bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promising Screw Piles Designs for Construction on Permafrost Soils
Authors: Popov S N , Burenina O N
Published: March 2021

Promising designs of screw piles with improved technical characteristics have been developed, which reduce risk of buckling from soil as a result of influence of tangential forces of frost heave, reduce energy consumption when screwing piles into the soil, and also simplify designs and manufacturing techniques of blades. Usage of cryophobic coatings applied to trunk part placed in the active soil layer is proposed to reduce bulging of piles. Applying anti-friction coatings to the blades, as well as usage of greases filling slots at their edges is proposed to reduce friction when tightening. Strengthening adhesive interaction between pile and soil below active layer can be achieved by applying cryophilic coatings and freezing water in gap between pile shaft and soil. Simplification of pile design is assumed by replacing screw blades with segmented or cable blades.
Modification of Cement Composite Material for Additive Construction Technologies
Authors: Sharanova A V , Dmitrieva M A , Kogai V V
Published: March 2021

This work discusses the development of concrete mix compositions using modifying additives, the study of the rheological and strength properties of compositions for construction 3D printing. Cellulose ether (CE), calcium formate (CF), and redispersible polymer powder (RPP) were studied as modifying additives at different percentages by weight of cement. Compression strength tests have shown the most promising compositions for their further study for rheological parameters. The best strength indicators in the early and late periods of hardening were shown by the composition with the introduction of 2% RPP and the composition with 2% CF. The composition with 2% RPP has an increased density and viscosity and relatively low flowability, and also has a shortened setting time, which makes the use of an RPP additive effective for additive construction methods.
Innovative Pressure Control System for Metallurgical Enterprises
Authors: Bashmur K A , Petrovsky E A , Popova V A , Terasmes K S
Published: March 2021

The present study considers an innovative pressure control system for improving reliability of a hydraulic descaling plant. The pressure control system is based on a metal bellows hydraulic accumulator capable of withstanding high pressures. System installation diagram in the hydraulic descaling plant is shown. Design of the hydraulic accumulator is shown. This design allows effective pressure control in the whole plant due to its features of effective forces distribution on additional elastomerics. The materials that can be used to create elastomerics taking into account the peculiarities of metallurgical shops are shown. Dependencies are obtained which show possibility of reducing stiffness of the metal bellows unit when using additional elastomerics. This reduces the cost of the pressure control system by using the metal bellows unit materials with less stiffness.
Energy Ratios in Rheological Models
Authors: Shishkin E A , Ivanchenko S N
Published: March 2021

The article considers the energy aspect of compaction process of an asphalt concrete mixture with a smooth drum. The ratios between the compaction work and the material stress-strain state were obtained using the simplest rheological models example. To study the asphalt concrete mixture compaction process, a complex rheological model was adopted. Taking into account the obtained ratios for the simplest rheological bodies, an expression was obtained to determine the compaction specific work of an asphalt concrete mixture with a smooth drum. In the course of the compaction energy analysis, it was found that the compaction work is equal to the sum of irreversible losses for viscous and plastic deformation and the energy required to perform an elastic aftereffect.
Climate Tests of Composites Based on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene and Carbon Fibers
Authors: Gogoleva O V , Kolesova E S , Petrova P N
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of climate tests of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and a polymer composite material based on it. It is shown that the initial ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and a composite based on it undergo aging by the sixth month of exposure in the sharply continental climate of Yakutia. It has been established that ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and composites based on it must be modified not only with reinforcing fillers to increase physical-mechanical and tribotechnical parameters, but also with technological fillers that first of all, prevent the development of destructive-oxidative processes during operation in a sharply continental climate.
Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Based On Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Isakova T A , Petrova P N
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of deformation and strength studies of polymer composite materials based on modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The modified polymer matrix consists of 10 % activated polytetrafluoroethylene and 90 % initial polymer. The fillers are magnesium aluminate spinel (MAS) and carbon material Sibunit. It has been found that the addition of 10 wt. % of activated PTFE to PTFE results in increased tensile strength and elongation at rupture by 20-35%. Deformation and strength characteristics of polymer composites based on modified polymer matrix are 10-30% higher. Perspective of using modified fluoroplastic matrix for obtaining filled composites with improved deformation and strength properties is shown.
The Influence of Wave Resonance Phenomena on the Sound Insulation of a Single-layer Building Partition in the Application of Calculation Models with the Concentrated Parameters
Authors: Zakharov A V , Saltykov I P
Published: March 2021

The article presents calculation formulas for calculating sound insulation before and after the frequency of wave coincidence, obtained through the joint solution of the equations of the momentum conservation law and kinetic energy conservation. The process of occurrence of wave interference phenomena in a construction partition, due to the movement of waves traveling along it and reflected from its anchoring nodes, is described. Formulas for corrections to sound insulation for resonances are given. A formula for finding the reflection coefficient of the oscillation velocity using the basic provisions of the method of concentrated parameters is obtained. A special case of determining the reflection coefficient of the oscillation velocity in a single-layer partition with a cruciform hinge joint in a panel building is considered. Formulas for computation of reflection coefficient of the oscillation velocity are written. As an example, frequency characteristics of two panel inter-apartment walls in buildings of standard series are found. Sound insulation graphs are constructed according to the applied method and the method of the Russian code of rules, and comparison with experimental measurements is provided.
Comprehensive Assessment of Quality of Technological Processes in Construction
Authors: Bekirova O N , Polovinkina A I , Trifonova M S
Published: March 2021

A technique is proposed for determining a comprehensive indicator of the quality of technological processes in construction. The implementation of the methodology is considered on the example of the process of excavation at the site, using statistical methods of product quality control and data analysis of acceptance control of work.
Energy-Saving Regimes Examination During New Generation Building Structures Insolation
Authors: Shchukina T V , Sheps R F , Seryogina Y S
Published: March 2021

The problem of energy saving is extremely important for Russia. It is necessary to study alternative energy sources, as well as to improve devices and methods for ensuring the microclimate of buildings, heat and cold supply. The authors consider the improvement of geothermal heat pumps. The article suggests using geothermal heat pumps to provide not only heat supply to buildings, but also cold supply. Two schemes of operation of a heat pump installation are considered. The first scheme is a combined geothermal heat pump unit with a direct evaporation heat exchanger and cold and hot water supply circuits. The second scheme is a combined geothermal heat pump installation with a direct evaporation heat exchanger and the maintenance of equipment for cold supply, hot water supply and heating. A comparison of various refrigerants is given. Technical and exergic characteristics of vapor compression cycles are considered. It is proved that the efficiency of soil heat utilization processes increases with the expansion of energy supply functions for structures.
Modification of the Material Structure Produced by the Electron-Beam Additive Manufacturing by the Subsequent Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Gusarova A V , Knyazhev E O , Chumaevskii A V , Panfilov A O , Kalashnikova T A , Kalashnikov K N , Osipovich K S
Published: March 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the formation of large blocks from aluminum alloy AA5056 by electron-beam additive technology with subsequent friction stir processing of the material. Conducted studies of the sample structure show that during the processing of additively produced samples there is a refinement of the material grain structure in the stir zone with the removal of defects such as pores and small discontinuities. Large defects of the additively produced material can be eliminated by the friction stir processing only partially, with the formation of defects such as the Lazy “S” or the joint line one in the stir zone.
Mechanical Properties and Deformation Features of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber with Protective Coating from Ultra High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Shadrinov N V , Sokolova M D , Dyakonov A A
Published: March 2021

The influence of the duration of the rubber preliminary vulcanization on the physicomechanical properties, wear resistance and hardness of nitrile butadiene rubber with a thin protective coating from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene are studied. The optimal duration of the preliminary vulcanization of the rubber providing high adhesive interaction between the rubber and the coating was established. High adhesive interaction leads to an increase in abrasion resistance while maintaining the physical and mechanical properties of the original rubber. Structural rearrangements under uniaxial tension of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene coated on a rubber surface were visualized using atomic force microscopy. The formation of ordered fibrils on the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene after 30% elongation is shown.
Retrospective Development of the Central Part of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory
Authors: Nishchimnykh Iu A , Garnaga A F
Published: March 2021

The strategy for updating the architectural environment of the city, proposed as part of the long-term integrated development program of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, sets the task of renovating public spaces. The need to reorganize the territory of the city center makes the question of studying the history of the development of the area relevant. The article is considered the detailed planning projects for the central part of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur in 1970-1980, which were not implemented for a number of reasons. Analysis of archival sources allows us to understand the significance of this territory, assess the potential for its use, and make conclusions about the specifics of possible construction.
Waste-free Processing of a Mammoth Tusk of Various Sorts by 3D Technologies and Polymer Material Science
Authors: Kolesova E S , Markova M A , Chirikov A A , Petrov V V , Petukhova E S
Published: March 2021

The main reasons for the deterioration of the mammoth tusk quality as a raw material are considered and reduce these deteriorations are indicated. Creation of highly filled composite materials based on an epoxy binder for possible use of tusk jewelry processing waste is proposed. Using the 3D modeling technologies and milling equipment with computer numerical control to create a mass production of products from low-grade bone materials and polymer composite materials is proposed.
Technological Soil Mechanics in Underground Construction
Authors: Ilyichev V A , Nikiforova N S , Konnov A V
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the application of the technological soil mechanics principles in the design and construction of underground structures, also in problematic soils – loose water-saturated sands. The definition of technological soil mechanics is given. The relevance of the research topic is justified. A quantitative assessment of the stress strain behavior (SSB) of the soil mass containing the support systems of deep pits, depending on the technology and sequence of work during underground construction, was made. The possibility of the SSB of ground mass managing during underground construction in order to select the most economical options for design and technological solutions is proved. Recommendations for SSB management of underground parts of buildings and structures, as well as the surrounding soil mass, based on the technological soil mechanics application are formulated.
Semantic Aspects that Determine the Nature of the Architectural and Planning Decisions of the New Administrative and Business Center of Tyumen
Authors: Ivanova O A
Published: March 2021

The article considers semantic aspects that contribute to the formation of an expressive architectural and planning environment of a new administrative and business center in the city of Tyumen. The analysis of examples of foreign and domestic practice, demonstrating the formation of a new administrative and business center with a certain semantics of the architectural image, reveals the semantic and spatial planning features of administrative and business centers in Berlin, Brussels, Nur-Sultan, and Moscow. The authors identify the reasons, regularities and conditions that determine the semantic content of the image of the architectural environment of new administrative and business centers. Based on the identified patterns, a variant of the semantic framework model of the architectural and planning environment of the new administrative and business center of Tyumen is proposed.
Identification and Assessment of Zones with Interfacial Partially Healed Cracks Using Lamb Waves Dispersion
Authors: Dudchenko A V
Published: March 2021

Requirements of modern technics and technology resulted in development of composite materials that provides higher target properties than individual materials. Then, self-healing technology was proposed to increase the durability of such materials. This technology can be applied to various material types, for instance to cementitious one like concrete and mortar as well as multilayer laminar composites. In the both cases one of the most important issue is to estimate the degree of healing as well as the change in the material mechanical and physical properties like strength, stiffness, permeability, etc. during healing process. Various methods are possible to implement for such assessment including non-destructive ways of evaluation. In the present work ultrasonic diagnostics involving Lamb waves is considered and evaluated to show its applicability for practical testing of multilayer composites. The method is based on Six-dimensional Cauchy formalism developed earlier.
Modeling the Construction Stages of Large Span Spatial Unique Buildings of Complex Geometry
Authors: Razzokov N S
Published: March 2021

The results of experimental-theoretical studies of precast-monolithic reinforced concrete shells of complex geometry, assembled from enlarged elements at the assembly stage, are presented. The studies were carried out on full-scale composite shells 116 m, 96x88, 48x48 m and 18x36 m, its enlarged elements 3x18 m and 3x24 m, as well as on a shell model at a scale of 1:15, 1:10 and 1:4. The stress-strain state of composite shells was investigated for different versions of mounting and uncoiling. Recommendations are given on rational methods of erection and incineration of shells from enlarged elements for public buildings.
Acoustic Safety of the Living Environment
Authors: Sankov P N , Hilov V V , Gvadzhaia B Dz , Makarova V N
Published: March 2021

Living in the city is affected by numerous factors, the action of which can cause harm to the human health. One of them is a noise pollution of the living environment by road transport. On the streets with intense traffic, noise levels often exceed the permissible values for the living environment. Various measures can be applied to reduce noise in residential areas, which will promote the extension of the period of active human activity, improve living conditions and increase in life expectancy. One of the most effective noise protection measures (especially in multi-storey buildings) is the use of windows with high soundproofing. There were conducted the studies of noise pollution of residential areas in Dnipro (Dnipropetrovsk). Experimental investigations were performed according to standard methods using modern acoustic measuring instruments. When obtaining data and processing the results there were used a special computer program to build noise maps in 3D (developed in Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture) and methods of mathematical statistics. As a result of the research, a nomograph was constructed to determine the category of windows on different facades for different floors of the building. The nomograph enables to reasonably and quickly decide on the need to use windows with high soundproofing.
Features of Aerosols Solid Particles Movement with Various Densities inside Ventilated Airspace of the Cladding Façade Systems
Authors: Umnyakova N
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of a study of aerosols solid particles movement inside ventilated air space of the ventilation facade. Particles of pollutants in the form of solid aerosol particles penetrate inside the air space of the ventilated façade. In the scientific literature, studies of settling processes (downward movement) of pollutant particles are given. However, the patterns of their movement inside the ventilated facades structure have not been studied thoroughly. The calculation method proposed by the author makes it possible to establish the speed of aerosol solid particles movement inside the ventilated air space of the ventilation facade and establish whether the particles will move upward together with the air flow or will settle on the structural elements of the ventilation facade facing the ventilated air space, taking into account the air flow rate and its temperature, and the size and density of aerosol contaminants.
Nonsteady Heat Loses to the Ground from a Building with Heated Underground Floor or Slab on Ground
Authors: Levin E , Okunev A
Published: March 2021

Numerical model and research results of nonsteady heat transfer between building and ground basement are in the article. Two most common cases of heat contact between building and ground basement are compared: building with heated underground floor and building on the slab on ground. Nonsteady heat loses over period about several years of building exploitation are analyzed that made possible to establish a patterns of heat transfer between building and ground with taking into account of ground around of building inertness. Heat loses from building represented using mean values at the one unit of length of building perimeter. In case of building with underground floor calculated nonsteady heat loses of floor and underground wall are shown. Also shown results of nonsteady heat transfer to ground from outdoor air and groundwater. Numerical methodic used in research based on explicit finite-difference method applicated to boundary value problem of nonsteady heat transfer in ground. The problem taking into account existence of moveable groundwater without heat transfer calculation in the volume of groundwater.
Socio-Cultural Aspect of Design and Construction of Modern Orthodox Churches
Authors: Pallotta V I , Vasilenko E V , Vasilenko P G
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the aspects of socio-cultural design and construction of modern churches in Russia. Today, for many residents of our country, religion is a freely manifested spiritual, moral and regulatory framework that regulates the way society acts. Most of the residents consider themselves to be of various faiths. The professional community continues to discuss the problems of searching for a new image of a modern Church and the hereditary development of the system of objects of the Orthodox Church. Since design as a field of professional activity always projects through a specific type of consumer and features of production, it is possible to look at the problem in several planes. Thus, the socio-cultural aspect of the design and construction of Orthodox churches in modern Russia, conferences and seminars held in the capital and regions reflect the historical approach. In the historical approach to the Church building, the issues of its relation to traditions and historical models are discussed, without an active attitude to the social environment. The theological approach focuses on the spiritual dimension of Church activity. Creative activities related to the design and construction of Orthodox religious sites that solve the problems of spatial approach. The spatial characteristics of the Church building and its surroundings are Central. Architects, designers and planners solve the problem of integrating Orthodox aesthetics into the urban environment.
National Aspects in the Solution of the Project Activity of Modern Design in the Russian Style
Authors: Vasilenko E V , Vasilenko P G , Fursov A I
Published: March 2021

The article considers the influence of traditional Russian culture on the development of modern design. Based on the experience of the multinational culture of Russia, in the absence of a dialogue of cultures there are problems affecting the search for new solutions related to the cultural and historical past of Russia. Understanding the historical experience of past generations is of great interest and relevant not only from the point of view of preserving the existing traditions of artistic culture, but also the development of modern interior, based on the experience and work of Russian artists engaged in interior design, furniture, costume, etc. The novelty of the research lies in the application of the historical experience of past generations, in the development of design, taking into account the peculiarities of regional and Russian national culture as a whole. Using the research methods, the article analyzes the relationship of traditional folk culture and design, examines the national aspects in the decision of the project activity of modern design and the impact on the development of culture. It should be noted that the modern designer is able to retreat from the use of such familiar artificial materials and move to the lost connection between man and nature, using environmental materials, while maintaining a link with national history and culture. This problem field is determined not only by the narrowness and limitations of the future designer, but also a thorough, indecisive search and development of new style principles in the development of the interior.
The Concepts of Historical Costume Reenactment
Authors: Fudimova E
Published: March 2021

Historical costume reenactment is one of the most effective methods for studying and reproducing a fragmentary field of human activity in the past and it is done in many ways and forms. Up to date a unified system of all the variety of methods and practical approaches to study and classify forms, typologies, materials, manufacturing techniques of the costumes has not been created. The article describes the concepts and analyses systematic approaches which allow to aggregate data of interdisciplinary researches according to unique features of the reenactment event, the form of museum exhibiting and by parameters of the archaeological experiment. The results of this study can be used in scientific and design activities of specialists engaged in the field of museums exhibitions, amateur reenacting and the event industry.
The Past and Future of the Architecture of the Silk-Weaving Factories of Pavlovsky Posad
Authors: Malaya E V
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of renovation and architectural history of silk-weaving enterprises in Pavlovsky Posad, a thorny path of factory development. Formation and development of the architecture of industrial enterprises, from a peasant hut with a loom and a village manufactory to modern enterprises with highly developed production. The process of origin of the red-brick direction in the architecture of industrial enterprises is considered. The author emphasizes the city-forming role of old enterprises and ways to adapt to the modern conditions of urban life. It demonstrates the possibility of developing existing silk-weaving enterprises, which has a positive impact on the living standards of the population and the economic independence of historical cities. Proposals for the reconstruction of the architecture of weaving enterprises, improvement of territories and proposals for the renovation of adjacent territories are presented. Renovation of silk-weaving enterprises, monuments of industrial heritage, has a significant impact on the development of architecture, urban planning, the city and its infrastructure, cultural and educational activities. Possible examples of reconstruction of enterprises are given.
The Use of Cold Recycling Technology to Increase the Resistance of Pavements to Rutting
Authors: Aleksandrov A S , Zaev A A , Kurmanov D H
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to develop the construction of pavement with increased resistance to rutting, arranged during the repair of existing asphalt concrete pavements by cold recycling. It was established that the location of the ruts on the roadway is due to the distribution of the driveways of wheels of transport along the width of the lanes. Constructions of pavement with unequal strength along the width of the lane are proposed. Such constructions are arranged during the repair of pavement by milling asphalt concrete at the locations of the ruts by their width (90-100) cm and mixing the asphalt granulate with cement using cold recycling technology. The resulting mixture is placed in pits obtained by milling ruts, and compacted. As a result, two parallel strips of new monolithic material are obtained on the surface of the repaired coating within each lane. A new leveling or structural layer of asphalt mix is arranged on the existing coating with repaired ruts. During the exploitation of such pavement, hidden elements are hidden from the driver. Therefore, the nature of the distribution of passages along the width of the carriageway remains the same, but sections of the base located under the places of formation the rut under the new coating are made of durable, slightly deformable material.
Composition and Chemical State of Nanopowder Particles Obtained by Grinding Natural Diamond and by Detonation Synthesis
Authors: Sharin P P , Sivtseva A V , Popov V I
Published: March 2021

The initial composition and chemical state of primary particles of nanopowders obtained by grinding natural diamond and detonation synthesis have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that the primary particles of both nanopowders contain mainly carbon and oxygen atoms. Signals from nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, and metal atoms do not exceed the noise level in the photoelectron spectrum. It has been found that in the primary particles of detonation synthesis nanopowder and nanopowder obtained by grinding natural diamond, the proportion of carbon atoms is ~ 46.5 and ~ 67.8% in the sp1-hybridization state, ~ 26.8 and ~ 17.4% in sp2 – hybridization, and ~ 26.7 and ~ 14.7%, respectively, in the composition of oxygen-containing functional groups.
Influence of Carbon Primary Nano Materials in Polymer Modified Binders on the Temperature Sensitivity of Asphalt Concrete During Operation
Authors: Shekhovtsova S Yu , Vysotskaya M A
Published: March 2021

The influence of the content of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the basic physical and mechanical properties of polymer-bitumen binders is studied. The effect of nanomodifiers on the morphostructural features of polymer-bitumen binders was studied using optical methods and fluorescence microscopy. The rational content of the modifying additive (0.0001 %) in the composition of the binder, which ensures the achievement of the specified parameters, is established. The influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes on morphostructural features is established. the nanomodifier initiates the processes of structuring interfacial layers, which leads to strengthening of physical bonds between the polymer macromolecules and the dispersed phase of the organic binder, which naturally affects the improvement of heat resistance, adhesive and cohesive strength of the binder. The study of polymer-bituminous binder films allowed us to record that when the nanomodifier is introduced, the polymer macromolecules decrease and their distribution over the binder volume is more uniform, which ensures its stability. It was found that the introduction of a rational amount of nanomodifier allows you to expand the required temperature range of asphalt concrete pavement performance by 25-34 %, while reducing the polymer content by 38 %.
Assessment of Seismic Resistance of Islamic Architecture Monuments on the Example of the Great Mosque of Aleppo taking into account the Seismic Zoning of the Territory of Syria
Authors: Belash T A , Aldrebi Z A
Published: March 2021

The analysis of the seismicity of the territory of Syria shows high seismic activity, which in turn can affect the further existence of architectural monuments, most of which are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The article presents the results of a study of the seismic resistance of monuments of Islamic architecture on the example of the Great Mosque in the city of Aleppo, taking into account the seismic features of this territory. Deformations are determined and a comparison of displacements in the mosque due to seismic impact is made.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Air Pollution on Main Streets
Authors: Balakin V V
Published: March 2021

Following the continuous field studies, daily cyclograms have been obtained for carbon oxide concentration in the air, wind velocity, and traffic intensity on main streets of a big city. It was stated that the morning and evening maximums in the air pollution are determined by the quantity adjustment of the incoming exhausts, by temperature and aeration regimes in the street environment. The following factors influence the spatiotemporal change of the pollution level: direction of roads and streets, number of floors and density of buildings, planning and tree planting techniques. It is shown that during designing and exploitation of transportation infrastructure, leveling of daily “peaks” in the air pollution can be provided by optimum geometric parameters of the cross section of main streets of various categories, removal of the transit traffic to alternate routes as well as individual transportation restriction in city centers.
Determination of the Annual Energy Consumption by the Ventilation Systems of the Restaurant’s Kitchen
Authors: Malikova O
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of each of the methods used by engineers for calculating air exchange in a hot kitchen workshop on the energy consumption of ventilation systems. The calculation was carried out using six methods for determining the air flow rate removed by local kitchen hoods. For computer modeling of energy consumption, a probabilistic-statistical climate model and a universal PC program were used. which has been built according to the data of primary observations at the Moscow weather station for 30 years. The repeatability of combinations of the climate parameters is given for the cells with a 2 °C temperature step and a step of 5 % of the relative humidity. The content of the model represents a table of 19x37 cells.

Significant discrepancies in the results of calculating exhaust hoods using different methods determine the need for experimental research and the creation of a generalized method. The efficiency and economy of its operation depends on the choice of the method for calculating the exhaust hood. Since the polluted air removed by local kitchen hoods must be compensated for, the air handling unit is forced to clean and warm up huge volumes of air, which increases both the capital costs of equipment and operating costs for the consumption of electricity, heat/cold. The discrepancy in energy consumption by supply and exhaust ventilation units operating in a ranges: from 6 to 97 % for electricity, from 6 to 63 % for heat, from 14 to 30 % for cold.
Urbanism and Cultural Studies: Synergy of Methodological Approaches (on the Example of the City of Vladivostok)
Authors: Malinina N
Published: March 2021

The article examines the influence of cultural studies on urban studies and urban studies on cultural studies. The purpose of the research is to consider architectural problems of city development based on a cultural approach. This methodological approach shows the interdependence of urbanism and cultural studies and leads to a synergistic effect of city development. Hermeneutical methodology is used to analyze the behavioral attitudes of citizens, and the system methodology of urbanism allows to identify ensembles in architectural structures. The unity of the culturological and urban allows us to immerse the problem field of the city in the context of human existence. The material is architectural ensembles of the city of Vladivostok: Central streets, new buildings of the theater and aquarium, and plans for the construction of a theater and Museum complex. As a result, a new architectural element of the artistic image of the city appears. The necessity of ecology of the visual environment of the city is emphasized, including the upbringing of a citizen who takes care of the construction and architectural heritage and the environment. The architectural and artistic image of the city sets requirements for the development of the competence of citizens as people who are attracted to artistic processes. Educational institutions are included in this architectural and artistic image as an institution that forms a fully developed person. The architectural and artistic image of the city is intended to have a synergistic effect of development on the city.
Living in a High-Rise Apartment Building: Fears and Anxieties of Young People
Authors: Abramova S , Antonova N , Polyakova V
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the problem of high-rise construction of residential buildings in the context of the emergence of fears of living in them. The urban environment transforms human biological fears, while simultaneously creating conditions for the emergence of new contradictions that can generate urban fears. Living in multi-apartment high-rise buildings changes the space of social interactions with neighbors and affects human satisfaction. In 2020, we conducted a sociological study, the object of which was the young residents of Yekaterinburg (Russia). Based on the results of in-depth interviews (n = 10), the article argues that traditional (life-threatening) fears of life on a high floor remain in the minds of young people. However, at the same time, the experience of living on a high floor causes the emergence of new fears, which significantly expand the repertoire of youth fears: fear of using gas stoves, difficulties in selling, mistrust of housing developers, etc. In the context of the intensification of high-rise construction, the presented public opinion of the townspeople can act as a significant factor in the design of buildings and urban space.
Influence of Aggregate Type on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Eroshkina N A , Korovkin M O
Published: March 2021

The results of comparative studies of geopolymer concrete strength made with coarse aggregate based on granite, limestone, concrete scrap were given. It is found that the use of granite aggregate instead of limestone and concrete scrap reduces the strength flexural 2-2.5 times, as on impact - 2.5-3.5 times; the compressive strength decreases by 10-30%. It concluded that the main item that reduces the strength of the investigated geopolymer concrete when using granite aggregate, its low creep is observed, which, with high autogenous shrinkage of the geopolymer binder, leads to concrete cracking. The established features of the influence of the type of aggregate on the properties of concrete substantiate the use of crushed limestone and concrete scrap as a coarse aggregate of geopolymer concrete.
Method of Automated Research of Sound-Proofing Building Materials
Authors: Lemeshko M A , Kozhemjachenko A V , Merenkova N V
Published: March 2021

There is a problem of effective organization and conducting experimental research in special situations. In scientific research, it is not uncommon to perform long and time-consuming experiments, when one experiment takes a relatively long period of time, when a complete factor plan of experiments is needed. The article describes an approach to organizing and conducting experimental studies of building materials on an automated stand with software control. An example of a stand for studying the sound-proofing properties of flat samples of b The authors have shown that automation of the experimental research process increases the accuracy and reliability of research results; expands the boundaries of research and provides an opportunity for preliminary evaluation of primary results with further adjustment of the research plan.uilding sound-proofing materials is given.

The method under consideration can be the basis for various experimental studies on stands that perform research according to a given program.
Investigation into the Regularities of Hydrogen Fluoride Collection by the Developed Fibrous Ion-Exchange Material Under Dynamic and Static Conditions
Authors: Marinina O N , Burkhanova R A , Marinin N A
Published: March 2021

Tests of respirators made of the developed material were conducted under dynamic and static conditions. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics and design of experiments, the authors determined the following dependences: of the dynamic activity of ion-exchanger on the sorbent layer height, of the sorption rate of hydrogen fluoride on the sorption time, of the effective protection time on the height of the layer of the material under investigation. The analysis of the results showed that the given fibrous ion-exchange material can be used as a sorption-filtering element of a respirator to ensure the required efficiency of protection against hydrogen fluoride.
Possible Scheme of Turbulent Potential Flow Free Expansion Below the Non-Pressure Pipe
Authors: Kokhanenko V N , Burtseva O A , Alexandrova M S , Kondratenko A I
Published: March 2021

The paper substantiates a general scheme for solving two-dimensional free spreading problem in terms of open water potential flow below the non-pressure pipe. The first link. Since a uniform flow at its outlet from a rectangular pipe with its free spreading is coupled with a non-uniform flow of a general form, then, using a theorem from the general theory of two-dimensional in terms of turbulent water potential flows, the conclusion is given: since a straight-line characteristic is always the boundary between a uniform and non-uniform flow, then only a simple wave can directly adjoin the uniform flow area. Simple waves serve as a transitional form from the uniform flow to the general non-uniform flow. Therefore, it is not entirely correct to pose the free flow spreading boundary problem, trying to satisfy only the boundary conditions and obtain an analytical solution without taking into account the intermediate flow “simple wave”. The second important link in solving the problem is a general flow choice. And it can be selected from the intermediate flow condition found by the authors in the velocity hodograph plane. Let us call this flow the “type A flow”. “Type A flow” satisfies all the requirements of the flow spreading process function. When increasing, i.e. τ tends to 1, flow depth h tends to 0; velocity V tends to the maximum. The flow depth is greater on the symmetry axis than when moving along the equipotential to the flow free boundary. Using these two links, it is possible to apply a flow coupling scheme and solve the boundary problem of determining the entire spectrum of parameters for the potential flow spreading. The results obtained in this work can be used by the designers of hydraulic structures, which length is relatively short and where the flow resistance forces can be neglected.
Unique Objects of Industrial and Transport Architecture of Khabarovsk (Early 20th Century)
Authors: Bazilevich E M
Published: March 2021

Studied were the drawings of the students of the Architecture Department of Pacific National University, which depict the appearance of historical objects in the city of Khabarovsk. This article concerns itself with drawings depicting unique objects: the refrigerator of Count Ressegye and the old “tsar’s” bridge across the Amur River near the city of Khabarovsk, the history of which is little known outside the Far Eastern region. The article reveals new visual information about these objects of architecture.
Catalytic Carbon-Containing Composition for Phosphine Oxidation
Authors: Gosteva A N , Efremov S A , Nikolaev V G
Published: March 2021

Sorbent for removal of phosphine from furnace gas based on special coke from the Shubarkol field was investigated. The composition coke + CuO (10 wt.%) + ZnO (0.1 wt.%) + Cr2O3 (1 wt.%) showed a high sorption capacity for PH3 - about 130 mg / g for 24 h.
Modeling of Criteria of Reliability of Vibrating Platforms for Compaction of Construction Mixtures
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Delembovskyi M M , Voinash S A , Koloshein D V , Teterina I A
Published: March 2021

The main criteria of vibration reliability of vibration sites of the construction industry are considered. It is proposed that the simplest and most important measure of vibration stress is the maximum value of acceleration a(t), which was measured in absolute values, or in the dimensionless form of its attribution to the acceleration of gravity. One of the quality requirements is the maximum vibration acceleration, which at the points of the system does not exceed the maximum allowable values a(t). As the vibration stress is 10−3 m in the form of a vibration displacement of 20 m/s2, depending on the purpose of the elements of the vibrating machines, restrictions can be imposed on both absolute and relative displacements. Evaluate the magnitude of vibration stresses that occur in its elements, the strength of the system. The quality condition requires that the corresponding maximum stresses (in the case of a complex stress state – some maximum equivalent stresses) do not exceed the permissible values. Taken into account in the number of parameters of the quality of forces and moments occurring in the elements of the system, allows to calculate the bearing capacity of the elements. In any case, the vibration load over time leads to the failure of system elements, this is usually accompanied by the accumulation of relevant damage, so the most accurate approach to assessing the vibration reliability is based on consideration of the process of accumulation of damage.
Development of Methodology for Calculation of Discontinuous Circular Welds in Torsion
Authors: Belousov Yu V , Rekach F V , Shambina S L , Razin A D
Published: March 2021

The main criterion for the performance of welds is the strength. The least durable ones are the corner joints used to perform various types of welded joints. In the literature, the methods of calculating the strength of welded joints with solid welds are considered in sufficient details. Methods of calculation of connection interrupted sutures absent. In this case, the greatest difficulty is the calculation of connections using circular intermittent welds, which are often performed in welded drums and pulleys; they work on torsion. Therefore, the development of methods for calculating circular intermittent welds for torsion is quite important.

Shear stresses in welds from torque are determined depending on the value of the polar moment of resistance of its dangerous section. When determining the polar moment of resistance of the dangerous section of a circular discontinuous weld, it was represented by a set of sections in the form of a sector of a circular ring. The method of calculation of the polar moment of resistance of the rotated dangerous section of a circular discontinuous weld, which takes into account the relative length of the weld areas and their number, as well as the method of accurate and approximate calculation of shear stresses in the weld.
Variational Formulations of Flexible Ropes Dynamics Problems
Authors: Baenkhaev A V , Kuzovatkin I V
Published: March 2021

Variational statements of the problems of the dynamics of flexible ropes with significant displacements, the shape of which is determined by constraints and load, are obtained. The position of the flexible rope axis is described by a vector of Cartesian coordinates. The stress state of the rope is characterized by the force in the rope. At present, the methods of calculating the ropes systems are based on a differential formulation. Variational formulations of such problems are proposed.
Biostability of Facade Systems
Authors: Elchishcheva T F , Afonin V V , Erofeeva I V , Zaharova E A , Atmanzin A B
Published: March 2021

Protection of buildings and structures made of stone materials from biological corrosion is relevant for all groups of buildings, especially in wet and wet modes of operation of external enclosing structures and in conditions of pollution from industrial emissions. The presence of salts in raw materials, mixing water and technological additives to improve the properties of the mixture in the manufacture of building materials, masonry and plaster mortars causes the transfer of salts to the facades of buildings. Due to the hygroscopic effect, salts attract atmospheric moisture, and waterlogged material is a favorable environment for the development of spores of various types of filamentous fungi. The combined effect of salt and biological corrosion reduces the strength properties of materials. Destruction of paint and plaster layers disrupts the appearance of building facades. The study investigated the biological resistance of samples of facade plastering systems to the action of test cultures of filamentous fungi. The fungicidal and fungicidal properties of facade plastering systems of various compositions have been studied. The influence of different types of primer, filler and color on fungal resistance, fungicide and physical and mechanical properties of facade coatings was revealed. It was revealed that multilayer facade systems, consisting of materials with high vapor permeability, water-repellent properties and biostability, provide joint protection against salt exposure and the influence of biological pollution. The aesthetic qualities of the facade surface are ensured by decorative plastering or painting.
Difficulties in Modeling Natural Ventilation Systems on a PC
Authors: Biryukov S V
Published: March 2021

The article describes the equations, methods and difficulties in calculating the local resistance coefficients of T-fittings during the calculation of natural ventilation systems of a building. The choice of formulas for determining resistances has a significant impact on the calculation speed and accuracy of modeling ventilation systems. A method for accounting for ejection during air movement in T-fittings is proposed.