bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As ferramentas do ecodesign como suporte à engenharia da qualidade de fornecedores automotivos: um estudo bibliográfico
Authors: Silva Edson da , Laktim Mariana Costa , Engler Rita de Castro
Published: April 2021

A integração das questões ambientais ao desenvolvimento de produtos surgiu com o termo ecodesign, cujo objetivo é minimizar os impactos ambientais durante o seu ciclo de vida. Mas, a realidade das empresas compradoras do ramo automotivo, tem demonstrado que a Engenharia da Qualidade de Fornecedores (EQF) não aborda o tema durante o desenvolvimento de novos produtos (DNP) com a cadeia de suprimentos. Assim, este artigo apresenta algumas ferramentas de ecodesign adequadas para suportar os fornecedores e os profissionais da engenharia da qualidade de fornecedores em suas atividades, bem como cria um referencial que permite uma visão global, por meio de estudos de diversos autores sobre as melhores práticas utilizadas por empresas de classe mundial. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica que considerou periódicos, artigos científicos e técnicos, revistas técnicas, livros e várias bases de dados, tais como: portal de periódicos da Capes, banco de teses e dissertações. A pesquisa apresentou onze ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de produtos e processos em empresas automotivas, conforme nossa realidade. Concluiu-se que, se devidamente selecionadas e utilizadas no DNP, as ferramentas de ecodesign auxiliam na redução de impactos ambientais dos produtos manufaturados pelos fornecedores, contribuindo com a sustentabilidade de toda a cadeia automotiva.
Clinical and psychological aspects of insomnia associated with COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alekhin A. N. , Leonenko N. O. , Kemstach V. V.
Published: April 2021

Background. In addition to clinical, epidemiological, and political aspects, the pandemic situation has a clinical and psychological aspect, as long as the measures taken to counteract infection inevitably cause unusual living conditions for a large number of people. Stress experience is accompanied by changes in autonomic regulation and, as a result, a number of somatic shifts. Stress markers include sleep disorders, changes in appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, chest pain, dyspnea, body pain, dizziness, numbness, fluctuations in blood pressure, sleep disorders, panic attacks, depressive and suicidal tendencies.

Objective. We suggested that resilience is the predictor of successful resolution of existential crisis from the point of view of maintaining mental and somatic health, as well as gaining experience of deep self-improvement, strengthening of personality and potential for coping with life difficulties. Resilience includes coping at all levels of functioning — physical, psychological, social and existential. The latter defines the perception of reality itself as a challenge of complexity that requires coping, and regulates resilience at all other levels. The indicator of sleep quality was used as an empirical criterion to evaluate coping with stress. It is both an indicator and an antistress resource for physical functioning. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that psychological content of resilience differs in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with no sleep disturbances during pandemic period.

Design and methods. To evaluate this hypothesis during the period of self-isolation in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020), an empirical study was carried out on a randomized sample of 93 subjects using clinical and psychological scales.

Results. This research resulted in the identification of differences in psychological content of resilience which reflect clinical and psychological characteristics in subjects with moderate severity insomnia and with normal sleep during the pandemic. The psychological content of resilience in respondents without sleep disturbances during the pandemic can be considered as complex and mature mechanisms of personality self regulation that allow of maintaining mental and somatic health, efficiency, ability to develop. Identified features can be used as psychotherapeutic targets in patients at different stages of exposure to stress factors.
Introduction – Building Back a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19
Authors: Taylor Peter , McCarthy Mary
Published: April 2021

The current global pandemic of Covid-19 is a health and broader crisis of overwhelming proportions, threatening livelihoods, economies, and societies, particularly those already experiencing the greatest vulnerabilities. In putting the lives of millions of people at risk, creating uncertainties, heightening existing fragilities, and exacerbating inequalities, it has become a truly global challenge. Crisis also brings opportunity, however, and in addition to short- and mid-term responses, this is a time to explore and work towards a genuine transformation of ideas, policies, programmes, and practices. This may all be encapsulated in the overall notion of ‘building back a better world’. Against this backdrop, this article introduces this IDS Bulletin issue which asks, fundamentally, how we can collectively and equitably shape – and even transform – our shared future, in the light of experience of Covid-19, and what steps are necessary for us to do so. It draws upon strategic approaches guiding the efforts of two highly engaged organisations: Irish Aid, Ireland; and the Institute of Development Studies, UK. This editorial introduction explores lessons learned from the impact of Covid-19 by highlighting some key viewpoints and evidence provided in the articles that follow. It then offers a number of priority areas for action looking forward, as well as several principles that may help to guide those future actions in efforts to build back a better world.
Building Forward Better: Inclusive Livelihood Support in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements
Authors: Kimani Joseph , Steege Rosie , Makau Jack , Nyambuga Kilion , Wairutu Jane , Tolhurst Rachel
Published: April 2021

For the large population living in Nairobi’s informal settlements, the long-term effects of Covid-19 pose a threat to livelihoods, health, and wellbeing. For those working in the informal sector, who are the lifeblood of the city, livelihoods have been severely supressed by Covid-19 restrictions such as curfews, pushing many into further poverty. This article draws on community data, meetings, and authors’ observations as community organisers, to explore the challenges posed by existing government responses from a community development perspective. We found that poor accountability structures and targeted income support only for the ‘most vulnerable’ exacerbates tensions, mistrust, and insecurity among already vulnerable communities. We draw on a rapid desk review of existing literature to argue that community-led enumeration to validate entitlement claims, improved accountability for distribution, and widening income support is required to build solidarity and improve the future resilience of these communities.
Social Protection, Covid-19, and Building Back Better
Authors: Lind Jeremy , Roelen Keetie , Sabates-Wheeler Rachel
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought sweeping changes for economies and societies, with the most devastating consequences for individuals and groups with pre-existing vulnerabilities. As attention shifts from addressing urgent humanitarian needs to long-term response, it is time to think about the role of social protection as part of a longer-term solution to living with Covid-19, as well as supporting efforts to build back better. This article considers how social protection can offer support and be supported in short‑, medium-, and long-term responses, under different scenarios for how the pandemic might unfold. Based on a secondary literature review, we argue that planning must anticipate the possibility of an enduring pandemic and that the expansion of social protection should not be limited to a short-term response. Rather, Covid-19 presents a necessity and opportunity to establish firm foundations for more comprehensive social protection systems for years to come, including leveraging greater domestic expenditure and international assistance.
Potenciales mecanismos de neuroinvasión del SARS-CoV-2: una revisión de la literatura actual.
Authors: Alarco Rafael , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: April 2021

Desde su inicio, en diciembre del 2019, la pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), ha infectado a más de 116 millones de personas. A las bien documentadas manifestaciones respiratorias causadas por el SARS-CoV-2, se está añadiendo un creciente número de manifestaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas entre los pacientes afectados y sobrevivientes. En este artículo se revisan y describen los potenciales mecanismos de invasión del virus al sistema nervioso. Sobre la base de estudios precedentes en coronavirus similares (MERS-CoV y SARS-CoV) y la evidencia actual, se plantea que las posibles rutas de neuroinvasión que emplea el SARS-CoV-2 son la transneuronal (vía axonal retrógrada, a través de los nervios periféricos), la hematógena/linfática (libre a través de la sangre y linfa o en el interior de las células inmunes) y la digestiva (mediante disrupción de la barrera intestinal). Si bien es necesario conducir más investigaciones en varias áreas, dilucidar las rutas de neuroinvasión, así como las capacidades neurotrópicas del virus, son puntos de vital importancia para entender y tratar las múltiples manifestaciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas, así como las potenciales secuelas a largo plazo que los pacientes infectados puedan desarrollar.
Papuan Nationalism Within The Framework of Indonesian Nationalism
Authors: Soetjipto Ani Widyani , Yunazwardi Muhammad Iqbal
Published: April 2021

Kekerasan, diskriminasi, dan rasisme masih menjadi isu besar yang dihadapi masyarakat Papua sejak Indonesia merdeka dan bergabungnya Papua ke dalam wilayah Indonesia. Analisis fenomena ini dapat ditarik ke berbagai macam aspek. Salah satu aspek penting yang menentukan eksistensi sebuah negara adalah aspek nasionalisme. Dalam kerangka negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa eksistensi nasionalisme Papua tetap hadir dan hidup, sekalipun nasionalisme Indonesia tetap menjadi bagian penting dalam menjaga pilar berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia. Tulisan ini berusaha mendiskusikan kembali bagaimana posisi nasionalisme Indonesia terhadap masyarakat Papua dan sebaliknya. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah, apakah identitas bangsa Papua merupakan bagian dari identitas kebangsaan Indonesia? atau kepapuaan justru bagian yang terpisah dari nasionalisme Indonesia? Dengan menggunakan pisau analisis nasionalisme dari Indonesianis Benedict Anderson, artikel ini membahas bagaimana diskursus nasionalisme yang berkembang mampu menjawab tantangan nasionalisme ganda yang terjadi di Indonesia dalam isu Papua. Upaya ini juga akan mempertegas pertanyaan penting dalam penelitian ini, yaitu bagaimanakah membangun ide Papua dalam kerangka nasionalisme Indonesia.Kata-kata kunci: Nasionalisme Indonesia, Nasionalisme Papua, Benedict Anderson, Nasionalisme, identitasViolence, discrimination and racism have remained to be major issues faced by Papuans ever since the independence of Indonesia and the inclusion of Papua in Indonesia’s territory until today. This phenomenon can be seen through various aspects. One of those is the determinant aspect of a country’s existence: nationalism. Within the framework of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, the existence of Papuan nationalism is undeniably still present and alive, even though Indonesian nationalism is the central one in maintaining the pillars of the Indonesian nation and state. This article discusses how Indonesian nationalism positions Papuan people, and vice versa. Furthermore, this article questions whether the Papuan identity is a part of Indonesia’s. The discussion of this article focuses on the developing nationalism discourse, in the hope to overcome the ‘double-nationalism’ in Indonesia when it comes to Papua’s issue, by using Benedict Anderson’s concept of nationalism. Finally, this article addresses a crucial question, which is how to develop the Papuan idea within the framework of Indonesian nationalism.Keywords: Indonesian Nationalism, Papuan Nationalism, Benedict Anderson, Nationalism, identity
A review on the prevailing gaps in women’s sexual and reproductive health rights in Tanzania’s National Health Policy 2017
Authors: Massay Emmanuel Michael
Published: April 2021

Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are linked to numerous human rights; health, education, freedom from torture, protection from all forms of discrimination, and right of privacy. SRHR refers to a set of rights that every human being is entitled to, regardless of culture, race, religion, ethnicity, or disability. Women’s sexual and reproductive health rights have been taken for granted, especially in Tanzania’s health policies. However, Tanzania has several National Policies and Laws that affect women and men differently and in certain areas, they even contradict other existing laws. The prolonged poor SRHR shows the urgency of the reformation of the policies and laws. The analysis was carried out qualitatively through a reflection focused on the policy and other legal materials concerned. The study revealed that the policy does not cater enough for women’s SRHR. This study concludes that the policies are outdated and have a lot of loopholes. This has led the sexual and reproductive health system in Tanzania astray. The study concludes that the TNHP 2017 has to be reviewed and revised in order to meet the women’s SRHR and also to align it with some of the international policies and targets concerning sexual and reproductive health.
POLYMORPHISM VITAMIN D RECEPTOR GENE (VDR) BSMI (RS1544410) CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS PATIENT IN JAVANESE BANYUMAS ETHNIC
Authors: Purnama Ryana Budi , Logamarta Setiadi Warata , Dhartono Agung
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of periodontal tissue, can occur due to microorganisms as a local factor and genetic as a systemic factor. Genetic factors that cause chronic periodontitis, namely mutations in the form of a gene that functions to regulate calcium homeostasis, which is called the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Mutated VDR gene causing different effect in a population and ethnic groups, including Javanese Banyumas Ethnic. Purpose: To understand the genotype distribution and VDR BsmI (rs1544410) gene allotype frequency chronic periodontitis patient in Javanese Banyumas Ethnic.  Method: The research was descriptive research in the form of a cross-sectional study of 26 chronic periodontitis patients in the Javanese Banyumas tribe. The samples obtained were carried out by the process of DNA isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and data in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) Court Lab analysis. Result: Whole samples from DNA isolation amplificated with one ribbon 524 bp VDR gene. RFLP restriction enzyme Bsml process is also showing cutting in each sample. From data analysis, X2 is 0,44 with p=0,50 (p>0,05) resulted. It was showing mutant VDR gene allele frequency in chronic periodontitis patients in Javanese Banyumas ethnic were balanced genetically. Conclusion: Genotype distribution in chronic periodontitis patient in Javanese Banyumas ethnic were 20 (76,9%) GG (bb) genotype, 6 (23,1%) GA (Bb) genotype, and 0 (0%) AA (BB) genotype with alel G (b) (wild type) allele frequency 0,88 (88%) and A allele (B or mutant) 0,12 (12%).
ADDITION OF RICE HUSK NANOCELLULOSE TO THE IMPACT STRENGTH OF RESIN BASE HEAT CURED
Authors: Hasran Muhammad Aditya Ramadhan , Imam Dian Noviyanti Agus , Sunendar Bambang
Published: April 2021

Background: One of the materials for denture bases is heat-cured acrylic resin (PMMA). This material still lacks impact strength as a mechanical strength property. The addition of reinforcing material is known to increase the mechanical strength of PMMA. One of the reinforcing materials added to PMMA is nano cellulose from rice husks, one of the wastes from agricultural products. Purpose: This study aims to determine rice husk nano cellulose's addition to the PMMA denture base's impact strength. Method:  The research sample consisted of six groups, each group consisting of 8 samples selected by simple random. The PI, P2, P3, P4, P5, and K groups were PMMA with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% nano cellulose, and without nano cellulose. Result: Mean impact strength test results were 41.50 x 10-3 ± 3.891 J / mm2 for P1, 44.13 x 10-3 ± 3,980 J / mm2 for P2, 45.63 x 10-3 ± 4,438 J / mm2 for P3, 46.87 x 10-3 ± 4,824 J / mm2 for P4, 49.12 x 10-3 ± 4.016 J / mm2 for P5 and 36.25 x 10-3 ± 1.982 J / mm2 for K. One way Anova test results with p-value of 0.000 indicates differences in the six groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that the impact strength value of PMMA with the addition of rice husk nano cellulose has increased compared to the control group without the addition of rice husk nano cellulose.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CROSS INFECTION AT DENTAL LABORATORIES IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE OF INDONESIA
Authors: Inayati Eny , Indiani Sri Redjeki , Gofur Nanda Rachmad Putra
Published: April 2021

Background: infectious disease is one major important health issue. Dental technician is an occupation which has a risk to get infectious disease transmitted from saliva, blood or contaminated tools if universal precaution utensils did not use properly. Infection can be transferred through dental impression from surface contact, handpiece, burs, pumice, aerosol etc. Purpose: This study aim to find out desinfection implementation in dental laboratories located in East Java as a preventive and controlling action towards cross infection. Method: Data were obtained through questionnaire, the questionnaires were designed to get the information related to infection control from dental laboratories in East Java. The survey was conducted in 36 dental laboratories listed by Association of Dental Technician in East Java. Result: As much as 90% dental laboratories did not performed desinfection procedure to the dental impression received from dentist and never follow any desinfection training. AS much as 95% Dental laboratories believe universal precaution utensils can be infected but only 50% utilize universal precaution utensils. Eventhough if such infection occurs, the owner will be fully responsible. Conclusion: Prevention and management towards cross infection control in dental laboratories located in East Java still very low. Development and supervision towards dental laboratories operational by Indonesian government  and professional association need to be improved. Education regarding infection control need to be performed through trainings and inserted infection control matters in dental technician study programme curriculum in Indonesia.
Diseño y elaboración de producto editorial para aprovechar y generar una menor cantidad de residuos orgánicos en hogares de Lima Metropolitana
Authors:   , Linares Hugar Iván Alexander
Published: April 2021

La acumulación de desperdicios orgánicos en zonas urbanas es un problema de carácter mundial que genera un impacto directo en el medio ambiente, economía, salud pública y sociedad en general, persistiendo a pesar de la toma de conciencia y accionar por parte de la población y los gobiernos locales. En Lima Metropolitana, la acumulación de desperdicios orgánicos afecta a varios distritos, que en conjunto cuentan con 1585 vertederos informales, siendo La Victoria uno de los más afectados. Esto debido a la desobediencia de los involucrados con respecto a las normas de gestión de residuos sólidos y la ignorancia sobre sus consecuencias. Esta clase de desperdicio genera mayor contaminación durante su descomposición, apareciendo bacterias y diversos agentes vectores que transportan enfermedades, siendo las enfermedades digestivas las más comunes, analizándose en esta investigación, la bacteria Salmonella Typhi y el virus Rotavirus. Es por esta razón que se diseña el proyecto Provecho!, dirigido al público entre 35 a 50 años de Lima Metropolitana, en especial de la zona mencionada, el cual consta del desarrollo de un libro de recetas de cocina para aprovechar al máximo los alimentos, con usos adicionales para residuos y una sección de creación de compost, con el objetivo de reducir la cantidad de materia orgánica desperdiciada en los hogares de Lima Metropolitana. Este proyecto permitirá que el público objetivo se vea motivado a disminuir sus residuos y, por consiguiente, evitar que se acumulen en mayor medida en las calles.
Pengendalian Penyakit Diplodia Pada Tanaman Jeruk Dengan Bubur California dan Campuran Antara Insektisida, Fungisida & Zat Pengatur Tumbuh
Authors: Anggraini Tiara , Salamiah Salamiah , Zairin Zairin
Published: April 2021

Citrus plants (Citrus sp.) Currently experiencing major problems with the presence of diplodiadisease both wet and dry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Californiaporridge and mixture of Microthiol, Primavit, Sidametrin and Ridomil against diplodia skindisease in Siam Banjar orange plant in Batola district. This research was conductedexperimentally using Completely Randomized Design. Based on the results obtained bycontrolling diplodia disease with no treatment (control), california slurry, and the mixturebetween pesticides and growth regulators did not have a significant difference. The largestaverage yield reduction was on the california slurry treatment of 3.15 cm2, followed by thesecond largest reduction area by a mixture of pesticides and growth regulators by 2.49 cm2 andthe widest reduction area of attack by no pesticied (control) of 1.39 cm2
Volatiles Play an Important Role in the Attractiveness of Food for Trapping the Stored Grain Pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)
Authors: Sabier Maidinai , Wang Jirui , Wang Xia , Jin Jiande , Wang Zhunjing , Liao Zhihong , Shen Bo , Lu Jin , Deng Jianyu , Liu Xingquan , Zhou Guoxin
Published: April 2021

The Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), is widely distributed all over the world, this beetle causes serious damage to stored products. Much attention has been paid to use food attraction or food volatile as a non-pollution method to achieve pest management. However, in this study, six most attractive food to O. surinamensis were selected among thirty eight food. Furthermore, the food mixture M17 with the best attractiveness were selected among the eighteen food mixtures combined by these six foods at different ratio. Subsequently food mixture M17 were tested in actual barn and compared with commercial attractant. We collected the volatile from food mixture, the volatile compounds attractive to this beetle also. We identified six electrophysio-logically active compounds responsible for the attraction of O. surinamensis, among the six chemically identified compounds, nonanal, dodecane, tridecaneand β-caryophyllene significantly attracted O. surinamensis when tested individually in behavioral assays. Blend of six chemicals according to food volatile concentration was most attractive to the beetles. The findings of this study reveal that food mixture M17 and food volatile can be potentially used for development of effective attractants for management of O. surinamensis.
Analysis of smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change and variability in south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia: An agro-ecological system-based approach
Authors: Mohammed Yimer , Tesfaye Kindie , Tadesse Menfese , Yimer Fantaw
Published: April 2021

Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural production and thereby smallholder farmers livelihoods. The level of vulnerability varied across agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Identification of difference in the level of vulnerability of a system is important in selecting appropriate and effective adaption options to climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change and variability at micro-scale level in five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected from a representative of 502 sample households from five AEZs through multi stage random sampling methods. Focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also carried out to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. The indicator based approach was used to empirically calculate vulnerability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to give weight for indicators and generate index of vulnerability contributing factors. Results: The results showed that each of the vulnerability contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) varied across the AEZs. M3, SM2 and SM3 are the most exposed AEZs but having a relatively better adaptive capacity whereas M1, M2 and M3 are the most sensitive AEZs with relatively low adaptive capacity to climate variability and change. Overall, SM2 is the most vulnerable AEZ which exhibited high sensitivity and low adaptive capacity followed by M1. Conclusions: The study explored sources and levels of vulnerability to each agro-ecology. Since the study is conducted at micro-scale level, it helps decision makers and development partners to have context-specific understanding of the impact of climate change and variability and design appropriate adaptation measures to address the specific situations.
Genetic Effects on Longitudinal Cognitive Decline During the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kumar Atul , Shoai Maryam , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Hardy John , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar
Published: April 2021

Background

Cognitive decline in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may depend on genetic variability.
Methods

In the Swedish BioFINDER study, we used polygenic scores (PGS) (for AD, intelligence and educational attainment), and genetic variants (in a genome-wide association study [GWAS]) to predict longitudinal cognitive change (measured by MMSE) over a mean of 4.2 years. We included 555 β-amyloid (Aβ) negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, 206 Aβ-positive CU (preclinical AD), 110 Aβ-negative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 146 Aβ-positive MCI patients (prodromal AD).
Results

Polygenic scores for AD (in Aβ-positive individuals) and intelligence (independent of Aβ-status) were associated with cognitive decline. Eight genes were associated with cognitive decline in GWAS (3 independent of Aβ-status).
Conclusions

AD risk genes may influence cognitive decline in early AD, while genes related to intelligence may modulate cognitive decline irrespective of disease. Therapies targeting the implicated biological pathways may modulate the clinical course of AD.
On the Determination of Groundwater Level using Temporal and Spatial Parameters: Advanced Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Najafabadipour Amirhossein , Kamali Gholamreza , Nezamabadi-pour Hossein
Published: April 2021

Prediction of groundwater level is a useful tool for managing groundwater resources in the mining area. Water resources management requires identifying potential periods for groundwater drainage to prevent groundwater from entering the mine pit and reduce high costs. For this purpose, four multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models and four cascade forward (CF) neural network models optimized with Bayesian Regularization (BR), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Resilient Backpropagation (RB), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), as well as a radial basis function (RBF) neural network model and a generalized regression (GR) neural network model were developed to predict groundwater level using 1377 data point. This data set includes 12 spatial parameters divided into two categories of sediments and bedrock, and besides, 6 time series parameters have been used. Also, to determine the best models and combine them, 165 extra validation data points have been used. After identifying the best models from the three candidate models with lower average absolute relative error (AARE) value, the committee machine intelligence system (CMIS) model has been developed. The proposed CMIS model predicts groundwater level data with high accuracy with an AARE value of less than 0.11%. Also, the proposed model was compared with ten other models through graphical and statistical error analysis. The results show that the developed CMIS model performs better than other existing models in terms of precision and validity range. The relevancy factor indicates that the electrical resistivity of sediments had the highest effect on the groundwater level. Eventually, the quality of the data used was investigated both statistically and graphically, and the results show satisfactory reliability of the data used.
Geometric Accuracy and Mechanical Behavior of Polymer-Based Composite Curved Tubes produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Authors: Boumedine Asma , Benfriha Khaled , Ahmadifar Mohammad , Lecheb Samir , SHIRINBAYAN Mohammadali , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: April 2021

The present study aims to assess and characterize the effect of processing parameters including infill pattern and reinforcement type on the dimensional accuracy of products manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process as well as on the mechanical properties of the printed components. The reinforcements used were carbon, Kevlar and glass fibers supplied by MarkForged®; they were utilized to manufacture the PA6 matrix composite. The mechanical properties of the stated composites were compared. Finally, the results obtained confirmed that the selection of the appropriate type of the reinforcements and infill patterns among the several available types during the printing process is effective in improving the mechanical properties and also in providing a better geometrical quality of the surfaces and the consequent dimensional precision improvement of the parts printed by FFF process.
Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on endOthelial function in eLDerly with sleep apnea (HOLD): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Silva Letícia Maria Tedesco , Cortes Antonio , Rossi Beatriz , Boll Liliana , Waclawovsky Gustavo , Eibel Bruna , Goncalves Sandro , Irigoyen Maria Claudia , Martinez Denis
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Sleep apnea and coronary artery disease are prevalent and relevant diseases. The mechanism by which sleep apnea leads to coronary artery disease remains unclear. Intermittent hypoxia, caused by sleep apnea, leads to inflammation and consequent endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of atherosclerotic disease and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Agents that potentially act to improve endothelial function can help prevent cardiovascular events. Patients using immunomodulators due to rheumatic diseases have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the potential cardio protective effect of these drugs in patients without autoimmune diseases is not clear. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunomodulator used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, HCQ reduces cholesterol and blood glucose levels and has antithrombotic effects. The drug is inexpensive and widely available. Adverse effects of HCQ are rare and occur more frequently with high doses.OBJECTIVE: In this randomized clinical trial, the effect of HCQ treatment on endothelial function will be tested in seniors with sleep apnea.METHODS: We will recruit participants over the age of 65 and with moderate-severe sleep apnea from an ongoing cohort. We chose to use this sample already evaluated for sleep apnea for reasons of convenience, but also because the elderly with sleep apnea are vulnerable to heart disease. Endothelial function will be assessed by examining flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, the gold standard method, considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in the general population and by peripheral arterial tonometry, the most recent and most easily obtained method. Hydroxychloroquine will be used at a dose of 400 mg/daily for eight weeks.DISCUSSION: Our study aim to obtain evidence, albeit preliminary, of the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in improving endothelial function and reducing cardiovascular risk markers. If the improvement occurs, we plan to design a randomized multicenter clinical trial to confirm the findings.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04161339
Evaluation of Neurological Complications in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study 2020
Authors: Khazaei Mojtaba , Feizy Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman
Published: April 2021

Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading around the world since December 2019. Neurological symptoms have been reported as a part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. This study aimed to determine the frequency of neurological complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: Electronic medical records in the hospital information system, laboratory findings, and radiological examinations were evaluated for all patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cases were referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from February 20, 2020 to the end of the same year.Results: A total of 477 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the analyses. Based on our results, 105 (22.02%) patients showed neurological manifestations. Ischemic stroke, decreased consciousness, and headache were the most frequent reported neurological symptoms with the rate of 34 (7.13%), 28 (5.88%), and13 (2.72%), respectively. Moreover, 54 (51.43%) cases were male, and the vast majority of the patients (66; 62.86%) had more than 60 years of age. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 may involve nervous system and cause brain tissue damage. The findings of this study provide more information on coronavirus disease, contributing to effective interventions for the control of the disease
Enhancement of Waste Foundry Sand Mechanical Properties Through Stabilization Using Slag Based Geopolymer Binder
Authors: Sithole Thandiwe , Mashifana Tebogo , Tsotetsi Nelson
Published: April 2021

It is of paramount importance to minimize carbon emission generated from production of major building and construction materials used worldwide such as bricks and Ordinary Portland cement to achieve sustainability requirements. In this paper, the binding properties of the synthesized granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) geopolymers were assessed by developing eco-friendly waste foundry sand bricks. Four different mix designs were prepared by blending GBFS based geopolymer binder with aggregates (waste foundry sand and crushed stones). The amount of GBFS geopolymer binder was varied from 0 to 40 %. The developed specimens were evaluated for mechanical properties, durability, structural performance, and environmental impact. The specimens synthesised with 40 % GBFS geopolymer binder at a L/ S ratio of 15 % and cured at 80 ℃ achieved the highest UCS of 12 MPa. The results showed that the developed specimens are acid resistant which suggest that they can be used in corrosive environments and do not pose any threat of environmental pollution for long-term use. In conclusion, GBFS-based geopolymers can be used as binders to fabricate building bricks that meet the minimum requirement of ASTM C62-10 that can be used in negligible weathering conditions.
Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land
Authors: Moldovan Mircea Cristian , Ioan Tăut , Marcel Dîrja
Published: April 2021

Background: The naturally present erosion phenomenon has been active throughout the geological eras, shaping the land surface to date. Today, this phenomenon causes significant damage to the environment and human activities.In the geographical conditions of Romania, where the sloping land represents up to 67% of the national territory and supported by a complex number of natural factors, as well as the intense human interventions from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, the vegetation and soils face serious ecological imbalances. The afforestation of degraded lands gained momentum after 1948, and the most used species were pines, especially black pine and Scots pine.Methods: In order to achieve the proposed objectives regarding the evaluation of stands in terms of anti-erosion effectiveness, were analyzed the consistency of trees, the number of trees on the surface, the weight of the seedlings, and surface runoff, from the perspective of rainfall and soil retention.Results: Analyzing the influence of rain intensity, respectively 39% in compartment 49, 38% in 73 and ground retention on surface runoff, being 28% in both compartments, it results that the two parameters directly influence surface runoff. Thus, it can be stated that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the stands, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain and the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention.Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the tree, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain.Also, the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention and by creating areas that reduce the speed of water, favoring infiltration into the soil.
USP8 Status Affects the Immune Landscape of Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Greidinger Dahlia , Mor-Cohen Ronit , Zemet Roni , Maixner Nitzan , Tirosh Amit
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Activating somatic mutations in ubiquitin-specific protease-8 (USP8), encoding a deubiquitinating protein, are found in approximately 30% of corticotroph-derived pituitary adenomas (CPA). USP8 has immunomodulating properties that were demonstrated in non-tumoral diseases. Our study aims to assess the influence of USP8 mutation status on the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) of CPAs.
Methods

We analyzed 20 PCAs by RNA sequencing. In six of them, USP8 mutations were detected. We assessed the immune landscape of tumors by quantifying 22 immune cell types based on the CIBERSORT transcriptome signature-recognition algorithms. Also, we performed a pathway analysis for genes that were differentially expressed between groups using the Wikipathways 2019 and Reactome 2016 databases and using the EnrichR platform results.
Results

CPA with activating USP8 mutations were associated with "cold" iTME compared with wild type USP8 CPA. This "cold" iTME was reflected by lower fractions of B cells, CD4, regulatory and gamma/delta T cells, natural killer cells, M0 and M1 macrophages, dendritic cells and eosinophils (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Pathways altered by the presence of USP8 mutation, based on the most differentially expressed genes (3,061 genes) included Microglia Pathogen Phagocytosis and multiple toll-like receptor signaling pathways (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion

USP8 status affects the immune landscape of corticotroph pituitary adenomas, with USP8 mutation associated with "cold" iTME.
Towards Data Driven Stamping Process Modelling by Optical Inline Monitoring of Cutting Surface Parameters
Authors: Lorenz Maximilian , Menzl Matthias , Donhauser Christian , Layh Michael , Pinzer Bernd R.
Published: April 2021

Stamping is a wide-spread production process, applied when massive amounts of the ever-same cheap parts are needed. For this reason, a highly efficient process is crucial. The cutting process is sensitive to a multitude of parameters. A process that is not correctly adjusted is subject to considerable wear and therefore not efficient. Unfortunately, the precise dependencies are often unknown. A prerequisite for optimal, reproducible and transparent process alignment is the knowledge of how exactly parameters influence the quality of a cutting part, which in turn requires a quantitative description of the quality of a part. A data driven approach allows to meet this challenge and quantify these influences. We developed an optical inline monitoring system, which consists of a image capturing, triangulation and image processing, that is capable of deriving quality metrics from 2D images and triangulation data of the cutting surface, directly inside the machine and without affecting the process. We identify features that can be automatically turned into quality metrics, like fraction of the burnish surface or the cut surface inclination. As an application, we show that the status of tool wear can be inferred by monitoring the burnish surface, with immediate consequences for predictive maintenance. Furthermore, we conclude that connecting machine and process parameters with quality metrics in real time for every single part enables data driven process modelling and ultimately the implementation of intelligent stamping machines.
Preoperative ALBI grade predicts the outcomes in non-B non-C HCC patients undergoing primary curative resection
Authors: Tsai Yu-Chieh , Sou Fai-Meng , Liu Yueh-Wei , Yong Chee-Chien , Huang Pao-Yuan , Cho Wei-Ru , Hu Tsung-Hui , Tsai Ming-Chao , Wu Yi-Ju , Chen Ding-Wei , Chuang Ching-Hui , Hsiao Chang-Chun
Published: April 2021

Background The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been validated as a significant predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is little information about the ALBI grade in patients with non-B non-C HCC (NBNC-HCC) receiving surgery. Aim This study aimed to evaluate ALBI grade as a prognostic factor in patients with NBNC-HCC after primary curative resection. Method This retrospective study enrolled 2137 HCC patients, who received HCC resection between January 2001 and April 2016 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. With exclusion criteria of patients who had chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C, and prior HCC treatment before resection and received liver transplantation and BCLC stage B or C, finally we enrolled 168 NBNC-HCC patients who received primary curative resection. ALBI score used for grading as well as clinic opathologic features was analyzed, the formula of ALBI score was log10 [albumin (mg/dL) x 17.1] x 0.66 – albumin (g/dL) x 0.85. Result There were 66 (39.3%), 98 (58.3%), and 4 (2.4%) patients who were stratified into ALBI grade I, II, and III, respectively. Patients with ALBI grade II/III had older age (p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia (p <0.001), and Child Pugh B (p = 0.009), they also had poor overall survival compared with those with ALBI grade I (p = 0.003). The patients without liver cirrhosis had better survival rate in ALBI grade 1 group (P = 4 0.012). In multivariate analysis, tumor number (p = 0.001) and tumor stages (pTNM stages) (p = 0.007) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. In predictors for mortality, AFP (p = 0.004), ALBI grade (p = 0.004), tumor number (P=0.003) and tumor stages (pTNM stages) (p <0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Preoperative ALBI grade can be used to predict the mortality in patients with NBNC-HCC after primary curative resection.
A comparative note on the ethnomedicinal plants used by the Kattunaikka and Paniya tribes of Nilambur forest, Malappuram district, Kerala, (India)
Authors: M CHITHRA , Pillai Geetha S
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted to explore the indigenous knowledge of the Kattunaikka and Paniya tribes of Nilambur forest, Malappuram District, Kerala, India and to highlight the uses of the diverse flora. Ethnobotanical inventory of an area contain raw data, abundant of idea and application of knowledge of certain people and it is an important area that deserves serious attention. This study aims to record the traditional knowledge of the tribal inhabitants Kattunaikka and Paniya of Malappuram district, Kerala state, India.MethodsData were collected through questionnaire survey, interviews with key informants (knowledgeable elders, religious leaders and other individuals), and field observations. Interviews and discussions were conducted in Malayalam (the local language) using a checklist of topics. The collected specimens were cross-checked for their local names with the help of key informants and development agents. The specimens are preserved in the CMPR Herbarium. Medicinally important parts of some plants were collected and preserved in Formalin Acetic Acid (FAA) solution for further reference. Each species were checked for its Ayurvedic uses with the help of available literature like Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and other books [13] and similarity and dissimilarity in uses were analysed.ResultsThis paper provides information about 79 medicinal plant species used by the two tribes to manage 38 ailments / conditions, either as single plant remedies or in combination. Of the 79 species recorded, 64 species (81%) were found to be used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine and 65% for similar conditions. One point of interest is that there was not even a single species commonly used by the two tribes as single plant remedy for a similar condition or ailment.ConclusionThe indigenous knowledge of these tribal traditional healers has been disappearing due to lack of followers for this valuable knowledge, as well as their migration to places outside of the forest. Use of plants among the two tribes reflects their interest in ethno-medicine and further investigation on under-explored species may lead to the discovery of novel pharmaceutical products.