bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Against COVID-19 Infection: Observational, Nationwide, and Multicenter Study
Authors: Qin Rundong , Feng Yan , Zhang Huanping , Zhao Beibei , Lei Wei , Sun Hongying , Zhi Lili , Zheng Zhongsheng , Wang Siqin , Yu Yafeng , Jiang Shengxue , Liu Changshan , Ma Xingkai , Ma Hui , Wang Huiying , Lin Hang , He Qiaojie , Wu Lingying , Zhai Yingying , Lu Honglue , Chen Shi , Ma Yan , Jin Xiaohong , Deng Shan , Zhong Nanshan , Chen Ruchong , Li Jing
Published: October 2024

Background

Allergic diseases are associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Although allergen immunotherapy (AIT) alters the course of allergies, there is limited evidence from clinical practice demonstrating its ability to enhance the host defense against pathogens.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AIT against viral infection in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AS) based on clinical evidence.

Methods

A multicenter, questionnaire-based survey was conducted during a tremendous surge in COVID-19 cases between February 10, 2023, and March 15, 2023, in 81 centers across China recruiting healthy volunteers and patients with AR and AS to investigate the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection.

Results

Of 10,151 participants recruited in the survey, 3654 patients and 2192 healthy volunteers who tested positive for COVID-19 were included in this analysis after screening. Overall, no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes were observed between patients and healthy volunteers. An additional 451 patients were excluded due to their use of biologics as the sole add-on treatment, leaving 3203 patients in the further analysis. Of them, 1752 were undergoing routine medication treatment (RMT; the RMT group), whereas 1057 and 394 were receiving AIT and a combination of AIT and omalizumab (OMA) as adjunct therapies to RMT, respectively (AIT+RMT and AIT+OMA+RMT groups). The AIT group showed milder COVID-19 symptoms, shorter recovery periods, and a lower likelihood of hospitalization or emergency department visits than the RMT group (all P<.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, including demographic characteristics and COVID-19 vaccination, AIT remained a significant protective factor associated with shorter recovery time (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.52‐0.75; adjusted P<.001) and a lower incidence of hospitalization or emergency department visits (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54‐0.98; adjusted P=.03). Furthermore, the AIT+OMA+RMT group showed greater protection with a shorter recovery time (adjusted OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34‐0.74; adjusted P<.001) than the AIT+RMT group.

Conclusions

Our multicenter observational study provides valuable clinical evidence supporting the protective effect of AIT against COVID-19 infection in patients with AR and AS.
The Effects of Electronic Health Records on Medical Error Reduction: Extension of the DeLone and McLean Information System Success Model
Authors: Chimbo Bester , Motsi Lovemore
Published: October 2024

Background

Medical errors are becoming a major problem for health care providers and those who design health policies. These errors cause patients’ illnesses to worsen over time and can make recovery impossible. For the benefit of patients and the welfare of health care providers, a decrease in these errors is required to maintain safe, high-quality patient care.

Objective

This study aimed to improve the ability of health care professionals to diagnose diseases and reduce medical errors.

Methods

Data collection was performed at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital using convenience sampling. In total, 300 health care professionals were given a self-administered questionnaire, including doctors, dentists, pharmacists, physiologists, and nurses. To test the study hypotheses, multiple linear regression was used to evaluate empirical data.

Results

In the sample of 300 health care professionals, no significant correlation was found between medical error reduction (MER) and knowledge quality (KQ) (β=.043, P=.48). A nonsignificant negative relationship existed between MER and information quality (IQ) (β=–.080, P=.19). However, a significant positive relationship was observed between MER and electronic health records (EHR; β=.125, 95% CI 0.005-0.245, P=.042).

Conclusions

Increasing patient access to medical records for health care professionals may significantly improve patient health and well-being. The effectiveness of health care organizations’ operations can also be increased through better health information systems. To lower medical errors and enhance patient outcomes, policy makers should provide financing and support for EHR adoption as a top priority. Health care administrators should also concentrate on providing staff with the training they need to operate these systems efficiently. Empirical surveys in other public and private hospitals can be used to further test the validated survey instrument.
Research on Promoting the Spirit of Scientists among Normal University Students under the Background of New Liberal Arts—A Case Study of Educational Technology
Authors: Yue Sun
Published: October 2024

The spirit of scientists is the precious spiritual wealth accumulated by scientific and technological workers in the long-term scientific practice, and it is an important driving force to promote national development and progress. Normal university students are the promising youth who forge ahead and also are the future educators, who are responsible for the inheritance and dissemination of knowledge and spiritual civilization. Only by cultivating the spirit of scientists can normal university students promote the spirit of scientists better, which is profit for the younger generation to cultivate patriotic feelings and strengthen patriotic belief. It is also profit for cultivating the innovative and practical consciousness and gathering strength of enriching the people and strengthening the country. Moreover, it is profit for stimulating the spirit of dedication and coordination of the students, gathering strength for realizing the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. Only in this way can the spiritual connotation of scientists be sown more deeply and widely in people’s hearts. The new liberal arts initiates that colleges and universities should break barriers between disciplines, deepen interdisciplinary integration, and integrate into modern educational technology. Normal colleges and universities should strengthen science education, improve the scientific literacy of normal university students constantly, promote the spirit of scientists throughout the whole process of education. They can break barriers between disciplines in the context of new liberal arts, so that normal university students establish ideals and beliefs, strengthen their convictions, and promote the spirit of scientists better. Educational technology, as a normal major, is an emerging discipline that integrates contemporary educational science and information technology science. It contains both theory and technology and aims to improve learners’ information technology literacy and scientific literacy. Advanced information technology is not only an important factor to promote the further development of humanities and social sciences, but also an important tool of spreading the spirit of scientists. Similarly, the development of educational technology disciplines requires the support of the new liberal arts to avoid falling into the misunderstandings of technology-only theory and application-only theory. This paper takes educational technology, which is a typical interdisciplinary subject of arts and sciences, as an example to explore the path of integrating the spirit of scientists into normal university students’ spiritual blood under the background of new liberal arts.
Dignidad y culturas
Authors: Muñoz Oliveira Luis , Camacho Beltrán Enrique , Mayans Hermida Itzel , Anchondo Pavón Sandra , Loera González Juan Jaime , de Haro Romo Martha
Published: October 2024

Dignidad y culturas, discute y demuestra que el debate contemporáneo entre los temas de la dignidad y los derechos humanos están más vigentes que nunca. La persistencia recurrente de la dignidad en la discusión de la diversidad cultural, nos permite tener una noción más apropiada y rica para abordar la justicia entre humanos. Esto, incluso sobre otras nociones familiares como la de autonomía, que para algunas personas agota el debate ético político.
Perfusion computer tomography of the kidneys. Research technique. Perfusion indicators in the norm: case-control
Authors: Belikova M. Ya. , Maltseva M. A.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is a contrast research technique that allows one to assess blood flow in the cortical and medulla layers of the renal parenchyma at the level of the microcirculatory bed, the influence of additional renal vessels and stenoses of the renal arteries on hemodynamics in the renal parenchyma.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the technique of perfusion computed tomography of the kidneys. Determine the most informative indicators of perfusion in the renal parenchyma in the norm. Assess the relationship between perfusion parameters and the number of renal vessels, the presence of renal artery stenosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCT was performed in 46 patients with no anamnestic and clinical laboratory data on kidney disease who were undergoing examination for other pathological conditions, including 35 patients aged from 20 to 90 years (average age — 63.1 years) without hemodynamically significant stenosis and 11 patients aged from 64 to 94 years (mean age 80.3 years) with renal artery stenosis of 50% or higher. Perfusion indices were calculated using maximum slope and deconvolution algorithms, kinetic curves were plotted on a time-density graph, and color parametric maps.

RESULTS: A quantitative assessment of perfusion parameters in the cortical and medulla of the kidneys, a qualitative analysis of the state of its parenchyma on color parametric maps, and the shapes of kinetic curves on the time-density graph were analyzed. Changes in perfusion parameters were established depending on the age, number and condition of the renal vessels.

DISCUSSION: In the renal cortical layer, there was a predominance of indicators of blood flow velocity (BF), blood flow volume (BV), the rate of increase in the density of the contrast agent (CM) in the tissue (MSI), capillary wall permeability (PS) and lower values of the average transit time of the contrast agent (MTT) and the time to reach the maximum contrast agent density in the tissue (TTP) in comparison with the medulla. On the color parametric maps BF, BV, MSI, the cortical layer was characterized by intense red coloring, the medulla — yellow-green, on the TTP map green and blue coloring of the layers was determined, respectively. In elderly patients, there was a decrease in BF, BV with a concomitant lengthening of TTP in the cortical layer without changes in coloring on color parametric maps. On the density-time graph, the kinetic curve of the cortical layer was characterized by the appearance of a peak 10 seconds after the onset of the peak value in the abdominal aorta with further continuation of the curve in the form of a plateau; the kinetic curve of the medulla was characterized by a gradual moderate rise in the curve from 15 seconds after the start of scanning without the formation of peaks values.

CONCLUSION: PCT is an informative method for quantitative and qualitative assessment of perfusion in the renal parenchyma.
Performing magnetic resonance imaging in patients with gunshot wounds: a guide for radiologists
Authors: Vasilev Yu. A. , Semenov D. S. , Petraikin A. V. , Vasileva Yu. N. , Ulyanova V. A. , Abdel-Kerim Sh. R. , Petrova N. B. , Smorchkova A. K. , Sharova D. E.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with metallic foreign bodies is an important aspect that has been the subject of many scientific papers and guidelines. The issue of MRI in patients with implanted medical devices is well researched. However, for gunshot wounds, there are no clear guidelines for practitioners, and most recommendations are to refuse to perform the study if there is the slightest doubt about its safety.

OBJECTIVE: To systematize information on the safety and quality of MRI in patients with gunshot wounds and to develop practical guidelines for radiologists.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed and summarized the main domestic and foreign recommendations for ensuring safety during MRI, generally accepted classifications and mechanisms of gunshot wounds.

RESULTS: A review of physical risk factors in MRI, their causes, and recommendations for their minimization is presented. The influence of metallic objects on the appearance of artefacts on MRI images is considered. The algorithm of decision making on the safety of MRI in a patient with a bullet or shotgun wound is given. Two clinical observations are presented to illustrate the application of this algorithm.

CONCLUSION: Performing MRI in gunshot wounds is feasible but requires careful analysis of the risks and the importance of diagnostic information. Interviewing the patient in these situations is often uninformative, so radiography or CT are the methods of choice for detection of metallic foreign bodies. To minimize the risks of MRI, a scan protocol should be prepared in advance and the patient should be monitored after each pulse sequence.
Pencegahan Stunting melalui Parenting Class di Desa Sambi
Authors: Daar Gabriel Fredi , Dewi Claudia Fariday , Janggu Jayanti Petronela
Published: October 2024

Kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman orang tua tentang cara mendidik, merawat, dan memberikan makanan bergizi kepada anak pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan berdampak pada ketidakmampuan orang tua dalam memberikan pendidikan dan pengasuhan yang positif. Hal ini menyebabkan anak tidak tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal bahkan menderita stunting. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah ruang pemahaman orang tua tentang pendidikan dan pengasuhan anak pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan di desa Sambi, yang diharapkan berkontribusi dalam menurunkan angka stunting. Kegiatan dilakukan melalui parenting class kepada wanita usia subur, wanita hamil dan orang tua yang memiliki anak usia PAUD. Penelitian pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dialog dan sharing praktik baik. Berdasarkan evaluasi lisan, hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa hampir semua orang tua siswa beranggapan faktor gizi merupakan satu-satunya faktor penyebab stunting pada anak di desa Sambi. Anggapan ini memperkuat kebiasaan menerapkan pola asuh negatif pada anak dan kebiasaan tidak memperhatikan pendidikan dan pengasuhan anak. Berdasarkan pengakuan orang tua, pengetahuan tentang pendidikan dan pengasuhan positif bagi anak merupakan informasi baru yang membantu mereka untuk memberikan pendidikan dan pengasuhan yang tepat sehingga anak mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang ideal sesuai dengan usianya. Pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pengasuhan positif kepada anak pada usia 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dan pada usia Paud secara konsisten, akan berkontribusi pada penurunan angka stunting di Sambi, NTT.
Peningkatan Keberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Desa Wisata Medewi Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali
Authors: Sulasmini Made Ayu , Pranatayana Ida Bagus Gde , Febianti  , Nirmalasari Ni Luh Putu Intan , Barut Gabriela Stevani , Wati Ida Ayu Kade Cintia
Published: October 2024

Desa wisata adalah salah satu dari program pemerintah dalam rangka mengembangkan pariwisata Indonesia menjadi unggul. Desa Medewi merupakan salah satu desa wisata di Bali bagian barat yang telah didikenal sebagai lokasi surfing internasional. Desa Medewi juga memiliki berbagai potensi antara lain wisata alam berupa sungai, persawahan serta potensi wisata budaya.  Namun, potensi tersebut belum dikelola dengan baik sebab masyarakat belum memiliki kemampuan dan kapasitas yang memadai dalam mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki. Maka dari itu tujuan penelitian pengabdian ini adalah melaksanakan pelatihan di Desa Medewi agar masyarakat setempat dapat melakukan inovasi dan menumbuhkan kreativitas dalam mengembangkan Desa Wisata Medewi. Penelitian pengabdian ini menggunakan 3 tahap yang terdiri dari tahap survei, pengumpulan data, dan pelatihan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah masyarakat lokal desa Madewi. Pelatihan yang diberikan antara lain etika memandu wisata, pembuatan paket, pelatihan pemasaran, pembinaan pokdarwis dan pengelolaan event. Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat mendapatkan pengetahuan dan nilai tambah akan kegiatan wisata yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mengelola potensi wisata yang ada di Desa Medewi.
Guest editorial: Explainable and trustworthy methods for next-generation artificial intelligence for reasonable data size
Authors: Zhang Dalin , Lukovic Ivan
Published: October 2024

nema
Guest editorial: Selected papers from the European conference on advances in databases and information systems
Authors: Bugiotti Francesca , Gamper Johann , Vargas-Solar Genoveva , Zumpano Ester
Published: October 2024

nema
Designing and managing protected and conserved areas to support inland water ecosystems and biodiversity
Authors: Moberg T. , Abell R. , Dudley N. , Harrison I. , Kang S. , Rocha Loures F. , Shahbol N. , Thieme M. , Timmins H.
Published: October 2024

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are sites outside protected areas that deliver effective and long-term in situ conservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation may be the primary objective of the site, a secondary objective of a site that is managed for other purposes, or it may be an unintended consequence of the way the site is managed. OECMs may be governed and managed by governments, private entities or Indigenous peoples and local communities, or a combination of these. This tool guides an assessor through three steps to apply eight criteria which determine if a site qualifies as an OECM as set out under the Convention on Biological Diversity. For sites which do not currently meet all the criteria, the tool serves to highlight areas where further information or improvements in governance and management are required.
Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear-bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Simulated Carious Dentin
Authors: Koh WT , Yeoh OT , Yahya NA , Yap AU
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

This study investigated the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure modes of self-cured (SC) and light-cured (LC) high-viscosity glass ionomer cements (HVGICs) to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated simulated carious dentin (SCD).

Methods and Materials:

Extracted human premolars were sectioned and pH cycled for 10 days to simulate carious dentin. The demineralized specimens were treated with 38% SDF (Riva Star) for 2 minutes, washed, stored in deionized distilled water at 37°C for 2 weeks, and subjected to the following surface treatments (n=14): T1 – no treatment (control); T2 – 10 seconds polyacrylic acid (PAA); T3 – 5 seconds phosphoric acid (PPA); T4 – 5 seconds PPA plus universal adhesive (Zipbond); and T5 – 5 seconds PPA plus resin-modified GIC adhesive (Riva bond LC). SC (Riva Self-cure HV) and LC (Riva Light-cure HV) HVGICs were applied to the conditioned specimens and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 1 week. SBS and failure modes were subsequently determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis/post-hoc Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests (α=0.05).

Results:

The highest SBS was observed when SC and LC were restored with T2 and T5, respectively. Significant differences in SBS were as follows: SC – T2, T1 > T5, T3; LC – T5, T4, T3 > T2. SC generally exhibited adhesive failures, while LC presented both adhesive and mixed failures.

Conclusion:

The preferred method for preparing SDF-treated carious dentin before restoration application is PAA for SC and PPA plus RMGIC adhesive for LC HVGICs.
Enhancing Light-curing Competence: A Study of Radiant Exposure and Training Outcomes Among Dental Students
Authors: Imbery TA , Allen AE , Larkin B , Romani I , Carrico C
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to measure radiant exposure and time necessary to deliver 16 J/cm2 of radiant exposure to simulated Class I and Class III preparations by first-year dental students. First-year dental students (n=89) received a 60-minute lecture on light-curing. Using the Managing Accurate Resin Curing Patient Simulator (MARC-PS) and protective blue–light-blocking glasses, students twice light-cured Class I and Class III restorations, using the Valo Grand Cordless light-curing unit with infection-control barriers on both Standard and High Power Plus modes. After their first attempts, if students did not obtain at least 16 J/cm2 of radiant exposure (RE), they received additional instruction. Paired t-tests were used to determine the change between the first and second attempts. After averaging two attempts, radiant exposure and time were compared between Standard and High Power Plus modes within individuals using paired t-tests.

Results:

79% of students provided 16 J/cm2 of radiant exposure on both attempts for Standard and High Power Plus modes. High Power Plus mode provided statistically significantly more radiant exposure and required less time to obtain 16 J/cm2 of radiant exposure for both restorations.

Conclusions:

The MARC-PS is useful to identify students requiring instruction. It may be prudent to use High Power Plus mode or increase time on Standard mode to light-cure Class I restorations.
Язык и стиль книги воспоминаний Исхака Машбаша
Authors: Биданок М.М. , Дибиров И.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются воспоминания как жанр, характерный для творчества народного писателя Адыгеи Исхака Машбаша. На примере опыта французской писательницы черкесского происхождения, графини Аиссе, авторы статьи указывают на важность данного жанра в контексте мировой литературы. Это позволило авторам обратиться к анализу книги воспоминаний И. Машбаша «А что там, за горизонтом?», вышедшей в 2012 г. в городе Майкопе. Национальная самобытность стиля писателя дает возможность говорить о высокой популярности эпистолярного жанра. Авторы статьи подчеркивают как консервативность, так и яркость слога известного адыгского писателя, стержневой характеристикой становится его творческая работоспособность.

The article examines memories as a genre inherent in the pen of the people's writer of Adygea Iskhak Mashbash. Using the example of the experience of the French Circassian Countess Aisse, the authors of the article highlight how much this genre is used and revered in the world environment. This basis helps the authors of the article to turn further to the epistolary experience of I. Mashbash, undertaking an analysis of the Book of Memories (“What’s there, beyond the horizon?”) published by him in the current millennium (2012) in Maikop. Tracing in detail the ethnicity of the writer’s style, the authors of the article indicate the demand in society for such statements, emphasizing both the conservatism and brightness of the style of the famous Adyghe writer. Highlighting the poet’s obvious creative ability as a core characteristic, the authors of the article are confident in his veneration by the national consciousness.
Изменение языковой картины мира как развитие сознания российского общества: к вопросу изучения концептов
Authors: Борзова Т.А. , Криницкая М.Ю.
Published: October 2024

В данной статье анализируются некоторые закономерности изменения русской языковой картины мира на примере современных исследований концептов. В работе представлены взгляды отечественных и зарубежных лингвистов относительно понятия «концепт», описаны современные классификации концептов. Методом сплошной выборки из электронной базы данных научных статей за последние 22 года были извлечены и рассмотрены 1632 концепта, отражающие представления носителей русского языка. В статье систематизированы наиболее значимые концепты русской лингвокультуры; проведен анализ содержательной и структурной части концептов.

This paper analyzes some patterns of changes in the Russian linguistic worldview on the example of modern concept studies. This paper presents the views of Russian and foreign linguists regarding the "concept" and describes modern concept classifications. Reflecting the representations of Russian language speakers 1632 concepts were extracted and considered by the method of continuous sampling from the electronic database of scientific articles for the last 22 years. The article systematizes the most significant concepts of Russian linguoculture. The content and structural part of the concepts are analyzed in the study.
Когнитивный сценарий в реализации художественного вымысла: пространственно-темпоральные доминанты
Authors: Дзюбенко А.И.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей текстовой репрезентации пространственно-темпоральных доминант когнитивного сценария в художественном тексте. Актуальность исследования определяется недостаточной разработанностью проблематики когнитивного сценария применительно к изучению природы художественного вымысла. Когнитивные сценарии, реализованные в художественном тексте, опираются на оппозиции свое – чужое, современное – соотносимое (связанное) с прошлым, реальное – фантастическое, при этом их пространственно-темпоральные доминанты разнообразно маркированы в художественном тексте лексически и контекстуально.

The article focuses on the features traced within the textual representation of spatial-temporal dominants of the cognitive scenario in a literary text. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient development of the cognitive scenario problems in relation to the study of the artistic fiction nature. Cognitive scenarios realized in a literary text are based on the oppositions: own – alien, modern – correlated (connected) with the past, real – fantastic, while their spatial-temporal dominants are variously marked lexically and contextually in the literary text.
«Стрелецкое сказание о царевне Софье Алексеевне» А. Н. Майкова
Authors: Пуряева Н.Н.
Published: October 2024

В статье на примере «Стрелецкого сказания о царевне Софье Алексеевне» (1867) А. Н. Майкова рассмотрено изменение восприятия образа царевны Софьи Алексеевны Романовой в русской литературе середины – второй половины XIX в. Стихотворение проанализировано также с точки зрения проявления в нем внутренних закономерностей творчества поэта. Рассмотрены особенности раскрытия исторической темы у Майкова (обстоятельное знакомство с историческими источниками, но при этом самостоятельность высказываемых оценок; стремление изобразить психологическую сторону отдельных исторических событий, а не общих исторических закономерностей и др.), а также художественное своеобразие «Стрелецкого сказания».

The article aims at analysis of Apollon Maykov’s poem “Streltsy Legend about Tsarevna Sophia Alekseevna” (1867) both from the point of view of internal laws of the poet’s creative process, as well as an example of Princess Sophia perception in literary works of the middle of the 19th century. Maykov's approach to the historical theme is analyzed (meticulous study of historical sources along with independence of the expressed assessments; focusing on depiction of the psychological side of separate historical events, rather than giving historical generalizations, etc.), as well as the artistic originality of the “Streltsy Legend”.
Представление результатов теоретико-множественного анализа сложной системы
Authors: Бондарев И.С. , Гаврицков С.А. , Логунова О.С. , Наркевич М.Ю.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена применению теоретико-множественного анализа для исследования сложных систем. Рассматривается представление системы как математического множества, определение основных понятий: структуры системы, ее элементов. Результатом теоретико-множественного анализа является модель системы, представленная в виде записи на математическом языке множеств, которая преобразуется в виде сетевой структуры, гиперкуба. Рассмотрены этапы формирования структуры системы и формирование таблиц с номенклатурами элементов, свойств и параметров. Поэтапно описан процесс создания разверток системы.

The article considers the application of a set-theoretic analysis to the study of complex systems. It considers the representation of the system as a mathematical set, the definition of basic concepts: the structure of the system, its elements. The result of the set-theoretic analysis is a model of the system represented as a record in the mathematical language of sets, which is transformed in the form of a network structure, hypercube. The authors examine the stages of the system structure formation and formation of tables with nomenclatures of elements, properties and parameters. The process of creating the system sweeps is described step by step.
Формирование функциональной грамотности учащихся на внеурочных занятиях по информатике
Authors: Голанова А.В. , Голикова Е.И.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме формирования функциональной грамотности учащихся. Дано определение понятию «функциональная грамотность». Приведены виды функциональной грамотности. Описаны программные средства, которые возможно использовать для формирования, развития и оценки функциональной грамотности. Рассмотрены методы, используемые для формирования и развития функциональной грамотности. Описаны методы оценивания успешности усвоения знаний при использовании различных методов формирования функциональной грамотности на внеурочных занятиях по информатике. Приведены задания и критерии их оценивания, позволяющие определить уровень математической грамотности и креативного мышления учащихся. Проведен анализ результатов педагогического эксперимента по исследованию уровня функциональной грамотности.

The article addresses the problem of developing students’ functional literacy. The authors define the concept of “functional literacy”; describe the types of functional literacy and software tools that can be used for the formation, development and assessment of functional literacy; highlight the methods used for the functional literacy development. The authors also describe how to measure success in knowledge acquisition applying different methods of developing functional literacy in extracurricular computer science classes; present tasks and assessment criteria to determine students' level of mathematical literacy and creative thinking and carry out the results of a pedagogical experiment to study the level of functional literacy.
Проблема жанрового самоопределения в контексте жанрово-родовой трансформации художественного текста (на примере романов А. Володиной «Протагонист» и С. Олонцевой «Дислексия»)
Authors: Аникеева Н.Н. , Черняк М.А.
Published: October 2024

Ситуация жанрообразования в современной русской литературе заслуживает особого внимания в контексте диффузии авторства, кризиса большой романной формы и особого формирования литературного пространства в цифровой среде. В статье рассматривается вопрос о взаимовлиянии родов литературы в современной отечественной прозе, исследуются особенности жанрового и родового своеобразия произведений представителей нового литературного поколения, а также причины возникновения оригинальной жанровой атрибуции на примере романов «Протагонист» А. Володиной и «Дислексия» С. Олонцевой.

The current situation of genre genesis in contemporary Russian literature deserves particular attention in the context of diffusion of authorship, the crisis of the big novel form and the special formation of the literary space in the digital environment. The article discusses the issue of literary genre interaction in the contemporary domestic prose, examines the features of genre and type uniqueness of the works by new literary generation representatives, as well as reasons for the emergence of original genre attribution by the example of the novels “The Protagonist” by A. Volodina and “The Dyslexia” S. Olontseva.
Corporate Criminal Liability and Artificial Intelligence: Doctrinal Overview, Problems and Perspectives
Authors: M Cutolo
Published: October 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in corporate strategies introduces significant challenges to corporate criminal liability. Traditionally, corporations can be held liable for crimes committed by human agents under the doctrine of respondeat superior, but AI systems complicates this framework. The article explores some legal implications of AI-induced crimes, focusing on the need for robust compliance and risk management practices. It emphasizes the potential for AI to influence corporate decisionmaking and the conditions under which companies may be held liable for AI-related offenses. The discussion highlights the importance of preventive measures to mitigate these risks and offers insights for stakeholders on navigating the evolving criminal law landscape.
IMPACTOS DA INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE FAMÍLIA, ESCOLA E COMUNIDADE NA INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Nascimento Adriana Batista do , Freires Kevin Cristian Paulino , Souza Angela Maiara Costa , Pereira Romário Nunes , Nunes Cíntia Paz , Silva Micael Campos da
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investiga como a colaboração entre família, escola e comunidade pode aprimorar o processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência em escolas regulares. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo objetiva analisar e discutir as práticas colaborativas e seus impactos na inclusão do ambiente escolar. Além de tudo, a metodologia adotada caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa, baseada em uma análise integrativa de trabalhos acadêmicos publicados entre 2018 e 2024. Seguindo essa perspectiva, os resultados indicam que a participação ativa dos pais, a formação contínua dos professores e a utilização de tecnologias assistivas são fundamentais para promover a inclusão e oportunizar um ensino de qualidade e ambiente no qual traga a equidade como pilar essencial nas instituições educacionais. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a sinergia entre esses três elementos contribui significativamente para a criação de um ambiente educacional mais inclusivo e acolhedor, necessitando, contudo, de políticas públicas que garantam recursos e apoio contínuos.
CONDIÇÕES HABITACIONAIS E OCUPAÇÕES INFANTIS EM UM CONTEXTO DE DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Elias Carina Sousa , Barba Patrícia Carla de Souza Della
Published: October 2024

Embora a moradia e a segurança sejam um direito constitucional no Brasil, o crescimento demográfico e a situação de vulnerabilidade dos habitantes são dois fatores que estão relacionados ao aumento de residências em locais não regulares, ficando sujeitos à privação e à marginalização. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de explorar como o déficit habitacional pode influenciar na construção do repertório ocupacional infantil, examinando as diferenças entre dois grupos socioeconômicos. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e transversal com 35 famílias com crianças entre 5 e 14 anos de idade, de classe média e baixa. Os dados foram coletados a partir da aplicação do instrumento PACS (Paediatric Activity Card Sort) com as crianças, e de entrevista semiestruturada com os adultos. A análise foi feita por estatística descritiva e inferencial do PACS, e por análise temática do conteúdo das entrevistas. Os resultados apontaram que regiões periféricas permeadas pelo déficit habitacional podem influenciar nas experiências e oportunidades ocupacionais de crianças de classes sociais desfavorecidas. Conclui-se que a disparidade nas condições habitacionais pode ser enfrentada através de políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades e promover oportunidades equitativas para as crianças e suas famílias. E que a Terapia Ocupacional, a partir da compreensão das diferentes expressões da cidade, pode implementar ações voltadas para a promoção do direito à cidade, a partir da compreensão de como os espaços urbanos podem favorecer ou limitar as oportunidades ocupacionais e a participação de indivíduos e coletivos.
Unique Experience of Mother's Parenting for Stunted Toddlers
Authors: Hidayah Seventina Nurul , Fatimah Okta Zenita Siti
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The high prevalence of stunting is caused by suboptimal parenting practices. According to the Health Profile of Central Java Province in 2022, there were 830 children aged 0-5 years in the city of Tegal experiencing stunting. This figure is distributed across 27 sub-districts, with Slerok being the most affected, with 133 cases reported. This research aims to describe maternal parenting practices towards stunted toddlers in Slerok Sub-district. Method: The qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The informants consisted of 6 mothers with stunted toddlers as the main informants, along with 2 supporting informants, namely the Posyandu Cadre in Slerok Sub-district and the nutrition officer at Slerok Community Health Center. Result: The findings revealed that not all mothers practiced early breastfeeding initiation, and some did not provide exclusive breastfeeding until the age of 2 due to perceived difficulty in weaning. Additionally, some informants often forgot to wash their hands before feeding their children due to household chores. Conclusion: It is hoped that health workers and Posyandu cadres can promote good parenting practices, especially for pregnant and lactating mothers in Slerok Sub-district.
 
Pendahuluan: Tingginya prevalensi stunting disebabkan oleh pola asuh yang belum optimal. Berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2022, di Kota Tegal terdapat 830 anak usia 0-5 tahun yang mengalami stunting. Angka tersebut tersebar di 27 kecamatan, dengan Kecamatan Slerok menjadi kecamatan dengan jumlah kasus terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 133 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola asuh ibu terhadap balita stunting di Kecamatan Slerok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Informan terdiri dari 6 orang ibu balita stunting sebagai informan utama, dan 2 orang informan pendukung yaitu Kader Posyandu Kecamatan Slerok dan Petugas Gizi Puskesmas Slerok. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum semua ibu melakukan inisiasi menyusu dini, bahkan ada yang tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif hingga usia 2 tahun karena dianggap sulit untuk menyapih. Selain itu, beberapa informan sering lupa mencuci tangan sebelum memberi makan anak-anak mereka karena pekerjaan rumah tangga. Kesimpulan: Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dan kader posyandu dapat mempromosikan praktik pengasuhan yang baik, terutama bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui di Kecamatan Slerok.
Prevention of Infectious Complications in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kashintsev A. A. , Zavrajnov A. A. , Kokhanenko N. Yu. , Proutski V. Yu. , Solovyev I. A. , Nadeeva A. A. , Antipova M. V. , Belyaeva E. L. , Zaitsev O. V. , Ilyina M. A. , Koshkina A. V. , Podshivalov V. Yu. , Protchenkov M. A. , Radionov Yu. V. , Rusanov D. B. , Pakhmutova Yu. A. , Spirina A. M. , Boyarko A. Yu. , Nakopia G. G. , Shankin D. V. , Vavilova O. G.
Published: October 2024

AIM OF STUDY. The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treating acute pancreatitis by early enteral nutrition and selective introduction of nutritional mixtures directly into the initial sections of the jejunum, bypassing the duodenum.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. A comprehensive treatment method for acute pancreatitis was developed based on the use of a pancreatoduodenal catheter. The method focuses on preventing intestinal failure syndrome by isolating the duodenum and preventing any liquid from entering it while ensuring the selective introduction of glucose-saline solutions and/or enteral nutritional mixtures directly into the initial sections of the jejunum. Several Russian clinics are currently conducting the research approved by local ethics committees. This article presents preliminary results from the data analysis. The study included moderate to severe forms (according to the 2012 Atlanta classification) of acute biliary pancreatitis without indications for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as well as alimentary-alcoholic pancreatitis. The first group of patients received standard therapy according to the 2020 clinical guidelines of the Russian Society of Surgeons. The second group received standard therapy combined with the new selective enteral nutrition method. The observation period lasted until the end of the hospital treatment, including five mandatory visits and a final visit to the physician. A follow-up survey was conducted three months or more after discharge to identify delayed episodes of acute pancreatitis complications, focusing on the incidence of infectious complications and surgical interventions.

RESULTS. A total of 148 patients were treated. Patients were evenly distributed by etiology, gender, age, and body mass index. The analysis revealed that the number of patients with infectious complications decreased from 19.3% in the comparison group to 6.67% in the study group (p=0.041). The number of patients requiring surgical interventions was 5.0% in the study group compared to 19.3% in the comparison group (p=0.017).

CONCLUSIONS. The study demonstrated that the use of the new method in the comprehensive treatment of acute pancreatitis, including early enteral feeding at the onset of the disease, may improve the course of the disease by reducing the incidence of infectious complications and the number of necessary surgical interventions.
Treatment Strategy for Catamenial and Endometriosis-Related Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Voskresensky O. V. , Tarabrin E. A. , Damirov M. M. , Yartsev P. A. , Chirkov R. N.
Published: October 2024

RELEVANCE. The problem of treating thoracic endometriosis complicated by recurrent spontaneous catamenial pneumothorax is associated with the widespread prevalence of endometriosis, the complexity of its treatment and unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax can only be established with a carefully collected history and confirmation of its recurrent nature. Favorable results are achieved with complex therapy carried out by the thoracic surgeon and gynecologist, consisting of an adequate volume of surgical intervention and hormonal therapy with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists.

AIM OF STUDY. To improve the diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis and recurrent catamenial and endometriosis-related spontaneous pneumothorax. To optimize the currently available treatment tactics by reducing the incidence of early relapses of catamenial pneumothorax and creating favorable conditions for the formation of reliable pleurodesis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. We studied the immediate outcomes of complex treatment of 30 patients (14.7%) with right-sided recurrent catamenial (28) and endometriosis-related spontaneous pneumothorax (2), with a median age of 41 (37;44) years, for the period from 2011 to the first half of 2023. Surgical treatment via video-assisted thoracoscopic access was performed in 26 patients (86.7%). After surgery, all the patients were recommended a six-month course of hormonal therapy with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists.

RESULTS. Various types of mechanical pleurodesis were performed in 25 patients (96.1%), resection of the diaphragm — in 17 (65.4%), alloplastic reconstruction with a synthetic mesh implant — in 12 patients (46.1%), pulmonary resection — in 9 (34.6%). In 12 of 26 patients (46.1%) in the early postoperative period, 6 (3; 6.75) days after surgery, a recurrence of catamenial pneumothorax developed, which subsequently required repeated interventions. In 5 patients, the relapse clearly coincided with the menstrual cycle. Early recurrence of pneumothorax required repeated drainage of the pleural cavity in all the patients, chemical pleurodesis in 2, and prolonged drainage of the pleural cavity in 1.

CONCLUSION. Surgeries involving resection and reconstruction of the diaphragm with a mesh implant, pleurectomy, lung resection do not ensure the removal of all endometrioid heterotopias of the diaphragm and lung, therefore, during the first mensis after surgery, in the early postoperative period, 46.1% of the patients had a recurrence of catamenial pneumothorax, with no formed pleurodesis, which contributes to the possibility of further recurrences of pneumothorax. Improving the immediate outcomes of complex treatment of catamenial pneumothorax is possible with the preventive administration of hormonal therapy 1.5–2 months before the planned surgical intervention, which requires a multidisciplinary approach of the thoracic surgeon and gynecologist.
Surgical Site Infections: Risk Factors for Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Parshin D. S. , Topchiev M. A. , Astakhin V. A. , Chechukhina O. B. , Smirnyagina E. O. , Ravskiy E. N.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are increasingly becoming a major surgical site infection (SSI); however, the clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with resistant pathogens in general surgery remain poorly understood.

THE AIM of the present research is to study the risk factors and consequences of infections in patients with SSI caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens with MDR.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. A single-center, retrospective case-control study was carried out. The results of the examination and treatment of 50 patients with SSI + MDR, who made up the main group, and two control groups — non-MDR SSI and no SSI, 50 patients each, were analyzed. A total of 38 risk factors were used: pre- and surgical criteria, clinical, biochemical, instrumental data, postoperative complications and treatment features. The microbial landscape was studied in SSI+MDR. Single- and multivariate analysis was carried out, binary and multinomial logistic regression was performed. P-values <0.05 were considered significant at 95% CI.

RESULTS. Significant risk factors were as follows: previous hospitalization, previous antibiotic therapy, terms of preoperative stay of the patient in the department, emergency surgery, class of surgery, decrease in the ratio of ALP/ ALPI, MEI and EMFC (p<0.01); elevated ASA score, obesity, low levels of plasma proteins and albumin, (p<0.05). Among the pathogens, there were more gram-negative enterobacteria (61%) than gram-positive ones (30.5%). Escherichia coli (36.3%) was the most commonly found bacterium, followed by Enterococcus faecium (9.09%), Morganella morganii (7.58%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6%). In SSSI, Staphylococcus spp. prevailed. (>80%); in DSSI — Echerichia, Acinetobacter (>70%); and in OSSSI — Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter and Citrobacter (>90%). SSI+MDR were characterized by serious surgical complications (Clavien Dindo Classification grade 3–5), wound dehiscences and OSSSI, reoperations (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION. 1. The primary risk factors for multiple antibiotic resistance were as follows: previous hospitalization, previous antibiotic therapy, the duration of the patient’s preoperative stay in the department, emergency surgery, surgery class, reduced ALP/ALPI ratio, MEI and EMFC. In addition to the above, the following were also of great importance: increased ASA score, obesity, low plasma proteins, albumin.

2. When identifying risk factors for multiple antibiotic resistance in surgical patients, the development of severe postoperative complications, sepsis and multiple organ failure can be predicted.

3. Perioperative medical and preventive measures require a multidisciplinary approach involving the microbiologist, pharmacologist, immunologist, nutrition specialist, and other expert consultants.