bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Walls have ears: Word‐of‐mouth diffusions in targeted promotions decrease targeted customer retention
Authors: Chang Yaping , Li Xinlan , Wang Xingyu
Published: September 2023

Recent research suggests that targeted promotions have positive effects on targeted customers and negative effects on untargeted customers. However, the advent of market transparency increases the likelihood of untargeted customers' negative reactions reaching targeted customers. We examine this issue with four online experiments and find that for promotions targeted on infrequent customers, exposure (vs. no exposure) to negative word‐of‐mouth (WOM) from untargeted frequent customers does not affect targeted infrequent customers' current purchase intentions, but does reduce their intentions to remain with the marketer. Furthermore, we identify two moderators, such that when managers mention luck in the promotion delivery stage and when managers respond to negative online word‐of mouth (eWOM) from untargeted frequent customers and mention promotions targeted on frequent customers, they mitigate this negative effect. Our findings offer a new direction for the undesired effect of targeted promotions and identify the possibility that WOM diffusion reduces targeted customers' retention. We also provide valuable managerial insights on how to mitigate the negative effects of targeted promotions by framing the promotion as a result of luck, and by responding to and mentioning promotions targeted on frequent customers to negative eWOM from untargeted customers.
Bioinspired Engineering of Fillable Gradient Structure into Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Toward Ultra‐High Sensitivity and Wide Working Range
Authors: Hong Weiqiang , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Tianxu , Liu Yiyang , Yan Zihao , Zhang Anqi , Qian Zhibin , Wang Junyi , Zhang Xinyi , Jin Chengchao , Zhao Jingji , Liu Tiancheng , Hong Qi , Xu Yaohua , Xia Yun , Zhao Yunong
Published: September 2023

Tactile sensing is required for electronic skin and intelligent robots to function properly. However, the dielectric layer's poor structural compressibility in conventional pressure sensors results in a limited pressure sensing range and low sensitivity. To solve this issue, a flexible pressure sensor with a crocodile‐inspired fillable gradient structure is provided. The fillable gradient structure and grooves in the pressure sensor accommodate the deformed microstructure that permits the enhancement of the media layer compressibility via COMSOL finite element simulation and optimization. The pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of up to 0.97 k Pa−1 (0–4 kPa), a wide pressure detection range (7 Pa–380 kPa), and outstanding repeatability. The sensor can detect Morse code, robotic grabbing, and human motion monitoring. As a result, flexible sensors with a bionic fillable gradient structure pave the way for wearable devices and offer a novel method for achieving highly precise tactile perception.
Hydrogels for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing
Authors: Li Haizheng , Dai Chunai , Hu Yuandu
Published: September 2023

The development and synthesis of hydrogels for chemical and biosensing are of great value. Hydrogels can be tailored to its own physical structure, chemical properties, biocompatibility, and sensitivity to external stimuli when being used in a specific environment. Herein, hydrogels and their applications in chemical and biosensing are mainly covered. In particular, it is focused on the manner in which hydrogels serve as sensing materials to a specific analyte. Different types of responsive hydrogels are hence introduced and summarized. Researchers can modify different chemical groups on the skeleton of the hydrogels, which make them as good chemical and biosensing materials. Hydrogels have great application potential for chemical and biosensing in the biomedical field and some emerging fields, such as wearable devices.
A loophole in soap dispensers mediates contamination with Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Lucassen Ralf , van Leuven Nicole , Bockmühl Dirk
Published: September 2023

Liquid soap dispensers are widely used in domestic and clinical settings. In previous studies, the risk of bacterial contamination of refillable systems was pointed out and a bacterial contamination rate of 25%, with values of up to 108 colony‐forming units/mL (CFU/mL), was reported. However, the route of contamination remains elusive. To address this point, we determined the microbial contamination of refillable standard pump dispensers and nonrefillable press‐dispenser systems. Following the collection of 104 liquid soap dispensers from hotel rooms across Germany, bacterial counts were determined. Isolates of samples containing nonfastidious Gram‐negative(lac−) bacteria were further analyzed by the Vitek 2 system for the determination of species. 70.2% of the refillable pump dispensers (mean total bacterial count = 2.2 × 105 CFU/mL) but only 10.6% of the nonrefillable press dispensers, were contaminated (mean total bacterial count = 1.5 × 101 CFU/mL). Of samples containing nonfastidious Gram‐negative(lac−) bacteria, Pluralibacter gergoviae was present in 41.7%, Pseudomonads (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida) in 25%, Serratia marcescens in 16.7%, and Klebsiella oxytoca and Pasteurella testudinis in 8.3%. After the initial assessment, we contaminated different dispensing systems with P. aeruginosa/P. gergoviae, to reveal the route of contamination and identied the pressure release of standard pump dispensers as the loophole for microbial contamination.
JAMA: Plastic chemicals linked to PPD in pregnant women
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2023

Nonpersistent chemicals common in the environment, may be associated with postpartum depression (PPD), therefore representing a potentially modifiable risk factor, according to researchers of a new study in JAMA.
Turbocharging as a strategy to boost extended perforator flap vascularity in head and neck reconstruction—A report of two cases
Authors: Ramachandran Savitha , Chang Chao‐Wei , Wang Yu‐Chi , Huang Chao‐Hsin , Chew Khong Yik , Kuo Yur‐Ren
Published: September 2023

Perforator flap has been applied as the most common flap for soft tissue defect reconstruction. Here, we presented two cases using turbocharging procedure of perforator to perforator as a salvage strategy. The first case was a 54‐year‐old male with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the left buccal area and mouth floor. A 6 × 22 cm posteromedial thigh (PMT) flap was designed for reconstruction. The two eccentric perforators of the PMT flap could not conjoin together during dissection nearby the main pedicle of profunda femoral artery (PFA) resulting in inadequate perfusion. Side branched stump before clipped the branch of distal perforator was preserved, then the proximal perforator was divided and end‐to‐end anastomosis of side branch of distal perforator was done successfully. The second case was a 52‐year‐old male underwent wide composite excision of right tongue SCC. After excision, anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap around 7 × 15 cm was harvested from left thigh and two perforators were included which one tiny perforator supplied by the descending branch (DB) and the other major perforator originated from oblique branch (OB) of lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). However, the OB main perforator injury showed inadequate perfusion of flap. We trimmed the injury zone of OB perforator, and shift to re‐anastomosis of OB perforators to side branch of DB of LCFA directly. The flap demonstrated excellent perfusion immediately after the operation, and it exhibited complete survival 2 weeks postoperatively. These results indicated that the turbocharging procedure, from perforator to perforator, could serve as a strategy for salvaging perfusion‐compromised flaps, especially in cases of eccentric perforators or perforator injury resulting in inadequate perfusion.
Sulforaphane Mitigates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity by Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle via the HDAC8‐PGC1α Axis
Authors: Yang Hee , Hur Gihyun , Lee Tae Kyung , Kim Jong‐Eun , Kim Jong Hun , Kim Jong Rhan , Kim Jiyoung , Park Jung Han Yoon , Lee Ki Won
Published: September 2023

Scope

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various genes which can contribute to metabolic disorders. Although sulforaphane (SFN), a natural HDAC inhibitor, has been reported to alleviate obesity in humans and mice, the specific mechanisms and how HDACs contribute to SFN's anti‐obesity effects remain unclear.

Methods and results

Oral administration of SFN in mice fed high‐fat diet increases peroxisome proliferator activating receptor γ coactivator (PGC1α)‐induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Among HDACs, SFN specifically inhibits HDAC8 activity. SFN enhances mitochondrial DNA and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in C2C12 myotubes, similar to the action of PCI34051, a synthetic HDAC8‐specific inhibitor. These effects are mediated by increased expression of PGC1α via upregulation of cAMP response element binding (CREB, Ser133) phosphorylation and p53 (Lys379) acetylation. These SFN‐induced effects are not observed in cells with a genetic deletion of HDAC8, suggesting the existence of a regulatory loop between HDAC8 and PGC1α in SFN's action.

Conclusion

SFN prevents obesity‐related metabolic dysregulation by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function via targeting the HDAC8‐PGCα axis. These results suggest SFN as a beneficial anti‐obesity agent providing new insight into the role of HDAC8 in the PGC1α‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, which may be a novel and promising drug target for metabolic diseases.
Evaluation of cannibalism during hatchery rearing of tiger muskellunge crosses
Authors: Shields Robert , Wolf Skylar , Schwepe Connor
Published: September 2023

Objective

Juvenile tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy) are cannibalistic, which can lead to a substantial reduction in yields within an intensive culture environment. Utah hatcheries have traditionally raised the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, and hatchery managers are reluctant to raise the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike due to a perceived difference (increase) in cannibalism rates when rearing this cross.

Methods

We raised both crosses in replicated microcosms to evaluate the differential cannibalism between them. All rearing conditions were consistent among treatments and replicates. We evaluated weekly cannibalism using generalized linear regression models.

Result

After 6 weeks, we found that the female Muskellunge × male Northern Pike cross offspring were significantly more cannibalistic than juveniles from the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross, with total cannibalism across the 6-week period estimated at 27% and 5.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

We documented a previously unreported difference in tiger muskellunge cross cannibalism rates. Choosing the female Northern Pike × male Muskellunge cross could substantially increase survival of juvenile tiger muskellunge in aquaculture facilities.
Editors' outro: Navigating anthropological knowledge/journal content in tumultuous times
Authors: Raschig Megan , Flood David
Published: September 2023

We (Megan Raschig and David Flood) write this as the outgoing editors‐in‐chief of JANA, having started our term in Spring 2020. Our goal in this “outro” is to reflect on some lessons from our editorship, unfolding as it did through the pandemic and a series of unsettling changes to AAA publishing. We share understandings and concerns that transcend our journal and speak to the transformations in the ways we develop, write, read, publish, and share anthropological knowledge.
Evaluation of shoreline rotenone application to control Largemouth Bass recruitment in small impoundments
Authors: Coleman Tyler Steven , Eckelbecker Robert W. , Carlson Andrew K. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. , Staton Benjamin A. , Parker Stephen W. , Chittam Collin R. , Lovell Richard G. , Catalano Matthew J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Reducing Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides recruitment and therefore population density could benefit recreational fisheries in small impoundments by improving individual growth rates and increasing the average size and condition of Largemouth Bass. To achieve these effects, methods of controlling Largemouth Bass recruitment should avoid reducing the productivity of their primary prey species, the Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.

Methods

We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the effects of shoreline rotenone application on the density of Bluegill and the density, growth, and survival of age-0 and age-1 Largemouth Bass in 15 Alabama small impoundments.

Result

After treatment, Largemouth Bass age-0 densities declined and mean age-1 length increased, whereas Bluegill populations were not significantly reduced.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that shoreline rotenone application may be a valuable method for reducing Largemouth Bass recruitment and increasing the growth of age-1 Largemouth Bass in small impoundments. However, further research is needed to understand the effects of treatment on nontarget fishes and to better assess the effects of factors such as impoundment surface area and treatment frequency and duration on the ultimate utility of the approach.
Low-level infection of parasitic copepods on Rainbow Trout does not affect vulnerability to angling or short-term survival following catch-and-release angling
Authors: Swain-Menzel Hannah N. , Billman Eric J.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Parasitic copepods, or “gill lice,” can harm fish hosts, resulting in reductions in fitness and increased probability of mortality. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of Salmincola californiensis on the vulnerability of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to recreational angling and short-term survival after being caught and released.

Methods

We compared the prevalence and intensity of infection of S. californiensis on Rainbow Trout that were caught while angling and with a backpack electrofisher in May and October 2020 in Birch Creek, Idaho. In October, we also conducted a stress test (air-exposure treatment) on trout that were caught by angling to determine the effects of parasitic copepods on the short-term survival of Rainbow Trout in a catch-and-release fishery.

Result

Infection with S. californiensis did not influence the vulnerability of Rainbow Trout to angling. After adjusting for sample size and size distribution, the prevalence of infection in May was 48.3% for Rainbow Trout that were caught while electrofishing and 49.3% for Rainbow Trout that were caught while angling. In October, the prevalence of infection was 41.2% for Rainbow Trout that were caught while electrofishing and 41.8% for Rainbow Trout that were caught while angling. We did not find a difference in short-term survival rates for infected and uninfected Rainbow Trout after the stress test (4–7 days after the test).

Conclusion

We did not observe consequences of infection by parasitic copepods on vulnerability to angling or short-term survival of Rainbow Trout in Birch Creek. However, the conditions (low-level of infection and relatively small fish) may not have been conducive to detecting differences in the performance metrics; further testing at higher intensity of infection and with larger fish may uncover the negative effects of parasitic copepods on Rainbow Trout.
Financial burden and recommended multilevel solutions among caregivers of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Waters Austin R. , Biddell Caitlin B. , Killela Mary , Kasow Kimberly A. , Page Kristin , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Drier Sarah W. , Kelly Matthew S. , Robles Joanna , Spees Lisa P.
Published: September 2023

Background

The healthcare costs of patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are substantial. At the same time, the increasing use of pediatric HSCT leaves more caregivers of pediatric HSCT recipients at risk for financial burden—an understudied area of research.

Methods

Financial burden experienced by caregivers of recipients who received autologous or allogeneic transplants was assessed using an explanatory mixed‐methods design including a one‐time survey and semi‐structured interviews. Financial burden was assessed through an adapted COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) as well as questions about the types of out‐of‐pocket costs and cost‐coping behaviors. Chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in costs incurred and coping behaviors by financial toxicity and financial toxicity by demographic factors. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results

Of 99 survey participants, 64% experienced high financial toxicity (COST 22). Caregivers with high financial toxicity were more likely to report costs related to transportation and diet. High financial toxicity was associated with nearly all cost‐coping behaviors (e.g., borrowed money). High financial toxicity was also associated with increased use of hospital financial support and transportation assistance. Qualitative analysis resulted in four categories that were integrated with quantitative findings: (1) care‐related out‐of‐pocket costs incurred, (2) cost‐coping behaviors, (3) financial support resources used, and (4) multilevel recommendations for reducing financial burden.

Conclusions

Considering the substantial, long‐term financial burden among pediatric HSCT patients and their caregivers, this population would benefit from adapted and tailored financial burden interventions.
Investigation on the mold‐less curing process of 3D printing continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites based on thermoplastic shells constraint
Authors: Zhao Yatao , Wang Jie , Duan Yugang , Liang Jin , Wang Ben , Xiao Hong , Xin Zhibo
Published: September 2023

To overcome the dependence of continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites (CCFRTCs) on molds during the curing, a thermoset continuous fiber prepreg filament and thermoplastic filament alternate printing method was proposed. CCFRTCs with thin thermoplastic shells were prepared based on the method, and the confinement of thermoplastic shells enabled the mold‐less curing of CCFRTCs. The influence of key curing process parameters on the flexural properties of the specimens was systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that the flexural properties of the prepared composites were correlated positively with the vacuum degree and showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasement of impregnation time and curing temperature. Through x‐ray computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, the effect of key curing process parameters on the flexural properties of the CCFRTCs was clarified. Under the guidance of suitable curing process parameters, the flexural strength and modulus of the composite reached 482.89 MPa and 35.11 GPa, which were significantly better than most existing 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Finally, complex components were prepared to verify the feasibility and versatility of the technique.

Highlights

A CCFRTCs mold‐less curing method was proposed.

The effect of key parameters on the properties of CCFRTCs was clarified.

Both the advantages of thermoset and thermoplastic materials were obtained.

Complex components with low porosity were prepared.
Mechanical and electromagnetic response of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy polymer composites at different orientations
Authors: Jyoti Jeevan , Chauhan Gaurav Singh , Yang Seunghwa , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Kumar Amit , Kim Ki Hyeon , Gu Minji , Sandhu Manjit , Majumder Sutripto , Kumar Navin , Tripathi S. K.
Published: September 2023

T‐300 6K carbon fabric fiber‐reinforced epoxy laminated composites are prepared by in‐situ and hot‐compression molding technique. The main emphasis of this study is to examine the impact of the structural deformations on fiber orientations of laminated composites during vibrational damping, stiffness, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The damping properties of carbon fiber laminated composites are analyzed in terms of natural frequency and logarithmic decrement. The digital image correlation technique has been used to measure the mode shape behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The dynamic behavior of the CFRP laminated composites has significant effect on the fiber orientations in terms of storage, loss modulus, and damping ratio. The value of EMI shielding of CFRP laminated composites of T‐300 6K based CFRP polymer laminated composites has slight variations in the SET and their values are 107.17 (B‐45), 106.33 (B‐30), and 110.0 dB (B‐0). The vibrational and EMI shielding properties are showing a huge potential for these kinds of CFRP laminated composites in military and aircraft applications.

Highlights

CFRP laminated epoxy composites were fabricated by hand layup technique.

The ply orientation of CFRP composites were affected the mechanical properties.

DIC was used to determine the mode shapes of laminated composites.

CFRP laminated composite exhibited excellent EMI properties.
Computational design of nucleating agents of poly (methyl methacrylate) microcellular foams: “savanna‐like” surface structures and their effects on foaming
Authors: Ono Takumi , Yoda Satoshi , Kageyama Daichi , Saito Yoko , Takebayashi Yoshihiro , Tai Tetsuro , Otani Minoru
Published: September 2023

To further the computational design of polymer foaming, this work investigated the interactions between polymer and nucleating agents by evaluating the removal forces needed to remove the polymer from the nucleating agent using molecular dynamics simulations. Silica nanoparticles modified with different organic groups and different surface modification ratios represented model nucleating agents and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), a model polymer. Modified organic groups with a certain length and flexibility grafted sparsely on the silica surface, creating a “savanna‐like” structure, increased the interaction between PMMA and the silica nanoparticle. The simulation results predicted the effects of the modified organic group and surface modification ratio R of the silica nanoparticle seen in actual batch foaming experiments using CO2 and PMMA with modified silica nanoparticles. Cell size shows a minimum and cell nucleation density a maximum in the foamed polymer under certain conditions, which correlate with the simulation results for the interactions between the polymer and nucleating agent. Based on the correspondence between the simulation and the experimental results, the effectiveness of such simulations for the design of nucleation agents appeared promising.

Highlights

Computational design of nucleating agents for microcellular foams.

Evaluation of the interaction of polymers with various nucleating agents.

Large interactions due to the “savanna‐like” structure of nucleating agents.

Demonstration of polymer foaming with designed nucleating agents.
Mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene with nodular or spherulite morphologies
Authors: Fukuda Yuta , Kida Takumitsu , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: September 2023

α‐form crystalline isotactic polypropylene (PP) was prepared by two methods: quenching from the melt state at slow or high crystallization rates. The mechanical properties of the resulting PP samples were evaluated using tensile and stress–relaxation tests to investigate the influence of nodular or spherulite morphologies. PP samples with different morphologies had almost the same crystallinity after annealing at 100°C for 5 h. The yielding stress, strain‐hardening modulus, and strength of the nodular PP were higher than those of the spherulite PP, although the crystallinity was almost the same for both PP samples. Furthermore, the relaxation time during the stress–relaxation process at ε = 4.0 was longer for the nodular PP than for the spherulite PP. The lamellar structure of a spherulite morphology comprises parent and daughter lamellar crystals, whereas that of a nodular morphology prepared via a mesophase structure comprises only parent lamellar crystals. The formation of the daughter lamellae reduces the number of tie chains. Therefore, the nodular PP has more tie chains than the spherulite PP. This transformation from a spherulite to a nodular morphology improved the mechanical properties of the PP.

Highlights

Influences of morphology on mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP).

Tensile properties were higher for nodular PP than spherulite PP.

Relaxation time of nodular PP was longer than spherulite PP.

Nodular PP has more tie chains, resulting in improvements of tensile properties.
Regenerated cellulose fabricated from oil palm biomass integrated with bismuth ferrite for methyl orange degradation
Authors: Hassan N. A. Abu , Mohamad Haafiz M. K. , Weerasooriya P. R. D. , Abdul Khalil H.P.S , Kaus Noor Haida Mohd , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Jawaid M. , Chen R. S.
Published: September 2023

The degradation of methyl orange (MO) as an anionic dye was evaluated with the aid of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) impregnated regenerated cellulo se (RC) nanocomposite film as a photocatalyst. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used to obtain the RC films using the solution casting method, wherein BiFeO3 (0–5 wt%) was added into the MCC dissolution ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride system. The film characterization was accomplished by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, TGA, SEM and vibrational sample magnetometry. The photocatalytic performance of the film was evaluated by treating the catalyst dye mixture under direct sunlight until significant colour removal of the dye was observed. The concentration of the dye at each time interval was determined with the aid of UV–visible spectroscopy. According to the findings about characterization, BiFeO3 showed good compatibility with RC, and the impregnation of BiFeO3 in RC did not alter the physicochemical properties of pure RC. The photocatalyst showed a 90% degradation of 10 ppm MO as maximum with 3 wt% BiFeO3 loading at pH 2 and the catalytic performance was stabilized for four cycles. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Substantial downregulation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal proteins during acute kidney injury revealed by data‐independent acquisition proteomics
Authors: Burton Jordan B. , Silva‐Barbosa Anne , Bons Joanna , Rose Jacob , Pfister Katherine , Simona Fabia , Gandhi Tejas , Reiter Lukas , Bernhardt Oliver , Hunter Christie L. , Goetzman Eric S. , Sims‐Lucas Sunder , Schilling Birgit
Published: September 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) manifests as a major health concern, particularly for the elderly. Understanding AKI‐related proteome changes is critical for prevention and development of novel therapeutics to recover kidney function and to mitigate the susceptibility for recurrent AKI or development of chronic kidney disease. In this study, mouse kidneys were subjected to ischemia‐reperfusion injury, and the contralateral kidneys remained uninjured to enable comparison and assess injury‐induced changes in the kidney proteome. A ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometer was optimized for data‐independent acquisition (DIA) to achieve comprehensive protein identification and quantification. Short microflow gradients and the generation of a deep kidney‐specific spectral library allowed for high‐throughput, comprehensive protein quantification. Upon AKI, the kidney proteome was completely remodeled, and over half of the 3945 quantified protein groups changed significantly. Downregulated proteins in the injured kidney were involved in energy production, including numerous peroxisomal matrix proteins that function in fatty acid oxidation, such as ACOX1, CAT, EHHADH, ACOT4, ACOT8, and Scp2. Injured kidneys exhibited severely damaged tissues and injury markers. The comprehensive and sensitive kidney‐specific DIA‐MS assays feature high‐throughput analytical capabilities to achieve deep coverage of the kidney proteome, and will serve as useful tools for developing novel therapeutics to remediate kidney function.
The influence of the substrate temperature on the growth mechanism of amine‐ and thiol‐based plasma polymers: A comparative study
Authors: Vinx Nathan , Leclère Philippe , Poleunis Claude , Delcorte Arnaud , Mathieu Pierre , Cossement Damien , Snyders Rony , Thiry Damien
Published: September 2023

This work aims to provide new insights into the link between the growth mechanisms of functionalized plasma polymer films (PPFs) and the substrate temperature (TS). By means of AFM‐based techniques, it has been demonstrated that the mechanical behavior of the coatings is dramatically affected by TS and the precursor employed (i.e., 1‐propanethiol or 1‐propylamine). While propylamine‐based PPFs behave as hard elastic materials regardless of TS, propanethiol‐based PPFs evolve from viscous liquids to elastic solids with increasing TS. This behavior can be understood considering the glass transition temperature of PPF. For both precursors, the latter is correlated to the cross‐linking density controlled through the energy density brought by positive ions to the growing film.
Effects of weekend rehabilitation on vertebral compression fractures in the elderly
Authors: Asahi Ryoma , Kamo Tomohiko , Yuguchi Satoshi , Azami Masato , Ogihara Hirofumi , Momosaki Ryo
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of rehabilitation and without weekend therapy on Activities of daily living (ADL) and readmission in vertebral fracture patients aged 60 years and older.

Methods

The present study used a hospital‐based database created by JMDC Inc. The JMDC hospital‐based database is an epidemiological database that has been storing medical claims and Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey data. This study included 40,743 admitted patients aged 60 years or older who were admitted for rehabilitation purposes with a diagnosis of compression fracture of the thoracic and/or lumbar spine based on a previous diagnostic survey. We extracted the medical information from the database. Patients who received rehabilitation 7 days a week were classified into two groups: the “weekend rehabilitation group” and “nonweekend rehabilitation group.” To reduce confounding effects related to differences in patient background, we used propensity score with multiple logistic regression models. Analysis of the JMDC database was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Review Board (approval number: 1228‐1). Because all data were anonymized, informed consent was not required.

Results

Propensity score matching resulted in 13,790 cases being included in the analysis. Barthel index (BI) at discharge, change in BI, and readmission were significantly different between the weekend rehabilitation and nonweekend rehabilitation groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested a reduced odds of readmission with weekend rehabilitation (odds ratio = 0.907, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.843–0.975, p‐value = 0.008). Furthermore, greater changes in BI and BI at discharge were associated with the effect of weekend rehabilitation (unstandardized [B] = 3.922, 95% CI = 2.925–4.919), (unstandardized [B] = 3.512, 9% CI = 2.424–4.6), respectively.

Conclusions

Weekend rehabilitation was considered as an important part of the treatment program to acquire ADL and to prevent readmission.
Population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling of clopidogrel for dose regimen optimization based on CYP2C19 phenotypes: A proof of concept study
Authors: Jung Yun Seob , Jin Byung Hak , Park Min Soo , Kim Choon Ok , Chae Dongwoo
Published: September 2023

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug used to reduce the risk of acute coronary syndrome and stroke. It is converted by CYP2C19 to its active metabolite; therefore, poor metabolizers (PMs) of CYP2C19 exhibit diminished antiplatelet effects. Herein, we conducted a proof‐of‐concept study for using population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling to recommend a personalized clopidogrel dosing regimen for individuals with varying CYP2C19 phenotypes and baseline P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) levels. Data from a prospective phase I clinical trial involving 36 healthy male participants were used to develop the population PK‐PD model predicting the concentrations of clopidogrel, clopidogrel H4, and clopidogrel carboxylic acid, and linking clopidogrel H4 concentrations to changes in PRU levels. A two‐compartment model effectively described the PKs of both clopidogrel and clopidogrel carboxylic acid, and a one‐compartment model of those of clopidogrel H4. The CYP2C19 phenotype was identified as a significant covariate influencing the metabolic conversion of the parent drug to its metabolites. A PD submodel of clopidogrel H4 that stimulated the fractional turnover rate of PRU levels showed the best performance. Monte Carlo simulations suggested that PMs require three to four times higher doses than extensive metabolizers to reach the target PRU level. Individuals within the top 20th percentile of baseline PRU levels were shown to require 2.5–3 times higher doses than those in the bottom 20th percentile. We successfully developed a population PK‐PD model for clopidogrel considering the impact of CYP2C19 phenotypes and baseline PRU levels. Further studies are necessary to confirm actual dosing recommendations for clopidogrel.
A Novel Barbell‐Shaped Perforated Auxetic Metastructure with Superior Auxetic Effect
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhu Yilin , Wang Yihe , Li Jian
Published: September 2023

Recently, artificial perforated auxetic metastructures with negative Poisson's ratio have attracted considerable attention with the superior mechanical properties. The concepts and design methods of various types of perforated auxetic metastructures have developed rapidly. However, the effective Poisson's ratio exhibited by the majority of current perforated auxetic metastructures has a lower limit of −1, which restrains their potential applications significantly. Herein, a novel 2D perforated auxetic metastructure is proposed by arraying orthogonal barbell‐shaped holes onto a sheet structure. The mechanical properties and the underlying deformation mechanism of the proposed auxetic metastructure are then investigated by performing experimental tests and finite element simulations. Results show that the lower limit of the Poisson's ratio exhibited by the proposed auxetic metastructure surpasses −1 remarkably and the proposed design hence exhibits much better auxetic performance compared with existing designs. It is also revealed that the proposed design exhibits relatively low local stress distribution. The results of this study will broaden the potential applications of perforated auxetic metastructures in many engineering fields.
Exploring the structural, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Ti‐V solid solutions
Authors: Pan Yong , Zhu Jiaxin
Published: September 2023

Although Ti‐V based high‐temperature alloys are used in aerospace engine, rocket engine and hot sections, the structure and mechanical properties of Ti‐V alloys remains controversy. To explore the correlation between structural and mechanical properties, we apply employed the DFT method to study the phases stability, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Ti‐V solid solution. Two Ti‐V solid solutions: Ti(V)ss solid solution and V(Ti)ss solid solution are discussed. Two Ti‐V solid solutions are thermodynamic stability. In particular, the Ti‐V solid solution prefers to form V(Ti)ss solid solution, in while the V(Ti)ss solid solution remains cubic structure. Furthermore, the Ti(V)ss solid solution is a mechanical instability. However, the V(Ti)ss solid solution is a mechanical stability. Here, the bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young's modulus of V(Ti)ss solid solution are 136.9, 23.5 and 66.7 GPa. In particular, the bulk modulus of V(Ti)ss solid solution is higher than the bulk modulus of the pure Ti. In addition, the V(Ti)ss solid solution shows better ductility compared to the pure Ti and V. Naturally, the stability and mechanical properties of V(Ti) solid solution is related to the Ti‐V metallic bond because of the localized hybridization between the Ti(3d) and V(3d).
3‐Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane Capped ZnO Quantum Dots for Acrylamide Detection
Authors: Saber Goerget , Badie Gamal , El‐Dissouky Ali , Ebrahim Shaker , Shokry Azza
Published: September 2023

Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic, neurotoxin, and pregnancy‐harmful agent produced in food thermal processing. A specified excellent analytical technique performance is desired for detecting low AA concentration for human protection from its adverse impacts. A photoluminescent sensor APTES capped zinc oxide quantum dots (APTES/ZnO QDs) has been synthesized for AA quantification. Different capping agent's effects, for instance, triethanolamine (TEA), oleic acid (OA), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and ethyl acetate (EA) on ZnO QDs are examined. The photoluminescence (PL) response of pristine ZnO QDs and APTES/ZnO QDs probe toward AA concentrations is investigated. This developed sensor exhibits selectivity as well as sensitivity for detecting AA ranging from 0.01 to 8.0 mM with a strong correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0019 mM, which is lesser than the WHO and European Union's guideline value. The possible photoluminescence enhancement mechanism of the APTES/ZnO QDs probe for AA detection is studied. Additionally, the reliability and performance of this facile, rapid, and precise analytical technique for quantifying AA in potato chip samples is confirmed and revealed satisfactory recoveries from 99.30 to 101.69% with relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.4 to 1.6%.
Auxiliary model‐based interval‐varying maximum likelihood estimation for nonlinear systems with missing data
Authors: Xia Huafeng , Wu Zhengle , Xu Sheng , Liu Lijuan , Li Yang , Zhou Yin
Published: September 2023

The identification problem of nonlinear system with missing data is focused in this article. In order to overcome the system unavailable outputs, an auxiliary model‐based interval‐varying recursive identification method is derived by changing the sampling interval and substituting the missing output with the output of an auxiliary model. Based on the maximum likelihood principle and the least‐squares method, a maximum likelihood‐based interval‐varying recursive least‐squares method is investigated. The validity of the proposed maximum likelihood method is tested by a numerical simulation example and a practical continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process.
Single‐Ion Conductive Polymer‐Based Composite Electrolytes for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wen Kaihua , Guan Shundong , Liu Sijie , Yuan Haocheng , Liang Ying , Yu Dengfeng , Zhang Zheng , Li Liangliang , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: September 2023

Flexible composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with inorganic electrolyte fillers dispersed in polymer electrolytes integrate the merits of the polymer and inorganic electrolytes and have attracted much attention in recent years. In order to increase the electrochemical performance, especially the low lithium (Li)‐ion transference number in traditional dual‐ion Li salt‐containing CPEs, single‐ion conductive CPEs are synthesized with a single‐ion polymer conductor (SIPC) as the matrix and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles as the active fillers. The single‐ion conductive CPEs show a high Li‐ion transference number (up to 0.96), high room‐temperature (RT) ionic conductivity (>1.0 × 10−4 S cm−1), wide electrochemical stability window (>5.0 V, vs Li/Li+), and excellent long‐term cycling stability with Li metal at RT (3200 h). Based on the SIPC‐LLZTO CPE, the solid‐state lithium metal batteries with LiFePO4‐ and LiCoO2‐based cathodes deliver average discharge capacities of 159 mAh g−1 for 600 cycles and 119 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles at RT, respectively. This study sheds light on the design of high‐performance CPEs for next‐generation solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Nanorheology and Nanoindentation Revealed a Softening and an Increased Viscous Fluidity of Adherent Mammalian Cells upon Increasing the Frequency
Authors: Gisbert Victor G. , Espinosa Francsico M. , Sanchez Juan G. , Serrano Maria Concepcion , Garcia Ricardo
Published: September 2023

The nanomechanical response of a cell depends on the frequency at which the cell is probed. The components of the cell that contribute to this property and their interplay are not well understood. Here, two force microscopy methods are integrated to characterize the frequency and/or the velocity‐dependent properties of living cells. It is shown on HeLa and fibroblasts, that cells soften and fluidize upon increasing the frequency or the velocity of the deformation. This property was independent of the type and values (25 or 1000 nm) of the deformation. At low frequencies (2‐10 Hz) or velocities (1–10 µm s−1), the response is dominated by the mechanical properties of the cell surface. At higher frequencies (>10 Hz) or velocities (>10 µm s−1), the response is dominated by the hydrodynamic drag of the cytosol. Softening and fluidization does not seem to involve any structural remodeling. It reflects a redistribution of the applied stress between the solid and liquid‐like elements of the cell as the frequency or the velocity is changed. The data indicates that the quasistatic mechanical properties of a cell featuring a cytoskeleton pathology might be mimicked by the response of a non‐pathological cell which is probed at a high frequency.
Scalable Preparation of Polyimide Sandwiched Separator for Durable High‐Rate Lithium‐Metal Battery
Authors: Zhou Kangjie , Wang Yang , Mei Jiabing , Zhang Xu , Xue Tiantian , Fan Wei , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi , Xie Yi
Published: September 2023

The ever‐growing demands for efficient energy storage accelerate the development of high‐rate lithium‐metal battery (LMB) with desirable energy density, power density, and cycling stability. Nevertheless, the practical application of LMB is critically impeded by internal temperature rise and lithium dendrite growth, especially at high charge/discharge rates. It is highly desired but remains challenging to develop high‐performance thermotolerant separators that can provide favorable channels to enable fast Li+ transport for high‐rate operation and simultaneously homogenize the lithium deposition for dendrite inhibition. Polyimide‐based separators with superior thermal properties are promising candidate alternatives to the commercial polyolefin‐based separators, but previous strategies of designing either nanoporous or microporous channels in polyimide‐based separators often meet a dilemma. Here, a facile and scalable approach is reported to develop a polyimide fiber/aerogel (denoted as PIFA) separator with the microporous polyimide fiber membrane sandwiched between two nanoporous polyimide aerogel layers, which can enable LMBs with remarkable capacity retention of 97.2% after 1500 cycles at 10 C. The experimental and theoretical studies unravel that the sandwiched structure of PIFA can appreciably enhance the electrolyte adsorption and ionic conductivity; while, the aerogel coating can effectively inhibit dendrite growth to realize durable high‐rate LMBs.
Chemotactic Micro/Nanomotors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xia Xue , Li Yue , Xiao Xiangyu , Zhang Ziqiang , Mao Chun , Li Ting , Wan Mimi
Published: September 2023

In nature, many organisms respond chemotactically to external chemical stimuli in order to extract nutrients or avoid danger. Inspired by this natural chemotaxis, micro/nanomotors with chemotactic properties have been developed and applied to study a variety of disease models. This chemotactic strategy has shown promising results and has attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers. This paper mainly reviews the construction methods of different types of chemotactic micro/nanomotors, the mechanism of chemotaxis, and the potential applications in biomedicine. First, based on the classification of materials, the construction methods and therapeutic effects of chemotactic micro/nanomotors based on natural cells and synthetic materials in cellular and animal experiments will be elaborated in detail. Second, the mechanism of chemotaxis of micro/nanomotors is elaborated in detail: chemical reaction induced chemotaxis and physical process driven chemotaxis. In particular, the main differences and significant advantages between chemotactic micro/nanomotors and magnetic, electrical and optical micro/nanomotors are described. The applications of chemotactic micro/nanomotors in the biomedical fields in recent years are then summarized, focusing on the mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Finally, the authors are looking forward to the future development of chemotactic micro/nanomotors in the biomedical fields.
Hierarchical‐Bioinspired MOFs Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Rehman Sajid ur , Xu Shuai , Li Zehua , Tao Tongxiang , Zhang Jing , Xia Haining , Xu Hunagtao , Ma Kun , Wang Junfeng
Published: September 2023

Proteins exhibit complex and diverse multi‐dimensional structures, along with a wide range of functional groups capable of binding metal ions. By harnessing the unique characteristics of proteins, it is possible to enhance the synthesis of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and modify their morphology. Here, the utilization of biomineralized bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein as a template for synthesizing Mil‐100 with superior microwave absorption (MA) properties is investigated. The multi‐dimensional structure and abundant functional groups of biomineralized BSA protein make it an ideal candidate for guiding the synthesis of Mil‐100 with intricate network structures. The BSA@Mil‐100 synthesized using this method exhibits exceptional uniformity and monodispersity of nanocrystals. The findings suggest that the BSA protein template significantly influences the regulation of nanocrystal and microstructure formation of Mil‐100, resulting in a highly uniform and monodisperse structure. Notably, the synthesized 2‐BSA@Mil‐100 demonstrates a high reflection loss value of −58 dB at 8.85 GHz, along with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth value of 6.79 GHz, spanning from 6.01 to 12.8 GHz. Overall, this study highlights the potential of utilizing BSA protein as a template for MOF synthesis, offering an effective strategy for the design and development of high‐performance MA materials.