable urban growth. Bengaluru, a rapidly expanding metropolitan city, has a significant impact on the area around it, making it a prime location for this kind of study. In this study, authors sought to assess how urban sprawl affected LULC in the Bengaluru rural district that surrounds the city of Bengaluru. The study evaluated changes in LULC over a two-decade period using remote sensing data and GIS tools. Five LULC classes were used to categorize the study area: settlement, waterbody, vegetation, agriculture, and barren land. The maximum likelihood technique was used to classify Landsat images from three different time periods using the supervised image classification method in the ERDAS software. Accuracy assessment was used to gauge the classified images’ accuracy. The study’s important findings showed how the LULC classes in the study area have been negatively impacted by the urban sprawl. The study emphasizes the significance of ongoing research in LULC change assessment and urban sprawl analysis to ensure sustainable urban growth and safeguard the availability of productive land.
Examining Outcomes and Challenges of Telepsychiatry in Australian Elderly: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abazari Sodabeh , Moulaei Khadijeh , George Manoj
Published: October 2023

Background and Aim. Elderly individuals face various challenges in the control and management of mental disorders and mental illnesses. One approach to address these challenges is the utilization of telepsychiatry. This study aims to explore the range of services offered through telepsychiatry for Australian elderly persons and examine the outcomes and challenges associated with these systems. Methods. To find relevant articles, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We used a data extraction form to gather information from primary studies. Two researchers followed inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies and extract data. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with all researchers. Studies needed to be in English, about telepsychiatry for Australian seniors, and use any technology type (synchronous, asynchronous, or both). We excluded nontelepsychiatry articles, books, book chapters, conference abstracts, and editor letters. Results. Telepsychiatry was effectively employed to manage depression, anxiety, delirium, and cognitive impairments. Among these four disorders, telepsychiatry was mostly used for depression. Videoconference and telephone were mostly used to provide telepsychiatry services. Most telepsychiatry services for Australian seniors included “patient education on disorder control and management,” “creating continuous interaction between the patient and the therapist,” and “remote patients’ assessment.” “Reductions in symptoms of disorders,” “improving patients’ satisfaction with telepsychiatry,” and “cost-effectiveness of telepsychiatry” were the most important positive outcomes of using telepsychiatry. We also identified four challenges in using telepsychiatry for elderly individuals in Australia. Conclusions. This study is the first scoping review in Australia and provides valuable insight into telepsychiatry for elderly individuals.
Os cantos da reahu: uma reflexão antropólogica sobre os cantos Yanonamɨ do rio Marauiá e rio Maturacá
Authors: Gonçalves Luiz Davi Vieira , Tremembé Mboe’esara Esãîã
Published: October 2023

Neste texto iremos abordar os cantos noturnos denominados amõamõu dos grupos yanonami do rio Marauiá e do rio Maturacá, os quais, juntamente com a dança praiai, acontecem durante a festa ritual dos mortos, chamada na língua Yanomami de Reahu. Procurando determinar as dinâmicas dos cantos e seus contextos no estabelecimento das relações sociais do grupo, a base teórico-metodológica dar-se-á pelos escritos da Antropologia da Performance, alicerçados pelos trabalhos de campo realizados durante o doutoramento dos autores.
Cinema de beiras: narrativas audiovisuais, memória e agência no baixo rio Tapajós
Authors: Silva Liendria Marla Malcher
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo, apresento a ideia de cinema de beiras, por meio do documentário Memórias de velho, do cineasta Carlos Bandeira Júnior (2020), refletindo sobre a agência do filme enquanto objeto de arte. O média-metragem reúne relatos de idosos da região do baixo rio Tapajós. Na análise fílmica, reflito sobre as potencialidades das paisagens nas narrativas orais presentes. Em seguida, discorro sobre a performatividade do olhar do cineasta-antropólogo. Por fim, dedico-me às experiências de comunidades de cinemas do filme, com pessoas que estão na tela e outras que se conectam ao filme por partilharem memórias comuns com as histórias visibilizadas por ele. O rio desponta como um agente importante nas narrativas, ele é uma pessoa-personagem convocada dentro e fora dos filmes. Assim, volto-me à imagem da margem do rio para tecer a metáfora de um cinema de beiras, apontando as potencialidades dessas imagens para o aprofundamento da ideia de Amazônia.
Jornadas performativas para reencantamento de Mundos
Authors: Castro Rita de Almeida , Curi Alice Stefânia , Brito Giselle Rodrigues de
Published: October 2023

Neste artigo, discorremos sobre o processo de criação da obra Mundos, do coletivo Teatro do Instante, vinculado ao Departamento de Artes Cênicas da Universidade de Brasília. Com a deflagração da pandemia de covid-19, o trabalho de criação foi redimensionado para ocorrer sem a presença física dos artistas, fator inicialmente considerado crucial. O interdito se desdobrou em uma busca que envolveu não apenas a pesquisa acerca de possibilidades poéticas e de presença síncrona em telas digitais, como também em mergulhos e fabulações em nossas telas mentais. Experimentamos diferentes modos de estar temporalmente juntas, em distintas naturezas de distâncias, com e sem intermédio de telas, em práticas como viagens xamânicas, diálogos e experimentos tele(em)páticos, fluxos de escrita automática, registros de sonhos, consultas e criações oraculares. Revisitamos e partilhamos alguns rastros desse processo de dois anos e meio que, de um modo ou de outro, constituíram aquilo que resultou na obra fílmica Mundos.
CACNA1D
Gene Polymorphisms Associate With Increased Blood Pressure and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in White Individuals
Authors: Stanton Ana Maria , Heydarpour Mahyar , Williams Jonathan S. , Williams Gordon H. , Adler Gail K.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Disease-causing mutations in
CACNA1D
gene occur in aldosterone-producing adenomas and familial hyperaldosteronism. We determined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in
CACNA1D
gene associate with higher aldosterone resulting in salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) and increased BP in men and women.

METHODS:

Data were obtained from the HyperPATH (International Hypertension Pathotypes) cohort, where participants completed a cross-over intervention of liberal and restricted sodium diets. Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array identified 104
CACNA1D
single nucleotide polymorphisms that met quality control. Single nucleotide polymorphism is rs7612148 strongly associated with systolic BP and was selected for study in 521 White participants in 3 scenarios ([1] hypertensives; [2] normotensives; [3] total population=hypertensives+normotensives) using multivariate regression analysis.

RESULTS:

In the total population and hypertensives, but not normotensives, risk allele carriers (CC, GC), as compared with nonrisk allele homozygotes (GG), exhibited higher salt sensitivity of BP and, on liberal sodium diet, higher systolic BP, lower baseline and angiotensin II–stimulated aldosterone, and lower plasma renin activity. On restricted sodium diet, BP was similar across genotypes, suggesting sodium restriction corrected/neutralized the genotype effect on BP. Because increased aldosterone did not seem to drive the increased salt sensitivity of BP and increased BP on liberal sodium diet, we assessed renal plasma flow. Renal plasma flow increase from restricted to liberal sodium diets was blunted in risk allele homozygotes in the total population and in hypertensives. A replication study in another cohort HyperPATH B (International Hypertension Pathotypes Cohort B) confirmed BP-genotype associations.

CONCLUSIONS:

CACNA1D
rs7612148 risk allele associated with increased BP and salt sensitivity of BP, likely due to an impaired ability to increase renal plasma flow in response to a liberal sodium diet and not to excess aldosterone.
Development First! China’s Policy Transfer to Africa
Authors: Lammich Georg
Published: October 2023

China has emerged as an important norm-shaper in Africa in recent years and can be credited with influencing various policy sectors across the whole continent. Despite the massive impact COVID-19 had on China’s presence in Africa and the palpable decrease in financial and technical cooperation in recent years, in the field of policy dissemination China has been and still is one of the most influential external actors on the continent. Numerous ideas and practices from China have found their way into African politics, and China has directly or indirectly (and intentionally or otherwise) affected how Africans see development and the shape and implementation of development practices. This article traces the rise of China as a norm-provider to African elites and compares the impact of two influential policy sets – the development-security nexus and the Belt and Road Initiative – on African policymaking. It analyzes why some policies and ideas travelling from China have reverberated with African leaders and have had a direct impact on the developmental agenda of several countries while other concepts did not take root on the continent.
The Obliteration of Publisher Identity
Authors: Gerčar Jaka
Published: October 2023

The title of this paper is taken from a chapter in Roberto Calasso’s The Art of the Publisher, in which the Italian publisher and writer notes a historical shift in contemporary publishing away from publishing as ‘form’, supposedly a publishing innovation of the first decade of the 20th century. Since Calasso never elaborated on his notion of publishing as form, this paper attempts to sketch the most important facets of this notion, embed it in the context of publishing theory, and suggest that it bears considerable similarities to auteur theory in cinema. After identifying three layers of publishing form, the author analyses how recent developments in contemporary publishing might relate to Calasso’s concern about the blurring of distinctions between publishers.
The Spiritual Teachings of Zakariyyā Kāndhlavī (d. 1982) in Fażāʾil-i Durūd Sharīf
Authors: Jafar Imad
Published: October 2023

Although the influential transnational Deobandi missionary organisation Tablīghī Jamāʿat is scarcely portrayed in contemporary popular media as a “Sufi movement,” the elders of the trend – such as the late Zakariyyā Kāndhlavī (d. 1402/1982) – were staunch Sufi shaykhs. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that one of the core texts of the Tablīghī Jamāʿat – Kāndhlavī’s Fażāʾil-i ʿAmāl – is full of many distinctly Sufi concepts. In the following essay, I look into the spiritual themes found in that particular volume of Kāndhlavī’s aforementioned work which deals specifically with the virtuous act of sending blessings upon the Prophet. In doing so, we will see that the Tablīghī Jamāʿat – deeply rooted in Sufi thought as it is – is very far removed from the Wahhabism with which it is occasionally associated in popular Western imagination.
A contribution to the millipede fauna of China: descriptions of four new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from high-altitude areas of Yunnan Province (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Authors: MIKHALJOVA ELENA V.
Published: October 2023

Four new species of the millipede genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 (Julida, Julidae) are described from high-altitude areas of Yunnan Province in China: N. angustus sp. nov., N. arcuatus sp. nov., N. belousovi sp. nov. and N. kabaki sp. nov. A new faunistic record for the Laojunshan Mts. is given for N. emarginatus Mikhaljova, 2020. A brief overview of the Yunnan Nepalmatoiulus species is given. Taxonomic remarks are provided for nearly all new species.
Correlates of Age at Marriage and Birth Interval in Ethiopia: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Lailulo Abraham Yishak , Sathiya Susuman A , Nsengiyumva Philomene
Published: October 2023

Age at first marriage has a significant effect on birth interval. This study investigates the relationship between age at marriage to birth interval and its associated factors in Ethiopia. The objective of the study is to examine the estimated age at first marriage to first birth interval and its main associated factors by age at first marriage and place of residence in Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2011 were used. The Cox proportional hazard model is used to determine the significant factors contributing towards age at marriage to first birth interval in Ethiopia. The findings from the Cox proportional hazard model indicate that age at first marriage, religion, region, educational level and work status are the most important significant covariates of ‘age at first marriage to first birth interval’ in Ethiopia. Age at first marriage of women and their socio-economic factors contribute to differences in first birth interval. On the contrary, in Muslim-dominated regions such as Somali, the time of transition to motherhood is early due to their religious belief.
Current practices, gaps, and opportunities on the role of clinical pharmacists in cancer pain management: Perspectives from Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Gan Siew Hua , Paudyal Vibhu , KC Bhuvan , Sapkota Simit
Published: October 2023

N/A
Efficacy of telemedicine-based antimicrobial stewardship program to combat antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dirjayanto Valerie J , Lazarus Gilbert , Geraldine Priscilla , Dyson Nathaniel G , Triastari Stella K , Anjani Jasmine V , Wisnu Nayla KP , Sugiharta Adrianus J
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat. Improving antimicrobial use is the main strategy against AMR, but it is challenging to implement especially in low-resource settings. Thus, this review aims to explore the efficacy of telehealth-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP), which is more accessible.

Methods

Registered to PROSPERO and following PRISMA guidelines, literature search was performed in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, searching for studies implementing telehealth ASP. Critical appraisal of studies was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies (NOS), Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB) 2.0, and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I). We utilized inverse variance, random effects model to obtain the pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) estimates, as well as sensitivity and subgroup analysis.

Results and Discussion

The search yielded 14 studies. Telehealth-based ASP was associated with better adherence to guidelines (pooled OR: 2.78 [95%CI:1.29–5.99], p = 0.009; I2 = 93%), within which streamlining yielded better odds (pooled OR: 30.54 [95%CI:10.42–89.52], p < 0.001) more than the compliance with policy subgroup (pooled OR: 1.60 [95%CI:1.02–2.51], p = 0.04). The odds of antimicrobial prescription rate reduced significantly (pooled OR: 0.60 [95%CI:0.42–0.85], p = 0.005; I2 = 94%), especially for the lower respiratory infection subgroup (pooled OR: 0.37 [95%CI:0.28–0.49], p < 0.001). Days of therapy decreased (pooled MD: -47.12 [95%CI: −85.78– −8.46], p = 0.02; I2 = 100%), with the greatest effect in acute care settings (pooled MD: -97.73 [95%CI:−147.48–47.97], p = 0.0001). Mortality did not change significantly (pooled OR: 1.20 [95%CI:0.69–2.10], p = 0.52; I2 = 63%).

Conclusion

Telehealth-based ASP was proven beneficial to increase adherence to guideline and reduce prescription rates, without significantly affecting patient clinical outcome. After further studies, we recommend more widespread use of telemedicine to combat AMR.
Cir-DNA Sequencing Revealed the Landscape of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Articular Cartilage and the Potential Roles in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xiang Wei , Zhang Tongyi , Li Song , Gong Yunquan , Luo Xiaoqing , Yuan Jing , Wu Yaran , Yan Xiaojing , Xiong Yan , Lian Jiqin , Zhao Guangyu , Gao Changyue , Kuang Liang , Ni Zhenhong
Published: October 2023

Objective

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has been shown to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes including immunity, inflammation, aging, and tumor. However, the expression of eccDNA in cartilage has not been reported until now. In this study, we aimed to investigate the landscape of eccDNA in articular cartilage and analyze the potential roles in osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

The samples of articular cartilage were obtained from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) donors with OA. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNAs) and the linear DNAs from chondrocytes of articular cartilage were removed. Then the eccDNAs were enriched for cir-DNA sequencing. After quality control evaluation, we systematically revealed the identified eccDNA data including size distribution, the size range, and sequence pattern. Moreover, we explored and discussed the potential roles of eccDNA in OA via motif analysis and Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

Results

The chondrocytes from OA cartilage contained an abundance of eccDNAs, which was termed as OC-eccDNAs (OA cartilage-derived eccDNA). The characteristics of OC-eccDNAs were tissue-specific, including the distribution, the size range, and sequence pattern. Moreover, the functional analysis indicated that eccDNA may be involved in the homeostasis maintenance of chondrocytes and participated in the process of OA.

Conclusions

Our data first showed the landscape of eccDNA in articular cartilage and preliminarily indicated the potential roles of eccDNA in OA.
Online Health Information Wants of Caregivers for Persons With Dementia in Social Media
Authors: Tang Alison Y. , Kwak Jung , Xiao Lu , Xie Bo , Lahiri Sucheta , Flynn Olivia Aiden , Murugadass Abinav
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to examine the online information behavior of informal caregivers of persons with dementia (PWDs). We examined caregivers’ posts ( N = 401) in two subgroups on the social media platform Reddit. Content analysis and correlational analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. Over half of caregivers (57%) posted health information for the purposes of both sharing and seeking information, whereas the remaining caregivers posted information for the purpose of sharing only. The three most commonly exchanged types of health information were information about psychosocial issues, daily care for a patient at home, and characteristics of dementia. The more types of health information that a post contained, the greater number of peers who participated in discussions. These findings show that caregivers use social media as a tool for health information support—to seek health information from other caregivers rather than rely on health care professionals or support groups.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Comparing Complete Capsular Closure Against Unrepaired Hip Capsules During Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Dasari Suhas P. , Kasson Luke B. , Condon Joshua J. , Mameri Enzo S. , Kerzner Benjamin , Khan Zeeshan A. , Jackson Garrett R. , Gursoy Safa , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Hevesi Mario , Chahla Jorge
Published: October 2023

Background:

While the biomechanical importance of the hip capsule is well described, there remains controversy over the necessity of routine capsular closure after hip arthroscopy.

Purpose:

To perform a meta-analysis of clinical studies to compare pooled outcomes of complete hip capsular closure cohorts against unrepaired hip capsule cohorts.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL/EBSCO, and Scopus were queried in February 2022 for studies that directly compared clinical outcomes for hip arthroscopy patients treated with either complete capsular closure or an unrepaired capsule. Outcomes assessed were incidence of revision hip arthroscopy, incidence of subsequent conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), and improvement from baseline in modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS) activities of daily living (ADL), HOS sports specific (SS) subscale, Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) ADL, and HAGOS SS subscale. A pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to compare changes in mHHS. A pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to compare changes in the ADL and SS outcomes. A pooled risk ratio (RR) was used to compare the probability of revision hip arthroscopy and conversion to THA based on capsular management. For pooled outcomes where heterogeneity was regarded as potentially unimportant, a fixed-effects model was implemented. For pooled outcomes with considerable heterogeneity, a random-effects model was implemented.

Results:

Of the 1896 records identified in our search, 11 studies (1897 patients) were included. A significantly higher improvement in mHHS (WMD, −3.72; 95% CI, −4.95 to −2.50; P < .00001) and ADL outcomes (SMD, −0.30; 95% CI, −0.54 to −0.07; P = .01) were seen after complete capsular closure. There was a significantly lower probability of subsequent revision hip arthroscopy (RR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.45; P = .008) and conversion to THA (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.79; P = .03) after complete capsular repair. There was no difference in SS outcomes (SMD, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.16 to 0.13; P = .81) between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis demonstrated that routine complete capsular closure after hip arthroscopy led to superior clinical outcomes relative to unrepaired hip capsules.
Isolation and in-vitro characterization of extracellular phytase producing bacterial isolates for potential application in poultry feed
Authors: Mussa Lubaba Amede , Yadetie Diriba Muleta , Temesgen Endeshaw Abatenh , Tefera Anteneh Tesfaye , Gemeda Mesfin Tafesse
Published: October 2023

Background

Phytase catalyses the breakdown of complex organic forms of phosphorous into simpler forms by sequential hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds to liberate the inorganic phosphate. Supplementation of feeds with bacterial phytase therefore could enhance the bioavailability of phosphorus and micronutrients. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize phytase producing bacteria from rhizosphere soil, fresh poultry excreta, and cattle shed to evaluate their potential in improving poultry feeds. Phytase producing bacteria were isolated using wheat bran extract medium.

Results

A total of 169 bacterial isolates were purified and screened for phytase activity. Out of these, 36 were confirmed as positive for phytase enzyme activity. The bacterial isolates were identified by cultural, morphological, and biochemical features. The isolates were also identified by using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates (RS1, RS8, RS10 and RS15) were provided with gene bank database accession numbers of MZ407562, MZ407563, MZ407564 and MZ407565 respectively. All isolates increased phytase production when cultured in wheat bran extract medium (pH 6) supplemented with 1% (wt/v) galactose and 1% (wt/v) ammonium sulphate incubated at 50oC for 72 h. Proximate composition analysis after supplementation of phytase showed that phytase supplementation improved bioavailability of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and sodium in poultry feed.

Conclusions

Overall, this study showed that the nutritional value of poultry feed can be improved using microbial phytase enzyme which reduces the cost of supplementation with inorganic phosphate.
LACC1 regulates changes in the intestinal flora in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Xu Zheng-Yuan , Wang Jin-Chun
Published: October 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby LACC1 regulates the intestinal flora in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

C57BL/6 and Lacc1−/− mice were used to establish a mouse model of IBD induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The effects of Lacc1 deletion in mice were evaluated. Changes in the body weight and stool blood were recorded daily. After 7 days of successful modeling, the mice were sacrificed, blood was collected from the eyeballs, the entire colon was dissected and separated, and the length of the colon was measured.

Results

Compared with the wild-type (WT) DSS model group, the Lacc1−/− DSS model group showed a significantly higher disease activity index score (P < 0.05), significantly faster weight loss (P < 0.05), and a significantly shorter colon (P < 0.05), indicating that the colonic mucosal tissue was seriously damaged in the Lacc1−/− DSS model group (P < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in the Lacc1−/− DSS model group than the WT DSS model group. Principal coordinate analysis showed that there were significant microbiome differences between the WT, Lacc1−/−, WT DSS model, and Lacc1−/− DSS model groups (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that under natural conditions, Lacc1−/− mice had significant changes in their intestinal flora compared with control mice (LDA value > 3 or < 3, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Lacc1 deletion aggravates DSS-induced IBD in mice.
A meta-analysis on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders
Authors: Chen Ying-Hsin , Liang Shun-Chin , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Cheng Yu-Shian , Tzang Ruu‐Fen , Chiu Hsien‐Jane , Wang Ming-Yu , Cheng Ying-Chih , Hung Kuo-Chuan
Published: October 2023

Background

Therapeutic efficacies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for improving cognitive functions in patients with deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remained unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS focusing on different cognitive performances.

Methods

Major databases were searched electronically from inception to February 2023 by using keywords mainly “rTMS” and “ADHD” to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving cognitive functions assessed by standardized tasks in patients with ADHD. The overall effect size (ES) was calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) based on a random effects model.

Results

Meta-analysis of five RCTs with 189 participants (mean age of 32.78 and 8.53 years in adult and child/adolescent populations, respectively) demonstrated that rTMS was more effective for improving sustained attention in patients with ADHD compared with the control groups (SMD = 0.54, p = 0.001).Our secondary analysis also showed that rTMS was more effective for improving processing speed than the control groups (SMD = 0.59, p = 0.002) but not for enhancing memory or executive function.

Conclusions

Our results supported the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS for improving sustained attention and processing speed. However, the limitation of available data warrants further studies to verify these findings.
Voltammetry in the spleen assesses real-time immunomodulatory norepinephrine release elicited by autonomic neurostimulation
Authors: Mughrabi Ibrahim T. , Gerber Michael , Jayaprakash Naveen , Palandira Santhoshi P. , Al-Abed Yousef , Datta-Chaudhuri Timir , Smith Corey , Pavlov Valentin A. , Zanos Stavros
Published: October 2023

Background

The noradrenergic innervation of the spleen is implicated in the autonomic control of inflammation and has been the target of neurostimulation therapies for inflammatory diseases. However, there is no real-time marker of its successful activation, which hinders the development of anti-inflammatory neurostimulation therapies and mechanistic studies in anti-inflammatory neural circuits.

Methods

In mice, we performed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the spleen during intravenous injections of norepinephrine (NE), and during stimulation of the vagus, splanchnic, or splenic nerves. We defined the stimulus-elicited charge generated at the oxidation potential for NE (~ 0.88 V) as the “NE voltammetry signal” and quantified the dependence of the signal on NE dose and intensity of neurostimulation. We correlated the NE voltammetry signal with the anti-inflammatory effect of splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) in a model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced endotoxemia, quantified as suppression of TNF release.

Results

The NE voltammetry signal is proportional to the estimated peak NE blood concentration, with 0.1 μg/mL detection threshold. In response to SpNS, the signal increases within seconds, returns to baseline minutes later, and is blocked by interventions that deplete NE or inhibit NE release. The signal is elicited by efferent, but not afferent, electrical or optogenetic vagus nerve stimulation, and by splanchnic nerve stimulation. The magnitude of the signal during SpNS is inversely correlated with subsequent TNF suppression in endotoxemia and explains 40% of the variance in TNF measurements.

Conclusions

FSCV in the spleen provides a marker for real-time monitoring of anti-inflammatory activation of the splenic innervation during autonomic stimulation.
Application of deep learning technique in next generation sequence experiments
Authors: Özgür Su , Orman Mehmet
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the widespread utilization of biological data processing technology has been driven by its cost-effectiveness. Consequently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become an integral component of biological research. NGS technologies enable the sequencing of billions of nucleotides in the entire genome, transcriptome, or specific target regions. This sequencing generates vast data matrices. Consequently, there is a growing demand for deep learning (DL) approaches, which employ multilayer artificial neural networks and systems capable of extracting meaningful information from these extensive data structures. In this study, the aim was to obtain optimized parameters and assess the prediction performance of deep learning and machine learning (ML) algorithms for binary classification in real and simulated whole genome data using a cloud-based system. The ART-simulated data and paired-end NGS (whole genome) data of Ch22, which includes ethnicity information, were evaluated using XGBoost, LightGBM, and DL algorithms. When the learning rate was set to 0.01 and 0.001, and the epoch values were updated to 500, 1000, and 2000 in the deep learning model for the ART simulated dataset, the median accuracy values of the ART models were as follows: 0.6320, 0.6800, and 0.7340 for epoch 0.01; and 0.6920, 0.7220, and 0.8020 for epoch 0.001, respectively. In comparison, the median accuracy values of the XGBoost and LightGBM models were 0.6990 and 0.6250 respectively. When the same process is repeated for Chr 22, the results are as follows: the median accuracy values of the DL models were 0.5290, 0.5420 and 0.5820 for epoch 0.01; and 0.5510, 0.5830 and 0.6040 for epoch 0.001, respectively. Additionally, the median accuracy values of the XGBoost and LightGBM models were 0.5760 and 0.5250, respectively. While the best classification estimates were obtained at 2000 epochs and a learning rate (LR) value of 0.001 for both real and simulated data, the XGBoost algorithm showed higher performance when the epoch value was 500 and the LR was 0.01. When dealing with class imbalance, the DL algorithm yielded similar and high Recall and Precision values. Conclusively, this study serves as a timely resource for genomic scientists, providing guidance on why, when, and how to effectively utilize deep learning/machine learning methods for the analysis of human genomic data.
Neurocognitive skills and vulnerability for psychosis in depression and across the psychotic spectrum: findings from the PRONIA Consortium
Authors: Bonivento Carolina , Kambeitz-Ilankovic Lana , Maggioni Eleonora , Borgwardt Stefan , Lencer Rebekka , Meisenzahl Eva , Kambeitz Joseph , Ruhrmann Stephan , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Bertolino Alessandro , Stainton Alexandra , Wenzel Julian , Pantelis Christos , Wood Stephen J. , Upthegrove Rachel , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Brambilla Paolo ,   the PRONIA Consortium
Published: October 2023

Background

Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of psychosis and depression. Despite commonalities in cognitive alterations, it remains unclear if and how the cognitive deficits in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and those with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) are distinct from those seen in recent-onset depression (ROD).

Aims

This study was carried out within the European project ‘Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management’, and aimed to characterise the cognitive profiles of patients with psychosis or depression.

Method

We examined cognitive profiles for patients with ROP (n = 105), patients with ROD (n = 123), patients at CHR (n = 116) and healthy controls (n = 372) across seven sites in five European countries. Confirmatory factor analysis identified four cognitive factors independent of gender, education and site: speed of processing, attention and working memory, verbal learning and spatial learning.

Results

Patients with ROP performed worse than healthy controls in all four domains (P < 0.001), whereas performance of patients with ROD was not affected (P > 0.05). Patients at CHR performed worse than healthy controls in speed of processing (P = 0.001) and spatial learning (P = 0.003), but better than patients with ROP across all cognitive domains (all P ≤ 0.01). CHR and ROD groups did not significantly differ in any cognitive domain. These findings were independent of comorbid depressive symptoms, substance consumption and illness duration.

Conclusions

These results show that neurocognitive abilities are affected in CHR and ROP, whereas ROD seems spared. Although our findings may support the notion that those at CHR have a specific vulnerability to psychosis, future studies investigating broader transdiagnostic risk cohorts in longitudinal designs are needed.
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Combinations in First-Line Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Increasing Toxicity With Unclear Benefits
Authors: Madan Ravi A. , Karzai Fatima , VanderWeele David J. , Cheng Heather H. , de Bono Johann S.
Published: October 2023

Positive phase III trials are not truly practice changing if they do not accurately inform on the best options for patients
When PALMs Are in Your THOUGHTs, You Head South: New Orleans Low-Back Vowels and Diffusion from New York City
Authors: Dinkin Aaron J. , Carmichael Katie
Published: October 2023

In New Orleans, there is a White, working-class dialect of English, sometimes called Yat, that has several notable similarities with that of New York City. These similarities have been argued to be the result of nineteenth-century dialect contact between residents of the two cities. Examining the distribution of low-back vowels in the vowel systems of 57 speakers of the New Orleans Yat dialect, the authors argue that patterning of the palm vowel similarly shows evidence of diffusion from New York City around this time period. Words of the palm lexical set that have been part of the English lexicon since before the nineteenth century, such as father and calm, are found to be merged with the thought phoneme in New Orleans, while more recent palm words such as garage are merged with lot. A handful of traditional lot words, such as John and god, are also sporadically attested with the thought phoneme. Since traditional New York City English also possesses a palm vowel backer than lot, with words such as John and god variably included in it—a pattern that is not widely found in other dialects closely connected to New Orleans English—the findings are interpreted as further evidence for dialect diffusion from New York to New Orleans.
Exercise Interventions for Prostate Cancer Survivors Receiving Hormone Therapy: Systematic Review
Authors: Moe Esther L. , Chadd Joanna , McDonagh Marian , Valtonen Maarit , Horner-Johnson Willi , Eden Karen B. , Guise Jeanne-Marie , Nail Lillian , Winters-Stone Kerri M.
Published: October 2023

Prostate cancer survivors (PCS) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) often experience adverse effects that negatively affect physical function and quality of life. Exercise may ameliorate those treatment adverse effects, and effective, scalable interventions to increase exercise behaviors are needed. The objective of our review is to evaluate both the efficacy and the implementation methods of exercise interventions for PCS receiving ADT. We searched MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2016. Randomized controlled trials of exercise intervention PCS receiving ADT were included. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42015017348). Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion and risk of bias. Nine articles describing eight randomized controlled trials were included. The included interventions varied in training type (resistance or aerobic), length of intervention, dose of training (number of exercise sessions per week), and whether training was supervised or unsupervised. Despite heterogeneous interventions, varied measures, and generally short duration of training (average of 12 wk), improvements in fitness, symptoms, physical function, and quality of life were reported. The exercise training sessions were well attended, because few participants discontinued their participation in the exercise interventions, and attendance at supervised exercise sessions ranged from 74% to 94%. Self-reported compliance with the unsupervised exercise component was lower than that with the supervised sessions for trials that reported these data. In conclusion, supervised programs may be less scalable or accessible to populations with limited access. Future efforts should focus on delivery of programs that can adequately scale and contain the features of successful supervised interventions so that broad uptake by PCS on ADT can be achieved.
Charakterisierung histologischer wachstumsmuster pulmonaler metastasen und deren assoziation mit dem auftreten von intrapulmonalen lokalrezidiven
Authors: Αρφάνης Ηλίας
Published: October 2023

Εισαγωγή: Στην παρούσα εργασία αναφέρουμε τα ιστοπαθολογικά πρότυπα εξάπλωσης σε ασθενείς με πνευμονικές μεταστάσεις από εξωπνευμονικούς πρωτοπαθείς όγκους και τη συσχέτισή τους με την ανάπτυξη τοπικής υποτροπής στο σημείο εκτομής στον πνεύμονα. Μέθοδοι: Ο πληθυσμός της μελέτης αποτελούνταν από 100 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε μεταστασεκτομή πνεύμονα στην Ruhrlandklinik-Essen από τον Φεβρουάριο του 2008 έως τον Ιανουάριο του 2012. Η επίδραση των ιστοπαθολογικών παραγόντων στο χρόνο επιβίωσης συγκρίθηκε με τη χρήση του τεστ log-rank και παρουσιάστηκε με καμπύλες Kaplan-Meier. Αποτελέσματα: Οι πνευμονικές μεταστάσεις από διαφορετικούς εξωπνευμονικούς όγκους αναπτύσσονται διαφορετικά στον πνεύμονα. Τουλάχιστον τα δύο τρίτα των πνευμονικών μεταστάσεων παρουσιάζουν επιθετικό ιστοπαθολογικό πρότυπο εξάπλωσης. Η συχνότητα των επιμέρους χαρακτηριστικών εξάπλωσης εξαρτάται από την ιστολογία του πρωτοπαθούς όγκου. Η πλευριτική διήθηση, η αιματογενής εξάπλωση, η διάμεση ανάπτυξη και οι δορυφορικοί όζοι σχετίζονται με σημαντικά αυξημένο ποσοστό τοπικής υποτροπής ενδοπνευμονικά. Η εμφάνιση τοπικών υποτροπών αποτελεί αρνητικό προγνωστικό παράγοντα. Η διείσδυση στον υπεζωκότα και οι δορυφορικοί όζοι έχουν αρνητικό προγνωστικό αντίκτυπο στην επιβίωση. Άλλοι αρνητικοί προγνωστικοί παράγοντες είναι η ιστολογία του πρωτοπαθούς όγκου και η συμμετοχή λεμφαδένων. Ο αριθμός των επεμβάσεων επηρεάζει θετικά τη συνολική επιβίωση, δικαιολογώντας την εκ νέου μετασταθεκτομή ασθενών με υποτροπιάζουσες πνευμονικές μεταστάσεις. Συμπέρασμα: Η εκτομή R0 δεν επαρκεί για την αποφυγή της τοπικής υποτροπής ενδοπνευμονικά. Χρειάζεται ένα πρόσθετο περιθώριο ασφαλείας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα διαφορετικά πρότυπα ανάπτυξης ανάλογα με την ιστολογία του πρωτοπαθούς όγκου. Για τις μεταστάσεις σαρκώματος, αυτό αφορά κυρίως τον σπλαχνικό υπεζωκότα. Για τις μεταστάσεις όγκων του παχέος εντέρου, η απόσταση ασφαλείας πρέπει να περιλαμβάνει τους δορυφορικούς κόμβους και τη διάμεση ανάπτυξη κυκλικά.