bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La lente émergence de l’idée de conversion écologique dans le monde catholique
Authors: Euvé François
Published: September 2022

L’encyclique Laudato si’ invite à une « conversion écologique ». D’autres textes magistériels l’avaient précédée dans cette voie, marquant ce qu’Adolphe Gesché avait qualifié de « tournant cosmocentrique », par contraste au « tournant anthropocentrique » (Karl Rahner), caractéristique de Vatican II. Ce double tournant explique pourquoi, en dépit de signaux précoces alertant sur la dégradation de l’environnement et sur la responsabilité humaine, le monde catholique a perçu plus tardivement que le monde protestant la nécessité d’un changement d’attitude. En outre, cela pose la question de la place de l’humain au sein du monde selon le dessein créateur de Dieu. Parler de « conversion » suppose un retournement ou un décentrement vers Dieu, mais un Dieu qui confère à chaque créature une « valeur propre ».
Restauration et transformation
Authors: Artinian-Kaiser Rebecca , Kremer Robert , Griffin-Kremer Cozette
Published: September 2022

L’article s’interroge sur les pratiques de restauration d’environnements dégradés et se concentre sur les tensions inhérentes à cette pratique. La question se pose en particulier de définir le rôle et la fonction de la personne humaine dans l’histoire. En s’inspirant des thématiques de résurrection qui caractérisent la restauration et la transformation, l’auteure plaide en faveur d’une approche restauratrice qui, d’une part, reconnaît la valeur des écosystèmes de jadis et, d’autre part, ouvre un espace pour une action qui va au-delà d’un simple retour au passé et vise à répondre de manière créative aux défis environnementaux du présent, avec sagesse et amour.
De quel genre de pensée a-t-on besoin pour aborder la crise environnementale contemporaine ?
Authors: Howles Timothy , Kremer Robert
Published: September 2022

L’écologie politique contemporaine donne un nouvel infléchissement aux débats environnementaux qui risquent, sinon, de rester bloqués dans un paradigme réducteur et moderniste. Il est intéressant de noter que cette nouvelle écologie politique s’inspire de plus en plus du langage et de concepts théologiques, en particulier dans l’œuvre de Bruno Latour. Le présent article explore les raisons pour lesquelles il en est ainsi et quelle contribution cette approche peut apporter. L’écologie politique assigne un rôle à la religion en ce que celle-ci génère le genre de conversion aux valeurs humaines qui s’avèrent nécessaires pour une véritable transformation sociétale. En procédant ainsi, l’écologie politique pourrait même être considérée comme un partenaire de dialogue (surprenant) pour la théologie catholique et pour des approches de la crise environnementale qui s’appuient plus largement sur la tradition de l’enseignement social catholique.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Racism, and Sleep Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Hao , Dong Fanghong , Cui Naixue
Published: September 2022

The current study aimed to investigate Chinese immigrants' sleep quality and associations between the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic's impact and racism and sleep disruption using a cross-sectional online survey. A total of 507 Chinese immigrants were recruited via social network sites. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The pandemic's impact and racism were measured using questions developed for this study. More than 42% of participants reported poor sleep quality. Those who reported having been affected by the pandemic had poorer subjective sleep quality, longer sleep latency, and greater daytime dysfunction. Those who experienced racist incidents were more likely to use sleep medication and exhibit poor subjective sleep quality, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction. Chinese immigrants' sleep health warrants particular consideration by health care professionals. Timely, effective interventions, such as relaxation techniques and online psychoeducation, need to be delivered in the Chinese community. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61
(4), 45–51.]
The Influence of Social Media on Adolescent Suicide: Is It All Bad?
Authors: Niles Lauren L.
Published: September 2022

Current daily practices in many emergency departments throughout the United States include providing emergency stabilization and psychiatric care for adolescents presenting with suicidal ideations and attempts. Upon presentation for care, standard nursing practices are to initiate suicide precautions. These precautions include removing all personal items from the patient, including cell phones or other electronic devices and with it, their access to social media. Although many believe this removal gives adolescents a necessary break from their peers and the social pressures associated with adolescence in the 21st century, is this practice supported by current evidence? And does it benefit adolescents, or provide additional psychological stress and anxiety, thus exacerbating their current state of crisis? The current literature review examines these questions and reveals contradictory evidence supporting detrimental and constructive effects of social media removal during adolescent emergency treatment for suicidal behaviors. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61
(4), 12–17.]
Parent-Performed Infant Massage for Improving Parental Mental State Within 18 Months Postpartum: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fan Pu , Zhang Zhongyuan , Liu Yaping , Xiong Ying
Published: September 2022

The aim of the current review was to assess whether parent-performed infant massage (PPIM) could effectively improve the mental state of parents during the postpartum period. Several international electronic databases were thoroughly searched for relevant articles. Included studies observed the influence of PPIM on the mental state of parents of healthy full-term infants within 18 months postpartum or medically stable preterm infants during hospitalization after birth. Nine studies were included, which observed one or more aspects of parental mental state, including depression, anxiety, parental stress, or general mood state. Characteristics of participants, massage protocols, and outcome measures were heterogenous; hence, results regarding the influence of PPIM on parental mental state were inconsistent. Upon further investigation, 10-minute, home-based PPIM for at least 4 weeks is advisable for maternal depression within 5 months postpartum. Moreover, PPIM in a neonatal intensive care unit is advisable for improving the general mood of mothers of preterm infants. Additional methodologically rigorous studies are needed to provide stronger evidence. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61
(4), 52–59.]
Optical and Clinical Outcomes of an Enhanced Monofocal Intraocular Lens for High Hyperopia
Authors: Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Vega Fidel , Guerra-Velasco Raquel , Millán María S. , Madrid-Costa David , Alfonso José F.
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the optical and clinical performance of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (TECNIS Eyhance ICB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision) in patients with high hyperopia and a short axial length.

METHODS:

Power mapping, wavefront analysis, and the through-focus modulation transfer function area (TF-MTFa) were measured in vitro for three IOL powers (10.00, 20.00, and 30.00 diopters [D]). The clinical study included 22 patients with an axial length of less than 22.5 mm. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and binocular defocus curve were evaluated 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

For the three IOL powers, the power mapping revealed an increase in positive power from the periphery to the center of the lens, providing an extra positive correction of 1.00 D for a 2-mm pupil size. The TF-MTFa curves showed only a peak of maximum MTFa at the distance focus. As the pupil size became smaller, there was a focus extension effect, providing an extended depth of focus of up to −1.50 D for a 2-mm pupil size. No significant dependency of the IOL base power on the power profile, wavefront, or optical quality was found. The clinical outcomes showed that all patients achieved a binocular CDVA of 0.1 logMAR or better. The mean visual acuity was better than 0.1 logMAR between +0.50 and −1.50 D of defocus. At a vergence of −2.00 D, the visual acuity was 0.11 ± 0.13 logMAR.

CONCLUSIONS:

The monofocal enhanced IOL provided good distance optical and visual quality and optimal visual acuity up to an intermediate-near vision distance of 50 to 40 cm in patients with high hyperopia and a short axial length.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(9):572–579.]
Cerebral Palsy: Hip Surveillance
Authors: San Juan Angielyn M. , Swaroop Vineeta T.
Published: September 2022

Patients with cerebral palsy are known to be at risk for hip displacement and dislocation. Progressive hip displacement is known to cause a variety of problems including pain, impaired sitting balance, difficulty with perineal care, and decreased quality of life. To avoid these problems, hip reconstruction may be recommended and has been shown to lead to significant improvements in pain and health-related quality of life. To properly identify patients in need of intervention for hip displacement, hip surveillance is an active program consisting of clinical and radiographic monitoring in patients with cerebral palsy that allows for early detection of hip displacement in those at risk. As such, all children with cerebral palsy should be referred for hip surveillance at age 2 years. A growing body of literature has shown that hip surveillance along with appropriate orthopedic management decreases or prevents the incidence of hip dislocations, with direct implications on overall quality of life, in children with cerebral palsy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2022;51(9):e353–e356.]
Decision-Making Ability: A Missing Link Between Health Literacy, Contextual Factors, and Health
Authors: Rüegg René
Published: September 2022

Background:

Health literacy has often been described as an important precondition for good health decisions, healthy behaviors, and health. However, reviews reveal low evidence for intervention effectiveness through health literacy. This result calls for more investigations to be done in the pathway from health literacy to health, considering intermediate outcomes of health literacy.

Objective:

This study explores an important immediate objective of health literacy, namely the decision-making ability (DMA) regarding health issues. The study's hypothesis claims the DMA to be an important mediator between health literacy and health outcomes. Furthermore, the study assumes that the effect of the DMA on different health outcomes is not only contingent on health literacy but also on contextual factors. To test the above hypotheses, six different health literacy dimensions and four health outcomes have been analyzed.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data from the Young Adult Survey Switzerland was used for mediation analyses (
N
= 4, 569, age, 18 to 25 years, all male). Multiple regression and KHB (Karlson, Holm, and Breen) decomposition analyses were applied to estimate mediation effects between health literacy and health outcomes.

Key Results:

Five of six health literacy dimensions explained the DMA in a linear regression model. The coefficients of the DMA explaining health outcomes were substantially reduced when health literacy items were included into the models (6.1%–20.3%). Furthermore, the associations between health literacy and the health outcomes were fully explained by contextual factors, except in the mental health model.

Conclusions:

The results support the hypothesis that higher health literacy levels do not necessarily lead to better health directly. Rather, health literacy is just one of multiple factors contributing to a higher DMA and, further, to favorable health outcomes. The results of this study call for more investigations in the health decision-making process and the role of contextual factors. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(3):e213–e223.

]

Plain Language Summary:

The study investigated the ability to make good health decisions while considering health literacy. The results support the intermediate function of the decision-making ability on the path to favorable health outcomes. Furthermore, it is found that the DMA as well as health literacy are highly contingent on contextual factors. The results shed light into the complex decision-making process regarding health issues.
Identifying Health Literacy Responsiveness Improvement Ideas in Danish Health Centers: Initial Testing of the OS! Approach
Authors: Aaby Anna , Maindal Helle Terkildsen
Published: September 2022

Background:

Health services hold a critical role in mitigating the effect of health literacy challenges. Several tools and approaches have been developed to support health organizations in responding to their target population's health literacy needs. One of these is the OS! approach, which is an adapted and less rigorous version of the Australian Organizational health literacy responsiveness tool (Org-HLR). In this study, we aimed to report on our initial testing of the OS! approach in two Danish health care settings.

Brief description:

The OS! aim to prompt and support the development of local organizational health literacy improvement ideas. The process consists of three consecutive workshops focusing on reflection, self-evaluation, and prioritization. For each workshop tools are provided to support implementation.

Implementation:

The OS! approach was tested in two Danish municipal health centers (Tårnby Health Centre and Frederiksberg Health Centre), where both staff members and leaders took part in the processes (
N
= 62 and
N
= 84). In Tårnby, the process was closely facilitated by the research team, while local managers was in charge of the implementation in Frederiksberg.

Results:

In both settings, the process succeeded in identifying a list of relevant prioritized action ideas aimed at improving local health literacy responsiveness. In both instances, leaders were able to integrate some of these ideas in action plans for the organizations nearby future.

Lessons learned:

We found the OS! approach effective in its aim to identify health literacy responsiveness improvement ideas and based on our experience also less arduous to implement than the Org-HLR. We also learned that good implementation of the OS! approach depends strongly on careful facilitation including thorough introduction of the concepts of health literacy, openness, and creativity in relation to local adaptions within the overall framework of the approach, and the consolidation of consistent leader support throughout the organization. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(3):e232–e238.

]

Plain Language Summary:

This study describes the initial testing of the OS! approach. The OS! approach is based on the Australian methodology “Org-HLR” and use a participatory approach to prompt and support the identification of local health literacy responsiveness improvement ideas in health care organizations. The article provides valuable experiences regarding local development of organizational health literacy in practice.
Comparison of Brainwave Sensors and Mental State Classifiers
Authors: Hiraishi Hironori
Published: September 2022

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been attracting attention as a research topic. BCI has various applications, such as at home and in the medical sector. BCI is an interconnection between the human brain and a computer, which is a communication pathway between external peripheral devices. Brainwave sensors play a significant role when applying BCIs in practice. In this study, data from such sensors are analyzed to classify the mental states of users. This study used two different brainwave sensors: Neurosky MindWave Mobile and Emotiv EPOC+. Several types of machine-learning techniques (support vector machine, random forest, and long short-term memory) have been applied to classify brainwave data. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the two sensors, analyze data, and identify the most accurate machine-learning method. Finally, a BCI toy with MaBeee, which is a battery-type internet-of-things device, was designed as a BCI application that reflected the analysis results.
Tomato leaf diseases recognition based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tian Kai , Zeng Jiefeng , Song Tianci , Li Zhuliu , Evans Asenso , Li Jiuhao
Published: September 2022

Tomato disease control remains a major challenge in the agriculture sector. Early stage recognition of these diseases is critical to reduce pesticide usage and mitigate economic losses. While many research works have been inspired by the success of deep learning in computer vision to improve the performance of recognition systems for crop diseases, few of these studies optimized the deep learning models to generalize their findings to practical use in the field. In this work, we proposed a model for identifying tomato leaf diseases based on both in-house data and public tomato leaf images databases. Three deep learning network architectures (VGG16, Inception_v3, and Resnet50) were trained and tested. We packaged the trained model into an Android application named TomatoGuard to identify nine kinds of tomato leaf diseases and healthy tomato leaf. The results showed that TomatoGuard could be adopted as a model for identifying tomato diseases with a 99% test accuracy, showing significantly better performance compared with APP Plantix, a widely used APP for general purpose plant disease detection.
Unusual direct immunofluorescence (DIF) pattern in pemphigus herpetiformis- A case report
Authors: Kavita Rawat , Sheenam Azad , Neelima Bahal , Jitender Bisht S.
Published: September 2022

Pemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is an autoimmune intraepithelial bullous skin disorder. A 61-year-old female presented with history of multiple pruritic erosions, ulcers all over body, and diffuse loss of hair over scalp. Oral and genital mucosas were uninvolved. Subcorneal separation with suprapapillary thinning of epidermis, neutrophilic spongiosis, and elongation of rete ridges were seen on histopathology. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed IgG deposits in intercellular zone in fish net like pattern and focal linear IgA deposits along basement zone. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) revealed antibodies to desmoglein1 (Dsg-1) positive. A final diagnosis of PH was given. The patient responded well to treatment with dapsone and steroids.
A comparative study between preoperative and postoperative conventional autonomic functions in congenital craniovertebral junction anomalies
Authors: Siroya Hardik L. , Bhat Dhananjaya Ishwar , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Shukla Dhaval P.
Published: September 2022

Background

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is invariably affected by craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies. The usual presentation is sudden after trivial trauma. When symptomatic, most of this autonomic dysfunction is clearly elicited clinically with bedside tests. Nonetheless, ANS functionality in relatively less symptomatic or asymptomatic patients is not known as no studies exist.

Methodology:

We performed a longitudinal prospective study of 40 less symptomatic patients who underwent surgery with conventional autonomic function tests (AFT) in pre- and post-operative periods. Correlation of its association with such anomalies is studied.

Results:

All 40 had both pre- and post-operative clinical follow-up, pre-operative AFT, whereas only 22 patients had follow-up AFT. The mean age for the group was 32 years and male: female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean Nurick's grade was 1.8, whereas Barthel's index was 83.75%. Clinical improvement was seen in almost 98% at follow-up. Orthostatic test showed a significant association with Nurick's grade. Barthel's index was significantly associated with degree of compression. The mean follow-up was 17.4 months. Most conventional AFTs were significantly decreased in the preoperative period (P ≤ 0.01). Both parasympathetic and sympathetic tone improved on follow-up with better improvement later. Overall clinical involvement of ANS was seen in 22.5% whereas subclinical involvement in the form of AFT impairment was seen in 100%.

Conclusion:

There is a definite involvement of subclinical ANS in all patients of CVJ anomalies irrespective of their symptomatology. Knowing the extent of involvement in the preoperative period can help prognosticate, prioritize regarding surgery as well as correlate with the extent of improvement.
How does spinopelvic alignment influence short-term clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion in patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis?
Authors: DiMaria Stephen , Karamian Brian A. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Kanhere Arun P. , Mangan John J. , Yen Winston W. , Maheu Arlene , Qureshi Mahir A. , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye David I. , Woods Barrett I. , Kurd Mark F. , Radcliff Kris E. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: September 2022

Context

Studies on adult spinal deformity have shown spinopelvic malalignment results in worse outcomes. However, it is unclear if this relationship exists in patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) receiving short-segment fusions.

Aims

To determine if spinopelvic alignment affects patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after posterior lumbar decompression and fusion (PLDF) with or without a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with L4-5 DS.

Settings and Design

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients who underwent PLDF for L4-5 DS at a single tertiary referral academic medical center.

Materials and Methods

Patients were divided into groups based on preoperative cutoff values of 20° for pelvic tilt (PT) and 11° for pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) with subsequent reclassification based on correction to <20° PT or 11° PI-LL. Radiographic outcomes and PROMs were compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used

Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine whether radiographic cutoff values served as the independent predictors of change in PROMs. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

A total of 188 patients with completed PROMs were included for the analysis. Preoperative PT >20° was associated with significantly greater reduction in PI-LL (−2.41° vs. 1.21°, P = 0.004) and increase in sacral slope (SS) (1.06° vs. −1.86°, P = 0.005) compared to patients with preoperative PT <20°. On univariate analysis, no significant differences were observed between any groups with regard to PROMs. Preoperative sagittal alignment measures and postoperative correction were not found to be independent predictors of improvement in clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

A preoperative PT >20° is associated with improved PI-LL reduction and an increase in SS. However, no differences in clinical outcomes were found 1 year postoperatively for patients with preoperative PT >20° and PI-LL ≥11° compared to patients below this threshold.
An evaluation of patients with abdominal pain after lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Fried Tristan B. , Tran Khoa , Lambrechts Mark J. , D'Antonio Nicholas D. , Karamian Brian A. , Chu Justin , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: September 2022

Context

Abdominal pain after surgery can occur for numerous reasons. Postoperative radiographs may be indicated to evaluate for ileus or other reasons for the pain. Whether outcomes are significantly different based on whether patients get radiographs following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) are unclear.

Aims:

To investigate the postoperative outcomes of patients experiencing abdominal pain after LLIF.

Settings and Design:

This retrospective cohort study included patients at a tertiary academic medical center and surrounding affiliated hospitals.

Materials and Methods:

Patients >18 years of age who underwent elective LLIF at a single institution were retrospectively identified. Patients were stratified into two groups depending on whether they received a postoperative abdominal radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan for postoperative abdominal pain.

Statistical Analysis:

Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were compared between groups utilizing independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U-tests for continuous variables or Pearson's Chi-square tests for categorical variables.

Results:

A total of 153 patients (18 with abdominal scans, 135 without) were included. Patients who received a postoperative abdominal radiograph or CT scan were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy (11.1% vs. 0.00%, P = 0.013). Ultimately, patients with abdominal scans had a longer hospital length of stay (6.67 vs. 3.79 days, P = 0.002) and were discharged home less frequently (71.4% vs. 83.7%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Patients who received abdominal imaging after LLIF were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy, experience longer hospital length of stay, and were discharged home less frequently. Intra-abdominal air on postoperative imaging without corresponding physical exam findings consistent with bowel injury is not an appropriate indication for surgical intervention.
Gastrocutaneous fistula after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An unforeseen mishap
Authors: Sandhu Harindra , S Dhivakar
Published: September 2022

A middle-aged woman presented to us with complaints of purulent discharge which was coming from the epigastric port site for two years following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was performed at an outside hospital for asymptomatic gall stone disease. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the fistulous sinus track communicating with the anterior body wall of the stomach. At re-laparotomy, the sistulous sinus track was found and excised with primary repair of the defect in the stomach wall. The patient had an uneventful post-operative recovery and was doing well on follow-up. This was the second such case reported in literature where a common surgical procedure like laparoscopic cholecystectomy has led to the formation of gastrocutaneous fistula, which is a rare complication and was successfully managed.
Diagnosis and management of mucormycosis in the dental clinic: A guide for oral health professionals in India
Authors: Aswal Gunjan S. , Rawat Renu , Dwivedi Dhara , Prabhakar Nitin , Vinod Kumar K. R
Published: September 2022

With the current pandemic raging over the world, science and medicine is faced with hereto with unfought enemies or less fought opponent in the form of viruses and consequently, other biotic entities. While researchers are striving to identify and conquer the variants of COVID-19, other innocuous organisms are raising their ugly heads in the form of opportunistic fungal infections. Mucormycosis/Black Fungus is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection caused by mucorale species. It spreads through blood vessels causing thrombosis, ischemia, and necrosis. Population with pre-existing immunocompromised conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus, Malignancy, Long-term immunosuppressant therapy are more susceptible. Mucormycosis associated with Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) proved to be catastrophic due to its high mortality rates. Rhino orbital Mucormycosis is the most common form. The primary care physician, being the first and often, (more so in developing countries) and being the only point of contact with a healthcare professional, plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of this condition. The keystone to decreasing mortality is early detection and diagnosis followed by preventive measures to control progression to the brain. A multidisciplinary approach by various specialties is a prerequisite for effective diagnosis and management. Antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and resection of the affected areas are protocols to be followed. Post-operative defects cause impairment of function, phonetics, and esthetics. Prosthetic rehabilitation of these defects has shown favorable results, especially in the aged and immunocompromised individuals.
The IDEAL approach to establish contemporary maternity care during labor
Authors: Akkour Khalid , AlTayash Shahad F. , AlMuhanna Ghada , AlMogren Renad , AlSultan Sara , AlMukaynizi Hadeel , AlHadlaq Lama , AlShahrani Fatimah , Iqbal Shazia , Batais Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of abusive and disrespectful behavior from healthcare workers toward women during childbirth, to determine the type of abuse with the highest prevalence, and to assess the factors that contributed to the prevalence of abuse and disrespectful behavior.

Methods:

This is a quantitative observational cross-sectional study that was conducted among mothers who gave birth in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from September 2019 to mid-March 2020, with a target sample size of 261. Descriptive statistics were described by frequencies and percentages, bivariate statistical analysis was carried out by using Chi-square test.

Results:

The overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D&A) was 62.5%, the non-consented category was the commonest type in this study. D&A was 2.8 times more prevalent in women whose newborn suffered complications during delivery. Likewise, mothers who delivered in a room with 5 or more caregivers were 2 times more likely to be disrespected than others. Mothers who underwent a natural delivery without episiotomy were 53% less likely to face the risk of being disrespected than others.

Conclusion:

This study reveals that the prevalence of disrespect and abuse towards women during labor in the chosen setting was high. The type of delivery, number of caregivers present, and complications that occurred during delivery were significantly associated with disrespect and abuse. Therefore, the authors of this study present an IDEAL approach as a way to upgrade the maternity care standards.
COVID-Related suicide during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India: A tip of the iceberg of mental health problems
Authors: Sheikh Nishat Ahmed , Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Tripathi Richa
Published: September 2022

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the entire world. There has been great surge of mental health problems after the pandemic has started. The second wave has almost exhausted the Indian Health care system. There has also been cases of suicide due to COVID-19 infection. The objective of study was to highlight various factors involved in COVID-19 related suicide (CRS) during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. CRS reports on the websites of 10 popular newspapers and television news channels in North India and official government websites such as the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare were searched between February 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. We also searched the Medline and Google Scholar databases for CRS reports from India using the terms “corona”, “COVID-19”, “SARS CoV 2”, “India”, and “suicide” in various combinations. A total of 62 articles were included for the study. Most common mode of suicide was hanging and most common site was the deceased’s home. Fear of infecting family members was the most common cause of CRS during second wave of the ongoing pandemic in India. Many individuals lost their lives to suicide due to COVID-19 pandemic. The media report does not provide the exact picture of community suicide. Proper physician counselling at the time of providing treatment can help in reducing few CRS.
Acceptability, usability and efficacy of an automatic respiratory monitor in determining fast breathing: A pilot study in a tribal tea garden in India
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Sarkar Siddhartha , Mondal Tanushree
Published: September 2022

Background:

Childhood pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among under-five children. It is responsible for 15% of all deaths of children U5, killing 808,694 children in 2017 (1). Traditional visual inspection and manual count method is used to detect and classify fast-breathing, a key indicator of Pneumonia. In response to UNICEF’s call for a reliable diagnostic tool, Philips was the first to respond with the Children’s Automatic Respiratory Monitor for measuring fast breathing objectively.

Aim:

UNICEF and Philips Foundation initiated a field study to test the acceptability, usability and efficacy of the Automatic Respiratory Monitor in Determining Fast Breathing in low resource setting environments.

Settings and Design:

Philips Foundation partnered up with the Directorate of Medical Education in West Bengal, India to conduct the field study amongst community healthcare workers and beneficiaries in a rural district of West Bengal. In collaboration with North Bengal Medical College & Hospital, a community-based study was conducted in a tribal tea garden of Naxalbari block.

Methods and Material:

Acceptability and usability of the device was assessed through structtured interviews and dialogues with community health workers (CHWs), caregivers and local healthcare practitioners. Efficacy of the device was represented by the inter-rater agreement between the traditional visual inspection and manual count method and the device reading.

Statistical Analysis Used:

A descriptive community based mixed method study was conducted. Satisfaction among community healthcare workers (CHWs) and beneficiaries was found to be promising across all study parameters.

Results and Conclusions:

The paper captures the study methods, statistical analysis of the data, the conclusions, areas of further research and recommends community-wide use of the device in objectively measuring fast breathing among children under the age of five years.
The effects of health education intervention on promoting knowledge, beliefs and preventive behaviors on brucellosis among rural population in Nagpur district of Maharashtra state, India
Authors: Ghugey Satish L. , Setia Maninder S. , Deshmukh Jyotsna S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis diseases in developing and undeveloped countries, with adverse socio-economic status and animal and human health. The essential element for effective prevention and control of brucellosis is to improve the community’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) through Health Education Intervention (HEI).

Aim:

To assess health education intervention’s effect on promoting knowledge, beliefs, and preventive behaviors on brucellosis among rural populations in Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India.

Methods and Materials:

382 subjects over 18 years with a history of animal contact or consuming animal products were randomly selected. Data were collected through questionnaires and checklists. The pre-test was implemented and followed by HEI. The post-test was conducted after 45 to 60 days. For the attitude five-point Likert scale and knowledge and practice, a two-point assessment scale [yes, no] was applied. SPSS was used to analyze paired t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Result:

Of 382 subjects, 300 (78.5%) were male, and the mean age of 42.15 ± 13.72. Before HEI, 18 (5%) subjects heard about brucellosis. After HEI, reduction in the risk behaviors practices like raw milk consumption (P < 0.0001), assisted animal delivery without gown (P = 0.002), throwing animal birth products in the dustbin (P < 0.0001) were statistically significant. After implementing HEI, subjects were more aware of animal and human brucellosis signs/symptoms (P < 0.0001). Awareness of disease transmission route (P < 0.0001) and up-gradation in knowledge (P < 0.0001) were statistically significant among subjects after HEI.

Conclusions:

HEI substantially affects KAP and changes community behaviors to prevent brucellosis transmission. The authors recommend implementing HEI in the community to prevent brucellosis.
Investigating the role of body force or strength (Quwa) in causing diseases in Iranian traditional medicine and the role of cellular energy in causing diseases in conventional medicine
Authors: Akbari Hassan , Ayati Mohammad H. , Vaghasloo Mahdi A. , Karimi Mehrdad
Published: September 2022

Although much of conventional medicine has its roots in traditional medicine, from the point of view of Iranian medicine, health means when organs function naturally, and disease occurs when organs cannot performproperly. Doing actions naturally requires force, some actions require one force and some require two or more. The forces of the human body include the natural forces, the spiritual forces, and the vital forces, with the help of which human actions are performed. Therefore, in order to perform actions normally, a person must have all the forces of his body in a proper situation. According to the principles of modern medicine, the function of the body and cells depends on the energy content of cells, and most of the chemical reactions in the cells are related to the availability of energy in foods for various cell physiological systems. Any event that leads to a drop in energy production or energy loss or a reduction in cells’ access to energy can lead to a range of related diseases. On the other hand, if the body cells have enough access to energy and perform all functions well, the disease will not occur and the ability to fight possible diseases will be higher. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of potency in causing diseases in Iranian medicine and the role of cellular energy in causing diseases in conventional medicine. It was concluded that all principles of health refer to the optimization of energy production and consumption in the cells. Accordingly, more energy available to the cell leads to the normal function of cells and the higher ability of the body cells to fight disease.
Development of an indigenous manual of cognitive behavior sex therapy for young men
Authors: Bilal Ahmad , Abbasi Najam ul Hasan
Published: September 2022

Some studies with Western men have shown promising results for the efficacy of cognitive behavior sex therapy (CBST) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The two randomized controlled trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of CBST as a treatment of choice for young men with non-organic erectile dysfunction (NOED). The two randomized controlled trials were run to assess the efficacy of CBST and integrated treatment approaches for the treatment of NOED in young Pakistani men. The two studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov vide No. NCT04179747 and NCT04126252. The sex therapy techniques were combined with cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness to develop an indigenous approach for the treatment of NOED in young Pakistani men. The CBST significantly improved International Index of Erectile Functioning-5 scores in two studies. The CBST also decreased depression scores associated with NOED. The CBST is a treatment of choice for young Pakistani men with NOED. The CBST is also significant in improving the mental health conditions associated with NOED.
Association of -675 4G/5G PAI-1 and -2518A/G MCP-1 genetic polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in Kashmiri women: A case control study
Authors: Yousuf Syed Douhath , Ganie Mohammad Ashraf , Mudassar Syed , Shafi Humiara , Ibrahim Saima , Jeelani Humira , Rashid Gowhar , Zargar Mohammad A. , Rashid Fouzia
Published: September 2022

Background:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder among females of fertile age. It has been speculated to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation like other inflammatory response-driven multifactorial illnesses such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, respectively. These have been found to be elevated in PCOS patients. The current research reveals that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their genes are strongly associated with the elevation of these biomarkers. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between PAI-1 -675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphisms with the occurrence of PCOS.

Material and Method:

This study included 220 PCOS participants and 220 healthy controls. The allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods were used to investigate PAI-1-675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518A/G SNPs, respectively.

Results:

The -675 4G/5G SNP in the PAI-1 gene was strongly linked to PCOS. The odds ratio (OR) for the 4G/4G genotype was (OR = 3.2; P = 0.001), whereas the OR for the 4G/5G genotype was (OR = 2.39; P = 0.001). The carriers with the 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotypes showed significantly increasing trends in the triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). The genotypic frequency of the -2518 A/G MCP-1 SNP differed significantly between the PCOS patients and healthy controls; the GG genotype remained a strong predictor of PCOS (OR = 8.7; P = 0.01) and the AG genotype (OR = 2.40; P = 0.01), indicating an elevated risk of predisposing women to PCOS. There was a significant variation in the glucose 2-h levels between -2518A/G MCP-1 genotypes with AG heterozygous and GG mutant genotype showing increasing trends of glucose 2-h levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Both PAI-1 -675 4G/5G and MCP-1 -2518A/G polymorphisms are associated with predisposition to PCOS and its complications in Kashmiri women.
Exploring awareness, attitude, and practices toward mental illnesses: A cross-sectional survey among university students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqassim Ahmad , Makeen Anwar , Ahmed Anas , Alqarny Abdulilah , Alrabaee Awidah , Aboalqasim Almothana , Ageel Abdulmageed , Alnami Anas , Hassani Mousa , Hakami Mohammed , Mahfouz Mohamed , Alharbi Abdullah
Published: September 2022

Background:

Mental illness is a serious condition requiring early intervention. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and stigma toward mental illness among university students in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted during the academic year 2018–2019 in a university in Saudi Arabia. Stratified random sampling was adopted to select students (n = 778). A standardized self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.

Results:

The students had an adequate level of knowledge on mental illness (44.1%), and almost half of them had a positive attitude (52.2%) toward mental illness. The female students (55.9%) exhibited a significantly higher positive attitude than the males (48.4%) (P = 0.038). The students’ knowledge level increased significantly with an increase in the academic year (P = 0.010). The students from urban places showed a significantly higher knowledge level (50.5%) than those from the rural areas (40.5%) (P = 0.007). The students from health-related colleges (59.7%) showed higher positive attitudes, but without statistical significance (P = 0.104) than those from other colleges. The female gender (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.88, P = 0.020) was an important factor associated with positive attitudes. The important independent predictors of adequate mental illness knowledge were living in urban places (OR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.09–1.98, P = 0.012) and studying in the sixth year (OR = 2.1, 95% CI, 1.1–3.9, P = 0.028).

Conclusions:

Although students showed a favorable attitude toward mental illness, their knowledge level can be improved. Research outcomes can be used to design health educational interventions to enhance university students’ mental health literacy.
The comparison of self-management group education and the standard care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al Harbi Shatha Saleh , Alajmi Mubarak Mohammed , Algabbas Sulaiman Mohammed , Alharbi Mohammad Saleh
Published: September 2022

To investigate the efficacy of self-management group education versus the standard care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). An electronic search was performed in nine databases including PubMed for selecting eligible studies. Meta-analysis was used for pooling of the results. Of 3446 records screened, we included ten studies for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Regarding assessment of effectiveness, there was a significant superiority reported in the intervention group when compared to the usual/standard care (standardized mean difference [95% confidence interval] = 0.24 [0.15; 0.32]). The intervention group had a significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and body mass index compared to the usual/standard care (p < 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the levels of high-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure (SBP), or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Self-management group education interventions are recommended in patients with type 2 DM for their effectiveness in different clinical aspects.
Self-reported perspectives, Lived experiences and Assessment of COVID-19 survivors in India from media and social media during Nationwide lockdown: A Preliminary study
Authors: Raman Praveena , Chidambaranathan Pravda
Published: September 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a tremendous threat as a rapidly spreading disease, and has significant consequences on the global public health in particular to the psychological aspect of the survivors. The lived experiences require urgent documentation to tailor-make psychiatric assessments and long-term follow-ups.

Aim

To explore adolescents’ self-reported perspectives and lived experiences during their COVID-19 illness which was voluntarily shared through media and social media platforms during the nationwide lockdown in India.

Methods

Being a preliminary study, the sample size was calculated as 20 based on similar studies in the literature. Voluntarily shared data of COVID-19 survivors were extracted from media and social media. Based on the data, an assessment sheet was prepared, pre-tested and shared with three observers via convenient sampling.

Results

Male predominance was noted. The mean age was found to be 39.5 years. English was the most commonly uploaded language to communicate suffering. Instagram and YouTube were the most prevalent social media sites for self-reported experiences. The most prevalent physical symptom was fever and cough. Stress, anxiety and stigmatization were more commonly reported. Statistical significance was obtained between fear and end of life, depression and suicide, pain and isolation and worried with insomnia.

Conclusion

COVID-19 not only affects physical health but also takes a toll on the mental health of the patients. There is a high prevalence rate of psychological distress among COVID-19 survivors, and we recommend a formal psychiatric assessment and long-term follow-up to understand the unique challenges faced by the COVID-19 survivors, with effective communication and empathy towards them.