Pengaruh PGPR terhadap Penekanan Populasi Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood) pada Tanaman Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Authors: Wijayanti Kristiana Sri , Rahardjo Bambang Tri , Himawan Toto 
Published: January 2017

<p>Tanaman kenaf yang terinfeksi nematoda <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em><em> </em><em> </em>dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi serat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh <em>Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria </em>(PGPR) dalam menekan populasi nematoda <em>M. incognita</em> pada tanaman kenaf di rumah kaca. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, faktor pertama adalah cara aplikasi PGPR yang terdiri atas 2 cara yaitu suspensi PGPR diberikan sebelum tanam dengan merendam benih selama 5 jam (C1), benih ditanam langsung dalam pot tanpa direndam dalam PGPR (C2), dan suspensi PGPR diberikan pada 15 hari setelah tanam (HST) dan 25 HST. Faktor kedua adalah jenis PGPR yang digunakan yaitu <em>P</em><em>seudomonas</em><em> fluorescens</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter</em> sp., <em>P</em><em>. </em><em>fluorescen</em><em>s </em>+ <em>B. subtilis, </em><em>P</em><em>. </em><em>fluorescen</em><em>s </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em> sp., <em>B. subtilis </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em> sp., dan <em>P</em><em>. </em><em>fluorescen</em><em>s </em>+ <em>B. subtilis </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em> sp., serta kontrol (tanpa PGPR).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman benih dengan kombinasi tiga bakteri memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap populasi juvenil nematoda dalam tanah, sedangkan perlakuan tanpa perendaman tidak memberikan pengaruh. Populasi juvenil nematoda di dalam akar yang diberi PGPR baik tunggal maupun kombinasi melalui perendaman benih atau tanpa perendaman benih tidak berpengaruh, kecuali pada kombinasi <em>P</em><em>.</em><em> fluorescens </em>dan <em>B. subtilis</em><em> </em>yang diberikan melalui perendaman benih mampu menekan populasi juvenil nematoda di akar 43,28% bila dibandingkan tanpa perendaman benih. Pemberian rizobakteri <em>P</em><em>.</em><em> fluorescens</em>  menurunkan jumlah telur nematoda terbanyak (86,39%) dan menekan intensitas penyakit sebesar 71,95% bila dibandingkan kontrol.</p><p><strong></strong>Infection of <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em> on kenaf could affect its growth and the production of fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PGPR on the reduction of nematode <em>M. incognita</em> population on kenaf in the greenhouse. The factorial experiment was laid on randomized block design. The study consisted of two factors with three replicates . The first factor was method of PGPR application, ie: PGPR suspension was given before planting (kenaf seeds was soaked for 5 hours) (C1) and the seeds directly planted without submerged (C2), PGPR suspension was given at 15 days after planting (DAP) and 25 dap. The second factor was type of bacteria (<em>Pseudomonas  fluorescens</em>,  <em>Bacillus  subtilis,  Azotobacter</em>  sp.,  <em>P.  fluorescens </em>+ <em>B. subtilis, </em><em>P. fluorescens </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em>  sp., <em>B. subtilis </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em>  sp.,  and  <em>P.  fluorescens  </em>+  <em>B. subtilis   </em>+ <em>Azotobacter</em>  sp.) and control. The results showed that submerged seed with the three bacterial rhizobacteria significant compared to the control treatment and single treatment and two combination rhizobacteria, while without submerged seed with single or combination rhizobacteria not significant on the population of juvenile nematodes in the soil. Combination of <em>P. fluorescens </em>and<em> B. subtilis</em>with submerged seed capable of suppressing the population of  juvenile  nematodes  in the  roots  of 43.28%  when  compared with or without submerged seed.   Population  of  juvenile  nematodes  in the  roots by submerged seed and without submerged seed either single or combination rhizobacteria do not affect each other. <em>P. fluorescens </em>suppress nematode eggs are highest 86.39% and disease intensity by 71,95% where compared to control.</p>