bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DANZA POBRE: UNA REFLEXIÓN SOBRE EL SURGIMIENTO DE LA DANZA MODERNA EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Lay Trigo Sarahí
Published: April 2021

Haciendo alusión a la obra clásica Hacia un Teatro Pobre de Jerzy Grotowski (2004) y su Laboratorio Teatral, este artículo considera el surgimiento de la danza moderna en los Estados Unidos como una forma de hacer danza pobre. Esto es así porque el movimiento de transformación impulsado por los creadores de este estilo dancístico ofrece increíbles similitudes con los principios que formularía después Grotowski para los actores. Así pues, el teatro pobre como la danza moderna, a pesar de haber surgido en diversos espacios y tiempos, son dos movimientos análogos que comparten, entre otras cosas, la forma de hacer y concebir el arte. Sus mayores similitudes se encuentran en los siguientes principios: 1) El arte como vía negativa; 2) El arte como pobreza; y 3) El arte como encuentro espiritual. Para llevar a cabo esta analogía se utilizará una perspectiva histórico-biográfica en dos niveles. Uno, el histórico, que sirve para ofrecer un panorama general del contexto social que favoreció esta nueva creación dancística. Dos, el biográfico, que aborda brevemente algunos momentos de la vida de tres de los principales creadores de la primera generación de la danza moderna, a saber, Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis y Ted Shawn. Palabras claveDanza Pobre. Danza Moderna. Teatro Pobre. Historia de la Danza.
O TRAUMA E A CICATRIZ NA ESCRITA DA ODISSEIA 116
Authors: Lopes Cleilson Queiroz
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo discuto a elaboração da dramaturgia Odisseia 116 a partir dos conceitos de memória, experiência, narrativa, trauma, cicatriz, e autobiografia, presentes em alguns ensaios do filósofo e crítico alemão Walter Benjamin (2012) no livro Magia, Técnica, Arte e Política. Dialogo também com alguns ensaios da filósofa Jeanne Marie Gagnebin (2006), autora do prefácio do livro citado, dentre outros autores. Como metodologia, amparo-me em aspectos da cartografia e da genética teatral. Como considerações finais, desenvolvo a possibilidade de uma escrita que surge de materiais e inspirações diversos por meio de um processo de características rizomáticas,levando em consideração as potências do trauma e da cicatriz. Palavras-chaveDramaturgia. Autobiografia. Viagem. Trauma. Cicatriz.
EL NIÑO: DISPOSITIVOS DE CRIAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Moreira William Axel Da Silva , Ximenes Fernando Lira
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa, inspirada na cartografia como abordagem metodológica, traça o mapa do processo de criação do vídeo performance solo El niño. O estudo apresenta como extração da experiência, possibilidades criativas contemporâneas. O artigo também apresenta a construção de um discurso acerca das criações contemporâneas em período de isolamento social, vivido por conta da pandemia do novo corona vírus – COVID 19. Palavras-chaveDispositivos de Criação. Tecnologia. Vídeo Performance.
OLHANDO PARA A DANÇA DO VENTRE COMO UMA POSSIBILIDADE FEMINISTA: OLHAR, GÊNERO E ESPAÇO PÚBLICO EM ISTAMBUL
Authors: Egrikavuk Isil , Donadel Trad. de Márcia
Published: April 2021

Esse artigo discute a forma ancestral de dança do ventre como um exemplo para falar mais a fundo sobre os espaços públicos de Istambul, onde o corpo feminino está constantemente sob vigilância do olhar masculino. Em milhares de anos, a forma ancestral da dança do ventre foi se transformando de um ritual feminino coletivo para uma forma de entretenimento que atende ao olhar masculino. Esse artigo investiga possibilidades de redefinir a dança do ventre como uma contra estratégia feminista para reviver sua essência. Estruturado através da Teoria do Grupo Silenciado (Muted GroupTheory), esse artigo também exemplifica várias obras de arte e estratégias produzidas por mulheres artistas e analisa-os à luz dessa teoria. Além disso, busca refletir a dança do ventre a partir de uma identidade feminista e questiona se essas estratégias artísticas podem ser caminhos para redefinir a dança do ventre como uma prática feminista. Palavras-chaveFeminismo. Espaço Público. Dança do Ventre. Teoria do Grupo Silenciado. Gênero.
APPROCHE ARTISTIQUE DU TRAUMATISME DE GUERRE DANS LE THÉÂTRE POLONAIS DANS LA DEUXIÈME MOITIÉ DU XXE SIÈCLE À L’EXEMPLE D’ACROPOLIS DU THÉÂTRE LABORATOIRE DE  13 RANGS AVEC LA MISE EN SCÈNE DE JERZY GROTOWSKI
Authors: Tyszka Juliusz
Published: April 2021

Cet article traite du théâtre polonais après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en utilisant l’exemple du spectacle Akrópolis mis en scène par Jerzy Grotowski avec une influence directe du régime nazi pour sa conception. Fondant historiquement la situation de la Pologne dans ces périodes d’entre-deux guerres, l’article établit une réflexion sur les pertes et les traumatismes qu’une guerre peut causer dans un pays et dans son panorama artistique et théâtral. Mots ClésThéâtre polonais. Grotowski. Traumatisme. Nazisme.
Transformation of the private offshore wealth management service industry in the emerging economy
Authors: Chitumbura Jonathan , Takawira Oliver
Published: April 2021

Dollarisation in emerging economies of Southern Africa like Zambia and Zimbabwe, led High-Income Earning Individuals (HIEI) to invest offshore as an investment diversification strategy. The turbulent past experiences influenced African HIEI behavior in relation to their wealth management approaches. HIEI started looking for ways to protect its financial assets against future political and economic volatilities. The purpose of this study was to equip academics and the wider commercial fraternity with practical and strategic knowledge of the emerging markets’ offshore wealth management services industry. This would assist emerging markets to regulate HIEI markets, boost capital flow, fight tax evasion to allow banks to assist, help governments protect pensions, promote transparency in investments and avoid negative effects of dollarisation. Data were collected from 81 participants including HIEIs with offshore investments, those individuals without, financial advisors, and the Securities Exchange Commission (the industry regulator). The study used a qualitative approach in its methodology using questionnaires, interviews, and a computer-aided system for data analysis. We found that HIEI feels their wealth is under attack and looks towards offshore investing as a refuge. We identified the desperate urge of African HIEIs to secure their wealth as the main influence driving the offshore investing phenomenon
Biosynthesis of New Epoxy Fatty Acids from C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Linoleate 9-Lipoxygenase from Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida
Authors: Kim Seong-Eun , Lee Jin , Oh Deok-Kun
Published: April 2021

Epoxy fatty acids (EFAs), which exist in the human body, are signaling
molecules that maintain homeostasis. They are involved in
anti-inflammation and are precursors of dihydroxy fatty acids. EFAs
derived from the C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid
by lipoxygenases, such as
5,6-epoxy-7E,9E,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic
acid and
8,9-epoxy-5Z,10E,12E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic
acid, are found in humans and mice, respectively. However, EFAs derived
from C18 PUFAs by lipoxygenases have not been identified to date. In
this study, the putative lipoxygenase gene of Spingopyxis
macrogoltabida was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The
activity and catalytic efficiency
(k/K) of the
recombinant enzyme were the highest for linoleic acid among the C18
PUFAs, including also α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid. The product
obtained from the conversion of linoleic acid by the putative
lipoxygenase was identified as
9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) by
high-performance liquid chromatography using 9-HODE and
13-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE)
standards. These results indicate that the enzyme is a linoleate
9-lipoxygenase. The enzyme converted linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid,
and γ-linolenic acid into 9-HODE,
13-hydroxy-9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, and
9-hydroxy-6Z,10E,12Z-octadecatrienoic acid,
respectively. Moreover, the enzyme also converted the three C18 PUFAs
into 9,10-epoxy-11E,13E-octadecadienoic acid,
12,13-epoxy-8E,10E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid, and
9,10-epoxy-6Z,11E,13E-octadecatrienoic acid,
respectively, which were identified as new EFAs by liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. To our knowledge,
this is the first report on the biosynthesis of EFAs from C18 PUFAs via
a lipoxygenase.
Climate, landscape and vegetation controls of behavioral catchments on dominant runoff response and catchment travel time distribution
Authors: Jothityangkoon Chatchai , Maskong Haruetai
Published: April 2021

The three dominant processes contributing to runoff as proposed by the
Dunne diagram are Hortonian overland flow (HOF), Dunne overland flow
(DOF) and subsurface storm flow (SSF). Using a theoretical perspective,
we investigate the impact of climate, soil, topography and vegetation on
catchment water balance and the probability distribution of the travel
times of each runoff generation component in respect of the connected
instantaneous response function (CIRF) including the interaction of a
partial contributing area connecting to the outlet. A simple distributed
hydrologic model is used to capture the effect of the catchment response
and to estimate the CIRFs under different possible integration of
combined effect of climate, soil, topography and vegetation. A set of
dimensionless similarity parameters represent catchment functions and
provide a quantitative explanation of the conceptual Dunne diagram.
Behavioral catchments are defined from the empirical range of the Budyko
curve and mainly compatible to the physical relationship as illustrated
in the Dunne diagram. The results consistent with the Dunne diagram are:
(1) DOF and SSF dominates in humid for behavioral sand and silt
catchments, (2) HOF dominates in arid for behavioral silt and clay
catchments. Inconsistent results are: (1) SSF dominates in arid for
behavioral sand, silt and clay catchments, (2) HOF dominates in humid
for behavioral clay catchment and (3) no dominant HOF for behavioral
sand catchment. For HOF and DOF dominates, the distribution of CIRFs can
be grouped into similar shapes, which depend on the relative
contribution of hillslope scale and catchment scale. For SSF behavioral
catchments, the shape of the CIRFs depends on the dryness index. The
combined catchment CIRFs of mean travel time for runoff responses
consists with the higher first peak from the HOF and/or DOF and the
second peak from the SSF.
A critical perspective on interpreting amplicon sequencing data in soil ecological research
Authors: Alteio Lauren V. , Séneca Joana , Canarini Alberto , Angel Roey , Guseva Ksenia , Jansa Jan , Kaiser Christina , Richter Andreas , Schmidt Hannes
Published: April 2021

Microbial community analysis via marker gene amplicon sequencing has
become a routine method in the field of soil research. In this
perspective, we discuss technical challenges and limitations of amplicon
sequencing studies in soil and present statistical and experimental
approaches that can help addressing the spatio-temporal complexity of
soil and the high diversity of organisms therein. We illustrate the
impact of compositionality on the interpretation of relative abundance
data and discuss effects of sample replication on the statistical power
in soil community analysis. Additionally, we argue for the need of
increased study reproducibility and data availability, as well as
complementary techniques for generating deeper ecological insights into
microbial roles and our understanding thereof in soil ecosystems. At
this stage, we call upon researchers and specialized soil journals to
consider the current state of data analysis, interpretation and
availability to improve the rigor of future studies.
Generalization of Kim's Estimates In Terms of the Trace of Divergencefree Symmetric Tensor
Authors: eker serhan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we generalized E.C. Kim’ s estimates by taking in to
account the trace of the divergencefree symmetric tensor non−zero. We
have also shown that E.C. Kim’s estimates still valid in case of the
trace of the divergencefree symmetric tensor vanished identically. In
the equality case, we characterized eta−Killing spinor with Killing pair
over the Sasakian spin manifolds.
Art pedagogy as a means for development of educational motivation of students – future teachers
Authors: Yarmakeev Iskander Engelevich , Valiakhmetova Nelly Raisovna , Akhmadullina Rimma Maratovna , Nazarova Oksana Kabirovna , Gibadullin Rustem Yahevich
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the impact of art pedagogy on the development of educational motivation of students. Art pedagogy is an innovative direction, the purpose of which is to create a new cognitive methodology, to overcome psychological barriers of thinking, to build the interaction between a teacher and a student on the basis of reflection, educational and creative self-organization for intellectual and creative development. This technology is especially relevant in the capacity of an integration of art into the educational context for solving professional and pedagogical tasks of the modern educational practice. The purpose of the paper is to study the influence of art pedagogy techniques on the development of educational motivation of students - future teachers. The paper discusses the role and data of a comparative analysis of thematic planning for studying the course “History of Pedagogy and Education” in combination with the techniques of art pedagogy. It also describes the course and results of the experiment on the development of educational motivation of students using these techniques. The research methods were: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, generalization, survey, and pedagogical experiment. The findings of the research can be recommended for university and college faculty in training students - future teachers.
Gender peculiarities of behavior of spouses in family conflict
Authors: Mansurov Timur Zufarovich , Rafailevna Efimova Sabina
Published: April 2021

In this article we will identify and explore the gender particulars of behavior of married couples, the influence of a constructive learned behavior on the prevention of family conflicts. This is followed by consideration of theoretical approaches to the phenomena of “gender” and “family conflict” and analysis of the role of emotions in family conflicts. The paper studies the ways of forming constructive habit behavior patterns as a factor in preventing family conflicts. Systemic and behavioral approaches have been used to explore gender characteristics of spouses’ behavior in a family conflict. The article emphasizes the importance of working with family conflicts, the positive role of conflicts, and discusses the techniques by which they can be managed. The strategies of marriage partners’ behavior in family conflicts are analyzed depending on a family life-cycle. We also suggest various ways of resolving family conflicts, including a mediation procedure, and, more specifically, the family-oriented mediation. The article concludes with our reasoning that gender-specific behaviors play an important role in family conflict and are the result of society’s stereotypization. As a matter of fact, each conflict is individual and requires some serious consideration due to the fact that the occurrence, generation and close of a conflict depends on the situations and circumstances within which it arises and increases.
Intrapersonal conflicts as the basis for the professional development of university students (by the example of a non-state university)
Authors: Ravilꞌevna Sagitova Victoria , Ilkhamovich Zalyaev Rustem
Published: April 2021

The purpose of writing this work is to cross-light the issue of predetermining the professional development of students, their self-determination by intrapersonal conflicts and crises. The paper presents a theoretical justification for intrapersonal conflicts through underlying contradictions. A conflict is presented as a dual phenomenon in the writings of the sociological school of conflictology. The contradictions and conditions that give rise to intrapersonal conflict in the process of professional self-determination are described. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted at a private university in the city of Kazan. Its results made it possible to confirm the key point that intrapersonal conflicts not only accompany professional self-determination and the formation of students, but also lead to the harmonization of the students’ personalities as professionals and allow them to realize the importance and necessity of training.
Peculiarities and stages of Higher School teacher formation
Authors: Tenentyeva Irina V. , Fakhrutdinova Anastasia V. , Karelina Maria Y. , Karelina Ekaterina A. , Gaidamashko Igor V.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of improving the professionalism of a higher education teacher; it also describes activities designed to improve the quality of the educational process, and the role of the leadership of an educational organization in the formation of a teacher. Initial knowledge, skills, abilities and qualities are formed by the teacher in the process of his or her professional activity and during the part of his or her life that precedes work in an educational institution. Professional qualities actively develop only with the beginning of teaching activities. The development of the initiative and the creative search in the work of a teacher is of particular relevance, because improving the quality of training cannot be achieved by simply increasing the working time of teachers and the study time of students. New teaching methods and new techniques for developing the students' creative activity are needed, which would allow them to achieve high results. Moreover, the state’s policy should include real material and moral support for a creatively working teacher of an educational institution, including teachers at higher schools.
Usage of distance educational technologies for improving the effectiveness of students’ professional training
Authors: Gurianov Igor Olegovich , Konopleva Natalia Vyacheslavovna , Gorbunova Nataliia Vladimirovna , Khrulyova Alina Alekseevna
Published: April 2021

The need of increasing the effectiveness of students’ professional training determines the search for new mechanisms, models and technologies of educational process organizing at a university based on systemic, competency-based and practice-oriented approaches. The theoretical and methodological foundations of increasing the effectiveness of students’ professional training are substantiated, including key scientific approaches (systemic, competency-based, practice-oriented) and the principles of their realization (professional orientation, competitiveness, interdisciplinarity, social partnership, practice orientation, pedagogical support, regionalization). A model for increasing the effectiveness of students’ professional training using distance educational technologies has been developed and experimentally tested. The pedagogical ways of increasing the effectiveness of future specialists’ professional training in universities using distance educational technologies have been identified. Distance educational technologies are considered as a means of increasing the effectiveness of students’ professional training. Correct use and further development of the abovementioned technologies would improve the overall professional competency of intending specialists in the area of education.
Gamma attenuation through nano lead - nano copper PVC composites
Authors: Abbas Yehia , El-Khatib Ahmed , Badawi Mohamed , Alabsy Mahmoud , Hagag Osama
Published: April 2021

Polymer composites of polyvinyl chloride, PVC, were loaded up with micro and nano PbO/CuO particles. The added percentage of each by mass was 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, and 40 wt.%, plus 40 wt.% of mixed composite (20 wt.% CuO + 20 wt.% PbO). The mass and linear attenuation coefficients of the investigated composites were measured as a function of gamma-ray energies going from 59.53 keV to 1408.01 keV utilizing standard radioactive point sources. To confirm the validity of these results the attenuation coefficients for bulk composites (PVC + PbO and PVC + CuO) were calculated by using the XCOM software. The results were in good agreement with the values obtained from the experimental work. By comparing the attenuation coefficients of the different composites it was found that those loaded with either nano PbO or CuO have higher values than those loaded with bulk sizes with the same percentage. Also, samples loaded with nano PbO have the highest attenuation coefficients even by comparing them with (20 wt.% CuO + 20 wt.% PbO), especially in the energy region below 1 MeV, but for greater energies, the values become very closed. The investigation of the mechanical properties of such composites due to the injection of bulk and nano metals reveals that tensile strength and Young's modulus of PVC nanocomposite sheets were notably increased with the increasing concentration of CuO and PbO nanoparticles. The CuO nanocomposite showed the highest values of flexural strength, toughness, and tensile strength among all the fabricated nanocomposite sheets.
Studies of enhanced field emission relevant to high field superconducting radio frequency devices
Authors: Radmilovic-Radjenovic Marija , Nikitovic Zeljka , Radjenovic Branislav
Published: April 2021

Surface roughness represents the measure of the irregularities on the surface contributing to the local field enhancement. The traditional Fowler-Nordheim equation established for perfectly planar surfaces is not suitable for describing emission from rough surfaces. Instead, it is more appropriate to use the equation that accounts for the field enhancement factor describing the effect of the surface morphology. In superconducting radio frequency cavities, field emission may occur in the irises while the tips on the cavity surface may act as an emitter leading to the high electric field. For this study, calculations for hemispherical, cylindrical, and conical tips have been performed using a Multiphysics software package COMSOL. The focus was put on the dependence of the field enhancement factor on the shape and the radius of the protrusions. The electric field strength and the current density increase with increasing the root mean square average of the profile heights due to field enhancement at the cavity irises. The lowest value of the electric field has been achieved for the hemisphere. The calculated values for the field enhancement factors are consistent with the data from the literature, in which case the protrusion may represent a small local bump on the surface of a superconducting cavity. Based on the fit of the results, presented here, the relation between the enhancement factor and the radius has been suggested. The accurate estimation of the field emission may play a crucial role in the design of accelerators and other technological applications with requirements of extremely high precision.
Biochemical Urine Testing of Medication Adherence and Its Association With Clinical Markers in an Outpatient Population of Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Analysis in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT)
Authors: Beernink Jelle M. , Oosterwijk Milou M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Gupta Pankaj , Patel Prashanth , Boven Job F. M. van , Heerspink Hiddo J. Lambers , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Navis Gerjan , Nijboer Roos M. , Laverman Gozewijn D.
Published: April 2021

Objective: To assess adherence to the three main drug
classes in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes using biochemical urine
testing and to determine the association of non-adherence with baseline
demographics, treatment targets and complications.

Research Design and Methods: Analyses were performed in baseline
data of 457 patients in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT)
study. Adherence to OADs (oral antidiabetics), antihypertensives and statins was determined by
analyzing baseline urine samples using LC-MS/MS. Primary outcomes were micro/macrovascular
complications and treatment targets of LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c and blood
pressure. These were all assessed cross-sectionally at baseline.

Results: Overall, 89.3% of the patients were identified as
being adherent. Adherence rates to OADs, antihypertensives and statins were 95.7%,
92.0%, and 95.5%, respectively. The prevalence of microvascular (81.6% vs
66.2%, p = 0.029) and macrovascular complications (55.1% versus 37.0%, p =
0.014) was significantly higher in non-adherent patients. The percentage of
patients who reached an LDL-cholesterol target of £2.5 mmol/L was lower (67.4% versus 81.1%, p = 0.029) in non-adherent patients. Binary
logistic regression indicated that a higher BMI, current smoking, elevated serum
LDL-cholesterol, high HbA1c, the presence of diabetic kidney disease and the
presence of macrovascular disease were associated with non-adherence.

Conclusion: Despite
medication adherence of real-world type 2 diabetes patients managed in
specialist care was relatively high, the prevalence of microvascular and
macrovascular complications was significantly higher in non-adherent patients
and treatment targets were reached less frequently. This emphasizes the
importance of objective detection and tailored interventions to improve non-adherence.
THE COURTS AND TREATIES: INDONESIA’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Dumoli Agusman Damos
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the enforceability of treaties under Indonesian legal system. The purpose of this article is to explore and provide answers to the following questions: (i) whether or not international law may be directly invoked and enforceable under domestic legal system (ii) how and to what extent Indonesian courts are using international law especially the treaties. In providing analysis to the above questions, this article discusses the notion of courts and judicial competence and judicial attitude towards treaties. This article suggests that there is no doubt that the courts may apply treaty provisions to the case at hand without and by virtue of national legislations. However, the attitude of the courts towards treaties as demonstrated in a number of cases above does not reveal any clear indication on the question of the status of treaties under domestic law especially with regard to the method on how the legal system incorporates treaties under domestic law. The Court decision has therefore not yet contributed to the attempt for seeking a legal determination of the domestic status of a treaty as well as the mode for granting its domestic validity.Keywords: domestic validity, Indonesian perspective, monism and dualism, status of treaties and treaty practices.AbstrakArtikel ini membahas mengenai pemberlakuan perjanjian internasional dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini: (i) apakah hukum internasional dapat secara langsung dijadikan rujukan dan berlaku dalam sistem hukum domestik (ii) bagaimana dan sampai mana pengadilan Indonesia menggunakan hukum internasional khususnya perjanjian internasional. Dalam memberikan analisis terhadap pertanyaan-pertanyaan diatas, artikel ini membahas perihal pengadilan dengan kompetensi yudisialnya, dan perilaku yudisial terhadap perjanjian internasional. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa pengadilan dapat menerapkan langsung perjanjian internasional terhadap perkara. Namun demikian praktik pengadilan dalam beberapa perkara yang terkait dengan perjanjian internasional belum memberikan indikasi yang jelas tentang kedudukan hukum perjanjian. Putusan Pengadilan oleh karena itu belum berkontribusi dalam upaya untuk mencari determinasi hukum terkait status domestik dari suatu perjanjian internasional dan cara pemberlakuan suatu perjanjian internasional dalam hukum domestik.Kata kunci: monisme dan dualisme, praktek perjanjian internasional, perspektif Indonesia, status perjanjian internasional, validitas domestik.
THE LEGALITY OF STATE OF EMERGENCY STATUS IMPOSED BY FRANCE FOLLOWING TERRORIST ATTACK
Authors: Yerica Christine Dampang Debby
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of terrorist attacks occurred in Paris, France, on 13th November 2015. In response to those terrorist attacks, French President declared a state of emergency no less than 24 hours after the attacks. Under state of emergency, French government is allowed to take any measures derogating human rights, for instance, conducting a search without a warrant and restricting an individual's freedom. Later on 14th July 2016, another attack occurred in Nice. French government then extended the state of emergency, and the extension itself was undertaken up to five times, meaning that the state of emergency was imposed up to six terms. As for the extension of the state of emergency, the authority of French government to exercise the derogation of human rights was also extended. State of emergency is permissible under international law provided that it is carried out consistent with the principles of human rights. This article aims to analyze the standards and limitations that bind States to implement state of emergency, particularly derogation measures. In this regard, France has failed to comply with the principles prescribed by international law taking into account that several derogation measures taken by France were inconsistent with the limitations set out under state of emergency.Keywords: derogation of human rights, state of emergency, terrorism 

Abstrak Pada tanggal 13 November 2015, telah terjadi rangkaian serangan teroris di kota Paris, Prancis. Akibat dari serangan teroris tersebut, maka Presiden Prancis mendeklarasikan bahwa Prancis dalam keadaan darurat. Dalam keadaan darurat tersebut pemerintah Prancis dapat melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang mengesampingkan HAM seperti melakukan penggeledahan tanpa surat perintah dan pembatasan terhadap kebebasan individu. Belum selesai masa keadaan darurat atas serangan teroris di kota Paris, munculah serangan teroris lainnya di kota Nice, Prancis pada tanggal 14 Juli 2016. Sebagai reaksi atas kejadian teror tersebut, Presiden Prancis kembali memperpanjang masa keadaan darurat. Oleh sebab itu, perpanjangan keadaan darurat dilakukan sebanyak lima kali yang berarti keadaan darurat diberlakukan dalam enam tahap. Dengan perpanjangan keadaan darurat maka pemerintah juga memperluas kewenangannya untuk melakukan tindakan yang mengesampingkan HAM warga Prancis. Keadaan darurat dapat diberlakukan berdasarkan hukum internasional dengan memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip HAM. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis standar dan batasan-batasan yang mengikat negara untuk memberlakukan keadaan darurat, terutama dalam mengambil langkah-langkah pengesampingan HAM. Dalam hal ini, Prancis telah gagal untuk mematuhi prinsip-prinsip hukum internasional mengingat beberapa langkah pengesampingan HAM tersebut tidak sejalan dengan batasan-batasan yang diatur dalam keadaan darurat. Kata kunci: keadaan darurat, pengesampingan HAM, terorisme
IS ASEAN’S PRACTICE OF NON-INTERFERENCE AND REGIONAL PARTICULARISM PRINCIPLES A SOURCE OF HINDRANCE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SOUTH EAST ASIA?
Authors: Rochmah Aga Desyana Siti
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In the ages of Duterte and his extrajudicial killing policies, of Aung Sang Suu Kyi and the Rohinya systemic persecution, of Malays rejecting the ratification of International Convention for Eradication of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), and other unfortunate events spanning across the region, South East Asia was largely suffering from various grave breaches of human rights violations. As the subcontinent umbrella organization, however, ASEAN’s hand has been largely tied when facing the issues pertaining in their region, despite pledging their commitment to establish protection and enactment of human rights law in its continent since 2007. Some experts say that its inability to perform meaningful actions is mainly attributable to its “non-interference policy”, a principle adopted by ASEAN with several unique characteristics that differs its practice with other organization practicing similar belief, mixed with a misguided application of implementation regarding “regional particularism”. This paper aims to understand the establishment of such principles’ implementation and how they influence the organization’s approach against violations of human rights happening under its member-states’ governments.

Keywords: Human Rights Violations, Non-Interference, Regional Particularism

 

Abstrak

Pada zaman Duterte dan kebijakan pembunuhan di luar proses hukumnya, Aung Sang Suu Kyi dan penganiayaan sistemik etnik Rohingya, orang-orang Malaysia menolak ratifikasi Konvensi Internasional untuk Pemberantasan Diskriminasi Rasial (ICERD), dan berbagai peristiwa malang lainnya yang terjadi di berbagai daerah, Asia Tenggara menderita berbagai pelanggaran berat hak asasi manusia (HAM). Namun, sebagai organisasi yang memayungi sub-benua, tangan-tangan ASEAN sebagian besar terikat ketika menghadapi masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan wilayah mereka, meskipun berjanji untuk membangun perlindungan dan pemberlakuan undang-undang hak asasi manusia di benua itu sejak 2007. Beberapa ahli mengatakan bahwa ketidakmampuannya untuk melakukan tindakan yang berarti terutama disebabkan oleh kebijakan non-intervensi-nya, sebuah prinsip yang diadopsi oleh ASEAN dengan beberapa karakteristik unik yang berbeda praktiknya dengan organisasi lain yang mempraktikkan prinsip serupa, yang kemudian dicampur dengan implementasi “kekhususan regional” yang problematik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami pembentukan implementasi prinsip tersebut dan bagaimana hal itu mempengaruhi pendekatan organisasi terhadap pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang terjadi di bawah pemerintahan negara-negara anggotanya.

Kata Kunci: Kekhususan Regional, Non-Intervensi, Pelanggaran HAM
A PROPOSAL FOR UN REFORM AND THE ROLE OF INDONESIA
Authors: Perdana Syarif Rizqi
Published: April 2021

Abstract

As of writing this article, the United Nations (UN) has turned 75 Years old. Formed from the end of World War II, the UN’s leadership is made up of the War’s victorious countries. The organization consists of 193 states from around the world. After 75 years, the UN has been criticized as being slow in responding to issues concerning International peace and security, even though the handling of such issues constitutes one of the main objectives of the UN. Proposals for UN reform have emerged since 1949 until today, but there were never any real efforts to restore the UN to its original function. Mandates from some Member States have urged the reformation of the organization. This paper discusses the efforts of the UN in responding to proposals for reform and the role of Indonesia as one of the member states of the UN. It is hoped that Indonesia can support and bring change to the UN.

Keywords: Indonesia, Reform, UN

 

Abstrak

Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa atau biasa disingkat PBB, sudah berumur 75 Tahun. Dibentuk dari berakhirnya perang dunia kedua, PBB dikuasai oleh para negara pemenang perang dunia. Lima Negara Anggota Permanent menginisiasi untuk membentuk PBB, dan kemudian bersama negara-negara di dunia membentuk Organisasi terbesar di dunia yang melingkupi 193 negara di seluruh dunia. Setelah 75 tahun usianya, PBB dinilai lambat dalam merespon isu yang berkaitan perdamaian dunia padahal isu tersebut merupakan tujuan dari dibentuknya PBB. Usulan untuk melakukan reformasi pun bergulir dari tahun 1949 hingga saat ini, namun belum pernah ada upaya yang riil untuk mengembalikan PBB kepada fungsi aslinya. Berdasarkan mandat dari beberapa negara Anggota PBB, PBB didesak untuk melakukan reformasi. Pada Makalah ini akan dibahas mengenai usaha yang dilakukan PBB dalam menyikapi Reformasi PBB dan Peran Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota PBB. Indonesia sebagai negara anggota PBB berharap bahwa dukungannya dapat membawa perubahan bagi PBB.

Kata Kunci: Indonesia, PBB, Reformasi
ARMS TRADE BETWEEN UNITED KINGDOM WITH SAUDI ARABIA IN YEMEN CONFLICT ASSOCIATED WITH ARMS TRADE TREATY 2014 AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Ridhani Vera
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In March 2015, the Saudi-led coalition of nine Arab countries commenced its military operations against the Houthi rebels and the forces loyal to President Saleh. This operation included bombing raids to civilians and civilian objects, a blockade in the Gulf of Aden, which is causing widespread humanitarian suffering in Yemen. During the Yemen conflict, the United Kingdom has issued 152 military licenses and export arms to Saudi Arabia with a value of £ 2,8 billion. The arms exported by the United Kingdom and use of weapons by Saudi Arabia has resulted in serious violation of International Humanitarian Law. Furthermore, the United Kingdom, as a state party to the Arms Trade Treaty 2014, has violated Article 6(3) and Article 7 of the Arms Trade Treaty for exporting the weapons without conducting mitigation risk and assessment. This article aims to analyze the violations of the Arms Trade Treaty caused by the serious violations of International Humanitarian Law, as well as the violations of United Kingdom’s national law and framework governing arms exports. This article also argues that according to the International Law Commission Article on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, the United Kingdom is responsible for the arms export that has caused damage to Yemen and should carry out compensation as a form of state responsibility.

Keywords: Arms Trade Treaty, Export, Transfer

 

Abstrak

Pada Maret 2015, koalisi pimpinan Arab Saudi dan kelompok koalisi melakukan operasi militer melawan pemberontak Houthi dan pasukan yang setia kepada Presiden Saleh. Operasi ini termasuk serangan pemboman terhadap warga sipil dan objek sipil, blokade di Teluk Aden, yang menyebabkan penderitaan kemanusiaan yang meluas di Yaman. Selama konflik Yaman, Inggris telah menerbitkan 152 lisensi militer dan mengekspor senjata ke Arab Saudi senilai £ 2,8 miliar.  Senjata yang diekspor Inggris dan penggunaan senjata oleh Arab Saudi telah mengakibatkan pelanggaran serius Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Lebih lanjut, Inggris sebagai negara pihak Arms Trade Treaty 2014 telah melanggar Pasal 6(3) dan Pasal 7 Arms Trade Treaty karena mengekspor senjata tanpa melakukan mitigasi risiko dan penilaian. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelanggaran Arms Trade Treaty yang disebabkan oleh pelanggaran serius Hukum Humaniter Internasional, serta pelanggaran hukum nasional Inggris dan kerangka kerja yang mengatur ekspor senjata. Artikel ini juga berpendapat bahwa menurut International Law Commission Article on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Inggris bertanggung jawab atas ekspor senjata yang telah menyebabkan kerusakan di Yaman dan harus melakukan kompensasi sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab negara.

Kata Kunci: Ekspor, Perjanjian Perdagangan Senjata, Transfer
NEW NORMAL AVIATION SAFETY: INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS ON PREVENTION OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSION BY MEAN OF INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
Authors: Pratama Garry Gumelar
Published: April 2021

AbstractEach party of the Chicago Convention 1944, the treaty governing international aviation, has agreed to take effective measures to prevent the spreading of diseases including the New CoronaVirus 2019 or COVID-19, which ruptures so many aspects of life. In fact, the current situation is not the first encounter of international aviation law with the same problem, combating dangerous and contagious disease pandemic. Before COVID-19, International aviation had to deal with highly contagious diseases such as Avian Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Now, states have learned better to keep in close consultation with the organizations that adopt international regulations relating to sanitary measures applicable to aviation. Due to the great danger to humankind, cutting the spreading of communicable diseases on international flights is not a mere legal obligation but also a moral responsibility to the human race as a whole.

Keywords: Air Law, COVID 19, International Aviation, International Regulations, New Normal

 

AbstrakNegara pihak dalam Chicago Convention 1944 sebagai salah satu sumber hukum internasional yang mengatur penerbangan internasional telah berkomitmen untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit melalui penerbangan, termasuk juga penyebaran Novel Coronavirus 2019 atau disingkat COVID-19. Pandemik yang telah meluluhlantakkan berbagai aspek kehidupan tersebut, sebenarnya bukan merupakan situasi pertama yang dihadapi oleh dunia penerbangan internasional, pada khususnya. Sebelum pandemik COVID-19, telah terdapat berbagai macam penyakit yang menyebar, salah satunya melalui penerbangan, termasuk Flu Burung (Avian Influenza) dan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Saat ini, dengan demikian, negara telah memiliki pengalaman untuk mengadakan koordinasi dengan lembaga-lembaga internasional terkait tindakan saniter yang dapat diaplikasikan pada perjalanan pesawat. Pemutusan penyebaran penyakit menular melalui penerbangan internasional merupakan masalah moral sekaligus masalah hukum.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Hukum Udara, Penerbangan Internasional, Regulasi Internasional, Normal Baru
A Case of Alopecia and Its Homoeopathic Approach
Authors:   Associate Prof. Department of Materia- Medica, R.B.T.S Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, Prakash Ravi , Khadim Azizul Islam ,   PG Scholar, Department of Practice of Medicine, R.B.T.S Govt. Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar
Published: April 2021

Hair is an ornament & beauty of every person life. It is an outward filamentous growth made up of keratin protein. It has major cosmetic role along with other sensory & homeostatic function. Homoeopathy has wonderful role to reduce hair fall & re-growth of new hair. This article is an attempt to overview of hair cycle, why hair is fall, homoeopathic approach of hair fall or alopecia with different repertorial rubric analysis & a very interesting case history. Keywords Hair fall; Homoeopathy; Constitutional medicine; Miasm
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Tata Kelola Terhadap Kebijakan Cash Holdings Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014 – 2016
Authors: Pranadita Rhezendy Pranadita , Harymawan Iman
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti cash holdings dan tata kelola perusahaan pada perusahaan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan 1023 sampel dari berbagai sektor industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX) kecuali sektor industri berkode SIC 6 periode 2014-2016 untuk meneliti bagaimana cash holdings dan tata kelola perusahaan pada perusahaan keluarga. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana cash holdings dan tata kelola perusahaan pada perusahaan keluarga digunakan regresi linier berganda (OLS) yang telah melewati proses winsorize dan ant-heteroskedastisitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa jumlah cash holdings mengalami peningkatan dengan adanya kepemilikan saham keluarga pada perusahaan. Perusahaan yang dikuasai keluarga dapat lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan perusahaan publik pada umumnya karena agency conflict yang rendah dan kepemilikan terpusat memungkinkannya memiliki monitoring yang kuat sehingga bisa mencegah aktifitas tunneling. Peningkatan cash holdings juga meningkat seiring semakin meningkatnya jumlah komisaris. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan gambaran kepada perusahaan mengenai bagaimana cash holdings dan tata kelola perusahaan pada perusahaan keluarga. Keywords: Cash holdings, Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Perusahaan Keluarga
Analisis dan Perbaikan Manajemen Risiko Pada Rantai Pasok Produk Tepung Tapioka PT. Budi Starch & Sweetener, Tbk Ponorogo dengan Menggunakan Metode House Of Risk (HOR)
Authors: Affifah Lailatul , Adjie Setyo , Farida Umi
Published: April 2021

Pada proses aktivitas rantai pasok terdapat berbagai risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi alur rantai pasok tidak dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Untuk mengurangi dan mengatasi berbagai risiko yang terjadi tersebut maka diperlukan adanya upaya perbaikan kinerja rantai pasok secara bertahap dan dilaksanakan secara terus-menerus (berkelanjutan), dengan mengatasi dan mecegah berbagai risiko yang berpotensi terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memitigasi risiko pada aktivitas rantai pasok produk tepung tapioka PT. Budi Starch & Sweetener, Tbk Ponorogo. Dalam penelitian ini teridentifikasi berbagai kemungkinan risiko yang berpotensi muncul dalam rantai pasok tepung tapioka. Metode yang digunakan dalam identifikasi dan evaluasi merupakan pengembangan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD), sedangkan penentuan kriteriadalam bisnis prosesnya menggunakan dimensi Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR). Dari metode penelitian tersebut, dikembangkan formulasi nilai potensi risiko untuk menentukan prioritas agen risiko yang akan dimitigasi dengan pendekatan House of Risk. Hasil output HOR 1 merupakan input pada tahap selanjutnya HOR 2 yaitu kerangka strategi mitigasi untuk sumber risiko (risk agent). Hasil dari HOR 2 terdapat 8 strategi mitigasi yang diprioritaskan untuk direalisasikan berdasarkan prioritas yaitu penetapan standar bahan baku yang akan dikirim, menentukan kondisi penyimpanan yang tepat pada gudang bahan baku, menguatkan kwitansi dan nota kesepakatan dengan supplier, pemilihan bahan baku pada supplier lebih selektif, mengingatkan supplier agar tetap mengutamakan jenis tanah yang sesuai untuk ditanam, memiliki standar kualitas singkong yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, melakukan rute pekerjaan dan rute operasional, melakukan penjadwalan.Kata Kunci: Risiko, Rantai Pasok, House of Risk
Intervenciones dirigidas a la disminución de los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos en personas con trastorno del espectro autista: una revisión
Authors: Montagut-Asunción Maite , Flores-Pérez Elan Joel , Tijeras-Iborra Amparo , Pastor-Cerezuela Gemma
Published: April 2021

El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por déficits en la comunicación e interacción social y por comportamientos restrictivos y repetitivos. Presenta una elevada comorbilidad con otros trastornos, de hasta un 37% con el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) en pacientes jóvenes. El TOC se caracteriza por pensamientos e ideas recurrentes que llevan a la persona a realizar acciones compulsivas para disminuir el nivel de ansiedad que estos pensamientos le generan. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de los métodos psicológicos de intervención utilizados, así como de la efectividad de los mismos, en la reducción de los síntomas del TOC comórbido en personas con TEA. Se incluyeron 14 artículos, en los que la terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) y la exposición y prevención de respuestas (EPR) presentaron resultados alentadores en la disminución de estos síntomas.