bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypervelocity penetration of granular silicon carbide from mesoscale simulations
Authors: Demaske Brian J. , Vogler Tracy J.
Published: July 2020

Penetration of gold rods into SiC powder targets at velocities of 1 to 3 km/s are investigated using mesoscale simulations. The range of impact velocities is chosen to coincide with previous penetration experiments and represents a new regime over which to test the applicability of mesoscale simulations of granular materials. Both 2D and 3D geometries of the combined penetrator and powder system are considered. Analysis of the penetration depth histories at various impact velocities shows the penetrator undergoes an initial transient period of rapid deceleration within the first several microseconds before converging to a steady state characterized by jumps in the penetration velocity on the order of a few hundred meters per second. Steady-state penetration velocities obtained from 2D and 3D simulations agree well with one another, but lie below those computed using hydrodynamic theory, which indicates a non-zero strength for the simulated powders over this range of impact velocities. For comparable initial powder densities, 3D simulations predict steady-state penetration velocities in good agreement with those measured in penetration experiments on pre-compacted SiC powder specimens.
Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) for post-fragmentation modeling
Authors: Oltrogge Daniel L. , Vallado David A.
Published: July 2020

The Debris Risk Evolution And Dispersal (DREAD) tool facilitates the 3D modeling and risk analysis of the fragmentation cloud after a collision or explosion. This tool uses the NASA Standard Breakup Model and other breakup models “under the hood” that are capable of estimating the Probability Density Function (PDF) of induced relative velocity, mass and area of fragments as a function of object size. DREAD can be further enhanced by incorporation of alternate, more detailed hypervelocity simulations that enforce conservation laws (conservation of mass, angular and linear momentum and kinetic energy). We also discuss our recent incorporation of an improved technique to normalize risk by the expansion volume occupied by debris fragments. DREAD is then used to examine the likely debris fragmentation cloud created by the Fengyun 1C (FY1C) antisatellite (ASAT) intercept test conducted by the Chinese in 2007 and the risk it subsequently posed to other spacecraft and the cloud’s evolution and dispersal.
Study on Shaped Charge Jet Initiation of Solid Rocket Motors
Authors: CUI Hao , GUO Rui , SONG Pu , XU Jinsheng , GU Xiaohui , LIU Rongzhong
Published: July 2020

In order to study the mechanism of initiation of solid rocket motors under the impact of shaped charge jets, a shaped charge jet initiation test was experimentally studied to evaluate the safety of the motor under attack in the battlefield environment. The ex-perimental results indicated that the motor had a detonation reaction under the shaped charge jet impact. The response of the mo-tor was recorded by a high-speed camera. In addition, the mechanism of initiation of the propellant charge was evaluated using by numerical simulations. Pressure-time and reaction-time curves of propellants were analyzed in this paper.
Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of a Glass-Epoxy Composite Material Under High Velocity Oblique Impacts
Authors: Key Christopher T. , Alexander C. Scott
Published: July 2020

Composite materials are widely used in both the defense and commercial sectors for various applications. Many of these applications present the possibility of the composite material being subjected to high-velocity impacts, where the strain rates can be on the order of 106 s-1 or more and the pressures are often in the tens of GPa. The work presented in this paper expands upon previous work for the same materials where the impacts were normal to the composite material [1] by considering the non-ideal condition of oblique impacts that are more likely to occur in regular use.
Analytically derived space time-based boundary condition (STBC) to account for stress wave propagation in a heterogeneous micromechanical model at hypervelocity impact
Authors: Li Zhiye , Ghosh Somnath
Published: July 2020

Recent years have seen a surge in research on material and structural response of composites using the homogenization based hierarchical modeling method. The microstructural representative volume element (RVE) is a small micro-region for which the volume average of variables is the same as those for the entire body. Representations of the microstructure are used for micromechanical simulations in determination of effective material properties by homogenization. Conventionally, periodic boundary conditions (PBC) are applied on the RVE boundary. However, when the heterogeneous microstructure is under very high strain rate loading conditions (105s−1−107s−1), periodic boundary conditions (PBC) do not accurately represent the effect of stress wave propagation. Improper boundary conditions can lead to significant error in homogenized material properties. In order to increase the accuracy of the homogenization model, this study introduces a new space-time dependent boundary condition (STBC) for a 3D microscopic RVE subjected to high strain rate deformation in explicit FEM simulation by using the characteristics method of traveling waves. The advantages of the STBC are discussed in comparison with time-dependent averaged results of examples using PBC. The proposed STBC offers significant advantages over conventional PBC in the RVE-based analysis of heterogeneous materials.
Explosion of hydrazine tanks due to space debris impacts
Authors: Limido Jérôme , Puillet Christian , Vila Jean-Paul
Published: July 2020

The impact of space debris on a spacecraft can result in a catastrophic event that not only destroys the structure but can also create more space debris. The design of any spacecraft requires understanding the potential damage that can be inflicted by such an event. We consider the case of a satellite hydrazine fuel tank and the consequences of a hypervelocity impact from space debris. The purpose of this study is to better understand the mechanisms of detonation of hydrazine vapor during a hypervelocity impact on a low-pressure reservoir. The IMPETUS Afea Solver® and Explo5 software were used to perform numerical simulations of operational impact configurations (v = 14 km / s). The multi-scale calculations are performed using the Next Generation IMPETUS ɣSPH solver. A numerical assessment of the impact performance at the scale of the reactive fluid reservoir representative of a real configuration (global and local scale) was carried out. The model includes the detonation in the fluid and the transfer of the momentum to the structure which includes capturing the perforation of the structure that results from the explosive loading. A first diagram (impact velocity, diameter / perforation-explosion) was constructed on a reference tank of diameter 50cm and thickness 1mm in titanium.
Validating Ice Impacts Using Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Planetary Defense
Authors: Graninger Dawn , Syal Megan Bruck , Owen J. Michael , Miller Paul
Published: July 2020

Understanding how a potentially hazardous object (PHO) responds to a kinetic impactor is of great interest to the planetary defense community. Target response depends upon the detailed material properties of the PHO, which may not be well constrained ahead of time. Hence, it is useful to explore a variety of target compositions for kinetic impact deflection. Previous validation efforts have focused primarily on understanding the behavior of common rocky materials, though PHOs are not exclusively composed of such material. Water ice is one material for which there has been only limited code validation against cratering experiments. It is known that comets consist of primarily icy material and some asteroids likely contain some amount of ice. Therefore, it is useful to understand the model sensitivities for ice in deflection simulations. Here we present Adaptive Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of impacts into water ice by an aluminum projectile. We explore the sensitivities to the damage model within our code and find that the best-fit simulations of ice occur with a Weibull modulus of 12, though results can be obtained with values of the Weibull modulus near the published value of 9.59. This work demonstrates the efficacy of using an adaptive smoothed particle hydrodynamics code to simulate impacts into ice.
On the motive of O’Grady’s ten-dimensional hyper-Kähler varieties
Authors: Floccari Salvatore , Fu Lie , Zhang Ziyu
Published: July 2020

We investigate how the motive of hyper-Kähler varieties is controlled by weight-2 (or surface-like) motives via tensor operations. In the first part, we study the Voevodsky motive of singular moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on K3 and abelian surfaces as well as the Chow motive of their crepant resolutions, when they exist. We show that these motives are in the tensor subcategory generated by the motive of the surface, provided that a crepant resolution exists. This extends a recent result of Bülles to the O’Grady-10 situation. In the non-commutative setting, similar results are proved for the Chow motive of moduli spaces of (semi-)stable objects of the K3 category of a cubic fourfold. As a consequence, we provide abundant examples of hyper-Kähler varieties of O’Grady-10 deformation type satisfying the standard conjectures. In the second part, we study the André motive of projective hyper-Kähler varieties. We attach to any such variety its defect group, an algebraic group which acts on the cohomology and measures the difference between the full motive and its weight-2 part. When the second Betti number is not 3, we show that the defect group is a natural complement of the Mumford–Tate group inside the motivic Galois group, and that it is deformation invariant. We prove the triviality of this group for all known examples of projective hyper-Kähler varieties, so that in each case the full motive is controlled by its weight-2 part. As applications, we show that for any variety motivated by a product of known hyper-Kähler varieties, all Hodge and Tate classes are motivated, the motivated Mumford–Tate conjecture 7.3 holds, and the André motive is abelian. This last point completes a recent work of Soldatenkov and provides a different proof for some of his results.
Universal spectral profile and dynamic evolution of muscle activation: a hallmark of muscle type and physiological state
Authors: Garcia-Retortillo Sergi , Rizzo Rossella , Wang Jilin W. J. L. , Sitges Carol , Ivanov Plamen Ch.
Published: July 2020

To understand coordinated function of distinct fibers in a muscle, we investigated spectral dynamics of muscle activation during maximal exercise across a range of frequency bands and time scales of observation. We discovered a spectral profile that is specific for each muscle type, robust at short, intermediate, and large time scales, universal across subjects, and characterized by a muscle-specific evolution path with accumulation of fatigue and aging, indicating a previously unrecognized multiscale mechanism of muscle tone regulation.
Adaptations to exercise in compensators and noncompensators in the E-MECHANIC Trial
Authors: Fearnbach S. Nicole , Johannsen Neil M. , Myers Candice A. , Apolzan John W. , Johnson William D. , Earnest Conrad P. , Rood Jennifer C. , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Harris Melissa N. , Church Timothy S. , Martin Corby K.
Published: July 2020

In sedentary individuals with overweight and obesity, achievement of expected weight loss from long-term exercise training was associated with individual adaptations in perceived exertion. Contrary to our hypothesis, those with higher relative perceived exertion achieved a larger proportion of their expected weight loss, which was partly explained by a higher self-selected exercise training intensity.
Decentralizing Coordination in Open Vehicle Fleets for Scalable and Dynamic Task Allocation
Authors: Lujak Marin , Giordani Stefano , Omicini Andrea , Ossowski Sascha
Published: July 2020

One of the major challenges in the coordination of large, open, collaborative, and commercial vehicle fleets is dynamic task allocation. Self-concerned individually rational vehicle drivers have both local and global objectives, which require coordination using some fair and efficient task allocation method. In this paper, we review the literature on scalable and dynamic task allocation focusing on deterministic and dynamic two-dimensional linear assignment problems. We focus on multiagent system representation of open vehicle fleets where dynamically appearing vehicles are represented by software agents that should be allocated to a set of dynamically appearing tasks. We give a comparison and critical analysis of recent research results focusing on centralized, distributed, and decentralized solution approaches. Moreover, we propose mathematical models for dynamic versions of the following assignment problems well known in combinatorial optimization: the assignment problem, bottleneck assignment problem, fair matching problem, dynamic minimum deviation assignment problem, Σk-assignment problem, the semiassignment problem, the assignment problem with side constraints, and the assignment problem while recognizing agent qualification; all while considering the main aspect of open vehicle fleets: random arrival of tasks and vehicles (agents) that may become available after assisting previous tasks or by participating in the fleet at times based on individual interest.
Indicators for the Compression and Stretching Characteristics of the HTF-Coordinate of WRF
Authors: Zhang Hailiang , Li Huoqing , Fan Shuiyong
Published: July 2020

The HTF-coordinate is a feature that has been imported into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4, and it is important to understand how it can be used efficiently. Indicators are needed to describe the characteristics of the distribution of the vertical coordinate and to evaluate the rationality of the configuration of the HTF-coordinate. Such indicators, including the maximum factor of compression (MFC), eta corresponding to the MFC, and the critical point of compression (CPC), were defined and calculated in this study. The indicators were also validated to efficiently and accurately describe the characteristics of the distribution of the vertical coordinate of the WRF model. They constituted the integrated system to resolve the problem of the configuration of the HTF-coordinate of WRF. The nonmonotonicity, compression, and stretching that were caused by the nonlinearity of the HTF-coordinate were also illustrated and validated.
Human Cardiac Fibroblast Number and Activation State Modulate Electromechanical Function of hiPSC-Cardiomyocytes in Engineered Myocardium
Authors: Rupert Cassady E. , Kim Tae Yun , Choi Bum-Rak , Coulombe Kareen L. K.
Published: July 2020

Cardiac tissue engineering using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is a promising avenue for cardiovascular regeneration, pharmaceutical drug development, cardiotoxicity evaluation, and disease modeling. Limitations to these applications still exist due in part to the need for more robust structural support, organization, and electromechanical function of engineered cardiac tissues. It is well accepted that heterotypic cellular interactions impact the phenotype of cardiomyocytes. The current study evaluates the functional effects of coculturing adult human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) in 3D engineered tissues on excitation and contraction with the goal of recapitulating healthy, nonarrhythmogenic myocardium in vitro. A small population (5% of total cell number) of hCFs in tissues improves tissue formation, material properties, and contractile function. However, two perturbations to the hCF population create disease-like phenotypes in engineered cardiac tissues. First, increasing the percentage of hCFs to 15% resulted in tissues with increased ectopic activity and spontaneous excitation rate. Second, hCFs undergo myofibroblast activation in traditional two-dimensional culture, and this altered phenotype ablated the functional benefits of hCFs when incorporated into engineered cardiac tissues. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that human cardiac fibroblast number and activation state modulate electromechanical function of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes and that a low percentage of quiescent hCFs are a valuable cell source to advance a healthy electromechanical response of engineered cardiac tissue for regenerative medicine applications.
The Effectiveness and Safety of General and Spinal Anesthesia on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients with Tumor-Type Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Qiang , Lin Fei , Huang Bin , Pan Ling Hui
Published: July 2020

Background: The anesthesia procedure in tumor-type total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may contribute to systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effectiveness and safety of general and spinal anesthesia in patients with tumor-type TKA. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients with tumors around the knee undergoing primary unilateral TKA were randomly divided into the general anesthesia group (n = 13) and spinal anesthesia group (n = 12). Knee joint HSS scores and Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC osteoarthritis) were recorded before surgery and 12 months after surgery. Visual analogue scale, C-reactive protein (CPR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentration were measured preoperatively (T0), on the day of the operation (T1), and on the first day (T2) after the operation. Complications in the two groups were recorded. Results: The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, tourniquet time, and complication rate were not significantly different between the general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia groups (all p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in CPR (7.6 ± 3.1, 8.1 ± 4.1, 91.3 ± 24.2 vs. 7.1 ± 2.9, 7.6 ± 3.8, 85.1 ± 19.3 pg/mL, respectively), IL-8 (12.2 ± 6.6, 13.4 ± 7.3, 19.2 ± 10.5 vs. 11.9 ± 5.7, 12.9 ± 8.6, 22.2 ± 12.4 pg/mL, respectively), and TNF-α (2.5 ± 1.7, 2.2 ± 1.9, 2.8 ± 2.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3, 2.7 ± 2.1, 2.9 ± 1.6 pg/mL, respectively) between the two groups at T0, T1, and T2 (all p > 0.05). There were no statistical differences in pre- and postoperative HSS knee scores (39.78 ± 11.3, 90.24 ± 15.3 vs. 42.68 ± 12.5, 91.21 ± 16.3) and WOMAC indexes (49.89 ± 7.9, 25.12 ± 6.2 vs. 51.3 ± 8.3, 23.15 ± 5.3) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: General anesthesia and spinal anesthesia in patients with tumor-type TKA had the same effectiveness and safety.
Comparison of Various Glucocorticoid Replacement Regimens Used in Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kiko Nduku , Kalhan Atul
Published: July 2020

Objective: Patients with adrenal insufficiency require life-long glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Hydrocortisone (15–30 mg/day) and prednisolone (3–7.5 mg/day) are the preferred agents used although there is a lack of consensus among endocrinologists regarding the impact of different steroid regimens on quality of life, bone metabolism, cardiometabolic outcomes, adrenal crisis and infections. We carried out a retrospective systematic review of the literature to compare the efficacy and side effects of various glucocorticoid replacement regimens in patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Reviews and Google Scholar databases up to March 14, 2019, for studies evaluating various clinical outcomes with glucocorticoid replacement therapy. The abstracts and full studies were appraised and data extracted from the eligible studies. The quality of evidence was evaluated and risk of bias carried out. Results: A total of 47 studies including 9 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 38 observational studies were evaluated in this systematic review. Prednisolone therapy was observed to be safe as well as efficacious as hydrocortisone although a higher dose was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. A lower hydrocortisone dose (15–20 mg/day) was associated with a reduction of blood pressure and improved clinical outcomes although this observation was based on a solitary RCT. Modified release hydrocortisone was observed to reduce the risk of CV disease based upon results from 2 of the RCTs. However, there was no conclusive evidence of benefit of modified release hydrocortisone and continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in improving subjective health status. Conclusion: Prednisolone therapy remains a safe and efficacious alternative to hydrocortisone although there are concerns of dyslipidaemia and CV disease with higher doses. There is limited level I evidence suggestive of a positive effect of modified release hydrocortisone on CV and metabolic outcomes, particularly weight reduction.
Publicidade: o jeito weasel de ser
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Giacomini Filho Gino
Published: July 2020

O livro Publicidade: o jeito weasel de ser tem o propósito de retratar a propaganda comercial e alguns de seus recursos persuasivos que podem interagir com a defesa do consumidor. A obra aborda o uso de expressões weasel que conferem ambiguidade ao discurso publicitário, e discute o emprego de notas remissivas em anúncios, algo materializado pelo uso do sinal de asterisco em peças de propaganda, recurso esse que tem se mostrado desvantajoso para o consumidor no âmbito das relações de consumo. O livro trata também de analisar o emprego de elementos irreais em anúncios, recurso publicitário legítimo, mas com potencial de gerar danos consumeristas.
Alta tecnologia e reúso de materiais descartados: desenvolvimento de um painel decorativo para a melhoria do desempenho térmico em edificações
Authors: Yabuki Maikol Yoshie , Otoni Caio , Celani Maria Gabriela Caffarena
Published: July 2020

O século XXI expressa um intenso avanço tecnológico aplicado nos mais diversos equipamentos gradualmente mais acessíveis à sociedade. Ao mesmo tempo, para atender a essa demanda, os recursos naturais são consumidos exponencialmente, gerando uma enorme quantidade de resíduos com destinação nem sempre adequada. Os principais agentes ligados à tentativa de redução desse impacto ambiental negativo por meio da reutilização de materiais são as cooperativas de reciclagem, responsáveis pela seleção dos materiais descartados e reintrodução no sistema produtivo. Através da Design Science Research, a pesquisa visa a criação de um artefato utilizando materiais descartados a fim de reintroduzi-los na cadeia produtiva sob a forma de elementos arquitetônicos de acabamento. Pela elevada representação nos materiais descartados, baixo índice de reaproveitamento e potencial de reconformação a quente, no estado fundido, o termoplástico poliestireno foi selecionado como matéria prima para o desenvolvimento de placas de acabamento para o teto (forro). Como maneira de agregar ainda mais valor ao produto, a constituição dos módulos do painel foi realizada a partir de moldes projetados com o uso de modelos paramétricos digitais e produzidos com o uso de impressora 3D. Além disso, o mesmo foi utilizado não apenas como acabamento estético, mas também como sistema de macroencapsulamento para um material de mudança de fase (Phase Change Material), que contribui para o desempenho energético e o conforto térmico no ambiente em que é instalado. A pesquisa, de caráter interdisciplinar, envolveu pesquisadores das áreas de design, arquitetura, ciência dos materiais e conforto ambiental. O protótipo desenvolvido demonstra a possibilidade de se agregar valor a materiais descartados por meio de novas tecnologias de design, fabricação e materiais, e ainda contribui para a redução do gasto de energia, tanto na reciclagem do próprio plástico como na diminuição da temperatura do ambiente, apontando para possíveis desdobramentos de produção por cooperativas.
Operacionalização de parâmetros de projeto por meio do enriquecimento semântico em modelos BIM de habitação de interesse social
Authors: Brígitte Giovanna Tomczinski Novellini , Ruschel Regina Coeli
Published: July 2020

O uso da Modelagem de Informação da Construção (BIM) tem transformado o setor de Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação. Entretanto, a exploração de alternativas de projeto continua um desafio, desperdiçando o enorme impacto que a tecnologia possui no auxílio à tomada de decisões qualificadas no início da projetação. A investigação na fase de concepção decorre da necessidade de integração à todas as etapas de projeto, permitindo que as informações geométricas ou não, sejam gerenciadas desde o início, fomentando um projeto integralizado. Tendo em consideração que BIM admite estas novas abordagens, examina-se a oportunidade e potencialidade de renovar a aplicabilidade de parâmetros de projeto (Alexander et al., 1977), assistindo a elaboração de algoritmos capazes de legitimar respostas aos problemas projetuais ainda no início do processo, podendo ser evidenciada no âmbito de projetos habitacionais de interesse social (HIS). Neste sentido, este artigo discute o uso combinado de ferramentas de autoria de modelos e de ferramentas baseadas em linguagem de programação visual no auxílio à etapa de concepção através do Enriquecimento Semântico em BIM. Esta metodologia provou ser viável no auxílio à tomada de decisão no processo de projeto de HIS. Os métodos aplicados no desenvolvimento desta metodologia podem ser reproduzidos com o propósito de qualificar outras tipologias de edifício.
Categorias homossexuais
Authors: De Cicco Shelton Ygor Joaquim
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de agenda de pesquisa em que o autor compila conceitos e teorias diversos em voga na época da produção do texto (década de 1970), com quais discute, por vezes refuta e propõe novas perspectivas teóricas, notadamente subsidiadas pelo interacionismo simbólico, especialmente no que tange à perspectiva da rotulação. Toda a discussão abrange questões relativas à homossexualidade, principalmente entre homens.
A ilegalidade dos imigrantes como categoria de inclusão social e condição da sua subalternização
Authors: Luís Francisco J. S. A.
Published: July 2020

Os intensos fluxos globais têm conduzido a um aumento das populações migrantes nos países Europeus e em Portugal, particularmente. A crescente dificuldade dos cidadãos provenientes de países como Bangladesh, Indía ou Paquistão em se legalizarem e os processos políticos de rejeição do migrante – O Brexit por exemplo – conduziram à procura de alternativas a essas rotas que remontam à época colonial com origem no trabalho forçado de autóctones. Entretanto, séculos depois, o tráfico de pessoas é uma realidade e é neste contexto que Portugal no pós crise 2008 tem vindo a tornar-se um país legislativamente mais amigo dos imigrantes, particularmente através de medidadas tomadas pelo governo socialista eleito em 2015. Muitos desses migrantes que nalguns casos durante décadas não viram os seus familiares, puderam a partir de 2018 cumprir esse desejo e alguns deles estabelecerem-se em Portugal, trazendo as esposas e tendo filhos já com a nacionalidade portuguesa. Procuraremos elucidadar como este processo iniciado em 2015 se foi desenvolvendo e revelando uma condição social dos indivíduos enquanto párias indesejados e sujeitos de um corpo ilegal, por isso passível de exploração. O papel do Estado no ultrapassar dessa condição revela-se essencial.
Deportabilidade
Authors: Ruseishvili Svetlana , Chaves João
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, procura-se refletir sobre o texto da Portaria no 666, publicada pelo Ministro da Justiça e Segurança Pública no dia 26 de julho de 2019, no contexto da legislação migratória brasileira. Discute-se que o evidente desacordo da Portaria com os princípios que regem a nova Lei de Migração é uma manifestação da contradição contemporânea entre a concepção clássica da soberania como monopólio do Estado sobre o seu território e a erosão dessa última pelas novas práticas de governança global. Argumenta-se também que o texto da Portaria produz a deportabilidade do migrante, compreendida como a possibilidade de removê-lo do território nacional de maneira sumária. A deportabilidade reforça a ilusão de provisoriedade do migrante e provoca a moralização de sua condição pela sociedade do país de instalação. Produzindo efeitos econômicos e políticos concretos na vida dos migrantes, a Portaria anuncia também uma possível mudança de paradigma migratório no Brasil.
Cinedemografia
Authors: Almeida Paula De , Alves José , Silva Denise
Published: July 2020

O cinema é produto de uma sociedade, da sua história e de seus valores culturais. Ao mesmo tempo é fonte de informações sociais, históricas e culturais dessa sociedade que o produz e o consome. Nos anos 1970, o cinema consolidou-se como objeto de estudo no meio acadêmico em diversos campos do conhecimento e, também como método de pesquisa. Os filmes são considerados como documentos históricos, potentes instrumentos de estudo sociológico, materiais etnográficos de culturas, costumes e mentalidades, e objetos antropológicos. Este artigo aponta para as possibilidades da análise fílmica como método de pesquisa de temas estudados na demografia, delineando uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de trabalho nas amplas e complexas relações entre estas duas áreas, e sugere um subcampo de estudo denominado Cinedemografia. A partir de uma base de dados elaborada pelos autores (de diferentes fontes) contendo filmes de longa-metragem brasileiros, da observação e mensuração dos temas presentes nos filmes, analisamos se – e como – o cinema brasileiro recente aborda temáticas sociodemográficas. Destaca-se que migração foi o terceiro tema mais abordado na amostra composta pelos filmes de longa-metragem de maior público e renda de bilheteria no circuito comercial. Adicionalmente investigamos quais questões são abordadas sobre o tema migração. Nossos resultados indicam que os filmes brasileiros contemporâneos estão atentos às questões que permeiam a sociedade brasileira e representam fatos históricos, demográficos e sociais, e revelam que o cinema pode oferecer grande contribuição como método e instrumento de análise sobre diferentes aspectos de nossa população e suas características sociais e culturais.
A assimilação dos judeus
Authors: Willems Emílio
Published: July 2020

Republicação do artigo de Emílio Willems "A assimilação dos judeus"
Tradução Poética e Representatividade LGBTQIA: Elizabeth Bishop por Paulo Henriques Britto
Authors: Cruz Alexandre Carlos da
Published: July 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a representatividade LGBTQIA na poesia traduzida no Brasil e com isso entender qual a contribuição do(a) tradutor(a) neste processo. Para isso, escolhemos analisar as traduções feitas pelo tradutor brasileiro Paulo Henriques Britto para dois poemas da poeta norte-americana Elizabeth Bishop que apresentam teor homoafetivo. Em Banho de Xampu, a poeta apresenta uma narrativa escrita no início de seu relacionamento amoroso com a arquiteta brasileira Lota de Macedo Soares; já É Maravilhoso Despertar Juntas é um dos mais significativos poemas escritos por Bishop em se tratando de conteúdo explicitamente homoafetivo. Para alcançar o objetivo deste artigo, fizemos um levantamento de aspectos biográficos da poeta norte-americana para assim entender primeiro em que contexto histórico e social se insere sua obra e depois tentar compreender qual a relação da própria Elizabeth Bishop com sua condição de mulher e lésbica. Em seguida foi proposta uma análise de conteúdo apoiada tanto nos conceitos de correspondência de Paulo Henriques Britto, quanto nos estudos de Myriam Díaz-Diocaretz sobre o papel do(a) tradutor(a) ao traduzir poemas que contenham discursos poéticos lésbico e/ou feministas. Com isso, foi possível refletir sobre a tradução poética a partir de um prisma que a coloca como instrumento de desenvolvimento social dentro da sociedade.
Circulating Rather Than Intestinal PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9) Regulates Postprandial Lipemia in Mice
Authors: Garçon Damien , Moreau François , Ayer Audrey , Dijk Wieneke , Prieur Xavier , Arnaud Lucie , Roubtsova Anna , Seidah Nabil , Prat Annik , Cariou Bertrand , Le May Cédric
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Increased postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is an endogenous inhibitor of the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) pathway. We previously showed that PCSK9 inhibition in mice reduces PPL. However, the relative contribution of intracellular intestinal PCSK9 or liver-derived circulating PCSK9 to this effect is still unclear.

Approach and Results:

To address this issue, we generated the first intestine-specific
Pcsk9
-deficient (i-
Pcsk9
−/−
) mouse model. PPL was measured in i-
Pcsk9
−/−
as well as in wild-type and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice following treatment with a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody (alirocumab). Blocking the circulating form of PCSK9 with alirocumab significantly reduced PPL, while overexpressing human PCSK9 in the liver of full Pcsk9
−/−
mice had the opposite effect. Alirocumab regulated PPL in a LDLR-dependent manner as this effect was abolished in Ldlr
−/−
mice. In contrast, i-
Pcsk9
−/−
mice did not exhibit alterations in plasma lipid parameters nor in PPL. Finally, PPL was highly exacerbated by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in
Pcsk9
+/+
but not in
Pcsk9
−/−
mice, an effect that was mimicked by the use of alirocumab in streptozotocin-treated
Pcsk9
+/+
mice.

Conclusions:

Taken together, our data demonstrate that PPL is significantly altered by full but not intestinal PCSK9 deficiency. Treatment with a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody mimics the effect of PCSK9 deficiency on PPL suggesting that circulating PCSK9 rather than intestinal PCSK9 is a critical regulator of PPL. These data validate the clinical relevance of PCSK9 inhibitors to reduce PPL, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Meta-Analysis of Leukocyte Diversity in Atherosclerotic Mouse Aortas
Authors: Zernecke Alma , Winkels Holger , Cochain Clément , Williams Jesse W. , Wolf Dennis , Soehnlein Oliver , Robbins Clint S. , Monaco Claudia , Park Inhye , McNamara Coleen A. , Binder Christoph J. , Cybulsky Myron I. , Scipione Corey A. , Hedrick Catherine C. , Galkina Elena V. , Kyaw Tin , Ghosheh Yanal , Dinh Huy Q. , Ley Klaus
Published: July 2020

The diverse leukocyte infiltrate in atherosclerotic mouse aortas was recently analyzed in 9 single-cell RNA sequencing and 2 mass cytometry studies. In a comprehensive meta-analysis, we confirm 4 known macrophage subsets—resident, inflammatory, interferon-inducible cell, and Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) foamy macrophages—and identify a new macrophage subset resembling cavity macrophages. We also find that monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells-2, and CD (cluster of differentiation)-8 T cells form prominent and separate immune cell populations in atherosclerotic aortas. Many CD4 T cells express IL (interleukin)-17 and the chemokine receptor CXCR (C-X-C chemokine receptor)-6. A small number of regulatory T cells and T helper 1 cells is also identified. Immature and naive T cells are present in both healthy and atherosclerotic aortas. Our meta-analysis overcomes limitations of individual studies that, because of their experimental approach, over- or underrepresent certain cell populations. Mass cytometry studies demonstrate that cell surface phenotype provides valuable information beyond the cell transcriptomes. The present analysis helps resolve some long-standing controversies in the field. First, Trem2
+
foamy macrophages are not proinflammatory but interferon-inducible cell and inflammatory macrophages are. Second, about half of all foam cells are smooth muscle cell-derived, retaining smooth muscle cell transcripts rather than transdifferentiating to macrophages. Third,
Pf4
, which had been considered specific for platelets and megakaryocytes, is also prominently expressed in the main population of resident vascular macrophages. Fourth, a new type of resident macrophage shares transcripts with cavity macrophages. Finally, the discovery of a prominent innate lymphoid cell-2 cluster links the single-cell RNA sequencing work to recent flow cytometry data suggesting a strong atheroprotective role of innate lymphoid cells-2. This resolves apparent discrepancies regarding the role of T helper 2 cells in atherosclerosis based on studies that predated the discovery of innate lymphoid cells-2 cells.
Clinical guidance on endoscopic management of colonic polyps in Singapore
Authors: Ang TL , Lim JF , Chua TS , Tan KY , Li JW , Chong CH , Gwee KA , Namasivayam V , Vu CKF , Khor CJL , Wang LM , Yeoh KG
Published: July 2020

Colonoscopy with endoscopic resection of detected colonic adenomas interrupts the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer and cancer-related mortality. In the past decade, there have been significant developments in instruments and techniques for endoscopic polypectomy. Guidelines have been formulated by various professional bodies in Europe, Japan and the United States, but some of the recommendations differ between the various bodies. An expert professional workgroup under the auspices of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, was set up to provide guidance on the endoscopic management of colonic polyps in Singapore. A total of 23 recommendations addressed the following issues: accurate description and diagnostic evaluation of detected polyps; techniques to reduce the risk of post-polypectomy bleeding and delayed perforation; the role of specific endoscopic resection techniques; the histopathological criteria for defining endoscopic cure; and the role of surveillance colonoscopy following curative resection.
Boarding a Full Bus
Authors: Vierke Clarissa
Published: July 2020

This paper interrogates the notion of intervention in popular poetry. It takes the example of popular poetry from Dar es Salaam, which has so far not received much scholarly attention, since it can neither be classified as traditional nor avantgarde. The urban poets struggle to make ends meet, but regularly publish their poetry in the newspaper or through social media and organize themselves in networks. They often remain without a voice in their society, but, contrary to a romanticist perception of the downtrodden, also do not seem to do much to criticize the status quo. Rather than following patterns of postcolonial paradigms which reduce poetry to a political message, I will argue for the potential of the aesthetic experience of poetry, whose imagery stirs the imagination of alternative worlds. Taking the example of a poem by the a female poet, Bi Jalala Sikudhani, I will show how the poem offers alternative views on her lifeworld.
He Who Pays the Piper Plays the Tune
Authors: Odhiambo Christopher J.
Published: July 2020

Patronage in the arts has always been a paradox. This article grapples with this paradox as reflected in the symbiotic relationship between artists and their sponsors. This paradoxical, complex and complicated co-existence of patronage through arts’ sponsorship is scrutinized through the intervention community theatre initiatives of Sponsored Arts for Education in Kenya (S.A.F.E-K). The paper argues that the ideology and the messages as framed, circulated and conveyed by the film Ni Sisi on the post-election violence (PEV) that visited Kenya in 2007/2008 is immensely influenced by the commercial and publicity interests of its main sponsor. The article as such draws attention to the nuanced subtleties of aesthetic framing in this film and how these are implicated in the sponsor’s intentions of projecting a positive image of itself disguised as a project of ‘demonizing’ violence and foregrounding a peace culture. The article identifies and interrogates the subtle indices that are found in the film that appears to cunningly exonerate the sponsor from any role that might have led to escalation of the post-election violence. The reading of such nuanced subtleties in absolving the sponsor of complicity in the perpetuation of violence remains the focus of this article.
A Dynamic History
Authors: Zaki Vevian F.
Published: July 2020

This paper unfolds parts of the dynamic, yet mostly hidden, history of MS Sinai Arabic 151 based on its paleographical, codicological, paratextual, and textual features. Combining these aspects opens new horizons of research in the Arabic Bible manuscripts that had previously received attention limited solely to the text. MS Sinai, Ar. 151 is an intact manuscript containing the Pauline Epistles, Acts of the Apostles, and the Catholic Epistles. Its fame derives mainly from its colophon, which dates it to 867 CE, and bestows it with the distinction of belonging to the earliest Arabic Bibles. In observing the various stages through which the manuscript evolved from two separate units of production into the codex preserved today, several aspects of the life of MS Sinai, Ar. 151, such as the copies made from it, its damage and restoration, and the functions it served, become clearer. Furthermore, for different reasons, scholars have cast shadows on its colophon’s authenticity. Our investigation clarifies that there is no reason to suspect the authenticity of the colophon.
Pediatric Health Care Provider Perspectives on Injury Prevention Counseling in Acute and Primary Care Settings
Authors: Gaw Christopher E. , Berthet Ellora , Curry Allison E. , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Arbogast Kristy B. , Corwin Daniel J.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to characterize how pediatric primary care and emergency medicine health care providers and trainees engage in injury prevention counseling and assess perceptions toward injury prevention resources. We surveyed physicians, advanced practice providers, and trainees in the Emergency Department, Primary Care Network, and Pediatric Residency Program at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia from September to November 2019. Of the 578 eligible participants, 208 (36.0%) completed the survey. When asked to rank the suitability of alternative personnel for providing counseling, 63.0% of the participants selected an injury prevention specialist as best suited. Seventy-six percent of the providers considered a tablet or mobile device used before a patient encounter to be a helpful resource. Variability existed in provider comfort, knowledge, and frequency of counseling by injury topic. Free-text responses cited time as a barrier to counseling. Opportunities exist to improve the provision of injury education through the utilization of novel resources and personnel.
Technology to Guide Data-Driven Intervention Decisions: Effects on Language Growth of Young Children at Risk for Language Delay
Authors: Buzhardt Jay , Greenwood Charles R. , Jia Fan , Walker Dale , Schneider Naomi , Larson Anne L. , Valdovinos Maria , McConnell Scott R.
Published: July 2020

Data-driven decision making (DDDM) helps educators identify children not responding to intervention, individualize instruction, and monitor response to intervention in multitiered systems of support (MTSS). More prevalent in K–12 special education, MTSS practices are emerging in early childhood. In previous reports, we described the Making Online Decisions (MOD) web application to guide DDDM for educators serving families with infants and toddlers in Early Head Start home-visiting programs. Findings from randomized control trials indicated that children at risk for language delay achieved significantly larger growth on the Early Communication Indicator formative language measure if their home visitors used the MOD to guide DDDM, compared to children whose home visitors were self-guided in their DDDM. Here, we describe findings from a randomized control trial indicating that these superior MOD effects extend to children’s language growth on standardized, norm-referenced language outcomes administered by assessors who were blind to condition and that parents’ use of language promotion strategies at home mediated these effects. Implications and limitations are discussed.
The Future High Education Distance Learning in Canada, the United States, and France: Insights From Before COVID-19 Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Wotto Marguerite
Published: July 2020

Evolving information and communication technology creates new spaces, learning materials, and demands in training institutions. Higher education distance learning (HEDL) responses to these transformations are miscellaneous and its development strategies vary from a country to another. Interpreting before COVID-19 secondary data, this article redefines the concept of distance learning and analyzes HEDL supply in Canada, the United States, and France. It enlightens its main current trends and challenges.
The Impact of Predisposed Traits and Organizational Factors on the U.S. Federal Employee Perception of Whistleblowing
Authors: Kwon Myungjung , Jeon So Hee , Ting Yuan
Published: July 2020

Whistleblowers play a critical role in revealing organizational wrongdoing. Even after the passage of the 1989 Whistleblower Protection Act and the 2012 Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act, numerous studies find that public employees are still reluctant to report wrongdoing due to various forms of retaliation. Drawing on insights from a framework of predisposition and environmental perspectives, this study examines which type of factors—predisposed characteristics or organizational/environmental factors—are more influential and consistent in increasing the favorable perception of public employees about whistleblowing. To test the model, this study uses multiple waves of data including the 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys to perform agency-level analyses. The findings suggest that organizational/environmental factors increase favorable federal employee perception of whistleblowing over time while predisposed characteristics show inconsistent influence.
Reasons for seeking a divorce in Iran
Authors: Nakhaee Nouzar , Eslami Mohammad , Yazdanpanah Mahdieh , Andalib Parnian , Rahimi Azardokht , Safizadeh Mansoureh , Dadvar Adeleh
Published: July 2020

Given the increasing rate of divorce in Iran, together with the need to adopt preventive measures based on cultural conditions, a requirement of utmost importance is to explore the reasons that drive Iranian couples to seek a divorce. In this nationwide study, which was conducted in nine capital cities chosen from 31 provinces in Iran, a total of 3,200 men and women (1,600 couples), who had petitioned the court for a divorce, received individual expert counseling services through a reliable and valid questionnaire. Of the 17 reasons that the divorce seekers provided as explanation for their decision, three were prominent: the inability to resolve conflicts, which led to disputes, dissatisfaction with the manner by which their spouses expressed their love and emotions, and discontent regarding a spouse’s personality traits. The findings highlighted the necessity of planning for enhanced conflict resolution and communication among men and women in Iranian society.