bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of determining biomass-based levoglucosenone by UHPLC–UV in aqueous samples
Authors: Meile Kristine , Godina Daniela , Zhurinsh Aivars , Pomilovskis Ralfs
Published: June 2019

The depletion of fossil resources and concerns about the environment encourage the search for renewable biomass-based chemicals with broad applications. Levoglucosenone (LGO) is a carbohydrate derivative obtained by the pyrolysis of cellulose containing raw materials. Because of its two chiral centres LGO is particularly appealing to the organic synthesis industry, therefore improved ways of producing LGO are continuously investigated. This study deals with the quality control of the LGO containing pyrolysis products by modern UHPLC–UV methods. Acceptable chromatographic separation of LGO could be achieved in most samples of pyrolysis products obtained from birch (Betula pendula) wood. However, a significant degradation of LGO was observed in aqueous solutions, which needs to be taken into consideration both when performing analysis, as well as during the storage of the pyrolysis products which are generally recovered from the pyrolysis reactor as a water condensate. The degradation rate of LGO in a water/acetonitrile solution, which corresponds with the mobile phase of the UHPLC method, at 5°C was 1.8% a day. Even faster degradation occurred in samples without the addition of acetonitrile.
Dignidade humana no contexto organizacional e suas diferentes concepções
Authors: Morais Francilene Araújo de
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender o significado de dignidade humana no contexto organizacional e suas diferentes concepções. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, onde se investigou, inicialmente, o significado de dignidade humana, resgatando suas raízes históricas e filosóficas. Depois, buscou-se compreender a maneira como a dignidade está sendo estudada no ambiente organizacional, sobretudo na área de gestão humanizada de pessoas. Os resultados apontam que a dignidade humana possui diversos sentidos, os quais se modificam ao longo do tempo e do espaço. Já, a dignidade organizacional é estudada levando em consideração tanto o ambiente interno quanto o externo à organização. O ambiente interno é tratado na perspectiva de dignidade nas organizações e o ambiente externo sob a perspectiva de dignidade das organizações. Propõe-se, então, uma complementariedade entre estas duas concepções- dignidade nas e das organizações- a fim de obter uma visão mais acurada acerca da dignidade no contexto organizacional. Um dos limites do estudo consiste em não ter investigado empiricamente o que os estudiosos da área pensam acerca da complementariedade apontada, o que poderá ser realizado em outro estudo, constituindo-se numa agenda de pesquisa. Quanto á inovação, aponta-se a possibilidade de repensar a gestão de pessoas, na direção de resgatar a dignidade da pessoa humana no ambiente do trabalho.
Falência econômica das indústrias de Mato Grosso: uma análise de perfil e espacialidade
Authors: Dallemole Dilamar , Toldi Katiane , Zavala Arturo Alejandro , Faria Alexandre Magno de Melo
Published: June 2019

De acordo com registros da Junta Comercial do Estado de Mato Grosso (JUCEMAT), o número de indústrias falidas aumentou 57% e ultrapassou o montante de 15 mil, entre 2006 e 2016. Trata-se de um número elevado, a ponto de questionar-se quais particularidades estão relacionadas com a falência econômica neste setor, no estado. Por isso, o objetivo principal deste estudo consiste em avaliar o perfil das indústrias que encerraram suas atividades no período, considerando a estimativa da taxa de sobrevivência para os segmentos de extração e transformação. Os principais resultados apontam para consequências generalizadas oriundas das principais crises econômicas, com efeitos mais agressivos para as microempresas de extração de areia, cascalho e pedregulho. Também, agravou os problemas das indústrias alimentícias e madeireiras, principais atividades da economia local, com impactos mais acentuados nas Regiões Sul, Sudeste, Norte e Centro-Norte de Mato Grosso. A taxa de sobrevivência diminuiu consideravelmente no período 2006-2008 e, apesar de recuperação no período seguinte, ainda não recobrou seu melhor desempenho, tanto no segmento de extração, quanto no de transformação.
Impact of the functioning of a thermeletry in the bird fauna of the brazilian semiarid
Authors: Cerqueira Joaci dos Santos , Albuquerque Helder Neves de , Sousa Francisco de Assis Salviano de
Published: June 2019

The thermoelectric generate a large amount of pollutants, due to the type of fuel used for electric power generation, damaging in this way, the environment, human health, as well as the surrounding biodiversity. Based on this premise, the objective of this work was to identify the bird species present in the surroundings of a thermoelectric. The study was carried out in the surroundings of the Borborema Energética SA Thermoelectric, in the region of the northeast of Brazil, from January to December 2016, where used the technique of observation by transects and use of mist net to capture images of the birds fauna. In the study area, 29 bird species belonging to 10 orders and 21 families were registered. The order with the most representatives was the Passeriformes, and the families were Tyrannidae, followed by Furnariidae. Of the total number of journeys performed during the daytime of the research, the species with the highest observation frequency was Crotophaga ani. On the abundance, more representatives were the species Crotophaga ani, Coragyps atratus and Thlypopsis sordida. In this context, there was a low abundance and diversity of birds fauna in the region, demonstrating a precarious state of conservation and ecological integrity, which may reflect the impacts of industrialization, installation and operation of the thermoelectric in the area.
Agrobiodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais com cafeeiro na Amazônia ocidental
Authors: Costa Maria Cristiana de Freitas da , Oliveira Giordano Bruno da Silva , Modro Anna Frida Hatsue , Morais Fernando Ferreira de , Evaristo André de Paulo , Souza Emanuel Fernando Maia de
Published: June 2019

Os agroecossistemas de base agroecológica contribuem com a mitigação dos problemas ambientais, ao mesmo tempo que produzem bens e serviços ecossistêmicos. Objetivou-se investigar a composição florística, riqueza e diversidade de plantas em sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) com cafeeiro canéfora (Coffea sp.), como componente principal, estabelecidos no município de Cacoal, Rondônia. Foram inventariados todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito maior ou igual a cinco cm, medidos a 130 cm do solo, em sete SAF. Após a identificação das espécies foram calculados os parâmetros de frequência, densidade, dominância, valor de importância, valor de cobertura, similaridade de Jaccard, diversidade de Shannon-Wierner, equabilidade de Pielou e dominância de Simpson. Para a estrutura vertical, os SAF foram estratificados pelo método de Longhi. Foram inventariados 835 indivíduos, distribuídos em 71 espécies, 5 morfoespécies, 54 gêneros e 27 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae e Bignoniaceae. Os SAF apresentaram em sua composição florística gradiente de espécies, com 49% de nativas, 23% exóticas e 28% não foram confirmadas. Os SAF são pouco semelhantes entre si, com nenhuma espécie comum a todos. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wierner, variou de 0,54 a 2,79; equabilidade de Pielou 0,42 a 0,87 e dominância de Simpson 0,27 a 0,92. As espécies mais frequentes foram embaúba (Cecropia engleriana Snethl.) e bandarra (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby), presentes em 86% dos SAF. O valor de importância das espécies que compõem os SAF, mostrou um estoque de indivíduos com potencial madeireiro. Os SAF apresentaram-se multiestratificados, com presença de três estratos para todos os agroecossistemas. Em 43% dos SAF os indivíduos melhor representados estão no estrato dois (E2). Os coeficientes encontrados indicam os SAF com cafeeiro com potencial para a conservação da natureza e da agrobiodiversidade.
Anomalias hidroquímicas nos aquíferos de Icapuí/CE: riscos à saúde da população
Authors: Maia Saulo Roberio Rodrigues , Freire George Satander Sá , Gomes Diolande Ferreira , Araújo Karen Vendramini de
Published: June 2019

Problemas de saúde coletiva e ambientais coexistem de forma integrada. Nesta sociedade, cada dia mais ansiosa, necessita-se de múltiplos meios e usos de novas tecnologias para analisar, com olhar interdisciplinar, doenças emergentes e silenciosas e, outras, de diagnóstico difícil e origem não detectável. Este estudo visa avaliar os parâmetros bacteriológicos (coliformes totais e E. Coli), e de espécies químicas inorgânicas nitrogenados (amônia, nitrito e nitrato), de águas subterrâneas dos poços analisados na costa do município de Icapuí/CE, e, a existência ou não, de correlação com casos de doenças, por via hídrica, dos munícipes. A metodologia, referenciada na literatura, utilizada no laboratório, teve seus resultados correlacionados a dados secundários, quantitativos, de órgãos estatais. A presença de bactérias, E. coli e coliformes totais, e de compostos nitrogenados, nas análises de águas coletadas em alguns poços da rede, justifica o aumento dos casos, em Icapuí, de doenças diarreicas, no período da pesquisa, além do reaparecimento de casos de hepatite viral. Outros microorganismos podem estar associados, ficando como sugestão futura, pesquisas com médicos sanitaristas, para um diagnóstico preciso sobre outras possíveis enfermidades. Espera-se contribuir, por meio da divulgação do trabalho, com a gestão de saúde do município em melhorar a qualidade de vida dos nativos. Além de provocar, os formadores de profissionais da área, em buscar ultrapassar a limitação disciplinar, e diagnosticar, de forma mais rápida e correta, os mais diversos tipos de doenças.
Pesquisa em franchising: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: João Belmiro Nascimento , Farias Amalia Costa
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo de pesquisa realizar uma análise dos principais avanços e tendências sobre o tema “franchising”, com a finalidade de identificar autores, estudo da evolução das citações, instituições, periódicos, volume de publicações sobre o tema, artigos mais relevantes e as suas principais contribuições. O termo “franchising”, foi utilizado na busca na base de dados do Web of Science por meio da análise bibliométrica que possibilitou identificar 1101 artigos. Com essa análise foi possível traçar a evolução histórica sobre o tema, bem como a análise dos picos e as baixas nas publicações e, principalmente, a ampliação do escopo de pesquisa. No início os interesses dos pesquisadores concentravam-se apenas na perspectiva econômica, envolvia relações contratuais, propriedade e distribuição, entretanto, o crescimento do modelo que favoreceu o surgimento de novas e redes e o amadurecimento de outras, fator que levou os pesquisadores a ampliar o escopo das análises, envolvendo, tecnologia, empreendedorismo, varejo, comportamento organizacional, ou seja, sobre a perspectiva de marketing, estratégias e estudos organizacionais. As mudanças não ocorrem apenas nas áreas de interesse, novos países, centros de pesquisa e novos periódicos passaram a publicar sobre o tema.
Percepções de gestores de incubadoras e empresas incubadas sobre o processo de incubação
Authors: Rabello Gisele Costa , Rodrigues Gabriele , Severo Eliana Andréa , De Quadros Martins Amilton Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

A criação, desenvolvimento e manutenção de pequenas empresas frente a um cenário competitivo geram instabilidades e incertezas. Para que isso não ocorra, as empresas buscam estratégias que auxiliem sua estabilidade nesse mercado. As incubadoras de empresas colocam à disposição essas garantias oferecendo serviços que amparem as incubadoras. A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as percepções de gestores de incubadoras e incubadas sobre o processo de incubação. Foi realizada pesquisa de natureza qualitativa de caráter descritivo. A coleta de dados foi por meio de questionário semiestruturado respondidos por 4 gestores de incubadoras e 11 gestores de empresas incubadas. A análise de dados foi realizada de maneira interpretativa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que todas as incubadoras possuem gestão da performance, oferecem serviços base, técnicos, de gestão, estratégicos e realizam seleção de empresas. Os fatores percebidos pelas incubadoras que impactam na performance das incubadas são qualificação e network. As incubadas são empresas de tecnologia e estão há pouco tempo no processo de incubação, sendo que o motivo que levou a participação no processo é de usufruir do espaço alugado e de outros recursos. As incubadas citam que para que haja o sucesso nas ações com as universidades é necessário qualificação e network.
Um estudo bibliométrico da Estratégia do Oceano Azul
Authors: Cattaneo Felipe Ricardo Alencar , Souza Lieda Amaral , Nobrega Kleber Cavalcanti
Published: June 2019

As empresas buscam maior lucratividade, e para isso se diferenciar dos concorrentes e buscar mercados com menor ou nenhuma concorrência se torna fundamental para o sucesso empresarial, neste contexto surge a Estratégia do Oceano Azul, onde a sua proposta é o aumento do valor e a redução de custos gerando inovação de valor. Desta forma este artigo tem como objetivo elucidar a atual relevância do tema e esclarecer os conceitos para facilitar a compreensão da Estratégia do Oceano Azul, explorando suas definições, ferramentas e princípios, auxiliando a procura por inovação de valor e mercados inexplorados. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliométrica nos portais Scopus, Emerald, Anpad e Scholar.Google. Percebe-se que nos primeiros cinco anos da publicação do livro “A Estratégia do Oceano Azul: como criar novos mercados e tornar a concorrência irrelevante”, os resultados no Scholar.Google, apresentou a taxa média de crescimento de 53%, para a expressão em inglês de 2006 à 2010, com 2588 resultados e nos cinco anos posteriores, de 2011 à 2015 tivemos 4.213 resultados. No portal Anpad apenas 3 publicações. Na base Emerald 21 publicações. E no portal Scopus tivemos 115 publicações demonstrando que o tema é relevante, ainda apresentando crescimento em produções acadêmicas, se recomenda para desenvolvimento futuro a realização de pesquisas em outras bases e comparação do resultado avaliando-se outras estratégias.
Alinhamento entre planejamento estratégico e planejamento orçamentário em uma instituição pública federal de ensino
Authors: Silveira Nauana Gaivota , Martins Lais Karine Sardá , Lunkes Rogério João , Gasparetto Valdirene
Published: June 2019

O planejamento estratégico no setor público brasileiro teve maior ênfase com a Constituição Federal de 1988 ao integrar o Plano Plurianual, a Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias e a Lei Orçamentária Anual (Brasil, 1988). Deste modo, percebe-se que o planejamento e execução orçamentária estão atrelados às metas e objetivos traçados no Plano Plurianual. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar o alinhamento entre o planejamento estratégico e planejamento orçamentário na reitoria e nos campus de uma instituição pública federal de ensino. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como dedutiva, quali-quantitativa e descritiva. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, que tem por objeto o Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina (IFSC). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de análise documental, sendo foco de análise o Planejamento Estratégico, o Plano Anual de Trabalho (orçamento) e os documentos que orientam e regulamentam tais procedimentos, e aplicação de questionários com os Chefes de Departamento de Administração nos Campus e Diretor de Administração na Reitoria. Foram obtidas 21 respostas válidas (100%), recebidas entre os dias 16 a 29 de setembro de 2015. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do software Microsoft Excel 2010. Com base nos documentos analisados, constatou-se que há sintonia entre a previsão legal e a prática da organização e orientação para o alinhamento entre planejamento estratégico e planejamento orçamentário da instituição, com obrigatoriedade da vinculação dos projetos a serem desenvolvidos nos Câmpus diretamente a um dos objetivos estratégicos. Este alinhamento foi confirmado por meio das respostas dos Chefes de Administração ao questionário. Assim, pode-se concluir que existe alinhamento entre o planejamento estratégico e o planejamento orçamentário da instituição e que há intenção da gestão em reforçar este alinhamento e torná-lo cada vez mais efetivo.
Políticas habitacionais e a implementação do programa minha casa minha vida no brasil: análise bibliométrica da produção acadêmica sobre o período de 2011 a 2015
Authors: Da Silva Fabio Marques
Published: June 2019

Mesmo que a pesquisa possa esbarrar em resultados não planejados, a mesma deve ser socializada de modo que contribua com a construção e geração de conhecimento. De acordo com Luna (2002), espera-se que a pesquisa tenha início com um problema cuja a resposta não se encontre de imediato na literatura. Contudo, para que o pesquisador não caia em um reducionismo, se faz necessário conhecer e sobretudo, compreender o que já foi construído de conhecimento no campo a ser explorado, e assim evitar repisar no que muitos já disseram, e também contribuir para a construção de uma base teórica que possa legitimar e orientar a pesquisa. Neste sentido, Marconi e Lakatos (2006) retratam que o levantamento de toda bibliografia já publicada, permite ao pesquisador a construção de meios para exploração de novas áreas. Partindo deste pressuposto, esse trabalho objetiva-se em atingir o estado da arte sobre o tema proposto, por meio de um levantamento e análise bibliométrica dos principais periódicos nacionais e internacionais de Administração além de dois eventos importantes, e por fim contribuir para elaboração e legitimação de investigações futuras.
Mercuric pollution of surface water, superficial sediments, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams (Dioscorea alata) in auriferous areas of Namukombe stream, Syanyonja, Busia- Uganda
Authors: Omara Timothy , Karungi Shakilah , Kalukusu Raymond , Nakabuye Brenda Victoria , Kagoya Sarah , Muasu Bashir
Published: June 2019

The mercuric content, pollution and contamination characteristics of water, sediments, edible muscles of a non-piscivorous fish (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams (Dioscorea alata) in mercury-based artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) impacted Namukombe stream and its propinquity, Busia gold district, Uganda were evaluated. Human health risk assessment from consumption of the fishes and yams as well as dermal contact with sediments from the stream were performed. Forty-eight (48) samples of water (12), sediments (12), fish (12), and yams (12) were taken at intervals of 0, 10, 20 and 30m from up, middle and down sluices of the stream and analyzed for total mercury (THg) using US EPA method 1631. Results showed that water in the stream is polluted with mercury (Hg) in the range of 0.00 to 1.21±0.070mg/L while sediments contain Hg up to 0.14±0.04ugg-1. THg content of the edible muscles of Oreochromis nilotica ranges from 0.00 to 0.11±0.010ugg-1 while yams contain 0.00 to 0.30±0.001ugg-1 of Hg. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranged from 0.0049 to 0.0183ugg-1day-1 and 0.020 to 0.073ugg-1day-1 for fish consumed by adults and children respectively. The corresponding health risk indices (HRIs) ranged from 0.0123 to 0.04576 and 0.05 to 0.183. EDIs were from 0.0042 to 0.1279ugg-1day-1 and 0.013 to 0.394ugg-1day-1 for yams consumed by adults and children respectively. The HRIs recorded were from 0.011 to 0.320 and to 0.033 to 0.985. All the mean THg contents of the investigated matrices were within acceptable WHO/US EPA limits except for water samples. Consumption of yams grown at 0m up sluice of Namukombe stream may pose deleterious health risks as reflected by the HRI of 0.985 being very close to 1.0. From pollution and risk assessments, Hg usage should be delimited in Syanyonja ASGM areas; solutions to abolish mercury based ASGM in the area ought to be sought at its soonest to avert the accentuating health, economic and ecological disaster arising from the continual discharge of Hg into the surrounding areas. Other safe gold recovery methods such as use of borax should be encouraged. Waste management system for contaminated wastewater, used Hg bottles and tailings should be centralized to enable Hg waste management in ASGM areas in Syanyonja.
Chinese as a Cultural Capital: The Case Study of Chinese Heritage Language Learners
Authors: Kurniawan Budi , Suprajitno Setefanus
Published: June 2019

Chinese language education in Indonesia is closely related to the social, political, and cultural dimensions of the country. The change of power in the country in 1998 affected the development of Chinese language. Since the ban imposed on Chinese language and culture since 1965 was lifted, there have been an increasing number of Chinese language schools. Under the theoretical frameworks of Gardner’s motivational orientations and Bourdieu’s cultural capital, this study explored varied motivations of Chinese Indonesians to learn Chinese, and how their perception of China influenced their efforts in learning the language. Data were obtained through focus group discussions and interviews. The findings showed that integrative and instrumental orientations were found among participants, but due to the learners’ social milieu, instrumentality of Chinese dominated their orientations. The instrumentality of Chinese and the positive perception of China worked together to make Chinese language as a cultural capital for these CHL learners.
Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” in the Light of Ecofeminism
Authors: Bazregarzadeh Elmira
Published: June 2019

Throughout historical decades the unfair system of life in patriarchal societies and the oppression of women by men have always been key concepts in the literature of the world that have given rise to hot topics of discussion among different nations, questioning the real motive behind such trends. Hence, by examining Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles” through the lens of Ecofeminism the present paper aims to show how it can be considered as an ecofeminist work of literature doing away with the notions that pertain to the oppression of women and Nature by men.
The Politics of Religion in Sisworo Gautama Putra’s and Joko Anwar’s Pengabdi Setan
Authors: Sutandio Anton
Published: June 2019

This research compares two films, the original Pengabdi Setan and its remake, in the context of politics of religion to show how the two films depict the issue of religion at two different eras based on the released years of the two films.  The display of religion in the two films is viewed as an allegorical representation as well as critical responses to the socio-political situation of the two eras.  Separated by almost four decades, Joko Anwar’s nostalgic remake and the original film subtly converse with each other, share distinctive similarities yet also polarized differences that underlie their endeavor to allegorically bring back and relive public memory of certain national trauma; that is repression during the New Order regime and marginalization of the minority in contemporary Indonesia.  By focusing on the films’ cinematography and mise-en-scene, this research attempts to locate those allegorical moments within the depiction of religious practice that challenge, criticize or accentuate the dominant ideology of their respective eras.

 

Keywords: allegorical moment, religion, national trauma, politicization
Tiger mother and her cubs on a stage:
Authors: Irawan Stefanny
Published: June 2019

Ever since the publication of Amy Chua’s memoir, Battle Hymn of The Tiger Mother, in 2011, Asian or Asian-heritage parenting has received more time under the limelight both in and out of the United States. More attention is given to the effects of that particular parenting style on the children’s academic achievement and wellbeing. Listen to Me (LTM), a play by Bernadeth Febyola Linando (2018) published as one of Petra Little Theatre’s New Play Development Series, indicates that the issue also hits a nerve among young contemporary Indonesian playwrights. This paper is interested in finding out how LTM portrays Tiger Mother parenting style and its impact on the children. Upon analyzing the play using the conceptual framework of parenting styles and their impacts, this paper argues that LTM displays a typical Tiger Mother parenting similar to Chua’s with a slight difference, and it shows mainly negative results of such parenting on the main character, and, on the side, some positive results on two other supporting characters.
The Survival of Faith in Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and “Matryona’s House”
Authors: Yulianto Wawan Eko
Published: June 2019

Faith is a vital element in the works of Nobel laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn, a Russian writer who experienced the notorious Gulag and difficultly in a strongly atheistic country. However, faith is never a simplistic topic for Solzhenitsyn, especially writing in a time when religion was officially shoved aside from the public discourse. In the light of a set of views on religion inferred from Terry Eagleton’s essay, this paper aims to explain the anomalous religiosity as seen in the narrators of Solzhenitsyn’s novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and short story “Matryona’s House.” According to the Eagleton’s model, there are three stages of religiosity, namely, 1) omission of religion’s otherworldly and pure ritualistic elements, 2) acceptance of mentally-empowering potentials of religion, and 3) internalization of the humanistic values of religion. The analysis concludes with a notion that One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and “Matryona’s House” represent an evolution of faith that has gone through a period of challenge. On a sidenote, the analysis also confirms the dialogic nature of Solzhenitsyn’s works, in which one topic is presented through contradictory voices.
A Universal Influenza Nanovaccine for “Mixing Vessel” Hosts Confers Potential Ability to Block Cross‐Species Transmission
Authors: Ding Peiyang , Jin Qianyue , Zhou Wen , Chai Yongxiao , Liu Xiao , Wang Yao , Chen Xinxin , Guo Junqing , Deng Ruiguang , Gao George F. , Zhang Gaiping
Published: July 2019

Influenza A virus (IAV), a deadly zoonotic pathogen, poses a tremendous threat and burden to global health systems. Pigs act as “mixing vessel” hosts to support and generate new pandemic viruses. Preventing the spread of IAV in pigs effectively can delay or even block cross‐species transmission. Universal vaccines based on the highly conserved ectodomain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) have been widely reported, but have not been applied due to inadequate protection. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes immunosuppression and promotes swine influenza virus (SIV) infection. Here, M2e is inserted into capsid protein of PCV2 without burying the neutralizing epitopes and self‐assembles to form a bivalent nanovaccine. Inoculation with the nanovaccine induces robust M2e‐ and PCV2‐specific immune responses. The nanovaccine confers protection against lethal challenges of IAV from different species in mice, and significantly reduces SIV titers in pigs' respiratory tract and blocks SIV transmission. These results indicate that the nanovaccine is an economical and promising PCV2 and universal IAV bivalent vaccine, and it will synergistically and powerfully offer potential ability to block IAV cross‐species reassortment and transmission.
Phase Transformation Contributions to Heat Capacity and Impact on Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Conductivity, and Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Agne Matthias T. , Voorhees Peter W. , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: July 2019

The accurate characterization of thermal conductivity κ, particularly at high temperature, is of paramount importance to many materials, thermoelectrics in particular. The ease and access of thermal diffusivityDmeasurements allows for the calculation of κ when the volumetric heat capacity,ρcp, of the material is known. However, in the relation κ =ρcpD, there is some confusion as to what value ofcpshould be used in materials undergoing phase transformations. Herein, it is demonstrated that the Dulong–Petit estimate ofcpat high temperature is not appropriate for materials having phase transformations with kinetic timescales relevant to thermal transport. In these materials, there is an additional capacity to store heat in the material through the enthalpy of transformation ΔH. This can be described using a generalized model for the total heat capacity for a materialwhere φ is an order parameter that describes how much latent heat responds “instantly” to temperature changes. Here,Cpφis the intrinsic heat capacity (e.g., approximately the Dulong–Petit heat capacity at high temperature). It is shown experimentally in Zn4Sb3that the decrease inDthrough the phase transition at 250 K is fully accounted for by the increase in cp, while κ changes smoothly through the phase transition. Consequently, reports of κ dropping near phase transitions in widely studied materials such as PbTe and SnSe have likely overlooked the effects of excess heat capacity and overestimated the thermoelectric efficiency,zT.
Corrosion Motivated ROS Generation Helps Endow Titanium with Broad‐Spectrum Antibacterial Abilities
Authors: Wang Donghui , Li Qianwen , Qiu Jiajun , Zhang Xianming , Ge Naijian , Liu Xuanyong
Published: July 2019

Materials that spontaneously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) possess various industrial applications, such as organocatalysis, wastewater, and waste gas government. Given that bacteria, especially the more resistant Gram‐negative (Gram‐) species, are sensitive to ROS, endowing biomaterials with ROS producing abilities may be a useful strategy to fight against bacteria. Herein a minocycline‐loaded Mg–Fe layered double hydroxides film is constructed on the surface of biomedical titanium. The prepared films possess excellent ROS generating capabilities driven by the corrosion process of titanium, which can continuously release hydroxyl radicals without external stimuli. Both Gram‐positive (Gram+) Staphylococcus aureus and (Gram‐) Escherichia coli cells can be killed by the constructed platform under the synergistic effect of the released minocycline and ROS. Besides, the in vitro cell culture assay reveals good cytocompatibility of the as‐prepared films.
Juvenile cystic adenomyosis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Deblaere Lieselot , Froyman Wouter , Van den Bosch Thierry , Van Rompuy Anne‐Sophie , Kaijser Jeroen , Deprest Jan , Timmerman Dirk
Published: July 2019

This report describes a case of a uterine cystic myometrial lesion in a 16‐year‐old adolescent girl presenting with pelvic pain and severe progressively worsening dysmenorrhoea. Patient’s symptoms, ultrasound and MRI were suggestive of juvenile cystic adenomyosis (JCA). Medical treatment and alcohol sclerotherapy had a moderate and transient effect. The symptoms rapidly recurred, and the lesion was successfully excised via laparoscopic surgery. The treatment of JCA depends on patient’s age, the symptoms’ severity and the cyst location. Although rare, juvenile cystic adenomyosis should be considered in young women with severe dysmenorrhoea.
Mechanically Initiated Bulk‐Scale Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ayarza Jorge , Esser‐Kahn Aaron P.
Published: July 2019

Mechanical initiation of polymerization offers the chance to generate polymers in new environments using an energy source with unique capabilities. Recently, a renewed interest in mechanically controlled polymerization has yielded many techniques for controlled radical polymerization by ultrasound. However, other types of polymerizations induced by mechanical activation are rare, especially for generating high‐molecular‐weight polymers. Herein is an example of using piezoelectric ZnO nanoparticles to generate free‐radical species that initiate chain‐growth polymerization and polymer crosslinking. The fast generation of high amounts of reactive radicals enable the formation of polymer/gel by ultrasound activation. This chemistry can be used to harness mechanical energy for constructive purposes in polymeric materials and for controlled polymerizations for bulk‐scale reactions.
The Energetic Significance of Metallophilic Interactions
Authors: Zheng Qingshu , Borsley Stefan , Nichol Gary S. , Duarte Fernanda , Cockroft Scott L.
Published: July 2019

Metallophilic interactions are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in molecular assembly, catalysis, and bio‐imaging. However, present knowledge of these interactions is largely derived from solid‐state structures and gas‐phase computational studies rather than quantitative experimental measurements. Here, we have experimentally quantified the role of aurophilic (AuI⋅⋅⋅AuI), platinophilic (PtII⋅⋅⋅PtII), palladophilic (PdII⋅⋅⋅PdII), and nickelophilic (NiII⋅⋅⋅NiII) interactions in self‐association and ligand‐exchange processes. All of these metallophilic interactions were found to be too weak to be well‐expressed in several solvents. Computational energy decomposition analyses supported the experimental finding that metallophilic interactions are overall weak, meaning that favorable dispersion and orbital hybridization contributions from M⋅⋅⋅M binding are largely outcompeted by electrostatic or dispersion interactions involving ligand or solvent molecules. This combined experimental and computational study provides a general understanding of metallophilic interactions and indicates that great care must be taken to avoid over‐attributing the energetic significance of metallophilic interactions.
From a Binary to a Quaternary Cocrystal: An Unusual Supramolecular Synthon
Authors: Paul Mithun , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: July 2019

Formation of a stoichiometric quaternary cocrystal consisting of resorcinol (RES), tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), phenazine (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) is described. A closed tetrameric resorcinol‐heterocycle synthon, unusual in that it has two different linker bases rather than just one, is observed in this four‐component solid. The tetrameric synthon is formed by two RES molecules and the two pyridine bases TMP and PHE. The stoichiometric quaternary cocrystal grows in an epitaxial fashion on the surfaces of a RES.PHE binary cocrystal which is initially obtained from the mother liquor. By indexing the common crystal faces of the binary and quaternary cocrystals, and noting that no ternary solid is obtained, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of this rare supramolecular architecture.
The First Study on the Reactivity of Water Vapor in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Platinum Nanocrystals
Authors: Ogiwara Naoki , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Concepción Patricia , Rey Fernando , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

We first studied the reactivity of H2O vapor in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with Pt nanocrystals (NCs) through the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction. A water‐stable MOF, UiO‐66, serves as a highly effective support material for the WGS reaction compared with ZrO2. The origin of the high catalytic performance was investigated using in situ IR spectroscopy. In addition, from a comparison of the catalytic activities of Pt on UiO‐66, where Pt NCs are located on the surface of UiO‐66 and Pt@UiO‐66, where Pt NCs are coated with UiO‐66, we found that the competitive effects of H2O condensation and diffusion in the UiO‐66 play important roles in the catalytic activity of Pt NCs. A thinner UiO‐66 coating further enhanced the WGS reaction activity of Pt NCs by minimizing the negative effect of slow H2O diffusion in UiO‐66.
Purely Organic Crystals Exhibit Bright Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Cai Xinyi , Qiao Zhenyang , Li Mengke , Wu Xiao , He Yanmei , Jiang Xiaofang , Cao Yong , Su Shi‐Jian
Published: July 2019

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials generally suffer from severe concentration quenching. Efficient non‐doped TADF emitters are generally highly twisted aromatic amine‐based compounds with isolated chemical moieties. Herein we demonstrate that co‐facial packing and strong π–π intermolecular interactions give rise to bright TADF emissions in non‐doped film and crystalline states within the compound 2,4‐diphenyl‐6‐(thianthren‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (oTE‐DRZ). Quantum chemistry simulations indicate that a disperse outer orbital of sulfur atoms, a folded thianthrene plane (for a reduced donor–acceptor distance), and a triazine acceptor with n–π* character, generate a spatially conjugated transition with a small singlet–triplet splitting energy. In company with a highly emissive non‐doped film, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diode achieved a 20.6 % external quantum efficiency, verifying its potential for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. In a crystalline state, it was verified that intra‐ and intermolecular dual TADF assisted by a hidden room‐temperature phosphorescent state. This state could preserve the long‐lived excitons while suppressing non‐radiation, and it could serve as a “spring‐board” for cascade up‐conversion processes. The oTE‐DRZ crystal showed greenish‐blue emission with a very high photoluminescent quantum yield of approximately 87 %, which is the highest among all TADF crystals reported to date.
Ultraschallaktivierte Sensibilisatoren
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Song Jibin , Chen Xiaoyuan , Yang Huanghao
Published: July 2019

Durch Licht ausgelöste Verfahren in der Krebstherapie sind üblicherweise durch ihre geringe Penetrationstiefe limitiert. Die Sonotheranostika, insbesondere die sonodynamische Therapie (SDT), die sich von der photodynamischen Therapie (PDT) unterscheidet und hoch penetrierende Schallwellen zur Aktivierung einer Klasse von schallresponsiven Materialien verwendet, die als Sonosensibilisatoren bezeichnet werden, hat in den letzten Jahren an erheblichem Interesse gewonnen. Der Effekt der SDT hängt eng mit den strukturellen und physikochemischen Eigenschaften der Sonosensibilisatoren zusammen, was die Entwicklung von neuen schallaktivierbaren Materialien als Sonosensibilisatoren für diverse biomedizinische Anwendungen erforderlich gemacht hat. Dieser Aufsatz enthält eine Zusammenfassung und Diskussion der neuartigen Typen von Sonosensibilisatoren, die in den letzten Jahren entwickelt wurden. Anwendungen von Sonosensibilisatoren mit vielfältigen Funktionen wie Bildgebung, Wirkstofftransport und die Kombination mit anderen Behandlungsmethoden sollten neue Strategien für die Krankheitstherapie zur Verfügung stellen.
Atomically Dispersed Semimetallic Selenium on Porous Carbon Membrane as an Electrode for Hydrazine Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Tongzhou , Wang Qiang , Wang Yucheng , Da Yunli , Zhou Wu , Shao Yue , Li Debao , Zhan Sihui , Yuan Jiayin , Wang Hong
Published: July 2019

Electrochemically functional porous membranes of low cost are appealing in various electrochemical devices used in modern environmental and energy technologies. Herein we describe a scalable strategy to construct electrochemically active, hierarchically porous carbon membranes containing atomically dispersed semi‐metallic Se, denoted SeNCM. The isolated Se atoms were stabilized by carbon atoms in the form of a hexatomic ring structure, in which the Se atoms were located at the edges of graphitic domains in SeNCM. This configuration is different from that of previously reported transition/noble metal single atom catalysts. The positively charged Se, enlarged graphitic layers, robust electrochemical nature of SeNCM endow them with excellent catalytic activity that is superior to state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also has long‐term operational stability for hydrazine oxidation reaction in practical hydrazine fuel cell.
ATP‐Mediated Transient Behavior of Stomatocyte Nanosystems
Authors: Che Hailong , Zhu Jianzhi , Song Shidong , Mason Alexander F. , Cao Shoupeng , Pijpers Imke A. B. , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: July 2019

In nature, dynamic processes are ubiquitous and often characterized by adaptive, transient behavior. Herein, we present the development of a transient bowl‐shaped nanoreactor system, or stomatocyte, the properties of which are mediated by molecular interactions. In a stepwise fashion, we couple motility to a dynamic process, which is maintained by transient events; namely, binding and unbinding of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The surface of the nanosystem is decorated with polylysine (PLL), and regulation is achieved by addition of ATP. The dynamic interaction between PLL and ATP leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the PLL–ATP complex and subsequently to a collapse of the polymer; this causes a narrowing of the opening of the stomatocytes. The presence of the apyrase, which hydrolyzes ATP, leads to a decrease of the ATP concentration, decomplexation of PLL, and reopening of the stomatocyte. The competition between ATP input and consumption gives rise to a transient state that is controlled by the out‐of‐equilibrium process.
Elucidating Molecule–Plasmon Interactions in Nanocavities with 2 nm Spatial Resolution and at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Zhang Fan‐Li , Yi Jun , Peng Wei , Radjenovic Petar M. , Zhang Hua , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: July 2019

The fundamental understanding of the subtle interactions between molecules and plasmons is of great significance for the development of plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopy (PES) techniques with ultrahigh sensitivity. However, this information has been elusive due to the complex mechanisms and difficulty in reliably constructing and precisely controlling interactions in well‐defined plasmonic systems. Herein, the interactions in plasmonic nanocavities of film‐coupled metallic nanocubes (NCs) are investigated. Through engineering the spacer layer, molecule–plasmon interactions were precisely controlled and resolved within 2 nm. Efficient energy exchange interactions between the NCs and the surface within the 1–2 nm range are demonstrated. Additionally, optical dressed molecular excited states with a huge Lamb shift of ≈7 meV at the single‐molecule (SM) level were observed. This work provides a basis for understanding the underlying molecule–plasmon interaction, paving the way for fully manipulating light–matter interactions at the nanoscale.
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of early versus delayed cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis
Authors: Moody N , Adiamah A , Yanni F , Gomez D
Published: July 2019

Background

Gallstones account for 30–50 per cent of all presentations of acute pancreatitis. While the management of acute pancreatitis is usually supportive, definitive treatment of gallstone pancreatitis is cholecystectomy. Guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology suggest definitive treatment on index admission or within 2 weeks of discharge, whereas joint recommendations from the International Association of Pancreatology and the American Pancreatic Association recommend definitive treatment on index admission. Evidence suggests that uptake of these guidelines is low.

Methods

Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs investigating early versus delayed cholecystectomy in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of mild gallstone pancreatitis. The pooled synthesis was undertaken using a random-effects meta-analysis of the primary outcome of recurrent biliary complications causing hospital readmission. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and postoperative complications, and total length of hospital stay (LOS). All analyses were performed using RevMan5 software.

Results

Five RCTs were identified, which included 629 patients (318 in the early cholecystectomy (EC) group and 311 in the delayed cholecystectomy (DC) group). Recurrent biliary events that required readmission were reduced in patients undergoing EC compared with the number in patients having DC (odds ratio (OR) 0·17, 95 per cent c.i. 0·09 to 0·33). There was no difference in the rate of intraoperative (OR 0·58, 0·17 to 1·92) or postoperative (OR 0·78, 0·38 to 1·62) complications.

Conclusion

EC following mild gallstone pancreatitis does not increase the risk of intraoperative or postoperative complications, but reduces the readmission rate for recurrent biliary complications.
Do board sustainability committees contribute to corporate environmental and social performance? The mediating role of corporate social responsibility strategy
Authors: Orazalin Nurlan
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of board sustainability committees on environmental and social performance and to examine the mediating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy on the relationship between the presence of board sustainability committees and corporate sustainability performance. Using data of U.K. listed firms for the period of 2009–2016, the study employs panel regression analysis and bootstrapping techniques to test study hypotheses. The results suggest that the presence of a sustainability committee improves the effectiveness of CSR strategies. The results also indicate that firms with effective CSR strategies exhibit better environmental and social performance. Further, the empirical results show that the effectiveness of CSR strategy explains the positive relationship between board sustainability committees and corporate environmental and social performance, thus supporting the theoretical framework of the study. The findings of the study shed new light on this research direction and could be of interest to board members, managers, practitioners, investors, policy makers, and regulators that plan to promote sustainability practices and strategies needed for sustainable development.
A Reaction‐Induced Localization of Spin Density Enables Thermal C−H Bond Activation of Methane by Pristine FeC4+
Authors: Geng Caiyun , Li Jilai , Weiske Thomas , Schwarz Helmut
Published: July 2019

The reactivity of the cationic metal‐carbon cluster FeC4+ towards methane has been studied experimentally using Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and computationally by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. At room temperature, FeC4H+ is formed as the main ionic product, and the experimental findings are substantiated by labeling experiments. According to extensive quantum chemical calculations, the C−H bond activation step proceeds through a radical‐based hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. This finding is quite unexpected because the initial spin density at the terminal carbon atom of FeC4+, which serves as the hydrogen acceptor site, is low. However, in the course of forming an encounter complex, an electron from the doubly occupied sp‐orbital of the terminal carbon atom of FeC4+ migrates to the singly occupied π*‐orbital; the latter is delocalized over the entire carbon chain. Thus, a highly localized spin density is generated in situ at the terminal carbon atom. Consequently, homolytic C−H bond activation occurs without the obligation to pay a considerable energy penalty that is usually required for HAT involving closed‐shell acceptor sites. The mechanistic insights provided by this combined experimental/computational study extend the understanding of methane activation by transition‐metal carbides and add a new facet to the dizzying mechanistic landscape of hydrogen‐atom transfer.