bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filling exit holes of friction stir welding lap joints using consumable pin tools
Authors: Behmand S. A. , Mirsalehi S. E. , Omidvar H. , Safarkhanian M. A.
Published: April 2015

In this study, filling friction stir welding was used to remove the exit hole of friction stir welding lap joints made from AA5456 sheets. For this purpose, the exit holes were filled by consumable pins with various geometries and different pin applying methods. Then, the structures and mechanical properties of the resulting joints were investigated. Results showed that the strength of 7% higher than the strength of the joint with the non-filled exit hole, ∼91% of the corresponding defect free joints, is obtainable with this technique. The best results were found by a pin with 11° cone angle, 8 mm diameter and 7 mm length, and with a 6 mm plunge without rotation.
An experimental method to study emissions from heated tobacco between 100-200°C
Authors: Forster Mark , Liu Chuan , Duke Martin G , McAdam Kevin G , Proctor Christopher J
Published: April 2015

Background

Cigarette smoke emissions are mainly produced by distillation, pyrolysis and combustion reactions when the tobacco is burnt. Some studies have shown that heating tobacco to temperatures below pyrolysis and combustion temperatures has the potential to reduce or eliminate some toxicants found in cigarette smoke. In this study, we designed a bench-top tube furnace that heats tobacco between 100-200°C and systematically studied the effects of heating temperatures on selected gas phase and aerosol phase compounds using an ISO machine-smoking protocol.

Results

Among a list of target chemical compounds, seven toxicants (nicotine, carbon monoxide, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, formaldehyde, NNN and NNK) were quantifiable but not at all temperatures examined. The levels of the compounds generally displayed an increasing trend with increasing temperatures. The observed carbon monoxide and aldehydes represented the initial thermal breakdown products from the tobacco constituents. Water was the largest measured component in the total aerosol phase collected and appeared to be mainly released by evaporation; nicotine release characteristics were consistent with bond breaking and evaporation. Quantifiable levels of NNK and NNN were thought to be the result of evaporative transfer from the tobacco blend.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the practical utility of this tool to study low-temperature toxicant formation and emission from heated tobacco. Between 100 to 200°C, nicotine and some cigarette smoke compounds were released as a result of evaporative transfer or initial thermal decomposition from the tobacco blend.
Monitoring and assessment of water health quality in the Tajan River, Iran using physicochemical, fish and macroinvertebrates indices
Authors: Aazami Jaber , Esmaili-Sari Abbas , Abdoli Asghar , Sohrabi Hormoz , Van den Brink Paul J
Published: April 2015

Background

Nowadays, aquatic organisms are used as bio-indicators to assess ecological water quality in western regions, but have hardly been used in an Iranian context. We, therefore, evaluated the suitability of several indices to assess the water quality for an Iranian case study.

Methods

Measured data on biotic (fish and macroinvertebrates) and abiotic elements (28 physicochemical and habitat parameters), were used to calculate six indices for assessment of water quality and the impact of human activities in the Tajan river, Iran. GIS, uni- and multivariate statistics were used to assess the correlations between biological and environmental endpoints.

Results

The results showed that ecological condition and water quality were reduced from up- to downstream. The reduced water quality was revealed by the biotic indices better than the abiotic ones which were linked to a variety of ecological water quality scales.

Conclusion

The fish index showed a strong relationship with long-term database of physicochemical parameters (12 years (94%)), whereas macroinvertebrates index is more correlated with short-term data (76%). Meanwhile, the biotic and abiotic elements in this study were also classified well by PCA. Pulp and wood plants and sand mining are indicated to have the most negative effects on the river ecosystem.
Role of orography in inducing high lightning flash rate at the foothills of Himalaya
Authors: Pawar Sunil D , Gopalakrishnan Venkatachalam , Murugavel Palani
Published: April 2015

Surface electric measurements obtained beneath thunderstorms with almost similar characteristics at a station located close to the Himalayan foothills in northeastern India have been analyzed. All these thunderstorms had some similar features - occurred after midnight and lasted for a short duration of less than an hour, and an active stage of these thunderstorms lasted for 10 to 25 min. All these thunderstorms exhibited very high peak flash rates ranging from 40 to 80 flashes per minute during the active stage. A lightning jump of about 65 flashes per minute (fpm) was observed during two occurrences of these thunderstorms. Surprisingly, in spite of very high peak lightning flash rates and lightning jumps, no severe weather phenomena were observed at the ground during these thunderstorms. The formation of such small duration thunderstorms with very high lightning flash rates is attributed to the conversion of moisture in the valley during nighttime.
Reaction Integration Using Electrogenerated Cationic Intermediates
Authors: Yoshida Jun-ichi , Shimizu Akihiro , Ashikari Yosuke , Morofuji Tatsuya , Hayashi Ryutaro , Nokami Toshiki , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: April 2015

Reaction integration which combines multiple reactions in a single operation in one pot or in a flow system without isolating intermediates enhances the power and speed of organic synthesis to meet future demands for synthesis of various organic molecules. This article provides a brief outline of a new field of organic synthesis based on time integration and space integration of reactions using unstable reactive cationic intermediates generated by electrochemical oxidation.
Powers of the Court of Cassation in Civil Proceedings
Authors: Kovtkov Dmitriy
Published: April 2015

The article investigates the order of exercising of powers of the court of cassation set forth in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Part 1 of Article 390 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation when checking enforceable judicial acts. The relevance of this article is conditioned by the need to resolve theoretical and practical issues of the exercising of the powers of the courts of cassation, courts of general jurisdiction, which arose after the adoption and entry into force of the Federal law of December 9, 2010 No. 353-FZ “On amendments to the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation”. Based on the analysis of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Part 1 of Article 390 of the RF CPC and the judicial practice, the author comes to the conclusion about the need for its legislative clarification, with a view to single out the powers of the court of cassation on changing appealed acts into a separate provision, as the joint consolidation in one paragraph of the court’s power to recall and change the enforceable court rulings misrepresents the essence of such powers and confuses legal phenomena of different nature.
The Legal Nature of a Secondment Contract
Authors: Chesalina Olga
Published: April 2015

The article examines the legal nature of a secondment contract. The investigation of this issue is of high theoretical and practical importance. From the theoretical point of view it is important to understand the place of such contract in the system of the contract law. From the practical point of view it is necessary in order to resolve the issue of the applicable law and the interpretation of such contract. To determine the legal nature of a secondment contract, the article investigates the issue whether this type of contract can be considered as a «mixed contract». Further the article investigates the issue whether a secondment contract is a paid service contract or a separate type of contract. While investigating this issue, a comparative-legal research method was used. In the research process the author reviews legislative definitions of the abovementioned contracts and terms, used in legislation, as well as law-enforcement and judicial practice related to this issue. Besides, the author analyses the subject matter of the secondment contract. As a result of the undertaken study, the author concludes that a secondment contract is a comprehensive contract regulated by the Russian legislation. This contract is a new type of contract.
Developing a successful community of practice to improve service delivery
Authors: Hollinshead Jayne , Stirling Linda , Kerr Paulette , Massey Diane
Published: April 2015

Communities of practice offer a forum for health visitors to share knowledge, learning and innovation, and a vehicle for collaborative problem-solving. This article discusses the benefits of participating in a community of practice, and how to establish and maintain a successful forum as a way to continually evaluate and improve service delivery—which will, ultimately, improve outcomes for children and families.
Free-Roaming Dogs Control Activities in One Italian Province (2000-2013): Is the Implemented Approach Effective?
Authors: Barnard Shanis , Chincarini Matteo , Di Tommaso Lucio , Di Giulio Fabrizio , Messori Stefano , Ferri Nicola
Published: April 2015

In Italy, standards for the management of free-roaming dogs (FRDs) are defined by regional norms, generating a high variability of approaches around the country. Despite efforts carried out by the competent authorities, FRDs are still a reality impacting upon animal health and welfare and public costs. A similar scenario can be found in many other Mediterranean and Balkan counties. Here we present 14 years of data (2000-2013) retrieved from the admission dog registry of a public shelter (PS) responsible for the collection of stray dogs from one Italian province. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the local FRD population, identifying its source and to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions implemented by the local authorities. In the investigated period, 7,475 dogs were admitted to the PS. Despite the intense sterilisation plan (mean 381.7 sterilisations per year), the overall number of dogs entering PS did not decrease consistently across the years. Results highlighted a lack of responsibility of owners by failing to sterilise and identify their dogs and allowing intact animals to roam free, therefore producing uncontrolled and unwanted litters. The current dog population management strategy, based on both sheltering and capture-neuter-release programmes, is insufficient to tackle the straying phenomenon. Educational and sterilisation programmes should be an integral part of a successfully implemented FRD control plan. Our results provide further insight on free-roaming dog population dynamics and control systems, and may have important implications for many other local contexts across Europe trying to overcome the straying phenomenon.
On convex hulls and the quasiconvex subgroups of Fm×ℤn
Authors: Sahattchieve Jordan
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we explore a method for forming the convex hull of a subset in a uniquely geodesic metric space due to Brunn and use it to show that with respect to the usual action of
A Numerical Approach to Determine Some Properties of Cylindrical Pieces of Bananas During Drying
Authors: da Silva Wilton Pereira , Silva Cleide M. D. P. S. e , Junior Aluizio Freire da Silva , de Melo Queiroz Alexandre José
Published: April 2015

This article uses several liquid diffusion models to describe convective drying of bananas cut into cylindrical pieces. A two-dimensional numerical solution of the diffusion equation with boundary condition of the third kind, obtained through the finite volume method, was used to describe the process. The cylindrical pieces were cut into the following dimensions: length of about 21 mm and average radius of 15 mm. Drying air temperatures were 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. In order to determine the process parameters, an optimizer was coupled with the numerical solution. A model that considers the shrinkage and variable effective moisture diffusivity well describes drying for all the experimental conditions, and enables to predict the moisture distributions at any given time. For this model, the determination coefficient has varied from 0.99937 (70°C) to 0.99995 (40°C), while the chi-square ranged from 3.41 × 10−4 (40°C) to 4.15 × 10−3 (70°C).
Small stories and identities analysis as a framework for the study of im/politeness-in-interaction
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra
Published: April 2015

Although (socio)linguistic studies of im/politeness and identities present many parallels in their disciplinary trajectories, not least the shift toward interactional approaches, there is still scope and need for bringing the two traditions together and fruitfully exploring their intersections in method and analysis. In this paper, I put forth a proposal for studying im/politenessin- interaction on the basis of small stories as a framework for narrative and identity analysis. My analysis shows how focusing on the stories’ ways of telling, sites, and tellers and drawing on the concept of positioning sheds light on the tellers’ management of particular im/politeness norms in the uses of and behavior in new media sites. I show how im/politeness and identities construction are interwoven in such cases.
“Ha! Relationships? I only shout at them!” Strategic management of discordant rapport in an African small business context
Authors: Lauriks Sanne , Siebörger Ian , De Vos Mark
Published: April 2015

This study demonstrates how and why interactants at a tyre fitment centre in Grahamstown, South Africa, manage discordant interpersonal relationships in strategic ways. Individuals in a post-apartheid small business respond to their social and economic context and exercise agency to their advantage in doing so. This study draws on linguistic ethnography (Rampton 2007) and the Rapport Management Framework (RMF, Spencer-Oatey 2000b, 2011), itself a development of politeness theory (Brown and Levinson 1987). An initial RMF analysis ran into difficulties around interactions that at first glance appeared to be oriented toward Rapport Challenge and Neglect. Upon closer examination, it appeared that discordant rapport was being actively maintained in this business. This led us to address underdeveloped areas of RMF that were not responsive enough to describe naturally occurring small business interactions, and propose an Enhanced Rapport Management Framework to overcome its inadequacies. We conclude that people may deliberately maintain discordant relationships when it is in their best interests to do so. Thus, contrary to a common-sense belief that harmonious social relations are an intrinsic good, we found that promoting discordant social relations can be understood as a rational response to individuals’ social and economic contexts, particularly in conditions such as those in many postcolonial African societies.
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Dimers: A New Pharmacological Target
Authors: Wellman Martin , Abizaid Alfonso
Published: April 2015

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1a), the target of the ghrelin peptide, is widely distributed throughout the brain, and, while studies have often reported very low or absent levels of central ghrelin, it is now known that GHSR1a, even in the absence of a natural ligand, has physiological roles. Not only do these roles originate from the receptor’s constitutive activity, but recent data indicate that GHSR1a dimerizes with a wide array of other receptors. These include the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2C), and possibly the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1). Within these dimers, signaling of the protomers involved are modified through facilitation, inhibition, and even modification of signaling pathways resulting in physiological consequences not seen in the absence of these dimers. While in some cases the ghrelin peptide is not required for these modifications to occur, in others, the presence is necessary for these changes to take effect. These heterodimers demonstrate the broad array of roles and complexity of the ghrelin system. By better understanding how these dimers work, it is hoped that improved treatments for a variety of disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, addiction, obesity, diabetes, and more, can be devised. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge surrounding GHSR heterodimers, and how we can apply this knowledge to various pharmacological treatments.
Transition Densities and Sample Frequency Spectra of Diffusion Processes with Selection and Variable Population Size
Authors: Živković Daniel , Steinrücken Matthias , Song Yun S , Stephan Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Advances in empirical population genetics have made apparent the need for models that simultaneously account for selection and demography. To address this need, we here study the Wright–Fisher diffusion under selection and variable effective population size. In the case of genic selection and piecewise-constant effective population sizes, we obtain the transition density by extending a recently developed method for computing an accurate spectral representation for a constant population size. Utilizing this extension, we show how to compute the sample frequency spectrum in the presence of genic selection and an arbitrary number of instantaneous changes in the effective population size. We also develop an alternate, efficient algorithm for computing the sample frequency spectrum using a moment-based approach. We apply these methods to answer the following questions: If neutrality is incorrectly assumed when there is selection, what effects does it have on demographic parameter estimation? Can the impact of negative selection be observed in populations that undergo strong exponential growth?
Bank Lines of Credit for Small Business Clients: Cash Substitution and Funding Source
Authors: Schertler Andrea , Hubensack Carsten , Pfingsten Andreas
Published: April 2015

We investigate whether small business clients could use revocable credit lines, firstly, in their cash management and, secondly, as a funding source. Since the medium-size bank that provided our unique sample has the right to call these lines and charges considerably high rates for using them, we argue that these lines are particularly suitable for managing short-term liquidity needs. From our findings on how the line terms (line availability, line limit, and charged line rate) depend on a client’s liquidity-at-risk, the duration of its relationship with the bank, and its limit overdrafts, we nonetheless conclude that these lines, although they are revocable, fulfill both purposes.
Empirische Evidenz zu Recovery Rates von Bankkrediten im Privatkundengeschäft
Authors: Grunert Jens , Kitsios Natalia
Published: April 2015

Trotz der großen Bedeutung des Privatkundensegments insbesondere bei kleineren Banken existieren im Gegensatz zum Firmenkundensegment nur wenige empirische Studien zu den Recovery Rates im Kreditgeschäft. Auf Basis eines Datensatzes einer regionalen Bank mit 150 Kreditnehmern, die in den Jahren 2011 bis 2013 ausgefallen sind, zeigt sich eine bimodale Verteilung der Recovery Rate bei Privatkundenkrediten. Der Mittelwert beträgt etwa 50 % und fällt somit vor allem aufgrund der geringen/fehlenden Besicherung niedriger aus als die durchschnittliche Recovery Rate im Firmenkundensegment mit circa 75 %. Während ein großer ausstehender Kreditbetrag sowie ein langer Work-Out-Prozess zu sinkenden Recovery Rates führt, kann ein Einfluss des wirtschaftlichen Umfelds nicht nachgewiesen werden.
HEALTHY PROPERTIES OF ENDIVE (CICHORIUM ENDIVIA L.) DEPENDING ON THE VARIETY AND VEGETATIVE OF SEASON
Authors: Mentel Iwona , Cieślik Ewa , Sadowska-Rociek Anna
Published: April 2015

The endive (Cichorium endivia L.) is plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is very popular vegetable in France, Italy and Germany. Endive because of its high content healthy components can be used in prevention against a lot of diseases.
The studies were conducted on two varieties of endive: ‘Cigal’ and ‘Marconi’ during vegetative of season: 2009 and 2010. The research material was assessed for: dry matter, protein, dietary fibre, ash, selected minerals (Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) levels and antioxidants (vitamin C, phenols components) contents. Also, the calculation of the energy value, carbohydrates and the antioxidant potential of ABTS. were performed. The endive variety ‘Cigal’ was characterized higher content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc and phenols components. While variety ‘Marconi’ contained more of dry matter, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamin C, iron, copper and higher antioxidant activity. The studies showed statistically significant differences in terms of the content of components and antioxidant activity, between analysed varieties of vegetable and vegetation of season.
ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF FRUIT SORBETS CONTAINING YACON (SMALLANTHUS SONCHIFOLIUS Poepp. and Endl.)
Authors: Topolska Kinga , Filipiak-Florkiewicz Agnieszka , Florkiewicz Adam , Cieślik Ewa
Published: April 2015

Due to the growing consumer interest in functional food, sorbets containing yacon root powder as a source of many valuable compounds, especially fructans, may be a desirable alternative to traditional ice cream desserts. The aim of this work was to evaluate organoleptic quality (taste, color, aroma as well as consistency and structure) of fruit sorbets containing Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. and Endl.) root powder in dependence on kind of fruit (orange, cherry, strawberry), and its share in sorbet’s recipe, using a 9-point hedonic scale (1 point =„I do not like it at all“, 9 = „I like it very much“). The results showed that organoleptic quality was depended on the kind and the share of fruit used to the sorbet production. Strawberry sorbets gained over 80% of maximal scores.
One can conclude that yacon root powder can be used as the ingredient of fruit sorbet, with increased consumer liking.
EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON DRY WEIGHT AND RELATIVE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN GREENINGMAIZE AND SUNFLOWER TISSUES
Authors: Várallyay Szilvia , Bódi Ãva , Garousi Farzaneh , Veres Szilvia , Kovács BÃ©la
Published: April 2015

Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements that can be found in the environment. Excessive uptake of arsenic may cause physiological changes in plants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different arsenic treatments on relative chlorophyll content and dry weight of shoot and root of maize and sunflower in the early phases of plant development. Seedlings were grown in climatic room in nutrient solution under strictly regulated environmental conditions. The plants were exposed to 3, 10 and 30 mg kg-1arsenic, whereas there was no arsenic treatment on the control plants. We applied arsenic in the form of arsenite (NaAsO2) and arsenate (KH2AsO4), respectively. After 14 days of arsenic treatments, changes in relative chlorophyll content and dry weight of maize shoots and roots were recorded. In the case of sunflower these physiological parameters were measured after 21 day. The applied arsenic decreased the relative chlorophyll content of maize and sunflower leaves, especially at concentration of30 mg kg-1. The increasing amount of As treatment were resulted the lower weight of the experimental plants, which was more considerable in the case of the roots. The results indicate that the sunflower plants is more sensitive to arsenic toxicity than maize plants and all data demonstrate that the As(III) is more toxic to these crop plants than the As(V).
TIME INTENSITY (TI) MEASUREMENTS OF SWEETENERS ON GREEN TEA CARRIER
Authors: Vietoris Vladimir , Czako Peter , Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Mendelová Andrea , Kozelová Dagmar , Balková Hana
Published: April 2015

Aim of the study was characterize sweet intensity profiles of natural and artificial sweeteners during time interval on taste carrier (green tea). For analysis was selected time intensity (TI) methodology during 12 second time interval and assessors group was divided to male and female division. Difference between groups and sweeteners was investigated. Preference testing was done by CATA methodology and processed by correspondent analysis. During time intensity evaluation was observed similar profile shape of natural sweeteners. Different was performance of saccharin. During preference experiment was evaluated that all artificial sweeteners are associated with negative attributes of CATA questionnaire. Perception of sweeteners by male and female assessors was statistically significant.
ATTEMPT TO REDUCE ACRYLAMIDE CONTENT IN ROASTED CHICORY
Authors: Zięć Gabriela , Gambuś Halina , Berski Wiktor , Litwinek Dorota , Wyworcka-Gurgul Anna , Mickowska Barbara
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to reduce the formation of acrylamide during roasting of chicory roots by soaking the fresh roots in a solution
of calcium chloride, by the use of different temperature and time of roasting of dried roots, as well as by the addition of the enzyme
(asparaginase) during roasting of dried roots.
It was shown, that with increasing roasting temperature of chicory roots from 100 - 175 ° C the acrylamide content also increased, while
at a temperature of 210 ° C the growth was inhibited. Increasing roasting time from 10 - 25 minutes resulted in an increased acrylamide
content. Soaking the roots in the CaCl2 solution for 20 minutes reduced the formation of acrylamide during the roasting approximately
by 40%, similarly as the application of asparaginase to the dried roots during the roasting process.
Seismic evaluation of flexure–shear dominated RC walls in moderate seismic regions
Authors: Mehmood Tahir , Hussain Kashfia , Warnitchai Pennung
Published: April 2015

The current study focuses on the typical design practice for reinforced concrete shear walls prevailing in low to moderate seismic regions such as Thailand. A reversed cyclic quasi-static loading test is conducted to assess the seismic performance of a large-scale flexure–shear dominated reinforced concrete shear wall specimen with an aspect ratio of 2. A strong coupling effect of flexure and shear responses is observed, even though the shear strength is about 1·5 times the shear corresponding to the nominal moment capacity of the specimen. The final mode of failure is concrete crushing and the buckling of vertical reinforcement in the boundary zones. An analytical study is also conducted as a part of the verification of the experimental results. The analytical results of a commonly adopted fibre modelling approach for reinforced concrete shear walls are compared with a finite-element model based on modified compression field theory. Results of analytical study indicate that neglecting the coupling of flexure and shear responses can lead to unreliable predictions of the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of flexure–shear dominated reinforced concrete shear walls such as the one considered in this study.
Juego, trabajo y arte. Los pragmatistas de Chicago y la construcción de formas sociales de experiencia democrática
Authors: Boronat Núria Sara Miras
Published: April 2015

En 1986 Mead apuntó que existen tres tipos generales de actividad humana: el trabajo, el juego y el arte. Juego, trabajo y arte son las piedras angulares de la clase de experiencia social que los pragmatistas de Chicago tenían en mente y la base para cualquier educación democrática. También son tres modos de enriquecer y diversificar los modos heredados de interacción social para cualquier comunidad dada, modos cuyas condiciones han ido variando en entornos sociales de creciente complejidad. El primer objetivo del artículo será presentar la concepción de juego debida a G.H. Mead, intrínsecamente vinculado a los otros dos tipos de actividad humana. El segundo objetivo del artículo será el de examinar críticamente las posibilidades de la filosofica social pragmatista para el actual mundo globalizado.

 
Metaverso y artista
Authors: Serra David
Published: April 2015

El siguiente artículo muestra una interpretación del mundo virtual de Second Life a través de sus acciones artísticas, especialmente desde la noción code performance , cuestionando y reflexionando sobre el propio medio. Una visión transversal que quiere hacer visible los principales focos de interés de dicho metaverso en una aproximación de análisis estético, y entender su dispersión creativa que transita aparentemente sin rumbo y que se manifiesta en un cuerpo virtual.

 
Apuntes sobre la enseñanza de la escultura en México
Authors: Francisco Javier Tous Olagorta
Published: April 2015

Se presentan de forma sintética y a modo informativo, unos apuntes y reflexiones, sobre el desarrollo de la historia de la enseñanza de la escultura dentro de las Bellas Artes, iniciando desde la Antigua Academia de San Carlos de México fundada en 1 781 , que se transformó tras su Independencia y con el transcurrir de 232 años, en la actual Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, incorporada desde Mayo de 1910 a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, que es en la actualidad del siglo XXI, uno de los referentes más importantes en la República de México y Latinoamérica para la enseñanza y la investigación dentro de las universidades en donde se imparten las Artes Visuales, teniendo en cuenta que desde agosto del 2011 comenzó a impartirse un doctorado en Artes y Diseño.

 

 
Full Issue
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2015

Full Issue
El arte como resistencia. La ópera-tango María de Buenos Aires
Authors: Bosch Carlos Luis
Published: April 2015

En las orillas del tango han desembarcado gran cantidad de influencias musicales y literarias. Desde su inicio prostibulario hasta la época de oro, en los años 40, las diferentes orquestas fueron incorporando estéticas de cada período al mismo tiempo que se hacían eco de los grandes cambios sociales del siglo XX. A pesar de ello, la gran mayoría de los tangueros consideraron que Astor Piazzolla había cruzado un límite, había ido demasiado lejos con su obra, María de Buenos Aires. No sólo es la primera ópera-tango de la historia sino que es uno de los trabajos donde mejor se reflejan las diferencias y disputas hacia el interior del tango. Si bien esta obra surje en una época donde las vanguardias artísticas influían en el panorama artístico de Buenos Aires, los defensores del tango como música tradicional de la ciudad no querían perder ciertas tradiciones que este género custodiaba celosamente.  Analizaremos hasta qué punto esta obra implica una resistencia a las concepciones establecidas de su época y cómo esa resignificación involucra una serie de cambios que van más allá del tango.
USE OF ORTHOGONAL HYDROTURBINES IN LOW-HEAD HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail Vladimirovich
Published: April 2015

Orthogonal hydroturbines constructions used in lowhead hydro-electric power plants are viewed. A new model of hydroturbine for this type of power plants is presented. Exploration technology and engineered physical models of developed hydroturbine construction are described. The results of hydraulic tests of conditions of waterfl ow of orthogonal turbine blades are given.
EFFICIENCY INCREASE OF GAS-TURBINE INSTALLATION BY INJECTION OF WATER VAPOR IN THE NK-37 ENGINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER
Authors: KUDINOV Anatoliy Aleksandrovich , GORLANOV Sergey Petrovich
Published: April 2015

The analysis of work of the gas-turbine GTU-25 installation on the basis of the aviation NK-37 engine is made at injection of water vapor in the combustion chamber, advantages and restrictions of this way are described, graphic dependences of the main indicators of overall performance of gas-turbine installation on a consumption of injectable water vapor are given to the combustion chamber.
CITY AND AGRICULTURAL CLUSTER
Authors: Akhmedova Elena Aleksandrovna , Zhogoleva Anna Vladimirovna , Mal'tseva Elena Sergeevna
Published: April 2015

The article examines the questions of the interaction of city structure and countryside spatial systems. There is an overview of the international and local experience, giving a range of various examples of interaction between the city and the countryside in conclusion the agricultural cluster is considered as a solution of the problem of the city and the countryside interaction. The concept of the cluster is explained and there is given information about its function and its constituent objects.
STATE OF TOWN-PLANNING OF CONTINUITY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Veretennikov Dmitriy Borisovich
Published: April 2015

The modern state of the concept of continuity in the context of urban development and transformation of a fundamental element of the major historical cities - planning structure of the city. Emphasizes the relevance of understanding the continuity of urban planning as a fundamental property of the planning structure of the city. Raises the issue of the need to develop a common methodology for the study of successive development of the planning structure of the city.
THE IMPACT OF MODERN LEGAL AND REGULATORY DOCUMENTS TO THE FUNCTIONAL AND SPACE-PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna Andreevna
Published: April 2015

The article considers the current legal documents in order to eliminate the pre-school organizations, adopted at the federal and regional levels. The analysis of the applicability of each event in the urban environment of Samara is made. The dependence of the change in space-planning and functional structure of the building preschool organization of the introduction of new legal regulations is defined. Denotes the possibility of an integrated approach to addressing the problem of pre-school education.
CONTINUOUS WAVE FLOW COURSE ANALYSIS IN THE OPEN CHANNELS WITH LOCAL SIDE BARRIERS
Authors: SAYRIDDINOV Sayriddin Shakhobovich
Published: April 2015

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research which allows to give engineeringbased recommendations about determination of wave characteristics in interaction with local side narrowing of the riverbed and improve methods of calculation and designing of hydraulic and engineering objects, water supply and drainage system.
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DA CLORAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM SISTEMAS DE FILTRAGEM DE IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA
Authors: Ribeiro Túlio A. P. , Paterniani José E. S.
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma investigação experimental de umafonte hídrica superficial utilizada em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento e aimportância da cloração da água na uniformidade de distribuição de água e no efluentedos sistemas de filtragem. O tratamento químico da água de irrigação foi feito medianteda cloração, onde a fonte de cloro foi na forma de hipoclorito de sódio. Utilizaram-sedois filtros, um de disco e outro de mata sintética não tecida na filtragem da água efez-se uma comparação de seus efluentes. Analisou-se a variação temporal duranteum ano, dos parâmetros físicos sólidos suspensos e turbidez e dos biológicos aconcentração de algas e bactérias no efluente dos filtros. O grau de obstrução dosemissores foi avaliado pelo de ensaios de vazão que determinaram a uniformidadede distribuição da água por de dois índices, onde se variaram os números deemissores amostrados. Ocorreram variações no desempenho do filtro de manta ede disco com relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicos de seus efluentes ao longodo ano. Os valores das médias dos índices de uniformidade de distribuição de águaforam bem próximos para as duas parcelas que utilizaram os dois filtros de manta edisco. A concentração de cloro livre foi maior no efluente do filtro de disco durante amaior parte do tempo de estudo.
AVALIAÇÃO DE FERRAMENTA DE PREPARO CONSERVACIONISTA DO SOLO PARA PLANTIO EM PEQUENA PROPRIEDADE
Authors: Maciel Antonio J. S. , Albiero Daniel
Published: April 2015

O cultivo conservacionista é largamente utilizado para controle de erosão em todomundo. O mais eficiente e popular sistema utilizado é o Sistema de Plantio Direto quemantém o máximo de cobertura de resíduos sobre a superfície, no entanto tem algu-mas desvantagens, por exemplo: sulco de plantio não preparado, afetando a emergên-cia das sementes e absorção dos fertilizantes, além do desenvolvimento das raízes -o que pode reduzir a produtividade; as máquinas que realizam o plantio são de cons-trução pesada, causando alto consumo de potência e induzindo compactação extra; eo controle de plantas daninhas é dependente de herbicidas. Este trabalho trata daavaliação de uma nova enxada rotativa denominada Paraplow Rotativo, cujo objetivo éeliminar as citadas desvantagens. Seu conceito é a junção entre uma enxada rotativavertical convencional com um Paraplow, utilizando a tomada de potência de um motocultivador em um sistema rotativo vertical. Sua construção se mostrou muito leve.Muitas geometrias de Paraplows Rotativas foram selecionadas para estudo; sendoconduzidas a séries de testes em laboratório em caixa de solo e testes em campocom um micro-trator de 9 kW e um pequeno trator de quatro rodas de 40 kW. Osresultados encontrados demonstraram um bom desempenho operacional.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS DE AQUISIÇÃO DE SINAIS ELÉTRICOS CEREBRAIS EM BOVINOS UTILIZANDO EQUIPAMENTO TELEMÉTRICO
Authors: Silva Ana C. S. , Onody Guilherme A. , Moraes André L. , Arce Aldo I. C. , SAVASTANO JR Holmer , Costa Ernane J. X.
Published: April 2015

Os experimentos foram realizados na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia deAlimentos da Universidade de São Paulo, com duas novilhas da raça holandesa (2,5anos). Para que fossem determinadas técnicas ideais de aquisição de sinais cerebraisem bovinos adultos, utilizando equipamento telemétrico foram realizados testes deposicionamento e fixação de eletrodos superficiais e do equipamento de coleta.Determinadas a posição e forma de fixação dos eletrodos e do equipamento, foramrealizados experimentos com os animais totalmente livres dentro do piqueteexperimental. O sinal foi amostrado a 100 Hz e, devido à intensa movimentação doanimal apresentou grande quantidade de artefatos. Antes do cálculo da densidadeespectral de potências foram selecionados trechos livres de artefatos com 5 s deduração. As freqüências estavam de acordo com o apresentado na literatura, apesarde os autores utilizarem eletrodos de agulha e realizarem os experimentos combezerros. Os resultados indicaram que é possível adquirir sinal de EEG de bovinosadultos, utilizando equipamento telemétrico e eletrodos superficiais.
MANAGEMENT CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING PRECISION FARMING CONCEPT FOR DECISION MAKING.
Authors: MANTOVANI EVANDRO CHARTUNI , MATOSO MARCOS JOAQUIM , OLIVEIRA ANTONIO CARLOS DE , AVELLAR GISELA DE
Published: April 2015

The change of data into information is the most important aspects when using precision agricultureconcept, in order to understand crop yield differences in the same area of production. The objectiveof this paper is to present a Management Crop Production System Methodology to help farmersmake decisions of a specific intervention on the low production and unprofitable areas. This workwas developed in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, during three years (1999 through2002), in an area of 38 ha, irrigated by a center pivot, with corn crop under no-tillage system andthe results applied for developing a methodology and then applied to a production area of 115 ha,Recanto Farm, Sidrolândia, MS, Brazil. The yield maps were obtained using a MF-34 combine,with an yield monitor and DGPS system. The proposed methodology is being used to identify andto analyze the intervention areas by two maps: trend and profitability. This methodology providesthe farmers with a management system to analyze a specific production variable or adoptedtechnology, by accepting or rejecting a certain intervention.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM MODELO PARA ESTIMATIVA DO ESTRO DE GADO LEITEIRO USANDO LÓGICA FUZZY
Authors: SANTOS RODRIGO COUTO , NÄÄS IRENILZA DE ALENCAR , LABIGALINI MARCELO RICARDO
Published: April 2015

A ambiência é uma ferramenta que vem ao encontro das necessidades dos produtores, por reunir os conhecimentos necessários sobre produção animal e avaliação ambiental, principalmente através dos índices de conforto. É também através desta ciência que passa a ser possível se propor opções de observação de todo manejo da produção, com base na interação animal/ambiente, por meio de seus indícios fisiológicos e comportamentais. A carência existente no setor da pecuária leiteira brasileira, tanto de aumentar a produtividade, quanto de diminuir os custos de produção, tem induzido os produtores a buscarem novos conhecimentos. Desta forma, as relações entre fatores ambientais e respostas fisiológicas do gado leiteiro são de extrema importância durante o processo produtivo. Assim, informações como a época correta de ocorrência do estro não deve ser analisada como uma variável absoluta, já que fatores ambientais, sistema de criação e tipologia das instalações influenciam nas reações fisiológicas do animal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever um modelo multivariável com a utilização da lógica fuzzy que estimasse o cio de vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas informações pertinentes a gado holandês alojados em confinamento total com intervalos de idade, peso e produção pré-definidos. Serviram como variáveis de entrada o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), período após último cio (PAUC) e número de indícios de estro (NCO). Como variável de saída foi considerada a taxa de detecção de cio (TDC). Foi possível concluir que, em situação de ITU elevado, o modelo baseado na lógica fuzzy estimou com alto grau de exatidão, a possibilidade de uma vaca estar entrando na fase de estro.
COMPORTAMENTO REOLÓGICO DE SOLUÇÕES MODELO DE GELÉIAS E DOCES EM MASSA LIGHT
Authors: MOURA SÍLVIA CRISTINA S. R. DE , VISSOTTO FERNANDA Z. , DE ALMEIDA MARIA EUGENIA M. , FEFIM DJANE A.
Published: April 2015

A mistura de géis tem atraído a atenção de um número crescente de pesquisadores devido à expectativa de maior flexibilidade em seus mecanismos e propriedades estruturais e reológicas em relação ao gel puro. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar onze soluções modelo de doces em massa e geléias light, utilizando-se vários hidrocolóides e comparar suas características reológicas. Observou-se que a viscosidade diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura, ajustando-se ao modelo de Arrhenius. O modelo reológico que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o de Herschel-Bulkley, com n<1, fluido pseudo-plástico. Foi avaliada a variação da viscosidade com o tempo e a maior parte das soluções modelo apresentou comportamento tixotrópico.
ESTUDO DA CLARIFICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA NATURAL UTILIZANDO SUSPENSÃO AQUOSA OBTIDA COM SEMENTES DE MORINGA OLEIFERA
Authors: RAMOS RENATA O. , PATERNIANI JOSÉ E. S. , ZUMERLY HENRI R.
Published: April 2015

A espécie Moringa oleifera, destaca-se como uma fonte de coagulante natural, alternativo aossais de alumínio e ferro, utilizados com o objetivo de eliminar as partículas presentes na água porprocessos de clarificação. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo comparativo das condições demistura rápida e de floculação (gradiente de velocidade médio e tempo de agitação), quanto àremoção de cor e turbidez, por meio sedimentação após 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 min: as águas deestudo foram coletadas durante a realização dos experimentos e apresentaram turbidez baixa ecor moderada. Foram realizados ensaios com reatores estáticos com capacidade para 2 L e osparâmetros analisados foram: cor aparente e turbidez remanescente. Os resultados do trabalhoexperimental realizado indicam que o emprego do coagulante extraído das sementes de M. oleiferatrituradas e peneiradas para promover a clarificação de água por filtração direta apresenta grandepotencial para o tratamento domiciliar.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NUM LATOSSOLO VERME- LHO SOB SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO.
Authors: OLIVEIRA JOSILENE P. DE , BATISTA LUCAS F. , SIQUEIRA GLÉCIO M.
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade espacial de plantas daninhas num LatossoloVermelho sob sistema plantio direto. As medições foram realizadas em uma área de 0,5 ha, em50 pontos de amostragem com espaçamento de 5 m x 10 m. Os dados foram analisados por meioda estatística clássica e da geoestatística, e os mapas de variabilidade espacial construídos pormeio da técnica de interpolação por krigagem. Todas as espécies de plantas daninhas presentesna área de estudo apresentaram variabilidade espacial, com exceção da corda-de-viola (Ipomoeatriloba L.) e crista-de-galo (Heliotropium indicum L.), que apresentaram efeito pepita puro. Osvalores de alcance (a) demonstram que o espaçamento entre amostras pode ser ampliado paratodas as espécies de plantas daninhas. Não foi possível determinar zonas específicas de manejona área de estudo uma vez que as distintas espécies de plantas daninhas infestaram diferenteszonas da área de estudo.
THE HISTORY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR BIO-OIL PRODUCTION AT THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OF UNICAMP
Authors: CORTEZ LUIS A. B. , JORDAN RODRIGO A. , B. JR. RICARDO , PEREZ JUAN M. M. , ROCHA JOSÉ D.
Published: April 2015

This article is dedicated to describe the fast pyrolysis plant of biomass PPR-200 settled at UNICAMPSchool of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI). This fast pyrolysis plant, the first in Brazil to produce oilwith fluidized bed reactor , began operating in 1998 with studies in a reactor for gasification, adaptedto obtain bio-oil.Currently, PPR-200 operates with a 200 kg h-1 biomass capacity, and is used toconduct exploratory testing with various vegetable raw materials, such as sugar cane trash andbagasse, elephant grass, sawdust from wood, rice straw, coffee straw, orange bagasse, etc.. Around15% of biomass is burnt to provide heat to the process. The remainder turns into the followingproducts: bio-oil (20-40%), fine charcoal (20-30%), extract acid (10-15%) and pyrolysis gas (15-35%).The pyrolysis gas is composed mainly by CH4, the H2, CO and CO2.
PHYSICO-CHEMICALANALYSIS OF THE CASHEW NUT PRODUCTION WASTE AIMING THEIR USE IN CEMENT COMPOSITES
Authors: LIMA SOFIA ARAÚJO , ROSSIGNOLO JOÃO ADRIANO , JUNIOR HOLMER SAVASTANO , FIORELLI JULIANO
Published: April 2015

Ashes have a prominent place among the agroindustrial wastes, as they result from the energy generationprocess. Most ashes have pozzolanic activity, and may be used as a cement replacement material,resulting in less energy waste and low cost composite. The present paper investigates the physical andchemical properties of cashew nut shell ash (CNSA) by the following measurement tests: chemicalanalysis, bulk density, specific mass, leaching and solubilization process, X-Ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). A low content of silicon (SiO2)was observed by means of the chemical tests and heavy metals were found in the analysis of the CNSAsolubilized extract. These results will be important for the determination of the pozzolanicity of CNSA ina next stage, as well as the development of a new product for civil building reducing the solubilization ofthe CNSA in the environment.Keywords: Cashew nut ashes; Agroindustrial waste; X-Ray diffraction; SEM; Surface area.1 Federal University of São Carlos- UFSCAR, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.2 São Paulo University - FZEA/ USP - Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.BioEng, Campinas, v.3 n.3, p.191-200, Set/Dez., 2009