bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novolac-based poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s with good ionic conductivity and enhanced CO2 permeation
Authors: Ye Lvyuan , Wan Liqiang , Tang Junkun , Li Yujing , Huang Farong
Published: February 2018

Novolac-based poly(1,2,3-triazoliums)s with 1,2,3-triazolium in the side groups spaced by oligo(ethylene glycol) show enhanced CO2 permeability.
A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of pairs of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins and their major metabolites in mice plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Liu Zongyang , Guo Weiwei , Luo Kui , Yang Jie , Gao Wei , Wu Xia , Chen Xiaoqing
Published: February 2018

Pharmacokinetic study of pairs of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins and their major metabolites in control & NAFLD mice.
Gaussian curvature directs the distribution of spontaneous curvature on bilayer membrane necks
Authors: Chabanon Morgan , Rangamani Padmini
Published: February 2018

The energy to maintain a catenoid-shaped membrane neck with spontaneous curvature shows a barrier dependent on the neck asymmetry.
First-principles studies of spontaneous polarization in mixed poly(vinylidene fluoride)/2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene polymer crystals
Authors: Ghosh Ayana , Louis Lydie , Asandei Alexandru D. , Nakhmanson Serge
Published: February 2018

Computational predictions suggest that mixed β poly(vinylidene fluoride) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (PVDF/TFP) systems should exhibit the same or higher polarization than that of perfectly crystalline β-PVDF.
Improved heat transfer for pyroelectric energy harvesting applications using a thermal conductive network of aluminum nitride in PMN–PMS–PZT ceramics
Authors: Wang Qingping , Bowen Chris R. , Lei Wen , Zhang Haibo , Xie Bing , Qiu Shiyong , Li Ming-Yu , Jiang Shenglin
Published: February 2018

The harvesting of waste heat is attracting increasing attention, due to its abundance and potential benefits to the environment.
Rational design and preparation of hierarchical monoliths through 3D printing for syngas methanation
Authors: Li Yunhua , Chen Sijing , Cai Xiaohu , Hong Jinqing , Wu Xuee , Xu Yuanze , Zou Jijun , Chen Bing Hui
Published: February 2018

Hierarchical monolith with controllable precise micro-channels from 3D printing shows high heat/mass transfer properties companied by excellent catalytic performance.
Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with Herschel
Authors: Donevski D. , Buat V. , Boone F. , Pappalardo C. , Bethermin M. , Schreiber C. , Mazyed F. , Alvarez-Marquez J. , Duivenvoorden S.
Published: February 2018

Context. Over the last decade a large number of dusty star-forming galaxies has been discovered up to redshift z = 2 − 3 and recent studies have attempted to push the highly confused Herschel SPIRE surveys beyond that distance. To search for z ≥ 4 galaxies they often consider the sources with fluxes rising from 250 μm to 500 μm (so-called “500 μm-risers”). Herschel surveys offer a unique opportunity to efficiently select a large number of these rare objects, and thus gain insight into the prodigious star-forming activity that takes place in the very distant Universe.

Aims. We aim to implement a novel method to obtain a statistical sample of 500 μm-risers and fully evaluate our selection inspecting different models of galaxy evolution.

Methods. We consider one of the largest and deepest Herschel surveys, the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. We develop a novel selection algorithm which links the source extraction and spectral energy distribution fitting. To fully quantify selection biases we make end-to-end simulations including clustering and lensing.

Results. We select 133 500 μm-risers over 55 deg2, imposing the criteria: S500 > S350 > S250, S250 > 13.2 mJy and S500 > 30 mJy. Differential number counts are in fairly good agreement with models, displaying a better match than other existing samples. The estimated fraction of strongly lensed sources is 24+6-5% based on models.

Conclusions. We present the faintest sample of 500 μm-risers down to S250 = 13.2 mJy. We show that noise and strong lensing have an important impact on measured counts and redshift distribution of selected sources. We estimate the flux-corrected star formation rate density at 4 < z < 5 with the 500 μm-risers and find it to be close to the total value measured in far-infrared. This indicates that colour selection is not a limiting effect to search for the most massive, dusty z > 4 sources.
Inversions of synthetic umbral flashes: Effects of scanning time on the inferred atmospheres
Authors: Felipe T. , Socas-Navarro H. , Przybylski D.
Published: February 2018

Context. The use of instruments that record narrowband images at selected wavelengths is a common approach in solar observations. They allow scanning of a spectral line by sampling the Stokes profiles with two-dimensional images at each line position, but require a compromise between spectral resolution and temporal cadence. The interpretation and inversion of spectropolarimetric data generally neglect changes in the solar atmosphere during the scanning of line profiles.

Aims. We evaluate the impact of the time-dependent acquisition of various wavelengths on the inversion of spectropolarimetric profiles from chromospheric lines during umbral flashes.

Methods. Numerical simulations of nonlinear wave propagation in a sunspot model were performed with the code MANCHA. Synthetic Stokes parameters in the Ca II 8542 Å line in NLTE were computed for an umbral flash event using the code NICOLE. Artificial profiles with the same wavelength coverage and temporal cadence from reported observations were constructed and inverted. The inferred atmospheric stratifications were compared with the original simulated models.

Results. The inferred atmospheres provide a reasonable characterization of the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere during most of the phases of the umbral flash. The Stokes profiles present apparent wavelength shifts and other spurious deformations at the early stages of the flash, when the shock wave reaches the formation height of the Ca II 8542 Å line. These features are misinterpreted by the inversion code, which can return unrealistic atmospheric models from a good fit of the Stokes profiles. The misguided results include flashed atmospheres with strong downflows, even though the simulation exhibits upflows during the umbral flash, and large variations in the magnetic field strength.

Conclusions. Our analyses validate the inversion of Stokes profiles acquired by sequentially scanning certain selected wavelengths of a line profile, even in the case of rapidly changing chromospheric events such as umbral flashes. However, the inversion results are unreliable during a short period at the development phase of the flash.
Orbital parameters and evolutionary status of the highly peculiar binary system HD 66051
Authors: Paunzen E. , Fedurco M. , Hełminiak K. G. , Pintado O. I. , Hambsch F.-J. , Hümmerich S. , Niemczura E. , Bernhard K. , Konacki M. , Hubrig S. , Fraga L.
Published: February 2018

Context. The spectroscopic binary system HD 66051 (V414 Pup) consists of a highly peculiar CP3 (HgMn) star and an A-type component. It also shows out-of-eclipse variability that is due to chemical spots. This combination allows the derivation of tight constraints for the testing of time-dependent diffusion models.

Aims. We aim at deriving astrophysical parameters, information on age, and an orbital solution of the system.

Methods. We analysed radial velocity and photometric data using two different methods to determine astrophysical parameters and the orbit of the system. Appropriate isochrones were used to derive the age of the system.

Results. The orbital solution and the estimates from the isochrones are in excellent agreement with the estimates from a prior spectroscopic study. The system is very close to the zero-age main sequence and younger than 120 Myr.

Conclusions. HD 66051 is a most important spectroscopic binary system that can be used to test the predictions of the diffusion theory explaining the peculiar surface abundances of CP3 stars.
Macroscopic limit of the Becker–Döring equation via gradient flows
Authors: Schlichting André
Published: February 2018

This work considers gradient structures for the Becker–Döring equation and its macroscopic limits. The result of Niethammer [J. Nonlinear Sci. 13 (2003) 115–122] is extended to prove the convergence not only for solutions of the Becker–Döring equation towards the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner equation of coarsening, but also the convergence of the associated gradient structures. We establish the gradient structure of the nonlocal coarsening equation rigorously and show continuous dependence on the initial data within this framework. Further, on the considered time scale the small cluster distribution of the Becker–Döring equation follows a quasistationary distribution dictated by the monomer concentration.
Devulcanization of Waste Tire Rubber Using Amine Based Solvents and Ultrasonic Energy
Authors: Walvekar Rashmi , Afiq Zulkefly Mohammad. , Ramarad Suganti , Khalid Siddiqui
Published: February 2018

This research project focuses on an alternative pathway of devulcanizing waste tire rubber by using amine based chemicals. Waste tire rubbers are known to be as toxic, non-degradable material due to their vulcanized crosslink carbon structure, and disposing of such waste could impose hazardous impacts on the environment. The current rubber recycling methods that are practiced today are rather uneconomical, non-environmentally friendly, and also producing recycled rubber with low quality due to the alteration in the main polymeric chains of waste rubber. This project aims to answer the question of whether the usage of amine can produce high quality rubber, where the properties of recycled rubber is almost the same as new/virgin rubber. With known potential of amine, it is a challenge for the chemical to selectively cleave the sulfur bonds without affecting the main carbon backbone chain in the rubber structure and diminishing much of the rubber properties. To study this research, amine-treated rubber must undergo devulcanisation process by applying heat and sonication energy. Then, the properties of the amine-treated rubber were determined through a set of characterization tests and analysis which are: gel content test to determine the weight of rubber before and after devulcanization, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal degradation and stability of rubber, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine any structural change of the rubber. In this research so far, the first two preliminary analysis tests have been performed. The gel content test has shown that tertiary amine samples possessed a lower gel content (%) of (77 – 63 %), compared to primary amine samples (falls within the range of 80%), as well as the TGA test in which tertiary amine samples degrade faster than primary amine samples (suggesting a higher degree of rubber structure breakdown). For each type of amine, the concertation of amine did not play a major role in affecting the degree of devulcanization (as the concentration increased, the degree of devulcanization decreased for some samples). FTIR analysis showed that only sulphur-sulphur bonds were cleaved during the devulcanization process, leaving the carbon-sulphur bonds unaffected.
Coagulant Dipping Time and Temperature Optimisation for Latex Glove Uneven Coating Investigation
Authors: Than Loong , Phang Siew Wei , Ho Kin Nam
Published: February 2018

Powdered glove is produced by natural latex with the aid of coagulant. The composition of the coagulant contains wetting agent, calcium nitrate as coagulant and anti-tack agent. Generally wetting agent causes foam and results in uneven wall thickness in glove production. Hence, the objective of this research was to select a suitable wetting agent sample that could be used by the production, as well as optimising the parameter such as temperature of coagulant, weight percentage of wetting agent and coagulant dipping time to reduce the rejection of uneven thickness. This paper presented the preliminary testing including foam height test, cloud point test, wetting agent characterisation and the samples mechanical analysis. Two setting agents (sample T and sample E) were chosen due to its availability in the production line. Throughout the wetting agent characterisation, sample T was preferred compared to sample E due to similar bonding of the wetting agent. The surface tension of coagulant and tensile strength of glove samples meet the glove industry standard at the variation of wetting agent amount. The optimise parameter were at 0.0175 wt% of wetting agent and 5 seconds dipping time at 63 °C. The average thickness of the gloves at this parameter was at 0.09 ± 0.004 mm which is at the acceptable level comparing to 0.1mm thickness of ASTM standard.
Suppression of Ground Borne Vibration Induced by High-Speed Lines
Authors: Mohamed Rathiu Ali , Hosseini Fouladi Mohammad , Narayana Namasivayam Satesh , Mamtaz Hasina
Published: February 2018

Vibration of high-speed lines leads to annoyance of public and lowering real estate values near the railway lines. This hinders the development of railway infrastructures in urbanised areas. This paper investigates the vibration response of an isolated rail embankment system and modifies the component to better attenuate ground vibration. Mainly velocity response is used to compare the responses and the applied force is of 20 kN at excitation frequencies of 5.6 Hz and 8.3 Hz. Focus was made on ground-borne vibration and between the frequency range of 0 and 250 Hz. 3D Numerical model was made using SolidWork software and frequency response was produced using Harmonic Analysis module from ANSYS Workbench software. For analytical modelling MATLAB was used along with Simulink to verify the mathematical model. This paper also compares the vibration velocity decibels (VdB) of analytical two-degree of freedom model mathematical model with literature data. Harmonic excitation is used on the track to simulate the moving load of train. The results showed that modified analytical model gives the velocity response of 75 VdB at the maximum peak. Changes brought to the mass and spacing of the sleeper and to the thickness and the corresponding stiffness for the ballast does not result in significant vibration response. Limitations of two-degree analytical model is suspected to be the cause of this inactivity. But resonance vibration can be reduced with the aid of damping coefficient of rail pad. Statistical analysis methods t-test and ANOVA single factor test was used verify the values with 95% confidence.
Preparation and Characterization of Durian Husk Fiber Filled Polylactic Acid Biocomposites
Authors: Lee Man Chee , Koay Seong Chun , Chan Ming Yeng , Pang Ming Meng , Chou Pui May , Tsai Kim Yeow
Published: February 2018

Polylactic acid (PLA) is biodegradable thermoplastic that made from renewable raw material, but its high cost limited the application. Thus, addition of natural fiber can be effectively reduced the cost of PLA. This research is utilised natural fiber extracted from durian husk to made PLA biocomposites. This paper is focus on the effect of fiber content on tensile and thermal properties of PLA/durian husk fiber (DHF) biocomposites. The results found that the tensile strength and modulus of this biocomposites increased with increase of fiber content, but the strength still lower compared to neat PLA. Then, the elongation at break of biocomposites was expected decreased at higher fiber content. The PLA/DHF biocomposites with 60 phr fiber content exhibited tensile strength of 11 MPa, but it is too brittle yet for any application. The addition of DHF caused an early thermal degradation on PLA biocomposites. Then, the thermal stability of PLA biocomposites was decreased with more fiber content.
Analysis of a Hybrid Mechanical Regenerative Braking System
Authors: Toh Xiang Wen Matthew , Tong Kum Tien Douglas
Published: February 2018

Regenerative braking systems for conventional vehicles are gaining attention as fossil fuels continue to be depleted. The major forms of regenerative braking systems include electrical and mechanical systems, with the former being more widely adopted at present. However mechanical systems are still feasible, including the possible hybrid systems of two mechanical energy recovery systems. A literature study was made to compare the various mechanical energy recovery systems. These systems were compared based on their advantages and disadvantages with regards to energy storage, usage, and maintenance. Based on the comparison, the most promising concept appeared to be one that combined the flywheel and the pneumatic energy recovery systems. A CAD model of this hybrid system was produced to better visualise the design. This was followed by analytical modelling of the energy recovery systems. The analysis indicated that the angular velocity had an extremely significant impact on the power loss and energy efficiency. The results showed that the hybrid system can provide better efficiency but only when operating within certain parameters. Future work is required to further improve the efficiency of this hybrid system.
Design and Analysis of Collapsible Scissor Bridge
Authors: Biro Mohamad Nabil Aklif , Abu Bakar Noor Zafirah
Published: February 2018

Collapsible scissor bridge is a portable bridge that can be deployed during emergency state to access remote areas that are affected by disaster such as flood. The objective of this research is to design a collapsible scissor bridge which is able to be transported by a 4x4 vehicle and to be deployed to connect remote areas. The design is done by using Solidworks and numerical analysis for structural strength is conducted via ANSYS. The research starts with parameters setting and modelling. Finite element analysis is conducted to analyze the strength by determining the safety factor of the bridge. Kutzbach equation is also analyzed to ensure that the mechanism is able to meet the targeted degree of motion. There are five major components of the scissor structure; pin, deck, cross shaft and deck shaft. The structure is controlled by hydraulic pump driven by a motor for the motions. Material used in simulation is A36 structural steel due to limited library in ANSYS. However, the proposed material is Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites as they have a high strength to weight ratio. FRP also tends to be corrosion resistance and this characteristic is useful in flooded area.
Fabrication of Non-Implant 3D Printed Skin
Authors: Chuan Yong Leng , Pandya Shivani Amish Kumar
Published: February 2018

Many bandages tend to be harmful when being removed from the human skin. This is a crucial issue, especially faced by burn victims. When bandages are removed from the burn wound, they tend to be harmful by peeling off the newly formed layer of skin over the burn wound. Such nature causes the patient to endure a longer recovery time with additional pain. The objective of this project is to 3D print artificial skin for the victims of burn wounds by using natural gelation. The main aim for creating the artificial skin will be used in place of the current burn wound treatment techniques of dressing the wounds in bandages. The inner layer of this skin was lined with a natural adhesive, a thin layer of agar-agar, which has been reinforced with crushed eggshells to increase its adhesive strength and durability. The synthesized gel contained non adhesive behavior, yet aids in wound healing abilities. Applying hydrocolloids ensures that the wound is kept cool and the gel also ensures efficient heat transfer. This was done so that less sweating occurs on the patient. Based on the experiments that were conducted, the results conclude that the best ratio of artificial skin layer would be 2:1 of agar gel: crushed eggshells. This golden ratio of gel: crushed eggshells for the longest period of time for attachment on the skin without sweating, is achieved. The skin will be printed using Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS). The colour of the skin and the shape of the skin was individually designed for each specific patient. The inner gel has the capabilities of reducing the rehabilitation time, without compromising the comfort of the patient. This approach has the potential to be used as a new method to treat burn wounds..
Preparation and Characterization of Wood Plastic Composite Made Up of Durian Husk Fiber and Recycled Polystyrene Foam.
Authors: Koay Seong Chun , Subramanian Varnesh , Chan Ming Yeng , Pang Ming Meng , Tsai Kim Yeow , Cheah Kean How
Published: February 2018

Polystyrene foam is one of the major plastic waste that hardly to recycle. The present research is aims to recycle polystyrene foam as raw material to produce wood plastic composites (WPC). The WPC was produced from recycled polystyrene (rPS) and durian husk fiber (DHF) using melt compound and compression moulding processes. This paper is focus on effect of fiber content on tensile and thermal properties of rPS/DHF composite. The results found the tensile strength modulus of this WPC increased at higher fiber content, but elongation at break was reduced. However, this composites exhibited an early thermal degradation when subjected to high temperature and this was commonly found among WPC. The thermal degradation of rPS/DHF composites yielded high percentage of char residue due to char formation of DHF. Overall, the rPS/DHF composites with 60 phr fiber content able to achieved strength slight above 16 MPa without any chemical treatment additives. This indicates the rPS/DHF composites can be a potential WPC if further modify with to improve its strength.
Force Characteristics Analysis for Linear Machine with DC Field Excitations
Authors: A/L Krishna Preshant , CV Aravind , Saadha Aminath , Azhar F.
Published: February 2018

In urban regions and particularly in developing countries such as Malaysia with its ever-growing transport sector, there is the need for energy efficient systems. In urban railway systems there is a requirement of frequent braking and start/stop motion, and energy is lost during these processes. To improve the issues of the conventional braking systems, particularly in Japan, they have introduced linear induction motor techniques. The drawbacks of this method, however, is the use of permanent magnets, which not only increase the weight of the entire system but also increases magnetic cogging. Hence an alternative is required which uses the same principles as Magnetic-Levitation but using a magnet-less system. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose an electromagnetic rail brake system and to analyze the effect of replacing permanent magnets with a magnet-less braking systems to produce a significant amount of brake thrust as compared with the permanent magnet system. The modeling and performance analysis of the model is done using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The mechanical aspects of the model are designed on Solidworks and then imported to JMAG Software to proceed with the electro-magnetic analysis of the model. There are 3 models developed: Base Model (steel), Permanent Magnet (PM) Model and DC Coil Model. The performance of the proposed 2D models developed is evaluated in terms of average force produced and motor constant square density. By comparing the values for the 3 models for the same case of 9A current supplied for a 0.1mm/s moving velocity, the base model, permanent magnet model and DC coil model produced an average force of 7.78 N, 7.55 N, and 8.34 N respectively, however, with increase in DC current supplied to the DC coil model, the average force produced is increased to 13.32 N. Thus, the advantage of the DC coil (magnet-less) model, is, that the force produced can be controlled by varying the number of turns in the coil (N) or the current supply to the coil (I) given by the which is the simple principles of a solenoid: Force(mmf)=NI.
Thermal Energy Recovery through Optimal Salt concentration in a Parabolic Trough Systems
Authors: Ramsurn Rikesh , Aravind CV
Published: February 2018

Making a PVT system hybrid is to support the use of thermal and electrical energy simultaneously or independently, to control the thermal effect to improve electrical efficiency or vice-versa. This project makes use of the Parabolic Trough design with emphasis on making the system to be sustainable and also increasing the thermal efficiency of the system. Polystyrene and acrylic foam is utilized to maximize the heat retention capability of the system. To power, the pump that moves the heat transfer fluid (tested with salt water proportions) within the copper tube, a set of solar PV panel is to support its power demand making it sustainable. The closed loop setup designed achieved an improved thermal efficiency level of 66.2%, which contributes to having a reliable heat energy source for applications such as hot showers. The novel setup design also makes use of PV cells to support other energy demands through power electronic control designs. Using a similar heat dissipation technique, a novel setup has been designed to improve the voltage supply by making use of liquid cooling and translucent glass PV panels. Cooling the PV panel restored up to 11.7% of its rated voltage supply. This is achieved by keeping the PV panels within its best thermal operating conditions using an energy efficient electronically controlled cooling system.
A finite element method of modelling and designing of an ACCC conductor
Authors: Youcan Yan , Yugang Duan
Published: February 2018

The ultimate breaking strength of conductors always plays a vital role in the long-term safe operation of transmission lines and it should be carefully considered in the designing of a conductor. While limited literature has been released regarding the strength calculation of ACCC (Aluminum Conductor Composite Core) conductors. In this study, a finite element method based on real conductor samples is proposed to evaluate the strength of the ACCC conductor, and investigate on how diameters (or sectional areas) of the composite core and aluminum strands influence the conductors’ breaking strength, thereby helping engineers design a proper diameter of an ACCC conductor. The finite element analysis shows that increasing the sectional area of the composite core leads to a larger breaking strength than increasing an equal sectional areas of aluminum strands, which is in line with the tensile experimental results. In specific, the relative errors between the simulated breaking strength and the experimental results are as low as less than 3%. Therefore, the finite element method presented in this work, to some extent, fills in the blank of strength calculation for ACCC conductors, and in practical terms, it could serves as guidelines for conductor-design engineers.
Effect of Hybridization on the Mechanical Properties of Chopped Strand Mat/Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Yeshwant Nayak Suhas , Heckadka Srinivas Shenoy , Amin Nishank Minil , Sadanand Ramakrishna Vikas , Thomas Linto George
Published: February 2018

Hybridization of synthetic and natural fibres as reinforcement makes the polymer composites environmental friendly and sustainable when compared to synthetic fibres based polymer composites. In this study chopped strand mat/pineapple leaf fibres were hybridized. Four laminates with six layers each, with different stack sequence (GGGGGG, GPPPPG, PGGGGP and PPPPPP) were fabricated using hand layup technique while maintaining a fibre to matrix ratio of 30:70 by weight with polyester resin as matrix. Mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength were determined and morphology of fractured specimens was studied. Maximum tensile strength of 180 MPa was obtained for the laminate with six layers of chopped strand mat followed by hybrid laminate with four layers of chopped strand mat at the centre (120 MPa). Tensile strength of hybrid laminate with four layers of pineapple leaf fibres at the centre was in third position at 86 MPa. Least tensile strength of 65 MPa was obtained for the laminate with six layers of pineapple leaf fibres. Similar trend was observed in case of flexural behaviour of the laminates with maximum flexural strength of 255 MPa and minimum flexural strength 107 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured specimen reinforced with chopped strand mat only, indicated, fibre pull out, matrix cracking and lack of matrix adhesion to fibres. In case of hybrid composite (GPPPPG and PGGGGP) delamination was observed to be prominent due to improper wetting of the pineapple leaf fibres with the matrix. More significant delamination led to lesser strength in case of pineapple fibres reinforced composites even though the fibre pull out was relatively less.
Nonlinear dynamics modelling of multistage micro-planetary gear transmission
Authors: Li Jianying , Xu Zhiyong , Hu Qingchun , Zong Changfu , Zhu Tianjun
Published: February 2018

The transmission structure of a 2K-H multistage micro-planetary gear transmission reducer is described in detail, and three assumptions are supposed in dynamic modelling. On basis of these assumptions, a three stages 2K-H micro-planetary gear transmission dynamic model is established, in which the relative displacement each meshing gear pairs can be obtained after including the comprehensive transmission error. According to gear kinematics, the friction arms between the sun gear, the ring gear and the nth planet are also obtained, and the friction coefficient in the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication is considered, the transmission system motion differential equations are obtained, including above factors and the time-varying meshing stiffness, damping and backlash, inter-stage coupling stiffness, it can be provided an theoretical foundation for further analysing the parameter sensitivity, dynamic stability and designing.
Research on control system of truck-mounted rig for coalbed methane
Authors: Wang Hejian , Fan Dong , Weng Yinsheng
Published: February 2018

The coal-bed methane (CBM) as a kind energy is clean and efficient, also it can become a security risk in mining process if it could not get out of the coal seam. In view of the current large-scale exploitation of coal-bed methane resources, the development of drilling rig for CBM drilling is needed. The parameters and structures were introduced in the paper. The rig uses a highly integrated approach that integrates the required functions on the chassis of the vehicle to meet the needs of rapid installation and transportation. Drilling control system uses hydraulic control and electro-hydraulic control dual control mode, can achieve short-range and remote control operations. The control system include security circuits and electric control system. Through the field trial, it is shown that the rig can meet the construction of the majority of coalbed methane drilling in the country and the performance is stable and the operation is simple.
Development Identification Method of Inertia Properties for Heavy Truck Engine Based on MIMS Test Rig
Authors: Zhu Tianjun , Zhang Fudong , Li Jianying , Li Fei , Zong Changfu
Published: February 2018

A new development for the accurate measurement of the inertia parameters for heavy truck engine is presented. It is specifically intended for measuring the inertia properties of vehicle bodies, and it has the potential to be applied to the measurement of the properties of vehicle bodies, such as the vehicle powertrain, engine, and gearbox. This paper, based on CATARC MIMS test rig, develops an accurate measuring method to identify inertia parameters of heavy truck engine. Firstly corresponding tests are carried out and the lever principle and moments of inertia parallel theorem are employed to calculate and analyze the test results, which leads to the accurate value of inertia parameters. Secondly the accuracy of proposed method is verified through the calibration system. As a result the method shows high accuracy, which provides an experimental basis for accurate inertia parameters measurement of heavy truck engine.
Study on Side-entering Agitator Flow Field Simulation in Large Scale Biogas Digester
Authors: Xinxin Li , Yadong Cao , Zhenfeng Huang , Jingfu Liang , Gang Cheng , Rui Pan
Published: February 2018

Based on the CFD software Fluent, the multi-reference system method, the RNG κ-ε turbulence model and the pressure-velocity coupled SIMPLEC algorithm are applied to simulate the flow field of a single side-entering agitator in a large biogas digester. And the impact of different installation angle, agitator-to-bottom height, agitating speed and agitator diameter on the agitating power, the effective area percentage and the effective power ratio are analyzed. The results show that: 1) when the agitating speed is more than 450r/min and the agitating diameter is more than 750 mm, the effective area percentage reaches the maximum value; 2) when the horizontal angle is 30 °, the agitating effect is the best; 3) when the vertical angle is inclined to the bottom and the agitator-to-bottom height is less than 8 m, it is helpful to prevent the sediment from appearing. The results of numerical simulation provide a theoretical basis for the design to optimize the agitator.
Analysis of Vertical Stiffness of Air Spring Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Ye Jiatong , Huang Hua , He Chenchen , Liu Guangyuan
Published: February 2018

In this paper, a finite element model of membrane air spring in the vehicle is established, and its vertical stiffness characteristics under a certain inflation pressure are analysed. The result of finite element simulation method is compared with the result of the air spring bench test. The accuracy and reliability of the finite element simulation method in nonlinear analysis of air spring system are verified. In addition, according to the finite element method, the influence of the installation of the air spring limit sleeve on its stiffness is verified.
Analysis of the jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve with finite element methods
Authors: Kaiyu Zhao , Qingxun Wu , Lijian Zhang , Zhaohui Yuan , jiaqiang Yang
Published: February 2018

The dynamic characteristics analysis about the jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve based on experience and mathematical derivation was difficult and not so precise. So we have analysed the armature feedback components, torque motor and jet pipe receiver in electrohydraulic servo valve by sophisticated finite element analysis tools respectively and have got physical meaning data on these parts. Then the data were fitted by Matlab and the mathematical relationships among them were calculated. We have done the dynamic multi-physical fields’ Simulink co-simulation using above mathematical relationship, and have got the input-output relationship of the overall valve, the frequency response and step response. This work can show the actual working condition accurately. At the same time, we have considered the materials and the impact of the critical design dimensions in the finite element analysis process. It provides some new ideas to the overall design of jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve.
Study on High energy efficiency photovoltaic facility agricultural system in tropical area of China
Authors: Ge Zhiwu , He Tiantian , Yanyang Xiao , Dai Jianbiao , Jiang Xuefei
Published: February 2018

The photovoltaic facility agriculture is developing rapidly in recent years, but there are many problems brought out, even in some important demonstration projects, due to the lack of standards. In order to solve some of these problems, we set up a photovoltaic facilities agricultural system in Guilinyang University City, Haikou, China and make an in-depth study on the photovoltaic facility agricultural system and its related problems. In this paper we disclose some of the experimental results. We plant corianders under two kinds of solar cell panels and general double glass assembly already sold on the market. Experiments showed that the square format cell panels are much better than row type, and the next one is general double glass assembly sold on the market, the last is the case without any shelter. 30 days after planting, the height of coriander plants are 50mm, 30mm, 23mm and 20mm correspondingly. The two typical solar cell panels have gaps between cells, and can save much more energy and improve power generation efficiency, we arrange the panels at optimum tilted angle, and design the system as open structure to save more energy. The photovoltaic facilities agricultural system we set up in Guilinyang University City can achieve much high solar energy efficiency than others and has broad application prospects.
Design of Intelligent Manufacturing Big Data Cloud Service Platform
Authors: Cai Danlin , Chen Mingyu , zhu Daxin , Liu Junjie
Published: February 2018

With the coming of the intelligent manufacturing, the technology and application of industrial big data will be popular in the future. The productivity, competitiveness and innovation of the manufacturing industries will be improved through the integrated innovation of big data technology and industries. Besides, products, production process, management, services, new form and new models will be more intellectualized. They will support the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and the construction of an open, shared and collaborative ecological environment for intelligent manufacturing industry.
Elevation Effect in Urban Water Distribution Model
Authors: Wannapop Rangsan , Jearsiripongkul Thira , Jiamjiroch Krit
Published: February 2018

Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) is Thailand's national government agency responsible for the supply of water to 3 provinces Bangkok, Nonthaburi and Samut Prakan with more than 2,384.9 km2 of service area and 2,281,058 consumers in the year 2016. Bangkok, which is both the capital and the economic center of the country, is densely populated. Consequently, there is a huge demand for water; MWA has to supply 5.914 million cubic meters of water per day. Because the metropolitan water supply area is a densely populated city, the water supply system is very complex like a spider’s web. For this reason, MWA has adopted EPANET software for its water supply managing tool in the main pipeline system. There are some mistakes in the main pipe network; the elevations of the nodes are not assigned, so there are some errors. In this study, we have assigned elevations for all nodes on the pipeline network based on mean sea level (MSL). After adjusting the elevation of each node, it was found that the new pipeline network has increased the correlation between means to 0.893 from the existing model mean of that is 0.803 of accuracy up 0.09 (11.2%).
Study of the reduction mechanism of ironsands with addition of blast furnace bag dust
Authors: Xing Xiangdong , Chen Yunfei , Liu Yiran
Published: February 2018

To improve the reduction properties of ironsands carbon-containing briquettes, the behavior of ironsand during reduction by the addition of blast furnace bag dust (BFBD) is studied using a high temperature resistance furnace, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the reduction mechanism is discussed in this study. The results showed that the reduction level and compressive strength of ironsand carbon-containing briquettes could be promoted by increasing the proportion of BFBD. When the addition rate of BFBD was 31.25%, the metallization rate and compressive strength increased from 82.1% and 21.5 N/a to 91.4% and 172.5 N/a, respectively. Metallic iron reduced from BFBD particles favored the carbon gasification reaction, which enhanced the internal CO concentration, and then promoted the FeTiO3 reduction to Fe in ironsand. Meanwhile, a large amount of the liquid phase generated during the reduction process also favored Fe2+ diffusion, spread of iron joined crystals and the growth of crystals, which resulted in the improvement of the compressive strength of the ironsand carbon-containing briquettes.
Prediction of operating parameters range for ammonia removal unit in coke making by-products
Authors: Tiwari Hari Prakash , Kumar Rajesh , Bhattacharjee Arunabh , Lingam Ravi Kumar , Roy Abhijit , Tiwary Shambhu
Published: February 2018

Coke oven gas treatment plants are well equipped with distributed control systems (DCS) and therefore recording the vast amount of operational data efficiently. Analyzing the stored information manually from historians is practically impossible. In this study, data mining technique was examined for lowering the ammonia concentration in clean coke oven gas. Results confirm that concentration of ammonia in clean coke oven gas depends on the average PCDC temperature; gas scrubber temperatures stripped liquor flow, stripped liquor concentration and stripped liquor temperature. The optimum operating ranges of the above dependent parameters using data mining technique for lowering the concentration of ammonia is described in this paper.
Existence and regularity of mild solutions to fractional stochastic evolution equations
Authors: Zou G.A. , Wang B. , Zhou Y.
Published: February 2018

This study is concerned with the stochastic fractional diffusion and diffusion-wave equations driven by multiplicative noise. We prove the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to these equations by means of the Picard’s iteration method. With the help of the fractional calculus and stochastic analysis theory, we also establish the pathwise spatial-temporal (Sobolev-Hölder) regularity properties of mild solutions to these types of fractional SPDEs in a semigroup framework. Finally, we relate our results to the selection of appropriate numerical schemes for the solutions of these time-fractional SPDEs.
Chiral Mechanically Interlocked Molecules – Applications of Rotaxanes, Catenanes and Molecular Knots in Stereoselective Chemosensing and Catalysis
Authors: Niemeyer Jochen , Pairault Noel
Published: February 2018

Interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes, catenanes, and molecular knots, offer conceptually new possibilities for the generation of chiral chemosensors and catalysts. Due to the presence of the mechanical or topological bond, interlocked molecules can be used to design functional systems with unprecedented features, such as switchability and deep binding cavities. In addition, classical elements of chirality can be supplemented with mechanical or topological chirality, which have so far only scarcely been employed as sources of chirality for stereoselective applications. This minireview discusses recent examples in this emerging area, showing that the application of chiral interlocked molecules in sensing and catalysis offers many fascinating opportunities for future research.

1 Introduction

2 Interlocked Molecules with Chiral Subcomponents

2.1 Point Chirality

2.2 Axial Chirality

3 Mechanically Chiral Interlocked Molecules

4 Topologically Chiral Interlocked Molecules

5 Outlook
Surface forces between hydrophilic silica surfaces in a moisture-sensitive oleophilic diacrylate monomer liquid
Authors: Ito Shunya , Kasuya Motohiro , Kurihara Kazue , Nakagawa Masaru
Published: February 2018

We measured the surface forces generated between fused silica surfaces in a low-viscosity oleophilic diacrylate monomer for reliably repeated ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprinting, and studied the influence of water in monomer liquids on the forces. Fused silica surfaces, with a static contact angle of 52.6 ± 1.7° for water, owing to the low degree of hydroxylation, hardly showed reproducible surface forces with repeated scan cycles, comprising approach and separation, even in an identical liquid monomer medium with both of low and high water content. The monomer liquid with a high water content of approximately 420 ppm showed a greater tendency to increase the surface forces at longer surface-surface distances compared with the monomer liquid with a low water content of approximately 60 ppm. On the other hand, silica surfaces with a water contact angle of < 5° after exposure to vacuum UV (VUV) light under a reduced air pressure showed reproducible profiles of surfaces forces using the monomer with a low water concentration of approximately 60 ppm for repeated surface forces scan cycles even in separately prepared silica surfaces, whilst they showed less reproducible profiles in the liquids with high water content of 430 ppm. These results suggested that water possibly adsorbed on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica surfaces in the monomer liquid of the high water concentration influenced the repeatability of the surface forces profiles.
Excellent field emission properties of VO2(A) nanogap emitters in air
Authors: Liu Meng , Fu Wenbiao , Yang Yang , Li Tie , Wang Yuelin
Published: February 2018

VO2(A) emitters with a 10 nm gap between the emitter and the collector were fabricated with the aid of focused ion beam etching. Due to the extremely small electrode gap, high emission currents (upto 53 μA at 1 V) and excellent emission stability were achieved in air with a turn-on voltage as low as 0.46 V. The field emission behavior exhibits a temperature dependence, which is attributed to the temperature-induced reduction of the work function. This work provides a practical way to ease the demand of high vacuum and high operation voltage in vacuum devices, which is helpful for developing low-power nanoscale vacuum devices.
Numerical investigation of fluid-solid interaction for flow around three square cylinders
Authors: Abbasi Waqas Sarwar , Islam Shams-ul- , Rahman Hamid , Manzoor Raheela
Published: February 2018

In this work, fluid-solid interactions are numerically investigated for flow around three equally/unequally spaced square cylinders using the lattice Boltzmann method. Two major trends of shear layers observed for equal gap spacings between cylinders: (i) without roll up (W), and (ii) with roll up (R). While for unequal gap spacings, four major trends of shear layers observed: (i) without roll up in both gaps (WW), (ii) without rollup in first gap and with roll up in second gap (WR), (iii) with roll up in first gap and without roll up in second gap (RW), and (iv) with roll up in both gaps (RR). g = 3 is found to be the critical equal spacing value. Also g = 1.5 is found to be suitable equal spacing in terms of minimum drag force. While the suitable unequal gap spacing combinations found in this study are (g1, g2) = (1.5, 0.5), (g1, g2) = (3, 0.5) and (g1, g2) = (5, 0.5). Results show that flow induced forces can be suppressed by suitable unequal gap spacing combinations.
Rayleigh–Bénard–Marangoni convection in a weakly non-Boussinesq fluid layer with a deformable surface
Authors: Lyubimov D. V. , Lyubimova T. P. , Lobov N. I. , Alexander J. I. D.
Published: February 2018

The influence of surface deformations on the Rayleigh–Bénard–Marangoni instability of a uniform layer of a non-Boussinesq fluid heated from below is investigated. In particular, the stability of the conductive state of a horizontal fluid layer with a deformable surface, a flat isothermal rigid lower boundary, and a convective heat transfer condition at the upper free surface is considered. The fluid is assumed to be isothermally incompressible. In contrast to the Boussinesq approximation, density variations are accounted for in the continuity equation and in the buoyancy and inertial terms of the momentum equations. Two different types of temperature dependence of the density are considered: linear and exponential. The longwave instability is studied analytically, and instability to perturbations with finite wavenumber is examined numerically. It is found that there is a decrease in stability of the system with respect to the onset of longwave Marangoni convection. This result could not be obtained within the framework of the conventional Boussinesq approximation. It is also shown that at Ma = 0 the critical Rayleigh number increases with Ga (the ratio of gravity to viscous forces or Galileo number). At some value of Ga, the Rayleigh–Bénard instability vanishes. This stabilization occurs for each of the density equations of state. At small values of Ga and when deformation of the free surface is important, it is shown that there are significant differences in stability behavior as compared to results obtained using the Boussinesq approximation.