bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giacomo Puccini's Operatic Legacy and Its Study in the Practice of Vocalists
Authors: SEMKIN Dmitry , BUSHUEVA Lyubov
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the Opera legacy of Giacomo Puccini from the standpoint of philosophy and practical vocal pedagogy, which, according to the authors, is necessary for the formation of vocal and performing skills of young singers of the academic direction. The authors suggest a historical overview of the main works of the composer in this genre, based on the study of their vocal characteristics, the author reveals the features of his unique Arioso-recitative style. On the basis of various research methods (among which the special place is occupied by the philosophical, aesthetic, vocal-technical and methodological analysis) concluded, that vocal performance the point of view of the works G. Puccini are useful for the development of vocalists ' singing breath, musicality, imaginative thinking, mastering of the technique of cantilena, continuous legato (as the basis of belcanto), improving the timbral colors of the voice, its dynamic nuances, developing the right senses of agogics.

The above is confirmed by the analysis of the peculiarities of the technique of performance and interpretation of one of the composer's most famous works for the tenor repertoire – Calaf's Aria "Nessun dorma" from the Opera "Turandot" (which was the main subject of this study).
Memes as the Phenomenon of Modern Digital Culture
Authors: VITIUK Iryna , POLISHCHUK Olena , KOVTUN Nataliia , FED Volodymyr
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes an Internet meme as the newest information product of the society and a result of its intellectual and artistic practices. The analysis of the role of the Internet memes, created by means of the popular artistic images modification in the modern digital culture is made. Such methods as semiotic and hermeneutic analysis of the Internet memes are used in the research work. The authors seek to explore the reasons for the popularity of memes in the processes of symbolic production and exchange in contemporary society and the modern digital culture, which is the purpose of this study. We consider that Internet meme created by using and modifying artistic images is a new phenomenon in human public life and new type of communication. As a hypothesis, a distinctive feature of the Internet meme is the surprise and laughter it causes in the “man of the Internet”. The main result of this article is the analysis the role of Internet memes in the newest information space and their specific features as a special information product of the modern digital culture. The authors draw attention to the popularity of Internet memes caused by an increase in information chaos in the modern symbolic production and exchange and, therefore, a person’s confusion when meeting a large number of information.
Anthropology of Smells: History and Modernity
Authors: AVAKYAN Laura , GOLUBEVA Svetlana , TSIMMERMAN Galina , SHCHERBAKOV Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Smell, as evidenced by modern science, is one of the most significant factors influencing human consciousness and behavior. This is due not only to the biological aspects of its origin and the actualization of the bodily being of a human, but also to deeply rooted in culture and society stereotypes and patterns of perception that determine the value system, cognitive attitudes and social structure of each particular culture. This is the essence of relevance of the project of historization and anthropologization of smell, based on the original model of describing the transformation of human cultural practices, which equally takes into account the natural and social aspects of human life and can identify the regulatory mechanisms, order and principles of sociocultural changes. Although a modern man does not fully realize the power of olfactory area of his sense empire, this does not free him from the power of reflex reactions, cultural norms and social demarcations, originating in the olfactory receptivity. Perhaps, that is why the rationalistic ideal of deodorization has not been achieved by modern perfumers, who only mask, but not destroy smells, that are, in some sense, completely indestructible, because they can effectively shape a person’s cultural identity, historical memory and even self-awareness.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI HAFALAN AL-QUR'AN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH AL-HUDA KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: AMPO ILHAM , Arif Muh.
Published: August 2020

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan Implementasi Hafalan Al-Qur’an terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Huda Kota Gorontalo bahwasanya mengikuti program tahfiz peserta didik senantiasa terlatih untuk mempermantap bacaan Al-Qur’an mengetahui penerapan ilmu tajwid yang baik dan benar. Strategi implementasi hafalan Al-Qur’an bagi peserta didik ialah untuk menuntun siswa agar mudah dalam mengahafal Al-Qur’an, peserta didik yang ikut serta dalam program tahfiz rata-rata memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam membaca Al-Qur’an yang baik dan benar berdasarkan kaidah tajwid, serta memiliki hafalan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang nantinya menjadi bekal dasar untuk memperdalam ilmu pengetahuan agama. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah guru tahfiz di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Huda Kota Gorontalo terus meningkatkan sumber daya dalam strategi hafalan Al-Qur’an untuk menunjang proses kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya mata pelajaran yang membidangi Al-Qur’an seperti Al-Qur’an Hadist, Ilmu Al-Qur’an Tajwid dan Tahfiz. Kepada semua komponen yang ada di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Huda Kota Gorontalo yakni pihak yayasan, komite, orang tua dan kepala sekolah, diharapkan dapat bekerjasama untuk kelancaran program pendidikan terutama pada program tahfiz Al-Qur’an.

Kata Kunci: Strategi, Hafalan Al-Qur’an, dan Hasil Belajar.
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM TRADISI MERTI DESO DI DESA SUKU MENANTI REJANG LEBONG, BENGKULU
Authors: Prianto Dedik , Asha Lukman , Jaya Guntur Putra
Published: August 2020

This study aimed at finding out Islamic education values embedded in the tradition of Merti Deso in Suku Menanti Village, Sindang Jati District, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study encompassed observation and interviews conducted periodically. After the data were collected, the data were further analyzed by means of Miles, Haberman, and Saldana’s version of stages, namely data selection, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. This study concluded that the Islamic education values embedded in the tradition of Merti Deso were religious and spiritual values, muamalah/social values, and economic values.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE ROTE LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU TAJWID
Authors: Ramhadi Ramhadi
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed at finding out the portrayal of rote learning method implementation which was applied by the coaches of TPQ al-Barokah in Kampung Melayu Village, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. This study used a qualitative approach. The data were gathered by means of observation and interview techniques. After the data were collected, the data were analyzed using phases referring to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana comprising data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion. The findings of this study concluded that the rote learning method for Tajwid learning was considered very effective to be applied, and its merit was evident in students’ competence in the recitation of Qur’an at TPQ al-Barokah. Their competence was seen when they were re-examined by their Qur’anic coaches, and they could provide examples of Tajwid’s application in the Qur-an properly and correctly.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TERPADU: SEBUAH KAJIAN TEORITIK
Authors: Samsuri Suriadi
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang sistem pendidikan Islam terpadu yang merupakan suatu sistem pendidikan yang memadukan antara sistem pendidikan pesantren yang berorientasi pada pembinaan imtak, dengan sistem pendidikan sekolah umum yang berorientasi pada pembinaan iptek dan keterampilan fungsional yang berorientasi pada siap pakai untuk kerja dan berwira usaha. Lahirnya Sistem Pendidikan Islam Terpadu dilatarbelakangi oleh: (1) Adanya dikotomi antara ilmu umum dengan ilmu agama yang berimplikasi pada pesatnya kemajuan di bidang pengetahuan dan teknologi sementara pengetahuan agama diabaikan, atau sebaliknya pengetahuan keagamaan maju tetapi wawasan ilmu dan teknologi yang dimiliki anak didik rendah. (2) Adanya dikotomi jalur pendidikan sekolah dan luar sekolah yang berimplikasi tidak sinerginya antara kegiatan belajar, beribadah dan berkarya dengan keterampilan fungsional.
MOTIVASI, KOMUNIKASI, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA BERPENGARUH TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA GURU DI SMP NEGERI 5 DENPASAR
Authors: Pratiwi Ni Made Ariesta Yuna , Netra I Gusti Salit Ketut
Published: August 2020

Work morale is the mental attitude of individuals and groups that are able to create  work atmosphere, encourage cooperation, and can complete tasks on time. To increase morale, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that influence it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation, communication, and work environment on work morale. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Denpasar. 56 teachers are used as sampleswith saturated sampling method. Data collection collected by interviews and questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Motivation, communication, and work environment have positive and significant effect on teacher morale. SMP Negeri 5 Denpasar is expected to further improve health care, pay attention to the communication of fellow teachers, and arrange the room so that teachers feel comfortable in working.

Keywords: motivation, communication, work environment, work morale
LINGKUNGAN KERJA, STRES KERJA, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA BERPENGARUH TERHADAP LOYALITAS KARYAWAN PURI SARON SEMINYAK
Authors: Anjani Ni Luh Putu Ayu , Supartha I Wayan Gede
Published: August 2020

Employee loyalty is reflected in the attitudes and actions devoted to their abilities and expertise, carrying out tasks with responsibility, discipline, and honesty at work, creating good working relationships, maintaining the company's image and the willingness to work for a longer period of time. This study aims to analyze the influence of the work environment, work stress, and work motivation on employee loyalty in Puri Saron Seminyak. Simple Random Sampling is used with 52 respondents. Data collection through interviews and questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results shows, work environment and work motivation had a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty while work stress had a negative and significant effect on employee loyalty. Leaders should pay attention to work stress experienced by their employees. This needs to be considered that the difference between the values ??of the company and employees must be managed by the management.
IKLIM ORGANISASI BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI UBUD
Authors: Purnama Ni Luh Putu Dina , Riana I Gede
Published: August 2020

Organizational climate and high job satisfaction can increase employee organizational commitment which greatly affects the achievement of company goals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of organizational climate on organizational commitment with job satisfaction as a mediator for employees of The Sankara Resort And Spa Ubud. The study population are 62 people using the saturated sample method. Data collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using path analysis techniques and multiple tests. The results show organizational climate a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, organizational climate a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment through mediating job satisfaction, and job satisfaction partially mediates the effect of organizational climate on organizational commitment.

Keywords: organizational climate, job satisfaction, organizational commitment
PENGARUH PROGRAM KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3), LINGKUNGAN KERJA, SERTA KOMITMEN ORGANISASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Jayaputra Komang Hans , Sriathi Anak Agung Ayu
Published: August 2020

Kinerja merupakan pencapaian atas hasil kerja karyawan berdasarkan kualitas maupun kuantitas sebagai prestasi kerja dalam periode waktu tertentu yang disesuaikan dengan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Kinerja pegawai dapat diukur dalam beberapa hal yaitu pelaksanaan keselamatan kesehatan kerja (K3), lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasional terhadap kinerja karyawan pada pegawai di BPBD Provinsi Bali. Seluruh pegawai pelaksana BPBD Provinsi Bali yang berjumlah 50 orang dalam penelitian ini digunakan sebagai sampel, sehingga teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Analisis yang digunakan terdiri dari analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), lingkungan kerja dan komitmen organisasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai di BPBD Provinsi Bali. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin baik pelaksanaan program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang diterapkan oleh pegawai, kemudian semakin baik kondisi lingkungan kerja pada BPBD Provinsi Bali dan semakin tinggi komitmen organisasional yang dimiliki pegawai BPBD Provinsi Bali, maka akan semakin tinggi pula kinerja yang ditunjukkan oleh pegawai.

Kata Kunci : keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), lingkungan kerja, komitmen organisasional, kinerja karyawan
PERAN MEDIASI STRES KERJA PADA HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA
Authors: Hutami Pramesti Ida Ayu Agung , Piartrini Putu Saroyeni
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the relationship of work stress and workload with job satisfactionand also know the role of work stress in mediating the relationship of workload with job satisfaction. The population in this study were all employees of the paramedics BRI branch of Gajah Mada Denpasar, amounting to 90 employees. The analys technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the analysis show that workload has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Jobstress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction. Workload has a positive and significan effect on work stress. The results of this study also indicate that work stres is not considered to mediate the relationship between workload and employee job satisfaction. The bank should pay attention again to the communication that is established within the company, the time given to carry out additional tasks every day more attention so that employees do not feel drained at the time of doing work given, the bank should continue to maintain the health standards that have been enforced in the bank.

Keywords: work load, job stress, job satisfaction
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE PADA PEGAWAI DITJEN PAJAK DI JAKARTA
Authors: Hidayat Maulana , Hadi Prasetyo , Ishaq Rusdi Musa
Published: August 2020

This research is a quantitative study that aims to determine the effect of Talent Management and Knowledge Management on Employee Performance through Employee Retention. The population in this study are Talent Ready Now employees at the Directorate General of Tax whose work location is in DKI Jakarta. “The sample size was taken as many as 100 respondents, with non-probability sampling methods especially perposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis technique used is the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis method.” The results of this study indicate that (1) Talent Management has a significant and positive effect on Employee Performance  (2) Talent Management indirectly has no significant and negative effect on Employee Performance through Employee Retention   (3) Knowledge Management has a significant and positive effect on Employee Performance  (4) Knowledge Management indirectly has a significant and positive effect on Employee Performance  through  Employee  Retention

Keywords: Talent Management, Knowledge Management, Employee Performance, Employee Retention
PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI
Authors: Putra I Gede Aditya Pradana , Surya Ida Bagus Ketut
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence of the effect of work stress on turnover intention with social support as a moderating variable on employees The object of this study is Turnover Intention on De vins sky Hotel Seminyak. Data collection method used was a questionnaire method. Data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis technique. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression analysis, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the analysis shows that work stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention at De vins sky Hotel Seminyak Bali. Social Support has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention at De vins sky Hotel Seminyak Bali. Social support is able to moderate (weaken) the relationship between work stress and turnover intention at De vins sky Hotel Seminyak Bali.

Keywords: work stress, social support, turnover intention
PENGARUH KEPUASAN PELANGGAN, KEPERCAYAAN PELANGGAN DAN SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN BAJA PADA PT SUMINSURYAMESINDOLESTARI
Authors: Simanjuntak Demak Claudia Yosephine , Salimi Vicdy Anche , Louis Vincent , Johanes Toni
Published: August 2020

Customer satisfaction plays an important role in efforts to improve purchasing decisions. The research objective is to test and analyze the influence of Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust and Distribution Channels on Steel Purchasing Decisions at PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan. This research uses descriptive quantitative method with the population in this study amounting to 204 customers of PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan and the samples in this study were 134 customers, the sampling technique used is random sampling and significant towards the Steel Purchasing Decision at PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan. Increasing these three variables both partially and together can increase purchasing decisions optimally. So it is suggested that the company can improve and improve both variables within the company.

Keywords: customer satisfaction, customer trust, distribution channels, purchasing decision
AUDIT KESELAMATAN JALAN TOL KUNCIRAN-SERPONG
Authors: Natalia Liana Fentani , Setyarini Ni Luh Putu Shinta Eka
Published: August 2020

The imbalance population and number of vehicles increasing from year to year with number of roads causing traffic jam. Build toll road is the government's effort to solve traffic jam. The construction of toll roads that carried out by Government is expected to be able reduce traffic jam on arterial roads but in reality does not reduce traffic jam even though traffic jam still exist on toll roads. Traffic jam causes stress and fatigue and can lead to traffic accidents. Indonesia has a much higher mortality rate compared to other countries. Traffic accidents are influenced by three main factors: human factors, vehicle factors, and road factors. To improve road safety and high number of deaths each year, it will carried out research by direct observation using the Road Safety Audit (RSA) form of the Kunciran-Serpong Toll Road. The result of this research by direct observation on Kunciran-Serpong Toll Road in general there are still many shortcomings, such as various types of road damage and pavement, there are no signs to bend to the left or right, the drainage system is not good on several roads, and the median is not good because not all segments get fenced.ABSTRAKKetidakseimbangan antara jumlah penduduk dan jumlah kendaraan yang dari tahun ke tahun semakin bertambah dengan ruas jalan yang ada hal tersebut menyebabkan kemacetan lalu lintas. Dengan membangun jalan tol adalah upaya pemerintah dalam menangani kemacetan. Pembangunan jalan tol yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah diharapkan untuk mampu  mengurangi kemacetan yang terdapat di jalan arteri namun pada kenyataannya tidak mengurangi kemacetan bahkan jalan tol sekalipun mengalami kemacetan. Kemacetan menyebabkan stres dan lelah fisik dan pada akhirnya dapat mengakibatkan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Indonesia memiliki tingkat kematian yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya. Kecelakaan lalu lintas dipengaruhi tiga faktor utama yaitu faktor manusia, faktor kendaraan, dan faktor jalan.  Dalam rangka upaya penyelamatan jalan dan banyaknya angka kematian setiap tahunnya dilakukanlah penelitian metode observasi langung dengan mengunakan formulir Audit Keselamatan Jalan (AKR) atau Road Safety Audit (RSA) pada ruas jalan Tol Kunciran-Serpong. Hasil penelitian metode observasi langung pada jalan Tol Kunciran-Serpong secara umum masih terdapat banyak kekurangan, seperti berbagau jenis kerusakan jalan dan perkerasan, tidak ada rambu peringatan tikungan ke kiri maupun ke kanan, sistem drainase yang kurang baik pada beberapa ruas jalan, dan median yang kurang baik karena tidak semua ruas mendapatkan pemagaran.
Administrative-legal measures in the fight against alcoholism in Russia: history and modernity
Authors: Sumenkova Mariia , Katomina Viktoriya
Published: August 2020

The goal of this research is the formation of conceptual foundation for administrative-legal regulation of fight against alcoholism, cognate with the development of practical recommendations aimed at increasing the efficiency of legal measures of overcoming negative consequences caused by consumption of alcohol beverages. The relevance of this work is determined by severity of the problems related to consumption of alcohol, and as a result, degradation of population, increase in mortality rates, destruction of moral and ethical values of the people, and aggravation of criminogenic situation. The Russian government has always used the administrative-legal measures to combat alcoholism. The object of this research is the social relations in historical retrospective that emerge, develop and transform under the influence of administrative-legal measures of combating alcoholism. The subject is administrative-legal measures of the government aimed at fight against alcoholism. The comparative-legal method allowed juxtaposing the legal measures implemented in prerevolutionary, Soviet and current legislation. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem underlining the need for scientific analysis of administrative-legal measures of combating alcoholism at the domestic level and recommendations on its optimization. The major dilemma of administrative alcohol policy is that one the one hand, excessive liberalization of the consumption of alcohol beverages is the cause of alcoholization of population, while on the other – tightening of control measure leads to the increase of bootlegging, causing the drop in state revenue, as well as worsening of somatic and psychological health of the people.
Anchorage Zone Stresses Model of Interior Diaphragm for Segmental Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Werdina Ghassan M. , Aziz Omar Q.
Published: August 2020

Post-tensioning tendons in segmental box girder bridges are usually anchored in very massive diaphragms. This paper presents an analytical investigation of the anchorage zone stresses for an interior pier diaphragm and a rectangular block model (model of diaphragm anchorage zone). The failure load and load-displacement relation for the two cases were compared, a typical diaphragm for a segmental box girder bridge with external prestressing tendons and rectangular block model were analyzed by finite element program (ABAQUS). The anchorage devices were subjected to a prestressing design load which was based on the ultimate strength of the tendons. The magnitude and distribution of stresses were plotted through different paths for both the diaphragm and the block model; also the contours of stress distribution for the diaphragm and block model were compared. The results showed that the stresses and failure load for the diaphragm and rectangular block model were very close.
Accuracy Assessment of Duhok City Land use Official Maps
Authors: Kattan Raad A. , Abdulrahman Farsat H.
Published: August 2020

In this study, the geometric accuracy of four different maps for three sectors of Duhok city was assessed. The maps were produced in different periods and different techniques. One set of maps was paper plotted maps, which had to be geo-referenced. The other three maps were digitally plotted with reference to the global coordinate system UTM/WGS-84/Zone 38 N projection. A total of 51 points were identified on one reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok city prepared by the general directorate of urban planning/Kurdistan region/Iraq with the collaboration of the German company Ingenieurburo Vossing Company. The reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok governorate, is an official map that is certified and checked by the ministry of planning of the Kurdistan region to have a positional accuracy of ±1.5 cm. These points were searched for and identified on the other three maps. Discrepancies in Easting and Northings of these points were calculated, which resulted in the mean discrepancy of 2.29 m with a maximum value of 8.5 m in one event. The maximum standard deviation in dE and dN was 3.8 m. These values are reasonably accepted, considering that the maps were prepared using different techniques and a variable accuracy standard.
Evaluation the Best Random Component in Modified Thomas-Fiering Model in Generating Rainfall Data for Akre station
Authors: Aswad Fawaz Kh. , Yousif Ali A. , Ibrahim Sayran A.
Published: August 2020

In this research, the effect of random component in the modified Thomas-Fiering model to generate daily rainfall data was studied, and Akre station considered a case study. A random component with special distributions: Normal random numbers, Wilson-Hilferty (W-H) transformation, truncated W-H, and Kirby modification to W-H transformation were used. The model applied to the daily rainfall data for Akre station for available years 2000–2006 and the model used to generate the rainfall data for the years 2006 and 2007. The results showed that the correlation coefficients between the observed and generated data were 0.82 for normal random numbers, 0.77 for W-H transformation, 0.89 for truncated –W –H, and 0.87 for KM to W-H transformation. The tests of Chi-square test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, root mean squared error (RMSE) test, and mean absolute error (MAE) test were used to compare between observed and generated data. All the results have passed the Chi-square test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov, where the calculated values were less than the tabulated value at 5% significance. For the test RMSE and MAE, the truncated W-H transform was the values of at least two. Therefore, W-H transform is the best for generating the rainfall data at Akre station
Evaluation of Mix Proportions and Mechanical Properties of Normal and High-Strength Fibers Concrete
Authors: Mustafa Imad R. , Aziz Omar Q.
Published: August 2020

An experimental program is carried out to evaluate the mix design and mechanical properties of normal strength concrete (NSC) grade 40 MPa and high-strength concrete grade 60 and 80 MPa. The study investigates using silica fume to produce high-strength concrete grade 80 MPa and highlights the influence of adding steel fiber on the mechanical properties of normal and high-strength concrete. For NSC, the compressive strength is found at 7 and 28 days. While for higher strength concrete, the compressive strength is determined at 7, 28, and 56 days. The splitting tensile strength and flexural strength is determined at 28 days. Based on results, the specimens with 14% silica fume are higher compressive strength than the specimens with 10% silica fume by 21.8%. The presence of steel fiber increased the compressive strength of normal and high-strength concrete at 7, 28, and 56 days curing ages with different percentage and the steel fiber has an important role in increasing the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of normal and high-strength concrete.
De las Guerras a los Conflictos Armados Internos: la Guerra del Pacífico y el Conflicto Armado Interno Colombiano
Authors: Rivera-Ramírez Andrés Felipe
Published: August 2020

Un conflicto armado internacional implica el enfrentamiento entre dos o más estados, los cuales quieren imponer su voluntad a través del uso de la fuerza. La guerra del Pacífico fue una lucha entre tres (3) naciones hermanas, Chile, Perú y Bolivia. Las causas se pueden delimitar en tres (3): Incumplimiento de tratados internacionales anteriormente ratificados, interés por territorios fronterizos y descontento por los limites heredados por parte de la corona española en la época colonial. La pugna tuvo lugar tanto en escenarios terrestres como marítimos y produjo las ya conocidas consecuencias de cualquier enfrentamiento bélico. Sin embargo, algunas partes salieron mucho más beneficiadas al final de la guerra. Igual hecho sucedido en el conflicto interno colombiano, el cual tuvo una trascendencia histórica y una serie de consecuencias paralelas con el conflicto internacional anteriormente mencionado. Este trabajo busca analizar el hito histórico ocurrido.
Análisis Comparativo de los Programas de Pregrado en Tecnología en Salud Ocupacional y afines en Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jaraba Johon , Pérez-Márquez Fabio , Vergara-de-la-Ossa Rocio
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo, tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo de las carreras de Tecnología en Salud Ocupacional en Cartagena, la Costa Atlántica y Colombia. El trabajo fue apoyado por la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación de la Fundación Universitaria Antonio de Arévalo – UNITECNAR y su grupo de investigación Desarrollo Sostenible Urbano. El alcance del estudio comprendió la revisión de la oferta educativa desde el nivel mencionado con base en la información reportada en la plataforma del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior - SNIES del Ministerio de Educación Nacional en Colombia - MEN al año 2018. En concreto, el trabajo buscó mostrar el estado actual de la formación en el campo de la profesión para lo cual comparó múltiples variables para los programas existentes por regiones, visualizando las tendencias generales. Para conseguir el objetivo, se utilizaron los métodos y técnicas estadísticas de análisis descriptivo, modelos lineales generalizados y análisis de componentes principales. Entre los resultados, se muestra que los programas así denominados, están dentro de los parámetros académicos nacionales e internacionales y que su denominación es coherente con la naturaleza del campo de conocimiento al cual pertenecen con su respectivo nivel académico, además del grupo de características que los identifican y constituyen particularidades. También se muestra la necesidad y pertinencia de programas de esa denominación en la ciudad de Cartagena y resalta la existencia de programas similares en mayor cuantía en ciertas regiones del país, principalmente en la zona andina, lo cual justifica la necesidad de formación en la disciplina en el nivel del programa analizado.
Kegagalan Tokoh Riano dalam Mempertahankan Kestatisan Identitas Gender
Authors: Kurnianto Ery Agus
Published: August 2020

Identitas gender seseorang, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, menjadi dinamis karena faktor lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Kedinamisan identitas gender menunjukkan bahwa identitas diri seseorang bukanlah sesuatu yang bersifat absolut. Hal tersebut terepresentasi dalam novel Boy-Boy Love Story karya Salsa Ivy. Makalah ini akan membahas kegagalan tokoh Riano pada novel Boy-Boy Love Story karya Salsa Ivy dalam mempertahankan kestatisan identitas gendernya. Tujuan makalah ini adalah mendeskripsikan kegagalan tokoh Riano dalam mempertahankan kestatisan identitas gendernya. Teori identitas Stuart Hall, yaitu identitas sebagai proses being dan becoming yang tidak pernah statis dan akan selalu berubah, akan digunakan sebagai titik tolak untuk mengungkapkan kegagagalan tokoh  Riano dalam mempertahankan kestatisan identitas gendernya. Hasil kajian terhadap novel ini menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan tokoh Riano dalam mempertahankan identitas gendernya karena faktor lingkungan. Kegagalan tersebut juga disebabkan tokoh Riano tidak memiliki keberanian untuk melakukan perlawanan terhadap kekuasaan yang ada di sekitarnya lingkungannya.
The Trouble with Formal Views of Autonomy
Authors: Knutzen Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Formal views of autonomy rule out substantive rational capacities (reasons-responsiveness) as a condition of autonomous agency. I argue that such views face a number of underappreciated problems: they have trouble making sense of how autonomous agents could be robustly responsible for their choices, face the burden of explaining why there should be a stark distinction between the importance of factual and evaluative information within autonomous agency, and leave it mysterious why autonomy is the sort of thing that has value and ought to be promoted. Moreover, I argue that the alternative view that includes substantive rational capacities need not have the unacceptable political implications it is sometimes thought to have.
Microsatellite design for species delimitation and insights into ploidy for the Lake Baikal Cladophoraceae species flock
Authors: Martínez S Díaz , Boedeker C , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2020 International Phycological Society. Ancient lakes are centres of adaptive radiation and speciation. The Cladophoraceae endemic to ancient Lake Baikal is a morphologically diverse group nested within Rhizoclonium that may represent a case of sympatric speciation. Recent research using ribosomal DNA markers indicates that these taxa form a monophyletic group but was not able to resolve boundaries between all of the investigated morphospecies due to very low genetic diversity. For this reason, a population genetics approach using more variable markers was investigated. In this study, we developed a set of microsatellites (SSRs) using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data obtained from three morphospecies of Cladophoraceae from Lake Baikal. To increase amplification rate of the microsatellites across taxa, we performed an in silico cross-validation step comparing the microsatellites retrieved from three HTS datasets and tested the most promising loci on 14 of the mostly endemic morphospecies. We obtained 11 SSRs that cross-amplified among morphospecies, eight SSRs in 12 taxa and three in only four taxa. Our results showed that most loci had more than two alleles, but also displayed variation between and within morphospecies. These results indicate that this group may have gone through polyploidisation. Polyploid systems require a different approach from standard population genetic analyses. We produced ‘allelic phenotypes’ (presence/absence matrices) to analyse genetic diversity. We showed that similarity indices mostly grouped morphospecies, suggesting that this scoring method will be useful in species delimitation, but further work is needed to elucidate the speciation process in this algal species flock in Lake Baikal.
Genetic data support reproductively isolated species in the endemic Cladophoraceae (Chlorophyta) of Lake Baikal, Russia
Authors: Martínez S Díaz , Boedeker C , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2020, © 2020 International Phycological Society. Ancient lakes are centres of biological diversification that hold many examples of adaptive radiation and species flocks. The recently discovered species flock of Cladophoraceae in Lake Baikal is a group of green algae that exhibit low genetic divergence in ribosomal markers (LSU, SSU, and ITS), but wide morphological differentiation. Microsatellite markers showed evidence of polyploidy in this group, requiring alternate data scoring methodologies. In this study, we use two clustering methods (STRUCTURE and Gaussian Clustering) to delineate species within 15 distinct morphotaxa of the cladophoralean Baikal clade. The two cluster analyses produced comparable results, although subtle differences in the assignment of individuals were observed. Our results indicate that many morphologically distinguishable species are discrete genetic clusters supporting reproductive isolation. This is the case for Chaetomorpha (= Ch.) baicalensis, the attached form of Ch. curta, Ch. moniliformis, Cladophora (= Cl.) compacta, and Cl. kursanovii. The unattached form of Ch. curta and a species of Rhizoclonium are recovered as growth forms of Ch. moniliformis and the attached form of Ch. curta, respectively. The remaining morphotaxa were not clearly delimited. While we have evidence for polyploidy within this species flock, it was not possible to determine the ploidy level of each individual with accuracy as no correlation in the number of alleles was observed between loci. A more detailed study including other sources of data, such as nuclear DNA content or chromosome counts, is required to demonstrate the ploidy changes and their role in speciation in these species.
Utility of molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy of the genus Cystophora (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from New Zealand and Australia
Authors: Buchanan J , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2018 International Phycological Society. Many brown macroalgal species are difficult to identify because of limited morphological differentiation and/ or high levels of plasticity. Molecular methods for distinguishing species coupled with morphological examination have been useful in clarifying species status in many groups. Cystophora is a species-rich, morphologically complex brown algal genus that has been carefully monographed, and it is ideal for testing the utility of molecular markers for genetic species delimitation. We evaluated the utility of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA-barcode marker, alone and in combination with nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, in delimiting species. We also used several methods to delimit putative genetic species. Our results showed that for consistent species delimitation and species delimitation that approximates morphological species, both markers in combination are necessary. Most species in the genus are morphologically recognizable and genetically distinct but neither COI nor combined COI-ITS data separate Cystophora congesta from Cystophora retroflexa or Cystophora distenta from Cystophora scalaris. We showed that morphological characters used to separate these two species pairs are highly variable among samples, with many intermediates. Thus, we concluded that these are not independent species and synonymize these species. Our data showed that this genus, while widespread, mostly conforms to a morphospecies concept.
Three new red algal parasites from New Zealand: Cladhymenia oblongifoliaphila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae), Phycodrys novae-zelandiaephila sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae) and Judithia parasitica sp. nov. (Kallymeniaceae)
Authors: Preuss Maren , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

2018 International Phycological Society There are over 120 species of red algal parasites (Florideophyceae) but they are often overlooked due to their small size and patchy distribution. Red algal parasites have mostly been described as independent genera but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that parasites are related to free-living relatives, often their hosts, and have been named in these genera to maintain monophyly. We investigated the morphology, distribution and phylogeny, using diverse molecular markers (mitochondrial, nuclear, plastid), of three new red algal parasites in New Zealand. We describe the parasites using morphological and anatomical observations and estimate their distribution by surveying herbarium vouchers. Analyses of reproductive structures and molecular phylogenies indicate that the closest relative of the parasite Phycodrys novae-zelandiaephila sp. nov. is its host, Phycodrys novae-zelandiae. Based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, the closest relative of the parasite Cladhymenia oblongifoliaphila sp. nov. is its host Cladhymenia oblongifolia but plastid markers group it with Cladhymenia lyallii, suggesting that this species was a past host and the source of parasite plastids. The parasite Judithia parasitica sp. nov. groups with Judithia delicatissima but infects Blastophyllis spp., suggesting that this parasite evolved as a free-living or parasitic Judithia species, and host switching may have occurred. This study adds to our knowledge of New Zealand red algal parasites and highlights contrasting patterns of host–parasite relationships.
The endemic Cladophorales (Ulvophyceae) of ancient Lake Baikal represent a monophyletic group of very closely related but morphologically diverse species
Authors: Boedeker C , Leliaert F , Timoshkin OA , Vishnyakov VS , Díaz-Martínez S , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2018 Phycological Society of America Lake Baikal, the oldest lake in the world, is home to spectacular biodiversity and extraordinary levels of endemism. While many of the animal species flocks from Lake Baikal are famous examples of evolutionary radiations, the lake also includes a wide diversity of endemic algae that are not well investigated with regards to molecular-biological taxonomy and phylogeny. The endemic taxa of the green algal order Cladophorales show a range of divergent morphologies that led to their classification in four genera in two families. We sequenced partial large- and small-subunit rDNA as well as the internal transcribed spacer region of 14 of the 16 described endemic taxa to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. One endemic morphospecies, Cladophora kusnetzowii, was shown to be conspecific with the widespread Aegagropila linnaei. All other endemic morphospecies formed a monophyletic group nested within the genus Rhizoclonium (Cladophoraceae), a very surprising result, in stark contrast to their morphological affinities. The Baikal clade represents a species flock of closely related taxa with very low genetic differentiation. Some of the morphospecies were congruent with lineages recovered in the phylogenies, but due to the low phylogenetic signal in the rDNA sequences the relationships within the Baikal clade were not all well resolved. The Baikal clade appears to represent a recent radiation, based on the low molecular divergence within the group, and it is hypothesized that the large morphological variation results from diversification in sympatry from a common ancestor in Lake Baikal.
Genetic diversity and biogeography in Chaetomorpha melagonium (Ulvophyceae, Cladophorales) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) sequences
Authors: Boedeker C , Leliaert F , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Chaetomorpha melagonium is a morphologically distinct species of green algae that occurs throughout the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we analyzed the intraspecific genetic diversity among 14 samples of C. melagonium from across the distribution range based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences. All samples had identical LSU sequences. The ITS sequences had very few mutations that nevertheless divided the specimens into two groups: one included samples from Iceland, Svalbard, Massachusetts and Alaska with identical ITS sequences; members of this group differed in samples from Europe (France, Germany, Scotland, Sweden, and Wales) by three mutations (two point mutations and one five base pair indel). The European specimens had identical ITS sequences with the exception of a single sample from Brittany that differed by one base pair. The maximum ITS sequence divergence within the samples of C. melagonium was less than 0.5%. This low intraspecific variation in the frequently used highly variable ITS region is discussed in the context of past geological and climatic scenarios.
Red algal parasites: A synopsis of described species, their hosts, distinguishing characters and areas for continued research
Authors: Preuss Maren , Nelson WA , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. Red algal parasites are diverse organisms that are unusual due to the fact that many are closely related to their hosts. Parasitism has developed many times within different red algal groups, but the full extent of parasite biodiversity is unknown, as parasites are easily overlooked due to their small size and often low abundance. Additionally, the literature on red algal parasites is dispersed and has not been compiled in over 30 years. Although criteria have been proposed to define what constitutes a red algal parasite, many parasites are poorly described, and the cellular interactions with their host are poorly known. A few studies have demonstrated that parasites transfer organelles to host cells, which can alter the physiology of the host to the benefit of the parasite. Here, we apply a set of defining criteria for parasites to a compiled list of all described red algal parasites. Our results highlight the lack of knowledge of many key parasitic processes including early parasite development, host cell "control", and parasite origin. Until the biology of more parasites is studied, generalisations on the processes of parasitism in red algae may be premature. We hope this synopsis will stimulate research into this fascinating group.
Why one species in New Zealand, Pugetia delicatissima (Kallymeniaceae, Rhodophyta), should become two new genera, Judithia gen. nov. and Wendya gen. nov.
Authors: D’Archino R , Lin SM , Gabrielson PW , Zuccarello Giuseppe
Published: August 2020

© 2015 British Phycological Society. Blade-forming red algae occur worldwide and, prior to DNA sequencing, had been notoriously difficult to identify and classify, especially when lacking critical reproductive features. This, coupled in New Zealand with many longstanding assumptions that taxa were identical to non-New Zealand species or genera, resulted in many misapplied names. Pugetia delicatissima R.E. Norris, an endemic New Zealand blade-forming species of the family Kallymeniaceae, is actually comprised of one existing and one new species belonging to two distinct genera, as established by our phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the rbcL gene. Analyses of combined rbcL and LSU genes showed that neither is closely related to the generitype of Pugetia, the northern-eastern Pacific, P. fragilissima Kylin. We propose the names Judithia and Wendya for these two newly revealed genera. In addition to diagnostic rbcL and LSU sequences, Judithia is morphologically and anatomically characterized by rounded to oblong blades that do not taper basally at the stipe, loosely aggregated surface cortical cells and cystocarps lacking both a pericarp and an ostiole, all features observed in the holotype of P. delicatissima. Wendya, in contrast, is characterized by blades that taper both apically and basally, compactly arranged surface cortical cells and cystocarps that have both a pericarp and a distinct ostiole. The two genera also are distinguished from one other, as well as from Pugetia by features of pre- and post-fertilization development, including the number of subsidiary cells produced on carpogonial and auxiliary branch systems, whether subsidiary cells in the carpogonial branch system fuse with the supporting cell or not, and the site of origin of gonimoblast cells. Although small in area, New Zealand hosts ten of the 27 currently recognized genera in the Kallymeniaceae and is the southern-hemisphere region of greatest generic diversification in this family.