bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wireless Magnetic Robot for Precise Hierarchical Control of Tissue Deformation
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhao Zhi , Han Joonsu , Sharma Arvin Ardebili , Wang Hua , Zhang Xiaojia Shelly
Published: July 2024

Mechanotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for tissue injury. However, existing robots for mechanotherapy are often designed on intuition, lack remote and wireless control, and have limited motion modes. Herein, through topology optimization and hybrid fabrication, wireless magneto‐active soft robots are created that can achieve various modes of programmatic deformations under remote magnetic actuation and apply mechanical forces to tissues in a precise and predictable manner. These soft robots can quickly and wirelessly deform under magnetic actuation and are able to deliver compressing, stretching, shearing, and multimodal forces to the surrounding tissues. The design framework considers the hierarchical tissue‐robot interaction and, therefore, can design customized soft robots for different types of tissues with varied mechanical properties. It is shown that these customized robots with different programmable motions can induce precise deformations of porcine muscle, liver, and heart tissues with excellent durability. The soft robots, the underlying design principles, and the fabrication approach provide a new avenue for developing next‐generation mechanotherapy.
Sliding mode disturbance compensated speed control for PMSM based on an advanced reaching law
Authors: Chen Chengming , Xie Zhizhong , Wang Xuan , Lei Zhengling , Shangguan Chunxia
Published: July 2024

Addressing the sensitivity of permanent magnet synchronous motors to external disturbances, a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) strategy is proposed to suppress sliding mode jitter and enhance speed regulation performance. First, an advanced nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) surface and a new adaptive power rate reaching law (NAPRRL) were developed. A new switching function replaces the conventional sign function to enhance the system's disturbance immunity and dynamic response speed. Then, the system's anti‐interference performance was further enhanced by introducing an improved novel sliding mode observer (INSMO) for feedback compensation of the aggregate disturbance. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validations demonstrate that the NSMC control strategy exhibits superior performance in both the start‐up response and load disturbance phases, with enhanced dither resistance, rapid dynamic response, and disturbance suppression capabilities.
Three‐Dimensional Porous Spongy Ti3C2Tx MXene/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Agar Gel Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity Enables Highly Reversible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Chun , Zhang Wenxin , Zhang Jinmei , Zhao Xiaojing , Xu Chunyan , Yang Liying , Jiang Ningyi , Yin Shougen
Published: July 2024

Gel electrolyte is one of the key components of flexible energy storage devices. The construction of a three‐dimensional (3D) porous gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is a very effective strategy to improve the performance of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, porous polyvinyl alcohol‐Agar‐sodium dodecyl sulfate‐MXene‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (denoted as PVA‐Agar‐SDS‐MXene‐DMSO (PASMD)) gel electrolyte with double network is prepared through one‐pot method by adding two‐dimensional (2D) MXene to improve its ionic conductivity and DMSO to increase its low‐temperature resistance. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared PASMD gel electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity of 50.63 mS cm−1 realizes the gradient induction and redistribution of Zn2+, which drives oriented Zn (002) plane deposition of Zn2+ and then achieves uniform Zn deposition and dendrite‐free anode. The specific capacity of the assembled flexible Zn//PASMD//β‐MnO2 battery can reach 205 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. It also exhibits good performance both at room temperature and −20 °C with stable cyclic stability for more than 1000 h. After 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, the assembled flexible battery stabilizes at 67 mAh g−1. This work provides an alternative pathway for the development of high‐performance gel electrolytes with low‐temperature resistance and high‐ionic conductivity for flexible ZIBs.
Experimental comparison of solar‐powered adsorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting using air‐to‐air & water‐to‐air heat exchanger for condensation
Authors: Agrawal Anshu , Kumar Amit
Published: July 2024

Adsorption‐focused technologies for atmospheric water harvesting is of great importance. Most of the available systems in the literature use glass as a condenser, which gets heated up. This restricts vapor condensation to harvest less water and hampers the system's scalability. The effectiveness of the proposed solar atmospheric water harvesting system, which uses an air‐to‐air fin‐tube heat exchanger to condense the vapors, is experimentally evaluated in this work. In order to assess the system's effectiveness using a water‐to‐air fin‐tube heat exchanger, a comparison study is also carried out. The experimental setup consists of evacuated tube solar air heater having 8.46 m2 area and 15 kg silica gel adsorbent. The performance metrics for comparison include adsorption & regeneration rate, thermal, overall and exergy efficiency, along with economic analyses. The system harvests 1890 mL/day of water using air‐to‐air heat exchanger at cost of 0.19 $/l, achieving thermal, overall & exergy efficiencies of 21.66%, 2.24%, and 6.51%, respectively. On the other hand, the water‐to‐air heat exchanger based system harvests maximum of 2680 mL/day of water at a cost of 0.14 $/l, achieving thermal, overall & exergy efficiencies of 25.65%, 3.34%, and 9.13%, respectively. Moreover, the produced water is confirmed to be safe for consumption.
Divergent changes in microbial communities and nutrients upon forest floor humus layer of the sandy Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in northeast of China
Authors: Wu Mengge , Cheng Zhiping , Jing Chunlin , Yan Lingyu , Meng Deling , Zhu Wenxu , Wei Yawei , Chen Zhenju
Published: July 2024

The sandy Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation which is the boundary part of the Three North Shelterbelt Project in Northeast China has been well protected and prohibited disturbance for more than 10 years and thus bring about lots of forest floor litter and then humus layer (complete decomposed aboveground litter and not mixed into surface soil) during this restoration process. While humus layer accumulation could change the interface between litter and soil, its effects on litter and soil, and especially the interaction among them, were still poorly understood. Hence, three different treatments that included remove all forest floor litter and humus, double forest floor litter and humus layer, and retain forest floor litter and humus original (no treatment) were conducted, and the physicochemistry properties and microbial communities were monitored. Results showed that the humus layer increased forest floor litter decomposition rate and its total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus significantly, while it changed soil pH and nutrients differently and slightly. The abundances of bacterial groups at different taxonomic levels increased while its diversity indexes decreased in litter when the humus layer existed; however, the fungi community both in litter and soil varied insignificantly. The humus layer not only increased remarkably the proportions of common OTUs between humus and litter, humus and soil compared to litter and soil both for fungi and bacteria but also decreased the differences of the number of fungal and bacterial taxa statistics between litter and soil. It implied that the humus layer could play an important role in the recovery process of degraded forest ecosystem.
Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO@ZnS Core–Shell Heterostructures for Malachite Green and Rhodamine B Dye Degradation
Authors: Phogat Peeyush , Shreya  , Jha Ranjana , Singh Sukhvir
Published: July 2024

The one‐step green synthesis of wide band gap zinc oxide@zinc sulfide (ZnO@ZnS) core–shell nanostructures offers promising prospects in wastewater treatment. These nanostructures exhibit a porous nature crucial for effective dye adsorption, as evidenced by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and microscopic characterization. The synthesized material demonstrates high stability and minimal agglomeration, verified through BET analysis and zeta potential measurements. X‐ray powder diffraction confirms the presence of ZnO and ZnS phases. Transmission electron microscopy reveals the development of porous nanorods on the core surface, maximizing the surface area for dye adsorption. In wastewater treatment, the nanostructures exhibit notable performance, degrading 90% of malachite green and 50% of rhodamine B dyes within 120 min under normal conditions. Detailed discussions delve into the degradation mechanism, elucidating the major species responsible for the process. This study underscores the potential of ZnO@ZnS nanostructures in efficient organic pollutant removal, marking a significant advancement in environmental remediation.
Reliability of ultrasound real‐time tissue elastography in evaluating swallowing‐related muscle elasticity and effects of swallowing exercises
Authors: Ota Tetsuo , Madokoro Sachiko , Shimizu Koshi , Yoneda Mitsugu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Evaluating swallowing function, essential for eating, is necessary to detect functional decline, enabling the provision of effective interventions. There is a growing demand for a simple method for evaluating swallowing dynamics. Conventional methods of evaluating swallowing function, such as the fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallowing study, are highly invasive and require specific equipment only available at certain hospitals, making it difficult for older adults to receive convenient evaluations. Therefore, we used ultrasound real‐time tissue elastography (RTE), a low‐invasive method, to evaluate tissue elasticity as the strain ratio (SR). This study primarily aimed to verify whether RTE can evaluate the elasticity of swallowing‐related muscles (SRMs) and determine intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of swallowing exercises, such as head‐lifting exercises, on SRM elasticity.

Methods

Intraclass correlation coefficients for SR were calculated using ultrasound B‐mode images to determine the reliability of SRM elasticity. SRs before and after the Shaker swallowing exercise were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

High ICCs for intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities were obtained for all targeted SRMs. SR after the Shaker exercise indicated a significant decrease in the geniohyoid muscle and both sides of the digastric muscles, whereas both sides of the masseter exhibited no changes.

Conclusion

RTE can be used as a novel simple and non‐invasive method for assessing and capturing differences in SRs of SRMs after light exercise. Further research may develop a relationship with swallowing function in patients with dysphagia or older individuals.
Die Institutionalisierung von Klimaräten durch Klimaschutzgesetzgebung
Authors: Schatz Valentin , Newig Jens , Pfeffer Janosch
Published: July 2024

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rolle von klimapolitischen Beratungsgremien (zusammenfassend als
Klimaräte bezeichnet) bei der Umsetzung von Klimaschutzzielen und -gesetzen. Er bietet zunächst
aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive einen konzeptionellen Überblick über solche Klimaräte,
ihre Funktionen und die Möglichkeit, sie als partizipative und deliberative Institutionen auszugestalten.
Im Anschluss unternimmt der Beitrag eine vergleichende rechtliche Analyse der Klimaräte, die auf den
Ebenen der Europäischen Union, des Bundes und der Länder in Klimaschutzgesetzen institutionalisiert
wurden. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf den Funktionen, der Zusammensetzung und den Aufgaben dieser Gremien.
Im Ergebnis nehmen sowohl die Zahl als auch der Grad der Institutionalisierung von Klimaräten zu. Es
verbleiben aber insbesondere auf Bundes- und, in noch größerem Umfang, auf Landesebene ungenutzte
Potenziale, was die institutionalisierte Einbindung der Klimaräte in die Klima-Governance und die Integration
stärker partizipativ-deliberativ ausgestalteter Formate angeht.
Controlling changes caused by holes by adding fibers to composite concrete components
Authors: Fathi Hamoon , Jannaty Mohammad Hemen
Published: July 2024

Crack propagation can be affected by the holes of the placement of rebars in the reinforced concrete and the resulting changes in the homogeneous structure of concrete. This experimental study aimed at investigating the fiber self-compacting concrete failure and crack propagation in concrete specimens with circular central holes and contain 2, 4, and 8 fiber percentages. The crack propagation mechanisms under the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete were studied by investigating the holes created by rebars buried in the reinforced concrete. Three concrete mix designs with different compressive strengths of 27, 30, and 33 MPa were used for detailed analysis of the fiber concrete behavior by 224 standard 150 mm cubic specimens. The results showed the insignificant impact of small holes with an approximate area of 1.4% of the specimen surface area on the failure structure so that crack propagation in this case was similar to that occurred in the hole-free concrete. The compressive strength of concrete decreased, by increasing the crack prorogation around the holes. The compressive strength of the concrete may be reduced significantly by increasing the hole diameter. Taking into account these factors in the design of the connection core can reduce the compressive strength of concrete by 30% depending on the rebar grid.
Carbon Cycles Through Plants More Quickly Than Expected
Authors: Ware Skyler
Published: July 2024

A radioactive isotope produced by nuclear weapons reveals that plants take up more carbon—but hold on to it for less time—than current climate models suggest.
Introducing the New Editor-in-Chief of the ESS Open Archive
Authors: Clement Kinney Jaclyn
Published: July 2024

Learn about the person taking the helm of the Earth and Space Science Open Archive and their vision for the coming years.
Inflammation in the COVID-19 airway is due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Caohuy Hung , Eidelman Ofer , Chen Tinghua , Mungunsukh Ognoon , Yang Qingfeng , Walton Nathan I. , Pollard Bette S. , Khanal Sara , Hentschel Shannon , Florez Catalina , Herbert Andrew S. , Pollard Harvey B.
Published: July 2024

SARS-CoV-2-contributes to sickness and death in COVID-19 patients partly by inducing a hyper-proinflammatory immune response in the host airway. This hyper-proinflammatory state involves activation of signaling by NFκB, and unexpectedly, ENaC, the epithelial sodium channel. Post-infection inflammation may also contribute to "Long COVID"/PASC. Enhanced signaling by NFκB and ENaC also marks the airway of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, a life-limiting proinflammatory genetic disease due to inactivating mutations in the CFTR gene. We therefore hypothesized that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway might similarly be due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and therefore activation of both NFκB and ENaC signaling. We used western blot and electrophysiological techniques, and an organoid model of normal airway epithelia, differentiated on an air–liquid-interface (ALI). We found that CFTR protein expression and CFTR cAMP-activated chloride channel activity were lost when the model epithelium was exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. As hypothesized, the absence of CFTR led to activation of both TNFα/NFκB signaling and α and γ ENaC. We had previously shown that the cardiac glycoside drugs digoxin, digitoxin and ouabain blocked interaction of spike protein and ACE2. Consistently, addition of 30 nM concentrations of the cardiac glycoside drugs, prevented loss of both CFTR protein and CFTR channel activity. ACE2 and CFTR were found to co-immunoprecipitate in both basal cells and differentiated epithelia. Thus spike-dependent CFTR loss might involve ACE2 as a bridge between Spike and CFTR. In addition, spike exposure to the epithelia resulted in failure of endosomal recycling to return CFTR to the plasma membrane. Thus, failure of CFTR recovery from endosomal recycling might be a mechanism for spike-dependent loss of CFTR. Finally, we found that authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection induced loss of CFTR protein, which was rescued by the cardiac glycoside drugs digitoxin and ouabain. Based on experiments with this organoid model of small airway epithelia, and comparisons with 16HBE14o- and other cell types expressing normal CFTR, we predict that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway may be mediated by inhibition of CFTR signaling by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thus inducing a cystic fibrosis-like clinical phenotype. To our knowledge this is the first time COVID-19 airway inflammation has been experimentally traced in normal subjects to a contribution from SARS-CoV-2 spike-dependent inhibition of CFTR signaling.
Wear assessment on AISI 410 steel by tempering process for constant load and speed sustainable applications
Authors: Sathish S. , Nagarajan Bala Murali , Kumar Rajesh , Yasin J. , Das A. Daniel , Seema Banu , Ram Ramaswamy
Published: July 2024

Stainless steels are readily available and inexpensively priced on the market. The reasonable corrosion resistance of AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel has made it a popular choice. Although it is not very ductile, AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel is very strong, robust, and resistant to wear. Due to their exceptional hardness and resistance to wear, martensitic stainless steels were favored for certain limited applications. Therefore tempering was chosen to improve the ductility by keeping stability in brittleness and hardness. The samples were underwent with tempering at 230°C, 430°C, 630°C and designated as T1, T2,T3 respectively. The samples were made cylindrical in shape with 12 mm diameter, length of 42 mm. A pin-on disc wear test instrument was used to assess the material's resistance to wear for all the samples. A sample that has not been treated is set aside for results comparison. All the samples were undergone with hardness measurement and Scanning electron microscope to examine the microstructure and the resulting data were compared.
Experimental & numerical investigation of heat transfer using twisted tapes with rectangular cuts
Authors: B Ch Nookaraju , Bharath Yadav Dhanuri , Raghavendar Kotholla , Varma Puneeth , Gugulothu Ravi Kumar , Suresh Aaluri , Muhamed Hayidr
Published: July 2024

The current work focuses on using rectangular inserts with water as the working fluid to investigate heat transfer experimentally and numerically in a horizontal circular tube [10]. The study considers variations in the number of rectangular slots within the same strip. The tube has dimensions of 0.0266 m diameter. Twisted tapes, featuring rectangular cuts, are constructed from a 3 mm thick Stainless-steel strip with a length of 1035 mm. For experimentation, two different types of rectangular inserts were considered: one with nine cuts and the other with eighteen cuts. The dimensions of the cuts were as follows: length of 1000 mm, width of 13 mm, depth of cut 8 mm, and thickness 3 mm. The heat flux applied to the horizontal tube was steady and uniform. The range of the Reynolds number was 9,000–19,000. A plain tube without an insert was used to compare the results. The horizontal tube along with rectangular insert was modelled in Ansys Fluent software with fine meshing and analysed. Initially, CFD analysis was done for plain tube with and without insert, and results have been verified by comparison with experimental values. A comprehensive comparison is established, evaluating different heat transfer parameters, including convective heat transfer coefficient (h), heat transfer rate (q), and Nusselt number (Nu).
Mathematical Modelling to Predict Bead Geometry Parameters of MIG Welded Aluminum 6063 Plates
Authors: Mehrotra Pranav , Dahiya Keshav , Khanna Pradeep
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of various operational parameters like voltage, weld speed, torch angle, nozzle to plate distance (NPD), and wire feed rate on bead geometry of welds on aluminum 6063 plates. This aluminum grade has a wide range of applications, from industrial to home. The bead geometry properties of a fusion weld are essential from a design standpoint because they affect the joint's mechanical strength and dependability throughout its usage. Bead width (BW), depth of penetration (DOP), and height of reinforcement (HOR) are all essential bead parameters, which need to be considered while commenting on bead geometry of a weld. An experiment series was performed with the statistical technique of design of experiments, using the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) method. This resulted in a mathematical model that correlated bead geometry parameters with various input parameters. RSM (Response Surface Methodology) is used for the graphical analysis of the results obtained. The suggested framework aims to optimize the input variables in order to attain the specified bead parameter values.
Fabrication and Simulation of an E-Vehicle
Authors: Anusha Poodipeddi , Srikanth Tayi , Nirmal Devi Kiran Manne , Rambabu Palivela
Published: July 2024

An electric vehicle is one that is powered by on-board electric sources and is driven by electric motors. Electric vehicles have emerged only because of the rise in cost of fuels and pollution. As they are ecologically sound, they are referred to as green transportation. The electric motor based was selected based on its rating of energy efficient. The rated values of the vehicle dynamics include on various parameters e.g motor output, power, traction-torque and speed. The motor rating is adjusted according to the carrying load, so as to achieve the characteristics of traction. The IC engine of the traditional vehicles is replaced by the electric motor which would act as the leading prime mover component used to drive the E-vehicle. Thus, the selected electric motor provides an adequate power for traction purpose. The structural optimization of the vehicle in-terms of deflection, proof-resilience and Von-misses stress analysis has been carried out using FEA software. EVs are gaining popularity due to their low emissions, reduced operating costs and advances in battery technology, which have increased their range and performance.
Ray Tracing and Simulation of Parabolic Dish Collectorusing Soltrace for Vehicle Applications
Authors: Thiagarajan S. , Chandrika K K Naga , Raju M. , Karthikeyan R. , Nair Manivilasam Madhusoodanan , Obad S.
Published: July 2024

Concentrated solar power has the potential to produce large-scale renewable energy sources. Concentrated solar energy is produced using mirrors, reflective materials, or lenses on conical surfaces such as a parabolic dishes, parabolic troughs, towers, Fresnel reflector systems, and dish sterling collectors. The concentrated light source was converted into heat energy, which drove the heat engine into an electrical power generator. To gain more heat energy, the solar rays must be trapped and concentrated on their conical focus points. To increase the net overall efficiency of the system, it is vital to know the optical performances of the subsystem formed by the solar receiver and the parabolic concentrator. In this study, a beam of incident solar rays was traced on a parabolic dish collector, and a simulation is performed for concentrator behaviour using the ray-tracing code SolTrace developed by the NREL laboratory. For an incident radiation of 1000 W/m2 (considering 10000 photon rays), their optical performance and solar heat flux were simulated. The results show that the number of elements in SolTrace varies depending on the CFD mesh density, the number of rays utilised in the Monte Carlo technique and their impact on generating a resolution-independent solution. Investigating the ray tracing of the disc concentrator, the propulsive energy for viable applications can be analysed.
Compressive strength assessment in additively manufactured sustainable poly lactic acid specimens as per ASTM D695 standard
Authors: Shivraj Narayan Yeole , Jaya Prakash Kode , Narendra Pothula , Kumar S. Anand , Barik Kapish
Published: July 2024

Relative benefits over traditional manufacturing processes have made fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing as prevalent among various fields and sectors. However, the mechanical traits of 3D-printed FDM parts are still a matter of research that primarily depends upon the material used. In addition to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material, another sustainable polymer used in the FDM is polylactic acid (PLA). This study evaluated the compressive strength of 3D-printed PLA specimens consistent with ASTM D695 standard. The test specimens were simulated in ANSYS software to assess the compression strength and deformation of the specimens. Five ASTM specimens were additively manufactured on a Makerbot printer with a 0.3 mm layer resolution, 100% infill rate, 215°C extrusion temperature and standard build speed. The specimens were conditioned in line with ASTM D695 standard. The compressive strengths of the specimens measured on a universal testing machine were correlated with the simulated results. The compressive strength of the specimens was found to be close to the standard strength.
Exploring the use of hybrid nanofluid in flat plate collector for sustainable energy harvesting: An experimental investigation
Authors: Mausam Kuwar
Published: July 2024

Application of hybrid nanofluid work as a performance booster of solar collector and also provide an opportunity of sustainable development of eco-friendly energy harvesting. The performance of Flat plate solar collector (FPSC) has been investigated experimentally at different combinations of flow rate, intensity of radiation and angle of inclination. The comparative performance analysis of FPSC with two different working fluids i.e. distilled water and Cu-MWCNT hybrid nanofluid have also been made. The best combination of the operating parameters has been identified for performance optimization. The mathematical co-relations between the efficiency of the FPSC with the operational parameters has also been studied. Contribution in prevention of greenhouse gases emission also calculated along with energy saving. Carbon credit contribution also identified for the used solar collector. The efficiency of operation with hybrid nanofluid as working fluid was better compared to the distilled Water. Hybrid nanofluids provided higher rise in temperature as well as the useful energy gain compared to the distilled water. The flow rate was identified as dominant factor for efficiency. The efficiency of the collector was a linear function with reduced temperature. Higher efficiencies were achieved at higher flow rates with minimum inclination angle.
Sustainable Optimization of Drilling Parameters for AA2017/AlN Composite Materials: A Grey Relational Analysis Approach
Authors: Rajasekaran Senthil , Mohanavel Vinayagam
Published: July 2024

Modern engineering materials have seen remarkable development. Because conventional materials can no longer meet the needs of modern applications, numerous composites are being employed as viable alternatives. Drilling is the most important production step for most uses, and the resulting holes are high-stress zones that must be handled carefully. Scientists and engineers have long been interested in the challenge of finding the best combination of drilling settings for cutting-edge composite materials. As part of this research, AA2017/AlN composites with matrices made of AA2017 aluminium alloy and reinforcements made of 5, 10, and 15 wt % AlN were produced using stir casting. By experimenting with different input parameters, we were able to utilise the L9 OA to determine the best machining arrangement for drilling materials. The investigation focused on critical drilling characteristics, including burr height (H), thrust force (T), and surface roughness (SR), with a keen emphasis on sustainability.By considering the burr height (H), thrust force (T) and surface roughness (SR) and this work used grey relational analysis (GRA) to establish the optimum cutting parameters for drilling holes in the cutting-edge composite AA2017/AlN. The significance of different machining settings and their effect on the typical characteristics of the drilling were analysed using GRA. However, a confirmation experiment was conducted to ensure the highest quality outcomes. Test results and GRA indicate that the best grey relational grade is achieved with the following parameters: spindle speed (S) of 3500 rpm, feed rate (F) of 60 m/s, drill material (D) of Tungsten Carbide, and reinforcement (R) of 10%.. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant impacts on GRG from the drill material (29.08%), the feed rate (24.24%), and the spindle speed (19.52%). The error term was a function of the reinforcement percent and its interactions with all other parameters; however, the influence of the interaction between feed rate and drill material on GRG was small. The GRG is 0.856, which is higher than the prediction of 0.824. The calculated and measured values agree quite well and 3.7% is a negligible margin of error. The mathematical models for all reactions depending on the drill bits employed was also constructed.
Machining Performance Optimization of FSW Using ANN-based PCA - A Hybrid approach for AA6061
Authors: Reddy G. Sheelam Balavardhan , Kumaraswamy Singam , Paulson Aligi , Saipradeep P. , Kumar Anshuman , Subbiah Ram
Published: July 2024

In this study, Friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061 shows the importance of machining parameters such as tool rotational speed (TRS), feed rate (FR) and Tool Pressure angle (TPA). The machining performance has been measured through the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Vickers hardness (VH). The Taguchi’s philosophy has been considered in designing the experiment. The machining characteristics were analyzed using the main effect plot and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A principal component analysis (PCA) based composite principal component (CPC) has been used to optimise multi-response. The TRS has been found to be the most significant parameter for obtaining the optimum parameter setting. The performance has been enhanced using ANN technique of the process.
Predict the machining performance of FSW of dissimilar material of AI5052 and AZ31 using Multi-Objective Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: Praveena Methari , Kaushik Chandraa Goli , Vamshidhar Reddya Kattegommula , Kumara Anshuman , Nagarajua D.S. , Subbiaha Ram
Published: July 2024

In this study, two dissimilar materials (Al 5052 and AZ31) have been welded using the Friction stir process (FSW). Taguchi’s philosophy has been used to design the experiment using four input parameters (Tool types (TP), Tool traverse speed (TTS), Tool tilt angle (TTA), and Tool rotation Speed (TRS)). The machining performances have been identified using ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Vickers hardness (HV). The models are evaluated for sufficiency, and then the most significant parameters are determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results revealed that TTS has a maximum contribution of 50.2% and 46.5% towards obtaining the high UTS and HV, respectively. The mathematical model using the non-linear model for UTS and HV has been created to predict the mechanical properties of FSWed joints. The prediction welding accuracy of a multi-objective optimization has been performed using the Multi-Objective Dragonfly Algorithm (MODA). The adopted strategy shows a high welding accuracy with minimum computational time.
Modeling and simulation of welded joints of SS304H & P91 Steels: A Review
Authors: D Sandeep , Vidhey P Lakshmana , Kumar T Sujith , Shashank S Sravan , Ganesh Chennakesi , Hussain Laeth
Published: July 2024

Most of the structures are fabricated by welded joints in various manufacturing units because of low cost and high strength. Welding process is largely used in almost all manufacturing units. Welded joints usually subject to welding deformation patterns. Welding deformation may lead to low dimensional accuracy, shape and aesthetics of the product, strength of the welded joint. Welding of two different materials having different mechanical properties is called dissimilar welding. Dissimilar welded joints are commonly used in power plants to connect martensitic steel components and austenitic stainless steel piping systems. Our approach involves conducting dissimilar welding on P91 and SS304H steels, and subsequently assessing the properties of the welded joints using simulation software. A 3-D thermal elastic plastic finite element computational process is designed to accurately forecast welding deformation by numerical method. Numerical and experimental outcomes were compared in terms of temperature distributions during welding and in terms of distortion. P91 is a chromium-molybdenum alloy known for its remarkable strength and exceptional resistance to high temperatures. Alloy SS304H represents an adaptation of the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. This variant, Grade 304H stainless steel, offers enhanced heat-resistant properties, increased tensile yield strength, and improved short- and long-term creep strength.
Investigation on AISI 253 Stainless Steel by Gas Nitriding Process for Sustainable Applications
Authors: Ramyasree K. , Subbiah Ramaswamy , Chouhan Tejsingh
Published: July 2024

Austenitic stainless steel is highly valued in many industries due to its unique properties, which make it appropriate for various sustainable applications like wind turbine blades, solar panel components, biomass converter equipments. AISI 253 stainless steel were chosen for this research and gas nitrided were underwent at a low temperature of about 550°C. The samples were nitride for 8 hours of nitriding, the sample was found to move from austenitic to expanded austenite phase. Extending the nitriding time to 16 hours resulted in the formation of ferrites and an increasing concentration of nitrogen in succeeding layers. The specimens were carried out with nitriding for 24 hours. Cr-N phase were formed was This new phase contributes to increase in surface hardness. Wear loss and volume loss were analyzed from the wear test. In this work , there was considerable improvement in the wear resistance after 24hours of nitriding. The samples nitrides for 24 hrs also had high hardness of 1080Hv and had negligible wear, volumetric wear loss of the specimens. The microstructure and surface morphology analysis of the nitrided samples was carried out using scanning electron microscopy which helped in establishing the microstructural behaviour of the AISI 253 stainless steel.
Optimization of input parameters on WEDM of AZ61-15wt.% Zr C composites via Taguchi technique for sustainability in transportation sectors
Authors: Rajendiran Pandian , Vinayagam M.
Published: July 2024

Sustainability in the transportation sector in terms of materials entails many major areas aimed at reducing environmental effect and promoting sustainability over the long haul. Choosing materials that are lightweight, minimizes fuel usage and emission levels from vehicles. In this investigation, Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) behavior of AZ61-15wt%ZrC composites was studied. The AZ61-15wt%ZrC composites were made using the stir casting technique. The specimen was created using the WEDM technique from the manufactured composite. By adjusting the input parameters of Current (I) amps, pulse-ON time (T-ON), wire feed rate (WFR), and pulse-OFF time (T-OFF) in s, at four different levels, the manufactured samples were machined via WEDM. L16 orthogonal array was employed in the Taguchi method of experiment design. Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was utilized to find which process parameter had the greatest impact on output variables like Material Removal Rate [MRR] and Surface Roughness [SR]. WFR is found to be a substantial input parameter on MRR and T-ON on SR, contributing 32.71% and 74.98% respectively.
Examining the Role of Material Science in Atrazine Herbicide Biodegradation by Pseudomonas putida MTCC 2252
Authors: G. Kiranmayee , Dedeepya Dasari , Asritha Aluri Satya Pavani , Sowmya Paluru Sri Lakshmi , Pothuraju Shanti Silvia , Vangalapati Meena
Published: July 2024

Atrazine is a chlorinated herbicide of the triazine class. It is used to prevent pre-emergence broadleaf weeds in crops such as maize (corn), soybean and sugarcane and on turf, such as golf courses and residential lawns. Atrazine's primary manufacturer is Syngenta and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, Canadian, and Australian agriculture. The bacteria used for the bio degradation of Atrazine is Pseudomonas putida. In this study, we report the biodegradation of Atrazine at high initial concentrations. The biodegradation of this Atrazine was investigated using Pseudomonas putida. For Pseudomonas putida optimization parameters like Contact time, Ph, Initial concentration, Temperature, Inoculum volume, Carbon source, Nitrogen source
Biosorption of nickel by ground fallen waste coffee plant leaves powder: Equilibrium, kinetics, Thermodynamics and Optimization (RSM)
Authors: Tukaram Bai M. , Venkateswrlu P. , Talib Hamzah Husam , Sridevi V. , Raju Ch.A.I.
Published: July 2024

This study reports the biosorption of nickel using powdered fallen coffee leaves. BET, SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterize the biosorbents. We go over the findings from thermodynamic, kinetic, and equilibrium biosorption experiments. Here are some of the factors that were studied: agitation duration (t), biosorbent size, pH of the aqueous solution (ranging from 1 to 8), initial nickel concentration (C0), pH (ranging from 5 to 150), temperature (ranging from 283 to 323), and so on. Coffee leaf powder is best when the pH is 4. This biosorbent pair works best when dosed at 18 g/L for nickel biosorption. Nitrogen absorption is 4.219 mg/g when coffee leaf powder is used. For nickel biosorption, CCD has optimized four parameters. The data on nickel biosorption are tightly matched to the biosorbent model of pseudo-second-order. The negative sign of the free energy change (ΔG) for coffee leaf powder (-1546 J/mol) reflects both the practicality and spontaneous nature of the biosorbent-material. Powdered coffee leaves are predicted to undergo enthalpy changes of 62.99 J/mol K and entropy changes of 51.08 J/mol K. When the value of ΔS is positive, it indicates that the randomness is increasing, and when the value of enthalpy change is positive, it indicates that the process is endothermic.
AI Based Prediction Algorithms for Enhancing the Waste Management System: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Arun Vanya , Krishna Rao Patro E. , Anusuya Devi V.S. , Nagpal Amandeep , Kumar Chandra Pradeep , Albawi Ali
Published: July 2024

Waste management has become an increasingly pressing issue due to urbanization, population growth, and economic development. According to World Bank projections, waste production will reach 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. The paper is focused on detailed analysis of waste management techniques that has to be improved and resources to be maximized, to be able to deal with various types of waste, including agricultural waste, industrial waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), and electronic waste (e-waste). The advancement in the artificial intelligence in various fields has drawn the attention towards utilizing its benefits in achieving optimized management of different types of wastes also. The paper is focused on description of on-recyclable waste materials which can be transformed into energy by using waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. The different types of wastes generated in different sectors are being studied with details on their quantity and challenges in handling the wastes. The literature highlights the performance analysis of various methodologies of waste handling in terms of their efficiency, economic impacts and ecological implications. The prediction models and their performance was discussed with respect to the R2 value and mean absolute error (MAE) root mean square error (RMSE) to find the most suitable algorithm. The conclusion suggested that these AI based optimization methods can bring about enhancement in the various waste to energy conversion process making the management of waste materials more sustainable and reliable.
Detailed analysis of Sustainable Infrastructure Design and Benefits for urban Cities
Authors: Awasthi Ankita , Geeta Yadav M. , Baswaraju Swathi , Nijhawan Ginni , Ziara Sajjad , Kumar Ashwani
Published: July 2024

Addressing the issues of urbanization, climate change, and resource scarcity now centers on the junction of infrastructure development and sustainability. This review study looks at how new ideas and technologies are developing sustainable infrastructure solutions. It assesses research and development in important domains including smart cities, green infrastructure, renewable energy, circular economy, resilience, and social equality critically. The notion of green infrastructure is covered at the outset of the article, along with how it can be used to manage environmental issues including stormwater runoff, air quality, and urban heat islands. It examines the most recent developments in renewable energy infrastructure, evaluating the scalability, efficiency, and integration of solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal systems into the current energy infrastructures. The analysis also looks at how smart cities and infrastructure have developed, with an emphasis on how IoT, AI, and data analytics are used to improve quality of life, mobility, and sustainability. It goes over case studies of prosperous smart city projects and how they've improved public services, strengthened urban infrastructure resilience, and decreased greenhouse gas emissions. The study concludes with a discussion of new developments and technologies, including digital twins, self-driving cars, decentralized energy systems, and green building materials, that will influence sustainable infrastructure in the future. It highlights the compensations and difficulties of numerous technologies and suggests directions for further study and advancement in the area.
Evaluation of Green Energy Impacts for Achieving Global Economic and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Rajashekar N. , Bandhu Din , Aravinda K , Kumar Vishkarma Manoj , Singla Atul , Ziara Sajjad
Published: July 2024

This paper comprehensively investigates the different measurements and results of embracing green energy, with an emphasize on its significance for advancing sustainable financial development and safeguarding ecosystem. It can be concluded from the study that the unfavorable impacts of fossil fuel combustion on climate change can be reduced by focusing on renewable energy sources. The various types of green energy resources that include wind, geothermal, solar, hydro etc. and its current scenarios of utilization across the world has been focused upon. The most abundant and easily extractable source of energy was solar based system. However, the literature confirms that the sector requires further enhancement in the technology to fully extract the power from these resources. The storage solutions of various capacities such as magnetic storage, battery fuel cell etc., can work as a backup to these resources. The major improvements in the field of renewable energy give adaptable ways to decrease the carbon impression of transportation, fabricating, and control systems, which in turn advances the output in terms of available power. The papers gives remarks on the key challenges and solutions for sustainable use of energy which is important for enforcing the balance in the economic growth and ecosystem enhancement.
Species Sensitivity Distributions: Understanding Ocean Acidification’s Impact on Marine Biota
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Aswini Kilaru , Rajalakshmi B. , Singh Navdeep , Khan Irfan , Jabbar Ahmed sabah Abed AL-Zahra
Published: July 2024

This research paper investigates the repercussions of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, focusing on the sensitivity of diverse taxa to changing pH stages. Drawing from recent research, we discover the complicated interaction among climate change, contaminant accumulation, and atmosphere dynamics, with a particular emphasis on coastal regions reliant on fisheries. Through a complete assessment, we recognize substantial differences in sensitivity amongst calcifying taxa, highlighting the implications for each polar and temperate/tropical region. Furthermore, we propose tailored management techniques relying on distinct climate zones and taxonomic groups to mitigate the destructive effects of ocean acidification. Our sensitivity analyses monitoring of capability shifts in Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs) under preindustrial pH situations, underscoring the importance of historic baselines in predicting future influences. This paper contributes to our understanding of how ocean acidification threatens marine biodiversity and underscores the urgency of implementing efficient conservation measures.
Biomedical Materials for Sustainable Wound Care: A Review of Environmental Impact and Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Anandhi R.J. , Rashmi K. , Singh Navdeep , Kumar Yadav Dinesh , Zabibah Rahman S.
Published: July 2024

The comparative evaluation offered within the paper aligns with the broader theme of sustainable wound care by means of focusing on the efficacy and environmental concerns of wound dressing technology. The development of advanced biomaterials not most effective for scientific wound control but additionally for environmental sustainability. With the aid of leveraging biocompatible substances and modern technology, such as biodegradable polymers and eco-friendly nanoparticles, researchers goal to create wound care answers that no longer handiest sell green recovery however also limit environmental impact. Via analyzing the benefits, demanding situations, and future directions of hydrogel dressings, electrospun biopolymer nanofibers, and numerous polymeric substances, the study contributes to the discussion on sustainable wound care. It underscores the significance of developing wound care solutions that now not most effective reveal clinical efficacy but also consider their environmental effect. This holistic method resonates with the purpose of exploring the intersection of scientific efficacy and environmental sustainability in the context of biomedical substances for wound care.
From Forests to Oceans: Exploring the Interconnected Influences of Climate Change on Ecosystems, Communities, and the Path to Sustainability
Authors: Shankar Raman Ravi , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Srividhya Ch. , Nagpal Amandeep , Hameed Ali Abdulhussein , Praveen
Published: July 2024

This research delves into the multifaceted repercussions of climate change on ecosystems and communities, employing a comprehensive assessment of empirical statistics and scholarly literature. Through meticulous analysis, it reveals that biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological patterns, and shifts in species distribution are resulting in huge ecological transformations. Considerably, the study finds that global warming has led to a amazing 8,532-unit reduction in deciduous forests and a remarkable 12,052-unit increase in shrublands from 1985 to 2019. Moreover, the increament in open water bodies by means of 1,151 units underscores the dynamic nature of environmental shifts. Those modifications have profound implications for human health and well-being, with the capacity to disrupt livelihoods and socio-economic systems.