bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromothripsis in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Bolkestein Michiel , Wong John K.L. , Thewes Verena , Körber Verena , Hlevnjak Mario , Elgaafary Shaymaa , Schulze Markus , Kommoss Felix K.F. , Sinn Hans-Peter , Anzeneder Tobias , Hirsch Steffen , Devens Frauke , Schröter Petra , Höfer Thomas , Schneeweiss Andreas , Lichter Peter , Zapatka Marc , Ernst Aurélie
Published: September 2020

Chromothripsis is a form of genome instability by which a presumably single catastrophic event generates extensive genomic rearrangements of one or a few chromosomes. Widely assumed to be an early event in tumor development, this phenomenon plays a prominent role in tumor onset. In this study, an analysis of chromothripsis in 252 human breast cancers from two patient cohorts (149 metastatic breast cancers, 63 untreated primary tumors, 29 local relapses, and 11 longitudinal pairs) using whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing reveals that chromothripsis affects a substantial proportion of human breast cancers, with a prevalence over 60% in a cohort of metastatic cases and 25% in a cohort comprising predominantly luminal breast cancers. In the vast majority of cases, multiple chromosomes per tumor were affected, with most chromothriptic events on chromosomes 11 and 17 including, among other significantly altered drivers, CCND1, ERBB2, CDK12, and BRCA1. Importantly, chromothripsis generated recurrent fusions that drove tumor development. Chromothripsis-related rearrangements were linked with univocal mutational signatures, with clusters of point mutations due to kataegis in close proximity to the genomic breakpoints and with the activation of specific signaling pathways. Analyzing the temporal order of events in tumors with and without chromothripsis as well as longitudinal analysis of chromothriptic patterns in tumor pairs offered important insights into the role of chromothriptic chromosomes in tumor evolution.

Significance:

These findings identify chromothripsis as a major driving event in human breast cancer.
The Gut Microbiome of Adults with Allergic Rhinitis Is Characterised by Reduced Diversity and an Altered Abundance of Key Microbial Taxa Compared to Controls
Authors: Watts Annabelle M. , West Nicholas P. , Zhang Ping , Smith Peter K. , Cripps Allan W. , Cox Amanda J.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Unique gut microbial colonisation patterns are associated with the onset of allergic disease in infants; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine if aberrant microbial composition patterns persist in adult allergic rhinitis (AR) sufferers. Objective: To compare the gut microbiome composition between adult AR sufferers and controls. Methods: Gut microbial composition in stool samples was compared between 57 adult AR sufferers (39.06 ± 13.29 years) and 23 controls (CG; 36.55 ± 10.51 years) via next-generation sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Taxonomic classification and identity assignment was performed using a reference-based approach with the NCBI database of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results: Species richness determined via the Shannon index was significantly reduced in the AR cohort compared to the CG (4.35 ± 0.59 in AR vs. 4.65 ± 0.55 in CG, p = 0.037); trends for reductions in operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, inverse Simpson, and CHAO1 diversity indices were also noted. Bacteroidetes (p = 0.014) was significantly more abundant in the AR group than in the CG. In contrast, the Firmicutes phylum was significantly less abundant in the AR group than in the CG (p = 0.006). An increased abundance of Parabacteroides (p = 0.008) and a reduced abundance of Oxalobacter (p = 0.001) and Clostridiales (p = 0.005) were also observed in the AR cohort compared to the CG. Conclusion: Adult AR sufferers have a distinct gut microbiome profile, marked by a reduced microbial diversity and altered abundance of certain microbes compared to controls. The results of this study provide evidence that unique gut microbial patterns occur in AR sufferers in adulthood and warrant further examination in the form of mechanistic studies.
As imagens que me faltam
Authors: Copque Bárbara
Published: September 2020

No presente ensaio me proponho a vivenciar fotograficamente as minhas memórias e dar forma às lembranças compartilhadas pela minha mãe, me colocando numa atividade de imaginação durante uma viagem no Recôncavo Baiano, terra da nossa ancestralidade.
The Heart Failure Readmission Intervention by Variable Early Follow-up (THRIVE) Study
Authors: Lee Keane K. , Thomas Rachel C. , Tan Thida C. , Leong Thomas K. , Steimle Anthony , Go Alan S.
Published: September 2020

Background:

In-person clinic follow-up within 7 days after discharge from a heart failure hospitalization is associated with lower 30-day readmission. However, health systems and patients may find it difficult to complete an early postdischarge clinic visit, especially during the current pandemic. We evaluated the effect on 30-day readmission and death of follow-up within 7 days postdischarge guided by an initial structured nonphysician telephone visit compared with follow-up guided by an initial clinic visit with a physician.

Methods and Results:

We conducted a pragmatic randomized trial in a large integrated healthcare delivery system. Adults being discharged home after hospitalization for heart failure were randomly assigned to either an initial telephone visit with a nurse or pharmacist to guide follow-up or an initial in-person clinic appointment with primary care physicians providing usual care within the first 7 days postdischarge. Telephone appointments included a structured protocol enabling medication titration, laboratory ordering, and booking urgent clinic visits as needed under physician supervision. Outcomes included 30-day readmissions and death and frequency and type of completed follow-up within 7 days of discharge. Among 2091 participants (mean age 78 years, 44% women), there were no significant differences in 30-day heart failure readmission (8.6% telephone, 10.6% clinic,
P
=0.11), all-cause readmission (18.8% telephone, 20.6% clinic,
P
=0.30), and all-cause death (4.0% telephone, 4.6% clinic,
P
=0.49). Completed 7-day follow-up was higher in 1027 patients randomized to telephone follow-up (92%) compared with 1064 patients assigned to physician clinic follow-up (79%,
P
<0.001). Overall frequency of clinic visits during the first 7 days postdischarge was lower in participants assigned to nonphysician telephone guided follow-up (48%) compared with physician clinic-guided follow-up (77%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Early, structured telephone follow-up after hospitalization for heart failure can increase 7-day follow-up and reduce in-person visits with comparable 30-day clinical outcomes within an integrated care delivery framework.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03524534.
Specific Therapy for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Systematic Literature Review and Evidence‐Based Recommendations
Authors: Marques Nuno , Azevedo Olga , Almeida Ana Rita , Bento Dina , Cruz Inês , Correia Emanuel , Lourenço Carolina , Lopes Luís Rocha
Published: September 2020

Background

The emergence of specific therapies for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (CA) warrants the need for a systematic review of the literature.

Methods and Results

A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases on November 29, 2019. Studies were selected based on the following predefined eligibility criteria: English‐language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐RCTs, or observational studies, which included adult patients with variant/wild‐type transthyretin‐CA, assessed specific therapies for transthyretin‐CA, and reported cardiovascular outcomes. Relevant data were extracted to a predefined template. Quality assessment was based on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations (RCTs) or a checklist by Downs and Black (non‐RCTs). From 1203 records, 24 publications were selected, describing 4 RCTs (6 publications) and 16 non‐RCTs (18 publications). Tafamidis was shown to significantly improve all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations and reduce worsening in 6‐minute walk test, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire—Overall Summary score, and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) in variant/wild‐type transthyretin‐CA. Patisiran showed promising results in a subgroup analysis of patients with variant transthyretin‐CA, which have to be confirmed in RCTs. Inotersen showed conflicting results on cardiac imaging parameters. The one study on AG10 had only a 1‐month duration and cardiovascular end points were exploratory and limited to cardiac biomarkers. Limited evidence from noncomparative single‐arm small non‐RCTs existed for diflunisal, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (green tea extract), and doxycycline+tauroursodeoxycholic acid/ursodeoxycholic acid.

Conclusions

This systematic review of the literature supports the use of tafamidis in wild‐type and variant transthyretin‐CA. Novel therapeutic targets including transthyretin gene silencers are currently under investigation.
Residential Building Codes Do Save Energy: Evidence from Hourly Smart-Meter Data
Authors: Novan Kevin , Smith Aaron , Zhou Tianxia
Published: September 2020

In 1978, California adopted building codes designed to reduce the energy used for temperature control. Using a rich data set of hourly electricity consumption for 158,112 houses in Sacramento, we estimate that the average house built just after 1978 uses 8% to 13% less electricity for cooling than a similar house built just before 1978. Comparing the estimated savings to the policy's projected cost, our results suggest the policy passes a cost-benefit test. In settings where market failures prevent energy costs from being completely passed through to home prices, building codes can serve as a cost- effective tool for improving energy efficiency.
Energy Markets and Global Economic Conditions
Authors: Baumeister Christiane , Korobilis Dimitris , Lee Thomas K.
Published: September 2020

We evaluate alternative indicators of global economic activity and other market fundamentals in terms of their usefulness for forecasting real oil prices and global petroleum consumption. World industrial production is one of the most useful indicators. However, by combining measures from several different sources, we can do even better. Our analysis results in a new index of global economic conditions and measures for assessing future energy demand and oil price pressures. We illustrate their usefulness for quantifying the main factors behind the severe contraction of the global economy and the price risks faced by shale oil producers in early 2020.
Angers Past and Present
Authors: Rosenwein Barbara H.
Published: September 2020

Thomas Dixon makes the important point that modern anger is nothing like the seemingly parallel phenomena (ira, mênis and so on) of the past. He proposes to show how different it is by employing what he calls an anatomical-genealogical approach – tracing components of the present idea of anger to their antecedents. He criticises my own work on anger as ahistorical because I use the singular term rather than the plurals that the subject demands. I find his critique unconvincing and his approach problematic. I suggest that we explore past notions of anger (and other emotions as well) in their own lived contexts rather than by separate components.
New apinnate Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) species from southeastern Brazil
Authors: PEIXOTO ANTÔNIO JOÃO MALAFAIA , PAIVA PAULO CESAR
Published: September 2020

Eleven apinnate Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 species were recorded from southeastern Brazil, both from coastal environments and the continental slope. Ten of these species—Prionospio acuta sp. nov., P. fosterae sp. nov., P. kinbergi sp. nov., P. hartmanae sp. nov., P. mutata sp. nov., P. cinthyae sp. nov., P. corrugata sp. nov., P. alexandrae sp. nov., P. biancoi sp. nov., and P. quadrilamellata sp. nov. are new to science, whereas P. cf. delta Hartman, 1965 has been previously recorded in Brazil. Most novel species correspond to multibranchiate forms, but can be distinguished based on the prostomial shape, presence of dorsal crests, branchial morphology, presence of sabre chaetae, morphology of parapodial lamellae, and hook morphology. An identification key and a comparison table to all eleven species recorded in the area are provided.
Anti-GPC3 Antibody-Conjugated BEZ235 Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles (Ab-BEZ235-NP) Enhances Radiosensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibition of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Liang Yong , Xie Chunmei , Li Amin , Huo Zhen , Wu Binquan , Cai Shiyu , Cao Weiya , Ma Yongfang , Xu Ruyue , Jiang Zhenyou , Ma Dong , Tang Xiaolong
Published: September 2020

Aim: To assess AB-BEZ235-NP potential as a radio-sensitizer in hepatocellular carcinoma models. Method: By comparing hepatocellular carcinoma cell with simple radiation or combined AB-BEZ235-NP therapy, the HCC apoptosis and self-repair level have significant differences in mortality
rates and cell migration abilities. Results: Cell proliferation and DNA damage increased by pretreatment with AB-BEZ235-NP after irradiation; further studies on the repair pathway indicated that AB-BEZ235-NP inhibited the important pathway of DSB repair. Our results further show that AB-BEZ235-NP
significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of the canonical protein, γ-H2AX, in the NHEJ DSB repair pathway and Serine Protein Kinase (SPK) ATM, and TP53-Binding Protein one. More importantly, AB-BEZ235-NP increased the mount of mean γ-H2AX Foci in irradiated cells,
indicating that AB-BEZ235-NP can selectively inhibit DSB repair in HCC cells. Therefore, these results clearly eludicate that treatment with AB-BEZ235-NP is a potential promising therapy which can increase the radiosensitivity to HCC.
An Herbal Nanohybrid Formula of Epigallocatechin Gallate-Chitosan-Alginate Efficiently Restrict the Sexual Dysfunction Adverse Effect of β-Adrenergic Antagonist Drug: Propranolol
Authors: Khaled Esraa , Abo El-Ela Fatma I. , El-Nesr Khaled Ali , Zanaty Mohamed I. , El-Banna H. A. , El-Shahawy Ahmed A. G.
Published: September 2020

The clinical studies proved the adverse effect of Propranolol on sexual function. Regarding this issue, the key research question of this study was, whether the designed herbal nanohybrid formula EGCG-chitosan-alginate has an efficacy versus Propranolol, or not? The formula was optimized
according to the coacervation method. Its molecular structure and characteristics were confirmed. The entrapment efficiency was determined, and the stability, as well in vitro release study was conducted. The in vivo study was conducted for 65 days. To answer the raised question,
tissue weights of the testis, epididymis seminal vesicles, and prostate were determined. Oxidative stress markers as MDA and GSH were measured in testis and epididymis, while testosterone in blood serum. The semen analysis was performed. DNA damage was detected according to the comet assay
procedures. Conventional pathological examination was done in special concern to testis and epididymis. The characterization results reflected the good preparation of the formula with an amorphous structure in a range of 200 nm, high stability with ZP + 57.3 mV. The calculated EE was 84.10
± 1.19% and the release percent was 72.11 ± 0.77% for 24 hrs. All the rats increased in the weight with variations among the groups in the tissue organs. The finding exposed a significant decrease in the average of MDA in the rats' testes with a significant increase in GSH while
a non-significant difference in the epididymis, in both. The testosterone, the seminal parameters, and the DNA integrity significantly increased in the nano-formula compared to propranolol. Likewise, normal pathological findings of the nano-formula in the testis and Epididymis compared to
abnormal of propranolol. In total, the current research confirmed that EGCG had no toxic effects and able to promote fertility. The most important finding was the administration of EGCG either in normal or nano-form prior to propranolol alleviated the effects of propranolol. These findings
reflected the protection evident of EGCG versus propranolol.
Severe Convective Storms across Europe and the United States. Part II: ERA5 Environments Associated with Lightning, Large Hail, Severe Wind, and Tornadoes
Authors: Taszarek Mateusz , Allen John T. , Púčik Tomáš , Hoogewind Kimberly A. , Brooks Harold E.
Published: September 2020

In this study we investigate convective environments and their corresponding climatological features over Europe and the United States. For this purpose, National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and Arrival Time Difference long-range lightning detection network (ATDnet) data, ERA5 hybrid-sigma levels, and severe weather reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD) and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) Storm Data were combined on a common grid of 0.25° and 1-h steps over the period 1979–2018. The severity of convective hazards increases with increasing instability and wind shear (WMAXSHEAR), but climatological aspects of these features differ over both domains. Environments over the United States are characterized by higher moisture, CAPE, CIN, wind shear, and midtropospheric lapse rates. Conversely, 0–3-km CAPE and low-level lapse rates are higher over Europe. From the climatological perspective severe thunderstorm environments (hours) are around 3–4 times more frequent over the United States with peaks across the Great Plains, Midwest, and Southeast. Over Europe severe environments are the most common over the south with local maxima in northern Italy. Despite having lower CAPE (tail distribution of 3000–4000 J kg−1 compared to 6000–8000 J kg−1 over the United States), thunderstorms over Europe have a higher probability for convective initiation given a favorable environment. Conversely, the lowest probability for initiation is observed over the Great Plains, but, once a thunderstorm develops, the probability that it will become severe is much higher compared to Europe. Prime conditions for severe thunderstorms over the United States are between April and June, typically from 1200 to 2200 central standard time (CST), while across Europe favorable environments are observed from June to August, usually between 1400 and 2100 UTC.
Administrative Responsiveness in Ease of Doing Business
Authors: Chowdhry Sachin
Published: September 2020

Ease of doing business is an integrated approach to improve delivery of various services for running an enterprise through regulatory reforms. Several parameters have been identified by the World Bank, which ranks 190 countries, including India, based on the reform initiatives undertaken by them. India has made significant progress in the rankings. However, there are still areas where there is huge scope for improvement. Despite the political push, it is the responsiveness of the administrative system that holds the key. Indian bureaucracy is often blamed for its ‘personnel, paperwork, and process’ orientation. This article is an attempt to analyse the response of the bureaucracy in four select parameters: (a) starting a business, (b) getting electricity, (c) registering property and (d) getting credit. The rationale behind their selection is that, though all businesses have to negotiate the processes, these four have direct interface with the service delivery agencies, and there is greater measurability of their responsiveness in general.
Smart phone usage, sleep quality and depression in university students
Authors: Kaya Fadime , Bostanci Daştan Nihal , Durar Erkan
Published: September 2020

Background:

The smart phone contains various mobile applications specifically targeting their contents, such as information, messages, e-mail, education and entertainment towards youths. Problematic and excessive smart phone usage can cause many health problems including anxiety, depression and sleep disorders.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between smart phone usage, sleep quality and depression.

Methods:

Eight hundred and four students who owned smart phones were given the Information Form, Smart Phone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used for analysis data.

Results:

The mean age of the students in the sample was 20.93 ± 2.44. It comprised female (65.0%) and male (35.0%) students. All of the students used smart phones. The daily smart phone usage duration was 7.85 ± 4.55 hour. According to the multivariate linear regression analysis results, significant relationships were statistically determined in the positive way between the smart phone addiction and PSQI point ( p  < .01) and BDI point ( p  < .01).

Conclusion:

Consequently, a relationship exists between smart phone usage, poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms in university students. The university students, whose depression point is high and sleep quality is poor, should be followed up with regarding the smart phone addiction.
The Humanitarian Turn at the UNSC: Explaining the development of international norms through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Hanania Richard
Published: September 2020

The UN Security Council (UNSC) has transformed from a body almost exclusively focused on conflict to one that addresses a wide variety of issues. Despite a series of powerful works in recent years showing how international norms have developed over time, we still lack clear understanding of why and when international institutions change their missions. This article argues that while international politics is usually characterized by inertia, shocks to the system, or focal point events, can compel rational actors to adopt new logics of appropriateness. Since 1945, the end of the Cold War and the signing of the Helsinki Accords stand out as such events. Through latent Dirichlet allocation, a machine learning algorithm used to classify text, UNSC resolutions between 1946 and 2017 can be divided into the subjects of War, Punitive, and Humanitarian. The topic Humanitarian exploded in frequency after the Cold War, and more refined models show that words related to human rights and elections similarly increased after Helsinki. These changes are rapid and occur in almost the immediate aftermath of focal point events, showing their importance for norm diffusion. The analysis also reveals another shift towards humanitarian topics in the mid-2000s, demonstrating the ability of topic modeling to uncover changes that have been missed by earlier kinds of analysis.
Does Freedom of Expression Cause Less Terrorism?
Authors: Eskildsen Lasse Skjoldager , Bjørnskov Christian
Published: September 2020

It is often assumed that there is a trade-off between civil rights and national safety although the association is theoretically ambiguous. This article therefore explores this association by estimating the effect of degrees of freedom of expression on the risk of terrorist attacks. We first note that different theoretical arguments support both a positive and negative association between freedom of expression and terrorism. We explore this association empirically in a large panel of 162 countries observed between 1970 and 2016. Distinguishing between media freedom and discussion freedom, and separating democracies and autocracies, we find that discussion freedom is unambiguously associated with less terrorism in democracies.
Together or Not? Dynamics of Public Attitudes on UN and NATO
Authors: Kiratli Osman Sabri
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the driving forces of public endorsement of two major intergovernmental organizations—the UN and NATO. More specifically, I scrutinize the effects of two sets of independent variables on individual support for security intergovernmental organizations: respondents’ subjective evaluation of the domestic economic conditions and the gap between the home country’s foreign policy preferences and the mean preference within the said intergovernmental organization. For the empirical analysis, I employ cross-sectional survey data acquired from Pew Global Attitudes Surveys covering a sample of 37 countries and 10 waves spanning 2007–2017. The statistical analyses lend strong support for both hypotheses. Specifically, citizens who are dissatisfied with the national economic conditions are less likely to be in favor of intergovernmental organizations. The negative correlation between the perceptions of domestic economic performance and attitudes toward intergovernmental organizations is particularly compelling in countries that contribute more to the budget of that intergovernmental organization. Second, in countries where the foreign policy preferences converge with the other members of an intergovernmental organization, public opinion is more favorably disposed toward that intergovernmental organization.
The computer simulation of cellular automata traffic model with the consideration of vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology
Authors: Małecki Krzysztof , Gabryś Maciej
Published: September 2020

Based on the two-lane, symmetric traffic model (STCA), a modified traffic model, including Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication (STCA V2I model, for short), is presented. The combined full-autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles are able to exchange information as well as the intentions of the driver with the surrounding vehicles through V2I communication. In the analyzed case, the communication between vehicles includes the sending of information to vehicles to the rear about the traffic situation ahead. Numerical simulations present a greater dispersion of vehicles with the same traffic density and fewer lane changes, while maintaining the same average vehicle speed as in the STCA model. Spatial–temporal profiles of traffic flow indicate that vehicles moving in accordance with the STCA V2I model are not subject to unnecessary concentration. Numerical studies have shown the positive and negative effects of transmitting traffic congestion messages.
Effects of process parameters on the lap joint strength and morphology in friction stir spot welding of ABS sheets
Authors: Ayaz Asil , Ülker Aydin
Published: September 2020

In this study, a new method was proposed to reduce the keyhole volume with friction stir spot welding process and improve the lap joint shear load-carrying capacity of the weld by analyzing the effects of tool rotation speed, plunge depth and dwell time on the weld. Single lap shear tests were carried out to determine the influences of the welding parameters on the mechanical behavior of the welds. The quality of the joint was evaluated by examining the characteristics of the joint as a result of the lap joint shear load. For friction stir spot welding of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene samples, the experiments were designed according to Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array in a randomized way. From the analysis of variance and the signal-to-noise ratio, the significant parameters and the optimum combination level of the parameters were obtained. It was found that using a tool rotation of 1000 rpm, plunge depth 11.5 mm and dwell time of 40 s, an improved joint strength can be obtained. The results showed that joint strength was improved by an amount of 20% as compared with the optimum welding parameters to the initial welding parameters. Macrostructure examination plays an important role to determine the joint strength and evaluate the influences of each welding parameters. So, weld morphology was investigated by morphological analysis and visual comparisons. It was also observed failure modes for fractured samples having the highest, moderate and lowest lap joint shear load.
Between Communist Doctrines and Nationalist Agendas: Writing Reforms in Inner Mongolia, 1954–1980
Authors: Wang Anran
Published: September 2020

The writing reforms of the Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia from 1954 to 1980 are a notable case of Maoist China’s language planning projects. In those years, the Chinese government attempted to implement two consecutive reforms featuring Cyrillization and Latinization of the Mongolian writing system, but neither reform yielded any substantial result and the traditional Mongolian script remains in use today. This article explores the domestic and international dynamics behind these two closely related reform attempts and examines their origins, rationales, processes of implementation, and reasons for failure. Although the rationales of both reforms lay in the communist doctrine favoring easier, more regular, and more universal writing systems that could improve literacy and facilitate communication, hidden behind both reforms were nationalist agendas. The Cyrillization reform sought linguistic unity with the Mongolian People’s Republic, while the Latinization reform sought unity of writing systems among languages in China. In both cases, the hidden nationalist agendas undermined the original goals of the reforms, and the reforms lost momentum once contending agendas prevailed.
Research and Teaching Qualifications for Faculty Positions in Psychology at 4-Year Colleges and Universities
Authors: Boysen Guy A.
Published: September 2020

Standards for the evaluation of candidates for faculty positions in psychology differ by institution and applicants’ career level, but no research has attempted to quantify these variations. This study asked faculty ( N = 267) to describe the minimal research and teaching qualifications needed by job candidates at baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral institutions. Results showed that the minimum qualifications for serious consideration at all three types of institutions included a record of about one publication a year, 2 years of teaching experience, and responsibility for one full course. Minimal qualifications increase based on candidates’ career level and institutions’ emphasis on research and teaching. These results provide some empirical guidance for aspiring professors’ professional development and career decision-making.
Employees’ responses to psychological contract breach: The mediating role of organizational cynicism
Authors: Bari Muhammad Waseem , Qurrah-tul-ain  , Abrar Muhammad , Fanchen Meng
Published: September 2020

This study evaluates employees’ responses (turnover intention and counterproductive work behavior) to different forms of psychological contract breach (relational and transactional), and the mediating role of organizational cynicism between employees’ responses and psychological contract breach. This study used a time lag technique for data collection from 411 bank employees in Pakistan. PLS-SEM and SmartPls software were applied for data analyses. The findings show that relational psychological contract breach has no significant impact on turnover intention but transactional psychological contract breach has a significant impact on turnover intention. However, counterproductive work behavior has a significant association with both forms of psychological contract breach (relational and transactional). Organizational cynicism significantly mediates the relation of relational psychological contract breach and turnover intention, but fails to mediate the relation between transactional psychological contract breach and turnover intention. Contrary to this, organizational cynicism partially mediates the relation between psychological contract breach (relational and transactional) and counterproductive work behavior. The implications and future directions are discussed in the last section of this study.
A parametric study of hydraulic fracturing interference between fracture clusters and stages based on numerical modeling
Authors: Chen Ang , Guo Xuyang , Yu Huiyong , Huang Lei , Shi Shanzhi , Cheng Ning
Published: September 2020

Shale oil reservoirs are usually developed by horizontal wells completed with multi-stage hydraulic fractures. The fracture interference between clusters in a single stage and between consecutive stages has an impact on the stimulation quality in terms of fracture geometries and fracture widths. This study introduces a non-planar hydraulic fracture model based on the extended finite element method and its use in quantifying the effects of relevant parameters on multi-stage fracture quality in a realistic shale oil scenario. The numerical model is validated with field diagnostics based on vertical seismic profiling. Relevant parameters including stress contrast, fracturing fluid viscosity, cluster density, and fracturing in consecutive stages are quantitatively analyzed in the numerical study. Results show that effects of stress contrast on fracture quality are greater than those of fracturing fluid viscosity, while the effects are more significant in outer fractures instead of the inner fracture. Denser cluster design leads to greater inhibition for the growth of inner fractures which eventually divert them transversely. In fracturing for consecutive stages, the opening of fractures in the subsequent stages is inhibited and the fracture geometries are also altered by the inter-stage interference caused by the previous stage. Based on field data and numerical modeling, this study identifies key parameters and quantifies their effects on inter-fracture and inter-stage interference in multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells.
Positional Installation of Intranasal Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Cummings Emily L. , Fassas Scott N. , Sykes Kevin J. , Sisson Amy , Chiu Alexander G. , Fox Meha G.
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

First-line treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis includes topical corticosteroids aimed at decreasing inflammation of sinonasal mucosa. No guidelines exist regarding the effect of head position during administration of corticosteroids. We hypothesize certain positions enhance delivery to the paranasal sinuses, with further improvement in delivery after sinus surgery.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. All studies evaluating intranasal medications administered in 2 or more head positions were included. Study population, head position(s), method/volume of delivery, and outcome metrics were recorded.

Results:

Twenty-four studies compared head positions and their role in distribution of intranasal medication. Of 12 papers studying surgically naive subjects, 6 found improvement in delivery to specific sinonasal regions (middle meatus; lateral, superior, or posterior nasal cavity) and/or symptomatic improvement, in the lying head back (LHB) or head down and forward (HDF) positions, but only 3 reached statistical significance. Of 12 papers studying surgically altered patients, 10 found delivery improved in the HDF, LHB, and head forward 45° or 90° positions. Of 5 studies of extended frontal sinus procedures (Draf IIb/III), a majority found distribution to the frontal sinus improved with the head forward 90° position. Patients found the HDF position most uncomfortable.

Conclusions:

Studies found no statistically significant difference in distribution to unoperated sinuses among different head positions. A minority of studies supported the use of the LHB and HDF positions. This suggests that in surgically naive patients, intranasal corticosteroid delivery to sinonasal regions and/or symptomatic improvement may be best achieved with the sinuses positioned inferior to the delivery device. Surgery improved distribution to the paranasal sinuses regardless of head position, although tilting the head forward 90° was particularly effective in delivery to the frontal sinus after extended frontal sinus procedures.
Populism and the (Italian) crisis: The voters and the context
Authors: Caiani Manuela , Padoan Enrico
Published: September 2020

This article, focusing on Italy, aims to broaden our understanding of the recent striking electoral fortunes of (differing types of) populism in the country, by locating them within multiple crises (political, economic, migration) that have shocked Europe in the last two decades. By combining individual-level survey data on voters with organizational-level interviews conducted with national and local representatives and activists of the Five Star Movement and the League, the role played by these crises in the two different Italian populisms will be disentangled from ‘demand’ and ‘supply’ perspectives – which are usually treated in isolation. The findings indicate a coherence between the political parties’ message and their respective potential voters’ orientations and attitudes (with regard to the three crises), underlining the ability of different varieties of populism to intercept (and mobilize) different grievances: whereas the economic crisis of representation is a key ingredient of both the populists’ success, the cultural crisis is more salient for the exclusionary populist League, while the political crisis is more salient for the inclusionary 5SM. For both the mobilization and representation of those citizens unsatisfied with traditional politics seems crucial. These different causes of success appear to be a useful lens through which to examine the failure of an attempt to govern by combining two differing types of populism.
“His inner-self must be good”: An ethnographic-vignette study of social interactions between children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing peers
Authors: Yi Huso , Siu Queenie K. Y.
Published: September 2020

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can benefit from greater social integration through positive peer relationships. The study aimed to understand children’s views toward autism as well as experiences of interactions between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. After ethnographic observations in a mainstream primary school educating diverse students, interviews were conducted with 10 students with ASD and ten of their TD peers using open-ended and vignette questions about three hypothetical scenarios set in varied contexts: a classroom, a birthday party, and a public setting. Narrative analysis focused on how the children constructed their experiences in response to these vignettes. Children with ASD frequently experienced isolation in peer interactions. While their TD peers favored interactions with those with ASD, believing that their behaviors of concern are extrinsic and their intentions must be good, their lack of understanding of ASD and of social skills that could be used to facilitate more positive interactions could result in unintended harm and exclusion. Early school-based intervention would assist in increasing the acceptance of neurodevelopmental differences and diversity.
Approach and avoidance motives for touch are predicted by attachment and predict daily relationship well-being
Authors: Jakubiak Brett K. , Debrot Anik , Kim James , Impett Emily A.
Published: September 2020

Research suggests that touch promotes relationship well-being but has failed to consider motives for touch. We assessed general (Study 1) and daily (Study 2) approach and avoidance motives for touch and tested their precursors and consequences. Controlling for relationship quality and the other motive, greater attachment avoidance predicted lower approach and greater avoidance motives for touch in general but did not predict motives in daily life. Greater attachment anxiety simultaneously predicted greater approach and avoidance motives for touch in both studies suggesting anxiously attached people have ambivalent motives for touch. Critically, one’s own and one’s partner’s approach motives for touch predicted greater daily relationship well-being, whereas own and partner avoidance motives predicted poorer daily relationship well-being. We observed indirect effects linking attachment insecurity to relationship well-being through daily motives for touch. These results underscore the importance of attending to touch motives in future work, including future intervention work.
Adolescent physical activity-related injuries in school physical education and leisure-time sports
Authors: Sollerhed Ann-Christin , Horn Axel , Culpan Ian , Lynch James
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sports injuries in school physical education (PE) and leisure-time sports among 1011 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in relation to physical activity, and to examine goal orientation.

Methods

A survey was used with additional narrative descriptions.

Results

There was a higher prevalence of injuries in leisure time (645/993 = 65%) than in PE (519/998 = 52%). Two groups with high PE injury rates were identified: a) highly active (258/998 = 26%) in both school PE and leisure-time sports and b) highly inactive (180/998 = 18%) in both contexts. There were no differences between girls and boys. Task-oriented adolescents were more prone to injury.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of injuries in PE appears to have two mechanisms: renewed inadequately recovered leisure-time injuries among highly active adolescents, and injuries among fragile inactive adolescents unfamiliar with exercise. PE educators of these two groups with different injury patterns have a considerable didactic challenge. Knowledge of inadequately recovered injuries and consideration of the high volume and intensity of early sport-specific training in children and adolescents are important parameters in the design of lesson plans for PE.
Expression of CUE domain containing 2 protein in serous ovarian cancer tissue: predicting disease-free and overall survival of patients
Authors: Lingyun Hu , Ailing Li , Yali Li , Yanqin You , Jing Ning
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to predict disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival of cancer patients through expression of CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2) protein.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we investigated CUEDC2 expression in 75 serous ovarian cancer tissues and 34 tubal fimbria tissues by immunohistochemistry. Chemoresistance was analyzed using clinical follow-up data.

Results

CUEDC2 expression scores were 1.35 ± 0.60, 1.54 ± 0.57, 1.78 ± 0.71, and 2.13 ± 0.27 for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I, II, III, and IV tissues, respectively, indicating that CUEDC2 expression increased with stage and that scores differed between patients with early and advanced cancers. We found no differences in CUEDC2 expression for tissues with low, medium, and high differentiation. CUEDC2 expression was unrelated to patient age, pathological grade, or presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, but was related to tumor stage. For CUEDC2-positive patients, median DFS and OS survival were 32.6 and 54.3 months, respectively. For CUEDC2-negative patients, median DFS and OS were 51.9 and 63.5 months, respectively. Expression of CUEDC2 was correlated with DFS but not OS.

Conclusion

CUEDC2 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and is related to tumor stage and DFS.
GPX3 methylation is associated with hematologic improvement in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with Pai-Neng-Da
Authors: Yang Shujun , Gao Tong , Zheng Zhonghua , Lai Binbin , Sheng Lixia , Xu Zhijuan , Yan Xiao , Wang Jiaping , Duan Shiwei , Ouyang Guifang
Published: September 2020

Objective

The aim of this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was to explore the relationship between GPX3 methylation and Pai-Neng-Da (PND) in the treatment of patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Methods

There were 82 low-risk MDS patients who were randomly divided into the following two groups: androl, thalidomide, and PND capsule (ATP group, n = 41); or androl and thalidomide (AT group, n = 41). Hemoglobin and neutrophil and platelet counts and changes in GPX3 methylation level were assessed.

Results

The plasma hemoglobin level increased in both groups after treatment. However, the platelet count increased only in the ATP group. Patients in the ATP group had a better platelet response than the AT group, and GPX3 methylation markedly decreased after treatment with ATP but not after treatment with AT. Moreover, male patients had a significantly lower GPX3 methylation level than female patients, while platelet counts from male patients increased dramatically after the ATP regimens compared with female patients. GPX3 methylation changes were negatively correlated with platelet changes in ATP group.

Conclusion

PND can improve hematological parameters and decrease the GPX3 methylation level. Decreasing GPX3 methylation is associated with the hematologic response that includes platelet in GPX3 methylation. China Clinical Trial Bureau (ChiCTR; http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ) registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-15006635.
Psychological state of patients with sudden deafness and the effect of psychological intervention on recovery
Authors: Sun Bin , Liu Liangliang , Ren Xiaoyong , Wang Zhenghui
Published: September 2020

Objective

To determine the effect of personalized psychological interventions on the recovery of patients with sudden deafness.

Methods

Participants were 438 patients with sudden deafness who were randomly allocated to observation and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine nursing care and drug treatment. Patients in the observation group received personalized psychological interventions, routine nursing care and drug treatment. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression. The Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used to evaluate coping styles, attitude toward life and quality of life.

Results

Patients in both groups had similar SAS and SDS scores at the time of admission. After treatment, there was a significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between the observation and control groups, indicating that the observation group had less anxiety and depression. Both groups had increased SCSQ and SWLS scores following treatment, indicating improvements in positive coping and satisfaction with life.

Conclusion

Effective psychological interventions may change negative thoughts, increase response rate and improve quality of life.
Dexmedetomidine is superior to midazolam for sedation and cerebral protection in postoperative hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Gong Weiyi , Zhang Shuguang , Li Xiaoliang , Shi Lei
Published: September 2020

Objective

Dexmedetomidine has a good sedative effect and does not affect the judgment of the patient's consciousness level. However, its effectiveness for sedation and cerebral protection after craniotomy in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) patients is unknown.

Methods

A retrospective study of 164 postoperative HICH patients who underwent sedation with dexmedetomidine or midazolam was conducted. The Ramsay sedation score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate were measured at the indicated time points. Human soluble protein-100β (S-100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were also compared between the two groups.

Results

Dexmedetomidine treatment showed a significantly better effect than midazolam on decreasing the frequency of apparent agitation. The MAP and HR, but not the SpO2, were significantly decreased and lower than those in midazolam group. Detection of plasma S-100β and NSE proteins revealed a significant decrease in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the midazolam group. The 6-month follow-up evaluation indicated a significantly better prognosis of postoperative HICH patients treated with dexmedetomidine than for those treated with midazolam.

Conclusions

Dexmedetomidine is effective for sedation in postoperative HICH patients and may be beneficial for their outcome.