bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Отдаленные результаты иммуносупрессивной терапии у больных апластической анемией (опыт одного центра)
Authors: Шилова Елена Романовна , Романенко Н. А. , Чебыкина Д. А. , Глазанова Т. В. , Зенина М. Н. , Павлова И. Е. , Бессмельцев С. С.
Published: October 2023

Background. Bone marrow transplantation-ineligible aplastic anemia (AA) is most effectively treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST). It yields remissions in most patients. However, it has such disadvantages as frequent relapses, incomplete hematologic recovery, and clonal evolution risk. Besides, АА is not always treated according to standard regimens. For different reasons, some AA patients receive delayed therapy or IST mono-treatment predominantly with cyclosporine A (CsA).

Aim. To assess long-term IST outcomes in AA patients followed-up at the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology for 5 years after therapy onset.

Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 30 AA patients who received IST for more than 5 years (continuous follow-up of 5.5–33 years) with monitoring of the main hemogram parameters and PNH clone size. Patients were aged 19–73 years (median 29 years). There were 8 women and 12 men. Based on international criteria, severe AA (SAA) was initially diagnosed in 18 patients, and non-severe АА (NAA) was diagnosed in 12 patients. Combined IST was administered to 22 patients (18 SAA patients and 4 NAA patients), the remaining 8 patients received ATG (n = 1) and CsA (n = 7).

Results. A response to IST was achieved in 28 (93.3 %) out of 30 patients, 16 (53.3 %) of them showed complete remission. This paper documents the characteristics of hematologic recovery depending on the compliance with standard therapy regimens, as well as on the disease variant, development of late complications and clonal evolution, characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth in 4 female patients in remission. PNH clone increased in more than a half (10 out of 16) patients whose clone was initially > 2.6 %. Long-term clonal evolution to myeloid neoplasia (13 years after IST onset) was registered in 2 (6.7 %) patients with complete AA remission. Aseptic (avascular) osteonecrosis as complication was reported in 6 (20 %) followed-up patients.

Conclusion. The results of the study highlight the importance of and the need for early start and adherence to standard combined IST regimens aimed at optimum therapeutic effect in both SAA and NAA patients, as well as for long-term follow-up of patients after completing IST.
Новые подходы к оценке сердечно-сосудистой токсичности у пациентов с гематологическими злокачественными опухолями (обзор литературы)
Authors: Данилова О. Е. , Гиматдинова Гелия Рифкатовна , Давыдкин И. Л. , Терешина О. В. , Сабанова В. Д. , Давыдкин Г. И.
Published: October 2023

Since 2016, the management of cardiovascular complications has been guided by a few documents that are based on the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and are regularly updated. The present literature review deals with algorithms of diagnosis and correction of cardiovascular adverse events occurring on or after drug chemotherapy in patients with hematological malignancies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the literature data on optimizing the management of chemotherapy recipients, improving their quality of life as well as reducing mortality due to drug therapy-related cardiovascular complications.
Experimental determination of Si, Mg, and Ca isotope fractionation during enstatite melt evaporation
Authors: Lu Wenhua , Weber Richard , Zhang Zhaofeng , Li Yuan
Published: October 2023

Evaporation of silicate materials from Earth or its precursors may be important in shaping their primordial compositions represented by undifferentiated meteorites, e.g., enstatite chondrites; however, the conditions under which evaporation occurs and the extent of evaporation-induced elemental and isotope fractionation remain uncertain. Here, we experimentally determine the volatility and isotope fractionation of Si, Mg, Ca, Nb, and Ta during enstatite melt evaporation at 2423–2623 K using a high-temperature conical nozzle levitator. Homogenous glasses are recovered after experiments; then we use EPMA and LA-ICP-MS to measure the elemental compositions, MC-ICP-MS to measure the Si and Mg isotopes, and TIMS to measure the Ca isotopes. Our results show that the evaporation rates of Si are larger than Mg, and the mean vapor/melt isotope fractionation factors (α = Rvapor/Rmelt; R = isotope ratio) are 0.99585 ± 0.00002 for 29Si/28Si and 0.98942 ± 0.00130 for 25Mg/24Mg. However, neither evaporative loss of Ca, Nb, and Ta nor Ca isotope fractionation was observed within analytical uncertainty. In conjunction with previous studies, we find that in an evaporation experiment the saturation degree (partial vapor pressure/equilibrium vapor pressure) of Si (SSi) is larger than SMg when Si is more volatile than Mg, and vice versa. If the Mg/Ca and Si/Ca ratios and isotopes in the bulk silicate Earth are attributed to the evaporation of enstatite chondrite-like precursors, evaporation temperatures >5000 K and SSi < SMg are required.
The use of fermented minced fish with probiotics in the recipe composition of dry-cured sausages
Authors: Glukharev A. Yu. , Barabashina S. I. , Volchenko V. I. , Zhivlyantseva Ju. V. , Poteshkina V. A. , Uskova I. V.
Published: October 2023

The paper analyzes the effect of using fermented minced fish (FMF) with the L. plantarum probiotic in the formulation of dry-cured sausages on the quality characteristics of the finished product in comparison with sausages based on unprocessed minced fish. The microbiological, physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic properties of the product have been evaluated. The results have shown that dry-cured sausage samples with FMF had a higher content of probiotics (2,5×108 CFU/g) compared to the control sample (6,3×106 CFU/g), which allows a person to fully meet the daily requirement in probiotics with just through the use of 40 g of such a product. The use of FMF in the dry-cured fish sausages provides a safe pH value (5.21) and significant increase in total acidity (1.39 %) compared to the control sample (pH – 6.80 and total acidity – 0.45 %). It has been established that using FMF in the technology of dry-cured fish sausages can reduce the time of their manufacture by increasing the average rate of dehydration of the product. It has been determined that samples of dry-cured sausages with FMF have higher values of hardness and cutting force. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of sausages with FMF has shown good results – 76.85 % of the maximum possible level. Thus, the possibility of using FMF with L. plantarum in the manufacture of dry-cured sausages has been determined. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain a product with a high protein content (32.31 %), enriched with L. plantarum probiotics, having a low pH value and a peculiar sour-milk taste and aroma. Based on the results of the study, normative and technical documentation for this type of product has been developed and approved.
Investigation of the biopotential of products of hydrolysis of waste from cutting the white-legged shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Mezenova O. Ya. , Agafonova S. V. , Romanenko N. Yu. , Kalinina N. S. , Volkov V. V. , Merzel J.-T.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of studying the biopotential of shrimp waste and their hydrolysates is due to the need for complex processing of secondary raw materials of aquatic organisms to obtain useful products. At the fish processing plant Vichyunai-Rus LLC when manufacturing food products from white-legged shrimp, up to 60 % of the mass of waste (cephalothorax, shell) remains. This raw material contains valuable organic components, but is not processed. The paper proposes its complex processing with the production of hydrolysates in two ways – high-temperature and enzymatic. During thermohydrolysis in the aquatic environment, three fractions are formed from shrimp waste (fatty, water-soluble and water-insoluble). After separation, the water-soluble fraction was sublimated, and the water-insoluble fraction was dried by convection. The fat fraction was further purified by washing in warm water. The general chemical composition of shrimp waste and hydrolysis products has been studied. It has been shown that water-soluble hydrolysates are a good source of protein components (66.6–71.6 %). In comparative studies of the amino acid composition of water-soluble hydrolysates, the presence of all essential amino acids is established with minor differences between the samples. Both hydrolysates are dominated by alanine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, valine (3.3–6.4 g/100 g of protein). In terms of formol-titratable nitrogen in fermentolisates, alkalase ferments shrimp waste more actively than collagenase. The fatty acid composition of lipids isolated by thermohydrolysis from shrimp waste has been analyzed. Shrimp oil is characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44.7 %) with a relatively low content of omega-3 family acids (10.7 %) and a high content of omega-6 (33.9 %) at a ratio of 1 : 3.2 (close to the physiologically recommended). The organoleptic characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble shrimp hydrolysates have been studied. Due to the content of valuable biologically active components in hydrolyzates, their use as food and feed additives – sources of active peptides, high-molecular proteins, minerals and chitinous components – is recommended.
Effect of red food bean flour on the rheological properties of pasta
Authors: Maradudin M. S. , Simakova I. V. , Maradudin A. M.
Published: October 2023

Legumes, in particular beans, differ significantly from cereals in protein content, amino acids, micro- and macroelements, so it can be argued that the addition of beans to the composite mixture will improve the nutrient composition and use the final products (pasta or bakery products) as specialized with increased protein content. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of red bean flour on the rheological properties of dough from a composite mixture based on durum wheat grits, as well as to confirm the possibility of using this product for the production of pasta with high protein content. The influence of beans has been determined by establishing a correlation between the qualitative characteristics of the components of the composite mixture and the rheological properties of the dough based on them. The objects of research are grains of durum wheat variety Krasnokutka-13, whole-ground flour from red food beans and composite mixtures based on them in a percentage ratio: 90 : 10, 80 : 20, 70 : 30, 60 : 40, 50 : 50, 40 : 60, 30 : 70, 20 : 80, and 10 : 90, as well as pasta from composite mixtures. The expediency of using bean flour for the production of pasta has been confirmed. The data obtained are applicable for the preparation and conduct of clinical trials of universal mixtures with high protein content based on bean flour in patients with diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Fish quality monitoring for sustainable product safety
Authors: Reznichenko I. Yu. , Egushova E. A. , Donchenko T. А.
Published: October 2023

To provide consumers with high-quality and safe products, to prevent the entry of low-quality and dangerous food products into the consumer market, monitoring programs are provided. The results of monitoring samples of frozen fish of various families and species for the period 2020–2022 have been given. Labeling, organoleptic indicators of fish samples have been analyzed for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. The mass fraction of glaze, the mass fraction of phosphates in terms of P2O5, the content of histamine, toxic elements: lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic have been determined. Labeling deficiencies are revealed in 1.3 % of the samples. A small, inaccessible font (less than 9 points) makes it difficult for the consumer to obtain complete information about the product. An excess of the mass fraction of glaze on average 0.7–0.8 % in pike perch samples has been revealed. The actual values of the mass fraction of phosphates have not exceeded the maximum allowable limits. The lowest content of phosphates has been noted in samples of pike perch (from 2.3 to 2.0 g/kg), the highest in pink salmon (from 5.0 to 4.1 g/kg) and salmon (5.2–4.7 g/kg). The content of histamine in all samples has been within the normal range. The smallest amount of histamine has been found in samples of mackerel (from 18.0 to 11.0 mg/kg) and pollock (17.0–11.0 mg/kg), the largest in pink salmon (25.0–16.0 mg/kg) and herring (22.0–19.0 mg/kg). The concentration of heavy metals has not exceeded the maximum allowable values. The results obtained are of practical importance for manufacturers in the development of labeling that satisfies consumer demand for information about the product and for consumers in the formation of the diet.
Development of an ice cream recipe using mare's milk and polysaccharides
Authors: Saukenova M. M. , Nurgalieva B. M. , Beloglazova K. E. , Ushakova Yu. V. , Rysmukhambetova G. Y.
Published: October 2023

The use of mare's milk in mass nutrition is due to its medicinal and dietary properties. The ice cream recipe created as a result of research has included mare's milk, sugar, vanillin, pasteurized chicken yolks, and polysaccharides. The test samples have contained polysaccharides from 0.1 to 1.0 %: guarana; locust bean gum; gum arabic; xanthan gum; apple pectin; bamboo fibers; apple fibers. Based on the organoleptic evaluation, the best samples of ice cream with xanthan gum at the concentration of 0.1 % and bamboo fibers at the concentration of 0.4 % have been selected. In the course of studying the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of a new dairy product, it has been found that ice cream with the addition of polysaccharides in terms of the content of toxic elements, pesticides and radionuclides meets the food safety standards. The developed ice cream can be recommended to all segments of the population as a source of calcium, phosphorus and iron. The results of the analysis of physicochemical and microbiological parameters contribute to the formation of a theoretical basis for studying the properties of polysaccharides – xanthan gum and bamboo fibers. The use of these polysaccharides in mare's milk ice cream opens up prospects for their further use in the food industry.
Beet pulp of sugar production and prospects for its use
Authors: Slavyansky A. A. , Mitroshina D. P. , Gribkova V. A. , Ermolaev V. A. , Bondarchuk O. N.
Published: October 2023

Due to the latest scientific achievements new opportunities have appeared for deeper processing of not only raw materials, but also by-products of the country's agro-industrial complex. Beet sugar production is a source of a number of by-products such as beet pulp, molasses and filter cake. Domestic sugar production refers to material-intensive industries, since the volume of vegetable raw materials, as well as by-products formed in the technological process, is several times higher than the yield of finished products – white sugar. Insufficient attention to the problems of more complete processing of by-products of sugar beet production may be the cause of environmental degradation. Currently, not only the regulatory documentation regulating the quality indicators of raw materials used and finished products of the industry has been updated, but also the definition of by-products of sugar production, formed in the production of white sugar, has been clarified. In particular, by-products of the sugar beet industry can be used to extract useful components from them, suitable for the production of new food products with increased nutritional value. The main attention in the paper is paid to promising areas for the use of beet pulp for the production of new types of food products. A method has been developed for the production of sugar syrup enriched with pectin extract of beet pulp. The addition of beet pulp pectin extract to the syrup not only increases the nutritional value, but also improves its technological properties while expanding the range of new types of food products and their properties.
On the issue of improving the mathematical model of the pyrolysis process in smoke generators with thermal radiation power supply of periodic and continuous action
Authors: Shokin G. O. , Mandryka K. S. , Shokina Yu. V.
Published: October 2023

The widespread use of smoking in the technologies of meat and fish products increases the urgency of the problem of increasing the carcinogenic safety of technological smoking media. Controlling the pyrolysis temperature of wood fuel in smoke generators is an effective way to solve this problem. The aim of the study is to create a mathematical model of the continuous process of producing smoky smoke in a smoke generator with a thermoradiative energy supply to optimize its temperature conditions and increase the carcinogenic safety of the produced smoky fume. The thermophysical characteristics (TPC) of a wood fuel layer with different humidity and bulk density – thermal conductivity coefficient, volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity coefficient – have been experimentally determined. A mathematical description of the continuous process of smoke generation with thermal radiation energy supply in the form of a system of differential equations of heat and mass transfer has been proposed. The simulation of the temperature in the generating fuel layer with the refined TPC of the layer has been performed, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the previously developed model for the periodic device.
Mediating role of authenticity in the relationship between destination image and destination loyalty
Authors: Yuliana Yayuk , Sulistya Rini Endang , Sirojuzilam  , Helmi Situmorang Syafrizal , Syahputra Silalahi Amlys
Published: October 2023

Destination loyalty has become a topic that needs attention in tourism research, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic because it affects the number of visitors to tourist sites. This study aims to test the effect of destination image on destination loyalty through destination authenticity. The respondents in this study were visitors to the Ecotourism Mount Leuser National Park in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to 301 respondents using purposive sampling. The data were processed using SEM-PLS methods. The results show that destination image influences destination authenticity (p-value <0.05). Next, destination authenticity affects destination loyalty (p-value <0.05) and destination image influences destination loyalty (p-value < 0.05). Finally, destination image through destination authenticity influences destination loyalty (p-value < 0.05). The findings of this study can be beneficial to the respective governmental bodies that seeks to improve destination authenticity and destination image to enhance destination loyalty of visitors and promote revisit intentions toward the Ecotourism Mount Leuser National Park in Indonesia. This study can be used as a reference for tourist destination managers to increase destination loyalty by maintaining and managing the tourist destination area properly. The government acts as a policymaker and is responsible for preserving the environmental impact of tourism, such as pollution, other environmental hazards, and land use issues stemming from poor planning, regulation, and engineering of the site, attractions, and facilities.
AcknowledgmentThis study is funded by the DRTPM of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, grant number [097/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022], for the 2022 fiscal year.
Emotive vocabulary as a manipulative marker of destruction in the migrant-oriented discourse of mass media: Based on the material of the European Union, Russia, Armenia and Kazakhstan
Authors:   Democritus University of Thrace, Amiridou Stefania , Lagutkina Margarita D. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Jilkishieva Maira S. ,   Auezov South Kazakhstan State University
Published: October 2023

Any migration shows the full range of emotional assessments of people, which often leads to behavioral destructions. Emotive linguomigratiology recognizes that emotions play a decisive role in the adaptation of the host linguoculture. Migration transforms communication, post-Soviet Russophony has a significant linguistic and cultural distance depending on the country of origin. The analysis of empirical material made it possible to distinguish between migration discourse and migrant-oriented discourses reflecting the problems of migration and migrants. The analysis of the emotive space of the post-Soviet migrant-oriented discourse is based on the theory of emotions and linguomigrationology, taking into account the principle of representativeness. This approach allows us to dissect the macrostructure of polycode migrant-oriented discourses of Armenia, the EU, Kazakhstan and Russia, interpret these discourses in the context of emotivity of different linguistic cultures, solving communicative tasks. The difference in the perception of ethnopsycholinguistic norms in migration processes contributes to the appearance of linguistic and cultural shock in all participants of migration, modeling the development of negative scenarios in both the releasing and the receiving society. The relevance of the proposed work is due to the growth of migration between the countries of Europe and Asia, which naturally increases the interest in studying the ethno-sociocultural characteristics of these countries. Analyzing another world through the prism of a foreign language means entering another culture with other speech and behavioral norms, causing changes in the value matrix of a linguistic personality. Gaps in the background knowledge of the host country become a source of emotively colored vocabulary in the speech of migrants. The article is written on the material of open sources of mass media. The article is intended for specialists in the field of migration, political science, linguistics, intercultural communication, history, psychology, sociology, journalism.
Specificity of linguistic parameterization of destructive mass media text with devaluation of historical memory
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Karabulatova Irina S. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University,   Heilongjiang University, Kopnina Galina A. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: October 2023

Scientific problems are posed: definitions of destructiveness in the aspect of correlation with related concepts (manipulativeness, illegality, toxicity, etc.); selection and systematization of criteria for destructive text. The solution of these problems is recognized as extremely important in the context of increasing threats to the national security of society and the state. The conceptual apparatus and methodology of linguistic research of a destructive text are also considered. The destructeme is interpreted as a key semantic unit of the text, which is determined based on the intention of destruction inherent in it and the corresponding purpose of influence, which find expression in its linguistic fabric. Linguistic parameterization of the destructive is defined by the authors of the article as the identification of verbal and nonverbal (in the case of its creolization) indicators of destructive meaning and their description (the first stage), as well as linguistic processing for subsequent automatic recognition (the second stage). The article examines the first stage of linguistic parameterization and offers a brief description of the destructive resources used in mass media texts, which trace the strategy of devaluing the achievements of the country and the historically significant personalities associated with them. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that this type of destructeme, being aimed at transforming the recipients’ worldview and destroying the objective perception of reality, poses a threat to the national security of the state, contributing in a certain context to the involvement of citizens in socially dangerous or potentially dangerous groups and communities. The method of linguistic parameterization of destructive text is in demand by modern applied linguistics and in the future should be specified in relation to the types of destructive texts correlated with the types of destructeme.
«…It was done by Soviet scientists»: Representations of scientific social practices in Soviet magazines for children (the 1980s)
Authors:   Penza State University, Dubrovskaya Tatiana V. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: October 2023

The author explores the texts of Soviet periodicals for children and sets the task to reveal how science is represented in relation to state policy, as well as defining the semiotic resources that convey grown-ups’ social practices to children’s audience. Methodologically, the study builds on content analysis and discourse analysis of the publications drawn from the magazines “Pioneer” and “Kostyor”. It has been found that publications on science occupied an important place in the magazines, sections on science were regular, and most of them had exact and natural sciences as their subject. Specific features of representations have been discovered, including references to experts’ opinions, channeling of agonality, emotions and ideologies. The validity of scientific information provided was guaranteed by the expert status of the author or commentator: their professionalism and public recognition. The texts contained argumentation tactics that were typical of academic communication, and thus, grown-ups’ social practices were transferred to children’s magazines. The author claims that the rational sphere of science was discursively constructed as a source of emotional experience, specifically — the feeling of wonder. The factual component was complemented by the emotional modus and actualized through the lexical markers of wonder, evaluative elements and stylistic devices. The journals were used as an instrument of dialogue between the state and a younger generation, and the representations of scientific social practices contained markers of ideology. The author claims that convergence of scientific, media and political discourses is taking place in the process of representation of scientific practices. The resulting representations build axiological attitudes of a younger generation, maintain ideological guidelines, and determine a scientific and ideological worldview.
The representation of the science media image (exemplified by mediatexts of the regional online news publication 1obl.ru)
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Mamonova Natalya V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to identifying a science media image speech representation’ features in the official online news publication of the Chelyabinsk region, covering the events of the industrial Russian region. The news media texts of the regional news portal 1obl.ru served as the object of the study, selected by systematic sampling, relevant to the keyword “science”. The specific formation of science media image is analyzed by frequency and infrequent content analysis. The analysis’ unit is the frequent lexemes of the text corpus relevant to the topic of science. To implement frequency content analysis, automatic semantic processing is used, which allows to identify discursive features, nuclear and peripheral semantic constructions of the concept, transmitting frequent patterns of behavior and cultural and value orientations. The Miratext automatic semantic analysis program is used as a toolkit. Infrequent content analysis provides for the definition of linguistic and cognitive mechanisms by which the media image of science is presented, emotional and value characteristics, as a result of which significant semantic components included in the structure of the concept “science” are determined and, moreover, checks the accuracy of entering into the semantic structures of the concept, eliminates statistical errors of automatic semantic analysis. The analysis of the material suggests that the media coverage of the region’s scientific potential, the emotional background and the connotations should be taken into account. This stimulates the involvement, interest and increases the literacy of the regional reader in the development of regional science, as well as raises the prestige of the region. The explanatory function of media publications contributes to the adoption of state priorities in the field of science and the consolidation of value orientations in the linguistic consciousness of the reader. The conclusions present the identified features of the South Ural’ science media image.
Ways of transformation of phraseological units in the modern press
Authors:   Chernyshevsky Saratov State University, Degaltseava Anna V. , Kormilitsyna Margarita A. ,   Chernyshevsky Saratov State University
Published: October 2023

One of the ways of intellectualization of modern media is a language game, the manifestation of which can be attributed to the transformation of the form and meaning of phraseological units. The purpose of this article is to study the functioning of transformed phraseological units in modern press. The research is carried out on the material of phraseological units that have undergone structural and semantic transformations. The material was extracted from the modern press. The research is based on the use of introspective, interpretive and contextual methods of analysis, as well as the reception of quantitative processing of the material. The analysis has shown that in the modern press, the main methods of phraseological transformation are literalization, double actualization and contamination of meanings, replacement, addition or elimination of a component. Among them, the most common is double actualization. Through this technique, the journalist places the phraseologies in the context in which the direct and metaphorical meaning of its components are realized simultaneously. The journalist’s tendency to transform phraseological units to solve stylistic problems is due to his creative thinking and is explained by the desire for a language game with the addressee. As a rule, this phenomenon is observed in analytical articles. Creatively transformed phraseological units are most often found in the heading complex as a strong position of the text. The stylistic affiliation of transformed phraseological units is determined by the characteristics of the press. In newspapers published for a mass audience, phraseological units that are characteristic of colloquial speech and vernacular are often used. In publications for the intellectual addressee, phraseological units peculiar to book speech are regularly found. The transformation of stable expressions is an active, but still insufficiently studied, speech phenomenon.
Interactive component of media content as a means of community formation
Authors:   Derzavin Tambov State University, Zvereva Ekaterina A. , Shesterina Alla M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: October 2023

The development and improvement of communication strategies of the information society through the formation of interactive network communication and the activation of interactive interaction processes in the media sphere make the issue of studying the potential of interactive communication in the aspect of community formation especially relevant. The research task of the article is to analyze the interactive components of media content and the communicative practices of building a dialogic model of communication as a means of forming a community. The study is based on the empirical material of the media community focused on the audience of the most popular channels for broadcasting information in the media environment — the Afisha Daily entertainment web platform and popular channels of the Russianspeaking sector YouTube. The authors of the article used textological, comparative-typological and historical-functional methods to analyze these platforms. This technique makes it possible to carry out a productive study of the forms of increasing the interactivity of the audience of the media community in the content and technical aspects. In the course of studying intra-text and out-of-text forms of increasing interactivity within each aspect, a conclusion was made about the main conditions for the successful functioning of the media community: positioning one’s own values for the audience, building storytelling and personalized communication and etc. As a result, interactive communication in a network environment acquires obvious features in terms of a whole range of parameters that distinguish it from linear communication: psychological dynamics, semiotic specialization, social distance and others. All these parameters stimulate the creation of a common field of communication and form media communities, which subsequently turn into real ones, which confirms the authors’ conviction that the network environment is a favorable platform for the formation of a community.
Where Did the Black Hundreds Disappear? Electoral Statistics as a Source for the Study of the National Identity of Ukrainian Peasantry at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Chemakin A. A.
Published: October 2023

The article traces the fates of the members of the Black Hundred organizations of Right-Bank Ukraine after the revolution of 1917. In 1905–1917, this region was one of the centers of the monarchist movement, and the Pochaev department of the Union of the Russian People was the most numerous black hundred organization in the Russian Empire. There is a lot of indirect evidence that after the overthrow of the monarchy, many Black Hundreds of the Right Bank found themselves in the ranks of Ukrainians and Bolsheviks, actively participating in various rebel detachments and gangs, but it is impossible to draw far-reaching conclusions based on such sources, most often of a memoir nature. To understand what happened to the former black-hundredists and in which political camp they found themselves, the author turns to electoral statistics. Comparing the data about the size of organizations of the Union of the Russian People in different settlements of the Kiev province in the 1910s with the results of the elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly in 1917–1918 in the same localities, the author comes to the conclusion that the former black-hundredists did not vote for Russian nationalists and monarchists, but for the Ukrainian Social revolutionaries and occasionally for the Bolsheviks, that is, for the parties that promised a radical solution to the agrarian question. At the same time, the peasants who voted for the socialists because of the desire to divide the landowners’ land, did not support the party programs of the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionaries and Bolsheviks on other issues, retaining elements of the black-hundred worldview. This is why during the Civil War “black-hundred sentiments” could be found both in the army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and in the Red Army.
The Official Image of Soviet Authority in Russia (October 1917 — December 1929)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Shishkin V. I.
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the formation of the official image of the Soviet authority from its establishment at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies until the end of the 1920s when the NEP was basically over. The author grounds the study on the fact that the supreme authority directly controlled the completion of this task, but its composition and subordination during the studied period changed significantly due to the rise of emergency state bodies and the governing structures of the party to the highest echelon of power, as well as gradual occupation by Communist party’s bodies of dominant positions over the Soviet ones. The article shows what factors influenced the content and structure of the image of authority and how it changed. The author believes that three key factors shaped the image of Soviet authority the most: the theory of Marxism, mainly the doctrine of the dictatorship of the proletariat; the views of the Bolshevik political elite, primarily the leader of the Bolsheviks, V. I. Lenin and in the late 1920s, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the AUCP(b), I. V. Stalin; the objective international and domestic military-political and socio-economic situation in which Soviet Russia found itself. During the above period, the role of the first factor gradually decreased; the views of V. I. Lenin began to be praised in some ritual manner. In the second half of the 1920s, the pragmatic views of the Bolshevik elite became decisively important, which at first were diverse, but by the end of the decade were completely determined by I. V. Stalin, who identified himself as the successor of V. I. Lenin and the new leader of the party and the whole country. The author develops an idea that, due to the above reasons, the image of the Soviet authority was not stable.
Why Hadn’t the Russian Federation Collapse in 1991?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mironov B. N.
Published: October 2023

Parade of the sovereignties of the autonomous republics in 1990–1991 led to the disintegration of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Moldova and brought the Russian Federation to the brink of collapse. The main centers of separatism in the Russian Federation were Chechnya and Dagestan, but separatist sentiments and movements were widespread in Ingushetia, Tuva, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Yakutia and Buryatia. In the 1990s from 31 to 75 points of ethno-territorial tensions in Russia were recorded. Researchers expresses different points of view on the reasons for the development of nationalism in the autonomous republics. According to one of them, in the republics, under the influence of Moscow’s national policy, ambitious national elites were formed, which became the driving force behind the development of separatism. In this article, this point of view is tested on the data of the all-Union population censuses of 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989. The analysis of the national composition of the governing bodies in 1917–1989 allows us to propose the following periodization of the process of indigenization of management in autonomies: 1) 1917–1939 — intensive increase in the ethno-political status of the titular peoples and national minorities in general and negative discrimination against Russians, 2) 1940–1956 — democratic alignment of ethnic statuses, 3) 1956–1989 — moderate increase in the ethno-political status of the titular peoples and non-Russian ethnic groups in general and negative discrimination against Russians. Increasing the representativeness and role of non-Russian ethnic groups and the decline in the representativeness and role of Russians in the administration of autonomies were the main trends in the Soviet period.
The Russian Army in the Electoral Battles of 1993–1999
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Volgin E. I.
Published: October 2023

The formation of electoral democracy in Russia coincided with the entry of the state into a crisis phase of systemic transformation. The position of the military became especially difficult, which turned into an impoverished “military electorate”, for whose votes various parties fought. The purpose of the article is based on the study of specialized literature, as well as the analysis of a wide range of sources (periodicals, sociological research, electoral legislation) to consider the electoral behavior of military personnel in an extremely difficult situation that has developed both in the army and in the country. The relevance of the topic is an attempt to identify contradictions between the true electoral sympathies of soldiers and officers and the desire of the high command to influence the process of the free expression of their subordinates, as well as to distort the voting results in a more favorable light to convince the authorities of the loyalty of the Armed Forces. The scientific novelty consists in conducting a comprehensive study using an interdisciplinary approach (formal legal, historical, sociological, etc.). The article examines the norms of electoral legislation that regulated the process of implementing the electoral and political rights of military personnel, reveals the socio-political phenomenon of the “military electorate”, examines the federal election campaigns of 1993–1999. Since 1993, genuine election results in the army environment have been characterized by a high level of protest voting. But as soon as in the late 1990s there were trends to improve the situation, as well as a leader who put defense and security issues at the forefront, the army immediately felt and supported these changes. At the same time, the Russian army itself in the 1990s did not try to act as a consolidated electoral force to influence the crisis.
“A Threat to the Childhood”: Civil War in the Pyrenees in the Coverage of Soviet Periodicals for Children
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilyukha O. P.
Published: October 2023

In 1936–1939, the Spanish Civil War was a hot topic used for military-patriotic upbringing and political socialization of children. This article shows has the events in Spain were portrayed in periodicals for preschoolers and primary schoolchildren, including texts and visualizations. While the official perspective of the Spanish events in the USSR was dictated by the Party, children’s optics was tuned using its own means and methods, customized to the psychology of this age group. The article discloses the goals of exploiting this topic in the Soviet child-targeting discourse, reveals the most common plotlines, pinpoints the specific emotion-inciting tricks. In propaganda work with children, the extreme polarization of good and evil was used, embodied in two political forces — fascists and republicans. The theme was adapted for children through the extensive use of peer images, central among which were child heroes and child martyrs. The image of the Spanish child-hero corresponded to the Soviet concept of a child walking in the forefront of society. At the same time, attention was focused on the difficulties experienced by the children of Spain, who experienced a “threat to childhood”, which fed the ideologeme of “happy Soviet childhood”, the exclusivity of Soviet children. The participation of powerful artistic forces in the information campaign resulted in the construction of a sublimely romantic image of Spain and the Spaniards with an aura of inflexibility and fortitude, corresponding to the ideal of a Soviet person. There was a feeling of connection between the Soviet and Spanish loci of heroism and people of heroic professions, among which pilots and border guards came to the fore. The figures selected to create the pantheon of Civil War heroes and the ways to fit the images of Franco and Stalin into the context are demonstrated.
Gabriele Crespi Reghizzi and his time: A comparative lawyer against the background of the epoch
Authors:   University of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Cavalieri Renzo , Anisimov Oleg ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to an Italian lawyer, a prominent specialist in comparative law Gabriele Crespi Reghizzi (1941–2022), who in the last period of his life worked at the Department of Law of St. Petersburg State University. It talks about main milestones of his academic career: emergence of interest in Soviet and Chinese law, acquaintance with leading scientists in these fields, creation of innovative works. In addition to the law of the USSR and China, he was interested in the law of states of Eastern Europe, India and Africa, focusing on not only genesis of legal systems, but also their development and interaction in the context of international relations. The knowledge and experience of G.Crespi Reghizzi, as it seemed, should have remained within the framework of a narrow academic interest, but economic reforms in China in the 1970s and 1980s and political changes in Europe in the 1980s and early 1990s gave them a fresh start. Professor G.Crespi Reghizzi was widely known by his professional activity as a business lawyer, international commercial judge, consultant on legal aid projects for post-Soviet states. His contribution to the codification of civil law in Russia is noted. Among G.Crespi Reghizzi’s distinctive features as a scientist, the author notes his extremely attentive attitude to legal terminology, and in the case of the Chinese language — to legal ideography, extensive use of primary sources and non-traditional sources, knowledge of several foreign languages. He attracted people, students and colleagues, by virtue of his personal qualities as attentiveness, spiritual generosity, originality of views, willingness to share his exotic experiences. To compile a complete bibliography of G.Crespi Reghizzi’s works seems to be quite difficult, since, besides professional legal publications and publishing houses, he willingly published in a variety of places and forms, wrote a lot of practical and popular scientific works, not to mention the linguistic diversity of his publications. Nevertheless, the article presents his main works, which made a great contribution to understanding the legal system of socialist and post-socialist countries and comparative law.
A comparative overview on agricultural contracts in Sudan
Authors:   Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Piccinelli Gian M.
Published: October 2023

Sudan, like other African nations, has experienced challenges related to land ownership, aggravated by its previous status as the largest country in Africa before South Sudan’s secession. Traditionally, land in Sudan has been held collectively by tribes, managed by chiefs or tribal leaders through customary regulations. In this system, an individual’s right to land is derived from their membership in the community or tribe. Specific areas for communal use are exclusively reserved under customary law, where individuals can access them as a shared resource. This concept aligns with the notion of a native common good in modern terms, as described by the economic analysis of law, where ownership rights prevent individuals from excluding others. The right to exclude others does not apply in this case. These customary traditions remained mostly unaffected by colonial and post-colonial governments, which introduced a separate land tenure system based on the state’s authority to allocate land. Alongside these customs, Islam, as a religious faith, also played a significant role, providing principles and regulations that intertwined with customary traditions to form a binding body of law. However, the religious rules themselves are only one component of the living law, whose content is shaped through the interaction with customary practices. Official land law in Sudan, influenced by colonial practices, has undergone modifications under successive governments but remains fundamentally rooted in the colonial land laws. These laws were initially implemented to confiscate large land areas for commercial farming, particularly cotton production, and to regulate urban residency in support of colonial regime security. One of the fundamental issues related to rural land tenure stems from the principle introduced by the British colonial power in 1898, which assumes that unregistered land is owned by the government unless proven otherwise. Considering the premises, the purpose of this contribution is to analyse the land laws in Sudan and, in particular, the main type of agrarian contracts.