bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reliability of Remote Patient-Reported Outcome Measures via Mobile Apps to Replace Outpatient Visits After Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery: Repetitive Test-Retest Comparison Study for 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hong Taek Ho , Kim Myung Ku , Ryu Dong Jin , Park Jun Sung , Bae Gi Cheol , Jeon Yoon Sang
Published: March 2021

Background

With the development of health care–related mobile apps, attempts have been made to implement remote patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). In order for remote PROMs to be widely used by mobile apps, the results should not be different depending on the location; that is, remote PROM results performed in locations other than hospitals should be able to obtain reliable results equivalent to those performed in hospitals, and this is very important. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies that have assessed the reliability of PROMs using mobile apps according to the location by comparing the results performed remotely from the hospital and performed at the outpatient visits.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of remote PROMs using mobile apps compared to PROMs performed during outpatient follow-up visits after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods

A total of 174 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair completed questionnaires 2 days before visiting the clinic for the 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups (test A). The patients completed the questionnaires at the clinic (test B) using the same mobile app and device for the 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Test-retest comparisons were performed to analyze the differences and reliability of the PROMs according to the period.

Results

Comparisons of tests A and B showed statistically significant differences at 1, 2, and 3 months (all Ps<.05 except for the ASES function scale at 3-months) but not 6 or 12 months after surgery (all Ps>.05). The intraclass correlation values between the two groups were relatively low at the 1-, 2-, and 3-month follow-ups but were within the reliable range at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The rate of completion of tests A and B using the mobile app was significantly lower in the group older than 70 years than in the other groups for all postoperative periods (P<.001).

Conclusions

PROMs using mobile apps with different locations differed soon after surgery but were reliably similar after 6 months. The remote PROMs using mobile apps could be used reliably for the patient more than 6 months after surgery. However, it is to be expected that the use of mobile app–based questionnaires is not as useful in the group older than 70 years as in other age groups.
Insights From the SmokeFree.gov Initiative Regarding the Use of Smoking Cessation Digital Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Trends Analysis Study
Authors: El-Toukhy Sherine
Published: March 2021

Background

Smoking is a plausible risk factor for COVID-19 progression and complications. Smoking cessation digital platforms transcend pandemic-driven social distancing and lockdown measures in terms of assisting smokers in their quit attempts.

Objective

This study aims to examine trends in the number of visitors, followers, and subscribers on smoking cessation digital platforms from January to April 2020 and to compare these traffic data to those observed during the same 4-month period in 2019. The examination of prepandemic and postpandemic trends in smoking cessation digital platform traffic can reveal whether interest in smoking cessation among smokers is attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We obtained cross-sectional data from daily visitors on the SmokeFree website; the followers of six SmokeFree social media accounts; and subscribers to the SmokeFree SMS text messaging and mobile app interventions of the National Cancer Institute’s SmokeFree.gov initiative platforms, which are publicly available to US smokers. Average daily percentage changes (ADPCs) were used to measure trends for the entire 2020 and 2019 study periods, whereas daily percentage changes (DPCs) were used to measure trends for each time segment of change within each 4-month period. Data analysis was conducted in May and June 2020.

Results

The number of new daily visitors on the SmokeFree website (between days 39 and 44: DPC=18.79%; 95% CI 5.16% to 34.19%) and subscribers to the adult-focused interventions QuitGuide (between days 11 and 62: DPC=1.11%; 95% CI 0.80% to 1.43%) and SmokeFreeTXT (between days 11 and 89: DPC=0.23%; 95% CI 0.004% to 0.47%) increased, but this was followed by declines in traffic. No comparable peaks were observed in 2019. The number of new daily subscribers to quitSTART (ie, the teen-focused intervention) trended downward in 2020 (ADPC=−1.02%; 95% CI −1.88% to −0.15%), whereas the overall trend in the number of subscribers in 2019 was insignificant (P=.07). The number of SmokeFree social media account followers steadily increased by <0.1% over the 4-month study periods in 2019 and 2020.

Conclusions

Peaks in traffic on the SmokeFree website and adult-focused intervention platforms in 2020 could be attributed to an increased interest in smoking cessation among smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coordinated campaigns, especially those for adolescents, should emphasize the importance of smoking cessation as a preventive measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection and raise awareness of digital smoking cessation platforms to capitalize on smokers’ heightened interest during the pandemic.
Development and Validation of Interpretable Machine Learning Approaches for Early Identification of Stroke in Older, Community Dwellers (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Yafei , Jiang Zhongquan , Lin Shaowu , Fang Ya
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Prediction of stroke based on individuals’ risk factors, especially for a first stroke event, is of great significance for primary prevention of high-risk populations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the applicability of machine learning for predicting stroke onset in older adults compared with statistical model.

METHODS

A total of 5960 participants consecutively surveyed from 2011 to 2013 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analysis. We constructed a traditional logistic regression (LR) and two machine learning methods, namely random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), to identify stroke onset using epidemiological and clinical variables. Grid search and 10-fold cross validation were used to tune hyperparameters. Model performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration, decision curve and predictiveness curve analysis.

RESULTS

Among the 5960 participants, 131 (2.20%) of them developed stroke after an average of 2-year follow-up. Our prediction models distinguished stroke versus non-stroke with excellent performance. The AUCs of machine learning (RF, 0.823[95% CI, 0.759-0.886]; XGBoost, 0.808[95% CI, 0.730-0.886]) were significantly higher than LR (0.718[95% CI, 0.649, 0.787], p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between RF and XGBoost (p>0.05). All prediction models had good calibration results with brier score of approximately 0.020. XGBoost had much higher net benefits within a wider threshold range and more capable of recognizing high risk individuals in terms of decision curve and predictiveness curve analysis. Biomarker information were more capable for stroke prediction than epidemiological data.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine learning, especially for XGBoost, had potential to predict stroke onset among the elderly in the population-based study.
Efficacy of Interventions That Incorporate Mobile Apps in Facilitating Weight Loss and Health Behavior Change in the Asian Population: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ang Siew Min , Chen Juliana , Liew Jia Huan , Johal Jolyn , Dan Yock Young , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Lim Su Lin
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Smartphone apps have shown potential in enhancing weight management in Western populations in the short to medium term. With a rapidly growing obesity burden in Asian populations, researchers are turning to apps as a service delivery platform to reach a larger target audience to efficiently address the problem.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of interventions that incorporate apps in facilitating weight loss and health behavior change in the Asian population.

METHODS

A total of 6 databases were searched in June 2020. The eligible studies included controlled trials in which an app was used in the intervention. The participants were aged 18 years or older and were of Asian ethnicity. A meta-analysis to test intervention efficacy, subgroup analyses, and post hoc analyses was conducted to determine the effects of adding an app to usual care and study duration. The primary outcome was absolute or percentage weight change, whereas the secondary outcomes were changes to lifestyle behaviors.

RESULTS

A total of 21 studies were included in this review, and 17 (81%) were selected for the meta-analysis. The pooled effect size across 82% (14/17) of the randomized controlled trials for weight change was small to moderate (Hedges g=–0.26; 95% CI –0.41 to –0.11), indicating slightly greater weight loss achieved in the intervention group; however, this may not be representative of long-term studies (lasting for more than a year). Supplementing multicomponent usual care with an app led to greater weight loss (Hedges g=–0.28; 95% CI –0.47 to –0.09). Asian apps were largely culturally adapted and multifunctional, with the most common app features being communication with health professionals and self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of apps in the long term and address the low uptake of apps to maximize the potential of the intervention. Future research should determine the efficacy of each component of the multicomponent intervention to facilitate the designing of studies that are most effective and cost-efficient for weight management.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42020165240; https://tinyurl.com/2db4tvn6
Digital Intervention Strategies for Increasing Physical Activity Among Preschoolers: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Swindle Taren , Poosala Anwesh B , Zeng Nan , Børsheim Elisabet , Andres Aline , Bellows Laura L
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital interventions are increasingly used to improve health behaviors. Improved access and lower costs (relative to in-person interventions) make such interventions appealing. Specifically, digital platforms may be a promising approach for increasing physical activity (PA) in young children.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this systematic review was three-pronged: (1) to determine the quality of studies using digital PA intervention strategies with preschool-aged children (ie, 3 to 5 years old); (2) to assess the efficacy of digital interventions and approaches designed to improve PA in preschool-aged children; and (3) to examine theoretical application and implementation outcomes with current approaches to digital PA interventions.

METHODS

This review identified and summarized studies on digitally supported interventions for promoting PA in preschool-aged children. We generated 3 lists of relevant search terms that included technology-related terms, PA-related terms, and weight-related terms. The search included Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. Study selection was led by a single author and verified by a second; the same 2 authors assessed study quality using a standardized tool, and 3 authors completed data extraction on PA outcomes, theory application, and implementation outcomes.

RESULTS

In total, 601 studies were identified; 8 met the inclusion criteria. For study quality, only 2 studies received an overall rating of strong quality and low risk of bias. All but 1 study had a small sample size (<100). Positive and significant changes in child PA outcomes were reported in only 2 studies with weak overall quality, both of which used child-directed approaches. In total, 5 studies applied a behavioral theory for designing the intervention; no patterns of effectiveness were identified based on the application of theory. Finally, no studies reported on the implementation outcomes of adoption, cost, penetration, or sustainability; 1 study did not assess any implementation outcomes, and no single study reported on more than 2 implementation outcomes. Studies measured the implementation outcome of acceptability most frequently (n=4), and researchers assessed fidelity in 3 studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The interventions with a significant effect on PA used child-centered activities; parent-directed digital interventions alone were ineffective for improving PA. Future research with rigorous designs, monitoring of implementation outcomes, and testing of the contributions of digital components will advance understanding of the effectiveness of digital interventions for increasing PA in children.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not Applicable
Pengaruh Penambahan Serum Dan Lama Waktu Inkubasi Lateks Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Makrofag Tikus Sprague Dawley (SD) Dalam Menunjang Kegiatan Penelitian
Authors: Istini Istini , Santoso Budi
Published: March 2021

Fagositosis makrofag peritoneal dari hewan coba merupakan salah satu penelitian yang berkaitan dengan sistem imun tubuh. Fagositosis merupakan reaksi makrofag memfagosit/memakan lateks, tetapi reaksi tersebut kadang terkendala karena lateks tidak difagosit oleh makrofag. Perlu penambahan serum normal dari hewan coba bersangkutan, namun waktu inkubasi masih belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serum pada lateks dan lama waktu inkubasi sehingga terjadi reaksi fagositosis yang optimal untuk selanjutnya dapat dipakai peneliti sebagai patokan dalam bekerja. Waktu inkubasi menggunakan 5 perlakuan : (1) makrofag + lateks tanpa serum inkubasi 60 menit, (2) makrofag + lateks + serum inkubasi 60 menit, (3) makrofag + lateks + serum inkubasi 45 menit, (4) makrofag + lateks + serum inkubasi 30 menit, (5) makrofag + lateks + serum inkubasi 15 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu penambahan lateks yang mengandung serum dan diinkubasi selama 60 menit dan 45 menit yaitu lateks yang difagosit oleh makrofag terlalu banyak, sedangkan untuk waktu inkubasi 30 menit dan 15 menit lateks yang difagosit makrofag tidak terlalu banyak. Kesimpulan: apabila penelitian fagositosis makrofag dari tikus Sprague Dawley(SD) dengan lateks mengalami kendala yaitu lateks tidak di fagosit oleh makrofag maka dapat ditambahkan serum pada lateks, sedangkan waktu inkubasi makrofag dengan lateks yang mengandung serum selama 15-30 menit
Penyaringan Metode Buchner Sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Penyaringan Sederhana Pada Percobaan Adsorpsi Dalam Pratikum Kimia Fisika
Authors: Prastyo Prastyo , Sri Rahayoe Ani
Published: March 2021

Penyaringan merupakan pemisahan fisik antara cairan dan padatan dalam campuran. Selain menggunakan gravitasi untuk memaksa cairan melewati medium septum dapat pula digunakan gaya pendorong dengan vakum. Pada percobaan adsorpsi dalam praktikum kimia fisika masih menggunakan penyaringan sederhana. Metode ini memerlukan waktu lama dan filtrat secara visual belum jernih. Hal tersebut memunculkan ide penggunaan metode Buchner sebagai alternatif untuk mendukung pelaksanaan praktikum yang lebih efisien. Telah diujicobakan metode Buchner dengan vakum pompa dengan power ¼ HP, voltage 220V/50Hz, Model RS-1 (BVP), metode Buchner dengan vakum air kran (BVAK), dan metode penyaringan sederhana sebagai pembanding. Suspensi yang digunakan adalah 2 gram zeolit dimasukan kedalam erlenmeyer 250 ml berisi larutan 35 ml asam asetat 1 N, penyaringan dengan kertas saring whatman. Hasil proses penyaringan metode BVP memerlukan waktu berkisar 2,33-3 menit (paling cepat) dengan filtrat jernih; proses penyaringan metode BVAK memerlukan waktu antara 3,5-4,25 menit dengan filtrat jernih; dan waktu penyaringan sederhana memerlukan waktu antara 9,5-11 menit dengan filtrat masih keruh. Mempertimbangkan waktu dan filtrat maka metode Buchner dengan vakum pompa (BVP) maupun dengan vakum air kran (BVAK) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti metode penyaringan pada percobaan adsorpsi dalam praktikum kimia fisika.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN PEMBUATAN VCO (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL) SISTEM ENZIMATIS DAN PANCINGAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK KELAPA MURNI YANG DIHASILKAN
Authors: - Rindawati -
Published: March 2021

Teknik Pembuatan virgin coconut oil dapat dilakukan secara tradisional namun pembuatan secara tradisional dianggap tidak baik terhadap karakteristik minyak yang dihasilkan karena dapat menyebabkan minyak cepat berbau tengik dan warna pada minyak berubah akibat proses oksidasi pada saat perebusan. Sistem enzimatis dan sistem pancingan dinilai berbeda dengan sistem tradisional karena keduanya dilakukan tanpa menggunakan pemanasan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembuatan VCO sistem pancingan dan enzimatis terhadap karakteristik minyak kelapa murni yang dihasilkan (VCO) setelah dianalisis kadar air,asam lemak bebas dan rendemen.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan pembuatan vco dengan cara penambahan potongan buah papaya (10%, 15%, 20%) pada krim untuk sistem enzimatis dan penambahan minyak pancingan VCO (10%, 15%, 20%) pada krim. Setelah di fermentasi selama 24 jam kemudian di peroleh hasil berupa VCO kemudian dianalisa asam lemak, kadar air, rendemen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pembuatan VCO metode enzimatis yang paling baik diduga pada konsentrasi 10% dengan kadar asam lemak bebas 0,04%. Sedangkan VCO dengan metode pancingan yang baik diduga pada semua konsentrasi dengan kadar asam lemak bebas yang sama sebesar 0,03%. Namun untuk nilai kadar air kedua metode ini masih belum memenuhi persyaratan mutu sesuai SNI 7381: 2008 karena nilai dari kedua metode ini melampaui standar 0,2%.Sedangkan untuk perolehan rendemen metode enzimatis yang tertinggi adalah pada penambahan potongan buah pepaya sebanyak 20% dengan rendemen yaitu sebesar 17%. Pada metode pancingan yang memperoleh rendemen tertinggi ialah metode pancingan 10% sebesar 24,9%.
Pengujian Performansi pada Simulator AC Water Chiller dengan Multiple Chlled Water
Authors: Anak Agung Krisna Wira Putra
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK AC jenis Water Chiller merupakan AC dengan pendinginan tidak langsung (indirect contac), karena refrigeran sebagai media pendingin di dalam sistem refrigerasi digunakan untuk mendinginkan air (disebut chilled water). Kemudian ‘chilled water’ ini disirkulasikan oleh pompa sirkulasi air dingin (chilled water pump) ke FCU (Fan Coil Unit) atau AHU (Air Handling Unit). Pada alat inilah nantinya udara ruangan didinginkan oleh air dingin tersebut. FCU digunakan untuk mendinginkan udara ruangan yang berukuran kecil sedangkan untuk ruangan-ruangan besar dapat dilayani dengan AHU, dimana udara dingin dari AHU disalurkan ke ruangan yang akan dikondisikan melalui saluran udara (air duct).Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan melakukan pengujian langsung pada perangkat praktikum simulator AC jenis water chiller (air conditioning water chiller) penunjang pembelajan di Laboratorium Tata Udara Program Studi Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Bali. Pengujian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui lebih dalam tentang pengaruh jumlah pompa chilled water terhadap performansi simulator AC water chiller dalam kegiatan praktikum mahasiswa. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menyimpulkan bahwa semakin besar laju aliran massa air maka ada kecenderungan daya kompresor yang dibutuhkan semakin besar dengan peningkatan daya sebesar 3.47%, sedangkan COP (Coefficient of Performance) yang dihasilkan pada saat menggunakan dua pompa meningkat sebesar 6.25%.
Pemanfaatan Telur Ayam Sebagai Pengganti Darah dalam Mematangkan Telur Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rumbiwati Rumbiwati , Trimuratno Joko
Published: March 2021

Proses pengembangan nyamuk di laboratorium, nyamuk betina memerlukan darah untuk membantu pematangan telurnya karena darah mempunyai sumber protein tinggi yang diperlukan dalam pematangan telur nyamuk. Di laboratorium parasitologi darah segar didapatkan dengan cara laboran menggigitkan tanggannya langsung ke nyamuk. Hal ini sangat beresiko jika nyamuk yang digigitkan pembawa virus. Penelitian ini, menggunakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti selama tiga turunan (F0, F1, F2, F3) dan mencoba menggantikan darah dengan telur ayam sebagai protein dalam membantu proses pematangan telur nyamuk dan analisa data dengan One Way ANOVA.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah telur nyamuk yang menetas dengan pakan telur ayam F0 82,32%, F1 77,62%, F2 86,72%, F3 82,98%. Jumlah telur nyamuk yang menetas dengan pakan darah F0 87,34%, F1 87,71%, F2 90,39%, F3 83,87%. Hasil analisis One Way ANOVA menunjukkan F hitung >F tabel dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara telur nyamuk menetas yang diberi pakan telur ayam dengan telur nyamuk menetas yang diberi pakan darahKesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah selama tiga kali turunan nyamuk dengan pakan telur ayam, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan maupun yang menetas lebih rendah dari nyamuk dengan pakan darah. Telur ayam bisa menjadi alternatif pengganti darah untuk mematangkan telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti dalam sekala laboratorium.
Masalah Kesehatan Mental pada Wanita Hamil Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Arinda Yosi Duwita , Herdayati Milla
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 yang menyebar secara masif menimbulkan banyak manifestasi. Kelompok rentan seperti wanita hamil berisiko mengalami masalah kesehatan psikologis. Pembatasan sosial yang diterapkan menyebabkan kurangnya dukungan sosial bagi wanita hamil.Tujuan: Untuk menelaah masalah kesehatan psikologis selama pandemi COVID-19 serta dampaknya bagi wanita hamil.Metode: Metode dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah tinjauan literatur yang terdapat dalam database jurnal kesehatan yakni Lancet, PubMed, Tandfonline, dan Science Direct. Artikel terpilih berdasarkan free full text, open access, berbahasa Inggris, dan terbit tahun 2020.Hasil: Hasil studi literatur melalui database menemukan 31 artikel di Lancet Global Health, 155 artikel di PubMed, 10 artikel di Tandfonline, dan 73 artikel di Science Direct. Artikel yang relevan dengan topik yakni 30 artikel. Wanita hamil cenderung mengalami peningkatan kecemasan yang dapat mengakibatkan pada gangguan psikologis diantaranya kecemasan, stress, insomnia, depresi ataupun post-traumatic stress disorder. Gangguan kesehatan psikologis selama kehamilan meningkatkan risiko pada janin berupa perkembangan janin yang buruk, kelahiran prematur, ataupun BBLR.Kesimpulan: Wanita hamil menjadi kelompok rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan psikologis. Faktor yang mendasarinya yaitu akses pelayanan kesehatan terbatas, kurangnya dukungan sosial dari berbagai pihak, dan kekhawatiran akan kesehatan dirinya dan janin apabila tertular.
Pengaruh Terapi Bekam terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi: Studi Quasy Eksperimental
Authors: Nuridah Nuridah , Yodang Yodang
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi sebagai penyakit tidak menular saat ini sangat meningkat dan merupakan penyakit pembuluh darah yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kematian mendadak sehingga penyakit ini dikenal sebagai silent killer. Meningkatnya persentase ketidakpatuhan meminum obat hipertensi disebabkan berbagai alasan dan hal ini membuat banyaknya pengobatan non-farmakologi yang bersifat alternatif dan komplementer yang bermunculan, salah satunya adalah terapi bekam.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bekam basah pada penderita hipertensi dalam menurunkan tekanan darah.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperimen dengan pendekatan Control Group Design pre-post test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita hipertensi yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kolaka yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Instrumen dilakukan dengan pengukuran tekanan darah dengan menggunakan alat pengukuran tekanan darah dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji friedman test.Hasil: Setelah dilakukan pembekaman basah selama tiga bulan berturut-turut, tekanan darah sistole dan diastole mengalami penurunan secara signifikan pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 0,000 (p< 0,05) dan kelompok kontrol (p>0,05) sehingga disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan rata-rata tekanan darah pada ketiga interval waktu pengukuran pada kelompok intervensi.Kesimpulan: Terapi bekam memiliki pengaruh dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi.
Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Partisipasi Pemilih Pemula pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019: Studi pada Mahasiswa FISIPOL UGM
Authors: Rizki Putra Tri , Nurcholis Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh media sosial terhadap partisipasi pemilih pemula pada pemilihan presiden 2019 yang difokuskan kepada mahasiswa FISIPOL UGM. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, media sosial semakin masif digunakan sebagai saluran informasi dalam berbagai bidang. Di bidang politik, media sosial memberikan peran yang sangat signifikan terhadap para pemilih, khususnya pemilih pemula pada Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu) 2019. Setiap pasangan calon menyebarkan informasinya lewat media sosial dengan harapan mendapatkan dukungan dan simpati. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan survey online melalui penyebaran google form kepada mahasiswa Fisipol UGM. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori tentang pemilih pemula, Teori Stimulus Organisme Respons (SOR), dan teori tentang partisipasi politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilih pemula aktif mengunakan media sosial dan menjadikan media sosial sebagai sumber informasi utama. Lebih kurang, pemilih pemula adalah pemilih yang paling berpengaruh dalam perebutan suara, khususnya melalui kampanye di media sosial. Pemilih pemula cenderung memilih pasangan yang aktif memberikan informasi lewat media sosial karena dianggap menarik dan mudah dijangkau.
A Contrastive Study on Noun Diminutive Formation in Tafili Spoken Arabic and Jijilian Spoken Arabic
Authors: Qudah Mahmoud , Al-Hanaktah Isra’a Isam , Al-Kaseasbeh Bashar Mohammad
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at contrasting the patterns governing noun diminutive formation between Tafili Spoken Arabic (TSA), a dialect in Jordanian Arabic (JA), and Jijilian Spoken Arabic (JSA), a dialect in Algerian Arabic, and then accounting for that within the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). Throughout the analysis of the collected data, it is found that the diminutive forms in both dialects are based on a change in the phonological processes of a word by insertion, deletion or changing of some phonological segments. However, the present study has disclosed that noun diminutive forms in TSA result from the application of the following phonological processes: vowel epenthesis, vowel shortening, glide insertion, vowel syncope, and the insertion of the glottal stop at the beginning of words. Whereas noun diminutive forms in JSA result from the application of the following phonological processes: vowel syncope, vowel epenthesis, vowel shortening, glide insertion, degemination and metathesis. The application of OT to account for those phonological processes indicates that they happen from a continual conflict between some markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints. The researchers recommend for another study to be applied investigating and contrasting the patterns governing noun diminutive formation between other two dialects by accounting for that within the framework of OT.
CNN Hyperparameter Optimization using Random Grid Coarse-to-fine Search for Face Classification
Authors: Nurhopipah Ade , Larasati Nurriza Amalia
Published: March 2021

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a recently used popular machine learning technique to classify images. However, choosing an optimum and efficient architecture is an inevitable challenge. The research goal was to implement CNN on face classification from low quality CCTV footage. The best model was gained from the hyperparameter optimization process used on CNN structure. The optimized hyperparameters were those connected to the structure network including activation function, the number of kernel, the size of kernel, and the number of nodes on the fully connected layers. Hyperparameter optimization strategy used was random grid coarse-to-fine search optimization approach. This approach combined random search, grid search, and coarse-to-fine technique that was easily and efficiently applied, yet worked well. Exhaustive-random search process was done by evaluating all selected activation functions and choosing another hyperparameters randomly. This was based on the assumption that activation functions were the most related hyperparameter to the model. The SELU activation function used in the next step was the one with the best average performance. Grid coarse-to-fine was conducted to optimize the number of kernel and the number of node on fully connected layer, while grid search was conducted to optimize the kernel size. This process aimed to locate optimal value gradually in hyperparameter which had high-dimensional space. Evaluation of the model resulted from the optimum hyperparameter was 97,56%.
Efektivitas Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Klungkung No.7 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah
Authors: DWIPAYANA ARISKA I KADEK WISNU , Sukadana I Ketut , Sudibya Diah Gayatri
Published: March 2021

In daily activities within the community there must be a lot of garbage, it is a thing that people. In Indonesia itself there are many people who still throw away rubbish randomly, many of them rubbis is not too dangerous they must throw wherever they like, whrereas that are very dangerous the community itself, even though the waste is still very useful especially if it can be managed again into what materials are needed by the community then from ourvselves we must manage waste properly so that the environment around us can be awake and we can live healthy in the environment our daily lives, as a good society
Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Badung Nomor 7 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengaturan Pasar Tradisional di Kabupaten Badung
Authors: GEDE MURDITAYASA I PUTU , Putu Budiartha I Nyoman , Dwi Arini Desak Gde
Published: March 2021

Badung's economic growth over the past five years shows that there is a rate that is always higher than the economic growth of regencies / cities in all provinces of Bali. The Regency Government has made a policy regarding the requirements for the establishment of a business place or shopping center, the provisions for operating time, control and supervision, administrative sanctions stipulated in the Badung District Regulation Number 7 of 2012 concerning Structuring and Guiding Traditional Markets, aimed at stimulating the local community's economy. And facilitating community economic transactions in rural areas. The formulation of the problem is how to implement the revitalization of the Badung District Regulation No. 7 of 2012 concerning the regulation of traditional markets in the Badung Regency and how the obstacles to implementing the Regional Regulation are. This thesis uses the type of empirical legal research by collecting legal data in the form of implementing regional regulations in Badung Regency number 7 of 2012 concerning the regulation of traditional markets. Traditional markets are a place where traders and buyers meet, where trade is carried out by negotiation and bargaining but along with the times often the decline in performance of traditional markets is caused by various factors, where in addition to being caused by modern markets, the decline factor is even more dominant due to weak power competitiveness of entrepreneurs who carry out activities in traditional markets.
Kedudukan Hukum Tanah Adat Pelaba Pura Sebagai Tanah Ulayat di Desa Tampaksiring Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Trisya Andika Ida Bagus Nyoman , Wesna Astara I Wayan , Gede Seputra I Putu
Published: March 2021

Bali as one of the provinces that has a strong custom also has several binding customary laws. The status of ulayat land still lacks legal protection when dealing with development interests. There are still many villagers who do not manage the temple land or in the status of customary land becomes legal before the law. This research was conducted with an empirical approach in Tampaksiring Village, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. The purpose of this study was to determine how the legal position  of  the  pelaba  pura  land  in  Tampaksiring  Village,  Gianyar  Regency. Customary offense is any act or event which seriously disturbs the inner strength of the community, all actions or events which pollute the inner atmosphere, which oppose the sanctity of society, constitute an offense to the community as a whole. The process of settling the land certification of pelaba pura in Tampaksiring Village, Gianyar Regency is by using the sanction of adat offense. Namely by fencing the land according to the results of the paruman tradition that has been implemented. Finally the land was handed back to the temple voluntarily
Asas Unus Testis Nullus Testis dalam Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Anak
Authors: CHITTA DEWI NI MADE YULIA , Laksmi Dewi A.A. Sagung , Suryani Luh Putu
Published: March 2021

Proving a rape crime against children shall have valid evidences. The proof aims to find the truth material in order to prove whether the perpetrator was guilty or not. Even though in  proving a  rape crime, the  judges considered that there is  only one valid testimony from the witness yet the other evidences are not support it, it is clear that it would be considered by the judges which could effected the judge’s decision. There are two issues that will be discussed in this thesis, firstly regarding the unus testis nulus testis principle in rape criminals of children and the proof of rape crime against children by using one witness (unus testis nullus testis). The methods of this research used are normative approach and conceptual approach. The witness’ testimony in the hearing process is the main evidence as the judge’s considerations. In the criminal procedure law, the evidentiary process is required by means of presenting witnesses and by the support of other evidence. Regarding of this rape crime against children, besides using testimony from the witness, it is necessary to support other evidence such as the results of visum et repertum which is useful to prove that a crime has occurred. When there only one valid testimony from the witness, it must be followed by other valid evidence to strengthen the witness’s statement. Therefore, if there is only have one supported witness’s testimony to prove a rape crime against children it could not prove the criminal was occur.
Efektivitas Penertiban Parkir Liar di Kawasan Obyek Wisata Ubud
Authors: Gede Parwata Pande Putu , Ida Ayu Putu Widiati  , I Wayan Artanaya
Published: March 2021

The problem of illegal parking that occurs in the tourist area of ​​Ubud has prompted the Gianyar Regency Government to issue a Gianyar Regent Regulation Number 57 of 2018 concerning the Management and Engineering of Traffic and Road Transportation and Parking in the Ubud Tourism Area. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Gianyar Regent Regulation Number 57 of 2018 concerning the Management and Engineering of Traffic and Road Transportation and Parking in the Ubud Tourism Area and to determine the application of sanctions against illegal parking prohibitions in the Ubud Tourism Object area. This research is an empirical legal research. The approach to the problem used is the sociology of law approach. Based on the results of the study, the parked vehicles are not properly organized due to the lack of parking arrangements that occur in the tourist area of ​​Ubud. The application of sanctions against the prohibition of illegal parking in the tourist area of ​​Ubud is carried out, starting from giving warnings for breaking tires, towing the transportation of violating vehicles to tickets. Thus, law enforcement officers should be more assertive in effectively implementing the prohibition on illegal parking on the shoulder of the Ubud road area. The road user community should be pro-active towards the applicable regulations. People who obey the rules should not only be there when there are traffic officers, but also obey the rules when there is no guard.
Estudo microscópico de páprica (Capsicum annuum L.): detecção de fraudes e matérias estranhas
Authors:   Núcleo de Morfologia e Microscopia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Fernanda de Pauli-Yamada Laís , Iara de Aquino Cinthia ,   Centro de Laboratório Regional de Ribeirão Preto, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, Mendes da Silva Augusta ,   Núcleo de Morfologia e Microscopia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Moraes Marciano Maria Aparecida ,   Núcleo de Morfologia e Microscopia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Cristina de Mattos Elaine ,   Centro de Laboratório Regional de Santo André, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Santo André, SP, Brasil, Dimov Nogueira Márcia ,   Núcleo de Morfologia e Microscopia, Centro de Alimentos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A páprica (Capsicum annuum L.) é um condimento utilizado mundialmente, produzido a partir de diversas variedades de pimentão maduro, seco e moído e está sujeita a adulterações e fraudes, além de contaminações decorrentes de falhas nas boas práticasde produção, armazenamento ou na comercialização. Objetivo: Avaliar a autenticidade e a presença de matérias estranhas em pápricas comercializadas no estado de São Paulo, assim como verificar a sua conformidade em relação à legislação nos parâmetros microscópicos. Método: Foram analisadas 43 amostras de páprica para verificação da autenticidade e para a pesquisa de matérias estranhas, utilizando método preconizado nos Métodos Oficiais da Association of Official Analytical Collaboration International. Resultados: A avaliação da autenticidade evidenciou fraude em 30,0% das amostras. O ingrediente adicionado com maior frequência foi o amido de Zea mays L. (milho), acompanhado principalmente de Bixa orellana L. (urucum). Entre as matérias estranhas detectadas, os fragmentos de pelo de roedor e os fragmentos de insetos foram os mais frequentes, presentes em 91,0% e 79,0% das amostras, respectivamente. As amostras puras apresentaram maior quantidade de fragmentos de pelo de roedor, enquanto as amostras adulteradas, maior quantidade de fragmentos de insetos. Em relação à legislação sanitária, 88,0% das amostras foram consideradas insatisfatórias, destas, 30,0% por estarem adulteradas e 77,0% por apresentarem quantidade de matérias estranhas acima do limite tolerado. Conclusões: Os resultados deste trabalho revelaram fraude e falhas nas boas práticas na cadeia produtiva da páprica, ressaltando a necessidade de intensificação da vigilância desse tipo de produto com vistas à garantia de sua oferta à população de forma fidedigna e segura.
Avaliação da qualidade das máscaras comercializadas no Brasil em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 quanto à presença de prata e de nanopartículas de prata
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Barata-Silva Cristiane , Alves Vicentini-Neto Santos ,   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Duque Magalhães Carolina ,   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, do Couto Jacob Silvana ,   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Costa Moreira Josino ,   Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Maria Gobbo Santos Lisia ,   Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A pandemia COVID-19 causada pelo novo coronavírus é uma doença sem tratamento específico que se tornou um dos grandes desafios do século atual. Uma das alternativas para minimizar a taxa de transmissão direta do vírus é o uso das máscaras faciais. Atualmente, há no mercado uma diversidade de máscaras, tanto na composição têxtil, quanto na presença ou não do elemento prata (Ag), sob a forma de íon ou nanopartículas de prata (AgNP), que possui atividade biocida. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença da Ag total e de AgNP em máscaras produzidas para proteger a população da COVID-19 que estão sendo comercializadas no Brasil durante a pandemia. Método: O desenho utilizado para o estudo foi observacional descritivo do tipo transversal com amostragem por conveniência. As amostras foram analisadas por ICP-MS no modo padrão e no modo single particle. Resultados: As concentrações de prata total nas amostras estudadas apresentaram uma variação de 14–72 μgg-1. Foi observado que 50% das amostras avaliadas que declaram ter AgNP apresentaram uma distribuição de tamanho entre 17–57 nm. Ao serem submetidas aos ciclos de lavagem, verificou-se uma redução na concentração de Ag, a cada novo ciclo, o que levanta o questionamento quanto a sua real efetividade biocida ao longo do tempo. Conclusões: Os dados gerados fornecem o atual cenário da concentração de Ag nas máscaras e, assim, avaliar o potencial benefício ou risco do uso para a saúde humana e ambiental. Além disso, este conhecimento pode dar subsídios técnico-científicos para a fiscalização sanitária do controle de qualidade e a implementação de normas regulatórias nesse ramo de atuação.
El trabajo y la seguridad social en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Vanegas Vásquez Carolina , Jaramillo Marín Ruby Stella
Published: March 2021

En el año 2020, tras la aparición del nuevo coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2 y su declaración como pandemia mundial por la OMS, llegó a varios países, entre ellos a Colombia. Este virus ha traído consecuencias en varios sectores, entre los cuales se destacan el económico y el laboral. En nuestro país, durante el mes de marzo, el Gobierno decretó emergencia económica, social y ecológica en todo el territorio nacional; asimismo, implementó una serie de medidas para aplanar la curva de contagio y se declaró cuarentena para la seguridad de los habitantes. En el presente artículo se expondrán y analizarán los decretos expedidos respecto al área laboral y la manera en que estos han protegido o afectado a miles de empresarios y empleados. Para ello, se implementó la metodología cualitativa. Debido a que solo se permiten realizar actividades laborales que sean de primera necesidad, los trabajadores formales, informales independientes; los pequeños y medianos empresarios; los campesinos y las trabajadoras domésticas se encuentran en una situación de vulneración a sus derechos constitucionales y fundamentales porque los decretos expedidos no los benefician. Antes bien, les han ocasionado problemas económicos por los despidos masivos y por la falta de garantías laborales en tiempos de crisis.
Violencia y contingencia sanitaria por la COVID-19 como apología del estado de excepción permanente en México
Authors: Nateras González Martha Elisa
Published: March 2021

Históricamente, cuando se presenta una crisis que irrumpe y permea en el estado “normal” de las cosas, inevitablemente nos hace reflexionar o cuestionar los cambios que se generan por ese trance, sobre todo si esos ajustes son arbitrarios. Estos procesos emergentes generan incertidumbre, de manera que surgen muchas lecturas entre la sociedad (incluso contradictorias) del sentido que tiene el orden social, económico y político, producto de la coyuntura. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar la relación existente entre la violencia en México, la contingencia sanitaria por la COVID-19 y la instauración de reglas de excepción, para poder explicar cómo funciona el poder hegemónico del Estado mexicano sobre los individuos. En atención a este objetivo se realizó un análisis teórico a partir de los conceptos de estado de excepción, biopolítica y biopoder para explicar, desde una perspectiva crítica, el uso del discurso institucional que justifica el estado de excepción a partir de la violencia histórica y la coyuntural derivada del confinamiento por la COVID-19. El principal hallazgo de este texto es que la biopolítica, en tanto mecanismo discursivo inscrito en el marco jurídico, formaliza las funciones y acciones de las fuerzas armadas en México para mantener la seguridad y el orden ante la violencia y la pandemia; y a través del biopoder justifica su función policial como método efectivo para hacerles frente. No obstante, el uso indiscriminado de las reglas de excepción puede desvanecer la línea entre lo legal e ilegal.
La insuficiencia de las medidas adoptadas para la población privada de la libertad en Colombia con ocasión de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus
Authors: Cruz Palomo Diego Fernando , Jaramillo Marín Ruby Stella
Published: March 2021

A través del presente artículo investigativo se analizan las medidas adoptadas en Colombia en el advenimiento del virus SARS-Cov-2. En virtud de esta circunstancia, se confrontan las medidas adoptadas a través del Decreto 546 del 14 de abril del 2020 con la Constitución nacional y las recomendaciones de organismos internacionales en cuanto a los derechos humanos de la población carcelaria. Se emplea el método descriptivo cuantitativo y con base en documentos emitidos por diferentes organismos de carácter nacional e internacional que han tratado la problemática de la población carcelaria, se confrontan las medidas adoptadas por el Gobierno nacional. Como resultado, efectivamente con la adopción de medidas para contener el brote de la enfermedad del coronavirus se están vulnerando y desconociendo los derechos humanos de la población carcelaria. Finalmente, se proponen medidas efectivas para la población carcelaria, a efectos de que se contenga el brote sin desconocer las garantías constitucionales de esta población.