bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science Literacy Among Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Gender and Academic Ability
Authors: Lukmana Dana , Maulida Ulfa
Published: November 2024

The lack of portraits of science literacy in elementary school students has become the main reason for this study. In addition, the latest literature review shows that not all factors suspected of influencing science literacy have been studied empirically. Therefore, this study aims to describe and analyze the differences in science literacy abilities of elementary school students based on academic ability. Participants involved in this study were 88 students from a number of elementary schools in Ternate City who were selected using stratified cluster sampling. Two research instruments were used, namely the academic ability test designed to be equivalent to final semester assessment questions (PAS) that focused on science content and a set of questions to measure science literacy abilities, most of which were adapted from Xiaoping Gu. The Two-Way ANOVA was used to analyze the hypothesis, which began with normality and homogeneity tests. The findings show that partially there are differences in the science literacy abilities of elementary school students in Ternate City based on gender (Sig.0.02<0.05) and academic ability (Sig.0.001<0.05). However, the interaction of the two factors was not confirmed to determine students' science literacy abilities (Sig.0.147>0.05). This means that changes in science literacy abilities influenced by gender do not depend on the level of student's academic abilities. Likewise, the increase in science literacy scores caused by academic abilities does not depend on gender.
Preferensi Wisatawan Perempuan terhadap Keputusan Membeli dan Menginap pada Hotel Ramah Lingkungan dan Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Karangasem
Authors: Kusumarini Indah , Diwyarthi Ni Desak Made Santi , Citrawati Luh Putu , Darmiati Made , Wiartha Nyoman Gede Mas
Published: November 2024

The increasing number of tourists and awareness of environmentally friendly hotels has encouraged the birth of research that analyzes the preferences of female tourists towards the decision to buy and stay at environmentally friendly and sustainable hotels in Karangasem Regency. This study uses a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach to 100 female tourist respondents who stayed at environmentally friendly and sustainable hotels in Karangasem Regency. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observations, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques using SPSS tools to test the validity and reliability of the data. The results of the Factor Analysis using the Kaiser Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy to test the significance of the attributes of each factor. Based on the correlation coefficient values ??of the attributes and attribute levels of environmentally friendly and sustainable hotels in Karangasem Bali, it is known that female tourists tend to pay more attention to the group of attractive advertising attributes, the number of followers, and promotions by famous artists with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.786 when choosing a hotel. The second important attribute group is friendly service and speed and accuracy of service with a correlation coefficient of 0.684. The third important attribute group includes the completeness of hotel facilities and the presence of local communities with a correlation coefficient of 0.283. However, ease of hotel access, display of advertisements in mass media, and local cultural activities are considered less important with a correlation coefficient of -0.727. Female travelers' preferences in choosing a hotel are also influenced by recommendations from others such as friends, colleagues, and family. Female travelers' preferences for purchasing and staying at environmentally friendly and sustainable hotels in Karangasem Regency
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Operasi Hitung Pembagian pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN Cideng 09
Authors: Pujiarti Pujiarti , Manurung Alberth Supriyanto
Published: November 2024

Mathematics in formal learning is one of the most important subjects taught to measure students' thinking skills in arithmetic. Students' difficulties in completing arithmetic operations can be caused by the imperfection of the mathematics learning process in class. This study aims to describe the difficulties in learning the arithmetic operation of division in grade IV students of SDN Cideng 09. The method used in qualitative research tends to obtain written or verbal descriptions of the attitudes of the community or real research objects, while in quantitative research, inductive data analysis is used, and researchers and informants are brought closer during data collection. This presentation will refer to the findings of a field study regarding learning challenges in grade IV students of SDN Cideng 09 and discuss the results of the instrument consisting of essay questions and several interviews. At SDN Cideng 09, one of the educators expressed his concern that grade IV students had difficulty understanding the concept of division. It seems that many students in this class have difficulty in mathematics, especially in division. The findings of this study reveal that a number of grade IV students of SDN Cideng 09 have difficulty understanding the basic concept of division. Finding solutions to division problems with multiplication will not be a problem for students if they truly understand division as repeated subtraction.
Implementasi Pembelajaran berbasis Proyek dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Kolaborasi pada Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Ilma Silfia , Rafiqa Syarifa
Published: November 2024

Collaboration skills play an important role in the success of prospective teacher students. Collaboration skills provide an opportunity for prospective teacher students to develop themselves. This study aims to improve students' collaboration skills in the learning media development course. This study uses a classroom action research (CAR) approach. The data collection technique is observation. The results of the study indicate that project-based learning makes a major contribution to improving students' collaboration skills. In cycle 1, the average student collaboration skills were 67.50 in the collaborative category. While in cycle 2, the average student collaboration skills were 81.25 in the very collaborative category. Project-based learning provides a good response for students to improve collaboration skills. In addition, project-based learning is able to facilitate creative thinking.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah untuk Pengembangan Profesi Guru
Authors: Nuriah Yuyun , Dalmeri Dalmeri , Supadi Supadi
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted by providing assistance to improve School Action Research (PTS) skills at the Permata Sari Foundation in Jakarta, which has approximately 30% of teachers with a pure science background, and 40% of young teachers have not received Teacher Professional Education (PPG). The condition of the teachers is a problem for the development of education at the foundation, so training is needed to conduct PTS. This assistance aims to provide knowledge and insight into 21st Century learning as a basis for teachers and Principals to plan PTS, so that they can improve the learning that is their responsibility. The assistance method is carried out by providing in-depth study of 21st Century learning materials, PTS theory, and providing guidance to teachers in planning PTS proposals. The assistance activities carried out by the Team from Indraprasta PGRI University were to increase insight and direct practice for teachers and Principals to prepare PTS Proposals. The assistance method was implemented by providing intensive training and practice in compiling PTS Proposals. The results of the study showed that teachers were able to plan PTS with the concept of 21st Century learning. There are five teachers who plan research in the realm of learning models, two teachers are interested in conducting PTS in the field of learning methods, two teachers plan PTS in improving learning media, and two teachers are interested in conducting action research in the field of attitudes and motivation. This study concludes that intensive and periodic mentoring with continued practice in a planned manner through online communication so that the PTS that have been made can be implemented by teachers and the Principal at the Permata Sari Foundation Jakarta, so that they can produce written works in the form of good articles.
Increasing Students’ Ability in Speaking by Using Video Blogs Media at the Seventh Grade of SMP Swasta Bunga Mawar Gunungsitoli in 2023/2024
Authors: Fau Sri Wahyuni , Laoli Adieli , Maru'ao Nursayani , Daeli Hidayati
Published: November 2024

The ability to speak is an expression of expressing opinions, thoughts and feelings in communicating and expressing oneself through interactions between people. Speaking is the basis for students to be confident in developing their potential in learning, especially learning English. This researcher aims to improve students' speaking skills by using video blog media. The method used in this research is the classroom action research method. The instrument of this research is the use of media through video blogs. The classroom action research carried out consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The research results showed that in cycle I there were 26 students who achieved a score of less than 70 as the limit for complete understanding, while 4 students scored more than 70. The average score for students' speaking ability through video blogs was 54.33%. Meanwhile, in cycle II, 2 students got a score of less than 70, while 28 students got a score of more than 70. The average score for students' speaking ability through video blogs was 80.28%. After conducting classroom action research at Bunga Mawar Gunungsitoli Private Middle School, this provides an illustration that learning using media through video blogs has improved students' speaking skills, especially in class VII at Bunga Mawar Gunungsitoli.
Peran Pendidikan Nilai dalam PKn untuk Membentuk Karakter Siswa di Era Digital
Authors: Armianti Riska , Ndona Yakobus , Saragi Daulat
Published: November 2024

The main problem that is a challenge in character formation through civic education is the increasing development of the digital era which changes the mindset and character of students. Therefore, value education in civics is needed to shape the character of elementary school students in the current digital era. This study uses a literature study method by searching for sources such as scientific articles, journals, and documents related to research problems. The data used are secondary data obtained from relevant books, articles, and journals. Data collection techniques include literature studies, listening techniques, and note-taking techniques. Through literature studies and empirical data analysis from several studies, it was found that the role of value education in civics has an important role in building the moral character of students in the digital era. Not only is it able to form good student character, but it also prepares students to face various challenges that arise due to negative content such as cyberbullying, hoaxes, gadget addiction, pornographic sites, and other unethical behavior. In the midst of rapid technological developments, civics aims not only to make students academically intelligent, but also to form a strong, creative, critical, and active moral character. Civic Education provides students with the skills to develop attitudes of tolerance, peace, harmony, and respect for diversity. Value education in Civic Education (PKn) plays a very important role in shaping students' character, especially in the challenging digital era. Digital technology provides broad access to information, but also has negative impacts. Therefore, a structured and innovative approach is needed in learning PKn, which not only educates students about the values ??of Pancasila, but also helps them develop digital literacy and online ethics. The role of families, teachers, and the community is also very crucial in supporting students' character education.
Ethnic Diversity and Climate Change Education in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Nurazimah Binti , Abdullah Nur Atiqah Tang
Published: November 2024

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a critical global environmental challenge, garnering more attention and discussion each year. This escalating urgency highlights the need for collective action and comprehensive solutions to address its far-reaching impacts. This issue bridges the roles of human values and the involvement of every segment of society. Malaysia is no exception as a multicultural nation with diverse ethnicities, cultures, and religions. In this context, the role of ethnicity emerges as a critical field for consolidating a holistic understanding of climate change education in Malaysia. The practice of environmental conservation, which includes mitigation and adaptation strategies to global impacts, requires an understanding of ecological citizenship to contribute positively to local and global environments. Therefore, global competence (knowledge, skills, cognitive values) related to climate change education is essential to be instilled in every society, especially from the school level. The idea of citizenship in Malaysia needs to be examined, particularly concerning issues of ethnic competition and related concepts. This study also provides insights into the sociological perceptions and differing ideas from various nations and their effects on the global competence of multi-ethnic students in Malaysia. The aspect of ethnic diversity and climate change education discusses the concept of ‘nations-of-intent,’ examining the global competence of multi-ethnic students through citizenship education, with a focus on knowledge, awareness, cognitive and social skills, as well as attitudes towards addressing global issues, particularly climate change. Thus, citizenship education must respond to the contextual challenges posed by the multi- ethnic nature of society to achieve a comprehensive understanding and development of global competence regarding climate change education in Malaysia.
Abeyance of the President’s Power: An Exposition of the Power of the President Outside the Territory of Ghana
Authors: Gyimah Leo Andoh Adjei
Published: November 2024

Since the decision of the Supreme Court in Asare v Attorney-General, which declared that the President is “unable to perform his functions” within the meaning of article 60(11) of the 1992 Constitution whenever he is out of the jurisdiction, a pertinent constitutional issue was birthed: “Does the President possess the Executive Power in its entirety when he is outside the territory of Ghana. In other words, “Is the President competent constitutionally, to bind Ghana to any action of his, anytime he is physically absent from the shores of Ghana?” This article discusses the undulatory nature of the Executive Power, between the President and the Speaker of Parliament in the light of the two Asare v Attorney-General decisions. This discussion is preceded by an excursion into the historical antecedents of article 60(11) of the 1992 Constitution. The article analyses whether it can be said that a situation of dual presidency is created between the President and the Speaker of Parliament, in the absence of the President and the Vice President from the airspace, landspace or territorial waters of Ghana. Lastly, the focus of the article is narrowed to the capacity of the President to represent Ghana at international conferences to make or sign treaties, resolutions and declarations.
Assessing the Inculcation and Internalization of the 21st-Century Skills among Social Studies Teachers and Primary Schools Pupils in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Sunday , Yaro Linda , Olakunle Falade , Dyenan Dasar , Ibrahim Polmi
Published: November 2024

The study examined the inculcation and internalization of 21st Century skills among Social Studies teachers and primary schools’ pupils in Plateau State, Nigeria. Four (4) research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey was employed and the research population comprised of 800 Social Studies teachers across the state out of which 120 were sampled for the research. 4,200 pupils were in the classes of the 120 Social Studies teachers sampled but only 1,200 were randomly sampled (10 pupils per class) and their behaviour observed. A semi-structured interview, checklist and questionnaire were used to collect data for the study. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation and independent sample t-test. The findings revealed a moderate knowledge level and inculcation of 21st Century skills knowledge among Social Studies teachers investigated in the study. Also, the study found that low internalization and demonstration of the 21st Century skills among primary school pupils examined. The study therefore, recommended that, Government should provide adequate support for refresher training for Social Studies teachers to improve their knowledge and skills on the inculcation of 21st Century skills components. Also, educational policy makers should develop clear guidelines and standard for integrating the 21st Century skills into the primary school curriculum for pupils’ benefits.
An Acoustic Study on the Citation Tones in Malaysian Mandarin
Authors: Ren Xin , Shin Chiew Poh
Published: November 2024

In the Global Chinese (GC) framework, Malaysia plays a crucial role in the spread and legacy of Mandarin. Although Malaysian Mandarin (MalM) has been extensively studied, its phonetic aspects have been neglected. Thus, this paper examines the four citation tones in MalM, in addition to the “checked quality”—termed the “fifth tone” (‘T5’) of MalM—by using Chinese dialectology supported by smartphone-based recordings. The findings suggest that, in MalM, the four tones contrast in tone height, tone value, and tone duration, with the main realizations being the high-level, low-level-rising, mid-falling, and high-falling contours, respectively. Other than the main tonal realizations, a number of variants are depicted. Furthermore, while MalM and Putonghua tones have evolved rather similarly, the checked quality—which is absent in Putonghua but was part of Middle Chinese, the shared ancestor of Putonghua and MalM—remains in MalM. However, there is a lack of distinctive phonemic contrast between Tone 4 and ‘T5,’ and there is insufficient evidence to consider ‘T5’ as a new tone category in this study. Unlike Putonghua, MalM is undergoing tonal reduction, like Singaporean and Taiwanese Mandarin. These findings indicate that, although Malaysian Mandarin (MalM) is undergoing substantial variations compared to Putonghua, it shares similarities with other Mandarin varieties, as there is some overlap in their tonal features. This study makes an empirical contribution to the body of research on tonal variations in the GC framework and echoes GC’s call for a pluricentric approach to Mandarin varieties.
The Storytellers: In-depth Interviews with Malaysian Documentary Filmmakers
Authors: Raja Zainal Hassan Raja Rodziah , Pyng Tan Huey , Choong Chong Eu
Published: November 2024

The study is based on a series of interviews conducted with the Malaysian documentary filmmakers Lau Kek-Huat, Amir Muhammad, Fahmi Reza, Harun Rahman, and Lara Ariffin between 2018 and 2021. The interviews aimed to probe into the documentary filmmaking process and investigate the underlying factors that motivate filmmakers to compose films about the Malaysian pre- and post-independence period. In the documentary, the filmmakers took the audience on a nostalgic and self-discovery journey. The documentary focused on people’s history, often overlooked in official history material. The storyteller’s role is to preserve the narrative and emphasize the value of people’s history in bridging the gaps within the nation’s history. Films have become an important source of meaning, contestation, and negotiation by providing an alternative history to their audience. The documentary probes the question of what it truly means to be Malaysian. The study utilizes the concept of the mediation of memory to comprehend the complex interaction between cultural memory and identity. The study employed thematic analysis as a systematic approach to examine interview data. The study explores cultural memory dimensions, focusing on film production, memory, and identity. The interviews revealed that the filmmaker’s role as a storyteller is critical for preserving and highlighting people’s history, as well as educating the audience, particularly Malaysia’s younger generation, to ensure that history is not lost and forgotten.
Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Orientations Versus Students’ Preferred Orientations in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Faize Fayyaz , Alribdi Nada Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have sufficiently debated science teachers’ pedagogical orientations (PO); however, research on students’ preferred or desired orientations is scarce. This study determined students’ preferred teaching orientations in relationship with their teachers’ PO. The sample included 313 grade VIII students and 94 teachers from middle schools in Peshawar-Pakistan. Three vignettes from the Pedagogy of Science Teaching Tests (POSTT) were used to find PO. Data was analyzed using frequency count, means, and t-test. The findings revealed students’ and teachers’ preferences for didactic direct and active direct orientations. However, the choice of orientation varied with the nature of the topic. The students and teachers showed the least preference for open inquiry orientation. A significant positive correlation existed between teachers’ PO and teaching experience, and a negative correlation existed between students’ preferred orientations and academic achievement in the general science subject. Interestingly, students with higher test scores preferred teacher-centered instead of student-centered orientations. The study suggests improving teacher education programs to train science teachers in inquiry orientations and its proper integration with science content at all levels.
UTJECAJ UMJETNE INTELIGENCIJE NA RAZVOJ TERORISTIČKIH ODNOSA S JAVNOŠĆU
Authors: Banožić Marko
Published: November 2024

Terorističke organizacije koriste strategije i aktivnosti odnosa s javnošću kako bi doprle do mainstream medija, a samim time i do javnosti. Zajednički su ciljevi suvremenoga terorizama i odnosa s javnošću privlačenje pažnje, prenošenje poruka i utjecaj na mišljenje. Vidljivo je da su pojedine terorističke organizacije, posebno Islamska država (IS), bile uspješno prilagođene digitalnomu okružju i stavile su komunikaciju na društvenim mrežama u središte svoje informacijske kampanje. Za koordinaciju svih službenih internetskih računa Islamske države bio je zadužen medijski centar Al Hayat. Vodili su ga visokoobrazovani tehnološki i komunikacijski stručnjaci koji su, između ostaloga, programirali aplikaciju Dawn of Glad Tidings koja omogućava prijenos informacija od vodstva preko boraca na bojištu pa sve do sljedbenika diljem svijeta. Zatim, Al Hayat zadužen je za provođenje hashtag kampanja na Twitteru. Komunikacijske platforme s omogućenom umjetnom inteligencijom (AI), uglavnom aplikacije za chat, moćni su alati za radikalizaciju. Posljednjih godina kroz primjenu umjetne inteligencije Rocket.Chat pojavio se kao vrlo pouzdana internetska komunikacijska platforma koju
je 2018. godine usvojila Islamska država, a kasnije i Al-Qaeda, namijenjena za širenje propagande putem servera. Osim toga, terorističke organizacije iskorištavaju deepfake koji pokreće umjetna inteligencija za širenje propagande i novačenja. Sposobnost terorističkih organizacija da koriste algoritme umjetne inteligencije za procjenu golemih količina podataka najkritičnija je značajka terorizma potpomognuta umjetnom inteligencijom. U radu se na primjerima iz prakse pokazuje u kojoj se mjeri umjetna inteligencija koristi u terorističkim odnosima s javnošću i (protu)terorističkim djelovanjima.

Ključne riječi: terorističke organizacije, odnosi s javnošću, Islamska država, umjetna inteligencija (AI), teroristički odnosi s javnošću
In Silico Study of Compounds from Nanoherbal Jopan (Clibadium surinamense L.) Leaves as Inhibitors AKT1 Interaction
Authors: Wati Dini Prastyo , Ilyas Syafruddin , Khairani Dina
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and mortality rates are on the increase. This study aims to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds from Clibadium surinamense L. leaves as inhibitors of AKT1 protein interactions, which play a crucial role in tumor growth mechanisms. Leaves of Clibadium surinamense L., obtained from Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, were extracted using methanol at a ratio of 1:20 for 48 h. The resulting extract was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the bioactive compounds. Drug likeness was then assessed according to Lipinski’s rules, and molecular docking analysis was performed using Autodock Vina. GC-MS results identified 11 bioactive compounds, including 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. Of the 8 compounds evaluated, 6 met the criteria for drug candidates. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant interactions between the bioactive compounds and the AKT1 protein. These findings suggest that bioactive compounds from Clibadium surinamense L. have potential as AKT1 interaction inhibitors, which could enhance cancer treatment mechanisms. This research paves the way for further studies on the therapeutic applications of these compounds in breast cancer treatment.
HIGHLIGHTS

Bioactive compounds were identified from Clibadium surinamense leaf extract using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.
Molecular docking analysis showed significant interactions between bioactive compounds and AKT1 protein.
Bioactive compounds from Clibadium surinamense have the potential to function as AKT1 interaction inhibitors to increase the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.
These findings pave the way for further studies regarding the therapeutic applications of these compounds in cancer treatment.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effects of Chitosan-based Coating Enriched with Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Skin Extract on Physicochemical, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Burger During Cold Storage
Authors: Badawy Ahmed , Saeed Gehad , Shehata Hassan , Mokhtar Sayed
Published: November 2024

The current study aimed to create a chitosan-based coating enriched with peanut skin extract (PSE) at a concentration of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%, and evaluate its impact on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of fresh beef burger stored at 4±1°C for 15 days. All coated burgers had significantly higher L*, a* and b* values than the uncoated control during storage. Also, the results showed that application of chitosan coating enriched with 0.5, 1 and 1.5% PSE significantly increased total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), inhibited lipid oxidation as evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV), retarded microbial growth and enhanced sensory characteristics of burger samples. Moreover, the positive effects of PSE on all investigated quality characteristics were proportional with the extract concentration. Therefore, using chitosan-based coating enriched with PSE enhances the stability of beef burger during cold storage and can be utilized in the meat industry.
De reconciliación política a rehabilitación funcional en las acciones estatales de reparación (Chile, 1992-2023)
Authors: Jorquera-Álvarez Tamara , Moretti Renato
Published: November 2024

La reparación integral constituye una obligación estatal frente a las violaciones de derechos humanos, aunque su realización depende de complejas configuraciones estratégicas. Este trabajo busca comprender el discurso de las acciones estatales chilenas de reconocimiento y reparación ante las violaciones ocurridas durante la última dictadura (1973-1990) y el estallido social (2019-2022). Desde un enfoque de gubernamentalidad, se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo que analiza, a través de documentación oficial, el discurso estatal y la trayectoria nacional de las acciones reparativas del Estado. Se identificó un largo proceso de construcción y estabilización entre 1990 y 2011, orientado a la reparación de la comunidad política y las víctimas individuales mediante las nociones de verdad, reconciliación y reparación integral. En contraste, entre 2019 y 2023, el estatus de la violación de derechos humanos se convirtió en objeto de controversia pública y política, configurándose una reparación adjetivada como integral, pero centrada en el tratamiento de lesiones físicas. Esto privilegió al cuerpo biológico como principal objeto de la acción reparatoria estatal, dejando de lado a la comunidad y a la persona como sujetos de reconocimiento y reparación.
New ichnofossil discovery in Mallorcan caves: Linking ancient and moden bat-ectoparasites coporolites.
Authors: Merino Juncadella Antonio , Fornós Joan J. , Mulet Antoni , Gines Joaquin
Published: November 2024

Bat ectoparasitic ichnofossils can be useful to elucidate microbial mediation in mineralization processes of organic material, supplying valuable information on ancient parasitology and palaeoecology, among other topics. Rod-shaped features found in Cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Mallorca, Spain) are described for the first time. They are related to an ancient bat colony inhabiting the cave in the Early Pleistocene. These micro-morphologies are cylindrical in shape with sizes of a few hundred microns in length and less than one hundred microns in diameter. They are composed by a mash of microscopic calcite particles of different sizes and shapes, lying on deposits that contain phosphates and clay minerals. Some of these rod-shaped morphologies are covered in microscopic crystals, whose mineralogy is composed mainly of calcite, associated with dolomite, quartz and clays, These deposits are interpreted as fecal droplets of bat ectoparasites (probably Nycteribiidae), that infested an ancient bat colony living in the cave before the collapse blocking of its natural entrances; from 2.4 Ma to present, the cave has remained sealed, preserving these deposits as a new ichnofossil related to invertebrate's coprolites. The observation of similar micro-structures in Cova de sa Guitarreta, another Mallorcan cave nowadays used for breeding by bats, allowed to study a present-day analogue; in this case, the rod-shaped structures are composed by organic detritus with lenticular concave forms (red blood cells?) and minute mineral particles. Therefore, these cylindrical features could be envisaged as excreta from bloodsucking bat flies, being represented by present-day deposits (Cova de sa Guitarreta) as well as fossil coprolites in the case of Cova des Pas de Vallgornera.
Metabolic stability of a hydrazone derivative: N′-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene)]-4-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy]benzohydrazide
Authors: Sellitepe Hasan Erdinç , Coşkun Göknil , Birgül Kaan , Ülgen Mert , Doğan İnci Selin
Published: November 2024

Metabolic stability, a key parameter in drug development, refers to a drug substance's resistance to metabolism. The failure rate can be significantly reduced by conducting metabolism studies for the drug candidate compound from the early stages. These studies are primarily carried out on in vitro microsomal enzymes, which play a crucial role in the process. Various analytical methods, predominantly liquid chromatography, can be used for analysis. In this context, we conducted metabolic stability studies of a hydrazone-sulfonate derivative compound previously synthesized by our group, the biological activity of which was investigated. Metabolic stability was determined by LC-MS/MS on rat microsomes in vitro. Analyses were performed at 0., 5., 10., 15, 30, and 60. minutes during incubation. The analysis revealed that the stability of the compound was highly cofactor-dependent, maintaining its stability without cofactor and in a buffer medium.
Kırsal Turizmin Geliştirilmesi Kapsamında Eğirdir’in Ev Pansiyonculuğu Potansiyelinin Araştırılması
Authors: Kemer Fadime Nur , Toksöz Derya
Published: November 2024

Kırsal turizmin bir parçası olarak ev pansiyonculuğu, yerel halkın ekonomik faaliyetlerini çeşitlendirmede ve bölgesel kalkınmayı hızlandırmada önemli bir etken olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu turizm modeli, kırsal alanlarda yerel halkın sahip olduğu evleri turistlere açarak, doğrudan gelir elde etmeleri ve yerel ürünleri/üretimleri desteklemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Eğirdir bölgesinin dokusu korunarak turizmden gelir edebilmesinin en önemli yollarından birinin bölgede kırsal turizmin geliştirilmesi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yürütülen araştırmada, Eğirdir yöresinin ev pansiyonculuğuna uygunluğunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ayrıca kırsal turizmin kalkındırılmasında önemli bir işlevi olan ev pansiyonculuğunun bölgeye kazandırılması için neler yapılabilir sorusunun cevapları ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, bölgede bulunan yerel halk ve kamu kurumu çalışanları ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 16 görüşmeci katılmış olup araştırma amacına uygun olarak 5 adet açık uçlu soru sorulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda Eğirdir’in doğal ve kültürel bağlamda önemli çekiciliklere sahip olduğu ancak konaklama bağlamında hâlihazırda yeterli kapasiteye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bölgede ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından ev pansiyonculuğu kurslarının düzenlenmesinin, katılımcıların talep ettiği bir durum olduğu belirtilebilir.
Digital economic development in the context of globalization: Research in Vietnam
Authors: Bui Thu Ha
Published: November 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution marks a remarkable development in the use of data and technology in all activities of social life. The trend of digitalizing the economy and social activities is taking place very quickly in many countries. The digital economy has become an increasingly important contributor to the gross domestic product of countries, especially in the post-COVID-19 recovery process. The XIII Congress documents have set the target of the digital economy reaching 20% of GDP by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Vietnam's provinces and cities have also issued resolutions specifying the goals of digital transformation and digital economic development for their localities. Digital economic development is considered an optimal solution to realize the aspiration of developing a strong and prosperous Vietnam, becoming a developed country, following a socialist orientation. In recent times, our Party and State have had many policies and guidelines to encourage the development of the digital economy. Thanks to that, the digital economy has made impressive progress, making Vietnam the leading digital economy in the region. However, besides the achieved results, many problems are arising in the development of the digital economy in our country today..
Keywords: Development, Digital Economy, Globalization
Perilaku Berisiko Terhadap Remaja Akibat Broken Home Di Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan Kota Sangatta
Authors: Amanda Ainun Alfrida , Ardyanti Dian , Rahayu Eka Putri
Published: November 2024

Anak yang mengalami broken home akibat perceraian dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam hal negatif pada anak seperti tekanan jiwa, perilaku anak yang kurang baik, emosi yang tidak dapat dikontrol, serta lebih suka menyendiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus yang menggunakan metode snowball sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman wawancara mendalam, field notes, alat perekam berupa handphone. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan cara manual menggunakan lembar matriks dengan menggunakan metode content analysis Hasil yang diperoleh adalah 11 orang informan yang melakukan perilaku berisiko seperti merokok, mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol, penyalahgunaan obat-obatan, serta seks bebas. Informan yang berasal dari keluarga yang broken home cenderung lebih bisa melakukan perilaku berisiko seperti merokok, konsumsi alkohol, penyalahgunaan obatobatan, serta seks bebas karena mereka merasa bahwa dengan terjadinya broken home dapat menjadikan mereka lebih bebas, kurang kasih sayang, depresi, serta merasa sedih dan di dukung oleh lingkungan pertemanan yang tidak baik sehingga mereka lebih bisa melakukan perilaku berisiko tersebut Perilaku berisiko yang dilakukan oleh remaja seperti merokok, mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol, penyalahgunaan obat-obatan, serta seks bebas memang benar adalah akibat dari broken home dan lingkungan pertemanan yang tidak baik. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan pihak Kecamatan Sangatta Selatan Kota Sangatta agar dapat bekerja sama dengan pihak Dinas Kesehatan Kota Sangatta untuk melakukan kegiatan edukasi tentang ilmu yang membahas terkait perilaku berisiko guna untuk mencegah terjadinya perilaku berisiko.
Influence of terrestrial and marine air mass on the constituents and intermixing of bioaerosols over a coastal atmosphere
Authors: He Qun , Wang Zhaowen , Liu Houfeng , Xu Pengju , Duan Rongbao , Xu Caihong , Chen Jianmin , Wei Min
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Coastal environments provide an ideal setting for investigating the intermixing processes between terrestrial and marine aerosols. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples categorized into terrestrial, marine, and mixed air masses were collected from a coastal location in northern China. The chemical and biological constituents, including water-soluble ions (WSIs), metallic elements, and bacterial and fungal aerosols, were investigated from January to March 2018, encompassing both the winter heating and spring dust seasons. Terrestrial air masses constituted 59.94 % of the total air masses throughout the sampling period, with a significant increase during severe haze pollution (up to 90 %). These air masses exhibited a higher concentration of PM2.5 (240 µg m−3) and carried more water-soluble ions and metal elements. The terrestrial air mass also contained a larger number of animal parasites or symbionts, as well as human pathogens from anthropogenic emissions, such as Staphylococcus, Deinococcus, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillus, Cladosporium, and Malassezia. Conversely, a significant quantity of saprophytic bacteria such as hydrocarbon-degrading and gut bacteria from the genera Comamonas, Streptococcus, Novosphingobium, and Aerococcus and the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus were the most abundant species in the marine air mass samples. The mixed air mass elucidates the intermixing process of terrestrial and marine sources, a result of microorganisms originating from both anthropogenic and terrestrial emissions, which includes pathogenic microorganisms from hospitals and sewage treatment plants, and a multitude of soil bacteria. A stronger correlation was noted between microorganisms and continental elements in both terrestrial and mixed air mass samples, specifically K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ derived from soil dust. Marine air masses exhibited a significant correlation with sea salt ions, specifically Na+. In the mixed air mass sample, a fusion of marine and terrestrial microorganisms is characterized by alterations in the ratio of pathogenic to saprophytic microorganisms when compared to samples derived from either terrestrial or marine sources. This study on the constituents and amalgamation of bioaerosols over the coastal atmosphere encompassing distinct air masses is crucial to understand the transport, intermixing processes, and health implications of terrestrial and marine air masses.
The presence of clouds lowers climate sensitivity in the MPI-ESM1.2 climate model
Authors: Mosso Andrea , Hocking Thomas , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Clouds affect the sensitivity of the climate system by changing their distribution, height, and optical properties under climate change. Although the precise magnitude remains uncertain, the direct cloud response to an external forcing is known to be destabilising. Additionally, clouds have a masking effect on CO2 forcing and can influence other feedback mechanisms such as the surface albedo feedback. To understand the overall impact of clouds, we compute how much the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) to a doubling of CO2 changes when clouds are made transparent to radiation in an Earth system model (MPI-ESM1.2, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2). In practice, to stabilise the model climate at near-preindustrial temperatures, the solar constant was reduced by 8.8 %. Our experiments reveal that clouds exert a stabilising influence on the model, with a clear-sky ECS of 4.29 K, which is higher than the corresponding full-sky ECS of 2.84 K, contrasting with their direct destabilising effect. Detailed partial radiative perturbation diagnostics show that beyond directly amplifying warming by themselves, clouds also strengthen the negative lapse rate and positive water vapour feedbacks, while strongly damping the positive albedo feedback. These findings highlight the complex role of clouds in modulating climate sensitivity.
Using the FY-3E satellite hyperspectral infrared atmospheric sounder to quantitatively monitor volcanic SO2
Authors: Li Xinyu , Zhu Lin , Sun Hongfu , Li Jun , Lv Ximing , Qi Chengli , Yan Huanhuan
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Type II (HIRAS-II) aboard the Fengyun 3E (FY-3E) satellite provides valuable data on the vertical distribution of atmospheric states. However, effectively extracting quantitative atmospheric information from the observations is challenging due to the large number of hyperspectral sensor channels, inter-channel correlations, associated observational errors, and susceptibility of the results to influence by trace gases. This study explores the potential of FY-3E/HIRAS-II to atmospheric loadings of SO2 from volcanic eruption. A methodology for selecting SO2 sensitive channels from the large number of hyperspectral channels recorded by FY-3E/HIRAS-II is presented. The methodology allows for the selection of SO2-sensitive channels that contain similar information on variations in atmospheric temperature and water vapor for minimizing the influence of atmospheric water vapor and temperature to SO2. A sensitivity study shows that the difference in brightness temperature between the experimentally selected SO2 sensitive channels and the background channels effectively removes interference signals from surface temperature, atmospheric temperature, and water vapor during SO2 detection and inversion. A positive difference between near-surface atmospheric temperature and surface temperature enables the infrared band to capture more SO2 information in the lower and middle layers. The efficacy of FY-3E/HIRAS-II SO2 sensitive channels in quantitively monitor volcanic SO2 is demonstrated using data from the 29 April 2024 eruption of Mount Ruang in Indonesia. Using FY-3E/HIRAS-II measurements, the spatial distribution and quantitatively information of volcanic SO2 are easily observed. The channel selection can significantly enhance the computation efficiency while maintain the accuracy of SO2 detection and retrieval, despite the large volume of data.
Atmospheric moisture tracking with WAM2layers v3
Authors: Kalverla Peter , Benedict Imme , Weijenborg Chris , van der Ent Ruud J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. This manuscript documents the atmospheric moisture tracking model WAM2layers v3 (Water Accounting Model – 2 layers – version 3). WAM2layers may be used to gain understanding of atmospheric dynamics and to study rainfall patterns and extremes by mapping their sources or sinks, often in the context of climate and land-use changes. To this end, WAM2layers solves a prognostic equation for tagged moisture in gridded atmospheric datasets such as reanalysis data or climate model output. WAM2layers can be used in forward mode to determine where evaporated water eventually precipitates, or in backward mode to determine where precipitation originally evaporated. WAM2layers v3 represents a complete rewrite of the WAM2layers model originally introduced in 2010 and subsequently used in more than sixty academic studies. This latest version incorporates performance optimisations to cope with the increased resolution of input data, and introduces various best practices aimed at improved user-friendliness and software sustainability. Since an increasing number of researchers is using the code, this manuscript is intended as an updated description and reference in the academic literature. After describing the history, model formulation, and numerical implementation, we present and evaluate two example cases to illustrate the use and skill of WAM2layers v3. We then discuss best practices, some important assumptions, and directions for future development.
Aurora Records in the Spanish Newspaper “Extremadura” for the period 1923–2017
Authors: Sánchez Romero Constantino , Díaz-Condiño Lucía , Tovar Hernández Irene , Pérez Aparicio Alejandro J. , Sánchez Carrasco Víctor M. , Gallego Herrezuelo María Cruz , Vaquero Martínez José Manuel
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Aurora records are a valuable proxy for understanding historical solar behavior. This study explores historical records of auroras reported in the Spanish newspaper "Extremadura" from 1923 to 2017. We have found and analyzed 31 news articles, categorizing them into direct observations and general reports. The compiled news includes significant auroral events occurred in 1926, 1938, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1958, and 1991. The news reports aurorae visible not only in Extremadura, but also across Spain and other parts of the world. We have extracted information on the characteristics, places, timing, and societal impacts of auroras, in addition to providing information on these events included in previous scientific literature. This collection of auroral reports highlights historical newspapers as documentary sources for reconstructing solar activity and its effects on Earth.
Low-power WALTZ decoupling under magic-angle spinning NMR
Authors: Thomas Luzian , Ernst Matthias
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Heteronuclear low-power decoupling using the solution-state wideband alternating-phase low-power technique for zero-residual splitting (WALTZ) sequences has become quite popular in solid-state protein NMR and seems to work well. However, there are no systematic studies that characterize these sequences under magic-angle spinning (MAS) and give recommendations on which parameter should be used. We have studied in detail the use of WALTZ-16 and WALTZ-64 as low-power decoupling sequences under 100 kHz MAS by characterizing the resonance conditions analytically using numerical simulations and experiments on model substances. The recoupling heteronuclear resonance conditions between the modulation frequency of the sequences and the MAS frequency is the most important feature. Pulse lengths corresponding to areas with vanishing first-order heteronuclear recoupling are good candidates for efficient decoupling. We have characterized two such conditions which can be defined using the nutation frequency of the radio frequency (RF) field (ν1) and the spinning frequency (νr) by ν1=νr/10 and ν1=2νr/5, which both lead to narrow lines and are stable against RF-field variations and chemical-shift offsets. More such conditions might exist but were not investigated here.