bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The correlation between spirituality and adherence in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients
Authors: Gugun Adang Muhammad , Romadhon Yusuf Alam , Putri Dwi Marlina , Aprilia Suci
Published: July 2023

Background: The adherence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients plays an important role in therapeutic management. In carrying out every activity, a Muslim must make spirituality as a reference. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship of spirituality in type 2 DM patients with diabetes mellitus medication adherence. Objective: Estimate the correlation between spirituality and patients’ type 2 DM adherence.Methods: This study was observational with a cross-sectional design at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Subjects were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The level of spirituality was obtained using the Holistic Health Care (HHC) questionnaire and adherence was using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. There were 70 subjects between 35-73 years, 40 women and 30 men. The data were analysed using the Somers’ D test to determine the correlation. Results: From 70 subjects, the spirituality level was 68.6% nirvana, guide 14.3%, sorrow 12.9% and revive 4.3%. The acceptance score obtained was 82.0% positive and 17.1% negative. The obedient score obtained was 72.9% positive and 27.9% negative. The level of patient adherence was very high at 44.2%, high at 12.9%, moderate at 20%, low at 10%, and very low at 12.9%. There was no correlation between acceptance scores and patient adherence level (r = 0.185, p-value = 0.299), on the contrary, there was a correlation between obedient scores and patient adherence levels (r = 0.34, p-value = 0.021). There is a significant correlation between the total spirituality score and patient adherence (r = 0.262, p-value = 0.035). Conclusion: There is a correlation between spirituality and type 2 DM patients’ adherence.
The effect of interactive online learning on knowledge, attitude, and practice related to diabetes mellitus of productive-age population
Authors: Witarto Bendix Samarta , Visuddho Visuddho , Yusuf Teddy , Kamila Rizqi Apsari Fairuz , Iftinan Ghifar Akbar , Milla Clonia , Firdaus Salma , Hartawan Muhammad Wildan Nabalah , Zahira Aisha Fairuz , Ratri Lintang Cahyaning , Armyne Amara Destania , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Rimbun Rimbun
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus still becomes a significant population health problem. In achieving sufficient awareness, face-to-face public education methods may serve as an effective measure. However, in the amid of pandemic, their implementation is restricted, which leads to the use of virtual platforms for learning activities. In addition, the applicability of the online learning method has yet to be explored.Objective: To evaluate its impact on the knowledge, attitude, and lifestyle practices of the productive-age population related to diabetes.Methods: A pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study involving a single group was conducted among the productive-age population (aged 15 to 64 years) selected using consecutive sampling in two sub-districts in Surabaya, Indonesia. Baseline and endline levels of participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding diabetes assessed using a self-developed questionnaire were compared after receiving an educational intervention.Results: A total of 19 participants meeting the eligibility criteria were selected as the study subjects. A statistically significant increase in the participants’ knowledge score from pre- to post-test (p=0.038) was observed. There was no significant change between the pre-test and post-test scores of attitude (p=0.938) and practice (p=0.087) after the intervention.Conclusion: Online learning method improved the population’s knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus. However, it appears to have a limited role in providing better modification for attitude and practice. Further research comparing online and traditional face-to-face education methods are required to establish this approach as an alternative.
The role of selenium on autophagy
Authors: Kurniasari Febriana , Goenawan Hanna , Khairani Astrid Feinisa , Adi Sunarjati Sudigdo , Lesmana Ronny , Setiawan
Published: July 2023

Selenium (Se) deficiency is associated with certain abnormalities, such as Keshan disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), viral infections, infertility, immune system abnormalities, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and growth retardation. Its antioxidant properties are integrated into various selenoenzymes, mainly glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (Trx). These selenoenzymes act as a protective mechanism to prevent oxidative stress-induced cellular injury, regulate DNA transcription, and cell proliferation. Decreased levels of antioxidants induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation resulting in loss of mitochondrial structure and function. The antioxidant properties of selenium could depress ROS and modulates autophagy by interfering initiation of autophagy and phagophore formation. Inhibition at the initiation stage not only involves mTOR and AMPK, an autophagy-related regulators, but also autophagy markers, including Beclin 1, Atg5, LC3, and p62; thus, phagophore and autophagosome are not formed. This review will discuss the role of selenium in modulating autophagy in various organs.
Characteristics, microorganism, and antibiotic profile of patients with Fournier’s gangrene in a tertiary care centre in Indonesia: A retrospective analysis of 43 cases
Authors: Ginting Jeremy Thompson , Irdam Gampo Alam
Published: July 2023

Background: Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a fatal condition that often leads to death if not treated properly. To this date, there are no data regarding FG in Indonesia. Objective: This study aims to investigate the characteristics of patients with FG.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the medical records of patients admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between January 2012 and December 2017.Results: The median age of the subjects were 51 (2-81) years. All of the subjects were male and presented with scrotal pain. The scrotal abscess was found in 38 (88.4%) cases. Type II diabetes was found in 10 (23.3%) subjects. E. coli was the most dominant causative agent in 28 (65.1%) cases. Meropenem was administered in 16 (37.2%) subjects, and 16 (37.2%) subjects had antibiotics administered for ≤7 days. Conclusion: Although the mortality rate has decreased, those with FG tend to have a long hospital stay, which implies a high risk of complications. All males presenting with scrotal pain should be suspected of FG. Further studies on long-term hospitalisation complications in those with FG are required.
The effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract against the level of nitric oxide in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rats model
Authors: Sati Dita Ayu Dewi Laras , Rahmadianto Hajid , Kuncoro Prasetyo Tri , Widiartini Catharina , Arjadi Fitranto , Krisniawati Nia , Fauziyah Yulia , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati
Published: July 2023

Background: One indication of microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) is decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels. Tithonia diversifolia leaves (TDL) extract has been scientifically demonstrated to decrease glucose levels in diabetic rats.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of TDL extract on NO levels in diabetic rats.Methods: True experimental with pre-post test control group design used 25 Sprague-Dawley rats. Its were divided into 5 groups: healthy control (K.1); diabetic control (K.2); diabetes rats with ethanol extract of TDL at a dose of 25 (K.3); 50 (K.4); and 100 mg/kg BW (K.5) for 28 days. We use a combination of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg BW) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg BW) to induce diabetes mellitus. The blood serum was taken before and after extract administration. NO level was assessed using spectrophotometry. Paired T-test, Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc LSD were performed for statistical analysis.Results: There were significant differences in NO levels before and after treatment in all groups unless K.5 (100 mg/kg BW). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in NO levels in the healthy control and the K.5 group but significant differences in other groups.Conclusion: TDL extract can prevent the decrease in NO level in diabetic rats model with the effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW.
Development of clinical forensic service quality questionnaire based on SERVQUAL
Authors: Afandi Dedi , Arini Merita , Hidayah Nur , Mutia Tika , Indrayana Mohammad Tegar
Published: July 2023

Background: Measuring service quality is an effort to assess and evaluate service performance. Currently, the measurement of clinical forensic service quality has never been done. There is no instrument for measuring service quality for clinical forensic patients. Objectives: This study aims to collect valid evidence of a modified questionnaire to measure clinical forensic service quality. Methods: This study protocol followed three phases from the World Health Organization guidelines on translating and adapting instruments for substance abuse. The study was conducted at Bhayangkara Hospital Pekanbaru, with ten respondents in phase pretesting and thirty in phase evaluation of the internal structure. The questionnaire developed was from the original version of SERVQUAL, consisting of 5 dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible) and 22 items with a five Likert scale. Content validity, response process, and internal structure are applied to collect valid evidence.Results: A modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was obtained for clinical forensic patients with 22 items through an expert panel and respondent interview. The majority had high validity (item to total correlation coefficient r > 0.6). This final version showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.956). Conclusion: The final version of the modified SERVQUAL for clinical forensic service quality questionnaire has sufficient validity evidence for its content, response process, and some part of its internal structure, namely item to total correlation and reliability.
Analysis of demographic factors and anaemia of the incidence of spontaneous abortion
Authors: Dewi Larasati Farikha , Winarni Sri , Mawarni Atik , Agushybana Farid
Published: July 2023

Background: Abortion is associated with 4.7% to 13.2% of maternal deaths. In the Brebes Regency, spontaneous abortion incidence was 15% in 2014, which various factors may cause.Objective: This study aims to analyse the association between maternal age, education level, employment status, and haemoglobin (Hb) levels with the incidence of spontaneous abortion.Methods: This study was a quantitative study using a case-control design. The study comprised a sample of 78 females of childbearing age, including 39 cases and 39 controls. The study utilised questionnaires and blood tests as instruments for data collection. The collected data were analysed using frequency distribution tables and statistical tests, including Chi-Square continuity correction.Results: The results demonstrated that Hb levels were associated with spontaneous abortion (p=0.028). Meanwhile, maternal age (p=1.000), education levels (p=1.000), and employment status (p=0.485) were not associated with spontaneous abortion. Respondents with low Hb levels have a six times greater risk of having a spontaneous abortion than respondents with normal Hb levels (OR=6.379)Conclusion: Low Hb level was a risk factor for spontaneous abortion. Women of childbearing age need to take iron supplements before and during their pregnancy to prevent the dangers of anaemia during pregnancy.
A quick and reliable image-based AI algorithm for evaluating cellular senescence of gastric organoids
Authors: Yang Ruixin , Du Yutong , Kwan Wingyan , Yan Ranlin , Shi Qimeng , Zang Lu , Zhu Zhenggang , Zhang Jianming , Li Chen , Yu Yingyan
Published: July 2023

Objective: Organoids are a powerful tool with broad application prospects in biomedicine. Notably, they provide alternatives to animal models for testing potential drugs before clinical trials. However, the number of passages for which organoids maintain cellular vitality ex vivo remains unclear. Methods: Herein, we constructed 55 gastric organoids from 35 individuals, serially passaged the organoids, and captured microscopic images for phenotypic evaluation. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), cell diameter in suspension, and gene expression reflecting cell cycle regulation were examined. The YOLOv3 object detection algorithm integrated with a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was used to evaluate organoid vitality. Results: SA-β-Gal staining intensity; single-cell diameter; and expression of p15, p16, p21, CCNA2, CCNE2, and LMNB1 reflected the progression of aging in organoids during passaging. The CBAM-YOLOv3 algorithm precisely evaluated aging organoids on the basis of organoid average diameter, organoid number, and number × diameter, and the findings positively correlated with SA-β-Gal staining and single-cell diameter. Organoids derived from normal gastric mucosa had limited passaging ability (passages 1–5), before aging, whereas tumor organoids showed unlimited passaging potential for more than 45 passages (511 days) without showing clear senescence. Conclusions: Given the lack of indicators for evaluating organoid growth status, we established a reliable approach for integrated analysis of phenotypic parameters that uses an artificial intelligence algorithm to indicate organoid vitality. This method enables precise evaluation of organoid status in biomedical studies and monitoring of living biobanks.
Time-Dependent Rheological Properties of Cemented Aeolian Sand-Fly Ash Backfill Vary with the Ratio of Aeolian Sand / Coal Gangue and Plasticizer
Authors: Yang Baogui , Zheng Zhijun , Jin Junyu , Wang Xiaolong
Published: July 2023

The use of cemented aeolian sand-fly ash backfill (CAFB) material to fill the mining area to improve the surface subsidence damage caused by underground coal mining is in the development stage. Their performance with large overflow water and strength loss is not well understood. Few research has been conducted to understand the effects of aeolian sand and coal gangue on the rheological properties of CAFB with plasticizers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a plasticizer on the rheological properties, speciﬁcally yield stress and viscosity, of CAFB prepared with aeolian sand and coal gangue. CAFB mixes containing 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1% plasticizer were prepared, and yield stress and viscosity were determined at different time intervals over the period. Additional tests, such as thermal analysis and zeta potential analysis were also conducted. It was found that the rheological properties of CAFB is the comprehensive manifestation of the composite characteristics of various models. Reasonable particle size distribution and less amount of plasticizer can ensure the stability of slurry structure, reduce the slurry settlement and the risk of pipe blocking. The ﬁndings of this study will be beneﬁcial in the design and production of CAFB material.
Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits
Authors: Pachiti Iouliani , Milienos Fotios S. , Dimitropoulou Panagiota
Published: July 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) results in various functioning impairments in children’s lives and families. Parents of children with ADHD report high levels of parenting stress, low levels of parental self-efficacy and use of more authoritarian and/or permissive parenting practices than parents of typically developing children. Intervention programs need to address both children’s and parents’ needs and multimodal intervention programs could cover this demand. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of “Child ViReal Support Program” - a multi-level evidence-based comprehensive program - on parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, parenting practices, and the core symptoms of children’s ADHD. Families with a child diagnosed with ADHD (n = 16) were randomly allocated to two groups (PC and CP; P = parent training, C = child training) and a cross-over design was utilized. Participating parents completed, in four different times during the study, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version and the parent form of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Parents from both groups, after their participation in the parent training, demonstrated reduced parenting stress, enhanced parental self-efficacy and increased the employ of democratic parenting practices. More than that, they reported decreased levels of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for their children. Evidence-based multi-level intervention programs could produce positive effects in parents and children by incorporating effective methods and tools in accordance with the needs and the demands of the family context.
Nephrotoxicity Development of a Clinical Decision Support System Based on Tree-Based Machine Learning Methods to Detect Diagnostic Biomarkers from Genomic Data in Methotrexate Induced Rats
Authors: Balikci Cicek Ipek , Colak Cemil , Yologlu Saim , Kucukakcali Zeynep , Ozhan Onural , Taslidere Elif , Danis Nefsun , Koc Ahmet , Parlakpinar Hakan , Akbulut Sami
Published: July 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to carry out bioinformatic analysis of lncRNA data obtained as a result of genomic analysis of kidney tissue samples taken from rats with nephrotoxicity induced by methotrexate (MTX) and from rats without pathology and modeling with tree-based machine learning method. Another aim of the study is to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of nephrotoxicity and to provide a better understanding of the nephrotoxicity formation process by providing the interpretability of the model with explainable artificial intelligence methods as a result of the modeling. Methods: To identify potential indicators of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, 20 female Wistar Albino rats were separated into two groups: nephrotoxicity and control. Kidney tissue samples were collected from the rats, and genomic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The data set obtained as a result of genomic analysis was modeled with Random Forest (RF), one of the tree-based methods. Modeling results were evaluated with sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), balanced accuracy (B-Acc), negative predictive value (Npv), accuracy (Acc), positive predictive value (Ppv), and F1-score performance metrics. The Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Annotations (LIME) method was used to determine the lncRNAs that could be biomarkers for nephrotoxicity by providing the interpretability of the RF model. Results: The outcomes of the histological and immunohistochemical analyses done in the study supported the conclusion that MTX use caused kidney injury. According to the results of the bioinformatics analysis, 52 lncRNAs showed different expression in the groups. As a result of modeling with RF for lncRNAs selected with Boruta variable selection, the B-Acc, Acc, Sp, Se, Npv, Ppv, and F1-score were 88.9%, 90%, 90.9%, 88.9%, 90.9%, 88.9% and 88.9%. respectively. lncRNAs with id rnaXR_591534.3 rnaXR_005503408.1, rnaXR_005495645.1, rnaXR_001839007.2, rnaXR_005492056.1 and rna_XR_005492522.1 the lncRNAs with the highest variable importance values produced from RF modeling can be used as nephroxicity biomarker candidates. Also, according to the LIME results, the high level of lncRNAs with id rnaXR_591534.3 and rnaXR_005503408.1 especially increased the possibility of nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: With the possible biomarkers obtained as a result of the analyses made within the scope of this study, it can be ensured that the procedures for the diagnosis of drug-induced nephrotoxicity can be carried out easily, quickly and effectively.
New Preventive Strategy Against Oral Biofilm Formation In Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Parga Ana , Balboa Sabela , Otero-Casal Paz , Otero Ana
Published: July 2023

Caries are lesions caused by acidic compounds derived from the metabolism of bacteria such as streptococci. It is not merely the presence of acidogenic bacteria that causes caries but an imbalance in the oral biofilm microhabitat and its behavior. One factor underlying biofilm formation is quorum sensing (QS), that in gram-positives relies on peptidic molecules, whereas in gram-negatives is driven by small diffusible signals. Strategies based on QS inhibition have been proposed as alter-natives to antimicrobial therapies. Here, we investigate the antibiofilm potential of the lactonase enzyme Aii20J, previously reported as effective against biofilms of periodontal disease origin. We generated in vitro polymicrobial biofilms dominated by gram-positive taxa using supragingival samples from caries-free and caries-active children. The effect of Aii20J on the biofilms was evalu-ated regarding its biomass-reducing ability, as assessed with crystal violet assay, and its effects on the bacterial composition of the polymicrobial biofilms, as assessed by 16S community profiling. We describe significant biomass reductions upon Aii20J exposure without significant changes in bac-terial composition at the genus level. Our results support the use of Aii20J to prevent oral biofilm formation while highlighting the influence of the polymicrobial environment on bacterial commu-nities and their response to antibiofilm treatments.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Carbon Dots for the Growth Promotion of Water Spinach
Authors: Yu Fan , She Mengqi , Cai Xia , Li Xiaoyan , Huang Yuan , Lei Hongwei , Tan Zuojun
Published: July 2023

Carbon dots have received much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and diverse applications in bioimaging, optoelectronic devices, catalysis, and agriculture. Here in this work, we report a simple hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus-doped carbon dots (N, P-CDs). The optical and physical properties of the synthesized N, P-CDs were analyzed using systematical spectroscopy and electrical characterization. The synthesized N, P-CDs show strong photoluminescence at 626 nm and demonstrate high stability under UV light and other conditions. Moreover, we incorporate the synthesized N, P-CDs into water spinach by root spraying and leaf spraying. It was found that N, P-CDs could effectively promote the growth of water spinach by increasing the photosynthetic rate, and the content of total phenols and anthocyanins in water spinach
Development of a Voice Virtual Assistant for the Geospatial Data Visualization Application on the Web
Authors: Mahmoudi Homeyra , Camboim Silvana , Brovelli Maria Antonia
Published: July 2023

Integrating voice assistant technology can potentially enhance accessibility and user interaction in web-based platforms for geospatial data visualisation and processing. This paper presents an open-source development incorporating a voice virtual assistant into the BStreams web application platform, designed specifically for visualising geospatial data. The study aimed to mitigate the observed limitations of virtual assistants in understanding the semantics and context of user commands in the geospatial domain. A discourse framework specialised for geospatial data was developed using a structured prototype methodology. In addition, a survey assisted in identifying commonly used English terminologies for geospatial data interaction. The questionnaire results were subsequently assessed using the ChatGPT natural language processing model. The application used open-source frameworks, including Web Speech API, Leaflet, Mapbox geocoding, and JavaScript. This investigation indicates that voice virtual assistants can potentially enhance human-computer interaction for geospatial data visualisation and processing. However, challenges related to natural language understanding, accents, and domain knowledge were raised. The paper advocates for further research to refine the integration of voice technology in this domain.
The Impact of Non-Financial and Financial Variables on Credit Decision in Companies of Service Sector in Turkey
Authors: ÇETİN Ali İhsan , ÇETİN Arzu Ece , Ahmed Syed Ejaz
Published: July 2023

The service sector, whose value has started to increase in recent years, has gained momentum with the acceleration of economic developments especially after the 2000s in Turkey. In a world where competition is increasing and social purchase perception is changing, companies started to differentiate in the service sector to create a competitive advantage. Companies that would like to grow in the industry and aspire to a greater proportion need credit to extend. There are many factors to consider in order to allocate the credit. Banks make financial and non-financial analysis to make credit decisions. This study has been prepared to assess the effect of financial and non-financial features of middle segment companies that need credit in the service sector on the credit decision to be allocated by banks. The group of variables that explain the credit decision at the highest level in these companies are non-financial variables.
Risk Factors of Health-Related Quality of Life
Among Gastrointestinal Cancer Survivors in the U.S:
With a Focus on Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health (SBDH)
Authors: Han Claire J , Tounkara Fode , Kalady Mathew , Noonan Ann M , Burse Natasha R , Paskett Electra D , Von Ah Diane
Published: July 2023

Background: Increasing number of long-term gastrointestinal (GI) cancer survivors highlights the importance of understanding factors that contribute to their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigated the risk factors of HRQoL, in-cluding demographics, clinical characteristics, and social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH).
Methods: Adult GI cancer survivors (n = 3,201) in the BRFSS surveys from 2014-2021 (except for 2015) were analyzed. Unadjusted/adjusted logistic regression was used.
Results: The majority were female (54%) and White (78%), with a median age of 67. Survivors who were 65 years or older, diagnosed with colorectal cancer, or who had fewer comorbidities were more likely to report significantly better HRQoL. Significant social factors of poor HRQoL were being unmarried, racial and ethnic minorities, low socioeconomic status, and poor health care access. Significant behavioral factors of poor HRQoL were lack of physical activity, heavy alcohol consumption, and current smoking, with lack of physical activity being the most significant factor.
Conclusions: The SBDH have a critical role in HRQoL. Future studies are warranted to develop a tailored survivorship intervention, such as physical rehabilitation and to ex-plore machine learning/artificial intelligence predictive models to identify cancer sur-vivors at a high risk of developing poor HRQoL.
Quarantine Disinfestation of Papaya Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Using Gamma and X-rays Irradiation
Authors: Song Zi-Jiao , Zhao Qing-Ying , Ma Chen , Chen Ran-Ran , Ma Tian-Bi , Li Zhi-Hong , Zhan Guo-Ping
Published: July 2023

The papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus is an invasive, polyphagous pest and poses a quarantine threat to tropical and subtropical countries. Infested commodity internationally should be undergoing phytosanitary treatment, while irradiation is recommended to replace methyl bromide fumigation. Dose-response tests were conducted on the 2-, 4-, and 6-d-old eggs and gravid females of P. marginatus using the X-ray radiation doses of 15–105 Gy with an interval of 15 Gy, respectively. Radiotolerance was compared using fiducial overlapping and lethal dose ratio (LDR) test, resulting in insignificant difference except for LDR test at LD90 (leading 90% mortality at 95% confidence level (CL)); the estimated dose for 99.9968% mortality at 95% CL was 176.5–185.2 Gy, which was validated in the confirmatory tests using gamma irradiation because gammy and X-rays have equal biological effect on pests. Therefore, a total of estimating 60,386 gravid females of papaya mealybug irradiated with 146.8–185.0 Gy resulted in no F1 nymphs developing. Eggs can therefore be used as an alternative to gravid females for dose-response tests; the recommended minimum dose for phytosanitary treatment of P. marginatus on infested commodity is 185 Gy, with treatment efficacy ≥ 99.9950% at 95% CL.
Linking Keynesian Theory to Economic Geography
Authors: Ahn Young-Jin , Juraev Zuhriddin
Published: July 2023

This article examines the application of Keynesian theory in economic geography, focusing on regional development and reducing inequalities. The objective is to highlight the relevance and benefits of applying Keynesian principles in addressing spatial economic challenges. The novelty lies in examining the intersection of Keynesian economics and geography, which offers insights into regional planning, infrastructure development, and cluster formation. The results show how policymakers and researchers can use Keynesian theory to promote balanced growth and improve living standards. The keywords for this article are Keynesian theory, economic geography, regional development, disparities, and policy interventions.
Comparison of Monocular Visual SLAM and Visual Odometry Methods Applied to 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Herrera-Granda Erick P. , Torres-Cantero Juan C. , Rosales Andrés , Peluffo-Ordóñez Diego H.
Published: July 2023

Pure monocular 3D reconstruction is an ill-posed problem that has attracted the research community's interest due to the affordability and availability of RGB sensors. SLAM, VO, and SFM are disciplines formulated to solve the 3D reconstruction problem and estimate the camera’s ego-motion, so many methods have been proposed. However, most of these methods were not evaluated in large datasets, under various motion patterns, had not been tested under the same metrics, and most of them had not been evaluated following a taxonomy, making their comparison and selection difficult. In this research, we performed a comparison of ten publicly available SLAM and VO methods following a taxonomy, including one method for each category of the primary taxonomy, three machine learning-based methods, and two updates of the best methods, to identify the advantages and limitations of each category of the taxonomy and test if the addition of machine learning or the updates made on those methods improved them significantly. Thus, we evaluated each algorithm under the TUM-Mono benchmark and performed an inferential statistical analysis to identify significative differences through its metrics. Results determined that sparse-direct methods significantly outperformed the rest of the taxonomy, and fusing them with machine learning techniques significantly improves the performance of geometric-based methods from different perspectives.
Preparation of MCC/APMDS Composite Aerogel and Adsorption Properties for Formaldehyde
Authors: Li Yaning , Jiang Guiquan , Liu Zhongzheng , Chi Chuanxi , Yuan Bin , Song Jianxi
Published: July 2023

Air pollution is related to the development of people's livelihood. As one of the main pollutants in the air, formaldehyde affects people's physical and mental health. In order to remove formaldehyde and better protect the health of residents, it is very necessary to develop efficient adsorption materials. In this study, a cellulose composite aerogel Microcrystalline Cellulose/ N-(2- aminoethyl) -3- aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane (MCC/APMDS) modified by APMDS was explored. The pore volume and specific surface area of the modified aerogel decreased, the average pore diameter increased, and the adsorption capacity of formaldehyde was stronger. The adsorption experiment shows that the sample prepared under the conditions of APMDS dosage of 6 wt%, reaction time of 4 h and reaction temperature of 90℃ has the largest average pore size (14.56 nm) and the largest formaldehyde adsorption capacity (9.52 mg/g). The excellent adsorption of the composite aerogel is due to high porosity and rich active amino groups on the surface. This study provides valuable information for the preparation of adsorption materials with high formaldehyde adsorption capacity for air purification.
Autoimmune Encephalitis – a variable pathology
Authors: Neațu Monica , Jugurt Ana , Covaliu Anca , Davidescu Eugenia Irene , Popescu Bogdan Ovidiu
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Autoimmune encephalitis is a complex and multifaceted pathology that involves the immune-mediated inflammation of the brain. It is characterized by the body's immune system mistakenly attacking the brain tissue, leading to a cascade of inflammatory processes. What makes autoimmune encephalitis vast is the wide range of causes, mechanisms, clinical presentations, and diagnostic challenges associated with the condition. The clinical presentations of autoimmune encephalitis are broad and can mimic other neurological disorders, making it a challenging differential diagnosis. This diverse clinical presentation can overlap with other conditions, making it crucial for healthcare professionals to maintain a high level of suspicion for autoimmune encephalitis when evaluating patients. The diagnostic challenges associated with autoimmune encephalitis further contribute to its vastness. Due to the variable nature of the condition, there is no definitive diagnostic test that can confirm autoimmune encephalitis in all cases. In this context, personalized patient management is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes. Each patient's treatment plan should be tailored to their specific clinical presentation, underlying cause, and immune response. Our objective is to raise awareness about the frequent yet under-diagnosed nature of autoimmune encephalitis by sharing five cases we encountered, along with a brief literature review.
Pericytes and Resident Perivascular Macrophages Play a Key Role in the Development of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hayden Melvin R
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Pericyte(s) (Pcs) and resident perivascular macrophages (rPVMΦs) are positioned perfectly in the neurovascular unit (NVU) and perivascular spaces to facilitate metainflammation that results in brain endothelial cell activation and dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Their positions within the NVU allow intimate contact with one another as follows: Brain endothelial cells (BECs) and the Pcs via their shared basement membrane and physical contact peg-socket junctions with N cadherins and gap junctions Cx43; Pcs and rPVMΦs intimate contacts. Additionally, rPVMΦs have intimate contact with the astrocyte endfeet (ACef) that form the outermost membrane of perivascular spaces. Importantly, ACef have intimate contact with BECs that have intimate physical contact with neuronal axons and dendrites to complete NVU coupling. The multiplicity of intimate contacts of NVU cells allow for continuous crosstalk communications to provide brain homeostasis. While each of the cells of the NVU play important roles in the development of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), this review focuses on the Pcs and rPVMΦs and discusses each of the intimate contacts and their functional significance in detail with numerous illustrations and transition electron microscopic images to demonstrate their role in the development of EPVS. EPVS are known to be biomarkers for cerebral small vessel disease and impaired glymphatic system waste clearance. Additionally, EPVS associate with mixed dementias of vascular dementia, vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease that results in high economic and psychosocial cost to the global community.
The Canary Islands Aboriginal Maternal Genetic Pool: Haplotype Reanalysis, New Coalescent Ages, and the Roman Mediated Settlement Hypothesis
Authors: Cabrera Vicente M.
Published: July 2023

Classic mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies on the aboriginal, historical, and extant human populations of the Canary Islands have contributed to reconstructing the origin and settlement on the islands of the pre-European colonizers. The recent use of new ancient DNA targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing techniques on new Canary Islands samples has greatly improved these molecular results, but it has also revealed significant contamination in the islands' previous aboriginal genetic pool. Following a thorough review of these cases, new phylogeographic analysis revealed the existence of a heterogeneous aboriginal population, asymmetrically distributed across the various islands, and most likely descended from a unique main settlement. These new results and new proposed coalescent ages are compatible with a Roman-mediated arrival driven by the exploitation of the purple on the Canary Islands.
Comparison of Intramedullary Nails in the Treatment of Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Grønhaug Kirsten Marie Larsen , Dybvik Eva , Matre Kjell , Östman Bengt , Gjertsen Jan-Erik
Published: July 2023

Background:

Intramedullary nails are commonly used in the treatment of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. We aimed to compare intramedullary nails in widespread use in Norway on the basis of reoperation risk.

Methods:

We assessed data from 13,232 trochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures treated with an intramedullary nail and registered in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register between 2007 and 2019. The primary outcome measure was the risk of reoperation for various types of short and long intramedullary nails. Secondly, we compared risk of reoperation for the selected nails with respect to fracture type (AO/OTA type A1, A2, A3, and subtrochanteric fractures). Cox regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class was used to estimate hazard rate ratios (HRRs) for reoperation.

Results:

The mean patient age was 82.9 years, and 72.8% of the nails were used in the treatment of female patients. We included 8,283 short and 4,949 long nails. A1 fractures accounted for 29.8%, A2 for 40.6%, A3 for 7.2%, and subtrochanteric fractures for 22.4%. When comparing short nails regardless of fracture type, the TRIGEN INTERTAN had an increased risk of reoperation at 1 year (HRR, 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.66]; p = 0.028) and 3 years (HRR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.61]; p = 0.011) postoperatively compared with the Gamma3. For individual fracture types, we found no significant differences in reoperation risk between the various types of short nails. When comparing long nails, the TRIGEN TAN/FAN had an increased risk of reoperation at 1 year (HRR, 3.05 [95% CI, 2.10 to 4.42]; p < 0.001) and 3 years (HRR, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.82 to 3.54]; p < 0.001) postoperatively compared with the long Gamma3.

Conclusions:

This study may indicate a slightly increased risk of reoperation for the short TRIGEN INTERTAN compared with other short nails in widespread use in Norway. In analyses of long nails, the TRIGEN TAN/FAN nail was associated with a higher risk of reoperation in the treatment of trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparing Skill Acquisition and Validity of Immersive Virtual Reality with Cadaver Laboratory Sessions in Training for Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Crockatt William K. , Confino Jamie E. , Kopydlowski Nathan J. , Jobin Charles M. , Levine William N.
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Immersive virtual reality (iVR) allows surgical trainees to practice skills without risking harm to patients or the need for cadaveric training resources. However, iVR has never been directly compared with cadaver training, the longtime gold standard for surgical skill training. We aimed to compare skill acquisition using cadaver laboratory and iVR training methods for augmented baseplate implantation during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA).

Methods:

In a randomized controlled trial, junior orthopaedic surgery residents were assigned to a 1-hour training with either iVR or a cadaveric laboratory session with shoulder specimens. Before training, all participants viewed an overview lecture and technique video demonstrating key steps of augmented baseplate implantation for rTSA. Participants were assessed by a blinded evaluator using validated competency checklists during cadaveric glenoid baseplate implantation. Continuous and categorial variables were analyzed using the 2-sample t test and Fisher exact test.

Results:

Fourteen junior residents (3 incoming matched postgraduate year [PGY1], 6 PGY1s, 1 PGY2, and 4 PGY3s) were randomized to training with either iVR (n = 6) or cadaver laboratory (n = 8). There were no significant differences in demographic data, previous experience with rTSA, or previous use of iVR (p > 0.05). There were no significant difference in total Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill score (91.2% [15.2] vs. 93.25% [6.32], −0.1406 to 0.1823, p = 0.763), Global Rating Scale score (4.708 [0.459] vs. 4.609 [0.465], −0.647 to 0.450, p = 0.699), or time to completion (546 seconds [158] vs. 591 seconds [192], −176.3 to 266.8, p = 0.655) in cadaveric glenoid baseplate implantation. Average cost of iVR hardware and a 1-year software license was $4,900, and average cost of a single cadaver laboratory was $1,268.20 per resident.

Conclusions:

Among junior orthopaedic residents, there is similar skill acquisition when training with either cadaver laboratory or iVR. Although additional research into this field is needed, iVR may provide an important and cost-effective tool in surgical education.

Clinical Relevance:

Emerging simulation and iVR technology simulation in surgical training programs can increase access to effective and high-level surgical training across the globe and improve quality of care.
Analysis of Regional Competitiveness Index of Banten Province on Human Resources Aspects
Authors: Surya Shabrina Naras , Nurita Nurita , Siregar Johannes Hamonangan , Berliana Nani Grace
Published: July 2023

An important factor influencing the success of regional development, one of which is the human resources (HR) that have a role in increasing the productivity and competitiveness of a region. An analysis of the competitiveness of a region needs to be carried out to identify weaknesses and strengths in human resource aspects that will have an impact on economic performance and people's welfare. This study aims to analyze the Regional Competitiveness Index (IDSD) of Banten Province in terms of human resources using several indicators, including education level, availability of employment, health, and investment environment. The method used is descriptive analysis and regional competitiveness index calculation. The data used in this study were obtained from the National Research and Innovation Agency. The results of the study show that Banten Province has an IDSD value on the health pillar of 3.75. From the health pillar, there are 3 regencies/cities that have a higher IDSD score, namely Tangerang Regency with a score of 3.85, Tangerang City with a score of 4, and South Tangerang City with a score of 4. Meanwhile, the IDSD score on the skills pillar has a score of 3.44. There were only 3 that had a higher IDSD score, namely Tangerang City with a value of 3.86, Cilegon with a value of 3.53, and South Tangerang City with a value of 3.79. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the quality of human resources in Banten Province by taking into account the factors that affect competitiveness, including education, availability of fields, employment, health, and the investment environment.
PM2.5 Concentration Pattern in ASEAN Countries Based on Population Density
Authors: Teguh Panuju Achmad Yahya , Usman Mustofa
Published: July 2023

The concentration of PM2.5 in ambient air is one of the indicators of air quality that affects public health. This pollutant is considered hazardous due to its small size, which allows it to enter the lungs and remain suspended in the air for a considerable amount of time. Identifying the patterns of PM2.5 concentration distribution is important to recognize the influential factors in increasing PM2.5 concentrations, thus enabling better formulation of solutions. This study analyzed the patterns of PM2.5 concentrations in three ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Four randomly selected measurement locations were chosen in each country, with two locations in densely populated areas and two others in low-density areas. The sample data of PM2.5 concentrations were analyzed using nested factor analysis of variance, which allowed the relationship between the taken parameters, namely country, location, and population density classification, to be determined. The results revealed that all parameters had a significant influence on PM2.5 concentrations.
Model and Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules with Irradiation and Temperature Variations using Simulation Technology
Authors: Rahmaniar Rahmaniar , Khairul Khairul , Junaidi Agus
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the modeling and analysis of Photovoltaic (PV) modules with irradiation and temperature variations using simulation technology. Modeling is carried out on solar modules through the p-n junction principle, a PV module model with temperature independence of photocurrent sources, diode saturation currents, and series resistances based on the Shockley diode equation. The photovoltaic process of solar radiation, PV cells convert a portion of the photovoltaic potential directly into electricity with I-V and P-V output characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the sun's energy is converted into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic module simulation process with Matlab/Simulink, is carried out to observe the performance through the I-V and P-V characteristics of the solar module. The model, which is developed in a user-friendly manner using the Simulink block, shows the results of the PV characteristics when irradiation increases, the output current increases and the output voltage also increases. This results in a net increase in power output with increased irradiation at constant temperature.
Improving Working Method of Label Cutting Station in the Jago Jaya Shuttlecock Industry for Increases Productivity
Authors: Astuti Rahmaniyah Dwi , Suhardi Bambang , Iftadi Irwan , Nadhira Afra Galda , Syahliantina Annisa
Published: July 2023

The process of cutting labels at the Jago Jaya Industry Shuttlecock has not implemented efficient working methods, so production targets are not achieved. This study aims to improve the working method of the workstation through the implementation of a label cutting tool in the Jago Jaya industry. The method used to analyze hand movements uses the Right Hand and Left Hand Map. Improved operator hand movements to be more balanced so as to increase productivity at the label cutting workstation. The time required to cut 50 labels was reduced from 72 seconds to 46 seconds after the application of the cutting tool and the change in the placement of the equipment closer to the operator. After the implementation of the pacemaker, the ineffective movements of the left hand were eliminated, such as 8 times from 10 to 2 times and 4 times from 6 to 2 times. Meanwhile, on the right, campaigns were held 1 time, from 5 times to 4 times.