bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ И СПОСОБЫ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ БЕСТОВАРНЫХ ОПЕРАЦИЙ ЭКСПЕРТОМ-БУХГАЛТЕРОМ
Authors: Гаджиев Н.Г. , Киселева О.В. , Коноваленко С.А. , Скрипкина О.В. , Ахмедова Х.Г.
Published: August 2020

Взаимная связь и обусловленность финансово-хозяйственных операций организаций и учреждений существенно затрудняет выявление и профилактику различного рода злоупотреблений, совершаемых посредством подлогов. Как свидетельствуют теория и практика судебной экономической экспертизы, подложные (фиктивные) документы в бухгалтерском учете во многих случаях используются в качестве способа совершения или сокрытия бестоварных операций, связанных с хищениями материальных ценностей и денежных средств или незаконного присвоения активов организации. В статье акцентируется внимание на том аспекте, что бухгалтерская экспертиза является одной из важнейших эффективных форм экспертного исследования бестоварных операций, также определены признаки, методические подходы и способы их выявления экспертом-бухгалтером. Для достижения этих целей на основе обобщения судебно-следственной и экспертной практики обоснована необходимость классификации наиболее часто встречающихся на практике форм подлогов в различных сферах хозяйственной деятельности предприятия: складского хранения товарно-материальных ценностей; производственного процесса; контрактно-договорных отношений. При этом документальная основа экспертного исследования, по мнению авторов, должна содержать данные как внутреннего, так и внешнего информационных источников в зависимости от количества участников субъектов хозяйствования в совершении бестоварных операций. Цель проведенного авторами исследования – обобщение имеющихся методических подходов и способов выявления бестоварных операций экспертом-бухгалтером в результате проведения судебной экономической экспертизы. При написании использовались теоретические методы исследования, такие как анализ, дедукция и обобщение, в качестве базовых методов анализировались специальные методы документального контроля, широко применяемые в судебно-экономической практике.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОНФИГУРАЦИИ СИСТЕМЫ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ В КРЫМУ
Authors: Ванюшкин А.С. , Дадашев Б.А.
Published: August 2020

Целью исследования является выявление экономически эффективной конфигурации системы альтернативной энергетики в Крыму. Для достижения поставленной цели были рассмотрены особенности, преимущества и недостатки основных видов возобновляемых источников энергии: солнечной, ветровой, биогазовой энергетики, определены основные элементы и условия экономической эффективности системы альтернативной энергетики в Крыму. На основе анализа особенностей, преимуществ и недостатков солнечных, ветровых и биогазовых электростанций и особенностей климата Крымского полуострова в статье разработана концептуальная конфигурация возобновляемых источников энергии (далее ВИЭ) энергосистемы региона, обеспечивающая ее экономическую эффективность; на основе выявленных типовых возможных ситуаций в ВИЭ энергосистеме региона в статье разработан алгоритм ее работы.
Does alternation of Candida albicans TUP1 gene expression affect the progress of symptomatic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Authors: Ghazanfari Mona , Fattahi Azam , Falahati Mehraban , Bakhshizadeh Majid , Roudbary Maryam , Masjedian Jazi Faramarz , Keykhosravi Mohsen , Lotfali Ensieh
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is one of the most common gynecological conditions in healthy and diabetic women, as well as antibiotic users. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between TUP1 gene expression patterns and symptomatic recurrent C. albicans infections.
Materials and Methods: This research was performed on C. albicans samples isolated from the vaginal specimens obtained from 31 individuals with RVVC in 2016. The reference strain C. albicans ATCC 10231, 10 C. albicans strains isolated from minimally symptomatic patients, and 10 isolates from asymptomatic patients were also used as control strains. The relative mRNA expression of the TUP1 gene was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).
Results: The QRT-PCR results revealed that TUP1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased (0.001-0.930 fold) in the C. albicans isolates obtained from RVVC patients (P<0.001). However, no TUP1 expression was detectable in the isolates collected from asymptomatic patients. The results also indicated a significant correlation between TUP1 mRNA expression level and the severity of itching and discharge (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The present results were suggestive of the probable contribution of TUP1, as a part of the transcriptional repressor, to the severity of the symptoms related to C. albicans infections in the vagina. Regarding this, it is required to perform more in vivo studies using a larger sample size to characterize the regulatory or stimulatory function of TUP1 in the severity of RVVC symptoms. Furthermore, the study and identification of the genes involved in the severity of the symptomatic manifestations of C. albicans, especially in resistant strains, may lead to the recognition of an alternative antifungal target to enable the development of an effective agent.
Antifungal susceptibility profiles of otomycosis etiological agents in Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Gharaghani Maral , Halvaeezadeh Marzieh , Jalaee Gholam Ali , Taghipour Simin , Kiasat Neda , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: Otomycosis is a secondary ear fungal infection among predisposed individuals in humid conditions. Aspergillus species are the most common etiologic agents of this infection. Several ototopical antifungals are currently used for the treatment of this disease; however, recurrence and treatment failure are usually observed in some cases. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal activity of caspofungin, azoles, and terbinafine against the isolated agents of otomycosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on the specimens collected from 90 patients with otomycosis. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological tests, and microscopic features. Furthermore, the microdilution method was used for antifungal susceptibility testing according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum effective concentration (MEC) ranges, MIC/MEC50, MIC/MEC90, and geometric mean (GM) MIC/MEC were calculated for the isolates.
Results: According to the results, 77 patients with otomycosis were positive for different Aspergillus (88.3%) and Candida (11.7%) species. Aspergillus niger complex (n=36) was found to be the most common agent, followed by A. flavus, A. terreus, and A. nidulans complexes. Furthermore, epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) were lower than those presented by the CLSI for itraconazole and caspofungin in 98.5% and 42.6% of Aspergillus species, respectively. Terbinafine exhibited a great activity against Aspergillus species, while fluconazole revealed a low activity against both Aspergillus species. Based on the results, 77.8% of Candida species were resistant to caspofungin; however, miconazole and econazole had low MIC ranges.
Conclusion: Aspergillus niger and A. flavus complexes were identified as the most common agents accounting for 85.7% of the isolates. In addition, terbinafine was identified as the best antifungal for both Aspergillus and Candida species. Moreover, tested azoles had relatively low MICs, whereas most of the isolates had the MIC values beyond the caspofungin ECVs.
Pestalotioid fungi: A rare agent of onychomycosis among agriculture workers
Authors: Borgohain Parismita , Barua Purnima , Mahanta Jagadish , Ram Saikia Lakhi
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: Pestalotioid fungi are ubiquitous environmental molds that have received considerable attention in recent times not only because of their role as a plant pathogen but also owing to their high frequency of retrieval from human diseases. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate onychomycosis caused by pestalotioid fungi, commonly considered important phytopathogens causing grey blight disease in Camellia sinensis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 122 agriculture workers were enrolled from Assam, India. Direct microscopic examination was carried out using 40% KOH to determine the presence of any fungal element. Further processing of the specimens for the isolation of fungi was performed using the standard protocol. In addition, the keratinolytic potential of the isolates was evaluated by means of the in vitro hair perforation test.
Results: Out of 103 culture-positive samples, non-dermatophyte and dermatophyte molds constituted 82.52% (n=85) and 6.79% (n=7) of the samples, followed by yeasts (n=1, 0.9%) and sterile hyphae (n=10, 9.7%). With regard to the isolated non-dermatophyte molds (82.69%), 4 cases belonged to pestalotioid fungi, such as Neopestalotiopsis piceana (n=1), Pestalotiopsis species (n=1), and Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (n=2). The keratinolytic activity of Pestalotiopsis species showed perforation by disrupting the hair cortex; furthermore, macroconidia were found to be present inside the human hair.
Conclusion: A high rate of NDM isolation may be attributed to constant exposure to adverse environmental and occupational hazards. This study highlighted the importance of “pestalotioid fungi” as the rare etiologic agent of onychomycosis. Another remarkable finding was the keratinolytic potential of Pestalotiopsis species, which is unique in this study.
Isolation of different fungi from the skin of patients with seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Mahmoudi Elaheh , Rezaie Jahangir
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is characterized by erythematous inflammatory patches that mostly appear in the sebaceous gland-rich skin areas. In addition to the key role of Malassezia species in SD, its contribution to other fungal microbiota has been recently addressed in the literature. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to identify and determine the fungal species associated with the incidence of SD.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, fungal microbiome in scaling samples were collected from SD lesions and then analyzed based on the DNA sequencing of ITS regions.
Results: In addition to Malassezia, several fungal species were detected in the samples collected from the SD lesions. According to the results, 15.5%, 13.3%, and 6.7% of the isolates were identified as Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus/ Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Penicillium polonicum, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, C. parapsilosis was the most prevalent non-Malassezia species isolated from SD lesions. Our results provided basic information about a specific fungal population accounting for the incidence of SD.
Effect of Carum carvi essential oil on ERG6 gene expression and virulence factors in Candida albicans
Authors: Nasiri Samira , Shams-Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of Carum carvi essential oil (EO) against ERG6 gene expression in relation to fungal growth and some important virulence factors in Candida albicans.
Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. carvi EO against C. albicans was determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A4 method at a concentration range of 20-1280 μg/ml. Furthermore, the expression of ERG6 gene was studied at the 0.5× MIC concentration of C. carvi EO using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The proteinase and phospholipase activities, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and cell membrane ergosterol (CME) content of C. albicans were also assessed at the 0.5× MIC concentration of the plant EO using the approved methods. In addition, fluconazole (FLC) was used as a control antifungal drug.
Results: The results indicated that the MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration of C. carvi EO for C. albicans growth were 320 and 640 μg/ml, respectively. The expression of fungal ERG6 at an mRNA level and ergosterol content of yeast cells were significantly decreased by both C. carvi EO (640 μg/ml) and FLC (2 μg/ml). The proteinase and phospholipase activities were also reduced in C. carvi EO by 49.82% and 53.26%, respectively, while they were inhibited in FLC-treated cultures by 27.72% and 34.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the CSH was inhibited in EO- and FLC-treated cultures by 12.75% and 20.80%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed that C. carvi EO can be considered a potential natural compound in the development of an efficient antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Regression Model to Analyse Air Pollutants Over a Coastal Industrial Station Visakhapatnam ( India )
Authors: Prasad N.V. Krishna , Sarma M.S.S.R.K.N. , Sasikala P. , Raju M Naga , Madhavi N.
Published: August 2020

Particulate matter concentration and its study has gained tremendous significance in view of increase in air pollution. Since air pollution has many adverse effects on mankind, measures may be taken by observing the trends in PM2.5 (particulate matter) and concentrations of pollutants like NO2, SO2, NO2, NO, NOx, CO, NH3 and RH(Relative Humidity)  as well as temperature. Even though continuous monitoring of air pollution in urban locations has been increasing in view of its huge impact on the sustainable development and ecological balance a regression model is essential always to analyse large sets of data. These regression models also play vital role in some cases where data was not observed due to unavoidable circumstances and during times when the measuring instruments do not work. In this context an attempt was made to develop a regression model exclusively for Visakhapatnam(India) a coastal, urban and industrial station and to analyse the trends in particulate matter concentration at this staion. A regression model was developed with PM2.5 as dependent variable and SO2, NOx, NO2, CO, NH3, temperature(Temp) and relative humidity(RH) as independent variables. The efficiency of the model was tested with known independent variables and PM2.5 was estimated. It is found that observed and estimated PM2.5 values are highly correlated.
Classification of Biomedical Literature in Hypertension and Diabetes
Authors: Rodzuan Nur Aniq Syafiq , Kasim Shahreen , Sithambranathan Mohanavali , Hassan Muhammad Zaki
Published: August 2020

Textual information gives us more clear information as it is presented using words and characters, which is easy for humans to understand. To extract this kind of information, text mining was introduced as new technology. Text mining is the process of extracting non-trivial patterns or knowledge from text documents or from textual databases. The purpose of this research paper is to perform and compare keyword extraction using statistical and linguistic extraction tools for 120 text documents related to hypertension and diabetes disease. In order to draw this comparison, RStudio, a statistical-based tool and TerMine, a linguistic-based tool have been used to demonstrate the process of extracting the specified keyword from the biomedical literature. Thus, classification evaluation using Naïve Bayes classifier is carried out in order to evaluate and compare the performance of the statistical and linguistic approaches using these tools. Experimental results show the result of the comparison and the difference between both tools in executing extraction keywords.
Using Big Data Analytics for Decision Making: Analyzing Customer Behavior using Association Rule Mining in a Gold, Silver, and Precious Metal Trading Company in Indonesia
Authors: Yudhistyra Wecka Imam , Risal Evri Marta , Raungratanaamporn I-soon , Ratanavaraha Vatanavongs
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is facing many challenges in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. One of them is related to big data technologies and implementation that can be seen clearly from Indonesia Industry Readiness Index (INI) 4.0. Therefore, focusing on implementing big data analytics in a gold, silver, and precious metal trading company is the objective of this manuscript to support daily business operations. To be more specific, the aim is to discover meaningful patterns and ensure high quality of knowledge discovery from the big data available in a company in Indonesia. It is needed to support the Making Indonesia 4.0 as a roadmap to implement industrial digitalization in Indonesia. The methodology used for the big data implementation in this manuscript is the combination of the CRISP-DM framework and key steps for customer analytics. The result of this research is a list of recommendations that facilitate strategic planning based on evidence of measurable big data analytics to achieve the business goals of a company.
Improvement of Traditional Protection System in the Existing Hybrid Microgrid with Advanced Intelligent Method
Authors: Khandare Pooja , Deokar Sanjay , Dixit Aarti
Published: August 2020

The sustainable power sources will turn out to be a long haul future arrangement over conventional existing accessible source. Numerous specialized difficulties are ascending in the developing system of the Indian Microgrid; protection is one of it. Traditional protection framework utilized directional overcurrent transfers for the assurance against different deficiencies. These are dependent on the presupposition of the unidirectional progression of Current. The similar strategy cannot matter to the microgrid security as a bidirectional progression of current streams because of the nearness of DGs, which prompts specialized difficulties in the Microgrid. The new advanced intelligent method of DWT-differential Algorithm proposed over traditional protection system. The various parameters such as PS (Plug setting), TS (time setting), CDS(current duration setting) and operating time of relay tested. Indian Microgrid concentrated as contextual analysis, and smart system of microgrid protection prescribed to defeat all challenges got from writing contemplated. The system is designed in MATLAB software ,Double line to ground fault is simulated at different locations and DWT-DA is applied.The percentage of reduction obtained in operating time and other parameters are results in increasing reliability of microgrid.
Application and Optimization of MIMO Communication in Wide Area Monitoring Systems
Authors: Recioui Abdelmadjid , Grainat Youcef
Published: August 2020

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology uses a multitude of antennas at both transmitter and receiver to transfer a larger data mount simultaneously. It is the key technology in the 4th and 5th communication system generations. In this work, the use of MIMO technology to enhance the data transfer in terms of completeness, correctness and latency in Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) is envisaged. To further enhance the system, optimization is done to design the communication system in terms of physical layout.  A comparison with the state of art technologies is done to highlight how the adoption of the MIMO technology would enhance the data transfer within the smart grid.
Eskişehir Lületaşı Atıklarından Sütunlanmış Kil Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Karakehya Naile , Bilgiç Ceyda
Published: August 2020

Kil mineralleri, pek çok endüstriyel uygulamada çok eski çağlardan beri kullanılan doğal nano-maddelerdir. Bu mineralleri, adsorban veya katalizör olarak daha kullanışlı hale getirmek için uygulanan işlemlerden biri de hidroksi metal katyonlar ile sütunlamadır. Bu işlem ile tabakalı yapıların gözenek boyutu değiştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada iki tür sütunlanmış kil incelenmiştir. Birincisi, Eskişehir lületaşı tesisi atıklarından alfa-sepiyolit kullanılarak üretilen Al-sütunlanmış sepiyolittir. Diğer sütunlanmış kil (Al-sütunlanmış montmorillonit) ise ticari bir üründür. Al-sütunlanmış sepiyolit ve Al-sütunlanmış montmorillonitin bir lineer alkan serisi ile bazı yüzey etkileşimlerini değerlendirmek için sonsuz seyrelme koşullarında ters gaz kromatografisi (TGK) uygulanmıştır. Sütunlanmış killerin çeşitli fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskopisi (SEM), X-ışını kırınım (XRD) metodu ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FT-IR) spektroskopisi yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Event Geoparser with Pseudo-Location Entity Identification and Numerical Extraction in Indonesian News Corpus
Authors: Dewandaru Agung , Widyantoro Dwi Hendratmo , Akbar Saiful
Published: August 2020

One of the most important component of a Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) is the geoparser, which performs toponym recognition, disambiguation, and geographic coordinate resolution from unstructured text domain. However, news articles which report several events across many place references mentioned in the document is not yet adequately modeled by regular geoparser types where the scope of resolution is either on toponym-level or document-level. The capacity to detect multiple events, geolocate its true locations and coordinates along with their numerical arguments are still missing from modern geoparsers, much less in Indonesian news corpora domain. We propose a novel type event geoparser which integrates an ACE-based event extraction model and provides precise event-level scope resolution. The geoparser casts the geotagging and event extraction as sequence labeling and uses Conditional Random Field with keywords feature obtained using Aggregated Topic Model as a semantic exploration from large corpus, which eventually increases the generalizability of the model. The geoparser also use Smallest Administrative Level feature along with Spatial Minimality-derived algorithm to improve the identification of Pseudo-location entities, resulting 19.4% increase for weighted F1 score. As a side effect of event extraction, the geoparser also extracts various numerical arguments and able to generate thematic choropleth map from a single news story.
Impact of Strategies for Preventing Obesity and Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leme Ana Carolina , Haines Jess , Tang Lisa , Dunker Karin , Tucunduva Philippi Sonia , Fisberg Mauro , Ferrari Gerson Luis , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: August 2020

An effective behavior changes program is the first-line of prevention for youth obesity. However, effectiveness in prevention of adolescent obesity requires several approaches, with special attention paid to disordered eating behaviors and psychological support among other environmental factors. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the impact of two types of obesity prevention programs, inclusive of behavior change components on weight outcomes. Energy-balance studies were aimed at reducing calories from high-energy sources and increasing PA levels, while “shared risk factors for obesity and eating disorders” focused on reducing disordered eating behaviors to promote a positive relationship with food and eating. A systematic search of ProQuest, PubMed, PsycInfo, SciELO, and Web of Science identified 8825 articles. Twenty were considered “energy-balance” and fifteen “shared-risk factors for obesity and eating disorders”. Overall, energy-balance studies were unable to support a maintenance weight status, diet, and PA over time. Shared risk factors programs also did not result in significant differences in weight status over time. However, the majority of shared risk factors studies demonstrated reduced body dissatisfaction, dieting, and weight-control behaviors. More research is needed to examine how a shared risk factor approach can address both obesity and eating disorder.
Long-Term Changes in Soil Properties and Microbial Communities are Continuous Cropping Obstacles Associated with American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius L.) Cultivation
Authors: Li Chongwei , Chen Guozhong , Zhang Jianlong , Bai Xinfu , Zhu Ping , Hou Yuping , Zhang Xingxiao
Published: August 2020

This study aims to verify the time-variant feature of American ginseng (AG) continuous cropping obstacles and to explore the factors impeding continuous cropping. We verified the feature with a plant-soil feedback pot experiment and then investigated the factors by comparing the properties of control soils that had not been previously used for growing ginseng (CS) with those of soils with a 10-year-crop-rotation cycle following the growth of AG (RS). It’s found that the survival rate of AG in RS was lower than that in CS. The RS had lower pH, available potassium content, and urease activity. Additionally, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, and cinnamic acid levels were lower in RS than in CS, but salicylic acid levels showed the opposite pattern. RS had higher Rhodanobacter and lower Acidothermus, Sphingomonas relative abundances in bacterial community. It’s also found that many bacteria were substantially correlated with phenolic acids and soil physiochemical properties. Results indicate that even after 10-year crop rotation, the negative effects of prior continuous cropping of AG has not been eliminated. The growth of AG can be affected negatively with deterioration of soil physicochemical properties and with lower levels of phenolic acids which promote pathogen reproduction. Probiotics reduction also weighs. Moreover, biotic factors are interrelated with abiotic ones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the comprehensive change of soil properties is the main obstacle for continuous cropping.
The Limits of Classical Extensional Mereology for the Formalization of > Whole-Parts Relations in Quantum Chemical Systems
Authors: Banchetti Robino Marina Paola
Published: August 2020

This paper examines whether classical extensional mereology is adequate for formalizing the whole-parts relation in quantum chemical systems. Although other philosophers have argued that classical extensional and summative mereology does not adequately formalize whole-parts relation within organic wholes and social wholes, such critiques often assume that summative mereology is appropriate for formalizing the whole-parts relation in inorganic wholes such as atoms and molecules. However, my discussion of atoms and molecules as they are conceptualized in quantum chemistry will establish that standard mereology cannot adequately fulfill this task, since the properties and behavior of such wholes are context-dependent and cannot simply be reduced to the summative properties of their parts. To the extent that philosophers of chemistry have called for the development of an alternative mereology for quantum chemical systems, this paper ends by proposing behavioral mereology as a promising step in that direction. According to behavioral mereology, considerations of what constitutes a part of a whole is dependent upon the observable behavior displayed by these entities. Thus, relationality and context-dependence are stipulated from the outset and this makes behavioral mereology particularly well-suited as a mereology of quantum chemical wholes. The question of which mereology is appropriate for formalizing the whole-parts relation in quantum chemical systems is relevant to contemporary philosophy of chemistry, since this issue is related to the more general question of the reducibility of chemical wholes to their parts and of the reducibility of chemistry to physics, which have been of central importance within the philosophy of chemistry for several decades. More generally, this paper puts contemporary discussions of mereology within the philosophy of chemistry into a broader historical and philosophical context. In doing so, this paper also bridges the gap between formal mereology, conceived as a branch of formal ontology, and ‘applied’ mereology, conceived as a branch of philosophy of science.
Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase by Glycyrol, a Coumarin, Isolated from Glycyrrhiza Uralensis
Authors: Jeong Geum Seok , Kang Myung-Gyun , Lee Joon Yeop , Lee Sang Ryong , Park Daeui , Cho MyoungLae , Kim Hoon
Published: August 2020

Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and tested for cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities. Glycyrol (GC) effectively inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values of 7.22 and 14.77 µM, respectively, and also moderately inhibited MAO-B (29.48 µM). Six of the other seven compounds only weakly inhibited AChE and BChE, whereas liquiritin apioside moderately inhibited AChE (IC50 = 36.68 µM). Liquiritigenin (LG) potently inhibited MAO-B (IC50 = 0.098 µM) and MAO-A (IC50 = 0.27 µM), and liquiritin, a glycoside of LG, weakly inhibited MAO-B (> 40 µM). GC was a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of BChE with a Ki value of 4.47 µM, and LG was a reversible competitive inhibitor of MAO-B with a Ki value of 0.024 µM. Docking simulations showed that the binding affinity of GC for BChE (-7.8 kcal/mol) was greater than its affinity for AChE (-7.1 kcal/mol), and suggested that GC interacted with BChE at Thr284 and Val288 by hydrogen bonds (distances: 2.42 and 1.92 Å, respectively) beyond the ligand binding site of BChE, but that GC did not form hydrogen bond with AChE. The binding affinity of LG for MAO-B (-8.8 kcal/mol) was greater than its affinity for MAO-A (-7.9 kcal/mol). These findings suggest GC and LG should be considered promising compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with multi-targeting activities.
Bringing onco-innovation to Europe’s healthcare systems: the unexploited potential of biomarker testing, real world evidence and the potential of Tumour Agnostics. The lesson from BRCA1/2 genetic testing
Authors: Horgan Denis , CILIBERTO Gennaro , Conte Pierfranco , CURIGLIANO Giuseppe , Seijo Luis , Montuenga Luis M. , Paz-Ares Luis , Garassino Marina Chiara , Frederique Penault-Llorca , GALLI Fabrizia , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Querleu Denis , Baldwin David R. , Banerjee Susana , Riegman Peter H.J. , Kerr Keith , Horbach Benjamin , Büttner Reinhard , Van Poppel Hendrik , Bjartell Anders , Codacci-Pisanelli Giovanni , Christoph Benedikt Westphalen , CALVO Fabien , Koeva-Balabanova Jasmina , Hall Stephen , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Kalra Dipak. , Cobbaert Christa M. , Varea Mendez Rocio , Maravic Zorana , Fotaki Vassiliki , Bennouna Jaafar , Cauchin Estelle , Malats Núria , Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Gannon Benjamin , Mastris Ken , Benini Chiara , Gallagher William M. , Buglioni Simonetta , Kent Alastair , Munzone Elisabetta , Belina Ivica , van Meerbeeck Jan P. , Duffy Michael Joe , Sarnowska Elzbieta. , Jagielska Beata , Mee Sarah , Capoluongo Ettore Domenico
Published: August 2020

Rapid and continuing advances in biomarker testing are not being matched by take-up in health systems, and this is hampering both patient care and innovation. It also risks costing health systems the opportunity to make their services more efficient and, over time, more economical. The potential that genomics has brought to biomarker testing in diagnosis, prediction and research is being realised, pre-eminently in many cancers, but also in an ever-wider range of conditions. One of the paradigmatic examples is BRCA1/2 testing in ovarian, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Nevertheless, development is impeded by data deficiencies, and lack of policy alignment on standards, approval – and the role of real-world evidence in the process - and reimbursement. The acute nature of the problem is compellingly illustrated by the particular challenges facing the development and use of tumour agnostic therapies, where the gaps in preparedness for taking advantage of this innovative approach to cancer therapy are sharply exposed. Europe should already have in place a guarantee of universal access to a minimum suite of biomarker tests and should be planning for an optimum testing scenario with a wider range of biomarker tests integrated into a more sophisticated health system articulated around personalised medicine. Improving healthcare and winning advantages for Europe's industrial competitiveness and innovation require an appropriate policy framework – starting with an update to outdated recommendations.
A Comprehensive Review on Inherited Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Their Syndromes
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Anwer Bukhari Shazia , Tahir Muhammad , Ali Shehbaz
Published: August 2020

Hearing impairment is an immensely diagnosed genetic cause, 5% of the total world population effects with different kind of congenital hearing loss (HL). In third-world countries or countries where consanguineous marriages are more common the frequency rate of genetic disorders are at its zenith. Approximately, the incidence of hearing afflictions is ostensibly 7-8:1000 individuals whereas it is estimated that about 466 million peoples suffer with significant HL, and of theses deaf cases 34 million are children’s up to March, 2020. Several genes and colossal numbers of pathogenic variants cause hearing impairment, which aided in next-generation with recessive, dominant or X-linked inheritance traits. This review highlights on syndromic and non-syndromic HL (SHL and NSHL), and categorized as conductive, sensorineural and mixed HL, which having autosomal dominant and recessive, and X-linked or mitochondrial mode of inheritance. Many hundred genes involved in HL are reported, and their mutation spectrum becomes very wide. Mapping of pathogenic genes in consanguinity family is facilitated to understand the disease history. Review presents the bases of HL and also focused on various genetic factors that cause deafness like the basics of genetic inheritance, and classic and well-characterized inherited factors of it. It also overviews the application of linkage analysis, SNPs genotyping and whole exome sequencing methods, in mapping and identification of new locus, causative genes and their variants in families inherited with HL. Conclusively, this review supports researchers in understanding the location of chromosome, the causative genes and specific locus which causing deafness in humans.
Development and Validation of A Rapid Lateral Flow E1/E2-Antigen Test and ELISA in Patients Infected with Emerging Asian Strain of Chikungunya Virus in The Americas
Authors: Reddy Ankita , Bosch Irene , Salcedo Nol , Herrera Bobby Brooke , de Puig Helena , Narváez Carlos , Maria Caicedo-Borrero Diana , Lorenzana Ivette , Parham Leda , García Kimberly , Mercado Marcela , Maria Rico Turca Angélica , Villar-Centeno Luis , Gélvez-Ramirez Margarita , Andrea Gómez Rios Natalia , Hiley Megan , García Dawlyn , Diamond Michael , Gehrke Lee
Published: August 2020

Since its 2013 emergence in the Americas, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has posed a serious threat to public health. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease, though currently lacking in clinics, is integral to enable timely care and epidemiological response. We developed a dual detection system: a CHIKV antigen E1/E2-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral flow test using high-affinity anti-CHIKV antibodies. The ELISA was validated with 100 PCR-tested acute Chikungunya fever samples from Honduras. The assay had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 51% and 96.67%, respectively, with accuracy reaching 95.45% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity at a Ct cutoff of 22. As the Ct value increased from 22, ELISA sensitivity decreased. We then developed and validated two lateral flow tests using independent antibody pairs. The sensitivity and specificity reached 100% for both lateral flow tests using 39 samples from Colombia and Honduras at Ct cutoffs of 20 and 27, respectively. For both lateral flow tests, sensitivity decreased as the Ct increased after 27. Because CHIKV E1/E2 are exposed in the virion surfaces in serum during the acute infection phase, these sensitive and specific assays demonstrate opportunities for early detection of this emerging human pathogen.
Numerical Solution of Euler's Rotation Equations for a Rigid Body about a Fixed Point
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: August 2020

Finding a solution for Euler's equations is a classic mechanics problem. This study revisits the problem with numerical approaches. For ease of teaching and research, a Maple code comprising 2 lines is written to find a numerical solution for the problem. The study's results are validated by comparing these with previous studies. Our results confirm the correctness of the principle of maximum moment of inertia of the rotating body, which is verified by thermodynamics. As an essential part of this study, the Maple code is provided.
Trend and Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among The Military Population – A Systematic Review
Authors: Omar Azizan , Leong Hui Ling , Moy Foong Ming
Published: August 2020

Prevalence of overweight and obesity are escalating globally among the general population. However, there are limited evidence on the trends and prevalence of overweight /obesity in the military setting. Increased rates of injuries, low work productivity, incurred higher healthcare costs and prematurely discharge from service are consequences of overweight/obesity among the military. Therefore, we aimed to systematically describe the trends and prevalence of overweight and obesity in the military population, by regions and military service branches. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used. Inclusion criteria were military population (inclusive of all service branches) with BMI reported as the overweight/obesity indicator. Population related to military but not exclusively military personnel such as the retirees, the veterans and their dependents were excluded. From the 27 included studies, 13 were published between year 2010 to 2014 and half were conducted in the United States. Overall, studies showed increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight (30% to 50%) and obesity (2% to 30%); only one study showed a decreasing trend of 0.9% and 0.6% for the prevalence of overweight and obesity respectively. However, the rates of increment differed between countries, where Asian countries demonstrated lower overweight prevalence compared to the United States and the European countries. In conclusion, the military population is not protected from overweight and obesity. Interventions should be implemented to prevent overweight / obesity among the military personnel.
Complementary Approaches to Understand Anthelmintic Resistance Using Free-Living and Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Wit Janneke , Dilks Clayton , Andersen Erik
Published: August 2020

Parasitic nematode infections impact human and animal health globally, especially in the developing world. Anthelmintic drugs are the major line of defense against these infections, but the arsenal is limited. Additionally, anthelmintic resistance is widespread in veterinary parasites and an emerging threat in human parasites. Discoveries of the mode of action of these drugs and mechanisms of resistance have predominantly come from studies of a related non-parasitic nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, and the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Here, we discuss recent progress understanding anthelmintic resistance using these two species and how that progress relates to laboratory and field-based studies of veterinary helminths. We present a powerful approach enabled by the strengths of both nematode species to understand mechanisms of resistance and modes of action of anthelmintic drugs.
Indoor PM10 Upregulates Pro-inflammatory Mediators in Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: zhang Chongxu , Asif Huda , Calcagno Tess M , Kumar Naresh , Fregien Nevis L , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: August 2020

Indoor dusts are collectively formed from anthropogenic and atmospheric activities. Particle matter 10 (PM10) is inhalable and causes significant inflammation by interaction with the pulmonary epithelial barrier. The mediators involved in bronchial epithelial cells response to dust are remined unknown. The air-liquid interface of our lung on chip model was exposed to indoor dust collected from highly polluted houses in Delhi, India. The media were collected after 4 days and cytokine levels were measured. We found that the concentration of IFN, IFNγ, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL1b, TNFa, and Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were significantly increased after exposure to indoor dust. IFN type I pathways were a major response from dust exposure. Further investigation is needed to determine the mechanism of action and targets of dust in bronchial epithelial cells.
Next-Generation Multimodality of Nanomedicine Therapy: Folic Acid Conjugated Copolymer and Folate Receptor Interactions Disrupt Receptor Functionality Resulting in Dual Therapeutic Anti-Cancer Potential in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: DeCarlo Alexandria , Malardier-Jugroot Cecile , R Szewczuk Myron
Published: August 2020

The development of a highly specific drug delivery system (DDS) for anti-cancer therapeutics is an area of intense research focus. Chemical engineering of a “smart” DDS to specifically target tumor cells has gained interest, designed for safer, more efficient, and effective use of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer. However, the selective targeting and choosing the critical cancer surface biomarker are essential for targeted treatments to work. The folic acid receptor alpha (FRalpha) has gained popularity as a potential target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We have previously reported on a functionalized folic acid (FA)-conjugated amphiphilic alternating copolymer poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (FA-DABA-SMA) via a biodegradable linker 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA) that has the essential features for efficient “smart” DDS. This biocompatible DDS self-assembles in a pH-dependent manner, providing stimuli-responsive, active targeting, extended-release of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents, and can effectively penetrate the inner core of 3-dimensional cancer spheroid models. The empty FA-DABA-SMA decreased spheroid volume, revealing a previously unknown mechanism of action. Upon further investigation, a size- and shape-dependent interaction FA-DABA-SMA with FR reduced the expression of p53, the product of the highly mutated TP53 gene, and additional oncogenic c-Myc and STAT3 proteins. Here, we investigated how this copolymer influences FR behavior and disrupting the receptor’s functions. Results indicate that FA-DABA-SMA increases FR expression levels in breast MDA MB-231 cancer cells and disrupting FR signaling by the reduction in HES1 and NOTCH1 protein expression levels. Also, FA-DABA-SMA induces apoptosis and further causes a change in the morphology of the MDA MB-231 cells, as well as significantly reduces their ability to migrate in a Scratch wound assay. Collectively, these findings provide a novel insight into the functionalized FA-DABA-SMA copolymer. The 350 kDa and 20 kDa copolymers actively target FRα to initialize internationalization. However, only the large size and sheet-shaped 350 kDa copolymers disrupt FRα signaling. The significance of these novel findings reveals the intracellular activity of the copolymer that is critically dependent on the size and structural shape. This report offers novel therapeutic insight into a dual mechanism of FA-DABA-SMA copolymer for its therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer.
Psuedo-Scalar Current and Weak Type Interaction in Fourth Generation Quarks Models
Authors: Verma Aayush
Published: August 2020

In this note, the toy-model of Fourth Generation quarks coupling to Standard Model particles through unknown Lagrangian has been figured. Eventually producing a 103 TeV vector gauge boson, which is a special gauge boson that appears in unification models and here as a mediator for WeakSM4 interaction. Another anomaly of different gauge boson has been reported.
An Investigation of Three-finger Toxin – nAChR Interactions through Rosetta Protein Docking
Authors: Gulsevin Alican , Meiler Jens
Published: August 2020

Three finger toxins (3FTX) are a group of peptides that affect multiple receptor types. One group of proteins affected by 3FTX are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Structural information on how neurotoxins interact with nAChR is limited and are confined to a small group of neurotoxins. Therefore, in silico methods are valuable in understanding the interactions between 3FTX and different nAChR subtypes, but there are no established protocols to model 3FTX – nAChR interactions. We developed a homology modeling and protein docking protocol to address this issue and tested its success on three different systems. First, neurotoxin peptides co-crystallized with acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) were re-docked to assess whether Rosetta protein – protein docking can reproduce the native poses. Second, experimental data on peptide binding to AChBP was used to test whether the docking protocol can qualitatively distinguish AChBP-binders from non-binders. Finally, we docked eight peptides with known α7 and muscle-type nAChR binding properties to test whether the protocol can explain the differential activities of the peptides at the two receptor subtypes. Overall, our docking protocol succeeded in predicting both qualitative and specific aspects of 3FTX binding to nAChR and shed light on some unknown aspects of 3FTX binding to different receptor subtypes.
M Mode Ultrasound and Tissue Doppler Imaging to Assess Diaphragm Function in Late Onset Pompe Disease
Authors: Meng Paris , Ogna Adam , Fayssoil Abdallah
Published: August 2020

Late onset Pompe disease is a recessive lysosomal storage disease. Clinical features include skeletal muscles deficiency and diaphragm weakness. Clinical management relies on supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation in patents with chronic respiratory failure. M mode ultrasound and tissue Doppler imaging can be used to assess and to follow up diaphragm function.
Data Science in Unveiling COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Diagnosis: Evolutionary Origin to Drug Repurposing
Authors: Das Jayanta Kumar , Tradigo Giuseppe , Veltri Pierangelo , Guzzi Pietro H , Roy Swarup
Published: August 2020

The outbreak of novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2 ) disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan has attracted worldwide attention. SARS-COV-2 known to share a similar clinical manifestation that includes various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficulty, and in particular, SARS-COV-2 also causes a severe in ammation state that leads to death. Consequently, massive and rapid research growth has been observed across the globe to elucidate the mechanisms of infections and disease progression in genotype and phenotype scale. Data Science is playing a pivotal role in in-silico analysis to draw hidden and novel insights about the SARS-COV-2 origin, pathogenesis, COVID-19 outbreak forecasting, medical diagnosis, and drug discovery. With the availability of multi-omics, radiological, biomolecular, and medical data urges to develop novel exploratory and predictive models or customise exiting learning models to t the current problem domain. The presence of many approaches generates the need for the systematic surveys to guide both data scientists and medical practitioners. We perform an elaborate study on the state-of-the-art data science method ologies in action to tackle the current pandemic scenario. We consider various active COVID-19 data analytics domains such as phylogeny analysis, SARS-COV-2 genome identication, protein structure prediction, host-viral protein interactomics, clinical imaging, epidemiological analysis, and most importantly (existing) drug discovery. We highlight types of data, their generation pipeline, and the data science models in use. We believe that the current study will give a detailed sketch of the road map towards handling COVID-19 like situation by leveraging data science in the future. We summarise our review focusing on prime challenges and possible future research directions .