bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a pattern-based referencing tool: Learner interactions and perceptions
Authors: Lai Shu-Li , Chang Jason S.
Published: May 2020

In this process-based study, we introduced a collocation tool with a new interface and advanced search features and examined how a class of EFL college students interacted with it. To elicit their tool consultation behaviors, a vocabulary test with collocation questions was designed. The students’ use of the tool to answer the vocabulary questions was screen-recorded for further analysis, serving as the major data source. One-on-one interviews with selected students were then conducted to clarify issues related to the study and their experience in using the tool. The findings indicated that the pattern-based tool was efficient in helping students solve collocation problems. This paper concludes with some pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research.
Erector Spinae Block for Chest Trauma in Aeromedical Prehospital and Retrieval Medicine
Authors: Ibbotson William J. , Greenberg Randall , Brendt Peter
Published: May 2020

Pain management for patients with chest trauma in aeromedical prehospital and retrieval medicine is important in order to maintain respiratory function. However, it can be challenging to achieve with opioids alone due to side effects including sedation, respiratory depression, and nausea.

Reported are two trauma patients with uncontrolled pain despite multiple doses of opioids managed with a single-injection erector spinae plane block (ESB).

The sono-anatomy and performance of the block, indications, and possible complications associated with the ESB are described.

An ultrasound-guided ESB is useful for multimodal pain therapy following chest trauma in aeromedical retrieval medicine.
Fear, Institutionalized Racism, and Empathy: The Underlying Dimensions of Whites’ Racial Attitudes
Authors: DeSante Christopher D. , Smith Candis Watts
Published: May 2020

For nearly 75 years, scholars of American public opinion have sought to measure whites’ attitudes toward blacks: social scientists have invented and revised ways to measure what we could refer to as “racial prejudice.” With each revision, scholars who believe they have captured new forms of racial animus are met with opposition from those who believe that old-fashioned anti-black affect is a thing of the past. We directly answer these claims by collecting a surfeit of attitudinal measures to simultaneously estimate the relationship between cognitive beliefs about the racial status quo and emotional reactions to racism. First, we uncover that two higher-order dimensions undergird whites’ racial attitudes. Second, we validate a four-item version of our new battery using the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study.
“God loves the rich.” The Economic Policy of Ennahda: Liberalism in the Service of Social Solidarity
Authors: Ben Salem Maryam
Published: May 2020

The article examines the economic vision of the Tunisian Islamist party Ennahda focusing on its supposed transformation from a party with socialist rhetoric to one embracing fully the tenets of neo-liberalism. The article argues that such a transformation has been quite easy to achieve because the party and its leaders were always more pragmatic than ideological when it comes to economic policy-making. In fact, the party is more at ease with neo-liberal economics because of the electoral constituency it serves and because of its internal structure and ways of operating, which reward those members who display the virtues that the neo-liberal economy also values.
Geology of the Souter Head subvolcanic complex, Aberdeenshire, Scotland: an Ordovician granite-related Mo–(Bi–As–Au) system
Authors: RICE Clive M. , MARK Darren F.
Published: May 2020

An Ordovician subvolcanic intrusive complex hosted by Neoproterozoic metasediments crops out at Souter Head about 6km S of Aberdeen, Scotland. The complex is composed mainly of two-mica red granite and breccia with minor dykes of pegmatite, quartz porphyry, felsite and dolerite, and widespread quartz veining, hydrothermal alteration and minor molybdenite mineralisation. Anomalous levels of bismuth (Bi), arsenic (As) and gold (Au) occur in quartz–pyrite veins. The complex has been mapped and the major- and minor-element geochemistry, including rare-earth elements of intrusives and mineralisation, has been determined. These data reveal a complex tectonic, intrusive and hydrothermal history. The intrusives are peraluminous and magnetite-, muscovite- and garnet-bearing. The youngest member, a quartz porphyry, is highly fractionated. There are two stages of hydrothermal activity: the first is linked to the explosive release of volatiles from a granite cupola and breccia formation; and the second, widespread quartz veining. Mo is associated with both stages, and Bi–As–Au anomalies are found in late quartz–pyrite veins. The mineralisation is classified as a granite-related vein-type Mo system. The unique preservation, in the Grampian terrane, of an Ordovician subvolcanic complex may be attributed to pre-Devonian movements on the nearby Dee fault and possibly also the collapse of the magma chamber following the explosive release of volatiles. The combination of large size, poor exposure and abundant multi-stage hydrothermal activity suggests that there is potential for further Mo and possibly Au mineralisation in this complex. Further mineralisation of this style may be present in the NE Grampian terrane.
Boomerangs and Bombs: The Zagreb School of Animation and Yugoslavia's Third Way Experiment
Authors: Morton Paul
Published: May 2020

The Zagreb School of Animation, one of the great achievements of Yugoslav culture, produced hundreds of films from the 1950s to the early 1990s. This paper studies the early development of the Zagreb School and the films that satirized the universal concerns of the post-World War II landscape: industrialization, militarism, environmentalism, nuclear annihilation, and urban alienation, as well as the conforming pressures of commercialization and mass culture. This paper argues that the Zagreb School, which was made up neither of dissidents nor propagandists, breaks many of the stereotypes about artists in the dictatorial states of central and eastern Europe. Its approach to the animation medium is adjacent to the two most important features of Yugoslavia's Third Way experiment: the development of workers’ self-management and a commitment to internationalism. The paper places the Zagreb School in this historical context with a formalist analysis of Boris Kolar's Bumerang (Boomerang, 1962).
Comment on “Sedimentation Controls on Methane‐Hydrate Dynamics Across Glacial/Interglacial Stages: An Example From International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1517, Hikurangi Margin” by E. J. Screaton et al.
Authors: Sultan Nabil
Published: May 2020

In the IODP 372A proposal, working hypotheses used with respect to actively deforming gas hydrate‐bearing landslides were based on an initial calculation considering gas hydrate to occur in fresh water. This initial inaccuracy leads to predict the base of methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) to be at around 162 m below the seafloor (mbsf) at site U1517 while it is expected to be between 85 and 128 mbsf. It is most interesting that important negative chloride anomalies were measured well below the theoretical MHSZ without direct evidence of the presence of gas hydrate. These anomalies are usually a strong indication of gas hydrate occurrence. This initial inaccurate hypothesis provides the opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the indirect salinity detection method to quantify gas hydrate.
Late Quaternary Extension Rates Across the Northern Half of the Yadong‐Gulu Rift: Implication for East‐West Extension in Southern Tibet
Authors: Chevalier M.‐L. , Tapponnier P. , van der Woerd J. , Leloup P. H. , Wang S. , Pan J. , Bai M. , Kali E. , Liu X. , Li H.
Published: May 2020

The presence of ~NS‐trending rifts within the Tibetan Plateau attests that it is undergoing ~EW extension. In southern Tibet, the total extension rate, distributed across seven main rifts over a distance of ~1,000 km, has been inferred to amount to about half of the shortening rate across the Himalayas. Quantifying the late Quaternary extension rates across the largest rift (Yadong‐Gulu rift [YGR]) is important to understand Tibetan deformation and to discuss the high plateau evolution during the later stages of continental collision. We performed10Be surface‐exposure cosmogenic nuclide dating of 57 samples from three fluvial surfaces and two moraines that are vertically offset by the normal faults bounding the northern YGR. After carefully assessing individual ages at each site, to elucidate scatter in the age distributions, we obtained ~EW extension rates of up to 3–6 mm/yr near the northern end of the rift (Gulu) and of only 1.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr in the south (Yangbajing). The fast rates in the north may be influenced by dextral slip along the Beng Co fault, whose rate ought to be at least 6.0 ± 1.8 mm/yr. The total late Quaternary extension rate of 9 ± 2 mm/yr we infer across southern Tibet between ~81°E and 92°E, assuming similar rates across each rift, is similar to earlier, qualitative inferences and consistent with recent geodetic results. Distinct deformation rates north and south of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture may reflect significant differences between the extensional kinematics and mechanisms across the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks.
Confronting the Challenge of Modeling Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics
Authors: Morrison Hugh , van Lier‐Walqui Marcus , Fridlind Ann M. , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Hoose Corinna , Korolev Alexei , Kumjian Matthew R. , Milbrandt Jason A. , Pawlowska Hanna , Posselt Derek J. , Prat Olivier P. , Reimel Karly J. , Shima Shin‐Ichiro , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Xue Lulin
Published: May 2020

In the atmosphere, microphysics refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's atmospheric water and energy cycles. The representation of microphysical processes in models continues to pose a major challenge leading to uncertainty in numerical weather forecasts and climate simulations. In this paper, the problem of treating microphysics in models is divided into two parts: (i) how to represent the population of cloud and precipitation particles, given the impossibility of simulating all particles individually within a cloud, and (ii) uncertainties in the microphysical process rates owing to fundamental gaps in knowledge of cloud physics. The recently developed Lagrangian particle‐based method is advocated as a way to address several conceptual and practical challenges of representing particle populations using traditional bulk and bin microphysics parameterization schemes. For addressing critical gaps in cloud physics knowledge, sustained investment for observational advances from laboratory experiments, new probe development, and next‐generation instruments in space is needed. Greater emphasis on laboratory work, which has apparently declined over the past several decades relative to other areas of cloud physics research, is argued to be an essential ingredient for improving process‐level understanding. More systematic use of natural cloud and precipitation observations to constrain microphysics schemes is also advocated. Because it is generally difficult to quantify individual microphysical process rates from these observations directly, this presents an inverse problem that can be viewed from the standpoint of Bayesian statistics. Following this idea, a probabilistic framework is proposed that combines elements from statistical and physical modeling. Besides providing rigorous constraint of schemes, there is an added benefit of quantifying uncertainty systematically. Finally, a broader hierarchical approach is proposed to accelerate improvements in microphysics schemes, leveraging the advances described in this paper related to process modeling (using Lagrangian particle‐based schemes), laboratory experimentation, cloud and precipitation observations, and statistical methods.
Intraseasonal, Seasonal, and Interannual Characteristics of Regional Monsoon Simulations in CESM2
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Shields Christine , Arblaster Julie M. , Annamalai H. , Neale Rich
Published: May 2020

A survey of intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual precipitation and 850 hPa winds for various monsoon regimes around the world is presented for the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) compared to observations and the previous generation CESM1. In CESM2 the south Asian monsoon has a reduction of excessive precipitation in the western Indian Ocean and an increase of precipitation in the eastern Bay of Bengal and land areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The seasonal timing of the south Asian monsoon, monsoon‐ENSO connections, and monsoon intraseasonal variability all are improved compared to CESM1. For the Australian monsoon, deficient precipitation over the Maritime Continent has been improved in CESM2 with increases of precipitation over the large tropical islands of Borneo, Celebes, and Papua New Guinea and decreases over southwestern Australia. In the West African monsoon, May–June seasonal rainfall occurs more preferentially over the African coast in CESM2 as in observations, and excessive rainfall over the Ethiopian region is reduced. During July–September in the West African monsoon, deficient precipitation over equatorial Africa in CESM1 has been lessened in CESM2, and there are increases in precipitation over the Guinean coast, though there is little overall improvement in the South African monsoon. In the South American monsoon, precipitation in CESM2 is improved with increased precipitation over the Amazon in central and western Brazil. CESM2 simulates a reduction of excessive precipitation seen in CESM1 over coastal Mexico extending up into the U.S. Great Plains in the North American monsoon.
A Method for Enhancing Capacity of Local Governance for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Williams D. S. , Celliers L. , Unverzagt K. , Videira N. , Máñez Costa M. , Giordano R.
Published: May 2020

The lack of capacity for climate change adaptation at the subnational level has been highlighted as a key barrier to implementing the UNFCCC National Adaptation Plans. At the same time, the adaptive capacity of local governance is highly context sensitive, making a “one‐size fits all” approach inappropriate. Thus, a versatile methodological approach for application in various local contexts is required. There are several indicator‐based local governance assessment methods for evaluating the effectiveness of local governance for climate change adaptation. However, they fall short of identifying and prioritizing between key factors within local governance for enhancing adaptive capacity and driving positive change. Building on adaptation theory, the authors propose combining two methodological approaches, the Capital Approach Framework for evaluating the adaptive capacity of local governance and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping for identifying leverage points, into one integrated modeling approach, which can be applied by local researchers. This paper describes the process and benefits of combining the methodological approaches, with an example provided as supporting information. Assisting decision‐makers and policy planners from subnational governance in identifying leverage points to focus and maximize impact of capacity‐enhancing measures would make a key contribution for successful implementation of the UNFCCC National Adaptation Plans.
circ5615 functions as a ceRNA to promote colorectal cancer progression by upregulating TNKS
Authors: Ma Zhifei , Han Chencheng , Xia Wenjia , wang Siwei , Li Xiang , Fang Panqi , Yin Rong , Xu Lin , Yang Liu
Published: May 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), non-coding RNAs generated by precursor mRNA back-splicing of exons, have been reported to fulfill multiple roles in cancer. However, the role of quite a lot circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains mostly unknown. Herein, we explored the expression profiles of circRNAs in 5 paired samples of CRC patients by microarray and noted a circRNA, hsa_circ_0005615 (circ5615), was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. Circ5615 was derived from exon 2 of NFATC3 and its upregulation was tightly correlated with higher T stage and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that knockdown of circ5615 in cancer cells inhibited proliferation and cell cycle acceleration, while overexpression promoted malignant phenotypes. Mechanistically, RNA immunoprecipitation, biotin-coupled probe pull-down and luciferase reporter assays revealed circ5615 effectively bound to miR-149-5p and might play a role like miR-149-5p sponge. Additionally, tankyrase (TNKS), regulator of β-catenin stabilization, was identified as circ5615 downstream and the potential miR-149-5p targets by RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. We further verified the upregulation of β-catenin and cyclin D1 induced by circ5615. Our results indicated that circ5615 exerted oncogenic function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-149-5p to release TNKS and activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
The therapeutic value of SC66 in human renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Ming , Wang Yin , Zhou Li-Na , Xu Li-jun , Jin Zhi-chang , Yang Dong-rong , Chen Min-bin , Zhu Jin
Published: May 2020

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade is required for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. SC66 is novel AKT inhibitor. We found that SC66 inhibited viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cell lines (786-O and A498) and patient-derived primary RCC cells. Although SC66blocked AKT-mTORC1/2 activation in RCC cells, it remained cytotoxic in AKT-inhibited/-silenced RCC cells. In RCC cells, SC66 cytotoxicity appears to occur via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, sphingosine kinase 1inhibition, ceramide accumulation and JNK activation, independent of AKT inhibition. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, the JNK inhibitor (JNKi) and the anti-ceramide sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate all attenuated SC66-induced cytotoxicity in 786-O cells. In vivo, oral administration of SC66 potently inhibited subcutaneous 786-O xenograft growth in SCID mice. AKT-mTOR inhibition, SphK1 inhibition, ceramide accumulation and JNK activation were detected in SC66-treated 786-O xenograft tumors, indicating that SC66 inhibits RCC cell progression through AKT-dependent and AKT-independent mechanisms.
Haplotype-specific PCR for NAT2 diplotyping
Authors: Wichukchinda Nuanjun , Pakdee Jirapa , Kunhapan Punna , Imunchot Wimala , Toyo-oka Licht , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth
Published: May 2020

N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is an enzyme that acetylates many kinds of drugs, including the antituberculosis drug isoniazid. The NAT2 gene is highly diverse across populations. An individual can be classified as having a slow acetylator (SA), an intermediate acetylator (IA), or a rapid acetylator (RA) phenotype based on its two haplotypes (diplotype) of NAT2. SA individuals are at a higher risk for isoniazid-induced hepatitis, while the RA phenotype contributes to failure in tuberculosis treatment. Being able to predict individual NAT2 phenotypes is important for dose adjustment of isoniazid. NAT2 haplotypes are commonly determined via an indirect method of statistical haplotype inference from SNP genotyping. Here, we report a direct NAT2 haplotyping method using haplotype-specific PCR (HS-PCR) for the 6 most commonly found NAT2 haplotypes: NAT2*4, NAT2*5B, NAT2*6A, NAT2*7B, NAT2*12A, and NAT2*13A. Validation of this HS-PCR method via comparison with a sequencing method in 650 Thai DNA samples (107 RA, 279 IA, and 264 SA samples) showed a concordance rate for diplotype calls of 99.23% (645/650 samples). The discordant results in 5 samples were due to 3 rare NAT2 haplotypes: NAT*5C (n = 3), NAT2*7C (n = 1), and NAT2*11A (n = 1). This novel HS-PCR method allows direct NAT2 diplotyping, enabling the implementation of NAT2 acetylator phenotypes in clinical pharmacogenetic testing.
Deep learning enables accurate clustering with batch effect removal in single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Li Xiangjie , Wang Kui , Lyu Yafei , Pan Huize , Zhang Jingxiao , Stambolian Dwight , Susztak Katalin , Reilly Muredach P. , Hu Gang , Li Mingyao
Published: May 2020

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can characterize cell types and states through unsupervised clustering, but the ever increasing number of cells and batch effect impose computational challenges. We present DESC, an unsupervised deep embedding algorithm that clusters scRNA-seq data by iteratively optimizing a clustering objective function. Through iterative self-learning, DESC gradually removes batch effects, as long as technical differences across batches are smaller than true biological variations. As a soft clustering algorithm, cluster assignment probabilities from DESC are biologically interpretable and can reveal both discrete and pseudotemporal structure of cells. Comprehensive evaluations show that DESC offers a proper balance of clustering accuracy and stability, has a small footprint on memory, does not explicitly require batch information for batch effect removal, and can utilize GPU when available. As the scale of single-cell studies continues to grow, we believe DESC will offer a valuable tool for biomedical researchers to disentangle complex cellular heterogeneity.
Randomized resonant metamaterials for single-sensor identification of elastic vibrations
Authors: Jiang Tianxi , Li Chong , He Qingbo , Peng Zhi-Ke
Published: May 2020

Vibrations carry a wealth of useful physical information in various fields. Identifying the multi-source vibration information generally requires a large number of sensors and complex hardware. Compressive sensing has been shown to be able to bypass the traditional sensing requirements by encoding spatial physical fields, but how to encode vibration information remains unexplored. Here we propose a randomized resonant metamaterial with randomly coupled local resonators for single-sensor compressed identification of elastic vibrations. The disordered effective masses of local resonators lead to highly uncorrelated vibration transmissions, and the spatial vibration information can thus be physically encoded. We demonstrate that the spatial vibration information can be reconstructed via a compressive sensing framework, and this metamaterial can be reconfigured while maintaining desirable performance. This randomized resonant metamaterial presents a new perspective for single-sensor vibration sensing via vibration transmission encoding, and potentially offers an approach to simpler sensing devices for many other physical information.
Nucleation and growth of orbital ordering
Authors: Katsufuji Takuro , Kajita Tomomasa , Yano Suguru , Katayama Yumiko , Ueno Kazunori
Published: May 2020

The dynamics of the first-order phase transitions involving a large displacement of atoms, for example, a liquid-solid transition, is generally dominated by the nucleation of the ordered phase and the growth of the nuclei, where the interfacial energy between the two phases plays an important role. On the other hand, electronic phase transitions seldom exhibit such a nucleation-growth behavior, probably because two-phase coexistence is not dominated by only the interfacial energy in such phase transitions. In the present paper, we report that the dynamics of a phase transition associated with an ordering of d orbitals in a vanadate exhibits a clear nucleation-growth behavior and that the interfacial energy between the orbital-ordered and -disordered phases dominated by the orbital-spin coupling can be experimentally obtained.
Multiplex precise base editing in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Aida Tomomi , del Rosario Ricardo C. H. , Wilde Jonathan J. , Ding Chenhui , Zhang Xiaohui , Baloch Zulqurain , Huang Yan , Tang Yu , Li Duanduan , Lu Hongyu , Zhou Yang , Jiang Minqing , Xu Dongdong , Fang Zhihao , Zheng Zhanhong , Huang Qunshan , Feng Guoping , Yang Shihua
Published: May 2020

Common polygenic diseases result from compounded risk contributed by multiple genetic variants, meaning that simultaneous correction or introduction of single nucleotide variants is required for disease modeling and gene therapy. Here, we show precise, efficient, and simultaneous multiplex base editing of up to three target sites across 11 genes/loci in cynomolgus monkey embryos using CRISPR-based cytidine- and adenine-base editors. Unbiased whole genome sequencing demonstrates high specificity of base editing in monkey embryos. Our data demonstrate feasibility of multiplex base editing for polygenic disease modeling in primate zygotes.
Towards stem cell therapies for skeletal muscle repair
Authors: Judson Robert N. , Rossi Fabio M. V.
Published: May 2020

Skeletal muscle is an ideal target for cell therapy. The use of its potent stem cell population in the form of autologous intramuscular transplantation represents a tantalizing strategy to slow the progression of congenital muscle diseases (such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) or regenerate injured tissue following trauma. The syncytial nature of skeletal muscle uniquely permits the engraftment of stem/progenitor cells to contribute to new myonuclei and restore the expression of genes mutated in myopathies. Historically however, the implementation of this approach has been significantly limited by the inability to expand undifferentiated muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in culture whilst maintaining transplantation potential. This is crucial, as MuSC expansion and/or genetic manipulation is likely necessary for therapeutic applications. In this article, we review recent studies that have provided a number of important breakthroughs to tackle this problem. Progress towards this goal has been achieved by exploiting biochemical, biophysical and developmental paradigms to construct innovative in vitro strategies that are guiding stem cell therapies for muscle repair towards the clinic.
Immune modulation of hair follicle regeneration
Authors: Rahmani Waleed , Sinha Sarthak , Biernaskie Jeff
Published: May 2020

The mammalian hair follicle undergoes repeated bouts of regeneration orchestrated by a variety of hair follicle stem cells. The last decade has witnessed the emergence of the immune niche as a key regulator of stem cell behavior and hair follicle regeneration. Hair follicles chemotactically attract macrophages and T cells so that they are in range to regulate epithelial stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation during physiologic and injured states. Disruption of this dynamic relationship leads to clinically significant forms of hair loss including scarring and non-scarring alopecias. In this review, we summarize key concepts behind immune-mediated hair regeneration, highlight gaps in the literature and discuss the therapeutic potential of exploiting this relationship for treating various immune-mediated alopecias.
Preferential out-of-plane conduction and quasi-one-dimensional electronic states in layered 1T-TaS2
Authors: Martino E. , Pisoni A. , Ćirić L. , Arakcheeva A. , Berger H. , Akrap A. , Putzke C. , Moll P. J. W. , Batistić I. , Tutiš E. , Forró L. , Semeniuk K.
Published: May 2020

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are commonly classified as quasi-two-dimensional materials, meaning that their electronic structure closely resembles that of an individual layer, which results in resistivity anisotropies reaching thousands. Here, we show that this rule does not hold for 1T-TaS2—a compound with the richest phase diagram among TMDs. Although the onset of charge density wave order makes the in-plane conduction non-metallic, we reveal that the out-of-plane charge transport is metallic and the resistivity anisotropy is close to one. We support our findings with ab initio calculations predicting a pronounced quasi-one-dimensional character of the electronic structure. Consequently, we interpret the highly debated metal-insulator transition in 1T-TaS2 as a quasi-one-dimensional instability, contrary to the long-standing Mott localisation picture. In a broader context, these findings are relevant for the newly born field of van der Waals heterostructures, where tuning interlayer interactions (e.g., by twist, strain, intercalation, etc.) leads to new emergent phenomena.
Synergetic catalysis of a cobalt-based coordination polymer for selective visible-light driven CO2-to-CO conversion
Authors: Li Sheng-Jie , Chang Yong-Bin , Li Ming , Feng You-Xiang , Zhang Wen
Published: May 2020

Herein, based on the strategy of synergetic catalysis, we report a cobalt-based coordination polymer PEI6-Co for the visible-light-driven CO2-to-CO conversion in water containing system.
Macrocyclization of an all-d linear α-helical peptide imparts cellular permeability
Authors: Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Aronica Pietro G. A. , Ng Simon , Gek Lian Dawn Thean , Frosi Yuri , Chee Sharon , Shimin Jiang , Yuen Tsz Ying , Sadruddin Ahmad , Kaan Hung Yi Kristal , Chandramohan Arun , Wong Jin Huei , Tan Yaw Sing , Chang Zi Wei , Ferrer-Gago Fernando J. , Arumugam Prakash , Han Yi , Chen Shiying , Rénia Laurent , Brown Christopher J. , Johannes Charles W. , Henry Brian , Lane David P. , Sawyer Tomi K. , Verma Chandra S. , Partridge Anthony W.
Published: May 2020

Peptide-based molecules hold great potential as targeted inhibitors of intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs).
Bioactive nanocomposite coatings under visible light illumination promoted surface-mediated gene delivery
Authors: Yao Lili , Wang Xiaozhao , Weng Wenjian , Fu Yongqing , Cheng Kui
Published: May 2020

Bioactive coatings with photothermal conversion ability were used to spatially and temporally control surface-mediated gene delivery under visible light illumination.
Temperature sensing performance based on up-conversion luminescence in hydrothermally synthesized Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped NaScF4 phosphors
Authors: Mao Yini , Xian Pengfei , Jiang Li , Hu Shanshan , Tang Jianfeng , Yang Jun
Published: May 2020

NaScF4:Yb3+/Er3+ crystals were successfully hydrothermally synthesized using distilled water as a single solvent.
Phosphasalen group IV metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and ring opening polymerization of lactide
Authors: Normand Adrien T. , Malacea-Kabbara Raluca , Lapenta Rosita , Dajnak Aymeric , Richard Philippe , Cattey Hélène , Bolley Anaëlle , Grassi Alfonso , Milione Stefano , Auffrant Audrey , Dagorne Samuel , Le Gendre Pierre
Published: May 2020

A series of discrete mononuclear neutral and cationic phosphasalen Ti and Zr complexes has been isolated and characterized. For the first time, a cationic group IV metal complex was found active in the ROP of LA.
X1INH, an improved next-generation affinity-optimized hydrazonic ligand, attenuates abnormal copper(i)/copper(ii)-α-Syn interactions and affects protein aggregation in a cellular model of synucleinopathy
Authors: Cukierman Daphne S. , Lázaro Diana F. , Sacco Pamela , Ferreira Patrícia R. , Diniz Renata , Fernández Claudio O. , Outeiro Tiago F. , Rey Nicolás A.
Published: May 2020

By tuning the copper(i)/copper(ii) affinity of a novel N-acylhydrazone, a more soluble, hydrolysis resistant and less toxic improved Metal–Protein Attenuating Compound for the bioinorganic management of metal-enhanced aggregopathies was obtained.
Oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 improves biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with wheat bran
Authors: Russo M. , Marquez A. , Herrera H. , Abeijon-Mukdsi C. , Saavedra L. , Hebert E. , Gauffin-Cano P. , Medina R.
Published: May 2020

This work evaluated the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, feruloyl esterase producing, on metabolic biomarkers and intestinal microbiota of high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome mice and supplemented with wheat bran.
Conformational equilibrium of MinE regulates the allowable concentration ranges of a protein wave for cell division
Authors: Kohyama Shunshi , Fujiwara Kei , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko , Doi Nobuhide
Published: May 2020

The bias of MinE conformational equilibriums is an important factor to determine the allowable concentration ranges for the spatiotemporal organization of Min proteins (Min wave) for cell division.
NBD-based fluorescent probes for separate detection of cysteine and biothiols via different reactivities
Authors: Huang Haojie , Ji Xiuru , Jiang Yaqing , Zhang Changyu , Kang Xueying , Zhu Jiqin , Sun Lu , Yi Long
Published: May 2020

A NBD-based fluorescent probe is developed to seperately detect Cys and all biothiols via different reactivity.
Newly synthesized 3-sulfenylindole derivatives from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarin using an oxidative cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction (OCDCR): potential lead molecules for antiproliferative activity
Authors: Mondal Santa , Mahato Karuna , Arora Neha , Kankane Dheerendra , Singh Umed Pratap , Ali Saghir , Khan Aftab Hossain , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Khan Abu T.
Published: May 2020

Synthesis of 3-sulfenyl indole derivatives is achieved through oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction. A few such newly synthesized compounds have also exhibited anti-proliferative activityviareactive oxygen species mediated cell damage.
Efficiently diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized hydro-carbazoles by base-mediated tandem annulation of 1-(2-amino-aryl)prop-2-en-1-ones and sulfur ylide
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Zhang Jiong , Wang Zheyuan , Hui Xin-Ping
Published: May 2020

The base-promoted [3 + 3]/[1 + 4] tandem reaction of tosyl-protected o-amino α,β-unsaturated ketones and crotonate-derived sulfur ylide is developed for efficiently diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized hydrocarbazoles.
SiO2 thin film growth through a pure atomic layer deposition technique at room temperature
Authors: Arl D. , Rogé V. , Adjeroud N. , Pistillo B. R. , Sarr M. , Bahlawane N. , Lenoble D.
Published: May 2020

In this study, less contaminated and porous SiO2 films were grown via ALD at room temperature.
Chemical synthesis of human syndecan-4 glycopeptide bearing O-, N-sulfation and multiple aspartic acids for probing impacts of the glycan chain and the core peptide on biological functions
Authors: Yang Weizhun , Eken Yigitcan , Zhang Jicheng , Cole Logan Emerson , Ramadan Sherif , Xu Yongmei , Zhang Zeren , Liu Jian , Wilson Angela K. , Huang Xuefei
Published: May 2020

Attaching heparan sulfate glycan on a peptide backbone can modulate biological functions of the glycan.
A perturbation solution to the full Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations yields an asymmetric rectified electric field
Authors: Hashemi Aref , Miller Gregory H. , Bishop Kyle J. M. , Ristenpart William D.
Published: May 2020

We derive a perturbation solution to the one-dimensional Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations between parallel electrodes under oscillatory polarization for arbitrary ionic mobilities and valences.
Oxide-mediated mechanisms of gallium foam generation and stabilization during shear mixing in air
Authors: Kong Wilson , Shah Najam Ul Hassan , Neumann Taylor V. , Vong Man Hou , Kotagama Praveen , Dickey Michael D. , Wang Robert Y. , Rykaczewski Konrad
Published: May 2020

The fracturing and incorporation of liquid gallium surface oxides during shear mixing in air enables the stabilization of air bubbles within gallium which leads to the formation of a room-temperature liquid metal foam.
Creating a locally crowded environment with nanoclay hydrogels for cell-free biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Xinjie , Sun Qi , Lu Yuan
Published: May 2020

Nanoclay hydrogels can create a locally crowded environment in a cell-free system, which effectively improves biological transcription and translation.
Flower-like droplets obtained by self-emulsification of a phase-separating (SEPS) aqueous film
Authors: Chao Youchuang , Hung Lap Tak , Feng Jie , Yuan Hao , Pan Yi , Guo Wei , Zhang Yage , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: May 2020

Highly complex droplets, such as flower-like droplets, are designed by incorporating liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) into the breakup of an aqueous film.
Metal defects in HKUST-1 MOF revealed by vibrational spectroscopy: a combined quantum mechanical and experimental study
Authors: Gentile Francesco Silvio , Pannico Marianna , Causà Mauro , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Di Palma Giulio , Scherillo Giuseppe , Musto Pellegrino
Published: May 2020

This paper reports an interpretation of the FTIR and Raman spectra of the HKUST-1 MOF in light of anab initiotheoretical analysis of the vibrational spectra of the framework.
Flexible fiber-shaped lithium and sodium-ion batteries with exclusive ion transport channels and superior pseudocapacitive charge storage
Authors: Wang Yalei , Zheng Yuanchuan , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: May 2020

Tungstate/rGO fiber was engineered and fabricated for flexible lithium and sodium-ion batteries, with exclusive 2D nanofluidic ion transport channels, fast 3D interconnected ion transport tunnels, and efficient pseudocapacitive charge storage.
A simple route to fiber-shaped heterojunctioned nanocomposites for knittable high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Xing , Bai Tian , Chai Jiaqi , Zhao Xin , Ye Meidan , Lin Zhiqun , Liu Xiangyang
Published: May 2020

Fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors composed of heterojunctioned NiCo2S4@MgS nanocomposites were demonstrated and can be conveniently knitted into fabrics for wearable electronics.
Serum levels of superoxide dismutases in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Rui , Xia Bin , Wang Xinhua , Xue Mengzhou
Published: May 2020

Objective: To investigate the possible role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and recurrence events in a 1-year follow-up study.

Methods: This was a prospective one-center study. A total of 204 patients with BPPV and 120 age-and sex matched healthy subjects were included. The levels of SOD between patients and control cases were compared. The levels of SOD between posterior semicircular canal (PSC) and horizontal semicircular canal (HSC) were also compared. In the 1-year follow-up, recurrence events were confirmed. The influence of SOD levels on BPPV and recurrent BPPV were performed by binary logistic regression analysis.

Results: The serum levels of SOD in patients with BPPV were lower than in those control cases (P<0.001). Levels of SOD did not differ in patients with PSC and HSC (P=0.42). As a categorical variable, for per interquartile range (IQR) increment of serum level of SOD, the unadjusted and adjusted risks of BPPV would be decreased by 72% (with the odds ratio [OR] of 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.37], P<0.001) and 43% (0.57 [0.42–0.69], P<0.001), respectively. Recurrent attacks of BPPV were reported in 50 patients (24.5%). Patients with recurrent BPPV had lower levels of SOD than in patients without (P<0.001). For per IQR increment of serum level of SOD, the unadjusted and adjusted risks of BPPV would be decreased by 51% (with the OR of 0.49 [95% CI: 0.36–0.68], P<0.001) and 24% (0.76 [0.60–0.83], P<0.001), respectively.

Conclusion: Reduced serum levels of SOD were associated with higher risk of BPPV and BPPV recurrence events.
Extracellular matrix-related genes play an important role in the progression of NMIBC to MIBC: a bioinformatics analysis study
Authors: Zhang Heng , Shan Gang , Song Jukun , Tian Ye , An Ling-Yue , Ban Yong , Luo Guang-Heng
Published: May 2020

Bladder cancer is the 11th most common cancer in the world. Bladder cancer can be roughly divided into muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and pathways associated with the progression of NMIBC to MIBC and to further analyze its molecular mechanism and prognostic significance. We analyzed microarray data of NMIBC and MIBC gene expression datasets (GSE31684) listed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After the dataset was analyzed using R software, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of NMIBC and MIBC were identified. These DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, KOBAS-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The effect of these hub genes on the survival of bladder cancer patients was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 389 DEGs were obtained, of which 270 were up-regulated and 119 down-regulated. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in the pathway of protein digestion and absorption, extracellular matrix (ECM) receiver interaction, phantom, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, focal adhesion, NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways. Top five hub genes COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, POSTN, and COL12A1 may be involved in the development of MIBC. These results may provide us with a further understanding of the occurrence and development of MIBC, as well as new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of MIBC in the future.
Stochastic optimal control of a evolutionary p-Laplace equation with multiplicative Lévy noise
Authors: Majee Ananta K.
Published: May 2020

In this article, we are interested in an initial value optimal control problem for a evolutionary p-Laplace equation driven by multiplicative Lévy noise. We first present wellposedness of a weak solution by using an implicit time discretization of the problem, along with the Jakubowski version of the Skorokhod theorem for a non-metric space. We then formulate associated control problem, and establish existence of an optimal solution by using variational method and exploiting the convexity property of the cost functional.
Simple and robust equilibrated fluxa posterioriestimates for singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems
Authors: Smears Iain , Vohralík Martin
Published: May 2020

We consider energy norma posteriorierror analysis of conforming finite element approximations of singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems on simplicial meshes in arbitrary space dimension. Using an equilibrated flux reconstruction, the proposed estimator gives a guaranteed global upper bound on the error without unknown constants, and local efficiency robust with respect to the mesh size and singular perturbation parameters. Whereas previous works on equilibrated flux estimators only considered lowest-order finite element approximations and achieved robustness through the use of boundary-layer adapted submeshes orviacombination with residual-based estimators, the present methodology applies in a simple way to arbitrary-order approximations and does not request any submesh or estimators combination. The equilibrated flux is obtainedvialocal reaction–diffusion problems with suitable weights (cut-off factors), and the guaranteed upper bound features the same weights. We prove that the inclusion of these weights is not only sufficient but also necessary for robustness of any flux equilibration estimate that does not employ submeshes or estimators combination, which shows that some of the flux equilibrations proposed in the past cannot be robust. To achieve the fully computable upper bound, we derive explicit bounds for some inverse inequality constants on a simplex, which may be of independent interest.
COVID-19 basic reproduction number and assessment of initial suppression policies in Costa Rica
Authors: Chaves Luis Fernando , Hurtado Lisbeth A. , Rojas Melissa Ramírez , Friberg Mariel D. , Rodríguez Rodrigo Marín , Avila-Aguero María L.
Published: May 2020

SARS-COV-2 is the most recent from a series of emerging pathogens stressing national health systems. Initially restricted to Hubei province in China, COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-COV-2 has become pandemic, reaching almost every nation on our planet. Here, we present an estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number (R0) for this disease based on confirmed cases recorded during the initial 30 days of transmission. Based on local transmission data for the six initial days of transmission, we estimated (mean ± SE)R0= 2.58 ± 2.43.R0was reduced by up to 56% toR0= 1.12 ± 0.02 following suppression measures in place by April 4th, 2020. Independent estimates for the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) based on the serial interval distribution estimated for China showed that after 30 days,Rtdecreased reaching a value of 0.914 ± 0.104 on April 4th, 2020. In this study, we also describe the suppression strategies in place in Costa Rica and compare their impacts with those implemented in Panamá and Uruguay, provided these three middle-income countries have similar demographic and economic indicators. However, these three countries have structurally different health systems and have resorted to different suppression measures against COVID-19. We compare the early epidemic growth curves in the three countries using an exponential deceleration model. We found the lowest epidemic growth rate in Costa Rica, followed by Panamá and then Uruguay, while the highest deceleration was observed in Uruguay, followed by Costa Rica and Panamá. We discuss how the unified, universal healthcare system of Costa Rica has been vital to successfully manage the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic and call for the developments of precision public health tools to further improve epidemic health surveillance in Costa Rica.
Elektrokonvulsionstherapie – bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Schizophrenie wirksam und gut verträglich
Authors: Weirich Steffen , Reinhardt Martin , Buchmann Johannes , Dück Alexander , Höppner Jacqueline , Hofmockel Rainer , Grözinger Michael , Häßler Frank
Published: May 2020

Wir berichten über vier Patienten im Alter von 12 bis 17 Jahren mit schizophrenen Psychosen, zwei davon mit katatoner Symptomatik, die erfolgreich und sicher mit Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) behandelt wurden. Unter einer kombinierten Therapie aus EKT und entweder Ziprasidon oder Clozapin verbesserte sich der Zustand aller Patienten erheblich. Schweregrad und Verlauf der akuten Schizophrenie wurden mit der Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) evaluiert. Schweregrad und Verlauf der Katatonie wurden mit der Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) gemessen. Die Fälle bestätigen frühere Berichte zur Wirksamkeit, zur Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von EKT bei der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Schizophrenie.