bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicokinetic model of the pyrethroid pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin, main exposure route and dose reconstruction predictions in agricultural workers
Authors: Côté Jonathan , Bouchard Michèle
Published: October 2024

A toxicokinetic model of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) was developed to relate absorbed doses to urinary cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) metabolite levels used as a biomarker of exposure. The model then served to reconstruct absorbed doses in agricultural workers and their probability of exceeding the EFSA Acceptable occupational Exposure Level (AOEL). The toxicokinetic model was able to reproduce the temporal profiles of CFMP in the urine of operators spraying pesticides using the optimized model parameters (adjusted to human volunteer data). Modeling also showed that simulation of an inadvertent oral exposure mainly was the exposure scenario giving the best fit to CFMP urinary time-course data in applicators. With the dermal model parameters optimized from data in volunteers, simulation of a dermal exposure in applicators did not allow to reproduce the observed peak excretions and urinary metabolite levels; extremely high applied dermal doses would be required but still simulated dermal penetration rate would remain too slow. Simulation of an inhalation exposure allowed to reproduce the observed time-courses, but with unrealistic air concentrations. For applicators with the highest urinary concentrations, there was a probability of exceeding the AOEL at some points during the biomonitoring period [>50% probability of exceeding for 27% of 24-h samples]; for non-applicator workers the probability of exceeding the AOEL value was very low [corresponding value of 5%]. Furthermore, the median [95% CI] estimates of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations led to a biological reference value corresponding to the AOEL of 116 [113–119] ng/kg bw/d and 7.5 [7.3–7.7] μg/L. Overall, 7% of applicators and 1% of workers performing weeding and strawberry picking had a probability of exceeding this biological reference value. As a next step, it would be interesting to apply these methods to multiple exposure to various contaminants.
Adaptive electronic relay for smart grid based on self-healing protection
Authors: Nasrallah M. , Abdelaleem Ahmed , Ismeil Mohamed A. , Hussein Hany S.
Published: October 2024

The protection system is crucial for grid stability and safeguarding essential components, including generators, transformers, transmission systems, and power connections. The smart grid system increases the flexibility and complexity of the power system, making fault detection and isolation the primary challenges for the protection system. This paper presents an optimal protection solution using an adaptive electronic relay to enhance reliability and enable self-healing. The proposed protection algorithm quickly detects faults and automatically isolates them from the rest of the healthy system in 25ms. The relay operation algorithm has been validated using MATLAB SIMULINK software. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed smart electronic relay in various sections of the smart grid system, including transformers, transmission and distribution
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis: A qualitative study of patients’ and clinicians’ experiences
Authors: Moore Andrew J. , Palmer Cecily K. , Barker Karen L. , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Judge Andy , Wylde Vikki , Whitehouse Michael R.
Published: October 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of joint pain and disability. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACs) are often used in primary care once other recommended treatments have failed. Evidence shows that IACs provide short-term relief of osteoarthritis symptoms, yet little is known about patients’ and primary care clinicians’ experiences and beliefs about their use. We explored patients’ and primary care clinicians’ views about IACs, including the benefits, disadvantages, perceived risks of treatment, when they are used, and factors that affect decision-making.

Methods

We conducted individual interviews with patients and primary care clinicians and used inductive thematic analysis to investigate their views and experiences of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis (IACs).

Findings

We interviewed 38 patients and 19 primary care clinicians. We identified 6 patient themes: variation in access; awareness of IACs; views of risk and trust; effectiveness of IACs; variation in onset and effect duration; and an alternative to undesirable treatments. In the interviews with clinicians, we identified an overarching theme of caution and competence, which included eight subthemes: confidence and (dis)comfort with practical procedures; risk of adverse outcomes; training; uncertainty about evidence and guidelines; technical uncertainties; IACs use on the osteoarthritis pathway; perceived benefits and impacts of IACs; and the possibility of placebo.

Conclusion

Patients and clinicians valued IACs’ potential to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Variability in patients’ access to treatment appears related to clinicians’ confidence in delivering injections and their concerns about the evidence base. Variation in dose frequency and timing reflect clinicians’ uncertainty about current guidance. Despite variation in effectiveness patients preferred IACs to other forms of pain medication and to delay or avoid surgery. IACs were mostly used as an adjunct treatment before surgery was offered. These findings can inform further research into the effectiveness of IACs and improvements in information and guidance.
Developing automaticity in neural speech discrimination in typically developing bilingual Italian-German and monolingual German children
Authors: Bloder Theresa , Rinker Tanja , Shafer Valerie
Published: October 2024

Many studies have shown that input in more than one language influences children’s phonemic development. In this study, we examined the neural processes supporting perception of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in bilingual Italian-German children and their monolingual German peers. While German contrasts short-lag and long-lag, Italian contrasts short-lag and voicing lead. We examined whether bilinguals’ phonetic/phonological systems for the two languages develop independently or whether they influence each other, and what role language input plays in the formation of phonetic/phonological categories. Forty five-year-old children (16 monolingual German, 24 bilingual Italian-German) were tested in an oddball design expected to elicit a neural Mismatch Response (MMR). The stimuli were bilabial stop VOT contrasts with the short-lag stop, common to both languages, as the standard. Four deviant VOTs were selected: 92 ms and 36 ms lag for German; 112 ms and 36 ms voicing lead for Italian. Bilingual children’s language background was assessed using a caregiver questionnaire. Italian-German bilingual 5-year-old children and German monolingual controls showed similar MMRs to German long-lag and Italian voicing lead VOT, except for the 36 ms long-lag deviant; this acoustically difficult distinction did not elicit a robust negative MMR in the bilingual children. The lack of a difference between the bilinguals and monolinguals for voicing lead suggests that the amount of input in Italian for the bilinguals was not sufficient to lead to an advantage compared to the monolingual German children. Alternatively, the finding could indicate that voicing lead is easier to discriminate than voicing lag.
Effect of 5β-dihydrotestosterone on vasodilator function and on cell proliferation
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández David , Eguibar Aritz , López Cristina , Cuesta Ángel M. , Albiñana Virginia , Rogers-Ezewuike Soline , Gómez-Rivas Juan A. , Saldaña Laura , Botella Luisa M. , Ferrer Mercedes
Published: October 2024

Aging is one of the main factors associated with cardiovascular diseases. Androgens exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and testosterone (TES) replacement therapy improves cardiometabolic risk factors. However, TES is contraindicated in patients with prostate cancer due to its proliferative effects on prostatic tumor cells. Additionally, TES and its reduced metabolites 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT and 5β-DHT) exert vasodilatory effects. Since androgen levels decrease during aging and 5β-DHT lacks genomic effects, this study is focused on analyzing its effect on vasodilator function and the proliferation rate of prostatic tumor and vascular smooth muscle cells. To study the vascular function, mesenteric arteries from aged-orchidectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Mesenteric segments were divided into one control (without treatment) and three groups with the androgens (10 nM, 30 min) to analyze: acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced responses and nitric oxide and superoxide anion production. To analyze cell proliferation, the effect of androgens on cell viability was determined. The results showed that 5β-DHT improves vasodilator function in arteries from aged-orchidectomized rats and induces antioxidant action, while the proliferation rate of the androgen-dependent prostatic tumor cells remains unaltered. These results make 5β-DHT a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies.
Coral growth along a natural gradient of seawater temperature, pH, and oxygen in a nearshore seagrass bed on Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan
Authors: Pezner Ariel K. , Courtney Travis A. , Chou Wen-Chen , Chu Hui-Chuan , Frable Benjamin W. , Kekuewa Samuel A. H. , Soong Keryea , Wei Yi , Andersson Andreas J.
Published: October 2024

Coral reefs are facing threats from a variety of global change stressors, including ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation. It has been hypothesized that growing corals near primary producers such as macroalgae or seagrass may help to ameliorate acidification and deoxygenation stress, however few studies have explored this effect in situ. Here, we investigated differences in coral growth rates across a natural gradient in seawater temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) variability in a nearshore seagrass bed on Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan, South China Sea. We observed strong spatial gradients in temperature (5°C), pH (0.29 pH units), and DO (129 μmol O2 kg-1) across the 1-kilometer wide seagrass bed. Similarly, diel variability recorded by an autonomous sensor in the shallow seagrass measured diel ranges in temperature, pH, and DO of up to 2.6°C, 0.55, and 204 μmol O2 kg-1, respectively. Skeletal cores collected from 15 massive Porites corals growing in the seagrass bed at 4 sites revealed no significant differences in coral calcification rates between sites along the gradients. However, significant differences in skeletal extension rate and density suggest that the dynamic temperature, pH, and/or DO variability may have influenced these properties. The lack of differences in coral growth between sites may be because favorable calcification conditions during the day (high temperature, pH, and DO) were proportionally balanced by unfavorable conditions during the night (low temperature, pH, and DO). Alternatively, other factors were simply more important in controlling coral calcification and/or corals were acclimated to the prevailing conditions at each site.
High-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening in Uganda: Considering potential harms and benefits in a low-resource setting
Authors: Sultanov Marat , Koot Jaap A. R. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Greuter Marcel J. W. , Beltman Jogchum J. , de Fouw Marlieke , de Zeeuw Janine , Kabukye Johnblack , Stekelenburg Jelle , van der Schans Jurjen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The World Health Organization supports both the screen-and-treat (ST) approach and the screen, triage and treat (STT) approach to cervical cancer screening using high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing. For Uganda, the sequence of hrHPV-ST and hrHPV-STT could be similar, with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) after positive hrHPV tests in both. To consider potential tradeoffs (overtreatment in ST versus missed cancer cases in STT), we compared hrHPV-STT with VIA triage (STT-VIA), and STT with HPV 16/18 genotyping risk stratification, to hrHPV-ST for Uganda, in terms of overtreatment, cervical cancer incidence, and life years, for the general female population of Uganda.

Methods

A microsimulation model of cervical cancer was adapted. Incremental benefit-harm ratios of STT were calculated as ratios of prevented overtreatment to reduced life years, and to increased cancer cases. Additional scenarios with 20% difference in intra- and inter-screening follow-up between ST and STT were modeled.

Results

Both STT strategies resulted in life year losses on average compared to ST. STT-VIA prevented more overtreatment but led to increased cervical cancer incidence and life year losses. STT-G-VIA resulted in better harm-benefit ratios and additional costs. With better follow-up, STT prevented overtreatment and improved outcomes.

Discussion

For Uganda, the STT approach appears preferrable, if the screening sequences of hrHPV-based ST and STT are similar in practice. While VIA triage alone would reduce overtreatment the most, it could also result in more cancer cases. Risk stratification via genotyping could improve STT. Potential follow-up differences and resource availability should be considered by decision-makers when planning Uganda’s hrHPV-based screening strategy.
Factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in contact centres during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relevance for the future of hybrid working
Authors: Manner Jillian , Sivaramakrishnan Divya , Baker Graham , Lloyd Scott , Jepson Ruth
Published: October 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way many industries work, including contact centres, with some employees working from home and new on-site restrictions/measures in place representing even greater challenges for employers around staff engagement and wellbeing. This study aimed to understand the interplay of individual, social, environmental and organisational factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in UK contact centre employees, how the pandemic impacted these factors, and their relevance for the future of hybrid working.

Methods

Individual interviews (n = 33) were conducted with participants (staff working full and part time, on site and from home) from four UK contact centres. A topic guide based on the ecological model was developed to understand current barriers and facilitators to physical activity and (reducing) sedentary behaviour during and outside of working hours. Thematic analysis was carried out using a codebook and a deductive coding approach to identify themes.

Results

Three key insights are provided. First, participants felt they were generally sitting more and moving less since the first UK-wide lockdown. Second, factors which negatively impacted on these behaviours were evident across all levels of the ecological model. These included individual and social barriers (e.g., lack of motivation and preferable physical activity options) as well as environmental and organisational barriers (e.g., poor home office setup, back-to-back virtual meetings). There were a mix of new and existing barriers (exacerbated by the pandemic) and several of these were linked to homeworking. Third, organisational support requirements (e.g., homeworking ergonomic support) and existing facilitators (such as the provision of informational support and flexible working arrangements) were identified.

Conclusion

Solutions to reduce sedentary behaviours and increase physical activity in contact centres need to address barriers from the individual to the organisational level. Whilst the study was undertaken in the UK, the results are like to be applicable globally.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration: The trial for the wider project has been registered on the ISRCTN database: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11580369.
Determinants of poor health-related quality of life among outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis in Jordan
Authors: Jarab Anan S. , Al-Qerem Walid , Abu Heshmeh Shrouq R. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Al Hamarneh Yazid N. , Akour Amal
Published: October 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and investigate the variables contributing to reduced HRQOL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at two teaching hospitals in Jordan using a convenience sampling technique. The participants were interviewed face-to-face during the scheduled appointment at the outpatient rheumatology clinic. The HRQOL was evaluated by the validated EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, which included the EQ-5D utility index that evaluated HRQOL in terms of 5 domains, including mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, and the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5DVAS), which evaluated HRQOL on a vertical scale ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health). The validated short version of the 19-item Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR-5) was used to evaluate medication adherence. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used to assess disease activity among the study participants. A stepwise quantile regression model (q = 0.5) was conducted to explore the factors associated with the EQ-5DUtility Index and EQ-5DVAS scores.

Results

In total, 261 patients with RA participated in the study. The median (interquartile range) of the EQ-5DUtility Index and EQ-VAS scores was 0.552 (0.006–0.726) and 0.506 (0.233–0.690), respectively. Regression analysis results demonstrated that medication non-adherence (regression coefficient (β) = -0.348, P<0.01), not performing regular physical activity (β = -0.209, P<0.01), and higher disease activity as measured by the CDAI score (β = -0.015, P<0.01) were significant predictors of a lower EQ-5DUtility Index score. In addition, medication non-adherence (β = -0.199, P<0.01), not performing regular physical activity (β = -0.117, P<0.01), increased body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.009, P<0.01), and higher CDAI score (β = -0.009, P<0.01) were significant predictors of low EQ-5DVAS score.

Conclusions

Patients with RA experienced significantly impaired HRQOL. Medication non-adherence, not performing regular physical activity, increased body weight, and increased disease activity were identified as determinants of poor HRQOL among patients with RA in the present study. Treating physicians should encourage regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy body weight, and controlling disease activity to improve HRQOL in patients with RA.
Rebelión de la compañía de Prado en 1712
Authors: Flórez Asensio María Asunción
Published: October 2024

A principios de 1712, formadas ya las compañías madrileñas, la pretensión del Ayuntamiento de incluir un nuevo actor en la dirigida por José de Prado fue rechazada por sus miembros, especialmente por sus actrices. Ante la insistencia y las amenazas de la Villa, la compañía tomó la drástica decisión de no representar en el corral que se le había asignado, refugiándose la mayoría de sus miembros en la iglesia de San Sebastián. Considerando esta actitud un atentando a su autoridad, el consistorio reforzó sus amenazas, que no hicieron mella en los actores. Sólo tras la petición dirigida por Prado al rey y la intercesión de Garcés, autor de la otra compañía estante en Madrid (y posiblemente de magnates como el duque de Osuna), se resolvió una situación que perjudicaba tanto a la Villa como a los actores.
La casa-esquileo del siglo XVIII y su función de representación y hospedaje asociado a la corte borbónica
Authors: Gutiérrez-Pérez Nicolás , Santos-Aranaz Eugenio
Published: October 2024

La casa-esquileo constituye un arquetipo único en la historia de la arquitectura, que se desarrolla singularmente en el piedemonte segoviano, por conformar una tipología híbrida que acoge de forma uniforme las funciones propiamente industriales con el alojamiento de las élites españolas del siglo XVIII. En este artículo analizamos cómo estos edificios, además de adecuarse a estos objetivos, participan, durante toda la centuria, de los fines y el ceremonial asociado a la corte borbónica de acuerdo con su proximidad al Real Sitio de La Granja de San Ildefonso, a la cercanía y lealtad de sus propietarios y, específicamente, a la riqueza y capacidad de su arquitectura. En concreto, y como demostramos, estas magníficas casas-esquileo sirven, entre otros, para alojamiento del propio rey y de su familia o de importantes embajadas; es decir, actúan como una extensión e infraestructura más del aparato y representatividad de la corte.
Comparative Trade Potential of Northeast Asian Countries
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Izotov Dmitry
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the comparative trade potential of Northeast Asian countries based on the border effect estimation. In general, intraregional trade in North-East Asia (NEA) was less intensive than NEA trade with other countries. This indicates high trade barriers between NEA countries. It was determined that the reduction of trade barriers between China, Japan and the Republic of Korea can increase the total trade turnover of NEA. It was found that access to the Chinese market, as well as the inflow of Chinese direct investment in cooperation projects, can significantly increase the foreign trade of Russia and Mongolia. The estimates of the border effect for the DPRK indicated the close relations of its economy with the Chinese market, as well as North Korea’s foreign trade could significantly increase in the event of reduction high trade barriers with the Republic of Korea. The assessments indicated the existence of economic conditions for expanding trade in NEA, and China is a «connecting link» between the NEA countries. However, political conflicts between some NEA countries, as well as the political and economic influence of other countries, significantly complicate the implementation of the existing trade potential of the sub-global region
Dynamic Capabilities in Accelerating U-Shape Girder Precast Production for the Jabodebek LRT Project
Authors: Hermawan Ferry , Susanto Tri , Purwanggono Bambang , Setiadji Bagus Hario , Pratiwi Anik Nurul
Published: October 2024

LRT Jabodebek as the first LRT infrastructure project in Indonesia has provided lessons on the implementation of dynamic capabilities on manufacturing aspects for the construction industry. In order to meet the requirements 2900 units of U-Shape Girder, production under normal conditions is expected to be completed by 2020. The acceleration of completion led to a significant increase in project requirements, accelerated completion of construction led to production shortages. Meeting the need for acceleration requires factories to be able to increase their production capacity by using steam curing methods. This case study uses a qualitative approach and focuses on dynamic capabilities in the production process. As a role model of application of manufacturing dynamic capability, the project has demonstrated the role of technology in increasing productivity. The integration of methods, asset positioning, and management processes are the most dominant productivity factors in accelerating the production of U-Shape precast girder. Optimum production performance can be achieved by integrating factory roles, project sites and management supported by adequate resources and staff experience
Hamiltonian isotopies of relatively exact Lagrangians are orientation-preserving
Authors: Smith Jack
Published: October 2024

Given a closed, orientable Lagrangian submanifold L in a symplectic manifold (X, ω), we show that if L is relatively exact then any Hamiltonian diffeomorphism preserving L setwise must preserve its orientation. In contrast to previous results in this direction, there are no spin hypotheses on L. Curiously, the proof uses only mod 2 coefficients in its singular and Floer cohomology rings.
Deformations of pairs of codimension one foliations
Authors: Ndiaye Ameth , Wade Aïssa
Published: October 2024

The notion of a linear deformation of a codimension one foliation into contact structures was introduced in [5]. This concept is a special type of deformation of confoliations. In this paper, we study linear deformations of pairs of codimension one foliations into contact pairs. Applications of our main result are also provided.
Thermal modification of Lantana camara stalks and its characterization
Authors: Dan Sanmitra , Kumar Shailendra , Nagarajappa Giridhar B. , Pandey Krishna K.
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with value addition and utilization of Lantana camara, an invasive species with unprecedented rate of growth, by thermal modification. Lantana
camara stalks were thermally modified using vacuum heat treatment (VHT), oil heat treatment (OHT), and steam heat treatment (SHT) at 180 °C and 200 °C and subsequently changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties were studied. Weight loss was observed in vacuum and steam heat treated samples due to thermal degradation while oil heat treated samples showed weight gain due to oil uptake. SHT exhibited the highest (19 %) weight loss at 200 °C. The color of the modified lantana attained uniform dark colour, OHT exhibited the most intense effect on colour changes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform near infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopic analyses indicated degradation of hemicellulose and change in cellulose crystallinity due to heat treatment. Dimensional stability of thermally modified Lantana stalks improved across treatments, with SHT achieving the highest anti-swelling efficiency of 67.3 % at 200 °C and lowest water absorption (43 %) after 72 h of water soaking. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of thermally modified Lantana remained constant in all the treatment processes. Overall, the results indicate that thermal modification can increase utilization potential of L. camara.
A formal approach to reanalysis and the Early Semantic Stability Hypothesis: exploring the test case of the negative counterfactual marker ʾilmale in Hebrew and Aramaic
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A.
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the intricate process of reanalysis, wherein linguistic expressions undergo grammatical or semantic changes, or sometimes both. The primary objective of this study is to explore the theoretical aspects surrounding historical changes of this nature. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the topic, we provide a formal description of reanalysis as an analytical tool. Our formal description allows for the differentiation of various change scenarios, enabling us to identify distinct types of shifts from one analysis to another. This approach not only focuses on what has been reanalyzed, be it the morphology, syntax, or the semantics, but also emphasizes the interplay between all three linguistic modules (Form, Grammar, and Meaning) and their relationships. This holistic perspective enables a systematic examination of the significance of what remains constant at both points in time during the reanalysis process. The key insight arising from this analysis leads us to propose and substantiate the Early Semantic Stability Hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that the truth-conditional semantics of the original proposition remain unchanged throughout reanalysis, either in all contexts or in specific “bridging contexts” where the reanalysis occurs. To demonstrate these phenomena, we present a compelling test case, focusing on the development of the counterfactual conditional marker ʾilmale in Hebrew and Aramaic. Through a detailed examination of the syntactic and semantic reanalyses it underwent, we observe the emergence of unique semantic features. By adopting a formal semantic perspective, we address fundamental questions such as the level of ambiguity required for reanalysis to take place, the potential existence of universal constraints on reanalysis, and potential motivations driving these linguistic changes. This investigation provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms at play during reanalysis and contributes to the broader understanding of linguistic evolution and development.
Sub-picosecond biphasic ultrafast all-optical switching in ultraviolet band
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiang , He Yonglin , Zhu Tao , Gao Renxian , Hu Lingyun , Li Jiayu , Ren Peiwen , Li Jian-Feng , Li Ming-De , Yang Zhilin
Published: October 2024

Ultrafast all-optical control has been a subject of wide-spread attention as a method of manipulating optical fields using light excitation on extremely short time scales. As a fundamental form of ultrafast all-optical control, all-optical switching has achieved sub-picosecond switch speeds in the visible, infrared, and terahertz spectral regions. However, due to the lack of suitable materials, ultrafast all-optical control in the ultraviolet range remains in its early stages. We demonstrate sub-picosecond all-optical switching in the ultraviolet wavelength by designing a Si3N4-ITO Fabry–Pérot resonance aligns with the edge of the interband transition region of ITO. The response time of 500 fs achieved at a pump fluence as low as 0.17 mJ/cm2. Notably, unlike conventional binary switches (0, 1), this biphasic all-optical switch enables the modulation of optical intensity with positive, zero, and negative ΔR/R (0, 1, −1) at the same wavelength, all achieved with a switching speed of 680 fs at a pump fluence of 0.45 mJ/cm2. This work establishing a new pathway for all-optical control in the ultraviolet spectrum, the biphasic switch provides an extra degree of freedom for all-optical modulation.
The crystal structure of 4-chloro-2-formylphenyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, C14H11ClO4S
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Yang-Gang , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin
Published: October 2024

C14H11ClO4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.2472(13) Å, b = 22.431(4) Å, c = 7.9308(13) Å, β = 106.278(2)∘, V = 1,408.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0363, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0996, T = 296(2) K.
Geographic Tunnel Vision and the Past and Future of Democracy
Authors: Markoff John
Published: October 2024

In the twenty-first century, the democracy bequeathed by the past confronts major, diverse challenges. In thinking about how it might be reimagined, it is important to look beyond conceptions of democracy that are associated with a distinctive Western tradition, indicated at an early point by Athens two and a half millennia ago. Recent scholarship has questioned some clear connection of that specific ancient experience with the democracy that has developed since the late eighteenth century, challenging in several ways what might be called “epistemic exclusion.” One challenge concerns a long debate about Athenian uniqueness. A second concerns how the founding generation of modern democracy thought about, or did not think about, Athenian practices. A third concerns whether a broader geography of influence has infused the entire modern history of democracy in which much innovation has happened in peripheral places in hierarchies of wealth and power. These reflections have implications for where to look for good ideas to construct a better democratic future.
Materialversorgung effizient automatisieren
Authors: Schuler Lisa , Schneider Markus
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, assembly cells are supplied with materials manually by a logistics worker using a tugger train. The tasks include transporting, loading and unloading small load carriers. Alternatively, the supply can be fully automated. Three scenarios (manual with tugger train, automated with mobile cobot and automated with modified assembly cell structure) are tested in real life and compared in terms of effort, cost and efficiency and used to determine the efficient automated supply with rapid cost equalisation.
Fertigungsprozessanalyse eines mittels Innenhochdruck-Umformung hergestellten Bauteils
Authors: Reuter Thomas , Massalsky Kristin , Burkhardt Thomas
Published: October 2024

Series manufacturers in the field of hydroforming do not always have the necessary database for predictive maintenance, especially for the production of complex hydroformed components. Small and medium-sized companies in particular often lack the resources to acquire, process and profitably utilize these data sets under production conditions. The IHU processes that occur in practice are usually highly complex, both in terms of geometry and against the background of additional process steps (punching, plunging). This results in large amounts of data and complex data analyses, which are reflected in the data processing costs. A data analysis is to be carried out on the basis of a complex hydroforming process and its additional benefit for quality management and predictive maintenance is to be explained.
Empowering Students to Understand Climate Change and Recognize Disinformation
Authors: Jakubowski Henry , Bock Nicholas
Published: October 2024

Climate change caused predominately by carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel use is a critical issue for our future. It is incumbent on science educators to learn about it and teach it in ways that illustrate the power of science to understand climatic changes and model past, present, and possible climate futures. It is equally important for educators to address alternative explanations that do not cause present warming. We provide sufficient background to understand the effects of atmospheric CO2 on climate, how we know past values of both CO2 and temperature, and how mathematical models lead to a quantitative understanding and predictions of increases in temperature on doubling atmospheric CO2. We discuss alternative but incorrect explanations for present warming that are employed by those who use misinformation and disinformation to take attention away from the main cause, the burning of fossil fuels. Guided student activities are provided to help students develop an understanding of the causes and strategies to mitigate the worst effects of climate change. We must provide students with a sound understanding of climate change to empower them with the knowledge to make effective choices. Informed students can develop into agents of change as we prepare them to live in their changing climate futures.
Using Student Uncertainty as a Pedagogical Resource (SUPeR) Approach to Support Students’ Productive Struggle in the Biology Classroom
Authors: Chen Ying-Chih , Park Jongchan , Rapkiewcz Jamie G.
Published: October 2024

Productive struggle is a process in which students expend effort to grapple with perplexing problems and make sense of something that is not immediately apparent and beyond their current level of understanding and capacity. The experience encourages students to reflect on and restructure their existing knowledge toward a new understanding of scientific concepts and practice. Scientific uncertainty is common in scientific sensemaking practice and is one of the major factors provoking student struggle. A teaching approach called Student Uncertainty as a Pedagogical Resource (SUPeR) is introduced to encourage teachers to engage students in the practice of productive struggle. The SUPeR approach is composed of four phases: (1) problematize a phenomenon, (2) engage in material practice, (3) participate in argumentative practice, and (4) engage in reflection, transformation, and application. An example from an eighth-grade biology class unit on Mendel’s Law of Segregation is used to demonstrate how the SUPeR approach can be implemented in the classroom.
On One’s Own or with Someone Else
Authors: Nakamura Maiko
Published: October 2024

Since around 2000, Japanese comics in which protagonists eat out by themselves garnered popularity. The solitude of the characters enable readers to relive the situation and even to communicate with them in a fictional manner. The success of such works led to dramatization, and they rapidly gained in popularity. This paper analyzes such comics and their adaptations. In particular, it focuses on two enormously successful series, Solitary Gourmet, which created the boom of solo-eating comics and What Did You Eat Yesterday?, which shows everyday life of a gay couple in Tokyo. The male protagonists successfully escape the traditional masculinity by eating and narrating tastes in monologues, which are traditionally used in female-oriented works. It serves as a device for suppressing and oozing desire here. Furthermore, other comics and their adaptations employing female protagonists deal with food in a more progressive manner. There, women are not depicted as objects of desire but subjective figures who liberate their character and desire through the act of eating, and when they eat together, the differences in their attributes get blurred and there even emerges a solidarity. Food has become a way of liberating and connecting people by dissolving the boundaries between them.
Indigenous Taste
Authors: Yeoh Seng-Guan
Published: October 2024

For the Indigenous Sagada Igorots of upland Cordillera in northern Philippines, domesticated pigs and etag (salted and smoked pork slices) continue to play an important role for rituals and as gastronomic vehicles for constituting and performing social relatedness, reciprocity, and redistributive functions through feasting and sharing. These deep historical practices are largely mediated by the elders of Sagada in the face of various kinds of entanglements with the state and markets over time. I characterize this mixed bundle of communal socio-affective and gastronomic ingredients as “Indigenous taste.” This essay discusses recent substantive socioeconomic changes in Sagada due largely to mass tourism and the impacts they have set in motion for the aforementioned practices, and on how Sagada Igorots negotiate with the outside world under these new historical conditions.
Vivências de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico frente à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Costa Leonardo Silva da , Santos Ellen Cristina Barbosa dos , Galindo Neto Nelson Miguel , Silva Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres , Sá Guilherme Guarino de Moura , Silva Matheus Vinicius Barbosa da , Veras Juliana Lourenço de Araújo
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: desvelar as vivências de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico frente à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 18 pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico, sob a ótica do Modelo de Atenção às Condições Crônicas. A coleta foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, o conteúdo foi gravado e processado por meio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: emergiram das falas seis classes, que abordaram os desafios na construção de uma nova rotina de vida; o medo do autocontágio e a família; o sofrimento mental, pela vulnerabilidade clínica, frente ao cenário pandêmico; as estratégias para prevenção da COVID-19; os impactos do processo de imunização contra a COVID-19; e os aspectos negativos na vivência do tratamento hemodialítico frente à pandemia. Conclusão: as vivências estiveram permeadas por desafios, sobretudo em aspectos relacionados à saúde mental. Contribuições para a prática: este estudo oportuniza a aplicação de ações direcionadas, com vistas a propor contribuições para o planejamento do cuidado de enfermagem voltado aos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico em possíveis futuros períodos pandêmicos.
Optimizing Inventory Management: Data-Driven Insights from K-Means Clustering Analysis of Prescription Patterns
Authors: Dermawan Aulia Agung , Ansarullah Lawi  , Putera Dimas Akmarul , Kurniawan Dwi Ely , Ummatin Kuntum Khoiro , Jorvick Steve
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The goal is to improve how inventory is managed in healthcare by using K-Means clustering to analyze prescription trends. This approach helps ensure better stock availability, streamlines operations, and ultimately increases sales opportunities.
Methods: This research applied the K-Means clustering algorithm to analyze a comprehensive dataset of prescription behaviors from XYZ Clinic. By grouping similar prescriptions into clusters, this method highlighted patterns within the data. These insights led to the identification of unique prescription categories, enabling the creation of tailored recommendations for improving inventory management.
Result: The analysis showed that Cluster 1 should be prioritized for inventory management due to its high sales potential and consistent prescription patterns. It is recommended to increase stock for the medications in Cluster 1 to improve inventory turnover and streamline clinical operations. These findings underscore the value of K-Means clustering in healthcare, especially for enhancing inventory management and operational efficiency.
Novelty: This research presents a novel application of K-Means clustering in healthcare, focusing on prescription patterns and inventory management. While previous studies have primarily used K-Means clustering for areas such as risk assessment and logistics, this study provides valuable data-driven insights to improve inventory management strategies in healthcare. The results highlight how clustering methods can support better decision-making and resource allocation, ultimately leading to greater operational efficiency and improved patient care.
NPR3 is regulated by gonadotropins and modulates bovine cumulus cell expansion
Authors: De Cesaro Matheus P , de Macedo Mariana P , da Rosa Paulo R A , dos Santos Joabel T , Mea Ricardo D , da Nóbrega Janduí E , Duggavathi Raj , Gasperin Bernardo G , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard D , Bordignon Vilceu
Published: October 2024

In brief

The natriuretic peptide system, particularly the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), plays a critical role in regulating mammalian ovarian functions, including oocyte–cumulus cell communication and meiotic maturation. However, the contribution of natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) to these processes has not been thoroughly investigated. Data from this study provide compelling evidence that NPR3 is involved in modulating gonadotropin signaling and regulating cumulus cell expansion in cattle.

The significant role of CNP and its receptor 2 (NPR2) in regulating oocyte meiotic maturation and facilitating communication between oocytes and surrounding cumulus cells has been well documented in various mammalian species including mice, cattle and swine. However, further investigation is needed to ascertain whether natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) are involved in regulating other essential ovarian functions. Hence, this study aimed to explore the potential involvement of NPRs in the regulation of cumulus expansion and oocyte meiotic maturation in bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). The findings revealed that NPR3 mRNA abundance was downregulated by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in cumulus cells of bovine COCs during in vitro maturation (IVM), while NPR2 mRNA levels were not affected by gonadotropins. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) during IVM of COCs prevented the NPR3 mRNA downregulation induced by gonadotropins in cumulus cells. Additionally, treatment of COCs during IVM with an NPR3 agonist (cANP4–23) inhibited cumulus expansion induced by gonadotropins. This inhibitory effect was further intensified when COCs were cotreated with cANP4–23 and CNP. These findings provide robust evidence indicating that normal cumulus expansion in bovine COCs involves an inhibitory effect of gonadotropins on NPR3 mRNA expression, which is mediated via EGFR signaling. The study also provides evidence that CNP and NPR3 interact synergistically to regulate cumulus expansion in response to gonadotropins.
Algunos apuntes preparatorios para abordar el tema de la responsabilidad histórica de los estudios generales en un contexto de colapso mundial y crisis civilizatoria
Authors: Paniagua Vega Esteban
Published: October 2024

Introduction. In the introduction to the article we set out how the global collapse and the current civilizational crisis imply the need for a permanent reflection on the role of general studies and the impulse in the academic formation of a new humanism that criticizes and overcomes the ideological prejudices of liberal humanism. Objective. The general objective of the article is to provide a propaedeutic contribution to address the issue of the responsibility of general studies to continue promoting a new humanism. Discussion. The discussion starts from a critical description of the failure of liberal humanism or that analyticaland colonial interpretation of the history of European and American thought from which a hegemonic and western identity was sought to be defined during the second half of the 20th century. Conclusions. After making this critical exposition, some general and exploratory reflections on the importance of education and generalstudies in the process of forming critical thinking of people capable of authentically acing our own societies are presented as conclusions.
EFFECT OF COAL PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON LASER IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: ADUEV B.P. , NURMUKHAMETOV D.R. , NELYUBINA N.V. , LISKOV I.YU. , VOLKOV V.D. , ISMAGILOV Z.R.
Published: October 2024

The ignition of hard coal grades DG, G, Zh, and K under the action of laser pulses (1064 nm, 120 μs, 1.3 J) was studied for the fractions of microparticles with a narrow size distribution in the range of 0.25-44 μm. The kinetic characteristics of the glow of samples from the entire size range were measured for each coal rank. Three stages of ignition are distinguished for each fraction. The duration of the first stage coincides with the duration of the laser pulse. The duration of the second takes a time interval of 10-15 ms (DG, G and Zh coal ranks) and 3-5 ms (K coal rank). The duration of the third stage is 60-80 ms (DG, G, and G coals) and 20 ms (K coal rank). It has been established that the threshold ignition energy densities (ignition thresholds) at all three stages depend non-monotonically on coal particle sizes. The minimum values of ignition thresholds at all three stages are achieved at particle sizes equal to 2.2 (for DG rank coal), 4.0 (for G rank coal), 0.7 (for Zh rank coal) and 2.0 μm (for K rank coal). Using the results of the proximate analysis of coals, the observed dependences of critical energy densities on the size of coal particles are interpreted.
The Hidden Metaphysics of J. M. E. McTaggart’s Paradox: Influence on The Analytic Philosophy of Time
Authors: Šulcas Adomas
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the various interpretations of McTaggart’s paradox that have been proposed throughout the 20th and the 21st centuries. It is argued that the traditional interpretation of McTaggart’s paradox, one which states that no metaphysical assumptions are required, is unfounded, but is nevertheless vital to the development of the analytic philosophy of time. To support such a position, various works of McTaggart and R. Ingthorsson are cited, aiming to show the intention of the creator of the paradox. It is argued that if McTaggart’s metaphysical premises are accepted, the potential number of interpretations gets narrowed down; however, it is also shown that many of the critiques and discussions arising from the analytic philosophy of time’s discourse can be relatively easily resolved. It is thus concluded that an interpretation of McTaggart’s paradox that includes his metaphysical premises not only makes the paradox itself less ambiguous, but it also shows the importance of metaphysics to the analytic philosophy of time.