bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of acid additives on rheological properties and technological efficiency of zwitterionic and anionic surfactant mixtures
Authors: Mohsen Ali Mohammed Abdullah , Konovalov Viktor V. , Sklyuev Prokofy V.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Various acid additives such corrosion inhibitors, iron stabilizers, demulsifiers, anti-precipitation agents are usually used to provide necessary technological properties to acid compositions. Adding the additives into the acid composition based on viscoelastic surfactants can have a significant impact on the efficiency of their subsequent use, since micelle formation and, consequently, rheology of their solutions are particularly sensitive to the presence of additional components in the system. Accordingly, determination of the acid additives influence on rheological properties and technological efficiency of acid compositions with surfactants is a vital task. Aim. To evaluate the effect of acid additives on rheological behavior of viscoelastic surfactants-based acid compositions (mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine and ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfosuccinate). Object. Acidic composition based on viscoelastic surfactants (a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants) and a package of acidic additives – corrosion inhibitor, iron stabilizer, demulsifier and antisludge agent. Methods. Investigation of rheological properties using an MCR52 rheometer (Anton Paar GmBH) in the shear rate range from 1 to 100 s–1 at temperatures from 20 to 90°C, standard tests for selecting acid additives.  Results. The authors have determined the effect of acid additives on rheological properties of the developed self-diverting acid solution based on the viscoelastic surfactant (a mixture of anionic and zwitterionic surfactants). The obtained results confirmed that adding the acid additives into solutions leads to a decrease in partially neutralized solution viscosity. However, it expands the range of manifestation of viscoelastic properties. This will increase the efficiency of the developed composition during acid treatment. Also, the addition of acid additives reduces the initial viscosity, which facilitates acid injection into formation. A viscoelastic gel is not formed with hydrocarbons, which indicates that the treatment is effective in cleaning up the area after acidizing. The temperature test showed that the additives do not affect the temperature range of acid solution application.
Development of a system for controlling a diamond drilling mode in terms of rock fault resistance
Authors: Neskoromnykh Vyacheslav V. , Popova Marina S. , Laletina Ksenia V. , Lysakov Dmitriy V.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Resistance to rock-cutting elements in rock destruction largely determines the effectiveness of drilling results. Information about the drag coefficient allows you to correctly and timely adjust the intensity of a drilling tool impact on the bottom of the well. To control the force contact of the drilling tool cutters with the bottom of the well, it is necessary to have a methodological apparatus that allows determining the rock destruction mechanism, taking into account the resistance forces. The existing methods for selecting combinations of diamond drilling mode parameters according to the known RPI index or according to the criterion of energy intensity of rock destruction N/vm , where N is the bottomhole power to overcome the resistance during rock destruction at the bottom hole; vm – mechanical drilling speed, have a number of disadvantages. They consist, for example, in occurrence of tool wear or the need to obtain a bottomhole power value in the current time mode, which is difficult under modern drilling conditions. Therefore, the study of rock resistance to destruction by a diamond cutter, based on application of the full factorial experiment method with obtaining mathematical models of factors and their graphical interpretation in combination with process control systems using computer technology in the current time mode, is a relevant topic. The disclosure of this topic will determine the direction of increasing technical and economic indicators of drilling. Aim. To develop a methodological apparatus that allows determining the mechanism of rock destruction taking into account the resistance forces to ensure optimal control of diamond drilling. Objects. Mechanism of rock resistance to destruction by a diamond cutter. Methods. Analysis, analytical research, full factorial experiment. Results. The paper presents an analytical analysis of the possibility of controlling drilling modes in order to achieve the greatest effect from drilling by estimating the drag coefficient as a function of the intensity of destruction or deepening per one revolution. Based on the analytical studies and the mode of drilling control by a computer in the real time mode, the authors have proposed a method for selecting the parameters of the drilling mode according to a given optimal value of the resistance index during drilling, and a way for its automatic implementation.
Geological and hydrogeological structure of the Sheshma terrigenous complex of the Belsky uplift
Authors: Yarkov Maxim I. , Leibovich Larisa O. , Krasilnikov Pavel A. , Batrakova Galina M.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The importance of industrial and technical water supply to an oil field in the north-east of Perm region. The requirements to subsoil use and environment protection demand a sanitary restriction zone of the water supply source in the northern part of the field. The current study of a geological structure and groundwater conditions and circulation of Sheshma aquifer complex will assess its resources and elaborate on organization of water supply to the oil field. Aim. To study geological structure and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. Objects. Formations rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma terrigenous complex. Methods. Studying the archival records, conducting a hydro-geological survey of the territory, drilling groundwater exploration wells, conducting pilot-filtration works on groundwater exploration wells in the flooding and low-water period. Results. The authors have discovered Sheshma formation thickness, which ranges from 100–150 to 300 m, and lithological composition of rocks and groundwater conditions of Sheshma aquifer complex. It was established that groundwater is deposited as a system of separate isolated water-bearing interlayers and blocks within the Durinsky trough. The most water-bearing zones were identified. Two aquifers of fine-grained and coarse-grained sandstones were detected in low-permeability thickness of Sheshma formation. The aquifers are not hydraulically connected and are separated from each other by a 40 m thick layer of water-resistant mudstones. Groundwater is deposited as strata with Neumann's boundary conditions, orientated sublatitudinally, from west to east. The obtained data can be further used to solve the issues of water supply within the area under study and the rational use of these waters.
Combustion in a chamber furnace with a tangentially swirling vortex
Authors: Gil Andrey V. , Maltsev Kirill I. , Abramov Nikita V. , Zavorin Alexander S. , Starchenko Alexander V.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The need to analyze the furnace processes in boiler units with vertical vortex when arranging pulverized coal combustion with the enhancement of environmental parameters through the installation of tertiary blast nozzles. Despite the carbon-free policy in modern power engineering coal remains one of the main sources of energy, so the reconstruction of boiler units in order to reduce harmful emissions is very relevant. Aim. To study aerodynamics and combustion processes of pulverized coal fuel in the furnace chamber of a boiler unit with a tangential arrangement of burner devices using a combustion scheme with tertiary air blowing. Methods. The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach was applied to numerical study of flow characteristics, heat transfer and combustion in a furnace with a tangential burner arrangement. Also, k-ε model of gas turbulence, particle-turbulence interaction, diffusion model of particle dispersion, P-1 radiation modeling method and pulverized coal particle combustion model based on global particle kinetics and experimental data were used for numerical calculations. Results. Based on numerical calculations and analysis, the dependences of combustion product concentrations, temperature, hydrodynamics at combustion of Kuznetsky coal grade D in the furnace chamber with tangential arrangement of burners for brown coal, as well as at installation of tertiary blast nozzles have been obtained. Insufficient redistribution of air between burners and tertiary nozzles is revealed, as for maintenance of stable twist of vertical vortex and accordingly presence of high values of velocities at the outlet of burner devices it is not possible to increase the portion of tertiary air without reconstruction of burners. It is also established that the volume of the furnace chamber below the burners is poorly involved in heat exchange.
Changes in conditions of interaction of ground, river and swamp water during swamping of the West Siberian plain in the Holocene
Authors: Savichev Oleg G.
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The need to understand and long-term forecast the conditions of interaction between groundwater, river and swamp waters in the Ob River basin. Aim. To identify patterns of changes in the conditions of interaction of groundwater, river and swamp waters during swamping of the flat part of the Ob River basin in the Holocene. Methods. Mathematical modeling methods, statistical methods, geographical-hydrological method. Results and conclusions. The author has carried out an analysis of materials from long-term hydrogeological and hydrological observations in the wetlands of the Ob basin and studied the hydrodynamic and geochemical conditions for interaction of groundwater, river and swamp waters. It is shown that the emergence and evolution of swamp ecosystems in the territory under consideration is a complex of erosion-accumulation processes, the development of which until the modern period took place in three stages: 1) from the beginning of intense degradation of glaciation to 4...6 thousand years ago is the formation of a primary hydrographic network approximately modern appearance, distribution of peat bogs; the groundwater regime is close to the groundwater regime of the permafrost zone in the north of modern Western Siberia; 2) from 4...6 thousand years ago to 1.5...3 thousand years ago is large-scale distribution of lowland swamps and degradation of part of the primary river network; groundwater levels in river watersheds are generally lower than at present, but the amplitude of their fluctuations is high; a significant part of the watersheds are flooded during high water and floods, and underflooded during low water periods; 3) from 1.5...3 thousand years ago is degradation of a significant part of the primary river network, wide distribution of raised swamps, formation of a secondary hydrographic network in the swamps; at watersheds, groundwater levels rise, but the amplitude of their fluctuations decreases, and water exchange with swamps is significantly reduced; in the valleys of medium and large rivers, water exchange between surface and groundwater is most intense, which causes the flow of significant amounts of organic substances and products of their transformation into river and groundwater from swamps. Scenarios of possible changes in the conditions of interaction between surface and groundwater were assessed.
Percepção da equipe de enfermagem da atenção primária sobre o cuidado da saúde mental do idoso dependente : um estudo qualitativo
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Carvalho Camila Cristina de , Saidel Maria Giovana Borges ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: February 2024

Introdução: Com o aumento da população idosa, os declínios na capacidade física e mental podem limitar o autocuidado do indivíduo, diminuindo a participação da vida em sociedade. Considerando a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) como porta de entrada ao Sistema de Saúde, torna-se um lugar de privilégio para implementar e garantir ações de saúde mental, já que está no território do indivíduo. Objetivo: Compreender as percepções de profissionais de enfermagem da APS sobre o cuidado da saúde mental do idoso dependente. Método: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa de caráter interpretativo, sustentado pela Teoria de Enfermagem dos Sistemas Abertos Interatuantes de Imogene King. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de entrevista semiestruturada com profissionais da enfermagem da APS de uma cidade de grande porte do interior de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por oito profissionais da enfermagem, sendo seis enfermeiros e dois técnicos. Adotou-se como análise de dados, a análise temática de conteúdo e posterior categorização temática. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, com o número do CAAE: 52301721.2.0000.5404. Resultados: A partir da análise emergiram três temas: (1) Invisibilidade do idoso dependente, relacionado às ações de saúde para essa população; (2) Habilidades e competências da equipe de enfermagem sobre o cuidado em saúde mental, perspectiva dos profissionais sobre o manejo psíquico; (3) Barreiras no cuidado da Saúde Mental em idosos dependentes, desafio para os profissionais e idosos na saúde mental. Conclusão: Através do estudo compreendemos que o cuidado em saúde mental apresenta um caráter biomédico, procedimental e medicamentoso. Além disso, os profissionais se sentem desconfortáveis no manejo do paciente em sofrimento psíquico, levando a uma relação de poder entre enfermeiro e sujeito. Desse modo, o uso de uma Teoria de Enfermagem, pode auxiliar o profissional a conduzir o paciente durante esse processo.
Vitamin D, Body Mass Index, and Total Lymphocyte Count in Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Banjarmasin
Authors: Riefani Soraya , Juhairina Juhairina , Isa Mohamad , Kusumawardhani Erna , Haryati Haryati , Syam Shaogi , Nurrasyidah Ira
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem that causes high morbidity and mortality. Based on its classification, TB is divided into drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant (DR). Several risk factors susceptible to TB are malnutrition with low body mass index (BMI), vitamin D deficiency (VDD), and low total lymphocyte count (TLC) related to low immune status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between vitamin D (VD), BMI, and TLC in the TB population in Banjarmasin.
Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The total study sample was 42 patients, confirmed by rapid molecular testing, who had not been treated for TB in Banjarmasin from January to May 2023 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi-Square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used to see the relationship between VD, BMI, and TLC in DS TB and DR TB.
Results: The median age of DS TB was 38 (24-52) years old, and DR TB was 51 (37-58) years old. Most of the gender was male (24 patients/57.1%). There was a statistically significant difference between VD and BMI in DS TB and DR TB (p = 0.048; p = 0.019). There was a significant relationship between VD and TLC in DS TB and DR TB (p = 0.048).
Conclusion: VD and BMI significantly differed in DS TB and DR TB. There was a significant correlation between VD and TLC in TB patients.
Thymoma Profile at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital: Does Thymoma Size Really Affect Distant Metastasis?
Authors: Thomas Novita Silvana , Fahlevie Fahlevie , Setijadi Ana Rima , Widiastuti Widiastuti , Rakhma Sastia
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Size is a predictor factor of a patient’s prognosis and metastasis in solid tumors. This study determined the relationship between thymoma size and distant metastasis.
Methods: A cohort retrospective study using medical record data was conducted at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, from January 2019 to August 2021. Of 1,430 thoracic oncology patients, 150 (10%) had mediastinal mass with thymoma as the majority (48.6%). About 73 thymoma patients were included. The size of the thymoma was the dependent variable, and the metastasis (distant and non-distant) was the independent variable. The cut-off point of thymoma size was determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The correlation of thymoma size with distant metastasis was analyzed with the Chi-Square test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Thymoma was predominated by males (53.4%), the mean age was 43 ± 16 years old, and dyspnea was the most common symptom. Metastatic lesions were found in 87.7% of the patients, and the most common metastatic sites were intrathoracic (79.5%), followed by axillary lymph nodes (49.3%), bone (21.9%), liver (20.5%), and brain (1.4%). The cut-off value of thymoma size was 8.25 cm, indicating that >8.25 cm was categorized as large thymoma. Distant metastasis was found in 86.0% of large thymoma patients. The large tumors tend to spread into various sites (OR = 5.39; 95% CI 2.8-32.6; p = 0.002).  
Conclusion: Thymoma must be taken into account when there are male patients in their forties presented with dyspnea and mediastinal mass. The cut-off point of 8.25 cm for the thymoma size can predict distant metastasis.
Needle Aspiration in Tuberculosis-Associated Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Candrawati Ni Wayan , Indraswari Putu Gita , Komalasari Ni Luh Gede Yoni
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The management of tuberculosis-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly requires chest tube insertion for complete drainage and resolution. We reported a case of tuberculosis-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax that improved with needle aspiration.
Case: A 29-year-old female with pulmonary tuberculosis presented with sudden onset shortness of breath. Chest examination revealed asymmetry, decreased vocal fremitus, hypersonor, and decreased vesicular sound in the right lung field. Chest radiograph showed right pneumothorax with a 2 cm intrapleural distance. Needle aspiration was performed because the patient refused chest tube insertion. The first needle aspiration evacuated approximately 615 cc of air. The second needle aspiration was repeated 24 hours later due to clinical deterioration, and 610 cc of air was evacuated. Chest radiograph evaluation on the 6th day of treatment showed no pneumothorax. During hospitalization, the patient received oxygen therapy, anti-tuberculosis drugs, chest physiotherapy, and other symptomatic therapies such as mucolytics. The patient's condition improved, and she was discharged on the 9th day of hospitalization. Tuberculosis-associated secondary pneumothorax occurs in 1-3% of cases.
Conclusion: Needle aspiration is a therapeutic modality for tuberculosis-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. This modality has several advantages, including shorter length of stay, less cost and pain, and fewer complications. Needle aspiration combined with oxygen therapy, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and chest physiotherapy should be the modality of treatment for tuberculosis-associated secondary pneumothorax.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among Indonesian Adults Hospitalized with Pneumonia
Authors: Akhmad Afan Fatkhur , Ulfa Maria , Azuma Momoyo
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Pneumonia continues to be a global issue with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Increased multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pneumonia, aging populations, chronically ill patients, and inadequate initial antibiotic therapy increase hospitalized pneumonia patients' morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the microbiological pattern and choose a therapy based on local antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
Methods: From January 2020 to December 2022, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized pneumonia patients at Haji General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data from medical records were gathered to illustrate patient features, bacterial culture, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. This study included 172 patients. In this study, no specific statistical analysis was performed. The data were reported as a percentage (%). 
Results: The patients were mostly 56-65 years old (36.6%) and male (55.2%). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (17.3%), and the others were diabetes mellitus (14.0%), cerebral vascular attack (CVA) (10.7%), and coronavirus infection (8.9%). Based on the sputum culture, the bacteria identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (15.7%), and Escherichia coli (11.6%).  The most common bacteria isolated from sputum cultures was Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was more susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. 
Conclusion: Only amikacin was an antibiotic susceptible to four primary pathogens. Rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were high, and these empiric antibiotics should be used with caution in these patients.
Pneumoascariasis: Ascaris Worm Infestation in the Lungs
Authors: Widiastara Antonio Ayrton , Ferreira Esmeraldito , Basuki Sukmawati
Published: February 2024

Pneumoascariasis is an infestation from one of the most common worms or helminths found on earth in the respiratory system. The worm is called Ascaris lumbricoides, which penetrates and infests the human body through the fecal-oral process. The fertilized Ascaris ova, or simply egg, would develop into larvae, which then move to the liver and lungs through the portal vein system. These larvae will soon develop into mature worms in the human respiratory system, inside the lungs, particularly in the bronchioles. These Ascaris larvae trigger common symptoms such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. To diagnose this condition, supplementary examinations are necessary since it is difficult to diagnose only by history taking and some physical exams. Additional exams include chest X-rays that, at one point, display lung infiltration. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan shows ground-glass opacity and a classic inflammation marker called Charcot-Leyden crystals that are most likely present. Pneumoascariasis is often misinterpreted and misdiagnosed. Therefore, this literature review was made to further understand about pneumoascariasis.
Emerging Role of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: Wesnawa Made Agustya Darma Putra , Asmara Oke Dimas , Supadmanaba I Gede Putu
Published: February 2024

Precision medicine is the current approach to managing chronic respiratory diseases, especially asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It involves the evaluation of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variations for each patient. It requires valid and specific biomarkers obtained through genetic studies, biomolecular technology, and omics-based technology to determine targeted therapies. Asthma and COPD have heterogeneous clinical phenotype variations, and giving one standard treatment for asthma and COPD may not necessarily provide the same effectiveness to other patients. The endotype, a specific molecular mechanism in disease pathogenesis, is essential in phenotype variation. The role of precision medicine in asthma and COPD is to determine endotypes through specific biomarkers and to provide specific targeted therapy for achieving personalized treatment in each patient. The application of precision medicine not only provides precise diagnosis and treatment but also enables early detection in individuals at risk and prevention of progression and exacerbation in asthma and COPD.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO ÓXIDO NÍTRICO NO DESEMPENHO E NA FISIOLOGIA DO EXERCÍCIO
Authors: Alves Campos Carneiro Júlia
Published: February 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O Oxido Nítrico (NO) é uma molécula com diversas funções do organismo humano. Essa molécula, produzida pelas células endoteliais, é de grande relevância no controle do tônus muscular vascular, tanto em relação à resistência periférica vascular quanto na agregação plaquetária, uma vez que se trata de um potente vasodilatador com papel importante na regulação da pressão arterial. Em se tratando da atividade física, o NO tem sido considerado um fator de melhora no desempenho atlético desportivo. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da importância e da relação do óxido nítrico (NO) no desempenho e na fisiologia do exercício. METODOLOGIA: Esta revisão foi desenvolvida por meio da busca de artigos indexados, estudos longitudinais, transversais e ensaios clínicos, no qual foram encontrados 100 artigos no período de 2010 a 2021. Dos 100 periódicos, 5 foram selecionados para a revisão sistemática da literatura. RESULTADOS: Dentre os principais resultados encontrados devido ao treinamento pode-se citar diminuição do déficit autonômico cardíaco; aumento da vasodilatação muscular e homeostase fisiológica. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma positiva entre relação entre exercício físico, oxido nítrico e a melhoria fisiológica do ser humano. Palavras-chave: ÓXIDO NÍTRICO. EXERCÍCIO. FISIOLOGIA.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE CERATITE NO BRASIL DE 2018 A 2022
Authors: Gomes Ferreira Filho Marcio Adriano , Fernandes de Morais Neto Joaquim , De Santana Costa Danillo , Coelho da Silva Cruz Sabryna , De Carvalho Leite Noely , Silva Luz Josué Júnior
Published: February 2024

Introdução: A ceratite é uma inflamação da córnea, que pode ser causada por uma infecção bacteriana, viral ou fúngica, bem como por danos físicos, como hemorragia na córnea ou exposição a substâncias irritantes. Essa inflamação pode levar a uma variedade de sintomas e complicações, dependendo da gravidade do caso. Existem dois tipos principais de ceratite: ceratite infecciosa, causada por uma infecção bacteriana, viral ou fúngica Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma arguição do casos de Ceratite no Brasil de 2018 a 2022 bem como propor medidas profiláticas em relação a essa doença Metodologia: Consiste em um estudo epidemiológico de natureza descritiva, realizado por meio da coleta de dados anuais referentes ao período entre 2018 até 2022, no Brasil, disponibilizado pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). As variáveis coletadas para análise epidemiológica da ceratite no Brasil incluem número de internações, ano de processamento, sexo, faixa etária, relacionadas ao capítulo IV do CID-10, especificamente na lista de morbilidade hospitalar por ceratite (CID10-H16). Resultados: Identificou-se um total de 27376 casos confirmados, com maior incidência em homens e adultos (20 a 59 anos)O Sudeste foi a região com mais notificações. Conclusão: A ceratite é uma condição ocular que pode ser causada por infecções bacterianas, virais ou fúngicas, bem como por danos físicos à córnea.Palavras-chave: Ceratite. Córnea. Visão. Epidemiologia
Computer simulation of operation plant effective modes for water disinfection by electrical discharges in gas bubbles
Authors: Boiko M. I. , Tatkova K. S.
Published: February 2024

Purpose. Determination by means of computer simulation of the most efficient modes of operation of the installation for water disinfection using discharges in gas bubbles, in which (modes) the amplitude of voltage pulses at the processing unit and on the layer of treated water is not less than the voltage amplitude immediately after the switching discharger. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we used computer simulation using Micro-Cap 10. We used two different electrical circuits that simulate the operation of the experimental setup in two different modes: in a mode with a restoring electrical strength of the discharge gap in the gas bubble between two adjacent voltage pulses on the discharge node and in the mode without restoring this dielectric strength. In computer simulation, we varied the following factors: the maximum simulation step, inductances, capacitances, active resistances, wave resistance of a long line, and the delay time for the operation of a spark gap simulating a discharge gap in a gas bubble. Results. Computer modeling has shown that in order to increase the voltage amplitude at the treatment unit and on the layer of treated water, it is necessary to reduce the load capacitance – the capacitance of the water layer in the treatment unit to 10 pF or less, to increase the active resistance of the water layer to 500 W or more. An important factor for increasing the voltage and electric field strength in the discharge unit and, consequently, for increasing the efficiency of treated water disinfection is the discharge delay time in gas bubbles. The most rational delay time for the operation of the arrester, which is the gap in the gas bubble inside the water, under the conditions considered by us is 4–5 ns. It is with this delay time that the amplitude of voltage pulses at the node of disinfecting water treatment and on the layer of treated water is maximum, all other things being equal. Furthermore, with such a delay time this amplitude of voltage pulses significantly exceeds the voltage amplitude directly after the main high-voltage discharger, switching energy from the high-voltage capacitive storage to the processing unit through a long line filled with water. Originality. Using computer simulation, we have shown the possibility of increasing the voltage at the discharge unit of the experimental setup by 35 % without increasing the voltage of the power source. This provides a higher efficiency of microbiological disinfection of water by nanosecond discharges in gas bubbles and lower specific energy consumption. Practical value. The obtained results of computer simulation confirm the prospect of industrial application of installations using nanosecond discharges for disinfection and purification of wastewater, swimming pools and post-treatment of tap water.
Femoral Nailing in a Porcine Model Causes Bone Marrow Emboli in the Lungs and Systemic Emboli in the Heart and Brain
Authors: Kristiansen Steinar , Jarmund Anders Hagen , Hilmo Jonas , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Leth-Olsen Martin , Nyrnes Siri Ann , Nilsen Bent Aksel , Grønli Renathe Henriksen , Faldaas Bjørn Ove , Storm Benjamin , Espenes Arild , Nielsen Erik Waage
Published: February 2024

Background:

Shaft fractures of the femur are commonly treated with intramedullary nailing, which can release bone marrow emboli into the bloodstream. Emboli can travel to the lungs, impairing gas exchange and causing inflammation. Occasionally, emboli traverse from the pulmonary to the systemic circulation, hindering perfusion and resulting in injuries such as heart and brain infarctions, known as fat embolism syndrome. We studied the extent of systemic bone marrow embolization in a pig model.

Methods:

Twelve anesthetized pigs underwent bilateral intramedullary nailing of the femur, while 3 animals served as sham controls. Monitoring included transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, arterial blood pressure measurement, and blood gas and troponin-I analysis. After surgery, animals were monitored for 240 minutes before euthanasia. Post mortem, the heart, lungs, and brain were biopsied.

Results:

Bone marrow emboli were found in the heart and lungs of all 12 of the pigs that underwent intramedullary nailing and in the brains of 11 of them. No emboli were found in the sham group. The pigs subjected to intramedullary nailing exhibited significant hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 ratio, 410 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI), 310 to 510) compared with the sham group (594 mm Hg [95% CI, 528 to 660]). The nailing group exhibited ST-segment alterations consistent with myocardial ischemia and a significant increase in the troponin-I level compared with the sham group (1,580 ng/L [95% CI, 0 to 3,456] versus 241 ng/L [95% CI, 0 to 625] at the 240-minute time point; p = 0.005). TEE detected emboli in the right ventricular outflow tract, but not systemically, in the nailing group.

Conclusions:

Bilateral intramedullary nailing caused bone marrow emboli in the lungs and systemic emboli in the heart and brain in this pig model. The observed clinical manifestations were consistent with coronary and pulmonary emboli. TEE detected pulmonary but not systemic embolization.

Clinical Relevance:

Femoral intramedullary nailing in humans is likely to result in embolization as described in our pig model. Focused monitoring is necessary for detection of fat embolism syndrome. Absence of visual emboli in the left ventricle on TEE does not exclude the occurrence of systemic bone marrow emboli.
Characterising earth scent
Authors: Busby Ryan , Conrady Morgan , Jo Kyoo , Cropek Donald
Published: February 2024

Rationale. Earth scent is the odour emitted from soils. This scent, primarily comprising the alcohols geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), has not been fully characterised, but offers high potential for use as an environmental interrogation tool. Methodology. We utilised our field- based, solid-phase microextraction fibre method to test the hypothesis that soil activity and soil property variation can be detected in situ by comparing biogenic volatile emissions. Results. We eliminated sources of error utilising field-based sampling with these fibres, concluding that room temperature storage for up to 7 days is acceptable with minimal loss. Variation in individual fibre affinity for both compounds was higher than expected but no measured concentrations were observed to constitute outliers. Disturbance of minor soil volumes led to significantly higher emission of both compounds over background levels. Soil texture and soil cover had a significant effect on the emission of both compounds. Simulated rainfall, producing the characteristic odour known as petrichor, initiates elevated emission of geosmin. Background (undisturbed soil) concentrations of MIB were occasionally detectable during some sampling events, but geosmin concentrations in the air were always below detection limits without soil disturbance. Virtually all background and disturbed soil samples contained much higher concentrations of MIB compared to geosmin, but geosmin variation between replicates and experimental units was much lower. Discussion. Soil disturbance and soil property variation can be remotely detected using emission of volatile compounds. Correlating emission from the soil with respect to disturbance events and environmental properties could yield a powerful new tool for acquiring soil information.
Economic Independence of Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Islamic Boarding School and Kiai Abd. Majid Bin Abd. Hamid Thought
Authors: Ridho Muhammad Izul , Amien Moh. Makinun
Published: February 2024

Currently, many academics and researchers are worried about the condition of education in Indonesia, due to the increasing burden of education costs and the increasing number of educational institutions that are managed with a commercial system. Where the system causes discrimination in the provision of services to students. However, on the other hand, it turns out that the economic need to maximize services continues to increase along with the development of science and technology. So it is deemed necessary to read educational institutions that are able to provide maximum service at a relatively affordable cost. In other words, it is necessary to read educational institutions that are economically independent so that they can be used as lessons for other educational institutions. In this article, it is described that the Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Islamic Boarding School which was founded by Kiai Abd. Majid bin Abd. Hamid since its inception until now can be categorized as an economically independent pesantren. The management system from the beginning was based on the thoughts of Kiai Abd. Majid that the founder or owner has the main responsibility for meeting the needs of the educational institution he founded. Therefore, when establishing the pesantren, Kiai Abd. Majid also opened several shops. The thoughts of Kiai Abd. Majid was continued and perfected by his successors to this day. Currently, the Finance Bureau and Muba Group have been formed which support and manage the economy of the Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Islamic Boarding School
IN VITRO MEAT INDUSTRY: LEGAL ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURE AND CONSUMPTION IN FIQIH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Asmadin Asmadin
Published: February 2024

The development of science and technology has had a major impact on all industries, especially the livestock industry . The development of processed meat from animal cells without going through cultivation is part of the convenience that is influenced by this science. Processed meat is termed in vitro. However, this has become a polemic regarding the halal status of consuming meat produced from the processing of animal cells. Because the in vitro meat industry is still relatively new. The research aims to provide answers to the above problems based on the views of fiqh, so that it can be used as a reference for many people about in vitro meat. The method in this study uses library research or library research. While the analysis uses content analysis. As for the research results from this article, it is legal to make in vitro meat or artificial meat from animal cells permissible. Because there is no argument against this action, apart from that this industry is also part of the development of science. While the law consumes it is also lawful. This halalness must be based on animal cells that will be used as the development of meat originating from animals that are also halal to eat.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANK MEGA AND BANK MEGA SYARIAH USING THE CAMEL APPROACH DURING THE CREDIT RESTRUCTURING PERIOD
Authors: Uswatun Hasanah Rosyida , Arif Nurohman Yulfan
Published: February 2024

The government implemented the credit restructuring policy to save business actors from fulfilling their obligations to banks. Banking manages financial performance during Covid-19 to maintain assets. This study aims to compare financial performance between Bank Mega and Bank Mega Syariah with the method of analysis techniques Capital, Assets, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity (CAMEL).The samples of this research are 2 banks, namely mega banks and mega sharia banks, registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The research data was obtained through annual reports which have been published for the period 2020 to 2022. The data analysis results show a significant difference between the performance of mega banks and mega Islamic banks when assessed from the CAR, ROA, and BOPO ratios. In addition, the study's results also show no significant difference between the performance of mega banks and mega Islamic banks when assessed from the NPL, and LDR ratio.Keywords : Financial Performance, CAMEL, Islamic Banks, Comparison
THE INDEPENCE OF PESANTREN IN THE DEVELPOMENT OF HALAL ECOSYSTEMS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF REGULATIONS IN MTA PUTRI AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN THE PREPECTIVE OF MASLAHAH
Authors: Indung Amalia Wilda , Nahidloh Shofiyun
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is a country where the majority are Muslims, Islamic boarding schools are educationalinstitutions that have developed in Indonesia, analyzing the development of halal ecosystems in the Islamicboarding school area, especially in the form of independence that we can see in terms of the economy,education and also the application of regulations applied in the Islamic boarding school. The independenceof Islamic boarding schools is a reinforcing part for the existence of a halal ecosystem in the Islamicboarding school area, with the existence of education, economy and policies implemented, it becomes astrengthening in the development of the halal ecosystem in the Islamic boarding school area itself. Thisstudy aims to determine how the form of application of regulations as a form of independence of MTATahfidz Putri Al-Amien and also to find out how the form of application of regulations as a form ofindependence that exists in MTA Putri Al-Amien in the perspective of maslahah.This research usesqualitative methods and uses an empirical qualitative approach method. The data sources obtainedthrough primary and secondary data, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations anddocumentation. The results obtained in this study state that the independence of MTA Putri AL-Amienfrom the aspect of the field of application of regulations or policies issued by the caregivers and ranks ofMTA Putri Al-Amien is part of strengthening the halal ecosystem in the pesantren area.Keywords: Halal Ecosystem, Islamic Boarding School, Form of Islamic Boarding SchoolIndependence
Casing Runnability Indicator While Drilling: Adaptive Threading of Engineering with Real Time Data
Authors: Samuel Robello , Kumar Kiran , Nakhle Amol
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to track and predict the best way to run the casing string while the specific hole segment of the well is drilled. Several variables with estimated indications are monitored in real-time, and a comprehensive index is used to measure the runnability of the casing. An evaluation of whether the casing can be run without a short landing is provided by the approach created by combining geometrical and mechanical parameter calculations. This gives the opportunity to make more modifications while the well is being drilled.

Generally speaking, the borehole quality used to run the casing has an impact on the "smoothness" that links the wellbore geometry and mechanical system used to drill the portion of the well. It is feasible to determine the runnability of the casing for a particular hole size using complex equations represented with common sense and real-time drilling parameters. Wellbore tortuosity, borehole torsion, wellprofile energy, casing push through force, margin of slackoff force, and overpull margin all work together to facilitate the assessment of a suggested wellpath in order to ascertain the runnability of the casing. For operations like running casing in curve building sections or to total depth on lengthy laterals, combining operational experience and trajectory parameters in a methodology has shown to be an effective way to estimate operational risk. Furthermore, this study addresses the ways in which the runnability metrics can be adjusted in realtime with actual drilling and survey details. Furthermore, this study addresses the ways in which runnability measurements can be used to predict or identify other difficulties, such as intricate stimulation tasks, artificial lift functionality, and potential well servicing issues that could result from undesired curvature, borehole torsion, and wellbore drift.
Lifua-A: An Enhanced Methodology for Installing a Stacked Template Structure (STS) With a Jack-Up Rig
Authors: Naive Philamer T. , Ardian Iwan , Costa Susana , Ariyo Adeolu , Desai Amit , Kettless Glen E.
Published: February 2024

This paper describes the new methodologies, complex engineering work, and fit-for-purpose processes that were adapted in the design, fabrication, load-out, and installation of the heaviest and largest stacked template structure (STS) installed by a jack-up rig to date.

Lifua is one of the marginal fields within the Block 0 concession in offshore Angola. The development plan for these marginal fields requires short-cycle and cost-effective designs to be economically feasible. Utilizing a minimum functional objective approach, Lifua-A was planned as a proof-of-concept for this strategy which involves a repeatable solution developing a standard wellhead platform design, standard well designs and a factory-repeatable platform fabrication, installation and well execution process.

The STS design was the selected solution for the development of the Lifua field. This rig-installable platform design was first developed and installed in offshore Indonesia in 1995 with slots for three wells and rated for 150 ft of water depth. Lifua-A STS is a ten-well platform with a planned installation at a water depth of 205 ft. As a result, a new enhanced STS design and installation procedure was required. As the structural design work and fabrication progressed, the technical requirements for the jack-up rig were also developed. Upon contracting the rig, detailed engineering work was undertaken to modify the rig's cantilever system to meet the lifting and installation requirements of the STS modules. The upgrade increased the rig's cantilever longitudinal skidding capability to 85 ft with a lifting capacity of 400MT. In addition, engineering work was carried out to size and install a hydraulic hammer on the rig floor to drive the 42-in. and 36-in. conductors. Finally, the laying of the subsea flexible production flowline, thermoplastic composite water injection pipeline, and subsea power cable were all engineered in a way where they could be pulled in and up the STS platform from the rig floor utilizing a drillpipe-sling assembly and a winch cable.

The installation of the Lifua-A STS was executed according to plan, achieving the short-cycle objective by delivering the project within three years from FID to first oil. In addition, the project planning and execution was successfully carried out during the COVID pandemic. One key success factor was having the cross-functional groups working together as one team, from the development of the design to fabricating the structures and actual offshore installation. Lifua-A unlocked the marginal reserves of the Lifua field by stretching the limit of the application of the STS. This success opens the possibility of utilizing the same solution to other similar marginal fields.
Well Construction in the Era of Big Data: It's not Data Analytics, It's Engineering with Data
Authors: Payette G. S. , Bailey J. R. , Pastusek P. E. , Witt-Doerring Y. , Kostov N. , Shukla K. , Haugen S. G.
Published: February 2024

In this paper we make the case that data science captures value in well construction when data analysis methods, such as machine learning, are underpinned by first principles derived from physics and engineering and supported by deep domain expertise.

Despite receiving wide attention in recent years, many organizations currently struggle to derive value from their data science efforts. In our experience, disappointment arises for a multitude of reasons, which we discuss in detail. Key issues that often hinder value capture include poor data management, challenges in working with WITSML data, lack of well construction domain expertise by data science teams, inadequate use of physics and engineering and failure to adopt data science solutions into existing or new well construction workflows.

Although by no means comprehensive, we provide a summary of important data that pertains to the well construction process. We further discuss high-level areas where data science can add value to well construction through analysis of such data. Data science initiatives typically fit within at least one of the following categories: Historical Studies, Well Planning, Real-Time Well Construction Execution and Post-Drill Learning Capture. Historical studies are often good places for data science teams to initially focus their efforts. However, as insights are drawn and potential for value is shown, organizations should consider extending capabilities developed to carry-out historical studies to support well planning and real-time well construction execution workflows.

A large portion of this paper is dedicated to discussing ways that organizations can work to improve their abilities to derive value from data science efforts. Most of the discussion focuses on steps that data science teams can take today. However, our commentary on data management and governance is more forward looking. Important topics which we cover include:

Data management and governance. Serving data to data scientists. Working with WITSML data. Basic skills and technologies needed by data science teams. Importance of building common capabilities for working with data. Need for physics and engineering to inform data analysis. Importance of identifying data quality issues. Importance of activity-based data filtering when working with WITSML data. Dysfunction detection using WITSML data. Application of statistics and machine learning.

We conclude by examining several historical data science case studies for well construction. Each example highlights the need to connect data and some physical or engineering process (i.e., "engineering with data") to deliver value through data science.