bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Vitreoretinopathies: Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Presentation and Management
Authors: Ghoraba Hashem H. , Sears Jonathan , Traboulsi Elias I.
Published: January 2025

Hereditary vitreoretinopathies (HVRs), also known as hereditary vitreoretinal degenerations comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of the retina and vitreous, collectively and variably characterised by vitreal abnormalities, such as fibrillary condensations, liquefaction or membranes, as well as peripheral retinal abnormalities, vascular changes in some, an increased risk of retinal detachment and early‐onset cataract formation. The pathology often involves the vitreoretinal interface in some, while the major underlying abnormality is vascular in others. Recent advances in molecular diagnosis and identification of the responsible genes and have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis, risks and management of the HVRs. Clinically, HVRs can be classified according to the presence or absence of skeletal or other systemic abnormalities, retinal dysfunction or retinal vascular abnormalities [2]. There are some discrepancies in the literature regarding which diseases are included under the overarching term ‘hereditary vitreoretinopathies’. Conditions such as Stickler syndrome, Wagner syndrome and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy are generally included, while others such as autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) and autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidapathy (ADVIRC) may not. In this review, we will discuss some historical aspects, the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features and management of diseases and syndromes commonly considered as HVRs.
Microgap Formation in Conical Implant‐Abutment Connections Under Oblique Loading: Influence of Cone Angle Mismatch Through Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Gantier‐Takano Marlene Kasumi , Xing Yiyun , Ye Ning , Aparicio Conrado , Navarro Cuéllar Carlos , Meira Josete Barbosa Cruz , Fok Alex Siu Lun
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study evaluated different designs of the conical implant‐abutment connection (IAC) and their resistance to microgap formation under oblique loads as specified by the ISO standard for testing dental implants. Also evaluated was the effect of deviations from the ISO specifications on the outcomes.

Methods

Finite element analysis was conducted to compare the microgap formation and stress distribution among three conical IAC designs (A, B, and C) in two loading configurations: one compliant with ISO 14801 and one with a modified load adaptor (non‐ISO). The different IAC designs varied in the taper, diameter, and cone height. The cone angle mismatch (Cam) between the implant and abutment was considered. A torque of 20 Ncm and oblique loads (up to 400 N) were simulated.

Results

The stresses produced by the screw‐tightening torque varied among the different IAC designs. The contact height was approximately 0.3 mm for Designs A and B, and less than 0.03 mm for Design C. Under oblique loads, Design A maintained IAC sealing without gap formation up to 400 N. With the ISO adaptor, gaps appeared in Design B at 300 N and in Design C at 90 N. The non‐ISO adaptor resulted in gap formation at 160 N for Design B and at 50 N for Design C.

Conclusions

The IAC design and cone angle mismatch significantly influenced microgap formation, with some designs showing zero gaps even when the oblique load reached 400 N. The non‐ISO adaptor increased gap formation in IACs B and C.
Molecular Symphony of Mitophagy: Ubiquitin‐Specific Protease‐30 as a Maestro for Precision Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Siwach Ankit , Patel Harit , Khairnar Amit , Parekh Pathik
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mitochondrial dysfunction stands as a pivotal feature in neurodegenerative disorders, spurring the quest for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review examines Ubiquitin‐Specific Protease 30 (USP30) as a master regulator of mitophagy with therapeutic promise in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). USP30's orchestration of mitophagy pathways, encompassing PINK1‐dependent and PINK1‐independent mechanisms, forms the crux of this exploration.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, selecting studies that investigated USP's function, inhibitor design, or therapeutic efficacy in AD and PD. Inclusion criteria encompassed mechanistic and preclinical/clinical data, while irrelevant or duplicate references were excluded. Extracted findings were synthesized narratively.

Results

USP30 modulates interactions with translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) 20, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1), and Parkin, thus harmonizing mitochondrial quality control. Emerging novel USP30 inhibitors, racemic phenylalanine derivatives, N‐cyano pyrrolidine, and notably, benzosulphonamide class compounds, restore mitophagy, and reduce neurodegenerative phenotypes across diverse models with minimal off‐target effects. Modulation of other USPs also influences neurodegenerative disease pathways, offering additional therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions

In highlighting the nuanced regulation of mitophagy by USP30, this work heralds a shift toward more precise and effective treatments, paving the way for a new era in the clinical management of neurodegenerative disorders.
How Do Trematodes Induce Cancer? A Possible Evolutionary Adaptation of an Oncogenic Agent Transmitted by Flukes
Authors: Apari Péter , Földvári Gábor
Published: January 2025

There is strong epidemiological evidence that development of various cancer types is linked to infection with flukes (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The exact nature of the mechanism by which cancer is induced by these parasites is unknown. Here, we provide a new hypothesis suggesting that flukes are not the primary cause of cancer but act as vectors of cancer‐inducing microbial pathogens. These pathogens adaptively induce tumours to attract and help flukes to feed on blood from the tumour. Pathogen take‐up by fluke vectors also takes place in the tumour; therefore, tumour formation in this case is the result of a mutualistic and adaptive relationship between the microbe and the helminth parasite. The suggested mechanism for cancer induction provided here may help us gain deeper understanding about cancer in general and its relationship with microbes and parasites. By further elaborating the unique nexus between flukes, carcinogenic microbes and cancer, in the future it will also help us to broaden our oncological perspective to reduce human death and suffering from this serious disease group.
Predictive value of the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte and Platelet score for mortality in geriatric patients presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Tortum Fatma , Tekin Erdal , Gur Ali
Published: January 2025

Aim

The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte and Platelet (HALP) score, calculated as hemoglobin × albumin × lymphocytes / platelets, serves as a novel biomarker that can provide insights into a patient's nutritional status, anemia status and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the HALP score for mortality among geriatric patients presenting to the emergency department.

Methods

This retrospective study was carried out at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patients aged ≥65 years who presented to the emergency department between 1 January 2018 and 1 January 2024 were included in the study. A total of 62 262 patients who visited our emergency department were enrolled. Patient data, including hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet values; age; sex, the reason for hospital presentation; and outcome (mortality or discharge) were obtained from electronic medical records. HALP scores were calculated for the patients, and statistical analyses were carried out.

Results

Of the patients, 32 410 were men, and the mean age was 73 years. Within this cohort, in‐hospital mortality occurred in 3093 of the patients. The HALP score was significantly lower in patients who died compared with those who were discharged (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Due to its cost‐effectiveness and ease of calculation, the HALP score appears to be more feasible in predicting mortality in the emergency department compared with other scoring systems. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Factors Associated With Low Childbirth Self‐Efficacy for Vaginal Birth in High‐Risk Pregnant Women
Authors: Sarıboğa Yılmaz , Gürkan Zeynep , Sarıkaya Remzi
Published: January 2025

Background

Low childbirth self‐efficacy is a significant indicator of vaginal birth and is closely related to adverse perinatal outcomes.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with low childbirth self‐efficacy for vaginal birth in high‐risk pregnant women.

Methods

This descriptive study was conducted between July and December 2022 in Van, Turkey, with a total of 200 participants. Data collection instruments included a Socio‐demographic Questionnaire and the Self‐Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth (SEVB) scale. Independent t‐test, chi‐square test and multivariable binary logistic regression were employed for data analysis.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 27.74 ± 5.12 years, and the mean gestational age was 33.22 ± 4.28 weeks. Unplanned pregnancy status (p = 0.002), a history of caesarean section (p = 0.013), multiparity (p = 0.001), age (p < 0.01) and gestational age (p = 0.001) were associated with low childbirth self‐efficacy for vaginal birth. In multivariate analysis, only age (B: 1111; 95% CI: 1038–1189; p = 0.002) and gestational age (B: 1120; 95% CI: 1034–1214; p = 0.004; and p = 0.005) were independently associated with low childbirth self‐efficacy.

Conclusions

Low childbirth self‐efficacy for vaginal birth was associated with higher maternal age and gestational ages. Identifying high‐risk pregnant women with low childbirth self‐efficacy will improve the care process for women and their newborns.
Assessing the Impact of Non‐Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID‐19 Pandemic on RSV Seasonality in Europe
Authors: Heemskerk Susanne , Baliatsas Christos , Stelma Foekje , Nair Harish , Paget John , Spreeuwenberg Peter
Published: January 2025

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, atypical respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation patterns emerged, with the occurrence of RSV activity outside the typical winter season. This study investigates the impact of COVID‐19 and associated non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on RSV seasonality.

Methods

The onset, offset and peak of RSV epidemics from 2018 to 2022 across 12 European countries were determined using the 3% positivity threshold method. A multilevel longitudinal logit regression model for proportions assessed the associations between five NPIs (school closures, mask use, workplace measures, public gathering restrictions and closure of public spaces) and RSV, utilising RSV surveillance data, two NPI databases (ECDC‐JRC and Oxford) and COVID‐19 surveillance data.

Results

Before 2020, consistent RSV seasonality patterns were observed, but the seasonal increase of RSV‐positive cases in winter remained absent during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2022). Analysis revealed inconsistent associations between individual NPIs and RSV. The associations differed depending on the data source used (ECDC‐JRC or Oxford), not only in magnitude but also in the direction of the coefficients. Public gathering restrictions and closure of public spaces exhibited significant negative associations with RSV incidence. However, this was only observed when using surveillance data for the entire epidemiological year and not when only examining weeks with increased RSV activity.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for standardised international data collection and procedures for infectious disease modelling, as varying NPI implementations, NPI registration and RSV surveillance across countries complicate the understanding of RSV dynamics during the pandemic. Caution is recommended when interpreting the effects of NPIs on RSV circulation.
Characteristics of Quality Improvement Projects in Health Services: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Khalil Hanan , de Moel‐Mandel Caroline , Verma Deeksha , Kynoch Kathryn , Fernandez Ritin , Ramis Mary‐Anne , Opie Jessica E.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Current QI reports within the literature frequently fail to provide enough information regarding interventions, and a significant number of publications do not mention the utilization of a guiding model or framework. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the characteristics of hospital‐based QI interventions and assess their alignment with recommended quality goals.

Methods

This scoping review followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews to synthesize existing literature on hospital‐based QI interventions and reporting using the PRISMA Extension for scoping reviews. Included studies involved a hospital‐based QI intervention that was evaluated through the Development of the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set (QI‐MQCS) framework, reporting on hospital users' (i.e., practitioners and patients) data. We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PubMed databases for primary research published between 2015 and 2024. Grey literature was also examined. A narrative synthesis guided the integration of findings.

Results

From 1398 identified records, 70 relevant records were included. Results indicate a wide variation in QI frameworks and methods used by the included studies. The QI interventions most frequently assessed were organizational‐focused (n = 59), followed by professional‐related interventions (n = 41) and patient‐care interventions (n = 24). There were multiple facilitators and barriers across organizational, professional, and patient care levels found in the included studies. Examples of facilitators were instrumental in driving successful QI initiatives included education, training, active leadership, and stakeholder engagement. Conversely, barriers such as time constraints, resource limitations, and resistance were highlighted.

Conclusion

Existing QI publications lack sufficient detail to replicate interventions. Using a model or framework to guide the conduct of a QI‐activity may support a more robustly designed and well‐conducted project. The variation of reporting characteristics suggests that future research should focus on the development of a pragmatic tool for use by front‐line clinicians to support consistent and rigorous conduct of QI projects.
Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality Among Young Adults in Turkiye: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Dülger Hanifi , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan
Published: January 2025

Aim

The current study was conducted to measure the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality and identify predisposing factors of psychological distress among young adults during the pandemic.

Methods

A cross‐sectional design was adopted. The target population consisted of students studying at an associate degree health services school at a university in Turkiye. Overall, 704 students were included in the sample. Multiple logistic regression was implemented to predict risk factors.

Results

The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe stress, anxiety, and depression was found to be 39%, 48.4% and 47.6%, respectively. There was a strong positive association between stress and anxiety (r = 0.869, p < 0.001), stress and depression (r = 0.912, p < 0.001), and between anxiety and depression (r = 0.857, p < 0.001). A moderate positive relationship was found between sleep quality and stress (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), sleep quality and anxiety (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), and sleep quality and depression (r = 0.481, p < 0.001). Young adults with poor sleep quality, those who find safety measures for the pandemic outbreak insufficient, those who use alcohol, and those who feel despair were more likely to have stress, anxiety, and depression risk. Age and gender did not affect their stress, anxiety, or depression risk.

Conclusions

Nearly half of the young adults experienced varying degrees of stress, anxiety, and depression, and most had poor sleep quality. The insufficiency of outbreak measures, poor sleep quality, using alcohol, and feelings of despair were mutual predictive factors of stress, anxiety, and depression.
Development and Pilot Psychometric Testing of the Cancer Nurse Self‐Assessment Tools for Early and Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kruss Gillian , Dinh Thi Thuy Ha , Van Huizen Pheona , Yeganeh Ladan , Mahony Jane , Morphet Julia , Brand Gabrielle , Crawford‐Williams Fiona , Cook Olivia
Published: January 2025

Aim

To develop and psychometrically test two newly developed Cancer Nurse Self‐Assessment Tools for early and metastatic breast cancer (CaN‐SAT‐eBC and CAN‐SAT‐mBC).

Design

Instrument development and psychometric testing of content validity, reliability and construct validity.

Methods

A three‐phase procedure was conducted. Phase 1: An expert working group was formed to design and develop each tool using Benner's Model of Clinical Competence. Phase 2: The Content Validation Index (CVI) was used to assess the relevance and clarity of each item on the tools with breast cancer nurse experts and nursing educators. A CVI ≥ 0.78 was required for an item to be included in each tool. Phase 3: The tools were tested for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and construct validity using principal component analysis (PCA). The Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies were followed in reporting this study.

Results

Each tool underwent two rounds of content validation. Ten experts were involved in the content validation for the CaN‐SAT‐eBC and 12 experts involved for CaN‐SAT‐mBC. The final versions comprised 18 (CAN‐SAT‐eBC) and 22 elements (CaN‐SAT‐mBC). All items obtained a satisfactory CVI of 0.83–1.0. Data from 159 and 126 nurses were analysed to evaluate reliability for CaN‐SAT‐eBC and CaN‐SAT‐mBC, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for all elements were between 0.83 and 0.98. The PCA supported that each element was unidimensional and composed of internally correlated items, with the exception of the ‘Diagnostics’ element of practice which has a two‐component structure measuring basic and advanced diagnostic tasks.

Conclusions

The two CaN‐SATs are comprehensive, valid and reliable. They can be used for self‐assessment by nurses in relation to breast cancer care and for identifying learning needs for long‐term professional development. The self‐assessment tools can also be used to develop education initiatives for specialised breast cancer nurses.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Reliability of Central Vein Sign Imaging With 3T FLAIR* in a Multicenter Study
Authors: Martin Melissa Lynne , Cao Quy , Luskin Elaina , Renner Brian , Daboul Lynn , O'Donnell Carly M. , Rodrigues Paulo , Derbyshire John , Azevedo Christina J. , Bar‐Or Amit , Caverzasi Eduardo , Calabresi Peter , Cree Bruce A. C. , Freeman Léorah , Henry Roland G. , Longbrake Erin E. , Oh Jiwon , Papinutto Nico , Pelletier Daniel , Prchkovska Vesna , Ramos Marc , Samudralwar Rohini D. , Schindler Matthew K. , Sotirchos Elias S. , Sicotte Nancy L. , Solomon Andrew J. , Reich Daniel S. , Ontaneda Daniel , Shinohara Russell T. , Sati Pascal
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

The central vein sign (CVS) is a diagnostic imaging biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS). FLAIR* is a combined MRI contrast that provides high conspicuity for CVS at 3 Tesla (3T), enabling its sensitive and accurate detection in clinical settings. This study evaluated whether CVS conspicuity of 3T FLAIR* is reliable across imaging sites and MRI vendors and whether gadolinium (Gd) contrast increases CVS conspicuity.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, multicenter study recruited adults referred for possible diagnosis of MS at 10 sites. FLAIR* contrast was generated using high‐resolution T2*‐weighted (acquired pre‐ and post‐injection of Gd) and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR) brain images at 3T from two MRI vendors. Lesions and veins were segmented to compute lesion‐to‐vein contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNRlesion‐to‐vein), a quantitative measure of CVS conspicuity. CNRlesion‐to‐vein measures for pre‐ and post‐Gd FLAIR* were compared across sites and vendors.

Results

Eighty‐seven participants from nine sites were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in mean CNRlesion‐to‐vein between sites for pre‐Gd (p‐value = 0.07) or post‐Gd (p‐value = 0.27) FLAIR*. There were also no significant differences between vendors for pre‐Gd (p‐value = 0.10) or post‐Gd (p‐value = 0.31) FLAIR*. Patient‐level pairwise differences in CNRlesion‐to‐vein between pre‐Gd and post‐Gd FLAIR* revealed a significant increase for post‐Gd FLAIR* (p‐value < 0.001).

Conclusions

CVS conspicuity on 3T FLAIR* is consistent across imaging sites and MRI vendors. Moreover, Gd‐based contrast agent significantly improved CVS conspicuity on 3T FLAIR*. These findings support the implementation of FLAIR* in clinical settings for MS.
Trueness and precision of facial scan and virtual patient representation workflow
Authors: Al Hamad Khaled Q. , Ayyad Jad Q. , Al‐Rashdan Bashar A. , Al Quran Firas A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility and accuracy (trueness and precision) of facial scanning and virtual patient representation (VPR).

Materials and Methods

One participant was recruited and informed consent was obtained. VPR was performed 30 times with a custom fabricated intraoral scan body (ISB). Thirteen adhesive markers were added to the face as an extraoral scan body (ESB). Two facial scans were obtained for each VPR using an infra‐red laser accessory sensor (Structure sensor; Occipital Inc) mounted on a computer tablet (iPad Pro; Apple Inc), including one with seated ISB and one without ISB. Two maxillary intraoral scans were obtained using an intraoral scanner (Omnicam; Dentsply Sirona) with and without the ISB. All files were imported to a dental software program (exocad; exocad GmbH) and VPR was obtained by aligning the facial and IOS scans using the ISB and ESB as common elements for alignment. Five fiducial face landmarks, four intraoral dental landmarks, and six perioral landmarks were selected for measurements. A total of 32 linear measurements, including 14 face‐face (for facial scan accuracy) and 18 face‐dental (for VPR accuracy) representing total face, lower face, and perioral regions, were performed directly using a digital caliper (FINO Digital Caliper; FINO GmbH) and virtually on the VPR. Trueness was evaluated by mean absolute difference (MAD) between the virtual and direct measurements, and the standard deviation represented Precision. Statistical analyses were performed with a statistical software package (IBM SPSS Statistics v25; IBM Corp), with α = 0.05. Data were analyzed for normality with Shapiro‐Wilk test, and 1‐sample t‐ (or Wilcoxon signed rank test), technical error of measurement (TEM), and relative error magnitude (REM).

Results

The facial scan had 2.04, 1.66, 0.8 trueness, and 1.05, 0.92, 0.91 precision for total, lower face, and perioral regions. VPR had higher MAD (lower trueness) than facial scan, including 3.32, 2.40, 1.21 trueness and 2.2, 1.47, 1.2 precision for total, lower face, and perioral regions. Both TEM and REM were lowest for the perioral region and increased with increasing measurement distance.

Conclusion

Error in face scanning increased with increased distance and intricate details. VPR accuracy was lower than face scan accuracy because of added errors in the alignment process. The investigated VPR workflow might be feasible for treatment planning and smile design. However, it would be unreliable for more demanding prostheses manufacturing purposes.
Profiles of negative and positive risk‐taking behavior among Asian and non‐Asian American emerging adults
Authors: Park Yea Won , Gentzler Amy L.
Published: January 2025

Risk‐taking includes both negative and positive risky behaviors, but little is known about how negative and positive risk‐taking occur simultaneously. This study examined negative and positive risk‐taking profiles of Asian American and Non‐Asian American emerging adults (N = 401; Mage = 20.68; 68.30% women) and their demographic and cultural factor correlates. Three profiles emerged: Moderate Negative and Positive, Low Negative and Positive, and High Negative/Average Positive. Asian Americans were most likely to belong in the Low Negative and Positive. The High Negative/Average Positive profile was associated with stronger emotion control values, whereas the Low Negative and Positive profile was higher in humility values. These findings underscore the role of cultural beliefs in shaping distinct risk‐taking patterns among emerging adults.
The Effect of Providing Video‐Animated Information to Female Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence Before the Urodynamic Study on the Patient's Anxiety, Pain, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Repeat the Procedure
Authors: Degirmentepe Recep Burak , Bozkurt Muammer , Danis Eyyup , Gul Deniz , Akca Yasir Muhammed , Cimen Haci Ibrahim , Halis Fikret
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To investigate the effect of providing video‐animated information to female patients with stress urinary incontinence before urodynamics on the patient's anxiety, pain, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat the procedure.

Methods

Before the procedure, patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 randomization. While one group was given written and verbal information, the other group was additionally given animated video information accompanied by a doctor. Pre‐procedure anxiety, hemodynamic parameters during the procedure, as well as post‐procedure pain, satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure were compared between the groups.

Results

STAI‐s levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the group given video animation information before urodynamics (p < 0.01). It was observed that video information had a positive effect on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, and the values were measured lower compared to the other group (p < 0.01). While there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in VAS‐pain scores (p = 0.82), VAS‐satisfaction and VAS‐willingness to repeat the procedure scores were found to be statistically significantly different (p < 0.01). It was observed that video‐animated information made a positive contribution to satisfaction and willingness to repeat the procedure.

Conclusions

Video‐animated information given to female patients before urodynamics has positive effects on the patient's anxiety. It also contributes positively to the patient's satisfaction and their willingness to repeat the procedure. Video‐animated information may be used routinely in addition to written and verbal information before urodynamics.
Fungal Disease Response Centre: Pioneering Diagnostic Approach for Regions With Dispersed Hospital Centres
Authors: Loaiza‐Oliva Manuela , Gamarra Soledad , Cabeza Matías , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana , Rodríguez‐Tudela Juan Luis , Garcia‐Effron Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Background

Access to fungal disease diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality, yet it varies widely across Argentina, especially outside Buenos Aires. In regions like Santa Fe and Paraná, where most healthcare facilities are under 150 beds, maintaining specialised mycology labs is challenging.

Objectives

This work describes the establishment and first‐year results of a centralised Fungal Disease Response Centre (FDRC) and referral network serving this region, covering approximately 1 million inhabitants.

Methods

The FDRC provided tests from the WHO's Essential Diagnostic List, along with antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular diagnostics. Additionally, we offered continuous training, a courier service and digital tools for service requests and result reporting.

Methods

In 2023, the FDRC handled samples from 878 patients from 22 institutions, performing 1151 tests on 897 samples. Common tests included Aspergillus galactomannan quantification and molecular diagnostics, diagnosing 101 fungal infections including fungaemias, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis and deep‐seated candidiasis. Average turnaround times were 6.2 h for antigen‐based tests and 21.5 h for molecular tests.

Conclusions

This centralised service improved diagnosis speed and quality, overcoming limitations of smaller labs. It also enabled population‐based studies, revealing higher‐than‐expected histoplasmosis prevalence. The FDRC's first‐year results demonstrate that regional centralisation can enhance diagnostic quality, improve patient outcomes and advance epidemiological knowledge.
Inorganic nitrogen and organic matter jointly regulate ectomycorrhizal fungi‐mediated iron acquisition
Authors: Wang Haihua , Zhang Kaile , Tappero Ryan , Victor Tiffany W. , Bhatnagar Jennifer M. , Vilgalys Rytas , Liao Hui‐Ling
Published: January 2025

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) play a crucial role in facilitating plant nutrient uptake from the soil although inorganic nitrogen (N) can potentially diminish this role. However, the effect of inorganic N availability and organic matter on shaping EMF‐mediated plant iron (Fe) uptake remains unclear.

To explore this, we performed a microcosm study on Pinus taeda roots inoculated with Suillus cothurnatus treated with +/−Fe‐coated sand, +/−organic matter, and a gradient of NH4NO3 concentrations.

Mycorrhiza formation was most favorable under conditions with organic matter, without inorganic N. Synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence imaging on ectomycorrhizal cross‐sections suggested that the effect of inorganic N on mycorrhizal Fe acquisition largely depended on organic matter supply. With organic matter, mycorrhizal Fe concentration was significantly decreased as inorganic N levels increased. Conversely, an opposite trend was observed when organic matter was absent. Spatial distribution analysis showed that Fe, zinc, calcium, and copper predominantly accumulated in the fungal mantle across all conditions, highlighting the mantle's critical role in nutrient accumulation and regulation of nutrient transfer to internal compartments.

Our work illustrated that the liberation of soil mineral Fe and the EMF‐mediated plant Fe acquisition are jointly regulated by inorganic N and organic matter in the soil.
Synthetic alleles to study MUTE‐dependent molecular transitions in stomatal development
Authors: Illescas‐Miranda Jonatan , Saiz‐Pérez Josué , de Marcos Alberto , Fenoll Carmen , Mena Montaña
Published: January 2025

Stomatal abundance sets plants' potential for gas exchange, impacting photosynthesis and transpiration and, thus, plant survival and growth. Stomata originate from cell lineages initiated by asymmetric divisions of protodermal cells, producing meristemoids that develop into guard cell pairs. The transcription factors SPEECHLESS, MUTE, and FAMA are essential for stomatal lineage development, sequentially driving cell division and differentiation events. Their absence produces stomataless epidermis, hindering analysis of their roles during lineage development. MUTE drives the transition from proliferating meristemoids to guard mother cells, committed to stomatal fate. We aim to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MUTE activity, using partial loss‐of‐function alleles predicted to impair DNA‐binding and to potentially alter MUTE transcriptional activity. We engineered mutant allele coding sequences, generated Arabidopsis lines carrying them and analyzed their epidermal and transcriptional phenotypes using microscopy and RNA‐seq. Synthetic alleles driven by the MUTE promoter rescued the stomata less phenotype of the seedling‐lethal mute‐3 mutant, enabling stomata differentiation and resulting in viable, fertile plants. Further examination of the developmental consequences of MUTE partial loss‐of‐function revealed arrested lineages, reduced stomatal abundance and altered stomatal spacing. Transcriptomic analysis of very young cotyledons from complemented lines indicated that only some MUTE targets require an intact MUTE bHLH domain. Comparison with existing lineage cell‐specific transcriptional profiles showed that lineage development in the mutant lines was delayed compared to the wild‐type but followed similar gene networks. These synthetic alleles provide new insight into MUTE ability to accurately and timely specify stomata formation.
Hume on structural prejudices (including his own)
Authors: Noorloos Ruben
Published: January 2025

This article explores the connections between David Hume's theory of prejudice, present‐day theories of structural ignorance, and Hume's own racist attitudes. Charles Mills has identified certain types of ignorance, including racial ignorance, that result from social structures. Here, I argue that Hume can do something similar. Hume uses the concept of prejudice to theorize the misjudgment of someone based on their perceived membership of a certain group. Despite its seemingly individualist presentation in the Treatise, Hume's theory can, as a result of his deeply social view of the mind, be expanded to account for social‐structural influences on the formation of prejudices. In fact, in several places he himself develops such structural explanations. On the resulting picture, both his racism and his theory of prejudice are seen to play important roles in his philosophy.
How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning
Authors: Noble Christy , Ajjawi Rola , Billett Stephen , Goldszmidt Mark
Published: January 2025

Background

Learning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to support readers in undertaking qualitative observational research in workplace learning.

Methods

We provide an overview of qualitative observational research, emphasising its relevance to investigating workplace learning. We delineate four key components to consider: the phenomenon of interest, roles of researchers and participants, ethical considerations and data collection approaches. An illustrative example from health professions education research is presented to demonstrate the application and outcomes of observational research.

Results

Qualitative observational research allows for a nuanced understanding of real‐world clinical activities and interactions, capturing elements of learning that are often missed by other methods. It offers a rich evidentiary base for both clinicians and researchers to appraise and improve practice. The example study illustrates how observational research can identify systemic issues affecting both learning and clinical practice.

Conclusion

Qualitative observational research offers an important approach to understanding the complexities of clinical practice and workplace learning. We have shared some key considerations for the design and conduct of qualitative observational research in workplace learning.
The Possibilities of Observational Research in Workplace Learning: The Case of Video‐Reflexive Ethnography
Authors: Noble Christy , Billett Stephen , Furness Linda , Carrigan Brendan , O’Shannessy Megan , Teodorczuk Andrew , Ajjawi Rola
Published: January 2025

Objective

This paper, using video‐reflexive ethnography (VRE) as a case study, explores the prospects for and possibilities of observational research in workplace learning.

Methods

Focusing on VRE methodology and drawing on its principles of care, collaboration, exnovation (paying attention to existing strengths) and reflexivity, we elaborate the prospects for and scope of possibilities for observational research.

Results

VRE's flexibility and participatory nature enable researchers and participants to understand the complexities of learning in situ and the dynamic interactions between learning and work practice. We emphasise the importance of considering participants' (e.g., clinicians) lived experiences and recommend prioritising their engagement, reflexivity and knowledge co‐creation in observational research to inform processes of learning through work practice. This participatory approach enables capturing and articulating diverse perspectives on these learning processes and, importantly, embraces the diverse perspectives of participants and researchers informing this situational approach to learning.

Conclusion

The case study of VRE illustrates the potential and prospects of observational approaches in improving our understanding and facilitation of learning through practice in health professions education, highlighting its flexibility and innovation. By foregrounding participants' perspectives and fostering a collaborative research environment, VRE offers fresh insights into the complexities of learning in clinical settings. This research contributes to the broader discourse on educational methodologies, suggesting that VRE can significantly advance research in workplace learning.
BIM‐Based Indoor Navigation Using End‐to‐End Visual Localization and ARCore
Authors: Tang Shengjun , Wan Jiawei , Li Yusong , Huang Hongsheng , Wang Weixi , Guo Renzhong , Zhang Yunjie
Published: January 2025

Traditional localization methods based on sensors such as Bluetooth and Wi‐Fi struggle to achieve the required accuracy for fine‐grained applications like AR navigation or robot localization. Accurate global position estimation and seamless AR navigation in dynamic indoor environments can significantly enhance the intelligence of indoor scene applications. This paper proposes an as‐built BIM‐based indoor navigation using End‐to‐End visual localization and ARCore. First, based on pre‐captured RGB image sequences, a sparse point cloud of the indoor space can be constructed using Structure from Motion (SFM) methods, and the camera pose of each RGB image can be obtained. At the same time, image features are extracted in a multi‐scale manner using end‐to‐end deep learning, and an image database is constructed for later scene retrieval and matching. Second, Building Information Modeling (BIM) model is constructed for a specific indoor scene, and an automated reconstruction of the indoor navigation topology map is performed based on this model. Finally, by giving a query image, the optimal matching image in the image database is obtained through scene retrieval methods. And the camera pose of the query image is iteratively optimized by multiple feature maps. Then path planning is performed based on the indoor navigation topology map with ARCore. In order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, Experimental are conducted for the evaluation of the global positioning estimation module and AR navigation module using both public datasets and our own collected data. The experimental results demonstrate that in publicly accessible datasets, the global positioning error consistently remains within the 20‐cm range, with the majority of these datasets achieving a positioning error of 10 cm or less. Furthermore, the experimental results of AR navigation show that the method enables an approximate positioning accuracy of 10 centimeters in AR navigation within a length of 50 m.
Passive/Active WeChat Use and Subjective Well-being among Chinese Parents: A Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Wang Peng , Syed Zainudin Sharifah Sofiah , Mohd Hasan Nurul Ain , Huo Shaohua , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have explored the direct impact of social media use on subjective well-being (SWB), but they have not fully grasped the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. As a result, this study aims to investigate the direct relationship between passive/active WeChat use and SWB, as well as how upward social comparison, perceived social support, and self-esteem serially mediate the relationship between passive/active WeChat use and SWB among Chinese parents. The current study, which used a sample of 403 Chinese parents, found no significant relationship between passive WeChat use and SWB, but there was a significant relationship between active WeChat use and SWB. Moreover, upward social comparison and self-esteem have a significant and negative serial mediating effect on the relationship between passive WeChat use and SWB. Additionally, the study found a significant and positive serial mediating effect of perceived social support and self-esteem on the relationship between active WeChat use and SWB. We hope the suggestions will contribute to a deeper understanding of parents' use of WeChat and SWB.
Effects of patent foramen ovale in migraine: a metabolomics‐based study
Authors: Dong Bosi , Li Xin , Zhang Lu , Liang Ge , Zheng Wen , Gui Luolan , Ji Shuming , Tang Yusha , Li Hua , Li Wanling , Yang Ruiqi , Li Yajiao , Peng Anjiao , Chen Yucheng , Gong Meng , Chen Lei
Published: January 2025

Patent foramen ovale (PFO), a cardiac anatomical anomaly inducing abnormal haemodynamics, leads to a paradoxical bypass of the pulmonary circulation. PFO closure might alleviate migraines; however, clinical evidence and basic experiments for the relationship are lacking. To explore the effect of PFO on migraine, 371 migraineurs finishing blood tests and contrast transthoracic echocardiography for the detection of PFO were prospectively included. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that PFO was independently associated with aura, and lower cystatin‐C (cys‐C) and calcium levels. Among them, patients with PFO who underwent percutaneous PFO closure were continuously followed up 1 year after the operation. The intensity of migraine was significantly relieved and the levels of cys‐C and calcium increased after PFO closure. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics of plasma from migraineurs before and after PFO closure revealed that 5‐HT and glutathione (GSH) metabolites were differentially expressed after PFO closure. The differential metabolites were then validated in the plasma and brain tissues of PFO mouse models by LC‐MS/MS analysis. Desorption electrospray ionization mass imaging demonstrated that these metabolic alterations occurred mainly in the posterior cerebral cortex. Collectively, aura, cys‐C and calcium could be biomarkers of migraineurs with PFO. PFO might have an impact on the posterior head associated with the regulation of 5‐HT and GSH. PFO closure might relieve migraine by improving 5‐HT clearance metabolism and ameliorating redox reactions. Our results may provide evidence for an indication of PFO closure in migraine and support the related potential mechanism.

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Key points

Aura, and levels of cystatin‐C and calcium are biomarkers of migraineurs with a patent foramen ovale (PFO).

The clearance of pulmonary metabolism of 5‐HT and deoxygenated blood might be the reason for the improvement of migraine symptoms in patients with PFO.

The posterior region of the brain is the main area responsible for PFO‐induced migraine.
Atomic layer deposition of nanofilms on porous polymer substrates: Strategies for success
Authors: Welch Brian C. , Casetta Jeanne , Pathak Rajesh , Elam Jeffrey W. , Pochat-Bohatier Céline , Miele Philippe , Segal-Peretz Tamar
Published: January 2025

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a versatile technique for engineering the surfaces of porous polymers, imbuing the flexible, high-surface-area substrates with inorganic and hybrid material properties. Previously reported enhancements include fouling resistance, electrical conductance, thermal stability, photocatalytic activity, hydrophilicity, and oleophilicity. However, there are many poorly understood phenomena that introduce challenges in applying ALD to porous polymers. In this paper, we address five common challenges and ways to overcome them: (1) entrapped precursor, (2) embrittlement, (3) film fracture, (4) deformation, and (5) pore collapse. These challenges are often interrelated and can exacerbate one another. To investigate these phenomena, we applied various ALD chemistries to porous polymers including polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polycarbonate track-etched membranes. Reaction-diffusion modeling revealed why certain precursors and processing conditions result in embrittling subsurface material growth, entrapment of unreacted precursors, and nongrowth. We quantify the limits of ALD processing temperatures that are dictated by thermal expansion mismatch and can lead to fractured ALD films. The results herein allow us to make recommendations to avoid, mitigate, or overcome the difficulties encountered when performing ALD and plasma-enhanced ALD on porous polymers. We intend this article to serve as a “lessons learned” guide informed by previous experience to provide a better understanding of the difficulties and limitations of ALD on porous polymers and knowledge-based guidelines for successful depositions. This knowledge can accelerate future research and help experimentalists navigate and troubleshoot as they expose porous polymers to reactive precursor vapors.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Pluralistic Practice for Long-Term Work With a Premiership Rugby Player
Authors: McKenzie Graham , Wagstaff Christopher R.D.
Published: January 2025

In this article, we illustrate the service delivery with a 26-year-old, male, professional rugby union player, who over our two-and-a-half-year working relationship brought a multitude of different challenges to sessions. In the initial 6 months of the work presented in this case, the sport psychology practitioners (SPPs; both authors) codelivered sessions. We offer details of this codelivery period, as well as the role that the supervisor (second author) played in the latter 2 years of work. The SPPs worked from a pluralistic philosophy, which acknowledges that different clients need different things at different points in time. As such, we outline how the SPPs engaged in an ongoing process of metacommunication and shared decision making to establish the client’s goals and preferences and how this was renegotiated over time. We also depict the different approaches that the SPPs were required to take to meet the client’s needs, including referring to another practitioner when appropriate. We conclude by sharing several reflections on our service delivery and offer applied recommendations for SPPs who seek to use pluralistic approaches in their work.
The deubiquitinase USP5 prevents accumulation of protein aggregates in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Eibach Yvonne , Kreher Silke , Poetsch Mareike S. , Kho Ay Lin , Gaertner Ulrich , Clemen Christoph S. , Schröder Rolf , Guo Kai , Milting Hendrik , Meder Benjamin , Potente Michael , Richter Manfred , Schneider Andre , Meiners Silke , Gautel Mathias , Braun Thomas
Published: January 2025

Protein homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cardiomyocyte (CM) function. Disruption of proteostasis results in accumulation of protein aggregates causing cardiac pathologies such as hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and heart failure. Here, we identify ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) as a critical determinant of protein quality control (PQC) in CM. CM-specific loss of
mUsp5
leads to the accumulation of polyubiquitin chains and protein aggregates, cardiac remodeling, and eventually DCM. USP5 interacts with key components of the proteostasis machinery, including PSMD14, and the absence of USP5 increases activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagic flux in CMs. Cardiac-specific
hUSP5
overexpression reduces pathological remodeling in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts and attenuates protein aggregate formation in titinopathy and desminopathy models. Since CMs from humans with end-stage DCM show lower USP5 levels and display accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, we hypothesize that therapeutically increased USP5 activity may reduce protein aggregates during DCM. Our findings demonstrate that USP5 is essential for ubiquitin turnover and proteostasis in mature CMs.