bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIDAS FRAGMENTADAS: REGISTROS DO DERRAME DO PETRÓLEO NO LITORAL DE PERNAMBUCO E AS REPERCUSSÕES NA VIDA DOS/AS PESCADORES/AS
Authors: Gonçalves José Erivaldo , Arantes Rosely Fabrícia de Melo , Nepomuceno Mariana Maciel , Negrão Rafael Batista , Santos Mariana Olívia Santana dos , Gurgel Idê Gomes Dantas
Published: May 2024

Fotografias são fragmentos de histórias e, mais do que paisagens, guardam lembranças do vivido. As próximas páginas remontam memórias de uma das maiores agressões já registradas nos territórios das comunidades da pesca artesanal em Pernambuco: o desastre-crime do derramamento de petróleo, ocorrido em 2019, em todo o litoral do Nordeste e registrado também no Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro. São imagens que recuperam a resistência e o horror diante da violência cometida pela omissão, pela negligência e pelo descaso com a natureza e com os povos das águas. Essas imagens ora denunciam o silêncio do Estado de Pernambuco e do governo Federal, ora apresentam a solidariedade e as ações coletivas como promotoras da vida no território das águas.
MULHERES AO MAR NO ENFRENTAMENTO DO DESASTRE DO PETRÓLEO NA ILHA DE BOIPEBA/BAHIA
Authors: Larrea-Killinger Cristina , Moreira Melissa , Souza Raísa Geribello de , Rhormens Marta Smith , Rocha Cacilda M. C.
Published: May 2024

A ilha de Boipeba no município de Cairu, estado da Bahia, recebeu cerca de 60 toneladas de petróleo cru, impactando gravemente recifes de coral, gramas marinhas, costões rochosos, estuários e manguezal. Os impactos socioeconômicos foram imediatos nas comunidades pesqueiras, atingindo a segurança alimentar, a saúde física, mental e toda a rede comercial dependente da biodiversidade do Oceano. Neste estudo, queremos entender como as mulheres contribuíram para o enfrentamento do desastre, e como foram impactadas. Destacamos que mulheres de condições diversas protagonizaram a mobilização para limpar as praias e evitar a contaminação ambiental. Por isso, o nosso objetivo é reconstruir esta experiência, levando em conta a participação de mulheres, tanto moradoras não nativas, como nativas, pescadoras e marisqueiras. Buscamos mostrar como as redes de apoio foram construídas, e como as comunidades pesqueiras vivenciaram este trágico desastre através de uma metodologia participativa baseada em conversas, entrevistas e seleção de fotografias.
Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy treat the large upper ureteric stones
Authors:   Urology Department, Kidney transplantation Center, Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq, Al Jabban Haidar Hazim Mohammed , Afiet Raed Hmood ,   Urology Department, Kidney transplantation Center, Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq, Khewkah Ihab Saad ,   Urology Department, AlYarmook Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Background. The incidence of kidney stones has been raised all over the world. Nephrolithiasis is the most common cause of illnesses in western countries and has been rising in its incidence in developing countries. PCNL describe the management of large renal calculi when measuring >20 mm and even for smaller ones of lower pole with excellent stone-free rate reach to 98%. Aim. To evaluate the mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) safety used to cure upper ureteral and renal stones with assessing the complication and procedure outcome in Iraqi patients. Method. This is a prospective study done between October 2022 and September 2023 in Ghazi Al-Hariri for Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical city, with 100 patients enrolled who underwent mini-PCNL. All patients had upper ureteral and renal stones (size ≥20 mm). The nephroscope tube was utilized. The stones were destroyed by pneumatic lithotripter. Complications and outcomes were determined immediately postoperative via X-ray of the ureters, kidneys and bladder. Ultra-sonography also used to determined safety and efficacy of procedure. Results. The cases mean age was 55.8 ± 12.3 years, and their BMI was 29.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2. The size of mean stone was 22.5 ± 17.9 mm. The stone-free rate (SFR) was 94.7%. The post-operative hospital stay mean was 3.6 ± 2.7 days. The Hb drop mean was 0.6 ± 0.3 g/dL. There were none of our cases had organ trauma or any complications. Thirty cases required additional subsequent extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Conclusion. The mini-PCNL is effective and safe in cases of upper ureteral and renal stones ≥20 mm. Researches with a larger multi-center cohorts may be needed to validate these techniques.
Depression Intensity Identification using Transformer Ensemble Technique for the Resource-constrained Bengali Language
Authors: Hoque Md. Nesarul , Salma Umme , Uddin Md. Jamal , Shampa Sadia Afrin
Published: May 2024

Depression is an ordinary mental health-related disorder that hampers people’s daily activities, and sometimes, it destroys an individual’s life. It is one of the major social issues at present. Since depressed people use various social networking sites for sharing their thoughts and feelings, many scholars have tried to identify depression texts in highly resourced languages like English; however, only a small quantity of papers are detected in the resource-constrained Bengali language. This paper focuses on developing a depression intensity detection system from Bengali text data. In this regard, this study experiments on a 2,596 sample-sized dataset with four levels of depression by utilizing five state-of-the-art transformer models, including multilingual Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, DistilmBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, Bangla-BERT-Base, and BanglaBERT, and suggests a new ensemble method called MaxOfAvgProb. This method goes beyond the performance of the previous work on the same dataset, scoring 63.47% F1-score and 62.90% accuracy. To increase the reliability of the proposed method, we utilize this approach on another available dataset with 4,897 entries. In this case, our recommended method also surpasses the performance of the existing work on the same dataset, with accuracy at 86.45% and F1-score at 86.35%. Identifying the intensity of depression, depressed people may get proper counseling or treatment from their respected guardians or psychologists according to the victims’ level of depression.
Role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric myocarditis
Authors: Vo Van Nguyen Loi
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Fulminant myocarditis in children is rare, but it has the potential for high morbidity and mortality. In this report, we review articles demonstrating the role of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in the fulminant myocarditis, and describe the clinical course of a healthy 11-year-old girl who rapidly deteriorated into cardiogenic shock. The patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation on day 7 and she was discharged from the ICU on day 12. VA-ECMO is considered as a life-saving therapy in patients with hemodynamic instability prior to recovery or other escalation therapy.
Rethinking Insecurity and Scoping Security Threat in Nigeria: Looking Ahead
Authors: Chigudu Daniel
Published: May 2024

Early in the 2000s, Boko Haram emerged with an Islamisation agenda concentrating mostly on Nigeria the largest African economy. There is empirical evidence suggesting that the government of Nigeria has not successfully warded off this group’s hostility. Yet there are gaps in security threats and extant literature. This study therefore examined the instability and anomic conditions resulting from this insurgency using the document analysis method and the Containment Theory employed as the theoretical framework. The analysis showed that there is no clear reason why the Nigerian military has failed to contain the Boko Haram insurgency given the army’s undoubted gallantry after excelling in several international peacekeeping assignments. It was recommended that public programs for enlightenment through community engagement and transparency would influence positively the government’s efforts to contain these terrorist activities. Given the complex nature of terrorism, there is a need for robust empirical studies that have to be done before any meaningful policy implementation can be considered. This study will amplify the international awareness of violent extremist activities in this most populated African nation. It will significantly provide the Nigerian government, human rights groups, researchers, civil society, policymakers, and public and private security agents with more knowledge to understand these terrorists better.

Keywords: Nigeria, Threat, Peace, Security, Boko Haram
A Study of Amos And Hosea: Implications for African Public Theology
Authors:   Christian Service University College, Ghana, Boaheng Isaac
Published: May 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of theological discourse, the intersection of ancient texts and contemporary issues remains a perennial focal point. It is within this dynamic space that A Study of Amos and Hosea: Implications for African Public Theology finds its resonance and purpose. Amidst the complexities of modern African society, the prophetic messages of Amos and Hosea reverberate with a timeless urgency. Rooted in the socio-political contexts of their time, these prophets courageously spoke truth to power, denouncing injustice, oppression, and moral decay. Their impassioned pleas for social justice and ethical renewal resonate with striking parallels to the contemporary African experience. The book is organized in eight chapters. The first chapter focuses on how prophecy emerged and developed in ancient Israel. The next three chapters deal with the background and theology of Amos which centers around the Yahweh’s justice and righteousness. Chapters Five to Seven bring out the message of Hosea within his religious, economic, cultural and political contexts. Finally, the study draws out lessons for African public theology in areas such as politics, economics, and environmental care.
John Baldessari and Laurence Sterne
Authors: NEW MELVYN
Published: May 2024

The death of John Baldessari in January 2020, the foremost twentieth-century American artist to illustrate Sterne’s writings, prompts a reexamination of his work and that of several other modern visual artists and their encounters with Sterne, notably Martin Rowson and Michael Winterbottom, along with comments on the most recent illustrator, Tom Phillips, for the new Folio Society edition of
Tristram Shandy.
Grubstreet Icarus: Staples Steare, Book-Trade Opportunism, and Sterne
Authors: LONG AUSTIN
Published: May 2024

The full text of the second pamphlet response to the death of Laurence Sterne is here introduced, transcribed, and annotated. The introduction features a biography of the obscure but fascinating bookseller behind the pamphlet, Staples Steare, whose career as a publisher of radical Wilkite materials briefly soared in 1768 before ending in disaster. This essay proposes some connections between Steare’s provocative political activities and his opportunistic Sterne publication, and opens up critical avenues for reading the text.
Two English Travellers in France in the 1760s: Laurence Sterne and James Ducarel
Authors: NEW MELVYN
Published: May 2024

Andrew and James Ducarel were Huguenots brought to England as children in 1721; Andrew remained his entire life, working as an ecclesiastical and maritime attorney alongside antiquarian interests. James, less successful, returned to France (probably to avoid debts) in 1761 and during the next decade corresponded with his brother, describing the France that Sterne sojourned in twice during these years. The correspondence undergirds the ‘realism’ of Tristram’s and Yorick’s experiences: e.g., on his arrival, James immediately hires ‘a very Compleat Valet de Chambre
[…]
who
[…]
Combs my wigs, shaves me. Goes 2 leagues & back again to Carry a letter’. Also, James and Sterne meet some of the same travellers abroad, encounters that help further to identify Sterne’s subscribers.
Sterne and ‘That Dreary Double Entendre’
Authors: PASCOE DAVID
Published: May 2024

This article considers Sterne’s habits of double entendre as they are conceived and denounced in WM Thackeray’s lecture on the writer, first published in
English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century
(1853). Thereafter, the argument follows a (coastal) path through Freud’s experiences in Northern English seaside resorts, memories of which emerge in some of his most famous writings on dreamwork, and anticipate his theories about double meaning in literature, which he sees exemplified by
Tristram Shandy.
The article proceeds to take in the comic art of Donald McGill, whose
double entendres,
both textual and visual, echo, if only unconsciously, several passages in Sterne’s novel. Finally, it is shown that, for all Thackeray’s vituperation towards Sterne’s dependence on
double entendre,
there was, in fact, a deeply shared sensibility between the two writers, a
double entente
which sustained Thackeray in his late work.
‘Wearing Presumption’s Garb’: Isaac Brandon’s Fragments: In the Manner of Sterne
Authors: TROTTER PHILIP
Published: May 2024

Three fragments from Isaac Brandon’s volume of Shandean imitations are here introduced, transcribed, and annotated. The introduction situates the volume in its publication and reception contexts, and further considers the book in relation to radical Whig politics of the 1790s.
Fragments: In the Manner of Sterne
was erroneously attributed to William Combe in 1935 by L.P. Curtis, though there exists plentiful documentary evidence indicating Isaac Brandon’s authorship; this evidence is here collected and analysed for the first time in order to settle the question of attribution
.
Parian Maria
Authors: WRIGHT AUBERON
Published: May 2024

Maria of Moulines, as she appears in
Tristram Shandy,
with a goat, has seldom been depicted. A curious statue of her was produced in statuary porcelain known as Parian in 1880. It is here described.
Woodmas, Woodmoss, and Laurence Sterne
Authors: WALKER ROBERT G.
Published: May 2024

Two further possible and probable identifications of subscribers to Sterne’s work are here discussed.
Sterne’s Captive and the Prison: Double Vision
Authors: POWELL LUCY
Published: May 2024

This essay contextualises Sterne’s captive from
A Sentimental Journey
in the debates about the form and function of the prison as a penal instrument, which raged in Parliament in 1778. In the same months, and the same city, the captive was returned to public attention through a Royal Academy exhibition in Piccadilly, which featured a much-commented upon painting,
Sterne’s Captive,
by Joseph Wright of Derby. This essay asks what light the contemporary prison debate can shed on Sterne’s text, and conversely, how painterly renderings of ‘The Captive’ in the 1770s, by Wright of Derby, and by John Hamilton Mortimer, can elaborate the disconcerting bifocalism of Sterne’s prison scene. These artistic stagings of the captive’s imprisoned state insist on the involvement of the viewer in the suffering on display, in distinctly Christian modalities which challenge a contemporary critical framing of this scene as a mechanics of sentimentalist avoidance. It returns to Sterne’s original a host of penological allusions which would have been evident to its earliest readers but which have become opaque, and offers close readings of three of the most innovative and influential paintings of
A Sentimental Journey,
and the relationship of compassion to inaction.
Facta Sunt Servanda:
Facts, their Fetishes, and their Recollection in
Tristram Shandy
Authors: GREGORI FLAVIO
Published: May 2024

This article considers the peculiar way in which facts and truth are understood and represented in
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman.
A Scriblerian treatment of documents and sources, such as the footnote on the Renaissance scholar Fortunio Liceti who is presented almost as a freak, makes the reader doubt the veracity of the references presented in the text. On the other hand,
Tristram Shandy
is a book that is based on a complex and multi-layered system of referential materials, as witnessed, for instance, by its use of Paul de Rapin de Thoyras and Nicolas Tindal’s
History of England,
or Ephraim Chambers’s
Cyclopaedia,
among many others. Using the French sociologist Bruno Latour’s distinction between facts, fetishes, and ‘factishes’, this essay interprets Walter Shandy’s treatment of facts as their transformation into the fetishes of his own speculative desire, and Uncle Toby’s model scale replica of the War of the Spanish Succession as his personal fetishisation of military and historical events. Tristram’s interpretation of the facts of his own life, which derive from his father’s and his uncle’s experiences, as well as those of all the other protagonists belonging to his memories, tries to consider both the factual and the fetishistic sides of the facts and events he inherits and recollects, and to understand them as ‘factishes’ that are made of data, the given aspects of one’s story that one receives, and facta, the constructed versions of those facts. Tristram thus takes upon himself the duty of considering the facts he inherits as a knot of both negative data — as, for instance, his father’s and his uncle’s incapabilities — and positive truths: the humanity his ancestors contain deep down on their more hobby-horsical sides. Therefore Tristram, as the narrator of his memoirs, conceives truth as a task, rather than an object of his search.
Adaptinking Tristram, or the Wunderkammer in the Flesh
Authors: FRIANT-KESSLER BRIGITTE
Published: May 2024

The recent trend of literary tattoos, particularly popular in the English-speaking world, represents a new way of disseminating writers’ portraits, emblematic motifs, and textual fragments, on the body and online. Laurence Sterne’s already highly visual, highly quotable work is no exception. Based on a surprising encounter, this essay takes its cue from
Tristram Shandy
as an aesthetic object and explores how human skin can read like a blank page on which to reinscribe Sternean ink and its endless mobility.
Black Page:
Tristram Shandy
after Conceptualism
Authors: DALE AMELIA
Published: May 2024

Laurence Sterne’s
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
(1759–1767) speaks to times outside its moment of creation, looking forward as well as back. It raises the broader issue of ‘experimental’ or vanguardist literature’s relationship to temporality: the way it offers both a mysterious break from its present while simultaneously being embedded in specific traditions. This essay approaches
Tristram Shandy
transhistorically, focusing on one of the most widely remarked upon instances of
Tristram Shandy
’s experimentation: the black pages mourning Yorick’s death. This essay re-reads the black page alongside a specific vanguardist trajectory: Kazmir Malevich’s
Black Square,
and conceptually oriented art and writing by Craig Dworkin, Holly Melgard, Abra Ancliffe, Mishkah Henner, Claudia Rankine, Glenn Ligon and others. These works encourage an identification of
Tristram Shandy
with conceptualism’s fluid movement between artistic and literary categories, between visually striking, ‘unreadable’ literary texts and textually oriented artworks.
Autopathography and the
Bramine’s Journal
Authors: WILLIAMS HELEN
Published: May 2024

The Continuation of the Bramine’s Journal
is addressed to Eliza Draper, comprising daily entries between 13 April to 4 August 1767. Sterne captures in the journal a regular account of his suffering from consumption, or what we would now recognise as tuberculosis, recording in painstaking detail a range of encounters with medical professionals, his treatments, and his thoughts on patient experience. The regularity of such material, usually considered as the background to the content concerning Eliza or
A Sentimental Journey,
invites us to consider the journal’s literary form in a medical light, through the lens of ‘autopathography’, or subjective illness narrative, following Stella Bolaki’s suggestion that illness narratives combine (auto)biographical prose writing about living with a disease with reflections upon patient experience. In turning to recent theorisations of illness narrative, this essay thinks through Sterne’s journal in ways which complement and enlighten its multifariousness while underlining the centrality to the text of his representation of chronic illness.
KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION TRAJECTORY OF BIM IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Chen Jieh-Haur , Weng Gordon Kuo-Chan , Cho Rico Lee-Ting , Wei Hsi-Hsien
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the construction industry worldwide has shown significant interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM). This study aims to analyze the dissemination of knowledge about BIM in construction engineering applications using Main Path Analysis (MPA). The research sample comprises 3,761 papers related to BIM’s application in the construction industry, sourced from the ISI Web of Science database. Initially, we investigate trends in paper publications, conduct country and journal analyses, and examine author statistics. Subsequently, we calculate traversal counts along the search path links to reveal the development trajectory of BIM. The trajectory of BIM’s evolution in the construction industry can be divided into four stages as identified through the global key-route main path analysis: 1) BIM standardization; 2) Integration of completed building projects using BIM; 3) BIM applications in precast construction projects; and 4) BIM applications in land management. These findings provide a clear understanding of how BIM has been applied and evolved within the construction industry.
X-Ray and Radio Monitoring of the Neutron Star Low-mass X-Ray Binary 1A 1744-361: Quasiperiodic Oscillations, Transient Ejections, and a Disk Atmosphere
Authors: Ng Mason , Hughes Andrew K. , Homan Jeroen , Miller Jon M. , Pike Sean N. , Altamirano Diego , Bult Peter , Chakrabarty Deepto , Buisson D. J. K. , Coughenour Benjamin M. , Fender Rob , Guillot Sebastien , Güver Tolga , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Jaodand Amruta D. , Malacaria Christian , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Sanna Andrea , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Tomsick John A. , van den Eijnden Jakob
Published: May 2024

We report on X-ray (NICER/NuSTAR/MAXI/Swift) and radio (MeerKAT) timing and spectroscopic analysis from a 3 month monitoring campaign in 2022 of a high-intensity outburst of the dipping neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 1A 1744−361. The 0.5–6.8 keV NICER X-ray hardness–intensity and color–color diagrams of the observations throughout the outburst suggest that 1A 1744−361 spent most of its outburst in an atoll-state, but we show that the source exhibited Z-state-like properties at the peak of the outburst, similar to a small sample of other atoll-state sources. A timing analysis with NICER data revealed several instances of an ≈8 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO; fractional rms amplitudes of ∼5%) around the peak of the outburst, the first from this source, which we connect to the normal branch QPOs seen in the Z-state. Our observations of 1A 1744−361 are fully consistent with the idea of the mass accretion rate being the main distinguishing parameter between atoll- and Z-states. Radio monitoring data by MeerKAT suggests that the source was at its radio-brightest during the outburst peak, and that the source transitioned from the “island” spectral state to the “banana” state within ∼3 days of the outburst onset, launching transient jet ejecta. The observations present the strongest evidence for radio flaring, including jet ejecta, during the island-to-banana spectral state transition at low accretion rates (atoll-state). The source also exhibited Fe xxv, Fe xxvi Kα, and Kβ X-ray absorption lines, whose origins likely lie in an accretion disk atmosphere.
Active Galactic Nuclei Selection and Demographics: A New Age with JWST/MIRI
Authors: Lyu 吕 Jianwei 建 伟 , Alberts Stacey , Rieke George H. , Shivaei Irene , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Sun Fengwu , Hainline Kevin N. , Baum Stefi , Bonaventura Nina , Bunker Andrew J. , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Florian Michael , Ji Zhiyuan , Johnson Benjamin D. , Morrison Jane , Rieke Marcia , Robertson Brant , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Tacchella Sandro , Scholtz Jan , Willmer Christopher N. A.
Published: May 2024

Understanding the coevolution of supermassive black holes and their host systems requires a comprehensive census of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) behavior across a wide range of redshift, luminosity, obscuration level, and galaxy properties. We report significant progress with JWST toward this goal from the Systematic Mid-infrared Instrument Legacy Extragalactic Survey (SMILES). Based on comprehensive spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis of 3273 MIRI-detected sources, we identify 217 AGN candidates over a survey area of ∼34 arcmin2, including a primary sample of 111 AGNs in normal massive galaxies (M
* > 109.5
M
☉) at z ∼ 0–4, an extended sample of 86 AGN candidates in low-mass galaxies (M
* < 109.5
M
☉), and a high-z sample of 20 AGN candidates at z ∼ 4–8.4. Notably, about 80% of our MIRI-selected AGN candidates are new discoveries despite the extensive pre-JWST AGN searches. Even among the massive galaxies where the previous AGN search is believed to be thorough, 34% of the MIRI AGN identifications are new, highlighting the impact of obscuration on previous selections. By combining our results with the efforts at other wavelengths, we build the most complete AGN sample to date and examine the relative performance of different selection techniques. We find the obscured AGN fraction increases from L
AGN,bol ∼ 1010
L
⊙ to 1011
L
⊙ and then drops toward higher luminosity. Additionally, the obscured AGN fraction gradually increases from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 4 with most high-z AGNs obscured. We discuss how AGN obscuration, intrinsic SED variations, galaxy contamination, survey depth, and selection techniques complicate the construction of a complete AGN sample.
Feedback and Galaxy Dynamics: A Study of Turbulence and Star Formation in 34 Galaxies Using the PHANGS Survey
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G.
Published: May 2024

The correlation between interstellar turbulent speed and local star formation rate surface density, ΣSFR, is studied using CO observations in the PHANGS survey. The local velocity dispersion of molecular gas, σ, increases with ΣSFR, but the virial parameter, α
vir, is about constant, suggesting the molecular gas remains self-gravitating. The correlation arises because σ depends on the molecular surface density, Σmol, and object cloud mass, M
mol, with the usual molecular cloud correlations, while ΣSFR increases with both of these quantities because of a nearly constant star formation efficiency for CO. Pressure fluctuations with ΔΣSFR are also examined. Azimuthal variations of molecular pressure, ΔP
mol, have a weaker correlation with ΔΣSFR than expected from the power-law correlation between the total quantities, suggesting slightly enhanced star formation rate (SFR) efficiency per molecule in spiral arms. Dynamical equilibrium pressure and SFR correlate well for the whole sample, as

P

DE

∝

Σ

SFR

1.3

, which is steeper than in other studies. The azimuthal fluctuations, ΔP
DE(ΔΣSFR), follow the total correlation P
DE(ΣSFR) closely, hinting that some of this correlation may be a precursor to star formation, rather than a reaction. Galactic dynamical processes correlate linearly such that

Σ

SFR

∝

(

Σ

gas

R
)

1.0
±
0.3

for total gas surface density Σgas and galactic dynamical rates, R, equal to κ, A, or Ω, representing epicyclic frequency, shear rate A, and orbit rate Ω. These results suggest important roles for both feedback and galactic dynamics.
The Heavy Metal Survey: The Evolution of Stellar Metallicities, Abundance Ratios, and Ages of Massive Quiescent Galaxies since z ∼ 2
Authors: Beverage Aliza G. , Kriek Mariska , Suess Katherine A. , Conroy Charlie , Price Sedona H. , Barro Guillermo , Bezanson Rachel , Franx Marijn , Lorenz Brian , Ma Yilun , Mowla Lamiya A. , Pasha Imad , van Dokkum Pieter , Weisz Daniel R.
Published: May 2024

We present the elemental abundances and ages of 19 massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 and z ∼ 2.1 from the Keck Heavy Metal Survey. The ultradeep LRIS and MOSFIRE spectra were modeled using a full-spectrum stellar population fitting code with variable abundance patterns. The galaxies have iron abundances between [Fe/H] = −0.5 and −0.1 dex, with typical values of −0.2 [−0.3] at z ∼ 1.4 [z ∼ 2.1]. We also find a tentative

log

σ

v

–[Fe/H] relation at z ∼ 1.4. The magnesium-to-iron ratios span [Mg/Fe] = 0.1–0.6 dex, with typical values of 0.3 [0.5] dex at z ∼ 1.4 [z ∼ 2.1]. The ages imply formation redshifts of z
form = 2–8. Compared to quiescent galaxies at lower redshifts, we find that [Fe/H] was ∼0.2 dex lower at z = 1.4–2.1. We find no evolution in [Mg/Fe] out to z ∼ 1.4, though the z ∼ 2.1 galaxies are 0.2 dex enhanced compared to z = 0–0.7. A comparison of these results to a chemical evolution model indicates that galaxies at higher redshift form at progressively earlier epochs and over shorter star formation timescales, with the z ∼ 2.1 galaxies forming the bulk of their stars over 150 Myr at z
form ∼ 4. This evolution cannot be solely attributed to an increased number of quiescent galaxies at later times; several Heavy Metal galaxies have extreme chemical properties not found in massive galaxies at z ∼ 0.0–0.7. Thus, the chemical properties of individual galaxies must evolve over time. Minor mergers also cannot fully account for this evolution as they cannot increase [Fe/H], particularly in galaxy centers. Consequently, the buildup of massive quiescent galaxies since z ∼ 2.1 may require further mechanisms, such as major mergers and/or central star formation.
The MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF). V. Characterizing the Mass–Metallicity Relation for Low-mass Galaxies at z ∼ 1–2
Authors: Revalski Mitchell , Rafelski Marc , Henry Alaina , Fossati Matteo , Fumagalli Michele , Dutta Rajeshwari , Pirzkal Norbert , Beckett Alexander , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Dayal Pratika , D’Odorico Valentina , Lusso Elisabeta , Nedkova Kalina V. , Prichard Laura J. , Papovich Casey , Peroux Celine
Published: May 2024

Using more than 100 galaxies in the MUSE Ultra Deep Field with spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 and the Very Large Telescope’s Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer, we extend the gas-phase mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at z ≈ 1–2 down to stellar masses of M
⋆ ≈ 107.5
M
⊙. The sample reaches 6 times lower in stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) than previous HST studies at these redshifts, and we find that galaxy metallicities decrease to log(O/H) + 12 ≈ 7.8 ± 0.1 (15% solar) at log(M
⋆/M
⊙) ≈ 7.5, without evidence of a turnover in the shape of the MZR at low masses. We validate our strong-line metallicities using the direct method for sources with [O iii] λ4363 and [O iii] λ1666 detections, and find excellent agreement between the techniques. The [O iii] λ1666-based metallicities double existing measurements with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 5 for unlensed sources at z > 1, validating the strong-line calibrations up to z ∼ 2.5. We confirm that the MZR resides ∼0.3 dex lower in metallicity than local galaxies and is consistent with the fundamental metallicity relation if the low-mass slope varies with SFR. At lower redshifts (z ∼ 0.5) our sample reaches ∼0.5 dex lower in SFR than current calibrations and we find enhanced metallicities that are consistent with extrapolating the MZR to lower SFRs. Finally, we detect only an ∼0.1 dex difference in the metallicities of galaxies in groups versus isolated environments. These results are based on robust calibrations and reach the lowest masses and SFRs that are accessible with HST, providing a critical foundation for studies with the Webb and Roman Space Telescopes.
Variability of Blue Supergiants in the LMC with TESS
Authors: Ma 马 Linhao 林昊 , Johnston Cole , Bellinger Earl Patrick , de Mink Selma E.
Published: May 2024

The blue supergiant (BSG) problem, namely, the overabundance of BSGs inconsistent with classical stellar evolution theory, remains an open question in stellar astrophysics. Several theoretical explanations have been proposed, which may be tested by their predictions for the characteristic time variability. In this work, we analyze the light curves of a sample of 20 BSGs obtained from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. We report a characteristic signal in the low-frequency (f ≲ 2 day−1) range for all our targets. The amplitude spectrum has a peak frequency of ∼0.2 day−1, and we are able to fit it by a modified Lorentzian profile. The signal itself shows strong stochasticity across different TESS sectors, suggesting its driving mechanism happens on short (≲months) timescales. Our signals resemble those obtained for a limited sample of hotter OB stars and yellow supergiants, suggesting their possible common origins. We discuss three possible physical explanations: stellar winds launched by rotation, convection motions that reach the stellar surface, and waves from the deep stellar interior. The peak frequency of the signal favors processes related to the convective zone caused by the iron opacity peak, and the shape of the spectra might be explained by the propagation of high-order, damped gravity waves excited from that zone. We discuss the uncertainties and limitations of all these scenarios.
Intrinsic Mass–Richness Relation of Clusters from THE THREE HUNDRED Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Chen Mingjing , Cui Weiguang , Fang Wenjuan , Wen Zhonglue
Published: May 2024

The main systematics in cluster cosmology is the uncertainty in the mass–observable relation. In this paper, we focus on the most direct cluster observable in optical surveys, i.e., richness, and constrain the intrinsic mass–richness (MR) relation of clusters in THE THREE HUNDRED hydrodynamic simulations with two runs: GIZMO-SIMBA and GADGET-X. We find that modeling the richness at a fixed halo mass with a skewed Gaussian distribution yields a simpler and smaller scatter compared to the commonly used lognormal distribution. Additionally, we observe that baryon models have a significant impact on the scatter while exhibiting no influence on the mass dependence and a slight effect on the amplitude in the MR relation. We select member galaxies based on both stellar mass M
⋆ and absolute magnitude

M

. We demonstrate that the MR relations obtained from these two selections can be converted to each other by using the

M

⋆

–
M

relation. Finally, we provide a seven-parameter fitting result comprehensively capturing the dependence of the MR relation on both stellar mass cutoff and redshift.
Regions of Suppressed Diffusion around Supernova Remnants?
Authors: Bao Yiwei , Blasi Pasquale , Chen Yang
Published: May 2024

The recent discovery of the so-called TeV halos has attracted much attention. The morphology of the emission requires that the region is characterized by severe suppression of the diffusion coefficient. This finding raises many questions as to its origin: (1) is the suppressed diffusion to be attributed to instabilities induced by the same radiating particles? (2) or does it actually show that the diffusion coefficient is small throughout the disk of the Galaxy? In both cases, one would expect that the surroundings of supernova remnants (SNRs) should also show evidence of a reduced diffusion coefficient since most remnants are located in the disk and are expected to be sites of effective particle acceleration. Should we expect the existence of regions of extended γ-ray emission from these regions as well? Here, we investigate the transport of cosmic rays (CRs) that have escaped from SNRs in order to assess the viability of the idea of having a cocoon of suppressed diffusion around them. A comparison of our results with the γ-ray emission from the regions around HB9 and W28 does not provide solid evidence of reduced diffusivity. However, if indeed the phenomenon of reduced diffusivity occurs around SNRs surrounded by molecular clouds, our calculations show that the effects on the grammage of Galactic CRs can be significant.
Influence of the Gravitational Darkening Effect on the Spectrum of a Hot, Rapidly Rotating Neutron Star. II. Iron Lines
Authors: Majczyna Agnieszka , Madej Jerzy , Różańska Agata , Należyty Mirosław
Published: May 2024

Rapidly rotating neutron stars are similar to highly flattened ellipsoids. Observed spectra of flattened stars must exhibit effects of nonspherical shape and gravitational darkening. We examined in detail the influence of both effects on the observed central energies and profiles of lines of highly ionized iron, Fe xxv and Fe xxvi. We note that the gravitational darkening effect does not change the central energy of lines. Most importantly, spectra of neutron stars that rotate with different frequencies and are seen at various inclination angles differ significantly. The appearance and the depth of lines strongly depend on the parameters, like the inclination angle of the star or the frequency of the star rotation. In this paper we clearly show that the gravitational darkening effect should be included in realistic models of the atmospheres of the neutron stars.
The Interaction between Stars and Past AGN Disk: Possible Explanation for the Kinematic Distributions of S-stars in the Galactic Center
Authors: Fan Xiao , Wu Qingwen , Wu Jiancheng , Lei Xiangli , Wang Mengye , Li Fulin
Published: May 2024

The presence of young stars, aged around several million years and situated within the range of ∼0.04–1 pc from our Galactic center raises a question about their origins and dynamical evolutions. Their kinematics provide an opportunity to explore their formation or possible subsequent dynamical evolution. If Sagittarius A* was active in the past as suggested by several observations, the accretion disk may have a significant impact on the dynamics of stars in the Galactic center. The drag force exerted on stars during star–disk interaction could lead some of them to sink into the accretion disk, and these embedded stars will rapidly migrate inward and eventually be disrupted within ∼105 yr. This could roughly explain the absence of stars within 2.5 × 104
R
g (∼1000 au). Additionally, Kozai–Lidov oscillations, induced by the gravitational perturbation of the disk, could contribute to the bimodal distribution of S-star inclinations and drive a majority of stars into high-eccentricity orbits.
The Study of Mode-switching Behavior of PSR J0614+2229 Using the Parkes Ultra–wide-bandwidth Receiver Observations
Authors: Cai Yanqing , Dang Shijun , Yuen Rai , Shang Lunhua , Kou Feifei , Yuan Jianping , Zhang Lei , Zhou Zurong , Wang Na , Li Qingying , Wen Zhigang , Yan Wenming , Wang Shuangqiang , Sun Shengnan , Tedila Habtamu Menberu , Xiao Shuo , Xu Xin , Zhao Rushuang , Zhi Qijun , Dong Aijun , Zhang Bing , Li Wei , Ren Yingying , Liu Yujia
Published: May 2024

In this paper we present a detailed single-pulse and polarization study of PSR J0614+2229 based on the archived data observed on 2019 August 15 (MJD 58710) and 2019 September 12 (MJD 58738) using the ultra−wide-bandwidth low-frequency receiver on the Parkes radio telescope. The single-pulse sequences show that this pulsar switches between two emission states, in which the emission of state A occurs earlier than that of state B in pulse longitude. We found that the variation in relative brightness between the two states varies temporally and both states follow a simple power law very well. Based on the phase-aligned multifrequency profiles, we found that there is a significant difference in the distributions of spectral index across the emission regions of the two states. Furthermore, we obtained the emission height evolution for the two emission states and found that, at a fixed frequency, the emission height of state A is higher than that of state B. What is even more interesting is that the emission heights of both states A and B do not change with frequency. Our results suggest that the mode switching of this pulsar is possibly caused by changes in the emission heights that alter the distributions of spectral index across the emission regions of states A and B, resulting in frequency-dependent behaviors, i.e., intensity and pulse width.
21 cm Intensity Mapping with the DSA-2000
Authors: Byrne Ruby , Mahesh Nivedita , Hallinan Gregg W. , Connor Liam , Ravi Vikram , Lazio T. Joseph W.
Published: May 2024

Line-intensity mapping is a promising probe of the Universe’s large-scale structure. We explore the sensitivity of the DSA-2000, a forthcoming array consisting of over 2000 dishes, to the statistical power spectrum of neutral hydrogen’s 21 cm emission line. These measurements would reveal the distribution of neutral hydrogen throughout the near-redshift Universe without necessitating resolving individual sources. The success of these measurements relies on the instrument’s sensitivity and resilience to systematics. We show that the DSA-2000 will have the sensitivity needed to detect the 21 cm power spectrum at z ≈ 0.5 and across power spectrum modes of 0.03–35.12 h Mpc−1 with 0.1 h Mpc−1 resolution. We find that supplementing the nominal array design with a dense core of 200 antennas will expand its sensitivity at low power spectrum modes and enable measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. Finally, we present a qualitative discussion of the DSA-2000's unique resilience to sources of systematic error that can preclude 21 cm intensity mapping.
Side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among Iranian healthcare workers: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Roudgari Hassan , Etemad Koorosh , Karami Manoochehr , Mostafavi Farideh , Sotoodeh Ghorbani Sahar , Farhadi Babadi Kosar , Rahimi Elham , Taherpour Niloufar , Fattahi Masoom Seyed Mahmood , Habibi Masoud , Kermanpour Hossein , Laripour Reza , Manoochehri Omid , Raeeszadeh Mohammad , Salimi Alireza , Shekarchi Babak , Tajernia Ali , Zafarghandi Mohammad Reza , Zali Alireza , Zarghi Afshin , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This study assessed the incidence and severity of side effects associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among healthcare workers registered with the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the healthcare workers focusing on the side-effects of COVID-19 vaccines from March to June 2021. Data were collected using online questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between side effects of the vaccines and demographic variables, comorbidities, vaccine type, and history of COVID-19.
Results: Out of 42,018 people who were included, 55.85% reported at least one side effect after receiving the first vaccine dose. 4.59% of those with side effects sought diagnostic intervention or were referred to treatment centers. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that being a woman, higher education, having a history of COVID-19 infection, and having comorbidities increased the risk of side effects. The AstraZeneca vaccine significantly increased the risk of side effects compared to the Sputnik vaccine, while the Sinopharm vaccine decreased this risk. The risk of developing a side effect decreased with age. The risk of moderate and severe side effects was significantly associated with gender, younger age, comorbidities, and a history of COVID-19 infection. Moderate and severe side effects were less reported by those who received the Sinopharm vaccine.
Conclusions: Clinical complications after COVID-19 vaccination, directly or indirectly caused by the vaccines, are common. However, the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines greatly outweigh the risk of reversible side effects, especially among the high-risk population.
Serum β-klotho is a potential biomarker for the progression of hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases
Authors: Miao Xin , Peng ChuYan , Yan Fang , Guo XiQing , Xia LiNa , Song Qiang , An Xuan , Wu GuiCheng
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global epidemic that can lead to several liver diseases, seriously affecting people's health. This study aimed to investigate the clinical potential of serum β-klotho (KLB) as a promising biomarker in HBV-related liver diseases.
Methodology: This study enrolled 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 35 with HBV-related cirrhosis, 66 with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 48 healthy individuals. ELISA measured the levels of serum KLB in the four groups. We then compared the differences in serum KLB levels among the groups and analyzed the relationship between serum KLB and routine clinical parameters.
Results: The concentrations of serum KLB levels were increased sequentially among the healthy subjects, the HBV-related CHB group, the HBV-related cirrhosis group, and the HBV-related HCC group (p < 0.05). Expression of KLB was positively correlated with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid, serum markers for liver fibrosis, ascites, cirrhosis, splenomegaly, and model for end-stage liver disease sodium, while negatively correlated with platelet count, albumin, and prothrombin activity (p < 0.05). In addition, serum KLB has better sensitivity in diagnosing HCC than AFP, and serum KLB combined with AFP has higher sensitivity and specificity than AFP alone in diagnosing HCC.
Conclusions: Serum KLB level is associated with the severity of HBV-related liver diseases and has important diagnostic value for HCC. Therefore, it could be a predictive biomarker for monitoring disease progression.
Successful diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum infection by mNGS in a patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a case report
Authors: Liu Xinhua , Liu Zengxin , Chen Zhimin , Liu Bo , Feng Lizhi , Li Linghua , Hong Dengwei , Wang Ru , He Haolan
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Mycobacterium marinum infection rarely occurs and has atypical symptoms. It is challenging to distinguish disseminated M. marinum infection from multifocal dermatosis caused by other factors clinically.
Case Presentation: Herein, we reported a 68-year-old male patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who presented redness and swelling in his left hand after being stabbed by marine fish for over 2 months. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was considered according to biochemical and pathological examinations, while empirical anti-infection treatment was ineffective.
Result: The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detected a large amount of M. marinum sequences, and the patient was finally diagnosed with M. marinum infection. After one month of combination therapy with ethambutol, rifabutin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid, the swelling disappeared significantly. In this case, the successful application of mNGS in diagnosing and treating M. marinum infection has improved the understanding of the microbe both in the laboratory and clinically, especially in patients with HIV.
Conclusions: For diseases with atypical symptoms or difficulty in determining the pathogens, mNGS is suggested in clinical procedures for rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment.