bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diabetes on Health-Related Quality of Life in Emirati Patients
Authors: Al-Abadla Zainab , Elgzyri Targ , Moussa Mayada
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to negatively affect quality of life (QoL), yet very few studies have been done on QoL of patients with diabetes in the United Arab Emirates population. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of DM on health-related QoL (HRQoL) of patients with diabetes of Emirati nationality. Methods: Two hundred and forty Emirati patients with diabetes, treated at the Dubai Diabetes Center, were randomly selected and interviewed using the Short Form-36 questionnaire to assess HRQoL domains. Appropriate statistical measures were performed to associate HRQoL domains with diabetes-related factors. Results: HRQoL satisfaction scores for physical and mental health domains were very high for the majority of participants. Male participants ranked significantly higher median scores in all HRQoL domains than females (77.36 vs. 65.28, p = 0.004). There was a significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation between diabetes duration and the total averaged score for all sub-domains, and significant (p < 0.001) negative correlations between glycated hemoglobin percentage (HBA1c%) and all sub-domains of HRQoL. Patients without complications had significantly better scores in all HRQoL sub-domains than patients suffering from any complications. Median total HRQoL score for those with neuropathy compared to those without neuropathy was 63.9 versus 82.6 (p < 0.001), for nephropathy was 43.6 versus 72.5 (p < 0.001), for retinopathy 50.7 versus 76.0 (p < 0.001), for ischemic heart disease 54.1 versus 77.3 (p < 0.001), and for cerebrovascular disease 36.7 versus 72.4 (p < 0.001). Multiple regression showed 3 significant predictors for the total averaged score from all HRQoL sub-domains; these were age (p = 0.007), HbA1c% (p < 0.001), and the number of complications related to DM (p = 0.001). Conclusion: HRQoL in Emirati patients with diabetes was significantly associated with the presence of diabetes-related complications, glycemic control, and age of the patient. The assessment of QoL in patients with diabetes can be a valuable measure for the healthcare providers to assess patient’s well-being.
Zinc Supplementation and the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis in Young Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Irfan Omar , Black Robert E. , Lassi Zohra S. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: February 2022

Background: Prematurity and low birth weight are major risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Zinc supplements have been previously shown to be beneficial in pregnancy and small for gestational age birth outcomes. There is sparse information, however, on the potential benefits of zinc supplementation to prevent or treat serious infections in this age group. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic zinc supplementation in young infant (<4 months) sepsis. Methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and other databases were searched from inception until 18 June 2021. Studies assessing preventive and therapeutic zinc supplementation in young infants in relation to incidence and outcomes of suspected sepsis were included. Meta-analyses of pooled effects were calculated for sepsis-related outcomes. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials involving 2,553 infants were included. Six studies reported therapeutic efficacy, whereas 3 evaluated preventive benefits of zinc supplementation. Preventive studies suggest a protective effect of zinc supplementation on neonatal mortality rate (NMR) (risk ratio (RR) 0.28; 95% CI 0.12–0.67, LOW certainty), but with no effect on the incidence of sepsis, both in preterm neonates. Among young infants, therapeutic zinc was associated with significant reductions in treatment failure (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44–0.85; MODERATE certainty) and further subgroup analysis showing significant reduction in infant mortality rate with 3 mg/kg/twice a day dosage only (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27–0.87, LOW certainty). Therapeutic zinc supplementation in neonates did not show any effect on hospital stay or NMR. Conclusion: Zinc supplementation could potentially reduce mortality and treatment failure in young infants but has no noteworthy influence on hospital stay and in the prevention of sepsis. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the direction and magnitude of effects if any.
Where Are We with Deep Brain Stimulation? A Review of Scientific Publications and Ongoing Research
Authors: Harmsen Irene E. , Wolff Fernandes Filipe , Krauss Joachim K. , Lozano Andres M.
Published: February 2022

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers adjustable electrical stimuli to brain targets to relieve symptoms associated with dysregulated neural circuitry. Over the last several decades, DBS has been applied to a number of conditions, including motor, pain, mood, and cognitive disorders. An assessment of the body of work in this field is warranted to determine where we have been, define the current state of the field, and chart a path toward the future. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the state of DBS-related research by analyzing the DBS literature as well as active studies sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG]). Methods: Peer-reviewed DBS publications were extracted from PubMed. Active NIH-funded DBS projects were extracted from the RePORT database and active DFG projects from the German Research Foundation database. Records were analyzed using custom-developed algorithms to generate a detailed overview of past and present DBS-related research. Specifically, records were categorized by publication year, journal, language, country of origin, contributing authors, disorder, brain target, study design, and topic. Expected project duration and costs were also provided for active studies. Results: In total, 8,974 publications, 172 active NIH-funded projects, and 34 active DFG projects were identified. Records spanned 52 different disorders across 31 distinct brain targets and showed a recent shift toward studies examining conditions other than movement disorders. Most published works involved human research (80.6% of published studies), of which 10.2% were identified as clinical trials. Increasingly, studies focused on imaging or electrophysiological changes associated with DBS (69.8% NIH-active and 70.6% DFG-active vs. 25.8% published) or developing new stimulation techniques and adaptive technologies (37.8% NIH-active and 17.6% DFG-active vs. 6.5% published). Conclusions: This overview of past and present DBS-related studies provides insight into the status of DBS research and what we can anticipate in the future concerning new indications, improved/novel target selection and stimulation paradigms, closed-loop technology, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of DBS.
Internal Reliability and Validity of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory Compared with Maslach Burnout Inventory among Nigerian Resident Doctors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ogunsuji Oluwaseyi , Ogundipe Habeeb , Adebayo Oladimeji , Oladehin Tolulope , Oiwoh Sebastine , Obafemi Olufemi , Soneye Oluwafunmilayo , Agaja Oyinkansola , Uyilawa Okhuaihesuyi , Efuntoye Oluwafemi , Alatishe Taiwo , Williams Adedayo , Ilesanmi Olayinka , Atilola Olayinka
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Copyrighted Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is perhaps the most widely used and validated tool in assessing burnout among different occupations and health care professionals compared to the free to use Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of these tools in comparison with MBI among a subset of Nigerian resident doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with reliability of the burnout scales calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed by principal component analysis and correlating dimensions within each burnout tool with one another using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The criterion validity of each dimension was assessed for the ability of independent variables to predict their scores using multiple linear regression. Results: Copenhagen Personal Burnout dimension had the highest Cronbach’s alpha score of 0.91. MBI-Emotional Exhaustion had the highest correlations with Copenhagen Work-related, Copenhagen Personal-related, and Oldenburg Exhaustion burnout dimensions. Only the multiple regression models for Copenhagen personal (p = 0.04) and work-related (p = 0.02) burnout dimensions were significant, with the specialty of the residents being the significant independent variable in both models. Conclusion: CBI and OLBI have high internal consistency and reliability among the subset of resident doctors recruited into this study, CBI dimensions had the best predictive and construct validity and can be used as valid alternative to MBI.
Associations of Serum Uromodulin and Urinary Epidermal Growth Factor with Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate and Interstitial Fibrosis in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Chan Joe , Svensson My , Tannæs Tone M. , Waldum-Grevbo Bard , Jenssen Trond , Eide Ivar A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Noninvasive biomarkers that reflect tubular health and allow early recognition of accelerated graft fibrosis development are warranted. Serum uromodulin (sUmod) and urinary epidermal growth factor (uEGF) originate from kidney tubules and may reflect functional nephron mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between sUmod and uEGF with measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) and kidney allograft interstitial fibrosis percentage (IF%) score. Methods: sUmod and uEGF measurements, mGFR by iohexol-clearance and kidney allograft biopsies were obtained from kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) included in the Omega-3 fatty acids in Renal Transplantation (ORENTRA) trial at 8 weeks (baseline) and at 1 year after transplantation (end of study). Associations were analyzed with univariable and multivariable linear regression. Results: Ninety patients at baseline and 48 patients at end of study had complete study variable assessments. uEGF normalized to urinary creatinine (uEGF/Cr) was associated with mGFR both at baseline (standardized β-coefficient [Std. β-coeff] = 0.457 [p = <0.001]) and at end of study (Std. β-coeff = 0.637 [p = <0.001]). sUmod was only associated with mGFR at end of study (Std. β-coeff = 0.443 [p = 0.002]). uEGF/Cr, sUmod, and mGFR were associated with graft IF% score both at baseline (Std. β-coeff = −0.349 [p = 0.001], −0.274 [p = 0.009] and −0.289 [p = 0.006], respectively) and at end of study (Std. β-coeff = −0.365 [p = 0.011], −0.347 [p = 0.016] and −0.405 [p = 0.004], respectively). The results remained largely unchanged in multivariable analysis. Conclusion: uEGF/Cr and sUmod were associated with mGFR and graft IF% score. Our results indicate a possible role of uEGF/Cr and sUmod in the follow-up of KTRs.
Tacrolimus-Induced Leukoencephalopathy in a Renal Transplantation Patient
Authors: Ismail Ismail Ibrahim , Abdelnabi Ehab A. , Khan Riyad , Al-Hashel Jasem Y. , Sharfuddin Khaja M.
Published: February 2022

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant that is frequently used following renal transplantation. Several mild neurological side effects of tacrolimus have been reported in the literature; however, severe complications in the form of confusion, seizures, and coma are rare. Herein, we report a 16-year-old boy on tacrolimus following living-donor kidney transplant, who presented with subacute onset of hand tremors, headache, altered mental status, and progressed to akinetic mute state. He was diagnosed with tacrolimus-induced leukoencephalopathy based on findings of his magnetic resonance imaging and ruling out other possible causes. He showed clinical and radiological improvement after discontinuation of tacrolimus. Radiological features of tacrolimus-induced leukoencephalopathy are more heterogenous than commonly perceived and should be suspected in such patients. The potential neurotoxicity of tacrolimus should be recognized in patients with renal transplantation, and switching to a different immunosuppressant is warranted to prevent permanent neurological damage.
A história do Museu Casa de Portinari em palavras e imagens: de habitação a bem cultural
Authors: Parizi Letícia Fernanda Martineli , Campos Cristina de
Published: February 2022

O Museu Casa de Portinari, situado na cidade de Brodowski, foi criado para homenagear o artista plástico Candido Portinari (1903-1962), artista ligado ao Modernismo que se notabilizou internacionalmente como um dos principais artistas brasileiros do século XX. Após o seu falecimento, em 1970, os familiares começaram a se mobilizar para preservar seus documentos e obras. Dentro desse contexto, a antiga residência em que ele passou sua infância e adolescência foi tombada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional e se estabeleceu como museu, abrigando documentos, objetos, desenhos e pinturas em seu interior, reunindo, assim, um significativo acervo sobre Portinari e o conjunto de sua obra. Mostraremos como se deu a transformação dessa residência em museu e como interpretar o processo de adaptação de um ambiente tipicamente doméstico em um bem patrimonializado, que preservae guarda de forma permanente o acervo pertencente à família.
A coleção Brazil’s Popular Groups: o “artesanato” de uma narrativa
Authors: Bettamio Rafaella Lúcia de Azevedo Fereira
Published: February 2022

A vultosa coleção microfilmada Brazil’s Popular Groups (BPG) foi organizada por mais de 30 anos pelo escritório de representação da Library of Congress (LOC) do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da coleta de materiais efêmeros – em sua maioria, pôsteres, panfletos e períodicos de pequena tiragem e curta duração –, a coleção apresenta cerca de 60 anos de história de um variado grupo de movimentos sociais brasileiros . Partindo do entendimento de que  coleções resultam de processos de construção narrativa do colecionador, este artigo pretende dar visibilidade às distintas temporalidades e subjetividades que presidiram a historicidade e a construção narrativa da Brazil's Popular Groups, e, por fim, elucidar como ocorrem tais processos e de que forma as narrativas deles resultantes são enunciadas por coleções com dimensão pública.
A climatização de museus em tempos de COVID-19: recomendações
Authors: Meira Silvia Miranda , Fedeli Bruno , Vieira Ana Carolina Delgado , Lavezzo Ariane
Published: February 2022

O Grupo de Trabalho sobre Climatização de Museus, da Rede USP de Profissionais de Museus e Acervos, buscou entender a realidade da disseminação aérea do vírus SARS-CoV-2, causador da Covid-19, por meio da análise de possíveis ações para interromper a propagação do vírus na circulação de ar, como: limpeza, filtragem, ventilação e desinfecção de equipamentos. O GT apresenta, neste estudo, algumas recomendações a serem implementadas fazendo uso de estratégias de gerenciamento do ar e de ações de manutenção dos equipamentos de ar-condicionado.
A Imitação do Silêncio: um ensaio sobre o conto “A Imitação da Rosa” de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Martins Marcus Vinícus Moreira
Published: February 2022

Este ensaio visa analisar o conto “A Imitação da Rosa”, de Clarice Lispector. O conto, que é parte do livro “Laços de Família” (1960), tem se demonstrado ao longo do tempo um desafio para a crítica, devido ao seu caráter ambíguo e fragmentário e, principalmente, devido ao “deslocamento” do mesmo dentro da obra. Pretendemos, assim, trazer à luz as intrincadas relações existentes no interior do conto, visando explorar as questões do Eu e do Outro, tão caros a autora
A Concha e o Clérigo: aproximações e divergências entre Antonin Artaud e o Surrealismo
Authors: Costa Renata de Pina
Published: February 2022

O presente ensaio pretende fornecer um panorama do movimento surrealista com o objetivo de verificar algumas aproximações destas idéias com a teoria de Antonin Artaud. Após isso, será feita uma análise do filme A concha e o clérigo que é considerado o primeiro filme surrealista. O argumento e a cenografia são de Artaud e é com base nesse filme que o ensaio pretende apontar algumas idéias artaudianas sobre a sétima arte. Por ultimo, será feita a relação entre o cinema e o teatro de Artaud tendo com base o livro O teatro e seu duplo
Exposure to Violence as an Environmental Pathway Linking Low Socioeconomic Status with Altered Neural Processing of Threat and Adolescent Psychopathology
Authors: Weissman David G. , Rosen Maya L. , Colich Natalie L. , Sambrook Kelly A. , Lengua Liliana J. , Sheridan Margaret A. , McLaughlin Katie A.
Published: February 2022

Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk for psychopathology, in part because of heightened exposure to environmental adversity. Adverse experiences can be characterized along dimensions, including threat and deprivation, that contribute to psychopathology via distinct mechanisms. The current study investigated a neural mechanism through which threat and deprivation may contribute to socioeconomic disparities in psychopathology. Participants were 177 youths (83 girls) aged 10–13 years recruited from a cohort followed since the age of 3 years. SES was assessed using the income-to-needs ratio at the age of 3 years. At the age of 10–13 years, retrospective and current exposure to adverse experiences and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed. At this same time point, participants also completed a face processing task (passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces) during an fMRI scan. Lower childhood SES was associated with greater exposure to threat and deprivation experiences. Both threat and deprivation were associated with higher depression symptoms, whereas threat experiences were uniquely linked to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Greater exposure to threat, but not deprivation, was associated with higher activation in dorsomedial pFC to fearful compared with neutral faces. The dorsomedial pFC is a hub of the default mode network thought to be involved in internally directed attention and cognition. Experiences of threat, but not deprivation, are associated with greater engagement of this region in response to threat cues. Threat-related adversity contributes to socioeconomic disparities in adolescent psychopathology through distinct mechanisms from deprivation.
Electrophysiological Evidence for the Suppression of Highly Salient Distractors
Authors: Stilwell Brad T. , Egeth Howard , Gaspelin Nicholas
Published: February 2022

There has been a longstanding debate as to whether salient stimuli have the power to involuntarily capture attention. As a potential resolution to this debate, the signal suppression hypothesis proposes that salient items generate a bottom–up signal that automatically attracts attention, but that salient items can be suppressed by top–down mechanisms to prevent attentional capture. Despite much support, the signal suppression hypothesis has been challenged on the grounds that many prior studies may have used color singletons with relatively low salience that are too weak to capture attention. The current study addressed this by using previous methods to study suppression but increased the set size to improve the relative salience of the color singletons. To assess whether salient distractors captured attention, electrophysiological markers of attentional allocation (the N2pc component) and suppression (the PD component) were measured. The results provided no evidence of attentional capture, but instead indicated suppression of the highly salient singleton distractors, as indexed by the PD component. This suppression occurred even though a computational model of saliency confirmed that the color singleton was highly salient. Altogether, this supports the signal suppression hypothesis and is inconsistent with stimulus-driven models of attentional capture.
Psychological well-being in the context of gender and sexual identity
Authors: Shaekhov Zabir D.
Published: February 2022

Background. In modern psychology, the concept of social and psychological assistance to vulnerable groups of people is being actively studied and developed in order to increase their psychological well-being. One of the topical research issues is the study of psychological well-being in men and women, as well as people of diff erent sexual orientations. Th is article examines the psychological well-being of people with homo-, bi- and heterosexual orientations. Th e aim of the article is to study the diff erences in psychological well-being between men and women, as well as between people identifying themselves as homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual. Description of research progress and respondents. To study the psychological sex, we used the techique “Psychological well-being” by K. Riff in the adaptation of T.D. Shevelenkova and P.P. Fesenko. Th e study involved men and women of diff erent sexual orientations, identifi ed on the basis of the respondents’ self-report. Research results. Statistical results indicate that the scale “Positive relationships with others” is higher in women than in men (p = 0.027), and this scale is higher in heterosexuals than in bisexuals (p = 0.031). Th e “Balance of aff ect” scale is lower among homosexuals than among bisexuals (p = 0.047). Conclusion. Th e obtained results confi rm that the women who took part in our study are more successful in building up interpersonal relationships with the social world, since they are positively disposed towards society and show care. At the same time, people with heterosexual and homosexual identities are more prosperous than respondents with bisexual identities. Th e results obtained can be used in the practice of psychologists conducting psychological counseling and psychotherapy with the LGBT community
The Role of Seasonality and the ENSO Mode in Central and East Pacific ENSO Growth and Evolution
Authors: Vimont Daniel J. , Newman Matthew , Battisti David S. , Shin Sang-Ik
Published: February 2022

A cyclostationary linear inverse model (CSLIM) is used to investigate the seasonal growth of tropical Pacific Ocean El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with canonical, central Pacific (CP), or eastern Pacific (EP) sea surface temperature (SST) characteristics. Analysis shows that all types of ENSO events experience maximum growth toward final states occurring in November and December. ENSO events with EP characteristics also experience growth into May and June, but CP events do not. A single dominant “ENSO mode,” growing from an equatorial heat content anomaly into a characteristic ENSO-type SST pattern in about 9 months (consistent with the delayed/recharge oscillator model of ENSO), is essential for the predictable development of all ENSO events. Notably, its seasonality is responsible for the late-calendar-year maximum in ENSO amplification. However, this ENSO mode alone does not capture the observed growth and evolution of diverse ENSO events, which additionally involve the seasonal evolution of other nonorthogonal Floquet modes. EP event growth occurs when the ENSO mode is initially “covered up” in combination with other Floquet modes. The ENSO mode’s slow seasonal evolution allows it to emerge while the other modes rapidly evolve and/or decay, leading to strongly amplifying and more predictable EP events. CP events develop when the initial state has a substantial contribution from Floquet modes with meridional mode–like SST structures. Thus, while nearly all ENSO events involve the seasonally varying ENSO-mode dynamics, the diversity and predictability of ENSO events cannot be understood without identifying contributions from the remaining Floquet modes.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to identify structures that lead to seasonal growth of diverse types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. An important contribution from this study is that it uses an observationally constrained, empirically derived seasonal model. We find that processes affecting the evolution of diverse ENSO events are strongly seasonally dependent. ENSO events with eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) characteristics are closely related to a single “ENSO mode” that resembles theoretical models of ENSO variability. ENSO events that have central equatorial Pacific SST characteristics include contributions from additional “meridional mode” structures that evolve via different physical processes. These findings are an important step in evaluating the seasonal predictability of ENSO diversity.
Symptomatic Lingual Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in Children: A Laryngomalacia Phenotype
Authors: Shumrick Christopher M. , Calder Alyssa N. , Vecchiotti Mark A. , Scott Andrew R.
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Patients with lingual thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) can present as symptomatic with obstructive airway and feeding difficulties.

Methods:

We present 3 cases of symptomatic lingual TGDC.

Results:

All 3 patients were diagnosed with laryngomalacia and underwent further concurrent or delayed airway intervention, in addition to cyst removal.

Conclusions:

We reason that there is a phenotype of laryngomalacia in the symptomatic lingual thyroglossal duct cyst patients who present with symptoms due to disruption in laryngeal anatomy rather than the cyst itself causing obstructive symptoms. Distinguishing this phenotype, especially in comparison to other pathologies such as vallecular cysts, may better allow for planning of concurrent or delayed airway procedures and overall counseling of parents.
The Internet of Change: Foreword to the Symposium on the Google and Facebook Cases
Authors: First Harry
Published: February 2022

In this Essay, which serves as a Foreword to the Antitrust Bulletin Symposium issue on the Google and Facebook cases, I argue that the Internet is now in the process of disrupting antitrust, as it has disrupted so many other areas of business and political life. This should not be surprising. The basic architecture of the Internet—decentralization and content agnosticism—enabled disruption; disruption is a “feature not a bug.” There is no reason to think that this disruption is now over and good reason to recognize its effect on antitrust. The Essay thus sketches out some of the ways in which the “Internet of Change” is now disrupting antitrust, including basic legal concepts (“markets” “monopoly”), economic models (reduced output is not the problem), and theories of harm. The Essay then provides short descriptions of the articles in the Symposium and concludes that although the Internet of Change has increased our impatience, we may have no choice but to await the slow and uncertain progress of the current litigation.
Role Morality Discrepancy and Ethical Purchasing: Exploring Felt Responsibility in Professional and Personal Contexts
Authors: Cooper Liz , Marder Ben
Published: February 2022

The same person can make different moral judgments about the same activity in their professional role and in their personal life. For example, people may follow a different moral code when making purchases at work compared with in their private lives. This potential difference has largely remained unexamined. This study explores differences in felt moral responsibility in workplace and private purchasing settings, regarding the impacts of purchasing decisions on supply chain workers, and explores the influence of personal values and ethical work climate. The case of a high-profile university in the United Kingdom is studied, which has made strong commitments to socially responsible public procurement. Based on a survey of 318 university staff who make purchases at work, stronger moral values related to harm/care are associated with higher felt responsibility in personal purchasing than in workplace purchasing, whereas less strong harm/care values are associated with higher felt responsibility in workplace purchasing than personal purchasing. In relation to ethical work climate, detailed awareness of organizational ethical procurement commitments is found to be associated with higher felt responsibility in workplace purchasing and is also found to increase the discrepancy between workplace and personal felt responsibility, increasing felt responsibility in the workplace but not in personal purchasing. These findings demonstrate the influence of individual and contextual factors on felt responsibility across different roles. Recommendations are made for further empirical research on felt responsibility across roles and additional internal communication on social responsibility for devolved public procurement contexts.
Perceived social support and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally-representative study
Authors: Ju Yeong Jun , Kim Woorim , Lee Soon Young
Published: February 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated containment policies have led to negative mental health consequences in the general population.

Aims:

This study investigated the association between perceived social support and depressive symptoms in Korea.

Methods:

Data from the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August to November 2020 was used for this cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and perceived social support was assessed based on the number of contacts that participants had identified as being available in case participants needed isolation due to COVID-19 exposure. This study included the general adult populations aged 19 years and older. The relationship between the perceived social support and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariable liner regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on income.

Results:

Analysis of the data obtained from 225,453 participants indicated that PHQ-9 scores were highest in the group with ‘no’ perceived social support, followed by ‘low’, ‘middle’, and ‘high’ perceived levels of social support. Compared to individuals with ‘high’ perceived social support, those with ‘middle’ (β: .10, p-value <.001), ‘low (β: .07, p-value .010), and ‘no’ (β: .34, p-value <.001) perceived levels of social support showed poorer depression scores. The magnitude of the relationship found was particularly strong in the low-income group.

Conclusions:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals’ depression scores varied according to their perceived level of social support. Strategies that address the need of vulnerable individuals are required to reduce the potentially negative mental health consequences of the pandemic.
Attachment orientation and depression: A moderated mediation model of self-silencing and gender differences
Authors: Emran Ashti , Iqbal Naved , Dar Kaiser Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Background:

While the effect of insecure attachment on depression is well established, findings pertaining to the relationship between specific attachment dimensions (anxious and avoidant) and depression are inconsistent. The role of interpersonal factors underlying this effect has been little explored. ‘Silencing the Self’, a socio-cognitive construct may provide important insights as a mediating pathway from insecure attachment to depression and help resolve the inconsistencies.

Aims:

The present study explored the mediating effect of self-silencing and the role of gender as a moderator in the relation between insecure attachment orientation (i.e. avoidant and anxious) and depressive symptoms.

Method:

Data was collected via an online survey, from 121 adults who were in a relationship. The participants were asked to complete three self-report questionnaires, assessing attachment orientation, silencing the self and depressive symptoms. Moderated mediation analysis was performed using conditional process analysis.

Results:

The results indicated that the effect of both insecure attachment dimensions on depressive symptoms was mediated by silencing the self. In addition, gender moderated the association between insecure attachment and self-silencing.

Conclusions:

This study adds to the literature on mediating pathways between insecure attachment and depression, and provides a new perspective for therapeutic interventions in the context of depression. It indicates that professionals should focus on current social context and relational schemas of individuals with an insecure attachment, especially women, while treating cases of depression in clinical settings.
Bargaining for work–family benefits in the UK
Authors: Milner Susan
Published: February 2022

Using data from the Labour Research Department's Payline bank of collective agreements, and drawing on case studies of the (male-dominated) rail transport and (female-dominated) food retail sectors, this article analyses agreement on enhanced work–family benefits, focusing on maternity and paternity leave and pay, and Shared Parental Leave (SPL) and pay. The opportunity structure for bargaining, consisting of internal and external factors encouraging or facilitating union engagement with work–family measures, has developed unevenly in the British case, resulting in only a small number of agreements overall. Collectively agreed provision offers significant benefits mainly for maternity leave and pay. The analysis finds evidence of a dynamic of bargaining whereby those organisations with enhanced maternity pay continued to extend provision and to introduce new enhancements for fathers through paternity leave, but also identifies the limits of this dynamic due to complexity of policy design. The article argues that trade unions can coordinate bargaining strategy even in the absence of formal mechanisms for doing so, but that local strategy depends on the external opportunity structure at all levels.
Exploring the Role of Coping Strategies on the Impact of Client Suicide: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Van der Hallen Ruth , Godor Brian P.
Published: February 2022

Client suicide refers to cases where a mental health practitioner is exposed, affected, or bereaved by a client’s suicide and is known to have a profound impact on MHPs. The current study investigated the role of coping styles in understanding short- and long-term impact of client suicide. An international sample of 213 mental health practitioners who experienced a client suicide completed a survey on coping strategies (i.e., Brief-COPE) and the impact of traumatic events (i.e., impact of event scale-revised, long-term emotional impact scale and professional practice impact scale). Results indicate coping strategies explain 51% of the short-term, 64% of the long-term emotional and 55% of the long-term professional differences in impact of client suicide. Moreover, while an Avoidant coping style predicted more impact of client suicide, Positive coping and Humor predicted less impact of client suicide. Social Support coping did not predict impact of client suicide. Implications for both research and clinical practice are discussed.
Moving Beyond Linear Regression: Implementing and Interpreting Quantile Regression Models With Fixed Effects
Authors: Rios-Avila Fernando , Maroto Michelle Lee
Published: February 2022

Quantile regression (QR) provides an alternative to linear regression (LR) that allows for the estimation of relationships across the distribution of an outcome. However, as highlighted in recent research on the motherhood penalty across the wage distribution, different procedures for conditional and unconditional quantile regression (CQR, UQR) often result in divergent findings that are not always well understood. In light of such discrepancies, this paper reviews how to implement and interpret a range of LR, CQR, and UQR models with fixed effects. It also discusses the use of Quantile Treatment Effect (QTE) models as an alternative to overcome some of the limitations of CQR and UQR models. We then review how to interpret results in the presence of fixed effects based on a replication of Budig and Hodges’s work on the motherhood penalty using NLSY79 data.
Sacramentally Embodied, Free, Feeling Persons: A Dialogue between St. John Paul II’s Thomistic Personalism and Clinical Practice
Authors: Paulus Thomas B.
Published: February 2022

This article is an attempt to explore the theological and philosophical thought of Karol Wojtyla/John Paul II for the purpose of clinical exploration and application—what does this personalist theologian, philosopher, and pastor impart to clinicians trying to help human persons? The first half of this article offers exploration of Wojtyla/JPII’s ideas about personalism, free will, the body, and the relationship between the body, mind, emotions, and sacrament. The last section of the article attempts to extrapolate and apply these ideas to clinical practice. The article ends by offering an example of how Wojtyla/JPII’s thought might look in clinical practice and includes a specific transcript appropriated from Frederickson wherein a therapist works with the patient’s will in a way that implicitly reflects the interests of Wojtyla/JPII.
A Sigmoid-plane adaptive control algorithm for unmanned surface vessel considering marine environment interference
Authors: Wu Gongxing , Luo Wenjie , Guo Jiamin , Zhang Jiawei
Published: February 2022

This article presents an application of a Sigmoid-plane (S-plane) adaptive control algorithm to an automatic steering system in the presence of uncertain parametric of the unmanned surface vessel (USV) and the unknown disturbance of the marine environment. Due to technical difficulties such as sensor noise, the marine environment disturbance is assumed to be unmeasured. To overcome this problem, an S-plane control is designed to resist marine environment disturbances by the improved adaptive term. Based on the gradient method, the USV heading model reference adaptive controller of the USV is designed, so that the USV has a certain ability to resist model parameter changes. Considering the uncertainty of marine environment interference, a model-reference-based S-plane adaptive controller for the USV is designed. After the reference of the USV course model, the S-plane adaptive control approach is employed to reduce the effect of the marine environment. It is proved that the USV course control system is stable, despite the adverse bad sea conditions. Finally, the course control simulation experiment for the USV with the unknown marine environmental interference is carried out. To demonstrate the benefits of the S-plane adaptive controller, the results are presented in comparison with a Lyapunov method controller. The results show that the S-plane adaptive controller is robust to the changed model parameter and external disturbances.
How MI Informs Teaching at New City School
Authors: Hoerr Tom
Published: February 2022

This paper captures the use of the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) at the New City School. The implementation began in 1988 and has been characterized by a focus on student assessment and the personal intelligences. Enhanced faculty collegiality has been a product of the MI journey.
Audiences for the Theory of Multiple Intelligences*
Authors: Gardner Howard
Published: February 2022

In his closing comments, Howard Gardner discusses the various audiences that have emerged over the years for the theory of multiple intelligences. Under that rubric, he places the various papers in this issue and speculates about future lines of work on MI theory.
Old Questions for New Schools: What Are the Students Doing?
Authors: Wallace John , Wildy Helen
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted in a lighthouse school with a long and successful history of restructuring. In this article we describe our (surprising) impressions of shadowing Jake, one of the highest achieving students in the school. We present a researcher's account of Jake's classroom experience over the first four periods of a single day and an analysis of what happened in terms of the idea of studenting. We employ an actor-oriented view of studenting, comprising four aspects—pacing, attending, conforming, and selecting. We contrast this with a structure-oriented view of studenting and draw parallels with the notions of students-as-participants and students-as-benefciaries in school reform. Finally, we discuss the problems and possibilities of engaging and involving students in the process of reform.
Negotiating a Teaching Identity: An African American Teacher's Struggle to Teach in Test-Driven Contexts
Authors: Agee Jane
Published: February 2022

This case study examines the experiences of a young African American English teacher over 3 years as she tried to teach multicultural literature. The study began in her senior year of college when she was enrolled in a progressive undergraduate preservice program in English education and continued through her first 2 years as a high school English teacher. In the university program, she expressed a desire to teach multicultural literature, to use constructivist approaches to teaching that built on students’ personal experiences, and to broaden students’ understanding of racial and cultural differences. Yet in her preservice teaching as well as in her first 2 years as a teacher, she found her goals difficult to implement. Her envisioned identity as a teacher who would help students to understand and celebrate racial diversity began to unravel as she struggled with the demands of school policies, mandated assessments, and racial bias. Teacher identity, as described here, is a discursive space where an imagined role is negotiated among possible roles. In this case, a young African American teacher found her imagined teacher identity thwarted by state mandates, mainstream constructions of a teacher role, and ideologies of curriculum and assessment. Her story speaks to the gap between progressive teacher education programs and the demands of mandated, high-stakes tests on schools and teachers. One result of mandated tests is their tendency to silence diverse points of view, a factor that may further contribute to the lack of teachers of color in American schools.
Mentor-Novice Conversations about Teaching: A Comparison of Two U.S. and Two Chinese Cases
Authors: Wang Jian , Strong Michael , Odell Sandra J.
Published: February 2022

Mentor-novice collaborative reflection about teaching is crucial to the development of novices’ professional knowledge. However, few studies examine content and forms of mentor-novice conversations and opportunities that such interactions create for developing professional knowledge. Drawing on observation data from two U.S. and two Chinese mentor-novice pairs in induction contexts, this study analyzed the content and forms of mentor-novice conversations about novices’ lessons. We found that the U.S. and Chinese mentor-novice interactions were different in focus and form, and these differences were likely related to the curriculum structures and organization of teaching and mentoring in each country. The interactions either offered or restricted novices’ opportunities for developing professional knowledge necessary for reform-minded teaching.
Standards, Accountability, and School Reform
Authors: Darling-Hammond Linda
Published: February 2022

The standards-based reform movement has led to increased emphasis on tests, coupled with rewards and sanctions, as the basis for “accountability” systems. These strategies have often had unintended consequences that undermine access to education for low-achieving students rather than enhancing it. This article argues that testing is information for an accountability system; it is not the system itself. More successful outcomes have been secured in states and districts, described here, that have focused on broader notions of accountability, including investments in teacher knowledge and skill, organization of schools to support teacher and student learning, and systems of assessment that drive curriculum reform and teaching improvements.
Testing High-Stakes Tests: Can We Believe the Results of Accountability Tests?
Authors: Greene Jay P. , Winters Marcus A. , Forster Greg
Published: February 2022

This study examines whether the results of standardized tests are distorted when rewards and sanctions are attached to them, making them high-stakes tests. It measures the correlation in school-level test results—including both score levels and year-to-year score changes—on high-stakes and low-stakes tests administered in the same schools in nine school systems. It finds that test score levels generally correlate very well, while year-to-year score changes correlate very well in Florida but much more weakly in other school systems. It concludes that the stakes of high-stakes tests do not distort information about the general level at which students are performing, and in Florida they also do not prevent the tests from providing accurate information about school influence over student progress.
Accountability Policies and Teacher Decision Making: Barriers to the Use of Data to Improve Practice
Authors: Ingram Debra , Louis Karen Seashore , Schroeder Roger G.
Published: February 2022

One assumption underlying accountability policies is that results from standardized tests and other sources will be used to make decisions about school and classroom practice. We explore this assumption using data from a longitudinal study of nine high schools nominated as leading practitioners of Continuous Improvement (CI) practices. We use the key beliefs underlying continuous improvement—derived from educational applications of Deming's TQM models—and organizational learning to analyze teachers’ responses to district expectations that they would use data to assess their own, their colleagues’, and their schools’ effectiveness and to make improvements. The findings suggest that most teachers are willing, but they have significant concerns about the kind of information that is available and how it is used to judge their own and colleagues’ performance. Our analysis reveals some cultural assumptions that are inconsistent with accountability policies and with theories of continuous improvement and organizational learning. We also identify barriers to use of testing and other data that help to account for the limited impacts.
Pedagogical Praxis: The Professions as Models for Postindustrial Education
Authors: Shaffer David Williamson
Published: February 2022

In this article, I propose a theory of pedagogical praxis. Pedagogical praxis begins with the premise that under the right conditions, computers and other information technologies can make it easier for students to become active participants in meaningful projects and practices in the life of their community and suggests that professional practices such as architecture, mediation, and journalism can provide constructive models for helping students learn from such experiences. In this vision, new technology reinvigorates Dewey's (1915) idea of linking school with society. Technology builds a bridge that allows young people to participate in the learning practices of professionals; in the process, they develop epistemological frameworks that organize the skills, habits, and understandings they need to thrive in a complex, postindustrial society. Although further work needs to be done to explore the processes through which such learning can take place, studies suggest that this perspective may be a productive avenue for continuing research. This article presents an overview of the theories and methods that inform such work.
Toward “Epistemic Reflexivity” in Educational Research: A Response to Scientific Research in Education
Authors: Moss Pamela A.
Published: February 2022

In this response to Scientific Research in Education (National Research Council, 2002), I argue that the report has provided us with a carefully considered but partial vision of social science that limits the capacity of our field to engage in critical self-reflection. As one counterexample to the vision of social science portrayed in the report, I draw on the work of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu's work not only offers an alternative vision of social science, but it also treats academic fields, including social sciences, as objects of study, illuminating the social forces that shape categories of thought and action. As such, it invites a rigorous form of self-reflection that is not promoted within SRE's vision of social science.