bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DFT Investigation of the Mechanism of Methoxycarbonylation of Styrene by Palladium Chloride
Authors: Patra Shanti Gopal , Saha Aritra , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar
Published: December 2024

The alkoxycarbonylation of styrene by palladium chloride is studied employing the density functional theory (DFT). Initially, [PdCl3]– reacts with methanol to form the methoxy-bound intermediate, which undergoes β-hydride elimination to form the key intermediate [PdCl2H]–. Then, a 1,2-insertion reaction to styrene takes place to form linear and branched alkyl coordinated with the PdII. Then, CO coordination followed by a 1,1-insertion reaction leads to the formation of acyl intermediate. Next, the methanolysis leads to the formation of esters. Previous reports with other catalysts suggested the intermolecular/intramolecular transition state (TS) formation with a high activation barrier, and this step was the bottleneck. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time we have considered a two-step mechanism for the alcoholysis of the ester formation mechanism. After coordination with the metal, the methanol undergoes oxidative addition to form the PdIV square pyramidal intermediate, followed by reductive elimination to form the ester with regeneration of the metal hydride active intermediate. Deeper insight into the nature of bonding at the TSs is obtained through energy decomposition with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM).
Fournier’s Gangrene Mortality Index (FGMI): A New Scoring System for Predicting Fournier’s Gangrene Mortality
Authors: Yönder Hüseyin , Çelik Mehmet , Berhuni Mehmet Sait , Genç Ahmed Cihad , Elkan Hasan , Tatlı Faik , Özgönül Abdullah , Çiftçi Felat , Erkmen Fırat , Karabay Oğuz , Uzunköy Ali
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Fournier’s gangrene is an aggressive, rapidly progressing, and life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and genital regions. Various scoring systems have been developed for predicting survival and prognosis in Fournier’s gangrene. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed Fournier’s gangrene mortality index (FGMI) in predicting mortality associated with Fournier’s gangrene. Methods: The study included patients over the age of 18 years who were followed-up with a diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene in the general surgery clinics of three different hospitals in Şanlıurfa province between 2014 and 2024. The patients included in this study were divided into two groups: deceased (n = 20) and surviving (n = 149). In FGMI, the parameters used were age, creatinine level, albumin level, lymphocyte percentage, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Based on the total score and risk assessment, <5 points were categorized as low-to-moderate mortality risk and ≥5 points as high mortality risk. Results: A total of 169 patients with a diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene were included in the study; 87 were men (51.48%). The median age of all patients was 53 (40–63) years; 20 patients (11.8%) died. The Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score did not show a statistically significant difference between the deceased and surviving groups (p = 0.5). Compared to the survivors, the deceased had higher neutrophil counts, neutrophil percentages, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratios, whereas lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte percentages, eosinophil counts, eosinophil percentages, monocyte counts, and monocyte percentages were lower, and these differences were statistically significant. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the ROC-area under the curve for predicting mortality based on an FGMI score of ≥5 was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80–0.95) with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 70% (p < 0.001). Univariate risk analysis was performed, and the odds ratio revealed that mortality risk in patients followed-up for Fournier’s gangrene with a FGMI score of ≥5 was 20 times higher (4.48–90.91) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results reveal that the FGMI score is a scoring system that can predict mortality at the initial clinical presentation of patients with Fournier’s gangrene. Another important finding of the present study is that the LRINEC score was not sufficiently effective in predicting mortality.
The Clinical Utility of Assessing Orthostatic Intolerance in Adolescents with Sport-Related Concussion, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Haider Mohammad N. , Deren Jule , Khaled Karim , Corrado Cathlyn , Chizuk Haley M. , Miecznikowski Jeffrey C. , Leddy John J.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: Assessing Orthostatic Intolerance (OI, symptoms upon standing from supine) is recommended in athletes with sport-related concussions (SRCs), as this is caused by impairments in the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (cANS). Early Exercise Intolerance (Early EI, symptoms on light physical exertion) is also due to impairments in the cANS but is difficult to incorporate into outpatient clinical practice (cost of personnel, time, equipment). The purpose of this study was to determine if we could use OI to screen for Early EI, as well as understand differences between adolescents who do and do not report OI. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Adolescents with physician-diagnosed SRC performed the 2 min supine to 1 min standing OI test and the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) during their first post-SRC visit. Early EI was defined as more-than-mild symptom exacerbation at a heart rate (HR) below 135 bpm on the BCTT; OI was defined as new or increased symptoms of dizziness or lightheadedness on postural change. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Participants with and without OI were compared. Results: In total, 166 adolescents (mean 15.4 years, 58.8% male) were seen a mean of 5.5 days after injury; 48.2% had OI and 52.4% had Early EI, but there was no association between the two measures (Phi = 0.122, p = 0.115). The sensitivity and specificity (with 95% confidence intervals) for OI to screen for Early EI were 54.0% (43.5, 64.3) and 58.2% (47.2, 68.7), respectively. Adolescents with OI had a higher incidence of delayed recovery (24% vs. 9%, p = 0.012). Conclusions: Although both measures seem to be related to impaired autonomic function after SRC, OI has limited accuracy in screening for Early EI, which suggests that their etiologies may be different. Nevertheless, the assessment of OI has clinical utility in the management of SRC.
Brazil’s New Green Hydrogen Industry: An Assessment of Its Macroeconomic Viability Through an Input–Output Approach
Authors: Martins Patricia Helena dos Santos , Serrano André Luiz Marques , Rodrigues Gabriel Arquelau Pimenta , Vergara Guilherme Fay , Saiki Gabriela Mayumi , Borges Raquel Valadares , Bispo Guilherme Dantas , Peixoto Maria Gabriela Mendonça , Gonçalves Vinícius Pereira
Published: December 2024

This manuscript explores the role of green hydrogen produced through ethanol reforming in accelerating Brazil’s transition to a low-carbon economic framework. Despite ongoing efforts to lessen carbon dependence, Brazil’s reliance on biofuels and other renewable energy sources remains inadequate for fully achieving its decarbonization objectives. Green hydrogen presents a vital opportunity to boost energy sustainability, especially in sectors that are challenging to decarbonize, such as industry and transportation. By analyzing Brazil’s input–output (I-O) table, using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), this study evaluates the macroeconomic potential of green hydrogen, focusing on GDP growth and employment generation. Furthermore, the research explores green hydrogen systems’ economic feasibility and potential impact on future energy policies, offering valuable insights for stakeholders and decision-makers. In addition, this investigation highlights Brazil’s abundant renewable resources and identifies the infrastructural investments necessary to support a green hydrogen economy. The findings aim to strengthen Brazil’s national decarbonization strategy and serve as a model for other developing nations transitioning to clean energy.
‘Some Days Are Not a Good Day to Be a Mum’: Exploring Lived Experiences of Guilt and Shame in the Early Postpartum Period
Authors: Jackson Leanne , O’Donoghue Emily , Helm Jasmin , Gentilcore Rita , Hussain Anisha
Published: December 2024

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. However, guilt and shame are poorly distinguished in pre-existing literature. The current study used inductive thematic analysis to explore lived experiences of guilt and shame in the early postpartum period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women who had given birth in the past 16 weeks and who were residing in the UK at the time of the investigation. All those interviewed had internalised unrealistic mothering ideals. Physical constraints on one’s parenting abilities, due to birth recovery, exacerbated postpartum guilt and shame. Other sources of guilt and shame included body dissatisfaction and making comparisons against other mothers and media depictions of motherhood. Participants were hesitant to confide in others about parenting challenges due to fears of judgement, which perpetuated the shame-concealment cycle. Future research should prioritise the development of interventions designed to target a harsh parenting inner critic, and the re-framing of cognitive biases, to nurture more realistic and self-compassionate beliefs about motherhood. For practice, current findings mirror previous calls for intimate partners to be actively included in routine appointments, to provide healthcare practitioners with specialist training in postpartum mental health, and to educate mothers on responsible social media use.
A Refined Knowledge Distillation Network for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection
Authors: Han Zeyu , Wan Jin , Li Yumei , Li Gang
Published: December 2024

Knowledge distillation has been proven to be an important component in unsupervised image anomaly detection and localization. However, a significant challenge remains in how the student network can extract more accurate feature information from the teacher network during the knowledge distillation process. In this paper, we propose a refined knowledge distillation network which introduces simulated anomalous images to address the lack of anomalous samples in unsupervised anomaly detection. Firstly, to enhance the student network’s ability to effectively focus on the important features of the teacher network while ensuring spatial consistency between student and teacher features, we design a double feature enhancement and alignment module (DFEAM). Additionally, we propose a multi-domain enhanced restoration loss to reduce the loss of critical details while the student network is learning from the teacher network, thereby improving its feature learning capability. Finally, to fully consider the weight differences between features at different layers for various detection tasks, we design a multi-scale feature interaction fusion module (MFIFM) that effectively integrates feature information from different layers to achieve better results. Extensive experiments are conducted on the publicly available industrial anomaly detection dataset, and the results validate the effectiveness of our model and modules. The image-level anomaly detection achieves an area under the curve (AUC) of 98.9%, the pixel-level anomaly detection achieves an average precision (AP) of 78.3%, and the instance-level anomaly detection achieves an instance average precision (IAP) of 77.5%.
Optimization Scheduling of Combined Heat–Power–Hydrogen Supply Virtual Power Plant Based on Stepped Carbon Trading Mechanism
Authors: Liu Ziteng , Zhao Jianli , Tao Weijian , Ai Qian
Published: December 2024

In the context of dual-carbon goals, it is essential to coordinate low-carbon policies and technologies. As a promising approach for clean energy integration, the combined heat–power–hydrogen virtual power plant (CHP-H VPP) effectively consolidates electricity, heat, and hydrogen to meet increasing energy demands and reduce carbon emissions. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling method for CHP-H VPPs based on a stepped carbon trading mechanism. First, at the low-carbon technology level, a CHP-H VPP architecture is constructed, incorporating thermal power units, hydrogen-doped gas turbines, hydrogen-doped gas boilers, and two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) systems. Second, at the policy level, a stepped carbon trading model is established to constrain system carbon emissions and an optimization model is formulated to minimize operating costs and emissions. Finally, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with linearly decreasing constraints is employed to refine solution accuracy and accelerate convergence by progressively narrowing the search space and guiding the algorithm toward optimal solutions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model enhances both the economic performance and carbon-reduction capabilities of the system; the simulation results also show that the proposed model effectively improves economic returns by reducing operating costs and enhancing carbon-reduction capacity, with a 7% reduction in run time.
Using Chatbots to Enhance Integrated Reporting: Insights from Accounting and Consultancy Companies from Romania
Authors: Anton Carmen Elena , Ciobanu Eliza , Brătucu Gabriel , Bucs Loránt
Published: December 2024

Integrated reporting is essential for businesses to communicate long-term value creation. Despite growing interest, little research has examined AI technologies like chatbots in sustainable reporting practices. This study addresses this gap, exploring chatbot adoption within 11,113 Romanian accounting and consultancy firms in Romania’s emerging digital landscape. Researchers used Python’s Seaborn library to analyze financial data from 2018 to 2022, finding that companies with higher revenue and liquidity were more likely to make their mark on how to achieve integrated reporting. Additionally, this study revealed the potential of chatbot technology adoption to enhance financial reporting and management, significantly improving financial reporting efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility. By automating data collection and analysis, generating real-time reports, and improving communication with stakeholders, chatbots can significantly improve efficiency and accuracy in financial processes. By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities, firms can use chatbot technology to create more efficient, effective, and sustainable reporting practices. The findings contribute to this field of knowledge on sustainable reporting by examining the potential of technology and artificial intelligence (virtual assistants) to improve stakeholder communication. This study provides a case study from Romania, with implications for other regions.
Design and Implementation of a Smart AC Current Source for Impedance Spectroscopy Using ARM Microcontrollers
Authors: Meléndez Muñoz Salvador , Silvestre Mérida Emilio , Fernández Scagliusi Santiago J. , Oprescu Andreea M. , Algarín Pérez Antonio , Pérez García Pablo
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the development of a low-cost alternating current (AC) smart current generator using ARM Cortex-M33 microcontrollers with integrated peripherals, Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) and Operational amplifiers (OPAMPS). The system generates an AC voltage signal through the DAC, which is then converted to an AC using integrated operational amplifiers and passive components. The proposed design provides a compact, low-power, cost-effective solution which is suitable for optimized embedded system sensor design. Results show a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 70 dB and a total harmonic distortion (THD) as low as 0.2%, illustrating the potential for advanced sensing applications.
Study on Instability Mechanism and Compensation Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Ning Yuda , Lin Hu , Wan Xiaoteng , Huang Yumeng , Yang Zhiqin , Wang Qing , Wang Tangchong , Deng Yongqing
Published: December 2024

Distributed energy storage systems (DESSs), which would become key components in a new power system, can flexibly deliver peak load shaving and demand management. With the popularization of distributed renewable energy generation in a distribution network, the grid impedance varies and DESSs thus have to face stability issues. In order to enhance the system’s stability, a compensation strategy is proposed for the inverter in a DESS. First, a stability analysis model is developed to show the main factors that affect system stability. Then, an improved compensation strategy is proposed for the phase-locked loop (PLL) in a DESS, in which control parameters are adaptively tuned on-line according to real-time conditions to improve the stability of a grid-tied DESS. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy significantly increases the system’s tolerance to grid impedance variations, maintains total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5% during normal operation, and effectively reduces low-order harmonic content caused by impedance fluctuations. Moreover, the strategy is demonstrated to enhance system stability under low state-of-charge (SOC) conditions, showcasing its robustness and adaptability across various operating scenarios.
An Underactuated Dexterous Hand with Novel Bidirectional Self-Locking Joints for Multiple Fingertip Active Motion Trajectories
Authors: Zhang Daode , He Ziwen , Ding Zican , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Wei , Pan Yanyu
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an underactuated dexterous hand with novel bidirectional self-locking joints (BSJs) that enable multiple fingertip motion trajectories. The BSJ design integrates a locking wheel, rack, finger side walls, and a self-holding electromagnetic actuator, combining rack-and-pinion transmission with friction self-locking principles. Building on the BSJ concept, an underactuated dexterous hand is developed. The study begins with an analysis of BSJ’s deviation angle, establishing the minimum deviation angle critical to its operation. A detailed mechanical model of a BSJ is formulated, and its parameters are quantitatively analyzed to determine a safety static friction coefficient (0.177). Five distinct finger motion modes are designed and kinematic analysis focuses on the index finger and the generation of 57 unique fingertip active motion trajectories. Experimental validation included single finger performance tests that confirmed the diversity of fingertip trajectories and the hand’s ability to withstand loading in both forward and reverse directions. Through envelope and precision grasping experiments, the dexterous hand demonstrated its adaptability and ability to grasp objects of various sizes and shapes, such as strawberries, apples, student ID cards, and water bottles. This capability underscores its potential for a wide range of applications, from prosthetic hands for rehabilitation, where precision and adaptability are key, to robotic hands in industrial automation, offering flexibility in diverse tasks.
Unveiling the Mechanisms of Digital Technology in Driving Farmers’ Green Production Transformation: Evidence from China’s Watermelon and Muskmelon Sector
Authors: Musajan Adiljan , Lin Qingning , Wei Dawei , Mao Shiping
Published: December 2024

Leveraging the transformative potential of digital technologies to support the farmers’ green production transformation (FGPT) is a critical catalyst for facilitating the accelerated green transformation and upgrading of agricultural systems, thereby achieving high-quality agricultural development. Using survey data from major watermelon- and muskmelon-producing regions in Henan, Shandong, and Xinjiang, and employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and the Logit model, this study examines the mechanisms through which digital technology influences FGPT. The findings reveal that the adoption of digital technology significantly reduces farmers’ use of pesticides and fertilizers, with a particularly pronounced effect on pesticide reduction. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of digital technology on reducing pesticide and fertilizer usage varies across regions: while its adoption leads to significant reductions in Henan and Shandong, the positive effects in Xinjiang remain statistically insignificant. Mechanism analysis shows that digital technology enhances FGPT by reducing information asymmetry, improving market access, and enhancing precision management practices. Based on these findings, this study recommends expanding awareness campaigns to accelerate the adoption of digital technology, enhancing digital infrastructure to bridge the urban–rural digital divide, and optimizing digital technology promotion systems. These actions can be taken alongside the implementation of economic incentives and compensation mechanisms. The insights and policy recommendations from this research provide valuable guidance for China and other countries seeking to leverage digital technology for sustainable agricultural development.
A Flexible Framework for Decentralized Composite Optimization with Compressed Communication
Authors: Chang Zhongyi , Zhang Zhen , Yang Shaofu , Cao Jinde
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the decentralized composite optimization problem, where a network of agents cooperatively minimize the sum of their local objective functions with non-differentiable terms. We propose a novel communication-efficient decentralized ADMM framework, termed as CE-DADMM, by combining the ADMM framework with the three-point compressed (3PC) communication mechanism. This framework not only covers existing mainstream communication-efficient algorithms but also introduces a series of new algorithms. One of the key features of the CE-DADMM framework is its flexibility, allowing it to adapt to different communication and computation needs, balancing communication efficiency and computational overhead. Notably, when employing quasi-Newton updates, CE-DADMM becomes the first communication-efficient second-order algorithm based on compression that can efficiently handle composite optimization problems. Theoretical analysis shows that, even in the presence of compression errors, the proposed algorithm maintains exact linear convergence when the local objective functions are strongly convex. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate the algorithm’s impressive communication efficiency.
Hemostatic Antimicrobial Hydrogels Based on Silicon, Iron, Zinc, and Boron Glycerolates for Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Khonina Tat’yana , Alekseenko Semyon , Shadrina Elena , Ganebnykh Il’ya , Mekhaev Alexander , Larionov Leonid , Dobrinskaya Maria , Izmozherova Nadezhda , Antropova Irina , Karabanalov Maxim , Kokhan Muza , Evstigneeva Natali’ya , Chupakhin Oleg
Published: December 2024

The use of glycerolates of biogenic elements as biocompatible precursors in sol–gel synthesis is an innovative direction and opens up new scientific and practical prospects in chemistry and technology of producing practically important biomedical materials, including hemostatic, antimicrobial, and wound healing materials. Using biocompatible precursors, silicon, zinc, boron, and iron glycerolates, new bioactive nanocomposite hydrogels were obtained by the sol–gel method. The composition and structural features of the hydrogels were studied using a complex of modern analytical techniques, including TEM, XRD, AES, and ESI MS. Hemostatic activity of the hydrogels was studied in the in vivo experiments; using the example of silicon-iron-zinc-boron glycerolates hydrogel, primary toxicological studies were carried out. Antimicrobial properties of hydrogels were studied using the agar diffusion method. The structural features of hydrogels and their relationship to medical and biological properties were revealed. It was shown that glycerolates hydrogels are non-toxic, and exhibit pronounced hemostatic activity, generally comparable to the commercial hemostatic drug Capramine. Antimicrobial activity is more pronounced for silicon-iron-zinc-boron and silicon-iron-boron glycerolates gel. The results obtained indicate that these glycerolates hydrogels are potential hemostatic and antibiotic-independent antimicrobial agents for topical wound healing applications in medical and veterinary practice.
High Resolution Precipitation and Soil Moisture Data Integration for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Peiro Yaser , Volpe Evelina , Ciabatta Luca , Cattoni Elisabetta
Published: December 2024

Satellite-derived high-resolution soil moisture and precipitation data have become widely adopted in natural hazard and climate change research. Landslide susceptibility mapping, which often relies on static predisposing factors, faces challenges in accounting for temporal changes, limiting its efficacy in accurately identifying potential locations for landslide occurrences. A key challenge is the lack of sufficient ground-based monitoring networks for soil moisture and precipitation, especially in remote areas with limited access to rain gauge data. This study addresses these limitations by integrating static landslide conditioning factors—such as topography, geology, and landscape features—with high-resolution dynamic satellite data, including soil moisture and precipitation. Using machine learning techniques, particularly the random forest (RF) algorithm, the approach enables the generation of dynamic landslide susceptibility maps that incorporate both spatial and temporal variations. To validate the proposed method, two significant rainfall events that occurred in Italy in October and November 2019—each triggering more than 40 landslides—were analyzed. High-resolution satellite rainfall and soil moisture data were integrated with statistical conditioning factors to identify high-probability landslide areas successfully. A differential susceptibility map was generated for these events to compare the results between them, illustrating how susceptibility variations within the study area are influenced by hydrological factors. The distinct susceptibility patterns associated with different hydrological conditions were accurately captured. It is suggested that future research focus on leveraging time-series high-resolution satellite data to enhance landslide susceptibility assessments further.
Comparison of Fluid Flow Rates by Fluid Height and Catheter Size in Normal and Hypertensive Blood-Pressure Scenarios
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Lee Hanna , Han Jeongwon
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study is performed to determine the effects of fluid height, inner catheter diameter, and peripheral venous pressure on room-temperature intravenous fluid administration. Methods: We employed the Bernoulli equation, with frictional forces considered for volumetric analysis. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that infusion-set height, catheter size, fluid type, and blood pressure significantly affect flow rates. Under normotensive conditions, flow rates ranged from 58.2 to 10,743.18 cc/h, with the highest rates observed at a 1 m infusion-set height and larger catheters. Additionally, 6% hetastarch exhibited the lowest flow rates, while 0.9% normal saline showed the highest. Under hypertensive conditions, slightly higher infusion-set elevations were required for measurable flow rates, but they remained lower than those under normotensive conditions. Conclusion: This study investigates the mechanics of peripheral venous fluid therapy and provides foundational data for future nursing research on fluid management.
Exploring the Impact of Personal Factors on Residents’ Willingness to Undergo Primary Care Initial Diagnosis in Beijing, China: A Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Gao Yongchuang , Guo Yuangeng , Wu Zhennan , Deng Wenhao
Published: December 2024

Background: As the foundation and core strength of the healthcare system, the primary care initial diagnosis system has been receiving attention from both the medical and management communities. This study aimed to analyze residents’ attitudes toward the system and explore the influencing factors relating to the system in Beijing; Methods: Different methods were used to analyze the multidimensional data. This study selected 610 Beijing residents to complete the survey and used a purposeful sampling method to recruit 15 participants aged 25 to 70 for face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods to carry out statistical analysis. Results: The tie-breaking age of the interviewees was 46 years old, and the questionnaire showed that highly educated and aging populations had low willingness to undergo primary care initial diagnosis, 97.7% of chronic disease patients were unwilling to undergo primary care initial diagnosis, and different people have different levels of willingness to undergo primary care initial diagnosis. Factors such as level of confidence in the government and health literacy significantly affected residents’ willingness. Conclusions: This study suggests that the government needs to foster a positive policy image and actively publicize policy content and effects to increase the confidence of the population in the government. Community health service centers need to use Internet technology to perform chronic disease archiving and management efficiently in order to solve the problems of chronic disease management. The government and hospitals need to focus on the characteristics of different groups of residents and enhance their health literacy so as to implement the primary care initial diagnosis policy.
Archaeometric Research of Boian Pottery Decoration from the Settlement of Hârșova-Tell
Authors: Brezoi Dragos-Viorel , Iordache Adrian , Gheboianu Anca Irina , Ilie Ana , Slămnoiu-Teodorescu Sofia
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of archaeometric research on the white and red materials used to decorate some ceramic vessels belonging to the Boian culture, the Vidra and Spanţov phases from the 5th millennium BC, discovered at Hârşova-Tell, on the right bank of the Danube, Romania. Digital microscopy, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the morphology, the crystalline phases, chemical formula, and percentage content of each crystalline phase in the white decoration materials and what type of pigment was used to prepare the red paint. The results obtained reveal that the white decorating material in the pottery is mostly made of calcite. It was added after the pottery was fired. Sometimes, powders from burnt bones were also used. The red pigment is hematite. The work contributes to the completion of a puzzle related to the artistic vision of the members of the Boian communities in decorating ceramics with culture-specific motifs, preserving the pattern, and adapting to the local natural resources.
Epistemological Obstacles to Social Studies Education
Authors: Castellví Jordi
Published: December 2024

This article explores the role of discursive practices and epistemological obstacles in shaping educational knowledge and power dynamics within schools. Drawing on critical pedagogy and the works of McLaren, Foucault, Gramsci, and Bachelard, it examines how schools act as sites where hegemonic Discourses are either reproduced or resisted. Discourses, understood as integrated social practices encompassing language, actions, beliefs, and values, deeply influence how students form their social representations of the world. The article highlights the need for educators to challenge traditional curricular theories that prioritize technical knowledge, often presented as neutral, while masking underlying power relations. Through the analysis of Bachelard’s epistemological obstacles, such as simplification, generalization, and depersonalization, the article discusses how these barriers impede students’ ability to critically engage with complex social phenomena. Multiperspectivity is proposed as a key educational approach to foster critical thinking and empower students to challenge social injustices. The discussion calls for systemic educational reforms, emphasizing the importance of teacher training that encourages the identification and questioning of dominant ideologies. By adopting a critical, social justice-oriented pedagogy, educators can help students not only understand but also transform their social realities, promoting an equitable and democratic educational environment.
Geospatial Multi-Hazard Assessment for Gyeonggi-do Province, South Korea Subjected to Earthquake
Authors: Kim Han-Saem , Kim Mingi
Published: December 2024

The increasing frequency of earthquake events worldwide, particularly in South Korea, necessitates detailed seismic hazard assessments to mitigate the risks to urban infrastructure. This study addresses this pressing need by developing a comprehensive multi-hazard assessment framework specific to the Gyeonggi-do Province. By leveraging advanced geospatial computation techniques and geographic information systems, this study integrated geotechnical data, terrain information, and building inventories to evaluate seismic site effects, earthquake-induced landslide hazards, and structural vulnerability. This method uses geostatistical methods to construct geotechnical spatial grids that correlate site-specific seismic responses to potential hazards. The key findings revealed significant variations in seismic site responses owing to local subsurface characteristics, emphasizing the importance of site-specific seismic hazard maps for urban disaster preparedness. The framework’s effectiveness was validated by analyzing the 2017 Pohang earthquake, which demonstrated a strong correlation between predicted and observed damage. This study highlights the importance of ongoing seismic hazard assessment methodology development and advocates interdisciplinary collaboration to improve urban resilience, ultimately protecting communities from the impacts of future earthquakes.
Changes in Morphometric and Physiological Parameters of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Caused by Fluoride Contamination
Authors: Krasavtseva Eugenia , Makarov Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of fluoride on the morphometric and physiological parameters of higher plants. The test culture was the seeds of oat Avena sativa L. Phytotesting was carried out according to standard methods in eluate and contact versions. Four different levels (0.09, 0.9, 9 and 90 mgF/L) of NaF solution for eluate phytotesting and five levels (10, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mgF⸱kg−1 dry soil) for contact phytotesting were applied. The decrease in root length, plant height and biomass at the maximum pollution level (90 mgF/L and 2000 mgF⸱kg−1 dry soil, respectively) relative to the control was 35.5, 23.86 and 62.47%, respectively. Statistical data processing was conducted. In addition, using a portable mini-spectrometer for leaves CI-710S, indices characterizing changes in chlorophyll content in plants were determined: Chlorophyll Content Index, Green Chlorophyll Index, Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index, Leaf Chlorophyll Index, Soil–Plant Analysis Development. The decrease in CCI, CI Green, CI Red, LCI, and SPAD indices at the maximum pollution level (2000 mgF⸱kg−1 dry soil) relative to the control was 86.2, 42.0, 57.9, 32.8 and 70.4%, respectively. Correlation analysis using the Pearson coefficient made it possible to establish a significant relationship between individual morphometric and physiological indicators. It was found that high levels of soil fluoride contamination cause significant changes in the morphometric and physiological parameters of Avena sativa L. The results of the study may have implications for agriculture or environmental protection in areas exposed to fluoride.
The Association Between Delirium Upon Admission to a Rehabilitation Hospital and Motor Rehabilitation Outcomes Among Hip Fracture Surgery Patients: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Balzer Anna , Novak Anne Marie , Marom Pnina , Schwartz Oren , Brik Michael , Slutzki Katia , Heruti Rafi J. , Dankner Rachel
Published: December 2024

Background: Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by the acute and fluctuating impairment of cognition, attention, and consciousness, which is prevalent in older adults following surgical procedures. Despite the recognized impact of delirium on recovery, its specific effects on motor rehabilitation outcomes in the geriatric population remain underexplored. This historical cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence of delirium upon admission to a rehabilitation hospital and the motor functional gain at discharge among older patients following hip fracture surgery. Methods: The collected data included socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Motor rehabilitation outcomes were assessed using Motor Absolute Functional Gain (mAFG), the Montebello Rehabilitation Factor Score (mMRFS), and Rehabilitation Efficiency (mRE). Results: Of the 143 hip fracture patients admitted for rehabilitation, 38 (26.6%) were diagnosed with delirium. Patients with delirium had lower MMSE scores (18.1 ± 5.8 vs. 22.4 ± 6.0, p < 0.001), higher benzodiazepine prescription rates (50.0% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001), and longer lengths of stay in acute care and rehabilitation (42.7 ± 10.4 vs. 37.3 ± 11.2 days, p = 0.01). Despite significant improvements in the FIM scores for both groups (p < 0.001), patients with delirium had lower mAFG (11.87 ± 7.26 vs. 15.91 ± 8.73, p = 0.01), mMRFS (0.22 ± 0.14 vs. 0.31 ± 0.15, p = 0.001), and mRE (0.28 ± 0.17 vs. 0.44 ± 0.25, p < 0.001). However, the multivariate regression models showed no association between delirium and functional improvement after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: While both patients with and without delirium showed improvement in their motor functions by the time they were discharged from a rehabilitation hospital, patients with delirium showed lower absolute and relative improvements. Tailored programs addressing the special needs of patients with delirium after hip fracture surgery may enhance outcomes for this vulnerable population. A specialized, multidisciplinary approach tailored to the patient’s cognitive status and overall condition is key to maximizing the recovery of older hip fracture patients with delirium.
Variation in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Utilization and Radiation Exposure Associated with Prostatic Artery Embolization on Two Separate Angiography Systems
Authors: Sajan Abin , Griepp Daniel W. , Isaacson Ari J.
Published: December 2024

Background: We aimed to compare cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) utilization and radiation exposure during prostatic artery embolization (PAE) procedures on two different angiography systems. Methods: PAEs performed by a single interventionalist between January 2018 and October 2020 on two multivendor angiography systems (AS1 and AS2) at a single center were retrospectively evaluated. Imaging techniques included CBCT acquisition when possible, predominantly from the distal aorta in AS1 and from the bilateral internal iliac arteries in AS2 (Discovery IGS 740, GE HealthCare, Chicago, IL). Baseline demographics, CBCT utilization and radiation doses, and total procedure radiation metrics for each group were collected and compared. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were analyzed in this study, with fifty-three patients (n = 25 in AS1, 28 in AS2) included as embolized bilaterally using CBCT. CBCT was acquired in 31% of the cases in AS1 and in 85% of the cases in AS2. Mean prostate volume was similar in both groups (103.0 mL vs. 130.1 mL, p = 0.23). There was no difference in fluoroscopy time, while the number of DSA series and CBCTs per case did differ in AS1 and AS2 (37.3 min vs. 32.1 min, p = 0.13, 19.8 vs. 8.0, p ≤ 0.001, 1.3 vs. 2.1 p ≤ 0.001). The mean total air kerma, total kerma area product and air kerma per CBCT were higher in AS1 compared to AS2 (2020.4 mGy vs. 490.3 mGy, p ≤ 0.001, 259.3 Gy*cm2 vs. 72.7 Gy*cm2, p ≤ 0.001 and 217.8 mGy vs. 45.8 mGy, p ≤ 0.001 respectively). To prevent confounding from a mean difference in body mass index, the data were adjusted using log outcome means, which corroborated the raw data findings. Conclusions: The mean procedural total kerma area product from AS1 was similar to that reported in other PAE studies, but it was substantially lower in AS2. The angiography system used has a significant impact on the ability to leverage CBCT and on overall patient and thus staff radiation exposure.
The Impact of the Coexistence of Frailty Syndrome and Cognitive Impairment on Early and Midterm Complications in Older Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Wontor Radosław , Lisiak Magdalena , Łoboz-Rudnicka Maria , Ołpińska Bogusława , Wyderka Rafał , Dudek Krzysztof , Łoboz-Grudzień Krystyna , Jaroch Joanna
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The ageing population has heightened interest in the prognostic role of geriatric conditions, notably frailty syndrome (FS) and cognitive impairment (CI). Evidence indicates a significant link between cardiovascular disease, FS, and CI. However, limited research has explored the impact of impaired functional and cognitive performance on outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coexisting FS and CI (FSxCI) on early and 6-month complications in older adults with ACS. Methods: This study included 196 ACS patients (119 men) aged 65 and over (mean = 74.7 years), with 90.8% undergoing invasive treatment (PCI in 81.6%, CABG in 9.2%). FS and CI were assessed on the third hospital day using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Early (in-hospital) complications included major bleeding, ventricular arrhythmia (VT), conduction disturbances, cardiac arrest, stent thrombosis, acute heart failure (Killip–Kimball class III/IV), stroke, prolonged stay, and in-hospital death. Six-month follow-up recorded major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Results: Patients with FSxCI (n = 107, 54.6%) were older and had higher hypertension prevalence and lower nicotine dependence. FSxCI patients faced over twice the risk of prolonged hospital stays (OR 2.39; p = 0.01) and nearly three times the risk of early complications (OR 2.73; p < 0.001). At 6 months, FSxCI tripled the risk of MACCEs (OR 2.8; p = 0.007). Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed a worse 6-month prognosis for FSxCI patients. Conclusions: Elderly patients with ACS and concomitant FSxCI had significantly higher rates of early (in-hospital) and 6-month complications. FSxCI was associated with a worse 6-month prognosis. This highlights its significance for clinical decision-making, as identifying FSxCI in ACS patients can help prioritize high-risk individuals for tailored interventions, optimize resource allocation, and improve outcomes.
The Use of Psychotropic Medications Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associated Factors
Authors: Alsultan Mohammed M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of mental health disorders has been rising in Saudi Arabia, which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the usage patterns of various psychotropic drugs before and during the pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a single hospital in Saudi Arabia from 1 October 2018 to 31 March 2023. Electronic medical records were used to gather information on all adult patients who were prescribed at least one antidepressant, antipsychotic, or anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic medication. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In the 4846 participants in the study, the total frequently prescribed psychotropics during the pandemic were antidepressants (2119 prescriptions), then antipsychotics (1509 prescriptions), and anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics (780 prescriptions). The mean before and during the pandemic for olanzapine was (41.86 vs. 23.55) and risperidone was (39.00 vs. 22.18), indicating a significant difference for both medications (p = 0.0003). Psychotropic drug use during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher among the female patients (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.06–1.26]) and those aged 18–39 years (OR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.52–1.80]). Antidepressant and antipsychotic use were significantly lower than anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic use during the pandemic (OR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.65–0.84]; OR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.58–0.75], respectively). Conclusions: The prescription rate of anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics was higher than that of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Furthermore, women and individuals aged ≤40 years were at a higher risk of psychotropic medication use. To mitigate stress, anxiety, and depression in Saudi Arabia, policymakers should implement mental health screening initiatives.
Environmental Implications of Using Waste Glass as Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Lopez Robert , El-Fata Charbel
Published: December 2024

Approximately 10 billion tons of fine and coarse aggregate are manufactured worldwide annually, solely to be used as concrete for constructed structures. With approximately 80% of conventional concrete comprising sand and stone, activities in their extraction and relocation harm the natural environment. Manufacturing concrete causes substantial amounts of ecological damage and energy consumption. The replacement of natural aggregate with waste glass, therefore, theoretically removes this environmental damage and energy consumption. The research presented in this paper tested the theory that waste glass concrete aggregate represents a potential solution to curtail the adverse impact of concrete on the natural environment. Testing this theory entailed the review of the existing literature and analyses of the findings from a survey of 107 organizations situated in five countries within the concrete manufacturing supply chain. The findings of this research demonstrate that environmental implications exist with the use of both natural aggregate and glass waste. Significant CO2 reductions can be achieved by using glass as aggregate in concrete. This is found to be up to 60% and 65% for fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. In addition, using glass in its aggregate can potentially improve the strength of concrete. With a concrete grade of 20, an improved compressive strength test of up to 10 could be possible. Similarly, with concrete grades of 25 and 30, an improved tensile strength test of up to 9 could be possible. This depends on differences in the percentage of natural aggregate that has been substituted with glass.