bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila: a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population
Authors: Flaibani Nicolás , Ortiz Victoria Estefanía , Fanara Juan José , Carreira Valeria Paula
Published: September 2023

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors, from the search for sexual partners, food, or breeding sites. Many studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity, such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing–aspect ratio. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in Drosophila. This work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species: Drosophila buzzatii Patterson and Wheeler‐Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman, and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen‐Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, and to analyze its relationship with flight. We detected the highest proportion of flight time in D. koepferae and D. simulans compared to D. buzzatii and D. melanogaster, respectively. Our results also revealed sexual dimorphism, with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than females. Surprisingly, we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses (considering all groups together or each sex‐species combination separately). Moreover, these associations explained a low percentage of variation, suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight, such as physiological variables, should be taken into account. This work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight, suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.
Preparing municipal water system planning for a changing climate: Integrating climate‐sensitive demand estimates
Authors: Johnson Ryan C. , Burian Steven J. , Halgren James , Irons Trevor , Baur Emily , Aziz Danyal , Hassan Daniyal , Li Jiada , Kirkham Tracie , Stewart Jessie , Briefer Laura
Published: September 2023

Seasonality and a changing climate exert strong influences on supply and demand in the western United States, challenging municipal water system (MWS) management. Although supply and demand exhibit characteristics of nonstationarity, the commonly used econometric‐based models to estimate demands discount the influences of climate variability and trends in seasonal MWS vulnerability assessments. Given the projected impacts of climate change on water resources, we use the documented performance of a real‐world MWS with a calibrated systems model to investigate how demands modeled with and without the influences of climate impact system vulnerability indicators—determined by the exceedance of historical daily mean imported water—for MWS planning guidance. Neglecting climatic influences on MWS demands, the model overestimates the volume of imported water by up to 50% and misclassifies vulnerabilities during supply‐limiting conditions. The climate‐sensitive demand estimates reduced model error (i.e., <3% error) and correctly categorized vulnerabilities. Moreover, the MWS exhibited an average threefold greater sensitivity to percent changes in demand relative to percent changes in supply. The sensitivity to variances in demand emphasizes the need to account for factors influencing supply and demand when investigating the impacts of a changing climate, suggesting future research to examine the coupled influences of modeled supply and demand accuracy on MWS performance.
Final report of TKI discontinuation trial with dasatinib for the second attempt of treatment‐free remission after failing the first attempt with imatinib: Treatment‐free Remission Accomplished by Dasatinib (TRAD) study
Authors: Perusini Maria Agustina , Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Forrest Donna , Bence‐Bruckler Isabelle , Savoie Lynn , Keating Mary‐Margaret , Busque Lambert , Delage Robert , Xenocostas Anargyros , Liew Elena , Laneuville Pierre , Paulson Kristjan , Stockley Tracy , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Leber Brian , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan
Published: September 2023

Multiple studies have reported a significant treatment‐free remission (TFR) rate of 50%–60% in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who discontinue tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, the remaining half of these patients still require re‐initiation of TKI therapy for leukaemia control. It remains unclear if TKI drugs should be switched for re‐therapy in patients who failed the first TFR (TFR1) attempt. Our study attempted to determine whether dasatinib therapy after TFR1 failure post‐imatinib discontinuation could improve the likelihood of TFR2. Of 59 patients who lost molecular response after imatinib discontinuation for TFR1, 55 patients (93.2%) were treated with dasatinib, of whom 49 (89.1%) regained MR4.5 or deeper response, with a median time of 1.85 months to achieve MR4.5. Dasatinib was discontinued in 35 patients for TFR2 attempt, of whom 26 patients (74.28%) lost MMR and 6 (17.14%) MR4. Risk factor analysis for the TFR2 after dasatinib discontinuation suggested three significant factors: (1) doubling time of BCR::ABL1 transcript following TFR1 attempt, (2) rapid regaining of molecular response following dasatinib therapy and (3) undetectable BCR::ABL1 transcript prior to TFR2 attempt. The present study showed that dasatinib does not increase the TFR2 rate in general, but a selected group of patients could benefit from this approach.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac output in preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Ozturk Agaoglu Merve , Turgut Ezgi , Agaoglu Zahid , Tokalioglu Eda Ozden , Kara Ozgur , Tanacan Atakan , Sahin Dilek
Published: September 2023

Aim

We aimed to investigate fetal cardiac output (CO) in pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and its relationship with umbilical cord pH.

Methods

This was a prospective study in total 90 pregnancies at 24–37 weeks gestation including 42 pregnancies with PPROM and 48 that healthy controls. Fetal cardiac function including combined, left and right CO z‐scores were compared. The neonates in the PPROM group were separated with umbilical cord pH above and below 7.25, and cardiac output was compared between groups.

Results

In PPROM group, CCO z‐score, left cardiac output (LCO) z‐score, and right cardiac output (RCO) were significantly lower compared to healthy pregnancies (p = .036, p = .001, p = .032, respectively), while RCO z‐score showed no significant differences between the two groups. The aortic annulus and pulmonary artery annulus z‐scores were measured smaller in the PPROM group (p = .000 and p = .001, respectively). In PPROM group, the fetal LCO z‐score was significantly lower in neonates with an umbilical cord pH of 7.25 or less (p = .048).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that fetal CCO is lower in PPROM compared with healthy pregnancies. Reduced LCO z‐scores may be useful for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with PPROM.
Substrate profiling of the metalloproteinase ovastacin uncovers specific enzyme–substrate interactions and discloses fertilization‐relevant substrates
Authors: Felten Matthias , Distler Ute , von Wiegen Nele , Łącki Mateusz , Behl Christian , Tenzer Stefan , Stöcker Walter , Körschgen Hagen
Published: September 2023

The metalloproteinase ovastacin is released by the mammalian egg upon fertilization and cleaves a distinct peptide bond in zona pellucida protein 2 (ZP2), a component of the enveloping extracellular matrix. This limited proteolysis causes zona pellucida hardening, abolishes sperm binding, and thereby regulates fertility. Accordingly, this process is tightly controlled by the plasma protein fetuin‐B, an endogenous competitive inhibitor. At present, little is known about how the cleavage characteristics of ovastacin differ from closely related proteases. Physiological implications of ovastacin beyond ZP2 cleavage are still obscure. In this study, we employed N‐terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (N‐TAILS) contained in the secretome of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to elucidate the substrate specificity and the precise cleavage site specificity. Furthermore, we were able to unravel the physicochemical properties governing ovastacin–substrate interactions as well as the individual characteristics that distinguish ovastacin from similar proteases, such as meprins and tolloid. Eventually, we identified several substrates whose cleavage could affect mammalian fertilization. Consequently, these substrates indicate newly identified functions of ovastacin in mammalian fertilization beyond zona pellucida hardening.
Microbial diversity and authigenic siderite mediation in sediments surrounding the Kedr‐1 mud volcano, Lake Baikal
Authors: Lomakina Anna V. , Bukin Sergei V. , Pogodaeva Tatyana V. , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Khlystov Oleg M. , Khabuev Andrey V. , Ivanov Vyacheslav G. , Krylov Aleksey A. , Zemskaya Tamara I.
Published: September 2023

The gas hydrate‐bearing structure—mud volcano Kedr‐1 (Lake Baikal, southern basin)—is located near the coal‐bearing sediments of the Tankhoy formation of Oligocene–Miocene age and can be an ideal source of gas‐saturated fluid. A significant amount of siderite minerals (FeCO3) were collected from sediments at depths ranging from 0.5 to 327 cm below the lake floor (cmblf). An important feature of these carbonate minerals is the extremely strong enrichment in the heavy 13C isotope, reaching values of +33.3‰ VPDB. The δ13C of the siderite minerals, as well as their morphology and elemental composition, and the δ13CDIC of the co‐existing pore water, differed across layers of the core, which implies at least two generations of siderite formation. Here, we leverage mineralogical and geochemical data with 16S rRNA data from the microbial communities in sediments surrounding layers containing siderite minerals. Statistical data reveal the formation of three clusters of microbial communities based on taxonomical composition, key taxa among bacteria and archaea, and environmental parameters. Diversity and richness estimators decrease with sediment depth, with several similar prevailing clades located at the bottom of the core. Most of the taxa in the deep sediments could be associated with putative metabolisms involving organotrophic fermentation (Bathyarchaeia, Caldatribacteriota, and Chloroflexota). Various groups of methanogens (Methanoregulaceae, Methanosaetaceae, and Methanomassiliicoccales) and methanotrophic (Methanoperedenaceae) archaea are present in the sediment at variable relative abundances throughout the sampled depth. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of the sediment, carbon isotope analysis of carbonate minerals and DIC, and phylogenetic analysis of individual taxa and their metabolic potential, we present several models for subsurface siderite precipitation in Lake Baikal sediments.
Research trends on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and microbiota: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Yu , Ouyang Yaobin , He Cong
Published: September 2023

Background

Increasing evidence has indicated that Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the complex microbiota in the digestive tract of the human body. We aimed to assess the research trends and hotspots in the field of H. pylori and microbiota using a quantitative method.

Materials and Methods

The clinical studies on H. pylori and microbiota published from 2001 to 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science database. We visualized and analyzed countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords through VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. The test techniques, specimen type, as well as microbiota variation after H. pylori infection and eradication were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 98 publications were finally identified, and the number of annual papers increased gradually. China showed its dominant position in the publication outputs, and Nanchang University was the most productive institution. Cong He, Xu Shu, and Yin Zhu published the highest number of papers, whereas Helicobacter was the most productive journal. “Helicobacter pylori” ranked highest in the keyword occurrences. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was the most frequently used method for microbiota analysis. Fecal samples had the highest frequency of use, followed by gastric mucosa and saliva. H. pylori infection was associated with the alterations of microbiota through the digestive tract, characterized by the enrichment of Helicobacter in the stomach. Triple and quadruple therapy were the most utilized eradication regimens, and probiotics supplementation therapy has been proven to reduce side effects and restore microbial diversity.

Conclusions

This bibliometric analysis provides an overview of advancements in the field of H. pylori and microbiota. While numerous studies have been conducted on the correlation between H. pylori and the alterations of microbiota, future research is warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the interplay between H. pylori and other microbes in the development of related diseases.
Properties and microstructure of Cf/HfC‐SiC composite prepared by combined process
Authors: Yan Chunlei , Ye Linsen , Chen Liyun , Zhao Zhenguo , Liu Rongjun
Published: September 2023

The Cf/HfC‐SiC composite was produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis combined with gaseous silicon infiltration and an open porosity as low as 5.4% was achieved. Cf/HfC‐SiC composite has a thermal conductivity of 21.4 W·m−1·K−1, in addition, its flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness are 328.9 ± 58.4 MPa, 48.9 ± 2.8 GPa, and 10.2 ± 1.2 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The compact matrix and the toughing mechanism by fibers account for the good mechanical properties. The Cf/HfC‐SiC composite survives the oxyacetylene torch test and the formation of a protective oxide scale by joint action of SiO2 and HfO2 contributes to good ablation performance of the composite.
Impact of sintering thermal history on MgO‐doped alumina: Reduction of grain growth constant through high heating rates
Authors: Kermani Milad , Wu Jinghua , Liu Zexiao , Zuo Fei , Lin Hua‐Tay , Hu Chunfeng , Grasso Salvatore
Published: September 2023

This work examines the impact of sintering thermal history on kinetics of grain growth for 1264 ppm (0.1 wt%) MgO‐doped alumina. Results suggest that sintering with a high heating rate in the order of ∼103°C min−1 retards grain growth rate. By contrast, a slow heating rate of 5°C min−1 resulted in an increase in grain growth constant by a factor of ∼4. The segregation of Mg to grain boundaries, favored by short sintering duration, is considered to be one of the possible factors contributing to the retarded grain growth rate for the rapidly heated compacts. Furthermore, it is proposed that the simultaneous combination of retarded grain boundary migration rate and limited surface‐diffusion‐driven grain coarsening, promoted by rapid heating, enables pressure‐less fabrication of translucent alumina without a need for vacuum or hydrogen atmosphere. In fact, it is demonstrated that weakly translucent alumina can be produced at relatively low temperatures of 1475–1550°C by sintering with a high heating rate (herein, ∼103°C min−1) in ambient atmosphere.
Trophic interactions and the diet composition of sympatric finfish predators in the tropical demersal ecosystem in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Muktha Menon , Satishkumar Mamidi , Ranjan Behera Pralaya , Indira Divipala , Prathibha Rohit , Zacharia Pariyappanal Ulahannan , Gopalakrishnan Achamveetil
Published: September 2023

The dietary composition, foraging strategies, and interspecific trophic interactions were identified for four major demersal carnivorous finfishes, namely, croaker Otolithes ruber, hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus, and lizardfish Saurida undosquamis, along the north‐western part of Bay of Bengal from 2014 to 2016. Two species, Trichiurus lepturus and Saurida undosquamis, were identified as finfish feeders due to the high number of teleost (clupeids and engraulids) prey. One species, Nemipterus japonicus, had a significantly different diet of metapenaeids and charybdids, and was identified as a shellfish feeder. The final species, Otolithes ruber, preyed equally on crustaceans and teleosts, and was identified as a shellfish‐finfish feeder. The feeding activity of all four species was lower during peak spawning periods and tended to increase with maturity. Feeding preferences varied with seasons. The trophic level ranged from 3.49 to 4.01, classifying the four species as medium‐carnivores or meso‐predators. Niche breadth ranged from 0.170 to 0.421, with seasonal and ontogenetic variations. Individual or subgroup specialization was observed on dominant prey, but intraspecific diet variations indicated all four species to be opportunistic predators. There was substantial prey overlap for Saurida undosquamis with Otolithes ruber and Trichiurus lepturus, which increased ontogenetically and coincided with their peak spawning. Sharing of abundant prey resources together with temporal and ontogenetic resource partitioning at intra‐ and interspecific levels possibly lowered dietary competition, thereby facilitating the coexistence of these demersal predators. This study provides new information on feeding interactions from a tropical demersal ecosystem that can be applied for the ecosystem‐based management of trawl fisheries.
Recidivism in a juvenile court‐sponsored delinquency prevention program
Authors: Windell James O. , Axelrod Bradley N.
Published: September 2023

Previous research on the rates of juvenile re‐offending have been found to be as high as 66% when measuring recidivism by rearrest and as high as 33% when measuring re‐offending by reconvictions within one to three years of release. However, accurately estimating a national juvenile recidivism rate is problematic. This is even more complicated when attempting to determine recidivism for delinquency prevention programs. One of the oldest, and perhaps most successful of these programs, is the Oakland County (Michigan) Youth Assistance Program (OCYA), which began in 1953. The present paper is an attempt to quantify the recidivism rate for youngsters referred to OCYA in a different sample. This study drew on the entire OCYA database from 2004 to 2014 with a random sample of 1540 cases selected. Demographic information of the selected youths, their number of caseworker contacts, the type of offense, and their recidivism record were evaluated using SPSS statistical software. Results showed a relatively low recidivism rate, but participation in OCYA face‐to‐face caseworker contacts or auxiliary programs had no predictive value in forecasting recidivism.
Subclinical diabetes confirmed by 75‐g OGTT influence on the prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Kang Seong Hee , Kim Moon Young , Han Seul Ki , Baik Soon Koo
Published: September 2023

Background and aim

Disorders of glucose metabolism, such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), frequently occur in cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate who needs to be undertaken a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to find underlying subclinical diabetes.

Methods

This prospective study included 713 patients with either compensated (Child–Turcotte–Pugh [CTP] class A) or decompensated cirrhosis (CTP class B/C) without previous DM history. All patients underwent a 75‐g OGTT. The patients were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), IGT, and newly diagnosed DM (subclinical DM).

Results

Among 713 patients, NGT was diagnosed in 139 (19.5%), IGT in 252 (35.3%), and subclinical DM in 322 (45.2%) patients, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 42.0 months, the cumulative survival rates of patients were as follows: NGT, 75.6%; IGT, 57.6%; and subclinical DM, 54.8%. Overall, IGT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.605; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.009–2.553; P = 0.046) and subclinical DM (aHR, 1.840; 95% CI = 1.183–2.861; P = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. In patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 415), neither IGT nor subclinical DM conferred a higher mortality risk. However, among patients with decompensated cirrhosis (n = 298), those with IGT (aHR, 2.394; P = 0.015) and subclinical DM (aHR, 2.211; P = 0.022) showed a survival rate worse than those with NGT. In addition, subclinical DM was identified as an independent risk factor for infection (aHR, 2.508; P = 0.007).

Conclusions

IGT and subclinical diabetes by OGTT are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cirrhosis, and the effect is pronounced in the decompensated state.

ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT04828512 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04828512).
Preoperative psychological resilience and recovery after hip fracture: Secondary analysis of the REGAIN randomized trial
Authors:   The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) Investigators
Published: September 2023

Background

How psychological resilience influences postoperative outcomes remains poorly characterized. We tested the hypothesis that psychological resilience is associated with lower odds of death or new inability to walk independently and other outcomes at 60 days after hip fracture surgery.

Methods

This was a pre‐planned secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial comparing spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. We analyzed data on 1360 adults aged 50 years or older who were hospitalized for hip fracture surgery at one of 46 US or Canadian hospitals and provided psychological resilience data preoperatively as measured via the Brief Resilience Scale. Major exclusions were the inability to walk without human assistance before fracture and contraindications to spinal anesthesia. Death or new inability to walk independently at 60 days after surgery was the primary outcome; death or new nursing home residence at 60 days and 60‐day mortality were secondary outcomes.

Results

Greater psychological resilience was associated with lower odds of death or new inability to walk at day 60 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.77; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.98; p = 0.03). We observed a similar association between psychological resilience and outcomes among patients who did not experience complications after surgery (aOR 0.72; CI 0.55 to 0.94, p = 0.02), but not those who had complications (aOR 1.00; CI 0.59 to 1.69, p = 0.99). Psychological resilience was associated with lower odds of 60‐day death or new nursing home residence (aOR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.93; p < 0.001) but not with 60‐day mortality (aOR 0.92; 95% CI 0.56 to 1.49; p = 0.73).

Conclusions

Psychological resilience is associated with better outcomes for older adults after hip fracture surgery, but largely among those who do not have postoperative complications. Future interventions may focus on improving psychological resilience preoperatively or providing support to patients with lower psychological resilience.
Risk of new cerebral ischemic events in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis while awaiting carotid stent placement
Authors: Bains Navpreet , Nunna Ravi S. , Ma Xiaoyu , Fakih Rami , Jaura Attiya , French Brandi R. , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R. , Qureshi Adnan I.
Published: September 2023

Background and purpose

Although there is an emphasis on performing carotid artery stent (CAS) placement within 2 weeks after index event of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke in patients with significant extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, the risks and characteristics of recurrent cerebral ischemic event while waiting for CAS placement are not well defined.

Method

We analyzed patients admitted to our institution over a 45‐month period with symptomatic extracranial ICA stenosis. We identified any new cerebral ischemic events that occurred between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS placement and categorized them as TIA and minor or major ischemic strokes. We calculated the risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS placement.

Results

The mean age of 131 patients analyzed was 67 years (range: 47‐94 years; 92 were men), and 94 and 37 patients had 70%‐99% and 50%‐69% severity of stenosis, respectively. The mean and median time intervals between index cerebral or retinal ischemic event and CAS performance were 28 (standard deviation [SD] 30) and 7 (interquartile range 33) days, respectively. A total of 9 of 131 patients (6.9%, 95% confidence interval 2.5%‐11.2%) experienced new cerebral ischemic events over 3637 patient days of observation. The risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events was 2.5 per 1000 patient days of observation.

Conclusion

We estimated the risk of new ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events in patients with ICA stenosis ≥50% in severity while waiting for CAS placement to guide appropriate timing of procedure.
Effects of School Physical Education on the Exercise Habits of Children and Adolescents: An Empirical Analysis Using China Health and Nutrition Survey Data
Authors: Wang He , Fang Yan , Zhang Yilin , Zou Haonan
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Since 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Education has conducted reform in the physical education (PE) curriculums of schools in China, with a focus on shifting from sports skills to regular participation in physical activity (PA) and promoting health. The aim of the study, therefore, is to examine the effects of school PE on the exercise habits of children and adolescents in China over time.

METHODS

Data based on 5941 observations of 3708 individuals aged 6 to 17 were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) for the period 2004 to 2015. The data were analyzed using the fixed‐effect Logit model and the random‐effect Tobit model.

RESULTS

The likelihood of exercising outside of school is 20.2% higher for students who have school PE than those who do not. Our study found that increasing the duration of PE at school by 100%, increases the duration of out‐of‐school PA by 22.3%. The variety of the types of sports schools offer encourages students to participate in out‐of‐school physical activity. The likelihood of students exercising outside of school increases by 5.6% when 1 more exercise type is provided in school PE. In addition, soccer, basketball, badminton, and volleyball education increases students' participation in after‐school exercises. Soccer and basketball education, in particular, improves the duration of after‐school PA.

CONCLUSIONS

To form exercise habits in children and adolescents, we encourage the promotion of a variety of physical activities in schools, especially team sports such as soccer and basketball.
Strain‐specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi
Authors: Andersson Björn , Berglund Olof , Filipsson Helena L. , Kourtchenko Olga , Godhe Anna , Johannesson Kerstin , Töpel Mats , Pinder Matthew I. M. , Hoepfner Lara , Rengefors Karin
Published: September 2023

Phytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining‐exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non‐exposed population 100 km away. We hypothesized that mining pollution has driven evolution of elevated copper tolerance in the impacted population of S. marinoi. Assays of 58 strains originating from sediment resting stages revealed no difference in the average tolerance to copper between the two populations. However, variation within populations was greater at the mining site, with three strains displaying hyper‐tolerant phenotypes. In an artificial evolution experiment, we used a novel intraspecific metabarcoding locus to track selection and quantify fitness of all 58 strains during co‐cultivation in one control and one toxic copper treatment. As expected, the hyper‐tolerant strains enabled rapid evolution of copper tolerance in the mining‐exposed population through selection on available strain diversity. Within 42 days, in each experimental replicate a single strain dominated (30%–99% abundance) but different strains dominated the different treatments. The reference population developed tolerance beyond expectations primarily due to slowly developing plastic response in one strain, suggesting that different modes of copper tolerance are present in the two populations. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence that standing genetic diversity of phytoplankton resting stage allows populations to evolve rapidly (20–50 generations) and flexibly on timescales relevant for seasonal bloom progressions.
Naming the problem: The gendered distribution of time
Authors: Coote Anna
Published: September 2023

The problems around division of labour and purpose between genders have shifted but have not gone away. Anna Coote looks at the impact of the combined pressures of working and caring on women today and the way the lives of both men and women are shaped by the distribution of paid and unpaid time.
An analysis of a new rapid difficult airway response team in a vertically built children's hospital
Authors: Rowland Matthew J. , Hazkani Inbal , Becerra Danielle , Jagannathan Narasimhan , Ida Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Background

Intrahospital transport is associated with adverse events. This challenge is amplified during airway management. Although difficult airway response teams have been described, little attention has been paid to patient transport during difficult airway management versus the alternative of managing patient airways without moving the patient. This is especially needed in a 22‐floor vertical hospital.

Hypothesis

Development of a rapid difficult airway response team and an associated difficult airway cart will allow for the ability to manage difficult airways in the patient's primary location.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all rapid difficult airway response activations from December 18, 2019 to December 31, 2021 was performed to determine the number of airways secured in the patient's primary location (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included length of time until airway securement, airway device used, number of attempts, complications, use of front of neck access, and mortality.

Results

There were 96 rapid difficult airway response activations in a 2‐year period, with 18 activations deemed inappropriate. Of the 78 indicated rapid difficult airway response deployments, all activations resulted in a secure airway, and 76 (97.4%) of cases had an airway secured in the patient's primary location. The mean time to airway securement was 17.1 min (standard deviation 18.8 min). The most common methods of airway securement were direct laryngoscopy (42.3%, 33/78) and video laryngoscopy (29.5%, 23/78). The mean number of attempts by the rapid difficult airway response team was 1.4. There were no documented cases requiring front of neck access. The Cormack‐Lehane airway grade at time of intubation was I‐II in 83.3% (65/78) of activations. Rapid difficult airway response activation resulted in 16 cases of cardiac arrest and 4 patient deaths within 48 h.

Conclusions

A rapid difficult airway response team allows a large majority of patients' airways to be managed and secured in the patient's primary hospital location. Future directions include reducing time to airway securement and identifying factors associated with cardiac arrest.
A boosting policy to optimize user forum performance: Model and validation
Authors: Mookerjee Radha , Jabr Wael , Singh Harpreet
Published: September 2023

Near‐constant Internet access through desktop or mobile devices has turned self‐service support forums into the first port of call for users seeking to troubleshoot product or service issues. The firms providing these products and services also benefit from this trend since it reduces user support costs by diverting service requests away from costlier support channels, such as help desks. For the continued success of such a forum, however, the managing entity must ensure that users receive timely solutions to their inquiries quickly and regularly. We develop a mathematical model of a user forum's operations to obtain a “white box” view of a user forum and reveal the support system's dynamics. Then, using a large and comprehensive dataset of questions and answers from Apple's iPhone user forum, we empirically estimate the forum's performance to validate the predictions of the mathematical model. Our results demonstrate that the predictions closely match the forum's actual performance, with an error of less than 10%. We then propose and analyze an optimal threshold policy that boosts a thread to rekindle user interest and demonstrate the benefit of our intervention policy in managing the iPhone forum.
Recent advances in exosomal non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic approaches for photoaging
Authors: Li Kun‐Jie , Zhou Peng‐Jun , Guo Yan‐Ni , Xu Tian‐Xing , Lin Song‐Fa , Lin Shu , Ji Chao
Published: September 2023

Background

Photoaging is a degenerative biological process that affects the quality of life. It is caused by environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR), deep skin burns, smoking, active oxygen, chemical substances, and trauma. Among them, UVR plays a vital role in the aging process.

Aim

With the continuous development of modern medicine, clinical researchers have investigated novel approaches to treat aging. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), non‐coding RNAs are involved in various physiological processes have broad clinical application as they have the advantages of convenient samples, abundant sources, and avoidable ethical issues.

Methods

This article reviews research progress on five types of stem cell, exosomes, non‐coding RNA in the context of photoaging treatment: adipose‐derived stem cell, human umbilical cord MSCs, epidermal progenitor cells, keratinocyte stem cells, and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). It also includes stem cell related exosomes and their non‐coding RNA research.

Results

The results have clinical guiding significance for prevention and control of the onset and development of photoaging. It is found that stem cells secrete cytokines, cell growth factors, non‐coding RNA, exosomes and proteins to repair aging skin tissues and achieve skin rejuvenation. In particular, stem cell exosomes and non‐coding RNA are found to have significant research potential, as they possess the benefits of their source cells without the disadvantages which include immune rejection and granuloma formation.
Improving pixel‐based classification of GRASS GIS with support vector machine
Authors: Nartišs Māris , Melniks Raitis
Published: September 2023

Open source GIS software GRASS releases 8.0 to 8.4 have received some long overdue improvements in imagery handling such as the ability to reuse spectral signature files of existing classifiers, machine readable output of accuracy assessment tool and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Practical comparison of all three pixel‐based classifiers of GRASS GIS indicated that the maximum likelihood discriminant analysis classifier is the fastest and least accurate one, followed by a sequential maximum a posteriori classifier with reasonably fast execution time and good accuracy. The newly added SVM classifier is the slowest one but provides the highest accuracy and also shows the highest improvement potential by hyperparameter optimization. To illustrate the capabilities of the core classifiers, a showcase is presented where a single Sentinel 2 image is classified to distinguish 18 crop types using all three classifiers available in GRASS.
The Wire Is Not the Territory: Understanding Representational Drift in Olfaction With Dynamical Systems Theory
Authors: Barwich Ann‐Sophie , Severino Gabriel J.
Published: September 2023

Representational drift is a phenomenon of increasing interest in the cognitive and neural sciences. While investigations are ongoing for other sensory cortices, recent research has demonstrated the pervasiveness in which it occurs in the piriform cortex for olfaction. This gradual weakening and shifting of stimulus‐responsive cells has critical implications for sensory stimulus–response models and perceptual decision‐making. While representational drift may complicate traditional sensory processing models, it could be seen as an advantage in olfaction, as animals live in environments with constantly changing and unpredictable chemical information. Non‐topographical encoding in the olfactory system may aid in contextualizing reactions to promiscuous odor stimuli, facilitating adaptive animal behavior and survival. This article suggests that traditional models of stimulus–(neural) response mapping in olfaction may need to be reevaluated and instead motivates the use of dynamical systems theory as a methodology and conceptual framework.
Jazz Influence and Synthesis in the Music of John Adams
Authors: Sanchez-Behar Alexander
Published: September 2023

This article examines the influence of jazz in John Adams's oeuvre. Adams's interest in jazz has shaped his compositional output, developing in tandem with the minimalist traits apparent throughout his works. Part 1 chronicles Adams's early encounters with touring jazz bands during
his formative years. Following his formal studies, Adams turned to the music of Duke Ellington as inspiration for "Sentimentals" (1973), a work that precedes his initial experimentation with minimalism. His interest in jazz has en dured throughout his compositional career, as evidenced by
jazz references found in work titles, program notes, and anecdotal accounts from his interviews. Part 2 reframes the vocabulary of Adams's harmonic structures, particularly those subsequent to Nixon in China (1987), using a jazz-oriented approach. Timothy A. Johnson's theoretical model
designed for the examination of Adams's harmony provides a means of comparison between a classical approach and a jazz perspective. I explore Adams's in corporation of jazz harmonic idioms, which emerge prominently soon after Nixon. I then consider how works from the 1990s onward exhibit
a synthesis between jazz and post minimalism that characterizes his mature compositional style. In conclusion, I present a jazz "chord-scale" model analysis using an excerpt from Adams's City Noir (2009) to highlight the interaction between melody and harmony.
A Tacholess Order Tracking Method Based on the STFTSC Algorithm for Rotor Unbalance Fault Diagnosis Under Variable-Speed Conditions
Authors: Wu Binyun , Hou Liang , Wang Shaojie , Lian Xiaozhen
Published: September 2023

Due to the fact that rotors usually operate in a non-stationary mode with changing speeds, the conventional rotor unbalance detection method based on the stationary signal will produce a major “spectrum ambiguity issue” and affect the accuracy of rotor unbalance detection. To this end, a tacholess order tracking method based on the STFTSC algorithm is suggested in this study, where the STFTSC algorithm is developed by combining the short-time Fourier transform and the seam carving algorithm. First, the STFTSC algorithm is utilized to accurately extract the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the rotor and calculate the instantaneous phase under variable-speed conditions. Subsequently, the original signal is resampled in the angular domain to transform the non-stationary time domain signal into a stable angle domain signal, eliminating the effect of the speed variations. Finally, the angular domain signal is transformed into the order domain signal, which uses the discrete Fourier transform and the discrete spectrum correction method to identify the amplitude and phase corresponding to the fundamental frequency component of the signal. The simulation results show that the IF extracted by the STFTSC algorithm has higher extraction accuracy compared with the traditional STFT spectral peak detection method and effectively eliminates the effect of speed fluctuations. A rotor dynamic-balancing experiment shows that the unbalance correction effect based on the STFTSC algorithm is remarkable, with the average unbalance amount decrease rate on the left and right sides being 90.02% and 92.56%, respectively, after a single correction.
Supplemental Material: Ongoing fragmentation of the subducting Cocos slab, Central America
Authors: Xue Tu , Gao Stephen , al. et
Published: September 2023

Figures S1–S5 (bouguer gravity anomalies and focal mechanism solutions; cross section of tomographic images and anisotropy beneath Central America; isotropic S-wave speed anomalies and azimuthal anisotropy; azimuthal equidistant map showing event distributions; and shear wave splitting measurement examples); Table S1 (shear wave splitting measurements); and Table S2 (model parameters).  
Supplemental Material: Neogene faulting, basin development, and relief generation in the southern Klamath Mountains (USA)
Authors: Michalak Melanie J. , al. et
Published: September 2023

Figure 3 (interactive). Geologic and geophysical maps of southern Klamath Mountains province. Use the radio buttons to toggle between different maps. (A) Geologic map modified from Irwin (1994) showing interpretations of the La Grange fault (LGF) from Cashman and Elder (2002) with hachures on hanging wall, Browns Meadow fault (BMF) (Davis, 1968; this study), and fault-bounded grabens that preserve Weaverville Formation (Irwin 2009, 2010; this study). Faults are solid where known, dashed where inferred, and dotted where concealed. New bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) mean age locations are shown by large circles; previously published AHe ages are shown by small circles, and apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from Batt et al. (2010b) and Piotraschke et al. (2015) are shown with triangles. Sample locations of new detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions are shown by gray squares. Geologic cross section lines A-A′ (Fig. 4A) and B-B′ (Fig. 4B) are indicated. (B) Isostatic gravity map. Contour interval = 4 mGal. Data are from Snyder et al. (1981), Smith (1984), Pan-American Center for Earth and Environmental Studies (2015), and Langenheim et al. (2023). (C) Isostatic gravity map with horizontal gravity gradient maxima. (D) Aeromagnetic map (North American Magnetic Anomaly Group, 2002).

Figure 10 (interactive). Simplified geologic, gravity, and basin depth maps of the Hayfork graben using water well data. Use the radio buttons to toggle between different maps. (A) Simplified geologic map, modified slightly from Irwin (2010). Quaternary deposits are not shown. (B) Isostatic gravity map. (C) Basin depth map based on inversion of gravity data.  
Supplemental Material: Growth and evolution of Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic crust in the NW Wyoming Province: Evidence from zircon U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopes of the Montana metasedimentary terrane
Authors: Chen Tsai-Wei , et al.
Published: September 2023

The Supplemental Material includes two text files of sample description (Supplemental File S1) and whole-rock geochemistry (Supplemental File S2), one figure of whole-rock trace-element diagrams (Fig. S1), five tables of metadata for laser data (Table S1), U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic data for zircon reference materials (Tables S2 and S3) and zircon samples (Tables S4 and S5), as well as one table of whole-rock compositions (Table S6).
Supplemental Material: Multivariate examination of the sediment-deficient southeast Australian continental shelf
Authors: Nordsvan Adam R. , et al.
Published: September 2023

Additional methodology, figures, and data.
Supplemental Material: The Manhattan project: Isotope geochemistry and detrital zircon geochronology of schists in New York City, USA
Authors: Jaret Steven , et al.
Published: September 2023

Supplement includes analytical methods, example petrographic images for each sample, representative cathodoluminescence images of zircons, and additional statistics for comparison of zircon poupulations.
Supplemental Material: Two-phase kinematic evolution of the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Initial Eocene–Oligocene deformation that accelerated in the mid-Miocene
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Xuanhua , et al.
Published: September 2023

Table S1. ESR dating results of samples from the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S2. Apatite (U-Th)/He analytical results of samples from the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau. Table S3. Apatite fission track analyzed results of samples from the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau.
Cancer symptom burden negatively affects health-related quality of life in patients undergoing prehabilitation prior to liver resection: results from a 12-week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kasvis Popi , Vigano Antonio , Bui Tram , Carli Franco , Kilgour Robert D.
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to (i) explore determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer awaiting liver resection and entering a prehabilitation program, and (ii) examine the effect of prehabilitation on HRQoL in both the pre- and postoperative period. We randomized patients to prehabilitation or rehabilitation. Prehabilitation began an exercise, nutrition, and relaxation intervention 4 weeks preoperatively; rehabilitation began the same intervention postoperatively. We measured the following at baseline, preoperatively, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively: HRQoL [Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G)], nutritional status [abridged Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA)], cancer symptom burden [revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r)], fatigue [Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)] and anxiety/depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], 6 min walking distance, handgrip strength, and body composition. At baseline ( n = 35, prehabilitation = 17), there were significant negative associations between FACT-G and ESAS-r total score ( r = −0.675, p < 0.001), HADS depression ( r = −0.618, p < 0.001), BFI ( r = −0.612, p < 0.001), aPG-SGA ( r = −0.432, p < 0.05), and HADS anxiety ( r = −0.397, p < 0.05). There were no associations between FACT-G and strength/function tests or body composition. Robust multivariate regression analysis revealed ESAS-r was the only variable to consistently remain significant and predictive of baseline FACT-G ( β = −0.67 to −0.83, p < 0.05, R2 = 36%–41%). There were no differences in FACT-G within or between groups at any timepoint. Cancer symptom burden was predictive of poor HRQoL in patients entering a prehabilitation program prior to liver resection. Future prehabilitation studies in this patient population should test whether the addition of supportive care measures to relieve cancer-related symptoms will lead to significant improvements in HRQoL. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT03475966.

Take home message

Cancer symptoms negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer awaiting liver resection. Prehabilitation maintained HRQoL after surgery. Future studies should test whether relieving cancer symptoms can improve HRQoL.