bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paulo Mendes da Rocha:
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Alves da , Guadanhim Sidnei Junior , Hirota Ercilia Hitomi
Published: February 2019

Este artigo enfoca a pesquisa em Metodologia de Projeto e pretende apresentar as estratégias adotadas por Paulo Mendes da Rocha e equipe MMBB Arquitetos, durante o projeto de remodelação das áreas de acolhimento do edifício da FIESP, que ocorreu entre os anos de 1996 e 1998. O mapeamento desse processo de projeto tem como objetivo apresentar as ações adotadas sobre os problemas decorrentes deste projeto específico, na visão dos arquitetos Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Milton Braga, Marta Moreira, Angelo Bucci e do engenheiro Jorge Zaven Kurkdjian. O resultado do estudo aponta para um processo caracterizado pela reflexão sobre os valores a serem construídos à situação e a estruturação inicial do problema de forma isolada por Mendes da Rocha que busca potencialidades da situação, sendo essas potencialidades intrínsecas à sua personalidade, que valoriza a inteligência das técnicas de construção, o funcionamento racional do projeto, a ligação do edifício ao contexto urbano e a proporcionalidade dos elementos que compõem o edifício...
Processo de produção arquitetônica na zona rural do município de Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul: 1938 A 1950. Parte II
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Oliveira Fábio Fernando Martins
Published: February 2019

A região onde se situa a cidade de Rio Brilhante, inicialmente, foi colonizada pela família dos “Barbosas”, oriunda de Minas Gerais, que a denominou Campos de Vacaria. A base econômica era a exploração de madeira e a coleta da erva-mate, posteriormente, a pecuária. Estas atividades propiciaram o acúmulo de capital, resultando na construção de edificações, com determinados materiais construtivos e ornamentos, tornando-as expressivas. Objetivou-se com este estudo mostrar a produção arquitetônica na zona rural do município de Rio Brilhante, Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 1838 a 1950, dentro do seu contexto histórico, através de visitas in loco, registro fotográfico, documentos, livros e relatos de pioneiros. Foram identificadas sete fazendas, com suas residências em madeira e alvenaria, cemitérios, instalações rurais e igrejas. Sua análise ocorreu através de sua volumetria, imagem, materiais construtivos, história e períodos, que reproduzem um ou mais conteúdos simbólicos em suas composições tipológicas, demonstrando suas inspirações estilísticas. Algumas dessas instalações ainda resistem ao tempo, retratando a história e a memória local da população.
Typification of three names in Justicia L. (Acanthaceae)
Authors: SOUMYA PULIYAKODE , SUNOJKUMAR PURAYIDATHKANDY
Published: February 2019

Three names in Justicia (Acanthaceae), J. glabra, J. bojeri, and J. rusbyi are lectotypified.
Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)
Authors: FUJIWARA KYOJI , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: February 2019

The clingfishes Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 and Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) are both redescribed as valid species, although the latter has previously been regarded as a junior synonym of the former. Lepadichthys frenatus and L. misakius are easily distinguished from their congeners by the following combination of characters: 14–19 dorsal-fin rays; 12–14 anal-fin rays; disc size moderate, its length 15.1–20.8 % of standard length (SL); and dorsal, anal and caudal fins connected by membranes. Lepadichthys misakius can be distinguished from L. frenatus by having 25–28 (modally 26 or 27) pectoral-fin rays [vs. 27–29 (29) in L. frenatus]; the upper end of the gill membrane level with the 5th to 8th (usually 6th) pectoral-fin ray base in lateral view [vs. 6th to 8th (7th)]; the lower 8th to 11th (9th) pectoral-fin ray base attached to the disc base by membrane [vs. 10th to 12th (11th)]; 7–11 (9) gill rakers on each arch [vs. 11–14 (12)]; anterior, posterior and least interorbital widths 9.0–11.8 (mean 10.7), 13.4–16.9 (15.3) and 3.2–8.8 (6.2) % SL, respectively [vs. 8.4–10.2 (9.4), 12.1–14.7 (13.5) and 2.8–5.9 (4.8) % SL, respectively]; and NC2 (nasal canal pore) usually located between the anterior and posterior margins of the posterior nostril (vs. usually located before the posterior nostril anterior margin). Morphological changes with growth of the two species are described in detail and a lectotype designated for L. frenatus.
Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: SAVARIS MARCOANDRE , NORRBOM ALLEN L. , MARINONI LUCIANE , LAMPERT SILVANA
Published: February 2019

Species of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae) are revised. Euarestoides comprises six species: E. abstersus (Loew) (Bahamas, eastern Canada and USA); E. acutangulus (Thomson) (Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, and Venezuela); E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Peru); E. dreisbachi Foote (Guatemala, Mexico, Peru); E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Brazil); and E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom, n. sp. (Colombia). A key to the known species of the genus is provided, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distributions, notes on the biology and host plant data for each species.
Chinchaysuyoa, a new genus of the fish family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with a redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and a new species description from Peru
Authors: MARCENIUK ALEXANDRE PIRES , MARCHENA JOSE , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO , BETANCUR-R. RICARDO
Published: February 2019

In recent years, morphological and molecular studies have improved our understanding about the relationships and classification schemes of the marine catfishes of the family Ariidae. A taxonomic issue that is still contentious concerns the limits and status of the freshwater Neotropical ariid diversity, in particular the species in the genus Potamarius. The delimitation of Potamarius is currently uncertain given the disjunct distribution of the species in Mesoamerica (Potamarius izabalensis, P. nelsoni and P. usumacintae, from Lake Izabal and Usumacinta River basins in Mexico to Guatemala) and Brazil (P. grandoculis, from coastal lakes in southeastern Brazil). The freshwater Arius labiatus and Hexanematichthys henni from the Peripa and Daule rivers in Ecuador that drain to the Eastern Pacific (EP), have also at times been listed as species inquirenda in Potamarius. Here, we redescribe Arius labiatus, redefine the taxonomic status of Hexanematichthys henni, as junior synonym of Arius labiatus, and describe a new species from Peru that is closely related to Arius labiatus. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, we also describe a new genus (Chinchaysuyoa) for the two South American species.
Description of Tylencholaimus discus sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Tylencholaimidae) from Iran
Authors: GOLHASAN BEHROUZ , HEYDARI RAMIN , PEÑA-SANTIAGO REYES
Published: February 2019

A new species of the genus Tylencholaimus, collected in natural areas of Iran, is described and illustrated, including SEM observations. Tylencholaimus discus sp. n. is characterized by its 0.65–0.76 mm long body, lip region offset by weak constriction and 7–7.5 µm broad with a conspicuous perioral disc, odontostyle 6–7 µm long, odontophore 9–10.5 µm long and visibly flanged rather than knobbed, neck 230–259 µm long with anterior region weakly muscular and basal expansion 98–125 µm long or occupying 42–49% of total neck length, female genital system mono-prodelphic, posterior branch reduced to a uterine sac 2–20 µm long or much shorter (0.1–0.6 times) than body diameter but very occasionally consisting of uterus, sphincter and a small terminal mass all together measuring 35–40 µm long, V = 65–74, tail short and rounded (13–17 µm, c = 41–57, c’ = 0.6–0.8), and male unknown.
Modulations of the Diurnal Cycle of Coastal Rainfall over South China Caused by the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Zhang Fuqing , Ruppert James H.
Published: February 2019

The influence of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) on the diurnal cycle of coastal rainfall over south China during the mei-yu (heavy rainfall) season is investigated using the OLR-based Madden–Julian oscillation index (OMI), satellite rainfall data, and atmospheric reanalysis. Results show that the mei-yu season coastal rainfall is enhanced during the BSISO phase 1 (convectively active phase over the western Indian Ocean), with 25% greater rainfall than the climatological regional mean. Rainfall is suppressed during the BSISO phases 4 and 5 (convectively active phase in the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea), with negative rainfall anomalies of 39% and 46%, respectively. During phase 1, the rainfall enhancement is mostly over the inland region during the afternoon, while there is little diurnal variability of the rainfall anomaly offshore. During phases 4 and 5, the rainfall suppression is considerably stronger over the offshore region in the morning, whereas stronger rainfall suppression occurs inland during the afternoon. In phase 8, positive rainfall anomalies are found over the offshore region with a peak from the morning to the early afternoon, whereas negative rainfall anomalies are found over the inland region with the strongest suppression in the late afternoon. Analysis of phase composites and horizontal moisture advection shows that the diurnal variation of rainfall anomalies over the south China coastal area during different BSISO phases can be interpreted as the interaction between the large-scale anomalous moisture advection and the local land and sea breeze circulations.
On Producing Reliable and Affordable Numerical Weather Forecasts on Public Cloud-Computing Infrastructure
Authors: Chui Timothy C. Y. , Siuta David , West Gregory , Modzelewski Henryk , Schigas Roland , Stull Roland
Published: February 2019

Cloud-computing resources are increasingly used in atmospheric research and real-time weather forecasting. The aim of this study is to explore new ways to reduce cloud-computing costs for real-time numerical weather prediction (NWP). One way is to compress output files to reduce data egress costs. File compression techniques can reduce data egress costs by over 50%. Data egress costs can be further minimized by postprocessing in the cloud and then exporting the smaller resulting files while discarding the bulk of the raw NWP output. Another way to reduce costs is to use preemptible resources, which are virtual machines (VMs) on the Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that clients can use at an 80% discount (compared to nonpreemptible VMs), but which can be turned off by the GCP without warning. By leveraging the restart functionality in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, preemptible resources can be used to save 60%–70% in weather simulation costs without compromising output reliability. The potential cost savings are demonstrated in forecasts over the Canadian Arctic and in a case study of NWP runs for the West African monsoon (WAM) of 2017. The choice in model physics, VM specification, and use of the aforementioned cost-saving measures enable simulation costs to be low enough such that the cloud can be a viable platform for running short-range ensemble forecasts when compared to the cost of purchasing new computer hardware.
Simple Rules for a Network Efficiency Business Model: The Case of Vizio
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan , Matzler Kurt
Published: February 2019

Business models that unlock efficiency across entire networks are becoming increasingly common in the so-called sharing economy. However, the principles underlying these models can also be used in B2B settings. This article proposes some simple rules that managers can use in a systematic process to build similar disruptive business models. It illustrates these rules by deconstructing the go-to-market strategy that resulted in Vizio becoming the dominant flat panel TV vendor in the United States.
An experimental study on milling of natural fiber (jute)- reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Çelik Yahya H , Kilickap Erol , Kilickap Ali İmran
Published: February 2019

The interest in materials having natural, environmentally friendly, renewable and low density/cost is increasing day by day due to sanctions imposed to reduce the emission rates, especially the Kyoto Protocol. In recent years, the use of environmentally friendly composites by using natural fibers such as flax, jute and sisal has increased in engineering applications. Milling operation has frequently been an important method of machining which can achieve the desired dimensions and tolerances for the plate-shaped parts. In this study, the effects of cutting parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate on cutting force, delamination factor and surface roughness in end milling of jute fiber-reinforced polymer composite plates with different orientation angle (0°/90°, 30°/−60° and ±45°) were examined by using the cemented carbide (WC) end mills (two, three and four number of flutes). Cutting force, deformation factor and surface roughness were found to be influenced by the feed rate and cutting speeds. In addition, increasing the number of the flutes of the cutting tools reduced the cutting force, delamination factor and surface roughness.
Thermal decomposition and mechanical characterization of poly (lactic acid) and potato starch blend reinforced with biowaste SiO2
Authors: Imam Muhammad A , Jeelani Shaik , Rangari Vijaya K
Published: February 2019

In this study, SiO2 nanoparticles were infused into BIOPLAST GF 106/02 using melt extrusion process to study the effect of biowaste derived crystalline SiO2 as a filler material. The Swagelok autogenic pressure reactor was used to derive the biobased SiO2. The ball milling technique was used to reduce the particle sizes. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of the composite polymers. By the addition of reduced rice husks derived silica, the degradation temperature was increased from 300 ℃ to 314 ℃. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was also increased from 54 ℃ to 77 ℃, which is around 42% increase as compared to neat polymer. The activation energy of the first degradation of rice husk–derived SiO2 composite also increased by around 77% with the addition of rice husks silica which attributed to the improvement of the fire-retardant properties. Additionally, mechanical strength was measured by using a tensile test and the failure mechanism was studied by analyzing the fracture surfaces. The tensile strength of rice husks silica-reinforced BIOPLAST GF 106/02 is ∼50.77 MPa, which is a significant increase in tensile properties compared to neat BIOPLAST GF 106/02 (25 MPa).
Hydrothermal treatment of sisal fiber for composite preparation
Authors: da Luz Juliana , Losekann Marcelo Andre , dos Santos Andressa , Halison de Oliveira Jean , Girotto Emerson Marcelo , Moises Murilo Pereira , Radovanovic Eduardo , Fávaro Silvia Luciana
Published: February 2019

The influence of hydrothermal carbonization of sisal fibers on the mechanical properties of composites based on recycled polypropylene matrices was investigated in this paper. The fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The composites, with short fibers randomly distributed, processed by extrusion and injection processes, were characterized using quasi-static tensile and impact mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy. The hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers, proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, besides increasing the material's crystallinity, caused a larger adherence on the interface fiber/polymer matrix as verified in the scanning electron micrographs. The addition of 10% and 20% of 2 h hydrothermal carbonized sisal fibers treatment produced a composite with, respectively, an increase of 17.9% and 32.2%, on the modulus of elasticity, of 9.25% and 52.3% on the resistance to impact and of 19.06% and 29.85% on yield strength, in comparison to the recycled polypropylene. The hydrothermal carbonization technique changed the concept of recycling the polypropylene allowing new applications to the produced materials due to its mechanical properties.
The NHS refuses treatment
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: February 2019

This article considers situations where treatment is refused and whether this is reasonable taking into account statutory duties, efficacy of treatment, the role and advice of NICE, local and general resources. What should be the priorities for treatment? Eligibility for treatment, the economic case for an early intervention and/or preventative medicine, caesarean sections, human rights, examples from the cases.
Aesthetic labour, class and taste: Mobility aspirations of middle-class women working in luxury-retail
Authors: Boyle Bryan , De Keere Kobe
Published: February 2019

Previous research has shown how the embodied performances expected from service workers make cultural class background important for entry into these forms of jobs. However, class judgement continues to impact the worker post-entry and on-the-job. We explore this through a qualitative study of 18 middle-class women working in luxury-retail stores in Amsterdam, asking how they acquire the taste of their store for aesthetic labour. This is a case we consider pertinent given the significant class difference between these workers and their economically rich clientele. We found that: (1) workers constructed the products they sold as distinct by devaluing ‘popular’ fashion products; (2) workers managed to acquire luxury knowledge through their work practices; (3) workers purchased luxury products via employee discount, the availability of which triggered allures to emulate their upper-class customers; (4) acquiring this taste was perceived as cultural-social mobility, a perception reinforced by feelings of recognition within private consumption practices; and (5) these endeavours were often marked by both avidity and anxiety, as work concerns conflated with class concerns. We conclude by arguing that systems of classification and the labour process work in alloy, as the necessities of work drive conformity to legitimate taste and, in turn, the legitimacy of taste assists in achieving worker motivation and the extraction of labour. This, we believe, reflects potential complementarity between domination and exploitation models of class analysis.
Enterprise social media use and overload: A curvilinear relationship
Authors: Chen Xiayu , Wei Shaobo
Published: February 2019

Considerable research has focused on the positive effects of information technology use. However, emerging research and practice commentary highlight the importance of considering the negative side of information technology use. The current study investigates how enterprise social media use (i.e. work- and social-related use) influences employees’ perceived overload (i.e. information and social overload), which in turn affects enterprise social media-related strain. In addition, we posit that communication visibility moderates the nonlinear relationship between enterprise social media use and overload. Using a survey of 282 enterprise social media users in the workplace as a basis, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between work-related enterprise social media use and information overload and between work-related enterprise social media use and social overload. Moreover, a U-shaped relationship is found between social-related enterprise social media use and information overload and between social-related enterprise social media use and social overload. Communication visibility positively moderates the inverted U-shaped relationships between work-related enterprise social media use and information overload and between work-related enterprise social media use and social overload, but negatively moderates the U-shaped relationship between social-related enterprise social media use and information overload. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
Assessment of Risk for Seclusion Among Forensic Inpatients: Validation and Modification of the Risk of Administrative Segregation Tool (RAST)
Authors: Hilton N. Zoe , Ham Elke , Seto Michael C.
Published: February 2019

Seclusion is used in psychiatric care to protect patients and staff or to manage aggression but may have adverse effects. The ability to identify at-risk patients could help reduce seclusion. This study tested the Risk of Administrative Segregation Tool’s (RAST) ability to predict any seclusions among 229 male forensic inpatients followed for up to 1 year of hospitalization, and days spent secluded, controlling for length of stay. RAST scores were lower than in correctional samples. The RAST did not predict seclusions in Year 1, but modification of three items to fit the forensic population (RAST-F) offered a small improvement. Among 62 patients hospitalized for more than 1 year, the RAST significantly predicted seclusions in Year 2, and the modifications improved prediction. The present modest findings support the RAST’s potential to help identify patients most in need of clinical efforts to avert seclusion. Replication in larger samples, including female patients, is needed.
Politics, human rights, and social policy under contemporary populist regimes: The view from Trump-America and socialist Venezuela
Authors: Gill Timothy M
Published: February 2019

This debate comment addresses populism within the US under Trump, and Venezuela under former President Hugo Chavez. It draws out some of the parallels and disconnects between them, and provides a discussion of politics, human rights, and social policy under them.
Solar TDOA measurement and integrated navigation for formation flying
Authors: Yu Ziyuan , Liu Jin , Pan Chao , Guo Lvqian , Kang Zhiwei , Ma Xin
Published: February 2019

To improve the positioning accuracy of autonomous celestial navigation systems when flying in formation, we exploit the fact that the sole light source in the solar system is the Sun to directly provide positioning information for relative navigation. We term this solar Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) navigation for formation flying. Solar light has the potential to provide a solar Time of Arrival (TOA) because of its unstable intensity. However, the solar TOA cannot be used for navigation because it has no baseline. To solve this problem, we took the difference between the solar TOAs of two spacecraft (the solar TDOA) as the basis for navigational measurement. The solar TDOA represents the relative distance between two spacecraft in a radial direction. However, whilst the solar TDOA is insensitive to solar direction errors, a free-standing solar TDOA navigation system is not observable. We therefore combined the solar TDOA with the Mars direction and inter-satellite link navigation system, to form an integrated solar TDOA/Mars direction/inter-satellite link navigation method for formation flying. Simulation results indicate that solar TDOA-based integrated navigation for formation flying can provide highly accurate navigation information, especially under relative conditions.
Frequency response characteristics of finite periodic chiral structures with three ligaments
Authors: Su Xunwen , Zhu Dongmei , Zheng Chao , Tomovic Mileta M
Published: February 2019

The frequency response model of the chiral structure with three ligaments is built using finite element method. By the unit harmonic excitation force, the displacement responses of the point of applying unit force and a point far away from that point are obtained. The effects of different geometric parameters and the filler in the nodes on the response characteristics under medium–low frequency are studied. The results indicate that the node radius, ligament thickness, and ligament length have significant effects on the frequency response characteristics of the chiral structure with three ligaments. The starting frequency and the gap width of the frequency gap can be adjusted by changing the node radius of the limited periodic chiral structure. The filler in the nodes can change the starting frequency and width of the frequency gap. Hence, the narrow band gap under low frequency is obtained. When the frequency of the vibration is in the band gap, the chiral structure with the three ligaments has good attenuation characteristics. The results of this paper can provide the references for the design of chiral structure in the aeronautic and aerospace engineering.
Prehistoric palaeodemographics and regional land cover change in eastern Iberia
Authors: Fyfe Ralph M , Woodbridge Jessie , Palmisano Alessio , Bevan Andrew , Shennan Stephen , Burjachs Francesc , Legarra Herrero Borja , García Puchol Oreto , Carrión José-Sebastián , Revelles Jordi , Roberts C Neil
Published: February 2019

Much attention has been placed on the drivers of vegetation change on the Iberian Peninsula. While climate plays a key role in determining the species pools within different regions and exerts a strong influence on broad vegetation patterning, the role of humans, particularly during prehistory, is less clear. The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of prehistoric population change on shaping vegetation patterns in eastern Iberia and the Balearic Islands between the start of the Neolithic and the late Bronze Age. In all, 3385 radiocarbon dates have been compiled across the study area to provide a palaeodemographic proxy (radiocarbon summed probability distributions (SPDs)). Modelled trends in palaeodemographics are compared with regional-scale vegetation patterns deduced from analysis of 30 fossil pollen sequences. The pollen sequences have been standardised with count data aggregated into contiguous 200-year time windows from 11,000 cal. yr BP to the present. Samples have been classified using cluster analysis to determine the predominant regional land cover types through the Holocene. Regional human impact indices and diversity metrics have been derived for north-east and south-east Spain and the Balearic Islands. The SPDs show characteristic boom-and-bust cycles of population growth and collapse, but there is no clear synchronism between north-east and south-east Spain other than the rise of Neolithic farming. In north-east Iberia, patterns of demographic change are strongly linked to changes in vegetation diversity and human impact indicator groups. In the south-east, increases in population throughout the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age result in more open landscapes and increased vegetation diversity. The demographic maximum occurred early in the 3rd millennium cal. BP on the Balearic Islands and is associated with the highest levels of human impact indicator groups. The results demonstrate the importance of population change in shaping the abundance and diversity of taxa within broad climatically determined biomes.
Robustness, Sensitivity, and Sampling Variability of Pareto-Optimal Selection System Solutions to Address the Quality-Diversity Trade-Off
Authors: De Corte Wilfried , Sackett Paul R. , Lievens Filip
Published: February 2019

In case that both the goals of selection quality and diversity are important, a selection system is Pareto-optimal (PO) when its implementation is expected to result in an optimal balance between the levels achieved with respect to both these goals. The study addresses the critical issue whether PO systems, as computed from calibration conditions, continue to perform well when applied to a large variety of different validation selection situations. To address the key issue, we introduce two new measures for gauging the achievement of these designs and conduct a large simulation study in which we manipulate 10 factors (related to the selection situation, sensitivity/robustness, and the selection system) that cumulate in a design with 3,888 cells and 24 selection systems. Results demonstrate that PO systems are superior to other, non-PO systems (including unit weighed system designs) both in terms of the achievement measures as well as in terms of yielding more often a better quality/diversity trade-off. The study also identifies a number of conditions that favor the achievement of PO systems in realistic selection situations.
Insights into microbiome research 5: Mapping is first but function must come next
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E
Published: February 2019

Several efforts identifying differential bacterial prevalence in the gut of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have been reported and many more are underway. While these are critical first steps in determining the involvement of gut microbes in MS pathogenesis, functional assays (both in vitro and in vivo) are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the observed changes and ultimately implementing interventional strategies to counter severity, progression or even reduce the chance that it develops in the first place.
Assessing the role of social media in tourism recovery in tsunami-hit coastal areas in Tohoku, Japan
Authors: Fukui Miho , Ohe Yasuo
Published: February 2019

Social media have become increasingly popular. However, there has been little investigation on how to effectively mobilize this newly emerging tool to promote tourism in rural areas. The aims of this article are twofold. First, among social media, we explore the role of Twitter for tourism promotion, especially by focusing on the recovery process of tourism in a rural area affected by the huge earthquake and tsunami, Magnitude 9.0, which hit eastern Japan in March 2011. Second, to approach the first purpose, we compare two types of tourism: ordinary tourism and ‘volunteer tourism’. As to the latter, a massive number of volunteers came to these areas to help in the recovery work from the devastation such as removing debris and helping evacuees rehabilitate their lives in Iwate prefecture. We employed a text-mining method to find keywords used in the official Twitter account issued by the Iwate Prefectural government and time-series regression models to identify factors that promote the two types of tourism. Data were collected using official statistics on incoming numbers of ordinary tourists and volunteer tourists. Tweeted information was provided by Iwate Prefecture. The results revealed that, first, tweeted information on cultural and natural heritage had a positive relationship with the number of incoming tourists while information on disaster-related words had negative effects. In contrast, second, tweeted information on tourism resources worked negatively toward the number of volunteer tourists while that on rehabilitation/reconstruction and on volunteers worked positively. Consequently, it is important to design support measures that enable the local tourism sector to attract incoming tourists after a drop-in volunteer tourism as reconstruction of the disaster area progresses. In this context, our results suggest how to effectively utilize Twitter for this purpose.
Punching shear resistance of strengthened reinforced concrete interior slab–column connections using ultra-high-performance strain-hardening cementitious composite material
Authors: Afefy Hamdy M , El-Tony El-Tony M
Published: February 2019

The main target of this article is to find out the most applicable strengthening technique to change the brittle punching shear failure of slab–column connection to a ductile one. The considered strengthening technique uses the combined effect of the internal single-leg stirrups and a thin layer of ultra-high-performance strain hardening cementitious composite material provided in either tension or compression side. Thus, 12 slab specimens divided into four groups were prepared and configured. It was found that the slab provided with properly anchored single-leg stirrups with a cross-shaped thin layer of ultra-high-performance strain hardening cementitious composite material at the compression side proved the most efficient technique among all the considered configurations. This technique enabled the slab to sustain a punching load of about 2.38 times that of the control unstrengthened slab. In addition, it exhibited ductile failure showing strain hardening and softening plateaus. Finally, the experimental shear resistances of all the strengthened slabs were compared against the design resistances stipulated by different design standards such as the ECP 203-2007, ACI 318-14, DIN 1045-1, and EC2-2004 codes. It can be concluded that the failure characteristics stipulated by the DIN 1045-1 code showed the most rational results compared with those of the experimental findings.
In Front of the Lens: The Expectations, Experiences, and Reactions of Visual Journalism’s Subjects
Authors: Thomson T. J.
Published: February 2019

Visual journalism is a curious form of interaction usually involving strangers who have their private lives transformed—wittingly or not—into public objects of attention. Sometimes the interaction between journalist and subject is extended and in-depth, sometimes it is brief and shallow, and sometimes it is nonexistent. People are often reactive to cameras, and tension can exist between the idealized ways people want to be depicted and the ways journalists visually render them. Considering that visual media are “complex reflections of a relationship between maker and subject in which both play roles in shaping their character and content,” scholars have called for more research on journalists’ subjects and how they behave in front of the visual news media. This work answers that call and provides one of the first empirical glimpses into how people regard the experience of being photographed and video-recorded by journalists. As a primary arc of the work is concerned with the nature of experience, it adopts a phenomenological approach and seeks to identify (a) the expectations that news media subjects have of visual journalists, (b) how journalists’ subjects perceive the experience of being photographed and video-recorded in a news media context, and (c) how the subject’s identities and representational aspirations affect their perception of the imaging event. These questions are explored through a four-pronged approach: (a) nonparticipant observations, (b) word association exercises, (c) in-depth interviews, and (d) photo-elicitations. The findings suggest that subjects are more outcome- rather than process-focused; that technological changes and resulting behavior shifts are altering the nature of reality and experience, which has implications for privacy and consent; and that perception is quite fluid and can be affected by identity, habituation, and emotionally valenced experiences.
Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Prognosis Data Identifies FGF22 as a Prognostic Marker of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Hong-Yan , Zhao Hui , Li Wen-Xing
Published: February 2019

Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma development are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of anti-lung cancer target genes in different cancer stages and to explore their functions in tumor development. Lung adenocarcinoma transcriptome and clinical data were downloaded from Genomic Data Commons Data Portal, and the anti-lung cancer target genes were retrieved from the Thomson Reuters Integrity database. The results showed that 16 anti-lung target genes were deregulated in all stages. Among these target genes, fibroblast growth factor 22 showed the most important role in transcription regulatory networks. Further analysis revealed that APC, BRIP1, and PTTG1 may regulate fibroblast growth factor 22 and subsequently influence MAPK signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathways, and other tumorigenic processes in all stages. Moreover, high fibroblast growth factor 22 expression leads to poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.55, P = .019). These findings provide valuable information for the pathological research and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Future studies are needed to verify these results.
One-Hit Wonders and 2-Hit Tubers: A Second-Hit to TSC2 Causes Tuber-Like Cells in Spheroids
Authors: Goswami Sonal , Hsieh Jenny
Published: February 2019

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Increased interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels after instrumented lumbar spine fusion in older patients
Authors: Repo Jussi P , Häkkinen Arja H , Porkka Tuukka , Häkkinen Keijo , Kautiainen Hannu , Kyrölä Kati , Neva Marko H
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) blood concentrations after lumbar spine fusion may be affected by age. The purpose of this prospective observational study was to assess postoperative serum levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and CRP after instrumented lumbar spine fusion surgery. We hypothesized that older patients would have increased levels of IL-6 and CRP after surgery.

Methods:

IL-6 and high-sensitive CRP biochemical marker levels were measured before instrumented spinal fusion, and postoperatively at 1 and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months. The 49 patients in this sample were divided into two groups: age ≤ 60 years ( n = 23) and age > 60 years ( n = 26).

Results:

Acute changes in IL-6 high-sensitivity and CRP from preoperative levels to postoperative day (POD) 1 increased with age. Mean (95% CI) difference between the age-groups in changes of IL-6 at PODs 1 and 3 was 45 pg/ml (10–83, p = 0.014) and 20 pg/ml (5–36, p = 0.021), respectively. Mean (95% CI) difference between groups in changes of CRP at PODs 1 and 3 was 9.6 mg/l (−3.5 to 22.7, p = 0.47) and 24.8 mg/l (−17 to 67, p = 0.33), respectively. Both groups had decreased IL-6 and CRP levels at 6 weeks after surgery compared to the preoperative level.

Conclusions:

Elevation of IL-6 and CRP is stronger in patients over 60 years old after instrumented lumbar spinal fusion. The CRP and IL-6 are sensitive markers for acute postoperative inflammation. Even high acute CRP values do not necessarily indicate postoperative infection.
Predicting Unauthorized Salvadoran Migrants’ First Migration to the United States between 1965 and 2007
Authors: Flores-Yeffal Nadia Y. , Pren Karen A.
Published: February 2019

Although Salvadoran emigration to the United States is one of the most important migratory flows emanating from Latin America, there is insufficient information about the predictors of first unauthorized migration from El Salvador to the United States. In this study, we use data from the Latin American Migration Project–El Salvador (LAMP-ELS4) to perform an event history analysis to discern the factors that influenced the likelihood that a Salvadoran household head would take a first unauthorized trip to the United States between 1965 and 2007. We take into account a series of demographic, social capital, human capital, and physical capital characteristics of the Salvadoran household head; demographic and social context variables in the place of origin; as well as economic and border security factors at the place of destination.

Our findings suggest that an increase in the Salvadoran civil violence index and a personal economic crisis increased the likelihood of first-time unauthorized migration. Salvadorans who were less likely to take a first unauthorized trip were business owners, those employed in skilled occupations, and persons with more years of experience in the labor force. Contextual variables in the United States, such as a high unemployment rate and an increase in the Border Patrol budget, deterred the decision to take a first unauthorized trip. Finally, social capital had no effect on the decision to migrate; this means that for unauthorized Salvadoran migrants, having contacts in the United States is not the main driver to start a migration journey to the United States.

We suggest as policy recommendations that the United States should award Salvadorans more work-related visas or asylum protection. For those Salvadorans whose Temporary Protected Status (TPS) has ended, the United States should allow them to apply for permanent residency. The decision not to continue to extend TPS to Salvadorans will only increase the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States. The United States needs to revise its current immigration policies, which make it a very difficult and/or extremely lengthy process for Salvadorans and other immigrants to regularize their current immigration status in the United States. Furthermore, because of our research findings, we recommend that the Salvadoran government — to discourage out-migration — invest in high-skilled job training and also offer training and credit opportunities to its population to encourage business ventures.
Pulmonary exacerbations in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an expert consensus definition for use in clinical trials
Authors: Lucas Jane S. , Gahleitner Florian , Amorim Adelina , Boon Mieke , Brown Philippa , Constant Carolina , Cook Simon , Crowley Suzanne , Destouches Damien M.S. , Eber Ernst , Mussaffi Huda , Haarman Eric , Harris Amanda , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Kuehni Claudia E. , Latzin Philipp , Loebinger Michael R. , Lorent Natalie , Maitre Bernard , Moreno-Galdó Antonio , Nielsen Kim G. , Özçelik Uğur , Philipsen Lue Katrine Drasbæk , Pohunek Petr , Polverino Eva , Rademacher Jessica , Robinson Phil , Snijders Deborah , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Carr Siobhán B.
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary exacerbations are a cause of significant morbidity in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and are frequently used as an outcome measure in clinical research into chronic lung diseases. So far, there has been no consensus on the definition of pulmonary exacerbations in PCD.

30 multidisciplinary experts and patients developed a consensus definition for children and adults with PCD. Following a systematic review, the panel used a modified Delphi process with a combination of face-to-face meetings and e-surveys to develop a definition that can be used in research settings for children and adults with PCD.

A pulmonary exacerbation was defined by the presence of three or more of the following seven items: 1) increased cough, 2) change in sputum volume and/or colour, 3) increased shortness of breath perceived by the patient or parent, 4) decision to start or change antibiotic treatment because of perceived pulmonary symptoms, 5) malaise, tiredness, fatigue or lethargy, 6) new or increased haemoptysis, and 7) temperature >38°C.

The consensus panel proposed that the definition should be used for future clinical trials. The definition should be validated and the usability assessed during these studies.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Growth inhibition and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells induced by Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD): involvement of Wnt/β-catenin and other signal transduction pathways
Authors: Razak Suhail , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alam Iftikhar , Jahan Sarwat
Published: February 2019

Background

More than the two decades, the question of whether vitamin D has a role in cancer frequency, development, and death has been premeditated in detail. Colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers have been a scrupulous spot of center, altogether, these three malignancies report for approximately 35% of cancer cases and 20% of cancer demises in the United States, and as such are a chief public health apprehension. The aim was to evaluate antitumor activity of Vitamin D-Nanoemulsion (NVD) in colorectal cancer cell lines and HCT116 xenograft model in a comprehensive approach.

Methods

Two human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 (gained from College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, KSA were grown. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide protocol were performed to show the impact of NVD and β-catenin inhibitor (FH535) on the viability of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Apoptosis/cell cycle assay was performed. Analysis was done with a FACScan (Becton–Dickinson, NJ). About 10,000 cells per sample were harvested and Histograms of DNA were analyzed with ModiFitLT software (verity Software House, ME, USA). Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed for protein and gene expression respectively in in vitro and in vivo.

Results

We found that NVD induced cytotoxicity in colorectal cells in a dose-dependent manner and time dependent approach. Further, our data validated that NVD administration of human colorectal cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells resulted in cell growth arrest, alteration in molecules regulating cell cycle operative in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis in a dose dependent approach. Further our results concluded that NVD administration decreases expression of β-catenin gene, AKT gene and Survivin gene and protein expression in in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that targeting β-catenin gene may encourage the alterations of cell cycle and cell cycle regulators. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway possibly takes part in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer cells through regulating cell cycle and the expression of cell cycle regulators.
Differences in mood instability in patients with bipolar disorder type I and II: a smartphone-based study
Authors: Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Frost Mads , Busk Jonas , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Bardram Jakob E. , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel
Published: February 2019

Background

Mood instability in bipolar disorder is associated with a risk of relapse. This study investigated differences in mood instability between patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II, which previously has been sparingly investigated.

Methods

Patients with bipolar disorder type I (n = 53) and type II (n = 31) used a daily smartphone-based self-monitoring system for 9 months. Data in the present reflect 15.975 observations of daily collected smartphone-based data on patient-evaluated mood.

Results

In models adjusted for age, gender, illness duration and psychopharmacological treatment, patients with bipolar disorder type II experienced more mood instability during depression compared with patients with bipolar disorder type I (B: 0.27, 95% CI 0.007; 0.53, p = 0.044), but lower intensity of manic symptoms. Patients with bipolar disorder type II did not experience lower mean mood or higher intensity of depressive symptoms compared with patients with bipolar disorder type I.

Conclusions

Compared to bipolar disorder type I, patients with bipolar disorder type II had higher mood instability for depression. Clinically it is of importance to identify these inter-episodic symptoms. Future studies investigating the effect of treatment on mood instability measures are warranted.

Trial registration NCT02221336