bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Analysis of Past Presidents of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Luebs John K. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: April 2024

Background Little is known about the relative contributions and interactions of the past presidents of the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) and skull base centers.

Objectives (1) Measure academic contributions of past presidents; (2) identify influential nodes of academic collaboration; (3) identify opportunities for future collaboration.

Methods Peer-reviewed publications of past presidents of NASBS from 1964 to July 2019 were identified using Scopus author name search. Network structures were constructed and analyzed using the graph-tool python library to produce a weighted co-authorship network base and compute centrality measures. Girvan–Newman clustering was applied to identify community structure. Network maps were then produced using Gephi network visualization software with force-directed layout algorithms.

Results The coauthor network of 29 presidents was fully connected, with a maximum shortest-path distance between presidents of 5. The mean number of connections from each node without respect to weighting was 5.31 (standard deviation [SD]: 3.53), and the mean number of connections with weighting was 8.40 (SD: 7.28). The number of unweighted connections ranged from 1 to 14 and weighted connections ranged from 0.25 to 24.7. Girvan–Newman clustering identified three communities with two that covered 93% of the network. The largest communities contained 14 and 13 presidents. The number of connections was correlated with h-index, both unweighted (r
2 = 0.34) and weighted (r
2 = 0.26).

Conclusion Network mapping of past presidents of the NASBS helps to capture the history of the NASBS and reveals areas of concentration and influence within the specialty.
Impact of the Lumbar Catheter on the Incidence of Postsurgical Meningitis in the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Authors: Maskin Luis Patricio , Noya Santiago E. , Caffaratti Guido , Echarri Maria Martina , Hlavnicka Alejandro , Cervio Andres
Published: April 2024

Objectives Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) procedures are inherently contaminated due to direct access through the nasopharyngeal mucosa. The reported rate of postoperative meningitis in EEA procedures is between 0.7 and 10%. Lumbar catheters are used in EEA surgeries to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, but their use is associated with increased infection rates. This study investigated whether there is a difference in rates of postoperative meningitis based on lumbar catheter (LC) utilization.

Methods We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent EEA surgeries between January 2016 and March 2023 at a single institution (Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia).

Main Outcome Incidence of meningitis following EEA surgery with lumbar catheter.

Results Seventy-two patients were enrolled, median age was 44 years, and 53% were female. The most frequent surgery performed was craniopharyngioma 46% (26 patients). A LC was used in 28 patients. Meningitis was diagnosed in 11 of 72 patients (15.2%), being higher in the LC group (10 patients). The odds ratio for the development of meningitis in the presence of an LC was 23.38 (95% confidence interval, 2.77–123.78; p < 0.004). There was no statistical difference in the reported incidence of meningitis when CSF leak was present.

Conclusions This study demonstrates an extremely high incidence of meningitis (36%) following EEA procedures when an LC is used. The incidence of meningitis was not significantly associated with CSF leak in our cohort.
Base-Mediated Synthesis of 2-Bromobenzoheterocycles
Authors: Lautens Mark , Arora Ramon , Li Shangyu , Stommer Maik , Mirabi Bijan
Published: April 2024

A base-mediated cyclization to synthesize 2-bromobenzoheterocycles is reported. This transformation was demonstrated with 16 examples to access a broad range of brominated benzoheterocycles. Mechanistic studies support the reaction proceeds through a bromoalkyne, and revealed an exchangeable proton at C3 of the indole products.
Total Synthesis of Moiramide B Using an Allylic Alkylation Approach
Authors: Kazmaier Uli , Prudel Cynthia
Published: April 2024

An allylic side chain is introduced onto a chiral γ-amino-β-ketoamide by a Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation. Subsequent ozonolysis and oxidation proceed only with Cbz-protected ketoamides. The total synthesis of moiramide B is finalized by peptide coupling.
Correlative Factors of Severity of Air Bubbles in the Large Intestine during Colonoscopy
Authors: Yoshikawa Takaaki , Yamauchi Atsushi , Itami Kumi , Odo Shinichiro , Soma Yoshihiro , Tanaka Kosuke , Negoro Kazuki , Mori Yuki , Osawa Kazuki , Itou Ryou , Kawai Yuya , Nakagami Sota , Azuma Shunjiro , Morita Toshihiro , Hirohashi Kenshiro , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Takahashi Ken , Kou Tadayuki , Katayama Toshiro , Yazumi Shujiro
Published: April 2024

Objectives The condition of air bubbles in the large intestine is an influential factor for good quality of colonoscopy. However, the correlative factors of severity of air bubbles during colonoscopy in the large intestine are not established. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the correlative factors influencing the severity of air bubbles in the large intestine.

Materials and Methods A total of 314 examinees who underwent colonoscopy between August and September 2022 were enrolled (median age [range], 65 [18–88] years). Air bubbles were scored using the Colon Endoscopic Bubble Scale (CEBuS) and the clinical factors associated with the CEBuS scores, especially in the ileocecum, were analyzed.

Results In this study, 39.8% (125/314) of examinees harbored severe air bubbles in the ileocecum. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the CEBuS scores in the ileocecum were positively associated with the interval time from completion of bowel preparation to intubation of the cecum (p = 0.0016) and a history of cholecystectomy (p = 0.0198). Logistic regression analysis between no, mild, and moderate air bubbles group (n = 189) and severe air bubbles group (n = 125) also showed that severity was positively associated with the interval time from completion of bowel preparation to intubation of the cecum (p = 0.0332) and a history of cholecystectomy (p = 0.0095).

Conclusion Interval time and history of cholecystectomy were associated with severity of air bubbles in the large intestine after bowel preparation.
Kommentar: „Der Feind meines Feindes ist mein Freund“
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna
Published: April 2024

Die Pflegekammer Baden-Württemberg wird wahrscheinlich nicht kommen. Sozialminister Manfred Lucha (Grüne) verkündete die Nachricht nur fünf Tage nach Ablauf der Einspruchsfrist.
Rechtskolumne: BSG erleichtert stationäre Behandlung in Stroke Unit
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: April 2024

Das Bundessozialgericht (BSG) hat mit Urteil vom 29. August 2023 (Aktenzeichen B 1 KR 15/22 R) die Voraussetzungen für die stationäre Aufnahme bei Notfallbehandlungen in einem Schockraum oder auf einer Schlaganfallstation (Stroke Unit) abgesenkt.
Digitalstrategie des BMG: Das Ziel ist eine neue Medizin
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Was die Transformation des Gesundheitssystems angeht, gehört Deutschland weiter zu den Bummlern. Vor allem die Verzahnung von ambulanter und stationärer Versorgung kommt nicht voran. Dr. Jens Schick, COO bei Sana, wirft einen Blick auf die Hürden und Lösungsansätze einer digitalen Gesundheitslandschaft.
Krankenhausreform: Lauterbachs politische Alleingänge
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: April 2024

Das Krankenhaustransparenzgesetz ist im Vermittlungsausschuss bestätigt worden. Nun will Bundesgesundheitsminister Lauterbach die Krankenhausreform vorantreiben. In Kürze soll sein überarbeiteter Reformvorschlag in die Ressortabstimmung und dann am 24. April ins Kabinett.
Lichtblick: Aufmerksamkeit für Demenzpatienten
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: April 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Caller ID for toothed whales
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: April 2024

One-third octave levels can be used to effectively differentiate beluga whale and narwhal vocalizations.
Development of a double-well potential upon collisional activation that facilitates proton transfer in 9-methyl-8-oxoguanine-9-methyladenine base-pair radical cation
Authors: Moe May Myat , Liu Jianbo
Published: April 2024

8-Oxoguanine (OG) is the most common oxidatively generated nucleobase damage and can mispair with adenine (A) in Hoogsteen mode during replication. Besides introducing the G·C→T·A transversion mutation, the OG·A base pair is vulnerable to ionizing radiation and one-electron oxidation owing to the lower ionization and oxidation potentials of OG than natural DNA nucleobases. Herein, we report the formation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the radical cation of a model base pair consisting of nucleoside-mimicking 9-methyl-8-oxoguanine (9MOG) and 9-methyladenine (9MA). The [9MOG·9MA]•+ radical cation is formed in the gas phase by redox-separation of electrospray ionization-produced CuII-nucle-obase complexes, and its CID is examined using guided-ion beam tandem mass spectrometry. Measurement included kinetic energy-dependent dissociation product ions and cross sections, from which the product pairs of [9MOG – H]• + [9MA+H]+ (major dissociation channel) and 9MOG•+ + 9MA (minor) were detected with 0 K dissociation threshold energies of 1.8 and 1. 65 eV, respectively. The [9MOG·9MA]•+ structures were examined using density functional theory, and important conformations were all featured by complete intra-base pair proton transfer as [9MOG–H]•·[9MA+H]+. On the other hand, the production of 9MOG•++9MA in dissociation required a 9MOG•+·9MA intermediate. The results were rationalized by the discovery of a double-well potential that evolves on the reaction potential energy surface of the collisionally activated base pair, leading to the proton-transfer equilibrium of excited ([9MOG–H]•·[9MA+H]+)* ⇌ (9MOG•+·9MA)*. The combined experimental and theoretical work provides insight into the less intuitive aspects of this biologically-important, non-canonical base pair, especially its opening upon oxidative and ionization damage.
Theoretical study on photodissociation dynamics of vibrational excited states of H2S in the first absorption band
Authors: Gao Qian , Chen Junjie , Hu Xixi , Xie Daiqian
Published: April 2024

The photodissociation quantum dynamics for the first absorption band of H2S in different initial vibrational states have been investigated using Chebyshev real wave packet method. Because of the difference of the wave functions for the initial vibrational states, the calculated absorption spectra and the distributions of vibrational and rotational state of the products display different dynamic characteristics. The width and peak position of the absorption spectra for initial stretching excited states (1,0,0) and (0,0,1) are different from that of the vibrational ground state, while the (0,1,0) vibrational state has two almost equally high peaks in its absorption spectrum because of the change of wave function in angular coordinate. The product vibrational state distribution for (0,1,0) initial state weakly depends on the excitation energy and is dominated by the products of v=0, but SH(v=1) fragment is dominant at lower energy for (1,0,0) and (0,0,1) vibrational states. The rotational state distributions of products are very cold with the peak at j=l for these four states and weakly depend on the total energy. Besides, the rotational state distribution from (0,1,0) vibrational state displays strong oscillation, and its anisotropic parameter with rotational quantum numbers is also different from that of the other three vibrational states.
Pop-up Langmuir probe diagnostic in the water cooled divertor of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Pandey A. , Bohm S. , Carls A. , Cordes C. , Endler M. , Fellinger J. , Freundt S. , Gallowski K. , Hammond K. , Hathiramani D. , Isberner G. , Kallmeyer J. P. , Krause M. , Kügler J. , Otte M. , Pedersen T. S. , Rondeshagen D. , Ruhnau J. , Schröder T. , Sieber T. , Wendorf J. ,   W7-X Team
Published: April 2024

The design, development, and successful implementation of pop-up Langmuir probes installed in the water-cooled divertor of W7-X are described. The probes are controlled by drive coils (actuators) installed behind the divertor plates. These drive coils make use of the magnetic field in W7-X to move the probe tips into and out of the plasma. The drive coils were installed in the vacuum vessel after extensively testing the durability of the coils and analyzing the criteria for safe operation. The probe design is carefully tailored for each of the 36 probe tips in order to be suitable for the different magnetic field configurations used in W7-X and ensure that the probes do not present leading edges to the magnetic flux tubes. An electronic bridge circuit is used for measurement to compensate for the effects of signal propagation time on the long cable lengths used. The diagnostic is integrated with the segment control of W7-X for automated operation and control of the diagnostic. The evaluation of the results from the plasma operation is presented after accounting for appropriate sheath expansion for negative bias voltage on the probes.
Predicting unsteady incompressible fluid dynamics with finite volume informed neural network
Authors: Li Tianyu , Zou Shufan , Chang Xinghua , Zhang Laiping , Deng Xiaogang
Published: April 2024

The rapid development of deep learning has significant implications for the advancement of computational fluid dynamics. Currently, most pixel-grid-based deep learning methods for flow field prediction exhibit significantly reduced accuracy in predicting boundary layer flows and poor adaptability to geometric shapes. Although graph neural network models for unstructured grid-based unsteady flow prediction have better geometric adaptability, these models suffer from error accumulation in long-term predictions of unsteady flows. More importantly, fully data-driven models often require extensive training time, greatly limiting the rapid update and iteration speed of deep learning models when facing more complex unsteady flows. Therefore, this paper aims to balance the demands for training overhead and prediction accuracy by integrating physical constraints based on the finite volume method into the loss function of the graph neural network. Additionally, it incorporates a twice-message aggregation mechanism inspired by the extended stencil method to enhance the unsteady flow prediction accuracy and geometric shape generalization ability of the graph neural network model on unstructured grids. We focus particularly on the model's predictive accuracy within the boundary layer. Compared to fully data-driven methods, our model achieves better predictive accuracy and geometric shape generalization ability in a shorter training time.
Safety factor diagnostic for tokamak core plasma from three-dimensional reconstruction of pellet ablation trail
Authors: Liang Chen , Liu Zhuang , Yuan J. S. , Li Yichao , Gu Yongqi , Huang Dong , Lu Shaoyu , Zuo G. Z. , Hu J. S. , Feng Yan
Published: April 2024

Using a stereo camera system, a new diagnostic for the safety factor of the core plasma based on the pellet ablation trail is applied on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). In EAST discharge No. 128 874, a shattered pellet injection system is applied to inject a shattered neon pellet into the EAST. Since the strong magnetic field in tokamaks binds the ablated pellet material, the orientation of the pellet ablation trail is the same as the local magnetic field direction. Thus, from the three-dimensional reconstruction result of the pellet ablation trail, the local safety factor q can be obtained. The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic is applied to determine the safety factor q profile in this shot. The determined safety factor q results for this new diagnostic are in quantitative agreement with those from the MSE diagnostic with the mean relative difference of only 6.8%, confirming the effectiveness of this new diagnostic of the safety factor.
Numerical comparison between symmetric and asymmetric flapping wing in tandem configuration
Authors: Liu Fangyuan , Li Song , Xiang Jinwu , Li Daochun , Tu Zhan
Published: April 2024

Dragonflies show impressive flight performance due to their unique tandem flapping wing configuration. While previous studies focused on forewing-hindwing interference in dragonfly-like flapping wings, few have explored the role of asymmetric pitching angle in tandem flapping wings. This paper compares the aerodynamic performance of asymmetric dragonfly-like wings with symmetric hummingbird-like wings, both arranged in tandem. Using a three-dimensional numerical model, we analyzed wing configurations with single/tandem wings, advance ratios (J) from 0 to 0.45, and forewing-hindwing phase differences (ϕ) from 0° to 180° at a Reynolds number of 7000. Results show that asymmetric flapping wings exhibit higher vertical force and flight efficiency in both single and tandem wing configurations. Increasing the phase difference (ϕ) improves flight efficiency with minimal loss of vertical force in the asymmetric flapping mode, while the symmetrical flapping mode significantly reduces vertical force at a 180° phase difference. Additionally, symmetric tandem flapping wings unexpectedly gain extra vertical force during in-phase flapping. This study uncovers the flow characteristics of dragonfly-like tandem flapping wings, providing a theoretical basis for the design of tandem flapping wing robots.
An in situ study on coalbed methane seepage related to multiple physical fields: A case study from the Qinnan-East Block in the Qinshui Basin, China
Authors: Meng Ya , Li Zhiping , Lai Fengpeng , Chen Weimin , Zhao Kun
Published: April 2024

Coalbed methane (CBM) seepage is a significant geological factor affecting the capacity of CBM wells. Using the example of the Qinnan-East Block of the Qinshui Basin, in this work, the CBM seepage law under different in situ stresses, coal reservoir pressures, and temperatures is systematically analyzed using on-site well test data. A permeability calculation model that includes the coal reservoir stress, pressure, and temperature is established, and the coal permeability and its control mechanism under the action of multiple fields are revealed. The results demonstrate that the in situ stress, pressure, and temperature in the study area increase linearly with increasing depth. The coal reservoir geothermal gradient is 0.72–2.11 °C/100 m, and the mean value is 1.67 °C/100 m. The coal reservoir geothermal gradient rises with an increasing depth as a logarithmic function. The permeability of the coal reservoir is 0.01–0.20 × 10−3 μm2, the mean value is 0.05 × 10−3 μm2, and the CBM seepage under the action of multiple physical fields is relatively low. With increasing effective stress and temperature, the permeability continuously decreases following a negative exponential function. The CBM seepage is tightly bound to the fracture aperture and is controlled by the change in the in situ stress, the pore fluid pressure, and the temperature stress.
Breathers for the sixth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the plane wave and periodic wave background
Authors: Huang Ya-Hui , Guo Rui
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the breathers in the framework of the sixth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using the Darboux transformation. The primary objective of this research is twofold. First, we consider the nonlinear superposition of breathers on the plane wave background. Based on the concept that rogue waves are formed from colliding Akhmediev breathers, we obtain rogue wave sequences and a first-order Akhmediev breather with a central second-order rogue wave peak. Second, we consider the formation of breathers on the periodic wave background. The difficulty of solving the Lax pair is overcome, and we successfully construct the breathers on the cn- and dn-periodic wave background.
Transcription factor C/EBPα is required for the development of Ly6C
hi
monocytes but not Ly6C
lo
monocytes
Authors: Kim Sunkyung , Chen Jing , Ou Feiya , Liu Tian-Tian , Jo Suin , Gillanders William E. , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M.
Published: April 2024

Monocytes comprise two major subsets, Ly6C
hi
classical monocytes and Ly6C
lo
nonclassical monocytes. Notch2 signaling in Ly6C
hi
monocytes triggers transition to Ly6C
lo
monocytes, which require
Nr4a1
,
Bcl6
,
Irf2
, and
Cebpb
. By comparison, less is known about transcriptional requirements for Ly6C
hi
monocytes. We find transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is highly expressed in Ly6C
hi
monocytes, but down-regulated in Ly6C
lo
monocytes. A few previous studies described the requirement of C/EBPα in the development of neutrophils and eosinophils. However, the role of C/EBPα for in vivo monocyte development has not been understood. We deleted the
Cebpa
+37 kb enhancer in mice, eliminating hematopoietic expression of C/EBPα, reproducing the expected neutrophil defect. Surprisingly, we also found a severe and selective loss of Ly6C
hi
monocytes, while preserving Ly6C
lo
monocytes. We find that BM progenitors from
Cebpa
+37
−/−
mice rapidly progress through the monocyte progenitor stage to develop directly into Ly6C
lo
monocytes even in the absence of Notch2 signaling. These results identify a previously unrecognized role for C/EBPα in maintaining Ly6C
hi
monocyte identity.
Surface atom knockout for the active site exposure of alloy catalyst
Authors: Ma Yi , Yang Qi , Qi Jun , Zhang Yong , Gao Yuliang , Zeng You , Jiang Na , Sun Ying , Qu Keqi , Fang Wenhui , Li Ying , Lu Xuejun , Zhi Chunyi , Qiu Jieshan
Published: April 2024

The fine regulation of catalysts by the atomic-level removal of inactive atoms can promote the active site exposure for performance enhancement, whereas suffering from the difficulty in controllably removing atoms using current micro/nano-scale material fabrication technologies. Here, we developed a surface atom knockout method to promote the active site exposure in an alloy catalyst. Taking Cu
3
Pd alloy as an example, it refers to assemble a battery using Cu
3
Pd and Zn as cathode and anode, the charge process of which proceeds at about 1.1 V, equal to the theoretical potential difference between Cu
2+
/Cu and Zn
2+
/Zn, suggesting the electricity-driven dissolution of Cu atoms. The precise knockout of Cu atoms is confirmed by the linear relationship between the amount of the removed Cu atoms and the battery cumulative specific capacity, which is attributed to the inherent atom-electron-capacity correspondence. We observed the surface atom knockout process at different stages and studied the evolution of the chemical environment. The alloy catalyst achieves a higher current density for oxygen reduction reaction compared to the original alloy and Pt/C. This work provides an atomic fabrication method for material synthesis and regulation toward the wide applications in catalysis, energy, and others.
Divergent local and systemic antitumor response in primary uveal melanomas
Authors: Lucibello Francesca , Lalanne Ana I. , Le Gac Anne-Laure , Soumare Abdoulaye , Aflaki Setareh , Cyrta Joanna , Dubreuil Lea , Mestdagh Martin , Salou Marion , Houy Alexandre , Ekwegbara Christina , Jamet Camille , Gardrat Sophie , Le Ven Anais , Bernardeau Karine , Cassoux Nathalie , Matet Alexandre , Malaise Denis , Pierron Gaelle , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Stern Marc-Henri , Rodrigues Manuel , Lantz Olivier
Published: April 2024

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer of the eye. The loss of chromosome 3 (M3) is associated with a high risk of metastases. M3 tumors are more infiltrated by T-lymphocytes than low-risk disomic-3 (D3) tumors, contrasting with other tumor types in which T cell infiltration correlates with better prognosis. Whether these T cells represent an antitumor response and how these T cells would be primed in the eye are both unknown. Herein, we characterized the T cells infiltrating primary UMs. CD8+ and Treg cells were more abundant in M3 than in D3 tumors. CD39+PD-1+CD8+ T cells were enriched in M3 tumors, suggesting specific responses to tumor antigen (Ag) as confirmed using HLA-A2:Melan-A tetramers. scRNAseq-VDJ analysis of T cells evidenced high numbers of proliferating CD39+PD1+CD8+ clonal expansions, suggesting in situ antitumor Ag responses. TCRseq and tumor-Ag tetramer staining characterized the recirculation pattern of the antitumor responses in M3 and D3 tumors. Thus, tumor-Ag responses occur in localized UMs, raising the question of the priming mechanisms in the absence of known lymphatic drainage.
On the inductance of a Möbius strip
Authors: Franek Jaroslav , Šoka Martin
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to the calculation of the self-inductance of the Möbius strip (MS), assuming that a self-contained surface current flows on its surface. Subsequently, the vector potential corresponding to this situation is expressed in cases where: (a) the surface current is constant (b) the surface current is inversely proportional to the length of the line along which it flows. The self-inductance of the MS is determined by the integration of the vector potential. From the derived relations, the inductance of the MS is determined by computer simulation at different values of the ratio of width and radius of the MS. The reference value to the results for MS is the calculated and shown inductance of the cylindrical surface with a surface current flowing around the circumference of its shell. In conclusion, simple relations are derived that enable quick calculation of the inductances of both the MS and the cylindrical surface from their geometrical parameters. The article is intended for students of mathematical-physical and technical faculties as well as for graduates of these faculties dealing with the issue of (meta) materials.
The 2024 magnonics roadmap
Authors: Flebus Benedetta , Grundler Dirk , Rana Bivas , Otani YoshiChika , Barsukov Igor , Barman Anjan , Gubbiotti Gianluca , Landeros Pedro , Akerman Johan , Ebels Ursula , Pirro Philipp , Demidov Vladislav E , Schultheiss Katrin , Csaba Gyorgy , Wang Qi , Ciubotaru Florin , Nikonov Dmitri E , Che Ping , Hertel Riccardo , Ono Teruo , Afanasiev Dmytro , Mentink Johan , Rasing Theo , Hillebrands Burkard , Kusminskiy Silvia Viola , Zhang Wei , Du Chunhui Rita , Finco Aurore , van der Sar Toeno , Luo Yunqiu Kelly , Shiota Yoichi , Sklenar Joseph , Yu Tao , Rao Jinwei
Published: April 2024

Magnonics is a research field that has gained an increasing interest in both the fundamental and applied sciences in recent years. This field aims to explore and functionalize collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials for modern information technologies, sensing applications and advanced computational schemes. Spin waves, also known as magnons, carry spin angular momenta that allow for the transmission, storage and processing of information without moving charges. In integrated circuits, magnons enable on-chip data processing at ultrahigh frequencies without the Joule heating, which currently limits clock frequencies in conventional data processors to a few GHz. Recent developments in the field indicate that functional magnonic building blocks for in-memory computation, neural networks and Ising machines are within reach. At the same time, the miniaturization of magnonic circuits advances continuously as the synergy of materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology allows for novel on-chip excitation and detection schemes. Such circuits can already enable magnon wavelengths of 50 nm at microwave frequencies in a 5G frequency band. Research into non-charge-based technologies is urgently needed in view of the rapid growth of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications, which consume substantial energy when implemented on conventional data processing units. In its first part, the 2024 Magnonics Roadmap provides an update on the recent developments and achievements in the field of nano-magnonics while defining its future avenues and challenges. In its second part, the Roadmap addresses the rapidly growing research endeavors on hybrid structures and magnonics-enabled quantum engineering. We anticipate that these directions will continue to attract researchers to the field and, in addition to showcasing intriguing science, will enable unprecedented functionalities that enhance the efficiency of alternative information technologies and computational schemes.
Gevrey and Gelfand–Shilov smoothing effect for the spatially inhomogeneous Landau equation with hard potentials
Authors: Li Hao-Guang
Published: April 2024

In this work, we study the Cauchy problem of the spatially inhomogeneous Landau equation with hard potential in torus. It is showed that the smooth mild solution near Maxwellians to the Cauchy problem enjoys a Gelfand–Shilov regularizing effect in velocity variable and Gevrey smoothness property in space variable.
Stability and bifurcation diagram for a shadow Gierer–Meinhardt system in one spatial dimension
Authors: Kaneko Yuki , Miyamoto Yasuhito , Wakasa Tohru
Published: April 2024

We are concerned with a Neumann problem of a shadow system of the Gierer–Meinhardt model in an interval

I
=
(
0
,
1
)

. A stationary problem is studied, and we consider the diffusion coefficient ɛ > 0 as a bifurcation parameter. Then a complete bifurcation diagram of the stationary solutions is obtained, and a stability of every stationary solution is determined. In particular, for each

n
⩾
1

, two branches of n-mode solutions emanate from a trivial branch. All 1-mode solutions are stable for small τ > 0, and all n-mode solutions,

n
⩾
2

, are unstable for all τ > 0, where τ > 0 is a time constant. The system is known for having stationary spiky patterns with large amplitude for small ɛ > 0. Then, asymptotic expansions of maximum and minimum values of a stationary solution as ɛ → 0 are also obtained.
Uniqueness of Denjoy minimal sets for twist maps with zero entropy
*
Authors: Yu Zi-Hao , Shen Bai-Nian , Qin Wen-Xin
Published: April 2024

For monotone twist maps with zero topological entropy, we show that the set of recurrent points with irrational rotation number α can be described by a single orientation preserving circle homeomorphism and hence there is either an invariant circle, or a unique Denjoy minimal set, of rotation number α.
Ultra-pure liquid scintillators for JUNO and beyond
Authors: Shao J. , Sun X. ,   the JUNO collaboration
Published: April 2024

This article offers an overview of the JUNO experiment, highlighting the specific requirements and challenges associated with the utilization of liquid scintillators. The paper concentrates on the development process of those ultra-pure liquid scintillators, as well as on the construction and commissioning status of the production plant. Preliminary results are presented, along with the future plans for the project. Furthermore, the potential applications of ultra-pure liquid scintillators are discussed.
Optimization of Mother-to-Child Hepatitis B Virus Prevention Program: Integration of Maternal Screening and Infant Post-Vaccination Serologic Testing
Authors: Su Wei-Ju , Chen Huey-Ling , Chen Shu-Fong , Liu Yu-Lun , Wang Ting-Ann , Ho Yee-Chuan , Chang Mei-Hwei
Published: April 2024

Background

Evaluation of the impact of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention program that incorporates maternal antiviral prophylaxis on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is limited using real-world data.

Methods

We analyzed data on maternal HBV screening, neonatal immunization, and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among at-risk infants born to HBV carrier mothers from the National Immunization Information System during 2008–2022. Through linkage with the National Health Insurance Database, information on maternal antiviral therapy was obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore MTCT risk in relation to infant–mother characteristics and prevention strategies.

Results

In total, 2 460 218 deliveries with maternal HBV status were screened. Between 2008 and 2022, the annual HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity rates among native pregnant women decreased from 12.2% to 2.6% and from 2.7% to 0.4%, respectively (P for both trends < .0001). Among the 22 859 at-risk infants who underwent PVST, the MTCT rates differed between infants born to HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive mothers (0.75% and 6.33%, respectively; P < .001). MTCT risk increased with maternal HBeAg positivity (odds ratio [OR], 9.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.79–12.73) and decreased with maternal antiviral prophylaxis (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, .16–.49). For infants with maternal HBeAg positivity, MTCT risk was associated with mothers born in the immunization era (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.17–1.67).

Conclusions

MTCT was related to maternal HBeAg positivity and effectively prevented by maternal prophylaxis in the immunized population. At-risk infants born to maternal vaccinated cohorts might possibly pose further risk.
From the National to the Comparative in International Law: Cold War Redux?
Authors: de la Rasilla Ignacio
Published: April 2024

Recent years have witnessed greater attention to the ‘national’ dimension in international law and, in its wake, a move towards comparison. The first section of this article examines the early rise of ‘comparative’ approaches to international law with reference to the pioneering work of William E. Butler during the Cold War and contextualizes the coinage of the term ‘invisible college of international law’ at a time of relative ‘détente’ in the 1970s, suggesting, furthermore, that a pattern of repetition and renewal in engagement with constructions and international legal thought in the Cold War period is currently taking place. The second section examines a move to the national in international law and both the promises and perils of comparative international law, including because of the parallel introduction of the new divisive-prone descriptors of ‘authoritarian international law’ and ‘rules-based international system’. It also highlights the cyclical nature of the ‘comparative’ turn to the national in international law now that the war in Ukraine and the strongly divided reactions to Israel’s protracted military campaign in the Gaza Strip are crystallizing a new Cold War-like scenario in an emerging post-Western-centric and multi-polar order. The conclusion recaps the main findings of the article and suggests that comparative international law should be used to enhance, not to undermine, the language of international law as a two-way bridge between peoples and nations in times of turmoil.
Are we ready for an adipocentric approach in people living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Oscar , Reyes-García Rebeca , Modrego-Pardo Inés , López-Martínez Marina , Soler María José
Published: April 2024

We are entering a new era in the management of adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related chronic kidney disease (CKD). ABCD, T2D and CKD can affect almost every major organ system and have a particularly strong impact on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure. ABCD and the associated insulin resistance are at the root of many cardiovascular, renal and metabolic (CKM) disorders, thus an integrated therapeutic framework using weight loss (WL) as a disease-modifying intervention could simplify the therapeutic approach at different stages across the lifespan. The breakthrough of highly effective WL drugs makes achieving a WL of >10% possible, which is required for a potential T2D disease remission as well as for prevention of microvascular disease, CKD, CVD events and overall mortality. The aim of this review is to discuss the link between adiposity and CKM conditions as well as placing weight management at the centre of the holistic CKM syndrome approach with a focus on CKD. We propose the clinical translation of the available evidence into a transformative Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue Approach (DATA) for people living with ABCD, T2D and CKD. This model is based on the interplay of four essential elements (i.e. adipocentric approach and target organ protection, dysfunctional adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and lifestyle intervention and de-prescription) together with a multidisciplinary person-centred care. DATA could facilitate decision-making for all clinicians involved in the management of these individuals, and if we do this in a multidisciplinary way, we are prepared to meet the adipocentric challenge.
Functional evaluation of a novel nonsense variant of the calcium-sensing receptor gene leading to hypocalcemia
Authors: Saglia Claudia , Arruga Francesca , Scolari Caterina , Kalantari Silvia , Albanese Serena , Bracciamà Valeria , Corso Faini Angelo , Brach del Prever Giulia , Luca Maria , Romeo Carmelo , Mioli Fiorenza , Migliorero Martina , Tessaris Daniele , Carli Diana , Amoroso Antonio , Vaisitti Tiziana , De Sanctis Luisa , Deaglio Silvia
Published: April 2024

Objective

The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene encodes a G protein–coupled receptor crucial for calcium homeostasis. Gain-of-function CASR variants result in hypocalcemia, while loss-of-function variants lead to hypercalcemia. This study aims to assess the functional consequences of the novel nonsense CASR variant [c.2897_2898insCTGA, p.(Gln967*) (Q967*)] identified in adolescent patient with chronic hypocalcemia, a phenotype expected for a gain-of-function variants.

Design and methods

To functionally characterize the Q967* mutant receptor, both wild-type (WT) and mutant CASR were transiently transfected into HEK293T cells and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) protein expression and functions were comparatively evaluated using multiple read-outs.

Results

Western blot analysis revealed that the CaSR mutant protein displayed a lower molecular weight compared with the WT, consistent with the loss of the last 122 amino acids in the intracellular domain. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and serum responsive element luciferase assays demonstrated that the mutant receptor had higher baseline activity than the WT. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, however, remained consistently high in the mutant, without significant modulations following exposure to increasing extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) levels, suggesting that the mutant receptor is more sensitive to Ca2+o compared with the WT.

Conclusions

This study provides functional validation of the pathogenicity of a novel nonsense CASR variant, resulting in an abnormally hyperfunctioning protein consistent with the patient’s phenotype. Functional analyses indicate that mutant receptor is constitutively active and poorly sensitive to increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium, suggesting that the cytoplasmic tail may contain elements regulating signal transduction.
Does environmental regulation promote green technological innovation of companies? Evidence from green patents of Chinese listed companies
Authors: Pan Aimin , Jiang Ping , Wang Chao , Wang Feifei
Published: April 2024

Environmental regulations stimulate Chinese listed companies to engage in green technology innovation. Moreover, the internal attributes of listed companies such as ownership form, the nature of the industry and locations affect the role of environmental regulations on green technology innovation. This paper selects data on Chinese-listed A-share enterprises from 2010-2019 and constructs a S-GMM model to analyze the impact of environmental regulations on green technology innovation through internal attributes of firms. The empirical results show that, first of all, in the sample period, tight environmental regulations hinder green technology innovation carried out by listed enterprises in state-owned heavy polluting industries in eastern China, and there is no innovation compensation effect. Secondly, green technology innovation in the previous period does not significantly promote green technology innovation in the current period. Finally, overvaluation of listed companies by investors encourage Chinese listed enterprises to engage in green technology innovation, especially among non-state-owned listed companies in non-heavy polluting industries. The findings of this paper provide empirical support for environmental regulation policy recommendations, that foster economic growth and promote green and low-carbon industrial transformation in the direction of high-quality development of the economy.
MiRNA-21-5p induces chicken hepatic lipogenesis by targeting NFIB and KLF3 to suppress the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Yamei , Zhao Jing , Cui Can , Zhang Yao , Zhu Qing , Han Shunshun , Yang Chaowu , Yin Huadong
Published: April 2024

The liver plays a critical role in metabolic activity and is the body’s first immune barrier, and maintaining liver health is particularly important for poultry production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological activities due to their capacity as posttranscriptional regulatory elements. A growing body of research indicates that miR-21-5p plays a vital role as a modulator of liver metabolism in various species. However, the effect of miR-21-5p on the chicken liver is unclear. In the current study, we discovered that the fatty liver had high levels of miR-21-5p. Then the qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dual-luciferase, and immunofluorescence assays were, respectively, used to determine the impact of miR-21-5p in the chicken liver, and it turned out that miR-21-5p enhanced lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, which ultimately induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Mechanically, we verified that miR-21-5p can directly target nuclear factor I B (NFIB) and kruppel-like factor 3 (KLF3). Furthermore, our experiments revealed that the suppression of NFIB promoted apoptosis and inflammation, and the KLF3 inhibitor accelerated lipogenesis and enhanced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the cotransfection results suggest that the PI3K/AKT pathway is also involved in the process of miRNA-21-5p-mediate liver metabolism regulation. In summary, our study demonstrated that miRNA-21-5p plays a role in hepatocyte lipogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, via targeting NFIB and KLF3 to suppress the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in chicken.
Short communication: a novel multispecies bacteria-based direct-fed microbial supports in vitro gut barrier integrity challenged with a pathogen or pro-inflammatory cytokines*
Authors: Boll Erik J , Copani Giuseppe , Cappellozza Bruno I
Published: April 2024

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of a novel bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on intestinal barrier integrity using the in vitro transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. In experiment 1, human-derived Caco-2 cells received or not (CON) a DFM containing Ligilactobacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) animalis 506, Propionibacterium freudenreichii 507, Bacillus paralicheniformis 809, and B. subtilis 597 (BDP; BOVAMINE DEFEND® Plus) at a rate of 1 × 108 CFU/transwell. Concurrently with treatment application (CON or BDP), a pathogenic challenge of Clostridium perfringens type A was added alone (PAT) or with BDP (PAT + BDP) at a rate of 2.8 × 107 CFU/transwell in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. In experiment 2, Caco-2 cells were also assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to CON or BDP and then, 2 h post-treatment administration (CON and BDP), a mixture of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was added alone (CYT) or with BDP (CYT + BDP) at a 10:1 ratio, respectively. In both experiments, TEER was measured for 18 h. In experiment 1, a DFM × pathogen × hour interaction was observed for TEER (P < 0.0001). Adding the PAT alone initially tended to increase TEER vs. CON from 1.1 to 2.2 h (P ≤ 0.09), increased TEER at 3.2 h (P < 0.01), but reduced TEER from 5.4 to the end of the experimental period at 18.4 h (P ≤ 0.01). On the other hand, adding DFM, with or without the pathogenic challenge, yielded greater TEER vs. CON-CON and CON-PAT for most of the experimental period (P ≤ 0.04). A similar interaction was detected and reported in experiment 2 (P < 0.0001). The CYT challenge reduced mean TEER compared with all other treatments from 3.2 h to the remainder of the study (P ≤ 0.03). On the other hand, BDP-CYT was able to maintain the integrity of the epithelial cells when compared with CON-CON throughout the experimental period (P ≤ 0.03), the exception being at 3.2 h (P = 0.20). Moreover, BDP-CON increased (P ≤ 0.04) TEER when compared with CON-CON from 3.2 to 18.4 h, but also in comparison with BDP-CYT from 4.3 to 18.4 h post-DFM and challenge administration into the cells. In summary, C. perfringens type A and a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail compromised the integrity of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers in vitro, whereas adding a multispecies bacteria-based DFM counteracted these damaging effects.
Sphenoid plasmacytoma as initial presentation of multiple myeloma—case report
Authors: Chadli Sarra , Oudrhiri Mohammed Y , Maamar Mouna , Boutarbouch Mahjouba , Khibri Hajar , Haidouri Soukaina , Messaoud Ola , El-Aoufir Omar , Melhaoui Adyl , Ammouri Wafaa , Ouahabi Abdessamad , Harmouche Hicham , Adnaoui Mohammed , Tazi Mezalek Zoubida
Published: April 2024

Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm. Whether solitary or associated with multiple myeloma (MM), it rarely involves the skull base, particularly the sphenoid bone. We present a unique case of sphenoid bone plasmacytoma secondary to MM, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 56-year-old female presented with headaches, vomiting, epistaxis, and cranial nerve deficits. Cerebral imaging revealed a 65-mm tumor infiltrating the sphenoid bone and adjacent structures. Subtotal resection was performed using an endoscopic nasal approach. Histopathology revealed plasmacytoma, and diagnostic workup confirmed MM. By the end of biological exploration, relapse of the sphenoid plasmacytoma was observed, and the patient was successfully treated with radiotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. After 18-month follow-up, sustained complete remission was confirmed. Although rare, the diagnosis of plasmacytoma should be considered in cases of skull base tumors. This localization is highly predictive of MM, warranting comprehensive investigations to initiate prompt and adequate management.