bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Facile Microwave‐Assisted Surface Chemistry for Functionalized Microarray Slides
Authors: Lee Jeong Heon , Hyun Hoon , Cross Conor J. , Henary Maged , Nasr Khaled A. , Oketokoun Rafiou , Choi Hak Soo , Frangioni John V.
Published: December 2011

This report describes a rapid and facile method for surface functionalization and ligand patterning of glass slides based on microwave‐assisted synthesis and a microarraying robot. The optimized reaction enables surface modification 42‐times faster than conventional techniques and includes a carboxylated self‐assembled monolayer, polyethylene glycol linkers of varying length, and stable amide bonds to small molecule, peptide, or protein ligands to be screened for binding to living cells. Customized slide racks that permit functionalization of 100 slides at a time to produce a cost‐efficient, highly reproducible batch process. Ligand spots can be positioned on the glass slides precisely using a microarraying robot, and spot size adjusted for any desired application. Using this system, live cell binding to a variety of ligands is demonstrate and PEG linker length is optimized. Taken together, the technology we describe should enable high‐throughput screening of disease‐specific ligands that bind to living cells.
Oxygen Ion Drift‐Induced Complementary Resistive Switching in Homo TiOx/TiOy/TiOx and Hetero TiOx/TiON/TiOx Triple Multilayer Frameworks
Authors: Bae Yoon Cheol , Lee Ah Rahm , Lee Ja Bin , Koo Ja Hyun , Kwon Kyung Cheol , Park Jea Gun , Im Hyun Sik , Hong Jin Pyo
Published: December 2011

Developing a means by which to compete with commonly used Si‐based memory devices represents an important challenge for the realization of future three‐dimensionally stacked crossbar‐array memory devices with multifunctionality. Therefore, oxide‐based resistance switching memory (ReRAM), with its associated phenomena of oxygen ion drifts under a bias, is becoming increasingly important for use in nanoscalable crossbar arrays with an ideal memory cell size due to its simple metal–insulator–metal structure and low switching current of 10–100 μA. However, in a crossbar array geometry, one single memory element defined by the cross‐point of word and bit lines is highly susceptible to unintended leakage current due to parasitic paths around neighboring cells when no selective devices such as diodes or transistors are used. Therefore, the effective complementary resistive switching (CRS) features in all Ti‐oxide‐based triple layered homo Pt/TiOx/TiOy/TiOx/Pt and hetero Pt/TiOx/TiON/TiOx/Pt geometries as alternative resistive switching matrices are reported. The possible resistive switching nature of the novel triple matrices is also discussed together with their electrical and structural properties. The ability to eliminate both an external resistor for efficient CRS operation and a metallic Pt middle electrode for further cost‐effective scalability will accelerate progress toward the realization of cross‐bar ReRAM in this framework.
The prevalence of chromosome 22q11.2 deletions in 2,478 children with cardiovascular malformations. A population‐based study
Authors: Agergaard Peter , Olesen Charlotte , Østergaard John Rosendahl , Christiansen Michael , Sørensen Karina Meden
Published: December 2011

Deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 is considered one of the most frequent genetic causes of cardiovascular malformations. It is frequently associated with conotruncal malformations, but may also be present among patients with nonconotruncal malformations. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence of the 22q11.2 deletion in an unselected population‐based cohort of children with various cardiovascular malformations. The study population was defined as children born in 2000–2008 who were registered in the Danish National Patient Registry with a diagnosis of cardiovascular malformation from one of the two national departments of pediatric cardiology. Sensitive multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification was performed on dried blood spot samples from each individual's neonatal screening test. Of 2,952 children with cardiovascular malformations, 2,478 were eligible for genetic testing. A total of 46 individuals (1.9% [1.4–2.5%]) carried the deletion, with the highest prevalence among individuals registered with interrupted aortic arch (22% [11–40]). The most frequent diagnoses among individuals carrying the deletion were tetralogy of Fallot (n = 15) and ventricular septal defect (n = 15). One in four cases had not been diagnosed in the usual clinical setting. The prevalence of 22q11.2 deletions in an unselected population‐based cohort of children with cardiac malformations was 1.9% [1.4–2.5%]. Genetic testing of every individual registered with a conotruncal malformation would have achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 70% in the present cohort. Prospective studies outlining testing recommendations in children with ventricular septal defect are warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genotype–phenotype relationships as prognosticators in Rett syndrome should be handled with care in clinical practice
Authors: Halbach Nicky S.J. , Smeets Eric E.J. , van den Braak Noortje , van Roozendaal Kees E.P. , Blok Rien M.J. , Schrander‐Stumpel Constance T.R.M. , Frijns Jean‐Pierre , Maaskant Marian A. , Curfs Leopold M.G.
Published: December 2011

Rett syndrome (RTT; OMIM 312750) is an X‐linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder leading to cognitive and motor impairment, epilepsy, and autonomic dysfunction in females. Since the discovery that RTT is caused by mutations in MECP2, large retrospective genotype–phenotype correlation studies have been performed. A number of general genotype–phenotype relationships were confirmed and specific disorder profiles were described. Nevertheless, conflicting results are still under discussion, partly due to the variability in classification of mutations, assessment tools, and structure of the data sets. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between genotype and specific clinical data collected by the same experienced physician in a well‐documented RTT cohort, and evaluate its prognostic value in counseling young parents with a newly diagnosed RTT girl regarding her future outcome. The Maastricht–Leuven Rett Syndrome Database is a register of 137 molecularly confirmed clinical RTT cases, containing both molecular and clinical data on examination and follow up by the same experienced physician. Although the general genotype–phenotype relationships were confirmed, the clinical severity was still found to be very variable. We therefore recommend caution in using genotype–phenotype data in the prognosis of outcome for children in Rett syndrome. Early diagnosis, early intervention, and preventive management are imperative for better outcomes and better quality of daily life for RTT females and their families. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimating the distribution of probable age‐at‐death from dental remains of immature human fossils
Authors: Shackelford Laura L. , Stinespring Harris Ashley E. , Konigsberg Lyle W.
Published: December 2011

In two historic longitudinal growth studies, Moorrees et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 21 (1963) 99‐108; J Dent Res 42 (1963) 1490‐1502) presented the “mean attainment age” for stages of tooth development for 10 permanent tooth types and three deciduous tooth types. These findings were presented graphically to assess the rate of tooth formation in living children and to age immature skeletal remains. Despite being widely cited, these graphical data are difficult to implement because there are no accompanying numerical values for the parameters underlying the growth data. This analysis generates numerical parameters from the data reported by Moorrees et al. by digitizing 358 points from these tooth formation graphs using DataThief III, version 1.5. Following the original methods, the digitized points for each age transition were conception‐corrected and converted to the logarithmic scale to determine a median attainment age for each dental formation stage. These values are subsequently used to estimate age‐at‐death distributions for immature individuals using a single tooth or multiple teeth, including estimates for 41 immature early modern humans and 25 immature Neandertals. Within‐tooth variance is calculated for each age estimate based on a single tooth, and a between‐tooth component of variance is calculated for age estimates based on two or more teeth to account for the increase in precision that comes from using additional teeth. Finally, we calculate the relative probability of observing a particular dental formation sequence given known‐age reference information and demonstrate its value in estimating age for immature fossil specimens. Am J Phys Anthropol 147:227–253, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localization of Papillofoveal Bundles in Primates
Authors: Hiraoka Mari , Inoue Kenichi , Kawano Hitoshi , Takada Masahiko
Published: December 2011

Axons in the fovea are precisely organized to ensure accurate vision. We investigated the morphologic characteristics and localization of nerve bundles in the optic nerve in primates. Macaque eyes were studied for conventional and immunostaining, and also marmoset eyes for carbocyanine dye tracing. Locally confined lesions associated with similar findings to human age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD) were also evaluated. Axons of retinal ganglion cells formed fasciculi near their origin, and these fasciculi formed bundles thereafter. In the retinal nerve fiber layer, ascending bundles assembled stratification adding proximal bundle underneath successively. Bundles in the arcuate zone displayed a characteristic fine, parallel arrangement, whereas those in the outside zone intermingled with undefined reticular bundles as they approached the optic nerve head. Macular bundles remained in groups and were distributed in the temporal wedge of the optic nerve head. Orthograde and retrograde tracing revealed that these bundles formed confined groups of various sizes and, ultimately, a specific group of small bundles located in the innermost row, near the central vessels. In addition, these bundles showed evidence of focal degenerative deterioration in eyes with ARMD. Papillomacular bundles have a characteristic alignment and configuration. Foveal bundles that compose the confined group closest to the optic trunk (which we term papillofoveal bundles) appear to have functional significance with respect to the isolated lesions that accompany central vision loss or preservation. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology and Histochemistry of Juvenile Male American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Phallus
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Mathavan Ketan , Guillette Louis J.
Published: December 2011

Phalli of male crocodilians transfer sperm to female cloaca during sexual intercourse, resulting in internal fertilization. For over a century there have been scientific descriptions of crocodilian phallus morphologies; however, little work has presented detailed cellular‐level analyses of these structures. Here we present a histological investigation of the complex functional anatomy of the juvenile male American alligator phallus, including fibrous and vascular erectile structures, a variety of secretory epithelium morphologies, and observed immune cells. Using 3D reconstruction software, we show the shape and location of vascular erectile tissues within the phallus. Histochemical staining detected mucin‐rich secretory cells in glandular epithelial cells of the phallic shaft and also of the semen‐conducting ventral sulcus. Lymphoid aggregates, lymphocytes, and epithelial mucin coats suggest an active immune system in the phallus defending from both the external and intracloacal environments. These results better characterize the complexity of the alligator phallus and predict later reproductive functions during adulthood. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versican Knockdown Reduces Interzone Area During Early Stages of Chick Synovial Joint Development
Authors: Nagchowdhuri Partha S. , Andrews Kristen N. , Robart Savannah , Capehart Anthony A.
Published: December 2011

Much has been learned regarding factors that specify joint placement, but less is known regarding how these molecular instructions are translated into functional joint tissues. Previous studies have shown that the matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, versican, exhibits a similar pattern of expression in the embryonic joint rudiment of chick and mouse suggesting conserved function during joint development. In this study, versican's importance in developing joints was investigated by specific inhibition of its expression in the early joint interzone, tissue that gives rise to articular cartilages and joint cavity. In ovo microinjection of adenoviral shRNA constructs into the HH25 chick wing was employed to silence endogenous versican protein in developing appendicular joints. Results showed statistically significant (12–14%) reduction of nonchondrogenic elbow joint interzone area in whole‐mount specimens at HH36 in response to versican knockdown. Attenuated expression of key versican‐associated molecules including hyaluronan, tenascin, CD44, and link protein was also noted by histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Versican knockdown also lowered collagen II expression in presumptive articular chondrocytes indicating possible delay in chondrogenesis. Results suggest that versican functions interactively with other matrix/cell surface molecules to facilitate establishment or maintenance of early joint interzone structure. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Induction Motors Through AC/DC/AC Converters
Authors: El Fadili A. , Giri F. , El Magri A. , Dugard L. , Chaoui F.Z.
Published: December 2011

The problem of controlling induction motors, together with associated AC/DC rectifiers and DC/AC inverters, is addressed. The control objectives are threefold: (i) the motor speed should track any reference signal despite mechanical parameter uncertainties and variations; (ii) the DC Link voltage must be tightly regulated; and (iii) the power factor correction (PFC) w.r.t. the power supply net must be performed in a satisfactory way. First, a nonlinear model of the whole controlled system is developed within the Park coordinates. Then, a multi‐loop nonlinear adaptive controller is synthesized using the backstepping design technique. A formal analysis based on Lyapunov stability and average theory is carried out to exhibit the control system performances. In addition to closed‐loop global asymptotic stability, it is proven that all control objectives (motor speed tracking, rotor flux regulation, DC link voltage regulation and unitary power factor) are asymptotically achieved, up to small but unavoidable harmonic errors (ripples).
CGCDB: A web‐based resource for the investigation of gene coexpression in CHO cell culture
Authors: Clarke Colin , Doolan Padraig , Barron Niall , Meleady Paula , Madden Stephen F. , DiNino Dana , Leonard Mark , Clynes Martin
Published: December 2011

Coexpression analysis is a powerful, widely used methodology for the investigation of underlying patterns in gene expression data. This “guilt‐by‐association” approach aims to find groups of genes with closely correlated expression profiles. Observation of consistent correlations across phenotypically diverse samples indicates that these genes have a shared function. We have recently described the application of weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to a 295 sample production CHO cell line microarray dataset and elucidated groups of genes related to growth rate and cell‐specific productivity (Qp). In this study, we present the CHO gene coexpression database (CGCDB), a web‐based system, designed specifically for researchers in the CHO community to provide user‐friendly access to these gene–gene coexpression patterns. In addition to correlation between genes, the direct correlations between probesets and either growth rate or Qp are provided. Results are presented to the user via an interactive network diagram and in a downloadable tabular format. It is hoped that this resource will allow researchers to prioritize cell line engineering and/or biomarker candidates to enhance CHO‐based cell culture for the production of biotherapeutics. Availability: www.cgcdb.org. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1368–1370. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO2–H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings
Authors: Luterbacher Jeremy S. , Tester Jefferson W. , Walker Larry P.
Published: December 2011

Most biomass pretreatment processes for monosaccharide production are run at low‐solid concentration (<10 wt%) and use significant amounts of chemical catalysts. Biphasic CO2–H2O mixtures could provide a more sustainable pretreatment medium while using high‐solid contents. Using a stirred reactor for high solids (40 wt%, biomass water mixture) biphasic CO2–H2O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass allowed us to explore the effects of particle size and mixing on mixed hardwood and switchgrass pretreatment. Subsequently, a two‐temperature stage pretreatment was introduced. After optimization, a short high‐temperature stage at 210°C (16 min for hardwood and 1 min for switchgrass) was followed by a long low‐temperature stage at 160°C for 60 min. Glucan to glucose conversion yields of 83% for hardwood and 80% for switchgrass were obtained. Total molar sugar yields of 65% and 55% were obtained for wood and switchgrass, respectively, which consisted of a 10% points improvement over those obtained during our previous study despite a 10‐fold increase in particle size. These yields are similar to those obtained with other major pretreatment technologies for wood and within 10% of major technologies for switchgrass despite the absence of chemical catalysts, the use of large particles (0.95 cm) and high solid contents (40 wt%). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1499–1507. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associated injuries in casualties with traumatic lower extremity amputations caused by improvised explosive devices
Authors: Morrison J J , Hunt N , Midwinter M , Jansen J
Published: December 2011

Background

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) pose a significant threat to military personnel, often resulting in lower extremity amputation and pelvic injury. Immediate management is haemorrhage control and debridement, which can involve lengthy surgery. Computed tomography is necessary to delineate the extent of the injury, but it is unclear whether to perform this during or after surgery.

Methods

The UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry was searched to identify all UK service personnel who had a traumatic lower extremity amputation following IED injury between January 2007 and December 2010. Data were collected on injury pattern and survival.

Results

There were 169 patients who sustained 278 traumatic lower extremity amputations: 69 were killed in action, 16 died from their wounds and 84 were wounded in action, but survived. The median (interquartile range) Injury Severity Score was 75 (21) for those killed in action, 46 (23) for those who died from wounds and 29 (12) for survivors. There were significantly more severe head, chest and abdominal injuries (defined as a body region Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or more) in patients who were killed in action than in those reaching hospital (P < 0·001). Hindquarter amputations were the most lethal, with a mortality rate of 95 per cent. Of the 100 casualties who reached hospital alive, there were nine thoracotomies, one craniotomy and 34 laparotomies. All head or torso injuries that required immediate operation were clinically apparent on admission.

Conclusion

Higher levels of amputation were associated with greater injury burden and mortality. Intraoperative computed tomography had little value in identifying clinically significant covert injuries.
Synthesis of Anionic Hypervalent Cyclic Selenenate Esters: Relevance to the Hypervalent Intermediates in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Selenium(II) Center
Authors: Selvakumar Karuthapandi , Singh Harkesh B. , Goel Nidhi , Singh Udai P. , Butcher Ray J.
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of a diaryl diselenide that contains 2,6‐dicarboxylic acid groups, 2,2′‐diselanediylbis(5‐tert‐butylisophthalic acid) (10), is described. Diselenide10undergoes intramolecular cyclization in methanol to form a cyclic selenenate ester, 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylic acid (11). The cyclization reaction proceeds more rapidly in the presence of organic bases, such as pyridine, adenine, and 4,4′‐bipyridine, to form pyridinium 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate (14), adeninium 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate (15), and 4,4′‐bipyridiniumbis(5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[c][1,2]oxaselenole‐7‐carboxylate) (16), respectively. However, 2,2′‐diselanediyldibenzoic acid (22) does not undergo cyclization under similar conditions. Structural studies on cyclic selenenate esters14–16revealed that the Se⋅⋅⋅O (COO−) secondary distances (2.170, 2.075, and 2.176 Å) were significantly shorter than the corresponding Se⋅⋅⋅O distances (2.465, 2.472, and 2.435 Å) observed for the selenenate esters stabilized by the neutral donors (CHO, COOH, and COOEt).1H,13C, and77Se NMR spectroscopy of compounds 11and14–16reveal that the aryl protons of compound11and the organic cations of compounds14–16exchange between the two carboxylate groups via a hypercoordinate intermediate. The corresponding hypercoordinate intermediate (14 b, pyridinium selenuranide) for compound14was detected at low temperatures using77Se NMR spectroscopy. The presumed hypercoordinate intermediates in the carboxylate‐exchange reactions at the selenium(II) center for a set of model reactions were optimized using DFT‐B3LYP/6–311+g(d) calculations and their structural features compared with the X‐ray structure of anionic selenenate esters14–16.
A checkpointing‐enabled and resource‐aware Java Virtual Machine for efficient and robust e‐Science applications in grid environments
Authors: Simão José , Garrochinho Tiago , Veiga Luís
Published: December 2011

Object‐oriented programming languages presently are the dominant paradigm of application development (e.g., Java, .NET). Lately, increasingly more Java applications have long (or very long) execution times and manipulate large amounts of data/information, gaining relevance in fields related with e‐Science (with Grid and Cloud computing). Significant examples include Chemistry, Computational Biology and Bio‐informatics, with many available Java‐based APIs (e.g., Neobio).

Often, when the execution of such an application is terminated abruptly because of a failure (regardless of the cause being a hardware of software fault, lack of available resources, etc.), all of its work already performed is simply lost, and when the application is later re‐initiated, it has to restart all its work from scratch, wasting resources and time, while also being prone to another failure and may delay its completion with no deadline guarantees.

Our proposed solution to address these issues is through incorporating mechanisms for checkpointing and migration in a JVM. These make applications more robust and flexible by being able to move to other nodes, without any intervention from the programmer. This article provides a solution to Java applications with long execution times, by extending a JVM (Jikes research virtual machine) with such mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Assemblies of Achiral Rigid‐Flexible Molecules at the Air/Water Interface Induced by Silver(I) Coordination
Authors: Liu Libin , Li Tianduo , Lee Myongsoo
Published: December 2011

Chiral films are obtained from achiral rigid‐flexible molecules. Due to hydrogen bonding and steric constraints, these molecules can self‐assemble into chiral assemblies at the air/water interface upon compression. When the molecules are spread on a subphase containing AgNO3, they form a stable monolayer through coordination with AgI ions, as confirmed by surface pressure–area isotherms, UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, and AFM. More interestingly, macroscopic chirality was detected in the AgI‐coordinated films by circular dichroism measurements. The formation mechanisms of the two kinds of chiral films are briefly discussed.
Modified telescopic amplifier with improved DC gain in 0.18 µm CMOS process
Authors: Dadashi Ali
Published: December 2011

A new operational amplifier is presented based on the conventional telescopic amplifier structure. A novel method is used to increase the DC gain of the telescopic amplifier. This method does not degrade the output swing, bandwidth, settling time and the phase margin of the telescopic amplifier. Proposed structure has been simulated by HSPICE software using level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) in a typical 0.18 µm Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. HSPICE simulation confirms the theoretical estimated improvements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscroll floating gate–based integrated chaotic oscillator
Authors: Trejo‐Guerra R. , Tlelo‐Cuautle E. , Jiménez‐Fuentes M. , Muñoz‐Pacheco J. M. , Sánchez‐López C.
Published: December 2011

In this work, we proposed a voltage‐to‐current cell based on a Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverter designed by using floating gate transistors. We demonstrate its usefulness for the design of stair‐type and sawtooth functions to be used in the implementation of a multiscroll chaotic oscillator. The main advantage of using floating gate transistors to design the nonlinear functions is the elimination of external reference DC sources, as is typically done in most of the nonlinear functions that generate multiscroll attractors. The key guidelines for the design of our proposed voltage‐to‐current cell are given to provide good performances in the design of an integrated multiscroll chaotic oscillator. HSPICE simulations are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed cell to generate multiscroll attractors. Finally, simulation results before and after layout are presented to show the good agreement with respect to theoretical results. HSPICE simulations of the post‐layout design are in accordance with the system behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration of images contaminated with photon shot noise by an M‐transform method
Authors: Hoshino Kazuhiro , Takaichi Masato , Nishimura Toshiro
Published: December 2011

We propose a novel approach for the reduction of photon shot noise in image sensors, inspired by the M‐transform method. In the proposed method, the photon shot noise is transferred to small‐amplitude random signals. Then the small‐amplitude random signals are removed by an ϵ filter. The Sobel method was used for edge detection, and edges were preserved by not applying the ϵ filter on the edge. After noise reduction, the signals are restored to the image by a reverse M‐transform. We compared our method with the smoothing filter, the median filter, and the Wiener filter. In photon shot noise based on the Poisson distribution, we changed the number of incident photons and created the noise image by using a simulation. In cases where the maximum number of incident photons was 128 (illumination of about 2 lux), the proposed technique was subjectively confirmed as better than the smoothing filter, based on the effect of edge preservation even in a dark environment. As a result, the proposed method is confirmed to be effective for reducing photon shot noise. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 55–62, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10344
A constrained global optimization method based on multi‐objective particle swarm optimization
Authors: Masuda Kazuaki , Kurihara Kenzo
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a constrained global optimization method based on Multi‐Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A constrained optimization problem is transformed into another bi‐objective problem which minimizes both the original objective function and the total amount of constraint violations. Then, the global optimum of the former problem is obtained as the Pareto optimal solution of the latter one having no constraint violation. In order to find the particular Pareto optimal solution, the proposed method introduces to MOPSO such operations as (a) restricting the number of Pareto optimal solutions obtained at each iteration of MOPSO to urge particles to approach the feasible set of the original constrained problem, (b) choosing the most promising Pareto optimal solution as the global best solution so as to exclude solutions dominated by it, and (c) encouraging to add Pareto optimal solutions if their number is too small to recover the diversity of search. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and wide applicability of the proposed method. For some famous engineering design problems, in particular, it can find solutions which are comparable to or better than the previously known best ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 43–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10385
Statistical stability analysis for particle swarm optimization dynamics with random coefficients
Authors: Koguma Yuji , Aiyoshi Eitaro
Published: December 2011

Particle swarm optimization (PSO), a meta‐heuristic global optimization method, has attracted special interest for its simple algorithm and high searching ability. The updating formula of PSO involves coefficients with random numbers as parameters to enhance diversification ability in searching for the global optimum. However, the randomness makes stability of the searching points difficult to analyze mathematically, and the users need to adjust the parameter values by trial and error. In this paper, stability of the stochastic dynamics of PSO is analyzed mathematically and an exact stability condition taking the randomness into consideration is presented with an index called the “statistical eigenvalue,” which is a new concept for evaluating the degree of stability of PSO dynamics. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed stability discrimination using the presented index are certified in numerical simulation for simple examples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 31–42, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10388
Experience in management of e‐mail delivery delay problems associated with spam e‐mail filtering in a university
Authors: Hisanaga Yutaka , Sugii Manabu , Wang Yue , Osa Atsushi , Miike Hidetoshi
Published: December 2011

Spam e‐mail management in universities differs from that in enterprises with a uniform and strict network policy, and requires the guarantee of a free mail environment policy. In this paper, we report findings from an operational experiment on spam e‐mail filtering based on volunteer application of users. In particular, management of the electronic mail (e‐mail) delivery delay problem was undertaken in view of the state of e‐mail usage at our university. We also discuss an ideal method of spam mail filtering in universities and in research institutes under a free mail environment policy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 8–19, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10393
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Iridium Hydrido Fluorido Complexes
Authors: Kläring Paul , Jungton Ann‐Katrin , Braun Thomas , Müller Carsten
Published: December 2011

The oxidative addition of HF at trans‐[Ir(ArF)(η2‐C2H4)(PiPr3)2] (1a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 1b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2) affords the fluorido complexes trans‐[Ir(ArF)(F)(H)(PiPr3)2] (2a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 2b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2). The hydrido fluorido complex 2a is also accessible by means of the reaction of the hydroxido complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(H)(OH)(PiPr3)2] (3a) with Et3N·3HF. Both compounds 2a and 2b react with CO to give the carbonyl complexes trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(F)(H)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (4a: ArF = 4‐C5NF4; 4b: ArF = 2‐C6H3F2). In the presence of traces of water, a slow reaction of 2a with CO2 yields the hydrogencarbonato complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5NF4)(H)(κ2‐(O,O)‐O2COH)(PiPr3)2] (5a). Upon using 2a or 2b as fluorinating agent, Ph3SiH could be converted into Ph3SiF and CH3C(O)Cl into CH3C(O)F.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Taihu Lake, China: Their levels and the factors that influence biomagnification
Authors: Yu Ying-Xin , Zhang Shao-Huan , Huang Ning-Bao , Li Jun-Ling , Pang Yu-Ping , Zhang Xin-Yu , Yu Zhi-Qiang , Xu Zhi-Guang
Published: December 2011

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), two types of persistent organic pollutants that have been used widely, can be released into the environment and accumulate in organisms. To obtain a better understanding of the biomagnification of PBDEs and PCBs in fish, as well as the influences on biomagnification by fish size and physical properties of PBDEs and PCBs, a total of 200 samples of 24 fish species were collected and analyzed from Taihu Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. The concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 8.59 to 74.28 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and from 10.30 to 165.20 ng/g lw, respectively. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were used to estimate the PBDE and PCB biomagnification potentials. The TMF values of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 0.78 to 2.95 and from 0.92 to 2.60, respectively. Most of the TMFs were greater than 1, indicating that these contaminants were biomagnified in food chains. Fish size might influence the biomagnification evaluation, because different sized fish had different lipid content, leading to different lipid-based concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs. Parabolic relationships were observed between the TMFs and logKOW, as well as between the TMFs and the molecular volumes of PBDE and PCB congeners. The congeners with logKOW values of approximately 7 or molecular volumes of approximately 8 × 10−5 nm3 had the greatest biomagnification potentials. Compared to molecular weight, molecular volume seems to be the better standard for analyzing the influence of molecular size on biomagnification. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:542–549. © 2011 SETAC
Effects of tributyltin exposure in hermit crabs: Clibanarius vittatus as a model
Authors: Sant'Anna Bruno Sampaio , dos Santos Dayana Moscardi , de Marchi Mary Rosa Rodrigues , Zara Fernando José , Turra Alexander
Published: December 2011

Tributyltin (TBT) contamination affects the reproductive system of many species of invertebrates worldwide. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of exposure to TBT pollution on the reproduction of the hermit crab Clibanarius vittatus. An orthogonal experiment was designed with two treatments: contamination (with or without TBT in the food) and crab sex (males and females). The animals were reared in the laboratory for nine months, and macroscopic and histological analyses of reproductive organs were carried out after the end of the experiment. Tributyltin was recorded in exposed crabs, but no morphological alterations were detected in the gonads of males, regardless of whether they were exposed to TBT. In contrast, females exposed to TBT displayed disorganization and atrophy of their ovaries, thus directly affecting reproduction in this hermit crab species. This effect observed in female hermit crabs may harm populations located in harbor regions, where TBT concentration is high, even after the worldwide TBT ban. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:632–638. © 2011 SETAC
Modeling flame temperature profile on a fire‐engulfed cylindrical tube
Authors: Najafi Arash , Moghaddam Abdolsamad Zarringhalam
Published: December 2011

In this article, experimental measurements of flame temperature profile on a cylindrical tube circumference engulfed in a small‐scale pool fire were carried out. Three models were presented for flame temperature distribution with analytical and numerical based methods. The first model that is based on correlation showed the best agreements with experimental data, and other two models had almost acceptable predictions. The results revealed that the analytical and mathematical based model is more general than correlation methods and may be used to predict flame temperature and have wider‐range application usage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bubble collapse in compressible fluids using a spectral element marker particle method. Part 1. Newtonian fluids
Authors: Lind S. J. , Phillips T.N.
Published: December 2011

This paper is concerned with the development of a high‐order numerical scheme for the modelling of two‐phase Newtonian flows. The companion paper, herein referred to as Part 2, extends the scheme to two‐phase viscoelastic flows. The particular problem of the collapse of a two‐dimensional bubble in the vicinity of a rigid boundary is considered. The governing equations are discretized using the spectral element method, and the two phases are modelled using a marker particle method. The marker particle scheme is validated using the Zalesak slotted disk rotation test problem. A comprehensive set of results is presented for the problem of bubble collapse near a rigid wall, and qualitative agreement is obtained with other numerical studies and experimental observations. Viscous effects are shown to inhibit bubble collapse and prevent jet formation and are therefore likely to have a mitigating effect on cavitation damage.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entropy dissipation scheme and minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease slope limiter
Authors: Hongxia Li
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we continue to study the entropy dissipation scheme developed in former. We start with a numerical study of the scheme without the entropy dissipation term on the linear advection equation, which shows that the scheme is stable and numerical dissipation and numerical dispersion free for smooth solutions. However, the numerical results for discontinuous solutions show nonlinear instabilities near jump discontinuities. This is because the scheme enforces two related conservation properties in the computation. With this study, we design a so‐called ‘minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease’ slope limiter in the reconstruction step of the scheme and delete the entropy dissipation in the linear fields and reduce the entropy dissipation terms in the nonlinear fields. Numerical experiments show improvements of the designed scheme compared with the results presented in former. However, the minimums‐increase‐and‐maximums‐decrease limiter is still not perfect yet, and better slope limiters are still sought. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical investigation of the flow over a pair of identical square cylinders in a tandem arrangement
Authors: Sohankar A.
Published: December 2011

This paper describes a numerical study of the two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional unsteady flow over two square cylinders arranged in an in‐line configuration for Reynolds numbers from 40 to 1000 and a gap spacing of 4D, where D is the cross‐sectional dimension of the cylinders. The effect of the cylinder spacing, in the range G = 0.3D to 12D, was also studied for selected Reynolds numbers, that is, Re = 130, 150 and 500. An incompressible finite volume code with a collocated grid arrangement was employed to carry out the flow simulations. Instantaneous and time‐averaged and spanwise‐averaged vorticity, pressure, and streamlines are computed and compared for different Reynolds numbers and gap spacings. The time averaged global quantities such as the Strouhal number, the mean and the RMS values of the drag force, the base suction pressure, the lift force and the pressure coefficient are also calculated and compared with the results of a single cylinder. Three major regimes are distinguished according to the normalized gap spacing between cylinders, that is, the single slender‐body regime (G < 0.5), the reattach regime (G < 4) and co‐shedding or binary vortex regime (G ≥4).

Hysteresis with different vortex patterns is observed in a certain range of the gap spacings and also for the onset of the vortex shedding. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of acceptance of offered care management intervention services in a quality improvement trial for dementia
Authors: Kaisey Marwa , Mittman Brian , Pearson Marjorie , Connor Karen I. , Chodosh Joshua , Vassar Stefanie D. , Nguyen France T. , Vickrey Barbara G.
Published: December 2011

Objective

Care management approaches have been proven to improve outcomes for patients with dementia and their family caregivers (dyads). However, acceptance of services in these programs is incomplete, impacting effectiveness. Acceptance may be related to dyad as well as healthcare system characteristics, but knowledge about factors associated with program acceptance is lacking. This study investigates patient, caregiver, and healthcare system characteristics associated with acceptance of offered care management services.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the intervention arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive dementia care management intervention. There were 408 patient–caregiver dyads enrolled in the study, of which 238 dyads were randomized to the intervention. Caregiver, patient, and health system factors associated with participation in offered care management services were assessed through bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results

Out of the 238 dyads, 9 were ineligible for this analysis, leaving data of 229 dyads in this sample. Of these, 185 dyads accepted offered care management services, and 44 dyads did not. Multivariate analyses showed that higher likelihood of acceptance of care management services was uniquely associated with cohabitation of caregiver and patient (p < 0.001), lesser severity of dementia (p = 0.03), and higher patient comorbidity (p = 0.03); it also varied across healthcare organization sites.

Conclusions

Understanding factors that influence care management participation could result in increased adoption of successful programs to improve quality of care. Using these factors to revise both program design as well as program promotion may also benefit external validity of future quality improvement research trials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Software Quality Using the Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Korkmaz Omer , Akman Ibrahim , Ostrovska Sofiya
Published: December 2011

Quality of software is one of the most critical concerns in software system development, and many products fail to meet the quality objectives when constructed initially. Software quality is highly affected by the development process's actual dynamics. This article proposes the use of the Markov decision process (MDP) for the assessment of software quality because MDP is a useful technique to abstract the model of dynamics of the development process and to test its impact on quality. Additionally, the MDP modeling of the dynamics leads to early prediction of the quality, from the design phases all the way through the different stages of development. The proposed approach is based on the stochastic nature of the software development process, including project architecture, construction strategy of Software Quality Assurance system, its qualification actions, and team assignment strategy. It accepts these factors as inputs, generating a relative quality degree as an output. The proposed approach has been demonstrated for the design phase with a case study taken from the literature. The results prove its robustness and capability to identify appropriate policies in terms of quality, cost, and time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasonography in gastric lymphomas: appraisal on reliability in long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Vetro Calogero , Romano Alessandra , Chiarenza Annalisa , Conticello Concetta , Donnarumma Daniela , Gorgone Ausilia , Coppolino Francesco , Palumbo Giuseppe Alberto , Bonanno Giacomo , Di Raimondo Francesco
Published: December 2011

The reliability of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in follow‐up management of gastric lymphomas has not been clearly validated. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 23 patients, 12 affected by mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, eight by diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, and three by high‐grade lymphoma with low‐grade component, all treated with a stomach‐conservative approach. One hundred and twenty matched evaluations with both EUS and endoscopy with biopsy (E‐Bx) were performed, according to validated guidelines and clinical judgment. At a median follow‐up of 87 months ranged between 9.5 and 166 months, the analysis of progression‐free survival and disease‐free survival showed a strict relationship between the persistence of EUS abnormalities and the clinical outcome in patients with MALT lymphoma (p = 0.0079; p = 0.02) but not in patients with high‐grade lymphoma. In conclusion, EUS evaluation does not seem reliable in follow‐up management of high‐grade lymphomas, although it could have a great clinical impact in the management of MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of community colleges in educating women in science and engineering
Authors: Jackson Dimitra Lynette , Laanan Frankie Santos
Published: December 2011

This chapter discusses the role of community colleges in educating the next generation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Implications for policy and practice are offered, based on the major findings from a mixed‐method study on the experiences of women in STEM who transferred to a four‐year college from the community college system.
New tools for examining undergraduate students' STEM stereotypes: Implications for women and other underrepresented groups
Authors: Nassar‐McMillan Sylvia C. , Wyer Mary , Oliver‐Hoyo Maria , Schneider Jennifer
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the scale development process for three new scales designed to measure attitudes and perceptions about scientists and offer implications for how these tools can be used on college campuses and for future research.
Student typologies in higher education
Authors: Hu Shouping , Katherine Lindsey , Kuh George D.
Published: December 2011

This chapter reviews various student typologies developed over time and the stability and change in American college students' characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors the typologies reflect.
A developmental typology of faculty‐student interaction outside the classroom
Authors: Cox Bradley E.
Published: December 2011

This chapter presents a typology of faculty‐student interaction outside the classroom. As both a descriptive framework and a developmental model, the typology can be used independently or to augment traditional survey research. The chapter concludes with five lessons learned about faculty‐student interaction outside the classroom.