bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Table of Contents: Life Science 13 (2) 2024
Authors: Life Science
Published: December 2024

Life Science Edition 13 (2) 2024 consists of 9 articles which fall within the scope of microbiology, zoology, botany and ecology. Articles were written by academics from 3 university, such as Universitas Negeri Semarang, Universitas Diponegoro, and Universitas Tanjungpura.
Las guerras murales. Feminismo popular y pánico moral en Madrid: un estudio de caso del barrio de La Concepción
Authors: Pecourt Juan , Rubio Arostegui Juan Arturo , Aranda José María
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la polémica sobre el mural feminista de la Concepción (Madrid), que sucedió en el año 2021, como un ejemplo de “guerra cultural”. Para ello, abordaremos el concepto de “guerra cultural” desde una perspectiva sociológica y lo relacionaremos con la construcción de pánicos morales, otro fenómeno mediático que suele asociarse a estos episodios, y con las políticas culturales. El estudio de caso identificará las distintas etapas del conflicto, que cuestiona la periodización clásica del pánico moral, debido a los posicionamientos cambiantes de los diferentes agentes participantes. Finalmente se considerará la idea de la “guerra cultural” como un conflicto entre diferentes tradiciones selectivas dentro de la sociedad española.
Nanocomposite complex ZnO in combination with a triazoloazepinium derivative for inhibition of microbial steel corrosion
Authors: Demchenko N.R. , Bondar O.S. , Tkachenko S.V. , Кurmakova І.М. , Kupchuk О.Yu. , Derevianko S.V.
Published: December 2024

We have established the possibility of using ZnO nanoparticles to inhibit microbial corrosion with simultaneous inhibition of growth and sulfate-reducing activity of bacteria of the corrosive active group. The search for ways to increase the antibacterial and anticorrosive effect of ZnO nanoparticles makes it possible to combine them with substances, in particular, inhibitors-biocides of microbial steel corrosion.
The nanocomposite complex of ZnO nanoparticles and cationic heterocyclic compound (triazoloazepinium derivative) was studied as a biocide and inhibitor of microbial corrosion on steel. The component concentrations are 3 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL accordingly. The experiments were carried out by using a microbiological and corrosion control methods. It has been established that the proposed nanocomposite complex affects the number of bacteria in the plankton and biofilm. In its presence, there is a complete inhibition of the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (the most aggressive component of the microbial community) in plankton. Also, the number of denitrifying bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in plankton decreases by 3 and 4 orders, respectively. The biofilm formed in the presence of the nanocomposite in the culture medium is less dense in terms of the number of bacterial cells of the sulfidogenic community.
El mito del lobo bueno. Transgresiones del estereotipo del “lobo feroz” desde la Antigüedad hasta los inicios del siglo XX
Authors: Rodríguez García Miguel
Published: December 2024

El lobo ha sido demonizado en buena parte de la tradición simbólica occidental. Pero, coexistiendo con el estereotipo de «lobo feroz», la literatura y la cultura ofrecen diseños alternativos: lobos libres, que se rebelan contra la esclavitud impuesta por el hombre; lobos amansados por los ministros de Dios; lobos guerreros y lobas maternales, que amamantan a la prole humana. Estas configuraciones lupinas cuentan con una dilatada trayectoria, aunque no están libres de ambivalencia. El objetivo de este trabajo, fundamentado en los estudios de animales, es el análisis de los principales modelos de lobos «buenos» en la literatura, con especial referencia a las letras hispánicas. Este ejercicio de literatura comparada forma parte de un proyecto de rehabilitación cultural del lobo, actor indispensable en el ecosistema y víctima de una larga persecución histórica.
El cuerpo que «fluye como la muerte» en «Deshielo», de Esther Ramón
Authors: Arroyo Martín Juan
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se analiza el poema «Deshielo», perteneciente al libro Tundra (2002), de la autora madrileña Esther Ramón. A partir de la poética cognitiva y los estudios posthumanistas, se atiende al carácter performativo del texto, con el fin de mostrar cómo el poema compone un constante proceso de (des)formación de sí mismo, a modo de devenir, que permite observarlo como organismo vivo y autopoiético en la manifestación de su sentido. Al mismo tiempo, el yo lírico surge como subjetividad afectiva y corporal, abierta a las multiplicidades y diferencias no-humanas del poema, en cuyo acontecer se subvierte la visión dicotómica y sacrificial propia de la tradición humanista.
La memoria poética en un viaje a la India de Gonçalo M. Tavares
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Samuel
Published: December 2024

Este estudio explora la operatividad como epopeya de Un viaje a la India, de Gonçalo M. Tavares. Como principal incógnita plantea el hecho de que la obra se vincula tanto a la memoria épica como al pensamiento posmoderno, siendo que la primera está caracterizada por la defensa de modelos morales axiomáticos, y el segundo por el descrédito de criterios absolutos de verdad. Para arrojar luz a esta contradicción, la investigación propone un análisis de sus componentes fundamentales, partiendo de una valoración de los principales estudios contemporáneos de la epopeya y apoyándose en estudios específicos de la obra tavariana, para estudiar su relación con la Historia y sus efectos pretendidos en el lector. A partir de las herramientas expuestas, la investigación propone su uso como modelo teórico para el análisis de poemas épicos programáticamente afines a la obra estudiada.
Biografía, ficción y autoficción en la última poesía española realista
Authors: Escuin Borao Ignacio
Published: December 2024

El concepto de verdad sobrevuela en torno a la creación autobiográfica y parece ser un aval de calidad de la misma a pesar de que este concepto poco tiene que ver con el buen funcionamiento de una obra literaria. Esta afirmación se ha afianzado en la actualidad con el rebrote de la tendencia autobiográfica que subyace del culto a uno mismo que será finalmente el santo y seña de nuestros tiempos. Los selfies en las redes sociales, los estados o post explicando qué pensamos o qué nos sucede han convertido a una sociedad marcadamente egocéntrica en una sociedad en la que el yo se exhibe ante los demás desde el simulacro o avatar que cada uno de los individuos elige. Las poéticas realistas no se escapan de esta tendencia, sean o no descarnadas. El trasfondo vital interfiere en la obra que está más cerca de la autobiografía de ficción que de cualquier otro género o estética.
Beowulf y Moisés
Authors: Añua-Tejedor Daniel
Published: December 2024

Los relatos de héroes épicos albergan muchos rasgos en común tanto en las características de los protagonistas como en los eventos relatados. En muchas ocasiones, la copilación de dichos relatos va unida a la fundamentación de las raíces nacionales o culturales de un pueblo. En este sentido, ¿es posible realizar un trabajo comparativo entre los primeros 2043 versos de Beowulf y Éxodo 1-15?, ¿entre sus protagonistas, entre los hechos que determinan sus vidas, sus actos y sus procesos existenciales?, ¿los motivos que llevaron a la redacción del libro de Beowulf guardan alguna relación con los motivos que llevaron a la redacción del Éxodo?, ¿sus copiladores buscaban crear un historia pasada que legitime y prestigie sus raíces nacionales o culturales?, ¿es posible entablar relaciones hipertextuales entre Beowulf y Moisés, Grendel y el primogénito del faraón, la madre del monstruo y el propio faraón?
Notas de viaje por España, ¿una ilusión utópica?
Authors: Li Cheng
Published: December 2024

Entre las obras de autores chinos que escriben sobre España, Notas de viaje por España de Linda es uno de los libros más influyentes y que ha despertado el interés de muchos intelectuales chinos. En lugar de ser un mero relato de viaje, este ensayo recorre la historia de España, con especial atención a la Guerra Civil y la transición democrática, aportando una profunda reflexión sobre la naturaleza humana y las actitudes de tolerancia e intransigencia en momentos cruciales. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo interpretar algunas lecciones y experiencias que ha extraído Linda de la historia contemporánea de España, así como indagar su hipotética aplicabilidad en China a través de un análisis comparativo de las similitudes y disparidades entre las dos sociedades, enfocado en los sistemas políticos y algunos factores socioculturales.
Assessment of User Preferences in Electric Vehicle Charge Billing System
Authors: Maeda Eva , Rugumila Georgia , Greyson Kenedy A. , Gerutu Gerutu B. , Nyari Esebi A. , Kivugo Ramadhani O. , Lujaji Frank , Chombo Pius V.
Published: December 2024

Despite the advantages of electric vehicles (EVs), however, their adoption rate in Tanzania remains low. The growth and sustainability of EVs remain questionable due to several factors including an insufficient network of charging infrastructure coupled with billing systems. This study analyzes user preferences related to EV charge billing requirements based on the qualitative assessment of semi-structured interviews with EV users. A survey was conducted around Dar es Salaam city and around 81 sample surveys were administered. The targeted parameters are current EV charge types, daily charging frequency, charging duration, billing system, bill payment, and expectations on public charging infrastructure. The factors were selected to enable an understanding of the drivers for improving acceptance of EV charge billing systems and deduce their market potential. For electric two-wheelers (e2Ws), the findings indicated that 60% of e-bicycle riders charge once per day, 30% charge twice per day, and 10% charge 3 times per day. Moreover, 34% of e-bicycle batteries were charged with 50% of energy remaining in the battery, which took 2 to 3 hours. Contrary, 40.74% of electric three-wheelers (e3Ws) were charging 2 times per day, 33.33% were charging 3 times per day, and 25.93% were charging 1 time per day. In terms of billing, e-bicycles’ charging energy was metered but not billed while e3Ws’ charging energy was not metered but billed at a flat rate regardless of the energy consumed. The majority of EV drivers expected more public charging stations to be equipped with accurate energy measuring systems to enable them to pay-per-use.
Digital Magazines in Lithuania
Authors: Velykytė Gabija
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the transition of magazines published in Lithuania in 2021 to the digital space. The aim is to reveal the aspects of magazine digitization in Lithuania and investigate the percentage of magazines which already have digital versions, which magazines have become digital, and what determines the digitization of magazines. It has been established that only a third of magazines have digital versions in today’s Lithuania. The digitization of magazines is driven by the desire of publishers to give readers access to the magazine through a broader range of channels along with the ability to reach a more significant flow of readers. An important aspect that promotes the digitization of magazines is the demand from various sponsoring organizations to increase access forms. Publishers choose magazine hosting platforms and formats to keep the magazine hosting process straightforward and cost-efficient. It has been investigated that the taxation of the magazine’s digital version in Lithuania is an infrequent phenomenon. An issuehas been determined that publishers rarely formalize digital versions by assigning them separate ISSNs. The reason is the ignorance of the requirement that the printed and digital versions of the same journal must have separate ISSNs. Currently, the digitization of magazines is still evolving: publishers are in no hurry to get acquainted with the requirements for publishing digital magazines, digital versions of magazines are generally basic, and there is a lack of high-quality, interactive, attractive arrangements of digital magazines.
Applying Large Language Models to Assess Quality of Care: Monitoring ADHD Medication Side Effects
Authors: Bannett Yair , Gunturkun Fatma , Pillai Malvika , Herrmann Jessica E. , Luo Ingrid , Huffman Lynne C. , Feldman Heidi M.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

To assess the accuracy of a large language model (LLM) in measuring clinician adherence to practice guidelines for monitoring side effects after prescribing medications for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODS

Retrospective population-based cohort study of electronic health records. Cohort included children aged 6 to 11 years with ADHD diagnosis and 2 or more ADHD medication encounters (stimulants or nonstimulants prescribed) between 2015 and 2022 in a community-based primary health care network (n = 1201). To identify documentation of side effects inquiry, we trained, tested, and deployed an open-source LLM (LLaMA) on all clinical notes from ADHD-related encounters (ADHD diagnosis or ADHD medication prescription), including in-clinic/telehealth and telephone encounters (n = 15 628 notes). Model performance was assessed using holdout and deployment test sets, compared with manual medical record review.

RESULTS

The LLaMA model accurately classified notes that contained side effects inquiry (sensitivity = 87.2, specificity = 86.3, area under curve = 0.93 on holdout test set). Analyses revealed no model bias in relation to patient sex or insurance. Mean age (SD) at first prescription was 8.8 (1.6) years; characteristics were mostly similar across patients with and without documented side effects inquiry. Rates of documented side effects inquiry were lower for telephone encounters than for in-clinic/telehealth encounters (51.9% vs 73.0%, P < .001). Side effects inquiry was documented in 61.4% of encounters after stimulant prescriptions and 48.5% of encounters after nonstimulant prescriptions (P = .041).

CONCLUSIONS

Deploying an LLM on a variable set of clinical notes, including telephone notes, offered scalable measurement of quality of care and uncovered opportunities to improve psychopharmacological medication management in primary care.
Intestinal histoplasmosis and coinfections mimicking inflammatory bowel disease and neoplasia
Authors: Borges Domingues Batista Valéria , Oliveira Guilarde Adriana , De Souza Couto Eckert Juliana , Silva Souza Luiz Carlos , Alves Santa Bárbara Borges Moara
Published: December 2024

Objectives: to describe a case series of chronic diarrhea of infectious etiology previously identified as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Case reports: we present four cases from a Brazilian tertiary hospital in which patients with HIV were initially treated for IBD or suspected neoplasia based on clinical presentation and colonoscopy findings. Late-stage HIV/AIDS diagnosis subsequently revealed disseminated histoplasmosis with intestinal involvement and coinfections, including cytomegalovirus colitis (n = 3) and tuberculosis (n = 1). Conclusions: chronic diarrhea, particularly when accompanied by dysenteric symptoms, presents significant challenges in distinguishing between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), neoplasia, and infectious diseases. This case series highlights the importance of considering immunosuppression, especially HIV/AIDS and related opportunistic infections, in cases of chronic diarrhea. A comprehensive diagnostic approach incorporating microbiological, serological, molecular, and histopathological analyses is critical in identifying underlying etiologies, including coinfections. Early and accurate diagnosis facilitates appropriate treatment, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions.
The fate of the Benue-Congo velar nasal in Bantoid
Authors: Wills Jeffrey
Published: December 2024

Proto-Benue-Congo has been reconstructed both with a simple velar nasal *ŋ and with the velar nasal as part of a *ŋg structure. The loss of the simple velar nasal has been noticed as a feature of Bantu languages but has not been studied in other Bantoid groups. This paper considers the lexemes for which this phoneme has been reconstructed and then examines the subsequent development of the velar nasal in several groups. The results vary from preservation in Ekoid to near absence in Bantu. The phonological loss of velar nasals is not surprising, as parallels demonstrate. Rather the question arises of why certain languages only preserve remnants of the original velar nasal, and a partial answer is connected to suffixation and cluster formation.
Besprechung von Studia Africana 2017
Authors: Voigt Rainer
Published: December 2024

Review of Batic, Gian Claudio & Rudolf Leger (eds.). 2017. Studia Africana - Papers in honour of Sergio Baldi. (Topics in interdisciplinary African studies, 46.) Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Review
Authors: Prischnegg Tamara
Published: December 2024

Review of Breyer, Francis. 2022. Schrift und Sprache in Nubien. Studien zum Napatanischen Meroitischen und Altnubischen.
Saadiah Gaon and the Transmission of his Tafsīr
Authors: Vollandt Ronny
Published: December 2024

Saadiah Gaon (882–942 CE) is counted among the most influential scholars of Judaeo-Arabic culture. His translation of the Tora into Arabic, which was produced in the first third of the tenth century initially as part of a commentary, is known as the Tafsīr (Ar. literally commentary), is in the centre of this contribution. It examines what happened to the Tafsīr as it moved further from its context of origin. It is, thus, concerned with the transmission of the text, through Jewish, Samaritan, Christian, and Muslim branches, with further geographical and chronological sub-divisions. This contribution investigates the changes that occurred both in the physical appearance of manuscripts and also in the text and its contexts of use.
Development and grain yield of barley genotypes according to sowing date
Authors: Bortoluzzi Mateus Possebon , Marques Lucas Ughini , Favaretto Adriana , Maldaner Laura Valentina Caus , Gallina Alessandra
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the length of subperiods, development cycle, yield, and grain quality of barley genotypes at different sowing dates. Three experimental lines from a barley breeding program Barley01, Barley02, and Barley03 as well as three commercial cultivars ABI Invicta, ABI Valente, and ABI Rubi were sown in 2001 in the municipality of Passo Fundo. Also, lines Barley04, Barley05, and Barley06, in addition to ABI Invicta and ABI Valente, were sown in 2022 in the municipality of Coxilha. Sowings were carried out on June 1st, June 16th, and July 7th, 2021, in Passo Fundo and May 24th, June 15th, and July 4th, 2022, in Coxilha. The barley development cycle decreased from sowings carried out at the end of May until the beginning of July. Lines Barley02 and Barley06 showed higher precocity. A higher proportion of first-class grains was observed in early sowings in both locations. Barley grain yield depends on the genotype, location, and sowing date.
Ecotourism: Local Community's Role in Overcoming Watershed Pollution in Lake Cisanti, West Java
Authors: Anwar Rully Khairul , Khadijah Ute Lies Siti
Published: December 2024

The World Bank said that the Citarum River was the most polluted river in the world, which led to safety measures and practical solutions. At the same time, this problem opens up opportunities for ecotourism, but it depends on how involved the people of the Citarum River are. A study looks at the roles that people from Tarumajaya village played in the planning, implementation, and evaluation phases of Lake Cisanti ecotourism. The research is based on a case study of Tarumajaya village, Kertasari sub-district, Bandung Regency, and Lake Cisanti's location. Interviews, non-participant observations, and documentation studies are all ways to collect data. There are three kinds of participation: planning, putting things into action (like protecting the environment and doing other things), and evaluating. This study shows how community involvement could help clean up rivers, restore nature, and make ecotourism stronger.
Contribution: The research emphasizes the critical roles that local residents play in all phases of ecotourism development—planning, implementation, and evaluation. This underscores the importance of community engagement in environmental management efforts.
Analysis of the modern forest fund
Authors: Lutskiv Myron
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of the forests in the southern part of Kyiv. The article presents data on the projective cover, distribution, vitality, frequency of occurrence, and other data, obtained from 10 geobotanical descriptions in the Holosiivskyi district of Kyiv. The further actions were made with the data observed, and as a result, the graph of similarity was created. Nowadays the territories of cities expand, causing the enhanced tempo of urbanization and this study checks whether the forest is hugely affected or not. Some evaluations could set the pattern and help to estimate the influence on forestry in the very near future.
The aim of the study is to inventory the modern forest fund in Kyiv and observe data to determine the influence of the urbanization on forest in the future.
Materials and methods. Among of the methods for the observation were used geobotanical descriptions, monitoring and various computing methods, including the sorting, creating plots to make evaluations, GPS fixation, and the programme to create a map for the more thorough description of quadrants.
Results. The vegetation in the analyzed areas is very diverse, with 68 species identified. Among the dominant species, Quercus robur was found in the tree layer, and Molinia caerulea along with Convallaria majalis in the herbaceous layer. The Betula pendula and Quercus robur formations have the highest species diversity, with 24 species each. The vegetation classes Querco-Fagetea and Vacinio-Piceateae were analyzed.
Conclusions. The forest, in which the research was conducted, is mildly affected by urbanization. This inference may be made by the common species on this latitude, based on the previous researches
Selenium and potassium supplementation improve nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant activity, and osmolyte production, reducing the growth and photosynthetic inhibition caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in wheat
Authors: ALRASHIDI Ayshah Aysh
Published: December 2024

Drought stress has a significant impact on all crops, affecting both their growth and development. In this study, wheat plants were subjected to drought stress induced by 15% of PEG along with or without supplementation of selenium and potassium supplements. Plants subjected to PEG alone showed a decrease in a number of plants morphophysiological and biochemical parameters such as a decline in plant height, dry mass, carotenoids, total chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2 levels. Nevertheless, adding selenium and potassium supplements effectively mitigated these decreases. PEG's drought also led to the overproduction of harmful ROS-inducing substances, H2O2 and O2. Certain factors led to a significant instance of lipid peroxidation, which the addition of selenium and potassium effectively reduced and leaded to protection of plants from oxidative stress damage. The combination of selenium and potassium also significantly reduced the protease and lipoxygenase activities. This effect was even more noticeable when dealing with synergic Se+K applications. The levels of enzymatic (CAT, SOD, APX, and GR) and non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH, and tocopherol) antioxidants went up a lot after treatment with PEG. Moreover, the inclusion of selenium and potassium supplements further amplified the increase. Adding selenium and potassium supplements improved the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), an enzyme that breaks down nitrogen. The combination treatment has shown remarkable efficacy in reducing the adverse effects caused by PEG. Furthermore, the research revealed that the inclusion of selenium and potassium supplements led to heightened quantities of phenols and flavonoids. As a result of the drought, there was a limited absorption of mineral ions, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. However, the addition of selenium and potassium supplements significantly mitigated this decline.
Limitations in the growth and development of chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., due to habitat change
Authors: CADENA-IÑIGUEZ Jorge , AGUIRRE-MEDINA Juan F. , CADENA-ZAMUDIO Daniel A. , RUIZ-POSADAS Lucero del M. , CADENA-ZAMUDIO Jorge D. , BARRERA-GUZMÁN Luis A. , ARÉVALO-GALARZA Ma. de Lourdes
Published: December 2024

Several soil minerals have not been considered in the expansion of chayote cultivation with and without biotic and abiotic stress, despite being an essential and necessary element in plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to describe the changes that occur in the growth of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. under the influence of agroclimatic conditions different from those of its center of origin, such as temperature, light, and soil types. The study was carried out in three production localities in Veracruz, Mexico in one year equivalent to two productive seasons. Physiological variables were recorded under field and cultivated conditions in three different agroclimatic conditions in the Mesophilic Cloud Forest (MNF), Medium Sub-evergreen Forest (MBS) and Seasonal Dry Forest (SSE). It was found that the calcium (Ca2+) concentration and pH value of the soils of the three regions. X-ray analysis showed the formation of crystals in leaf, petiole and stem tissue, consisting mainly of phosphorus, calcium and silicon. Leaf area showed burns and leaf necrosis in soils with high Ca2+ content. Chlorophyll content and CO2 assimilation rate were lower in plants grown under MSF and SDF conditions compared to CMF. Environmental temperature, altitude, precipitation, pH, chlorophylls, as well as Ca2+, Mg, organic matter, N, Fe, Zn and Mn, were variables that help to explain the limitations of S. edule development in the crop expansion sites. The results can be considered as a reference and avoid failures due to displacement of S. edule to limiting agroclimatic conditions.
Response of maize to soil applied ZnSO4 and ZnEDTA
Authors: KREMPER Rita , BALLA KOVÁCS Andrea , JUHÁSZ Evelin , RÉKÁSI Márk , SZABÓ Anita , CSATHÓ Péter
Published: December 2024

In this study the fertilizing effect of ZnEDTA (zinc ethylenediaminetetraacetate), and ZnSO4ּ 7H2O (ZnSO4ּ) (zinc sulphate heptahydrate) was compared on calcareous loam soil. A pot experiment was set up with maize (Zea mays L. var. ‘P37N01’). Plants were treated with basic NPK doses and with Zn at increasing rates: 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg kg-1 Zn in ZnEDTA and in ZnSO4 form, respectively. The ZnEDTA and ZnSO4 treatments increased the dry matter production compared to control by an average of 16%. Applying 2.5 mg kg-1 Zn, shoot Zn uptake was 1.3-fold greater by plants treated with ZnEDTA, than that of treated with ZnSO4. In the case of higher rates (5.0 mg kg-1 Zn and 10 mg kg-1 Zn), Zn uptake from ZnEDTA was approximately twice as much as that of ZnSO4. This result confirms that ZnEDTA as Zn complex is more effective than ZnSO4 on calcareous soil. The increasing ZnEDTA and ZnSO4 doses enhanced the soil’s initial diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) Zn concentration to 1.8, 3.0, 6.3 mg kg-1 and 1.9, 3.5, and 6.5 mg kg-1, respectively. Contrary to our expectations, DTPA soil extractant was not able to indicate the difference in Zn availability between soils treated with ZnEDTA and ZnSO4. During the experiment, 0.6-1.7% of the added Zn doses were absorbed by the plants, and 48-59% of it could be measured back in the form of DTPA-Zn for both Zn fertilizers, the other half of the added Zn presumably converted to less available Zn forms.
Enhancing drought tolerance in okra through melatonin application: A comprehensive study of physiological, biochemical and metabolic responses
Authors: GOPAL Aswathi , VEERASAMY Ravichandran , DHASHNAMURTHI Vijayalakshmi , ALAGARSAMY Senthil , LOGANATHAN Arul , SENGODAN Radhamani , RAMASAMY Jagadeeswaran , MOTTAIYAN Pitchaimuthu
Published: December 2024

As climate change intensifies, drought stress presents a critical challenge for horticultural crops like okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The effectiveness of melatonin in reducing drought stress is investigated in this study. The treatments include: Absolute control (fully irrigated), control (drought), drought and seed treatment with 100 µM melatonin, drought and foliar spray of 100 µM melatonin, and drought stress with combined effect of seed treatment and foliar spray of 100 µM melatonin. Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, Fv/Fm ratio, and chlorophyll index were evaluated, alongside biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde, proline content, membrane stability index and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were quantified. Melatonin supplemented as seed treatment and foliar spray enhanced both physiological and biochemical parameters including antioxidant activity compared to drought control. Metabolite profiling identified bioactive compounds (mainly carbohydrates and amino acids) contributing to drought tolerance in okra. The results highlight that application of 100 µM melatonin via seed treatment and foliar spray enhances drought tolerance in okra, suggesting its potential to enhance crop resilience under water-deficit conditions.
Impact of different nucleus tuber sizes on growth, yield, and physiology attributes of potato production
Authors: ARIF Muhammad , ALI Kazim , MUHAMMAD Aish , ALI Haider , HUSSAIN Iqbal , SAFDAR Hassan , NOOR Abdul , KABIR Rahmat , ALI Shaukat , ALI Ghulam M.
Published: December 2024

Potato is the most important short-season annual herbaceous crop. Small nucleus tuber seeds are difficult to germinate and emerge in the field. This research evaluated how potato nucleus tuber size impacts seed production and plant development. We used the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the first week of June to seed six potato nucleus tuber sizes: T1 (0.47 g), T2 (0.84 g), T3 (2.0 g), T4 (5.0 g), T5 (10 g), and T6 (25.0 g). Plants were 30 cm apart, and rows were 76 cm apart. All treatments significantly differed in terms of days to first germination, germination percentage, flowering, physiological maturity, number of main stems per plant, tuber weight, marketable tuber yield, size of large tuber, tuber starch content, and total starch yield. However, the interaction between treatment and environment had no effect on marketable tuber yield. This research found that treatment T1 had substantial outcomes in germination (22.5), blooming (67.5), and physiological maturity (107.1). Larger tubers T6 (25.0 g) contain more buds, which increases germination percentage (%), number of main stems, plant height, yield, and physiological parameters, outperforming other treatments. This research found that seed tuber size affects crop development. Plants from bigger seed tubers performed better than those from smaller seeds.
Deciphering the drought tolerance mechanisms in citrus rootstocks
Authors: SOHAIL Muhammad , EL-BELTAGI Hossam S. , HUSSAIN Sajjad , HUSSAIN Altaf , ALI Ehsan , AHMAD Shakeel , SHAH Muhammad N. , ARBONA Vicent , KHALID Muhammad F.
Published: December 2024

An increasing amount of land is becoming unsuitable for citrus cultivation, mainly due to water scarcity. This study evaluated the physiological and biochemical performance of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) seedlings subjected to water deficit for 12 days. Under these conditions, trifoliate orange was more sensitive than rough lemon and exhibited significant changes in LRWC (64.8% vs 36.7%), gas exchange parameters (71.7% vs 54.3% on average), leaf surface area (18.2% vs 4.9%), chlorophyll fluorescence in dark- and light-adapted leaves (44.5% vs 33.3% on average) and non-photochemical quenching (94.3% vs 28.2%). Moreover, oxidative stress indicators, such as malondialdehyde or hydrogen peroxide, indicated significantly higher values in trifoliate orange than in rough lemon seedlings. They also showed lower antioxidant defense activation. Other biochemical parameters, such as proline, glycine betaine, antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, showed higher levels in rough lemon than in trifoliate orange seedlings. Overall, the better performance of rough lemon in arid conditions could be attributed to its improved ability to prevent water loss and maintain tissue water content. In addition, rough lemon has a more robust antioxidant defense to keep production of reactive oxygen species at low levels.
Analysis of the impact of watershed management practices, vegetation, and land use on soil erosion using EPM-IntErO modelling in Ceará’s semi-arid region
Authors: De SOUZA Alvanil M. , LENSE Guilherme H.E. , SANTANA Derielsen B. , RUBIRA Felipe G. , MINCATO Ronaldo L. , AYER Joaquim E.B. , SPALEVIC Velibor , LUKIĆ Tin , CERNANSKY Slavomir , DUDIC Branislav
Published: December 2024

The semi-arid region of Ceará, located in Northeast Brazil, is typically characterized by low rainfall, high temperatures, and sparse vegetation – conditions generally associated with reduced soil erosion rates. However, the region's fragile soils, which are shallow, nutrient-poor, and particularly susceptible to degradation, exacerbate the erosion. This degradation poses a significant threat to soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and environmental sustainability in the area. The primary objective of this study was to quantify soil loss in Ceará and to challenge the prevailing assumption that semi-arid regions inherently experience minimal erosion due to limited rainfall. The Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model was used, in conjunction with remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) technologies. Through this approach, we estimated an average soil loss rate of 9.7 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The results indicate that 38% of Ceará’s land area experiences soil loss rates exceeding tolerance limits, particularly in regions lacking vegetation, as well as in agricultural lands and pastures. These elevated erosion rates are largely attributed to the area’s poor soil properties, occasional intense rainfall events, and unsustainable land management practices. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved management of soil erosion processes to address these challenges. Implementing targeted soil conservation strategies and policies that promote sustainable land use is essential for mitigating water erosion, safeguarding long-term agricultural productivity, and enhancing environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in semi-arid regions.
Antioxidant properties and chemical composition of white truffle Tirmania nivea and its host plant Helianthemum lippii
Authors: ZAGHLUL Asmaa A. , HAMAD Hedayat M. , RASHAD Afaf , ABD El_GAWAD Amr , ALARDAN Dalal , ALSHAMMARI Abeer , AL-HARBI Nadi , ABDELAAL Khaled , YASSIN Marwa A.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the phytochemical contents and the antioxidant activity of the white truffle Tirmania nivea (Desf.) Trappe, and its host plant Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum. Cours. Standard procedures were applied for phytochemical analysis, including the determination of proximate compositions, mineral elements, and various secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activities were assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, azinobis benzo thiazoline sulphonic, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrate content, which has the highest value in the truffle and its host plant. The carbohydrate content is the highest in T. nivea compared with H. lippii. Crude lipids showed the lowest value in T. nivea and H. lippii. Potassium is the highest concentration of a macro-element in the truffle and the host plant. Iron is the highest concentration of micro-element in the truffle and host plant. Phenolics had the highest concentration of secondary metabolisms, but tannins had the lowest value in the truffle and its host plant. Concerning the antioxidant activity, we found that hexane extract of T. nivea and H. lippii has high inhibitory percentages equivalent to IC50 134.8 and 119.9 μg/mL, respectively for DPPH, 128.84, 111.21 μmol Fe2+/mg, respectively for FRAP, and 121.39 and 107.22 μg/mL, respectively for ABTS. The study proved that the aqueous extract of the truffle is much richer than the host plant in proximate constituents, minerals elements, and secondary metabolites; in addition, the truffle has a tremendous antioxidant capacity than the host plant, which leads us forward to introduce it for medical use.
CP's differential role in mono- and bipartite begomovirus movement and its role in phloem access for monopartite begomoviruses
Authors: IQBAL Zafar
Published: December 2024

Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae), the most wide-spread and devastating single-stranded DNA viruses, rely heavily on their coat protein (CP) for essential functions including encapsidation, DNA binding (both single-stranded and double-stranded), in planta movement, insect transmission, and virus transport inside the insect. This study aimed to assess whether the continuous provision of CP is an essentiality in the begomovirus movement. To do so, the CP genes of two monopartite begomoviruses (pedilanthus leaf curl virus and cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus), and a bipartite begomovirus (tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus), were mutated by introducing a stop codon in the N-terminal region, non-overlapping region to the (A)V2 gene, to disrupt CP function. To ensure continuous CP provision (expression) at the site of inoculation and within the phloem, the CPs of these three begomoviruses were cloned under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and within potato virus X vector. The CP mutant viral clones were agro-infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana plants to verify the objectives. The results demonstrated that CP mutation abolished the viral infectivity and spread in monopartite begomoviruses but not in bipartite begomoviruses. Notably, transient expression of CP, particularly through PVX and 35S promoter, significantly increased the presence of viral DNA in newly developing leaves, suggesting improved viral movement. This suggests that the continuous presence of CP is necessary for efficient spread, particularly in monopartite begomoviruses, likely by facilitating plasmodesmatal access to phloem cells for systemic infection. However, these findings are preliminary and require further investigation to draw definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, they have significant implications for understanding begomovirus biology and developing novel control strategies.
Comparative analysis of different heterodox interpretations about the end of the “Golden Age” of Western capitalism
Authors: BARROS LUCIANO ALENCAR , BASTOS CARLOS PINKUSFELD
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the understanding, in the field of heterodoxy, of the end of the Golden Age of Western capitalism. In this regard, this object is examined through a comparative analysis of three different theoretical approaches, which have in common the adoption of the Principle of Effective Demand and the influence of Marx’s framework: the regulation school and the neo-Kaleckian and Sraffian approaches.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hanna Samir Abdallah , Mota Bruna Salani , Moraes Fabio Ynoe de , Marta Gustavo Nader , Carvalho Heloísa de Andrade , Riera Rachel
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer and is associated with acute and late toxicities. Intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) may decrease toxicity and is convenient for patients. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of IMRT in women with early stage breast cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review study; Multi-institutional centers. METHODS: Seven databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing IMRT with any “non-IMRT” strategies were included. Primary outcomes were local control and acute toxicity. Cochrane Handbook was use to plan and conduct the review, and PRISMA 2020 was used to report results. RESULTS: Five RCT involving 2,556 women (n = 1,283 IMRT; n = 1,274 control arm) were included. Baseline characteristics were similar between trials and arms. Local relapse-free survival rates were not different (hazard-ratio [HR] 0.62; 95%confidence interval [CI] -0.38 to 1.62; P > 0.05); however, IMRT reduced the overall acute toxicity (RR 0.69, 95%CI 0.58 to 0.82; P < 0.00001) and acute moist desquamation (risk-ratio [RR] 0.71, 95%CI 0.60 to 0.82; P < 0.00001). Lymphedema and pneumonitis rates, and survival outcomes were not affected by IMRT. The 2-year telangiectasia rate was decreased with IMRT (RR 0.66, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.93; P = 0.02); however, edema, pain, pigmentation, or fibrosis remained unaffected. IMRT did not improve cosmesis. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT improved acute toxicity and lowered telangiectasia rates, without affecting oncological and aesthetic outcomes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This review was registered at Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD010420. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010420.
Effect of long-term negative energy on appetite hormone levels in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes
Authors: Alyar Gülşah , Umudum Fatma Zuhal , Yüce Neslihan , Akbaş Nergis
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Calorie restriction and exercise are commonly used first interventions to prevent the progression of prediabetes and alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Our study was designed to determine the effect of the energy deficit caused by long-term (12-week) calorie restriction and exercise programs on appetite responses in obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Calorie restriction and exercise programs appropriate for age, gender, and work environment were applied to 22 individuals with prediabetes and 22 with type 2 diabetes participating in the study for a period of 12 weeks. Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine values of samples taken before and after treatment were determined by the enzyme-linked ιmmunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Appetite hormone levels did not change after calorie restriction and exercise in the prediabetes group (p>0.05). In the diabetes group, calorie restriction and exercise significantly increased ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine concentrations (p<0.005). Additionally, when all patients were evaluated together, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine levels differed significantly after the intervention (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The energy deficit created by long-term calorie restriction and exercise did not modulate the appetite hormones in prediabetic and obese individuals. However, increased ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine levels in individuals with diabetes support that the same treatment program is an effective method to regulate appetite hormones.
Presença de Cryptosporidium spp e outros enteroparasitos com potencial patogênico em pacientes em hemodiálise: um estudo aberto e controlado
Authors: Adami Yara Leite , Gama Nycole Abreu , Cunha Flavia de Souza , Peralta Regina Helena Saramago , Lugon Jocemir Ronaldo
Published: December 2024

Resumo Introdução: A OMS aponta que infecções por enteroparasitos podem afetar ~3,5 bilhões de pessoas globalmente. Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) podem ser mais suscetíveis a infecções por patógenos oportunistas devido à função imunológica prejudicada. Avaliamos a infecção por enteroparasitos em pacientes em HD de dois centros de diálise e um grupo controle Métodos: Amostras fecais foram processadas pelas técnicas de Hoffmann, Pons&Janner, Ritchie, Willis e Rugai. Incluímos pacientes com insuficiência renal, de dois centros de diálise, em HD por mais de três meses. O grupo controle consistiu em familiares dos pacientes sem DRC evidente. PCR TaqMan e PCR Multiplex em tempo real foram realizadas para detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e C. parvum e para diferenciar o complexo Entamoeba (E.) histolytica/E. dispar, respectivamente Resultados: 97 pacientes em HD e 42 controles foram incluídos no estudo. Cinquenta (51,5%) amostras fecais do grupo HD foram positivas para enteroparasitos, assim como 26 (61,9%) do grupo controle (P = 0,260). S. stercoralis foi o único helminto detectado, presente apenas nos pacientes em HD. A coproscopia detectou sete amostras positivas para o complexo E. histolytica/E. dispar, três de pacientes em HD e quatro controles: através da PCR, todas as amostras foram positivas para E. dispar não patogênica. As lâminas de esfregaço fecal coradas com safranina foram todas negativas para Cryptosporidium spp. Entretanto, através da PCR, observou-se amplificação para Crypstosporidium spp. em seis amostras, todas de pacientes em HD. Duas das espécies foram classificadas como C. hominis por PCR-RFLP Conclusões: A infecção por enteroparasitos, detectada por técnicas tradicionais, não foi mais prevalente em pacientes em HD, mas o S. stercoralis foi encontrado exclusivamente entre eles. Vale ressaltar que a infecção por Cryptosporidium spp., que também afetou somente pacientes em HD, pôde ser detectada somente por técnicas de biologia molecular.
MONITORING RESPIRATORY BIOMECHANICS, LUNG CAPACITY AND MOBILITY IN BARIATRIC SURGERY: PERIOPERATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: ROSSI Danusa , STEDILE Ney Ricardo de Alencastro , SILVA Elias Aguiar da , GASPERI Danielly de , NETO SANTOS Luciano , EIBEL Bruna
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Background: Several preoperative pulmonary assessment protocols have been established over the years, but assessments of this magnitude are lacking in the bariatric population. Therefore, the assessment of lung capacity, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the peak expiratory flow and mobility can be predictors of operative safety and determine the time of hospital discharge. Objective: To evaluate lung capacity, respiratory muscle strength and level of mobility in the pre, immediate post-operative and hospital discharge of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with 38 bariatric patients undergoing surgical intervention. Anthropometric data, lung function, respiratory muscle strength and mobility level were evaluated pre-, post-operatively and at hospital discharge. Statistical Analysis: GEE; P<0.05. Results: In relation to the preoperative period, in the POi there was a significant reduction in mobility, respiratory muscle strength, FVC, FEV1, PEF and a significant increase in these variables at hospital discharge, however, not reaching the same conditions as the preoperative period, except the Tiffeneau index (P<0.644). Conclusion: Bariatric surgery impacts the mobility, respiratory muscle strength and lung function of patients with grade II and III obesity, leading to longer hospital stays and possible major complications. The role of physiotherapy in the prevention and rehabilitation of these patients must be strongly considered.