bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualization and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion by Raman imaging in combination with MCR or CLS methods
Authors: Kitanaka Ryosuke , Tsuboi Motohiro , Numata Tomoko , Muramiya Yusuke , Yoshida Hidekazu , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: January 2024

The combination of Raman imaging and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) or classical least squares (CLS) has allowed us to explore the distribution and identification of components in a gigantic spherical dolomite concretion. It has been found by the MCR and CLS analyses of imaging data that the concretion contains dolomite, kerogen, anatase, quartz, plagioclase, and carbon materials with considerably large distribution of dolomite. The existence of these components has also been confirmed by the point-by-point analysis of imaging data. The distributions of these components were clearly observed by Raman images. Of note is that the amount of carbon materials is considerably large, and they are buried among the matrix sedimentary grains in the concretion, suggesting that there exist soft tissues with biological origin. Moreover, one of the loading spectra of CLS shows intense bands in the region of 3000–2800 cm−1, and bands at ca. 1658, ca. 1585, 1455, 1323, and 1261 cm−1. These bands indicate the existence of decomposed organic materials in the concretion. Raman imaging of concretions provides direct evidence that concretions are of biological organic origin.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Arsenic album 30C exhibits crystalline nano structure of arsenic trioxide and modulates innate immune markers in murine macrophage cell lines
Authors: Rath Suvasmita , Jema Jyoti Prava , Kesavan Kamali , Mallick Sagar , Pradhan Jyotsnarani , Chainy Gagan Bihari Nityananda , Nayak Debadatta , Kaushik Subhash , Dandapat Jagneshwar
Published: January 2024

Macrophages are associated with innate immune response and M1-polarized macrophages exhibit pro-inflammatory functions. Nanoparticles of natural or synthetic compounds are potential triggers of innate immunity. As2O3 is the major component of the homeopathic drug, Arsenic album 30C.This has been claimed to have immune-boosting activities, however, has not been validated experimentally. Here we elucidated the underlying mechanism of Ars. alb 30C-mediated immune priming in murine macrophage cell line. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) used for the structural analysis of the drug reveals the presence of crystalline As2O3 nanoparticles of cubic structure. Similarly, signatures of M1-macrophage polarization were observed by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in RAW 264.7 cells with concomitant over expression of M1 cell surface marker, CD80 and transcription factor, NF-κB, respectively. We also observed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines like iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 expression with unaltered ROS and apoptosis in drug-treated cells. Enhanced expression of Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 were observed both in transcriptional and translational levels after the drug treatment. In sum, our findings for the first time indicated the presence of crystalline As2O3 cubic nanostructure in Ars. alb 30C which facilitates modulation of innate immunity by activating macrophage polarization.
Exercise-induced effects on asprosin and indices of atherogenicity and insulin resistance in males with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suder Agnieszka , Makiel Karol , Targosz Aneta , Maciejczyk Marcin , Kosowski Piotr , Haim Alon
Published: January 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) development is associated with insulin resistance and obesity, with the progression of visceral adipose tissue playing a crucial role. Excessive adipose tissue is accompanied by an increase in the asprosin (ASP), which is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and the regulation of hunger and satiety. Exercise affects the release of ASP, which may regulate metabolism accordingly. Due to the inconclusive results of the effect of exercise on ASP concentration in men with MetS, 12-week interventions were carried out in the following groups: EG1—aerobic training (n = 21, age: 34.21 ± 6.06, WC; waist circumference: 114.7 ± 10.93) and EG2—a combination of aerobic and resistance training (n = 21, age: 37.37 ± 7.08, WC: 114.8 ± 11.64) and compared with a control group (CG) of men with MetS without any intervention (n = 20, age: 38.26 ± 7.43, WC: 115.3 ± 10.54). Body composition, indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, and ASP were assessed four times: before the intervention, at 6 and 12 weeks of training, and 4 weeks after the training sessions. A comparison of the intervention influence on changes in the analyzed variables between the groups was performed using ANOVA test for dependent groups with post-hoc comparison. The effect size (ES) was also assessed using squared eta (η2). The implementation of aerobic training resulted in a decrease in ASP concentration (p = 0.03) within 6 weeks of the intervention, while in the CG a gradual increase in ASP was confirmed (p < 0.001). Aerobic-resistance training did not induce significant changes in ASP concentration but resulted in an increase in fat-free mass/fat mass (FFM/FM) ratio (p < 0.001), and a decrease (p = 0.04) in Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Changes in the visceral adipose tissue level indicate a gradual decrease in both the EG1 (p = 0.01) and EG2 (p = 0.04) groups. Both aerobic and aerobic-resistance exercises may have a regulatory effect, mainly by reducing visceral adipose tissue, on the improvement of metabolic disorders.
An esterase-cleavable persulfide donor with no electrophilic byproducts and a fluorescence reporter
Authors: Choudhary Bharat S. , Kumar T. Anand , Vashishtha Akshi , Tejasri Sushma , Kumar Amal S. , Agarwal Rachit , Chakrapani Harinath
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and associated sulfur species known as persulfide or sulfane sulfur are considered among the first responders to oxidative stress.
Synthesis and characterization of one-handed helical oligo(o-phenylene)s: control of axial chirality by planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane
Authors: Yanagawa Asuka , Inoue Ryo , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: January 2024

Helical oligo(o-phenylene)-layered molecules were synthesized from planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane. The o-quinquephenyl-layered molecule was emissive, and circularly polarized luminescence was observed with a high anisotropy factor (|glum| value).
Visible-light-mediated metal-free regioselective oxidative C–C bond cleavage of lignin dimers to aromatic acids
Authors: Meng Ye , Li Jie , Liu Huan , Wu Hongguo , Li Hu
Published: January 2024

The synergy between Cβ–H⋯C (TPP) interaction and oxygen-active species enhances oxidative Cα–Cβ bond cleavage of lignin β-1/β-O-4 alcohol/ketone models to exclusively afford aromatic acids.
In situ DRIFTS and DFT study of CO2 hydrogenation over the In2O3 catalyst
Authors: Zou Rui , Liu Menghui , Shen Chenyang , Sun Kaihang , Liu Chang-jun
Published: January 2024

The DRIFTS analyses show that the conversion from HCOO* to H3CO* is accelerated at high pressure, which is the reason for the high methanol selectivity of In2O3 for CO2 hydrogenation.
Classically forbidden nonadiabatic transitions in multidimensional chemical dynamics
Authors: Hsiao I-Yun , Teranishi Yoshiaki , Nakamura Hiroki
Published: January 2024

An accurate method is proposed to deal with such nonadiabatic transitions as those energetically inaccessible, namely, classically forbidden transitions.
Saccharide formation by sustainable formose reaction using heterogeneous zeolite catalysts
Authors: Waki Minoru , Shirai Soichi , Hase Yoko
Published: January 2024

Linde type A zeolite catalyzes saccharide formation of formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde in a heterogeneous formose reaction in aqueous solution.
Electron transfer coupled spin transition in cyano-bridged mixed-valence {FeIII2FeII2} molecular squares
Authors: Jia Shuwen , Shang Mengjia , Jin Sai , Zhu Xinrui , Cai Yuanyuan , Li Dongfeng
Published: January 2024

By selecting the N4 ligand bnbpen, a mixed-valence cyano-bridged homometallic iron square complex {[FeIII(Tp)(CN)3]2[FeII(bnbpen)]2}(ClO4)2·8CH3OH and solvo-free form were prepared. Both have thermally reversible electron transfer-coupled spin transition (ETCST) behavior.
Efficiency limits and design principles for multi-junction coloured photovoltaics
Authors: Pearce Phoebe M. , Halme Janne , Jiang Jessica Yajie , Ekins-Daukes Nicholas J.
Published: January 2024

Efficiency limits for multi-junction solar cells with up to six junctions and arbitrary colour produced by reflecting Sunlight.
Electronic structure optimization of metal–phthalocyanine via confining atomic Ru for all-pH hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kou Zhenhui , Liu Yingnan , Cui Wenjun , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Rodriguez Raul D. , Zhang Qinghua , Dong Chung-Li , Sang Xiahan , Lei Lecheng , Zhang Tao , Hou Yang
Published: January 2024

Electronic structure optimization of two-dimensional metal phthalocyanine through confined atomic Ru species eliminates electrocatalytic kinetic differences for all-pH hydrogen evolution.
Manganese oxide-based catalysts for the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals through oxidation processes: a critical review and perspectives for the future
Authors: Wang Junpeng , Zhang Yurong , Guo Xu , Tang Jun , Chen Zhipeng , Ha Minh Ngoc , Cui Ping , Ke Qingping
Published: January 2024

The use of manganese oxide (MnOx)-based catalysts has gained significant recognition as a promising solution for the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals.
On the study of paintings' stratigraphy by fs-LIBS and MA-XRF techniques
Authors: Kechaoglou E. , Agrafioti K. A. , Mastrotheodoros G. P. , Anagnostopoulos D. F. , Kosmidis C.
Published: January 2024

fs-LIBS of successive layers of pigments.
Radiolytic stability and effects on metal extraction of N,N,N′-trioctyldiglycolamide, an important TODGA degradation product
Authors: Sánchez-García Iván , Egberink Richard J. M. , Verboom Willem , Galán Hitos
Published: January 2024

N,N,N′-Trioctyldiglycolamide (TrODGA) is an important degradation compound of N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA), one of the most successful extractants under study for minor actinide recovery.
Overall control of the quality consistency of Citri Retriculatae Pericapium by combining HPLC fingerprint, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Fan Jiajia , Guo Yong , Lan Lili , Li Qian , Sun Guoxiang
Published: January 2024

Combining HPLC-FP and THz-TDs to evaluate the quality of Citri Retriculatae Pericapium.
Chiral zero-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides based on nipecotic acid and tetrabromocuprate
Authors: Wang Xianran , Wu Yuying , Gao Feng , Wang Youfu
Published: January 2024

Chiral 0D hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides with narrow bandgap and high thermal stability have been constructed from chiral amino acids and copper salt.
Phenolylazoindole scaffold for facilely synthesized and bis-functional photoswitches combining controllable fluorescence and antifungal properties using theoretical methods
Authors: Hu Haoran , Liu Yu , Li Junqi , Zhang Chong , Gao Chao , Sun Chengguo , Du Yang , Hu Bingcheng
Published: January 2024

Novel phenolylazoindole photoswitch derivatives can be facilely modified as functional molecules with stationary photoswitching properties.
Constraints on the densities and temperature of the Seyfert 2 narrow line region
Authors: Binette Luc , Zovaro Henry R. M. , Villar Martín Montserrat , Dors Oli L. , Krongold Yair , Morisset Christophe , Revalski Mitchell , Alarie Alexandre , Riffel Rogemar A. , Dopita Michael A.
Published: January 2024

Context. Different studies have reported the so-called temperature problem of the narrow line region (NLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Its origin is still an open issue. To properly address its cause, a trustworthy temperature indicator is required.

Aims. To determine the temperature of an emission line plasma, the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) line ratio is typically used. However, in the case of the NLR of AGNs, this ratio is not reliable when the electron density extends much above 105 cm−3 as collisional deexcitation strongly affects this ratio independently of the temperature. To verify the density regime, we need a density diagnostic that applies to high excitation plasma.

Methods. We propose that the weak [Ar IV] λλ4711,40Å doublet is the appropriate tool for evaluating the density of the high excitation plasma. We subsequently made use of the recent S7 survey sample to extract reliable measurements of the weak [Ar IV] doublet in 16 high excitation Seyfert 2s. As a result we could derive the plasma density of the NLR of our Seyfert 2 sample and compared the temperature inferred from the observed [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratios.

Results. It was found that 13 Seyfert 2s cluster near similar values as the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratio, at a mean value of 0.0146 ± 0.0020. Three objects labeled outliers stand out at markedly higher [O III] values (> 0.03).

Conclusions. If for each object one assumes a single density, the values inferred from the [Ar IV] doublet for the 13 clustering objects all lie below 60 000 cm−3, indicating that the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratios in these objects is a valid tracer of plasma temperature. Even when assuming a continuous power-law distribution of the density, the inferred cut-off density required to reproduce the observed [Ar IV] doublet is in all cases < 105.1 cm−3. The average NLR temperature inferred for the 13 Seyfert 2s is 13 000 ± 703 K, which photoionization models have difficulty reproducing. Subsequently we considered different mechanisms to account for the observed [O III] ratios. For the three outliers, a double-bump density distribution is likely required, with the densest component having a density > 106 cm−3.
Using relative field line helicity as an indicator for solar eruptivity
Authors: Moraitis K. , Patsourakos S. , Nindos A. , Thalmann J. K. , Pariat É.
Published: January 2024

Context. Relative field line helicity (RFLH) is a recently developed quantity that can approximate the density of relative magnetic helicity.

Aims. This paper aims to determine whether RFLH can be used as an indicator of solar eruptivity.

Methods. Starting from magnetographic observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory of a sample of seven solar active regions (ARs), that comprises over 2000 individual snapshots, we reconstruct the AR’s coronal magnetic field with a widely used non-linear force-free method. This enables us to compute the RFLH using two independent gauge conditions for the vector potentials. We focus our study on the times of strong flares in the ARs, above the M class, and in regions around the polarity inversion lines (PILs) of the magnetic field, and of RFLH.

Results. We find that the temporal profiles of the relative helicity that is contained in the magnetic PIL follow those of the relative helicity that is computed by the accurate volume method for the whole AR. Additionally, the PIL relative helicity can be used to define a parameter similar to the well-known parameter R, whose high values are related with increased flaring probability. This helicity-based R-parameter correlates closely with the original parameter, showing in some cases even higher values. Additionally, it experiences more pronounced decreases during flares. This means that there exists at least one parameter deduced from RFLH that is important as a solar eruptivity indicator.
Work evolution and safety and health at work in Industry 4.0 / Industry 5.0
Authors: Milea Adriana , Cioca Lucian-Ionel
Published: January 2024

Industrial evolution is the most important part of society's development. Technological advances have led to essential changes in the evolution of industries, leading to the appearance of the 4 industrial revolutions. It is also important to emphasize that the evolution of occupational health and safety regulations has always followed the revolutionary developments in the industry. Technological progress, innovation, change and streamlining of technology, products and processes, have had a number of real consequences (positive or negative) on the safety and health of workers. All this provided the impetus to identify and implement reliable and sustainable solutions to ensure their safety. The purpose of this study is to present a brief review of the characteristic elements of the 4 industrial revolutions that have taken place over the years and to identify and propose recommendations to be implemented to ensure (maintain or improve) safety and health of workers in the context of the transition to Industry 4.0 / Industry 5.0.
Okulomotorikstörungen und Nystagmus
Authors: Helmchen Christoph , Heide Wolfgang , Strupp Michael Leo , Straumann Dominik
Published: January 2024

Der Diagnose von Augenbewegungsstörungen und der Nystagmusformen beruht auf einer systematischen klinischen Untersuchung aller Arten von Augenbewegungen. Diese Untersuchung umfasst: Augenposition, Untersuchung auf einen Spontannystagmus, Motilität, Blickfolge, Blickhaltefunktion, Sakkaden, Vergenzreaktion, optokinetischer Nystagmus, Funktion des vestibulookulären Reflexes (VOR) sowie die Fixationssuppression des VOR. Anatomisch relevante Strukturen sind Mesenzephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata, Zerebellum und Kortex. Topografisch anatomisch gelten die einfachen klinischen Regeln: Vertikale und torsionale Augenbewegungen werden vorwiegend im Mesenzephalon und horizontale Augenbewegungen in dem Pons generiert. Typische Zeichen einer Mittelhirnläsion sind vertikale Sakkaden- oder Blickparese, ein isolierter vertikaler Blickrichtungsnystagmus und einer Ponsläsion entsprechende horizontale Störungen. Das Zerebellum spielt eine Rolle bei praktisch allen Augenbewegungen; typische klinische Zeichen sind eine allseitige Blickfolgesakkadierung, Blickrichtungsnystagmus oder dysmetrische Sakkaden. Unter einem Nystagmus versteht man rhythmische Augenbewegungen, die in der Regel aus einem langsamen (ursächlichen bzw. pathologischen) Augendrift und einer schnellen kompensatorischen Rückstellbewegung (Rückstellsakkade) bestehen. Es lassen sich 3 einfache Kategorien unterscheiden: Spontannystagmus, d. h. ein Nystagmus, der bei Fixation in Geradeaus-Blickposition auftritt, Nystagmusformen, die nur in Abhängigkeit von der Blickrichtung auftreten und Nystagmen, die nur durch bestimmte Manöver ausgelöst werden: Kopfschütteln, Lagerung, Hyperventilation oder physikalischen Druck (z. B. Pressen). Letztere sind oft durch peripher-vestibuläre Läsionen ausgelöst, können aber auch zentralen Ursprungs sein. Viele zentrale Nystagmusformen erlauben eine genaue anatomische Lokalisation, z. B. der Downbeat-Nystagmus (DBN), der meistens auf einer Flocculus-Läsion beruht oder der Upbeat-Nystagmus (UBN) auf einer Läsion im Mesencephalon oder der Medulla oblongata. Beispiele einer Pharmakotherapie sind die Gabe von 4-Aminopyridin beim DBN und UBN, Memantin oder Gabapentin beim Fixationspendelnystagmus oder Baclofen beim periodisch-alternierenden Nystagmus.
Organocatalytic Atroposelective Reactions of Alkynes
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Zhi-Xin , Hu Tian-Qi , Ye Long-Wu
Published: January 2024

The atroposelective transformation of alkynes is an efficient protocol for the assembly of axially chiral compounds. Benefitting from the rapid development of chiral organocatalysts, the organocatalytic atroposelective reactions of alkynes have been extensively studied over the past decades. An array of chiral catalysts, including chiral Brønsted acid catalysts, secondary amine catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, thiourea catalysts and N-squaramide catalysts, are employed in enantioselective reactions of different alkynes. This short review summarizes the recent advances on organocatalytic atroposelective reactions of alkynes according to the type of alkyne substrate. The reaction mechanisms, modes of enantiocontrol, product diversity and applications are highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Electron-Rich Aryl Alkynes

3 Electron-Deficient Aryl Alkynes

4 Other Types of Alkynes

5 Conclusion and Outlook
Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions: A Personal Account
Authors: Wu Xiao-Feng , Geng Hui-Qing
Published: January 2024

Carbonylation reactions have been widely used to construct carbonyl-containing molecules or carbon enhancement reactions, which are mostly catalyzed by noble metals (Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir). In this review, we introduce the copper-catalyzed carbonylation reactions that have been developed in our group. Diverse reactions have been developed using various substrates, including the carbonylation of C–H activated alkanes, the difunctionalization of unsaturated C–C bonds, and the carbonylation of alkyl halides via the radical pathway.

1 Introduction

2 Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylation of C(sp
3)–H Bonds

3 Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylative Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Bonds

4 Cu–X (H or B) Mediated Acylation of Unsaturated Bonds with Electrophiles

5 Cu–X (H or B) Mediated Carbonylation of Unsaturated Bonds

6 Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides

7 Other Types of Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions

8 Conclusion and Outlook
Obesity and Male Infertility: True, True, and Unrelated?
Authors: Ceraolo Carl , Rubano Amanda , Gabrielsen J. Scott
Published: January 2024

While the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased worldwide, there has also been a notable decline in semen parameters over the last several decades. While obesity can negatively impact reproductive hormones, many studies have sought a link between rising obesity and decreased male fertility potential. Nonetheless, few data support a direct link between the two. The focus on obesity as a causative factor in male infertility can potentially result in patient harm through delayed fertility treatment and missed diagnoses. This review investigates the associations between obesity and male infertility and why a potential direct link has been elusive and may not exist. Additionally, indirect mechanisms that may link the two will be reviewed and treatment options for obese infertile men presenting for evaluation will briefly be discussed.
Nasal Airway Evaluation
Authors: Perez Paloma I. , Mei Christine , Lindsay Robin W. , Gadkaree Shekhar K.
Published: January 2024

The nose has several important functions including inspiration, humidification of air, and filtering of allergens. The nose also has a major role in facial harmony as the central focal point. Patients will present to the rhinoplasty surgeon in an effort to fix the inability to breathe through the nose or correct a perceived nasal deformity in the shape of the nose. Choosing the optimal techniques to effectively change the nose requires a thorough understanding of nasal anatomy and nasal mechanics. Ultimately, a complete nasal evaluation is essential in identifying what corresponds to a patient's complaints and how those issues can be addressed surgically or perhaps nonsurgically. When the nose is divided into subunits, and a systematic nasal analysis is performed, one can be confident that all components of the nasal skeleton have been assessed.
Adolescent Kidney Outcomes after Extremely Preterm Birth and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: There May be More to the Story
Authors: Lupo Ryan , Chang Emily , Bjornstad Erica C. , O'Shea T Michael , Sanderson Keia R.
Published: January 2024

Objective Among children born extremely preterm (EP), the antecedents of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including neonatal acute kidney injury (nAKI), are not well characterized.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort pilot study. Participants (n = 36) were adolescents born before 28 weeks of gestation enrolled at birth into the extremely low gestational age newborn study, between 2002 and 2004, at the University of North Carolina. Participants were stratified by the primary exposure to nAKI, defined using the modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes nAKI criteria. Baseline serum creatinine (SCr) was defined as the lowest SCr after 48 to 72 postnatal hours. The primary outcome was an abnormal kidney profile during adolescence, defined as having one or more of these outcomes: elevated blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg), microalbuminuria (urine microalbumin/creatinine >30 µg/g), or an abnormal kidney volume measured by ultrasound (total kidney volume corrected for body surface area <10th%ile for age).

Results Half of the participants had a history of nAKI. Thirteen had stage 1 nAKI, four had stage 2, and one had stage 3 nAKI. At 15 years of age, 50% were overweight/obese, 31% had elevated blood pressure (BP), 11% had abnormal kidney volumes, and 17% had microalbuminuria. The relative risk for having an abnormal kidney profile during adolescence among participants with a history of nAKI was 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.3–1.3, p = 0.2).

Conclusion In this sample of adolescents born EP, a history of nAKI was not associated with elevated BP, microalbuminuria, or abnormal kidney volume. Future studies are needed in larger samples to better characterize the relationship between nAKI and CKD in EP-born children.

Key Points
Homeopathy for Acute Viral Infections: A Bayesian Repertory for Reliable Use of Common Symptoms
Authors: Rutten Lex , Eizayaga José , Gold Peter , Manchanda Raj K. , Miglani Anjali , Ives Galen
Published: January 2024

A recent worldwide COVID-19 case collection assessed the prevalence and likelihood ratio (LR) of symptoms, resulting in a bayesian repertory and repertorization app. This approach resulted in a clear and reliable differentiation between selected medicines, with common symptoms, combined or separately. The assessed COVID-19 symptoms are mostly common symptoms and occur in several other acute viral infections. Common symptoms are symptoms, throughout the body, common to most viral infectious disease, for example, fever, headache, weakness, etc. Use of this repertory and app is likely to improve the effectiveness of homeopathy in these infections due to the hierarchical approach built within the app to categorize the unique combination of common symptoms specific to each case. The use of the online app is free of charge. This offers an opportunity to experience the usefulness of common symptoms with the bayesian approach in case evaluation. This repertory could be a showcase of homeopathic treatment based on systematic and reproducible data collection. We invite practitioners to test the app in daily practice while treating acute viral infections and give feedback via the new button at the last screen of the app.
What Watson can teach us about war and order: revisiting The Evolution of International Society
Authors: Friedner Parrat Charlotta
Published: January 2024

In this article, Adam Watson’s use of ideal types is revisited in order to distinguish between various kinds of international orders over time and address the different types of war which are logically possible in relation to them. The argument is that war differs between ordered and disordered circumstances, as well as among members, or between members and non-members of a given order. The aim is, first, to analytically distinguish between various types of phenomenon which all happen to include organised violence between political entities, and all be called war; and second, to demonstrate the utility of abstracting far enough from actual history to be able to apply analytical categories, a purpose which Watson would recognise. This contributes to freeing theorising about war from its Westphalian and Eurocentric straightjacket.
Evaluation of lithium as a tritium storage medium for betavoltaics
Authors: Cheu Darrell , Adams Thomas , Revankar Shripad , Pol Vilas
Published: January 2024

Lithium foils were demonstrated to absorb surrogate protium for tritium-powered betavoltaics. 20 μm thick lithium foils were hole-punched from a ribbon of electrodeposited lithium on copper foil. The lithium foils were loaded with hydrogen in a custom Sievert apparatus where the pressure drop showed full hydriding at a hydrogen pressure of 2 bar and at all loading temperatures above the lithium melting point at 190, 200, 225, 250, and 300. Lithium hydride formation was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy after hydrogen loading. The kinetics of experimental hydride formation was compared to the diffusion-limited Mintz–Bloch model. While the Mintz–Bloch model showed good fit with the experimental loadings, the model overpredicted the loading kinetics starting at 250 °C and at higher temperatures. The overprediction was either caused by lithium hydride outgassing due to some reduction with some residual lithium hydroxide created from brief air exposure when sealing the lithium in the reactor or a transition from diffusion-limited hydride growth to surface or metal–hydride interface-limited hydride growth.
Exploration of field-like torque and field-angle tunability in coupled spin-torque nano oscillators for synchronization
Authors: Arun R. , Gopal R. , Chandrasekar V. K. , Lakshmanan M.
Published: January 2024

We investigate the influence of field-like torque and the direction of the external magnetic field on a one-dimensional array of serially connected spin-torque nano oscillators (STNOs), having free layers with perpendicular anisotropy, to achieve complete synchronization between them by analyzing the associated Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation. The obtained results for synchronization are discussed for the cases of 2, 10, and 100 oscillators separately. The roles of the field-like torque and the direction of the external field on the synchronization of the STNOs are explored through the Kuramoto order parameter. While the field-like torque alone is sufficient to bring out global synchronization in the system made up of a small number of STNOs, the direction of the external field is also needed to be slightly tuned to synchronize the one-dimensional array of a large number of STNOs. The formation of complete synchronization through the construction of clusters within the system is identified for the 100 oscillators. The large amplitude synchronized oscillations are obtained for small to large numbers of oscillators. Moreover, the tunability in frequency for a wide range of currents is shown for the synchronized oscillations up to 100 spin-torque oscillators. In addition to achieving synchronization, the field-like torque increases the frequency of the synchronized oscillations. The transverse Lyapunov exponents are deduced to confirm the stable synchronization in coupled STNOs due to the field-like torque and to validate the results obtained in the numerical simulations. The output power of the array is estimated to be enhanced substantially due to complete synchronization by the combined effect of field-like torque and tunability of the field-angle.
On the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution dynamics of aromatic complexes: A comparative study on C6H6–C6H5Cl, C6H6–C6H3Cl3, C6H6–C6Cl6 and C6H6–C6H5F, C6H6–C6H3F3, C6H6–C6F6
Authors: Deb Basudha , Mahanta Himashree , Baruah Netra Prava , Khardewsaw Maitjingshai , Paul Amit Kumar
Published: January 2024

Chemical dynamics Simulation studies on benzene dimer (Bz2) and benzene–hexachlorobenzene (Bz–HCB) as performed in the past suggest that the coupling between the monomeric (intramolecular) vibrational modes and modes generated due to the association of two monomers (intermolecular) has to be neither strong nor weak for a fast dissociation of the complex. To find the optimum coupling, four complexes are taken into consideration in this work, namely, benzene–monofluorobenzene, benzene–monochlorobenzene, benzene–trifluorobenzene (Bz–TFB), and benzene–trichlorobenzene. Bz–TFB has the highest rate of dissociation among all seven complexes, including Bz2, Bz–HCB, and Bz–HFB (HFB stands for hexafluorobenzene). The set of vibrational frequencies of Bz–TFB is mainly the reason for this fast dissociation. The mass of chlorine in Bz–HCB is optimized to match its vibrational frequencies similar to those of Bz–TFB, and the dissociation of Bz–HCB becomes faster. The power spectrum of Bz–TFB, Bz–HCB, and Bz–HCB with the modified mass of chlorine is also computed to understand the extent of the said coupling in these complexes.
Shock and contact interaction with a simple cubic array of particles
Authors: Briney Sam , Mehta Y. , Osborne B. , Jackson T. L. , Balachandar S.
Published: January 2024

Shock-particle interaction is a fundamental pillar of multiphase compressible flows that has been studied at length for many decades. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction of particles with a contact interface that follows a shock in shock tube experiments and applications relating to blast waves. Presently, the phenomenon is studied at the microscale via particle resolved simulations of shock contact systems interacting with a structured array of particles as well as isolated particles. Simulations are conducted at particle volume fractions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% at three contact Mach numbers. Additionally, the diaphragm position is varied, which controls the timing of the shock arrival time in relation to the contact arrival time. The modification to the drag on these stationary particles by the contact is analyzed and compared to the compressible Maxey–Riley–Gatignol model, which is adequate for the single particle cases but does not account for fluid mediated particle–particle interactions.
Epidemic spreading under game-based self-quarantine behaviors: The different effects of local and global information
Authors: Huang Zegang , Shu Xincheng , Xuan Qi , Ruan Zhongyuan
Published: January 2024

During the outbreak of an epidemic, individuals may modify their behaviors in response to external (including local and global) infection-related information. However, the difference between local and global information in influencing the spread of diseases remains inadequately explored. Here, we study a simple epidemic model that incorporates the game-based self-quarantine behavior of individuals, taking into account the influence of local infection status, global disease prevalence, and node heterogeneity (non-identical degree distribution). Our findings reveal that local information can effectively contain an epidemic, even with only a small proportion of individuals opting for self-quarantine. On the other hand, global information can cause infection evolution curves shaking during the declining phase of an epidemic, owing to the synchronous release of nodes with the same degree from the quarantined state. In contrast, the releasing pattern under the local information appears to be more random. This shaking phenomenon can be observed in various types of networks associated with different characteristics. Moreover, it is found that under the proposed game-epidemic framework, a disease is more difficult to spread in heterogeneous networks than in homogeneous networks, which differs from conventional epidemic models.
Quasi-ballistic thermal transport in silicon carbide nanowires
Authors: Anufriev Roman , Wu Yunhui , Volz Sebastian , Nomura Masahiro
Published: January 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important industrial material that enables the thermal stability of power electronics. However, the nanoscale phenomenon of ballistic thermal conduction, which may further improve the thermal performance, remains unexplored in SiC. Here, we reveal the length and temperature scales at which SiC exhibits quasi-ballistic thermal conduction. Our time-domain thermoreflectance measurements probe the thermal conductivity of SiC nanowires as a function of their length and temperature. The deviation of the thermal conductivity from the diffusive limit in nanowires shorter than a few micrometers indicates the transition into a quasi-ballistic thermal conduction regime. Naturally, the deviation is greater at lower temperatures, yet the effect persists even above room temperature. Our Monte Carlo simulations of phonon transport support our experimental results and show how phonons with long mean free paths carry a substantial amount of heat, causing quasi-ballistic conduction. These findings show that quasi-ballistic heat conduction can persist at the microscale at operating temperatures of power devices, and thus may help improve the thermal design in electronics based on SiC.
Spectroscopic detection of the gallium methylene (GaCH2 and GaCD2) free radical in the gas phase by laser-induced fluorescence and emission spectroscopy
Authors: Smith Tony C. , Tarroni Riccardo , Clouthier Dennis J.
Published: January 2024

GaCH2, a free radical thought to play a role in the chemical vapor deposition of gallium-containing thin films and semiconductors, has been spectroscopically detected for the first time. The radical was produced in a pulsed discharge jet using a precursor mixture of trimethylgallium vapor in high pressure argon and studied by laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength resolved emission techniques. Partially rotationally resolved spectra of the hydrogenated and deuterated species were obtained, and they exhibit the nuclear statistical weight variations and subband structure expected for a 2A2–2B1 electronic transition. The measured spectroscopic quantities have been compared to our own ab initio calculations of the ground and excited state properties. The electronic spectrum of gallium methylene is similar to the corresponding spectrum of the aluminum methylene radical, which we reported in 2022.
Effects of a detached splitter on the vortex-induced vibration of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder
Authors: Liu Hangzhao , Li Huan , Wang Hanfeng , Li Ce , Yin Yapeng , He Xuhui
Published: January 2024

The present paper examines the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a 5:1 rectangular cylinder with a detached splitter in its near wake. The tested gap ratio between the cylinder and the splitter (g/D, where g is the gap between the cylinder rear and the splitter and D is the depth of the rectangular cylinder) ranges from 0.5 to 2.0, with an increment of 0.5. To serve as a reference case, the rectangular cylinder without the splitter is also tested under the same conditions. The test Reynolds number ranges from 32 320 to 56 507. This study delves into the vibration response, pressure distributions, and power spectral densities (PSD) of the cylinder under varying gap ratios. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses between the cylinder and the splitter using phase average techniques, smoke-wire visualization, and numerical simulation, the different vortex shedding modes according to different gap ratios were identified. Experimental and numerical results show that the detached splitter and its gap ratio play important roles in determining the cylinder VIV properties. For g/D = 0.5, the detached splitter has a sensible mitigation on the cylinder VIV. However, as the gap ratio increases, the VIV response initially recovers to the reference case at g/D = 1.0 and subsequently enlarges at g/D = 1.5 and 2.0. The pressure distribution results showed that the detached splitter demonstrates its effects primarily through fluctuations in the pressure field rather than the mean field. In addition, at g/D = 0.5, a sensibly decayed PSD is observed, while at g/D = 1.0–2.0, an intensified PSD is detected. The underlying mechanism of the detached splitter on the VIV of the 5:1 rectangular cylinder should be attributed to the von Kármán vortex street compared to the reference case.
Uncertainty quantification of phase transitions in magnetic materials lattices
Authors: Eğer Zekeriya Ender , Acar Pınar
Published: January 2024

This Perspective article aims to emphasize the crucial role of uncertainty quantification (UQ) in understanding magnetic phase transitions, which are pivotal in various applications, especially in the transportation and energy sectors [D. C. Jiles, Acta Mater. 51, 5907–5939 (2003) and Gutfleisch et al., Adv. Mater. 23, 821–842 (2011)]. Magnetic materials undergoing phase transitions, particularly due to high temperatures, pose challenges related to the loss of their inherent properties. However, pinpointing a definitive phase transition temperature proves challenging due to the diverse and uncertain nanostructure of materials. Deterministic approaches are limited when seeking a precise threshold. As a result, there is a need to develop probabilistic methods to improve the understanding of this physical problem. In this study, UQ is explored within the context of magnetic phase transitions. In addition, the broader applications of UQ in relation to microstructures and Hamiltonian systems are discussed to highlight its significance in materials science. Furthermore, this study discusses the potential future work on the integration of quantum computing to achieve more efficient UQ solutions of magnetic phase transitions using Ising models.
Grain size effect of the flexoelectric response in BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Yang Xu , Xia Baoju , Guo Xiongxin , Qi Yagang , Wang Zhen , Fu Zhenxiao , Chen Yu , Zuo Ruzhong , Chu Baojin
Published: January 2024

Size effect is a fundamental phenomenon in ferroelectric materials and grain size dependence of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics has been observed. However, the dependence of flexoelectric response on grain size has not been reported, thus far. In this work, BTO ceramics with grain sizes ranging from 0.59 to 8.90 μm were prepared by a two-step sintering method. We found that with increasing grain size, the flexoelectric coefficient of BTO ceramics increases from less than 20 μC/m (grain size 0.59–0.69 μm) to more than 300 μC/m (grain size 8.90 μm), but the grain size dependence of the flexoelectric response is different from that of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Observation by piezoresponse force microscopy reveals that the surface regions of BTO ceramics are spontaneously polarized. Strong inhomogeneous strain is measured by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and the resultant flexoelectric effect is enough to polarize the surface regions. Fitting of the flexoelectric data indicates that the grain size effect of the flexoelectric response can be well explained by the polarized surface layer mechanism.
Self-similar solutions for the non-equilibrium nonlinear supersonic Marshak wave problem
Authors: Krief Menahem , McClarren Ryan G.
Published: January 2024

Similarity solutions to the nonlinear non-equilibrium Marshak wave problem with a time dependent radiation driving source are presented. The radiation transfer model used is the gray, non-equilibrium diffusion approximation in the supersonic regime. These solutions constitute an extension of existing non-equilibrium supersonic Marshak wave solutions, which are linear to the nonlinear regime that prevails in realistic high energy density systems. The generalized solutions assume a material model with power law temperature dependent opacities, a material energy density that is proportional to the radiation energy density, and a surface radiation temperature drive that obeys a temporal power law. The solutions are analyzed in detail, and it is shown that they take various qualitatively different forms according to the values of the opacity exponents. The solutions are used to construct a set of standardized benchmarks for supersonic non-equilibrium radiative heat transfer, which are nontrivial but straightforward to implement. These solutions are compared in detail to implicit Monte Carlo and discrete-ordinate transport simulations as well gray diffusion simulations, showing a good agreement, which demonstrates the usefulness of these solutions as a code verification test problem.
Mouse Tspyl5 promotes spermatogonia proliferation through enhancing Pcna-mediated DNA replication
Authors: Leng Xiangyou , Xie Shengyu , Tao Dachang , Wang Zhaokun , Shi Jiaying , Yi Ming , Tan Xiaolan , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Yunqiang , Yang Yuan
Published: January 2024

Context The human TSPY1 (testis-specific protein, Y-linked 1) gene is critical for spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, there have been difficulties with studying the mechanism underlying its function, partly due to the presence of the Tspy1 pseudogene in mice. Aims TSPYL5 (TSPY-like 5), an autosomal homologous gene of TSPY1 showing a similar expression pattern in both human and mouse testes, is also speculated to play a role in male spermatogenesis. It is beneficial to understand the role of TSPY1 in spermatogenesis by investigating Tspyl5 functions. Methods Tspyl5-knockout mice were generated to investigate the effect of TSPYL5 knockout on spermatogenesis. Key results Tspyl5 deficiency caused a decline in fertility and decreased the numbers of spermatogonia and spermatozoa in aged male mice. Trancriptomic detection of spermatogonia derived from aged Tspyl5-knockout mice revealed that the Pcna-mediated DNA replication pathway was downregulated. Furthermore, Tspyl5 was proven to facilitate spermatogonia proliferation and upregulate Pcna expression by promoting the ubiquitination-degradation of the TRP53 protein. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Tspyl5 is a positive regulator for the maintenance of the spermatogonia pool by enhancing Pcna-mediated DNA replication. Implications This observation provides an important clue for further investigation of the spermatogenesis-related function of TSPY1.
Impact of COVID-19 disease on the male factor in reproductive medicine – how-to advise couples undergoing IVF/ICSI
Authors: Stark Julia , Kuster Stefan P. , Hungerbühler Vera
Published: January 2024

Context The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread concern about its potential impact on various aspects of human health. Aims This narrative review aims to summarise the current knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on sperm quality and its effect on assisted reproductive technology. Methods In this narrative review, a literature search using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify relevant original research articles published up to 29 January 2023. Results Thirty original studies were included in our review. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in seminal fluid during the acute phase of infection and for up to 1 month. However, the fact that SARS-CoV-2 is barely detectable in semen makes sexual transmission very unlikely. COVID-19 infection has been associated with the following changes in sperm quality: morphology, altered motility, changed DNA fragmentation-index (DFI), decreased sperm concentration, lower total number of sperm, and a significant increase in leukocytes and cytokines. The effects mostly seem to be reversible and have not been shown to negatively affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology but should lead to further research concerning the health of the offspring, because a correlation of increased DFI after COVID-19 even 5 months after disease could be assumed. Conclusions The findings of this narrative review suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may harm sperm quality in the acute phase. Implications A recovery time of at least 3 months regarding assisted reproductive therapy could be reasonable.