bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esports Research: Critical, Empirical, and Historical Studies of Competitive Videogame Play
Authors: Steinkuehler Constance
Published: March 2019

Despite the rise of esports over the last decade, to date there is little effort to coordinate research related to the subject. This special issue attempts to address this gap by presenting a diversity of research exemplars from scholars both within and outside the United States The articles included herein were culled from the top peer-reviewed papers presented at the first annual Esports Research Conference ( https://uciesc.org ) held October 2018 at the University of California, Irvine, attended by more than 200 academic researchers and esports industry professionals. Together, the collection of articles represents the range of theoretical, methodological, and thematic perspectives in contemporary esports research.
Double Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Valve Replacements for Failed Surgical Bioprosthetic Aortic and Tricuspid Valves
Authors: Lee Kyongjune B. , Trachiotis Gregory D. , Reiner Jonathan S. , Nagy Christian D.
Published: March 2019

Transcatheter technology has revolutionized the treatment of valvular disease in the field of cardiology and cardiac surgery. We present an interesting case of a patient with prior double valve replacements, which had degenerated after a decade, with symptoms of decompensated heart failure. The patient was successfully treated with double valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic and tricuspid valve replacement.
Early Discharge Does Not Increase Readmission Rates After Minimally Invasive Anatomic Lung Resection
Authors: Chevrollier Guillaume S. , Nemecz Amanda K. , Devin Courtney , Go Kendrick V. , Yi Misung , Keith Scott W. , Cowan Scott W. , Evans Nathaniel R.
Published: March 2019

Objective

Enhanced recovery pathways reduce length of stay and costs following lung resection. However, many fear that early discharge may lead to increased hospital readmissions. In this study, we aimed to determine whether early discharge was associated with increased readmission following anatomic lung resection.

Methods

Using the lung resection database approved by our institutional review board, we identified all patients undergoing minimally invasive lobectomy and segmentectomy between January 2010 and March 2017 at our institution, where an enhanced recovery pathway is well established. Thirty-day readmissions were compared between patients with short- and average length of stay, defined as 1 to 2 days and 3 to 5 days, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of patients matched by propensity scores was performed to determine odds of 30-day readmission for each group. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

A total of 296 patients met inclusion criteria. Unadjusted analysis revealed a 3-fold increased rate of readmission in the group with average length of stay (9%, n = 12) versus the group with short length of stay (3%, n = 5; P < 0.01). At baseline, patients with average length of stay had increased rates of preoperative chemotherapy (13%, n = 18 vs. 4%, n = 6; P < 0.01) and radiation (12%, n = 16 vs. 3%, n = 5). Patients with average length of stay also had higher rates of lobectomy (95%, n = 127 vs. 86%, n = 140; P = 0.02) and postoperative complications (31%, n = 41 vs. 4%, n = 7; P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, patients with average length of stay had a 2.3-fold greater odds of readmission, which was not statistically significant (OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 0.60 to 9.02; P = 0.22).

Conclusions

Early discharge following minimally invasive anatomic lung resection does not increase the risk of hospital readmission in patients treated within an enhanced recovery pathway.
The effect of TEVAR for blunt traumatic thoracic aortic injury on maximal aortic diameter: Mid- and long-term outcome
Authors: Mufty Hozan , Maleux Geert , Houthoofd Sabrina , Cornelissen Sandra A , Daenens Kim , Bonne Lawrence , Fourneau Inge
Published: March 2019

Objective

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the standard of care for blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI). Long-term effects of TEVAR on the aortic diameter are not well studied. This study evaluates the effect of TEVAR for BTAI on the aortic diameter in mid- and long-term follow-up.

Methods

All patients treated with TEVAR for BTAI between August 2000 and May 2016 were included. Maximum aortic diameter was measured at four predetermined thoracic aortic levels in the preoperative and first postoperative CT angiography (CTa) and in the last control CTa or MR angiography: 1 cm proximal (D1) and 1 cm distal to the left subclavian artery (D2), 3 cm distal to the left subclavian artery (D3) and 3 cm proximal to the celiac trunk (D4).

Results

A total of 27 patients (20 men, mean age 40 years (±17.55) were included. Mean follow-up time was 90 months (±48.36)). No re-interventions were needed. Mean growth of aortic diameter at level D1, D2, D3 and D4 was 0.22 mm ± 3.66, 1.79 mm ± 3.82, 0.73 mm ± 4.18 and –1.06 mm ± 2.82, respectively, when comparing last follow-up to the preoperative imaging without any statistical significant differences. When comparing the preoperative diameter with the first postoperative CT, only a statistical significant growth of 2.81 mm ± 2.69 was seen at level of D2 ( p < 0.05)

Conclusion

During mid- to long-term follow-up, a temporary significant increase of the maximum aortic diameter was seen at level D2 in the direct postoperative phase This increase was not associated with clinical events and suggests long-term efficacy of TEVAR after BTAI.
lloprost delivered via the BREELIBTM nebulizer: a review of the clinical evidence for efficacy and safety
Authors: Gessler Tobias
Published: March 2019

Inhaled iloprost is a well-established medication to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a serious and potentially fatal disease of the pulmonary resistance vessels. The therapeutic administration of iloprost requires six to nine inhalations per day, due to the short biological half-life of this prostacyclin analogue. The I-NebTM AADTM, introduced in 2006, is the most commonly used nebulizer for delivering iloprost, requiring at least 6.5 min for an inhaled dose of 5 µg. In order to reduce inhalation time, a portable nebulizer based on modern-device technology was developed. The acute safety and tolerability of rapid iloprost inhalation via the BREELIBTM nebulizer was assessed in a four-part clinical trial. In this review, I describe the rationale and features of the new nebulizer, with particular emphasis on the safety and tolerability profile of iloprost inhalation via BREELIBTM observed in the first clinical studies. Meanwhile, the BREELIBTM nebulizer is approved and available for inhaled iloprost therapy combining significantly reduced inhalation time with good tolerability. This new approach will certainly improve patient convenience and compliance, possibly resulting in broader acceptance and improved efficacy of iloprost aerosol therapy in PAH.

The reviews of this paper are available via the supplementary material section.
Insights into the role of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Levy Alexander N. , Allegretti Jessica R.
Published: March 2019

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has changed the treatment landscape of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Emerging evidence has shown that FMT can also be an effective and safe treatment strategy in CDI with underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, randomized controlled trials of FMT in ulcerative colitis support its expanding role in restoring gut homeostasis in this disease. However, heterogeneous study designs leave several questions yet to be answered, including how to best position this novel therapy in the treatment approach of Crohn’s disease and pouchitis. Additional studies are needed to validate whether FMT can assume a complementary role in the standard treatment of IBD.
Mass Media as a Source of Public Responsiveness
Authors: Neuner Fabian G. , Soroka Stuart N. , Wlezien Christopher
Published: March 2019

A sizable literature finds evidence of public responsiveness to policy change, across a range of salient policy domains and countries. We have a very limited sense for what drives this aggregate-level responsiveness, however. One possibility is that individuals learn at least part of what they need to know from mass media. Work tends to emphasize failures in both media coverage and citizens, but little research explores the prevalence of relevant, accurate information in media content, or citizens’ abilities to identify and respond to that information. Using the case of defense spending in the United States, we examine both, through an automated content analysis of thirty-five years of reporting, validated by a coding exercise fielded to survey respondents. Results prompt analyses of the American National Election Study (ANES), tracing both individual-level perceptions of and preferences for defense spending change over time. These results, supplemented by aggregate analyses of the General Social Survey (GSS), illustrate how media might facilitate—but also confuse—public responsiveness.
The Comparation of Intraperitoneal Injection and Nasal-only Delivery Allergic Rhinitis Model Challenged With Different Allergen Concentration
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhou Yue , Zhu Yun , Yu Wenting , Wang Jinghui , Fu Junmei , Yuan Yang , Yu Zizhong , Chen Shan , Wang Yanjun , Chen Jianjun , Kong Weijia
Published: March 2019

Background

Predominantly, 2 animal models are used for allergic rhinitis (AR), which are established by intraperitoneal (IP) injection plus local challenge and nasal-only delivery. The differences between these 2 models are not fully understood. Moreover, dose–response relationship to allergens remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, mice were sensitized by nasal drops (without adjuvant, once daily for 9 weeks) to set up a nasal-only delivery AR model. Five different doses of ovalbumin (OVA) nasal drops were served to explore the dose–response to allergens. Allergic symptoms, serum antibodies (IgE, IgG2a, and IgG1), spleen supernatant and nasal lavage fluid (NALF) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-r), and infiltrated eosinophils of the nasal mucosa were observed.

Results

The allergic symptoms, serum antibodies, cytokines, and infiltrated eosinophils were significantly higher in the high OVA concentration compared with those of the control group. Different OVA concentrations associated with the severity of allergy. Within a certain concentration range, OVA concentration positively related to the severity of symptoms, IgE antibody level, and Th2 bias. Meanwhile, serum antibodies (IgE and IgG1) and cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 in spleen and IL-4 in NALF) were significantly higher in the classical IP injection group than in the nasal drip groups.

Conclusion

The IP injection model and the nasal-only delivery model are 2 typical models for AR that causes a different immune response. A positive dose–response relationship in the nasal-only delivery model is observed from 25 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL.
Expression of IL-25, IL-33, and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Nasal Polyp Gland Duct Epithelium in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nagata Yoshiyuki , Maruoka Shuichiro , Gon Yasuhiro , Mizumura Kenji , Kishi Hiroyuki , Nomura Yasuyuki , Hikichi Mari , Hashimoto Shu , Oshima Takeshi
Published: March 2019

Background

Nasal polyps accompany eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). Cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressed in nasal mucosa have been implicated in polyp pathogenesis. We investigated the role of nasal polyp epithelium cytokine expression in eosinophilic infiltration in ECRS.

Methods

Tissues were collected from 39 patients undergoing nasal surgery. Cases were divided into 3 groups: control (CTR), non-ECRS (nECRS), and ECRS and were evaluated for IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP expression.

Results

Abundant eosinophilia was observed underneath the nasal mucosa and around the nasal ducts in polyps in ECRS and correlated positively with IL-33 protein expression.

Conclusion

Cytokine expression in nasal duct cells and eosinophilic infiltration around duct cells similar to those in the nasal mucosa occurred in the nasal epithelium of polyps, suggesting its role in inducing eosinophilic inflammation.
Children’s development, capability approaches and postdevelopmental child: The birth to four curriculum in South Africa
Authors: Murris Karin
Published: March 2019

This article explores how three well-known conceptual frameworks view child development and how they assume particular figurations of the child in the context of the South African National Curriculum Framework for Children from Birth to Four. This new curriculum is based on a children’s rights framework. The capability approaches offer important insights for children’s rights advocates, but, like psychosocial theories of child development, assumes a ‘becoming-adult view of child’, which poses a serious threat to children’s right to genuine participation. They also share the exclusive focus on understanding development as located ontologically in the individualised human. In contrast, critical posthumanism queers humanist understandings of child development and reconfigures subjectivity through a radical philosophical decentring of the human. The relevance of this shift for postdevelopmental child in the context of the new South African early years curriculum is threaded throughout the article. A posthuman reconfiguration of child subjectivity moves theory and practice from a focus on assessing the capabilities of individual children in sociocultural contexts to the tracing of material and discursive entanglements that render children capable. This onto-epistemic shift leads to the conclusion that the National Curriculum Framework for Children from Birth to Four requires a fourth theme (with guiding principles), which would express a multispecies relationality and an ethics of care for the human as well as the nonhuman.
The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in combination with INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation technique for infants at 28 to 33 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Miyahara Jun , Sugiura Hiroshi , Ohki Shigeru
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist used after INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study that included 15 inborn preterm infants at 28 (0/7) to 33 (6/7) weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome in the period from April 2017 to October 2018. After INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation, infants underwent non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure was defined as follows: fraction of inspired oxygen requirement >0.4, respiratory acidosis, and severe apnea within 5 days after surfactant administration.

Results:

Two of the 15 (13.3%) infants showed INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure and required mechanical ventilation. No infants experienced any major complications such as pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriosus ligation, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, or death.

Conclusion:

The rate of INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure when non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist was used after INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome was 13.3%. Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist can be safely performed without severe complications for preterm infants soon after birth.
Caring Vision: Fighting Against Blindness in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Ahmed Sadeq , Ahmed Asma , Abdul Majid Mohammad
Published: March 2019

Caring Vision Hospital (pseudo-name) started as a small charitable organization in Bangladesh which later turned to be a renowned eye care institute. This eye care service model is dedicated towards providing proper eye care to both the affluent and underprivileged patients through cross-subsidization measures. A key to the success of this concept is due to the good relationship between foreign non-governmental organizations, philanthropists and renowned ophthalmologists who act as key stakeholders. The present case study highlights the growth of Caring Vision. Moreover, the problems and future scopes shed light into the practical business world which can be implemented across any organization.
Assessment of the Effects of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Family Stress and Well-Being: Development of the IMPACT 1.0 Scale
Authors: Bauer Nerissa S. , Ofner Susan , Moore Courtney , Lynch Dustin , Wiehe Sarah E. , Downs Stephen M. , Carroll Aaron E. , Kronenberger William G.
Published: March 2019

Medications may lessen core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet families continue to report stress and have a low quality of life. Primary care providers manage almost half of all children with ADHD but do not have a brief measure to assess ADHD impacts on family in the context of everyday family life. The IMPACT (Impact Measure of Parenting-Related ADHD Challenges and Treatment) 1.0 Scale was codeveloped with input from parent advisors and administered to 79 parents of children with ADHD. Exploratory factor analysis, correlations with validated instruments, and test-retest reliability were examined. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in 4 subscales (Misbehavior, Siblings, Time, School), which demonstrated moderate to high test-retest reliability. Scale domains were related to severity and change in ADHD symptoms. Significant correlations were found between IMPACT scores, adaptive functioning in the home, and ADHD-related quality of life. The IMPACT 1.0 Scale provides a novel, reliable, and valid method to assess family impact of ADHD.
Increased Rates of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Despite Higher Vitamin D3 Supplementation
Authors: Bian Qian , McAdam Laura , Grynpas Marc , Mitchell Jane , Harrington Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Vitamin D supplementation is important for many chronic pediatric conditions to help maintain bone health; however, there is little evidence about how disease-related factors affect vitamin D status. The objective was to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in 3 pediatric cohorts (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], and osteogenesis imperfecta [OI]). In a retrospective study of 367 subjects, children with DMD had increased prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25% vs 14% [SLE] and 10% [OI], P = .002), despite higher vitamin D3 supplementation doses. Boys with DMD also had higher weight, fat mass, and lower lean mass percentage Z scores. DMD was associated with having higher rates of vitamin D insufficiency than other comparable pediatric chronic disease cohorts, the effect of which may be modulated by clinical factors such as increased adiposity. While corroboration of these results is needed given baseline differences between the patient groups, greater vitamin D supplementation doses may be required to achieve optimal serum 25(OH)D concentrations in boys with DMD.
Knowledge Sharing is Key to Win in the Transient Advantage Era
Authors: Muneer M.
Published: March 2019

The article explores the changing landscape of competitive advantage, and its impact on leadership and management. The idea of transient advantage, and a shift in the traditional assumptions of strategy which focus on an industry perspective are being questioned in the article. The article uses the Rita McGrath model of arena perspective, where the industry analysis is replaced with the connections between customers and solutions. In a transient advantage world that we are in, it is critical for organisations to monitor trends, look at the interplay of technology and other industries and business models, and so on. To this end, leadership mindsets must change, and there must be a renewed focus on building a knowledge-sharing culture. The author recommends the creation of a social intranet for organisations in order to get the bad news to travel faster to the decision makers to grab new advantages and discard old ones.
Telemedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnoea
Authors: Bruyneel Marie
Published: March 2019

Telemedicine (TM) is a current tool in the landscape of medicine. It helps to address public health challenges such as increases in chronic disease in an ageing society and the associated burden in healthcare costs. Sleep TM refers to patient data exchange with the purpose of enhancing disease management. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome is a chronic disorder associated with a significant morbidity, mainly cardiometabolic, and mortality. Obtaining adequate compliance to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the greatest challenge related to OSA treatment, and the adoption of TM to support OSA management makes sense. In addition, the prevalence of OSA is growing and OSA is associated with increased healthcare costs that could be streamlined by the application of TM. In OSA, multiple modalities of TM are utilised, such as telediagnostics, teleconsultation, teletherapy and telemonitoring of patients being treated with CPAP. In the present article, I aim to provide an overview of current practice and the recent developments in TM for OSA management. Concerns related to TM use will also be addressed.
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Masa Juan F. , Pépin Jean-Louis , Borel Jean-Christian , Mokhlesi Babak , Murphy Patrick B. , Sánchez-Quiroga Maria Ángeles
Published: March 2019

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as a combination of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg·m−2), daytime hypercapnia (arterial carbon dioxide tension ≥45 mmHg) and sleep disordered breathing, after ruling out other disorders that may cause alveolar hypoventilation. OHS prevalence has been estimated to be ∼0.4% of the adult population. OHS is typically diagnosed during an episode of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure or when symptoms lead to pulmonary or sleep consultation in stable conditions. The diagnosis is firmly established after arterial blood gases and a sleep study. The presence of daytime hypercapnia is explained by several co-existing mechanisms such as obesity-related changes in the respiratory system, alterations in respiratory drive and breathing abnormalities during sleep. The most frequent comorbidities are metabolic and cardiovascular, mainly heart failure, coronary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improve clinical symptoms, quality of life, gas exchange, and sleep disordered breathing. CPAP is considered the first-line treatment modality for OHS phenotype with concomitant severe obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas NIV is preferred in the minority of OHS patients with hypoventilation during sleep with no or milder forms of obstructive sleep apnoea (approximately <30% of OHS patients). Acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is habitually treated with NIV. Appropriate management of comorbidities including medications and rehabilitation programmes are key issues for improving prognosis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Lidocaine inhibits growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells by up-regulation of miR-145
Authors: Sui Hongyang , Lou Anfeng , Li Zhisong , Yang Jianjun
Published: March 2019

Background

Gastric cancer receives considerable attention not only because it is the most common cancer all through the world, but also because it’s on the top third leading reason for cancer-related death. Lidocaine is a well-documented local anesthetic that has been reported to suppress cancer development. The study explored the effects of lidocaine on the growth, migration and invasion of the gastric carcinoma cell line MKN45 and the mechanism behind.

Methods

The effect of lidocaine on viability, proliferation and apoptosis of MKN45 cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, BrdU staining assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were both examined by Transwell assay. The expression of apoptosis-, migration-, and invasion-related proteins were detected by western blot. The relative expression of miR-145 was determined by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the impact which lidocaine brought on MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathways were examined by western blot.

Results

Lidocaine inhibited viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MKN45 cells, while enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, miR-145 expression was enhanced by lidocaine; and transfection with miR-145 inhibitor increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, but inhibited apoptosis. The up-regulation of miR-145 was partly contributed to the inhibitory effect of lidocaine on gastric cancer cell line MKN45. Finally, lidocaine inactivated MEK/ERK and NF-κB pathways via up-regulation of miR-145.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that lidocaine decreased growth, migration and invasion of MKN45 cells via regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Mcidas mutant mice reveal a two-step process for the specification and differentiation of multiciliated cells in mammals
Authors: Lu Hao , Anujan Priyanka , Zhou Feng , Zhang Yiliu , Chong Yan Ling , Bingle Colin D. , Roy Sudipto
Published: March 2019

Motile cilia on multiciliated cells (MCCs) function in fluid clearance over epithelia. Studies with Xenopus embryos and individuals with the congenital respiratory disorder reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC), have implicated the nuclear protein MCIDAS (MCI), in the transcriptional regulation of MCC specification and differentiation. Recently, a paralogous protein, geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC), was also shown to be required for MCC formation. Surprisingly, in contrast to the presently held view, we find that Mci mutant mice can specify MCC precursors. However, these precursors cannot produce multiple basal bodies, and mature into single ciliated cells. We identify an essential role for MCI in inducing deuterosome pathway components for the production of multiple basal bodies. Moreover, GMNC and MCI associate differentially with the cell-cycle regulators E2F4 and E2F5, which enables them to activate distinct sets of target genes (ciliary transcription factor genes versus basal body amplification genes). Our data establish a previously unrecognized two-step model for MCC development: GMNC functions in the initial step for MCC precursor specification. GMNC induces Mci expression that drives the second step of basal body production for multiciliation.
Bronchiectasis insanity: Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results?
Authors: Metersky Mark , Chalmers James
Published: March 2019

Bronchiectasis is an increasingly common disease with a significant impact on quality of life and morbidity of affected patients. It is also a very heterogeneous disease with numerous different underlying etiologies and presentations. Most treatments for bronchiectasis are based on low-quality evidence; consequently, no treatments have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of bronchiectasis. The last several years have seen numerous clinical trials in which the investigational agent, thought to hold great promise, did not demonstrate a clinically or statistically significant benefit. This commentary will review the likely reasons for these disappointing results and a potential approach that may have a greater likelihood of defining evidence-based treatment for bronchiectasis.
International conflicts of the XXI century
Authors: Зеленков Михаил , Zelenkov Mikhail , Бочарников Игорь , Bocharnikov Igor'
Published: March 2019

In this educational publication on the basis of modern achievements of domestic and foreign conflictology science deals with the fundamental theoretical foundations of international conflicts of the XXI century, the processes of their emergence, development and settlement. In the textbook reflects the results of the analysis of the main international conflicts of the present, but also revealed the underlying factors leading to their emergence in the twenty-first century. The emphasis in the tutorial is made for disclosure of the nature and content of international conflicts (ethnic, religious, military) that are most relevant in the modern world.
Textbook pursues the objective of in-depth systemic understanding of the role of international conflicts in modern international relations and is addressed to teachers, students and undergraduates of higher educational institutions. Of great interest it represents for analysts and practitioners in the sphere of international relations. As a source of scientific thought the book would be of value to postgraduates and doctoral students of educational and scientific institutions.
In practice on the prevention and resolution of international conflicts textbook will be invaluable to specialists in international relations.
It is worth noting that in contrast to previously issued training publications on this problem this tutorial is adapted to the international environment and focuses on the training of analysts in the field of international relations. In addition, the textbook reflects the results of the analysis of the practical organization of the activities for the settlement of international conflicts of our time.
It is also worth noting that the textbook is generalized and adapted to the modern realities of the experience of previously prepared textbooks on the subject.
Serial ankle casts for patients with idiopathic toe walking: Effects on functional gait parameters
Authors: Thielemann F. , Rockstroh G. , Mehrholz J. , Druschel C.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects on gait parameters of serial ankle casts for patients with idiopathic toe walking (ITW), in comparison with an unremarkable control group.

Methods

A prospective trial with a pre-test–post-test control group design included ten patients with ITW and ten healthy matched children. Children with ITW underwent serial casting to stretch the plantar flexors, with two 14-day periods with walking plaster casts set at the maximum available ankle dorsiflexion. Both groups were assessed clinically and using a functional gait analysis before and after serial casting, as well as at a six-month follow-up visit.

Results

The normalized plantar heel force increased from 5% pre-interventionally to 79% at the follow-up. The upper ankle-joint angle and the base angle also demonstrated significant changes. Normalized compound action potentials of the medial heads of the gastrocnemius were reduced by 70%. None of these parameters demonstrated any significant differences at the follow-up examination in comparison with the healthy control group. Variations in the displacement of the knee joint on the sagittal plane and of the center of gravity in the transverse plane did not show any significant differences in comparison with the control group.

Conclusion

The reduction of muscle tone and lengthening of the ankle plantar flexors led to persistent increased active ankle dorsiflexion with significant long-term improvement of functional kinematic parameters. No significant difference in the gait analysis was found between the ITW group and healthy children six months after treatment. Level of Evidence Level II - Therapeutic
CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE TOMATEIRO EM FUNÇÃO DAS CULTIVARES UTILIZADAS EM PORTA-ENXERTO
Authors: Luciano Lucas Henrique Candido , Medina Isadora Rodrigues , Antônio Adilson Castro , Gonçalves Rodrigo Franca , Barbosa Carina Aparecida Cordeiro
Published: March 2019

Com o intuito de verificar alterações que o processo de enxertia desencadeia no crescimento da cultura do tomate, realizou-se um experimento em condições de campo na Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Campus Florestal. Foram utilizados duas cultivares de porta-enxerto, sendo elas TD1 e Woodstock, e a cultivar Débora Victory como enxerto e pé franco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com 5 repetições. A amostragem das plantas foi realizada nos dias após o transplantio 15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90; 105 e 120, e colocadas em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, à temperatura de 75ºC, até atingir massa constante, com o intuito de avaliar matéria seca de folhas (MSF); caule (MSC); inflorescências (MSI); frutos (MSFr) e total (MST), obtidos mediante pesagens diretas de cada órgão da planta. Foram determinadas as curvas de acúmulo de matéria seca de caule, folha, inflorescências, frutos e total. O tratamento Woodstock apresentou-se com declínio, por volta de 60 a 80 dias, de MSC, MSF e MST. Desse modo, podemos concluir que os porta-enxertos influenciaram positivamente a produtividade da cultivar Débora Victory, uma vez que promoveram maior matéria seca de frutos do que quando utilizada como pé franco. O porta-enxerto Woodstock proporcionou à cultivar Débora Victory menor matéria seca de caule e folha do que o TD1. No entanto, tal comportamento foi para manter semelhante a matéria seca de fruto deste último porta-enxerto.
QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE Eugenia dysenterica DC. DURANTE O ARMAZENAMENTO
Authors: Silva Hellismar Wakson da , Vale Luís Sérgio Rodrigues , Silva Camila Ferreira , Velasco Marya Fernandes , Monfort Lucinda Helena Fragoso
Published: March 2019

A adoção de estratégias adequadas para o armazenamento de sementes é essencial para conservação da sua qualidade, ainda mais para aquelas classificadas como recalcitrantes. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a qualidade de sementes de Eugenia dysenterica DC. durante o armazenamento em ambiente natural e refrigerado. Os frutos foram coletados diretamente no chão e despolpados manualmente, e as sementes lavadas em água corrente, selecionadas quanto ao tamanho e armazenadas por 0; 7; 14; 21 e 28 dias em ambiente natural de laboratório (26,6 °C e 52,2% URA) e em refrigerador (8,4 °C e 49,2% URA). Para cada ambiente e período de armazenamento, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: emergência; índice de velocidade; tempo médio e primeira contagem de emergência de plântulas; comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz principal; massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes; massa seca total das plântulas; índice de qualidade de Dickson e teor de água. Independe do ambiente estudado, a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas se manteve acima de 84%, mesmo após 28 dias de armazenamento. O armazenamento das sementes de E. dysenterica DC. reduz a velocidade de emergência e o desempenho das plântulas, principalmente para aquelas armazenadas em ambiente natural.
BENEFÍCIOS DO DESEMPENHO DA MOTOPODA NO DESGALHAMENTO DA COLHEITA FLORESTAL
Authors: Leite Elton Da Silva , Guedes Ilvânio Luiz , Amaral Edvaldes José do
Published: March 2019

A desgalha é de alta relevância na colheita florestal e necessita de estudos científicos para mensurar as opções de uso manual e semimecanizado. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho técnico e de custos na atividade de desgalhamento na colheita de eucalipto com a motopoda e machadinha. Os estudos de tempos e movimentos mostraram que a atividade de desgalhamento demandou maior tempo para a motopoda e a atividade de limpeza exigiu maior tempo para a machadinha. O custo de produção foi similar para a motopoda e a machadinha.  A motopoda apresentou maior produtividade e melhor qualidade do trabalho, evidenciando benefícios no processamento de desgalhamento na colheita florestal.
SISTEMA DE RESFRIAMENTO ADIABÁTICO DO AR PARA REDUZIR PERDAS POR EVAPORAÇÃO EM PULVERIZADORES HIDRÁULICOS COM ASSISTÊNCIA DE AR NA BARRA
Authors: Sasaki Robson Shigueaki , Teixeira Mauri Martins , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , Zolnier Sérgio
Published: March 2019

As condições psicrométricas do ar durante a pulverização de agrotóxicos podem acarretar em perdas por deriva e evaporação das gotas. Empregando-se pulverizadores hidráulicos com assistência de ar na barra, as perdas podem ser agravadas, uma vez que o fluxo de ar ao se deparar com as gotas pulverizadas promove a transferência de calor e de massa da gota para o ar. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito das condições psicrométricas do ar nos parâmetros técnicos da pulverização, além de desenvolver e avaliar diferentes sistemas de resfriamentos adiabáticos do ar com potencial uso na aplicação de agrotóxicos para reduzir as perdas por evaporação. Avaliaram-se três sistemas de resfriamento evaporativo: 1) nebulizadores de baixa pressão; 2) placas de celulose e 3) nebulizadores de alta pressão. Ao final, constatou-se que os melhores sistemas de resfriamento adiabático com potencial uso na aplicação de agrotóxico foram os nebulizadores de alta pressão. Estes, além de proporcionar redução do Déficit de Saturação de Vapor d’água no ar (DPV) de até 28,7 hPa, não apresentaram problemas quanto ao escorrimento de líquidos e queda na velocidade do ar. Por meio de nebulizadores sob baixa pressão, observou-se escorrimento de líquido ao longo da tubulação. Já quando foi utilizado placas de celulose, observou-se baixa eficiência de resfriamento e redução na velocidade do ar.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM DI SURABAYA
Authors: Amri Anjar Faishal , Iramani Iramani
Published: March 2019

MSME is a form of business in Indonesia. This large number of businesses has a high influence on Indonesia. The main purpose was to determine the relationship between financial literacy on MSME performance in Surabaya City. The study was used 73 data MSME owners in Surabaya City. Cluster and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Validity and reliability techniques are used to test the consistency of the indicators and analytical techniques. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data, and data was presented in the form of tables, pictures, and percentages. Inferential statistics is used to test hypotesis. The findings are indicative of a significant effect of bookkeeping literacy, debt literacy, and budgeting literacy on MSME performance. It is recommended that MSME owner to improve the ability make and manage cash management
THE EFFECT OF AWARENESS, SPEED OF TRANSACTIONS, SECURITY, PERCEIVED USEFULNESS WITH MEDIATION OF PERCEIVED EASE OF USE ON M-BANKING ADOPTIONS BRI MAKASSAR RAYA
Authors: Mentari Andi Dewi , Ilfitriah Aniek Maschudah
Published: March 2019

Mobile banking is a banking facility that uses mobile communication tools such as mobile phones. Mobile banking services provide convenience for customers to perform banking transactions such as check balances, transfer between accounts and bill payments and know the history of transactions made by users. This study aims to analyze the influence of Awareness, Transaction Speed, Security, Perceived Usefulness with Perceived Ease of Use Media to Adoption of m-banking BRI Makassar Raya. The sample used in this research is customer of m-banking BRI customer in Makassar Raya. The number of samples used in the study were 100 respondents who distributed directly and using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using smartPLS program (Partial Least Square) version 2.0. The result of the research shows that the awareness variable has negative effect not significant to BRI m-banking Adoption, Transaction Speed has a significant positive effect on BRI m-banking Adoption, Security has positive significant effect on BRI m-banking Adoption, Perceived Usefulness has no significant effect to m -banking BRI, Perceived Usefulness has a significant negative effect on Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived  Ease of Use has a significant positive effect on m-banking Adoption
RISIKO USAHA, RENTABILITAS DAN PERMODALAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL ANTESEDEN KESEHATAN BANK BUKU 3 DAN BUKU 4 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Herizon Herizon , Merty Nelaini Ika
Published: March 2019

Banking world is inseparable from the competition of services, service offerings but also bank’s health scores, so banks are required to maintain their health scores. The purpose of this reseach was to know significantion analyze form that ratio IPR, LDR, IRR, PDN, NPL, BOPO, FBIR, NIM, ROA, and CAR has significant influence to bank’s health scores use RBBR metods. Population that wear in this research is BUKU 3 and BUKU 4 bank in Indonesia. The sample were selected used purposive sampling technique. This reseach use secondary data and data collection methods used documentation method. The type of research conducted in this research is causal research is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the result of the calculation and analysis before the result of the research hypotesis that the IPR, LDR, IRR, PDN, NPL, BOPO, FBIR, NIM, ROA dan CAR have significant effect for soudness score on BUKU 3 and BUKU 4 bank. IPR, IRR, NPL, FBIR, ROA and CAR has a negative effect not significant, LDR, PDN, and NIM has a positive effect not significant, BOPO has a negative effect and significant. Of the ten variables studied  BOPO has dominant influence that is equal 24,4 percent among ten other independent variables. Suggestions for bank sample in this research to maintain its operational risks, minimize operational costs and increase operating income so that the health score is increasing every year.
QIYĀS SEBAGAI SEBUAH METODE DALAM NAHWU
Authors: Ni’mah Umi Nurun
Published: March 2019

Language is an inseparable reality in human culture. It develops as the human civilization does. According to the linguists, classical Arabic has at least five methods of language development. Those are (a) isytiqāq (derivasi), (b) majāz (alegori), (c) naht (abrivasi), (d) ta’rīb (loan) dan (e) qiyās. Qiyas is exclusively analyzed in this research because it is the most common method, which is used widely by the linguists through its al-simā’ stage. This paper finds the fact that qiyas method in Arabic linguistic traditions have evolved into the pre and post al Khalîl bin Ahmad al-Farāhidī period.
DIALEK-DIALEK BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Suaidi Suaidi
Published: March 2019

In various Arabic literary works, especially the ones, which concern with Qoranic studies, it is argued that the Koran was recited in the dialect of Quraisy. All dialects of the Arabic language were renowned for their eloquence but the dialect of Quraisy was considered the most expressive and articulate, and thus over generations, it came to be known as the dialect of the Koran. Generally the dialects of classical Arabic can be classified into Hijaz, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Morocco. The variations on dialects are because of the following factors: first are the extrinsic factors, which consist of social, cultural, geographical, and political factors. Second are the intrinsic factors, which cover phonological, morphological, and syntactical factor. All of those factors have gone in the process of ibdāl, i’rab, binâ’, tashīh, ‘ilāl, itmām, naqs , etc.
KEPELOPORAN MAHMŪD TAYMŪR DALAM CERPEN ARAB MODERN
Authors: Tasnimah Tatik Maryatut
Published: March 2019

Mahmud Taymur was one of the founders of the Egyptian realistic short story, also known as Syaikh al-Qisasah alQashīrah. Remaining productive over a long life Taymur wrote extensive literary criticism and was the author of short stories, novellas, and plays totaling a score of volumes. Most notable for his skill in characterization, he achieved a literary eminence shared by few other Arabs of his generation in Cairo in 1947, and individual stories by him gave and appeared widely in English and European Anthologies. Taymur’s early works were influenced by Chekhov and Maupassant. His short stories of the 1920s and 1930s portrayed various social strata in Egypt. Taymur’s prose is marked by humanism and psychological subtlety. In the late 1930s and in the 1940s his prose was influenced by symbolism but after the revolutionary coup of 1952, Taymur’s works were predominantly realistic.
SASTRA PROFETIK KUNTOWIJOYO
Authors: Rifai Aminudin
Published: March 2019

Prophetic literature is, basically, a work of transcendental and mystical spirit because it comes from the deific values. In additions, it tends to change the course of the civilization to a better route because of its messianic spirit. Kuntowijoyo (1943--2005) is one of the prophetic poets with his touch on blending the social themes with historical activism in his works. The balance between social and spiritual world; between deific saturation and problems faced by the society; between the life before and after death, between religious and historical experience are depicted gracefully in his works. The propheticism in Kuntowijoyo works could be traced by using Riffatere’s semiotics.
BAHASA IBU (BAHASA DAERAH) DI PALANGKARAYA: PERGESERAN DAN PEMERTAHANANNYA
Authors: Budhiono R. Hery
Published: March 2019

This paper, firstly, aims to find out what language situation happens in Palangkaraya. The second aim is to find out the urgency of language maintenance and the factors affecting people in using their language. The language, mainly, functions as an instrument to communicate. A living language is one that has been being used and maintained by its speakers. Native language or mother tongue is one that is spoken traditionally by a community in a certain region: Javanese language for the Javanese, Sundanese language for the Sundanese, and Ngaju for Dayaks. Language maintenance is an attempt done by the community to maintain its native language. In other words, it denotes the continuing use of a language in the face of competition from a regionally and socially more powerful language. When the maintenance comes to a crash, the language dies slowly. Meanwhile, if it can compete with the other languages, it will survive.
PERUBAHAN BAHASA (Interaksi antarkomponen Tatabahasa Bahasa Arab)
Authors: Gunawan Fahmi
Published: March 2019

This study aims to analyze the change in Arabic languagethe interaction of its structural components. It is the language change, which causes the change of other structural components. The data is taken from the religious article of al-Ahram magazine. By using Poedjosoedarmo’s point of view, it can be found that the language change (Arabic syntax) occurs because of the movement of the subject of the sentence (Fi’iliyah). In addition, the system of topicalisation will come up, which, in turn, this makes another topic (mubtada) and comment (khabar) on the noun clause (Ismiyyah). The system of topic and comment then make the system of adjustment of number (mutsanna and jamak). and cases (I’rab). All that occurs is the interaction between language component to create the ideal structure, which is clear, compact, and understandable.
ANALISIS STRUKTURALISME LEVI-STRAUSS TERHADAP KISAH PEDAGANG DAN JIN DALAM DONGENG SERIBU SATU MALAM
Authors: Kh. Neneng Yanti
Published: March 2019

Seribu Satu Malam (One thousand and One Nights or The Arabian Nights) is a renowned tale through out the world, which has been translated into languages. As a literarywork, it certainly has a unique structural characteristic. The aim of this paper is to analyze the unique structure of Seribu Satu Malam based on Levi-Strauss’ Structuralism. It analyses one of the Seribu Satu Malam stories as a sample; that is Kisah Pedagang dan Jin (the story of the trader and the genie). In the stories of Kisah Pedagang dan Jin, its structure can be found in the all of Seribu Satu Malam stories. This study reveals the threads of ceritheme, which connects one story to the others until those stories appeared as a unity. The stories are seen as variations of a single theme, which is how the characters saw their own life and solved their problems. This becomes the stories’ hidden structures.