bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A thin shell of ionized gas as the explanation for infrared excess among classical Cepheids
Authors: Hocdé V. , Nardetto N. , Lagadec E. , Niccolini G. , Domiciano de Souza A. , Mérand A. , Kervella P. , Gallenne A. , Marengo M. , Trahin B. , Gieren W. , Pietrzyński G. , Borgniet S. , Breuval L. , Javanmardi B.
Published: November 2019

Context. The infrared (IR) excess of classical Cepheids is seldom studied and poorly understood despite observational evidence and the potential for its contribution to induce systematics on the period-luminosity (PL) relation used in the calibration of the extragalactic distance scale.

Aims. This study aims to understand the physical origin of the IR excess found in the spectral energy distribution (SED) of 5 Cepheids: RS Pup (P = 41.46d), ζ Gem (P = 10.15d), η Aql (P = 7.18d), V Cen (P = 5.49d) and SU Cyg (P = 3.85d).

Methods. A time series of atmospheric models along the pulsation cycle were fitted to a compilation of data, including optical and near-IR photometry, Spitzer spectra (secured at a specific phase), interferometric angular diameters, effective temperature estimates, and radial velocity measurements. Herschel images in two bands were also analyzed qualitatively. In this fitting process, based on the SPIPS algorithm, a residual was found in the SED, whatever the pulsation phase, and for wavelengths larger than about 1.2 μm, which corresponds to the so-determined infrared excess of Cepheids. This IR excess was then corrected from interstellar medium absorption in order to infer the presence (or absence) of dust shells and was, ultimately, used in order to fit a model for a shell of ionized gas.

Results. For all Cepheids, we find a continuum IR excess increasing up to approximately −0.1 magnitudes at 30 μm, which cannot be explained by a hot or cold dust model of CircumStellar Environment (CSE). However, a weak but significant dust emission at 9.7 μm is found for ζ Gem, η Aql and RS Pup, while clear interstellar clouds are seen in the Herschel images for V Cen and RS Pup. We show, for the first time, that the IR excess of Cepheids can be explained by free–free emission from a thin shell of ionized gas, with a thickness of ≃15% of the star radius, a mass of 10−9−10−7M⊙ and a temperature ranging between 3500 and 4500 K.

Conclusions. The presence of a thin shell of ionized gas around Cepheids must be tested with interferometers operating in the visible or mid-IR, or using radio telescopes. The impact of such CSEs of ionized gas on the PL relation of Cepheids also calls for further investigation.
The MASCOT landing area on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: Stereo-photogrammetric analysis using images of the ONC onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft
Authors: Preusker F. , Scholten F. , Elgner S. , Matz K.-D. , Kameda S. , Roatsch T. , Jaumann R. , Sugita S. , Honda R. , Morota T. , Tatsumi E. , Cho Y. , Yoshioka K. , Sawada H. , Yokota Y. , Sakatani N. , Hayakawa M. , Matsuoka M. , Yamada M. , Kouyama T. , Suzuki H. , Honda C. , Ogawa K.
Published: November 2019

A high-resolution 3D surface model, map-projected to a digital terrain model (DTM), and precisely ortho-rectified context images (orthoimages) of MASCOT landing site area are important data sets for the scientific analysis of relevant data that have been acquired with MASCOT’s image camera system MASCam and other instruments (e.g., the radiometer MARA and the magnetometer MASMag). We performed a stereo-photogrammetric (SPG) analysis of 1050 images acquired from the Hayabusa2 Optical Navigation Camera system (ONC) during the asteroid characterization phase and the MASCOT release phase in early October 2018 to construct a photogrammetric control point network of asteroid (162173) Ryugu. We validated existing rotational parameters for Ryugu and improved the camera orientation (position and pointing) of the ONC images to decimeter accuracy using SPG bundle block adjustment. We produced a high-resolution DTM of the entire MASCOT landing site area. Finally, based on this DTM, a set of orthoimages from the highest-resolution ONC images around MASCOT’s final rest position complements the results of this analysis.
Definition of the Parameters of Surface Layer Based on Functionality of Parts
Authors: Kleptsov Alexander , Kleptsova Lily
Published: November 2019

The problem of increased reliability of parts is solved in the direction of obtaining the characteristics of their surface layer, providing the highest possible wear resistance. Tolerances on the accuracy of the machine, set on the basis of its functionality, are divided into tolerances for the manufacture of the machine and wear tolerances. In order to increase the reliability of products, they strive for the greatest possible tolerance for wear, increasing the accuracy of parts manufacturing. As a result, the costs of manufacturing the machine unnecessarily increase. The dependence of the rate of wear of parts on the roughness and hardness of their surfaces is extreme; therefore, the task of determining the parameters of the surface layer of the parts is optimization. The use of the wear rate of rubbing surfaces is justified as an optimization criterion. The technique and algorithm for assigning the parameters of the surface layer, providing a minimum rate of wear of the mating surfaces are presented. To solve this problem, a random search method was used. A method for calculating the tolerances for the manufacture and wear of mated parts operating under friction conditions is proposed.
Sensor Platform for Data Management Services in the European Tool Making Industry
Authors: Vitliemov Pavel
Published: November 2019

Data Management is one of the critical points of the tool industry since all applications are heavily based on the industrial data processing (mould, machine, etc..) as well as the business process that are enabled thanks to such data and their smart interpretation. This paper gives a brief overview of a software architecture for sensor platform for Data Management Services that could be implemented into the European Tool Making Industry.
Efficiency Estimation of Energy Introduction of a Ultrasound Field Into the Zone of Drilling of Complex Packages From Composite Materials and Titanium
Authors: Kiselev Evgeniy , Savelev Kirill , Krupennikov Oleg
Published: November 2019

The possibility of improving the quality of holes in complex packages made of composite materials and titanium alloys in the drilling operation by using the energy of ultrasonic vibrations introduced into the treatment zone is considered. The construction of complex packages and the problems arising from their processing with an axial tool are described. The rational design of the experimental setup for testing the technology of ultrasonic drilling of small-diameter holes was chosen. The unit is based on the KUKA KR 16 R2100 robotic complex. In addition to the industrial robot, it contains a spindle attached to the robot; Ultrasonic head, dynamometer and table, on which the package made of composite materials and titanium alloys is fixed. Ultrasonic oscillations with a frequency of 22 kHz can be transmitted, depending on the execution of the installation, either to the spindle or to the table with a complex package. The device allows carrying out experiments with the imposition of unmodulated, amplitude-modulated or frequency-modulated ultrasonic vibrations on the drill or on the object table with a package of composite materials.
The Effect of Vibro-Finishing Treatment on The Porosity of the Surface Layer of Powder Metallurgy Products
Authors: Ankudimov Yuriy , Sadovaya Irina , Essola Dieudonne , Bagdasaryan Tatyana
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the methods of surface plastic deformation treatment to change the porosity of parts obtained from powder materials. Functional dependences between the concentration of the solid part of the system and the size of the plastic print on the example of vibro-finishing and hardening treatment (VF and HT) are established. The reduction in porosity upon hardening of the surface material is experimentally confirmed. The results can be used to predict the surface porosity of powder metallurgy products that have undergone additional processing of SPD, as well as for further studies of the field of application of (VF and HT). Based on the particle interaction in the working medium with the part surface made from powder material, we obtained functional dependence of the density coefficient of the surface layer of the powder material after (VF and HT). Experimental studies were carried out on samples of powdered iron PK6. The porosity of the samples was determined by stereoscopic metallography, microhardness of the surface layer - on hardness tester. Everything was performed by standard methods. The results were presented in a series of porosity charts. Maximum hardening is 30% of almost twofold porosity reduction. The experts in the field of powder metallurgy may be interested in the obtained results.
Educated and Competent Staff as Important Factor of Innovation Development of Machine-Building and Metalworking Industry in Latvia
Authors: Lukjanova Jelena , Sushchenko Olena , Zyma Oleksandr
Published: November 2019

This article deals with the problem of providing the machine-building and metalworking industry in Latvia with labor resources capable of ensuring the innovative development of the industry. Imbalance in the labor market has been shown, the tasks facing the Latvian education system are identified, the importance of training and development of personnel of the machine-building and metalworking industry enterprises is pointed out. The importance of lifelong learning was noted, since the fourth industrial revolution, the aging of population and the extension of the active working age dictate need for constant adaptation of the skills and abilities of workers. The main activities of enterprise in the industry to attract the interest of young people to relevant professions are considered, a number of existing projects of training and development staff of engineering enterprises has been shown.
The Quality Management System of Additional Professional Education in Higher Educational Institution on the Basis of a Standard Quality System
Authors: Simkin Albert , Mozhaeva Tatyana , Proskurin Alexander
Published: November 2019

The strategic goal of the state policy of the Russian Federation concerning education is to ensure the quality of functioning of additional professional education (APE) as means of social development, and in this regard, the creation of a modern system of continuous education, i.e. the implementation of the concept of lifelong learning. The solution of this problem is possible on the basis of the development and integration into the overall management system of the educational organization of the quality management system (QMS) of additional professional education, taking into account the specifics of this type of activity. The paper is proposed to develop the QMS of APE of higher education on the basis of a standard model of quality system proposed in 2006 by a consortium of representatives of educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher education of the Russian Federation. The creation of quality systems of educational organizations on the basis of the model of QMS of OO considered in the article, adapted to the specifics of APE will contribute to the creation of conditions for ensuring the quality of training of students of professional educational programs.
Effect of the Grain Shape on Abrasive Tool Performance
Authors: Shepelev Ivan , Kryukov Sergey , Baidakova Natalya
Published: November 2019

The results of studying the effect of the grain shape on abrasive disc performance are presented. The grain shape was conveniently divided into two classes: isometric and non-isometric. The results of the microhardness tests, elastic properties tests, and mechanical strength tests of grains various in shape are given. The test results make it clear that grain microhardness slightly decreases as the grain shape changes from isometric to the plate shape. The grain elasticity also decreases. It is demonstrated that variations in the industrial grain volume and weight can be indicative not only of the changed grain size composition, chemical composition etc., but of a significant variation in the correlative content of grains different in shape. The bulk weight difference of diversiform grains is important for the structure, structural density, and matrix packing of abrasive discs. It is found that the grain shape is an essential feature that predetermines abrasive tool performance to a greater extent.
The Influence of the Formulation Components and the Mixing Technology on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Abrasive Wheel
Authors: Romanenko Andrey , Shatko Dmitry , Strelnikov Pavel
Published: November 2019

The influence of the components of the abrasive tool formulation and the technology of mixing the components on physical and mechanical properties is discussed in the article. The technology for the manufacture of a ceramic-bond abrasive tool is presented. The main factors that determine the properties of an abrasive tool are described. The data used in the calculation of the formulation are analyzed, such as: type of abrasive material, grain size, hardness, type of bond, structure, filler. The importance of the process of mixing components of grinding tools at the stage of their manufacture is substantiated.The generalized statistical models of the dependence of physical and mechanical properties on the components of the formulation are presented. The model describing the abrasive mixing process is developed. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are formulated in the form of practical recommendations for improving the properties of the abrasive wheel based on the selection of the components of the formulation and the technology of their mixing.
TheW,Zscale functions kit for first passage problems of spectrally negative Lévy processes, and applications to control problems
Authors: Avram Florin , Grahovac Danijel , Vardar-Acar Ceren
Published: November 2019

In the last years there appeared a great variety of identities for first passage problems of spectrally negative Lévy processes, which can all be expressed in terms of two “q-harmonic functions” (or scale functions)WandZ. The reason behind that is that there are two ways of exiting an interval, and thus two fundamental “two-sided exit” problems from an interval (TSE). Since many other problems can be reduced to TSE, researchers developed in the last years a kit of formulas expressed in terms of the “W,Zalphabet”. It is important to note – as is currently being shown – that these identities apply equally to other spectrally negative Markov processes, where however theW,Zfunctions are typically much harder to compute. We collect below our favorite recipes from the “W,Zkit”, drawing from various applications in mathematical finance, risk, queueing, and inventory/storage theory. A small sample of applications concerning extensions of the classic de Finetti dividend problem is offered. An interesting use of the kit is for recognizing relationships between problems involving behaviors apparently unrelated at first sight (like reflection, absorption, etc.). Another is expressing results in a standardized form, improving thus the possibility to check when a formula is already known.
Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Lower Lip: A Case Report and a Review
Authors: Nourwali Ibrahim , Dar-Odeh Najla
Published: November 2019

Pleomorphic adenoma constitutes 50% of salivary gland tumors affecting mostly the parotid gland extraorally, and the palate intraorally. While the upper lip is a common site, it is unusual to encounter this tumor in the lower lip. A 26-year-old man complained of a persistent lump affecting the lower lip. The lesion was excised and was shown on histopathological examination to be a pleomorphic adenoma with squamous metaplasia. At the 18-month review appointment, there was complete healing and no recurrence. Pleomorphic adenoma in the lower lip should be considered among the differential diagnosis of lower labial swellings, especially in young patients. There needs to be reconsideration of the epidemiological and histological characteristics.
10 kHz-34 MHz ultrasound detection based on a dual-core hybrid taper
Authors: Gao Song , Baker Chams , Cai Wei , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: November 2019

We propose and demonstrate an approach for 10 kHz to 34 MHz ultrasound detection based on a dual-core As2Se3-PMMA taper. We fabricate dual-core As2Se3-PMMA tapers with a Young’s modulus 24 times smaller than that of silica fibers, which enhances the acoustic response. Dual-core As2Se3-PMMA fiber tapers show high sensitivities to both shear and longitudinal waves due to the dual-core structure, low Young’s modulus, submicrometer dimension of the core, and the high-contrast interference pattern by the even and odd modes. A dual-core As2Se3-PMMA taper with a core diameter of 0.6 µm detects acoustic waves in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 34 MHz, which are excited by three piezoelectric transducers with optimal operating frequencies of 100 kHz, 3.65 MHz, and 6.8 MHz, respectively.
A magnetic phase diagram for nanoscale epitaxial BiFeO3 films
Authors: Sando D. , Appert F. , Xu Bin , Paull O. , Burns S. R. , Carrétéro C. , Dupé B. , Garcia V. , Gallais Y. , Sacuto A. , Cazayous M. , Dkhil B. , Le Breton J. M. , Barthélémy A. , Bibes M. , Bellaiche L. , Nagarajan V. , Juraszek J.
Published: November 2019

BiFeO3 thin films have attracted considerable attention by virtue of their potential application in low-energy spintronic and magnonic devices. BiFeO3 possesses an intricate magnetic structure, characterized by a spin cycloid with period ∼62 nm that governs the functional magnonic response, and which can be modulated or even destroyed by strain, magnetic and electric fields, or chemical doping. The literature on (110)-oriented BiFeO3 films is not explicit in defining the conditions under which this cycloid persists, as its presence depends on synthesis method and thin-film boundary conditions, especially in the sub-100 nm thickness regime. This report aims to end “trial and error” approaches in determining the conditions under which this cycloid and its associated functional magnonic response exist. We show that in specific crystallographic orientations of epitaxial BiFeO3, an unexplored strain parameter—the distortion in the ab plane of the monoclinic unit cell—significantly influences the spin structure. Combining Mössbauer spectroscopy and low-energy Raman spectroscopy with first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian calculations, we show that both average strain and this distortion destroy the cycloid. For films grown on (110)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates, if the BiFeO3 lattice parameters a and b differ by more than about 1.2%, the cycloid is destabilized, resulting in a pseudocollinear magnetic order ground state. We are thereby able to construct a phase diagram of the spin structure for nanoscale epitaxial BiFeO3 films, which aims to resolve long-standing literature inconsistencies and provide powerful guidelines for the design of future magnonic and spintronic devices.
Novel ultra-stable and highly luminescent white light-emitting diodes from perovskite quantum dots—Polymer nanofibers through biaxial electrospinning
Authors: Jiang Dai-Hua , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Veeramuthu Loganathan , Liang Fang-Cheng , Chen Lung-Chin , Lin Chun Che , Satoh Toshifumi , Tung Shih-Huang , Kuo Chi-Ching
Published: November 2019

Cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have drawn extensive attention due to their excellent optical properties. However, their use is limited by poor stability. To enhance their stability, we electrospun perovskite-embedded fibers from composite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite QDs, blending with three polymers, poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or polystyrene (PS), for the light-emitting diode (LED) applications. We found that the stretchable CsPbBr3@SBS fibers revealed the highest photoluminescence quantum yield, the CsPbBr3@PMMA fibers demonstrated a high thermal stability, and the CsPbBr3@PS fibers exhibited the best water-resistant stability. The photoluminescence intensity maintained 83% of its initial intensity for more than 3 months in water. Furthermore, the LED devices are manufactured from the blue chips and packaged with the core/shell red and green perovskite-based fibers by using biaxial electrospinning exhibited stable and highly efficient white luminescence. The luminance and efficiency are higher than 400% of the values of multilayered structures.
Elastic continuum stiffness of contractile tail sheaths from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Maghsoodi A. , Perkins N. C. , Andricioaei I.
Published: November 2019

Contractile tails are key components of the biological nanomachinery involved in cell membrane puncturing, where they provide a means to deliver molecules and ions inside cells. Two intriguing examples of contractile tails are those from bacteriophage T4 and R2-pyocin. Although the two systems are different in terms of biological activity, they share a fascinatingly similar injection mechanism, during which the tail sheaths of both systems contract from a so-called extended state to around half of their length (the contracted state), accompanied by release of elastic energy originally stored in the sheath. Despite the great prevalence and biomedical importance of contractile delivery systems, many fundamental details of their injection machinery and dynamics are still unknown. In this work, we calculate the bending and torsional stiffness constants of a helical tail sheath strand of bacteriophage T4 and R2-pyocin, in both extended and contracted states, using molecular dynamics simulations of about one-sixth of the entire sheath. Differences in stiffness constants between the two systems are rationalized by comparing their all-atom monomer structures, changes in sheath architecture on contraction, and differences in interstrand interactions. The calculated coefficients indicate that the T4 strand is stiffer for both bending and torsion than the corresponding R2-pyocin strands in both extended and contracted conformations. The sheath strands also have greater stiffness in the contracted state for both systems. As the main application of this study, we describe how the stiffness constants can be incorporated in a model to simulate the dynamics of contractile nanoinjection machineries.
High-throughput continuous dielectrophoretic separation of neural stem cells
Authors: Jiang Alan Y. L. , Yale Andrew R. , Aghaamoo Mohammad , Lee Do-Hyun , Lee Abraham P. , Adams Tayloria N. G. , Flanagan Lisa A.
Published: November 2019

We created an integrated microfluidic cell separation system that incorporates hydrophoresis and dielectrophoresis modules to facilitate high-throughput continuous cell separation. The hydrophoresis module consists of a serpentine channel with ridges and trenches to generate a diverging fluid flow that focuses cells into two streams along the channel edges. The dielectrophoresis module is composed of a chevron-shaped electrode array. Separation in the dielectrophoresis module is driven by inherent cell electrophysiological properties and does not require cell-type-specific labels. The chevron shape of the electrode array couples with fluid flow in the channel to enable continuous sorting of cells to increase throughput. We tested the new system with mouse neural stem cells since their electrophysiological properties reflect their differentiation capacity (e.g., whether they will differentiate into astrocytes or neurons). The goal of our experiments was to enrich astrocyte-biased cells. Sorting parameters were optimized for each batch of neural stem cells to ensure effective and consistent separations. The continuous sorting design of the device significantly improved sorting throughput and reproducibility. Sorting yielded two cell fractions, and we found that astrocyte-biased cells were enriched in one fraction and depleted from the other. This is an advantage of the new continuous sorting device over traditional dielectrophoresis-based sorting platforms that target a subset of cells for enrichment but do not provide a corresponding depleted population. The new microfluidic dielectrophoresis cell separation system improves label-free cell sorting by increasing throughput and delivering enriched and depleted cell subpopulations in a single sort.
Completeness of commutative Sokolov-Odesskii subalgebras and Nijenhuis operators on
Authors: Konyaev A. Yu.
Published: November 2019

We prove the completeness of commutative subalgebras in the algebra

constructed from the algebraic Nijenhuis operators. The operators in question were proposed by Sokolov and Odesskii.

Bibliography: 17 titles.
Characterisation of the Hippo signalling pathway during bovine preimplantation embryo development
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Madan Pavneesh
Published: November 2019

Blastocyst formation is an important milestone during preimplantation embryo development. During murine preimplantation embryogenesis, the Hippo signalling pathway is known to play a significant role in lineage segregation and henceforth the formation of blastocysts. However, the role of this cell signalling pathway during bovine embryogenesis remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterise the Hippo signalling pathway during bovine preimplantation embryo development. mRNA transcripts of Hippo signalling pathway constituents (i.e. crumbs cell polarity complex component 3 (CRB3), mammalian sterile 20-like 1 (MST1), mammalian sterile 20-like 2 (MST2), Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1), transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)) were observed during all stages of bovine preimplantation embryo development. To evaluate the localisation of Hippo pathway components, bovine embryos at timed stages of development were stained using specific antibodies and observed under a laser confocal microscope. Although MST1/2 proteins were in the cytoplasm during various stages of bovine embryonic development, TAZ and phosphorylated (p-) YAP were detected in the nucleus during the blastocyst stages. Localisation of TAZ and p-YAP proteins was distinct in the bovine compared with mouse model, suggesting that the Hippo signalling pathway is regulated differently in early bovine embryos.
Racial Inequities in U.S. Naloxone Prescriptions
Authors: Madden Erin Fanning , Qeadan Fares
Published: November 2019

Background: Research indicates U.S. racial and ethnic minority patients are prescribed opioids for pain less often than non-Hispanic Whites. Racial inequities are strongest for pain conditions with uncertain prognosis (e.g., chronic pain syndrome) compared to acute pain with defined duration (e.g., fractures). As naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug, becomes more popular among prescribers in clinical contexts, it is unclear whether racial inequities also extend to naloxone prescriptions.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with bone fracture ( n = 551,103) or chronic pain syndrome [CPS] ( n = 173,341) were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes in electronic health records from the Health Facts® Database. Logistic regressions were used to determine whether the likelihood of receiving a prescription for opioids or a co-prescription for opioids and naloxone differ by patient race/ethnicity, which included African American, Native American, Non-Hispanic White, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and “other” categories.

Results: Multiple logistic regressions show naloxone prescriptions do not consistently mirror trends in opioid prescriptions when broken down by patient race/ethnicity and diagnosis. Patients of color with bone fracture or CPS are largely less likely to receive prescriptions for outpatient opioid analgesics than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Among bone fracture patients prescribed opioids, African Americans and patients of “other” race/ethnicity are also significantly less likely to receive naloxone prescriptions. However, Native American and Hispanic CPS patients prescribed opioids are more likely to get naloxone prescriptions despite being less likely to get opioid prescriptions. And while Native American and Asian/Pacific Islander fracture patients and “other” race/ethnicity CPS patients are less likely to receive an opioid prescription than non-Hispanic Whites, there is no difference from non-Hispanic Whites in their likelihood of receiving a naloxone prescription.

Conclusions: Among patients prescribed opioids, naloxone prescriptions vary by patient race/ethnicity and by health condition, indicating the need for efforts to assure equitable diffusion of this harm reduction intervention.
CD2AP links actin to PI3 kinase activity to extend epithelial cell height and constrain cell area
Authors: Wang Yuou , Brieher William M.
Published: November 2019

Maintaining the correct ratio of apical, basal, and lateral membrane domains is important for epithelial physiology. Here, we show that CD2AP is a critical determinant of epithelial membrane proportions. Depletion of CD2AP or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition results in loss of F-actin and expansion of apical–basal domains, which comes at the expense of lateral membrane height in MDCK cells. We demonstrate that the SH3 domains of CD2AP bind to PI3K and are necessary for PI3K activity along lateral membranes and constraining cell area. Tethering the SH3 domains of CD2AP or p110γ to the membrane is sufficient to rescue CD2AP-knockdown phenotypes. CD2AP and PI3K are both upstream and downstream of actin polymerization. Since CD2AP binds to both actin filaments and PI3K, CD2AP might bridge actin assembly to PI3K activation to form a positive feedback loop to support lateral membrane extension. Our results provide insight into the squamous to cuboidal to columnar epithelial transitions seen in complex epithelial tissues in vivo.
Mevalonate metabolism–dependent protein geranylgeranylation regulates thymocyte egress
Authors: Du Xingrong , Zeng Hu , Liu Shaofeng , Guy Cliff , Dhungana Yogesh , Neale Geoffrey , Bergo Martin O. , Chi Hongbo
Published: November 2019

Thymocyte egress is a critical determinant of T cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity. Despite the roles of G protein–coupled receptors in thymocyte emigration, the downstream signaling mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we report the discrete roles for the two branches of mevalonate metabolism–fueled protein prenylation pathway in thymocyte egress and immune homeostasis. The protein geranylgeranyltransferase Pggt1b is up-regulated in single-positive thymocytes, and loss of Pggt1b leads to marked defects in thymocyte egress and T cell lymphopenia in peripheral lymphoid organs in vivo. Mechanistically, Pggt1b bridges sphingosine-1-phosphate and chemokine-induced migratory signals with the activation of Cdc42 and Pak signaling and mevalonate-dependent thymocyte trafficking. In contrast, the farnesyltransferase Fntb, which mediates a biochemically similar process of protein farnesylation, is dispensable for thymocyte egress but contributes to peripheral T cell homeostasis. Collectively, our studies establish context-dependent effects of protein prenylation and unique roles of geranylgeranylation in thymic egress and highlight that the interplay between cellular metabolism and posttranslational modification underlies immune homeostasis.
Robustness analysis of decoding SSVEPs in humans with head movements using a moving visual flicker
Authors: Kanoga Suguru , Nakanishi Masaki , Murai Akihiko , Tada Mitsunori , Kanemura Atsunori
Published: November 2019

Objective. The emergence of mobile electroencephalogram (EEG) platforms have expanded the use cases of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) from laboratory-oriented experiments to our daily life. In challenging situations where humans’ natural behaviors such as head movements are unrestrained, various artifacts could deteriorate the performance of BCI applications. This paper explored the effect of muscular artifacts generated by participants’ head movements on the signal characteristics and classification performance of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Approach. A moving visual flicker was employed to induce not only SSVEPs but also horizontal and vertical head movements at controlled speeds, leading to acquiring EEG signals with intensity-manipulated muscular artifacts. To properly induce neck muscular activities, a laser light was attached to participants’ heads to give visual feedback; the laser light indicates the direction of the head independently from eye movements. The visual stimulus was also modulated by four distinct frequencies (10, 11, 12, and 13 Hz). The amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were estimated to quantify the effects of head movements on the signal characteristics of the elicited SSVEPs. The frequency identification accuracy was also estimated by using well-established decoding algorithms including calibration-free and fully-calibrated approaches. Main results. The amplitude and SNR of SSVEPs tended to deteriorate when the participants moved their heads, and this tendency was significantly stronger in the vertical head movements than in the horizontal movements. The frequency identification accuracy also deteriorated in proportion to the speed of head movements. Importantly, the accuracy was significantly higher than its chance-level regardless of the level of artifact contamination and algorithms. Significance. The results suggested the feasibility of decoding SSVEPs in humans freely moving their head directions, facilitating the real-world applications of mobile BCIs.
Determination of the proportion of natural light in solar radiation using the method of conversion of lighting units into energy
Authors: Sterhov A I , Loshkarev I Yu
Published: November 2019

In the article the method for the determination of the fraction of visible light in solar radiation was proposed. The solar spectrum was divided into three regions: ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. The spectral distribution of the intensity of solar radiation under various conditions was considered. With the help of the Mathcad software package, the spectral luminosity of a black body was calculated. Further, the proportion of natural light in solar radiation was estimated. The proposed method of converting lumens to watts consisted of 5 stages: normalization of the spectral luminosity curve of BB in the visible range by one; determination of the energy fraction of each wavelength introduced into the radiation intensity; obtaining the dependence of the illumination distribution on the radiation wavelength in lumens on the basis of the eye visibility curve; multiplying the values of the normalized spectral luminance curve with the values of the eye visibility curve in lumens; summation (integration) of the obtained values. This calculation showed that 1 W/m2 of natural light is 213 lm/m2, which was confirmed by 100,000 lux (lm/m2) with solar radiation of 1000 W/m2.
Calculation of the critical power density of natural light in a polymer optical fiber
Authors: Sterhov A I , Petrov K A , Loshkarev I Yu
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the advantages of polymer fiber over quartz one. The comparison is made between the absorption spectra of polymethylmethacrylate, perfluoropolymer and quartz fibers. The scheme of thermophysical processes occurring during the interaction of radiation with matter is considered. The formulas for calculating the threshold (critical) power density necessary for heating the surface to a given temperature for pulsed and continuous heating are derived. Further, the calculations of the critical power density and the allowable size of the area are made, with which the concentration of natural light in the POF could be determined.
Engineering design of solar concentrator for transporting sunlight through optical fiber
Authors: Sterhov A I , Petrov K A , Loshkarev I Yu
Published: November 2019

This article presents the development of an optical system for the concentration of natural radiation. The optical system for the developed system of natural illumination based on fiber - Cassegrain system with a two-mirror lens - is considered. A system with a square section of mirrors is justified and calculated. Next, the reflection from the surface of the protective glass made of acrylic is evaluated and the required size of the end face of the polymer fiber used to transmit light to the room is justified. In conclusion, the radiation intensity at the output end of the polymer fiber is calculated. The system parameters were determined: a large mirror diameter of 198 mm, a small mirror diameter of 34.9 mm, a large mirror focal length of 49.5 mm, a small mirror focal length of 7.189 mm, the distance between the surfaces of the mirrors is 40 mm. The evaluation of the reflection from the surface of the protective glass made of acrylic showed that for the protective window of flat geometry the reflection coefficient is 7.74% and the convex geometry is 8.83%. The calculation of the radiation intensity at the output end of the polymer fiber showed that the total output power of the system will be determined by the number of fibers in the system.
Acceleration methods for modelling the static modes of electronic devices
Authors: Chye E U , Shein A B , Levenets A V
Published: November 2019

The modelling of the static modes of complicated electronic devices on the basis of the solution of the differential equations is their long integration by known numerical methods until establishment of model periodically repeating decisions. For slowly fading transition processes it leads to the increase of modelling time. The article considers the algorithms of the accelerated calculation of the set modes of the electro technical devices described by the differential equations with periodically changing coefficients. The first algorithm based on the solution of the state equation with previously defined values of the initial state vector is transferring the decision to the established values area. The second algorithm is based on a finding of an entry conditions vector for formulas of the exact solution of the state equations transferring the decision to the established values area by use for this purpose of exact decision formulas.
GIS-based models for transport network emergency management
Authors: Mikheeva T I , Osmushin A A , Mikheev S V , Golovnin O K
Published: November 2019

The authors investigated the methods of structural-parametric synthesis, mathematical modeling and optimal control of transport networks from the position of the system analysis. The goals of ensuring the transport infrastructure safety with the positions of the transport network optimal load are determined especially in case of emergency situations. The paper describes the requirements for the development of a mathematical model of the transport network loading. A large number of studies on the transport network load is carried out in the environment of the “ITSGIS” intelligent transport geographic information system and was aimed at the development of the algorithm for automatic detection of emergency situations and congestion. The emergency situation types are characterized by its location, i.e. its coordinates on the electronic map. The emergency time is considered from various positions, such as time of occurrence, normative and actual time of elimination. The geofences of an emergency situation influence are divided into areas of direct and indirect emergency situation influence on transport processes and transport infrastructure objects. On the basis of the constructed models developed management methods of transport network loading and emergency situations analysis, including the collection and processing of raw data, the emergency situations determination and their characteristics, the optimal response strategy choice, the performance of management functions.
Magnetization dynamics of the material with spin triplet states under the action of a weak varying field and spin-lattice interaction in zero constant field
Authors: Fokina N P , Elizbarashvili M O
Published: November 2019

The anisotropic dynamics of spin triplet states (STS) of molecular single crystals in zero constant and weak varying magnetic fields (weakness means the absence of saturation at the steady state and of the nutation at the pulse EPR) directed along the molecular axes, is analytically investigated. The equations are derived for the free motion of the sample magnetization, describing its linear oscillations along that molecular axis, along which its nonzero initial value was created. The tensor of the steady-state dynamical susceptibility to the varying field is found. The result of the action of a short MW pulse on STS is analytically described, containing a periodic dependence on the pulse duration and its detuning. Abovementioned results can be applied also to I=1 NMR, what is important for nitrogen-containing explosives and narcotics monitoring. The anisotropic dynamics of electron spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) at its one-phonon mechanism is investigated without the high temperature approximation over the phonon temperature; the SLR rates of the separate transitions of STS are calculated; the corresponding SLR probabilities are written in the form, which supposes the fractal dimensionality d of a lattice; the results with d=4/3 agree well with the experimental data in STS of the buried tryptophan of ribonuclease T1.
Design of onboard data server for the implementation as a part of onboard avionics equipment using concept of integrated modular avionics
Authors: Titov A G , Neretin E S , Dudkin S O , Brusnikin P M
Published: November 2019

Modern onboard equipment (OBE) includes systems that require storage and processing of large amount of information. At the same time real-time access to data is required. On the samples of national aircrafts, information is most often stored in computers, where the main functions are not data storage, but data processing. Most of the computing resources are spent on running applications. This results in slow processing of requests to a database (DB), which in turn affects the speed of systems that need data from the database or that keep records to the database. The article is devoted to the development of Onboard Data server (ODS) using the concept of integrated modular avionics (IMA) for the onboard avionics equipment of medium-range MS-21 aircraft. ODS is a separate data server computing platform, which provides running of several independent functional applications and carrying out interaction with onboard equipment via AFDX, USB, Ethernet, RS-232 interfaces. The article provides the requirements for the Onboard Data Server, software requirements, architecture, calculation of reliability indicators, four modes of operation: start mode, operating mode, extended control mode and technological mode, describes the algorithm of transition between the modes of operation of the ODS. The use of the ODS will allow reducing the load on the computers of the functional applications of the aircraft systems, simplifying the work of the ground crew interacting with the onboard maintenance system and the aircraft crew, which prepares the flight plan using the navigation data processed on the server.
Small size phase shifter on compact structures
Authors: Khiem N K , Hung L Q
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the description of a miniature phase shifter of the reflective type. Its dimensions were reduced with the help of compact structures – they were replaced by structures, both quarter-wave segments and plug-in plumes allowing changing the phase at the output. Phase shifters are used in phased array antennas to change the phase on the emitters and thus change the amplitude-phase distribution, which leads to a change in the radiation pattern. For a large number of emitters, a large number of phase shifters are required, which is why at low frequencies they can occupy a sufficiently large area. For this reason, it is possible to use compact structures that have identical characteristics with transmission lines in a certain frequency band. Such replacement allows saving the occupied area of the power supply circuit of the antenna array (material saving), but at the same time reduces the permissible power. The design of a phase shifter with a Central frequency of 2 GHz, whose area was reduced by 63% in relation to the typical implementation of the design, was investigated.
Microstrip Antenna Topologies for 5G Communication Systems
Authors: Nho L C , Hung L Q
Published: November 2019

In this paper the antenna array designs operating at 28 GHz frequency, which is approved by the Federal Communications Commission for 5G communication systems is presented. The antennas are designed on a standard FAF4D microwave material with a dielectric constant of 2.5 and a thickness of 0.5 mm. Since the frequency band is limited both by the radiator itself and the quarter-wave transformers used, passive radiators have increased the band of operating frequencies of the square array antenna, approximately 5-fold. Also in this paper the authors describe the construction of a diagram-forming circuit (DFC) for supplying microstrip radiators. The whole process of designing the proposed antennas was realized in the Anfost HFSS software, specializing in this software, and the design of the DFC was implemented in NI-AWR.
Analysis of the simulation modeling results of flow of negative impacts on adaptive system to ensure the sustainability of communication system
Authors: Zaitsev M A , Filatov V I , Borukaeva A O
Published: November 2019

The paper presents results of a simulation of flow possible negative effects on the stability of the system perspective. For the simulation, two variants of organization of adaptive management of the communication system were presented, reviewed 20 different options for process control of the organization. Query parameters and flow parameters of the adaptive sustainability system communication systems were defined.
Energy efficiency improvement of 0.4 kV power supply systems in the far North districts
Authors: Dresvianskii E , Panteleev V , Castaneda R , Pokushko M , Shmeleva Zh
Published: November 2019

The article considers the method of energy efficiency improvement of 0.4 kV power supply systems for the enterprise located in the North of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The theoretical substantiation of the necessity of reactive power compensation is presented. The method for reducing reactive power in power supply networks through the use of devices compensating reactive power is proposed. The use of this method allowed reducing energy costs, as well as decreasing the level of reactive power in the network by 48.5% and 45% for the 1st and the 2nd inputs, respectively. Also, while using reactive power compensation devices for power supply networks, the following indicators can be achieved: the increase in the throughput capacity of electric networks, the reduction in active power losses and the rational electric energy use.
Simulating hybrid protection against ultrashort pulse based on its modal decomposition
Authors: Nosov A V , Belousov A O , Surovtsev R S , Gazizov T R
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the possibility of hybrid protection against an ultrashort pulse which is based on cascade connection of a modal filter and a turn of a meander line. A qualitative analysis of ultrashort pulse decomposition into 9 pulses of smaller amplitude in this hybrid device is performed and the conditions for such decomposition are formulated. The quasistatic simulation of the time response showed 9.8 times attenuation of the ultrashort pulse.
Effect of close coupling on performance of a modal filter with the passive conductor in the reference plane cutout
Authors: Samoylichenko M A , Gazizov T R
Published: November 2019

The improvement of protection against an ultrashort pulse (USP) using a modal filter with the passive conductor implemented in the reference plane cutout is considered. The influence of segmentation on the simulation results is shown. The effect of close coupling on the difference between mode delays and the amplitudes of decomposition pulses was studied. Minimization and alignment of the pulse amplitudes are achieved. The possibility of increasing USP attenuation to 5 times for a given material is shown.