bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclic changes to the negative coordinating conjunction from Latin to Modern French
Authors: Hansen Maj-Britt Mosegaard
Published: October 2021

The evolution of the negative coordinating conjunction (‘neither’/‘nor’) from Latin to Modern French instantiates a type of cyclic development that is previously undocumented as such at the level of morphosyntax, viz. a ‘semasiological’ cycle. In effect, the conjunction appears to have taken an almost perfectly circular path. Thus, in Classical Latin, as is consonant with the typological status of that language as a Double Negation language,neque/necwas exclusively used in negative contexts. Medieval French being a Negative Concord language, on the other hand, its negative coordinating conjunction,ne, a direct descendant ofneque/nec, was able to develop a full range of weak negative polarity uses. In a range of contexts,newas thus semantically equivalent to either the additive conjunctionet(‘and’) or the disjunctionou(‘or’). By the end of the Classical French period, however, the conjunction (which by then takes the formny/ni) has lost all of its weak negative polarity uses again, and it is used only in strong negatively polar environments in Modern Standard French. Based on data from the electronic corporaFrantextandBase de Français Médiéval, I analyze the three stages of this evolution. I show that, together with other developments in the French negative system, it falsifies predictions made in the literature and has consequences for the reconstruction of negative systems in less well-documented languages.
Loss of intersective gradience as the lifeboat of a dying construction. An analysis of the diachronic change of causativebring
Authors: Schneider Ulrike
Published: October 2021

This paper focusses on diachronic processes which lead to the disambiguation between different constructions involving the same verb. It follows the development ofbringas a periphrastic causative over the course of the Early Modern and Late Modern English periods and compares it to the development of otherbringconstructions. In a corpus-based analysis, it utilizes measures of cue strength as well as collostructional analysis to determine whether reflexive objects, negation, modals or the passive are cues strongly associated with the dying periphrastic causative XbringcauseYto-inf. Results indicate that the construction indeed increasingly attracts reflexive objects in combination with a modal or negation. This finding is interpreted as an indication that non-prototypical verbal properties developing into strong cues for a construction may serve to make a rare construction more salient and thus easier to recognize and process. Furthermore, the construction’s restriction to reflexive patients vastly reduces variability in the object slot.
Thermally switchable terahertz metasurface absorber composed of H-fractal and enabled by phase-change material of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Divdel Hassan , Taghipour-Farshi Hamed , Rasooli Saghai Hassan , Tavakoli Ghazi Jahani Mohammad-Ali
Published: October 2021

A terahertz metasurface absorber with actively switchable bandwidth enabled by vanadium dioxide (VO2) is presented and investigated numerically. The VO2is a phase-change material and its conductivity in the terahertz range changes by several orders of magnitude upon phase-transition. The metasurface consists of an H-shaped fractal resonator placed on top of a polyimide spacer and a ground-plane of gold. The resonator is composed of an H-shaped level-1 fractal of gold and VO2strips that converts it to a level-2 fractal. At room temperatures, the VO2is in the insulator state and the resonator reduces to a level-1 fractal offering narrowband absorption at 8.08 THz reaching 0.98 absorption. At higher temperatures, the VO2is in the metallic state and the resonator is effectively a level-2 fractal with an absorption higher than 0.9 in a bandwidth of 6.63–9.89 THz.
Pore throat characteristics of tight reservoirs by a combined mercury method: A case study of the member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in Yingshan gasfield, North Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wang Youzhi , Mao Cui , Li Qiang , Jin Wei , Zhu Simiao , Wang Xiandong , Wang Zhiguo , He Jiayin , Shen Jiagang , Zhu Yanping , Wang Ying , Wang Haiyan , Tan Baode , Ren Junhu
Published: October 2021

The complex pore throat characteristics are significant factors that control the properties of tight sandstone reservoirs. Due to the strong heterogeneity of the pore structure in tight reservoirs, it is difficult to characterize the pore structure by single methods. To determine the pore throat, core, casting thin sections, micrographs from scanning electron microscopy, rate-controlled mercury injection, and high-pressure mercury injection were performed in member 2 of Xujiahe Formation of Yingshan gasfield, Sichuan, China. The pore throat characteristics were quantitatively characterized, and the distribution of pore throat at different scales and its controlling effect on reservoir physical properties were discussed. The results show that there are mainly residual intergranular pores, intergranular dissolved pores, ingranular dissolved pores, intergranular pores, and micro-fractures in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation tight sandstone reservoir. The distribution range of pore throat is 0.018–10 μm, and the radius of pore throat is less than 1 μm. The ranges of pore radius were between 100 and 200 μm, the peak value ranges from 160 to 180 μm, and the pore throat radius ranges from 0.1 to 0.6 μm. With the increase of permeability, the distribution range of throat radius becomes wider, and the single peak throat radius becomes larger, showing the characteristic of right skew. The large throat of the sandy conglomerate reservoir has an obvious control effect on permeability, but little influence on porosity. The contribution rate of nano-sized pore throat to permeability is small, ranging from 3.29 to 34.67%. The contribution rate of porosity was 48.86–94.28%. Therefore, pore throat characteristics are used to select high-quality reservoirs, which can guide oil and gas exploration and development of tight sandstone reservoirs.
Lithology classification of volcanic rocks based on conventional logging data of machine learning: A case study of the eastern depression of Liaohe oil field
Authors: Wenhua Wang , Zhuwen Wang , Ruiyi Han , Fanghui Xu , Xinghua Qi , Yitong Cui
Published: October 2021

The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.
Igniting the leadership spark in nursing students: leading the way
Authors: Stubin Catherine
Published: October 2021

New graduate nurses are not always prepared for the challenges of the chaotic clinical environment, and often struggle to demonstrate sufficient clinical leadership skills. Facilitating the acquisition of leadership abilities in students will support the pursuit to generate competent nursing graduates fully prepared to effectively function in today’s challenging healthcare environment. Nursing faculty need to implement more creative ways of introducing leadership qualities to nursing students. Nurse educators can be proactive in implementing leadership strategies for students, based on The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart, as described by Kouzes and Posner. By continuing to “lead the way” for professional leadership skills in nursing students, nursing faculty can possibly expect leadership activities to emerge in settings in which the students practice.
Light heads and predicate formation: on two scopes of discontinuity
Authors: Wiślicki Jan
Published: October 2021

The present article addresses the problem of syntax-semantics mapping of syntactically complex structures that are interpreted as semantically simple terms. While these morphosyntactic mechanisms have been successfully applied to roots in Marantz’s framework, more complex structures turn out to be formally and conceptually challenging. To solve these problems, I make use of Cooper’s type-theoretic framework to propose a formal account of Transfer. I apply this to verbal idioms and direct quotation, whose parts do not obtain the idiomatic/quotational reading. The main result is a formal account of light heads providing the operation of predicate formation within cyclic derivations.
Cross-linguistic constraints and lineage-specific developments in the semantics of cutting and breaking in Japonic and Germanic
Authors: Huisman John L. A. , van Hout Roeland , Majid Asifa
Published: October 2021

Semantic variation in the cutting and breaking domain has been shown to be constrained across languages in a previous typological study, but it was unclear whether Japanese was an outlier in this domain. Here we revisit cutting and breaking in the Japonic language area by collecting new naming data for 40 videoclips depicting cutting and breaking events in Standard Japanese, the highly divergent Tohoku dialects, as well as four related Ryukyuan languages (Amami, Okinawa, Miyako and Yaeyama). We find that the Japonic languages recapitulate the same semantic dimensions attested in the previous typological study, confirming that semantic variation in the domain of cutting and breaking is indeed cross-linguistically constrained. We then compare our new Japonic data to previously collected Germanic data and find that, in general, related languages resemble each other more than unrelated languages, and that the Japonic languages resemble each other more than the Germanic languages do. Nevertheless, English resembles all of the Japonic languages more than it resembles Swedish. Together, these findings show that the rate and extent of semantic change can differ between language families, indicating the existence of lineage-specific developments on top of universal cross-linguistic constraints.
Research progress of gut microbiota and frailty syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wu Min
Published: October 2021

Frailty is a clinical syndrome caused by homeostasis imbalance. It is characterized by marked vulnerability to endogenous or exogenous stressors, reduced self-care ability, and increased mortality risk. This aging-related syndrome is common in individuals older than 65 years and carries an increased risk for poor health outcomes. These include falls, incident disability, incapacity, and mortality. In addition, it can result in a poor prognosis for other comorbidities. With the aging population, frailty increases the burden of adverse health outcomes. Studies on frailty are at their infancy. In addition, there is a lack of thorough understanding of its pathogenesis. Several studies have suggested that frailty is caused by chronic inflammation due to enhanced intestinal permeability following gut microbiota imbalance as well as pathogen-related antibodies entering the circulation system. These result in musculoskeletal system disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. However, this assumption has not been validated in large cohort-based studies. Several studies have suggested that inflammation is not the only cause of frailty. Hence, further studies are necessary to extend our understanding of its pathogenesis. This review summarizes the research findings in the field and expands on the possible role of the gut microbiota in frailty syndrome.
Manipulating guided wave radiation with integrated geometric metasurface
Authors: Fang Bin , Wang Zhizhang , Gao Shenglun , Zhu Shining , Li Tao
Published: October 2021

Metasurfaces have manifested unprecedented capabilities in manipulating light by subwavelength unit cells, facilitating the miniaturization and multifunctions of optical systems. On the other hand, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) technology is revolutionizing the integrated photonics, enabling multifunctional devices and applications. Yet the optical interface for coupling and manipulation is not sufficient and versatile. Here, we developed a geometric metasurface interface for LNOI waveguide and demonstrated several on-chip integrated devices for free space light field manipulations. By decorating waveguides with subwavelength optical antennas, we manipulated the guided waves into desired wavefronts in space, achieved complex free-space functions, such as focusing, multichannel vortex beam generation, and holography. Our architecture goes beyond the conventional gratings and enriches the functionalities of metasurface, which would open up a new perspective for future versatile guided-wave driven optical devices.
Deep-learning-based recognition of multi-singularity structured light
Authors: Wang Hao , Yang Xilin , Liu Zeqi , Pan Jing , Meng Yuan , Shi Zijian , Wan Zhensong , Zhang Hengkang , Shen Yijie , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2021

Structured light with customized topological patterns inspires diverse classical and quantum investigations underpinned by accurate detection techniques. However, the current detection schemes are limited to vortex beams with a simple phase singularity. The precise recognition of general structured light with multiple singularities remains elusive. Here, we report deep learning (DL) framework that can unveil multi-singularity phase structures in an end-to-end manner, after feeding only two intensity patterns upon beam propagation. By outputting the phase directly, rich and intuitive information of twisted photons is unleashed. The DL toolbox can also acquire phases of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes with a single singularity and other general phase objects likewise. Enabled by this DL platform, a phase-based optical secret sharing (OSS) protocol is proposed, which is based on a more general class of multi-singularity modes than conventional LG beams. The OSS protocol features strong security, wealthy state space, and convenient intensity-based measurements. This study opens new avenues for large-capacity communications, laser mode analysis, microscopy, Bose–Einstein condensates characterization, etc.
Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of highly porous polylactic acid/cellulose nanofibre scaffolds prepared by salt leaching technique
Authors: Radakisnin Revati , Abdul Majid Mohd Shukry , Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan , Mat Tahir Mohd Faizal , Meng Cheng Ee , Al Alshahrani Hassan
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to prepare and characterise polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanofibre (CNF) from a Pennisetum purpureum-based composite scaffold and determine its structural and mechanical properties. Porous scaffolds with CNF compositions of 5‒20 wt% in the PLA matrix were developed using solvent casting and particulate leaching of its porogen at 90 wt% of loadings. Morphology studies using field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the scaffolds had well-interconnected pores with an average pore size range of 67‒137 µm and porosity >76%. X-ray diffraction confirmed the interconnectivity and homogeneity of the pores and the fibrous structure of the scaffolds. The compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds varied between 2.34 and 6.66 MPa, while their compressive modulus was between 1.95 and 6.04 MPa for various CNF contents. Furthermore, water absorption and thermal degradation studies showed that the scaffold had good hydrophilicity and improved thermal stability. These findings highlight the need to modify the pore structure and mechanical performance simultaneously for tissue engineering. Thus, this study concludes that the developed PLA scaffolds reinforced with CNF from Pennisetum purpureum are potential candidates for cell attachment and extracellular matrix generation.
Occurrence, fate, and toxicity of emerging contaminants in a diverse ecosystem
Authors: Hiranmai Rameshwar Yadav , Kamaraj Murugesan
Published: October 2021

Activities that were developed for better/modern living conditions of humans are the primary source of contaminants to the natural ecosystem. Some of the compounds involved in urbanization and industrialization are termed emerging contaminants (ECs) or contaminants of emerging concern. ECs are either chemical or derived from natural sources which environmental concerns and public health have been raised in recent years. ECs enter wastewater treatment systems and migrate from here to different ecosystems as direct or by-products. They are persistent and also stay for a long duration due to their less biodegradation and photodegradation nature. Also, ECs accumulated in living cells and transformed through trophic levels. Technological developments and their application/utility in daily life led to the production of various components that are being added to the natural ecosystem. The treated/untreated wastewater enters into fresh/marine water bodies and gets accumulated into fauna, flora, and sediments. These pollutants/contaminants that are getting added on an everyday basis bring about changes in the existing ecosystem balances. ECs have been found in almost every country’s natural environment, and as a result, they became a global issue. The present review discusses the route and transport of selected ECs into the terrestrial ecosystem through water and other means and how they influence the natural process in an ecosystem. The ECs such as personal care products, pharmaceuticals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, nanoparticles, and microplastics are highlighted in this review.
„The power of Christ compels you!“
Authors: Bauer Nicole Maria
Published: October 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird die gegenwärtige katholische Exorzismus-Praxis in Hinblick auf Macht, Machtdynamiken und Machtverhältnisse erläutert. Dabei werden die Hauptakteur*innen des katholischen Exorzismus, der Exorzist (männlicher katholischer Priester), die „Besessenen“ (Männer und Frauen) und der/die Besetzer*innen (Teufel, Dämonen*innen) in den Blick genommen und anhand der Analyse von Primärquellen wie kirchenrechtlicher und liturgischer Dokumente (Rituale Romanum, Codex Iuris Canonici) sowie aktueller Publikationen und Webseiten untersucht. Der katholische Exorzismus bezieht sich in seiner gegenwärtigen Umsetzung auf einen Ritualtext des frühen 17. Jahrhunderts, der in den 90er-Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts einer Überarbeitung unterzogen wurde. Das Rituale Romanum (1614) stellt die Grundlage der weltweit durchgeführten kirchlichen Exorzismus-Praxis dar und ist kirchenrechtlich verankert. In der gegenwärtigen Praxis des Exorzismus werden Machtpositionen sichtbar, die in den religiösen Heilungspraktiken repetiert und zementiert werden und fundamentale Machtstrukturen der katholischen Kirche widerspiegeln.
Development Of Speech Material For An Armenian Speech Recognition Threshold Test
Authors: Sargsyan Sona , Rahne Torsten
Published: October 2021

Introduction — For the Armenian language, no standardized audiometric speech perception test is available. The purpose of this research was to develop, digitally record and evaluate an Armenian multisyllabic speech audiometry test, which can be used to measure speech recognition thresholds in Armenian native speakers. Material and Methods — To create a homogeneous multisyllabic speech corpus, Armenian numerals from 10-100 with 2-4 syllables were selected as general sample and digitally recorded by a female native Armenian speaker. For equalizing the speech recognition threshold between the test items, the speech discrimination function for each numeral was subsequently evaluated by five normal hearing native Armenian listeners in an experimental study. Results — Based on the phonemic structure of the Armenian language, 20 phonemically homogeneous test lists were created. The phoneme distributions of each test list correlated significantly and positively with that of the general sample (all Pearson moment correlation coefficients >0.960; all ps <0.001). Comparison of the phoneme distributions of test lists to that of the Armenian language showed that the test lists represent the language corpus quite well. After adjusting for actual threshold levels, speech discrimination functions are comparable between all numerals used. Conclusion — The developed test lists are a phonetically homogenous representation of the Armenian language and serve as an appropriated base for future clinical measurements of speech recognition threshold in Armenian speaking listeners.
Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Food Container Composite Made From Sorghum Bagasse and Citric Acid
Authors: Ismadi Ismadi , Kusumah Sukma Surya , Subyakto Subyakto , Subiyanto Bambang , Suryanegara Lisman , Marlina Resti
Published: October 2021

The common food container product was made from plastic such as polypropylene, polystyrene, etc which has slowed to degrade hence affected to the environmental pollution and health disorder. Therefore, environmentally friendly food container composite is developed from sustainable resources such as sorghum bagasse and citric acid. The effects of sorghum species, sorghum particles and citric acid content on the composite properties were investigated. Local species of sorghum was used as raw material such as Super 2 in the manufacturing of food packaging.Â  The size and moisture content of the particles were passthrough on 40 mesh and 10%, respectively. The content of the particle was variated such as 10, 15, and 20% wt. Furthermore, citric acid was used as a binder with difference content such as 10, 20, and 30% wt.Â  Those raw materials were mixed with tapioca starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glutaraldehyde. The mixing material was hot pressed at 180 â„ƒ for 15 minutes. The composite dimension was 12 cm x 10 cm x 3 mm. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite were carried out. Considering the properties of the composite, sorghum bagasse and citric acid are suitable as raw material of food container composite.
Review of Sherlock Holmes The Complete Novels and Stories
Authors: Ambarrini Benedicta Keisya
Published: October 2021

The Sherlock Holmes stories were the source of modern crime-solving adaptations that we now experience in television, and Doyle's tales of mystery and adventure were often audacious, insightful and clever. The real draw of his stories is the process of crime detection, that Doyle allows the readers to understand, experience and apply themselves alongside Watson as Holmes investigates the cases.
Ethics and Legal Issues in the Abortion Case
Authors: Abdullah Rizki Aji Rahmawan
Published: October 2021

In Indonesia regulated in Law No. 36 of 2009 on health. Any person who deliberately performs an abortion is inconsistent with the provisions referred to in Article 75 paragraph (2) shall be punished with imprisonment of not more than 10 (ten) years and a maximum fine of Rp.1.000.000.000,00 (one billion rupiah). Basically, the treatment of abortion is found in them in life. Some of the driving forces for abortion are quite numerous and the abortion treatment can be viewed in any perspective. One thing that is commonplace among today is such an unwanted pregnancy because of a factor and aims to disrupt the pregnancy by an act of abortion. But the act of abortion is not roughly done deliberately but the existence of an unwanted so that the act of abortion should be done. The notion of abortion of the womb, the fetal exclusion is not appropriate in time whether it is intentional or not.
Hnf4g invalidation prevents diet-induced obesity via intestinal lipid malabsorption
Authors: Ayari Sami , Gil-Iturbe Eva , le Gléau Léa , Osinski Céline , Kapel Nathalie , Soula Hedi Antoine , Leturque Armelle , Andreelli Fabrizio , Clément Karine , Serradas Patricia , Ribeiro Agnès
Published: October 2021

Changes in dietary habits have occurred concomitantly with a rise of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Intestine is the first organ facing nutrient ingestion and has to adapt its metabolism with these dietary changes. HNF-4γ, a transcription factor member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and mainly expressed in intestine, has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to T2D. Our aim was to investigate the role of HNF-4γ in metabolic disorders and related mechanisms. Hnf4g−/− mice were fed high-fat/high-fructose (HF-HF) diet for 6 weeks to induce obesity and T2D. Glucose homeostasis, energy homeostasis in metabolic cages, body composition and stool energy composition, as well as gene expression analysis in the jejunum were analyzed. Despite an absence of decrease in calorie intake, of increase in locomotor activity or energy expenditure, Hnf4g−/− mice fed with HF-HF are protected against weight gain after 6 weeks of HF-HF diet. We showed that Hnf4g−/− mice fed HF-HF display an increase in fecal calorie loss, mainly due to intestinal lipid malabsorption. Gene expression of lipid transporters, Fatp4 and Scarb1 and of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion proteins, Mttp and ApoB are decreased in gut epithelium of Hnf4g−/− mice fed HF-HF, showing the HNF-4γ role in intestine lipid absorption. Furthermore, plasma GLP-1 and jejunal GLP-1 content are increased in Hnf4g−/− mice fed HF-HF, which could contribute to the glucose intolerance protection. The loss of HNF-4γ leads to a protection against a diet-induced weight gain and to a deregulated glucose homeostasis, associated with lipid malabsorption.
Short Selling – On Ethics, Politics, and Culture
Authors: Langenbucher Katja , Pelizzon Loriana
Published: October 2021

Lawyers and economists do not always speak the same language. Where economists present crisp and clear numbers, lawyers get lost in lengthy discussions about fairness and justice. Or so it seems. Arguably, the regulation of short selling illustrates a worrying clash of cultures. Economists understand short selling as a value-free market mechanism while (not only) lawyers suspect a profit, unfairly gained at the expense of others: “Short sellers not only profit from the misery of others, they also cause it”. In what follows, we address implications of this culture clash in the realm of ethics and politics. We conclude with a hypothesis, submitting that there might be traces of another clash to be observed when comparing regulatory cultures across countries. A preliminary look at data seems to suggest that short sale bans are less common in countries with a strong capital-market tradition and more common for countries which are newer to this game. If this holds true, important lessons are to be learned for the European Commission’s plan to set up a capital market union.
Leaf extracts as green substitute to toxic zinc chromate and zinc phosphate additives in Polyurethane primers for corrosion inhibition of steel
Authors: Sodiya Ezekiel Folorunso , Dawodu Folasegun Anthony
Published: October 2021

Corrosion inhibition of steel by Polyurethane Extract-primer (PEP) containing plant leaf extracts was compared with Polyurethane Conventional primer (PCP) containing zinc phosphate and zinc chromate as inhibitors. The primers were investigated using gasometric technique in 5 °C steps of temperature increase from 25 to 50 °C in 1.0 M HCl as corrodent. The PEP of 34.24 percent actives compared with PCP of 56.35 percent actives gave the same inhibition efficiencies of 82.4%. Extract primers of low percent active concentration were more effective and less expensive than that of conventional primers.
Correlation between the bacterial community and flavour of fermented fish
Authors: Wang Jin-Le , Zhao Feng , Cairang Zuo-Ma , Li Xiao-Yi , Kong Jie , Zeng Shi-Yu , Zhang Mei-Yan , Zhao Zhen-Xin , Zhang Xiao-Ping
Published: October 2021

Common carp is a fish species of economic importance in China;traditionally it is mostly salt-fermented. In the fermenting process, the bacterial community of spontaneously fermented fish is important for its flavour and quality. However, very few studies have been conducted about the relationship between bacterial community and development of flavour involved in the salt-fermentation of carp. Therefore, we explored this relationship by determining the flavour components, including amino acids, and changes in volatile flavour and bacterial metabolite. Samples were taken during fermentation on the days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. The second-generation 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of bacteria. Contents of amino acids were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection. The volatile components were analyzed with solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Staphylococcus were the dominant bacteria. The bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares approach was used to analyze the correlation between bacterial succession and flavour component dynamics. This study would help to better understand the role of bacteria in the fermented fish meat flavour and support the industrial production of fermented fish.
Bioaccessibility and health risk of neonicotinoids in apple and pear samples as affected by in vitro digestion
Authors: Wang Jia-Yu , Wei Dong , Deng Ya-Jing , Feng Wen-Zhe , Gao Qun , Shi Yan-Hong , Xiao Jin-Jing
Published: October 2021

Previous studies have only focused on the bioaccessibility of single pesticide/metal without considering the potential impact of post-uptake interactions on bioaccessibility of pesticides/metals in the human digestive system. Hence, the influences of chromium (Cr) speciation on neonicotinoids bioaccessibility were investigated and the potential health risk based on the oral bioaccessibility was evaluated. Bioaccessibility of four neonicotinoids in apple and pear was measured using three common in vitro methods (SBRC, PBET, and IVG). Bioaccessibility of neonicotinoids in apple and pear varied between in vitro methods, which may reflect the difference of determination parameters (i.e., pH values, incubation time, and constituents). The neonicotinoids bioaccessibility was remarkably reduced by 17.21–81.21% and 11.61–73.70% with the addition of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. Risk assessment based on the hazard quotient (HQ) with bioaccessibility revealed that exposure to pesticide residues in the tested fruits were all below levels that might pose a health risk. These findings are of theoretical value for the safety evaluation of pesticide residues on food.
THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM WITH MULTI-VISIT DRONE
Authors: Ha Quang Minh , Vu Duy Manh , Le Xuan Thanh , Hoang Minh  Ha
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the Traveling Salesman Problem with Multi-Visit Drone (TSP-MVD) in which a truck works in collaboration with a drone that can serve up to q > 1 customers consecutively during each sortie. We propose a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation and a metaheuristic based on Iterated Local Search to solve the problem. Benchmark instances collected from the literature of the special case with q = 1 are used to test the performance of our algorithms. The obtained results show that our MILP model can solve a number of instances to optimality. This is the first time optimal solutions for these instances are reported. Our ILS performs better other algorithms in terms of both solution quality and running time on several class of instances. The numerical results obtained by testing the methods on new randomly generated instances show again the effectiveness of the methods as well as the positive impact of using the multi-visit drone.
The First Record of Tortoise Beetle Damage to Sugar Beet in the UK: Is Global Warming Responsible?
Authors: Dewar Alan M. , Martin Tim
Published: October 2021

The authors thought they had experienced everything that the sugar beet crop could throw at them from a pest point of view after almost 40 years of working with the sugar beet industry. It was therefore very exciting to be confronted with a highly unusual pest this summer, so unusual
that its presence in high numbers causing significant damage to a sugar beet crop in Norfolk in August 2021, is the first record of such damage in the UK. The pest was the exotic tortoise beetle, Cassida nebulosa, which the sugar beet bible, Pests, Diseases and Disorders of Sugar Beet,
published by the International Institute de la Recherches Betteraves (IIRB), describes as rare, and never important in northern Europe. Indeed, this species has never, in our memory, been recorded before as a pest in sugar beet in the UK, only a very rare presence. Dewar and Cooke (2006) stated
in their review of pest problems in sugar beet the UK, that crop damage by tortoise beetles never occurs in western Europe, but can be severe in warmer Mediterranean regions and in Russia.
The Russian population of the near abroad: geodemographic dynamics of the post-Soviet period
Authors: Sushchiy Sergey
Published: October 2021

This article explores the geodemographic dynamics of the Russian population of the near abroad in the post-Soviet period. It analyzes the quantitative changes and transformation of its geography, the level of urbanization and the gender and age structure. The study shows that in the post-Soviet period there was a sharp decline in the number of Russians in all of the near abroad. This process was most intensive in the 1990s. The maximum demographic losses during this period were suffered by the Russian population of Transcaucasia and a number of countries in Central Asia. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the rate and absolute scale of decline are decreasing, but the trend itself remains stable. This is associated with the natural decline of the Russian population, its migration to Russia and foreign countries, and assimilation. The relationship of these factors to the quantitative decline has varied across time and across individual countries. In almost all Russian communities a significant preponderance of women is recorded. The median age of Russians in all countries of the near abroad is more than 40 years. The level of urbanization of Russians in most of these countries has decreased. Better preserved are the metropolitan and rural Russian populations. The demographic ratio of the Russian communities of individual countries and macroregions has changed. The numbers of Russians in Kazakhstan and Ukraine (without the people's republics of Donbass) are already comparable, and there are more Russians in the Baltic countries than in Central Asia. Russian communities of unrecognized (or partially recognized) States are characterized by increased demographic stability.
Attitudes Towards Learning English Among The Aliya Madrasah Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Abu Rashed Md Mahbuber , Jalaluddin Ilyana , Mohd Kasim Zalina , Darmi Ramiza
Published: October 2021

Affective variables such as attitude, autonomy, motivation, self-esteem, and anxiety are crucial among the factors that contribute to learning a second/foreign language. Among them, one of the most important factors in inspiring learners to learn a language is their attitudes towards learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive, emotional as well as behavioral attitudes of Bangladeshi Aliya madrasah students towards learning English. The study also explored the differences in their attitudes towards learning English based on demographic profiles, that is, their gender, their parents’ monthly family income, and their parents’ education level. Data were obtained via questionnaire surveys and they were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, independent T-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results revealed that the participants demonstrated highly positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral attitudes towards learning English. The analysis also showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards learning English based on their parents’ monthly family income and their parents’ education level. However, the results presented no significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards learning English in relation to gender. This finding may help teachers to improve their classroom preparation by understanding their students’ attitudes better and making the learning activities easier for them. Moreover, it may inform the students’ attitudes to the authorities and policymakers responsible for devising policy for madrasah education, planning curriculum and designing materials for the madrasah students.
Agora é que são elas
Authors: Do Amaral Jorge Fernando Barbosa
Published: October 2021

O artigo analisa o romance Agora é que são elas, de Paulo Leminski, tendo como ponto de partida a ideia do próprio autor de que seria impossível escrever um romance nos moldes tradicionais em pleno século XX. Para Leminski, os grandes romancistas do século passado, como Joyce e Kafka, nasceram no século XIX e se formaram antes da Primeira Guerra Mundial, por isso sua produção estaria de acordo com os princípios criativos oitocentistas. Assim, o artigo investiga o Agora é que são elas, enquadrando-o tanto na “Teoria do túnel”, de Julio Cortazar, que diz que alguns escritores destroem as formas literárias tradicionais para construir a própria linguagem, quanto nas reflexões sobre a “Linguagem Invertebrada”, de Reinaldo Laddaga, que usa a imagem dos ossos como metáfora da rigidez criativa.
Cruz e Sousa, entre o tribuno e o místico
Authors: Da Silva Júlio Cezar Bastoni
Published: October 2021

O artigo procura, por meio da revisão bibliográfica da fortuna crítica e da análise de poemas de Cruz e Sousa, refletir sobre dois dos perfis historicamente estabelecidos sobre o poeta catarinense: o de tribuno, poeta engajado na liça abolicionista, e o de místico, ligado ao culto à arte e a busca pela transcendência e comunhão com o Absoluto. Tais questões são pensadas à luz de bibliografia teórico-crítica brasileira e internacional, com eventuais contribuições do pensamento social e filosófico para a compreensão da poesia de Cruz e Sousa como um momento singular da poesia moderna brasileira e ocidental. Nesse sentido, demonstra-se que aquela dualidade se apresenta como perfil apenas parcial da produção do poeta, cujas temáticas e elaborações formais precisam ser pensadas com base no conjunto de sua obra e de suas transformações ao longo de sua trajetória literária.
Equivocologias leminskianas
Authors: Lucas Fábio Roberto
Published: October 2021

O artigo pretende investigar possíveis implicações entre a poética de Leminski com suas nuvens de equívocos, ecos contranarcísicos – e suas inquietações sobre o meio- ambiente, tal como se explicitam em alguns textos desde os anos 1970. A interpretação de certos poemas leminskianos exporia que tais implicações não se reduzem à eventual tematização de elementos da natureza, às vezes sublimados de modo parnasiano chic ou haicai-orientalizante. Muito pelo contrário, elas latejariam na relação que o poeta estabelece entre seus gestos (no movimento), os atritos de (dois ou mais) códigos e as vontades e ritmos da matéria. Com isso, a poesia de Leminski nos ajudaria a refinar um pensamento sobre os elos entre poesia e ecologia, linguagem e mundo, construída em diálogo com reflexões sobre esse dilema feitas por Michel Deguy (2007; 2009; 2012) e por Deborah Danowski e Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2014).
Technology in Support of Developing Speaking Skills in ESP Courses
Authors: Dzięcioł-Pędich Agnieszka , Dudzik Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, when face-to-face human interactions are restricted due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students have fewer opportunities to put their oral communicative abilities to the test. Under these circumstances, technology becomes an ally of both teachers and learners. While synchronous tools enable students to communicate with one another in real time, asynchronous tools allow them, among others, to record their utterances for review and self-evaluation. This paper aims to indicate which technological solutions could help teachers increase learners’ oral production in the ESP classroom (with particular emphasis on Medical and Business English) and which ones could help students improve their speaking skills independently.
Developing Selected Aspects of Intercultural Communicative Competence in the EFL Lower Primary Classroom: Learners’ Perceptions of Online Culture-Based Lessons
Authors: Jarosz Izabela , Kiszczak Anna , Krzemińska-Adamek Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

The present paper aims to outline a study devoted to the implementation of Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) into primary online classroom practice. The selected aspects of Anglophone cultural content were chosen to complement the students’ cultural issues covered by the core curriculum. The cultural elements were incorporated into the background of EFL materials focusing on teaching vocabulary by means of a range of activities suitable for primary school learners (42 second graders). The conclusions to be presented will provide the researchers' reflections on the implementation of and the students’ responses to the lessons.
Prospects for decentralization in Ukraine: the experience of Poland
Authors: Kostetska Iryna
Published: October 2021

This article is an overview of local government reform processes in Ukraine. We focus on two key issues - the current state of decentralization and the problems of its further implementation. It is necessary to ensure a decentralization process that includes legislation, organization and society at the same time. We paid special attention to the process of creation of amalgamated territorial communities and highlighted its advantages and future risks. We also analysed such issues as local budget revenue in the context of decentralization of financial resources, problems of creating the financial base of local communities. Finally, the regional features of the association of territorial communities and problems with shaping the basic level of local self-government in Ukraine were analysed.
Social capital of Ukrainian society after the Revolution of Dignity
Authors: Potracki Michał , Kurek Dominik
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the issue of the social capital of Ukrainian society a few years after the Revolution of Dignity. Its basic goal is to try to answer the question of whether the society, which at the turn of 2013 and 2014 coordinated its activities in order to achieve the common goal: the removal of the former government, set the pro-Western course. Indeed, a civil society was characterized by permanent resources of social capital. In order to get the answer to this question, the article analyses a number of indicators that are customarily related to social capital, such as: the level of trust in individual state and social institutions, the level of involvement in volunteering and the activity of associations, the level of corruption in the local society. However, aspects should be considered in terms of the deficit ratio of this type of capital. Recalling both historical data – from before the Revolution of Dignity – and current data (mostly from 2018 and 2019), allowed for comparisons on how Ukrainian society and its social capital have changed. The aim of this publication is to aggregate data on Ukrainian civil society, which in turn can be a starting point for wider (international) analysis and making predictions for the coming years. This analysis may turn out to be valuable for the Ukrainian power or those who aspire to it – after all, understanding and good communication with citizens is the basis of modern democratic states.
INTERFACE GRÁFICA VIA REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA ESTIMATIVA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CAPIM MARANDU EM SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS
Authors: Bonini Neto Alfredo , Criscimani Arthur Lopes , Bonini Carolina dos Santos Batista , Souza Jessica Fernanda Dias , Oliverio Gabriela Lozano , Baretto Vitor Correia de Mattos , Andrighetto Cristiana
Published: October 2021

Através das ferramentas do software MatLab, neste trabalho foi desenvolvido uma interface gráfica para a estimativa de produção de capim-marandu utilizando-se de redes neurais artificiais e das propriedades gráficas disponibilizadas pelo software, visando além da assertividade e eficiência da estimativa, o desenvolvimento da interface de maneira que pessoas leigas ao assunto e à programação, tenham acesso a ferramenta elaborada, valorizando conceitos já estudados de User Experience e podendo assim, ser utilizada em áreas de ensino sobre redes neurais, ampliando o acesso à informação através da interface homem-máquina.
Clinical profile of new borns with trachea-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia and factors associated with outcome at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Keerthidarshini  , R Sandeep , Shanbag Gopalkrishna
Published: October 2021

Although trachea-esophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) is rare, it is one of the most common congenital anomaly. There is paucity of data due to rarity of condition. More and more data on clinical profile, complications, and outcome are needed to guide the future research.

To study clinical profile of newborns with TEF and EA and factors associated with outcome.

Hospital based prospective study was carried out among 21 newborns with TEF and EA. Diagnosis was confirmed by investigations like X-ray chest after passing nasogastric catheter. Depending upon final diagnosis type of surgery required was determined and procedure was carried out as per the standard guidelines and operating techniques. All cases were followed till the complete post-operative period and the complications and outcome was assessed. Outcome was classified as death or discharge.

Males outnumbered females giving a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. 57.1% did not require ventilator pre-operatively. 61.9% of the cases had no associated abnormality. The most common type of surgery required and performed was tracheoesophageal repair in 52.4% of the cases. Two cases (9.5%) died during the post-operative period. 14 cases (66.7%) recovered and were discharged. Most common complication was anastomotic leak (57.1%). Term status and associated abnormalities were not found to be associated with outcome like death (p>0.05).

Trachea-esophageal fistula and esophageal atresia was more common in males. Tracheoesophageal repair was commonly required surgery. Recovery rate was good. Anastomotic leak was most common complication. Outcome like death was not associated with term status and associated abnormalities.
Infertility: A case study
Authors: Kamei Almond , Laskar Nasima
Published: October 2021

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects millions of people of reproductive age worldwide. Fertility care encompasses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infertility. It is vital part of the nurse to offer psychological support to the couple and provide nursing Management based on the priority.