bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WeChat and civil society in China
Authors: Tu Fangjing
Published: September 2016

As the most widely used social media platform in China, WeChat has penetrated into daily life and has broad implications for the development of civil society. This article assesses the impact of WeChat in three aspects. The small closed networks on WeChat provide a comfortable space for discussions and cultivate a series of alternative public spheres. In addition, it promotes online debates and popular protests in spite of strengthened Internet censorship. Finally, WeChat creates new ways for ordinary people to be associated with one another and to build solidarity. Apart from these positive implications, this article also emphasizes the unstable character of WeChat. Since WeChat is a platform where market, state, and civil society merge and compete, WeChat can be used to facilitate civil society as well as to constitute obstacles for it.
An exploratory analysis of social media use and the structure of young people’s public affairs participation in China
Authors: Huang Peiying , Lee Francis LF , Lin Gongcheng
Published: September 2016

This study focuses on the impact of social media use on young adults’ public affairs participation on the issues of environment, education, and politics in China. It is interested in not only levels of participation but also the structure of participation, especially the degree to which young adults’ public affairs participation is issue-specific. Analysis of a representative survey of university students ( N = 897) in Guangzhou, China, shows that, generally speaking, online and offline participation on the three issues are explained by different sets of factors. Social media communication concerning public affairs is a strong predictor of online participation related to political issues, but it does not predict the other participation variables. Connection with public actors via social media, meanwhile, consistently predicts participation on different issues both online and offline. Moreover, time spent on social media is a consistent and significant predictor of degree of issue specificity of young people’s participation. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Understanding inequality in China
Authors: Xie Yu
Published: September 2016

Drawing on past research, including my own, I set forth the following propositions: (1) inequality in China has been generated and maintained by structural collective mechanisms, such as regions and work units; (2) traditional Chinese political ideology has promoted merit-based inequality, with merit being perceived as functional in improving the collective welfare for ordinary people; and (3) many Chinese people today regard inequality as an inevitable consequence of economic development. Thus, it seems unlikely that social inequality alone would lead to political and social unrest in today’s China.
Paradox in marriage values and behavior in contemporary China
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean , Hu Shu
Published: September 2016

Despite a rapidly growing body of literature on marriage behaviors in China, we know very little about the changes or continuities of marriage values that accompany or underlie these behavioral transformations. Using nationally representative samples from the 2006, 2010, 2012, and 2013 Chinese General Social Surveys (CGSS), we investigate the patterns and determinants of marriage values across birth cohorts of men and women. Analyses reveal an increase in acceptance of premarital sex, same-gender sex and cohabitation across birth cohorts, but little change in attitudes toward singlehood and out-of-wedlock childbearing, and a slight decline in approval of divorce. Educational attainment and exposure to Western values, measured by Internet usage and English proficiency, are positively related to approval of premarital sex, cohabitation, and same-gender sex, but have no effect on acceptance of out-of-wedlock childbearing. Moreover, attitudes toward premarital sex and cohabitation show a widened gender gap across birth cohorts, with men showing a greater increase in acceptance than women. The results suggest that the Chinese marriage institution has had a unique pattern of evolution that is distinct from that of marriage in Western society. Desire for the traditional cultural ideal of forming and continuing a family has been unwavering, leading to early and nearly universal marriage. At the same time, longing for increased personal freedom and individualized property rights has weakened the marriage institution in China as manifested in increasing rates of divorce and marital infidelity. We discuss the paradox seen in marriage values and behavior resulting from the influence of state regulations, traditional ideologies, and Westernization.
Small Intestinal Glucose Delivery Affects the Lowering of Blood Glucose by Acute Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wu Tongzhi , Zhang Xiang , Trahair Laurence G. , Bound Michelle J. , Little Tanya J. , Deacon Carolyn F. , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. , Rayner Christopher K.
Published: September 2016

Context:

The rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and may influence the magnitude of glucose lowering by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (VILD), during intraduodenal (ID) glucose infusion at 2 different rates within the physiological range of gastric emptying, in type 2 diabetes.

Participants and Design:

A total of 16 diet-controlled type 2 diabetic patients were studied on 4 separate days in double-blind, randomized, fashion. On each day, either 5-mg VILD or placebo (PLBO) was given 60 minutes before a 120-minute ID glucose infusion at 2 or 4 kcal/min (ID2 or ID4). Plasma glucose and hormones were measured frequently.

Results:

Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, total GIP, and total and intact GLP-1 concentrations were higher during ID4 than ID2 (P < .01 for each). Compared with PLBO, VILD was associated with higher intact GLP-1, insulin, and C-peptide and lower glucose and total GIP and GLP-1 (P < .01 for each), without affecting glucagon. There were significant interactions between the rate of ID glucose and VILD treatment on plasma glucose, intact and total GLP-1, and GIP (P < .05 for each) but not insulin, C-peptide, or glucagon. The reduction in glucose and the increment in intact GLP-1 after VILD vs PLBO were 3.3- and 3.8-fold greater, respectively, during ID4 compared with ID2.

Conclusions/Interpretation:

These observations warrant further study to clarify whether type 2 diabetic patients with relatively more rapid gastric emptying have greater glucose lowering during treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.
The Environmental Humanities and the Futures of the Human
Authors: Heise Ursula K.
Published: September 2016

The environmental humanities have emerged over the last decade as a new interdisciplinary matrix that connects environmentally oriented research in the humanities and qualitative social sciences. This new area of research defines ecological issues as social and cultural rather than scientific and technological. In the process, controversies have emerged around the concept of the Anthropocene, whose emphasis on the planetary agency of the human species conflicts with Marxist analyses of socioeconomic inequality and with posthumanist approaches that question the exceptionality of the human subject. The project of the environmental humanities emerges from the critique of dominant natural science concepts combined with the creative effort to shape new stories beyond environmental decline narratives, including speculative and utopian stories, that can engage a wider public in shaping the future.
On Human Involution: Posthumanist Anthropology and the Question of Ecology in the Work of Hans Blumenberg and Niklas Luhmann
Authors: Bergthaller Hannes
Published: September 2016

Scholars in the environmental humanities frequently argue that a clear understanding of humanity's ecological embeddedness is sufficient to dismantle the anthropocentric biases of traditional humanism. Following Hans Blumenberg's interpretation of the Copernican turn, this article argues that the proponents of this view fail to recognize that the desire to overcome anthropocentrism was central to Enlightenment thought. Like the latter, ecological posthumanism accords itself cognitive privileges that presuppose a successful distantiation of the world. According to Blumenberg's anthropology, the need to turn away from the world in order to engage with it is a distinctly human trait. However, second-order cybernetics and Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory offer ways to conceptualize this “involution” as a general feature of living things, whose relative autonomy is predicated on the possibility of operational closure.
On the Meaning of Eudemonic Arguments for a Deep Anthropocentric Environmental Ethics
Authors: Ott Konrad
Published: September 2016

There are three broad categories of values in environmental ethics: instrumental, inherent moral, and eudemonistic. While instrumental values refer to ways humans are reliant on nature, inherent moral values give natural beings direct moral standing. Eudemonic values can pave the way to a “deep” anthropo-related approach. The article substantiates this claim in six steps. First, it criticizes the dichotomy between instrumental and inherent values. Second, eudemonic values are grounded in the phenomenological concept of experience. It is argued that experiences must be articulated through language. Third, eudemonic values are traced back to Goethean and Romantic traditions. Fourth, the scope of eudemonic values is opened. Fifth, the paradigm example of experiencing natural beauty is presented. Sixth, the gap between phenomenology, eudemonic values, and morals is addressed. In respect to morals, eudemonic values refer to Immanuel Kant's notion of “humanity within personhood.”
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE DOMESTIC FILM INDUSTRY
Authors: Спивакова Карина , Spivakova Karina , Аракелян Артур , Arakelyan Artur
Published: September 2016

The formation of scientifically grounded approaches to improve the management of the film industry needs to analyze the contemporary state of film industry in order to identify its most important problems and untapped opportunities for further dynamic and effective development. The analysis of the status and trends of Russian cinema-business development, the peculiarities of its historical development and study of logic interdependent processes are relevant prerequisites for solving the problem of forming of risk management system of project im- plementation; because in many cases these risks are caused by the specificity of Russian cinema and features of its functioning. The article is devoted to the analysis of the contemporary state of the domestic film industry based on which it is possible to make the conclusion about the need to improve management. The author analyzes the main economic indicators of the industry and describes the main development trends and their positive and negative features. The author studies thoroughly such indicators as dynamics of film distribution in the Russian film market, divided into the percentage of domestic and foreign films, attendance of cinemas in Russia, the number of cinemas and particular cinema hall in the country, takings of the Russian and foreign film projects, the production facilities of film studios, etc. A detailed analysis of the statistical data for the last 10 years allows the author to make the main conclusion about the origin of real prerequisites for the formation and development of scientifically based management systems in general and risk management system in particular in the production of Russian film projects.
Restructuring Charges, FAS 146, and the Accrual Anomaly
Authors: Bhojraj Sanjeev , Sengupta Partha , Zhang Suning
Published: September 2016

In this study, we examine the role of restructuring charges in the existence and subsequent weakening of the widely documented accrual anomaly. We find that prior to 2003, the significant positive abnormal hedge returns experienced by accrual based strategies were influenced by a subset of firms with high restructuring charges. After 2003, with the introduction of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146 changing the accounting for restructuring charges, restructuring firms no longer experience significant abnormal returns, thereby weakening the accrual anomaly. Our results suggest that the regulatory changes have had an effect on impairing the role of restructuring charges in the accrual anomaly by improving the market’s ability to correctly assess the valuation implications of restructuring charges in the low accruals portfolios.

This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Content as Community Regulator: The Recursive Relationship Between Consumption and Contribution in Open Collaboration Communities
Authors: Kane Gerald C. , Ransbotham Sam
Published: September 2016

Companies increasingly rely on open collaboration communities to create knowledge and organize work. Open collaboration communities are unique in that every consumer of the content created by the community is also a potential contributor. We show that consumption and contribution in open collaboration communities positively reinforce each other, but that the state of the content regulates that feedback loop. As content becomes more developed, it attracts more consumers, but these consumers are less likely to become future contributors. We exploit the abundant data available in our research setting to investigate the heterogeneity in these factors across different types of open collaboration communities. Our results have implications for both researchers and practitioners by suggesting that the feedback between consumption and contribution in an open collaboration community changes over its life span, that the productive life span of these communities may be finite, and that the type and state of the content the community creates may partly determine that life span.
Risk perception and management in development philanthropy
Authors: Sargeant Adrian , Shang Jen
Published: September 2016

For the research on which this article is based, twenty philanthropists, who devoted personal wealth in excess of $5 million to create social innovation in order to care for their beneficiaries, were studied in Decoding the Discipline (DtD) interviews. In this article, we contribute to the substantive psychology and management theories on risk in the domain of international development philanthropy by delineating the process by which the philanthropists overcame five major barriers in managing this high risk: (a) defining risks, (b) evaluating their severity, (c) how to decide when to shift mindset, (d) coping with negative emotions and (e) optimising the value that their life experience offers their philanthropy.
O Antifeminismo e o questionar do género no limiar dos séculos XIX-XX. Dos argumentos teóricos e epistemológicos à prática social
Authors: Marques Gabriela Mota
Published: September 2016

Os paradigmas e as representações social e moralmente convencionadas para as mulheres distanciam-se dos seus verdadeiros comportamentos e atributos tidos como transgressores da norma, dando origem a ideias, a [pre]conceitos e a imagens nem sempre favoráveis sobre ser feminino, do mesmo modo que colocam em causa os papéis de género. É esse o território propício para o antifeminismo associado à oposição ao feminismo e às intenções de emancipação e de reivindicação de direitos, mas também às interpretações, aos estereótipos e às tradições enraizadas sobre a natureza imperfeita e a inferioridade femininas.
Os receios e as desconfianças face à atuação da mulher, ao seu pretenso poder e a uma possível inversão sexual de funções ou o próprio desconhecimento sobre o universo feminino estão presentes no modo de pensar e de atuar da sociedade. De igual forma traduzem os diferentes níveis e a expressividade que o antifeminismo assume e que são reflexo da influência da igreja, da ciência e de ideologias na preservação dos poderes e valores instituídos, bem como na definição das funções e dos lugares sociais do género.
Vocación Cartográfica de un Militar Profesional; Coello de Portugal
Authors: Cuesta Domingo Mariano
Published: September 2016

Este articulo comienza por mostrar el origen portugués del personaje y, siguiendo una línea la biográfica -filogenética y ontogenética- muestra a un Francisco Coello de Portugal como militar profesional acreditado y mostrando, también, una clara vocación de geógrafo y cartógrafo. La producción de cartografia en la que participó activamente le dieron gran prestigio y, prestigiosas instituciones pidieron su colaboración; todas le abrieron sus puertas.
Fragmentos de pergaminho na Torre do Tombo: um inventário possível (1315-1683)
Authors: Pinto Pedro
Published: September 2016

Os fragmentos de pergaminho medievais e modernos foram desprezados e ignorados por séculos e só começam a ser revalorizados a partir do século XX, fruto de iniciativas individuais de investigadores. Este trabalho descreve o que tem sido feito em Portugal neste campo e apresenta um inventário detalhado de 108 fragmentos portugueses encontrados na Torre do Tombo.
"Não destruas por causa da comida a obra de Deus" Restrições e recomendações alimentares na legislação sinodal portuguesa (séculos XIV a XVI)
Authors: Cândido Guida da Silva
Published: September 2016

Após uma introdução sobre Sínodos - descrição, objetivos e intervenientes - e as celebrações no nosso território durante a época medieval, procura-se, com base na análise de fontes documentais de natureza eclesiástica, mais concretamente através de um conjunto de nove sínodos realizados entre os séculos XIV e XVI, avaliar o papel da alimentação - e suas manifestações - no quotidiano da sociedade medieval. Distinguem-se as restrições e recomendações alimentares dirigidas ao clero e aos leigos e, de entre estes, aos cristãos e aos cristãos em convívio com judeus e mouros. A análise à legislação sinodal permite aferir sobre a incontornável relevância, prestígio e transcendência dos alimentos durante a Idade Média e dos aspetos determinantes na conduta da Igreja Católica face ao reconhecimento da alimentação enquanto sinal de poder.
Cultura material e diplomacia eclesiástica. As relações e a troca de presentes entre o bispo-conde de Coimbra D. Afonso de Castelo Branco e a corte papal (1590-1615)
Authors: Marques Cátia Teles e
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo constitui uma aproximação ao tema da cultura material associado à diplomacia praticada pelo clero português, partindo do estudo de caso de D. Afonso de Castelo Branco, bispo-conde de Coimbra. Tomando por fonte principal a correspondência conservada no Archivio Segreto Vaticano, estudam-se as redes clientelares de D. Afonso em Roma, esclarecendo quem eram os seus agentes e contactos e os destinatários das suas ofertas. Seguidamente, identificam-se e caracterizam-se os artigos seleccionados por D. Afonso de Castelo Branco para oferecer aos papas e cardeais - pedras bezoar, contas de calambuco, porcelanas e luvas de âmbar. Por último, é dada atenção aos mecanismos de consumo e estratégias diplomáticas de D. Afonso de Castelo Branco, reflectindo sobre a finalidade do seu investimento.
Biomass production and nitrogen balance of naturally afforested silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stand in Estonia
Authors: Aosaar Jürgen , Mander Ülo , Varik Mats , Becker Hardo , Morozov Gunnar , Maddison Martin , Uri Veiko
Published: September 2016

Silver birch ( Roth.) is one of the main pioneer tree species occupying large areas of abandoned agricultural lands under natural succession in Estonia. We estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) dynamics during 17 growing seasons, and analysed soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) dynamics for 10 year period in a silver birch stand growing on former arable land. Main N fluxes were estimated and nitrogen budget for 10-year-old stand was compiled. The leafless AGB and stem mass of the stand at the age of 17-years were 94 and 76Â MgÂ ha respectively. The current annual increment (CAI) of stemwood fluctuated, peaking at 10 Mg ha yr at the age of 15 years; the mean annual increment (MAI) fluctuated at around 4â5 Mg ha. The annual leaf mass of the stand stabilised at around 3 Mg ha yr. The stand density decreased from 11600 to 2700 trees ha in the 8- and 17-year-old stand, respectively. The largest fluxes in N budget were net nitrogen mineralization and gaseous N-N emission. The estimated fluxes of NO and N were 0.12 and 83 kg ha yr, respectively; N leaching was negligible. Nitrogen retranslocation from senescing leaves was approximately 45 kg ha, N was mainly retranslocated into stembark. The N content in the upper 0â10 cm soil layer increased significantly (145 kg ha) from 2004 to 2014; soil C content remained stable. Both the woody biomass dynamics and the N cycling of the stand witness the potential for bioenergetics of such ecosystems.Betula pendulaâ1â1â1â1â1â1â1222â1â1â1â1
Benefits of domperidone in ambulatory acute diarrhea with severe vomiting
Authors: O. Irene A. , Bakri Achirul , Bahar Erial , Ismail Rusdi
Published: September 2016

Background Recently, most patients with diarrheal disease (DD)cases are hospitalized not due to severe dehydration, but due tosevere vomiting which interferes with fluid and food intake. Useof anti-vomiting medicines is not recommended because of its“central” side effects. Domperidone has prokinetic and antiemeticeffects with only minimal extrapyramidal side effects.Objective To evaluate domperidone in preventing hospitalizationof DD patients in outpatient setting.Methods This randomized double blind, placebo-controlledclinical trial, was conducted from February to August 2005 atMohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. We included patientsaged 6 to 59 months old with acute diarrhea who had vomited atleast 4 times in the last 24 hours, not in need of hospitalization,and agreed to participate. We excluded patients who had takenanti-vomiting drug, or those who had severe diseases, includingsevere malnutrition. The dose of domperidone was 1.25 mg per 5kg body weight.Results There were 183 subjects randomized, consisted of 91 whotook domperidone (treatment group) and 92 who took placebo(control group). The duration and decrease of vomiting frequencywere significantly different in favor of domperidone. Domperidoneprevented hospitalization significantly (P=0.001, OR=4.1, ARR= 20%, RRR=71%, NNT=5). No overt acute clinical side effectswere found.Conclusion Domperidone significantly shortened the duration anddecreased the frequency of vomiting in DD cases.
Enuresis profile in 6-7 year-old children at five elementary schools in Sario district, Manado
Authors: Umboh Adrian , Malonda Astrid A. , Sudjono T. A.
Published: September 2016

Background Enuresis is inappropriate urination by a child whohas reached an age which bladder control is expected. The etiologyis unknown, but some factors influence it.Objective To identify enuresis profiles in 6-7 year-old children.Methods It was a descriptive prospective study at five elementaryschools in Sario district Manado from May to September 2005.Data were obtained by questionnaires.Results Out of 63 children with enuresis, 67% aged 6 years, 57%were male, 37% had enuresis more than 4 times a month, 64%had enuresis more than 8 times a day. No one had complaint ofurinary tract infection. Most cases (70%) had enuresis since birth,51% of cases got toilet training at the age of 3-4 years old. Noneof enuretic children had divorced parents. Nocturnal enuresisoccurred in 81% of cases, 54% of cases had 4 family members,30% of cases had family history of enuresis.Conclusions Enuresis in 6-7 year old children is most commonlyseen in boys. Enuresis mostly happens for more than 4 times in amonth with urination more than 8 times a day. There is nocomplaint of urinary tract infection. Most of the cases haveenuresis during nighttime. Toilet training starts by the age 3-4years old. Most cases had enuresis since birth. They came from afamily with 4 family members, and in most situation no familyhistory of enuresis is found.
Benefits of gum arabic supplementation to oral rehydration solution in managing acute diarrhea
Authors: Salwan Hasri , Isnada Isnada , Bakri Achirul , Ismail Rusdi , Bahar Erial
Published: September 2016

Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been provensuccessfully to overcome dehydration in diarrhea. The improvementof the effectiveness of ORS is still needed to overcome some failures.Gum Arabic (GA), an indigestable starch, can enhance ORSabsorption in mice with diarrhea. It is worthy to explore its benefitsin human. Since GA is non toxic to human being, it is regardedethical to conduct effectiveness study directly in clinical setting.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of GA supplementationto ORS in managing inpatients diarrheal cases .Methods A double blind clinical trial was conducted during Marchto September 2004 in the Department of Child Health of M. HoesinHospital, Palembang. The subjects were randomly enrolled to GA-ORS (GA) group or ORS (SO) group. Indirect measurements wereconducted on ORS absorptive enhancement by evaluating theduration of diarrhea after hospitalization, frequency of defecationduring hospitalization, ORS consumption during hospitalization,and time laps of stool consistency conversion. The effectivenessanalysis was controlled for confounders.Results Supplementation of 0.5 gram GA to 200 ml ORS could decreasethe duration of diarrhoea 15.65 hours (P=0.000) during hospitalisation,frequency of defecation during hospitalization 1.171 times/days(P=0.002), ORS consumption 38.39 ml/kg BW (P=0.029), time ofstool consistency to become semisolid 15.84 hours (P=0.000), andbecome solid 14.45 hours (P=0.002). Vomiting during hospitalizationand aged group of 6-11 months were significant confounder. However,after controlling the outcome with these confounding factors, thebenefits of GA supplementation were still significant.Conclusions GA supplementation to ORS significantly shortenthe duration of diarrhea, decreases the frequency of defecation,consumption of ORS, time of stool consistency to becomesemisolid and solid in inpatients diarrheal cases.
The influence of socioeconomic status and birth weight on blood pressure of Indonesian pre-pubertal children
Authors: Julia Madarina , Van Weissenburch M M , De Waal HA Delemarrevan , Surjono Achmad
Published: September 2016

Background It has been shown that elevated blood pressure (BP)in childhood contributes to the development of coronary arterydisease, cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, and renal failurein adults. There is also evidence of some correlations betweenchildhood BP and BP in adulthood. Obesity as well as low birthweight are a risk factors for elevated BP, both in children and inadults. Most epidemiological studies have also shown arelationship between high BP and socioeconomic status (SES).Objective To assess the influence of socioeconomic status andbirth weight on blood pressure of school-aged prepubertal childrenliving in Indonesia.Methods A cross-sectional survey on 2922 school-agedprepubertal children from the rural, poorurban and nonpoor urbancommunities was performed. Data on age, sex, stature, BMI, birthweight, systolic and diastolic BP were collected from all children.Results Overall and within every socioeconomic status group,blood pressures were positively associated with stature and bodymass index (BMI). Children from poor-socioeconomic families,i.e. rural and poor urban, had significantly lower height and BMI,and hence, in the unadjusted analyses, poor socioeconomic statuswas associated with lower systolic and diastolic BP. However, afteradjustment for age, sex, stature and BMI, rural children were foundto have significantly higher systolic BP compared to nonpoor urbanchildren, with regression coefficient (95% CI) of 1.19(0.42 to1.96). Birth weight was not associated with blood pressure inchildhood.Conclusion This study indicated that for a given stature and BMI,poor children had a higher systolic BP
The duration of playing Play Station@ as a risk factor of obesity in school age children in Yogyakarta
Authors: Yulian Ely , Paryanto Endy , Hapsara Sunartini
Published: September 2016

Background Childhood obesity is a common health problem.There are multi-factors causing childhood obesity. One of themis lack of activity like watching television, playing computer, andplaying Play Station@ .Objective The aim of this study was to find the duration ofplaying Play Station@ as a risk factor of obesity in school agechildren.Methods This study was a case–control study with individualmatching, that was done since April 2004 until August 2004.Results Children who spent time for playing Play Station@ morethan two hours per day had the risk of obesity 22 times higherthan those who spent less than two hours per day with 95%confidence interval. These results were analyzed with chi squaretest.Conclusion Playing Play Station@ is a risk factor of obesity inschool age children.
KONVERSI AGAMA DAN FORMASI IDENTITAS: Tionghoa Muslim Kudus Pasca-Indonesia Orde Baru
Authors: Amaruli Rabith Jihan , Utama Mahendra Pudji
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses about religion conversion and assimilation dillema in Kudus Chinese Moslem. As a reality there is no guarantee that the assimilation will be finish with the conversion of Chinese to the Islam. Hopefully, the understanding about plurality (kebhinekaan) will be a strong fundament in the cultural integration. This study found that the Chinese choose Islam, especially in post-New Order, caused by two main motivations coming from itself and environment. The relationship of post-conversion of Chinese muslim, made at a crossroad. On the one hand, the Chinese muslim still considered strange to some native communities. The still come under suspicion only purely politically and economically, while on the other hand their proximity to the government and the muslim community make them “shunned”by the Chinese people.
REFLEKSI PARADIGMA ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL
Authors: Tjahyadi Sindung
Published: September 2016

This article discusses about a paradigm shift in the social sciences based on "the history of science" perspective. The key question is how the recent development of the discourse about the paradigms of the social sciences. The paradigmatic and methodological development forward directed through a post-empirical approach to the exclusion of desire unification cause or structure as the objective theory of social action, and develop a multi-theoretical paradigms on the basis of variations in the structure that can be applied to the various regions and types of action. Furthermore, elaborated further needed is to develop methodological pluralism and theoretical unification in the social sciences are expected to confirm the two sides of the comprehensive-pluralistic approach in the philosophy of social sciences. The main thing about the legitimacy of the methodology underlying the study is to examine the criteria on what should have knowledge of it. Finally, that the dimensions of "ontological" social science should be "liberated" from the illusion of objectivism
G-SQL
Authors: Ma Hongbin , Shao Bin , Xiao Yanghua , Chen Liang Jeff , Wang Haixun
Published: September 2016

A lot of real-life data are of graph nature. However, it is not until recently that business begins to exploit data's connectedness for business insights. On the other hand, RDBMSs are a mature technology for data management, but they are not for graph processing. Take graph traversal, a common graph operation for example, it heavily relies on a graph primitive that accesses a given node's neighborhood. We need to join tables following foreign keys to access the nodes in the neighborhood if an RDBMS is used to manage graph data. Graph exploration is a fundamental building block of many graph algorithms. But this simple operation is costly due to a large volume of I/O caused by the massive amount of table joins. In this paper, we present G-SQL, our effort toward the integration of a RDBMS and a native in-memory graph processing engine. G-SQL leverages the fast graph exploration capability provided by the graph engine to answer multi-way join queries. Meanwhile, it uses RDBMSs to provide mature data management functionalities, such as reliable data storage and additional data access methods. Specifically, G-SQL is a SQL dialect augmented with graph exploration functionalities and it dispatches query tasks to the in-memory graph engine and its underlying RDMBS. The G-SQL runtime coordinates the two query processors via a unified cost model to ensure the entire query is processed efficiently. Experimental results show that our approach greatly expands capabilities of RDBMs and delivers exceptional performance for SQL-graph hybrid queries.
Measuring and optimizing distributed array programs
Authors: Zhang Mingxing , Wu Yongwei , Chen Kang , Ma Teng , Zheng Weimin
Published: September 2016

Nowadays, there is a rising trend of building array-based distributed computing frameworks, which are suitable for implementing many machine learning and data mining algorithms. However, most of these frameworks only execute each primitive in an isolated manner and in the exact order defined by programmers, which implies a huge space for optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel array-based programming model, named K
asen
, which distinguishes itself from models in the existing literature by defining a strict computation and communication model. This model makes it easy to analyze programs' behavior and measure their performance, with which we design a corresponding optimizer that can automatically apply high-level optimizations to the original programs written by programmers. According to our evaluation, the optimizer of K
asen
can achieve a significant reduction on memory read/write, buffer allocation and network traffic, which leads to a speedup up to 5.82x.
Interactive browsing and navigation in relational databases
Authors: Kahng Minsuk , Navathe Shamkant B. , Stasko John T. , Chau Duen Horng Polo
Published: September 2016

Although researchers have devoted considerable attention to helping database users formulate queries, many users still find it challenging to specify queries that involve joining tables. To help users construct join queries for exploring relational databases, we propose
ETable
, a novel presentation data model that provides users with a presentation-level interactive view. This view compactly presents one-to-many and many-to-many relationships within a single enriched table by allowing a cell to contain a set of
entity references
. Users can directly interact with this enriched table to incrementally construct complex queries and navigate databases on a conceptual entity-relationship level. In a user study, participants performed a range of database querying tasks faster with
ETable
than with a commercial graphical query builder. Subjective feedback about
ETable
was also positive. All participants found that
ETable
was easier to learn and helpful for exploring databases.
Cheap data analytics using cold storage devices
Authors: Borovica-Gajić Renata , Appuswamy Raja , Ailamaki Anastasia
Published: September 2016

Enterprise databases use storage tiering to lower capital and operational expenses. In such a setting, data waterfalls from an SSD-based high-performance tier when it is "hot" (frequently accessed) to a disk-based capacity tier and finally to a tape-based archival tier when "cold" (rarely accessed). To address the unprecedented growth in the amount of cold data, hardware vendors introduced new devices named
Cold Storage Devices (CSD)
explicitly targeted at cold data workloads. With access latencies in tens of seconds and cost/GB as low as $0.01/GB/month, CSD provide a middle ground between the low-latency (ms), high-cost, HDD-based
capacity
tier, and high-latency (min to h), low-cost, tape-based,
archival
tier.

Driven by the price/performance aspect of CSD, this paper makes a case for using CSD as a replacement for both capacity and archival tiers of enterprise databases. Although CSD offer major cost savings, we show that current database systems can suffer from severe performance drop when CSD are used as a replacement for HDD due to the mismatch between design assumptions made by the query execution engine and actual storage characteristics of the CSD. We then build a CSD-driven query execution framework, called Skipper, that modifies both the database execution engine and CSD scheduling algorithms to be aware of each other. Using results from our implementation of the architecture based on PostgreSQL and OpenStack Swift, we show that Skipper is capable of completely masking the high latency overhead of CSD, thereby opening up CSD for wider adoption as a storage tier for cheap data analytics over cold data.
Parallel local graph clustering
Authors: Shun Julian , Roosta-Khorasani Farbod , Fountoulakis Kimon , Mahoney Michael W.
Published: September 2016

Graph clustering has many important applications in computing, but due to growing sizes of graph, even traditionally fast clustering methods such as spectral partitioning can be computationally expensive for real-world graphs of interest. Motivated partly by this, so-called local algorithms for graph clustering have received significant interest due to the fact that they can find good clusters in a graph with work proportional to the size of the cluster rather than that of the entire graph. This feature has proven to be crucial in making such graph clustering and many of its downstream applications efficient in practice. While local clustering algorithms are already faster than traditional algorithms that touch the entire graph, they are sequential and there is an opportunity to make them even more efficient via parallelization. In this paper, we show how to parallelize many of these algorithms in the shared-memory multicore setting, and we analyze the parallel complexity of these algorithms. We present comprehensive experiments on large-scale graphs showing that our parallel algorithms achieve good parallel speedups on a modern multicore machine, thus significantly speeding up the analysis of local graph clusters in the very large-scale setting.
Online minimum matching in real-time spatial data
Authors: Tong Yongxin , She Jieying , Ding Bolin , Chen Lei , Wo Tianyu , Xu Ke
Published: September 2016

Recently, with the development of mobile Internet and smartphones, the online minimum bipartite matching in real time spatial data (OMBM) problem becomes popular. Specifically, given a set of service providers with specific locations and a set of users who dynamically appear one by one, the OMBM problem is to find a maximum-cardinality matching with minimum total distance following that once a user appears, s/he must be immediately matched to an unmatched service provider, which cannot be revoked, before subsequent users arrive. To address this problem, existing studies mainly focus on analyzing the worst-case competitive ratios of the proposed online algorithms, but study on the performance of the algorithms in practice is absent. In this paper, we present a comprehensive experimental comparison of the representative algorithms of the OMBM problem. Particularly, we observe a surprising result that the simple and efficient greedy algorithm, which has been considered as the worst due to its exponential worst-case competitive ratio, is significantly more effective than other algorithms. We investigate the results and further show that the competitive ratio of the worst case of the greedy algorithm is actually just a constant, 3.195, in the average-case analysis. We try to clarify a 25-year misunderstanding towards the greedy algorithm and justify that the greedy algorithm is not bad at all. Finally, we provide a uniform implementation for all the algorithms of the OMBM problem and clarify their strengths and weaknesses, which can guide practitioners to select appropriate algorithms for various scenarios.
Dynamic influence analysis in evolving networks
Authors: Ohsaka Naoto , Akiba Takuya , Yoshida Yuichi , Kawarabayashi Ken-ichi
Published: September 2016

We propose the first real-time fully-dynamic index data structure designed for influence analysis on evolving networks. With this aim, we carefully redesign the data structure of the state-of-the-art sketching method introduced by Borgs
et al.
, and construct corresponding update algorithms. Using this index, we present algorithms for two kinds of queries,
influence estimation
and
influence maximization
, which are strongly motivated by practical applications, such as viral marketing. We provide a thorough theoretical analysis, which guarantees the non-degeneracy of the solution accuracy after an arbitrary number of updates. Furthermore, we introduce a
reachability-tree-based technique
and a
skipping method
, which greatly reduce the time consumption required for edge/vertex deletions and vertex additions, respectively, and
counter-based random number generators
, which improve the space efficiency.

Experimental evaluations using real dynamic networks with tens of millions of edges demonstrate the efficiency, scalability, and accuracy of our proposed indexing scheme. Specifically, it can reflect a graph modification within a time of several orders of magnitude smaller than that required to reconstruct an index from scratch, estimate the influence spread of a vertex set accurately within a millisecond, and select highly influential vertices at least ten times faster than state-of-the-art static algorithms.
On measuring the lattice of commonalities among several linked datasets
Authors: Mountantonakis Michalis , Tzitzikas Yannis
Published: September 2016

A big number of datasets has been published according to the principles of Linked Data and this number keeps increasing. Although the ultimate objective is linking and integration, it is not currently evident how
connected
the current LOD cloud is. Measurements (and indexes) that involve more than two datasets are not available although they are important: (a) for obtaining
complete information
about one particular URI (or set of URIs) with provenance (b) for aiding
dataset discovery
and
selection
, (c) for
assessing the connectivity
between any set of datasets for quality checking and for monitoring their evolution over time, (d) for constructing
visualizations
that provide more informative overviews. Since it would be prohibitively expensive to perform all these measurements in a naïve way, in this paper we introduce indexes (and their construction algorithms) that can speedup such tasks. In brief, we introduce (i) a namespace-based prefix index, (ii) a sameAs catalog for computing the symmetric and transitive closure of the owl:sameAs relationships encountered in the datasets, (iii) a semantics-aware element index (that exploits the aforementioned indexes), and finally (iv) two lattice-based incremental algorithms for speeding up the computation of the intersection of URIs of any set of datasets. We discuss the speedup obtained by the introduced indexes and algorithms through comparative results and finally we report measurements about connectivity of the LOD cloud that have never been carried out so far.
Oblivious RAM
Authors: Chang Zhao , Xie Dong , Li Feifei
Published: September 2016

Many companies choose the cloud as their data and IT infrastructure platform. The remote access of the data brings the issue of trust. Despite the use of strong encryption schemes, adversaries can still learn valuable information regarding encrypted data by observing the data access patterns. To that end, one can hide the access patterns, which may leak sensitive information, using Oblivious RAMs (ORAMs). Numerous works have proposed different ORAM constructions, but they have never been thoroughly compared against and tested on large databases. There are also no open source implementation of these schemes.

These limitations make it difficult for researchers and practitioners to choose and adopt a suitable ORAM for their applications. To address this issue, we provide a thorough study over several practical ORAM constructions, and implement them under the same library. We perform extensive experiments to provide insights into their performance characteristics with respect to efficiency, scalability, and communication cost.
Teaching an RDBMS about ontological constraints
Authors: Bursztyn Damian , Goasdoué François , Manolescu Ioana
Published: September 2016

In the presence of an ontology, query answers must reflect not only data explicitly present in the database, but also implicit data, which holds due to the ontology, even though it is not present in the database. A large and useful set of ontology languages enjoys FOL
reducibility of query answering
: answering a query can be reduced to evaluating a certain first-order logic (FOL) formula (obtained from the query and ontology) against only the explicit facts.

We present a
novel query optimization framework for ontology-based data access settings enjoying
FOL
reducibility
. Our framework is based on searching within a set of alternative equivalent FOL queries, i.e., FOL reformulations, one with minimal evaluation cost when evaluated through a relational database system. We apply this framework to the DL-Lite

R

Description Logic underpinning the W3C's OWL2 QL ontology language, and demonstrate through experiments its performance benefits when two leading SQL systems, one open-source and one commercial, are used for evaluating the FOL query reformulations.
BLAST
Authors: Simonini Giovanni , Bergamaschi Sonia , Jagadish H. V.
Published: September 2016

Identifying records that refer to the same entity is a fundamental step for data integration. Since it is prohibitively expensive to compare every pair of records, blocking techniques are typically employed to reduce the complexity of this task. These techniques partition records into blocks and limit the comparison to records co-occurring in a block. Generally, to deal with highly heterogeneous and noisy data (e.g. semi-structured data of the Web), these techniques rely on redundancy to reduce the chance of missing matches.

Meta-blocking is the task of restructuring blocks generated by redundancy-based blocking techniques, removing superfluous comparisons. Existing meta-blocking approaches rely exclusively on schema-agnostic features.

In this paper, we demonstrate how "loose" schema information (i.e., statistics collected directly from the data) can be exploited to enhance the quality of the blocks in a holistic
loosely schema-aware
(meta-)blocking approach that can be used to speed up your favorite Entity Resolution algorithm. We call it B
last
(Blocking with Loosely-Aware Schema Techniques). We show how B
last
can automatically extract this loose information by adopting a LSH-based step for efficiently scaling to large datasets. We experimentally demonstrate, on real-world datasets, how B
last
outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised meta-blocking approaches, and, in many cases, also the supervised one.
Identity Slips: The Autobiographical Register in the Work of Chantal Akerman
Authors: Lebow Alisa
Published: September 2016

Chantal Akerman's last film, No Home Movie (2015), deftly distills the filmmaker's key tropes—borders, exile, duration, waiting, transience, Jewishness, home—but none more so than the trope of the mother. Akerman often said that all of her work was autobiographical, even down to where to put the camera and how to frame the scene. This article explores some of her most explicitly autobiographical works (including Letters from Home [1976], Bordering on Fiction: D'Est [1995], Chantal Akerman par Chantal Akerman [1997], Selfportrait / Autobiography: a work in progress [1998], Là-bas [2006], and No Home Movie) to trace the increasingly apparent identity slippages between the filmmaker and her mother. Going well beyond the role of mother as muse, Akerman's films reveal a merger of identification with the mother so profound that her death can be seen to have signaled not only the end of the daughter's filmmaking but potentially of her life as well.