bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing unplanned readmission within 30 days in patients with heart failure and their predictive value: a prospective study
Authors: Cui Lingling , Wei Xiaolei , Liang Tao , Yan Rui , Du Minyu , Alimire Tusiyiti , Huang Yuyang , Wang Hua
Published: September 2024

Background Heart failure imposes a significant healthcare burden, with early unplanned readmissions post-discharge linked to poor outcomes. Identifying risk factors and their predictive value is crucial for targeted interventions.
Objective To explore factors influencing 30-day unplanned readmission in heart failure and their predictive value.
Methods A prospective study of heart failure patients hospitalized in Beijing Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024. Patients were assessed for nutritional status using Mini-Nutritional Assessment Scale Short Version (MNA-SF), frailty using Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI) calculation. Multifactorial COX regression analyse was conducted, and ROC curves plotted for predictive modeling.
Results A total of 121 heart failure patients (60.3% males), aged (69.87±11.9) years were included. Within 30 days-median follow-up duration, 25 (20.7%) patients with readmission. COX regression analysis stratified by gender showed that age, regular smoking, nutritional status, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), GFI, and ASMI were independent influences on readmission within 30 days in patients with heart failure (P<0.050). ROC curve analysis showed that age, BNP, ASMI, smoking status, LVEF, nutritional status, and GFI individually as well as in combination predicted readmission within 30 days in patients with heart failure; the joint model performed optimally, with an AUC value reaching 0.877 (95%CI 0.801~0.952, P<0.001), corresponded to a sensitivity of 0.920 and a specificity of 0.729.
Conclusion A multifactorial approach including age, BNP, ASMI, smoking status, LVEF, nutritional status, and GFI predicts 30-day readmission risk, offering a basis for clinical intervention strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Endothelial -targeted CD39 is protective in a mouse model of global forebrain ischaemia
Authors: Lee Natasha Ting , Savvidou Ioanna , Selan Carly , Wright David K , Brkljaca Robert , Chia Joanne SJ , Calvello Ilaria , Robson Simon C. , Nandurkar Harshal H , Sashindranath Maithili
Published: September 2024

Global ischemic brain injury occurs after cardiac arrest or prolonged hypotensive episodes following surgery or trauma. It causes significant neurological deficits even after successful re-establishment of blood flow. It is the primary cause of death in 68% of inpatient and 23% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases, but there are currently no treatments. Endothelial activation and dysfunction impairing small vessel blood flow is the cause of brain damage. Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway, where CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine. After ischemia, eATP is released, triggering thrombosis and inflammation. In contrast, adenosine is anti-thrombotic, protects against oxidative stress, and suppresses the immune response. Our group developed a bifunctional compound – anti-VCAM-CD39 that targets dysregulated endothelium and promotes adenosine generation at the infarct site, localising antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CD39. We investigated whether anti-VCAM-CD39 could improve outcome in a murine model of global ischaemia caused by dual carotid artery ligation (DCAL). Test drugs anti-VCAM-CD39 and controls were given 3h after 30min ischaemia. Assessments at 24h included neurological function, infarct volume, perfusion, albumin extravasation to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We showed that there was an overall improvement in neurological deficit in αVCAM-CD39-treated mice after DCAL. MRI revealed that these mice had significantly smaller infarcts and reduced apoptotic activity on the side of permanent occlusion, compared to saline treated mice. There was reduced albumin extravasation in treated mice after DCAL, suggesting anti-VCAM-CD39 conferred neuroprotection in the brain through preservation of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. In vitro findings confirmed that αVCAM-CD39-mediated adenosine protected against hypoxia-induced endothelial cell death. anti-VCAM-CD39 is a novel therapeutic that can promote neuroprotection, reduce tissue damage and inflammation in the brain after hypoxic brain injury in mice. These findings suggest that anti-VCAM-CD39 could be a new avenue of cardiac arrest therapy and could potentially be used in other cerebrovascular diseases where endothelial dysfunction is a constant underlying pathology.
Identification of mutation-independent BRCA2 protein deficiency expands diagnostics and selection of pancreatic cancer patients for personalized therapy with PARP1 inhibitors
Authors: Chroscicki Piotr , Samsel Radoslaw , Stepnik Dawid , Roszkowska-Purska Katarzyna , Tybuchowska Anna-Maria , Swatler Julian , Brewinska-Olchowik Marta , Wiech Milena , Jakubowicz Kamil , Franke Jakub , Jazdzewski Krystian , Cichocki Andrzej , Skorski Tomasz , Piwocka Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Background: Recently, therapies involving poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP1) inhibitors have been approved for metastatic BRCA1/2-mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The current scheme of identification of patients with BRCA deficiency relies on genetic screening. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pancreatic tumors have a broader spectrum of BRCAness than can be identified solely by gene mutations. We focused on BRCA2 deficiency, which is predominant in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods: Pancreatic cancer cell lines (wt or BRCA2mutated) were used to set up a protocol to verify antibody specificity and detect BRCA2 protein levels by flow cytometry.Post-surgery pancreatic tumor samples were assessed by spectral cytometry with unsupervised analysis to identify BRCA2-deficient clusters together with the expression of stemness and metastasis markers. Personalized tumor signatures specified BRCAness phenotype and cancer state to increase the accuracy of selection for therapy with PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis). In parallel, BRCA2 mutations were identified by NGS analysis.
Results: We developed a cytometric panel to assess BRCA2 levels associated with sensitivity to PARPis (olaparib and talazoparib). Analysis of BRCA2 protein levels in patients’ samples showed high diversity. Unsupervised cluster analysis identified BRCA2-deficient clusters, together with metastasis and stemness markers, which indicated advanced tumors with dismal prognoses. Cluster composition confirmed the high heterogeneity of pancreatic tumors. In parallel, NGS did not recognize the BRCA2/1 mutations in any of the analyzed tumors. Therefore, based on the current selection, these patients would be excluded from PARPis therapy. Finally, analysis of each tumor personalized signatures of tumor cell subsets potentially sensitive to PARPis were demonstrated.
Conclusions: We found that BRCA2 protein deficiency (BRCAness) is detected with metastasis/stemness markers in pancreatic tumors also in individuals lacking BRCA2 mutations. Our findings show that integrating the flow cytometry-based BRCA2 protein assessment with genetic screening is important to improve the effective selection of PDAC patients for therapy with PARPis. This might also be relevant for other BRCA-deficient tumors.
Mitochondrial viability in neurogenic bladder urothelium after sigmoidocolocystoplasty. Implications for persistent vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Suda Kazuto , Arii Rumi , Ma Hongzhao , Suzuki Takamasa , Shibuya Soichi , Koga Hiroyuki , Lane Geoffrey J , Yamataka Atsuyuki
Published: September 2024

Purpose We investigated whether inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), fibrosis, and mitochondrial viability of the neurogenic bladder urothelium are involved in the mechanism of persistent vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after sigmoidocolocystoplasty (SCP).Methods Bladder biopsies obtained 1994–2023 from 62 neurogenic bladder patients were examined by hematoxylin and eosin for ICI, Masson’s trichrome for fibrosis, and immunofluorescence for urothelial growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15; a mitochondrial stress-responsive cytokine) (positive/negative) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60; a mitochondrial matrix marker) (strong = > 50%/weak = < 50%) expression. GDF15+/weak HSP60 indicated compromised mitochondrial viability. Cystometry measured neobladder compliance/capacity.Results Mean ages (years) at SCP and bladder biopsies were 9.4 ± 4.6 and 14.2 ± 7.1, respectively. VUR was present in 38/62 patients (51 ureters) at SCP and resolved with SCP alone in 4/38 patients, with SCP and ureteroneocystostomy in 17/38, and persisted in 17/38. Fibrosis was significantly denser in GDF15+ (n = 24)/weak HSP60 (n = 31) compared with GDF15- (n = 38)/strong HSP60 (n = 31) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Differences in ICI were significant for GDF15 + versus GDF15- (p < 0.05) but not for HSP60. Patients with VUR after SCP had higher incidence of GDF15+/weak HSP60 compared with cases without VUR (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion Viability of mitochondria appears to be compromised with possible etiologic implications for VUR persisting after SCP.
Clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up of twin boys with de novo interstitial 1q25.2q25.3 deletion and 4q35.2 microduplication
Authors: Yang Aoyu , Fu Hao , Zhang Cai , Liang Yan
Published: September 2024

Background：Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is the most prevalent form of pituitary hormone insufficiency.Genetic factors are increasingly recognized to play a significant role in the etiology of GHD.Deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 1 are rare, with only approximately 40 reported cases featuring detailed molecular characterization of deletion size and merely four instances involving deletions within region 1q25. and no related treatment has been reported
Case presentation：The identical twin boys were evaluated at the pediatric endocrinology clinic of Tongji Hospital due to a prolonged history (over 5 years) of short stature and cognitive delays. Upon diagnosis of GHD, hematuria, and intellectual disability, genome-wide CNV analysis revealed deletions at 1q25.2q25.3 and microduplications at 4q35.2 involving genes such as LHX4 and FAT1. These overlapping genomic alterations spanned 6.557 Mb and 141 Kb in these regions respectively, aligning with their clinical phenotypes.Furthermore, comprehensive exomic screening of 97 glomerular disease-associated genes showed no variations. Following diagnosis, the twins underwent over three years of rhGH therapy which led to significant catch-up growth and increased levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 without any adverse endocrine reactions or exacerbation of renal pathology.
Conclusions：This investigation delineates a novel syndromic manifestation in twin boys characterized by GHD, thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN),and intellectual disability associated with specific genetic alterations at 1q25.2-q25.3 and 4q35.2.The treatment with rhGH over an extended period was efficacious in promoting growth without discernible adverse effects underscoring its safety & effectiveness in this unique context.
Current practice of diagnosis and treatment for recto-urethral fistula in male patients with anorectal malformation: A multicenter questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Harumatsu Toshio , Murakami Masakazu , Sugita Koshiro , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Fujino Akihiro , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Aoi Shigeyoshi , Soh Hideki , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Uchida Keiichi , Hirabayashi Takeshi , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Okajima Hideaki , Yonekura Takeo , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Yagi Minoru , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Hirobe Seiichi , Nio Masaki , Ueno Shigeru , Iwai Jun , Kuroda Tatsuo , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Surgical procedures for anorectoplasty for anorectal malformations (ARMs), particularly rectourethral fistula (RUF), depend on the institution. We investigated the diagnosis and treatment of RUF in male patients with ARMs in Japan using a questionnaire survey.
Methods
An online survey inquiring about the diagnosis and treatment (diagnostic modalities, surgical approaches, fistula dissection devices, and fistula closure techniques) of each type of ARM in male patients was conducted among institutional members of the Japanese Study Group of Anorectal Anomalies. Fisher's exact test was used to compare surgical methods between posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP).
Results
Sixty-one institutions (100%) completed the survey. LAARP was the preferred approach for high-type ARM (75.4%). PSARP was preferred for intermediate-type ARM (59.0%). Monopolar devices were most commonly used (72.1%) for RUF dissection. Blunt dissection was more frequent in the PSARP group (PSARP vs. LAARP: 55.6 vs. 20.0%, p < 0.005). Cystoscopy/urethroscopy to confirm the extent of dissection was used more frequently in the LAARP group (70.0% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.005). Clips and staplers were used more frequently in the LAARP group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Distinct fistula management strategies for PSARP and LAARP were revealed. Further studies are needed to investigate the postoperative outcomes associated with these practices.
Second Life in 15-Minute City
Authors: Aksoy Esma Selen , Venverloo Titus , Benson Tom , Duarte Fabio
Published: September 2024

Amsterdam has a housing shortage issue. To solve this problem, the Municipality aims to provide 73.660 housing units by 2028, either constructing new housing buildings or repurposing existing buildings which have other functions. The comparison between these two strategies, at the building scale, is the focus of several important research, from energy consumption in the construction process to the structural features of the repurposed buildings and their compatibility with the housing plan. However, the urban scale has seldom been studied when comparing new and repurposed housing projects. In this paper we compare access to the number and diversity of amenities between new and repurposed housing buildings, based on their location in the city. For this, we evaluate amenities within a 15-minute walking distance from each of the 38,061 housing units (554 residential buildings) built between 2015 and 2019. Additionally, we compare whether these amenities are mainly targeted to tourists or residents. Our results contribute to policymakers and urban planners in evaluating how residents in new and repurposed housing projects benefit from their insertion in the city.
Overexpression of a mango MiUBRPS27a gene increases the resistance to low temperature, drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Qin LiuFei , Zhang YiLi , Mo WenJing , Zhu JiaWei , Guo TianLi , He XinHua , Luo Cong
Published: September 2024

Ubitidin-ribosomal protein plays an important regulatory role in protein synthesis, protein degradation, transcriptional processing, and apoptosis regulation, thus involved in plant growth and stress response. At present, no ubitidin-ribosomal gene has been reported in mango. In a previous study, a ubiquitin-ribosomal gene named MiUBRPS27a was obtained from cDNA-SCoT differential display analysis under different stress treatments of mango. In this study, the expression pattern and function of MiUBRPS27a were studied. The results showed that MiUBRPS27a was expressed in all tested tissues, among which the highest expression level was found in leaves. The expression of MiUBRPS27a gene was affected by low temperature, drought, and salt stress treatments. Overexpression of MiUBRPS27a significantly increased the root length in Arabidopsis under low temperature, drought and salt stress treatments. MiUBRPS27a transgenic plants showed decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MAD) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline content, thus increased the survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under drought stress. Our results suggest that MiUBRPS27a gene plays an important role in plant response to stress.
Effect of porosity and pore size on the corrosion and compression behaviour of biomedical porous titanium fabricated via space holder technique with spark plasma sintering
Authors: Makena Isaac M , Shongwe Mxolisi B , Motsi Glenda T
Published: September 2024

Titanium alloys' exceptional mechanical qualities, remarkable corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility have made them popular choices for use as metallic materials in medical applications. Since solid titanium alloys have a larger elastic modulus than real human bones, porous titanium alloys are used in place of solid titanium alloys to get results that are comparable to those of human bones and meet orthopedic requirements. In this work, porous titanium was fabricated using powder metallurgy processes to study the effects of porosity and pore size on the compressive strength and electrochemical response. To obtain foams with varying pore features, the content of NaCl was varied between 0–80 vol. %. Furthermore, NaCl particles of varying sizes between 100 and 600 µm were employed. Subsequently, specimens underwent preparations for analysis using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to examine the microstructure. Additionally, 3D X-ray micro-CT scanning was used to provide detailed information on the foam porosities. The pore size of the sample affects its corrosion resistance against the 0.9 wt.%. NaCl solution and the lowest corrosion rate were recorded with the sample having the finest pores. Instead, with compressive strength the trend goes the other way round, i.e., strength increases with pore size. As expected, the compressive strength of the porous titanium was found to be showing a linear relationship with porosity.
The relationship between Stressful Life Events and Anxiety Symptoms: A cross-sectional survey of with university students in Botswana
Authors: Amone-P'Olak Kennedy , Omech Bernard
Published: September 2024

Background: Anxiety disorders, particularly in young adults, have a severe influence on the quality of life, career growth, and health. There is a dearth of research on causes and correlates, particularly in areas with limited resources. At a premier higher education institution in Botswana, we set out to determine how stressful life events (SLEs) predict anxiety symptoms in young adults.
Method: In a cross-sectional survey (n = 615, mean age = 21.1, ± 2.1, 59.3% female), the 21-item Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the 26-Item Social Readjustment Rating Scale were used to assess anxiety symptoms and SLEs, respectively. T-tests, analyses of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses were used to calculate associations, compare SLEs at different levels of anxiety symptoms, and assess whether SLEs predicted anxiety.
Results: Anxiety symptoms were moderate in 16.4% and severe in 11.7% of respondents. Over 50 per cent of respondents reported eight (8) or more SLEs. Higher numbers of SLEs were associated with a gradual increase in anxiety symptoms severity. Respondents at different levels of anxiety differed significantly in reporting SLEs (F (3, 612) = 68.21, p < .001). SLEs significantly predicted reporting anxiety symptoms (β = .56, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.66). When all SLEs were simultaneously included in one model, SLEs related to personal, study and relationship stressors independently predicted anxiety symptoms.
Conclusion: Anxiety in young individuals is highly correlated with reporting SLEs. Practitioners should prioritise initiatives that promote mental health through effective low-cost self-help interventions for easing anxiety symptoms in young adults.
Yield reductions in rapeseed, Brassica napus, in response to various regimes of simulated defoliation
Authors: Eskandarlee Karim , Iranipour Shahzad , Peyghamzadeh Kamal , Saber Moosa , Michaud JP
Published: September 2024

Defoliation by insects is a major source of damage in field crops such as canola and an economic evaluation of resulting yield losses is essential for guiding management decisions. In this study, different intensities of defoliation were simulated at different growth stages of rapeseed plants in three sets of experiments. In the first experiment, 25, 50, or 75% of the leaf area was removed once at either the 2-, 4- or 8-leaf stage. In the second experiment, similar defoliation treatments were imposed at one of four flowering stages, pre-bloom, early bloom, mid-bloom, or late bloom. In the third experiment, 80% of leaf area was removed progressively in three treatments: 10% defoliation weekly throughout the 8-week period of flowering, 20% defoliation in each of the first 4 weeks, and 20% defoliation in each of the last 4 weeks. In all experiments, various plant metrics, components of yield, and seed yields per unit area were compared to undefoliated (control) plants. Plant phenology (onset of flowering, time to flowering, and ripening time) was delayed, and growth and yield components were reduced by defoliation occuring in vegetative, prebloom and early bloom stages, but plants compensated for up to 25% defoliation that occurred mid to late flowering. The economic injury level (EIL) was determined to be 3.7, 5.5, and 5.7% defoliation at the 2-, 4- and 8-leaf stages respectively, whereas it was < 2% just prior to flowering and 5.6% during early bloom. Moderate levels of defoliation late in the flowering period resulted in some overcompensation (yields greater than controls). The economic threshold for defoliation during flowering was calculated to be 3.2 and 3.7% for gradual and sudden defoliation events, respectively. These findings can be linked to leaf consumption by defoliators to aid decision making by farmers.
Clinical outcomes of early revascularization in severe diabetic foot ulcer with ischemia: a single center experience
Authors: Tofigh Arash Mohammadi , Samsami Majid , Toutounchi Alireza Haghbin , Hosseini Seyed Pedram Kouchak , Khoshnoudi Hojatolah , Lemraski Soheil Bagherian
Published: September 2024

Objective: The effect of early revascularization on preventing amputation of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) patients is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early revascularization in ischemic severe DFU outcomes.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 patients with severe DFU (Wound Wagner grade 4 and 5), and peripheral artery disease referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from April 2020 to March 2022. All patients underwent lower limb vascular surgery. Patients were examined for 20 months regarding wound healing, amputation, and death. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistic version 27.
Results: The present study included 30 patients (30 lower limbs). The mean time of patients’ follow-up to outcome was 12.56 (SD=4.36, 3-20) months. The mean wait time to revascularization was 8.90 (SD= 2.32, 6-15) weeks. Nine patients (30%) waited more than nine weeks for revascularization. Totally 14 patients (46.7%) healed without major amputation. A shorter time to revascularization (9 weeks and less) was significantly related to a higher probability of healing without major amputation over time (P value= 0.017).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that shorter waiting time for vascular intervention in patients with severe DFU and ischemia is related to wound healing in patients without the need for major amputation. It seems necessary to conduct more studies about the time of vascular intervention in this group of patients.
Identification of Rainfall and Temperature Trends in the Context of Climate Change for the Towns of Bol, Fianga, Moundou and N'Djamena in Chad
Authors: NGARYAMNGAYE Semingar , BOUBA DJOURDEBBE Franklin , MIAMBAYE Mbaiguedem
Published: September 2024

Climate change, characterised by extreme weather events, is one of the most serious threats to sustainable development, with expected adverse effects on human health and food security. Chad, which is half arid, is more than threatened by these increasingly frequent extreme hydrometeorological events, which will weaken its economy and have a negative impact on public health. The aim of this study is to identify rainfall and temperature trends in the context of climate change in the study area, which is made up of four (4) towns (N'Djaména, Bol, Fianga and Moundou) that are representative of Chad. They are divided according to bioclimatic zones, i.e. two in urban areas and two in rural areas. The selection criteria were based on previous malaria and cholera epidemiological situations. Of the 4 towns selected, two are considered to be endemic and at risk, and the other two are those that rarely experience epidemics. In situ observation data from observation stations in the study area will be used to identify obvious signals of climate change. To this end, an analysis of changes in annual precipitation and temperature over the last four (4) decades (1980-2023) was carried out before and after the detected break using statistical tests, as well as a trend and variability analysis of precipitation and extreme temperature indices.The results show that over the last few decades, there has been a change in the precipitation regime in terms of frequency and intensity at all sites.This general downward trend over the 1981-2020 series is linked to the extremely severe droughts of the 1980-1990 and 1990-2000 decades, marked by the El Niño phenomenon of 1983/1984 and a statistically significant increase in temperatures.The study thus contributes to modelling efforts to better predict the resurgence of climate-sensitive diseases.
Knowledge and Uptake of Measles Vaccination Second Dose (MCV2) among Children under 5 in Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: O. Okoro Odi , Makwuachukwu Ojide G , Arinze Obasi , G. Okoro Onyinyechi , Ekuma Moses I
Published: September 2024

Measles, a viral highly contagious infection, has posed significant threats to the lives of children globally. Introduction of Measles-Containing Vaccines has significantly reduced the burden of measles and prevented outbreaks of measles disease and averted deaths of children under 5 years old. This study aimed at examining the knowledge of health care providers of the measles-containing vaccine second dose (MCV2) in Ebonyi State, ascertain the level of uptake, explore the barriers and challenges, and propose the strategies that can be recommended to mitigate the challenges. A purposive sampling approach was employed that sought to identify specific groups of study participants who possessed the characteristics of, or lived in settings relevant to, the social phenomenon under study. Nurses, CHEWs, and other health practitioners who have in one/many way(s) rendered immunization services were included. Data collection was in the form of audio recordings of focused group discussions with study participants on the research subject using a validated interview guide. The result showed low uptake of MCV 2 across the facilities in the State, ignorance, forgetfulness and misconceptions among other factors are responsible for low uptake. Suggested ways to increase the uptake include periodic tracking and intensification of routine immunization, factoring engagement of adhoc health workers into facility business plan, and increased incentives. The study participants’ knowledge and perception of factors affecting uptake of MCV2 among under 5 children in Ebonyi State is consistent with evidence produced by other studies on the subject matter.
Prevalence and Potential Risks Associated with Utilization of Medication During Pregnancy- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdalkarim Ali Suhaila
Published: September 2024

Medication usage during pregnancy is increasing twofold, and it should be considered a public health issue due to increasing complications associated with medication. Data on prescribed and self-prescribed medication among Sudani females is limited. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of drug usage among Sudanese females, including prescribed medication and self-prescribed medication, who are registered in tertiary care facilities. A cross-sectional descriptive study was planned in the hospital setting at Omdurman Maternity Center, Sudan. Data were collected between January 2023 and February 2023 through semi-structured interviews. The sample comprised 878 pregnant females and was divided into two groups: 453 females on medication and 425 females not on medication. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The result of this study shows that 51.1% of females were on medication, of which 14.1% were on self-medication. The maximum drugs taken were antibiotics, followed by diabetic and hypertensive medication. Data showed a statistically significant relationship between medicine usage and chronic medical conditions (p<0.001). However, no significant association was reported between medicine usage, body mass index, gravidity, maternal age, and education. The prevalence of medicine usage among Sudani women is high. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing the initiatives undertaken by healthcare professionals, particularly in the prenatal setting, to ensure the appropriate management of medication usage during pregnancy, thereby reducing the risk of potential complications for both the mother and the fetus.
Family Emotional Support Strategies for Adolescent Depression
Authors: Qianqian Tang , Kamarul Bahrin Farhana
Published: September 2024

The risk of depression among Malaysian adolescents has been on the rise in recent years. Families, as the key to preventing depression in adolescents, should pay attention to the mental health of adolescents, improve family functioning, and strengthen emotional and other aspects of support. This research explored the relationship between family emotional support and adolescent depression, focusing on strategies to enhance family emotional support, and the impact of family emotional support. This is a qualitative study where depressed adolescents from the Tzu Chi Life Care Group in Penang were selected and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve respondents finally the interviews were coded and summarized using thematic analysis. According to research findings, enhancing family emotional support can help increase the resilience of depressed adolescents and families, thereby alleviating adolescent depression and improving mental health. The intervention of social workers through professional methods has helped families respond to the emotional needs of depressed adolescents, respect their personalities, optimize parenting styles, and increase family interactions, which has helped to increase family emotional support for depressed adolescents. Social workers served as a bridge to intervene in family services for depressed adolescents. In the future field of adolescent mental health services in Malaysia, the emphasis on the introduction of social workers and family support may be more conducive to the alleviation of adolescent depression.
Community Perspectives on COVID-19 Vaccines: A Case Study of Low-Income Earners in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu USMAN Nurudeen , Akintunde YUSUF Azeez , David SHITTU Olusoji
Published: September 2024

COVID-19 vaccines play a crucial role in reducing illness and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite their availability, disparities in vaccine uptake persist among low-income earners in Nigeria. Community organizations are vital in spreading essential vaccine information, understanding reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and promoting vaccine acceptance among the communities they serve. This study aimed to assess perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines among low-income communities in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, data were collected from consenting adults via structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions. A total of 651 respondents participated, with the majority from Ejigbo (36.1%), followed by Isolo (33.9%), and Oshodi (30.0%). Most respondents were aged 18-45 years, and nearly equal numbers of males and females participated. Respondents' perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines were assessed through eight questions. Overall, perceptions were positive, with Ejigbo showing slightly higher perception scores compared to Isolo and Oshodi. Trust in the scientists who developed these vaccines likely contributed to this positive perception. While citizens were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines, distrust in government programs and religious beliefs could hinder vaccination efforts. Targeted educational initiatives are necessary to address misconceptions, particularly in communities where religious beliefs strongly influence health decisions. Rebuilding trust between the government and citizens is crucial for achieving higher vaccination rates against COVID-19.
Understanding Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Low-Income Earners in Oshodi/Isolo Local Government Area, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu USMAN Nurudeen , Akintunde YUSUF Azeez , David SHITTU Olusoji
Published: September 2024

COVID-19 vaccines are vital for curbing the health impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet many low-income earners in Nigeria are hesitant to get vaccinated despite accessibility. Community organizations play a key role in providing essential vaccine information and addressing hesitancy factors to promote acceptance. To understand low-income earners' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers towards COVID-19 vaccines, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions were used for uniform data collection. Analysis involved Chi-square tests and logistic regression. 651 respondents participated, with the majority from Ejigbo (36.1%), Isolo (33.9%), and Oshodi (30.0%). Most were aged 26-35 (30.0%) or 36-45 (26.6%), and nearly equal gender representation was observed. Respondents' overall perception of COVID-19 vaccines was positive, with Ejigbo showing slightly higher positivity. Trust in scientists likely influenced this perception. Despite a willingness to take the vaccine, distrust in government programs and religious beliefs may hinder vaccination efforts. Targeted education initiatives are crucial, especially in communities where religious beliefs strongly influence decisions. Rebuilding trust with citizens is essential for higher vaccination rates. Addressing geographical, cultural, and socio-economic factors is vital for widespread vaccine acceptance and achieving community immunity against COVID-19.
Association Between MMP9 Gene Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate in an Indian Population
Authors: Bhatia Niharika , Kumar Subramanian Aravind
Published: September 2024

Cleft lip/palate (CL/P) is among the most common congenital anomalies worldwide. This study investigates the association between matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene polymorphism (rs3918242) and nonsyndromic CL/P in an Indian population. The study involved 120 individuals with nonsyndromic CL/P and 140 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and genotyping for MMP9 polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques with SphI enzymes. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, with significance set at P<0.05. Results indicated a significant association between MMP9 polymorphism and nonsyndromic CL/P, showing a higher prevalence of the T allele and TT genotype in cases compared to controls. This study suggests a potential link between MMP9 polymorphism and nonsyndromic CL/P in the Indian population, emphasizing the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to provide more robust evidence. Expanded studies across different ethnic groups are crucial for a deeper understanding of the genetic factors contributing to CL/P.
Constitucionalização da terceirização da atividade-fim na administração pública e seus possíveis impactos: Uma análise sob a perspectiva da reforma trabalhista e da ADPF 324
Authors: Campos Estevão Schultz , Leonel Vitor Souza Pereira
Published: September 2024

A terceirização nas atividades públicas, antes focada apenas nas atividades-meio, vem se estendendo às atividades-fim, motivada pela busca por eficiência e inovações gerenciais. Devido à crescente nos modelos de gestão flexíveis, tornou-se essencial a análise da terceirização da atividade-fim, seus possíveis impactos, e sua consonância em relação à Constituição Federal. Objetivo(s): sopesar os possíveis benefícios proporcionados pela terceirização da atividade-fim na administração pública em detrimento dos desafios substanciais à sua implementação. Método: revisão bibliográfica sistemática. Desenvolvimento/resultados: há falta de legislação específica acerca do objeto de estudo, qual comina incerteza jurídica e gera dissonância na uniformização do entendimento do direito e da jurisprudência pátria. Daí o aumento na demanda judicial que garanta a execução ou ajustes dos contratos públicos, incorrendo no aumento dos custos, recursos, e tempo de implementação/execução destes, conquanto a principal justificativa seria a celeridade e eficiência. Embora a terceirização deste tipo pareça mais adequada e vantajosa, mostra-se incompatível com o atual ordenamento jurídico constitucional, mitigando direito àqueles mais vulneráveis. Admitindo-se tal incompatibilidade constitucional, necessário será o correto controle de constitucionalidade e intervenção judicial, assim como a delimitação dos seus efeitos processuais. Uma boa eleição da estrutura básica de justiça melhor auxiliaria na conformação das instituições e na solidez à transição de sistemas, melhor auxiliando as instituições na distribuição equitativa de oportunidades, promovendo o igual aceso a estrutura estatal, aos recursos e benefícios da socidade, e do acesso a justiça como equidade.
Hand-arm vibration analysis of Caeski: a communication device for deafblind persons
Authors: R. Luz Taciana , Huebner Rudolf , M. Duarte Maria Lúcia , C. Nick Herbert
Published: September 2024

Assistive technologies can improve greater participation in society and sociocultural experiences. A communication device for deafblind persons, called Caeski, is an assistive technology that allows independent communication between two deafblind persons or between deafblind and non-deafblind persons using vibrating keys. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of hand-arm vibrations (HAV) emitted by Caeski to check if this will be harmful to users. The vibrations emitted by the Caeski’s keys were analyzed from data provided by a triaxial accelerometer, positioned over the fingers of a sample of seven deafblind individuals. The obtained data are within acceptable limits set by International Health and Safety standards – ISO 8041, ISO 5349-1 and European Directive 2002/44/EC – on the physical risk of vibration. Safety is part of the product development process. It was possible to demonstrate that the proposed technology is not harmful to users and can be used safely.
Study on dynamic characteristics and wind-vibration control of transmission tower considering local damage and destruction
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhang Liang , Niu Kai , Zhai Mengqi , Han Fengkai , Rong Kunjie , Tian Li
Published: September 2024

As existing transmission lines gradually approach their service life, health monitoring studies of in-service transmission towers are becoming increasingly important. In this study, relying on the 110 kV transmission line project of Neihuang Dichu to Er’an in Anyang, Henan Province, China, a refined finite element model of the transmission tower structure was established, and the accuracy of the numerical model was validated based on the health monitoring data of the actual engineering structure. Damage and destruction analyses of transmission tower structures considering vibration modes and frequencies were carried out, and the influence of local damage on the vibration reduction effectiveness of controlled structures under wind loads was discussed and analyzed. The results showed that the vibration mode of the local damage model was shifted along the damaged part, and its frequency changed within 15 %; in contrast, the dynamic characteristics of the local damage model changed more significantly. With the vibration mode as the judgment basis of the structural state, the obvious difference can be observed when the structure undergoes local damage, and the vibration mode should be used as the basis for determining the specific damage site of the transmission tower in the actual project. The adopted TMD can effectively reduce the dynamic response of the transmission tower under different wind attack angles and wind speeds, and its vibration reduction effectiveness performed the worst due to the significant change in the dynamic characteristics of the tower leg damage model, resulting in the detuning of the TMD.
Bioenergy recovery from industrial wastewater through sustainable bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Selvaraj Vishnuprasad , Mural Prasanna Kumar S. , Rehman Abdul , Senthilkumar Karthick
Published: September 2024

The rapid growth of industrialization has heightened the demand for energy, leading to increased pressure on finite petroleum resources. Consequently, research efforts have intensified to explore renewable and sustainable energy sources. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has emerged as a promising bioelectrochemical platform, capable of generating bioelectricity while utilizing microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants found in wastewater. However, the successful scaling-up of MFCs remains a significant technical challenge, hindering their practical application. This chapter delves into the power generation potential of MFCs using various industrial wastewater substrates. It underscores the influence of crucial factors on cell performance, including substrate type, quantity, pH levels, and temperature regulation within the chambers. Despite its numerous advantages, this technology also presents certain challenges and potential outcomes, particularly concerning energy recovery from the effluents processed within MFCs.
PRA FRENTE É QUE SE ANDA
Authors: Mourão Mônica , De Almeida Allan Matheus , Toscano Diniz Pedro Felipe
Published: September 2024

“Pra frente é que se anda” é um projeto de extensão que consiste na realização de um podcast jornalístico de entrevistas com defensoras e defensores de direitos humanos. Começou a ser realizado em março de 2021, um dos meses mais letais da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Pelas condições sanitárias, o processo teve sua primeira temporada toda realizada de forma on-line: pré-produção, gravação, edição e divulgação de sete episódios. No presente artigo, relatamos como foi realizar esta experiência em momento tão crítico e apontamos relações entre as entrevistas jornalísticas e a construção de memórias.
A EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA COMO PRÁTICA PARA A LIBERDADE
Authors: Caldas Brognoli Paula , Bertolini Rodrigues Melissa , De Lima Dias Maria Sara , Garcia De Freitas Paula
Published: September 2024

Objetivou-se apresentar dois projetos de extensão vinculados a duas instituições públicas de ensino superior (UFPR) e (UTFPR), cujos propósitos são voltados a uma pedagogia emancipatória e de caráter interseccional. Acreditamos que a extensão universitária seja um processo interdisciplinar, educativo, cultural, científico e político, que promove a interação transformadora entre universidades e setores da sociedade, deve estar integrada ao ensino e à pesquisa e colaborar também com a formação cidadã e profissional de seus estudantes. Descrevemos a metodologia adotada na condução do curso de extensão: Ensino de Língua com Consciência, junto à Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) voltado para professores de línguas e que tem o objetivo dialogar sobre o conceito de ‘consciência’ no ensino de línguas sob diferentes perspectivas e proporcionar um espaço de trocas e de percepção dos sentimentos presentes em salas de aulas de línguas estrangeiras. E projeto TUTOR em curso desde 2017 realizado junto a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Como extensão objetivou-se estudar a constituição da subjetividade em diferentes momentos da vida escolar e apoiar os alunos enquanto sujeitos históricos que emergem no paradigma da educação para o trabalho em sua escolha profissional.Concluímos que ambos os projetos são capazes de estabelecer uma relação orgânica entre a universidade e a sociedade e ajudam a compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva panorâmica e exploratória, a produção científica brasileira e extensão universitária, enquanto metodologia emancipatória. A extensão é um dos processos essenciais para estabelecer uma relação construtiva e dialógica entre Universidade e sua comunidade, bem como entre Universidades, sempre com o objetivo de fortalecer as trocas com a sociedade que as acomoda.
EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA E O MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM TERRA:
Authors: Cruz de Souza Adauto , De Lima Dias Maria Sara , Moreira da Silva Neto Pedro , Maria Becker Thiana , Antonio de Sousa Estevão , Rodrigues dos Santos Marcos Vinícios
Published: September 2024

Objetivou-se analisar uma visita guiada ao Assentamento Contestado, do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra/MST, localizado no município de Lapa-Pr, realizada pelo projeto TUTOR - Tecnologia, Trabalho e Orientação, o projeto de extensão visa a aproximação entre acadêmicos e a comunidade com o intuito de reforçar o tripé universitário, composto pela pesquisa, ensino e extensão. O projeto de extensão TUTOR promoveu uma visita guiada ao assentamento na qual participaram trinta e seis alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, os participantes conheceram o assentamento, sua história e práticas. Após, elaboraram um relato de observação e o documento foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Como resultado destas análises se revelam percepções sobre o MST que são estereotipadas e predominantemente moldadas por narrativas das classes dominantes que são veiculadas pelos meios de comunicação oficiais e extraoficiais. Considera-se, portanto, que a experiência de extensão é fundamental para nortear projetos de formação mais qualificados.
Detection of Dementia: Using Electroencephalography and Machine Learning
Authors: Ahmed Tanveer , Gebali Fayez , Elmiligi Haytham , Elhadad Mohamed K.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This article serves as a background to an emerging field and aims to investigate the use of Electroencephalography signals in detecting dementia. It offers a promising approach for individuals with dementia, as electroencephalography provides a non-invasive measure of brain activity during language tasks. Method: The methodological core of this study involves implementing various electroencephalography feature extraction and selection techniques, along with the use of machine learning algorithms for analyzing the signals to identify patterns indicative of dementia. In terms of results, our analysis showed that most individuals likely to have dementia are in the 60-69 age bracket, with a higher incidence in females. Result: Notably, the K-means algorithm achieved the highest Silhouette Score at approximately 0.295. Additionally, Decision Tree and Random Forest models achieved the best accuracy at 95.83%, slightly outperforming the support vector machines and Logistic Regression models, which also showed good accuracy at 91.67%. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from this article is that electroencephalography signals, analyzed with machine learning algorithms, can be effectively used to detect dementia, with Decision Tree and Random Forest models showing promise for future non-invasive diagnostic tools.