bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community correlates of change: A mixed-effects assessment of shooting dynamics during COVID-19
Authors: Johnson Nicole J. , Roman Caterina G.
Published: February 2022

This study examines changes in gun violence at the census tract level in Philadelphia, PA before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Piecewise generalized linear mixed effects models are used to test the relative impacts of social-structural and demographic factors, police activity, the presence of and proximity to drug markets, and physical incivilities on shooting changes between 2017 and June, 2021. Model results revealed that neighborhood structural characteristics like concentrated disadvantage and racial makeup, as well as proximity to drug markets and police activity were associated with higher shooting rates. Neighborhood drug market activity and police activity significantly predicted changes in shooting rates over time after the onset of COVID-19. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding whether there are unique factors that impact the susceptibility to exogenous shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. The increasing risk of being in a neighborhood with an active drug market during the pandemic suggests efforts related to disrupting drug organizations, or otherwise curbing violence stemming from drug markets, may go a long way towards quelling citywide increases in gun violence.
The impact of background liver disease on the long-term prognosis of very-early-stage HCC after ablation therapy
Authors: Takaura Kenta , Kurosaki Masayuki , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Kouji , Muto Tomohiro , Osawa Leona , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Hayakawa Yuka , Higuchi Mayu , Kaneko Shun , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Itakura Jun , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuka , Izumi Namiki
Published: February 2022

Background and aim

The long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated at a very-early-stage (the Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification stage 0) was unclear, especially in terms of background liver disease.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included 302 patients with BCLC stage 0 HCC treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and followed for at least six months. We examined the impact of background liver disease on overall survival and recurrence.

Results

The median age was 72 (range; 36–91) years; the median tumor diameter was 15 (range; 8–20) mm. The etiologies of background liver disease were hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in 24 cases, hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) in 195 cases, and non-viral (NBNC) in 83 cases. Among the patients with HCV, 63 had achieved sustained virological response (SVR) by antiviral therapy (HCV SVR) before developing HCC (n = 37) or after HCC treatment (n = 26), and 132 had active HCV infection (HCV non-SVR). The median overall survival was 85 (95% CI; 72–98) months, and the median recurrence-free survival was 26 (95% CI; 20–30) months. Active infection with hepatitis C virus negatively contributed to overall survival (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.31–3.60, p = 0.003) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.05, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

The prognosis of RFA treatment for very early-stage HCC was favorable. Achieving SVR in hepatitis C was important for further prognosis improvement.
Blood lead levels and lead toxicity in children aged 1-5 years of Cinangka Village, Bogor Regency
Authors: Irawati Yana , Kusnoputranto Haryoto , Achmadi Umar Fahmi , Safrudin Ahmad , Sitorus Alfred , Risandi Rifqi , Wangsamuda Suradi , Setia Asih Puji Budi , Syafruddin Din
Published: February 2022

Lead is one of ten hazardous chemicals of public health concern and is used in more than 900 occupations, including the battery, smelting, and mining industries. Lead toxicity accounts for 1.5% (900,000) of deaths annually in the world. In Indonesia, reports of high Blood Lead Level (BLL) were associated with residency in Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) recycling sites. The present study aims to investigate the BLL and the evidence of lead toxicity of children living in an ULAB recycling site in Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study involving 128 children aged 1–5 years was conducted in September-October 2019. The socio-economic factors, BLL, nutritional status, and hematological parameters, were evaluated. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using the Chi-Square test. Socio-economic factors revealed only 2.3% children have pica and 10.9% children have hand-to-mouth habits. Majority of parents had low income, education, and have stayed in the village for years. Analysis on BLL revealed that 69.5% children had BLL of >10 μg/dL, 25% had abnormal BMI, 23.4% had underweight, 53.9% had stunting, 33.6% had anemia, and 22.6% had basophilic stippling. The average BLL and hemoglobin levels of respondents were 17.03 μg/dL and 11.48 g/dL, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that children with high BLL had double risk of having underweight and protected from stunting. Analysis on the association between BLL and BMI for age revealed a higher risk to have abnormal BMI. The high BLL also had 1.017 times risk of developing anemia, and almost doubled risk of having basophilic stippling, although they were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the high BLL of children living in the ULAB recycling indicates that lead exposure as well as lead toxicity are still occurring in Cinangka Village, and alerts to the need for a systematic action to mitigate the exposure.
Pregnancy resumption following contraceptive discontinuation: Hazard survival analysis of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey Data 2007, 2012 and 2017
Authors: Gayatri Maria , Utomo Budi , Budiharsana Meiwita , Dasvarma Gouranga
Published: February 2022

Objective

The objective of this research is to estimate the probability of pregnancy resumption after discontinuing reversible contraceptives—pills, injectables, implants and IUDs, and to examine the factors associated with the resumption of fertility.

Method

The study uses pregnancy calendar data from Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) of 2007, 2012 and 2017. A hazard model survival method is used for estimating the time needed to resume pregnancy since discontinuing reversible contraceptives. Retrospective data on 4,573; 5,183 and 5,989 episodes of reversible contraceptive discontinuation at the three surveys respectively have been analysed.

Results

This study shows that women regained fecundity within one year of discontinuing IUD, pill, injectables or implants. Women using IUD could resume their pregnancy faster than those using implants, pills and injectables. Over the three IDHS 2007, 2012 and 2017 the age-specific percentages of women becoming pregnant after one year of contraceptive discontinuation vary between 72 and 85 for IUD, 75 and 81 for pills, 72 and 76 for implants and 64 and 67 for injectables, with the percentages being higher among younger women. The analysis further shows that length of contraceptive use, parity, prior sexually transmitted infections, knowledge of fertile period, household wealth status and place of residence have no impact on occurrence of pregnancy after contraceptive discontinuation.

Conclusion

The analysis disproves a myth that reversible contraceptives make women infertile. Depending on the type of reversible contraceptive used, 65% to 85% of the women were able to conceive after one year of discontinuation.
Polypharmacy occurrence and the related risk of premature death among older adults in Denmark: A nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Jørring Pallesen Anna Vera , Kristiansen Maria , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Mortensen Laust Hvas
Published: February 2022

Background

Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of ≥5 medications, increases the risk of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions as well as non-adherence to drug therapy. This may have negative health consequences particularly among older adults due to age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. This study aims to uncover the occurrence of polypharmacy among older adults in Denmark and investigate how polypharmacy relates to mortality.

Method

This nationwide register-based study included 1,338,058 adults aged 65+ years between January 2013 and December 2017 in Denmark. Polypharmacy prevalence was measured at time of inclusion while incidence and the association between polypharmacy and mortality were measured over the five-year follow-up using Cox regression. In an attempt to adjust for confounding by indication, propensity scores with overlap weighting were introduced to the regression model.

Results

At time of inclusion, polypharmacy prevalence was 29% and over the five years follow-up, 47% of the remaining adults transitioned into polypharmacy. Identified risk factors included multimorbidity (2+ morbidities: HR = 3.51; 95% CI = 3.48–3.53), age (95+ years: HR = 2.85; 95% CI = 2.74–2.96), socioeconomic factors (Highest income quartile: HR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.80–0.81), region of birth region (Non-western migrants: HR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.75–0.79), marital status (Divorced: HR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.10–1.12) and year of inclusion (2017: HR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.19–1.22). Further analyses showed that polypharmacy involves many different drug cocktails with medication for the cardiovascular system (95%), blood and blood-forming organs (69%), alimentary tract and metabolism (61%) and nervous system (54%) contributing the most. After adjustment for propensity scores with OW, both polypharmacy (HR = 3.48, CI95% = 3.41–3.54) and excessive polypharmacy (HR = 3.48, CI95% = 3.43–3.53) increased the risk of death substantially.

Conclusion

A considerable proportion of older adults in Denmark were exposed to polypharmacy dependent on health status, socio-economic status, and societal factors. The associated three- to four-fold mortality risk indicate a need for further exploration of the appropriateness of polypharmacy among older adults.
Identifying Louisiana communities at the crossroads of environmental and social vulnerability, COVID-19, and asthma
Authors: Bakshi Arundhati , Van Doren Alicia , Maser Colette , Aubin Kathleen , Stewart Collette , Soileau Shannon , Friedman Kate , Williams Alexis
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the socially and environmentally vulnerable, including through indirect effects on other health conditions. Asthma is one such condition, which may be exacerbated by both prolonged adverse in-home exposures if quarantining in unhealthy homes and prolonged outdoor exposures if the ambient air quality is unhealthy or hazardous. As both are often the case in Environmental Justice (EJ) communities, here we have analyzed data at the census tract (CT) level for Louisiana to assess any correlation between social and environmental vulnerability, and health issues like COVID-19 and asthma. Higher Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), Particulate Matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and Ozone levels were associated with higher rates of cumulative COVID-19 incidence at various time points during the pandemic, as well as higher average annual asthma hospitalization rates and estimated asthma prevalence. Further, cumulative COVID-19 incidence during the first three months of the pandemic was moderately correlated with both asthma hospitalizations and estimated prevalence, suggesting similar underlying factors may be affecting both conditions. Additionally, 137 CTs were identified where social and environmental vulnerabilities co-existed, of which 75 (55%) had high estimated prevalence of asthma. These areas are likely to benefit from asthma outreach that considers both social and environmental risk factors. Fifteen out of the 137 CTs (11%) not only had higher estimated prevalence of asthma but also a high burden of COVID-19. Further research in these areas may help to elucidate any common social determinants of health that underlie both asthma and COVID-19 burdens, as well as better clarify the possible role of the environment as related to the COVID-19 burden in Louisiana.
DIVERSITY OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES IN INDONESIAN WATERS
Authors: Widiarti Riani , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Madduppa Hawis
Published: February 2022

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a syndrome caused by ciguatoxin-producing benthic dinoflagellate, which are typically attached to macroalgae. The toxin is responsible for the human poisoning symptom observed after the consumption of contaminated reef fish. Research on the composition and abundance of benthic dinoflagellate on macroalgae had already conducted within the 2010 - 2015 at several coral reef areas in Indonesian waters, such as Weh Island - Aceh, Belitung Island, Lampung Bay, Seribu Islands, and Lombok Island. This study reviewed all the references concern on benthic dinoflagellate researches in Indonesia, with aims to raise awareness on the presence of potentially toxic benthic dinoflagellates in Indonesian waters, also to create an inventory of the species discovered. The study revealed four of the six genera which are potentially toxic, namely Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum. The Prorocentrum cells were identified in a larger number than any other genera in all the sampling locations. The relatively high number of benthic dinoflagellates were observed in Lampung Bay and Seribu Islands, which might be due to the high level of human activities. These findings are essential to compile a database on the CFP-causing species and to monitor the affected areas, specifically in highly populated locations or tourist sites.
Hazai példák a mentális térképezés alkalmazására
Authors: Bíró A. Zoltán , Csernák Boldizsár , Garamhegyi Ábel , Letenyei László
Published: February 2022

A következő oldalakon néhány hazai példát mutatunk be a települések mentális térképének szerkesztésére. Ez a válogatás azért született, hogy bemutassa a mentális térképek hazai kutatásainak nagyrészt publikálatlan eredményeit. A válogatás a mentális térképezés módszertani sokszínűségének bemutatására törekszik. Jelen kötetben a kulturális antropológia, a szociológia, a térképészet és az alkalmazott településkutatás területeiről egyaránt választottunk példákat. A csíkszeredai Kommunikációs Antropológia Munkacsoport nyolcvanas évekbeli kutatása antropológiai szemlélete és a résztvevő megfigyelésen alapuló strukturálatlan adatgyűjtése miatt lett válogatásunk első tanulmánya. A későbbi hazai kutatásokban egyre inkább a strukturált jelleg lesz jellemző. Az alkalmazott településfejlesztési célú kutatások már csak a szűkös időbeni és anyagi korlátok miatt is az adatfelvétel standardizálásával kísérleteznek. Csernák Boldizsár és Garamhegyi Ábel kutatásaiban megjelennek a kvantitatív adatgyűjtési és statisztikai adatfeldolgozási technikák.
A megérzéstől a megerősítésig: a terepmunka az antropológiában
Authors: San Román Teresa
Published: February 2022

Amennyiben röviden össze kellene foglalnom az olyan kérdésekkel kapcsolatos véleményemet, mint például: a dolgok menete milyen hatással van a szereplőkre?; mivel magyarázhatóak?; milyen okok, megfontolások és érdekek játszanak közre keletkezésükben, illetve abban, hogy minden úgy alakul, ahogy?; hogyan képzelhető el a tudás konstruálódása az antropológia keretében? – nos, akkor abból a felismerésből indulnék ki, hogy lehetetlen annak az empirikus valóságnak a felfogása és megértése, amelyet mindig csupán közvetve érzékelünk. Hiába gondolnánk, hogy a valóságot az elméletek és az értelmezések segítségével jobban megközelíthetjük. Szükségtelen görcsösen ragaszkodnunk a fogalom- és kategóriahasználatunk minél teljesebb operacionalizálásához, illetve ahhoz, hogy a pontosságot az operacionalizálhatósága alapján, illetve aszerint értelmezzük, hogy miként használható nem egyéni, általános módon.
Az antropológiai résztvevő megfigyelés története
Authors: Vörös Miklós , Frida Balázs
Published: February 2022

A „klasszikus” kulturális antropológia felfogható úgy, mint az egzotikum tanulmányozásának, megértésének és magyarázatának a tudománya. Az koronként változott, hogy mit és hogyan tekintettek egzotikusnak, de a tanulmányozó és tanulmányozott közötti földrajzi, társadalmi és kulturális távolságot hosszú időn keresztül mindig is adottnak tekintették és fenn is tartották. Az egzotikum a kulturális antropológia egyes korszakaiban más és más megfogalmazást nyert. A nagy földrajzi (és természettudományos) felfedezések korában vadembernek (savage) nevezték azt az idegen, bár emberforma lényt, akit alapvetően a természet részének tekintettek. A viktoriánus korban az evolucionista fejlődéstana terjedt el leginkább, és ebben az értelmezési keretben az egzotikum a fejlődés alacsonyabb fokán álló ősi társadalom (primitive society) lehetett csak. A XX. században, a kulturális antropológia modern korszakában a bennszülött (native, indigenous, illetve aboriginal) megnevezés használata terjedt el leginkább, mivel az egzotikumot ekkor saját kulturális hagyományai megtestesítőjeként fogták fel. Erre a modern korszakra jellemző leginkább az a kutatási módszer, amely a kulturális antropológia megkülönböztető jegyévé vált: a résztvevő megfigyeléses terepmunka módszere. Ennek az időigényes, elmélyült kutatási módszernek a lényege a miénktől kulturálisan eltérő szokások és magatartásformák, intézmények és gondolkodásmódok megértése. A terepmunka célja a bennszülött nézőpontjába helyezkedés, amely egyszerre próbálja érvényesíteni a megértő és empatikus hozzáállást és a tudományosan távolságtartó megközelítést.
A fókuszcsoportos vizsgálat kimenetelét befolyásoló tényezők
Authors: Vicsek Lilla
Published: February 2022

Az utóbbi években a fókuszcsoportok Magyarországon is egyre népszerűbbek. Ezek csoportos interjúk, vagy talán még találóbb, ha csoportos beszélgetésként definiáljuk őket. A csoportok fókuszáltak abban az értelemben, hogy valamilyen kollektív tevékenységre irányulnak, vagy legalábbis a résztvevők egy témára koncentrálnak (Barbour és Kitzinger 1999). A fókuszcsoportos beszélgetéseken többnyire 6–12 fő vesz részt. A fókuszcsoportot az úgynevezett moderátor vezeti. A moderátor feladata, hogy biztosítsa, hogy a résztvevők a témára fókuszálnak, és õ teszi fel a főbb kérdéseket. Gyakori, hogy a résztvevőket bátorítják az egymással való interakcióra, beszélgetésre, és arra, hogy tegyenek fel egymásnak is kérdéseket. A fókuszcsoportnak minimális kritériuma, hogy a résztvevők hallgatóságot jelentsenek egymás számára (Kitzinger 1994). A fókuszcsoportokat általában videokamerával rögzítik.
Obesidad como factor de riesgo de severidad en Covid-19 en pediatría: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Prieto Andrea Carolina , Marín Castro Alejandra Soledad , Quintero Altare Alejandro , Baquero Castañeda Olga Lucia
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: la pandemia por coronavirus representa un desafío sin antecedentes para la salud pública mundial, como causa de morbimortalidad sustancial que ha impactado negativamente en todos los campos de la sociedad. La obesidad se ha identificado como factor de riesgo para diferentes patologías especialmente cardiovasculares, no obstante, la evidencia en adultos también la ha asociado con severidad de COVID-19.  Reporte de caso: presentamos el caso de un paciente de 12 años, obeso (IMC 34 kg/m2), quien curso con neumonía severa por COVID-19. Se realizó la revisión de la literatura disponible de la relación entre severidad de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y obesidad en el paciente pediátrico. Conclusión: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo modificable prevalente en nuestra sociedad, que se asocia a mayor tasa de mortalidad y complicaciones durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes pediátricos.
Vascular compression syndromes: a pictorial review
Authors: Farina Renato , Foti Pietro Valerio , Pennisi Isabella , Vasile Tiziana , Clemenza Mariangela , Rosa Giuliana La , Crimi Luca , Catalano Marco , Vacirca Francesco , Basile Antonio
Published: February 2022

Vascular compression syndromes include a group of rare vascular changes due to extrinsic compression of veins or arteries by surrounding structures. These pathologies are often underestimated due to their rarity, clinicians’ poor level of knowledge, and the non-specificity of their symptoms. The best known are Eagle syndrome, thoracic outlet syndrome, nutcracker syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, Dunbar syndrome, and popliteal entrapment syndrome. This work summarizes the main ultrasonographic characteristics, symptoms, and treatments of choice for these syndromes. Knowledge of these conditions’ characteristic signs is essential for the differential diagnosis. Failure to diagnose these rare diseases can expose patients to serious complications and risks to their health.
Produção da laranja no principal cinturão citrícola brasileiro: perfil e a concorrência com outras culturas
Authors: Guerreiro Neto Gerônimo , Rangel Fernandes Figueira Sérgio
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar dentro do principal cinturão citrícola brasileiro – estado de São Paulo e o Triangulo/Sudoeste Mineiro – a percepção do produtor de laranja com relação a substituição da cultura por outra dentro de sua propriedade. Em 922 propriedades, estratificadas em número de plantas: até 20.000; 20.001 a 100.000 e mais que 100.000, divididas em 12 regiões e 5 setores, foram realizadas 260 entrevistas – uma em cada propriedade.  Com 93 % de nível de confiança e 5 % de erro amostral, foi identificado que: a produção de laranja dentro da região pesquisada, é composta em sua maioria por produtores ainda de pequeno porte (menor que 20.000 plantas), com baixa produtividade por hectare, e pouca sofisticação nos métodos de controle dos custos de produção. A pesquisa identificou equilíbrio na presença da laranja com outras culturas nas propriedades, além do que, o produtor tem a percepção que a laranja, foi nas últimas safras, mais rentável que as culturas presentes em sua região, e, por isso, não pretende, substituir a cultura cítrica por outra.  Em caso de troca, a cana- de- açúcar é a cultura preferida por parte dos produtores – sobretudo nas regiões ao centro e norte do cinturão citrícola brasileiro.

Palavras- chave: regiões. setores.  propriedades citrícolas. laranja. cana-de- açúcar
diversidade do espaço rural e a influência das relações de produção na educação
Authors: Cruz Abigail Bruna da , De Castro de Azevedo Sandra
Published: February 2022

Resumo

Este artigo objetiva mostrar como a diversidade dentro da categoria Agricultura Familiar pode impactar a educação nas escolas rurais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma caracterização socioespacial das propriedades rurais do distrito de Barranco Alto, do município de Alfenas em Minas Gerais, que é marcadamente composta pelo modo de produção da agricultura familiar. Depois, foram criados quadros mostrando as principais diferenças entre os sete grupos em análise, buscando combinar as informações coletadas e organizadas nos quadros às teorias que tratam a respeito de questões pertinentes aos temas produção, cultura e relações de poder, para depois adentrar ao tema específico de ensino. Embora seja consideravelmente restrito o espaço rural estudado, esse espaço apresenta grande diversidade em suas dinâmicas socioespaciais já que cada sujeito desempenha um papel diferente nessa teia e isso reflete diretamente no ensino, que por vez tem que ser pensado de forma crítica para lançar luz às contradições existentes na sociedade e vivenciadas pelos alunos.

Palavras-chave: Meio Rural. Produção. Diversidade. Relações sociais. Ensino.
Fragmentos, espacio de arte y memoria: ¿monumento de memoria histórica o galería comercial de arte contemporáneo?
Authors: Peñuela Jorge , Herrera Buitrago María Mercedes
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo exponemos los resultados parciales de investigación acerca de espacio, memoria, arte y sociedad igualitaria. Aquí, elabora-mos una genealogía del monumento Fragmentos Espacio de Arte y Memoria FEAM, y exploramos su configuración para evidenciar su origen confuso. Preguntamos, ¿por qué fue designada la artista Doris Salcedo para ejecutar el monumento? ¿Por qué el concepto de justicia restaurativa, del cual debe dar cuenta FEAM, riñe, en nuestro criterio, con el dispositivo de obra de arte contemporáneo? Así, nuestras preguntas van encaminadas a considerar si FEAM contribuye a la reparación simbólica de la sociedad colombiana en tiempos de posconflicto. Además, si bajo su reglamento, es posible construir la memoria histórica necesaria para la transformación del país.
Políticas de la mirada, memorialización y musealización. Aportes para un estado de la cuestión
Authors: Vargas Sonia
Published: February 2022

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo trazar un estado actual del conocimiento alrededor de la musealización de la memoria, su relación con la imagen y los afectos, mediante el estudio amplio de antecedentes y referentes que dará cuenta de sus principales enfoques y sus posibles vacíos, algunos de los cuales pretenderé responder con mi propio proyecto de investigación-creación aquí expuesto. Para este fin he ubicado el espacio abierto por los debates de cinco ejes problémicos, éstos son: 1.) Giro memorialista, 2.) Musealización, 3.) Régimen visual y colonialidad, 4.) Imagen y memoria, 5.) subjetivación y afectos. Parto del reconocimiento que más que definicio-nes definitivas, presento definiciones operativas, provisionales e inseguras (García Canclini, 2001) que nos permitan seguir investigando. Muchos de los trabajos aquí expuestos transitan por más de un eje, dejando ver su carácter poroso. Este recorrido dará cuenta de los puntos de encuentros de las investigaciones y aportará a la construcción de nuevas apuestas.
Sensitivity of CNOSSOS-EU sound propagation model to digital surface components
Authors: Balogh Edina Anna , Schmelz Tamás , Orosz László
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of input data is a key issue in sound propagation model calculations. This paper aimed to assess the effect of building and land cover input data accuracy on CNOSSOS-EU sound propagation model outputs. Calculations were performed for a study site with a quite diverse land cover structure, located along a major road in Monor, Hungary. Nine test cases were defined based on building and land cover datasets with different accuracy.  Comparing the results of the test cases to each other, it was found that in residential areas, the sound propagation model is more sensitive to the building data than to the land cover data. Therefore, it is recommended to use more detailed building input data in those areas, while using a land cover database with higher resolution than CORINE land cover data does not provide significantly better results. In non-residential areas, the influence of land cover input data on model results increases significantly.
The DSGE model and the optimal monetary rule
Authors: Habiby Salwa
Published: February 2022

Inflation targeting policy is a monetary policy framework that ensures a low inflation rate, close to an objective that is usually 2%. Due to deterioration of the relationship between monetary variables and aggregates in many economies, this policy is emerging as a new monetary strategy. Bank Al-Maghrib is part of this process, and thus Morocco has taken the first step in this direction by adopting a more flexible exchange rate regime. Nevertheless, the transition to this regime requires knowledge of the transmission of the interest rate on inflation and output.

In this article, we determine the optimal monetary rule to accomplish Morocco's transition to inflation targeting. We evaluate this rule by first constructing a DSGE model for a closed economy and then estimating through Bayesian estimation four sub-models (four monetary rules).

The comparison between models shows that the rule associated with inflation and output targeting with interest rate smoothing allows for better transmission of monetary policy. It is therefore the optimal monetary rule for the eventual implementation of inflation targeting policy in Morocco.

Keywords: inflation targeting, credibility, economic growth, Neo Keynesian model, monetary rule.
Deconstructing Cutting: An Evidence-Based Coaching Framework to Reduce Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk
Authors: Davies William T. , Read Paul J.
Published: February 2022

Few evidence-based guides exist to support coaches in delivering technical elements of cutting that may reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. In isolation, balance exercises, jump landing, cutting movements, as well as modifying the penultimate step, may alter biomechanics favorably during this maneuver. By breaking this serial skill into its constituent parts, the coach is afforded an opportunity to observe trainable deficits, and allows the player more opportunity for practice. In addition, factors such as specificity to the direction of load during landings, alongside building capacity, and using externally focused cues may be crucial for adaptation and transference into open sporting scenarios.
Morpho-Electric Properties and Diversity of Oxytocin Neurons in Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus in Female and Male Mice
Authors: Chen Saiyong , Xu Hao , Dong Shun , Xiao Lei
Published: February 2022

Oxytocin (OXT) neurons in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) are involved in modulating multiple functions, including social, maternal, feeding, and emotional related behaviors. PVN OXT neurons are canonically classified into magnocellular (Magno) and parvocellular (Parvo) subtypes. However, morpho-electric properties and the diversity of PVN OXT neurons are not well investigated. In this study, we profiled the morpho-electric properties of PVN OXT neurons by combining transgenic mice, electrophysiological recording, morphologic reconstruction, and unsupervised clustering analyses. Total 224 PVN OXT neurons from 23 mice were recorded and used for analyses in this study, and 29 morpho-electric parameters were measured. Magno and Parvo OXT neurons have prominent differences in their morpho-electric features, and PVN OXT neurons in male and female mice share similar neuronal properties. Some morpho-electric features of PVN OXT neurons, especially Magno neurons, exhibit significant diverse changes along the rostral–caudal axis. Furthermore, we find that PVN OXT neurons are classified into at least six subtypes based on their morpho-electric properties via unsupervised clustering. Only one Magno-Parvo mixed subtype in posterior PVN subregion, but not the other five subtypes, showed significant neuronal activity change in different feeding conditions. Our study supports the diversity of PVN OXT neurons and subtle neuron classification will promote excavating the functions of oxytocinergic system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin (OXT) is well known for its function in labor induction, but it also plays multiple roles in social, feeding, and emotional behaviors via modulating different brain regions. Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) OXT neurons are traditionally classified into magnocellular and parvocellular. However, functional and single-cell transcriptomic studies indicate that OXT neurons should be further classified. Here, we thoroughly investigated the morpho-electric properties and spatial distribution of PVN OXT neurons, and find that OXT neurons have at least six subtypes based on their morpho-electric features. Among these six subtypes, only one magnocellular-parvocellular mixed subtype, which are distributed in the posterior PVN subregion, change their activities with different feeding states. Our study uncovers the diversity of PVN OXT neurons and suggests the necessary of subtle neuronal classification.
Pidana Mati Terhadap Koruptor di Indonesia dalam Undang-Undang No 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Utomo Bernadetta Lakshita Pradipta
Published: February 2022

Kejahatan narkoba memiliki daya rusak yang sangat tinggi terhadap bangsa demikian halnya dengan korupsi. Sehingga dua kejahatan itu memungkinkan untuk dihukum mati dan itu dibolehkan. Korupsi merupakan salah satu bentuk perbuatan yang tidak terpuji sama sekali. Selain itu, korupsi juga memperlihatkan citra manusia yang terus-menerus haus akan uang. Berbagai upaya pemberantasan untuk mengatasi korupsi di Indonesia telah dilakukan, namun tidak mampu memberantas kejahatan korupsi, bahkan kecenderungannya semakin hari semakin canggih, baik dari modus operasinya maupun dari jumlah kekayaan negara yang dicuri. Hukuman bagi para koruptor kurang memberikan efek jera sehingga masih ada orang yang melakukannya. Metode yang penulis gunakan adalah kajian kepustakaan yaitu menelaah bahan hukum yang teoritis. Hukuman mati koruptor sudah diatur dalam UU Tipikor, yaitu UU No 31 Tahun 1999. MahkamahKonstitusi berencana untuk memberikan hukuman mati bagi para koruptor. Namun fakta itu ditentang oleh penegak HAM karena belum sesuai dengan UUD 1945 dan Pancasila sila kedua. Korupsi yang ada di pemerintahan dan politik bisa berbentuk sepele bahkan berat, terorganisasi atau tidak. Korupsi benar memudahkan kegiatan kriminal lain layaknya, pencucian uang, prostitusi, penjualan narkotika tetapi korupsi itu sendiri tidak terbatas dalam hal tersebut. Peneliti pun mengambil kesimpulan bahwa secara garis besar UU Tipikor perlu direvisi karena dapat melemahkan penjatuhan pidana mati bagi pelaku tindakpidana korupsi. Kembali ke sifat konstitusi sendiri yang fleksibel sehingga dapat diubah sesuai dengan kondisi perkembangan zaman. UU Tipikor tidak ada artinya jika diterapkan pada saat korupsi sudah menjadi budaya dan penyakit di Indonesia dan sulit sekali untuk memberikan efek jera bagi para koruptor.
Eksistensi Dalam Pembaruan Hukum Acara Perdata Di Indonesia
Authors: Maulindayani Maulindayani
Published: February 2022

Hukum acara perdata merupakan hukum yang dipakai oleh orang Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan perkara perdatanya, dimana setiap perkara yang berkaitan dengan hukum perdata akan di sidang berdasarkan peraturan yang telah tertuang dalam Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata serta dalam HIR dan RBg. Sampai saat ini Indonesia masih memakai peraturan yang ditinggalkan oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda meskipun Indonesia telah lama merdeka, tapi belum juga di perbarui oleh warga Negara Indonesia. Sudah banyak upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengubah peraturan hukum perdata, tapi sampai sekarang masih belum ada rancangan Undang-Undang yang disahkan untuk menggantikan hukum perdata dari peninggalan pemerintahan Hindia Belanda. Dalam hal untuk memperbarui hukum acara perdata kita harus meninjau dari segi filosofis, yuridis, dan sosiologis.
Pembaharuan Sistem KUPVA BB Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencuci Uang
Authors: Jaya Alvian Dwiangga , Nurifanti Ersya Dwi
Published: February 2022

Pertumbuhan perekonomian, pariwisata dan infrastruktur Indonesia yang masif menyebabkan banyaknya wisatawan asing berkunjung ke Indonesia, hal ini menimbulka suatu kebutuhan untuk disediakannya fasilitas penukaran valuta asing atau money changer. Namun, pada implementasinya money changer ternyata menjadi sarana Tindak Kejahatan Pencucian Uang. Dalam hal ini pemerintah sebenarnya telah menjerat pelaku TPPU tersebut dalam Pasal 3 UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Namun, masih ditemukan banyak kelemahan dalam sistem pengawasan dan penerapan sistem anti money laundering dalam mekanisme transaksi money changer tersebut.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab problematika money changer saat ini dengan mengkaji BSPI 2025 terhadap pemberantasan TPPU yang terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif  dengan menganalisis aspek hukum dan melakukan penelusuran bahan kepustakaan. Penegakan hukum dan pengawasan yang ada saat ini  belum mampu menjawab persoalan KUPVA BB dalam TPPU baik secara preventif maupun represif karena masih tingginya angka TPPU dalam KUPVA BB saat ini. BSPI 2025 hadir sebagai solusi untuk menjawab tantangan di era digital khususnya dalam hal ini adalah untuk penanganan masalah KUPVA BB. Kelemahan dalam sistem KUPVA BB sebelum adanya SPI 2025 ini adalah mekanisme transaksi dan pengawasan pemerintah. BI melalui BSPI 2025, akan membentuk sistem yang  memuat struktur, pendelegasian pengaturan, dan pembaharuan mekanisme transaksi, hal ini dapat dinilai efektif dalam menangani KUPVA BB dalam TPPU.
Perlindungan Hukum Pada Perempuan Korban Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Indonesia
Authors: Mestika Hana Fairuz
Published: February 2022

Kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan di Indonesia cukup mengkhawatirkan. Banyak kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan terjadi di lingkungan domestik (rumah tangga). Padahal, ada banyak aturan hukum yang mengatur mengenai perlindungan hak-hak perempuan namun implementasinya di lapangan masih menemui banyak tantangan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kriminologi dan viktimologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum pada perempuan korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai aturan hukum sebagai analisis data.
Formulasi Yuridis Terhadap Urgensi Perancangan Kebijakan Pajak Karbon Sebagai Pendorong Transisi Energi Baru Terbarukan Berdasarkan Pancasila
Authors: Harris Rahadyan Fajar , Ramadhan Muhammad Fariz Adhyaksa
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Mitigasi perubahan iklim setelah pandemi Covid-19 telah menjadi masalah global yang vital. Salah satu alasannya adalah sektor industri yang terus tumbuh pasca perlambatan ekonomi selama pandemi dan menjadi ancaman besar bagi lingkungan. Menanggapi memburuknya perubahan iklim, "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" (UNFCCC) telah merumuskan kebijakan untuk memitigasi perubahan iklim dengan mengurangi emisi karbon. Sebagai anggota, Indonesia telah menyatakan komitmennya untuk mengurangi emisi karbon sebesar 29% hingga 41% pada tahun 2030 melalui kerja sama internasional yang dituangkan dalam Perjanjian Paris. Mengikuti komitmen internasional tersebut, Indonesia harus merancang kebijakan pajak karbon yang efektif mengurangi emisi karbon. Selain itu, pajak karbon dapat menjadi langkah awal dalam pelaksanaan transisi energi fosil ke energi baru dan terbarukan. Namun faktanya, akibat kenaikan biaya produksi, penerapan pajak karbon disinyalir menyebabkan kenaikan harga, yang berujung pada penurunan tenaga kerja dan peningkatan pengangguran. Selain itu, daya beli masyarakat juga akan melemah. Sehingga berdampak besar pada tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun rencana pajak karbon yang akan mengurangi emisi karbon dengan tetap menitikberatkan pada kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif untuk melakukan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan pajak karbon harus sejalan dengan nilai Pancasila, agar kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat sejalan dengan komitmen pemerintah.

Kata Kunci: Emisi Karbon, Energi Baru Terbarukan; Kesejahteraan Masyarakat; Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim; Transisi Energi.
Autoimmune disease and interconnections with vitamin D
Authors: Fletcher Jane , Bishop Emma L , Harrison Stephanie R , Swift Amelia , Cooper Sheldon C , Dimeloe Sarah K , Raza Karim , Hewison Martin
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D has well-documented effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism but recent studies suggest a much broader role for this secosteroid in human health. Key components of the vitamin D system, notably the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the vitamin D-activating enzyme (1α-hydroxylase), are present in a wide array of tissues, notably macrophages, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (T cells) from the immune system. Thus, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) can be converted to hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) within immune cells, and then interact with VDR and promote transcriptional and epigenomic responses in the same or neighbouring cells. These intracrine and paracrine effects of 1,25D have been shown to drive antibacterial or antiviral innate responses, as well as to attenuate inflammatory T cell adaptive immunity. Beyond these mechanistic observations, association studies have reported the correlation between low serum 25D levels and the risk and severity of human immune disorders including autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The proposed explanation for this is that decreased availability of 25D compromises immune cell synthesis of 1,25D leading to impaired innate immunity and over-exuberant inflammatory adaptive immunity. The aim of the current review is to explore the mechanistic basis for immunomodulatory effects of 25D and 1,25D in greater detail with specific emphasis on how vitamin D-deficiency (low serum levels of 25D) may lead to dysregulation of macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell function and increase the risk of inflammatory autoimmune disease.
Capabilities and Restrictions of Software Model Checkers
Authors: Novikov E. M.
Published: February 2022

Software model checkers enable automatic detection of violations of specified requirements in programs as well as formal proof of correctness under certain assumptions. These tools actively evolve two last decades. They were already successfully applied to a bunch of industrial projects, first of all to kernels and drivers of various operating systems. This paper considers an interface of software model checkers, their unique capabilities as well as restrictions that prevent their large-scale usage on practice.
Runtime Verification of Operating Systems Based on Abstract Models
Authors: Efremov Denis Valentinovich , Kopach Viktoria Vladimirovna , Kornykhin Eugeny Valerievich , Kuliamin Viktor Vyacheslavovich , Petrenko Alexander Konstantinovich , Khoroshilov Alexey Vladimirovich , Shchepetkov Ilya Viktorovich
Published: February 2022

High complexity of a modern operating system (OS) requires to use complex models and high-level specification languages to describe even separated aspects of OS functionality, e.g., security functions. Use of such models in conformance verification of modeled OS needs to establish rather complex relation between elements of OS implementation and elements of the model. In this paper we present a method to establish and support such a relation, which can be effectively used in testing and runtime verification/monitoring of OS. The method described was used successfully in testing and monitoring of Linux OS core components on conformance to Event-B models.
Patrones de aprendizaje del profesorado colombiano en formación
Authors: Hederich-Martínez Christian , Camargo-Uribe Angela , Hernández-Valbuena Carolina
Published: February 2022

A fin de comprender el cambio de los patrones de aprendizaje de maestros en formación a lo largo de la carrera, 1.016 estudiantes de una universidad pedagógica de Bogotá, Colombia, respondieron al Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje (ILS). La muestra estaba dividida según el momento de la carrera: inicio, intermedio y final. Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados sobre los factores obtenidos en un análisis de componentes principales. Los resultados indican cuatro patrones: uno orientado al significado y aplicación del conocimiento, uno dirigido a su acumulación, otro no dirigido y un patrón “inactivo”, con bajas respuestas en todas las escalas. La proporción de estudiantes por patrón cambia entre los primeros y últimos semestres, ganando progresivamente mayor prevalencia la orientación hacia el significado.
EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON MICROFLUIDIC SEPARATION
Authors: Dao Kien Duy , Don Nguyen Xuan
Published: February 2022

the molecular weight effects the diffusion of molecules in the interface of laminar flow form in a microfluidic channel. Two mixtures of PS with anisole and PEG were used to evaluate the molecular weight effect on the microfluidic separation. Also, the separation of a low molecular weight substance of anisole from the mixture with a high molecular weight substance of PS is proved experimentally. However, the separation of PEG from the mixture with PS remained difficulty. More information about diffusion in microfluidic channel and can be applied to polymer science and separation fields.
Cleavage-defective Topoisomerase I mutants sharply increase G-quadruplex-associated genomic instability
Authors: Berroyer Alexandra , Bacolla Albino , Tainer John A. , Kim Nayun
Published: February 2022

Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) removes transcription-associated helical stress to suppress G4-formation and its induced recombination at genomic loci containing guanine-run containing sequences. Interestingly, Top1 binds tightly to G4 structures, and its inhibition or depletion can cause elevated instability at these genomic loci. Top1 is targeted by the widely used anti-cancer chemotherapeutic camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, which stabilize Top1 covalently attached on a DNA nick and prevent the re-ligation step. Here we investigated how CPT-resistance conferring Top1 mutants, which emerge in cancer patients and cells treated with CPT, affect G4-induced genomic instability in S. cerevisiae. We found that Top1 mutants form stable complexes with G4 DNA and that expression of Top1 cleavage-defective mutants but not a DNA-binding-defective mutant lead to significantly elevated instability at a G4-forming genomic locus. Elevated recombination rates were partly suppressed by their proteolytic removal by SPRTN homolog Wss1 SUMO-dependent metalloprotease in vivo. Furthermore, interaction between G4-DNA binding protein Nsr1, a homolog to clinically-relevant human nucleolin, and Top1 mutants lead to a synergistic increase in G4-associated recombination. These results in the yeast system are strengthened by our cancer genome data analyses showing that functionally detrimental mutations in Top1 correlate with an enrichment of mutations at G4 motifs. Our collective experimental and computational findings point to cooperative binding of Top1 cleavage-defective mutants and Nsr1 as promoting DNA replication blockage and exacerbating genomic instability at G4-motifs, thus complicating patient treatment.
COVID-19 and Adult Education – a Path to Transformation of Regions in Latvia
Authors: Jekabsone Inga
Published: February 2022

This research examines the consequences of COVID-19 on the adult education sector in Latvia in the context of regional restructuring. A survey of adult education institutions of Latvia (N = 60) was used as the main research method. Main findings of the research: in the pandemic context, the main challenges in the adult sector are related to the lack of digital skills, technological issues, and transformation of the content of the subject to distance learning.
Virtual Chemistry Laboratory in Blended Online Learning Mode: The Influence on Students’ Motivation and Achievement
Authors: Ikhsan Jaslin , Fitriyana Nur , Arif Zulham
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to seek the influence of ViChem-Lab in blended online learning mode towards students’ motivation and achievement in chemistry. A quasi-experiment with prie and post-test non-equivalent control group design was implemented. The findings illustrate that the use of ViChem-Lab in blended online learning gives the strongest influence on self-efficacy, curiosity, attention, and satisfaction, respectively, as part of students’ motivation. It implied the rise of students’ achievement.