bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of pectin methylesterase by immobilized trypsins from cunner fish and bovine pancreas
Authors: Li Dan , Matos Madyu , Simpson Benjamin K.
Published: April 2013

Immobilized cunner fish trypsin was used to inactivate pectin methylesterase (PME). The effects of different reaction conditions (e.g., incubation time, PME concentration, and temperature) on PME inactivation and kinetics of inactivation were investigated. Temperature, incubation time, and PME concentration significantly affected the extent of PME inactivation. Generally, higher temperature, longer incubation time, and low PME concentration caused more PME inactivation. The immobilized fish trypsin had higher capacity to inactivate PME than immobilized bovine trypsin. The inactivation efficiency of the immobilized fish trypsin was about 20% higher than that of its bovine counterpart. However, PME inactivated by both trypsins regained partial activity during storage at 4°C, with immobilized fish trypsin–treated PME regaining more of its original activity than the immobilized bovine trypsin–treated PME. Heat‐denatured PME was hydrolyzed more extensively by immobilized fish trypsin than by its bovine counterpart. The rate constants increased, whereas the D‐values decreased with temperature for both immobilized fish and bovine trypsins. The inactivation rate constants of immobilized fish trypsin at all the temperatures investigated (i.e., 15–35°C) were higher than those of immobilized bovine trypsin. Furthermore, the activation energy (Ea) of PME inactivation by immobilized fish trypsin was lower than that of immobilized bovine trypsin.
Effect of immobilized polygalacturonase from Mucor circinelloidesITCC‐6025 on wine fermentation
Authors: Sharma Sakshi , Hiteshi Kalpana , Gupta Reena
Published: April 2013

Pectinases are among the most widely distributed enzymes in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Almost all the commercial preparations of pectinases are produced from fungal sources. Mucor circinelloides ITCC‐6025 produced polygalacturonase when grown in Riviere's medium containing pectin (methyl ester) as the sole source of carbon. Immobilization of purified polygalacturonase was done on silica gel with 86% efficiency. The enzyme took 60 Min to bind maximally on the support. The immobilized enzyme showed maximum activity at a temperature of 45°C (4.57 U/mg) and pH 5.4. The immobilized enzyme was reused for four cycles as it retained almost 55% of its activity. The immobilized enzyme treatment increased the formation of higher alcohols and phenolics during the course of wine formation from apple and plum juices, whereas there was a decrease in the amount of carbohydrates. The enzyme treatment also resulted in clarification of wine; there was an increase in transmittance at 650 nm (201.78% in the case of apple wine and 223.4% in the case of plum wine) as compared to the control (untreated wine).
Case Study: An accelerated 8‐day monoclonal antibody production process based on high seeding densities
Authors: Padawer Ishai , Ling Wai Lam W. , Bai Yunling
Published: April 2013

This study describes the development work to shorten the monoclonal antibody (mAb) production time in CHO cell cultures from 14 days to 8 days without impacting mAb titer or product quality. The proposed process increases cell inoculation densities up to 25× higher than a typical seeding density in the final production bioreactor, with the implementation of an ATF™ perfusion system in the N − 1 stage. Similar antibody titer and N‐glycosylation profiles were reached in 8 days using the 25× seed condition, as in 14 days using the 1× seed condition. Acidic variants in the 25× seed condition were 12–20% lower than the 1× seed condition. These results indicate that an accelerated 8‐day antibody production process utilizing a 25× seeding strategy has the potential of achieving similar product quality and titer as the 1× seeding condition in a 14‐day production process. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:829–832, 2013
The evaluation of violent thinking in adult offenders and non‐offenders using the Maudsley Violence Questionnaire
Authors: Walker Julian , Bowes Nicola
Published: April 2013

Background

The Maudsley Violence Questionnaire (MVQ) was designed to measure explicit rules and beliefs associated with violence. Previous studies with young people and offenders with mental disorder found the MVQ to be a valid and reliable measure of violent thinking.

Aims

This study explores the use of the MVQ with a ‘normal’ (non‐offender) population and an offender population without mental illness in order to evaluate how the MVQ's subscales related to violence within these groups.

Method

The MVQ was given to 78 adult male participants along with a measure of self‐reported violence; demographic information and criminal history were also recorded. Thirty‐five of the participants were convicted adult male offenders resident of an adult male closed prison in South Wales; 43 were volunteers from the staff group in the same prison. The MVQ factors were compared with self‐reported violence and with officially recorded violent convictions.

Results

Although both subscales of the MVQ related to self‐reported violence, ‘Machismo’ showed a stronger relationship to both self‐reported and officially recorded violence.

Conclusions

Violent thinking, specifically beliefs measured by the Machismo subscale of the MVQ, was robustly associated with self‐reported and officially recorded violence in this study with offender and non‐offender adults.

Implications

The MVQ is a valid and feasible measure for use with adult populations.

Violent thinking (specifically Machismo thinking styles) should be included in the assessments of violent offenders.

Work on violent thinking and reducing ‘macho’ thinking could be a useful adjunct to anger management work with violent offenders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of self‐control and self‐esteem and the impact of early risk factors among violent offenders
Authors: Woessner Gunda , Schneider Stephanie
Published: April 2013

Background

Research on the role of self‐esteem and self‐control among violent offenders has so far yielded inconsistent findings. Certain factors, such as an adverse upbringing, foster development of delinquent behaviour, but it is less clear how this is mediated. Little is known about the interrelationship between self‐control and self‐esteem or factors that influence them.

Aim and hypothesis

This study aimed to examine the relevance of self‐esteem and self‐control as distinct characteristics of violent offenders, and of their interrelationship with biographical risk factors for violence.

Method

Data were obtained from interviews and psychological testing with 101 incarcerated violent male offenders.

Results

These violent men showed higher body‐related self‐esteem compared with a general population sample. There were no offence‐specific differences for self‐control. Self‐esteem was associated with self‐control on binary testing, but, when entered into a regression analysis with attention and cognitive factors together with established early childhood risk factors, only the variable ‘family problems’ was independently related to self‐control.

Conclusion

The findings stress the complex interrelation between self‐control, self‐esteem and early childhood risk factors for antisocial behaviour. The combination of low social self‐esteem, high body‐related self‐esteem and history of parenting problems characterising the violent offenders raises testable questions about whether high body‐related self‐esteem and violence are means of compensating for low social self‐esteem with origins in parental neglect, inconsistent or harsh discipline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Chiral Ligands with Multiple Stereogenic Centers and Their Application in Titanium(IV)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Epoxides
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Ghosh Debashis , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: April 2013

New chiral ligands, (S,R,S)‐1, (S,S,S)‐1, (S,S,R)‐1, (S,R,R)‐1, (R,R,R)‐1, (R,R,S)‐1, (R,S,S)‐1, (R,S,R)‐1, (S,R,S)‐2, (S,S)‐3 and (R,S)‐4 with diverse stereogenic centers arising from various diastereomeric combinations of aminoalcohol functionality with (R)‐ and (S)‐1,1‐binaphthol, were prepared and characterized. Catalytically active Ti complexes were generated in situ in the presence of water for the enantioselective ring‐opening reaction of meso‐stilbene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, cyclopentene oxide, and cis‐butene oxide with different anilines as nucleophile. Significantly, catalysts Ti‐(S,R,S)‐1 and Ti‐(R,S,S)‐1 (15 mol %) produced syn‐beta‐amino alcohols of meso‐stilbene oxide with (1S,2S) and (1R,2R) configuration respectively in excellent yields (>98 %) and enantioselectivities (ee value >99 %) in 10 h at room temperature. However, aliphatic/cyclic epoxides with aniline gave better performance with the catalyst Ti‐(S,R,R)‐1. The complex Ti‐(S,R,S)‐1 was successfully subjected to catalyst recovery and recyclability experiments over 6 cycles in the asymmetric ring‐opening of meso‐stilbene oxide with aniline with retention of performance.
New Chiral Zwitterionic Phosphorus Heterocycles: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Application as Chiral Solvating Agents
Authors: Sheshenev Andrey E. , Boltukhina Ekaterina V. , Grishina Anastasiya A. , Cisařova Ivana , Lyapkalo Ilya M. , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: April 2013

A family of new chiral zwitterionic phosphorus‐containing heterocycles (zPHC) have been derived from methylene‐bridged bis(imidazolines). These structures were unambiguously determined, including single‐crystal XRD analysis for two compounds. The stability, acid/base and electronic properties of these dipolar phosphorus heterocycles were subsequently investigated. zPHCs can be successfully employed as a new class of chiral solvating agents for the enantiodifferentiation of chiral carboxylic and sulfonic acids by NMR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry and binding constants for the donor–acceptor complexes formed were established by NMR titration methods.
Rapid Synthesis of an Aluminum‐Rich MSE‐Type Zeolite by the Hydrothermal Conversion of an FAU‐Type Zeolite
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Tsuboi Yasuyuki , Nishita Yuji , Syahylah Tuan , Wakihara Toru , Kubota Yoshihiro
Published: April 2013

An aluminum‐rich MSE‐type zeolite (Si/Al is as small as 7) has been successfully synthesized in a remarkably short crystallization period of only 3 days by the hydrothermal conversion of an FAU‐type zeolite, presumably by the assembly of four‐membered‐ring (4‐R) aluminosilicate oligomers supplied by the double 6‐R (D6R) components of the FAU framework with the aid of the structure‐directing agents and seed crystals. The dealuminated version of the aluminum‐rich MSE‐type zeolite showed a high level of coke durability in addition to a significant yield of propylene, which indicates that this novel zeolitic material is suitable for industrial applications as a highly selective and long‐lived catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic, Thermal, and Transport Properties of Single‐Crystalline U3Fe4Ge4.
Authors: Henriques M. S. , Gorbunov D. I. , Waerenborgh J. C. , Havela L. , Andreev A. V. , Skourski Y. , Goncalves A. P.
Published: April 2013

U3Fe4Ge4 single crystals are grown from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements by the Czochralski method.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalysts for the Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols.
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Kon Kenichi , Seto Mayumi , Shimura Katsuya , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Kondo Junko N.
Published: April 2013

A Co/TiO2 catalyst shows high activity in the dehydrogenation of various secondary alcohols (I) and (III) to afford the corresponding ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Homogeneous Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of C=C, C=O, and C=N Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Scott Brian L. , Hanson Susan K.
Published: April 2013

It is found that the Co complex (COC) efficiently promotes the hydrogenation of alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, and imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Based Redox Catalysis in the Direct Traceless Staudinger Ligation of Carboxylic Acids and Azides.
Authors: Kosal Andrew D. , Wilson Erin E. , Ashfeld Brandon L.
Published: April 2013

The PhSiH3/PPh3‐mediated coupling of carboxylic acids and azides provides a straightforward and efficient approach to a number of carboxylic amides and peptides without isolation problems.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Scope of Donor/Acceptor Carbenes to N‐Phthalimido Donor Groups: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Cyclopropane α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Alford Joshua S. , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: April 2013

Reaction of phthalimidotriazole precursor (I), which is obtained from phthalimide, trimethylsilylacetylene, and mesyl azide with different alkenes followed by silica gel induced hydrolysis, results in a highly diastereoselective synthesis of the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Difluoromethylation of (Hetero)aryl Iodides and β‐Styryl Halides with Tributyl(difluoromethyl)stannane.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Ganesh Somesh K. , Jones John‐Paul , Kulkarni Aditya , Masood Kamil , Swabeck Joseph K. , Olah George A.
Published: April 2013

Ca‐mediated treatment of Bu3SnH with TmsCF3 allows an efficient access to the title stannane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Dihydroxylation with Malonoyl Peroxides: Catalysis Using Fluorinated Alcohols.
Authors: Picon Sylvain , Rawling Michael , Campbell Matthew , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: April 2013

A practical two‐step one‐pot procedure is developed for the reaction of alkenes with cyclopropyl malonyl peroxide and subsequent hydrolysis to give syn‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted One‐Step Synthesis of Acetophenones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Arylation of Vinyloxytrimethylsilane.
Authors: Qian Wangke , Zhang Lei , Sun Haifeng , Jiang Hualiang , Liu Hong
Published: April 2013

Employing vinyloxytrimethylsilane (II) as a novel acylation reagent in the Heck arylation generates acetophenones in good to high yields from aryl iodides under microwave irradiation in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Copper‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Benzyl Phenyl Ketones with Aryl Iodides: Route Towards Tamoxifen.
Authors: Danoun Gregory , Tlili Anis , Monnier Florian , Taillefer Marc
Published: April 2013

This is the first efficient α‐arylation of non‐activated deoxybenzoin derivatives with simple aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution with an Acyl Anion Equivalent: Stereospecific Construction of Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Evans P. Andrew , Oliver Samuel , Chae Jungha
Published: April 2013

This allylic substitution of tertiary allylic carbonates proceeds with high regioselectivity yielding products with quarternary stereocenters while circumventing the problems of conventional enolate alkylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluation of Some Chalcone Based Sulfones and Bisulfones.
Authors: Konduru Naveen Kumar , Dey Sunita , Sajid Mohammad , Owais Mohammad , Ahmed Naseem
Published: April 2013

Derivatives (IVb, c) and (VIIb, c) exhibit excellent anti‐fungal activity against C.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenanthrene Synthesis by Eosin Y‐Catalyzed, Visible Light‐Induced [4 + 2] Benzannulation of Biaryldiazonium Salts with Alkynes.
Authors: Xiao Tiebo , Dong Xichang , Tang Yanchi , Zhou Lei
Published: April 2013

The metal‐free, visible light‐induced benzannulation of biaryldiazonium salts with alkynes affords a variety of 9‐substituted or 9,10‐disubstituted phenanthrenes via a cascade radical addition and cyclization sequence in the presence of eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Indanone Carboxylates to Vinyl Selenone for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Polycyclic Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Sternativo Silvia , Walczak Ola , Battistelli Benedetta , Testaferri Lorenzo , Marini Francesca
Published: April 2013

Quinidine‐catalyzed reaction of indanone carboxylates with vinyl selenone followed by azidation, cyclization, and reduction allows a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective access to indenopyrrolidines like (VI) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Mediated Friedel—Crafts Hydroarylation with Electrophilic N‐Acetyl Indoles for the Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines.
Authors: Beaud Rodolphe , Guillot Regis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume
Published: April 2013

This provides an efficient access towards chromenoindolines and benzofuroindolines, a unique motif in diazonamide, bipleiophylline and azonazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution of Two Fluorine Atoms in a Trifluoromethyl Group: Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Fluoropyrazoles.
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Takahashi Masaki , Ichikawa Junji
Published: April 2013

Base‐mediated treatment of 2‐trifluoromethylalkenes with the hydrazines (II) and (IX) results in formation of 1,1‐difluoroalkenes like (III) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Benzynes with Diazocarbonyl Species via a Postulated (1H‐Indazol‐1‐yl)silver Intermediate.
Authors: Wang Chiou‐Dong , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: April 2013

This method yields substituted indazoles with good chemoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/BF3·Et2O Cocatalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenative Reactions of Ketones with Benzylamines: Facile Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Cai Zhong‐Jian , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: April 2013

Highly substituted imidazoles are synthesized in one step under mild aerobic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Hetaryl‐Azoles Derivatives Obtained from 2‐Aryl‐4‐methylthiazol‐5‐carbohydrazides and Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide.
Authors: Tiperciuc Brindusa , Zaharia Valentin , Colosi Ioana , Moldovan Cristina , Crisan Ovidiu , Pirnau Adrian , Vlase Laurian , Duma Mihaela , Oniga Ovidiu
Published: April 2013

Some of the synthesized compounds show good antibacterial activity against the Gram positive bacteria S.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free and Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Three‐Component Method Synthesis of Spiro‐2‐amino‐4H‐pyrans Derivatives.
Authors: Jin Shuai‐shuai , Guo Hong‐yun
Published: April 2013

The presented environmentally friendly procedure features some distinct advantages such as excellent selectivity, mild reaction conditions, and simple operationality.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb(OTf)3: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 11‐Aryl‐7H‐cyclopenta[b][4,7]phenanthrolin‐10(11H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Du Bai‐Xiang , Yin Ming‐Yue , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Li Yu‐Ling , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: April 2013

via three‐component reaction of various aromatic aldehydes (III), quinolin‐6‐amine (I), and cyclopentane‐1,3‐dione (II); (12 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Furo‐ or Thienoquinolines Through Sequential Imination and Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation.
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Doucet Henri
Published: April 2013

The two‐step one‐pot reaction proceeds via in situ generated N‐(2‐haloaryl)‐thiophene‐ or ‐furan imines to afford the corresponding thieno‐ [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C—H Arylation of Cyclopropanes: Efficient Access to Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Saget Tanguy , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2013

The reaction proceeds with catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol% and is well suited for gram‐scale reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Aromatic Azomethine Imines with Cyclopropanes Directed by π—π Stacking Interactions.
Authors: Zhou You‐Yun , Li Jun , Ling Lin , Liao Sai‐Hu , Sun Xiu‐Li , Li Yu‐Xue , Wang Li‐Jia , Tang Yong
Published: April 2013

This method can be used for the kinetic resolution of cyclopropane derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Assembly of Two 6‐Membered Fused N‐Heterocyclic Rings: A Rapid Access to Novel Small Molecules via Cu‐Mediated Reaction.
Authors: Adepu Raju , Sunke Rajnikanth , Meda Chandana L. T. , Rambabu D. , Krishna G. Rama , Reddy C. Malla , Deora Girdhar Singh , Parsa Kishore V. L , Pal Manojit
Published: April 2013

With a view to find novel inhibitors of phosphodiesterase‐4, a variety of fused tetra‐ and pentacyclic heterocycles is prepared by Cu‐mediated domino reaction of starting carboxylic esters with nitriles (36 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Novel Approach for the Synthesis of Substituted N‐Aryl Lactams.
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Chaturvedi Amit K. , Mishra Nisha , Mishra Virendra
Published: April 2013

The reaction proceeds through a Friedel‐Crafts process followed by a Schmidt rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylselanyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylates by Organocatalytic Cycloaddition of Azidophenyl Arylselenides with β‐Keto‐esters.
Authors: Seus Natalia , Goncalves Loren C. , Deobald Anna M. , Savegnago Lucielli , Alves Diego , Paixao Marcio W.
Published: April 2013

The title reaction allows a mild and efficient access to synthetically and biologically important selenium‐containing triazoles of type (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Melanogenesis‐Modulating Diketopiperazine Derivatives from Hypocrea spp.
Authors: Kawabata Tetsuro , Uchida Chiaki , Kato Hikaru , Tsubata Tomoyuki , Takano Fumihide , Ohta Tomihisa
Published: April 2013

Among a series of known compounds, a new dioxopiperazine, hypocreasin (I), is isolated from the fungus Hypocrea spp.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Spins as Spies to Explore the Structure of Materials
Authors: Babonneau Florence , Bonhomme Christian , Gervais Christel , Azais Thierry , Laurent Guillaume , Lafon Olivier , Montagne Lionel , Trebosc Julien , Delevoye Laurent , Tricot Gregory , et al. et al.
Published: April 2013

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: FMR Study of Magnetic Nanoparticles Embedded in Non‐magnetic Matrices
Authors: Guskos Niko , Typek Janusz , Zolnierkiewicz Grzegorz
Published: April 2013

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Actinide Chemistry in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Takao Koichiro , Bell Thomas James , Ikeda Yasuhisa
Published: April 2013

Review: emphasis on uranium; 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Better Photocatalysts Through Composition‐ and Structure‐Engineering
Authors: Zhang Dieqing , Li Guisheng , Li Hexing , Lu Yunfeng
Published: April 2013

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Azo and Azoxy Dyestuffs. Part 29. Three Different Mechanisms for Azo‐Ether Hydrolyses in Aqueous Acid
Authors: Cox Robin A. , Buncel Erwin
Published: April 2013

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sample Treatments Based on Ionic Liquids
Authors: Aguilera‐Herrador Eva , Lucena Rafael , Cardenas Soledad , Valcarcel Miguel
Published: April 2013

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Silacycles via Metal‐Mediated or ‐Catalyzed Si—C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wang LiLi , Duan Zheng
Published: April 2013

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Branched Peptides as Novel Tumor‐Targeting Agents for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Minervini Andrea , Siena Giampaolo , Falciani Chiara , Carini Marco , Bracci Luisa
Published: April 2013

Review: 18 refs.
Simplified kinetic model for steam reforming of ethanol on a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Wu Y.‐J. , Santos J.C. , Li Ping , Yu J.‐G. , Cunha A.F. , Rodrigues A.E.
Published: April 2013

Ethanol steam reforming is a promising method for hydrogen production. Kinetic studies are carried out over a nickel‐based catalyst from 200 to 600°C. A simplified Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) kinetic model was proposed with nine parameters, where the surface decomposition of methane is assumed as the rate determining step (RDS), and while all other reaction steps are set as reversible. It is postulated that the velocity of the backward reaction step of the dissociative methane adsorption is similar to all other equilibrium reactions proposed, while the forward reaction step is set as the RDS. In addition, the formation of adsorbed carbon species is excluded due to the fact that SRE experiments were performed with excess water, suggesting that OH species, excluding O species formation, stick better on active Ni surface than methane. In addition, a power law kinetic model was used for analysis; the activation energy was 31.8 kJ/mol, and the reaction order of ethanol pressure was 1.52. Experimental results were successfully demonstrated by both kinetic models. The purpose of this work was to develop a simplified mechanistic model to replace empirical models (power rate model) and other proposed kinetic models that are too complex for an applied kinetic process. It was found that the simplified LHHW kinetic model has a better fit than that of the power law model. The proposed kinetic model works well over a wide temperature range (200–600°C).
Drosophila melanogaster muscle LIM protein and alpha‐actinin function together to stabilize muscle cytoarchitecture: A potential role for Mlp84B in actin‐crosslinking
Authors: Clark Kathleen A. , Kadrmas Julie L.
Published: April 2013

Stabilization of tissue architecture during development and growth is essential to maintain structural integrity. Because of its contractile nature, muscle is especially susceptible to physiological stresses, and has multiple mechanisms to maintain structural integrity. The Drosophila melanogaster Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), Mlp84B, participates in muscle maintenance, yet its precise mechanism of action is still controversial. Through a candidate approach, we identified α‐actinin as a protein that functions with Mlp84B to ensure muscle integrity. α‐actinin RNAi animals die primarily as pupae, and Mlp84B RNAi animals are adult viable. RNAi knockdown of Mlp84B and α‐actinin together produces synergistic early larval lethality and destabilization of Z‐line structures. We recapitulated these phenotypes using combinations of traditional loss‐of‐function alleles and single‐gene RNAi. We observe that Mlp84B induces the formation of actin loops in muscle cell nuclei in the absence of nuclear α‐actinin, suggesting Mlp84B has intrinsic actin cross‐linking activity, which may complement α‐actinin cross‐linking activity at sites of actin filament anchorage. These results reveal a molecular mechanism for MLP stabilization of muscle and implicate reduced actin crosslinking as the primary destabilizing defect in MLP‐associated cardiomyopathies. Our data support a model in which α‐actinin and Mlp84B have important and overlapping functions at sites of actin filament anchorage to preserve muscle structure and function. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myosin 16 levels fluctuate during the cell cycle and are downregulated in response to DNA replication stress
Authors: Cameron Richard S. , Liu Changdan , Pihkala Jeanene P. S.
Published: April 2013

Myosins comprise a highly conserved superfamily of eukaryotic actin‐dependent motor proteins implicated in a large repertoire of functions in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Class XVI myosin, MYO16, reveals expression in most somatic as well as meiotic cells with prominent localization in the nucleus, excepting the nucleolus; however, the role(s) of Myo16 in the nucleus remain unknown. In this report, we investigated Myo16 abundance during transit through the cell cycle. Immunolocalization, immunoblot, flow cytometric and quantitative RT‐PCR studies performed in Rat2 cells indicate that Myo16 mRNA and protein abundance are cell cycle regulated: in the unperturbed cell cycle, each rises to peak levels in late G1 and thereon through S‐phase and each decays as cells enter M‐phase. Notably, RNA interference‐induced Myo16 depletion results in altered cell cycle distribution as well as in large‐scale cell death. In response to DNA replication stress (impaired replication fork progression as a consequence of DNA damage, lack of sufficient deoxynucleotides, or inhibition of DNA polymerases), Myo16 protein shows substantial loss. Attenuation of replication stress (aphidicolin or hydroxyurea) is followed by a recovery of Myo16 expression and resumption of S‐phase progression. Collectively, these observations suggest that Myo16 may play a regulatory role in cell cycle progression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of acetylated tubulin
Authors: Chesta María E. , Carbajal Agustín , Bisig C. Gastón , Arce Carlos A.
Published: April 2013

The acetylation/deacetylation of Lys40 of the α‐subunit is an important posttranslational modification undergone by tubulin during the life of a cell. Many previous studies have addressed the physiological role of this acetylation process using various approaches based on changes of acetylated tubulin (AcTubulin) content. In most of these studies, however, the actual amounts of AcTubulin were not known and it was difficult to draw conclusions. We present here a simple method to estimate the percentage of AcTubulin relative to total tubulin. The method is based on acetylation of the tubulin sample with acetic anhydride, Western blotting stained by antiAcTubulin antibody, and comparison of the optical density of the AcTubulin band with that of a corresponding sample that was not chemically acetylated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Methods for Ultrafast Spectroscopy
Authors: Marquardt Roberto
Published: April 2013

Time‐resolved spectroscopy in the femtosecond and attosecond time domain is a tool to unravel the dynamics of nuclear and electronic motion in molecular systems. Theoretical insight into the underlying physical processes is ideally gained by solving the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation. In this work, methods currently used to solve this equation are reviewed in a compact presentation. These methods involve numerical representations of wavefunctions and operators, the calculation of time evolution operators, the setting up of the Hamiltonian operators and the types of coordinates to be used hereto. The advantages and disadvantages of some methods are discussed.
A Monolayer Assay Tailored to Investigate Lipid–Protein Systems
Authors: Chwastek Grzegorz , Schwille Petra
Published: April 2013

Model membrane systems have become invaluable tools to investigate specific features of cellular membranes. Although a variety of different experimental assays does exist, many of them are rather complicated in their preparation and difficult in their practical realisation. Here, we propose a new simple miniaturised monolayer assay that can easily be combined with standard analytical techniques such as confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS).
Characterizing the Role of Iodine Doping in Improving Photovoltaic Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Hierarchically Structured ZnO Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Jia‐Xing , Zheng Yan‐Zhen , Lu Xin‐Hong , Chen Jian‐Feng , Tao Xia , Zhou Weilie
Published: April 2013

We report two novel types of hierarchically structured iodine‐doped ZnO (IZnO)‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using indoline D205 and the ruthenium complex N719 as sensitizers. It was found that iodine doping boosts the efficiencies of D205 IZnO and N719 IZnO DSCs with an enhancement of 20.3 and 17.9 %, respectively, compared to the undoped versions. Transient absorption spectra demonstrated that iodine doping impels an increase in the decay time of IZnO, favoring enhanced exciton life. Mott–Schottky analysis results indicated a negative shift of the flat‐band potential (Vfb) of ZnO, caused by iodine doping, and this shift correlated with the enhancement of the open circuit voltage (Voc). To reveal the effect of iodine doping on the effective separation of e−‐h+ pairs which is responsible for cell efficiency, direct visualization of light‐induced changes in the surface potential between IZnO particles and dye molecules were traced by Kelvin probe force microscopy. We found that potential changes of iodine‐doped ZnO films by irradiation were above one hundred millivolts and thus significantly greater. In order to correlate enhanced cell performance with iodine doping, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, incident‐photon‐current efficiency, and cyclic voltammetry investigations on IZnO cells were carried out. The results revealed several favorable features of IZnO cells, that is, longer electron lifetime, lower charge‐transfer resistance, stronger peak current, and extended visible light harvest, all of which serve to promote cell performance.
Catalytic Dehydration of Carbohydrates on In Situ Exfoliatable Layered Niobic Acid in an Aqueous System under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Wu Qingbin , Yan Yani , Zhang Qian , Lu Jinhua , Yang Zhijian , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: April 2013

A simple and efficient microwave‐assisted HNb3O8 catalytic process is proposed for the dehydration of carbohydrates in the aqueous phase. A 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) yield of 55.9 % was achieved at a high substrate/catalyst weight ratio of 50 from a 10 wt % fructose solution, which is close to the yield achieved by homogeneous aqueous systems. The critical factor for this performance is the fast in situ exfoliation of layered HNb3O8 with the aid of microwave irradiation, which leads to quasi‐homogeneous catalytic behavior. Importantly, the catalytic system is also applicable for the one‐pot production of HMF from di‐ and polysaccharides, such as inulin, through a consecutive hydrolysis–dehydration reaction. Additionally, the unique restacking feature of the exfoliated HNb3O8 ensures the good reusability of the catalyst.
Ecohydrological responses to secondary natural Populus davidiana and plantation Pinus tabulaeformis woodlands on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Ma Lan , Teng Yanguo , Shangguan Zhouping
Published: April 2013

The Loess Plateau of China has long been suffering from severe soil erosion due to deforestation and other human being‐related activities. Reforestation has been regarded as an important measure to protect and recover degraded ecosystems. The two typical forest stands, the secondary natural succession Populus davidiana stand (PDS) and the plantation Pinus tabulaeformis stand (PTS), were chosen to analyse their effectiveness in conserving soil and water and understand their impacts on rainfall distribution. On the basis of observations in 1988–2000 (no available data in 1989), compared with croplands, PDS and PTS reduced soil loss by 99·9% and reduced runoff by 92·3% and 84·4%, respectively. The mean annual canopy interception was 14·0% for PDS and 25·3% for PTS, and litter interception was 7·7% for PDS and 11·6% for PTS in 1995–2000. Both forest stands had almost the same stemflow percentage of 3·3%. However, there was no significant difference in runoff and soil loss between the two reforestation types. These results suggest that both the plantation PTS and the natural regeneration PDS are effective in controlling soil erosion, with similar potentials in conserving soil and water in the study region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Germany's Light Version of Integrated Water Resources Management
Authors: Theesfeld Insa , Schleyer Christian
Published: April 2013

The design and implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Germany has clearly been inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) concept. The paper shows, however, that Germany's current river basin management follows a light version of IWRM, by only coordinating groundwater and surface water responsibilities rather than integrating various water related sectors. When assessing the current implementation of the WFD, Article 14 on participation is crucial. This is because the establishment of participatory forums involving stakeholders and the general public is directly related to the question of fit between the administrative and political boundaries of water management and the hydrogeological territory of a river basin. We argue that management concepts that simultaneously aim at integration and participation, such as IWRM, seem to pull in opposite directions. Based on document analysis, an extensive literature review and interviews with key informants, two cases of river basin management in Germany – Ems and Warnow–Peene – empirically substantiate the argument that participation needs to be linked up effectively with the existing, democratically legitimized decision‐making structures, which becomes more complicated the more decision‐making power and responsibilities are integrated. Moreover, we found that most national, federal and regional state activities are still limited to simply informing and consulting people. The paper ends with recommendations on how to improve governance structures for water management while embracing Germany's approach of light IWRM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Linking Ecological Economics and Political Ecology to Study Mining, Glaciers and Global Warming
Authors: Kronenberg Jakub
Published: April 2013

Ecological economics and political ecology offer complementary perspectives on economy–society–environment interactions. Although both refer to values and perceptions, ecological economics focuses on what provides benefits and how values can be elicited, and political ecology scrutinizes the socio‐political setting within which preferences are revealed. Linking the two areas of study makes it possible to depict socially constructed values that are affected by different discourses and power inequalities, as well as by the stakeholders' geographical distance from the issue concerned. Mining activity is a special case, because the selection of potential sites is restricted by the natural distribution of resources, bringing them to the attention of different stakeholders. Mining interferes with ecosystem structure and function, making the trade‐offs between different uses of the environment explicit and demonstrating how difficult it is to protect ecosystem services, especially in some political settings. Two case studies (Kumtor in Kyrgyzstan and Pascua‐Lama in Chile–Argentina) illustrate how gold mining interferes with glaciers and how this may be affected by changing perceptions of global warming. In the case of Kumtor, at least 39 million m3 of glacier ice were removed by the end of 2011, but this intervention and the subsequent consequences escaped public attention. Meanwhile, the plans to remove 0.8 million m3 of ice, in the case of Pascua‐Lama, led to widespread protests in which local communities were joined by overseas pressure groups and other stakeholders. The factors that led to the disparity of interest and opposition in the two case studies reflect larger market, government and social empowerment failures in Kyrgyzstan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Economic Resilience and Land use: The Cocoa Crisis in the Rio Cachoeira Catchment, Brazil
Authors: Andreoni Valeria , Duriavig Marco
Published: April 2013

In this paper, the concept of resilience is extended to the socio‐economic domain in order to analyse the relationships between diversity in land use and ability to react to unexpected events. By considering the cocoa crisis of the 1990s, the impacts on economy, migration and land use diversification have been investigated for seven municipalities of the south‐east of Bahia (Brazil). Correlation analyses between gross domestic product (GDP) and landscape indices have been performed to analyse the relationships between land use diversification and incidence of the crisis. Variations in the distribution of urban and rural population and in land use diversification have also been considered to analyse the reactions of the different municipalities. Results show that low land use diversification make the system low resilience. Being based on monoculture production, the seven administrative units considered in this paper turned out to be particularly vulnerable to the economic and environmental perturbation. The findings of this paper largely support policies promoting land use diversification as an instrument oriented to promote both economic productivity and environmental protection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Communication between human mast cells and CD4+T cells through antigen‐dependent interactions
Authors: Suurmond Jolien , van Heemst Jurgen , van Heiningen Jacqueline , Dorjée Annemarie L. , Schilham Marco W. , van der Beek Feddo B. , Huizinga Tom W.J. , Schuerwegh Annemie J.M. , Toes René E.M.
Published: April 2013

Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells residing in tissues where pathogens are first encountered. It has been indicated that MCs might also be involved in setting the outcome of T‐cell responses. However, little is known about the capacity of human MCs to express MHC class II and/or to capture and present antigens to CD4+ T cells. To study the T‐cell stimulatory potential of human MCs, CD34+ stem cell derived MCs were generated. These cells expressed HLA‐DR when stimulated with IFN‐γ, and, importantly, presented peptide and protein for activation of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells. The interplay between MC and T cell led to increased HLA‐DR expression on MCs. MCs were present in close proximity to T cells in tonsil and expressed HLA‐DR and CD80, indicating their ability to present antigens to CD4+ T cells in T‐cell areas of human LNs. Our data show that MCs can present native antigens to human CD4+ T cells and that HLA‐DR expressing MCs are present in tonsil tissue, indicating that human MCs can directly activate T cells and provide a rationale to study the potential of MCs to prime and/or skew human T‐cell responses.
A Comprehensive Survey of Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Nontraditional Ligand Chelation Motifs
Authors: Ladouceur Sébastien , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: April 2013

The useful optoelectronic properties of cationic iridium(III) complexes have been exploited in diverse applications, from visual displays to biological probes to analytical sensors. It is thus not surprising to note the increased recent efforts to document, understand, and ultimately control the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the archetypal cationic iridium(III) complex [(ppy)2Ir(bpy)]+, in which ppyH = 2‐phenylpyridine and bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, and decorated versions thereof. Of the ligand architectures explored, the greatest attention has been devoted to ligands that incorporate the common pyridine unit. In this Microreview, we survey the salient emission and electrochemical properties of cationic iridium(III) complexes of the form [(C∧N)2Ir(L∧X)]+, in which C∧N is a cyclometalating ligand and L∧X is a bidentate neutral ancillary ligand, with at least one heterocyclic ligand other than pyridine. We contrast their properties to that of [(ppy)2Ir(bpy)]+ and highlight recent exploits in materials applications.
Diametrically Opposed Carbenes on an α‐Cyclodextrin: Synthesis, Characterization of Organometallic Complexes and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling in Ethanol and in Water
Authors: Guitet Maxime , Marcelo Filipa , de Beaumais Ségolène Adam , Zhang Yongmin , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric , Ménand Mickaël , Sollogoub Matthieu
Published: April 2013

Two carbene‐based ligands have been attached to perbenzylated and permethylated cyclodextrins. Their palladium complexes were synthesized, characterized and used as catalysts in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions both in ethanol and water.
“Stainomics”: Identification of mitotracker labeled proteins in mammalian cells
Authors: Dong Hongjuan , Cheung Sau Ha , Liang Yimin , Wang Baojiang , Ramalingam Rajkumar , Wang Ping , Sun Hongyan , Cheng Shuk Han , Lam Yun Wah
Published: April 2013

Organelle‐specific cell‐permeable fluorescent dyes are invaluable tools in cell biology as they reveal intracellular dynamics in living cells. Mitrotracker is a family of dyes that strongly label the mitochondrion, a key organelle associated with many crucial cellular functions. Despite the popularity of these dyes, little is known about the molecular mechanism behind their staining specificity. Here, we aimed to identify the protein targets of one member of this dye family, mitotracker red (MTR), by 2DE and MS. MTR bound to cellular proteins covalently, and its fluorescence persisted even after cell lysis, protein solubilization, denaturation, and electrophoresis. This enabled us to display MTR‐labeled proteins by 2DE. The MTR‐specific fluorescent signals on the gel revealed the spots that contained MTR‐conjugated proteins. These spots were analyzed by MS, resulting into the identification of ten proteins. We discovered that one major target is the mitochondrial protein HSP60 and that MTR staining could induce production of HSP60, predisposing cells to heat shock‐like responses. The identification of the molecular targets of biological dyes, or “stainomics,” can help correlate their intracellular staining properties with biochemical affinities. We believe this approach can be applied to a wide range of fluorescent probes.
Determination of glyphosate and AMPA on polyester‐toner electrophoresis microchip with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: da Silva Eduardo R. , Segato Thiago P. , Coltro Wendell K. T. , Lima Renato S. , Carrilho Emanuel , Mazo Luiz H.
Published: April 2013

This paper reports a method for rapid, simple, direct, and reproducible determination of glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The platform described herein uses polyester‐toner microchips incorporating capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection and electrophoresis separation of the analytes. The polyester‐toner microchip presented 150 μm‐wide and 12 μm‐deep microchannels, with injection and separation lengths of 10 and 40 mm long, respectively. The best results were obtained with 320 kHz frequency, 4.5 Vpp excitation voltage, 80 mmol/L CHES/Tris buffer at pH 8.8, injection in −1.0 kV for 7 s, and separation in −1.5 kV. RSD values related to the peak areas for glyphosate and AMPA were 1.5 and 3.3% and 10.1 and 8.6% for intra‐ and interchip assays, respectively. The detection limits were 45.1 and 70.5 μmol/L, respectively, without any attempt of preconcentration of the analytes. Finally, the method was applied to river water samples in which glyphosate and AMPA (1.0 mmol/L each) were added. The recovery results were 87.4 and 83.7% for glyphosate and AMPA, respectively. The recovery percentages and LOD values obtained here were similar to others reported in the literature.
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a new therapeutic target for Pompe disease
Authors: Spampanato Carmine , Feeney Erin , Li Lishu , Cardone Monica , Lim Jeong‐A , Annunziata Fabio , Zare Hossein , Polishchuk Roman , Puertollano Rosa , Parenti Giancarlo , Ballabio Andrea , Raben Nina
Published: April 2013

A recently proposed therapeutic approach for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) relies upon the ability of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to stimulate autophagy and induce lysosomal exocytosis leading to cellular clearance. This approach is particularly attractive in glycogen storage disease type II [a severe metabolic myopathy, Pompe disease (PD)] as the currently available therapy, replacement of the missing enzyme acid alpha‐glucosidase, fails to reverse skeletal muscle pathology. PD, a paradigm for LSDs, is characterized by both lysosomal abnormality and dysfunctional autophagy. Here, we show that TFEB is a viable therapeutic target in PD: overexpression of TFEB in a new muscle cell culture system and in mouse models of the disease reduced glycogen load and lysosomal size, improved autophagosome processing, and alleviated excessive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Unexpectedly, the exocytosed vesicles were labelled with lysosomal and autophagosomal membrane markers, suggesting that TFEB induces exocytosis of autophagolysosomes. Furthermore, the effects of TFEB were almost abrogated in the setting of genetically suppressed autophagy, supporting the role of autophagy in TFEB‐mediated cellular clearance.