bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La métrica de Andrés Bello
Authors: Torre Esteban
Published: January 2019

El 15 de octubre de 2015 se cumplen 150 años de la muerte de Andrés Bello. En este trabajo –homenaje a la obra del ilustre filólogo venezolano– se estudia su original doctrina sobre la cantidad silábica, así como su concepción del verso como unidad rítmica, delimitada por la pausa final. Se lleva a cabo un detenido análisis comparativo con las ideas métricas de diversos autores de los siglos XIX y XX, partiendo de los precedentes de los siglos XV-XVIII.October 15th, 2015, marks the 150th anniversary of the death of Andrés Bello. In this tribute study of the work of the prestigious Venezuelan philologist, his individualistic doctrine on syllabic quantity is analyzed, together with his conception of the verse-line as a rhythmic unit marked off by an end-pause. A close comparative analysis is undertaken with the ideas on meter of a range of nineteenth and twentieth-century authors, while using as a point of departure those who belong to the period spanning the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries.
RESEÑA de: Carandell, Zoraida (ed.): Traduire pour l’oreille. Versions espagnoles de la prose et du théâtre poétiques français (1890-1930). París: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2014.
Authors: Utrera Torremocha María Victoria
Published: January 2019

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Modernismo en la poesía de Manuel Machado: tradición e innovación en el soneto alejandrino
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Nora
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se estudia la renovación modernista que Manuel Machado desarrolla en su poética, especialmente el soneto alejandrino. En este sentido, se van a analizar las distintas innovaciones modernistas que el autor introduce en su poesía: las dislocaciones acentuales que dan ligereza y dinamismo al ritmo, la presencia o ausencia de palabras agudas o esdrújulas al final de hemistiquio que afectan al cómputo silábico, los encabalgamientos, la rima y los juegos fónicos, que buscan una poesía más expresiva y sugerente.This piece of work studies the modernist renewal developed by Manuel Machado in his poetry, especially the alexandrian sonnet. In this sense, it analyzes the different modernist innovations which the author introduces in his poetry: the accentual dislocations that give lightness and dynamism to the rhythm, the presence or absence of acute or esdrujula words at the end of hemistich affecting the syllabic computation, the syllable cross-overs, the rhyme and the phonics games, that seek a more expressive and evocative poetry.
El encabalgamiento intertextual
Authors: Martínez José Enrique
Published: January 2019

Entre las diferentes maneras de incorporar a la voz propia las voces ajenas está el uso de un encabalgamiento que, consagrado por la tradición, se enmarca en contextos distintos a los originales, con nuevas funciones que un lector cualificado ha de descubrir e interpretar. En este trabajo se describen e interpretan cuatro casos concretos en los que el encabalgamiento, literal o reelaborado, remite a usos anteriores.Among the various ways to incorporate to one´s voice the voices of others is by means of enjambment. This consecrated traditional technique is framed in contexts different to those of the original ones and the new meanings should be discovered and deciphered by a qualified reader. This article develops the analysis of four specific cases in which enjambment, either literal or reelaborated, refers to previous uses.
El soneto modernista (Manuel Machado como paradigma)
Authors: Romero Luque Manuel
Published: January 2019

El soneto es una forma métrica privilegiada, hasta el punto de traspasar los límites de su consideración como estrofa y adentrarse en los del género literario. Desde su nacimiento en el medievo siciliano, el soneto se extendió por toda la literatura occidental con notable éxito y no ha dejado de cultivarse hasta hoy. Una razón de esta pervivencia ha sido, sin duda, su capacidad para adaptarse a las distintas épocas y modos estéticos. En el caso de las letras hispánicas, un momento clave fue la llegada del modernismo y la implantación de un nuevo credo poético. La corriente venía de América y fue Rubén Darío su principal valedor; pero rápidamente el ámbito peninsular acogió con satisfacción sus novedades. Manuel Machado ha sido un claro exponente de la materialización de aquellas transformaciones: la alteración de su estructura (aun conservando su carácter de obra perfectamente trabada), la diversidad de metros empleada, el enriquecimiento de sus rimas o la asimilación de variedades ajenas a la tradición en lengua española.The sonnet is a privileged metrical form, it even runs through the limits of its consideration as a stanza to go into the ones of a literary genre. Since it was born in the Sicilian Medieval period, the sonnet spread over all the western literature with a remarkable success and it has never stopped of being practised since then. A reason for that, without a doubt, it has been its capacity of conforming to the diff erent ages and aesthetic patterns. In the case of Hispanic writings, a key moment was the appearance of Hispanic American modernism and the implementation of a new poetical creed. This literary trend came from America and Ruben Dario was its main defender, but it was easily accepted in Spain despite its novelties. Manuel Machado has been a clear example of how those transformations became real: the alteration of its structure (although the stanza conserved its character or work perfectly ensembled), the diversity of verses, the prosperity of its rhymes or the assimilation of varieties from out of the Spanish language’s tradition.
RESEÑA de: Gómez Redondo, Fernando (coord.): Historia de la métrica medieval castellana. San Millán de la Cogolla: Cilengua, 2016
Authors: Frau Juan
Published: January 2019

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RESEÑA de: Torre, Esteban: Zeuxis y azeuxis y otras cuestiones métricas. Sevilla: Rhythmica. Revista española de métrica comparada. Anejo V, 2017
Authors: Utrera Torremocha María Victoria
Published: January 2019

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JOSÉ DOMÍNGUEZ CAPARRÓS: Métrica de Cervantes. Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, Alcalá de Henares, 2002.
Authors: Frau Juan
Published: January 2019

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MARÍA VICTORIA UTRERA TORREMOCHA: Historia y teoría del verso libre. Padilla Editores & Libreros, SEVILLA, 2001.
Authors: Domínguez Caparrós José
Published: January 2019

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Blas de Otero: métrica y poética
Authors: Frau Juan
Published: January 2019

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ARMONÍA Y RITMO EN ANTONIO COLINAS: AJUSTES MÉTRICOS EN NOCHE MÁS ALLÁ DE LA NOCHE
Authors: Martínez Fernández José Enrique
Published: January 2019

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VERSO AISLADO, VERSO SOLO, VERSO-POEMA
Authors: Pardo Arcadio
Published: January 2019

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TIPOGRAFÍA Y VERSO LIBRE
Authors: Utrera Torremocha María Victoria
Published: January 2019

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CHRISTOPH KÜPER (ED.), Meter, Rhythm and Performance – Metrum, Rhythmus, Performanz. Proceedings of the International Conference on Meter, Rhythm and Performance, held in May 1999 at Vechta, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, 2002 (Linguistik International, 6
Authors: Domínguez Caparrós José
Published: January 2019

CHRISTOPH KÜPER (ED.), Meter, Rhythm and Performance– Metrum, Rhythmus, Performanz. Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Meter, Rhythm and Performance,held in May 1999 at Vechta, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main,2002 (Linguistik International, 6).
The Significance of Coastal Shipping in British Domestic Transport, 1550-1830
Authors: Armstrong John
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the significance of coastal shipping as a method of domestic transport in Britain in the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The aim is to demonstrate the relationship between coastal shipping and road transport in Britain preceding the era of rail transport. It assesses the economic variables of British transport and how they affected coastal shipping, and addresses the imbalance in transport historiography in favour of road transport over coast. It examines tonnage and haul distances through London as provided by a number of secondary sources, including the Musgrave Manuscript. It also discusses cargo, pricing structures, ship longevity, and coastal long-haul advantages across both systems. Disadvantages are then followed by analysis of the various solutions used in future vessels. It concludes by asserting that coastal shipping, rather than road transport, was the pre-eminent form of commodity transport before the coming of rail.
Foreign language classroom anxiety among English for Specific purposes (ESP) students
Authors: Amengual-Pizarro Marian
Published: January 2019

This study aims at exploring the degree of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) towards the learning of English that English for Specific Purposes students report experiencing. The participants in this study were 67 undergraduates at the University of the Balearic Islands enrolled in two university degree programs. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz et al., 1986) was used to collect data. The findings reveal that most students suffered from average to high anxiety levels. Communication apprehension was found to be the main source of participants’ FLA followed by fear of negative evaluation and test anxiety. The data also showed statistically significant differences across students’ university degree programs related to test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. No statistically significant gender differences in FLA levels were observed. Finally, correlation analyses revealed significant negative associations between participants’ self-perceived English proficiency and their FLA levels associated with listening and speaking skills.
‘One does not take sides in these neutral latitudes': Myles na gCopaleen and The Emergency
Authors: Asensio Peral Germán
Published: January 2019

The years of the Second World War (1939-1945), a period known as The Emergency in Ireland, were pivotal for the development of the nation. Immediately after the outburst of the war in the continent, the Fianna Fáil cabinet led by Éamon de Valera declared the state of emergency and adopted a neutrality policy. To ensure this, the government imposed strict censorship control, especially on journalism and the media. The aim of the censorship system was to ensure that war facts were presented as neutrally as possible to avoid any potential retaliation from any of the belligerents. This censorship apparatus, however, affected many intellectuals of the time who felt that their freedom of expression had been restrained even more. One of these dissenting writers was Brian O’Nolan (1911-1966), better known as Flann O’Brien or Myles na gCopaleen. For more than twenty-six years (1940-1966), he wrote a comic and satirical column in The Irish Times entitled Cruiskeen Lawn. In his column, O’Brien commented on varied problems affecting Dublin and Ireland as a whole. One of the many topics he began discussing was precisely Ireland’s neutral position in the war. Therefore, this paper aims at examining Ireland’s neutral position in the war as seen through a selection of columns from Cruiskeen Lawn, devoting special attention to the oppression of censorship and the distracting measures developed by de Valera’s government.
Review of Swirski, Peter. 2015. American Political Fictions: War on Errorism in Contemporary American Literature, Culture, and Politics. US: Palgrave Macmillan. 214 pages. ISBN: 978-1-349-70461-3
Authors: Xiong Lian
Published: January 2019

Review of Swirski, Peter. 2015. American Political Fictions: War on Errorism in Contemporary American Literature, Culture, and Politics. US: Palgrave Macmillan. 214 pages. ISBN: 978-1-349-70461-3
Child task-supported interaction in the Spanish EFL setting. Research and challenges
Authors: García Mayo María del Pilar
Published: January 2019

Task-based language teaching research has expanded substantially in foreign language (FL) contexts but most research studies have been carried out with young adults in university settings, despite the fact that FL programs for children are on the increase worldwide. However, there is a clear lack of research-based evidence of what children actually do while performing tasks, which is crucial in order to make decisions about appropriate educational provision, to inform policy makers, and to maximize children's learning opportunities. This paper focuses on current research on children in task-supported programs both in mainstream English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) contexts. It reviews studies carried out within interactional and sociocultural frameworks and shows how children successfully negotiate to make language meaningful, how they engage with the tasks and how they collaborate in different ways during task performance. Challenges and future research directions will be highlighted.
УРБАНА И РУРАЛНА НАСЕЉА НА ПРОСТОРУ ГРАДА ИСТОЧНО САРАЈЕВО
Authors: Лукић Тановић Мариана , Маринковић Драшко
Published: January 2019

Насеобински систем Града Источно Сарајево карактеришу одређене специфичности, а међу њима сеиздваја и то да простор носи епитет града, а већински је руралан. Чини га 216 насељених места у 6 општина градаса 59916 становника по попису 2013. године. У раду ће се најпре представити неки од критеријума за дефинисањеурбаних и руралних подручја и одредити најбољи критеријум за Град Источно Сарајево, с обзиром на доступнеподатке. Циљ истраживања је да се изврши класификација насељених места града на урбана и рурална.
Cortical modulation of pupillary function: Systematic review
Authors: Peinkhofer Costanza , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Moretti Rita , Kondziella Daniel
Published: January 2019

Background. The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex.

Methodology. We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8808 papers screened, 252 studies were included.

Results. Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g. investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex, the frontal eye field and the prefrontal cortex, and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus.

Conclusions. Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. This phenomenon is controlled by several subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.
Visualization of currents in neural models with similar behavior and different conductance densities
Authors: Alonso Leandro M , Marder Eve
Published: January 2019

Conductance-based models of neural activity produce large amounts of data that can be hard to visualize and interpret. We introduce visualization methods to display the dynamics of the ionic currents and to display the models’ response to perturbations. To visualize the currents’ dynamics, we compute the percent contribution of each current and display them over time using stacked-area plots. The waveform of the membrane potential and the contribution of each current change as the models are perturbed. To represent these changes over a range of the perturbation control parameter, we compute and display the distributions of these waveforms. We illustrate these procedures in six examples of bursting model neurons with similar activity but that differ as much as threefold in their conductance densities. These visualization methods provide heuristic insight into why individual neurons or networks with similar behavior can respond widely differently to perturbations.
Blood parasites in Passeriformes in central Germany: prevalence and lineage diversity of Haemosporida (Haemoproteus,PlasmodiumandLeucocytozoon) in six common songbirds
Authors: Schumm Yvonne R. , Wecker Christine , Marek Carina , Wassmuth Mareike , Bentele Anna , Willems Hermann , Reiner Gerald , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: January 2019

Background

Avian Haemosporida are vector-borne parasites that commonly infect Passeriformes. Molecular analyses revealed a high number of different lineages and lineage specific traits like prevalence and host-specificity, but knowledge of parasite prevalence and lineage diversity in wild birds in Central Germany is still lacking.

Results

Blood samples from a total of 238 adult and 122 nestling songbirds belonging to six species were investigated for infections with avian haemosporidian genera and lineages (Haemoproteusspp.,Plasmodiumspp.,Leucocytozoonspp.) andTrypanosoma aviumusing PCR, targeting the parasite mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 18S ribosomal RNA. In total, the prevalence in adult birds was 31.3% infected withHaemoproteus, 12.5% withPlasmodiumand 71.0% withLeucocytozoon(nestlings excluded). None of the tested birds was infected withTrypanosoma avium. Only in two nestling birds, aged 12–17 days, aLeucocytozoonspp. infection was proven. Among 225 successfully sequenced samples, we found fourHaemoproteus, threePlasmodiumand 19Leucocytozoonlineages, including two newLeucocytozoonlineages. Furthermore, we report two new host-lineage associations.

Conclusions

As first study investigating avian haemosporidian parasites in Central Germany, we provide new information on genetic diversity of Haemosporida infecting Passeriformes. We show that even with a small sample size new lineages as well as previously unknown linkages between certain lineages and host species can be detected. This may help to elucidate the diversity of lineages as well as lineage-host-connections of avian Haemosporida.
Validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in post-harvest leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Zhou Zi-wei , Deng Hui-li , Wu Qing-yang , Liu Bin-bin , Yue Chuan , Deng Ting-ting , Lai Zhong-xiong , Sun Yun
Published: January 2019

Tea is one of three major non-alcoholic beverages that are popular all around the world. The economic value of tea product largely depends on the post-harvest physiology of tea leaves. The utilization of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a widely accepted and precise approach to determine the target gene expression of tea plants, and the reliability of results hinges on the selection of suitable reference genes. A few reliable reference genes have been documented using various treatments and different tissues of tea plants, but none has been done on post-harvest leaves during the tea manufacturing process. The present study selected and analyzed 15 candidate reference genes: Cs18SrRNA, CsGADPH, CsACT, CsEF-1α, CsUbi, CsTUA, Cs26SrRNA, CsRuBP, CsCYP, CselF-4α, CsMON1, CsPCS1, CsSAND, CsPPA2, CsTBP. This study made an assessment on the expression stability under two kinds of post-harvest treatment, turn over and withering, using three algorithms—GeNorm, Normfinder, and Bestkeeper. The results indicated that the three commonly used reference genes, CsTUA, Cs18SrRNA, CsRuBP, together with Cs26SrRNA, were the most unstable genes in both the turn over and withering treatments. CsACT, CsEF-1α, CsPPA2, and CsTBP were the top four reference genes in the turn over treatment, while CsTBP, CsPCS1, CsPPA2, CselF-4α, and CsACT were the five best reference genes in the withering group. The expression level of lipoxygenase genes, which were involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology, including wounding, was evaluated to validate the findings. To conclude, we found a basis for the selection of reference genes for accurate transcription normalization in post-harvest leaves of tea plants.
High-resolution maps of Swiss apiaries and their applicability to study spatial distribution of bacterial honey bee brood diseases
Authors: von Büren Raphael S. , Oehen Bernadette , Kuhn Nikolaus J. , Erler Silvio
Published: January 2019

Honey bees directly affect and are influenced by their local environment, in terms of food sources, pollinator densities, pathogen and toxin exposure and climate. Currently, there is a lack of studies analyzing these data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate spatial relationships with the environment. Particularly for inter-colonial pathogen transmission, it is known that the likelihood of a healthy colony to become infested (e.g., Varroosis) or infected (e.g., American foulbrood—AFB, European foulbrood—EFB) increases with higher colony density. Whether these transmission paths can actually be asserted at apiary level is largely unknown. Here, we unraveled spatial distribution and high-resolution density of apiaries and bacterial honey bee brood diseases in Switzerland based on available GIS data. Switzerland as ‘model country’ offers the unique opportunity to get apiary data since 2010 owing to compulsory registration for every beekeeper. Further, both destructive bee brood diseases (AFB and EFB) are legally notifiable in Switzerland, and EFB has an epizootic character for the last decades. As governmental data sets have to be ameliorated, raw data from the cantonal agricultural or veterinary offices have been included. We found a mean density of 0.56 apiaries per km2, and high resolution spatial analyzes showed strong correlation between density of apiaries and human population density as well as agricultural landscape type. Concerning two bacterial bee brood diseases (AFB, EFB), no significant correlation was detectable with density of apiaries on cantonal level, though a high correlation of EFB cases and apiary density became obvious on higher resolution (district level). Hence, Swiss EFB epizootics seem to have benefited from high apiary densities, promoting the transmission of pathogens by adult bees. The GIS-based method presented here, might also be useful for other bee diseases, anthropogenic or environmental factors affecting bee colonies.
TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO Y FACTOR RELIGIOSO. S. MESEGUER V.
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2019

S. MESEGUER V., 1ª ed. Madrid, Editorial Dykinson S.L., 2017, 317 p.p. ISBN: 978-84-9148-467-7
LA OBJECIÓN DE CONCIENCIA EN EL DERECHO POSITIVO CHILENO, B. ARAYA P.
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: January 2019

B. ARAYA P., 1ª ed. Santiago, Editorial Libromar, 2017, 104 p.p. ISBN: 978-956-7890-41-5
Surface‐Mounted Metal–Organic Frameworks: Crystalline and Porous Molecular Assemblies for Fundamental Insights and Advanced Applications
Authors: Heinke Lars , Wöll Christof
Published: January 2019

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline coordination polymers, assembled from inorganic nodes connected by organic linker molecules. An enormous surface area, huge compositional variety, regular structure, and favorable mechanical properties are among their outstanding properties. Monolithic MOF thin films, i.e., surface‐mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs), with high degree of structural order and adjustable defect density, can be prepared on solid substrates using layer‐by‐layer techniques. Recent studies where SURMOFs served as model systems for quantitative studies of molecular interactions in porous media, including diffusion, are reviewed. Moreover, SURMOFs are ideally suited for the incorporation of photoactive molecules as well as to study electrical transport through crystalline molecular assemblies. Recent work has demonstrated that the realization of crystalline chromophore assemblies via the SURMOF approach allows the study of fundamental aspects of exciton transport, exciton channeling, and photon upconversion at internal interfaces in organic semiconductor materials. Due to their crystalline nature, MOF materials are well suited for quantitative comparisons with theoretical results; especially, since defect densities and types can be characterized and varied in a straightforward fashion. The active role of these nanoporous films in advanced applications, like for remote‐controlled release of molecules, membranes with photoswitchable selectivity, and ion‐conductors with adjustable conductivity, are also emphasized.
Increase in erosive esophagitis after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication
Authors: Tseng Cheng‐Hao , Huang Chih‐Kun , Chen Tzu‐Haw , Hsu Ming‐Hung , Chen I‐Sung , Tai Chi‐Ming
Published: January 2019

Studies have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of erosive esophagitis (EE) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication (LAGBP) is also a restrictive bariatric surgery, but its influence on EE remains unclear. The aim of the study is to evaluate the change in the prevalence of EE 1 year after LAGBP. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent LAGBP. Patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy both preoperatively and at least 12 months postoperatively were enrolled. Clinical characteristics including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome (MS) were recorded. Sixty‐five severely obese patients who underwent LAGBP between February 2009 and October 2013 were included in this study. Twelve months after surgery, patients had a significant improvement in BMI, WC, and MS, but the prevalence of EE was significantly increased from 20.0% to 44.6% after LAGBP (P = 0.005). In addition, we also found that 23 (44.2%) of the 52 patients without EE at baseline developed de novo EE. Although LAGBP resulted in a significant reduction in BMI and amelioration of comorbidities, the prevalence of EE increased significantly after operation.
Small bowel mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cai Zong‐Sian , Chen Ming‐Jen , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Chang Chen‐Wang
Published: January 2019

Small intestine marginal B cell lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated type (MALT lymphoma) is relatively rare compared to gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoma tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and comprised only about less than 10% of primary small intestinal tumor cases. However, with advances in video capsule enteroscopy and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy, more cases of small bowel MALT lymphoma are expected to be discovered via endoscopy. The pathogenesis, endoscopic features, and treatment strategy, including Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, remain an issue and require further clinical trial or studies to be resolved. Here, we report the case of a 67‐year‐old man with jejunal MALT lymphoma presenting with nearly total obstruction of his bowel lumen. He underwent segmental small bowel resection for the stricture without recurrence.
Rheological properties of bimodal polyethylenes produced with silica nanoparticle supported catalysts
Authors: Liu Hao , Troisi Enrico M. , Goossens Johannes G. P. , Severn John R. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M.
Published: January 2019

The rheological properties of bimodal ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) are investigated with an emphasis on the influence of the catalyst support. Bimodal UHMWPEs were produced in a single reactor with double support (DS) and single support (SS) catalyst systems. Dynamic measurements showed that the SS samples have a higher storage modulus at low frequencies than the DS samples with the same weight average molecular weight. After extrusion, the storage modulus of the bimodal DS samples increased to an identical value. The results indicate that the SS sample has a higher homogeneity than the DS sample. The steady‐shear viscosities were measured to determine zero shear viscosities (η0) of the bimodal samples. The results show that the SS samples follow the relation η0 = KMwα with α = 3.19. However, the DS samples exhibit a substantial deviation from this relation especially in the intermediate Mw range around 1000 kg mol−1. The reason for the deviation is attributed to the heterogeneity in DS samples. The results demonstrate that the DS systems do not produce bimodal PEs with an intimate degree of mixing of short and long polymer chains even if silica nanoparticles are used as the support. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47577.
Efficient predictive vibration control of a building‐like structure
Authors: Enríquez‐Zárate Josue , Valencia‐Palomo Guillermo , López‐Estrada Francisco‐Ronay , Silva‐Navarro Gerardo , Hoyo‐Montaño José Antonio
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the design of a model predictive controller (MPC) based on Laguerre functions for vibration control. The controller is tested in a building‐like structure consisting on a three‐story building with a passive vibration absorber. The structure is connected to an electromagnetic shaker, which excites the support of the superstructure, providing forces with a wide range of excitation frequencies, including some resonance frequencies of the structure. The overall controller is a hybrid vibration absorber conformed of (i) an active absorber, that is a predictive vibration control scheme, synthesised to actively attenuate the vibratory system response via (ii) a passive absorber, known as a tuned mass damper (TMD), located over the third story building to reduce the vibrations caused by harmonic forces acting on the base of the structure. The proposed predictive control strategy proves to be effective and efficient, improving system's performance with guaranteed stability and feasibility. Experimental and numerical results are included to illustrate the overall system performance.
Silica Gel‐mediated Synthesis of β‐Enamino Esters and its Application for the Synthesis of Indeno 4‐Hydroxypyridin‐2(1H)‐Ones
Authors: Kim Soong‐Hyun , Bae Seri , Ko Eun Bi , Park Ga Young , Lee Eunhye , Hwang Hee Jong , Im Chun Young , Song Minsoo
Published: January 2019

The full scope of SiO2‐based condensation of aliphatic or aromatic amines and β‐keto esters to give β‐enamino esters was examined. Functionalized linear β‐enamino esters were easily obtained from SiO2‐based condensation of β‐keto esters and amines only after simple filtration. It was also demonstrated that cyclic β‐enamino esters with 99% purity can be prepared in a practically large scale (60 g) without using silica gel column chromatography. The utility of the present method was fortified by the preparation of pharmaceutically useful indeno‐4‐hydroxypyridin‐2(1H)‐one analogue 11.
Anatomical variations of the plantar fascia's origin with respect to age and sex—an MRI based study
Authors: Pękala Przemysław A. , Kaythampillai Lourdes , Skinningsrud Bendik , Loukas Marios , Walocha Jerzy A. , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A.
Published: January 2019

The plantar fascia (PF) plays a significant role in ankle movement and anatomical variations of this structure may significantly alter the biomechanical properties of the foot and lower extremity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the PF's origin point on the calcaneus (CB), and whether these changes are dependent on age and sex. Two independent observers evaluated two hundred and two foot and ankle MRIs and the following measurements was performed: (A) horizontal length of the AT insertion into the posterior aspect of the CB, (B) horizontal length of the CB and (C) horizontal distance from the most anterior point of the CB to the most posterior part of the PF. Statistical analysis was performed with the results obtained to evaluate both sex and age differences. Based on our results, we observed that: (1) changes of the PF's origin point on the CB is independent of age and sex and (2) the continuity between the PF and AT decreases during aging as a result from changes in the AT's insertion point into the CB. This study concludes that the PF's origin point does not change with respect to age or sex, but the continuity between the PF and AT decreases during aging. Knowledge regarding the biomechanical influences caused by changes in the relationship between the AT and PF may be important in terms of treatment and prophylaxis of both PF and AT pathologies. Clin. Anat. 32:597–602, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle architecture of vastus medialis obliquus and longus and its functional implications: A three‐dimensional investigation
Authors: Castanov Valera , Hassan Syed Ahmed , Shakeri Shayan , Vienneau Maxine , Zabjek Karl , Richardson Denyse , McKee Nancy H. , Agur Anne M. R.
Published: January 2019

Vastus medialis (VM) has two partitions, longus (VML), and obliquus (VMO), which have been implicated in knee pathologies. However, muscle architecture of VMO and VML has not been documented volumetrically. The aims of this study were to determine and compare the muscle architecture of VMO and VML in three‐dimensional (3D) space, and to elucidate their relative functional capabilities. Twelve embalmed specimens were used in this study. Each specimen was serially dissected, digitized (Microscribe™ MX), and modeled in 3D (Autodesk Maya®). Architectural parameters: fiber bundle length (FBL), proximal (PPA)/distal (DPA) pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) were compared using descriptive statistics/t‐tests. Sarcomere lengths (SLs) were measured and compared from six biopsy sites of VM. VMO and VML were found to have superficial and deep parts based on fiber bundle attachments to aponeuroses, medial patellar retinaculum, and adductor magnus tendon. The superficial part of VMO was further subdivided into superior and inferior partitions. Architecturally, VMO was found to have significantly shorter mean FBL, greater mean PPA and DPA, and smaller mean PCSA than VML. VML was found to be connected to the fascia lata by thin fascial bands, not present in VMO. SLs of VMO and VML were comparable. VMO and VML are architecturally and functionally distinct, as evidenced by marked differences in their musculoaponeurotic geometry, attachment sites, and architectural parameters. VMO likely contributes greater to medial patellar stabilization, whereas VML, with a larger relative excursion and force‐generating capability, to the extension of the knee. Clin. Anat. 32:515–523, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Practice patterns, dose selection and factors impacting survival
Authors: Robbins Jared R. , Schmid Ryan K. , Hammad Abdulrahman Y. , Gamblin Thomas Clark , Erickson Beth A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without consensus regarding optimal dose schemas. This analysis identifies practice patterns and factors that influence dose selection and overall survival, with particular emphasis on dose and tumor size.

Materials/Methods

Query of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) identified patients with unresectable, nonmetastatic HCC who received SBRT from 2004 to 2013. Biological Effective Dose (BED) was calculated for each patient in order to uniformly analyze different fractionation regimens.

Results

A total of 456 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median BED was 100 Gy (22.5‐208.0), which corresponded to the most common dose fractionation (50 Gy in five fractions). Various factors influenced dose selection including tumor size (P < 0.001), tumor stage (P = 0.002), and facility case volume (<0.001). On multivariate analysis, low BED (<75 Gy, HR 2.537, P < 0.001; 75‐100 Gy, HR 1.986, P = 0.007), increasing tumor size (HR 1.067, P = 0.032), elevated AFP (HR 1.585, P = 0.019), stage 3 (HR 1.962, P < 0.001), low‐volume facilities (1‐5 cases HR 1.687, P = 0.006), and a longer time interval from diagnosis to SBRT (>2 to ≤4 months, HR 1.456, P = 0.048; >4 months, HR 2.192, P < 0.001) were associated with worse survival.

Conclusion

SBRT use is increasing for HCC, and multiple regimens are clinically employed. Although high BED was associated with improved outcomes, multiple factors contributed to the dose selection with favorable patients receiving higher doses. Continued efforts to enhance radiation planning and delivery may help improve utilization, safety, and efficacy.
Disruption of erythroid nuclear opening and histone release in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Zhao Baobing , Liu Hui , Mei Yang , Liu Yijie , Han Xu , Yang Jing , Wickrema Amittha , Ji Peng
Published: January 2019

Mammalian terminal erythropoiesis involves several characteristic phenomena including chromatin condensation and enucleation. One of the newly identified features of terminal erythropoiesis in mouse is a dynamic nuclear opening and histone release process, which is required for chromatin condensation. However, it is unclear whether the same feature is present in human. Here, we use an in vitro human CD34‐positive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell culture system and reveal that nuclear openings and histone release are also identified during human terminal erythropoiesis. In contrast to mouse in which each erythroblast contains a single opening, multiple nuclear openings are present in human erythroblast, particularly during the late‐stage differentiation. The nuclear opening and histone release process is mediated by caspase‐3. Inhibition of caspase‐3 blocks nuclear opening, histone release, chromatin condensation, and terminal differentiation. We confirm the finding of histone cytosolic release in paraffin‐embedded human bone marrow in vivo. Importantly, we find that patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) exhibit significant defects in histone release in the dysplastic erythroblasts. Our results reveal developmentally conserved nuclear envelop and histone dynamic changes in human terminal erythropoiesis and indicate that disruption of the histone release process plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of dyserythropoiesis in MDS.
Recording client sessions during psychotherapy training: From “an absurd idea” to “potent learning”
Authors: McMahon Aisling , Ledden Kathryn
Published: January 2019

Background

Audio‐ or video‐recording of client sessions is often used in psychotherapy training to develop practitioner skills and improve client services. However, opinion on the value and ethics of this practice is divided, with limited empirical research and no published research in an Irish context. This study aimed to add to the literature, asking two main questions: To what extent are client sessions recorded during psychotherapy training in the Republic of Ireland, and what are Irish psychotherapists’ experiences and attitudes regarding this practice?

Methodology

An online survey was distributed to members of the Irish Association of Humanistic and Integrative Psychotherapy (IAHIP) who subscribe to IAHIP web adverts (30% response rate; N = 120). Data were analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis.

Findings

Just under half these Irish psychotherapists reported recording client sessions during training; this practice being significantly less common amongst recent graduates. While a small majority agreed with recording during training, a sizeable one‐third disagreed, with others uncertain. Those with regular experience of recording were most supportive of the practice. Positive themes regarding recording were as follows: “strongly enables learning,” “captures reality,” “invaluable opportunity for trainees to have a witness,” and “accountability and protection for clients,” while negative themes were as follows: “an anxious, inhibiting experience,” “distorts/misses reality,” “trainees’ needs impinging on the therapeutic relationship” and “a breach of confidentiality.”

Conclusion

Irish psychotherapists have strong yet mixed views about recording, reflecting the power of this practice and its ethical complexity. A recommended training protocol for recording client sessions is offered.
Anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI induces human neutrophils to generate NETs by relying on ROS
Authors: You Yanqiu , Liu Yanhong , Li Fujun , Mu Fengyun , Zha Caijun
Published: January 2019

Neutrophils participate in the regulation of pathogens by phagocytosis as well as by generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Antiphospholipid antibodies, particularly those targeting beta‐2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), stimulate monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells with prothrombotic participation. This study aimed to explore NET generation in response to anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI. A series of experiments involving the separation of primary human leukocytes, NETosis quantification using propidium iodide, exploration of NETosis by fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, examination of free Zn2+ using FluoZin‐3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) examination with dihydrorhodamine 123 were performed in this study. We found that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI triggered NETosis, resembling phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced NETosis in magnitude and morphology. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex in isolation stimulated NETs without relying on p38, protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) 1/2, and zinc signals. NET generation was unaffected by the NADPH oxidase suppressor DP1. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulated ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which may participate in NET generation triggered via the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex. In summary, our results indicate that the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex reinforced NET generation by relying on ROS.

The significance of the paper in the context of current knowledge

Neutrophils as one of the first lines of defence and essential in the response to pathogen invasion. They eradicate bacteria via phagocytosis or by releasing antimicrobial proteins in degranulation. In this study, we explored the capability of anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI to stimulate NETosis, demonstrating that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI is a promising method for triggering NET. Anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI induced ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which contributes to NETosis independently of ERK1/2, Zn2+, or AKT. Our results showed that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI triggered NETosis, resembling PMA‐induced NETosis in magnitude as well as morphology. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex in isolation stimulated NETs without relying on p38, AKT, ERK1/2, or zinc signals. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulated ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which may participate in NET generation triggered via the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex.
In‐Situ Configuration Studies on Segmented DNA Origami Nanotubes
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Guo Jingyang , Zhang Lixia , Pan Muchen , Jing Xinxin , Wang Lihua , Liu Xiaoguo , Zuo Xiaolei
Published: January 2019

One‐dimensional nanotubes are of considerable interest in materials and biochemical sciences. A particular desire is to create DNA nanotubes with user‐defined structural features and biological relevance, which will facilitate the application of these nanotubes in the controlled release of drugs, templating of other materials into linear arrays and the construction of artificial membrane channels. However, little is known about the structures of assembled DNA nanotubes in solution. Here we report an in situ exploration of segmented DNA nanotubes, composed of multiple units with set length distributions, by using synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Through joint experimental and theoretical studies, we show that the SAXS data are highly informative in the context of heterogeneous mixtures of DNA nanotubes. The structural parameters obtained by SAXS are in good agreement with those determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In particular, the SAXS data revealed important structural information on these DNA nanotubes, such as the in‐solution diameters (≈25 nm), which could be obtained only with difficulty by use of other methods. Our results establish SAXS as a reliable structural analysis method for long DNA nanotubes and could assist in the rational design of these structures.
Ionic Assembly, Anion–π, Magnetic, and Electronic Attributes of Ambient Stable Naphthalenediimide Radical Ions
Authors: Kumar Sharvan , Malik Vikas , Shukla Jyoti , Kumar Yogendra , Bansal Deepak , Chatterjee Ratnamala , Mukhopadhyay Pritam
Published: January 2019

Organic spin‐based molecular materials are considered to be attractive for the generation of functional materials with emergent optoelectronic, magnetic, or magneto‐conductive properties. However, the major limitations to the utilization of organic spin‐based systems are their high reactivity, instability, and propensity for dimerization. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and magnetic and electronic studies of three ambient stable radical ions (1 a.+, 1 b.+, and 1 c.+). The radical ions 1 b.+ and 1 c.+ with BPh4− and BF4− counter anions, respectively, were synthesized in excellent yields by means of anion metathesis of 1 a.+ with Br− as its counter anion. Notably, synthesis of 1 a.+ was achieved in an ecofriendly, solvent‐free protocol. The radical ions were characterized by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, which revealed the discrete nature of the radical ions and extensive hydrogen‐bonding interactions within the radical ions and with the counter anions. Thus, radical ions can be organized to form infinite supramolecular arrays using weak noncovalent interactions. In addition, the Br−, BF4−, and BPh4− anions formed diverse types of anion–π interactions with the naphthalene and imide rings of the radical ions. The radical ions were characterized by means of X‐band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state. Magnetic studies revealed their paramagnetic nature in the range of 10 to 300 K. The radical ions exhibited high resistivity approaching the gigaohm (GΩ) scale. In addition, the radical ions exhibited panchromism.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of high selectivity mixed molybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
Authors: Alasiri Hassan , Ahmed Shakeel , Rahman Faizur , Al‐Amer Adnan , Majeed Uwais B.
Published: January 2019

Molybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts with varied compositions (Mo/V = 1/1, 7/3, 8/2, and 9/1) were prepared using a modified citrate‐nitrate auto‐combustion method for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. These catalysts were characterized by BET‐technique, TPR, XRD, SEM, Raman, and UV spectroscopy. The effects of washing and supercritical CO2 drying on catalysts during the preparation steps were investigated. Results show an interaction between the molybdenum and vanadium metal ions in all of these catalysts due to the presence of a peak at 785 cm−1 from the Raman study, which was assigned to a polymolybdovanadate species V‐O‐Mo vibration. This interaction could be efficient for alkane activation reaction. The catalysts were evaluated in a fixed bed micro‐reactor at temperatures in the range of 350–600 °C and at atmospheric pressure. The activity of the catalyst increased by increasing the molybdenum content. All of the catalysts in this study showed 100 % selectivity for propylene in the temperature range of 350–450 °C; however, the propylene selectivity was found to decrease with an increase in the temperature. The highest yield of 4.8 % with 100 % propylene selectivity was obtained for a catalyst with Mo/V ratio of 9:1 at 500 °C.