bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Claystones with Selected Coal Seams of the Mudstone and Sandstone Series of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Authors: Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena
Published: October 2016

In this paper results of investigation on the variability of REE contents in the clayey rocks accompanying selected coal seams from Zaleskie and Ruda beds of western part of Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) have been presented. 75 samples have been analysed from the claystones coexisting with coal seams 405 and 408 collected from the USCB area. Contents of selected REE have been assessed with a use of the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). In regard to the constraints of this method following elements underwent evaluation: scandium (Sc), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu). Contents of yttrium (Y) was determined with a use of the Fusion-Inductively-Coupled Plasma (FUSICP) method.

In all featured groups of claystone (claystone, sandy claystone and siderite claystone) the highest, although diverse content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3and K2O were observed. Whatever the petrographic character of the claystone rocks, among the analyzed rare earth elements, the highest participation of Ce, La, Y, Nd and Sc were found. Other analyzed REE showed significantly lower content. Some regional diversity of REE in the area of study was also observed. In the south-western part of the USCB, higher participation showed: Y, Sm and Nd, while in the north-western part: Sc. To determine the dependence between content of rare earth elements and chemical composition, the correlation-coefficients were calculated. In the calculations ratio SiO2/Al2O3and increased content of P2O5, ignition loss and Fe2O3were taken into account. Most of the elements analyzed in group of rocks distinguished by increased content of P2O5and ignition loss, showed high positive correlation with chemical composition. In almost all groups of rocks negative correlation with MnO, loss on ignition and sometimes with CaO was found. Rocks represented by siderite claystone are characterized by the highest values of correlation coefficients of rare earth elements with Fe2O3.
Biophysical methods toolbox to study ABC exporter structure and function
Authors: Marcellino Thomas , Srinivasan Vasundara
Published: October 2016

ABC exporters are highly dynamic membrane proteins that span a huge spectrum of different conformations. A detailed integrated approach of cellular, biochemical and biophysical characterization of these ‘open’, ‘closed’ and other intermediate states is central to understanding their function. Almost 40 years after the discovery of the first ABC transporter, thanks to the enormous development in methodologies, a picture is slowly emerging to visualize how these fascinating molecules transport their substrates. This mini review summarizes some of the biophysical tools that have made a major impact in understanding the function of the ABC exporters.
The Effect of Exports on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Policy Implications
Authors: Bosupeng Mpho
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore long run affiliations between exports and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines thirty-seven countries over the period 1960 to 2010 and uses the Toda and Yamamoto causality approach to investigate the direction of causal links. The results reveal that carbon dioxide emissions Granger cause exports in the following economies: Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Morocco, Austria and Ireland. Nonetheless, the reverse causality proved that exports Granger cause carbon dioxide emissions in twelve economies. Furthermore, the study registered bidirectional causal links between exports and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA and Burkina Faso. We conclude that countries should consider exports market demand, energy consumption and economic growth in their attempts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
The Wisdom of e-crowds: Can Masses Create Value?
Authors: Wieczerzycki Marcin
Published: October 2016

With the rising popularity of the Internet, interactions between companies and their consumers have become more common and meaningful. Researchers often tend to apply the metaphor of community to these on-line networks of B2C relationships. However, this term implies durability and a long-term orientation. It does not cover more incidental, short-lived groups of consumers, who therefore should not be treated as communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ability of these short-term, collective consumer phenomena (addressed as e-crowds within the scope of this paper) to create value. Based on a critical literature analysis that considers works from several different fields of knowledge (including management, economics, psychology and media studies) and empirical examples, we argue that while lacking a complex internal organization, e-crowds are capable of creating use, exchange and sign value when certain conditions are met. However, they are equally likely to perform value-destroying activities, which present real risks for companies that interact with e-crowds.
The Importance of Vertical Linkages for the Innovation Activity of Medium-High and High Technology Industries in Poland
Authors: Dzikowski Piotr
Published: October 2016

This study investigates how vertical linkages impact the innovative activity of both medium-high and high technology industries in Poland. The data for this research were collected in structured telephone or e-mail interviews with managers and company owners. The final data set includes 1,355 firms. The analysis is based on probit modeling that allows us to determine the probability of innovative activity in relation to a number of supplier and customer groups or a type of vertical linkage. We find that the number of suppliers and customers shape innovative activity; specifically, the more groups of suppliers and customers the higher level of innovative activity. This analysis suggests that appropriate suppliers and customers can greatly accelerate innovation activity.
Some properties of the growth and of the algebraic entropy of group endomorphisms
Authors: Giordano Bruno Anna , Spiga Pablo
Published: October 2016

We study the growth of group endomorphisms, a generalization of the classical notion of growth of finitely generated groups, which is strictly related to algebraic entropy. We prove that the inner automorphisms of a group have the same growth type and the same algebraic entropy as the identity automorphism. Moreover, we show that endomorphisms of locally finite groups cannot have intermediate growth. We also find an example showing that the Addition Theorem for algebraic entropy does not hold for endomorphisms of arbitrary groups.
Expansive automorphisms of totally disconnected, locally compact groups
Authors: Glöckner Helge , Raja C. R. E.
Published: October 2016

We study topological automorphisms α of a totally disconnected,
locally compact group G which are expansive in the sense that

⋂

n
∈
ℤ

α
n

⁢

(
U
)

=

{
1
}

$\bigcap_{n\in{\mathbb{Z}}}\alpha^{n}(U)=\{1\}$

for some identity
neighbourhood

U
⊆
G

${U\subseteq G}$

. Notably, we prove that the automorphism induced by an expansive automorphism α on a quotient group

G
/
N

${G/N}$

modulo an
α-stable closed normal subgroup N is always expansive.
Further results involve the contraction groups

U
α

:=

{

g
∈
G

:

α
n

⁢

(
g
)

→
1

as

n
→
∞

}

.

$U_{\alpha}:=\{g\in G:\mbox{${\alpha^{n}(g)\to 1}$ as ${n\to\infty}$}\}.$

If α is
expansive, then

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

is an open identity
neighbourhood in G. We give examples where

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

fails to be a subgroup. However,

U
α

⁢

U

α

-
1

${U_{\alpha}U_{\alpha^{-1}}}$

is an α-stable, nilpotent open subgroup
of G if G is a closed subgroup of

GL
n

⁡

(

ℚ
p

)

${\operatorname{GL}_{n}({\mathbb{Q}}_{p})}$

.
Further results are devoted to the divisible and torsion parts of

U
α

${U_{\alpha}}$

,
and to the so-called “nub”

nub
⁡

(
α
)

=

U
α

¯

∩

U

α

-
1

¯

${\operatorname{nub}(\alpha)=\overline{U_{\alpha}}\cap\overline{U_{\alpha^{-1}}}}$

of an expansive automorphism.
Inverse problems for linear parabolic equations using mixed formulations – Part 1: Theoretical analysis
Authors: Münch Arnaud , Souza Diego A.
Published: October 2016

We consider the reconstruction of the solution of a parabolic equation posed inΩ×(0,T){\Omega\times(0,T)}, with a bounded open subset Ω ofℝN{\mathbb{R}^{N}}, from a partial distributed observation. We employ a least-squares technique and minimize theL2{L^{2}}-norm of the distance from the observation to any solution. Taking the parabolic equation as the main constraint, the optimality conditions are reduced to a mixed formulation involving both the state to reconstruct and a Lagrange multiplier. The well-posedness of this mixed formulation, in particular the inf-sup property, is a consequence of classical energy estimates. We then reproduce the arguments to a linear first-order system, involving the normal flux, equivalent to the linear parabolic equation. The method, valid in any spatial dimensionN, may also be employed to reconstruct solutions from boundary observations. With respect to the hyperbolic case, the parabolic situation requires, due to regularization properties, the introduction of an appropriate weight function so as to make the reconstruction stable with respect to standard Sobolev spaces.
Biogeomorphological effects of leaf accumulations in stepped-bed channels: Exploratory study, Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic
Authors: Přibyla Zdeněk , Galia Tomáš , Hradecký Jan
Published: October 2016

The stepped-bed system, with a step-like longitudinal profile, is typical morphology in steep headwater streams. These systems are created by a series of coarse sediments or instream wood (steps with supercritical flows) interspaced with finer material (forming pools with subcritical flows). In the case of well-developed steps and pools, the resulting channel-reach morphology is referred to as “step-pool” morphology. In this study, we identify a previously undescribed type of step-pool formation, the “foliaged step-pool”, in the high-gradient Stoligy Stream of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains. The defining feature of this formation is the significant presence of leaves in the step structure. The geometry of the steps and pools was measured and the parameters that characterise the distribution, amount and function of leaves acting in these areas were defined. Statistical results showed differences between non-foliaged and foliaged step-pool formations, in which the latter showed a significant increase in storage level, influencing the channel’s hydrodynamics. Particle-size analyses demonstrated that foliaged step-pool formations had finer sediment in the pools, which indicates that there are differences in sediment transport processes between foliaged and non-foliaged formations. These results offer new insights into stepped-bed and step-pool morphology, providing directions for further research on small streams in deciduous forested regions.
Application of Multi-criteria Approach for Sustainability Assessment of Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kluczek Aldona
Published: October 2016

The paper is to present a multi-criteria approach for sustainability assessment of manufacturing processes, which can be applied to carry out the sustainability assessment of manufacturing processes requiring less detailed data, time, and expert knowledge, but still providing a company-level analysis. The analytical hierarchy process method is used to determine ranking of simple and relevant activity areas for manufacturing processes in terms of sustainability objectives. Analytical technique is also employed to assess the degree of sustainability in manufacturing due to limited information which appear to be a characteristic of the case study presented. One goal of sustainability characterization methodology is to improve the manufacturing sustainability performance. Similar to the baseline scenario, sustainability reevaluation for sustainability improvement is also applied and discuses performance profile at the process level. This approach seems particularly useful when comparing different processes. It makes applicable for various industries and might be a challenge to derive priorities for systematic improvement. The applicability and usability of the proposed assessment method was verified by the case study in company producing heating devices.
Does Competitively Distinct Operation Enable Performance in Turbulent Business Environment? A Study on Finnish SMEs
Authors: Timilsina Binod
Published: October 2016

Aligning resource choice and operations decision in the value chain (input-process-output) is one of the most important functions of a firm not only to make its operations to be competitively distinct but also very important for the firm’s growth and survival. However, the role of competitively distinct operations in maintaining better performance in dynamic and changing business environment has remained unclear. Therefore, this paper examined the relationship between competitively distinct operations, high efficiency operations and operational performance (research model one). In the similar manner the relationship between turbulent business environments, operational performance and financial performance were also examined (research model two). The study was conducted considering survey responses from 61 small and medium size enterprises from Finland. Correlation test and structural path modelling was used to test and validate the proposed hypothesis and research model. The results showed that competitively distinct operation enables high efficiency operations, which influences operational performance positively and significantly. In the similar manner, operational performance influences financial performance positively and significantly. Likewise, turbulent business environment was found to have a negative impact on operational and financial performance. The research findings are found to be adequate enough to highlight the importance of aligning resource choice and operations decisions in reducing the impact of turbulent business environment on organizational performance.
Information Capacity Database in the Rating Model on the Basis of Polish and Italian Real Estate Markets
Authors: Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata , Biłozor Andrzej
Published: October 2016

Preliminary data analyses in decision-making systems and procedures are very important for numerous reasons, in particular because the accumulation and analysis of large data sets is costly and time-consuming. The effective use of decision support systems, including on the real estate market, requires the elimination of noise. The authors have proposed to eliminate redundant data with the use of the modified method for evaluating the capacity of the data set, which is applied in the process of classifying the condition of real estate markets. The proposed procedure (subsystem) is an attempt to improve the effectiveness of analyses relating to the development of methods for rating real estate markets. The proposed solutions will be simulated on the example of leading real estate markets in Poland and Italy.
The Essence of Equivalent Markets in Determining the Market Value of Land Property for Variable Planning Factors
Authors: Wójciak Ewelina
Published: October 2016

The leading local legislation act defining the spatial policy is the local development plan, the financing of which is the commune’s responsibility. The beneficiary of activities aimed at the transformation of the intended property use is its owner or its perpetual lessee – with lessees incurring the costs of adopting the local development plans through so-called zoning fees, the amount of which, often controversial, has become the source of numerous lawsuits. The presented problem of an outside-business and often radical change of land value corresponds to the market dilemmas in determining equivalent markets, and establishing price-setting factors and their impact on the value of real estate.

Circles of analysts and appraisers determine equivalent markets radially. This means that the analyzed or valued property is the central point of the monitored area, incorrectly “enclosed” within the geometry of a circle. Such a perception of the dispersion of transaction prices does not reflect the actual nature of the market, as evidenced by the analyses of land property values according to their planning factors, carried out as part of the present paper.

The focal point of the article is a continuous map of land value developed for properties located within the cadastral unit of Podgórze of the city of Krakow which indicates that it is not legitimate to arbitrarily take on the radial approach when designating equivalent markets, which was indirectly approved by Waldo Tobler claiming that: “Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things” (Tobler 1970).
Estimation of the Effect of Changes in Forest Associations on Runoff Processes in Basins: Case Study in the Hron and Topľa River Basins
Authors: Rončák Peter , Hlavčová Kamila , Látková Tamara
Published: October 2016

Distributed rainfall-runoff model simulations are often used to evaluate the impact of changes on the generation of runoff. These models have the advantage of reflecting the effects of land use on spatially distributed model parameters. The article deals with changes in forest associations as a result of global climate changes. In this article the WetSpa model was used for estimating the impact of forest changes on the runoff regime in the Hron and Topla river basins, with an emphasis on the parameterization of the land cover properties in the runoff simulations. The parameters of the model were estimated using climate data and three digital map layers: a land-use map, soil map and digital elevation model. This work contains two land use change scenarios of forest associations and also two scenarios of global climate change. Both types of scenarios of changes were prepared, and the runoff under the new conditions was simulated.
Interaction of Buried Pipeline with Soil Under Different Loading Cases
Authors: Magura Martin
Published: October 2016

Gas pipelines pass through different topographies. Their stress level is influenced not only by gas pressure, but also by the adjacent soil, the thickness of any covering layers, and soil movements (sinking, landslides). The stress level may be unevenly spread over a pipe due to these causes. When evaluating experimental measurements, errors may occur. The value of the resistance reserve of steel can be adjusted by a detailed analysis of any loading. This reserve can be used in the assessment of a pipeline’s actual state or in reconstructions. A detailed analysis of such loading and its comparison with the simple theory of elasticity is shown in this article.
Nitrogen mineralization in forestry-drained peatland soils in the Stołowe Mountains National Park (Central Sudetes Mts)
Authors: Glina Bartłomiej , Bogacz Adam , Woźniczka Przemysław
Published: October 2016

The aim of this work was to determine the intensity of nitrogen mineralization in forestry drained ombrotrophic peatland soils in the Stołowe Mountains National Park, SW Poland. Additionally discussion about the shallow organic soils classification according to Polish Soil Classification (2011) is presented. For the study three research transects were established on forestry drained ombrotrophic peatlands in the Stołowe Mountains. Each of the transect consisted of four (site A and B) or five (site C) sampling plots. Sampling was conducted in the year 2012. The soil samples for the basic soil properties analysis were sampled in April, whereas undisturbed soil samples were collected in stainless steel rings (100 cm3) every 10 cm in April (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn) to show the seasonal dynamics of nitrogen mineralization. Statistical analysis showed that the content of N-NH4was mainly determined by actual soil moisture and precipitation rate, whereas the content of N-NO3was positively correlated with air temperature. Among investigated peatlands the highest concentrations of mineral nitrogen forms was observed in the Długie Mokradło bog, situated on the Skalniak Plateau-summit. Additionally, the results obtained showed that implementation of new subtype: shallow fibric peat soils (in Polish: gleby torfowe fibrowe płytkie) within the type of peat soils (in polish: gleby torfowe) should be considered during developing of the next update of Polish Soil Classification.
Forms and mobility of trace elements in soils of park areas from the city of Bydgoszcz, north Poland
Authors: Dąbkowska-Naskręt Halina , Różański Szymon , Bartkowiak Agata
Published: October 2016

Increasing human activity affects urban ecosystem, including soils. The objective of the study were examine the content of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and manganese in soils of city parks and green areas from Bydgoszcz agglomeration, north Poland, estimate their forms and mobility, characterize distribution within soil profile, and estimate their origin – anthropogenic or natural. Three green areas from the older part of the city were selected for the study. Multistep sequential extraction method was conducted for the separation of seven metal fractions. It is concluded that soil studied were contaminated mainly by zinc and lead. These metals exist mainly in relatively non mobile forms i.e. associated with amorphous and crystalline iron oxides and with soil organic matter. The distribution within soil depth varied due to the elution process and variation of mixed soil material and additives.
Why There Are No Partisan Turnovers in Malaysia
Authors: Raina Ajay
Published: October 2016

This paper asserts that ethnically dominated political citizenship defines the deep structure of the Malaysian regime, in congruence with ethnic Malay social demand. This, rather than the commonly suggested electoral gerrymander, prevents partisan turnovers because opposition parties, tied to the same congruence, offer no strategic gains to alter the status quo.
What Explains South Korean Interest in FTA Partners?
Authors: Rosenbaum Chika Yamamoto , Krieckhaus Jonathan
Published: October 2016

This study examines why and when South Korea has pursued free trade agreements. Empirical analysis evaluates Korea’s free trade partners based on (1) market size, (2) levels of economic development, (3) geographic proximity, (4) democratic governance, and (5) trade competition with China and Japan.
The Indigenization of Photovoice Methodology
Authors: Thompson Nicole L. , Miller Nicole C. , Cameron Ann F.
Published: October 2016

We, along with staff from nine Michigan tribes, examined Head Start's role in American Indian lives using photovoice methodology, which puts cameras in the hands of community members to document their realities. The use of photovoice as a participatory methodology was purposeful given that it engages participants in the research process, thereby fostering research with rather than on Native peoples. Our collaboration resulted in an Indigenization of the inquiry mode yielding a more culturally relevant and respectful methodology. These adaptations included identifying and presenting Indigenous ways of knowing, both visually and verbally, as well as providing an opportunity for storytelling. The partners shared their story with impact beyond their communities as they relayed findings in multiple venues. The project has not only resulted in improved community facilities and growth and development among our community research partners but an alteration of the method to further empower Native people.
Grafting Indigenous Ways of Knowing onto Non-Indigenous Ways of Being
Authors: Ahenakew Cash
Published: October 2016

This article examines issues that arise when Indigenous epistemologies are interpreted through non-Indigenous ontologies in research settings. I use the concept of grafting to refer to the act of transplanting ways of knowing and being from a context where they emerge naturally to a context where they are artificially implanted. I start exploring this context through a poem that outlines the difficulties Indigenous people tend to face when inhabiting academic spaces whose architecture is built on the violent historical foundations of modernity. Next, I briefly outline critiques of recognition and inclusion in political and educational spheres to highlight how liberal discourses have tended to offer only conditional forms of integration that support dominant ways of thinking by presenting them as benevolent and inclusive. I then turn to a discussion of the implications of this analysis for Indigenous research methodologies. I conclude with tentative suggestions for further work in this area.
Decolonizing Our Own Stories
Authors: Venable Jessica , Sato Brandy Ann , Duca Jimi Del , Sage Franklin
Published: October 2016

During the 2013 American Indigenous Research Association (AIRA) conference, it was noted that graduate students using Indigenous research methodologies make unique contributions to academia and have unique needs. In response, Student Storytellers Indigenizing the Academy (SSITA) was formed, a worldwide support network of graduate students using an online forum. A SSITA working group launched a project with two goals: to gather SSITA members’ stories about decolonizing research and to reflect on how decolonizing research may impact their sense of place in the Western academy. This project was also an opportunity for students to develop a method for conducting collaborative research across space, time, and cultures and share that knowledge with the broader scholarly community. Several themes emerged: our varied, sometimes disorienting, educational experiences; our difficulty in locating and accessing mentors and resources; and our resilience in developing and sharing our solutions to decolonizing our research.
The Effect of Organic Nutrient and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Embryo and Shoots Development of Dendrobium antennatum Lindl. Orchid by In Vitro
Authors: Utami Edy Setiti Wida , Hariyanto Sucipto
Published: October 2016

Dendrobium antennatum has high economic value as cut flowers and flowerpots. Like orchid seeds in general, D. antennatum is difficult to germinate under natural conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of coconut water on seed germination and embryo development, as well as the effect of NAA on shoots development of D. antennatum. This study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, the 12 weeks-old seeds after pollination were sown on MS medium containing 2 g/L peptone + 0%; 5%; 10%; and 20% coconut water. After 8 weeks of culture, the seeds germinated and the shoot formed were recorded. The highest in seed germination (92.2%) and the formation of shoots (51.4%) were obtained when seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 2 g/L peptone + 20% coconut water. In the second stage, the shoots were sub-cultured on MS medium containing 1 mg/L thidiazuron + 0 mg/L; 1 mg/L; 2 mg/L; and 3 mg/L NAA. After 16 weeks of sub-culture, the height of plantlets, the length of the roots and leaves, number of leaves and roots formed were recorded. MS medium containing 1 mg/L thidiazuron + 1 mg/L NAA was the most suitable for the shoots development of D.antennatum. The embryo development of D.antennatum in vitro begins with the enlargement of embryo, with further it emerges from the seed coat (germinated) followed by the formation of the apical meristems to form the shoots and the roots.

 
The Potential Fruit Crop of Cibodas Botanical Garden
Authors: Normasiwi Suluh , Surya Muhammad Imam
Published: October 2016

As an institute for ex situ plant conservation of high mountains, Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG), has more than 1652 species and 8140 specimens of plant collections. An inventory of potential fruit crop in CBG which will support the conservation program had never been done before. The aim of this activity is to determine its potential collections as fruit crop. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze all the data achieved from registration unit and catalogue of (CBG). The results showed that 422 numbers of collections from 31 family, 56 genus and 114 species have high potential as a fruit crop. Moreover, Cibodas Botanical Garden has 74% collection of indigenous fruit (included 85 species) and 61% collection of underutilize fruit (included 68 species) from the total number of fruit plant collections. Most of potential plant collections are able to be developed as an edible fruit crop in Indonesia in order to enhance local food security through diversification of fruit crop.

How to Cite

Normasiwi, S., & Surya, M. I. (2016). The Potential Fruit Crop of Cibodas Botanical Garden. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(2), 206-213.
The Correlation Between Dietary Habits and Dental Hygiene Practice with Dental Caries Among School Children at Urban Area in Semarang
Authors: Ali Omaran Ibrahim Mohammed , Oedijani Oedijani , Muis Fatimah
Published: October 2016

Dental caries is a major cause of tooth loss in children and young adults. Dental caries have been linked to the situation of underprivileged families, nutritional imbalance, and poor oral hygiene techniques, including lack of tooth brushing or flossing the teeth, and also have a genetic etiology. Dietary habits and dental hygiene practice can result in high caries in school children. This research aimed to reveal the correlation between dietary habits and dental hygiene practice with dental caries among school children in urban area of Semarang. The subjects of this research are the elementary student 7 – 9 years old enrolled in schools located in at urban area in Semarang in 2016 and the mother of a student who became the study sample. Data were statisically analyzed usingbivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that: there was no correlation between total carbohydrate intake, refined carbohydrate intake, fiber intake, dental hygiene practice with dental caries, bottle feeding and duration of bottle feeding were assosiated with dental cariest-score. Overall, def-t score in the study was very bad with high median of dental caries score and many children have dental caries t-score more than 6.
Crisis del Estado de derecho en Colombia: un análisis desde la perspectiva de la legislación penal
Authors: Saidiza Peñuela & Otro Hugo & Otro
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo pretende advertir la crisis a la que se ha visto abocado el modelo
de Estado de derecho, así como el deterioro del sistema de garantías que le es inherente,
como consecuencia de la incursión en el escenario global del discurso de la
seguridad, el cual se ha establecido como estandarte de la denominada lucha contra
el terrorismo. En el contexto del paradigma securitario, se establece un derecho
penal de cuño autoritario que soslaya los postulados liberales y democráticos que
deberían informar su práctica y servir de límite al poder punitivo, de este modo, se
pretende ofrecer un marco contextual y conceptual que nos permita determinar la
función que cumple el derecho penal en este panorama específico.
Desarrollo humano y convergencia en economías de aglomeración: un debate entre Amartya Sen y Paul Krugman
Authors: Racero Mayorca David Ricardo
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo plantea un diálogo entre dos de los premios Nobel de Economía más influyentes de las últimas décadas: Paul Krugman y Amartya Sen. La tesis central del trabajo consiste en plantear la necesidad de acudir a la propuesta de política económica adelantada por Sen, referida a “bienes públicos”, para poder generar condiciones de desarrollo no segregacionistas en economías de aglomeración. El presente documento evidencia que el proceso que Krugman describe sobre el crecimiento de las economías de aglomeración deja inevitablemente zonas rezagadas que, por no estar cerca de los centros industriales y de producción, quedan suspendidas en la pobreza. De esta manera, la noción de “desarrollo” más amplia que utiliza Sen hace posible acudir a la generación de mecanismos progresivos que permitan disminuir tal desigualdad mediante políticas distributivas para la ampliación de capacidades. El diálogo conceptual de los dos autores nos posibilita la construcción de un modelo hipotético que tiene como centro la maximización de la utilidad por parte de los hogares (aumento de capacidades en sentido de  Sen) en un contexto de aglomeración en perspectiva de Krugman. Al final se realiza una  proyección dinámica del modelo mediante la plataforma de simulación Netlogo para soportar la propuesta conceptual.
Dosage Compensation in Drosophila—a Model for the Coordinate Regulation of Transcription
Authors: Kuroda Mitzi I , Hilfiker Andres , Lucchesi John C
Published: October 2016

The sex chromosomes have special significance in the history of genetics. The chromosomal basis of inheritance was firmly established when Calvin Bridges demonstrated that exceptions to Mendel’s laws of segregation were accompanied at the cytological level by exceptional sex chromosome segregation. The morphological differences between X and Y exploited in Bridges’ experiments arose as a consequence of the evolution of the sex chromosomes. Originally a homologous chromosome pair, the degeneration of the Y chromosome has been accompanied by a requirement for increased expression of the single X chromosome in males. Drosophila has been a model for the study of this dosage compensation and has brought key strengths, including classical genetics, the exceptional cytology of polytene chromosomes, and more recently, comprehensive genomics. The impact of these studies goes beyond sex chromosome regulation, providing valuable insights into mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of chromatin domains, and for the coordinate regulation of transcription.
Progressive Aortic Stenosis in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia After Liver Transplant
Authors: Greco Margaret , Robinson Joshua D. , Eltayeb Osama , Benuck Irwin
Published: October 2016

Early onset coronary artery disease and aortic calcifications are characteristic features of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Standard medical therapy includes dietary modification, pharmacotherapy, and lipoprotein apheresis to lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Liver transplant is a surgical option for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and can lead to normal cholesterol levels. Vascular calcifications are known to progress despite standard medical therapy and have been reported after liver transplant in the setting of rejection. We present the first report of progressive severe aortic valve stenosis in a patient despite liver transplant with normalization of lipid levels and no history of graft rejection.
Waste water of north-west Russia as a threat to the Baltic
Authors: Alekseev Mikhail , Smirnova Elena
Published: October 2016

This paper concerns the issue of ecological safety in the Baltic Sea and the danger caused by the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) issuing from the river basin of north-west Russia. The ecological safety and health of water basins are disturbed when excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus are released from waste water. This results in eutrophication, an increased growth of algae, which causes an imbalance in the ecological system. The cities of Russia’s north-west region lack the funds to renovate their water treatment systems. A solution is to improve the biological water treatment system by introducing a chemical. The main goal of this research is to implement enhanced biological phosphorus removal from domestic sewage. To do this, the authors suggest using waste from the production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at the ammophos chemical plant in Cherepovets (iron sulfate and phosphogypsum) as reagents. One advantage of these reagents is their low cost. In addition, this solves the problem of their recycling and increases the ecological safety of the rivers in north-west Russia and, thus, of the Baltic Sea. The high removal efficiency of all types of phosphorus and total nitrogen from waste water is attributable to features of micelle creation during coagulation.
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure
Authors: Tokmachev R E , Budnevsky A V , Kravchenko A Ya
Published: October 2016

The review considers the main points of the concept of progressive chronic heart failure (CHF). The neurohumoral model of CHF pathogenesis could create novel approaches to treating these patients. However, recent studies have shown that the ways of activating the neurohumoral systems in CHF are much more complex. The increased local synthesis of hormones causes the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and proto-oncogenes, which have a number of negative effects. Multiple studies have formulated the immunoinflammatory concept of CHF pathogenesis, according to which the increased concentration of interleukin-6 is a marker of poor prognosis in CHF, and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α directly correlates with the severity of its clinical manifestations and the activity of the neurohumoral background in decompensation. The review gives a classification of cytokines and describes the reasons for their elevated plasma concentration, their possible role in the occurrence and progression of CHF, and their prognostic significance. The pathogenesis of CHF, which includes cytokine aggression, requires further studies of the effect of the inflammatory component on the course of heart failure.
Assessment of arterial wall stiffness by 24-hour blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Korneva V A , Kuznetsova T Yu
Published: October 2016

Arterial wall stiffness is an early marker of cardiovascular diseases. The gold standard for assessment of the stiffness of large vessels is presently pulse wave velocity (PWV). Work is in progress on the study of the reference values of PWV in people of different genders and ages. 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring is not only a procedure that can estimate diurnal BP variability, but also monitor the indicators of vascular wall stiffness in a number of cases over a 24-hour period. The given review highlights the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness, methods for its assessment, and the aspects of use in therapeutic practice.
Lipoprotein(a), its autoantibodies, and circulating T lymphocyte subpopulations as independent risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Afanasievа O I , Pylaeva E A , Klesareva E A , Potekhina A V , Provatorov S I , Afanasieva M I , Krasnikova T L , Masenko V P , Arefieva T I , Pokrovsky S N
Published: October 2016

Aim. To study the role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a potential autoantigen causing the activation of immunocompetent cells in atherosclerosis. Subjects and methods. A total of 104 men with stable coronary artery (CA) disease and different degrees of progressive coronary atherosclerosis were examined. Clinical blood analysis was carried out and lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, Th1, Th17, and Treg) were determined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. In addition, the indicators of blood lipid composition, Lp(a), autoantibody (autoAb) titer to Lp(a), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and the lymphocyte activation marker sCD25 were also measured. Results. The Lp(a) level was shown to predict the severity of CA lesions (β=0.28, p
Translational medicine in Russian cardiology: a new stage or repetition of the past?
Authors: Tereshchenko S N , Zhirov I V , Kochetov A G
Published: October 2016

The brief review gives the experience in using the concept of translational medicine in the practical activities of the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex in the past 25 years of its existence. It outlines the possible ways of developing this area in Russian medicine to solve crucial scientific and practical tasks.
Association of the -844G>A polymorphism in the catalase gene with the increased risk of essential hypertension in smokers
Authors: Bushueva O Yu , Ivanov V P , Ryzhaeva V N , Ponomarenko I V , Churnosov M I , Polonikov A V
Published: October 2016

Aim. To investigate whether the functionally relevant -844G>A promotor polymorphism in the catalase (CAT) gene is associated with the development of essential hypertension (EH). Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 2,339 unrelated ethnic Russian people, including 1,269 EH patients and 770 apparently healthy individuals. Genotyping of CAT -844G>A (rs769214) polymorphism was performed using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results. The -844A allele (odds ratio (OR)=1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.64; р=0.02) and the -844AA genotype (OR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.94; р=0.03) were found to be related to a higher risk of EH in the smokers. No association was found between this polymorphism and EH risk in the non-smokers. Conclusion. Smoking is a predisposing factor for development of EH in CAT -844AA genotype carriers.
Controlled diuretic monotherapy in hypertensive patients: Efficiency and metabolic safety
Authors: Semenkin A A , Zhivilova L A , Nechaeva G I , Chindareva O I , Loginova E N , Pritykina T V
Published: October 2016

Aim. To evaluate the antihypertensive efficiency and metabolic effects of controlled monotherapy with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and indapamide retard (IR) in hypertensive patients. Subjects and methods. The study included 50 patients with Stage II essential hypertension, grades 1-3 blood pressure (BP) elevation, who received 3-month monotherapy with IR (n=25) or HCT (n=25). Changes were determined in BP, blood lipid, glucose, and potassium levels. The efficiency of antihypertensive therapy was evaluated in the entire group and subgroups of patients identified in accordance with the used diuretic and the presence (n=27) or absence (n=23) of therapy at previous stages. Results. A total of 54% of the patients included in the study achieved target BP after 3 months of therapy. The proportion of individuals with normalized BP was comparable in the HCT and IR groups (52 and 56%, respectively) and in previously treated patients and those who used for the first time antihypertensive drugs (51.8 and 56.5%, respectively). Normalization of systolic and diastolic BPs was achieved in 78 and 58% of the patients, respectively. Target BP was achieved in 94,1%, 42,9% and 16,7% of patients with grades 1,2 and 3 hypertension, respectively. IR proved to be metabolically neutral whereas HCT was found to significantly increase the blood levels of triglycerides and glucose by 15.3% (p
Teacher Written Feedback on Student Writing: Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspectives
Authors: Agbayahoun Juvenale Patinvoh
Published: October 2016

Using quantitative and qualitative research instruments, this study investigates teachers’ feedback on students’ writing in an EFL teaching context in the Republic of Benin. The main purpose is to determine the nature of the feedback that the teachers provide, and to identify their rationale for feedback provision. The study also attempts to provide insights into the learners’opinions about their teachers’ feedback. The results indicate that the majority of the participant EFL students are not favourable to their teachers’ feedback practices, and therefore, do not use the feedback that they get effectively. The study also reveals that while the teachers consider their feedback as a tool to promote accuracy in writing in their EFL classes, the students prefer a type of teacher feedback that would also take into account the content of their written production. Suggestions are made in the study to help bridge the gap between teachers’ practices and learners’ expectations.
A Genre Analysis Study of Iranian EFL Learners’ Master Theses with a Focus on the Introduction Section
Authors: Shirani Shadi , Chalak Azizeh
Published: October 2016

Genre analysis, which is defined as the study of how language is used in a particular context, is considered as a crucial factor in all types of communication especially in writing academic texts. This study aimed at analyzing the rhetorical structure of the introduction section of master theses, to see to what extent they follow the standard frameworks. To fulfill the objectives of the study, 40 master(M.A.) theses written by Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) at Islamic Azad University (IAU), Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch were collected and analyzed. The descriptive analysis of the data including frequency and percentage, indicated that most of the rhetorical structures (moves) that are approved by the field professionals were followed with a high degree of occurrence in Iranian EFL learners’ M.A. theses. The results of the study may pave the way for improving the students’ writing and also the teaching process for academic practitioners.
An Empirical Study of Business English Reflective Teaching in Colleges
Authors: Wu Junqiu , Wu Yongpeng
Published: October 2016

With the initiative of “the belt and road”, China pays more and more attention to the business English education due to the abundant need of the business elites. The traditional business English education no longer meets the need of the international competition. To reform the business English education, we start from the teachers and through their reflective teaching to explore the points that needed to be changed. By employing the theory of reflective teaching, adopting methodology of qualitative and quantitative research, the author studies whether reflective teaching will bring about changes to the teacher's teaching concepts and behavior, what changes will be brought about to them and what the effective and practical forms of reflective teaching activities are.
Foucauldian Docile Body in Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island
Authors: Beheshti Robab , Shafieyan Mahdi
Published: October 2016

This article presents a Foucauldian reading of Dennis Lehane’s Shutter Island. Depicting modern medical facilities, the book demonstrates disciplinary system and power manipulation on psychotic patients who are confined to cellular spaces, and are subjugated under medical gaze. Despite the patients’ resistance to the power, they are ultimately expected to be dominated and normalized. The ideas presented in the novel are in line with Foucault’s notion of “docile body”, discussed in his Discipline and Punish, which are considered as the key concepts of the research and are explored within the designated novels. Power as a penetrating force transforms the individual into a docile being which refers to a submissive and dynamic body; surveillance acts as physics of power and holds a constant gaze on the individual in a way that he is subjugated by the invisible observing power; confinement along with cellular distribution turns the individual to an analytical body. This research aims to explore the docilizing elements and achieved level of normalization within the novel of the study; it tries to investigate the extent to which the gaze held on the patients performs a positive result as discussed by Foucault. The study inspects the response of the body to disciplinary techniques and reveals that in Lehane’s novel, the effect of power manipulation is displayed as possibly counter-productive and repressive in docilizing the body which is contradictory to Foucault’s positive view of power.
Polen – fra europeisk suksesshistorie til Europas problembarn?
Authors: Godzimirski Jakub M.
Published: October 2016

The article examines recent developments in Poland, focusing on the 2015 presidential and parliamentary elections, and their impact on the process of reshaping the political landscape in Poland and its relations with partners. Current developments are situated in the broader historical context, and the 2015 election results are analysed, followed by a discussion of the ongoing political processes. The article concludes with a review of old and new political divisions in the country and how these influence internal political developments and Poland’s relations with the outside world.
Citation: Jakub M. Godzimirski (2016) «Polen – fra europeisk suksesshistorie til Europas problembarn?». Nordisk Østforum 30 [3] 158–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.510
(Published: October 2016)