bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albania
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: October 2019

In response to a request from the Bank of Albania (BOA) and with the support of
the IMF’s European Department, a monetary and financial statistics (MFS) and financial
accounts technical assistance (TA) mission visited Albania during April 15–26, 2019.1 The
main objectives of the mission were to work with the staff of the BOA on (i) compiling and
disseminating flow-based MFS for the central bank, other depository corporations (ODCs), and
other financial corporations (OFCs); (ii) compiling and disseminating quarterly financial accounts
by institutional sectors; and (iii) developing a from-whom/to-whom matrix for financial
instruments. The mission also worked with the Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) to explore its
current compilation of, and future plans for, sectoral current and capital accounts.
Rate enhancement in collisions of sulfuric acid molecules due to long-range intermolecular forces
Authors: Halonen Roope , Zapadinsky Evgeni , Kurtén Theo , Vehkamäki Hanna , Reischl Bernhard
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Collisions of molecules and clusters play a key role in determining the rate of atmospheric new particle formation and growth. Traditionally the statistics of these collisions are taken from kinetic gas theory assuming spherical noninteracting particles, which may significantly underestimate the collision coefficients for most atmospherically relevant molecules. Such systematic errors in predicted new particle formation rates will also affect large-scale climate models.
We studied the statistics of collisions of sulfuric acid molecules in a vacuum using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the effective collision cross section of the H2SO4 molecule, as described by an optimized potentials for liquid simulation (OPLS). OPLS all-atom force field, is significantly larger than the hard-sphere diameter assigned to the molecule based on the liquid density of sulfuric acid. As a consequence, the actual collision coefficient is enhanced by a factor of 2.2 at 300 K compared with kinetic gas theory. This enhancement factor obtained from atomistic simulation is consistent with the discrepancy observed between experimental formation rates of clusters containing sulfuric acid and calculated formation rates using hard-sphere kinetics. We find reasonable agreement with an enhancement factor calculated from the Langevin model of capture, based on the attractive part of the atomistic intermolecular potential of mean force.
Relative-humidity-dependent organic aerosol thermodynamics via an efficient reduced-complexity model
Authors: Gorkowski Kyle , Preston Thomas C. , Zuend Andreas
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Water plays an essential role in aerosol chemistry, gas–particle partitioning, and particle viscosity, but it is typically omitted in thermodynamic models describing the mixing within organic aerosol phases and the partitioning of semivolatile organics.
In this study, we introduce the Binary Activity Thermodynamics (BAT) model, a water-sensitive reduced-complexity model treating the nonideal mixing of water and organics.
The BAT model can process different levels of physicochemical mixture information enabling its application in the thermodynamic aerosol treatment within chemical transport models, the evaluation of humidity effects in environmental chamber studies, and the analysis of field observations.
It is capable of using organic structure information including O:C, H:C, molar mass, and vapor pressure, which can be derived from identified compounds or estimated from bulk aerosol properties.
A key feature of the BAT model is predicting the extent of liquid–liquid phase separation occurring within aqueous mixtures containing hydrophobic organics.
This is crucial to simulating the abrupt change in water uptake behavior of moderately hygroscopic organics at high relative humidity, which is essential for capturing the correct behavior of organic aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei.
For gas–particle partitioning predictions, we complement a volatility basis set (VBS) approach with the BAT model to account for nonideality and liquid–liquid equilibrium effects.
To improve the computational efficiency of this approach, we trained two neural networks; the first for the prediction of aerosol water content at given relative humidity, and the second for the partitioning of semivolatile components.
The integrated VBS + BAT model is benchmarked against high-fidelity molecular-level gas–particle equilibrium calculations based on the AIOMFAC (Aerosol Inorganic-Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficient) model.
Organic aerosol systems derived from α-pinene or isoprene oxidation are used for comparison. Predicted organic mass concentrations agree within less than a 5 % error in the isoprene case, which is a significant improvement over a traditional VBS implementation.
In the case of the α-pinene system, the error is less than 2 % up to a relative humidity of 94 %, with larger errors past that point.
The goal of the BAT model is to represent the bulk O:C and molar mass dependencies of a wide range of water–organic mixtures to a reasonable degree of accuracy.
In this context, we discuss that the reduced-complexity effort may be poor at representing a specific binary water–organic mixture perfectly.
However, the averaging effects of our reduced-complexity model become more representative when the mixture diversity increases in terms of organic functionality and number of components.
Understanding the evolution of nuclear waste repositories by performing appropriate experiments – selected investigations at Mont Terri rock laboratory
Authors: Schuster Kristof , Furche Markus , Shao Hua , Hesser Jürgen , Hertzsch Jan-Martin , Gräsle Werner , Rebscher Dorothee
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Any site selection process for a final repository for
high-level and heat producing radioactive waste is a national challenge and
has to take into account, among others, regional geological settings. In
Germany, the site selection has to restart from zero, and all potential host
rocks have to be considered equal, including argillaceous rocks. Therefore,
the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) performs
appropriate experiments in the Swiss Mont Terri rock laboratory, which is
located in the Jurassic Opalinus Clay. In this paper, activities and results
from actual and still ongoing experiments, with participation of BGR, are
presented exemplarily. All experiments aim for a contribution to understand
particular aspects regarding the behaviour of underground facilities, BGR's
focus lies mainly on aspects of the early lifetime of a repository, namely
the construction, post-closure transient, and partly post-closure
equilibrium phases. It is obvious that for a full understanding of the
evolution of a final repository, knowledge and experience of many different
groups, their studies and results covering all aspects, have to be included.
In this paper, we can only emphasise a few representative examples on
geophysical and geotechnical in-situ site investigations, geotechnical
mine-by monitoring, laboratory investigations, and modelling aspects. The
combined interpretation of these results enhance interpretations and is a
prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of a repository.
Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake
Authors: Delwiche Kyle , Gu Junyao , Hemond Harold , Preheim Sarah P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Bubbles adsorb and transport particulate matter both in industrial and marine systems. While methane-containing bubbles emitted from anoxic sediments are found extensively in aquatic ecosystems, relatively little attention has been paid to the possibility that such bubbles transport particle-associated chemical or biological material from sediments to surface waters of freshwater lakes. We quantified transport of particulate material from sediments to the surface by bubbles in Upper Mystic Lake, MA and in a 15 m tall experimental column. Vertical particle transport was positively correlated with the volume of gas bubbles released from the sediment. Particles transported by bubbles originated almost entirely in the sediment, rather than being scavenged from the water column. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, lead, and cyanobacterial cells in bubble-transported particulate material were similar to those of bulk sediment, and particles were transported from depths exceeding 15 m, resulting in daily fluxes as large as 0.005 µmol of arsenic m−2 and 4 × 104 cyanobacterial cells m−2 in the strongly stratified Upper Mystic Lake. While bubble-facilitated arsenic transport currently appears to be a modest component of total arsenic cycling in this lake, bubble-facilitated cyanobacterial transport could comprise as much as 17 % of recruitment in this lake and may thus be of particular importance in large, deep, stratified lakes.
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bio-irrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Authors: De Borger Emil , Tiano Justin , Braeckman Ulrike , Ysebaert Tom , Soetaert Karline
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Bio-irrigation, the exchange of solutes between overlying water and sediment by benthic organisms, plays an important role in sediment biogeochemistry. Quantification of bio-irrigation is done either through measurements with tracers, or more recently, using biological traits to derive the community (bio-) irrigation potential (IPc). Both these techniques were applied in a seasonal study of bio-irrigation in species communities of subtidal and intertidal habitats in a temperate estuary. A tracer time series with high-temporal resolution allowed to simultaneously estimate the pumping rate, and the sediment attenuation, a parameter that determines irrigation depth. We show that although the total pumping rate is similar in both intertidal and subtidal areas, there is deeper bio-irrigation in intertidal areas. This is explained by higher densities of bio-irrigators such as Corophium sp., Heteromastus filiformis and Arenicola marina in the intertidal, as opposed to the subtidal. The IPc correlated more strongly with the attenuation coefficient than the pumping rate, which highlights that this index reflects more the bio-irrigation depth rather than the rate.
EstSoil-EH v1.0: An eco-hydrological modelling parameters dataset derived from the Soil Mapof Estonia
Authors: Kmoch Alexander , Kanal Arno , Astover Alar , Kull Ain , Virro Holger , Helm Aveliina , Pärtel Meelis , Ostonen Ivika , Uuemaa Evelyn
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Soil Map of Estonia is a vector dataset that maps more than 750 000 soil units throughout Estonia at a scale of 1:10 000. It is the most detailed and information-rich dataset for soils in Estonia, a Baltic country with an area of approximately 45 000 km2. For each soil unit, it describes the soil type, quality, texture, and layer information with a series of complex text codes. However, to use it as an input for numerical modelling using process-based physical models, these text codes must be translated into numbers. Various generalisations and aggregations for agricultural soils for less-detailed versions of the map have been made at a scale of 1:100 000 and 1:200 000. In this study, we create an extended eco-hydrological dataset for Estonia, the EstSoil-EH v1.0 (Kmoch et al., 2019a; https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3473290), containing derived numerical values for the following data in all of the mapped soil units in the 1:10 000 soil map: soil profiles (e.g., layers, depths), texture (clay, silt, sand components), coarse fragments and rock content, and physical variables related to water and carbon (bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, organic carbon content). Ultimately, our objective was to develop a reproducible method for deriving numerical values to support modelling and prediction of eco-hydrological processes in Estonia using the popular Soil and Water Assessment Tool. The developed methodology and dataset will be an important resource for the Baltic region. Countries like Lithuania and Latvia have similar historical soil records from the Soviet era that could be turned into value-added datasets such as the one we developed for Estonia.
Implementation of Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere model version 1.0 into GEOS-Chem version 12.0.0: a tool for biosphere-chemistry interactions
Authors: Lei Yadong , Yue Xu , Liao Hong , Gong Cheng , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric chemistry interact through multiple feedbacks, but the models of vegetation and chemistry are developed separately. In this study, the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs) model, a dynamic vegetation model with biogeochemical processes, is implemented into the Chemical Transport Model GEOS-Chem version 12.0.0. Within the GC-YIBs framework, leaf area index (LAI) and canopy stomatal conductance dynamically predicted by YIBs are used for dry deposition calculation in GEOS-Chem. In turn, the simulated surface ozone (O3) by GEOS-Chem affect plant photosynthesis and biophysics in YIBs. The updated stomatal conductance and LAI improve the simulated daytime O3 dry deposition velocity for major tree species. Compared with the GEOS-Chem model, the model-to-observation correlation for dry deposition velocities increases from 0.76 to 0.85 while the normalized mean error decreases from 35 % to 27 % using the GC-YIBs model. Furthermore, we quantify O3 vegetation damaging effects and find a global reduction of annual gross primary productivity by 2–5 %, with regional extremes of 11–15 % in the eastern U.S. and eastern China. The online GC-YIBs model provides a useful tool for discerning the complex feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial biosphere under global change.
Assessing the impacts of reservoirs on downstream flood frequency by coupling the effect of scheduling-related multivariate rainfall with an indicator of reservoir effects
Authors: Xiong Bin , Xiong Lihua , Xia Jun , Xu Chong-Yu , Jiang Cong , Du Tao
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Many studies have shown that downstream flood regimes have been
significantly altered by upstream reservoir operation. Reservoir effects on
the downstream flow regime are normally performed by comparing the pre-dam
and post-dam frequencies of certain streamflow indicators, such as floods
and droughts. In this study, a rainfall–reservoir composite index (RRCI) is
developed to precisely quantify reservoir impacts on downstream flood
frequency under a framework of a covariate-based nonstationary flood
frequency analysis using the Bayesian inference method. The RRCI is derived
from a combination of both a reservoir index (RI) for measuring the effects
of reservoir storage capacity and a rainfall index. More precisely, the
OR joint (the type of possible joint events based on the OR operator) exceedance probability (OR-JEP) of certain scheduling-related
variables selected out of five variables that describe the multiday
antecedent rainfall input (MARI) is used to measure the effects of
antecedent rainfall on reservoir operation. Then, the RI-dependent or
RRCI-dependent distribution parameters and five distributions, the gamma,
Weibull, lognormal, Gumbel, and generalized extreme value, are used to
analyze the annual maximum daily flow (AMDF) of the Ankang, Huangjiagang,
and Huangzhuang gauging stations of the Han River, China. A phenomenon
is observed in which although most of the floods that peak downstream of
reservoirs have been reduced in magnitude by upstream reservoirs, some
relatively large flood events have still occurred, such as at the
Huangzhuang station in 1983. The results of nonstationary flood frequency
analysis show that, in comparison to the RI, the RRCI that combines both the
RI and the OR-JEP resulted in a much better explanation for such phenomena of
flood occurrences downstream of reservoirs. A Bayesian inference of the
100-year return level of the AMDF shows that the optimal RRCI-dependent
distribution, compared to the RI-dependent one, results in relatively
smaller estimated values. However, exceptions exist due to some low
OR-JEP values. In addition, it provides a smaller uncertainty range. This
study highlights the necessity of including antecedent rainfall effects, in
addition to the effects of reservoir storage capacity, on reservoir
operation to assess the reservoir effects on downstream flood frequency.
This analysis can provide a more comprehensive approach for downstream flood
risk management under the impacts of reservoirs.
Future shifts in extreme flow regimes in Alpine regions
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Farinotti Daniel , Zekollari Harry , Huss Matthias , Zappa Massimiliano
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Extreme low and high flows can have negative economic, social, and ecological effects and are expected to become more severe in many regions due to climate change. Besides low and high flows, the whole flow regime, i.e., annual hydrograph comprised of monthly mean flows, is subject to changes. Knowledge on future changes in flow regimes is important since regimes contain information on both extremes and conditions prior to the dry and wet seasons. Changes in individual low- and high-flow characteristics as well as flow regimes under mean conditions have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, little is known about changes in extreme flow regimes. We here propose two methods for the estimation of extreme flow regimes and apply them to simulated discharge time series for future climate conditions in Switzerland. The first method relies on frequency analysis performed on annual flow duration curves. The second approach performs frequency analysis of the discharge sums of a large set of stochastically generated annual hydrographs. Both approaches were found to produce similar 100-year regime estimates when applied to a data set of 19 hydrological regions in Switzerland. Our results show that changes in both extreme low- and high-flow regimes for rainfall-dominated regions are distinct from those in melt-dominated regions. In rainfall-dominated regions, the minimum discharge of low-flow regimes decreases by up to 50 %, whilst the reduction is 25 % for high-flow regimes. In contrast, the maximum discharge of low- and high-flow regimes increases by up to 50 %. In melt-dominated regions, the changes point in the other direction than those in rainfall-dominated regions. The minimum and maximum discharges of extreme regimes increase by up to 100 % and decrease by less than 50 %, respectively. Our findings provide guidance in water resource planning and management and the extreme regime estimates are a valuable basis for climate impact studies. Highlights
Estimation of 100-year low- and high-flow regimes using annual flow duration curves and stochastically simulated discharge time series Both mean and extreme regimes will change under future climate conditions. The minimum discharge of extreme regimes will decrease in rainfall-dominated regions but increase in melt-dominated regions. The maximum discharge of extreme regimes will increase and decrease in rainfall-dominated and melt-dominated regions, respectively.
Effects of friction models on simulation of pneumatic cylinder
Authors: Tran Xuan Bo , Nguyen Van Lai , Tran Khanh Duong
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study examines effects of three friction models: a
steady-state friction model (SS model), the LuGre model (LG model), and the
revised LuGre model (RLG model) on the motion simulation accuracy of a
pneumatic cylinder. An experimental set-up of an electro-pneumatic servo
system is built, and characteristics of the piston position, the pressures
in the two-cylinder chambers and the friction force are measured and
calculated under different control inputs to the proportional flow control
valves. Mathematical model of the electro-pneumatic servo system is derived,
and simulations are carried out under the same conditions as the
experiments. Comparisons between measured characteristics and simulated ones
show that the RLG model can give the best agreement among the three friction
models while the LG model can only simulate partly the stick-slip motion of
the piston at low velocities. The comparison results also show that the SS
model used in this study is unable to simulate the stick-slip motion as well
as creates much oscillations in the friction force characteristics at low
velocities.
Numerical modeling using an elastoplastic-adhesive discrete element code for simulating hillslope debris flows and calibration against field experiments
Authors: Albaba Adel , Schwarz Massimiliano , Wendeler Corinna , Loup Bernard , Dorren Luuk
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a discrete-element-based elastoplastic-adhesive model which is adapted and tested for producing hillslope debris flows. The numerical model produces three phases of particle contacts: elastic, plastic and adhesive. A parametric study was conducted investigating the effect of model parameters and inclination angle on flow height, velocity and pressure, in order to define the most sensitive parameters to calibrate. The model capabilities of simulating different types of cohesive granular flows were tested with different ranges of flow velocities and heights. The basic model parameters, the microscopic basal friction (ϕb) and ratio between stiffness parameters k1/k2, were calibrated using field experiments of hillslope debris flows impacting a pressure-measuring sensor. Simulations of 50 m3 of material were carried out on a channelized surface that is 41 m long and 8 m wide. The calibration process was based on measurements of flow height, flow velocity and the pressure applied to a sensor. Results of the numerical model matched those of the field data in terms of pressure and flow velocity well while less agreement was observed for flow height. Those discrepancies in results were due in part to the deposition of material in the field test, which is not reproducible in the model. Results of best-fit model parameters against selected experimental tests suggested that a link might exist between the model parameters ϕb and k1/k2 and the initial conditions of the tested granular material (bulk density and water and fine contents). The good performance of the model against the full-scale field experiments encourages further investigation by conducting lab-scale experiments with detailed variation in water and fine content to better understand their link to the model's parameters.
“We can help ourselves”: does community resilience buffer against the negative impact of flooding on mental health?
Authors: Masson Torsten , Bamberg Sebastian , Stricker Michael , Heidenreich Anna
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Empirical evidence of the relationship between social support and
post-disaster mental health provides support for a general beneficial effect
of social support (main-effect model; Wheaton, 1985). From a theoretical
perspective, a buffering effect of social support on the negative
relationship between disaster-related stress and mental health also seems
plausible (stress-buffering model; Wheaton, 1985). Previous studies, however, (a) have
paid less attention to the buffering effect of social support and (b) have mainly relied on interpersonal support (but not collective-level
support such as community resilience) when investigating this issue. This previous
work might have underestimated the effect of support on post-disaster mental
health. Building on a sample of residents in Germany recently affected by
flooding (N=118), we show that community resilience to flooding (but not
general interpersonal social support) buffered against the negative effects
of flooding on post-disaster mental health. The results support the
stress-buffering model and call for a more detailed look at the relationship
between support and resilience and post-disaster adjustment, including
collective-level variables.
Order of operation for multi-stage post-processing of ensemble wind forecast trajectories
Authors: Schuhen Nina
Published: October 2019

Abstract. With numerical weather prediction ensembles unable to produce sufficiently calibrated forecasts, statistical post-processing is needed to correct deterministic and probabilistic biases. Over the past decades, a number of methods addressing this issue have been proposed, with ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) among the most popular. They are able to produce skillful deterministic and probabilistic forecasts for a wide range of applications. These methods are usually applied to the newest model run as soon as it finished, before the entire forecast trajectory is issued. RAFT (rapid adjustment of forecast trajectories), a recently proposed novel approach, aims to improve these forecasts even further, utilizing the error correlation patterns between lead times. As soon as the first forecasts are verified, we start updating the remainder of the trajectory based on the newly gathered error information. As RAFT works particularly well in conjunction with other post-processing methods like EMOS and techniques designed to reconstruct the multivariate dependency structure like ensemble copula coupling (ECC), we look to identify the optimal combination of these methods. In our study, we apply multi-stage post-processing to wind speed forecasts from the UK Met Office's convective-scale MOGREPS-UK ensemble and analyze results for short-range forecasts at a number of sites in the UK and the Republic of Ireland.
The acid sulfate zone and the mineral alteration styles of the Roman Puteoli (Neapolitan area, Italy): clues on fluid fracturing progression at the Campi Flegrei volcano
Authors: Piochi Monica , Mormone Angela , Strauss Harald , Balassone Giuseppina
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Active fumarolic solfataric zones represent important
structures of dormant volcanoes, but unlike emitted fluids, their
mineralizations are omitted in the usual monitoring activity. This is the
case of the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy, among the most hazardous and
best-monitored explosive volcanoes in the world, where the landscape of
Puteoli is characterized by an acid sulfate alteration that has been active at
least since Roman time. This paper provides temperature, mineralogical,
textural, compositional and stable isotope data for those solfataric
terrains sampled at the crater and Pisciarelli slope of the Solfatara
volcano between 2013 and 2019. Temperatures vary between 40 and
95 ∘C. Minerals include alunite with grain sizes generally larger
than 20 µm, alunogen, native sulfur, well-ordered kaolinite, and,
common at Pisciarelli, pyrite, illite and NH4 sulfates. Sulfate
terrains have higher contents of Ti, Ba, Au, As, Hg and Tl relative to their
parent substrate. The Pisciarelli slope is anomalous in terms of the
presence of NH4. δ34S values for sulfides and native S
range between −3.00 ‰ and 0.49 ‰ and from −4.42 ‰ to 0.80 ‰, respectively. Sulfates show δ34S and
δ18O values in the range of −2.78 ‰ to 2.09 ‰ and between 4.60 ‰ and 31.33 ‰,
respectively. The style of mineralization and the stable isotope
geochemistry do produce complex and not completely consistent
classifications and genetic constraints. We merge our data with
volcanological information, data from exploration drillings and geophysical
results. With the conceptual model, we suggest a series of shallow and deep
aquifers interconnected like “communicating vessels” through a main fault
system that downthrows Solfatara with respect to Pisciarelli. Fluid outflow
from the different discrete aquifers hosted in sediments – and possibly
bearing organic imprints – is the main dataset that allows determination of
the steam-heated environment with a supergene setting superimposed.
Supergene conditions and high-sulfidation relicts, together with the narrow
sulfate alteration zone buried under the youngest volcanic deposits, point
to the existence of an evolving paleo-conduit. The data will contribute to
monitoring and evaluating the volcanic hazards.
On the self-regulating effect of grain size evolution in mantle convection models: Application to thermo-chemical piles
Authors: Schierjott Jana , Rozel Antoine , Tackley Paul
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Seismic studies show two antipodal regions of lower shear velocity at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) called Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs). They are thought to be thermally and chemically distinct, and therefore might have a different density and viscosity than the ambient mantle. Employing a composite rheology, using both diffusion and dislocation creep, we investigate the influence of grain size evolution on the dynamics of thermo-chemical piles in evolutionary geodynamic models. We consider a primordial layer and a time-dependent basalt production at the surface to dynamically form the present-day chemical heterogeneities, similar to earlier studies, e.g., by Nakagawa and Tackley (2014). We perform a parameter study which includes different densities and viscosities of the imposed primordial layer. Further, we test the influence of yield stress and parameters of the grain size evolution equation on the dynamics of piles and their interaction with the ambient mantle. Our results show that, relative to the ambient mantle, grain size is higher inside the piles, but due to the large temperature at the CMB, the viscosity is not remarkably different from ambient mantle viscosity. We further find, that although the average viscosity of the detected piles is buffered by both grain size and temperature, grain size dominates the viscosity development. However, depending on the convection regime, in the ambient mantle, viscosity can be dominated by temperature. All pile properties, except for temperature, show a self-regulating behaviour: although grain size, density and viscosity decrease when downwellings or overturns occur, these properties quickly recover and return to values prior to the downwelling. We compute the necessary recovery time and find, that it takes approximately 400 Myr for the properties to recover after a resurfacing event. Extrapolating to Earth-values, we estimate a much smaller recovery time. We observe that dynamic recrystallisation counteracts grain growth in the piles when the lithosphere is weakened and forms downwellings. Venus-type resurfacing episodes reduce the grain size in piles and ambient mantle to few millimetres. More continuous mobile-lid type downwellings limit the grain size to a centimetre. Consequently, we find that grain size-dependent viscosity does not increase the resistance of thermo-chemical piles to downgoing slabs. Mostly, piles deform in grain size- sensitive diffusion creep but they are not stiff enough to counteract the force of downwellings. Hence, we conclude that the location of subduction zones could be responsible for the location and stability of the thermo-chemical piles of the Earth because of dynamic recrystallisation.
Thermokarst lake development in syngenetic ice-wedge polygon terrain in the Eastern Canadian Arctic (Bylot Island, Nunavut)
Authors: Bouchard Frédéric , Fortier Daniel , Paquette Michel , Boucher Vincent , Pienitz Reinhard , Laurion Isabelle
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Thermokarst lakes are widespread and diverse across permafrost regions and they are considered significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions documenting the inception and development of these ecologically important water bodies are generally limited to Pleistocene-age permafrost deposits (Yedoma) of Siberia, Alaska, and the western Canadian Arctic. Here we present the gradual transition from syngenetic ice-wedge polygon terrains to a thermokarst lake in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. We combine geomorphological surveys with paleolimnological reconstructions from sediment cores in an effort to characterize local landscape evolution from terrestrial to freshwater environment. Located on an ice-rich and organic-rich polygonal terrace, the studied lake is now evolving through active thermokarst, as revealed by subsiding and eroding shores, and was likely created by water pooling within a pre-existing topographic depression. Organic sedimentation in the valley started during the mid-Holocene, as documented by the oldest organic debris found at the base of one sediment core and dated at 4.8 kyr BP. Local sedimentation dynamics were initially controlled by fluctuations in wind activity, local moisture and vegetation growth/accumulation, as shown by alternating loess (silt) and peat layers. Fossil diatom assemblages were likewise influenced by local hydro-climatic conditions and reflect a broad range of substrates available in the past (both terrestrial and aquatic). Such conditions likely prevailed until ~ 2000 BP, when peat accumulation stopped as water ponded the surface of degrading ice-wedge polygons, and the basin progressively developed into a thermokarst lake. Interestingly, this happened in the middle of the Neoglacial cooling period, likely under wetter-than-average conditions. Thereafter, the lake continued to develop as evidenced by the dominance of aquatic (both benthic and planktonic) diatom taxa in organic-rich lacustrine muds. Based on these interpretations, we present a four-stage conceptual model of thermokarst lake development during the late Holocene, including some potential future trajectories. Such a model could be applied to other formerly glaciated syngenetic permafrost landscapes.
Writing Errors Among Arab EFL Learners: A Review of Literature
Authors: Altheneyan Aseel , F. Boayrid Nora
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of common writing errors among Arab learners of English as a second language by analyzing the findings of 15 studies. The negative influence of the first language (L1) is called interference and was first introduced by Lado (1957). This article focused on studies that have examined the negative influence of Arabic on the English writing of Arab learners. It has excluded studies that dealt with common errors resulting from different sources such as, intra-lingual errors (i.e. resulting from L2). The findings of the reviewed studies were analyzed based on James’s (2013) error taxonomy. Accordingly, three types of errors were identified, namely, substance errors, textual errors, and discourse errors. The analysis suggested that Arabic has influenced learners’ English writings at multiple levels.
Voice Mismatch Tolerance in Verb Stranding Verb Phrase Ellipsis
Authors: Abusalim Nimer
Published: October 2019

Verb Phrase Ellipsis, in particular, is taken to be very rare in languages other than English. However, recent literature has pointed out that a Verb Phrase Ellipsis-like construction does in fact exist in other languages, but may be masked due to the fact that the main verb raises to INFL in such languages, a process known as Verb Stranding Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VSVPE). This paper addresses two main issues: 1) whether such a construction in Hebrew patterns with VPE in English or with Pseudogapping; via an examination of voice mismatch tolerance following Merchant (2013) 2) After establishing that Hebrew is a VSVPE language and controlling for external variables such as independent object drop, this paper tests which constituent in particular is targeted in the ellipsis process. It is concluded that VSVPE languages target vP for ellipsis, not VP, nor PP, as opposed to recent accounts. In other words, they pattern with Pseudogappig in including higher constituents (vP, not VP) in the ellipsis) more than they do with VPE. Other Verb-Raising to INFL languages are predicted to behave similarly with respect to which constituent is targeted for ellipsis.
Language Strategies to Reduce Anxiety of At-risk Children Deprived of Parental Care
Authors: Zlatkova-Doncheva Katerina Ivanova
Published: October 2019

The present study examines language impact on anxiety in at-risk children deprived of parental care. Bulgarianchildren without parents (n=40) divided into 3 age groups (aged 7-10; aged 11-14; and aged 15-17) embedintervention accomplished by four volunteers using four interaction strategies: normal voice and positive language;high tone and positive language; normal tone and negative language, and high tone and negative language.Surveillance has been conducted subjecting anxiety reactions of children measured in 10 indicators: diffidence,dependence, dissatisfaction, reliance, insecurity (for self-assessment anxiety); inadequacy, inactivity,non-communication, inability to seek help, and lack of empathy (for interpersonal anxiety). The present study resultsdemonstrate that linguistic signs have higher influence than paralinguistic cues on children’s behaviour and the useof negative language would increase anxiety in children to a greater extent when the tone is normal while raising thetone would enhance self-assessment and interpersonal anxiety of children with emotional disorders. Balanced use ofnegative and positive language combination with a different tone in different situations would increase socialfunctioning of the child. The use of different strategies for interaction by specialists – with normal and high tone,encouragement or reprimand should be tailored to the specifics of the child as well as to the relevant skills to bedeveloped.
Can Non-Muslim Courts Bring Legal Change in Sharia Laws?
Authors: Alotaibi Hajed A.
Published: October 2019

The transformative and regulatory accommodation model addresses practical challenges to accommodate religious laws and courts in the secular and democratic regimes. There is a strong evidence against the jurisdictional competition between secular and religious courts under defined conditions. There is no concern regarding the Shariah courts in the non-Muslim democracies, as majority of the country’s ethno-religious groups control the civil and rabbinical courts. In this regard, there is a need to mitigate the negative impact of Muslim Family Laws (MFLs) by the civil courts in non-Muslim majority countries because MFLs imply certain disabilities and limitations upon the displayed rights of women and children. To address these issues, the present study aims to discuss the possibilities and challenges faced by the multicultural and pluri-legal accommodations by focusing on the Islamic law and institutions within the non-Muslim democracies. The results have shown that the reformation of rules and procedures internalize certain principles and discourses due to increased compliance of religious courts with the high court rulings. Increase in the number of Muslim judges on civil courts would help to overcome lack of legitimacy in the perspectives of the Muslim minority that is the main reason of shortcomings of both ex post and ex ante oversight mechanisms.
Melhoria dos métodos de produção por meio da associação entre o rearranjo físico e a metodologia 5S
Authors: Ferraz Segundo Dallas Walber , Avelar Pimentel Vila Nova Andréa Raffaella , Fontana Marcele Elisa
Published: October 2019

A busca pela melhoria contínua se faz presente em muitas empresas, influenciando significativamente o seu sucesso. Neste sentido, existem muitas ferramentas que apresentam tal finalidade, dentre elas destaca-se o 5S, que agindo de maneira integrada com o estudo dos Tempos e Movimentos, visa melhorar a eficiência da produção. Por outro lado, é recorrente na maioria das empresas a dificuldade em dispor de seus recursos transformadores, visto que, o arranjo físico, ou layout, quando definido de maneira inadequada, pode comprometer a eficiência produtiva. Diante disso, o presente trabalho demonstra uma hibridização de métodos, além da adaptação da metodologia 5S ao ambiente de uma empresa de confecções, permitindo melhorar o fluxo de recursos humanos e materiais, bem como reduzir o tempo e as distâncias percorridas pelos materiais em processamento.
Uso da análise bibliométrica nos anais do ENEGEP de 2008 a 2016
Authors: Amaral Éloni Prioste , Mergulhão Ricardo Coser , Akim Érica Kushihara , Figueiredo Rute Aparecida , Farrapo Junior Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2019

A análise bibliométrica vem se mostrando uma excelente ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas acadêmicas, pois garante atualização com os avanços tecnológicos, sobretudo para busca de melhoria contínua das organizações. Na Engenharia de Produção, a bibliometria ainda é pouco explorada pelos seus pesquisadores, portanto, este artigo buscou levantar sobre como a bibliometria está inserida nos estudos da área da Engenharia de Produção a partir da análise dos artigos publicados no ENEGEP entre 2008 e 2016.Os principais resultados são: há um crescente volume de publicações nos últimos anos, o que sugere uma popularização da bibliometria no meio acadêmico; e há uso escasso de ferramentas computacionais no processamento e análise dos dados. Conclui-se que há uma perspectiva positiva em relação ao uso da bibliometria na Engenharia de Produção, porém uma análise sistêmica deve ser feita em conjunto com a bibliometria para garantir a qualidade das pesquisas.
A casca de arroz como fonte de energia em empresas beneficiadoras do grão
Authors: Lima Amanda Moreira , Telöken Fabiane Taís , Hermes Régis Henrique , Moraes Jorge André Ribas , Silva André Luiz Emmel
Published: October 2019

Biomassa é matéria orgânica que pode ser utilizada para produção de energia. A casca de arroz apresenta características que permitem sua utilização para esta finalidade. Assim, este estudo objetivou verificar qual o destino da casca de arroz gerada pelas empresas que beneficiam o grão na região do Vale do Rio Pardo – RS – Brasil, e sua situação quanto à certificação ambiental. Identificou-se que apenas duas empresas utilizam a casca em seus processos, e que o restante vende ou doa o resíduo para terceiros. Além disso, somente uma delas possui certificação. Concluiu-se que, apesar de ser uma ótima opção de energia limpa, de reutilização de resíduos e diminuição de custos, nem todas as indústrias realizam a utilização da casca, em função do baixo conhecimento e desinteresse sobre o assunto. Também se evidenciou que apenas as empresas de grande porte buscam certificação de seus processos por consequência do mercado mais amplo e exigente.
Métodos de custeio: seleção e aplicação em uma empresa do setor metalomecânico
Authors: De Souza John Cesar , Cotrim Syntia Lemos , Leal Gislaine Camila Lapasini , Galdamez Edwin Vladimir Cardoza , Gomes Pedro
Published: October 2019

Em um cenário de grande competição entre as empresas onde a economia do país não se mostra favorável para novos investimentos, é difícil destacar-se dos concorrentes e obter maior representação no mercado. Além de se destacar no mercado, toda empresa busca uma forma de se tornar mais rentável. Tudo isto está diretamente ligado às decisões estratégicas da empresa e como elas serão alcançadas. Para alcançar uma estratégia de sucesso é imprescindível que se tenha informações concretas que sirvam de subsídio para a tomada de decisões. Um dado muito importante para estratégias ligadas a rentabilidade do negócio é conhecer o custo real de seu produto. Este trabalho é uma pesquisa aplicada, conduzida por meio de um estudo de caso, que tem por objetivo apresentar a escolha e utilização de um método de custeio para a determinação e gestão de custos da empresa. Nele ainda é apresentado o processo de escolha do método a ser utilizado e algumas dificuldades na implantação do mesmo. O método de custeio selecionado foi o custeio por absorção, que é um método tradicional e por meio deste, foi possível encontrar um custo 42,5% maior que o praticado pela empresa.
Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Drugs in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Polverino de Laureto Patrizia , Palazzi Luana , Acquasaliente Laura
Published: October 2019

Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but to date, there are no approved therapies. The available ones are only symptomatic; they are employed to mitigate the disease manifestations and to improve the patient life quality. These diseases are characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins in the nervous system, with different specific hallmarks. The onset mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Some promising approaches are focused on the inhibition of the amyloid aggregation of the proteins involved in the etiopathology of the disease, such as Aβ peptide, Tau, and α-synuclein, or on the increase of their clearance in order to avoid their aberrant accumulation. Here, we summarize traditional and new therapeutic approaches proposed for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and the recent technologies for brain delivery.
What the Humean Theory of Motivation Gets Wrong
Authors: Arruda Caroline T. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

I show that defenses of the Humean theory of motivation (HTM) often rely on a mistaken assumption. They assume that desires are necessary conditions for being motivated to act because desires (and other non-cognitive states) themselves have a special, essential, necessary feature, such as their world-to-mind direction of fit, that enables them to motivate. Call this the Desire-Necessity Claim. Beliefs (and other cognitive states) cannot have this feature, so they cannot motivate. Or so the story goes. I show that: (a) when pressed, a proponent of HTM encounters a series of prima facie counterexamples to this Claim; and (b) the set of claims that seem to naturally complement the Desire-Necessity Claim as well as provide successful responses to these counterexamples turn out to deny the truth of this same claim. As a result, the Humean implicitly grants that it is at least equally plausible, if not more plausible, to claim that desires are not able to motivate in virtue of what they necessarily possess. Instead, desires contingently possess features that enable them to motivate.
Apresentação e tradução de "O objetivo de toda a vida é a morte" - Schopenhauer e o instinto de morte de Freud, de Marcel Zentner
Authors: Germer Guilherme Marconi
Published: October 2019

O que se segue é uma apresentação e a tradução de Das Ziel alles Lebens ist der Tod - Schopenhauer und Freuds Todestrieb, de Marcel Zentner (Zürich), publicado em: RAINER, Specht (Org.). Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993, vol. 75, p. 319 – 340. Trata-se de um detalhamento dos problemas que envolvem o tópos criado por Freud de que, com seu dualismo dos instintos de vida e de morte, exposto em Além do princípio do prazer (1920), “desaguara no porto da filosofia de Schopenhauer”. As diferenças fundamentais desse dualismo com a dicotomia schopenhaueriana da afirmação e negação da Vontade merecem um esclarecimento pormenorizado – defende Zentner, para que não se perca de vista o fato de que a principal antecipação schopenhaueriana de Freud concerne, antes, ao complexo conceitual articulado em torno à primeira teoria dos instintos, a teoria da repressão e o “modelo estrutural da psique”.
Acute Exercise, Psychological Stress Induction, and Episodic Memory
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Koehler Lauren , Frith Emily , Ponce Pamela , Delancey Dylan , Joyner Chelsea , Ashpole Nicole M. , Zou Liye , Li Hong
Published: October 2019

Objective: In this study, we evaluated whether exercise prior to memory encoding or during memory consolidation can influence episodic memory function after being exposed to a stressful environment. Methods: We conducted 3 between-group randomized controlled experiments
among young adults. We assessed episodic memory (via logic memory task) at the beginning of the experiment and approximately 45 minutes later. Across the 3 experiments, we varied the temporal period (eg, before memory encoding or during consolidation) of the acute bout of exercise (15-minute
moderate-intensity exercise) and psychological stress induction. Results: Across all 3 experiments there was a statistically significant main effect for time for memory function, but there were no time x group interaction effects. Conclusion: Memory declined across the 2 assessment
periods, but for all 3 experiments, exercise was not associated with memory function after being exposed to a stressful stimulus.