bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of honeycomb sandwich floor panels made of polymer-matrix low-combustible composite materials based on high-strength carbon and glass fibers and adhesive binder
Authors: Komarov V. A. , Kutsevich K. E. , Pavlova S. A. , Tyumeneva T. Yu.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the task of designing aircraft honeycomb sandwich floor panels considering experimental data on the mechanical properties of new high-strength low-combustible composite materials. The developed experimental and analytical design procedure and optimization algorithm are described. The design task is formulated in terms of nonlinear mathematical programming in which the mass per square meter of the construction is the objective function. The thickness of the base layers, the height of honeycomb core and some other parameters are considered as the design variables. The proposed visual interpretation of the optimal design task allows reducing possible design solutions based on the experimental data to an enumeration of a limited number of design alternates. The article presents a demo task and the results of designing floor panes for an advanced passenger aircraft in the aisle area using a new low-combustible composite material. The floor panel is regarded as a continuous multiply supported plate loaded with distributed load. The proposed grapho-analytical method makes it possible to form the area of rational designs that differ from the optimal one in terms of mass by a specified allowable value. The performed computational and experimental analysis shows that with the use of the new material, a floor panel can be designed with base layers made of carbon or fiberglass and lightweight honeycomb filler with the mass of a square meter from 2,9 to 3,4 kg, which is the state-of-the-art.
Analytical model for determining allowances for elastomer constrained bending of aircraft parts
Authors: Moiseev V. K. , Gromova E. G. , Lomovskoi O. V. , Mantusov M. N. , Plotnikov A. N. , Sharov A. A.
Published: December 2020

In the article, the authors present a method of constrained bending of aircraft sheet parts with curved sides by an elastic medium. The process of conducting constrained bending is described. A schematic description of the process is presented. The manufacture of a part is carried out in two steps. As a result of the first step, a piece is obtained with thinning in the radius part, the second step is accomplished with a unit die of reduced height. The resulting wave of excess material is deformed along the radius of the bending mandrel. In the finished part, an increase in the thickness of the workpiece is observed in the zone of the bending radius. The wave of excess material is formed due to a special allowance, the size of which is the critical factor for achieving this increase in thickness. The analytical model for determining the allowance is based on generally accepted assumptions and principles for calculating process parameters. To determine the allowance, an approximation of the shape of the excess wave by a tangential function is proposed. This allows you to get an analytical dependence that relates the geometry of the part and the thickening of the wall to the size of the allowance. The size of the allowance is limited to a certain range, the lower boundary of which is determined by the onset of plastic deformations, the upper one - by the possibility of loss of stability, leading to irreparable spoilage. The results are illustrated by graphs of the dependence of the minimum and maximum allowance for the side height on the ratios of the workpiece wall thickness, the radius of the side bending and the radius of the side in plan. Characteristic curves and analytical dependencies are presented in a dimensionless form, where the geometric parameters are assigned to the radius of the bending tool, that is, to the radius of bending of the part side on the inner surface.
Improving the efficiency of aviation turbofan engines by using an intercooler and a recuperative heat exchanger
Authors: Omar H. , Kuz'michev V. S. , Tkachenko A. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Continuous improvement of fuel efficiency of aircraft engines is the main global trend in modern engine construction. To date, aviation gas turbine engines have reached a high degree of thermodynamic and design-and technology perfection. One of the promising ways to further improve their fuel efficiency is the use of complex thermodynamic cycles with turbine exhaust heat regeneration and with intermediate cooling in the process of air compression. Until recently, the use of cycles with a recuperative heat exchanger and an intercooler in aircraft gas turbine engines was restrained by a significant increase in the mass of the power plant due to the installation of heat exchangers. Currently, it has become technologically possible to create compact, light, high-efficiency heat exchangers for use on aircraft without compromising their performance. An important target in the design of engines with heat recovery is to select the parameters of the working process that provide maximum efficiency of the aircraft system. The article focuses on the statement of the task of optimization and choice of rational parameters of the working process of a bypass three-shaft turbojet engine with an intercooler and a recuperative heat exchanger. On the basis of the developed method multi-criteria optimization was carried out by means of numerical simulations. The results of optimization of thermodynamic cycle parameters of a bypass three-shaft turbojet engine with an intercooler and a recuperative heat exchanger in the aircraft system according to such criteria as the total weight of the engine and fuel required for the flight, and the aircraft specific fuel consumption per ton - kilometer of the payload are presented. A passenger aircraft of the Airbus A310-300 type was selected. The developed mathematical model for calculating the mass of a compact heat exchanger, designed to solve optimization problems at the stage of conceptual design of the engine is presented. The developed methods and models are implemented in the ASTRA program. The possibility of improving the efficiency of turbofan engines due to the use of complex thermodynamic cycles is shown.
Mystagogic Dimension of Christian Formation in the Family Community
Authors: Buchta Roman
Published: December 2020

Mistagogiczny wymiar formacji chrześcijańskiej we wspólnocie rodzinnej

Przeżywana w 2020 roku ogólnoświatowa pandemia koronawirusa spowodowała wprowadzenie surowych ograniczeń regulujących wszystkie przestrzenie życia społecznego. Dotyczyły one także możliwości uczestnictwa wiernych w liturgii oraz w codziennym życiu wspólnoty Kościoła. Skutkiem tego, wielu wiernych przeżywało liturgiczne obchody Wielkiejnocy oraz kolejnych niedziel paschalnych we wspólnocie najbliższej rodziny. Zgodnie ze wskazaniami biskupów, także we wspólnocie rodzinnej miało miejsce bezpośrednie przygotowanie dzieci do przyjęcia sakramentu pokuty i pojednania oraz I Komunii św. Rodziny stanęły zatem wobec konieczności wypełnienia zadań właściwych dla katechumenatu. Wobec powyższego, można postawić pytanie, czy w taki właśnie sposób – jako wspólnotę „domowego Kościoła” – postrzegają siebie współczesne chrześcijańskie rodziny? Czy są świadome swojej misji i odpowiednio do jej podjęcia przegotowane? Celem artykułu jest wydobycie mistagogicznego wymiaru formacji chrześcijańskiej we wspólnocie rodzinnej. Autor podejmuje refleksję nad rodziną jako miejscem urzeczywistnia się misterium Kościoła. Omawia także cele i zadania katechumenatu rodzinnego, podejmowane z racji udziału rodziny w życiu i misji Kościoła.
ICT in der theologisch-religiösen Ausbildung polnischer Religionslehrer*innen
Authors: Kostorz Jerzy
Published: December 2020

TIK we współczesnej formacji polskich katechetów

W obliczu rozwoju nowych technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w Polsce i cyfryzacji polskiej szkoły podjęto próbę ukazania TIK we współczesnej formacji polskich katechetów.  Odwołano się do dokumentów katechetycznych Kościoła powszechnego i w Polsce, aktów normatywnych oraz literatury przedmiotu. Zwrócono uwagę zarówno na wstępną, jak i permanentną formację. W tym celu dokonano krótkiej prezentacji obecnego stanu formacji katechetów w Polsce w zakresie TIK. Następnie analizowano miejsce i funkcje TIK w formacji polskich katechetów oraz sposoby jej realizacji w zakresie TIK. Przeprowadzona analiza dowiodła, że we współczesnej formacji polskich katechetów TIK zajmuje szczególne miejsce.

Nie może go zabraknąć, gdyż tylko w ten sposób katecheci mogą kształtować umiejętności informatyczne. Jednocześnie przedstawiono szereg możliwości e-learningowych. Ukazano także możliwości organizacyjne i metodyczne jakie TIK niesie dla pracy katechetów w szkole. Za ważne uznano m.in. umiejętności pracy na platformach zdalnego nauczania (np. Storybird, Padlet, Story Dice) oraz tworzenia i zastosowania różnych aplikacji (np. LearningApps.org., Kahoot!).

ICT in der theologisch-religiösen Ausbildung polnischer Religionslehrer*innen

Angesichts der Entwicklung von neuen IC-Technologien in Polen und der Digitalisierung des polnischen Schulwesens wurde der Versuch unternommen, ICT im Ausbildungsprozess polnischer Religionslehrer*innen zu verorten. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden katechetische Dokumente der katholischen Kirche in Polen, normative Akte und die Gegenstandsliteratur herangezogen. Erwähnt wurde sowohl die einführende, als auch die permanente theologisch-religiöse Ausbildung. Ferner wurde auch kurz der aktuelle Stand der ICT-Ausbildung von polnischen Katechetinnen und Katecheten dargestellt. Des Weiteren wurden auch der Stellenwert und die Funktion von ICT in der Ausbildung von Religionspädagogen in Polen analysiert. Daraus ging hervor, dass ICT in diesem Prozess einen besonderen Platz einnimmt. ICT ist unverzichtbar, denn nur so können Religionslehrer*innen ihre Kompetenzen im Bereich Informatik entfalten. Ferner wurden aktuelle E-Learning-Möglichkeiten dargestellt. Es wurde nachgewiesen, welche organisatorischen und methodischen Möglichkeiten ICT für die Arbeit in der Schule eröffnet und wie wichtig die Arbeit mit E-Learning-Plattformen (z. B. Storybird, Padlet, Story Dice) sowie die Ausarbeitung und Anwendung von zahlreichen Apps (LearningApps.org, Kahoot!) sein kann.
Teologia poezji liturgicznej w przestrzeni sztuki. Analiza na przykładzie opery „Legenda o niewidzialnym grodzie Kiteziu i dziewicy Fiewronii”
Authors: Ostaszczuk Iwan
Published: December 2020

Teksty poezji liturgicznej są ważnymi czynnikami w tworzeniu dzieł sztuki muzycznej na przestrzeni wieków europejskiej historii muzyki. Niniejszy artykuł omawia zagadnienie teologii poezji liturgicznej w przestrzeni sztuki. Recepcja określonego dzieła liturgicznego w sztuce muzycznej powoduje odpowiednie odczytanie jego treści w świetle konkretnego chrześcijańskiego paradygmatu teologicznego. Nikołaj Andriejewicz Rimski-Korsakow we współpracy z librecistą Władimirem Belskim w operze-legendzie Legenda o niewidzialnym grodzie Kiteziu i dziewicy Fiewronii wykorzystał aluzje tekstowe cerkiewnego śpiewu Oto Oblubieniec nadchodzi. Zapożyczenie śpiewu cerkiewnego z okresu Wielkiego Postu wyraża w finale opery teologiczne idee Drugiego Przyjścia Jezusa Chrystusa (paruzji), a także przedstawia obraz błogości raju życia wiecznego w Królestwie Niebieskim.
External genital tumors in women: role of differentiation, localization and histological types for predicting long-term survival value
Authors: Samokhvalova O. O. , Kopchak K. V. , Tkalia Y. G. , Svintsitsky V. S.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study was to investigate the role of the tumor degree, localization and histological type of tumor at the level of long-term survival by 25-year retrospective observation in women with external genitalia cancer.Materials and methods. 557 medical records of patients treated in National Cancer Institute have been analyzed during the period of 1993–2018 years. Impact of the differentiation degree, localization and histological type on the long-term survival value has been evaluated.Results. It has been proved that the long-term survival value decreased by 27.3% during transition from high (G3) to intermediate (G2) tumor grade, by 10.8% during transition from intermediate (G2) to low (G1) tumor grade. The overall level of 25-year survival retrospectively constituted 45.0% with G3 tumor grade, 31.0% with G2, and 26.0% with G1 tumor grade (p <0.05).The highest mortality has been demonstrated with total affection (66.7%), as well as with lesions of several zones (80.9%). The multiple Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the most unfavorable localization was the area of labia minora, where the probability of survival at 25-year-long observation was 6.0% versus 23.0% for the primary tumor localization in the area of labia majora, and versus 35.0% in the vulvar region localization.Conclusion. The highest rates of cancer mortality are verified in non-differentiated forms of tumor (100.0%) and for sarcoma (63.6%) depending on the morphological form of primary tumor. Mortality rate was more than 50.0% for all forms of squamous cell cancer. Carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with a level of mortality by 20.6 % and 21.4% respectively were more favorable compared to the other morphological forms.
Antibiotic resistance markers are a necessary tool in many clinical areas
Authors: T. M. Tutchenko  , O. A. Burka  , Y. A. Marfina  , T. Y. Tarasiuk  , T. A. Illiashenko
Published: December 2020

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is one of the leading and still far from solving the problems of mankind. Implementation of strategies for controling AR at different levels is a priority task, since crisis of the possibilities of creating new antibiotics is obvious. Implementation of this strategy in the medical field consists in the rational use of antibacterial agents and hygienic control of the spread of multiresistant strains.One of the ways to rationalize the use of antimicrobial agents was WHO AWaRe classification, the purpose of which is to expand the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics and limit the misuse of reserve groups and drugs with growing resistance levels. Implementation of these tasks is impossible without microbiological studies. Laboratory diagnostics of the infectious causes has undergone significant improvement – automation, availability of routine determination of resistance markers. The review presents the main mechanisms of AR development by common pathogens and possibility of their reflection in resistance markers.An important milestone in 2020 was the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical guideline for treatment of infectious caused by common multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria. In contrast to previous clinical guidelines, this makes the prescription of antibacterial drugs primarily on information about resistance markers, antibiotic susceptibility, and also on the location of infection. The purpose of the IDSA-2020 clinical guidelines is to assist clinicians in making decisions in treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and Pseudomonas feruginosa multi-drug resistant. The review presents the main points of this clinical guideline.Thus, effective treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is possible due to contemporary microbiological methods according to evidence-based clinical guidelines. Automated microbiological research systems significantly expand the clinical possibilities of effective treatment of infections and epidemiological control of resistant strains.
Association of gene polymorphism with menorrhagia combined with thyroid pathology
Authors: O. A. Andriets  , O. M. Yuzko  , Y. V. Tsysar
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study: to establish the frequency of alleles and genotypes of GP IIIa gene polymorphism in adolescent girls with uterine bleeding that is concomitant thyroid pathology and conduct a thorough genetic analysis of patients.Materials and methods. 70 teenage girls with puberty menorrhagia were surveyed. Study groups: I (main) – 30 teenage girls with puberty menorrhagia against the background of thyroid gland pathology, II group (comparison) – 40 teenage girls diagnosed with puberty menorrhagia. Control group consist of 25 almost healthy teenage girls. GP IIIa gene polymorphism (PLA1/PLA2) was studied once using PCR polymerase chain reaction.Results. A1/A2 polymorphism of the GP IIIa gene in adolescent girls with menorrhagia against the background of thyroid pathology indicates the likely prevailing frequency of individuals with “favorable” A1 allele over such with A2A2 genotype with and without pathology: in 12.3 and 9 times respectively. In adolescents without concomitant pathology A1A1 genotype was observed 11.7% more frequently than those with thyroid disease and 15.0% more often than in the control group. Distribution of genotypes of the GP IIIa gene polymorphous locus corresponded to the expected Hardy-Weinberg population balance, both in general and separately in the surveyed groups.Conclusions. In adolescents with menorrhagia without thyroid pathology A1A1 genotype occur 11.7% more frequently than in girls with thyroid diseases and 15.0% more often than in the control group. Relative frequency of A1A2- genotype is 9.2% in girls with menorrhagia and thyroid pathology, and A2A2 genotype by 2.5% over such in adolescents of comparison groups. Thus, risk factors for uterine bleeding with existing thyroid pathology in adolescent girls may depend on gene polymorphism.
Problems of qualifying crimes with a special subject, committed in complicity
Authors: Bahtiyarova E.R.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of some topical issues of qualification of crimes with a special subject, committed by two or more persons. Differentiated rules for the criminal-legal evaluation of such crimes are suggested, depending on the specifics of the content of the special features of the subject and the specifics of the objective side of the crime.
Problems of control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs over private detective and security activities
Authors: Lebedeva I.E. , Mamin A.S.
Published: December 2020

This article is aimed at reviewing the fundamental areas of control by the Ministry of internal Affairs bodies over private detective and security activities. The author notes a number of problematic aspects present in the legislative acts of this sphere. The problem of imperfection of the legal framework for the implementation of private detective and security activities in the Russian Federation at the appropriate level remains relevant.
Administrative suspension: theoretical and legal characteristics
Authors: Magomedova E.A. , Grebcov M.P.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes administrative suspension as a measure of administrative responsibility. Taking into account the logic of the research, the authors address the nature of legal liability, on the basis of which they characterize the administrative suspension. Next, a system of reasoning is built about the feasibility of modernizing administrative legislation in terms of the legal format of administrative suspension.
Insolvency (bankruptcy) of a legal entity as a legal measure responsibility
Authors: Mirzaeva A.A.
Published: December 2020

This article is aimed at considering the essence and significance of the institution of insolvency (bankruptcy) as a measure of legal liability. The author States that this interpretation is controversial. The author notes the transformation of the law enforcement approach to the sanctioned nature of the bankruptcy category and the possibility of imposing sanctions on the debtor's controlling persons.
Subsidiary liability in bankruptcy as a type quasi-liquidity legal liability
Authors: Musabirova D.A.
Published: December 2020

This article is aimed at considering the legal nature of such a specific institution as subsidiary liability in bankruptcy. The transformation of the normative array in the field of establishing this institution is noted. Attention is drawn to current trends in determining the essence and legal nature of subsidiary liability in bankruptcy. The point of view of the studied responsibility as a type of organizational quasi-exclusive responsibility is supported.
Ideology and its role in the strategy of modern liberal arts education
Authors: Ahmerova L.V.
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author attempts to consider the role of ideology as the main guide to improving the quality of higher education. According to the author, ideology represents the unity of two ways of seeing the world: abstract-logical and value-regulatory. In the first case, the emphasis is on the objective substance of the world; secondly, on the subjective attitude to it from the point of view of certain meanings, values, culture. No social institution, especially the Institute of Education, is complete without idealizations and ideas. An example of this is the national idea, as an expression of the very specifics of culture. It is based on meanings defined by traditions, customs, values and norms and is the basis for the construction of social existence. This article sees the main purpose of ideology as a sociocultural basis for the strategy of russian education development.
Ageist stereotypes and their impact on self-limiting attitudes and practices of older citizens
Authors: Boyarinova I.V.
Published: December 2020

The article raises the problem of the negative impact of ageist stereotypes on the attitudes and practices of older citizens regarding their lifestyle. The analysis is based on the results of a sociological study conducted in the Belgorod and Voronezh regions. The study showed that the vast majority of older people lead a lifestyle that subjectively corresponds to a certain " age " norm.
Abortion: pros and cons
Authors: Kovalenko A.I. , SHarshova O.A.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the socio-economic, medical, moral and legal factors of abortion of women in Russia. The authors believe that the country has one of the most liberal legislation in relation to abortion and analyze health care practices in relation to the reproductive health of women from the state, family, medicine, church, and the public.
Successful Management of Cervical Elongation During Pregnancy and Labor: A Case Report
Authors: Shokouh Nasim , Ghanbari Zeenat , Saedi Nafiseh
Published: December 2020

Uterine prolapse and cervical elongation are rare conditions that can complicate pregnancy, labor, and its management. To minimize complications, proper management of this conditionis necessary. A 26-year-old woman referred to our outpatient clinic with a lump protruding from her vagina. She was 16 weeks pregnant. Physical examination revealed uterine prolapseand cervical elongation, so to prevent the complications of the protruded cervix, a pessary was inserted. She had the pessary during the first stage of labor until the rupture of membranes(at 6 cm cervical dilatation). After removal of the pessary, although the cervix was out of introitus, the active phase of labor initiated and a normal vaginal delivery was done. Newonset prolapse during pregnancy with more probability is due to cervical elongation. During labor and delivery, this condition could be managed with conservative methods, includingpessary placement. and this condition could be managed with conservative methods including pessary placement during pregnancy and labor.
Carnitine Palmitoyltranferase Type 1 Deficiency: A Case Report of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder Encephalopathy
Authors: Tajik Pantea , Goudarzian Amir Hossein , Pourzahabi Zeinab
Published: December 2020

Background: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation with fewer than 30 case reports.
Case report: A 30-month-old child with fever and loss of consciousness was referred to our hospital. She had symptoms of colds for three days that were treated, but she had anorexia.Her abdomen was soft and hepatomegaly 5 cm below the edge of the rib was detected. According to a neurological consultation, with the probability of a seizure, the patient beganto receive levetiracetam. The patient was treated with sodium benzoate due to her decreased level of consciousness and increased blood ammonia (300). In the acylcarnitine profile, mildlyelevated levels of single acylcarnitine were seen to confirm the diagnosis of CPT-1 deficiency.
Conclusions: CPT-1 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive defect of mitochondrial longchain fatty acid oxidation that presents as an acute “Reye-like” hepatic encephalopathy andnon-ketotic hypoglycemia, developmental delay, and hepatomegaly.
Surveying the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from selected medicinal plants against human pathogens
Authors: Osanloo Mahmoud , Ghaznavi Ghazal , Abdollahi Abbas
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Essential oils (EOs) with different biological activities, such as antibacterial properties, are a valuable resource for developing new drugs.
Materials and Methods: Ingredients of six medicinally important EOs, including Artemisia dracunculus, Anethum graveolens, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Zingiber officinale, were identified using GC-MS analysis. Moreover, their five major compounds were also listed. Furthermore, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against four important human bacteria was also investigated using the 96-well plate microdilution.
Results: C. sinensis EO with IC50 of 1.0 and 4.7 mg.mL-1 have the most effect on the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Moreover, EOs of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (IC50: 1.0 mg. mL-1) and Artemisia dracunculus (IC50: 1.3 mg.mL-1) significantly showed better inhibitory effect on E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
Conclusion: These EOs could be used for developing inexpensive, potent, and green antibacterial agents.
Optimization of gamma-aminobutyric acid production by probiotic bacteria through response surface methodology
Authors: Sharafi Sharmineh , Nateghi Leila
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein four-carbon amino acid that has many physiological properties, including reducing blood pressure, accelerating protein synthesis in the brain, and treatment of insomnia and depression. This amino acid is produced by a number of lactic acid bacteria, fungi and yeasts. The objective of the present study was to identify probiotic bacteria with the maximum ability to generate GABA and optimize the bacterial culture conditions having the highest potential for GABA production.
Materials and Methods: The potential of GABA production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis in the culture medium of MRS broth was assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In order to increase the rate of GABA produced by the bacteria having the highest potential for GABA production, the conditions of the culture medium including pH (3.5 to 6.5) "temperature (25 to 45°C), time (12 to 96 h) and glutamic acid (GA) concentration (25 to 650 mmol) were optimized by the Box-Behnken’s Response Surface Method (RSM).
Results: Lactobacillus brevis had the highest potential of GABA production (5960.8 mg/l). The effect of time and GA con- centration was significant on the amount of GABA production. The best conditions of culture medium to achieve the highest amount of GABA production by Lactobacillus brevis (19960 mg/l) were temperature 34.09°C, pH 4.65, GA concentration 650 mmol and time 96 h.
Conclusion: The results showed that by optimization of the culture medium conditions of probiotic bacteria we can produce more GABA in culture medium
Bacillus phage endolysin, lys46, bactericidal properties against Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Sarjoughian Mohammad Reza , Rahmani Fereshte , Abolmaali Shamsozoha , Darvish Alipour Astaneh Shakiba
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: The great potential of bacteriophage for removing pathogen bacteria via targeting the cell wall is highly concerned. With a priority for overcoming drug-resistance, we screened against endolysins targeting Gram-negative bacteria to introduce a new antibacterial agent. This study was aimed to identify endolysins from the lysogenic phage of the Siphoviridea family in Bacillus subtilis.
Materials and Methods: The Bacillus subtilis strain DDBCC46 was isolated from a preliminary antibacterial screening program. The endolysin (s) was extracted, concentrated with ammonium sulfate saturation, and their activity evaluated against the indicator bacteria. The phage particles were extracted from the bacteria using the minimum inhibition concentration of mitomycin C, followed by testing the phage inhibitory effect on the growth of indicator bacteria. The NCBI, Virus-Host DB, and EXPASY databases were used to obtain and confirm the sequences of the genes encoding PG hydrolases in Siphoviridea phages hosted in B. subtilis.
Results: An 816 bp gene encoding an endolysin enzyme, was approved in the B. subtilis DDBCC 46, with specific primers of Bacillus phage SPP1. The purified-endolysin indicated antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus (sp), and Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE profiling followed by silica gel purification, led to introduceLys4630 as a therapeutic product and food preservative.
Conclusion: lys4630 showed antibacterial effects on the common Gram-negative pathogens in clinics and food industries; E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella (sp).
The dysregulation of microarray gene expression in cervical cancer is associated with overexpression of a unique messenger RNA signature
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Zahra , Poortahmasebi Vahdat , Mokhtari-Azad1 Talat , Shahmahmoodi Shohreh , Farahmand Mohammad , Farzanehpour Mahdieh , Jalilvand Somayeh
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the fourth most common cause of cervical cancer (CC). The aim of the present study was to investigate gene expression levels of previously identified transcriptional signatures for malignant and non-malignant CC.
Materials and Methods: To validate of previously analyzed microarray gene expression data, we selected two hub genes (CDK1 and PLK1) and four differentially expressed mRNAs that were common in pre-malignant-normal and malig- nant-pre-malignant networks (SMS, NNT, UHMK1 and DEPDC1). To this purpose, the study included women diagnosed histologically with malignant CC (n=15), pre-malignant (n=15), and normal subjects (n=15). The expression of six host genes and viral E6/E7 genes were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR.
Results: The results showed higher expression of CDK1/PLK1 hub genes and SMS, NNT and UHMK1 genes in malignant CC group than non-malignant CC group and normal group. A positive correlation was observed between gene expression of viral E6/E7 oncogenes and UHMK1 gene.
Conclusion: Dysregulation of several mRNA signatures are a common feature of CC and can be potentially used as diagnos- tic and prognostic biomarkers as well as can be applied to therapeutic targets for CC treatment.
The association of conditioning regimen with cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mardani Masoud , Abolghasemi Sara , Shabani Shiva , Tavakoli Farzaneh , Saeedi Anahita , Parkhideh Sayeh , Hajifathali Abbas
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Infections is yet one of the life-threatening complications of the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The myeloablative and immunosuppressive conditioning regimens, which are administered before HSCT, dampen the defense capacity of the recipients’ immune systems. In this condition, opportunistic infections, especially viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be reactivated and cause morbidity and mortality in HSCT patients. Here, we aimed to find out any possible relationship between types of conditioning regimen and CMV reactivation in allo- geneic HSCT patients.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 145 CMV-seropositive cases out of total 201 allo-HSCT patients, including age, gender, underlying disease, conditioning regimen, prophylaxis regimen and occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) to evaluate their roles in CMV reactivation.
Results: Our result showed that conditioning regimen containing Busulfan and Fludarabine (P=0.003) or Cyclophospha- mide (P=0.02) significantly decrease the early CMV reactivation. Patients who developed aGVHD (P=0.003) and those who received anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as prophylaxis regimen (P=0.002), had 1.84 and 2.63 times higher risks of CMV reactivation, respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest the conditioning regimen, aGVHD and ATG as influencing factors for early CMV reacti- vation post-HSCT which should be considered in the future studies.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes in HIV positive patients referring to the consultation center for behavioral diseases, Sanandaj, Iran
Authors: Amini Samira , Khodabandehloo Mazaher
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Co-infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in- creasing due to similar transmission pathways. Chronic HCV infection is the most common complication among HIV-infect- ed individuals. Information on the frequency of HCV infection on Iranian HIV-infected individuals is scarce. The aim of this study was the detection of HCV prevalence and genotypes among HIV-infected people in Sanandaj, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, whole blood samples were taken from 185 HIV positive individuals referring to Consultation Center for Behavioral Diseases, Sanandaj, Iran. The ELISA test was done on samples for anti-HCV antibodies. RNA was extracted from only anti-HCV antibody positive samples. An RT-PCR test was conducted to detect HCV RNA. Genotypes of HCV were detected by melting curve analysis by specific primers and probes. Test results and demographic information were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of individuals was 39.3 ± 9.4 years. Out of 185 individuals 99 (53.5%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Out of 99 antibody positive individuals, 44 had HCV RNA. Among 44 RNA positive individuals, genotypes and subtypes of HCV were as 26 (59.1%) 1a, 17 (38.6%) 3a and one (2.2%) 4. There was a significant association between an- ti-HCV antibody and demographic variables including, age, gender, occupation, and CD4+ T-cell count (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: The present study reveals that HIV/HCV co-infection is high in the study population. It is recommended similar studies should be done in other HIV infected populations for management of HIV/HCV co-infection
Confidentiality challenges surrounding plasma therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case discussion in Iran
Authors: Saeedi Tehrani1 Saeedeh , Hashemi Akram , Madani Mansureh , Forouzandeh Mina
Published: December 2020

Maintaining confidentiality, both in national and international codes of ethics, is considered an important principle in healthcare and the medical profession for both patients and physicians. This case-report article focused on a real case. Based on the request of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) for plasma donation from recovered COVID-19 patients, we asked the names and personal information of those patients from hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) and arranged for the subjects to be referred to the Medical Ethics Department of IUMS for consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various ethical and legal aspects of this case were discussed in a special meeting, and practical solutions were then provided considering the limits of confidentiality and conditions for ethical access to patients’ information during a pandemic. Since plasma therapy is not a definitive cure for COVID-19 and considering the ethical and legal points presented in this article, it is not recommended to announce the names of patients in the early stages. Given the potential impacts of the procedure and the possibility of patients being cured, however, their consent should be obtained in different situations and, if necessary, providing information to patients or educating them should be considered.
Health lag: medical philosophy reflects on COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Monajemi Alireza , Namazi Hamidreza
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we reflect on the COVID-19 pandemic based on medical philosophy. A critical examination of the Corona crisis uncovers that in order to understand and explain the unpreparedness of the health systems, we need a new conceptual framework. This helps us to look at this phenomenon in a new way, address new problems, and come up with creative solutions. Our proposal is that “health lag” is a concept that could help frame and explain this unpreparedness and unreadiness. The term “health lag” refers to the failure of health systems to keep up with clinical medicine. In other words, health issues in most situations fall behind clinical medicine, leading to social, cultural, and economic problems. In the first step to define health lag, we have to explain the distinction between clinical medicine and health and address the role of individual health, public health, and epidemic in this dichotomy. Thereafter, the reasons behind health lag will be analyzed in three levels: theoretical, practical, and institutional. In the third step, we will point out the most important consequences of health lag: the medicalization of health, the inconsistency of biopolitics, inadequate ethical frameworks, and public sphere vulnerabilities. Finally, we try to come up with a set of recommendations based on this philosophical-conceptual analysis.
The twilight of neoliberal globalization
Authors: Sergeev Grigory S.
Published: December 2020

The author employs contemporary Marxist theory and methodology, and its theoretical concept of finance monopoly capital in particular, to analyze the decline of the neoliberal globalization currently under way. The paper shows that offshoring and financialization that developed during the neoliberal era have reinforced monopolistic dominance by mature imperialist states (namely, the “triad” of USA, EU and Japan), leading to the new division (or recolonization) of the periphery. As a result, the geo-economic space has become rigidly structured in a hierarchy of the groups of nations, with production having become increasingly organized within global production networks controlled by transnational corporations based in the “triad”. However, mass transfer of the labor-intensive industries to low-wage countries of the periphery, and to China in particular, has resulted in geopolitical and economic rise of the latter, thus intensifying competition and struggle between national imperialisms. Deglobalization that emerged and evolved during the post-crisis period appears as a manifestation of a new redivision of the world, with unfolding redrawing of the geoeconomic map, creeping degradation of supranational institutions and spike of trade wars between the world’s largest economies.
Economic impacts of Covid-19 on the labor market and human capital
Authors: Dvořák Marek , Rovný Patrik , Grebennikova Veronika , Faminskaya Marina
Published: December 2020

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. Our results identify that in spite of all the adverse effects of the pandemic such as the excessive burden on the healthcare system, great economic losses and disruptions on the labor market (such as the loss of human capital and widening gaps in gender inequality) due to the lockdowns in many countries intended to slow down the spread of the infection with the purpose of flattening the curve representing the numbers of the COVID-19 patients, the current situation had many positive economic effects. For instance, we find that the recent pandemic helped to increase the financial inclusion and enabled broader access to financial system. In addition, during the past few months, digitalization and the use of information technology deepened and progressed in both large and small enterprises as well as in the higher education institutions. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic helped to develop the awareness about the climate change among many people by demonstrating how the decrease in economic activity can have a profound effect on cutting CO2 emissions. Furthermore, we find that COVID-19 pandemic contributed to optimizing work load and cutting unnecessary work in many large and small business companies and public institutions. It is likely that most of them will continue with this optimization and digitalization of work after the pandemic is over. Last but not least, we note the enhanced family life and interpersonal relations that would without any doubt contribute to the quality of human capital and the level of happiness. Our results might be useful for public officials and labor market specialists who would want to grasp the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and to find ways how to smoothen its impacts.
No correlation between Galectin-3 expression and clinicopathological features of follicular thyroid carcinoma minimally invasive: study in single institution
Authors: Ahyati Rika , Agustina Hasrayati , Suryanti Sri , Hernowo Bethy
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background. Galectin-3 has been suggested to involve in invasion and aggressive behaviour of several cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunoreactivity of Galectin-3 in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in an attempt to investigate its association with clinicopathology of FTC.

Method. This study included 46 selected paraffin embedded tissue blocks from surgically resected follicular thyroid carcinoma minimally invasive, consists of 23 cases of FTC capsular invasion only and 23 cases of FTC encapsulated angioinvasive. Immunohistochemistry staining for Galectin-3 were performed on all cases. Galectin-3 protein expression was observed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of examined tissues.

Result. Forty-three (93.5%) samples had strong or moderate staining and 3 (6.5%) tumours had negative or weak staining. Positive immunoreactivity of Galectin-3 was found in 18/23 (78.3%) cases of FTC capsular invasion only and 20/23 (86.9%) cases of FTC encapsulated angioinvasive. The galectin-3 did not show association with the sex (p=0.345), age (p=0.200), and tumour size (p=0.767). There was no significant difference of Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression between FTC capsular invasion only and FTC encapsulated angioinvasive (p= 0.699).

Conclusion. No differentiation of sex, age, tumour size, and immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 in capsular invasion only and encapsulated angioinvasive of minimally invasive FTC.
De hombres del Reino a República de hombres. Colectivización, comunidad y poder en Harrington y Babeuf
Authors: Sánchez Quiñones Luis
Published: December 2020

El pensamiento utópico ha sido una constante en la formulación de los movimientos políticos así como en la configuración de los derechos individuales. Las revoluciones de los siglos XVII y XVIII ofrecieron notables ejemplos de sociedades articuladas a través de ideas elevadas en las que la redistribución de la riqueza y una mayor participación política eran signo común. Sin embargo, esas aparentes coincidencias escondían diferencias de planteamiento y de concepción, como exponemos en el análisis de las ideas de James Harrington y Gracchus Babeuf.

Recibido: 05.12.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
A Study of Heat Resistance of the Metal Coating Obtained by 10G7M3S2AFTYu Flux-Cored Wire Surfacing
Authors: Eremin E.N. , Losev A.S. , Borodikhin S.A. , Ponomarev I.A. , Matalasova A.E. , Kropotin O.V.
Published: December 2020

The processes in petrochemical industries often take place at high temperatures, which determines the use of materials with high heat resistance for parts and components of technological equipment in this industry. When exposed to high temperatures, scale is formed on the metal surface, which leads to deterioration of its mechanical and operational properties. Therefore, the problem of improving the performance of parts operating under the conditions when they do not only wear out but also have to endure high temperatures is of great practical importance. Heat resistance of 10G7M3S2AFTYu-coated steel was studied under the temperature of 900°С. It was established that the main increase in the mass of scale for this steel occurred in the first hours, and later this dependence was almost straight-line. The average weight gain of the metal scale of such a coating at 900°С was 0.0035 kg/(m2·h). The presence of selective intercrystalline high-temperature interaction was determined, the products of which were carbides, oxides and nitrides of active alloying elements along with simple iron and manganese oxides. It was shown that the basis of the surface layer of the 10G7M3S2AFTYu metal scale was formed from compounds Fe2O3, Fe3O4, VO, MoO2 that have average protective properties, as well as Fe1,26Mn0,74O3, Мn2О3, SiC, VNi0,81, AlC3N3 that have relatively high protective properties. It was concluded that flux-cored wire 10G7M3S2AFTYU could be used for surfacing parts and units of heat transfer systems.
Sfera profanum dnia Wszystkich Świętych wobec społecznego aspektu cmentarzy
Authors: Tanaś Sławoj
Published: December 2020

Współczesna „popkulturyzacja” uroczystości Wszystkich Świętych stała się powodem do dokonania przez autora analizy sfery profnum tego dnia na przykładzie wybranych łódzkich cmentarzy, wraz z krótkim opisem porównawczym latynoamerykańskich świąt ku czci zmarłych, które przypadają na pierwsze dni listopada. Odwiedzanie polskich cmentarzy 1 listopada nabrało w XX w. cech rekreacyjnych i krajoznawczych, co potwierdzają m.in. sposób zagospodarowania otoczenia cmentarzy, mający charakter jarmarczny i ludyczny, oraz kierujące odwiedzającymi motywy komemoracyjne, kontemplacyjne i poznawcze. Zmiany cywilizacyjne wpływają coraz częściej na postrzeganie dnia Wszystkich Świętych jako atrakcji turystycznej czy wręcz kulturowego produktu turystycznego. Artykuł obejmuje opis porównawczy uroczystości Wszystkich Świętych w Polsce i Dnia Zmarłych w Ameryce Łacińskiej, analizę pomiaru wielkości ruchu na wybranych łódzkich cmentarzach wraz ze sposobem zagospodarowania ich otoczenia w dniu 1 listopada 2019 r., z wykorzystaniem niepublikowanych wyników badań z 2004 r., oraz dyskusję nad świeckim i rekreacyjnym aspektem dnia Wszystkich Świętych.
Exploring destination image, familiarity, information search behaviour, involvement and travel motivation as influencers of ecotourists’ destination loyalty
Authors: Yu Jing , Kasim Azilah , Sreenivasan Jayashree , Dzakiria Hisham , Ul Haq Magray Ahsan
Published: December 2020

This work aims at exploring the influence of selected factors that have received little attention in the past on ecotourism destination loyalty within the context of a developing country. The factors are destination image, familiarity, information search behaviour, involvement and travel motivation. The research was conducted on ecotourists visiting Malaysia who were approached on site and assisted to complete the survey instrument. The sample size was 813, representing a response rate of 47%. Hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Model. It was found that while there are no linear relationships between the tested variables and destination loyalty, there are findings from the study that offer some managerial implications towards the industry.