bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of intracellular cAMP levels in osteocytes by mechano-sensitive focal adhesion kinase via PDE8A
Authors: Papaioannou Garyfallia , Sato Tadatoshi , Houghton Caroline , Kotsalidis Parthena E , Strauss Katelyn E , Dean Thomas , Nelson Alissa J. , Stokes Matthew , Gardella Thomas J , Wein Marc N
Published: June 2024

Osteocytes are the primary mechano-sensitive cell type in bone. Mechanical loading is sensed across the dendritic projections of osteocytes leading to transient reductions in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. Knowledge regarding the signaling pathways downstream of FAK in osteocytes is incomplete. We performed tyrosine-focused phospho-proteomic profiling in osteocyte-like Ocy454 cells to identify FAK substrates. Gsα, parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R), and phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A), all proteins associated with cAMP signaling, were found as potential FAK targets based on their reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in both FAK- deficient or FAK inhibitor treated cells. Real time monitoring of intracellular cAMP levels revealed that FAK pharmacologic inhibition or gene deletion increased basal and GPCR ligand-stimulated cAMP levels and downstream phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates. Mutating FAK phospho-acceptor sites in Gsα and PTH1R had no effect on PTH- or FAK inhibitor-stimulated cAMP levels. Since FAK inhibitor treatment augmented cAMP levels even in the presence of forskolin, we focused on potential FAK substrates downstream of cAMP generation. Indeed, PDE8A inhibition mimicked FAK inhibition at the level of increased cAMP, PKA activity, and expression of cAMP-regulated target genes.In vitrokinase assay showed that PDE8A is directly phosphorylated by FAK while immunoprecipitation assays revealed intracellular association between FAK and PDE8A. Thus, FAK inhibition in osteocytes acts synergistically with signals that activate adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cAMP. Mechanically-regulated FAK can modulate intracellular cAMP levels via effects on PDE8A. These data suggest a novel signal transduction mechanism that mediates crosstalk between mechanical and cAMP-linked hormonal signaling in osteocytes.
Proteomic analysis of isolated nerve terminals from NaV1.9 knockout mice reveals pathways relevant for neuropathic pain signalling
Authors: Rawat Ankita , Vu Duc Tung , Erbacher Christoph , Stigloher Christian , Üçeyler Nurcan , Mann Matthias , Briese Michael , Sendtner Michael
Published: June 2024

Neuropathic pain substantially affects the mental and physical well-being of patients and magnifies the socio-economic burden on the healthcare system. It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic pain to effectively target it. To investigate peripheral mechanisms relevant to pain signaling, we isolated nerve terminals from mouse footpads. The isolated peripheral terminals contain both pre- and post-synaptic proteins and are deficient in keratin and histone in both mice and humans. We detected the protein translational machinery and mitochondria in nerve terminals and observed that they were capable of endocytosis. An unbiased proteomic analysis of nerve terminals from footpads of NaV1.9 knockout mice shows dysregulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways, and of protein components involved in translation and energy metabolism. Isolation of human nerve terminals from skin punch biopsies, validated by proteomic analysis, highlights the broad and translational value of our approach. Our study thus reveals peripheral signaling mechanisms implicated in pain perception.
RFC1regulates the expansion of neural progenitors in the developing zebrafish cerebellum
Authors: Nobilleau Fanny , Audet Sébastien , Turk Sanaa , Zaouter Charlotte , Liao Meijiang , Pilon Nicolas , Tétreault Martine , Patten Shunmoogum A. , Samarut Éric
Published: June 2024

DNA replication and repair are basic yet essential molecular processes for all cells.RFC1encodes the largest subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC), which is a clamp-loader during DNA replication and repair. Intronic repeat expansion inRFC1has recently been associated with so-calledRFC1-related disorders, which mainly encompass late-onset cerebellar ataxias. However, the mechanisms that make certain tissues more susceptible to defects in these universal pathways remain mysterious. In this study, we provide the first investigation ofRFC1gene functionin vivousing zebrafish. We showed thatRFC1is expressed in neural progenitor cells within the developing cerebellum and that it is necessary to maintain these cells’ genomic integrity during neurogenic maturation. Accordingly,RFC1loss-of-function leads to a severe cerebellar phenotype due to impaired neurogenesis of both Purkinje and granule cells. Our data thus point to a specific role ofRFC1in the developing cerebellum, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlyingRFC1-related disorders.
Layer Va neurons, as major presynaptic partners of corticospinal neurons, play critical roles in skilled movements
Authors: Imai Fumiyasu , Matsuura Ken , Yang Emily , Klinefelter Kelsey , Alexandrou Gabriella , Letelier Agustín , Takatani Hirohide , Osakada Fumitaka , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: June 2024

Corticospinal neurons (CSNs) are located in the cortex and projecting into the spinal cord. The activation of CSNs, which is associated with skilled motor behaviors, induces the activation of interneurons in the spinal cord. Eventually, motor neuron activation is induced by corticospinal circuits to coordinate muscle activation. Therefore, elucidating how the activation of CSNs in the brain is regulated is necessary for understanding the roles of CSNs in skilled motor behaviors. However, the presynaptic partners of CSNs in the brain remain to be identified. Here, we performed transsynaptic rabies virus-mediated brain-wide mapping to identify presynaptic partners of CSNs (pre-CSNs). We found that pre-CSNs are located in all cortical layers, but major pre-CSNs are located in layer Va. A small population of pre-CSNs are also located outside the cortex, such as in the thalamus. Inactivation of layer Va neurons inTlx3-Cremice results in deficits in skilled reaching and grasping behaviors, suggesting that, similar to CSNs, layer Va neurons are critical for skilled movements.

Finally, we examined whether the connectivity of CSNs is altered after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that unlike connections between CNSs and postsynaptic neurons, connections between pre-CSNs and CSNs do not change after SCI.
Axial asymmetry organizes division plane orthogonality inNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Bandekar Aditya C. , Ramirez-Diaz Diego A. , Palace Samantha G. , Wang Yi , Garner Ethan C. , Grad Yonatan H.
Published: June 2024

For rod-shaped bacterial model organisms, the division plane is defined by the geometry of the cell. However, forNeisseria gonorrhoeae, a coccoid organism that most commonly exists as a diplococcus and that possesses genes coding for rod-based cell division systems, the relationship between cell geometry and division is unclear. Here, we characterized the organization ofN. gonorrhoeaedivision using a combination of fluorescent probes, genetics, and time-lapse microscopy. We found that the planes of successive cell divisions are orthogonal and temporally overlapping, thereby maintaining diplococcal morphology. Division takes place perpendicular to a subtle long-axis in each coccus. In keeping with the ParABS and the MinCDE systems reading the long-axis of rod-shaped bacteria, in the coccoidN. gonorrhoeae, ParB segregates along this subtle long-axis and cells lackingminCDEhave severe morphological consequences, including an inability to perform orthogonal division and aberrant assembly of the division plane at the cell poles. Taken together, this stresses the central role of even slight dimensional asymmetry as a general organizational principle in bacterial cell division.
PP2A-B56 regulates Mid1 protein levels for proper cytokinesis in fission yeast
Authors: Chrupcala Madeline L. , Moseley James B.
Published: June 2024

Protein phosphorylation regulates many steps in the cell division process including cytokinesis. In fission yeast cells, the anillin-like protein Mid1 sets the cell division plane and is regulated by phosphorylation. Multiple protein kinases act on Mid1, but no protein phosphatases have been shown to regulate Mid1. Here, we discovered that the conserved protein phosphatase PP2A-B56 is required for proper cytokinesis by promoting Mid1 protein levels. We find thatpar1Δcells lacking the primary B56 subunit divide asymmetrically due to the assembly of misplaced cytokinetic rings that slide towards cell tips. Thesepar1Δmutants have reduced whole-cell levels of Mid1 protein, leading to reduced Mid1 at the cytokinetic ring. Restoring proper Mid1 expression suppressespar1Δcytokinesis defects. This work identifies a new PP2A-B56 pathway regulating cytokinesis through Mid1, with implications for control of cytokinesis in other organisms.
Tax avoidance and tax evasion: current insights and future research directions from an emerging economy
Authors: Hossain Md Shamim , Ali Md. Sobhan , Ling Chui Ching , Fung Chorng Yuan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify factors affecting tax avoidance and tax evasion in Bangladesh and propose a future research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviewed 423 articles published between 2010 and 2023 using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach.

Findings

The review classified the factors into three categories, namely individual taxpayers, corporate taxpayers and tax administration. Income level, tax penalty, tax morale, inefficient tax return system and tax assessment process are associated with the individual’s tax avoidance and tax evasion activities. Profitability, corporate governance and financial restrictions are key factors influencing corporate taxpayers’ involvement in tax avoidance and tax evasion. Factors related to tax administration include lack of social interaction, distrust of national officials, complexities of policies, politicisation of tax authority, lack of political stability, incompetent auditing, insufficient recording, lack of administrative cooperation, lack of accountability, insufficient counselling and compromising in tax prosecution cases.

Practical implications

This paper provides tax regulators with insights to improve regulations and lessen tax avoidance and tax evasion activities.

Originality/value

This paper is the first attempt to provide guidance for academics when examining tax avoidance and tax evasion in Bangladesh.
Determinants of behavior towards hemp-based products: an application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lacasse Hannah , Buzas Jeffrey , Kolodinsky Jane , Mark Tyler , Hill Rebecca , Snell William , Darby Heather
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper examines how U.S. consumer intentions to adopt hemp vary across product types using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected via an online survey of U.S. residents in 2022 (n = 1,948). Two-step structural equation modeling is used to examine how TPB constructs and background factors influence intent to use five different hemp-based products: cannabidiol (CBD), clothing, food, personal care products, and pet products. Data are analyzed using R.

Findings

Positive attitudes towards all categories of hemp-based products increase the probability of adoption, while subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have limited and varied significant influence across product models. Age has a consistent significant and negative influence on adoption.

Research limitations/implications

Findings highlight consumer segmentation and marketing opportunities, inform hemp stakeholder decision-making, and provide directions for future research. Given the absence of explanatory power of SN and PBC on most product models and the diversity of products and nuanced U.S. hemp policy, future research could investigate expanded iterations of TPB. Using revealed behavior could also highlight potential intention-behavior gaps and offer more robust insights for hemp stakeholders.

Originality/value

Findings contribute to a limited body of information on markets and consumer demand for hemp in the U.S.
A stochastic technique to solve interval non-linear programming problems using GH-difference
Authors: Kumari Shaveta , Srivastava Saurabh
Published: June 2024

Purpose

A stochastic technique for solving interval non-linear problems using generalized Hukuhara (GH)-difference is proposed. The non-linear programming problem in interval form is transformed into an equivalent non-linear programming problem with real coefficients by associating a Gaussian random variable to the interval and the six-sigma rule. The conceptualized idea eliminates the decision maker’s instinctive selection of weight functions and provides an alternative to the order relation method, max-min criteria-based methods and bi-level approaches for representing intervals as real numbers. To demonstrate a coherent understanding, numerical examples have been used.

Design/methodology/approach

A stochastic approach has been used to develop a solution technique for solving interval nonlinear programming problems which arise in the modeling of scientific and engineering problems under uncertain environments.

Findings

The proposed idea eliminates the decision maker’s instinctive selection of weight functions and provides an alternative to the order relation method, max-min criteria-based methods and bi-level approaches for representing intervals as real numbers. This method provides specific results rather than in the interval form, which are more practical and implementable by the decision maker.

Originality/value

This is to certify, that the research paper submitted is an outcome of original work. I have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. This article has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.
Effect of polygenic scores of telomere length alleles on telomere length in newborns and parents
Authors: Lee Yunsung , Jugessur Astanand , Gjessing Håkon K. , Harris Jennifer R. , Susser Ezra , Magnus Per , Aviv Abraham
Published: June 2024

In adults, polygenic scores (PGSs) of telomere length (TL) alleles explain about 4.5% of the variance in TL, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Yet, these PGSs strongly infer a causal role of telomeres in aging‐related diseases. To better understand the determinants of TL through the lifespan, it is essential to examine to what extent these PGSs explain TL in newborns. This study investigates the effect of PGSs on TL in both newborns and their parents, with TL measured by Southern blotting and expressed in base‐pairs (bp). Additionally, the study explores the impact of PGSs related to transmitted or non‐transmitted alleles on TL in newborns. For parents and newborns, the PGS effects on TL were 172 bp (p =  2.03 × 10−15) and 161 bp (p =  3.06 × 10−8), explaining 6.6% and 5.2% of the TL variance, respectively. The strongest PGS effect was shown for maternally transmitted alleles in newborn girls, amounting to 214 bp (p =  3.77 × 10−6) and explaining 7.8% of the TL variance. The PGS effect of non‐transmitted alleles was 56 bp (p = 0.0593) and explained 0.6% of the TL variance. Our findings highlight the importance of TL genetics in understanding early‐life determinants of TL. They point to the potential utility of PGSs composed of TL alleles in identifying susceptibility to aging‐related diseases from birth and reveal the presence of sexual dimorphism in the effect of TL alleles on TL in newborns. Finally, we attribute the higher TL variance explained by PGSs in our study to TL measurement by Southern blotting.
Periodontitis and the risk of oral, gastric and esophageal cancers: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sheng C , Han XX , Li MY , Jia XX , Wang KJ
Published: June 2024

Background

Periodontitis is a common oral disease and the chronic inflammation caused by it may influence the development of cancers in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Many observational studies have established a relationship between the two, but the results are not entirely consistent.

Methods

Two‐sample MR was performed using publicly available genome‐wide association studies data for periodontitis, oral, gastric and oesophagal cancers. The Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method serves as the primary method, with MR Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Model and Weighted Model Algorithm methods as complementary methods to assess genetic causal associations. Cochran Q‐test, MR‐Egger regression and MR polytropic residuals and outliers were used to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

IVW results did not support a causal association between periodontitis and oral (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00) and oesophagal cancer (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00). Similarly, there was again no causal association between periodontitis and gastric cancer, which was integrated with an OR of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.12). Complementary method results were consistent with IVW and heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were not found in most studies.

Conclusions

The findings of our MR study do not support a causal relationship between periodontitis and oral, gastric and oesophagal cancers.
Loneliness and socioemotional memory
Authors: Igarashi Tasuku
Published: June 2024

Do chronically high‐lonely individuals exhibit specific memory biases when recalling past social episodes? We explored negative memory biases, focusing on the recall of unfavourable social experiences and social memory biases, emphasizing the recall of social experiences irrespective of emotional valence. We conducted a dictionary‐based semantic analysis of autobiographical episodes obtained from 4095 participants via four datasets. Participants recalled a positive, negative or emotionally neutral episode from their recent past. High‐lonely individuals predominantly exhibited a decline in recalling positive social episodes, providing partial support for negative memory biases. However, both high‐ and low‐lonely individuals were similarly inclined to recall negative social episodes. These results suggest that the primary issue among high‐lonely individuals is the limited recall of positive social experiences rather than the general negativity in memory biases or the hypersensitivity to general social memories.
A conciliatory and persuasive social campaign changes owner behavior to reduce cats' hunting
Authors: MacDonald Edith , Farnworth Mark , van Heezik Yolanda , Stafford Kevin , Linklater Wayne
Published: June 2024

Solutions to the cats‐hunting‐wildlife environmental conflict could benefit from social science approaches. Our Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire—informed by an elicitation survey of cat owners at veterinary clinics about their attitudes, norms, and beliefs regarding bringing their cats inside at night—surveyed 158 cat owners across 20 veterinarian clinics in four cities. It revealed that wildlife conservation was not influential on cat owner intention but veterinarians, cat safety, peers, and household members were. Thus, we designed a social marketing campaign with two treatments: (1) a veterinarian/cat safety message or (2) social/family norm message. Thirty‐four veterinary clinics received one of the two campaign posters or served as the control group. Customers (n = 510) received a “cat welfare” survey and then a pamphlet with the advocated message, and a follow‐up survey by email or telephone 3–6 weeks later (69% response rate). Campaign messaging significantly increased the number of cat owners who reported bringing their cats inside at night compared to the control group. The social/family norm message was most effective. Although rudimentary, the campaign generated measurable changes in cat owner intention and behavior. Conservation campaigns informed by co‐benefits for cat owners may reduce cats' hunting and be conciliatory ways of transcending environmental conflict.
Dysregulated ribosome quality control in human diseases
Authors: McGirr Tom , Onar Okan , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Precise regulation of mRNA translation is of fundamental importance for maintaining homeostasis. Conversely, dysregulated general or transcript‐specific translation, as well as abnormal translation events, have been linked to a multitude of diseases. However, driven by the misconception that the transient nature of mRNAs renders their abnormalities inconsequential, the importance of mechanisms that monitor the quality and fidelity of the translation process has been largely overlooked. In recent years, there has been a dramatic shift in this paradigm, evidenced by several seminal discoveries on the role of a key mechanism in monitoring the quality of mRNA translation – namely, Ribosome Quality Control (RQC) – in the maintenance of homeostasis and the prevention of diseases. Here, we will review recent advances in the field and emphasize the biological significance of the RQC mechanism, particularly its implications in human diseases.
Identifying factors associated with locomotive syndrome using machine learning methods: The third survey of the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study
Authors: Nakahara Eri , Iidaka Toshiko , Chiba Akihiro , Kurasawa Hisashi , Fujino Akinori , Shiomi Nagisa , Maruyama Hirohito , Horii Chiaki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Oka Hiroyuki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kozo , Akune Toru , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko
Published: June 2024

Aim

To identify factors associated with locomotive syndrome (LS) using medical questionnaire data and machine learning.

Methods

A total of 1575 participants underwent the LS risk tests from the third survey of the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study (ROAD) study. LS was defined as stage 1 or higher based on clinical decision limits of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. A total of 1335 items of medical questionnaire data came from this study. The number of medical questionnaire items was reduced from 1335 to 331 in data cleaning. From the 331 items, identify factors associated with LS use by light gradient boosting machine‐based recursive feature elimination with cross‐validation. The performance of each set was evaluated using an average of seven performance metrics, including 95% confidence intervals, using a bootstrapping method. The smallest set of items is determined with the highest average of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) under 20 items as association factors of LS. Additionally, the performance of the selected items was compared with the LS risk tests and Loco‐check.

Results

The nine items have the best average ROC‐AUC under 20 items. The nine items show an average ROC‐AUC of 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.816–0.898). Age and back pain during walking were strongly associated with the prevalence of LS. The ROC‐AUC of nine items is higher than that of existing questionnaire‐based LS assessments, including the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotor Scale and Loco‐check.

Conclusions

The identified nine items could aid early LS detection, enhancing understanding and prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 806–813.
Examining identity disclosure: Racial and ethnic identity amongst Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States
Authors: Shaff Jaimie , Cubbage Janel , Bandara Sachini , Wilcox Holly C.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Providing personal demographic information is routine practice in the United States, and yet, little is known about the impacts of this process. This study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States when disclosing racial/ethnic identity.

Methods

Seventeen semistructured interviews were conducted with adults identifying as Multiracial/ethnic. The Multiracial/ethnic identities of participants included Black or African American and White; Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino; Black or African American and AI/AN; AI/AN and White and Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and White. Multiple participants reported identifying with multiple ethnic groups for any single broad category. Three identified as sexual minorities. Nine were Millennials; six were Gen X; one was Gen Z; one was Baby Boomer. Qualitative data were analyzed using staged hybrid inductive–deductive thematic analysis.

Results

Disclosure of racial and ethnic identities presents a unique stressor for Multiracial/ethnic populations due to methods used to obtain data, perceived mismatch of identity and phenotype and exposure to prejudice. Social norms, constructs and movements impact the categories that a Multiracial/ethnic person indicates to external parties.

Conclusions

The stress and negative feelings that Multiracial/ethnic adults face when identifying their race/ethnicity underscore the broader implications of standard demographic questions on feelings of inclusivity and visibility within a population.

Patient or Public Contribution

Gathering data on individuals' racial and ethnic backgrounds is a standard practice, and yet, it can pose challenges for those who identify with multiple groups or do not see their identities reflected in the options provided. Such individuals may feel excluded or experience unfair treatment when disclosing their identity, leading to significant stress. As the frequency of this data collection increases, it is essential that the questions are posed empathetically and equitably, with a strong commitment to enhancing inclusivity throughout the process.
Odonata responses to dispersal and niche processes differ across Amazonian endemism regions
Authors: Brito Joás Silva , Cottenie Karl , Cruz Gabriel Martins , Calvão Lenize Batista , Oliveira‐Junior José Max Barbosa , Carvalho Fernando Geraldo , Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Dias‐Silva Karina , Bastos Rafael Costa , Resende Bethânia Oliveira , Ferreira Victor Rennan Santos , Vieira Lisandro Juno Soares , Michelan Thaisa Sala , Juen Leandro
Published: June 2024

Niche and dispersal‐based processes govern freshwater communities, such as aquatic insects, shaping their distribution and establishment in the environment. So, we aimed to address the relative influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes on Odonata diversity in Amazonian freshwater systems, and the influence of species dispersal functional traits on their longitudinal and latitudinal ranges.

We used the Dispersal‐Niche Continuum Index (DNCI) to test (i) regions more distant would present a prevalence of dispersal‐based processes, and (ii) different patterns would come from the two Odonata suborders; and by applying generalised linear models, we tested (iii) dispersal‐related functional traits from the suborders would influence latitudinal and longitudinal midpoints of the species.

We found that more distant regions had lower values of pairwise Dispersal–Niche Continuum, mainly for Zygoptera, corroborating our first hypothesis. Moreover, Zygoptera also presented the lowest absolute values of Dispersal–Niche Continuum and Anisoptera presented a joint influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes, agreeing with our second hypothesis. Only Zygoptera presented a significant association between dispersal functional traits and longitudinal midpoints, corroborating our third hypothesis.

Our results indicated a prevalence of dispersal‐related processes for Zygoptera, which can be explained by massive geographical barriers, such as the rivers, and their narrow physiological and ecological tolerance. Moreover, dispersal‐related traits demonstrated significant influence on longitudinal midpoints of Zygoptera, a scenario that the presence of the rivers may explain. A better understanding of the prevalent predictors of the species and how their dispersal ability governs their distribution has conservational implications.
Thermal shock resistance of silica gel‐modified magnesium carboxylate‐bonded high alumina castables
Authors: Sun Luyan , Xiao Guoqing , Ding Donghai , Jin Endong , Lei Changkun , Chong Xiaochuan , Feng Yuan , Chen Jianjun , Zou Chao , Zheng Xin
Published: June 2024

Silica gel‐modified hydratable magnesium carboxylate (HMC) is used as the binder for refractory castables. The mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance of HMC bonded and silica gel‐modified HMC‐bonded castables were compared. When the HMC/silica gel mass ratio is 2, the cold modulus of rupture, the hot modulus of rupture, the residual strength ratio after three‐times water quenching tests, and the matrix‐specific fracture energy of the castables were increased by 300%, 124%, 44.7%, and 132%, respectively, compared with HMC‐bonded castables. The characterization of microstructure evolution of silica gel‐modified HMC‐bonded castables indicated that a small amount of liquid phase generated is conducive to improving the high‐temperature mechanical properties. The in situ alumina‐rich spinel and needle‐like mullite toughened the matrix and enhanced the thermal shock resistance of the castables by “microcrack generation” and “preventing crack propagation” mechanisms.
Synthesis of sub‐micron sized SiC particles with high defect density by using polytetrafluoroethylene as an additive
Authors: Xing Yun , Ren Bo , Li Bin , Chen Junhong , Yin Shu , Lin Huan , Liu Yuanhui
Published: June 2024

A new preparation process for silicon carbide (SiC) powder is developed. In the Si–(C) –PTFE–Ar system, the grain size and morphology of the product 3C–SiC were controlled by adding a carbon source (graphite) and changing the percentage of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (0%, 10%, and 20%). The experimental results showed that the SiC powders prepared using a molar ratio of 1:1 silicon powder to graphite, plus 20% PTFE have a uniform particle size distribution (∼130 nm), a lamellar structure made of spherical particle stacking, a small bandgap (1.80 eV), a high carrier concentration, and a large number of lattice defects. These properties are expected to increase the electrical conductivity of 3C–SiC and decrease its thermal conductivity, thus providing a promising feedstock preparation option for SiC thermoelectric materials. In addition, the mechanism of PTFE in the preparation of SiC reactions was studied in detail.
Fifty‐two years of consumer research based on social exchange theory: A review and research agenda using topic modeling
Authors: Mishra Manit , Mund Pallabi
Published: June 2024

Social exchange theory (SET) is a leading sociopsychological theory that has enriched understanding of consumers' behavior. In this study, we examine application of SET in consumer research over last 52 years (1971–2022) in terms of predominant topics, publications, outlets, networks, and clusters. We adopt a holistic approach by amalgamating systematic literature review (SLR) using Scientific Procedures and Rationales for SLRs protocol; scientometric analysis utilizing bibliographic coupling and betweenness centrality; and topic modeling employing latent Dirichlet allocation. Based on text analysis of 215 full research papers, the study extracts five predominant areas of extant consumer research leveraging SET: (1) relationship marketing, (2) collaborative consumption, (3) gifting behavior, (4) brand experience, and (5) tourism and hospitality. Scientometric mapping reveals six cohesive clusters and identifies seminal studies in SET‐based consumer research. Building upon the insights, the article concludes by presenting agenda for future research.
Tinnitus update: what can be done for the ringing?
Authors: Tsang Benjamin K.T. , Collins Grant G. , Anderson Shane , Westcott Myriam
Published: June 2024

Physicians will frequently encounter patients who report tinnitus. Tinnitus is a symptom whereby there is the perception of sound or sounds in the ear or head in the absence of an external source of sound. Most individuals experiencing tinnitus will have a neutral reaction to the percept, but in a small proportion of patients, tinnitus can be a debilitating symptom. When it causes burden, patients can be affected in multiple different facets of life, including impairment in sleep, hearing cognition and psychological and psychiatric well‐being, often resulting in high healthcare utilisation and societal costs. Hence, chronic, disabling tinnitus is a complex condition with multifactorial causes and multiple perpetuating biopsychosocial factors. Despite efforts to increase knowledge about its pathophysiology and research into treatments, little impact on real‐world clinical practice has been seen. There are no proven effective pharmacological treatments or complementary medicines specifically for chronic, disabling tinnitus. Despite this, there is a role for treating this condition through a multidisciplinary approach specifically targeting comorbid active psychiatric conditions, using hearing aids in appropriate clinical settings such as in those with a coassociated confirmed hearing loss, and specialised cognitive behavioural therapy for patients reporting bothersome tinnitus. Cognitive behavioural therapy remains the most valuable evidence‐based intervention in this regard. This narrative review attempts to summarise the current understanding in terms of pathophysiology, assessment and treatment of tinnitus for the internal physician who may encounter patients with disabling, chronic tinnitus.
Safeguarding adults: A concept analysis
Authors: Duffy Anita , Browne Freda , Connolly Michael
Published: June 2024

Aims

This article aimed to examine the concept of safeguarding adults and establish an operational definition for application to practice, research and policy.

Design

Rodgers' evolutionary and inductive method of concept analysis was used.

Data Sources

A systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed, covering the period from January 2014 to May 2023. This systematic database search aimed to gather a broad spectrum of research and scholarly literature to inform and support the concept analysis. A total of 10 peer‐reviewed articles were reviewed using a data chart to identify the context, definitions, antecedents, attributes and consequences of safeguarding adults.

Results

The analysis of the included articles helped to develop a better understanding of safeguarding adults by offering a practical operational definition tailored to the specific needs of practising nurses. The implications for practice, research and policy are discussed, highlighting the potential for improving the quality of care and ensuring the well‐being of adults at risk of abuse.

Conclusion

By employing Rogers' evolutionary concept analysis method, we developed a deeper insight into safeguarding adults in health care. A synthesis of literature revealed the intricate layers and adaptations within safeguarding practices. This concept analysis lays the groundwork for future research, policy development and educational initiatives, enhancing the well‐being and safety of adults at risk of abuse within care.

Impact

By undertaking a concept analysis of the term safeguarding adults' nurses can be more prepared to engage in and reinforce the key principles of safeguarding adults, providing guidance to ensure the protection and well‐being of adults at risk of abuse.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.

What this Paper Contributes to the Wider Body of Knowledge

This concept analysis helps to define and clarify the conceptual term ‘safeguarding adults’ promoting a shared understanding of the key components of adult protection and providing a comprehensive framework for assessment and management of adults at risk of abuse in this field of practice.
Pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes: Involvement of DNA methylation and downregulation of homeostatic genes
Authors: Cuautle Dante Gómez , Donna Soledad , Cieri María Belén , Villarreal Alejandro , Ramos Alberto Javier
Published: June 2024

Astrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons, maintain ionic and water homeostasis, and uptake and recycle neurotransmitters. After exposure to the prototypical PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive astrocytes increase the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes, facilitating neurodegeneration. In this study, we analyzed the expression of homeostatic genes in astrocytes exposed to LPS and identified the epigenetic factors contributing to the suppression of homeostatic genes in reactive astrocytes. Primary astrocytic cultures were acutely exposed to LPS and allowed to recover for 24, 72 h, and 7 days. As expected, LPS exposure induced reactive astrogliosis and increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory IL‐1B and IL‐6. Interestingly, the acute exposure resulted in persistent hypermethylation of astroglial DNA. Similar hypermethylation was observed in highly reactive astrocytes from the traumatic brain injury (TBI) penumbra in vivo. Hypermethylation was accompanied by decreased expression of homeostatic genes including LDHA and Scl16a1 (MCT1) both involved in the lactate shuttle to neurons; glutamine synthase (GS) responsible for glutamate processing; Kcnj10 (Kir4.1) important for K+ homeostasis, and the water channel aquaporin‐4 (Aqp4). Furthermore, the master regulator of DNA methylation, MAFG‐1, as well as DNA methyl transferases DNMT1 and DNMT3a were overexpressed. The downregulation of homeostatic genes correlated with increased methylation of CpG islands in their promoters, as assessed by methylation‐sensitive PCR and increased DNMT3a binding to the GS promoter. Treatment with decitabine, a DNMT inhibitor, prevented the LPS‐ and the HMGB‐1‐induced downregulation of homeostatic genes. Decitabine treatment also prevented the neurotoxic effects of these astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. In summary, our findings reveal that the pathological remodeling of reactive astrocytes encompasses not only the pro‐inflammatory response but, significantly, also entails a long‐term suppression of homeostatic gene expression with methylation of crucial CpG islands within their promoters.

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Anti‐wrinkle efficacy of standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis: Implications for antiaging and skin health
Authors: Radić Božo , Radić Saša , Mašek Tomislav , Šuran Jelena
Published: June 2024

Background

The increasing quest for effective and safe antiaging skincare solutions has led to a surge in the exploration of natural compounds such as phenolic acids. Despite the proven efficacy of traditional antiaging ingredients like retinol, their associated side effects have necessitated the search for alternatives.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the anti‐wrinkle efficacy of a standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis, employing both in vitro and clinical methodologies to explore its suitability as a novel antiaging skincare ingredient for sensitive and nonsensitive skin types.

Patients/Methods

The study comprised of evaluating PAPE effects on key skin health biomarkers in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. A double‐blind, randomized clinical trial involving female participants aged 30–70 years assessed the wrinkle‐reducing effectiveness of face creams formulated with two concentrations of PAPE (1.5% and 3%) over a 28‐day period.

Results

In vitro studies indicated that PAPE could modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling biomarkers. The clinical trial demonstrated that applying PAPE‐enriched cream resulted in significant wrinkle reduction, with 25% and 34% improvements for the 1.5% and 3% PAPE formulations, respectively. Subjective feedback from participants further validated the antiaging efficacy and overall satisfaction with the product.

Conclusion

Incorporating PAPE offers a compelling antiaging solution, significantly reducing wrinkle depth with a favorable safety profile. The study substantiates PAPE's potential as an effective and safe alternative to conventional antiaging ingredients, aligning with the cosmetic industry's shift toward natural, evidence‐based formulations.
Demography and Management of Invasive Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) From Manasbal Lake Kashmir, India
Authors: Andrabi Saima , Bakhtiyar Yahya , Arafat Mohammad Yasir , Bhat Abrar Ahmad , Parveen Muni
Published: June 2024

The present work was carried out to study the demographic aspects of Cyprinus carpio, an invasive species and an ecological pest capable of universal existence. Data on length–frequency was obtained from the two varieties of C. carpio from the deepest freshwater lake of India, Manasbal Lake, over a time period of 1 year (March 2019–February 2020) and analysed using the FiSAT‐II software. The mean total length was reported to be 18.58 cm for C. carpio var. communis and 19.18 cm for C. carpio var. specularis, with the dominant length groups being 20–21 and 19–20 cm, respectively. The length–weight relationship parameters yielded the equation logTW = (2.56) logTL − 1.30, r = 0.94, for C. carpio var. communis, with a condition factor (K) value of 1.42 ± 0.25, and logTW = (2.53) logTL − 1.26, r = 0.93 for C. carpio var. specularis, with a condition factor (K) value of 1.38 ± 0.20. Different parameters obtained from the von Bertalanffy growth equation included L∞ = 38.85 cm; K = 0.170/year; ø′ = 2.409 and t0 = −0.93 for C. carpio var. communis, and L∞ = 30.45 cm; K = 0.210/year; ø′ = 2.289 and t0 = −0.80 for C. carpio var. specularis. The mortality parameters, including total, natural and fishing mortality, were also estimated for C. carpio var. communis to be Z = 0.08, M = 0.40 and F = −0.32, and for C. carpio var. specularis, to be Z = 0.22, M = 0.49 and F = −0.27, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) estimated for both varieties revealed its very less exploitation, suggesting more efficient methods to explore Manasbal Lake to its full capacity and to determine proper measures needed to be taken to conserve the native fauna.
Escalation by duplication: Milkweed bug trumps Monarch butterfly
Authors: Beran Franziska , Heckel David G.
Published: June 2024

The iconic Monarch butterfly is probably the best‐known example of chemical defence against predation, as pictures of vomiting naive blue jays in countless textbooks vividly illustrate. Larvae of the butterfly take up toxic cardiac glycosides from their milkweed hostplants and carry them over to the adult stage. These compounds (cardiotonic steroids, including cardenolides and bufadienolides) inhibit the animal transmembrane sodium‐potassium ATPase (Na,K‐ATPase), but the Monarch enzyme resists this inhibition thanks to amino acid substitutions in its catalytic alpha‐subunit. Some birds also have substitutions and can feast on cardiac glycoside‐sequestering insects with impunity. A flurry of recent work has shown how the alpha‐subunit gene has been duplicated multiple times in separate insect lineages specializing in cardiac glycoside‐producing plants. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Herbertz et al. toss the beta‐subunit into the mix, by expressing all nine combinations of three alpha‐ and three beta‐subunits of the milkweed bug Na,K‐ATPase and testing their response to a cardenolide from the hostplant. The findings suggest that the diversification and subfunctionalization of genes allow milkweed bugs to balance trade‐offs between resistance towards sequestered host plant toxins that protect the bugs from predators, and physiological costs in terms of Na,K‐ATPase activity.
Secure attachment imagery facilitates help‐seeking and help‐acceptance in psychosis
Authors: Skrobinska Laura , Newman‐Taylor Katherine , Carnelley Katherine
Published: June 2024

Objectives

People with psychosis delay accessing recommended treatments, resulting in poor healthcare outcomes and increased risk of relapse. Means of improving help‐seeking and help‐acceptance could reduce duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). This study examined the role of attachment style in help‐seeking and help‐acceptance in psychosis.

Design

We used an experimental design to test the effect of attachment imagery priming on help‐seeking and help‐acceptance intentions, in a sample with self‐reported psychosis. The independent variables were attachment imagery condition (secure vs. avoidant) and time (pre‐ vs. post‐prime). The dependent variables were state paranoia, help‐seeking intentions and help‐acceptance intentions.

Methods

We used an online research platform to recruit people with psychosis (n = 61). Participants were randomly allocated to the secure or avoidant attachment priming condition. All completed measures of state paranoia, help‐seeking, and help‐acceptance, before and after priming.

Results

In comparison with the avoidant condition, secure attachment imagery resulted in reduced paranoia and increased help‐seeking and acceptance intentions, all with large effect sizes.

Conclusions

This is the first study to use an experimental design to assess the role of attachment style in help‐seeking and help‐acceptance in a clinical sample. Attachment style is causally linked to behavioural intentions that contribute to DUP. Clinicians should assess attachment and help‐seeking and acceptance, highlight these in formulation, and prioritise in treatment planning. Interventions that enhance help‐seeking and acceptance could improve access to recommended treatments and reduce DUP.
Comparative genomics of Xanthomonas cucurbitae isolates collected from Midwestern United States pumpkin fields
Authors: Rai Rikky , Vittore Kayla M. , Pasion Julius , Malvino Maria L. , Mason Jonathan D. , Liu Qiong , Sulley Salisu , Babadoost Mohammad , Catchen Julian M. , Hind Sarah R.
Published: June 2024

Bacterial spot disease of cucurbits, caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae, is a major problem in cucurbit‐growing areas worldwide. In the Midwestern region of the United States, pumpkin and squash fields can have greater than 90% infected fruits, leading to high yield losses. While reference genomes are available for this bacterial species, the genetic diversity between different strains and populations is unknown. After performing restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) analysis of X. cucurbitae isolates collected from the Midwestern region, we selected five representative isolates for further characterization, which included whole‐genome sequencing and in vitro enzyme and in planta virulence assays. Our results suggest that minimal genetic diversity exists between these isolates, and that the isolates have differential virulence on different cucurbit host plants. This study contributes to our understanding of X. cucurbitae population dynamics in the Midwestern region and may assist with developing additional management strategies for controlling bacterial spot disease of cucurbits.
Gender dynamics and marital bargaining in the Global South
Authors: Yu Jia
Published: June 2024

Bargaining between husband and wife is reflective of the power dynamics in marriage. Women's access to resources and power through bargaining is integral to their empowerment, particularly in the Global South, where more traditional patriarchal family cultures prevail. This review summarizes the key theories concerning marital bargaining and evaluates the recent developments in research on marital bargaining by exploring patterns, determinants, and consequences of bargaining over power and resources among couples in the Global South. Several future research directions are proposed: examining the long‐term implications of the Covid‐19 pandemic on women's agency, employing a more comparative approach, and navigating marital bargaining from a broader family context.