bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membeli Waralaba Sesuai Budget
Authors: Nawawi Ibnu
Published: January 2023

Waralaba merupakan hak khusus yang dimiliki oleh orang perseorangan atau badan usaha terhadap sistem bisnis dengan ciri khas usaha dalam rangka memasarkan barang dan/atau jasa yang telah terbukti berhasil dan dapat dimanfaatkan dan/atau digunakan oleh pihak lain (Yudha Harnoko, 2015). Perkembangan bisnis waralaba dalam industry di masyarakat semakin banyak diminati oleh entrepreneur. Jaringan bisnis yang luas dan pelatihan yang diberikan penjual waralaba menjadi faktor pertimbangan yang menguntungan bagi bisnis ini. Reputasi dan citra yang mapan, akses periklanan yang luas dan dukungan kerja berkelanjutan dimiliki oleh bisnis ini.
Analisis Ragam Bisnis Waralaba Sesuai Anggaran
Authors: mahya salsabila ainun
Published: January 2023

Waralaba merupakan bentuk kerjasama bisnis antara pemilik (franchisor) merek,produk, dan sistem operasional dengan pihak kedua (franchise) untuk pemakaian merek. Atausebuah kontrak usaha bisnis untuk mempergunakan merek dengan perjanjian yang sudahdisepakati, namun dalam berbisnis waralaba ada juga kelemahan atau kekurangannya sepertibahan baku mengandalkan pemilik, sistemnya bagi untung, inovasi terbatas, dan reputasi bisnisjuga berpengaruh. Keuntungan bisnis waralaba adalah tidak terlalu membutuhkan pengalamandalam berbisnis yang memadai untuk menjalankan usaha bisnis, penjual waralaba akanmemberikan pelatihan atau training yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan usaha bisnis tersebut.Hal-hal yang sebaiknya dihindari atau mencegah kegagalan ketika berbisnis waralaba,kegagalan bisnis waralaba dapat disebabkan kurangnya komunikasi, franchisee tidak memilikikeunggulan kompetitif, franchisor tidak memberikan dukungan, dan operasional pedom antidak lengkap
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The Impact of Free Access to AI Ethics and Governance Standards
ARGENSI MORALITAS APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM BAGI SUPERIORITAS HUKUM DALAM UPAYA MENCAPAI KEADILAN
Authors: SIHOMBING WAHYU ADI PUTRA
Published: January 2023

Keadilan merupakan nilai ideal yang selalu diperjuangkan oleh umat manusia. Sebagai nilai ideal, cita-cita menggapai keadilan tidak pernah tuntas dicari, dan tidak pernah selesai dibahas. Keadilan akan menjadi diskursus panjang dalam sejarah peradaban manusia. Dalam sebuah negara hukum seperti Indonesia, upaya untuk mencapai keadilan tidak bisa diabaikan.
Desain Produk Inovatif dengan AI
Authors: R Iqbal Maulana
Published: January 2023

Produk ini merupakan suatu inovasi dari sebuah remote, yang mana kita menginovasikan menjadi suatu hal yang dapat menarik pelanggan dan memiliki bentuk yang lucu.
The Impact of International Students on Science and Ethics (v2)
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Impact of International Students on Science and Ethics
Experiment ended
Authors: Evans Isabelle
Published: January 2023

The Power of Public Web Data in Solving Societal Issues
Academic writing and AI: Day-5 experiment with cultural additivity
Authors: Hoang Giang , La Viet-Phuong
Published: January 2023

Experiments in 365 days to check how accurately AI recognizes scientific terms, their origins, meanings, and usages, and whether the accuracy increases over time.
Peace Treaty Of Lausanne And The End To Armenian Aspirations
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: January 2023

July 24th is the 93rd anniversary of the Peace Treaty of Lausanne (in this text, the “Lausanne Peace Treaty” will be referred to as the “Lausanne Treaty”). The Lausanne Treaty is an important international contract that was negotiated, signed, and ratified by almost all important participants of the First World War. It is not only a crucial treaty due to the identity of the participating countries, but it is also crucial due to the scope of subject areas it covers. It is a treaty that covers political, military, economic, and humanitarian issues that appertains to the Ottoman Empire and Eastern Front of the First World War...
Experiment ended
Authors: End Exp
Published: January 2023

The Power of Entrepreneurship in Strengthening Food Security in Arid Climates
“Primary School Curriculum is like a Matryoshka": Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the Curriculum
Authors: Yıldırım Figen
Published: January 2023

The curriculum is an important guide for a country's education system. It covers the objectives, teaching and learning process, content, and evaluation process. The primary school curriculum was updated in Turkey in 2018 and made simpler compared to the 2006 curriculum. The purpose of this research was to explore the perceptions of primary school teacher candidates about the primary school curriculum through conceptual metaphor theory. For this purpose, teacher candidates completed the prompt "Primary school curriculum is like/similar to ........ Because ………” The data in this qualitative research was analyzed using content analysis techniques. The characteristics of the curriculum guided the analysis process. According to the findings, eight themes were identified: Primary school curriculum as being systematic, being the foundation of education, being a guide, being individual foundations, being purpose-oriented, being applicable, being the foundation of life, and others. The findings indicate that the pre-service teachers mostly produced positive metaphors for the primary school curriculum. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the pre-service teachers emphasized the basic features of the program and their level of knowledge was high. It is expected that the research will contribute to primary school teacher education.
The Impact of International Student Mobility on Scientific Advancement
Authors: Han YouAI
Published: January 2023

The Impact of International Student Mobility on Scientific Advancement
Einstein-Poincare synchronization, gravity and general transformations of coordinates
Authors: fordjarini ivan slobodan/vukosava
Published: January 2023

Einstein-Poincare synchronization and deformation of space-time by gravity are sufficient for obtaining Lorentz transformation starting from Galileo transformation.
Braking behaviour of automated vehicles as critical implicit communication for pedestrians’ vehicle behaviour estimation and road crossing
Authors: tian Kai , TZIGIERAS ATHANASIOS , Wei Chongfeng , Lee Yee Mun , Holmes Christopher , Leonetti Matteo , Merat Natasha , Romano Richard , Markkula Gustav
Published: January 2023

The deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) has generated high societal expectations. However, due to the absence of the driver role, the communication issues between pedestrians and AVs have not yet been solved. Previous research has shown the crucial role of implicit signals in this context. However, it is still unclear how pedestrians subjectively estimate vehicle behaviour and if pedestrians incorporate these estimations as part of their crossing decisions. For the first time, this study explored the impact of implicit signals both on pedestrians' subjective estimations of approaching vehicle behaviour across a wide range of experimental traffic scenarios and on their crossing behaviour in the same scenarios through a comprehensive analysis. Two simulator tasks, i.e., a natural road crossing task and a vehicle behaviour estimation task, were designed with time to collision, vehicle speed, and braking behaviour controlled. A novel finding is that the correlation between crossing decisions and vehicle behaviour estimations depends on the traffic scenario. That is, pedestrians could recognise the vehicle's different braking behaviours and that their crossing decisions aligned well with their subjective estimates, supporting the idea that pedestrians actively estimate vehicle behaviour as part of their decision-making process. However, if the traffic gap is big enough, there is a separation between crossing decisions and estimations about vehicle behaviour. We further showed that pedestrians crossed the street earlier and estimated yielding behaviour more accurately in early-onset braking scenarios than in late-onset braking scenarios. Interestingly, vehicle speed significantly affected pedestrian behaviour and estimations, with pedestrians tending to perceive low vehicle speed as yielding behaviour regardless of whether the vehicle yielded. Finally, we showed that visual cue $\dot{\tau}$ is associated with detecting vehicle-yielding behaviour. Our findings reveal in detail the impacts of implicit signals on pedestrian crossing decisions and have implications for road crossing safety and the development of AVs.
Passive Social Media Use Positively Predicts Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories: The Mediating Role of Personal Relative Deprivation
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos , Pagliaro Stefano , pacilli maria giuseppina , Bilewicz Michał , Teresi Manuel , Ballone Chiara
Published: January 2023

Social media use occupies a prominent space in social sciences scholarship and beyond. However, the distinction between active and passive use of social media, although important in explaining a variety of users’ behaviors, has been overlooked in terms of its potential to predict key outcomes like beliefs in conspiracy theories. In three studies (N = 1388, in total), we provide evidence on (a) the role of passive social media use in believing in conspiracy theories via personal relative deprivation; (b) the interaction effect between social media use and personal relative deprivation on beliefs in conspiracy theories. Results showed that passive social media use is linked to, and has a positive effect on, beliefs in conspiracy theories and this relationship is explained via increased personal relative deprivation. Additionally, this main effect was qualified by an interaction with increased personal relative deprivation. Results are discussed in light of their social and media psychological contribution and implications in the digital era, an era of fighting, out of many, against misinformation.
Fewer intrusive memories in aphantasia: using the trauma film paradigm as a laboratory model of PTSD
Authors: Keogh Rebecca , Wicken Marcus , Pearson Joel
Published: January 2023

When we live through a traumatic event some of us will go on to experience uncontrollable unpleasant memories of the event. These intrusive memories are one of the hallmarks of post-traumatic stress disorder. Intrusive memories or flashbacks are typically described as visual, and their vividness predicts the severity of PTSD. If visual imagery is central to the development and continuation of flashbacks then people without visual imagery (aphantasia) should experience less, or different, intrusive memories. To test this, a group of individuals with aphantasia and a group with visual imagery underwent a lab-based PTSD model: the trauma film paradigm. Aphantasic individuals reported fewer intrusions immediately after watching the traumatic film, as well as fewer intrusions in a digital diary app over the course of a week. Despite the significant reduction in intrusive memories, aphantasic individuals still reported having some intrusions, however, the sensory qualities of these intrusions were markedly different from individuals with visual imagery. While individuals with visual imagery reported their intrusions as being mostly visual, aphantasic individuals reported mostly verbal intrusions. These findings demonstrate that visual imagery is related to the number of intrusive memories experienced after witnessing a traumatic event, which may have important implications for the development of PTSD. Further, it does appear that aphantasic individuals can experience intrusions, albeit less frequently and in a different format than people with visual imagery.
The Well-being of Women in Healthcare Professions: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Karakcheyeva Viktoriya , Willis-Johnson Haneefa , Corr Patrick G. , Frame Leigh A.
Published: January 2023

Background: A multidisciplinary team of health scientists and educators at an academic medical center came together to consider the various factors that impact well-being among self-identified women working in healthcare and conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify the existing body of knowledge. Objectives: To examine how well-being is defined, what instruments are used to measure it, and correlation between professional and personal gender-specific factors that impact the well-being of women in healthcare occupations. Methods: A total of 71 studies published in 26 countries between 1979-2022 were extracted from PubMed. Studies enrolled adult women (18-74 y.o.) healthcare professionals including nurses, physicians, clinical social workers, and mental health providers. Well-being related phenomena such as quality of life (QOL), stress, burnout, resiliency, and wellness were investigated. In this review, women are broadly defined to include any individual who primarily identifies as a woman regardless of their sex assigned at birth. Results: The results of our analysis were consistent across the scope of the literature and indicated that women in healthcare occupations endure a significantly higher level of stress and burnout compared to their male counterparts. The following gender-specific factors were identified as having direct correlation to well-being: job satisfaction, psychological health, and work-life integration. Conclusions: The findings from this review indicate a need for evidence-based integrative interventions across healthcare enterprises to combat stress and burnout and strengthen the resiliency and well-being of women in healthcare. Using information from this review, our team will launch a comprehensive well-being assessment and a series of interventions to support resiliency and well-being at our academic medical center. Keywords: clinicians, providers, women, quality of life, stress, burnout, resiliency, wellness, job satisfaction, psychological health, work-life integration.
Cognitive effort investment: Does disposition become action?
Authors: Kührt Corinna , Graupner Sven-Thomas , Paulus Philipp C. , Strobel Alexander
Published: January 2023

Contrary to the law of less work, individuals with high levels of need for cognition and self-control tend to choose harder tasks more often. While both traits can be integrated into a core construct of cognitive effort investment, the processes underlying this tendency remain unclear. A plausible explanation is that these individuals intend to avoid the feeling of boredom during easy tasks. If this were the case, they would be less likely to increase their effort based on expected payoff, but rather based on increasing demand. In the present study, we measured actual effort investment on multiple dimensions, i.e., subjective load, reaction time, accuracy, early and late frontal midline theta power, N2 and P3 amplitude, and pupil dilation. In a sample of N = 148 participants, we examined the relationship of dispositional cognitive effort investment and effort indices during a flanker and an n-back task with varying demand and payoff. In both tasks, effort indices were sensitive to demand and partly to payoff. The analyses revealed no main effect of cognitive effort investment, but interaction effects with payoff for reaction time (n-back and flanker task) and P3 amplitude (n-back task) and demand for early frontal midline theta power (flanker task). Taken together, our results do not support the notion that individuals with high levels of cognitive effort investment exert effort more efficiently. However, the notion that these individuals exert effort regardless of payoff is partly supported. This may further our understanding of the conditions under which person-situation interactions occur, i.e. the conditions under which situations determine effort investment in goal-directed behavior more than personality, and vice versa.
A community-based approach to longitudinal language research with racially & ethnically minoritized autistic young adults: Lessons learned and new directions
Authors: Girolamo Teresa , Ghali Samantha , Eigsti Inge-Marie
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Language and autism research each typically exclude racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) autistic individuals. In addition, in the case of autistic individuals with language impairment, investigators often approach caregivers to discuss research participation, rather than autistic individuals themselves. This gap limits the ecological validity of language research in autism. To address this gap, this clinical focus article describes strategies for engaging REM autistic young adults with language impairment using lessons learned from five years of longitudinal research with this population. This approach involved an ongoing community partnership, as well as participatory partnerships with REM autistic individuals and community stakeholders, developed through “slow science.”Conclusion: The approach yielded excellent retention of participants over five years and led to co-development of research projects aimed at priorities described by REM autistic individuals and their families, including understanding self-determination, social determinants of health, and language variability in autistic REM with language impairment. Findings support the utility of community-based methods with autistic REM young adults with language impairment, with key take-aways for diversifying research while replicating, extending, and building theory.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOM EXPRESSION: AN ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE
Authors: Cooper Bryna N. , Cusack Shannon E , Brown Lisa M , Domingue Ben W. , Duncan Laramie E.
Published: January 2023

Numerous studies have delineated a relationship between female sex and increased rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Some have investigated the role of the factor structure in the diagnostic gap between males and females. However, many of these studies have limitations around obtaining a large, representative sample of adults that can appropriately provide the power necessary to examine possible bias inherent to the item and factor structure. To determine how symptoms and factor structure vary by sex and may contribute to this sex-based diagnostic gap, we systematically reviewed relevant papers that have conducted factor and item analysis to comprehensively target the role of biological sex on factors as well as symptom level differences between females and males. We then conducted factor and item level analysis using responses on the PTSD Checklist – specific type collected from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study data. Factor analysis showed invariance at the strict factorial level. Differential item functioning (DIF) was found in four items: anhedonia, emotionally numbing, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty sleeping. On these four items, females systematically endorsed higher rates of PTSD severity. However, the effect sizes were small. Overall, this study shows modest sex-based bias operating at the item level that does not translate to the factor level.
The educational gradient in young singlehood: The role of gender and the gender climate
Authors: van den Berg Lonneke
Published: January 2023

Background: Universities are described as waiting halls for union formation. However, little is known about the size of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home. Objective: This paper examines the educational gradient in single living after leaving home in 30 European countries, and the role of gender and the gender climate in the country for this gradientMethods: I use data from the European Social Survey supplemented with data from the OECD and European Values Study for the contextual measures. Predicted probabilities for single living are compared across educational groups, gender, and countries. Using random slope models with an interaction between education and the gender climate, I examine whether the educational gradient is larger in less gender egalitarian countries. Results: The results show there is, on average, a positive educational gradient in single living after leaving home. However, there is substantial variation in its size. First, the gradient is larger among women. Second, there are cross-national differences in the size of the gradient and gender differences in this gradient. This cross-national variation depends on the gender climate in the country: among women, the educational gradient is smaller in countries with a higher women’s labor force participation.Conclusion: The results show that stratification in singlehood after leaving home is especially prominent among women in less gender egalitarian countries.Contribution: The article presents a comprehensive overview of the educational gradient in single living after leaving home by gender and country, demonstrating the importance of the gender climate.
PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Simaltoga Juniawan
Published: January 2023

Perspektif global adalah suatu pandangan yang timbul akibat suatu kesadaran bahwa hidup dan kehidupan ini untuk kepentingan global yang lebih luas. Dalam cara berpikir seseorang harus berpikir global, dan dalam bertindak dapat secara lokal (think globally and act locally). Oleh karena itu, harus kita camkan betul bahwa yang kita lakukan dan perbuat akan mempengaruhi dunia secara global. Hal ini harus ditanamkan pada diri murid bahwa kehidupan kita ini adalah bagian dari kehidupan dunia. Kita tidak dapat berkembang tanpa adanya hubungan dan komunikasi dengan dunia luar, kita hidup karena adanya saling ketergantungan. Oleh karena itu, sebagai guru seyogianya mempersiapkan diri sebagai komunikator atau penghubung dengan dunia luar tersebut.
SELF-MANAGEMENT PASIEN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER PASCA KATETERISASI JANTUNG
Authors: Ardianti Rizka , Erwin Erwin , Lestari Widia
Published: January 2023

Self-management pasien penyakit jantung koroner merupakan upaya mengurangi perilaku yang berisiko menimbulkan penyakit dan mempertahankan perawatan serta pengobatan agar penyakit tidak semakin parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran self-managemenet pasien penyakit jantung koroner pasca kateterisasi jantung. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jumlah responden 30 orang dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas responden berumur 46-55 tahun yaitu 15 responden (50%), jenis kelamin responden mayoritas adalah laki-laki yaitu 20 responden (66,7%), status pendidikan responden mayoritas adalah pendidikan menengah yaitu 12 responden (20%), status pekerjaan mayoritas adalah bekerja yaitu 18 responden (60%), dan lama waktu pasca kateterisasi jantung paling banyak di enam bulan terakhir yaitu 9 responden (30%). Hasil self-integration pada responden seluruhnya adalah kategori sedang yaitu 24 responden (80%), self-regulation mayoritas adalah kategori baik yaitu 18 responden (60%), interaction with health professionals and significant other mayoritas adalah kategori baik yaitu 22 responden (73,3%), self-monitoring mayoritas adalah kategori baik 21 responden (70%), selanjutnya Adherence to Recommended Regimen mayoritas adalah kategori baik yaitu 25 responden (83,3%), dan hasil self-management responden mayoritas adalah kategori baik yaitu 16 responden (53,3%). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan terhadap penderita penyakit jantung koroner agar melakukan perubahan terhadap integrasi kesehatannya seperti berhenti merokok, menghindari makan tinggi lemak, olahraga jalan kaki minimal 30 menit sehari, dan melakukan menejemen stres.
VALIDITAS GELOMBANG FREKUENSI TANGISAN BAYI SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR NYERI SAAT PENYUNTIKAN IMUNISASI
Authors: Alpriani Sekar Lia , Novayelinda Riri , Woferst Rismadefi
Published: January 2023

Menangis merupakan salah satu bentuk komunikasi bayi dengan orang di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menilai validitas frekuensi (hertz) tangisan bayi saat nyeri sehingga dapat ditetapkan sebagai standar penilaian nyeri pada bayi saat imunisasi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 72 orang bayi menurut kriteria inklusi, yang berada di Puskesmas Harapan Raya, Puskesmas Limapuluh, dan Puskesmas Rejosari. Alat untuk mengukur nilai gelombang frekuensi tangisan bayi adalah Speech Analyze dengan Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) sebagai standar untuk mengukur nyeri pada bayi. Analisis yang digunakan ialah uji diagnostik kurva ROC, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan analisis concurrent dengan uji somers’D. Gelombang frekuensi tangisan bayi memiliki tingkat nilai validitas 75%; dan p value (0.000) <0.001; CI 0.629 – 0.878 (95%) dengan sensitivitas 76% dan spesifisitas 71% disertai analisis concurrent dengan uji somers’D bernilai sedang/baik (r tabel =0.04 dan p value (0.003) <0.05 dinyatakan valid untuk digunakan sebagai alat ukur nyeri serta dapat menjelaskan arah korelasi dan kekuatan korelasi antara variabel MBPS terhadap gelombang frekuensi tangisan bayi. Penentuan titik potong (cut off point) dalam sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang telah dilakukan dalam uji somers’D diperoleh hasil nilai frekuensi yang menyatakan nilai nyeri dalam frekuensi ≤ 277.14 (ringan), 278 - 394.86 (sedang), dan ≥ 394.86 (berat). Penelitian ini direkomendasikan sebagai standar acuan untuk mengukur nyeri pada bayi saat imunisasi sehingga dapat dilakukan manajemen nyeri.
Research, test and evaluate fireproof materials for mixed solid fuels operating reliably in the temperature range -50÷50oC
Authors:   Institute of Propellants and Explosives, General Department of Defense Industry, Tran Huu Thanh , Nguyen Van Hung ,   Institute of Propellants and Explosives, General Department of Defense Industry, Nguyen Duc Long ,   Institute of Propellants and Explosives, General Department of Defense Industry, Doan Van Diep ,   Institute of Propellants and Explosives, General Department of Defense Industry
Published: January 2023

This article presents experiment results on the manufacture of the flame retardant sheath for the based-rubber solid fuel bar-nitrile butadiene rubber NBR26. The flame retardant sheath is specified by high mechanical strength (tensile strength 19.2 MPa), good solvent resistance (swelling capacity in toluene 19.5%), good heat and cold resistance ensuring the working capability of the mixed solid fuel bar in the temperature range (-50÷50oC). The product’s calorific effect is high (over 3000oC) during the period of up to 12 s according to the design document. The results of this experiment play an important role in the development of the rocket industry in general and the mixed rocket solid fuel industry in particular in Vietnam in the next period.
Incorporación del efecto del contenido de agua en el suelo en el modelo USLE/RUSLE para estimar erosión en Uruguay
Authors: Hill M. , García Prechac F. , Terra J. , Sawchik J.
Published: January 2023

Desde 1980 se ha trabajado para adaptar y validar el modelo USLE/RUSLE a Uruguay, pero existen sobreestimaciones de pérdida de suelo respecto a resultados experimentales. La hipótesis es que ello se debe a que el modelo no considera el efecto del contenido de agua en el suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar la hipótesis y proponer y validar un procedimiento para estimar el factor «contenido de agua del suelo» e incluirlo en las estimaciones del modelo USLE/RUSLE. Se comprobó una mejora en la estimación al incorporar el efecto del agua del suelo a partir de datos medidos experimentalmente con la incorporación del subfactor «contenido de agua en el suelo» del modelo RUSLE eliminándose la sobreestimación. La pendiente de la regresión entre valores estimados y medidos pasó de 1.21 a 0.99 y el R2 de 0.93 a 0.97. El modelo de balance hídrico que mejor estimó el contenido de agua del suelo fue el de Témez (1977), calibrado para Uruguay por Genta et al., (2005). Estimando el contenido de agua en el suelo por Témez, se logró pasar de una sobreestimación de la erosión en USLE/RUSLE de 25 % a una leve subestimación de 4 %, con cambios en los valores de R2 , Índice de Nash - Sutcliffe y PBIAS de 0.94 a 0.97, de 0.73 a 0.97 y de -56 a 4, respectivamente.
Degradación de tejidos foliares en Elymus breviaristatus subsp. scabrifolius y E. scabriglumis (Gramineae)
Authors: Nuciari M. C.
Published: January 2023

Se caracterizó la degradación de tejidos foliares de Elymus breviaristatus subsp. scabrifolius y Elymus scabriglumis en estado vegetativo y reproductivo, durante 24, 48 y 72 h de digestión in situ y se estimó la tasa de degradación en cada caso. El patrón de degradación de tejidos foliares en las especies estudiadas coincidió en general con lo reportado para especies templadas C3. Se estimaron porcentajes promedio de digestión de los tejidos mayoritarios parénquima y clorénquima en E. breviaristatus subsp. scabrifolius de 80,2 y 29 %, a las 72 h, mientras que los valores en E. scabriglumis fueron 86,5 y 29,5 %. Las tasas de degradación del clorénquima y xilema variaron entre especies según la fracción de la hoja. La tasa de degradación del xilema fue similar en láminas de ambas especies, mientras que en vainas fue superior en E. scabriglumis. Las tasas de degradación del clorénquima y floema difirieron según la fracción foliar y el estado de desarrollo. La diferente biodegradabilidad se explicaría por las características cualitativas y cuantitativas de cada tejido. Los resultados sugieren que E. scabriglumis sería un valioso recurso para la Depresión del Salado en períodos de escasez de forraje.
Anatomía, peso específico aparente de la madera y porcentaje de corteza en orígenes de dos especies de Eucalyptus cultivadas en Uruguay (Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden y Eucalyptus badjensis Beuzev. & Welch)
Authors: Mantero C. , Fernández V. , Ros A.
Published: January 2023

Se estudiaron las características anatómicas de la madera de dos orígenes de Eucalyptus dunnii y dos orígenes de Eucalyptus badjensis, se determinó además porcentaje de corteza y peso específico aparente básico (PEAb). Los árboles, de 5 años de edad, provinieron de un ensayo de introducción de especies y orígenes de INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria) ubicado a 31º 42´ 5´´ S , 55º 49´ 5´´ W y a 140 m sobre el nivel del mar, en el departamento de Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Se estudiaron los elementos celulares: vasos, radios y fibras en forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Para el cálculo de PEAb se aplicó el método de máximo tenor de humedad. Ambas son especies de baja densidad, con medias de 0,4 gcm-3 para E. dunnii y 0,39 gcm-3 para E. badjensis. E. dunnii posee mayor porcentaje de corteza (14 %) que E. badjensis (11 %). Se determinaron las principales relaciones entre dimensiones fundamentales de las fibras para producción de pulpa celulósica.
Contenido de proteína cruda del polen de las principales especies botánicas utilizadas por las abejas melíferas en Uruguay
Authors: Santos E. , Invernizzi C. , García E. , Cabrera C. , Di Landro R. , Saadoun A. , Daners G.
Published: January 2023

El valor nutritivo del polen de los recursos botánicos explotados por las abejas melíferas es de mucha importancia para la apicultura, fundamentalmente en las zonas donde la agricultura moderna causa reducción en la diversidad de recursos. Se determinó el contenido de proteína cruda del polen de 25 especies vegetales frecuentemente visitadas por las abejas. Los valores hallados variaron entre 14,5 y 41,5%, y la mayoría de las especies presentaron polen con más de 20% de proteína, valor mínimo aceptado para una correcta nutrición de las abejas. En 10 de las 12 especies en las que se analizó más de una muestra se encontró que la cantidad de proteína no varía significativamente entre regiones y periodo del año. En especies ampliamente explotadas por las abejas como el lotus, trébol rojo, trébol blanco, borraja y rábano el polen presentó más de 30% de proteína cruda. El polen de Eucalyptus grandis en una forestación presentó entre 28 y 32% de proteína a lo largo del periodo de floración, aunque al final se redujo a sólo 18%. El valor encontrado para el polen de Eucalyptus spp. en otoño fue de 28% aproximadamente. Sólo en el polen de carqueja y sauces se halló menos de 20% de proteína cruda. Estos resultados indican que en Uruguay las abejas no deberían tener problemas proteicos en su dieta cuando hay una oferta de polen de diferentes especies botánicas.
Identificación de factores incidentes en las decisiones de adopción de tecnología en productores ganaderos criadores familiares
Authors: Molina C. , Alvarez J.
Published: January 2023

La producción ganadera es un sector de enorme importancia para la economía nacional. El estancamiento ganadero viene siendo estudiado desde hace largo tiempo. En el transcurso de los últimos años, los indicadores de productividad se han visto incrementados. El sector vinculado a la cría vacuna es el sector que ha mostrado menores niveles de mejora. Dentro del mismo, los pequeños y medianos ganaderos criadores familiares constituyen un número importante de productores, los cuales conforman la mayoría de los pobladores rurales de Uruguay. El estudio identifica los factores que inciden en las decisiones de adopción de tecnología desde el punto de vista de estos productores. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiples, con 9 (nueve) productores participantes de un proyecto denominado «Integrando Conocimientos» del Plan Agropecuario. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre los meses de octubre y diciembre de 2006. Se visitó a los productores seleccionados y se les preguntó de manera directa acerca de qué hacían y los motivos que tenían para ello. Se logró identificar un número importante de factores que inciden en las decisiones de adopción y no adopción. Este estudio posibilitó además plantear ideas para el diseño de estrategias de intervención, con el objetivo de lograr un mayor desarrollo de este tipo de productores.
CHARAKTER PRAWNY ROZPORZĄDZENIA W PRZEDMIOCIE ZARZĄDZENIA WYBORÓW DO ORGANÓW JEDNOSTEK SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO
Authors: Mroczkowski Przemysław
Published: January 2023

In the article we try to determine the legal character of the act calling elections of local governments units’ authorities, regulation The source of controversy is that Polish legislature uses the same word (rozporządzenie, regulation) for different kinds of legal acts. Some of them regulate repetitive situations; they are of abstract and general nature. Other apply only to particular cases. In the article upon careful scrutiny of the character of the legal norms derived from the act calling elections, systemic comparison with similar types of legal acts, analysis of judicial opinions and legal doctrine, we find that there is a special ‘hybrid’ category of legal acts, that lay between legislative act and acts applying the law to individual cases. It is characterised by the character of the norms – they are at the same time general (apply to unlimited number of persons or other entities) and concrete (regulate singular, unrepetitive situation). Act calling elections belongs to that category.
ABANDONMENT OF A THING: THE LEGAL CONSTRUCTION AND THE POSSIBILITY TO EXERCISE THIS RIGHT IN POLISH LAW
Authors: Ossowska Magdalena
Published: January 2023

The article is intended to show, using the examples from Polish law, how strongly the owner’s right to abandon a thing is limited. First of all, the legal structure of the abandonment and its current, very universal legal form are presented. Next, some categories of things that cannot be abandoned in Polish law are distinguished, and further examples of relevant private and public law regulations are provided. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that, despite the granted right to abandon a thing, it is usually not problematic to abandon only completely safe things of low economic value.
WOJNA I POKÓJ W KONSTYTUCJI RP
Authors: Piotrowski Ryszard
Published: January 2023

Art. 116 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland provides that a state of war and the conclusion of peace are declared by the Sejm acting in the name of the Republic of Poland. These two notions, having no constitutional definition, come under the rubric of established notions, i.e. concepts whose meaning derives from doctrinal findings and provisions of law, as well as from constitutional principles and values. The Sejm’s power to declare a state of war and, consequently, declare the conclusion of peace is part of Polish system-of-governance traditions. The parliament’s power to declare war actually characterizes most of the democratic systems, even if it could be argued that waiving this prerogative in practice characterizes it as well, reflecting the preponderance of the executive power in the domain of foreign policy. The wording of Art. 116 rules out an invasive war, also in the form of a war of prevention or a preventive self-defence. The Sejm may adopt the relevant resolution only in case of armed aggression against the territory of the Republic of Poland, or if international treaties impose an obligation of common defence against aggression, i.e. as a consequence of an act of aggression. Being of key importance for the constitutional regulation of war and peace, this constraint is commensurate with international law, which the Republic of Poland is required to respect pursuant to Art. 9 of the Constitution, and is also commensurate with the Preamble to the Constitution. In a democracy, acts of war – as an important government prerogative – may only be conducted pursuant to the relevant constitutional provisions which define the conditions that must be met for such acts to be legitimate. The conduct of a war, after all, does not warrant the suspension of the Constitution. A democratic state ruled by law must not conduct a war otherwise than on the basis, and within the constraints, of law – if it is to retain its constitutional identity. For the use of armed forces abroad to be commensurate with the Constitution, such use must not represent an act of aggression, nor can it represent any acts violating the principles of the United Nations Charter. If past experience is to be a guide, democratic constitutions are not capable of preventing anti-democratic changes in the system of governance, nor are they capable of preventing wars. War represents a failure of the Constitution, by destroying its foundation, the belief in inalienable and inherent dignity of the person.
O WYBRANYCH PROBLEMACH PRAWNYCH OBROTU ROŚLINNYMI PRODUKTAMI LECZNICZYMI
Authors: Bokszczanin Aleksander , Iaroslavska Marianna-Elizabet
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the problem of placing medicinal products on the market and the faulty implementation of Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use. As a result of faulty implementation, manufacturers of medicinal products have been deprived of the possibility to market the medicines they produce. This results in significant losses and distortion of competition in the pharmaceutical market. The article offers proposals of specific legislative changes and legal measures available for manufacturers of medicinal products. In addition, the issue of marketing of dietary supplements is addressed. They are advertised as if they were medicines thereby misleading the consumers. The article describes the risks associated with this problem and suggests proposals of change.
DZIAŁANIA UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ W ZWALCZANIU PRZEMOCY WOBEC KOBIET
Authors: Zielińska Eleonora
Published: January 2023

The text explores important issues concerning violence against women in the light of the legal regulations of the Istanbul Convention and in the context of difficulties emerging during actions taken by the European Union to implement the Istanbul Convention in the EU legal framework. The European Union, within its competences, has not yet taken specific legal measures to combat crime involving violence against women, i.e. originating in the fact that someone is a woman or, statistically, there is a gross overrepresentation of women among the victims. The article describes the stages of the ratification and legislative processes, thanks to which the issue of counteracting gender-based violence will remain permanently on the agenda of the EU bodies, thereby contributing to a better understanding both of the threats posed by this form of crime for all societies and the need for the integrated fight against it in the common area of freedom, security, and justice.
LEGAL SOLUTIONS CONCERNING THE REDISTRIBUTIVE FUNCTION OF PUBLIC FINANCE AS A TOOL TO SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY
Authors: Żuchowska-Grzywacz Monika , Kobylski Piotr
Published: January 2023

Currently, the European Union, being aware of the deepening crisis of biodiversity, is setting increasingly ambitious goals in the field of nature protection, introducing tools which may make their pursuit more effective. The implementation of this strategy means, inter alia, that EUR 20 billion per year will be allocated to activities connected with the protection of biodiversity in the EU, 30% of land and seas are to be protected by 2030, and 10% of their area are to be strictly protected. The aim of the discussion in this article is therefore to determine whether, and if so, how biodiversity can be more effectively supported by the legal solutions concerning the redistributive function of public finances in relation to agriculture, introduced, inter alia, by the Commission in the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and by the European Parliament Resolution.
UWAGI DO PROJEKTU NOWELIZACJI KODEKSU KARNEGO WYKONAWCZEGO Z 29 PAŹDZIERNIKA 2021 R.
Authors: Kaczor Roman , Tygielski Maciej
Published: January 2023

The authors refer to several aspects of the most recent proposal to amend the Executive Penal Code, published by the Ministry of Justice in autumn 2021 and widely consulted as part of the legislative process. The draft is a voluminous document, 52 pages long, and covers a wide range of issues with varying degree of detail. The article is not intended to offer a comprehensive analysis of the whole project – we confine ourselves to a few threads that, in our opinion, are the most important, as well as require commentary due to their possible consequences for the system of penal executive law and the protection of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty. These are the issues related to the implementation of sentences in the electronic monitoring system, the problem of complaints and judicial control in enforcement proceedings, the institution of “preventive measures” in penitentiary institutions, principles of transferring offenders sentenced to life imprisonment to semi-open and open institutions, authorization of the Minister of Justice to issue a regulation on determining the surface area of living cells, modification of the content of Art. 117 of the Penal Code as a consequence of the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal concerning the treatment and rehabilitation of convicted addicts and the principles of functioning of psychiatric institutions with reinforced and maximum security.
PANDEMIA W INSTYTUCJI TOTALNEJ NA PRZYKŁADZIE KRAJOWEGO OŚRODKA ZAPOBIEGANIA ZACHOWANIOM DYSSOCJALNYM W GOSTYNINIE
Authors: Kukliński Patryk
Published: January 2023

The concept of a total institution was formulated by Erving Goffman in the early 1960s. The author defined it as a place of isolation from the society, whose bureaucratic and formalized structure distracts – with the support of the employed staff – the inmates from the society. The sociologist included into the group of total institutions psychiatric hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, as well as concentration camps, which met with criticism. He also noticed that the stay in the institution itself may generate inappropriate behaviour of the inmates, resulting from their detention. The concept, despite its shortcomings, remains valid until this day. In the 21st century there exist organizations that may be described as total institutions. An example is the National Centre for the Prevention of the Antisocial Behaviour in Gostynin, Poland, where people who pose a threat to the society are placed. The author of the article identifies the features that prove the totality of the aforementioned National Centre. He analyzes how certain legal deficiencies and bad practices in applying the law affect the disregard for the constitutional freedoms and rights of inmates and describes the difficulties in the functioning of this facility, which are also important from the perspective of the employees. He suggests solutions that could improve the functioning of the Centre and restore the minimum conditions for conducting the therapy.
Consumer intention toward online grocery shopping during the post-pandemic (Covid-19)
Authors: D.U.S. Wijeratne  , I.V. Kuruppu
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study investigates the factors that influence consumers’ online grocery purchase intention during the post-pandemic of Covid-19 in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach: Primary data was collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data was gathered based on 5 variables and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to analyze the empirical data of 200 respondents. And twenty-five indicators were used to measure the five variables. Further, the study uses Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 25) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS 26) to conduct the analysis.

Findings: The study found significant factors that affect consumers’ online grocery purchase intention. The results revealed that Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness have a positive and significant impact on the online Purchase Intention of consumers while Perceived Risk represents a negative and insignificant effect on the online grocery purchase intention of consumers. Further, Hedonic Motivation did not affect the online purchase intention of consumers.

Originality: This study represents the online grocery purchase intention among consumers by investigating consumer behavior during and after the Covid-19 pandemic by using the technology acceptance model as a guiding theory.

Implications: The research is based on the expansion of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Besides, the variable “perceived risk” is added to identify the factors that affect consumers’ online shopping intentions. The study confirmed the significant influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and hedonic motivation on the continuance usage of online grocery purchasing during the post-pandemic of Covid-19. Moreover, online retailers should improve their online platforms to address the consumers’ increasing demand for online grocery purchasing.

Keywords: Online grocery shopping, Post pandemic, Structural equation modeling, Technology acceptance model