bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da Utilização da Robótica como Objeto de Aprendizagem nas Disciplinas de Física do Ensino Médio em Escolas Públicas do Litoral Norte da Paraíba
Authors: Silva Adriano Patrício da , Castro Neto Mariano
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta um estudo acerca da Avaliação da Utilização da Robótica como Objeto de Aprendizagem nas Disciplinas de Física do Ensino Médio em Escolas Públicas do Litoral Norte da Paraíba. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa e realizou-se com 14 (quatorze) professores de 20 (vinte) escolas públicas. As sínteses finais mostram que há evidências do desenvolvimento de competências tecnológicas. É imperativo avaliar os impactos da robótica no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Como continuação deste estudo, procura-se ampliar as discussões acerca de critérios de aplicação e avaliação, no contexto, de outras disciplinas da área de ciências exatas a exemplo da Matemática e da Química.
Aprendizagem colaborativa: desenvolvimento de Projetos de Aprendizagem em ambientes digitais
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Menezes Crediné de , Fagundes Léa
Published: November 2016

Este artigo descreve o trabalho desenvolvido durante a disciplina de Projetos de Aprendizagem em ambientes digitais oferecida em caráter eletivo para alunos de graduação de diferentes cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, desenvolvido no primeiro semestre de 2015. Apresenta um breve relato do contexto das tecnologias, dos trabalhos em ambientes digitais e da metodologia de Projetos de Aprendizagem, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas durante a disciplina, aportes tecnológicos utilizados, como ocorreu o processo de construção de conhecimento e uma avaliação do uso da metodologia por parte dos alunos e dos professores mediadores.
Acessibilidade em Websites de Instituições Escolares com foco no Atendimento aos Usuários Surdos
Authors: Basso Guilherme , Prietch Soraia
Published: November 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar dois websites de instituições escolares para verificar características de acessibilidade para pessoas Surdas ou com Deficiência Auditiva (S/DA), com enfoque no uso de avaliadores automáticos disponíveis. Obteve-se como resultado que, nos websites pesquisados, não foi encontrado elementos de acessibilidade para pessoas S/DA e que estes websites não estavam de acordo com as normas de acessibilidade. Além disso, foi possível efetuar um comparativo entre as diferentes formas de apresentação de resultados emitidos pelos avaliadores automáticos.
Assessing the Problem-Solving Strategies of Linear Function Using Blended Learning: The Effectiveness of Educational Social Network
Authors: Almeida Valdneide , Gomes Alex Sandro , Spinilo Alina , Saraiva Juliana
Published: November 2016

Learning processes of Mathematics have been facing historical difficulties when the study object is an abstract issue such as Linear Function (LF). In this context, mixture approach for teaching has been adopted: Blended Learning (BL). Thus, the goal of this study is to assess problemsolving strategies concerning LF when a BL approach is applied. The methodological steps were composed by face-to-face observations, virtual observations, and questionnaire application. The research was conducted at a public school with 02 teachers and 84 students. As result, 08 learning strategies were identified, and it was possible to observe evidences of the effectiveness of the BL when it was adopted in the described context.
Lugares e Saberes: atividades informatizadas de alfabetização em português/libras
Authors: Silveira Jaqueline , Santana Lívia , Andrade Marcus , Silva Esther , Valadão Michelle , Oliveira Indira , Coelho Igor
Published: November 2016

A utilização de jogos no apoio ao processo educacional tem atraído cada vez mais o interesse de pesquisadores e educadores, que entendem os jogos como ferramentas instrucionais eficazes para a melhoria do processo de aprendizado. Este trabalho apresenta um jogo gratuito que contém diversas atividades educacionais, as quais contemplam o processo de alfabetização de diversas faixas etárias e, principalmente, atende jovens, adultos e pessoas com deficiências e surdez. Para atender as especificidades destes usuários, o jogo oferece funcionalidades que facilitam o manuseio do mesmo e também a opção de acompanhamento das atividades pelos professores/pais.
Prototipação de Chatterbots como Método de Aprendizagem em Cursos de Computação: uma experiência em sala de aula
Authors: Moraes Silvia , Santos Andre , Redecker Matheus
Published: November 2016

Este artigo relata uma experiência em sala de aula na qual a prototipação de chatbots foi utilizada como método de aprendizagem. Essa experiência foi realizada em uma turma de Inteligência Artificial do curso de Sistemas de Informação. Neste artigo, são detalhadas as etapas do método usado, bem como os resultados obtidos. Nós percebemos um maior engajamento dos alunos nas atividades propostas e ganhos em suas aprendizagens.
O Uso das Tecnologias Digitais Acoplados aos Projetos de Conhecimento para Promover à Criatividade em Matemática
Authors: Oliveira Antonio Neres , Bercht Magda , Basso Marcus , Nascimento Allison
Published: November 2016

As novas gerações estão intimamente ligadas e implicadas pelas novidades tecnológicas, entretanto, existe um abismo entre informática e a educação ainda a ser superado. Este artigo descreve uma experiência didática acoplado a um projeto de conhecimento, no sentido de promover a criatividade em matemática alinhada à metodologia resolução de problemas. O estudo fez uso da pesquisa quanto-qualitativa participativa, que congregou uma amostra de 36 alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal da cidade de Imperatriz-MA. Os resultados mostram o potencial das tecnologias digitais, quando mediadas por projetos de conhecimento no desenvolvimento da criatividade em Matemática.
Prática pedagógica com celular e Stop-motion em interdisciplinaridade com Artes
Authors: Freitas Neliane Alves de , Marinho Italo Weyder Teles , Santos Marcos Nascimento dos , Brito Neto Olavo
Published: November 2016

Considerando que o celular tem interferindo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula, provocando a falta de atenção dos alunos nas disciplinas cursadas, este trabalho sugere uma proposta de utilização de dispositivos móveis em sala apresentando os resultados da intervenção do Estágio Supervisionado realizado em uma escola estadual, com os alunos do 3° ano do Ensino Médio Regular. Os resultados apontam como uma alternativa viável a utilização de dispositivos móveis em sala de aula como mecanismo de produção e adaptação de conhecimento.
Clube de programação e oficinas com o Scratch: um relato de experiência
Authors: Soares Josiane Patrícia Rodrigues dos Santos , Cerci Rafael Garcia , Monte-Alto Helio Henrique Lopes Costa
Published: November 2016

Este projeto está sendo desenvolvido com o objetivo de introduzir a programação de computadores, por meio da linguagem Scratch, a alunos do Ensino Fundamental, como forma de desenvolver neles o raciocínio lógico e computacional e instigá-los ao interesse pela Computação. A linguagem possibilita ao aluno aprimorar o raciocínio e os conceitos matemáticos que norteiam a programação de computadores, visando estimular de maneira lúdica a interação por meio de blocos que remetem ao brinquedo de montar LEGO. O estudo está sendo realizado por meio de um clube de programação em parceria com um Colégio Estadual do município de Palotina-PR. Também são realizadas, eventualmente, oficinas de programação abertas à comunidade escolar. Apresentamos evidências de que as oficinas e o clube despertam o interesse dos alunos pela programação de computadores. Deste modo, este estudo pretende evidenciar a efetividade e viabilidade de introduzir a Ciência da Computação no Ensino Fundamental e avaliar o uso do Scratch neste contexto.
Editorial
Authors: Marzal Felici Javier , Casero Ripollés Andreu
Published: November 2016

Presentación de los contenidos del número 9.
«¿La vida empieza o acaba con el matrimonio?»: Amor, diseño de ética y libertad dirigida en Catherine
Authors: Navarro-Remesal Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2016

La preocupación por la ética es una de las tendencias más destacadas del diseño contemporáneo de videojuegos, con obras como la trilogía Mass Effect (Bioware, 2007-2012), This War of Mine (11 Bit Studios, 2014), Democracy (Positech Games, 2005) o la serie The Walking Dead (Telltale Games, 2012-2014). Aunque la forma más visible de diseño de ética son las decisiones morales, la ética videolúdica es un área mayor que aglutina elementos como el sistema de recompensas o la consonancia ludonarrativa. Entender el diseño de ética, además, ayuda a comprender mejor otras preguntas de primer nivel sobre los videojuegos, como los modos en que pueden contar historias, qué grado y forma de libertad tiene la jugadora dentro del proceso de la partida o hasta qué punto participa de la creación de sentido del discurso. En este texto ofrecemos un repaso y una construcción teórica de esas cuestiones y las aplicamos al estudio del caso de Catherine (Atlus, 2011), un juego japonés que combina diversas estrategias de diseño de ética en un texto que huye de la tradicional dicotomía entre bien y mal y que interpela directamente a la jugadora para hacerle expresar sus opiniones sobre el amor y los estilos de vida desde una doble vertiente: como actante del rol del protagonista, Vincent, y como ella misma.
La localización como factor clave en el proceso de desarrollo de un videojuego
Authors: Méndez González Ramón
Published: November 2016

Los videojuegos se han convertido en el producto de ocio electrónico por excelencia. En la actualidad, el mercado ha llegado a superar a grandes industrias como la del cine o la música y se ha convertido en un fenómeno de masas que no deja de crecer y expandirse por todo el mundo. Sin embargo, esa expansión internacional depende en gran medida del proceso de localización y adaptación cultural para poder hacer más accesible el producto al público de diferentes mercados, tanto a nivel puramente lingüístico y textual como a nivel cultural. Dicho proceso se convierte, por tanto, en una herramienta indispensable para poder lanzar un juego con garantías de éxito en distintos países, si bien no suele ser una de las prioridades de los desarrolladores de un producto de ocio digital, que se centran más en la parte puramente técnica del proceso de desarrollo y no se preocupan de estos detalles hasta después de haber hecho realidad el juego que habían visionado. En este estudio, profundizaremos en lo que es un videojuego, analizaremos sus elementos básicos y determinaremos por qué el proceso de localización es tan importante a la hora de conseguir que el jugador disfrute plenamente de la producción.
Modelos de producción del videojuego en España
Authors: Pérez Rufí José Patricio
Published: November 2016

Esta investigación tiene por objeto analizar la actividad de las empresas españolas desarrolladoras de videojuegos a fin de categorizarlas en diferentes grupos. Evaluaremos el estado de la producción española e intentaremos descubrir tendencias empresariales. Aunque no podemos hablar de un solo modelo de producción, consideramos que las dinámicas comunes de muchas empresas permiten agruparlas en pocos modelos. Actualmente son 330 el número de productoras activas en España, por lo que podemos afirmar que nos encontramos en un momento de eclosión del sector del desarrollo. La industria española del videojuego se encuentra plenamente integrada dentro de las estructuras internacionales de la industria: la fuerte presencia del oligopolio de los fabricantes del hardware en todos los sectores y la influencia determinante de pocas editoras internacionales no eliminan la posibilidad de una producción desde márgenes independientes. Con objeto de lograr nuestros objetivos, estudiaremos una muestra de 35 desarrolladoras españolas atendiendo a la plataforma para la que programan su software, la propiedad intelectual de los juegos (IP) y el tipo de distribución de su producción. Las conclusiones a las que llega esta investigación confirman parcialmente la hipótesis de partida, dado que podemos identificar diversas líneas de actuación comunes que, pese a las innumerables variaciones de cada modelo, permiten categorizar el sector en tres tipos de empresas.
Therapeutic Use of Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement in the Treatment of Hip and Knee Joint Infections
Authors: Anagnostakos Konstantinos
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The use of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers is an established method in the management of periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections. Despite inconsistencies among published studies, data shows that infection control rates exceed 90% with two-stage exchange arthroplasty. The present work reviews the current literature about antibiotic-loaded cement spacers and concentrates on the indications for spacer implantation, spacer production details, antibiotic impregnation, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical success, mechanical complications, and systemic safety.
Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder with Proximal Humerus Osteomyelitis, Treated by Ilizarov Shoulder Arthrodesis
Authors: Kendall John , McNally Martin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Septic arthritis of the shoulder can destroy the glenohumeral joint resulting in significant pain, instability and poor function. Surgical treatment is notoriously difficult with significant risk of complications. Shoulder arthrodesis has been performed using both internal and external fixation but has high complication rates in the presence of infection.We present our experience of managing a patient with significant pain and loss of function as a result of septic arthritis of the shoulder following infected proximal humeral fracture fixation with associated proximal humeral osteomyelitis. We discuss patient presentation, appropriate investigations, decision-making, pre-operative planning and the principles of managing of bone and joint infection.Wide excision with Ilizarov stabilisation and implantation of an absorbable antibiotic carrier, allowed successful fusion with eradication of the infection. The benefits of using this arthrodesis technique include reduced risk of infection recurrence and excellent stability of construct, therefore reducing time to fusion and minimising soft tissue trauma with the opportunity for early rehabilitation and return to optimal level of function.
Traces de savoirs et de collections historiques : quelques réflexions autour de l’Inventaire des imprimés anciens au Québec à la bibliothèque universitaire de McGill
Authors: Hansen Ann-Marie
Published: November 2016

Cette rétrospective du labeur accompli par l’IMAQ dans les collections de la bibliothèque de l’Université McGill se penche sur la grande variété de documents imprimés mis au jour au fil d’un long travail de détective. Le recours à l’archéologie documentaire souligne la diachronie des strates des collections anciennes intégrées à l’actuel fond de la bibliothèque. Chaque volume reflète alors la qualité du savoir de son époque, et le présent article se veut une incitation à aborder l’imprimé historique du point de vue de la collection qu’il constitue et dont il fait partie, permettant ainsi d’en apprécier toute la signification à travers les âges.
Un filon montréalais méconnu : les manuscrits et imprimés des XVe et XVIe siècles
Authors: Dunn-Lardeau Brenda
Published: November 2016

Cet article décrit les contributions à l’inventaire, au catalogage ainsi qu’à l’étude des manuscrits et des imprimés européens des bibliothèques de Montréal par les membres du Groupe de recherche multidisciplinaire de Montréal sur les livres anciens (XVe-XVIIIesiècles) depuis sa fondation en 2004. Pour cela, on reviendra sur les publications antérieures et les expositions du groupe d’abord consacrées aux collections de manuscrits et d’imprimés des XVeet XVIesiècles de l’Université du Québec à Montréal et qui se sont étendues à d’autres collections montréalaises, pour clore sur le dernier projet en cours consacré aux livres d’Heures conservés au Québec. Ce dernier projet poursuit la double perspective adoptée par le groupe, qui est celle de l’histoire du livre européen et de sa réception en sol québécois. L’approche caractéristique du groupe a été, d’une part, de jumeler les études de fonds aux expositions, petites ou grandes, de livres anciens et, d’autre part, de privilégier le catalogue raisonné à celui de typeshort-titleselon les méthodes de la codicologie ou de la bibliographie matérielle pour rendre compte des multiples et riches facettes du livre manuscrit et imprimé. Cet article présentera le travail catalographique accompli et celui en cours sur les vingt-six livres d’Heures manuscrits et imprimés et les trente-quatre folios détachés ainsi que le projet d’exposition et de colloque sur les livres d’Heures prévu pour l’automne 2018 au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal.
Bibliothèque familiale et pratiques bibliophiliques chez les Salaberry
Authors: La Charité Claude
Published: November 2016

En matière de bibliothèques, le Québec apparaît comme une société résolument du
Nouveau Monde, où le patrimoine imprimé est demeuré, jusqu’à récemment, une notion abstraite
plutôt qu’une pratique bien ancrée, et cela indépendamment de la richesse et de l’intérêt
des collections de livres, rarement perçues comme un héritage à transmettre aux générations
suivantes. Il faudrait cependant se garder de généraliser hâtivement, car quelques rares
exceptions viennent heureusement nuancer cette règle. C’est le cas de la bibliothèque
familiale des Irumberry de Salaberry aujourd’hui dispersée, mais dont deux exemplaires ont
été récemment retrouvés. Le premier de ces ouvrages est le tome I des Mémoires
militaires sur les Grecs et les Romains (1760) de Charles Guischardt. L’exemplaire,
conservé à l’Université de Sherbrooke, porte l’ex-dono manuscrit
d’Ignace-Michel-Louis-Antoine d’Irumberry de Salaberry (1752-1828) à son fils Charles, héros
de la bataille de la Châteauguay. L’autre ouvrage, conservé dans une collection
particulière, est L’Hermite en province (1819) d’Étienne de Jouy. Cet exemplaire
comporte l’ex-libris du père, ainsi que certaines annotations de sa main relatives,
notamment, à la signification du patronyme Salaberry en langue basque. Cet article se
propose d’étudier ces deux exemplaires pour en montrer la signification et la portée en vue
d’une histoire, qui reste à écrire, des usages du livre et de la bibliophilie dans le Québec
du XIXe siècle.
Nina Bouraoui, martyr(s) de l’écho : de la blessure à une nouvelle sexualité par l’affect
Authors: Montalbano Sylvain
Published: November 2016

Analysant les romans de Nina Bouraoui, en particulier Mes mauvaises pensées, Appelez-moi par mon prénom et Nos baisers sont des adieux, cet article démontre comment l’écrivaine transforme l’extrême violence de sa prose – à raconter son sentiment de blessure face aux identités distinctes d’auteure française, algérienne et queer qu’on veut lui imposer – en un véhicule capable de transmettre des affects plutôt qu’une logique narrative. En reliant certaines œuvres d’art (y compris ses propres textes littéraires) à d’autres corps dans une même virtualité en tant qu’« émetteurs-récepteurs » d’affects, Bouraoui en arrive à suggérer la possibilité d’une nouvelle sexualité queer affective, c’est-à-dire relationnelle et allant au-delà de l’orientation sexuelle de chacun(e).
Dynamic control of Hsf1 during heat shock by a chaperone switch and phosphorylation
Authors: Zheng Xu , Krakowiak Joanna , Patel Nikit , Beyzavi Ali , Ezike Jideofor , Khalil Ahmad S , Pincus David
Published: November 2016

Heat shock factor (Hsf1) regulates the expression of molecular chaperones to maintain protein homeostasis. Despite its central role in stress resistance, disease and aging, the mechanisms that control Hsf1 activity remain unresolved. Here we show that in budding yeast, Hsf1 basally associates with the chaperone Hsp70 and this association is transiently disrupted by heat shock, providing the first evidence that a chaperone repressor directly regulates Hsf1 activity. We develop and experimentally validate a mathematical model of Hsf1 activation by heat shock in which unfolded proteins compete with Hsf1 for binding to Hsp70. Surprisingly, we find that Hsf1 phosphorylation, previously thought to be required for activation, in fact only positively tunes Hsf1 and does so without affecting Hsp70 binding. Our work reveals two uncoupled forms of regulation - an ON/OFF chaperone switch and a tunable phosphorylation gain - that allow Hsf1 to flexibly integrate signals from the proteostasis network and cell signaling pathways.
Silence without stress
Authors: Young David J , Guydosh Nicholas R
Published: November 2016

Two mechanisms ensure that the mRNA encoding Hac1 protein, a transcription factor involved in the unfolded protein response, is only translated when it is needed.
Microstructures of Al–Al3Ti functionally graded materials fabricated by centrifugal solid-particle method and centrifugal in situ method
Authors: Watanabe Yoshimi , Zhou Qi , Sato Hisashi , Fujii Toshiyuki , Inamura Tomonari
Published: November 2016

Methods of fabrication by centrifugal casting for functionally graded materials (FGMs) can be classified into two categories on the basis of the relationship between the process temperature and the liquidus temperature of a master alloy. They are the centrifugal solid-particle method and centrifugal in situ method, which could be carried out at process temperatures lower and higher than the liquidus temperature of the master alloy, respectively. In a previous study, it was found that the microstructures of Al–Al3Ti FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal in situ method processed at 1600 °C were different from those fabricated by the centrifugal solid-particle method processed at 800 °C. Although it is expected that the FGMs fabricated by the centrifugal in situ method processed at approximately the liquidus temperature should show extraordinary microstructures, those microstructures have not been observed. In this study, the microstructures of Al–Al3Ti FGMs fabricated at 1000 °C (centrifugal solid-particle method) and 1200 °C (centrifugal in situ method) were investigated.
Design and experimental verification of CMOS magnetic-based microbead detection using an asynchronous intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver
Authors: Niitsu Kiichi , Kobayashi Atsuki , Yoshida Kohei , Nakazato Kazuo
Published: November 2016

In this study, an asynchronous intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver was used to design and experimentally verify a CMOS magnetic-based microbeads detection system. Magnetic microbeads were employed for the surrounding living cells. These microbeads increased the magnetic flux and enabled the operation of an intra-chip inductive-coupling transceiver with a low transmitter supply voltage. Thus, by sensing the change in transmitter supply voltage, the system detected the living cells surrounded by microbeads. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a test chip was fabricated using 0.25 µm CMOS technology. The measured results successfully demonstrated the detection of microbeads.
Induced pluripotent stem cells from human hair follicle keratinocytes as a potential source for in vitro hair follicle cloning
Authors: Lim Sheng Jye , Ho Shu Cheow , Mok Pooi Ling , Tan Kian Lee , Ong Alan H.K. , Gan Seng Chiew
Published: November 2016

Background

Human hair follicles are important for the renewal of new hairs and their development. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from hair follicles is easy due to its accessibility and availability. The pluripotent cells derived from hair follicles not only have a higher tendency to re-differentiate into hair follicles, but are also more suited for growth in hair scalp tissue microenvironment.

Methods

In this study, human hair follicular keratinocytes were used to generate iPSCs, which were then further differentiated in vitro into keratinocytes. The derived iPSCs were characterised by using immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and reverse-transcription PCR to check for its pluripotency markers expression.

Results

The iPSC clones expressed pluripotency markers such as TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SSEA4, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LEFTY, and GABRB. The well-formed three germ layers were observed during differentiation using iPSCs derived from hair follicles. The successful formation of keratioctyes from iPSCs was confirmed by the expression of cytokeratin 14 marker.

Discussion

Hair follicles represent a valuable keratinocytes source for in vitro hair cloning for use in treating hair balding or grafting in burn patients. Our significant findings in this report proved that hair follicles could be used to produce pluripotent stem cells and suggested that the genetic and micro-environmental elements of hair follicles might trigger higher and more efficient hair follicles re-differentiation.
The Evaluation of Internal Stent-Related Complications and Risk Factors of Stent Migration in Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Okubo Satoshi , Kato Yuichiro , Gotohda Naoto , Takahashi Shinichiro , Konishi Masaru
Published: November 2016

The placement of an internal stent through a pancreatic anastomosis is one of the surgical techniques to reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula. However, the fate of the internal stent after placement remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate stent-related complications and risk factors of stent migration through pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy. We retrospectively analyzed 159 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Stent migration and stent defecation were confirmed by computed tomography. Risk factors of delayed detachment and migration of the stent were analyzed. The median stent defecation time was 5.6 months and the stent was not expelled after 1 year in 33 patients (20.7%). Stent migration was detected in 11 patients (6.9%); the destination was always the hepatic duct. Stent-related complications were observed in 2 cases (1.3%). There were no significant risk factors of delayed detachment of the stent. Stent length ≤25 mm was the only significant predictive risk factor of stent migration into the hepatic duct in multivariate analysis. The low rate of stent-related complications and the absence of serious adverse effects observed in this study justifies that the placement of the internal stent during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cases with delayed defecation require close and long-term follow-up, especially if a short stent was used.
Seismic anisotropy beneath the Mississippi Embayment and the New Madrid Seismic Zone: A study of shear wave splitting
Authors: Nyamwandha Cecilia A. , Powell Christine A.
Published: November 2016

Shear wave splitting associated with the Mississippi Embayment (ME) is determined using teleseismic SKS phases recorded by the Northern Embayment Lithosphere Experiment (NELE), the USArray Transportable Array (TA), and the New Madrid seismic network for the period 2005–2016. Our data set consists of ~5900 individual splitting measurements from 257 earthquakes recorded at 151 stations within and outside the ME. Stations outside of the ME exhibit significant shear wave splitting, with average delay times between ~ 0.4 s and ~1.8 s. To the northeast and east of the ME, nearly all observed fast orientations are approximately oriented northeast‐southwest, in agreement with absolute plate motion (APM) predicted by HS3‐Nuvel‐1A. The homogeneity of the fast orientations in this region suggests that the splitting is due to active flow in the asthenosphere. A counterclockwise rotation in the splitting orientation is observed moving northeast to northwest across the study area. Inside the ME, some stations show large and systematic deviations of the measured fast orientations from the APM. The delay times within the entire ME range from ~0.9 s to ~ 2.1 s. Splitting complexity is attributed to relic lithospheric fabrics formed during past tectonic events including passage of a hot spot in mid‐Cretaceous time. The anisotropy may also be linked to the presence of a southwest dipping region of low P and S wave velocities below the ME or to deeper flow in the asthenosphere.
Nowcasting earthquakes
Authors: Rundle J. B. , Turcotte D. L. , Donnellan A. , Grant Ludwig L. , Luginbuhl M. , Gong G.
Published: November 2016

Nowcasting is a term originating from economics and finance. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy or markets at the current time by indirect means. We apply this idea to seismically active regions, where the goal is to determine the current state of the fault system and its current level of progress through the earthquake cycle. In our implementation of this idea, we use the global catalog of earthquakes, using “small” earthquakes to determine the level of hazard from “large” earthquakes in the region. Our method does not involve any model other than the idea of an earthquake cycle. Rather, we define a specific region and a specific large earthquake magnitude of interest, ensuring that we have enough data to span at least ~20 or more large earthquake cycles in the region. We then compute the earthquake potential score (EPS) which is defined as the cumulative probability distribution P(n < n(t)) for the current count n(t) for the small earthquakes in the region. From the count of small earthquakes since the last large earthquake, we determine the value of EPS = P(n < n(t)). EPS is therefore the current level of hazard and assigns a number between 0% and 100% to every region so defined, thus providing a unique measure. Physically, the EPS corresponds to an estimate of the level of progress through the earthquake cycle in the defined region at the current time.
Evidence for a biological pump driver of atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadial 1
Authors: Hertzberg Jennifer E. , Lund David C. , Schmittner Andreas , Skrivanek Alexandra L.
Published: November 2016

The initial trigger of the atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1: 14.5–17.5 kyr B.P.) remains elusive. We present a compilation of four paired surface and intermediate‐depth foraminiferal δ13C records to test whether reduced biological pump efficiency led to the initial CO2 rise during the last deglaciation. Surface ocean δ13C decreased across HS1 while intermediate‐depth δ13C increased, leading to a reduction in the upper ocean δ13C gradient. Our compilation also suggests the δ13C gradient increased during the Bølling‐Allerød (12.9–14.5 kyr B.P.) and decreased during the Younger Dryas (YD: 11.7–12.9 kyr B.P.). The HS1 and YD data are consistent with reduced biological export of isotopically light carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization at depth. Our results support the idea that a weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation decreased biological pump efficiency by increasing the overall fraction of preformed nutrients in the global ocean, leading to an increase in atmospheric CO2.
Constraining the kinematics of metropolitan Los Angeles faults with a slip‐partitioning model
Authors: Daout S. , Barbot S. , Peltzer G. , Doin M.‐P. , Liu Z. , Jolivet R.
Published: November 2016

Due to the limited resolution at depth of geodetic and other geophysical data, the geometry and the loading rate of the ramp‐décollement faults below the metropolitan Los Angeles are poorly understood. Here we complement these data by assuming conservation of motion across the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault. Using a Bayesian approach, we constrain the geometry of the ramp‐décollement system from the Mojave block to Los Angeles and propose a partitioning of the convergence with 25.5 ± 0.5 mm/yr and 3.1 ± 0.6 mm/yr of strike‐slip motion along the San Andreas Fault and the Whittier Fault, with 2.7 ± 0.9 mm/yr and 2.5 ± 1.0 mm/yr of updip movement along the Sierra Madre and the Puente Hills thrusts. Incorporating conservation of motion in geodetic models of strain accumulation reduces the number of free parameters and constitutes a useful methodology to estimate the tectonic loading and seismic potential of buried fault networks.
An evaluation of dynamical downscaling of Central Plains summer precipitation using a WRF‐based regional climate model at a convection‐permitting 4 km resolution
Authors: Sun Xuguang , Xue Ming , Brotzge Jerald , McPherson Renee A. , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Yang Xiu‐Qun
Published: November 2016

A significant challenge with dynamical downscaling of climate simulations is the ability to accurately represent convection and precipitation. The use of convection‐permitting resolutions avoids cumulus parameterization, which is known to be a large source of uncertainty. A regional climate model (RCM) based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model is configured with a 4 km grid spacing and applied to the U.S. Great Plains, a region characterized by many forms of weather and climate extremes. The 4 km RCM is evaluated by running it in a hindcast mode over the central U.S. region for a 10 year period, forced at the boundary by the 32 km North America Regional Reanalysis. The model is also run at a 25 km grid spacing, but with cumulus parameterization turned on for comparison. The 4 km run more successfully reproduces certain observed features of the Great Plains May‐through‐August precipitation. In particular, the magnitude of extreme precipitation and the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Great Plains are better simulated. The 4 km run more realistically simulates the low‐level jet and related atmospheric circulations that transport and redistribute moisture from Gulf of Mexico. The convection‐permitting RCM may therefore produce better dynamical downscaling of future climate when nested within global model climate projections, especially for extreme precipitation magnitudes. The 4 km and 25 km simulations do share similar precipitation biases, including low biases over the central Great Plains and high biases over the Rockies. These biases appear linked to circulation biases in the simulations, but determining of the exact causes will require extensive, separate studies.
Variation in the Treatment of Children Hospitalized With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis in the US
Authors: James Karen E. , Xiao Rui , Merkel Peter A. , Weiss Pamela F.
Published: November 2016

Objective

There are few reports on the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) in children. This study characterizes the use of cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and plasma exchange in children hospitalized with AAV in the US.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with AAV from 2004–2014 utilizing an administrative and billing database from 47 tertiary care pediatric hospitals. All patients had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification discharge code of 446.4 and ≥1 charge for glucocorticoids. Treatment receipt was determined using billing data. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the likelihood of receipt of each of the 3 treatments.

Results

During the 11‐year study period there were 1,290 admissions for 393 children. The median age at index admission was 14.6 years, and 61% were female. Dialysis or mechanical ventilation was required by 16% and 17% of the children, respectively. The median length of stay was 9 days. The percentages of children receiving cyclophosphamide, rituximab, or both were 57%, 21%, and 10%, respectively, and 22% received plasma exchange. Mechanical ventilation was associated with the receipt of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange, but not rituximab. There was an increasing trend in the use of rituximab over time during the study period (P < 0.05), and a decreasing trend in the use of cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05). Treatment use varied significantly between hospitals, especially for plasma exchange.

Conclusion

The treatment of children with severe AAV is shifting from cyclophosphamide to rituximab, and their need for dialysis, mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization remains common. Use of plasma exchange is highly variable.
An Effective Approach for High‐Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells by Using Bifunctional DNA Molecules Modified Photoanode
Authors: Ateş Sönmezoğlu Özlem , Akın Seçkin , Terzi Begüm , Mutlu Serdal , Sönmezoğlu Savaş
Published: November 2016

This paper firstly reports the effect of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules extracted from chickpea and wheat plants on the injection/recombination of photogenerated electrons and sensitizing ability of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These high‐yield DNA molecules are applied as both linker bridging unit as well as thin tunneling barrier (TTB) at titanium dioxide (TiO2 )/dye interface, to build up high‐efficient DSSCs. With its favorable energy levels, effective linker bridging role, and double helix structure, bifunctional DNA modifier shows an efficient electron injection, suppressed charge recombination, longer electron lifetime, and higher light harvesting efficiency, which leads to higher photovoltaic performance. In particular, a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.23% is achieved by the binary chickpea and wheat DNA‐modified TiO2 (CW@TiO2) photoanode. Furthermore, time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy measurements confirm a better electron transfer kinetics for DNA‐modified TiO2 photoanodes, implying a higher electron transfer rate (kET). This work highlights a great contribution for the photoanodes that are linked with DNA molecule, which act as both bridging unit and TTB to control the charge recombination and injection dynamics, and hence, boost the photovoltaic performance in the DSSCs.
Chiral Light in Helically Twisted Photonic Lattices
Authors: Zannotti Alessandro , Diebel Falko , Boguslawski Martin , Denz Cornelia
Published: November 2016

The propagation of chiral light in optically induced helical photonic waveguide arrays is investigated. Manifested in their chiral interaction, the system's selectivity to optical orbital angular momentum is demonstrated. In order to realize twisted refractive index waveguide arrays, 3D modulated light fields are tailored to nonlinearly inscribe these helical waveguides in photosensitive material. Additionally, it is shown that this functional system provides controllable output states by optically changing the waveguides' potential depths or the nonlinearity's sign.
Carbon Photodetectors: The Versatility of Carbon Allotropes
Authors: Richter Moses , Heumüller Thomas , Matt Gebhard J. , Heiss Wolfgang , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: November 2016

Carbon‐based organic electronics are a technology, with the potential of complementing and substituting opto‐electronic devices based on inorganic semiconductors and metals. In the group of organic semiconductors, carbon allotropes come with outstanding opto‐electric properties and are remarkable candidates for novel applications like printed electronics via solution‐processing on mechanically flexible, robust and light weight substrates, while reducing the environmental impact. Carbon allotropes like fullerenes, graphene quantum dots (GQD), carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene and also diamond are especially interesting for photodetectors due to their tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficients and high charge carrier mobilites. These unique opto‐electric properties of the allotropes, which strongly depend on their molecular dimensionality (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D), allow each allotrope to be used in a preferential range. Hence, relying on the intrinsic properties of carbon allotropes or by hybridization, carbon‐based photodetectors are built for a spectral bandwidth, reaching from gamma‐rays to THz radiation. This review highlights the recent advances in photodetectors based on fullerenes, GQDs, CNTs, graphene and diamond, with the focus on room temperature‐operated devices. The versatility of multi‐dimensional carbon allotropes is outstanding, and promising results outline the maturing of all carbon‐based photodetection across the technologically relevant wavelengths.
Kinetic study of methane reforming with carbon dioxide over NiCeMgAl bimodal pore catalyst
Authors: Bao Zhenghong , Lu Yongwu , Yu Fei
Published: November 2016

The kinetic behavior of NiCeMgAl bimodal pore catalyst for methane reforming with CO2 was investigated after the elimination of external and internal diffusion effects in a fixed‐bed reactor as a function of temperature and partial pressures of reactants and products. Increase in CO2 partial pressure favors the consumptions of CH4 and CO2 but inhibits the formation of H2 due to the existence of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The reforming rate increased first and then reached a horizontal stage with the rise of CH4 partial pressure. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was developed assuming that the carbon deposition is ignorable but the RWGS reaction is non‐ignorable and the removal of adsorbed carbon intermediate is the rate‐determining step. A nonlinear least‐square method was applied to solve the kinetic parameters. The derived kinetic expression fits the experimental data very well with a R2 above 0.97, and also predicts the products flow rate satisfactorily. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2019–2029, 2017
Predicting Homelessness among Emerging Adults Aging Out of Foster Care
Authors: Shah Melissa Ford , Liu Qinghua , Mark Eddy J. , Barkan Susan , Marshall David , Mancuso David , Lucenko Barbara , Huber Alice
Published: November 2016

This study examines risk and protective factors associated with experiencing homelessness in the year after “aging out” of foster care. Using a state‐level integrated administrative database, we identified 1,202 emerging adults in Washington State who exited foster care between July 2010 and June 2012. Initial bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the association between candidate predictive factors and an indicator of homelessness in a 12‐month follow‐up period. After deploying a stepwise regression process, the final logistic regression model included 15 predictive factors. Youth who were parents, who had recently experienced housing instability, or who were African American had approximately twice the odds of experiencing homelessness in the year after exiting foster care. In addition, youth who had experienced disrupted adoptions, had multiple foster care placements (especially in congregate care settings), or had been involved with the juvenile justice system were more likely to become homeless. In contrast, youth were less likely to experience homelessness if they had ever been placed with a relative while in foster care or had a high cumulative grade point average relative to their peers.
Right‐sided Bochdalek hernia in an elderly patient: a case review of adult Bochdalek hernias from 1982 to 2015 in Japan
Authors: Ohtsuka Yasuhiro , Suzuki Tiberiu H.
Published: November 2016

Case

An 89‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea following abdominal pain and vomiting. According to chest computed tomography findings, a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure due to right‐sided Bochdalek hernia was made.

Outcome

Emergency laparotomy revealed that a bowel loop from the terminal ileum to the transverse colon had herniated into the right thoracic cavity through the foramen of Bochdalek. The herniated organs were reduced to the abdominal cavity and the foramen was repaired by direct suturing. The patient had good recovery and was discharged 78 days later.

Conclusion

Bochdalek hernias in elderly patients are rare, but may be complicated by strangulation of the herniated organ. This should be taken into account by acute care physicians. To prevent this fatal complication, regardless of symptoms, surgical treatment may be essential as soon as a diagnosis of adult Bochdalek hernia is made.
Synthese und Reaktivität von Verbindungen mit elektronenpräzisen B‐B‐Einfach‐ und B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Braunschweig Holger , Stennett Tom E.
Published: November 2016

In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Chemie niedermolekularer Verbindungen mit elektronenpräzisen Bor‐Bor‐Bindungen große Fortschritte gemacht. Dieser Aufsatz bietet eine Übersicht über die neuesten Methoden zur kontrollierten Synthese von B‐B‐Einfach‐ und B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen sowie über den immer größer werdenden Reaktivitätsumfang von B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen.
Metal‐Free meta‐Selective Alkyne Oxyarylation with Pyridine N‐Oxides: Rapid Assembly of Metyrapone Analogues
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Ruider Stefan A. , Hartmann Rolf W. , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: November 2016

An efficient metal‐free oxyarylation of electron‐poor alkynes with pyridine N‐oxides has been developed. This transformation affords meta‐substituted pyridines analogous to the drug metyrapone in high regioselectivities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided important insight into the mechanism. Evaluation of the inhibitory properties revealed the most active CYP11B1 inhibitor of these derivatives, with two‐digit nanomolar inhibitory activity akin to that of metyrapone.
Probing the viscoelastic moduli of thin, soft films with a quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Tang Xuefeng , Fang Jiajie , Du Xianbin , Zhu Da‐Ming
Published: November 2016

Coating biomaterials with thin, soft films can alter properties, such as the biocompatibility of the materials, whereas it remains a great challenge to probe the properties of such films. In this article, we show a method that allows for the determination of the viscoelastic moduli of thin, soft films deposited on the surface of a quartz crystal through the measurement of resonance frequency shifts and the broadening of the acoustic resonance of the crystal as a resonator. The method is based on transcendental equations, which describe the mechanical response of the quartz resonator with the deposited films. It differs from the currently widely used ones, which use a thin film approximation numerically through the solution of transcendental equations to determine the viscoelasticity of the films. We estimated the glass‐transition temperature of a thin poly(vinyl butyral) film by measuring the change in the viscoelastic moduli of the film with increasing temperature, and the results agree well with the temperature obtained from other techniques. The method was not constrained to the range of the elastic moduli of the film, except where the acoustic film resonance occurred, and thus, could be applied to the study of a wide variety of thin, soft layers under different conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44532.
Graphene oxide functionalized by poly(ionic liquid)s for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Huang Lei , Jin Yufen , Sun Li , Chen Feng , Fan Ping , Zhong Mingqiang , Yang Jintao
Published: November 2016

Poly(ionic liquid)s have been demonstrated as high efficient CO2 absorbents. In the current study, a kind of poly(ionic liquid)s, Poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ethyl] trimethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (P[MATMA][BF4]) was used to functionalize graphene oxide (GO). The hybrid in which P[MATMA][BF4] was covalently bonded on GO platelets was prepared by a simple method, that is, traditional radical polymerization. The characterizations based on transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated the graft of P[MATMA][BF4] on GO. N2 adsorption measurements indicated that P[MATMA][BF4] also greatly increased the specific surface area of GO. Due to the higher specific surface area and the CO2 affinity of P[MATMA][BF4], the GO‐P[MATMA][BF4] hybrid exhibited a much higher CO2 adsorption capacity compared with GO, GO‐NH2, and P[MATMA][BF4]. Their study showed that the combinations of poly(ionic liquid)s and GO could be promising CO2 absorbents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44592.