bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 gpG gene among People of different health status in parts of Katsina State
Authors: Hayatudeen M.R , Aminu M
Published: January 2022

Although herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been detected in the blood of immune compromised patients and in those with disseminated disease, the extent to which the virus may be present in the blood during a localized infection is still unknown. Literature on patterns of HSV-2 shedding at the prodromal stage of the disease during recurrences and also during asymptomatic periods is still lacking. The present study aimed at the detection of HSV-2 gpG gene in the serum during current acute herpes genitalis using a highly sensitive technique, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The study included 24 people with different health status that included pregnant women, HIV positive patients, feverish patients and healthy individuals.Using PCR, HSV-2 gpG gene were detected in the plasma of 5 pregnant women (83.3%) and one HIV positive patient (16.7%). Analysis by Chi-square indicated there were a good statistical significant difference between the presence of HSV-2 DNA among the respondents included in this study (P<0.05). Patient’s age, and gender had no statistically significant effect on the presence of the HSV-2 DNA in the plasma. It is concluded that HSV-2 viremia exist during primary exposure to thevirus and recommended avoidance of blood transfusion during acute attacks of herpes genitalis.

Keywords: DNA; Genitalis; Herpes simplex; PCR; Plasma; Viremia.
Public Health Challenges of Restorative Dental Practice in Low Resource Settings during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: MENAKAYA Ifeoma Nkiruka , MENAKAYA Nnamdi Chuks
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 remains a major public health threat globally, and has challenged healthcare systems and services including oral health

Objective: This study examines the key public health challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings. While healthcare services are learning to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, dental care services, in particular restorative dental practice have been adversely impacted because of the closeness of caregivers to the patient’s mouth as well as the generation of aerosols during most restorative procedures. This presents a challenge for low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria where weak and poor governance structures characterize healthcare systems in addition to paucity of economic resources. Another challenge in the form of COVID-19 conspiracy theories has threatened to undermine public health efforts designed to control the pandemic.

Conclusion: The implementation of optimal guidelines and safety protocols for effective COVID -19 infection prevention and control is a major challenge for restorative dental care practice in low resource settings owing to paucity of key material resources and inappropriate behaviour associated with lingering doubts about COVID-19 reality among the majority of the populace. The Safer Aerosol-Free Emergent Dentistry concept offers a viable practical approach for restorative dental practice in LMICs during and in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. There is a need to deploy all resources, human and material, in the education and enlightenment of the populace regarding the reality of COVID-19.

, COVID-19 pandemic
Aetiology and presentation pattern of mandibular fractures at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Authors: OGBEZODE Mathew Ekhaleafo , OROMAKINDE Emmanuel Akinwumi , NGENE Faith Nonyelum , SULEIMAN Ibrahim Kayode , IDRIS Kabiru
Published: January 2022

Background: The mandible is the biggest and the main bone occupying the lower third of the face, and it is prone to fracture because of its prominence. Fracture of the mandible is more common in some major parts such as, the angle, the canine region, and the condylar neck due to its weakness in those regions.

Objective: To analyse the aetiology and presentation pattern of mandibular fractures at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri

Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective descriptive study approved by the Ethical Review Board of Borno State Ministry of Health. A total number of 956 facial fracture cases, which included both old cases retrieved from the record book and new cases seen during the period under review, was recorded. Out of this total, 252 mandibular fracture cases were seen during the seven-year period at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri. The patients seen were examined clinically and radiographically by a team of three independent dental surgeons after calibration was done by a consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon. All patients and cases included in the study were properly briefed and informed consent taken prior to carrying out the study.

Results: A total of 956 facial fractures were recorded: 252 cases were mandibular fractures, accounting for a prevalence 26.4%. Males accounted for 76.2% and females 23.8% with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. Age range was 11-60yrs with a mean age of 27.7yrs. Those aged 21-30yrs showed the highest level of distribution in the sampled cases, and most of the fractures occurred on weekends, especially Friday which accounted for 34.4% of cases. The major aetiology of most fracture is road traffic accident in 122(48.8%) cases and the body (44.8%) of the mandible was noted as the most commonly affected site.

Conclusion: Although road traffic accident appeared to be the major aetiology of mandibular fracture in this study, a substantial part of assault related causes are due to blast related injuries to the mandible. The age distribution, sex, location and treatment modalities still remain the same.
Assessment of some biochemical indices in red meat tendered with potash and extract of Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Ugbeni O.C. , Ibironke B.A. , Ikhelegbe-Ojo D.I.
Published: January 2022

Some changes in biochemical composition in red meat boiled with potash and extracts of Ocimum basilicum was the crux of this research. Fresh beef were divided evenly into 4 groups labeled A-D. Group A was boiled with distilled water, group B was boiled with potash in distilled water, group C was boiled with extract of Ocimum basilicum while group D was boiled with a mixture of potash and Ocimum basilicum. All samples were boiled for fifteen minutes. Samples were taken for analysis at zero hour and after every 48hrs. The samples were stored in a freezer at -4ºC. The pH, malonedialdehyde concentration, acid value, total protein, percentage metmyoglobin and heme iron were determined. The pH values showed significant increase (p<0.05) in red meat boiled with both potash and extracts of Ocimum basilicum from 0 to 144 hours. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed in the malondialdehyde concentration and acid value for the duration of the experiment. A significant (p>0.05) decrease in the total protein content was observed after 96 hours in red meat boiled with potash. The results for percentage metmyoglobin content showed a significant difference (P<0.05) and a decrease in red meat boiled with Ocimum basilicum and both potash and Ocimum basilicum after 96 and 144 hours. The results for heme iron concentration showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in red meat boiled with Ocimum basilicum from 0 to 144 hours while an increase was observed in red meat boiled with potash after 96 hours.
THIẾT KẾ VÀ CHẾ TẠO ROBOT HỖ TRỢ VẬT LÝ TRỊ LIỆU
Authors: TRẦN HỮU TOÀN
Published: January 2022

Nhận thức được tầm quan trọng, những thách thức về học thuật cũng như xu hướng phát triển của các loại robot xương khớp ngoài, bài báo trình bày về việc thiết kế và chế tạo một mẫu robot xương khớp ngoài hỗ trợ quá trình vật lý trị liệu cho phần chi trên. Những nghiên cứu ban đầu về đặc tính cơ sinh đối với chi khớp trên (từ vai đến bàn tay) của con người giúp cho chúng tôi có những cơ sở để phân tích đặc điểm và xác định các yêu cầu thiết kế. Dựa vào những yêu cầu về mặt công suất và hỗ trợ lực, các phương án truyền động và các lựa chọn cơ cấu được đưa ra. Từ đó, chúng tôi phát triển một nguyên mẫu của robot xương khớp ngoài với tên gọi là RAR (Rehabilitation Assistance Robot) với các bản vẽ thiết kế, chế tạo và tiến hành gia công nguyên mẫu của robot. Để RAR làm việc và thao tác hỗ trợ người bệnh, các thiết kế điều khiển và lập trình cho robot RAR được thực hiện dựa trên nền tảng chế độ điều khiển thời gian thực, kèm theo một bảng điều khiển các chế độ làm việc cho người sử dụng. Robot được đánh giá về hiệu quả ứng dụng thông qua các bài tập mẫu về vật lý trị liệu trên người khỏe mạnh và một số bệnh nhân.
Ticari Yolcu Otobüsünün Yorulma Ömürlerinin Sanal Analizler ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Ahmet Salih , ÇİFCİ Erol , DEMİR Kemal , ÇAKMAK Ahmet Alperen , TÜRKAN Önder
Published: January 2022

Ticari firmalar, tasarladıkları araçların hizmet süresi boyunca belirli bir km’ de müşterilerine ömür garantisi vermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında bir ticari aracın yorulma ömür hasarları, sonlu elemanlar ve araç dinamiği paket programları kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır.
Sonlu elemanlar ve araç dinamiği analizleri öncesinde, test aracı ile gerçek yol verileri toplanmıştır. Toplanan yol verileri, analizler için girdi olarak kullanılmıştır. Sanal araç modeli ile fiziksel araç modeli arasında korelasyon sağlanmıştır. Korelasyonu yapılan sanal araç modelinin analizleri neticesinde elde edilen sonuçlar yardımıyla araç geliştirme aşamasında yapılan tasarım değişikliklerine yön vermiştir. Bu sayede, araçların arzu edilen çalışma ömrü içerisinde yapısal hasara uğramadan hizmet vermesi sağlanmıştır.
Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Perspektif Islam dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Peserta Didik
Authors: Mustofa Bisri , Rukhviyanti Novi , Cepi Barlian Ujang
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akar masalah pendidikan karakter untuk meningkatkan disiplin peserta didik. Penerapan disiplin ini merupakan permasalahn yang belum terpecahkan sejalan dengan kompleksitas perubahan lingkungan, baik salam sisi perencanaan, pelaksanaan maupun penilaian. Kompleksitas perubahan menyebabkan benturan kepentingan, disorientasi nilai dan fungsi, dan timbulnya konflik. Kompleksitas muncul bersamaan dengan perubahan yang melahirkan perilaku yang liar dan tak terkendali menyebabkan makin melemah dan hilangnya nilai-nilai kebenaran, kejujuran, rasa keadilan, kemanusiaan dan keadaban. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi munculnya masalah tersebut. Diantaranya belum optimalnya pemberdayaan raw input peserta didik, pemberdayaan instrumental input meliputi kurikulum, belum optimalnya keterlibatan environmental input dan output pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini berfokus pada masalah yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian dalam menejemen pendidikan karakter melalui perspektif islam dalam menigkatkan disiplin peserta didik di SMAN 10 kota Bandung. Adapun kegunaan penelitian ini pertama bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang manajemen pendidikan karakter melalui persektif islam dalam meningkatkan disiplin. Selain itu yang kedua adalah untuk untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter melalui perspektif islam dalam meningkatkan disiplin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian SMAN 10 Bandung secara umum dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa manajemen pendidikan karakter untuk meningkatkan disiplin peserta didik sudah terlaksana dengan berjalannya fungsi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Perencanaan pendidikan karakter dituangkan dalam visi dan misi serta tujuan sekolah yang kemudian dituangkan dalam persiapan pembelajaran yang pada dasarnya setiap mata pelajaran memuat materi-materi yang berkaitan dengan karakter. Kegiatan penilaian dan evaluasi dilaksanakan pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung dan pada akhir pembelajaran
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Melalui Teknik Supervisi Kunjungan Kelas pada Pembelajaran Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Guru
Authors: Evriza Evriza
Published: January 2022

Rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia khususnya tenaga pendidik/guru merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam dunia pendidikan. Seperti kenyatan yang terjadi di SMK Negeri 1 Kota Bengkulu khususnya penggunaan media dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di tahun yang lalu berdasarkan hasil supervisi kepala sekolah pada 40 orang guru ditemukan data bahwa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran guru tidak menggunakan media. Guru  lebih banyak menjelaskan materi padahal materi tersebut dapat diperjelas dengan media yang dengan mudah didapat baik media yang tersedia di sekolah maupun di sekitar sekolah. Dari 40 orang guru di SMK Negeri 1 Kota Bengkulu hanya 10 orang (25%) yang sudah menggunakan media dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sedangkan 30 orang (75%) lainnya masih tidak menggunakan media. Melalui kunjungan antar kelas ini diharapkan guru akan memperoleh pengalaman baru dari teman sejawatnya yang lebih profesional. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dengan subyek guru SMK Negeri 1 Kota Bengkulu berjumlah 40 orang. Pada setiap siklus terdapat kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi. Data observasi dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran dimana pada siklus 1 pertemuan 1 adalah 60% dengan kategori cukup, meningkat pada pertemuan 2 menjadi 67% dengan kategori baik. Pada siklus 1I pertemuan 1 meningkat menjadi 75% dengan kategori baik dan terjadi lagi peningkatan pada pertemuan 2 menjadi 85% dengan kategori sangat baik. Pelaksanaan supervisi dengan teknik kunjungan antar kelas pada siklus I pertemuan 1 adalah 64% dengan kategori baik meningkat menjadi 76% dengan kategori baik pada pertemuan 2, Pada siklus 2 pertemuan 1 meningkat lagi menjadi 81% dengan kategori sangat baik dan pada pertemuan 2 menjadi 88% dengan kategori sangat baik
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Work From Home untuk Menilai Kinerja Karyawan Astra Credit Companies Bekasi Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Immanuel Julio
Published: January 2022

Tujuan  dari  penelitian  ini  adalah  untuk menganalisis tentang faktor-faktor  bekerja  dari rumah  (Work  From Home) untuk menilai kinerja karyawan selama pandemi COVID-19 pada   Perusahaan finance. Metode  penelitian  yang  digunakan  dalam  penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif  deskriptif.  Jenis  data  yang  digunakan  dalam penelitian  ini  adalah  data  kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini narasumber yang digunakan sebanyak 5 orang karyawan Astra Credit Companies (ACC). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah work from home membuat karyawan lebih fleksibel dalam melakukan pekerjaannya serta dapat memberikan solusi untuk menghemat biaya operasional serta membatasi penyebaran Virus Covid-19 melalui Social Distancing
Hak-Hak dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas Akibat Merger pada Bank Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Rayan Makhfirah R Dinan
Published: January 2022

Merger adalah salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh bank-bank di Indonesia untuk mengembangkan usahanya, menambah modal dan membuat sinergi perbankan yang merupakan strategi bisnis di masa yang akan datang. Tindakan tersebut pastinya diambil melalui Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS). Peserta Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) yaitu para Pemegang Saham, Komisaris dan Direksi. Dalam kenyataannya didalam suatu perusahaan yang sudah berbentuk perseroan maka pemegang saham akan terbagi kedalam dua jenis apabila dilihat dari komposisi kepemilikan sahamnya yaitu pemegang saham mayoritas dan pemegang saham minoritas. Kepentingan antara pemegang saham dominan atau mayoritas dan pemegang saham minoritas dalam menjalankan usaha perusahaan seringkali tidak sejalan satu sama lain. Apabila dalam Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) terdapat perbedaan pendapat antara pemegang saham mayoritas dengan pemegang saham minortitas dan mekasnisme pengambilan keputusan itu suara terbesar berdasarkan saham terbanyak maka  pemegang saham minoritas ini akan selalu kalah dibandingkan pemegang saham mayoritas. Hal tersebut sangat merugikan pemegang saham minoritas dikarenakan tidak tercapainya maksud dan tujuan mereka karena dikalahkan oleh sistem pengambilan suara berdasarkan saham terbanyk. Oleh karena itu pemegang saham minoritas perlu untuk dilindungi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Hak-hak pemegang saham minoritas yaitu hak perseorangan (personal right), hak penilaian (appraisal right), hak yang didahulukan (pre-empitive right), hak angket (enquette right), dan hak derivatif. Ada dua bentuk perlindungan hukum yaitu bersifat preventif dan refresif. Bentuk perlindungan preventif, yaitu perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pemegang saham minoritas khususnya PT terbuka. Perlindungan preventif adalah perlindungan untuk mencegah adanya sengketa. Perlindungan preventif ini, subjek hukum diberikan kesempatan untuk mengajukan keberatan atau pendapatnya sebelum suatu keputusan pemerintah mendapat bentuk yang definitif. Sedangkan  Perlindungan hukum represif bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa yang terjadi di masyarakat agar tercapai penyelesaian yang adil. Penanganan perlindungan hukum oleh pengadilan umum dan peradilan administrasi di Indonesia termasuk kategori perlindungan hukum ini
Evaluation of Systematic Monetary Influences in Pakistan’s Perspective
Authors: Malik Muhammad Fahad , Rasheed Rukhsana , Ishaq Mazhar Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Traditional macroeconomic theories establish relationship among certain macroeconomic variables based on assumptions of perfect competition and resulting flexible prices. Theories based on these assumptions might not hold for developing economies due to imperfect market structure and fragile financial institutions. This study attempts to analyze the quantity theory of money (QTM) and Phillips curve (PC) relationship from long-run perspective for economy of Pakistan. QTM relates complete absorption of money growth effect into inflation, and PC establishes negative relationship between inflation and unemployment. In the long-run, money is assumed to have only inflationary or nominal effect. Therefore, presence of any long-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, once inflations is a pure monetary phenomenon in the long-run, cast serious doubts regarding long-run neutrality of money. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modelling approach is opted to analyze long-run impact of money growth on inflation, and long-run effect of inflation on unemployment. The long-run relationship between inflation and unemployment is statistically insignificant for economy of Pakistan. Furthermore, results of this study show that inflation, even in the long-run, does not adjust as theorized in QTM.
Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey
Authors: ESEN Yunus
Published: January 2022

This study provides new records of water mites from Erzincan, Gümüşhane and Tunceli provinces (Turkey). Thirteen species have been registered as new for the hydrachnid water mite fauna of the study area. Parathyas colligera (K. Viets, 1923) is a new record for the fauna of Turkey. So far, no water mite records have been given from the provinces of Tunceli and Gümüşhane. Including the new data, the total number of taxa recorded from Erzincan province tallies 81 species in 17 families.
An Introduction: Digital Marketing towards Graph theory
Authors:   M. Sc, MCA, M. Tech, Asst.Professor, Departmentof M.Sc.Mathematics, Ch.S.D.St. Theresa’sAutonomous College,Eluru, AndhraPradesh, Mulagapati Durga devi
Published: January 2022

This paper gives a technical define of the fundamentals of on-line advertising. The establishment consists of a creation to virtual advertising and strategic making plans and development. Digital advertising has come to be a totally effective device within side the current for manufacturers. It has supplied a big platform to the customer. Advertising performs a vital function in advertising and with the discovery of mass media and print media which has come to be a full-fledged science. Virtual era and marketing and marketing collectively delivered revolution within side the industrial field. In a nutshell, this paper gives a top level view of virtual advertising and its techniques for lively and powerful Web presence.
Assessment of drought trends in the Senegal River Basin by a terrestrial water storage index (GRACE)
Authors: Faye Cheikh
Published: January 2022

Droughts lead to significant environmental and economic consequences, especially in arid and semi-arid areas like the Sahel. While site-level assessments of drought in the Sahel are abundant, assessments at the scale of entire hydrological basins are less common. Here, we use a new drought index called the terrestrial water storage index (TWSI) to assess trends in drought throughout the Senegal River Basin. This area covers parts of Guinea, Mali, Senegal, and Mauritania, the study period is between 2003 and 2020. Over the entire period, water storage in the Senegal River Basin is increasing by 0.87 km3 y-1 on the total area of the basin. However, we observed two distinct phases within the time period: an overall water deficit between 2003 and 2012 and a surplus between 2013 and 2020. We also found variations in terrestrial water storage from highly negative at the end of the dry season (-12.47 cm in May 2003) to strongly positive at the end of the rainy season (15.30 cm in September 2020). Our study suggests that the TWSI can be a useful index for regional hydrological drought monitoring, especially for areas where meteo-hydrological observations are insufficient.
A peculiar tale of vomiting – rumination syndrome in three adult patients
Authors: Alam Laima , Alam Mafaza , Faraid Varqa
Published: January 2022

Rumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with effortless, non-projectile regurgitation seen mostly in paediatric population and seems to be an uncommon gastrointestinal disorder due to lack of awareness among physicians. Here we report three such cases in adult patients that were labeled “refractory vomiting”. No such case has been reported from Pakistan which makes this a unique case series. All of our patients were diagnosed within six to fifteen months of initial symptoms, hence a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of Rumination Syndrome to avoid excessive and repeated investigations, causing emotional trauma and financial loss to the patients and their families.
Keywords: Manometry, ROME-IV, Rumination syndrome, Vomiting.
Association of Equiliberative Nucleoside Transporter (ENT) with liver fibrosis stage in Hepatitis-C
Authors: Furqan Bhatti  , Binafsha Manzoor Syed  , Ikram Din Ujjan
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the pattern of equiliberative nucleoside transporters in viral hepatitis responding and non-responding patients, to correlate the liver fibrosis stage with the pattern among the non-responders, and to correlate the equiliberative nucleoside transporter status with housekeeping hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene.
Method: The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan, from March to August 2018, and comprised adult hepatitis C virus patients of either gender who completed six months of treatment. They were assessed for response to therapy in terms of the presence of the viral load in their serum by using real time polymerase chain reaction, and divided into responder group A and non-responder group B.  The groups were compared and correlation between equiliberative nucleoside transporter expressions and liver fibrosis was evaluated. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 80 patients, 33(41.3%) were males and 47(58.8%) were females. The overall mean age was 37.46±10.61 years. In terms of response to treatment, there were 40(50%) in each of the two groups. Mean post-treatment duration was 15.38±30.09 weeks. Age was not significantly different with respect to gender (p>0.05), but the age pattern was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Also, non-responders had significant post-treatment duration compared to the responders (p<0.001). Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene showed no significant difference between the groups (p=0.144).
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Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Pasar Global
Authors: Rambe Dhea Nita Syafina , Aslami Nuri
Published: January 2022

This article contains about how to implement marketing strategies in the world of global or international markets in Indonesia. As we know that Worldwide Promotion is the act of displaying by worldwide organizations having worldwide organizations with worldwide advertising techniques, worldwide business sectors and worldwide products and guidelines in different countries. Globalization is another test for organizations in implementing promotion methodologies. Due to globalization, organizations are required to compete with organizations that have large capital and quality goods. To date, Indonesia is a hotly contested target market. Globalization and market competition require all leaders to focus on the world climate. This review aims to find a worldwide advertising methodology in the Indonesian market for Indonesian organizations. The examination strategy used is an expressive investigative technique. The combination of a variety of display procedures and standard promotion techniques is a worldwide advertising methodology that is appropriate to the economic situation in Indonesia.

Keywords: Marketing, Global Marketing Strategy, Globalization.
PEMANFAATAN BAWANG PUTIH, KAYU MANIS, CENGKEH, DAN KUNYIT SEBAGAI PAKAN ADITIF MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA BROILER
Authors: Lestari Dian , Bilyaro Woki , Anugrah Lase Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Broiler merupakan sektor peternakan unggas yang banyak disukai oleh peternak karena proses pembudidayaan yang lebih singkat, namun broiler rentan terhadap cekaman akibat perubahan cuaca yang ekstrim. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan tanaman bawang putih, kayu manis, cengkeh, dan kunyit sebagai pakan aditif untuk meningkatkan perfoma broiler. Riset ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Total broiler yang digunakan yaitu 70 ekor. Data diolah dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Peubah yang diamati konsumsi pakan, bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, dan FCR. Hasil riset membuktikan bahwa penggunaan perlakuan P0, P1, P2, P3, dan P4 belum mampu menjadi alternatif pakan aditif yang meningkatkan performa broiler. Namun penggunaan kayu manis 1% memperlihatkan angka yang lebih tinggi. Simpulan dari riset ini yaitu penggunaan bawang putih, kayu manis, cengkeh, dan kunyit dalam pakan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap performa broiler.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 2 SUBAGAN
Authors: Putri Ni Ketut
Published: January 2022

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan di kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Subagan bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan pendekatan Saintifik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa bagi siswa kelas IV pada SD Negeri 2 Subagan Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Hasil penelitian pada data kognitif pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa dari 17 siswa ada 2 siswa yang belum tuntas dalam pembelajaran presentase anak yang tidak tuntas adalah 11,76%, sedangkan siswa yang tuntas berjumlah 15 orang dengan presentase 88,24% nilai modus pada siklus I adalah 60. Pada siklus II tidak ada siswa yang tidak tuntas dan  siswa yang tuntas dalam pembelajaran berjumlah 17 orang sehingga yang tuntas 100% dengan nilai modus siklus II nya adalah 70.
Comprehensive TsNIGRI work in the Lena gold-bearing area: from placer study to the Sukhoi Log potential assessment
Authors: IVANOV Anatoly , SIDOROVA Evgenya
Published: January 2022

The paper reviews to the systematic research of the Lena gold-bearing area by TsNIGRI (until 1957 NIGRIZoloto). The most important results of Lena expedition of this Institute (1938–1963) are presented. The role of crew members of the Lena field season in the early studies of the Sukhoi Log gold deposit conducted in cooperation with the Irkutsk Geological Department specialists is highlighted. TsNIGRI contribution to the further long-term study of the Sukhoi Log aimed at correct estimation of this giant gold deposit’sreserves is shown.
Institutional Change in Clinical Trials in the era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miyaji Tempei , Kiuchi, Takahiro , Yamaguchi Takuhiro
Published: January 2022

To understand the current phenomena of conducting clinical trials in the era of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and prepare for a change in conduct, it might be worth to understand the phenomena of clinical trials from the perspective of “institutional change”. This short perspective paper will describe the basic concepts of institutions and institutional change and explore expected institutional changes in clinical trials as a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Speleogenesis in a lens of metamorphosed limestone and ankerite: Ochtiná Aragonite Cave, Slovakia
Authors: Bella Pavel , Bosák Pavel , Pruner Petr , Hercman Helena , Pukanská Katarína , Bartoš Karol , Gaál Ľudovít , Haviarová Dagmar , Tomčík Peter , Kdýr Šimon
Published: January 2022

The Ochtiná Aragonite Cave (Western Carpathians) represents an unique natural phenomenon. It originated under particular lithological and hydrogeological conditions of the Ochtiná Karst in which several isolated lenses of Paleozoic crystalline limestone (marbles), partly metasomatically altered to ankerite, are enclosed by phyllites. Meteoric water seepage through non-carbonate rocks dissolved limestone and caused the oxidation of ankerite to Fe oxyhydroxides. Carbon dioxide produced during ankerite oxidation enhanced limestone dissolution. The maze cave consists of parallel fault-controlled linear passages and chambers interconnected by transverse horizontal passages. Phreatic and epiphreatic solution morphologies resulted from slowly moving or standing water. These include flat ceilings (Laugdecken), facets (planes of repose, Facetten), lateral notches, convection ceiling cupola-shaped depressions, and spongework-like hollows. Flat ceilings were developed in several altitude positions, each of them probably closely below the slightly oscillated water table. Primary phreatic cupola-shaped depressions, truncated by flat ceilings, represent relics of the oldest cavities (pre-Quaternary? to Early Pleistocene). Inward-sloping smooth facets were not developed only in passages with flat ceilings, but also in the passages and halls with a vaulted ceiling. The asymmetrical shape of cusped depressions above the facets were documented in detail by a high-resolution cave topography with terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. Middle–Late Pleistocene accumulation phases, identified by magnetostratigraphy of cave sediments and U-series dating of speleothems, are associated with phreatic and later epiphreatic development. The deposition on the bottom bedrock began before 1.8 Ma. The Brunhes/Matuyama boundary (0.773 Ma) and Jaramillo magnetozone (0.990–1.071 Ma) were recorded in the profile in the Oválna chodba Passage. Slow depositional rate (~0.09 cm/kyr) calculated from magnetostratigraphy resulted from slow water movement in confined conditions in marbles completely enclosed by phyllites and no direct relation to the surface. Only occasionally turbid water was loaded in extremely fine-grained infiltration material and autochthonous Fe oxyhydroxides. The depositional rate in Mn-rich layer was much slower (~0.03 cm/kyr). Additional U-series dating confirmed that old aragonite generations (with ages about 500–450 ka and 143–121 ka) were partly corroded by repeated floods during Late Pleistocene humid episodes. Aragonite younger than 13.5 ka is not corroded.
Estimation of the moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon and calorific values of saw dust briquettes
Authors: INEGBEDİON Francis
Published: January 2022

“One way of making efficient use of existing resources is briquetting. Briquetting involves collecting combustible materials that are not usable due to lack of density, and compressing them into solid fuels of convenient shape that can be burnt like wood or charcoal”. “Biomass briquette is one of the proven ways of generating energy from waste”. “Fossil fuels, wood fuels and natural gas are the major sources for energy in Nigeria today”. “The excess use of these fuels will lead to serious environmental issues like global warming, air pollution and deforestation”. “This work is focused on estimating the heating values of sawdust briquettes to ascertain its suitability for domestic use and small-scale industrial cottage application”. “The results obtained shows that average percentage moisture content is 5.04%, average percentage volatile matter is 10.80%, average percentage ash content is 3.85%, average percentage fixed carbon is 80.95% and average percentage calorific value is 26918.02KCal/Kg. These results indicate that the briquettes made from sawdust have high heating value enough for domestic use and small-scale industrial cottage applications”.
Presentación
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 588, 1997: 951-952.
Magnitud de la violencia en El Salvador
Authors: Cruz José Miguel , González Luis Armando
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo intenta establecer la magnitud del problema de la violencia en la actualidad sobre la base del examen de los registros y expedientes de distintas instituciones relacionadas con el seguimiento del delito en El Salvador y con el uso de las encuestas de victimización. Los autores encontraron que el nivel de violencia no sólo se expresa en distintos indicadores de muerte por violencia intencional sino también en la violencia contra la propiedad. Además, la revisión de las estadísticas de la década de los setenta sugiere que el problema de la violencia no es nuevo en El Salvador; en esas fechas -antes de la guerra-, este país acusaba una de las tasas de homicidios más altas de la región.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 588, 1997: 953-966.
Martirio en la iglesia actual. Testigos de Cristo en El Salvador
Authors: Tojeira José María
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo expone la experiencia del martirio en la antigüedad y la compara con la de América Latina, concretamente con dos casos específicos: el de Monseñor Romero y el de los jesuitas de la UCA. Monseñor Romero proponía justicia, diálogo, partipación, reparto de la riqueza ... a partir del pacifismo. Se ocupó de los derechos de los pobres. Asimismo, los jesuitas fueron intelectuales que amaron profundamente la verdad y usaban la razón como arma. Los rasgos característicos de los mártires del pasado, como son la dimensión política del compromiso cristiano, la opción pacífica por la transformación del mundo, la identificación con Cristo, la creación de Iglesia, etc., se manifiestan también en los jesuitas, Monseñor Romero y muchos otros.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1997: 1091-1114.
El empantanamiento de la condonación de la deuda agraria
Authors: Romano Martínez Luis Ernesto
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1998: 1187-1190.
Conferencia: Los inmigrantes en Estados Unidos, impartida por los congresistas norteamericanos en la Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1997: 1213-1221.
An evaluation of the homoeopathic drug proving of Suiherlandia fruiescens in the light of a doctrine of signatures analysis
Authors:   , Low Lisa
Published: January 2022

The first objective was to investigate the effect of Sutherlandia frutescens 30CH on healthy provers and to record the signs and symptoms produced, so that it could be prescribed according to the Law of Similars, as required by homoeopathy. The second objective was to analyze the symptoms obtained from this proving according to the doctrine of signatures. It was hypothesized that Sutherlandia frutescens 30CH would produce observable signs and symptoms in healthy volunteers which would correlate to a doctrine of signatures analysis of the plant. A double blind proving of Sutherlandia frutescens 30CH was conducted. 24 provers were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the first consisted of 18 provers who received medicated powders and the second consisted of the remaining six who received placebo. The subjects were unaware of the nature of the substance that they took nor the potency thereof as an added control measure. Provers were examined and kept journals before, during and after administration of the remedy so as to serve as their own control. This information, along with data collected by the researchers from case histories and physical examination, was then assessed on completion of the proving. The researchers then translated the symptoms elicited into Materia Medica and repertory language and formulated a homoeopathic picture of this remedy. Data was analyzed by qualitative methods, as the data was not amenable to standard
Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus casei using resistant starch from Vigna unguiculata
Authors:   , Rengadu Danielle
Published: January 2022

The use of functional foods is increasing globally with individuals aiming to maintain a healthy gut causing an increasing trend associated with probiotics in the health sector. Probiotics are live microorganisms that aid in improving the digestive system and gut health, however, the main problem associated with probiotics are ensuring a safe delivery through transition to the colon in harsh gastrointestinal conditions. For probiotics to be considered effective to the host a growth of Log 7 is essential in the colon, thus the need for microencapsulation. Therefore, this study was aimed at analysing resistant starch isolated from cowpea as an encapsulation material for Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis, for beverage application. Five different cultivars of cowpea (Bechuana white, Fahari, PAN 311, TVU 11424 and DT129-4) were analysed to determine the amount of resistant starch yielded as well as structural and physicochemical properties to determine the most suitable cultivar for the encapsulation process. The resistant starch percentage obtained was found in the range of 9.42-13.74%, with DT129-4 yielding the most resistant starch. The structural and physicochemical results obtained showed that the resistant starch isolated from cowpea has the potential for microencapsulation with cultivar DT129-4 exhibiting the most favourable results. Resistant starch was used as an encapsulating medium for Lactobacillus casei (RSL), Bifidobacterium animalis (RSB) and for a combination of the two probiotic microorganisms (RSLB) at a ratio of 1:1. The encapsulation yield after freeze drying were between 81.55-88.78% with the viability of the microcapsules under simulated gastrointestinal conditions also observed. The microcapsules were added to apple juice and the viability and stability of the microcapsules examined over 28 d. The final viability for microcapsules in the juice at the end of 28 d for RSL, RSB and RSLB were 7.53, 6.98 and 7.46 Log CFU/mL. This study shows that that resistant starch from cowpea has great potential as an encapsulating membrane within the nutraceutical beverage manufacturing industry.
Relationship Pattern Of Formula Milk Using A Milk Bottle To The Risk Of Dental Caries In Children Aged 3-6 Years In Bontorannu Village Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Nurnainah Nurnainah , Palembai Asneni , Wahyuni Bahrum Sri , Suciani Suciani , Agrevita Andryana
Published: January 2022

WHO’s data in 2017 shows that 60-90% of children’s in industrilized countries experience dental caries. Whereas in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, based on a survey conducted by the Hasanuddin University Faculty of Dental Health in 2019 showed that children’s suffering from dental caries reached up to 90.05%. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the pattern of formula milk using milk bottles against the risk of dental caries in children. Type of the research is quantitative study with an observational method using a cross sectional approach. Population in this study were all children’s aged 3-6 years in Bontorannu Village, Bulukumba Regency who consumed formula milk using a milk bottle, as many 38 children’s. Sampling was done by nonprobability sampling with a total sampling technique. Research result shows that children who consume formula milk using milk bottles correctly as many 13 (34.2%) isn’t risk suffering of dental caries, and wrong as many 25 (65.8%) is risk suffering dental caries. The results of data analysis using the chi-square test obtained p value=0.000 (0.05), H0 is rejected or there is a significant relationship between the pattern of formula milk using milk bottles and risk dental caries in children’s.
Knowledge Analysis Of Pregnant Women On Prevention The Transmission Covid 19
Authors: Wahyuni Bahrum Sri , Sri Rejeki Irma , Fajri Fadlyatul , Nurnainah Nurnainah , Atika Rahil , Kayacilar Cengiz
Published: January 2022

Pregnant women are people with a high risk of contracting COVID 19, this is because pregnant women have a low immune system, making them more susceptible to disease or infection. Analysis of Knowledge Pregnant Women to the Prevention of Covid 19 Transmission in the Work Area of ​​the Public Health Bontomate'ne, District Jeneponto. The type of research used is quantitative with a descriptive research design using a cross sectional approach. To determine the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable by using joint measurements, the total population is 30 people, the sampling of this study uses purposive sampling technique so that the results are 30 respondents, the data measurement tool uses a questionnaire.  Chi-square test obtained p-Value = 0.01, which means it is smaller than <0.05. There is a relationship between. knowledge and prevention of Covid-19 transmission to pregnant women at the Bontomate'ne Health Center, Jeneponto Regency.
Policies for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises’ Development in the Republic of Moldova: Results and Challenges
Authors: ERHAN Lica , GAUGAS Tatiana
Published: January 2022

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are the main force for economic growth, but at the same time an extremely vulnerable sector, which constantly needs support from the state. Thus, one of the basic tasks in the state regulation of the activity of this sector involves the development of policies aimed to support small and medium business.
Effect of Regular Classroom Tests on Learning and Understanding of Concepts in Chemistry
Authors: Essiam Charles
Published: January 2022

This study employed regular classroom tests as an intervention to help students learn and understand the concepts periodicity and chemical bonds in chemistry. The participants of the study were thirty four second year science students at Swedru Senior High School in the Central Region of Ghana. These students were taught for eight weeks and at the end of each week made to take an essay-type test on the concepts they have learnt within the week and the previous weeks. Questions asked were constructed with increasing cognitive demand to challenge students to reason and apply the principles learnt in solving them. Descriptive feedback in the form of written comments was provided against any incorrect responses which did not reflect understanding of concepts learnt. These strategies adopted improved the performance of students in the weekly tests as most of the responses students provided in the weekly tests reflected understanding of the concepts learnt. The regular classroom tests made students revised their notes throughout the term and hence improved their performance in chemistry.
Paving the way for curriculum innovation through participatory action research in bilingual chemistry and bilingual biology lessons at German secondary schools: Results from a survey among teachers concerning their material demands
Authors: Brunnert Rainer , Tausch Michael W. , Bohrmann-Linde Claudia
Published: January 2022

This paper underlines the ongoing necessity of innovating school chemistry curricula in Germany, while acknowledging that both regular chemistry and CLIL chemistry lessons rely on the same governmental guidelines. In order to achieve curricular innovation successfully, cutting-edge curricular innovation research should be combined with participatory action research (PAR). There is no network of collaborating bilingual chemistry teachers. Therefore, a database of CLIL chemistry in Germany is created and a needs analysis is conducted to identify possible topics serving as starting points for innovation. The needs analysis focusing on the teachers’ demands as regards bilingual teaching materials addressed teachers of bilingual chemistry throughout Germany. The questionnaire comprises an open and a closed part. Additionally, CLIL biology teachers from North Rhine-Westphalia were included. The research reveals the respondents’ great demand in many key topics in chemistry and/or biology curricula. There is a particular interest in material for photosynthesis/respiration. A topical database of bilingual chemistry provision in Germany and bilingual biology provision in NRW was created. The survey helped select one innovative topic. Based on this, teachers will be recruited for PAR. Moreover, the teachers’ answers have reaffirmed current efforts into the development of bilingual chemistry teaching materials.
Science Teacher Action Research in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Feldman Allan
Published: January 2022

In this editorial I tell the story of science teacher action research in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In it I try to do two things. The first is to show how science teacher expertise can grow and be shared within an online community of practice (COP), and then distributed to a wider audience of science teachers. The second is to make problematic how we define action research and my role in facilitating the COP.
Lietuvos savivaldybių viešųjų bibliotekų projektinė veikla 1995–2017 metais
Authors: Biveinis Petras
Published: January 2022

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Lietuvos savivaldybių viešųjų bibliotekų projektinė veikla 1995–2017 m. Jį sudaro dvi dalys. Pirma dalis skirta bibliotekų projektinės veiklos iki 2007 m. apžvalgai: atskleidžiama Atviros Lietuvos fondo parama bibliotekoms, aptariami tarptautinių, nacionalinių ir vietos institucijų paremti projektai, apibūdinamas aljanso „Langas į ateitį“ vaidmuo steigiant viešuosius interneto prieigos taškus, mokant gyventojus kompiuterinio raštingumo. Antroje dalyje analizuojama bibliotekų projektinė veikla 2007–2017 m., pateikiant 2007, 2013, 2015–2017 metų projektų kiekybinius rodiklius ir atskleidžiant jų dinamiką. Pasitelkiant projektų finansavimo šaltinių, rėmėjų, tematikos, partnerysčių analizę apibūdinama jų skaičiaus ir lyginamojo svorio kaita bendroje projektų struktūroje. Atskleidžiama nacionalinių projektų „Bibliotekos pažangai“ (2008–2012) ir „Bibliotekos pažangai 2“ (2013 m. gruodžio mėn. – 2016 m. lapkričio mėn.) reikšmė bibliotekoms, jų bendruomenėms ir visuomenei.