bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Stres Penderita Diabetes Melitus Di Panti Werda Santu Yosef Surabaya
Authors: Wahyu Lestarina Ni Nyoman
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik dengan tanda terjadi hiperglikemia. Terdapat banyak kendala yang dapat muncul saat menjalani program penatalaksanaan DM dan hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan stress pada penderita. Kesulitan dan tingkat keterlibatan penderita dalam menjalani tatalaksanan dapat mengakibatkan tingginya ketidakpatuhan terapi pada pasien yang mengalami stres. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres penderita diabetes melitus di Panti Werda St. Yosef Surabaya. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang. Teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21. Analisa data menggunakan Analisis Statistik Deskripsi Proporsi Prosentase (ASDPP). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan sebagian besar (70%) lansia penderita Diabetes Melitus yang berada di Panti Werda St. Yosef berada pada kategori normal. Permasalahan stres pada penderita diabetes ini juga erat kaitannya dengan cara atau strategi pemecahan masalah (coping) yang dilakukan oleh penderita diabetes. Menurutnya, coping yang dilakukan oleh penderita diabetesmerupakan usaha pasif atau aktif yang dilakukannya dalam menghadapi situasi yang dirasa menyebabkan stres. Petugas panti werda St. Yosef sudah melakukan perawatan yang baik bagi penderita DM. Pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin dilakukan, pengontrolan obat dan diet serta pelaksanaan aktivitas bagi lansia juga telah dilakukan. Hal ini dapat membuat penderita DM dapat beradaptasi dengan keadaannya sehingga penderita DM tidak mengalami stres dalam menjalanipengobatannya.
Hubungan Bermain Game Online Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas 4 Di MI Darussalam Jambangan Surabaya
Authors: Halawa Aristina
Published: September 2020

Game online merupakan permainan modern yang sudah menjadi trend untuk masa sekarang dan semakin banyak peminatnya terutama pada anak-anak usia sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan bermain Game Online dengan hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Kelas 4 MI Darussalam Pagesangan Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas IV a dan b yang semuanya bermain game online berjumlah 33 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan bermain game online pada siswa kelas 4 di MI Darussalam Jambangan Surabaya sebagian besar adalah dalam tingkat sedang (3-4,5 jam). Pestasi belajar siswa kelas IV di MI Darussalam Jambangan Surabaya sebagian besar yaitu dengan prestasi belajar cukup sebanyak 16 (48,5%). Ada hubungan antara bermain game online dengan prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV di MI Darussalam Jambangan Surabaya. Kesimpulan penelitian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima karena cenderung anak yang mendapatkan prestasi belajar dalam kategori baik dan sangat baik bila intensitas bermain game online dalam tingkat rendah, sedangkan pada intensitas bermain game online di tingkat tinggi tidak ada anak yang mendapatkan prestasi belajar baik ataupun sangat baik.
Support System Keluarga Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia Surabaya
Authors: Widari Ni Putu , Serlinda Putri Maulana
Published: September 2020

Kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi perubahan kualitas hidup penderitanya baik kearah yang positif maupun negatif. Perubahan yang cenderung ke arah negatif dapat diminimalkan dengan adanya support system dari keluarga yang berupa dukungan instrumental, dukungan emosional, dukungan informasional, dan dukungan penilaian, dimana apabila penderita tidak mendapatkan support system dari keluarga akan berpengaruh pada kualitashidupnya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional, yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan support system keluarga dengan kualitas hidup pasien Kanker. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu support system keluarga dan variabel dependen yaitu kualitas hidup pasien Kanker. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu pasien Kanker di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia Surabaya berjumlah 20 responden, dengan sampel 19 responden yang dipilih melalui tekhnik probability sampling dengan pendekatan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner support system keluarga dan kulitas hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan support systemkeluarga baik sebanyak 13 orang (68,4%) dan kualitas hidup sedang sebanyak 10 orang (52,6%). Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik Nonparametric Correlations dengan Spearmandan diperoleh tingkat signifikan 0,231 (p>0,05), dengan demikian H0 diterima yang berarti tidak ada hubungan antara support system keluarga dengan kualitas hidup pasien kanker di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia Surabaya. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya motivasi dari dalam penderita kanker sendiri serta adanya dukungan dari sesama penderita kanker, dengan diberikannya support system yang baik diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup dari penderita kanker.
Analisis Pemberian Jus Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Tambak Deres RW 01 Kelurahan Kenjeran Surabaya
Authors: Astuti Eny
Published: September 2020

Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit yang bersifat kronis (menahun) yang terjadi akibat kekurangan insulin. Masih ada penderita DM yang sudah menjalankan program diet ternyata belum mampu mengendalikan glukosa darah dengan baik. Buah naga kaya akan antioksidan yang dapat membantu mencegah pembentukan radikal bebas karsinogenik serta berfungsi sebagai pengganti nasi, terutama untuk penderita diabetes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pemberian jus buah naga terhadap kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Tambak Deres Kenjeran Surabaya. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pra-experimental. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu orang yang mengalami diabetes mellitus sejumlah 19 responden, besar sampel sebanyak 18 responden, menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Variabel independent dalam penelitian ini yaitu jus buah naga dan variabel dependent adalah kadar gula darah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisoner dan lembar observasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan sebelum pemberian jus buah naga 11 orang (61%) mengalami kadar gula darah tinggi dengan rata-rata 242 mg/dl dan setelah pemberian jus buah naga pada responden yaitu sebanyak 9 orang (50%) mengalami kadar gula darah sedang dengan rata-rata 180 mg/dl. Hasil uji statistic Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya pengaruh jus buah naga terhadap kadar gula darah dengan tingkat signifikasi 0,042 (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka Jus buah naga mempengaruhi kadar gula darah karena pada jus buah naga terdapat antioksidan dan kaya serat sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah, hal inilah yang diharapkan agar responden dapat menggunakan terapi jus buah naga sebagai alternatif untuk mengontrol kadar gula darahnya.
ADAPTASI PENDERITA PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIS DALAM MENGHADAPI PROSES HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Kurniawaty Yuni , Lestarina Ni Nyoman Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Penyakit ginjal kronis atau chronic kidney disease (CKD) terus meningkat jumlahnya di Indonesia sebesar 0,2%. Prevalensi pada laki-laki (0,3%) lebih tinggi dari perempuan (0,2%). CKD stadium 5 memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal hemodialisis, dialisis peritoneal dan transplantasi ginjal. Penderita CKD mengalami perubahan fisik, perubahan psikologis, sosial dan ekonomi. Menurut Calista Roy manusia adalah sistem yang holistik dan adaptif dengan menggunakan mekanisme koping yang sudah diidentifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adaptasi dan respon penderita CKD. Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RS William Booth Surabaya. Penentuan subyek penelitian bersifat snowball. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita CKD yang menjalani Hemodialisa dan perawat hemodialisa sejumlah 14 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data primer (indepth interview) dan sekunder (rekam medis informan). Metode Penelitian Perbandingan Tetap (Constant Comparative Method). Proses analisis: reduksi, kategorisasi, sintesisasi dan diakhiri dengan menyusun hipotesis kerja. Hasil penelitian penderita CKD mampu beradaptasi dengan penyakitnya dan menjalani proses penatalaksanaan manajemen terapeutik khususnya hemodialisa. Sejauh ini masih terdapat ketidakpatuhan penatalaksanaan manajemen terapeutik khususnya diet makanan dan minuman oleh penderita CKD dalam batasan tertentu selama tubuh mereka mampu menerima asupan tersebut. Terdapat hambatan beradaptasi dengan penyakitnya diantaranya masalah finansial dan dukungan keluarga dirasa kurang oleh penderita CKD.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SISWA TENTANG PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Muniroh Siti
Published: September 2020

Anak-anak yang kuat, sehat dan cerdas merupakan penentu keberlangsungan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan hal tersebut adalah jumlah asupan gizi yang mampu memenuhi kecukupan gizi. Di Indonesia saat ini, anak-anak mengalami masalah gizi ganda yaitu kekurangan gizi dan kelebihan gizi. Sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, diantaranya adalah penyuluhan kesehatan agar tertanam pola hidup sehat sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan siswa tentang pangan jajanan anak sekolah. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasy Eksperiment dengan rancangan Pretest – Postest Control Group.  Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian adalah 95 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Tempat penelitian di MI Alhidayah Peterongan Jombang. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner.  Uji yang digunakan Wilcoxon dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa ρ=0,000 yang artinya ada pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan siswa tentang pangan jajanan anak sekolah. Penyuluhan kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan sehingga tercapai derajat kesehatan yang optimal.
SELF – EFFICACY REMAJA PECANDU NARKOBA DI RUMAH SEHAT ORBIT MARGOREJO INDAH UTARA SURABAYA
Authors: Halawa Aristina
Published: September 2020

Penyalahgunaan narkoba dikalangan remaja yang menimbulkan dampak terhadap psikologis remaja yang berakibat menurunnya self-efficacy atau rendahnya keyakinan terhadap kemampuan yang dimiliki. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Gambaran Self-Efficacy Pada Remaja Pecandu Narkoba Di Rumah Sehat Orbit Margorejo Indah Utara Surabaya. Desain penelitian yaitu menggunakan desain deskriptif, dengan jumlah populasi 12 responden, dan jumlah sampel 12 responden remaja pecandu narkoba. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan yaitu Total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dalam pengambilan data. Analisa data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Diharapkan self efficacy Remaja Pecandu Narkoba ini dapat menjadi gambaran agar menjadi perhatian bagi bagian yang terkait untuk terus memperhatikan remaja pecandu Narkoba sehingga mereka dapat ditingkatkan self efficacynya.
DETEKSI DINI DISFUNGSI EREKSI PADA DM MENGGUNAKAN IIEF-5
Authors: Tjahjono Hendro Djoko
Published: September 2020

Disfungsi Ereksi (DE) merupakan salahsatu bentuk gangguan seksual yang dapat dialami oleh pasien diabetes melitus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi secara dini adanya disfungsi ereksi menggunakan instrument International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5). Desain yang digunakan dengan pendekatan PICO (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) dan melalui penelusuran jurnal dari Proquest, Ebsco, Science Direct, didapatkan 16 responden. Hasil penerapan menunjukkan disfungsi ereksi ringan dialami 5 orang (31,25%), disfungsi ereksi ringan ke sedang 9 orang (56,25%) dan disfungsi ereksi sedang 2 orang (12,5%). Disfungsi ereksi memerlukan penanganan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus.
KOMPARASI KEPUASAN SEKSUAL ANTARA PEMAKAI AKDR DAN SUNTIK 3 BULAN
Authors: Astuti Eny
Published: September 2020

Banyaknya masyarakat yang mengeluh tentang efek samping dari  AKDR menyebabkan pasangan suami-istri (pasutri) bisa mengalami masalah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan seksualitasnya sehingga dapat menganggu kenyamanan dan aktifitas rutin yang biasa dilakukan. Dengan adanya efek yang dirasakan oleh pasangan suami-istri (pasutri), mereka lebih banyak memilih jenis kontrasepsi lain yang dianggap lebih aman dan tidak menimbulkan efek terhadap kepuasan seksual yaitu menggunakan KB suntik 3 bulan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini ialah mengetahui perbedaan antara pemakaian AKDR dan suntik 3 bulan terhadap kepuasan seksual di BPS Listiyani. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi komparatif, sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Suami Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) yang memakai AKDR di sebanyak 14 responden dan yang memakai suntik 3 bulan sebanyak 14 responden. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan metode pengisian kuisioner tertutup dan kemudian di analisis menggunakan uji Chi-square Test dengan perangkat lunak SPSS for windows 16. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan data didapatkan nilai X2 hitung > X2 tabel maka Ho ditolak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah ada perbedaan antara pemakaian AKDR dan Suntik 3 bulan terhadap kepuasan seksual di BPS Listyani. Sehingga penulis menyarankan untuk dapat memilih alat kontrasepsi yang sesuai dan nyaman bagi suami-istri.
SELF MANAGEMENT DIABETES PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN ULKUS DIABETIKUM DI PUSKESMAS JAGIR SURABAYA
Authors: Tjahjono Hendro Djoko
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Melitus (DM) saat ini masih menjadi masalah serius di negara-negara berkembang. Prevalensi yang cenderung meningkat dan penanganan yang tidak baik berdampak pada kejadian komplikasi. Salahsatu komplikasi yang dialami pasien DM adalah Ulkus Diabetikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui self management diabetes (SMD) pada pasien DM. Desain penelitian yang digunakan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Variabel penelitian yaitu self management diabetes (SMD) pada pasien DM. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien DM di Puskesmas Jagir Surabaya. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 18 responden melalui consecutive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner SMD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan SMD pasien DM yaitu katagori cukup sebanyak 10 orang (56%). Puskesmas dan tenaga kesehatan dapat menjadi sarana dan fasilitator bagi penderita DM dalam meningkatkan kemampuan SMD melalui edukasi, promosi kesehatan secara berkala dan kontinyu kepada pasien dan juga kepada keluarga sebagai support system pasien dalam dukungannya pada berbagai hal terkait penatalaksanaan DM.
Impact of Covid-19 on Interest Rates
Authors: Yi-Wei Lo
Published: September 2020

The global economy is experiencing a crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the stock market index has collapsed. The rupiah exchange rate against the USA dollar weakened this was due to the large number of foreign investors leaving the Indonesian financial market, the stock market plummeted. The banking sector can carry out an economic stimulus given restructuring authority for all credit or financing without requiring restrictions on the credit ceiling or type of debtor, especially debtors for MSMEs and informal workers. The economic stimulus that needs to be maximized is prundential monetary and macro policies through lowering interest rates and maintaining stability in the rupiah exchange rate. Budget relocation is also enforced to maintain the availability of basic foodstuffs for the community, which has increased due to panic buying or market panic. Also providing assistance to increase people's purchasing power.
DigiExplanation driven assignments for personalising learning in construction education
Authors: Kamardeen Imriyas , Samaratunga Marini
Published: September 2020

Personalising learning is critical for universities to achieving excellence in education.  It entails maintaining an education system that is responsive to the learning needs, aptitudes and interests of individual students.  Rather than imposing a ‘one-size fits all’ model, personalising learning is anticipated to ensure that every learner achieves his/her highest potential. Pedagogical literature suggests that learning-oriented assessments that are engaging, authentic and relevant are an effective mode for personalisation. DigiExplanations is a novel approach that requires students to create short digital media to communicate their ideas to ordinary audiences. It offers an opportunity for research-based authentic learning by harnessing digital media that exist outside of their institution and their digital competencies to create personally relevant and interesting resources. The aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of digiExplanations driven assessments for improving personalised learning in construction education. A case study strategy was adopted in the research. A first-year subject from the construction management degree was chosen as the case, which had a class of 159 students. A new assignment scheme was introduced for which students were required to develop digiExplanations in groups of five. The assessment criteria comprised: rationale for the study; depth and breadth of the discussions for the topic; appropriateness of media used in the discussions; creativity in the use of media (storyboarding); design of digiExplanation; quality of conclusion; and proper acknowledgement of materials used. After the submission deadline, an online survey was conducted with the students to assess how the new assessment approach facilitated personalised learning. Several findings emerged from the study. The digiExplanations based assignment provided similar learning experiences for students with different characteristics concerning their first language, domestic/international student status, work situation and digital competencies. Moreover, the study found that some considerations are more significant than others in designing assessments that can drive personalised learning, which are: personally relevant/interesting, engagement, harnessing internet resources and progressive feedback. The survey findings further suggest that while the new pedagogical approach achieved its intended aim, few students perceived it a cumbersome method as it required more efforts than traditional assignments.
A review of university-enterprise-cooperation research in China: a quantitative perspective
Authors: Zhang Shang , Duan Hongxia , Wei Tingting , Shane Galvin
Published: September 2020

The University-Enterprise-Cooperation (UEC) has been adopted by many universities globally to effectively utilize the high-quality resources of the construction industry, to improve the general competence, problem-solving skills and innovation capability of graduates of an engineering discipline. There are a limited amount of papers published in international journals on UEC, compared to a significant volume of Chinese published literature. However, based on the best knowledge of the authors, no existing literature has conducted a quantitative statistical analysis on UEC research in Chinese and international journals. In order to fill this knowledge gap, 300 high-quality papers on UEC were derived through the Chinese CNKI database from 2010-2019. The general development trend of UEC research in the past 30 years was also mapped and analyzed. The most popular topics under the UEC theme and the most frequently adopted research methods within the UEC field were also identified. It was found that since the first UEC publication in 1990, the number of UEC publications experienced a steady increase during the last decade, aiding by strong promotion from the government and active practice within universities and from educators in China. Course development (52.94%) and practice resource development (24.89%) were two of the most popular research topics in the UEC field. The elaboration research method was adopted by more than half (55.94%) of UEC papers, followed by case study (21.25%). The findings of this study are valuable for researchers and practitioners globally, to better understand the development status of UEC research in China and embark on future research in this field.
Identification of atmospheric and oceanic teleconnection patterns in a 20-year global data set of the atmospheric water vapor column measured from satellites in the red spectral range
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Beirle Steffen , Dörner Steffen , Borger Christian , Van Malderen Roeland
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We used a global long-term (1995–2015) data set of total column water vapor (TCVW) derived from satellite observations to quantify the influence of teleconnections. To our knowledge, such a comprehensive global TCWV data set was rarely used for teleconnection studies. One important property of the TCWV data set is that it is purely based on observational data. We developed a new empirical method to decide whether a teleconnection index is significantly detected in the global data set. Based on this method more than 40 teleconnection indices were significantly detected in the global TCWV data set derived from satellite observations. In addition to the satellite data we also investigated the influence of teleconnection indices on other global data sets derived from ECMWF reanalysis (ERA). One important finding is that the results obtained for the ERA TCWV data are very similar to the observational TCWV data set indicating a high consistency between the satellite and ERA data. Moreover, similar results are also found for two selections of ERA data (either all data or mainly clear sky data). This finding indicates that the clear-sky bias of the satellite data set is negligible for the results of this study. For most traditional teleconnection data sets (surface temperature, surface pressure, geopotential heights and meridional winds at different altitudes) a smaller number of significant teleconnection indices was found than for the TCWV data sets, while for zonal winds at different altitudes, the number of significant teleconnection indices (up to > 50) was higher. In all global data sets, no other indices (solar variability, stratospheric AOD or hurricane frequency) were significantly detected. Since many teleconnection indices are strongly correlated, we also applied our method to a set of orthogonalised indices. The number of significantly detected orthogonalised indices (20) was found to be much smaller than for the original indices (42). Based on the orthogonalised indices we derived the global distribution of the cumulative influence of teleconnection indices. The strongest influence on the TCWV is found in the tropics and high latitudes.
Size-Resolved Atmospheric Ice Nucleating Particles during East Asian Dust Events
Authors: Chen Jingchuan , Wu Zhijun , Chen Jie , Reicher Naama , Fang Xin , Rudich Yinon , Hu Min
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Asian dust is an important source of atmospheric ice nucleating particles (INPs). However, the freezing activity of airborne Asian dust, especially its sensitivity to particle size, is poorly understood. In this study we report the first INP measurement of size-resolved airborne mineral dust collected during East Asian dust events. The measured total INP concentrations in the immersion mode ranged from 10−2 to 102 L−1 in dust events at temperatures between −25 and −5 °C. The average contributions of heat-sensitive INPs at three temperatures, −10, −15, and −20 °C, were 81 ± 12 %, 70 ± 15 %, and 38 ± 21 %, respectively, suggesting that proteinaceous biological materials have a substantial effect on the ice nucleation properties of Asian atmospheric mineral dust at warm temperatures. The dust particles which originated from China's northwest deserts are more efficient INPs compared to those from northern regions. There was no significant difference in the ice nucleation properties between East Asian dust particles and other regions in the world. An explicit size dependence of both INP concentration and surface ice active density was observed. The nucleation efficiency of dust particles increased with increasing particle size, while the INP concentration first increased rapidly and then levelled, due to the significant decrease in the number concentration of larger particles. A new set of parameterizations for INP activity based on size-resolved nucleation properties of Asian mineral dust particles were developed over an extended temperature range (−35 ~ −6 °C). These size-dependent parameterizations require only particle size distributions as input, and can be easily applied in models.
Global trends and European emissions of tetrafluoromethane (CF4),
hexafluoroethane (C2F6) and octafluoropropane (C3F8)
Authors: Say Daniel , Manning Alistair J. , Western Luke M. , Young Dickon , Wisher Adam , Rigby Matthew , Reimann Stefan , Vollmer Martin K. , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor , Krummel Paul B. , Mühle Jens , Harth Christina M. , Evans Brendan , Weiss Ray F. , Prinn Ronald G. , O'Doherty Simon
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are amongst the most potent greenhouse gases listed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). With atmospheric lifetimes in the order of thousands to tens of thousands of years, PFC emissions represent a permanent alteration to the global atmosphere on human timescales. While the industries responsible for the vast majority of these emissions – aluminium smelting and semi-conductor manufacturing – have made efficiency improvements and introduced abatement measures, the global mean mole fractions of three PFCs, namely tetrafluoromethane (CF4, PFC-14), hexafluoroethane (C2F6, PFC-116) and octafluoropropane (C3F8, PFC-218), continue to grow. In this study, we update baseline growth rates using in-situ high-frequency measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and, using data from four European stations, estimate PFC emissions for northwest Europe. The global growth rate of CF4 decreased from 1.3 ppt yr−1 in 1979 to 0.6 ppt yr−1 around 2010 followed by a renewed steady increase to 0.9 ppt yr−1 in 2018. For C2F6, the growth rate grew to a maximum of 0.125 ppt yr−1 around 1999, followed by a decline to a minimum of 0.075 ppt yr−1 in 2009, followed by weak growth thereafter. The C3F8 growth rate was around 0.007 ppt yr−1 until the early 1990s and then quickly grew to a maximum of 0.03 ppt yr−1 in 2003/04. Following a period of decline until 2012 to 0.015 ppt yr−1, the growth rate slowly increased again to ~ 0.017 ppt yr−1 in 2019. Unlike CF4 (and to a lesser extent C2F6), we observed no clear minimum associated with the 2008 financial crisis for C3F8. We used an inverse modelling framework to infer PFC emissions for northwest Europe. No statistically significant trend in regional emissions was observed for any of the PFCs assessed. For CF4, European emissions in early years were linked predominantly to the aluminium industry. However, we link large emissions in recent years to a chemical manufacturer in northwest Italy. Emissions of C2F6 are linked to a range of sources, including a semi-conductor manufacturer in Ireland and a cluster of smelters in Germany's Ruhr valley. In contrast, northwest European emissions of C3F8 are dominated by a single source in northwest England, raising the possibility of using emissions from this site for a tracer release experiment.
DSCOVR/EPIC-derived global hourly and daily downward shortwave and photosynthetically active radiation data at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution
Authors: Hao Dalei , Asrar Ghassem R. , Zeng Yelu , Zhu Qing , Wen Jianguang , Xiao Qing , Chen Min
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Downward shortwave radiation (SW) and photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR) play crucial roles in Earth system dynamics.
Spaceborne remote sensing techniques provide a unique means for mapping
accurate spatiotemporally continuous SW–PAR, globally. However, any
individual polar-orbiting or geostationary satellite cannot satisfy the
desired high temporal resolution (sub-daily) and global coverage
simultaneously, while integrating and fusing multisource data from
complementary satellites/sensors is challenging because of co-registration,
intercalibration, near real-time data delivery and the effects of
discrepancies in orbital geometry. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera
(EPIC) on board the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), launched in
February 2015, offers an unprecedented possibility to bridge the gap between
high temporal resolution and global coverage and characterize the diurnal
cycles of SW–PAR globally. In this study, we adopted a suite of
well-validated data-driven machine-learning models to generate the first
global land products of SW–PAR, from June 2015 to June 2019, based on
DSCOVR/EPIC data. The derived products have high temporal resolution
(hourly) and medium spatial resolution (0.1∘×0.1∘), and they include estimates of the direct and diffuse components
of SW–PAR. We used independently widely distributed ground station data from
the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), the Surface Radiation Budget
Network (SURFRAD), NOAA's Global Monitoring Division and the U.S. Department
of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program to evaluate the
performance of our products, and we further analyzed and compared the
spatiotemporal characteristics of the derived products with the
benchmarking Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Synoptic (CERES)
data. We found both the hourly and daily products to be consistent with
ground-based observations (e.g., hourly and daily total SWs have low biases
of −3.96 and −0.71 W m−2 and root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 103.50
and 35.40 W m−2, respectively). The developed products capture the
complex spatiotemporal patterns well and accurately track substantial
diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variations in SW–PAR when compared to CERES
data. They provide a reliable and valuable alternative for solar
photovoltaic applications worldwide and can be used to improve our
understanding of the diurnal and seasonal variabilities of the terrestrial
water, carbon and energy fluxes at various spatial scales. The products are
freely available at https://doi.org/10.25584/1595069
(Hao et al., 2020).
Beyond 2D inventories : synoptic 3D landslide volume calculation from repeat LiDAR data
Authors: Bernard Thomas G. , Lague Dimitri , Steer Philippe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Efficient and robust landslide mapping and volume estimation is essential to rapidly infer landslide spatial distribution, to quantify the role of triggering events on landscape changes and to assess direct and secondary landslide-related geomorphic hazards. Many efforts have been made during the last decades to develop landslide areal mapping methods, based on 2D satellite or aerial images, and to constrain empirical volume-area (V-A) allowing in turn to offer indirect estimates of landslide volume. Despite these efforts, some major issues remain including the uncertainty of the V-A scaling, landslide amalgamation and the under-detection of reactivated landslides. To address these issues, we propose a new semi-automatic 3D point cloud differencing method to detect geomorphic changes, obtain robust landslide inventories and directly measure the volume and geometric properties of landslides. This method is based on the M3C2 algorithm and was applied to a multi-temporal airborne LiDAR dataset of the Kaikoura region, New Zealand, following the Mw 7.8 earthquake of 14 November 2016. We demonstrate that 3D point cloud differencing offers a greater sensitivity to detect small changes than a classical difference of DEMs (digital elevation models). In a small 5 km2 area, prone to landslide reactivation and amalgamation, where a previous study identified 27 landslides, our method is able to detect 1431 landslide sources and 853 deposits with a total volume of 908,055 ± 215,640 m3 and 1,008,626 ± 172,745 m3, respectively. This high number of landslides is set by the ability of our method to detect subtle changes and therefore small landslides with a carefully constrained lower limit of 20 m2 (90 % with A
Discharge of groundwater flow to the Potter Cove on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Falk Ulrike , Silva-Busso Adrián
Published: September 2020

Abstract. There is only a small number of recent publications discuss glacial runoff in Antarctica and even fewer of them deal with the groundwater flow discharge. This paper focuses on the groundwater flow aspects and is based on a detailed study performed on a small hydrological catchment, informally called Potter Basin, located on King George Island (KGI; Isla 25 de Mayo), South Shetland Islands, at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. This region has experienced drastic climatological changes within the past five decades. The basin is representative for the rugged coastline of the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, and is discussed as a case study for possible future evolution of similar basins further to the South. A conceptual hydrogeological model has been defined using vertical electrical soundings (VES), geological and hydrogeological surveying methods, geomorphological interpretation based on satellite imagery, permeability tests, piezometric level measurements, meteorological, geocryological and glaciological data sets. The transmissivities of the fluvial talik aquifer and suprapermafrost aquifer range from 162.0 to 2719.9 · 10−5 m2 s−1, and in basaltic fissurated aquifers from 3.47 to 5.79 · 10−5 m2 s−1. The transmissivities found in the active layer of hummocky moraines amount to 75.23 · 10−5 m2 s−1, in sea deposits to 163.0 · 10−5 m2 s−1, and in the fluvioglacial deposits they were observed between 902.8 and 2662.0 · 10−5 m2 d−1. Finally, the groundwater flow discharge was assessed to 0.47 m3 s−1 (only during January and February), and the total groundwater storage was estimated to 560 000 m3. This data can be used to adjust the local glacial mass balance and to improve the understanding of coastal sea water processes in Potter Cove and their effects on the local marine biota, as a consequence of the global climate change.
Do saki monkeys possess a grooming claw?
Authors: Ohlendorf Constanze , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The presence of a grooming claw on the second toe is a
characteristic of Strepsirrhini and tarsiers. There is also some evidence
for the presence of a grooming claw in Platyrrhini. Here we report
qualitative findings from different species of saki monkeys, genus
Pithecia, on the presence of modified nails on the second toe. These observations
suggest that a grooming claw or a grooming claw-like nail occurs in
different Pithecia species, but that it does not consistently occur in all
individuals.
Snow Ensemble Uncertainty Project (SEUP): Quantification of snow
water equivalent uncertainty across North America via ensemble land
surface modeling
Authors: Kim Rhae Sung , Kumar Sujay , Vuyovich Carrie , Houser Paul , Lundquist Jessica , Mudryk Lawrence , Durand Michael , Barros Ana , Kim Edward J. , Forman Barton A. , Gutmann Ethan D. , Wrzesien Melissa L. , Garnaud Camille , Sandells Melody , Marshall Hans-Peter , Cristea Nicoleta , Pflug Justin M. , Johnston Jeremy , Cao Yueqian , Mocko David , Wang Shugong
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The Snow Ensemble Uncertainty Project (SEUP) is an effort to establish a baseline characterization of snow water equivalent (SWE) uncertainty across North America with the goal of informing global snow observational needs. An ensemble-based modeling approach, encompassing a suite of current operational models, is used to assess the uncertainty in SWE and total snow storage (SWS) estimation over North America during the 2009&ndashl2017 period. The highest modeled SWE uncertainty is observed in mountainous regions, likely due to the relatively deep snow, forcing uncertainties, and variability between the different models in resolving the snow processes over complex terrain. This highlights a need for high-resolution observations in mountains to capture the high spatial SWE variability. The greatest SWS is found in Tundra regions where even though the spatiotemporal variability in modeled SWE is low, there is considerable uncertainty in the SWS estimates due to the large areal extent over which those estimates are spread. This highlights the need for high accuracy in snow estimations across the Tundra. In mid-latitude boreal forests, large uncertainties in both SWE and SWS indicate that vegetation-snow impacts are a critical area where focused improvements to modeled snow estimation efforts need to be made. Finally, the SEUP results indicate that SWE uncertainty is driving runoff uncertainty and measurements may be beneficial in reducing uncertainty in SWE and runoff, during the melt season at high latitudes (e.g., Tundra and Taiga regions) and in the Western mountain regions, whereas observations at (or near) peak SWE accumulation are more helpful over the mid-latitudes.
Lagrangian detection of precipitation moisture sources for an arid region in northeast Greenland: relations to the North Atlantic Oscillation, sea ice cover and temporal trends from 1979 to 2017
Authors: Schuster Lilian , Maussion Fabien , Langhamer Lukas , Moseley Gina E.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Temperature in northeast Greenland is expected to rise at a faster rate than the global average as consequence of anthropogenic climate change. Associated with this temperature rise, precipitation is also expected to increase as a result of increased evaporation from a warmer and ice-free Arctic Ocean. In recent years, numerous palaeoclimate projects have begun working in the region with the aim of improving our understanding of how this highly-sensitive region responds to a warmer world. However, a lack of meteorological stations within the area makes it difficult to place the palaeoclimate records in the context of present-day climate. This study aims to improve our understanding of precipitation and moisture source dynamics over a small arid region located at 80° N in northeast Greenland. The origin of water vapour for precipitation over the study region is detected by a Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic, which is applied to reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim) from 1979 to 2017. While precipitation amounts are relatively constant during the year, the regional moisture sources display a strong seasonality. The most dominant winter moisture sources are the North Atlantic above 45° N and the ice-free Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean, while in summer the patterns shift towards local and north Eurasian continental sources. During the positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), evaporation and moisture transport from the Norwegian Sea is stronger, resulting in larger and more variable precipitation amounts. Testing the hypothesis that retreating sea ice will lead to increase in moisture supply remains challenging based on our data. However, we found that moisture sources are increasing in case of retreating sea ice for some regions, in particular in October to December. Although the annual mean surface temperature in the study region has increased by 0.7 °C dec-1 (95 % confidence interval [0.4, 1.0] °C dec-1) according to ERA-Interim data, we do not detect any change in the amount of precipitation with the exception of autumn where precipitation increases by 8.2 [0.8, 15.5] mm dec-1 over the period. This increase is consistent with future predicted Arctic precipitation change. Moisture source trends for other months and regions were non-existent or small.
Gamificación como metodología activa para el aprendizaje de la entomología forense
Authors: Núñez Rodr´´íguez José
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La gamificación como estrategia de aprendizaje en contextos educativos, consiste en aprovechar los elementos propios de los juegos para lograr un aprendizaje significativo. Métodos: Se presentó una estrategia didáctica para la identificación taxonómica de dípteros de importancia forense dirigida a estudiantes de bachillerato y egresados, a través del uso de la plataforma Edmodo por medio de las actividades: sopa de letras, pareamiento para el aprendizaje del vocabulario y características morfológicas de dípteros, por lo tanto, para valorar el desempeño se crearon insignias clasificándose en tres niveles principiante, intermedio o experto. Por otro lado, se realizó una actividad práctica presencial para la colecta e identificación de los dípteros presentes en vísceras de res, culminando con la aplicación de un cuestionario a los 27 participantes. Resultados: El 74.1% de los estudiantes fueron clasificados como expertos al cumplir con todas las actividades propuestas en la plataforma, mientras que el 91.9% de los estudiantes acertó con la identificación taxonómica de los dípteros adultos e inmaduros asignados durante la actividad práctica, esta sirvió para consolidar el aprendizaje adquirido durante la gamificación. Conclusión: Esta estrategia influyó positivamente sobre el aprendizaje memorístico de las características morfológicas de los dípteros de importancia forense, sin embargo, se requiere mayor tiempo de actividades prácticas para el aprendizaje de la clasificación de insectos, debido a la diversidad de especies presentes en un cuerpo humano sin vida.
Escenarios estadísticos del COVID-19 en Honduras: análisis desde la inteligencia de negocios y la transparencia de datos
Authors: Farach Efraín , Romero Aldo
Published: September 2020

Introducción. Los datos oficiales sobre el COVID-19 en Honduras son publicados a diario por el gobierno vía Sistema Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos (SINAGER). Método: Se dio tratamiento manual de los datos, subsanando frecuentes inconsistencias acudiendo a fuentes primarias (sistema de salud y municipalidades). Se usó herramientas de Inteligencia de Negocios para el modelamiento y visualización de datos con Power BI Desktop. Resultados: Al 28 de agosto de 2020 había 58,810 casos confirmados por RT-PCR, con edad promedio de 39.8 años (rango 21-40 años) y 53% hombres. El 28.6% del total fueron reportados en agosto, pero extemporáneos por retraso por limitaciones laboratoriales. Hubo 1,827 muertes por COVID-19, con edad promedio de 62.4 años, 65% hombres, 48% entre 51 a 70 años de edad. El 33.1% de los casos y 36.2% de las defunciones eran de Cortés, seguido por Francisco Morazán y aumentando progresivamente en otros departamentos. Discusión: Sólo 1.5% de la población se ha realizado RT-PCR. Al 28 de agosto se redujo en 24.4% el número de casos, asociado a una reducción de realización de pruebas de 29.2% respecto a meses previos. La tasa de positividad en agosto (45.5%) es la más alta en Centroamérica. Conclusión: A pesar del limitado acceso a RT-PCR, los datos oficiales sobre COVID-19 en Honduras muestran una curva ascendente en agosto, expandiéndose al interior del país. Se propone dar más acceso a datos abiertos de mayor calidad e innovar agregando inteligencia de negocios para luchar contra esta pandemia.
Un Tsunami en el Caribe Hondureño en 1856 según registros de la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia
Authors: Zúñiga Leonel E.
Published: September 2020

La Biblioteca Nacional de Francia (BnF) es una de las más importantes bibliotecas del mundo. Contiene libros con valiosa información científica sobre Honduras, especialmente del siglo XIX. Por ejemplo, el libro Tremblements de Terre et éruptions volcaniques au Centre Amérique, hace un recuento de los terremotos y erupciones volcánicas de Centroamérica desde la conquista hasta el siglo XIX (De Ballore, 1888). Sobresale el relato del tsunami ocurrido en la costa del Caribe hondureño en agosto de 1856, descrito por varios autores y documentado en el libro Les Tremblements De Terre por Boscowitz (1885). Relato e imagen acceso libre en gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France
Malnutrición en Honduras durante la COVID-19: el ambiente obesogénico y el hambre oculta
Authors: Lara-Árevalo Jonathan , Escobar-Burgos Lucía
Published: September 2020

A pesar que el confinamiento es una medida eficaz utilizada para evitar la propagación del virus SARS-CoV-2, no hay duda que ha generado un nefasto impacto económico. Como resultado se tiene un incremento a nivel mundial de hambruna, desnutrición e inseguridad alimentaria, especialmente en países de medianos y bajos ingresos. Sin embargo, el riesgo que la pandemia de la COVID-19 aumente las tasas de obesidad y carencia de micronutrientes también es alto y es un tema del cual no se está hablando públicamente.
A nivel mundial, una de cada tres personas sufre de sobrepeso u obesidad, incluyendo niños y adolescentes (Global Nutrition Report, 2020). Honduras no está exento a esta problemática, ya que el 51.3% de las mujeres en edad fértil padece de esta condición, afectándolas independientemente de su estrato económico (ver Cuadro 1). Por otra parte, en Honduras el 15% de las mujeres en edad fértil mostraron tener anemia por deficiencia de hierro, siendo la prevalencia incluso más alta en las mujeres con mayores ingresos económicos (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Demografía 2011-2012, 2013). Una persona que tiene su peso dentro de los rangos normales e incluso, que tiene obesidad, puede al mismo tiempo estar malnutrida. Esto ocurre al consumir crónicamente una dieta monótona, alta en carbohidratos y grasas, pero baja en proteína y micronutrientes, causando carencia de micronutrientes o “hambre oculta”.
La innovación y la tecnología para un verdadero cambio
Authors: Delgado Elvir Rafael
Published: September 2020

Los analistas de diferentes áreas del conocimiento aseguran que después de superada la pandemia del COVID-19, el mundo será muy diferente. Según sus diagnósticos, entraremos a una nueva realidad donde la vida, la producción y el consumo estarán marcados por las restricciones que ahora tenemos y que habrán de mantenerse superada la crisis. Esto obligará a cambios sustanciales, que, entre otras cosas, implicarán amplios espacios de desarrollo para la virtualidad y la innovación tecnológica.
En efecto, resulta razonable pensar que las cosas no podrán seguir siendo iguales frente a una epidemia que ha obligado a todos los países a imponer medidas drásticas a sus habitantes y a sus economías; frente a una crisis que ha descubierto la fragilidad de nuestros sistemas y que nos ha abierto los ojos frente a la posibilidad de repetirse en la misma forma o en versiones y manifestaciones diferentes.
Relationships Between Source Capacity, Value to Use, Value for Money and Loyalty of Visitors for Tourism Destination in Vietnam
Authors: Phan Nhan Trong , Ho Vi Truc , Le-Hoang Phuong Viet
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify and adjust the competitiveness scale to suit Vietnam's tourism. Accordingly, with inheriting The Competitive Advantage Model of Porter (1990), the authors focus on determining relationships among source capacity, value to use, value for money, and loyalty of visitors for tourism destination. With inheritance resources, created resources, and support resources are elements of source capacity, thereby creating a competitive advantage under two angles: value to use and value for money. It is this competitive advantage that attracts and retains tourists, creating customer loyalty for Vietnam destinations. By the method of expert interviews, the author has adjusted the factors and observed the variables to suit the case study in the tourism industry with the research area in Vietnam. In particular, the results show that the observed variables for source capacity are inherited entirely as well as the loyalty scale. Meanwhile, the scale of value to use and value for money is supplemented with two items according to expert opinion, including many unique experiences, suitable for financial condition.