bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Keamanan Nasional Republik Indonesia Menghadapi Rivalitas Amerika Serikat - China di Laut China Selatan
Authors: Koessetianto Benedictus Benny , Nugroho Bonifasius Agung , Syarifuddin Kurniawan Firmuzi , Susilawati Susilawati , Supriyanto Taufiq , Wiyono Wujud , Yusgiantoro Purnomo , Midhio I Wayan
Published: January 2024

Konfrontasi strategis antara Amerika Serikat dan China di Laut China Selatan membawa tantangan signifikan terhadap keamanan nasional negara-negara di kawasan, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengembangkan strategi komprehensif bagi Indonesia dalam menghadapi ancaman yang muncul dari rivalitas kedua negara adidaya ini. Menggunakan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), studi ini secara sistematis menilai dan meranking berbagai respons strategis menurut kriteria yang telah ditentukan, yakni dengan skenario terjadinya eskalasi konflik militer, eskalasi konflik ekonomi dan eskalasi polarisasi politik global, yang selanjutnya diperinci kembali dalam aspek-aspek sub kriteria. Data dikumpulkan melalui sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang meliputi laporan pemerintah, analisis keamanan, dan publikasi akademis, yang kemudian diolah untuk menghasilkan matriks perbandingan berpasangan dalam AHP. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa Indonesia harus sungguh-sungguh mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi potensi eskalasi konflik AS dan China di kawasan Laut China Selatan melalui penentuan 3 (tiga) prioritas strategi Nasional yaitu penguatan kapasitas pertahanan negara (militer), penguatan diplomasi dan sentralitas ASEAN, serta penguatan kemandirian ekonomi Nasional. Melalui penerapan metode AHP, diperoleh hasil dimana prioritas strategi nasional Indonesia dalam menghadapi ancaman rivalitas AS dan China di Laut China Selatan yang terbaik adalah melalui strategi penguatan kemandirian ekonomi. Artikel ini menawarkan panduan kebijakan yang berbasis bukti dan memberikan wawasan strategis yang dapat digunakan oleh pembuat kebijakan dan akademisi dalam menghadapi ketidakpastian geopolitik yang dinamis, khususnya yang berpengaruh terhadap negara-negara di kawasan Laut China Selatan. Implikasi dari studi ini yakni memperkaya literatur mengenai aplikasi AHP dalam konteks keamanan nasional dan strategi pertahanan, serta menawarkan kerangka kerja untuk mengevaluasi opsi kebijakan dalam konteks yang serba cepat dan kompleks dari rivalitas besar kekuatan global.
Model Latihan Shooting Sepak Bola melalui Permainan untuk Usia 13-15 Tahun
Authors: Hidayat Suharto Taufik , Arini Ira , Aryadi Dedi , Sudirman Ridwan , Rahmat Ayi , Ridwan Mukhtar
Published: January 2024

This research is motivated by many things that need to be considered before a coach determines a training method for a sport, especially football. On the other hand, as for the problems that are often faced in the field, based on experience, many parents of athletes have the paradigm that their children must become champions in every competition they participate in without understanding the process their children have to go through. The aim of this research and development is to produce a shooting training model for soccer through games for 13-15 year olds. Apart from that, this research and development was carried out to obtain in-depth information about: the development and application of shooting models in soccer through games for ages 13-15 years and to determine the effectiveness, efficiency and attractiveness of children towards the models created. The method used in this research is a qualitative and quantitative approach, which is an approach with the aim of finding answers to problems through the formulation of problems that have been formulated. Based on the data obtained, from the results of the research which consisted of expert validation, small group trials and large group trials as well as discussion of the research results, the researcher can draw the conclusion that (1) the model of shooting training in soccer through the playing method for ages 13 -15 years can be developed. (2) Shooting training model in soccer using the playing method that has been developed, obtained data on the effectiveness and results of the training model for ages 13-15 years.
Efficiency And Productivity Of Coffee Agroindustry In Sungai Penuh City; Dea Approach And The Malmquist Index
Authors: Afdhal Chatra M. , Syofya Heppi
Published: January 2024

The coffee agroindustry's progress in Sungai Penuh city is still not optimal because of human resources' low ability and lack of knowledge and authority about technology. It ultimately impacts the level of efficiency and productivity value of the coffee agroindustry in Sungai Penuh City. This study aims to look at the general efficiency of coffee agroindustry in Sungai Penuh City from 2017-2021 by data envelopment analysis method and measure each coffee agroindustry's productivity level Malmquist index method. The results showed from the quadrant efficiency value and productivity level of Sungai Penuh city coffee agroindustry from 2017-2021  there are three coffee agroindustries in the category of High Efficiency, High Productivity, while the other four coffee agroindustries are in the category of High Efficiency, Low Productivity, there is no coffee agroindustry in the category of Low Efficiency, High Productivity, then found there are three coffee agroindustries in the category of Low Efficiency, Low Productivity.
An Analysis Of English Pronunciation In The Sixth Grade
Authors: Sari Dewi Nila , Hartiwi Juni , Sulastri Sulastri , Sutiwi Sri
Published: January 2024

Learning English is very important for student especially in the elementary school.  The first important thing is to train their tongue in order they are accustomed to hear English words.  The intelligence of boy students is higher than girl students.  It is happened because of some factors.  First, a girl is braver than a boy.  Second, a girl likes to interact than a boy.  The third, a girl is clever to open their mouth so appear the movement in their lips and their tongue.  Thus, from those factors influence the pronunciation of a girl better than boy. The formulation of the problem of this analysis is how the phonetic transcription of pronunciation of students in the sixth grade in terms of manner of articulation in SD Negeri Bumijaya. In doing the analysis the researcher used some theories that have relation with the topic, they are language, phonology which consists of phonetics, phonemics, and manner of articulation.  Psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics are part of concept used to sustain the analysis.  In conclusion, gender influences pronunciation.  Here there are differences pronunciation between boys and girls.  Having done the analysis, the researcher concludes that 30% boy students are able in pronouncing the words and 46% girl students are able in pronouncing the words.
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Audio Visual Learning Media Based On Macromedia Flash Usage On School Program Of Increasing Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Sanulita Henny , Hendriyanto Donny , Citrawati Lestari Nana , Ramli Akhmad , Arifudin Opan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential impact of flash multimedia audiovisual learning materials on students' motivation to learn. Quantitative and semi-experimental methodologies are used in this kind of research. An experimental design with just a post-test control group is used in this study. The population is represented by all study participants. The technique for gathering samples is called purposeful sampling. For the purposes of this sampling procedure, we selected two classes: class A served as the experimental group and class B as the control group. There were about a hundred pupils in the sample. Questionnaires were employed in order to gather data. The data analysis for this study included descriptive analysis. Students in the experimental class scored higher on the average for learning motivation than those in the control class, according to the findings of the descriptive statistical analysis. The significance level of 0.05 is not as great as the significance coefficient value of 0.000, according to the results of the t test hypothesis test. The findings of the t-test indicated that the experimental class was more driven to read documents regarding enthalpy changes than the control class. The impact of macromedia flash-based audio-visual learning materials on students' motivation to learn is probably the cause of this discrepancy.
The Effect of Reflective Journaling on Writing Skills of English As a Foreign Language Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Amalia Nur Aisyah , Syahid Abdul , Ali Mirza Akhmad
Published: January 2024

Reflective journaling defined as a development-oriented assessment in which contributes students to reach potential capabilities through analyzing their learning process. The students engaged in reflection of their learning process through reflective journal writing. The present study focused to investigate the effect of reflective journaling on writing skills of English as A Foreign Language (EFL) students. Two classes of twelfth grade students in a state Islamic school were involved in the study. The participants were assigned to two groups (experimental and control) and involved in writing test. Experimental group was provided by reflective journal template adapted from Gibb’s Reflective Cycle. The analysis was significant with p value was 0.024 in which less than critical value 0.05. The results indicated that students who used reflective journal significantly different compared to those do not use it.
ANALYZING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REPORT
Authors: RISMALIYANTI AJENG SRI
Published: January 2024

RESUME TERKAIT DENGAN ANALYZING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REPORT
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Authors: RISMALIYANTI AJENG SRI
Published: January 2024

RESUME TERKAIT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
Mixed effects models but not t-tests or linear regression detect progression of apathy in Parkinson’s disease over seven years in a cohort: A comparative analysis.
Authors: Hanff Anne-Marie , Krüger Rejko , McCrum Christopher , LEY Christophe
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION While there is an interest in defining longitudinal change in people with chronic illness like Parkinson’s disease (PD), statistical analysis of longitudinal data is not straightforward for clinical researchers. Here, we aim to demonstrate how the choice of statistical method may influence research outcomes, (e.g., progression in apathy), specifically the size of longitudinal effect estimates, in a cohort.METHODS In this retrospective longitudinal analysis of 802 people with typical Parkinson’s disease in the Luxembourg Parkinson's study, we compared the mean apathy scores at visit 1 and visit 8 by means of the paired two-sided t-test. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between the visit numbers and the apathy score using linear regression and longitudinal two-level mixed effects models.RESULTS Mixed effects models were the only method able to detect progression of apathy over time. While the effects estimated for the group comparison and the linear regression were smaller with high p-values (+1.016/ 7years, p = 0.107, -0.056/ 7years, p = 0.897, respectively), effect estimates for the mixed effects models were positive with a very small p-value, indicating a significant increase in apathy symptoms by +2.345/ 7years (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION The inappropriate use of paired t-tests and linear regression to analyse longitudinal data can lead to underpowered analyses and an underestimation of longitudinal change. While mixed effects models are not without limitations and need to be altered to model the time sequence between the exposure and the outcome, they are worth considering for longitudinal data analyses. In case this is not possible, limitations of the analytical approach need to be discussed and taken into account in the interpretation.
Bioelectric Pharmacology of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Ion Channel Drugs Affecting the Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Kofman Karina , Levin Michael
Published: January 2024

Cancer is a pernicious and pressing medical problem; moreover, it is a failure of multicellular morphogenesis that sheds much light on evolutionary developmental biology. Numerous classes of pharmacological agents have been considered as cancer therapeutics and evaluated as potential carcinogenic agents. Here, we briefly review recent work on ion channel drugs as promising anti-cancer treatments and present a meta-analysis of the cancer-relevant effects of 109 drugs targeting ion channels. The roles of ion channels in cancer are consistent with the importance of bioelectrical parameters in cell regulation and with the functions of bioelectric signaling in morphogenetic signals that act as cancer suppressors. We find that compounds that are well-known for having targets in the nervous system, such as voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, proton pumps, and gap junctions are especially relevant to cancer. Our analysis suggests further opportunities for the repurposing of numerous promising candidates in the field of cancer electroceuticals.
Effectiveness Testing of The Combination of Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinal var. Rubbed) and Tumeric (Curcuma domestica val.) As Antibacterial on Bacterial Growth Escherichia coli
Authors: Suprianto Suprianto , Febriady Andy , Syafitri Mayana Vita
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aims to determine the combination of ethanol extract of red ginger and tumeric capable of inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the best concentration of a combination of red ginger and tumeric extract in inhibiting Escherichia coli bacteria Method: Combination of red ginger and tumeric was extract using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The antibacrerial effectiviness test was carried out by disc diffusion method with 7 samples from each treatment group, a combination of 40% red ginger extract and 0% tumeric, 30% red ginger extract and 10% tumeric, 20% red ginger extract and 20% tumeric, 10% red ginger extract and 30% tumeric, 0% red ginger extract and 40% tumeric. Results: The results of the study showed that the inhibitory effect of 40% red ginger and 0% tumeric was 17,6 mm, 30% red ginger extract and 10% tumeric inhibition was 14,3 mm, and 20% red ginger extract and 20% tumeric inhibition 12,1 mm, concentration of 10% red ginger extract and 30% tumeric inhibition of 9,1 mm, concentration 0% red ginger extract and 40% tumeric inhibition of 15,9 mm.Conclusion: From this study the combination of red ginger and tumeric ethanol extract had an inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli bacteria at a concentration of 40% red ginger and 0% tumeric which was included in the strong category of 17,6 mm
Management Control Systems Related Ethics
Authors: Rahman Muni Arini
Published: January 2024

Seperangkat prinsip etika adalah pusat dari batasan berbagai sistem MCS harus memasukkan prinsip-prinsip kode etik organisasi MCS yang menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip etika dapat memberikan panduan bagi pengambil keputusan saat mereka menghadapi dilema etika
Measuring and reducing the carbon footprint of fMRI preprocessing in fMRIPrep
Authors: Souter Nicholas Edward , Bhagwat Nikhil , Racey Chris , Wilkinson Reese , Duncan Niall W , Samuel Gabby , Lannelongue Loïc , Selvan Raghavendra , Rae Charlotte
Published: January 2024

Computationally expensive data processing in neuroimaging research places demands on energy consumption – and the resulting carbon emissions contribute to the climate crisis. We measured the carbon footprint of the fMRI preprocessing tool fMRIPrep, testing the effect of varying parameters on estimated carbon emissions and preprocessing performance. Performance was quantified using (a) statistical individual-level task activation in regions of interest and (b) mean smoothness of preprocessed data. Eight variants of fMRIPrep were run with 257 participants who had completed an fMRI stop signal task (the same data also used in the original validation of fMRIPrep). Some variants led to substantial reductions in carbon emissions without sacrificing data quality: for instance, disabling FreeSurfer surface reconstruction reduced carbon emissions by 48%. We provide six recommendations for minimising emissions without compromising performance. By varying parameters and computational resources, neuroimagers can substantially reduce the carbon footprint of their preprocessing. This is one aspect of our research carbon footprint over which neuroimagers have control and agency to act upon.
Chinese Translation of the Perth Empathy Scale
Authors: Cai Xin-lu , Ye Qingying
Published: January 2024

This Chinese translation of the Perth Empathy Scale (PES) was translated from the original English version. An initial translation from English to Chinese was conducted and refined by the authorship team. These Chinese items were then back-translated into English by a translator with CATTI certification. Minor refinements to some of the Chinese items were made by the authorship team on the basis of this back-translation, resulting in the final Chinese version of the PES presented in this document. Our team has published a psychometric study on this Chinese PES to examine its validity and reliability. 该中文翻译版珀斯共情量表（the Perth Empathy Scale，PES）经由英文原版翻译而来。作者团队首先对该量表进行了从英文到中文的初步翻译和凝练。随后，这些中文条目由一位拥有CATTI认证的翻译员回译为英文。基于回译版本，作者团队对一些中文条目进行了细微调整，最终形成了本文档中呈现的PES的中文版本。目前，本团队已经发表了一项探究中文版PES的心理测量学属性文章。
Participant use of artificial intelligence in online focus groups: an experiential account.
Authors: Stafford Lucy , Preston Catherine , Pike Alexandra Claire
Published: January 2024

Large language models (LLMs), one application of artificial intelligence, experienced a surge in users between 2022-2023. During this time, we were conducting online focus groups in which participants insisted on responding using the chat box feature. Based on several chat box responses, we became concerned they were LLM generated. Out of the 42 participants who typed a chat box response during a focus group, we identify 9 as potentially providing LLM generated answers and present their responses with the highest similarity score to an LLM answer. Given the growth and improvement in LLMs, we believe that this issue is likely to increase in frequency. In response to this, in this article we reflect on 1) strategies to prevent participants from using LLMs, 2) indicators LLMs may be being used, 3) the fallibility of identifying LLM generated responses, 4) philosophical frameworks that may permit LLM responses to be incorporated into analyses, and 5) procedures researchers may follow to evaluate the influence of LLM responses on their results.
Differentiation in social perception: Why later-encountered individuals are described more negatively
Authors: Koch Alex , Bromley Andrew , Woitzel Johanna , Alves Hans
Published: January 2024

According to the cognitive-ecological model of social perception, biases towards individuals can arise as by-products of cognitive principles that interact with the information ecology. The present work tested whether negatively biased person descriptions occur as by-products of cognitive differentiation. Later encountered persons are described by their distinct attributes that differentiate them from earlier encountered persons. Because distinct attributes tend to be negative, serial person descriptions should become increasingly negative. We found our predictions confirmed in six studies. In Study 1, descriptions of representatively sampled persons became increasingly distinct and negative with increasing serial positions of the target person. Study 2 eliminated this pattern of results by instructing perceivers to assimilate rather than differentiate a series of targets. Study 3 generalized the pattern from one-word descriptions of still photos of targets to multi-sentence descriptions of videos of targets. In line with the cognitive-ecological model, Studies 4-5b found that the relation between serial position and negativity was amplified among targets with similar positive attributes, zero among targets with distinct positive or negative attributes, and reversed among similar negative targets. Study 6 returned to representatively sampled targets and generalized the serial position-negativity effect from descriptions of the targets to overall evaluations of them. In sum, the present research provides strong evidence for the explanatory power of the cognitive ecological model of social perception. We discuss theoretical and practical implications. It may pay off to appear early in an evaluation sequence.
Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Non-Pharmaceutical Chronic Pain Research Engagement
Authors: Hansford Kirralise , McKenzie Kirsten J , Crossland Anna , Baker Daniel H , Preston Catherine
Published: January 2024

Objective: Chronic pain is increasingly treated with non-pharmaceutical methods; however, treatment engagement is still dominated by pharmaceutical methods. Research assessing the barriers to uptake of non-pharmaceutical treatments highlights transportation problems, concerns regarding treatment efficacy and lack of support. However, there has not been research one step earlier in the treatment development pipeline; assessing barriers to taking part in research that develops non-pharmaceutical chronic pain treatment methods. Methods: A two-phase approach was used to assess barriers and facilitators to research participation for people living with chronic pain. Online focus groups were run in phase 1, generating qualitative data, whilst phase 2 used the themes identified within phase 1 to assess agreement and disagreement in a wider sample of people with chronic pain across the UK. Results: Phase 1 identified the largest barrier to be “Distrust”, relating to a distrust of medical and research professionals, distrust of confidentiality assurances, and distrust that the research would have impact. The greatest facilitator identified was “Improved Accessibility”, which related to the accessibility of the research environment, the type of research being conducted, and accessible advertisement of the research within trusted settings. Phase 2 found around 80% agreement with all facilitator themes and a mix of opinions regarding barrier themes, highlighting the individuality of barriers experienced when living with chronic pain. Conclusions: Addressing the barriers and implementing the facilitators identified here ensures that patient participants are comfortable and safe within research environments. Furthermore, this project provides recommendations for researchers to follow to help increase patient engagement in research studies.
Regional social cohesion and fertility rate: Municipality-level analysis in Finland
Authors: Soini Eetu , Golovina Kateryna , Hämäläinen Hans , Rotkirch Anna , Berg Venla , Parikka Suvi , Jokela Markus
Published: January 2024

Declining fertility rates pose a challenge for population structures and socioeconomic sustainability in developed countries. While many studies find that received social support matters for childbearing on the individual level, and regional variation in fertility can be considerable, few studies have investigated how regional social factors relate to fertility rates. In the current study, we used data from 299 municipalities in Finland to examine how different measures of social cohesion were associated with fertility rates at the regional level. Data for social indicators were derived from a large national survey (n=100,750), fertility data were derived from population registries. We applied spatial autoregressive error models to account for spatial autocorrelation between neighboring municipalities. Regions with higher social support and more frequent social contacts had higher fertility rates, whereas higher social trust and civic engagement were associated with lower fertility rates. These associations were stronger for fertility rates among age groups 20-34. The results suggest that regional social cohesion may be relevant for people’s decisions of having children.
Separate and unequal options: Neighborhood educational access in the era of school choice
Authors: Rich Peter , Sprague Christian
Published: January 2024

The market theory motivating school choice policy assumes that empowering families with greater enrollment flexibility will make access to educational opportunity less dependent on residential location and, ultimately, more equitable. This perspective downplays how much families are constrained by the options they can practically access as well as their tendencies to prioritize racial composition over quality. Using administrative student records from Michigan—where school choice is widespread—we ground market optimism in social reality. Our discrete choice model and counterfactual decomposition reveals that where families live and the school options accessible to them account for 83% of Black-White school segregation and 94% of the Black-White gap in peer academic environment. By parsing how much neighborhood educational access and family enrollment decisions each contribute to these macro-level outcomes, this study reveals the continued salience of residential segregation underpinning public schools and clarifies why the proposed benefit of market empowerment rings hollow.
From Kin to Comrade: Rural Clan Society and the Rise of Communism in China
Authors: Jiang Junyan , Lan Xingchen
Published: January 2024

A key paradox of social revolutions is that, despite their radical, modernist claims, success often requires effective mobilization of the peasantry, who are inherently inward-looking and conservative. This article studies how traditional institutions of rural society can help movement entrepreneurs initiate a modern revolution. Using newly digitized data on over 65,000 family genealogies, 2,800 revolutionary organizers, and 500,000 martyrs from 637 uprisings, we examine the mobilizing role of clan and kinship networks during the incipient stage of the Chinese Communist Revolution (1927--1936). Triple-difference estimates suggest that local organizers rallied significantly more co-clan members than non-co-clan individuals to join uprisings. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the characteristics of organizers’ clans and the local clan structure are among the strongest predictors of the occurrences and successes of uprisings. These findings highlight the subtle yet significant linkage between agrarian institutions and modern revolutions and offer a new perspective on the origins of Chinese communism.
A scoping review on what constitutes a good research culture
Authors: Blatch-Jones Amanda , Lakin Kay , Thomas Sarah
Published: January 2024

Background: The crisis in research culture is well documented, covering issues such as a tendency for quantity over quality, unhealthy competitive environments, and assessment based on publications, journal prestige and funding. In response, research institutions need to assess their own practices to promote and advocate for change in the current research ecosystem. The purpose of the scoping review was to explore ‘What does the evidence say about the ‘problem’ with ‘poor’ research culture, what are the benefits of ‘good’ research culture, and what does ‘good’ look like?’ Aims: To examine the peer-reviewed and grey literature to explore the interplay between research culture, open research, career paths, recognition and rewards, and equality, diversity, and inclusion, as part of a larger programme of activity for a research institution.Methods: A scoping review was undertaken. Six databases were searched along with grey literature. Eligible literature had relevance to academic research institutions, addressed research culture, and were published between January 2017 to May 2022. Evidence was mapped and themed to specific categories. The search strategy, screening and analysis took place between April-May 2022. Results: 1666 titles and abstracts, and 924 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 253 articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. A purposive sampling of relevant websites was drawn from to complement the review, resulting in 102 records included in the review. Key areas for consideration were identified across the four themes of job security, wellbeing and equality of opportunity, teamwork and interdisciplinary, and research quality and accountability. Conclusions: There are opportunities for research institutions to improve their own practice, however institutional solutions cannot act in isolation. Research institutions and research funders need to work together to build a more sustainable and inclusive research culture that is diverse in nature and supports individuals’ well-being, career progression and performance.
Japanese Web Novels: Media History, Platform, and Narrative
Authors: Iida Ichishi , Ma Scott
Published: January 2024

This article studies the Japanese web novel, which, despite having come to represent a substantial segment of the Japanese market for literature over the course of two decades, remains almost unstudied in English-language academia. To analyze its case, the article examines in turn the media history of Japanese web novels, the online platforms on which they are written, and the aesthetic elements of the narrative-world that frequently characterizes it. The article also closely examines the economic rationale underlying its success within the current Japanese culture industry, allowing a distinction between the elitist, qualitative judgment characteristic of traditional popular literature and the audience-driven, quantitative judgment characteristic of industry trends following the ascendence of the web novel. It additionally introduces the concept of 1.5-dimensionality to describe how web novels exist between being original and derivative other works, and studies the history of the isekai (“other world”) genre as an example. The article lastly notes the similarities between the Japanese model and others models of web novel platforms in East Asia, calling for greater comparisons and theoretical exegeses of these cases.
Impacto de los Bancos de alimentos en población infantil: una revisión rápida de la literatura
Authors: Pinzon-Castillo Pedro , Perez-Mendez Wilfran , Arejula-Astorga Catalina , Yáñez-Cubillos Daniela , Rio Elena Castaño-Del , Morales-Urzua Isadora , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: January 2024

Food banks are non-profit organizations with the function of delivering food in good condition to vulnerable populations. These institutions increase the population's ability to obtain food of adequate nutritional quality and thus impact health status. The pediatric population is a group vulnerable to food insecurity, which directly affects cognitive development and health in multiple aspects. Objective: conduct a quick review of the literature on the role of food banks in the child population, with emphasis on Colombia and Chile. Methods: review of the literature through indexed databases and gray literature on food banks and children. Results: In 2021 globally, 45 million children under 5 years of age suffer from emaciation. The Bogotá Food Bank and the Lo Valledor Food Bank operate as non-profit organizations that collect, store and distribute food to vulnerable populations who are food insecure. Among the programs implemented by Feeding América to reduce food insecurity, the “Backpack program” initiative has been implemented. Conclusion: Food banks are essential to combating childhood food insecurity. The "Backpacks for Life" program and cross-sector collaboration show promise for improving the well-being of children in Latin America and developing regions.
The Matrix of AI-Agency. On the Demarcation Problem in Social Theory
Authors: Anicker Fabian , Flaßhoff Golo , Marcinkowski Frank
Published: January 2024

Recent developments in AI make the question of machine agency a pressing matter. Contrary to theidea that agency is the inherent quality of a system we argue that agency should be seen as a socialstatus, or, more precisely, a socially granted license to issue actions that is acquired and monitored in social practices. From this perspective, we develop criteria for the theoretical demarcation of agents and non-agents to distinguish entities based on the attributed abilities and their relative power in social networks. We derive a matrix of different types of agents and show how this matrix can inform empirical studies on AI.
Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Season 2 Episode 1 Kelas 5ABCD
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: January 2024

Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Season 2 Episode 1 Kelas 5ABCD
Reservation in Bihar: A Study of Nitish Government Initiative
Authors: Imam Md. Altamash
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with the reservation policies in Bihar, focusing on the initiatives undertaken by the Nitish Kumar government. This research assesses the Nitish government's efforts in promoting social justice and equal opportunities within Bihar's socio-political landscape. It also encapsulates the Nitish Government’s multifaceted approach, spanning historical reforms and contemporary initiatives such as the caste survey or caste census, positioning him as a pivotal figure in the trajectory of reservation policies. The paper unfolds the intricate interplay of caste dynamics, political evolution, and policy alterations that have shaped Bihar's reservation discourse.
The Influence of Personal Money Remittances on the Improvement of the Social Condition of the Population and the Economy of the Recipient Countries
Authors: Kovač Rade , Čolaković Namik
Published: January 2024

Novčane doznake su novi finansijski fenomen i jedan od važnih izvora prihoda zemalja sa niskim i srednjim dohotkom. Iako su pojedinač­ne novčane doznake relativno male vrijednosti, one zajedno predstavljaju ogromnu vrijednost, jer su zbirno ti tokovi tri puta veći od globalne službe­ne razvojne pomoći. Iako se najčešće koriste za pokrivanje osnovnih potre­ba domaćinstava, one istovremeno u dijelu domaćinstava podržavaju ra­zvoj vještina i mogućnosti kroz obrazovanje i preduzetništvo i upravo ti re­sursi su se pokazali ključnim za transformaciju lokalnih zajednica, jer omo­gućavaju mnogim porodicama postizanje vlastitih ciljeva održivog razvoja. Zemlje Jugoistočne Evrope se godinama suočavaju s velikim stopama ise­ljavanja i to je preraslo u kontinuiran proces, čiji je glavni uzrok ekonomske prirode. Iako iseljavanje u dugoročnom kontekstu ima negativne reperkusi­je, jer dugoročno djeluje na smanjivanje potencijalne stope rasta BDP i uku­pne faktorske produktivnosti, a penzioni i zdravstveni fond se dovodi do ko­lapsa; postoje i neki pozitivni efekti, kratkoročnog karaktera, gdje se naroči­to ističe prijem personalnih novčanih doznaka. Upravo su doznake dijelom doprinijele smanjenju stope siromaštva, ali isto tako i amortizovale nepo­voljne efekte vanjskotrgovinske razmjene.
Fitness as a Sports Tourism Niche in the European Union with a Reference to the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Rudančić Andreja , Šoštar Mirna , Šokčević Sandra
Published: January 2024

U suvremenoj turističkoj ponudi se na fenomen fitnessa gleda kao na rekreaciju u funkciji očuvanja i obnove zdravlja pojedinaca i skupina te povećanja kvalitete njihova života. U radu se analiziraju navike stanovnika Europske unije po pitanjima dokolice i tjelesnih aktivnosti u smislu održava­nja dobrog fizičkog stanja organizma i zdravstvene dobrobiti. Svrha rada je istražiti i argumentirano obrazložiti značaj fitnesa kao niše sportskog turiz­ma u Europskoj uniji s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku sa aspekta rekreaci­je u sklopu sportskog turizma te wellnessa kao sastavnice zdravstvenog tu­rizma. Prilikom analiziranja teme korišteni su relevantni podaci primarnih istraživanja Eurobarometra Europske unije te su dovedeni u usporedbu sa rezultatima istraživanja Instituta za turizam Republike Hrvatske. Generalni je zaključak da je hrvatski prosjek zastupljenosti fitnesa kao aktivnosti slo­bodnog vremena puno manji u odnosu na europski prosjek.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF READINESS OF OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FOR SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, TITARENKO S.
Published: January 2024

Визначено актуальність проблеми забезпечення психологічного супроводу готовності старших дошкільників до навчання в школі. Сучасні дослідження підкреслюють важливість психологічного супроводу процесу готовності дитини до навчання в школі. Він допомагає виявити потреби та можливості кожної дитини, сприяє її успішній адаптації до нових умов та розвитку ключових навичок для подальшого навчання. Здійснено аналіз психолого-педагогічних досліджень з проблеми готовності дітей старшого дошкільного віку до навчання в школі. Психологічна готовність дітей до школи передбачає формування в них певного ставлення до навчання як до серйозної і соціально значущої діяльності. Вона включає в себе мотивацію до навчання, інтелектуальний та емоційно-вольовий розвиток дитини. Визначено поняття «психологічний супровід», його мету та завдання. Схарактеризовано основні напрями психологічного супроводу готовності дитини старшого дошкільного віку до навчання в школі (профілактика, діагностика, консультування, розвивальна робота, корекційна діяльність, психологічна просвіта, формування психологічної культури, розвиток психолого-педагогічної компетентності дітей, адміністрації закладу дошкільної освіти, педагогів та батьків тощо). Визначено, що забезпечення психологічного супроводу готовності дітей старшого дошкільного віку до навчання в школі передбачає роботу за трьома основними напрямами: робота з дітьми; взаємодія педагогів; співпраця з батьками. Зауважено, що готовність до навчання в школі передбачає загальну і спеціальну готовність. Важливо враховувати психологічний аспект цього процесу, оскільки внутрішня готовність дитини до переходу в нову соціальну роль «школяр» і новий освітній простір «школа» відіграють ключову роль в успішній адаптації до шкільного життя. Розглянуто роль сім’ї, педагогів та самої дитини у цьому процесі. Визначено, що психологічний супровід сприяє підготовці дитини до навчання в школі, допомагає адаптуватися до нових умов, знайти своє місце в соціальному оточенні та розвивати ключові навички, необхідні для успішного шкільного навчання. Важливість цього процесу полягає в тому, що він створює міцний фундамент для подальшого успіху та самореалізації дитини в освітній системі. Ключові слова: готовність до школи, психологічний супровід, старші дошкільники, батьки, педагоги, практичний психолог.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ THINKING
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженко, MOZUL I.
Published: January 2024

Останніми роками у початковій освіті відбуваються інтенсивні зміни, які спрямовані на творчий розвиток особистості, її креативне нестандартне мислення, вимагають постійного вдосконалення і оновлення організаційних форм, змісту освіти, застосування інноваційних технологій, які спрямовані на підвищення результативності навчання. Мислення є одним із складних пізнавальних феноменів, притаманних людині. Мислення має вагоме значення у пізнанні навколишнього світу. Мислення на відміну від сприйняття виходить за межі даних, одержаних органами чуття, розширює межі пізнання. На основі сенсорної інформації завдяки мисленню людина робить певні теоретичні й практичні висновки. Мислення відрізняється від інших психологічних процесів тим, що для нього характерна наявність проблемної ситуації, завдання, яке треба вирішити або встановити причинно-наслідкові зв’язки між предметами, об’єктами, процесами і явищами, а також обов’язковою є активна зміна умов, у яких ці завдання задаються. Навчання у початковій школі – це захоплюючий процес, який сприяє загальному розвитку дитини молодшого шкільного віку, є важливою складовою, яка стимулює формування особистості. Для розвитку різних операцій мислення здобувачів освіти необхідним є створення умов, які сприяють оптимізації освітнього процесу засобами різних форм, методів і прийомів навчально-виховної діяльності. Мисленнєва діяльність учнів є однією з основоположних проблем теорії і методики початкової освіти. Чимало літературних джерел розкривають особливості мислення та його розвиток, бо воно є одним із важливих процесів існування особистості у навколишньому світі. Мислення людини дає можливості глибше й ширше пізнати світ, відносини між людьми, зв’язки людини з навколишніми предметами, явищами, пізнати особливості психіки. Мислення як процес вивчається психологією, педагогікою, біологією, кібернетикою, філософією та іншими науками. Вчені розглядають різні проблеми і види мислення, розробляють відповідну систему спеціальних понять, створюють теорії мислення, які розширюють знання людей про означений процес особистості, дозволяють глибше зазирнути у мисленнєвий процес. Творче, нестандартне, креативне, критичне мислення з психологічної точки зору розглядають дослідники у двох аспектах: як психічний процес створення чогось нового і як сукупність властивостей особистості, які сприяють її залученню у цей процес. Тут особливе значення відіграє самостійне мислення школяра, оскільки у процесі пошукової, дослідницької, проблемної, творчої або проєктної діяльності найбільш яскраво виявляється індивідуальність дитини, її знання, вміння, інтуїція, прослідковується зв’язок її рухової активності, ініціативності та самостійності. Ключові слова: освіта, навчання, розвиток, початкова школа, учні, мислення.
The Influence of Teacher-Student Interaction on Student Motivation and Achievement at Secondary School Level
Authors: Sultana Nayyar , Chaudhry Aleena , Idrees Noreen
Published: January 2024

The learning environment will be greatly impacted by this effect, which will affect students' performance and motivation. The purpose of this study is to look into the relationship between motivation and academic achievement between students and teachers. It is anticipated that the study's findings were highly helpful to the participants as well as to learners, parents, educators, and legislators who wish to understand how teacher-student interaction impacts learners' motivation and performance. The investigation is being conducted using the quantitative research approach. The study's sample consisted of 20 Teachers and 217 pupils from the two schools. There was one school that did very well on the board exams and one that did not. Students who have strong teacher-student relationships should or will be able to develop a need for satisfaction. Positive teacher-student contact was positively correlated with student motivation.
The complete anterior petrosectomy: an expanded extended-middle fossa approach with removal of the infratrigeminal petrous apex and drilling of the lateral clivus
Authors: Liu Collin , Evins Alexander I. , Atchley Travis J. , Surdell Daniel L. , Thorell William E. , Nonaka Motonobu , Stieg Philip E. , Bernardo Antonio
Published: January 2024

Intradural exposure in the extended middle fossa anterior transpetrosal approach is traditionally limited to the inferior petrosal sinus inferomedially. Expanding bone removal of the petrous apex around the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA), underneath the trigeminal ganglion/mandibular nerve, and into the lateral component of the clivus can significantly expand the limits of this approach beyond the inferior petrosal sinus and allows for exposure of the midline structures, aspects of the contralateral inferior clival region, and, when high riding, the vertebrobasilar junction. To date, no descriptive techniques for drilling into the lateral clivus in this approach have been published. The authors provide a detailed stepwise description of their complete anterior petrosectomy, in use at their institution, that involves skeletonization of the posteromedial petrous ICA, gentle elevation of the trigeminal ganglion/mandibular nerve, removal of the infratrigeminal petrous apex, and two techniques for drilling into the lateral clivus along the petroclival fissure. These techniques provide a direct and unobstructed corridor to the midpetroclival region and ventral brainstem with greater maneuverability and enhanced control of the midline structures, which is especially useful for resection of petroclival meningiomas, chondrosarcomas, and giant vascular lesions of the mid- and upper basilar artery and its proximal branches.
Does the number of social factors affect long-term patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in those with cervical myelopathy? A QOD study
Authors: Park Christine , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Than Khoi D. , Bisson Erica F. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Asher Anthony L. , Coric Domagoj , Potts Eric A. , Foley Kevin T. , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Virk Michael S. , Knightly John J. , Meyer Scott , Park Paul , Upadhyaya Cheerag , Shaffrey Mark E. , Buchholz Avery L. , Tumialán Luis M. , Turner Jay D. , Agarwal Nitin , Chan Andrew K. , Chou Dean , Chaudhry Nauman S. , Haid Regis W. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Michalopoulos Georgios D. , Bydon Mohamad , Gottfried Oren N.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE

It is not clear whether there is an additive effect of social factors in keeping patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) from achieving both a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in outcomes and satisfaction after surgery. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of multiple social factors on postoperative outcomes and satisfaction.

METHODS

This was a multiinstitutional, retrospective study of the prospective Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) CSM cohort, which included patients aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with primary CSM and underwent operative management. Social factors included race (White vs non-White), education (high school or below vs above), employment (employed vs not), and insurance (private vs nonprivate). Patients were considered to have improved from surgery if the following criteria were met: 1) they reported a score of 1 or 2 on the North American Spine Society index, and 2) they met the MCID in patient-reported outcomes (i.e., visual analog scale [VAS] neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index [NDI], and EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]).

RESULTS

Of the 1141 patients included in the study, 205 (18.0%) had 0, 347 (30.4%) had 1, 334 (29.3%) had 2, and 255 (22.3%) had 3 social factors. The 24-month follow-up rate was > 80% for all patient-reported outcomes. After adjusting for all relevant covariates (p < 0.02), patients with 1 or more social factors were less likely to improve from surgery in all measured outcomes including VAS neck pain (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.99) and arm pain (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.96); NDI (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.98); and EQ-5D (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) (all p < 0.05) compared to those without any social factors. Patients with 2 social factors (outcomes: neck pain OR 0.86, arm pain OR 0.81, NDI OR 0.84, EQ-5D OR 0.81; all p < 0.05) or 3 social factors (outcomes: neck pain OR 0.84, arm pain OR 0.84, NDI OR 0.84, EQ-5D OR 0.84; all p < 0.05) were more likely to fare worse in all outcomes compared to those with only 1 social factor.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to those without any social factors, patients who had at least 1 social factor were less likely to achieve MCID and feel satisfied after surgery. The effect of social factors is additive in that patients with a higher number of factors are less likely to improve compared to those with only 1 social factor.