bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politik Risk ile Genişletilmiş Çekim Modeli: Türkiye’nin İkili Ticareti için Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÇOBAN Begüm , AKKOÇ Uğur
Published: January 2024

20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren hızlanan küreselleşme ile birlikte uluslararası ticaretin hacminde büyük bir artış gerçekleşmiş ve beraberinde kompozisyonunda da değişim gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte tüm dünyada aynı dönemde politik riskin yükseldiği bilinmektedir. Önemi giderek artan bir risk türü olan politik risk, uluslararası ticaretin yönü ve bileşimi üzerinde güçlü etkilere sahiptir. Buna rağmen literatür politik risk ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkiyi yoğun biçimde incelerken uluslararası ticaret ile politik risk ilişkisini test eden çalışmalar ise son derece az sayıdadır. Türkiye’nin 45 ticaret ortağının yer aldığı bu çalışmada politik riskin Türkiye’nin dış ticareti üzerindeki etkisi 2003-2017 dönemi için panel çekim modeli çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Genelleştirilmiş momentler yönteminin kullanıldığı mevcut analizin sonuçlarına göre partner ülkelerin kişi başına düşen reel gayri safi yurt içi hasılası ile risk faktör endeksinin Türkiye’nin dış ticaretinde önemli belirleyiciler oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca risk bileşenlerinden yalnızca yolsuzluk, sosyoekonomik koşullar, iç çatışma ve kanun ile düzen risklerinin uluslararası ticaret üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Analysis of the performance verbs in achievement standard of 2022 revised elementary mathematics curriculum based on revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives
Authors:   The Korean School Mathematics Society, Lee Min Ku , Ryu Sung Rim
Published: January 2024

This study classified performance verbs that appeared in the achievement standards of the 2022 revised elementary mathematics curriculum based on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. The results of this study are as follows. First, the total number of achievement standards is 121. And the number of performance verbs included in these achievement standards was 171. Second, the number of performance verbs for each grade group was in the order of understand and speak in the 1st and 2nd grade groups. And in the 3rd to 4th grade group, the order is understand, explain and calculate. In the 5th and 6th grade group, the number of performance verbs was in the order of understand and know. Third, in all grade groups, the number of topics was in the order of understand, application, and memory. It was found that understanding was more concentrated than the others.
The effect of an agent tutor’s integration of cognitive and emotional gestures on cognitive load, motivation, and achievement
Authors: Choi Soonri , Kang Soomin , Lee Kyungmin , Ju Hongjoo , Song Jihoon
Published: January 2024

This study proposes that the gestures of an agent tutor in a multimedia learning environment can generate positive and negative emotions in learners and influence their cognitive processes. To achieve this, we developed and integrated positive and negative agent tutor gestures in a multimedia learning environment directed by cognitive gestures. The effects of emotion type on cognition were examined in terms of cognitive load, learning motivation, and achievement. The subjects were 46 university students in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The students were divided into three learner groups: cognition, cognition + negative emotion, and cognition + positive emotion. The learners watched a tutorial lecture on the Notion note-taking app by an agent tutor. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA to determine the cognitive load, learning motivation, and achievement. The results showed that the positive emotion design was more effective in terms of intrinsic cognitive load, learning motivation, and achievement but had a higher extrinsic cognitive load. However, even the negative + passive group showed more positive learning than the cognition group. Although this study focused on gestures by an agent tutor, it implies that such gestures in multimedia learning contexts must be informed by emotional as well as cognitive design to provide a more meaningful learning experience.
Awareness and readability of privacy policy documents in mobile loan applications among undergraduate students in Nigeria
Authors: Mbazu Emmanuel Chinedu , Oladokun Bolaji David , Kakwagh Venatus Vaatyough , Mohammed James Dada
Published: January 2024

The study investigated the awareness and readability of privacy policy documents on mobile loan applications among undergraduate students at Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. Two research objectives specifically guided the conduct of the study. The study adopted a descriptive design approach (survey) and the questionnaire as its primary instrument for data collection. The population comprised 33,700 students of Kogi State University. Given the large population, Krejcie and Morgan were used to purposively select 379 undergraduate students who have smartphones across eight faculties. The study’s findings demonstrate adequate knowledge and sensitization on the part of undergraduates to privacy policy documents on mobile loan applications. It was discovered that students of tertiary institutions were aware of the availability of privacy policy documents on mobile loan applications because of their level of social and technological intelligence. Despite students’ level of awareness of privacy policy documents on mobile loan applications, there is, however, a poor level of readability of privacy policy documents. The study concludes that following the known and unknown consequences, students have failed to carefully read the entire privacy policy documents in a mobile loan application. The study, among others, recommends that commercial banks and other financial institutions should educate the students more adequately on the eventual risks and consequences of not reading privacy policy documents on mobile loan applications, and mobile loan application developers should concisely mention the privacy policies and put security measures in place to protect user’s data.
Antioxidant Activity and Tyrosinase Inhibitor of Red Betel Leaf Extract
Authors: Weni Mustika , Safithri Mega
Published: January 2024

Red betel leaf (Piper Crocatum) contains flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and alkaloids, known to act as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of red betel leaf extract. The solvents used for the extraction process are ethanol and n-hexane. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to determine antioxidant activity. The results showed that the extract of 200 ppm inhibited fatty acid oxidation by 52.13%. No significant difference (α = 0.05) inhibition of unsaturated fatty acids oxidation between the sample and α-tocopherol at 200 ppm. The ethanol extract of red betel can inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme higher than the n-hexane extract of red betel, as seen from the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of red betel of 1655 ppm, while the IC50 value of n-hexane of red betel is 3090.56 ppm.
The Role of Government Policy Toward Technology Continuance Intention on Digital Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Arkanuddin Mohammad Fahmi , Susanti  , Broto Mani Festati
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of government policy to the variables of perceived convenience, perceived usefulness, and confirmation and to analyze the effect of government policy on technology continuance intention. The research approach uses quantitative and research instruments by distributing 120 questionnaires to users of digital applications (e-commerce and fintech). Data processing using the SEM-Amos analysis tool. The results indicate that government policy exhibits strong correlations with a perceived ease of use estimate of 0.648, a perceived usefulness estimate of 0.261, and a confirmation estimate of 0.640. Moreover, the study reveals that government policy significantly influences technology continuance intention estimate: 0.349, (p-value estimate: 0.027 < cut-off p-value of 0.050, critical ratio value: 2.204 > cut-off critical ratio value of 1.690). These findings underscore the crucial role of government policy in fostering the growth of the digital industry in Indonesia. The study demonstrates that government involvement in the digital industry is of utmost importance and significantly impacts technology continuance intention in the future.
Towards a Transformed Geography Curriculum: A Post-colonial Critique
Authors: Tarisayi Kudzayi
Published: January 2024

The growing need to decolonize higher education has put pressure on geography educators to reform curricula and pedagogy. This literature review examines the history, rationale and pathways of curriculum decolonization with an emphasis on: 1) the history of calls to decolonize geography courses 2) arguments for why reform is needed and 3) examples of reforms in different contexts. A postcolonial framework clarifies why traditional curricula perpetuate marginalization and why transforming geographic education is crucial. It also highlights how teacher development focused on decolonization, local pedagogy and knowledge can facilitate reform. Overall, transforming geographic education to recognize excluded perspectives, knowledge and injustice is imperative but progress depends on empowering educators to envision and implement transformative reforms.
Climate Change, Peace, and Language Usage in the United Nations Reports within the ASEAN Style of Multilateralism
Authors: Adiputri Ratih Dwiyani
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on Indonesia's efforts to tackle peace-related climate change, which shows the ASEAN style of multilateralism. The multilateralism style of this Southeast Asian Regional Organization (ASEAN) highlights passivity and ineffective collaboration in the area. By studying the United Nations General Assembly plenary sessions between 2016 and 2021 and the formal documents from both the ASEAN and the Indonesian government, the paper shows that commitment to the discussion at the global and international levels is not moved beyond the meetings or implemented at the local (country) level. With such normative terminologies used in the documents and the employment of its language usage, Southeast Asian multilateralism shows the practice of upholding principles/norms in discussing climate change, but not as an outcome or action. As climate crisis action is immediately needed, one possible way can be to start by using strong words to tackle climate crises in global commitments and start to act.
Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea and the Role of African Regional Organisations in Ensuring Security of Maritime Shipping
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Zhambikov Alexander
Published: January 2024

The first decade of the XXI century witnessed a rise in piracy in some regions of the world, including the Gulf of Guinea. The purposes of this article are to find out historical reasons of the emergence of piracy in off the West coast of Africa and to analyse the participation of African regional organisations in the struggle for ensuring security of maritime shipping in the Gulf of Guinea. The initial surge in incidence of attacks against merchant ships was caused by anti-governmental groups, which adopted pirate tactics. Later, piracy off the shores of Central and West Africa turned into a profitable type of organised crime. Pirates of the Gulf of Guinea inflicted significant damage to economic development of the countries of the region and began to pose a threat to shipping off the West African shore of the Atlantic. The article describes how interregional cooperation with external partnership was organised to counter transborder nature of pirate activities. Based on regional organisations, specifically, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the maritime security summit held on June 24–25, 2013 in Yaoundé adopted the Code of Conduct, which contained a list of measures to combat piracy. The Code of Conduct envisaged close cooperation among the nations of Central and West Africa with help of “external” partners in order to ensure rapid reaction to counter pirate attacks. Research of the problem indicates that only consecutive realisation of these measures allowed to reach a tangible result almost 10 years later, namely, in 2022. Nevertheless, if control over waters of the Gulf of Guinea is weakened, piracy may resurge, because its social and economic roots still exist.
Characteristics of Students’ Performance at Different Levels in a Democratic Communication Assessment: The Use of Text-mining Analyses
Authors:   Korean Society for Educational Evaluation, Noh Young Hyun , Ham Eun Hye
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate how different levels of student performance are distinctively characterized in a scenario-based democratic communication assessment, applying a series of text-mining analyses. Responses written by 543 middle school students were categorized into higher, middle, and lower levels according to their scores, and the performance characteristics of the groups were compared. The main findings are as follows. First, the keyword frequency analyses showed that words describing the problem situation in the scenario were frequent at the lower level, while words describing methods and procedures for solving the problem were frequent at the upper level. Second, as a result of keyword network analysis, words describing the situation were loosely connected at the lower level, while words describing the principles of problem solving showed higher centrality. Third, the topic modeling analysis showed that at the lower level, the presented problem situation emerged as a latent topic, while at the upper level, mutual respect and problem solving methods emerged as latent topics. Finally, we discuss the usefulness and future challenges of using text mining techniques to scrutinize qualitative differences in student performance in constructed response questions.
Managers and Communications (Manajer dan Komunikasi)
Authors: Amalia Welli Siti
Published: January 2024

1.What Is Communication? : Apa itu Komunikasi ?Komunikasi•Transfer dan pemahaman makna.oTransfer artinya pesan diterima dalam bentuk yang dapat ditafsirkan oleh penerima oMemahami pesan tidak sama dengan menyetujui penerima pesan.•Komunikasi InterpersonaloKomunikasi antara dua orang atau lebih•Komunikasi organisasionaloSemua pola, jaringan, dan sistem komunikasi dalam suatu organisasi2.Four Functions of Communication : Empat Fungsi KomunikasiInformasiEkspresi EmosionalKontrolMotivasi3.Interpersonal Communication : Komunikasi interpersonalMessage = Pesan•Sumber: maksud pengirimEncoding = Pengkodean•Pesan diubah ke bentuk simbolisChannel = Saluran•Media yang dilalui pesan tersebutDecoding•Penerjemahan ulang pesan oleh penerima.Noise = Kebisingan•Gangguan yang mengganggu komunikasi
Akuntansi Mudharabah
Authors: Riska
Published: January 2024

Apabila usaha tersebut mengalami kegagalan dan terjadi kerugian yang mengakibatkan sebagaian atau bahkan seluruh modal yang di tanamkan oleh pemilik dana habis, maka yang menanggung kerugian keuangan hanya pemilik dana. Sedangan pengelola dana sama sekali tidak menanggung atau tidak harus manganti kerugian atas modal yang hilang, kecuali kerugian tersebut terjadi sebagai akibat kesengajaan, kelalaian atau pelanggaran akad yang di lakukan oleh pengelola dana. Pengelolah dana hanya menanggung kehilangan atau resiko berupa waktu, pikiran, dan jerih payah yang telah di curahkannya selama mengelola proyek atau usaha tersebut, serta kehilangan kesempatan untuk memperoleh sebagian dari pembagian sesuai dengan yang telah di tetapkan dalam perjanjian mudharabah
Karakter dan kemampuan pengerasan baja pada uji jominy
Authors: Ridho Hudan Aqil
Published: January 2024

Queenching merupakan proses pengerasan baja melalui cara dipanasakan sampai batas austenit. Annealing adalah proses perlakuan panas yang mengubah struktur mikro suatu material dan dengan demikian mengubah sifat mekaniknya. Uji pendinginan ujung Jominy digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan pengerasan suatu baja, yang merupakan ukuran kapasitas baja untuk mengeras secara mendalam pada kondisi tertentu. Ada berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pengerasan baja seperti ukuran butir austenit, kandungan karbon dan persentase unsur paduan. Uji Jominy yang dimodifikasi dirancang untuk memprediksi kekerasan baja perkakas dengan kekerasan tinggi dan kemungkinan penerapan uji Jominy yang dimodifikasi dalam simulasi komputer pendinginan baja perkakas dengan kekerasan tinggi telah diselidiki. Dari grafik yang kami badingkan terlihat bahwa kekerasan (HRC) kami sebelum dan sesudah heat treatment naik turun tetapi tidak signifikan sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekerasan spesimen pengujian kami kekerasanya tetap.
ARTIKEL ILMIAH MENGGAMBAR TEKNIK RAMADHIVA AVANDY RASYIDIQ
Authors: rasyidiq ramadhiva avandy
Published: January 2024

Perencanaan urutan perakitan suatu produk dapat dihasilkan melalui tiga tahap: pertama, menghasilkan batasan prioritas; kedua, mencari alternatif urutan perakitan; dan ketiga, memilih urutan perakitan terbaik. Pembuatan urutan perakitan membutuhkan batasan prioritas untuk menemukan perakitan yang layak. Tabrakan antara dua komponen dapat menyebabkan terhalangnya komponen yang satu dengan yang lain setelah perakitan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah metode otomatis untuk menghasilkan batasan prioritas. Metode ini menggunakan informasi tertentu: jalur perakitan bebas tabrakan; jumlah koneksi antar komponen; dan volume komponen. Informasi ini diekstrak dari database CAD (Computer Aided Design). Metode yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini akan digunakan untuk mengembangkan proses otomatis pembuatan urutan perakitan dengan menggunakan gambar solid tiga dimensi (3D) dalam bentuk gambar bertumpuk dalam sistem CAD.
Online Interventions Addressing Health Misinformation: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Grover Hiya , Nour Radwa , Powell Leigh
Published: January 2024

Health misinformation is a significant area of concern in the context of public health. With the rapidly increasing production, propagation, and dissemination of incomplete, incorrect, or unsubstantiated information about health through the internet, the ‘Infodemic’ threatens individual and population health attitudes and behaviours. Pragmatic educational, interventions that can be implemented are imperative to address this, designed with fundamental support based on frameworks that target the characteristics of misinformation and human factors that increase susceptibility. Present literature details and recommends development of such interventions; however, there is a lack of clarity about implementation strategies and frameworks that contribute to their development. The objective of this scoping review is to identify online interventions that have been implemented to address health misinformation. We will examine 1) the target populations, 2) the methods and/or frameworks used to guide development of interventions, 3) what characteristics of misinformation are being addressed, 4) the type of intervention (i.e., online courses, videos, infographics, counter-speech, social media posts, etc.).
PENERAPAN METODE JOMINY TEST PADA BAJA ST 42 BERDASARKAN FAKTOR NUMERIK UNTUK MENGETAHUI PENGERASAN BAJA DENGAN TEMPERATUR TERTENTU
Authors: Budiono Moh. Arif
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini membahas korelasi numerik dari faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhikemampuan pengerasan baja AISI 1045 yang diserahkan pada uji end-quench Jominy dalamtiga suhu austenitisasi: 20 °C, 70 °C dan 120 °C di atas suhu kritis (Ac3) menurut ke diagramCCT (Transformasi Pendinginan Berkelanjutan). Termokopel ditempatkan dalam spesimenpada titik yang telah ditentukan untuk mendapatkan kurva pendinginan selama uji pendinginanakhir Jominy. Analisis metalografi dan profil kekerasan Jominy (menggunakan metodeRockwell C) memungkinkan evaluasi kemampuan pengerasan dalam fungsi suhuaustenitisasi. Tes pendinginan akhir Jominy dibahas di makalah. Simulasi elemen hingga pengujian ini dilakukan termasuk pemodelan transformasi fasa. Untuk mendemonstrasikan kemampuanmodel, disajikan hasil simulasi numerik untuk dua baja bainitik dengan komposisi kimiaberbeda. Model transformasi fasa untuk baja ini dikembangkan berdasarkan uji dilatometri.Model ini diimplementasikan dalam kode FE dan kinetika transformasi selama uji Jominydihitung
kerangka dasar penyusunan dan penyajian laporan keuangan syariah
Authors: Aisyiah Siti Husnul
Published: January 2024

Penyajian laporan keuangan merupakan suatu standar akuntansi yang akan menjelaskan tentang komponen suatu laporan keuangan, penyajian yang wajar, serta konsepakuntansi yang fundamental, kebijakan suatu pengungkapan, serta struktur dan konten dari laporan keuangan. Karakteristik dalam penyajian laporan keuangan yaitu penyajian secara wajar dan kepatuhan terhadap PSAK, kelangsungan usaha, dasar akrual, materialitas dan penggabungan, saling hapus, frekunsi pelaporan, informasi komparatif, serta konsistensi penyajian.
Language Style Matching Without Interaction: Consuming Entertainment Media from Someone Unlike You is Engaging
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew
Published: January 2024

Prior work suggests people often exhibit mutual attention with conversational partners by using a common rate of style words (e.g., articles, pronouns). Indeed, mutual attention via Language Style Matching (LSM) has associated positively with downstream social and psychological dynamics such as cooperation, liking, and well-being. To what degree is LSM predictive of engagement in non-interactive, entertainment media settings? This preregistered, two-study paper addressed this question by collecting participants’ writing style with three diverse prompts, and then having them consume a random selection of TED talks (Study 1) and videotaped podcast narratives (Study 2). The evidence suggested less LSM was associated with engagement (e.g., an interest in watching another video by the speaker, feeling connected to the speaker). Mediation analyses revealed the negative relationship between LSM and engagement was explained by one’s novelty need satisfaction. Implications for LSM research, plus character construction and narrative development in media psychology, are discussed.
Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Cova Florian , Abatista Angela Gaia Felicita
Published: January 2024

Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project (XRP) to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy (osf.io/dvkpr). Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward.
Characteristics of the species diversity of endobiontic infusoria in mammals in the Northern and Arctic territories
Authors: Sleptsov E. S. , Vladimirov L. N. , Machakhtyrov G. N. , Fedorov V. I. , Machakhtyrova V. A. , Shadrina Y. L. , Andreeva M. V.
Published: January 2024

Thein terim results of the first year of the project,funded by theRussian Science Foundation(RSF), are presented. The study focuses  on the species  diversity of  the symbiofauna of  domestic  animals bred  in Yakutia.A total  of  1,760 samples  were  collected  from  various  types of  domestic  animals and analyzed.  The research identified  and described  98species of endobiontsin ruminantsand25species in horses (based on2breedtypesof theYakutbreed). Additionally, severalr are  species  of  ciliates  were  discovered during  the study. Notably, this  study is  the first to  compare the diversity  of Yakut aboriginal cattle with  crossbred  and Simmental cattle. The findings reveal  that  the endemic Yakut cow, bred under conditions of poor, low-nutrient feeding during along winter period, has developed an adaptive functional feature, such  as  a diverse  symbiont  fauna of  protozoa,  to  facilitate  the complete  breakdown and absorption of  limited nutrients in  the feed.  Furthermore, the study found no significant differences in  symbiofauna between the Even and Chukotka reindeer breeds, which differ in their breeding zones.

In  the Even breed of  deer,  a total  of  13 species  were  identified, while in  the Chukchi deer,  11  species  from  six genera were  found.  In  domestic  sheep and hybrids (which  are half  domestic  sheep and half  wild  bighorn sheep),  12 ciliate species were identified, buttheir diversity did not differ. In theYakuthorsebreed,15 species of endobiont ciliates were identified, of  which 11  are indigenous  and 14 are of  the Yan type. This  research provides the first data  on the endobionts of herd horses of the Yanatype of the Yakutbreed. Thestudied populations of herd horses were characterized by are latively high level of end obiontdiversity. The species similarity between two populations of the Yakut horse breed, bred  in  different geographical zones,  was demonstrated. This  research has identified  the symbiotic  fauna of  domestic animals and established a connection between the species  composition  of  the symbiotic  fauna and the habitat  of  the animals, including their social behavior.
Mathematical modeling of sustainable development in North Russia
Authors: Pyatkov S. G. , Vladimirov L. N. , Popov S. V.
Published: January 2024

The main mathematical models used to address issues related to global climate change and human impact on the natural systems of the northern regions are discussed. These models were employed to analyze the effects of emergency situations and develop regional decision-making systems for prevention and mitigation. Moreover, these models can be utilized to establish automated networks for monitoring carbon flows, forecasting climate change, identifying sources of pollution, and describing the processes by which pollution spreads in the atmosphere, soil, or water bodies. These efforts aim to address the environmental damage and mitigate the negative impacts of human activity on the natural world.
The Role of Chemistry in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Mini Review
Authors: Shakya Bhushan
Published: January 2024

No abstract available.
Influence of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Young Families Residing at Harion Municipality in Sarlahi District of Nepal
Authors: Thapaliya Samjhana , Giri Surendra
Published: January 2024

Since the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, the spread of the COVID-19 was the focus of attention of scientists, governments and populations. One of the main concerns was the influence of this pandemic on people’s health, mainly on mental health. This study is an in-depth analysis of the influence of COVID-19 and its measurement policies on mental health of young families residing at Harion municipality in Sarlahi district of Nepal. Husserl phenomenology approach was used to explore the experience of young families. Four participants were phone interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule to elicit their experiences of COVID-19 and its influence on their mental health. The analysis was carried out under three major themes: (1) ‘COVID-19 and its influence’, (2) ‘Lockdown and its effects’, and (3) ‘COVID-19 and strategies for the prevention from this disease’. Fear of getting disease and being affected themselves and their beloved ones and end of life was one of the main causes. Another cause by the lockdown created financial challenges and loneliness with serious mental health problem in young families. The findings highlight the influences of COVID-19 and its measurement policies effects in mental health and different ways of coping strategies adopted by young families in Nepal.
The Role of NHRC in Regulating Health Research Ethics in Nepal: A Narrative Review
Authors: Adhikari Anup , Aryal Bhagwan , Devkota Swikriti , Acharya Hema , K.C. Amita
Published: January 2024

This study aims to chart Nepal's evolution of health research ethics over time and the role of the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) in its regulation. This narrative review article mentions the pervasiveness of contract research and the contribution of universities and international organizations in producing data and supporting pilot projects. It further highlights the structural inequalities and limitations of health research in Nepal, including lack of technology, infrastructure, funding, limited access to resources and global scientific networks. It discusses Nepal's emerging regulatory and ethical field, establishing the NHRC and developing ethical guidelines and review committees. The challenges faced by NHRC in terms of capacity and resources and the need to strengthen research ethics monitoring and compliance are also marked. This article also discusses several key challenges and areas of concern regarding research ethics and capacity building in Nepal's health research context. The conflicts arising from defining health research and determining which activities require ethical review are highlighted, especially about programmatic interventions and monitoring and evaluation exercises. The need for comprehensive mapping of health research activities is emphasized as an initial step toward understanding the research landscape. Additionally, issues related to timely ethical reviews, the co-investigator’s role, institutional research capacity, data ownership, publication practices, and the ethical considerations of health and development interventions are discussed. It emphasizes redressing these challenges and promoting responsible research practices in Nepal.
Parental and Teacher Factors Associated with Cognitive Development of Preschool Children
Authors: Yogi Belpatra Nath
Published: January 2024

Early years are the foundational stages for children's cognitive development. This study aimed at analyzing the parental and teacher characteristics associated with preschool children's cognitive development. A cross-sectional design based on quantitative data was adopted in the study. A standard checklist was used to test the cognitive skills of 280 preschool children sampled through multi-stage cum stratified method equally from community and institutional schools in Birendranagar Municipality of Surkhet district in Nepal. The 280 parents and 32 teachers of these children were interviewed for their background characteristics. Many parental and teacher characteristics had significant association with children's cognitive development. The mothers with secondary level and higher education and employing non-labour occupation were associated with their children's higher cognitive outcomes. Similarly, teachers with secondary level and higher degree, preschool experiences below ten years, and high-paid salaries had significant positive association with children's cognitive development. Additionally, parental interaction and engagement with children and their teachers were beneficial for better cognitive skills of the children. So, the educational plans, policies, and programmes should give equal priority to the parental programmes to sensitize and empower the parents, especially the mothers, for their active roles in caring their children and interacting with the teachers. At the same time, the government and all the educational institutions should minimize the gap on teacher's pay between preschool and higher levels.
Globalisation and Pace of Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Khanal Rajesh Keshar
Published: January 2024

Nepal faced serious economic crisis during mid 1980s. Overall balance of payment of the country turned negative in 1982/83 and it remained in the same pattern for three consecutive years. Nepal approached the IMF and the World Bank for their support in solving the economic crises that were being experienced at that time. In response to Nepal's approach these institutions helped Nepal with financial assistance with conditions in order to tide over the external imbalance. These institutions made reformation policies and Nepal had to implement these policies. Nepal entered into the new era of international economic order termed as 'Globalisation'. Nepal formulated and implemented many economic reformation policies compatible with the process of globalisation, liberalisation and privatisation in order to accelerate the process of economic globalisation. This paper aims at studying and analyzing effects of globalisation of Nepalese economy on GDP growth rate and its composition during last three decades starting from 1991/92. The study finds that the globalisation of Nepalese economy has not been able to accelerate the pace of economic growth at desired level.
Vibration Analysis for Turning-Milling Process Condition Monitoring using Short-Time Fourier Transform Enhanced by Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Susanto Agus
Published: January 2024

Turn-milling process is widely applied in industries that provides advantages for machining large-diameter mechanical parts with high speed, reducing cutting temperature, which in turn decreases tool wear. However, it needs to monitor the turn-milling process for preventing the onset of chatter vibration during operation and the chatter induces negative effects. Vibration analysis is one of the ways for monitoring it. However, acquired vibrations should be denoised from noises, wherein the conventional signal filter may have defiance to do that. This paper presents the utilization of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method as an efficient and adaptive noise filter. The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) improvement using EMD is then used for monitoring turn-milling process conditions in the energy-time-frequency domain. The results showed that the reconstructed signal was quite impressive compared to the raw signal and the oscillation of the filtered signal was clearer than the raw signal. The improvement of the filtered signals was proved by the kurtosis index and spectral kurtosis. The improved STFT using EMD showed a significant spectrum with high resolution compared to conventional STFT. The energy density could be observed clearly in the machining characteristic frequencies with an improvement of about 10-100 times larger. The proposed method is therefore effectively applied to monitor the turn-milling condition.
Pengadaan Tanah dalam Hutan Konservasi: Pengalaman Pembebasan Lahan Jalan Tol Balikpapan-Samarinda di Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya
Authors: Ilmadianti Ilmadianti , Salim M Nazir
Published: January 2024

The existence of the land acquisition object for the construction of the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road, which has the status of the Bukit Soeharto Grand Forest Park (Tahura) area, raises problems, namely being forced to change the spatial layout and provide compensation to the community because at the Tahura location there is land control by the community. This research aims to explain the mechanism for changing the designation of some conservation forest areas to Allocation for Other Uses (APL), look at the consequences of changing the designation of forest areas, and explain the process of compensation to communities that control APL in the "former" Tahura area. The research method used is a socio-legal method with a document study and field study approach. The results of the research show that the change in the designation of some forest areas to APL is carried out through a mechanism for changing the designation of forest areas for provincial areas, the status of APL land in former forest areas is state land, and the provision of compensation for communities that control APL in former forest areas only covers objects that are above the ground. Changing conservation forests to APL is a compromise effort, even though the solution seems forced. The compensation is considered unfair because the government relies more on normative arguments that do not benefit the community.
 
Keberadaan obyek pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan jalan tol Balikpapan-Samarinda yang berstatus Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Bukit Soeharto menimbulkan persoalan, yakni terpaksa merubah tata ruang dan ganti rugi kepada masyarakat, karena di lokasi Tahura terdapat penguasaan tanah oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini ingin menjelaskan mekanisme perubahan peruntukan sebagian kawasan hutan konservasi menjadi Alokasi Penggunaan Lain (APL), melihat konsekuensi perubahan peruntukan kawasan hutan, dan menjelaskan proses ganti rugi kepada masyarakat yang menguasai APL pada “bekas” kawasan Tahura. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sosio-legal dengan pendekatan studi dokumen dan studi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perubahan peruntukan sebagian kawasan hutan menjadi APL dilakukan melalui mekanisme perubahan peruntukan kawasan hutan untuk wilayah provinsi, status tanah APL bekas kawasan hutan adalah Tanah Negara, dan pemberian ganti kerugian bagi masyarakat yang menguasai APL bekas kawasan hutan hanya meliputi benda-benda yang berada di atas tanah. Perubahan hutan konservasi menjadi APL adalah upaya kompromi yang dilakukan sekalipun jalan keluarnya terkesan dipaksakan, ganti rugi yang dianggap tidak adil, karena pemerintah lebih bersandar pada argumen normatif yang tidak menguntungkan masyarakat.
Perolehan Tanah Untuk Perwakilan Negara Asing di Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN)
Authors: Ats Tsaurah Zahra , Fuad Fokky , Rifai Anis
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on land acquisition for Foreign Country Representatives (PNA) in the Indonesian Capital City (IKN). The diplomatic compound area in IKN was obtained from the release of forest areas and was given management rights (HPL) to the IKN Authority. According to land regulations, PNA is given use rights as long as it is used (HPSD), and HPL is deleted if HPSD is granted. The consequence of eliminating HPL is the loss of Indonesian government assets. This research uses normative legal research by analyzing statutory regulations and library materials. The research results show that, based on diplomatic law, the PNA can own land or rent it, and PNA property has an immune function in the recipient country that cannot be contested. The IKN authority obtained land through the release of forest areas and land acquisition. The PNA land acquisition scheme can be carried out in three ways: releasing HPL simultaneously with civil land acquisition, direct land acquisition outside the Diplomatic Compound Area, and renting or borrowing without providing HPSD.
 
Penelitian ini berfokus pada perolehan tanah untuk Perwakilan Negara Asing (PNA) di Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN). Kawasan Diplomatic Compound di IKN diperoleh dari pelepasan kawasan hutan dan diberikan Hak Pengelolaan (HPL) kepada Otoritas IKN. Menurut peraturan pertanahan PNA diberikan hak pakai selama dipergunakan (HPSD) dan HPL hapus apabila diberikan HPSD. Konsekuensi hapusnya HPL yaitu hilangnya aset pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menganalisis peraturan perundangan dan bahan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hukum diplomatik, PNA dapat memiliki lahan ataupun sewa dan properti PNA memiliki fungsi kekebalan di negara penerima yang tidak dapat diganggu gugat. Otoritas IKN memperoleh tanah dari pelepasan kawasan hutan dan pengadaan tanah. Skema perolehan tanah PNA dapat dilakukan dengan 3 cara, yaitu pelepasan HPL berbarengan dengan perolehan tanah secara perdata, pengadaan tanah langsung di luar Kawasan Diplomatic Compound, dan sewa atau pinjam pakai tanpa adanya pemberian HPSD.
Značenje bolesti Covid-19 za sigurnost i zdravlje na radu
Authors: Markič Mirko , Pavlič Miran , Markič Matej , Janež Jasna
Published: January 2024

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi značenje i sadržaja koje je pojavljivanje bolesti COVID-19 imalo na području znanosti o sigurnosti u razdoblju od 2020. do 2022. Metodom Prizma autori su analizirali 3.992 članka objavljena u časopisima Safety Science, Accident Analysis & Prevention, Journal of Safety Research, Safety and Health at Work, International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, Sigurnost te Delo in varnost. Utvrdili su da ta tematika nije privukla veliku pozornost jer ju je obrađivalo nešto više od 1 % autora iz 26 država svijeta. Tematika bolesti COVID-19 u najvećem broju slučajeva bila je obrađivana iz aspekta psihosocijalnih stresora radnoga okruženja (8 istraživanja), organizacijskih mjera za sprečavanje zaraze (4 istraživanja), osobne zaštitne opreme (4 istraživanja) i drugoga, kao što su složenost, sustavni pristup i analiza rizika (3 teorijska članka). Nitko od autora u sigurnosnoj struci „utemeljenoj na dokazima” nije prepoznao moguće opasnosti koje bi proizlazile iz ključnih pokazatelja poput čestoće i ozbiljnosti ozljeda te zdravstvenih problema u organizacijama. Rezultati istraživanja donose korisne informacije za razvoj znanosti o sigurnosti i struke te pružaju mogućnosti za daljnje istraživanje.
Effects of Cranberry on Outpatients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Al-Juhaishi Atheer Majid Rashid , Munaf Aal-Aaboda  , Amal U. Mosa
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 disease is an acute viral infection illness of the airway system resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cranberry is an evergreen group of dwarf shrubs of the Vaccinium Oxycoccus. The most important pharmacological effects of cranberry are related to its composition liking of quercetin, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. cranberry had numerous pharmacological activities encompassing antioxidant, cardioprotective, antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, and regulated glucose levels. This research aimed to estimate the potential activity of cranberry to enhance the efficacy of standard therapy for COVID-19 infection. A total of 30 patients with age ≥ 18 years suffering from mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia volunteered to do this study, allocated into two groups. The first group managed standard treatment only according to the National Institutes of Health, while the second group managed standard treatment plus cranberry 1000 mg capsule per day for 7 days. Each patient was assessed individually and follow up for 10 days. Cranberry significantly enhanced the effect of standard COVID – 19 therapies by rapidly relieving clinical symptoms of COVID – 19 infections and significantly lowered the count of WBC, CRP, D-Dimer, and ferritin in comparison with patients who only received STD therapy at P<0.05. In conclusion, Cranberry significantly improved STD therapy by reducing the inflammatory response and enhancing lung function via maintaining normal SPO2% level and relieving clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Juniperus oxycedrus L. plant grown in Iraq
Authors: Naser Estabraq Hussein , Sarmed H. Kathem
Published: January 2024

Plant extracts are differ in quality and quantity of crud extract according to the extraction solvent, extraction time, and temperature. Herbal medicine used during the history for prevention and treatment of illnesses and promotion of health also used for enhancing the quality and span of our life. Juniperus oxycedrus banches and leaves are extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus to extract the polar compounds according to like dissolve like rule. The flavonoids components of type flavonol, as rutin, quercetin, and catechin, as well as flavone, as apigenin, were present in the crude extract that was extracted by preparative HPLC. The isolated compounds are examined using the UV spectrum, FT IR spectrum, mass spectrum by comparing the base peak mass m/z, and HPLC by comparing the retention times of the isolated and matching compounds.
How Do Parental Factors Increase the Probability for Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Authors: Riadh M.Shafeea Shumoos , M. Anwer Zinah , Ali Saleem Zainab
Published: January 2024

Two prevalent neurodevelopment disorders in children are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes autism as a condition marked by limitations in social communication as well as restricted, repetitive behavior patterns. While impulsivity, hyperactivity, and lack of concentration are signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Boys experience it more frequently than girls do. This study sought for possible factors that put children at risk for autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and it investigated the association between neurodevelopment disorders in children and parental risk factor in Iraqi population. This was a cross sectional, comparative study applied in The National Center for Autism/Medical City Complex from January to April 2022.In which120 child withneuro development disorders and 120 controls participated. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS 25. Independent T-test and Chi-Square test were carried out for the bivariate analysis of the data. Among the tested variables four parent-related factors were significantly (P-value < 0.05) associated with neurodevelopment disorders in children: Family history of psychiatric illness, smoking of any parent, pregnancy and labor complications, used progesterone during pregnancy. In addition to these significant parent-related risk factors, paternal age at conception time were significantly (P-value < 0.05) associated with neurodevelopment disorders of children. Based on this case control study, mothers with pregnancy & labor complications, paternal age at conception, smoking of any parent,mothers used progesterone during pregnancy and family history of psychiatric illness, had higher risk of neurodevelopment disorders.
Preparation, In-vitro, and Ex-vivo Evaluation of Ondansetron Loaded Invasomes for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Salih Omar Saeb , Al-Akkam Entidhar J.
Published: January 2024

Invasomes are newly developed types of nanovesicles. A vesicular drug delivery system is considered one of the approaches for transdermal delivery to enhance permeation and improve drug bioavailability. Ondansetron is a serotonin receptor antagonist used for treating vomiting associated with different clinical cases. The study aimed to prepare invasomal dispersions for improving permeation of ondansetron across the skin with a controlled release pattern. Twenty-seven formulas of ondansetron-loaded invasomes were prepared by a modified mechanical dispersion method. These formulas were optimized by studying the effect of variables on entrapment efficiency. Vesicle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, in-vitro release and ex-vivo permeation studies were done for the optimized formulas. The selected formula was )F25( had )88.24%±0.04 (entrapment, (317.7 nm) vesicle size, (0.29) polydispersity, and (-31.5mV) zeta potential. In-vitro release study showed That (F25) had 75% release after (12) hrs., and dissolution followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with anomalous diffusion. Ex-vivo permeation study showed steady-state flux was 340.2 µg/cm2.hr with no lag time using rat skin tissue. A transmission electron microscope was done to visualize the selected formula. Invasomes are considered promising drug delivery systems for transdermal delivery of ondansetron, ensuring efficient permeation with a sustained release pattern.