bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Shedding of Surface Mesothelin Improves Efficacy of Mesothelin-Targeting Recombinant Immunotoxins
Authors: Awuah Prince , Bera Tapan K. , Folivi Messan , Chertov Oleg , Pastan Ira
Published: May 2016

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a differentiation antigen that is highly expressed in many epithelial cancers. MSLN is an important therapeutic target due to its high expression in cancers and limited expression in normal human tissues. Although it has been assumed that shed antigen is a barrier to immunotoxin action, a modeling study predicted that shed MSLN may enhance the action of MSLN-targeting recombinant immunotoxins such as SS1P and similar therapeutics by facilitating their redistribution within tumors. We aimed to determine whether shed MSLN enhances or reduces the antitumor effect of MSLN-targeting immunotoxins SS1P and RG7787. We engineered a cell line, A431/G9 (TACE mutant) that expresses a mutant form of MSLN in which the TNF-converting enzyme protease site is replaced with GGGS. We compared the response of the TACE-mutant cells with immunotoxins SS1P and RG7787 with that of the parental A431/H9 cell line. We show that TACE-mutant cells shed 80% less MSLN than A431/H9 cells, that TACE-mutant cells show a 2- to 3-fold increase in MSLN-targeted immunotoxin uptake, and that they are about 5-fold more sensitive to SS1P killing in cell culture. Tumors with reduced shedding respond significantly better to treatment with SS1P and RG7787. Our data show that MSLN shedding is an impediment to the antitumor activity of SS1P and RG7787. Approaches that decrease MSLN shedding could enhance the efficacy of immunotoxins and immunoconjugates targeting MSLN-expressing tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1648–55. ©2016 AACR.
Automated Processing of Oceanic Bubble Images for Measuring Bubble Size Distributions underneath Breaking Waves
Authors: Al-Lashi Raied S. , Gunn Steve R. , Czerski Helen
Published: May 2016

Accurate in situ measurements of oceanic bubble size distributions beneath breaking waves are needed for a better understanding of air–sea gas transfer and aerosol production processes. To achieve this goal, a novel high-resolution optical instrument for imaging oceanic bubbles was designed and built in 2013 for the High Wind Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS) campaign in the North Atlantic Ocean. The instrument is able to operate autonomously and can continuously capture high-resolution images at 15 frames per second over an 8-h deployment. The large number of images means that it is essential to use an automated processing algorithm to process these images. This paper describes an automated algorithm for processing oceanic images based on a robust feature extraction technique. The main advantages of this robust algorithm are it is significantly less sensitive to the noise and insusceptible to the background changes in illumination, can extract circular bubbles as small as one pixel (approximately 20 μm) in radius accurately, has low computing time (approximately 5 seconds per image), and is simple to implement. The algorithm was successfully used to analyze a large number of images (850 000 images) from deployment in the North Atlantic Ocean as part of the HiWinGS campaign in 2013.
First Cultivation of Health-Associated Tannerella sp. HOT-286 (BU063)
Authors: Vartoukian S.R. , Moazzez R.V. , Paster B.J. , Dewhirst F.E. , Wade W.G.
Published: May 2016

Despite significant advances in recent years in culture-independent molecular microbiology methods, the detailed study of individual bacterial species still relies on having pure cultures in the laboratory. Yet, more than a third of the approximately 700 bacterial taxa found in the human oral cavity are as yet uncultivated in vitro. One such taxon, Tannerella sp. HOT-286 (phylotype BU063), is the focus of much interest since it is associated with periodontal health, while Tannerella forsythia, its closest phylogenetic neighbor, is strongly associated with periodontal disease. HOT-286, however, has remained uncultivated despite the efforts of several research groups, spanning over a decade. The aim of this study was to cultivate Tannerella sp. HOT-286. A heavily diluted sample of subgingival plaque was inoculated onto culture plates supplemented with siderophores (pyoverdines-Fe complex or desferricoprogen) or a neat plaque suspension. After 8 d of anaerobic incubation, microcolonies and colonies showing satellitism were passaged onto fresh culture plates cross-streaked with potential helper strains or onto cellulose-acetate membranes placed over lawn cultures of helper strains. Subcultured colonies were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and purity was confirmed by sequencing 20 clones per library prepared from a single colony. Three colonies of interest (derived from pyoverdines- and plaque-supplemented plates) were identified as Tannerella sp. HOT-286. The isolates were found to be incapable of independent growth, requiring helpers such as Propionibacterium acnes and Prevotella intermedia for stimulation, with best growth on membranes over “helper” lawns. A representative isolate was subjected to phenotypic characterization and found to produce a range of glycosidic and proteolytic enzymes. Further comparison of this novel “periodontal health-associated” taxon with T. forsythia will be valuable in investigating virulence factors of the latter and possible health benefits of the former.
“Try Walking in Our Shoes”
Authors: Zamboanga Byron L. , Ham Lindsay S. , Tomaso Cara C. , Audley Shannon , Pole Nnamdi
Published: May 2016

In this article, we describe several role-playing exercises on acculturation and relevant cultural adjustment processes that we incorporated into Tomcho and Foel’s classroom activity on acculturation, and we report data that examine subsequent changes in students’ responses on pretest and posttest measures shortly after the activity and present qualitative themes derived from students’ reflections taken from an assignment at the end of the semester. We found no increases in students’ perceptions that role-playing can help them gain a better understanding of acculturation. However, there were increases in students’ awareness that acculturation is a real-world phenomenon, their understanding of how acculturation can impact people’s lives, and their sensitivity and empathy for people who face some of the challenges associated with acculturation, even after controlling for students’ pretest level of interest in cultural issues. Furthermore, thematic analyses indicated that students learned some of the challenges associated with acculturation and were able to label personal experiences associated with acculturation. They also gained concrete knowledge about and in-depth realization of the concept of acculturation. Instructors who teach psychology classes can use this exercise to complement traditional methods of teaching.
Design of an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding model control method for a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Xu Bo , Shi Guoding , Ji Wei , Liu Feiyu , Ding Shihong , Zhu Huangqiu
Published: May 2016

This paper presents an adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller for a bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to rapidly converge state variables associated with terminal sliding mode control, an adaptive variable-rated exponential reaching law, in which the L1 norm of state variables is introduced, is proposed for the second-order uncertain nonlinear dynamical system. Exponential and constant reaching speed can adaptively adjust according to the distance between state variable and equilibrium point, which can shorten the reaching time and weaken system chattering. The mathematical models for rotating speed and the rotor radial displacement of the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor system are set up. The proposed method is then applied to the speed and radial displacement control. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Barriers and Promoters to Participation in the Era of Shared Treatment Decision-Making
Authors: McCarter Sarah P. , Tariman Joseph D. , Spawn Nadia , Mehmeti Enisa , Bishop-Royse Jessica , Garcia Ima , Hartle Lisa , Szubski Katharine
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to identify the barriers and promoters for participation in cancer treatment decision in the era of shared decision-making (SDM) process. A qualitative design was utilized. Nineteen nurses and 11 nurse practitioners from oncology inpatient and outpatient settings participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. The findings include practice barrier, patient barrier, institutional policy barrier, professional barrier, scope of practice barrier, insurance coverage barrier, and administrative barrier. Multidisciplinary team approach, having a nursing voice during SDM, high level of knowledge of the disease and treatment, and personal valuation of SDM participation were perceived as promoters. Oncology nurses and nurse practitioners face many barriers to their participation during SDM. Organizational support and system-wide culture of SDM are essential to achieve better cancer treatment decisions outcome. Additional studies are needed to determine the factors that can promote more participation among nurses and nurse practitioners.
Combined transcervical and thoracoscopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma resection
Authors: Siddiqi Mohammad Salman , Al Badai Yahya , Al Kemyani Nasser A , Al Kindi Adil H
Published: May 2016

The routine approach for excision of a parathyroid adenoma is transcervical, but this approach is inadequate when the gland is located in the mediastinum. Traditionally, these cases have required a sternotomy or thoracotomy. We used a combined transcervical and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach to resect a parathyroid adenoma that extended to the middle mediastinum.
Pheochromocytoma in Old World Primates (Macaca mulatta and Chlorocebus aethiops)
Authors: Colgin L. M. A. , Schwahn D. J. , Castillo-Alcala F. , Kiupel M. , Lewis A. D.
Published: May 2016

Pheochromocytoma, a rarely reported adrenal gland neoplasm in Old World primates, was diagnosed in 5 rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) and 2 African green monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops) from 3 research institutions. Age and sex were available for 6 primates. Two males and 4 females were affected, ranging in age from 9 to 31 years. All neoplasms were unilateral and, in the cases reporting the affected gland, 4 involved the right adrenal gland and 2 involved the left. Diagnosis was established by characteristic histologic features. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells in all cases expressed chromogranin A and met-enkephalin and were negative for melan-A and inhibin. Six of 7 tumors were positive for β-endorphin. Pulmonary metastases were present in 2 rhesus macaques and portal vein invasion in 1 African green monkey. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of malignant pheochromocytoma in Old World primates.
UK Views toward Breastfeeding in Public
Authors: Morris Cecile , Zaraté de la Fuente Gustavo A. , Williams Claire E.T. , Hirst Craig
Published: May 2016

Background:

The embarrassment that UK mothers experience when breastfeeding in public has often been cited as a key factor in the decision of the mother to discontinue breastfeeding. There is convincing evidence that many UK residents are not comfortable with women breastfeeding in public; however, little is known about the underlying reasons for this discomfort.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess views on breastfeeding in public in the United Kingdom and to understand why some UK residents object to this practice.

Methods:

The comments sections of news media websites and parenting forums were systematically identified and reviewed for statements made in response to an incident widely reported in the British press: a woman was asked to cover up while breastfeeding in public at Claridge’s, a London luxury hotel. Of these, 805 comments (73 108 words) met the inclusion criteria and were thematically analyzed.

Results:

The majority of commenters were supportive of “discreet” breastfeeding in public, but a significant portion felt that breastfeeding in public is always inappropriate. Sexualization of the breast was mainly evoked as something others may experience while viewing a breastfeeding mother, rather than to reflect the commenters’ own views. Common justifications cited against breastfeeding in public were onlookers’ embarrassment (not knowing where to look) and disgust (at bodily fluids and/or functions).

Conclusion:

Campaigns portraying breastfeeding in public as normal and desirable with a focus on human milk as food rather than a bodily fluid may improve societal acceptance of breastfeeding in public.
New Novel Treatment Approaches for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Patel Shreya , Veltri Keith
Published: May 2016

Despite availability of standardized drug therapies with proven beneficial outcomes, heart failure is associated with poor quality of life, increased hospital readmission, and high mortality rate. In the recent years, comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure has led to the development and approval of 2 new pharmacological agents, sacubitril–valsartan and ivabradine. These agents are currently approved for use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and present as novel approaches to further improve prognosis and outcomes in patients with HF. They offer alternative treatment options for patients who are intolerant or continue to be symptomatic despite utilization of standard HF drug therapies at optimally tolerated dosages. A review of these 2 novel agents in HFrEF, including information on pivotal trials that led to its approval and its place in therapy for HFrEF, is presented.
Child participatory research methods: Attempts to go ‘deeper’
Authors: Horgan Deirdre
Published: May 2016

Along with the growth of child participatory research an increased focus on its complexity, specifically unaddressed power inequities in the research relationship and unreflexive use of methods, has developed. This article discusses a participatory research project with children in Ireland and reflects on attempts to achieve deeper participation through the use of children and youth advisory groups, mixed visual and discursive group methods. It argues that overly paternalistic frameworks adopted by ethical review bodies can hamper participatory research with children.
An investigation on modeling and compensation of synthetic geometric errors on large machine tools based on moving least squares method
Authors: Li Zihan , Feng Wenlong , Yang Jianguo , Huang Yiqiao
Published: May 2016

This article intends to provide an efficient modeling and compensation method for the synthetic geometric errors of large machine tools. Analytical and experimental examinations were carried out on a large gantry-type machine tool to study the spatial geometric error distribution within the machine workspace. The result shows that the position accuracy of the tool-tip is affected by all the translational axes synchronously, and the position error curve shape is non-linear and irregular. Moreover, the angular error combined with Abbe’s offset during the motion of a translational axis would cause Abbe’s error and generate significant influence on the spatial positioning accuracy. In order to identify the combined effect of the individual error component on the tool-tip position accuracy, a synthetic geometric error model is established for the gantry-type machine tool. Also, an automatic modeling algorithm is proposed to approximate the geometric error parameters based on moving least squares in combination with Chebyshev polynomials, and it could approximate the irregular geometric error curves with high-order continuity and consistency with a low-order basis function. Then, to implement real-time error compensation on large machine tools, an intelligent compensation system is developed based on the fast Ethernet data interaction technique and external machine origin shift, and experiment validations on the gantry-type machine tool showed that the position accuracy could be improved by 90% and the machining precision could be improved by 85% after error compensation.
The myth about dead volume in Stirling engines
Authors: Gschwendtner Michael , Bell George
Published: May 2016

The effect of dead volume on the power output and efficiency of an alpha-Stirling engine is investigated in the form of an exploratory parameter study using the third-order simulation software Sage. This paper aims at identifying the underlying mechanisms in order to better understand the resulting design implications of this phenomenon that is in clear contradiction to what can be found in the literature. It turns out that additional ‘passive’ dead volume that does not even take part in the heat transfer processes leads to a phase shift of the pressure, resulting in increased pV-work output, especially at lower heat source temperatures. Of even greater significance, dead volume has a positive effect on the efficiency at lower heat source temperatures by reducing the temperature swing in the heat exchangers and by bringing the gas temperatures closer to the wall temperatures of the respective heat exchangers, and thus increasing the effective temperature difference. Furthermore, to a large extent the beneficial effects of dead volume can also be achieved by changing the phase angle.
Within the heart’s darkness: The role of emotions in Arendt’s political thought
Authors: Degerman Dan
Published: May 2016

Interest in the political relevance of the emotions is growing rapidly. In light of this, Hannah Arendt’s claim that the emotions are apolitical has come under renewed fire. But many critics have misunderstood her views on the relationship between individuals, emotions and the political. This paper addresses this issue by reconstructing the conceptual framework through which Arendt understands the emotions. Arendt often describes the heart – where the emotions reside – as a place of darkness. I begin by tracing this metaphor through her work to demonstrate that it is meant to convey the inherently uncertain nature of emotions rather than a devaluation of them. I proceed to challenge the notion that Arendt adopts the Enlightenment dichotomy between reason and emotion. In fact, she rejects both as a basis for politics. However, she does identify some constructive roles for the emotions. I argue that fear is intrinsically connected to courage – the principal political virtue – in Arendt’s philosophy. In light of my discussion, I then reinterpret the role of compassion and pity in On Revolution, concluding that Arendt’s insights can help us avoid the potential pitfalls of the contemporary project to recuperate the emotions in politics.
Examining the Correlates of Online Health Information–Seeking Behavior Among Men Compared With Women
Authors: Nikoloudakis Irene A. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Rebar Amanda L. , Schoeppe Stephanie , Alley Stephanie , Duncan Mitch J. , Short Camille E.
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to identify and compare the demographic, health behavior, health status, and social media use correlates of online health-seeking behaviors among men and women. Cross-sectional self-report data were collected from 1,289 Australian adults participating in the Queensland Social Survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the correlates of online health information seeking for men and women. Differences in the strength of the relation of these correlates were tested using equality of regression coefficient tests. For both genders, the two strongest correlates were social media use (men: odds ratio [ OR] = 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.78, 3.71]; women: OR = 2.93, 95% CI [1.92, 4.45]) and having a university education (men: OR = 3.63, 95% CI [2.37, 5.56]; women: OR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.66, 4.51]). Not being a smoker and being of younger age were also associated with online health information seeking for both men and women. Reporting poor health and the presence of two chronic diseases were positively associated with online health seeking for women only. Correlates of help seeking online among men and women were generally similar, with exception of health status. Results suggest that similar groups of men and women are likely to access health information online for primary prevention purposes, and additionally that women experiencing poor health are more likely to seek health information online than women who are relatively well. These findings are useful for analyzing the potential reach of online health initiatives targeting both men and women.
The East Asian age-friendly cities promotion – Taiwan’s experience and the need for an oriental paradigm
Authors: Chao Tzuyuan Stessa , Huang Huiwen
Published: May 2016

It is the consensus that the rapid increase of the ageing population has become a global phenomenon. In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) advanced a handbook called Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide. The core concept of the age-friendly cities (AFC) movement is ‘active ageing’. Taiwan became one of the few Asian countries that initially responded to the WHO AFC movement in 2010. Following the guidance set by the WHO, Taiwan began its promotion at a national level, and with local authorities. However, during the advocacy process, the fundamental differences between Eastern and Western cultures in terms of family values and deep-rooted respect for the elderly have raised an awareness of the need for an oriental paradigm. This paper identifies three key elements for AFC promotion in East Asian countries based on an analysis of Taiwan’s experience: during needs assessment take collectivism into consideration, during action plans at the community level community leaders’ views will be more important (particularism), and when promoting AFC at the institutional level a top-down approach will be more acceptable (high power distance concept).
School Nurses’ Role in Helping Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders
Authors: AlAzzam Manar , Suliman Mohammad , ALBashtawy Mohammed
Published: May 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifaceted disease characterized by core symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, affecting children across every socioeconomic and ethnic group. An estimated 40% to 60% of children with ADHD have comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and learning disabilities. School nurses must be an integral part of the process of increasing awareness about ADHD through improving the service delivery model for affected children and their families. There is a solid foundation of research on which they can build to improve the benefits through study, workshops, community programs, and national screening programs.
Endovascular stent-graft repair of spontaneous aorto-caval fistula secondary to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: An emergency management of hostile anatomy
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Wang Haofu
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

Although endovascular aneurysm repair of aorto-caval fistula offers a safe and efficient approach compared to traditional open repair, endovascular techniques for the treatment of aorto-caval fistula with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in emergency circumstance are not well established. This study aims to evaluate the effect of endovascular repair of aorto-caval fistula of a patient with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and hostile anatomy.

Methods:

we report a case of an aorto-caval fistula endovascular repaired in a 78-year-old male using a hybrid stent-graft technique.

Results:

The patient had an uneventful recovery and CTA follow up showed no sign of ACF or any endoleak.

Conclusion:

This case highlights ACF might be managed by composite endograft implantation with careful and solid sealing of anchoring zones on the two sides.
Intersectional Race Effects on Citizen-Reported Traffic Ticket Decisions by Police in 1999 and 2008
Authors: Gilliard-Matthews Stacia
Published: May 2016

Do the intersections between officer race and driver race/ethnicity influence the frequency in citizens’ reports of receiving a traffic ticket during a routine traffic stop in 1999 and 2008? To fully grasp the importance of traffic ticket outcomes, we must first understand how extralegal factors, particularly the intersections between officer race–driver race/ethnicity and the number of vehicle occupants, impact these outcomes. Thus, the current study utilizes the 1999 and 2008 Police–Public Contact Survey to assess the relationship between extralegal factors and traffic ticket receipt during routine traffic stops. Findings illustrate that according to citizens’ reports, extralegal factors, including the intersections between officer race–driver race/ethnicity and the number of vehicle occupants, differentially impact traffic ticket receipt in both the years.
Tensions of Health
Authors: Tang Lu , Baker Jane S. , Meadows Cui Zhang
Published: May 2016

This article examines dialectical tensions in the health narratives of participants of the Employee Wellness Program (EWP) of a large public university in the southeastern United States. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 12) with team leaders in the program indicated that health is a multifaceted concept characterized by three pairs of dialectical tensions: autonomy versus connection, private versus public, and control versus lack of control. These findings suggest that to better promote health and wellness in the workplace, EWP staff should consider employees’ unique experiences and beliefs about health when designing organization-wide programs and campaigns.
The Mother and Child Health Handbook in Japan as a Health Promotion Tool
Authors: Takeuchi Jiro , Sakagami Yu , Perez Romana C.
Published: May 2016

Background. The Mother and Child Health Handbook (MCHH), a tool used by almost all parents in Japan, serves as a record book shared by parents and health providers to monitor maternal health care throughout the perinatal period, track the child’s health and growth, and provide educational information. Methods. A review of the existing literature was performed by narrative review using electronic databases with the search term “Maternal and Child Health Handbook” from January 1980 to February 2016. Results. Twenty-eight papers were obtained: 3 review articles, 17 original articles, 2 brief reports, 2 letters, 1 research note, and 3 proceedings. After the MCHH was initiated in 1947, Japan’s infant mortality rate decreased to 2.6 per 1000 live births in 2007, and it is still decreasing. Information recorded in the MCHH at antenatal examinations can be used to evaluate a child’s risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disease, mental illness, and infectious disease. Utah’s Department of Health implemented a program called “Baby Your Baby” in 1987 based on the Japanese MCHH; this included a similar booklet with family records and educational information. Thus, the MCHH is a unique tool in Japan that has influenced other countries to adopt similar programs. Conclusion. We will confirm the importance of the MCHH’s role in promoting health and open dialogue.
Serum enzyme monitoring in training of elite athletes in endurance sports
Authors: Рыбина  , Rybina I.
Published: May 2016

The article presents the results of serum enzymes study in endurance sports. 311 elite athletes were investigated in swimming, biathlon, cycling, cross country skiing, rowing and kayaking. Capillary blood examination was performed on training camps during ten years. We included in statistical analysis 6950 CK tests, 5904 - AST and 5667- ALT. They were analyzed depending on kind of sport, training stage preparation and gender. The physiological serum enzyme ranges of elite athletes were estimated in view of sport, gender differences and stage of preparation. Serum enzyme activity trend was found in endurance sports at various preparation stages of the annual cycle of training. The high individual variation of CK activity was in endurance sports (variation coefficient 65,0-102,9% for men and 44,0-128,8% for women). It revealed the significantly higher CK activity in men compared to women. The trend of CK activity decrease was found from preparatory to competitive period. We examined the excess frequency enzyme activity higher upper limit of reference ranges for healthy individuals. It was 29,0% for CK, 23,2% - AST and 9,3% - ALT.
The protective ways of the body from cell damage at the diabetes mellitus
Authors: Макишева  , Makisheva R.
Published: May 2016

Recognition hyperinsulinemia as the root cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming more supporters. The overload nutrition cell and insulin resistance is developing as a result of hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance is not the only one protection mechanism. Functional system to limited excessive insulin action includes other mechanisms. This review describes the reactions that develop in the tissues in diabetic patients and their relationship with excessive exposure to insulin. Negative feedback mechanism under excessive stimulation of insulin action includes action contrainsular hormones, no β-cell response on increasing the glucose in the extracellular medium, reduction of C-peptide, induction of β-cell apoptosis. The compensation mechanisms includes the restriction of consumption of substances and flow of information, the redirecting excess in the adi-pose tissue, the glycogen synthesis and the activation of kinase-3 synthase glycogen. The conditions GI insulin is able to bind and activate receptors IGF-type 1 to a greater extent than insulin receptors. At diabetes the repro-duction, the growth and the differentiation of cells are accelerated, leading to tumor growth, the accumulation of senescent cells. The depletion and reduction of telomerase activity in diabetes mellitus also have an adaptive value. Contact with receptors undifferentiated cells caused by their high sensitivity and low capacity for insulin resistance, operates referral mechanism power is the same as for obesity. Young cells of functionally active or-gans die, some cells accelerate differentiation and less active peripheral located in hypoxic conditions, may be-come cancerous. The author believes that the growth of tumors after intensive treatment of diabetes is associated with excess insulin action.
The landscape of websites for art education and a portrait of their designers
Authors: Wang Tingting Windy
Published: May 2016

The increasing visit numbers for art teaching and learning-related websites indicated that websites have become an indispensible resource and information provider for art learners and teachers. In this study, I sought answers to questions such as what websites were art learners and teachers using? What technologies were used by these websites? Who built these websites? Why did they build these websites? What expectations did these website builders have for their audiences? I shared over 70 art teaching and learning-related websites, and had 33 of them evaluated by 57 research participants using a seven-part coding scheme. On the basis of the evaluation survey results, I interviewed four website builders/owners. The top-rated websites were shared and discussed, focusing on website builders’ motivations, overall purposes, their expectations towards the websites, as well as their technological applications in their websites.
Capturing Crimp’s soundscape
Authors: Angel-Perez Elisabeth
Published: May 2016

In this age of post-dramaticity that does away with such definitional concepts as conflict or fiction on a mimetic stage, Martin Crimp relocates ‘drama’ (action, conflict) within language itself. The translator’s challenge consists in fleshing out the materiality of sound and in capturing the dramaticity of the form as it is reinvented in musicality and in the underground activity of an often gendered lexis. Lacan’s concept of ‘moterialism’ as well as Roland Barthes’s ‘signifiance’ of language will be helpful concepts both for a theoretical investigation and for addressing the practical translation challenges. French director Marc Paquien’s metaphorical use of Chaillot’s monumental staircase and Hubert Colas’s expressionistic white balloons in their productions of Fewer Emergencies will help us visualize what is at stake in Crimp’s language and confirm the impression of contained semantic plenitude I could sense and analyse both as Crimp’s translator and as an academic.
Adapting Greek tragedy during the War on Terror: Martin Crimp’s Cruel and Tender
Authors: Cole Emma
Published: May 2016

When contemporary playwrights adapt ancient tragedy they often distance themselves from their source, claiming that their adaptations are stand-alone plays that do not evince a complex relationship with the classical material. Martin Crimp differs remarkably from this, and is on record stating that Cruel and Tender, his adaptation of Sophocles’ Trachiniae, not only recalls the original’s structure, but also engages with its metrical patterns. In this article I build upon Crimp’s invitation to consider the two plays in dialogue by exploring Crimp’s interpretation of Sophocles’ Herakles figure, and the representation of this character in Luc Bondy’s 2004 production of the play. I argue that Crimp’s adaptation sheds light upon the performance dynamics of Sophocles’ lyrics and can help clarify debates over the text. In addition, I posit that Cruel and Tender can contribute to scholarship on the connection between combat trauma and Greek tragedy. By examining two of the ways that analysing Cruel and Tender can transform our understanding of Trachiniae, I demonstrate how practitioner readings of the classics can provide insight into debates over dramaturgical uncertainties in ancient tragedy, and the means through which these can be clarified in performance.
Martin Crimp’s translations of Marivaux’s The Triumph of Love and The False Servant: Capturing the essence of marivaudage in English
Authors: Poncharal Bruno
Published: May 2016

This article examines how Martin Crimp manages to capture Marivaux’s art of dialogue in his translations into English of La Fausse Suivante and Le Triomphe de l’amour. It is focused on the function of repetition, identified as a central device in the construction of the Marivaudian dialogue and its handling by Crimp in English. In maintaining a dense network of repetitions, Crimp attempts to recreate the rhythm and tempo characteristic of marivaudage, while reinforcing the dramatic impact of the dialogue. He also aims to make the often opaque meaning of the original more directly accessible, partly by resorting to a more concrete and factual vocabulary, partly by disentangling the syntactic complexities characteristic of Marivaux’s style. Reading Crimp’s translations, one may even feel that the basic mechanisms at work in marivaudage become more easily identifiable.
How not to do things with words: On conceptions of language and freedom of speech
Authors: Schaumburg-Müller Sten
Published: May 2016

J.S. Mill’s On Liberty often serves as a point of reference as his defense constitutes a convincing argument for the advantages of freedom of speech. However, there are some unsolved problems also. 1) He does not get law right, and 2) he explicitly excludes the benefits of freedom of speech for “those backward states of society in which the race itself may be considered as in its nonage”. This approach suggests a connection between liberalism and racism, but leaving that aside there is still an issue relating to the universality of any conception of freedom of speech. 3) Mill assumes a discussion model for all freedom of speech issues and he cannot cope with e. g. commercial or political activities directed at influencing the opinions of others. 4) Mill presupposes a notion of language as being nothing but forwarding of propositions. Mill’s view fits nicely with the conception of freedom of speech e. g. in the French 1789 Declaration, Art. 11, but it is an insufficient, if not entirely misconceived understanding of language. Thus, Gottlob Frege has pointed to the distinction between reference and meaning (Sinn) and J.L. Austin has also pointed out that we are always doing something while we speak. The interesting questions are whether such improved understanding of language has any bearings on the idea of freedom of speech and to what extent it may assist in drawing the difficult line between protected freedom of speech and criminal actions – an obviously important distinction which the French Declaration was unable to handle.
The Safety-to-Autonomy Curve: An Incremental Approach to Introducing Automation to the Workforce
Authors: Theobald Daniel , Heger Frederik
Published: May 2016

An explicit focus on safety first can help accelerate the adoption of robotics and intelligent automation technology across many sectors of the economy. The safety-to-autonomy approach to introducing automation in the workplace provides a glide path that allows businesses to leverage the benefits of new technology at the pace they are comfortable with and that they can sustain, while realizing return on investment from day one. The transition to large-scale adoption of intelligent automation starts with sensorized industrial equipment that provides active safety features to immediately curb accident rates. They continuously collect data and model how humans use them in existing processes. As businesses become comfortable with these augmented machines, additional autonomous functionality can be enabled incrementally, supported by the information learned from observing human operators over time. Focusing on safety can provide the glide path for businesses to embrace the robot revolution across all sectors.
Dynamic Metrology Performance Measurement of a Six Degrees-of-Freedom Tracking System Used in Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Bostelman Roger , Falco Joseph , Shah Mili , Hong Hong Tsai
Published: May 2016

Multi-camera motion capture systems are commercially available and typically are used in the entertainment industry to track human motions for video gaming and movies. These systems are proving useful as ground truth measurement systems to assess the performance of robots, autonomous ground vehicles, and assembly tasks in smart manufacturing. In order to be used as ground truth, the accuracy of the motion capture system must be at least ten times better than a given system under test. This chapter creates an innovate artifact and test method to measure the accuracy of a given motion capture system. These measurements will then be used to assess the performance of the motion capture system and validate that it can be used as ground truth. The motion capture system will then serve as ground truth for evaluating the performance of an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) with an onboard robot arm (mobile manipulator) and for evaluating the performance of robotic workstation assembly tasks that utilize robot arms and hands.
A population‐based temporal logic gate for timing and recording chemical events
Authors: Hsiao Victoria , Hori Yutaka , Rothemund Paul WK , Murray Richard M
Published: May 2016

Engineered bacterial sensors have potential applications in human health monitoring, environmental chemical detection, and materials biosynthesis. While such bacterial devices have long been engineered to differentiate between combinations of inputs, their potential to process signal timing and duration has been overlooked. In this work, we present a two‐input temporal logic gate that can sense and record the order of the inputs, the timing between inputs, and the duration of input pulses. Our temporal logic gate design relies on unidirectional DNA recombination mediated by bacteriophage integrases to detect and encode sequences of input events. For an E. coli strain engineered to contain our temporal logic gate, we compare predictions of Markov model simulations with laboratory measurements of final population distributions for both step and pulse inputs. Although single cells were engineered to have digital outputs, stochastic noise created heterogeneous single‐cell responses that translated into analog population responses. Furthermore, when single‐cell genetic states were aggregated into population‐level distributions, these distributions contained unique information not encoded in individual cells. Thus, final differentiated sub‐populations could be used to deduce order, timing, and duration of transient chemical events.
PERANAN INFLASI, BI RATE, KURS DOLLAR (USD/IDR) DALAM MEMPENGARUHI INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (IHSG)
Authors: Listriono Kukuh , Nuraina Elva
Published: May 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai Pengaruh Tingkat Inflasi, BI Rate, Kurs Dollar (USD/IDR) terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). IHSG merupakan salah satu indeks yang sering diperhatikan investor ketika berinvestasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin meneliti lebih dalam mengenai faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap IHSG. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan data closing price bulanan dari tingkat inflasi, BI RATE, Kurs USD/IDR dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) periode Januari 2006 sampai Desember 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh yang mana semua populasi dijadikan sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel Tingkat Inflasi, BI Rate dan Kurs Dollar (USD/IDR) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG). Pengujian secara simultan variabel Tingkat Inflasi, BI Rate dan Kurs Dollar (USD/IDR) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG).
HOW PERFORMANCE OF JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) STOCKS RELATIVE TO OTHER STOCKS?
Authors: Listyaningsih Erna , Krishnamurti Chandrasekhar
Published: May 2016

This study was conducted to assess the performance of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) stocks and also investigate whether there was an ethical effect (JII selection restriction) and compare it with non-Sharia stocks. The main model used in this study was the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) single index model extended to the Fama and French three factors. This study employs elaborate matching data. The data used in this study was split into two periods: the 2005-2007 periods which consists of two groups: JII and non-JII and the 2008-2012 periods which consists of three groups: JII, Sharia and non-Sharia based on industry sector. This study found that basically there was no difference on performance between JII and non-JII stocks. Therefore, this result supports the previous studies in which there were no significant differences between Sharia and conventional investment.
In touch with your feminine side: how oestrogen metabolism impacts prostate cancer
Authors: Rahman Habibur P , Hofland Johannes , Foster Paul A
Published: May 2016

Prostate cancer is the primary cancer in males, with increasing global incidence rates making this malignancy a significant healthcare burden. Androgens not only promote normal prostate maturity but also influence the development and progression of prostate cancer. Intriguingly, evidence now suggests endogenous and exogenous oestrogens, in the form of phytoestrogens, may be equally as relevant as androgens in prostate cancer growth. The prostate gland has the molecular mechanisms, catalysed by steroid sulphatase (STS), to unconjugate and utilise circulating oestrogens. Furthermore, prostate tissue also expresses enzymes essential for local oestrogen metabolism, including aromatase (CYP19A1) and 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Increased expression of these enzymes in malignant prostate tissue compared with normal prostate indicates that oestrogen synthesis is favoured in malignancy and thus may influence tumour progression. In contrast to previous reviews, here we comprehensively explore the epidemiological and scientific evidence on how oestrogens impact prostate cancer, particularly focusing on pre-receptor oestrogen metabolism and subsequent molecular action. We analyse how molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in androgen and oestrogen synthesis intertwine to alter prostate tissue. Furthermore, we speculate on whether oestrogen receptor status in the prostate affects progression of this malignancy.
Heterozygote Advantage Is a Common Outcome of Adaptation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sellis Diamantis , Kvitek Daniel J , Dunn Barbara , Sherlock Gavin , Petrov Dmitri A
Published: May 2016

Adaptation in diploids is predicted to proceed via mutations that are at least partially dominant in fitness. Recently, we argued that many adaptive mutations might also be commonly overdominant in fitness. Natural (directional) selection acting on overdominant mutations should drive them into the population but then, instead of bringing them to fixation, should maintain them as balanced polymorphisms via heterozygote advantage. If true, this would make adaptive evolution in sexual diploids differ drastically from that of haploids. The validity of this prediction has not yet been tested experimentally. Here, we performed four replicate evolutionary experiments with diploid yeast populations (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) growing in glucose-limited continuous cultures. We sequenced 24 evolved clones and identified initial adaptive mutations in all four chemostats. The first adaptive mutations in all four chemostats were three copy number variations, all of which proved to be overdominant in fitness. The fact that fitness overdominant mutations were always the first step in independent adaptive walks supports the prediction that heterozygote advantage can arise as a common outcome of directional selection in diploids and demonstrates that overdominance of de novo adaptive mutations in diploids is not rare.
Instrucción Ortopédica de Posgrado - Imágenes Nº 3 (1º parte)
Authors: Ghisi Juan Pablo , Ghioldi Marcelo
Published: May 2016

Instrucción Ortopédica de Posgrado - Imágenes Nº 3 (1º parte)
El comercio de León en Europa (1986-2011): pasado, presente y ¿futuro?
Authors: Vázquez Burguete José Luis , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Pablo
Published: May 2016

La actividad comercial ha experimentado sustanciales transformaciones en los últimos tiempos, tanto en cuanto a pluralidad como a diversidad de formas y establecimientos. En tal sentido, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la evolución de las formas comerciales en la Provincia de León durante el período de referencia 1986-2011, así como la evolución del número de locales destinados a esta actividad en comparación con el total nacional.
Dicho análisis sugiere que, si bien el comercio sigue siendo uno de los sectores con un mayor peso relativo en la actividad productiva provincial, las recientes transformaciones han llevado a una prevalencia de los grandes formatos y competidores. Al mismo tiempo, el pequeño y mediano comercio se ha visto abocado a una difícil situación, y sus posibilidades de supervivencia pasan por una mayor especialización y fidelización de la clientela mediante el buen trato y una oferta de productos con buena relación calidad-precio. En tal sentido, el uso de nuevas tecnologías resulta una herramienta fundamental para que los pequeños y medianos comerciantes puedan ampliar su mercado más allá de las fronteras locales.

The commercial activity has undergone dramatic changes in recent times, both in terms of plurality and the variety of forms and establishments. In this sense, this paper aims analyzing the evolution of the commercial forms in the Province of Leon during the reference period 1986-2011, as well as the evolution of the number of establishments devoted to this activity compared to the national figures.
Such analysis suggests that, even when trade remains as one of the sectors with a greater relative weight in the productive activity of the Province, recent changes have led to a prevalence of large formats and competitors. At the same time, small and medium retailers have been engaged in a difficult situation, and their survival chances imply a greater specialization and encouraging customer loyalty through good treatment and supplying good-value products. In this regard, the use of new technologies appears as an essential tool for small and medium retailers to expand their target markets beyond local borders.