bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint Design of Altitude and Channel Statistics Based Energy Beamforming for UAV-Enabled Wireless Energy Transfer
Authors: Kang Jinho
Published: October 2024

In recent years, UAV-enabled wireless energy transfer (WET) has attracted significant attention for its ability to provide efficient and stable power for ground devices by flexibly navigating 3-dimensional (3-D) space and utilizing the favorable line-of-sight (LoS) channels. Meanwhile, energy beamforming utilizing multiple antennas has been touted as a key technology to substantially enhance the radio frequency (RF)-based WET efficiency by focusing energy beams towards devices in desirable directions. However, energy beamforming design for UAV-enabled WET systems has not been studied, despite its tremendous utility. In this paper, we propose a joint design of the UAV’s altitude and channel statistics based energy beamforming to minimize the overall charging time required for all energy havesting devices (EHDs) to meet their energy demands, while alleviating the additional resources and cost for channel estimation. Unlike previous works that considered only the LoS dominant channel without small-scale fading, we adopt a more general air-to-ground (A2G) Rician fading channel, where the LoS probability as well as the Rician factor depends on the UAV’s altitude. To tackle the highly non-convex and non-linear problem, we first examine a single EHD scenario in order to draw insights by deriving an optimal energy beamformihng in a closed-form, and then devise the efficient methods to jointly design the altitude and energy beamforming for a multiple EHDs scenario. Our numerical results exhibit that the proposed joint design considerably reduce the overall charging time, while benefiting from significantly lowering the computational complexity compared the conventional methods.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Reduction Effects Induced by Turbocharger Multiple Remanufacturing
Authors: Kim Da Yeon , Lee Jong Hyo , Hwang Yong Woo , Kim Young Ho , Kang Hong Yoon
Published: October 2024

In light of growing global supply chain instability and carbon neutrality initiatives, South Korea has highlighted the need for a circular economy to reduce its reliance on natural resources. As a critical strategy for promoting the circular economy, remanufacturing has become essential because of its ability to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. The automotive sector, which accounts for 80% of the remanufacturing industry, plays a critical role in these efforts. Turbochargers, primarily made of cast iron, represent approximately 20% of sales in the sector and are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, making them an important target for emission reduction. This study examined the greenhouse gas emissions associated with turbochargers across multiple remanufacturing cycles using the LCA method. The results indicated an approximate decrease of 50%, 48%, and 46%, based on the comparative analysis between brand-new products and those remanufacturing one-, two-, and three times. Comparing brand-new and remanufactured products does not fully capture the key advantage of remanufacturing. This advantage lies in its ability to extend the products life cycle by using core parts as primary raw materials and reducing the consumption of new resources. Therefore, it is important to consider the environmental impact of remanufacturing within an expanded process where brand-new products are included in the entire life cycle. Using this approach, the accumulated annual greenhouse gas reduction effect for multiple remanufacturing indicated decreases of approximately 25%, 32%, and 35% for remanufacturing one, two, and three times, respectively, compared to using only brand-new products. This study shows that multiple remanufacturing reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to the use of brand-new products. In particular, as remanufacturing is repeated, the product lifespan can be extended from three years to up to 12 years with a concomitant decrease in annual greenhouse gas emissions. These findings provide valuable data for modeling and encouraging the greenhouse gas reduction potential driven by remanufacturing across various industrial sectors.
Optimizing Green Supply Chain: A Hub Location Model Utilizing NSGAII and MOPSO Algorithms for Enhanced BTS Site Coverage in Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Babaei Salar , Khalaj Mehran , Keramatpour Mehdi , Enayati Ramin
Published: October 2024

Today, the facility location planning issue mainly belongs to the long-term operational and strategic level of large public and private organizations, and the significant costs associated with facility location, construction, and operation have turned location research into long-term decision-making. Presenting a hub location model for the green supply chain can address the current status of facilities and significantly improve demand coverage at an acceptable cost. Therefore, in this study, a network of facilities for hub location in the service site domain, considering existing and potential facilities under probable scenarios, has been proposed. After presenting the mathematical model, validation was performed on a small scale, followed by sensitivity analysis of the main parameters of the model. Furthermore, a metaheuristic algorithm was employed to analyze the NP-Hardness of the model. Additionally, to demonstrate the efficiency of the model, two metaheuristic algorithms, NSGAII and MOPSO, were developed. Based on the conducted analysis, it can be observed that the computational time increases exponentially with the size of sample problems, indicating the NP-Hardness of the problem. However, the NSGAII algorithm performs better in terms of computational time for medium-sized problems compared to the MOPSO algorithm.
Effects of DHEA and DHEAS in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Mayer Elena , Winkler Ira , Huber Eva , Urbanek Martina , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Griesmaier Elke , Posod Anna
Published: October 2024

Neonatal brain injury remains a significant issue with limited treatment options. The endogenous neurosteroids dehydroxyepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (DHEAS) have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in adult brain injury models due to their neuroprotective mechanisms. This study aimed to analyze the neuroprotective potential of DHEA and DHEAS with a particular interest in anti-oxidative properties in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Using the modified Rice-Vanucci model, brain injury was induced in 7-day-old mouse pups, followed by treatment with various concentrations of DHEA and DHEAS (0.1, 1, and 10 µg/g body weight) via intraperitoneal injection after a 2-hour recovery period. Mice were sacrificed after 24 hours for analysis of somatometry, brain injury, apoptosis, microglial activation, and oxidative stress markers (NOX2, 4-HNE, 8-OHdG), along with the anti-oxidant marker SOD1. No statistically significant effects of the treatments were observed at the tested doses and time points. Although this study did not conclusively demonstrate the anti-oxidative neuroprotective potential of DHEA or DHEAS, neither substance exhibited toxic or harmful effects. Several factors may have contributed to the lack of observable effects, underscoring the need for further refinement in future studies of DHEA(S) and other treatments of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Applications of Gravity Method to Map Groundwater Flow in the Ziway Langano Corridor, Central Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Tadesse Mesfin Wolde , Alemu Abera
Published: October 2024

In this study, gravity data were analyzed and interpreted to assess the ground water flow of Ziway Langano corridor. Gravity survey sets out to investigate the subsurface geology on the basis of anomalies causing gravity field to result from density properties of the subsurface rocks and also used in mapping geological boundaries between contrasting lithologies including (fractures and faults).The field data was qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted using geosoft oasis montaj software. The study area is located in the Central Main Ethiopian rift (CMER). The area ranges in elevation between 2150 and 1500 m above sea level. Geographically the Ziway- Langano corridor is bounded between 7045’N-800’N longitude and 38030’E- 39000’E latitude. In the present study, gravity data have been compiled, processed and interpreted to examine the subsurface geological structures and groundwater flow in the Ziway- Langano Corridor. Further, based on the results of gravity anomaly and profiles, this paper attempts to describe the tectonic and geologic implications of the stud yarea. The major rocks suspected to be found in the study area are volcanic ash, sediment deposit, rhyolite, ignimbrite, and basalt.
Ultrasound-enhanced Tumor Penetration of Carrier-free Nanodrugs for High-efficiency Chemo-photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiang Yun , Liang Shiyu , Wang Ping
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the chemo-photodynamic combinational therapy has become increasingly popular in treating breast cancer. However, the limited accumulation of nanodrugs into tumor (less than 1% of injected dose) extremely impacts therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the chemotherapeutic drug rhein (Rhe) were self-assembled to form a carrier-free nanodrug (RC NPs) with good stability and high drug loading rate. Ultrasound (US) irradiation was applied to increase the permeability of tumor blood vessels thus greatly enhance the drug accumulation of RC NPs in tumor tissues. After uptake by tumor cells, Ce6 could produce a sig-nificant amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to laser irradiation, while rhein could inhibit tumor cell proliferation and affect mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway, thus effectively realizing the combined effect of PDT and chemotherapy. Taken together, RC NPs have an enhanced EPR effect when exposed to US irradiation and exhibit better tumor suppression, which provides new insights into chemo-photodynamic combination treatment for clinical breast cancer.
Characterization and Severity Assessment of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-
CoV-2 (PASC)
Authors: Melwani Rohan , Noru Keerthana , Kondapalli Sanya , Ravi Ameya , Shah Saanvi , Setty Shreeya , Sastry Shashank , Jahanikia Sahar
Published: October 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has impacted the health of millions globally, with many individuals experiencing persistent symptoms even after testing negative, a condition known as Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or “Long COVID”. This study analyzes demographic influences on the severity and timeline of PASC symptoms, with emphasis on physiological and cognitive effects. Using a self-reporting survey method, data was collected from a sample of 110 participants (n=110) and analyzed using techniques such as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Pearson Correlation, and Two-Factor ANOVA Test. Based on the study, females generally reported higher severity for cognitive and physiological symptoms compared to males, and symptom severity was generally lower among vaccinated individuals. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between depression and cognitive impairments, underscoring the psychological impact of PASC. This study emphasizes the complexity of PASC, demonstrating how demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and vaccination status influence the severity and duration of symptoms, contributing to the growing understanding of PASC. Further research should consider SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific impacts and broader population samples.
Implementation of the AMORMS Diagnostic Tool (Asset Management Operational Reliability and Maintenance Survey) in Recycled Beverage Container Manufacturing Lines
Authors: Parra Carlos , Morán Carlos , Pizarro Félix , Duque Pablo , Aránguiz Andrés , González-Prida Vicente , Parra Jorge
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of a comprehensive maintenance and reliability management process can be assessed through an in-depth analysis of various factors that, collectively, represent the maintenance contribution to the operational and production processes of an industrial asset. There are no simple formulas for designing an integrated maintenance and reliability model within an asset management framework (in accordance with the ISO 55001 standard), nor are there fixed or universal rules that apply equally to all production assets over time. In light of this, the primary goal of this article is to provide an overview of the implementation project of the AMORMS (Asset Management, Operational Reliability Survey), based on the Mainte-nance Management Model (MMM) developed by INGEMAN, at the SINEA PERÚ plant, a leading company in Latin America specializing in the industrial production of recycled plastic containers for commercial beverages (PET preforms - Polyethylene Terephthalate). Lastly, the article outlines the recommendations and high-impact action plans that will support SINEA PERÚ in strengthening the efficiency of its maintenance and reliability management process-es, while effectively optimizing the value of its industrial assets throughout their life cycle.
Sustainable Consumption and Production of Food Nexus with Environmental Security: Assessing the State of Food Security in Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Sobia , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Akhtar Nadia , Hussain Alamdar , Nawaz Qurat-ul-Nain , Alam Nidma , Ali Attarad
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the current state of food security in Pakistan, focusing on the factors influencing the nation's ability to ensure a stable food supply. The analysis covers food production, distribution, accessibility, and stability, while also considering socioeconomic and environmental factors. The role of government regulations and international collaborations is explored in addressing food security challenges. Despite the critical importance of agricultural governance for sustainable food production and economic development, Pakistan's agricultural sector remains under prioritized, suffering from a lack of strategic vision and inconsistent government support. This neglect undermines efforts to achieve food security and stability. The study evaluates the alignment of Pakistan's National Food Security Policy (2018) with global, national, and provincial standards for sustainable agricultural management. A framework based on principles, criteria, and indicators (PCI) was developed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Forty-three indicators, eleven criteria, and one guiding principle across four dimensions were identified. Thirteen governance tools were assessed using a ratio scale (0–5), with results presented in a policy coherence matrix. The coherence index score of 2.14 indicates significant misalignment among regulatory instruments, highlighting gaps in addressing climate change, low-income food access, service management, and institutional capacity. The study reveals that many food policies in Pakistan are outdated and inconsistent, requiring revision to address local challenges and align with emerging international obligations. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of the current food security landscape in Pakistan, offering insights for more informed decision-making to build a resilient and sustainable food system.
Bi-LSTM-Based Model for Classifying Software Requirements
Authors: Abbas Jalil , Hu Zhuoxuan , Kanwal Saima , Ahmad Arshad , Almogren Ahmad , Altameem Ayman
Published: October 2024

In the domain of software engineering, the accurate and effective classification of requirements is of paramount importance. Proper classifications of these requirements enable developers to create robust and error-free software solution. Traditional methods of user requirements classification face the issue of the reliance on manual processes, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error. The limitations of traditional methods underscore the need for more automated, scalable, and robust approaches to user requirements classification in order to meet the demands of modern software development practices. To improve the classification process, we employed a Deep Learning (DL) methodology termed the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model to conduct feature extraction, after which we merged these feature vectors into ML classifiers. Our research methodology is structured around a five-step process. Initially, the textual input is tokenized and converted to lowercase. Subsequently, we eliminate all punctuation. The pre-processed text is then subjected to a Bi-LSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) model for feature vector extraction. After that, this feature vector is fed into different classifiers such as Medium KNN, Cubic KNN, Linear SVM, Quadratic SVM, and Cubic SVM and obtained an accuracy of around 99.60% to 99.80% on a publicly available dataset of requirements.
Using Weight Z-Score Differences Between Birth and Discharge (∆ Z-Score) to Compare and Monitor Nutritional Outcomes in Neonatal Units in Latin America Using the EpicLatino Database. Variables That Are Associated with Poor Growth
Authors: Hoyos Angela , Salas Ariel , Osiovich Horacio , Fajardo Carlos , Baez Martha , Monterrosa Luis , Villegas Alvarez Carolina , Aguinaga Fernando , Martinini Maria Ines
Published: October 2024

Introduction: There are no clear guidelines to support adequate nutrition and growth for our neonates. We have used the difference in weight Z-score medians between birth and discharge (∆ Z-score) to assess the nutritional outcomes in EpicLatino. The ∆ Z-score is often negative, accounting for the desirable fluid contraction at birth that sends the preterm baby usually between 0.5-1 weight Z-score point down the curve. From then on, most researchers accepted a healthy and safe growth parallel to the intrauterine rate. No consensus on the optimal timing for assessment or the ideal growth monitoring tool has been achieved, and an ongoing debate persists on the appropriate terminology to express poor postnatal growth.Methods: We analyzed data from the past 8 years (2015-2022) in surviving home to at least 34 weeks corrected age infants with ≤ 32 weeks gestational age at birth (GA). We conducted a series of statistical comparisons with variables that have been mentioned as potential causes of poor nutrition in the literature. We used the weight ∆ Z-score from birth to discharge as a surrogate for nutrition. We obtained the weight median and interquartile range (IQR) from all the EpicLatino units. We also calculated the correlation between weight ∆ Z-score and gestational age and head circumference (HC) at discharge.Results: There were 480 cases that meet the established criteria. Gestational age at birth, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), unit of origin, rupture of membranes (ROM) > 24 hours, temperature at admission, and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were significantly different. There was a negative correlation between ∆ Z-score and corrected gestational age at discharge. Head circumference at discharge also correlated with weight ∆ Z-score.Discussion: There is an important variability in the different units of origin. Also, when looking for risk factors, we confirmed that the characteristics of the study population are determinant to extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) at discharge. As is known, these associations do not establish causality, some of these variables may identify the challenge of nourishing a sick or very small preterm infant, but the unit of origin variable identifies nutrition policies and practices that can be modified through a quality improvement program.
Development of an Open-Source System for a Bone Age X-ray Language for Unaccompanied Foreign Minors
Authors: Barrios Lorenzo Marcos Jesús , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel , Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , León Coromoto
Published: October 2024

Bone age assessment is essential for evaluating skeletal maturity, especially in cases where chronological age is uncertain, such as in unaccompanied foreign minors. Traditional methods, such as the Greulich-Pyle atlas and the Tanner-Whitehouse system, while effective, often result in variability due to manual interpretation and are not fully adapted to ethnically diverse populations. Although automated systems are available, they are typically proprietary, expensive, and require programming expertise, which limits their accessibility. This paper introduces an open-source domain-specific language specifically designed for bone age estimation, offering a balance between flexibility and ease of use. The system provides a straightforward, user-friendly syntax, allowing healthcare professionals without programming knowledge to perform accurate bone age assessments. It integrates well-established bone age methodologies, such as the Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse systems, ensuring flexibility in its application. The system is developed using a test-driven development approach, which guarantees both accuracy and reproducibility in bone age assessments. By offering a customizable, open-source solution, this system reduces costs and eliminates the reliance on proprietary software. Its ability to simplify the bone age estimation process makes it a valuable tool in clinical and forensic settings, particularly for professionals involved in the assessment of unaccompanied foreign minors and other populations where accurate bone age determination is crucial.
CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript): A New Identified Intrafollicular Mediator in Ovulation Induction Protocols
Authors: Voros Charalampos , Mavrogianni Despoina , Stavros Sofoklis , Papamentzelopoulou Myrto , Dimitroulia Evangelia , Doumplis Dimitrios , Mathiopoulos Dimitris , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the relationship between cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression, leptin, and hormone profiles (progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, FSH, and hCG) across four ovulation induction protocols (HMG, HMG/hCG, rFSH, and rFSH/hCG), as well as the association between FSH receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn polymorphisms, CART expression, and IVF outcomes. Data were acquired from 94 women who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The outcomes showed no significant variations in BMI between the four stimulation protocols (p-values ranged from 0.244 to 0.909). CART expression had no significant correlation with hormone levels in the entire cohort (progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, FSH, hCG, and estradiol; p > 0.05). However, CART levels were shown to be adversely linked with the number of follicles >12 mm (r = -0.251, p = 0.018), total oocytes (r = -0.247, p = 0.019), and oocyte maturity (r = -0.212, p = 0.048). A significant negative association was also revealed between CART expression and the thyroid hormone T3 (r = -0.319, p = 0.048). In terms of FSHR polymorphisms, the SER/SER genotype was linked to greater CART levels (mean 4.198 ± 2.257) than the SER/ASN and ASN/ASN groups (p = 0.031). These data indicate that CART expression and FSHR polymorphisms may affect ovarian response and oocyte quality in IVF patients.
“Qi-Invigoration” Action of Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharide Through Altering Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
Authors: He Li , Zhang Letian , Li Xingtai , He Haocheng , Fu Guoan , Zhu Yi Zhun , Hu Wei , Gong Liang , Zhang Youming
Published: October 2024

Background: Codonopsis pilosula (CP) is one of the most popular Qi-invigorating herbal medicines and has been extensively used to promote health and vitality in China for a long time. C. pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) is the principal active components of CP, which is considered as the reason for CP widespread application. However, there are not revealed that CPP exert a Qi-invigoration effect by protecting mitochondria and/or improving mitochondrial function in the existing traditional Chinese medicine theories. Methods: Herein, we extracted CPP from C. pilosula and investigated the effects of CPP on energy metabolism and mitochondrial protection. Based on the mice chronic hypoxia model for imitating the “Qi” deficiency state of the human body in traditional Chinese medicine, which was administered with CPP by oral gavage daily for 10 days, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain, mitochondrial respiratory function, the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in liver cells were assayed. Adenylate energy charge (AEC), total adenylate pool (TAP), ATP/ADP, and ATP/AMP ratios were calculated. Results: CPP could inhibit the formation of MDA in mice brains, decrease oxygen consuming rate and respiratory control ratio (RCR) of liver mitochondria, increase levels of ATP, TAP and AEC in liver cells under chronic hypoxia condition. Conclusion: Overall, CPP can invigorate “Qi” by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and bioenergetic levels.
Development of Whole-Grain Rice Lines Exhibiting Low and Intermediate Glycemic Index with Decreased Amylose Content
Authors: Ruengphayak Siriphat , Chaichoompu Ekawat , Wattanavanitchakorn Siriluck , Wansuksri Rungtiwa , Yonkoksung Usa , Suklaew Phim On , Chotineeranat Sunee , Raungrusmee Sujitta , Vanavichit Apichart , Toojinda Theerayut , Kamolsukyeunyong Wintai
Published: October 2024

The demand for rice varieties with lower amylose content (AC) is increasing in Southeast Asia, primarily due to their desirable texture and cooking qualities. This study presents the development of whole-grain rice lines with low to intermediate glycemic index (GI) and reduced AC. We selected six rice lines for in vivo GI assessment based on their starch properties. We successfully identified two lines with low AC that exhibited low and intermediate GI values, respectively. Our findings indicate that dietary fiber (DF) content may significantly influence rice GI. The selected whole-grain low-GI line showed a higher ratio of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) to insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) compared to control varieties, highlighting SDF's potential positive role in lowering whole-grain rice's GI. This study underscores the feasibility of developing rice varieties with desirable agronomic traits, nutritional traits, and culinary attributes, particularly for individuals managing their blood sugar levels. Additionally, we proposed the positive role of starch composition, especially DF content, in modulating the GI of rice. This study reinforces the importance of incorporating starch properties and DF content into rice breeding programs to produce more health-oriented and marketable rice varieties.
DecoStrat: Leveraging the Capabilities of Language Models in D2T Generation via Decoding Framework
Authors: Jimale Elias Lemuye , Wenyu Chen , Al-antari Mugahed A. , Gu Yeong Hyeon , Agbesi Victor Kwaku , Feroze Wasif
Published: October 2024

Current language models have achieved remarkable success in NLP tasks. Nonetheless, individual decoding methods face difficulties in realizing the immense potential of these models. The challenge is primarily due to the lack of a decoding framework that can integrate language models and decoding methods. We introduce the DecoStrat which bridges the gap between language modeling and the decoding process in D2T generation. By leveraging language models, DecoStrat facilitates the exploration of alternative decoding methods tailored to specific tasks. We fine-tune the model on the MultiWOZ dataset to meet task-specific requirements and employ it to generate output(s) through multiple interactive modules of the framework. The Director module orchestrates the decoding processes, engaging the Generator to produce output(s) text based on the selected decoding method and input data. The Manager module enforces a selection strategy, integrating Ranker and Selector to identify the optimal result. Evaluations on the stated dataset show that DecoStrat effectively produces diverse and accurate output, with MBR variants consistently outperforming other methods. DecoStrat with the T5-small model surpasses some baseline. Generally, the findings highlight DecoStrat's potential for optimizing decoding methods in diverse real-world applications.
Numerical Investigation of Two-phase Evaporative Spray Cooling Technology for Data Centre Applications
Authors: Gao Ning , Ali Syed Mughees , Persoons Tim
Published: October 2024

Two-phase evaporative spray cooling technology can significantly reduce power consumption in data centre cooling applications. However, the literature lacks an established methodology for assessing the overall performance of such evaporation systems. The current study develops a Lagrangian-Eulerian computational fluid dynamics modelling approach to examine the functionality of these two-phase evaporative spray cooling systems. To replicate a modular system, a hollow spray cone nozzle with Rosin-Rammler droplet size distribution is simulated in a turbulent convective natural-air environment. The model was validated against the available experimental data from the literature. A new formulation for the coefficient of performance (COP) is derived to assess the performance of the system. Parametric studies of geometric, flow and climate parameters, namely, domain length, droplet size, water mass flow rate, temperature, and humidity were performed with a specific focus on the climatic conditions in Dublin, Ireland. The findings indicate that at elevated temperatures and low humidity, evaporation results in a bulk temperature reduction of up to 12℃. The efficiency of the evaporation system showed a systematic improvement with a reduction in the droplet size and the mass flow rate. A close to 100 % evaporation rate was achieved in comparison to only a 1 % evaporation rate when the spray Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is reduced to 8-15 μm from 292 μm. It was concluded that the utilization of a fine droplet spray nozzle provides an effective solution for the reduction in water consumption (97 % in our case) for data centres, whilst concomitantly augmenting the proportion of evaporation.
Lactate to Albumin Ratio and Mortality in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Routsi Christina , Kokkoris Stelios , Gkoufa Aikaterini , Katsaros Dimitrios , Karageorgiou Stavros , Kavalieratos Fotios , Tsilivarakis Dimitrios , Dimopoulou Georgia , Theodorou Evangelia , Eleftheria Mizi , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna
Published: October 2024

Aim: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of lactate/albumin ratio for ICU mortality prediction in a large cohort of patients with severe Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data derived from the COVID-19 dataset for all critically ill patients admitted to an academic ICU. Data were used to determine the relation between lactate/albumin ratio and other laboratory parameters measured on the first day of ICU stay and to evaluate the prognostic performance for ICU mortality prediction. Results: A total of 805 ICU patients were included, the median age (IQR) was 67 (57-76) years, with 68% being male. ICU mortality was 48% and the median lactate/albumin ratio was 0.53 (0.39-0.59). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher lactate/albumin ratio values had significantly lower survival rates (Log Rank p<0.001). A multivariable analysis revealed that the lactate/albumin ratio was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.39 (CI: 1.27-1.52). Lactate/albumin ratio showed a receiver-operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC-AUC) value to predict ICU mortality significantly higher than that of lactate alone (0.71 vs 0.68, DeLong test p<0.001). The optimal lactate/albumin ratio cut-off for predicting ICU mortality was 0.57, with 63% sensitivity and 73% specificity. Subgroup analysis revealed that lactate/albumin ratio was significantly associated with mortality across different patient groups, including age and sex categories, and those with or without hypertension and coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Lactate/albumin ratio is a reliable prognostic marker in critically ill COVID-19 patients and could predict ICU mortality more accurately than lactate alone.
Testing Activities in Tourist-Residents Social Contact. Measures for more Socially Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Amir Shojai , Moosavi Seyed Amir Elyas
Published: October 2024

The actual types of activities which foster social contact between the tourist-resident and their impact on tourists' or residents' perceptions have received less attention. This study addresses this critical topic by assessing tourists’ impression on the locals through examination of a tourist-resident social contact axis proposed by the authors from a selection of frequent tourist activities. The goal is to evaluate the nature and frequency of tourists’ activities and their impact on their 'image' through five contact scenarios as constructs of social contact. An empirical survey-based study in Kashan, and data from the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews from 165 travelers, we assumed that travelers' experience is heavily influenced by sociocultural practices of wayfinding, eating, shopping, and contact with locals. The results indicate a strong tendency among travelers to communicate directly with the locals on all constructs of their travel behavior. There is also a mutual reflection on behavior and manner.
The Entropy Law and the Sustainability of a Living Planet
Authors: Wang Lin-shu
Published: October 2024

An urgent issue that mankind faces is energy transition, the shift away from fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption required for both biological survival and economic production. Energy is a conserved quantity, so we’ll never run out of energy that the mission of the energy transition is the search for a sustainable supply of free energy, the conceptual centerpiece of thermodynamics. The orthodox version of thermodynamics is referred to as energy physics, which is undergirded by the dual foundations of free energy, the concept, and the conversion doctrine of free energy. While free energy dissipates continuously and spontaneously, it is the conversion doctrine that infers the tenet of “a continuous and irrevocable qualitative degradation of free into bound energy.” Free energy consumption is the cause of our energy problem, but the “irrevocable degradation of free energy” has led us astray in framing the energy problem as well as searching for its solution. Two previous papers proposed a new theoretical system, Unified Classical Thermodynamics (UCT), defined by rejecting the conversion doctrine of energy physics. This paper, the third of the trilogy, focuses on the real rationale behind rejecting the conversion doctrine: with the doctrine as the core of the conceptual foundation of energy physics, the conceptual foundation precludes energy physics from carrying out its theory-development based on its methodological foundation, conceptual differentiation. UCT is thus identified to be a theoretical system erected on a new cornerstone with dual foundations, both conceptual (entropic) and methodological (differentiation)—on which we can investigate the sustainability of a WHOLE system keeping the WHOLE planetary system, as well as individual organisms and economic units, far from equilibrium.
Origin of Life: A Symmetry-Breaking Physical Phase Transition
Authors: Feistel Rainer
Published: October 2024

The origin of life has previously been subject to numerous studies and hypotheses. Typically, related models focus on the emergence of chemical networks such as the RNA world or the Krebs energy cycle. Here, the onset of life is described as a symmetry-breaking kinetic phase transition of the II. kind. The novel symmetry of life is the arbitrariness of code that is fundamental to symbolic information processing, coining all forms of life from the very beginning. Symbols evolved from non-symbolic, structural information of the inanimate physical world. The responsible transition process had been discovered a century ago in behavioural biology, regarded as 'ritualisation'. Physical properties of this transition include neutral Lyapunov stability and critical fluctuations of the associated Goldstone modes. As a conceptual model, a hypothetical simple molecular ritualisation process is suggested, along with the emergent semiotics of symbolic information processing.
The Transcription Factor StuA Regulates Oxidative Stress-Responsive Genes in Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Fazolin Petrucelli Monise , Martins-Santana Leonardo , Oliveira Vanderci M. , Sanches Pablo R. , Rossi Antonio , Martinez-Rossi Nilce M.
Published: October 2024

Fungi can remarkably sense and adapt to various extracellular stimuli and stress conditions. Oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses, leads to cellular damage and death. In Trichophyton rubrum, oxidative stress is managed by a complex antioxidant system including thioredoxins, glutathione, catalases, peroxidases, and superoxide dismutase, with glutathione playing a crucial role. The fungus also responds to oxidative stress through critical pathways such as the glycerol high osmolarity pathway, activator protein 1 transcription factor, and responsive regulator SKN7. To better understand the role of the transcription factor StuA in regulating oxidative stress-related genes within these pathways, we conducted gene expression studies in ΔstuA mutant and wild-type strains of T. rubrum cultivated in keratin and under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Our results revealed significant downregulation of essential antioxidant genes, including glutathione transferases and catalases, in the ΔstuA mutant. Moreover, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities were impaired in the mutants under stress conditions, highlighting the impact of this mutation. These findings underscore the critical role of StuA in the oxidative stress response and fungal pathogenesis and provide new insights into T. rubrum's adaptive mechanisms.
Mobile Phone-Mediated Interventions to Improve Adherence to Prescribed Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease : A Systematic Review
Authors: Paleo Andrea , Carretta Catalina , Pinto Francisca , Saltori Estefanno , Aroca Joaquín González , Puelles Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder that poses significant challenges in treatment adherence. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions compared to conventional therapy in improving treatment adherence among COPD patients. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials and comparative cohort studies were included, all investigating the impact of mHealth interventions, such as medication reminders and remote monitoring, in adult COPD patients. Studies with participants under 18 years of age or those with severe comorbidities were excluded. The review identified 4,688 records through comprehensive searches in databases including MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS. Of these, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that mHealth interventions improved treatment adherence in some studies, particularly in exercise and symptom monitoring . However, the evidence was inconsistent, and variations in outcomes were reported across different studies. The review concludes that while mHealth interventions show potential in enhancing treatment adherence in COPD patients, further high-quality research with larger sample sizes is required to confirm these findings and support the integration of mHealth into clinical practice. The need for more robust study designs is also emphasized to address current limitations in evidence.
Severe Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Pediatric Age: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Garbo Valeria , Venuti Laura , Boncori Giovanni , Albano Chiara , Condemi Anna , Natoli Giuseppe , Frasca Polara Valentina , Billone Sebastiano , Canduscio Laura Antonella , Cascio Antonio , Colomba Claudia
Published: October 2024

Background: Infections caused by S. aureus strains encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL-SA) have become increasingly relevant in community settings and can cause severe conditions in pediatric populations. We present a pediatric case of invasive disease caused by PVL-SA and provide a literature review of severe manifestations caused by these strains in children. Methods: A PubMed search (February 2024) evidenced studies that included relevant clinical outcomes, diagnostics, and treatments, excluding cases of asymptomatic infection or adult populations. Logistical multivariate analysis was used to find predictors of the need for intensive care. Results: A 10-year-old boy came to the attention of our Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit with fever, chest pain, and tachypnea. A rapid worsening of his clinical conditions was observed, with the development of necrotizing pneumonia, osteomyelitis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and multiple abscesses. Blood cultures confirmed the presence of PVL-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The initial treatment included linezolid and ceftaroline and was later adjusted to clindamycin, daptomycin, and fosfomycin, with clinical improvement. Discussion: Our review collected 36 articles, including 156 pediatric cases of severe PVL-SA infection. Bacteremia was present in 49% of cases, lung infection in 47%, and osteomyelitis in 37%. The presence of pulmonary localization was predictive of the need for intensive care, O.R. 25.35 (7.46 - 86.09; p<0.001). Anti-toxin molecules were used in about half the cases where information on treatment was reported. Our report highlights the capacity of PVL-SA to cause life-threatening complications in children, while also discussing the full range of its clinical spectrum and the most effective therapeutic approaches.
Mlas: Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predicting Abiotic Stress-Responsive Genes in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: You Xiong , Shu Yiting , Ni Xingcheng , Lv Hengmin , Luo Jian , Tao Jianping , Bai Guanghui , Feng Shusu
Published: October 2024

In the information society, challenges posed by climate change and population growth have rendered the development of crop varieties with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and improved nutritional value a prime objective in agricultural advancement. Chinese cabbage, recognized for its significant economic benefits, not only supplements the human body with vitamin C and vitamin E but also plays a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, its growth and development are adversely affected by various abiotic stresses, including waterlogging and temperature fluctuations. Consequently, the identification of abiotic stress-responsive genes (SRGs) in Chinese cabbage is of paramount importance for enhancing its resilience. While transcriptome analysis is a reliable approach for identifying stress-related genes, it is inherently species-specific and can be time-consuming. In this study, we proposed a computational model utilizing machine learning techniques to predict genes in Chinese cabbage that respond to four specific abiotic stresses: cold, heat, drought, and salt. To construct this model, we compiled data from relevant studies regarding the response to these abiotic stresses, and the protein sequences encoded by abiotic SRGs were converted into numerical representations for subsequent analysis. For the selected feature set, we employed six distinct machine learning binary classification algorithms. The results demonstrate that various models can effectively predict SRGs associated with the four types of abiotic stresses, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) for the models being 81.42%, 87.92%, 80.85%, and 88.87%, respectively. Furthermore, we have established an online prediction server, named MLAS (http://47.122.66.48:4433), designed to predict the response genes of Chinese cabbage under the aforementioned abiotic stresses. The computational model and the prediction tool developed in this study can serve as valuable resources for the identification of abiotic SRGs in Chinese cabbage.
MARKETING STRATEGIES AS A MEANS TO ENHANCE EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS
Authors: Kosenko O. , Klimov M.
Published: October 2024

This article examines how marketing strategies impact educational innovations, using a project at the Kharkiv Art College as an example. The project integrates engineering and art education to expand student horizons through microgreen cultivation. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, the attitudes of students and educators towards innovations were explored. Results show that marketing strategies and an interdisciplinary approach increase student engagement. Assessing strategy effectiveness through awareness and satisfaction, the study highlights the importance of a strategic approach to enrich education and create a creative environment.
Pengaruh Destination Image, Perceived Value, Service Quality terhadap Visitor Satisfaction dan Revisit Intention pada Taman Ismail Marzuki
Authors: Monic Havifa
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of destination image, perceived value and service quality on tourist interest and tourist intention to revisit Taman Ismail Marzuki. This study uses SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) for quantification. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The sample characteristics of this study are people aged 17-35 years who visited Taman Ismail Marzuki located in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software and AMOS version 26 and the sample selected to test all variables was 228 participants. The results showed that destination image has no significant effect on tourist satisfaction. Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on guest satisfaction. Good service is very useful and helpful for tourists. Visual location has a positive effect on repeat visits. The results found no significant effect on revisit intention. Service quality has no significant effect on repeat visits, while tourist satisfaction has a positive effect on repeat visits.
Keyword: Destination Image, Perceived Value, Service Quality, Visitor Satisfaction, Revisit Intention
Influence of fines content on the progression of backward erosion piping
Authors: Lucker Samantha , Robbins Bryant
Published: October 2024

Backward erosion piping is a form of internal erosion that endangers the structural stability of levees and dams. Understanding the factors that influence this form of erosion can result in improved risk assessment and more appropriate modifications to new and existing structures. Historically, it has been assumed that the presence of silt size particles would reduce the gradient required for erosion. This study investigated the influence of fines content on backward erosion piping through a series of laboratory experiments on silty sands. Laboratory results show that as the fines content increased in the samples, so too did the gradient required to produce and progress piping to failure. The results indicate that a new factor is needed to properly account for silt content in backward erosion piping (BEP) risk assessment of silty sands.