bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new freshwater snail genus and species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda, Cochliopidae) with extremely spinous shells from sub-recent spring deposits in northeastern Mexico
Authors: CZAJA ALEXANDER , COVICH ALAN P. , NEUBAUER THOMAS A. , ESTRADA-RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ LUIS , ÁVILA-RODRÍGUEZ VERÓNICA , MATA JORGE SÁENZ
Published: August 2022

A new monotypic genus of freshwater snail from late Holocene spring deposits in Viesca, Coahuila (Mexico), is described based on shell morphology. Spinopyrgus luismaedai n. gen. et n. sp. has two to three carinate shells with long and wide shovel-shaped spines, strong axial ridges and a pointed protoconch. All sculptural ornamentations on the teleoconch are part of the calcareous shell material and not projections of the periostracum. This combination of shell features and their almost “marine-like” appearance is unknown among North American recent and fossil freshwater snails. Because of its shell characteristics, we placed the new genus tentatively in the Cochliopidae. The springs of Viesca dried up in the second half of the 20th century so that any living occurrence of this species in neighboring areas is unlikely, rendering the new genus and species possibly extinct.
Luciculio, a new genus with nine new species from Limpopo and Mpumalanga in South Africa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Embrithini)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN
Published: August 2022

A new genus Luciculio gen. n., belonging to the tribe Embrithini Marshall, 1942 of the curculionid subfamily Entiminae, is described. It includes nine new species, all from the northeastern part of South Africa: Luciculio venda spec. n., type species, L. albuscrocodilus spec. n., L. ramabulanai spec. n., L. rudyardi spec. n., L. schoemani spec. n., L. soutpansbergensis spec. n., L. thathevondoensis spec. n., L. thohoi spec. n. and L. vhuvha spec. n. All species are illustrated and keyed.
Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi (1705–1735) and his place in the history of biosystematics as exemplified by his Ichthyologia sive opera omnia piscibus of 1738
Authors: PIETSCH THEODORE W. , AILI HANS
Published: August 2022

An English translation of the Swedish naturalist Peter Artedi’s great masterpiece Ichthyologia sive opera omnia piscibus (1738) has allowed for an increased understanding of the importance of his work to ichthyology and to the history of biosystematics in general. The opportunity to study Ichthyologia in English for the first time emphasizes like never before Artedi’s thoroughly modern approach. His description of the European Perch, Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758, is provided as an example of the extent to which he applied his methodology to a specific taxon.
Introduction
Authors: Torollo David
Published: August 2022

Introduction presents Sefer ha-Pardes in its broad context, argues why it is of interest, and sets out the aims of the monograph.

Chapter 1 focuses on the transmission and reception of Sefer ha-Pardes. It offers a description of the three sixteenth-century manuscripts that contain the work, as well as of the sixteenth-century Constantinople printed edition, and the nineteenth-century reproductions (Ha-Levanon and ʾoṣar ha-sifrut), highlighting the interest that a Provençal work received in Italy and the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century and in Ashkenaz three centuries later. The chapter also explores the work’s structure, and explains the differences in the arrangement of the content in the two textual families that can be identified: (1) the three manuscripts and the Ha-Levanon version, and (2) the Constantinople printed edition and the ʾoṣar ha-sifrut publication.

Chapter 2 deals with the content of the different chapters of Sefer ha-Pardes. In the prologue, the author of Sefer ha-Pardes explains his method: he will write new moral sayings that will be elegant, brief and comprehensible. Then he writes chapters on different topics, such as the service of God, friendship, the deceitfulness of this world, the value of wisdom, medicine, judging, logic, sophism, music, magic, and poetry. But unusually, these epigrams lack practicality or a direct application: it seems that the author is teaching the reader how to feel about the epigrams, rather than how to use them in their daily life.

Chapter 3 situates Sefer ha-Pardes within the intellectual environment and literary tradition of Provence, where compilations of epigrams and meshalim flourished in the thirteenth century. The chapter also sheds light on the transformation of the Provençal Jewry from a Torah-centred community to a hub of philosophical and secular study. Its ultimate goal is to understand the literary work within a cultural sphere in which it is both a product and an agent.

Conclusion opens future lines of research by linking the compilation of Sefer ha-Pardes to the compilatory practices of troubadour lyrics that non-Jewish Provençal authors carried out at the same time and in the same place, illustrating the need to situate Hebrew writing in a non-Hebrew context.
Evolution of Uncertainty in Terrestrial Carbon Storage in Earth System Models from CMIP5 to CMIP6
Authors: Wei Ning , Xia Jianyang , Zhou Jian , Jiang Lifen , Cui Erqian , Ping Jiaye , Luo Yiqi
Published: August 2022

The spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial carbon storage play a pivotal role in regulating future climate change. However, Earth system models (ESMs), which have coupled the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere, show great uncertainty in simulating the global land carbon storage. Here, based on multiple global datasets and a traceability analysis, we diagnosed the uncertainty source of terrestrial carbon storage in 22 ESMs that participated in phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). The modeled global terrestrial carbon storage has converged among ESMs from CMIP5 (1936.9 ± 739.3 PgC) to CMIP6 (1774.4 ± 439.0 PgC) but is persistently lower than the observation-based estimates (2285 ± 669 PgC). By further decomposing terrestrial carbon storage into net primary production (NPP) and ecosystem carbon residence time (τE), we found that the decreased intermodel spread in land carbon storage primarily resulted from more accurate simulations on NPP among ESMs from CMIP5 to CMIP6. The persistent underestimation of land carbon storage was caused by the biased τE. In CMIP5 and CMIP6, the modeled τE was far shorter than the observation-based estimates. The potential reasons for the biased τE could be the lack of or incomplete representation of nutrient limitation, vertical soil biogeochemistry, and the permafrost carbon cycle. Moreover, the modeled τE became the key driver for the intermodel spread in global land carbon storage in CMIP6. Overall, our study indicates that CMIP6 models have greatly improved the terrestrial carbon cycle, with a decreased model spread in global terrestrial carbon storage and less uncertain productivity. However, more efforts are needed to understand and reduce the persistent data–model disagreement on carbon storage and residence time in the terrestrial biosphere.
Couple disagreements and partnership stability in 10 European countries: Could differences in gender equality explain cross-national variations?
Authors: Fučík Petr
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the association between couple disagreement and partnership stability. In particular, we explore the mediating role of macrostructural gender inequality on the effect of couple disagreements on partnership stability in a cross-national comparative perspective. We analyzed data from two waves of the Gender and Generations Survey (fielded between 2004 and 2011) to explore the varied effects of couple disagreements on thoughts about breaking up and on the dissolution of cohabiting unions. As we expected, the effect of disagreements on thoughts about dissolution was present in all of the countries, but its strength varied significantly. Surprisingly, only moderate effects were found on dissolution itself. The second step of our analysis showed that the strength of the link between disagreement and stability does not decrease systematically with the level of gender inequality in a given country. This means that an egalitarian environment does not play a mitigating role in the process of transforming conflict into a decision to divorce. Our findings support the argument of gender revolution theory that the unfinished and stalled transformation of gender roles increases rather than relieves the tensions in intimate lives.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Community Health Worker Training to Improve the Prevention and Control of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seneviratne Shilanthi , Desloge Allissa , Haregu Tilahun , Kwasnicka Dominika , Kasturiratne Anuradhani , Mandla Anika , Chambers John , Oldenburg Brian
Published: August 2022

Community health workers (CHWs) play an important role in controlling non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this review was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of CHW training programs that focused on the prevention and control of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Medline, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, Directory of Open Access Journal, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Gale Academic, and OneFile). Studies that described the training programs used to train CHWs for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and type2 diabetes mellitus in LMICs. Only studies that evaluated the outcomes of training programs in at least one of the 4 levels of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model were included in the review. CHWs who underwent training focused on the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We summarized the resulting evidence using qualitative synthesis through a narrative review. Training outcomes were assessed in relation to (1) CHW reactions to training, their degree of learning, and their behaviors following training, and (2) changes in biochemical and anthropometric indicators in target populations following the CHW program implementation. PROSPERO (CRD42020162116). Thirty-two studies were included. Methods used to train CHWs included: face-to-face lectures, interactive group activities, and blended teaching with online support. Training focused on identifying people with elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors as well as supporting people to adopt healthy lifestyles. Many studies that utilized trained CHWs did not publish CHW training methods and evaluations, and therefore could not be included in this study. Training programs resulted in an increase in knowledge and skills among CHWs demonstrating that there are certain activities that can be shifted to CHWs following training.
Reference-trajectory-planner–based integrated guidance and control under input saturation and impact angle constraint
Authors: Wang Haibin , Wang Peng
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the integrated guidance and control (IGC) problem for intercepting maneuvering targets subject to the impact angle and input saturation. In order to elegantly implement tracking control under constraints, the whole controller includes the reference trajectory planner for generating reference trajectory, and the reference trajectory tracking controller for tracking the generated reference trajectory. The trajectory tracking controller is based on the command filter backstepping design under the time-domain separation, and the reference trajectory planner with a kind of reference model governor takes into account the available regulation ability of the trajectory tracking controller, so as to improve the adaptability of the proposed control scheme. The two cooperate with each other to improve the stability of guidance interception system and come out a more reasonable interception path. The simulation comparison results are provided to illustrate the superiority of the reference-trajectory-planner–based IGC law.
Association of Sinonasal Computed Tomography Scores to Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Chidarala Shreya , Young Gabrielle , Jeong Seth S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Edwards Thomas S. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To perform a systematic review of proposed sinus computed tomography (CT) scoring systems and determine their association with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Data Sources

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) for studies describing CT scores and PROMs in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Results

A total of 144 studies were included. Out of 20,741 patients, 53.6% were male and 55.5% had nasal polyposis. A meta‐analysis of correlations revealed a moderate correlation between Lund‐McKay (LM) and the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22; r = 0.434, P < .001) and a weaker correlation between LM and the 20‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20; r = 0.257, P = .039). Meta‐regression also revealed a weak association between LM and SNOT‐20 (n = 25 studies) but no significant associations between Zinreich score and SNOT‐22 or LM scores and PROMs, including SNOT‐22 (n = 94 studies), Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (n = 25), nasal obstruction visual analog scale (n = 15), Chronic Sinusitis Survey (n = 12), Total Nasal Symptom Score (n = 4), Total Symptom Score (n = 3), and 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey (n = 3).

Conclusion

There is essentially little association between radiologic grade and PROMs. CT grading systems with improved clinical utility are needed.
Quantification of parenchymal fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis: relation to atrophy and pancreatic function
Authors: Steinkohl Emily , Olesen Søren Schou , Hansen Tine Maria , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum
Published: August 2022

Background

Non-invasive modalities for assessing chronic pancreatitis (CP) are needed in clinical practice.

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times (as proxies of fibrosis) and explore their relationships to gland volume and pancreatic functions in patients with CP and healthy controls (HCs).

Material and Methods

In 49 patients with CP and 35 HCs, pancreatic stiffness, T1 relaxation times, and gland volume were assessed. Fecal elastase and the presence of diabetes were used to evaluate pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions. Uni- and multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze correlations between imaging parameters.

Results

There was a positive correlation between MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times in patients with CP (R2 = 0.42; P < 0.001) and HCs (R2 = 0.14; P = 0.028). There was no correlation between MRE-derived stiffness and gland volume in patients (R2 = 0.007; P = 0.065) or HCs (R2 = 0.010; P = 0.57). T1 relaxation time was correlated to gland volume (R2 = 0.19; P = 0.002) in patients with CP but not in the HCs ( P = 0.056). Severity of pancreatic functional impairment was reflected by increased fibrosis-related parameters in patients without functional impairment, followed by a further increase in fibrosis-related parameters and reduction in gland volume in patients with pancreatic functional impairments.

Conclusion

Pancreatic MRE-derived stiffness and T1 relaxation times might reflect early pathophysiological changes in CP. The dynamic correlation with pancreatic function suggests that these parameters may be useful for the non-invasive and early identification of CP.
A PRISMA review of research on feedback in music education and music psychology
Authors: Blackwell Jennifer , Matherne Nicholas , McPherson Gary E
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research literature about feedback in music. We employed the Preferred Reporting Systems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to systematically review literature about feedback in music education and music psychology from the first identified article in 1973 to November 2021. We identified a total of 4,499 records using our inclusion criteria, of which a total of 153 were identified as relevant for further analysis. We documented percentages and frequencies for publications over time, type of publications, sampling location, methodology, and topic. We also employed recent conceptions of feedback to categorize the type of feedback studied. Results suggest the extant literature in music may be outdated and lack methodological rigor. Most studies did not provide a working definition of feedback and were largely confined to teacher feedback. Music researchers have primarily studied feedback in relation to learner’s behavior rather than their cognition or affect. Consequently, feed-back (as opposed to feed-up or feed-forward) represents the overwhelming focus of this literature. This review highlights the need for more in-depth, nuanced, and empirically robust studies on feedback in music education and music psychology.
Assessment of Risk Factors of Road Traffic Accidents: A Panel Model Analysis of Several States in India
Authors: Panda Chakradhara , Dash Aruna Kumar , Dash Devi Prasad
Published: August 2022

Road traffic accident is one of the leading causes of death in the world and India. Road safety is a paramount challenge for India as it is required to comply with the target set by the United Nations to reduce road accidents by at least half by 2030. In the wake of this, the article addresses two pertinent questions: (a) what risk factors cause road traffic accidents? (b) How should policy measures be drawn with systematic and data-driven studies to prevent road accidents? The article uses both explorative and econometric analysis to analyse the road accident data of several states and union territories of India over the period 2014–2018. Using the panel approach, the study finds that over-speeding is the most important factor that causes road accidents. The other significant factors of road accidents are found to be overloading, wrong-side driving, commercial place and faulty road design. Among other findings, drunken driving is found to be a major driver of rural accidents in India. The findings of the article have important policy implications.
Incarcerated Girls With Disabilities: A Multinational Perspective
Authors: Ochoa Theresa A. , Maki Weller Nicole , Pérez-Ramírez Berenice
Published: August 2022

The number of incarcerated girls is increasing, but the study of the factors leading girls to engage in delinquency is an area of research which has been neglected. This multinational special issue focuses on incarcerated girls noting that many of them have a history of trauma and abuse, many suffer from anxiety and depression, and few are identified or treated for their mental health needs. Education laws are examined by authors from Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Norway, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, and recommendations are made based on special education provisions within these laws that can be used to identify girls who have disabilities. The intent of this special issue is to provide a vision for early intervention to girls who present maladaptive social behavior or rehabilitation and reentry support to girls with disabilities who are incarcerated to minimize the risk they will return to correctional confinement.
A gradient enhanced constitutive framework for the investigation of ductile damage localization within semicrystalline polymers
Authors: Satouri Soheil , Chatzigeorgiou George , Benaarbia Adil , Meraghni Fodil
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a gradient enhanced model dealing with nonlocal phenomena driven by the ductile damage in semicrystalline polymers that exhibit rate-dependent and rate-independent mechanisms. The study aims at capturing the material localization at high damage levels. To this end, a viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is formulated considering a gradient enhanced thermodynamic potential, function of local and nonlocal state variables. The model is based on two different options for the nonlocal state variable: the first option considers nonlocal damage scalar, while the second considers nonlocal hardening state variable. An appropriate user defined material subroutine is developed so as to define and to update the stress, the state variables, and the associated tangent moduli towards finite element structural computations. The analogy between the steady-state heat equation and the nonlocal gradient enhanced relation enables coupling the displacement and nonlocal fields within a finite element package code (i.e., ABAQUS). Structural analyses for polyamide 66 (PA66) material are presented to assess the efficiency of the developed nonlocal model. This research work demonstrates that the model is able to capture efficiently the ductile damage localization and simulate the related fields when using the nonlocal hardening or damage state variable. This study for the first time combines viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, and damage with nonlocal approaches, and can be considered as an initial step towards developing a constitutive formulation towards multiscale analyses for polymer-based composites.
Early numeracy profiles in young children with intellectual disabilities: The role of cognitive functions
Authors: Charitaki Garyfalia , Alevriadou Anastasia , Soulis Spyridon-Georgios
Published: August 2022

Exploring individual differences and looking beyond averaged parameters of early numeracy in young children with mild intellectual disabilities has become an area of interest to many researchers worldwide. This study aimed to identify the different profiles of early numeracy skills in young children with mild intellectual disabilities. For this purpose, we assessed early numeracy through Utrecht early numeracy test and learning aptitude through Detroit Test, in a sample of 135 children diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. The mean of their mental age was 5:09 (years:months) . Two-step cluster analysis identified four homogenous groups of children with distinct early numeracy profiles as follows:C1 were fluent in relational and numerical skills up to 20, C2 were fluent in relational skills and numerical skills up to 10, C3 had basic knowledge of relational skills and inconsistent numerical skills up to 10 and C4 had inconsistent relational skills and numerical skills. Results are discussed with reference to their educational implications.
HNE Induces the Hyperexpression of MUC5AC in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps by Activating the TRAF6/Autophagy Regulatory Axis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Qi Jing , Yan Danqing , Deng Yangquan , Zhang Jian , Luo Qing
Published: August 2022

Background

Hypersecretion of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a prominent feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and autophagy plays a pivotal role in this process. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) functions as a signal transducer in many inflammation diseases, whereas the correlation between TRAF6 and autophagy in CRSwNP remains unclear.

Objective

To investigate the role of TRAF6 in the human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced autophagy and mucin MUC5AC over-expression in CRSwNP.

Methods

Tissue specimens were obtained from control subjects and patients with CRSwNP. The relationships between HNE, TRAF6, autophagy, and MUC5AC were investigated. The effect of TRAF6 on HNE-mediated autophagy and hypersecretion of MUC5AC was assessed by in-vitro culture of HNECs treated with human recombinant HNE.

Results

Patients with CRSwNP had more protein expression of HNE, MUC5AC, TRAF6, and light chain (LC3B), and increased levels of Beclin-1(BECN1) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in mRNA level. Treatment of nasal epithelial cells with recombinant HNE induced the upregulation of TRAF6, autophagy, and MUC5AC. Alternatively, si-TRAF6 or autophagy inhibitor treatment mitigates the hyperexpression of MUC5AC before incubating with recombinant HNE.

Conclusion

HNE promotes autophagy through TRAF6, resulting in hyperexpression of MUC5AC in CRSwNP.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and impact on visual outcomes in patients with viral retinitis and retinal detachment
Authors: Zhou Ashley , Ong Sally S. , Ahmed Ishrat , Arevalo J. Fernando , Cai Cindy X. , Handa James T.
Published: August 2022

While socioeconomic disparities impact clinical care and patient outcomes, their impact on the anatomic and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in patients with viral retinitis is unstudied. This case series included 18 eyes in 18 patients from a single academic institution between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance, immunosuppression, viral retinitis, retinal detachment, retinal detachment repair, visual and anatomic outcomes, missed appointments, and Area Deprivation Index [ADI] were collected. The low-ADI group, indicating less socioeconomic disadvantage, was comprised of twelve patients with national ADIs less than 38, and the high-ADI group of six patients with national ADIs greater than 38. High-ADI patients tended to be younger (average age 38.0 versus 51.3; P = 0.06), of female sex (P = 0.03), and had more missed appointments (median 11.0 vs 0; P = 0.002). A similar number of patients in both the high-ADI and low-ADI groups underwent pars plana vitrectomy alone or pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckle. Visual acuity was similar in the high-ADI group than in the low-ADI group at baseline, but worse at the final follow-up visit (P = 0.004). Post-operative and final visit ocular hypotony were more common in the high-ADI group (P = 0.02). In our series, socioeconomic disadvantage negatively affects the visual outcomes in patients with viral retinitis associated-retinal detachments. These factors should be considered by ophthalmologists when treating these patients.
Multiple roles of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) in human tumors: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Li Ni , Zhu Linwen , Zhen Dawei , Li Mengqi , Chen Hang , Ye Mengmeng , Wei Yiqin , Shao Guofeng
Published: August 2022

Although there have been some recent cell and animal experiments indicating that expression of the gene encoding apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) is closely related to cancer, it still lacks pan-cancer analysis. Here we analyzed the potential carcinogenic role of APOBEC3B in 33 tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). APOBEC3B was highly expressed in most tumors and weakly expressed in a few. Differences in expression level were significantly correlated with the pathological tumor stage and prognosis of affected patients. The high-frequency APOBEC3B changes were principally mutations and amplifications in some tumors, such as uterine corpus endometrial carcinomas or cutaneous melanomas. In testicular germ cell tumors and invasive breast carcinomas, APOBEC3B expression and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts were correlated. In other cancers, such as human papilloma virus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinomas or esophageal adenocarcinomas, there was also cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. The APOBEC3B enzyme acts in the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain and in oxidative phosphorylation. This first pan-cancer study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multiple roles of APOBEC3B in different tumor types.
Acceptability of telephone-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (T-CPR) practice in a resource-limited country- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Fareed , Khan Uzma Rahim , Soomar Salman Muhammad , Raheem Ahmed , Naeem Rubaba , Naveed Abid , Razzak Junaid Abdul , Khan Nadeem Ullah
Published: August 2022

Background

T-CPR has been shown to increase bystander CPR rates dramatically and is associated with improved patient survival.

Objective

To evaluate the acceptability of T-CPR by the bystanders and identify baseline quality measures of T-CPR in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2018 at the Aman foundation command and control center. Data was collected from audiotaped phone calls of patients who required assistance from the Aman ambulance and on whom the EMS telecommunicator recognized the need for CPR and provided instructions. Information was recorded using a structured questionnaire on demographics, the status of the patient, and different time variables involved in CPR performance. A One-way ANOVA was used to compare different time variables with recommended AHA guidelines. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

There were 481 audiotaped calls in which CPR instruction was given, listened to, and recorded data. Out of which in 459(95.4%) of cases CPR was attempted Majority of the patients were males (n = 278; 57.8%) and most had witnessed cardiac arrest (n = 470; 97.7%) at home (n = 430; 89.3%). The mean time to recognize the need for CPR by an EMS telecommunicator was 4:59 ± 1:59(min), while the mean time to start CPR instruction by a bystander was 5:28 ± 2:24(min). The mean time to start chest compression was 6:04 ± 1:52(min.).

Conclusion

Our results show the high acceptability of T-CPR by bystanders. We also found considerable delays in recognizing cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR by telecommunicators. Further training of telecommunicators could reduce these delays.
Use of folic acid supplementation to halt and even reverse the progression of gastric precancerous conditions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Jing , Ren Fugang , Li Wenyuan , Guo Xiaochuan , Liu Qingsong , Gao Hongjing , Pang Yaobin , He Yingjie , Guo Jing , Zeng Jinhao
Published: August 2022

Background

Current data indicate that supplements such as folic acid and vitamin B may be beneficial in halting and even reversing atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia, generally referred to as gastric precancerous conditions(GPC). However, there is no Meta-analysis article to evaluate the prevention and treatment of folic acid in the gastric precancerous conditions. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy of folic acid in treating GPC.

Methods

Using a systematic review method, consider randomized controlled trials (RCT), including clinical trial reports, unpublished clinical trial data, and conference papers. The search time was been set from the database’s establishment to June 2, 2021. The language was not limited, using PubMed, SinoMed, Lancet, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and EBSCO databases. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and analysis was undertaken using RevMan5.2.Besides,we use Origin software to construct the Time-dose interval analysis.

Results

Of the 225 records identified, 13 studies involving 1252 patients (including 11 clinical controlled trials, 1 conference paper report and 1 unpublished research report) met the inclusion conditions. Folic acid dose maintained at 20–30 mg / d for 3–6 months may be beneficial to pathological changes of GPC. Moreover, in the 3 month treatment of 5 trials, the effect was more obvious when the folic acid dose was maintained at 30 mg / d. In the 7 trials, the symptom ineffective rate of GPC treated with folic acid was 32% (RR:0.32, 95% confidence interval CI:0.21–0.48), which was combined using a fixed analysis model; The effect of folic acid on gastric mucosal atrophy in 5 trials (RR: 1.61, 95%CI 1.07–2.41). The changes of folic acid on intestinal metaplasia in the 2 experiments (RR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.32–2.37).The 2 results are combined using a fixed analytical model. However, the subgroup analysis of 9 trials revealed no significant effectiveness of symptom.

Conclusions

Our research showed that folic acid supplementation brings benefits in preventing and even reversing the progression of GPC in the stomach, and provided evidence for its potential clinical use in management of GPC.

Registration: The logn number of our Meta-anlysis on PROSPERO is CRD420223062.
Germline variants profiling of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Chinese Hakka breast and ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Yunuo , Wu Heming , Yu Zhikang , Li Liang , Zhang Jinhong , Liang Xinhong , Huang Qingyan
Published: August 2022

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and spectrum ofBRCA1andBRCA2mutations in Chinese Hakka patients with breast and ovarian cancer.

Methods

A total of 1,664 breast or ovarian cancer patients were enrolled for genetic testing at our hospital. Germline mutations of theBRCAgene were analysed by next-generation sequencing, including the coding regions and exon intron boundary regions.

Results

The 1,664 patients included 1,415 (85.04%) breast cancer patients and 245 (14.72%) ovarian cancer patients, while four (0.24%) patients had both the breast and ovarian cancers. A total of 151 variants, including 71BRCA1variants and 80BRCA2variants, were detected in the 234 (14.06%) patients. The 151 variants included 58 pathogenic variants, 8 likely pathogenic variants, and 85 variants of unknown significance (VUS). A total of 56.25% (18/32) and 65.38% (17/26) of pathogenic variants (likely pathogenic variants are not included) were distributed in exon 14 ofBRCA1and exon 11 ofBRCA2, respectively. The most common pathogenic variants among this Hakka population are c.2635G > T (p.Glu879*) (n = 7) in theBRCA1gene and c.5164_5165del (p.Ser1722Tyrfs*4) (n = 7) in theBRCA2gene among the Hakka population. A hotspot mutation in the Chinese population, theBRCA1c.5470_5477del variant was not found in this Hakka population. The prevalence and spectrum of variants in theBRCAgenes in the Hakka patients are different from that in other ethnic groups.

Conclusions

The most common pathogenic variant in this population is c.2635G > T in theBRCA1gene, and c.5164_5165delAG in theBRCA2gene in this population. The prevalence and spectrum of variants in theBRCA1andBRCA2genes in the Hakka patients from southern China are different from those in other ethnic groups.
Long-term clinical prognosis of 335 infant single-gene positive FEVR cases
Authors: Chen Chunli , Cheng Yizhe , Zhang Zhihan , Zhang Xiang , Li Jiakai , Zhao Peiquan , Peng Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To describe and analyze the clinical prognosis of infants diagnosed of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with single gene mutation in long-term follow-up.

Methods

A retrospective case study was conducted on 355 FEVR infants with single positive gene.

Result

Of the 335 single-gene positive infant FEVR cases (under 3 years old), 20% (n = 67) was diagnosed of strabismus at first visit. Staging of various genotypes was different (P < 0.001). Patients with NDP mutations presented the most severe clinical phenotypes and patients with ZNF408 mutations presented the mildest clinical phenotypes. Most infants underwent surgery under 1 year old (5th stage 75 of 108 [69.44%]). The axial length of different genotypes showed no significant difference (P = 0.2891). The 1st to 3rd stage cases were given intravitreal injection and/or retina photocoagulation with the last follow-up vision above 20/67. The 4th to 5th stage cases received the transcorneal vitrectomy with lensectomy or lens sparing vitrectomy (LSV), whose lens maintained transparent after LSV (11/14[78.58%]). After 2 to 10 years of follow-up, 37.96% (41/108) of post-surgery cases showed retinal funnel-like unfold and posterior pole unfold, 69.57% (16/ 23) of which received second surgery for closure of pupil with good prognosis. At the last follow-up, 20% (60/300) were with vision above 20/200.

Conclusion

LRP5 gene mutation was the most common mutation in FEVR patients. The severity of the clinical phenotype varied with different gene mutations. The main surgical methods for cases at Stage 4–5 were transcorneal vitrectomy with lensectomy or LSV. The earlier FEVR occurred, the worse prognosis would be. Active surgical intervention and lens sparing were necessary for cases at Stage 4–5.
Assessing the prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema among schoolchildren (6–7 and 13–14 years old) in Khuzestan, Iran: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khodadadi Narges , Madadizadeh Farzan , Raji Hanieh , Shahidizadeh Elham , Idani Esmaeil , Shoushtari Maryam Haddadzadeh
Published: August 2022

Background

Asthma and allergic complications are the most common chronic disorders in children and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema among schoolchildren, and some related risk factors.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was performed in 2019 and involved 4000 students aged 6–7 years and 4000 students aged 13–14 years (both girls and boys) from urban schools in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. We used the multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using the Persian version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of current wheeze, wheeze ever and asthma ever in the age group of 6–7 years was 3.8, 4.5, and 1.8%, respectively; in the age group of 13–14 years, it was 4.4, 5.9, and 3.4, respectively. In terms of gender, males (4.9, 6.0, and 2.7 percent, respectively) had substantially higher rates of current wheeze, wheeze ever, and asthma ever compared to the girls (2.8, 3.6, and 2.0 percent, respectively) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of rhinitis, Hay fever, and eczema among young people was 5.3%, 3.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. Current wheeze was more common in children with allergic rhinitis in the last 12 months (30.3% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), Hay fever (32.8% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001) and eczema (27.8% vs 3.8%, p < 0.001), compared to children who did not.

Conclusions

The prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms were significantly associated with allergic rhinitis, eczema, and gender.
Antepartum sleep quality, mental status, and postpartum depressive symptoms: a mediation analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Han , Zhang Chen , Li Cheng , Xu Jing-Jing , Duan Chen-Chi , Chen Lei , Liu Zhi-Wei , Jin Li , Lin Xian-Hua , Zhang Chen-Jie , Zhang Han-Qiu , Yu Jia-Le , Li Tao , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Li Hong , Wu Yan-Ting
Published: August 2022

Background

Poor sleep quality and maternal mood disturbances are common during pregnancy and may play pivotal roles in the development of postpartum depression. We aim to examine the trajectories of sleep quality and mental health in women from early pregnancy to delivery and explore the mediating effects of sleep quality and mental status on the link between antepartum depressive symptoms and postpartum depressive symptoms.

Methods

In an ongoing prospective birth cohort, 1301 women completed questionnaires in the first, second and third trimesters and at 6 weeks postpartum. In each trimester, sleep quality was measured utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and mental health was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Postpartum depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect.

Results

The PSQI, CES-D, and SAS scores presented U-shaped curves across the antenatal period while the PSS score followed a descending trend. Antenatal sleep quality, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and perceived stress all predicted depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum. The influence of antepartum depressive symptoms on postpartum depressive symptoms was mediated by antepartum sleep quality and anxiety symptoms, which accounted for 32.14%, 39.25% and 31.25% in the first, second and third trimesters (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms in pregnancy mediated the relationship between antepartum depressive symptoms and postpartum depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at detecting and managing sleep quality and elevated anxiety among depressed women in pregnancy warrant further investigation as preventative strategies for postpartum depression.
Associations between health literacy and information-evaluation and decision-making skills in Japanese adults
Authors: Nakayama Kazuhiro , Yonekura Yuki , Danya Hitomi , Hagiwara Kanako
Published: August 2022

Background

Health literacy among Japanese is often low, making it difficult for them to evaluate health information and make informed decisions. However, the health literacy scales applied measure the perceived difficulty of health-related tasks; they do not directly assess the specific skills needed to perform the tasks: the skills to judge the reliability of diverse information using evaluation criteria and implement rational decision-making. Therefore, the study objectives were to investigate the following issues using a nationwide survey in Japan. (1) When obtaining information, to what extent do people apply criteria for evaluating information to confirm its reliability; when making decisions, to what extent do they seek out available options and compare pros and cons based on their own values? (2) How strongly are such skills associated with health literacy and demographic characteristics? (3) What opportunities are available to learn these skills?

Methods

We conducted an online questionnaire survey using a Japanese Internet research company; 3,914 valid responses were received. The measures comprised health literacy (European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire), five items on information evaluation, four items on decision-making, and items on the availability and location of learning opportunities. We calculated Pearson correlations to explore the association of health literacy with information-evaluation and decision-making skills. Multivariate analyses were also conducted using these factors as dependent variables.

Results

Fewer than half (30%–50%) of respondents reported always or often evaluating information and engaging in decision-making. Health literacy was significantly and positively correlated with the specific skills of information evaluation and decision-making (r = .26 and .30, respectively) as were multivariate analyses (beta = .15 and .22, respectively).

Over 40% of respondents had never learned those skills. The most common resources for learning the skills were the Internet and television; less-used resources were schools and workplaces.

Conclusions

Both information-evaluation and decision-making skills were associated with health literacy. However, these skills are not sufficiently widespread in Japan because there are few opportunities to acquire them. More research is needed to raise awareness of the importance of such skills for improving health literacy and providing learning opportunities.
Small airway dysfunction in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Xinran , Xie Bingbing , Ban Chenjun , Ren Yanhong , Ye Qiao , Zhu Min , Liu Yan , Zhang Shu , Geng Jing , Jiang Dingyuan , Dai Huaping
Published: August 2022

Background

Recent years, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to be a disease of alveoli as well as small airways. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical feature, predictor, and prognosis of small airway dysfunction (SAD) in Chinese patients with IPF.

Methods

We enrolled 416 patients with IPF who hospitalized in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2000 to 2014 in this study, and the follow-up ended at December 2016. We collected demographic information, clinical examination results, spirometry results, HRCT results, and blood gas results during the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictor for SAD. The COX proportional hazard model was used to analysis the prognosis effect of SAD.

Results

Among all the participants, 165 (39.66%) patients had SAD. FEV1 (% predicted) and FEV3/FVC were significantly associated with SAD in patients with IPF. IPF patients with lower FEV1 (% predicted, OR 30.04, 95% CI 9.61–93.90) and FEV3/FVC (OR 77.76, 95% CI 15.44–391.63) had increased risk for SAD. Patients with SAD were associated with significantly increased risk of mortality in patients with IPF (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02–2.92), as well as in IPF patients without other pulmonary comorbidities (COPD, emphysema, and asthma).

Conclusions

Spirometry-defined SAD was like 40% in patients with IPF. Lower FEV1 (% predicted) and FEV3/FVC were main predictors for SAD. IPF patients with SAD showed poorer prognosis.
Organisation, influence, and impact of patient advisory boards in rehabilitation institutions—an explorative cross-sectional study
Authors: Sagen Joachim , Børøsund Elin , Simonsen Ann Elisabeth , Habberstad Andreas , Kjeken Ingvild , Dagfinrud Hanne , Moe Rikke Helene
Published: August 2022

Background

Patient participation is highlighted as an important facilitator for patient-centered care. Patient participation organised as patient advisory boards (PABs) is an integral part of health care institutions in Norway. More knowledge is needed on how PAB representatives experience patient engagement (PE) with regard to organisation, influence, and impact. The objective was to describe how PAB representatives experience their tasks, roles, and impact on decision-making processes and service delivery in the setting of rehabilitation institutions.

Methods

PAB representatives recruited from rehabilitation institutions completed the Norwegian version of the generic Public and Patient Engagement evaluation tool (Norwegian abbreviation EBNOR). EBNOR is tested for reliability and validity with good results and comprises 35 items within four main domains, policies and practices, participatory culture, collaboration, and influence and impact that provide responses about PE-levels. The domain items are scored from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” on a five-point scale, in addition to a don’t know category. Items in the domain “influence and impact” are scored from “never” to “all of the time” on a four-point scale. Categorical data were summarized using frequencies and percentages, and response categories were collapsed into three PE-levels: barrier, intermediate, and facilitating level. Free-text responses were analysed according to principles of manifest content analysis, summed up, and used to elaborate the results of the scores.

Results

Of the 150 contacted PAB representatives, 47 (32%) consented to participate. The results showed that approximately 75% agreed that the organisation as a whole was strengthened as a result of patient participation. Four out of five domains were scored indicating a facilitating level; policies and practices (53%), participatory culture (53%), collaboration and common purpose (37%), and final thoughts (63%). The modal score in the domain influence and impact was in the intermediate PE-level (44%). Of a total of 34 codes from free text analyses, barriers to PE were coded 26 times, and PE facilitators were coded 8 times.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that most PAB representatives are satisfied with how rehabilitation institutions organise their PAB, but they still experience their impact as limited.