bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morfoanatomía del tallo con crecimiento secundario de especies de Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) nativas de la Región Chaqueña Argentina y su relación con el ambiente
Authors: Mansilla Valeria , Malbrán Barros Alejandra , Cabrera Verónica A. , Matesevach Marisa
Published: April 2021

Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) is a morphologically diverse genus with pantropical distribution. It includes 180 species growing worldwide and has a broad range of uses: medicinal, ornamental and biodiesel production. In Argentina there are ten native species, distributed from the north to the center of the country, and one adventitious. However, the morphoanatomy of the native species of Jatropha is scarcely known, and so far, no anatomical studies of the stem with secondary growth have been performed in any of the native species. In this work, we analyzed the anatomy of the stem with secondary growth of three native species: J. excisa, J. hieronymi and J. macrocarpa, considering aspects related to the arid environment in which plants live, to provide information that it is useful for their conservation and possible sustainable use. Woody branches of each species were collected and fixed to perform temporary histological preparations of transverse and longitudinal sections of stems. We described their morphoanatomy under a light microscope. The following variables were analyzed: xylem area/total area of the stem, number of vessels per mm2, vessel diameter and length of conductive elements. Indices were obtained to assess the drought vulnerability, the plant mesomorphy degree and to determine vessel clustering. The stems analyzed have several anatomical characters that are typical of plants that inhabit xerophytic environments, and that favor their development despite the scarce rainfall and high temperatures, including: suber and phelodermis with thickened cell walls; inner cortex with various cell layers; presence of chollenchyma; presence of chlorenchyma; ergastic substances in the cortex, vascular tissues and medullary parenchyma (latex, crystals and starch granules); short, narrow, numerous and grouped xylem vessels. The evaluated indexes suggest that the three taxa have a safe and efficient conduction system for water movement, being J. macrocarpa the most drougth resistant. This study provides novel information about these three species of biological, industrial, and economic importance, which are potential sources for biodiesel production.
Analysis of the Wiener filters application to the spectral fluctuation patterns segmentation
Authors: Melinda Melinda , Elizar Elizar , Yunidar Yunidar , Irhamsyah Muhammad
Published: April 2021

The Wiener filter is an adaptive filter which able to produce the desired estimates. Besides, this filter can also suppress noise in digital signal processing. This study aims to segment the fluctuation pattern, which results from data acquisition from a capacitive sensor with the object H2O. The fluctuation pattern to be processed is the High Fluctuation (HF) pattern by dividing the pattern into several segments according to the input frequency. It aims to see in more detail and clearly the state of each segmentation of the pattern. The results will show noise attenuation and suppression after filtering with a Wiener filter. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value will also be analyzed, which shows that the signal quality is getting better after applying the Wiener filter. Then, the analysis of the Mean Square Error (MSE) results can provide more consistent results with a smaller average error.
Modelling of Quadratic-Surface Sludge Digesters by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) – Finite Element (FE) Methods
Authors: Tota-Maharaj Kiran , Nounu Ghassan , Ramroop Navin
Published: April 2021

The quadric-surfaced sludge digester (QSD), also known as the egg-shaped sludge digester, has proven its advantages over traditional cylindrical digesters recently. A reduction in operational cost is the dominant factor. Its shell can be described as a revolution of a parabola with the apex and base being either tapered or spherical. This shape provides a surface free of discontinuities, which is advantageous regarding the efficiency during mixing. Since the shape does not produce areas of inactive fluid motion within the tank, sludge settlement and an eventual grit build-up are avoided. The stresses developed in the shell of the sludge digester, vary along the meridian and equatorial diameters. A non-dimensional parameter, ξ, defines the height-to-diameter aspect ratio which is used to delineate the parametric boundary conditions of the shell’s surface. Three groups of analyses were conducted to determine the orthogonal stresses in the shell of the QSD. The first-principles numerical models ran reasonably quickly, and many simulations were made during the study. The results showed that they were in within the range 5.34% to 7.2% to 2D FEA results. The 3D FEA simulation results were within the range of 8.3% to 9.2% to those from the MATLAB time-history models. This is a good indicator that the first principles numerical models are an excellent time-saving method to predict the behaviour of the QSD under seismic excitation. Upon examining the criteria for the design, analysing the results for the 2D FEA simulations showed that the fill height is not a significant variable with sloshing however the 3D FEA showed that the hydrostatic pressure is a significant variable. With the maximum tensile stress of the 3D-printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-a common thermoplastic polymer typically used for injection molding applications, being 24.4 MPa, the overall maximum stress of 5.45 MPa, the material can be a viable option for the use of QSD construction in small island developing states (SIDS).
A Bayesian mixture model for changepoint estimation using ordinal predictors
Authors: Roberts Emily , Zhao Lili
Published: April 2021

In regression models, predictor variables with inherent ordering, such ECOG performance status or novel biomarker expression levels, are commonly seen in medical settings. Statistically, it may be difficult to determine the functional form of an ordinal predictor variable. Often, such a variable is dichotomized based on whether it is above or below a certain cutoff. Other methods conveniently treat the ordinal predictor as a continuous variable and assume a linear relationship with the outcome. However, arbitrarily choosing a method may lead to inaccurate inference and treatment. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian mixture model to consider both dichotomous and linear forms for the variable. This allows for simultaneous assessment of the appropriate form of the predictor in regression models by considering the presence of a changepoint through the lens of a threshold detection problem. This method is applicable to continuous, binary, and survival outcomes, and it is easily amenable to penalized regression. We evaluated the proposed method using simulation studies and apply it to two real datasets. We provide JAGS code for easy implementation.
Time Is Running. Ancient Greek Chronography and the Ancient Near East
Authors: Kellner Angelika
Published: April 2021

The article explores the question whether there was a possible dialogue between ancient Greek and Mesopotamian chronography. This is an interesting albeit challenging subject due to the fragmentary preservation of the Greek texts. The idea that cuneiform tablets might have influenced the development of the genre in Greece lingers in the background without having been the subject of detailed discussion. Notably the Neo-Assyrianlimmulist has been suggested as a possible blueprint for the Athenian archon list. In order to examine this topic further, a thorough analysis of ancient Greek chronography starting in the second half of the fifth century BC, when eponymous dates in various literary compositions begin to appear, is required. A close examination of the fragmentary evidence shows how difficult it is to trace the supposed annalistic style in the local histories of Athens (Atthides). In the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the eponymouslimmuofficials served as the chronological backbone, but there remains a huge time gap between the seventh century cuneiform manuscripts and the Athenian archon list from the fifth century. A comparison of the Neo-Assyrian Eponymous Chronicles with the preserved Greek chronographic traditions in Eusebius’ chronicle (fourth century AD) shows that the similarity is mainly confined to an abbreviated style, as the entries clearly point to the different cultural and political settings. Apart from the Neo-Assyrian sources, the Neo- and Late-Babylonian chronicles deserve further attention in the present inquiry. Looking for a connection with ancient Greek chronography in the fifth century, the lack of wholly preserved texts on both sides in the corresponding time constitutes an unsurmountable obstacle. Presenting and scrutinising the textual evidence both for ancient Greek and for Mesopotamian chronography enables an improved understanding of similarities and differences alike. To exemplify this point, Greek and Akkadian temple histories serve as test cases.
Early menarche is associated with insulin-resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Di Sessa Anna , Grandone Anna , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Cirillo Grazia , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Recent evidence linked early menarche to a higher risk of insulin-resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early menarche on glucose derangements and NAFLD in a sample of Italian adolescents with obesity.

Methods

Anthropometric and biochemical evaluations were conducted in all the enrolled 318 obese patients (mean age 12.31 ± 2.95 years). NAFLD was defined by the presence of ultrasound detected liver steatosis and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) levels >40 IU/L.

Results

Patients with early menarche showed both higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.008) and ALT (p=0.02) values, an increased prevalence of NAFLD (p=0.001), and lower Matsuda and Insulinogenic Index (IGI) values than the other obese patients. The association between early menarche and both ALT and Matsuda Index remained significant in General Linear Models (GLMs) in which respectively body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and Matsuda Index, and BMI-SDS were included as covariates. Patients with early menarche also showed a higher risk of both HOMA-IR>3 (OR 1.69, CI 1.05–2.70, p=0.02) and NAFLD (OR 1.10, CI 1.01–1.21, p=0.03).

Conclusions

Girls with obesity presenting early menarche showed higher HOMA-IR levels, lower Matsuda Index and IGI values, and higher risk of NAFLD compared to girls without early menarche.
An analytical model for predicting the natural frequency of retaining structures
Authors: Guechi Lyazid , Belkacemi Smaïn
Published: April 2021

The importance of the retaining structures is crucial in geotechnical engineering and the accurate determination of static and seismic earth pressures and natural frequency is important for study the dynamic behavior of these structures. Usually analytical formulas which do not consider the earth pressures behind retaining structure are used. An analytical model for predicting the natural frequency of retaining structures including the earth pressures by failure wedges is proposed in the present analysis. The model considers the effect of Coulomb and Mononobe Okabe failure wedges. Backfill material is considered in the analysis as cohesionless. The failure wedge is an important factor which should be considered in determining the natural frequency of retaining structures. As the weight of failure wedge increases the natural frequency decreases significantly. The current model is validated using several analytical models reported in the literature of the earlier researcher.
Effect of restoration of euthyroidism on visfatin concentrations and body composition in women
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Zybek-Kocik Ariadna , Kloska Michał , Ziółkowska Paulina , Czarnywojtek Agata , Sowiński Jerzy , Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Dorota , Ruchała Marek
Published: April 2021

Dysregulation of thyroid function has known impact on body metabolism, however, data regarding metabolic outcome after restoration of thyroid function is limited. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of restoration of euthyroidism on serum visfatin, and its associations with insulin resistance and body composition. This is an observational study with consecutive enrollment. Forty-nine hyperthyroid (median age of 34 years) and 44 hypothyroid women (median age of 46 years) completed the study. Laboratory parameters and body composition analysis were assessed before and after the therapy. In the hyperthyroid group, visfatin concentrations increased (P < 0.0001), while glucose concentrations decreased (P < 0.0001). Total body mass and fat mass in the trunk and limbs significantly increased during the treatment. In the hypothyroid group, significant weight loss resulted from decrease of fat and muscle masses in trunk and limbs. Visfatin serum concentrations positively correlated with total fat mass (r = 0.19, P = 0.01) and insulin concentrations (r = 0.17, P = 0.018). In conclusion, restoration of thyroid function is not associated with beneficial changes in body composition, especially among hyperthyroid females.
New gene discoveries in skeletal diseases with short stature
Authors: Costantini Alice , Muurinen Mari H , Mäkitie Outi
Published: April 2021

In the last decade, the widespread use of massively parallel sequencing has considerably boosted the number of novel gene discoveries in monogenic skeletal diseases with short stature. Defects in genes playing a role in the maintenance and function of the growth plate, the site of longitudinal bone growth, are a well-known cause of skeletal diseases with short stature. However, several genes involved in extracellular matrix composition or maintenance as well as genes partaking in various biological processes have also been characterized. This review aims to describe the latest genetic findings in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias, and some monogenic forms of isolated short stature. Some examples of novel genetic mechanisms leading to skeletal conditions with short stature will be described. Strategies on how to successfully characterize novel skeletal phenotypes with short stature and genetic approaches to detect and validate novel gene-disease correlations will be discussed in detail. In summary, we review the latest gene discoveries underlying skeletal diseases with short stature and emphasize the importance of characterizing novel molecular mechanisms for genetic counseling, for an optimal management of the disease, and for therapeutic innovations.
A novel patient-derived cell line of adrenocortical carcinoma shows a pathogenic role of germline MUTYH mutation and high tumour mutational burden
Authors: Landwehr Laura-Sophie , Schreiner Jochen , Appenzeller Silke , Kircher Stefan , Herterich Sabine , Sbiera Silviu , Fassnacht Martin , Kroiss Matthias , Weigand Isabel
Published: April 2021

Background

The response of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to current chemotherapies is unsatisfactory and a limited rate of response to immunotherapy was observed in clinical trials. High tumour mutational burden (TMB) and the presence of a specific DNA signature are characteristic features of tumours with mutations in the gene MUTYH encoding the mutY DNA glycosylase. Both have been shown to potentially predict the response to immunotherapy. High TMB in an ACC cell line model has not been reported yet.

Design and methods

The JIL-2266 cell line was established from a primary ACC tumour, comprehensively characterised and oxidative damage, caused by a dysfunctional mutY DNA glycosylase, confirmed.

Results

Here, we characterise the novel patient-derived ACC cell line JIL-2266, which is deficient in mutY-dependent DNA repair. JIL-2266 cells have a consistent STR marker profile that confirmed congruousness with primary ACC tumour. Cells proliferate with a doubling time of 41 ± 13 h. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for steroidogenic factor-1. Mass spectrometry did not demonstrate significant steroid hormone synthesis. JIL-2266 have hemizygous mutations in the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (c.859G>T:p.E287X) and MUTYH (c.316C>T:p.R106W). Exome sequencing showed 683 single nucleotide variants and 4 insertions/deletions. We found increased oxidative DNA damage in the cell line and the corresponding primary tumour caused by impaired mutY DNA glycosylase function and accumulation of 8-oxoguanine.

Conclusion

This model will be valuable as a pre-clinical ACC cell model with high TMB and a tool to study oxidative DNA damage in the adrenal gland.
Case Study of Petrophysical Evaluation Utilizing Well Logs Data with Optimization of Reservoir Cut-off Parameters
Authors: Walid Mohamed Mahmud  , Ziad Bennour
Published: April 2021

Petrophysical evaluation of well log data is essential for the exploration and evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Moreover, there are no standard criteria to implement cut-offs on petrophysical properties as a direction for economic decisions. In the present work, a petrophysical evaluation of well logging data from four wells in a mature oil field is performed to identify formation quality as a potential for hosting mature hydrocarbons reservoirs. Full consideration of cut-off values was taken into account. The cut-offs were estimated from well-recognized petrophysical relationships for permeability as a function of porosity, water saturation, and shale content. Results verification and calibration were also made based on laboratory measurements of petrophysical properties obtained from available core plugs in order to minimize uncertainty. Lithology analysis and characteristics revealed that the target formation is mainly sand and shale sequences. Results from well logs were in agreement with results obtained from core data. Formation effective porosity varies from 16 to 26% in all wells. A wide range of variations is observed in water saturation ranging from 28 to 57% and permeability ranging from 20 to 3300 mD. This is in good agreement with other measurements and well log analysis that show the mature formation remains to be a good hydrocarbon reservoir with significant potential.
Plasticity: from Crystal Lattice to Macroscopic Phenomena
Authors: Zuev L. B. , Barannikova S. A. , Danilov V. I. , Gorbatenko V. V.
Published: April 2021

New representations concerning plasticity physics in crystals are discussed. The model of plastic flow is suggested, which can describe its main regularities. With the use of the experimental investigation, it is shown that the plastic flow localization plays the role in the evolution of plastic deformation. Obtained data are explained with the application of the principles of nonequilibrium-systems’ theory. The quasi-particle is introduced for the description of plasticity phenomenon. It is established the relation between plasticity characteristics of metals and their position in Periodic table of the elements. A new model is elaborated to address localized plastic-flow evolution in solids. The basic assumption of the proposed model is that the elementary plasticity acts evolving in the deforming of medium would generate acoustic emission pulses, which interact with the plasticity carriers and initiate new elementary shears. As found experimentally, the macrolocalization of plastic flow involves a variety of autowave processes. To address the phenomenon of localized plastic-flow autowaves, a new quasi-particle called ‘autolocalizon’ is introduced; the criterion of validity of the concept is assessed.
BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS’ ANALYSIS OF REASONING ON PLANT TAXONOMY COURSEWHITE RASCH MODEL
Authors: Wigati Indah , Aini Kurratul
Published: April 2021

ANALISIS PENALARAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI PADA MATA KULIAH TAKSONOMI TUMBUHAN DENGAN MODEL RASCHAbstractThe reasoning is the stage of thinking that tries to connect facts or evidence to reach conclusions. The reasoning includes thinking and reasoning skills that support the formation and modification of concepts. The complexity of learning stages and reasoning gives results in inequality or low levels of reasoning owned by students. This study aimed to analyze the reasoning of students in the Plant Taxonomy course. This research used a descriptive quantitative design. This research used a test instrument administered on 36 students of Biology Education of UIN Raden Fatah Palembang with data collected using questions with indicators based on Toulmin's assessment (2003). The data analysis was conducted by analyzing the level of individual ability (person measure) to determine students' reasoning ability. The data analysis showed that one student had a logit person score of +3.05, namely student number 02, with a high reasoning category. There were twenty-four students, with a medium reasoning category. Two students have the lowest logit person score, namely students 08 and 14, with a logit person score of -0.49. The results indicated that generally, students had difficulty finding plant taxonomy concepts; therefore, thinking needed to be taught more in-depth, so students could manage the information received and conduct a good reasoning analysis in problem-solving.AbstrakPenalaran merupakan tahap berpikir yang mencoba menghubungkan fakta atau evidensi untuk mencapai kesimpulan. Penalaran mencakup keterampilan berpikir dan bernalar yang mendukung pembentukan dan modifikasi konsep. Kompleksnya tahapan belajar hingga pada tahap penalaran, mengakibatkan adanya ketidakmerataan atau rendahnya tingkat penalaran yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penalaran mahasiswa pada Mata kuliah Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif.  Penelitian menggunakan instrumen tes yang dilaksanakan pada 36 mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal dengan indikator berdasarkan asesmen Toulmin (2003). Analisis data dengan menganalisis tingkat abilitas individu (person measure) untuk melihat kemampuan penalaran mahasiswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai logit person +3,05 yaitu mahasiswa nomor 02, dengan kategori penalaran tinggi. Terdapat dua puluh empat mahasiswa, dengan kategori penalaran sedang. Terdapat dua mahasiswa yang memiliki nilai logit person paling rendah, yaitu mahasiswa 08 dan 14 dengan nilai logit person -0,49. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, secara umum mahasiswa banyak mengalami kesulitan dalam menemukan konsep taksonomi tumbuhan sehingga perlu lebih dalam mengajarkan cara berpikir mahasiswa, sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengelola informasi yang diterima dan melakukan analisis penalaran yang baik dalam memecahkan masalah.
ASSESING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND MASTERY CONCEPTS: THE CASE OF ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Harahap Lia Junita , Komala Ratna , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi
Published: April 2021

PENILAIAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP PADA MATERI EKOSISTEMAbstractCritical thinking skills and mastery concepts are competencies that measure cognitive aspects. Both of these competencies support each other. This study aims to analyze critical thinking skills and mastery concepts of students in the ecosystem material. This was quantitative research. The sampling technique used Purposive Sampling, namely 60 high school students. Data was collected through the critical thinking skills test and mastery concept of ecosystem tests for students and interviews with the teacher. Based on the analyzed data, the average critical thinking skills and mastery concepts of an ecosystem are 53,15 and 61,10, which are in the low category. This is because students still have difficulty in understanding the basic concepts of ecosystems; students have not understood yet the terms in the ecosystem so that the terms with their meanings are often exchanged which has an impact on the low achievement of students.AbstrakKeterampilan berpikir kritis dan penguasaan konsep adalah kompetensi yang mengukur kemampuan kognitif. Kedua kompetensi tersebut saling berkaitan dan mendukung satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penguasaan konsep peserta didik pada materi Ekosistem. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yaitu 60 peserta didik SMA. Data diperoleh melalui tes tentang keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penguasaan konsep pada materi Ekosistem yang dikerjakan oleh peserta didik dan wawancara dengan guru. Berdasarkan analisis data, rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penguasaan konsep materi Ekosistem peserta didik, masing-masing adalah 53,15 dan 61,10. Hasil tersebut termasuk dalam kaegori rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh sulitnya peserta didik dalam memahami konsep dasar Ekosistem, belum mengertinya istilah-istilah dalam ekosistem sehingga sering terjadi pertukaran istilah dengan maknanya yang berdampak pada rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa.
Contemporary Management of Isolated Ostial Side Branch Disease: An Evidence-based Approach to Medina 001 Bifurcations
Authors: Suleiman Suleiman , Coughlan JJ , Touma George , Szirt Richard
Published: April 2021

The optimal management of bifurcation lesions has received significant interest in recent years and remains a matter of debate among the interventional cardiology community. Bifurcation lesions are encountered in approximately 21% of percutaneous coronary intervention procedures and are associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events. The Medina classification has been developed in an attempt to standardise the terminology when describing bifurcation lesions. The focus of this article is on the management of the Medina 0,0,1 lesion (‘Medina 001’), an uncommon lesion encountered in <5% of all bifurcations. Technical considerations, management options and interventional techniques relating to the Medina 001 lesion are discussed. In addition, current published data supporting the various proposed interventional treatment strategies are examined in an attempt to delineate an evidence-based approach to this uncommon lesion.
Smart Altitude
Authors: Baldessari Gianni , Bender Oliver , Branca Domenico , Crema Luigi , Giorgi Anna , Janša Nina , Janša Janez , Reinert Marie-Eve , Vidović Jelena
Published: April 2021

This final report summarizes the outcomes of the Smart Altitude project. The Smart Altitude project ran from June 2018 to April 2021 and was carried out by ten partners from six different countries in the Alpine Space (Austria, France, Italy, Germany, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The project was co-financed by the European Union via Interreg Alpine Space. The aim of the project was to enable and accelerate the implementation of low-carbon policies in winter tourism regions by demonstrating the efficiency of a step-by-step decision support tool for energy transition in four Living Labs. The project targeted policymakers, ski resort operators, investors, tourism, and entrepreneurship organizations. The Smart Altitude approach was designed to ensure suitability across the Alpine Space, thereby fostering its replication and uptake in other winter tourism regions and thus increasing the resilience of mountain areas.
New index aims to improve infrastructure transparency in a post-Covid world
Authors: Broyd Charlotte
Published: April 2021

Charlotte Broyd of CoST – the Infrastructure Transparency Initiative introduces its new Infrastructure Transparency Index. The new tool will underpin CoST’s global drive to improve transparency in public-sector infrastructure, which will be vital in the post-pandemic recovery.
Understanding rock–steel interface properties for use in offshore applications
Authors: Ziogos Andreas , Brown Michael John , Ivanovic Ana , Morgan Neil
Published: April 2021

The properties of unbonded rock–steel interfaces and the characteristics that control this behaviour seem to be an under-researched area in terms of geotechnical application, for example in the design of gravity-based foundation systems or dead weight anchors and the interaction of pipelines on rock. Although basic guidance does exist for rock–rock interfaces or pipeline behaviour, this focuses on macro roughness, with little consideration of micro roughness, relative roughness of the surfaces or their strengths and hardness. Therefore, in order for design and understanding to develop in these areas, there is a need for basic interface friction parameters and understanding of the interface characteristics that control the strength of the interface, such that correct values can be used, but also so that the interface properties can be best manipulated to improve interface interaction. This paper presents interface friction angles for four types of rock sheared against steel interfaces of different roughness at a variety of normal stresses. The rocks themselves have a range of surface roughness, strength and hardness. The results of the testing programme are used to improve a simple analytical approach for predicting the shear strength of rock–steel interfaces that allows input of key controlling parameters.
Centrifuge application of fibre Bragg gratings: pile axial loads and wall bending moments
Authors: Song Geyang , Xu Jingmin , Heron Charles M. , Marshall Alec M. , Correia Ricardo , Korposh Sergiy
Published: April 2021

One challenge for geotechnical centrifuge testing of soil–structure interaction problems is the reliable measurement of induced structural strains/forces. This paper presents a novel application of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for strain measurement within geotechnical centrifuge tests. FBG sensors have several advantages for centrifuge testing, in particular their small size and minimal self-weight. This paper gives an overview of recently developed installation and calibration procedures for FBG sensors within buried centrifuge model structures. The effect of thermal expansion/contraction of the materials (including both the fibre and structures) is considered and assessed. The precision and reliability of the FBG sensors are demonstrated using verification tests. The application of the FBG sensors is considered for two geotechnical problems, namely, pile jacking and a ‘retaining wall’ adjacent to a tunnel (acting as a protective wall to prevent an adjacent structure from tunnelling-induced ground movement). The results demonstrate that the FBG sensors can provide reliable measurements of pile axial strains/forces and protective wall bending moments. The paper provides evidence to support the routine adoption of FBG sensors for strain/force measurement of structures in geotechnical centrifuge modelling.
Numbness of the lower lip following urological surgery under general anesthesia – A case report –
Authors: Kim Su Yeon , Lim Yunhee , Bae Geon Hyeong , Suh Dae Hee , Kim Kye-Min
Published: April 2021

Background: Peripheral nerve injury is a complication that can occur after general anesthesia. It significantly impairs the patient’s quality of life and may lead to permanent disability. Nerves in several areas can be damaged during the perioperative period, but it is very rare that numbness of the lower lip is caused after general anesthesia. Case: A 73-year-old man with diabetes mellitus underwent urological surgery under general anesthesia. The day after surgery, he complained of numbness on the right lower lip caused by a mental nerve injury. Diabetic mononeuropathy or neurapraxia related to mechanical compression was considered a possible cause. The symptoms resolved spontaneously after six weeks.Conclusions: Mental nerve injury is a rare perioperative complication in surgical patients under general anesthesia. In this case, patients should be reassured and advised to avoid injuries to the mouth and lips. However, specific treatment is not required.
John Palmer: Parmenides and Presocratic Philosophy.
Authors: Thanassas Panagiotis
Published: April 2021

John Palmer: Parmenides and Presocratic Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford UP 2009. XII, 428 S. 60 £.
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Vol.LXXV. Edited with Translations and Notes by H. Maehler, C. E. Römer and R. Hatzilambrou with contributions by M. Buchholz, R.-L. Chang, C. Fuhrmann, M. Gerhardt, M. De Groote, L. Guichard, A. Hartmann, P. James, I. Karamanou, R. Kritzer, B. Laudenbach, D. Leith, N. Litinas, K. Lubitz, M. Malouta, F. Maltomini, G. del Mastro, †D. Montserrat, T. Murgatroyd, O. Pelcer, C. Pernigotti, A. Syrkou.
Authors: Hagedorn Dieter
Published: April 2021

The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Vol.LXXV. Edited with Translations and Notes by H. Maehler, C. E. Römer and R. Hatzilambrou with contributions by M. Buchholz, R.-L. Chang, C. Fuhrmann, M. Gerhardt, M. De Groote, L. Guichard, A. Hartmann, P. James, I. Karamanou, R. Kritzer, B. Laudenbach, D. Leith, N. Litinas, K. Lubitz, M. Malouta, F. Maltomini, G. del Mastro, †D. Montserrat, T. Murgatroyd, O. Pelcer, C. Pernigotti, A. Syrkou. London: Published by The Egypt Exploration Society with the support of The Arts and Humanities Research Council and The British Academy 2010. XI, 164 S. 12 Taf. 4°. (Graeco-Roman Memoirs. 96.).
Francesco Camia: Roma e le Poleis. L’intervento di Roma nelle controversie territoriali tra le comunità greche di Grecia e d’Asia Minore nel secondo secolo a. C.: le testimonianze epigrafiche
Authors: Vitale Marco
Published: April 2021

Francesco Camia: Roma e le Poleis. L’intervento di Roma nelle controversie territoriali tra le comunità greche di Grecia e d’Asia Minore nel secondo secolo a. C.: le testimonianze epigrafiche. Atene: Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene 2009. 260 S. 12 Abb. (Tripodes. 10.)
Jutta Meischner: Späte Archaik und Früher Strenger Stil. Der Apollon Philesios des Kanachos Typus I und II. – Late Archaic and Early Severe Style. The Apollon Philesios by Kanachos Type I and II
Authors: Strocka Volker Michael
Published: April 2021

Jutta Meischner: Späte Archaik und früher Strenger Stil. Der Apollon Philesios des Kanachos Typus I und II. – Late Archaic and Early Severe Style. The Apollon Philesios by Kanachos Type I and II. Bremen: edition.bnb 2009. 98 S. zahlr. Abb. und Taf. 4°.
İbrahim Hakan Mert: Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Bauornamentik von Stratonikeia
Authors: Plattner Georg A.
Published: April 2021

İbrahim Hakan Mert: Untersuchungen zur hellenistischen und kaiserzeitlichen Bauornamentik von Stratonikeia. Tübingen: Wasmuth 2008. XIII, 285 S. 272 Abb. 4°. (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Abteilung Istanbul. Istanbuler Forschungen. 50.)
Ludwik Fleck und der demokratische Denkstil
Authors: Raphael Lutz
Published: April 2021

1980 machte der Nachdruck des 1935 erstmals erschienenen Hauptwerks Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache Ludwik Fleck wieder bekannt. Für einen kleinen Kreis von Eingeweihten der Wissenschaftstheorie wurde die schmale Untersuchung zur Entstehung des modernen Syphilis-Begriffes und der «Wassermann-Reaktion» so etwas wie der Schlüssel für eine andere Sichtweise auf die vielfältigen «rationalen Unternehmungen» (Stephen Toulmin) in der Geschichte. Die wenigsten seiner Leser werden den Text als medizin geschichtliche Studie gelesen haben, die meisten nahmen begierig die generalisierenden Schlussfolgerungen und die einprägsamen Begriffsbildungen – «Denkstil», «Denkkollektiv», «soziale Verdichtung», «Uridee», «aktive und passive Koppelung» – auf, mit denen Fleck sein eigenes wissenschaftshistorisches Erkenntnisprogramm präsentierte.
«Verspätete Nation». Überraschende Ergebnisse einer Pflichtlektüre
Authors: Lübbe Hermann
Published: April 2021

Autoren gelingen gelegentlich Buch-Titel, die sich dem Publikum sogleich und überdies dauerhaft weit über den Kreis der Leser des Buches hinaus bekannt machen. Der in Deutschland meistzitierte Titel dieser Charakteristik dürfte Mitscherlichs Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern sein. Helmuth Plessners Kennzeichnung der Deutschen als «verspätete Nation» gewann im Kontext der Beschäftigung dieser Nation mit sich selbst nach der Katastrophe des Dritten Reiches analoge Publizität. Jürgen Habermas bündelte 1959 seine Rezension des Buches in den Frankfurter Heften mit Besprechungen zweier analog gewichtiger Deutschland-Bücher von Ralf Dahrendorf sowie von F. K. Ringer unter der Überschrift «Drei Traktate über die Wurzeln deutschen Ungeistes». – Titel dieser rhetorischen Klasse wirken schlagend, das heißt sie werden unvergesslich. Sie präsentieren zugleich eine Quintessenz ihres Inhalts, und zwar als Antwort auf die Frage, zu der man sich selbst geworden war.
Zum Thema
Authors: Raulff Ulrich , Schlak Stephan
Published: April 2021

Der Wunsch, an der Krippe der Idee zu stehen, das bethlehemitische Verlangen hält die Ideengeschichte seit Herder und Schiller auf Trab. Und nicht erst seit Jules Michelet die Renaissance erfand, übt das Bild eines Geniezeitalters, in dem das moderne Individuum, jugendschön wie Aphrodite, erstmals an Land ging und seinen Namen sagte, einen Zauber aus, dem sich selbst Medienzyniker des 21. Jahrhhunderts schwer entziehen können.
Nachmittag mit dem Chef. Fragmente aus dem Vita-Buch
Authors: Ritter Henning
Published: April 2021

Wenn ich über Literatur nachdachte und sagen wollte, was sie von anderem unterschied, fiel mir als ein Privileg des Autors ein, dass er Fragen, die sein Werk betreffen, nicht zu beantworten braucht- auch wenn die meisten Schriftsteller nichts lieber tun als das. Er kann stumm dasitzen, wie es damals, während meiner Schulzeit, Samuel Beckett tat, der auf diese Weise den völlig entgeisterten Adorno aufs Trockene setzte.
PAPEL DA APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA NO ENSINO HÍBRIDO EM UM MUNDO PÓS-PANDEMIA
Authors: Frango Silveira Ismar
Published: April 2021

A emergência trazida pela pandemia da Covid-19 impôs modificações em praticamente todos os contextos da vida humana – e não poderia ser diferente na Educação. No âmbito da Educação Superior brasileira, o ano de 2020 foi marcado por universidades fechadas e a adoção, em diferentes escalas, de soluções remotas emergenciais em substituição às aulas presenciais.  Este movimento adiantou em anos as discussões latentes a respeito da adoção de estratégias híbridas de ensino nesse segmento educacional, um cenário que poderia ser distante há poucos meses, mas que agora parece aproximar-se com bastante premência. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende discutir lições aprendidas no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial e seus impactos em uma possível adoção futura de modelos híbridos, bem como lançar luz sobre como práticas educacionais baseadas em metodologias ativas podem auxiliar nessa transição, de modo  a  proporcionar  experiências  de  aprendizagem  realmente  efetivas  em um novo modelo de oferta educacional.
Statistical power and precision of experimental studies originated in the Republic of Turkey from 2010 to 2020: Current practices and some recommendations
Authors: BULUS Metin , KOYUNCU İlhan
Published: April 2021

This study systematically reviews randomly selected 155 experimental studies in education field originated in the Republic of Turkey between 2010 and 2020. Indiscriminate choice of sample size in recent publications prompted us to evaluate their statistical power and precision. First, above and beyond our review, we could not identify any large-scale experiments such as cluster-randomized or multisite randomized trials, which overcome shortcomings of small-scale experiments, better suit to the organizational structure of the education field, nevertheless require far greater effort and financial resources. Second, none of the small-scale experiments has reported or conducted ex-ante power analysis. Third, results indicate that studies are sufficiently powered to detect medium effects and above (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.50), however they are underpowered to detect small effects (Cohen’s d ≤ 0.20). Trends in the past ten years indicate precision remained unchanged. We made several recommendations to increase the precision of experimental designs and improve their evidential values: Determine sample size prior to an experiment with power analysis routine, randomize subjects / clusters to obtain unbiased estimates, collect pre-test information and other relevant covariates, adjust for baseline differences beyond covariate control, document attrition, report standardized treatment effect and standardized variance parameters. Findings should be interpreted considering minimum effects in education that are relevant to education policy and practice.
The Effects of a CLIL Programme on Linguistic Progress at Two Different Points in Time
Authors: Segura Marta , Roquet Helena , Pérez-Vidal Carmen
Published: April 2021

In an attempt to explore the effects of different kinds of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning contexts, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) have been at the centre of FL acquisition research over the past decade. Studies have focused on the features and gains this setting brings, whether content is learnt at the same level of success as when taught in the learners’ L1, and whether that L1 is negatively affected by CLIL. However, to our knowledge, very little attention has been brought to how the seniority of the programme affects learner progress in the target language. This study aims to fill such a gap in the understanding that the programme will have developed and improved in terms of quality of exposure and interaction, and that learners’ EFL performance will be higher. To do that, we measured the efficacy of a long-standing CLIL programme in Barcelona twelve years after it was launched and examined the reading, writing, and lexico-grammatical abilities of CLIL EFL learners aged 8, 11, and 14 compared with results obtained by learners measured at the onset of the programme in 2005. The results showed that the quality of the programme has increased over the last decade, guaranteeing a higher level of EFL student proficiency when raw scores are considered, but not in terms of linguistic gains, in which only improvement in older students’ grammar and reading skills can be observed.
The Relationship between Critical Thinking, Self-regulation, and Teaching Style Preferences among EFL Teachers: A Path Analysis Approach
Authors: Heydarnejad Tahereh , Fatemi Azar Hosseini , Ghonsooly Behzad
Published: April 2021

Teachers are world makers. They can change the thinking, attitudes, and lives of their students. Thus, it is essential to study the factors that foster teachers’ competency. Critical thinking, self- regulation, and teaching style are some of the factors influencing the effectiveness of teachers. In line with this argument, the present study delved into the possible impact of critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory strategies of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers on their teaching style preferences. The possible influence of critical thinking abilities on teacher self- regulation was also studied. To do this, Watson-Glaser’s Critical Thinking Appraisal (Form 1), the Teacher Self-Regulation Scale (TSRS), and Grasha’s Teaching Style Inventory (TSI) were administered to 320 EFL teachers who were teaching at different private language institutions in Iran. A path analysis was utilized to ponder their causal relationships. The findings indicated that teachers with higher critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory skills tend to implement learner- centered styles (namely, Facilitator and Delegator) while teachers with lower critical thinking abilities and self-regulatory skills tend to do the opposite. Moreover, the significant effects of critical thinking on teacher self-regulation were determined. The implications of this study may open up new perspectives into successful pedagogy for policymakers, curriculum designers, and teachers.
Autonomy Orientations of English Language Teachers in Turkey
Authors: Bagci Aslihan , Aydin Belgin
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to explore autonomy orientations of English language teachers' work at an intensive language school in Turkey. The autonomy orientations of the teachers were analysed through self-determination theory. The study also investigated if these orientations vary according to the teachers’ gender, years of experience, and department of graduation. The investigation was carried out through an autonomy orientations questionnaire. Data were collected from 111 language teachers, 11 of whose opinions were utilized for further analysis. The results showed that teachers had moderate autonomy supportive orientation, which was reported to be risky. Moreover, gender was the only variable that had a significant effect on the autonomy orientations. The teachers mainly blamed the education system for restricting their adoption of the autonomous orientations. The results imply the necessity of explicit training on how teachers can be encouraged to have more autonomy supporting orientations.
Education for Sustainable Development: Glocal Implications for Universities
Authors: Raitskaya Lilia , Tikhonova Elena
Published: April 2021

The editorial overviews the key research aspects of embedding sustainable development into university systems worldwide. The JLE editors dwell upon the pivotal role of higher education in transferring knowledge, skills, and underlying values in promoting Sustainable Development Goal No.4 (Quality Education for Sustainable Development). The editorial analysis is underpinned by the most cited Scopus-indexed articles (Top-50 as of March 2021) on sustainable development in higher education. JLE potential authors will find some recommendations on the subject field gaps and key directions to be published in the journal upcoming issues.
ApoC3 Ip for MS v1
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Cameron , Seckler Henrique , KRG KRG Research Group Kelleher
Published: April 2021

Method for immunoprecipitation of ApoC3 from human serum for top-down mass spectrometry.
NRTDP Top Down Standard SOP: Orbitrap Eclipse and Exploris v1
Authors: Melani Rafael , Thomas Paul , Drown Bryon
Published: April 2021

This standard protocol details how to make a standard mix of proteins for tracking LC-MS performance and illustrates how to configure an instrument for high-quality data collection. This protocol was developed with support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences P41GM108569 for the National Resource for Translational and Developmental Proteomics (NRTDP) based at Northwestern University. The authors thank Melinda Wojtkiewicz from the University of Nebraska Medical Center for helping us troubleshoot this method for use with the Exploris 480 in the Gundry Lab.
ARBITRATION OF THE DISPUTES IN CONNECTION WITH PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Grbo Z.
Published: April 2021

In the article, the author analyses the possibilities of using arbitration procedure to settle disputes arising from the conclusion of a public procurement contract in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author studies the nature of the public procurement contract and concludes that this contract is of a private legal nature, so the resolution of disputes related to the execution of the contract is possible in arbitration proceedings.