bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histórias em quadrinhos no processo de aprendizado: da teoria à prática
Authors: Santos Roberto Elísio dos , Vergueiro Waldomiro De Castro Santos
Published: February 2018

Após décadas de rejeição por parte dos educadores, no final dos anos 1990 as histórias em quadrinhos começaram a conquistar seu espaço nas salas de aula brasileiras. No entanto, apesar dos avanços conseguidos, ainda é preciso adequar as aplicações possíveis deste produto cultural às necessidades do processo de aprendizado. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo fomentar e nortear o uso apropriado das narrativas sequenciais nas práticas educativas, discutindo os possíveis caminhos para sua implementação.
A cultura e a educação amazônica na arte dos brinquedos de miriti
Authors: Silva Claudete Do Socorro Quaresma da , Carvalho Nazaré Cristina
Published: February 2018

: O presente trabalho versa sobre o brinquedo de miriti, um artesanato secular, tipicamente amazônico por conter em suas formas elementos representativo do cotidiano ribeirinho. Apresenta as interfaces deste patrimônio imaterial e cultural do Estado do Pará com a cultura e a educação amazônica. Enfatiza os brinquedos de miriti como face da cultura amazônica que trazem em seu processo de feitura saberes e fazeres que há gerações se perpetua na região através da oralidade e da observação. A cidade de Abaetetuba, no Estado do Pará, é o principal polo de confecção deste brinquedo. Este bem cultural tem presença marcante desde os primórdios na maior festividade religiosa do Brasil, o Círio de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, em Belém, capital do Pará. Por fim, assinala que os artesãos do brinquedo de miriti com sua habilidade artística e sua forma singular de ensinar constroem a educação na região Amazônica.
O embate modernidade/pós-modernidade e seu impacto sobre a teoria e a prática educacionais
Authors: Goergen Pedro
Published: February 2018

Resumo:
O artigo pretende analisar a relação entre o debate modernidade/pós-modernidade e a educação. Assinala, primeiro, alguns aspectos centrais da modernidade e, na sequência da pós-modernidade, estabelecendo, a partir daí, uma relação entre a teoria e a prática educacionais. O autor atem-se especialmente os aspectos epistemológicos e éticos, buscando mostrar a importância das mudanças ocorridas nestes campos interferem nas pesquisas e atividades pedagógicas.
Um estudo sobre o “bom aluno” na perspectiva das representações sociais
Authors: Lima Andreza Maria , Machado Laêda Bezerra
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho analisou o núcleo central das representações sociais do “bom aluno” de professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal do Recife-PE. Partimos do pressuposto de que novas práticas educacionais estariam interferindo nas representações. A Teoria do Núcleo Central foi o referencial orientador do estudo. Participaram 200 professoras. A Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras e um Teste do Núcleo Central foram os instrumentos utilizados. O software EVOC e Análise de Conteúdo subsidiaram a interpretação dos dados. Os resultados confirmaram o pressuposto inicial e apontaram como núcleo central de “bom aluno” ser “interessado”. Este componente determina a organização dessas representações e deixa entrever a polissemia subjacente às suas raízes sociais e simbólicas. Esses achados sinalizam para as políticas educacionais que não se pode perder de vista as representações sociais desses profissionais, mas considerá-las como ponto de partida para suas elaborações.
O encontro com a arte: formando e transformando o repertório de professores
Authors: Strazzacappa Hernandez Marcia Maria
Published: February 2018

Este artigo discute a necessidade de experiências estéticas na formação de professores a partir da constatação de mudanças ocorridas na forma de se conceber arte por parte de professoras da rede pública de ensino que participaram de um programa especial de formação em Pedagogia (PROESF) da Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp entre os anos de 2002 e 2008. Descrevemos atividades e processos de avaliação provocativos realizados junto à disciplina obrigatória do curso, “Teoria pedagógica e produção do conhecimento em arte”, e como estes contribuíram para essas mudanças, apresentando alguns resultados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes a um diagnóstico sobre o repertório estético cultural das professoras antes e após a participação no programa.
“No centro de uma outra história”: a busca da emergência de novos espaços arte-educativos
Authors: Bussoletti Denise Marcos , Costa Cleber José Silveira
Published: February 2018

Este artigo busca problematizar a arte na sua relação com o processo educativo. Utiliza-se da experiência relacionada com a criação e constituição da “Casa do Joquim: Oficina de Idéias”, um trabalho pioneiro em arte e educação não-formal na cidade de Pelotas-RS. A abordagem é organizada em duas seções: na primeira toma como fio narrativo a canção “Joquim” do artista pelotense Vitor Ramil introduzindo a apresentação da experiência. Na segunda, descreve a proposta da “Casa do Joquim” e, ao final, retoma e defende a condição de fronteira como um dos espaços de produção/criação artística dessa outra ordem ética e estética como possível.
Experiência estética como experiência formativa a partir da ontologia de Hans-Georg Gadamer
Authors: Lago Clenio
Published: February 2018

Este artigo aborda a articulação entre experiência estética e formação a partir a partir da ontologia de Hans-Georg Gadamer, considerando a experiência estética no encontro do homem com a obra de arte e no encontro entre os homens. As argumentações foram tecidas no horizonte da Hermenêutica Filosófica, percurso que possibilitou maior compreensão do processo formativo, na media em que demonstra que, quem faz a experiência da arte, coloca-se em jogo, é desafiado a ser outro, porque a obra de arte como ser-aí, a seu modo, diz algo a cada um. Assim, a experiência da arte, marcada por uma pluralidade de experiências, constitui-se em importantes momentos autoformativos, na medida em que pode gerar tanto abertura como coroamento de processos, demarcando identidades, sem cair no monismo metodológico e nem no puro relativismo. E isso pode ser percebido tanto na experiência do homem com a obra de arte quanto na experiência entre os homens, diferentes modos de ser. Dessa forma, ao conceber a experiência estética como experiência ontológica, Gadamer não só reconfigurou o pensamento filosófico, conferindo novo lugar à estética, como conferiu atualidade à Bildung em meio aos desafios da ruptura da metafísica. Portanto, sua proposta constitui-se em uma resposta plausível aos desafios contemporâneos, especificamente, à formação marcada pelo empobrecimento da experiência.
Editorial Eccos 28 - Educação e Arte
Authors: Bauer Carlos , Severino Antônio Joaquim
Published: February 2018

Editorial Eccos 28 - Educação e Arte
A descentralização da gestão: das políticas educacionais às práticas escolares
Authors: Sagrillo Daniele Rorato , Zientarski Clarice , Pereira Sueli Menezes
Published: February 2018

Neste trabalho analisa-se como a escola conduz o processo de criação e sustentação de um espaço favorável à descentralização de poder e à participação plena da comunidade escolar no processo de gestão, buscando as interfaces presentes entre as políticas
educacionais em nível macro e a sua efetivação nas práticas escolares. Utilizam-se como
fonte de análise o Projeto Político Pedagógico, o Regimento Escolar e entrevistas com
dez professores da Rede Pública Municipal/RS. No estudo indicamos que a temática em
discussão é tratada como concessão e não como direito, impossibilitando a comunidade
de fazer valer suas ideias e definir os rumos da gestão. Demonstramos um posicionamento distanciado de uma proposta coletiva e descentralizada de trabalho, considerando sua
divisão entre uma equipe que “pensa” e o conjunto que executa. Isso reforça a necessidade
da construção de um trabalho coletivo, crítico e contextualizado no enfrentamento de
mudanças substanciais da organização escolar.
Política de integração curricular das TIC em Portugal
Authors: Cruz Elisabete , Costa Fernando Albuquerque , Fradão Sandra
Published: February 2018

Este artigo toma como ponto de partida o trabalho recentemente desenvolvido no projeto “Metas de Aprendizagem”, promovido em 2010 pelo Ministério da Educação Português. Almejando clarificar e partilhar o trabalho desenvolvido na área das TIC, serão apresentados e discutidos os fundamentos que presidiram à operacionalização das respetivas metas de aprendizagem. Depois de esclarecer o conceito de estratégias de ensino e avaliação adotado, os autores sublinham a necessidade de dar continuidade a uma linha de trabalho de aprofundamento sobre os desafios e as exigências inerentes a uma proposta curricular que, em oposição à lógica monodisciplinar, apela para a mudança de uma cultura escolar de isolamento para uma cultura de cooperação, baseada na participação dos diversos atores e parceiros que a escola tem.
Estado e política educacional: o receituário do liberalismo social-democrata
Authors: Deitos Roberto Antonio , Lara Angela Mara de Barros
Published: February 2018

Examinamos, neste artigo, algumas proposituras contidas nos receituários do liberalismo social-democrata no campo das tendências para a política educacional, com especial destaque para as proposituras no campo da política educacional brasileira. O foco de análise recai sobre as proposituras empreendidas para justificar ideológica e economicamente as reformas educacionais que ganharam corpo a partir da década de 1990 e foram sendo implementadas com o aval gerencial e político-coercitivo de vários Organismos Internacionais, com destaque, para o caso da América Latina, o BID – Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e o Banco Mundial, como agências proeminentes do processo de globalização do capital.
ONGs e políticas neoliberais no Brasil, de Joana A. Coutinho
Authors: Silva Ilse Gomes
Published: February 2018

Resenha do livro ONGs e Políticas Neoliberais no Brasil de Joana A. Coutinho, publicado pela editora UFSC, em 2011. Nesse livro a autora apresenta a década de 1990 com as ONGs e o chamado Terceiro Setor assumindo a cena política nos processos de reorganização da sociedade civil e da relação Estado/classes sociais que implicaram na consolidação das políticas neoliberais no Brasil.
Semiotyka antropologiczna a interpretacja aktorska. Przyczynek do dyskusji na przykładzie postaci Iwana Wojnickiego w „Wujaszku Wani” Antoniego Czechowa
Authors: Boroch Robert
Published: February 2018

The article discusses the problem of the actor’s interpretation (resp. working
on the role) from the perspective of anthropological semiotics. In this context, an
actor’s part is treated as a social construct of the specific referential chain. The
exemplification materials are three actor’s interpretations of the figure of Wojnicki
from dramatic play Uncle Vanya by Atnon Chekhov (Zamachowski, Hudziak,
Gancarczyk) staged between 1993 and 1994 in the following theatres: Teatr Studio
in Warsaw (1993), Teatr Stary in Kraków (1993) and Teatr TV (1994).
Kobro and Strzemiński: Łódź – Warsaw – Paris (1956–1957)
Authors: Luba Iwona
Published: February 2018

From December 1956 to December 1957, no fewer than four exhibitions presenting the
oeuvre of Katarzyna Kobro and Władysław Strzemiński were organised: the Posthumous
Exhibition of Władysław Strzemiński’s and Katarzyna Kobro’s Oeuvre, shown fi rst in Łódź
(16 December 1956 – 14 January 1957) and then in Warsaw (18 January – 10 February
1957), and two exhibitions in Paris: 50 ans de peinture abstraite at Galerie Raymond Creuze
(9 May – 12 June 1957) and Précurseurs de l’art abstrait en Pologne: Malewicz, Kobro, Strzemiński,
Berlewi, Stażewski at Galerie Denise René (22 November 1957 – 10 January 1958). All
received a strong response, both in Poland and abroad. Research focused on these exhibitions
has brought some surprising results. None of them had been planned until 1956, and
only after the events of October 1956 was it possible to show the works of Kobro and
Strzemiński in Warsaw in 1957. The exhibition at the Łódź Division of the Central Bureau
of Art Exhibitions was prepared with exceptional care and is immensely important, as it
occasioned the fi rst attempt at preparing a catalogue of both Kobro’s and Strzemiński’s
works, of Strzemiński’s biography and a bibliography of texts authored by Strzemiński
and Kobro. In addition, it was there that Strzemiński’s treatise Teoria widzenia fi rst came
to public attention; it was published only two years later. The exhibition was transferred,
quite unexpectedly, to the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions in Warsaw, which was the
chief institution involved in exhibiting modern art in Poland; this gave offi cial sanction
and a considerable status to the oeuvre of both avant-garde artists. The exhibition entitled
Précurseurs de l’art abstrait en Pologne became, paradoxically, the fi rst-ever offi cial exhibition
of Polish avant-garde art to be held abroad and organised by a state agency, i.e. the Central
Bureau of Art Exhibitions, under the aegis of the ambassador of the People’s Republic of
Poland in France. It was also the only exhibition in which Kazimierz Malewicz was regarded
as a Pole and presented as belonging to the history of art in Poland; the mission initiated
by Strzemiński in 1922 was thus completed. The institutions involved in arranging the
loans of Malewicz’s works for this exhibition were the Ministry of Culture and Art, the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its subordinate Polish embassies in Paris and Moscow. This
was the fi rst time that the works of Kazimierz Malewicz were presented in the West,
thanks to the efforts and under the aegis of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs during
the period of the post-Stalinist thaw; notably, this happened before their presentation at
the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam (29 December 1957).
Selected methods of pain evaluation in a pediatric patient
based on Emergency Response Teams
Authors: Wodzień Karolina , Ozga Dorota
Published: February 2018

Pain is defined as the unpleasant sensory and emotional sensation associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. In analgesic care over children carried out by emergency response teams it is important to provide
analgesia adequate to the painful symptoms. Comprehensive multidimensional evaluation is a prerequisite for a
proper diagnosis and effective treatment of pain. It is essential to understand the essence of pain in a child based
on its appropriate evaluation.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ON IDENTIFICATION OF WEAPONS
Authors: KOSMACZ-CHODOROWSKA Anna
Published: February 2018

An introduction of new electronic management tools such as Automatic Data Capture systems (ADC) and Electronic Data Interchange systems (EDI) is needed to upgrade the Polish Armed Forces. ADC systems, presently under implementation in the Polish Armed Forces, require identification of all resources and deliveries received by the army, including pieces of weaponry, in accordance with GS1 global standards and solutions (Global System 1). The identification of weapons along with their attributes and global, international and national brand identifiers in databases, and also through their physical identification, is a result of work and research which has been carried out since 2010, and of over 25 years' experience. The article presents problems with identifying weapons and methods of solving them, relying on the works which have been carried out for the last four years for the army and weapon suppliers.
H@ssles and Hopes on the Internet: What Professionals Have Encountered in Dealing with Internet Use and Sexuality among Youths with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Löfgren-Mårtenson Lotta , Molin Martin , Sorbring Emma
Published: February 2018

This study aims to provide more in-depth knowledge about professionals’ views regarding Internet use among youths with intellectual disability (ID). How do the professionals describe the abilities of the youths with ID when using the Internet for social, romantic, and sexual reasons? What kinds of experiences do the professionals have of these youths’ Internet usage, and how do they talk about their ways of dealing with this? In what ways do the professionals describe their own competence regarding Internet usage among youths with ID aged 16-21 years, and do they express the need for any specific tools? Qualitative research interviews were conducted with 17 professionals, 4 males and 13 females, between the ages of 29 and 58. The professionals described challenges with the youths’ various emotional and intellectual abilities, as well as their technical knowledge in relation to Internet use. The results highlight three themes: A two-fold usage, Between being controlling and permissive, and A lack of strategies. The article discusses the development of a ‘Participation-script’, where a continuous dialogue with the youths with ID exists parallel to a restrictive Net-script. We argue that everyday school situations concern joint decision-making between professionals and pupils with ID. Such an approach to participation is based on relationships, that is, oriented towards the self-understanding and individual agency of youths with ID, as well as to the self-understanding of the professionals involved in the lives of youths with ID.
PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN SYSTEM K,Са//SO4,HCO3,F-H2O AT 25 °C
Authors: Jabborov I. , Soliev L. , Nizomov I. , Musodzonova J.
Published: February 2018

The article describes a study on the identification of possible phase equilibria in mutual geometrical images of five-component system of water and salt from sulfates, bicarbonates, potassium and calcium fluoride at 25 °C, followed by the construction of its phase diagram complex. Knowledge of the laws governing the structure of the phase complex of this system is necessary not only to obtain new scientific data as reference material, but also to contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for the utilization of liquid wastes of aluminum industrial production containing the system of salts that make up this system. To solve the problem, we used the translation method, which is based on the position according to which the dimension of the geometric images of the diagram of the original (private) system increases by one by adding a subsequent component, due to its concentration, i.e. are transformed. Since the investigated five-component system consists of five particular four-component systems, the addition of the fifth component to any of them is accompanied by transformations of the geometric images of all five four-component systems. Transformed geometric images according to their topological properties are broadcasted to the level of a five-component composition. At the level of the five-component composition, the transformed geometric images, in accordance with the Gibbs phase rule, intersect each other forming geometric images of a given level of componentness. Investigation of phase equilibria five-component water-salt reciprocal system of sulfates, bicarbonates, potassium and calcium fluorides and construction of its phase diagram with complex translation method (at 0°C) showed that it is characterized by fifteen divariant fields, thirteen monovariant curves, and four invariant points. On the basis of the obtained data, the complete closed phase diagram of the investigated system was constructed for the first time and, for the convenience of its reading, it is fragmented by the regions of divariant equilibria.Forcitation:Jabborov I., Soliev L., Nizomov I., Musodzonova J. Phase equilibria in system K,Са//SO4,HCO3,F-H2O at 25 °C. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 26-30
Bent Flemming Nielsen, På den første dag. Kirkens liturgi. Oldtid og Middelalder
Authors: Johansen Kirstine Helboe
Published: February 2018

Anmeldelse af: Bent Flemming Nielsen, På den første dag. Kirkens liturgi. Oldtid og Middelalder, Eksistensen 2017, 440 s., kr. 299.
Une illustration du lien entre âge, travail et santé en fin de carrière dans les pays économiquement développés
Authors: Boissonneault Michaël , Vilotitch Antoine
Published: February 2018

Pour contrer les effets du vieillissement démographique, une plus grande participation au marché du travail des personnes vieillissantes est souhaitée dans de nombreux pays économiquement développés. Le fait que la santé se détériore avec l’âge pourrait cependant constituer un frein à une augmentation des taux de participation. Nous examinons, à l’aide de cartes thermiques, le lien entre santé et participation au marché du travail aux âges avancés en utilisant des données sur des mesures objectives de santé physique produites dans le cadre de la Health and Retirement Study (HRS) et ses études soeurs. Nous montrons que le lien entre santé et travail est relativement constant entre pays et à travers le temps, et est robuste au choix de la mesure de santé. Dans deux pays (ou groupes de pays) étudiés, sur une période couvrant environ sept ans, les personnes ayant contribué le plus à l’augmentation des taux d’activité sont celles en moins bonne santé. Nous discutons cette évolution sur fond de changements dans les programmes de retraite gouvernementaux, notamment ceux destinés aux personnes en incapacité de travailler.
Caractéristiques individuelles et familiales associées à la persistance des troubles du comportement perturbateur chez les enfants
Authors: Goodfellow Melissa , Lapalme Mélanie , Déry Michèle , Lemieux Annie
Published: February 2018

Caractéristiques individuelles et familiales associées à la persistance des troubles du comportement perturbateur chez les enfants. Cette étude vise à identifier des caractéristiques distinguant les enfants des trajectoires persistante et décroissante des troubles de comportement perturbateur et de vérifier l’effet modérateur du genre. L’échantillon est composé de 268 enfants (28 % de filles) du primaire (M=9,8 ans; é.-t.=1,79 an) recevant des services spécialisés pour difficultés comportementales à l’école. Selon les analyses de trajectoires (six ans) réalisées, 12,3 % d’enfants (24 % de filles) appartiennent à la trajectoire persistante et 32,5 % (30 % de filles) à la trajectoire décroissante. Bien que les enfants des deux trajectoires présentent des vulnérabilités similaires à l’entrée dans l’étude, les analyses de régression multivariées indiquent qu’un tempérament plus réactif augmente la probabilité d’appartenir à la trajectoire persistante chez les filles. Aussi, la présence d’un trouble anxieux et l’absence d’un trouble dépressif chez les parents seraient associées à la trajectoire persistante. Ces résultats soutiennent l’importance de cibler aussi les difficultés des parents lorsque l’on souhaite prévenir la persistance des troubles du comportement.
Des pratiques gagnantes pour la transition au secondaire des élèves autistes
Authors: Beaupré Pauline , Gauthier Martine , Germain Marie-Paule
Published: February 2018

Cette étude s’inscrit dans l’optique de l’école inclusive en voulant relever de bonnes pratiques éducatives à mettre en place pour favoriser la réussite scolaire des élèves autistes en classe régulière, dans le cadre du passage entre l’ordre primaire et l’ordre secondaire. Les données recueillies s’appuient sur une recherche-action menée durant deux ans dans trois écoles de deux régions administratives du Québec. Des intervenants (n=25), des élèves autistes (n=11) et leurs parents (n=10) ont fait ressortir des aspects marquants relatifs à des pratiques à mettre en place pour favoriser l’éducation inclusive de tous. Les résultats indiquent qu’il s’avère impératif d’offrir des formations aux intervenants de classe ordinaire, sur la compréhension du schème de pensée de l’élève autiste. Les résultats soulignent également l’importance, pour les décideurs, d’assouplir les horaires de travail pour favoriser la mise en place d’une collaboration entre ressources des ordres d’enseignement primaire et secondaire et celles des réseaux communautaires et de réadaptation.
Rendre la critique créative. La démarche abductive et pragmatique du design
Authors: Berger Estelle
Published: February 2018

La démarche à la fois abductive et pragmatique du design se nourrit du terrain puis s’en détache pour proposer des scénarii à vivre, se préoccupant de l’expérience humaine dans toutes ses dimensions. Sa vocation est d’« améliorer ou au moins maintenir l’habitabilité du monde » (Findeli, 2010, 292). Basé sur un dialogue entre textes et retours d’expériences de l’auteure, designer chercheuse française, cet article vise à dresser un portrait du praticien réflexif et à dessiner quelques jalons pour outiller sa démarche, portée par un questionnement éthique. Les notions théoriques seront interrogées au regard de l’expérience, des rencontres interdisciplinaires, et des paradoxes de l’identité flexible du praticien réflexif. Renégociant perpétuellement son positionnement ainsi que ses outils, c’est une force à la fois critique et créative que celui-ci cherche à exercer dans les entreprises et la société au sens large.
El patrimonio arqueológico en los libros de texto de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Meseguer Gil Antonio J. , Arias Ferrer Laura , Egea Vivancos Alejandro
Published: February 2018

En este trabajo se analiza cómo es introducido el patrimonio arqueológico en los libros de texto de 1.º de ESO y la función que este posee para poder analizar así el aprovechamiento cognitivo que se demanda sobre ellos. Se utilizan como muestra seis libros de texto de 1.º ESO, pertenecientes a tres editoriales distintas durante la vigencia de las normativas LOE y LOMCE. Se realiza una investigación con técnicas cualitativas para analizar el contenido de la muestra de manera contextualizada. Los resultados arrojan una creciente presencia del patrimonio arqueológico en los libros de texto y una mayor variedad de formatos, aunque las acciones demandadas sobre este siguen caracterizándose por su bajo nivel cognitivo.
Agir na globalização: condições e orientações da ação coletiva
Authors: Silva Augusto Santos
Published: February 2018

Globalisation demands collective agency. This is the starting point of the article. First, it considers the ongoing changes regarding space-time and the resources for action. It points out that inequalities vis-à-vis mobility constitute a new and critical dimension of the social divide. Secondly, the article focuses on the prospects for collective agency in the context of globalisation, both for the regulation of its unbalances and for its embeddedness in social and political structures. Finally, one suggests that a perspective defined by the key values of democracy, justice and development can design a useful framework to formulate an agenda for international reform and to identify possible protagonists.
A identidade profissional institucional: atualidade da pesquisa em serviço social
Authors: Caria Telmo H. , Sousa Paula , Almeida José Luís
Published: February 2018

This article has as main objective to question how the professional identity in Social Work is analyzed. It presents a review of the sociological literature, with a strong socio-historical vision, on the social theory of identity and, from it, draws consequences and hypotheses about the central place that higher formal education of social workers have occupied in the social construction identity of this profession. Based on this review, we arrive at an operational definition of institutional identity consciousness of social workers and make several methodological considerations about the use of a questionnaire to study this issue.
Early alterations of social brain networks in young children with autism
Authors: Sperdin Holger Franz , Coito Ana , Kojovic Nada , Rihs Tonia Anahi , Jan Reem Kais , Franchini Martina , Plomp Gijs , Vulliemoz Serge , Eliez Stephan , Michel Christoph Martin , Schaer Marie
Published: February 2018

Social impairments are a hallmark of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), but empirical evidence for early brain network alterations in response to social stimuli is scant in ASD. We recorded the gaze patterns and brain activity of toddlers with ASD and their typically developing peers while they explored dynamic social scenes. Directed functional connectivity analyses based on electrical source imaging revealed frequency specific network atypicalities in the theta and alpha frequency bands, manifesting as alterations in both the driving and the connections from key nodes of the social brain associated with autism. Analyses of brain-behavioural relationships within the ASD group suggested that compensatory mechanisms from dorsomedial frontal, inferior temporal and insular cortical regions were associated with less atypical gaze patterns and lower clinical impairment. Our results provide strong evidence that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks is a core component of atypical brain development at early stages of ASD.
A randomised double blind placebo controlled phase 2 trial of adjunctive aspirin for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-uninfected adults
Authors: Mai Nguyen TH , Dobbs Nicholas , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Colas Romain A , Thao Le TP , Thuong Nguyen TT , Nghia Ho DT , Hanh Nguyen HH , Hang Nguyen T , Heemskerk A Dorothee , Day Jeremy N , Ly Lucy , Thu Do DA , Merson Laura , Kestelyn Evelyne , Wolbers Marcel , Geskus Ronald , Summers David , Chau Nguyen VV , Dalli Jesmond , Thwaites Guy E
Published: February 2018

Adjunctive dexamethasone reduces mortality from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) but not disability, which is associated with brain infarction. We hypothesised that aspirin prevents TBM-related brain infarction through its anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-resolution properties. We conducted a randomised controlled trial in HIV-uninfected adults with TBM of daily aspirin 81 mg or 1000 mg, or placebo, added to the first 60 days of anti-tuberculosis drugs and dexamethasone (NCT02237365). The primary safety endpoint was gastro-intestinal or cerebral bleeding by 60 days; the primary efficacy endpoint was new brain infarction confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or death by 60 days. Secondary endpoints included 8-month survival and neuro-disability; the number of grade 3 and 4 and serious adverse events; and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory lipid mediator profiles. 41 participants were randomised to placebo, 39 to aspirin 81 mg/day, and 40 to aspirin 1000 mg/day between October 2014 and May 2016. TBM was proven microbiologically in 92/120 (76.7%) and baseline brain imaging revealed ≥1 infarct in 40/114 (35.1%) participants. The primary safety outcome occurred in 5/36 (13.9%) given placebo, and in 8/35 (22.9%) and 8/40 (20.0%) given 81 mg and 1000 mg aspirin, respectively (p=0.59). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 11/38 (28.9%) given placebo, 8/36 (22.2%) given aspirin 81 mg, and 6/38 (15.8%) given 1000 mg aspirin (p=0.40). Planned subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction between aspirin treatment effect and diagnostic category (Pheterogeneity = 0.01) and suggested a potential reduction in new infarcts and deaths by day 60 in the aspirin treated participants with microbiologically confirmed TBM (11/32 (34.4%) events in placebo vs. 4/27 (14.8%) in aspirin 81 mg vs. 3/28 (10.7%) in aspirin 1000 mg; p=0.06). CSF analysis demonstrated aspirin dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane A2 and upregulation of pro-resolving CSF protectins. The addition of aspirin to dexamethasone may improve outcomes from TBM and warrants investigation in a large phase 3 trial.
Vibrator and PI4KIIIα govern neuroblast polarity by anchoring non-muscle myosin II
Authors: Koe Chwee Tat , Tan Ye Sing , Lönnfors Max , Hur Seong Kwon , Low Christine Siok Lan , Zhang Yingjie , Kanchanawong Pakorn , Bankaitis Vytas A , Wang Hongyan
Published: February 2018

A central feature of most stem cells is the ability to self-renew and undergo differentiation via asymmetric division. However, during asymmetric division the role of phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids and their regulators is not well established. Here, we show that the sole type I PI transfer protein, Vibrator, controls asymmetric division of Drosophilaneural stem cells (NSCs) by physically anchoring myosin II regulatory light chain, Sqh, to the NSC cortex. Depletion of vib or disruption of its lipid binding and transfer activities disrupts NSC polarity. We propose that Vib stimulates PI4KIIIα to promote synthesis of a plasma membrane pool of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] that, in turn, binds and anchors myosin to the NSC cortex. Remarkably, Sqh also binds to PI(4)P in vitro and both Vib and Sqh mediate plasma membrane localization of PI(4)P in NSCs. Thus, reciprocal regulation between Myosin and PI(4)P likely governs asymmetric division of NSCs.
Marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula and nearby waters
Authors: Martínez-Laiz Gemma , Ros Macarena , Guerra-García José M.
Published: February 2018

Effective management of marine bioinvasions starts with prevention, communication among the scientific community and comprehensive updated data on the distribution ranges of exotic species. Despite being a hotspot for introduction due to numerous shipping routes converging at the Strait of Gibraltar, knowledge of marine exotics in the Iberian Peninsula is scarce, especially of abundant but small-sized and taxonomically challenging taxa such as the Order Isopoda. To fill this gap, we conducted several sampling surveys in 44 marinas and provide the first comprehensive study of marine exotic isopods from the Iberian Peninsula, the southern side of the Strait of Gibraltar (northern Africa) and the Balearic Islands. Exotic species includedIaniropsis serricaudis(first record for the Iberian Peninsula and Lusitanian marine province),Paracerceis sculpta(first record for the Alboran Sea ecoregion),Paradella dianae,Paranthura japonica(earliest record for the Iberian Peninsula) andSphaeroma walkeri. Photographs with morphological details for identification for non-taxonomic experts are provided, their worldwide distribution is updated and patterns of invasion are discussed. We report an expansion in the distribution range of all species, especially at the Strait of Gibraltar and nearby areas.Ianiropsis serricaudisandParanthura japonicaare polyvectic, with shellfish trade and recreational boating being most probable vectors for their introduction and secondary spread. The subsequent finding of the studied species in additional marinas over the years points at recreational boating as a vector and indicates a future spread. We call for attention to reduce lags in the detection and reporting of small-size exotics, which usually remain overlooked or underestimated until the invasion process is at an advanced stage.
Psychrophrynella glaucasp. n., a new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the montane forests of the Amazonian Andes of Puno, Peru
Authors: Catenazzi Alessandro , Ttito Alex
Published: February 2018

We describe a new species of small strabomantid frog (genusPsychrophrynella) from a humid montane forest in the Peruvian Department of Puno. Specimens were collected at 2,225 m a.s.l. in the leaf litter of primary montane forest near Thiuni, along the Macusani–San Gabán road, in the province of Carabaya. The new species is assigned toPsychrophrynellaon the basis of morphological similarity, including presence of a tubercle on the inner edge of the tarsus, and call composed of multiple notes. We also include genetic distances for 16S rRNA partial sequences between the new species and other strabomantid frogs. The species with lowest genetic distances arePsychrophrynella chirihampatuandPsychrophrynella usurpator. Psychrophrynella glaucasp. n. is readily distinguished from the three other species ofPsychrophrynella(Psychrophrynella bagrecito,P. chirihampatu, andP. usurpator) by its small size, and by having belly and ventral surfaces of legs reddish-brown or red, and chest and throat brown to dark brown with a profusion of bluish-gray flecks. The new species is only known from its type locality. With the discovery ofP. glauca, the geographic distribution ofPsychrophrynellais extended to the Department of Puno, where it was no longer represented after the description of the genusMicrokayla. Furthermore, the Cordillera de Carabaya is the only mountain range known to be home to four of the seven genera of Holoadeninae (Bryophryne,Microkayla,Noblella, andPsychrophrynella), suggesting an intriguing evolutionary history for this group in southern Peru.
Things You Wouldn’t Think to Look For in One Place
Authors: Kachru Sonam
Published: February 2018

This brief essay explores an example introduced by Vasubandhu in the third chapter of his Treasury of Metaphysics (Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam). The example involves the report that one can, apparently, find in molten metal an environment conducive to the generation of a species of small-scaled critters, which example, however otherwise bizarre to us (and to a generation of scholars who have passed over it in silence), Vasubandhu appears to believe well known and capable of supporting striking generalizations about life and matter. I offer three sorts of comments on this example and three varieties of reasons for taking it more seriously than we have. Firstly, considering the textual provenance of the example forces us to acknowledge the possibility of a much richer textual world to which Vasubandhu had access, one possibly stretching from Peshawar to Rome. Following the philosophical implications of the example in turn allows us to trace with Vasubandhu an intriguing complication in the concepts of life and matter and how they interrelate. Lastly, the methodological implications of taking such examples seriously direct us to a distinctive target of historical and philosophical exploration: the historically contingent contours for what is, and what is not, possible.
Variations on the Indo-European “Fire and Water” Mytheme in Three Alchemical Accounts
Authors: White David Gordon
Published: February 2018

Five medieval Sanskrit-language descriptions of a fabulous technique for extracting mercury from the “wells” in which it naturally resides are shown to be remarkably similar to accounts preserved in Chinese and Syriac. Whereas the Sanskrit and Chinese versions date from no earlier than the thirteenth century C.E., the Syriac version dates from no later than the tenth century. The present article first compares and contrasts these three alchemical narratives, and then suggests that all three are perhaps related to a broader and far more ancient Indo-European mythic tradition of a deity associated with the phenomenon of “Fire in Water,” as attested in Vedic, Avestan, Roman, Irish, and Greek sources. All eight of these witnesses appear to attest to ancient religious and scientific traditions relative to geothermal phenomena.
Stuttered Speech and Moral Intent
Authors: Pitner Mark G.
Published: February 2018

When examining the history of early imperial China one is struck by the number of important personages, from Han Feizi 韓非子 (ca. 280–ca. 233 B.C.E.) and Yang Xiong 揚雄 (53 B.C.E.–18 C.E.) to Guo Pu 郭璞 (276–324) and Wang Wei 王微 (415–453), who are described in biographical records as kouji 口吃 (disfluent). This paper contextualizes these descriptions by examining both the hermeneutical tradition regarding the language used to describe this condition and its evolving understanding in the traditional Chinese medical records. These two broad bodies of social understanding provide a compelling tool for interpreting and contextualizing the many descriptions of individuals in the early imperial biographical tradition. It becomes clear when taken in this larger context and as a collective that this condition is not just a random oddity to be included in a biography as merely an outlying feature of an individual, but that disfluency was understood in the much more highly charged realm of language production and moral practice. It spoke to the long-standing tension over rhetorical skill versus moral intent, form versus content. Finally, what also emerges from the collective is a clearer understanding of the range of strategies that individuals with this disability found to navigate the specific social context of early imperial elite culture. It is out of these dual views, collective-moral and individual-functional, that this study provides insights into the lives of these highly influential individuals and adds layers to our understanding of the social and medical context for individuals with disabilities in early imperial China.
Some Notes on enūma eliš
Authors: Seri Andrea
Published: February 2018

The text commonly known as the Babylonian Poem of Creation has attracted scholarly attention since it was first translated in the late nineteenth century, although critical editions have appeared only recently. In 2014 there was published a lengthy study on enūma eliš that presents a number of original approaches to the ancient composition. This new book is the subject of the following notes.
Eleventh-Century Egyptian Guide to the Universe: The Book of Curiosities. Edited and translated by Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith
Authors: Walker Paul E.
Published: February 2018

An Eleventh-Century Egyptian Guide to the Universe: The Book of Curiosities. Edited and translated by Yossef Rapoport and Emilie Savage-Smith. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science, vol. 87. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. xii + 698, illus. $289, €223.
Zayd. By David S. Powers
Authors: Vikør Knut S.
Published: February 2018

Zayd. By David S. Powers. Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. Pp x + 175. $55, £36.
Archetypal Sunnī Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bājūrī. By Aaron Spevack
Authors: Opwis Felicitas
Published: February 2018

The Archetypal Sunnī Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of al-Bājūrī. By Aaron Spevack. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2014. Pp. viii + 212. $80.
Al-Jabartī, ʿAjāʾib al-āthār fī l-tarājim wa-l-akhbār (The Marvelous Chronicles: Biographies and Events). Edited by Shmuel Moreh
Authors: Hanna Nelly
Published: February 2018

Al-Jabartī, ʿAjāʾib al-āthār fī l-tarājim wa-l-akhbār (The Marvelous Chronicles: Biographies and Events). Edited by Shmuel Moreh. Max Schloessinger Memorial Series, Texts, vol. 9. 5 vols. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 2013. Pp. 2,780. $525.
Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts. Edited by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald
Authors: Dunstan Helen
Published: February 2018

Money in Asia (1200–1900): Small Currencies in Social and Political Contexts. Edited by Jane Kate Leonard and Ulrich Theobald. Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600–1900, vol. 6. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Pp. l + 522. €180, $234.
Head beneath the Altar: Hindu Mythology and the Critique of Sacrifice. By Brian Collins
Authors: Gerety Finnian M. M.
Published: February 2018

The Head beneath the Altar: Hindu Mythology and the Critique of Sacrifice. By Brian Collins. Studies in Violence, Mimesis, and Culture Series. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2014. Pp. x + 310. $24.95 (paper).
Less Traveled Path: Saddharmasmrtyupasthānasūtra Chapter 2, Critically Edited with a Study on Its Structure and Significance for the Development of Buddhist Meditation. 2 vols. By Daniel M. Stuart
Authors: Kritzer Robert
Published: February 2018

A Less Traveled Path: Saddharmasmrtyupasthānasūtra Chapter 2, Critically Edited with a Study on Its Structure and Significance for the Development of Buddhist Meditation. 2 vols. By Daniel M. Stuart. Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region, vols. 18/1+2. Beijing: China Tibetology Publishing House; Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2015. Pp. xiv + 642; 377. €98.
Babylonian Theodicy. By Takayoshi Oshima
Authors: Hays Christopher B.
Published: February 2018

The Babylonian Theodicy. By Takayoshi Oshima. State Archives of Assyria Cuneiform Texts, vol. 9. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2013. Pp. lxiii + 63. $39 (paper). [Distributed by Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Ind.]
Theban Desert Road Survey II: The Rock Shrine of Paḥu, Gebel Akhenaton, and Other Rock Inscriptions from the Western Hinterland of Qamûla. By John Coleman Darnell
Authors: Müller-Wollermann Renate
Published: February 2018

Theban Desert Road Survey II: The Rock Shrine of Paḥu, Gebel Akhenaton, and Other Rock Inscriptions from the Western Hinterland of Qamûla. By John Coleman Darnell. Yale Egyptological Publications, vol. 1. New Haven: Yale Egyptological Institute, 2013. Pp. xvii + 454, 246 plts. $150. [Distributed by ISD, Bristol, Conn.]
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: February 2018

Front matter
A profissionalização imposta por decreto: notas sobre a reformulação neoliberal na educação dos trabalhadores brasileiros
Authors: Santos José Deribaldo Gomes dos
Published: February 2018

 

O Decreto nº 2.208/97, ao impossibilitar a integração da modalidade profissionalizante com o ensino médio, recebeu inúmeras críticas. O Decreto nº 5.154/04, ao repor tal possibilidade, foi elogiado. No entanto, há elementos que aproximam os dois dispositivos. Debater as proximidades entre os dois decretos é o objetivo principal do presente artigo. Tarefa que seja apreendida tendo como orientação a crítica marxista.
Contribuições de José Carlos Mariátegui às análises em política educacional
Authors: Barão Gilcilene Oliveira Damasceno , Gonçalves Leandro Sartori
Published: February 2018

O estado da arte no âmbito das políticas educacionais apontam lacunas quanto aos aportes teóricos-metodológicos nas análises dos processos sócios históricos sobre as sociedades latino-americanas.  O presente artigo inventaria alguns destes fundamentos teóricos-metodológicos no contexto latino-americano, dialogando com a produção do peruano José Carlos Mariátegui. Desta forma, situa-se o autor, o seu contexto e alguns dos pontos centrais em sua produção sobre educação. Ademais, tem-se como pressuposto que na América Latina, a partir de sua inserção dependente no âmbito da divisão internacional do trabalho, desdobra-se relações específicas de desenvolvimento desigual e combinado na economia, na política e na educação.

 
Lênin e Che Guevara
Authors: Pericás Luiz Bernardo Murtinho
Published: February 2018

Este artigo discute as ideias e leituras de V. I. Lênin e Che Guevara em relação ao marxismo, à revolução socialista e aos caminhos para o desenvolvimento econômico.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Lactams by theStaudinger Reaction
Authors: Landa Aitor , Mielgo Antonia , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio
Published: February 2018

In the century since Staudinger first reported the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between a ketene and an imine to produce a β‐lactam, many variants, including highly stereoselective versions, have appeared that demonstrate a reliable and versatile transformation which has become the major synthetic entry to β‐lactams and products derived therefrom. Important advances have been made towards understanding the reaction mechanism, which in most cases is a stepwise process, as well as defining the variables which influence stereoselectivity. Successful diastereocontrol of the reaction can be achieved by using chiral auxiliaries attached at the ketene or the imine component, with diastereomeric ratios often above 95:5. Although most stereoselective methods afford β‐lactams with the 3,4‐cisrelative configuration, procedures to generate both monocyclic and bicyclic β‐lactams possessing the 3,4‐transconfiguration are also available. Whereas most current Staudinger protocols employ preformed imines, ketenes tend to be unstable and therefore are usually prepared in situ through dehydrohalogenation of acid chlorides by treatment with an excess of a tertiary amine base, or by in situ activation of carboxylic acids. Alternatively, stereoselective Staudinger reactions involving ketene generation by photolysis of Fisher chromium–carbene complexes or the Wolff rearrangement of α‐diazo carbonyl compounds are also viable. By this methodology stereoisomerically enriched β‐lactams can be prepared with a range of substitution patterns at the N1, C2, and C3 positions. The majority of the Staudinger reaction variants involve the synthesis of 3‐amino‐ and 3‐oxy‐β‐lactams, with fewer examples of 3‐halo‐, 3‐thio‐, or 3‐carbon‐substituted analogues. This chapter also describes applications of the Staudinger reaction to the synthesis of some important β‐lactam and non‐β‐lactam products.