bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Machining
Authors: Lievestro Terry L.
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is the controlled removal of metal by anodic dissolution in an electrolytic cell in which the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode. This article begins with a description of the ECM system and then discusses the primary variables that affect current density and the material removal rate in the ECM process. It reviews the various characteristics of electrolytes and considers tool material and design. It also provides an overview of the properties of the workpiece and defines the surface finish and accuracy of an electrochemically machined sample. The variety of work done by electrochemical machining is also exemplified in the article.
Chemical Milling
Authors: Langworthy Eugene M.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the principal process steps, specifications, defects, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of chemical milling (CM) in aerospace industries. The process steps include precleaning, masking, scribing, etching, final cleaning, stripping, and mechanical finishing. The article describes the variables that affect undercut and surface finish obtained by CM. The mechanical properties of chemically milled parts are also discussed.
Numerical Control
Authors: Koren Yoram
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the evolution of computer numerical control and direct numerical control for machine tools. It describes the fundamentals and advantages of numerical control (NC) systems. The article reviews the manual or computer assisted off-line programming methods for programming the tools with the aid of the automatically programmed tool language. It also explains point-to-point and continuous-path or contouring of NC systems and the adaptive systems used for NC.
Machining of Stainless Steels
Authors: Kosa Ted , Ney Ronald P.
Published: December 2018

The machinability of stainless steels varies from low to very high, depending on the final choice of the alloy. This article discusses general material and machining characteristics of stainless steel. It briefly describes the classes of stainless steel, such as ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardenable alloys. The article examines the role of additives, such as sulfur, selenium, tellurium, lead, bismuth, and certain oxides, in improving machining performance. It provides ways to minimize difficulties involved in the traditional machining of stainless steels. The article describes turning, drilling, tapping, milling, broaching, reaming, and grinding operations on stainless steel. It concludes with information on some of the nontraditional machining techniques, including abrasive jet machining, abrasive waterjet machining electrochemical machining, electron beam machining, and plasma arc machining.
Machining of Beryllium
Authors: Gallagher Douglas V. , Hardesty R.E.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the properties of beryllium metals that require special attention when machining. It provides information on the considerations of S65 and selects 65 beryllium materials that are used for conducting tool wear studies and surface damage studies. The article highlights some of the precautions to be followed while machining beryllium metals. Information on the cutting oils, cutting tools, and speeds and feeds used in turning the beryllium are also provided. The article describes the chemical milling and photochemical machining methods that are used for etching beryllium components.
Machining of Uranium and Uranium Alloys
Authors: Aris James A.
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the basic metallurgy and machining parameters of classes of depleted and enriched uranium alloys. It provides information on the health precautions applicable to the machining of depleted uranium alloys. The article also discusses tool wear and the types of tools used in uranium alloy machining.
Machining of Metal-Matrix Composites and Honeycomb Structures
Authors: Chandler Harry E.
Published: December 2018

This article presents general guidelines for machining metal matrix composites (MMC) and honeycomb structures. It provides guidelines for machining of specific MMCs, namely, aluminum-boron, aluminum-SiC, aluminum-Al2O3, and titanium-SiC MMCs. In addition, the article discusses the various parameters influencing drilling of dissimilar-material laminates.
Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Fivel Marc , Franc Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2018

This article provides an overview of cavitation erosion with a specific focus on the estimation of mass loss. It describes the mechanisms of cavitation erosion and the types of laboratory devices to evaluate the resistance to cavitation erosion of materials. The laboratory devices include rotating disks, vibratory devices, cavitating liquid jets, and high-speed cavitation tunnels. The article discusses materials selection and surface protection to prevent cavitation erosion. It reviews the fluid-structure interaction that plays a role in cavitation erosion particularly for compliant materials. The article provides information on the numerical prediction of cavitation erosion damage by the finite element method (FEM).
Radionuclide Methods
Authors: Jech Martin , Lenauer Claudia
Published: December 2018

Radionuclide methods for wear measurement are used to measure wear continuously throughout a tribological experiment at a resolution of nanometers or micrograms per hour. This article presents an overview of radionuclide methods for wear measurement. It discusses complementary wear measurement methods to introduce the advantages of using radioactive isotopes (RI) for wear or corrosion measurements in comparison to other methods. The article provides information on radiation safety regulations and approaches to minimize external radiation exposure. It describes neutron activation, thin layer or surface layer activation, and ultrathin layer or recoil activation that are used to create radioactive isotopes in the samples to be tested. The article reviews the two common types of wear measurement setup configurations: the direct method and the indirect method. It concludes with a discussion on the practical application of wear measurement using radioactive isotopes.
Industrial Significance of Fatigue Problems
Authors: Hoeppner David W.
Published: December 2018

This article provides ASTM standard definitions for fatigue and describes the approaches that are used to design finite or infinite life, used in a complementary sense in fatigue design. It explains four distinct phases of fatigue: nucleation, structurally dependent crack propagation, crack propagation, and final instability. The article discusses the significant role that fatigue plays in industrial design applications.
Fatigue Crack Thresholds
Authors: McEvily A.J.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the types of closure mechanisms, including plasticity-induced, roughness-induced, oxide-induced, and fretting-debris-induced. It discusses test techniques used to establish a valid threshold value for aluminum alloy crack growth thresholds, steel crack growth thresholds, and titanium alloy crack growth thresholds. The near-threshold behavior of nickel-base superalloys is described. The article briefly reviews the threshold results for fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, and particulate-re-inforced metal-matrix alloys. It explains the near-threshold fatigue crack propagation in welded joints and the fundamental considerations for modeling threshold behavior. The article concludes with a discussion on the effects of thresholds in the engineering design process.
Effect of Crack Shape on Fatigue Crack Growth
Authors: Ravichandran K.S.
Published: December 2018

This article summarizes the aspects of crack shape and irregularity that are relevant to fatigue and fracture of surface cracks. It discusses the nature of three-dimensional surface cracks and variables that influence crack shape. These variables include the grain size, residual stresses, texture, loading mode, environment, and crack coalescence. Measurement of crack shapes or aspect ratios during fatigue crack growth can be performed by a number of techniques. The article describes the estimation of the stress-intensity factor for arbitrarily-shaped cracks and failure prediction methods for arbitrarily-shaped flaws.
Detection and Monitoring of Fatigue Cracks
Authors: Shanmugham S. , Liaw P.K.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the test techniques that are available for monitoring crack initiation and crack growth and for obtaining information on fatigue damage in test specimens. These techniques include optical methods, the compliance method, electric potential measurement, and gel electrode imaging methods. The article discusses the magnetic techniques that are primarily used as inspection techniques for detecting fatigue cracks in structural components. It details the principles and operation procedures of the liquid penetrant methods, positron annihilation techniques, acoustic emission techniques, ultrasonic methods, eddy current techniques, infrared techniques, exoelectron methods, and gamma radiography. The article explains the microscopy methods used to determine fatigue crack initiation and propagation. These include electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning acoustic microscopy. The article also reviews the X-ray diffraction technique used for determining the compositional changes, strain changes, and residual stress evaluation during the fatigue process.
Factors Influencing Weldment Fatigue
Authors: Lawrence F.V. , Dimitrakis S.D. , Munse W.H.
Published: December 2018

This article examines the factors influencing the fatigue behavior of an individual weldment, using extensive experimental data and a computer model, which simulates the fatigue resistance of weldments. It discusses the process of fatigue in weldments. The service conditions, which favor long crack growth and the conditions, which favor crack nucleation are contrasted. The article presents experimental data, which is used to show the effect of weldment geometry on fatigue resistance. Several useful geometry classification systems are compared. The article analyzes a computer model, which is employed to investigate the behavior of two hypothetical weldments, namely, a discontinuity-containing weldment and a discontinuity-free weldment.
Effect of Surface Conditions and Processing on Fatigue Performance
Authors: Leis Brian
Published: December 2018

This article presents an approach to characterize the effects of surface treatments to enhance fatigue properties, with particular concern for wear, corrosion, and thermal effects. It discusses the considerations in selecting fabrication or subsequent surface processing procedures to improve fatigue resistance in terms of their respective effects on fatigue performance. The article details the experimental data sets representing specific materials, typical test geometries, and a range of different processing methods used to enhance resistance as compared to results for laboratory tests.
Fatigue and Fracture Control for Powder Metallurgy Components
Authors: German Randall M. , Queeney Richard A.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the fracture and fatigue properties of powder metallurgy (P/M) materials depending on the microstructure. It describes the effects of porosity on the P/M processes relevant to fatigue and fracture resistance. The article details the factors determining fatigue and fracture resistance of P/M materials. It reviews the methods employed to improve fatigue and fracture resistance, including carbonitriding, surface strengthening and sealing treatments, shot-peening, case hardening, repressing and resintering, coining, sizing, and postsintering heat treatments. Safety factors for P/M materials are also detailed.
Fatigue and Life Prediction of Bearings
Authors: Moyer Charles
Published: December 2018

This article provides information on the nominal compositions of high-carbon bearing steels and carburizing bearing steels. It discusses the bearing fundamentals with emphasis on surface contact, stresses, and fatigue life of bearings. The article describes bearing life prediction using three factors, namely, reliability, material, and application. It analyzes the bearing damage modes and concludes with information on fatigue failure considerations.
The Practice of Damage Tolerance Analysis
Authors: Broek David
Published: December 2018

Damage tolerance analysis consists of three parts such as the calculation of the residual strength diagram to obtain the permissible crack size, calculation of the crack growth curve, and calculation of the inspection interval. This article discusses the aspects of obtaining material property data and geometry factors to analyze any fracture or crack growth problem. It describes the integration of crack growth rates in terms of constant-amplitude loading and cycle-by-cycle counting with variable-amplitude loading. The article concludes with information on the classification of sources of error in damage tolerance analysis.
The U.S. Air Force Approach to Aircraft Damage Tolerant Design
Authors: Kaplan Mitchell P. , Lincoln John W.
Published: December 2018

The inclusion of damage tolerance design and a systematic review of design procedures allow the U.S. Air Force to design, manufacture, and maintain systems that are structurally safe and economically prudent. After a brief introduction of fracture mechanics, this article describes the particular aspects that relate to damage tolerance in aircraft design. It discusses the use of fracture mechanics as a method of predicting failure, understanding failure mechanisms, and suggesting inspection methods to protect against failure in pressure vessels. Various programs of U.S. Air Force to design aircraft structure, namely, airframe structural integrity programs, engine structural integrity program, and mechanical subsystems structural integrity program are also discussed.
Fatigue Resistance and Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys
Authors: Landgraf Ronald W.
Published: December 2018

This article reviews general trends in the cyclic response for representative commercial alloys to establish the spectrum of cyclic properties attainable through microstructural alteration. Individual alloy classes are examined in detail to assess the understanding of relationships between microstructure and fatigue resistance. These alloys classes include ferritic-pearlitic alloys, martensitic alloys, maraging steels, and metastable austenitic alloys. The article also discusses the role of internal defects and selective surface processing in influencing fatigue performance.
Bending Fatigue of Carburized Steels
Authors: Krauss George
Published: December 2018

Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface oxidation, retained austenite, subzero cooling, residual stresses, and shot peening. The article describes the analysis of bending fatigue behavior of the steels based on S-N curves that represents a stress-based approach to fatigue. It discusses the types of specimen used to evaluate bending fatigue in carburized steels. The stages of fatigue and fracture of the steels, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation, are reviewed. The article analyzes the intergranular fracture at the prior-austenite grain boundaries of high-carbon case microstructures that dominates bending fatigue crack initiation and unstable crack propagation of direct-quenched carburized steels.
Fatigue Strength of Aluminum Alloy Welds
Authors: Crompton Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2018

This article briefly reviews the factors that affect the fatigue strength of aluminum alloy weldments. It discusses a number of factors influencing the fatigue performance of welded aluminum joints. The article describes the effects of fatigue behavior on weldments based on parent alloy selection, weld joint configuration, and residual stress. The two categories of techniques that can result in improved fatigue life, such as modification of weld toe geometry and introduction of compressive residual stresses in the surface material, are detailed. The article analyzes the influence of section size on fatigue performance of aluminum alloy weldments.
Toughening and Strengthening Models for Nominally Brittle Materials
Authors: Evans A.G.
Published: December 2018

The design of structural components with nominally brittle materials is largely determined by their elastic moduli, density, and tensile strength. This article discusses some of the factors involved in the design and reliability through considerations of toughness and ductility of nominally brittle materials. It describes toughening by various bridging mechanisms, as well as process zone effects and their interaction with the bridging rupture zone. The article explains the phenomena that give rise to exceptional toughness and notch-insensitive mechanical behavior. It provides a schematic illustration of a basic cell model to characterize the inelastic strains that occur in ceramic-matrix composites and their dependence on the interface friction.
Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of Glasses
Authors: Varner James R.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the fracture behavior of silicate glasses, more specifically, soda-lime-silicate glass, borosilicate glass and vitreous silica. It analyzes the testing and calculation of dynamic fatigue and slow-crack-growth for lifetime prediction of glasses. The article illustrates the phenomenon of static fatigue and concludes with a discussion on the role of surface damage in strength and fatigue behavior.
Conceptual and Configuration Design of Parts
Authors: Dixon John R.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the conceptual and configuration design of special-purpose parts that are designed and manufactured especially for use in a particular application. It provides a discussion on the issues considered in designing of parts, including, functionality; the relationship of the part to the whole assembly or subassembly; material and process selection; configuration; and tolerances. The article discusses the qualitative physical reasoning and qualitative reasoning that assist in developing part configuration alternatives.
Reliability in Design
Authors: Smith Charles O.
Published: December 2018

Reliability is a measure of the capacity of equipment or systems to operate without failure in the service environment. This article focuses on reliability in design and presents equations governing the instantaneous failure rate, general reliability function, mean time to failure, mean time between failures, and useful life period. The article describes the calculation of reliabilities for series and parallel arrangements of a complex system. It provides a comparison of probabilistic and deterministic design and concludes with a discussion on reliability growth.
Human Factors in Design
Authors: Smith Charles O.
Published: December 2018

The central approach of human factors engineering is the systemic application of relevant information about human characteristics and behavior to the design of human-made objects, facilities, and environments that people use. This article focuses on the elements that are considered for an acceptable level of human performance. These include the state or condition of the human being; the activity, including equipment and required tools; and the context in which the activity is performed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: O'Rourke Peter J. , Haworth Daniel C. , Ranganathan Raj
Published: December 2018

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is reserved for computationally intensive three-dimensional simulations of thermal fluids systems where nonlinear momentum transport plays an important role. This article presents the governing equations of fluid dynamics and an introduction to the CFD techniques for their solution. It introduces discretization techniques that are used by finite-difference, finite-volume, finite-element, spectral, and some particle methods. Associated concepts of numerical stability and accuracy are also reviewed. The article describes two approaches for grid generation with complex geometries: the use of unstructured grids and the use of special differencing methods on structured grids. The article describes the four-step procedures of the CFD process: geometry acquisition, grid generation and problem specification, flow solution, and post-processing and synthesis. It provides information on the applications of the engineering CFD. Issues and directions for the engineering CFD are also described.
Overview of the Materials Selection Process
Authors: Dieter George E.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the process of materials selection in relation to the design process, such as materials selection for a new design and materials substitution for an existing design. It reviews the performance characteristics of materials using prototype tests or field tests to determine their performance under actual service conditions. The article describes the selection of a material in relation to the manufacturing process and presents the factors that influence materials selection based on costs and related aspects. These factors include metallurgical requirements, dimensions, processing, quantity, packing, marking, and loading. The article discusses how the needs for materials data evolve as a design proceeds from conceptual to detail design. It describes the methods of materials selection, namely, cost per unit property method, weighted property index method, and limits on properties method.
Material Property Charts
Authors: Ashby M.F.
Published: December 2018

Properties of an engineering material have a characteristic range of values that are conveniently displayed on materials selection charts. This article describes the plotting of data on these charts. It discusses the features of various types of material property charts, namely, modulus-density, strength-density, fracture toughness-density, modulus-strength, specific stiffness-specific strength, fracture toughness-modulus, fracture toughness-strength, loss coefficient-modulus, thermal conductivity-thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion-thermal conductivity, thermal expansion-modulus, and normalized strength-thermal expansion charts. The article examines the use of material property charts in presenting information in a compact and easily accessible manner.
Performance Indices
Authors: Ashby M.F.
Published: December 2018

This article defines performance indices in a formal way and specifies how they are derived. The performance indices for a light, strong tie and a light, stiff beam are presented. The article presents two case studies that illustrate the use of material indices, shape factors, and selection charts to select materials.
Decision Matrices in Materials Selection
Authors: Bourell David L.
Published: December 2018

In materials selection, a decision matrix method refers to any formalized procedure by which materials are ranked prior to a selection decision. This article describes the advantages and limitations of decision matrix methods, as well as the steps involved, with examples. The methods include the Pugh method, the Dominic method, and the Pahl and Beitz method. The article discusses the three important concepts in decision making: alternatives (candidate materials), criteria (objectives), and weighting factors.
Use of Failure Analysis in Materials Selection
Authors: Vander Voort George F.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the relationship between failure analysis and materials selection and a basic procedure for performing a failure analysis. It discusses the methods for analyzing failures to improve materials selection and presents examples that illustrate the use of failure analysis in materials selection and materials development/refinement.
Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Irons and Steels
Authors: Bramfitt Bruce L.
Published: December 2018

The properties of irons and steels are linked to the chemical composition, processing path, and resulting microstructure of the material. Processing is a means to develop and control microstructure by hot rolling, quenching, and so forth. This article describes the role of these factors in both theoretical and practical terms, with particular focus on the role of microstructure in various irons. These include bainite, pearlite, ferfite, martensite, austenite, ferrite-pearlite, ferrite-cementite, ferrite-martensite, graphite, and cementite. The article discusses the evolution of microstructural change in rail steels, cast iron, and steel sheet. It contains tables that list the mechanical properties and compositions of selected steels. The article also discusses the basis of material selection of irons and steels.
Effects of Composition, Processing, and Structure on Properties of Engineering Plastics
Authors: Baker A.-M.M. , Barry C.M.F.
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the most fundamental building-block level, atomic level, molecular considerations, intermolecular structures, and supermolecular issues. It contains a table that shows the structures and lists the properties of selected commodity and engineering plastics. The article describes the effects of structure on thermal and mechanical properties. It reviews the chemical, optical, and electrical properties of engineering plastics and commodity plastics. An explanation of important physical properties, many of which are unique to polymers, is also included. The factors that must be considered when processing engineering thermoplastics are discussed. These include melt viscosity and melt strength; crystallization; orientation, die swell, shrinkage, and molded-in stress; polymer degradation; and polymer blends.
Sources of Materials Property Data and Information
Authors: Westbrook Jack H.
Published: December 2018

This article examines material property data and the information needs at various points in the design, manufacture, and use cycle. It contains a table that lists the various sources of materials data. The article describes locating media for sources of data such as suppliers of databases and internet. It discusses the types of sources of data, including computer readable media, data centers, and print media. The article also reviews the methods for evaluation and interpretation of data and examines the processes of obtaining and reporting test data.
Properties Needed for the Design of Static Structures
Authors: Farag Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2018

This article provides a schematic illustration of factors that should be considered in component design. It discusses the effect of component geometry on the behavior of materials and groups the main parameters that affect the value of the factor of safety. The article illustrates the estimation of probability of failure with an example. It reviews the designing and selection of materials for static strength and stiffness. The article also describes the causes of failure of engineering components, including design deficiencies, poor selection of materials, and manufacturing defects.
Design for Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Sanderow Howard I.
Published: December 2018

This article begins with a discussion on general powder metallurgy design considerations that assist in the selection of the appropriate processing method. It reviews powder processing techniques, conventional press-and-sinter methods, and full-density processes to understand the design restrictions of each powder processing method. The article provides comparison of powder processing methods based on their similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages. It concludes with a discussion on design issues for the components of powder processing technologies.
Design for Surface Finishing
Authors: Brooman Eric W.
Published: December 2018

This article presents general design principles for different types of surface-finishing processes, such as cleaning, organic coatings, and inorganic coatings applied by a variety of techniques. It discusses the factors that influence the selection of surface-finishing processes. These include fabrication processes, size, weight, functional requirements, and design features. The article discusses the design as an integral part of manufacturing. It contains tables that summarize the design limitations for selected surface-preparation, organic finishing, and inorganic finishing processes.
Metal Additive Manufacturing—A Review
Authors: Frazier William E.
Published: December 2018

This article reviews the emerging manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free-form fabrication, three-dimensional (3-D) printing, and so on. It provides a broad contextual overview of metallic AM. The article focuses on the mechanical properties of AM-processed Ti-6Al-4V, IN-625, and IN-718. The development of closed-loop, real-time, sensing, and control systems is essential to the qualification and advancement of AM. This involves the development of coupled process-microstructural models, sensor technology, and control methods and algorithms. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts on demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. The article explores the materials science, processes, and business considerations associated with achieving these performance gains. It concludes that a paradigm shift is required to fully exploit AM potential.
Open Molding: Hand Lay-Up and Spray-Up
Authors: Andresen Finn Roger
Published: December 2018

Open molding is the method used in the polymer-matrix composites industry to make thermoset composite products. This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the open molding. It describes the various process of the open molding, such as hand lay-up process and spray-up process. Workmanship for hand lay-up and spray-up processes is reviewed. The article provides information on the matrix-resin materials used for open molding, including unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy vinyl ester resins, and reinforcements. It explains the component design and short- and long-term properties of a fiber reinforced composite laminate depending on material selection and workmanship. The article also presents the basic design guidelines for open molding.
Failure Analysis of Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Authors: Jenkins Michael G. , Singh Raj N.
Published: December 2018

Interpretation of failures of ceramic-matrix composites, and in particular continuous fiber reinforced ceramic-matrix composites is complicated by the complex structure of the composite material. This article describes the failure characteristics and evidence of failure mechanisms of these composites, with illustrations.
Carbon Fibers
Authors: Walsh Paul J.
Published: December 2018

The earliest commercial use of carbon fibers is often attributed to Thomas Edison's carbonization of cotton and bamboo fibers for incandescent lamp filaments. This article describes the manufacture of PAN-based carbon fibers and pitch-based carbon fibers. It discusses the properties and characteristics of carbon fibers in terms of axial structure, transverse structure, and interfacial bonding. The article discusses the typical applications of carbon fibers, including aerospace and sporting goods. It concludes with a discussion on anticipated developments in carbon fibers.
Modeling of Hot Tearing and Other Defects in Casting Processes
Authors: Thomas Brian G.
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the concepts involved in heat-transfer modeling, thermomechanical modeling, and microsegregation modeling of hot tearing. It discusses the modeling of solidification defects, namely, inclusion entrapment, segregation, shrinkage cavities, gas porosity, mold-wall erosion, and hot-tear cracks.
Sirkadiyen Ritmin Anaerobik Güç Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DİNÇ Nurten , HAYTA Ümit
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada da sirkadiyan ritmin gün içinde 3 farklı zaman diliminde yapılan
dikey sıçrama ve 40 metre sprint performansı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır.Manisa Celal Bayar üniversitesi Spor
Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören yaş, boy, kilo ve vücut kitle indeksleri
sırasıyla; 21,5±1,60 yıl, 178,7±5,30 cm, 74,9±7,2 kg, 23,27±1,95 kg/m2 olan 14 öğrenci çalışmaya
gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan katılımcıların gün içinde 09:00,
12:00 ve 15:00 saatlerinde 40 metre sprint ve dikey sıçrama verileri
alınmıştır. Her test 2 defa uygulanmış ve en iyi test skoru seçilmiştir. Elde
dilen veriler Spss 23 paket programın da Repeated measure yöntemi kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Anlamlılık değeri p<0,05
olarak alınmıştır.Çalışma verilerinin analizi
sonucunda saat 09:00 ve 12:00 de alınan sıçrama testi sonuçları arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunurken (p<0,05)
 saat 09:00 ve 15:00 da alınan sıçrama
testi sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Ancak saat 12:00 ve 15:00’te
alınan sıçrama test sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark
bulunmuştur (p<0,05) . Saat 09.00-
12.00 ve 15:00 de alınan 40 metre sprint koşuları arasında istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).

Sonuç olarak gün içindeki farklı
zaman dilimlerinin sıçrama performansı üzerine etkisi olduğu görülürken, 40
metre sprint üzerine bir etkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Hormonel,  beslenme, stress, gibi faktörlerin gün
içindeki farklı zaman dilimlerinde yapılan performansa etkileri olduğu
bilinmektedir.  Ayrıca
katılımcıların sedanter birey olmasının sprint teknikleri ve 40 metre sprint
performansını etkilediği düşünülmektedir.
EDİRNE VALİSİ AHMED İZZET PAŞA’NIN Mİ’RÂCİYE’Sİ
Authors: Yörür Ali
Published: December 2018

Türkler Müslüman olduktan sonra Hz. Muhammed’i çeşitli yönlerden
ele almış, farklı edebî türlere konu etmişlerdir. Başta na’t olmak üzere
mevlit, mi’râciye, hilye, hicretü’n-nebi, kırk hadis, gazavât-ı Resûlullâh gibi
eserler yazılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Hz. Muhammed’in hicretten bir-bir buçuk yıl
önce Recep ayının yirmi yedinci gecesi Mescid-i Haram’dan Mescid-i Aksâ’ya,
oradan da arş-ı âlâya çıkması mucizesi olan Miraç, divanlar ve mesneviler
içinde yer almıştır. Yine bu miraç hadisesini konu edinen mi’raç-name
veya mi’râciye adı verilen birçok manzum ve mensur müstakil eser kaleme
alınmıştır.

Çalışmamıza konu olan eser, Edirne valisi Ahmed İzzet Paşa’nın
kaside nazım biçimi ile yazılan mi’râciyesidir. Mi’râciye, 21 beyitten
oluşmakta ve şairin Divançe’sinin içinde bulunmaktadır. Divançe’nin
bilinen tek nüshası vardır ve söz konusu nüsha Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser
Kütüphanesi 22 Sel 2311 numarada kayıtlıdır. Müellif, eseri aruzun “Mefâ’îlün
Mefâ’îlün Mefâ’îlün Mefâ’îlün” kalıbıyla ve kaside nazım şekli ile
yazmıştır. Ele alınan eser, dini muhtevalı bir eser olması sebebiyle içinde pek
çok Arapça ve Farsça kelime yer almaktadır. Bu makalede miraç mucizesi, Klasik
Türk edebiyatında miraciye türü ve Edirne valisi Ahmed İzzet Paşa’nın hayatı üzerinde
durulmuş, söz konusu Mi’râciye’nin transkripsiyonlu metni ve günümüz
Türkçesiyle ifadesi verilmiş; eser biçim, muhteva, dil ve üslup açısından
incelenmiştir.
TÜRKİYE’DE SON ON YILDA İŞLENEN KADIN CİNAYETLERİ ÜZERİNE: SEBEP, SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: Yıldırım Sait
Published: December 2018

Kadın cinayetleri Türkiye’de
önemli bir toplumsal sorun olarak varlığını korumaktadır. Cinayetlerin
temelinde şiddet ve saldırganlık eğilimlerinin etkisi görülmektedir. Bu sebeple
şiddetin psikolojik boyutu cinayet eylemlerinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Saldırganlık
eğilimi birikerek bir şekilde gelişerek cinayet eylemlerine dönüşmektedir. Kadın
cinayetleri incelenirken öncelikle bireyde mevcut bulunan saldırgan
davranışların ele alınması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada şiddet ve saldırganlık
eğilimlerinin bireysel anlamda psikolojik temelleri üzerine teorik çalışmalara
değinilmektedir. Erich Fromm ve Sigmund Freud’un saldırganlık tipolojileri
kuramsal açıdan dikkate değer görülmektedir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak vaka
çalışması tercih edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de son on yılda
işlenen kadın cinayetleri ele alınmaktadır. Toplamda 2380 kadın cinayetinden
1260 vaka incelenmektedir. İncelenen vakalarda sağlıklı sonuçlar elde edilmesi
bakımından nicelik, nitelik, işleniş biçimi ve sebepleri bakımından
aydınlatılmış olması temel referans noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Cinayet
eylemlerinde failin özellikleri, öldürme biçimi, sebebi, katil ve maktul
ilişkisi dikkate alınmaktadır. Kadınların, en sık vakit geçirdiği kişiler
tarafından öldürüldü gözlenmektedir. Cinayet işleme biçiminde ateşli silahlar
yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cinayetlerde erkeğin özgürlük alanının daralması
ve erkeğin kadın üzerindeki hâkimiyetinin ortadan kalkması önemli sebepleri
oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada cinayet sebepleri üzerinden ortak odak noktaları
tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır. Kadına yönelik cinayet
eylemlerinde bireysel silahlanma ve uzun vadede cinayeti önleyici politikalar
üzerine yoğunlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı işlenen kadın cinayetleri
üzerinden vaka çalışması yaparak teorik çalışmalar ışığında bir takım çözüm
önerileri sunmaktır.
MECMUALARDAN HAREKETLE BALDIRZÂDE SELÎSÎ’NİN ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: Yıldız Enes
Published: December 2018

Klasik Türk edebiyatı
araştırmacılarının başvurdukları önemli kaynaklardan biri de şiir
mecmualarıdır. Derleyeninin ve derlendiği dönemin edebî zevk ve eğilimini
yansıtan şiir mecmualarının edebiyatımız için birçok faydası vardır. Şiir
mecmuaları sayesinde yayımlanmış divanlarda olmayan şiirler gün yüzüne çıkar.
Ayrıca divanları bulunmayan, bulunamayan şairlerin şiirleriyle mecmualarda
karşılaşabiliriz. Bu yazı bugün için divanı elimizde olmayan 17. yüzyıl
şairlerinden Baldırzâde Selîsî’nin şiirleri üzerinedir. Kaynaklara göre 17.
yüzyılda yaşamış Selîsî mahlaslı iki şair bulunmaktadır. Bu şairler Âvâre-zâde
Selîsî ve Baldırzâde Selîsî’dir. Bursa şeyhlerinden Baldırzâde Selîsî, Tokatlı
Ali Dede’nin torunu Ulucami vaizlerinden Mustafa Efendi’nin oğludur. Şair,
Bursa ve İstanbul’da birçok medresede müderrislik yapmış ve Mekke kadılığından
emekli olmuştur. Velud bir sanatçı olan Baldırzâde Selîsî 1060 yılında vefat
etmiştir. Baldırzâde Selîsî’nin edebiyatımızdaki asıl ünü “Ravza-i Evliyâ” adlı
eserinden gelmektedir. Bursa’da yaşayan âlim, şeyh ve şairlerin hayat
hikâyelerini ihtiva eden bu eser Türk edebiyatı tarihinde kendi türünde ilk
eserdir. Çalışmada
öncelikle Selîsî mahlaslı şairler hakkında bilgi verilecek, ardından Baldırzâde
Selîsî’nin mecmualardan elde edilen 4 kaside ve 19 gazeli şekil ve muhteva
yönünden incelenecektir. Makalenin sonunda kaside ve gazellerin transkripsiyonlu
metni verilecektir. Mecmuaların klasik Türk edebiyatı için önemini
örneklendiren bu çalışma ile ortaya çıkan yeni bilgiler veya divan nüshasının
bulunmasıyla oluşturulacak “Selîsî Dîvânı”na küçük de olsa bir adım
atılacaktır.
Foetal Wastage in Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Slaughtered at Katsina Central Abattoir, Katsina State Nigeria
Authors: Sabo Bello
Published: December 2018

Foetal wastage through slaughter of pregnant camels was evaluated for a period of six months (from July–December, 2017) at Katsina abattoir. A total of 738 camels were slaughtered within the study period out of which 456 (62%) were females. 64 (14%) of the number were pregnant. It was observed that, of the 64 Foetuses, 15 (23%) were in the first trimester, 30(47%) were in second trimester and 19 (30%) were in third trimester. Estimated financial losses annually through slaughter of pregnant camels at Katsina central abattoir was ₦16,640,000. It was concluded that relevant government agencies should ensure enforcement of policies relating sales of pregnant camels for slaughter. Adequate ante-mortem inspection be carried out, enlightment campaigns on farmers and butchers on the financial implication of slaughtering pregnant camels.
ПОКАЗНИКИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОРОЗВИТКУ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: Kurnyshev Yuriy , Kozhokar Maryna , Moseychuk Yurii
Published: December 2018

У статті уточнюються показники рівнів професійного розвитку майбутніх учителів фізичної культури. Теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення педагогічного досвіду дали можливість з’ясувати, що проблема професійної підготовки майбутніх учителів фізкультури розглядається в контексті оновлення навчально-виховного процесу у вищій школі, формування потреби у професійному саморозвитку фахівця в галузі спорту і неперервному вдосконаленні педагогічної майстерності. Професійний саморозвиток учителя передбачає самостійне оволодіння сукупністю педагогічних цінностей, ідей, сучасних технологій, ситуацій творчості, загальною культурою і характеризується активною, ціннісно-смисловою, мотиваційною, творчою професійною діяльністю. Основною причиною такого стану є неадекватне розуміння майбутніми вчителями власного професійного саморозвитку, етапів та шляхів його формування.
Саморозвиток майбутнього вчителя фізкультури розглядається як відносно самостійна діяльність студента із внесення змін у власну освітню траєкторію вдосконалення професійних якостей, розширення знанєвого потенціалу, підвищення рівня педагогічної та спортивної кваліфікації, спрямована на освоєння сучасних педагогічних ідей і технологій, що забезпечує професійне зростання педагога, підвищення якості освіти і виховання учнів.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІМІТАЦІЙНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТАКТИЧНОГО РІВНЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ОФІЦЕРІВ
Authors: Kos Mykola
Published: December 2018

У статті обґрунтовано педагогічні умови використання імітаційного моделювання тактичних дій у професійній підготовці майбутніх офіцерів у вищих військових закладах освіти (ВВЗО) Збройних Сил (ЗС) України: використання адаптованих для українських збройних сил методик НАТО  для навчання майбутніх офіцерів; максимальне наближення  до реальних бойових ситуацій в імітаційних комп’ютерних іграх (ІКІ) шляхом використання конкретних сценаріїв, які передбачають багаторазове повторення та коригування професійних дій; розроблення консультативних матеріалів для підготовки викладачів та психологічний супровід, спрямований на усвідомлення майбутніми офіцерами ролі ІКІ, як засобу збереження живої сили в реальних бойових ситуаціях, формування лідерських якостей офіцерів, формування креативного професійного мислення. Охарактеризовано вихідні концептуальні засади розроблення моделі процесу тактичної підготовки засобами імітаційного моделювання: процес навчання – це управління процесом поетапного засвоєння професійної діяльності, що виконується при заданих показниках та критеріях якості засвоєння; засвоєна діяльність – це відображення діяльності в поєднанні з досвідом її застосування для вирішення практичних задач, а показники якості засвоєння – міра сформованості властивостей дій. Моделювання процесу тактичної підготовки інтерпретується як побудова моделі управління складним об’єктом, що включає: формування цілей навчання; виділення показників якості засвоєння задач діяльності; структурний синтез моделі процесу тактичної підготовки, вибір структурних елементів і виявлення їх взаємозв’язків, декомпозиція моделі, опис її структурних елементів; параметричний синтез моделі; синтез алгоритму, визначення змісту й реалізація навчання; корекція усіх етапів управління (навчання). Акценовано увагу на важливості: всебічної роз’яснювальної роботи щодо необхідності та доцільності моделювання професійних ситуацій та варіантів їх розв’язання; визначення мети навчальної діяльності з урахуванням вже наявного рівня сформованості вмінь та навичок; організації самодіагностики, самоаналізу своїх досягнень, можливостей, проблем і труднощів; аналізу рефлексії навчальної діяльності.
СТРУКТУРА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ІНСПЕКТОРІВ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ ДО ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ОСІБ І ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: Tkachuk Dmytro
Published: December 2018

У статті розкрито суть, структуру й особливості змісту професійної готовності інспекторів прикордонної служби до ідентифікації осіб і транспортних засобів. З’ясовано, що це професійно важлива особистісна властивість, що охоплює ціннісне ставлення інспектора до ідентифікації у пунктах пропуску, а також знання технології, методів і засобів ідентифікації осіб і транспортних засобів, професійно-особистісні якості та уміння, необхідні для належного здійснення цього процесу в пунктах пропуску через державний кордон. У структурі професійної готовності інспекторів прикордонної служби до ідентифікації осіб і транспортних засобів виокремлено три компоненти. Ціннісно-особистісний компонент охоплює  професійні ціннісні орієнтації військовослужбовця Державної прикордонної служби, професійно-важливі якості (професійна спостережливість, пам’ять, уважність, високу продуктивність і стійкість до надмірних навантажень), професійну спрямованість та мотиви професійної діяльності. Когнітивно-пізнавальний компонент  охоплює предметні (габітоскопія, теорія ідентифікації) і спеціальні (організація та здійснення ідентифікації у пунктах пропуску) знання. Операційно-діяльнісний компонент охоплює комплекс умінь, необхідних для організації та здійснення ідентифікації осіб і транспортних засобів у пунктах пропуску. Узагальнено, що під час прикордонного контролю інспектор прикордонної служби повинен уміти досліджувати зовнішність (фотокартка в документі; опис зовнішності в паспорті, в орієнтировках), документи (закордонні паспорти чи документи, що їх замінюють, документи, що посвідчують особу, та документи, що підтверджують мету подорожі), почерк, звертаючи увагу на підпис власника в паспорті, в декларації та інших документах, на сліди руки (відбитки нігтьових фаланг).

Зміст професійної готовності інспекторів прикордонної служби до ідентифікації осіб і транспортних засобів розкрито з урахуванням специфіки організації і здійснення ідентифікації, необхідних теоретичних знань, методів та засобів ідентифікації, що забезпечують високу ефективність паспортного контролю.
Investing in Spaces: Luxury, Benevolence or Business?
Authors: Alibhai Nabila , Thys Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

This paper highlights the use of spatial transformation to shift the way people experience and engage with community. In essence, physical spaces can make people feel safe, well and like they belong. Moreover, they can infuse purpose into their habitual public and work-life experience. The examples shared include working with the Yale School of Management to help students reflect on and visibly communicate their role as leaders in business and society; the property development company Broder using public art to respectfully build a relationship with a neighborhood they are investing in; YouTube using the process of art creation to celebrate and communicate diversity in the workplace and lastly a public private partnership that brought together the Government, civil society and the private sector to address the erosion of trust and fear as a result of violent extremism in Kenya through a public art installation called Colour in Faith. Nabila Alibhai and her collaborators work to shift culture through investing in the transformation of spaces using art and urban design.
Canberra’s first ever Parklet
Authors: Weglarz Natalia
Published: December 2018

In the spring of 2016, The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Planning Institute of Australia’s Young Planners had an idea, to create Canberra’s first parklet. Finally, in June 2018, the Parklet was built! It was a long and complicated journey to provide an urban renewal idea into the ACT, the result was a well utilised and loved piece of Canberra furniture. Although 4 minutes after the last barrier was removed, a car drove into the car space and it was as if the project had never happened! This article will explore the Canberra context, the feedback, how a temporary structure can change the urban fabric of the city and how Canberrans can learn from this experience.