bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generic (Mod-7) Voice-Leading Spaces
Authors: Frederick Leah
Published: December 2019

This article constructs generic voice-leading spaces by combining geometric approaches to voice leading with diatonic set theory. Unlike the continuous mod-12 spaces developed by Callender, Quinn, and Tymoczko, these mod-7 spaces are fundamentally discrete. The mathematical properties of these spaces derive from the properties of diatonic pitch-class sets and generic pitch spaces developed by Clough and Hook. After presenting the construction of these voice-leading spaces and defining the OPTIC relations in mod-7 space, this article presents the mod-7 OPTIC-, OPTI-, OPT-, and OP-spaces of two- and three-note chords. The final section of the study shows that, although the discrete mod-7 versions of these lattices appear quite different from their continuous mod-12 counterparts, the topological space underlying each of these graphs depends solely on the number of notes in the chords and the particular OPTIC relations applied.
Shark pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Gabes: Inter-decadal inspection reveals management needs
Authors: SAIDI BÉCHIR , ENAJJAR SAMIRA , KARAA SAMI , ECHWIKHI KHALED , JRIBI IMED , BRADAI MOHAMED NEJMEDDINE
Published: December 2019

This study explores the status of exploited shark populations in the Gulf of Gabes in relation to fishing pressure, based on data pertaining to shark longline fishery, collected during two periods. Catch data from 48 and 96 pelagic longline sets collected, respectively, during 2007/2008 and 2016/2017, were used to compare species composition and catch rates between periods. Four species were recorded during 2007/2008, while 11 additional species of pelagic and demersal elasmobranchs along with teleosts were fished during 2016/2017. Elasmobranch species dominated the catches with 94% and 99.3% in terms of specimens number, respectively, during 2016/2017 and 2007/2008. The sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, was the predominant species in catch (>84% of all fishes) during both periods. Two other species of sharks, Carcharhinus brevipinna and Isurus oxyrinchus, were relatively common, while the other species were a minor component. Despite the increase in terms of diversity pertaining to species captured during 2016/2017, the nominal catch rates of elasmobranch and C. plumbeus decreased by 39.17% and 42.21%, respectively, suggesting populations’ declines. In addition, size distribution analyses revealed that this fishery may opportunistically operate on breeding and nursery areas, which affect main species over most of their life stages. The mortality and hooking location proportions were species-specific, with some species having significant percentages of live specimens at the time of haulback, providing an opportunity to release the sensitive life stages. Given the described state of shark exploitations in the Gulf of Gabes, urgent and efficient fishery regulation measures and conservation strategies, together with further investigations, are required to allow changing the unregulated shark longline fishery to a sustainable one.
Mesh sticking probability in fishing gear selectivity: Methodology and case study on Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) in the Mediterranean Sea creel fishery
Authors: BRČIĆ JURE , HERRMANN BENT , MAŠANOVIĆ MARINA , ŠIFNER SVJETLANA KRSTULOVIĆ , BARANOVIĆ MATEJA , ŠKELJO FRANE
Published: December 2019

Fish or crustaceans stuck in the fishing gear meshes can lead to operational problems in some fisheries and thereby affect theeconomic gain. However, mesh sticking probability has never been formally quantified as a part of the estimation of fishing gearsize selectivity. Therefore, this study developed a size selection model and estimation procedure that, besides the size dependentretention and escape probabilities, includes the size dependent mesh sticking probability. The new method was applied to quantify the size dependent retention, sticking and escape probabilities for mantis shrimp (Squilla mantis) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) in creels with 41 mm square mesh netting. The mesh sticking probability was found to display a bell-shaped curvature with a maximum value for a specific carapace length and decreasing probabilities for both smaller and bigger individuals. For mantis shrimp the maximum sticking probability was found for 32.5 mm carapace length with a value at 13.5%, while 63.1% and 23.4% of that size were respectively retained inside the creels and escaped. For Norway lobster the maximum sticking probabilitywas 2% and occurred for 34.0 mm carapace length. The method and estimation procedure presented in this study might be applicable for quantifying mesh sticking probability as an integral part of future fishing gear size selectivity studies on other speciesand fisheries.
Evaluating the historical sedimentation patterns in two different Mediterranean deep environments (Sardinia and Sicily Channels)
Authors: HASSEN NOUR EL HOUDA , REGUIGUI NAFAÂ , HELALI MOHAMED AMINE , MEJJAD NEZHA , LAISSAOUI ABDELMOURHIT , BENKDAD AZZOUZ , BENMASOUR MONCEF
Published: December 2019

The sediment accumulation rate in the Sardinia and Sicily channels in the central part of the Mediterranean Sea was studied by using short-lived radionuclides (210Pb and 137Cs) in two deep sediment cores. Different sedimentation regimes were identified indicating substantial differences in accumulation rates and historical patterns. The 210Pb-derived mean accumulation rate found in the Strait of Sardinia was 0.05 g.cm-2.y-1, lower than that in Sicily Channel (0.1 g.cm-2.y-1) suggesting an inverse correlation with water depth. Excess 210Pb inventories were 24 ± 1 and 6.0 ± 0.4 kBq.m-2, while the fluxes to the sediment were 745 ± 31 and 188 ± 11 Bq.m-2.y-1 in Sicily and Sardinia channels, respectively. 137Cs failed to use for the validation of the established chronologies, while its inventories found 450 Bq.m-2 and 355 Bq.m-2 in the Sicily and Sardinia channel, respectively.
Impact assessment of fish cages on coralligenous reefs through the use of the STAR sampling procedure
Authors: PIAZZI LUIGI , CECCHI ENRICO , CINTI MARIA FRANCESCA , STIPCICH PATRIZIA , CECCHERELLI GIULIA
Published: December 2019

The study aimed at contributing to the development of methods to assessing the effects of human disturbance on coralligenous reefs. The effects of the presence of a fish farm on coralligenous reefs were evaluated using the STAR (STAndaRdized coralligenous evaluation procedure) sampling procedure. An asymmetrical sampling design was used to compare the aquaculture site with two reference sites in areas unaffected by human pressure. The response of different ecological indices (ESCA, Ecological Status of Coralligenous Assemblages; ISLA, Integrated Sensitivity Level of coralligenous Assemblages; COARSE, COralligenous Assessment by Reef Scape Estimate) and descriptors (α-diversity, β-diversity and Sensitivity Level) of this kind of disturbance was compared. Results indicate that coralligenous reefs are vulnerable to aquaculture fish cages, and differences in the structure of coralligenous assemblages between the disturbed and the reference sites were mostly due to the decrease in β-diversity. On the contrary, no significant differences in the number of taxa/groups were highlighted. Encrusting Corallinales, erect Rhodophyta, Dictyotales, Fucales and Halimeda tuna were more abundant in reference sites than in disturbed site, while Peyssonnelia spp. and algal turfs had the opposite trend. Conversely, no significant differences between conditions were found in the abundance of sessile invertebrates. The study supports the suitability of the STAR approach to be employed in impact evaluation assessments, such as in monitoring programs. The present study is a first attempt to combine three different ecological indices (ESCA, ISLA and COARSE) within a unified approach, in order to assess the status of coralligenous reefs subjected to a moderate human-induced disturbance. The inconsistent response of the different indices highlights the advantage of applying different indices and descriptors to evaluate the variable human pressures on natural systems.
Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Forey Barbara A. , Coombs Katharine J. , Hamling Jan S. , Thornton Alison J.
Published: December 2019

Background: Some evidence suggests environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) might cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed available epidemiological data in never smokers.

Methods: We identified epidemiological studies providing estimates of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for various ETS exposure indices. Confounder-adjusted RRs for COPD were extracted, or derived using standard methods.

Meta-analyses were conducted for each exposure index, with tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. For the main index (spouse ever smoked or nearest equivalent), analyses investigated variation in RR by location, publication period, study type, sex, diagnosis, study size, confounder adjustment, never smoker definition, and exposure index definition.

Results: Twenty-eight relevant studies were identified; nine European or Middle Eastern, nine Asian, eight American and two from multiple countries. Five were prospective, seven case-control and 16 cross-sectional. The COPD definition involved death or hospitalisation in seven studies, GOLD stage 1+ criteria in twelve, and other definitions in nine. For the main index, random-effects meta-analysis of 33 heterogeneous (p<0.001) estimates gave a RR of 1.20 (95%CI 1.08-1.34). Higher estimates for females (1.59,1.16-2.19, n=11) than males (1.29,0.94-1.76, n=7) or sexes combined (1.10,0.99-1.22, n=15 where sex-specific not available), and lower estimates for studies of 150+ cases (1.08,0.97-1.20, n=13) partly explained the heterogeneity. Estimates were higher for Asian studies (1.34,1.08-1.67, n=10), case-control studies (1.55,1.04-2.32, n=8), and COPD mortality or hospitalisation (1.40,1.12-1.74, n=11). Some increase was seen for severer COPD (1.29,1.10-1.52, n=7). Dose-response evidence was heterogeneous. Evidence for childhood (0.88,0.72-1.07, n=2) and workplace (1.12,0.77-1.64, n=4) exposure was limited, but an increase was seen for overall adulthood exposure (1.20,1.03-1.39, n=17). We discuss study weaknesses that may bias estimation of the association of COPD with ETS.

Conclusions: Although the evidence suggests ETS increases COPD, study weaknesses and absence of well-designed large studies preclude reliable estimation of the effect. More definitive evidence is required.
VISCOSITY AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF LIQUID CuNiAl, CuNiAlCo, CuNiAlCoFe ALLOYS OF EQUIATOMIC COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Chikova Olga , Tsepelev Vladimir , V’yukhin Vladimir , Shmakova Kseniya , Il’in Vadim
Published: December 2019

We measured the resistivity of liquid CuNi, CuNiAl, CuNiAlCo, CuNiAlCoFe alloys of equiatomic compositions using the rotating magnetic field method to obtain information on their liquid structures. We saw the alloys of equiatomic composition as the high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The results discussed in framework of conception a microheterogeneous structure of a metallic melt. A conclusion is made about cause of modification of temperature dependence of resistivity of liquid HEAs due this microheterogeneous structure. All the investigated melts demonstrate the change in the temperature coefficient of the resistivity for heating and cooling. It was determining the temperature T* is the temperature of the changes the microheterogeneous structure of a metallic melt. The value of temperature T* for all alloys is 1500oC .The change in the temperature coefficient of the resistivity of the melts on heating to 1500oC we interpreted using the Nagel–Tauc model.
Contents
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: December 2019

Research papers

Technical papers
From Dark Helmet to Kylo Ren
Authors: Castleberry Garret
Published: December 2019

This essay examines the culture circulating around late twentieth century and early twenty-first century media franchising with special emphasis on the Star Wars film canon. It charts the emergence of fan studies as one way in which scholars may assess, investigate, and theorize about audience responses to film franchises like Star Wars. It places special emphasis on anti-fan behaviors, introducing the dualistic terms fascistic fandom and franchise fascism as ways to denote the increased intensity of industry practices and fan resistance. Ultimately, I contend that parodic entertainments like Mel Brooks's satirical sci-fi features Spaceballs use the lens of comedy to accurately predict the zealous movement of large Hollywood studios toward a franchise-based distribution model. Furthermore, Disney's acquisition and subsequent mass distribution of Star Wars as an inclusive and ongoing transmedia global franchise presents a twenty-first century case study in understanding franchise fascism as an important primer to anti-fan behaviors.
Assessment and management of common musculoskeletal injuries
Authors: Thomas Jonathan , Paynter Ann
Published: December 2019

Practice nurses should focus accurate patient assessment, say Jonathan Thomas and Ann Paynter
Fabrication and characterization of a binary diffractive lens for controlling focal distribution
Authors: Motogaito Atsushi , Iguchi Yosuke , Kato Shuji , Hiramatsu Kazumasa
Published: December 2019

We fabricated a binary diffractive lens to control focal distribution, such as intensity distribution, by controlling the focal length and depth of focus. The results revealed changes in the focal length and depth of focus as a function of changes in the ring zone interval

Δ

R

M

at the end of the lens. Similar results were obtained from experiments. The peak position on the optical axis shifts further away from the lens. The half-width in the propagation direction increases with the

Δ

R

M

. These results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the focal distribution using single flat lenses by changing the periodic structure.
Bidirectional tuning of whispering gallery modes in a silica microbubble infiltrated with magnetic fluids
Authors: Liu Yilun , Zhang Hao , Fan Miaosen , Liang Congzhou , Lei Jie
Published: December 2019

A bidirectional tuning mechanism of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in a capillary-based microbubble microresonator infiltrated with magnetic fluids (MFs) is investigated. Owing to distinct RI responses of MFs dependent on the applied magnetic field direction with respect to the capillary axis, the RI of MFs shows different variation trends when an external magnetic field is parallel or perpendicular to the capillary axis. Experimental results indicate that WGM resonance dips exhibit wavelength shift in inverse directions for the above two cases, which is in accordance with our theoretical analysis on different refractive variation behaviors of MFs. As the applied magnetic field is perpendicular or parallel to the capillary axis, the WGM resonance wavelength tuning sensitivities tend to be

−

15.01

p
m

/

m
T

and 6.3 pm/mT, respectively. Our proposed WGM tuning scheme has several desirable advantages, including bidirectional tunability, high Q-factor, ease of fabrication, and good compatibility with functional materials, making it a promising candidate in the field of magnetic field vector sensing and magnetically manipulated micro-optic devices.
Temperature accuracy and resolution improvement for a Raman distributed fiber-optics sensor by using the Rayleigh noise suppression method
Authors: Yan Baoqiang , Li Jian , Zhang Mingjiang , Xu Yang , Yu Tao , Zhang Jianzhong , Qiao Lijun , Wang Tao
Published: December 2019

A novel Rayleigh noise suppression method is proposed to improve temperature accuracy and resolution for Raman distributed fiber-optics sensors. The proposed temperature demodulation method can eliminate temperature measurement inaccuracy caused by Rayleigh noise. The experimental results indicate that the temperature accuracy is optimized from 6.2°C to 1.7°C at a sensing distance of 9.1 km by using the proposed method, and the temperature resolution leads to about 1.5°C improvement compared with the tradition demodulation method at a sensing distance of 10.0 km. The proposed method provides a robust and reliable high performance for long sensing ranges.
Modal instability suppression in a high-average-power and high-finesse Fabry–Perot cavity
Authors: Amoudry Loïc , Wang Huan , Cassou Kevin , Chiche Ronic , Dupraz Kevin , Martens Aurélien , Nutarelli Daniele , Soskov Viktor , Zomer Fabian
Published: December 2019

An experimental method to remove modal instabilities induced by thermoelastic deformation in optical high-finesse resonators is presented and experimentally investigated in this paper. The method is found suitable for multi-mirror folded monolithic and compact cavities, such as those used in the particle accelerator environment. It is also suitable for very high stacked average power. Here we demonstrate stable operation at the 200 kW intracavity average power.
Single-step 3D-printed integrated optical system and its implementation for a sensing application using digital light processing technology
Authors: Swargiary Kankan , Jarutatsanangkoon Pasit , Suwanich Pimpakan , Jolivot Romuald , Mohammed Waleed S.
Published: December 2019

This study proposes a single-step integrated optical fabrication scheme utilizing a 3D printer using digital light processing technology. Strong light confinement in the fabricated structure is realized through the introduction of an elevated (tower-shaped) waveguide in a transparent photosensitive resin (PX-8880). The fabrication is optimized to maximize light confinement through varying the dimensions of the guiding region and the tower structure. Benefiting from the surface roughness produced by the slicing process in the 3D printing (50 µm resolution), the fabricated structure was tested for vapor sensing. Obvious intensity dynamics have been reported due to the change of the optical scattering due to the presence of vapor as well as polymer vapor interaction. Though the reported response time is long, further optimization can lead to practical operation time.
Squint-looking differential synthetic aperture ladar: signal processing and experimental demonstration
Authors: Li Danyang , Wu Jin , Wan Lei , Wang Debin , Wu Tong , Ke Changjun
Published: December 2019

Squint-looking differential synthetic aperture ladar (DSAL) is reported with detailed signal processing mathematics and high-resolution experimental demonstrations. Based on the DSAL principle and standard squint-looking synthetic aperture radar theory, the data processing procedures on squint-looking DSAL image formation are obtained. The experimental DSAL setup, operating in “step-stop” strip map mode, adopts a frequency chirped laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm as the illuminating source and a specially designed random phase generator to introduce large common mode random phase error (RPE) into the phase history data of both receiving sub-apertures. High-resolution DSAL images of a cooperative target at a distance of 1.85 m and squint-looking angle of

−

10

∘

or

+

10

∘

are demonstrated. The DSAL images, with or without large RPE, are all well focused by straightforwardly following the given data processing steps. The result illustrates that the DSAL technique is robust in removing common mode phase errors in squint-looking configuration.
Optical OCDMA coding and 3D imaging technique for non-scanning full-waveform LiDAR system
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Su Jinshan , Hao Liting , Wang Yuanqing
Published: December 2019

Full-waveform LiDAR systems have been developed owing to their
superiority in terms of high precision and resolution. However,
further improving the imaging speed and resolution continues to be a
problem. In this study, we propose an optical orthogonal code division
multiple access (OCDMA) coding and 3D imaging technique, and a
non-scanning full-waveform LiDAR system is first demonstrated.
Encoding, multiplexing, and decoding are the essential modules of the
OCDMA LiDAR system, which use M detectors and N-bits code to achieve
high-accuracy decomposition for

M

×

N

pixels. In this paper, a complete 3D
imaging LiDAR system is introduced, and the implementation of encoding
and decoding is also illustrated. To prove that the technology is
scientific and effective, an imaging experiment is carried out. The
experimental result indicates that a system with only four avalanche
photodiodes (APDs) can achieve 256 pixels. Moreover, the vertical
resolution is about 1.8 cm and the range resolution is 15 cm at the
distance of  40 m.
Additive-color multi-harmonic generation microscopy for simultaneous label-free differentiation of plaques, tangles, and neuronal axons
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep , Chen Sheng-Tse , Hsiao Yang-Ting , Chiu Ming-Jang , Sun Chi-Kuang
Published: December 2019

Multicolor fluorescence imaging has been widely used by neuroscientists to simultaneously observe different neuropathological features of the brain. However, these optical modalities rely on exogenous labeling. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, a label-free additive-color multi-harmonic generation microscopy to elucidate, concurrently with different hues, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathological hallmarks: amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). By treating third harmonic generation (THG) and second harmonic generation (SHG) as two primary colors, our study can simultaneously label-free differentiate AD hallmarks by providing different additive colors between Aβ plaques, NFT, and neuronal axons, with weaker THG presentation from NFT in most places of the brain. Interestingly our pixel-based quantification and Pearson’s correlation results further corroborated these findings. Our proposed label-free technique fulfills the unmet challenge in the clinical histopathology for stain-free slide-free differential visualization of neurodegenerative disease pathologies, with a sub-femtoliter resolution in a single image field-of-view.
Variação anatómica: análise de caracteres nãométricos do esqueleto pós-craniano em escravos africanos dos séculos XV–XVII (Lagos, Portugal)
Authors: Antunes Sofia , Fagundes Leoni Lauricio , Wasterlain Sofia N. , Ferreira Maria Teresa
Published: December 2019

Em 2009, foram descobertos, em Lagos (Portugal), os esqueletos de 158 indivíduos inumados numa lixeira dos séculos XV–XVII. As condições de descarte dos indivíduos, o seu perfil biológico, as modificações intencionais dos seus dentes e o contexto histórico de Lagos suportam a hipótese de se ter tratado de escravos africanos. No presente estudo, pretendeuse avaliar a frequência de caracteres nãométricos nos esqueletos destes indivíduos, bem como diferenças entre sexos e lateralidades, de modo a identificar eventuais caracteres específicos desta amostra. Foram incluídos no estudo os 101 indivíduos adultos da coleção. Foram investigadas 29 variações anatómicas de oito pares de ossos do esqueleto pós-craniano (clavícula, escápula, úmero, rádio, ulna, fémur, patela e tíbia), das quais nove não foram encontradas. As restantes 20 foram registadas com frequências compreendidas entre 1,8% e 96,1%. Apenas um carácter (sulco costoclavicular) demonstrou diferenças significativas entre os dois sexos. As lateralidades revelaram-se diferentes em seis caracteres (chanfradura supraescapular, abertura septal, chanfradura troclear medial, fossa hipotrocanteriana, chanfradura do vasto external e faceta de agachamento lateral). Quando comparados com a literatura, os resultados obtidos não permitiram identificar qualquer carácter específico desta amostra populacional.
Epidemiology of thermotolerant Campylobacter infection in poultry in Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria
Authors: Njoga Emmanuel Okechukwu , Nwankwo Innocent Okwundu , Ugwunwarua Joel Chukwudi
Published: December 2019

Backgrond and Aim: Thermotolerant Campylobacter organisms (TCOs) are primary causes of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Although all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to colonization by TCOs, food-producing animals, especially poultry, are major reservoirs of the infection for transmission to humans. This epidemiological study for thermotolerant Campylobacter infection (TCI) in poultry was, therefore, conducted to determine the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of TCI in 60 randomly selected poultry farms in Nsukka agricultural zone.

Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the farmers' involvement in practices that may aggravate TCI in poultry farms. Isolation of TCOs for the determination of prevalence of the infection was done following standard microbiological protocol.

Results: The majority (93.3%) of the farms practiced intensive management system. Farm and individual prevalence of TCI were 78.3% and 19.4%, respectively. The prevalence of 15.7% and 23.6% was recorded for birds reared in urban and rural areas, respectively. Similarly, prevalence rates of 17.2%, 25%, 14.7%, and 24.5% were documented for broiler, layer, male, and female birds, respectively. Major risk factors of TCI found were non-sanitization of drinking water, rearing birds of different ages together, thinning, raising other animals alongside poultry, and overstocking.

Conclusion: Overall prevalence of 19.4% is high from public health and food safety points of view. Farmers' participation in the risk factors for TCI is massive. Significant improvement in biosecurity practices in poultry farms in the study area is therefore imperative; to limit TCI in poultry and hence the risk of human infection through the food chain or at the poultry-human interface.
Az ezredforduló pszichológiája II
Authors: Pléh Csaba
Published: December 2019

Az összefoglaló tanulmány azt elemzi, hogyan változott meg az utóbbi néhány évtizedben a pszichológiai kutatás mondanivalója és működésmódja. A pszichológia három magyarázati modellje, a neurális, az evolúciós és a társas modell új módon kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. Megjelenik a kidolgozott evolúciós pszichológia, mely  a társas életet és a társas magyarázatot is igyekszik bekebelezni.  Az evolúciós fejlődés felfogások pedig egyszerre helyezik el a mentális életet egy neuroszociális és egy kultúrára is kiterjesztett evolúciós modellben. Mindezt az innátista fejlődésfelfogások  finomodása révén  olyan pszichogenetika érvelések kísérik, melyek az univerzális és az egyéni különbségekkel foglalkozó gentika hagyományt egyesítik.
Great expectations: The Brexit moment in EU security and defence and the return of the capabilities–expectations gap
Authors: Martill Benjamin , Sus Monika
Published: December 2019

This article re-examines the capability–expectations gap in the European Union’s foreign policy in light of recent developments in this field. Our point of departure is the observation that the expectations being placed on the EU’s foreign and security capabilities in recent years have been steadily increasing, in response to a number of external and internal developments, including the Arab Spring, the Ukraine crisis and America’s ‘pivot’ to Asia, as well as the Brexit vote. We argue, however, that the institutional changes introduced as a result have not succeeded in fulfilling the lofty ambitions held of the Union either by itself or by other actors since they suffer from many of the same failings that have persistently bedevilled EU security initiatives. The result is a mismatch between the EU’s ambitions and its ability to deliver on these, which threatens to reopen the capabilities–expectations gap, which has been steadily declining since the late 1990s. Existing scholarly approaches have missed this problematic dynamic since they have focused more on the institutional changes (the supply side) rather than the increasing expectations (the demand side). While pronouncements regarding Europe’s ‘strategic autonomy’ and such like offer clear gains for European leaders in the short term, they may come back to haunt them in the years to come.
Bone fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Yalochkina Tatiana Olegovna , Belaya Janna Evgen'evna , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Yakovlevna , Antsiferov Michail Borisovich , Dzeranova Larisa Konstantinovna , Melnichenko Galina Afanas'evna
Published: December 2019

Aim. To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. We questioned 214 patients with T2DM from a single outpatient clinic located in Moscow to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for low-traumatic fractures, the duration of and complications from TD2M and HbA1c levels.Results. Of 214 patients, 65 reported low-traumatic bone fractures. Patients with a history of low-traumatic fractures reported falls in the previous year (28%), whereas only 13% of patients without fractures reported falls. The difference was statistically significant, with an odds ratio of 2.34 (1,144,76), P=0,022. Men reported fractures more frequently than women (43.3% vs. 24.7%, respectively, P = 0.01). Patients with bone fractures had a lower body mass index (P = 0.022); however, a multivariate analysis revealed that a history of falls and male sex were the most significant risk factors for fracture.Conclusion. Around 30% of patients with T2DM from a Moscow outpatient clinic reported bone fractures. The most significant risk factors for fracture were a history of falls in the previous year and male sex.

The article is the RePrint from the original article inDiabetes Mellitus (2016); 19(5) pp. 359-365. doi: 10.14341/DM7796
A necessidade de um currículo prescrito que garanta o direito à educação
Authors: García-Rubio Juan , Ponce Roberto Sanz
Published: December 2019

Este artigo aborda a importância do currículo prescrito como salvaguarda da qualidade educacional e, portanto, do direito à educação. Esse direito, reconhecido em inúmeros tratados nacionais e internacionais, é de grande importância para o indivíduo e para a sociedade e apresenta uma realidade de realização muito diferente em diferentes países, dependendo do contexto socioeconômico, político e cultural de cada um. um deles. Com base em uma ampla perspectiva desse direito, é necessária uma educação de qualidade, na qual todos os alunos adquiram aprendizados fundamentais. Nem todos os currículos prescritos pelo legislador estão em posição de garantir o direito à educação, pois existem alguns que não possuem elementos curriculares básicos e essenciais. Propomos a inclusão de um currículo básico em qualquer currículo prescrito como uma ferramenta útil para garantir o direito à educação para todos os alunos.
Use of Subsistence-Harvested Whale Carcasses by Polar Bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea
Authors: Lillie Kate M. , Gese Eric M. , Atwood Todd C. , Conner Mary M.
Published: December 2019

The availability of a food subsidy has the potential to influence the condition, behavior, fitness, and population dynamics of a species. Since the early 2000s, monitoring efforts along the coast of northern Alaska have indicated a higher proportion of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation coming onshore to feed on subsistence-harvested bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcasses during the fall and early winter seasons. Concurrently, Indigenous communities annually hunt bowhead whale and deposit the unused remains at localized “bone piles,” creating the potential for human-bear interactions. Our objective was to determine the annual number of polar bears feeding at the bone pile near Kaktovik, Alaska. Using a hair snag surrounding the bone pile, we collected hair samples to identify individual bears via microsatellite genotypes during 2011 – 14. We used capture-mark-recapture data in the POPAN open-population model to estimate the number of bears visiting the bone pile. We estimated that as many as 72 (SE = 9) and 76 (SE = 10) male and female polar bears, respectively, used the bone pile located at Kaktovik, Alaska, in 2012, which represents approximately 16% of the SB polar bear subpopulation. It will be important to monitor the number of bears using the bone pile and subsequent human-bear interactions and conflicts along the northern coast of Alaska, if sea ice continues to recede.
Title 01 FW 10
Authors: last name FW first name FW ,   Corporate name FW 10
Published: December 2019

Abstract 01 FW 10, 1p only
Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
Authors: He Siqi , Peng Tongjiang , Sun Hongjuan , Luo Dongshan , Xiao Qing , Geng Qian
Published: December 2019

In this research, ammonium chloride was used to calcine Ti-extraction blast furnace slag (EBFS) with the aim of removing iron from it. The influences of calcination temperature, ammonium chloride to EBFS mass ratio and particle size on the rates of iron removal were investigated. The results show that the rate of iron removal increased to almost 100% with increases in calcination temperature and the NH4Cl to EBFS mass ratio, but decreased with increases in particle size. Iron is removed in the form of ferric chloride gas, and ammonium chloride can be recycled by recrystallization after decomposition. The bagdasarrym model was used to describe the calcination process at temperatures below 261°C, which was controlled by nonisothermal crystallization. The reaction kinetic equation was obtained and the apparent activation energy of 67.21 kJ/mol. Ferric chloride reaction product existed in the calcined slag in an amorphous solid state. The shrinking core model was used to describe the calcination process at temperatures above 261°C, which was controlled by surface chemical reactions. The reaction kinetic equation was obtained and the apparent activation energy was found to be 42.05 kJ/mol.
The 2015 refugee crisis, uncertainty and the media: Representations of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in Austrian and French media
Authors: Gottlob Anita , Boomgaarden Hajo
Published: December 2019

Media coverage of migration and migrants can exert considerable influence on the public’s understanding of and attitudes towards migration. During the peak of what has been called ‘the refugee crisis’ in 2015, heated discussions about immigration and its possible impact filled the media landscape. This study focuses specifically on the news framing of insecurities regarding immigration, exploring what we have termed ‘uncertainty frames’ in the coverage of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants. This study will thus lend empirical support to a novel attempt to combine the concepts of uncertainty, risk, and framing. These frames were analyzed within French and Austrian media from 2015 to 2016. Drawing on a content analysis of tabloid and broadsheet articles, different types of uncertainty frames (economy, values, society, etc.) as well as different types of solution frames (the kind of solutions provided for the issue of immigration) were examined. Results suggest that even though all frames decrease in salience over time, important variations in different types of uncertainty frames do appear. It is argued that frames related to abstract issues seem to stay more salient throughout time in both countries.
Zur Funktion des Vortheoretischen bei Adorno
Authors: Ferencz-Flatz Christian
Published: December 2019

Pre-theoretical experience and the lifeworld are traditionally seen as a key reference for phenomenology. In the present paper I intend to point out their relevance for critical theory as well. To this extent, I start off with a brief overview of phenomenological approaches to pre-theoretical experience and their relationship to empirical research. In sketching out some of the overlaps between phenomenology and early critical theory in this regard, I then specifically focus on Adorno’s reflections concerning the role of an extended concept of experience in both his sociological and his philosophical work. Outlining Adorno’s methodological appropriation of “unregimented experience” in the guise of what he terms “physiognomic interpretation” – a procedure intended as a corrective to both rigorous empirical research and philosophical aprioric reasoning – I try to show wherein Adorno’s own approach to the pre-theoretical diverges from phenomenology. Finally, I conclude with some reflections concerning the different functions experience acquires in traditional phenomenology and critical theory.
Planning of Optimal Capacity for the Middle-Sized Storage Using a Mathematical Model
Authors: Kuľka Jozef , Mantič Martin , Kopas Melichar , Faltinová Eva , Siman Marián
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the issue of midsize businesses, their position within the association, and specifically determining the size and range of stocks in their ware-houses. A mathematical model is used and several examples explain the issue of calculating warehouse items.
Evaluation of cytogenotoxic potential of Morinda lucida leaf extract on Swiss albino male mice using two bioassays
Authors: Anifowoshe Abass Toba , Abdulkareem Adam Olaitan , Opeyemi Olufunke Adenike , Aina Ololade Matthew , Makanjuola Damilola Eyiyemi , Abel Joy Ojonugwa , Majolagbe Jubril Olamide , Babamale Olarewaju Abdulkareem
Published: December 2019

Background: Utilization of Morinda lucida for the treatment of ailments such as malaria, diarrhea, infertility in women, and dysentery in many countries including Nigeria is on increase due to its efficiency, availability, and affordability. However, its cytogenotoxicity has not been elucidated. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and possible genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of M. lucida leaf extract in Swiss albino male mice using bone marrow micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. Methods: Plant materials was collected, thoroughly washed, and air-dried at room temperature prior to maceration. The extract was assessed for the presence of the phytochemical compounds. Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus) (n=4) were treated with different concentrations of this extract (400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg) while distilled water was used as negative control. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract contains saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins. We observed micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of 3.20%, 1.10%, and 1.95% at different concentrations of 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg respectively in the treated animals. The result showed no significant increase in the frequency of abnormalities (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative control; however, in separate analysis of mono-micronucleated PCE and mono-micronucleated NCE per group, a significant increase at 400 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg concentrations was observed. The sperm anomalies decreased with increase in concentration. Conclusions: This study recommends 800 mg/kg concentration of the plant extract; however, it should be further and properly investigated as it contains some pharmaceutical components that can be used for pharmacological purposes.
Profile of sociodemographics, sources of infection, antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre, Indonesia
Authors: Dhini Ellyvina S. , Setiadi Antonius Adji P. , Wibowo Yosi I.
Published: December 2019

Background

The profile of patients with HIV/AIDS is required to develop appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programs in Indonesia. Turen is one of the four sub-districts with the highest number of patients with HIV/AIDS in Malang District, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the sociodemographic profile, sources of infection, use of antiretrovirals and CD4 counts on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen Primary Health Centre (PHC).

Methods

The sociodemographic data, antiretroviral use, and CD4 counts were obtained from medical records on HIV/AIDS outpatients in Turen PHC. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews was used to explore the source of infection. Descriptive analysis was used to summarise the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data derived from interviews.

Results

A total of 45 HIV/AIDS outpatient medical records were reviewed. Of those, the majority were females (57.8%), ages 26–35 years (51.1%), married (55.6%) and having income less than 2 million rupiah (73.3%). All of them used a combination of antiretroviral therapy from two classes of antiretrovirals, i.e. nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor; the majority were treated with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir-lamifudin-efavirenz. The CD4 counts data were obtained from 31 patients with an average number of 282 cells/mm3. The qualitative data from interviews with 15 patients revealed that the source of infection was from husband, unsafe/unprotected sex and blood donor.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among young married women and poor control of the disease in Indonesia warrants further considerations. The government should work together with all related stakeholders in raising awareness of HIV/AIDS, particularly among women, as well as improving treatment and support for people living with HIV/AIDS.
Molecular docking of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R mutant EGFR inhibitor
Authors: Pratama Mohammad Rizki Fadhil , Poerwono Hadi , Siswodihardjo Siswandono
Published: December 2019

Background

Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein’s member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Overexpression of EGFR itself is known to be one of the causes of other cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, it is possible that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives can also inhibit the overexpression of EGFR in NSCLC. In the case of NSCLC, mutations of EGFR are often found in several amino acids, such as L858R, T790M, and V948R. This study aimed to determine the potential of 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as an inhibitor of wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR.

Methods

Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 on both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR. Parameters observed, consisted of free energy of binding (ΔG) and amino acid interactions of each ligand.

Results

Docking results showed that all 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives showed a lower ΔG for both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR, with the lowest ΔG shown by 4-methyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin and 4-trifluoromethyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin. Both the ligands have the similarity of interacting amino acids compared to reference ligands between 76.47 and 88.24%. Specifically, the ΔG of all test ligands was lower in mutant EGFR than in the wild type, which indicates the potential of the ligand as EGFR inhibitors where a mutation to EGFR occurs.

Conclusions

These results confirm that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives have the potential to inhibit EGFR in both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant.
o-Hydroxycinnamic derivatives as prospective anti-platelet candidates:in silicopharmacokinetic screening and evaluation of their binding sites on COX-1 and P2Y12receptors
Authors: Nofianti Kholis Amalia , Ekowati Juni
Published: December 2019

Background

The high prevalence of thrombotic abnormalities has become a major concern in the health sector. This is triggered by uncontrolled platelet aggregation, which causes complications and death. The problem becomes more complicated because of the undesirable side effects of the drugs currently in use, some of which have reportedly become resistant. This study aims to evaluate the potency ofo-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (OCA1a–22a) and their pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity for them to be developed as new antiplatelet candidates.

Methods

In silicoanalysis of pharmacokinetics was carried out using pKCSM. Molecular docking of the compounds OCA 1a–22a was performed using the Molegro Virtual Docker.In silicoevaluation of the potency of biological activity was done by measuring the bonding energy of each tested compound to the target receptor i.e. COX-1 and P2Y12, as the Moldock score (MDS).

Results

pKCSM analyses showed that more than 90% of OCA 1a–22a are absorbed through the intestine and distributed in plasma. Most tested compounds are not hepatotoxic, and none is mutagenic. An evaluation of the COX-1 receptor showed that OCA 2a–22a have lower binding energy compared to aspirin, which is the COX-1 inhibitor used today. So, it can be predicted that OCA 2–22a have stronger activity. Interactions with P2Y12show lower MDS than aspirin, but slightly higher than ibuprofen, which is the standard ligand.

Conclusions

ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile prediction shows that OCA 1a–22a have the potential to be developed as oral preparations. OCA 1a–22a have strong potential to interact with COX-1 and P2Y12receptors, so they are prospective anti-platelet candidates.
Factors affecting community pharmacist’s service for women with chronic diseases during pregnancy and breastfeeding: application of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Anggraini Septi , Utami Wahyu , Zairina Elida
Published: December 2019

Background

Pharmacists are known as health care professionals who are responsible for the safety and efficacy of medicine to achieve optimal therapeutic results. Community pharmacists have an opportunity to provide direct services including giving an active medication information service in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the practice of community pharmacists for actively giving the drug information service for women with chronic diseases during pregnancy and breastfeeding based on the Health Belief Model.

Methods

About 300 community pharmacists were randomly chosen to participate in the study. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires that were designed based on the theory of the Health Belief Models. The questionnaires measured the community pharmacists’ knowledge, beliefs, cues to action, and practice for actively giving medication information services.

Results

About 267 pharmacists in the community agreed to participate in this study. Nearly 80% of the participants were female pharmacists (n = 213). The results show that pharmacists’ knowledge had significant influences towards perceived threat (p = 0.009), perceived benefit (p = 0.011), and pharmacists’ self-efficacy (p < 0.001). The self-efficacy factor was the most influential factor in the practice of pharmacists to give medication information service actively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of the study indicate that self-efficacy is the most important factor for pharmacist to be able to provide the medication information services successfully particularly in women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Providing continuous learning programs through seminars and training related to medication use during pregnancy and breastfeeding to pharmacists is needed to optimise the confidence and the ability of pharmacists in providing the services.
Recovering differential operators with two constant delays under Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Vojvodic Biljana M. , Vladicic Vladimir M.
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with non-self-adjoint differential operators with two constant delays
generated by

-

y
′′

+

q
1

⁢

(
x
)

⁢
y
⁢

(

x
-

τ
1

)

+

(

-
1

)

i

⁢

q
2

⁢

(
x
)

⁢
y
⁢

(

x
-

τ
2

)

{-y^{\prime\prime}+q_{1}(x)y(x-\tau_{1})+(-1)^{i}q_{2}(x)y(x-\tau_{2})}

, where

π
3

≤

τ
2

<

π
2

<

2
⁢

τ
2

≤

τ
1

<
π

{\frac{\pi}{3}\leq\tau_{2}<\frac{\pi}{2}<2\tau_{2}\leq\tau_{1}<\pi}

and potentials

q
j

{q_{j}}

are real-valued functions,

q
j

∈

L
2

⁢

[
0
,
π
]

{q_{j}\in L^{2}[0,\pi]}

. We will prove that the delays and the potentials are uniquely determined from the spectra of four boundary value problems: two of them under boundary conditions

y
⁢

(
0
)

=

y
⁢

(
π
)

=
0

{y(0)=y(\pi)=0}

and the remaining two under boundary conditions

y
⁢

(
0
)

=

y
′

⁢

(
π
)

=
0

{y(0)=y^{\prime}(\pi)=0}

.