bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications
Authors: Musslick Sebastian , Bartlett Laura K. , Chandramouli Suyog H. , Dubova Marina , Gobet Fernand , Griffiths Thomas L. , Hullman Jessica , King Ross D. , Kutz J. Nathan , Lucas Christopher G. , Mahesh Suhas , Pestilli Franco , Sloman Sabina J. , Holmes William R.
Published: January 2025

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches. Furthermore, it discusses different perspectives to the following questions: where do the greatest opportunities lie for automation in scientific practice?; What are the current bottlenecks of automating scientific practice?; and What are significant ethical and practical consequences of automating scientific practice? By discussing the motivations behind automated science, analyzing the hurdles encountered, and examining its implications, this article invites researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders to navigate the rapidly evolving frontier of automated scientific practice.
Electric transportation and electroreception in hummingbird flower mites
Authors: García-Robledo Carlos , Dierick Diego , Manser Konstantine
Published: January 2025

Electric fields in terrestrial environments are used by caterpillars to detect their predators, as foraging cues by pollinators, and facilitate ballooning by spiders. This study shows that electric fields facilitate transportation and detection of hummingbirds in a guild of tropical phoretic mites. Hummingbird flower mites feed on nectar and pollen and complete their life cycle inside flowers. Mites colonize new flowers by hitching rides on hummingbird beaks. Flower mites emerge from hummingbird nostrils and disembark when the beak touches a flower. We tested whether flower mites are attracted to unmodulated electrostatic, or to modulated electric fields with amplitudes and frequencies in the range of those previously reported for hummingbirds. In a laboratory setup, mites were only attracted to modulated electric fields. In a choice experiment between positive or negative polarities, mites almost instantaneously chose positive charges, but only when the field was modulated. Mites display questing behavior, moving their front legs toward an electrostatic source. In experiments where we removed one or both front leg tarsi, we show that modulated fields are detected by sensory structures present in the front legs. We also show that flower mites use electrostatic attraction to bridge the gap to the beaks of hummingbirds, for a few milliseconds becoming one of the fastest terrestrial organisms. Our results confirm that hummingbird flower mites evolved an additional sensory modality — electroreception — to quickly detect hummingbirds and use electrostatics to facilitate transportation onto their hosts.
Fatty acid metabolism and the oxidative stress response support bacterial predation
Authors: Jain Rikesh , Le Nguyen-Hung , Bertaux Lionel , Baudry Jean , Bibette Jérôme , Denis Yann , Habermann Bianca H. , Mignot Tâm
Published: January 2025

Despite growing awareness of their importance in soil ecology, the genetic and physiological traits of bacterial predators are still relatively poorly understood. In the course of a
Myxococcus xanthus
predator evolution experiment, we identified a class of genotypes leading to enhanced predation against diverse species. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that this phenotype is linked to the constitutive activation of a predation-specific program. Functional analysis of the mutations accumulated across the evolutionary time in a two-component system and Acyl-CoA-manipulating enzymes revealed the critical roles of fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant gene induction. The former likely adapts the predator to metabolites derived from the prey while the latter protects predatory cells from reactive oxygen species generated by prey cells under stress and released upon lysis during predation. These findings reveal interesting parallels between bacterial predator–prey dynamics and pathogen–host cell interactions.
A primer on Carroll gravity
Authors: March Eleanor , Read James
Published: January 2025

The ultra-relativistic limit of general relativity is Carroll gravity. In this article, we provide (i) a rigorous and thorough exposition of the geometric formalism of the ‘magnetic’ version of Carroll gravity, (ii) a presentation of this theory as a limit of general relativity in a geometrical, ‘lightcone-narrowing’ sense, and (iii) an exploration of some of the various conceptually interesting features of this version of Carroll gravity.
Potential effects of statistical complexity measure in improving the fault diagnosis performance under speed fluctuations
Authors: Sowmya S , Saimurugan M , Kannan N , Edinbarough Immanuel
Published: January 2025

Many research studies have been performed to extract non-stationary signal properties, such as the instantaneous frequency (IF) and envelope, to diagnose machinery faults under time-varying speed conditions. However, accurate IF extraction is difficult from such complex fluctuating signals to identify faults efficiently. Therefore, this paper proposes the statistical complexity measure (SCM) as a feature that evaluates the randomness and complexity without any additional requirement, providing an outstanding result in multi-component fault detection under speed fluctuations. Primarily, the influence of SCM is proved by ranking the features with the help of the random forest algorithm. The fault classification of individual signal characteristics confirms its ranking order as well. Then, it is targeted toward the efficacy of the signal fusion approach in multi-component fault diagnosis. Focusing on the essence of SCM, it is merged with the other three signal properties based on the ranking technique to investigate which one of the feature compositions is more advantageous. The machine learning classifier, SVM-RBF, achieves 94.7%, which proves the potential effects of SCM features in industrial rotational machinery components under variable speed conditions.
Interactive segmentation for accurately isolating metastatic lesions from low-resolution, large-size bone scintigrams
Authors: Ma Xiaoqiang , Lin Qiang , Zeng Xianwu , Cao Yongchun , Man Zhengxing , Liu Caihong , Huang Xiaodi
Published: January 2025

Objective. Bone is a common site for the metastasis of malignant tumors, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is widely used to detect these metastases. Accurate delineation of metastatic bone lesions in SPECT images is essential for developing treatment plans. However, current clinical practices rely on manual delineation by physicians, which is prone to variability and subjective interpretation. While computer-aided diagnosis systems have the potential to improve diagnostic efficiency, fully automated segmentation approaches frequently suffer from high false positive rates, limiting their clinical utility. Approach. This study proposes an interactive segmentation framework for SPECT images, leveraging the deep convolutional neural networks to enhance segmentation accuracy. The proposed framework incorporates a U-shaped backbone network that effectively addresses inter-patient variability, along with an interactive attention module that enhances feature extraction in densely packed bone regions. Main results. Extensive experiments using clinical data validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Furthermore, a prototype tool was developed based on this framework to assist in the clinical segmentation of metastatic bone lesions and to support the creation of a large-scale dataset for bone metastasis segmentation. Significance. In this study, we proposed an interactive segmentation framework for metastatic lesions in bone scintigraphy to address the challenging task of labeling low-resolution, large-size SPECT bone scans. The experimental results show that the model can effectively segment the bone metastases of lung cancer interactively. In addition, the prototype tool developed based on the model has certain clinical application value.
Introduction of a 3D global non-linear full-f particle-in-cell model for runaway electrons in JOREK
Authors: Bergström Hannes , Liu Shi-Jie , Bandaru Vinodh , Hoelzl Matthias ,   JOREK Team,   JET Contributors
Published: January 2025

Disruptions present one of the leading concerns for reliable tokamak operation. The acceleration of electrons from the thermal bulk to relativistic energies, so-called runaway electron (RE) generation, is in particular a problem for future high current machines such as ITER. Accurately predicting the generation and impact of REs is therefore essential for making informed decisions concerning machine design and the use of disruption mitigation systems. This requires high-fidelity modeling also accounting for the large MHD activity observed throughout disruptions, which is made especially difficult by the mutual coupling between REs and the companion plasma. The non-linear 3D extended MHD code JOREK is a powerful tool for studying disruption and RE physics. This work details recent developments in JOREK, introducing a hybrid fluid-kinetic model where the REs are modeled kinetically and coupled to the non-linear MHD equations using a full-f particle-in-cell approach. The model goes beyond the state of the art and can accurately capture phase space distributions and dynamics of REs, drift orbits, and transport and losses caused by stochastic fields. Benchmarks are presented for both 2D and 3D configurations, concerning the impact of REs on the force balance and linear tearing mode growth rates, where a good agreement with analytically derived results is found. In addition, a demonstration of a particularly complicated non-linear application with high relevance to large machines is made, namely a RE benign termination linked to a violent burst of MHD activity.
Opening measurement of rubber gaskets in tunnel segmental joints based on impedance analysis using piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Jiang Guodong , Zhang Guozhu , Cui Haoran
Published: January 2025

The segmental joint with rubber gaskets is the weakest part of the shield tunnel structure. Poor assembly quality or prolonged loading conditions can compromise the effectiveness of these gaskets, leading to issues such as leakage, seepage, and reduced load-bearing capacity. Currently, there is a lack of effective methods for directly monitoring the state of rubber sealing gaskets. This paper proposes a novel monitoring method for tunnel joint rubber sealing gaskets by integrating flexible piezoelectric sensors (PVDF) with rubber sealing gaskets, based on the principle of structural impedance analysis. First, the mechanical performance equation of the rubber sealing gasket is derived, and a piezoelectric material-rubber sealing gasket impedance model is proposed based on existing research. Subsequently, experiments are conducted on single-set rubber sealing gaskets using piezoelectric impedance analysis, as well as on dual-set rubber sealing gaskets in both series and parallel configurations. The impedance magnitude, phase angle, real part, and imaginary part of the impedance are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the impedance magnitude, phase angle, and real part of the impedance of the piezoelectric sensor-rubber sealing gasket structure can effectively reflect the opening state of the rubber sealing gaskets. For the rubber sealing gaskets selected in this study, for every 1 mm of opening, when the applied AC frequency is near the resonant frequency, the impedance magnitude increases by 0.23 Ω, the real part of the impedance increases by 0.3 Ω, and the phase angle decreases by 0.42° at an AC frequency of 300 MHz. In multi-set rubber sealing gasket simultaneous monitoring, the monitoring performance with series-connected internal sensors is found to be superior to that with parallel connections. When both sets of rubber sealing gaskets open simultaneously, compared to a single set of gaskets opening, the impedance magnitude curve generates an additional extreme point near the resonant frequency. This additional extreme point can serve as a signal to determine the opening of multiple sets of rubber sealing gaskets.
Pitfalls and practical suggestions for using local field potential recordings in DBS clinical practice and research
Authors: Swinnen Bart E K S , Buijink Arthur W G , Stam Mariëlle J , Hubers Deborah , de Neeling Martijn , Keulen Bart J , Morgante Francesca , van Wijk Bernadette C M , de Bie Rob M A , Ricciardi Lucia , Little Simon J , Beudel Martijn
Published: January 2025

Objective. Local field potential (LFP) recordings using chronically implanted sensing-enabled stimulators are a powerful tool for indexing symptom presence and severity in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and for enhancing our neurophysiological understanding of brain processes. LFPs have gained interest as input signals for closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) and can be used to inform DBS parameter selection. LFP recordings using chronically implanted sensing-enabled stimulators have various implementational challenges. Approach. Here we describe our collective experience using BrainSense (Medtronic®) for clinical and research work. We aim to provide insightful tips and practical advice to empower readers with the knowledge needed to navigate the intricacies of the device and make the most out of its features. Main results. The central issues that apply to several BrainSense features encompass restricted compatibility of stimulation configuration with sensing, differences in electrophysiological signal properties between ‘stimulation OFF’ and ‘stimulation ON at 0.0 mA’, and challenges associated with the internal clock of the neurostimulator. In addition, since recordings are obtained from bipolar and not monopolar channels, spatial certainty regarding the distribution of LFPs around the DBS electrode is limited. Several options exist to synchronize LFP time series with external data streams, but standardization and generalization are lacking. The use of at-home chronic LFP recording is limited by a low temporal and spectral resolution. Regarding at-home LFP snapshots, LFP time series are not stored, parts of the power spectrum are censored when stimulating at high or low frequencies, and the stimulation amplitude is not readily available. Significance. We discussed practical applications, implementation, system limitations, and pitfalls with the aim that sensing can be better applied for clinical practice and research.
Improving pre-movement patterns detection with multi-dimensional EEG features for readiness potential decrease
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Zhang Hongyu , Yan Shaoting , Li Ruiqi , Yao Dezhong , Hu Yuxia , Zhang Rui
Published: January 2025

Objective. The readiness potential (RP) is an important neural characteristic in motor preparation-based brain–computer interface. In our previous research, we observed a significant decrease of the RP amplitude in some cases, which severely affects the pre-movement patterns detection. In this paper, we aimed to improve the accuracy (Acc) of pre-movement patterns detection in the condition of RP decrease. Approach. We analyzed multi-dimensional EEG features in terms of time–frequency, brain networks, and cross-frequency coupling (CFC). And, a multi-dimensional Electroencephalogram feature combination (MEFC) algorithm was proposed. The features used include: (1) waveforms of the RP; (2) energy in alpha and beta bands; (3) brain network in alpha and beta bands; and (4) CFC value between 2 and 10 Hz. Main results. By employing support vector machines, the MEFC method achieved an average recognition rate of 88.9% and 85.5% under normal and RP decrease conditions, respectively. Compared to classical algorithm, the average Acc for both tasks improved by 7.8% and 8.8% respectively. Significance. This method can effectively improve the Acc of pre-movement patterns decoding in the condition of RP decrease.
A multi-domain feature fusion epilepsy seizure detection method based on spike matching and PLV functional networks
Authors: Fan Qikai , Jiang Lurong , El Gohary Amira , Dong Fang , Wu Duanpo , Jiang Tiejia , Wang Chen , Liu Junbiao
Published: January 2025

Objective. The identification of spikes, as a typical characteristic wave of epilepsy, is crucial for diagnosing and locating the epileptogenic region. The traditional seizure detection methods lack spike features and have low sample richness. This paper proposes a seizure detection method with spike-based phase locking value (PLV) functional brain networks and multi-domain fused features. Approach. In the spiking detection part, brain functional networks based on PLV are constructed to explore the changes in brain functional states during spiking discharge, from the perspective of microscopic neuronal activity to macroscopic brain region interactions. Then, in the epilepsy seizure detection task, multi-domain fused feature sequences are constructed using time-domain, frequency-domain, inter-channel correlation, and the spike detection features. Finally, Bi-LSTM and Transformer encoders and their optimized models are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Main results. Experimental results achieve the best seizure detection metrics on Bi-LSTM-Attention, with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 98.40%, 98.94%, and 97.86%, respectively. Significance. The method is significant as it innovatively applies multi channel spike network features to seizure detection. It can potentially improve the diagnosis and location of the epileptogenic region by accurately detecting seizures through the identification of spikes, which is a crucial characteristic wave of epilepsy.
Design of an X-point slot closed divertor for the HL-3 tokamak with SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Du Hailong , Li Jiaxian , Xue Lei , Bonnin Xavier , Zheng Guoyao , Xiao Guoliang , Fan Dongmei , Tong Ruihai , Xue Miao , Song Xiao , Wang Shuo , Wu Na , Ji Xiaoquan , Chen Wei , Zhong Wulv
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we introduce a novel X-point Slot Closure (XSC) divertor developed for the HL-3 tokamak. The XSC divertor combines the benefits of W-shaped, V-shaped, Small Angle Slot, and Compact Radiative Divertor divertors into a compact design that is compatible with high-elongation and high-triangularity double-null configurations. This design offers three key advantages. First, its compact structure, with the X-point positioned near the dome top, reduces the divertor volume while increasing the overall plasma volume. This configuration effectively traps impurities away from the X-point, thereby reducing the risk of impurity transport into the core plasma and enhancing particle control. Second, the optimized strike-point location on the horizontal target plate, close to the private flux region’s pumping slot, promotes neutral trapping in the XSC divertor, thereby enhancing XSC energy dissipation. Third, the XSC divertor integrates a large-angle V-shaped geometry with the common scrape-off layer plasma, expanding the radiation loss zone. These features position the XSC divertor as a promising solution for addressing the challenges of heat and particle exhaust in future fusion reactors.
Strategies to strengthen arrowroot production as a land cover crop and improve farmers’ economy
Authors: Rahayu E S , Widadie F , Irianto H , Handayani S M , Setyowati  , Sundari M T
Published: January 2025

One of the MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises) that still survive after Covid is the processed arrowroot flour MSME in Kulonprogo Regency, DIY. This phenomenon provides benefits in environmental conservation and, on the one hand, provides high economic value by empowering arrowroot farmers to get new sources of income. Preservation of germplasm while using the local potential of the region in MSME businesses made from arrowroot flour.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of arrowroot plants in their contribution to the control of soil damage and their role in the economic activities of farmer households in an effort to increase their income and welfare. The research method was carried out surveys on MSME players processing arrowroot flour by random sampling of 90 MSMEs spread throughout the Kulonprogo Regency. Analysis methods with frequency distribution analysis, descriptive analysis, IFE-EFE analysis, and SWOT analysis. The conclusion of the arrowroot plant acts as a ground cover plant that is able to control the environmental aspects of the destruction of eroded land and is able to increase farmers’ income by 35.7% in increasing income through MSME activities that process arrowroot flour into processed food ingredients. Study suggestions are needed to strengthen the production and farming of arrowroot plants as a land cover crop with a system of planting arrowroot plant populations in a wide enough ecology, especially on marginal and dry land, selecting arrowroot plant varieties that have high production potential.
The Impact of blue carbon on climate change, case study seagrass bed on Puntondo Beach, Takalar District, South Sulawesi
Authors: Aamirah Faidza P.M. , Fayyadh Madjid Muhammad , Naufal Aiman , Deavania Al Malika M. Nur , Rimantho Dedi
Published: January 2025

Blue carbon is a term for carbon captured by marine and coastal ecosystems, which is able to minimize the impact of climate change. This research aims to examine the impact of blue carbon in seagrass bed on climate change. This research involves secondary data which is the climate data for over the past 5 years, area of seagrass bed, and carbon stock in seagrass over the past 4 years, and the primary data collection techniques using the transect square method. The carbon analysis applied seagrass biomass conversion formula and organic matter conversion. Where the carbon estimation results shows the total of seagrass carbon stock and its sediment is 118,378 MgC/Ha. Furthermore, correlation analysis is employed to ascertain the relationship between carbon storage and climatic variables. The results showed that blue carbon gives a significant impact toward climate change. Based on the correlation table, carbon storage has an impact on rainfall of 0.85, while the impact of carbon storage on temperature is lower, at 0.61. This result shows that carbon stock in seagrass bed on Puntondo Beach has a stronger correlation with rainfall variable rather than average temperature. Therefore, serious efforts are needed for conservation and restoration of seagrass ecosystem conditions in the Puntondo Beach location to minimize the impact of climate change.
Analysis tsunami arrival time and tsunami hazard using TUNAMI in the coastal area of Kulon Progo Regency
Authors: Rahmadani A. R. , Wibowo A. A. , Anna A. N. , Sasmi A. T. , Khoirunnisa H.
Published: January 2025

The tectonic/lithospheric plates of the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian meet near Kulon Progo Regency, which faces the Indian Ocean. Large earthquakes that could produce tsunami waves could be caused by the plate. The Kulon Progo Regency is situated exactly next to the Indian Ocean, 225 kilometres away from the subduction zone. The coastline of the regency stretches for 24 kilometres, making the coastal region there hazard to tsunami disasters. In order to predict when tsunami waves will reach the region’s shoreline and gauge the level of tsunami risk based on inundation or immersion of tsunami waves, this study simulates probable tsunamis in Kulon Progo Regency. TUNAMI, is a programme used for tsunami modelling. The TUNAMI programme is run using Fortran programming discussion with Microsoft Developer Studio software. The method used in this study is a numerical method with TUNAMI-F1 and TUNAMI-N3 software. The study’s findings demonstrated that the expected wave arrival time from the moment of wave creation to the Kulon Progo shoreline area was thirty minutes for tsunami waves generated by an 8.9 Mw megathrust earthquake. The majority of Kulon Progo Regency’s coastal areas are low to moderately dangerous, only areas that border the shoreline and the western coastal section of the regency have high levels of tsunami hazard.
The impact of land cover change on runoff coefficient at Upper Garang Watershed, Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia
Authors: Maftukhakh Hilmya Nada Firda , Iqbal Taufiqurrahman Sunariya M
Published: January 2025

The Upper Garang Watershed serves as a vital water catchment area and supplier for the surrounding regions. Changes in land cover particularly the conversion of vegetated areas to built-up spaces or the reduction of high-density vegetation to low-density coverage can increase the runoff coefficient and disrupt the water supply. This research aims to analyze the impact of land cover change on the runoff coefficient in the Upper Garang Watershed. The data in this research was the topographic map of Indonesia (RBI), the Upper Garang Watershed map, the soil map, the river flow map, and Landsat imagery. The land cover changes in 2013-2023 were analyzed from Landsat imagery. The runoff was analyzed by calculating using Cook method based on mapping slope, soil infiltration, vegetation density, and river flow density. The results showed that in 2013-2023, vegetated areas of forest and agriculture decreased, however, plantation and settlement increased. Land cover changes from vegetated areas becoming built-up areas was about 28.36% of the Upper Garang Watershed area. Land cover changes affected the runoff coefficient. The runoff coefficient changes about 2%.
Ecobricks creation for preschool children: Sustainable Development Goals 2030
Authors: Eka Nurjanah Novita , Yetti Elindra , Syarif Sumantri Mohamad
Published: January 2025

Plastic waste is currently a very serious problem, not least in Indonesia context. Awareness efforts regarding the reduction of plastic waste is important to introduce since preschool. This study was conducted to describe the efforts made in raising awareness of plastic waste management since preschool as an effort to support the Sustainable Development Goals, namely SDGs 6: Clean Water and sanitation; SDGs 11: Sustainable Cities and communities; SDGs 13: Climate Action; and SDGs 14: life below water. Narrative studies were conducted in this study. The narrative study approach in this context is used to understand the teacher’s experience in applying ecobricks creation as a solution in reducing plastic waste to preschool children, especially those aged 5-6 years. Respondents explained the efforts made in raising awareness of waste plastic management since preschool. The results show that processed plastic waste can be recycled into a variety of APE creations by preschool-aged children. Ecobricks as a plastic disposal action carried out by preschoolers will help the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 2030, especially the environment such as reducing waste disposal into drains and rivers, as well as reducing air pollution caused by burning waste.
Potential unitization of sediment deposited in Mrica Reservoir, Banjarnegara, Central of Java
Authors: Kurniawan A , Tapiory J G , Jayanti F N M
Published: January 2025

The Serayu Watershed is considered one of the invaluable areas as it has a crucial role in the ecosystem, water supply, and sustainability of local communities. Land conversion into agricultural areas has become inevitable and has caused immense erosion along the Serayu watershed. Consequently, the degradation in Serayu upstream has promoted a significant sedimentation in Mrica Reservoir. As sedimentation continues to increase, the storage capacity of the reservoir drops and triggers its inherent challenges for reservoir management. PT Indonesia Power has implemented dredged sedimentation to overcome these issues; however, waste from deposited sediment poses a new concern that requires a solution. Considering that most of the accumulated soil in the reservoir is part of the topsoil, which is generally rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, deposited sediment employment for a planting media should serve as one of the alternatives to overcome the sedimentation problem in the Mrica Reservoir as these elements are essential for plant growth. Using sediment as a planting medium will help reduce the volume of sediment in the reservoir as a sustainable approach, as it also increases the reservoir’s storage capacity and efficiency. Studies related to the utilization of Mrica-deposited sedimentation into planting media will be discussed in this paper. The utilization of deposited sediment from the Mrica Reservoir as a planting medium might possess an innovation that has great potential to overcome sedimentation problems while increasing agricultural productivity.
Influence of Green Open Space (RTH) availability on thermal comfort index in Klaten Regency
Authors: Halimah G. , Danardono D. , Priyono K. D. , Arijuddin B. I.
Published: January 2025

The Klaten Regency’s fast population increase can affect land use, particularly on Green Open Space, which is becoming developed land. The presence of Green Open Space can provide benefits for the thermal comfort of the city and contribute to the mitigation of urban heat effects. This study aims to (1) Analyze the availability of Green Open Space in Klaten Regency, (2) Analyze the level of thermal comfort in Klaten Regency, and (3) Analyze the effect of Green Open Space on thermal comfort in Klaten Regency. The data used in this research is Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image in 2023 used to obtain the availability of green open space using the Normalize Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method and obtain air temperature values using the Land Surface Temperature (LST) method. The method used to assess the comfort index is the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) by processing temperature and humidity values. The results showed that the availability of green open space in Klaten Regency has an area of 37542.1 ha. The comfort level that dominates in Klaten Regency is comfortable with an area of 34312.96 ha. Green Open Space in Klaten Regency has a 76.5% influence on the level of comfort.
Community capacity building for reducing the risk of peatland fire in wetland area
Authors: Arisanty Deasy , Puji Hastuti Karunia , Setyasih Iya , Rosadi Dedi , Farista Aristin Nevy
Published: January 2025

Environmental problems in wetlands include peatland fires, especially during the dry season. Community capacity building is an effort to reduce the risk of peatland fires. This study aims to analyze the community’s capacity to reduce the risk of fire disasters on peatlands. Data collection will be done by conducting field observations and interviews and collecting documents related to research. Key informants in this study were fire care communities or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) and community leaders who played an active role in peatland fire risk reduction activities. The study results show that communities have increased their capacity to reduce the risk of peatland fires. The formation of volunteer groups such as fire care communities or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) and disaster care communities or Masyarakat Peduli Bencana (MPB) is an effort to increase community capacity. Various fire suppression socialization and training have been carried out to increase community capacity. Training for volunteer groups is carried out by the Regional Disaster Management Agency or Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD). The training included using fire extinguishers and how to extinguish them in the field. MPA is also actively involved in disaster preparedness activities, such as preparing before a disaster and monitoring locations prone to fire. These efforts have shown results in reducing the risk of peatland fires, although fires still happen on peatlands.
Application of triangular grids sonic crystals with bamboo material as railroad noise reducer
Authors: Hartono Widi , Handayani Dewi , Adi Kristiawan Stefanus , Fredlina Akbar Dian
Published: January 2025

Resettlements situated along railway tracks are continuously exposed to significant levels of noise pollution as a result of train operations. The noise level exceeds 90 decibels (dB), often surpassing 100 dB when the train’s whistle is sounded. Residential areas have regulated noise level of 55 dB. Long-term exposure to traffic-related noise pollution has been linked to a range of negative health outcomes, including hearing loss, cognitive decline, disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders. One innovative solution is the creation of a triangular grid sonic crystal array composed of bamboo. Bamboo was chosen for its sustainability, affordability, and ease of use as a natural resource. Bamboo materials prospects as noise dampeners because of the materials inherent noise absorbing and insulating qualities. Some areas that still need to be addressed include improvements effective sound performance in lower and higher frequencies. This research aims to investigate the potential of bamboo with a triangular grid sonic crystal as a noise-reducing solution. The study utilized an experimental method, measuring noise levels before and after the installation of the device at distances of 1, 2, and 3 meters behind the device. The device was 3 meters wide and 2 meters high, with measurements taken behind the midpoint of the width using a Sound Level Meter. The results indicated a decrease in noise levels, although not as significant as in laboratory settings. This finding could be an important step in the development of triangular lattice sonic crystals made from bamboo as a noise-reducing solution for train operations.
Farmers’ perception of critical land in Jatiyoso and Gempolan Villages, Karanganyar
Authors: Karyadi Pujo , Lestari Eny , Anantanyu Sapja , Ratri Cahyani Vita
Published: January 2025

Land degradation is influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors, due to human behavioral activities. Studies on land degradation often focus on biophysical aspects and processes. Farmers’ perceptions and knowledge about land degradation are often ignored by researchers. The conservation behavior of farmers towards critical land needs to be studied. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of farmers’ perceptions of critical land, as well as its influence on conservation actions in Jatiyoso and Gempolan villages, Karanganyar. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using the primary data obtained from the results of a survey of 61 farmer respondents in Jatiyoso and Gempolan Villages, Karanganyar, which was then analyzed by a simple regression analysis. The results of observations on the level of achievement of the respondents regarding the farmers’ perceptions that the land they work on is critically vulnerable is 59%, and the level of achievement of the respondents regarding Conservation Action is 55%. The relationship between farmers’ perceptions of conservation actions can be explained that farmers’ perceptions have a real influence on conservation actions of 63.8%. Further research involving the variables of Learning Experience, Knowledge, and Sense of Responsibility, needs to be carried out to get a comprehensive of Farmer Conservation Behavior on critical land. The strategy to increase the role of farmers in land conservation is to build farmers’ perceptions of critical land so that they are more aware of the threats to critical land, through agricultural extension.
Strategy for Optimizing Public Open Space Through a Sustainable Architectural Approach in Surakarta
Authors: Hardiana Ana , Yuni Iswati Tri
Published: January 2025

Public open space is an important element in the urban environment which plays a role in improving people’s quality of life. Sustainable architecture emphasizes the integration of environmental, social and economic aspects in space design. This research aims to identify and analyze strategies for optimizing public open space through a sustainable architectural approach in Surakarta. By integrating sustainability principles in architectural design, it is hoped that this research can provide recommendations for improving the quality and use of public open spaces in the city of Surakarta. This research method involves field surveys, data analysis, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into the use of sustainable architectural principles in improving the quality of public open spaces, thereby benefiting the development of sustainable urban development policies.
Tropical Agricultural Waste Management: Exploring the Utilization of Cassava Husk for Extracting Cellulose and Starch as Sustainable Biomass Resources
Authors: Marsa Chairani Annisa , Lestari Prieskarinda , Yuni Susanti Devi , Ngadisih  , Clara Dione Nathania , Labiba Azzahra Rana , Shiba Dhiyaul Rohma Anggitaniko
Published: January 2025

Cassava is one of the most popular food crops in the world, as proven by its high production. Indonesia produced 17.75 million tons of cassava in 2021. Meanwhile, about 15-20% of the production will generate cassava husk waste. However, cassava husk has valuable components, including cellulose and starch, that can be used in various industry applications. Cellulose is generally used as a filler to manufacture an item or compound, while starch can be applied as an adhesive. This study aimed to investigate cellulose and starch extracts from cassava husk waste for sustainable biomass resources. Yield of cellulose from cassava husk was ranged from 24 to 26%. The cellulose content of delignified cassava husk was obtained at 44.97%, which was increased up to 14.24% compared to the non-delignified (30.73%). Meanwhile, yield of starch from cassava husk extraction was obtained at 3-4%. Physical appearance has shown that the extracted starch can experience the gelatinization process after mixing with warm water, which is one of the proven characteristics. This gelatinization process then made the starch powder become a sticky gel-like glue for adhesives. Based on the FTIR test, some functional groups showed the presence of cellulose and starch bonds from the cassava husk extracts. In cellulose extract, the C=C aromatic group at the peak of 1623 cm−1 was obtained, which showed that the lignin remained. In starch extract, the O-H bond on 3301 cm−1 was found, showing one of the main identified functional groups of starch. These findings showed that cassava husk can be utilized as sustainable biomass resources for cellulose and starch provision, with future continuous improvement in application.
Country’s development and renewable energy adoption
Authors: Choirul Anam Muhammad , Setyowati Arum , Fariz Achsanta Aldy
Published: January 2025

Energy is important in supporting the ease and comfort of human life in this modern era. In fact, countries are increasingly using fossil energy sources to support industrialization and rising prosperity. Unfortunately, this fossil energy also creates health problems and negatively impacts the earth, such as global warming, climate change, and various pollution problems. Various countries responded to this concern by making Paris Agreements to reduce fossil energy use and maximize renewable energy use. This research aims to explore the factors that influence renewable energy consumption. Using a sample data set from 133 countries from 2011 to 2021, we investigate various country characteristics such as economic development, financial growth, human capital, and technological developments in renewable energy consumption. By running a panel regression analysis, our investigations show that a country’s financial growth and human capital development still significantly negatively affect renewable energy consumption. Meanwhile, we also cannot find evidence of a significant relationship between a country’s economic growth and technological developments in increasing renewable energy consumption. Renewable energy consumption for a country is costly and not easy because it is related to investment and human behavior. Therefore, a higher commitment from the government is needed to support the achievement of sustainable development.
Hydropower’s Role in Enhancing Energy Justice: Preliminary Insights from the EU and Turkey
Authors: Telli Azime , Kırısık Avnihan , Quaranta Emanuele , Kuriqi Alban , Kasiulis Egidijus , Muntean Sebastian
Published: January 2025

This study examines recent energy transition policies and the conceptual framework of energy justice, emphasizing the role of hydropower, in ensuring the equitable distribution of energy services and burdens. The analysis focuses on the EU’s energy mix, highlighting the capacity of hydropower and its impact on energy justice, and examines the relationship between migration and energy poverty in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Turkey. In addition to their role as a source of renewable energy, hydropower offer a range of other benefits, including irrigation, flood control, water supply and fisheries. Despite these benefits, the construction of dams can also give rise to several social impacts, including environmental degradation, displacement of local communities and disruption to traditional livelihoods. The study concludes that hydropower remains critical to the EU’s transition to a sustainable and equitable energy system and supports social justice through improved energy access and security.
Magnetic vector field mapping of the stimulated abductor digiti minimi muscle with optically pumped magnetometers
Authors: Kruse Marlen , Nordenström Simon , Hartwig Stefan , Marquetand Justus , Lebedev Victor , Middelmann Thomas , Broser Philip J
Published: January 2025

Objective. Mapping the myomagnetic field of a straight and easily accessible muscle after electrical stimulation using triaxial optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) to assess potential benefits for magnetomyography (MMG). Approach. Six triaxial OPMs were arranged in two rows with three sensors each along the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle. The upper row of sensors was inclined by 45° with respect to the lower row and all sensors were aligned closely to the skin surface without direct contact. Then, the electromagnetic muscle activity was electrically evoked utilizing stepwise increasing currents at the cubital tunnel at the ulnar nerve. Evoked myomagnetic activity was recorded with 18 channels, three per sensor. As the measurements were performed in PTB’s magnetically shielded room (BMSR-2) no averaging and only moderate filtering was applied. Main results. The myomagnetic vector field could be successfully mapped. The obtained spatial structure with a radial symmetry corresponds to the expectations from the ADM’s parallel muscle architecture. The temporal evolution exhibits an up to four-phasic shape. Implications for future experiments are derived and needs for sensor performance improvements are identified. Significance. The use of an OPM array with small (∼3 mm edge length) sensing voxels enabled the mapping of the magnetic vector field of the ADM. This allowed visualization of the spatiotemporal evolution of the muscle’s evoked magnetic field and gives implications for future experiments. In the future, high density OPM grids may enable high-accuracy determination of muscle parameters such as innervation zone position, pennation angle, and propagation velocities.
Investigation on the heating effects of intra-tumoral injectable magnetic hydrogels (IT-MG) for cancer hyperthermia
Authors: Masanam Hema Brindha , Muthuraman Janani , Chandra Bharath , Kottapalli Venkata Naga Sundara Mahesh , Chandra Sai Sarath , Gupta Piyush Kumar , Narasimhan Ashwin Kumar
Published: January 2025

Capacitive-based radiofrequency (Rf) radiation at 27 MHz offers a non-invasive approach for inducing hyperthermia, making it a promising technique for thermal cancer therapy applications. To achieve focused and site-specific hyperthermia, Rf-responsive materials is required to convert Rf radiation into localized heat efficiently. Nanoparticles capable of absorbing Rf energy and convert into heat for targeted ablation are of critical importance. In this study, we developed and evaluated an Intra-tumoral injectable magnetic hydrogel (IT-MG) composed of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) impregnated in low molecular weight Hyaluronic Acid (HA) forming HA-SPIONs. Our systematic investigation revealed that HA-SPIONs exposed to Rf radiation significantly increased temperature, reaching up to 50 °C. Further testing in tissue-mimicking phantom models also showed consistent heating, with temperatures stabilizing at 43 °C, ideal for localized hyperthermia. The ability of HA-SPIONs to act as an effective localized heating agent when exposed to 27 MHz Rf radiation, reaching apoptosis-inducing temperature, has not been previously reported. In conclusion, synergistic effects of IT-MG in both in-vitro and tumor-mimicking phantom models demonstrate improved and localized hyperthermia, facilitating adjuvant cancer treatment.
Mapping Forest Types along Ecological Gradient in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Ali Syed Ghias
Published: January 2025

Environmental variables influence the spatial distribution, pattern and structure of vegetation in complex mountainous landscape along varied geographical conditions. Present study explored the spatial distribution of four forest types across ecological gradient based on field data, climatic, topographic, and soil variables based on stepwise linear regression (SLR), decision trees (DT), random forests (RF), and Maxent modeling. Results showed that climatic variables. Results showed that climatic variables (particularly annual precipitation, precipitation of warmest and coldest quarter) have achieved the highest predictive capability for forest types mapping and outperformed other explanatory variables (topographic and edaphic). Among the rest of variables, elevation, sand contents and SOC have achieved good correlation and contained useful information in order explain forest type spatial distribution. Analysis of regression models revealed that RF has achieved the highest correlation (R2=0.923) and lowest RMSE 0.54, followed by the SLR model in which R2 value has been progressively increased from 0.41 (error 2.02) to 0.917 (0.77) with respect four different predictors models, each separate developed for topographic (n=5), soil (n-11), climatic (n=11) and combined of all datasets (n=27). CHAID DT showed that annual precipitation was the most important predictor for forest type classification with risk estimate of 0.412 (std error 0.31) and 0.478 (std error 0.52) for training and validation respectively. Maxent modeling showed impressive predictive performance of all forest types (STPF, MTF and DTF) along ecological gradient with average AUC values of 0.968, 0.918, and 0.940 respectively and climatic variables have highest gain compared to topographic and soil predictors. Present study suggests that mapping of forest types through machine learning algorithms may be improved by incorporating other explanatory variables such microclimate, soil types, nutrients, anthropogenic, demographic factors and spectral indices.