bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management practices related to the incidence of sub clinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating dairy cow in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Khasanah H , Widianingrum D C
Published: May 2021

Mastitis is one of the overwhelming diseases in the dairy cow industry and it has reduced milk yield, quality and increased cow’s culling rate. This study was carried out to establish the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the lactating dairy cow in Banyuwangi regency, East Java, Indonesia. Forty-nine milk samples from 13 head dairy cows were tested for subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The descriptive statistics were performed, and the association between the management practice and incidence of subclinical mastitis was also analyzed using GLM. The result shows that subclinical mastitis was associated with milking type, washing before milking, pre-dipping with warm water and post dipping with iodine. Based on this result, we conclude that mastitis in Banyuwangi is relatively high and need more corcern related to management practice to prevent and reduce SCM incident in lactating dairy cow.
Robustness of dairy cattle farming industry against Covid-19 pandemic in business group (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang, Malang
Authors: Setyawan H B , Widianingrum D C , Yulianto R , Khasanah H
Published: May 2021

The impact of Covid-19 pandemic disrupts the supply chain for livestock breeds, feed, medicines, and others interfere sustainability of livestock businesses. This study aimed to determine the dairy cattle business’s changes during the pandemic at Business Group (KUB) Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The data were obtained using the purposive sampling method. Respondents consisted of 17 dairy farmers (10%) of the total KUB members. The results showed that the farmer had been farming for 10-30 years with a population of three to eight cows. The average milk production of a cow can be maintained at 20 liters/head/day. Cows were given forage and concentrate (made by KUB) two to four times a day. The total cost of feed per month has not changed, which is around IDR 500,000 to IDR 3,000,000. The selling price of milk is IDR 5,400 before and during the pandemic. Health management methods include routine sanitation, injection vitamins, pre-dipping with warm water, and post-dipping with iodine. From this study can be concluded that the farmer of KUB Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang can survive with their management and farming experience, so they were able to sustain and have no problems with their business during the pandemic.
In vitro studies on Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. compatibility with botanical pesticide
Authors: Hoesain M , Soeharto  , Prastowo S , Pradana A P , Asyiah I N , Kustiawan F , Ramadhan F S , Rohmah W , Nengtyas Y A
Published: May 2021

The effect of botanical pesticides as an insect pest control agent has been proven in several studies. Despite capable of controlling pests, botanical pesticides have not been reported to promote plant growth. One technique for making botanical pesticides served in dual function is to combine them with beneficial microbes. This study was aimed to determine the compatibility of 3 isolates of Bacillus sp. and 3 isolates of Pseudomonas sp. against botanical pesticides. The botanical pesticides were made from a mixture of Ageratum conyzoides, Aglaia odorata, and Azadirachta indica leaves. The solvent used 96% ethanol, and the process of making botanical pesticides was performed using a rotary evaporator at 45˚C. The compatibility test was performed in vitro by dropping 10 µl of botanical pesticides on the bacterial culture. Tests were carried out using various concentrations, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The test results showed that Bacillus sp. A and Pseudomonas sp. E strain were compatible on all assay concentrations. Bacillus sp. A and Pseudomonas sp. D and Pseudomonas sp. E were compatible with the concentrations of 0 to 75%. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. B, Bacillus sp. C, and Pseudomonas sp. F were compatible with the assay concentrations of 0 to 50%.
Modeling and analysis of the compressor for the closed cycle system on anti-surge process
Authors: Sun Y R , Yao L X , Jin X , Sun Y Y , Tao C
Published: May 2021

In order to study the interaction mechanism of the pipe network, the compressor and the control system in the process of the anti-surge regulation, the simulation model of the overall Closed Cycle System (CCS) is established in this paper. By comparing the simulation results with the target values at the Design Operation and the Maximum Mach Operation, the calculation deviation is less than 1%, which verifies the accuracy of the model. At the Maximum Mach Operation, the analysis of the CCS during the quasi steady process and the dynamic process is carried out respectively. According to the result of quasi steady state analysis, the effectiveness of the designed anti-surge circuit during the normal operating process of the CCS is verified. By opening the Anti-Surge Valve, additional 38.5% surge margin is provided. And the surge margin at the simulation process would be slightly higher than the design value for the variation of the inlet condition from the different operations. Through the dynamic analysis, the changes of the different performance parameters are studied in the process of sudden blockage in the pipe network, and during this process the compressor surge could be induced easily due to the sharp decline of the inlet pressure. To ensure the safety of the compressor during the acceleration and deceleration process, the moving trajectory of the operation point on the Compressor Characteristic Map should be studied by considering the effect of the resistance characteristics of the CCS pipe network. In addition, the anti-surge system should have a high response frequency to deal with the sudden blockage.
Research on flutter method for three dimensional wing rudder
Authors: Zhou X , Liang L , Yang L , Xiao J , Zhang Q
Published: May 2021

Aiming at providing high efficiency and accurate flutter analysis for high speed aircraft in transonic flow, flutter analysis in frequency domain based on three-dimensional wing rudder is employed for AGARD 445.6 wing. The simulation results are consistent with both experiment and reference, which validates the flutter mechanism in the subsonic and transonic regions. This simulation not only improves the accuracy of flutter analysis, but also saves calculation time and improves efficiency. Thus, it lays a foundation for high speed aircraft in transonic flow flutter prediction.
A Study of the Contact Interface for Compressor Blisks with Ring Dampers Using Nonlinear Modal Analysis
Authors: Sun Yekai , Yuan Jie , Denimal Enora , Salles Loïc
Published: May 2021

The integrally bladed disks, also known as blisks, have been widely used in industrial turbomachinery because of their benefits in aerodynamic performance and mass reduction. Friction damping is considered as the major damping sources in turbomachinery. However, in blisks, the friction damping is negligible due to the lack of the contact interfaces. The friction ring dampers are one of the emerging external damping sources for blisks. In this paper, a full-scale blisk with a friction ring damper is studied, where a 3D contact element is used to compute the contact frictions. The blisk and ring damper is investigated using their damped nonlinear normal modes. The modal damping can be directly calculated and used to quantify the friction damping generated by the ring damper. The contact behaviour within the contact interface is further analysed. The nodes with initial gap show less damping ability. The separations within the contact interface are expected to be avoided to achieve a better damping performance.
Synthesis of Groundnut Shell/Rice Husk Hybrid Composite–A Review
Authors: Kisan Unni , Dubey Vineet , Sharma Anuj Kumar , Mital Arun
Published: May 2021

In this new era natural fiber composite is being manufactured for economic purpose. The natural fiber hybrid composite is beneficial to the environment as it balances the ecosystem. It is not harmful to the environment and is biodegradable. Various types of natural fibers are used to make composites as they are easily available and their cost is low. Mostly rice husk and groundnut shell are used to make the composite because they are easily achievable and have good properties. Other natural fibers like jute and cotton also have good properties. The rice husk and groundnut shell are used to make acoustical board as it has good sound absorption property. Jute and cotton are used to enhance the mechanical property of composite board. Various properties of natural fiber hybrid composites are enhanced by the amalgamations of natural fiber and resin such as mechanical property, acoustic property and water absorption property. This paper reviews on synthesis of groundnut shell/rice husk hybrid composite. Further the paper also summarizes the past research work done and the different type of combination of reinforcement used. Different techniques for testing of the reinforced composite is also discussed.
Effect of carbon black and graphene on the performance of EPDM rubber composites: A short review
Authors: Mishra Vishwesh
Published: May 2021

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber is for major used in engineering and many technical works and its application like automobile, constructions, electronic industries, and electric and many more. Industries commonly EPDM use for making the rubber inlet/outlet hoses for car and other vehicle. EPDM rubber properties are like good weather resistance ability as well as heat ozone. The resistance of steam is outstanding. EPDM rubber commonly is used for seals in automobile area. In the present review paper, different hardness of EPDM has been discussed on the basis of mixing or adding different proportion of graphene and carbon black (CB) and other additives. Also discussed how improve the performance of EPDM using silica and graphene and titanium dioxide and other additives and synergistic effect of graphite nanotubes on EPDM nanotubes. Effect of graphene on non-polar and polar rubber matrix also discussed with mechanical behaviour of EPDM.
Hurdles with self–cured Geopolymer Composites in Indian scenario
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Kulkarni N.H.
Published: May 2021

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) production is boosting global warming very speedily. Therefore, geopolymer concrete is receiving huge attention as an alternative to traditional concrete because it develops without the use of OPC. Majority of the previous publications suggest that high-temperature curing required to gain higher mechanical strength and better durability properties, which is not feasible for cast-in-situ work. This obstacle has been overcome by adding calcium oxide and reducing silicon dioxide in the geopolymer. In addition, geopolymers also confront many other problems such as cost of construction, efflorescence and utilization of harmful chemical etc. that can’t be easily overcome. This literature makes an effort to identify some hurdles with the geopolymer composite in the Indian scenario. It concludes geopolymer composites will take some more time to completely replace conventional composites and requires some more improvement.
Rheological Analysis on Thumba Oil for Sustainable Bio-Lubricant in Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Galgat Sagar , Biju Febin T , Surya YV , Sai Kumar Hema Venkat , Limboo Deepraj , Singh Niranjan , Chowdary Krishna , Kotia Ankit
Published: May 2021

The demand for automotive lubricant increasing and consequences in dumping of lubrication oil leads towards the bio lubricants. The present study analyzes rheological properties of Thumba oil to have sustainable lubricant to electric vehicle. The oil samples are tested in plain and with MWCNT and Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. It was observed MWCNT and CeO2 made 11% and 9% improvement in viscosity at lower shear rate respectively, however no significant change was observed at higher shear rate. Shear thinning nature of thumba oil biolubricant reduce with the dispersion of nanoparticles and hence contributed in enhancement of lubrication behaviour
Microstructure and Mechanical behaviour of Stainless Steel
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , Sharma Harish Kumar , Pant Gaurav
Published: May 2021

The progression of pipeline industry require good standard for corrosion resistivity in steel. It will lead a huge concern for endless steel manufacturers. The mechanical properties of stainless steel can be astoundingly improved through sensible alloying component, for example, V, Nb and Cr and legitimate planning of thermo-mechanical handling with boundaries that refine and homogenize the microstructure. After complete the way toward moving, control of cooling rate is basic to shape the vital stages in the last microstructure. Present assessment intends to think about the effect of cooling rate and thermo-mechanical dealing with boundaries on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel. The study is done on optical, SEM and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The investigation shows that improvement in grain refinement and precipitation thickness scattering.
Modelling & Static Analysis of Automotive Wheel Rim using different materials
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Tripathi Mehair , Dey Prasanta , Kumar Rohit , Awasthi Ankita
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we compare equivalent stress, Total deformation and equivalent elastic strain in 19-inch wheel rim of MG Gloster by Finite element method. The need of Wheel Rim is to get the stable base on which the tyre mounted. It should acquire the tyre as per the size, dimension, and shape required for the vehicle. Modelling of the rim was done by using 3-D modelling software SOLIDWORKS 2019, whereas the static structural analysis was done by using ANSYS R2 2020. ANSYS WORKBENCH R2 2020 is the software used for regular testing and simulation of materials used for the wheel rim to get the required calculations and result. ANSYS WORKBENCH R2 2020 performed the structural analysis by the material used are structural steel, carbon fiber (Low Grade), Kevlar 29, E-Glass, S-Glass, basalt, Al 6061 T6 and High Strength Low Alloy steel, their relative performances have observed respectively. The analysis is carried out for tyre inflation pressure, rotational velocity and moment condition. This analysis carried out to find the best material out of the listed materials for the wheel rim that gives optimum results for making an effective rim structure.
Role of Stir Casting in development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMC): An Overview
Authors: Upadhyay Gaurav , Saxena Kuldeep K.
Published: May 2021

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have evolved itself in recent times as a source material for automotive applications, spacecraft applications, electronics applications and sports accessories applications. The reason for these numerous applications is their alterable mechanical properties such as good strength-weight ratio, better stiffness, excellent resistance to wear, precise co-efficient of thermal expansion, improved resistance to fatigue, and better immutability at elevated temperature conditions. All these properties are fully dependent on processing/manufacturing methods and their processing conditions. In comparison to other composite development techniques, Stir casting is an adequate method as well as it is greatly acceptable in industries. Such wide acceptability of stir casting process is by the virtue of its adaptability, cost benefits and its superiority for mass production. Therefore, this review paper compiles the details of AMC and their manufacturing methods. Among various manufacturing methods, stir casting method is described in details along with its various parameters, such as size of impeller, impeller blade angle, and position of impeller Stirring speed and stirring time for the homogeneous distribution of reinforcing material. It is still a tough task for AMCs production firms and researchers to investigate the effects of stirring process variables on the particle distribution and also adequate selection of these variables. This review encloses the study of rigorous and specific attempts made so far to investigate the consequences of stirring variables in stir casting method. Additionally for AMCs production firms and researchers, Optimized levels of stirring variables are proposed for obtaining better mechanical characteristics.
A Dielectric Elastomer and Graphene Nanocomposites: A Review
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: May 2021

This paper reviews the developments in dielectric elastomer actuator technology for several applications. Dielectric elastomers are a variety of electroactive polymer that deform when subjected to the electric field and are best suited for the designing of wide range of sensors, actuators and bio medical equipments in comparison to piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, ionic polymer metallic materials and shape memory alloys because EAPs are light, adaptable, simple to process, economical,and can be fit in with confounded surface and geometries The main disadvantage of this material is the operating electric field is very high and the dielectric constant is very low. There is one way to solve this issue is by using of highly conducting materials as a filler material like graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or functionalized graphene oxide. EAPs composite with generally low operational voltage (on the request for 50 V/μm) presently permit us to create actuators dependent on this material. The use of these materials as actuators to drive different control, versatility and automated gadgets includes multidiscipline including materials, science, electro-mechanics etc. The present review highlighted the working principle and actuation mechanism of the electroactive polymer (EAPs) which also identified some of the challenges which are associated with these materials.
Different Approaches for Nanovaccine Formulation and Characterization
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar
Published: May 2021

Now a day, millions of people suffer from chronic Hepatitis B Virus globally. Presently, no well-established treatment is available for the chronic Hepatitis B virus infection; the available treatment is based on host mediated immunological control and reduction of HBV-DNA levels in blood serum. There is a constant demand for new and improved vaccines, scientist have continually developed a new vaccine technology. In this research article given a different approach for the preparation of Hepatitis B vaccine, utilizing a novel drug delivery system. In this regard developed a Hepatitis B antigen loaded polymeric and lipid particles. Prepared particles were further characterized for their particles size, entrapment efficiency, morphology and in vitro release. Further, compare the formulation on the basis of characterization. Results indicated that, polymeric particles showed high entrapment efficiency, and better release. This formulation is suitable for further clinical study.
Comparative Study of Efficiency of PV Panels Using Different Cooling Techniques
Authors: Dixit Krishna Kant , Yadav Indresh , Kumar Maurya Sanjay
Published: May 2021

Greater specific heat capacity of certain materials makes them a good heat storage material. Photovoltaic panels are unable to convert all the irradiation into electrical energy. Only a small fraction gets converted into electrical energy rest gets converted into heat which increases the operating temperature of cell. Higher operating temperature deteriorates the efficiency of cell. In this paper, we used results of several cooling techniques (Phase Change Material cooling, Thermoelectric cooling, Nanotube cooling etc.) to investigate their effect on operating temperature. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the varying parameters of the panel after cooling and to suggest which cooling technique offers better efficiency and panel temperature is being optimized for three different ambient conditions. The study concludes that water spraying from both front and rear side of panel results in highest variation of temperature and leads to higher efficiency of panel.
Recent Development in Copper based Hole Transport Materials for Emerging Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kumar Anjan , Singh Sangeeta , Yadav Anupam
Published: May 2021

In the photovoltaic (PV) research community, the dramatic improvement in the power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite-based devices has made them very appealing. The serious challenge, though, has to do with durability under different circumstances and difficulties with toxicity. In recent years, a significant number of papers have been published in PSCs based on these issues through the use of different electron transport materials(ETMs), hole transport materials (HTMs), and Perovskite materials. The hole transport material is responsible for a significant part of the expense of the components of a Perovskite solar cell (PSC), as the most effective systems so far have costly HTMs, such as spiro-OMeTAD and poly(triaryl amine). The inverted PSCs (p-i-n) give a wide variety of alternate HTLs, as the HTL is deposited underneath the perovskite layer. Any material with moderate hole mobility is, therefore, a possible substitute for replacing the expensive HTMs that have been used so far. In this review manuscript, we have compiled the various Cu-based materials added as HTMs in planar inverted p-i-n) structure. This manuscript appears to focus on the role and classification of various copper-based materials used as a hole transport layer affecting long-term stability, improving solar cell parameters, and thus improving overall device performance. Furthermore, a description of the overall device structure, preparation methods, and the effect of the thickness of the HTM layers on the overall solar cell parameters of the perovskite devices is also presented. We hope that this analysis will explicitly and extensively demonstrate their significance and strengths in the concerned domain by introducing and exploring the developments of Cu-based materials as HTMs in planar PSCs and provide inspiration for their further development.
Pump performance improvement using DMAIC method for industrial application
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Singh Kalyan , Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Rahul
Published: May 2021

In recent years, regenerative model pumps have become more interested in various commercial processes. Havells India Limited Produces regenerative water pumps which is mostly used in domestic application. Duration of assembly of regenerative water pump we found from the quality supervisors and production monthly data, a self-priming mono block regenerative pump (M1 model) have jamming issue. Due to this jamming of pump rejection is 20% of monthly production which is a major problem. For solving this problem, two techniques are used. The result of the project was to reduce the overall refusal rate in the production line from 20% to 2%, which enabled the production line to meet demand-using DMAIC. This analysis presents the current product improvement based on the DMAIC approach as a preferential method for defect identification and process improvement using various statistical tools such as the Cause and Effect Diagram.
Analysis of a Tiltrotor Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: CFD Approach
Authors: Sharma Shailesh , Sharma Rajkumar , Kumar Veneet , Chandel Siddharth
Published: May 2021

In this current era of technology VTOL UAVS is an emerging technology that is becoming popular for its variety of applications like Agriculture, Civil, and military for Surveillance, rescue missions, and patrolling. These types of aircraft came into existence as the solution to many issues like lack of runways in rural areas and dense forests. VTOL UAV is a hybrid of a helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft because it has the functionality of both types of aircraft. These aircraft possess high hovering efficiencies like a helicopter and a better cruising speed like a fixed-wing aircraft with an enhanced payload capacity. Many interesting applications of these aircraft is attracting researchers to work in this field. In this paper, a CFD approach has been adopted for the analysis of TURAC tilt-rotor type VTOL UAV with the help of XFLR software.
Commercial vehicles laminated spring manufacturing unit productivity enhancement by rejection minimization
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Singh Pradeep Kr. , Kukreja Nitin
Published: May 2021

Productivity plays a key role in any industry, can be improved by minimizing the rejections and down time of machine. Parabolic laminated spring plays a vital role in the suspension system of any heavy duty automotive vehicle, since it has an effect on ride comfort and vehicle dynamics. In this paper, various approaches and efforts done for productivity enhancement were discussed with an emphasis on the reduction of rejections in parabolic laminated spring manufacturing unit in India. The output of this work is reduction in production cost via minimizing the rejection, reworking, efficient and economical utilization of all input resources. This paper provides an extremely valuable practical framework to different industries that recognize the parabolic laminated spring manufacturing.
Emission control from automobiles exhaust using dual absorbent
Authors: Singh S , Verma V P , Yadav R K , Ramkesh  , Singh J
Published: May 2021

In this study main purpose of the project is to reduce the pollution which is caused due to vehicles exhaust gas and ensure the environment pollution free. Aim to maximize the efficiency of emission control as compare to other Reduce the back pressure and increase the efficiency of an engine. Vehicle exhaust gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are highly toxic. These components are the major problem to environment and health. Therefore, our main concern is designing of packed column and analyze the dual absorbent system to reduce the toxic of emission of gases. In this study we are using a group of two absorbent named ZSM-5 and MORDENITE having catalyst PLATINUM materials with the ability to absorb CO2, carbon monoxide, NOx and HC which is coming out from the vehicular engine after the exhaust process. The dual absorbent was able to remove CO up to 88.04%, HC up to 68%, NOx up to 75.96% and CO2 up to 69.38% for 10min.
Electric Vehicle Modeling in MATLAB and Simulink with SoC &SoE Estimation of a Lithium-ion Battery
Authors: Chatterjee P , Singh J , Singh R , Avadh Y A R , Kanchan S
Published: May 2021

To improve the energy storage management system of an electric vehicle, we monitored exact battery states. Here we created different models for BMS management, for thermal modelling, thermal characteristics and EV modelling. We used different drive cycles sources to get our results here, we simulated models for different set of time and got simulation results. The variation in graphs and display lead us to different conclusions that how different parameters affect the performance and efficiency of an electric vehicle. We have presented a simple integrated State of charge (SOC) and State of energy (SOE) estimation technique. By utilizing this technique, the battery SOC and SOE both can be assessed easily rather than processor computational difficulty in BMS.
Neural Network Pun Material Identifiction Framework based on Artificial Intelligence Learning
Authors: Shekhar Shashi
Published: May 2021

The Neural based artificial intelligence system is made linguistically intelligent through simulation model to identify pun material expressions from code mixed text. The text available on social media consist contents which are written in mixed script format and from these content puns word identification is a challenging task in this scenario. The retrieval of pun and its corresponding equivocation terms is very hard to retrieve from the transliterated text. The pun retrieval and its equivocation representation are widely used to present the opinions over the network applications. The work described in the paper gives the comparative view of different neural network and its corresponding learning and simulation techniques applied in the area of transliteration. The rule framed approach is presented which accepts the roman form text as input and as per the defined rules the system is developed to give the equivocation words available in the sentence. The evaluation measures used here to validate the hypothesis is based on statistical measures along with HLSTM learning model. Further the result is validated using the voting technique that can choose appropriate equivocation label which are not identifies by the learning model. The use of voting technique here is to provide an extra edge when the proposed approaches suggest incorrect tag against the pun word. The voting approach enhances the overall result accuracy with high precision value.
Machine Learning techniques for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tripathi Kshitij , Garg Hitendra
Published: May 2021

Machine Learning focuses on developing computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for them. In the medical field, the application of machine learning is used to produce useful patterns and information that can be helpful in diagnosing various diseases. This paper focuses on Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) with previous information and data. CVDs are the most common cause of death globally. The severity of the disease insists the researchers and medical professionals forecast CVDs threats correctly and precisely as early stage. The best and most effective way of treating CVD is by surgery, yet the test indicates that it’s not only costly but it also has side effects. The main aim is to provide a quantitative and qualitative summary of machine learning techniques in the cardiovascular dataset. This analysis analyzes the selected documents and identifies gaps in the existing literature and assists the researcher in preparing to use machine learning on cardiovascular dataset.
Solution of Multi-response Optimization: Case Study in turning of AISI D2 Steel using Fuzzy TOPSIS Integrated Taguchi Approach
Authors: Kumari Soni , Sonia Pankaj
Published: May 2021

The present work aims to access the consequence of turning parameter e.g., spindle speed (N), depth of cut (D) and feed rate (f) on several execution indices viz. surface roughness and material removal rate in the machining of AISI D2 steel by means of PVD coated carbide tool. Experimentation trials were carried in accordance to the L9 orthogonal array. In addition, attempts were made to turn the multiple responses got into single responses utilizing TOPSIS. In this study, Decision-Makers’ (DMs’) subjective opinion (in regards of response weight) which were expressed in language-based terminologies has been transformed into fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy representation of multiple-judgments have been aggregated and finally defuzzified to obtain crisp weight. Response data thus obtained from machining experiments along with crisp weight of the responses have been utilized in TOPSIS. At last, for determining the combination of optimal parameters, Taguchi has been implemented.
Influence of Lauric acid on mechanical properties of Portland cement
Authors: Sharma Neha , Verma Mohit , Sharma Prashant
Published: May 2021

In this research we focused on use of lauric acid as an admixture in cement. The main aim of this research is to scrutinize the outcomes of LA on different properties of cement i.e. normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength and the capillary absorption. As large amount of energy has been consumed during the grinding process of clinker therefore many researchers and investigators used fatty acids as a grinding aid to reduce this energy consumption. Herein, effect of LA as an admixture has been reported. Different proportion of LA i.e. 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0% of dry weight of cement has been used as an admixture to know the properties of Portland cement. To test the compressive strength of Portland cement, total of 96 cubical specimens were prepared and tested for compression strength in UTM under curing stage of three, seven and twenty-eight days. Examined results showed that LA when used in appropriate amount extends the initial and final setting time of ordinary Portland cement. We noticed the decreasement in capillary absorption as amount of LA escalates. We have accomplished in upgrading the mechanical performance of cement, including the capillary absorption, the compressive strength and reducing the amount of mixing water used while modifying the setting time according to use requirements.
Effect of hydrophobic agent in cement and concrete : A Review
Authors: Sharma Neha , Sharma Prashant
Published: May 2021

Hydrophobic agents have been used in cement and concrete to reduce water penetration in concrete since many years. Hydrophobic agents are the materials that are employed in cement for enhancing the contact angle between the water and the concrete surface. Fatty acids and their fractions have been introduced in the cement as either phase change materials or as an admixture to minimize water ingress into concrete. Many alkenes, oils, fats, and greasy substances come under the category of hydrophobic molecule. Due to reduction in water permeability, hydrophobic agent enhances the durability and aesthetic appearance of the concrete. Since the mid-20th century, hydrophobic concrete found much popularity in building and construction. Hydrophobic are non-polar and lipophilic substances exhibits high contact angle thereby minimizes the rate of detrimental reactions. This article presents an overview of the work that has been carried out on the application of hydrophobic agents in cement mortar and concrete.
Trends and Patterns of Sustainable Technology: A Bibliometric Analysis of Economies
Authors: Singh Trilok Pratap , Khandelwal Utkal
Published: May 2021

Engineering creates efficient products, systems, and structures. However, suppose the products, procedures, or facilities are not easy to find the most efficient solutions to current issues. In that case, engineering efficiency is risky because the wrong thing could be engineered successfully and potentially worsens. The question is how sustainable technology (ST) can contribute. Statistical information was collected from the repository of Elsevier Scopus. The research request consisted of all publications with the terms ‘sustainable technology’ in their name, description, and keywords. The study was conducted from January 2010 to June 2019. The subject is under pressure; numerous joint publications are available; articles by various writers from European and Asian countries dominate the number of papers, with Finland and India as the leading economies.
An Overview on Biomaterials and Its Applications in Medical Science
Authors: Bharadwaj Alok
Published: May 2021

Biomaterials have been used tremendously in medical science over last many decades. In human body a number of body tissues like teeth, ligament, bones tendons and others have been successfully replaced by these biomaterials. In present scenario the various applications of these biomaterials are still awaited. The most important challenge in using these biomaterials is immune rejection because in current situation the lifetime implants and bone replacement must required biocompatibility along with the biological and mechanical characteristics of the biomaterial used. Till now a number of biomaterials have been discovered and due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, these are biomaterials are employed significantly in biotherapy and medical science. On the basis of the source, these biomaterials can be grouped into two categories namely natural or synthetic polymers, henceforth they have paid much consideration.

An ideal biomaterial must have the following characteristics like they fulfill the various chemical and physical requirements along with the mechanical vigor and biocompatibility e.g. stainless steel, zirconia, alumina, Co-Cr alloys, polythene (high molecular weight), poly methyl methacrylate etc. In present scenario, considerable efforts has been done in improving the utility of artificial joints, but now the current focus has been committed for reducing the wear and to amplify the duration of implants or prosthesis inside the human body. In the present review an efforts has been made to provide awareness and importance of these biomaterials in the medical science along with fulfilling all the challenges.
Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Prediction using Random Forest Classifier
Authors: Anisha P R , Kishor Kumar Reddy C , Apoorva K , Meghana Mangipudi C
Published: May 2021

Breast Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases and is a potential cause of death in women. Late prediction of Breast Cancer may greatly reduce survival chances, and as a solution to that the automatic disease detection system aids the medical field to diagnose and analyze, which offers rapid response, reliability, effectiveness as well as decrease the risk of death. In this paper, we explain how breast cancer can be predicted using a Machine Learning Technique named Random Forest Classifier. This classifier structures the data into numerous trees and obtains a final result i.e., whether a person is at risk of having breast cancer or not. This model has an accuracy of 98%.
Deep learning based non-linear regression for Stock Prediction
Authors: Agrawal Subhash Chand
Published: May 2021

Stock market prediction is an activity to estimate the future value of a stock. The accurate prediction of particular share’s future price can lead to significant profit margins for an investor. The efficient market hypothesis states that prices of the stock depend on the available information and price changes, do not consider any hidden information. Therefore, prediction of stock plays a significant role to influence the investor’s decisions. It also acts a recommend system for investment related decision in stock market for short term investors and financial suffering system for long term shareholders. In this paper, we propose a stock market prediction system using machine learning algorithms. This paper first explores a few machine learning algorithms for estimating stock value and then proposes a solution that can predict the future stock value with higher accuracy. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based non-linear regression method to predict the stock price. The experiments are performed on two publically available datasets : Tesla Stock Price and New York Stock Exchange which consist of stock data from 2010 to 2020. The analysis of experimentation reveals that the proposed method performed better than existing machine learning based approaches.
A Social Application of Artificial Intelligence & IoT for Water Conservation
Authors: Rathor Sandeep , Kumari Shalini
Published: May 2021

Water is an essential resource for all life on earth. As time advances, water is becoming scarcer. Water is a renewable resource and if not managed, in the coming time, it will become a non-renewable resource. Therefore, it is necessary to handle the management of water smartly. So, artificial intelligence technology can be utilized to change conventional water and wastewater into instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent systems. This paper proposes a low cost and affordable smart & intelligent water conservation system. The objective of the paper is to make a smart water conservation system for the society with the help of the artificial intelligence and IoT. Artificial intelligence using IoT provides accurate automatic task and up-to-date information that enables information and systematic decision. Implementation results show that, how have we made water conservation systems smart by using artificial intelligence and various sensors and microcontrollers.
Descriptive Naming & Summarization of large text using Topic Model-A Survey
Authors: Tripathi Saumya
Published: May 2021

Due to the plethora of documents containing large scale of text that are available on web it sometimes gets difficult to go through each document to get the clear picture of what the text is depicting. In this paper, we are analyzing several techniques to evaluate Topic Model. A Topic Model is a very popular approach for representing and smoothing the content of documents. Here we will focus on uncovering the thematic structure of a corpus of document that will help in document classification and for compact document topic representation. We have gone through some of the famous topic model such as-Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI),Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI),Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA),Pachinko Allocation Model (PAM) where we encounter few issues such as Topic models are not proper for some SNS such as micro blogging and supervise learning techniques are designed for one-labeled corpus-i. e. they are limiting the document to a single label.
A theoretical investigation of a controlled hybrid mechanical/capillary pumped loop
Authors: Levêque Marie , Dutour Sébastien , Miscevic Marc , Lavieille Pascal , Bertin Yves , Mari Raphaël
Published: May 2021

A series hybrid mechanical/CPL system is a way to improve the performance characteristics over a plain CPL system, as demonstrated by Schweickart et al [1]. However, few hybrid loops actually operate because the control of the system remains difficult. An investigation of a controlled hybrid CPL is proposed based on a dynamic model, consisting of the coupling of a CPL model and a mechanical pump whose speed is controlled by a PID. We first theoretically determined the controller parameters versus the CPL characteristics in order to optimize the command for a given CPL. In a second part, some simulations of two different architectures were performed and analyzed. These results have confirmed that the hybrid system is very attractive to greatly improve the CPL performance.
Loop heat pipe dynamics modeling and analysis
Authors: Buz Vasily , Goncharov Konstantin
Published: May 2021

The report presents mathematical model and computational analysis of dynamic processes in the loop heat pipe, as well as some ways of regulating its work. This is considered a one-dimensional unsteady model of the loop. For each element of loop the model contains the energy equation for flow of fluid and to the walls, and the equation of conservation of momentum of the working fluid. The joint solution of a system of such equations for all elements of the loop allows to calculate the temperature distribution and pressure contour at any point in time. The calculations showed that under certain conditions in the loop heat pipe can be auto-oscillations of different nature. Analysed methods of eliminating these auto-oscillations. One way to regulate the loop heat pipe is the use of a control valve on the additional bypass line. The analysis showed that this method can significantly improve the quality of temperature control and reduce energy consumption by regulation or do without energy consumption. Presents a model of the dynamics of loop heat pipe gives physically reasonable results of calculations and is consistent with the results of the tests.
A Dual stopband two-sided frequency selective surface for mobile shielding applications
Authors: Mayouf A T , Sayidmarie K H , Ali Y E Mohammed
Published: May 2021

A two-sided frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed to shield two bands of the mobile frequencies (EGSM-900 and DCS-1800). The FSS consists of an array of square concentric-rings cells printed on both sides of the substrate to offer better shielding of the two mobile frequencies. The CST Microwave suit is used for the simulations. The equivalent circuit model for the two-sided FSS is analysed and the transmission frequency in terms of the two stop frequencies is estimated. The obtained shielding is better than 40 dB across the two bands. The proposed FSS can be used to reduce mobile radiation or to isolate halls from nearby mobile base stations. The bandwidth of the FSS cell can be increased by using ring pairs of unequal sizes on the two sides of the substrate.
Characterization and selective deposition of carbon nanotubes from carbon nanoparticles mixture using mild acid treatment and electrokinetic manipulation
Authors: Abdulhameed Abdullah , Mohtar Mohd Nazim , Hamidon Mohd Nizar , Mansor Ishak , Halin Izhal Abdul
Published: May 2021

Particle manipulation is often required in the fabrication of microelectronic devices such as transistors and sensors. In this work, we succeeded in depositing aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from an oxidized conglomerates carbon mixture using a simple low power procedure consisting of mild acid treatment and frequency-dependent dielectrophoretic (DEP) force. The treatment improved the dispersity and solubility of CNTs due to the functional groups introduced on their surface. The DEP force was generated with an AC signal of 1 MHz and 7.07 Vrms to attract the CNTs to a transparent electrode gap of 50 μm. Treatment quality was confirmed and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the dispersity and solubility of carbon particles and their size distribution in different solvents. The morphology of the deposited CNTs and amorphous carbon were observed by optical microscope and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The procedure used in this work is cost-effective, scalable and essential for future assembly. Furthermore, the transparency of the system makes it suitable for real-time observation, transparent sensors, and the ability to integrate it into microfluidic channels.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of superelastic NiTi fiber reinforced NiTi/(Al3Ti+Al3Ni) metal-intermetallic laminated (SFR-MIL) composites
Authors: Kang Fuwei , Zhang Ximeng , Zhang Fahong , Wang Enhao , Cao Yang , Jiang Wei , Wang Liping , Han Yuqiang , Lin Chunfa
Published: May 2021

In this work, a novel superelastic NiTi fiber reinforced NiTi/(Al3Ti+Al3Ni) metal-intermetallic laminated (SFR-MIL) composites was fabricated via vacuum hot pressing method. In order to accurately determine the reaction products of the fabrication process, the microstructure and phase constituents were analyzed and determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that Al3Ti and Al3Ni were formed during fabrication process. In addition, the quasi-static tensile testing results indicated the average UTS and failure strain of SFR-MIL composite are 377.0 MPa and 15.4%, respectively. The compressive tests of SFR-MIL composites manifested that the average peak compressive strength of this class of materials with load perpendicular to layers is 1114.3 MPa, equivalent to or higher than that of some other laminated composites. Then, the fracture mechanisms are discussed, and the results showed that the reaction band is the possible crack initiation due to the stress concentration, and the major fracture mechanisms are intergranular and transgranular fracture modes.
Civil society, NGOs, and refugees
Authors: Loescher Gil
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on the role of civil society, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and refugee-led initiatives in protecting and assisting refugees and other forced migrants. A number of civil society actors were involved with the drafting of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Moreover, it was a civil society movement that persuaded states to declare the UN’s World Refugee Year 60 years ago. Both refugees and humanitarian actors now face a multitude of new security challenges, such as the changing nature of conflict and the worldwide spread of terrorism. As a consequence, it has become extremely dangerous for aid workers to carry out their humanitarian work.