bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Scrutinizing Ion Storage Kinetics in Hollow Ni‐Mn Prussian Blue Analogues for Enhanced Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Obisanya Adekunle Adedapo , Ma Liang , Liu Jinkang , Yang Tianshuo , Ren Zhibin , Tan Xinyi , Gao Faming , Wang Jianren
Published: June 2024

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are a class of promising materials for capacitive deionization. However, the kinetic mismatch between their slow ion storage rate and the demand from short‐time desalination severely limits their desalination performance. Here, a group of structure‐tuneable Ni‐Mn PBAs have been developed by a combination strategy of surface‐protected chemical etching and Ostwald ripening to study their ion storage kinetics. Treating them as demos, the characterizations and investigations, e.g., in situ XRD in a three‐electrode system, dynamic impedance, finite element simulation, and DFT calculations etc., reveal that the slow ion diffusion caused by the severe agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the unsuitable lattice parameter controls the final desalination behavior. Therefore, the correspondingly optimized sample (HC‐t) possessing a microscale hollow structure, nanoscale shell thickness, and expanded lattice, displays a fast ion storage kinetics with the ratio of surface‐controlled current as high as 82% at a scan rate of 20 mV s−1. Consequently, it delivers an impressive desalination capacity of 120.8 mg g−1 (2.06 mmol g−1 Na+) with a fast average desalination rate of 0.25 mg g−1 s−1 (0.004 mmol g−1 s−1) at 1.2 V, competitive with those reported in the literature. Moreover, the elucidation of the structure‐performance correlation provides valuable insights for the development and design of next‐generation PBAs for capacitive deionization (CDI).
Highly‐Polarized Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Qin Zhengsheng , Gao Haikuo , Wang Tianyu , Gao Can , Zhang Xiaotao , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli
Published: June 2024

Developing high‐performance polarization‐sensitive ultraviolet photodetectors is crucial for their application in military remote sensing, detection, bio‐inspired navigation, and machine vision. However, the significant absorption in the visible light range severely limits the application of polarization‐sensitive ultraviolet photodetectors, such as high‐quality anti‐interference imaging. Here, based on a wide‐bandgap organic semiconductor single crystal (trans‐1,2‐bis(5‐phenyldithieno[2,3‐b:3′,2′‐d]thiophen‐2‐yl)ethene, BPTTE), high‐performance polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors with a dichroic ratio close to 4.26 are demonstrated. The strong anisotropy of 2D grown BPTTE single crystals in molecular vibration and optical absorption is characterized by various techniques. Under voltage modulation, stable and efficient detection of polarized light is demonstrated, attributed to the intrinsic anisotropy of transition dipole moment in the bc crystal plane, rather than other factors. Finally, high‐contrast polarimetric imaging and anti‐interference imaging are successfully demonstrated based on BPTTE single crystal photodetectors, highlighting the potential of organic semiconductors for polarization‐sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors.
Plasmonic Near‐Infrared‐Response S‐Scheme ZnO/CuInS2 Photocatalyst for H2O2 Production Coupled with Glycerin Oxidation
Authors: Meng Kai , Zhang Jianjun , Cheng Bei , Ren Xingang , Xia Zhaosheng , Xu Feiyan , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo
Published: June 2024

Solar fuel synthesis is intriguing because solar energy is abundant and this method compensates for its intermittency. However, most photocatalysts can only absorb UV‐to‐visible light, while near‐infrared (NIR) light remains unexploited. Surprisingly, the charge transfer between ZnO and CuInS2 quantum dots (QDs) can transform a NIR‐inactive ZnO into a NIR‐active composite. This strong response is attributed to the increased concentration of free charge carriers in the p‐type semiconductor at the interface after the charge migration between ZnO and CuInS2, enhancing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and the NIR response of CuInS2. As a paradigm, this ZnO/CuInS2 heterojunction is used for H2O2 production coupled with glycerin oxidation and demonstrates supreme performance, corroborating the importance of NIR response and efficient charge transfer. Mechanistic studies through contact potential difference (CPD), Hall effect test, and finite element method (FEM) calculation allow for the direct correlation between the NIR response and charge transfer. This approach bypasses the general light response issues, thereby stepping forward to the ambitious goal of harnessing the entire solar spectrum.
Cucurbit[7]Uril‐Based Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Complex with Reversible Multistimuli‐Responsive Chromic Behavior and Controllable Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , Lin Rui‐Lian , Sun Wen‐Qi , Liu Jing‐Xin , Xu Li‐Xin , Redshaw Carl , Feng Xing
Published: June 2024

Multistimuli‐responsive color‐changing materials have potential applications in areas such as chemical sensing and anti‐counterfeiting. In this work, a fluoro‐phenyl‐acetyl‐substituted viologen derivative (FPAV·Cl2) is synthesized, which can form a supramolecular inclusion complex with cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) via self‐assembly. Significantly, the resulting inclusion complex FPAV2+@Q[7] in the solid‐state exhibits visual color changes in response to multiple external stimuli including light, heat, and vapors of ammonia and organic amines. The electron spin resonance (ESR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra analysis reveals that the photochromic, thermochromic, and vapochromic behavior of FPAV2+@Q[7] is due to the generation of FPAV+• free radicals resulting from electron transfer. Furthermore, in the solid‐state, FPAV2+@Q[7] shows controllable fluorescence regulated by its chromic process. Based on the multi stimuli‐responsive color‐changes and fluorescence properties of FPAV2+@Q[7], its practical applications in erasable inkless printing, multiple anti‐counterfeiting processes, visible ammonia/organic amines detection, and information encryption are demonstrated. The supramolecular strategy of encapsulating viologen derivatives into macrocycles provides a general method for fabricating multi stimuli‐responsive chromic materials with multiple practical applications.
Simultaneous Emerging Contaminant Removal and H2O2 Generation Through Electron Transfer Carrier Effect of Bi─O─Ce Bond Bridge Without External Energy Consumption
Authors: Sun Yingtao , Cai Xuanying , Lai Yufeng , Hu Chun , Lyu Lai
Published: June 2024

Conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) require significant external energy consumption to eliminate emerging contaminants (ECs) with stable structures. Herein, a catalyst consisting of nanocube BiCeO particles (BCO‐NCs) prepared by an impregnation‐hydrothermal process is reported for the first time, which is used for removing ECs without light/electricity or any other external energy input in water and simultaneous in situ generation of H2O2. A series of characterizations and experiments reveal that dual reaction centers (DRC) which are similar to the valence band/conducting band structure are formed on the surface of BCO‐NCs. Under natural conditions without any external energy consumption, the BCO‐NCs self‐purification system can remove more than 80% of ECs within 30 min, and complete removal of ECs within 30 min in the presence of abundant electron acceptors, the corresponding second‐order kinetic constant is increased to 3.62 times. It is found that O2 can capture electrons from ECs through the Bi─O─Ce bond bridge during the reaction process, leading to the in situ production of H2O2. This work will be a key advance in reducing energy consumption for deep wastewater treatment and generating important chemical raw materials.
Circ_0084615 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐mediated tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yu , Peng Li
Published: June 2024

Aim

CircRNAs have been identified as crucial regulators in tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to explore the biological role and underlying mechanism of circ_0084615 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The expression of RNAs was detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The effects of circ_0084615 silencing on malignant behaviors of HCC cells were assessed by CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays in vitro and tumor transplantation experiment in vivo. The expression of proteins was detected by Western blotting. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the mechanism of circ_0084615.

Results

A significant upregulation of circ_0084615 was observed in HCC tissues, and positively correlated with the TNM staging. Silencing of circ_0084615 impeded HCC cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistically, circ_0084615 could bind to miR‐1200 and eliminate its ability to destroy actin‐like 6A (ACTL6A) mRNA, thereby increasing ACTL6A expression and facilitating the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.

Conclusions

This study clarified the oncogenic activity and mechanism of circ_0084615, thereby providing potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for inhibiting HCC progression.
Cognitive reserve, cortisol, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A memory clinic study
Authors: Yerramalla Manasa Shanta , Darin‐Mattsson Alexander , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu T , Holleman Jasper , Kåreholt Ingemar , Aspö Malin , Hagman Göran , Kivipelto Miia , Solomon Alina , Marseglia Anna , Sindi Shireen
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cognitive reserve might mitigate the risk of Alzheimer's dementia among memory clinic patients. No study has examined the potential modifying role of stress on this relation.

METHODS

We examined cross‐sectional associations of the cognitive reserve index (CRI; education, occupational complexity, physical and leisure activities, and social health) with cognitive performance and AD‐related biomarkers among 113 memory clinic patients. The longitudinal association between CRI and cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up was assessed. We examined whether associations were influenced by perceived stress and five measures of diurnal salivary cortisol.

RESULTS

Higher CRI scores were associated with better cognition. Adjusting for cortisol measures reduced the beneficial association of CRI on cognition. A higher CRI score was associated with better working memory in individuals with higher (favorable) cortisol AM/PM ratio, but not among individuals with low cortisol AM/PM ratio. No association was found between CRI and AD‐related biomarkers.

DISCUSSION

Physiological stress reduces the neurocognitive benefits of cognitive reserve among memory clinic patients.

Highlights

Physiological stress may reduce the neurocognitive benefits accrued from cognitively stimulating and enriching life experiences (cognitive reserve [CR]) in memory clinic patients.

Cortisol awakening response modified the relation between CR and P‐tau181, a marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Effective stress management techniques for AD and related dementia prevention are warranted.
Joint effect of testosterone and neurofilament light chain on cognitive decline in men: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Tang Shuning , Xiao Zhenxu , Lin Fangting , Liang Xiaoniu , Ma Xiaoxi , Wu Jie , Zhou Xiaowen , Zhao Qianhua , Gao Junling , Xiao Qianyi , Ding Ding
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

The association of testosterone and cognitive decline is inconclusive, and its joint effect with neurofilaments light chain (NfL) remains largely unknown.

METHODS

A total of 581 non‐demented older men in the Shanghai Aging Study were included. Blood total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and NfL were measured at baseline. The relationships between TT, FT, TT/FT‐NfL, and cognitive decline were explored by Cox regression models.

RESULTS

During a median follow‐up of 6.7 years, there was an inverse association between TT/FT and cognitive decline (TT, trend p = 0.004, Q1 vs Q4, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60 to 12.04; FT, trend p = 0.002, Q1 vs Q4, HR = 5.29, 95% CI = 1.50 to 16.89). Compared to participants with high TT/FT‐low NfL, those with low TT/FT‐high NfL had significantly higher risks of cognitive decline (TT, HR = 5.10, 95% CI = 1.11 to 23.40; FT, HR = 6.14, 95% CI = 1.34 to 28.06).

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that the combination of testosterone and neurodegenerative markers may provide reliable predictive insights into future cognitive decline.

Highlights

Testosterone is inversely associated with cognitive decline in older men.

There is a joint effect of testosterone and NfL on cognitive decline.

Sex hormone and neurodegeneration may synergistically contribute to cognitive deterioration.
Inorganic metal oxide‐reinforced polymer‐based flexible inorganic nanocomposite for UV shielding applications
Authors: Puttaswamy Mahadeva Prasad , Kundachira Subramani Nithin , Shivanna Sachhidananda , Gumatapura Siddamallappa Nanjundaswamy , Beejaganahalli Sangameshwara Madhukar , Urs R. Gopalakrishne
Published: June 2024

This investigation reveals the successful incorporation of strontium‐doped thorium oxide (SrThO3) NPs into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer nanocomposites. The fabrication process of these PVA nanocomposites entails utilizing varying amounts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt%) of SrThO3 nanofillers through a straightforward solution casting technique. The microstructure and overall structure of the resulting polymer nanocomposites were analyzed using powdered x‐ray diffraction for crystalline structure and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for molecular composition. The introduced SrThO3 nanofiller demonstrates a strong affinity for the hydroxyl groups present in the PVA polymer, a phenomenon validated through FTIR spectroscopy. In order to comprehend the impact of doping, the surface morphology of the PVA polymer nanocomposites underwent examination via scanning electron microscopy. The absorption and transmission of light were quantitatively assessed using UV–visible spectroscopy. The excitation and emission behaviors of electrons in both the PVA and SrThO3‐doped PVA nanocomposites were scrutinized through photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, the extent of UV light absorption was investigated by studying the degradation of methylene blue dye, a substance known for its sensitivity to UV light. Results indicate that the intentional incorporation of SrThO3 NPs significantly enhances UV stability.
Preparation and study of novel UV‐curable alkyd‐siloxane coating materials
Authors: Golubev Artem A. , Baranova Ksenia S. , Bazhanov Dmitriy A. , Khasbiullin Ramil R. , Shcherbina Anna A. , Soldatov Mikhail A.
Published: June 2024

A material capable of curing due to UV irradiation based on an alkyd oligomer and oligoorganosilsesquioxanes (OOSs) with functional thiol groups was obtained. Using microinterferometry, it was shown that the alkyd oligomer and OOS are completely compatible (mutually soluble). The resulting alkyd‐siloxane composition was cured under the action of UV irradiation due to reaction between double bonds of alkyd oligomer and thiol‐groups of silsesquioxane oligomer. The curing reaction takes 5 min with formation of coating, containing 99% of gel fraction, which is in 30 times faster in comparison with the classical method of alkyd curing in the presence of siccatives. The hydrophobicity of alkyd‐siloxane coatings also increases and varies depending on the content of OOS. The introduction of 50% OOS into the alkyd oligomer makes it possible to increase the water contact angle by 10° relative to the coating based on pure alkyd. A similar dependence is observed when studying the thermal stability of coatings. Thus, even with the introduction of 10% OOS into alkyd oligomer, the temperature at which a loss of 50% of mass occurs increases by 24°C relative to coatings based on a pure alkyd oligomer.
Lithiated Graphene Current Collector for Stable Anode‐Free and Anode‐Less Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ping Zheng Yi , Hu Xun Jian , Xu Xiao Ming , Wang Hai Feng , Sun Yu Long , Liu Ting , Bin Liu Xian , Wu Zi Ping , Xia Bao Yu
Published: June 2024

Anode‐free and anode‐less lithium (Li) metal batteries provide cell safety and afford maximum energy density. However, their practical applications are hampered by poor cycling performances. In this study, a composite of LiC6 phase in highly reduced graphene (HrGO, LC‐HrGO) is proposed as a current collector for Li metal plating. LC‐HrGO provided homogenous plating sites and favorable conductivity, which facilitated Li metal plating with reduced nucleation barrier. The LiC6 in composite is not easily delithiated, and the HrGO is not easily lithiated. The obtained anode‐free batteries based on the LC‐HrGO current collector showed a capacity retention of 60 % after 100 cycles, and the corresponding anode‐less batteries indicated a stable specific capacity of 134.5 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles and a remarkable rate capacity of 130.1 mA h g−1 at 5 C. The work provides valuable concepts for fabricating promising current collectors towards Li metal batteries and beyond for high‐level services.
T‐Rex escaped from the cytosolic park: Re‐thinking the impact of TREX1 exonuclease deficiencies on genomic stability
Authors: Técher Hervé
Published: June 2024

The Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) has been implicated in several pathologies characterized by chronic and inborn inflammation. Aberrant innate immunity caused by DNA sensing through the cGAS‐STING pathway has been proposed to play a major role in the etiology of these interferonopathies. However, the molecular source of this DNA sensing and the possible involvement of TREX1 in genome (in)stability remains poorly understood. Recent findings reignite the debate about the cellular functions performed by TREX1 nuclease, notably in chromosome biology and stability. Here I put into perspective recent findings that suggest that TREX1 is at the crossroads of DNA damage response and inflammation in different pathological contexts.
Augmenting collaborative interaction with shared visualization of eye movement and gesture in VR
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Song , Cheng Shiwei
Published: June 2024

Virtual Reality (VR)‐enabled multi‐user collaboration has been gradually applied in academic research and industrial applications, but it still has key problems. First, it is often difficult for users to select or manipulate objects in complex three‐dimesnional spaces, which greatly affects their operational efficiency. Second, supporting natural communication cues is crucial for cooperation in VR, especially in collaborative tasks, where ambiguous verbal communication cannot effectively assign partners the task of selecting or manipulating objects. To address the above issues, in this paper, we propose a new interaction method, Eye‐Gesture Combination Interaction in VR, to enhance the execution of collaborative tasks by sharing the visualization of eye movement and gesture data among partners. We conducted user experiments and showed that using dots to represent eye gaze and virtual hands to represent gestures can help users complete tasks faster than other visualization methods. Finally, we developed a VR multi‐user collaborative assembly system. The results of the user study show that sharing gaze points and gestures among users can significantly improve the productivity of collaborating users. Our work can effectively improve the efficiency of multi‐user collaborative systems in VR and provide new design guidelines for collaborative systems in VR.
In Silico Design and In Vitro Assessment of Bicyclic Trifluoromethylated Pyrroles as New Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Hodyna Diana , Klipkov Anton , Kachaeva Maryna , Shulha Yurii , Gerus Igor , Metelytsia Larysa , Kovalishyn Vasyl
Published: June 2024

QSAR studies on the number of compounds tested as S. aureus inhibitors were performed using an interactive Online Chemical Database and Modeling Environment (OCHEM) web platform. The predictive ability of the developed consensus QSAR model was q2=0.79±0.02. The consensus prediction for the external evaluation set afforded high predictive power (q2=0.82±0.03). The models were applied to screen a virtual chemical library with anti‐S. aureus activity. Six promising new bicyclic trifluoromethylated pyrroles were identified, synthesized and evaluated in vitro against S. aureus, E. coli, and A. baumannii for their antibacterial activity and against C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata for their antifungal activity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity assessment indicated that trifluoromethylated pyrroles 9 and 11 demonstrated the greatest antibacterial and antifungal effects against all the tested pathogens, especially against multidrug‐resistant strains. The acute toxicity of the compounds to Daphnia magna ranged from 1.21 to 33.39 mg/L (moderately and slightly toxic). Based on the docking results, it can be suggested that the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the compounds can be explained by the inhibition of bacterial wall component synthesis.
Genetically Encoded Photocaged Proteinogenic and Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Su Xun‐Cheng , Xuan Weimin
Published: June 2024

Photocaged amino acids could be genetically encoded into proteins via genetic code expansion (GCE) and constitute unique tools for innovative protein engineering. There are a number of photocaged proteinogenic amino acids that allow strategic conversion of proteins into their photocaged variants, thus enabling spatiotemporal and non‐invasive regulation of protein functions using light. Meanwhile, there are a hand of photocaged non‐proteinogenic amino acids that address the challenges in directly encoding certain non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) that structurally resemble proteinogenic ones or possess highly reactive functional groups. Herein, we would like to summarize the efforts in encoding photocaged proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic amino acids, hoping to draw more attention to this fruitful and exciting scientific campaign.
Impact of Iron Species Dispersion on Fe/ZSM‐5 Catalyst Performance for Methane Dehydroaromatization (MDA)
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Ramos‐Yataco Jordy , Agarwal Amol , Lai Qingheng , Alayoglu Selim , Notestein Justin M. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: June 2024

Methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is one of the most promising technologies for directly transforming methane into aromatics. Unlike the extensively investigated Mo/ZSM‐5 catalysts, the structure and, consequently, the catalytic activity of Fe/ZSM‐5 are markedly influenced by the method of preparation, as shown here. In this study, we prepared 2 % and 4 % Fe/ZSM‐5 catalysts via wet impregnation (WI) and incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). Characterizations (XRD, STEM, UV‐Vis, NH3‐TPD and H2‐TPR) reveal that 2 %Fe‐WI mainly possesses isolated or low‐polymerized Fe species within zeolite channels, leading to a rapid activation and a higher benzene yield due to the faster reduction to iron suboxides under MDA conditions. In contrast, 2 %Fe‐IWI contains bulk iron oxide aggregates, resulting in a slower activation as these aggregates transform into iron carbide through successive reduction and carbonization. A deactivation kinetic study applied to the 2 % catalysts further demonstrates the quantitative relation between Fe site isolation and catalytic activity. Although both 4 % catalysts inevitably form sizable iron oxide clusters and particles due to the high Fe/Al ratio, similar trends are noted, with the WI catalysts exhibiting a shorter induction/activation period and a higher yield of benzene, paralleling observations made with 2 % catalysts.
DFT Atomic‐Scale Insight into Pt/Cu Single Atom Alloy Clusters Supported on γ‐Al2O3: The Effect of Hydrogen Environment
Authors: Shahrokhi Masoud , Mineva Tzonka , Benabbas Abdennour , Especel Catherine , Le Valant Anthony , Ricolleau Christian , Wang Guillaume , Nelayah Jaysen , Epron Florence , Guesmi Hazar
Published: June 2024

Single atom alloy (SAA) clusters formed by anchoring single atoms in small supported host clusters are emerging as catalysts with high performance. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab‐initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are performed to study the stability and the structure evolution of γ‐alumina‐supported platinum/copper SAA clusters of sub‐nanometer size in hydrogen environment. Due to the strong dynamic nature of both Cu cluster and anchored Pt single atom and their evolving interaction with the support, different isomers with different geometric and energetic properties are predicted. Extensive sampling through AIMD simulations reveals strong effect of hydrogen on the location of Pt single atom and strong variation of the cluster shape, evolving from 3D to concave and planar shapes wetting the alumina support. Interfacial site location of Pt single atom is found to be hydrogen coverage dependent. When the hydrogen coverage increases, the Pt single atom located preferentially at the interfacial site is pulled up by hydrogen atoms toward the upper surface Cu layers. The interaction of Pt/Cu cluster with alumina is predicted to decrease with increasing hydrogen coverage. Finally, electronic structure analysis reveals dramatic effect of hydrogen on the metallic nature of the catalysts.
Tailoring Heterojunctions in CsPbBrxCl3−x−MoS2 Composites for Efficient Photocatalysis and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Takhar Vishakha , Singh Simranjit , Dhakar Shikha , Qureshi Mo Rizwan Ahmad , Sharma Sudhanshu , Misra Superb K. , Banerjee Rupak
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate appropriate tuning of heterojunctions in CsPbBrxCl3−x−MoS2 composites (where x=0,1,2,3) by controlled regulation of the halide stoichiometry in the perovskite. A thorough optimization procedure determined the most effective photocatalyst, considering the pristine MoS2, perovskites with varying halide ratios, various physical mixing ratios of the two, and in‐situ synthesized composite ratios of CsPbBrxCl3−x and MoS2 (2 : 1, 1.5 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2). Under two hours of exposure to visible light, a remarkable photocatalytic performance of CsPbBrCl2 : MoS2 with a 1 : 2 ratio was observed, removing 98 % of the methylene blue (MB) dye. Notably, only the CsPbBrCl2 and MoS2 composite demonstrated higher efficiencies since it resulted in a n‐n type II heterojunction. Additionally, the CsPbBrCl2 : MoS2 composite exhibits the highest reaction rate constant, fifteen times higher than the pristine perovskite. Reusability assessment of this combination revealed sustained activity of 87 % for up to 5 cycles. The hydrogen evolution reaction investigations were carried out using the optimized CsPbBrCl2 : MoS2 composite, which yielded 265 times more hydrogen than pristine CsPbBrCl2. The Faradaic efficiency for 1 : 2 CsPbBrCl2 : MoS2 was found to be 96.61 %. Our results offer crucial perspectives on optimizing perovskite‐MoS2 composites and demonstrate their utility in sustainable applications, including water treatment, renewable energy harvesting, and environmental remediation.
Clinicopathological features of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yanagawa Senichiro , Tanabe Kazuaki , Kano Mikihiro , Hotta Ryuichi , Saeki Yoshihiro , Fujikuni Nobuaki , Ohdan Hideki ,   Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology (HiSCO)
Published: June 2024

Background

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a rare and aggressive subtype of gastric cancer (GC), accounting for less than 1% of all cases. It is characterized by frequent liver metastasis recurrence and a poorer prognosis than conventional GC. However, established treatment guidelines for HAS are currently not available.In this report, we present the results of a clinicopathological study of 19 patients diagnosed with HAS, including seven patients with liver metastasis, conducted by the Hiroshima Surgical Study Group of Clinical Oncology (HiSCO) between 2016 and 2018.

Aims

The aim of the study was to retrospectively observe the outcomes of HAS with gastrectomy and hepatectomy for liver metastasis and determine relevant prognostic factor. We also examined the criteria and outcomes of hepatectomy for liver metastasis and aimed to suggest the optimal treatment for HAS, including chemotherapy.

Methods and Results

A total of 2147 patients underwent gastrectomy for GC at HiSCO‐affiliated institutions during the study period; 19 patients, all male with a mean age of 70.9 years, were diagnosed with HAS by hematoxylin‐eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Patients underwent gastrectomy at varying pathological stages: six at Stage I, three at Stage II, seven at Stage III, and three at Stage IV. Ten patients received postoperative chemotherapy and the 5‐year survival rate was 67.7% after gastrectomy. Among the seven patients with pre or postoperative liver metastasis, five patients underwent hepatectomy. Although one patient had recurrence, the 3‐year survival rate was 100% after hepatectomy.

Conclusion

Contrary to previous reports suggesting a 3‐year survival rate of approximmately 30% for HAS, our findings indicate that the prognosis for HAS may not be as poor as reported previously. This study contributes valuable insights into the management and potential treatment strategies for HAS.
A novel CNN‐based approach for detection and classification of DDoS attacks
Authors: Najar Ashfaq Ahmad , Sugali Manohar Naik , Lone Faisal Rasheed , Nazir Azra
Published: June 2024

Among the recent network security issues, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the most dangerous threats in today's cyberspace that can disrupt essential services. These attacks compromise network security by flooding the target with malicious traffic. Several researchers have designed effective DDoS detection mechanisms using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)‐based techniques. However, existing detection approaches paid less attention to issues such as class imbalance, multi‐classification, or computational cost of the models, especially time. In this study, we propose a novel framework for detecting and classifying DDoS attacks with high accuracy and low computational cost. To address the class imbalance, we employ random sampling, while feature selection techniques such as low information gain, quasi‐constant elimination, and principal component analysis are utilized for optimal feature selection and reduction. Our proposed CNN‐based model achieves outstanding performance, boasting an accuracy of 99.99% for binary classification and 98.44% for multi‐classification. The proposed model is compared to existing works and baseline line models and found to be effective in binary and multi‐classification.
A Set of New Promising Solid Chalcogenides for Na‐Ion Batteries: Yield from the Crystal Chemical, Monte‐Carlo and Quantum‐Chemical Calculations
Authors: Morkhova Yelizaveta A. , Antonyuk Alexander V. , Kabanov Artem A. , Blatov Vladislav A.
Published: June 2024

Free crystal space in more than 600 chalcogenide structures taken out from the ICSD has been theoretically analyzed. As a result, wide voids and channels accessible for Na+‐ion migration were found in 236 structures. Among them, 165 compounds have not been described in the literature as Na+‐conducting materials. These materials have been subjected to stepwise quantitative calculations. The bond valence site energy method has enabled the identification of 57 entries as the most promising ion conductors in which the Na+‐ion migration energy (Em) is less than 0.55 eV for 2D or 3D diffusion. The kinetic Monte‐Carlo method has been carried out for these substances; as a result, resulting in nine of the most prospective compounds with Na+‐ionic conductivity Ϭ≥10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature were selected, for which the density functional theory calculations have been performed yielding six best candidates. Additionally, a logarithmic relationship was established between the values of Em and the diffusion channel radii as well as a linear relationship between Ϭ and the void radius.
Impact of entrepreneur's socioeconomic status on corporate environmental conduct and misconduct: The moderating role of family ownership
Authors: Shi Yuling , Zhao Yapu , Chen Wanming , Xu Qian
Published: June 2024

The impact of an actor's status on corporate ethical issues has been debated in strategy management. Drawing on upper echelons theory and status theory, our study aims to address this theoretical puzzle by examining how an entrepreneur's socioeconomic status affects a firm's engagement in positive environmental conduct and negative environmental misconduct, as well as the moderating effects of family ownership in China's emerging economy. Our analysis of 3281 private firms from a national survey in China reveals that an entrepreneur's socioeconomic status not only promotes corporate environmental conduct but also stimulates environmental misconduct. These effects are more pronounced in firms with higher levels of family ownership. By uncovering the complex impact of an entrepreneur's socioeconomic status on corporate environmental actions, our study contributes novel insights to the environmental management literature.
Field survey data for conservation: Evaluating suitable habitat of Chinese pangolin at the county‐level in eastern China (2000–2040)
Authors: Liu Wei , Nie Xiaoxiao , Chen Fengjiao , Guo Ning , Zhang Yong , Xiao Shuping , Huang Yanbin , Xie Yanping
Published: June 2024

The scarcity of up‐to‐date data on the distribution and dynamics of the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) presented a significant challenge in developing effective conservation strategies and implementing protective measures within China. Currently, most of China's national‐level nature reserves and administrative departments operate at the county level, thereby limiting the applicability of larger‐scale analyses and studies for these administrative entities. This study employed 11 widely used modeling techniques created within the Biomod2 framework to predict suitable habitats for the pangolin at the county scale, while examining the correlation between environmental variables and pangolin distribution. The results revealed that highly suitable habitats in Mingxi County of China encompassed only 49 km2. Within the county‐managed nature reserve, the proportion of highly suitable habitats reached as high as 52%. However, nearly half of these areas, both moderately and highly suitable habitats, remained inadequately addressed and conserved. We found nine administrative villages that necessitated prioritized conservation efforts. The study anticipated an overall expansion in suitable habitats over the ensuing two decades, with significant growth projected in the eastern regions of Xiayang and Hufang Town. This research offered a clear and applicable research paradigm for the specific administrative level at which China operates, particularly pertinent to county‐level jurisdictions with established nature reserves.
The role of bromeliad structural complexity on the presence, spatial distribution and predator avoidance in Tityus neglectus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Souza Maria Carolina , Foerster Stênio Ítalo Araújo , Salomão Renato Portela , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , de Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa , Lira André Felipe de Araujo , Ferreira Rodrigo Barbosa
Published: June 2024

The spatial arrangement of organisms is significantly influenced by the structure of vegetation. Bromeliads, characterized by a remarkable architectural design featuring rosette‐like leaf arrangements for rainwater storage, act as habitats for various organisms. These organisms use bromeliads for shelter, foraging, reproduction and the supply of nutrients and moisture. This study investigated how specific aspects of bromeliad structure, such as the number, width and length of leaves, impact the behaviour and distribution patterns of the bromelicolous scorpion Tityus neglectus. In the examination of 110 sampled bromeliads, 33 scorpions were recorded, resulting in an occupancy rate of 30%. The likelihood of scorpion occurrence was associated with the plant's structure. The length and coefficient of variation in the width of leaves appeared as the main predictors, positively influencing scorpion presence while the number of leaves exhibited a negative relation with scorpion occurrence. The distribution of scorpions was uniform across the spatial design of bromeliads. Furthermore, T. neglectus demonstrated the ability to utilize water accumulated in the bromeliad to evade potential predators, submerging itself for, on mean, almost 8 min. We concluded that bromeliad structure is essential in shaping the distribution patterns and anti‐predatory behaviour of T. neglectus.
Colchicine in acute heart failure: Rationale and design of a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial (COLICA)
Authors: Pascual‐Figal Domingo , Núñez Villota Julio , Pérez‐Martínez Maria Teresa , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Taibo‐Urquía Mikel , Llàcer Iborra Pau , González‐Martín Javier , Villar Sandra , Soler Meritxel , Mirabet Sonia , Aimo Alberto , Riquelme‐Pérez Alejandro , Anguita Sánchez Manuel , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Sánchez Pedro L. , Ibáñez Borja , Bayés‐Genís Antoni ,   on behalf of the COLICA Investigators (see Appendix)
Published: June 2024

Aims

Heart failure (HF) elicits a pro‐inflammatory state, which is associated with impaired clinical outcomes, but no anti‐inflammatory therapies have demonstrated a clinical benefit yet. Inflammatory pathways related with the interleukin‐1 axis are overactivated during episodes of acute HF. Colchicine, an anti‐inflammatory drug with proven benefits in acute pericarditis and ischaemic heart disease, may target this inflammatory response. This study aims to assess the efficacy of colchicine in acute HF patients.

Methods

COLICA is a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial enrolling 278 patients across 12 sites. Patients presenting with acute HF, clinical evidence of congestion requiring ≥40 mg of intravenous furosemide and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) >900 pg/ml, are eligible for participation. Patients are enrolled irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction, HF type (new‐onset or not) and setting (hospital or outpatient clinic). Patients are randomized 1:1 within the first 24 h of presentation to either placebo or colchicine, with an initial loading dose of 2 mg followed by 0.5 mg every 12 h for 8 weeks (reduced dose if <70 kg, >75 years old, or glomerular filtration rate <50 ml/min/1.73 m2). The primary efficacy endpoint is the time‐averaged proportional change in NT‐proBNP concentrations from baseline to week 8. Key secondary and exploratory outcomes include symptoms, diuretic use, worsening HF episodes, related biomarkers of cardiac stress and inflammation, total and cardiovascular readmissions, mortality and safety events.

Conclusion

COLICA will be the first randomized trial testing the efficacy and safety of colchicine for acute HF.
Novel 3D textile structures and geometries for electrofluidics
Authors: Abeywardena Sujani B. Y. , Yue Zhilian , Wallace Gordon G. , Innis Peter C.
Published: June 2024

The integration of microfluidics with electric field control, commonly referred to as electrofluidics, has led to new opportunities for biomedical analysis. The requirement for closed microcapillary channels in microfluidics, typically formed via complex microlithographic fabrication approaches, limits the direct accessibility to the separation processes during conventional electrofluidic devices. Textile structures provide an alternative and low‐cost approach to overcome these limitations via providing open and surface‐accessible capillary channels. Herein, we investigate the potential of different 3D textile structures for electrofluidics. In this study, 12 polyester yarns were braided around nylon monofilament cores of different diameters to produce functional 3D core–shell textile structures. Capillary electrophoresis performances of these 3D core–shell textile structures both before and after removing the nylon core were evaluated in terms of mobility and bandwidth of a fluorescence marker compound. It was shown that the fibre arrangement and density govern the inherent capillary formation within these textile structures which also impacts upon the solute analyte mobility and separation bandwidth during electrophoretic studies. Core–shell textile structures with a 0.47 mm nylon core exhibited the highest fluorescein mobility and presented a narrower separation bandwidth. This optimal textile structure was readily converted to different geometries via a simple heat‐setting of the central nylon core. This approach can be used to fabricate an array of miniaturized devices that possess many of the basic functionalities required in electrofluidics while maintaining open surface access that is otherwise impractical in classical approaches.
Numerical simulation of CO2 enhanced condensate gas recovery: A case study in pen 5 gas reservoir
Authors: Wu Min , Li Daoqing , Zhang Yi , Zhao Jinglei , Xie Zehao , Qiu Peng , Sayiti Hasiyati , Sun Haoran
Published: June 2024

CO2 flooding is an effective technology for suppling condensate gas reservoir pressure and mitigating global warming. In this study, numerical simulation studies have been conducted to enhance gas recovery in Pen5 condensate gas reservoir using CO2 flooding. Pen5 reservoir has lasted 20 years of primary depletion, which affected by water invasion and retrograde condensation. In numerical simulation study, the GEM module is applied to implement history‐matching of production data, and good agreement has been achieved. Based on comprehensive geological understanding, production dynamics, and numerical simulation techniques, areas with minimal impact from water invasion and retrograde condensation contamination have been delineated. The comparison between continued depletion and the implementation of CO2 injection as a replacement technology in favorable areas has demonstrated the feasibility of CO2 flooding development in these regions. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using miscible flooding and immiscible flooding was conducted, and the optimal development well pattern was evaluated. In the end, the plan of CO2 flooding of Pen5 reservoir has been designed and the gas production rate in the next 10 years has been predicted. The research findings of this study have reference significance for the practical application of CO2 flooding in developing condensate gas reservoirs.
Dairy intake screener as web‐based application is reliable and valid
Authors: Piderit Monique C. , White Zelda , Becker Piet J. , Wenhold Friedeburg A. M.
Published: June 2024

The “Dairy Diary” is a user‐friendly web‐based dairy intake screener. The reliability and validity are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the screener in terms of test–retest reliability and comparative validity. In a diagnostic accuracy study, a purposefully recruited sample of 79 (age: 21.6 ± 3.8 years) undergraduate dietetics/nutrition students from three South African universities completed 3 non‐consecutive days of weighed food records (reference standard) within a seven‐day period (comparative validity), followed by two administrations, 2 weeks apart, of the screener (index test) (reliability). For the four dairy product serving scores (PSSs) and the summative dairy serving scores (DSSs) of the screener and the food records, t‐tests, correlations, Bland–Altman, Kappa, McNemar's, and diagnostic accuracy were determined. For reliability, mean PSSs and DSSs did not differ significantly (p > .05) between the screener administrations. The mean PSSs were strongly correlated: milk (r = .69; p < .001), maas (fermented milk) (r = .72; p < .001), yoghurt (r = .71; p < .001), cheese (r = .74; p < .001). For DSSs, Kappa was moderate (k = 0.45; p < .001). Non‐agreeing responses suggest symmetry (p = .334). For validity, the PSSs of the screener and food records were moderately correlated [milk (r = .30; p = .0129), yoghurt (r = .38; p < .001), cheese (r = .38; p < .001)], with k = 0.31 (p = .006) for DSS. Bland–Altman analyses showed acceptable agreement for DSSs (bias: −0.49; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.3). Categorized DSSs had high sensitivity (81.4%) and positive predictive value (93.4%), yet low specificity (55.6%) and negative predictive value (27.8%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.7) was acceptable. The “Dairy Diary” is test–retest reliable with moderate comparative validity to screen for dairy intake of nutrition‐literate consumers.
Association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning in Chinese older adults residing in rural areas
Authors: Du Jing , Yang Ling , Duan Ying , Cui Yan , Qi Qi , Liu Zihao , Liu Huaqing
Published: June 2024

Objectives

To explore the association between drinking water sources and cognitive functioning among older adults residing in rural China.

Methods

Data were extracted from the 2008–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Drinking water sources were categorized according to whether purification measures were employed. The Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination was used for cognitive functioning assessment, and the score of <24 was considered as having cognitive dysfunction. Cox regression analyses were conducted to derive hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effects of various drinking water sources, changes in such sources, and its interaction with exercise on cognition dysfunction.

Results

We included 2304 respondents aged 79.67 ± 10.02 years; of them, 1084 (44.49%) were men. Our adjusted model revealed that respondents consistently drinking tap water were 21% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction compared with those drinking untreated water (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.90). Respondents transitioning from natural to tap water showed were 33% less likely to experience cognitive dysfunction (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58–0.78). Moreover, the HR (95% CI) for the interaction between drinking tap water and exercising was 0.86 (0.75–1.00) when compared with that between drinking untreated water and not exercising. All results adjusted for age, occupation, exercise, and body mass index.

Conclusions

Prolonged tap water consumption and switching from untreated water to tap water were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive dysfunction in older individuals. Additionally, exercising and drinking tap water was synergistically associated with the low incidence of cognitive dysfunction. These findings demonstrate the importance of prioritizing drinking water health in rural areas, indicating that purified tap water can enhance cognitive function among older adults.
Front Cover
Authors: Miller Austin B. , Frank Ethan , Simental Alfred A. , Feng Max
Published: June 2024

Front Cover: The cover image is based on the Original Article Surgery for nonlocalizing hyperparathyroidism in high volume center by Austin B. Miller MD et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27686.

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