bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phythochemical screening, antioxydant and antiplasmodial activities of extracts from Trichilia roka and Sapium ellipticum
Authors:   National Advanced School of AgroIndustrial Sciences, P. O. Box 455 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Nana O. , Momeni J. ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Tepongning R. Nzangué ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon, Ngassoum M. B. ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, P. O. Box 454 Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Published: March 2022

Antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of extracts derived from Trichilia roka (Chiov) root bark and Sapium ellipticum (Hochst) Pax root bark were determined respectively in vivo by Peters et al. methods and by DPPH radical-scavenging and β-carotene-linoleate model systems. Of those extracts, the two methanolic extracts revealed a good antioxidant and the antiplasmodial activities. The T. roka methanolic extract was more effective than S. ellipticum extract concerning antiplasmodial activity and the S. ellipticum extract, the most promising one concerning antioxidant activity with IC50 42.18 μg/ml better than BHT value IC50 83.36 μg/ml taking as control. The high activities of these two plant extracts suggest that they are good source of natural antioxidant and may contain new compounds with lead structures for drug development against malaria.
Self- medication practice among engineering students in a engineering college in north India
Authors:   3rd Year Resident, Department of Pharmacology, NIMS Medical College, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India, Parakh Rahul , Sharma Neha ,   2nd Year Resident, Department of Pharmacology, NIMS Medical College, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India, Kothari Kriti ,   1st Year Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, SMS Medical College, Jaipur Rajasthan, India, Parakh Richa ,   1st Year Resident, Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Parakh Pradeep ,   Professor and Head, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude & practice of self medication among engineering students of all the years of NIMS Engineering College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Methods: This study was an anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study. A self-developed, pre-validated questionnaire consisting of both open-ended and close-ended questions was filled by 1st, 2nd, 3rd & 4th year engineering students. Data was reviewed, organized and summarized as counts and percentages and evaluated using the Chi-square test and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 346 students, 70.5% were male & 29.4% were females. Their age ranged from 17-27 years. Out of these, 75.7% students had taken self medication with 22.3% being females and 77.86% being males. The commonest indications for self-medication were fever seen in 176(67.1%) of the students followed by, cough/common cold 104(39.69%). 37.4% of the students didn’t feel the need to go to a doctor and this was the most frequent reasons for resorting to self-medication and the main source of self medication was guardians (54.9%). Analgesics were the commonest drugs used (56.5%) followed by antimicrobials (15.6%) with 52% of the students completed the recommended course of antimicrobials. 46.5% students thought that self medication was harmful. Conclusion: The practice of self-medication in our study was common and often inappropriate and this high prevalence is a cause of concern. Education and proper information about the drugs may go a long way in promoting responsible self medication.
Evaluation of psychopharmacological activity of ethyl acetate extract of Sarcostema acidum (Roxb).voigt
Authors:   Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacologyy, University College of Pharmacy, M.G University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kottayam 686631, Kerala, India., Ittiyavirah Sibi P. , Rahees T. ,   Department of Pharmacologyy, University College of Pharmacy, M.G University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kottayam 686631, Kerala, India.
Published: March 2022

Herbal medicines are gaining growing interest because of their cost- effective, eco- friendly attributes and true relief from disease condition. Sarcostemma acidum was documented in many folklore practices for various psychiatric conditions. It has been dealt with in detail in “SHRUSHRUTHA SAMHITHA”. Ethyl Acetate Extract of the whole plant Sarcostemma acidum (EASA) was evaluated for psychopharmacological effects, Anti Psychotic, Anxiolytic and CNS inhibitory activity. Anti psychotic effects of EASA was assessed by Condition Avoidance Response and cataleptic Scoring test using pole climbing and Bar test respectively. Elevated Plus maze (EPM) and Hole Board Apparatus (HBA) was employed for the anxiolytic activity while Actophotometer was used to assess the CNS inhibitory activity. EASA (650mg/kg), Haloperidol (5mg/kg) and 1% CMC was administered to the test, standard and control group respectively for Antipsychotic activity, while For Anxiolytic and CNS depressant studies test, standard and control group receive EASA (650mg/kg), Diazepam (2mg/kg) and 1% CMC respectively. It was found that EASA significantly enhance the latency period to climb the pole and the cataleptic score which indicates its suppression on CAR activity, which clearly confirms its Anti Psychotic activity, might be due to blockade of dopaminergic pathway. It was observed that EASA at a dose of 650mg/kg significantly increases the no: of entries in to the open arm in EPM as well as no: of head poking in HBA, which reflects its increase in exploratory behaviour which indicates the anxiolytic activity. Reduction in the loco motor activity in actophotometer indicates CNS depressant property of the drug.
Endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxant effect of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) on rat aorta
Authors:   Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812 University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul , D’Alex Tadondjou Tchingo Cyrille ,   Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Claude Bilanda Danielle ,   Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812 University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, BibiFarouck Aboubakar Oumarou ,   Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812 University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, Pierre Kamtchouing ,   Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812 University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, Théophile Dimo ,   Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812 University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
Published: March 2022

Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) is a plant which is used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases including arterial hypertension. The vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous stem bark extract of T. superba was evaluated on the isolated aorta rings of the rat constricted with KCl (60 mM) or norepinephrine (10-5 M). Cumulative concentrations (20-100 µg/mL) of T. superba provoked a dose-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta precontracted by norepinephrine or KCl. The maximum vasorelaxant activity of T. superba was 107.24 ± 7.01% on the intact aorta and 102.48 ± 19.09% on the denuded aorta contracted by norepinephrine. The evaluation of the effects of the aqueous extract of T. superba on the intact aorta precontracted by KCl showed a maximum relaxation of 68.43 ± 2.51% at a final concentration of 100µg/mL. The vasorelaxation induced by T. superba (100 µg/mL) on the intact aorta precontracted by norepinephrine was significantly reduced in the presence of Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (54.98 ± 6.0%, p<0.01), tetraethylammonium (58.93 ± 5.30%, p<0.05) or propranolol (69.39 ± 4.03%, p<0.05). Indometacin (10-4 M), or glibenclamide (5 µM), did not modify significantly the vasorelaxant effect of the plant extract. These results suggest that the vasorelaxation elicited by T. superba was not mediated via endothelium-derived prostacyclin or ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The direct effects of T. superba seem to be mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors and potassium channels other than potassium ATP-dependent channels. The results of this study could explain, at least partly, the use of this plant in empirical treatment of arterial hypertension.
Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root used as chewing stick in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria, Anne Itemire Oghenekevwe , Andrew Ogbimi Oroboheru ,   Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria, Idu MacDonald ,   Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

This study examined the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root fractioned with chloroform against oral microbial isolates. Oral swabs were collected from 25 patients with dental problems attending the Dental clinic of UBTH Benin City. The streak plate method was used to culture on Blood, Chocolate, MacConkey and Sabouraud agar plates and were incubated at 37°C for 24 h for bacteria and room temperature for 72 h for fungi. The paper disc diffusion method was used at 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 800 mg/ml for antimicrobial determination. The percentage occurrences of the microbial isolates were N. catarrhalis (48%), S. aureus (44%), P. aeruginosa (28%), S. epidermidis (24%), L. acidophilus (24%), K. rhinoscleromatis (20%) and C. albicans (12%). At 800 mg/ml the pre- fractioned and post- fractioned aqueous extracts inhibited all the microbial isolates. Ethanol-chloroform extract at 800 mg/ml inhibited all the microbial isolates except P. aeruginosa that had 42.9%. In all the extracts, C. albicans had 100% inhibition at 400 mg/ml. There was significant difference between the zones of inhibition of the difference microorganisms as P<0.05 and between pre- fractioned and post- fractioned aqueous extracts as P<0.05. The results showed that aqueous extracts had better antimicrobial activity when compared to the ethanol extracts.
Screening of antibacterial and anthelmintic potentials of Tamarindus indica and Carica papaya
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi 533461, A.P., India, Kiran Bondada V.V.S. Surya , Lakshmi Surada Vijaya ,   Department of Pharmacology, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi 533461, A.P., India, Sridhar Nimmakayala ,   Department of Pharmacology, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi 533461, A.P., India, Kanthal Lakshmi Kanta ,   Department of Pharmacology, Koringa College of Pharmacy, Korangi 533461, A.P., India
Published: March 2022

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and anthelmintic evaluation of methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Tamarindus indica, latex of Carica papaya. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by cup diffusion method against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Methanol extract of Carica papaya latex showed maximum activity against Bacillus subtilis (IZ: 29±0.35mm; AI: 1.318). The anthelmintic profile of various extracts of leaves of Tamarindus indica, latex of Carica papaya showed that aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica greater potency to produce paralysis earlier than other extracts.
Antifungal activity of Bacillus species in bio-control of different plant pathogens
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Revathi N. , Kalaiselvi M. ,   Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Gomathi D. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Ravikumar G. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore 641021, India, Uma C. ,   Associate Professor, Hawasaa University, Ethiopia
Published: March 2022

Background: Plant diseases are caused mainly by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. Biocontrol of plant disease involves the use of an organism or organisms to reduce disease which includes management of resident populations of organisms (the 'black box' approach) and introductions of specific organisms (the 'silver bullet' approach) to reduce disease. Aim: In the present study we focus on the inhibitory activity of different strains of Bacillus sp.101, Bacillus sp.102, Streptomyces sp.NCL Aspergillus sp. MY 2, Chaetomium sp. MY3, Volutella sp. against some plant pathogens such as B. poitrasii, S. rolfsii, A. niger, Fusarium in In vitro. Methods: Isolation of microbial species and inhibitor studies were carried out by using standard protocols. Results: Among the tested bacterial cultures, two Bacillus strains, 101 and 102 showed positive hyphal tip bursting test for all the four fungal species. Streptomyces isolate NCL1 exhibited HTB for B. poitrasii and S. rolfsii. The Actinomyces isolate NCL 2 and fungal isolates, Aspergillus MY2 and Chaetomium MY3 showed positive test against B. poitrasii only. Conclusion: The result of this study supports the use of bio-control agents, not only because they are environmentally friendly, but because they are also effective in controlling the plant pathogen B. poitrasii and S. rolfsii.
Nutritional and antinutritional analysis of Chrysanthellum indicum leaves
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Jimam N. S. , Banwat S. B. ,   Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Dafam D. G. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Tochukwu E. ,   Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

Nutrients are required to drive the basic physiological activities that sustain life, and an imbalance in such nutrients which may be caused by either deficiencies or excess of one or more nutrient may lead to the initiation and/or exacerbation of virtually all diseases. Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with healthy diet. Chrysanthedum indicum leaves is widely consumed as food in the North central part of Nigeria including Kaduna, Nassarawa and Plateau States and other neighbouring states. The proximate constituent of the air dried vegetable leaves were determined by various methods; the various antinutritional Factors such as phytic acid, oxalic acid, and tannin were also determined using different methods. The study on proximate composition showed that the vegetable Chrysanthellemindicum has high crude protein (24.63%) compared to those of other Conventional Nigerian vegetables: Curcubita pepo (20.80%) and Gnetum africana (19.67%). The vegetable has 23.16% crude fibres, and 2.76% crude fat. It also contains about 29.38% potasium, 29.96% calcium. It also contains oxalate, tannins and phytic acid as anti nutrients. The study showed that the leaves of Chrysanthellum indicum contain substantial levels of nutrient which could be useful in human diet, with considerably low levels of anti nutritional content which is below established toxic level.
Psychopharmacological studies of Mammea africana stem bark extract
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, Okokon Jude E. , Davies Koofreh ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

Herbal medicine is an integral part of the health care system in most developed and developing countries of the world. Objective: The stem bark of Mammea africana used traditionally in the treatment of mental disorders was evaluated for depressive effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Materials and Method: The stem bark extract was investigated for depressive activity in the open field, force swimming and tail suspension tests as well as its anticonvulsant potential against pentylene tetrazol and aminophylline-induced convulsions. The effect of the extract on phenobarbitone induced sleeping time was also evaluated. Results: The extract was found to significantly (p<0.001) decrease the frequency of line crossing, rearing and walling activities of the rats in open field test as well as increased the immobility time in both tail suspension and force swimming tests. The stem bark extract also significantly (p<0.001) shortened the onset time of sleep and prolonged the duration of sleep induced by phenobarbitone sodium. The stem bark extract and fractions (30 – 90 mg/kg), could not offered significant protection against PTZand aminophylline induced convulsion, but were found to delay significantly (p<0.05 – 0.001) the onset of tonic/clonic convulsion and also prolonged the time of death of the treated mice. Conclusion: The stem bark of M. africana has depressant, sedating and anticonvulsant properties.
An overview of Ayurvedic & contemporary approaches to Psychodermatology
Authors: Singh Satyapal , Tripathi J.S. , Rai N.P.
Published: March 2022

Aim & objective: The main objective of this paper is to increase the awareness of the psychodermal effect of different type of skin diseases with special reference to Psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis and Acne. Basis of evidence: The authentic subject material has been reviewed from Ayurveda and modern medical literature. Selected articles from dermatologic and psychiatric literature were reviewed and used as the basis for the discussion of how psychological factors & skin diseases interact with each other and affect patient’s quality of life and selection of appropriate management. Central Message: This review is mainly focused on psychodermal effects of commonly encountered skin ailments - Psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis and Acne. Patients with the skin disorder always experience physical, mental and socioeconomic embarrassment in the society. This embarrassment leads to mental stress which further causes aggravation of preexisting disease. More than a cosmetic nuisance, a skin disease produces anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems that affect the patient’s life in many ways comparable to Arthritis, Asthma or other disabling illnesses. Conclusion: The psychodermal aspect of skin diseases is underappreciated. Increased understanding of psychodermal comorbidities associated with skin diseases and a psychodermal approach to the management would ultimately improve patient’s quality of life. In this way, the present review has made a humble effort to clearly understand psychodermal aspects of skin disorders.
Exploratory and anxiety potentials of aqueous extract of Phragmanthera capitata
Authors: Takem Lapah Pièrre , Eshiet Grace A. , Ogom Ogbeihe Geraldine , Mbang Uket Uket
Published: March 2022

Aim: To evaluate the exploratory and anxiety potentials of aqueous extract of Phragmanthera capitata (AEPC) in Wistar rats using hole-board paradigm. Materials and Methods: Healthy rats were randomized into 5 groups. Group I (control) received 10 ml/kg saline, Group II (standard) received 0.2 mg/kg Diazepam, Groups III-V (tests) received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg AEPC respectively. Changes in the emotional state of rats were assessed through changes in exploratory activities. Hole exploration consisted of point-sniff, circular-sniff and central sniff while inside hole exploration consisted of staticdip, rapid-dip and active-dip. Latency of the first head-dipping, number and duration of rearing, number of crossing from one compartment to another were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the test used as post hoc. Results: In head dipping, there was a significant increase for 200 and 400 mg/kg AEPC as compared to control. In sniffing, 200 and 400 mg/kg AEPC also showed significant increase in point sniffing and central sniffing respectively. Rearing, duration and mean number of crossing were significantly decreased by 400 mg/kg AEPC. Latency of the first headdipping was significantly decreased by 400 mg/kg AEPC. Conclusion: The results suggest that Phragmanthera capitata has bioactive molecules that act in the central nervous system to lower anxiety.
Comparative study of volatile constituents and antimicrobial activities of leaves and fruit peels of Citrus sinensis Linn.
Authors: Singh Vijender , Katiyar Deepti , Ali Mohammed
Published: March 2022

A steam distilled volatile oil from the fresh leaves of Citrus sinensis Linn. analysed by capillary-GC and GCMS yielded eight components, of which seven were monoterpenic (99.6%) and one ester (0.4%). Cis-sabinene hydrate (35.1%) was the predominant monoterpene, followed by l - limonene (30.1%), citral (27.9%), lavendulol (2.5%), perillaldehyde (2.0%), α-pinene (1.4%) and perillyl alcohol (0.6%). The ester obtained was tert.-butyl benzoate (0.4%). Whereas volatile oil from its fresh fruit peels yielded five components of which three were monoterpenes (76.5%) and remaining two were non-terpenic compounds. α-pinene (60.80%) was the predominant monoterpene, followed by verbenone (15.40%) and α-thujene (0.30%).The non-terpenic compounds obtained was N-pentylcyclopentane (11.80%) and cyclopentenyl ethyne (11.70%). The maximum antibacterial activity was shown with 1%v/v of volatile oil collected from Greater Noida, U.P on Staphylococcus aureus (16.4 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (14.2 mm), and maximum anti-fungal activity was shown on Candida albicans (13.1 mm) followed by Aspergillus niger (12.5 mm).
Effectiveness of Social Security System in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Arjun
Published: March 2022

Social security is a fundamental human right to which every individual has been entitled as a member of the society. It is the programs developed to reduce the vulnerability of an individual. The main objective of this paper is to examine on effectiveness of social security system in Nepal. This study follows to analyze the effectiveness Social Security Allowance among the beneficiaries especially for senior citizen, widowed, fully disabled and partially disabled. The implication of the study is to strengthen the social security programs in Nepal. This study is based on primary data collection in terms of use of the allowance and use of it to maintain the social status. This study reveals that social security allowance have been used for the fulfilment of basic personal needs.
Tantric Influence in 'Aripana' of Mithila
Authors: Rana Kul Bahadur
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the influence of tantra in the aripana, a floor painting, of Mithila Region. The ancient tradition of floor painting expresses the philosophy of tantra, which lays a focus on the balance between the spiritual and material aspects of the world. The use of the tantric symbols, celebration of the bodily desires, recognition of the material aspects, and glorification of feminine power as a primal source in aripana shows the influence of Tantra in Maithili society, art, and culture. Mithila, a Hindu society, has the influence of patriarchal Vedantic civilization. The society observes Hindu religious practices and rituals, on the one hand, and develops its own faith, beliefs and value systems on the other hand that at times tend to contrast with the religious practices of the Indian subcontinent. However, Mithila has advanced a good balance between the religious and secular practices so as to seek meanings in their lives, that is, a good equilibrium between the spiritual and material realities of the world. The link of aripana in Mithila, solely a Hindu community, demonstrates the tantric tradition of worshipping ‘shakti’. Thus, Mithila Women through aripana highlights on the equal status of both the spirit and matter, initiating Human kind to attend their spiritual and material strength to its fullest. Despite the multi-facets of aripana in Mithila, it lacks proper study and research. The researcher aspects minimal bridging of research gaps and problem from this article entitled “Tantric Influence in ‘Aripana’ of Mithila”.
Studying the optical and physical properties of aerosolin an urban area of Hanoi city
Authors:   Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Nguyen Duc Luong , Bui Thi Hieu ,   Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Van Hung Vy ,   Centre for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration, Pham Thi Thuy ,   Centre for Environmental Monitoring, Vietnam Environment Administration
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the optical and physical properties of aerosol in an urban area of Hanoi city based on the data products for aerosol characteristics measured by the sunphotometer situated at the ground station (Nghia Do AERONET station, Hanoi) and by the MODIS satellite remote sensing for 3 seasons (dry, rainy, and transitional seasons) during the period of 2010-2018. The findings showed that the aerosol optical depth (AOD) has the highest value in the transitional season (1.24), followed by those in the dry (0.94) and rainy (0.57) seasons. The high value of Angstrom Exponent (1.34) measured at the wavelengths of 870 and 440 nm (AE440-870) indicated the major contribution of fine particles, compared to that by the coarse particles, in the aerosol loading in the study area. The high values of both Extinction Angstrom Exponent (EAE440-480) and Absorbed Angstrom Exponent (AAE440-480) during 3 seasons suggested that aerosol originated from both biomass burning and urban/industrial sources co-existed in the atmosphere in the study area. The analysis results for active fires in the Southeast Asia measured by MODIS satellite and air mass backward trajectories arrived at the study site in Hanoi in the periods of 2016 showed that the regional biomass burning activities (the central region of Vietnam and neighboring countries including Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia) could be the important source influencing the variation of optical and physical properties of aerosol during the end of the dry season and transitional season in the urban area of Hanoi city.
Identifying special EST-SSR regions of Panax vietnamensisHa & Grushv based on Next-generation sequencing
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Nguyen Thi Phuong Trang ,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Nguyen Hung Manh ,   Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Bui Thu Ha ,   Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education
Published: March 2022

Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis Ha & Grushv is an endemic species with a narrow distribution. Because of having many benefits and high prices, there is an increase in faked Ngoc Linh ginseng. Most of the faked Ngoc Linh ginseng samples are other Panax species or subspecies distributed in Vietnam. Thus, it is very important to authenticate the Ngoc Linh ginseng samples. In this study, the author sequenced the transcriptomes genome of Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis based on the Next-generation sequencing method using Illumina HiSeqTM 4000 system to detect the special SSR regions of this ginseng. A total of 23,741,783 raw reads were obtained and assembled with a total volume of 7.08 Gb. From these raw reads, 262,999 unigenes with an average length of 133 Mb were generated and 101 typical SSR regions of Ngoc Linh ginseng were successfully identified.
Implementasi Sequential Searching pada Pencarian Transaksi Bilyet Giro Wisma BCA Pondok Indah Berbasis Website
Authors: Siswanto Bhakti , Nuraeni Nia
Published: March 2022

Processing and archiving of power of attorney for depositing demand deposits at BCA Wisma BCA Pondok Indah still uses the manual method, namely storage in large folders based on grouping and alphabetically. With the large number of power of attorney stored at BCA Wisma BCA Pondok Indah, the process of providing teller transaction services is hampered in searching for the name of the customer who receives the checking account based on the account number, making it inefficient in terms of time and effort. The purpose of this study is to implement a sequential searching algorithm to facilitate the search for account numbers in the power of attorney archive system for depositing giro BCA Wisma BCA Pondok Indah. By using the waterfall method to overcome the above problems, in its development this system uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) object-oriented analysis methods such as Use Case Diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Activity Diagrams and Class Diagrams. Sequential Searching Algorithm can be implemented in the search for power of attorney archives based on account numbers. The programming language used in this application is PHP scripting and MySQL database and the system testing used is black box testing
Analisis Sentimen Dan Jaringan Sosial Pada Penyebaran Informasi Vaksinasi Di Twitter
Authors: Nurhazizah Eva , Ichsan Rizky Nur , Widiyanesti Sri
Published: March 2022

Akhir tahun 2019 dunia digemparkan dengan kemunculan virus baru yaituCorona Virus yang diakibatkan dari pathogen SARS Cov-2 atau dikenal dengan COVID-19. Usaha preventif yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi penyebaran virus ini adalah dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Strategi lain yang juga dilakukan pemerintaha adalah melakukan vaksinasi agar terbentuk herd-immunity (kekebalan kelompok) secara cepat. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam program vaksinasi adalah munculnya kalangan yang menolak vaksin. Kejadian tersebut menimbulkan keresahan dimasyarakat. Respon kekhawatiran masyarakat diekspresikan dalam media sosial, salah satu media sosial yang digunakan sebagai pilihan untuk menyampaikan respon dan opini tersebut adalah twitter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis sentimen terhadap opini terkait vaksin yang beredar di twitter serta melakukan analisis jaringan sosial (SNA) yang terbentuk untuk mengetahui aktor yang paling berperan dalam penyebaran informasi mengenai vaksin COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan metode klasifikasi dengan algoritma naïve bayes dan metode Social Network Analysis (SNA). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 92% sentimen pengguna twitter adalah positif terhadap vaksin COVID-19 dan aktor yang paling berperan dalam penyebaran informasi adalah akun @jokowi.Keywords: COVID-19, vaksinasi, analisis sentimen, SNA, twitter
Effect of Chronic Exposure of Cadmium Chloride in Drinking Water on Structural and Functional Aspects of Thyroid Gland in Mature Male Rabbits
Authors: H. Cheyad Samir , K. Khudier Kalisa , A. AL-Mzain Khtan
Published: March 2022

The effect of chronic exposure to two different levels of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) 30 ppb and 40 ppb in drinking water for 12 weeks on thyroid function of mature male rabbits was studied. Eighteen mature male rabbits  were randomly divided into three groups (each of six ) , control group (group I ): were offered ordinary tap water , and treated groups (II and III ) were offered tap water containing 30ppb and 40 ppb respectively for 12 weeks .Serum concentration of  thyroxin (T4 ) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured every six weeks ,as an index  of  thyroid function , further more ,  section of thyroid gland were prepared for histological studies. The results showed that  chronic exposure of male rabbits to two  different levels of  CdCl2  caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum T3 and T4 in both treated groups in compared with control group, in addition, there were histological changes in thyroid gland of treated groups manifested by hyperplasia with presence of large number of varying size of microfollicels and hypertrophic thyrocytes, small colloid with little secretion .

Key wards: Cadmium, Thyroid gland, Thyroxin, Triiodothyronin, Thyrocyt
SEARCH FOR AN EXTREMUM USING THE STEEPEST DESCENT METHOD UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ERRORS
Authors: Nona Otkhozoria  , Vano Otkhozoria  , Shorena Khorava
Published: March 2022

One of the spread first level methods of optimum search is learned by the steepest descent method in conditions when there are mistakes in the experiment. The steepest descent method is investigated and is successfully applied in situations, when, there are no mistakes of experiment. However, in real situations the used means of measurement always have determined errors owing to what the appropriate meanings of the response receives with mistakes. The model of the steepest descent algorithm in created, when the length of the step does not depend on the meaning of the purpose functioning. Stepping process realization algorithm and program provision in MathCAD, computer mathematic, system is designed. The realization outcome mistakes for different meaning are presented, the step movement of the optimum dot direction is shown according to function meaning and argument meaning as well. The amount needed for the tactics necessary to approach the minimum is established, the quake amplitude in the surrounding of different level experiment mistakes at the optimum search efficiency in different step conditions.
Pratiques de rédaction claire de rédacteurs fonctionnels en Belgique francophone
Authors: Müller Adeline , François Thomas
Published: March 2022

Dans les administrations belges francophones, on retrouve surtout des rédacteurs fonctionnels, c’est-à-dire des rédacteurs n’ayant pas suivi de formation en rédaction professionnelle, et qui réalisent des tâches de rédaction de façon occasionnelle. Nous avons étudié empiriquement, à l’aide d’un questionnaire en ligne, les pratiques de rédaction claire de 51 rédacteurs fonctionnels en Belgique francophone. Nous leur avons posé des questions sur leur vision du langage clair, leur travail quotidien et leurs attentes en matière d’aide à la rédaction claire. De plus, 30 rédacteurs ont également été confrontés à une tâche de réécriture d’extraits de textes administratifs authentiques pour vérifier la concordance entre les pratiques réelles de rédaction et les conseils issus de guides de rédaction claire. Cet article vise à présenter les résultats de cette enquête.
Differences in postoperative quality of life in young, early elderly, and late elderly patients undergoing surgical treatment for degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Croci Davide M. , Sherrod Brandon , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Chan Andrew K. , Bydon Mohamad , Glassman Steven D. , Foley Kevin T. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J. , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Asher Anthony L. , Than Khoi D. , Gottfried Oren N. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Virk Michael S. , Bisson Erica F.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common progressive spine disorder affecting predominantly middle-aged and elderly populations. With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of CSM is expected to rise further. The outcomes of elderly patients undergoing CSM surgery and especially their quality of life (QOL) postoperatively remain undetermined. This study retrospectively reviewed patients to identify baseline differences and validated postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in elderly patients undergoing CSM surgery.

METHODS

The multi-institutional, neurosurgery-specific NeuroPoint Quality Outcomes Database was queried to identify CSM patients treated surgically at the 14 highest-volume sites from January 2016 to December 2018. Patients were divided into three groups: young (< 65 years), early elderly (65–74 years), and late elderly (≥ 75 years). Demographic and PRO measures (Neck Disability Index [NDI] score, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association [mJOA] score, EQ-5D score, EQ-5D visual analog scale [VAS] score, arm pain VAS, and neck pain VAS) were compared among the groups at baseline and 3 and 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS

A total of 1151 patients were identified: 691 patients (60%) in the young, 331 patients (28.7%) in the early elderly, and 129 patients (11.2%) in the late elderly groups. At baseline, younger patients presented with worse NDI scores (p < 0.001) and lower EQ-5D VAS (p = 0.004) and EQ-5D (p < 0.001) scores compared with early and late elderly patients. No differences among age groups were found in the mJOA score. An improvement of all QOL scores was noted in all age groups. On unadjusted analysis at 3 months, younger patients had greater improvement in arm pain VAS, NDI, and EQ-5D VAS compared with early and late elderly patients. At 12 months, the same changes were seen, but on adjusted analysis, there were no differences in PROs between the age groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ results indicate that elderly patients undergoing CSM surgery achieved QOL outcomes that were equivalent to those of younger patients at the 12-month follow-up.
Tansu Chiller at the top of the political Olympus of the Turkish Republic: Is it easy to be the first?
Authors: Ul’chenko Nataliya Yu.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes two periods of stay in power in Turkey of the leader of the center-right True Path Party Tansu Chiller. These episodes are interesting as the first experience of a female leader in the highest state posts in the Republic of Turkey.
During the first episode, T.Chiller headed the government, during the second, as Deputy Prime Minister, she represented her party in the coalition government formed jointly with the pro-Islamic Welfare Party. Thus, in this case the experience of a woman leader in a high state post was combined with the initial testing of joint governing with the party of political Islam.
From the point of view of the results achieved, both periods turned out to be quite contradictory. Having failed to reverse some previously established populist trends in economic policy, doomed in the long term, in particular, having failed to direct the country's economy to financial liberalization, Chiller continued to follow the path of achieving short-term goals, trying to protect the power position of her party at the current moment. As a result, in 1994, financial crisis prepared by the excessive implementation of a stimulating fiscal policy since the late 1980s broke out in Turkey. Being in coalition with Necmetin Erbakan, T.Chiller supported in fact a departure from the post-crisis stabilization program and return to the policy of real wage growth.
Thus, during the reign of Chiller, the expected update in the country's economic policy did not occur, but this reign should not be emphasized as quite unsuccessful. Rather, it was carried out in accordance with previously established traditions and represented a continuation of the game according to the previously established rules.
«The land оf Nicholas von Tunzelmann»: Russian traces in New Zealand
Authors: Rudnikova Elena
Published: March 2022

The article deals with a group of geographical names in New Zealand and one toponym in Antarctica, the history of which is associated with the immigrants from the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIXth century. They are Nicholas and Alexander von Tunzelmann, representatives of the first two generations of the New Zealand branch of the Tunzelmann family, which had Russian roots. 
Nicholas von Tunzelmann was one of the pioneers of the European colonization of New Zealand. There are a mountain, a river with two tributaries, a river valley and a mountain lodge situated on the west coast of Wakatipu Lake (South Island) received his name back in 1860s. His nephew Alexander is considered in New Zealand as one of the pioneers of Antarctica and the first New Zealander to set foot on its shore. In 1998, the extreme point of Cape Adare at the northern tip of Victoria Land was named after him.
Based on various sources, the details of their biographies, events in the lives of their families and descendants are restored. It is emphasized that the Russian origin of Nicholas von Tunzelmann was a significant aspect for himself to the end of his life. It is concluded that it is important to preserve the memory of this Russian contribution to New Zealand toponymy.
Inventorization on Ethnomedicinal Plants in Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Padal S. B. Padal
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Intensive field surveys were carried out during 2020-2021 in the interior tribal pockets of Gummalakshimipuram agency area, Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The present study deals with 102 species of plants belonging to 89 genera, which belong to 37 families and are used by various tribal groups. The tribal people of this area largely depend on herbal medicines, plant products for primary healthcare and their daily life. These plants are primarily used to cure 42 different diseases by the tribes of these regions.
Effect of Raphanus sativus on Glucose, Cholesterol and Triglycerides Levels in Glucose Loaded Rats
Authors: Elnour Rehab Omer , EzzEldin Omar Musa , Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Ahmed Reem Hassan , Eltahir Ahlam Salih
Published: March 2022

Background: In fact, diabetes is now a serious health concern, and the import of medications from other countries consumes a significant amount of foreign cash each year. The effects of Raphanus satives (Radish) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus were evaluated scientifically in this study. Thyroid hormone increases metabolic actions in almost every tissue, and the current study was an attempt to evaluate scientifically the effects of Raphanus satives (Radish) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Objectives: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Raphanus sativus (Radish) on induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: An oral administration of ethanolic extract of Radish in glucose loaded rats at dose of 250mg/k body weight,  standard group was administered with 10mg/kg of hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide for 2 consecutive weeks. The control group was given distilled water only. After the two weeks' time, the groups were subjected to a glucose tolerance test and measurement of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Results: significant reduction of blood glucose was observed (P <0.001), when compared with the control group at 2 hours after glucose loud. Radish ethanolic extract did not present any significant difference in cholesterol level after 2 weeks compared with start point. No significant difference was seen in triglyceride level after 2 weeks of administration of Radish extract compared with start point. Radish extract(250 mg/kg) did not affect kidney function  creatinin and urea, also liver  function were not affected Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), albumin, total protein and bilirubin, this means administration of increased doses to hyperglycemic subjects can be considered safe. CONCLUSION: In this investigation, doses of radish extract (250 mg/kg) had no effect on renal function, creatinin, and urea, as well as liver function. Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), albumin, total protein, and bilirubin .Keywords: Raphanus sativus, extract, hypoglycemic, glucose, rats
Männlichkeiten zwischen Neujustierung und Wandel? Persistenzen hegemonialer Männlichkeit
Authors: Lengersdorf Diana , Meuser Michael
Published: March 2022

Zentrales Element hegemonialer Männlichkeit ist die enge Verwobenheit von Männlichkeiten und Erwerbsarbeit, die sich u. a. in der Figur des Ernährers der Familie manifestiert. Weltweit lassen sich Veränderungen feststellen, die Alternativen und neue Möglichkeitsräume erkennen lassen. Die konzeptionelle Einordnung dieser empirischen Phänomene steht allerdings noch am Anfang. Inwiefern es sich dabei um mehr als einen gesellschaftlichen Wandel handelt, sondern um ein grundlegend verändertes „In-der-Welt-Sein“, wollen wir anhand von in Gruppendiskussionen gewonnenen Daten für Deutschland diskutieren. Durch drei Fälle hindurch können wir zeigen, dass die Figur des Ernährers auf der einen Seite als klassisch, traditionell und auch veraltet verstanden und als solche zumindest in Teilen zurückgewiesen wird, auf der anderen Seite lassen sich in diesen Fällen auch Hinweise finden, dass sich der Ernährer nach wie vor zur Hegemonialisierung in der konkreten Praxis eignet. Instruktiv ist die Falldiskussion daher vor allem auch, da die Schilderungen der Diskussionsteilnehmer nachdrücklich verdeutlichen, wie hegemoniale Männlichkeit in der Praxis funktioniert: als Anrufung, der man sich nicht entziehen kann.
Factors Influencing Change in Brain-Predicted Age Difference in a Cohort of Healthy Older Individuals
Authors: Wrigglesworth Jo , Harding Ian H. , Ward Phillip , Woods Robyn L. , Storey Elsdon , Fitzgibbon Bernadette , Egan Gary , Murray Anne , Shah Raj C. , Trevaks Ruth E. , Ward Stephanie , McNeil John J. , Ryan Joanne ,   on behalf of the ASPREE investigator group
Published: March 2022

Background:

There is considerable variability in the rate at which we age biologically, and the brain is particularly susceptible to the effects of aging.

Objective:

We examined the test-retest reliability of brain age at one- and three-year intervals and identified characteristics that predict the longitudinal change in brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD, defined by deviations of brain age from chronological age).

Methods:

T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired at three timepoints from 497 community-dwelling adults (73.8±3.5 years at baseline, 48% were female). Brain age was estimated from whole brain volume, using a publicly available algorithm trained on an independent dataset. Linear mixed models were used, adjusting for sex, age, and age2.

Results:

Excellent retest reliability of brain age was observed over one and three years. We identified a significant sex difference in brain-PAD, where a faster rate of brain aging (worsening in brain age relative to chronological age) was observed in men, and this finding replicated in secondary analyses. The effect size, however, was relatively weak, equivalent to 0.16 years difference per year. A higher score in physical health related quality of life and verbal fluency were associated with a faster rate of brain aging, while depression was linked to a slower rate of brain aging, but these findings were not robust.

Conclusion:

Our study provides consistent evidence that older men have slightly faster brain atrophy than women. Given the sparsity of longitudinal research on brain age in older populations, future prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.