bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Médée d’Euripide
Authors: Reed-Duvaille Brigitte , Rigas Nikolaos
Published: May 2024

À la différence des autres poètes tragiques, Euripide expose les états intérieurs successifs faisant l’objet de notre analyse, traversés par Médée personnage principal et titre de sa tragédie. L’antagonisme du maternel et du féminin domine le drame. Médée, trompée et trahie par Jason amant et père de ses enfants, sombre d’abord dans une souffrance extrême, indicible, d’ordre mélancolique. Elle s’en extrait dans un second temps grâce à l’émergence de la haine éprouvée à l’égard de sa rivale Créuse. Médée exprime des revendications phalliques aux accents féministes et va concevoir une stratégie vengeresse. Traversée par des courants psychiques d’amour et de haine, elle ne parvient pas à élaborer son ambivalence. L’élimination de sa rivale Créuse n’assouvit pas comme attendu sa haine envers Jason. Cette hémorragie narcissique inextinguible laisse supposer que la perte de Jason est celle d’un objet maternel primaire, submergeant celle d’un objet œdipien. In fine, l’acte infanticide de Médée, le meurtre de ses deux fils, signe une désintrication pulsionnelle, œuvre de la pulsion de mort.
L’architecte et le banquier, une esthétique du temps
Authors: Potié Philippe
Published: May 2024

L’architecte est apparu à Florence au xv e  siècle, dans la ville du capitalisme naissant que domine la banque des Médicis. Quelle est la nature du lien qui se constitue alors entre l’architecture et la puissance de l’argent ? On abordera cette question en faisant l’hypothèse qu’à la fragmentation temporelle produite par l’accélération propre à la dynamique capitalistique, l’architecture répond par l’unité d’un temps fictionnel. À l’inquiétant morcellement du temps, que décrit notamment Hartmut Rosa dans Aliénation et accélération , l’architecture offrirait la recomposition imaginaire indispensable au déploiement du « projet ». Aux malaises de la civilisation, à la mélancolie, au spleen, à la dépression, que Rosa perçoit comme la conséquence des ruptures de rythme du capitalisme, l’architecture répondrait en dessinant le cadre stable d’une unité de temps archaïque. Culturaliste ou naturaliste, la scène primitive instaurerait un temps psychique unifié et cohérent, stable et inaliénable. Antiquité et modernité, Renaissance ou postmodernité désigneraient l’opération temporelle par laquelle se restaure, en dépit de la « machine à fragmentation » du capitalisme, une unité à travers le théâtre de l’architecture.
Révolution numérique, paternité et propriété intellectuelle
Authors: Picon Antoine
Published: May 2024

Entamée il y a une vingtaine d’années, la révolution numérique n’a pas fait que transformer la pratique du projet. Elle a entraîné une série d’évolutions des structures de la profession d’architecte. La taille des agences a considérablement augmenté dans certains pays, en même temps que se multipliaient les intervenants et les collaborations au sein d’un processus de projet de plus en plus fortement déterminé par les logiciels disponibles et la mise en circulation de modèles numériques. Dans ce contexte, on assiste à une montée en puissance des questions de propriété intellectuelle sur lesquelles on s’interrogera.
De virtute radicali consilii
Authors: Salomon Laurent
Published: May 2024

Deux caractéristiques se dégagent des projets de Topos, la mise en œuvre quasi systématique d’une enceinte autonome et, à l’intérieur de celle-ci, d’un « dedans » matérialisé par un meuble qui se déploie pour assurer la division de l’espace. Cette conception de la relation entre architecture (faite par l’enceinte) et vie quotidienne (organisée par le meuble) est une clé de lecture de l’œuvre de Topos. Cette réduction des questions fonctionnelles à la coexistence d’un métameuble avec une structure architecturale aux finalités indépendantes est une invention que le Mouvement moderne n’a jamais vraiment explorée. Elle procède d’une forme singulière de radicalité projectuelle qui génère un rapport dialectique entre ce que le projet est architecturalement et ce à quoi il sert . Elle vient à l’appui de l’intention initiale de chaque projet dont l’exploration éclaire sur une vision originale du rôle de l’architecture dans le développement d’une culture du lieu.
Les cicatrices de la ville
Authors: Corbo Stefano , Duhamel Muller Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2024

En dix-huit mois, le Liban a été confronté à une série d’événements dramatiques. L’aggravation de la crise économique systémique a fait passer le PIB du pays de 55 milliards de dollars en 2018 à 33 milliards en 2020. L’épidémie de Covid-19 et les terribles explosions au port de Beyrouth en août 2020 ont fait des centaines de victimes et des milliers de blessés, et ont causé des dégâts matériels, qui concernent essentiellement les logements et le patrimoine culturel, estimés à 4 milliards de dollars. De larges zones du front de mer, ainsi que des bâtiments historiques, des hôpitaux, des infrastructures, des entrepôts et le silo à grain principal, ont été sérieusement endommagés. Aujourd’hui, dans le centre-ville, les traces des dégâts causés par ces explosions côtoient d’autres ruines, qui remontent à la guerre civile de 1975-1990, et qui sont tout aussi chargées de connotations politiques et culturelles. À quelques kilomètres du port, en effet, se dresse ce qu’on appelle l’Œuf, une coquille de béton dégradée située à proximité de la place des Martyrs. Conçu en 1965 par l’architecte libanais Joseph Philippe Karam, l’Œuf fait figure de paradigme des problèmes actuels de Beyrouth, mais aussi de ses enjeux et de ses exceptionnelles possibilités. Sa situation nous renseigne sur les relations complexes entre architecture, politique et espace public. Le texte souligne la pertinence de l’Œuf en tant que caisse de résonance de questions plus larges, et décrit son appropriation en tant qu’acte politique. Le choix de l’Œuf comme lieu idéal de débat a cristallisé l’essor de modèles alternatifs de participation, et en même temps a témoigné de la capacité latente de l’architecture à fournir un cadre à l’action. L’Œuf est un amplificateur : ses intérieurs absorbent et réverbèrent l’expression de nouvelles exigences, spatiales et politiques.
De l’énoncé au projet
Authors: Roseau Nathalie
Published: May 2024

Au cours des années 1990, un certain nombre de notions apparaissent pour tenter de conceptualiser les formes territoriales de la ville qui advient en Europe, c’est-à-dire cette constellation continue de nappes urbaines qui s’étend sur des centaines de kilomètres et nous interroge sur la notion de cité et d’habiter. La città diffusa , la ville territoire , la ville émergente , la ville générique , Métapolis , l’ hyperville , la Zwischenstadt  : alors que s’est tenue au Centre Pompidou la grande exposition « La ville, art et architecture », la revue Le Visiteur contribue à ce débat en publiant des textes sur la ville contemporaine de Melvin Webber, André Corboz, Bernardo Secchi, Rem Koolhaas. Partant du principe que le contexte n’est plus celui d’une expansion des villes mais bien d’un « approfondissement » des territoires, les mots de l’urbain se multiplient pour essayer de qualifier ce que les mots anciens ne parviennent plus à saisir. La naissance et la dissémination du vocabulaire de l’urbain doivent être mises en regard de l’apparition, au tournant des années 2000, d’un certain nombre de démarches de projection de grande échelle et de natures diverses, qui posent à leur tour la question des contours de la ville territoire dans laquelle elles s’inscrivent, tout en formulant des propositions d’action. Après les moments d’acmé qui alignent les intérêts, s’affirmeront les divergences qui feront éclater les socles de représentation, mettant au jour les ambivalences, suscitant les controverses, tandis que s’esquisseront des trajectoires plus discrètes. Que nous disent ces décalages et ces frictions des forces qui travaillent l’urbain ? De l’énoncé au projet, selon quelles voies l’action collective peut-elle s’orienter pour définir une écologie de la ville territoire ?
Cybersecurity and Efficacity of Open Data Platforms
Authors: Hyseni Besart , Abazi Bexheti Lejla
Published: May 2024

Cybersecurity is critical for protecting open data. Transparency and innovation are facilitated by open data platforms; however, concerns about cybersecurity and privacy persist. This study examines the role of cybersecurity in public institutions in the Republic of Kosovo to determine methods of safeguarding data integrity. The main aim of this study was to examine the role of cybersecurity in securing open data in public organizations in the Republic of Kosovo. The study aimed to identify optimal cybersecurity practices in the context of open data and provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of cybersecurity measures. This study employed a structured and methodical approach to assess cybersecurity and the effectiveness of open data platforms in public organizations in the Republic of Kosovo. Results: The study provides an overview of the status of open data platforms in the Republic of Kosovo and highlights the importance of cybersecurity, data privacy, and data integrity. Despite the stated concerns, such as enhancing security measures and increasing user knowledge, it is evident that public institutions have made significant progress in securing and enhancing their open data platforms. It is suggested that institutions in the Republic of Kosovo continue to invest in cybersecurity, promote privacy protection measures, and focus on enhancing the quality of open data to develop in this sector. Furthermore, collaboration and coordination across institutions and government agencies are required to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of these platforms.
Enlightening Cases
Authors: Agarwal Sucheta , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Ramadani Veland
Published: May 2024

The aim is to showcase the remarkable achievements of AI-integrated research, illustrating the significant impact of AI has had across various industries and academia. The approach involves gathering case studies and conducting comprehensive analyses, with a specific emphasis on AI-enhanced research initiatives. The findings underscore the value of AI-based methods and tools in guiding research and industry-related tasks. Through the examination of AI-related case studies, academics and business professionals have been able to enhance productivity and organizational performance by effectively implementing AI. The originality of this study lies in its thorough examination of AI's role in research and industries, featuring numerous case examples from diverse disciplines. The integration of AI in industries has become the foundation for case studies and related content/cases used in academia to educate students. This comprehensive approach offers a fresh perspective on the innovation and significance of AI in research and practical applications. By presenting various scenarios, the chapter will explore the societal and practical implications of successful AI-integrated endeavors, emphasizing AI's ability to transform sectors, improve decision-making, and address complex challenges.
A Comparative Analysis of Federated Learning and Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Healthcare AI
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Ajalkar Deepika Amol , Nayak Smitha , Shinde Jayashri Prashant
Published: May 2024

AI might conduct screening and assessment in the event that medical expertise is lacking in a setting with limited resources. Because algorithms are involved, even the most rapid AI decisions are methodical in comparison with human decision-making. In this chapter, the authors provide a thorough literature review on data privacy for healthcare AI system development. In order to facilitate safer translational AI research, they offer a comprehensive review of the privacy issues data owners have when sharing datasets with researchers. They go over the many forms of attacks and how they might jeopardize user privacy. They also go into detail about several possible ways to fix these privacy problems.
A Comparative Analysis of Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Khushi  , Deshmukh Sonia , Vashisht Rohit
Published: May 2024

Escalating unhealthy lifestyles has led to a surge in common health diseases, notably cardiovascular ailments, a leading cause of human mortality with over 17 million annual fatalities. This study focuses on conducting data analytics within the domain of heart disease, which has become a progressively popular predictive field. The expanding availability of data in this area further emphasizes the significance of in-depth analysis for comprehensive insights and informed decision-making. Diverse strategies and methods have been explored by other researchers. Employing algorithms encompassing KNN, decision tree, and random forest, the authors prognosticate patient illnesses. The support vector machine (SVM) demonstrated superior accuracy among all algorithms. This research enhances heart disease prediction through varied algorithms, underscoring SVM's efficacy and data-driven approaches in addressing escalating health concerns.
A Comprehensive Study of Bio-Informatics With Machine Learning
Authors: Vashisht Rohit , Thakral Gagan
Published: May 2024

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines computer science, mathematics, statistics, and engineering to analyze and comprehend biological data. Researchers faced a major issue in describing this new topic in a methodical, scientific manner and drawing attention to its potential uses and capabilities. This chapter will discuss the immense quantity of data generated in the biological area and how bioinformatics can manage, examine, and preserve them, along with a few algorithms that can be applied over bioinformatics data. In many bioinformatics studies and applications, machine learning is applied. This chapter will also provide a clear overview of the field's definition, goals, applications, related technologies, and future directions.
Case Studies in Federated Learning for Healthcare
Authors: Prieto Javier
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of federated learning's real-world applications in healthcare contexts across four diverse regions: China, India, Spain, and the United States. The authors delve into how this innovative approach addresses the critical need for patient data privacy while advancing disease diagnosis, personalized treatment, and healthcare quality. From improving diagnostics through local data utilization in China to enhancing healthcare access in India, the chapter showcases the practical benefits and challenges of implementing federated learning. It also sheds light on collaborative drug development in Spain and navigating stringent data privacy regulations in the United States, emphasizing the global significance of Federated Learning in healthcare AI.
Federated Learning for Private AI Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Authors: Kunal ­ , Sahu Santosh Kumar , Azam Mohammed , Takkar Manuj , Bansal Jatin , Patra Jyoti Prasad
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the realm of federated learning, focusing on its application in the private and accurate artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis of schizophrenia. Leveraging the collaborative power of distributed datasets without compromising individual privacy, the research investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of federated learning models. The study employs advanced AI algorithms for schizophrenia diagnosis, ensuring the confidentiality of patient data. The results demonstrate the potential of federated learning as a secure and efficient approach for enhancing diagnostic capabilities in mental health, specifically in the context of schizophrenia. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to harness cutting-edge technologies for improved mental health diagnostics while prioritizing individual privacy.
Revolutionizing Healthcare Harnessing IoT-Integrated Federated Learning for Early Disease Detection and Patient Privacy Preservation
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Surendar V. , Dheepak N. , Shiraj S. , Praveen K.
Published: May 2024

In an era where healthcare is increasingly reliant on technology, this chapter explores the transformative potential of IoT-integrated federated learning for optimizing healthcare privacy and detection. Leveraging IoT devices, this chapter presents a compelling approach to early disease detection, personalized treatment planning, remote patient monitoring, and clinical trial enhancement. Focusing on the pressing issue of early cancer detection, this chapter demonstrates how wearable and home IoT devices gather health data without compromising patient privacy. Federated learning models, decentralized and secure, process this data to identify health anomalies before symptoms manifest. Despite technical, regulatory, and social challenges, the benefits of heightened privacy, increased efficiency, and reduced healthcare costs drive the integration of IoT and federated learning, marking a profound advancement in the healthcare landscape. This chapter illuminates the path to a data-driven, patient-centric future.
Software Engineering Strategies for Real-Time Personalization in E-Commerce Recommendations
Authors: Jain Kirti , Jain Atishay , Bharadwaj Aditya , Vashisth Ram
Published: May 2024

This chapter addresses the cold start problem, a significant challenge in e-commerce recommendation systems, through an innovative software engineering approach. Focused on personalized user engagement, the system employs a sophisticated collaborative filtering model strategically integrated within a robust software architecture. A key software engineering facet involves differentiating new and existing users using machine learning algorithms that scrutinize individual shopping behaviors. Leveraging collaborative filtering principles, the model intelligently analyzes similar users' purchasing patterns, ensuring a dynamic recommendation engine. The software engineering-driven integration supports accuracy and responsiveness, showcasing the transformative potential of adept software engineering strategies in revolutionizing personalized recommendations for e-commerce platforms.
Application of Machine Learning for Software Engineers
Authors: Rajak Sunil Kumar , Kumari Shabanam , Kumar Mohit , Siddharth Dhirendra
Published: May 2024

Machine learning is becoming increasingly popular in software engineering due of its capabilities. By studying and learning from data using algorithms, software systems may improve their performance and adapt to new conditions without having to explicitly programme. Software engineers may use machine learning to build systems that learn and adapt over time, resulting in more effective and efficient issue solutions. Software engineering uses machine learning in a variety of ways, such as recommendation systems, natural language processing, video and image analysis, and predictive modelling. Machine learning is likely to have a significant impact on how software is built and used across industries as it becomes more widely used. The application of machine learning in software engineering has the potential to transform how software systems are created and utilised. Machine learning allows systems to learn and adapt to changing data and settings, resulting in more efficient and effective solutions to a variety of problems.
Enhancing Spoken Text With Punctuation Prediction Using N-Gram Language Model in Intelligent Technical Text Processing Software
Authors: Rani Shweta , Jain Rhea
Published: May 2024

Communication is a very important practice between two individuals, and for effective communication, the spoken text must be understood by others. Punctuation prediction is utmost essential in spoken text for bridging the language gaps. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature and are also explored. In this work, the authors developed software by studying n- gram model with probability to restore the punctuation in spoken text of technical lectures. In this chapter, the authors compared unigram, bigram, trigram, and quadgram method on varying size of datasets. Findings suggest that trigram model outperform the other for all three datasets and it was also noticed that increasing the gram size more do not have much impact on the performance of the software.
Machine Learning-Based Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Using Logistic Regression
Authors: Kavitha D. , Venkatraman Shyam , CR Karthik , Nair Navtej S
Published: May 2024

Twitter sentiment analysis is crucial for understanding public opinion in the digital age. This project employs logistic regression, a machine learning approach, to identify emotions in tweets from the Sentiment 140 dataset. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) identifies patterns in emotion distribution. Various machine learning algorithms, such as logistic regression, etc., are then used to classify tweets as good, negative, or neutral. Text preprocessing techniques prepare data, but TF-IDF weights words based on their significance. The challenges include capturing the complexities of human emotions while also keeping up with the ever-changing nature of Twitter data. Despite these limitations, data analysis and logistic regression provide important insights into public sentiment, assisting decision-making in a range of businesses. Looking ahead, the study emphasises the need for additional research to strengthen sentiment analysis methodologies. This includes addressing context-dependent emotions, adapting to diverse domains, and considering ethical issues such as partiality.
Comparison of Two Oxytocin Doses for Optimal Uterine Tone During Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Gandhi Soudamini , Dhulkhed Vithal K. , Kanase N. V. , Bawi Taufikin Arslan
Published: May 2024

The optimum oxytocin dosage schedule for caesarean sections depends on uterine tone, maternal hemodynamics, and safety. This study compares a continuous 20 IU infusion (Group B) versus a 3 IU bolus followed by a 10 IU per hour infusion during elective caesarean delivery to determine their efficacy and safety (Group A). Two groups of sixty elective caesarean patients were randomly assigned. Uterine tone, maternal hemodynamics, uterotonic drug need, and side effects were assessed. The two dosing schedules were statistically compared. Five minutes post-oxytocin administration, Group A had significantly higher uterine tone than Group B (p < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, Group B maternal hemodynamics showed lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The groups had similar adverse effects and uterotonic drug needs. Despite the fast uterine tone of the bolus + infusion regimen, maternal hemodynamics must be regulated. Both regimens were safe; however, a customised dose may be needed. Clinical settings and patient characteristics are critical. This study shows how quickly uterine tone may be achieved following elective caesarean surgery using a 3 IU bolus and 10 IU oxytocin each hour. Maternal hemodynamics and uterotonic efficacy should inform dosing recommendations, with an emphasis on customised techniques.
Collaborative Solutions to Software Architecture Challenges Faced by IT Professionals
Authors: Anwar Zeeshan , Bibi Nazia , Rana Tauseef , Kadry Seifedine , Afzal Hammad
Published: May 2024

Software architecture serves as a crucial link between problem and solution domains in software systems. However, reliance on graphical artifacts for architecture design has limitations, especially in abstract analysis. To overcome these constraints, Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) offer a more formal approach. Yet, our research reveals that ADLs face numerous challenges, as identified through interviews, surveys, and community interactions. By mining content from various sources, including mailing lists and forums, we comprehensively explore the concerns of software engineers. Employing content mining, topic modeling, and grounded theory, we compile a database of real-world issues and solutions in software architecture. Comparing our findings with existing literature, we identify 17 primary issues faced by practitioners. We also compare our results with language models to ascertain areas of agreement and disagreement. Finally, we propose solutions for each identified issue to aid future analysts.
The maximum genus of the generalized Petersen Graph, GP (n, k) for the cases k = 1, 2
Authors: Caldera P. A. D. S. P. , Almeida S. V. A. , Wijesiri G. S.
Published: May 2024

In Topological graph theory, the maximum genus of graphs has been a fascinating subject. For a simple connected graph G, the maximum genus γM(G) is the largest genus of an orientable surface on which G has a 2-cell embedding. γM(G) has the upper bound, γM(G)≤[β/2], where β(G) denotes the Betti number and G is said to be upper embeddable if the equality holds. In this study, the maximum genus of GP(n, k) is established as γM(GP(n,k))=[(n+1)/2] for k = 1 and k = 2 by proving the upper embeddability of generalized Petersen graph, GP(n, k) for the cases k = 1 and k = 2. The proof is done by obtaining spanning trees T and examining the components in the edge complements GP(n, k)\T for the cases k = 1 and k = 2 of GP(n, k).
The density–density response function in time-dependent density functional theory: Mathematical foundations and pole shifting
Authors: Carvalho Corso Thiago , Dupuy Mi-Song , Friesecke Gero
Published: May 2024

We establish existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Dyson equation for the density–density response function in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in the random phase approximation (RPA). We show that the poles of the RPA density–density response function are forward shifted with respect to those of the noninteracting response function, thereby explaining mathematically the well-known empirical fact that the noninteracting poles (given by the spectral gaps of the time-independent Kohn–Sham equations) underestimate the true transition frequencies. Moreover, we show that the RPA poles are solutions to an eigenvalue problem, justifying the approach commonly used in the physics community to compute these poles.
Sheet and Plate, Magnesium Alloy 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-O) Annealed and Recrystallized
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: May 2024

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of sheet and plate from 0.016 to 3.000 inches (0.41 to 76.20 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.5).
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars, Wire, Forgings and Forging Stock 17Cr - 0.52Mo (0.95 - 1.20C) (SAE 51440C) for Bearing Applications
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: May 2024

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
Lubricant, Cetyl Alcohol, 1-Hexadecanol, Application to Fasteners
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: May 2024

This specification establishes the requirements for flake or granular cetyl alcohol, solvents for dissolving the cetyl alcohol, preparation and application requirements for use of cetyl alcohol as an installation lubricant on mechanical fasteners, such as pins, bolts, nuts, washers, threaded or nonthreaded fastening devices, and inspection criteria for coated parts.
Emergency Evacuation Slides, Ramps, Ramp/Slides, and Slide/Rafts
Authors:   S-9A Safety Equipment and Survival Systems Committee
Published: May 2024

This AS provides the minimum performance requirements for the following types of inflatable emergency evacuation devices (hereinafter referred to as device[s]):

1

Type I - Inflatable Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or from an airplane wing to the ground. A Type I off-wing slide is a device that does not include a ramp.

2

Type II - Inflatable Slide/Raft: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from a floor-level airplane exit or an airplane wing to the ground that is also designed to be used as a life raft. A Type II off-wing slide/raft is a device that does not include a ramp.

3

Type III - Inflatable Exit Ramp: A device suitable for assisting occupants in descending from certain overwing exits to an airplane wing.

4

Type IV - Inflatable Ramp/Slide: A device suitable for assisting occupants from an overwing exit or airplane wing to the ground. It is a combination ramp and wing-to-ground device.

5

Type V - Inflatable Ramp/Slide/Raft: A device suitable for assisting occupants from an overwing exit or airplane wing to the ground. It is a combination ramp and wing-to-ground device that is also designed to be used as a life raft.
Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes with bis(4-((E)-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl) phenyl)methane: synthesis, characterization and anti-corrosion effect investigation
Authors: Taha Saad Suad
Published: May 2024

Bright coloured Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes of an azo ligand were synthesized. This ligand was previously synthesized from the coupling reaction between 4,5-diphenyl imidazole and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane in 1:2 molar ratio (4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,5-diphenyl imidazole). The synthesis process of the complexes involved the reflux reaction between the azo ligand with both metal salts. The synthesized complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV.-Visible, molar conductivity and atomic absorption.  From the obtained characteristic data of the FTIR spectra, the coordination between the two metals and the azo ligand occurs by the coordination with the nitrogen atom of the azo group and one of the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole both rings. The molar conductivity test confirm the non- electrolytic nature of both complexes, while the atomic absorption agrees with the expected complexes formula. Therefore, the octahedral structure for the two complexes is suggested. The anti-corrosion activity of the synthesized compounds were investigated under two temperatures (298 and 308 K) with 0.03 gm of each compound was tested. According to the results cobalt (II) complex shows a better anti-corrosion activity (93%) in comparison with the ligand and nickel (II) complex.
KEY WORDS: Cobalt(II) and nickel(II) azo complexes, Imidazole derivative, Anti-corrosion effect
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 963-971.                                                         
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.12
A theoretical study on a new drug combines between vanadyl sulfate and vitamin E in a single component: A novel antioxidant medication in female reproductive health
Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Hassan AlShawi Amal , Gaber Ahmed , Shakya Sonam , S. Refat Moamen
Published: May 2024

This study explores the theoretical properties of a novel complex formed by combining vitamin E (VitE) and vanadyl(II) sulfate. The complex, [VO(VitE)2(H2O)2]2H2O (Vcom), was synthesized in solid form through a reaction between VitE and VOSO4.xH2O in a specific solvent mixture and pH. VitE binds to the vanadyl ion as a single ligand via its deprotonated phenolic oxygen. To characterize the complex, various analytical techniques were employed, including elemental analysis, spectral analysis, conductivity measurements, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. Electronic and magnetic properties were also investigated. Theoretical calculations - molecular docking simulations were used to assess the binding affinity of Vcom with two receptors known to interact with vitamin E: α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) and p105 subunit of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NF-κB). The findings revealed a square pyramidal geometry for the Vcom complex. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) were performed on both VitE and Vcom, focusing on their optimized structures, electrostatic properties, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. In summary, this research delves into the theoretical aspects of a newly formed VitE-vanadyl complex, providing insights into its structure, properties, and potential interactions with relevant receptors.
KEY WORDS: New drug, Vanadyl sulfate, Vitamin E, Antioxidant, Female, Reproductive health, DFT
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 989-1001.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.14
Synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds using camphor
Authors: Sultan Alwan Ensaf , Milad Mohareb Rafat
Published: May 2024

The aim of the work was to synthesize novel heterocyclic compounds derived from camphor with antibacterial activity. The pyridazine, xanthene, pyranothiazole, pyridinothiazole, thiophene and pyrazole derivatives were produced from 4,11,11-trimethyl-9-phenyl-7-(2-phenylhydrazono)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-1,4-methanoxanthen-8(2H)-one (1). Thiophene derivatives 6a,b were produced according to the Gewald’s reaction for  thiophene synthesis. On the other hand, pyranothiazol derivatives 8a,b were synthesized by the multicomponent reactions between xanthene derivative 5, benzaldehyde and ethylcyanoacetate or malononitrile in ethanol/triethylamine. Whereas, pyridinothiazole derivative 9 was produced in ethanol/ammonium acetate by the multicomponent reaction between xanthene derivative 5, benzaldehyde and malononitrile. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against E. coli bacteria. All synthesized compounds showed moderate activity against E. coli bacteria.   
KEY WORDS: Anti-microbial, Camphor, Heterocyclic, Pyrazol-3(2H)-one, Thiazol-4(5H)-one, Thieno[3,2-d]thiazole, Xanthenes
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1069-1076.                                                         
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.20
Cerric ammonium nitrate catalyzed eco-friendly green synthesis of chitosan Schiff base using PEG-400 as an anticancer agent against gastric cancer cells via inhibiting EGFR
Authors: Geng Wei , Feng Xinwei , Li Chunfeng , Ni Sifeng
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted to scrutinize the pharmacological effect of oxazole-embedded Chitosan as an anticancer agent against gastric cancer cells. This compound was synthesized using the classical Schiff base reaction but utilizing the novel green chemical process where cerric ammonium nitrate (CAN) was used as a catalyst in the PEG-400 as solvent media. The target compound was obtained with an excellent yield at the catalyst loading of 5% CAN concentration in 15 min. The Kinase-Glo Plus luminescence kinase assay kit was used to determine the EGFR inhibitory activity of compound 1 where it showed potent activity with IC50 of 2.14 µM. Its effect was also determined on the cellular viability of the Human gastric cancer cell line (SGC7901), liver cancer cell line (HepG2), and lung cancer cell line (A549), where it exhibits potent activity against SGC7901. The compound further showed the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of SGC7901. In RT-qPCR analysis, the compound showed induction of apoptosis of SGC7901 cells possibly by restoring the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax near to normal, and inhibition of the mRNA expression of EGFR in a concentration-dependent manner.
KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Chitosan, EGFR, mRNA, apoptosis, Bcl-2
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1091-1101.                                                   
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.22
TCS/ZnCl2 as a controlled reagent for the Michael addition and heterocyclic cyclization based on the phenyl pyrazolone scaffold with docking validation as a Covid-19 protease inhibitor
Authors: A. Almehizia Abdulrahman , M. Naglah Ahmad , A. Zen Amer , K.  Khatab Tamer , S. Hassan Ashraf
Published: May 2024

TCS/ZnCl2 is presented as a new catalyst for achieving the Michael addition adduct 5a-g by the reaction of phenyl pyrazolone 4 as the Michael donor and arylidene derivatives 3a-g as the Michael acceptor. The one-pot multi-component reaction of the same fragments' scaffolds as aldehydes 1a-g, malononitrile (2), and phenyl pyrazolone 4 with the same catalyst gives pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives 6a-g as final products. The prepared compounds undergo docking validation as COVID-19 protease inhibitors and are compared with hydroxychloroquine as a reference drug.
KEY WORDS: Pyranopyrazole, multi-component reactions, TCS/ZnCl2 catalyst, COVID-19, the energy score, hydroxychloroquine
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1119-1127.                                                      
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.24
Synthesis of new peptide-based macrocycles: Evaluation of their in vitro anti-proliferative activity and molecular dynamic simulation studies
Authors: O. Moustafa Gaber , A. Almehizia Abdulrahman , A. Al-Omar Mohamed , M. Al-Obaid Abdulrahman , M. Naglah Ahmed , A. Zen Amer
Published: May 2024

A simplified synthetic protocol was adopted for the preparation of the six novel cyclo-pentapeptide candidates of the structure cyclo-(m-phthaloyl)-bis-[L-Phe -Gly/Sar]-L-Lys–X, where X = COOMe (9a,b), COOH (10a,b) and NHNH2 (11a,b). The potential cytotoxicity (IC50, μg/mL) for cyclo-pentapeptides (9a,b), (10a,b), (11a,b) and doxorubicin® as reference drugs, is assayed against eight cell lines of human cancer namely; mamillary MCF-7 and T47D, hepatic HEPG2, colon HCT116,  cell line of cervix HELA, larynx HEP2, Prostate PC3, and gut Caco. Cyclo-[m-phthaloyl chloride-bis-(L-phalanine-sar)-L-Lys]-COOH 10b was proved as cytotoxically more potent than doxorubicin against most of the screened cell lines. It can be inferred that the proposed molecular structural characteristics associated with cytotoxicity in these m-phthaloyl-bridged cyclopeptides appear noteworthy and hold promise as potential candidates for further exploration as novel anticancer agents. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of 10b into the binding site of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase exhibited the highest MM-GBSA value (-16.59 kcal/mol).
KEY WORDS: Anticancer, Cytotoxicity, Cyclopeptides, Cyclopeptides, m-phthaloyl-bis-peptides
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1129-1144.                                                       
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.25
Study on the engine characteristics (CI) of using pumpkin-maize-blended biodiesel mixed with additive (diethyl ether)
Authors: Magesh N. , Pushparaj T. , Sabanayagam S.
Published: May 2024

This paper focused on the engine characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled using ternary blends. Initially, pumpkin and maize biodiesel were mixed in a volume ratio of 50:50. With a constant 0.5% diethyl ether (DEE) content, the binary combination of pumpkin and maize biodiesel was mixed with diesel at proportions of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 by volume. The prepared ternary mixtures were evaluated at varying engine loads to improve engine performance. Compared to diesel, the tested ternary blends had a reduced brake thermal efficiency (BTE). However, up to a 30% blending ratio, the BTE demonstrated by ternary blends was within the range of less than 0.5% concerning diesel fuel. The ternary blends' BSFC declined as the binary biodiesel mix increased. Diesel has a brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 1.4%, 2.2%, and 3.4% lower than the ternary blends of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The decrease in the heat release rate of the ternary mixes meant that emitted less CO and NOx than diesel. In contrast, ternary blends exhibited an increasing trend in smoke and HC emissions because of the rise in incomplete combustion that occurs as biodiesel content rises. Therefore, with appropriate engine modifications, the pumpkin and maize binary biodiesel blend can replace diesel by up to 30%.
KEY WORDS: Biodiesels, Binary blend, DEE, Ternary blend, Efficiency
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1145-1161.                                 
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.26
Polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitor
Authors: H. Mahmoud Zaid , Kamil Ghadir Ghadir , Musaad Al-Tmimi Hayder , Jasim Al-Shuwaili Saeb , Ali Ami Ahmed , Kadem Radi Usama , Mustafa Hameed Safaa , Ahmed Mustafa Mohammed
Published: May 2024

A binary polyaniline/TiO2 and varied weight ratio TiO2/PANI nanocomposite was successfully fabricated as an electrode for energy storage application. The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via manual irradiation system with wavelength 256 nm and power 125 W. Polyaniline/TiO2 was then prepared by in situ polymerizing TiO2 onto aniline monomer. Polyaniline nanofibers are loaded with TiO2 to product core-shell system. The polyaniline/TiO2 nanocomposite were characterized using XRD, XPS, TEM, TGA, CP and LCR measurements. The structure properties were examined by XRD and XPS, which confirmed preparing polyaniline/TiO2 binary nanocomposite. The thermal stability was investigated using TGA and obtained high stability of polyaniline/TiO2 compared with polyaniline, while the electrochemical properties were examined by LCR measurements. The LCR measurements were appeared dielectric constant and dielectric loss for incorporating TiO2 through PANI. Varied weights ratio TiO2 was worked in increasing the stored energy ability of polyaniline. Notably, the electrochemical investigate results appear that the PANI/TiO2 has a high specific capacitance (250 F/g) compared with pure PANI (200 F/g).
KEY WORDS: Supercapacitor, UV irradiation, XPS, LCR, nanofibers
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1177-1188.                                                 
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.28
Detection and antibiogram of bacterial contaminants in some commonly consumed indigenous street vended foods in Kasua Central Market in Kaduna North, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyele Hafiz  Awofe , Oluwaseun Ajayi Ayodele , Tunde Aliu Kamoru , Oluwaseun Akinboboye Clementinah
Published: May 2024

Some indigenous ready-to-eat foods, due to its affordability and availability serve as a major alternative to restaurants and high profiled eateries in developing countries. The hygiene standard of these foods is a critical point that needs to be considered due to microbial contamination by potential pathogens. A triplicate of three different food samples: Fura, Nunu, and Tuwo were collected and analysed to determine their microbiological safety. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard methods while antibiotic sensitivity test and multiple drug resistance pattern were carried out. The isolated bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella 100yphi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter sp. While fungal isolates include: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus. oryzae and Penicillium sp. Salmonella sp. was observed to be resistant to 70% of the antibiotics while both Klebsiella sp. And Enterobacter sp. exhibited resistance to 60% of the tested antibiotics. S. aureus had the least resistance to about 30% of the tested Gram-positive antibiotics. Out of all the tested antibiotics, only Tarivid was observed to be effective against all the Gram-negative bacterial isolates, while Reflacine and Ciprofloxacine were effective against 80% of them. The presence of coliform bacteria in the sampled foods raise a great concern about the safety of the street vended foods in the sampled region in Nigeria. The microbiologically low quality of the vended ready-to-eat foods assayed in this study might have resulted from a relatively low level of hygiene observed by the vendors, as well as absence of regulatory body or hygiene codes to guide the street food vendors. From the results of this study, efforts should be intensified by all concerned to make sure that the safety of people remains paramount in the ways the vended foods are produced and distributed.
Water quality assessment of two perennial streams in a rainforest region of Nigeria
Authors: Edosomwan E.U. , Odiana S , Ogboghodo N.
Published: May 2024

Physical and chemical parameters are vital indicators to determine the quality of water people consume. Many people rely on collected stream water for consumption and other daily needs because of non-availability or inadequate supply of pipe borne water in most Nigerian settlements. This study was carried out to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of Ibiekuma and Ogidikpe streams in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity and dissolved oxygen) of the water samples were determined using standard analytical techniques. All parameters analyzed revealed compliance with drinking water standard except pH in site A (Ibiekuma Stream) that was below permissible limit in some locations. Although the parameters examined were within permissible limits, simple hygiene and public awareness should be encouraged to avoid increase in contamination.
Growth and yield performance of X-ray irradiated cucumber
Authors: Onuche Ikani Victor , Amos Zaryi Praise
Published: May 2024

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a very important fruit which makes its demand and consumption continually on the increase all over the world. X-ray is an ionizing radiation and a physical mutagen with great potentials in creating artificial variability in crops. The employment of x-ray irradiation has been underutilized in plant mutagenesis, hence this study sought to determine its effect on the germination and agro-morphological traits of cucumber. Cucumber seeds were obtained from an agro-allied store and exposed to x-ray radiation from a source 70 KVA at a distance of 90cm and doses 10, 20, 30 and 40mAs. The field experiment was carried out in duplicate using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Irradiated and unirradiated (control) seeds were sown directly on a total of ten prepared plots measuring 2.44 by 1.50 m. The result generated in this study show a positive shift at the higher doses (30 and 40 mAs) with reduced number of days to fruit maturity and increased number of fruits per plant when compared to the control and other doses. A strong positive correlation was observed among some traits studied, indicating the possibility of such traits being under the influence of the same gene and the ability to be inherited together. Zonata, a chlorophyll mutant was observed at 30 mAs indicating how successful the dose was in inducing beneficial mutation on the Cucumber. Higher doses of x-ray irradiation as used in this study is therefore recommended for the genetic improvement of other vegetable and under developed crops.
The use of botanicals as pesticides: History, development and emerging challenges
Authors: Kiri Idris Z. , Eghosa Osazee , Usman Haruna B. , Biliyaminu A.
Published: May 2024

The unrestrained use of artificial pesticides over the years has strictly affected the function and dynamics of the ecosystem. The plants are a valuable store providing natural secondary metabolites that can be used as alternative pesticides that are non- pollutive, inexhaustible, everlasting, locally available, simply accessible, environment-friendly and comparatively profitable. It is against this background that scientists have made relentlessly effort to come up with botanicals that can be used as pesticides. The use of botanicals as pesticides has witnessed a rapid expansion in recent years. Plant extracts like nicotine were some of the earliest agricultural botanicals used as early as 17th century. An increasing number of experiments on bio-pesticides occurred in the rapid institutional growth of agricultural research of the early 20th century. Revival in academic and industrial research with a view to developing bio-pesticides transpired in response to increasing costs related with the overexploitation of artificial chemicals. The emergence of novel bio-pesticides has persistently increased since the mid-1990s. Nowadays more and better botanicals are used as pesticides. However, bio-pesticides or botanicals have their limitations some of which include its slower rate of kill in comparison to orthodox chemical pesticides, shorter persistence in the environment and susceptibility to unfavourable environmental conditions. For effective use of bio-pesticides there is need for knowledge-intensive management systems. Plant protection biologists have a sole duty to facilitate an understanding of bio-pesticide efficacy and as well ensure that innovation and knowledge are properly disseminated towards the progress and implementation of sustainable approaches.