bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the results of the speech of the football team "Mercury" in modern conditions
Authors: Dembitska Olena , Chaichenko Nataliia , Yanchenko Iryna , Pyvovarov Andriy
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the features of the features of the competitive activity of the football team "Mercury" of the University in modern conditions. For the team, the tasks of the sports season are often solved, depending on the level of football matches: improvement of tactical structures of the game, level of physical and functional preparation, technique of specialized movements, interactions between players, tactics of conducting a competitive match, determination of the main team structure, development of a strategy for participation in the next match. The features of competitive activity depend on the amount of physical activity and the complex impact on the expression of physical skills; it is possible to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the physical preparation of football players. The effectiveness of psychological training of football players provides a good game, positive interaction in competitive activities. The team of higher education students worthily represents our country at national and international sports competitions of different levels and at sports student forums. Always focused on the team play, on the result and with their small victories they bring closer to the most significant victory of the whole Ukraine. The analysis of the peculiarities of competitive activity showed that there is a necessity always determines the main directions of the training process, which allows adjusting the management system of sports training of the football team "Mercury". The football team at the university in modern conditions is provided with all the important conditions for performing in competitions.
Methodological features of using of the element «squat»
Authors: Kosynskyi E.
Published: March 2023

The paper analyzes the technical element «squat», considers the options for its use in choreography and their interpretation in national associations, highlights the basic parts of this movement, typical for different squats. A general scheme of the «squat» element is proposed, which allows one to freely master and apply it, depending on the increase in the level of theoretical material and practical implementation, thus avoiding significant indicators that should be combined with technical development and a variety of assortment of this element of martial arts. Examples of the use of a squat in the form of a counterattack are given, using the energy of the body's inertia in the process of transition from a standing position to a crouching position. The effectiveness of plyometric exercises in the conditions of modern training and the possibility of their wide use in the form of such an element as a «squat» are considered. The expediency of using this element as a means of developing speed-strength abilities is also substantiated. Various classic and innovative options for using squats are presented, both in a practical and applied aspect, and in the aspect of effective development of physical qualities. Proposes the author's method of using the squat as an element of an applied nature, and as a means of developing speed-strength qualities.
Analysis of the psychophysical state military officers under the influence of special exercises
Authors: Kuznetsova L. I. , Dolzhenko L. P. , Stadnik O. O. , Perehinets M. M.
Published: March 2023

The article considers the theoretical and methodological principles of military personnel's physical training. Despite the constant technical modernization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, modern combat conditions today associate with considerable physical stress. The combat activity of many military specialists in modern conditions has features of considerable physical work, which is associated with large, and in some cases, with maximum physical exertions. The results of research also presented the requirements for the physical preparedness of military personnel, the level of development of their general and speed-strength endurance and the degree of formation of military-applied motor skills. According to the results of the conducted research was analyzed the character of the physical activity showed by military personnel in the process of training and combat activities. Has been proven the fact that mainly prevailed physical exercises of considerable and moderate capacity, which aimed at the development of general endurance, and at the same time insufficient attention is paid to the development of special physical qualities and the formation of military-applied motor skills. It is justified that one of the effective ways to solve this problem is to use physical exercises and applied military sports. It is substantiated the special orientation of physical training in the system of military-professional activity: the task of physical training is divided into two groups of military specialties, which are taught in military educational institutions. Higher educational institutions with a expressed motor component (a direct relationship between physical preparedness and the effectiveness of future professional activity) and higher educational institutions that train specialists with an unexpressed motor component in the structure of future professional activity. The article provides data that determine the interaction of special physical training and the psychophysical state of military personnel, presents the method of developing special psychophysical qualities of military personnel by means of physical education. It has been developed practical recommendations on the use of special focused exercises during military activities and their influence on the psychophysical condition of military personnel.
The Peculiarities of CrossFit Practice in Student Youth Physical Education
Authors: Mytchyk Oleksandr
Published: March 2023

The article presents and analyses the peculiarities of physical education of undergraduates by means of CrossFit practice. The study shows that CrossFit as a modern sport should motivate undergraduates to regularly attend and teach Physical Education classes to develop their athletic abilities. The topicality of the ideas mentioned is quite obvious for the problem still needs further research.

CrossFit is a fitness sport focused on keeping individual’s muscles active on a regular basis to be able to lead a healthy life. Due to simple physical exercises all groups of muscles, including deep ones, are activated, which might be quite challenging to do in the process of common forms of exercise or cardio training.

CrossFit is a fitness program consisting of a variety and mix of exercises. While planning the CrossFit training one should rationally consider the level of physical exertion in terms of gender, age, individual physical abilities. In addition, the amount and intensity of physical exercises must be accounted for.

CrossFit is a competitive fitness sport providing effective training for military personnel as well as security and defence sector staff whose professional activities require high level of physical fitness. Its general methodology is extensively practised with pupils, students and specialists-to-be in the sphere of Physical Education and Sport.

However, the above-mentioned ideas do not fully solve the problem. There are still issues that need further comprehensive investigation. CrossFit system and its influence on physical abilities of different population groups is of particular importance.
Approaches to assessing competitive activity in team sports games
Authors: Mitova O. , Maloyvan Ya. , Khaniukova O. , Ivchenko O. , Rakovska I.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the state of the problem of using different approaches to the assessment of competitive activity in team sports games. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the assessment of competitive activity in team sports games based on scientific and methodological literature. Research methodology: analysis of special, scientific and methodological literature, analysis of computer programs for the analysis of competitive activity, systematic method, generalization and systematization of data. Research results. In the course of the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature, reserves for further scientific researches in this area were revealed, namely the development of a system for comprehensive control of the competitive activity of young basketball players, the basis of which should be: modern trends in the development of children's and youth basketball (changes in the rules of the game, special regulations of competitions taking into account age characteristics, the calendar of competitions during the annual cycle, the amount of games); inconsistency of the content of modern technical and tactical actions with control tests (the one is studied - the other is controlled); the absence of a differentiated approach to the selection of tests depending on the age and stage of preparation, the period of the annual cycle; lack of a comprehensive assessment of special abilities affecting the effectiveness of competitive activity (assessment of theoretical preparedness, psychological state, special psychological preparation); lack of a program for evaluating technical and tactical actions during competitive activity, designed specifically to control the mastery of actions taking into account the tasks for the multi-year training stage of young basketball players and the specific features of team playing.

Conclusion. In the study, the attempt to determine the basic elements of the system for evaluating competitive activity in team sports games, which, of course, can be improved and expanded in the future was made .
An Overview of the Strength of Implementing Democratic Values in an Islamic Boarding School Atmosphere
Authors: Halomoan Ibnu Siregar , Moeis Isnarmi , Yakubu Abubakar
Published: March 2023

This study aims to explore and describe the power of implementing democratic values in the atmosphere of the Darul Istiqomah Islamic boarding school in Padangsidimpuan City. This study uses case study research with qualitative characteristics. The process of collecting data in this study through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies The results of the study show: An overview of the strength of implementing democratic values in the atmosphere of the Darul Istiqomah Islamic boarding school in Padangsidimpuan City, Learning design activities, Learning process activities, Socializing activities and activities in the dormitory, Monthly activities and students' days, Civics Learning Activities, Ta'awun activities, Learning activities on fiqh and Ahklak materials, Activities giving sanctions or punishments, Flag ceremony activities and PHBN, Social and cooperation activities, Pencak Silat extracurricular activities and others.
Analisa Dan Optimasi Produksi Sumur Migas Di PEP Bekasi
Authors: Widodo Hernowo , M Samsuri  , Samsul Ma’rif
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Based on the results of the mass balance analysis and a review at PEP, it was concluded that the total feed intake from all wells was BOPD at 770 barrels/day, gas at 12.1882 MMSCFD, and BLPD at 15975.2 barrels/day, the total product produced was 8 ,541226% oil at 1568.760 barrels/day, 8.989134% condensate at 1651.027 barrels/day, 0.056535% gas at 10.3838214 MMSCFD, and 82.4131% water injection at 15136.748 barrels/day . In the Water Injection Plant process it produces sludge of 16286.812 kg or 0.90001% of the processed formation water, the formation of sludge is due to the addition of chemicals in the formation water treatment process.
Keywords: Mass balance, crude oil, gas
 Abstrak           
Berdasarkan hasil analisis neraca massa dan peninjauan di PEP didapatkan  antara lain total feed masuk dari seluruh sumur adalah BOPD sebesar 770 barrel/hari, gas sebesar 12,1882 MMSCFD, dan BLPD sebesar 15975,2 barrel/hari, total produk yang dihasilkan adalah 8,541226% minyak sebesar 1568,760 barrel/hari, 8,989134% condensat sebesar 1651,027 barrel/hari, 0,056535% gas sebesar 10,3838214 MMSCFD, dan 82,4131% air injeksi sebesar 15136,748 barrel/hari. Pada proses Water Injection Plant menghasilkan sludge sebesar 16286,812 kg atau 0,90001 % dari air formasi yang diolah, terbentuknya sludge dikarenakan adanya penambahan bahan kimia pada proses pengolahan air formasi.
Kata kunci: Neraca massa, minyak mentah, gas.
Reference:
Patton. 1981. Oilfield Water System. Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK: John M. Campbell.
Faust, S.D.dan O.M. Aly. (1998). Chemistry of Water Treatment. Lewis Publisher. USA.
Hendricks, David W. 2006. Water Treatment Unit Process: Physical and Chemical. CRC Press. Florida.
Howe, J. K., et al. (2012). Principle of Water Treatment. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New Jersey.
Kemmer, EN. 1979. Water; The Universal Solvent, 2nd ed. Oak Brook, IL: Nalco Chemical Co.
Subarnas, Nandang. 2007. Terampil Berkreasi. Jakarta: Grafindo Media Pratama.
Manurung, Tambak, dkk. 2012. Efektivitas Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Pengolahan Air Sumur Tercemar Limbah Domestik. Dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Teknik LIMIT’s. Vol 8, No.1: 37-41.
Sutresna, Nana. 2007. Cerdas Belajar Kimia untuk Kelas XI SMA. Jakarta: Grafindo Media Pratama.
Website Official Pertamina, http://www.pertamina.com
Evaluasi Pemilihan Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) Untuk Menggantikan Gas Lift (GL) Di Sumur X Lapangan Offshore Y
Authors: Nugroho Marsiyanto  , Eko Prasetio  , Rasyid Aly
Published: March 2023

Well X is located in the offshore Y field, where there are 7 production wells, all of which use an artificial lift in the form of a gas lift. In this field, oil is produced from the N oil layer while the gas layer comes from the K layer. Well X was drilled in May 2013 with a target of N oil formation at a depth of 9,007 ft MD, slope (450) and 4-1/2" Liner completion. The initial production of well X was 1,632 BOPD; 5.3 MMSCFD; 0% BSW. Well X is the only well in the Y offshore field that does not penetrate the K gas formation, so gas production from nearby wells is used to produce oil from the N formation. well-to-well gas lift. Along with production time, the reservoir pressure in the N oil layer and K gas layer has decreased, so that oil production in well X has also decreased. With changes in company policy that optimize and increase gas production to increase gas sales to the industry around the company's operational areas since early 2017, the outgoing pressure on the Y platform has increased from 210 psi to 450 psi, causing a total oil well X could not pass through and produce due to high outgoing pressure on platform Y. Well X's last production data was on January 31 2017 with oil production of 179 BOPD and 1.25 MMSCD for gas production and gas lift injection of 0.75 MMSCFD, before finally shutting down.
The selection of another artificial lift as a substitute for the gas lift has been carried out to revive well X later. Based on the alloy table made by Weatherford for the selection of artificial lifts for conditions on the Y field platform, ESP has many advantages and appropriate flexibility compared to other types of artificial lifts. The ESP type D1050N which is a mix flow ESP has been selected and after installation in well X in August 2019 it has successfully revived with a production test of 885 BFPD, 681 BOPD, and 23% water content on September 3 2019. ESP in well X has been in production for 2 years, until finally experiencing a leaky tubing problem in September 2021 and requiring a new tubing replacement job along with a new ESP replacement to revive the X well.
Reference:
Brown, E., Kermit, (1977). The Technology of Artificial Lift Method”, Volume 2a, Oklahoma; Pennwell Publishing Company.
Brown, E., Kermit (1980). The Technology of Artificial Lift Method”, Volume 3a, Oklahoma; Pennwell Publishing Company.
Data-data Lapangan Sumur X Lapangan Offshore Y. (2019-2021).
Gabor, Takack. (2009). Electric Submersible Pump Manual Desingn, Operations and Maintenance. United States of America: Gulf Publishing Company.
Weatherford. (2005). Artificial Lift System.
NK-SORTING ALGORITHM
Authors: EL ABBADI NIDHAL . K , KAREEM ZAID YAHYA A.
Published: March 2023

Sorting has been a profound area for the algorithmic researchers and many resources are invested to suggest more works for sorting algorithms. For this purpose, many existing sorting algorithms were observed in terms of the efficiency of the algorithmic complexity.Many algorithms are very well known for sorting the unordered lists.In this proposed algorithm, we suggested a new algorithm for sorting integers number depending on dividing the input array to many sub-arrays (which represents a vector or array with one dimension), according to the number of digits in each integer number, the relation between sub-array elements is determined, and this relation used to determines the right location of each element in sub-arrays.Â Collision may happen, which is solved by moving elements in sub-array to next location. Finally, all ordered sub-arrays will be merged together to rebuild the origin array. The proposed algorithm compared with many famous algorithms gives promising results.Â
Using of Intelligence Tutoring Systems For Knowledge Representation in Learning& Teaching Process
Authors: Nasir AL-Qusi Abdual Satar Jabbar
Published: March 2023

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are a new generation of computer systems for support and improvement of learning and teaching. The usual definition of an ITS characterizes it as a system based on some kind of knowledge which includes domain, teachers' and students' knowledge. In the research , we elaborate on the representation of knowledge in an intelligent authoring shell â€“ which is an ITS generator system â€“ Tutor-Expert System. Within TEx-Sys knowledge is represented through semantic networks with frames and production rules. Nodes are used for representation of domain knowledge objects, while links show relations among them. Besides, TEx-Sys supports properties and frames, as well as property inheritance and frames containing a conclusion-making mechanism.Â In this research , we try to explain ofÂ  practice ITS application in learning and teaching process. Because, Intelligent tutoring systems have been shown to be highly effective at increasing students' performance and motivation. For example, students using Software systems, an ITS for computers , performed equally well as students taking a theoretical & practiceÂ  courses in computers, but required half as much time covering the material.
Equalize The Histogram Equalization for Image enhancement
Authors: Kadhum Zainab Abdulrazzaq
Published: March 2023

Histogram Equalization is one of the technique most commonly used in contrast enhancement.Â  it tends to change the mean brightness of the image to the middle level of the gray level range. However, In this paper, a simple contrast enhancement technique based on conventional histogram equalization algorithm is proposed. This Equalize The histogram equalization technique which takes control over the effect of Â histogram equalization technique so that it performs the enhancement of an image
«Lots of history». Turnover of Mayan terracotta (1st millennium AD) on the international markets for antiques
Authors: Demicheva Irina
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the movement of Mayan figurines on the international markets of antiques. A detailed description of the stages of the formation of the legislative framework related to the protection of historical and cultural heritage monuments at both the international and regional levels is given. This made it possible to identify chronological loci in which there was an active process of forming private collections of terracotta. The article represents the results of the analysis of auction data from 9 English- language and French auction houses. Possible ways of getting the figurines to auctions are analyzed in detail. A special place is given to the analysis of hammer prices. Various options for the movement of the figurines after the auctions are considered in detail.
Conclusions are drawn about the number of put up for auctions and sold figurines, and the dynamics of their sales over the past twenty years, taking into account the percentage of sales relative to the total number of figurines put up for auction over the past four years. Using the example of Maya terracotta, some results are summed up about the role of auction trade in the field of introducing terracotta figurines into scientific circulation as a historical source.
The revolution of XXth century as the basis for the Left Turn of Latin America
Authors: Chernyshev Alexey
Published: March 2023

The review analyzes the collective monography published in the 2021 and tracing the relation between the Latin American left movement since the beginning of the XX century and the contemporary «left turn» that characterizes the significant part of the region.
The Historical and Political Peculiarities of the Swiss Economic Development until the early 2000s
Authors: Trofimova Olga Trofimova
Published: March 2023

The study of the historical characteristics of the Swiss economy and its development up to the twenty-first century has not been thoroughly examined by either Soviet or Russian scholars and is highly topical due to the fact that the transformation of Switzerland from a backward economy to one of the most advanced and competitive countries is of considerable interest to the academic community. The goal is to examine and analyse the characteristics of the evolution of a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional union into a federal state, which have directly influenced the development of capitalist relations, the industrialisation of Switzerland, its particular niche specialisation and competitiveness. The author also draws the attention to the political and economic equilibration of the 'neutral' Confederation between the Сеntral Powers led by Germany and Entente countries and Allies and the Axis during the two world wars, which allowed its economy to be safeguarded and successfully grown. A number of factors determining the country's main economic development trends are identified in the article. The conclusion is drawn that there is a linkage between Switzerland's national and regional historical development and its economic success. The Swiss peculiar approach to pragmatic exploitation of weaknesses and disadvantages, its particular identity and the mentality that has developed over a long historical period, have played a crucial role in the creation of the Swiss economic model.
Two Images of the Young Turk Revolution: Public Reaction in Beirut and Damascus to the Revolutionary Events of 1908 in the Ottoman Empir
Authors: Zhantiev Dmitry
Published: March 2023

In this study, the author examines the reaction of the provincial society to the events of the first stage of the Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire in 1908 on the example of two large centers of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire – Beirut and Damascus. The Young Turks' restriction of the power of Sultan-Caliph Abdul-Hamid II caused an ambiguous, sometimes diametrically opposed reaction in the Arab periphery of the Ottoman Empire, the analysis of which is necessary to understand the mechanisms of further relations between the provincial elites and the imperial center. On the basis of consular reports and testimonies of a number of eyewitnesses of the events, two images of the Young Turks and their actions in 1908 are shown through the eyes of the Beirut and Damascus public. While in seaside Beirut, which served as the main “sea gate” of Ottoman Syria, liberal sentiments among local intellectuals and merchant families (both Muslims and Christians) served as a breeding ground for a positive and even enthusiastic perception of the revolution, in a more traditional and conservative Damascus the restoration of the constitution and the limitation of the Sultan's power was perceived with a wary negative. The destruction of the “patron-client” relationship that connected the large landowners and Muslim religious figures of Damascus with the Sultan's court gave rise to protest moods among the townspeople, which, in turn, led to mass riots in Damascus in the fall of 1908. The conducted research refutes the widespread thesis about the unambiguously positive perception of the Young Turk Revolution in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
Implicit Civil Society and Reform in Yemen: Lessons from the Twentieth Century
Authors: Serebrov Sergey
Published: March 2023

The fact that cross-border forms of civic activism in Arab countries during the “Arab Spring” are similar is commonly attributed to their socio-cultural commonalities, which provide markers of their identities. The manifestation of this interaction, in the author's view, is the phenomenon of an implicit civil society that draws on the hidden springs of Islamic culture, but that functions in a completely different way. The author's attempt to describe it in this article using the example of Yemen includes three aspects: as an active participant in the watershed events of contemporary Yemeni social history; as a centre of civic strategies that fundamentally differentiate it from religious and political groupings; and as a mechanism for adapting the indigenous cultural identity of a society to new ideological environment. The article spans the period from its emergence at an early stage of modernisation in a deeply archaic society united under British colonial rule in the first third of the twentieth century, to its culmination in the early twenty-first century. The article is based on publications examining relevant cases from different historical and cultural regions of Yemen. Early examples include the “Nadi al-Islah al-Arabi al-Islami” Club in Aden and the Irshadist Movement in Hadramaut extremely active at the turn of 1930s when the national intelligentsia started to reach prominence and managed to convert reformist narrative from the religious frames to the public discourse. They have elaborated the number of tools inherent also to the modern implicit civil society performances like educational work through clubs, preference to dialog between rivals, high attention to maintaining the continuity of cultural traditions, etc. The recent diversity of this phenomenon is illustrated by the experience of the “Shabab al-Mumin” Club, founded in the mid-1990s in the Saada Governorate of northern Yemen, as well as the spontaneous urban youth committees that emerged during the 2011 uprising, which channelled a huge wave of social activism into peaceful activity. The aim of the article is to explore the phenomenon of implicit civil society using a descriptive method. The practical significance of the proposed approach lies in a better understanding of the reasons for the heightened permeability of the boundaries between civic and political activism so characteristic of such societies.
“Becoming Visible”: Civil Society of Modern Iran in the Focus of Gender Discussion
Authors: Ardashnikova Anna
Published: March 2023

In this study the author examines the main stages and social characteristics of the women's rights movement in republican Iran, which has generated an active controversy between the authorities and the society over the last three decades. This polemic disagreement was triggered by the legal status of the Iranian woman enshrined in the Constitution. Human rights activists with significant religious and social status, insisting on the right of Muslim women to be represented in the highest echelons of state power, were the first to join the debate. At the turn of the 1990s and 2000s, this initiative was taken up by secular activists advocating civil and individual rights for Iranian women. All have made extensive use of a specialised, women-oriented press and, since the early 2000s, the Internet and social media, as well as NPOs/NGOs existing in different regions of the country, in their struggle. Acting along the same lines of the women's rights movement, secular and religious activists represent autonomous segments of civil society. The content of the print and electronic media, television programmes and literary works, used for the first time as a source for the study, forms the basis of the research.
Civil Society in the Middle East During the Arab Spring and Socio-Political Transformations of the Late 2010s and Early 2020s
Authors: Dolgov Boris
Published: March 2023

The paper analyses the development of civil society in the key Arab countries of the Greater Middle East – Egypt, Tunisia and Syria – through the 2000s and early 2020s. The research mainly focuses on identifying specific features of civic activity developing by various Islamic and Islamist organizations. Methodologically the paper utilizes a set of methods borrowed from history, sociology, Islamic studies and political science. The source base of the research includes a wide range of primary materials on the civic activity in various countries of the region and the author’s interviews conducted with politicians and public figures in Egypt, Tunisia and Syria. The author identifies and analyses the key factors that led to civil society activism and the multidirectional development of civil society organisations and activism in countries in the Middle East region during the “Arab Spring” and social protests of the late 2010s and early 2020s. He carefully examines the transformation of civil society in the Arab Middle East in close relation to new socio-political developments in the West in the 2010s and 2020s and the phenomenon of growing social and political subjectivity exhibited by Muslim diasporas in Europe. The article postulates the hypothesis of the emergence of leader countries with significant influence on Islamist civil society actors in the Middle East through whose influence the “Islamic project” is reinforced as a factor structuring civic engagement in key Arab states in the Middle East.
Electoral Process in Arab Countries (2011–2021): Specifics, Results, Political Activity and the Role of Youth
Authors: Sapronova Marina
Published: March 2023

After 2011, the intra-political struggle in the Arab countries continues to evolve amidst the competition between and mutual influence of Islamism (fundamentalism) and nationalism (liberalism), yet in the midst of a crisis of both, when parties based on one of these two ideologies are no longer able to offer their voters concrete programmes of socio-political modernisation and overcoming the economic crisis. In terms of ideology, different parties use identical slogans in their election campaigns, exploiting the reformist strategy and arguments, seeking to expand their social base in the absence of public consensus.
New constitutions and electoral laws adopted after 2011 have transferred this struggle into a legal frame, creating conditions for political competition. The elections really became a multi-party event and allowed Islamic parties to participate in the political process along with secular parties. Exactly these parties became the main rivals in the electoral process of the last decade, which demonstrated that the implementation of the constitutional plan in practice is an ambiguous task, and society (despite the establishment of a new system of legal arrangements) continues to be split and cannot give preference to any ideology and the forces representing such ideologies.
The “external factor” contributed to the strengthening of Islamic parties in the first electoral cycle after the “Arab Spring”, however, later the preference was given to secular parties. Young people, having actively shown themselves in the unrest of 2011, lost interest in political life, which is evidenced by the fall in voter turnout in the second and third electoral cycles.
Dynamics and results of the electoral process in 2011–2021 demonstrate a specific type of constitutional crises in a traditional society facing the need for modernization.
The electoral process is studied on the basis of the analysis of new electoral laws and the results of parliamentary elections in the Arab countries during the study period, which, together with research works, gives a better understanding of their modern political development.
The Dismantling of the Batum Subsystem of International Relations and Its Historical Consequences, September–November 1918
Authors: Mirzekhanov Velikhan
Published: March 2023

The final phase of the Batum subsystem unfolded despite the apparent defeat of the Central Powers on the main fronts of the Great War already at the end of September 1918. It was a consequence of the inertia of German and Ottoman expansion in the region, which received a new impetus after the capture of Baku in September 1918. For two months, efforts to maintain Berlin's and Constantinople's influence in the region continued, partly through uneasy compromises with Soviet Russia and thanks to an operational pause taken by British troops. The economic potential of exploiting the Transcaucasia for the Central Powers could not be realised, but the overall capabilities were unlocked and preparations gave way to a test-delivery phase. The impact of the intervention of the Central Powers on the course of the Civil War in the North Caucasus increased. The elimination of the Batum subsystem was one of the primary objectives of the British emissaries who were arriving from mid-November, however, they were unable to undo or transform its effects due to the same reasons that led to the policy failures of the German and Ottoman actors.
India: International Scientific and Technical Cooperation
Authors: Shavlay Ellina P.
Published: March 2023

The article aims to examine India’s international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) and its role in its national technological sovereignty. India has long claimed the status of a great power and, as a result, is striving to strengthen its positions in areas of strategic importance. Meanwhile, today, in terms of quality and volumetric characteristics, Indian achievements are significantly inferior to both the most developed countries and China, India’s key competitor. Against this contradictory background, an effective organization of international scientific and technological cooperation is becoming increasingly crucial to tap the country’s potential. In this regard, India tends to choose co-authors in scientifically and technologically advanced countries as well as to pursue a policy aimed at shaping the global scientific, technical, and innovation agenda in favor of its domestic socio-economic needs. With a view to reducing its excessive dependence on the leading economies in R&D, India attempts to expand the ISTC geography by establishing contacts with the BRICS countries. Given that amidst current political developments, India refused to stop the collaboration with our country even under the Western pressure, it is necessary for Russia to further deepen the dialogue.
VII International Forum of the Association of Expert Centers of Russia, China and Mongolia: Key Issues and Prospects for Cooperation
Authors: Bazarov Boris
Published: March 2023

The paper presents a brief overview of the VII Forum of Expert Centers of Russia,China and Mongolia. The forum is one of the platforms for the implementation of the global initiative “One Belt and One Road”, as well as the discussion of specific mechanisms for the building up the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.
Since 2015, six International Forums have been held in various formats. Representatives of Mongolia, Russia and China alternately hosted the Forum. Today we can assert that the Forum has given a great incentive to the development of practical cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia. Scientists, experts, teachers of universities, government officials of the three countries took part in the Forum. The forum was guided by the results of bilateral meetings between the leaders of Russia and China, Russia and Mongolia.
The main organizer of the VII Forum was the Center for Macroeconomic Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PR China). The Russian side was represented by the Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Mongolian side by the Mongolian State University. The main part of the forum was represented by 12 scientific reports, which were conditionally divided into two key topics: “Deepening cooperation in the field of new energy and agriculture between Russia, China and Mongolia” and “Strengthening cooperation in cross-border e-commerce between Russia, China and Mongolia”.
Experts from the three countries presented an analysis of the main trends in the development of cooperation in modern conditions, and proposed mechanisms for overcoming existing barriers.
Three-volume monograph “Military Law” under the general editorship of A.N. Savenkov, A.V. Kudashkin (M.: Center for Legal Communications, 2021 - 2022) as a practical result of the activities of the national scientific school of Military Law
Authors: Blazheev Viktor
Published: March 2023

The three-volume monograph “Military Law” presents a modern, conceptually and practically grounded understanding of the essence of modern Military Law as a system in the parameters of a holistic academic study
). Selection of primary defendants in the work of the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals
Authors: Mezyaev Alexander B.
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the issue of the process and results of the selection of the main accused for trials at the International Military Tribunal and the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. The evolution of the criteria that formed the basis of such selection is traced. It is shown that the official or unofficial position of a person in the system of the fascist state or Hitler’s inner circle was appeared as the first criterion for the selection of the accused. The second criterion proposed was the actual possibility of trying such a person in his presence. The third criterion was the principle of the impossibility of establishing an exact geographical framework for these crimes. Finally, the criterion for the representation of various sectors of the state machine of Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan is singled out. The article also analyzes the criteria that were initially considered acceptable, but which were abandoned at a later stage in the preparation of the indictments. Concludes that the experience of the IMT and the IMTFE in the selection of accused remains relevant for modern bodies of international criminal justice.
دور التقنيات الجيومكانية في المدن الذكية
Authors: القرادي مفرح
Published: March 2023

تتناول هذه الدِّراسة مراجعة أدبية لمفهوم المدن الذكية، من خلال تقديم نبذة تعريفية عن المدن الذكية ومكوناتها وأبعادها، وعوامل نجاح التحول إلى المدن الذكية. لا يوجد تعريف موحَّد للمدن الذكية متفق عليه عالمياً؛ بسبب تعدُّد وظيفة المدينة، والتداخل الكبير للعديد من التخصصات العلمية المتعلقة بمكونات البنية التحتية للمدن الذكية، وكذلك مدى التقدَّم الرقمي للمدينة. إنَّ البُعد الجغرافي في المدينة الذكية يشكل أكثر من 75 % من الأنشطة البشرية في المدينة، مثل: موقع الخدمات، المسارات، استخدامات الأراضي، التتبع.. إلخ؛ لذلك تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز دور التقنيات الجيومكانية في دعم التحول إلى المدن الذكية وأبعادها المختلفة. وتسهم التقنيات الجيومكانية من خلال ذكاء الموقع في اختيار الموقع المناسب للخدمات، وتحليل بيانات المستخدمين وربطها مكانياً بالخرائط الرقمية، وتحديد مواقع الصيانة والدعم الفني، وتحليل مصادر التلوث في المدينة، ووضع الحلول المكانية لتقليل الحوادث المرورية، من خلال تحليل تكرارية الحوادث ومواقعها، والمحافظة على موارد المدينة من خلال ترشيد الاستهلاك والإدارة الفاعلة لتلك الموارد، توصي الدراسة بالعمل على تهيئة المدن الحالية التقليدية، من خلال تطوير بنيتها الرقمية وتطوير شبكة الاتصالات والمعلومات فيها، وتزويد مرافق المدينة بالمستشعرات والكاميرات وربطها مكانيًا من خلال إنترنت الأشياء، لقياس التحليلات وبناء المؤشرات الأساسية؛ للتحول نحو المدن الذكية الذي أصبح ضرورة وخياراً إستراتيجيًّا لتُمكِّن المدن من مواجهة التحديات المستقبلية.
Evoking Heritage and its Impact on Establishing the Palestinian Right in Tamim Barghouti's poetry Poem (Fi Al-Quds)
Authors: Mobarakeh Mamon , AbuAlsaud Loay
Published: March 2023

This research attempts to reveal the extent of the appearance of heritage and its invocation in the poetry of Tamim al-Barghouti, whether this presence is historical, civil, national or religious, through some of his famous poem (In Jerusalem). In this poem, al-Barghouti employs heritage in a creative and significant way. The aim of this research is to show the significance of evoking heritage in al-Barghouti's poetry. The poet chose heritage to convey specific meanings to the recipients, and to express his own thoughts and feelings about Jerusalem. There is no doubt that the cultural and civilized means of defending rights have an important and effective role in combating colonial settlement, and in establishing the national rights of any nation. Islamic and Christian religious fraternity in Palestine represents a lofty state of civilization, and an important national force in resisting the colonial settlement and fighting its attempts to obliterate the cultural and civilizational identity of the Palestinian people.
Thematic characteristics of the modern vocabulary of state correspondence in the Russian language
Authors: Addai Hussein Samir , Ismail Methaq M.
Published: March 2023

The official vocabulary of Russian state correspondence is characterized by a high level of saturation with diplomatic terminology and terminology of international law, as well as standardized speech turns.                                                                                                             

Special vocabulary is the main core around which the whole document is built in lexical terms from the point of view of belonging to the style. It can include the names of diplomatic institutions, bodies, procedures, officials, diplomatic documents and their parts, etc. The proportion of each lexical layer is not the same. If the common vocabulary makes up the majority of the elements, then the special vocabulary is the "diplomatic background" of the document.                                                      

In order to investigate the composition of the official vocabulary        of Russian state correspondence as a special fragment of diplomatic discourse, it is necessary to dwell in more detail on the question of the thematic groups that are part of it. The formation and development of each lexical macro group is determined by a number of factors, which include the state of language in society and the level of development of the corresponding functional styles.
الإعــلام الأمـني ودوره فــي التصدي للأنشطة الإرهـابــية
Authors: عبد الحميد هناء عبد الحميد ابراهيم , العامري رسول مطلق محمد
Published: March 2023

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم تحليل لفاعلية السياسة الإعلامية الوطنية لمؤسسات الأمن العراقي، كجهة مسؤولة عن تحقيق التوعية الأمنية في البلد، ودورها في الوقاية من الجرائم الإرهابية، حيث سعت هذه الدراسة تسليط إلى الضوء على مفهوم الإعلام الأمني وبدايات المفهوم ومنطلقاته والتحديات التي تحد من فعاليته وادواره في التصدي للأنشطة الإرهابية.

حيث تنقسم هذه الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث رئيسية، يستعرض في جزئيته الأولى العناصر الاساسية للبحث (مشكلة الدراسة، أهمية الدراسة، اهداف الدراسة)، في حين جاء المبحث الثاني مستطرد لأهم المفاهيم والمصطلحات العلمية المفسرة لمتغيرات الدراسة، في حين تناول المبحث الأخير: أهداف الإعلام الأمني، ووظائفه ومهامه، الأشكاليات التي تواجهه الإعلام الأمني، وشرح أهم آليات الاعلام الأمني ودورها في التصدي للأنشطة الإرهابية.
حل المشكلات الكيميائية عند طلبة كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة-ابن الهيثم
Authors: جاسم علياء عبدالأمير , احمد بسمة محمد
Published: March 2023

هدف البحث الى معرفة دلالة الفرق بين طلبة عينة البحث على اختبار حل المشكلات الكيميائية ككل وعلى كل مجال من مجالاته، تالفت عينة البحث من (200) طالب وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الرابعة من جامعة بغداد كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة/ ابن الهيثم/ قسم الكيمياء في الدراستين الصباحية والمسائية أي بنسبة (50%) من مجتمع البحث كانت أداة البحث اختبار حل المشكلات الكيميائية من (25 ( فقرة بواقع ستة مجالات باعتماد تصنيف هايز Hayes لحل المشكلات تمثلت ب (تحديد المشكلة، تمثيل المشكلة، اختيار خطة الحل، ايضاح خطة الحل، الأستنتاج، التحقق والتقويم)، تم التحقق من صدقه وثباته  أظهرت النتائج الأحصائية للبحث انه يوجد فرق دال احصائيا بين طلبة عينة البحث في اختبار حل المشكلات العلمية ككل بدرجة مقبول كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في  كل مجال من مجالات حل المشكلات الكيميائية بين طلبة عينة البحث لمجالات (تحديد المشكلة، تمثيل المشكلة، اختيار خطة الحل، ايضاح خطة الحل، الاستنتاج) بدرجة مقبول، اما مجال التحقق والتقويم لم يكن دال احصائيا، وأوصى البحث ضرورة اهتمام كليات التربية بحل المشكلات الكيميائية على كافة مجالاته ودمجها في مقررات المواد الدراسية النظري والعملي.
رؤى الجمال في كتابات الدكتورة حميدة صالح البلداوي
Authors: سعيد فيان فوزي , فرحان جنان قحطان
Published: March 2023

تمكن شعراء الأندلس من إنتقاء القيم الجمالية من مصدرين رئيسيين هما: الطبيعة والإنسان، كل ذلك يتأتى عبر الإحساس والتناغم والإنسجام بين الشاعر والمتلقي، فالطبيعة لطالما أثرت في الشاعر من خلال إدراكه لجمالها ومدى إرتباط روحه العاشقة بها.

إنَّ الشاعر الأندلسي عشق طبيعته بكل ما فيها، جاعلًا من ملامحها المتحركة والساكنة قيمًا جمالية مجّدها وخلّدها في اشعاره، حتى عُرفت من خلال إبرازه لكل القيم الجمالية الخاصة بالطبيعة؛ ومن ثَمَّ وجدناه يشركها مع مشاعره الإنسانية في حبّه وما يحسه من سعادة وشقاء، جاعلًا الطبيعة بكل جزيئاتها مشارِكة له في هذا الإحساس.

     من هنا وجد بحثنا لوحات كانت قد خُطت بريشة رسامٍ مبدع حيث الألوان والظلال، رفدها الشاعر بإيقاع الحياة وتلوناتها: هادئة وصاخبة، وجعل منها قلباً نابضاً بالحياة ليعيش في ذكريات الماضي ويحقق الخبرة الجمالية بطرقٍ فنيةً شتى.
Evaluation of coeliac disease serological markers
Authors: Mustafa Kamil Leen K.
Published: March 2023

Background: celiac disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine that is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. Serologic tests for antibodies against Endomysium, Reticulin, and Gliadin identify most patients with the disease. Early diagnosis and management are important to forestall serious consequences of malabsorption, such as osteoporosis and anemiaAims of the study: This study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of, anti-reticulin and anti-gliadin antibodies according to anti endomysium antibodies , in consecutive patients investigated for celiac disease antibodies.Patient& Methods: Total 509 patients (236 males&273 females) celiac disease patients who were referred to the immunology department in Teaching labs from January till December 2012 for serological detection of auto antibodies . Anti- Gliadin (IgG &IgA ) were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. whereas Anti-Endomyseal IgA & Anti-Reticulin IgA were detected by Indirect immunofluorescent technique on monkey oesophagus & kidney tissue respectively.Results: Most the cases for celiac disease were reported in the age group (1-10)years as antibodies against Gliadin (IgG,IgA) ,Anti-Endomesial IgA antibodies and anti-Reticulin IgA were detected in 130(66.7%),127(65.8%),39(79.6%) and 49(68.1%) respectively. Both anti-Gliadin IgA and anti Reticulin were detected significantly in females p values( 0.047, 0.008) respectively. The study showed that anti-Gliadin IgA is the most sensitive according to anti Endomyseal IgA and anti Reticulin was the most specific for screening of celiac disease. ; While Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that anti gliadin IgA had the best sensitivity and specificity according to anti Endomysium test results.Conclusion: Predictive performance of the serological celiac disease tests showed that anti Gliadin IgA had the best sensitivity &specificity according to traditional anti Endomysium antibody test results.
Kapitalismus nach der Corona-Krise: Das Revival des Staates
Authors: Nölke Andreas
Published: March 2023

Die Corona-Krise hat zu einer deutlichen Zunahme staatlicher Interventionen in die Wirtschaft geführt, sowohl in der nationalen Wirtschaftspolitik, als auch in den internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Diese Tendenz – und die damit verbundene Hinwendung zum organisierten Kapitalismus – setzt sich auch nach der Corona-Krise fort, insbesondere aufgrund der russischen Invasion der Ukraine und der Entkopplung zwischen den Wirtschaftsräumen Chinas und der USA.