bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of graphene oxide content on the morphology and properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Yuqin , Zhao Yatao , Li Fei , Xu Yiren , Wei Xinliang , Chen Yi , Wang Jie , Jin Hao
Published: August 2021

In this article, the influence of graphene oxide (GO) content on the morphology and properties of carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites was investigated. To obtain CF/EP composites with uniform dispersion of GO, electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic dispersion techniques were employed in the wet transfer process. Combined with a new molding process, CF/EP composites with different GO content were prepared. The test results showed that the bending strength of CF/EP composites could be effectively improved by adding GO, among which 0.5 wt% GO–CF/EP composite exhibited the best bending strength and modulus increased by 47.20% and 21.24%, up to 1158.9 MPa and 115.3 GPa. Likewise, the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) of the composite at the beginning of crack and the maximum during the propagation increased by 28.13% and 21.57%, reached 327.5 and 656.6 J/m2, respectively. The distribution of GO in the composites and the fracture morphology of the composites were observed. Finally, according to the test results and microscopic morphology analysis, the enhancement and failure mechanism of GO in CF/EP composites were clarified. It was found that GO could improve the properties of CF/EP composites by enhancing the interface properties of CF/matrix, enhancing the strength of the matrix and forming a net‐like structure inside the matrix.
Pediatric P‐ANCA vasculitis following COVID‐19
Authors: Fireizen Yaron , Shahriary Cyrus , Imperial Maria E. , Randhawa Inderpal , Nianiaris Nastasia , Ovunc Bugsu
Published: August 2021

Background

Perinuclear anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P‐ANCA) are associated with a multisystem vasculitis affecting small blood vessels in the body. A handful of adult patients who developed vasculitis post‐COVID‐19 have been reported. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 has been shown to drive an exaggerated immune response in the pediatric population, such as in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C), only one case of vasculitis following COVID‐19 has been reported previously in children.

Case presentation

Seventeen‐year‐old male with a past medical history of COVID‐19 pneumonia two months prior presented with acute kidney injury and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Rheumatologic workup revealed P‐ANCA and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positivity. Kidney biopsy showed necrotizing glomerulonephritis with limited immune complex deposition. Subsequently, he was treated with steroids and plasmapheresis, and ultimately started on cyclophosphamide.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this report presents the second reported pediatric case of P‐ANCA/MPO vasculitis following COVID‐19.
Structural stability and thermodynamic properties of (Y2O3)n (n = 1–15) clusters based on density functional theory
Authors: Jiang Xin , Zhang Zhenming , Luo Diqiang , You Jinglin , Lai Chaobin
Published: August 2021

The initial configuration of Yttrium oxide clusters (Y2O3)n (n = 1–15) was creatively constructed by combining artificial bee colony algorithm with density functional theory. The structures of large and medium‐sized yttrium oxide clusters with molecular number greater than 10 were established for the first time, and many new structures that are different from existing research have been obtained. Studies have shown that for small‐sized clusters, the atomic stacking structure is cage‐like, while for medium‐sized and large‐sized clusters, the composite trapezoidal structure and ellipsoid‐like structure are more stable. The nanoclusters tend to be stable as a whole, and the relative stability of the cluster structure is higher when n = 2, 4, 7, 9. The heat capacity (Cp), enthalpy change (H) and entropy (S) of (Y2O3)n (n = 1–15) clusters increase with the increase of temperature (T), and the vibration free energy (Gv) decreases with the increase of T.
The expression of human testis‐specific actin capping protein predicts in vitro fertilization outcomes: A novel biomarker of sperm function for assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Inagaki Yusuke , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kuribayashi Sohei , Okada Koichi , Sekii Yosuke , Takezawa Kentaro , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Soda Tetsuji , Miyagawa Yasushi , Okamoto Yoshio , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Nonomura Norio
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Sperm function tests do not adequately assess fertilization potential, and new indices are required. We have previously reported that human testis‐specific actin capping proteins may be involved in both sperm morphology and function. This study aimed to determine whether testis‐specific actin capping proteins can be a predictive marker of IVF success.

Methods

Ninety‐seven infertile couples who underwent IVF at an infertility clinic were included. Sperm were immunohistochemically stained to evaluate capping protein expression, and the percentage of sperms with normal staining was calculated. The relationship between actin capping protein expression and IVF outcomes was examined.

Results

The couples were divided into four groups according to the percentage of normally expressing actin capping protein as follows: ≥90% Group Ⅰ, 80%–90% Group Ⅱ, 70%–80% Group Ⅲ, and <70% Group Ⅳ. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant trend in fertilization rates across the 4 groups (p for trend =0.008).

There was no significant trend in pregnancy rates (p for trend =0.276).

Conclusion

The human testis‐specific actin capping protein may be a marker of male contributing factors that predict IVF outcomes.
Modern Trends in the Applications of Perovskites for Selective Organic Transformations
Authors: Chandra Prakash
Published: August 2021

Perovskites have captivated the interest of contemporary synthetic chemists in both the academic and industrial sector due to their multifarious physicochemical properties like excellent thermal stability, oxygen mobility substitution of A and B cations. These perovskite based mixed metal oxides effectively promote selective organic transformations like selective oxidation reactions, selective hydrogenation reactions, nitro to amine reduction, carbon‐carbon and carbon hetero‐bond forming reactions. Furthermore, these mixed metal oxide perovskites have been investigated for the multi‐component domino reactions for synthesis of valuable organic compounds. Recently, metal halide perovskites have emerged as futuristic materials for the catalytic and photocatalytic selective organic transformations to form valuable organic compounds. The present review mainly addresses the recent developments in the catalytic and photocatalytic applications of perovkites in organic synthesis in the past 10 years.
A photosensitized metal free approach to α‐ketoamides:sequential oxidative amidationdiketonization of terminal alkynes
Authors: Manhas Farah Manzer , Raheem Shabnam , Kumar Jaswant , Thakur Pankaj , Rizvi Masood Ahmad
Published: August 2021

A novel transition metal‐free photosensitized protocol has been developed for the synthesis of α‐ketoamides via oxidative coupling of alkynes and amines in the presence of thiophenol under visible light irradiation and rose bengal dye. A series of alkynes with both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups were successfully employed for the synthesis of their corresponding α‐ketoamides. This reaction presents a benign visible light based milder synthetic methodology with broad functional‐group tolerance.
Computational Studies of Selected Transition Metal Complexes as Potential Drug Candidates against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Virus
Authors: Pal Maynak , Musib Dulal , Zade Aniket J. , Chowdhury Neeta , Roy Mithun
Published: August 2021

The earth has witnessed the greatest global health crisis due to the outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in late 2019, resulting in the pandemic COVID‐19 with 3.38 million mortality and 163 million infections across 222 nations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic option against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Transition metal complexes with unique chemical, kinetic and thermodynamic properties have recently emerged as the viable alternative for medicinal applications. Herein, the potential application of selected antiviral transition metal‐based compounds against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was explored in silico. Initially, the transition metal‐based antiviral compounds (1‐5) were identified based on the structural similarity of the viral proteins (proteases, reverse transcriptase, envelop glycoproteins, etc.) of HIV, HCV, or Influenza virus with the proteins (S‐protein, RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, proteases, etc) of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Hence the complexes (1‐5) were subjected to ADME analysis for toxicology and pharmacokinetics report and further for the molecular docking calculations, selectively with the viral proteins of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The molecular docking studies revealed that the iron‐porphyrin complex (1) and antimalarial drug, ferroquine (2) could be the potential inhibitors of Main protease (Mpro) and spike proteins respectively of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The complex 1 exhibited high binding energy of −11.74 kcal/mol with the Mpro of SARS‐CoV‐2. Similarly ferroquine exhibitred binding energy of −7.43 kcal/mol against spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. The complex 5 also exhibited good binding constants values of −7.67, −8.68 and −7.82 kcal/mol with the spike protein, Mpro and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) proteins respectively. Overall, transition metal complexes could provide an alternative and viable therapeutic solution for COVID‐19.
New Insights into the Catalytic Activity and Reusability of Water‐Soluble Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Monti Gustavo A. , Correa N. Mariano , Falcone R. Darío , Silbestri Gustavo F. , Moyano Fernando
Published: August 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) ‐stabilized by different sulfonated imidazolium salts (Lx)‐ have been synthesized as potential recyclable and reusable catalysts for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds in water. An exhaustive study of the catalytic activity is presented and kinetic data are explained in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. The kinetic parameters and the performance of AgNP as catalysts were determined. The results reveal that catalysis is a superficial process and the reaction rate depends on the type of AgNP:Lx used as catalyst, with the imidazolium salts having the effects on the catalytic activity. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of AgNPs are factors that influence the catalytic efficiency. The fact that these catalysts are recycled, in some cases for more than 6 cycles, opens a way for their recovery and reuse of AgNPs. Finally, a comparative study with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) stabilized by the same salts has been realized.
Counterion Effect on the Mechanism of Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 3‐Allenylmethylindoles to 4,9‐Dihydro‐1H‐Carbazoles: A Computational Study
Authors: Menkir Mengistu G. , Lee Shyi L.
Published: August 2021

A detail computational investigation of the mechanism of the title reaction has been carried out with density functional theory (DFT) method to make clear the role of counterion and the regiochemistry of the initial nucleophilic attack of the indole core on the alkylating agent (i. e. C2 vs C3 position). The calculated results suggest that 6‐endo‐trig cyclization followed by bistriflimide counterion‐assisted proton transfer could account for the formation of the final product. In other words, intramolecular nucleophilic attack by C2 of the indole group towards the terminal carbon atom of the allene moiety leads to the formation a 6‐membered ring fused indolyl intermediate, which undergoes deprotonation and protodemetallation to give the final product. Of the three steps, the rate determining step of the whole catalytic cycle is the deprotonation step with an activation free energy of 14.4 kcal/mol. It is also found that the regiochemistry of the initial nucleophilic attack of the indole moiety on the cationic gold‐activated allene moiety is dependent on the conformation of reactant complex, the nature of substituent in the allene moiety and the size of phosphine ligand.
Perovskite Passivation with a Bifunctional Molecule 1,2‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐One for Efficient and Stable Planar Solar Cells
Authors: Song Qi , Gong Hongkang , Ji Chao , Zhang Huimin , Sun Fulin , You Fangtian , He Zhiqun , Li Dan , Liang Chunjun
Published: August 2021

Even though the perovskite material itself has a high defect tolerance compared with other semiconductors, the defects existing at grain boundaries (GBs) or the surface still cause high densities of the trap state which impair the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the small molecule 1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one (BIT) is investigated to passivate the defects at the GBs and surface of perovskite films. The results reveal that the BIT molecule belongs to a type of bifunctional species, which functions as cations and anions to passivate the perovskite surface. The BIT passivation generates lower formation energy and a more stable perovskite structure, resulting in improved performance and stability of the PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized inverted photovoltaic device reaches 21.83%. Meanwhile, high photostability is achieved for PSCs with an efficiency drop of less than 10% under continuous light illumination over 500 h.
Feasibility of the Big 5—Jena eCS Protocol
Authors: Molina-Fuentes Moisés F. , Neumann Rotraud , Behringer Wilhelm , Franz Marcus , Schulze P. Christian , Witte Otto W. , Günther Albrecht , Klingner Carsten , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Steiniger Beatrice , Teichgräber Ulf , Rod J. E. , Mayer Thomas E.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The most common protocols in the initial diagnostic of acute ischemic stroke do not assess cardiogenic or aortic causes of embolism. These are usually evaluated later by transthoracic (TTE) or transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a diagnostic tool for thoracic cardiovascular thrombi according to the first experience with a new extended cardio-stroke protocol (Big 5—Jena eCS protocol) in acute stroke patients.

Methods

Retrospective analyses of the tomography scans database of the Jena University Hospital were performed. We included a total of 67 patients in the feasibility analyses, based on the evaluation of three outcomes.

Results

Primary outcome: the Big 5—Jena eCS protocol was able to detect thoracic cardiovascular thrombi in a total of 20 patients in different locations including the arch of the aorta, the aortic valve, the left atrium, the left atrial appendage, the left ventricle, and the pulmonary arteries. Secondary outcome: implementating the protocol did not result in a significant elevation of the radiation exposure compared to traditional protocols. Tertiary outcome: the new protocol identified seven cases that were considered negative by echocardiography.

Conclusion

The implementation of an extended cardio-stroke protocol is feasible, no significantly time-consuming, acquiring assessable imaging, and maintaining radiation exposure acceptable. The Big 5—Jena eCS protocol was also able to detect some thrombi not reported by TTE or TEE; however, due to our data’s explorative character, a conclusive comparison with cardiac ultrasound is not possible. A prospective pilot study and clinical trials should be conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of this protocol compared to echocardiography and determine the potential impact on diagnostic and treatment decisions.
Hyaluronic acid injections in post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome: a case series
Authors: Migliardi Renata , Modugno Alessandra , Chirico Fabrizio , Zerbinati Nicola , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , Lo Giudice Giorgio , Rauso Raffaele
Published: August 2021

Background

One of the primary goals of enucleation and evisceration surgery is the restoration of an adequate orbital volume through the use of appropriately sized alloplastic or autogenous tissues. In patients inadequately treated, post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome occurs. Fillers are an ideal alternative for eyelid and eyebrow arcade volume enhancement since their injection is easily performed in an outpatient setting avoiding several complications. The aim of this study is to report the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers to treat volume deficits of the upper and lower eyelids, projecting the brow arcade and reducing the asymmetry.

Methods

Thirteen patients (2 male, 11 female, mean age 32.7 years) were treated from June 2012 to May 2020. Non-surgical treatment by HA filler injection for aesthetic rehabilitation of deep superior sulcus, inferior tear trough deformity, and scleral show was performed.

Results

No complications as orbital-ache and/or vasovagal response were reported during the injections. Minor complications such as light swelling at the site of injection, self-resolved within 2 days, were recorded. Stable results were observed at follow-ups. In two cases, two successive treatments were required at 3 and 6 years from the first injection.

Conclusions

Hyaluronic acid fillers offer a versatile and safe method for replacing soft tissue lost from the upper eyelid/brow complex in cases of post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome.

Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Multilayered regulation of proteome stoichiometry
Authors: Ishikawa Koji
Published: August 2021

Cellular systems depend on multiprotein complexes whose functionalities require defined stoichiometries of subunit proteins. Proper stoichiometry is achieved by controlling the amount of protein synthesis and degradation even in the presence of genetic perturbations caused by changes in gene dosage. As a consequence of increased gene copy number, excess subunits unassembled into the complex are synthesized and rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. This mechanism, called protein-level dosage compensation, is widely observed not only under such perturbed conditions but also in unperturbed physiological cells. Recent studies have shown that recognition of unassembled subunits and their selective degradation are intricately regulated. This review summarizes the nature, strategies, and increasing complexity of protein-level dosage compensation and discusses possible mechanisms for controlling proteome stoichiometry in multiple layers of biological processes.
Spin dynamic response to a time dependent field
Authors: Bevilacqua Giuseppe , Biancalana Valerio , Dancheva Yordanka , Fregosi Alessandro , Vigilante Antonio
Published: August 2021

The dynamic response of a parametric system constituted by a spin precessing in a time dependent magnetic field is studied by means of a perturbative approach that unveils unexpected features, and is then experimentally validated. The first-order analysis puts in evidence different regimes: beside a tailorable low-pass-filter behaviour, a band-pass response with interesting potential applications emerges. Extending the analysis to the second perturbation order permits to study the response to generically oriented fields and to characterize several non-linear features in the behaviour of such kind of systems.
Entwicklung von Qualitätsstandards für Patient*innen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis zum Einsatz in Deutschland
Authors: Kiltz U. , Buschhorn-Milberger V. , Albrecht K. , Lakomek H.-J. , Lorenz H.-M. , Rudwaleit M. , Schneider M. , Schulze-Koops H. , Baraliakos X. , Behrens F. , Brandt-Jürgens J. , Haibel H. , Hammel L. , Karberg K. , Kellner H. , Krause D. , Lange U. , Märker-Herrmann E. , Poddubnyy D. , Sieper J. , Syrbe U. , Braun J.
Published: August 2021

Qualitätsstandards (QS) sind messbare Konstrukte, die helfen sollen, Versorgungslücken quantitativ zu erfassen, um langfristig die Versorgungsqualität zu verbessern. Die Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) hat kürzlich erstmals internationale QS für das Management von Patient*innen mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) konsentiert und veröffentlicht. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) hat daraufhin beschlossen, diese Standards durch eine Gruppe von Expert*innen aus unterschiedlichen Versorgungsbereichen zu übersetzen, zu prüfen und ggf. zu übernehmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden erstmals nationale QS für das Management von Patient*innen mit axSpA für Deutschland entwickelt. Hierbei wurde v. a. auf Machbarkeit und Praxisrelevanz geachtet. Letztlich wurden 9 QS definiert, mit denen die Qualität der Versorgung in Deutschland gemessen und verbessert werden kann bzw. soll.
Variation partitioning in double-constrained multivariate analyses: linking communities, environment, space, functional traits, and ecological niches
Authors: Sîrbu Ioan , Benedek Ana Maria , Sîrbu Monica
Published: August 2021

Constrained multivariate analysis is a common tool for linking ecological communities to environment. The follow-up is the development of the double-constrained correspondence analysis (dc-CA), integrating traits as species-related predictors. Further, methods have been proposed to integrate information on phylogenetic relationships and space variability. We expand this framework, proposing a dc-CA-based algorithm for decomposing variation in community structure and testing the simple and conditional effects of four sets of predictors: environment characteristics and space configuration as predictors related to sites, while traits and niche (dis)similarities as species-related predictors. In our approach, ecological niches differ from traits in that the latter are distinguished by and characterize the individual level, while niches are measured on the species level, and when compared, they are characteristics of communities and should be used as separate predictors. The novelties of this approach are the introduction of new niche parameters, niche dissimilarities, synthetic niche-based diversity which we related to environmental features, the development of an algorithm for the full variation decomposition and testing of the community–environment–niche–traits–space (CENTS) space by dc-CAs with and without covariates, and new types of diagrams for the results. Applying these methods to a dataset on freshwater mollusks, we learned that niche predictors may be as important as traits in explaining community structure and are not redundant, overweighting the environmental and spatial predictors. Our algorithm opens new pathways for developing integrative methods linking life, environment, and other predictors, both in theoretical and practical applications, including assessment of human impact on habitats and ecological systems.
Chemical analysis reveals sex differences in the preen gland secretion of breeding Blue Tits
Authors: Caspers Barbara A. , Marfull Reinaldo , Dannenhaus Tim , Komdeur Jan , Korsten Peter
Published: August 2021

Acoustic and visual signals are well known to play important roles in social communication in birds. Growing evidence suggests that many bird species, including species of songbirds, additionally have a well-developed sense of smell. However, we are still at the beginning of understanding the potential importance of chemical communication in the social lives of birds, for example in mate choice. The secretion of the preen gland may be an important contributor to the chemical phenotype of birds. Here, we report on a first characterisation of the chemical composition of the preen gland secretion of the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), a common songbird which is an often used model species in animal behaviour and ecology, in particular also in studies of sexual selection and (extra-pair) mate choice. We found sex differences in the composition of the preen gland secretion in breeding Blue Tits. Females further tended to have a larger number of putative compounds in their secretions compared to males. We briefly discuss the possible implications of these findings and speculate that the chemical composition of the preen gland secretion may be a sexually selected trait in Blue Tits. Our preliminary findings warrant follow-up research into the patterns of within- and among individual variation in the chemical composition of the preen gland secretion as well as the identification of the main chemical compounds involved.
Perceived Social Status and Suicidal Ideation in Maltreated Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dickerson Kelli L. , Milojevich Helen M. , Quas Jodi A.
Published: August 2021

Recent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents (“youth”). Although child maltreatment constitutes a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation in youth, few efforts have focused on identifying factors associated with maltreated youths’ increased risk for suicidal ideation, especially across development. The present study examined the relations between maltreated youths' (N = 279, M = 12.06 years, 52% female, 53% Latinx) perceptions of their social status and suicidal ideation and compared those relations between pre-adolescents and adolescents. Findings revealed unique developmental patterns: Perceived social status was associated with suicidal ideation, but only in adolescents, who showed greater risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as lower ranked in society and lower risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as higher ranked in society. Findings have implications for scientific and practical efforts aimed at better understanding and preventing suicide in a high-risk developmental population.
Fabrication techniques involved in developing the composite scaffolds PCL/HA nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Murugan Sivasankar , Parcha Sreenivasa Rao
Published: August 2021

A fine-tuned combination of scaffolds, biomolecules, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is used in tissue engineering to restore the function of injured bone tissue and overcome the complications associated with its regeneration. For two decades, biomaterials have attracted much interest in mimicking the native extracellular matrix of bone tissue. To this aim, several approaches based on biomaterials combined with MSCs have been amply investigated. Recently, hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have been incorporated with polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix as a suitable substitute for bone tissue engineering applications. This review article aims at providing a brief overview on PCL/HA composite scaffold fabrication techniques such as sol–gel, rapid prototyping, electro-spinning, particulate leaching, thermally induced phase separation, and freeze-drying, as suitable approaches for tailoring morphological, mechanical, and biodegradability properties of the scaffolds for bone tissues. Among these methods, the 3D plotting method shows improvements in pore architecture (pore size of ≥600 µm and porosity of 92%), mechanical properties (higher than 18.38 MPa), biodegradability, and good bioactivity in bone tissue regeneration.
A case of fatal multidrug intoxication involving flualprazolam: distribution in body fluids and solid tissues
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Sommer Michaela J. , Wilde Maurice , Perdekamp Markus Große , Auwärter Volker
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Designer benzodiazepines (DBZDs) increasingly emerged on the novel psychoactive substance (NPS) market in the last few years. They are usually sold as readily available alternatives to prescription benzodiazepines (BZDs) or added to counterfeit medicines. BZDs are generally considered relatively safe drugs due to the low risk of serious acute adverse effects in mono-intoxication, though e.g., alprazolam seems to display an elevated risk of respiratory depression. Here we report on a fatal intoxication involving the novel DBZD flualprazolam.

Methods

A complete postmortem examination was performed. General unknown screenings and analysis of drugs of abuse were performed on postmortem samples by immunoassay, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The standard addition method was employed to quantify flualprazolam in postmortem blood and tissues. Finally, a toxicological significance score (TSS) was assigned.

Results

Flualprazolam was detected in heart serum (25.4 ng/mL) and peripheral blood (21.9 ng/mL) as well as in urine, stomach contents, brain, liver and kidney (65.2–323 ng/g). The cause of death was deemed as central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression with agonal aspiration of stomach contents, in the setting of a multiple drug intake. Given the concentration levels of the co-consumed CNS depressants, the contribution of flualprazolam to the death was considered likely (TSS of 3).

Conclusions

Our results support that highly potent DBZDs like flualprazolam carry an elevated risk for unintended toxicity, especially in association with other CNS depressants. A multidisciplinary evaluation of fatalities remains mandatory, especially when pharmacological/toxicological data on intoxicating compounds are lacking. To our knowledge this is the first report of flualprazolam concentrations in solid tissues in human.
Quasi-Static and Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Gum Metal: Experiment and Constitutive Model
Authors: Golasiński Karol Marek , Janiszewski Jacek , Sienkiewicz Judyta , Płociński Tomasz , Zubko Maciej , Świec Paweł , Pieczyska Elżbieta Alicja
Published: August 2021

The quasi-static and high strain rate compressive behavior of Gum Metal with composition Ti-36Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.3O (wt pct) has been investigated using an electromechanical testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. The stress–strain curves obtained for Gum Metal tested under monotonic and dynamic loadings revealed a strain-softening effect which intensified with increasing strain rate. Moreover, the plastic flow stress was observed to increase for both static and dynamic loading conditions with increasing strain rate. The microstructural characterization of the tested Gum Metal specimens showed particular deformation mechanisms regulating the phenomena of strain hardening and strain softening, namely an adiabatic shear band formed at ~ 45 deg with respect to the loading direction as well as widely spaced deformation bands (kink bands). Dislocations within the channels intersecting with twins may cause strain hardening while recrystallized grains and kink bands with crystal rotation inside the grains may lead to strain softening. A constitutive description of the compressive behavior of Gum Metal was proposed using a modified Johnson–Cook model. Good agreement between the experimental and the numerical data obtained in the work was achieved.
The Conference on the Future of Europe
Authors: Müller-Graff Peter-Christian
Published: August 2021

The agenda of the Conference on the Future of Europe contains the potential for numerous legislative recommendations. This raises the question of the future resilience of Union law. The article, which is based on the author’s introductory speech of ERA’s webinar on the Conference, assesses the challenges and chances of the Union’s capacity to engage in proper rule-making, to experience compliant rule-implementation and to benefit from a judiciary which reliably settles disputes. It concludes that as long as the demanding requirements of an enlightened legal civilisation are fulfilled there is no reason not to trust in Legal Europe’s future.
Monitoring Vegetation Dynamics at a Tidal Marsh Restoration Site: Integrating Field Methods, Remote Sensing and Modeling
Authors: Thomsen Alexandra S. , Krause Johannes , Appiano Monica , Tanner Karen E. , Endris Charlie , Haskins John , Watson Elizabeth , Woolfolk Andrea , Fountain Monique C. , Wasson Kerstin
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Sea level rise threatens coastal wetlands worldwide, and restoration projects are implementing strategies that decrease vulnerability to this threat. Vegetation monitoring at sites employing new restoration strategies and determination of appropriate monitoring techniques improve understanding of factors leading to restoration success. In Central California, soil addition raised a degraded marsh plain to a high elevation expected to be resilient to sea level rise over the next century. We monitored plant survival and recruitment using area searches, transect surveys, and unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) imagery. We used random forest modeling to examine the influence of nine environmental variables on vegetation colonization and conducted targeted soil sampling to examine additional factors contributing to vegetation patterns. Limited pre-construction vegetation survived soil addition, likely due to the sediment thickness (mean = 69 cm) and placement method. After 1 year, about 10% of the initially bare area saw vegetation reestablishment. Elevation and inundation frequency were particularly critical to understanding restoration success, with greatest vegetation cover in high-elevation areas tidally inundated < 0.85% of the time. Soil analysis suggested greater salinity stress and ammonium levels in poorly-vegetated compared to well-vegetated areas at the same elevation. We found that both transect and UAS methods were suitable for monitoring vegetation colonization. Field transects may provide the best approach for tracking early vegetation colonization at moderate-sized sites under resource limitations, but UAS provide a complementary landscape perspective. Beyond elucidating patterns and drivers of marsh dynamics at a newly restored site, our investigation informs monitoring of marsh restoration projects globally.
Dynamic Stackelberg duopoly with sticky prices and a myopic follower
Authors: Kańska Katarzyna , Wiszniewska-Matyszkiel Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study a model of a market with asymmetric information and sticky prices—the dynamic Stackelberg model with a myopic follower and infinite time horizon of Fujiwara ("Economics Bulletin" 12(12), 1–9 (2006)). We perform a comprehensive analysis of the equilibria instead of concentrating on the steady state only. We study both the equilibria for open loop and feedback information structure, which turn out to coincide, and we compare the results with the results for Cournot-Nash equilibria.
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Diagnosis and Treatment Interventions
Authors: Balachandran Silpa , Matlock Elizabeth L. , Conroy Michelle L. , Lane Chadrick E.
Published: August 2021

Purpose of Review

The diagnosis and treatment of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is challenging and often delayed because of overlapping symptoms with more common dementia syndromes or primary psychiatric illnesses. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevant presentation, diagnostic workup, pathophysiology, and both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management.

Recent Findings

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is a highly heritable disorder. The gradual accumulation of diseased protein culminates in the destruction of those brain circuits responsible for much of one’s emotional and social functioning.

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a far-reaching impact on patients and caregivers. Patients often present with emotional blunting, lack of empathy, apathy, and behavioral disinhibition. Non-pharmacologic interventions and caregiver support are the cornerstone of treatment. The use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine is not supported by the evidence. While current pharmacologic therapies target only certain symptoms, there are disease modifying agents currently in or nearing the clinical research stage.
A safe and simple procedure for laparoscopic hepatectomy with combined diaphragmatic resection
Authors: Oyama Keisuke , Nakahira Shin , Maeda Sakae , Kitagawa Akihiro , Ushimaru Yuki , Ohara Nobuyoshi , Miyake Yuichiro , Makari Yoichi , Nakata Ken , Fujita Junya
Published: August 2021

Diaphragmatic resection may be required beneath the diaphragm in some patients with liver tumors. Laparoscopic diaphragmatic resection is technically difficult to secure in the surgical field and in suturing. We report a case of successful laparoscopic hepatectomy with diaphragmatic resection. A 48-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for liver metastasis of rectal cancer 20 months ago underwent surgery because of a new hepatic lesion that invaded the diaphragm. The patient was placed in the left hemilateral decubitus position. The liver and diaphragm attachment areas were encircled using hanging tape. Liver resection preceded diaphragmatic resection with the hanging tape in place. Two snake retractors were used to secure the surgical field for the inflow of CO2 into the pleural space after diaphragmatic resection. The defective part of the diaphragm was repaired using continuous or interrupted sutures. Both ends of the suture were tied with an absorbable suture clip without ligation. In laparoscopic liver resection with diaphragmatic resection, the range of diaphragmatic resection can be minimized by performing liver resection using the hanging method before diaphragmatic resection. The surgical field can be secured using snake retractors. Suturing with an absorbable suture clip is conveniently feasible.
A note on a family of surfaces with $$p_g=q=2$$ and $$K^2=7$$
Authors: Penegini Matteo , Pignatelli Roberto
Published: August 2021

We study a family of surfaces of general type with $$p_g=q=2$$

p
g

=
q
=
2

and $$K^2=7$$

K
2

=
7

, originally constructed by C. Rito in [35]. We provide an alternative construction of these surfaces, that allows us to describe their Albanese map and the corresponding locus $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
in the moduli space of surfaces of general type. In particular we prove that $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
is an open subset, and it has three connected components, all of which are 2-dimensional, irreducible and generically smooth
Fast nonlinear Froude–Krylov force calculation for prismatic floating platforms: a wave energy conversion application case
Authors: Giorgi Giuseppe , Sirigu Sergej , Bonfanti Mauro , Bracco Giovanni , Mattiazzo Giuliana
Published: August 2021

Computationally fast and accurate mathematical models are essential for effective design, optimization, and control of wave energy converters. However, the energy-maximising control strategy, essential for reaching economic viability, inevitably leads to the violation of linearising assumptions, so the common linear models become unreliable and potentially unrealistic. Partially nonlinear models based on the computation of Froude–Krylov forces with respect to the instantaneous wetted surface are promising and popular alternatives, but they are still too slow when floaters of arbitrary complexity are considered; in fact, mesh-based spatial discretisation, required by such geometries, becomes the computational bottle-neck, leading to simulations 2 orders of magnitude slower than real-time, unaffordable for extensive iterative optimizations. This paper proposes an alternative analytical approach for the subset of prismatic floating platforms, common in the wave energy field, ensuring computations 2 orders of magnitude faster than real-time, hence 4 orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art mesh-based approaches. The nonlinear Froude–Krylov model is used to investigate the nonlinear hydrodynamics of the floater of a pitching wave energy converter, extracting energy either from pitch or from an inertially coupled internal degree of freedom, especially highlighting the impact of state constraints, controlled/uncontrolled conditions, and impact on control parameters’ optimization, sensitivity and effectiveness.
Fluid migration recorded by fluid inclusions in crack-sealed quartz veins and sandstone host rock; Cameros Basin, Spain
Authors: González-Acebrón Laura , Lopez-Elorza Maialen , Mas Ramón , Arribas José , Omodeo-Salé Silvia
Published: August 2021

The role of deep hydrothermal fluid circulation through fractures and their impact on the sandstone host rock is studied in an extensional sedimentary basin (Cameros Basin, Spain) affected by a post-extensional hydrothermal metamorphism. The quartzarenites of the Urbión Group constituted a hydrocarbon carrier affected by very low to low-grade hydrothermal metamorphism during Late Albian to Coniacian. This process generated abundant quartz veins and transformed the quartzarenites into quartzites. This study compares the microthermometry of the fluid inclusion asemblages (FIAs) in the veins and in the quartz grain overgrowths in the quartzites, in order to understand the behavior of the hydrothermal fluids through fractures and their effects in the host rock. Fluid inclusions in the quartz grain overgrowths contain liquid and vapor at room temperature and homogenize to the liquid (Th: 124–265 °C, H2O + NaCl system). Those of quartz veins present both liquid and vapor CO2 and an aqueous liquid phase (room temperature). Final homogenization is to the liquid (Th: 109–282 °C, H2O + NaCl + CO2, mean values of amount-of-substance fractions: 0.92, 0.01, 0.07). Large Th variation within each FIA is common, due to crack and sealing processes and to reequilibration by successive thermal pulses. In contrast, the narrow Th range in each FIA towards the top of the record indicates that these inclusions are probably not reequilibrated. Two growing stages are recognized under SEM-CL in the quartz grain overgrowths, one diagenetic and another hydrothermal, the later with FIAs showing Th similar than the veins. The results can help in the evaluation of the geo-energy resources in sedimentary basins.
Comparative outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided lumen‐apposing mental stents drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts and walled‐off necrosis: Case series and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Qian , Zhou Anni , Zhao Guiping , Li Peng
Published: August 2021

Background

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) has become the first‐line treatment with quicker recovery and more minor injury compared with surgery and percutaneous drainage. The efficacy of stents implantation and drainage for different PFCs remains controversial, especially lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LAMS drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) and walled‐off necrosis (WON).

Methods

A meta‐analysis was performed for LAMS drainage for WON and PPC by systematically searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2010 to January 2020. From 2017 to 2019, 12 patients who were treated with LAMS drainage for PFCs in our medical center were also reviewed and included in this study.

Results

Combining 11 copies of documents with the data from our medical center, a total of 585 patients with PFCs were enrolled in this meta‐analysis, including 343 patients with WON and 242 with PPC. The technical success rate in WON is not significantly different from that of PPC (P = 0.08 > 0.05). The clinical success of LAMS placement was achieved in 99% vs 89% in PPC and WON, respectively (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P = 0.01 < 0.05). The further intervention of direct endoscopic necrosectomy was required by 60% of patients in WON group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events, including infection, bleeding, stent migration and stent occlusion, after LAMS placement between WON and PPC.

Conclusions

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided LAMS for PFCs are feasible, effective with preferable technical and clinical success rates. The clinical effect of LAMS on PPC is slightly better than that of WON, but its adverse reactions still need to be verified in a large‐sample prospective study.
Water and Wastewater Engineering
Authors: Goel Sudha
Published: August 2021

This comprehensive textbook highlights the fundamental concepts and design principles related to water and wastewater engineering. Problems and issues arising from the lack of sustainable conventional treatment practices and potential methods for resolving problems are discussed in detail. The book starts with an introduction to water resources and the need for water and wastewater treatment, followed by evaluation of water demand in terms of quantity and quality. Mass transfer and transformation processes that are necessary for understanding the complexity of water pollution issues and treatment processes are discussed in detail. Pedagogical features include learning objectives, chapter-wise study outlines, detailed solutions to important problems and self-evaluation exercises with answers. Case studies for specific water treatment requirements are provided to enable the students to choose and apply only relevant treatment processes in their design.
Pachuca Obsidian Blades from the U.S. Southwest: Implications for Mesoamerican Connections and Coronado's Mexican Indian Allies
Authors: Dolan Sean G. , Shackley M. Steven
Published: August 2021

The connection between people in the prehispanic U.S. Southwest / Northwest Mexico (SW/NW) and Mesoamerica is one of the most debated research topics in American archaeology. SW/NW groups used objects from Mesoamerica, but did they also trade for obsidian? Archaeologists have yet to find Mesoamerican obsidian from confirmed prehispanic SW/NW contexts, but here we discuss four green obsidian prismatic blades from New Mexico and Arizona. Using EDXRF spectrometry, we demonstrate that the blades are from the Pachuca source in Mesoamerica. The blades were found at four sites that the Spanish and their Mexican Indian allies used or potentially visited beginning in AD 1540. Using lithic technological organization and historical narratives, we assess the credibility of the different hypothesized models of prehispanic SW/NW-Mesoamerican interaction and obsidian use by the Mexican Indian allies. We suggest that green Pachuca blades would have been traded into the SW/NW if interaction with Mesoamerica had occurred more frequently. We also offer reasons why archaeologists have found so few Mesoamerican obsidian blades at post-1540 sites. This research is relevant because it expands our knowledge about SW/NW-Mesoamerican connections and the Mexican Indian allies of the Spanish, who are an underrepresented group in the archaeological and historical records.
Le différend de la sexualité en Turquie
Authors: Élias Nicolas
Published: August 2021

Le différend de la sexualité en Turquie

Le travail présenté ici porte sur la sexualité comme différend entre sunnites et alévis dans la Turquie contemporaine. Le fort antagonisme entre les tenants de l’islam tel qu’il est sanctionné par l’État et ceux qui y dérogent se structure autour de la discipline et de l’indiscipline sexuelles. Son expression publique la plus violente réside dans une calomnie d’inceste rituel, qui porte sur la liturgie des alévis. Par les mots mum söndü, « la bougie s’est éteinte », les sunnites accusent les alévis de s’adonner, lors de cérémonies nocturnes et secrètes, à des orgies où « père, mère, frère et sœur s’unissent l’un à l’autre ». En retour, ces derniers prônent une plus grande maîtrise des « reins », de même qu’une promiscuité sans trouble des hommes et des femmes. L’analyse de l’institution alévie des musahip, « couples conjoints », et du rituel associé, permet de comprendre comment, en Turquie, la libido et sa maîtrise sont amenées à énoncer la mesure des hommes et des communautés. Partant d’une accusation d’inceste rituel, ce texte explore ainsi la manière dont la sexualité est sollicitée, ou aliénée, pour reproduire une différence confessionnelle.