bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the mechanism of rock fracture with tools made of hard alloys and polycrystalline superhard materials
Authors:   Scientific and Technical Center ", Krasnyk Vyacheslav ,   Coalinnovation",   of the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

When studying the process of rock fracture with tools equipped with polycrystalline superhard materials (PSHM) and hard alloys, the main regularities of the fracture mechanism, despite the significant differences in physical and mechanical properties of the used tool materials, are assumed to be identical. This approach not only reduces the efficiency of using the created rock-destroying tools, but also limits the scope of application of polycrystalline superhard materials. Experimental studies using various methods of obtaining information shown significant differences in the mechanism of rock fracture by hard alloys and polycrystalline superhard materials. The study of the zone of the pre-destroyed surface showed that when cutting rocks with PSTM, the process of destruction is carried out not only by the entire polycrystalline plate, but also by ridged diamond formed on the cutting edge and rear surface of the tool. At the same time ridged diamonds, when embedded in the rock, create high contact stresses and an additional network of microcracks interacting with microcracks formed due to the embedding of the entire cutting edge of the plate. The impact of two independent indenters simultaneously increases the zone of the pre-destruction layer in the rock mass, which leads to a more significant decrease in its strength and, as a consequence, to the intensification of the process of rock destruction by the PSTM tool. In case of wrong choice of PSTM application area and operation modes, errors in tool design and insufficient cooling, ridges are not formed on the cutting edge and back surface of the polycrystal. As a result, the polycrystalline insert works as a carbide insert and the efficiency of the PSHM tool is sharply reduced. The use of knowledge obtained as a result of the conducted research makes it possible to create tools equipped with diamond-hard-alloyed inserts, the wear resistance of which is dozens of times higher than that of similar tools made of hard alloy. For example, effective tools equipped with diamond-hard-alloyed inserts have been created and widely introduced into practice for rotary drilling of boreholes, degassing wells, anchoring of mine workings, saw stone cutting, drilling of abrasive permafrost soils and others. Keywords: polycrystalline diamonds cutters (PDC), hard alloys, pre-destruction zone, rock breaking tools, rock destruction.
Research of strength and features of deformations of rocks in uranium deposits
Authors:   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Skipochka Serhii , Krukovskyi Oleksandr ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Serhiienko Viktor ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bulich Yurii ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

The subject of the research was physical and mechanical properties of rocks from uranium deposits in Ukraine. The purpose of the work was to study the strength characteristics and features of deformation of rocks of uranium deposits beyond their strength limit to ensure the stability of mine workings at great depths. Research methods were experimental with using stationary laboratory equipment and special recording equipment. The studies were carried out within and beyond the strength limits. The rock specimens were made of material taken from a uranium mine. The complex of the studies included determination of general physical properties of rocks (density, specific gravity, porosity, humidity and adhesion coefficient); basic strength parameters (compressive and tensile resistance depending on humidity and layering, angle of internal friction, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, modulus of decrease and residual strength) and deformation characteristics. Calculations of the scale strength factor were made. The results were analyzed. It is shown that the rocks of uranium deposits in Ukraine are considered strong and very strong, according to the Protodyakonov scale. However, structural and textural features lead to the occurrence of a scale effect of strength of rocks. The complex structure of uranium deposits, the steep angle of dip of the rocks, their lamination, as well as the significant size of the mine workings further reduce the strength of the massif. It is also shown that when calculating stability of mine workings and choosing parameters for their support, the strength of rocks in the massif should be reduced by half from the value obtained by standard laboratory tests. The characteristics of rock samples within and beyond their strength limit indicate that they have almost no plastic properties. The ratio of the modulus of decrease to the static elastic modulus for all studied types of rocks of uranium deposits is greater than one. This indicates the tendency of rocks to accumulate potential energy and cause brittle failure of the massif beyond its compressive strength. That is, at great depths, the main problems in mine workings associated with rock deformation processes will manifest themselves in the form of rock bumps, collapses or other dynamic phenomena. This does not exclude the possibility of deformation or destruction of rock support due to static loads. Keywords: uranium deposit, rock, laboratory research, extreme stress, physical properties, strength, elasticity, scale factor.
It is time to pay tribute to women in science: the women who won the Nobel prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine
Authors:   Institute for Social and Political Psychology, National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Danylova T. V. ,   The Graduate School for Social Research, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;, Komisarenko S. V. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: June 2024

In the 21st century, it is time to recognize the essential role of women in science. The study carried out by women-scientists makes it possible to combine brightness of mind, deep knowledge with humaneness and wisdom. Their approaches to the problems and the ways to solve them are largely determined by their maps of meaning and existential experience that can enrich and expand the scientific field and, as a result, can offer unexpected but most effective ways to solve the problem. However, women face obstacles in advancing their careers in science, and the situation is even more discouraging when it comes to winning science awards, the most prestigious of which is the Nobel Prize. Between 1901 and 2023, the Nobel Prizes were awarded 621 times to 965 individuals and 27 organizations, but only 64 of them were women-scientists. While we recognize and praise all women – Nobel laureates, this paper pays special attention to women who have received Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine and briefly outlines their scientific achievements. A more detailed description of their life and scientific journey will be provided in subsequent articles. Keywords: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and in Physiology or Medicine, women – Nobel Prize winners, women-scientists
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Low-Value Testing and Treatment of Bronchiolitis
Authors: Labudde Emily J. , Walsh Patrick S. , Lipshaw Matthew J. , Kerrey Benjamin T.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Viral testing and treatments such as systemic steroids and inhaled corticosteroids are low-value care for routine bronchiolitis. We sought to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low-value care in young children with bronchiolitis.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. We included children <2 years seen in a pediatric emergency department for bronchiolitis. We selected a priori 3 study periods: September 2018 to February 2020 (prepandemic), March 2020 to August 2022 (early pandemic), and September 2022 to January 2023 (late pandemic). Low-value care included respiratory syncytial virus testing, chest radiography, albuterol, or corticosteroids and was compared across the 3 time periods.

RESULTS

At least 1 element of low-value care was provided in 45%, 47%, and 44% of encounters in the prepandemic, early pandemic, and late pandemic periods, respectively. There was little variation in the use of albuterol and chest radiography across time periods and a slight increase in systemic corticosteroid use from prepandemic to early and late pandemic groups. Viral testing increased from 36% prepandemic to 65% early pandemic and 67% late pandemic, which appeared to be driven by SARS-CoV-2 testing and combination viral testing.

CONCLUSIONS

There was no clinically significant change in low-value care for bronchiolitis during the pandemic. Because of SARS-CoV-2 testing, however, overall frequency of viral testing increased dramatically over time. This marked increase in overall viral testing should be taken into consideration for future quality improvement efforts.
Potentially Better Practices for Follow Through in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Edwards Erika M. , Ehret Danielle E. Y. , Horbar Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE

To ascertain how NICU teams are undertaking action to follow through, involving teams, families, and communities as partners to address health-related social needs of infants and families.

METHODS

Nineteen potentially better practices (PBPs) for follow through first published in 2020 were reported and analyzed as a sum, overall, and by safety-net hospital status, hospital ownership, and NICU type, among US NICUs that finalized Vermont Oxford Network data collection in 2023.

RESULTS

One hundred percent of 758 eligible hospitals completed the annual membership survey, of which 57.5% reported screening for social risks. Almost all NICUs offered social work, lactation support, and translation services, but only 16% included a lawyer or paralegal on the team. Overall, 90.2% helped families offset financial costs while their infants were in the hospital, either with direct services or vouchers. At discharge, 94.0% of NICUs connected families with appropriate community organizations and services, 52.9% provided telemedicine after discharge, and 11.7% conducted home visits. The median number of PBPs at each hospital was 10 (25th percentile: 8, 75th percentile: 12). The number of PBPs reported differed by hospital control or ownership and level of NICU care. There were no differences by safety-net hospital status.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite concerns about time and resources, a diverse set of US NICUs reported adopting potentially better practices for follow through. However, the marked variation among NICUs and the lower rates at for-profit and lower-level NICUs suggest there is substantial opportunity for improvement.
Influencia de hongos micorrícicos en el crecimiento y la adsorción de cadmio en girasol (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Cartaya-Rubio Omar Enrique , Mujica-Perez Yonaisy , Blanco-Valdes Yaisys
Published: June 2024

Introducción. Los metales pesados pueden acumularse en el suelo y afectan el crecimiento de las plantas. La simbiosis que se establece entre plantas y hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) mejoran la tolerancia de las plantas a la toxicidad por metales pesados, considerándose una alternativa para el manejo de plantas cultivadas en suelos afectados por metales pesados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de diferentes hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en la absorción de cadmio y en el crecimiento vegetativo del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.). Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó en los años 2021- 2023, en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba. Se inocularon las semillas de girasol con las cepas INCAM-4 (Glomus cubense) y INCAM-11 (Rhizoglomus intraradices), a razón de 45 esporas/g, en un suelo con altos niveles de Cd. A los 60 días, se evaluó la altura de las plantas, peso seco, contenido de clorofilas, porcentaje de micorrización y viabilidad de las estructuras fúngicas y el efecto de los HMA en la partición del cadmio en las plantas de girasol. Resultados. Las plantas de girasol mostraron una respuesta beneficiosa a la inoculación con cepas de hongos micorrizicos arbusculares, con una conducta diferenciada entre las cepas y con los mayores efectos obtenidos en el crecimiento, la producción de biomasa y en el proceso de fitoextracción con la cepa INCAM-11, al aumentar la concentración de metal en las plantas a 8,01 mg kg-1 y un porciento de infección 60 % y densidad visual 5,01. Conclusiones. Las micorrizas arbusculares aumentaron la absorción de cadmio y el crecimiento vegetativo del girasol.
Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of lumpy skin disease in Egyptian ruminants
Authors: Khafagi M. H. , Ghazy A. A. , Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud M.
Published: June 2024

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important diseases causing great economic losses in live animals stock industry of affected countries. It is an infectious vector borne viral illness considered one of major trans-boundary animal diseases affecting cattle and Asian domestic buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The aim of the current review is to clarify the current status of LSD epidemiology and to throw light on the methods of LSD diagnosis, prevention, treatment and control. LSD is rarely fatal, characterised by nodules on the entire skin of the affected animals, and has a high morbidity rate. The disease has severe direct adverse effects on cattle production, milk yields and animal body condition from damage of hides, abortions, infertility and other indirect effects resulted from restriction of animal movements and trade. The first recorded outbreak was in Zambia in 1929. It is considered an endemic disease in African continent. First report of LSD in Egypt was in Suez Canal governorate in 1988. Diagnosis of LSD virus depends on the highly characteristic clinical signs in severely infected cases. In mild cases the diagnosis depends on the detection and isolation of the virus on different cell lines and on chorio-allantoic membranes of embryonated chicken eggs. Viral nucleic acid detection by molecular techniques as real time PCR is considered the test of priority because it is rapid, sensitive and quantitative. Prevention of the disease depends mainly on vaccination programmes for the entire cattle and buffalo populations, restriction of animals’ movement inside the country and through country borders, controlling insect vectors, in addition to symptomatic treatment of infected animals.
Investigating a Link between Pre-Calculus Students’ Uses of Graphing Calculators and their Understanding of Mathematical Symbols
Authors: Kenney Rachael H.
Published: June 2024

This study examined ways in which students make use of a graphing calculator and how use relates to comfort and understanding with mathematical symbols. Analysis involved examining students’ words and actions in problem solving to identify evidence of algebraic insight. Findings
suggest that some symbols and symbolic structures had strong influences on students’ choices in problem solving, and that that difficulties in symbol sense can lead students to turn to a graphing calculator as a tool for prompting a way to start a problem, or for providing a guess or
confirmation. Certain symbols also lead some students to believe that they cannot use a calculator at all. Implications for teaching with a graphing calculator are included.
Study of Historical Geometric Problems by Means of CAS and DGS
Authors: Hašek Roman , Zahradník Jan
Published: June 2024

The use of the dynamic mathematics software GeoGebra to solve geometric problems on conics and loci from an 18th century textbook will be presented. In particular, examples will be shown of how the use of this program helped the authors to understand the method that our predecessors
used to deal with conic sections together with solving loci problems. The combination of the DGS and CAS features of GeoGebra has proved its worth to the authors in the solving of such problems. The use of the computer changed the old problems, which to our students were originally solved
in a rather strange way, into attractive modern problems.
From Calculus to Dynamical Systems through DGS and CAS
Authors: García Jeanett López , Zamudio Jorge Javier Jiménez
Published: June 2024

Several factors have motivated the use of CAS or DGS in the teaching-learning process, such as: the development of new technologies, the availability of computers, and the widespread use of the Internet, among others. Even more, the trend to include CAS and DGS in the curricula of
some undergraduate studies has resulted in the instruction of the software that must be used in the teaching process. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of the use of CAS and DGS in higher education. We propose a new approach presenting four possible uses in and out
of the classroom, in order to encourage teachers and students to use them in some topics related to variational thinking: (i) to assist in the mathematical reasoning to identify mathematical expressions; (ii) as an aid to understand concepts; (iii) as a didactic resource for self-learning;
and (iv) as a facilitator for the recognition of data from 3D drawings. Based on Piaget’s and Bruner’s cognitive theories, we suggest the use of apps which could be employed to improve the comprehension of selected mathematical topics, to allow students to acquire the mathematical
competencies to better understand the concepts involved in them, as well as to promote the development of variational thinking.
Representing Numbers as Continued Fractions and an N-spire .tns Document To Do Some Basic Continued Fraction Arithmetic
Authors: Leinbach L Carl
Published: June 2024

This paper illustrates a TI N-Spire .tns file created by the author for generating continued fraction representations of real numbers and doing arithmetic with them. The continued fraction representation provides an alternative to the decimal representation. The .tns file can be
used as tool for studying continued fractions and their properties as well as introducing the ideas of a best rational approximation to a real number and exploring some elementary ideas in error analysis.

While the paper is a review of some of the classical works on continued factions,
it does not present the material in a theorem/proof style. It motivates the results by citing examples and noting some interesting properties that will need to be verified. Notations are given to the references where exact and complete proofs of these facts can be found. The type of investigations
done in this paper are motivational and the style of presentation is designed to pique students and teachers curiosity about the subject. Another purpose of this paper is to show that by looking at alternative representations of something that seems to be well known, such as the real numbers,
can lead to exciting new and useful outcomes and applications.
Sleep duration and quality of Brazilian nursing staff who work in shifts
Authors: Silva Rosângela Marion da , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner , Lenz Flávia Camef Dorneles , Pretto Carolina Renz , Santos Katerine Moraes dos , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Centenaro Alexa Pupiara Flores Coelho
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze sleep duration and sleep quality in nursing professionals who work in shifts. Method: this is a cross-sectional, analytical research, carried out between September 2017 and April 2018, at a public hospital in southern Brazil, with the nursing team. A socio-occupational and health symptoms questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. Data are presented as descriptive and inferential statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression. Results: participants were 308 nursing professionals with a predominance of long-term sleep, absence of drowsiness, and poor sleep quality. Short-term sleep (<6h) was associated with day shift and poor sleep quality. Sleep quality was associated with presence excessive daytime sleepiness and work day shift. Conclusion: work shift, insomnia and headache were the main factors related short-term sleep for nursing professionals. The results may justify the development of intervention research for workers’ health.
Primary health care professionals’ practice in the face of leprosy: a scoping review
Authors: Macêdo Michelle Santos , Barbosa Nanielle Silva , Almeida Priscilla Dantas , Melo Júlia Oliveira , Cardoso Jonas Alves , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify Primary Health Care professionals’ practice in the face of leprosy. Methods: a scoping review, carried out between November 2022 and January 2023, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by JBI and checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in six databases and additional literature. Results: the sample consisted of 11 articles, published between 2008 and 2022. The findings were synthesized into three categories: Early diagnosis and timely treatment; Physical disability prevention; and Household and social contact surveillance. Final Considerations: there is a need to align the practices carried out with those recommended by the Brazilian National Program for Leprosy Control and Elimination, as some were not identified in studies, which implies losses to qualified assistance directed to patient demands, with a view to control and elimination of leprosy.
Sentidos atribuídos à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde pelas cuidadoras de adolescentes com diabetes
Authors: Pessoa Marina Saraiva de Araújo , Ramalho Elisabeth Luisa Rodrigues , Marinho Maria Elizabete de Amorim Silva , Vaz Elenice Maria Cecchetti , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Sparapani Valéria de Cássia , Collet Neusa
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: interpretar os sentidos atribuídos à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde por cuidadoras de adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório desenvolvido no ambulatório de referência para doenças endócrinas em uma cidade da Paraíba com 14 cuidadoras de adolescentes com diabetes. As entrevistas ocorreram entre maio e setembro de 2021. O material empírico foi submetido à análise temática indutiva e interpretado à luz dos conceitos de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e do funcionamento familiar. Resultados: os sentidos atribuídos pelas cuidadoras à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos adolescentes convergiram para sensação de estar com saúde, alimentação saudável, renda familiar satisfatória, envolvimento da família no cuidado e acesso efetivo à rede assistencial. Considerações Finais: o conhecimento destes sentidos possibilita que os profissionais de saúde elaborem estratégias que atendam às demandas singulares de cuidadores que vivenciam esse diagnóstico.
The (in)visibility of fibromyalgia through its symptoms and the challenges of its diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Costa Larissa Pereira , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the social representations of fibromyalgia based on its symptoms and their influences on diagnosis and therapy. Methods: Qualitative research with the application of the Theory of Social Representations and snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 adults diagnosed with fibromyalgia in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2020 and January 2021. Statistical and lexicographical analysis was performed using Alceste software. Results: Pain, as a subjective phenomenon, complicates its legitimacy, diagnosis, and therapy, enhancing suffering. Insufficient information generates judgments, stereotypes, and prejudices. Final Considerations: Stigmas, prejudices, the variety and invisibility of symptoms make it difficult to objectify the disease within the Cartesian-biomedical frameworks, generating diagnostic pilgrimage, mistakes, and challenges in treatment. Such representations hinder relationships and the management of the disease. Deconstructing them is a way to better care for those with fibromyalgia. Raising awareness and spreading qualified information are important allies.
Strategies used by nurses regarding underreporting of rural work accidents due to pesticide use
Authors: Brito Dionatan Carmini de , Xavier Daiani Modernel , Redü Alberto de Oliveira , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , Soares Franciele Gomes , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Perin Laura Fontoura
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To learn the strategies used regarding underreporting of pesticide use in rural areas. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in eight primary healthcare units in rural areas and two emergency care units in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data collection took place in 2023 through interviews. Twenty professional nurses participated. The data was submitted to content analysis. Results: The strategies identified were lifelong and continuing education for the professionals who carry out the notification, active search and training of workers who deal directly with this type of substance, computerizing the notification by filling in the forms online, and carrying out research on the subject. Final considerations: Nurses play an important role in reporting occupational accidents caused by the use of pesticides, improving occupational safety in rural areas.
Accuracy of duplex ultrasonography versus angiotomography for the diagnosis of extracranial internal carotid stenosis
Authors: DAOLIO RAUL MUFFATO , ZANIN LUIZ FERNANDO SANTETTI , FLUMIGNAN CAROLINA DUTRA QUEIROZ , CASSOLA NICOLLE , GUEDES NETO HENRIQUE JORGE , SANTOS JOSÉ EDUARDO MOURÃO , AMORIM JORGE EDUARDO , NAKANO LUÍS CARLOS UTA , FLUMIGNAN RONALD LUIZ GOMES
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction: Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis causes about 15% of ischemic strokes. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the first line of investigation of ICA stenosis, but its accuracy varies in the literature and it is usual to complement the study with another more accurate exam when faced with significant stenosis. There is a lack of studies that compare DUS with angiotomography (CTA) in the present literature. Methods: we performed an accuracy study, which compared DUS to CTA of patients in a tertiary hospital with a maximum interval of three months between tests. Patients were selected retrospectively, and two independent and certified vascular surgeons evaluated each image in a masked manner. When there was discordance, a third evaluator was summoned. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ICA stenosis of 50-94% and 70-94%. Results: we included 45 patients and 84 arteries after inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. For the 50-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 69%, sensitivity 89%, and specificity 63%. For the 70-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 84%, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 93%. There was discordance between CTA evaluators with a change from clinical to surgical management in at least 37.5% of the conflicting reports. Conclusion: DUS had an accuracy of 69% for stenoses of 50-94% and 84% for stenoses of 70-94% of the ICA. The CTA analysis depended directly on the evaluator with a change in clinical conduct in more than 37% of cases.
Minimally invasive lipoabdominoplasty (MILA) tactic
Authors: CLAUS CHRISTIANO MARLO PAGGI , DI-BIASIO GUILLERMO ALFREDFO , RIBEIRO RAIDEL DEUCHER , CORREA MARCO AURELIO MOURA FARIA , PAGNONCELLI BRUNO , PALMISANO EZEQUIEL
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT While diastasis recti (DR) was long neglected by general surgeons, plastic surgeons considered conventional abdominoplasty as the only repair option. However, this scenario has changed recently, either due to a better understanding of the correlation between DR and abdominal wall function and greater risk of recurrence in abdominal hernia repairs, or due to the development of new minimally invasive techniques for repairing DR. One of these surgical procedures consists of the concept of an abdominoplasty, that is, supra-aponeurotic dissection and plication of the DR (with or without abdominal hernia) but performed through three small supra-pubic incisions by laparoscopy or robotic approach. More recently, this procedure has gained new stages. Liposuction and skin retraction technology have been associated with MIS plication of DR, which increases the indications for the technique and potentially improves results. For the first time in the literature, we describe these steps and the synergy between them.
Food insecurity in Brazil by household arrangements and characteristics between 2004 and 2022
Authors: Golgher André Braz
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Although food insecurity presents a decreasing trend worldwide, some regions recently observed an increase in hunger levels. Such was the case in Brazil between 2014 and 2018, during and after the great Brazilian recession, and between 2020 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2004 and 2022 using Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), Brazilian Household Budget Survey (POF) and Continuous PNAD. Households were classified in 20 types of arrangements, and the most vulnerable living arrangements between 2004 and 2018 were identified by multinomial logistic models. Overall, households headed by women (single blacks, whites or in couples) with or without children were the most prone to food insecurity. As for the evolution of food insecurity in Brazil between 2018 and 2022, logistic models were applied to estimate moderate and severe food insecurity levels among the 20 household types. Additionally, effects of the emergency aid and idiosyncrasies of the COVID-19 pandemic were estimated.
Geography and public health: analysis of the epidemiological dynamics of meningitis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Silva Luis Roberto da , Arruda Laís Eduarda Silva de , Barreto Isabel de Jesus Brandão , Aragão João Victor Rodrigues de , Silva Maria Luiza Ferreira Imburana da , Lira Guilherme , Teixeira Camila Maria Barros , Oliveira Emília Carolle Azevedo de
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal epidemiological dynamics of meningitis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Methods: Descriptive ecological study with cases and deaths due to meningitis in Brazil (2010-2019) in the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN). The following analyses were performed: (I) frequency analyses of cases and deaths, prevalence rates, mortality, lethality, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test; (II) Prais-Winstein regression; and (III) Global, Local Moran's index, and Kernel density. Results: 182,126 cases of meningitis were reported in Brazil, of which 16,866 (9.26%) resulted in death, with prevalence rates of 9.03/100,000 inhabitants, mortality of 0.84/100,000 inhabitants, and lethality of 9.26%. There was a noted trend of decreasing prevalence rates (−9.5%, 95% confidence interval — 95%CI −13.92; −4.96, p<0.01) and mortality (−11.74%, 95%CI −13.92; −9.48, p<0.01), while lethality remained stable (−2.08%, 95%CI −4.9; 0.8; p<0.1941). The majority of cases were viral meningitis (45.7%), among 1-9 years old (32.2%), while the highest proportion of deaths was due to bacterial meningitis (68%), among 40-59 years old (26.3%). In the Moran and Kernel maps of prevalence and mortality rates, municipalities in the South, Southeast, and the capital of Pernambuco in the Northeast stood out with high rates; as for lethality, the North, Northeast, and Southeast coastal areas were highlighted. Conclusion: A decrease in meningitis cases and deaths was found in this study; however, the lethality rate was higher in areas with lower prevalence, emphasizing the need to enhance actions for identifying, monitoring, and providing health care for cases, as well as expanding vaccination coverage.
A visita domiciliar a pessoas idosas na ótica do agente comunitário de saúde e a noção de território sanitário
Authors: Gutiérrez Murillo Roberth Steven
Published: June 2024

Resumo O estudo objetivou analisar o processo de trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde com a população idosa, dando especial ênfase à visita domiciliar no município de Foz do Iguaçu, no Paraná. Delineou-se um estudo transversal, de cunho analítico-descritivo, com abordagem mista. Participaram 114 agentes comunitários de saúde, com predominância do sexo feminino, média de idade de 43,2 (DP 10,76) anos, cor de pele branca, estado civil casada, religião católica e com ensino médio completo como maior grau de escolaridade. Surgiram três categorias discursivas que descrevem os desafios enfrentados por esses profissionais no trabalho com idosos: o ‘território epidemiológico’ reúne as demandas sanitárias dos idosos acompanhados pelas agentes; a ‘abordagem clínica’ discute aspectos do modelo assistencial da estratégia saúde da família; e a ‘vida em comunidade’ retoma a questão das relações sociais entre o idoso e o meio. O estudo permitiu constatar que a visita domiciliar é a principal atividade desenvolvida pelas agentes comunitárias de saúde com a população idosa. Achados do estudo oferecem aportes à gestão sanitária local, por meio da discussão dos desafios enfrentados por um segmento significativo de profissionais da saúde alocados na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Autoeficacia y actitud para el uso de herramientas web 2.0 en el aprendizaje del inglés en línea: diferencias por sexo
Authors: Paniagua Juan Fernando Gómez , Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Larenas Claudio Díaz , Martínez Julio Antonio Álvarez
Published: June 2024

Resumen Las tecnologías Web 2.0 proveen diversos recursos para el aprendizaje del inglés en línea. La investigación tiene como propósito analizar las diferencias en las creencias sobre la autoeficacia percibida en las habilidades comunicativas y la actitud para el uso de las herramientas Web 2.0 en el aprendizaje del inglés en línea, con respecto a la variable sexo. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, ex post facto, descriptivo-inferencial y transversal con una muestra de 861 estudiantes en una universidad pública de Colombia. Los resultados indicaron que desde el Modelo de Aula Invertida en Encuentros Sincrónicos (MAIES), los hombres poseen una autoeficacia mayor en todas las habilidades comunicativas y emplean los recursos Web 2.0 en mayor medida. Las diferencias entre sexos se atribuyen a la motivación intrínseca, extrínseca e instrumental, a la forma en que las mujeres asumen el MAIES, y a un posible sentido de ‘autocomplacencia’ en la forma en que los hombres evaluaron su autoeficacia en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera (L2). En esta muestra, el sexo es un aspecto diferencial en el aprendizaje del inglés por medio del MAIES, en lo concerniente a las creencias de autoeficacia y al empleo de las herramientas Web 2.0. Se derivaron algunas implicaciones pedagógicas en consideración con los resultados.
Bioética como ciência da sobrevivência: análise do abuso do conhecimento
Authors: Rossi Rafaela , Selbach Manoela Duarte , Westphal Euler
Published: June 2024

Resumo Perante a realidade atual de exploração excessiva dos recursos naturais, a bioética promove um importante debate interdisciplinar abrangendo ramos éticos e científicos. Por muitos anos, um processo de industrialização expressivo aumentou a produção de bens de consumo e gerou uma mentalidade consumista. A valorização da lucratividade e do consumismo evidenciaram os impactos do conheci mento perigoso, a exemplo do uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos e de testes de engenharia genética. Nesse contexto, a população teve acesso a uma quantidade extraordinária de informações, embora não soubesse como utilizá-las de maneira adequada, fato que salienta a importância da bioética para mediar conflitos, promovendo uma discussão entre especialistas e a população. Por fim, ressalta-se a necessidade de conscientizar as pessoas quanto aos impactos ambientais de suas atividades, objetivando mudar atitudes em relação ao ambiente e possibilitar um convívio mais harmônico entre os seres humanos e as diferentes espécies animais e vegetais.
Consentimiento y aclaración: deber y derecho a la información en odontología
Authors: Farias Zilda Betânia Barbosa Medeiros de , Silveira Márcia Maria Fonseca da , Silva Richardson , Santos Rebeka Thiara Nascimento dos , Sobral Ana Paula Veras
Published: June 2024

Resumen Los estudios del consentimiento informado del paciente en odontología son escasos y presentan divergencias, lo que revela la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento en definiciones, dinámicas, actos normativos, jurisprudencia y límites de responsabilidad frente a diversos factores y riesgos relacionados a la profesión. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS, y en libros, se buscó definir qué se entiende por consentimiento informado del paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e identificar la llamada “decisión aclarada”, considerando que la actividad del cirujano dental está clasificada como un servicio y reglamentada por la Constitución Federal de 1988, el Código de Defensa del Consumidor, el Código Civil y leyes especiales. Se busca identificar si es posible mejorar el consentimiento informado al convertirlo en un proceso de obtención de decisión aclarada que considere adecuadamente los tratamientos cuya principal finalidad sea la salud.
Formação leitora de jovens brasileiros e portugueses: suportes, títulos e autores
Authors: Batista Patrícia Cardoso , Balça Ângela , Lima Sheila Oliveira
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Neste artigo, apresentamos a análise de um recorte dos dados de uma pesquisa realizada com jovens brasileiros e portugueses. O objetivo é identificar os suportes textuais utilizados para a leitura literária, bem como os autores e obras mais lidos por esse público, a fim de refletir sobre as influências subjacentes a essas escolhas. Para tanto, analisamos as respostas dadas a um questionário aplicado aos estudantes do último ano do Ensino Médio dos dois contextos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, com aporte teórico em Barthes (2004), Balça e Costa (2017), Pennac (1993), Petit (2009), Todorov (2010), entre outros que discorrem sobre a temática. Os resultados mostram que os jovens preferem ler obras literárias no suporte impresso, as quais são eleitas, na maioria, conforme as exigências das instituições escolares e mercado editorial.
O Elogio de Helena de Isocrates: argumentação em muitas camadas
Authors: Silva Bárbara Amaral da
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Por volta de 390 a.C., Isócrates escreveu um texto dedicado à mítica Helena, Elogio de Helena. Segundo o rétor, seu objetivo era enaltecer aquela personagem, reconhecida em duas das principais obras de Homero, a Ilíada e a Odisseia. Embora o texto isocrático já tenha sido exaustivamente estudado, acreditamos que a Análise do Discurso proporcionará uma visão mais aprofundada do texto e de suas estratégias argumentativas. Assim, nosso objetivo é analisar como se deu a construção argumentativa do Elogio de Helena. A partir da análise foi possível perceber que os discursos possuem diferentes camadas, que Isócrates utiliza a história de Helena como base para sua argumentação e que o retórico reproduz imaginários de feminilidade e masculinidade, embora este não fosse um objetivo explícito.
Elderly people with hearing loss and cognitive decline: speech perception performance in noise
Authors: Cardoso Maria Julia Ferreira , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas , Tabaquim Maria de Lourdes Merighi , Lopes Tatiana de Andrade , Costa Filho Orozimbo Alves , Jacob Lilian Cássia Bórnia
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the influence of verbal intellectual-cognitive skills on speech perception in noise, in elderly with sensorineural hearing loss, considering education, age, and degree of hearing loss. Methods 36 elderly between 60 and 89 years old with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study. After psychological assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WAIS-III), they were grouped into (GI) 24 elderly without cognitive alteration and (GII) 12 elderly with risk of cognitive alteration. They underwent otorhinolaryngological assessment, audiological interview, pure tone audiometry, and assessment of speech perception in noise using the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT-Brazil). The Mann-Whitney U statistical test compared the results between the groups, and the Spearman correlation verified the variable's age, degree of hearing loss, and level of education. Results There was no difference between the groups in the ability to perceive speech in noise, except in the noise on the left condition, in which GII showed better performance in HINT-Brazil. The degree of hearing loss and level of education influenced the perception of speech in noise. The level of education was correlated with the WAIS-III results. Conclusion The decline in verbal intellectual-cognitive skills did not affect speech perception of noise in the elderly with hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss and level of education influenced the performance of the elderly in the speech perception test in noise. Performance in verbal cognitive skills varied according to the level of education.
Um curso de capacitação sobre comunicação na primeira infância impacta no conhecimento de profissionais da educação infantil?
Authors: Barbosa Hellen Tatyanne da Silva , Giacchini Vanessa , Araújo Eliene Silva , Cáceres-Assenço Ana Manhani
Published: June 2024

Resumo Objetivo Analisar se um curso de capacitação sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância tem impacto positivo no conhecimento de profissionais da educação infantil e verificar a percepção dos participantes sobre o curso. Método Estudo longitudinal conduzido em ambiente virtual entre setembro de 2021 e dezembro de 2022. No total, participaram 91 profissionais da educação infantil que concluíram um curso de capacitação. O curso consistiu em três módulos sobre desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância, ofertados por meio da plataforma Google Classroom, com uma carga horária total de 50 horas distribuídas ao longo de quatro meses. Os participantes responderam um questionário composto por 20 itens relacionados aos temas abordados antes de iniciar o curso, imediatamente após a conclusão e seis meses após o término. Para cada questão respondida corretamente foi atribuído 1 ponto. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de uma abordagem descritiva e inferencial, sendo a comparação do total de acertos nos três momentos realizada por meio da ANOVA de Friedman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Tanto a análise dos acertos de cada item do questionário, quanto a pontuação geral revelou aumento gradual entre os três momentos. A percepção dos participantes sobre o curso teve alto índice de satisfação. Conclusão Os participantes demonstraram aumento no número de acertos no questionário nos momentos pré e pós curso de capacitação, o que sugere maior conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância tanto imediatamente após sua conclusão, quanto após seis meses.
Reconhecimento de emoções pela voz e expressão facial por estudantes de medicina
Authors: Zambeli João Gabriel Antunes , Lira Antonio Alexandre de Medeiros , Cassol Mauriceia
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a capacidade de estudantes de medicina para reconhecer emoções pela voz e expressão facial, por meio de avaliações de percepção emocional da entonação vocal e das expressões faciais. Métodos estudo com delineamento transversal observacional. Para avaliação do reconhecimento de emoções pelas expressões faciais, utilizou-se um teste composto por 20 vídeos de microexpressões faciais e, para avaliação do reconhecimento emocional pela voz, utilizou-se o Protocolo de Reconhecimento de Emoções Prosódicas Básicas, baseado no banco de dados de Burkhardt. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes de Friedman, Shapiro-Wilk, teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman. Resultados o estudo foi composto por 38 alunos, com média de idade de 20,8 (±2,5). O reconhecimento de emoções pela voz foi significativamente superior, comparado com os resultados do teste de reconhecimento de emoções pelas expressões faciais. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade e a habilidade de reconhecer emoções pelas expressões faciais. O gênero masculino apresentou taxa significativa de acertos, superior ao gênero feminino na habilidade de reconhecer emoções pela expressão facial. As emoções com maior média de acertos pela expressão facial foram surpresa, alegria e desprezo, enquanto, por meio da voz, as emoções foram raiva, medo e tristeza. Conclusão a capacidade de reconhecimento de emoções por estudantes de medicina foi maior na avaliação de percepção emocional por meio da voz.
Professores e seus estudos: biblioteca, livros e leituras na Escola Normal de São Paulo (século XIX)
Authors: Silva Carolina Mostaro Neves da
Published: June 2024

Resumo Este artigo investiga a relação entre livros, leitura e formação docente na Escola Normal de São Paulo, no final do século XIX. Analisa a constituição de um acervo que deveria compor o repertório de estudantes e professores, e a institucionalização de um espaço para sua guarda e consulta. Para tanto, examina-se um conjunto diverso de fontes, que inclui relatórios, regulamentos, regimentos, legislação, publicações de jornais, catálogos de livros etc. Adota-se a perspectiva transnacional, enfatizando as relações entre São Paulo e França, que marcaram a constituição do acervo em suas primeiras décadas. Dialoga-se com referenciais da história cultural dos saberes pedagógicos e da história do livro e da leitura. Observa-se, desde 1870, o intuito de criar uma biblioteca composta preferencialmente por títulos referentes às matérias do curso normal. A composição de seu acervo acompanhou a diversificação e a ampliação das cadeiras, nos anos de 1880 e 1890, evidenciando a ascensão do caráter científico no campo da pedagogia e a circulação de materiais e ideias pedagógicas. No contexto em que as reformas da instrução pública na França eram admiradas por políticos e educadores brasileiros, a posse de materiais e livros franceses, ou adotados naquele país, era tida como fundamental para a apropriação de experiências e métodos modernos. Entretanto, havia obstáculos à leitura, tais como o horário de funcionamento, a iluminação e o escasso domínio do idioma, sendo constante a afirmação de que a frequência à biblioteca era pequena e que poucas obras eram lidas.
Ecoeficiência de concretos autoadensáveis com resíduo de louça sanitária
Authors: Souza Régis Marciano de , Ortigara Yuri Vilas Boas , Gomes Carlos Eduardo Marmorato , Magalhães Ricardo Rodrigues , Fontanini Patrícia Stella Pucharelli , Campos Alessandro Torres
Published: June 2024

Resumo O resíduo de louça sanitária (RLS) é alvitrado como uma alternativa ecologicamente ambiental, em substituição aos agregados finos e pedriscos, empregados na produção de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). A eficiência ambiental nos ciclos de vida energético e das emissões de dióxido de carbono de CAA com diferentes misturas de RLS, foram comparadas com o concreto autoadensável sem RLS (CAA_REF). A Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) evidenciou que a substituição de agregados de RLS em CAA_REF, pode gerar uma redução absoluta de aproximadamente 34,70 MJ/m³ e 2,07 kg de CO2/m³, respectivamente, o que corresponde a reduções de 1,5% e 0,5%. Verificou-se ainda que o uso de um indicador de ecoeficiência do comportamento ambiental em relação ao parâmetro resistência mecânica à compressão, pode contribuir e ser adequado em projetos de dosagens de CAA. Assim, observou-se que o uso de RLS, pode colaborar para a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzindo a disposição inadequada dos RLS no meio ambiente e implementado um reuso adequado.