bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türk Vergi Ve Bütçe Mevzuatında Benzeri Mali Yükümlülük Kavramı
Authors: ERCAN HÜSEYİN
Published: January 2025

Kamu gelirlerinden sayılan vergi, resim, harçların özü itibariyle nelerden meydana geldikleri belli iken, benzeri mali yükümlülük kavramının nelerden oluştuğu gerek uygulamada gerekse doktrinde belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Benzeri mali yükümlülüklerin birçoğunun izin alma, yarı kamusal mal ve hizmetten yararlanma gibi bir karşılığı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada benzeri mali yükümlülük kavramının mevzuatta ve uygulamada nelerden oluştuğunu ortaya konulacaktır. Benzeri mali yükümlülüklerle ilgili olarak vergi ve bütçe mevzuatları, Anayasa Mahkemesinin kararları göz önüne alınarak bir sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak da benzeri mali yükümlülük kavramı içerisinde fon, ücret, pay gibi adlarla kamu hizmeti karşılığı para alındığı bunların da aslında resim, harç, vergi kavramlarının içeriklerine benzedikleri görülmektedir.
BARIŞ VE SAVUNMA HARCAMALARININ DIŞ BORÇLANMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: SEÇİLMİŞ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: BARDAKÇI DOĞAN Hande , ŞAŞMAZ Mahmut Ünsal
Published: January 2025

Barış ve savunma harcamaları tüketiminde rekabetin ve dışlamanın olmaması nedeniyle küresel kamusal mal olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu malların fayda veya zararları ulusları hatta gelecek nesilleri etkilediğinden tüm dünya ülkeleri açısından önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla barış ve savunma harcamalarının finansman kaynaklarının belirlenmesi oldukça önemli bir konudur. Nitekim barış ve savunma harcamalarının finansman kaynaklarından biri de dış borçlanmadır. Bu nedenle barış ve savunma harcamaları ile dış borçlanma arasında ilişkinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesi karar vericiler açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2007-2017 döneminde 4 Ortadoğu (Mısır, İran, Ürdün, Lübnan) ve Türkiye’de savunma harcamaları, barış düzeyi, ekonomik büyüme ve dış borçlanma arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Ürdün ve Lübnan’da savunma harcamaları ve dış borçlanma arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Diğer ülkelerde ise herhangi anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Diğer yandan, barış düzeyi ile dış borçlanma arasında Mısır ve Türkiye’de anlamlı ve negatif bir nedensellik ilişki belirlenmiştir. Diğer ülkelerde ise herhangi anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.
AI Techniques to Counter Information Security Attacks
Authors: Reddy Julakanti Sivananda
Published: January 2025

In the rapidly evolving landscape of information security, traditional defence mechanisms often fall short against sophisticated cyber threats. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal technology in enhancing the resilience of information systems against such attacks. This research article explores various AI techniques employed to fortify information security, including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. By leveraging these advanced methodologies, organizations can proactively identify, prevent, and respond to security breaches with greater efficiency and accuracy. The study conducts a comprehensive review of current AI-driven security solutions, analysing their effectiveness in mitigating different types of cyber threats such as malware, phishing, and insider attacks. Furthermore, the research examines the integration challenges of AI technologies within existing security frameworks and assesses the ethical implications associated with AI-driven decision-making in cybersecurity. Through a mixed-methods approach, including case studies and empirical data analysis, this paper highlights the strengths and limitations of AI techniques in information security. The findings suggest that while AI significantly enhances threat detection and response capabilities, it also introduces new vulnerabilities and requires continuous monitoring and updating to remain effective. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on leveraging AI for robust information security strategies, providing actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers aiming to safeguard digital assets in an increasingly interconnected world.
Principles of Bioethics as Unconventional Sources of Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Latyntsev A. V.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the intensive development and spread of biotechnology, there has been more and more discussion about the need to define and apply the principles of bioethics to regulate various legal relations, including the relations that go beyond traditional areas, such as supervision and control of biological research. The provisions of Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation prohibit patenting and state registration of the results of intellectual activity contradicting public interests; the principles of humanity and morality deserve special attention. However, these principles are not defined in the legislation. Moreover, a unique legal structure is emerging when soft law and voluntary rules can become a source of prohibitive measures, in particular, deprivation of the right to obtain a patent. In the development of the point of view of A. A. Mokhov and Yu. D. Sergeev regarding the need to consider the principles of bioethics as non-traditional sources of medical law, the author proposed to take into account these principles as non-traditional sources of civil law, in particular intellectual property law. The establishment of exceptions to the objects of patent rights in the context of a weak relationship between patent legal relations and prohibitions applied to certain types of activities need to be discussed separately. It has been proven, that the restrictions on patentability provided for in Part 4 of Article 1349 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation are intended to become an additional obstacle to the use of civil law in violation of the foundations of morality, health, rights and interests of other persons. At the same time, the conclusion is justified that exceptions to the objects of patent rights in patent legislation cannot and should not replace the norms of specific legislation devoted to the regulation of prohibitions of certain types of activities and prohibitions of manipulations with certain objects.
Axiology of Criminal Law as a Method of Rational Criminalization
Authors: Antonchenko V. V.
Published: January 2025

The criminalization of acts that the legislator considers criminal is the core procedure that forms criminal legislation and the foundation of the state’s criminal law policy. The generally accepted basis for criminalization is the recognition of an act as socially dangerous. Thus, today the process of criminalization has an attribute of a vicious circle in definition (Latin: circulus in definiendo). This is a situation in which the definition of a phenomenon includes the properties of the phenomenon itself: the basis for criminalization, that is, the recognition of an act as a crime, is the recognition of the act as criminal. The paralogism at the basis of the legal structure determines its inconsistency. The purpose of the paper is to identify the role of the value approach in the process of criminalization of acts. The author proposes to link the basis of criminalization with the most important (universal) values, life benefits and interests that require special protection by the state. Rationalization of criminalization requires improvement of ideas about the object of crime, which is in many ways identical to the protected (and violated) interest and good. The process of endowing acts with the characteristics of criminality and illegality must be based on the recognition of the fundamental place of universal human values, and criminal law should direct the full weight of its protective measures towards their protection.
Problems of Ensuring Inter‑Industry Terminological Uniformity in Determining the Legal Regime of Confiscation
Authors: Goncharova V. A.
Published: January 2025

The rapid complication of social relations regulated by law and the resulting convergence of private and public legal branches have become prerequisites for the formation of complex legal entities within the framework of domestic legislation. The latter should include confiscation, which is equally subject to regulation by both civil law as a basis for terminating property rights, and criminal law as another measure of a criminal legal nature that resolves the tasks of the criminal policy of the Russian Federation. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the provisions of Chapter 15.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, regulating the legal regime of confiscation, from the point of view of their compliance with civilistic terminology and civil legislation in general, clearly demonstrates the absolute failure of the legislator to achieve the necessary level of inter-branch unity in the legal regulation of this coercive measure. This circumstance is the cause of significant problems in ensuring the balance of private and public interests when assigning and executing confiscation as another measure of a criminal law nature.
Formation of an Institution of Supranational Commercial Arbitration for the Consideration of Disputes based on Applications from Economic Entities within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Bronyakina E. O.
Published: January 2025

The study is devoted to an analysis of a number of problems arising from the non-governmental nature of the institution of international commercial arbitration in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author believes that one of the strategic directions of EAEU development until 2025, namely the development of an initiative to create within the EAEU an international arbitration for the consideration of economic disputes based on applications from business entities, contributes to the doctrinal rethinking of the essence of the institution of international commercial arbitration. The author concludes that in the context of deepening Eurasian integration, the concept of «international» in the context of commercial arbitration is gradually acquiring a new meaning — «supranational». The supranational significance of international commercial arbitration, as the author notes, will simplify the mechanism for the recognition and enforcement of arbitration decisions by courts of national jurisdiction of the EAEU member states. This is due to the fact that the supranational significance of the arbitration decisions adopted by commercial arbitration will ensure a completely different system of guarantees for the enforcement of arbitration decisions as a supranational body of the EAEU due to the direct and immediate effect of arbitration decisions throughout the territory of the EAEU member states.
Complication of COVID-19: Mild Encephalopathy Syndrome with Reversible Splenial Lesion
Authors: Matveeva Tatiana V. , Gaifutdinov Rustem T. , Kamalova Dinara S. , Fasakhova Gulnaz A.
Published: January 2025

A syndrome of mild encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) was described in a post-COVID-19 male patient. The clinical manifestations included neuropsychiatric and visual abnormalities; when focusing separately on an object (one eye closed), the left eye perceived it as normal, but the right eye perceived it as multiple images moving diagonally into the distance. T2, FLAIR, and ADC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a splenial lesion that resolved rapidly without using corticosteroids. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral polyopia because he saw images arranged in ordered rows after focusing on an object. Differential diagnoses included astigmatism, palinopsia, and polyopic visual hallucinations. Monocular polyopia is explained by anomia associated with the patient's partial split-brain syndrome (the splenial lesion, neuropsychiatric abnormalities); involvement of the pathways from the frontal eye fields to the brainstem structures responsible for initiating extraocular eye movements. The association of neurological complications with prior COVID-19, rapid resolution of symptoms, and MRI lesions without initiating immunosuppressive therapy suggested endotheliopathy as the cause of COVID-19 complications.
Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Infection: A Glimpse of the Past and a Look at the Future
Authors: Palestro Christopher , Love Charito , Bhargava Kuldeep
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in our understanding of microorganisms and an increased availability of antimicrobial therapy, infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis is not always clearcut and imaging studies often are used for confirmation and localization. For nearly sixty years, molecular imaging has played a significant role in the diagnosis of infection. Bone scintigraphy, for musculoskeletal infections, and gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy were the first molecular imaging agents used for diagnosing and localizing infection. There are significant drawbacks to both tests. Bone scintigraphy, though sensitive, lacks specificity, and its role is limited to that of a screening test. Poor imaging characteristics, together with lack of specificity, the 48-72 hour interval between administration and imaging, and limited availability, are significant disadvantages to 67Ga. Presently 67Ga is used primarily for differentiating acute tubular necrosis from interstitial nephritis and as an alternative to fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for some indications, i.e. sarcoid, spondylodiscitis, and fever of unknown origin, when this agent is not available. The development of a technique to radiolabel leukocytes in vitro and image their accumulation in infection was a watershed event in molecular imaging of infection. In-vitro labeled autologous leukocyte imaging replaced 67Ga as the molecular imaging test of choice for most infections in immunocompetent individuals and, nearly forty years after its approval in the United States, remains a valuable diagnostic test. Although developed for tumor imaging, 18F-FDG also accumulates in infection and inflammation. Over the past twenty-five years 18F-FDG has established itself as a valuable imaging agent for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular infections and as the molecular imaging agent of choice for fever of unknown origin, sarcoid, tuberculosis and spondylodiscitis and has shown promise for monitoring treatment response. Despite their utility, the uptake of these agents depends on the host response to infection, not infection itself. These agents are not infection specific, and investigators have, for many years, sought to develop infection specific agents. Initial attempts such as radiolabeled antibiotics and vitamins met with limited success. More recent investigations with radiolabeled nucleoside analogs, peptides, sugars, and amino acids, are encouraging and hold great promise for the future.
Inflammation-Associated Extramedullary Disease Progression Following Tisagenlecleucel in a Pediatric Patient with B-ALL: A Case Report
Authors: Rahrig April , Harrison Jessica , Woodburn Stayce , Czader Magdalena , Hopper Audrey , Skiles Jodi
Published: January 2025

Background: Tisagenlecleucel is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy approved for the treatment of pediatric and young adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that is refractory or in second or later relapse (r/r). Although tisagenlecleucel has proven efficacy and a manageable safety profile, pseudoprogression and eventual disease progression at extramedullary sites following tisagenlecleucel infusion have been reported. Depending on the site of extramedullary disease, inflammation around the extramedullary sites and/or progression may not be clinically tolerated in some patients.

Case Report: Herein we describe a 10-year-old female patient with r/r B-ALL following multiple lines of therapy. The patient was treated with tisagenlecleucel and subsequently developed pseudoprogression at extramedullary disease sites. Post infusion the patient experienced progressive swelling at extramedullary disease sites including intracranial, periorbital, scalp, retroperitoneal, intra-abdominal, and gingival lesions. A variety of anti-inflammatory agents were utilized to manage swelling, including tocilizumab, siltuximab, and corticosteroids. Although tocilizumab at first resulted in a rapid decrease in the size of visible subcutaneous scalp lesions, each subsequent dose was found to be progressively less effective, causing the patient to suffer due to the location and extent of enlarged extramedullary lesions. After continued growth of the lesions, biopsy revealed areas of necrotic inflammation as well as areas of continued leukemia involvement concerning for refractory disease. Ultimately, this patient died of complications of worsening leukemic progression at extramedullary sites.

Conclusion: Although tocilizumab is effective for the treatment of adverse events associated with CAR-T cell therapy, this case highlights unmet needs related to the identification and treatment of patients who will develop pseudoprogression, and potentially disease progression, at extramedullary sites post tisagenlecleucel infusion.
A REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF LONG COVID
Authors: Chowdhury Soheli , Chowdhury Majeedul
Published: January 2025

Long COVID is a condition that emerges following SARS-CoV-2 infection and persists for at least three months, with recurrent symptoms of varying intensity. Approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients do not experience full recovery from the initial infection. Women and individuals who experienced severe COVID-19 are at a higher risk of developing Long COVID, as are certain ethnic groups and adults aged 50–59, who show higher prevalence rates. Initially, the virus replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract, where there is high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2. As infection progresses, it can spread to other organs. Many Long COVID symptoms appear to result from an overactive immune response rather than direct viral effects on tissues. Some studies suggest that dormant viruses may become reactivated, potentially contributing to increased autoantibody levels and worsening disease severity. Proposed mechanisms in Long COVID pathophysiology include dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism, prion involvement, amyloid formation, and genetic factors. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the characteristics of long COVID, drawing on an analysis of available online literature.
Challenges and Opportunities in Systemic Biomarkers for Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Torres Rogil , Luchini Andrea , Siviero Mariana , Torres Mebaliah , Ferreira Ana
Published: January 2025

Blood biomarkers have been widely used in medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment follow-up of many diseases. Age-related macular degeneration, the main cause of irreversible blindness in old age, does not benefit from these important indicators. In recent decades, technological advances have given us optical coherence tomography. Until a few years ago, this exam was used for the diagnosis, and treatment evaluation of age-related macular degeneration. Currently, as part of multimodal fundus imaging, it has also been used in the prognosis of age-related macular degeneration. However, these exams are still not capable of predicting when individuals may trigger the degenerative macular disease, and consequently adopt preventive measures, such as changes in lifestyle and consumption of antioxidants. In this regard, this article aims to address the various blood biomarkers that may be useful in the early investigation of age-related macular degeneration, even before the appearance of drusen and retinal pigment epithelium changes in the macular region, the first ophthalmoscopic manifestations of age-related macular degeneration. Among these biomarkers analyzed, the blood count, lipid profile, some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the main inflammatory biomarkers, stand out.
Efficiency of the Relink C strategy: identification and retrieval of chronic HCV patients full and partial diagnosed but unlinked to care
Authors: Hernández Raquel , Aguilera Victoria , Grande Rocío , Pena María-José , Bono Ariadna , Granados Rafael , Pérez Miguel , Serrano Miriam , Cantero Helena , Adalid Cristina , Sainz María , Cámac Nataly , Hernández Domínguez
Published: January 2025

Background: The existence of patients with Hepatitis C virus who were diagnosed but unlinked to care (DBUC) hinders the Hepatitis C elimination. The objectives were to present the results of the ReLink-C strategy in three Spanish hospitals and analyse its efficiency for both patients with positive viral load testing (full diagnosis) and with HCV antibodies, but without positive viral load testing (partial diagnosis); and partial diagnosis only.

Methods: The strategy was divided in two phases: Phase I, DBUC patients with complete or partial diagnosis without follow-up from Microbiology unit were searched and identified; and Phase II, missing patients were contacted by telephone and referred to Hepatology for further treatment. In addition, the characteristics (age, gender, country of origin and fibrosis status) of the lost and treated patients were collected.

Results: The three hospitals identified 3,444 patients to search for retrieval, 1,538 (45%) with full diagnosis and 1,906 (55%) partial diagnosis. Overall, about 35% (1,221/3,444) were DBUC and the ReLink-C strategy successfully localised 903 patients, of which 493 patients were linkage to care and 273 were treated. The ReLink-C strategy (full and partial diagnosis) compared to no intervention showed a reduction in liver and mortality complications (range 22-29%) with an incremental cost-utility ratio of €8,958/patient, and in case of partial diagnosis of €9,396/patient.

Conclusions: The Relink-C active search strategy enabled the retrieval and treatment of a significant number of diagnosed hepatitis C cases that would not have been detected in clinical practice. It was cost-effective for both (full and partial diagnosis) and partial diagnosis only, being in line with the 2030 hepatitis C elimination targets.
Medical Ultrasound Imaging: Ultrafast Beamforming Algorithms for Real-Time and High-Quality Imaging
Authors: SG Sreejeesh , R Sakthivel , Kidav Jayaraj
Published: January 2025

Medical ultrasound imaging is a prevalent diagnostic instrument in the field of medicine. Beamforming is a signal processing methodology employed to improve the efficacy of imaging systems, especially in medical ultrasound imaging. Ultrafast (UF) beamforming algorithms (BAs) are designed to improve the speed and efficiency of beamforming operations. Ultrasound imaging algorithms have been devised to enhance the quality and efficiency of ultrasound imaging. This article will provide an overview of the research on UF medical ultrasound algorithms. We will also explore some recent developments in the field of UF beamforming algorithms.

This article discusses the development and implementation of UF-BAs for medical ultrasound imaging. Traditional beamforming techniques are computationally intensive and limit the real-time imaging capability of ultrasound systems. The algorithms discussed in the article leverage modern parallel computing architectures to reduce processing time while maintaining image quality significantly. The article presents a detailed analysis of the algorithm's performance in processing time and image quality using simulated and accurate data. The article discusses how various UF-BAs can provide real-time high-quality images facilitating novel uses in medical ultrasound imaging. The prospective advantages of these algorithms for clinical use and future research trajectories are investigated as well.
Surgical and visual outcomes of small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole associated with type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia
Authors: Cunningham Matthew , Mavrofrides Elias , Mavrofrides Luke , Schofield Emily
Published: January 2025

Objective: To examine the clinical features and outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (MH) in patients with type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel).

Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series of consecutive patients with MacTel type 2 who underwent surgical repair of full thickness macular holes from January 2015 to January 2021 at a busy vitreoretinal surgery practice. The rate of macular hole closure, and visual outcome following repair were evaluated.

Results: Eight eyes of MacTel patients with full thickness macular holes were identified; however, 4 of these eyes did not meet inclusion criteria (i.e. no surgical intervention, or inadequate follow up after surgical intervention). Macular hole closure was achieved in 100% of eyes, with one eye requiring multiple surgeries to obtain closure. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.775 logMAR units (20/119 Snellen Equivalent) and improved to 0.725 logMAR units (20/106 Snellen Equivalent, Wilcoxon test, p=0.854), at the last known follow-up after macular hole repair. Overall, 50% patients had improvement in visual acuity at the final postoperative visit. There were no cases of postoperative retinal tears, breaks, or endophthalmitis.

Conclusions: Macular hole formation in patients with Macular telangiectasia type 2 is rare. Macular hole closure was eventually achieved in 100% of eyes. Although favorable anatomic results can be obtained with vitrectomy surgery, the postoperative visual gains are variable.
Innovative Approaches to Non-Metastatic Anal Cancer: Bridging Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Ferreira Artur , Donadio Mauro , Peixoto Renata , Saragiotto Daniel , Jácome Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Anal cancer, although rare, has seen an increasing incidence and mortality, primarily due to high-risk sexual behaviors, HIV, and low HPV vaccination coverage. This review examines current treatment strategies for non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, with a focus on chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and emerging therapies. The historical and scientific basis for chemoradiation therapy using 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C (MMC) is discussed as the standard treatment, although alternatives such as cisplatin and capecitabine show promise, particularly in settings where MMC is unavailable or when access to infusion pumps is restricted. Negative data regarding treatment intensification, induction or maintenance chemotherapy, and combinations with targeted therapies that have not demonstrated significant benefits are also reviewed. Ongoing research on immune checkpoint inhibitors presents new opportunities to improve patient outcomes. Surgical interventions may be recommended for very early disease but are usually reserved for cases of recurrence or failure after CRT. Despite challenges related to immunization efforts and high-risk behaviors, advancements in CRT and the development of novel therapies offer hope for improved outcomes with reduced toxicity.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Women with Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Čebatariūnienė Alina , Rasekhi Niyosha
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of premature death in women globally, spurring the adoption of comprehensive treatment approaches. Despite therapeutic progress, significant challenges persist for patients, especially those with advanced breast cancer prone to bone metastases. Bisphosphonates and Denosumab are key bone-modifying agents used to target bone metabolism, reduce metastatic risk, and enhance adjuvant therapy efficacy in early-stage breast cancer. However, using these agents carries risks, including adverse events such as osteonecrosis of the jaw. Due to the impact of these drugs on the jaw bone, this condition is now known as Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The aim is to provide a comprehensive investigation into MRONJ in the context of breast cancer treatment, with a specific focus on the effects of antiresorptive drugs such as Bisphosphonates and Denosumab. The objective of this article is to review clinical and radiographic manifestations, evaluate the pathophysiology, determine risk factors and incidence and provide guidelines to healthcare professionals for the management and treatment of MRONJ.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a condition that occurs in breast cancer patients due to various risk factors. The treatment of MRONJ depends on the different stages of the condition. Recent research suggests that optimal management of patients prone to MRONJ necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, and the dentist is one of the team members who play a crucial role in patient care by assessing modifiable risk factors, establishing follow-up protocols, and maintaining open communication with oncologists. Preventive measures should be implemented before and during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. However, despite increased awareness, many doctors and dentists still have a limited understanding of MRONJ. Therefore, this research provides practical guidelines for preventing, managing, and treating MRONJ in breast cancer patients based on currently available literature. Dentists should follow specific protocols for patients undergoing antiresorptive therapy. The primary goals are to prevent MRONJ and maintain patients' quality of life. Therefore, dental students and specialists must stay updated and consider this side effect.
Description and Demonstration of a Novel Technique Utilizing a Modified Quigley Maneuver for Reduction of Lisfranc Injury and Midfoot Dislocations
Authors: Foote Gregory , Bala Vikram , Arzumand Maliha
Published: January 2025

The Lisfranc ligament joint complex is comprised of the base of the second metatarsal, the lateral facet of the medial cuneiform, the first and second tarsometatarsal joints, as well as the ligaments spanning the joint. Lisfranc injuries have been reported as one of the most commonly misdiagnosed foot injuries in both the emergency and outpatient settings. These injuries tend to involve the ligamentous structures but can also be associated with fracture and/or dislocation. The mechanism of injury can be both high and low energy. The lower energy mechanism of Lisfranc injury is commonly a result of the foot dynamic twisting or abduction, creating excessive stress on the ligaments and bones of the midfoot. When displaced, potential injury or impingement on neurovascular structures may warrant an immediate closed reduction, as it is important to achieve near anatomic alignment to prevent skin necrosis or neurovascular complications.

This manuscript presents the novel use of a widely accepted distraction technique used for ankle fracture reduction, modified to allow the reduction of midfoot joint dislocations. Utilizing a gauze roll and an IV pole, both of which are readily available in the clinical and emergency department setting, this technique has proven successful in clinical practice without resultant complications. A gauze roll is affixed to the first and second digit to provide axial traction at the second metatarsal. The free ends are then attached to a point of stability and the foot is placed in gravity-assisted traction. A reduction of the Lisfranc dislocation is then obtained by traction of the second metatarsal via an indirect focus at the central point of instability within the midfoot. This injury can then be immediately splinted in this reduced position to provide stability until operative fixation can be achieved.

The use of the modified Quigley maneuver is highly efficient in reducing displaced Lisfranc injuries and midfoot dislocations. With simple modifications of the previously described technique, near-anatomic reduction of midfoot dislocations can be achieved without the need for more invasive techniques currently described in literature. This technique provides the practitioner with an additional tool to safely stabilize this inherently unstable injury until more appropriate intervention can be performed.
Covid-19 vaccinations, self-reported health, and worldviews – A representative survey from Germany
Authors: Walach Harald , Klement Rainer
Published: January 2025

The novel modRNA vaccinations against Covid-19 were hailed as an immense progress, but indications for severe side effects were noted. We wanted to know to what extent people report having had diseases during the last two years that are associated with Covid-19 vaccinations, and whether there is a difference between those vaccinated and those without vaccinations. We also wanted to know whether the willingness to be vaccinated is associated with particular worldviews.

We therefore conducted a representative internet survey, organized by Debaro GmbH, Munich, a professional survey company. The final sample was prepared to yield an approximately representative sample of the German population. Altogether 1051 responses were analyzed. Vaccinated persons reported significantly more events that required the visit of a doctor (42% versus 30%, p = 0.0024), more Covid-19 infections (30% vs. 23%, p = 0.0535) and more musculoskeletal problems (21% vs. 15%, p = 0.059). Vaccinated respondents reported significantly more diseases overall (mean 1.6±1.6 vs. 1.3±1.4; p = 0.0023). We analyzed the likelihood to be vaccinated by a logistic regression model. The vaccinated were more likely to be older, have German nationality, to have higher income, to live alone, to have been taking more medications and to know someone who died of Covid-19 but no one who might have died after Covid-19 vaccination. Further, a materialist worldview was positively associated with the probability of getting vaccinated, while the belief that there are other realms of reality more important than everyday reality and that these realms are beyond any scientific explanation was negatively related. In addition, the belief that mRNA vaccinations help humankind was a highly significant predictor of the probability to be vaccinated. Finally, a propensity score analysis accounting for sociodemographic variables and pre-vaccination health status confirmed that Covid-19 occurred more frequently in vaccinated individuals (31% vs. 23%, p=0.103). Again, the belief that mRNA-based vaccines are beneficial to humanity was significantly more present among the propensity-score matched vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated group (agreed/disagreed/uncertain: 34.6%/30.8%/34.6% versus 22.9%/45.2%/31.9%, p=0.0075).

This self-report survey supports the view that the Covid-19 vaccinations have produced some side-effects that need to be further investigated, preferably by hard data from insurance companies or similar organizations.
The role of genome composition and activation in shaping the translocation landscape in health and disease
Authors: Oncins Anna , Velten Jessica , Beekman Renée
Published: January 2025

Translocations are rearrangements produced upon erroneous repair of double-strand breaks, fusing segments of non-homologous chromosomes. These events can cause chimeric protein expression and other transcriptional alterations, eventually driving oncogenic transformation. Despite their significance, the factors shaping the heterogeneous translocation landscape in healthy individuals and cancer patients remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on genomic content and activation as two fundamental factors associated with translocation formation and selection. While emphasizing the critical role of double-strand breaks and interchromosomal contacts in translocation formation, we discuss that selective advantage is likely the main driver shaping translocation landscapes in health and disease. Finally, we address that it remains difficult to disentangle the effect of translocation formation from the influence of selective pressure, and point out that unraveling their separate contribution in future studies will be key to better understand early tumorigenesis.
Factors affecting rice domestic production output in Preah Vihear province, Cambodia: A study using OLS regression model
Authors: Darith Siek , Eav Lim Kim , Ngath Sophorn , Sourphimean Siek , Sourchhordaphear Siek
Published: January 2025

This study explores the attitudes of domestic farmers toward rice production practices and identifies factors affecting rice yields in Preah Vihear Province. Cambodia's economy is heavily reliant on rice cultivation. Rice is a staple food and a major export, significantly contributing to the nation's food security. However, rice production in the entire country faces challenges such as limited irrigation, small farm sizes, and geographical constraints. Preah Vihear province, a remote, mountainous area in northern Cambodia bordering Thailand and Laos, is a key rice-producing region characterized by hilly terrain and small-scale farming. Known for its stunning natural beauty and the famous Preah Vihear Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site, the province offers unique opportunities for farmers to increase their income and gain access to international markets through distinctive and renowned rice seeds. To better understand factors affecting rice domestic production in Preah Vihear, a primary statistical ordinary least squares (OLS) model will be applied to analyze rice output and related variables. The findings of this study are instrumental in developing targeted strategies that aim to enhance rice yields and improve the livelihoods of rural farmers. By identifying key controllable factors, farmers can make informed decisions to increase their profits, ensure sustainable rice production, and contribute to the overall economic growth of farming communities.
Evaluation of performance and yield of modern wheat cultivars through foliar nutrition strategies for sustainable agricultural development
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Uddin Md Mejbah , Hoque Md Aminul , Monira Most Serajam
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the evaluation of performance and yield of modern wheat cultivars through foliar nutrition strategies for sustainable agricultural development. The research. This research, conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 at the University of Rajshahi, evaluated the impact of reduced fertilizer through foliar feeding on two advanced wheat cultivars using a randomized complete block design with five treatments: T1 (control), T2 (1500 ml liquid fertilizer per hectare), T3 (2500 ml liquid fertilizer per hectare), T4 (1500 ml liquid fertilizer with 2.5 kg urea per hectare as spray), and T5 (1500 ml liquid fertilizer with 2.5 kg urea and 1.5 kg muriate of potash per hectare as spray). The study found that the highest plant height (97.86 cm), chlorophyll content (48.20 mg m-2), and yield attributes, including plant height (99.36 cm), total tillers per plant (8.057), productive tillers per plant (5.000), productive spikelets per spike (18.610), spike length (15.777 cm), 1000 grain yield (41.183 g), grain yield (3.247 t ha-1), straw yield (7.738 t ha-1), biological yield (10.985 t ha-1), and harvest index (29.558%), were achieved with T5. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of modern wheat varieties under reduced fertilizer conditions, highlighting the potential for sustainable wheat fertilizer management, particularly under drought conditions.
Analyzing the determinants and challenges for transitioning conventional farmers towards agroecological practices in the centre region of Cameroon
Authors: Alphonse Tiamgne Yanick , Garba Hamamata Hawa , Nformi Manu Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

This research examined the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents and sheds light on the farmers’ perceptions of agroecological practices and their transition. Agroecology is a sustainable development perspective for our rural communities. This study assessed the determinants and challenges for transitioning farmers from conventional agricultural practices to agroecological practices, focusing on farmers in the Centre region of Cameroon. The probability sampling method was employed to establish a representative study sample. By utilizing descriptive statistical analyses, frequencies observed among adopters and non-adopters were compared from the study. Key findings revealed significant socio-economic and demographic disparities between adopters and non-adopters. Gender, education level, farm size, and access to credit were identified as critical determinants of adoption. Men adopted agroecological practices (77%) more than women (23%). Adopters had higher levels of secondary (63%) and tertiary education (26%) compared to non-adopters. In addition, adopters had a large farm size (8.4 ha) compared to non-adopters (5 ha), and a higher percentage of adopters (40%) had access to credit facilities. This study highlighted varied perceptions among respondents, with risk aversion being a significant barrier to adoption. The study identified ignorance, financial constraint, and a lack of technical knowledge as major obstacles to widespread adoption. The study emphasized the substantial knowledge gap between adopters and non-adopters and highlighted the need for targeted interventions to address the challenges facing the widespread adoption of agroecological practices.
Quality evaluation, consumer acceptability, and cost-benefit analysis of mango-plus beverage
Authors: Olufemi Owolade Samuel , Ruth Aderibigbe Olaide , Oluwakemi Mustapha Balikis , Olufemi Ademoyegun Temitope , Bosede Adeoye Iyabo
Published: January 2025

This study aims to produce a mango-plus beverage from a blend of mango and pineapple fruits and its market prospects determined. Mango and pineapple were processed into beverages at different ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) and coded as FKJ, WTC, PMG, and QTC, respectively. Parameters that include proximate, TSS, pH, vitamin C, total phenol, sensory characteristics, microbial load, and cost-benefit analysis were determined. Findings show significant differences existed among the sample's parameters at p<0.05. Sample QTC, which was a mango-pineapple blend (1:3), gave the highest ash content (1.64%), which was higher than FKJ (1.00%), WTC (1.43%), and PMG (1.46%). Similarly, QTC has the highest energy (54.27 kcal/100 mL), significantly higher than sample FKJ (30.95 kcal/100 mL), WTC (44.03 kcal/100 mL), and PMG (50.53 kcal/100 mL) at p<0.05. Vitamin C for samples was between 12.15 mg/100 mL and 13.33 mg/100 mL; total phenol was between 204.44 mg/100 mL and 249.50 mg/100 mL; and antioxidant activity ranged between 50.11 mg/100 mL and 60.68 mg/100 mL, respectively. QTC has the highest vitamin C concentration (13.33 mg/mL), significantly higher (p<0.05) than other samples. Additionally, QTC (1:3) has the highest phenol (249.50 mg/100 mL), significantly higher than FKJ (204.44 mg/100 mL), WTC (224.22 mg/100 mL), and PMG (244.22mg/100mL). The microbial loads (cfu/100 mL) were within an acceptable range, indicating their suitability for human consumption during the evaluation period. Cost-benefit analysis suggested prospects for favourable returns. The practical implication of the study is that mango-pineapple at a ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 has good market prospects.
Surgical Never Events: A retrospective study in Iranian Hospitals
Authors: Dadashi Mojgan , Sheikh-sofla Afsaneh , Dastranj Somayeh , Allameh Seyed-Farshad , Soltani-Kermanshahi Mojtaba , Zolfaghari-Boora Nazila
Published: January 2025

Background: A never event is an unintentional injury or complication that increases the length of hospital stay, disability at the time of discharge, or death due to improper health care management. Adverse events are potentially preventable in terms of patient injury, increasing the length of hospital stay, and increasing health care costs. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to investigate the factors related to adverse surgical events in Iranian hospitals in 2020.
Methods: This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) was conducted to determine the factors associated with adverse events related to surgery in Iranian hospitals. All reports entered in the unwanted events registration system related to codes 1, 2, 3, and 4 of unwanted surgical events from March 2018 to March 2021 were included in the study.
Results: The results showed that the rate of surgical never events in Iranian hospitals is about 0.006%. The highest incidence of unwanted surgical events was in error code 4 (leaving any device including gauze, scissors, pliers, etc., in the patient’s body) with 63.7%, and the lowest incidence of adverse surgical events was in error code 2 (performing surgery incorrectly on another patient) at 4%.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that the rate of unwanted surgical events in Iranian hospitals is lower than the global average. Lack of a precise framework for job descriptions and responsibilities, failure to use instructions, and lack of decision support systems are all factors in the occurrence of adverse surgical events.
My First Two Rhinoplasty Surgeries as Main Operator: Personal Experience and Considerations by a 2nd Year Plastic Surgery Resident
Authors: Costanzo Domenico , Cecchi Fabrizio , Raposio Edoardo
Published: January 2025

In the present paper, my first two rhinoplasty cases performed as a second-year plastic surgery resident will be presented. The morpho-functional analysis of the patients’ noses, the operative procedures, and the results will be described, highlighting the technical and organizational difficulties encountered and the strengths/safety points. The goal is to help young colleagues like me become acquainted with this complex surgery, characterizing possible initial obstacles and areas for improvement.
Implementation of Home Medication Review in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Pilot Study in Indonesia
Authors: Silviana Mega , Ningrum Vitarani Dwi Ananda , Mafruhah Okti Ratna
Published: January 2025

Background: The high prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is a concern for pharmacists. Pharmacists are expected to participate in these efforts by implementing Home Medication Review (HMR). HMR is a community-based collaborative service outside of health facilities that involves physicians and pharmacists to improve the effectiveness of therapy. This study aimed to determine the incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs), the level of patient satisfaction, and the effect of improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases who received Home Medication Review services at the Banjarbaru Utara Primary Health Care.    
Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a single group pre-test and post-test design. Data were obtained prospectively, from January to May 2024. DRPs were measured by the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) form. Patient satisfaction was measured using the five-dimensional service quality questionnaire. Quality of life was measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire with the EQ-5D-5L Index and EQ Visual Analog Scale (VAS) parameters.  
Results: The study showed that DRPs in patients with chronic diseases before undergoing HMR were 92.50%. Patient satisfaction with HMR services reached 91.33%. Quality of life in chronic disease patients increased, based on the EQ-5D-5L Index, from 0.802 + 0.199 before to 0.854 + 0.189 after HMR (p-value 0.002), and based on the EQ VAS from 72.25 + 12.80 before to 78.12 + 14.19 after HMR (p-value 0.001).     
Conclusion: This study concludes that HMR services can identify DRPs, and improve satisfaction, knowledge, and quality of life of patients with chronic disease.
Is There a Substantive Association between Turner Syndrome and Beta Thalassemia Major?
Authors: Neamatzadeh Hossein , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Bahrami Reza
Published: January 2025

The Article Abstract is not available.