bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Dynamic Characteristics of Supercritical Boiler Based on Coupling Model of Combustion and Hydrodynamics
Authors: Han Yuan , Wang Chao , Liu Kairui , Zhang Linxi , Zhu Yujie , Wang Yankai , Wang Limin , Che Defu
Published: October 2024

To accommodate the integration of renewable energy, coal-fired power plants must take on the task of peak regulation, making the low-load operation of boilers increasingly routine. Under low-load conditions, the phase transition point (PTP) of the working fluid fluctuates, leading to potential flow instability, which can compromise boiler safety. In this paper, a one-dimensional coupled dynamic model of the combustion and hydrodynamics of a supercritical boiler is developed on the Modelica/Dymola 2022 platform. The spatial distribution of key thermal parameters in the furnace and the PTP position in the water-cooled wall (WCW) are analyzed in a 660 MW supercritical boiler when parameters on the combustion side change under full-load and low-load conditions. The dynamic response characteristics of the temperature, mass flow rate, and the PTP position are investigated. The results show that the over-fire air (OFA) ratio significantly influences the flue gas temperature distribution. A lower OFA ratio increases the flue gas temperature in the burner zone but reduces it at the furnace exit. The lower OFA ratio leads to a higher fluid temperature and shortens the length of the evaporation section. The temperature difference in the WCW outlet fluid between the 20% and 60% OFA ratios is 11.7 °C under BMCR conditions and 7.4 °C under 50% THA conditions. Under the BMCR and 50% THA conditions, a 5% increase in the coal caloric value raises the flue gas outlet temperature by 32.7 °C and 35.4 °C and the fluid outlet temperature by 6.5 °C and 9.9 °C, respectively. An increase in the coal calorific value reduces the length of the evaporation section. The changes in the length of the evaporation section are −2.95 m, 2.95 m, −2.62 m, and 0.54 m when the coal feeding rate, feedwater flow rate, feedwater temperature, and air supply rate are increased by 5%, respectively.
Short-Term Electricity Futures Investment Strategies for Power Producers Based on Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Yizheng , Shi Enhao , Xu Yang , Hu Jiahua , Feng Changsen
Published: October 2024

The global development and enhancement of electricity financial markets aim to mitigate price risk in the electricity spot market. Power producers utilize financial derivatives for both hedging and speculation, necessitating careful selection of portfolio strategies. Current research on investment strategies for power financial derivatives primarily emphasizes risk management, resulting in a lack of a comprehensive investment framework. This study analyzes six short-term electricity futures contracts: base day, base week, base weekend, peak day, peak week, and peak weekend. A multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm, Dual-Q MADDPG, is employed to learn from interactions with both the spot and futures market environments, considering the hedging and speculative behaviors of power producers. Upon completion of model training, the algorithm enables power producers to derive optimal portfolio strategies. Numerical experiments conducted in the Nordic electricity spot and futures markets indicate that the proposed Dual-Q MADDPG algorithm effectively reduces price risk in the spot market while generating substantial speculative returns. This study contributes to lowering barriers for power generators in the power finance market, thereby facilitating the widespread adoption of financial instruments, which enhances market liquidity and stability.
Air Pollutant Emissions of Passenger Cars in Poland in Terms of Their Environmental Impact and Type of Energy Consumption
Authors: Pryciński Piotr , Pielecha Piotr , Korzeb Jarosław , Pielecha Jacek , Kostrzewski Mariusz , Eliwa Ahmed
Published: October 2024

The increasing number of vehicles operating in Poland, especially passenger vehicles, justifies the need to conduct air pollution emission tests in the context of the impact of vehicles on the natural environment. Firstly, this article reviews the publications related to air pollutant emissions and passenger vehicles traveling on Polish roads. However, it presents a special method using advanced research equipment to determine air pollutant emissions. The above research methods are justified in implementing clean transport zones. Real Driving Emissions represent an essential procedure in the implementation of clean transport zones in Poland, verifying the actual emissions of air pollutants and modeling this phenomenon using the results of real air pollutant emissions. The results of this research state that establishing a link between a vehicle’s air pollutant emissions and its age can support making transport or delivery planning more sustainable and choosing less carbon-intensive means of transport to reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment. The scientific novelty of the proposed solutions is the verification of the actual emissions of Euro 6 vehicles and the modeling of air pollutant emissions as a function of speed and acceleration. The research results are included in this article and will become input data for further analysis in examining the impact of vehicle operating age on air pollution emissions. Consequently, the novelty of the present research also lies in its focus on the verification of the impact of operating age, particularly in the context of vehicles exceeding 15 years of age, on air pollutant emissions. By establishing a correlation between a vehicle’s air pollutant emissions and its operating age, it becomes possible to make transport or delivery planning more sustainable. Furthermore, the selection of less carbon-intensive means of transport can contribute to reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment.
Mathematical Model of a Nonlinear Electromagnetic Circuit Based on the Modified Hamilton–Ostrogradsky Principle
Authors: Chaban Andriy , Popenda Andrzej , Perzyński Tomasz , Szafraniec Andrzej , Levoniuk Vitaliy
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a mathematical model of a typical lumped-parameter electromagnetic assembly, which consists of two subassemblies: one includes a magnetic circuit and the other with selected elements of electric circuits. An interdisciplinary research approach is used, which assumes the use of a modified integral method based on the variational Hamilton–Ostrogradsky principle. The modification of the method is the extension of the Lagrange function by two components. The first one reflects the dissipation of electromagnetic energy in the system, while the second one reflects the effect of external non-potential forces acting on the electromagnetic system. This approach allows for the avoidance of the inconvenience of the classical theory, which assumes the decomposition of the entire integrated system into individual electrical subsystems. The state equations of the electromagnetic subassembly are presented solely on the basis of the energy approach, which in turn allows taking into account various latent motions in the system, because the equations are derived based on non-stationary constraints between subsystems. The adopted theory allows for the formulation of the model of the system in a vector form, which gives much more possibilities for the analysis of higher-order electromagnetic circuits. Another important advantage is that the state equations of the considered electrical object are given in Cauchy normal form. In this way, the equations can be integrated both explicitly and implicitly. The results of computer simulations are presented in graphical form, analysed, and discussed.
An Innovative Fuel Design for HTGRs: Evaluating a 10-Hour High-Temperature Oxidation of the SiC Fuel Matrix During Air Ingress Accident Conditions
Authors: Nishimura Yosuke , Gubarevich Anna , Yoshida Katsumi , Okamoto Koji
Published: October 2024

Preventing severe corrosion incidents caused by air ingress accidents in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) while improving heat removal efficiency from the core is of paramount importance. To enhance both safety and efficiency, a sleeveless silicon carbide (SiC)-matrix fuel compact has been proposed. This study evaluates the 10-hour oxidation of reaction-sintered SiC (RS-SiC)-matrix fuel compact under the conditions of an air ingress accident within the temperature range of 1000 to 1400 °C. The oxidation tests were conducted in a stagnant air environment without flow. As a result, it is demonstrated that RS-SiC exhibits exceptional resistance to air oxidation up to 1400 °C, as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), with minimal mass loss due to the oxidation of free carbon. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis reveals that the morphology and thickness of the SiO2 layer formed on the RS-SiC surface vary with temperature. At 1400 °C, uniform oxide layer thickness ranging from 1.59 to 4.10 μm and localized nodule-like oxide formations of approximately 10 μm are observed. In contrast, at 1000–1200 °C, thinner oxide layers are identified, indicating that oxide growth accelerates at higher temperatures. The oxidation rates measured provide insights into the mechanisms of oxide growth.
Spectral Variations of Reclamation Vegetation in Rare Earth Mining Areas Using Continuous–Discrete Wavelets and Their Impact on Chlorophyll Estimation
Authors: Li Chige , Li Hengkai , Liu Kunming , Wang Xiuli , Fan Xiaoyong
Published: October 2024

Ion-adsorption rare earth mining areas are primarily situated in the hilly regions of southern China. However, mining activities have led to extensive deforestation of the original vegetation. The reclamation vegetation planted for ecological restoration faces significant challenges in surviving under environmental stresses, including heavy metal pollution, ammonia nitrogen contamination, and soil drought. To rapidly and accurately monitor the growth of reclamation vegetation, this study investigates the spectral variations and their impact on the accuracy of chlorophyll estimation, utilizing hyperspectral data and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD). Specifically, continuous–discrete wavelet transforms were applied, along with the original spectra and first derivative spectra, to enhance spectral anomalies in the reclamation vegetation and identify chlorophyll-sensitive spectral features. Additionally, multiple linear stepwise regression and backpropagation neural network models were employed to estimate chlorophyll content. The results revealed the following: (1) the d5 and d6 scales of the discrete wavelet effectively highlighted spectral anomalies in the reclamation vegetation; (2) Salix japonica (Salix fragilis L.), among typical reclamation species, exhibited poor adaptability to the environmental conditions of the rare earth mining area; (3) the backpropagation neural network model demonstrated superior performance in chlorophyll estimation, with the spectral features Fir, Fir_d4, Fir_d5, and Fir_d6 significantly enhancing the accuracy of the model, achieving an R2 of 0.93 for Photinia glabra (Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Maxim.). The application of continuous–discrete wavelet transforms to hyperspectral data significantly improves the precision of chlorophyll estimation, underscoring the potential of this method for the rapid monitoring of reclamation vegetation growth.
Impact of Skidding and Slope on Grapple Skidder Productivity and Costs: A Monte Carlo Simulation in Eucalyptus Plantations
Authors: Simões Danilo , da Silva Richardson Barbosa Gomes , Miyajima Ricardo Hideaki , Avelino Lara Tatiane , Barreiros Ricardo Marques
Published: October 2024

Background: In the context of mechanized timber harvesting, alterations in technical parameters, such as skidding distance and terrain slope, have the potential to influence the productivity and production costs associated with the self-propelled grapple skidder. Furthermore, these variables are inherently uncertain, which could potentially cause forest managers to make inaccurate decisions. The objective was to analyze whether four skidding distances and two slope classes influence the productivity and production costs of the grapple skidder in Eucalyptus planted forests from a stochastic perspective using the Monte Carlo method. Methods: Productivity was estimated using the time study protocol. To calculate the cost per scheduled hour of the grapple skidder, both fixed and variable costs were considered, and subsequently, the production cost was determined. Results: The mean productivity of the grapple skidder on flat slopes was 114.35 m3 h−1, while on wavy to strong wavy slopes it was 80.43 m3 h−1. In flat slopes, considering all skid distance ranges, the mean production cost was 0.82 USD m−3, while in wavy to strong wavy slopes it was 1.48 USD m−3. The mean values for operator labor costs and fuel account for 58.1% of the cost per scheduled hour of the grapple skidder. Conclusions: The mean productivity of the grapple skidder in Eucalyptus planted forests decreased with increasing skidding distance in both slope classes but was 29.7% lower on wavy to strong wavy slopes compared to flat slopes. The mean production cost of the grapple skidder during timber skidding on flat slopes is 80.0% lower than on wavy to strong wavy slopes. For future investigations, the impact of other slope classes, skid distances, and silvicultural aspects on productivity and production costs can be considered from a stochastic perspective using the Monte Carlo method.
Reinforcing Nitrogen Nutrition Through Partial Substitution with Organic Nitrogen Enhances the Properties of Natural Rubber
Authors: Jin Dongqi , Cha Zhengzao , Li Jianhong , Huang Yanyan , Yang Hongzhu , Liu Hailin , Luo Wei , Lin Qinghuo
Published: October 2024

The partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is a crucial practice for enhancing crop production and quality, although its impact on natural rubber has rarely been explored. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different nitrogen application rates and varying proportions of organic nitrogen substitution on dry rubber yield, nitrogen nutrition, and natural rubber properties. Regarding nitrogen application, the control treatment received no nitrogen amendment, while the low-nitrogen treatment was amended with 138 g·tree−1·year−1 of nitrogen. The medium-nitrogen treatment received 276 g·tree−1·year−1 of nitrogen, and the high-nitrogen treatment received 552 g·tree−1·year−1 of nitrogen. In addition, the low-organic-nitrogen substitution treatment and medium-organic-nitrogen substitution treatment were amended with 276 g·tree−1·year−1 of nitrogen each. The results demonstrated that the 50% organic nitrogen substitution treatment resulted in the highest dry rubber yield across all sampling periods, ranging from 46.43 to 94.65 g·tree−1. Additionally, this treatment exhibited superior soil total nitrogen (1067.69 mg·kg−1), available nitrogen (84.06 mg·kg−1), and nitrogen content in roots (1.08%), leaves (3.25%), fresh rubber latex (0.27%), and raw natural rubber (0.44%) compared with other treatments. In terms of the physical properties of natural rubber, the 50% organic nitrogen substitution treatment resulted in advantages in the weight-average molecular weight (1.57 × 106 g·mol−1), number-average molecular weight (0.36 × 106 g·mol−1), plasticity retention index (97.35%), Wallace plasticity (40.25), and Mooney viscosity (81.40). For mechanical properties, natural rubber from the substitution treatment exhibited higher tensile strength (19.84 MPa), greater elongation at break (834.75%), and increased tear strength (31.07 N·mm−1). Overall, the substitution of 50% chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic nitrogen fertilizer improved nitrogen nutrition in rubber trees by introducing organic nitrogen input, resulting in remarkable enhancements in natural rubber properties. Therefore, the incorporation of organic fertilizer as a substitution for 50% of chemical fertilizer is demonstrated as an effective strategy for improving both the yield and properties of natural rubber.
Microalgae–Nanoparticle Systems as an Alternative for Biogas Upgrading: A Review
Authors: Barragán-Trinidad Martín , Vargas-Estrada Laura , Torres-Arellano S. , Arias Dulce M. , Sebastian P. J.
Published: October 2024

Anaerobic digestion is a well-established technology for the sustainable production of biogas. However, to be used as a substitute for natural gas or as vehicle fuel, it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) and other contaminants from biogas that can compromise the useful life of combustion engines. Upgraded biogas is known as biomethane (>95% methane content). This work reviews the different technologies used for upgrading biogas, emphasizing microalgae–nanoparticle systems, representing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly system. Parameters affecting these systems performance are discussed, and the trends and areas of opportunity for subsequent work are evaluated through a bibliometric analysis.
Real-Time Smoke Detection in Surveillance Videos Using an Enhanced RT-DETR Framework with Triplet Attention and HS-FPN
Authors: Yang Lanyan , Cheng Yuanhang , Xu Fang , Li Boning , Li Xiaoxu
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the urgent need for an efficient and accurate smoke detection system to enhance safety measures in fire monitoring, industrial safety, and urban surveillance. Given the complexity of detecting smoke in diverse environments and under real-time constraints, our research aims to solve challenges related to low-resolution imagery, limited computational resources, and environmental variability. This study introduces a novel smoke detection system that utilizes the real-time detection Transformer (RT-DETR) architecture to enhance the speed and precision of video analysis. Our system integrates advanced modules, including triplet attention, ADown, and a high-level screening-feature fusion pyramid network (HS-FPN), to address challenges related to low-resolution imagery, real-time processing constraints, and environmental variability. The triplet attention mechanism is essential for detecting subtle smoke features, often overlooked due to their nuanced nature. The ADown module significantly reduces computational complexity, enabling real-time operation on devices with limited resources. Furthermore, the HS-FPN enhances the system’s robustness by amalgamating multi-scale features for reliable detection across various smoke types and sizes. Evaluation using a diverse dataset showcased notable improvements in average precision (AP50) and frames per second (FPS) metrics compared to existing state-of-the-art networks. Ablation studies validated the contributions of each component in achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and operational efficiency. The RT-DETR-based smoke detection system not only meets real-time requirements for applications like fire monitoring, industrial safety, and urban surveillance but also establishes a new performance benchmark in this field.
New Insights into Fish Diversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas Based on Environmental DNA Technology
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Wang Li , Wang Aiyong , Zhao Linlin
Published: October 2024

Marine biodiversity is increasingly threatened by overfishing and marine pollution. A comprehensive understanding of the biodiversity in the Yellow and Bohai Seas is essential for resource conservation. This study conducted a large-scale survey of fishery resources in the Yellow and Bohai Seas to investigate fish community structure and diversity using eDNA technology. The results showed that 57 and 65 fish species were recorded in spring and summer, respectively, with 46 species identified in both seasons. A total of nine dominant species were identified in spring, mainly belonging to Perciformes, while seven dominant species were identified in summer, primarily from Clupeiformes. In different regions, no significant differences in fish α diversity were observed between spring and summer. However, significant seasonal differences were found in both α and β diversity. At the spatial level, fish species in the Yellow and Bohai Seas occupied similar ecological niches. However, at the temporal level, there are certain differences in the ecological niches of fish communities between seasons. Phylogenetic diversity showed no significant differences at the spatial scale, yet notable seasonal variations were observed at the temporal scale, with spring (661.46) significantly exceeding summer (540.30). The Mantel test indicated that nitrate and salinity were key environmental factors influencing α diversity. RDA analysis revealed that the dominant species in spring were mainly influenced by chlorophyll-a and water temperature, while those in summer were mainly affected by water depth, nitrite, water temperature, and salinity.
Matings Between Individuals with Similar Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Improve Offspring Survival in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Bergamino Cinzia , Tomasoni Mattia , Colussi Silvia , Montemurro Vittoria , Altinok Ilhan , Prearo Marino , Kotzamanidis Charalampos , Acutis Pier Luigi , Vela Ana Isabel , Sciuto Simona , Esposito Giuseppe , Volpatti Donatella , Bozzetta Elena , Parati Katia , Aidos Lucia , Fariano Lucio , Sicuro Benedetto
Published: October 2024

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) consists of genes involved in immune response and molecular discrimination between self and non-self. MHC genes are the most polymorphic in vertebrates. The origin and maintenance of polymorphism in MHC genes in populations is still unresolved. Mechanisms such as sexual selection and heterozygote advantage have been suggested as explanations for this high variability. In this study, a farmed population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) characterized by the presence of specific MHC class IIB gene haplotypes at a frequency higher (30%) than that expected from random matings was investigated. Therefore, it was hypothesized that disassortative matings occur with an adaptive advantage for females, resulting in improved reproductive performance when mated with individuals with similar MHC haplotypes. Genetic analyses of the breeders were performed to define the MHC haplotypes and to perform specific matings. The effect of mating was evaluated by analyzing the survival rate of the offspring at various stages of incubation until swim-up. The reproductive performance of the offspring derived from specimens with similar haplotypes showed a better survival trend during the first life stages and reduced malformations. The results obtained are in contrast with the heterozygous advantage theory, therefore it was hypothesized, as for other salmonid species, the presence of a positive selection towards locally adapted MHC genes that promotes reproduction between genetically similar individuals.
On the Numerical Investigation of Natural-Convection Heat Sinks Across a Wide Range of Flow and Operating Conditions
Authors: Dewilde Louis , Ali Syed Mughees , Nimmagadda Rajesh , Persoons Tim
Published: October 2024

Many designs for natural-convection heat sinks and semi-empirical correlations have been proposed in the recent years, but they are only valid in a limited range of Elenbaas numbers El and were mostly tested for laminar flows. To alleviate those limits, parametric studies with 2D and quasi-3D models were carried out, in ranges of Grashof numbers up to 1.55×1011 and Elenbaas numbers up to 3.42×107. Ansys Fluent’s laminar, transition-SST, SST k-ω and k-ϵ models were applied. In addition, when used in this valid range, i.e., mean Elenbaas numbers, with the simplified quasi-3D model, the transition-SST model could predict better results, overestimating the heat flux by 10 to 15% compared to semi-empirical correlations. The 2D model was not deemed satisfying, regarding turbulence models. Consequently, a quasi-3D model was developed: it appeared to be an efficient trade-off between computational time and prediction accuracy, in particular for turbulence models. New grouping factors were also found, to ensure proper dimensioning of natural-convection heat sinks. They corresponded to non-dimensional parameters that dictated the physical behaviour of the heat sink with respect to the semi-empirical correlations. Typically, the ratio of the spacing to the optimal spacing predicted by Bar-Cohen’s correlation turned out to be an appropriate grouping factor with a threshold of 1, above which the fins could safely be considered as isolated, thus greatly simplifying all further calculations.
Bio-Guided Extraction of a Phenolic-Rich Extract from Industrial Peanut Skin with Antioxidant and Hypotensive Potential
Authors: de Matos Ana Carla , Batista Daniel , Pinheiro Luiza Gabriella Soares Dantas , Chiocchetti Gabriela de Matuoka e , Berni Paulo Roberto de Araújo , Macedo Gabriela Alves , Macedo Juliana Alves
Published: October 2024

Peanut composition includes phenolic compounds, especially in the skins, which are often not consumed. High blood pressure affects more than one billion people worldwide and is considered a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have correlated antihypertensive activity with the total phenolic content present in the plants. This study evaluated the hydroethanolic extraction of phenolic compounds from the industrial residue of peanut skin and evaluated the antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity of these extracts using in vitro models. A rotational central composite design (DCCR) was proposed to study the influence of the variables: (1) the ethanol concentration on the hydroalcoholic extractor solution, and (2) the proportion of solid sample (waste) per liquid in the extraction (mass/volume) in a simple solid—a liquid extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions within this model were 50% ethanol in water, and the proportion of sample to extraction solution (m/v) equaled to 0.2. The extract obtained had significant antioxidant capacity, both in chemical (ORAC) and in cellular models, with potential for free radical scavenging. Significant levels of ACE inhibition were also found, indicating antihypertensive activity.
Fava Bean Protein Nanofibrils Modulate Cell Membrane Interfaces for Biomolecular Interactions as Unveiled by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Karanth Sanjai , Wiesenfarth Marina , Benthin Julia , Koehler Melanie
Published: October 2024

Functional amyloids (protein nanofibrils, PNF) synthesized from plant sources exhibit unique physicochemical and nanomechanical properties that could improve food texture. While environmental factors affecting PNFs are well-known, scientific evidence on how cells (focus on the oral cavity) respond to them under physiological conditions is lacking. Self-assembled PNFs synthesized from fava bean whole protein isolate show a strong pH- and solvent-dependent morphology and elasticity modification measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After incubation of PNFs with an oral mechanosensitive model cell line at pH 7.3, difference in cell-surface roughness without significant changes in the overall cell elasticity were measured. The role of cell membrane composition on supported lipid bilayers was also tested, showing an increase in membrane elasticity with increasing fibril concentration and the possible impact of annular phospholipids in binding. Genetic responses of membrane proteins involved in texture and fat perception were detected at the mRNA level by RT-qPCR assay and both mechano- and chemosensing proteins displayed responses highlighting an interface dependent interaction. The outcomes of this study provide a basis for understanding the changing physicochemical properties of PNFs and their effect on flavor perception by altering mouthfeel and fat properties. This knowledge is important in the development of plant-based texture enhancers for sensory-appealing foods that require consumer acceptance and further promote healthy diets.
Improving the Gelation Properties of Pea Protein Isolates Using Psyllium Husk Powder: Insight into the Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Chen Qiongling , Guan Jiewen , Wang Zhengli , Wang Yu , Wang Xiaowen , Chen Zhenjia
Published: October 2024

The industrial application of pea protein is limited due to its poor gelation properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of psyllium husk powder (PHP) on improving the rheological, textural, and structural properties of heat-induced pea protein isolate (PPI) gel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), intermolecular forces analysis, the quantification of the surface hydrophobicity and free amino groups, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were conducted to reveal the inner structures of PPI-PHP composite gels, conformational changes, and molecular interactions during gelation, thereby clarifying the underlying mechanism. The results showed that moderate levels of PHP (0.5–2.0%) improved the textural properties, water holding capacity (WHC), whiteness, and viscoelasticity of PPI gel in a dose-dependent manner, with the WHC (92.60 ± 1.01%) and hardness (1.19 ± 0.02 N) peaking at 2.0%. PHP significantly increased surface hydrophobicity and enhanced hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions in PPI-PHP composite gels. Moreover, the electrostatic repulsion between anionic PHP and negatively charged PPI in a neutral environment prevented the rapid and random aggregation of proteins, thereby promoting the formation of a well-organized gel network with more β-sheet structures. However, the self-aggregation of excessive PHP (3.0%) weakened molecular interactions and disrupted the continuity of protein networks, slightly reducing the gel strength. Overall, PHP emerged as an effective natural gel enhancer for the production of pea protein gel products. This study provides technical support for the development of innovative plant protein-based foods with strong gel properties and enriched dietary fiber content.
Authenticating the Geographical Origin of Jingbai Pear in Northern China by Multiple Stable Isotope and Elemental Analysis
Authors: Li An , Zhao Duoyong , Li Jiali , Qian Jianping , Chen Qiusheng , Qian Xun , Yang Xusheng , Zhao Jie
Published: October 2024

The Jingbai pear is one of the best pear species in China with high quality and nutrition values which are closely linked to its geographical origin. With the purpose of discriminating the PGI Mentougou Jingbai pear from three other producing regions, the stable isotope ratios and elemental profiles of the pears (n = 52) and the corresponding soils and groundwater were determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The results revealed that δ15N, δ18OJ, and Li were significantly different (p < 0.05) in samples from different regions, which indicated their potential to be used in the geographical origin classification of the Jingbai pear. The nitrogen isotopic values of the pear pulp were positively correlated with the δ15N value and nitrogen content of the corresponding soils, whilst the B, Na, K, Cr, and Cd contents of the pear pulps were positively correlated with their corresponding soils. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed in combination with analysis of the stable isotopes and elemental profiles, making it possible to distinguish the cultivation regions from each other with a high prediction accuracy (a correct classification rate of 92.3%). The results of this study highlight the potential of stable isotope ratios and elemental profiles to trace the geographical origin of pears at a small spatial scale.
Impact of Metal-Containing Industrial Effluents on Leafy Vegetables and Associated Human Health Risk
Authors: Kravtsova Alexandra , Zinicovscaia Inga , Peshkova Alexandra , Nekhoroshkov Pavel , Cepoi Liliana , Chiriac Tatiana , Rudi Ludmila
Published: October 2024

One of the primary sources of trace elements in the environment is wastewater used for irrigation. However, the effects of untreated wastewater containing high concentrations of chromium and zinc on vegetables and the potential human health risks associated with their consumption are poorly understood. This pot experiment aimed to address this research gap. The accumulation of chromium and zinc and their effect on the biochemical parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) irrigated with untreated industrial effluents were assessed. The average concentrations of chromium and zinc in the edible parts of the vegetables ranged between 7.36 and 7.58 mg/kg dry weight and 59.8 and 833 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The irrigation of the lettuce with the effluent containing zinc at a concentration of 2.95 mg/L led to a significant increase in the content of phenols and the antioxidant activity. A significant reduction in the chlorophyll content of the lettuce leaves and the antioxidant activity of the onion leaves was observed when the plants were irrigated with the effluent containing zinc at a concentration of 78 mg/L. No non-carcinogenic health risk from the intake of chromium and zinc was identified through the consumption of lettuce and green onion, primarily due to the fact that a smaller proportion of the total metal content was transferred to their edible parts.
Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Camellia fascicularis: Antioxidative Antibacterial Activities and Anti-Inflammatory Hypoglycemic Molecular Docking
Authors: Tang Jiandong , Li Jingjing , Wu Boxiao , Li Ruonan , Tang Junrong , Kan Huan , Zhao Ping , Zhang Yingjun , Wang Weihua , Liu Yun
Published: October 2024

Camellia fascicularis is a valuable ornamental, edible, and medicinal plant with promising prospects for bioactivity development. We screened the bioactivity of eight fractions (Fr. A−I) obtained from the ethyl acetate phase of C. fascicularis via silica gel column chromatography. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial active components were mainly found in Fr. B*, E, A, and H; Fr. A–G; and Fr. D–I, respectively. Bioactivity-guided isolation identified 18 secondary metabolites. Compounds 1, 3–5, 7, and 15–18 were isolated from the genus Camellia for the first time in this study, whereas the other compounds were also isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1, 9−11, 28, 30, and 31 demonstrated antioxidative activities comparable to those of ascorbic acid, whereas the remaining compounds exhibited diminished antioxidative activity. In terms of antimicrobial activity, compounds 7, 18, 22, and 27 exerted inhibitory potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, similar to tetracycline (MIC: 125 µg/mL). Other compounds showed moderate to weak inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (MIC: 250–500 µg/mL). Molecular docking revealed that compounds 2, 36, 41, and 65 showed strong binding affinity for 8ET0, whereas compounds 2, 36, 38, 40, 63, and 65 showed strong binding affinity for 3A4A. This research further increased the diversity of the secondary metabolites of C. fascicularis, laying a foundation for the subsequent development and utilization of this species.
Enhancing the Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Bee Pollen: A Comprehensive Review of Processing Techniques
Authors: Alcalá-Orozco María , Lobo-Farfan Isabella , Tirado Diego F. , Mantilla-Escalante Diana C.
Published: October 2024

Bee pollen is recognized as a superfood due to its high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, its bioavailability is restricted by a degradation-resistant outer layer known as exine. Physical and biotechnological techniques have recently been developed to degrade this layer and improve pollen’s nutritional and functional profile. This review examines how processing methods such as fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound, and drying affect pollen’s chemical profile, nutrient content, and bioactive compounds. The review also considers changes in exine structure and possible synergistic effects between these methods. In addition, the challenges associated with the commercialization of processed bee pollen are examined, including issues such as product standardization, stability during storage, and market acceptance. The objective was to provide an understanding of the efficacy of these techniques, their physicochemical conditions, and their effect on the nutritional value of the pollen. The work also analyzes whether pollen transformation is necessary to maximize its benefits and offers conclusions based on the analysis of available methods, helping to determine whether pollen transformation is a valid strategy for inclusion in functional foods and its impact on consumer health. Although the literature reports that pollen transformation influences its final quality, further studies are needed to demonstrate the need for pollen exine modification, which could lead to greater market availability of pollen-based products with functional properties.
Responsive Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Platform for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Yin Bin , Xu Jianda , Lu Jingqi , Ou Changjin , Zhang Kai , Gao Fan , Zhang Yizhou
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder and is a major cause of disability among the elderly population. The degeneration and damage of articular cartilage associated with OA can result in a diminished range of motion in joints, subsequently impacting fundamental activities such as ambulation, standing, and grasping objects. In severe cases, it may culminate in disability. Traditional pharmacological treatments are often accompanied by various side effects, while invasive surgical procedures increase the risk of infection and thrombosis. Consequently, identifying alternative new methods for OA treatment remains a formidable challenge. With advancements in responsive hydrogel drug delivery platforms, an increasing number of strategies have emerged to enhance OA treatment protocols. Injectable response hydrogel drug delivery platforms show many advantages in treating OA, including improved biocompatibility, prolonged drug release duration, elevated drug loading capacity and enhanced sensitivity. This article reviews the recent progress of injectable responsive hydrogel drug delivery platform for OA treatment over the past few years. These innovative methodologies present new strategies and directions for future OA treatment while summarizing a series of challenges faced during the clinical transformation of injectable response hydrogel drug delivery platforms. Overall, injectable responsive hydrogel drug delivery platforms show great potential in treating OA, especially regarding improving drug retention time and stimulus-responsive release at the lesion sites. These innovative methods provide new hope for future OA treatment and point the way for clinical applications.
Mineralogical and Maturation Considerations of the Coqueiros Formation (Campos Basin, Brazil): Insights from Multi-Technique Analyses of Source Rocks
Authors: Barberes Gabriel A. , Marques Flávia C. , Almeida Dalva A. L. , Peixoto Linus Pauling F. , Maia Lenize F. , Sant’Ana Antonio Carlos , Andrade Gustavo F. S. , Izumi Celly M. S. , Salgado-Campos Victor , Feital Thiago , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. , Albuquerque Ana Luiza
Published: October 2024

The Coqueiros Formation, a strategic stratigraphic unit within the Lagoa Feia Group (LFG) in the Campos Basin offshore Brazil, is known for its lacustrine carbonate deposits, which include both organic-rich shales and economically important “coquina” reservoirs. While coquina facies are widely recognized as reservoirs, the source-rock potential of the intercalated shales remains relatively underexplored. This study aims to characterize the mineralogy and thermal maturity of the Coqueiros Formation to assess its potential as a source rock, using a multi-technique approach integrating X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy analyses of shale samples from two wells: 3-BP-11-RJS and 6-DEV-18P-RJS. XRD analyses revealed a heterogeneous mineralogy dominated by carbonates (calcite and dolomite) and quartz, with significant contributions from clay minerals and trace minerals such as pyrite and barite. SEM imaging revealed a heterogeneous fabric with grain size, morphology, and porosity variations, reflecting a dynamic lacustrine depositional setting influenced by storm events and fluctuations in terrigenous input. The presence of authigenic minerals, as reported in other studies, such as saddle dolomite, mega-quartz, and various sulfides, provides evidence for hydrothermal alteration, likely related to Late Cretaceous magmatic activity in the Campos Basin. Raman spectroscopy yielded equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) values consistently exceeding 1.00, ranging from 1.03 to 1.40, indicating that the organic matter in the Coqueiros Formation shales has attained a high thermal maturity level, surpassing the oil window and reaching the condensate wet gas zone. The mineralogical and equivalent maturation data presented herein provide a valuable foundation for future studies, highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of the Coqueiros Formation and its potential significance as a source rock within the Campos Basin petroleum system.
Enhancing Motor Performance and Physical Fitness in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder Through Fundamental Motor Skills Exercise
Authors: Lee Kyujin
Published: October 2024

Background: A lack of evidence exists regarding the effects intervention has on the motor performance, including the timing ability and health-related physical fitness, of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of school-based intervention that improves fundamental motor skills (FMS) on the motor performance and health-related physical fitness of children with DCD. Methods: The participants were 55 children (age 8–9 years) with DCD. Children with DCD were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 27) or control group (n = 28). The intervention group participated in FMS training. The control group participated in a conventional physical education class. Motor performance was evaluated before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development, second edition; Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition; and the Interactive Metronome. Health-related physical fitness was assessed using the physical activity promotion system. Results: A significant difference was observed when we considered the interaction effect of the intervention and time regarding motor performance and health-related physical fitness; however, no significant difference was observed regarding body composition. Conclusions: the intervention showed significant improvements in the parameters evaluated, suggesting that a school-based intervention to improve FMS may effectively improve the motor performance and health-related physical fitness of children with DCD.
Transitional Care Program in Reducing Acute Hospital Utilization in Singapore
Authors: Ong Chong Yau , Ng Jun Jie Angus , Ng Kar Kwan Sandra Joanne , Tay Pei Yoke , Lee Mui Hua Jean
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: The evidence to support transitional care in reducing acute hospital utilization is variable. Despite changes in the healthcare landscape with a rapidly aging population, there is a lack of local and regional studies to evaluate the effectiveness of transitional home care programs. This study investigates whether a transitional home care program delivered by an acute tertiary hospital can reduce acute hospital utilization. (2) Methods: A pre-post design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. A total of 2004 enrolments from 1679 unique patients that fulfilled the criteria of enrolment were included. The transitional care program is delivered through telephone follow-up and home visits. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to assess the differences between the three periods of baseline, enrolment, and post-enrolment. (3) Results: All 2004 enrolments were analyzed. The re-attendances at the emergency department reduced significantly by 31.2% and 71.9% during enrolment and post-enrolment (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, patients had a 38.7% and 76.2% reduction in hospital admissions during enrolment and post-enrolment (p < 0.001), respectively. For patients who were admitted, there was no significant difference in the length of stay between these groups (p = 0.23). (4) Conclusions: The transitional home care program can effectively reduce emergency department re-attendances and inpatient admissions. Not only was the total number of emergency department re-attendances reduced significantly, but the number of frequent re-attendances also dropped significantly. The outcomes were consistent during COVID-19 and post-pandemic phases. These findings can be used as a guide in program planning and future scalability.
Additional Advantages for Agronomic Performance and Fruit Quality in Tomato Hybrids of the Saladette Type Derived from a Dwarf Male Parent
Authors: Pereira Lucas Medeiros , Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas , Siquieroli Ana Carolina Silva , Ribeiro Ana Luisa Alves , Pinto Frederico Garcia , Ikehara Brena Rodrigues Mota , Luz José Magno Queiroz , Yada Rickey Yoshio , de Oliveira Camila Soares
Published: October 2024

Tomatoes have tremendous economic, social, and nutritional importance. Among the various types of tomatoes, the Saladette/Italian stands out as an important cultivar for both fresh consumption and industrial processing. The production of this vegetable requires investments exceeding USD 30,000.00. Strategies that increase productivity to offset these costs are fundamental. One proposal to increase yield potential in tomato is the production of new hybrids using dwarf male parents as donors through an organized backcross breeding scheme. The present study, therefore, evaluated possible improvements in the agronomic performance and fruit quality of Saladette hybrids obtained from crosses between normal and dwarf inbred lines. Seventeen tomato hybrids obtained from three backcrosses (BC1, BC2, and BC3) and two commercial cultivars as a control (cv. Bento and Vivacy) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the Scott–Knott test, and artificial neural networks were used to study the dissimilarities among the hybrids. The hybrids obtained from the dwarf male parent exhibited morphological changes in the plants, including a reduction in internodes, a greater number of bunches per linear meter of plant, and biofortification of the fruits. Notably, from the second backcross onwards, increases in fruit productivity and quality were observed when creating hybrid combinations from dwarf male parents.