bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From local flavor to global fandom: an exploration of the cultural presentation and attitudes towards using English by Thai content creators on the TikTok platform
Authors: Huttayavilaiphan Rutthaphak
Published: October 2024

This study explores the cultural presentation and attitudes towards using English among Thai TikTokers, focusing on how they create and present cultural content. Utilizing detailed content analysis of video titles, descriptions, and comments, alongside semi-structured interviews with 20 selected TikTokers, the research reveals the diverse motivations and challenges faced by these creators. The findings highlight a wide range of cultural content, including ethnic, lifestyle, national, subcultures, and youth cultures, which serve to engage audiences and promote cultural exchange. The study also identifies the overlapping nature of cultural presentation strategies, such as visual storytelling, educational content, user engagement, and the strategic use of hashtags and multilingual content. These strategies are designed to increase the visibility and impact of their content, enhancing a sense of global community and cultural understanding. The study categorizes attitudes towards using English into positive, negative, and mixed. While some TikTokers embrace English to broaden their international reach and facilitate intercultural communication, others express concerns about language proficiency, such as accents and grammatical accuracy, which may lead to negative feedback. This complexity underscores the challenges of multilingual content creation, balancing cultural authenticity with global engagement. By linking these findings with existing theories and studies, the research offers a comprehensive understanding of digital cultural representation on social media platforms. The insights contribute to the broader field of social media studies, providing implications for future research on content strategies, cultural communication, and the role of language in digital media.
Fine tuning for totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery: ERAS applications
Authors: Ertugay Serkan , Karaca Sedat , Engin Ayşen Yaprak , Kahraman Ümit , Ünlü Zehra , Kocabaş Seden , Çalkavur Tanzer , Özbaran Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Aim

One of the philosophies of minimally invasive mitral surgery is to enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS). Beyond surgical applications, ERAS applications provide a complementary approach to optimize postoperative course and discharge. In this report, we aim to present institutional protocol for ERAS and its results in patients who underwent totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery (TEMVS).

Patients and methods

Between 2021 and 2023, totally 113 patients who underwent TEMVS were included in this study. TEMVS was performed by peripheral cannulation and 3D endoscopic technique. As a dedicated team, institutional ERAS protocols which are used are listed above: (1) Education; operative course, cessation of smoking and alcohol. (2) Anemia; diagnostic evaluation and its treatment by iv iron. (3) Optimization of blood glucose; checking of HbA1c and control of hyperglycemia. (4) Rehabilitation; Physical and pulmonary rehabilitation. (5) Anxiety and Analgesia treatment. (6) Blood Conservation techniques; Antifibrinolytic, acute normovolemic hemodilution, less priming volume, mini-incision, meticulous surgery by 3D endoscope. (7) Postoperative; early extubation, prevention of nausea, aggressive analgesia, early mobilization, early removal of tubes. (8) Restrictive transfusion strategy. (9) Early discharge.

Results

The mean age was 54.7 years, and 56% was female. The rate of iv iron therapy for anemia was 26.5%. Mitral repair was performed in 58.4% of the cases. The repair rate of degenerative mitral valve was 96.9%. Of all, 68.1% did not have any red packed cells and 15.9% had only one unit. Ninety-five patients (90.2%) did not have any unit of fresh frozen plasma. The median extubation time was 7 h. On the postoperative first day, 96% of foley catheters, 87% of all central venous catheter and 93% of all drainage tubes are removed. The rates of respiratory, infectious, and renal complications were 9%, 3.5%, 3.4% respectively. The median ICU, and hospital stays were 1 and 5 days respectively. There was only one mortality in the early postoperative period.

Conclusion

Totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery provides minimal surgical trauma. By the addition of well-established and nurse-based ERAS protocols, complication and transfusion rates can be decreased, early recovery and discharge can be provided.
Dexmedetomidine vs. propofol on arrhythmia in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Juan , Wu Yifan , Li Lin , Xia Panpan , Yu Peng , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiao
Published: October 2024

Background

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) and propofol are popular anesthetics, but it remains unknown whether DEX reduces the incidence of arrhythmias compared with propofol after cardiac surgery.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search for RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) that compared the incidence of arrhythmias between DEX and propofol in adults who had undergone cardiac surgery across three databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library), and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 3, 2023. The primary outcome was ventricular arrhythmias, the secondary outcomes were bradycardia and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Results

Our analysis included 7 RCTs with 1,004 patients (mean age: 64.37, male: 71.11%) undergoing cardiac surgery, and the incidence of in-hospital arrhythmia was 22.01% (ventricular arrhythmias 2.75%, bradycardia 3.33%, AF 18.63%). Perioperative or postoperative use of DEX reduced the incidence of in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.03–0.66], but increased the risk of in-hospital bradycardia (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02–8.17) compared with propofol. The trial sequence analysis verified the adequacy of sample size and robustness of the ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardia. There was no significant reduced incidence of the use of DEX in the incidence of AF (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.36–1.29). The GRADE assessment indicated a high certainty for ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardia and a moderate certainty for AF.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested the use of DEX reduces in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias but increases bradycardia incidence compared to propofol in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of dexmedetomidine on atrial fibrillation compared to propofol.

Systematic Review Registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023482193).
Prevalence and predictors of false positive QTc prolongation by the automated measurement
Authors: Alqarawi Wael , Allwaim Marwah
Published: October 2024

Background

Corrected QT (QTc) is an important electrocardiographic (ECG) interval. Physicians rely on automated QTc provided by ECG machines while the manual method is the recommended method. We sought to assess the prevalence and predictors of false positive QTc prolongation by the automated measurement.

Methods and results

Consecutive ECGs were retrieved from the ECG database at King Khaled University Hospital. Manual QT was measured by a trained physician using the tangent method and was corrected for heart rate and QRS duration. Automated QTc measurement was recorded by the ECG machine. “Long QT (LQT)” was defined as QTc≥470 ms for males and ≥480 for females. False positive LQT was defined as LQT by automated QTc but not manual QTc. Pre-determined factors were included in a multivariate logistic regression to assess predictors of false positive LQT. A total of 567 ECGs were included in this study. Automated QTc was longer than manual QTc (440 ms [±35] vs. 417 ms [±35], respectively) which resulted in a high negative predictive value (NPV) (99%) and a low positive predictive value (PPV) (32%). Male gender and abnormal rhythm were found to be independently associated with false positive LQT (OR = 1.9 [95% 1.1–3.5], p = 0.03 and OR = 3.1 [95% 1.2–8.3], p = 0.02; respectively).

Conclusion

Automated QTc measurement is unreliable for detecting long QT, necessitating manual verification and further research to enhance its accuracy.
The effects of student- and teacher-led tootling on student disruptive behavior
Authors: Thoele Jillian M. , Sayeski Kristin L.
Published: October 2024

The foundation of effective management lies in the recognition and reinforcement of appropriate behaviors. Researchers have found that class-wide, group-contingency-based classroom management approaches can be an efficient and effective way to promote desired student behavior. For this study, we examined the effect of Tootling, a peer-mediated, group-contingency approach wherein students identify and report on their peers’ prosocial behaviors. We used an alternating treatment single-case research design to evaluate and compare the impact of student- and teacher-led Tootling on disruptive behavior and academic engagement for five elementary students. Student-led Tootling, teacher-led Tootling, and no-Tootling conditions were alternated daily following a systematically blocked, randomized schedule. After each series of the three conditions, a group-based concurrent chain preference assessment was conducted to determine students’ choice of condition. Disruptive behavior decreased for all five students during both student- and teacher-led conditions, and although data were variable, all five students increased academic engagement during student-led Tootling. Findings from the concurrent chain preference assessment revealed most students preferred the student-led Tootling condition. Social validity questionnaires indicated teachers preferred student-led Tootling and found it acceptable and feasible, and student questionnaires indicated they wanted to continue using Tootling in their classrooms. Maintenance data demonstrated all three teachers continued implementing student-led Tootling after the study’s completion. Delegating students to lead the intervention can support the integration and sustained use of Tootling in classrooms. One important next step is to evaluate the feasibility of student-led Tootling in early elementary classrooms. Replications are necessary to understand the effects of student-led Tootling in various settings and grade levels.
Management of medullary thyroid cancer based on variation of carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin
Authors: Wang Bo , Huang Jie , Chen Li
Published: October 2024

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin (Ctn) are pivotal biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, their diagnostic reliability in perioperative period remains a topic of ongoing debate. This review synthesizes researches on perioperative fluctuations in CEA and Ctn levels, and evaluates the impact of their different combinations on MTC diagnosis, treatment decisions, and prognosis. Our findings highlight it is crucial to understand and interpret the various combinations of CEA and Ctn fluctuations within a clinical context. Furthermore, to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient outcomes, we recommend follow-up diagnostic and treatment protocols designed to address the potential pitfalls associated with the use of these biomarkers.
Effect of permeability anisotropy on the CO2 saturation distribution and phase change during a leakage event in a saline aquifer
Authors: Guo Chaobin , Wang Xinwen
Published: October 2024

Predicting impacts of potential carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage into shallow aquifers that overlie geologic CO2 storage formations is an important part of developing reliable carbon storage technology. To quantifying the effect of permeability anisotropy, a three-dimensional hypothetical reservoir model was formulated to analyze the migration behavior of CO2 under diverse permeability anisotropy scenarios. Sensitivity analyses for parameters corresponding to the permeability anisotropy and the leakage rate are conducted, and the results suggest that permeability anisotropy significantly affect the CO2 migration characteristics. Increasing the parameter of vertical/horizontal permeability ratio results in longer CO2 migration distances, which enhances the aqueous phase ratio and safety through more interaction with the aquifer, but also raises the potential of the leakage reaching the ground surface due to higher gas ratio. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is crucial for implementing effective monitoring and management strategies.
Heat-absorbing sexual coloration co-adapts with increased heat tolerance in dragonflies
Authors: Leith Noah T. , Moore Michael P.
Published: October 2024

Producing and maintaining sexually selected ornaments often hinders survival. Because viability-related traits dictate the survival costs conferred by sexual ornaments, the evolution of viability-related traits can limit and/or compensate for ornament evolution. Here, we examine how the ornamental coloration of male dragonflies co-adapts with thermal physiology—a key suite of viability-related traits that influences nearly all reproductive and ecological interactions. Males of many dragonfly species produce dark color patches on their wings to attract potential mates and intimidate reproductive rivals. However, dark coloration also subjects male dragonflies to heat stress in warm climates by absorbing excess solar radiation. Our phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that dragonfly species with dark sexual coloration have also evolved increased critical thermal maxima, which may allow them to compensate for ornament-induced heating. This pattern of correlated evolution was especially strong for species that inhabit tropical climates, where the heating costs of dark coloration are most severe. Given that darkened sexual coloration is taxonomically widespread and consistently elevates body temperatures, the pattern of co-adaptation between sexual ornaments and thermal physiology found here could represent a key process driving eco-physiological divergence in the past and influencing how populations respond to the changing climates of the future.
Species diversity and spatial differentiation of heritage trees in Chengdu, China
Authors: Yang Yuanzhao , Sang Shiye , Liu Fangling , Xu Yang , Jiang Zhuying , Liu Xiaoli
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Heritage trees have special historical, cultural, and landscape value in cities and are keystone ecological structures for urban areas. However, these trees are threatened by rapid urbanization. To facilitate the conservation and management of such trees, our study investigated ancient trees in Chengdu, which is one of the hotspot of biodiversity and Historical and Cultural cities in Southwest of China.

Methods

The floristic diversity, Shannon-Wiener index (H), spatial pattern, characteristics, dimension, age, and health status of the trees were estimated by using ecological indexes and mathematical statistics.

Results

A total of 9383 heritage trees belonging to 119 species in 20 districts of Chengdu were surveyed. Dujiangyan (DJY) had the largest Shannon-Weiner index (H) (2.63), species count (76), and tree count (1842) and is therefore the most important district for preserving ancient trees. In contrast, Qingyang (QY) had the largest density of trees (120 trees/10 km2) among the 20 studied districts. In terms of important species, Phoebe zhennan (2351) was the dominant species, followed by Cupressus funebris, Ginkgo biloba, and Ficus virens. Akaike information criterion weights and standard deviation ellipse analysis showed that mean annual rainfall is a critical predictor for species distribution and age.

Discussion

Findings from this study suggest that reducing water stress environments will improve the management and conservation of heritage trees in the future.
Case report: A case of sintilimab-induced recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid dysfunction in a patient with advanced cervical carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chunliang , Cai Ye , Feng Pei
Published: October 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have radically altered cancer treatment, but immune toxicities called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), particularly endocrine toxicities, such as acute-onset diabetes and thyroid dysfunction, pose challenges. Although most irAEs have mild-to-moderate severity, failure to diagnose and treat them promptly can result in life-threatening complications. This report presents the case of a 50-year-old woman who developed ICI-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) during sintilimab treatment for advanced cervical carcinoma. The patient experienced repeated episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and subclinical hypothyroidism. Unlike the case of patients with typical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), our patient tested negative for β cell autoantibodies and progressed rapidly. Prompt recognition and insulin treatment are crucial for helping patients overcome such crises. Eventually, sintilimab was discontinued, and chemotherapy was initiated. This case report contributes to our understanding of ICI-DM. The significance of monitoring thyroid function and blood glucose levels before initiating ICI treatment to identify irAEs early and effectively manage them are important considerations.
Biomarkers in the early stage of PD-1 inhibitor treatment have shown superior predictive capabilities for immune-related thyroid dysfunction
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Chen Mengli , Li Shu , Cai Le , Ma Liang , Yang Qiuliang , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Bai Nan , Wu Xiaodong , Tang Zhihui , Wang Tianlin
Published: October 2024

Objective

Hematological indicators in the early stage of PD-1 inhibitor treatment may show superior predictive ability of the occurrence of immune related adverse event (irAE) compared to the pre-treatment indicators, as the immune response is modulated during the PD-1 inhibitor treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive capabilities of biomarkers in the early treatment stage for immune related thyroid dysfunction (irTD), and explore the potential predictive cytokines.

Methods

Medical records and blood test results of cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor at a certain medical institution were collected. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the predictive factors of irTD, ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curves (AUC) was calculated. Serum samples were collected before and during early treatment phase, cytokine detection was performed to explore potential predictive cytokines.

Results

A total of 264 patients were enrolled, 58 developed irTD (21.97%), including 31 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 27 with hypothyroidism. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, tumor types and PD-1 inhibitors between patients with and without irTD. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (OR=2.831, 95%CI: 1.077-7.443, P=0.035) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) (OR=9.565, 95%CI: 3.399-26.921, P=0.000) in the early treatment phase were independent predictive factors for irTD, the AUC of early-stage biomarkers was larger than that of pre-treatment (0.655 vs 0.571); low level of TSH at the early stage (OR=0.162, 95%CI: 0.077-0.341, P=0.000) was significantly correlated with thyrotoxicosis; female (OR=3.889, 95%CI: 1.457-10.380, P=0.007) and positive TPOAb (OR=8.678, 95%CI: 2.656-28.357, P=0.000) at the early stage were significantly correlated with hypothyroidism. The AUCs of early-stage biomarkers were larger than that of pre-treatment both in thyrotoxicosis (0.812 vs 0.637) and hypothyroidism patients (0.728 vs 0.710). The increase of IL-16 (adjusted P=0.004), IL-12p70 (adjusted P=0.014), IL-17 (adjusted P=0.014), CCL-15 (adjusted P=0.014) and IL-1a (adjusted P=0.021) in the early treatment phase were positively correlated with irTD.

Conclusions

Biomarkers at the early stage of PD-1 inhibitor treatment could predict irTD, and demonstrated stronger predictive ability compared to pre-treatment biomarkers. IL-16, IL-12p70, IL-17, CCL-15 and IL-1a could serve as potential predictive biomarkers for irTD.
Global trends in the clinical utilization of exosomes in dermatology: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tang Shiqin , Cai Pai , He Huina , Tian Yanan , Hao Ruiying , Liu Xin , Jing Tingting , Xu Yanyan , Li Xiaojing
Published: October 2024

The arena of exosomal research presents substantial emerging prospects for clinical dermatology applications. This investigation conducts a thorough analysis of the contemporary global research landscape regarding exosomes and their implications for dermatological applications over the preceding decade. Employing bibliometric methodologies, this study meticulously dissects the knowledge framework and identifies dynamic trends within this specialized field. Contemporary scholarly literature spanning the last decade was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequent to retrieval, both quantitative and visual analyses of the pertinent publications were performed utilizing the analytical software tools VOSviewer and Citespace. A comprehensive retrieval yielded 545 scholarly articles dated from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. Leading the research forefront are institutions such as Shanghai Jiao Tong University, The Fourth Military Medical University, and Sun Yat-sen University. The most prolific contributors on a national scale are China, the United States, and South Korea. Among the authors, Zhang Bin, Zhang Wei, and Zhang Yan emerge as the most published, with Zhang Bin also achieving the distinction of being the most cited. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences leads in article publications, whereas Stem Cell Research & Therapy holds the pinnacle in citation rankings. Theranostics boasts the highest impact factor among the periodicals. Current research hotspots in this area include Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(ADSC-Exos), diabetic skin wounds, cutaneous angiogenesis, and the combination of biomaterials and exosomes. This manuscript constitutes the inaugural comprehensive bibliometric analysis that delineates the prevailing research trends and advancements in the clinical application of exosomes in dermatology. These analyses illuminate the contemporary research focal points and trajectories, providing invaluable insights that will inform further exploration within this domain.
Potential application of ChatGPT in Helicobacter pylori disease relevant queries
Authors: Gao Zejun , Ge Jinlin , Xu Ruoshi , Chen Xiaoyan , Cai Zhenzhai
Published: October 2024

Background

Advances in artificial intelligence are gradually transforming various fields, but its applicability among ordinary people is unknown. This study aims to explore the ability of a large language model to address Helicobacter pylori related questions.

Methods

We created several prompts on the basis of guidelines and the clinical concerns of patients. The capacity of ChatGPT on Helicobacter pylori queries was evaluated by experts. Ordinary people assessed the applicability.

Results

The responses to each prompt in ChatGPT-4 were good in terms of response length and repeatability. There was good agreement in each dimension (Fleiss’ kappa ranged from 0.302 to 0.690, p < 0.05). The accuracy, completeness, usefulness, comprehension and satisfaction scores of the experts were generally high. Rated usefulness and comprehension among ordinary people were significantly lower than expert, while medical students gave a relatively positive evaluation.

Conclusion

ChatGPT-4 performs well in resolving Helicobacter pylori related questions. Large language models may become an excellent tool for medical students in the future, but still requires further research and validation.
Investigation of the fermentation filtrate from soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) pericarp on improving the microbial diversity and composition of the human scalp
Authors: Xu Chong , Pan Danyang , Zhang Dexiang , Lin Lin , Chen Yiti , Liang Shuangcheng , He Jingyu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Microorganisms as a component of scalp ecosystem play a vital role in human scalp health. Soapberry pericarp is employed in improving scalp health, and its content of active ingredients could be enhanced resulted in fermentation. This study aims to investigate the effect of the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp on the diversity of scalp microorganisms.

Methods

The components in fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp were analyzed by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and 16S and ITS sequences of 198 samples from three different used stages (Day 0, Day 7, Day 28) were sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform. Microbial diversity was assessed using alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indexes) and beta diversity (weighted unifrac and unweighted unifrac). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analysis (LEfSe) were used to visualize microbial variation among different stages.

Results

There were 22 components were identified in the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses showed that scalp microbial diversity and composition were influenced by the fermentation filtrate of soapberry pericarp. Based on functional analysis, this study found an enrichment of healthy scalp-related bacterial pathways, such as amino acid, nucleoside, and nucleotide biosynthesis, while a decrease in fungal pathogenesis pathways, specifically saprotroph and symbiotroph pathways, was observed.

Discussion

The study described about the complex community dynamics of human scalp microorganisms during the stages of using the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp. This result will help rationally utilize the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp to keep or improve human scalp health.
ALS-like pathology diminishes swelling of spinal astrocytes in the SOD1 animal model
Authors: Filipi Tereza , Tureckova Jana , Vanatko Ondrej , Chmelova Martina , Kubiskova Monika , Sirotova Natalia , Matejkova Stanislava , Vargova Lydia , Anderova Miroslava
Published: October 2024

Astrocytes are crucial for the functioning of the nervous system as they maintain the ion homeostasis via volume regulation. Pathological states, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affect astrocytes and might even cause a loss of such functions. In this study, we examined astrocytic swelling/volume recovery in both the brain and spinal cord of the SOD1 animal model to determine the level of their impairment caused by the ALS-like pathology. Astrocyte volume changes were measured in acute brain or spinal cord slices during and after exposure to hyperkalemia. We then compared the results with alterations of extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters, morphological changes, expression of the Kir4.1 channel and the potassium concentration measured in the cerebrospinal fluid, to further disclose the link between potassium and astrocytes in the ALS-like pathology. Morphological analysis revealed astrogliosis in both the motor cortex and the ventral horns of the SOD1 spinal cord. The activated morphology of SOD1 spinal astrocytes was associated with the results from volume measurements, which showed decreased swelling of these cells during hyperkalemia. Furthermore, we observed lower shrinkage of ECS in the SOD1 spinal ventral horns. Immunohistochemical analysis then confirmed decreased expression of the Kir4.1 channel in the SOD1 spinal cord, which corresponded with the diminished volume regulation. Despite astrogliosis, cortical astrocytes in SOD1 mice did not show alterations in swelling nor changes in Kir4.1 expression, and we did not identify significant changes in ECS parameters. Moreover, the potassium level in the cerebrospinal fluid did not deviate from the physiological concentration. The results we obtained thus suggest that ALS-like pathology causes impaired potassium uptake associated with Kir4.1 downregulation in the spinal astrocytes, but based on our data from the cortex, the functional impairment seems to be independent of the morphological state.
Short-term outcomes in early term infants (born at 37 or 38 weeks): a retrospective investigation
Authors: Kitamura Tsubasa , Tabata Kyosuke , Murano Yayoi , Yoneoka Daisuke , Nakazawa Tomoyuki , Sakamaki Ken , Shoji Hiromichi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Recently, researchers have introduced the concept of ‘early term’ infants, defined as infants born at 37 or 38 weeks of gestation, and their outcome has been discussed. Although the complications experienced by early term are less severe than those in preterm infants, this group accounts for a much larger proportion of newborns, making the assessment of outcomes important in clinical practice.

Methods

This observational study of term infants born at Tokyo Metropolitan Toshima Hospital aimed to understand the short-term outcomes in early term infants. Data extracted from the medical records were analyzed.

Results

Among 4,669 eligible participants, 463 (9.9%) were born at 37 weeks and 1,270 (27.2%) were born at 38 weeks. The remaining 2,936 infants were born after 39 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds ratio of hospitalization (1.56, 95% CI: 1.37–1.79, p < 0.05), apnea (2.23, 95%CI: 1.08–4.60, p < 0.05), and hypoglycemia (3.13, 95%CI: 1.95–5.03, p < 0.05) in early term infants. In detail, infants born at 37 weeks of gestational age had higher odds ratio for hospitalization (2.07, 95%CI: 1.68–2.35, p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia (4.11, 95%CI 2.22–7.60, p < 0.05) than infants born at 38 weeks of gestational age (1.40, 95%CI: 1.20–1.62, p < 0.05, and 2.78, 95%CI: 1.66–4.67, p < 0.0 respectively).

Discussion

This study revealed complicated clinical course in early term infants, and represents one of the largest contributions to understanding the outcomes of early term infants, and could help to determine strategies for elective cesarean section. According to this result, elective cesarean sections would be better planned at 38 weeks of gestational age. Moreover, in clinical practice, it is important to be aware of the complicated clinical course in early term infants.
Deferasirox-induced hyperammonemia and Fanconi syndrome: a case report
Authors: Zhou Houfu , Xiong Daoxue , Feng Yan , Jiang Jianyu
Published: October 2024

Background

The exact mechanism of hyperammonemia is thought to be multifactorial, but is not yet fully understood. No studies have yet reported hyperammonemia combined with Fanconi syndrome caused by deferasirox.

Case presentation

A 10-year-old girl was admitted for vomiting and altered consciousness. Blood testing revealed hyperammonemia and normal liver and coagulation functions. During hospitalization, the patient also exhibited hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia. Additionally, urinalysis revealed glucose and protein levels clinically consistent with Fanconi syndrome. The patient had a history of severe beta-thalassemia and had received intermittent blood transfusions for approximately ten years. The patient had been administered oral deferasirox at a 400 mg/day dose at the age of four, which had been gradually increased to the current 750 mg/day dosage. Upon admission, deferasirox was discontinued and treatment including mechanical ventilation, continuous blood purification therapy for ammonia reduction and acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance corrections was administered. Subsequently, serological markers returned to normal, urine test findings improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of hyperammonemia with Fanconi syndrome owing to deferasirox.

Conclusions

For effective management and long-term follow-up of chronic diseases in children, pediatricians must master standardized treatments and the adverse reactions of various drugs. When symptoms are difficult to explain clinically, we must trace the source and adjust the treatment plan to maximize improving the patient's prognosis.
Design and validation of a questionnaire to measure the attitudes of health professionals towards immigrants (AHPI)
Authors: Niewiadomska Iwona , Jurek Krzysztof , Dobrowolska Beata , Deluga Alina , Mamcarz Izabela
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of the article is to describe the validation process of a research tool used to measure the intensity and direction of medical personnel’s attitudes towards immigrant patients.

Design

An instrument validation design with a cross-sectional survey was conducted. The validation process was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, the content validity of the tool was analyzed. The competent judges method was used. The reliability of the judges was verified in terms of the consistency of evaluations (the I-CVI index was calculated). In phase 2, the questionnaire was tested among 340 healthcare professionals who have professional contact with immigrants, in terms of its factorial validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency (reliability measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) and absolute stability (measured by the test-retest method).

Results

The research results indicate satisfactory content validity of the tool (I-CVI>0.8). The reliability of the tool measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was high (0.86). The reliability study based on the test - retest method (after 3 weeks) showed high consistency of measurements (0.75). Exploratory factor analysis allowed extracting 1 factor, which explains 55.7% of the variance. The validity of the one-factor solution was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Satisfactory goodness of fit indices were obtained (RMSEA = 0.038; PCLOSE = 0.624; AGFI = 0.966; GFI = 0.990; CFI = 0.996).

Conclusion

The presented tool has satisfactory psychometric properties. The AHPI is a tool that can be used for quick assessment of the intensity and direction of attitudes of medical students and healthcare professionals towards immigrant patients, which can help shape educational and training processes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of iguratimod in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis
Authors: Long Zhiyong , Zeng Liuting , Yang Kailin , Chen Junpeng , Luo Yanfang , Dai Charles C. , He Qi , Deng Ying , Ge Anqi , Zhu Xiaofei , Hao Wensa , Sun Lingyun
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of iguratimod (IGU) in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis.

Methods

Initially, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on using IGU in treating inflammatory arthritis and degenerative arthritis were systematically gathered from various databases up to February 2024. Subsequently, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias in included studies, and conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

Fifty-four RCTs involving three inflammatory arthritis were included, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For AS, the meta-analysis results showed that IGU may decrease BASDAI (SMD −1.68 [−2.32, −1.03], P < 0.00001) and BASFI (WMD −1.29 [−1.47, −1.11], P < 0.00001); IGU may also decrease inflammatory factor [ESR: (WMD −10.33 [−14.96, −5.70], P < 0.0001); CRP: (WMD −10.11 [−14.55, −5.66], P < 0.00001); TNF-α: (WMD −6.22 [−7.97, −4.47], P < 0.00001)]. For OA, the meta-analysis results showed that IGU may decrease VAS (WMD −2.20 [−2.38, −2.01], P < 0.00001) and WOMAC (WMD −7.27 [−12.31, −2.24], P = 0.005); IGU may also decrease IL-6 (WMD −8.72 [−10.00, −7.45], P < 0.00001). For RA, the meta-analysis results showed that IGU may improve RA remission rate [ACR20: (RR 1.18 [1.02, 1.35], P = 0.02); ACR50: (RR 1.32 [1.05, 1.64], P = 0.02); ACR70: (RR 1.44 [1.02, 2.04], P = 0.04)] and decrease DAS28 (WMD −0.92 [−1.20, −0.63], P < 0.00001); IGU may also decrease inflammatory factors [CRP: (SMD −1.36 [−1.75, −0.96], P < 0.00001); ESR: (WMD −9.09 [−11.80, −6.38], P < 0.00001); RF: (SMD −1.21 [−1.69, −0.73], P < 0.00001)]. Regarding safety, adding IGU will not increase the incidence of adverse events.

Conclusion

IGU might emerge as a promising and secure therapeutic modality for addressing AS, OA, and RA.

Systematic Review Registration

Identifier PROSPERO: CRD42021289249
Inulin alleviates atherosclerosis through improving lipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in ApoE-knockout mice: the short-chain is more efficacious
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zeng Yu , Li Jiawei , Huang Yingchun , Zhang Nan , Gong Yue , Xiao Kaihu , Chen Jian , Chen Tiantian , Qiu Haomin , Lei Sisi , Yan Fei , Lang Chunhui , Duan Xudong , Dong Xianwen
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered the underlying cause of many diseases, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Inulin, a type of fructan, has shown potential in improving atherosclerosis, although there are conflicting findings. It is hypothesized that the polymerization degree of inulin may largely influence its therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of short-chain and long-chain inulin in AS.

Methods

ApoE−/− mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) were used to establish an atherosclerosis model. These mice received daily oral administration of either short-chain or long-chain inulin for 12 weeks. Plasma lipid metabolism-related indices were measured using biochemical analysis, and plasma immunological indices were analyzed via ELISA. The aorta, aortic root regions, liver tissue, adipose tissue, and colon tissue were examined through various staining techniques, including ORO staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue staining, and immunofluorescent or immunohistochemical assays. Microbiome analysis was conducted in the cecal content.

Results

The results indicated that both short-chain and long-chain inulin substantially reduced the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Inulin also improved plasma lipid concentrations and hepatic lipid metabolism, and partially alleviated both localized (atherosclerotic lesions) and systemic inflammation. Short-chain inulin was more effective than long-chain inulin in reducing atherosclerotic plaques formation, enhancing lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation. Additionally, both types of inulin showed similar effectiveness in enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, gut microbiota composition and functionality.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that inulin has a protective role against atherosclerosis by enhancing lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, and improving intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. As a dietary intervention, short-chain inulin is more effective than long-chain inulin, offering clinical implications for using inulin as a therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis.
CircFOXO3 upregulation mediates the radioresistance of glioblastoma by affecting cellular metabolome
Authors: Xu Hao , Xing Jin , Cheng Lilin , Wang Zhihan , Zhao Liang , Ren Li , Zhang Shuai
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Radioresistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent and lethal brain cancer in adults. Metabolic alterations are known to contribute to radioresistance by activating antioxidant responses and promoting DNA repair. However, the role of circular RNAs in this process, particularly circFOXO3, is not well understood.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the expression of circFOXO3 in glioma cells exposed to radiation and in recurrent GBM tissues. We performed knockdown and overexpression experiments in vitro and in vivo to assess the effects of circFOXO3 on radiosensitivity. Metabolomic profiling was conducted to explore the metabolic changes associated with circFOXO3 overexpression following irradiation.

Results

Our results showed significant upregulation of circFOXO3 in glioma cells upon radiation exposure and in recurrent GBM tissues. Knockdown of circFOXO3 increased radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of circFOXO3 attenuated radiosensitivity. Metabolomic analysis revealed substantial alterations in lipid and organic compound profiles between circFOXO3-overexpressing and control groups. Additionally, circFOXO3 suppression increased proapoptotic protein levels (Caspase 7 and Bax) and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 levels following radiotherapy.

Discussion

These findings demonstrate the pivotal role of circFOXO3 in promoting tumor radioresistance through metabolic modulation, suggesting that circFOXO3 could serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for GBM.
Identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase family in oat (Avena sativa L.) and their functions in response to saline-alkali stresses
Authors: Li Ya-nan , Lei Chunyan , Yang Qian , Yu Xiao , Li Siming , Sun Yan , Ji Chunli , Zhang Chunhui , Xue Jin-ai , Cui Hongli , Li Runzhi
Published: October 2024

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) serve as calcium ion sensors and play crucial roles in all aspects of plant life cycle. While CDPK gene family has been extensively studied in various plants, there is limited information available for CDPK members in oat, an important cereal crop worldwide. Totally, 60 AsCDPK genes were identified in oat genome and were classified into four subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationship. The members within each subfamily shared similar gene structure and conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that AsCDPK gene amplification was attributed to segmental duplication events and underwent strong purifying selection. AsCDPK promoters were predicted to contain cis-acting elements associated with hormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. AsCDPK gene expressions were induced by different salt stresses, exhibiting stress-specific under different salt treatments. Moreover, overexpression of AsCDPK26 gene enhanced salt resistance in C. reinhardtii, a single-cell photoautotrophic model plants. Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between AsCDPK26 and Na+/H+ antiporter 1 (p<0.05), suggesting that AsCDPK26 may interact with ion transporter to modulate salt resistance. These results not only provide valuable insights into AsCDPK genes in response to different salt stresses, but also lay the foundation to mine novel candidates for improving salt tolerance in oat and other crops.
Characterization of varietal effects on the acidity and pH of grape berries for selection of varieties better adapted to climate change
Authors: Plantevin Marc , Merpault Yoann , Lecourt Julien , Destrac-Irvine Agnès , Dijsktra Lucile , van Leeuwen Cornelis
Published: October 2024

Climate change is drastically modifying berry composition and wine quality across the world. Most wine regions with a history of winemaking are suffering from a loss of typicity and terroir expression because of climate change impact on berry components at harvest, including wine acidity, with total acidity decreasing and pH increasing. Such changes can have a major impact on wine stability and quality. One important option for adaptation is the selection of grapevine varieties better adapted to warmer and drier conditions. Weekly measurement of tartaric acid, malic acid, pH and titratable acidity from veraison until maturity were carried out on 51 varieties over seven years in two experimental plots. Varietal differences were shown for the rate of malic acid degradation during the ripening period, with some varieties metabolizing malic acid faster per unit of thermal time than others. Some varietal differences were also noticed regarding tartaric acid modulation, which can occur under exceptionally high temperatures. Differences in the dynamics of pH evolution in grape must over the growing season were evaluated and varieties characterized with regard to organic acids (tartaric acid and malic acid), inorganic compounds (cations) as well as pH levels and stability. This multi-trait approach allows the selection of grapevine varieties based on parameters linked to their acidity, which is of particular importance in the context of climate change.
Plant kinetochore complex: composition, function, and regulation
Authors: Xie Yuqian , Wang Mingliang , Mo Beixin , Liang Chao
Published: October 2024

The kinetochore complex, an important protein assembly situated on the centromere, plays a pivotal role in chromosome segregation during cell division. Like in animals and fungi, the plant kinetochore complex is important for maintaining chromosome stability, regulating microtubule attachment, executing error correction mechanisms, and participating in signaling pathways to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. This review summarizes the composition, function, and regulation of the plant kinetochore complex, emphasizing the interactions of kinetochore proteins with centromeric DNAs (cenDNAs) and RNAs (cenRNAs). Additionally, the applications of the centromeric histone H3 variant (the core kinetochore protein CENH3, first identified as CENP-A in mammals) in the generation of ploidy-variable plants and synthesis of plant artificial chromosomes (PACs) are discussed. The review serves as a comprehensive roadmap for researchers delving into plant kinetochore exploration, highlighting the potential of kinetochore proteins in driving technological innovations in synthetic genomics and plant biotechnology.
Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the molecular mechanisms of fruit skin coloration in pink strawberry
Authors: Xiao Wenfei , Liu Aichun , Lai Wenguo , Wang Jianrong , Li Xiaoyuan , Zha Yan , Zhao Bo , Chen Xiaoyang , Yu Hong
Published: October 2024

Elucidating the key genes and metabolites responsible for fruit skin color is essential for the breeding of strawberry varieties with beautiful fruit color. Here, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to identify the key genes and metabolites associated with fruit skin color in strawberry accessions of red skin (Kaorino), white skin (2012-W02), and the pink skin (Fenyu NO.1, the F1 hybrid of Kaorino and 2012-W02). The metabolomic data showed that the content of anthocyanin-related metabolites, such as p-Coumaroyl quinic acid, 5-Hydroxyconiferyl alcohol and Coumestrol were significantly higher in red-skinned strawberry line Kaorino than in the white-skinned line 2012-W02. The flavonoids and isoflavonoids such as syringetin and 2,7,4’-trihydroxy-isoflavone, were less expressed in the Kaorino than in the other two accessions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as BZ1, F3H, CHS, CHI, DFR, 4CL, PAL, CCR, 4CL, F5H, REF1 and UGT72E, were also significantly upregulated in the red-skinned line Kaorino compared to the white-skinned line 2012-W02, while the HCT, CYP75B1, FG3, HIDH, IF7MAT, I2’H, and VR was downregulated in Kaorino. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the pathways of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway essential for anthocyanin synthesis were commonly enriched by DRMs and DEGs. In addition, the metabolites of peonidin 3-O-glucoside, 2’-hydroxydaidzein and daidzin, and the genes of CYP93B2_16 and UGT73C6 were detected and most accumulated in pink-skinned Fenyu NO.1. This result suggested that the main strategy for obtaining a red skin color is to enhance the upstream pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and to restrict the downstream steps in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as the branch pathway of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis.