bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Mapping of Braided Palaeochannels From Optical Images With Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Vanzani F. , Carbonneau P. , Fontana A.
Published: February 2025

The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has provided an enormous quantity of information for studying the geomorphology of exposed surfaces of alluvial plains. In many cases, the key for reconstructing their formation lies in the recognition of optical traces related to abandoned palaeochannels and their morphometric characteristics. Abundant braided palaeohydrographic traces are documented in alluvial plains of northern Italy, where large sectors of the present surface correspond to landforms related to fluvioglacial systems supplied by Alpine glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Nevertheless, the complexity of multichannel patterns, the overlapping field division systems and urbanization, hinder the efforts to manually map these traces. In this work, we used high‐resolution aerial photos of the proximal sector of the Friulian Plain (NE Italy) to train an Attention‐UNet deep learning algorithm to segment palaeohydrographic traces. The trained model was used to automatically recognize braided palaeochannels over 232 km2. The resulting map represents a significant step for investigating the long‐term alluvial dynamics. Moreover, we assessed the robustness of our method by deploying the model in three other areas in northern Italy with comparable characteristics, as well as in Montenegro, near Podgorica. In each case, the braided pattern was successfully mapped by the algorithm. This work highlights the breakthrough potential of deep learning methods to rapidly detect complex geomorphological traces in cultivated plains, taking into consideration advantages, challenges and limitations.
Characterization of the Effective Conductivity in Radio Frequency of Additive Manufacturing Materials
Authors: Bachiller Carmen , Ferrer Alvaro , Voronov Aleksandr , Capella Murta , Boscá Francisco , Marin M. Luisa , Sempere Lluc , Kunowsky Mirko , Martínez‐García Asunción
Published: February 2025

This work presents the characterization of the effective conductivity of additive manufacturing materials used for the fabrication of high‐frequency communication devices. Factors such as material type, porosity, roughness, and oxidation reduce this conductivity, leading to increased insertion loss in the manufactured devices. For characterization, an X‐band cavity resonator on a rectangular waveguide was designed, and the quality factor was measured for different implementations using various techniques and materials. Conductivity values of up to 17.70 MS/m were obtained for metalized polymeric materials and up to 6.44 MS/m for metallic alloys.
Unusual Drainages of the Americas
Authors: Sowby Robert B. , Siegel Adam C.
Published: February 2025

While most rivers and lakes follow predictable principles of hydrology and geology, a few seem to defy the rules. Some rivers diverge rather than converge; some rivers flow in two directions; some lakes have not one but two outlets; some watersheds have ambiguous boundaries. The scientific literature on these exceptions is sparse, scattered, and, in some cases, conflicting. We provide an authoritative review of nine unusual natural drainages in North and South America, including river bifurcations and bifurcation lakes: Casiquiare River, Arroyo Partido, Wayambo River, Atchafalaya River, North Two Ocean Creek, Divide Creek, Committee's Punch Bowl, Echimamish River, and Wollaston Lake. Most instances are found on flatlands and saddles. Some watershed boundaries are still unresolved or even dynamic, suggesting river formation in progress. We discuss the exploration, geophysical settings, morphology, hydrology, ecology, use, and management of these extraordinary drainages, along with implications for hydrologic modeling.
General movement assessments in neonates born with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies: a single site, retrospective study
Authors: Soumekh Lisa , Bell Samantha , Espinosa Sandra L. , Grogan Tristan , Kesavan Kalpashri , Calkins Kara L.
Published: February 2025

Objective

We aimed to characterize general movements in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies and to compare them to general movements in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study design

This was a retrospective, single-site study. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with gastrointestinal (GI) anomalies and ELBW infants (birth weight <1 kg). The primary outcome was general movement assessments.

Result

Ninety-six infants were included (n = 51, GI group and n = 45, ELBW group). The rates of abnormal general movements between the groups were comparable (writhing movements: 61% vs. 59%, p = 0.89; fidgety movements: 20% vs. 36%, p = 0.13). Writhing movements were different (100% poor repertoire, 0% cramped synchronous in the GI group vs. 50% poor repertoire and 50% cramped synchronous in the ELBW group, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Infants with gastrointestinal anomalies are at risk for abnormal general movements. Abnormal fidgety general movements may be an early biomarker for future motor deficits.
Invasion and metastasis in cancer: molecular insights and therapeutic targets
Authors: Li Yongxing , Liu Fengshuo , Cai Qingjin , Deng Lijun , Ouyang Qin , Zhang Xiang H.-F. , Zheng Ji
Published: February 2025

The progression of malignant tumors leads to the development of secondary tumors in various organs, including bones, the brain, liver, and lungs. This metastatic process severely impacts the prognosis of patients, significantly affecting their quality of life and survival rates. Research efforts have consistently focused on the intricate mechanisms underlying this process and the corresponding clinical management strategies. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the biological foundations of tumor metastasis, identification of pivotal signaling pathways, and systematic evaluation of existing and emerging therapeutic strategies are paramount to enhancing the overall diagnostic and treatment capabilities for metastatic tumors. However, current research is primarily focused on metastasis within specific cancer types, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the complex metastatic cascade, organ-specific tropism mechanisms, and the development of targeted treatments. In this study, we examine the sequential processes of tumor metastasis, elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving organ-tropic metastasis, and systematically analyze therapeutic strategies for metastatic tumors, including those tailored to specific organ involvement. Subsequently, we synthesize the most recent advances in emerging therapeutic technologies for tumor metastasis and analyze the challenges and opportunities encountered in clinical research pertaining to bone metastasis. Our objective is to offer insights that can inform future research and clinical practice in this crucial field.
Cardiomyocyte-restricted MIAT deletion is sufficient to protect against murine myocardial infarction
Authors: Hayasaka Taiki , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Sepúlveda Marisa N. , Teoh Jian-peng , Moukette Bruno , Aonuma Tatsuya , Madhur Meena S. , Desai Ankit A. , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Conway Simon J. , Kim Il-man
Published: February 2025

Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), an intergenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is conserved between rodents and humans and is directly linked to maladaptive cardiac remodeling in both patients and mouse models with various forms of heart failure (HF). We previously reported attenuation of cardiac stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI) with global MIAT ablation. Our transcriptomic profiling and mechanistic studies further revealed MIAT-induced activation of maladaptive genes, such as Hoxa4, Fmo2, Lrrn4, Marveld3, and Fat4. However, the source of MIAT and its contribution to MI and HF remain unknown. In this study, we generate a novel cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific MIAT conditional knockout mouse model, which exhibits improved cardiac function after MI. We further report that CM-specific MIAT ablation is sufficient to reduce cardiac damage, apoptosis, and fibrosis following chronic MI. Mechanistically, CM-specific MIAT deletion in mice leads to decreased expression of proapoptotic and pathological profibrotic genes, such as p53, Bak1, Col3a1, Col6a1, Postn, and Snail1 after chronic MI. These results enable us to begin to dissect cell-specific contributions to MIAT signaling and bolster the idea that MIAT plays a direct pathological role in CMs after MI.
Exome-based cancer predisposition gene testing can provide a genetic diagnosis for individuals with heterogeneous tumor phenotypes
Authors: Hinić Snežana , Mensenkamp Arjen R. , Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Janneke H. M. , Brugnoletti Fulvia , Vreede Lilian , van Veen Elke M. , Mijzen Barend , van der Post Rachel S. , Genuardi Maurizio , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , de Voer Richarda M.
Published: February 2025

The development of multiple primary tumors is one of the hallmarks of hereditary cancer. The phenotypic presentation of individuals with multiple primary tumors is often heterogeneous, which hampers the establishment of a genetic diagnosis. The absence of a genetic diagnosis may lead to inappropriate surveillance advices and treatment choices. The aim of this study was to investigate whether whole-exome sequencing (WES) and variant prioritization in all genes associated with cancer predisposition can identify pathogenic variants that explain the phenotypes of individuals who developed multiple primary tumors. Here, we report the findings of exome-based cancer predisposition gene testing in individuals (n = 72) who presented with multiple primary tumors (both malignant and benign) before the age of 65 years. Overall, a germline pathogenic variant (gPV) in a cancer predisposing gene was identified in 9.7% of individuals (CHEK2, FANCM, NF1, POT1 and PTEN) and a candidate variant in 4.2% of individuals (HOXB13, MAX and RECQL4). Furthermore, by analyzing variants that occur in genes in cancer-associated pathways, we identified a candidate gene (RECQL5) for further follow-up. In conclusion, our study indicates that exome-based cancer predisposition gene testing may aid in the identification of pathogenic variants in individuals who developed multiple primary tumors. Our findings demonstrate that individuals with gPVs in genes associated with cancer predisposition may present with a broad tumor spectrum.
Increasingly efficient chromatin binding of cohesin and CTCF supports chromatin architecture formation during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Coßmann Jonas , Kos Pavel I. , Varamogianni-Mamatsi Vassiliki , Assenheimer Devin S. , Bischof Tobias A. , Kuhn Timo , Vomhof Thomas , Papantonis Argyris , Giorgetti Luca , Gebhardt J. Christof M.
Published: February 2025

The three-dimensional folding of chromosomes is essential for nuclear functions such as DNA replication and gene regulation. The emergence of chromatin architecture is thus an important process during embryogenesis. To shed light on the molecular and kinetic underpinnings of chromatin architecture formation, we characterized biophysical properties of cohesin and CTCF binding to chromatin and their changes upon cofactor depletion using single-molecule imaging in live developing zebrafish embryos. We found that chromatin-bound fractions of both cohesin and CTCF increased significantly between the 1000-cell and shield stages, which we could explain through changes in both their association and dissociation rates. Moreover, increasing binding of cohesin restricted chromatin motion, potentially via loop extrusion, and showed distinct stage-dependent nuclear distribution. Polymer simulations with experimentally derived parameters recapitulated the experimentally observed gradual emergence of chromatin architecture. Our findings reveal molecular kinetics underlying chromatin architecture formation during zebrafish embryogenesis.
Crystal symmetry modification enables high-ranged in-plane thermoelectric performance in n-type SnSe crystals
Authors: Shi Haonan , Wen Yi , Bai Shulin , Chang Cheng , Su Lizhong , Gao Tian , Liu Shibo , Liu Dongrui , Qin Bingchao , Qin Yongxin , Liang Huiqiang , Qian Xin , Hou Zhenghao , Gao Xiang , Zhou Tianhang , Tan Qing , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: February 2025

SnSe crystal has witnessed significant advancements as a promising thermoelectric material over the past decade. Its in-plane direction shows robust mechanical strength for practical thermoelectric applications. Herein, we optimize the in-plane thermoelectric performance of n-type SnSe by crystal symmetry modification. In particular, we find that Te and Mo alloying continuously enhances the crystal symmetry, thereby increasing the carrier mobility to ~ 422 cm2 V−1 s−1. Simultaneously, the conduction bands converge with the symmetry modification, further improving the electrical transport. Additionally, the lattice thermal conductivity is limited to ~ 1.1 W m−1 K−1 due to the softness of both acoustic and optical branches. Consequently, we achieve a power factor of ~ 28 μW cm−1 K−2 and ZT of ~ 0.6 in n-type SnSe at 300 K. The average ZT reaches ~ 0.89 at 300−723 K. The single-leg device based on the obtained n-type SnSe shows a remarkable efficiency of ~ 5.3% under the ΔT of ~ 300 K, which is the highest reported in n-type SnSe. This work demonstrates the substantial potential of SnSe for practical applications of power generation and waste heat recovery.
Trends in low global warming potential inhaler prescribing: A UK-wide cohort comparison from 2018–2024
Authors: Barry Simon M. , Davies Gareth R. , Forton Julian , Williams Sarah , Thomas Richard , Paxton Paul , Moore Grace , Davies Chris R.
Published: February 2025

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis comparing trends in low global warming potential (GWP) inhaler prescribing in primary care in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland between 2018 and 2024 using national prescribing data. There was little change in England, a reduction from 36.6–31.0% in Scotland, a reduction from 36.7–33.2% in Northern Ireland, and an increase from 30.8–41.1% in Wales. Only in Wales was there a simultaneous reduction in high GWP inhalers and an increase in low GWP inhalers. Over the time period of the study there has been a saving of 20,303 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in Wales.
Grover’s algorithm in a four-qubit silicon processor above the fault-tolerant threshold
Authors: Thorvaldson I. , Poulos D. , Moehle C. M. , Misha S. H. , Edlbauer H. , Reiner J. , Geng H. , Voisin B. , Jones M. T. , Donnelly M. B. , Peña L. F. , Hill C. D. , Myers C. R. , Keizer J. G. , Chung Y. , Gorman S. K. , Kranz L. , Simmons M. Y.
Published: February 2025

Spin qubits in silicon are strong contenders for the realization of a practical quantum computer, having demonstrated single- and two-qubit gates with fidelities above the fault-tolerant threshold, and entanglement of three qubits. However, maintaining high-fidelity operations while increasing the qubit count remains challenging and therefore only two-qubit algorithms have been executed. Here we utilize a four-qubit silicon processor with all control fidelities above the fault-tolerant threshold and demonstrate a three-qubit Grover’s search algorithm with a ~95% probability of finding the marked state. Our processor is made of three phosphorus atoms precision-patterned into isotopically pure silicon, which localise one electron. The long coherence times of the qubits enable single-qubit fidelities above 99.9% for all qubits. Moreover, the efficient single-pulse multi-qubit operations enabled by the electron–nuclear hyperfine interaction facilitate controlled-Z gates between all pairs of nuclear spins with fidelities above 99% when using the electron as an ancilla. These control fidelities, combined with high-fidelity non-demolition readout of all nuclear spins, allow the creation of a three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with 96.2% fidelity. Looking ahead, coupling neighbouring nuclear spin registers, as the one shown here, via electron–electron exchange may enable larger, fault-tolerant quantum processors.
Predictive roles of Asprosin and Gremlin-1 expression in Egyptian pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Abas Al-shimaa M. , Esawy Marwa M. , Kamel Fatma , Ali Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (insulin-dependent) (T1DM) is characterized by the selective destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta. Asprosin and Gremlin-1 may have roles in T1DM, however these roles are not fully established. The expression of Asprosin and Gremlin-1 genes and their protein levels, was considerably higher in T1DM patients’ blood compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve of 50 age- and sex-matched control persons was compared to that of serum T1DM patients. Gremlin-1 and Asprosin serum quantities were measured by ELISA, and real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of their genes in peripheral blood. Serum Asprosin concentration, Asprosin expression, serum Gremlin-1 concentration, and Gremlin-1 expression were 0.87, 0.997, 0.912, and 0.949, respectively. The Asprosin expression was the best marker for T1DM diagnosis with 96% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 94% accuracy. Asprosin expression can significantly increase the risk of T1DM by 276 folds, followed by Gremlin-1 expression by 84.33 folds. The best diagnostic for T1DM diagnosis was Asprosin expression, which had 96% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 94% accuracy. The risk of type 1 diabetes can be raised by 276 times when asprosin expression is present, and by 84.33 times when Gremlin-1 expression is present.
Enabling solid sample analysis in liquid spectrophotometers with a 3D-printed cuvette
Authors: Doumani Jacques , Mansfield Henry , Baydin Andrey , Sasmal Somesh , El Tahchi Mario , Gao Weilu , Kono Junichiro
Published: February 2025

Most commercial systems for ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS), Fourier-transform infrared, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopies are designed for measurement of liquid samples. Moreover, adapters enabling the measurement of solid samples are expensive or unavailable for most commercial instruments. Consequently, there is a significant need for solid sample adapters that enable measurement of both liquid and solid samples with a single system. Here, we report two versions of a solid sample adapter cuvette that can be used in most commercial spectroscopy instruments designed for transmission measurement of liquid samples. One version is designed for techniques that do not require changing the sample orientation, and the other allows easy sample rotation. We successfully fabricated these cuvettes by 3D printing with both fused deposition modeling and stereolithography and demonstrated how they enable us to study the optical properties of macroscopic films of aligned carbon nanotubes by performing UV–VIS and CD spectroscopy measurements with the cuvettes. These 3D printed cuvettes and their implementation will help enable a wide range of experiments at a low cost.
Label free quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the physiological and biochemical responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to cinnamon essential oil
Authors: Kaab Sofiene Ben , Martin Manon , Degand Hervé , Foncoux Bérénice , Morsomme Pierre , Jijakli M. Haissam
Published: February 2025

The increasing use of synthetic chemical herbicides has resulted in environmental, human and animal health issues. This has also led to the development of herbicide resistance in weed populations. The use of essential oils (EOs) can contribute to the development of effective, eco-friendly and nature-based alternatives to these chemical products due to their phytotoxicity and multisite action. Our study aimed to evaluate the proteomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) leaves to the application of a cinnamon essential oil (CEO) emulsion. The results showed that the application of CEO emulsion at a concentration of 6% severely impacted the proteomic profile of A. thaliana, especially for membrane proteins and those involved in the photosynthesis process. Interestingly, 40 proteins were identified and listed as the most differentially accumulated proteins in the leaves of A. thaliana. CEO decreased the expression of all the proteins associated with catabolism and anabolism processes while simultaneously increasing the expression levels of proteins involved in the response to oxidative stress. Overall, these findings allowed us to obtain a global view of the proteome response to CEO, opening promising perspectives for the development of natural herbicides, especially given the low probability of developing resistant weed populations.
In vivo and in silico studies on the potential role of garden cress oil in attenuating methotrexate-induced inflammation and apoptosis in liver
Authors: Mabrouk Dalia M. , El-Akad Radwa H. , Afifi Ahmed H. , Sharaf Hafiza A. , El-Sharkawy Sonia L. , El makawy Aida I.
Published: February 2025

Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in high doses for cancer therapy and low doses for autoimmune diseases. It is proven that methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity occurs even at relatively low doses. It is known that garden cress has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. This study investigates the potential alleviating effect of garden cress oil (GCO) against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The chemical composition of GCO was assessed using GC/MS analysis. Liver damage was studied using hepatotoxicity biomarkers, molecular, and histological analysis. Also, the effects of GCO on TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins were evaluated through molecular docking studies. The results demonstrated that MTX caused liver damage, as seen by elevated levels of the liver enzymes ALT, AST, and ALP. Likewise, MTX showed clear signs of apoptosis, such as increased mRNA expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, and P53, and increased liver inflammation indicated by higher levels of TNF-α expression. MTX exhibited significant liver damage, as demonstrated by histological examination. Treatment with GCO effectively alleviated the apoptotic effects of MTX, provided protection against inflammation, and restored histological alterations. GC/MS metabolite profiling of garden cress oil revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents, including tocopherols, erucic acid, sesamolin, linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid, that showed strong binding affinities toward TNF-α and caspase-3 proteins in molecular docking studies, which could explain the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory potential of GCO.
A real-world based study for immunogenicity and safety for three immunization schedules of polio vaccine
Authors: Sun Li , Wang Shi-fan , Zhu Yi-qing , Wang Ya-fei , Zhang Jun-mian , Wang Jing-hui , Cong Yan-li , Li Jing , Liu Xiao-qin , Han Sha-sha , Guo Yu , Li Qi
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the immunogencity and safety for three immunization schedules of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) for providing a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule. To obtain immunogenicity data and to active surveillance the occurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), healthy infants ≥ 2 months of age were randomly chosen in Hebei Province, and were divided into three groups to be vaccinated with IPV-bOPV-bOPV(Group a), IPV-IPV-bOPV(Group b) and IPV-IPV-IPV(Group c) at 2, 3 and 4 months of age respectively. AEFI cases related to poliomyelitis vaccines in Hebei province by passive surveillance from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were obtained from national adverse event following immunization surveillance system (NAEFISS). After basic immunization with polio vaccine, the positive conversion rate of neutralizing antibodies of types I, II and III were all > 97.00% and the positive rates were all > 98.00%, the geometric mean titer (GMT) was significantly higher than that before basic immunization, the GMT level of neutralizing poliovirus antibody after basic immunization was the highest in type I, followed by type III, and the lowest in type II. A total of 16 AEFI cases (2.52%) were reported by active surveillance, and 2903 AEFI cases (1.40%) were reported by passive surveillance. AEFI reported by both monitoring modalities were dominated by fever of common vaccine reactions. No rare serious adverse reactions like VAPP etc. were monitored and the overall regression was positive. All three immunization schedules for polio vaccine have demonstrated good immunogenicity and safety when administered to healthy populations.
Beyond boundaries a hybrid cellular potts and particle swarm optimization model for energy and latency optimization in edge computing
Authors: Sahu Dinesh , Nidhi  , Prakash Shiv , Sinha Priyanshu , Yang Tiansheng , Rathore Rajkumar Singh , Wang Lu
Published: February 2025

The need to compute data in real-time and manage resources in environments with distributed computing has given edge computing significant importance. However, one of the most critical tasks regarding resources has been to schedule and optimize them in accordance with energy consumption and delay time. These challenges has been addressed in this paper with the introduction of a new integrated method that assumes the Cellular Potts Model and Particle Swarm Optimization. The Cellular Potts Model is used to capture local interaction and dependencies of resources, while PSO acts as a global optimizer for scheduling reducing latency and energy consumption. Based on these considerations, the primary research goal of this work is to mitigate the QoS requirements like energy consumption and end-to-end delay using CPM—spatial modeling complemented by PSO - the global optimization. Based on experimental analysis, the authors of the paper argue that the newly proposed Hybrid model consumes less energy and has less processing time than Round-Robin, Random Offloading, and Threshold-Based techniques. In addition, the approach achieves higher scalability and can perform a large of tasks and edge nodes with a high QoS while working in a resource-limited environment. This paper contributes to presenting the integration procedure of the CPM’s local optimization with the PSO’s global search, which offers high-performance and real-time solutions for resource scheduling in the edge computing environment. The results presented in the paper show that the proposed hybrid CPM-PSO model can offer greater potential as a tool for energy-constrained and time-sensitive applications within the future development of edge computing.
Detection and molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in asymptomatic animals in southeastern Iran
Authors: Hatam-Nahavandi Kareem , Mohammad Rahimi Hanieh , Rezaeian Mostafa , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Badri Milad , Mirjalali Hamed
Published: February 2025

Domestic animals can harbor a variety of enteric unicellular eukaryotic parasites (EUEP) with zoonotic potential that pose risks to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and genetic diversity of EUEP of zoonotic relevance in domestic animals in Iran. Faecal samples were collected from cattle, sheep, camels, goats, donkeys, horse, and dogs. A real-time PCR was performed to detect the parasites, followed by sequence-based genotyping analyses on isolates that tested positive for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp.. Overall, 53 out of 200 faecal samples (26.5%, 95% CI 20.5–33.2) were positive for one or more EUEP. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found in 23.8%, 12.0%, 26.1%, and 13.3% of cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, respectively. Giardia duodenalis was identified in 19.3% of cattle and 6.7% of camels. Blastocystis sp. was detected in 5.7% of cattle and 16.7% of camels. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes macaque1, J, BEB6, and CHG3 were identified in 3.7% (1/27), 3.7% (1/27), 44.4% (12/27), and 48.2% (13/27) of the isolates, respectively. Giardia duodenalis assemblage B and Blastocystis subtype 10 were identified in one cattle and one camel isolate, respectively. These findings suggest that domestic animals could serve as potential reservoirs for EUEP of zoonotic relevance and might play a significant role in transmitting these parasites to humans and other animals.
A network outcome analysis of psychological risk factors driving suicide risk in emergency department patients
Authors: Freichel René , Nock Matthew K. , O’Shea Brian A.
Published: February 2025

Different theories of suicide propose somewhat different psychological factors that lead to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. For example, Beck’s theory highlights hopelessness, while the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide emphasizes burdensomeness, lack of belonging and fearlessness about death. Surprisingly, few studies have tested which theoretically proposed psychological factors are most predictive of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We used network outcome analysis to disentangle the effects of these constructs in predicting suicidal ideation, suicide plans and attempts. Participants were 1,412 patients presenting to an emergency department with psychiatric complaints, with follow-up assessments one month and six months (n = 938) later. Here we showed that different psychological factors predicted different parts of the continuum of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Lack of belongingness was most predictive of suicidal ideation (partial correlation (pcor) = 0.14), acquired capability for death (that is, fearlessness of death) was most predictive of suicide planning (pcor = 0.08), and hopelessness was most predictive of suicide attempts (pcor = 0.12). Individuals’ explicit associations with death (that is, death = me) prospectively predicted all three outcomes (pcor = 0.13–0.23). The occurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors is best predicted using constructs from several different theories of suicide. Future theoretical and empirical work should integrate components of existing theories.
Lanatoside C activates the E3 ligase STUB1 to inhibit FOXP3 transcriptional activity and promote antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhou Qian , Yang Tong , Yu Xixi , Li Bo , Liu Jin , Mao Yongxin , Guo Rongxiang , Feng Zhuo , Zhou Li , Zeng Guandi , Li Nan , Liang Jinxia , Liu Lu , Feng Pengju , Shu Hong-Bing , Chen Liang
Published: February 2025

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in inhibiting antitumor immunity, which is dependent on FOXP3-mediated transcriptional activity. However, no Treg-specific therapeutics has been approved for clinical use. We performed a high-throughput screen of FDA-approved drugs for potential inhibitors of FOXP3 transcriptional activity. These efforts identified Lanatoside C (Lac), which potently inhibits FOXP3 activity by causing degradation of RUNX1, a FOXP3-associated component required for its transcriptional activity. Lac directly binds the E3 ligase STUB1, leading to increased polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RUNX1. Lac inhibits Tregs activity and promotes antitumor immunity in a mouse primary lung cancer model. In addition, Lac synergizes with PD-1 inhibitor to shrink lung cancers driven by mutant KRAS in a mouse model. Our findings suggested that the FDA-approved Lac is a Tregs inhibitor and serves as a candidate drug for cancer patients by its own or in combination with existing therapeutics such as PD-1 inhibitors.
Rapid and accurate detection of huanglongbing in citrus by elasticity testing using a piezoelectric finger
Authors: Rao Pawan , Huang Shu , Armstrong Cheryl M. , Capobianco Joseph , Duan YongPing , Shih Wei-Heng , Shih Wan Y.
Published: February 2025

Rapid and sensitive detection of citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is critical for the control of this devastating disease.
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of polyethyleneimine-modified polydopamine nanoparticles on a burn-injured skin model
Authors: Sakib Sadman , Andoy Nesha May O. , Yang Jessica Y. C. , Galang Anna , Sullan Ruby May A. , Zou Shan
Published: February 2025

PDNP–PEI targets S. epidermidis in planktonic and biofilm forms, enabling laser-activated eradication, while in a 3D burn model, it reduces inflammatory cytokines, scavenges ROS, and promotes healing.
Atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral pyrrolylamides by combined-acid catalytic Paal-Knorr reaction
Authors: Chen Zhihuang , Chen Qi , Tu Guogang , Xiong Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

A general and efficient method for construction of enantiomerically pure N-N axially chiral pyrrolylamides by utilizing the catalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction has been developed. A wide range of N-N pyrrolylamides...
Expanded ensemble predictions of toluene–water partition coefficients in the SAMPL9 LogP challenge
Authors: Goold Steven , Raddi Robert M. , Voelz Vincent
Published: February 2025

The logarithm of the partition coefficient (logP) between water and a nonpolar solvent is useful for characterizing a small molecule's hydrophobicity. For example, the water–octanol logP is often used as...
A microstructural electrochemo-mechanical model of high-nickel composite electrodes towards digital twins to bridge the particle and electrode-level characterizations
Authors: Song Jihun , Ihuaenyi Royal C. , Lim Jaejin , Wang Zihan , Li Wei , Fang Ruqing , Ghamsari Amin Kazem , Xu Hongyi , Lee Yong Min , Zhu Juner
Published: February 2025

We developed a model that considers all components of a composite electrode. It integrates particle- and electrode-level behavior and enables simulation of the mechanical behavior of polymeric binders, which is critical for battery degradation.
A bio-inspired approach to engineering water-responsive, mechanically-adaptive materials
Authors: Jang Daseul , Wong Yu-Tai , Korley LaShanda T. J.
Published: February 2025

This paper highlights a bioinspired approach to engineering water-responsive materials via a diverse array of self-assembled nanostructures.
Fluorescent surface-grafted block copolymer brushes obtained in a versatile post-polymerization approach
Authors: Wieczorek Piotr , Kuciel Tomasz , Uchacz Tomasz , Zapotoczny Szczepan
Published: February 2025

Fabrication of block copolymer brushes via surface-initiated ATRP followed by coupling of dyes and extension of the chains due to preservation of active chain ends is reported. Efficient fluorescence of homogenously distributed dyes is observed.
Mechanism study of a novel modified mesoporous silicon-based NiT50/MCM-41 adsorbent for the selective adsorption of methylene blue from water
Authors: Luo Baojuan , Zhang Menghan , Zhou Nana , Fu Yongxin , Ma Xiaoxun , Dai Chengyi
Published: February 2025

In this study, a new silica-based adsorbent strategy was developed to achieve a high adsorption capacity and high MB adsorption selectivity by impregnating a cationic [Ni(tepa)]2+ complex on a negatively charged silicon carrier, MCM-41.
Defect dynamics in cholesterics: beyond the Peach–Koehler force
Authors: Pollard Joseph , Morris Richard G.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the behaviour of disclination lines in chiral liquid crystals. We observe different behaviour from what is expected in an achiral material, and analyse this using methods from contact topology.
A low-cost biocompatible and biodegradable multipurpose resistive ink for monitoring biological systems
Authors: Kompa Akshayakumar , Ravindran Revathi , Hao Jianyu , Fernandez Javier G.
Published: February 2025

Low-cost, water-soluble, biocompatible, and biodegradable chitosan–carbon black composite ink for versatile strain sensors. The ink's applications include health monitoring, wearable electronics, and environmental sensing.
Melt electrowriting of bioglass-laden poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: de Carvalho Ana Beatriz Gomes , Cardoso Lais Medeiros , Anselmi Caroline , Dal-Fabbro Renan , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Saavedra Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni , Bottino Marco C.
Published: February 2025

58S-Bioactive glass-laden melt electrowritten polymeric scaffolds led to a significant increase in mineral nodule deposition and two-fold immunolabeling of angiogenic markers, positioning them as promising scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Compact CLIP Model: Predicting Spectral Properties of AgNCs Using DNA Template
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Huiting , Liu Xin , Zhang Xiaokang , Cui Shuang , Yao Yao , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2025

DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are a promising class of fluorescent nanomaterials synthesized using DNA as a template . These nanomaterials exhibit high quantum, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable fluorescence properties. Their...
Green DES-mediated preparation of the rose-shaped S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33)/TiO2 to boost antibiotics degradation
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyun , Hu Yongjiao , Wang Lijia , Wang Xuhua , Zhao Yingqiang , Zhang Qikun , Hao Pin , Wang Qian
Published: February 2025

The novel rose-shaped S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33)/TiO2 is successfully prepared by a green DES-mediated strategy and remarkably promotes the efficiency for antibiotics degradation and water splitting into hydrogen.
Towards detection of molecular parity violation via chiral co-sensing: the 1H/31P model system
Authors: Van Dyke Erik , Eills James , Sheberstov Kirill , Blanchard John , Wagner Manfred , Wedenig Andrés Emilio , Gaul Konstantin , Berger Robert , Kargin Denis , Pietschnig Rudolf , Barskiy Danila A. , Budker Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Fundamental weak interactions have been shown to violate parity in both nuclear and atomic systems. However, observation of parity violation in a molecular system has proven an elusive target. Nuclear...
Kinetic and Process Modeling of Guerbet Coupling Chemistry over Cu-Mg-Al Mixed Oxides
Authors: Chavarrio Javier E. , Markowitsch Christoph , Votava Erick , Lehner Markus , Huber George W.
Published: February 2025

In this paper we demonstrate the process chemistry for conversion of ethanol into C6+ alcohols that can then be converted into diesel fuel ethers. Ethers generated from the dehydration of...
Synthesis of lanthanum phosphate–carbon nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method and their application for lead ion removal
Authors: Enferadi Sara , Moradi Mina , Alkinani Alaa , Moradi Hassanali , Gheibi Mohammad , Eftekhari Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Phytic acid and tannic acid were used as green reagents for the synthesis of LaPO4 NPs as an efficient adsorbent for lead ion decontamination.
Inch-sized single crystals of radiation-sensitive copper-based hybrid perovskites for direct X-ray detection
Authors: Lv Yicong , Lin Xiantan , Wu Fafa , Yue Zengshan , Zhang Fen , Li Xiaoqi , Wei Qingyin , Li Kai , Wang Qianxi , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao
Published: February 2025

Metal halide perovskites, particularly lead-based compounds, manifest great potential in X-ray detection due to their exceptional light absorption coefficients, superior carrier mobility and cost-effective preparation methods.
Chemically Pre-Lithiated/Sodiated Reduced Graphene Oxide-Antimony Oxide Composites for High-Rate Capability and Long-Term Cycling Stability in Lithium and Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Minseop , Kim Gi-Chan , Paek Seung-Min
Published: February 2025

Utilizing ultrasonication and microwave irradiation processes, we present a straightforward synthetic route to microwave-irradiated reduced graphene oxide (MrGO)-antimony oxides (Sb2O3) composites used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and...
Correction: Influence of shape on crystal structure and optical properties of heterocyclic conjugated molecules
Authors: Guzmán Elisa , Yan Yu , Müller Peter , Amengual Justin , Liu Chung-Hao , Nieh Mu-Ping , Thomas, III Samuel W.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Influence of shape on crystal structure and optical properties of heterocyclic conjugated molecules’ by Elisa Guzmán et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2025, 13, 954–962, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC03509G.
LET‐NLM‐Decoder: A WFST‐based asynchronous lazy‐evaluation token‐group decoder for first‐pass neural language model decoding
Authors: Li Fangyi , Lv Hang , Wang Yiming , Xie Lei
Published: February 2025

Neural language models (NLMs) have been shown to outperform n‐gram language models in automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. NLMs are usually used in the second‐pass lattice rescoring rather than the first‐pass decoding, since its encoded infinite history virtually cannot be compiled into static decoding graphs. However, the modeling power of NLMs is not fully leveraged due to the constraints imposed by the lattice, leading to accuracy loss. To improve this, on‐the‐fly composition decoders were proposed to utilize NLMs in first‐pass decoding with increased computational cost. In this paper, an asynchronous lazy‐evaluation token‐group decoder with exact lattice generation is proposed to reduce the computational cost of the on‐the‐fly composition decoder, achieving significant decoding speedup. More specifically, having a novel token‐group with a representative element data structure, the proposed decoder performs lazy‐evaluation which expands the tokens until a word boundary is reached. Furthermore, based on the score of the representative element in a token‐group, the decoder prunes unpromising tokens by an A* algorithm. The experiments show that the proposed decoder can accelerate the vanilla on‐the‐fly composition decoder by up to 6.9 times, and get paths with even better average likelihoods than lattice rescoring approaches.
Formation of amphibole-chlorite schists in shear zones during exhumation of metagabbros (Marine de Giottani, Alpine Corsica, France): rheological implications.
Authors: Cenki Bénédicte , Oliot Emilien , Gueydan Frédéric , Nègre Lucille , Alberto Padrón-Navarta José
Published: February 2025

Alpine deformation in the meta-ophiolitic Morteda-Farinole nappe of the Lower Oceanic Unit of Corsica occurs under greenschist facies conditions. It is notably characterized by a series of meter-scale shear zones in metagabbros. These ductile faults are cm- to dm- in width and are composed of amphibole ± chlorite schists. This occurrence offers a unique opportunity to study mechanisms of low-grade shear zone formation, extensive fluid/rock interaction and weakening processes controlled by mineralogical changes in the metamorphosed oceanic crust in the shallow part of a subduction system. A detailed sampling of undeformed metagabbros, protomylonitic metagabbros, as well as schistose mylonites allows tackling several finite strain states that involved rare occurrence of serpentinite clasts within the fault zones. Petrological observations combined with thermodynamic and geochemical modelling indicate that the metagabbro to amphibole-chlorite schist transformation involved mass transfer and occurred under open-system and water-saturated conditions. The main chemical features of this metasomatic process are significant gains in MgO, H2O and Fe2O3 accompanied by an almost complete loss in Na2O. Deciphering softening processes controlled by the transformation of metagabbros into low-grade schistose rocks are of major importance to understand the seismogenic behavior of the mafic crust during subduction.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Maximizing Tensile Strength in 3D-Printed ASTM Specimens: A Comparative Study of Black PLA and Carbon PLA
Authors: Singh Devesh , Verma Ajay
Published: February 2025

The increasing need for additive manufacturing technologies generally Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) demands parameter optimization strategies for producing better mechanical components. The study evaluated the tensile strength between ASTM standard specimens constructed utilizing black PLA and carbon PLA filament materials. The authors used regression methods to establish mathematical models that optimized FDM process parameters for maximizing tensile strength levels. Testing confirmed carbon PLA exhibits superior tensile strength than black PLA. The researchestablished optimized input parameter range succeeded in producing optimal tensile strength measurements. The discovered results create essential comprehension for bettering FDM-printed parts performance by selecting materials alongside process parameter optimization.
On Nanowire Morphological Instability and Pinch-Off by Surface Electromigration
Authors: Khenner Mikhail
Published: February 2025

Surface diffusion and surface electromigration may lead to a morphological instability of thin solid films and nanowires. In this paper two nonlinear analyses of a morphological instability are developed for a single-crystal cylindrical nanowire that is subjected to an axial current. These treatments extend the conventional linear stability analyses without surface electromigration, that manifest a Rayleigh-Plateau instability. A weakly nonlinear analysis is done slightly above the Rayleigh-Plateau (longwave) instability threshold. It results in a one-dimensional Sivashinsky amplitude equation that describes a blow-up of a surface perturbation amplitude in a finite time. This is a signature of a pinching singularity of a cylinder radius, which leads to a wire separation into a disjoint segments. The time- and electric field-dependent dimensions of the focusing self-similar amplitude profile approaching a blow-up are characterized via the scaling analysis. Also, a weakly nonlinear multi-scale analysis is done at the arbitrary distance above a longwave or a shortwave instability threshold. The time- and electric field-dependent Fourier amplitudes of the major instability modes are derived and characterized.
Therapeutic options in rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy
Authors: Moya Daniel , Rashid Mustafa , Rowinski Sergio , Al-Qahtani Saad , Bernáldez Domínguez Pedro , Gómez Diego , Dallo Ignacio
Published: February 2025

There are many variables that influence the decision-making process in the treatment of rotator cuff calcifications. The stage of the deposit, prognostic factors, previous failed treatments, pain level, and functional disability must all be considered. The tendency for spontaneous resolution is an important reason to always exhaust conservative treatment, being non-invasive options the first line of treatment. The emergence of focused shock wave therapy offered a powerful tool for the non-invasive management of rotator cuff calcifications. High-energy focused shock waves have a high degree of recommendation for the treatment of rotator cuff calcifications, supported by meta-analyses and systematic reviews. If non-invasive techniques fail, there is the possibility of moving to a minimally invasive procedure such as ultrasound-guided barbotage. Finally, classic invasive techniques are also a frequent indication, including open surgery and arthroscopy. As each treatment has advantages and disadvantages, the most advisable strategy is to progress from the least invasive therapeutic methods to the most invasive ones without losing sight of the clinical stage of the disease and the general context of each patient.