bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Dr DARSHANA MAKWANA  , Dr JIGNESH TANK  , Dr DEEPAK KUMAR
Published: May 2024

Metabolic syndrome (Syndrome X/Insulin resistance syndrome) consistsof central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,hyperglycemia and hypertension as its major features. All of them can be influenced by thefunctioning of a 20 g endocrine organ, the thyroid gland. Aims and objectives: To studythe proposed association between metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. Materialand methods: Hundred subjects aged more than 18 years, willing to participate in the studyand fulfilling criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment PanelIII (NCEP-ATP III) for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were included. Detailed clinicalexamination and laboratory investigations of all subjects were done. Risk factors wereidentified and analyzed by comparing the subjects with and without thyroid dysfunction.Results: Eighty-one out of 100 subjects with metabolic syndrome belonged to the age groupbetween 41 and 70 years. Females comprised 60% of the total patient population with sedentarylifestyle as the major risk factor, whereas males comprising rest of the 40% had addictivebehaviors as major risk factors. Observation of individual parameters under NCEP-ATP IIIshowed that 57 patients fulfilled all 5 criteria, 34 patients fulfilled 4 and 9 patients fulfilled3 criteria. Obesity and dyslipidemia were common among female subjects, whereas impairedglucose tolerance and hypertension were common among males. Thyroid dysfunction inthe form of hypothyroidism was present in 30 subjects with females (23 patients) being thestatistically significant population (p < 0.0001). Hypothyroidism was of subclinical type in21 of these 30 subjects. None had hyperthyroidism. Left ventricular ejection fraction (mean± SD) was lowered to 42.67 ± 6.53 from 49.07 ± 7.48 in presence of thyroid dysfunction inthese subjects with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome andhypothyroidism (even subclinical) are both individual as well as combined risk factors fordevelopment of atherogenic dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease withelderly females comprising the high risk group.
A STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF SECONDARY STUDENTS IN RELATION TO GENDER AND LOCALITY
Authors: Prachurjya Borah  , Dr. Nisanth PM
Published: May 2024

Well-being refers to a state of being in which an individual experiences a sense of satisfaction, happiness, and fulfilment in various aspects of their life. Psychological Well-being is of utmost importance as it directly impacts our quality of life and overall happiness. When we prioritize our well-being, we are more likely to have better physical health, improved mental and emotional resilience, and stronger relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of Psychological Well-being among secondary students. It also aims to investigate secondary student’s Psychological Well-being in relation to their gender and locality. Descriptive Survey Method was used in the study. The sample of the study was comprised of 215 secondary student’s selected using random sampling technique. For collection of the data researcher used Psychological Well-being scale by Carol Ryff (1995). For analysis of the data both inferential and descriptive statistics were used. Findings of the study reveals that majority of the secondary student’s exhibits average level of Psychological Well-being. It also reveals that there is difference in Psychological Well-being of secondary students in relation to their gender.
The Effectiveness of a Psychoeducation Program based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Developing Emotional Regulation Skills and improving Psychological Adjustment among University Students in Jeddah
Authors: Alobudi Waheedah , Al-Rifai Sabah , AlKhalaf Arwa
Published: May 2024

The current study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a psycho-education program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy in developing emotional regulation skills and improving psychological adjustment among a sample of female students at King Abdulaziz University. To achieve this objective, a quasi-experimental approach was implemented with a control and experimental groups. The study sample consisted of (14) female students from specializing in Bachelor of Psychology, as well as Master’s and Doctorate in Educational Guidance and Counseling. The quasi-experiment first consisted of distributing the members of the study sample into two groups. The experimental group of (7) female students, on whom a psycho-education program based on the theory of cognitive behavioral therapy was applied for (6) weeks, with two sessions per week. Second, a control group consisted of (7) female students, to whom the program was not applied. To study the effectiveness of the program, the performance of members of the experimental and control groups was measured on the emotional regulation scale and the psychological adjustment scale before and after the counseling intervention. The results of the current study showed that there was no effect of the counseling program in the post-measurement on the emotional regulation scale and the psychological adjustment scale, while it showed that there was an effect of the counseling program in the follow-up measurement on the emotional regulation scale.
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Infra-Diaphragmatic Craniopharyngiomas: Impact of Diaphragm Sellae Competence on Hypothalamic Injury
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, Gong Xuan , Chen Zhou , Yang Kui , Li Chuntao , Feng Songshan , Zhang Mingyu , Liu Zhixiong , Zhou Hongshu , Li Zhenyan
Published: May 2024

Objective: Investigate the impact of diaphragm sellae competence on surgical outcomes and risk factors for postoperative hypothalamic injury (HI) in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for infra-diaphragmatic craniopharyngiomas (ICs). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 54 consecutive patients (2016-2023) with ICs treated by ETS was conducted. All tumors originated from the sellar region inferior to the diaphragm sellae and were classified into two subtypes in terms of diaphragm sellae competence: IC with competent diaphragm sellae (IC-CDS) and IC with incompetent diaphragm sellae (IC-IDS). Clinical features, intraoperative findings, and follow-up data were compared between subtypes. Postoperative HI was assessed using a magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system. Results: Fifty-four patients (29 males, 25 females) were included in this study, with 12 (22.2%) under 18 years old. Overall, 35 cases were IC-CDS, while 19 were IC-IDS. Compared with IC-CDS, patients with IC-IDS tended to have hormone hypofunction before surgery (p = 0.03). Tumor volume in IC-IDS group (9.0 ± 8.6 cm3) was also higher than that in IC-CDS group (3.3 ±3.4 cm, p = 0.011). Thirty-seven patients underwent standard endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (SEA) and 17 underwent an extended endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (EEA). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 50 cases (92.6%). Postoperative CSF leak was observed in four patients (7.4%). Permanent diabetes insipidus (DI) occurred in 13 patients (27.7%), six in IC-CDS and seven in IC-IDS. Postoperative HI occurred in 38.9% of patients. Univariate analysis revealed that large tumor size (p = 0.014), prior hypopituitarism (p = 0.048) and IC-IDS (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with postoperative HI. Multivariate analysis revealed that IC- IDS was the sole predictor of postoperative HI. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the largest case series in the literature to describe IC resected by endoscopic surgery in a single institution. Classification based on diaphragm sellae competence highlights distinct clinical features and surgical outcomes between IC-CDS and IC-IDS subtypes. Notably, IC-IDS is an independent risk factor for postoperative HI. Preoperative identification of subtype can guide surgical strategy and potentially minimize complications.
Non-target Organisms Captured in the Sex Pheromone Traps of Yellow Stem Borer of Rice
Authors: Nayak A. , Behera K. S.
Published: May 2024

Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) the yellow stem borer (YSB) is an important pest of rice. Besides, chemical control female sex pheromone traps are used to monitor YSB population and mating disruption. A study was undertaken to enumerate non-target organisms in the traps. Traps with sex pheromone lure and traps without any lure were fixed in the farmers’ fields and samples were examined for different organisms. A maximum of 21 species of organisms including three unidentified lepidopterans were collected from the traps where no lure was available where as 46 species of organisms including 5 species of unidentified Lepidoptera were recovered from the traps with lure. Spiders appeared in almost equal numbers in both baited and control traps. Natural enemies of different rice pests were also trapped.
Sobre la fenomenología en los escritos póstumos de la historia del ser
Authors: Gómez Algarra César
Published: May 2024

Este artículo intenta reconstruir el lugar y el sentido que asume la fenomenología en el conjunto de textos privados que Heidegger escribió en los años 1930 y 1940: los tratados, los Cuadernos negros y sus notas de trabajo. Primero, expondremos la crítica heideggeriana a la fenomenología, para luego analizar en una segunda sección en qué medida la historia del ser reactualiza varios de sus conceptos fundamentales. Finalmente, concluiremos con una reflexión abierta sobre la posible actualidad de la historia del ser para repensar la fenomenología contemporánea.
THE EFFECT OF THE APPLICATION OF LOGIC GATE LEARNING MEDIA IT-BASED TO IMPROVE MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES STUDENTS
Authors: Yanie Ahmad , Junaidi
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the application of learning media IT-based logic gates to improve student motivation and learning outcomes. This research is in the form of quantitative research. Sample used one class, taken using a sampling technique saturated with classes Before the treatment (pretest) taught by conventional methods / lectures and classes after treatment (posttest) is taught with IT-based logic gate learning media, namely Macromedia Flash. Data collection techniques using test methods and methods documentation for student learning outcomes data. Data analysis techniques using t-tests. The test criterion is if the questionnaire score filled is greater than the mean, then the student This is included in the criteria for motivation and vice versa, if the questionnaire value smaller than the mean, the student is included in the criteria unmotivated. From the results of the analysis, there were 15 students and 2 students who unmotivated. This hypothesis test is carried out using a t-test against the result value learn before treatment (pretest) and after treatment (posttest) with using a t-test with a significant level of 5%. The test criteria are as follows: H0 Accepted / H1 rejected if tcount< ttable and H0 rejected / H1 accepted if tcount > ttable. From the results Analysis of the hypothesis test obtained tcount = 12.33 and t table = 1.746 Because tcount > ttable. By test the hypothesis obtained t count (12.33) > ttable (1.746) then H0 is rejected
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGALAMAN DAN KOMITMEN PROFESIONAL TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS KONSULTAN PAJAK KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Aulia Syahputri , Khairani
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh : (1) pengalaman Konsultan pajak kota Medan terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis, (2) komitmen profesional Konsultan pajak kota Medan terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis, (3) pengalaman dan komitmen profesional Konsultan pajak kota Medan terhadap pengambilan keputusan etis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini populasi penelitian adalah seluruh Konsultan pajak yang terdaftar di IKPI Kota Medan, sedangkan sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Karena jumlah variabel penelitian ini adalah 3 maka sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang Konsultan pajak. Untuk mengukur variabel pengalaman (X1) menggunakan instrumen yang terdiri dari 14 item pernyataan berdasarkan 3 indikator. Sedangkan untuk mengukur variabel komitmen profesional (X2) menggunakan instrumen yang terdiri dari 15 item pernyataan berdasarkan 4 indikator. Untuk mengukur variabel pengambilan keputusan etis (Y), menggunakan instrumen Skala Machiavellian (skala Mach IV) yang terdiri dari 20 item pernyataan berdasarkan 5 indikator. Seluruh instrumen yang digunakan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) terdapat pengaruh antara pengalaman dan keputusan etis, (2) terdapat pengaruh antara komitmen profesional dan keputusan etis, (3) secara simultan terdapat pengaruh antara seluruh variabel.
Socio- Cultural Challenges for Widows: A Case Study in district Lahore, Punjab
Authors: Shafiq Saba , Ullah Saif , Ayub Muhammad
Published: May 2024

This research study focuses on the socio-cultural problems faced by widows in the district of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, and the current causes of their defame helplessness and disdainful status while living in their own community and facing barriers. The stigma around widows played a significant role in their marginalization within society and the community. This limited the widow’s views and caused her to be destitute in life. We used a purposeful sampling method in this qualitative research study. We collected information from the twenty respondents through in-depth interviews. The aim of the in-depth interview is to address the socio-cultural problems posed by widows in Lahore. The respondents’ widows were of lower socio-economic status. The results of the study show that a widow is waiting for a new challenge every day; however, widows do have some opportunities like financial assistance and skill development through government institutions as well as the private sector. They become victims of stereotypical ideas and face many social and cultural problems, such as violence, family indifference, poverty, depression, etc. A widow is fighting for her freedom, but there is no awareness. This study proposed potential strategies to tackle the social and cultural issues faced by widows, including raising media awareness through drama and setting up an economic package system for widows.
Çocuk Merkezli Afet Yönetiminde Pediatri Hemşiresinin Önemi
Authors: Kurt Aylin , Dinç Fatma , Güneş Şan Emine
Published: May 2024

Çocuklar gelişim süreci içerisinde olmaları, sosyal, duygusal, zihinsel ve davranışsal olarak ihtiyaçlarını bağımsız olarak karşılayamamaları nedeniyle afetlerin etkilerine karşı daha hassas gruptadır. Afetlerin çocuklar üzerindeki hem kısa hem de uzun vadeli etkileri, psikolojik işlevlerde, duygusal uyumda, sağlıkta ve gelişimsel durumda bazı sorunları içerebilmektedir. Afet yönetiminde yer alan tüm personelin, afet yönetimi programlarını çocukların ihtiyaçlarını kapsayacak ve esas olarak onların savunmasız kaldığı durumları azaltacak şekilde tasarlaması gerekmektedir. Burada en önemli görev pediatri hemşirelerine düşebilmektedir. Pediatri hemşirelerinin afete hazırlıktaki merkezi rolü, çocukları ve aileleri etkileyen afetlerde rehberlik ve bakım sağlamasıdır. Pediatri hemşireleri, afet durumlarında çocuklar için en iyi koşulların oluşturulmasında liderlik, uygulama, savunuculuk, eğitim ve araştırma rolleriyle saha aktif rol almalıdır.
Currículo e Educação Inclusiva: Uma Abordagem Interdisciplinar
Authors: Silva Clétia Akila da
Published: May 2024

O conceito transdisciplinar na educação inclusiva é abordado neste texto, destacando sua busca pela integração de diversas perspectivas teóricas e práticas visando uma aprendizagem equitativa para todos os alunos. Autores como Vygotsky, Sassaki, Libâneo, Freire e Montoan contribuem para essa discussão, ressaltando a importância da interação social, adaptação do currículo, democratização das práticas educacionais e consciência crítica na promoção da inclusão e diversidade. O texto também enfatiza a relevância da formação docente, especialmente na utilização de tecnologias assistivas, e destaca os projetos pedagógicos inclusivos com tecnologia como avanços significativos na promoção da acessibilidade e igualdade de oportunidades na educação, alinhados aos princípios da pedagogia progressista e das teorias de Vygotsky sobre aprendizagem e desenvolvimento cognitivo.
What Sample Size do I Need?
Authors:   Statistical Services Centre
Published: May 2024

The 'What sample size do I need? with R' seminar is a self-paced workshop presented by the Statistical Services Centre Ltd, aimed at equipping researchers with the knowledge and skills to determine the appropriate sample size for their studies using RStudio. The seminar covers a range of topics including the principles of sample size determination, its impact on research validity, and practical application in real-world research scenarios, with an official Instats certificate of completion provided at the end.
Comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Negative Automatic Thoughts and Negative Affect in Depressed Women
Authors: Barzegari Khanagha Houriyeh
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on negative automatic thoughts and negative affect in depressed women. Methods: The design of this study was applied and quasi-experimental, featuring pre-test and post-test stages with two experimental groups and one control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all women diagnosed with depression who visited a private counseling center in Tehran in 2023. A convenience sample of 30 participants was randomly assigned equally to the two experimental groups and one control group. The Watson and Tellegen (1985) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Hollon and Kendall (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, applying three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Findings: Results indicate significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for both therapies in terms of negative affect and negative automatic thoughts (p < .01), demonstrating the significant efficacy of both treatment modalities. No significant differences were found between post-test and follow-up scores (p > .05). Analysis using the Bonferroni test shows no significant difference in the efficacy of the two approaches on problem-solving components (p > .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are effective in reducing negative affect and negative automatic thoughts in depressed women, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal the mechanisms of action of Panax notoginseng against post-COVID-19 thromboembolism
Authors:   Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China, Yuan Shouli , Obaidi Ismael ,   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Zhang Tao ,   School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin, Ireland, Pigott Maria ,   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Jiang Shibo ,   Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Sheridan Helen ,   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Liu Junying ,   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Published: May 2024

Panax notoginseng (PNGS) is a potent folk therapy for blood-related diseases. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of its pharmacological activities and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating thromboembolism (TE) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed at analysing the molecular mechanisms of PNGS and at clarifying their potential role in treating TE induced by COVID-19, by employing network pharmacology and molecular docking. To this end, a network pharmacological ap¬proach was combined with expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing of GSE156701 so as to elucidate the compound constituents of PNGS for treating TE caused by SARS-CoV-2 at a systemic level. Protein-protein interac¬tion network, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were employed in order to decipher the associated drug-target interactions. The integration of these results suggested that five targets, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the coagulation factor III (F3), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1), represent major genes involved in thromboembolism. The data suggest that PNGS exerts collective therapeutic effects against TE caused by SARS-CoV-2, and provides a theoretical basis for further laboratory study of the active drug-like ingredients and the potential mechanisms of PNGS in TE treatment.
Study of some immunological indicators for COVID-19 patients in Babylon city
Authors:   Medical Laboratory Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq, Obed Ameer Najy , Hamza Thulfeqar A. ,   Medical Laboratory Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq, Al Sa’ady Amal Talib ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 has been a global challenge caused by a coronavirus that infects the respiratory system and poses a high risk to life. This study dealt with some immunological indicators associated with this disease. A total of 150 samples was collected from COVID-19 patients (120 samples) and non-infected individuals (30 samples; control group) who were admitted to the Marjan Medical City Hospital in Al-Hilla, Babylon, Iraq for the period from March 1 to August 30, 2022. Of these participants, 65% were men and 35% were women, with ages ranging from 16 to 75 years. The samples were collected under the supervision of specialized doctors, according to the approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Health protocols. The parameters examined in this study included the complete blood count, the red blood cell (RBC) count, the packed cell volume, the haemoglobin levels, the platelet count, the white blood cell (WBC) count, and the levels of immunological indicators such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), the tumour necro¬sis factor-alpha (TNF-α), the C-reactive protein (CRP), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Our results indicate a clear increase in the WBC count, the IL-1β levels, IL-17 levels, the TNF-α levels, the CRP levels, the ESR, and the RBC count, as well as a clear decrease in the lymphocyte count, as a result of COVID-19.
Isolation and characterization of a tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid from Crassula ovata
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq, Al-yassery Hawraa Kareem , Kadhim Enas Jawad ,   Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: May 2024

The presence of alkaloids in Crassula ovata is a topic that is still unexplored, as there are no published studies on the matter. This study demonstrates the presence of an alkaloid compound (and its class) for the first time in Crassula ovata. The plant material was defatted with n-hexane, and a Soxhlet apparatus was used for the extraction process, while the acid-base method was used for the isolation of alkaloids from the chloroform fractions. The quaternary alkaloid was precipitated from the aqueous layer spontaneously, in high quantity. By using standard spectroscopic methods (including liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy) we were able to clarify the structure of the precipi¬tated compound as a tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid based on the general fragmentation pattern of this class of alkaloids and the retro-Diels-Alder reaction; a characteristic fragmentation pathway of tetrahydroprotoberberine alka¬loids.
Immunomodulatory effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaves and commercial stevia on rats: a comparative study
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Nayif Eman Mobder , Abass Hashim Abed ,   Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq, Al-Mahdawi Muthanna Abdlkhader Salh ,   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq, Abd Frial Gemeel ,   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Stevia is herbal native to South-America that is renowned for its natural sweet leaves containing stevia glycosides. Our study aimed at examining and comparing the immunomodulatory effects of the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and of commercially-available stevia products in rats. Our experiment involved the preparation of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and the use of market-available stevia obtained from the local-market. Stevia rebaudiana leaf extraction was meticulously performed, and 60 healthy adult male rats were randomly separated into three groups: untreated control, commercial stevia treatment (25 mg/kg), and Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract treatment (25 mg/kg). The rats were orally administered the treatments for 60 days, after which blood samples were collected for analysis. Our results revealed a significant rise in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in rats treated with the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and the commercially-available stevia when compared to the control group. Additionally, immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels exhibited a notable increase in both stevia-treated groups, with the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract-receiving group showing higher IgA levels than the commercially-available stevia-treated one. Our findings suggest that stevia may influence the immune response, particularly the regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the IgA levels. This study contributes valuable insights into stevia’s effects on the immune system.
Impact of residence on the association between benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients
Authors:   Al Safwa University College, Karbala, Iraq, Shakir Al-Jailawi Ali Hussein , Al-Hindy Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Hashim Hayder Obayes ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Globally, breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death, and rising incidence rates are anticipated. Im¬proving illness prevention and treatment strategies requires a better understanding of the interactions occurring be¬tween genetic variables, environmental exposures, and disease pathogenesis. This study investigated the impact of residence on the association between benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. In brief, 58 female breast cancer patients in Babylon, Iraq were recruited as subjects of this cross-sectional study. We gathered clinical information (including residency, age, age at diagnosis, and haematological markers), and by using molecular and biochemical methods, the CYP1B1 polymorphisms and the benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were assessed. Among the different types of breast cancer, there was no apparent association between the residence and CYP1B1 polymorphisms. However, the amounts of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct varied according to where a patient lived, with urban residents showing higher concentrations than rural residents. Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were shown to be correlated with specific polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 gene. Our study highlights the intricate connections between environmental exposures, genetic variables, and place of res¬idency in the aetiology of breast cancer. Variations in quantities of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts imply possible func¬tions for environmental carcinogens, although no substantial correlation was found between genetic polymorphisms and the place of residence.
Novel anticancer mechanisms of JinYingZi-derived oleanolic acid against renal cell carcinoma: an in silico analysis
Authors:   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Obaidi Ismael ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Alzubaidi Fatimah Adnan ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Bash Aymen A. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Fadheel Qayssar Joudah ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Al-Humadi Hussam W. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Liu Junying ,   NatPro Centre for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Published: May 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for 90% of all estimated cases. Advanced RCC often carries poor prognosis due to its high metastases rate, the lack of early-warning signs, as well as its complex clinical manifestations and its resistance to chemotherapy. Ethnopharmacologically, Fructus Rosae laevigata (JinYingZi) has been employed by Chinese medicine to treat various urinary tract and gastrointestinal dis¬orders. This study aimed at performing a series of mechanistic analyses in order to unlock the anticancer potential of JinYingZi-derived bioactive components against RCC. Several network pharmacology tools were employed so as to analyse the drug-disease interactions. Our data revealed that more than 2,214 genes were dysregulated in RCC, whereas the JinYingZi-derived bioactive compounds modulated 347 genes. The intersecting between RCC and the bioactive compounds revealed 132 cross targets. Our results were further validated by conducting molecular docking, which revealed a stable association between oleanolic acid with each of the following targets: androgen receptor (AR), dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), estradiol (ESR1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2). Our approach is being used successfully in order to evaluate a panel of novel medicinal plant-derived bioactive com¬pounds, and may lead to the identification of safe and effective chemical scaffolds that could act as templates for drug discovery or yield potential drug candidates.
Management of pharmaceutical waste in the Babylon Governorate
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Salim Israa N. , Fadhil Zainab A. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Hussein Falah H. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Globally, a massive amount of expired or leftover medications accumulates each year because of pharmaceutical overprescription, combined with overproduction. This pharmaceutical waste poses environmental, economic, and so-cial/ethical challenges. The objective of this study is to understand societal behavior regarding the disposal of medi¬cations in the Babylon Governorate and develop a prototype of a knowledge-based system that promotes proper disposal of pharmaceutical waste. A two-phase cross-sectional study was carried out. The first phase involved inter¬viewing pharmacists, while the second phase targeted the general population. A visit to Aljiumhori Hospital was made in order to assess the pharmaceutical waste disposal methods. The study found that most pharmacists (70%) and people (59.2%) prefer throwing expired medicine in the trash can. Moreover, 64.4% of the people participating in our study believe that placing unused drugs in special containers in each region is the best disposal method. Additionally, 48.2% of households are unaware of the environmental and health consequences of this waste. Pharmaceutical waste disposal in the Babylon Governorate is poorly managed. The absence of processes separating medical waste from general waste and the use of sanitary landfills as the sole method of disposal can pose serious environmental and public health risks. One can only address this issue with proper waste management, staff training, and protocol adherence.
Misuse of antibiotics in Iraq: Babylon Governorate as a model
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Hussein Falah H. , Hassan Halla M. ,   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
Published: May 2024

The efficacy and easy access to antibiotics have led to their overuse, which allows for the development of resistance to them. This study took Babylon Governorate as a model to prove whether the above hypothesis is true or not. We aimed at exploring whether there are any restrictions for dealing with antibiotics by pharmacists in the Babylon Governorate, at identifying the distribution of pharmacies in Hillah, and at estimating the capability of the health au¬thority to control them. A total of 165 pharmacies were visited in an attempt to purchase antibiotics without a prescrip¬tion. Antibiotics were obtained from 164 pharmacies, and one pharmacy apologized because they did not have the antibiotic. Moreover, a survey was randomly distributed to different pharmacies and pharmacists asking them whether they sell antibiotics without prescriptions, and an online questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists and pharmacy students in the Babylon Governorate. The results revealed that the percentage of pharmacies that sell antibiotics without medical prescription is 98%; the remaining 2% belongs to the pharmacies that do not stock these antibiotics. We hypothesize that the main reason for this phenomenon is the chaotic distribution of pharmacies in the Governorate, and the lack of supervision by the authorities. Mapping has revealed a random distribution of pharmacies in Hillah, which is performed in an unscientific manner without taking into account whether these areas need pharmacies or not. Moreover, the lack of supervision by the Government and the health syndicates allows for antibiotics to be largely dispensed in the pharmacies without a medical prescription.
Comparative evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters between a pure nisoldipine suspension and a nisoldipine-loaded bilosome suspension
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq, Naji Ghada Hamid , Al-Gawhari Fatima Jalal
Published: May 2024

Bilosomes are nanocarriers that contain bile salts in their vesicular bilayer, thereby enhancing their flexibility and durability in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike conventional vesicular systems they provide distinct advantages such as streamlined manufacturing procedures, cost efficiency, and improved stability. The main objective of this study was to attain a comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of nisoldipine (NSD) after administering an ordinary NSD suspension and an NSD-loaded bilosome suspension. The study used 60 Swiss albino rats weighing 200±15 g and divided into two groups (n=30 each). A dose of 2.2 mg/kg of NSD was administered from the ordinary NSD suspension to the rats of the first group and the same dose of NSD-loaded bilosome suspension was administered to the rats of the second group. NSD levels were determined in the rat plasma by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that the Cmax, the Tmax, and the AUC0-36 were 51.47±0.94 ng/mL, 2±0.3 h, and 323.33±21 ng×h/mL for the pure suspension, and 116.41±1.22 ng/mL, 4±0.7 h, and 916±64.09 ng×h/mL for the bilosome suspension, respectively. The maximum concentration was significantly different between the pure and the bilosomal preparation (P<0.05), while the relative bioavailability of the pure suspension was 2.9 times that of the bilosomal suspension, 36 h after a single-dose NSD administration. In conclusion, the prepared bilosomal suspension enhanced the bioavaila¬bility of NSD, and could be considered as a vital delivery system.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN JEMBER DALAM MENANGANI STUNTING DENGAN PERSPEKTIF PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS
Authors: Alfira Bilqis Indira Putri  , Shellen Amabel Okdiyanti
Published: May 2024

Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan gizi yang sangat serius dan perlu penanganan yang efektif, permasalahan gizi ini terjadi di seluruh dunia khususnya pada negara-negara dengan perekonomian yang rendah dan pendapatan dibawah rata-rata. Stunting adalah kondisi gangguan pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak akibat kekurangan gizi, kekurangan gizi dapat terjadi sejak dalam kandungan dan pada masa awal setelah lahir serta kondisi ini ditandai dengan tinggi badan anak dibawah standar seusianya. Kasus stunting di Dunia yang terjadi pada anak dibawah umur 5 tahun mencapai 22% setara 149 juta balita di seluruh dunia dan sebanyak 6,3 juta balita dari Indonesia mengalami stunting. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk memberikan informasi tambahan mengenai kebijakan pemerintah dalam menangani kasus stunting yang terjadi di Indonesia terutama di Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur. Fokus penelitian ini adalah melihat bagaimana upaya pemerintah dalam menangani kasus stunting yang melambung tinggi di Kabupaten Jember. Metode dalam penelitian menggunakan studi literatur.
DEIKSIS PERSONA BAHASA LAMAHOLOT DIALEK LAMAHOLOT TENGAH
Authors: Swalar Thomas Krispianus
Published: May 2024

Indonesian people in their daily interactions generally use regional languages, while Indonesian is used by a small portion of the population. Each regional language is used by the community according to its function. The most important function is as a means of communication between members of the community. In Indonesia, the government is obliged to protect, maintain and preserve every regional language because the regional languages ​​in Indonesia have their own uniqueness which lies not only in their language structure but also in the cultural values ​​behind that structure. This uniqueness is a cultural wealth that is maintained as an effective potential for the development of regional languages ​​which leads to the development of national culture. The aim of this research is to examine the forms of BL Deixis of the Central Lamaholot Dialect and to examine and explain the use of BL Persona Deixis of the Central Lamaholot Dialect
Kontribusi Keseimbangan dan Koordinasi Mata Kaki Terhadap Sepak Sila dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw pada Atlet Kota Sungai Penuh
Authors: Gustira Idial , Bahar Cundra , Putra Roki
Published: May 2024

The problem addressed in this research is the low proficiency in the sepak sila skills among athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of balance and eye-foot coordination to sepak sila takraw performance among athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. The research design employed in this study is correlational genfa. The sample size for this research consisted of 16 individuals. The research instruments used included balance tests, eye-foot coordination tests, and sepak sila tests. The data analysis technique utilized correlation tests and calculation of contribution values.
The findings of the research lead to the following conclusions: (1) There is a 90% contribution of balance to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. (2) There is a 91% contribution of eye-foot coordination to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023. (3) There is a 96% contribution of both balance and eye-foot coordination to sepak sila performance among sepak takraw athletes in the city of Sungai Penuh in the year 2023.
KOMUNIKASI MODEL LASSWELL DAN STIMULUS-ORGANISM-RESPONSE DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBELAJARAN MENYENANGKAN KELAS 3 SD
Authors: Yasmin Aisyah Faradhilah , Priyanata Arif Bagus
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar permasalahan dalam komunikasi pendidikan. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas 3 SD. Objek penelitian ini adalah kemampuan komunikasi dalam mewujudkan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dengan menggunakan model komunikasi lasswell dan stimulus-organism-response (SOR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi yang diterapkan pada kelas 3 SD. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi memiliki peran penitng bagi kemajuan pendidikan. Komunikasi yang telah dirancang secara sistematis sehingga siswa mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan menyenangkan dan mempengaruhi aspek kognitif dan aspek afektif dalam proses pembelajaran tercapai
Antioxidative, Antimicrobial Activity and HPLC Analysis of Ornithogalum pyrenaicum
Authors: Aliyazicioglu Rezzan , Kanbolat Şeyda , Badem Merve , Sener Sila Ozlem , Korkmaz Nuriye , Ozgen Ufuk , Alpay Karaoglu Sengul
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to specify the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phenolic contents of Ornithogalum pyrenaicum.
Methods: The antioxidant capacity of O. pyrenaicum was determined by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and ferric reduction antioxidant power by FRAP method. The total phenolic content (TPC) was of the samples was determined using spectrophotometric method. The phenolic contents the samples were analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was researched on 9 microorganism by agar diffusion method.
Results: As a result of the study, high phenolic contents and strong antioxidant capacitiy were observed. Phenolic compounds were detected as p-coumaric acid and benzoic acid.  Additionally, it was determined that O. pyrenacium had considerable antimicrobial activity on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Conclusion: In conclusion, O. pyrenaicum extract could be evaluated in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and phenolic compounds.
Effects of High-Dose Whey Protein Concentrate Intake on Hepatorenal and Intestinal Tissues
Authors: Sivas Guzin Goksun , Tufan Elif , Yilmaz Karaoglu Sumeyye , Gurel Gokmen Begum , Dursun Ercan , Ozbeyli Dilek , Sener Goksel , Tunali-Akbay Tugba
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study aims to compare the antioxidant effects of high doses of whey protein (WP) concentrate intake on liver, kidney, and intestinal tissues.
Methods: 18 rats were divided into three groups control (n=6), control+ 8 g/kg WP (n=6), and control + 2 g/kg WP (n=6).  8 g/kg WP group was fed with whey protein added rat chow. 2 g/kg WP group, addition to their standard ad libitum feed, received the whey protein concentrate by oral gavage. On day 10, liver, kidney and intestinal tissues were removed. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S- transferase activities were determined in liver, kidney and intestine tissues.
Results: While lipid peroxidation did not change in all groups, glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities increased in whey protein-administered groups. Liver glutathione level was higher in the 2 g/kg WP compared to the 8 g/kg WP group. There were no significant differences in intestinal glutathione levels between the groups. Kidney GST activity decreased in the kidney and intestine tissues of the 8 g/kg WP group compared to the 2 g/kg WP group. SOD activity was higher in all tissues in the 2 g/kg WP group compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: As a result, both whey protein treatments showed different antioxidant effects in the tissues examined. High-dose whey protein application showed lower antioxidant capacity compared to the optimal whey protein dose.
Examining 21st century teaching competencies: A study of public elementary school teachers in Patikul West District, MBHTE-Sulu
Authors: Amdad Adalina , Asiri Masnona
Published: May 2024

This quantitative study aims to evaluate and assess the 21st-century teaching competencies of public elementary school teachers in the Patikul West District under the Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education (Sulu). Utilizing a purposive sample technique and a descriptive-survey approach, 100 instructors were selected for evaluation. Statistical analysis procedures, including Pearson's r, one-way ANOVA, t-test for independent samples, weighted mean, and standard deviation, were employed to assess the data. The findings revealed strong competence among teacher-respondents in essential domains such as life and career skills, reflecting a robust dedication to professional growth. However, the need for additional support and training in the information, media, and technology skills domain highlights an area that requires improvement. Notably, the study found that the demographic profile of teachers did not affect their proficiency in 21st-century teaching skills. Overall, the findings underscored the teachers' concerted efforts to integrate these skills into their pedagogical practices, which are essential for preparing students to navigate the challenges of the 21st century. Additionally, fostering a culture of collaboration and sharing best practices among educators can further enhance the integration of 21st-century skills in the classroom. Ultimately, it is crucial for teachers to stay current and adaptable in their teaching practices to meet the evolving needs of students in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.
Heterogeneous correlations and estimates of required sample size in factor analysis
Authors: Baggaley Andrew R.
Published: May 2024

Factor matrices with various patterns of loadings were constructed to study the effect of heterogeneous correlations on estimates of the minimal number of subjects in factor analysis. The tabled values of appropriate ratios of number of subjects to number of variables presented in a previous article were shown to furnish rather accurate estimates over the range of factorial patterns studied.
Application of factor analysis in psychological research: Improvement of simple structure by computer-assisted graphic oblique transformation: A brief note
Authors: Boyle Gregory J , Stanley Gordon
Published: May 2024

Several studies have suggested the efficacy of topological rotation as an adjunct to oblique analytical rotation in attaining improved approximation to maximum simple structure of the factor pattern matrix. Recently, using a higher-order scale factoring of the motivation Analysis Test (MAT), and the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), Boyle (1983) reported a 6.17% increase in the .10 hyperplane count after only 5 Rotoplot cycles. Four of the 11 extracted factors were simplified. The present brief note examines the issue of topological rotation in regard to its usefulness and ease of application by investigators untrained in the procedure.