bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aqueous two-phase extraction of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes with isomaltodextrin and thin-film transistor applications
Authors: Omachi Haruka , Komuro Tomohiko , Matsumoto Kaisei , Nakajima Minako , Watanabe Hikaru , Hirotani Jun , Ohno Yutaka , Shinohara Hisanori
Published: August 2019

Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are promising materials with potential applications in thin-film transistors (TFTs). However, separation techniques are required to obtain highly enriched s-SWCNTs since conventional as-grown SWCNTs are a mixture of 70% semiconducting and 30% metallic SWCNTs. Here, we developed a rapid single-step aqueous two-phase extraction of high-purity s-SWCNTs using isomaltodextrin, which is a cost-effective polysaccharide that contains a large amount of α-1,6-glucosidic linkages. We also succeeded in fabricating high-density uniform films directly from the high-purity s-SWCNT extract. Fabricated TFTs exhibited an excellent on/off ratio, carrier mobility, and on-current density.
Modeling tree diversity, stand structure and productivity of northern temperate coniferous forests of Mexico
Authors: Návar José
Published: August 2019

There is increasing evidence complex forest structure and tree diversity correlates positively with the productivity of forest ecosystems. However, there is little quantitative information regarding the effect of these factors on stand productivity of northern temperate coniferous forests of Mexico. This study aimed to test the hypothesis tree diversity and canopy structure positively associates with forest productivity. Parameterization of tree diversity, stand structure and productivity were carried out on dasometric data from 36 permanent sampling plots re-measured in 1982, 1993, and 2004. Statistical analysis of stand parameters tested the null hypothesis. Statistical relationships revealed well-balanced canopy strata and imbalanced diameter structures positively correlated with stand productivity. Tree diversity was also positively linked with stand productivity, but the effect appeared to be most important in the early to intermediate stages of succession. Further research is required to understand the long-term effects of tree diversity and canopy structure on stand productivity. These preliminary observations stress the importance of prescribing silvicultural practices that maintain the three-dimensional structure of stands and diversity of forest canopies that aim to preserve ecosystem function, diversity, and productivity.
Evaluation of CHROMagar ESBL and Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) for Screening of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Uropathogens in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Uyanga F. Z. , Ekundayo E. O. , Nwankwo E. O. , Inimfon A. I.
Published: August 2019

Background/Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CHROMagar ESBL in comparison with Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for the detection of ESBL producing uropathogens.

Methods: Six hundred and sixty urine samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal at General hospital Ikot Ekpene, Eket and Oron. Two hundred and fifty eight isolates were obtained while two hundred and thirty one isolates were ESBL producers. Microbact 24E(Oxoid, UK) was used in the identification of bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines using commercially available disc (Oxoid Ltd). Double disk synergy test was carried out on the isolates and inoculation was done using CHROMagar ESBL (France).

Results: The prevalence of ESBL 35% was recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of DDST was 88% and 89%, respectively. CHROMagar showed an increase in sensitivity and specificity at 48 h with 98% and 99.0%, respectively. 80% of the ESBL producing isolates were multi drugs resistant. The predominant bacterial pathogens were Enterobacter cloacae (23%), Proteus mirabilis (14%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (13.4%).The ESBL producing isolates showed maximum resistance against Ceftazidime (90%), Cefotaxime (91%), Azetronam (95%), Amikacin (68.2%) followed by ofloxacin (70%) while maximum sensitivity was seen for imipenem (90%) and Augumentin (80%). The study demonstrated that CHROMagar was superior and more sensitive than DDST.

Conclusion: CHROMagar ESBL seems to be the most reliable method among phenotypic methods for detection of ESBL in the absence of PCR.
Clustering in the Golgi apparatus governs sorting and function of GPI‐APs in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Lebreton Stéphanie , Paladino Simona , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: August 2019

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) are lipid APs attached to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) via a glycolipid anchor. GPI‐APs are commonly associated with cholesterol‐ and sphingolipid‐enriched membrane microdomains. These microdomains help regulating various biological activities, by segregating different proteins and lipids in (nanoscale) membrane compartments. In fibroblasts, GPI‐APs form actin‐ and cholesterol‐dependent nanoclusters directly at the PM. In contrast, in polarized epithelial cells GPI‐APs cluster in the Golgi apparatus, the major protein‐sorting hub for the secretory pathway. Golgi clustering is required for the selective sorting of GPI‐APs to the apical PM domain, but also regulates their organization and biological activities at the cell surface. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of GPI‐AP sorting to the apical membrane. We focus on the roles of the protein moiety and lipids in the regulation of the clustering of GPI‐APs in the Golgi apparatus.
Analysing openly recorded preinterview deliberations to detect deceit in collective interviews
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Jupe Louise Marie , Leal Sharon , Vernham Zarah , Nahari Galit
Published: August 2019

Sham marriages occur frequently, and to detect them, partners are sometimes interviewed together. We examined an innovative method to detect deceit in such interviews. Fifty‐three pairs of interviewees, either friends (truth tellers) or pretended to be friends (liars), were interviewed about their friendship. Just before the interview, they received the questions that would be asked in the interview and were invited to prepare the answers. We told them that these preinterview deliberations would be recorded. Based on the transcripts, we analysed cues to truthfulness (cues expected to be expressed more by truth tellers) and cues to deceit (cues expected to be expressed more by liars). Truth tellers and liars differed from each other, particularly regarding expressing cues to truthfulness. Preinterview deliberations that are recorded with awareness of the interviewees can be used for lie detection purposes. We discuss further venues in this new line of research.
A Chemical Photo‐Oxidation of 5‐Methyl Cytidines
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Yang , Wang Rui‐Li , Xie Li‐Jun , Kong De‐Long , Liu Li , Cheng Liang
Published: August 2019

A new approach for the oxidation of 5‐methyl cytidine modification in nucleic acids to 5‐formyl cytidine is reported. This method displays excellent chemo‐/bio‐ selectivity, from which the methyl group in cytidine nucleosides could be selectively oxidized to biologically important formyl functionality without interfering with other cellular biomolecules.

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Surgical Cleavage of Unstrained C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bonds in General Alcohols for Heteroaryl C−H Alkylation and Acylation
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Yang Le , Liu Shuai , Huang Lixia , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: August 2019

We reported herein a predictable and surgical cleavage of carbon‐carbon bond in alcohols. A wide range of 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols including sugars and steroids without ring strain or steric hindrance were all compatible with this system. Also it offered a green and practical strategy for generation of alkyl/acyl radicals using alcohols as the sources. Besides, the features of visible‐light‐initiation, catalyst and metal free, excellent selectivity and mild conditions make it valuable and attractive.

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Therapeutic Targeting of MZF1‐AS1/PARP1/E2F1 Axis Inhibits Proline Synthesis and Neuroblastoma Progression
Authors: Fang Erhu , Wang Xiaojing , Yang Feng , Hu Anpei , Wang Jianqun , Li Dan , Song Huajie , Hong Mei , Guo Yanhua , Liu Yang , Li Hongjun , Huang Kai , Zheng Liduan , Tong Qiangsong
Published: August 2019

Proline synthesis plays an important role in the metabolic reprogramming that contributes to tumor progression. However, the mechanisms regulating expression of proline synthetic genes in neuroblastoma (NB) remain elusive. Herein, through integrative screening of a public dataset and amino acid profiling analysis, myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) and MZF1 antisense RNA 1 (MZF1‐AS1) are identified as transcriptional regulators of proline synthesis and NB progression. Mechanistically, transcription factor MZF1 promotes the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1 and pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 1, while proline facilitates the aggressiveness of NB cells. In addition, MZF1‐AS1 binds poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to facilitate its interaction with E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), resulting in transactivation of E2F1 and upregulation of MZF1 and other oncogenic genes associated with tumor progression. Administration of a small peptide blocking MZF1‐AS1‐PARP1 interaction or lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA targeting MZF1‐AS1 suppresses the proline synthesis, tumorigenesis, and aggressiveness of NB cells. In clinical NB cases, high expression of MZF1‐AS1, PARP1, E2F1, or MZF1 is associated with poor survival of patients. These results indicate that therapeutic targeting of MZF1‐AS1/PARP1/E2F1 axis inhibits proline synthesis and NB progression.
HIST1H1E heterozygous protein‐truncating variants cause a recognizable syndrome with intellectual disability and distinctive facial gestalt: A study to clarify the HIST1H1E syndrome phenotype in 30 individuals
Authors: Burkardt Deepika D'Cunha , Zachariou Anna , Loveday Chey , Allen Clare L. , Amor David J. , Ardissone Anna , Banka Siddharth , Bourgois Alexia , Coubes Christine , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Faivre Laurence , Marion Gerard , Horton Rachel , Kotzot Dieter , Lay‐Son Guillermo , Lees Melissa , Low Karen , Luk Ho‐Ming , Mark Paul , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , McDonald Marie , Pappas John , Phillipe Christophe , Shears Deborah , Skotko Brian , Stewart Fiona , Stewart Helen , Temple I Karen. , Mau‐Them Frederic T. , Verdugo Ricardo A. , Weksberg Rosanna , Zarate Yuri A. , Graham John M. , Tatton‐Brown Katrina
Published: August 2019

Histone Gene Cluster 1 Member E, HIST1H1E, encodes Histone H1.4, is one of a family of epigenetic regulator genes, acts as a linker histone protein, and is responsible for higher order chromatin structure. HIST1H1E syndrome (also known as Rahman syndrome, OMIM #617537) is a recently described intellectual disability (ID) syndrome. Since the initial description of five unrelated individuals with three different heterozygous protein‐truncating variants (PTVs) in the HIST1H1E gene in 2017, we have recruited 30 patients, all with HIST1H1E PTVs that result in the same shift in frame and that cluster to a 94‐base pair region in the HIST1H1E carboxy terminal domain. The identification of 30 patients with HIST1H1E variants has allowed the clarification of the HIST1H1E syndrome phenotype. Major findings include an ID and a recognizable facial appearance. ID was reported in all patients and is most frequently of moderate severity. The facial gestalt consists of a high frontal hairline and full lower cheeks in early childhood and, in later childhood and adulthood, affected individuals have a strikingly high frontal hairline, frontal bossing, and deep‐set eyes. Other associated clinical features include hypothyroidism, abnormal dentition, behavioral issues, cryptorchidism, skeletal anomalies, and cardiac anomalies. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently abnormal with a slender corpus callosum a frequent finding.
Coffin–Lowry syndrome in Chinese
Authors: Fung Jasmine L. F. , Rethanavelu Kavitha , Luk Ho‐ming , Ho Matthew S. P. , Lo Ivan F. M. , Chung Brian H. Y.
Published: August 2019

Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a well‐described syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, growth retardation, recognizable dysmorphic features, and skeletal changes. It is an X‐linked syndrome where males are more severely affected and females have high variability in clinical presentations. This case series reports nine molecularly confirmed Chinese CLS patients from six unrelated families (three with familial variants and three with de novo variants). There is a wide genotypic spectrum with five novel variants in RPS6KA3 gene. Clinical phenotype and facial features of these Chinese CLS patients are comparable to what has been described in other ethnicities.
A Pyridine–Pyridine Cross‐Coupling Reaction via Dearomatized Radical Intermediates
Authors: Koniarczyk J. Luke , Greenwood Jacob W. , Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Paton Robert S. , McNally Andrew
Published: August 2019

A pyridine–pyridine coupling reaction has been developed between pyridyl phosphonium salts and cyanopyridines using B2pin2 as an electron‐transfer reagent. Complete regio‐ and cross‐selectivity are observed when forming a range of valuable 2,4′‐bipyridines. Phosphonium salts were found to be the only viable radical precursors in this process, and mechanistic studies indicate that the process does not proceed through a Minisci‐type coupling involving a pyridyl radical. Instead, a radical–radical coupling process between a boryl phosphonium pyridyl radical and a boryl‐stabilized cyanopyridine radical explains the C−C bond‐forming step.
An Ultrastable Matryoshka [Hf13] Nanocluster as a Luminescent Sensor for Concentrated Alkali and Acid
Authors: Kang Xiao‐Min , Hu Han‐Shi , Wu Zhi‐Lei , Wang Jia‐Qi , Cheng Peng , Li Jun , Zhao Bin
Published: August 2019

Stable metal clusters that can resist both highly concentrated acid and alkali are unknown. Herein, we present a discrete neutral cluster, Hf13(μ4‐O)8(OCH3)36 (1), which features extraordinary chemical stability by preserving its crystalline state in concentrated aqueous solutions of both acid (10 m HNO3) and alkali (20 m boiling NaOH). Importantly, 1 can serve as a luminescent probe for detecting both concentrated alkali (20 m NaOH) and strong acid (1 m HNO3) with high selectivity and repeatability. DFT studies of the electronic structure and bonding revealed that 1 has an extremely large HOMO–LUMO gap due to strong d π–p π bonding that accounts for the ultrahigh stability.
Zurückziehung: Quantitative Synthesis of Temperature‐responsive Polymersomes by Multiblock Polymerization
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Zhou Dongxu , Feng Yunbo , Gou Jing , Li Chenxi , He Chao , Zhao Weifeng , Sun Shudong , Zhao Changsheng , Appelhans Dietmar , Voit Brigitte
Published: August 2019

This Communication, published online on 14 August 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn by agreement between the corresponding authors, the journal's Executive Committee, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The withdrawal has been agreed upon following the explanation by the authors that problems with a microscopy image presented in Figure 4 of the article cannot be fully clarified.
Voltage‐Switchable HCl Transport Enabled by Lipid Headgroup–Transporter Interactions
Authors: Wu Xin , Small Jennifer R. , Cataldo Alessio , Withecombe Anne M. , Turner Peter , Gale Philip A.
Published: August 2019

Synthetic anion transporters that facilitate transmembrane H+/Cl− symport (cotransport) have anti‐cancer potential due to their ability to neutralize pH gradients and inhibit autophagy in cells. However, compared to the natural product prodigiosin, synthetic anion transporters have low‐to‐modest H+/Cl− symport activity and their mechanism of action remains less well understood. We report a chloride‐selective tetraurea macrocycle that has a record‐high H+/Cl− symport activity similar to that of prodigiosin and most importantly demonstrates unprecedented voltage‐switchable transport properties that are linked to the lack of uniport activity. By studying the anion binding affinity and transport mechanisms of four other anion transporters, we show that the lack of uniport and voltage‐dependent H+/Cl− symport originate from strong binding to phospholipid headgroups that hampers the diffusion of the free transporters through the membrane, leading to an unusual H+/Cl− symport mechanism that involves only charged species. Our work provides important mechanistic insights into different classes of anion transporters and a new approach to achieve voltage‐switchability in artificial membrane transport systems.
Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anode Interface via Molecular Layer Deposition Zircone Coatings for Long Life Next‐Generation Battery Systems
Authors: Adair Keegan R. , Zhao Changtai , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Zhao Yang , Li Ruying , Cai Mei , Sun Xueliang
Published: August 2019

Herein, molecular layer deposition is used to form a nanoscale “zircone” protective layer on Li metal to achieve stable and long life Li metal anodes. The zircone‐coated Li metal shows enhanced air stability, electrochemical performance and high rate capability in symmetrical cell testing. Moreover, as a proof of concept, the protected Li anode is used in a next‐generation Li‐O2 battery system and is shown to extend the lifetime by over 10‐fold compared to the batteries with untreated Li metal. Furthermore, in‐situ synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is used for the first time to study an artificial SEI on Li metal, revealing the electrochemical stability and lithiation of the zircone film. This work exemplifies significant progress towards the development and understanding of MLD thin films for high performance next‐generation batteries.
Rheological study of quaternary ammonium‐containing star‐shaped polylactic acid
Authors: Belkhir Kedafi , Majesté Jean‐Charles , Jegat Corinne , Taha Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Quaternary ammonium‐containing star‐shaped polylactic acid (PLA‐Q) is analyzed in melt rheology and found to follow a clustering behavior. The viscosity of this polymer is largely higher than its analog, of the same structure, without ammonium ions. This difference is attributed to physical interactions taking place between the ammoniums and hindering the flow of the melt polymer. The frequency sweeps of the storage (G′) and loss (G′′) modulus of the melt PLA‐Q are achieved at different temperatures and different shearing times. The iso‐temperature and iso‐time superposition of the resulting curves were achieved using, respectively, a temperature and a time shift factors, this superposition allowed the determination of the flow activation energy; its value corresponds to an ionic process confirming the ionic interactions. When the two shift factors are used simultaneously, a unique master curve of both G′ and G′′ is obtained; this curve follows the Rouse model indicating the presence of two types of ionic associations within the melt polymer: a large number of multiplets having small size and a small number of clusters of larger size. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48337.
Highly branched phenolic resin‐grafted silicone rubber copolymer for high efficiency ablation thermal protection coating
Authors: Li Boqian , He Chen , Cao Min , Ren Ying , Wang Junshan , Lu Wu
Published: August 2019

Highly branched phenolic resin‐grafted silicone rubber (PGS) was synthesized by grafting allyl ether phenolic resin onto silicone rubber with Si─H groups via hydrosilylation. The chemical structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography, and its microphase morphology was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material were also characterized. Thereafter, an ablation thermal protection coating (ATPC) based on PGS as the polymer matrix was prepared. In comparison with silicone rubber‐based ATPC, the PGS‐based ATPC showed better thermal stability and a stronger char layer. After oxygen–acetylene testing, the micromorphology and chemical composition of the PGS‐based ATPC were characterized via SEM, energy‐dispersive spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. Finally, the PGS‐ and silicone rubber‐based ATPCs were subjected to a heat flow of 370 kW m−2 for 70 s, the background temperature of the PGS‐based ATPC was only 70 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48353.
Preparation of high‐performance reverse osmosis membrane by zwitterionic polymer coating in a facile one‐step way
Authors: Xia Yu , Dai Xiaojun , Gai Jing‐Gang
Published: August 2019

Aiming at preparing high‐performance polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in a facile and high effective way, the codeposition strategy of dopamine and zwitterionic polymer was first applied to modify PA RO membrane. The noncovalent bonds between dopamine and Poly [2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PSPE) act to fix PSPE onto the membrane surface and simultaneously destroy the interaction force between dopamine aggregations so that the modified layer could equably form on the PA layer. PSPE significantly improved the hydrophilicity [the water contact angle (WCA) of S‐D‐3 is 25.3°] of the modified membrane. And, the smoother surface was noticed on the modified membrane. All of these endow the PSPE/dopamine modified membrane superb water flux (the maximum water flux is 51.86 L m−1 h−1 at 1.6 MPa and 25 °C) and impressive antifouling and anti‐adhesion properties to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (protein), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant), and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) with salt retention was well maintained. Notably, in the BSA fouling test, nearly 100% of the flux recovery ratio was achieved. This method is promising to be employed in industrial scale‐up production. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48355.
Quantification and elucidation of the UV‐light triggered initiation kinetics of TPO and BAPO in liquid acrylate monomer
Authors: Ruhland Klaus , Habibollahi Fereshteh , Horny Robert
Published: August 2019

The initiation kinetics of two important UV‐light‐triggered initiators for the radical polymerization [diphenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethyl benzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) and phenyl‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethyl benzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO)] has been quantified in dependence on the initiator concentration (0.25–2 mol %), the light intensity at 365 nm (0–2000 mW cm−2), the thickness of the sample (50–200 μm), the temperature (25–80 °C), the monomer [2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA) and 2‐ethyl hexyl methacrylate (EHMA)] and the atmosphere (oxygen free and air) directly in the liquid acrylate monomer. The determination of the kinetic parameters was done by applying two independent procedures: (1) following the initiator decay with respect to the irradiation time, evaluated by radiometric measurements of the UV‐light absorption at 365 nm and (2) via titration of the initiation process by using defined under‐stoichiometric to stoichiometric amounts of TEMPO as inhibitor, evaluated by means of FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy. The validity of the titration procedure was proven by means of 13C and 31P NMR studies of 13C‐labeled TPO and was explained by a Lewis acid/base interaction between the carbonyl carbon of the initiator and the oxygen of TEMPO. Both methods resulted in very close kinetic parameters. Thus, reliable values for the extinction coefficients ε365 at 365 nm, for the effective rate constants of the α cleavage (containing the quantum yield and the initiator efficiency) when dissolved in the liquid monomer could be provided for both initiators for the first time. The effect of dioxygen quenching in dependence of sample thickness and the temperature dependence on the initiation step were evaluated. EHA was compared with EHMA as liquid monomer, and a yet unmentioned inhibition in case of EHMA was discovered. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48357.
NIR‐shielding films based on PEDOT‐PSS/polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane hybrid
Authors: Tsukada Satoru , Nakanishi Yuki , Kai Hiroyuki , Ishimoto Takayoshi , Okada Kenta , Adachi Yohei , Imae Ichiro , Ohshita Joji
Published: August 2019

Near‐infrared (NIR)‐shielding films based on polysiloxane or polysilsesquioxanes and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT‐PSS) were synthesized via a sol–gel reaction. Phase‐separated mixtures of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) or methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) with an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT‐PSS formed deep‐blue homogeneously dispersed sols after stirring. Thin films were prepared by depositing the resulting homogeneously dispersed sols on a glass substrate by spin coating and heating. PEDOT‐PSS/TEOS films maintained uniform flat surfaces after 10 coatings. MTES‐based films exhibited mottled patterns with nonuniform surfaces. The 10‐layer TEOS‐based film has high NIR‐shielding properties with moderately visible transmittance. NIR absorption by the PEDOT‐PSS/TEOS hybrid suppresses air temperature elevation. The five‐layer TEOS‐based film showed similar NIR‐shielding ability and slightly lower visible light transmittance compared with tin‐doped indium oxide glass. The 10‐layer TEOS‐based film exhibited a 15.6% lower temperature rise than the uncoated glass substrate. Specifically, this is an environmentally friendly NIR‐shielding material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48367.
Recycling by injection and chrome plating of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene parts pickled in hydrochloric and nitric acids
Authors: Kurek Ana Paula , Ranzan Taise , Cardoso Isabel Narloch , Dotto Marta Elisa Rosso , Balzer Palova Santos , Sellin Noeli
Published: August 2019

Chrome‐plated acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene(ABS) parts with defects in the metal layer were submitted to pickling with hydrochloric and nitric acids and recycled by injection in different proportions with neat ABS. For comparison, samples with neat ABS (ABSn) and ABS submitted to pickling (ABSp) were also injected. The influence of the pickled material on the samples properties was evaluated by chemical, thermal, and mechanical analysis. The injected samples were chrome by conventional process and evaluated by visual inspection, adhesion test, resistance to corrosion, and accelerated aging test, to evaluate the quality of the chrome finish. A gradual darkening of samples and formation of carbonyl groups with the increase in the pickled ABS concentration and little influence on the melt flow index were observed. The samples exhibited one thermal degradation stage similar to ABSn. The increase in the pickled ABS percentage caused a slight increase in glass‐transition temperature of polybutadiene phase, and did not influence the tensile properties and hardness of samples, but decreased the impact resistance. After chrome plating, all samples were approved for visual inspection and metal layer adhesion test. Only the sample injected with pickled ABS was reproved in corrosion test, due to the oxidation of the chrome layer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48372.
Branched poly(biphenylene‐co‐sulfone)ether ion exchange membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane groups for fuel cell applications
Authors: Moon Su‐Young , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , Chang Bong‐Jun
Published: August 2019

A series of branched poly(biphenylene‐co‐sulfone) ion exchange membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane groups were prepared for fuel cells. Two bifunctional trifluorovinyloxy‐terminated monomers (sulfonable 4,4′‐bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl and insulfonable 4,4′‐sulfonyl‐bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl) and a trifunctional trifluorovinyloxy‐terminated branching agent (1,1,1‐tris(4′‐trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)ethane) were synthesized and terpolymerized via thermal [2π + 2π] cyclodimerization to obtain partially fluorinated and branched polymers containing 0–5 mol% of the branching agent. They were then postsulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid at room temperature, cast as membranes, and characterized to evaluate their electrochemical properties for fuel cell applications. As the branching agent content was increased, their polydispersity values highly increased, indicating they became highly branched. It was confirmed that higher branching agent content also increased the ion exchange capacity, water uptake, and proton conductivity of the branched ion exchange membranes containing perfluorocyclobutane groups. This indicates that their electrochemical properties can be easily controlled by the degree of branching. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48373.
Ginsenoside Rg1‐modified PHBV fibrous scaffold reduces interleukin‐1 beta‐induced dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Zhong Risheng , Zhou Zheng , Liu Hairong , Dai Yao , Hu Yibing
Published: August 2019

Inflammatory environment in the end‐stage osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage defects greatly limits the effectiveness of engineered cartilage. It is critical that developing scaffolds intend to be applied in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) under this pathological condition. In this study, poly(3‐hydroxybutyric acid‐137‐3‐hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) fibrous scaffolds modified by ginsenoside Rg1 could be able to alleviate the dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes caused by interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), a key inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of OA. Followed by 5‐day incubation with culture media containing IL‐1β, articular chondrocytes cultured with ginsenoside Rg1‐modified PHBV fibrous scaffolds (PHBV‐g‐Rg1) displayed typical chondrocytic morphology compared with those cultured with PHBV fibrous scaffolds. By employing real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, it demonstrated that PHBV‐g‐Rg1 fibrous scaffold reduced IL‐1β‐caused dedifferentiation to articular chondrocytes via enhancing the transcription of chondrocytic phenotype‐related genes and reducing the transcription of matrix degradation‐related genes. It suggests that ginsenoside Rg1‐modified PHBV fibrous scaffold would be potentially applied in CTE to treat cartilage defects under IL‐1β threat. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48378.
Controlled stimulation‐burst targeted release by pH‐sensitive HPMCAS/theophylline composite nanofibers fabricated through electrospinning
Authors: Liu Mengzhu , Wang Xin , Wang Yongpeng , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: August 2019

HPMCAS/theophylline composite nanofibers, which displayed a significant pH‐responsive behavior, were successfully fabricated through electrospinning. SEM observations demonstrated that the nanofibers were linear with a smooth and unordered structure. Mean diameter of the composite nanofibers increased with the content of drug. FT‐IR spectra confirmed that theophylline was successfully loading into HPMCAS nanofibers. XRD, DSC, and TGA verified that theophylline blended with HPMCAS in a physical level and had retained its crystalline state in the composite nanofibers, which further demonstrated that the drug efficacy did not destroy in the electrospinning process. Drug loading testing showed that drug loading percent and encapsulation efficiency increased with the content of drug, except the 4% drug content sample, which was confirmed to be decided by the beaded morphology. Furthermore, the in vitro drug release studies revealed that the composite nanofibers particularly showed rapid theophylline release at weak alkaline pH environment and exhibited a burst release in the first hour followed by a decreased tendency. However, the release ratio was still at a high level after 12 h. The release process can be helpful to the urgent sudden disease, meanwhile to reduce the suffering of patients and the required frequency of drug administration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48383.
Core‐crosslinking as a pathway to develop inherently antibacterial polymeric micelles
Authors: Kadayifci Melike Seyma , Gokkaya Damla , Topuzogullari Murat , Isoglu Sevil Dincer , Atabey Tugba , Arasoglu Tulin , Ozmen Mehmet Murat
Published: August 2019

Positively charged polymeric materials have been an alternative to combat bacteria as they exhibit inherently antibacterial potency via bacteria membrane disruption. In this study, we report facile preparation of positively charged core‐crosslinked polymeric micelles with inherent antibacterial properties. Spherical micelles were prepared by self‐assembling of poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐(oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) copolymer in aqueous solution. Herein, quaternization reaction was utilized for the first time to core crosslink the micelles through the pyridine rings utilizing their hydrophobic core and thus resulting positively charged nanostructures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results identified that the micelles have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 114 nm with a polydispersity index ranging between 0.105 and 0.114. The electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) measurements demonstrated that the micelles have zeta potential values ranging from +38 to +63 mV. It was evident from both ELS and DLS results that the micelles in solution exhibit long‐term stability as the samples were able to maintain their size and charge even after a year of storage. Further, the micelles exhibited inherently antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and furthermore, this antibacterial efficacy was sustained over a period of 1 year. These stable core‐crosslinked micelles are proposed to have great potential as antibacterial materials for long‐term applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48393.
Detecting exchange networks in New Britain, Papua New Guinea: geochemical comparisons between axe‐adze blades and in situ volcanic rock sources
Authors: PENGILLEY ALANA , BRAND CHRISTABEL , FLEXNER JAMES , SPECHT JIM , TORRENCE ROBIN
Published: August 2019

Compared to elsewhere in Oceania, the history and character of stone axe‐adze production and exchange in the Bismarck Archipelago is very poorly known. To explore the feasibility of using geochemical analysis to trace past social interaction, we conducted a non‐destructive portable XRF study of 97 ground stone artefacts from archaeological contexts in New Britain and the ethnographic collection at the Australian Museum. The study capitalised on the well‐documented spatial distribution of geochemical variation resulting from the plate‐tectonic history of the region. The results indicate that prehistoric communities in New Britain specialised in goods such as ground stone tools or obsidian in order to facilitate social interaction over a large region.
Genetic Deficiency of Interferon‐γ Reveals Interferon‐γ–Independent Manifestations of Murine Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Burn Thomas N. , Weaver Lehn , Rood Julia E. , Chu Niansheng , Bodansky Aaron , Kreiger Portia A. , Behrens Edward M.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a complex cytokine storm syndrome caused by genetic abnormalities rendering CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells incapable of cytolytic killing. In murine models of FHLH, interferon‐γ (IFNγ) produced by CD8+ T cells has been identified as a critical mediator of disease, and an IFNγ‐blocking antibody (emapalumab) has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients who are genetically unresponsive to IFNγ questions the absolute necessity of IFNγ in driving disease. This study was undertaken to determine the necessity of IFNγ in driving HLH.

Methods

IFNγ−/−Prf1−/− mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and HLH immunopathologic features, including survival, weight loss, cytopenias, cytokine profiles, and immune cell phenotypes, were assessed. Mixed bone marrow chimeras were created to determine the immune cell–intrinsic role of IFNγ receptor signaling. CD8+ T cell depletion and interleukin‐33 (IL‐33)/ST2 blockade were performed using monoclonal antibodies.

Results

LCMV infection of IFNγ−/−Prf1−/− mice resulted in severe HLH‐like disease. CD8+ T cells and the IL‐33/ST2 axis remained essential mediators of disease; however, IFNγ‐independent HLH immunopathology correlated with a 10–15‐fold increase in neutrophilia (P < 0.001) and an altered cytokine milieu dominated by IL‐6, IL‐1β, and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IFNγ regulated CD8+ T cell expression of GM‐CSF and neutrophil survival.

Conclusion

IFNγ is not necessary for the development of fulminant HLH, requiring physicians to consider case‐by‐case treatment strategies. Use of therapies that target upstream activators of CD8+ T cells, such as IL‐33/ST2 signaling, may be more universally applicable treatment options that ameliorate both IFNγ‐dependent and ‐independent manifestations of HLH/MAS.
Intrinsic Emission from Nanographenes
Authors: Yamato Kairi , Sekiya Ryo , Nishitani Shohei , Haino Takeharu
Published: August 2019

Top‐down approaches have been widely used as convenient methods for the production of nanographenes. To understand the photoemission properties of nanographenes, their separation and the optical properties of the individual fractions is important. By using a combination of size‐exclusion and silica‐gel‐adsorption chromatography, we separated lipophilic nanographenes that contained para‐methoxybenzyl groups. The mixture consisted of large (average 19.8 nm) and small (average 4.9 nm) nanographenes, whilst unreacted carboxy groups remained in the latter group. Optical measurements revealed that oxygen‐containing functional groups had little influence on the photoemission of the nanographenes, thus indicating that the intrinsic emission, that is, emission from the sp2 surfaces, was responsible for the photoemission. Two photoemission bands were observed for all of the fractions, which likely originated from the edge and inner parts of nanographene.
Conformational Effects of [Ni2(μ‐ArS)2] Cores on Their Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Mondragón‐Díaz Alexander , Robles‐Marín Elvis , Murueta‐Cruz Brenda A. , Aquite Juan C. , Martínez‐Alanis Paulina R. , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Aullón Gabriel , Benítez Luis Norberto , Castillo Ivan
Published: August 2019

Two nickel complexes supported by tridentate NS2 ligands, [Ni2(κ‐N,S,S,S′‐NPh{CH2(MeC6H2R′)S}2)2] (1; R′=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3) and [Ni2(κ‐N,S,S,S′‐NiBu{CH2C6H4S}2)2] (2), were prepared as bioinspired models of the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenases. The solid‐state structure of 1 reveals that the [Ni2(μ‐ArS)2] core is bent, with the planes of the nickel centers at a hinge angle of 81.3(5)°, whereas 2 shows a coplanar arrangement between both nickel(II) ions in the dimeric structure. Complex 1 electrocatalyzes proton reduction from CF3COOH at −1.93 (overpotential of 1.04 V, with icat/ip≈21.8) and −1.47 V (overpotential of 580 mV, with icat/ip≈5.9) versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. The electrochemical behavior of 1 relative to that of 2 may be related to the bent [Ni2(μ‐ArS)2] core, which allows proximity of the two Ni⋅⋅⋅Ni centers at 2.730(8) Å; thus possibly favoring H+ reduction. In contrast, the planar [Ni2(μ‐ArS)2] core of 2 results in a Ni⋅⋅⋅Ni distance of 3.364(4) Å and is unstable in the presence of acid.
Maternal Obesity/Diabetes, Plasma Branched‐Chain Amino Acids, and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Urban Low‐Income Children: Evidence of Sex Difference
Authors: Panjwani Anita A. , Ji Yuelong , Fahey Jed W. , Palmer Amanda , Wang Guoying , Hong Xiumei , Zuckerman Barry , Wang Xiaobin
Published: August 2019

Maternal metabolic conditions are known risk factors for child autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also associated with ASD. We examined the joint associations of maternal metabolic conditions and BCAAs on the risk of child ASD and whether the associations differed by child's sex. We analyzed 789 mother–infant pairs, a subset of the Boston Birth Cohort, from a predominantly urban, low‐income, minority population. Maternal plasma BCAAs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in samples collected 24–72 hr postpartum. A composite BCAA score was created using factor analysis, and prepregnancy obesity and diabetes (ob/DM) were combined into one variable. Logistic regression was used to explore the role of BCAAs as mediators or cofactors with ob/DM and child's sex on ASD risk. BCAA‐ob/DM and BCAA‐sex interactions were also examined. Maternal BCAAs alone were not associated with ASD and did not mediate the path between ob/DM and ASD. In the presence of maternal ob/DM, BCAA score was significantly associated with ASD (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.18, 4.60). Interactions were present for valine with ob/DM and for valine and isoleucine with male sex on ASD risk. The odds ratio (OR) for risk of ASD was the greatest with all three risk factors combined—male sex, above median BCAA score, and ob/DM (OR 10.79, 95% CI 4.40, 26.42). Similar patterns were found for other developmental disorders, though not as strong as for ASD. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the role of maternal BCAAs, ob/DM, and child's sex in ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1562–1573. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study investigated whether maternal obesity/diabetes and maternal circulating branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) can jointly affect child ASD risk and whether the associations differ by child's sex. We found that the risk of ASD was greater among mothers with obesity/diabetes who also had elevated concentrations of BCAAs and that this risk was even greater for male children. These findings provide new evidence on fetal origins of ASD and sex difference and warrant additional investigation.
Time patterns of recurrence and second primary tumors in a large cohort of patients treated for oral cavity cancer
Authors: Brands Maria T. , Smeekens Elisabeth A. J. , Takes Robert P. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Verbeek Andre L. M. , Merkx Matthias A. W. , Geurts Sandra M. E.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Routine follow‐up after curative treatment of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is common practice considering the high risk of second primaries and recurrences (ie second events). Current guidelines advocate a follow‐up period of at least 5 years. The recommendations are not evidence‐based and benefits are unclear. This is even more so for follow‐up after a second event. To facilitate the development of an evidence‐ and personalized follow‐up program for OSCC, we investigated the course of time until the second and subsequent events and studied the risk factors related to these events.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively studied 594 OSCC patients treated with curative intent at the Head and Neck Cancer Unit of the Radboud University Medical Centre from 2000 to 2012. Risk of recurrence was calculated addressing death from intercurrent diseases as competing event.

Results

The 1‐, 5‐ and 10‐year cumulative risks of a second event were 17% (95% CI:14%;20%), 30% (95% CI:26%;33%), and 37% (95% CI:32%;41%). Almost all locoregional recurrences occurred in the first 2 years after treatment. The incidence of second primary tumors was relatively stable over the years. The time pattern of presentation of third events was similar.

Discussion

Our findings support a follow‐up time of 2 years after curative treatment for OSCC. Based on the risk of recurrence there is no indication for a different follow‐up protocol after first and second events. After 2 years, follow‐up should be tailored to the individual needs of patients for supportive care, and monitoring of late side‐effects of treatment.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of Novel Derivatives Based on para‐Coumaric Acid Containing Isobornyl Groups
Authors: Buravlev Evgeny V. , Dvornikova Irina A. , Schevchenko Oksana G. , Kutchin Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2019

A series of novel esters and amides was synthesized on the basis of para‐coumaric acid containing isobornyl groups in ortho‐positions relative to the phenolic hydroxy group. Antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds were evaluated and compared on in vitro models: radical‐scavenging ability, antioxidant activity on a substrate containing the lipids of animal brain, cytotoxicity of red blood cells, antioxidant and membrane‐protective properties on the model of oxidative red blood cells hemolysis. Statistically significant relationship was established between the antioxidant activity of the studied compounds in model system containing animal lipids and the parameters reflecting their antioxidant properties on the model of H2O2‐induced hemolysis of red blood cells. It was determined that an amide with a morpholine fragment has the highest antioxidant activity. The specified derivative significantly surpassed the reference substances (parent acid, BHT) and was not inferior to the effective antioxidant 2,6‐diisobornyl‐4‐methylphenol in terms of its properties.
Comparison between functional and intravascular imaging approaches guiding percutaneous coronary intervention: A network meta‐analysis of randomized and propensity matching studies
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , Abdirashid Mohamed , Annone Umberto , Saint‐Hilary Gaëlle , Meier Pascal , Chieffo Alaide , Chen Sl , di Mario Carlo , Conrotto Federico , Omedè Pierluigi , Montefusco Antonio , De Benedictis Michele , Rettegno Sara , Doronzo Baldassare , Gasparini Mauro , Rinaldi Mauro , D'Amico Maurizio , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio
Published: August 2019

Background

The optimal approach to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to compare functional driven (fractional flow reserve) versus intravascular imaging (intravascular ultrasound, IVUS, and/or optical coherence tomography, OCT) versus standard (coronary angiography only, CA)‐guided PCI.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score weight‐matched studies (PSWMs) comparing FFR versus IVUS versus OCT versus CA‐guided PCI were included. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; a composite end point of death or myocardial infarction [MI] or revascularization) was the primary endpoint, whereas definite stent thrombosis (ST) and single components of MACE were the secondary ones. Primary analyses were performed including only RCTs, secondary also with PSWMs.

Results

Thirty‐three studies were included in the analysis, 16 RCTs and 17 PSWMs. After 2 (1–3) years, IVUS performed better for MACE than CA (odds ratio [OR] 0.75 0.52–0.88), whereas there was just a trend for FFR (OR 0.81, 0.64–1.02). These results were mainly driven by reduced risk of all cause death, MI (FFR OR 0.74:0.57–0.99 and IVUS OR 0.82:0.54–0.94) and revascularization. IVUS reduced ST while FFR did not, and at meta‐regression analysis, there was a trend for superiority of IVUS versus FFR to reduce subsequent MI in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The present results were consistent also after adding studies with PSWMs.

Conclusions

Functional and intravascular imaging approaches seem to perform similarly in term of clinical outcomes, while both performed better compared with the standard approach. Imaging showed a potential benefit for ACS patients. The present results stress the need for a wider use of functional or imaging driven PCI.
Fluorescent light energy: A new therapeutic approach to effectively treating acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Koceva Ikonija , Rümmelein Bettina , Gerber Peter Arne , Edge Deirdre , Nielsen Michael Canova Engelbrecht
Published: August 2019

The Kleresca® biophotonic platform utilizing fluorescent light energy (FLE) effectively treated both acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa. FLE decreased the presence of inflammatory nodules, cysts, and associated erythema. It also supported a healing response to improve skin texture. FLE offers a new treatment approach to recalcitrant inflammatory skin conditions.