bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK: What do we know so far?
Authors: Harrop Emily , Selman Lucy
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been a devastating mass bereavement event, with measures to control the virus leading to unprecedented changes to end-of-life and mourning practices. In this review we consider the research evidence on the experiences of people bereaved during the pandemic. We summarise key findings reported in the first five publications from our UK-based Bereavement during COVID-19 study, drawing comparisons with available evidence from other studies of bereavement during the pandemic. We summarise these findings across three main topics: experiences at the end of life and in early bereavement; coping and informal support during the pandemic; and access to bereavement and mental health services. The synthesis demonstrates the exceptional challenges of pandemic bereavement, including high levels of disruption to end-of-life care, dying and mourning practices as well as to people’s social networks and usual coping mechanisms. We identified considerable needs for emotional, therapeutic and informal support among bereaved people, compounded by significant difficulties in receiving and accessing such support. We provide evidence-based recommendations for improving people’s experiences of bereavement and access to support at all levels.
Yield prediction model of summer groundnut based on spectral characteristics
Authors: JAYBHAYE P. R. , VARSHNEYA M. C. , NAIDU T. R. V.
Published: January 2022

Spectral characteristics were studied at pod development stage (75 DAS) in summer groundnut, at Pune, in western Maharashtra plain zone. A simple regression model (yield vs. vegetation index, R2= 0.94) and another multiple regression model (yield vs. B: R, G: R, NIR: R and VI, R2= 0.99) were developed to predict the yields of summer groundnut. The yield prediction model based on spectral ratios at pod development stage (75 DAS) is helpful in forecasting the yield of summer groundnut, one month in advance, in western Maharashtra plain zone.
Agro-meteorology of Indian Brassicas
Authors: SINGH RAJ , RAO V. U. M. , SINGH DIWAN
Published: January 2022

Field experiment was conducted for two crop seasons (1996-97 & 1997-98) at CCS, HAU, Hisar research farm to study the effect of weather parameters on growth and yield of mustard. The results indicated that an increase in maximum temperature and duration of sunshine hours resulted in increased leaf area index (LAI). The increase in daytime temperature resulted in higher biomass accumulation during vegetative phase, but the trend was reversed during physiological maturity. The biomass accumulation in brassicas increased with increase in evaporation rate during the grand growth period. However, latter on during the physiological maturity, increase in evaporation rate resulted in decline of biomass accumulation. Further, it was noted that the magnitudes of some important weather parameters (maximum and minimum temperatures, pan evaporation and morning relative humidity) during the vegetative phase of crop played decisive role in deciding the quantum of seed yield which is a resultant of various yield attributes. The rainfall during the crop growing season either have no association or had a negative relationship with yield and yield attributes because crop never experienced water stress as abundant moisture was made available through irrigation.
Lidar-derived aerosol concentration and their relationship with horizontal winds over an urban location
Authors: RAJ P. ERNEST , DEVARA P.C.S. , MAHESKUMAR R. S. , PANDITHURAI G. , DANI K.K.
Published: January 2022

Lidar-derived aerosol vertical profiles obtained at Pune, a low latitude tropical station, on about 535 days during a ten-year period (1987 – 96) along with simultaneous pilot-balloon wind (speed and direction) data of India Meteorological Department, Pune have been used in the study to investigate the influence of horizontal winds on the aerosol characteristics in the lower atmosphere.  Aerosol column content in the atmospheric boundary layer (surface to 1100 m altitude above ground-level) as well as aerosol number density at the surface level (at 50 m) showed relatively higher values over the lidar site whenever the winds were blowing from the main urban and industrial regions of the city of Pune.  This effect was found to be more pronounced during the winter season.  Wind speeds also correlate well with increased aerosol loading, but only during selected high wind speed episodes.  Thus the study shows that the short- and long-term increases in aerosol concentration/loading over the observation site are, to a large extent, influenced by horizontal winds in the surface layers and this in turn, can be attributed to the increasing human/urban activity around the lidar site over the years.
African monsoons, Part 2: Synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the intertropical convergence zone over north Africa
Authors: SAHA KSHUDIRAM , SAHA SURANJANA
Published: January 2022

In this part, the paper discusses several aspects of the origin, structure, development and movement of wave disturbances over the North African tropical zone during the northern summer. Analyzing the cases often actual wave disturbances which later in their life cycles developed into hurricanes over the Atlantic, it finds that though the horizontal and vertical shear of the mean zonal wind associated with the mid-tropospheric easterly jet over Africa satisfies the condition of dynamical instability under certain restrictive boundary conditions, it is the influence of a large-amplitude baroclinic wave in mid-latitude westerlies upon a stationary wave in the mountainous region of the east-central north Africa that appears to trigger the birth of a wave disturbance in the intertropical convergence zone over the Nile valley of Sudan between the Marra and the Ethiopian mountains. Physical processes likely to be important in the formation, development and movement of the disturbances are pointed out.
On forecasting cyclone movement using TOVS data
Authors: SURESH R. , RENGARAJAN S.
Published: January 2022

The tracks of three cyclonic storms over Bay of Bengal and one over Arabian Sea during 1998 have been analysed using the TOVS data  received at Chennai from NOAA satellites. Midtropospheric warmness between 700 and 400 hPa levels which protrudes about 300 to 700 km ahead of the storm acts as precursor to foreshadow the storm movement and predict the landfall about 6 to 24 hrs in advance. This technique has successfully predicted even the peculiar southward movement of Bay storm (28 November  to 7 December, 1996).
A forecasting aspect of thundersquall over Calcutta and its parameterisation during pre-monsoon season
Authors: BASU G. C. , MONDAL D. K.
Published: January 2022

Severe thunderstorms accompanied by squalls are the most hazardous weather phenomena during pre-monsoon season in north-eastern region of India. An attempt has been made in this paper to study some parameters for forecasting thundersqualls over Calcutta (Airport) during pre-monsoon season. Parameterisation of thermodynamic components alongwith the synoptic support during thundersqualls over Calcutta has been discussed here. A forecasting aspect for propagation speed of thunderstorm cell at Calcutta in pre-monsoon season has been examined with respect to radar-echo positions, mid-level winds and convective available potential energy (CAPE). Occurrences of multiple thundersqualls over Calcutta Airport within a few hours’ interval have been discussed and examined through hodograph analysis, radar observations and synoptic situations.
Intra-seasonal variation of surface air temperature in Nepal Himalayas
Authors: UENO KENICHI , POKHREL ADARSHA  P.
Published: January 2022

Intra-seasonal variation of surface air temperature observed by the automatic weather station at Syangpoche in Khumbu region, Nepal Himalayas, is analyzed.  In the monsoon season, temperature was nearly constant with large decrease in insolation due to monsoon clouds.  On the other hand, large intra-seasonal variation existed in the winter with increase in temperature associated with passing synoptic scale high-pressure system which disturb local circulation pattern as well as decrease in temperature due to the nighttime strong radiative cooling under the condition of snow covers.  Monsoon clouds and deep valley system caused unique surface temperature variation.
On variability of total ozone derived from TOVS data over peninsular Indian sub-continent and adjoining oceanic area
Authors: SURESH R.
Published: January 2022

The total ozone derived from TOVS data from NOAA 12 satellite through one step physical retrieval algorithm of  International TOVS Processing Package (ITPP) version 5.0 has been used to identify  its diurnal, monthly, latitudinal and longitudinal variability during 1998 over the domain Equator to 26° N / 60-100° E. The linkage of  maximum total ozone with warmer tropopause and lower stratosphere has been re-established. The colder upper tropospheric temperature which is normally associated with maximum ozone concentration throughout the year elsewhere in the world  has also been identified in this study but the relationship gets reversed during southwest  monsoon months(June-September) over the domain considered. The moisture  available in abundance in the lower troposphere gets precipitated due to the convective instability prevailing in the atmosphere during monsoon season and very little moisture is only available for vertical transport into the upper troposphere atop 500 hPa. The latent heat released by the  precipitation processes warms up the middle and upper atmosphere. The warm and dry upper troposphere could be the reason for less depletion of ozone in the upper troposphere during monsoonal  months and this is supported by the positive correlation coefficient prevailing in monsoon season between  total ozone and upper tropospheric (aloft 300 hPa) temperature. The warmness in middle and upper troposphere which is associated with less depletion and/or production of more  ozone in the upper troposphere may  perhaps contribute  for the  higher total ozone during monsoon months than in other seasons over peninsular Indian region.  The minimum concentration is observed during January (226 DU) over 6° N and the maximum (283DU) over 18° N during August. Longitudinal variability is less pronounced than the latitudinal variability.
A comparative study of temperatures of direct sunlight and air temperatures in a standard screen measured at Doha International Airport - a pilot study
Authors: MODAWAI OMAR SULIEMAN , MULLA ALI HAMID AL- , RAO P. GOVINDA
Published: January 2022

An observational campaign was conducted at Doha International Airport, Arabian Gulf to find out difference between air temperature in a standard screen and direct sunlight. Hourly observations recorded during July-August 1998 and June-August 1999 formed the basis of the study. Difference between screen temperature (ST) and outside temperature (OT) in respect of all hourly data in the above period from 0600 to 1800 hrs of local time have been computed and analysed. In order to examine the difference before sunrise and after sunset, observations were also made during 1900-0500 hrs of local time from 1st to 18th  of July 1998. Results of the study revealed that the magnitude of the differences between OT and ST is not as high as expected. The highest difference observed was 5.1° C on 16th  July 1999 at 0900 hr. As anticipated, the temperature of direct sunlight between 0600 hr and 1700 hr were always higher than the screen temperature. However, after 0500 pm of local time, the screen temperatures are found to be higher than outside temperature though the sunset time in these months are after 0600 pm. The mean difference between ST and DT in June, July and August respectively found to be 1.43° C, 1.53° C and 1.67° C. The highest difference observed in these months was 3.8° C, 5.1° C and 4.1° C respectively. The study has also indicated that the difference between OT and ST is generally higher during 0900-1000 hrs of local time and lower during two hours before sunrise and sunset.
Pectoralis Major Rupture: Evaluation and Management
Authors: Kowalczuk Marcin , Elmaraghy Amr
Published: January 2022

Pectoralis major tendon ruptures are being reported with increasing frequency and primarily occur in young, high demand, male patients. The injury results from an eccentric contracture of the muscle most commonly while performing the bench press maneuver during weight training. In the setting of both acute and chronic injury, physical examination is critical for a timely and accurate diagnosis. During physical examination, comparison with the opposite side is imperative, and findings may include swelling, ecchymosis, loss of the anterior axillary fold, and a decreased pectoralis major index. Surgical treatment of acute ruptures is superior to nonsurgical treatment and results in improved functional outcomes and high levels of return to work and sport. Repair of chronic tears is more challenging and may require reconstruction with autograft or allograft tissue. Despite advances in surgical technique, tendon rerupture, persistent pain, and wound infection remain a concern.
The US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scoring Change: A Survey of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants From the 2019 to 2020 Match Cycle
Authors: Arguello Alexandra M. , Edwards Diep N. , Cohn Matthew R. , Johnson Michael D. , Ames S. Elizabeth , Avedian Raffi S. , Ponce Brent A. , Kogan Monica
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

The USMLE Step 1 examination has been used as an objective measure for comparing residency applicants. Recently, the National Board of Medical Examiners and the Federation of State Medical Boards decided that the USMLE Step 1 examination will transition to a pass/fail result starting no earlier than 2022. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspective of medical students who applied for orthopaedic surgery residency positions during the 2019 to 2020 interview cycle on the USMLE scoring change, and the potential effect this change may result in for future applicants and the residency selection process.

Methods:

A 15-item anonymous web-based survey was sent to 1,090 orthopaedic surgery residency applicants from four regionally diverse residency programs. The survey elicited attitudes toward the transition of the Step 1 examination to pass/fail and perspectives this change may or may not have on the residency selection process.

Results:

Responses were received from 356 applicants (32.7%). The majority (61.6%) disagreed with the change to pass/fail scoring, and 68.5% do not believe that the change will decrease stress levels in medical students. For interview invitations, respondents chose Step 2 clinical knowledge, letters of recommendation, and performance on away rotations as the most influential factors in the absence of a Step 1 score.

Conclusion:

Most of the students surveyed who applied for an orthopaedic surgery residency position during the most recent application cycle disagreed with the National Board of Medical Examiner/Federation of State Medical Board decision to change Step 1 to pass/fail and feel that this change may have disadvantage in certain student groups while either increasing or having no effect on medical student stress.

Level of Evidence:

IV
Building and measuring e-learning scale from the point of view of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad
Authors: Dhuha Hadi  , Widad Kadhum
Published: January 2022

مستخلص البحث :
  في مقدمة البحث واهميته  تطرقت الباحثتان الى واقع التعلم الالكتروني باعتباره احد الانماط الجديدة لتعويض التوقف الذي رافق العملية التعليمية  نتيجة الازمات التي يمر بها العالم في ظل انتشار جائحة كورونا  اذ دعت الحاجة الى الاستمرار في العملية التعليمية لتعزيز المشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين من خلال المنصات الالكترونية لتجاوز العصوبات والتحديات التي تواجه العملية التعليمية , اما مشكلة البحث فتبلورت من خلال التعرف على واقع التعلم الالكتروني و دوره الفعال في تعزيز التواصل والمشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين  واقتراح افضل السبل للتطوير و الوقوف على المعوقات التي تواجه الطلبة وماهي نقاط القوة لتدعيمها و نقاط الضعف للوقوف عليها واقتراح المعالجات , وهدف البحث الى بناء مقياس لواقع التعلم الالكتروني و التعرف على واقع التعلم الالكتروني و دوره في تعزيز التواصل و المشاركة الفعالة بين المتعلمين من وجه نظر طلبة  التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة – جامعة بغداد , وقد افترضت الباحثتان وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين استجابات طلبة كلية التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة – جامعة بغداد, اما في منهجية البحث فقد استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي كونه الأكثر ملاءمةً لطبيعة المشكلة وأهداف البحث ,و تم تحديد مجتمع البحث بطلبة كلية التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة ( جادرية – وزيرية ) / جامعة بغداد و البالغ عددهم (2293) طالباً و طالبة  ويمثلون المراحل الدراسية في الكلية , اما اجراءات البحث فتكمن في اجراءات بناء المقياس وعرضه على عينة البناء و التطبيق , وبعد تحليل البيانات احصائيا. وبعد عرض و تحليل النتائج و مناقشتها , توصلت الباحثتان الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من اهمها , اظهرت النتائج مستويات جيدة في مجالات واقع التعلم الالكتروني , وجود فروق معنوية بين استجابات الطلبة في مقياس الواقع التعلم الالكتروني , وقد خرجن بعدت توصيات اهمها الاهتمام بالتعلم الالكتروني كبديل عن التعلم الحضوري في ازمة كورونا  , اجراء دراسات مشابهة باستخدام مقياس وداد كاظم الزهيري- ضحى هادي امين  لقياس  (واقع التعلم الالكتروني)  مع بعض الاختبارات و المقاييس على عينات مختلفة.
Análises das concentrações de açúcares, cloreto de sódio e sódio nas águas de coco in natura e industrializadas comercializadas em governador valadares-mg
Authors: Soares Brenda Da Silva , Caroline Souza Vieira Neves  , Ana Clara De Alvarenga Morais  , Anderson Ferreira Vilela  , Eloísa Helena Medeiros Cunha
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Água de coco é a bebida não diluída, não fermentada, obtida da parte líquida do fruto do coqueiro, por meio de processo tecnológico adequado. O coco é uma das frutas mais populares do Brasil, no país o fruto tem utilização agroindustrial e culinária, através do albúmen sólido e também em sua forma in natura. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os teores de açúcares, sal (cloreto de sódio) e sódio em amostras de águas de coco in natura e industrializadas e compará-las com o descrito na legislação, assim como, as industrializadas com a rotulagem nutricional.  Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico do tipo experimental qualitativo e quantitativo. Realizando análises de glicídios redutores em glicose e glicídios não redutores em sacarose, glicídios totais, cloreto de sódio e sódio. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software estatístico R versão 3.4.1. Resultados: Verificou-se com o estudo que em relação a legislação, todas as amostras de água de coco (in natura e industrializadas) estavam dentro dos padrões vigentes para todas as análises realizadas, contudo, as rotulagens nutricionais não apresentaram os valores condizentes com os valores das análises e apresentaram quantidade superiores de açúcar em comparação com as águas in natura. Conclusão: Destacando a importância dos rótulos pois eles oferecem informações nutricionais, dos ingredientes utilizados na fabricação, para melhor escolha do produto.

 

Coconut water is the undiluted, unfermented beverage obtained from the liquid part of the coconut tree fruit, through an appropriate technological process. Coconut is one of the most popular fruits in Brazil, in the country the fruit has agro-industrial and culinary use, through solid albumen and also in its in natura form. The present study aimed to evaluate the contents of sugars, salt (sodium chloride) and sodium in samples of fresh and industrialized coconut waters and compare them with those described in the legislation, as well as those industrialized with nutritional labeling. An analytical study of qualitative and quantitative experimental type was carried out. Performing analyses of reducing glycides in glucose and non-reducing glycides in sucrose, total glycides, sodium chloride and sodium. Statistical software R version 3.4.1 was used for data analysis. It was verified with the study that in relation to the legislation, all samples of coconut water (fresh and industrialized) were within the current standards for all analyses performed, however, nutritional labels did not present the values consistent with the values of the analyses and presented higher amounts of sugar compared to fresh waters. Highlighting the importance of labels because they offer nutritional information, of the ingredients used in manufacturing, for better product choice.
Kroppen som konfliktzon
Authors: Andersson Greger , Spjuth Roland
Published: January 2022

The Biblical heritage: The body as a conflict zone
In the article we discuss the ambiguous view of the body in Christian tradition, focusing on the biblical texts and St. Augustine’s Confessions. We suggest that there is a tension in the view of humans in these texts, which by time evolves into a two- or three-part division of man into spirit, soul, and body. As a result, the body or ‘flesh’ has often been regarded as a constraint or burden that prevents people from living the life they were meant to live. We argue, however, that the view of the body in the Bible and in Christian tradition is not unequivocal. The body can appear as a place for temptation and suffering, but it is also God’s creation, the place where the earthly and the divine meet. This results in a fragile and unstable position for the body, which also applies to the two other bodies we discuss in the article: the biblical texts and the Christian church. We also suggest that the conflict depicted in the texts is not primarily between the spiritual and the material. The conflict is rather ethical, social, and eschatological. People are thus supposed to respond to God’s acts by forming a new way of living their life in the body.
A modern take on research communication, Part II: Changing perspectives
Authors: Gibson Jennifer
Published: January 2022

This post is second in a four-part series on a modern system for research communication, by Jennifer Gibson. The first post, on the shape and impact of research communication is available here. Reactions from readers are very welcome. Please use the commenting function. ________________ Now, as I wrote a moment ago, I have some strong ideas about how research communication should work, which you might guess based on my work to date.
A modern take on research communication, Part I
Authors: Gibson Jennifer
Published: January 2022

What if we could start all over again? Knowing what we know now, about the needs for research and the opportunities to improve the human condition, about the power of the Internet, and about the importance of the global village, what would we want publishing to look like? How would we use instant online sharing? How would we tap into experts in other corners of the globe?
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT RATIO, NET PROFIT MARGIN, AND RETURN ON ASSETS ON STOCK RETURN
Authors: Siti Aminah Laila
Published: January 2022

Individuals and corporations investing in stocks should make sure the investments are appropriate before proceeding. It's also possible to use basic research or company performance as a substitute for investment appraisals. An investigation of the relationship between stock return and a company's current ratio, net profit margin, and return on assets was the primary goal of this research project (Study of Food and Beverages Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2017 Period). From 2015 to 2017, there were 21 Food and Beverage firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange that were studied in this study. Purposive sampling was used to gather samples from 12 different Food and Beverage firms for this study. The SPSS 15 program was used to do multiple linear regression analysis on the data. The results of this study indicate that (1) Current Ratio (CR) with tstatistic = -2,244 and a significance value of 0,032 has a significant effect on stock returns; (2) Net Profit Margin (NPM) with tstatistic = -2,364 and a significance value of 0,024 has a significant effect on stock returns; (3) Return on Assets (ROA) with tstatistic = 3,984 and a significance value of 0,000 has a positive and significant effect on the value of stock returns.
STUDY ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Rabac Ken , Jain Deepak
Published: January 2022

The regularly focused on solitary credits that sway a leader's adequacy. This investigation, all things considered, takes a gander at whether emotional intelligence directs the expected adverse consequence of appropriated presence on commitment and impact, and at last, leader viability. Buttressed by emotional intelligence, commitment, and impact speculations, the exploration question focused on how emotional intelligence abilities moderate the effect of a project supervisor's disseminated presence to deliver the leader powerful. The investigation test for this exploration came from deliberate members who work for a U.S. government office including leaders co-situated with their groups and conveyed presence leaders. Elucidating insights showed that leaders with higher emotional intelligence (EI) were more captivating and compelling than co-found leaders with high EI. Relapse investigations showed most noteworthy importance between the reliant factors commitment and impact and the autonomous factors of disseminated presence and emotional intelligence when utilizing emotional intelligence branches and undertakings for the EI factors. Information from this examination showed appropriated presence leaders with high emotional intelligence capacities impact commitment and impact decidedly. Crafted by this examination propels bits of knowledge into how emotional intelligence impacts, decidedly, project leader commitment and impact when the project administrator's quality is dispersed. The information delivered by this exploration was enlightening however just partly on the grounds that outcomes were not adequately broad. In any case, the use of this investigation applies to the down to earth world as dispersed groups is by all accounts a more perpetual piece of the business scene than impermanent, and figuring out how to more readily fill in as a project supervisor with disseminated presence is fundamental for the two associations and project chiefs.
PROFIL KONDISI FISIK ATLET ARUNG JERAM
Authors: Aristiyanto Aristiyanto , Setiawan Fredy Eko , Subagya Hadi , Nurohman Nurohman
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik atlet cabang olahraga Arung Jeram KONI Banjarnegara dalam rangka persiapan menghadapi Pekan Olahraga Kedu Pekalongan dan Banyumas (PORDULONGMAS). Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah atlet cabang olahraga arung jeram KONI Banjarnegara yang berjumlah 16 orang. Sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan tes pengukuran kondisi fisik yang meliputi daya tahan cardiovascular, daya tahan otot lengan, kekuatan otot tangan kanan dan kiri, kekuatan otot punggung, kekuatan dan power kaki, kekuatan otot perut, dan kelentukan. Berdasarkan hasil tes pengukuran kondisi fisik atlet arung jeram Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan bahwa daya tahan cardiovascular rata-rata adalah 33,71 masuk katergori kurang. Rata-rata daya tahan otot lengan 48,44 pada kategori sangat baik, rata-rata kekuatan otot tangan kanan 35,91 pada kategori kurang, sedangkan rata-rata kekuatan tangan kiri 33,69 pada kategori cukup. Rata-rata kekuatan otot punggung 106,50 berada pada kategori baik, kekuatan otot kaki 99,91 pada kategori sangat kurang, rata-rata power kaki 38,50 berada pada kategori kurang, rata-rata kekuatan otot perut 52,31 pada kategori sangat baik, dan rata-rata kelentukan 14,07 pada kategori sangat kurang.
PENGARUH RESISTANCE BAND EXERCISE TERHADAP POWER OTOT ATLET MUAY THAI
Authors: Persadanta Persadanta , Sukendro Sukendro , Rasyono Rasyono
Published: January 2022

Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian mengunakan rancangan One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design yaitu untuk mengetahui variabel bebas dan terikat. Adapun yang menjadi variabel bebas adalah latihan resistance band excercise sedangkan yang menjadi variabel terikat adalah hasil power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Berdasarkan analisis data, diketahui bahwa hasil resistance band exercise terhadap peningkatan hasil power otot lengan atlet Muay Thai Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Pada tes awal putra hasil two hand medicine ball rata-rata 12,266 Meter dan setelah diberikan  latihan resistance band terdapat peningkatan hasil two hand medicine ball menjadi rata-rata 24,06 Meter. Sedangkan pada tes awal putri hasil two hand medicine ball rata-rata 6,85 Meter dan setelah diberikan latihan resistance band terdapat peningkatan  hasil two hand medicine ball menjadi rata-rata 13,51 Meter. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan resistance band exercise dapat meningkatkan  hasil power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi. Kesimpulan di dukung hasil uji-t untuk putra yaitu di peroleh nilai Thitung sebesar  34,24 dan nilai Ttabelsebesar1,83311 sedangkan uji-t untuk putriya itu di peroleh nilaiThitungsebesar 3,15 dan nilai Ttabelsebesar1,83311 . Hal ini berarti hipotesis penelitian diterima pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Dengan demikian  maka dapat di pahami bahwa penelitian  ini terdapat pengaruh resistance band exercise terhadap peningkatan power otot lengan atlet Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi Citra Raya Muay Thai Camp Jambi.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PERMAINAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI
Authors: Dos Santos Hezron Alhim , Hudain Adnan
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) Oleh karena itu, yang menjadi populasi ini adalah siswa-siswi Sekolah Dasar yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengujian terbatas dilakukan di 3 sekolah dengan 6 sampai 12 subjek. Selanjutnya untuk diuji coba lapangan utama (main field testing) dilakukan pada 5 sampai dengan 15 sekolah dengan menggunakan 30 sampai dengan 100 sampel. Pengembangan model yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini secara umum melalui dua tahap pengujian yaitu pengujian internal dan pengujian eksternal. Setelah melakukan pengujian internal yang diwujudkan dengan validasi ahli melalui wawancara maka produk yang akan dikembangkan dapat disusun. Model Pembelajaran berbasis Permainan mengembangkan prinsip permainan dengan merangsang keinginan melakukan aktivitas fisik yang sistematis dan terarah dan senang untuk peserta didik. Permainan Jam Kebugaran perlu melibatkan seluruh siswa dalam setiap perannya agar semua siswa dapat bergerak aktif dalam permainan ini dan Permaian Bola Berantai  menggunakan bola sebanyak 10 agar setiap peserta didik dapat melakukan gerakan latihan otot perut dengan maksimal.
KONTRIBUSI POLA HIDUP SEHAT DAN CIRCUIT TRAINING TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI
Authors: Afdinda Reyfo , Saputra Endarman , Iqroni David
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh tingkat kebugaran jasmani setelah diberikan latihan sirkuit dan penerapan pola hidup sehat terhadap tingkat kebugaran jasmani pada siswa kelas SMPN 24 Kerinci. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan populsi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Kerinci yang berjumlah 15 orang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dalam menganalisis data menggunakan Independent Samples Test. Kriteria pengambilan keputusan dimana nilai Sig.(2-tailed) < 0.05 maka Ha diterima dengan ketentuan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, dan bila nilai Sig.(2-tailed) < 0.05 maka Ho diterima dengan ketentuan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan adanya tes awal yaitu tes pengambilan kadar hemoglobin siswa yang dilakukan sebelum melakukan latihan circuit training dan penerapan pola hidup sehat dan tes akhir yaitu tes setelah melakukan latihan circuit training dan penerapan pola hidup sehat lalu pengambilan kadar hemoglobin. Hasil yang didapat dari pengambilan kadar hemoglobin siswa adanya kesamaan tingkat kebugaran jasmani siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Kerinci baik sebelum maupun setelah melakukan latihan sirkuit dan penerapan pola hidup sehat dimana nilai Sig.(2-tailed) = .685 > 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi sedikit pengaruh latihan circuit training dan penerapan pola hidup sehat terhadap kebugaran jasmani apabila dilihat dari kadar hemoglobin pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 24 Kerinci.
DIFFERENT EFFECT OF DECLINE PUSH UP EXERCISE WITH MEDICINE BALL THROW TRAINING TOWARDS INCREASING ARM MUSCLE POWER IN MUAYTHAI ATHLETES SIMALUNGUN REGENCY
Authors: Saragih Demson Hamonangan , Imran Akhmad
Published: January 2022

The research that has been conducted intends to determine the differences and effects of decline push up training with medicine ball throw exercises on the increase in arm muscle power in Muaythai athletes in Simalungun Regency in 2020. The research method used is the experimental method. The population is all Muaythai athletes in Simalungun Regency in 2020, totaling 20 people. The number of samples of 12 people was obtained by using purposive random sampling technique (purposive random sampling). Before being given the exercise, all samples were given a pretest of arm muscle power and then the data was used as a basis for dividing the group of exercises, namely decline push-ups with medicine ball throw exercises. The training was given for 16 meetings and after the training was completed, a post test for arm muscle power was carried out. The research instrument for data collection using tests and measurements, namely a medicine ball chest throw test to measure arm muscle power. The research was conducted for 6 (six) weeks with training 3 (three) times a week, namely on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Statistical calculations using paired t-test as well as unpaired t-test. The analysis of the first hypothesis which was carried out using pre-test data and post-test data on arm muscle power in the decline push-up exercise group obtained the results of the analysis of tcount of 10.64 and t table of 2.015 with  = 0.05 (t count> t table) means Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of decline push up exercise on the increase in arm muscle power in Muaythai athletes, Simalungun Regency. The second hypothesis analysis was performed using pre-test data and post-test data on arm muscle power in the medicine ball throw exercise group. The results of the analysis of tcount was 20.71 and t table was 2.015 with  = 0.05 (t count> t table) means Ho was rejected and Ha accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the medicine ball throw exercise on the increase in arm muscle power in athletes Muatyhai, Simalungun Regency. Analysis of the third hypothesis which was carried out using post-test data on arm muscle power in the decline push up exercise group and the medicine ball throw exercise group obtained the results of the analysis of tcount of 1.51 and t table of 1.812 with  = 0.05 (t count <t table) means Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. So it can be concluded that there is no significant difference from decline push up exercises and medicine ball throw exercises on the increase in arm muscle power in Muaythai athletes, Simalungun Regency.
KONTRIBUSI GAYA MENGAJAR RESIPROKAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR RENANG GAYA BEBAS
Authors: Syaleh Muhammad , Lubis Ade Evriansyah , Helmi Boby
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan hasil belajar renang gaya bebas dalam mata kuliah Teori dan Praktek Renang I dengan menggunakan penerapan gaya mengajar resiprokal pada mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga dan Kesehatan (STOK) Bina Guna sebanyak 30 mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan (Action Research). Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi PendidikanJasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga dan Kesehatan (STOK) Bina Guna kelas B Tahun 2018/2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuh kali pertemuan terdiri dari dua siklus, siklus pertama yang direalisasikan melalui tindakan sesuai rencana dan metode pembelajaran, hasilnya nilai rata-rata mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran renang gaya bebas pada tes awal 60 atau 36.67% mahasiswa yang tuntas, dan 63.34% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas. Pada siklus I hasil rata-rata mahasiswa 70 atau 60% mahasiswa tuntas, dan 40% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas. Pada siklus ke dua yang direalisasikan melalui tindakan hasil refleksi dari siklus I, hasilnya rata-rata 80 atau 90% mahasiswa tuntas dan 10% mahasiswa yang tidak tuntas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) dengan penerapan gaya mengajar resiprokal hasil belajar renang gaya bebas meningkat, (2) dengan penerapan gaya mengajar resiprokal yang diterapkan melalui alat bantu pelampung dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar renang gaya bebas.
APPLICATION OF LEARNING VARIATIONS TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE FOREHAND DRIVE TABLE TENNIS GAME IN CLASS STUDENTS VIII JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MUHAMMADIYAH 3 MEDAN ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019
Authors: Keliat Pedomanta
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes forehand drive table tennis drives in class VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Medan Academic Year 2018/2019 through Learning Variations This research is a classroom action research. The study was conducted in two cycles, with data analysis techniques used in this study were descriptive based on qualitative analysis with the percentage: (1) From the test results of learning before using variations of learning obtained 27 students (90%) who have not reached the level of mastery learning , while 3 students (10%) have reached the level of mastery learning. Then learning is done using variations in learning (2) from the test of learning outcomes through learning variation in the first cycle obtained 14 students (46.67%) who reached the level of mastery learning, while 16 students (53.33%) have not reached the level of mastery learning. With an average value of 70.9. Then the learning variation (3) from the second learning  achievement test in the second cycle contained 21 students (70%) who reached the level of mastery learning, while 9 students (30%) had not reached the level of mastery learning, with an average value of 8. Based on Data analysis can be said that through the variety of learning can improve learning outcomes in Table Tennis Forehand Drive in VIII grade students of Muhammadiyah Middle School 3 Medan Academic Year 2018/2019.
RESULT OF THE FORMATION OF STUDENT CHARACTERS IN FULL DAY SCHOOL
Authors: Karo-Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra , Khairul Usman  , Liliana Puspa Sari  , Ratna Dewi  , Simangunsong Benny Aprial
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the results of the formation of student character in a full day school. The method used is descriptive quantitative using the ex post facto approach. The population of this research was 117 people and 33 samples were taken using purposive random sampling technique. With data analysis techniques to see the average results of the formation of student characters using a character questionnaire. Based on the results of statistical data that has been done by researchers, students in the Full Day School environment have an average character of 88.21. From these data it can be concluded that students who are in full day school have good character.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Shooting Dalam Permainan Sepak Bola Melalui Penerapan Gaya Mengajar Drill Dan Pendekatan Bermain Pada Siswa Kelas Iv-A SD Yayasan Pendidikan Nurul Hasanah Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Muhammad Zaki  , Dewi Maya Sari
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalamdua siklus, terdiri dari empat tahap dalam setiap siklusnya yang terdiri dari tahapperencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian tindakankelas ini adalah siswa kelas IV-A SD Yayasan Pendidikan Nurul Hasanah Tahun Ajaran2020/2021 yang berjumlah 34 orang siswa dengan perincian 20 siswa putra dan 14 siswaputri. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berasal dari siswa, peneliti dan guru yang bertindaksebagai kolaborator. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes. Penelitian tindakan Kelasini menggunakan teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik prosentaseuntuk melihat kecenderungan yang terjadi dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa penerapan gaya mengajar drill dan pendekatan bermain mampumeningkatkan keterampilan teknik dasar shooting dalam permainan sepak bola pada siswakelas IV-A SD Yayasan Pendidikan Nurul Hasanah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Hal inisejalan dengan hasil data temuan yang diperoleh peneliti pada kondisi awal pra siklus kesiklus I sampai akhir siklus II. Persentase nilai ketuntasan keterampilan teknik dasarshooting dalam permainan sepak bola siswa kelas kelas IV-A SD Yayasan Pendidikan NurulHasanah Medan pada kondisi awal pra siklus sebesar (11.77%) atau sejumlah 4 siswa yangmencapai ketuntasan belajar dari 34 siswa keseluruhan, kemudian pada siklus I diperolehnilai ketuntasan sebesar (55.88%) atau sejumlah 19 siswa dan pada akhir siklus IImeningkat sebesar (85.29%) atau sejumlah 29 siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Halini sejalan dengan adanya peningkatan keterampilan shooting dalam permainan sepak bolasiswa kelas IV-A SD Yayasan Pendidikan Nurul Hasanah Medan yang ditunjukkan darikeaktifan dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik
Α Hoard of Chersonesian Tetrassarii with Dates from Dezdar-dere 2 Necropolis (Sevastopol)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Abramzon Mikhail ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Ermolin Semen ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gunchina Olga ,   State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve “Phanagoria”, Yazikov Sergey ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

In 2020, a hoard of 14 Chersonesian tetrassarii with dates was discovered during the archaeological excavations at Dezdar-dere 2 Necropolis located on the territory of Sevastopol. The assemblage contains coins bearing the years 94, 96 and 120 of the Chersonesian era. All tetrassarii bear a round countermark depicting the Virgin holding a bow and a spear. The hoard was most likely concealed at the very beginning of Hadrian’s reign. Since only a few dozen single Chersonesian tetrassarii of the Flavian time have survived, as well as a small number of hoards is known, containing them, this circumstance emphasizes the special importance of finding a new homogeneous assemblage of dated coins of Tauric Chersonesos.
The Ryazan Pendant Seals from I. N. Parusimov’s Collection
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Beletsky Sergei
Published: January 2022

The article is the last one in a series of publications on Old Rus’ pendant seals from the collection of the Rostov archaeologist I. N. Parusimov. It reproduces and comments on 75 pendant seals originating from the territory of Ryazan Oblast. These objects were partly published by the owner of the collection. This article offers clarifications to previous suggestions. In I. N. Parusimov’s collection, pendant seals originating from Ryazan Oblast are the most representative series. It seems that, by the present time, no pendant seals impressed by similar matrices have been found in other regions of Old Rus. In this collection, there are 13 seal-types among Ryazan pendant seals. All these belong to common sphragistic groups. The majority of signs are attributed to already known Old Rus’ princely signs. However, signs of four types are encountered for the first time. Among the signs from the Ryazan seals, there are multiple images of bidents with one prong pointing outwards. No narrow dating is available for the signs on the Ryazan seals from I. N. Parusimov’s collection. It can be confidently maintained that the objects carrying the depictions of similar signs date to pre-Mongolian time. Definitely certain are only the dates of the bidents attributed to Vladimir Monomakh (†1125) and his eldest son Mstislav the Great (†1132).
Comprehensive Archaeological and Palaeoecological Studies of the Holocene Chronosequence in the Southern Taiga of the Middle Yenisei
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Grenaderova Anna , Mandryka Pavel ,   Siberian Federal University, Xiaokun Wang ,   School of History, Renmin University of China, Senotrusova Polina ,   Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Mikhailova Alexandra ,   Siberian Federal University, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Qiankun Quan ,   School of Archaeology, Jilin University
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of archaeological and palaeoecological data. The aim of the study was to identify climatic changes in the habitat and their impact on the formation of the palaeoeconomics of the ancient population, on the expansion or reduction of the area of archaeological cultures with foraging and producing economy. Based on the analysis of palaeosignals obtained by a complex of methods (pollen, botanical analysis of peat, charcoal analysis, determination of the ash content of sediments), the following intervals of changing conditions were identified: 7400—6800 calibrated years before present (cal. BP) — humidity reduction, 4850—4400 cal. BP — an increase in humidity, 3850—3150 cal. BP — decrease in humidity, 3150—2000 cal. BP — stable humid, with 1600 cal. BP — moisture reduction, 1250—700 cal. BP — minimal moisture. Changes in conditions are consistent with changes in the boundaries of the subzone of the southern taiga and forest-steppe, as well as with the range of cultures of Siberian hunters, fishers, gatherers and pastoralists. The results can be projected over the entire Siberian region.
Proposing an Ultrapure Water Unit Coupled to an Existing Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant and its Exergy Analysis
Authors: AL MAQBALİ Bashayar , RAHİMİ-AHAR Zohreh , MOUSA Hasan , VAKİLİ-NEZHAAD G. Reza
Published: January 2022

In this study, three desalination exergy analysis models including the Cerci et al. model (Model A), Drioli et al. model (Model B) and electrolyte solution model (Model C), were developed on an existing reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant in Oman (Plant ALG). A modified ultrapure water (UPW) unit fed by Plant ALG has also been proposed (Plant A) based on the technology used in a UPW unit operated under the climate of Europe and fed by European river water (Plant B). The most suitable exergy model for characterizing the proposed UPW production plant was used. Model C was found to be the most proper model among its counterparts. It reflected the electrolytic behavior of the relevant streams and considered as the appropriate model. The major exergy destruction sites were also identified, and the exergy efficiency was calculated. The electro-de-ionization (EDI) and the RO unit were the highest exergy destructive components in Plant A.