bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting TGF beta receptor 1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jank Bernhard J. , Schnoell Julia , Kladnik Katharina , Sparr Carmen , Haas Markus , Gurnhofer Elisabeth , Lein Alexander L. , Brunner Markus , Kenner Lukas , Kadletz‐Wanke Lorenz , Heiduschka Gregor
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The transforming growth factor‐Beta (TGF‐ß) pathway may be involved in the radioresistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study analyzed TGF‐ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) expression in HNSCC patients and evaluated the antineoplastic and radiosensitizing effects of vactosertib, a novel TGFBR1 inhibitor, in vitro.

Materials and Methods

TGFBR1 expression was examined in HNSCC patients at the mRNA level in silico and the protein level by immunohistochemistry, including surgical specimens of primary tumors, matched lymph node metastasis, and recurrent disease. Furthermore, a novel small molecule TGFBR1 inhibitor was evaluated in HNSCC cell lines. Finally, an indirect coculture model using patient‐derived cancer‐associated fibroblasts was applied to mimic the tumor microenvironment.

Results

Patients with high TGFBR1 mRNA levels showed significantly worse overall survival in silico (OS, p = 0.024). At the protein level, an association between TGFBR1+ tumor and OS was observed for the subgroup with TGFBR1‐stroma (p = 0.001). Those results prevailed in multivariable analysis. Inhibition of TGFBR1 showed antineoplastic effects in vitro. In combination with radiation, vactosertib showed synergistic effects.

Conclusion

Our results indicate a high risk of death in tumorTGFBR1+|stromaTGFBR1‐ expressing patients. In vitro data suggest a potential radiosensitizing effect of TGFBR1 inhibition by vactosertib.
Integration of hospital and community care for paediatric ophthalmology: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Chan Stephen C. Y. , Shah Parth R. , Tan Kimberley , Ford Belinda , Webber Ann , Keay Lisa
Published: May 2023

Background

To explore collaborative care models for paediatric eye care that integrate hospital and community‐based care to address access blocks.

Methods

Sequential referrals to a tertiary paediatric ophthalmology clinic between April and October 2019 and subsequent encounters up until July 2020 at a major metropolitan public children's hospital in Sydney, Australia, were reviewed to identify those cases suitable for community care. Semi‐structured phone interviews were conducted with eye health service providers, including ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists, as well as service users to explore their perspectives on potential changes to service delivery. Qualitative data were analysed deductively using the Levesque model for access to healthcare and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to inform implementation strategies for future models of care.

Results

One‐third of the 439 audited referrals (30.5%; 134/439) were identified as suitable for community management. Interviews revealed five themes relating to potential models of care, which would support and promote access: integrated health systems, standardised quality of care, interprofessional trust, multidisciplinary governance and patient‐centred care. Key recommendations for future implementation included: (i) identifying and preparing clinical champions, (ii) conducting educational meetings, (iii) conducting local needs assessments and (iv) informing local opinion leaders.

Conclusions

This audit highlights access blocks and poor targeting of referrals to tertiary paediatric ophthalmology services in a metropolitan hospital. Integration with community practitioners was identified as an acceptable way to streamline services, and strategies that may support successful implementation in this setting were identified.
Non‐Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Periprosthetic Joint Infections Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Maimaiti Zulipikaer , Li Zhuo , Xu Chi , Fu Jun , Hao Libo , Chen Jiying , Li Xiang , Chai Wei
Published: May 2023

Objective

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by non‐tubercular mycobacteria (NTM) is uncommon but catastrophic. However, conclusive clinical data on PJI caused by NTM are lacking. In this case series and systematic review, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM PJI are summarized and analyzed.

Methods

From 2012 to 2020, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive PJI cases caused by NTM in our institution. A literature review was also conducted from January 2000 to December 2021, utilizing the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases to identify all reported NTM‐induced PJI cases. The clinical characteristics, demographics, pathogen identification, treatment protocols, and prognosis of NTM PJI were summarized and analyzed.

Results

In this retrospective analysis, seven patients infected with NTM following total joint arthroplasty at our institution were included, including six cases of PJI caused by NTM and one case of septic arthritis (SA) caused by NTM. There were six men and one woman, and their average age was 62.3 years. The average interval between TJA and PJI onset was 4 months. The preoperative serological markers, including the mean ESR (51 mm/h), CRP (4.0 mg/dL), fibrinogen (5.7 g/L), and D‐dimer (1.1 g/L), were increased. Six patients underwent staged revision surgery, and one patient with SA received antibiotic‐loaded bone cement beads to treat the infection. After an average of 33 months of observation following surgical intervention, none of the patients showed any symptoms of infection recurrence. From 2000 to 2021, 68 patients with NTM PJI were found in 39 studies in the published literature. Reinfections occurred within 1 year after arthroplasty in more than half (53.2%) of the patients. M. fortuitum and M. abscesses were the most prevalent rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) in all PJI patients, whereas Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC) was the most prevalent slowly growing mycobacterium (SGM). The corresponding antibiotics were amikacin and ethambutol. The rate of culture‐negative without specific clinical symptoms was as high as 36.4% (12/33), while 45% (18/40) utilized additional diagnostic techniques such as NGS. A final clinical follow‐up record was available for 59 patients (86.7%; mean follow‐up period, 29 months), and 10.1% of patients failed to respond to treatment.

Conclusion

Orthopaedic surgeons should consider NTM in patients with negative routine cultures who are at risk for Mycobacterium infection. Treatment options rely on the accurate result of microbiologic identification and drug sensitivity testing, and to achieve this, it may be necessary to send multiple culture specimens, extend the culture time, and change the culture medium. Every effort should be made to identify NTM and its various subtypes through modern diagnostic tools if necessary.
Bilateral Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Clinical‐Functional Characterization and Efficacy of Two Combined Postoperative Physiotherapeutic Treatments
Authors: Georgeto Sergio Murilo , Andraus Rodrigo Antônio Carvalho , de Oliveira Júnior Eros , da Silva Rubens A , Ngomo Suzy , Fernandes Karen Barros Parron
Published: May 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of combined association instrument myofascial mobilization (IASTM) and stretching in patients with idiopathic bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) operated on one hand and to analyze the response of the operated (OH) and non‐operated (NH) hand according to the sequence of therapies. Research on these parameters has not yet been found in the literature.

Methods

Randomized controlled crossover study with 43 participants using the objective and subjective outcome variables. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: starting with stretching followed by IASTM and starting with IASTM followed by stretching. Then patients underwent surgery on the hand with more severe involvement and physical therapy rehabilitation was started 30 days after for a period of 4 weeks. After the 1‐week interval the participants who started with stretching were referred to IASTM and vice versa, following the same previous patterns. The outpatient reassessments took place at 3 to 6 months. Crossover ANOVA and effect sizes were used as analysis methods.

Results

Time was the most significant outcome for all variables both during therapies and at 6‐month follow‐up. Regarding response to the combined therapies between OH and NH, there were differences for both OH and NH, with the greatest impact on NH for the palmar grip and VAS variables. The treatment sequences were significant for pain on the NH and mental SF‐12, suggesting that starting with IASTM followed by stretching had a superior outcome for these outcomes.

Conclusion

The combination of IASTM with stretching, used in the postoperative period of bilateral idiopathic CTS, proved to be supplementary, with significant results and large effect sizes for most of the outcomes assessed, both during the time of application of the therapies and in the 6‐month follow‐up for both hands, and may constitute a viable therapeutic alternative for this population.
Left bundle branch area pacing prevents pacing induced cardiomyopathy in long‐term observation
Authors: Bednarek Agnieszka , Kiełbasa Grzegorz , Moskal Paweł , Ostrowska Aleksandra , Bednarski Adam , Sondej Tomasz , Kusiak Aleksander , Rajzer Marek , Jastrzębski Marek
Published: May 2023

Background

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is one of the methods to deliver conduction system pacing which potentially avoids the negative impact of conventional right ventricular pacing.

Objective

To assess echocardiographic outcomes in a long‐term observation in patients with LBBAP implemented for bradyarrhythmia indications.

Methods and Results

A total of 151 patients with symptomatic bradycardia and LBBAP pacemaker implanted, were prospectively included in the study. Subjects with left bundle branch block and CRT indications (n = 29), ventricular pacing burden <40% (n = 11), and loss of LBBAP (n = 10) were excluded from further analysis. At baseline and the last follow‐up visit, echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessment, 12‐lead ECG, pacemaker interrogation, and blood level of NT‐proBNP were performed. The median follow‐up period was 23 months (15.5–28). None of the analyzed patients fulfilled the criteria for pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and GLS was observed in patients with LVEF <50% at baseline (n = 39): 41.4 ± 9.2% versus 45.6 ± 9.9%, and 12.9 ± 3.6% versus 15.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. In the subgroup with preserved EF (n = 62), LVEF and GLS remained stable at follow‐up: 59.3 ± 5.5% versus 60 ± 5.5%, and 19 ± 3.9% versus 19.4 ± 3.8%, respectively.

Conclusion

LBBAP prevents PICM in patients with preserved LVEF and improves left ventricle function in subjects with depressed LVEF. LBBAP might be the preferred pacing modality for bradyarrhythmia indications.
Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the multiple levels of crosstalk in phytohormone networks in Brassica napus
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Yan Guanbo , Wang Shengbo , Yu Liangqian , Lin Wei , Lu Shaoping , Guo Liang , Yang Qing‐Yong , Dai Cheng
Published: May 2023

Plant hormones are the intrinsic factors that control plant development. The integration of different phytohormone pathways in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions has been elucidated in model plants. However, the systemic level of transcriptional responses to hormone crosstalk in Brassica napus is largely unknown. Here, we present an in‐depth temporal‐resolution study of the transcriptomes of the seven hormones in B. napus seedlings. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed few common target genes that co‐regulated (up‐ and down‐regulated) by seven hormones; instead, different hormones appear to regulate distinct members of protein families. We then constructed the regulatory networks between the seven hormones side by side, which allowed us to identify key genes and transcription factors that regulate the hormone crosstalk in B. napus. Using this dataset, we uncovered a novel crosstalk between gibberellin and cytokinin in which cytokinin homeostasis was mediated by RGA‐related CKXs expression. Moreover, the modulation of gibberellin metabolism by the identified key transcription factors was confirmed in B. napus. Furthermore, all data were available online from http://yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/BnTIR/hormone. Our study reveals an integrated hormone crosstalk network in Brassica napus, which also provides a versatile resource for future hormone studies in plant species.
Use of meloxicam with or without dipyrone in non‐surgical embryo recovery in hair sheep: Effects on animal welfare
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Clara Sarzedas , Taira Augusto Ryonosuke , Santos Vanessa Costa , Brair Viviane Lopes , Lopes Maria Paula Fassarella , Balaro Mario Felipe Alvarez , Souza‐Fabjan Joanna Maria Gonçalves , da Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira , Ungerfeld Rodolfo , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meloxicam with or without dipyrone on the welfare of ewes subjected to non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER). Two studies were carried out using 51 multiparous Santa Inês ewes. All animals received a standard oestrous synchronization treatment and a superovulatory protocol. In Study 1, 12 ewes received meloxicam (GM) before cervical transposition (1 mg kg−1, i.v.), repeated 24 h after (1 mg kg−1, i.m.), while the other 10 received a saline solution, remaining as a control group (GC1). In Study 2, ewes were allocated into a group of 15 ewes treated as GM of Study 1 associated with dipyrone (GMD; 50 mg kg−1, i.m.) before cervical transposition, 12 h, and 24 h after, or a control group (GC2) of 14 ewes treated with saline solution. In both studies, heart and respiratory rates (RR), cortisol, glucose, total proteins, albumin and globulins blood concentration were recorded before sedation (BS), after sedation (AS), after cervical transposition, immediately after collection (IAC), and 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after embryo collection (hAC). In Study 1, RR tended to be greater in GC1 (p = .08), serum total proteins and globulins values were lower and serum albumin values were greater in this group than GM (p = .003, p < .0001, and p < .0001, respectively). In Study 2, treatment of GMD tended to reduce the glycaemia at AS (p = .052) and reduced it at 3hAC (p < .0001), and 6hAC (p = .03). It also tended to reduce cortisol concentrations (p = .10). The other variables varied with NSER without interaction with the experimental treatments. In conclusion, in this study condition, NSER in sheep induced transient changes indicative of stress and possibly pain, therefore, affecting animal welfare. The administration of meloxicam was ineffective to reduce those responses, and the association of dipyrone had only slight effects without modifying the main welfare indicative responses in ewes subjected to NSER.
Orthogonal polynomials on a class of planar algebraic curves
Authors: Fasondini Marco , Olver Sheehan , Xu Yuan
Published: May 2023

We construct bivariate orthogonal polynomials (OPs) on algebraic curves of the form in where and ϕ is a polynomial of arbitrary degreed, in terms of univariate semiclassical OPs. We compute connection coefficients that relate the bivariate OPs to a polynomial basis that is itself orthogonal and whose span contains the OPs as a subspace. The connection matrix is shown to be banded and the connection coefficients and Jacobi matrices for OPs of degree are computed via the Lanczos algorithm in  operations.
Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a in the shallow, carbonate‐dominated intrashelf Kazhdumi Basin, Zagros Mountains
Authors: Jafarian Arman , Husinec Antun , Wang Chengshan , Chen Xi , Saboor Abdus , Li Yalin
Published: May 2023

The early Aptian Selli Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (ca 120 Ma) is a major Mesozoic episode of biotic, climatic, environmental and geochemical perturbations associated with the extensive burial of organic matter. Based on the new sedimentological, biostratigraphic and carbon‐isotope data from the Kazhdumi Intrashelf Basin, this study tracks the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a‐associated perturbations along the north‐eastern margin of the Arabian Plate. The studied succession has five complete third‐order sequences with three facies associations: (i) deep open‐marine and intrashelf basin; (ii) shallow open‐marine mid‐ramp; and (iii) inner ramp. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a‐equivalent deposits include the former two facies associations – (i) and (ii) – and are 25 to 31 m thick, which corresponds to the accumulation rates of ca 1.9 to 3.1 cm kyr−1 (uncorrected for compaction) based on the 1.0 to 1.3 Myr duration of the event. The interval retained a high‐resolution record of carbon‐isotope and sea‐level fluctuations, which enables correlation across the Arabian Plate and Tethys. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a onset is marked by a biotic change from ostreid‐dominated shallow‐marine limestone with abundant foraminifera (Palorbitolina lenticularis and Choffatella decipiens) to dark grey deep‐water planktonic foraminifera‐rich and radiolaria‐rich limestone with chert and organic‐rich shale (Radiolarian Flood Zone). The upper oceanic anoxic event part of 1a is characterized by the shallowing‐upward, backstepping facies marking the return to a shallow open‐marine setting, albeit without recovery of the Palorbitolina–Choffatella association. Deep open‐marine deposition (Kazhdumi Tongue) was restored early during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a recovery in the latest early Aptian. A return to shallow open‐marine environments with Mesorbitolina‐rich limestone marks the beginning of the late Aptian, followed by a major sea‐level fall and karstification. This study resolves some of the uncertainties related to the order and timing of the events influencing the environmental disturbances across the eastern Arabian Plate during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a and stresses the importance of shallow carbonate‐dominated intrashelf basins as faithful recorders of carbon‐isotope and sea‐level oscillations and palaeoenvironmental changes during global oceanic perturbations.
The use of diaries for understanding the experience of health and illness
Authors: Hilário Ana Patrícia , Augusto Fábio Rafael
Published: May 2023

While diaries as a method have a long tradition in sociological research, few studies to date have demonstrated its value for studying health and illness. This article intends to illustrate the importance of this method for health research. The implications of the use of solicited diaries to conduct research within the field of health and illness are discussed. The contributions that the method can make to sociological research on health and illness are explored, namely the potential to capture the everyday of ill people and their family members. Indeed, this method offers an opportunity to access the experience of illness in a multidimensional approach which is not easy for researchers to catch using other methods. The article aims to present an overview of the significance of the use of diaries in health research and will make a novel contribution to the sociology of health and illness.
Transitions in intronic regions result in two novel HLA‐DQB1 alleles: –DQB1*05:02:01:13 and ‐DQB1*05:02:01:14
Authors: Niño Ramírez Jairo Eduardo , Gil‐Etayo Francisco Javier , Vicente Parra Ariadna , García Sanz Ramón , Tejeda Velarde Amalia
Published: May 2023

Two transitions in intronic regions give rise to the novel alleles: HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:13 and HLA‐DQB1*05:02:01:14.
Estimating traffic speed and speeding using passively collected big mobility data and a distributed computing framework
Authors: Zhang Peiqi , Stewart Kathleen , Li Yao
Published: May 2023

With the increasing availability of location‐aware devices, passively collected big GPS trajectory data offer new opportunities for analyzing human mobility. Processing big GPS trajectory data, especially extracting information from billions of trajectory points and assigning information to corresponding road segments in road networks, is a challenging but necessary task for researchers to take full advantage of big data. In this research, we propose an Apache Spark and Sedona‐based computing framework that is capable of estimating traffic speeds for statewide road networks from GPS trajectory data. Taking advantage of spatial resilient distributed datasets supported by Sedona, the framework provides high computing efficiency while using affordable computing resources for map matching and waypoint gap filling. Using a mobility dataset of 126 million trajectory points collected in California, and a road network inclusive of all road types, we computed hourly speed estimates for approximately 600,000 segments across the state. Comparing speed estimates for freeway segments with speed limits, our speed estimates showed that speeding on freeways occurred mostly during the nighttime, while analysis of travel on residential roads showed that speeds were relatively stable over the 24‐h period.
Maternal and perinatal risk factors associated with congenital syphilis
Authors: Pascoal Lorena Batista , Carellos Ericka Viana Machado , Tarabai Briana Henriques Machado , Vieira Cristina Cerqueira , Rezende Larissa Gonçalves , Salgado Bárbara Silveira Faria , de Castro Romanelli Roberta Maia
Published: May 2023

Objective

Mother‐to‐child transmission of syphilis remains an important global public health problem. Untreated intrauterine infection may result in adverse events for the fetus or newborn (NB). Maternal risk factors, such as prenatal care, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment, significantly impact the likelihood of vertical transmission of syphilis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate maternal risk factors for congenital syphilis and the characteristics of exposed NB.

Methods

A total of 14 studies were evaluated, including 8 cohort studies, 4 cross‐sectional and 2 control cases. A total of 12,230 women were included, with confirmed or highly probable congenital syphilis outcome, and 2285 NB. The studies evaluated risk factors for congenital syphilis, which were maternal, demographic, obstetric factors and characteristics of the exposed NB.

Results

Included in the risk factors studied, inadequate prenatal care and late onset, as well as inadequate or late treatment of maternal syphilis were significant risk factors for the outcome of congenital syphilis. When the time set of maternal diagnosis was correlated with neonatal infection, there was a tendency to worsen prognosis (more infected NB) in women diagnosed later in pregnancy, as well as in women who underwent few prenatal consultations and inadequate treatment. Women with recent syphilis with high VDRL titres had a higher rate of vertical transmission. The prior history of syphilis with adequate treatment was identified as a protective factor, resulting in lower rates of congenital syphilis. Among the epidemiological and demographic aspects surveyed, it was observed that young age, lower schooling, unemployment, low family income and no fixed residence were associated with higher risk of congenital syphilis.

Conclusions

The association of syphilis with adverse socio‐economic conditions and inadequate prenatal care suggests that the improvement of the population's living conditions and equitable access to quality health services may have an impact on the reduction of congenital syphilis.
Irradiation is not sufficient to eradicate residual immortalized erythroid cells in in vitro‐generated red blood cell products
Authors: Kim Suyeon , Jo Kyeong Won , Park Ju Mi , Shin Arim , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Kweon Soonho , Baek Eun Jung
Published: May 2023

Background

The generation of immortalized erythroid progenitor cell lines capable of producing enough red blood cells (RBCs) for blood transfusion typically requires the overexpression of oncogenes in stem cells or progenitor cells to permanently proliferate immature cells. It is essential that any live oncogene‐expressing cells are eliminated from the final RBC products for clinical use.

Study Design and Methods

It is believed that safety issues may be resolved by using a leukoreduction filter or by irradiating the final products, as is conventionally done in blood banks; however, this has never been proven to be effective. Therefore, to investigate whether immortalized erythroblasts can be completely removed using γ‐ray irradiation, we irradiated the erythroblast cell line, HiDEP, and the erythroleukemic cell line, K562 that overexpress HPV16 E6/E7. We then analyzed the extent of cell death using flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cells were also subjected to leukoreduction filters.

Results

Using γ‐ray irradiation at 25 Gy, 90.4% of HiDEP cells, 91.6% of K562‐HPV16 E6/E7 cells, and 93.5% of non‐transduced K562 cells were dead. In addition, 5.58 × 107 HiDEP cells were passed through a leukoreduction filter, and 38 intact cells were harvested, revealing a filter removal efficiency of 99.9999%. However, both intact cells and oncogene DNA were still detected.

Discussion

Irradiation cannot induce total cell death of oncogene‐expressing erythroblasts and leukocyte filter efficiency is not 100%. Therefore, our findings imply that for clinical applications, safer methods should be developed to completely remove residual nucleated cells from cell line‐derived RBC products.
The Visual Guidance of Dance Images in Humanities Documentaries
Authors: Yu Kun , Yaakup Hani Salwah , Zainudin Sharifah Sofiah Syed , Razi Siti Aishah Hj Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Do communicators' emotional expressions in dance-themed visual expressions in humanities documentaries depend on the visual guidance of dance camera language? There is limited information related to humanities documentaries with dance as a theme in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the creator's visual guidance on an audience's perception of dance images. Based on a humanities documentary’s overall tone, the communicator selected appropriate dance sequences and dance clips and recorded them from a dancer's point of view to capture an image's moral expression and bring the humanities documentary to a climax. The study explored whether an audience’s perspective of visual information from a dance in which the dance body language is guided by a video varies from that perceived when watching the dance in the past. This analysis opens up new avenues for video display and dance representation for the expression of dance video, to satisfy an audience's sense of observation and communicate an emotional expression.
Evaluation of affective learning in a gamified pharmacy simulation
Authors: Hope Denise L , Rogers Gary D , Grant Gary D , King Michelle A
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Pharmacy students must achieve learning in the affective domain to attain the professional values that underpin patient-centred practice and self-directed, lifelong learning. An array of learning and teaching activities, including gaming and simulation, are used to achieve affective learning. The aim of this research was to evaluate affective learning in participants of an extended, immersive, gamified pharmacy simulation.
Methods: Student teams managed simulated pharmacies, assuming the role of autonomous pharmacists to complete regular, scaffolded, pharmacy-related tasks and safely provide medicines and counselling. The 3-week gamified simulation was designed to develop teamwork and collaborative skills, while enhancing students’ professional identity, confidence and competencies. Affective learning was assessed via analysis of student reflective journals. Final-year pharmacy students completed debriefing and reflection at specific timepoints during participation in the 3-week gamified simulation. The validated Griffith University Affective Learning Scale (GUALS) was used by trained external assessors to evaluate the highest levels of affective learning detected in student reflective journals. Quantitative analysis of GUALS scores was conducted using SPSS 25. Means were computed per student for each week, regardless of journalling frequency, and changes over time compared.
Results: From 2016 to 2018, 123 students participated in the simulation, generating 734 reflective journal entries for analysis. Overall, affective learning was evident, and its level increased over the course of the simulation. This was primarily associated with the improvements of female students.
Conclusion: An extended, immersive, gamified pharmacy simulation induced and enhanced affective learning in final-year pharmacy students.
Examining the Digital Pitch: A 3-Year Examination of Social Media Metrics From Men’s Professional Sport
Authors: Scalera Alyssa , Naraine Michael L.
Published: May 2023

Although research in the social media and sport domain continues to uncover key insights related to content, there has been a push toward identifying the social media metrics that serve as the antecedents to relationship marketing engagement. Along that vein, the purpose of this study was to analyze social media activity (i.e., impressions and engagements) from all teams in a given professional sport league over a 3-year period. Contextually set with Major League Soccer teams for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 calendar years, 66,745 Instagram posts were retrieved using MVPindex and parsed for focal social media metrics (i.e., impressions and engagements) for each team using a temporal lens (i.e., by month and by day). Findings of this study align with past work indicating the need for sport properties to focus on posting outside of game-day windows, harnessing the ongoing, instantaneous nature of social media.
Stimulus–Response Compatibility During Fighting Task Simulation: Influences of the Opponent’s Spatial Codes on the Accuracy and Response Time
Authors: de Moura Andreza Abreus , Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo José , Conde Erick Francisco Quintas
Published: May 2023

Manual Reaction Time measures have been widely used to study interactions between perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions. The Stimulus–Response Compatibility is a phenomenon characterized through faster Manual Reaction Times when stimuli and response locations coincide (correspondent condition) than when they are on different sides (noncorrespondent condition). The present study adapted a protocol to study if the Stimulus–Response Compatibility effect can be detected during a virtual combat simulation. Twenty-seven participants were instructed to defend themselves by clicking a key in order to block the presented punch. Videos of two fighters were used, granting two types of basic strokes: the back fist, a punch performed with the dorsal part of the fighter’s hand, starting at the opposite side to which it is directed; and the hook punch, performed with a clenched fist starting and finishing ipsilaterally. The Manual Reaction Times were different between the correspondent and noncorrespondent conditions, F(1, 26) = 9.925; p < .004; η2 = .276, with an Stimulus–Response Compatibility effect of 72 ms. Errors were also different, F(1, 26) = 23.199; p < .001; η2 = .472, between the correspondent (13%) and the noncorrespondent conditions (23%). The study concluded that spatial codes presented at the beginning of the punch movement perception substantially influenced the response execution.
Intrapulmonary Treatment with Mycobacteriophage LysB Rapidly Reduces Mycobacterium abscessus Burden
Authors: Hurst-Hess Kelley , Walz Amanda , Yang Yong , McGuirk Helen , Gonzalez-Juarrero Mercedes , Hatfull Graham F. , Ghosh Pallavi , Ojha Anil K.
Published: May 2023

Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in
Mycobacterium abscessus
presents challenges in infection control, and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Bacteriophage therapy shows promise, but variabilities in
M. abscessus
phage susceptibility limits its broader utility.
In Vitro
Synergistic Effects of Omadacycline with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Fujiwara Keiji , Aono Akio , Asami Takahiro , Morimoto Kozo , Kamada Keisuke , Morishige Yuta , Igarashi Yuriko , Chikamatsu Kinuyo , Murase Yoshiro , Yamada Hiroyuki , Takaki Akiko , Mitarai Satoshi
Published: May 2023

The clinical importance of
Mycobacterium abscessus
species (MABS) infections has been increasing. However, the standard treatment regimens recommended in the current guidelines often result in unfavorable outcomes.
The Multifaceted Role of Homologous Recombination in a Fastidious Bacterial Plant Pathogen
Authors: Castillo Andreina I. , Almeida Rodrigo P. P.
Published: May 2023

There is ample evidence that homologous recombination occurs frequently in the economically important plant pathogen
Xylella fastidiosa
. Homologous recombination has been known to occur among sympatric subspecies and is associated with host-switching events and virulence-linked genes.
Plasticity, Paralogy, and Pseudogenization: Rhabdoviruses of Freshwater Mussels Elucidate Mechanisms of Viral Genome Diversification and the Evolution of the Finfish-Infecting Rhabdoviral Genera
Authors: Goldberg Tony L. , Blevins Emilie , Leis Eric M. , Standish Isaac F. , Richard Jordan C. , Lueder Matthew R. , Cer Regina Z. , Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A.
Published: May 2023

Viruses in the familyRhabdoviridaeinfect a variety of hosts, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and fungi, with important consequences for health and agriculture. This study describes two newly discovered viruses of freshwater mussels from the United States.
Serum Immune Responses to Group A Streptococcal Antigens following Pharyngeal Acquisitions among Children in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Salie M. Taariq , Muhamed Babu , Engel Kélin , Rampersadh Kimona , Daniels Rezeen , Mhlanti Lwazi , Penfound Thomas A. , Sable Craig A. , Zühlke Liesl J. , Dale James B. , Engel Mark E.
Published: May 2023

There is currently limited information regarding the human immune response to group A streptococcal throat infection. An understanding of the kinetics and specificity of antibody responses against a panel of Group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) antigens will serve to refine diagnostic approaches and contribute to vaccine efforts, which together will serve to reduce the burden of rheumatic heart disease, a major source of morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world.
Wastewater Genomic Surveillance Captures Early Detection of Omicron in Utah
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Liao Stefan , Ezekiel Maleea , Novak Nicolle , Rossi Alessandro , LaCross Nathan , Oakeson Kelly , Rohrwasser Andreas
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has had a significant impact on public health. Global emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, shift to at-home tests, and reduction in clinical tests demonstrate the need for a reliable and effective surveillance strategy to contain COVID-19 spread.
In Vitro
Activities and Inoculum Effects of Cefiderocol and Aztreonam-Avibactam against Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Huang Yu-Shan , Chen Pao-Yu , Chou Pei-Chun , Wang Jann-Tay
Published: May 2023

The prevalence of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
is increasing worldwide. Currently, therapeutic options for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
remain limited.
Iron Delivery through Membrane Vesicles in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Kawashima Kayuki , Nagakubo Toshiki , Nomura Nobuhiko , Toyofuku Masanori
Published: May 2023

Iron is an essential element of life. Many bacteria have developed iron acquisition systems, such as siderophores, for external iron uptake.
Corynebacterium glutamicum
, a soil bacterium known for its potential for industrial applications, was shown to lack the ability to produce extracellular, low-molecular-weight iron carriers, and it remains elusive how this bacterium acquires iron.
CLEC18A Impairs Phagocytosis by Reducing FcγRIIA Expression and Arresting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion
Authors: Liao Tsai-Ling , Chen Yi-Ming , Tang Kuo-Tung , Yang Ying-Ying , Chen Der-Yuan , Chan Tsung-Hsien , Tsai Hui-Ju , Hsieh Shie-Liang
Published: May 2023

During infection, the host immune system produces cellular factors to protect against pathogen invasion. However, when the immune response overreacts and there is dysregulated cytokine homeostasis, autoimmunity occurs following an infection.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in China
Authors: Lin Yushan , Han Jinge , Barkema Herman W. , Wang Yue , Gao Jian , Kastelic John P. , Han Bo , Qin Shunyi , Deng Zhaoju
Published: May 2023

This study provides important genomic insights into a bovine mastitis pathogen,
Lactococcus garvieae
. Comprehensive genomic analyses of
L. garvieae
from dairy farms have not been reported.
Phenotypic Screens Identify Genetic Factors Associated with Gametocyte Development in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Chawla Jyotsna , Goldowitz Ilana , Oberstaller Jenna , Zhang Min , Pires Camilla Valente , Navarro Francesca , Sollelis Lauriane , Wang Chengqi C. Q. , Seyfang Andreas , Dvorin Jeffrey , Otto Thomas D. , Rayner Julian C. , Marti Matthias , Adams John H.
Published: May 2023

Blocking human-to-vector transmission is an essential step toward malaria elimination. Gametocytes are solely responsible for achieving this transmission and represent an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Attention-Guided Transfer Learning for Identification of Filamentous Fungi Encountered in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Huang Tsi-Shu , Wang Kevin , Ye Xiu-Yuan , Chen Chii-Shiang , Chang Fu-Chuen
Published: May 2023

This study utilizes transfer learning with CNNs to classify fungal genera and identify
Aspergillus
species using microscopic images from touch-tape preparation and lactophenol cotton blue staining. The training and test data sets included 4,108 images with representative microscopic morphology for each genus, and a soft attention mechanism was incorporated to enhance classification accuracy.
Aspiration thrombectomy: safe removal of thrombi too big to aspirate
Authors: Chacon Lucas , Sheldon Mark , Riangwiwat Tanawan , Blankenship James
Published: May 2023

Aspiration thrombectomy has been associated with an increased risk of stroke, and its routine use is not recommended. Ill-defined procedural techniques for aspiration thrombectomy may provide an explanation for inconsistent outcomes and adverse event rates in trials. Large thrombi can plug the aspiration port of the aspiration catheter and then be dislodged into the central circulation when they are retracted into the guide catheter, or when the aspiration catheter is removed from the Tuohy connector. We report a case of thrombus aspiration where a large distal thrombus was aspirated into the mouth of the aspiration catheter, held there with suction as it was removed and delivered outside the body without being dislodged. We offer several tips for safe removal of coronary thrombi too big to aspirate.
Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn patients in China from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Kun , Liu Jing , Wang Xinyu , Chu Ping , Feng Guoshuang , Zeng Yueping , Xu Xin , Guo Yongli , Ni Xin
Published: May 2023

Background

Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn can help to protect children from burn injuries. Most of the previous studies have been conducted on small scale and single centre in China. This study analysed the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn using a large-scale and multicentre database from 23 children’s hospitals in China to increase child protection against burn injuries, improve the quality of care and reduce hospitalisation costs.

Methods

Excerpted information from medical records of 6741 paediatric burn cases was extracted from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database from 2016 to 2019. The epidemiological characteristics of patients, including gender, age, cause of burn injuries, complication, the timing of hospitalisation (season and month) and hospitalisation length and cost, were collected.

Results

Male gender (63.23%), aged 1–2 years (69.95%), and hydrothermal scald (80.57%) were significantly dominant among cases. Furthermore, complications were significantly different among groups with different age of patients. Pneumonia was the most common complication (21%). Meanwhile, most paediatric burn occurred in spring (26.73%), and hospitalisation length and cost significantly depended on the cause of the burn injuries and surgical intervention.

Conclusions

This large-scale epidemiological study of paediatric burn in China revealed that boys aged 1–2 years with higher activity and lack of self-awareness are more likely to suffer from burn injuries by hydrothermal scald. In addition, complications, especially pneumonia, need attention and early prevention in paediatric burn.
Healthy Runner Project: a 7-year, multisite nutrition education intervention to reduce bone stress injury incidence in collegiate distance runners
Authors: Fredericson Michael , Roche Megan , Barrack Michelle T , Tenforde Adam , Sainani Kristin , Kraus Emily , Kussman Andrea , Miller Olson Emily , Kim Brian Young , Fahy Katherine , Miller Emily , Diamond Ellie , Meraz Sonya , Singh Sonal , Nattiv Aurelia
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We evaluated the effect of a nutrition education intervention on bone stress injury (BSI) incidence among female distance runners at two NCAA Division I institutions.

Methods

Historical BSI rates were measured retrospectively (2010–2013); runners were then followed prospectively in pilot (2013–2016) and intervention (2016–2020) phases. The primary aim was to compare BSI rates in the historical and intervention phases. Pilot phase data are included only for descriptive purposes. The intervention comprised team nutrition presentations focused on optimising energy availability plus individualised nutrition sessions for runners with elevated Female Athlete Triad risk. Annual BSI rates were calculated using a generalised estimating equation Poisson regression model adjusted for age and institution. Post hoc analyses were stratified by institution and BSI type (trabecular-rich or cortical-rich).

Results

The historical phase included 56 runners and 90.2 person-years; the intervention phase included 78 runners and 137.3 person-years. Overall BSI rates were not reduced from the historical (0.52 events per person-year) to the intervention (0.43 events per person-year) phase. Post hoc analyses demonstrated trabecular-rich BSI rates dropped significantly from 0.18 to 0.10 events per person-year from the historical to intervention phase (p=0.047). There was a significant interaction between phase and institution (p=0.009). At Institution 1, the overall BSI rate dropped from 0.63 to 0.27 events per person-year from the historical to intervention phase (p=0.041), whereas no decline was observed at Institution 2.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a nutrition intervention emphasising energy availability may preferentially impact trabecular-rich BSI and depend on team environment, culture and resources.
Prevalence of elevated serum concentrations of biotin in patients from South East England, Korea, Singapore and Thailand and risk of immunoassay interference
Authors: Brady Sally , Bates Katharine , Oddy Susan , Jeon You La , Pichayayothin Tosapol , Tetteh Ruby , Voong Kieran , Harrington Dominic J
Published: May 2023

Biotin interference in immunoassays using biotin-streptavidin binding technology is well recognised by clinical laboratories, though the prevalence of elevated biotin in patient populations is largely unknown. We determined serum biotin concentrations in 4385 patient samples received sequentially by 6 laboratories for routine immunoassay analysis in England, and Korea, Singapore and Thailand (3 countries within the Asia Pacific region, APAC). Samples were initially analysed using a research use-only immunoassay, with those identified as having potentially elevated biotin concentrations referred for definitive analysis by LC-MS/MS. The prevalence of elevated serum biotin was 0.4% and 0.6% for England and APAC, respectively (range 10.0–129.0 µg/L). Our data adds to a report from a different region of England and is the first for APAC. Laboratories and clinicians benefit from an awareness of the prevalence of elevated serum biotin, which coupled with an understanding of the threshold at which interference occurs, reduces clinical impact of analytical error.
Aortic valve intervention rates in patients of different ethnicity with severe aortic stenosis in Leicestershire, UK
Authors: Aslam Saadia , Patsalides Michalis A , Stoma Svetlana , Alfuhied Aseel , Nelson Christopher P , Squire Iain B , Lawson Claire A , Khunti Kamlesh , McCann Gerry P , Singh Anvesha
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To explore the ethnic differences in patients undergoing aortic valve (AV) intervention for severe aortic stenosis (AS) in Leicestershire, UK.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of all surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at a single tertiary centre between April 2017 and March 2022, using local registry data.

Results

Of the 1231 SAVR and 815 TAVI performed, 6.5% and 3.7% were in ethnic minority patients, respectively. Based on the 2011 Census data for those with a Leicestershire postcode, crude cumulative rate of SAVR (n=489) was 0.64 per 1000 population overall and 0.69, 0.46 and 0.36 in White, Asian and Black populations, respectively; and 0.50 per 1000 population overall for TAVI (n=383), with 0.59, 0.16 and 0.06 for White, Asian and Black populations, respectively. Asians undergoing SAVR and TAVI were 5 and 3 years younger, respectively, than white patients with more comorbidities and a worse functional status.

The age-adjusted cumulative rates for SAVR were 0.62 vs 0.72 per 1000 population for White and Asian patients and 0.51 vs 0.39 for TAVI. Asians were less likely to undergo SAVR and TAVI than White patients, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.66 (0.50–0.87) and 0.27 (0.18–0.43), respectively, but the age-adjusted RR was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The crude rates of AV interventions are lower in Asian patients compared with the White population in Leicestershire, although age-adjusted rates were not statistically different. Further research to determine the sociodemographic differences in prevalence, incidence, mechanisms and treatment of AS across the UK is required.