bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Van Allen Probes Observations of Oxygen Ions at the Geospace Plume
Authors: Foster John C. , Erickson Philip J.
Published: July 2021

The geospace plume couples the ionosphere, plasmasphere, and magnetosphere from sub-auroral regions to the magnetopause, on polar field lines, and into the magnetotail. We describe Van Allen Probes observations of ionospheric O+ ions at altitudes of 3–6 RE in the near vicinity of the geospace plume in the noon and post-noon sector. The temporal variation of warm ion fluxes observed as a function of time on a moving spacecraft is complicated by changing spacecraft position and complex ion drift paths and velocities that are highly sensitive to ion energy, pitch angle and L value. In the “notch” region of lower density plasma outside the morning-side plasmapause, bi-directionally field aligned fluxes of lower energy (<5 keV) ions, following corotation-dominated drift trajectories from the midnight sector, are excluded from geospace plume field lines as they are deflected sunward in the plume flow channel. In general, O+ at ring current energies (∼10 keV) is bi-directionally field aligned on plume field lines, while lower energy O+ (<3 keV) are absent. The observation of ion plumes with energies increasing from ∼1 keV–>20 keV in the dusk sector outer plasmasphere is interpreted as evidence for localized ionospheric O+ outflow at the outer edge of the geospace plume with subsequent O+ acceleration to >50 keV in <30 min during the ions’ sunward drift.
Free-Living Aquatic Turtles as Sentinels of Salmonella spp. for Water Bodies
Authors: Hernandez Sonia M. , Maurer John J. , Yabsley Michael J. , Peters Valerie E. , Presotto Andrea , Murray Maureen H. , Curry Shannon , Sanchez Susan , Gerner-Smidt Peter , Hise Kelley , Huang Joyce , Johnson Kasey , Kwan Tiffany , Lipp Erin K.
Published: July 2021

Reptile-associated human salmonellosis cases have increased recently in the United States. It is not uncommon to find healthy chelonians shedding Salmonella enterica. The rate and frequency of bacterial shedding are not fully understood, and most studies have focused on captive vs. free-living chelonians and often in relation to an outbreak. Their ecology and significance as sentinels are important to understanding Salmonella transmission. In 2012–2013, Salmonella prevalence was determined for free-living aquatic turtles in man-made ponds in Clarke and Oconee Counties, in northern Georgia (USA) and the correlation between species, basking ecology, demographics (age/sex), season, or landcover with prevalence was assessed. The genetic relatedness between turtle and archived, human isolates, as well as, other archived animal and water isolates reported from this study area was examined. Salmonella was isolated from 45 of 194 turtles (23.2%, range 14–100%) across six species. Prevalence was higher in juveniles (36%) than adults (20%), higher in females (33%) than males (18%), and higher in bottom-dwelling species (31%; common and loggerhead musk turtles, common snapping turtles) than basking species (15%; sliders, painted turtles). Salmonella prevalence decreased as forest cover, canopy cover, and distance from roads increased. Prevalence was also higher in low-density, residential areas that have 20–49% impervious surface. A total of 9 different serovars of two subspecies were isolated including 3 S. enterica subsp. arizonae and 44 S. enterica subsp. enterica (two turtles had two serotypes isolated from each). Among the S. enterica serovars, Montevideo (n = 13) and Rubislaw (n = 11) were predominant. Salmonella serovars Muenchen, Newport, Mississippi, Inverness, Brazil, and Paratyphi B. var L(+) tartrate positive (Java) were also isolated. Importantly, 85% of the turtle isolates matched pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of human isolates, including those reported from Georgia. Collectively, these results suggest that turtles accumulate Salmonella present in water bodies, and they may be effective sentinels of environmental contamination. Ultimately, the Salmonella prevalence rates in wild aquatic turtles, especially those strains shared with humans, highlight a significant public health concern.
In a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study, Administration of 6 and 12 G Fortetropin® Does Not Reduce Serum Myostatin in Healthy Adult Dogs Over 72-Hours
Authors: Nugent Britt Carmella C. , Alvarez Leilani X. , Lamb Kenneth
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a single administration of 6 and 12 g of Fortetropin compared to placebo on serum myostatin in healthy, adult dogs over a 72-h period.

Methods: Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Ten hospital-employee-owned healthy adult dogs aged 2 to 8 years old were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and then 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 72-h following administration of the test agent (6 and 12 g) or placebo. Serum samples were processed according to manufacturer's guidelines for canine serum using GDF-8/Myostatin Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems). Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) analyses were carried out where P < 0.05 was deemed significant.

Results: Mean serum myostatin was not significantly lower in treatment groups of either low or high dose compared to placebo at any time point. Baseline mean serum myostatin in low and high dose treatment groups was 29,481 (SD = 5,224) and 32,214 pg/mL (SD = 7,353), respectively. Placebo group low and high dose baseline mean serum myostatin was 30,247 (SD = 5,875) and 28,512 (SD = 5,028).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that administration of single 6 or 12 g dose of Fortetropin does not reduce serum myostatin in healthy adult dogs over a 72-h period.

Clinical Importance: Oral supplements, like Fortetropin, require further studies to determine the efficacy and bioavailability in order to guide clinical use in dogs.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of BCG in Protecting Against Contact Challenge With Bovine Tuberculosis in Holstein-Friesian and Zebu Crossbred Calves in Ethiopia
Authors: Bayissa Berecha , Sirak Asegedech , Worku Adane , Zewude Aboma , Zeleke Yemisrach , Chanyalew Mahlet , Gumi Balako , Berg Stefan , Conlan Andrew , Hewinson R. Glyn ,   The ETHICOBOTS Consortium, Wood James L. N. , Vordermeier H. Martin , Ameni Gobena
Published: July 2021

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is prevalent in intensive dairy farms in Ethiopia. Vaccination could be an alternative control approach given the socio-economic challenges of a test-and-slaughter control strategy. The efficacy of the BCG was evaluated on 40 Holstein-Friesian (HF) and zebu crossbred calves recruited from single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test negative herds and randomly allocated into two groups. Twenty-two calves were vaccinated within 2 weeks of age, and 18 were kept as a control. Six weeks post-vaccination, the two groups were exposed and kept mixed with known SICCT test positive cows for 1 year. Immune responses were monitored by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA), SICCT test, and antibody assay. Vaccinated calves developed strong responses to the SICCT test at the sixth week post-vaccination, but did not respond to ESAT-6/CFP-10 peptide antigen-based IGRA. During the exposure, IFN-γ response to the specific peptide cocktail [F(2.44, 92.67) = 26.96; p < 0.001] and skin reaction to the specific proteins cocktail [F(1.7, 64.3); p < 0.001] increased progressively in both groups while their antibody responses were low. The prevalence of bTB was 88.9% (95% CI: 65.3–98.6) and 63.6% (95% CI: 40.7–83.8) in the control and vaccinated calves, respectively, based on Mycobacterium bovis isolation, giving a direct protective efficacy estimate of 28.4% (95% CI: −2.7 to 50.1). The proportion of vaccinated calves with lesion was 7.0% (34/484) against 11.4% (45/396) in control calves, representing a 38% (95% CI: 5.8–59.4) reduction of lesion prevalence. Besides, the severity of pathology was significantly lower (Mann–Whitney U-test, p < 0.05) in vaccinated (median score = 2.0, IQR = 0–4.75) than in control (median score = 5, IQR = 3.0–6.25) calves. Moreover, survival from M. bovis infection in vaccinated calves was significantly (log-rank test: χ2 = 6.749, p < 0.01) higher than that of the control calves. In conclusion, the efficacy of BCG was low, but the reduced frequency and severity of lesion in vaccinated calves could suggest its potential role in containing onward transmission.
EDUCATION FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sutiono Sutiono
Published: July 2021

We have confirmed that Islamic education is not the same as the goals of western education, because there are differences in understanding the nature, role, and purpose of human life in the world. This is a very basic problem that is being faced in the world of Islamic education, therefore a solution must be found. The formulation of the goals of Islamic education, one of which is to deliver to the purpose of human creation, which is to become a caliph on earth as stated in the holy book of the Qur'an. The essence of Islamic education is personal development in all its aspects (body, mind, and heart). And is an activity or effort that a person does in order to achieve maximum positive development in humans. The business or activity in question can be in the form of teaching, habituation, giving examples, giving gifts and praise, as well as developing one's knowledge, skills, and  life experience. In addition to being interpreted as an activity, education can also be seen as a system. Education as a system is nothing but a functional totality that is directed at one goal. The purpose of education is to achieve the target in accordance with the purpose of creating humans to become caliphs on earth, then the Qur'an and hadith are used as the basis for Islamic education. Steps are needed to reformulate the goals of Islamic education in accordance with the guidance of the Qur'an and Hadith and refer to the Islamic intellectual tradition that has brought glory and prosperity to mankind.

Pendidikan Isam sudah kita pastikan tidak sama dengan tujuan pendidikan barat, oleh karena terdapat perbedaan dalam memahami hakikat, peranan dan tujuan hidup manusia di dunia. Ini adalah persoalan yang sangat mendasar yang sedamg dihadapi pada dunia pendidikan Islam, oleh karena itu harus dicari solusinya.Rumusan tujuan pendidikan Islam salah satunya adalah menghantarkan pada tujuan penciptaan manusia, yaitu menjadi khalifah di muka bumi sesuai yang ertuang dalam kitab suci al-Qur’an. Hakikat pendidikan Islam adalah pengembangan pribadi dalam seluruh aspeknya (jasmani, akal, dan hati). Dan  merupakan aktivitas atau usaha yang dilakukan seseorang agar tercapai perkembangan maksimal yang positif dalam diri manusia. Usaha atau kegiatan yang dimaksud dapat berbentuk pengajaran, pembiasaan, pemberian contoh dan teladan, pemberian hadiah dan pujian, maupun pengembangan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan atau pengalaman hidup seseorang. pendidikan selain dimaknai sebagai sebuah aktivitas, dapat juga dipandang sebagai sebuah sistem. Pendidikan sebagai sebuah sistem, tidak lain merupakan suatu totalitas fungsional yang terarah pada satu tujuan.  tujuan pendidikan mencapai sasaran sesuai dengan tujuan penciptaan manusia menjadi khalifah di muka bumi, maka al-Qur’an dan hadits yang dijadikan sebagai landasan dalam pendidikan Islam. Perlu langkah untuk merumuskan kembali tjuan pendidikan Islam sesuai dengan tuntunan al-Qur’an dan Hadits serta mengacu pada tradisi intelektual Islam yang telah membawa kegemilangan dan kesejahteraan kepada ummat manusia.
A influência do desjejum e do exercício físico na cognição de escolares: uma revisão
Authors: Lira Guedes Gustavo , Barbosa Jéssica Mycaelle da Silva , Leite Claudia Dias , Pereira Raiane Maiara dos Santos , Campbell Carmen Sílvia Grubert , Ramos Isabela Almeida
Published: July 2021

Introdução. A má alimentação e o sedentarismo estão entre os fatores que mais contribuem para o agravo do estado de saúde na infância, sendo associados a dificuldades e problemas de aprendizagem durante o período de escolarização. Estudos sugerem que crianças em idade escolar podem ter desempenho cognitivo aprimorado pelo consumo regular do café da manhã, bom condicionamento físico e da prática de exercícios físicos. Objetivo. Partindo do princípio de que muitas crianças em idade escolar não consomem o café da manhã todos os dias e, também não atingem as metas de exercício recomendadas por diretrizes de saúde, no presente estudo realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura acerca do consumo do café da manhã, do envolvimento em práticas corporais de crianças, e a sua capacidade de manter e aprimorar as funções cognitivas na infância. Método. A investigação englobou aspectos de consumo, resposta glicêmica e a comparação de carboidratos alimentares presentes no café da manhã, além disso, o envolvimento em aulas de educação física, intervalos ativos e programas de exercício físico e a sua relação com a cognição de crianças em idade escolar. Conclusão. Após revisão de artigos e as suas respectivas contribuições científicas para as temáticas, assume-se uma associação positiva entre o consumo adequado do café da manhã e das práticas de exercício físico com o funcionamento cognitivo ideal para crianças em idade escolar. Sendo sugerido pelos autores pesquisados, a adoção e o incentivo dessas práticas para a rotina das crianças durante o período de escolarização.
State of the viticultural and winemaking industry of the Republic of Crimea for the period of 2014 - 2020
Authors: Рюмшин А.В. , Иванченко В.И. , Булава А.Н.
Published: July 2021

Проведен анализ состояния виноградно-винодельческого комплекса Республики Крым за период с 2014 по 2020 годы. На основании ежегодной инвентаризации виноградных насаждений и винодельческого комплекса Республики Крым проанализирована возрастная и качественная структура виноградных насаждений, а также винодельческой отрасли. Общая площадь виноградных насаждений Республики Крым в хозяйствах всех категорий на 01.01.2021 г. составляет 20,2 тыс. га. Рассмотрен один из проблемных вопросов отрасли - виноградное питомниководство.

The analysis of state of the viticultural and winemaking complex of the Republic of Crimea for the period of 2014-2020 was carried out. Based on the annual inventory control of grape plantations and winemaking complex of the Republic of Crimea, the age and quality structures of vineyards of the Republic of Crimea and the winemaking industry were analyzed. The total area of grape plantations of the Republic of Crimea in farm units of all categories as of 01.01.2021 consists of 20.2 thousand hectares. Grape nursery as one of the problematic issues of the industry was considered.
Las clínicas jurídicas como fenómeno convergente en los consultorios jurídicos de Colombia
Authors: Gil-Osorio Juan , Rodríguez-Ortegón Dahianna , Páez-Roa Cesar
Published: July 2021

In education and especially in the training of professionals, it is essential to understand and specify the different ways of entering the practical world, where universities or higher education institutions should be promoters of this aspect. Due to this, the main objective of this research was to analyze within the framework of the practice of legal clinics as a divergent phenomenon, which is aimed at shaping an expansion of the dynamics in legal clinics operating in Colombia. For this, a descriptive and systematic study was carried out based on the analysis of the different academic results proposed throughout the development and implementation of this figure in the legal offices of universities in Colombia, without going into statistical depth. In the first place, a contextualization was carried out on its historical development; followed by the analysis of its implementation as a divergent phenomenon and finally the implications and the needs to maintain constant innovation for the training of professionals adapted to the new social realities were mentioned.
Body packing: tráfico de drogas y cirugía. Reporte de un caso.
Authors: Meneses Columbié Luis Edmundo , Meneses Peralta Javier
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Exponer el caso de un paciente con intoxicación aguda por cocaína en contexto de un “Body Packer Syndrome”, considerando sus aspectos médico-quirúrgicos y legales.Materiales y Método: Se obtuvo la ficha clínica, con resguardo de anonimato, de un paciente que acude al Servicio de Urgencia (SU) y que es intervenido y evolucionado posteriormente en el Hospital el Pino de San Bernardo, Chile.Resultados: Paciente fue sometido a una gastrotomía, una enterotomía y una colotomía después de haber sido estabilizado por paro cardiorrespiratorio presentado en SU. Es trasladado a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) donde evoluciona desfavorablemente.Discusión: El “Body Packer Syndrome” es una entidad clínica infrecuente que, en la minoría de los casos, puede presentar complicaciones severas que requieren de un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico inmediato.Conclusión: Considerando que tanto el consumo como el tráfico de drogas se mantienen como un importante problema de salud pública y que sus consecuencias pueden ser devastadoras, es importante tener conocimiento sobre el tema.
Reparación endovascular de las lesiones traumáticas de la arteria subclavia.
Authors: HERNANDEZ MORENO LUIS CESAR , BOMBIN FRANCO JUAN RAMON , KOTLIK AGUILERA ALEJANDRO JAVIER
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La reparación convencional de la arteria subclavia es desafiante, con una morbilidad del 24%, y mortalidad del 5 al 25%, las técnicas endovasculares permiten la reparación arterial subclavia desde un acceso distal, reduciendo la elevada morbimortalidad asociada.Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo, del tratamiento endovascular de las lesiones traumáticas de la arteria subclavia.Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, (revisión de serie de casos unicéntrica), de pacientes sometidos a la reparación endovascular de la arteria subclavia, debido a lesiones traumáticas, utilizando dos técnicas (stent balón expandible y oclusión endovascular con balón), durante un período de 12 años (2007 – 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile.Resultados: Se realizaron 15 procedimientos consecutivos, electivos (86,67%), urgencias (13,33%), sexo masculino (66,67%), femenino (33,33%), edad promedio de 55,8 años (rango 26 – 69), abordaje utilizado: arteria femoral común (93,33%) y arteria braquial (6,67%), etiología de las lesiones: iatrogenia (66,67%) y trauma (33,33%), reparación mediante stent balón expandible (66,67%), oclusión endovascular con balón (33,33%), tasa de éxito técnico (100%), tasa de permeabilidad primaria a 1, 5, 10 años del 100%, 93,33% y 86,66% respectivamente, seguimiento medio (61,4 meses), estancia hospitalaria promedio (3,3 días), tiempo quirúrgico promedio (75min), no hubo morbilidad cardiovascular,  neurológica central o mortalidad relaciónada al procedimiento.Discusión: La técnica endovascular elimina la necesidad de disección quirúrgica, disminuyendo el riesgo de lesión de estructuras adyacentes, especialmente en pacientes politraumatizados.Conclusión: En pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados, la técnica endovascular representa una excelente estrategia terapéutica de reparación de las lesiones subclavias.
Visibilizando a las Cirujanas en Chile
Authors: Albornoz Garrido Claudia R , Carrillo Gonzalez Katya , Vargas Vargas Victoria , Pedrero Bustamante Pamela , Fernández Albornoz Macarena , Fonseca Salamanca Verónica , Pérez Sotomayor Lorena , Rodríguez Poblete Carolina , Rojas Rossel Karen , Plass Del Corral Ingrid , Camacho Neira Jamile
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La cirugía ha sido tradicionalmente considerada una especialidad masculina. Se desconoce si el aumento en el número de médicas en los últimas décadas ha producido un aumento significativo en el número de cirujanas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y visibilizar la participación actual e histórica de las mujeres en Medicina y en Cirugía General en Chile. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de la cohorte de medicas/os y cirujanas/os egresados de Escuelas de Medicina Chilenas desde el año 1970, complementado con estudio de corte transversal para conocer la información actual de las cirujanas y residentes. Las fuentes de datos fueron los Registros de la Superintendencia de Salud, CONACEM y el Catastro de la Asociación de Cirujanas.Resultados: Ha existido un aumento sostenido de médicas egresadas sobrepasando a sus pares masculinos a partir del 2018. Las cirujanas representan el 15% del total de cirujanos, y este número se ha duplicado por década a partir de los años 70. Actualmente, 33% de los residentes en formación son de género femenino. Las áreas más comunes de desarrollo son cirugía general (35%), y dentro de las subespecialidades: mama, plástica y cabeza y cuello.Conclusión: Las mujeres siguen siendo minoría en cirugía; sin embargo se ha producido un  un aumento progresivo y se espera siga la misma tendencia. Es necesario visibilizar la importancia de las cirujanas para que sirvan como modelo a nuevas generaciones de estudiantes y así poder aumentar la representación femenina en la especialidad.
REOPERACIONES NO PROGRAMADAS EN CIRUGIA GENERAL: ANALISIS DEL PROTOCOLO MINSAL
Authors: Bannura Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Introducción: El análisis de reoperaciones no programadas (RONP) es un indicador de calidad solicitado por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) desde julio de 2010 como una forma de retroalimentar a los equipos quirúrgicos sobre las causas de reintervenciones en cirugía electiva, promoviendo la discusión técnica en una reunión clínica de pares.Objetivo:El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados de un protocolo de RONP en un hospital público docente de alta complejidad.Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo que analiza la base de datos prospectiva iniciada en nuestro centro en julio de 2010 incluyendo todos los pacientes reoperados antes de 30 días desde la intervención inicial electiva. El indicador se consideró cumplido si hubo un análisis crítico del caso antes de 15 días desde la fecha de la reintervención y si hay un documento que lo respalda.Resultados: En el periodo de 9,5 años se efectuaron 18.536 intervenciones electivas con una tasa global de RONP de 2,5%. El protocolo se cumplió en el 97% de los casos. Las RONP representan el 45,5% de la mortalidad global de los equipos estudiados en el periodo.Conclusión: el indicador de las RONP nos parece una práctica relevante en el contexto acotado de un Servicio y su evolución en el tiempo. No es útil como indicador global de una Institución que involucra servicios de adultos y niños con múltiples especialidades no comparables. Para cumplir con el objetivo debe medirse en forma prospectiva, completa, no discriminatoria y sin carácter punitivo. Teóricamente podría retroalimentar la estrategia quirúrgica de los equipos.
NEW APPROACH OF SIGNED BINARY NUMBERS MULTIPLICATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON FPGA
Authors: Madenda Sarifuddin , Harmanto Suryadi
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a new model of signed binary multiplication. This model is formulated mathematically and can handle four types of binary multipliers: signed positive numbers multiplied by signed positive numbers (SPN-by-SPN); signed positive numbers multiplied by signed negative numbers (SPN-by-SNN); signed negative numbers multiplied by signed positive numbers (SNN-by-SPN); and signed negative numbers multiplied by signed negative numbers (SNN-by-SNN). The proposed model has a low complexity algorithm, is easy to implement in software coding and integrated in a hardware FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and is more powerful compared to the modified Baugh-Wooley's model.
Transformation of Individuality & Publicity: Philosophic-Anthropological Analysis
Authors:   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Myasnikova Lyudmila , Shlegel Elena ,   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities
Published: July 2021

The problem of the balance between society and personality, awareness of ‘individuality’, ‘personality’, as well as ‘publicity’ (publicness) are ranked among the central philosophical issues. There are many interpretations of them. And these matters remain critical in today’s ‘individualised’ society. Based on a philosophic-anthropological approach, and using comparative-historical methods, the authors trace the cultural-historical transformation of the subsistence of an individual in society from Antiquity to the present. An individual is characterised via such conceptions as ‘social type’, ‘individuality’, ‘personality’. The author’s interpretation of these concepts does not always coincide with the generally accepted one. In particular, the individual is often understood as an ‘ensemble of social relations’, i.e. as synonymous with the social. Furthermore, the authors define the term ‘social type’ as an expression of the societal, the term ‘individuality’ as a holograph or verge of the world, the absolute, mankind, whereas the term ‘personality’ is understood as an individuality rendered ‘in-being-with-others’. The main developmental trend in the relationship between the individual and society is the long cultural-historical transition from an individuality ‘outside the world’ to an individuality ‘in the world’. The authors justify the idea that an individualised society is not a society of individuals. Furthermore, the transformation of the conventional conception of publicness is revealed, the ephemerality of publicness in contemporary society in general, and particularly in virtual space, is highlighted. Publicness is substituted with cocktail parties, ‘cloakroom communities’, and shindigs. The article deals with the construction of virtual identity in the social media of the younger generation. At the end of the article, the authors conclude that in the contemporary world of multiple identities, a person has to look for life values, once again facing the problem of choice and a new understanding of freedom.
Depersonalization of Liaison in Digital Communication: “Lightened Sociality” Phenomenon
Authors:   Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Philosophy and Law,  Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saburova Lyudmila
Published: July 2021

The digital technologies used in social communications give rise to new phenomena requiring both innovative measuring and descriptive tools, and new methodological approaches to understanding them. In particular, there is a need for a theoretical-methodological rationale of researches into social communities to account for the specificity of the new type of sociality that digital interactions generate. The article describes a study aimed at constructing a theoretical model of functioning virtual communities of a mobilisation type. The initial phase of the study included the analysis of interaction in virtual communities under the methodology of the ‘grounded theory’. The continuous observation of the behaviour of online communities on the VKontakte and Facebook platforms allowed us to identify the most relevant features of interaction hypothesised to influence the dynamics of the communities. Underpinned by analysis of quantitative data having been obtained during the study, the basic hypothesis was formulated as follows: digital technologies both determine the transition to non-linear communications and to the prevalence of horizontal connections, and form the ‘weakest’ social connections, leading to the depersonalisation of communication, dispersion and relativisation of social capital. Transformable social interactions create a new type of sociality described in the article through the metaphopr of ‘lightened sociality’. ‘Weaker’ linkages between digitalised social actors allow us to say about a ‘lightened’ sociality since the social capital of participants gets reduced to a symbolic amount, whereas the level of mutual obligations and social liability substantially decreases compared to off-line reality.
Representation of Cultural Traumas in Contemporary Public Discourse: “New Frankness” of Meta-Modernism
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Ovodova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The prerequisites for this study are criticism of postmodernism by theorists and philosophers of culture, and the actualisation of metamodernism as one of the most popular theories of postmodernism. The relevance of the study is determined by the appearance of a ‘new sensitivity’ having arisen from geopolitical events of the 2000s. Metamodernism theory authors declare the new structure of sensation to be different from the dominants of postmodernism and modernism. The article describes the transformation of the representation of cultural traumas in public discourse with the consideration of ideas of metamodernism and a new frankness. The article covers the methodological capabilities for using postmodernism and metamodernism discourses for analysing the principles of representation of cultural trauma within public discourse. Distinguishing features of new frankness are highlighted. Immortal Regiment action is analysed as an example of actualisation of personal experience and family history in public discourse. The concept of ‘new frankness’ increases the role and significance of the witness. The examples of works of contemporary mass culture and media resources are used to trace the actualisation of the witness’s narrative of cultural trauma. Warmth, depth, and affect, characteristic of metamodernism, actualise the demand for plausibility and personal experience of an event. An indirect effect of these hypotheses consists in that narratives on cultural trauma are multivariate as manifested in criticism of the conventional image of a historic event. Re-evaluating historical events from different points of view triggers mechanisms of latent trauma, potentially making almost any historical event a cultural trauma. The study resulted in the revelation of accentuation of sensitivity in narratives of cultural traumas, as opposed to manners prevailing in modernism and postmodernism discourses, i.e. practices of stigmatisation, suppression, and the commodification of cultural traumas.
Governmental Expansionism: Autonomy Protective Mechanism of Private Sphere & Individual Freedom
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Ural Branch of the Russian  Academy of Sciences, Pankevich Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article covers expansionism of governmental agencies into key segments of social relations. Conventionally, this activity has been interpreted as destructive and blurring the divide between the private and the public spheres in attempts to minimise the scope and institutional autonomy of the private sphere. As opposed to the aforesaid interpretations, the article demonstrates that this explanation needs to be corrected due to its origination from not quite true and full ideas of structural specificity of the private sphere, the mechanisms of social relations regulation, the availability of unaccounted social asymmetries, and the dominance structure within its framework. Based on a retrospective analysis of the structurisation of political forms, the article shows that the differentiation between publicity and privacy is rooted in the structural formula of the contemporary state as political unity delineated against the background of the ambient world, and is the principial for it as an authority technology that gives priority to protecting the political community. By accomplishing this goal, the article complements existing concepts interpreting the private sphere as a platform for implementing the principles of individual autonomy, legal and social equity between the social entities acting within it. In this optic, state expansionism is a protective strategy aimed at gaining control of entity groups able to dominate the private sphere. Thus, far from restricting the potential of individuals to implement private strategies, state expansionism directly facilitates the retention of the institutional autonomy of an individual in the framework of the private sphere, which is a fundamental structural precondition for the functioning of modern societies.
Privacy & Secrecy: The Right to Control of Personal Information
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Chesnokova Lesya
Published: July 2021

The article considers the right for privacy and secrecy as an opportunity to have a life sphere hidden from the government, society and other individuals. The study is based on a holistic approach including logical, hermeneutical and comparative methods. The historical process of the origin of publicness triggered the development of legal guarantees, personal freedom, and political involvement. This was accompanied by the occurrence of the sphere of privacy where an actor is protected from state and public interventions. Whereas the public sphere is associated with openness, transparency, total accessibility, the private sphere is connoted with darkness, opacity, and closedness. The need for privacy and secrecy is determined by the human vulnerability. One of the critical components of privacy is the right of an individual for control his personal information. To protect one’s own private sphere, one puts on a social mask when speaking in public. In an intimate relationship, unlike in a public one, he voluntarily waives protection by allowing those closest to him access to personal information. The restricted private sphere is sometimes a source of apprehension and a desire to penetrate other people’s secrets, both from the totalitarian state, which seeks to suppress and unify the individual, and from curious members of society. For the purpose of retaining the social world, a person in the course of socialisation learns to respect other’s privacy, behaving discreetly and tactfully. The right for privacy and secrecy is related with freedom, dignity, and the autonomy of personality.
Formation of Subcultural Entity under the Influence of Public Sphere
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Kuzovenkova Yuliya
Published: July 2021

The last two decades have been a time of serious transformation of youth subcultures. Researchers speak about the formation of the postmodernism paradigm of subculture and the virtualisation of sociocultural phenomena. The subcultural subject and the power that formed it continue to exist in the new realities, but are undergoing a transformation. Changes having occured to the public sphere were especially significant for a subcultural entity since it is the public sphere where a subcultural entity can present itself to authorities, thereby maintaining its social subsistence. Our research was aimed at studying how the transformation of the public sphere has affected the entity’s subculture. For the study, the authors employed the method of a qualitative half-structurated interview and draw on the disciplinary authority concept suggested by M. Foucault. The analysis was based on materials of interviewing some representatives of the graffiti subculture in the city of Samara (twenty-two people) from 2016 to 2018. The author has established that the subcultural subject is processual and dependent on the practices in use; a change in practices leads to a change in the subject. Changes of practices in the graffiti subculture were a result of the virtualisation of culture. The author has identified the changes that have taken place in the subcultural subject under the influence of the transformation of the public sphere (the ‘short time’ of instantaneous fame prevails over the ‘long time’ of the symbolic capital of the nickname, new space-time coordinates within which the entity exists, the ‘digital body’ of the subcultural entity becomes ever more informative rather than that which was created via sketches placed in urban space). Unlike the public sphere, the private sphere under the influence of a subculture ideology remains unchanged.
Intrinsic Balance in Generation Z: Between Individualization & Massification
Authors:   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Shlegel Elena
Published: July 2021

The examination of the ‘incoming’ generation as a new sociocultural type of contemporary human remains relevant at all times. The eldest representatives of the new generation (so called ‘Generation Z’ or the ‘Digital generation’) are today’s alumni who crave to take over the world, re-arranging it in accordance with their interests and views, and claim to become the ‘leading generation’ of our century. Research into this generation, the attempt to understand it is undoubtedly an important task. This material is dedicated to the matter of defining the interrelation between individualisation and the massification in ‘generation Z’ representatives. The research methods used in the study are as follows: philosophic-anthropological analysis, content-analysis, and scientific data interpretation. The research work contains the thesis that tendencies of individualisation and massification in the lives of ‘digital children’ are inextricable and consistent. The role of the Internet in general and social networks in particular in the process of individualisation of Generation Z is discussed, touching on the problem of ‘stereotypness’, by which individualisation of a person begins to be built in cyberspace. The new generation, on the one hand, is somewhat disconnected from the real world, feeling and creating its uniqueness and individuality, and on the other hand, maintaining a sense of community, unity and solidarity, but only often through a virtual environment. At the same time, consolidating quickly and going offline as needed.
Transformation of the Scientific Article Paradigm under Diffusion of Internal & External Publicness of Science
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Shkorubskaya Elena
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the specifics of the public sphere of science in the context of the diffusion of the public and private spheres that characterises modern society and is driven, among other factors, by the development of social media and other tools of online communication. Based on the communicative approach suggested by Jurgen Habermas, the science field concept by Pierre Bourdieu, and the actor-network theory by Bruno Latour, the following two types of modern science publicness are defined. Inner, ‘esoteric publicness’ of science itself is a prerequisite for scientific communication, and is set up on the principles of reasonable doubt and criticism, assuming discussiveness, knowledge, and uncertainty of arguable facts. Outer, ‘broad publicness’ becomes a platform of interaction between science and society, and requires science to provide ultimate knowledge. Using the example of the use of texts of scientific articles in popular scientific texts, the problem of the diffusion of the two public spheres is examined. Firstly, the conventional layman is confronted directly with the inner workings of science, and thus has to deal with discrepancies, which he cannot resolve on his own. Secondly, the pragmatics of the scientific article undergos changes, its conclusions tend to radicalise, and the very article is used only for confirming the credibility of a popular text referring to it. The change in the reader (a professional is replaced by a layperson) has an effect on the original pragmatics of the text and the impact it has on the addressee. What is supposed to serve as the discussion onset in ‘esoteric publicness’, becomes the rationale for the unconditional recognition of communicated information in the ‘broad publicness’ of science.
The Modern Multi-Functional Cultural Center (Yeltsin Center) as a Platform for Dialogue Both Public & Private
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Lisovetc Irina
Published: July 2021

The article covers the modern multi-functional cultural centre as an institution of Russian culture of the 21st Century in the terms of the interaction of publicity and privacy. On the basis of the institutional approach in cultural theory and the philosophical and aesthetic analysis of the space of the cultural centre, the most important role of this institution in individual and personal assimilation of sociocultural values is substantiated. The objectives (programme) of such an institution, its chronotope and functionality are directed at the involvement of contemporaries into various forms and levels of the culture of the past, and its emotional-sensual assimilation via media-communication technologies. The ‘Yeltsin-Center’ in the city of Yekaterinburg was taken as the example not only for being orientated on the familiarisation of its visitors with the history of the Russian state and its culture of the late 20th century and the early 21st century, but also for the subjective experience of turning points of those times and the city where the personality and activities of the first Russian president were shaped and began. The calibre of the President’s personality, in this case, is diversely represented within the space of the Centre, and becomes crucial for understanding what was going on at that time. The ‘Yeltsin-Center’ is a principally new cultural complex, each component of which, and above all its central part - the Museum of the First President - is structured to show the turning point in Russian history as the President’s life journey and to encourage citizens to understand the past and present. The use of modern information technologies in this cultural complex, and primarily in its museum exhibition having been arranged as an artistic artefact, becomes crucial to the dialogue of publicity and privacy.
Interpenetration Phenomenon of Public & Private Aspects in Contemporary Theatrical Practices
Authors:   Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Brandt Galina
Published: July 2021

The article hypothesises that the opposition of ‘publicity/privacy’ concepts (alongside with other fundamental dichotomies, e.g. spiritual/material, social/individual, political/personal) in the media era, and first of all in the era of the Internet together with related communicative resources, is no longer productive. The study was performed via discursive analysis since it concerns methods of making use of the original concepts of ‘publicity’ and ‘privacy’. The author also addresses media survey methods since it is a contemporary media context that guides changes in the balance between the concerned phenomena. The deconstruction method is also important since the theatre institution itself, on the example of which the phenomenon of the interpenetration of the public and the private is examined, is deconstructed and shadowed by absolutely new theatrical practices. The culturological approach is the paradigmal prism through which the declared topic is researched, since the study goal is to demonstrate how ‘current’ (Z. Bauman) changes of the modern cultural landscape change habitual ideas on some or other dichotomies, particularly the dichotomy of ‘publicity/private’. The aforementioned research tools were used in the study to address theatrical practices explicitly demonstrating the removal of the dichotomy of public and private. A closer look was taken at the play ‘Questioning’ staged by the contemporary Petersburg theatre Pop-up, and where invasion of publicity into the area of privacy and intimity, and exposition of aspects taken out from ultimate existential depths constitutes the very essence of the play. The article concludes that such theatrical practices can take place when the cultural horizon is extended to enable the attribution of a new semantic scope, in particular ‘forced publicness’ (E. Shulman).
Публичное и частное в философии религии Ричарда Рорти
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Khitruk Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The article covers the religious conception in the work of the famous American philosopher Richard Rorty. The author emphasises the secular and finalist views of R. Rorty on the nature of religion, and on the philosopher’s gradual perception of the need for their creative reinterpretation due to the actualisation of the role of religion in intellectual and political spheres. The article uncovers two fundamental constituents of Richard Rorty’s religious philosophy. The first of them is associated with R. Rorty’s perception of the ‘weak thinking’ concept in the writings of Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. R. Rorty holds ‘weak thinking’ and ‘kenosis’ to be the key to understanding the possibility of religion in the postmodern era. The second aspect concerns the existence of religion in the public space. Here the distinction between ‘strong’ narratives and ‘weak’ thinking correlates with the politically significant distinction between ‘strong’ religious institutions and private (parish, community) religious practice. Rorty believes that the activity of ‘strong’ religious structures threatens liberal ‘social hope’ on the gradual democratisation of mankind. The article concludes that Richard Rorty’s philosophy of religion presents an original conception of religion in the context of modern temporal humanism; the concept positively evaluates religious experience to the extent that it does not become a basis for theoretical and political manipulations on the part of ‘strong’ religious institutes.
Manifesto & Public Sphere: Action versus Communication
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Valuev Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The article covers the issue of consistency of manifesto texts with a political system underpinned by publicness principles. The ever-increasing production of manifestos witnesses a crisis in the political system which necessitates the investigation of how such texts influence both their readers and public sphere as a whole. The public sphere concept by J. Habermas, perception of policies by J. Ranciere, and dialogue-based approaches of M. Buber and A. Pyatigorsky constitute the basis for analysing structural elements of a manifesto text, and highlighting their core traits shedding light on the relationship between a manifesto text and the public sphere. Through highlighting the three main elements of a manifesto text, i.e. ‘speaking I’, ‘Object’, and ‘Other’, and by clarifying the configuration of interrelations between the elements, the militant message of a manifesto is asserted as the opposite to the dialogue-based foundation of the public sphere. Such texts postulate the necessity both to eliminate the ‘Other’ and to immediately achieve a set objective by way of taking on an active participative position. The latter to be implemented via the ‘speaking I’ replication mechanism, which is expressed through a call for readers to take on the image of the person speaking through the manifesto. Thus, the manifesto becomes both a tool for getting rid of an existing system incapable of satisfying the needs of an actor, and a tool for leveling political space. Manifesto texts demonstrate the monological basis expressed in the postulation of the necessity for action to uncompromisingly transform the world.