bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVLET DESTEKLİ BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİ VE MAKRO DÜZEYDE EKONOMİK YANSIMALARI
Authors: TURGUT Murat
Published: June 2021

Hükümetin emeklilik hesaplarına doğrudan katkıda bulunduğu yeni bir bireysel emeklilik sistemi, 2013'ten beri Türkiye'de icra olunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu yeni bireysel emeklilik sisteminin, tasarruf oranı, sermaye stoku ve bireylerin uzun vadeli refahı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Bireysel emeklilik varlıklarındaki artışın %23,9'u, artan tasarruf sağlamaktadır. Yeni sistemin somut sermaye stokundaki etkisi %15,6'lık bir artıştır. Uzun dönem refah analizine göre, doğmamış bir birey ekonomiye bireysel emeklilik hesapları ile doğmuş olmayı tercih etmektedir. Sonuç olarak da, bireysel emeklilik hesaplarında alınan ücretlerin düşürülmesinin, net tasarruf oranının ve fiziksel sermayenin stokunda belirgin bir iyileşme sağladığı savunulmaktadır.
PENGARUH EDUKASI METODE TELENURSING TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MINUM SUPLEMEN Fe PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS PERTIWI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Wirmando  , Ramadhani Nurnisa , Situngkir Rosmina , Exposto Aurelia Antonieta
Published: June 2021

Riwayat Artikel:Received : xxxxxRevised : xxxxx Accepted : xxxxxIbu hamil memerlukan zat besi ±840 mg selama masa kehamilan. Rendahnya kadar zat besi pada ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada ibu seperti anemia kehamilan dan gangguan tumbuh kembang janin. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut ibu harus meminum suplemen Fe secara rutin minimal 90 tablet tetapi kepatuhan minum suplemen ibu masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pada ibu hamil, para perawat dapat melakukan telenursing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh edukasi metode telenursing terhadap kepatuhan minum suplemen Fe pada ibu hamil. Rancangan penelitian ini ialah pre-experimental dengan rancangan the static group comparison pada 30 responden yang terbagi menjadi kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan usia kehamilan trimester I dan II. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dan intervensi telenursing yang diberikan berupa video edukasi berdurasi ±5 menit dan teks reminder yang dikirimkan setiap hari selama 30 hari. Kepatuhan minum suplemen Fe diukur dengan kuesioner MMAS-8 yang sudah dimodifikasi diberikan sesudah intervensi. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dengan tingkat kemaknaan ?=0,05. Dengan nilai rata-rata kepatuhan pada kelompok kasus 18,73 dan kelompok kontrol 12,27 (p=0,029). Hal ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh edukasi metode telenursing terhadap kepatuhan minum suplemen Fe pada ibu hamil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan agar telenursing dijadikan salah satu alternatif dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Sınıf İçi Etkinlik Geçişlerinde Kullandıkları İşitsel Stratejilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: BOZAN Belkıs , DEMİR Burçin , KARAHALLI Canan , BAY Döndü Neslihan
Published: June 2021

Okul öncesi öğretmenleri sınıflarında başta işitsel stratejiler olmak üzere çeşitli geçiş stratejilerinden yararlanmaktadırlar. Öğretmenlerin kullandığı bu geçiş stratejilerinin ortaya konulması etkili sınıf yönetiminin sağlanabilmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf içi etkinlik geçişlerinde kullandıkları işitsel stratejilerin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırma, durum desenin kullanıldığı nitel bir araştırmadır. Amaçlı örneklem türlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemi ve ölçüt örneklem kullanılmıştır. Kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemine göre Eskişehir ili merkez ilçelerindeki 2 bağımsız anaokulu, ölçüt örnekleme göre de öğretmenlerin en az 10 yıl mesleki kıdeme sahip olması ölçüt olarak belirlenmiş ve 21 okul öncesi öğretmeni araştırmaya katılmıştır. Nitel veriler öğretmenlere hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla, yaklaşık 10-15 dakika süren yüz yüze görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Görüşme yoluyla toplanan verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Görüşmelerde öğretmenlerin verdiği cevaplar temalara göre kodlanmıştır. Temalar üzerinde elde edilen veriler yüzde frekans tabloları halinde düzenlenmiş ve doğrudan alıntılar yapılarak öğretmenlerin görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sınıf içi etkinlik geçişlerinde işitsel stratejilerden en çok şarkı, parmak oyunu ve tekerlemeleri kullandıkları görülmüştür. Öğretmenler bu stratejileri kullanırken beden hareketlerine yer verdiklerini ve ritim aletleri kullanabildiklerini belirtmiş; bu stratejilerin çocukların dikkatlerini toplamalarını, etkinliklere katılımlarını sağladığını ve bu sayede gelişimlerinin desteklendiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca kullanılan işitsel stratejilere ek olarak görsel içerikli resim kartlarının kullanılabileceği öğretmenler tarafından önerilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları ilgili alan yazın ile tartışılmıştır.
The philosophy of evolution
Authors: Hordovskyi Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

An attempt to combine the science of biology with philosophy in the understanding of the evolution in general and the species concept and its variability in particular is presented. The aim of the article is to return to the origins of natural philosophy. The article uses a hermeneutic approach to the study of sacred science as the only undistorted source of all knowledge on the planet. The article is dedicated to all non-stereotypically thinking scientists who have devoted themselves to the search for the truth.
Zoonoses as factor of evolution, population dynamics, and speciation
Authors: Evstafiev Igor , Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: June 2021

The role of zoonoses in changes of animal populations and communities is considered. The analysis was carried out using examples of population dynamics of small mammals distributed in the Crimean Peninsula, under the influence of the main zoonoses common for this territory, in particular tularaemia, leptospirosis, Marseille fever, viral tick-borne encephalitis, Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis, Crimea-Congo fever, KU fever, HFRS, and many others. Such data were analysed according to databases on the state of small-mammal populations and zoonoses common in these populations, obtained by original studies over the past 40 years. The role of zoonoses as factors of evolutionary changes in populations of small mammals is considered, in particular as a factor of mortality leading to significant reductions in population numbers and fragmentation of species ranges, as well as factors determining co-evolution of pathogens, vectors (arthropods), and small-mammals as hosts. Both groups of factors lead to the formation of population diversity due to changes in character variability and the formation of new characters associated with adaptations to zoonoses.
Morphological variation of the spermatheca of Mocyta fungi (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Glotov Sergiy
Published: June 2021

The variation of spermatheca of Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst, 1806) has been studied. Mocyta fungi is a widespread Holarctic species, which by a combination of morphological and biological features belongs nowadays to the genus Mocyta (Mulsant & Rey, 1874), tribe Athetini (Casey, 1910), subfamily Aleocharinae (Fleming, 1821), family Staphylinidae (Latreille, 1802). Based on a survey of museum collections, the author’s own gatherings, and collections of Ukrainian entomologists, a total of 349 specimens from Ukraine, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Germany, Poland, and Russia have been studied. Additionally, based on the analysis of all known literature data, a wide range of variation of the spermatheca of Mocyta fungi has been compiled. The wide morphological variability of the form of the spermatheca in Mocyta fungi in different parts of the species range indicates the need for careful use of the form of the spermatheca taxonomic works, especially when describing new species based on the study of one or a few specimens. In addition, the most effective group of diagnostic features has been compiled for Mocyta fungi, which can be used to identify species quickly and reliably both in the field and during cameral identification. The information on the species’ distribution in the territory of Ukraine has been clarified and significantly supplemented by new findings. The results can be used to address a number of theoretical issues of faunistics, zoogeography, and ecology, as well as in compiling the inventory of the fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, for comparative faunal research, in the analysis of species distribution, in biogeographic constructions, studies of faunogenesis, ecological monitoring and prediction of consequences of the influence of human activities on natural ecosystems of the region.
Unique issues of the species concept in molluscs of the genus Corbicula: a mismatch of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes
Authors: Morhun Halyna , Son Mikhail , Utevsky Serge
Published: June 2021

Molluscs of the genus Corbicula are well-known invasive bivalves found all over the world. These ecologically important clams are characterised by a wide range of habitats (both brackish waters and freshwater environments) and by contrasting modes of reproduction in native ranges (including sexual and asexual modes) and in invasive ranges (asexual mode). The asexual freshwater Corbicula reproduces through androgenetic fertilization, also termed “egg parasitism”, where the oocyte nucleus is replaced by the spermatozoon nucleus, yet the mitochondria are inherited from the mother cell. This results in a mismatch between the genetic material of the nucleus and mitochondria (and, accordingly, with the external morphology of the shell). In addition, the low nucleotide diversity in the genus Corbicula challenges the delimitation of separate species, thus it is difficult to apply the traditional taxonomic and phylogenetic species criteria to Corbicula populations.
Issues of species diagnostics of fossil fishes
Authors: Kovalchuk Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the methodological problems of diagnostics of the palaeoich-thyological material from alluvial sediments and to the search for ways of their solu-tion on the example of processing fish remains from late Cenozoic deposits in the south of Eastern Europe. The complexity of such studies (determination to the species level based on skeletal elements) is noted given the limited amount of respective information in the diagnoses accepted in ichthyology. The importance of creation and enrichment of comparative osteological collections is emphasised and possible alternative sources of information for species diagnostics of fossil fish remains from sediments of different age are proposed. Accurate and detailed identification of the palaeoichthyological ma-terial directly depends on the state of its preservation. A set of skeletal structures and features is presented, according to which the author has described extinct species of bony fishes as new to science. The specifics of the use of open nomenclature during the processing of palaeoichthyological material are explained. A new approach to deter-mining the systematic affiliation of fish remains is described and the contradiction be-tween morphological and molecular data is clarified.
On the problem of craniological differentiation in two species of the green monkeys: Chlorocebus pygerythrus and C. aethiops (Cercopithecidae, Primates)
Authors: Sudarikova Elena
Published: June 2021

The problem of taxonomic differentiation in the order Primates is one of the important problems of evolutionary anthropology and primatology. The systematics of primates reflects their evolutionary relationships and allows to reconstruct the possible ways of formation of particular groups. Clarification of primate taxonomy involves a wide range of data, primarily from the field of morphology. Among the morphological features that distinguish particular taxa, the special role belongs to the system of craniological characters, which allow diagnosing the skulls in museum collections or fossil materials. The article is devoted to craniological identification of two species of the genus Chlorocebus: Chlorocebus pygerythrus (vervets) and Chlorocebus aethiops (grivets).
Recent changes of entomofaunal diversity in meadow-steppe habitats of northwest Podillia (on example of Lepidoptera)
Authors: Kanarsky Yurii
Published: June 2021

Based on the results of perennial investigations and reference data analysis, an estimation of entomofaunal diversity changes is carried out for meadow-steppe habitats of NW Podillia (Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) on the example of one of the best-known taxonomical groups (Lepidoptera). An approbation of formerly elaborated methods for the monitoring of key invertebrate groups diversity, which indicate ecosystem conditions, was worked out. Complex eco-geographical analysis of species composition as well as retrospective evaluation of several species range changes shows the progressive decline in diversity at the expense of the most unique grassland and forest-steppe faunal elements. The general factors that threaten entomofaunal diversity of meadow-steppe habitats are spatial structure changes because of artificial or spontaneous afforestation, decrease and fragmentation of its area because of economic activities and the impact of climate changes.
Changes of knowledge of the fauna volume: species discovery curve in case of silken-fungus beetles of the Carpathians
Authors: Ocheretna Kateryna
Published: June 2021

The approach to the analysis of the fauna composition and completeness of its detection through the concept of “species discovery curve” is considered. Beetles of the family Cryptophagidae were taken as a model group. The dynamics of the accumulation of the information about the composition and volume of the Cryptophagidae fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians during the eight stages of their study (the middle XIX, late XIX and the end of XIX century, the beginning of the XX century, the period until 1930–1940; middle and second half of XX century, and the current state for 1999 and 2021) are presented. In general, the composition of the cryptophagid fauna in the Ukrainian Carpathians is estimated at 116 species. This is 16 % more compared to what was known 100 years ago, i.e. each stage of the study adds about 5 % to the known species richness of this group of beetles. The components of fauna changes are analysed separately: 1) due to the changes in the nomenclature of existing species, 2) as a result of finding rare species (i.e. strengthening research efforts), 3) due to division or vice versa – combining existing species into two or three “small” species that were previously considered as morphs, varieties, or were not distinguished.
What is needed to preserve at least one animal species in a particular protected area?
Authors: Timoshenkov Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to find out what role small reserves of protected steppe play in animal conservation. What can be preserved with the help of small reserves: species, population, or a group of individuals? What role do reserves play in each case? The work is based on the author's observations of animals in the territory of Striltsivsky Steppe (division of Luhansk Nature Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), which at that time occupied an area of 522.7 hectares, as well as and in Khomutovsky Steppe (division of the Ukrainian Natural Steppe Reserve of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) with an area of 1030.4 hectares in the period from 1985 to 2007. Materials of the Chronicles of Nature of these two reserves are also analysed. The problem of species protection is considered on the example of four species: common hamster (Cricetus cricetus), meadow hawk (Circus pygargus), pink starling (Sturnus roseus), and barn owl (Asio flammeus). It is investigated how the protection regime affects the conservation of these species. Reserves here act as territories, as state organizations, and as scientific institutions. It is shown how the use of different functions of reserves and their combinations in relation to a particular animal species can contribute to its conservation.
Importance of idea about species in forming the common zoological nomenclature
Authors: Fesenko Hennadiy
Published: June 2021

This work shows that the Latin and Ukrainian nomenclatures of the birds of the world are based on vernacular names inherent in the living language. The main principle of forming both nomenclature systems is specificity of the name of each taxon, in particular own names which denote bird species. Both systems are also based on the principles of typification and unification of names on each taxonomic level. They are guided by the principle of priority of names used for the first time in relation to the species in scientific works, but with some features in each of these names of systems, which causes some differences between them. There are examples of choosing some Ukrainian species names. In contrast to Latin, the Ukrainian nomenclature uses not only two-word bird species names, but also one-word ones. In addition, the Ukrainian species names have a certain autonomy compared to Latin, because they do not change in the case of inclusion of the species into other genus. Considerable attention was paid to the use of complex nouns inherent in the Ukrainian nomenclature of birds, and it was concluded that since they have the function of a special term, the two nouns of each pair should be written through a hyphen. An explanation has been made of several species with two-word Ukrainian names, the nouns of which should be changed because they are markers for other bird families, not those to which these species belong. The opinion is expressed that in the domestic nomenclature patronymic names are not appropriate, as they do not contain information about the species designated by them. It is necessary to choose characteristic names, i.e. those in which a certain feature of a bird is specified.
PRICE BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN YERBA MATE EXPORTED TO URUGUAY BETWEEN 1997 AND 2018
Authors: Heimann Jaqueline De Paula , Machado Marco Antonio Dias , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Leodoro da Silva João Carlos Garzel , De Paula Thiago Rodrigues , Costa Junior Francisco
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate price seasonality of the Brazilian Yerba mate exported to the Uruguayan market, serving as a basis for decision-making to the producers. For this purpose, we collected data on Brazilian yerba mate exports to Uruguay, available in the ALICE-WEB System, which, after deflation, were used to determine the Seasonal Index for different periods between 1997 and 2018 The results showed that the market for yerba mate does not present regular historical cycles, the prices of the Brazilian product in the Uruguayan market suffer constant  falls and increases. Nevertheless, it is possible to observe a long-term trend of increasing the real price of the product at an average rate of 0.33% per month. It is possible to conclude that the price of Brazilian yerba mate in the Uruguayan market was in the ascendancy until the beginning of 2015, when the Uruguayan Justice instituted an investigation to investigate the presence of cadmium and lead at levels above the allowed ones in the Brazilian product. At the end of the study period, there was a slight tendency  to recover prices, however, only new studies will be able to verify if the price of Brazilian yerba on the Uruguayan market will reach levels similar to those registered before the judicial embargo.Keywords: international trade; seasonality; competitiveness.
GENETIC VARIABILITY IN JUVENILE CHARACTERS OF PROGENIES OF Apuleia leiocarpa
Authors: Lovatel Queli Cristina , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Gerber Tamara Rosa , De Oliveira Luciana Magda , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira , Silveira Maiara Fortuna
Published: June 2021

The objective of this search was to quantify the genetic variability in progenies from grápia mother trees in natural populations, for initial growth characters of the seedlings. Seeds were collected from 13 mother trees, from four origins, located in the municipalities of Pareci Novo, São José do Sul and Aratiba in RS, and Seara in SC, as well as data from plants and place of origin. Biometrics were performed on 100 seeds lot from each mother tree, and an experiment was installed to evaluate progenies in a completely randomized design. It was evaluated the seedling emergence speed and the emergence percentage, the stem diameter and seedlings height, as well as the final survival percentage. A significative difference was found for all variables observed for seeds and seedlings of grápia mother trees. Seed length and width demonstrated high values for individual heritability in the narrow sense (above 0.6), being possible to use the seed size for an analysis of genetic variability between plants of the species, but not as an indicative variable of physiological quality and vigor. The correlation analysis indicated that the seedling emergence percentage is related to the characteristics of the mother plant plant (height and diameter). Thus, the use of seedlings for forest restoration areas is appropriate, as they have indications of genetic diversity.
STEMFLOW NUTRIENT INPUT IN TREES IN A TROPICAL FOREST IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL
Authors: Morais Yasmim Yathiara Gomes Araújo , Freire Fernando José , Lima Rosival Barros de Andrade , Assunção Edilane Alice de Alcântara , Leão Shyrlaine Lilian Moura , Ralph Lidiana Nayara
Published: June 2021

Rainfall is the main source of water in forest ecosystems and stemflow is an important pathway for nutrients to enter these ecosystems. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate effective precipitation in a fragment of tropical forest and stemflow nutrient input of tree species in different periods of rainfall. Total precipitation and throughfall were measured using rain gauges inside and at the edge of the fragment. After a phytosociological survey, nine species with the highest absolute density in the fragment were chosen and three individuals were selected. Water collectors were fixed around their trunk to collect stemflow water. The stemflow water was measured in milliliters, and pH, electrical conductivity and the input of K, P and Na were determined. Based on the throughfall and stemflow, the effective precipitation was calculated. The stemflow nutrient input presented the following decreasing order: Na>K>P. The high input of Na can be explained by the fact that the fragment is close to the coastal area. Stemflow of forest species proved to be an important pathway for nutrients to enter forest ecosystems, effectively participating in nutrient cycling.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS FOUND IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST SEED BANK, IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL
Authors: Silva Joselane Príscila Gomes Da , Marangon Luiz Carlos , Feliciano Ana Lícia Patriota , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification and floristic composition of seedlings of tree species, located in the soil seed bank of a remnant of the Dense Ombrophilous Forest of the Lowlands, in the Northeast of Brazil, from a morphofunctional ecology standpoint. A hundred and fifty two soil samples (0.2 m x 0.15 m x 0.05 m) were taken from a forest remnant, stored in polyethylene bags, identified and then taken to the Forest Nursery at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, where they were placed in polyethylene boxes under a 70% shade cloth and evaluated daily for a period of seven months. The seedlings emerged were photographed, separated into morphospecies, identified at the family and gender level and, when possible, at the species level. The density and absolute frequency, as well as the successional and morphological classification of the seedling cotyledons were estimated. In total, 1,577 seedlings of 31 morphospecies were cataloged. Melastomataceae was the family that presented the greatest richness, representing 48% of the species identified. The average density was 344.62 seeds.m-2, with higher densities for species of the family Melastomataceae, together with Maprounea guianensis and Cecropia palmata. There was a predominance of seedlings with epigeal and phanerocotylar germination, and with foliaceous cotyledons, corresponding to 93.56%. The seed bank was composed, predominantly, by pioneer species such as Cecropia palmata, Henriettea succosa, Miconia hypoleuca and Miconia tomentosa. Seedlings with epigeal germination, foliaceous and phanerocotylar cotyledons predominated for being easily established in more open areas.
SUBSTRATES AND INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID IN MINI-CUTTINGS ROOTING OF Carya illinoinensis (WANGENH) K. KOCH
Authors: Hilgert Marcio Alberto , Lazarotto Marilia , Campos de Sá Larissa , Fior Claudimar Sidnei , Dutra de Souza Paulo Vitor
Published: June 2021

Mini-cutting technique of tree species is an effective method of maintaining desirable features of plant matrices and uniformity. The objective of the present research was to determine substrate and concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) more suitable for mini-cuttings of Carya illinoinensis rooting. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with mist, from February to May 2018. The used experimental design was in blocks with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 5, in which three substrates were tested: carbonized rice husk, vermiculite and perlit; and five IBA concentration : 0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 and 8,000 mg L-1. The mini-cuttings were apical, produced from seedlings, with eight months of age. Mini-cuttings were made with two leaves cut in half and 8 to 10 cm in length. The use of IBA influenced results obtained with all substrates, except for the variable number of roots, in which only IBA effect was observed. However, higher results were obtained with  IBA uses together with substrate carbonized rice husk, obtaining estimated maximum point of 91% of rooted mini-cuttings with 3,957 mg L-1 IBA concentration. For other evaluated variables, except root numbers, it was also observed superior results close to 4,000 mg L-1 IBA concentration with substrate carbonized rice husk. Results indicate the possibility of Carya illinoinensis propagation by mini-cutting technique and as an alternative for this specie plantlets production.
PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF COLUBRINA GLANDULOSA PERKINS WITH DRILLING WASTE FROM OIL WELLS AND MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION
Authors: Camara Rodrigo , Ribeiro Júlio César , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Silva Ana Caroline Rodrigues , Oliveira Filho Joel Quintino , Zonta Everaldo
Published: June 2021

Oil exploration, whether onshore or offshore, results in residues from the drilling of wells, called gravel. The use of this environmental liability in the production of seedlings for forest restoration could contribute to an appropriate destination for this waste. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the substrate formulated with gravel, with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on the growth and nutritional status of seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa. The design used was completely randomized in a 5x2 factorial scheme, with five gravel doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), with and without inoculation with a mixture of AMF spores (Gigaspora margarita¸ Rhizophagus clarus, and Dentiscutata heterogama) with six repetitions, totaling 60 experimental units. Height (H) and stem diameter (SD) were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after seedling transplantation, when the plants were sectioned in shoots (branches + leaves) and roots, to determine dry biomass of shoots (DMS) and of roots (DMR), leaf area index (LAI), rate of length of fine roots colonized by AMF (COL), and chemical composition. The substrate obtained with the application of the lowest gravel dose (5%), without the mycorrhizal inoculation, provided significant increments in H, SD, LAI, DMS, DMR, and COL of the seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa, when compared to the other gravel doses and the presence of mycorrhizal inoculation, 120 days after seedling transplantation.
STRATEGIES THAT FAVOR MYCORRHIZATION IN THE REFORESTATION OF A DISTURBED AREA IN THE SEMIARID REGION
Authors: Gomes Costa Mirian Cristina , De Abreu Vasconcelos Mario Rógeson , Pontes Filho Roberto Albuquerque , Alves Lima Luan , Martins Melo José Lucas , Mendes Filho Paulo Furtado
Published: June 2021

Hydrogel and mulch added to the soil may favor arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), contributing to the reforestation of disturbed lands in semiarid regions. This study aimed to evaluate AMF colonization in the roots of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong in response to the application of hydrogel and mulch (bagana) from carnauba palm (Copernicia cerifera L.) to the soil and their effects in the soil and plants. A field experiment was set up in April 2014 in Ibaretama (Ceará, Brazil) in a randomized block design in a 2×4 factorial scheme – with mulch (+M) e without mulch (−M) × hydrogel doses (0, 4, 5, and 6 g L−1) –, with five replicates. Samples of roots, soil, and leaves were collected 18 months after the beginning of the experiment to determine AMF colonization in the roots and nutrient contents in the soil and plant material. The hydrogel dose of 6 g L−1 and mulch application equivalent to 10 Mg ha−1 increased AMF colonization by 21 e 44%, respectively. Soil contents of Ca, K, and Zn decreased with hydrogel doses without mulch but increased in the presence of the carnauba palm residue applied as mulch. A higher P content in the plant material was not associated with AMF colonization. The leaf content of Ca responded only to the treatment with mulch, reaching the highest value (3.8 g kg−1) in the absence of mulch.
Impacts of Sense of Career Calling and Perceived Career Development Opportunities on Work Engagement: A Case Study of Undergraduate Academic Advisor
Authors: Sun Li , Cheng Ning
Published: June 2021

This article studies the impacts of sense of career calling and perception of career development opportunities on work engagement, taking academic advisors as survey object. An online questionnaire survey was carried out on academic advisors of colleges and universities in Henan Province, China. Purposive sampling is used for the convenience of data collection, and a total of 400 valid questionnaires were received. SPSS statistical software is used to conduct descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, and regression analysis of sample data. Research results show that academic advisors have a higher sense of career calling, perception of career development opportunities, and work engagement. Married teachers have a higher sense of career calling, perception of career development opportunities, and work engagement. Sense of career calling and perceived career development opportunities have a significant positive impact on work engagement, and career mission has a greater impact on work engagement than perceived career development opportunities. This research can help college administrators and decision makers realize the importance of the psychological needs of academic advisors in improving work engagement.
Determinant Factors of Non-Performing Loan among Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries in Malaysia
Authors: Zariyawati M. A. , Hirnissa M. T. , Muhammad-Mujb K. A.
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to investigate the determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) using a case of the Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (NBFIs) in Malaysia during the period from 2009 to 2018. The study revealed that the level of NPLs can be attributed to both NBFI-specific factors (internal factors) and macroeconomic factors. The assessments on panel data analysis were done using STATA software. The results show that NBFI size, Profit (ROA), Lending Interest Rate (IR), and Inflation (INF) have a significant positive relationship with NPLs. The findings reveal that NPLs tend to increase with the deteriorating bank’s efficiency. The larger the NBFI size, higher profit, and high interest contribute to the increment of NPLs. Meanwhile, NPL also increases due to the change in economic condition, particularly with a rise in inflation rate. Hence, for NBFIs to decrease their NPLs, they should consider these factors during the lending process.
Investigating the Association Between Stress Coping Strategies and Social Support in COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Fallah Bahareh , Nasiriani Khadijeh , Mehrabbeik Akram , Nazmiah Hossein , Sheikh Pour Elnaz , Ghanizadeh Fatemeh , Hajimaghsoudi Majid , Baghian Najmeh
Published: June 2021

Background: The global spread of COVID-19, due to its pathogenesis and high mortality rate, has caused high levels of stress among various levels of societies. Hence, it is necessary to investigate social support interventions concerning their effectiveness and accessibility. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the association between coping strategies and social support in survivors of COVID-19. Methods: Following a descriptive-correlational design, using the census method, 158 discharged cases with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020 were recruited. Data collection tools included the demographic characteristics questionnaire, CISS-48 stress-coping methods, and Wax's social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression in SPSS version 22. Results: The most and least frequent stress coping strategies used by patients were problem-oriented (48.49 ± 9.99) and avoidance-oriented stress strategies (24.48 ± 4.11), respectively. Family support (39.02 ± 4.20) was the major source of support. There was a significant correlation between the score of social support and the total score of stress, problem-oriented, and avoidance-oriented stress. According to the regression analysis, there was a significant association between the score of coping strategies and educational level. Conclusions: By increasing the awareness of COVID-19 patients about problem-based coping strategies, their stress can be reduced. Also, due to the high level of social support provided by the family, planning for family-centered nursing interventions and engaging family members in the care of COVID-19 patients are important.
We Lack a Culture: Reflections on Hebrew Education
Authors: Levinas Emmanuel , Kranz Mendel , Poizat Denis ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

he following is an essay by Emmanuel Levinas, newly translated by Mendel Kranz, concerning Jewish culture and education, Hebrew studies, and Zionism. The essay was first published in 1954 in the United States by The Alliance Review, a small journal affiliated with the Alliance israélite universelle, and has since been almost entirely forgotten. In 2011–2012, it was republished in French by Denis Poizat based on the original draft found in the Alliance archives. Preceding Levinas’s essay is a preface by Kranz that situates it at the intersection of Levinas’s postwar project for Judaism, his relation to Zionism, and the colonial backdrop of the ENIO—three issues that are rarely considered together in Levinas scholarship. Poizat also provides some commentary on the question of education and the similarities between this and other essays by Levinas.
Aesthetical views of Vojislav Vučković in the light of 'Theory of reflection and critical theory'
Authors: Milojković Milan
Published: June 2021

Although Vojislav Vučković (1910-1942) did not leave an elaborate and selfcontained theoretical system behind, his creativity can nevertheless be perceived from a relatively integral perspective, thanks to collections of papers published posthumously. It should be kept in mind that our great composer lost his life at the pinnacle of productivity; hence, we can safely say that his work was interrupted in every sense of the word, and thus left somewhat fragmentary. There is a very significant difference between the views on problem solving he advocated in his early essays and those he promoted before and during the war, given that the timespan involved is just ten years (1932-1942). Based on these theoretical wanderings, one could assume that Vučković was following the intensive changes on the West European theoretical stage of his time, endeavouring to shape his standpoints in a dialogue with the main theoretical currents. In this text, I will try to highlight the possible connections between some of Vuþkoviügs views and the theories which left an important imprint on the cultural life of Europe between the wars, such as the theory of reflection by Todor Pavlov (1890-1977) and critical (aesthetical) theory by Theodor Adorno (1903-1969) and Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). It should be said that Vučković used Pavlov's theory directly, but in a quite distinctive way which, alongside the theoretical trends of the upcoming generation of Marxist thinkers, was close to the critical standpoints of distinguished members of the Frankfurt School, who in those years, like Vučković, were writing new chapters of the history of aesthetics
Popular music, social protest and their semiotic implications
Authors: Martinelli Dario
Published: June 2021

The goal of this article is to discuss the relationship between popular music (song writing, in particular) and issues of social protest, as portrayed in the various repertoires. The interface of the analysis is of a semiotic type, and the steps will follow a path that goes from problematizing the issue as such (with an emphasis on the current difficulties of identifying protest songs in terms of "genre"), to the definition of those stylistic elements pertaining to the context (in/for which these songs are written and/or played), the themes (as appearing from the lyrics) and the music itself (with the implication that the latter aspect is normally underrated in its significance, within such a process).
Who am I - I am: Reflections of/on self in Srđan Hofman's 'Ogledalo [Mirror]' for trio (mezzo-soprano, violoncello, piano) and chamber ensemble (2012)
Authors: Mikić Vesna
Published: June 2021

The article deals with Sran Hofman's recent piece: Ogledalo for trio and chamber ensemble. The interpretation aims at discovering the vehicles for Hofman's procedures , as well as defining the results he achieved in the piece. Starting from the assumption that the piece, in a way, sublimates all of his previous achievements, the article follows the lines of Hofman's mature poetics in the form of a "story" of composers searching and finding the answers to ontological, phenomenological and existential questions.
New works inspired by Njegoš: Marking the bicentenary of the birth of P. P. Njegoš
Authors: Radulović Branka
Published: June 2021

Celebrations of Njegoš's anniversaries have always been an opportunity for the artist to approach-Njegoš. This also happened on the latest, 200th anniversary of Njegoš's birth. Compositions commissioned from Montenegrin authors Žarko Mirković, Aleksandar Perunović and Nina Perović were premiered in Podgorica on 20th April 2013, and later performed in Negotin, at the Mokranjčevi dani [Days of Mokranjac] festival, on 19th September 2013.
'Krojenje' in Serbian chant: Application of cognitive structural models of improvisation
Authors: Marković Marina , Bogunović Blanka
Published: June 2021

Serbian chant, which was formed on the territory of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci in the late 18th century, has been transmitted primarily by oral tradition for a long time, despite numerous attempts to make church melodies available for liturgical use by producing miscellaneous collections. In the process of the oral transmission of the melodies belonging to the so-called short chant (i. e. less melismatic chant), hymns of the Osmoglasnik (Octoechos) serve as a basis for krojenje (literally: tailoring), which means the adaptation of the melody to a text. Since the procedure of krojenje involves simultaneously detaching Osmoglasnik melodies from their original texts and attaching them to the texts from other liturgical books without notation and realized orally, improvisation is an inherent feature of the krojenje process. Improvisation is an integral part of the creative procedure during the act of performing, even in cases when the musical work is not altogether created by improvisation, as is the case with hymns of contemporary Serbian chant. The relation between krojenje and certain levels of creation, initiated our interdisciplinary - musicological and psychological - research, with the aim of determining the structure of the improvisational process in shaping the melodies in Serbian chant, based on the analysis and application of musical-cognitive structural models.
'The wide-awake self' Luigi Nono's stage action 'Al gran sole carico d'amore' and its utopian reality
Authors: Petković Ivana
Published: June 2021

The phenomenon of the wide-awake self, referring to that most tense level of consciousness that emerges from an attitude of full attention to life and its demands, is problematized in this work in the context of a quite specific composer's script that, although belonging to the avant-garde circle of the Darmstadt generation, actualized the issue of political and social engagement in the domain of music. Namely, the work of Luigi Nono is interpreted as a sort of "composer's metaphor of a contemporary, undogmatic engagement/acting in art and culture", as the acting of the self in modo presenti, that is, as participation in class struggle. I will attempt to find "traces" of that class struggle in Nono's choice of (musical) material itself, and, by extension, in his compositional technique, which Nono himself saw as a consequence of his choice of material, using his stage action Al gran sole carico d'amore (1974) as an example.
Vivier reenacted: Singing beyond masculine
Authors: Novak Jelena
Published: June 2021

Vivier: A Night Report is a kind of poetical archive of musical details, protocols, experiences, concepts, memories, fears, desires and sorrows connected to Canadian composer Claude Vivier's (1948-1983) unusual destiny. All characters from Marko Nikodijević's opera originate from Vivier's life and works but they are re-indexed, or reenacted differently. The countertenor voice of Vivier is what primarily makes him different from all the rest of the characters. Even it could be claimed that the rest of the voices are dominated by Vivier's vocal presence on stage. Vivier stands as symbol for minority, queer, vulnerable. During his short life he was trying to get his own voice, voice as the personification of freedom and possibility to be heard. Finally he gets vivid, imaginative opera in which both his physical and personified voices are shining by creativity that his art emanate. He gets his singing voice, and he finally gets heard.
Music in Albania through the medium of paper musical manuscripts
Authors: Kumbe Meri
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the musical Byzantine manuscripts, kept in the Central State Archive of Albania. It particularly focuses on the historical importance they had in the evolution of religious music in Albania and Albanian music per se, whilst providing important information related to the specificity of names and other music elements. This paper also focuses on the characteristics of these "papers", and "papers" in general, published through the medium of paper, from papers (article, essay, study) as a "text".
Feminine charms and honorary masculinization/de-feminization: Gender and the critical reception of the 'virtuose', 1815-1848
Authors: Cvejić Žarko
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the work of 19th-century gender norms in the reception of contemporary piano virtuose, led by Clara Wieck Schumann and Marie Moke Pleyel. The discussion reveals telling discrepancies between the reception of the virtuose and their male colleagues, such as Liszt, who were mostly celebrated in hyper-masculine terms, as "heroes", "gods", and the like, while the virtuose were praised mainly on account of their visual appearance rather than virtuosic prowess, rejecting any comparison on an equal footing with the virtuosi. Finally, in a number of reviews, Wieck and Moke were explicitly proclaimed "honorary males" on account of their skills. This shows 19th-century gender norms at work, reserving excellence in any intellectual task to men, even when displayed by women.
Seen through his eyes: The representation of female characters in Béla Bartok's stage works
Authors: Božanić Mina
Published: June 2021

The question of gender representation in Béla Bartok's (1881-1945) stage works is discussed through the prism of cultural studies, with reference to the intellectual, social and political atmosphere in which the composer shaped his ideas. In this sense, it is provocative to question how the stereotyped images of women influenced/merged with Bartok's personal view on women, or is it, maybe, possible that one intimate conception of female characters, reflected the composer's specific relationship toward women? The treatment of the female character will be shown through the analysis of the plot and key scenes in Bartok's stage work.
Voice as a masquerade: Audible gender performance in several representative theoretical discourses on female identity
Authors: Jovanović Smiljka
Published: June 2021

Tracing different approaches to the notion of gender masquerade, this study promotes the idea that a female subjectivity can be constituted, represented and socially situated by the means of audible masquerade. Given that the masquerade is understood here as an ongoing, recurrent, strategic and creative audible performance, the female voice, either in its real form (singing in opera, for instance) or in its metaphorical sense (écriture fémine), is taken as a gender mask par excellence. The study aims to shed some light on social and theoretical contextualization of female voice and its oppositions to the paradigm of male word / male voice.
Fernando-Lopes Graça and Mikis Theodorakis: Music, poetry and ideology in the 20th century
Authors: Stiga Kalliopi
Published: June 2021

Considering that "music of resistance" is the expression of the dialectic relation between society and history as well as the reflection of the ideological and intellectual position of the creator-interpreter in the face of social and historical reality, the aim of this paper is: a) to present the social-political context which inspired Fernando Lopes-Graça and Mikis Theodorakis, to be creative, b) to highlight how their ideology is expressed in their musical and literary works and c) to reveal the 'epic character' of their music through a music-poetical analysis of the Cançôes Herôicas of F.L. Graça and of the Trauoûbt toû Ayœva of M. Theodorakis.
A theory of piano interpretation based on cybernetics
Authors: Szilâgyi Ana
Published: June 2021

Ana Piti§ and Ioana Minei discovered in the 70-80s, a complex theory of piano interpretation that gives another view in the art of piano playing. The two authors systematically research the original musical information coming from the composer. This information passes through more codes until it is perceived by the public: through the musical text (the score), through the musical images of the interpreter and through technical means. The merit of this theory lies in the fact that the authors point out the audio-mental operations that take place in the brain of the interpreter reading the score before playing. This interior hearing is based on musically characteristic operations, on sound ordering, respecting musical laws. The advantage of these operations is that the piano sound is no longer perceived as mechanical, but espressive, with meaning. In the opinion of the authors, the feedback of the cybernetics causes the sound perception of the public: the sound will be heard with qualities such as timbre, dynamics and expression.