bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entomopathogenicity and Biological Attributes of Himalayan Treasured Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Yarsagumba)
Authors: Baral Bikash
Published: February 2017

Members of the entomophagous fungi are considered very crucial in the fungal domain relative to their natural phenomenon and economic perspectives; however, inadequate knowledge of their mechanisms of interaction keeps them lagging behind in parallel studies of fungi associated with agro-ecology, forest pathology and medical biology. Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis), an intricate fungus-caterpillar complex after it parasitizes the larva of the moth, is a highly prized medicinal fungus known widely for ages due to its peculiar biochemical assets. Recent technological innovations have significantly contributed a great deal to profiling the variable clinical importance of this fungus and other related fungi with similar medicinal potential. However, a detailed mechanism behind fungal pathogenicity and fungal-insect interactions seems rather ambiguous and is poorly justified, demanding special attention. The goal of the present review is to divulge an update on the published data and provides promising insights on different biological events that have remained underemphasized in previous reviews on fungal biology with relation to life-history trade-offs, host specialization and selection pressures. The infection of larvae by a fungus is not a unique event in Cordyceps; hence, other fungal species are also reviewed for effective comparison. Conceivably, the rationale and approaches behind the inheritance of pharmacological abilities acquired and stored within the insect framework at a time when they are completely hijacked and consumed by fungal parasites, and the molecular mechanisms involved therein, are clearly documented.
Study of the Molecular Dynamics of Multiarm Star Polymers with a Poly(ethyleneimine) Core and Poly(lactide) Multiarms
Authors: Román Frida , Colomer Pere , Calventus Yolanda , Hutchinson John
Published: February 2017

Multiarm star polymers, denoted PEIx-PLAy and containing a hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) core of different molecular weights x and poly(lactide) (PLA) arms with y ratio of lactide repeat units to N links were used in this work. Samples were preconditioned to remove the moisture content and then characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The glass transition temperature, Tg, is between 48 and 50 °C for all the PEIx-PLAy samples. The dielectric curves show four dipolar relaxations: γ, β, α, and α′ in order of increasing temperature. The temperatures at which these relaxations appear, together with their dependence on the frequency, allows relaxation maps to be drawn, from which the activation energies of the sub-Tg γ- and β-relaxations and the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann parameters of the α-relaxation glass transition are obtained. The dependence of the characteristic features of these relaxations on the molecular weight of the PEI core and on the ratio of lactide repeat units to N links permits the assignation of molecular motions to each relaxation. The γ-relaxation is associated with local motions of the –OH groups of the poly(lactide) chains, the β-relaxation with motions of the main chain of poly(lactide), the α-relaxation with global motions of the complete assembly of PEI core and PLA arms, and the α′-relaxation is related to the normal mode relaxation due to fluctuations of the end-to-end vector in the PLA arms, without excluding the possibility that it could be a Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars type ionic peak because the material may have nano-regions of different conductivity.
Corrosion-Resistant High-Entropy Alloys: A Review
Authors: Shi Yunzhu , Yang Bin , Liaw Peter
Published: February 2017

Corrosion destroys more than three percent of the world’s gross domestic product. Therefore, the design of highly corrosion-resistant materials is urgently needed. By breaking the classical alloy-design philosophy, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) possess unique microstructures, which are solid solutions with random arrangements of multiple elements. The particular locally-disordered chemical environment is expected to lead to unique corrosion-resistant properties. In this review, the studies of the corrosion-resistant HEAs during the last decade are summarized. The corrosion-resistant properties of HEAs in various aqueous environments and the corrosion behavior of HEA coatings are presented. The effects of environments, alloying elements, and processing methods on the corrosion resistance are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the possible directions of future work regarding the corrosion behavior of HEAs are suggested.
Is the Proportion of Carbohydrate Intake Associated with the Incidence of Diabetes Complications?—An Analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study
Authors: Horikawa Chika , Yoshimura Yukio , Kamada Chiemi , Tanaka Shiro , Tanaka Sachiko , Matsunaga Satoshi , Hanyu Osamu , Araki Atsushi , Ito Hideki , Tanaka Akira , Ohashi Yasuo , Akanuma Yasuo , Sone Hirohito
Published: February 2017

The appropriate proportions of macronutritional intake have been controversial in medical nutritional therapy for diabetes, and evidence of the effects of carbohydrate consumption on diabetes complications in prospective settings is sparse. We investigated the relationships between proportions of carbohydrate intake as the % of total energy and diabetes complications in a nationwide cohort of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years with hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. The analysis was of 1516 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcomes were times to overt nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) after 8 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) for proportions of carbohydrate intake were estimated by Cox regression adjusted for confounders. High carbohydrate intake was significantly related to higher intakes of grain, fruits, and sweets/snacks and lower intakes of soybean and soy products, vegetables, seaweed, meat and processed meat, fish and processed fish, eggs, milk and dairy products, oil, and alcoholic beverages. During the eight-year follow-up, there were 81, 275, and 129 events of overt nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and CVD, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, HRs for complications in patients with carbohydrate intake in the second or third tertiles (51.0%–56.4% and ≥56.5%, respectively) compared with carbohydrate intake in the first tertile (<50.9%, referent) were analyzed. No significant associations were shown in the second and third tertiles relative to first tertile (overt nephropathy: 1.05 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.54–2.06) and 0.98 (0.40–2.44); diabetic retinopathy: 1.30 (0.90–1.88) and 1.30 (0.78–2.15); and CVD: 0.95 (0.55–1.63) and 1.37 (0.69–2.72)). By exploring potentially nonlinear relationships, trends for the incidence of diabetes complications according to proportions of carbohydrate intake were not clearly shown. Findings suggested that proportions of carbohydrate intake were not associated with the incidence of diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Japan.
Promoting Military Cultural Competence among Civilian Care Providers: Learning through Program Development
Authors: Nedegaard Randall , Zwilling Jana
Published: February 2017

Military veterans and their families belong to a unique subculture. Several studies have identified the need for helping professionals to attain military cultural competence in order to practice more effectively. In order to address this need, a Midwestern state created a military culture certificate program (MCCP). The process of developing this program is described. Eighty-two participants of the MCCP completed a pretest survey assessing their knowledge, awareness, and self-confidence in working with this population. The majority of the participants had experience working with this population already, and their survey scores indicated moderate knowledge and moderate to high levels of overall self-efficacy. Pre-test scores indicated ten areas (six in knowledge and four in self-efficacy) that may deserve increased focus for programs and trainings on military culture. While the MCCP appeared to be generally effective, findings suggest that convenient adjunctive methods of obtaining information to enhance military cultural competence would also be helpful.
Seasonal Variation of Agility, Speed and Endurance Performance in Young Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Dragijsky Michal , Maly Tomas , Zahalka Frantisek , Kunzmann Egon , Hank Mikulas
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the linear running speed (LRS) for 30 m, change of direction speed (CODS), and endurance in young elite Czech soccer players. The following tests were conducted to assess CODS and endurance: Agility 505 turning toward the dominant (A505DL) and non-dominant lower limb (A505NL); Illinois Agility Test (IAT); and intermittent test (Yo-Yo IRT1). During the soccer season, we investigated performance at the following time periods: the start (t1) and the end of the pre-season period (t2); during (t3) and at the end of the competitive period (t4). Repeated measurement analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of time period on selected fitness parameters (p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis for test A505DL revealed significant improvements of performance at t3 (2.71 ± 0.08 s) and t4 (2.72 ± 0.06 s) compared to t1 (2.81 ± 0.09 s). A505NL was significantly different between t1 (2.83 ± 0.09 s) and t2 (2.76 ± 0.09 s), t3 (2.7 ± 0.07 s) and t4 (2.71 ± 0.09 s). Performance of CODS at t1 for the IAT (18.82 ± 0.56 s) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than any other time period (t2 = 18.52 ± 0.63 s, t3 = 17.94 ± 0.51 s, t4 = 17.89 ± 0.66 s). The power of LRS was significantly different at t3 (4.99 ± 0.15 s), and t4 (4.98 ± 0.17 s) compared to t1 (5.15 ± 0.21 s), and t2 (5.07 ± 0.14 s). For the Yo-Yo IRT1 test, we observed a significant increase in performance between t1 (625.26 ± 170.34 m), t2 (858.95 ± 210.55 m), and t3 (953.68 ± 229.88 m). These results show the impact of soccer season time period on young soccer player performance and may further serve as a basis for comparison with similar research conducted by peers. These results may aid sports practice for clinicians, conditioning coaches, soccer coaches and physiotherapeutic coaches.
An Analysis of the Contribution of Japanese Business Terms to Corporate Sustainability: Learnings from the “Looking-Glass” of the East
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo , Suzuki Masachika , Carpenter Angela , Tyunina Olga
Published: February 2017

During the last decade, there has been increasing research on Corporate Sustainability, whereby most of such research was undertaken in the Western world. This paper is aimed at analysing the contribution of Japanese Business terms to Corporate Sustainability. The paper analyses, using Grounded Theory, 28 Japanese business terms through a Corporate Sustainability framework based on the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, social, and time), the company system (operations and processes, strategy and management, organisational systems, procurement and marketing, and assessment and communication), and stakeholders (internal, interconnecting, and external). The underpinning principles of the Japanese business terms provide complementary approaches to Western views on corporate sustainability by offering a more holistic perspective by linking the company system and its stakeholders to the four dimensions of sustainability. The paper proposes that Corporate Sustainability can learn from Japanese business approaches through: (1) the interaction and alignment of the factory, the firm, and inter-firm network; (2) the relationships between management and employees; (3) the inter-linkages between the company system elements; and (4) how Japanese companies remained competitive, even under the stress of a long-term major economic crisis. However, the analysis indicates that the relationship with external stakeholders and communicating with them through assessment and reporting is lacking in Japanese business management practice. Japanese businesses and their management can also learn from the Corporate Sustainability of the West by: (1) considering the four dimensions of sustainability and how they interact; (2) taking a holistic and systemic approach to Corporate Sustainability; (3) engaging in more Corporate Sustainability research; and (4) making Corporate Sustainability part of a company’s culture and activities. Businesses in the East and the West need to recognise that they can both contribute to making the world more sustainable by learning from each other’s approaches on Corporate Sustainability and adapting them to their own contexts.
DEA Efficiency of Energy Consumption in China’s Manufacturing Sectors with Environmental Regulation Policy Constraints
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Gong Zaiwu
Published: February 2017

Because overall energy consumption intensity in China’s manufacturing industry is extremely high, the study of energy efficiency in that industry, with an analysis of the policy impacts of energy intensity reduction and other key factors, will no doubt improve energy utilization in the industry and stimulate sustainable development within it. This paper uses 2004–2014 panel data of 28 manufacturing industries and a piecewise linear utility function to construct a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model of energy consumption with environmental regulations constraints. We also examine the DEA evaluation of energy efficiency in manufacturing industries. We integrate environmental regulations as qualitative variables into the energy consumption evaluation model to research the coupling effects on energy consumption intensity of energy consumption structure, opening up, environmental regulations, technological progress, and competition within industries. The research shows that energy efficiency policy intensity is not the major effect on the development of low or moderate energy-consumption industries, whereas low-energy-efficiency policy is very favorable for the development of high energy-consumption industries.
Detecting Sustainability of Desertification Reversion: Vegetation Trend Analysis in Part of the Agro-Pastoral Transitional Zone in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Lian Jie , Zhao Xueyong , Li Xin , Zhang Tonghui , Wang Shaokun , Luo Yongqing , Zhu Yangchun , Feng Jing
Published: February 2017

Vegetation dynamics are an important topic in the field of global environment change, which is of great significance to monitor temporal–spatial variability of desertification at regional or global scales. Following the reported desertification reversion in the late 1990s in the Horqin Sandy Land, an issue was concerned for desertification control by decreased water availability. To detect the desertification process, MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) sequences were investigated to analyze the effect on vegetation over the 2000–2015 growing season. Results showed that: (1) NDVI sequences exhibited a positive trend in most of the significant pixels (19.1%–44.7% of the total), particularly in the southeastern part of Horqin, while showing a negative trend of 2.2%–4.3%; (2) NDVI was weakly related to precipitation since 2000, because intensified anthropogenic activities have obscured the impacts of climate variables, with a rapid decrease in grassland, and increase in cropland and woodland; and (3) the improved NDVI was interpreted by expanding cropland and excessive groundwater irrigation, according to the positive effect of grain yield on NDVI all over the Horqin area. For persistent desertification reversion, a land use strategy should be more adaptive to the carrying capacity in this agro-pastoral transitional zone, particularly with respect to water capacity.
Experimenting with Law and Governance for Decentralized Electricity Systems: Adjusting Regulation to Reality?
Authors: Lammers Imke , Diestelmeier Lea
Published: February 2017

Moving towards a low-carbon society calls not only for technological innovation, but also for new modes of governance. However, the current legal framework of the electricity sector, and the modes of governance that it establishes, impede innovation in the sector. To overcome this obstacle, in 2015 the Dutch government adopted a Crown decree for experiments with decentralized renewable electricity generation (Experimentation Decree) with the aim to generate insights on how to adjust the legal framework. The question remains whether regulation is being adopted to real-life settings, i.e., which lessons can be learned from experimentally acquired results regarding new modes of governance for decentralized electricity systems? To answer this question we apply an interdisciplinary approach: we investigate which modes of governance are established in the Experimentation Decree (legal research) and which ones are implemented in nine projects (governance research). Under the Decree, associations have to carry out all tasks in the electricity supply chain and can engage in collective generation, peer-to-peer supply and system operation. Other modes of governance, new actors for emerging activities and consumer involvement are limited. We conclude that the Experimentation Decree is too restricted regarding new modes of governance for a decentralized electricity system in real-life settings.
Study on the Evolution Mechanism and Development Forecasting of China’s Power Supply Structure Clean Development
Authors: Song Xiaohua , Zhang Xubei , Long Yun , Guo Yiwei
Published: February 2017

The clean development of China’s power supply structure has become a crucial strategic problem for the low-carbon, green development of Chinese society. Considering the subsistent developments of optimized allocation of energy resources and efficient utilization, the urgent need to solve environmental pollution, and the continuously promoted power market-oriented reform, further study of China’s power structure clean development has certain theoretical value. Based on the data analysis, this paper analyzes the key factors that influence the evolution process of the structure with the help of system dynamics theory and carries out comprehensive assessments after the construction of the structure evaluation system. Additionally, a forecasting model of the power supply structure development based on the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) has been put forward to forecast the future structure. Through the research of policy review and scenario analysis, the paths and directions of structure optimization are proposed. In this paper, the system dynamics, vector autoregressive model (VAR), policy mining, and scenario analysis methods are combined to systematically demonstrate the evolution of China’s power structure, and predict the future direction of development. This research may provide a methodological and practical reference for the analysis of China’s power supply structure optimization development and for theoretical studies.
A Decision Support System for Plant Optimization in Urban Areas with Diversified Solar Radiation
Authors: Wei Heyi , Huang Zhengdong , Lin Mu
Published: February 2017

Sunshine is an important factor which limits the choice of urban plant species, especially in environments with high-density buildings. In practice, plant selection and configuration is a key step of landscape architecture, which has relied on an experience-based qualitative approach. However, the rationality and efficiency of this need to be improved. To maintain the diversity of plant species and to ensure their ecological adaptability (solar radiation) in the context of sustainable development, we developed the Urban Plants Decision Support System (UP-DSS) for assisting plant selection in urban areas with diversified solar radiation. Our methodology mainly consists of the solar radiation model and calibration, the urban plant database, and information retrieval model. The structure of UP-DSS is also presented at the end of the methodology section, which is based on the platform of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Microsoft Excel. An application of UP-DSS is demonstrated in a residential area of Wuhan, China. The results show that UP-DSS can provide a very scientific and stable tool for the adaptive planning of shade-tolerant plants and photoperiod-sensitive plants, meanwhile, it also provides a specific plant species and the appropriate types of plant community for user decision-making according to different sunshine radiation conditions and the designer’s preferences.
Healthcare Waste Generation Worldwide and Its Dependence on Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors
Authors: Minoglou Minas , Gerassimidou Spyridoula , Komilis Dimitrios
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the dependence of the healthcare waste (HCW) generation rate on several social-economic and environmental parameters. Correlations were calculated between the quantities of healthcare waste generated (expressed in kg/bed/day) versus economic indices (GDP, healthcare expenditure per capita), social indices (HDI, IHDI, MPI, life expectancy, mean years of schooling, HIV prevalence, deaths due to tuberculosis and malaria, and under five mortality rate), and an environmental sustainability index (total CO2 emissions) from 42 countries worldwide. The statistical analysis included the examination of the normality of the data and the formation of linear multiple regression models to further investigate the correlation between those indices and HCW generation rates. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were also calculated for all pairwise comparisons. Results showed that the life expectancy, the HDI, the mean years of schooling and the CO2 emissions positively affect the HCW generation rates and can be used as statistical predictors of those rates. The resulting best reduced regression model included the life expectancy and the CO2 emissions and explained 85% of the variability of the response.
Tannery Effluent Treatment by Yeast Species Isolates from Watermelon
Authors: Okoduwa Stanley , Igiri Bernard , Udeh Chinyere , Edenta Chidi , Gauje Balli
Published: February 2017

The quest for an effective alternative means for effluent treatment is a major concern of the modern-day scientist. Fungi have been attracting a growing interest for the biological treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, Saccharomycescerevisiae and Torulasporadelbrueckii were isolated from spoiled watermelon and inoculated into different concentrations of effluent. The inoculants were incubated for 21-days to monitor the performance of the isolates by measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates, conductivity, phosphates, sulphates and turbidity. The results showed that Saccharomycescerevisiae had the highest percentage decrease of 98.1%, 83.0%, 60.7%, 60.5%, and 54.2% for turbidity, sulphates, BOD, phosphates and COD, respectively, of the tannery effluent. Torulasporadelbrueckii showed the highest percentage decrease of 92.9%, 90.6%, and 61.9% for sulphates, COD, and phosphates, respectively, while the syndicate showed the highest percentage reduction of 87.4% and 70.2% for nitrate and total dissolve solid (TDS), respectively. The least percentage decrease was displayed by syndicate organisms at 51.2%, 48.1% and 40.3% for BOD, COD and conductivity, respectively. The study revealed that Saccharomycescerevisiae and Torulasporadelbrueckii could be used in the biological treatment of tannery-effluent. Hence, it was concluded that the use of these organisms could contribute to minimizing the adverse environmental risks and health-hazards associated with the disposal of untreated tannery-effluents.
Hyponatremia as the Presenting Feature of a Pituitary Abscess in a Calf
Authors: Stewart Jamie , Bates Maria , Edwards B. , Aldridge Brian
Published: February 2017

A 2-month-old Simmental heifer presented for acute onset of neurological behavior. Laboratory tests confirmed the presence of hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia that improved with intravenous fluid therapy. Despite an initial cessation of neurological signs, symptoms re-emerged, and the heifer was euthanized due to poor prognosis. A pituitary abscess (Trueperella pyogenes) was observed on gross necropsy, suggesting that the effects of panhypopituitarism (inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion) may have resulted in the clinical findings. Pituitary abscess syndrome carries a poor prognosis due to the inability to penetrate the area with systemic antibiotic therapy. These findings highlight the unusual clinical presentations that may occur following pituitary abscess syndrome in cattle that practitioners need to consider when determining prognosis.
La transition Paléolithique inférieur-moyen dans l’Ouest armoricain : l’exemple de la couche 4 du site de Menez-Dregan I (Plouhinec, Finistère)
Authors: Ravon Anne-Lyse , Monnier Jean Laurent
Published: February 2017

Le site de Menez-Dregan I est un gisement du Paléolithique inférieur qui se présente sous la forme d’une ancienne grotte marine dont le toit s’est progressivement effondré. La couche 4 correspond à l’ultime occupation de ce gisement et se situe à une période charnière entre Paléolithique inférieur et moyen. Cette étude porte sur l’ensemble lithique issu des campagnes de fouilles 1991 à 2004 et a été entreprise dans le but de saisir les divers comportements techniques qui pourraient traduire cette transition. Il s’agit ici de présenter l’industrie lithique de cette couche, qui associe à la fois des caractères archaïques, comme les galets aménagés en grande quantité ou l’aspect opportuniste du débitage, et l’émergence de caractères du Paléolithique moyen, comme la standardisation de la production d’éclats ou l’adaptation des méthodes de débitage selon les dimensions des galets de matière première (débitage Discoïde pour le quartzite, débitage sur enclume pour les rognons de silex de petite taille). Les 13 212 pièces de la couche 4 et de ses trois niveaux (4a, 4b et 4c) ont été étudiées et sont présentées ici, ainsi qu’une structure de pavement, mise en évidence lors de la campagne de fouille de 2000 par S. Hinguant. La couche 4 de Menez-Dregan I a été attribuée au Colombanien par J.-L. Monnier (Monnier, 1996), en raison de la composition de son industrie lithique : outils à tranchant aménagé sur galets associés à un outillage léger, sur éclats de petites dimensions (encoches, denticulés), et par le caractère clactonien du débitage (larges talons peu facettés, bulbes forts, angles d’éclatement très ouverts). Le débitage Levallois est inexistant, les bifaces sont absents ou extrêmement rares, les racloirs sont peu nombreux. Le Colombanien s’avère être un faciès du Paléolithique inférieur, contemporain de l’Acheuléen mais typologiquement distinct. Cependant, la standardisation de la production d’éclats nous amène à entrevoir un changement dans l’industrie lithique de la couche 4 et nous permet de mettre en évidence une période de transition du Paléolithique inférieur au Paléolithique moyen au sein de cette dernière occupation du gisement. Cette étude contribue à documenter la variabilité et la diversité des industries lithiques des Paléolithiques inférieur et moyen, en démontrant que les critères habituels d’attribution à un faciès ne s’appliquent pas de la même manière à tous les gisements. L’utilisation des «fossiles directeurs » sera également remise en question, à la suite d’une rapide évocation de l’industrie de quelques sites du Paléolithique inférieur – colombaniens, acheuléens – ou du Paléolithique moyen.
Une occupation de l’extrême fin du Paléolithique dans la vallée de l’Escaut à Proville (Nord) « le Bois Chenu »
Authors: Leroy Gilles
Published: February 2017

At the end of the 1960s, pedestrian surveys yielded a homogeneous lithic assemblage from the bottom of a silty slope in contact with the alluvial plain of the river Scheldt. The morpho-technological features of the industry allowed it to be assumed that it belonged to the Epi-Ahrensburgian culture, a tradition mainly represented from the Loire Valley in France to northern Germany and southern England, from the end of the Younger Dryas to the early Pre-Boreal. The surveys undertaken in 2008, on a cultivated field south of the collection site, now urbanized, revealed a series of occupations at the bottom of this slope dating from the Late Palaeolithic to recent protohistoric periods. A concentration of lithic artefacts undoubtedly belonged to the same technical tradition as the series found on the surface. The excavation campaigns in 2009 and 2010 helped to define a Final Palaeolithic spatial entity and provided elements for technological, chrono-typological and spatial interpretations. The partial refittings of some blocks contribute to a better understanding of the strategy developed for obtaining standardized blades. The careful management of the siliceous material is exclusively oriented towards the production of laminar or lamellar supports. This technical process is highly representative of the ‘ Belloisian’ tradition. The initial blocks were prepared by a specific method using a hard stone hammer (flint). Blades and bladelets were removed by a sandstone hammer according to a bipolar process and after intense preparation of striking platform edges by abrasion. The toolkit refers to a technical environment now better understood thanks to research conducted over the past 20 years with regard to this techno-complex in north-western France and despite the obvious presence of intrusive Mesolithic elements.
Le faucardage par des écrevisses, résultats préliminaires (Macrophytes control by crayfish, preliminary results)
Authors: Blake Gérard , Laurent P.-J
Published: February 2017

In this work, we try to show the influence of grazing of Chara by crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus ) in a small pond of Savoy. Even if a lot of this invertebrates escaped in the first days, this introduction had brought a decrease in production of biomass.
Lépidoptères du Haut-Simyen (Ethiopie du Nord)
Authors: Rougeot Pierre-Claude
Published: February 2017

Depuis le voyage du coléoptériste britanique H. Scott dans le Simyen (1952-1953), qui y découvrit 3 nouvelles espèces de Lépidoptères Hétérocères, aucune mission entomologique n'avait été effectuée dans ce massif montagneux, le plus élevé d'Ethiopie.

L'auteur de ce travail, en novembre 1981, a pu séjourner une semaine dans le Simyen et y chasser, de jour comme de nuit, les Insectes.

On trouvera, dans cette note, outre une liste de Lépidoptères dont nombre sont des endémiques éthiopiens, les descriptions de plusieurs espèces nouvelles pour la Science, importante contribution à la connaissance de l'entomofaune du Nord éthiopien.
Les spécimens-types de Gallotia galloti (Oudart, 1839) (Reptiles, Sauriens)
Authors: Dubois Alain
Published: February 2017

Contrary to what is usually believed, the specific name Lacerta galloti must be credited to Oudart (1839) instead of Duméril & Bibron (1839). The two specimens MNHN 2744 and 2744 A, collected in Tenerife by Webb & Berthelot, and figured by Oudart (1839), are the only syntypes of this species. Therefore, the designation by Boulenger (1920) of a third specimen (MNHN 2743) as lectotype of the species is not valid, and the designation by Bischoff (1982) of the specimen MNHN 2744 as lectotype, although posterior to that of Boulenger (1920), is valid.
Nouvelles additions au catalogue des Lépidoptères de la Région lyonnaise (cinquième supplément)
Authors: Dufay Claude
Published: February 2017

5 th. Supplement to the Catalogue of the Lepidoptera from the Lyon's Country.

17 species news for the Lyon's Country are recorded, among one Lycaenidae and two Zygaenidae. The number of the species of the Macrolepidoptera known in this region reaches to 1342 with the Pyraloidea (142 Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae).
Spectral and DFT studies of anion bound organic receptors: Time dependent studies and logic gate applications
Authors: Pangannaya Srikala , Purayil Neethu Padinchare , Dabhi Shweta , Mankad Venu , Jha Prafulla K , Shinde Satyam , Trivedi Darshak R
Published: February 2017

New colorimetric receptors R1 and R2 with varied positional substitution of a cyano and nitro signaling unit having a hydroxy functionality as the hydrogen bond donor site have been designed, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The receptors R1 and R2 exhibit prominent visual response for F− and AcO– ions allowing the real time analysis of these ions in aqueous media. The formation of the receptor–anion complexes has been supported by UV–vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations. The anion binding process follows a first order rate equation and the calculated rate constants reveal a higher order of reactivity for AcO− ions. The 1H NMR titration and TDDFT studies provide full support of the binding mechanism. The Hg2+ and F− ion sensing property of receptor R1 has been utilized to arrive at “AND” and “INHIBIT” molecular logic gate applications.
INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESS ON THE STABILITY OF STEEL COLUMNS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Authors: TALVIK Ivar , KERVALISHVILI Andrei
Published: February 2017

Influence of residual stresses on the stability of steel columns with various sections at elevated temperatures has been studied. The potential effect of residual stresses on the stability of columns should be clarified, as the stability of compression elements in fire even without explicitly regarding residual stresses is not a straightforward phenomenon. Extensive numerical study was performed utilizing non-linear finite element method. Results for models ignoring and accounting for residual stresses were compared for different steel grades, various slenderness values, temperatures and section types. Results were compared with Eurocode method.
LIFETIME PREDICTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN CARBONATION ENVIRONMENTS CARBONATION MODELLING VS AIR PERMEABILITY MODELLING
Authors: FAUSTINO Pedro , GONÇALVES Fábio , BRÁS Ana , NUNES Ângela
Published: February 2017

This article compares two models for the prediction of lifetimes of reinforced concrete structures in carbona­tion environments based on different tests: carbonation test-based modelling and air permeability test-based modelling. The study also includes experimental testing of five concrete mixes with different types of cement in order to validate the models using safety factors. The tests included compressive strength, accelerated carbonation and air permeability. Both models are defined in a European standard as being alternative to each other, meaning that their results for the same concrete composition and the same environment should converge. The results show that both current models can scarcely constitute alternative to each other. Design lifetime results are far from similar for each concrete mix and each exposure class. The different nature of each test – accelerated carbonation and air permeability – and their different characteristic such as the scattering of results and the unrelated parameters of the modelling equations are some of the features discussed, including the possibility of using different safety factors as function of the model and definition of possible correlation between tests.
CULTURAL ANTECEDENTS TO THE NORMATIVE, AFFECTIVE, AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VERSUS FOREIGN PURCHASE BEHAVIOR
Authors: CONNER Suzanne L. , REARDON James , MILLER Chip , SALCIUVIENE Laura , AURUSKEVICIENE Vilte
Published: February 2017

The paper aims to investigate simultaneous and independent effects of cognitive, affective, and normative (CAN) decision mechanisms and cultural elements on consumer purchase behavior of foreign and domestic products. The study uses a survey to collect data from 5 086 respondents across 19 nations. The findings suggest that CAN factors independently affect purchase decisions for domestic, but not always foreign goods. Collectivism and uncertainty avoidance directly and differentially affect the CAN mechanisms. By explaining the effects of CAN and cultural elements on foreign and domestic purchase behaviour and offering product positioning strategies to internationally operating business managers the study provides important research and practical implications. The originality and value of this research lies in the theoretically proposed and empirically tested model, which incorporates consumer ethnocentrism, quality importance, national identification, cultural antecedents (collectivism and uncertainty avoidance) and domestic/ foreign product purchase behaviour.
DOES A CONNECTION EXIST AMONG NATIONAL CULTURE, ALLIANCE STRATEGY, AND LEADING ICT FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE
Authors: Golonka Monika , Rzadca Robert
Published: February 2017

"Corrigendum." Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(1), p. 180
Properties and Alignment of Interstellar Dust Grains toward Type Ia Supernovae with Anomalous Polarization Curves
Authors: Hoang Thiem
Published: February 2017

Recent photometric and polarimetric observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) show unusually low total-to-selective extinction ratios (R

V
 < 2) and wavelengths of maximum polarization (λ
max < 0.4 μm) for several SNe Ia, which indicates peculiar properties of interstellar (IS) dust in the SN-hosted galaxies and/or the presence of circumstellar (CS) dust. In this paper, we use an inversion technique to infer the best-fit grain size distribution and the alignment function of interstellar grains along the lines of sight toward four SNe Ia with anomalous extinction and polarization data (SN 1986G, SN 2006X, SN 2008fp, and SN 2014J). We find that to reproduce low values of R

V
, a significant enhancement in the mass of small grains of radius a < 0.1 μm is required. For SN 2014J, a simultaneous fit to its observed extinction and polarization is unsuccessful if all the data are attributed to IS dust (model 1), but a good fit is obtained when accounting for the contribution of CS dust (model 2). For SN 2008fp, our best-fit results for model 1 show that in order to reproduce an extreme value of λ
max ∼ 0.15 μm, small silicate grains must be aligned as efficiently as big grains. For this case, we suggest that strong radiation from the SN can induce efficient alignment of small grains in a nearby intervening molecular cloud via the radiative torque (RAT) mechanism. The resulting time dependence polarization from this RAT alignment model can be tested by observing at ultraviolet wavelengths.
Discovery of a Metal-poor, Luminous Post-AGB Star that Failed the Third Dredge-up
Authors: Kamath D. , Winckel H. Van , Wood P. R. , Asplund M. , Karakas A. I. , Lattanzio J. C.
Published: February 2017

Post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars are known to be chemically diverse. In this paper we present the first observational evidence of a star that has failed the third dredge-up (TDU). J005252.87-722842.9 is an A-type (T
eff = 8250 ± 250 K) luminous (8200 ± 700 L
⊙) metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.18 ± 0.10) low-mass (M
initial ≈ 1.5–2.0 M
⊙) post-AGB star in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Through a systematic abundance study, using high-resolution optical spectra from UVES, we found that this likely post-AGB object shows an intriguing photospheric composition with no confirmed carbon-enhancement (upper limit of [C/Fe] < 0.50) nor enrichment of s-process elements. We derived an oxygen abundance of [O/Fe] = 0.29 ± 0.1. For Fe and O, we took the effects of nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium into account. We could not derive an upper limit for the nitrogen abundance as there are no useful nitrogen lines within our spectral coverage. The chemical pattern displayed by this object has not been observed in single or binary post-AGBs. Based on its derived stellar parameters and inferred evolutionary state, single-star nucleosynthesis models predict that this star should have undergone TDU episodes while on the AGB, and it should be carbon enriched. However, our observations are in contrast with these predictions. We identify two possible Galactic analogs that are likely to be post-AGB stars, but the lack of accurate distances (hence luminosities) to these objects does not allow us to confirm their post-AGB status. If they have low luminosities, then they are likely to be dusty post-RGB stars. The discovery of J005252.87-722842.9 reveals a new stellar evolutionary channel whereby a star evolves without any TDU episodes.
Two-scale Analysis of Solar Magnetic Helicity
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Petrie Gordon J. D. , Singh Nishant K.
Published: February 2017

We develop a two-scale formalism to determine global magnetic helicity spectra in systems where the local magnetic helicity has opposite signs on both sides of the equator, giving rise to cancellation with conventional methods. We verify this approach using first a synthetic one-dimensional magnetic field and then two-dimensional slices from a three-dimensional α effect-type dynamo-generated magnetic field, with forced turbulence of opposite helicity above and below the midplane of the domain. We then apply this formalism to global solar synoptic vector magnetograms. To improve the statistics, data from three consecutive Carrington rotations (2161–2163) are combined into a single map. We find that the spectral magnetic helicity representative of the northern hemisphere is negative at all wavenumbers and peaks at

≈
0.06

Mm

−
1

(scales around

100

Mm

). There is no evidence of bihelical magnetic fields that are found in three-dimensional turbulence simulations of helicity-driven α effect-type dynamos.
SOFIA-EXES Mid-IR Observations of
Emission from the Extended Atmosphere of Betelgeuse
Authors: Harper G. M. , DeWitt C. , Richter M. J. , Greathouse T. K. , Ryde N. , Guinan E. F. , O’Gorman E. , Vacca W. D.
Published: February 2017

We present a NASA-DLR SOFIA-Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) and NASA Infrared Telescope Facility-Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) mid-IR

spectral study of forbidden Fe ii transitions in the early-type M supergiants, Betelgeuse (α Ori: M2 Iab) and Antares (α Sco: M1 Iab + B3 V). With EXES, we spectrally resolve the ground term [Fe ii] 25.99 μm (

:

K) emission from Betelgeuse. We find a small centroid blueshift of 1.9 ± 0.4

that is a significant fraction (20%) of the current epoch wind speed, with a FWHM of 14.3 ± 0.1

. The TEXES observations of [Fe ii] 17.94 μm (

:

K) show a broader FWHM of 19.1 ± 0.2

, consistent with previous observations, and a small redshift of 1.6 ± 0.6

with respect to the adopted stellar center-of-mass velocity of

. To produce [Fe ii] 25.99 μm blueshifts of 20% wind speed requires that the emission arises closer to the star than existing thermal models for α Ori’s circumstellar envelope predict. This implies a more rapid wind cooling to below 500 K within

(

mas, dist = 200 pc) of the star, where the wind has also reached a significant fraction of the maximum wind speed. The line width is consistent with the turbulence in the outflow being close to the hydrogen sound speed. EXES observations of [Fe ii] 22.90 μm (

:

K) reveal no emission from either star. These findings confirm the dominance of cool plasma in the mixed region where hot chromospheric plasma emits copiously in the UV, and they also constrain the wind heating produced by the poorly understood mechanisms that drive stellar outflows from these low variability and weak-dust signature stars.
On the Existence of Regular and Irregular Outer Moons Orbiting the Pluto–Charon System
Authors: Michaely Erez , Perets Hagai B. , Grishin Evgeni
Published: February 2017

The dwarf planet Pluto is known to host an extended system of five co-planar satellites. Previous studies have explored the formation and evolution of the system in isolation, neglecting perturbative effects by the Sun. Here we show that secular evolution due to the Sun can strongly affect the evolution of outer satellites and rings in the system, if such exist. Although precession due to extended gravitational potential from the inner Pluto–Charon binary quench such secular evolution up to a
crit ∼ 0.0035 au (∼0.09 R
Hill the Hill radius; including all of the currently known satellites), outer orbits can be significantly altered. In particular, we find that co-planar rings and satellites should not exist beyond a
crit; rather, satellites and dust particles in these regions secularly evolve on timescales ranging between 104 and 106 years, and quasi-periodically change their inclinations and eccentricities through secular evolution (Lidov–Kozai oscillations). Such oscillations can lead to high inclinations and eccentricities, constraining the range where such satellites (and dust particles) can exist without crossing the orbits of the inner satellites or crossing the outer Hill stability range. Outer satellites, if such exist are therefore likely to be irregular satellites, with orbits limited to be non-circular and/or highly inclined. Current observations, including the recent data from the New-Horizons mission explored only inner regions (<0.0012 au) and excluded the existence of additional satellites; however, the irregular satellites discussed here should reside farther, in the yet uncharted regions around Pluto.
How Hospitable Are Space Weather Affected Habitable Zones? The Role of Ion Escape
Authors: Airapetian Vladimir S. , Glocer Alex , Khazanov George V. , Loyd R. O. P. , France Kevin , Sojka Jan , Danchi William C. , Liemohn Michael W.
Published: February 2017

Atmospheres of exoplanets in the habitable zones around active young G-K-M stars are subject to extreme X-ray and EUV (XUV) fluxes from their host stars that can initiate atmospheric erosion. Atmospheric loss affects exoplanetary habitability in terms of surface water inventory, atmospheric pressure, the efficiency of greenhouse warming, and the dosage of the UV surface irradiation. Thermal escape models suggest that exoplanetary atmospheres around active K-M stars should undergo massive hydrogen escape, while heavier species including oxygen will accumulate forming an oxidizing atmosphere. Here, we show that non-thermal oxygen ion escape could be as important as thermal, hydrodynamic H escape in removing the constituents of water from exoplanetary atmospheres under supersolar XUV irradiation. Our models suggest that the atmospheres of a significant fraction of Earth-like exoplanets around M dwarfs and active K stars exposed to high XUV fluxes will incur a significant atmospheric loss rate of oxygen and nitrogen, which will make them uninhabitable within a few tens to hundreds of Myr, given a low replenishment rate from volcanism or cometary bombardment. Our non-thermal escape models have important implications for the habitability of the Proxima Centauri’s terrestrial planet.
Desenvolvimento local a partir da participação comunitária / Local development from the community involvement
Authors: Queiroz Iala Serra , Santos Luciane Cristina Ribeiro dos
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para reflexão sobre o processo de desenvolvimento local, a partir da participação comunitária nos bairros populares do Cabula e entorno mapeados pelo projeto Turismo de Base Comunitária da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (TBC-UNEB). Traçando um panorama histórico da crise ambiental e a discussão estabelecida no cenário internacional no esforço para a elaboração das políticas públicas. Neste trabalho, buscou-se mapear os conflitos socioambientais desta região, tendo como instrumentos metodológicos as rodas de diálogos, as visitas técnicas, e as vivências espontâneas dentro dos bairros. Como resultado, foi perceptível que a comunidade e os grupos sociais estão dispostos a iniciar um diálogo que promova a percepção dos conflitos socioambientais e, a partir disso trazer essa discussão para seus projetos, pautas e ações. Outro ponto de relevância é a questão do lixo, o qual é muito presente nestas discussões, porém quando se parte para a reflexão sobre o modo de produção e consumo pouco se observou nas proposições, concluindo que o processo de desenvolvimento local só se efetuará quando o pensamento alternativo envolver um conjunto de elementos, como por exemplo: a auto-gestão, autonomia e emancipação social desvinculado das questões capitalistas.