bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late HIV diagnosis and missed opportunities for testing: piloting a standardised, multi-source review process
Authors: Horsley Downie J , Pegler M , Widdrington J , Price DA , Premchand N , Chadwick DR
Published: January 2020

Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (CD4 < 350) remains common in the UK and missed opportunities (MOs) for testing are often evident. National guidelines recommend HIV clinics conduct look-back reviews in all patients presenting late; however, a standardised methodology is not available and reviews are not routinely performed. This multi-centre audit reviewed all new, late HIV diagnoses across three centres in North East England. A standardised review process (incorporating a shared regional pathology system and summary care records) was used to identify MOs. Of 45 late diagnoses reviewed (median age 45 years, 76% male, median CD4 cell count 134), 28 (62%) had one or more MO, with a median of 18 months from MO to presentation. Sixty-two per cent of MOs occurred in primary care and most (82%) consisted of indicator conditions. At HIV presentation, 27 (60%) suffered moderate harm, 16 (36%) presented with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 10 (22%) suffered severe harm, including 3 (7%) who died. Despite challenges in eliciting full medical records, the comprehensive review process described, which incorporates two regional electronic records, was more effective than previous methodologies and identified more MOs. Many people present with late HIV infection or AIDS and increased efforts are needed to improve testing.
Wild melancholy. On the historical plausibility of a black bile theory of blood madness, or hæmatomania
Authors: Verplaetse Jan
Published: January 2020

Nineteenth-century art historian John Addington Symonds coined the term hæmatomania (blood madness) for the extremely bloodthirsty behaviour of a number of disturbed rulers like Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya (850–902) and Ezzelino da Romano (1194–1259). According to Symonds, this mental pathology was linked to melancholy and caused by an excess of black bile. I explore the historical credibility of this theory of ‘wild melancholy’, a type of melancholia that crucially deviates from the lethargic main type. I conclude that in its pure form Symonds’ black bile theory of hæmatomania was never a broadly supported perspective, but can be traced back to the nosology of the ninth-century physician Ishaq ibn Imran, who practised at the Aghlabid court, to which the sadistic Ibrahim II belonged.
Authoritative discourse in advanced studio lessons
Authors: Burwell Kim
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore authoritative discourses in advanced studio lessons. Authoritative approaches have been described variously as systematic instruction, direct teaching and teacher-centred, and they appear to be widely accepted in music education, and sought by advanced students. Concerns have been raised in general education theory about the limitations of such approaches, but they have been little researched in the context of studio teaching. This qualitative case study seeks evidence of authority in advanced studio behaviour, through Bakhtin’s account of dialogism and authoritative discourse and theories related to direct instruction. Specifically, an analysis is made of a single studio lesson given by an expert saxophone teacher to an undergraduate student. The terms of inquiry are focused on features of lesson dialogue, including representations of others as emblems of authority, the teacher’s initiation of tasks, student responses and teacher feedback. The study identifies internally consistent patterns of behaviour that provide abundant evidence of teacher-centred approaches to advanced studio tuition, which draw attention to the teacher’s personal expertise, privilege her perspective and convey a sense of her authority. However, the observed studio practices are found to be complex and sophisticated, with features of cognitive scaffolding that are inconsistent with authoritative discourse. It is argued that authoritative approaches are contingent on the subject matter, with their productivity contingent on the balance and match between participants’ expertise, commitment and purpose.
Women’s Gendered Experiences of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fabricius Alexis M. , D’Souza Andrea , Amodio Vanessa , Colantonio Angela , Mollayeva Tatyana
Published: January 2020

Despite recognizing that women have worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), little is known about how gender influences their experiences of this critical injury. Past research has been dominated by androcentrism and quantitative approaches, leaving the lived experience of women with TBI insufficiently examined. To gain insight into their experiences, this qualitative study interviewed 19 Canadian women with mild and moderate-to-severe TBIs. Applying a thematic analysis, we discerned three themes: Gender prevails considers choosing to do gender over complying with physician advice; Consequences of TBI impeding performativity explores how women frame themselves as terrible people for being unable to do gender post-TBI; and Perceptions of receiving care looks at gendered caregiving expectations. These results broadly align with research on how doing gender influences recovery and health outcomes. We discuss the implications of our findings for knowledge translation, future research on women’s TBI recovery, and clinical practice.
Does Palliative Care Utilization Facilitate Conversion to Hospice Care? A Qualitative Study of the “Soft No”
Authors: Spencer Karen Lutfey , Mrig Emily Hammad , Talaie Ariana Kobra
Published: January 2020

Background:

Facilitating patient conversion to hospice at end of life is a prominent clinical concern. Enrollment in outpatient palliative care services is often assumed to encourage seamless transition to hospice care, but this has not been demonstrated. Moreover, decisions to convert from palliative care to hospice are generally treated as dichotomous, thus hampering our ability to understand decision processes.

Objective:

To examine medical decision-making among patients who are prospectively evaluating whether to convert from palliative care to hospice.

Design:

Qualitative case study, using in-depth interviews and constant comparative method.

Setting/Patients:

Terminally ill patients currently enrolled in outpatient palliative care services (N = 26) and their caregivers (N = 16), selected purposely for maximum variation in condition and personal background.

Measurements:

Themes identified in qualitative in-depth interviews.

Results:

Patients rarely refused hospice outright but more often postponed using a “soft no,” in which they neither accepted nor overtly refused hospice. Justifications patients and caregivers offered for why hospice was not needed (yet) appeared in these themes: (1) not seeing the value added of hospice, (2) assuming the timing is premature, and (3) relying on extensive health-related support networks that justify or endorse continuation of active care.

Conclusions:

Despite assumptions to the contrary, benefits associated with utilization of outpatient palliative care services have the potential to incentivize the delay of hospice in some cases. Clinical interactions with outpatient palliative care patients should consider the influence of these broad social support systems when discussing hospice options.
Chemotherapy Near the End of Life in Onco–Hematological Adult Patients
Authors: Sánchez-Cuervo Marina , García-Basas Lorena , Gómez de Salazar-López de Silanes Esther , Pueyo-López Cristina , Bermejo-Vicedo Teresa
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The use of chemotherapy near the end of life is not advisable. There are scarce data in Europe but shows signs of aggressiveness. We designed this study to analyze the proportion of onco–hematological patients receiving chemotherapy within their last 2 weeks of life as well as starting a new chemotherapy regimen in the 30 days prior to death.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Adults who died of an onco-hematological neoplasia while hospitalized between April 2017 and March 2018 were included. We assessed the use of chemotherapy over the course of the last 14 days of life, defined as the administration of at least one dose of chemotherapy. We also examined the proportion of patients starting a new chemotherapy regimen in the last 30 days of life.

Results:

A total of 298 inpatients died in the Hematology and Oncology units. During the last 14 days, 28.2% (n = 11) of hematological and 26.3% (n = 68) of oncological patients received chemotherapy; the overall rate was 26.5% (n = 79). Furthermore, the proportion of patients starting a new chemotherapy regimen in the last 30 days of life was high (20.5% and 20.8%, respectively). Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-3.35) and age <45 (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.05-6.88) were associated with higher rates of chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life was high, as well as the proportion of patients starting a new regimen in their last 30 days. This was indicative of excessive aggressiveness at the end-of-life care.
Persistence of High-Need Status Over Time Among Fee-for-Service Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Keeney Tamra , Joyce Nina R. , Meyers David J. , Mor Vincent , Belanger Emmanuelle
Published: January 2020

Although administrative claims data can be used to identify high-need (HN) Medicare beneficiaries, persistence in HN status among beneficiaries and subsequent variation in outcomes are unknown. We use national-level claims data to classify Fee-for-Service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries as HN annually among beneficiaries continuously enrolled between 2013 and 2015. To examine persistence of HN status over time, we categorize longitudinal patterns in HN status into being never, newly, transiently, and persistently HN and examine differences in patients’ demographic characteristics and outcomes. Among survivors, 23% of beneficiaries were HN at any time—4% persistently HN, 13% transiently HN, and 6% newly HN. While beneficiaries who were persistently HN had higher mortality, utilization, and expenditures, classification as HN at any time was associated with poor outcomes. These findings demonstrate longitudinal variability of HN status among FFS beneficiaries and reveal the pervasiveness of poor outcomes associated with even transitory HN status over time.
Early Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents With ADHD: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hua Mao-Hsiu , Huang Kai-Lin , Hsu Ju-Wei , Bai Ya-Mei , Su Tung-Ping , Tsai Shih-Jen , Li Cheng-Ta , Lin Wei-Chen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong
Published: January 2020

Objective: ADHD potentially leads to risky sexual behaviors, and is considered a major risk factor for early pregnancy (EP). However, the association between ADHD and subsequent EP remains unknown. Method: Seven thousand five hundred five adolescents with ADHD and 30,020 age- and sex-matched individuals without ADHD were enrolled from 2001 to 2009 and were followed until the end of 2011. Adolescents who developed any pregnancy (at age ≤30 years) or EP (at age <20 years) during the follow-up period were identified. Results: Adolescents with ADHD were found to be prone to pregnancy (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27) and EP (HR = 2.30) compared with those without ADHD. Long-term ADHD medication use was related to a lower risk of subsequent any pregnancy (HR = 0.72) and EP (HR = 0.69). Conclusion: Adolescents with ADHD had an increased risk of any pregnancy and EP compared with their non-ADHD counterparts. Long-term ADHD medication use was associated with a lower subsequent EP risk.
Chiari pelvic osteotomy does affect hip survival: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: Jelicic Josko , Buterin Antea , Vrgoc Goran , Butorac Zeljko , Tudor Anton , Sestan Branko , Jotanovic Zdravko
Published: January 2020

Background:

The modern indications for Chiari pelvic osteotomy (CPO) have narrowed and the number of such operations performed has diminished markedly. So far published long-term experience with CPO indicate the fact that in selected patients satisfactory functional results can be achieved. The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters which influence CPO survival and its conversion into total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

This is a single-centre retrospective case-series study. In the period from 1976 to 2012, it included 172 CPO in 158 patients. Of those, in 43 patients (48 hips) the follow-up was discontinued, leaving 115 patients (124 hips) for final analyses. The median age at the time of the surgery was 34 years, and the mean duration of the follow-up was 19 years.

Results:

In 115 patients (124 CPO) included in the study, a total of 51 THA was performed in 49 patients. The median period between CPO and THA was 14 years.

Conclusion:

Supporting our results, we suggest that CPO should still be indicated in a selected group of younger patients even with advanced stage of hip osteoarthritis who prefer a joint-conserving procedure and consent to a predicted less optimal outcome.
Towards a dialogical methodology for single case studies
Authors: Cornish Flora
Published: January 2020

This special issue has explored a range of means of ‘generalising’ or ‘re-situating knowledge’ through the intensive, dialogical, examination of single cases. The papers elaborate aspects of the methodology of dialogical case studies without asking the traditional question: ‘of what is this a case?’ In this concluding article, we look across the papers to draw out methodological considerations for dialogical single case studies, comparing how the papers deal with four key dialogically informed methodological concerns: the primacy of self-other interdependencies; dynamics; ethics; and modes of writing. We then turn to the question of generalising, or re-situating, knowledge. Across the papers, three different, but overlapping, approaches to re-situating knowledge are taken, implying alternative possible questions: (i) How does the case participate in epistemic or narrative genres? (ii) How does the case contribute to a genealogy? (iii) In what ways is the case generative? We offer these concepts and questions as methodological prompts for case study researchers to conceptualise their knowledge-making as a dialogical endeavour.
Admission to a UK Major Trauma Centre following deliberate self-harm and attempted suicide: Prevalence and outcomes
Authors: Hardwick Karen , Bellew Maggie
Published: January 2020

Background

The incidence of suicide is increasing and for every suicide many more attempt it. Exploring such admissions to UK Major Trauma Centres improves our understanding.

Methods

Data on admissions to the Leeds Major Trauma Centre (2013–2016) following suicide attempts and acts of deliberate self-harm were obtained from the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Retrospectively, quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to explore frequency of admissions, demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, outcomes, and input from the Clinical Psychology and Liaison Psychiatry services.

Results

A total of 192 admissions were identified; average age was 38.5 (SD: 16.1, range: 11–93), and 72% were male. The most frequent mechanism of injury was ‘fall/jump’ (41%, n = 78). A significant effect was found for gender and mechanism of injury (p = 0.025) with males using a wider range of methods, and females choosing ‘fall/jump’ most frequently. A total of 114 patients (59%) had an injury severity score >15. The suicide attempt was fatal for 34 patients (18%). A significant effect for mechanism of injury and mortality was found, with hanging most frequently, and stabbing least likely, to be fatal (p = 0.001). Twenty-six patients (13.5%) were seen by Clinical Psychology. In 2016, 82% of admissions (n = 37) were seen by Liaison Psychiatry with 33 referred onto other services. Eighteen (53%) had pre-existing mental health difficulties and/or evidence of substance misuse; 14 (38%) were recorded to have one or more previous suicide attempt. Average length of hospital stay was 15.2 days (SD: 26.8, range: 1–284) and the average cost £2958 (range: £195–£55,266). The average number of days in critical care was 2.9 (SD: 5.4, range: 0–29).

Conclusions

This study increased our understanding of deliberate self-harm/suicide attempts in the Leeds Major Trauma Centre. It indicated the high cost of deliberate self-harm/suicide attempts with the majority of patients having high injury severity score, and most surviving. Further research into follow-up and preventative support for this group of patients would be beneficial.
Shaping technologies for older adults with and without dementia: Reflections on ethics and preferences
Authors: Diaz-Orueta Unai , Hopper Louise , Konstantinidis Evdokimos
Published: January 2020

As a result of several years of European funding, progressive introduction of assistive technologies in our society has provided many researchers and companies with opportunities to develop new information and communication technologies aimed at overcoming the digital divide of those at a greater risk of being left behind, as can be the case with healthy older people and those developing cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, in recent years, when considering how information and communication technologies have been integrated into older people’s lives, and how technology has influenced these individuals, doubts remain regarding whether technologies really fulfil older users’ needs and wishes and whether technologies developed specifically for older users necessarily protect and consider main ethical values. In this article, we address the relevance of privacy, vulnerability and preservation of autonomy as key factors when involving older individuals as target users for information and communication technology research and development. We provide explanatory examples on ethical issues involved in the particular case of developing different types of information and communication technology for older people (from robotics to serious games), what previously performed research tells us about older adults’ preferences and wishes for information and communication technology and what steps should be taken into consideration in the near future.
The visual representation of germs: a typology of popular germ depictions
Authors: Stones Catherine , Stark James , Rutter Sophie , Macduff Colin
Published: January 2020

Germs have been visually represented in popular texts for over 100 years, yet little is understood about the dominant practices/concepts resident in such images. This article presents a new typology of popular germ representations from the UK consisting of three main types: Scientific, Carrier and Analogous. The first category pertains to the realm of the scientist, the second to domestic space and social norms, and the third primarily to the realm of the imagination. The study identifies a further 13 sub-types and discusses each in turn. The authors argue that a more varied range of germ images exist than the previous binary positioning of germ representations in the US would suggest. They account for the continued adoption of the Analogous Germ in relation to four key cultural forces and problematize the use of the Monster Germ and its alignment of ugliness and obesity with disease.
Importance of Daily Sex Hormone Measurements Within the Menstrual Cycle for Fertility Estimates in Cyclical Shifts Studies
Authors: Marcinkowska Urszula M.
Published: January 2020

Recent discussions have highlighted the importance of fertility measurements for the study of peri-ovulatory shifts in women’s mating psychology and mating-related behaviors. Participants in such studies typically attend at least two test sessions, one of which is, at least in theory, scheduled to occur during the high-fertility, peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. A crucial part of this debate is whether luteinizing hormone (LH) tests alone are sufficient to accurately assign test sessions to the peri-ovulatory phase. This article adds to this ongoing debate by presenting analyses of a detailed database of daily estradiol levels and LH tests for 102 menstrual cycles. Based on more than 4,000 hormonal measurements, it is clear that individual differences in length of the cycle, length of the luteal phase and, perhaps most importantly, the discrepancy between the timing of the LH surge and the drop in estradiol that follows it are pronounced. Less than 40% of analyzed cycles followed the textbook pattern commonly assumed to occur in fertility-based research, in which the LH surge is assumed to occur not more than 48 hr before the estradiol drop. These results suggest that LH tests alone are not sufficient to assign test sessions to the peri-ovulatory phase and that analyses of sex hormones are essential to identify whether the participant was tested during the peri-ovulatory phase.
Preparation and properties of flame-retardant epoxy resins containing reactive phosphorus flame retardant
Authors: Lee Sang-Hoon , Oh Seung-Won , Lee Young-Hee , Kim Il-Jin , Lee Dong-Jin , Lim Jae-Chun , Park Cha-Cheol , Kim Han-Do
Published: January 2020

To prepare flame-retardant epoxy resin, phosphorus compound containing di-hydroxyl group (10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha phenanthrene-10-oxide, DOPO-HQ) was reacted with uncured epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, YD-128) and then cured using a curing agent (dicyandiamide, DICY). This study focused on the effect of phosphorus compound/phosphorus content on physical properties and flame retardancy of cured epoxy resin. The thermal decomposition temperature of the cured epoxy resins (samples: P0, P1.5, P2.0, and P2.5, the number represents the wt% of phosphorus) increased with increasing the content of phosphorus compound/phosphorus (0/0, 19.8/1.5, 27.8/2.0, and 36.8/2.5 wt%) based on epoxy resin. The impact strength of the cured epoxy resin increased significantly with increasing phosphorus compound content. As the phosphorus compound/phosphorus content increased from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%, the glass transition temperature (the peak temperature of loss modulus curve) increased from 135.2°C to 142.0°C. In addition, as the content of phosphorous compound increased, the storage modulus remained almost constant up to higher temperature. The limiting oxygen index value of cured epoxy resin increased from 21.1% to 30.0% with increasing phosphorus compound/phosphorus content from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%. The UL 94 V test result showed that no rating for phosphorus compounds less than 19.8 wt% and V-1 for 27.8 wt%. However, when the phosphorus compound was 36.8 wt%, the V-0 level indicating complete flame retardancy was obtained. In conclusion, the incorporation of phosphorus compounds into the epoxy chain resulted in improved properties such as impact strength and heat resistance, as well as a significant increase in flame retardancy.
Helical 6-Strand Cruciate Tenorrhaphy: Description of a New Technique and Biomechanical Comparative Analysis With 2 Standard Techniques
Authors: Torres Fuentes Carlos Eduardo , Carvajal Flechas Francisco Sebastián , Hernández Julián Andrés , Abaunza Ubaque Juan Sebastián , Carmona García Dayana Beatriz , Barragan Brenda Melissa , Ramírez Angélica María
Published: January 2020

Background: Multiple flexor tendon repair techniques have been developed over the last years. Despite all this, there is no standard technique that has proven to be superior to others, leading to great variability in the use of techniques in surgical practice. We describe a novel tendon repair technique and compare its biomechanical characteristics with 2 conventional techniques. Methods: Comparative experimental biomechanical study in ex vivo animal models. In all, 66 deep flexor tendons of the pig’s front legs were taken and it’s repair was performed by 1 of 3 techniques (helical 6-strand cruciate tendon repair, Adelaide tendon repair, or modified Kessler). These repairs were subjected to biomechanical study, measuring, and registering the ultimate tensile strength, load to 2-mm gap force, and stiffness. Results: The helical 6-strand cruciate tenorrhaphy compared with the Adelaide and modified Kessler techniques carries statistically significant greater ultimate tensile strength before failure (65.5, 46, and 36 N, respectively, P < .001). It also required a greater load to 2-mm gap force and is less stiff, allowing greater strain before failure. This technique does not generate significant changes in the dimensions of the tendons compared to the others, and there was no significant difference in the strength of repair between surgeons. Conclusions: The helical 6-strand cruciate tenorrhaphy is a novel technique, useful for the repair of flexor tendons in the hand that holds up the necessary forces to initiate early mobilization in the postoperative period and has better biomechanical properties than 2 standard techniques.
Significance of hemodynamic assessment by pressure wire for endovascular therapy of subclavian steal syndrome
Authors: Chen Da-Wei , Gao Yu-Hai , Shi Jin , Yin Yan-Wei , Zhang Wei-Qing
Published: January 2020

Objective

Subclavian steal syndrome results from hemodynamic impairment due to stenosis or occlusion of subclavian artery. Therefore, it is important for subclavian steal syndrome patients to assess hemodynamic status during endovascular therapy.

Methods

Eleven subclavian steal syndrome patients undergoing endovascular therapy attended this study. Pressure wire was used to measure trans-stenosis pressure difference (ΔP). Digital subtraction angiography, Transcranial Doppler and Electronic sphygmomanometer were introduced to assess stenotic rate, steal grade and inter-arm systolic pressure difference, respectively. Clinical symptoms and restenosis were followed up after endovascular therapy. The associations of ΔP with stenotic rate, inter-arm pressure difference, steal degree, clinic symptoms and restenosis were analyzed in this paper.

Results

Prior to the therapy, ΔP moderately correlated with stenotic rate (r = 0.757, p = 0.007) and inter-arm pressure difference (r = 0.701, p = 0.016). ΔP was ≥6 mmHg in all patients, and 6–9 mmHg for grade 1 steal and ≥10 mmHg for grade 2 and 3 steals. After the therapy, all patients had technique success, and 10 patients had clinic success, and 1 patient appeared restenosis. ΔP was ≤3 mmHg and steal disappeared in the patients with clinical success. ΔP was 18 mmHg and grade 3 steal still existed in one patient without clinical success. One patient with 1 mmHg of ΔP after therapy appeared restenosis in the follow-up.

Conclusion

The trans-stenosis pressure difference is closely related to steal degree and clinical symptoms. The measurement of hemodynamic status by pressure wire is very useful to guide endovascular therapy in subclavian steal syndrome patients. However, the restenosis may still occur, even though the hemodynamic impairment is improved.
Using a Vignette in Qualitative Research to Explore Police Perspectives of a Sensitive Topic: “Honor”-Based Crimes and Forced Marriages
Authors: Aujla Wendy
Published: January 2020

This article examines how a vignette presented to participants during qualitative research interviews was successful in gathering information on the perceptions of 32 police officers and 14 civilians regarding “honor”-based crimes and forced marriages within the context of domestic violence. To my knowledge, this is one of the first methodological papers that presents the process of using a vignette with police on such a sensitive topic. This article offers a reflexive account of some of the methodological considerations I made when constructing the vignette that likely impacted its success. I describe the vignette, discuss how participants reacted to it, and present the themes that emerged to show how it was understood. I then emphasize how first responders engaged in the interview process with the vignette material and how this allowed for a rich, in-depth discussion on an understudied topic. Finally, I discuss the strengths and limitations of this method and make recommendations for future research.
Myanmar's Transition without Justice
Authors: Renshaw Catherine
Published: January 2020

Myanmar’s transition towards a limited form of constitutional democracy is taking place in the absence of national measures to deal with the legacy of massive human rights abuses: without criminal prosecutions for historical crimes; without the establishment of institutions for truth-telling; without reparations. This article considers the escalation of violence against ethnic minorities during the early period of Myanmar’s democratic transition in the context of the claim that transitional justice has the potential to deter future atrocities. First, the article explains why the military, the democratic opposition, Western states, and the United Nations (UN), all accepted that Myanmar’s democratisation should proceed without the establishment of institutions and processes of transitional justice. Second, the article shows how, in the absence of transitional justice, the transitional government attempted to bolster the rule of law by conducting its own investigations into allegations of misconduct by the military and through low-level prosecutions of individual military officers, and explains why this strategy failed. Finally, the article considers the potential impact of recent efforts at the international level to establish accountability, such as the UN Human Rights Council’s establishment of an Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar, the International Criminal Court (ICC) proceedings related to the crime against humanity of deportation, and the case bought by Gambia in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for Myanmar’s violation of the Genocide Convention.
Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed-methods exploratory study
Authors: Han Chad Yixian , Chan Cherie Geok Boon , Lim Su Lin , Zheng Xiaomei , Woon Zhing Wen , Chan York Thong , Bhaskaran Kalpana , Tan Kim Fong , Mangaikarasu Kejendran , Chong Mary Foong-Fong
Published: January 2020

Aim:

The aim of the study is to gain insights into the relationship between diabetes-related nutrition knowledge (DRNK) and diet quality in Singapore.

Methods:

Forty-two participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital. DRNK and diet quality were ascertained with the DRNK questionnaire and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, respectively. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews of perceived barriers and enablers to adherence to dietary guidelines were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed.

Results:

Participants had a poor mean percentage DRNK score of 39.7% (±17.7) and diet quality of 54.2% (±9.4). Pearson’s correlation tests revealed no correlation between DRNK and diet quality ( r –0.29; p=0.065) but suggest a moderate positive correlation between DRNK and psychosocial self-efficacy ( r 0.41; p=0.008). Thematic analysis revealed six barriers (obesogenic environment; lack of time; conflict between advice and personal values; stress from external sources; lack of personal motivation; gaps in DRNK) and four enablers (personal motivation to improve condition; fear of T2DM complications; sufficient DRNK; presence of social support) to adherence to dietary guidelines.

Conclusion:

DRNK may not correlate with adherence to dietary guidelines; multiple mediating factors are identified when translating DRNK to practice.
Clinical study of octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Kamakura Shinji , Matsui Keiko , Fukuda Masayuki , Takano Hiroshi , Iino Mitsuyoshi , Ishikawa Shigeo , Kawana Hiromasa , Soma Tomoya , Imamura Eisaku , Kizu Hideki , Michibata Aya , Asahina Izumi , Miura Keiichiro , Nakamura Norifumi , Kibe Toshiro , Suzuki Osamu , Takahashi Tetsu
Published: January 2020

Octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite have been recognized as bone substitute materials possessing osteoconductivity and biodegradation properties. We evaluated the effectiveness of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite used for bone augmentation in major oral and maxillofacial surgeries in a clinical trial. Octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite were used in cases of sinus floor elevation in 1- and 2-stage, socket preservation, cyst, and alveolar cleft procedures. A total of 60 patients were evaluated for effectiveness after the implantation of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite. Although sinus floor elevation in 1-stage, cyst, and alveolar cleft cases met the criteria for the judgment of success, sinus floor elevation in 2-stage and socket preservation groups did not meet the criteria in the initial evaluation. However, an additional evaluation for reconfirmation revealed the effectiveness of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite in those groups, and all evaluation results ultimately indicated the success of this clinical trial. Therefore, this clinical trial suggested that application of octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite for oral and maxillofacial surgery was safe and effective and that octacalcium phosphate and its collagen composite could be a bone substitute candidate instead of autologous bone.
Prognostic value of base excess as indicator of acid-base balance in acute heart failure
Authors: Nakano Hiroki , Nagai Toshiyuki , Honda Yasuyuki , Honda Satoshi , Iwakami Naotsugu , Matsumoto Chisa , Asaumi Yasuhide , Aiba Takeshi , Noguchi Teruo , Kusano Kengo , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Ogawa Hisao , Yasuda Satoshi , Chikamori Taishiro , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: January 2020

Background:

Acid-base balance can change as a result of pulmonary oedema and low tissue perfusion in acute heart failure patients. However, its long-term prognostic significance remains to be clarified.

Methods:

We prospectively examined a cohort of 472 consecutive acute heart failure patients who underwent arterial blood gas analysis on admission between January 2013 and May 2016. Acidaemia, alkalaemia and normal range of base excess were defined as pH <7.38, >7.42 and −2 to 2 mEq/L, respectively. The primary outcome was all-cause death.

Results:

During a median follow-up period of 714 days, 101 patients died. Although there was no difference in mortality among patients with acidaemia, normal pH and alkalaemia (p = 0.92), patients with high base excess had the highest mortality compared with others. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models revealed that high base excess was an independent determinant of mortality (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.08–3.13 (high versus normal base excess), hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.41 (low versus normal base excess)), even after adjustment for significant prognostic covariates. Furthermore, regarding mortality stratified by base excess and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), patients with high base excess (>2.1 mEq/L) and high pCO2 (>40 mmHg) had the highest mortality compared with others.

Conclusions:

High base excess, but not low base excess, on admission was associated with long-term mortality in acute heart failure patients, indicating the importance of evaluating acid-base balance on admission by base excess for stratifying the risk of mortality in patients with acute heart failure.
How powerful is the female gaze? The implication of using male celebrities for promoting female cosmetics in China
Authors: Li Xiaomeng
Published: January 2020

In some East Asian countries like Japan, South Korea, and recently, China, there is a popular trend of having male celebrities as brand ambassadors or spokespeople for female cosmetics. This study is situated in the contemporary Chinese market and examines the so-called “Nan Se consumption (nan se xiao fei, 男色消费)” culture, which literally translates into “the consumption of sexualized men” in Chinese. Referring to postfeminism that focuses on female agency and the subjectivity of the female body, this article argues that the shift from “male gaze” to “female gaze,” and the consumption of sexualized men, appear to be revolutionary in terms of evaluating gender power; however, Chinese female consumers’ agency and self-empowerment are still limited by a conditioned neoliberal consumerist culture. The study also proposes that China’s contested “Nan Se consumption” culture reflects the complexity and fluidity of today’s postfeminist theorization.
Football, Media, and Homophobia: Public Framing of the First Pride Game in the Australian Football League
Authors: Sherwood Merryn , Donaldson Alex , Dyson Suzanne , Lowden David , Marjoribanks Timothy , Shill Jane , Bolam Bruce , Nicholson Matthew
Published: January 2020

Two Australian football clubs—St Kilda and the Sydney Swans—played the first Pride Game in Australian professional sport in 2016 to support and include the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) community at and through a major sporting event. This study examines the framing of this game in the print and online media and in public responses via comments on media coverage and comments on Facebook posts. The framing of both the media coverage and the public response was predominantly supportive, with the theme of the “inclusion,” of gay Australian Football League players and the broader LGBTIQ community, prominent. However, there was a significant difference in the frames used in media coverage compared to the public response to this coverage. There was a relatively high proportion of unsupportive comments (e.g., a “stick to football” theme), including pernicious homophobia, present, particularly in the public response, compared to other recent related research. Overall, the findings suggest that, while there was strong support for the Pride Game, homophobia in sport remains, and the media, particularly social media, can be a platform for its expression. This study also highlights the value in analysing multiple platforms in media framing research.
Learning restrictive sexual values may be associated with dyspareunia
Authors: Patanwala Insiyyah , Lamvu Georgine , Mizera Megan , Fisk Matthew , Blanton Emily
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The primary objective of this study is to assess whether the degree of religiosity or certain moral teachings are associated with dyspareunia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey with 24 questions was designed that incorporated the previously validated Duke Religiosity Index questionnaire, medical and sexual history, and demographic information. The index measures organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic religiosity. Participants were recruited from Ob/Gyn and Family Medicine clinics and from a large university in our community.

Results:

A total of 901 surveys were included in final analysis. Among our study population, the prevalence of dyspareunia was 19.4%. Participants were categorized by the presence or absence of the primary outcome, dyspareunia. There were no differences in the scores of organized religiosity, p = 0.73 (2.98 ± 0.47 vs 3.04 ± 1.55), non-organized religiosity, p = 0.57 (2.62 ± 1.71 vs 2.82 ± 1.82), or intrinsic religiosity p = 0.64 (10.53 ± 3.63 vs 10.47 ± 4.06) in women with and without dyspareunia, respectively. No associations were found between dyspareunia and a participant’s current or childhood religious affiliation. However, women who were taught “sex is bad” while growing up had a higher rate of dyspareunia compared to those who were not taught this belief, (27.0% vs 15.3%, p < 0.001). Similar results were found in women who were taught to “wait until marriage to have sex”; 21.6% experienced dyspareunia while only 13.2% of those who were not taught to wait experienced dyspareunia (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:

While degree of religiosity was not shown to be associated with dyspareunia, women who learned certain restrictive sexual values were at higher risk of experiencing painful intercourse.
Patients With Abnormal Limb Kinetics at 6 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Have an Increased Risk of Persistent Medial Meniscal Abnormality at 3 Years
Authors: Shimizu Tomohiro , Markes Alexander R. , Samaan Michael A. , Tanaka Matthew S. , Souza Richard B. , Li Xiaojuan , Ma C. Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Background:

Several reports have shown that altered biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are associated with the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. However, it is not fully understood whether altered biomechanics are associated with meniscal changes after ACLR.

Purpose:

To investigate changes in gait and landing biomechanics over a 3-year period and their correlation with meniscal matrix alterations present before and after ACLR through use of magnetic resonance T1ρ/T2 mapping, which can allow detection of early meniscal degeneration.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 36 patients with ACLR and 14 healthy controls were included in this study. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and biomechanical analysis during gait of the injured knee and contralateral knee preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after ACLR, as well as biomechanical analysis during drop-landing from 6 months to 3 years postoperatively. To evaluate biochemical changes of the mensical matrix, T1ρ/T2 relaxation times of the meniscus were calculated.

Results:

Mean T1ρ/T2 values of ACLR knees were significantly higher than values in the contralateral and control knees in the posterior lateral and medial horns up to 1 year after surgery; however, the differences were not seen at 3 years after surgery. The ACLR knee exhibited significantly lower peak knee flexion moment and angle during gait at 6 months compared with baseline and continued to decrease until 3 years. The ACLR knee exhibited significantly lower peak vertical ground-reaction force and peak knee flexion moment and angle during landing at 6 months. However, the differences were no longer present at 3 years. Biomechanics at 6 months had significant correlations with changes of mean T1ρ/T2 values in the medial posterior horn from 6 months to 3 years after ACLR.

Conclusion:

Although mean T1ρ/T2 values of meniscus seen before ACLR improved after 3 years, approximately 30% of patients with ACLR did not show decreases from 6 months to 3 years. Patients with abnormal lower limb kinetics of the ACLR knee at 6 months showed less recovery in the medial posterior horn from 6 months to 3 years, suggesting that biomechanical parameters during the early stage of recovery might be potential biomarkers for predicting persistent medial meniscal abnormality after ACLR.
Market valuation and acquiring firm performance in the short and long term: Out-of-sample evidence from Spain
Authors: Farinós José E. , Herrero Begoña , Latorre Miguel A.
Published: January 2020

We investigate bidder’s short- and long-term performance in periods of high and low valuation market in response to announcements of acquisitions carried out by Spanish listed firms over the period 1991–2016. We find that acquirers of unlisted targets fully react at the announcement date in high valuation periods, meanwhile the underreaction of listed target bidders at the moment of the announcement in low valuation markets is the result of return continuations. In addition, we find that the market reaction do not depend on recent merger history. Therefore, we provide evidence that bidder reaction to acquisitions is not consistent with the predictions of market sentiment (optimism) after controlling for the listing status of the target firm, not supporting, for a thinner market as the Spanish one, the evidence observed in US and UK markets.

JEL CLASSIFICATION G14; G34; L33; D81
Vocabulary development of young Uyghur children: Exploring trajectories of receptive and expressive vocabulary
Authors: Chen Si , Wen Peizhi , Chen Chen
Published: January 2020

Recent researches of Xinjiang Uyghur young children’s bilingual development provide little empirical evidence of the relationship between Uyghur children’s first language (Uyghur) and second language (Mandarin Chinese). This study was designed to explore how children’s Uyghur vocabulary impacts Chinese vocabulary development. Using a randomized sample of 379 Uyghur children aged 4–6 from Urumqi and Turpan city of Xinjiang, we tested children’s Chinese receptive vocabulary, Chinese expressive vocabulary, Uyghur receptive vocabulary, and Uyghur expressive vocabulary. Results of multilevel regression models showed that after controlling for Uyghur children’s age and kindergarten level, their Chinese receptive vocabulary and Chinese expressive vocabulary can be significantly predicted by Uyghur receptive vocabulary. When Uyghur receptive vocabulary increases by 1 standard deviation, children’s Chinese receptive vocabulary will significantly increase by 0.31 standard deviations, while Chinese expressive vocabulary will significantly increase by 0.18 standard deviations after controlling for children’s age and kindergarten level. However, young children’s Uyghur expressive vocabulary cannot predict either Chinese receptive vocabulary or Chinese expressive vocabulary. Path analysis showed that there were significant direct effects from Uyghur receptive vocabulary to Chinese receptive vocabulary and Chinese receptive vocabulary to Chinese expressive vocabulary. Also, there was a significant indirect effect from Uyghur receptive vocabulary via Chinese receptive vocabulary that impacts Chinese expressive vocabulary. We found that Chinese receptive vocabulary was a full mediator and an important pathway from Uyghur children’s first language vocabulary to second language vocabulary. Findings of this study provide empirical evidence for psychological education researchers to create new curricula to improve young Uyghur children’s second language learning.
Bodies that count: Administering multispecies in Palestine/Israel’s borderlands
Authors: Gutkowski Natalia
Published: January 2020

Nonhuman bodies in many sizes and diverse social roles are central to Israel’s control mechanism in the Occupied West Bank. Delving into the agricultural record of the Israeli Civil Administration, I ask how the Israeli system of control operates through animal bodies. What does a bureaucratic record so invested in monitoring animals’ production, treatment, disease, and death tell about the potential disruption of power? Through a political ecology of human–animal entanglement, I argue that nonhuman bodies both reproduce human colonial relations and allow their constant interruption. Nonhumans challenge the power regime through their unpredictable mobility as well as in their role as both objects of a political economy and subjects of potential agricultural diseases, ecological risks, or public health threats. Breaking from contemporary multispecies scholarly literature’s focus on endangered species and relations of care, I place nonhuman bodies as actors of international-interspecies relations in colonial conditions and point to nonhumans, which are here to stay in the climate change era. By doing so, I reflect on the continuous significance of nonhuman bodies to the operation of power in the “borderlands” of Israel/Palestine and beyond.