bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational Techniques for Memorising Foreign Language Vocabulary in the System of University Students’ Specialised Training: Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Kiryushina Olga Victorovna
Published: February 2022

The study aims to identify ways to improve the quality of foreign language vocabulary acquisition by students of the “Foreign Language” training programme specialisation. The paper examines the peculiarities of teaching the lexical aspect of a foreign language, focuses, on the one hand, on the objective difficulties of learning new lexical units, on the other hand, on the importance of forming a sufficient active vocabulary in students. The researcher notes that students poorly memorise new foreign language vocabulary, sheds light on some reasons for this phenomenon, using statistical data of the study. One of the main reasons is the insufficient use of rational techniques for teaching foreign language vocabulary in the learning process. Further, the paper analyses a number of rational techniques for memorising foreign words, provides data on the extent to which these techniques are used by students, offers methodological recommendations for improving the quality of foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Scientific novelty of the study lies in an attempt to consider in a full and comprehensive manner the issue of memorising foreign language lexical units from the perspective of involuntary memorisation and avoiding traditional mechanical memorisation. As a result of the study, a number of rational techniques for memorising foreign language vocabulary that can help foreign language learners convert lexical units to memorise into long-term memory more effectively and quickly have been identified. Given that students of the “Foreign Language” training programme specialisation mostly memorise vocabulary mechanically and the potential of rational techniques for memorising foreign language vocabulary is not used enough in the educational process of foreign language teaching, which is confirmed by the data of the study, the paper provides some methodological recommendations for a more effective organisation of the process of foreign language vocabulary acquisition.
Compensatory Competence Development When Teaching English-Speaking Skills to General Secondary School Students
Authors: Korzun Oksana Olegovna , Shtanko Elena Victorovna
Published: February 2022

The research aims to provide insight into the phenomenon of compensatory competence. The paper considers the requirements for compensatory competence formation in students at each level of foreign language proficiency. Scientific novelty of the research lies in specifying compensatory skills: the paraphrasing skill and the skill of using word building patterns. The research findings are as follows: the notion of “compensatory competence” has been interpreted; the requirements for compensatory competence formation in students at each level of foreign language proficiency have been presented; the skills of paraphrasing and using word building patterns have been clarified; it has been found that the skills of paraphrasing and using word building patterns determine compensatory competence acquisition at each level of foreign language proficiency.
Professional Component of the Content of Architecture Students’ Foreign Language Training
Authors: Tarabarina Yulia Alekseevna
Published: February 2022

The study aims to identify the speech skills and speech genres that make up the professional component of the content of architecture students’ foreign language training, taking into account the analysis of the requirements outlined in the professional standard “The Architect”. The paper considers an integrative cross-cultural professionally oriented approach and content and language integrated learning as fundamental approaches to teaching a professional foreign language and selecting teaching content, which include the following components of the content of foreign language education: professional, foreign-language communicative, cross-cultural. The researcher identifies the principles for the selection of the content of professional foreign language training, i.e. correspondence to the education programme specialisation and to the requirements of the labour market, the genre principle of selecting authentic texts as educational material, the topical nature of educational tasks, cooperation of teachers of foreign languages and vocation-related subjects when selecting teaching content. By analysing the professional standard, the paper identifies job functions of an architect, which require the formation of UK-4 (a transferable skill) among university graduates, and the corresponding speech skills, the main speech genres that are a part of architectural institutional discourse. Scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the professional component of architecture students’ foreign language training. As a result, speech skills and speech genres the acquisition of which will allow students to generate written and oral institutional architectural discourse have been identified.
Animated Pedagogy in Primary School: Ways to Meet Modern Educational Objectives
Authors: Dzhafarova Oksana Sergeevna
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to identify the objectives of primary school and to reveal the potential of animated pedagogy to meet them based on the analysis of modern social problems. The article identifies the main modern problems: rapidity of events change, large amount of information, communication problems, absence of a life plan among the young generation. All the above mentioned problems can be solved by using the means of animated pedagogy. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it analyzes the potential of animated pedagogy and identifies the main ways to use this potential to meet the modern educational objectives of primary school. As a result, it has been proved that animated pedagogy has a great potential to meet the educational objectives of the modern primary school.
Using Multimodal Texts When Training Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Sibgatullina Alfiya Ashrafullovna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyse how multimodal texts can be used when training a future foreign language teacher. The paper identifies the distinctive features of a multimodal text, reveals the essence of one of the classifications of multimodal texts, states the advantages of using this type of text in foreign language lessons. Scientific novelty of the study lies in substantiating the need to teach future foreign language teachers how to work with multimodal texts. As a result, the researcher has developed an algorithm for working with multimodal texts, as well as a multimodal text in German according to the school curriculum and tasks that show the particularities of working with texts of this type.
GEOGRAPHY OF NEOLIBERALISM AND SPATIAL FIX
Authors: Mutabdzija Goran
Published: February 2022

This paper emphasizes the
consequences of economic inequality, the roots of which lie at the heart of
capitalism. It was explained by Marx (1867), and a modern interpretation was
offered by Harvey (1982, 1985, 1987, 2013b) through the term spatial fix, which
connects the development of capitalism and urbanization. In this global
process, inequalities arise that can be illustrated numerically: the net worth
of the world's 358 wealthiest people in 1996 was equal to the total income of
the poorest, which makes up 45% of the world's population or 2.3 billion
people. This fact of economic inequality, most convincingly written about by
Piketty (2016) and Chancel (2020), became even more critical during the
Covid-19 pandemic. The gap between the richest and the poorest widened. The
period in which several significant changes in global economic policy took
place was called neoliberalism (Harvey, 1989, 2013a; Dušanić, 2016) and led to
the establishment of a new economic system that significantly determined the
further directions of geography. Understanding these processes implies an
interactive approach to their study because the capital/labor relationship
defines the global framework for developing urbanization and demography, and
thus geography
(Mutabdžija, 2020, 2021).
Sociodemographic and workplace determinants of Quality of life (Qol) among quarry workers in Nigeria: A Cross sectional study.
Authors: Stanley Njaka
Published: February 2022

The manuscript presents an original research study on quality of life determinants among neglected population of workers in quarry industry
Origin and kinematics of a basin-scale, non-polygonal, layer-bound normal fault system in the Levant Basin, eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Joffe Amir , Jackson Christopher , Steinberg Josh , Bell Rebecca , Makovsky Yizhaq
Published: February 2022

Polygonal, layer-bound normal faults can extend over very large areas (>2,000,000 km2) of sedimentary basins. Best developed in very fine-grained rocks, these faults are thought to form during early burial in response to a range of diagenetic processes, including compaction and water expulsion. Local deviations from this idealised polygonal pattern are common; however, basin-scale, layer-bound faults with non-polygonal map-view are not well-documented and accordingly, their genesis is not well-understood. In this study we use 3D seismic reflection data, biostratigraphy, and well-logs from the Southern Levant Basin, offshore Israel, to develop an age-constrained seismic-stratigraphic framework and determine the geometry and kinematics of such basin-scale fault system. The faults tip-out downwards along an Eocene Unconformity, but unlike layer-bound faults in the Northern Levant Basin, they do not reach the base of the Messinian evaporites, instead tipping-out upwards at the top Langhian. On average, the faults in the Southern Levant Basin are 6.3 km long, have an average throw of 120 m, and consistently strike NW-SE. Throw-depth plots, accompanied by thickness changes, indicate the faults nucleated as syn-depositional faults in a mudstone-dominated unit, and are spatially and kinematically associated with a WSW-ESE-striking strike-slip fault. Unlike true polygonal faults, these faults propagated through ~2 km-thick sandstone-dominated Oligocene-Miocene strata. Whereas previous studies from the Northern Levant Basin associate fault nucleation and growth with burial-related diagenesis, the sandstone-dominated character of the Oligocene-Miocene suggests that this process cannot be readily applied to the Southern Levant Basin. Instead, we highlight potential tectonic events that occurred during and may have triggered thin-skinned extension at times of fault growth. Layer-bound normal faults therefore should be considered in the geodynamic and structural context of the basin in which they formed.
Is the School Context associated with Instructional Quality? The Effects of School Composition, Principals, Teacher Collaboration, and School Climate
Authors: Holzberger Doris , Schiepe-Tiska Anja
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the school context to creating a successful learning environment and promoting teachers’ instructional quality is not yet clear. In the current study, we examine whether schools differ in instructional quality (i.e., classroom management and task feedback) and whether differences between schools can be explained by school characteristics (i.e., students’ school composition, school’s academic track, principals’ leadership, teacher collaboration, and school climate). Therefore, we model instructional quality both at teacher and school level and include multiple perspectives on the school context. German PISA 2003 data were re-analyzed, resulting in data from 1,939 teachers and their principals in 198 schools. Multi-level analyses revealed that schools differ systematically in their instructional quality. These differences were related to school composition, principals’ leadership, teacher collaboration, and school climate. Accordingly, schools have the potential to promote instructional quality. However, teachers’ perceptions of school characteristics are more relevant than those of the principals.
Human Factors in Forensic Science: Psychological Causes of Bias and Error
Authors: Kukucka Jeff , Dror Itiel
Published: February 2022

Forensic science evidence has long been accepted in court and is widely considered infallible. However, the forensic sciences have recently come under intense scrutiny, as forensic science errors have been implicated in an alarming number of wrongful convictions. In working to better understand and prevent such errors, researchers have discovered that they are often an unfortunate byproduct of innate psychological processes. In this chapter, we first review evidence that forensic science examiners, like all humans, are vulnerable to unconscious biases that can lead to erroneous judgments. Second, we identify barriers to mitigating the pernicious effects of bias in forensic laboratories and courtrooms, including widespread misconceptions about its causes and effects. Third, we discuss proposed reforms to strengthen forensic science, and we describe some progress that has already been made in that regard.
Ready to Teach? A Profile Analysis of Cognitive and Motivational-Affective Teacher Characteristics at the End of Pre-service Teacher Education and the Long-term Effects on Occupational Well-being
Authors: Holzberger Doris , Kunina-Habenicht Olga , Kunter Mareike
Published: February 2022

The present study explores how multiple teacher characteristics (i.e., knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and self-regulation) co-occur within 649 German teacher candidates at the end of pre-service teacher education and how these profiles are related to teachers’ future occupational well-being. A latent profile analysis identified one highly knowledgeable and engaged profile, one profile with below average knowledge, and one profile with below average beliefs, motivation, and self-regulation. These profiles also differed in their emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The findings emphasize how teacher candidates differ qualitatively in their pattern of “starting competence” what may have consequences with regard to specific interventions.
The Severity-Calibrated Aphasia Naming Test
Authors: Walker Grant M. , Fridriksson Julius , Hillis Argye , Ouden Dirk den , Bonilha Leonardo , Hickok Gregory
Published: February 2022

We present a 20-item naming test, the Severity-Calibrated Aphasia Naming Test (SCANT), that can serve as a proxy measure for an aphasia severity scale that is derived from a thorough test battery of connected speech production, single word production, speech repetition, and auditory verbal comprehension. We use feature selection techniques from machine learning to identify an optimal set of pictured items from a set of 174 pictures to be named for prediction of aphasia severity, based on data from 200 quasi-randomly selected participants with left-hemisphere stroke. We demonstrate the superiority of predictions based on the SCANT over those based on the full set of naming items. We estimate a 15% reduction in power when using the SCANT score versus the full test battery’s aphasia severity score as an outcome measure; for example, in order to maintain the same power to detect a significant average change in aphasia severity, a study with 25 participants using the full test battery to measure treatment effectiveness would require 30 participants if the SCANT were to be used as the testing instrument instead. The SCANT has extremely high inter-rater reliability, and it is sensitive and specific to the presence of aphasia. We provide a linear model to convert SCANT scores to aphasia severity scores, and we identify a change score cutoff of four SCANT items based on test-retest SCANT data and the modeled relation between SCANT and aphasia severity scores.
A KR20 and KR21 for Likert Scale Data
Authors: Foster Robert
Published: February 2022

The traditional KR20 and KR21 estimates of reliability are well known for dichomotous data. This paper derives forms of KR20 and KR21 for polytomous data, which can be applied to Likert scales. This is accomplished by deriving the theoretical population reliability for polytomous data which follows the multinomial-Dirichlet model, where responses to each item are multinomial and response category probabilities for each individual follow a Dirichlet distribution. The KR20 and KR21 formulas for polytomous data are constructed as consistent estimators of reliability for this model, and are given in Equations (10) and (11). It is shown that the KR20 for Likert scale data is a linear transformation of Cronbach's alpha. In the process, a method for simulation of unidimensional Likert scale with a known population reliability is developed using the multinomial-Dirichlet model. Using the simulation method, a study compares the KR20 estimator of reliability to several estimators of coefficient omega and shows the relative strengths of KR20 as compared to omega: it performs nearly as well for large sample sizes and population reliabilities and is more numerically stable than the estimators based on a factor analysis for small sample sizes and population reliabilities. Furthermore, overfitting a factor analysis model can have serious negatively effects on the performance of reliability estimators based on the model. Lastly, future theoretical development for reliability in multivariate exponential family data are proposed.
Positive and negative risk-taking in adolescence and early adulthood: A citizen science study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brinke Lysanne te , van der Cruijsen Renske , Green Kayla , Crone Eveline
Published: February 2022

Sensation seeking is an important underlying factor of both positive and negative forms of risk-taking during adolescence and early adulthood. However, macro-factors such as the global Covid-19 pandemic may influence sensation seeking opportunities and risk-taking behaviors that are considered negative and positive. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between sensation seeking and behaviors that are considered positive or negative forms of risk-taking during the Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents and early adults (N = 660, Mage = 22.91, SD = 3.14). Using citizen science methods, negative risk-taking was defined as taking unaccepted risks, such as falsifying vaccination reports or deliberately contracting Covid-19. Positive risk-taking was defined as taking socially accepted risks, such as balancing between the risk to infect elderly people and the need to socialize with peers. Results showed that participants with higher levels of sensation seeking took more positive and negative Covid-19 related risks. An additional finding was that sensation seeking was positively associated with the experienced need to contribute to society. This indicates that during adolescence and early adulthood, sensation seeking may be a driving factor for both positive (i.e., socially accepted) and negative (i.e., socially unaccepted) risk-taking in the context of a high-stake global pandemic, arguing against a one-direction negative relation between sensation seeking and risk-taking.
A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between School Characteristics and Student Outcomes in Science and Math - Evidence from Large-Scale Studies
Authors: Holzberger Doris , Reinhold Sarah , Lüdtke Oliver , Seidel Tina
Published: February 2022

In the present meta-analysis, we examine how secondary school characteristics—such as schools’ academic press, school climate, material resources, personnel resources, classroom climate, instructional practices, out-of-school activities, and socioeconomic status (SES) composition —provide opportunities for students to engage in science and math, and how these matter with regard to students’ cognitive and motivational-affective outcomes. The meta-analysis includes 71 (international) articles from large-scale studies with a total of 3,960,281 students, 260,390 schools, and 285 effect sizes that were transformed to correlation coefficients. Multilevel meta-analyses were performed. Results identified a number of school variables that can be regarded as relevant for making a difference in student outcomes and at the same time be influenced by education. These refer to school variables such schools’ academic press, classroom climate, instructional practices, and out-of-school activities. Moreover, SES composition was significantly related to student outcomes. Material and personnel resources as well as school climate yielded a close to zero effect. No differences were found between cognitive and motivational-affective outcome variables or between science and math. The results point to the most promising school characteristics for promoting students’ outcomes and emphasise schools’ potential for students’ engagement in science and math.
Green Central Banking
Authors: Dietsch Peter , Fontan Clément , Dion Jérémie , Claveau François
Published: February 2022

This chapter argues that central banks find themselves between a rock and a hard place when it comes to green central banking. Either they endorse the project, exposing them to the charge that they lack the input legitimacy to do so, or they eschew taking into account climate concerns, thus undermining their output legitimacy. Our discourse analysis of central bankers’s speeches shows that disagreements among officials from the same institution regarding green central banking are grounded on issues outside their core expertise. Furthermore, neither the conservative nor the progressive central bankers defend positions that have the potential to overcome the legitimacy dilemma we formulate.
Nepal’s Gender Policies: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Rana Bandana , Koirala Samiksha
Published: February 2022

Nepal has experienced extraordinary political and social changes in the last 25 years. Since the Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, progress has been noted in increasing women’s access to literacy, education, and healthcare services. Despite significant gender reforms in policies and strategies, Nepali women continue to experience discrimination and violence mainly because of their gender. Drawing upon six different cases – constitutional and international framework, participation of women, women peace and security, sexual and reproductive health rights, gender-responsive budget and citizenship law – this paper highlights some of the achievements and gaps in the area of gender reform policies and practices. Methodologically, the study adopts document review and personal reflections of authors as the main source of information. The paper concludes with some key recommendations to address existing challenges and gaps of these selected policies/strategies.
Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Use Efficiencies and Yield of Wheat at Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Prabin , Acharya Ashok , Devkota Chakra , Gairhe Janma Jaya
Published: February 2022

Improper nitrogen management and declining soil fertility are major constraints of wheat production in Nepal. Limited information is available on optimum nitrogen levels and use efficiencies. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on November 2018 at the Inner Terai to determine the effect of nitrogen on yield and improve the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. Levels of five nitrogen, 0 kg ha-1 (Control), 60 kg ha-1,80 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1, were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Observations on growth parameters such as plant height (cm), tiller m-2 and yield attributing characteristics such as thousand grain weight (g), spike length (cm), and grain spike-1, were found to be highest at a nitrogen level of 120 kg ha-1. Nitrogen at 120 kg ha-1 increases the grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. The grain nitrogen concentration at 120 kg ha-1 was statistically similar to that at 100 kg ha-1 and 80 kg ha-1 while nitrogen uptake was highest (114. 833 kg ha-1) at 120 kg ha-1 and lowest in control. Agronomic use efficiency is highest at 100 kg ha-1 and lowest at 60 kg ha-1. The apparent fertilizer N 96 recovery percentage was high (49.62%) at 120 kg ha-1, which is statistically similar to 100 kg ha-1 (46.97%) and lowest (31.76%) at 60 kg ha-1. However, observing agro physiological efficiency and the nitrogen harvest index did not show any significant difference among treatments. The application of nitrogen at 120 kg ha-1 was required to produce the preferable yield and the nitrogen use efficiency traits.
Building Social Resilience and Inclusion in Disasters: A Survey of Vulnerable Persons' Social Media Use
Authors: Cooper Vanessa , Hayes Peter , Karanasios Stan
Published: February 2022

Social media (SM) is increasingly used to reach out to populations for preparedness and response to disasters. Given the disproportionate impacts of disasters on vulnerable populations (e.g., older persons, persons socially/geographically isolated, persons living with disabilities, persons of low socio-economic means) in this study we focus specifically on the attitudes, needs and future plans of vulnerable persons towards accessing and sharing information via SM during extreme weather events. Advancing understanding in this area is important as there is growing evidence that people who may be described as more vulnerable may have different communication needs and less access to disaster related information and technologies. We present the results of a survey of 215 vulnerable persons in Victoria, Australia. Rather than consider vulnerable persons as a homogenous group, we examine how persons with different vulnerabilities perceive SM for accessing and sharing information in the context of disasters and report findings which challenge prevalent assumptions about vulnerable persons and SM. Overall we find that vulnerable persons are not passive recipients of support during disasters but have self-awareness, a strong desire to receive information and the capacity to usefully contribute to the provision of reliable information via SM. With a view to improving outcomes for vulnerable persons in disasters we offer an agenda for future research.
Using Process Stories to Foster Process Flexibility: The Experts’ Viewpoint
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Thuan , Ai-Phuong Hoang , Nkhoma Mathews , Antunes Pedro
Published: February 2022

Process flexibility is essential for organizations coping with uncertainty, emergence, and change. In this study, we research how process stories may lessen friction in realizing flexible processes. We use friction as a metaphor, which characterizes the realization of flexible processes as handling two opposing forces: one pushes towards flexibility while the other pulls against flexibility. Using in-depth interviews with BPM experts as a data-gathering technique, we provide insights into the dynamics of friction in the BPM lifecycle. We also provide empirical evidence about the capability of process stories to lessen friction in realizing flexible processes. This research contributes to understand the context where process stories may be most fit to realize process flexibility and adds knowledge about practical complaints experienced by BPM experts when realizing process flexibility.
Le destin contrarié de l’urbanisme de Jean-Claude La Haye
Authors: Mercure-Jolette Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Cet article analyse le parcours d’entrepreneur politique de Jean-Claude La Haye et le discours qu’il a mobilisé pour justifier la fondation d’institutions d’urbanisme au Québec dans les années 1960. Prenant à rebours le diagnostic selon lequel La Haye aurait été motivé par une conception technocratique de l’aménagement du territoire, nous montrons que son argumentaire met de l’avant l’insuffisance du savoir technique et la nécessité d’en dépasser les limites dans une mise en commun synthétique opérée par l’urbanisme. Plutôt que de procéder à une simplification technique des problèmes d’aménagement du territoire induits par l’industrialisation et la croissance démographique, La Haye s’appuie sur leur complexité et leur interdépendance afin de justifier la mise en place d’une nouvelle forme d’expertise multidisciplinaire et généraliste qui permettrait d’embrasser une vue surplombante et prévoyante. Après avoir brièvement présenté la formation de Jean-Claude La Haye, nous analysons, d’abord, la manière dont il argumente en faveur de la création de l’Institut d’urbanisme de l’Université de Montréal et de la Corporation des urbanistes du Québec, puis la façon dont il justifie la mise en place d’un modèle institutionnel fortement hiérarchique dans le rapport de la Commission provinciale d’urbanisme. Nous terminons en analysant les déceptions qu’il a vécues. Nous soutenons qu’en concevant l’urbaniste comme un professionnel généraliste et innovateur sans acte réservé, La Haye a facilité la transformation des institutions qu’il a mises en place et a eu, somme toute, assez peu de contrôle sur leur destin.
Behind Strong Palings: Producing Knowledge in the Modern City at Montreal’s Emigrant Sheds, 1832–1852
Authors: Horner Dan
Published: February 2022

Established during the cholera epidemic of 1832, Montreal’s emigrant sheds sat on the city’s western fringe and played a vital role in urban governance in British North America for the next twenty years. The site served as a place where migrants could be segregated from the general public until they were deemed to be sufficiently healthy to continue with the process of settlement. Public officials employed at and around the sheds and observers who visited the facility thus used the emigrant sheds as a place to consider strategies of classification and containment. The production of knowledge was central to the work that went on there. This article uses government reports, emigrant handbooks, newspapers, and private correspondence to delve into the workings of the emigrant sheds and to place them in the broader context of the politics of public health and the establishment of carceral institutions. It situates these processes at the centre of the project of settler colonialism in British North America.
Vulnerable homes on the move
Authors: Bonfanti Sara , Chen Shuhua , Massa Aurora
Published: February 2022

In a world of rampant inequality, when millions seek out better futures elsewhere, this introduction situates critical experiences of dwelling within recent debates on home and migration. Seeing vulnerability as an active condition, this theme section records the attempts of individuals and groups on the move in fashioning a home despite adverse socio-cultural, economical, and political situations. Our argumentation considers: the imbrication of structural forces and existential power, the complexity of temporal registers across the life course, and the human capacity for home-making. As asylum-seekers, evicted refugees and deprived migrant families struggle to feel at home in precarious circumstances, our ethnographies reveal the violence inflicted by social systems but also the agency of subjects who strive to make the places they inhabit everyday worth living.
Oil and Gas Sector of Indonesia (Part 1.)
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Popov Aleksandr
Published: February 2022

The article analyses the current situation in the oil and gas sector of Indonesia that used to be a big oil exporting country and a member of OPEC but some years ago became a net-importer of oil. The demand of the growing Indonesian economy for oil much exceeds the capacities of its oil industry and each year Indonesia has to spend great amounts of money for importing oil and oil products. The government is trying to take all possible measures to attract new investments in this field but the lifting of oil continues to drop first of all due to the absence of proper investments into the exploration for oil and gas. The situation with the gas lifting is much better but a large part of its reserves first of all situated in the South China Sea can not used properly due to a high content of carbon dioxide in it. Besides, in this area Indonesian companies carrying out the exploration for oil and gas faces a military presence of China that regards it as its own territory.
Aspects of Conflict between the R. Duterte Administration and the Catholic Church in the Philippines
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Panarina Daria
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the complex conflict relations that have developed between the President of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte and Catholic priests and hierarchs in the Philippines. The author raises the question of how, over the course of 5 years of his reign, the current president of the country continued to successfully and without significant damage to his image in the eyes of the people oppose the Philippine Catholic Church. In search of an answer, the author examines the factors that work in favor of R. Duterte, and, at the same time, against the Church and its activists.
Brunei-Chinese Relations in the 21st Century
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University (SPBU), Travkin Pavel , Marutina Elizaveta ,   Saint-Petersburg State University (SPBU)
Published: February 2022

In the 21st century China is intensively penetrating the region. Beijing promotes its geopolitical agenda in the region through various methods – military, political, and economic methods. In the region, in addition to large states such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, there are also small states like Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor. They are also greatly influenced by China, but they cannot resist China to the same extent as their larger neighbors do. Therefore, these countries are trying to seek mutual benefit in cooperation with China. If Singapore successfully builds its mutual cooperation with Beijing, while East Timor has long been a puppet of PRC. This article aims to analyze Brunei-China relations and answer the question: "Is Brunei a partner for the Celestial Empire or a new conductor of China's interests in the region."
Formation of the Principles of the Socio-Economic Policy in Australia
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Mosolova Olga
Published: February 2022

The modern system of socio-economic management in Australia formatted after the World War II. At present the country has a high-quality management system. Australia achieved the high level in development of the market system relations, created open and flexible economy.
Governor Lachlan Macquarie – Builder of British Australia
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), Skorobogatykh Natalya
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the activities of one of the most prominent administrators in the history of Australia during the colonial period – Lachlan Macquarie. He not only managed to establish the firm order in the territories entrusted to him and significantly expand the zone of British settlements in the southeast of the continent, but also laid the foundations for the introduction the system of self-government here.
The 1963 Buddhist Crisis in South Vietnam: course of events and its nature. Part I. Three paths - one state: Buddhism, Confucianism and Catholicism in Vietnam by the 1960s
Authors:   Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University. Russia, Moscow, Syunnerberg Maxim
Published: February 2022

The Buddhist crisis of 1963 became one of the most important events in the Republic of Vietnam (1955–1975), as well as in the history of Vietnamese Buddhism in the 20th century. The close interweaving of the political, religious and ideological components of the crisis, the difficulty of reliably assessing the motivations of all parties involved in it, the presence of a number of external and internal factors predetermined different views of the essence and nature of this conflict, not allowing them to be given an unambiguous interpretation. The publication, which will consist of several parts, reproduces the main event outline of the crisis, identifies the role of key participants and demonstrates possible options for revealing the nature of this phenomenon. In the first part of the article, the author gives a brief description of the existing approaches to the Buddhist crisis. Special attention is paid to the religious and political processes of the first half of the 20th century, which predetermined the final clash.
Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics
Authors: Shirazi Sarina Zainab , Kemal Muhammad Usman , Shirazi Sabina
Published: February 2022

Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Pubertas
Authors: Hariyani Sulistyoningsih  , Sinta Fitriani, S.KM., M.K.M
Published: February 2022

Adolescents need accurate information about puberty, because adolescents who fail to go through the puberty phase may experience psychological disorders that have an impact on the next phase of life. This service activity is carried out to disseminate information on puberty by utilizing Instagram media. The specific purpose of this activity is to make adolescents understand the definition of puberty, when puberty occurs, changes that generally occur during puberty and the correct attitude in dealing with puberty. The method is the delivery of material directly through social media. Activities carried out in three stages, namely: planning, implementation and reflection. Planning includes material preparation and socialization of activities; implementation includes the delivery of information through live broadcasts using Instagram, starting with the presentation of the material, followed by answering questions. The last stage is reflection, namely analyzing the responses of the participants. Participants responded very well, as evidenced by a number of questions and statements of support that were delivered during the activity. Dissemination of information for adolescents as well as parents through online media needs to continue, especially during the period of limiting activities due to the pandemic.
The Data tes awal dan tes akhir
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Vianty Machdalena , Nisphi Medio Lailatin , Sari Dian Eka
Published: February 2022

Tes awal dan tes akhir serta tautan media pembelajaran yang didesain dan diproduksi peserta kegiatan. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bCRnkjdGQycMPtMKI9YzXmYJaYaFf8M4RqiKkJatRzU/edit?usp=sharing
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Karya Ilmiah melalui Workshop Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Guru SMA Negeri 1 Campalagian
Authors: Nurlina  , Mutmainna  , Lutfin Nursakinah Annisa , Mutiara Sabar  , Jenni Tasik Bintoen
Published: February 2022

Salah satu pengembangan diri guru adalah dengan membuat karya tulis ilmiah melalui pelaksanaan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan hasilnya dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ilmiah. Dari hasil evaluasi kegiatan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat sebelumnya dan setelah dilakukan observasi ke tempat mitra yaitu SMA Negeri 1 Campalagian, maka perlu diadakan workshop untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru dalam mempersiapkan PTK. Metode dalam kegiatan ini adalah melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan yang diintegrasikan ke dalam Workshop PTK. Metode ini dipilih untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada guru untuk mengalami setiap langkah dalam proses penyusunan proposal PTK. Kegiatan ini berhasil dilaksanakan pada 17-18 Juli 2021, dilanjutkan dengan penyusunan proposal PTK selama satu bulan. Melalui kegiatan ini, guru menilai bahwa mereka memiliki wawasan tentang kemungkinan ide PTK dan berencana untuk melakukan ptk. Sebagian besar guru juga merasa bahwa kegiatan ini dapat membantu mereka untuk meningkatkan kompetensi profesionalnya sebagai guru.
The situation of Kurdish political prisoners in Iraq from the period of Haras Qawmi 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963
Authors:   History Department, Faculty of Arts, Soran University, Rasul Rasul Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Abstract The situation of Kurdish prisoners in Iraqi prisoners from 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963 In the contemporary history of Iraq, the first period of Baa’th party’s era which very significant in the history of the country. After the coup of 8th February 1963, which Iraqi National Guard (Baa’si) obtained power. As a result, Abdul Karem Qasm the first President of the Iraqi Republic (1958-1963), many Iraqi people Kurds were not exempted and who were captured from different cities and rural areas in the whole Iraq, and they were taken to prisons like Arabs or other ethnic and religion groups and Kurdish soldiers (Peshmarga’s) captives from fronts particularly, from 09-06-1963 to 18-11-1963. Those prisoners were accused of being members of Iraqi Communist Party or Kurdistan Democratic Party which were considered as the opposition party of the government. Otherwise, they probably almost did not commit any crime against law and civilians. Therefore, it could be named them political prisoner in the mentioned period. While the Kurdish political prisoners were in Iraqi prisons. Particularly, after 9th Jun, 1963 till 18th November, they were brutally tortured by members of Iraqi militia “National Gourds”, who belonged to Baath’s party. Their brutal actions against Kurdish prisoners such as hitting, boxing, burning, withdrawing nails, and so on. These crimes are unforgettable in the contemporary history of Iraqi Kurdistan.
The effect of musical rhythm on learning some motor skills on the carpet of the ground movements of female students
Authors:   School of Physical Education, Koya University, Othman Dlkhwaz Hameed
Published: February 2022

summary Summary of the research: The research aims to prepare an educational program using musical rhythm to learn some kinetic skills on the floor mats of the students of the School of Sports Education at the University of Koya. Following the rhythm of music, he revealed the learning of some kinetic skills on the floor of the student school of sports education at the University of Koya. The researcher used the experimental approach using the experimental design of two groups, one experimental and one controlled by following the distance tribal measurement of each. The research sample consisted of 20 female students in the third stage of sports education, which were divided into two equal groups, one experimental and the other an control. They learned the skilful performance of the main movements by accompanying the music. While the group is an control, the researcher used questionnaires, tests and measures as means to collect information. Each program consists of (6) weeks and the duration of each unit (90) minutes, and used the researcher (arithmetic average, standard deviation, test (t) coefficient and coefficient correlation, rate of improvement and flatness factors and higher and lower quarters) as statistical means of processing data, and the researcher found that the teaching and skill training associated with musical rhythm had a positive effect in learning and improving the level of skill performance of terrestrial movements in gymnastics. Accompanying the musical rhythm of the performance gave better results in raising the performance on the skill performance of the carpet of ground movements
Economic courts as a mechanism to encourage investment and the need to develop them in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors:   Law Department, College of Law and International Relations, Lebanese French University-Erbil, Rasool Loqman Hassan , Mohammed Hawre Kamal
Published: February 2022

Abstract Commercial courts are one of the mechanisms developed to resolve trade and economic disputes. The idea began in countries to establish commercial and economic courts as a result of the nature of commercial cases and the speed they need to resolve lawsuits related to trade and investment, as well as the need for specialized courts and dedication to the principle of jurisdiction in the courts. It is clear to us that the presence of specialized commercial and economic courts will help to encourage investment in the country when investors trust that in the event of a dispute, there will be specialized judges who will resolve their dispute and as soon as possible based on the required experience which guarantees their rights. We find through this study, although there are deficiencies and shortcomings in the law of establishing economic courts in Egypt, but Egypt's experience is one of the modern experiences with regard to establishing commercial courts comparison with experience in Iraq, and the experience of Iraq is better comparison with the judicial experience in the Kurdistan Region so that it did not We find any courts specialized in commercial cases. In view of the importance of commercial and economic courts, this research attempted to clarify the importance of commercial courts and the relationship of trade and investment to the judiciary, as well as the jurisdiction of commercial and economic courts, and finally the need to create these courts and the possibility of their creation based on existing laws in the Kurdistan Region or amend them or legislate a new law in this regard.
Lack of social capital and its impact on urban development, City of Erbil (from 2003 onwards)
Authors:   University of Razi, Nia Farhad Dansh , Akbar Lashkr Ali
Published: February 2022

Abstract the study of various factors and variables affecting the development process and especially urban development has become inevitable. One of the most important and influential variables that is closely related to development and underdevelopment is social capital. paying attention to social capital and its impact on sustainable urban and economic development, both at the macro level (country) and at the micro level (cities) is of particular importance. The main purpose of this article is to study and explore the impact of social capital on urban development in the city of Erbil, the capital of the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government. The main question in this article is: What is the relationship between social capital and urban development in Erbil? The hypothesis that arises in response to the main question: The weakness of social capital indicators (trust, cohesion, participation and social awareness of citizens) in the Iraqi Kurdistan region has led to the instability of urban development in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. This research uses a survey method to test other sub-hypotheses.