bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of context-specific studies for marketing
Authors: Stremersch Stefan , Gonzalez Jorge , Valenti Albert , Villanueva Julian
Published: July 2022

This paper clarifies why context-specific studies have scientific merit and provides recommendations to authors and journal stewards on how to develop them well. A context-specific study is a study in a unique setting yielding conclusions that can be considered to have limited generalizability to other settings. A firm’s industry—think of pharmaceuticals, video games, movies, platform markets, sharing economy—may represent an unambiguous example of a specific context. Unfortunately, the generalizability-specificity dilemma is often misunderstood. Generalizability is excessively heralded as the ideal, and studies in specific contexts are too often denigrated, while both intrinsically can be valuable to the advancement of knowledge. The present paper aims to (1) provide a more nuanced system of beliefs for marketing scholarship to adopt in favor of specificity; (2) offer a helping hand to authors and editors when developing and publishing context-specific studies; (3) review successful examples from the prior literature; and (4) offer clear implications for scholars.
Bone loss induced by cancer treatments in breast and prostate cancer patients
Authors: Castañeda Santos , Casas Ana , González-del-Alba Aránzazu , Martínez-Díaz-Guerra Guillermo , Nogués Xavier , Ojeda Thies Cristina , Torregrosa Suau Óscar , Rodríguez-Lescure Álvaro
Published: July 2022

Cancer and cancer therapies are a major factor risk for osteoporosis due to bone loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Both factors contribute to a decrease in bone strength and, consequently, increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. Cancer-associated bone loss is a multifactorial process, and optimal interdisciplinary management of skeletal health, accurate assessment of bone density, and early diagnosis are essential when making decisions aimed at reducing bone loss and fracture risk in patients who have received or are receiving treatment for cancer. In this document, a multidisciplinary group of experts collected the latest evidence on the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment with the support of the Spanish scientific society SEOM. The aim was to provide an up-to-date and in-depth view of osteoporotic risk and its consequences, and to present a series of recommendations aimed at optimizing the management of bone health in the context of cancer.
University without Borders
Authors: Tateo Luca , Marsico Giuseppina , Min He , Machado Dazzani Maria Virginia
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses the problem of master theses’ production in psychology from a decolonial perspective. It presents a critique to the reproductive and monological model of knowledge currently promoted in higher education. Then, it proposes an alternative pedagogic model of research-tandem. The research-tandem is an example of an innovative way of understanding a university without borders, as developed within the international network of excellence “IBEF- Ideas for the Basic Education of the Future”. Higher education must be detached from national-based curricula, and become a nomadic and collaborative across-cultural knowledge building endeavor. Current higher education aims to be national in its curricula but global in its marketability. In cultural psychology’s perspective, higher education of the future shall be regarded as global in its vision yet local in its solutions. Future students must have the opportunity to build new knowledge by experiencing and sharing diversity rather than complying with standardized and monological trajectories.
Preparation, Characterization and Application of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Waste Carbonation Mud in Clarification of Raw Sugar Melt
Authors: Mostafa Fayza A. , Gad Ahmad N. , Gaber Abdel-Aal M. , Abdel-Wahab Aboel-Magd A.
Published: July 2022

The final carbonation mud resulted from sugar beet clarification process has been and still represents the most common waste problem in sugar industry. It contains mainly calcium carbonate beside other minor constituents. In this study, a novel technique was developed, which involves combination of Limex method and sol–gel method for the preparation of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CON) from the carbonation mud waste. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The SEM and TEM images showed that the CON particles are semi-hexagonal in morphology with particles size 60–275 nm. A high surface area 747.62 m2/g was also determined. Minerals analysis of CON showed high content of calcium oxide (92.81%) and significant reduction in the percentage of other elements compared with the commercial calcium oxide currently used in sugar industry. Laboratory- as well as pilot-scale results proved that CON from carbonation mud can be used successfully for clarification processes of raw sugar refining. Of course, the application of CON as clarifying agent in sugar industry will result in a significant reduction in the consumption of calcium oxide (32.43%) in addition to minimizing the carbonation mud waste pollution problems.
A multi-criterion three-way decision-making method under linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment
Authors: Qin Yuchu , Qi Qunfen , Shi Peizhi , Scott Paul J. , Jiang Xiangqian
Published: July 2022

How to solve a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem with linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (LIVIFNs) effectively is an important research topic. So far, a number of methods for solving this problem have been presented within the academia. Each of these methods can work well in specific situation. But they could produce undesirable decision-making results when the information for decision-making is insufficient or acquisition of the information needs a certain cost, since all of them are based on conventional two-way decision model. In this paper, three-way decision model is introduced into linguistic interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment and a multi-criterion three-way decision-making method under this environment is presented. A specific relative loss function derived from an LIVIFN is established and corresponding three-way decision rules are developed. Based on the established function and developed rules, a three-way decision method for solving an MCDM problem with LIVIFNs is proposed. The application of the proposed method is illustrated via a practical example. The effectiveness and advantage of the method are demonstrated via an experimental comparison with some existing methods. The comparison results suggest that the proposed method is as effective as the existing methods and is more flexible than the existing methods in solving an MCDM problem with LIVIFNs.
A versatile defect engineering strategy for room-temperature flash sintering
Authors: Wu Angxuan , Yan Ziyang , Wang Xilin , Yu Zhiyang , Huang Rongxia , Yan Nianping , Jia Zhidong
Published: July 2022

In this study, we reported that flash sintering (FS) could be efficiently triggered at room temperature (25 °C) by manipulating the oxygen concentration within ZnO powders via a versatile defect engineering strategy, fully demonstrating a promising method for the repaid prototyping of ceramics. With a low concentration of oxygen defects, FS was only activated at a high onset electric field of ∼2.7 kV/cm, while arcs appearing on the surfaces of samples. Strikingly, the onset electric field was decreased to < 0.51 kV/cm for the activation of FS initiated, which was associated with increased oxygen concentrations coupled with increased electrical conductivity. Thereby, a general room-temperature FS strategy by introducing intrinsic structural defect is suggested for a broad range of ceramics that are prone to form high concentration of point defects.
Inventory Policy and Heuristic for Long-Term Multi-product Perishable Inventory Routing Problem with Static Demand
Authors: Chen Xi-Yi , Yang Jian-Bo , Xu Dong-Ling
Published: July 2022

This work considers a long-term Perishable Inventory Routing Problem with multiple products, static demand, and single vehicle, in the setting of Vendor Managed Inventory. By analyzing the optimal solutions of long-term cases that can be solved in Python+Gurobi within 2 h, we capture some patterns of optimal solutions. Utilizing these patterns, experiments show that under certain conditions, the mathematical models of multi-product problems could be simplified to single-product problems, which have the same optimal solutions while taking less time to solve. Managerial insights were generated that for products with static demand in the long term, delivery should be arranged at the store level rather than at the product level. Products in the same store should have the same delivery pattern, no matter how different the unit holding costs are. By further analyzing the optimal solutions of the simplified models, we find that optimal value will stabilize in the long term, and the optimal solution is very close to the solution point where total inventory holding cost and transportation cost are close. Based on these findings, we have developed a heuristic that always provides optimal or close-to-optimal solutions with far less computational time, compared with Python+Gurobi.
Trajectories of MMSE and MoCA scores across the healthy adult lifespan in the Italian population
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Pasotti Fabrizio , Appollonio Ildebrando , Bolognini Nadia
Published: July 2022

Background

This study compares the performance at the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) across the healthy adult lifespan in an Italian population sample.

Methods

The MMSE and MoCA were administered to 407 Italian healthy native-speakers (165 males; age range 20–93 years; education range 4–25 years). A generalized Negative Binomial mixed model was run to profile MMSE and MoCA scores across 8 different age classes (≤ 30; 31–40; 41–50; 51–60; 61–70; 71–80; 81–85; ≥ 86) net of education and sex.

Results

MMSE and MoCA total scores declined with age (p < 0.001), with the MoCA proving to be “more difficult” than the MMSE (p < 0.001). The Age*Test interaction (p < 0.001) indicates that the MoCA proved to profile a sufficiently linear involutional trend in cognition with advancing age and to be able to detect poorer cognitive performances in individuals aged ≥ 71 years. By contrast, MMSE scores failed in capturing the expected age-related trajectory, reaching a plateau in the aforementioned age classes.

Discussion

The MoCA seems to be more sensitive than the MMSE in detecting age-related physiological decline of cognitive functioning across the healthy adult lifespan. The MoCA might be therefore more useful than the MMSE as a test for general cognitive screening aims.
Apparent autistic traits in transgender people: a prospective study of the impact of gender-affirming hormonal treatment
Authors: Mazzoli F. , Cassioli E. , Ristori J. , Castellini G. , Rossi E. , Cocchetti C. , Romani A. , Angotti T. , Giovanardi G. , Mosconi M. , Lingiardi V. , Speranza A. M. , Ricca V. , Vignozzi L. , Maggi M. , Fisher A. D.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

We evaluated differences in Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores between a sample of hormone-naïve transgender and cisgender people and the impact of gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) on AQ scores across time. Furthermore, we assessed alexithymia and social anxiety as possible mediators of changes in AQ scores.

Methods

A cross-sectional comparison between cisgender and transgender people before GAHT and a prospective study on the effects of GAHT over time were performed. Transgender and cisgender people completed several psychometric tests. A total sample of 789 persons (n = 229 cismen; n = 172 ciswomen; n = 206 transmen; n = 182 transwomen) referring to the Florence and Rome Gender Clinics between 2018 and 2020 was enrolled. Of these, 62 participants referring to the Florence Gender Clinic were evaluated in a prospective study at baseline and 12 months after GAHT.

Results

Groups showed significant differences in terms of autistic traits: ciswomen showed lower scores of AQ, while cismen reported higher scores of AQ than all other groups. Transgender individuals showed significant higher levels of Gender Dysphoria (GD), body uneasiness, alexithymia and social anxiety, compared to cisgender ones. No significant differences in general psychopathology were found between groups. Across time, transmen and transwomen showed a significant reduction in AQ scores. The decrease in alexithymia and social anxiety after GAHT did not predict the change in AQ scores.

Conclusions

The autistic traits in our sample may represent an epiphenomenon of GD rather than being part of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) condition, since they significantly decreased after 12 months of GAHT.
The application of CRISPR/Cas technologies to Brassica crops: current progress and future perspectives
Authors: Li Jun , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Chao , Li Na , Zhao Jianjun
Published: July 2022

Brassica species are a global source of nutrients and edible vegetable oil for humans. However, all commercially important Brassica crops underwent a whole-genome triplication event, hindering the development of functional genomics and breeding programs. Fortunately, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) technologies, by allowing multiplex and precise genome engineering, have become valuable genome-editing tools and opened up new avenues for biotechnology. Here, we review current progress in the use of CRISPR/Cas technologies with an emphasis on the latest breakthroughs in precise genome editing. We also summarize the application of CRISPR/Cas technologies to Brassica crops for trait improvements. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of these technologies for comprehensive application in Brassica crops. Ongoing advancement in CRISPR/Cas technologies, in combination with other achievements, will play a significant role in the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of Brassica crops.
Systematic Exploration of Optimized Base Editing gRNA Design and Pleiotropic Effects with BExplorer
Authors: Zhang Gongchen , Zhu Chenyu , Chen Xiaohan , Yan Jifang , Xue Dongyu , Wei Zixuan , Chuai Guohui , Liu Qi
Published: July 2022

Base editing technology is being increasingly applied in genome engineering, but the current strategy for designing guide RNAs (gRNAs) relies substantially on empirical experience rather than a dependable and efficient in silico design. Furthermore, the pleiotropic effect of base editing on disease treatment remains unexplored, which prevents its further clinical usage. Here, we presented BExplorer, an integrated and comprehensive computational pipeline to optimize the design of gRNAs for 26 existing types of base editors in silico. Using BExplorer, we described its results for two types of mainstream base editors, BE3 and ABE7.10, and evaluated the pleiotropic effects of the corresponding base editing loci. BExplorer revealed 524 and 900 editable pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the human genome together with the selected optimized gRNAs for BE3 and ABE7.10, respectively. In addition, the impact of 707 edited pathogenic SNP loci following base editing on 131 diseases was systematically explored by revealing their pleiotropic effects, indicating that base editing should be carefully utilized given the potential pleiotropic effects. Collectively, the systematic exploration of optimized base editing gRNA design and the corresponding pleiotropic effects with BExplorer provides a computational basis for applying base editing in disease treatment.
Reciprocal Green's Functions and the Quick Forecast of Storm Surges
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Liu Chin‐Chu , Chang Yu‐Chia
Published: July 2022

Pre‐calculated reciprocal Green's functions are accurate and efficient for forecasting tsunamis generated by either submarine mass failures or submarine earthquakes. In the present study, reciprocal Green's functions are extended to the forecast of storm surges. As the reciprocity between volume flows is not natural, new reciprocity relations are first established and verified. These reciprocal Green's functions, after a convolution with the atmospheric pressure and wind stress, can give the water surface and volume fluxes of the storm surge promptly. Thus, various storm surge scenarios can be considered, and a useful forecast can be devised. Detailed simulations on storm surge inundation can be obtained quickly in a way similar to tsunami inundation.
Reconstruction of Directional Spectra of Infragravity Waves
Authors: Matsuba Yoshinao , Roelvink Dano , Reniers Ad J. H. M. , Rijnsdorp Dirk P. , Shimozono Takenori
Published: July 2022

Understanding directional spectra of infragravity (IG) waves composed of free and bound components is required due to their impacts on various coastal processes (e.g., coastal inundation and morphological change). However, conventional reconstruction methods of directional spectra relying on linear wave theory are not applicable to IG waves in intermediate water depths (20–30 m) due to the presence of bound waves. Herein, a novel method is proposed to reconstruct directional spectra of IG waves in intermediate depth based on weakly nonlinear wave theory. This method corrects cross‐spectra among observed wave signals by taking account of the nonlinearity of bound waves in order to reconstruct directional spectra of free IG waves. Numerical experiments using synthetic data representing various directional distributions show that the proposed method reconstructs free IG wave directional spectra more accurately than the conventional method. The method is subsequently applied to observations of severe sea‐states at two field sites. At these sites, free IG waves are not isotropic and have clear peak directions. Numerical modeling of the wave fields shows that these peak directions correspond to the reflection of IG waves from the shore and/or coastal structures. Additionally, the validity of the underlying weakly nonlinear wave theory of the present method is assessed by a newly proposed method employing bispectral analysis. The bound wave response generally agrees with the theory at the field sites but deviates slightly for energetic sea states. The applicability of the present method on a sloping bottom is further discussed by an analytical solution.
Crustal Imbrication in an Alpine Intraplate Mountain Range: A Wide‐Angle Cross‐Section Across the Spanish‐Portuguese Central System
Authors: DeFelipe I. , Ayarza P. , Palomeras I. , Ruiz M. , Andrés J. , Alcalde J. , Poyatos D. Martínez , Lodeiro F. González , Yenes M. , Elez J. , Pérez‐Cáceres I. , Torne M. , Carbonell R.
Published: July 2022

Intraplate ranges are topographic features that can occur far from plate boundaries, the expected position of orogens as described in the plate tectonics theory. To understand the lithospheric structure of intraplate ranges, we focused on the Spanish‐Portuguese Central System (SPCS), the most outstanding topographic feature in the central Iberian Peninsula. The SPCS is an Alpine range that exhumes Precambrian‐Paleozoic rocks and is located at >200 km from the northern border of the Iberian microplate. Here, we provide a P‐wave velocity model based on wide‐angle seismic reflection/refraction data of the central SPCS (Gredos sector). Our results show: (a) a layered lithosphere characterized by three major interfaces: Conrad, Mohorovicic, and Hales discontinuities, (b) an asymmetry of the crust‐mantle boundary under the SPCS, (c) the extent of the Variscan batholith forming the main outcrops of Gredos, and (d) the thinning of the lower crust toward the south. This model suggests that the exhumation of the SPCS basement was driven by a south‐vergent thick‐skinned thrust system, developed in the southern part of the SPCS and that promoted crustal imbrication and a Mohorovicic discontinuity's offset under the SPCS. Thus, the deformation mechanisms of the crust seem to be controlled by the presence of the late‐ to post‐Variscan granitoids that assimilated the Variscan mid‐crustal detachment creating a new rheological boundary. This tectonic structure allowed the formation of Alpine crustal‐scale thrust systems that eased coupled deformation of the upper and lower crust, leading to limited underthrusting of both crustal layers.
Holey Eclogite!
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: July 2022

Scientists have found holes filled with minerals that indicate fluid-filled pores exist many tens of kilometers below Earth’s surface. But no, The Core fans, you still can’t get amethyst-laden geodes in the mantle.
How Land Deformation Occurs When Fault Sections Creep
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: July 2022

Using a physical experiment, researchers show how off-fault deformation occurs along strike-slip faults with different types of motion.
From Many to One: Consensus Inference in a MIP
Authors: Cressie Noel , Bertolacci Michael , Zammit‐Mangion Andrew
Published: July 2022

A Model Intercomparison Project (MIP) consists of teams who estimate the same underlying quantity (e.g., temperature projections to the year 2070). A simple average of the ensemble of the teams' outputs gives a consensus estimate, but it does not recognize that some outputs are more variable than others. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) models offer a way to obtain a weighted frequentist consensus estimate of outputs with a variance that is the smallest possible. Modulo dependence between MIP outputs, the ANOVA approach weights a team's output inversely proportional to its variance, from which optimally weighted estimates follow. ANOVA weights can also provide a prior distribution for Bayesian Model Averaging of the MIP outputs when external evaluation data are available. We use a MIP of carbon‐dioxide‐flux inversions to illustrate the ANOVA‐based weighting and subsequent frequentist consensus inferences.
Jamming Density and Volume‐Potential of a Bi‐Dispersed Granular System
Authors: Chang C. S.
Published: July 2022

Jamming is the transition from a fluid‐like state to a solid‐like state of a packing system. Recent studies have shown that jamming transition depends upon many factors: particle shape, friction/cohesion between particles, particle size dispersity, the stress of the packing, etc. This study aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the jamming density of soil with strong dispersity. In analogous to Gibbs excess energy, we introduce excess volume‐potentials for each species. We then proposed a mathematical model to quantitatively compute the jamming density based on the second law of equilibrium in thermodynamics. This approach is validated using experimental results on glass beads and on silty sand. It is hoped that this study will provide to a deeper understanding of the link between jamming density, packing dispersity and the second law of thermodynamics.
Plasma Observations During the 7 June 2021 Ganymede Flyby From the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on Juno
Authors: Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Ebert R. W. , Louarn P. , McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Valek P. , Wilson R. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Clark G. , Duling S. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. , Saur J. , Waite J. H.
Published: July 2022

We report on plasma observations from Juno/Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment during the Ganymede flyby on 7 June 2021. Juno approached Ganymede from southern latitudes, passed through the wake region, then through its magnetosphere to closest approach (1,046 km from the surface) on the night side, and then back into Jupiter's plasma disk. We describe general plasma properties in the regions explored along the trajectory. We infer that Juno traversed a region of open field lines where one end intercepts Ganymede and the other Jupiter. The observations do not support Juno crossing into the closed field line region. The ion composition near Ganymede is very different than that of the nearby plasma environment. H2+ and H3+ ions were detected near Ganymede and in the wake region. Low energy (∼0.1–1 keV) electrons are enhanced just outside the magnetopause, in the wake (inbound trajectory) and in the magnetopause boundary layer (outbound trajectory).
Development of a Clear‐Sky 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Solar Radiative Effect Parameterization Scheme Based on the Mountain Radiation Theory
Authors: Huang Anning , Gu Chunlei , Zhang Yaocun , Li Weiping , Zhang Lujun , Wu Yang , Zhang Xindan , Cai Shuxin
Published: July 2022

Terrains strongly affect the surface solar radiation (SSR) and energy balance, and further greatly modulate the weather and climate in rugged areas. In this study, we have developed a clear‐sky 3‐dimensional sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effect (3DSTSRE) parameterization scheme based on the mountain radiation theory with full consideration of the influences of 3‐dimensional configuration of terrains. Results show that the 3DSTSRE scheme achieves the equivalent effect of the downward SSR flux at the model grids derived from those explicitly calculated at the sub‐grids without reducing the calculating efficiency of numerical models. It performs well at model grids with different horizontal resolutions. The instant downward SSR flux calculated by the 3DSTSRE scheme at 76.8%, 84.8%, 88.7%, 91.6%, 93.0%, and 87.1% model grids with the horizontal resolution of 0.025°, 0.05°, 0.1°, 0.2°, 0.4°, and 0.8° in the areas featured by complex terrains shows relative errors within ±1.0% against those derived from the explicit calculations at sub‐grids, respectively. The normalized mean absolute errors of the instant downward SSR flux calculated by the 3DSTSRE scheme are below 1% (2%) throughout the day and the year for the model grids with resolutions ranging from 0.05° to 0.8° (of 0.025°). Although the performance of 3DSTSRE scheme decreases slightly under the conditions with much lower solar zenith angle and finer model horizontal resolution, the 3DSTSRE scheme developed in current study shows broad application prospects in various numerical models with the advantages of a solid physical foundation, high accuracy, strong portability and flexibility.
Roles of Relative Humidity and Particle Size on Chemical Aging of Tropical Peatland Burning Particles: Potential Influence of Phase State and Implications for Hygroscopic Property
Authors: Chen Jing , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Itoh Masayuki , Kuwata Mikinori
Published: July 2022

Peatland fires in Southeast Asia are an important source of primary organic aerosol (POA). Chemical aging of POA in the atmosphere produces oxygenated POA (OPOA). The OPOA production influences optical and hygroscopic properties, modulating the regional climate. However, the roles of environmental parameters such as relative humidity (RH) on chemical aging of peatland burning particles have rarely been investigated. Utilizing the potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor, we conducted laboratory experiments for POA aging of particles generated from smoldering combustions of surface peat, fern, and Acacia leaves. The corresponding experiments for secondary organic aerosol formation were also separately conducted. Properties and chemical compositions of the resulting particle were quantified by both the hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer and time‐of‐flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF‐ACSM). Conversion of peat combustion from POA to OPOA was pronounced when RH in the PAM reactor was higher. Considering that previous electromicroscopic observations demonstrated that peat combustion POA is likely (semi)solid, we postulate that oxidation of fresh peatland burning particles is faster at an elevated RH due to reduced viscosity following hygroscopic growth. Hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of aged POA particles linearly correlated with the mass fraction of OPOA that was quantified by the ToF‐ACSM. The above results highlight the importance of simultaneously measuring the chemical aging and particle phase state of peatland burning POA for quantifying their climatic impacts.
Thermophysical Properties of Lunar Irregular Mare Patches From LRO Diviner Radiometer Data
Authors: Byron B. D. , Elder C. M. , Williams J.‐P. , Ghent R. R. , Gallinger C. L. , Hayne P. O. , Paige D. A.
Published: July 2022

Irregular mare patches (IMPs) are enigmatic features in the lunar maria that are characterized as having smooth mounds surrounded by uneven or blocky terrain. The IMPs appear anomalously young compared to surrounding maria, with crater counting methods estimating IMPs to be <100 Myr old and established measures of maturity showing that IMPs are relatively immature. Some studies propose that IMPs are the result of recent basaltic volcanism or episodic outgassing of volatiles, while others propose that the IMPs are of a similar age to the surrounding maria and appear geologically young due to unique physical properties resulting from late‐stage eruption dynamics. Here we present observations from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment for eight of the largest IMPs. We find that IMPs are slightly rockier than typical mare surfaces, and the fines components of a number of IMPs have relatively low thermal inertia. The IMP Ina has noticeably lower thermal inertia than the other IMPs. We suggest that the other IMPs (which in many cases are smaller and have ambiguous or gradational contacts with the surrounding maria) could contain similarly low thermal inertia material as Ina, but that it is not fully resolvable with Diviner. We interpret lower‐thermal inertia material as being less‐consolidated or containing fewer small rocks than typical regolith. This would be consistent with elements of a number of proposed formation hypotheses; however, higher spatial resolution is needed for a full comparison of the thermophysical properties of the different IMPs and different terrains within each IMP.
A convolutional neural network highlights mutations relevant to antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Green Anna G. , Yoon Chang Ho , Chen Michael L. , Ektefaie Yasha , Fina Mack , Freschi Luca , Gröschel Matthias I. , Kohane Isaac , Beam Andrew , Farhat Maha
Published: July 2022

Long diagnostic wait times hinder international efforts to address antibiotic resistance inM. tuberculosis. Pathogen whole genome sequencing, coupled with statistical and machine learning models, offers a promising solution. However, generalizability and clinical adoption have been limited by a lack of interpretability, especially in deep learning methods. Here, we present two deep convolutional neural networks that predict antibiotic resistance phenotypes ofM. tuberculosisisolates: a multi-drug CNN (MD-CNN), that predicts resistance to 13 antibiotics based on 18 genomic loci, with AUCs 82.6-99.5% and higher sensitivity than state-of-the-art methods; and a set of 13 single-drug CNNs (SD-CNN) with AUCs 80.1-97.1% and higher specificity than the previous state-of-the-art. Using saliency methods to evaluate the contribution of input sequence features to the SD-CNN predictions, we identify 18 sites in the genome not previously associated with resistance. The CNN models permit functional variant discovery, biologically meaningful interpretation, and clinical applicability.
Humidity response in Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons requires the mechanosensitive channel TMEM63
Authors: Li Songling , Li Bingxue , Gao Li , Wang Jingwen , Yan Zhiqiang
Published: July 2022

Birds, reptiles and insects have the ability to discriminate humidity levels that influence their survival and geographic distribution. Insects are particularly susceptible to humidity changes due to high surface area to volume ratios, but it remains unclear how humidity sensors transduce humidity signals. Here we identified Or42b-expressing olfactory sensory neurons, which are required for moisture attraction in Drosophila. The sensilla housing Or42b neurons show cuticular deformations upon moist air stimuli, indicating a conversion of humidity into mechanical force. Accordingly, we found Or42b neurons directly respond to humidity changes and rely on the mechanosensitive ion channel TMEM63 to mediate humidity sensing (hygrosensation). Expressing human TMEM63B in Tmem63 mutant flies rescued their defective phenotype in moisture attraction, demonstrating functional conservation. Thus, our results reveal a role of Tmem63 in hygrosensation and support the strategy to detect humidity by transforming it into a mechanical stimulus, which is unique in sensory transduction.
Photo-tailored heterocrystalline covalent organic framework membranes for organics separation
Authors: Yuan Jinqiu , You Xinda , Khan Niaz Ali , Li Runlai , Zhang Runnan , Shen Jianliang , Cao Li , Long Mengying , Liu Yanan , Xu Zijian , Wu Hong , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: July 2022

Organics separation for purifying and recycling environment-detrimental solvents is essential to sustainable chemical industries. Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes hold great promise in affording precise and fast organics separation. Nonetheless, how to well coordinate facile processing—high crystalline structure—high separation performance remains a critical issue and a grand challenge. Herein, we propose a concept of heterocrystalline membrane which comprises high-crystalline regions and low-crystalline regions. The heterocrystalline COF membranes are fabricated by a two-step procedure, i.e., dark reaction for the construction of high-crystalline regions followed by photo reaction for the construction of low-crystalline regions, thus linking the high-crystalline regions tightly and flexibly, blocking the defect in high-crystalline regions. Accordingly, the COF membrane exhibits sharp molecular sieving properties with high organic solvent permeance up to 44-times higher than the state-of-the-art membranes.
Endosomal LC3C-pathway selectively targets plasma membrane cargo for autophagic degradation
Authors: Coelho Paula P. , Hesketh Geoffrey G. , Pedersen Annika , Kuzmin Elena , Fortier Anne-Marie N. , Bell Emily S. , Ratcliffe Colin D. H. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Park Morag
Published: July 2022

Autophagy selectively targets cargo for degradation, yet mechanistic understanding remains incomplete. The ATG8-family plays key roles in autophagic cargo recruitment. Here by mapping the proximal interactome of ATG8-paralogs, LC3B and LC3C, we uncover a LC3C-Endocytic-Associated-Pathway (LEAP) that selectively recruits plasma-membrane (PM) cargo to autophagosomes. We show that LC3C localizes to peripheral endosomes and engages proteins that traffic between PM, endosomes and autophagosomes, including the SNARE-VAMP3 and ATG9, a transmembrane protein essential for autophagy. We establish that endocytic LC3C binds cargo internalized from the PM, including the Met receptor tyrosine kinase and transferrin receptor, and is necessary for their recruitment into ATG9 vesicles targeted to sites of autophagosome initiation. Structure-function analysis identified that LC3C-endocytic localization and engagement with PM-cargo requires the extended carboxy-tail unique to LC3C, the TBK1 kinase, and TBK1-phosphosites on LC3C. These findings identify LEAP as an unexpected LC3C-dependent pathway, providing new understanding of selective coupling of PM signalling with autophagic degradation.
Unveiling the S=3/2 Kitaev honeycomb spin liquids
Authors: Jin Hui-Ke , Natori W. M. H. , Pollmann F. , Knolle J.
Published: July 2022

The S=3/2 Kitaev honeycomb model (KHM) is a quantum spin liquid (QSL) state coupled to a static Z2 gauge field. Employing an SO(6) Majorana representation of spin3/2’s, we find an exact representation of the conserved plaquette fluxes in terms of static Z2 gauge fields akin to the S=1/2 KHM which enables us to treat the remaining interacting matter fermion sector in a parton mean-field theory. We uncover a ground-state phase diagram consisting of gapped and gapless QSLs. Our parton description is in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations, and is furthermore corroborated by the addition of a [001] single ion anisotropy (SIA) which continuously connects the gapless Dirac QSL of our model with that of the S=1/2 KHM. In the presence of a weak [111] SIA, we discuss an emergent chiral QSL within a perturbation theory.
Adenine oligomer directed synthesis of chiral gold nanoparticles
Authors: Cho Nam Heon , Kim Young Bi , Lee Yoon Young , Im Sang Won , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Kim Jeong Won , Namgung Seok Daniel , Lee Hye-Eun , Kim Hyeohn , Han Jeong Hyun , Chung Hye Won , Lee Yoon Ho , Han Jeong Woo , Nam Ki Tae
Published: July 2022

Precise control of morphology and optical response of 3-dimensional chiral nanoparticles remain as a significant challenge. This work demonstrates chiral gold nanoparticle synthesis using single-stranded oligonucleotide as a chiral shape modifier. The homo-oligonucleotide composed of Adenine nucleobase specifically show a distinct chirality development with a dissymmetric factor up to g ~ 0.04 at visible wavelength, whereas other nucleobases show no development of chirality. The synthesized nanoparticle shows a counter-clockwise rotation of generated chiral arms with approximately 200 nm edge length. The molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations reveal that Adenine shows the highest enantioselective interaction with Au(321)R/S facet in terms of binding orientation and affinity. This is attributed to the formation of sequence-specific intra-strand hydrogen bonding between nucleobases. We also found that different sequence programming of Adenine-and Cytosine-based oligomers result in chiral gold nanoparticles’ morphological and optical change. These results extend our understanding of the biomolecule-directed synthesis of chiral gold nanoparticles to sequence programmable deoxyribonucleic acid and provides a foundation for programmable synthesis of chiral gold nanoparticles.
Acceptor engineering for NIR-II dyes with high photochemical and biomedical performance
Authors: Ji Aiyan , Lou Hongyue , Qu Chunrong , Lu Wanglong , Hao Yifan , Li Jiafeng , Wu Yuyang , Chang Tonghang , Chen Hao , Cheng Zhen
Published: July 2022

It is highly important and challenging to develop donor-acceptor-donor structured small-molecule second near-infrared window (NIR-II) dyes with excellent properties such as water-solubility and chem/photostability. Here, we discovery an electron acceptor, 6,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQT) with highest stability in alkaline conditions, compared with conventional NIR-II building block benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) and 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (PTQ). The sulfonated hydrophilic dye, FT-TQT, is further synthesized with 2.13-fold increased quantum yield than its counterpart FT-BBT with BBT as acceptor. FT-TQT complexed with FBS is also prepared and displays a 16-fold increase in fluorescence intensity compared to FT-TQT alone. It demonstrates real-time cerebral and tumor vessel imaging capability with µm-scale resolution. Dynamic monitoring of tumor vascular disruption after drug treatment is achieved by NIR-II fluorescent imaging. Overall, TQT is an efficient electron acceptor for designing innovative NIR-II dyes. The acceptor engineering strategy provides a promising approach to design next generation of NIR-II fluorophores which open new biomedical applications.
Structure induced laminar vortices control anomalous dispersion in porous media
Authors: Bordoloi Ankur Deep , Scheidweiler David , Dentz Marco , Bouabdellaoui Mohammed , Abbarchi Marco , de Anna Pietro
Published: July 2022

Natural porous systems, such as soil, membranes, and biological tissues comprise disordered structures characterized by dead-end pores connected to a network of percolating channels. The release and dispersion of particles, solutes, and microorganisms from such features is key for a broad range of environmental and medical applications including soil remediation, filtration and drug delivery. Yet, owing to the stagnant and opaque nature of these disordered systems, the role of microscopic structure and flow on the dispersion of particles and solutes remains poorly understood. Here, we use a microfluidic model system that features a pore structure characterized by distributed dead-ends to determine how particles are transported, retained and dispersed. We observe strong tailing of arrival time distributions at the outlet of the medium characterized by power-law decay with an exponent of 2/3. Using numerical simulations and an analytical model, we link this behavior to particles initially located within dead-end pores, and explain the tailing exponent with a hopping across and rolling along the streamlines of vortices within dead-end pores. We quantify such anomalous dispersal by a stochastic model that predicts the full evolution of arrival times. Our results demonstrate how microscopic flow structures can impact macroscopic particle transport.
Olfactory modulation of barrel cortex activity during active whisking and passive whisker stimulation
Authors: Renard Anthony , Harrell Evan R. , Bathellier Brice
Published: July 2022

Rodents depend on olfaction and touch to meet many of their fundamental needs. However, the impact of simultaneous olfactory and tactile inputs on sensory representations in the cortex remains elusive. To study these interactions, we recorded large populations of barrel cortex neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed mice during olfactory and tactile stimulation. Here we show that odors bidirectionally alter activity in a small but significant population of barrel cortex neurons through at least two mechanisms, first by enhancing whisking, and second by a central mechanism that persists after whisking is abolished by facial nerve sectioning. Odor responses have little impact on tactile information, and they are sufficient for decoding odor identity, while behavioral parameters like whisking, sniffing, and facial movements are not odor identity-specific. Thus, barrel cortex activity encodes specific olfactory information that is not linked with odor-induced changes in behavior.
Metabolomics-guided discovery of cytochrome P450s involved in pseudotropine-dependent biosynthesis of modified tropane alkaloids
Authors: Sadre Radin , Anthony Thilani M. , Grabar Josh M. , Bedewitz Matthew A. , Jones A. Daniel , Barry Cornelius S.
Published: July 2022

Plant alkaloids constitute an important class of bioactive chemicals with applications in medicine and agriculture. However, the knowledge gap of the diversity and biosynthesis of phytoalkaloids prevents systematic advances in biotechnology for engineered production of these high-value compounds. In particular, the identification of cytochrome P450s driving the structural diversity of phytoalkaloids has remained challenging. Here, we use a combination of reverse genetics with discovery metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis followed by in planta transient assays to investigate alkaloid diversity and functionally characterize two candidate cytochrome P450s genes from Atropa belladonna without a priori knowledge of their functions or information regarding the identities of key pathway intermediates. This approach uncovered a largely unexplored root localized alkaloid sub-network that relies on pseudotropine as precursor. The two cytochrome P450s catalyze N-demethylation and ring-hydroxylation reactions within the early steps in the biosynthesis of diverse N-demethylated modified tropane alkaloids.
A single respiratory tract infection early in life reroutes healthy microbiome development and affects adult metabolism in a preclinical animal model
Authors: Yildiz Soner , Mazel-Sanchez Beryl , Bonifacio Joao P. P. , Schmolke Mirco
Published: July 2022

In adult animals, acute viral infections only temporarily alter the composition of both respiratory and intestinal commensal microbiota, potentially due to the intrinsic stability of this microbial ecosystem. In stark contrast, commensal bacterial communities are rather vulnerable to perturbation in infancy. Animal models proved that disruption of a balanced microbiota development e.g., by antibiotics treatment early in life, increases the probability for metabolic disorders in adults. Importantly, infancy is also a phase in life with high incidence of acute infections. We postulated that acute viral infections in early life might pose a similarly severe perturbation and permanently shape microbiota composition with long-term physiological consequences for the adult host. As a proof of concept, we infected infant mice with a sub-lethal dose of influenza A virus. We determined microbiota composition up to early adulthood (63 days) from small intestine by 16S rRNA gene-specific next-generation sequencing. Infected mice underwent long-lasting changes in microbiota composition, associated with increase in fat mass. High-fat-high-glucose diet promoted this effect while co-housing with mock-treated animals overwrote the weight gain. Our data suggest that in the critical phase of infancy even a single silent viral infection could cast a long shadow and cause long-term microbiota perturbations, affecting adult host physiology.
PSHG-TISS: A collection of polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy images of fixed tissues
Authors: Hristu Radu , Stanciu Stefan G. , Dumitru Adrian , Eftimie Lucian G. , Paun Bogdan , Tranca Denis E. , Gheorghita Pavel , Costache Mariana , Stanciu George A.
Published: July 2022

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is acknowledged as an established imaging technique capable to provide information on the collagen architecture in tissues that is highly valuable for the diagnostics of various pathologies. The polarization-resolved extension of SHG (PSHG) microscopy, together with associated image processing methods, retrieves extensive image sets under different input polarization settings, which are not fully exploited in clinical settings. To facilitate this, we introduce PSHG-TISS, a collection of PSHG images, accompanied by additional computationally generated images which can be used to complement the subjective qualitative analysis of SHG images. These latter have been calculated using the single-axis molecule model for collagen and provide 2D representations of different specific PSHG parameters known to account for the collagen structure and distribution. PSHG-TISS can aid refining existing PSHG image analysis methods, while also supporting the development of novel image processing and analysis methods capable to extract meaningful quantitative data from the raw PSHG image sets. PSHG-TISS can facilitate the breadth and widespread of PSHG applications in tissue analysis and diagnostics.