bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Analytical Tools for the Identification of Adulterants in Commonly Traded Herbs and Spices
Authors: Osman Ahmed Galal , Raman Vijayasankar , Haider Saqlain , Ali Zulfiqar , Chittiboyina Amar G , Khan Ikhlas A
Published: January 2019

Background: Spices and aromatic herbs have long been used by people to impart sensory appetizing elements, including aroma, flavor, and color, to foods and beverages in an effort to enhance their palatability. Herbs and spices exhibit a plethora of medicinal properties including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Spices serve as natural preservatives to delay food spoilage and extend shelf life. As spice trading has exponentially increased globally, herbs and spices have become prone to adulteration, which can be deliberate or unintentional. Deliberate adulteration is usually economically motivated, aimed at maximizing profit margins, whereas unintentional adulteration is often attributed to improper harvesting or processing of the plant material or collecting/substituting closely related species. Adulteration of herbs or spices with toxic ingredients such as Sudan dyes or metal salts (e.g., leadchromate) may result in serious public health consequences. Objective: To provide a concise account of ongoing adulteration issues with spices and herbs in order to enhance general awareness of the short- and longer-term implications of such fraud. Method: Last twenty-years of literature on various aspects of spice adulteration including text books and online resources were gathered and compiled. In addition, a number of original reports have been published prior to year 2000 that are directly associated with adulteration of commonly traded herbs and spices were also included. Results: The current review covers the role of spices and herbs in human life, adulteration of the commonly consumed spices and herbs, identification of their adulterants, as well as the most popular analytical techniques and methods used in their detection, including spectroscopic, chromatographic, electronic sensing, and deoxyribonucleic acid–based methodologies. Conclusions: Spices and herbs, being high-priced commodities, have been often subjected to adulteration in many ways which reduces their quality and potentially has harmful health implications. Adulteration is attributed primarily to increased demand or supply shortage of the spices and aromatic herbs. The motivation for spice fraud is largely attributed to economical interest to gain greater profit margins and such adulteration of spices can have serious implications for public health. To combat the adulteration of spices and herbs effectively, a range of analytical techniques across many different technologies have been developed. These techniques are expected to aid in the detection of adulterants and establish quantifiable concentrations for the compounds in question in various matrices, including spices and aromatic herbs.
Tarifautonomie und Wirtschaftskrise
Authors: Bourazeri Konstantina
Published: January 2019

The tension which exists between state regulatory powers and social-autonomous regulation of the working conditions through collective arrangements has been discussed in Germany since the 1960s. The topic has once again become current with regards to the context of the financial and economic crisis which broke out in 2008/09. The European legislator reacted against the Euro crisis by enacting an extensive legislative package, which intensified the supervision and coordination of the economic policies of the EU member states. Through the implementation of the “European Stability Mechanism”, financial assistance was provided to the crisis-stricken countries under strict conditions. The requirements specified in Memoranda of Understanding included reforms of the labour market, which in the case of Greece being deeply in debt, have led to a profound reorganisation of the national collective bargaining system. Against this background, this paper examines, if the reforms of the Greek labour market, induced by the crisis, should be assessed on the basis of the fundamental Union rights. It should then be discussed in detail, if the measures in question are compatible with the European right to collective bargaining and action. The problem areas described may also be significant for German law, as the systems of collective arrangements in both EU member states are historically based on common principles and measures of value.
Das Verhältnis der Richterschaft zum Recht
Authors: Grau Eros Roberto
Published: January 2019

‘Today’s judiciary is becoming a source of uncertainty.’ Beginning with this statement, this book defends legal positivism. It is based on the author’s practical experience of interpreting and applying the law as a judge at Brazil’s constitutional court. To conclude his study, the author warns that the modern judiciary is jeopardising the objectivity of the law. He emphasises that constitutional states have become judicial states and that, in the end, democracy can only exist if judges restrict themselves to being servants of the law.
Polish Ethnic Schools in Rio Grande do Sul (1875–1938)
Authors: Malikoski Adriano , Kreutz Lúcio
Published: January 2019

Researching about the school process among Polish immigrants, we found that, in Rio Grande do Sul, there was an education system with the typical characteristics of the Polish culture. According to the school census of Polish immigration in Brazil – held by the Polish Consulate in Curitiba – up to 1937, 128 ethnic schools with 4,560 students and 114 teachers were organized in Rio Grande do Sul. The schools, that were created based on the cultural characteristics of the Polish immigrants, such as language, religion and customs, were associated to the effort of building colonial centers, usually called communities. In cultural history, which is a reading reference of the teaching process, emphasis is given to the numerous aspects that involve the rebuilding of the past in a narrative, to the care and to the treatment of the sources..
The (lack of) Presence of Games in Human Rights Education
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa
Published: January 2019

On the basis of the conducted analysis of course books it can be concluded that games are in fact absent therein. In the broad spectrum of the methods that stimulate the intellect and the emotions the authors have chosen not to include this method. Games, however, relate to the primordial instincts, to competition, to the will to achieve a goal, which makes education more instinctive and, at the same time, more interesting. Human rights education leads to the challenging of stereotypes, it makes students confront the otherness that has a number of aspects: culture, race, religion, belonging, worldviews, etc. In the education in this area it is not enough to concentrate on knowledge acquisition. Undoubtedly the course books proposed by the authors relate to the emotional aspect and they do it on a high, professional level. Nevertheless, the introduction of games into human rights education could produce positive effects in the internalization of new values.
Who, where and why? Foundation Myths and Dynastic Tradition of the Piasts and the Přemyslides in Chronicles of Gallus Anonymus and Cosmas of Prague
Authors: Goltz Piotr
Published: January 2019

Much has been written about each of the medieval chronicles by academics from various fields of studies. If anything should be added, it seems that possibilities lie in a comparative study of the medieval texts. There are several reasons to justify such an approach to the chronicles by Anonymus called Gallus and Cosmas of Prague. Both narratives were written in a similar time period, in neighbouring countries, becoming evidence for the conscious forming of a dynastic vision of the past, as well as milestones in passing from the oral to the written form of collecting, selecting and passing on of tradition. Also similar is the scope of the authors’ interests, as well as the literary genre and courtly and chivalric character of their works. Firstly, the founding myths will be deconstructed in a search for three fundamental elements that determine the shape of the community: the main character, the place and the causing force. Secondly, a comparison of both bodies of lore will follow.
The Proportion of School and Society on the Education of Gifted Pupils in the Czech Republic
Authors: Šťáva Jan
Published: January 2019

The readiness of Czech schools to work with talented pupils in the process of education is still not reflected by teachers in legislative support. This article is the reaction to this reality and offers a current view on the issues of registration of talented pupils and teachers’ readiness to work with these children in school. The article indicates some of the outcomes of the research project “The special needs of pupils in the context of the framework of the training programme for basic education” ID-0021622443. It focuses on the education of children, pupils and students with special educational needs, and extremely talented pupils and students, and points to the possibilities of training corresponding to the necessary quality for appropriate development of the individual talents of each individual.
Development of Creativity in Schoolchildren through Art
Authors: Fazylova Sallya , Irina Rusol
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of creativity, and the extent to which it can be fostered through arts within primary and junior classrooms. The paper presents an approach towards understanding and development of creativity, an overview of the current state of research and thinking on the relationship between the arts and creative development in schoolchildren. The study examined a number of issues about the effective development of creative abilities, offering some solutions and recommendations.
Contemporary Didactics of History in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čapka František
Published: January 2019

Fundamental changes in Czechoslovakia after 1989 naturally had an impact on the educational system, and this impact was particularly pronounced in the subject history. This study presents a basic chronological overview of the changes made in terms of the content, didactics and methodology of history teaching at Czech schools, with a particular view to the adoption and implementation in school practice of the Framework Education System and School Education System. The implementation of these changes was far from simple and encountered frequent misunderstanding and much comment from teachers. Attention is also devoted to changes in the concept of school history textbooks. In conclusion, a number of basic notes are added on the didactics of the subject as an academic field and to new trends in particular.
Higher Education Reform in Poland. An Example of Training for Candidates of Teacher Profession
Authors: Konieczka-Śliwińska Danuta
Published: January 2019

This article presents the main directions of reforms in the contemporary higher education system in Poland, focusing especially on the model of training for candidates for the teaching profession. The author highlights various changes in Polish universities, which were grounded on reflections on the constant development of didactics at the university level and on ways of understanding this, as well possible concepts of academic education. The paper discusses the most important stages in the implementation of the Bologna Process in Poland, with the resulting consequences for the higher education system. The last part of the article is devoted to a detailed presentation of the ongoing implementation of training standards for teachers, where the author draws critical attention to the increasing importance of psychological and pedagogical features.
Systematicity in Kant’s Third Critique
Authors: Cooper Andrew ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2019

Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment is often interpreted in light of its initial reception. Conventionally, this reception is examined in the work of Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, who found in Kant’s third Critique a new task for philosophy: the construction of an absolute, self-grounding system. This paper identifies an alternative line of reception in the work of physiologists and medical practitioners during the 1790s and early 1800s, including Kielmeyer, Reil, Girtanner and Oken. It argues that these naturalists called on Kant’s third Critique to solidify an experimental natural history that classifies organic form within a system of laws. Kant held both kinds of system in tension, which is why the third Critique remains a singular and provocative text.
Fauna epígea associada à fragmentação de folhedo de espécimes de Paubrasilia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil)
Authors: Cabreira Wilbert Valkinir , Lima Sandra Santana de , Santos Raissa Nascimento , Fernandes Douglath Alves Corrêa , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: January 2019

A fauna epígea atua diretamente na ciclagem biogeoquímica, através da fragmentação da serapilheira. O objetivo deste estudo é associar o processo de fragmentação do folhedo de três diferentes espécimes de Paubrasilia echinata Lam (tratamentos PB1, PB2 e PB3) com os principais componentes da fauna epígea, em diferentes áreas do Jardim Botânico da Universidade Rural Federal do Rio de Janeiro em Seropédica, RJ. A técnica dos litterbags foi utilizada para avaliar a fragmentação do folhedo e as armadilhas pitfall para avaliar a fauna epígea. Para cada tratamento, utilizaram-se 21 litterbags, sendo recolhidos três destes em um período quinzenal de 210 dias e, cinco pitfalls por tratamento, coletados no período seco, período de transição e período chuvoso do ano 2016. Para todos os espécimes, a taxa de decomposição foi mais significativa nos primeiros dias de avaliação. O tratamento PB3 tem o maior tempo de meia-vida, com 338 dias. O grupo taxonômico Formicidae é o mais representativo em todos os tratamentos, tanto no período seco como no período de transição; no período chuvoso, Poduromorpha é o que apresenta a melhor abundância em todos os tratamentos. Estes resultados indicam que a frequência relativa dos organismos da fauna epígea é diretamente influenciada pelas condições climáticas.
Tendências europeias na indexação por assunto de ficção narrativa
Authors: Almeida Patrícia De
Published: January 2019

A indexação é uma prática antiga e um trabalho complexo, nomeadamente no processo de determinação do assunto. Tratando-se de indexação de Literatura ficcional, a questão torna-se mais difícil, devido à subjetividade e à muldimensionalidade da obra literária. Tradicionalmente, a Literatura não é indexada e os sistemas classificatórios abordam-na pela forma/género literário. Ao longo dos últimos anos, foram surgindo instrumentos de indexação por assunto de ficção narrativa que mostram que esta é possível e necessária. Neste cenário, procura-se saber como se estão a comportar os principais serviços e sistemas de informação europeus, no que toca à indexação de narrativas ficcionais. Para tal, realiza-se um estudo de caso exploratório. Os resultados permitem concluir que a maioria dos países não efetua indexação por assunto de narrativa ficcional e aqueles que efetivamente a fazem localizam-se no norte da Europa. São, portanto, necessários mais estudos e instrumentos para que esta prática se generalize.
Programa de atividade física melhora aspectos da depressão e aptidão física de dependentes químicos
Authors: Silva Marciel José , Bernardes Péricles Soares , Borges Amanda Rodrigues , Soares Viviane
Published: January 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da atividade física em caráter de lazer sobre os sintomas de ansiedade e da aptidão física de dependentes químicos e, analisou também algumas valências físicas como promoção de saúde. Por meio de um estudo de campo de carater experimental sem grupo de controle no Centro de Reabilitação e Amparo Bom Jardim – Distrito de Interlândia – Anápolis – Goiás. Participaram do estudo 8 internos adultos, homens, em tratamento voluntário na unidade. Foram realizadas 12 intervenções. Após uma abordagem inicial foi aplicado o questionário de ansiedade e depressão de BECK e os testes de aptidão física antes e depois das intervenções. Após a intervenção, os participantes realizaram maior número de flexões de membro superior (p=0,03) e percorreu maior distância (200m) no teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (p=0,002). Foi constado através do inventario de depressão de BECK que 4 internos se encontravam em estado de depressão mínima e 4 apresentavam score moderado de depressão. Com a intervenção foi reduzido o escore de 9 (5) para 3 (3) (p<0,001).
Desenvolvimento e validação cruzada de equações preditivas de massa livre de gordura por bioimpedanciometria, para homens brasileiros de 20 a 59 anos de idade
Authors: Costa Roberto Fernandes , Masset Kalina Bezerra , Sousa Elys Costa , Cabral Breno Tinoco , Dantas Paulo Silva
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver e validar equação preditiva de massa livre de gordura por bioimpedanciometria para homens da população brasileira. Foram avaliados 203 homens de 20 a 59 anos de idade, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: desenvolvimento (102) e validação cruzada (101). A técnica padrão foi a Abortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DEXA). Teste t pareado, regressão múltipla e plotagem de Bland-Altman foram utilizados para testar a validade do modelo proposto. A equação derivada pelo estudo foi: MLG = 17,57 + 0,348 (Estatura2/Resistência) + 0,513 Massa Corporal – 0,283 Perímetro Abdominal + 0,079 Reatância – 0,038 idade; coeficiente de correlação de concordância – CCC = 0,937; r2= 0,89; erro padrão de estimativa – EPE = 2,55 kg; erro puro – EP = 2,51 kg. Com isso, a nova equação proposta proporciona estimativa válida da massa livre de gordura, sendo recomendada para homens com características semelhantes.
Exercício físico e avaliação da capacidade funcional de um idoso com Parkinson
Authors: Araújo Lucas Pinto , Rodrigues Ana Patrícia Guimarães
Published: January 2019

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a associação de um Programa de Exercício Físico (PEF) com a capacidade funcional de um idoso acometido pela Doença de Parkinson (DP). Esta pesquisa teve um participante do sexo masculino, 70 anos, caracterizando um estudo de caso. O PEF foi realizado duas vezes por semana, 45 minutos de duração, durante 27 meses. Os testes funcionais realizados foram: velocidade de reação, equilíbrio estático e sit-and-reach. Foram realizadas seis avaliações funcionais periodicamente após o início das atividades. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste de correlação Spearman. Nos testes de velocidade de reação os resultados apresentaram força de correlação positiva fraca (+ 0.14) (p= 0.78). Nos testes de equilíbrio os resultados apresentaram força de correlação positiva fraca (+ 0.25) (p= 0.62). Nos testes sit-and-reach, os resultados com a perna direita apresentaram força de correlação positiva fraca (+ 0.23) (p= 0.65) e com a perna esquerda, força de correlação inexistente (0.00) (p= 1.00). De acordo com os resultados apresentados, não houve associação significativa do PEF com a capacidade funcional do idoso.
Livro didático em educação física: as experiências públicas de João Pessoa e do Paraná
Authors: Carlos Camila Batista , Melo José Pereira
Published: January 2019

No cotidiano escolar, comumente utilizado em vários componentes curriculares, o livro didático aparece como um dos materiais possíveis para auxiliar o exercício docente. Tal recurso, utilizado tanto para o docente quanto para o estudante, permite um encadeamento do que deve ser pauta nas relações educativas, através de propostas de atividades e textos que norteiam discussões, vivências e pesquisas. Foi no Estado do Paraná o pioneirismo na produção do livro didático público para a Educação Física escolar, uma iniciativa similar encontrada no Nordeste, é a publicação do Livro Público do Município de João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba.  A pesquisa tem o objetivo principal de analisar os livros didáticos para o ensino da Educação Física escolar desses dois sistemas públicos de ensino, que contemplam níveis de ensino diferentes e representativos para a área de atuação profissional, considerando as configurações das obras e seus conteúdos. Com o caráter qualitativo, a pesquisa se encaminha para as discussões a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011).  Por terem a característica da disponibilidade online podem servir de material de apoio para outros professores de outros sistemas de ensino, não exclusivamente para aquele espaço geográfico que foi primeiramente pensado e escrito.
O videogame ativo como estratégia do profissional de educação física no auxílio do tratamento de câncer infanto-juvenil
Authors: Carvalho Talita Pires , Freitas Clara Monteiro
Published: January 2019

Buscou-se conhecer e analisar a percepção de crianças e adolescentes acerca da utilização do videogame ativocomo uma estratégia do profissional de educação física para auxiliar no enfrentamento do período de hospitalização de crianças e adolescentes para tratamento de câncer. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação que envolveu 14 pacientes com média de idade de 11,21 anos, internados no Centro Hospitalar de Oncohematologia Pediátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz em Recife, Pernambuco. Utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada, da observação participante e do diário de campo para coleta de dados. Foram utilizados o X-Box 360 com Kineckte jogos de esporte e dança.  Os resultados apontaram a aceitação do grupo de pacientes em relação aos jogos do videogame ativo, configurando-o em uma possível estratégia do profissional de educação física para auxiliar no de enfrentamento do período de hospitalização para tratamento oncológico.
Animal agency, animal awareness and animal welfare
Authors: Špinka M
Published: January 2019

In nature, animals need to actively engage with the environment in order to prosper in survival and reproduction. Hence, agency is a central adaptive characteristic of animal life. In this paper, I propose that from the adaptive/functional point of view, four levels of agency can be distinguished, namely passive/reactive agency (animal being behaviourally passive or purely reactive), action-driven agency (animal behaviourally pursuing current desirable outcomes), competence-building agency (animal engaging with the environment to gain skills and information for future use) and aspirational agency (the animal achieving long-term goals through planning and autobiographical reflection). Recent progress in affective neurobiology indicates that each tier of agency is supported by a different type of affective functioning, at least in the case of mammals. Furthermore, the particular agency levels can be linked to distinct degrees of awareness as defined by recent selfhood theories. Based on this coupling between agency adaptive functioning, affective neurobiology and animal awareness levels, I examine several links between animal agency and animal welfare, including the notion of animal boredom, and discuss how animal agency might be promoted in the restrictive frameworks of intensive animal farming.
How happy is your pet? The problem of subjectivity in the assessment of companion animal welfare
Authors: Serpell JA
Published: January 2019

The ability to evaluate the welfare of non-human animals accurately and objectively is influenced by a variety of factors including the nature of our relationships with them. Subjective biases in the perception of an animal's quality of life can have either positive or negative consequences for its welfare and are likely to be particularly exaggerated in the case of companion animals, such as dogs, cats and other pet species, with which people tend to form strong anthropomorphic, attachment-based relationships. The consequences of these subjective biases are likely to be further exacerbated by the fact that many of the physical and behavioural attributes that humans find appealing, and have selected for, in companion animals, are inherently detrimental to their welfare. Using a range of examples, this paper explores some of the complex ways in which anthropomorphism and subjectivity can cloud our ability to make reliable judgements concerning the welfare of companion animals, even in the face of seemingly obvious and overt indicators of pain and suffering.
Assessing animal welfare at the farm level: do we care sufficiently about the individual?
Authors: Winckler C
Published: January 2019

Animal welfare is generally referred to as the quality of an animal's life as experienced by the individual animal. On-farm welfare assessment, however, usually relies on both individual and group measures. As regards the latter, individual animals are not identified (eg incidence of stereotypic behaviour in a pen) or features of the whole group (eg score obtained from qualitative behaviour assessment) are used. This raises the question whether our current approaches to on-farm assessment sufficiently consider the individual nature of animal welfare. Measures assessed at the group level bear the disadvantage that distribution across group members may be skewed and the most affected individuals are not necessarily identified. However, the importance of knowing about the welfare state of individual animals depends on the purpose of the assessment. If the primary aim is farm assurance, the individual animal is of lesser importance, but non-compliance with thresholds at herd/farm level or comparison with peer farms may induce change. Using individual measures in a sample of animals means that animals not sampled but requiring intervention, eg for treatment of lameness, would have to be identified subsequently. Measures truly taken at the group level make individual interventions difficult, but interventions implemented at the group level (eg reducing stocking density) do not necessarily require information on the individual animal. Automatic detection of welfare-relevant states has received increased attention and identifying individual animals with impaired welfare seems to be promising. Automated early detection of problems may also reduce the ethical dilemma that traditional assessments at the end of the production cycle, eg in broiler chickens, may identify welfare impairments but not directly benefit the affected animals. Reflection on individual and group measures and their consequences for animal welfare may help in interpreting the outcomes of the assessments and stimulate future developments in the field.
Rethinking the Role of Lawyers for Children : Child Representation in Canadian Family Relationship Cases
Authors: Bala Nicholas , Birnbaum Rachel
Published: January 2019

This article examines various methods for involving children in family and child welfare proceedings, surveys varying approaches in different Canadian jurisdictions to the appointment of counsel for children in these cases, and explores the controversies about the role of counsel for children. While child representation is becoming common, in most provinces it is usually limited to welfare proceedings involving older children. All jurisdictions, however, have some provisions to allow for child participation in family relationship cases. Governments and law societies in Canada should develop more coherent and comprehensive programs and policies to ensure that the views of children are considered in the family justice process in a child-focused and cost-efficient manner. There needs to be more recognition of the role of lawyers in facilitating settlement. Appointment of counsel is, however, not always the best way to involve children ; if the child is willing to share views, in some cases this may be better done by a judicial interview, a Views of the Child Report or an assessment. There should be a presumption that counsel will be an instructional advocate, but if a child lacks the capacity or willingness to instruct counsel, counsel should be an advocate for the rights and interests of the child. Regardless of the role adopted, counsel for a child also has responsibility for introducing significant evidence not otherwise before the court.
De placas de linterna mágica en España: dos estudios de análisis de contenido al servicio de la arqueología de los media
Authors: Frutos Francisco Javier , López Carmen , Cerezo Marta
Published: January 2019

Las sesiones que combinaban la proyección de imágenes, la recitación de textos y la interpretación de melodías musicales alcanzaron entre los siglos xix y xx una importante relevancia sociocultural en España. Para sus fines, dichas sesiones se sirvieron de un nuevo dispositivo que adoptó denominaciones como fantascopio, megascopio, microscopio solar o linterna de proyección, y que dio nombre a un medio de comunicación social muy popular conocido bajo el término de linterna mágica. A pesar de la indudable influencia que tuvo en la España contemporánea, la presencia de la linterna mágica en el ámbito académico siempre ha sido residual. Afortunadamente, desde hace dos décadas, se ha producido un cambio de tendencia más acorde con su relevancia cultural, en buena medida, gracias a la renovación y el empuje introducido por la arqueología de los media. Ante el interés científico creciente hacia un objeto de estudio tan extenso como la linterna mágica en España, el presente texto resume, tras una breve e introductoria historia de la linterna mágica en España, dos estudios de análisis de contenido aplicados a las placas de linterna mágica diseminadas en los fondos patrimoniales del Estado español.
Symbola: divisas históricas (emblemática personal) en la Europa medieval y moderna. Diseño e implementación de la base de datos y la interfaz de consulta
Authors: López Poza Sagrario , Saavedra Places Ángeles
Published: January 2019

Symbola es una base de datos y biblioteca digital que pretende reunir (y ofrecer de manera gratuita a través de internet) divisas o empresas históricas (emblemática personal) empleadas por reyes, caballeros y damas, eclesiásticos, académicos, impresores, etc. entre los siglos XIV-XVII. El objetivo del grupo que ha acometido el trabajo (SIELAE, Grupo Hispania, de la Universidade da Coruña) es registrar y estudiar el mayor número posible de divisas o empresas españolas, europeas y americanas en diversas fases de desarrollo. Este trabajo expone el planteamiento y objetivos, la justificación de la necesidad de crear una base de datos de acceso abierto en internet, las especificaciones para el diseño conceptual de la base de datos y detalles sobre el desarrollo de la herramienta web de gestión y la interfaz web de consulta.
Fotogrametría y análisis lumínico. Interacciones en el estudio de la arquitectura barroca
Authors: Luengo Pedro , Luengo Javier
Published: January 2019

Las humanidades digitales ponen a disposición de los investigadores nuevas herramientas para solventar cuestiones que hasta este momento resultaban inaccesibles, y no solo fórmulas para visualizar con un aspecto más actualizado y atractivo propuestas por otro lado tradicionales. En este contexto, este artículo pretende demostrar que el uso combinado de la fotogrametría y el análisis lumínico forman ya una herramienta útil para solucionar cuestiones planteadas por la historiografía sobre arquitectura, en especial para la época barroca. En esta ocasión, se estudia exclusivamente la utilización de la luz natural en espacios religiosos, sin especial atención por el momento al uso de las velas. Para ello se ha tomado un caso concreto, el de la iglesia conventual de San Jacinto (Sevilla), exponiéndose los resultados obtenidos con la combinación de diferentes técnicas: levantamiento a partir de mediciones, fotogrametría y análisis lumínico por ordenador. Como resultado se han obtenido varios niveles de detalle que permiten evaluar cada una de ellas. Con estos datos se ha intentado dar respuesta a una cuestión científica previa: precisar con carácter preliminar lo que se había definido como espacio cueviforme determinando los niveles de lux de cada parte del edificio. Más concretamente, se ha conseguido un modelo arquitectónico del uso de la luz natural que, comparado con otros edificios estudiados previamente, permite aportar nuevos datos sobre la iluminación del espacio religioso durante la edad moderna en Andalucía, lo que puede extrapolarse también a otras zonas de la península y a otros territorios ultramarinos.
Arcontes digitales y artistas re-colectores. Poéticas de archivo en el entorno de las humanidades digitales
Authors: Monreal Jesús Fernando
Published: January 2019

Este artículo aborda la intersección entre arte y humanidades digitales (HD), mediante el análisis de algunas prácticas artísticas de documentación y coleccionismo que se vienen realizado en un entorno definido por lo online y lo offline. De manera particular, indago cómo la apropiación que algunos artistas hacen de tecnologías de búsqueda para el registro, la selección, organización, configuración, clasificación y gestión de la información está reconfigurando las poéticas de archivo y coleccionismo. La presencia de las TICS en el arte reconfigura la ontología del archivo, ya que estas emergen en el marco de hibridaciones entre humanos y sustancias artificiales. Esto es lo que llamo el arconte digital: una forma de subjetivación que opera anclada al discernimiento algorítmico, percibiendo estímulos como indicaciones y respondiendo a ellos mediante la diseminación de datos. Finalmente, a partir de lo que llamo archivo en enjambre, analizo las lógicas de agrupación de objetos o datos caracterizados por la obesidad de la información digital, la falta de congregación, ausencia de similitud y semejanza, lo que parece estar cuestionando la idea moderna de archivo como contenido documental o institucional, así como su dependencia de principios como el respect des fonds.
Payasas & Xoxo Clown Show: marcos teóricos, metodológicos y epistemológicos de una investigación social y artística
Authors: Lima Caminha Melissa , Vidiella Pagès Judit
Published: January 2019

Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre el lugar y la función que el proyecto artístico Xoxo Clown Show ha tenido en el marco de la investigación «Payasas: historias, cuerpos y formas de representar la comicidad desde una perspectiva de género». Para esto, hago una breve presentación de dicha investigación, explicando sus marcos metodológico-epistemológicos: investigación feminista, investigación artística e investigación basada en las artes (IBA). En seguida, son presentados la sinopsis, los objetivos y otros puntos relevantes del proyecto Xoxo Clown Show. Las reflexiones sobre este apuntan hacia una indagación artística que se desarrolla dentro de un marco más amplio de investigación feminista e investigación social basada en las artes. Proyecto artístico y proyecto académico se nutren mutuamente, en un rico proceso de intercambio entre ejercicio crítico, sistematización teórica y práctica artística de puesta en escena del espectáculo.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as biomarker of inflammation in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Malčić-Zanić Dragana , Ljuboja Olivera , Bukara-Radujković Gordana , Petrović-Tepić Snežana
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Recent researches have shown that a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can be the marker of chronic inflammation. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the serum hs-CRP concentration can be used as biomarker of inflammation in children with acute asthma attack and allergic rhinitis, as well as whether the monitoring of hs-CRP concentration can be an indicator of therapy success in children suffering from asthma. Methods. The study included 60 patients (30 of them with asthma and 30 with allergic rhinitis), both sexes, aged 7 to 14 years. Apart from being questioned about personal and family history, all patients underwent lung function and serum hs-CRP tests. The concentration of hs-CRP was measured by the latex particle immunoturbidimetric assay. In the group of children with asthma, measuring was performed before and three days after the therapy. Results. Patients with asthma had statistically significant higher levels of allergic sensitization, other associated allergic diseases, higher serum IgE concentrations, and lower levels of lung functions compared with those with allergic rhinitis. The values of hs-CRP (0.43 mg/l) were significantly higher in asthma patients than in those with allergic rhinitis (0.21 mg/l) (p= 0.002). 26.67% of patients with asthma had the hs-CRP values above the reference range, while all patients with allergic rhinitis had hs-CRP in the reference range. After a three-day therapy, the hs-CRP values were still maintained above the reference interval in four patients with asthma (13.33%) Conclusion. The research has showed that hs-CRP can be used as a biomarker of acute allergic inflammation in children with asthma and thus be a therapeutic response indicator.
Chronic kidney disease biomarkers in populations at risk: Results of screening study carried out in Priboj
Authors: Krsmanović Svetlana
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Chronic kidney diseases are global health problem and thus close attention is devoted to their prevention and early detection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease biomarkers in three groups at risk. Methods. The study included 77 persons divided into three groups: (1) 31 patients with hypertension that had lasted for five years; (2) 30 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed five or more years ago and (3) 16 examinees, aged ≥ 60, without hypertension and diabetes. All patients participated in the survey, after which blood pres-sure, body mass index, glucose serum level and urea and creatinine serum level were measured. Urine albumin and protein were determined by urine dipstick test and urine sediment was analyzed as well. Glomerular filtra-tion rate (GFR) was estimated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation 4. Results. These three groups were matched for gender and more than a half of patients with hypertension and diabetes were aged ≥ 60 years. Among patients with diabetes, 26 patients (86.6%) had hypertension, while overweight was found in 67.7% of patients with hypertension, 76.7% of those with diabetes and 25% of exam-inees aged ≥ 60 years. Normal blood pressure range had more than two-thirds of patients with hypertension and diabetes, and ACEI was used by 74.2% of patients with hypertension and 80% of patients with diabetes. Fasting serum glucose level was above 6.1 mmol/L in 23 (76.6%) of patients with diabetes. GFR below 60 ml/ min/1.73m 2 had 7 (22.6%) patients with hypertension, 14 (46.7%) patients with diabetes and 3 (18.8%) persons aged ≥ 60 years. Pathologic albuminuria (≥ 20 mg/L) had 22 (61%) patients with hypertension, 25 (83.4%) pa-tients with diabetes and 10 (62.5%) examinees aged ≥ 60 years. Conclusion. Although the applied screening methods could overestimate the frequency of examined biomark-ers for chronic kidney disease, the results of the study confirmed the importance of regular control of kidney function in population at risk for chronic kidney disease.
Effect of type of sport, weekly physical exertion and body mass index on values of bone turnover markers in elite female athletes
Authors: Ponorac Nenad , Šobot Tanja , Rašeta Nela
Published: January 2019

Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the level of bone turnover markers (serum middle fragment of osteocalcin and b-CrossLaps) in young female athletes involved in different sports, as well as to determine the relation between bone turnover markers (BMT) and type of sports activity, weekly physical exertion and body mass index. Methods. Out of a total of 111 female participants, 78 of them were elite athletes while the control group consisted of 33 female students of the faculty of medicine, of a similar age. Athletes with any kind of menstrual irregularity (N=18) were excluded from the study. Therefore, the sample was comprised of 27 basketball and handball players, 11 middleand long-distance runners and 22 dancers. Results. Athletes belonging to ball game group had significantly greater body mass index and sport experience compared to the other two groups, while the dancers had the lowest weekly physical exertion. There was a statistically significant difference in serum level of osteocalcin bone markers (49.55 ± 16.83 vs. 36.13 ± 7.26; p = 0.001) and b-CrossLaps (0.75 ± 0.25 vs. 0.53 ± 0.14; p = 0.001) between female athletes and the control group respondents. Ball game players had a greater osteogenic effect compared to runners and dancers (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results revealed significant connection between weekly physical exertion and body mass index on the one hand and BMT level on the other hand. Conclusion. Chronic physical activity exerts an osteogenic effect, which is made evident by the concentration of serum level of osteocalcin significantly connected with weekly physical exertion.
Status of orofacial musculature and articulation in children who stutter
Authors: Dobrota-Davidović Nada
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Orofacial musculature dysfunction in children is one of the causes of articulation disorders, however, articulation disorders associated with stuttering make communication particularly difficult. The aim of the study is to compare the state of oral praxis and voice articulation in primary school children who stutter with the state of oral praxis and voice articulation in children of the same age who do not stutter. Methods. The sample consisted of experimental and control group, The experimental group included 31 patients belonging to the Institute for Psychophisiological Disorders and Speech Pathology "Prof. dr Cvetko Brajović". On the other hand, the control group comprised 31 primary school children who do not stutter. The instruments used in this research are the following: Global test of articulation, Oral praxis test (TOP) and Test for functional examination of orofacial musculature. In statistical analysis, the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman Rho coefficient were used. Results. The distribution of patients according to the degree of stuttering was not uniform but in the majority of patient intermediate degree of stuttering was recorded (ch2 = 6.4516; p = 0.0397). The Oral praxis test revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups concerning the marks given for items such as licking the lips in circle and fans (p < 0.05). The comparison of TOP results with the degree of stuttering showed that none of the variables examined by TOP depended upon the degree of stuttering. The result of the Test for functional examination of orofacial musculature showed a statistically significant difference in only one item - licking the lips in circle (ch2 = 3.72; p ≈ 0.05). The Global test of articulation indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups where the pronunciation of speech sounds /d/ and /r/ was concerned. Conclusion. In primary school children who stutter as well as in those who do not stutter, there is a certain degree of difficulty where the proper execution of movements of oral praxis and incorrect articulation are concerned. It has not been shown that orofacial musculature dysfunction significantly affects the occurence of stuttering.
Gut microbiota and uremic toxins produced in intestines in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Mitrović Miloš , Dimković Nada
Published: January 2019

In recent years, academic publishing excited a considerable interest in gut microbiota and its role in human health maintenance. In patients with chronic renal failure, gut microbiota is altered due to increased blood urea nitrogen and metabolic acidosis, specific diet and therapy, as well as prolonged intestinal transit time. Protein-fermenting bacteria such as E. coli, Bacteroides and Ruminicoccus spp dominate gut microbiota in patients with chronic renal failure. Therefore, the key nephroand cardiovascular toxins, such as indoxyl-sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl-sulfate (PCS) are produced in the gut mucosa. The important impact of increased serum levels of IS and PCS on cardiovascular comorbidity and further deterioration of renal function has been witnessed by numerous observational and animal studies. There are several therapeutic strategies for lowering serum levels of IS and PCS as well as their toxic effect. The use of synbiotics, preand probiotics, in order to modulate gut microbiota is the most optimal solution currently used. Probiotic cultures of Bifidobacter and Lactobacillus have presented themselves as the ones with the greatest potential to limit the growth of protein-fermenting bacteria responsible for the production of uremic toxins. Nevertheless, there is still a need for more well-designed prospective interventional studies, as well as for controls with well-defined diet restrictions, in order to establish definitive value of this kind of therapy in patients with chronic renal failure.
The Misdiagnosis of Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Three Case Presentations
Authors: Markinson Bryan C. , Stowers Jered M. , Black Alexandra , Saccomanno Rosario , Desman Garrett
Published: January 2019

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a disease that is found on the palms, soles, and nail beds. Because these areas are not often examined during general medical examinations, the presence of ALM often goes unnoticed or the diagnosis is delayed. Research shows that the misdiagnosis of ALM is common, reported between 20% and 34%. We present three cases of ALM that were initially misdiagnosed and referred to the senior author (B.C.M.) in an effort to assess why misdiagnosis is common. The existing literature illuminates clinical pitfalls in diagnosing ALM. The differential diagnosis of many different podiatric skin and nail disorders should include ALM. Although making the correct diagnosis is essential, the prognosis is affected by the duration of the disease and level of invasiveness. Unfortunately, most of the reported misdiagnosed cases are of a later stage and worse prognosis. This review highlights that foot and ankle specialists should meet suspect lesions with a heightened index of suspicion and perform biopsy when acral nonhealing wounds and/or lesions are nonresponsive to treatment.
Individual and flock immunity responses of naïve ducks on smallholder farms after vaccination with H5N1 Avian Influenza vaccine: a study in a province of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Hoa Thi Thanh , Truong Liem Tan , Meeyam Tongkorn , Le Hien Thanh , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Published: January 2019

In Vietnam, vaccination has played a crucial role in the national strategy for the prevention and control of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This study aimed to evaluate antibody responses of immunologically naïve domestic ducks to H5N1 avian influenza vaccine currently used in the national mass vaccination program of Vietnam. Blood samples of 166 ducks reared on smallholder farms were individually collected at three sampling time points, namely, right before vaccination, 21 days after primary vaccination, and 21 days after booster vaccination. Vaccine-induced antibody titers of duck sera were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Temporal differences in mean antibody titers were analyzed using the generalized least-squares method. No sampled ducks showed anti-H5 seropositivity pre-vaccination. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the vaccinated ducks was 5.30 after primary vaccination, with 80% of the vaccinated ducks showing seropositivity. This result indicates that the immunity of duck flocks met the targets of the national poultry H5N1 HPAI mass vaccination program. GMT and seropositive rates of the ducks were 6.48 and 96.3%, respectively, after booster vaccination, which were significantly higher than those after primary vaccination. Flock-level seroprotection rate significantly increased from 68% to 84.7%, whereas variability in GMT titers decreased from 34.87% to 26.3%. This study provided important information on humoral immune responses of ducks to the currently used H5N1 vaccine under field conditions. Our findings may help guide veterinary authorities in planning effective vaccine protocols for the prevention and control of H5N1 in the target poultry population.
CONJUNTURA
Authors: Peixoto Elza Margarida de Mendonça , Morschbacher Márcia , Freitas Francisco Máuri de Carvalho
Published: January 2019

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