bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radar Interference Mitigation: A Review
Authors: Roegers Thomas
Published: December 2024

Radar systems are increasingly critical in various applications, from automotive safety to air traffic control and military operations. However, radar interference remains a significant challenge, impacting the reliability and accuracy of radar systems. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of radar interference mitigation techniques, emphasizing their practical applications, advantages, and limitations. Specific examples such as automotive radar experiencing mutual interference in dense traffic or weather radars facing clutter from wind turbines are discussed. We explore classical approaches such as filtering and time-domain gating, alongside advanced methods leveraging machine learning and adaptive signal processing. The discussion synthesizes current research trends and identifies gaps, offering insights for future development in the field.
Geostatistical and Machine Learning Approaches for High-Resolution Mapping of Vaccination Coverage
Authors: Utazi Chigozie , Yankey Ortis , Chaudhuri Somnath , Olowe Iyanuloluwa , Danovaro-Holliday Carolina , Lazar Attila , Tatem Andrew
Published: December 2024

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the production of high-resolution maps of vaccination coverage. These maps have been useful for uncovering geographic inequities in coverage and improving targeting of interventions to reach marginalized populations. Different methodological approaches have been developed for producing these maps using mostly geolocated household survey data and geospatial covariate information. However, it remains unclear how much the predicted coverage maps produced by the various methods differ, and which methods yield more reliable estimates. Here, we explore the predictive performance of these methods and resulting implications for spatial prioritization to fill this gap. Using Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey as a case study, we generate 1x1 km and district level maps of indicators of vaccination coverage using geostatistical, machine learning (ML) and hybrid methods and evaluate predictive performance via cross-validation. Our results show similar predictive performance for five of the seven methods investigated, although two geostatistical approaches are the best methods. The worst-performing methods are two ML approaches. We find marked differences in spatial prioritization using these methods, which could potentially result in missing important underserved populations, although broad similarities exist. Our study can help guide map production for other health and development metrics.
Next-Generation Analogues of AC265347 as Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor: Pharmacological Investigation of Structural Modifications at the Stereogenic Centre
Authors: Dinh Le Vi , Dangerfield Jesse , DeBono Aaron , Keller Andrew N. , Josephs Tracy M. , Gregory Karen J. , Leach Katie , Capuano Ben
Published: December 2024

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a validated therapeutic target in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism and related diseases. The CaSR ago-positive allosteric modulator (PAM), AC265347 (1), exhibits a chemically and pharmacologically unique profile compared to current approved CaSR PAM therapeutics. Herein we report a series of ‘next-generation’ analogues of AC265347 investigating the impact of structural modifications at the stereogenic centre on CaSR PAM activity. Compounds 5 and 7b featuring the alcohol functional group showed ago-PAM profiles comparable to (1), whilst compounds 6, 7, 8 & 9 devoid of this functionality were ‘pure’ PAMs with no intrinsic agonism. These novel chemical tools provide an opportunity to explore the therapeutic potential of AC265367-like PAMs as a function of affinity, cooperativity and intrinsic agonism.
Associated Factors of Work Engagement, Work Overload, Work Satisfaction and Emotional Exhaustion and Their Effect on Healthcare Workers
Authors: Moreno-Martínez Marina , Sánchez-Martínez Iván
Published: December 2024

Background: In today's fast-paced work environment, work engagement is crucial for both organizational success and individual well-being. Objective: To analyse the asso-ciated factors of work engagement, work overload, work satisfaction and emotional ex-haustion and describe their effect on nurses and physicians in the Central Catalonia Health Region during 2023. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire at the Territorial Management of Central Catalonia (Spain). The questionnaire was accessible from 28th November 2022 to 12nd March 2023. The analysis was performed using SPSS software. CHERRIES guidelines were followed for communicating research results. Results: A total of 321 professionals answered the questionnaire, 60.7% of whom were nursing professionals and 39.3% medical profes-sionals. Work overload, work satisfaction and emotional exhaustion were associated with work engagement. Physicians, permanent contracts, irregular work shifts, overtime and salary were related to work overload and emotional exhaustion. Women, salary, aca-demic level and irregular work shifts were related to work satisfaction. There was a gender inequality in work engagement among nursing professionals, to the detriment of men. In terms of class inequality, there was a difference between occupational groups with respect to work overload and emotional exhaustion among women. Conclusions: Organizational practices need to be improved to promote greater engagement and work satisfaction, as well as reducing emotional overload and exhaustion. This may include regulating unpaid overtime and promoting more stable working hours.
Methane – Natural Clay Interfacial Interactions as Revealed by High-Pressure Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Ok Salim , Cole David R. , Sheets Julia M. , Welch Susan A.
Published: December 2024

The present study aims to provide fundamental, molecular- to microscopic-level descriptions of methane gas within natural source clay minerals. Texas montmorillonite (STx-1), Georgia kao-linite (KGa-2), and Ca2+ saturated Texas montmorillonite (Ca-STx-1, Ca-bentonite) were used as subsurface model systems for elucidating nano-confinement behaviors of 13C labeled methane gas. High-pressure Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was utilized to characterize the interactions between methane and the clays by varying temperature and pressure. In the pure state, no significant thermal effect on the behavior of methane was observed. However, there was a perceptible change in the chemical shift position of confined methane in the mixtures with the clays up to 346 K. Conversely, the 13C-NMR chemical shift of methane changed as a func-tion of pressure in a pure state, and the mixtures with clays, attributed to the interaction of me-thane with the clay surfaces or the nanopore network of the clay-silica mixed phase. There was only one 13C-NMR peak of methane in the mixture with either kaolinite (KGa-2) or Ca-bentonite with line-broadening compared to that of pure methane, but two peaks were observed in the mix-ture with STx-1, explained by the imbibition and mobility of methane in the pore network.
Smart, Sustainable, Resilient & Inclusive Cities: Integrating Performance Assessment Indicators Into an Ontology-Oriented Scheme in Support of the Urban Planning Practice
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Maria , Stratigea Anastasia , Kokla Margarita
Published: December 2024

The unprecedented pace of urbanization has been exerting significant strain on cities, raising critical concerns across environmental, economic, social, and technological aspects. In response, the ‘Smart City’ concept has emerged as a novel urban development paradigm, aiming at addressing contemporary urban issues, enhancing cities’ competitiveness and prosperity, and fostering active participation through the strategic utilization of state-of-the-art technologies. However, the smart city term suffers from considerable conceptual ambiguity, thereby provoking intense confusion and misunderstanding among interested parties and leading to the implementation of ineffective initiatives. Moreover, the priorities of sustainability, resilience, and inclusiveness have gained prominence in the urban planning discourse, necessitating a more integrated view that aligns urban targets with performance assessment across various domains. In light of these issues, this study endeavors to clarify the above-mentioned conceptual vagueness by developing a holistic, indicator-oriented smart city ontology. The proposed knowledge representation scheme is intended to serve as a Decision Support Tool that will facilitate policymakers to tackle urban challenges and formulate sound policies. Additionally, it is expected to contribute to the fields of spatial and developmental planning by establishing a standardized framework for assessing and monitoring cities’ performance, while elucidating the complex interrelationships and trade-offs among diverse urban dimensions.
Chromatin Accessibility Contributes to Candida albicans Adaptation to Echinocandins
Authors: Sah Sudisht K. , Yadav Anshuman , Stahl Tyler , Hayes Jeffrey J , Bulger Michael , Rustchenko Elena
Published: December 2024

Infections by the major opportunistic pathogen of human Candida albicans are commonly treated with echinocandin (ECN) drugs. However, C. albicans can adapt to grow in the presence of certain amounts of ECNs. Prior studies by several laboratories have defined multiple genes, as well as mechanisms involving induced aneuploidy, that can govern this. Still, mechanisms of ECN adaptation are not fully understood. Here, we use genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility by ATAC-seq to determine if ECN adaptation is reflected in changes in the chromatin landscape in the absence of aneuploidy. We find that drug adaptation is coupled with multiple changes in chromatin accessibility genome-wide, which occur predominantly in gene promoter regions. Areas of increased accessibilities in promoters are enriched with the binding motifs for at least two types of transcription factors: zipfinger and b-zipfinger. We also find that chromatin changes are often associated with differentially-expressed genes including genes with functions relevant to the ECN-adapted phenotype, such as cell wall biosynthesis. Consistent with this, we find that the cell wall is remodeled in ECN-adapted mutants, with chitin up and glucan down and increased cell surface exposure. Full understanding of ECN adaptation processes is of critical importance for prevention of clinical resistance.
The Effectiveness of Psychological Dhikr Therapy in Improving the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Syahri Alfi , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Marlina Siti , Rosaulina Meta , Manik Maria Hermita , Harigustian Yayang , Pasambo Yourisna , Putra Komang Ardidhana Nugraha
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Cancer is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence globally, including Indonesia, and has a significant impact on patients' quality of life, encompassing physical, emotional and spiritual aspects. By 2022 according to GLOBOCAN, there will be 242,988 cancer deaths in Indonesia, with lung cancer (34,339) being the leading cause, followed by liver, breast, cervical and colorectal cancers. Side effects such as fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression add to the patient's burden, especially during chemotherapy. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of dhikr therapy in improving the quality of life of cancer patients during chemotherapy. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental approach with a one-group pre-post test design. The sample consisted of 37 adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Sembiring General Hospital, selected by purposive sampling technique. Dhikr intervention was conducted for 4 weeks, with data collected using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to measure quality of life, as well as dhikr activity logs. Data analysis used paired t-test to evaluate changes before and after the intervention. Results: This study showed a significant improvement in patients' quality of life after dhikr therapy. The mean change score reached -9.184 with a standard deviation of 4.373, and a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Dhikr therapy is effective in improving the quality of life of cancer patients, especially in the physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions.
Innovative Decontamination Strategies for Ochratoxin-A: Addressing Food Toxicity, Occurrence, and Safety Challenges
Authors: Khan Rahim , Anwar Farooq , Ghazali Farinazleen Mohamad , Mahyudin Nor Ainy , Pak Dek Mohd Sabri , Iqbal Arshad , Qadir Rahman
Published: December 2024

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by filamentous fungi, is a global food safety due to its nephrotoxic effects, high thermal stability, and persistence in food matrices. Its prolonged lifespan and prevalence in cereals and processed food products under favorable storage conditions increase its potential health risks. The extensive exposure of OTA and environmental factors necessitates the development of effective mitigation strategies to protect public health and food security. This review explores OTA's occurrence, toxicity, and health impacts in food systems, highlighting the limitations of conventional decontamination methods. Moreover, it examines innovative strategies like irradiation, cold plasma (CP), adsorbents, ozone (O3), and bacterial and fungal treatments, emphasizing their potential to reduce OTA contamination effectively. These methods are critically evaluated for their efficacy, impact on food safety, nutritional quality preservation, sensory attributes, and overall consumer acceptance. By integrating insights from recent advancements, the review offers a comprehensive understanding of OTA mitigation, promoting the development of sustainable, scalable, and safe decontamination technologies for improved food safety and public health protection.
Photon-Field Interactions: A Relativistic and Quantum Approach
Authors: Shamshiri M. M.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates photon-field interactions by integrating relativistic Maxwell equations with chaotic systems and, provides a novel perspective on effective potentials. This study redefines the dynamics of electric and magnetic fields in the presence of photons by, introducing an effective potential that bridges the kinetic energy term of the Hamiltonian operator with the relativistic framework. By formulating a fourth-order differential equation, the analysis explores the impact of charge density discontinuities and rapid variations on field behavior. Boundary conditions are derived using the Lorenz system, where specific parameter constraints yield quasi- stable solutions. This unified approach sheds light on photon-field coupling, emphasizing its implications for stability, nonlinearity, and the interplay of quantum and relativistic effects. The findings offer a fresh perspective on incorporating chaotic dynamics into field theory, advancing the understanding of photon-mediated interactions in complex systems.
Long Non-coding RNAs: Key Regulators of Tumor Epithelial/Mesenchymal Plasticity and Cancer Stemness
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tang Yun , Fang Zeng , Wen Jian , Wicha Max S. , Luo Ming
Published: December 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules with transcripts longer than 200bp, which were initially thought to be noise from genomic transcription without biological function. However, since the discovery of H19 in 1980 and Xist in 1990, increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs regulate gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels through specific regulatory actions, and are involved in the development of cancer and other diseases. Despite lower abundance of lncRNAs than that of protein-coding genes with less sequence conservation, lncRNAs have become an intense area of RNA research. They exert diverse biological functions such as inducing chromatin remodeling, recruiting the transcriptional machinery, acting as competitive endogenous RNAs for microRNAs, and modulating protein-protein interactions. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process, associated with embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer progression. In the context of oncogenesis, the EMT program is transiently activated and confers migratory/invasive and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties to tumor cells, which are crucial for malignant progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of tumor epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and cancer stemness. Here, we summarize the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating tumor cell EMP and their effects on tumor initiation and progression through regulation of CSCs. We also discuss the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Bridging Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice and Knowledge Utilisation: Leadership Strategies in Acute Care Nursing
Authors: Ominyi Jude , Alabi Adewale
Published: December 2024

Background: The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for improving patient outcomes and healthcare delivery, yet it faces significant challenges in acute care settings due to organisational barriers, resource limitations, and leadership complexities. This study explores how ward managers (WMs) facilitate knowledge utilisation (KU) and promote EBP adoption in these environments. Methods: A longitudinal qualitative case study design was conducted over eight months in two acute care hospitals in the East Midlands, England. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 NMs, nonparticipant observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was used to identify key findings. Results: Six themes emerged: navigating leadership challenges, overcoming organisational and resource barriers, sustaining EBP through learning networks, integrating technology, tailoring EBP to patient-centred care, and providing emotional support for staff. Hybrid leadership strategies, combining directive and collaborative approaches, were critical in addressing barriers, fostering engagement, and embedding EBP into workflows. Mentorship and resource management also played pivotal roles. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for tailored leadership strategies, innovative resource utilisation, and sustainable learning networks to overcome systemic challenges and promote EBP. These findings provide actionable insights for fostering evidence-informed care environments in resource-constrained acute care settings.
Mitochondrial Flux, Biogenesis & Autophagy in the Pathophysiology of Innate Immune System Dysfunction
Authors: Ward Charles
Published: December 2024

Mitochondrial flux, the processes by which the mitochondrial compartment of the cell fuses, fissions and is degraded, underlies a complex spectrum of diseases. Pathological functioning of the innate immune system is underpinned by signalling pathways previously studied for their role reconfiguring cellular metabolic requirements. This review attempts to establish the physiologic state of mitochondrial flux across the cell, explain the process and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagic degradation, before examining how disruption of these processes is intrinsic to a number of disease states. Particular attention is paid to how bioenergetic demands of the tissues are modulated in viral SARS-CoV, hepatitis B & C infection and asthma.
Relapse After Rehabilitation Among Substance Use Disorder: A Literature Review Analysis by Philosophy
Authors: Lestari Dhian Ririn , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Yusuf Ah.
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSubstance use disorder is a global problem concern. Substance use disorders have a negative impact on individuals, family and societies. Many interventions have been carried out to overcome addiction. Rehabilitation is one of the measures to eliminate drug addiction, but relapse conditions are still high in drug users. Various recent studies explain factor causes drug use addiction and relapse substance use after rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to analyze factor contribution for relapse substance use disorder after rehabilitation.MethodThis study is a type of literature review research related to relapse substance use disorder obtained from databases: Sciencedirect, SAGE, Proquest, Scopus with keywords and booleans: "relapse prevention" AND group AND "substance use disorder", "self awareness" AND "substance use disorder", "self regulation" AND relapse AND "substance use disorder", "locus of control" AND relapse AND "substance use disorder". The articles in this review are limited to English - language articles from 2019-2024. PRISMA guidelines are used as a reference protocol and literature review evaluation. ResultThe results of the search found 11 articles that have been carried out by Literature Review with PICOS analysis, there are several factors that cause drug use disorders to become relapses, including internal and external risk factors, type of stimulant narcotic substances that have been used. The existence of risk factors and the protection obtained are categorized into three main domains: individual, family, and community factors.ConclusionThe high recurrence rate in drug user disorders is influenced by factors that exist in individual users and external factors that influence drug users to become relapses after the rehabilitation period. Further studies and alternative specific interventions are needed to inhibit the factors that cause drug user disorder relapse and strengthening protection factors so that they can remain in a healthy condition and abstain from using drugs after the rehabilitation period.
Design of the New Dual-Polarized Broadband Phased Array Feed Antenna for the Sardinia Radio Telescope
Authors: Maxia Paolo , Casula Giovanni Andrea , Navarrini Alessando , Pisanu Tonino , Valente Giuseppe , Muntoni Giacomo , Montisci Giogio
Published: December 2024

High-sensitivity and large-scale surveys are essential in advancing radio astronomy, enabling detailed exploration of the universe. A Phased Array Feed (PAF) installed in the focal plane of a radio telescope significantly enhances mapping efficiency by increasing the instantaneous Field of View (FoV) and improving sky sampling capabilities. This paper presents the design and optimization of a novel C-Band PAF antenna for the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT). The system features an 8×8 array of dual-polarized elements optimized to achieve a uniform beam pattern and an edge taper of approximately 5 dB for single radiating elements within the 3.0–7.7 GHz frequency range. The proposed PAF antenna addresses key efficiency limitations identified in the PHAROS 2 system, including the under-illumination of the SRT's primary mirror caused by narrow sub-array radiation patterns. By expanding the operational bandwidth and refining the radiation characteristics, this new design enables significantly improved performance across the broader frequency range of 3.0–7.7 GHz, enhancing the telescope’s capability for wide-field, high-resolution observations.
A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Human Resource Management: Integrating Ecological and Inclusive Perspectives
Authors: Soekotjo Sundari , Sosidah Sosidah , Kuswanto Hary , Setyadi Antonius , Pawirosumarto Suharno
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study proposes a conceptual model integrating ecological and inclusive perspectives within sustainable human resource management (SHRM). It aims to bridge gaps in the literature and offer actionable strategies for organizations to align HR practices with sustainability goals. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review synthesizes Green HRM practices and diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles. The framework is built around three dimensions: ecological sustainability, social inclusivity, and integrated sustainability. Findings: The model demonstrates the synergies between ecological and inclusive practices in SHRM. It shows how Green HRM and DEI enhance employee engagement, organizational resilience, and sustainability performance. It highlights opportunities for organizations to align HR strategies with global sustainability standards, such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Practical Implications: The framework provides a roadmap for organizations to implement sustainability initiatives, including eco-friendly recruitment, inclusive green training, and equitable work policies. Addressing environmental and social goals simultaneously improves organizational performance and employee well-being. Originality/Value: This research introduces a novel framework integrating ecological and inclusive dimensions into SHRM. It serves as a foundation for future empirical research and provides practitioners with strategies to achieve comprehensive sustainability outcomes.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Thermal Durability in Porosity-controlled Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Pyeon Janghyeok , Kang Kyung-Moo , Kim Bong-Gu , Lee Jeonghyeon , Baek Sohee , Yang SeungCheol , Jung Yeon-Gil , Song Dowon , Yang Byungil
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of thermal durability in multilayer yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with porosity-controlled structures. Conventional single-layer YSZ and multilayer TBCs with dense- and porous-layers were fabricated by air plasma spraying and the TBC specimens were conducted to furnace cyclic testing. The single-layer TBC suffer from catastrophic delamination under cyclic thermal loading, driven by the mismatch in thermal expansion, while multilayer TBCs exhibited significant increase in thermal durability by up to 50%. Relevant delamination mechanism was suggested with microstructural analysis, showing the multilayer structure effectively relived residual stresses by forming horizontal cracks, thereby mitigating crack propagation. This study emphasizes that the multilayer design in TBC with controlled porosity significantly enhances thermal durability, improving the operational lifespan of gas turbine hot components.
A new approach to Olivier sequences
Authors: Akkus Hakan , Özkan Engin
Published: December 2024

In this study, we define the k-Olivier, k-Olivier-Lucas, and Modified k-Olivier sequences and give some terms of these sequences. Then, we obtain the generating functions, summation formulas, etc. Also, we obtain the Binet formulas in three different ways. The first is in the known classical way, the second is with the help of the sequence's generating functions, and the third is with the help of the matrices. In addition, the relations between the terms of the k-Olivier, k-Olivier-Lucas, Modified k-Olivier, third-order Fibonacci-Pell, Adjusted Pell-Padovan, Olivier, Olivier-Lucas, Modified Olivier, third-order Lucas-Pell, Pell-Padovan, and Pell-Perrin sequences are presented. Finally, we associate the terms of these sequences with matrices.
Application of Biofertilizers and Types of Planting Media on the Growth of Seedlings from True Shallot Seeds
Authors: Utama Putra , Astuti Risma Ayu , Sodiq Abdul Hasyim , Firnia Dewi
Published: December 2024

Superior seed quality is one of the keys to success in growing shallots. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the concentration of biofertilizers and types of planting media on the growth of shallot seed origin of True Shallot Seeds (TSS) in the nursery. This research used a split-plot design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the concentration of biofertilizers, and the second factor is the type of planting medium. The results showed that the application of biofertilizers increased the growth of the shallot seed origin of TSS than without the application of biofertilizers. The application of biofertilizer at 1.5 mL.L-1 water gave the best results regarding the number of leaves per seedling and fresh weight. However, treatment with different concentrations of biofertilizers made no significant difference; treatment with concentrations of 1 mL.L-1 water was more efficient for the growth of shallot seeds. The type of planting media treatment did not significantly affect all parameters observed for the growth of shallot seed origin of TSS. There is an interaction between the concentration of biofertilizers and the type of planting media on the growth of shallot seed origin of TSS, namely the number of leaves aged 5 weeks after seedling, while for other parameters, there is no interaction between the concentration of biofertilizers and the type of planting medium on the growth of shallot seed origin of TSS.
Pupuk Organik Cair plus Urine Kambing terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai Edamame Organik
Authors: Santoso Untung , Saputra Riza Adrianoor , Septiana Noni
Published: December 2024

The development of edamame soybeans is quite promising. Since edamame soybeans are an export commodity, increasing edamame soybean production can support domestic and international markets. Cultivating edamame soybeans has obstacles in every production process. The soil fertility level is the main factor in increasing the production of edamame soybean cultivation, but using soil chemicals is one of the causes of decreased fertility. The solution to these obstacles is to use organic fertilizer from waste materials, one of which is liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from goat urine. This study aims to determine the effect of LOF+ goat urine on the growth and yield of organic edamame soybeans and the best concentration of LOF+ goat urine on the growth and yield of organic edamame soybeans. The research used a randomized block design (RBD) and five treatment levels of LOF+ goat urine: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%, with five repetitions to obtain 25 experimental units. The research showed that treatment LOF 5% (equivalent to 50 mL LOF+ in 950 mL water) was the best treatment for increasing edamame plant height by 23.03%, number of leaves by 12.59%, and number of fresh pods by 17.29%, weight of fresh pods 41.05%, and production of as much as 41% can increase the growth and yield of edamame soybeans.
Reliability assessment of the thyristor module of high-voltage hybrid switchgears in reservation conditions
Authors: Zhorniak Liudmyla , Afanasiev Alexej , Schus Vitaliy , Levchenko Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

In the article, the authors proposed a methodology for evaluating the main indicators of the operational reliability of a high-voltage thyristor module, which is an element of electric power equipment, using the example of the design of such electrical devices as hybrid switches and converters in the structure of traction substations, power supply systems of metallurgical complexes, etc. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the prob-ability of failure-free operation of the real design of the thyristor module, taking into account its design and implementation scheme, as well as the level and depth of redundancy of the semiconductor devices included in it. As initial data, the proposed method involves the use of electrical load parameters in terms of voltage and current and their redistribution as the reserve resource is exhausted, taking into account the design features of both the electrical device itself and the power supply network where it is located. is established. The proposed method makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the influence of design factors (the number of semiconductor devices, the principle and depth of redundancy, the economic component, etc.) on the main indicators of the operational reliability of the corresponding types of high-voltage equipment, taking into account the electrical load and its changes. The proposed method was tested on the example of a real scheme of the thyristor module of the on-load tap-changer switching device, which was in industrial operation for a long time in the most unfavourable conditions in the power supply structure of the metallurgical industry, where there is high switching frequency, load fluctuations, etc. The implementation of this technique in the conditions of designing high-voltage switching and converting electrical equipment, as well as its operation in the power supply structure, allows to evaluate the influence of the structural features of the semiconductor part, taking into account the load mode, as well as the influence of external and operational factors. A more accurate determination of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for predicting operational reliability indicators depending on the mode and depth of the load and the type of backup system can be achieved by conducting an additional series of experimental tests on the choice of the type of theoretical system. distribution law and determination of its parameters for specific designs of electrical devices. Thus, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using the obtained results to evaluate the parameters of the operational reliability of the above-mentioned high-voltage equipment, which is used as part of switchgear and power supply systems in both high and low voltage conditions.
Efecto antibacteriano de los extractos acuosos y etanólicos de Psidium guajava frente a Escherichia coli betalactamasa de espectro extendido
Authors:   , Castro Mercado Alondra Yamilet
Published: December 2024

Introducción: Escherichia coli (E. coli) es un bacilo Gram negativo, es uno de los agentes más frecuentes que se presenta en los procesos infecciosos nosocomiales, reconocido por la capacidad de poder generar resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos. En los años noventa se reconoció la multidrogo-resistencia de E. coli, estuvo condicionada por la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), este tiene un patrón de multirresistencia que infiere una dificultad terapéutica. Ante ello nació la necesidad de evaluar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto etanólico y acuoso del Psidium guajava (P. guajava), planta con alta actividad antimicrobiana, siendo originaria de Perú facilitará el acceso a esta. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos antibacterianos de los extractos acuoso y etanólico de P. guajava de las regiones de Madre de Dios y Cusco frente a E. coli betalactamasa de espectro extendido. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo experimental con hojas de P. guajava recolectadas de los departamentos de Cusco, provincia de Convención y departamento de Madre de Dios, provincia de Tambopata, de las cuales se obtuvo los extractos etanólicos y acuosos, se utilizó las concentraciones de 100 mg/mL y 10 mg/mL frente al grupo control la “E. coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 8739” y 23 E. coli BLEE. Resultados: No se obtuvo halos de inhibición para los dos tipos de extractos de los dos departamentos considerados, lo cual determinó que las cepas E. coli BLEE no fueron sensibles a las diferentes concentraciones expuestas. Conclusiones: En el estudio se pudxo evidenciar que no existió un efecto antimicrobiano alguno de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de 100 mg /mL y 10 mg /mL de las hojas de P. guajava frente a la E. coli BLEE.
WITHDRAWN: Bibliometric Review of Studies on COVID-19 and Medicine
Authors: Demir Ahmet Turan
Published: December 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Microbial diversity of high-elevated fumarole fields - low-biomass communities on the boundary between ice and fire
Authors: Shevchenko Alla , Ursalov Gleb , Eromasova Natalya , Shelyakin Pavel , Gelfand Mikhail , Tutukina Maria , Abramov Andrey , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana , Rivkina Elizaveta
Published: December 2024

Fumarole fields on active volcanoes are habitats that host unique microbial ecosystems. However, DNA extraction from them for further analysis is rather challenging. In this study, we compared two different ways of sample homogenization for DNA extraction to further profile the microbial communities of active fumarolic fields from Elbrus and Ushkovsky volcanoes and the frozen fumarole deposits of Fujiyama. Vertical homogeniser gave significantly higher DNA concentrations for the Elbrus samples, and more archaeal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for Elbrus and Ushkovsky samples compared to the horizontal one. This suggests that vertical homogeniser might be preferable for DNA extraction from sandy and rocky soils. Independent of the homogenizer type, the dominant phyla for Elbrus were Acidobacteriota and Pseudomonadota, and Crenarchaeota for Ushkovsky. The bacterial community of Fuji was less diverse, with Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota and Bacillota being the dominant phyla. Thus, the studied fumaroles showed distinct microbial profiles, revealing unique adaptations to their respective extreme environments. Within the fungal community, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota were the most dominant phyla for all three volcanoes, but their abundance varied. This study offers the first comprehensive analysis of microbial and fungal communities of active and frozen fumarolic fields, and demonstrates that the choice of methodology can significantly influence the understanding of microbial diversity in extreme environments.
Selective impairment and a positive recognition bias of the facial emotion recognition after propofol anesthesia during gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Sun Zhuonan , Lan Qiong , Zhang Hua , Zheng Lijing , Liu Qingao , Zuo Haoyu , Feng Yu , Xiao Yusen , Yang Ning , Jia Xixi , Song Yanan , Liu Yajie , Han Dengyang , Qu Yinyin , Zhang Jing , Wang Ye , Li Zhengqian , Guo Xiangyang , Liu taotao
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Propofol may induce emotional impairment like euphoria and elation. Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional impairment can injure social cognition like emotion recognition and decision-making abilities. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the effects of propofol anesthesia on facial emotion recognition (FER) and delay discounting behavior.
Method: Patients underwent diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy (GI) with propofol anesthesia in this prospective cohort observational study. Prior to and following the procedure, patients were asked to select the word that best describes the presented facial photographs displaying happiness, anger, and neutral expressions. Additionally, Monetary Choice Questionnaire-9 was used to assess delay discounting.
Results: Within a cohort of 87 patients, propofol anesthesia selectively decreased the mean score and accuracy of FER of anger and neutral post-GI. The FER of anger exhibited significant differences between pre- and post-GI, considering both the correct and incorrect recognition. There was a positive identification bias for FER after propofol anesthesia: mistaking anger or neutral expression for happiness. Procedures in the morning and no insomnia were associated with the decreased FER score of anger post-GI. The result didn't indicate any impairment of propofol anesthesia on FER of happiness or delay discounting behavior.
Conclusions: Our results emphasize the need for increased attention to the potential social cognition impairment of propofol anesthesia. They offer novel insights into postoperative cognitive dysfunction and potentially shed light on the pharmacological mechanisms of propofol.
Trial registration: the study was preregistered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration date July 3rd, 2023; registry number ChiCTR2300073132, see https://www.chictr.org.cn/ showproj.html?proj=199458), before first patient was enrolled.
Prediction of success of slings in female stress incontinence, statistical and AI modeling
Authors: Abdelrasheed Ahmed , Taha Mohammed , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Mohamed Bassam , Saber Alaa , Badawi Ahmed , Wadie Bassem
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Studies on predicting the outcome of sling surgery are limited. Most depend on analysis of multiple confounding factors using regression models. However, their prediction results are limited. In this study, we tested a statistical regression model and an AI model for the prediction of the outcome of mid-urethral sling.
Methods: Data were collected from 151 patients who underwent MUS surgery in our center from 2002 to 2022 and confounding factors that affect the outcome of the surgery at a minimum of one year. The study was divided into two phases. Phase I included the construction of a prediction model using binomial logistic regression. In phase II, we applied an AI preferences (Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial neural network (ANN) trying to obtain better predictions.
Results: Phase I: The logistic regression model predicted the outcome of surgery with overall accuracy of 90.7% and positive predictive value of 61.5% [X2 (11) = 46.24, P < 0.001].
Phase II: The data of the patients were entered as 10 features; 9 were predictors and the 10th was the output. The output comprised 18 cases designated as ‘failure’ and 133 as ‘success’ output. The best model performance-wise was the (SVM) with 92% accuracy and 96% F1-score, which meets the industrial standards for predictive models. However, ANN produced 90% accuracy and 94% F1-score. However, our sample size is small
Conclusion: Prediction of the outcome of MUS surgery was achieved using different modalities with the best prediction of the outcome obtained by SVM method.
Surface Visualization of a Bacterial Biofilm using Scanning Helium Microscopy
Authors: Jeinsen Nick A. , Ward David J. , Bergin Matthew , Lambrick Sam M. , Williamson David M. , Dawson Lisa F. , Wren Brendan W. , Brown Katherine A. , Dastoor Paul C.
Published: December 2024

The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) is an emerging technology that uses a beam of neutral helium atoms to form images with extreme surface sensitivity and non-destructive qualities. Here, we present the first application of SHeM to image bacterial biofilms. We demonstrate that SHeM uniquely and natively visualizes the outermost surface of extracellular polymeric substance in the absence of contrast agents and dyes and without inducing radiative damage.
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for depression in community-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using machine learning techniques
Authors: Chen Yong , Yu Yonglin , Yang Dongmei , Chen Xiaoju
Published: December 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition that presents a significant health challenge. Research suggests that individuals with COPD frequently experience symptoms of depression. Despite this association, there is a marked lack of reliable predictive models that can accurately forecast the likelihood of depression in community-dwelling COPD patients. This study aims to develop an innovative predictive model utilizing machine learning techniques to effectively anticipate the risk of depression in individuals with COPD living in the community.
Methods: The research utilized data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database to examine clinical information from a sample of 809 COPD patients residing in the community. The analysis involved the application of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictive factors. Furthermore, various machine learning (ML) classification models were employed, with the most optimal model being determined and assessed. Additionally, a personalized risk assessment tool using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was developed for interpreting the findings.
Result: The study identified six key indicators of depression in community-based COPD patients. These included Self_assessed_health, Sleeping_time_at_night, Memory_disease, Gender, ADL_ score, and Age. Logistic classification model was the optimal model, test set area under curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval, CI):0.713 (0.648-0.778).
Conclusions:The model constructed in this study has relatively reliable predictive performance, which helps clinical doctors identify high-risk populations of community COPD patients prone to depression at an early stage.
BullySense: A Approach for Campus Bullying Detection Leveraging LLava Foundation Model
Authors: Gong Houming , Li Tao , Chen Cong , Lu Wei , Qu Wei , Du Ruiqi
Published: December 2024

Campus bullying has become a significant social issue, with profound impacts on the mental and physical well-being of students. Timely and effective detection is crucial for addressing this problem. To tackle these challenges, this study introduces BullySense, a campus bullying detection model built on the vision language model (VLM) framework. Utilizing the pre-trained LLaVA-1.5 model, BullySense is fine-tuned with a curated dataset of bullying and normal campus activity images, employing Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to enhance task-specific performance. Experimental results show that BullySense outperforms traditional models, achieving precision of 0.982 and F1 scores of 0.977. While challenges remain, such as handling low-quality images and extending to multimodal data, this work demonstrates the potential of AI for improving campus safety and lays the groundwork for future advancements.
A short investigation: the demographic data of pharmacogenomics testing results for asian pediatric perioperative drugs
Authors: Veterini Anna Surgean , Santoso Kohar H. , Bakti Retti K. , Firdaus Khildan M. , Semedi Bambang P. , Apriani Evhy
Published: December 2024

Background: Post-operative pain management for pediatric patients is generally suboptimum. With pediatric patients, anesthesiologists are challenged to evaluate whether the administered dosage is appropriate and precisely predict potential side effects from administered drugs. This is imperative as genetics also serves a pivotal role in determining individual’s responses to drugs.
Methods: Paediatric patients aged 1 to 12 years who underwent surgery and received anaesthesia were offered to participate in the study. Participants received pharmacogenomic testing so that anaesthesiologist could determine the safety and effectiveness of the drugs given. The genes investigated included CACNA1S and RYR1; COMT; CYP2C19; CYP2C9; CYP2D6; G6PD and OPRM1. Both descriptive and analytical analysis were performed to investigate if certain genotype and phenotype were associated with dosage of analgesic drugs.
Results: Of 22 participants, all were reported to be having “Uncertain Susceptibility” to malignant hyperthermia based on CACNA1S and RYR1. Most participants were COMT Rs4680 GG (n=16, 72.7%), CYP2C19 *1/*1 (n=9, 40.9%), CYP2C9 *1/*1 (n=20, 90.9%), CYP2D6 *1/*10 (n=8, 36.4%), B (Wildtype)/B (Wildtype) of G6PD (n=21, 95.4%) and OPRM1 Rs1799971GG (n=11, 50.0%).
Conclusions: The distribution results of genotype and phenotype examinations indicate that normal metabolizers for the CYP2C9, CYP2D, and OPRM1 genes account for less than 50% of the total samples. In contrast, more than 50% of the G6PD phenotypes fall into the normal metabolizer category. For CACNA1S and RYR1, all subjects are classified under uncertain susceptibility. Interestingly, for the COMT gene, more than 50% of the phenotypes exhibit high activity.