bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disilylphenylene and Tetrasilylphenylene as a New Building Unit for Highly Fluorescent Poly(aryleneethynylene)s
Authors: Iida Azusa , Nagura Kazuhiko , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: July 2008

We report the synthesis and photophysical properties of poly(aryleneethynylene)s (PAEs) containing disilyl‐ or tetrasilyl‐substituted phenylene as the key building unit. The fluorescence spectra of one of the PAEs, consisting of the diethynylbis(trimethylsilyl)phenylene and fluorenylene units, shows an intense blue emission with the maximum at 428 nm. The absolute quantum yield (ΦF) and the fluorescence lifetime (τs) are 0.92 and 0.39 ns, respectively. The calculated radiative decay rate constant (kr) from the singlet excited state, based on ΦF and τs, is 2.4×109 s−1, which is extremely large for organic molecules. A series of silyl‐substituted PAEs, including a tricyclic tetrasilylphenylene‐containing polymer, also show intense emissions with large kr values. Theoretical calculations of the model systems with the bis(phenylethynyl)benzene skeleton reveal the general substituent effect of the silyl groups attached to the PAE skeleton.
A new photobioreactor for continuous microalgal production in hatcheries based on external‐loop airlift and swirling flow
Authors: Loubière Karine , Olivo Erell , Bougaran Gael , Pruvost Jérémy , Robert René , Legrand Jack
Published: July 2008

This study deals with the scale of a new photobioreactor for continuous microalgal production in hatcheries. The combination of the state‐of‐art with the constraints inherent to hatcheries has turned the design into a closed, artificially illuminated and external‐loop airlift configuration based on a succession of elementary modules, each one being composed of two transparent vertical interconnected columns. The liquid circulation is ensured pneumatically (air injections) with respect to a swirling motion (tangential inlets). A single module of the whole photobioreactor was built‐up to scale its geometry (diameter and length) and to optimize its design (air sparger, tangential inlets). The volumetric productivities were predicted by modeling radiative transfer and growth of Isochrysis affinis galbana (clone Tahiti). The hydrodynamics of the liquid phase was modeled in terms of global flow behavior (circulation and mixing times, Péclet number) and of swirling motion decay along the column (Particle Image Velocimetry). The aeration performances were determined by overall volumetric mass transfer measurements. Continuous cultures of Isochrysis affinis galbana (clone Tahiti) were run in two geometrical configurations, generating either an axial or a swirling flow. Lastly, the definitive options of design are presented as well as a 120‐L prototype, currently implemented in a French mollusk hatchery and commercialized. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 132–147. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid Hydrolysis of Quorum‐Sensing Molecules in the Gut of Lepidopteran Larvae
Authors: Funke Matthias , Büchler Rita , Mahobia Vertica , Schneeberg Alexander , Ramm Michael , Boland Wilhelm
Published: July 2008

Microorganisms compete for nutrients and living space in the gut of plant‐feeding insect larvae, such as Spodoptera spp. Their physiological activities and their organization are generally controlled or synchronised by “autoinducers”, such as N‐acylhomoserinelactones (AHLs). Due to the strongly alkaline milieu in the insect gut, the lactone ring of AHLs is rapidly and spontaneously opened. Further degradation to the inactive components homoserine and the acyl moiety is then achieved by a microbial N‐acylamino acid hydrolase (AAH) and related enzymatic activities in the insect gut. Initialised by the alkaline milieu, such activities might account for the complete absence of AHLs in the intestinal fluid of the studied Spodoptera spp. The AHL‐recognition system of E. coli RV308pSB40, but not that of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NT1/pZLR4 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, was found to be inhibited by the structurally related N‐acylglutamines, which are abundantly present in the gut of many lepidopteran larvae. Our observations suggest an active role of the insect in interfering with the quorum sensing of their gut microbiota by several independent strategies.
Chemical Defence Strategies of Higher Fungi
Authors: Spiteller Peter
Published: July 2008

Like plants, fungi have evolved a variety of defence strategies in order to protect themselves against feeding mammals, insects and infection with parasitic fungi. In contrast to plants little is known on the chemical ecology of fruiting bodies of higher fungi, particularly those defence mechanisms which are induced upon wounding have only occasionally been recognised. Methods both for the detection of permanently present defence compounds and for the elucidation of wound‐activated chemical defence mechanisms are discussed in this concept paper.
Characterization of Three Members of the Electron‐Transfer Series [Fe(pda)2]n (n=2−, 1−, 0) by Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theoretical Calculations [pda=Redox Non‐innocent Derivatives of N,N′‐Bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐o‐phenylenediamide(2−, 1.−, 0)]
Authors: Khusniyarov Marat M. , Bill Eckhard , Weyhermüller Thomas , Bothe Eberhard , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg , Wieghardt Karl
Published: July 2008

The four‐coordinate iron complexes, [FeIII(pda2−)(pda.−)] (1) and [AsPh4]2[FeII(pda2−)2] (2) were synthesized and fully characterized; pda2− is the closed‐shell ligand N,N′‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐o‐phenylenediamido(2−), and pda.− represents its one‐electron‐oxidized π‐radical anion. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of 1 and 2 performed at 100(2) K reveal a distorted tetrahedral coordination environment at the iron centers, as a result of the intramolecular π–π interactions between C6F5 rings. The electronic structures of 1 and 2 were unambiguously determined by a combination of 57Fe Mössbauer and electronic spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, X‐ray crystallography, and DFT calculations. Compound 1 contains an intermediate‐spin FeIII ion (SFe=3/2) strongly antiferromagnetically coupled to a π‐ligand radical (SR=1/2) yielding an St=1 ground state. Complex 2 possesses a high‐spin FeII center (SFe=2) with two closed‐shell dianionic ligands. Complexes 1 and 2 are members of the redox series [Fe(pda)2]n with n=0 for 1 and n=2− for 2. The anion n=1− has been reported previously in the coordination salt [Fe(dad)3][Fe(pda)2] (3; dad=N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene). A complicated temperature‐dependent electronic structure has been observed for this salt. Here, DFT calculations performed on 3 confirm the previous assignments of spin‐ and oxidation‐states. Thus, [Fe(pda)2]n (n=0, 1−, 2−) constitutes an electron‐transfer series, which has also been established by cyclic voltammetry; the mono‐ and dications (n=1+ and 2+) are also accessible in solution, but have not been further investigated. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of [Fe(pda)2]n species in 1 and 3 show extremely large quadrupole splitting constants due to addition of the valence and covalence contributions that have been confirmed by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Structures of InPF6, InAsF6, TlPF6 and TlAsF6.
Authors: Goreshnik Evgeny , Mazej Zoran
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Compounds in the Sr1‐3x/2CexTiO3 Homologous Series.
Authors: Ubic Rick , Subodh Ganesanpotti , Sebastian Mailadil T. , Gout Delphine , Proffen Thomas
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Cuprates for Ceramic Coloring Application — An Investigation.
Authors: Kar Jitendra Kumar , Stevens Ron , Bowen Christopher R.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐CuV2O6 Nanowires: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Primary Lithium Battery Application.
Authors: Ma Hua , Zhang Shaoyan , Ji Weiqiang , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Catalysis of Di‐ and Tetranuclear Metal Sandwich‐Type Silicotungstates [(γ‐SiW10O36)2M2 (μ‐OH)2]10‐ and [(γ‐SiW10O36)2M4 (μ4‐O)(μ‐OH)6]8‐ (M: Zr or Hf).
Authors: Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Syuhei , Tsuchida Kazutaka , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Uehara Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide at Room Temperature.
Authors: Mannam Sreedevi , Sekar G.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Photo‐Decarboxylation of α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Derivatives under Visible Light Irradiation in the Presence of Catalytic Iodine.
Authors: Nakayama Hiroki , Itoh Akichika
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso Anhydrides by a Bifunctional Thiourea‐Based Organocatalyst at Low Catalyst Loadings and Room Temperature.
Authors: Peschiulli Aldo , Gun'ko Yurii , Connon Stephen J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)3PW12O40 as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis and Deprotection of 1,1‐Diacetates.
Authors: Satam Jitendra R. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Intramolecular Pericyclization of 1‐Azulenyl Thioketones.
Authors: Ito Shunji , Okujima Tetsuo , Kikuchi Shigeru , Shoji Taku , Morita Noboru , Asao Toyonobu , Ikoma Tadaaki , Tero‐Kubota Shozo , Kawakami Jun , Tajiri Akio
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Access to Substituted [(E)‐ or (Z)‐1‐(Trifluoromethyl)allyl]amines.
Authors: Magueur Guillaume , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,1‐Diacetates Using a New Combined Catalytic System: Copper p‐Toluenesulfonate/HOAc.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhiguo , Gong Hong , Jiang Heng
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diverse 2,3‐Dihydroindoles, 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines, and Benzo‐Fused Azepines by Formal Radical Cyclization onto Aromatic Rings.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Peng Jianbiao , Fletcher Stephen P. , Ziffle Vincent E. , Wingert David
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 1‐Alkoxy‐3‐alkylimidazolium Salts Including Ionic Liquids, 1‐Alkylimidazole 2‐Oxides and 1‐Alkylimidazole Perhydrates.
Authors: Schottenberger Herwig , et al. et al.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl‐Functionalized Oxazoles by Olefin Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Hoffman Thomas J. , Rigby James H. , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantitative Photooxidation of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐pyrazolinylcoumarins to Pyrazolyl Derivatives.
Authors: Traven Valery F. , Ivanov Ivan V. , Pavlov Aleksandr S. , Manaev Aleksandr V. , Voevodina Irina V. , Barachevskii Valery A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approach to 2‐Quinolinones.
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Chieh , Chang Nein‐Chen
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Cone p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene‐crown Conformers.
Authors: Alekseeva Elena A. , Basok Stepan S. , Mazepa Alexander V. , Gren Andrei I.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of Thaps‐8‐en‐5‐ol via Stereospecific Intramolecular Chirality Transfer.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Anebouselvy K.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stereoselective Titanium Reductive Amination Synthesis of 3‐Amino and Polyaminosterol Derivatives Possessing Antimicrobial Activities.
Authors: Salmi Chanaz , Loncle Celine , Vidal Nicolas , Letourneux Yves , Brunel Jean Michel
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Total Synthesis of the Potent HDAC Inhibitor FK228 (FR‐901228).
Authors: Greshock Thomas J. , Johns Deidre M. , Noguchi Yasuo , Williams Robert M.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleosides with 2′‐Fixed Lipid Anchors and Their Behavior in Phospholipid Membranes.
Authors: Kaczmarek Oliver , Brodersen Nicolai , Bunge Andreas , Loeser Ludwig , Huster Daniel , Herrmann Andreas , Arbuzova Anna , Liebscher Juergen
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Aliev A. E. , Law R. V.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relationships in the La—Fe—Sb System at 773 K.
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Wang Lina , Cui Xuehong , Liu Wenjun , Zong Bo , Li Junqin
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Efficiency of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Promoted O‐ to C‐Carboxyl Transfer of Oxazolyl Carbonates.
Authors: Thomson Jennifer E. , Campbell Craig D. , Concellon Carmen , Duguet Nicolas , Rix Kathryn , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Oxidative Cleavage of Carbon—Carbon Multiple Bonds by tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide in Water — A Safe Alternative to Ozonolysis.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Bhadra Sukalyan , Adak Laksmikanta
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of General Catalytic Allylation of Acylhydrazones with Pinacolyl Allylboronate Using an Indium (I) Catalyst.
Authors: Schneider Uwe , Chen I‐Hon , Kobayashi Shu
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Dienols from Palladium Catalyzed Coupling of Hydroaluminated Enynols with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Crook Kenneth , Nie Jin , Welker Mark E.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Approach to Chiral Cyclobutanones: Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclobut‐G
Authors: Darses Benjamin , Greene Andrew E. , Coote Susannah C. , Poisson Jean‐Francois
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Oxidation Initiated Pummerer‐ and Knoevenagel‐Type Reactions of Benzyl Sulfide and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Li Zhiping , Li Haijun , Guo Xingwei , Cao Lin , Yu Rong , Li Huanrong , Pan Shiguang
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Aminosulfones via the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of the Corresponding β‐Ketosulfones.
Authors: Touati Ridha , Hassine Bechir Ben
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Programmable Tetra‐ortho‐Substituted Biaryl Compounds Using Diels—Alder Cycloadditions/Cycloreversions of Disubstituted Alkynyl Stannanes.
Authors: Perkins Johanna R. , Carter Rich G.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Symmetrically and Unsymmetrically Substituted Hexaphenylbenzene Analogues by Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Yang Xiaoyin , Dou Xi , Muellen Klaus
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of the Betti Base with 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Wen Jian‐Ming , Lin Cui‐Pan , Li Jing‐Hua
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl and 2‐Alkenylbenzothiazoles from Fatty Acids under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Gangal Saloni , Sharma Shweta
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclic Amidines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Carbodiimides.
Authors: Yu Robert T. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis and Application to the Synthesis of (E)‐Fluorovinyl Nucleosides.
Authors: Shen Qingbo , Hong Joon Hee
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Siomycin A: Construction of Synthetic Segments.
Authors: Hashimoto Kimiko , et al. et al.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Quality Single Crystal Growth and Fermi Surface Properties in F‐electron Systems
Authors: Onuki Y. , Settai R. , Shishido H. , Ikeda S. , Matsuda T. D. , Yamamoto E. , Haga Y. , Aoki D. , Harima H. , Yamagami H.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry Surrounding Group 7 Complexes that Possess Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands
Authors: Lail Marty , Pittard Karl A. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Polyoxometalates: Towards Advanced Applications in Catalysis and Materials Science
Authors: Proust Anna , Thouvenot Rene , Gouzerh Pierre
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide — Catalysis by an Aspartate‐Containing Tripeptide
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phenotypic differences between cord blood and adult peripheral blood
Authors: López María C. , Palmer Brent E. , Lawrence David A.
Published: July 2008

Background and Objectives

Neonates are more susceptible to infections than adults, due to a less mature immune system. The objective of this study was to compare the immunophenotypes of cord blood (CB) and adult peripheral blood (APB) and to establish whether or not there are immunophenotypical differences.

Methods

CB and APB were collected into CPD anticoagulant. Whole blood was stained with fluorochrome conjugated antibodies, cells were fixed, red cells were lysed, and samples were run in a FACSCanto flow cytometer.

Results

Plots of SSC vs. CD45 showed two lymphocyte‐like populations in CB with the same low SSC characteristics while there was only one low SSC lymphoid population in APB. The CD45dim population included the majority of CD34+ cells, but it also included T, B, NKT, and NK cells. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD3+CD56+, and CD3−CD56+ in the CD45high gate of CB were similar to the percentages obtained for APB. Meanwhile, in the CD45dim gate, the percentages were either lower (CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) or higher (CD19+, CD3+CD56+, CD3−CD56+) than in the CD45high gate.

Conclusions

CB presents two lymphoid populations defined by different levels of expression of the phosphatase CD45; the CD45dim subsets likely represent cells with elevated proliferative activity possibly due to the differential expression of CD45 but still not yet immunologically mature with regard to immunophenotype and function. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
A Modular Approach to Luminescent Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) and Rhenium(I) Complexes
Authors: Pelleteret Diane , Fletcher Nicholas C.
Published: July 2008

A series of dinuclear (bipyridine)tricarbonylrhenium(I) and tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes have been isolated and characterised, bridged by a flexible diamido ethylene glycol chain. A new stepwise synthetic pathway has been investigated to heterometallic complexes, with the rhenium(I) complexes exhibiting an unusual configuration and inequivalence of the metal centres potentially arising from a surprising hydrogen‐bonding interaction between an Re–CO group and an amide proton in low‐polarity solvents. This interaction appears to be broken by competing hydrogen‐bonding species such as dihydrogen phosphate. This effect was not observed in the corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes, which showed very little interaction with anions. The photophysical characterisation shows that the inclusion of two ester/amide groups to the rhenium centre effectively quenches the fluorescence at room temperature. The ruthenium(II) complexes have considerably stronger fluorescence than the rhenium species, and are less affected by theinclusion of ester and amide groups to the 2,2′‐bipyridine chelating group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Binuclear Magnesium, Calcium and Zinc Complexes Based on Bis(salicylaldimine) Ligands with Rigid Bridges
Authors: Range Sven , Piesik Dirk F.‐J. , Harder Sjoerd
Published: July 2008

Four dinucleating ligands based on sterically protected salicylaldimine units bridged by a variety of rigid groups have been prepared: 1,4‐bis[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)amino]benzene (PARA‐H2), 1,3‐bis[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)amino]benzene (META‐H2), 2,6‐bis[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)amino]pyridine (PYR‐H2) and 1,4‐bis[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)amino]‐2,3,5,6‐tetramethylbenzene (Me4PARA‐H2). Reactions with [(Me3Si)2N]2Mg·(thf)2 gave three new heteroleptic dinuclear magnesium complexes: PARA‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2, META‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2 and PYR‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2. The complex PARA‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2 was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Reactions with [(Me3Si)2N]2Ca·(thf)2 gave mixtures of homoleptic and heteroleptic species. The homoleptic and heteroleptic calcium complexes [PARA‐Ca·(thf)2]2 and PARA‐[CaN(SiMe3)2·(thf)2]2 could be isolated and were structurally characterized. These complexes are not stable in solution. Attempted syntheses of Me4PARA‐[CaN(SiMe3)2·(thf)2]2 gave insoluble coordination polymers of Me4PARA‐Ca. Reactions with [(Me3Si)2N]2Zn gave precipitates of homoleptic dinuclear zinc complexes of which PYR‐Zn could be structurally characterized as a cyclic tetramer. The dinuclear magnesium complexes PARA‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2, META‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2 and PYR‐[MgN(SiMe3)2·thf]2 are neither active in the polymerization of epoxides nor in the copolymerization of epoxide/CO2 (cylohexene or propylene oxide) but initiate the polymerization of rac‐lactide. Yields of isolated polylactide strongly depend on the bridging unit and the solvent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Tautomeric Equilibria in 3‐Amino‐1‐(2‐aminoimidazol‐4‐yl)prop‐1‐ene, a Central Building Block of Marine Alkaloids
Authors: Wei Yin , Zipse Hendrik
Published: July 2008

The tautomers I–IV of the marine metabolite 3‐amino‐1‐(2‐aminoimidazol‐4‐yl)prop‐1‐ene (1) were previously suggested to have rather similar stabilities.1,2 Through a series of DFT and ab initio calculations, their relative stabilities were investigated in both the gas phase and in water, and also compared to their Z‐isomers V–VIII. The tautomers I and III have almost identical stability in the gas phase and in water. The Z‐isomer VII is more stable than other tautomers in the gas phase and quite competitive with I and III in water. The tautomers II and IV are much less stable and unlikely to coexist in equilibrium with I and III. The calculated pKa of 1‐H+ of +10.9 suggests that 1 is fully protonated even under mildly acidic conditions. Protonation decreases the stability difference between the most stable tautomer III and the less stable tautomer IV.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A two‐step electrodialysis method for DNA purification from polluted metallic environmental samples
Authors: Rodríguez‐Mejía José Luis , Martínez‐Anaya Claudia , Folch‐Mallol Jorge Luis , Dantán‐González Edgar
Published: July 2008

Extracting DNA from samples of polluted environments using standard methods often results in low yields of poor‐quality material unsuited to subsequent manipulation and analysis by molecular biological techniques. Here, we report a novel two‐step electrodialysis‐based method for the extraction of DNA from environmental samples. This technique permits the rapid and efficient isolation of high‐quality DNA based on its acidic nature, and without the requirement for phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol cleanup and ethanol precipitation steps. Subsequent PCR, endonuclease restriction, and cloning reactions were successfully performed utilizing DNA obtained by electrodialysis, whereas some or all of these techniques failed using DNA extracted with two alternative methods. We also show that his technique is applicable to purify DNA from a range of polluted and nonpolluted samples.
Correlation study of optimized voxel‐based morphometry and 1H MRS in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Brázdil Milan , Mareček Radek , Fojtíková Dagmar , Mikl Michal , Kuba Robert , Krupa Petr , Rektor Ivan
Published: July 2008

Purpose:

To assess whether structural and metabolic brain abnormalities are correlated in MTLE/HS syndrome.

Methods:

Optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) of gray matter concentration (GMC) and gray matter volume (GMV) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements from both‐sided hippocampal and thalamic regions were performed in 20 MTLE/HS patients and 20 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. The local GMC and GMV values were calculated in both the affected and unaffected hippocampi and ipsilateral and contralateral thalami in patients and healthy subjects, and these were compared. VBM variables and NAA, NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cr+Cho) values from the investigated brain regions were correlated.

Results:

(1) Analysis revealed significantly more extensive GMV reduction than GMC reduction in patients' affected hippocampus. In addition, significant GMV reduction was observed in the ipsilateral thalamus in MTLE/HS patients. (2) Significant decreases in all VBM and MRS variables were revealed in the affected hippocampus. Whilst practically normal GMC values were revealed in patients' both‐sided thalamic regions, a significant decrease in local GMV and metabolic measurements were found in the patients' ipsilateral thalamus. (3) Pearson's correlations between structural and metabolic abnormalities were significant for the ipsilateral thalamus only.

Conclusion:

Structural and metabolic abnormalities as detected by optimized voxel‐based morphometry and 1H MRS in hippocampal and thalamic regions are only partially correlated in MTLE/HS patients. It seems therefore reasonable that both methods reflect different aspects of brain pathology, which, at least to some degree, might be independently ongoing. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance and trade‐offs in Microfinance Organisations—Does ownership matter?
Authors: Mersland Roy , Strøm Reidar Øystein
Published: July 2008

Policy advocates argue for the transformation of non‐government Microfinance Organisations (MFOs) into shareholder owned firms (SHFs). This paper investigates whether the proposed superiority of shareholder owned MFOs is empirically supported. The findings indicate that the difference between shareholder owned MFOs and non‐government MFOs is minimal. Our results contradict established paradigms and policy guidelines in the industry. However, the results are not necessarily surprising since ownership theories support our findings. So do also studies from the general banking markets as well as historical studies. Adaptation of legal frameworks allowing well‐performing NGOs to mobilise savings appears to be a better option than transformation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trees, trust and the state: A comparison of participatory forest management in Pakistan and Tanzania
Authors: Shahbaz Babar , Mbeyale Gimbage , Haller Tobias
Published: July 2008

This paper attempts to analyse the trust, power relations and emerging conflicts as state and non‐state actors try to adjust to their new roles in the perspective of participatory forest management initiatives in Pakistan and Tanzania. Based on historical and empirical context, we argue that the institutional base responsible for enhancing trust between state and local actors is rather weak in both countries. The major obstacles are that the state actors are not willing to fully devolve power; and the responsibility—as delegated by the state—of newly created institutions demands forest protection rather than defining management rights. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What fundamentally drives growth? Revisiting the institutions and economic performance debate
Authors: Decker Jessica Henson , Lim Jamus Jerome
Published: July 2008

The recent empirical growth literature has proposed three underlying fundamental determinants of economic growth, namely, physical geography, economic integration and institutional quality. This paper unpacks the final determinant into both political‐economic institutions as well as the primarily political institution of democratic development. Using both cross‐sectional and panel datasets, we show that, properly instrumented, there is no evidence that democracies grow faster or slower than non‐democracies. This result is in contrast to much of the more recent literature, which tends to find a weakly positive relationship. Political‐ economic institutions, however, remain positive and significant determinants of economic growth, which corroborates much of the empirical evidence in the existing literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving cultures and the creation of new knowledge and dynamic capabilities in emerging markets
Authors: Hong Jianzhong , Kianto Aino , Kyläheiko Kalevi
Published: July 2008

Dynamic capabilities are vital as they have been considered the major source for creating new knowledge and capabilities needed in today's rapidly changing markets. The existent literature draws our attention to several more or less identifiable sources and strategy level processes for the creation of such capabilities, primarily emphasizing the role of top management. In our view, however, these often quite ad hoc explanations cry for more detailed micro foundations that really open up and reveal underlying micro structures and processes. Hence, our paper argues that moving communication across and the interaction of multi‐cultures at the workplace is a major driver for the creation of new knowledge and dynamic capabilities in organizations undergoing major transformation. The paper is theoretical in nature, and practical implications for innovation and knowledge management in emerging markets like in China are suggested. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information technology strategy for knowledge management in Indian automotive components SMEs
Authors: Pillania Rajesh K.
Published: July 2008

Knowledge management (KM) research has focused more on large firms. Lately, there is increasing realization of need and significance of KM for sustainable competitiveness for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Potential competitive advantage of KM may be more profound in a small firm. Information Technology (IT) has a crucial role in KM. IT is the facilitator, the enabler. The IT requirements of SMEs are different from that of big firms. Most of the research on role of IT in KM has focused on big firms. The purpose of this research paper is to look at IT for KM in SMEs particularly, in Indian context. The paper consists of five sections of introduction, literature review, research methodology, research findings and conclusion. IT tools are more in use in international auto components manufacturers (ACMs) as compared to Indian ACMs. The major problems faced by ACM vary among international and Indian ACMs. Internet is used by every organization under study followed by intranet. IT has just grown over time in the organizations under study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Tunable Submicro‐ or Nano‐Structured Polyethylene Materials from Immiscible Blends with Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Authors: Wang Dong , Sun Gang , Chiou Bor‐Sen
Published: July 2008

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) was prepared into micro‐ or submicro‐spheres or nanofibers via melt blending or extrusion of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/LDPE immiscible blends and subsequent removal of the CAB matrix. The sizes of the PE spheres or fibers can be successfully controlled by varying the composition ratio and modifying the interfacial properties of the blends. The surface structures of LDPE micro‐ or submicro‐spheres and nanofibers were analyzed using SEM and FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy. In addition, the crystalline structures of the LDPE nanofibers were characterized.

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Effect of Humidity on Ammonia Gas Sensitivity of Intrinsically Conducting Composite Films
Authors: Bouhadid Myriam , Redon Nathalie , Plaisance Hervé , Desbrières Jacques , Reynaud Stéphanie
Published: July 2008

Summary: The effect of humidity on the ammonia gas (NH3) detection of conducting composite films was investigated. The first results showed that the presence of humidity, acting as interference gas, modifies the behaviour of sensors in the presence of ammonia. However, the behaviour study at atmosphere without ammonia of our materials in controlled temperature and humidity allowed distinguishing atmospheric effect from NH3 pollution.
Managing across boundaries: introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Appleyard Melissa M. , Lybecker Kristina M. , Wang Clara Y.
Published: July 2008

The resource‐based view of the firm suggests that direct control over unique assets can form the basis of sustained competitive advantage. In contrast, the papers presented in this Special Issue examine the payoffs to cross‐boundary resource management. These papers demonstrate the potency of combining resources across intra‐firm and inter‐firm boundaries in dynamic industries—pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, cellular, software, and engineering services. The effective pooling of resources is found to enhance business‐level strategy by mitigating uncertainty, laying the groundwork for formal relationships such as alliances, and improving product quality and new product development performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Walking capacity evaluated by the 6‐minute walk test in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Takeuchi Yu , Katsuno Masahisa , Banno Haruhiko , Suzuki Keisuke , Kawashima Motoshi , Atsuta Naoki , Ito Mizuki , Watanabe Hirohisa , Tanaka Fumiaki , Sobue Gen
Published: July 2008

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an adult‐onset motor neuron disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene. Because the progression of SBMA is slow, it is plausible to identify biomarkers that monitor disease course for therapeutic development. To verify whether the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) is a biomarker of SBMA, we performed the 6MWT in 35 genetically confirmed patients and in 29 age‐matched healthy controls. The walk distance covered within 6 min (6MWD) was significantly less in SBMA than it was in controls (323.3 ± 143.9 m and 637.6 ± 94.2 m, respectively; P < 0.001). In test–retest analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the 6MWD was high in SBMA patients (r = 0.982). In a 1‐year follow‐up the 6MWD significantly decreased at a rate of 11.3% per year. Our observations suggest that the 6MWT is a biomarker that can be used to monitor progression of motor impairment in SBMA. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Effect of Voids inside AP Particles on Burning Rate of AP/HTPB Composite Propellant
Authors: Kohga Makoto
Published: July 2008

Bubble contamination in an ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐based composite propellant has a positive effect on the burning rate. However, the quantitative effect of the bubble contamination on the burning rate has never been revealed. In order to clarify the relationship between the increase in the burning rate and the void fraction of the propellant, propellants were prepared with fine porous AP particles (PoAP) or fine hollow AP particles (HoAPs), and their burning rate characteristics were investigated. The voids inside AP particles have the effect of increasing the burning rate. The increase in the burning rate is enhanced linearly as the void fraction increases. The effect of the void fraction on the burning rate for a propellant containing PoAP is not identical with that for a propellant containing HoAP. It was found that the effect of the void fraction on the burning rate could be estimated by the void fraction when the bubble contamination is uniform in size and shape.