bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Effective Microorganisms and Chlorella vulgaris on Eriocheir sinensis and Water Microbiota in Ponds Experiencing Cyanobacterial Blooms
Authors: Gao Jiancao , Shao Nailin , Sun Yi , Nie Zhijuan , Yang Xiwei , Dai Fei , Xu Gangchun , Xu Pao
Published: April 2023

Cyanobacterial blooms threaten the quality and safety of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. A combination of microalgae and probiotics seems a promising way to prevent and control cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture ponds. In E. sinensis cultivation, however, a related strategy is still lacking. To assess the potential combined effects of effective microorganisms (EM) and Chlorella vulgaris on regulating cyanobacterial blooms, in this study, we detected the alterations in the physiology of E. sinensis, as well as water quality and microbial compositions of E. sinensis culture ponds with cyanobacterial blooms. As a result, supplementary EM and C. vulgaris had no adverse effects on the growth or digestive or antioxidant ability of E. sinensis but improved the water quality of the pond by reducing total ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen levels. We found an increase in bacterial diversity and evenness, while a decrease in the diversity of fungal and phytoplankton communities was related to supplementary EM and C. vulgaris. Interestingly, EM coupling C. vulgaris promoted the restoration of the bacterial and fungal community composition in cyanobacterial blooms ponds, particularly the increase of Mychonastes abundance and the decrease of Cyclotella. This study laid the foundation for the prevention and control of potential risks in aquaculture.
Is Carbon Neutrality Attainable with Financial Sector Expansion in Various Economies? An Intrinsic Analysis of Economic Activity on CO2 Emissions
Authors: Obiora Sandra Chukwudumebi , Abid Muhammad , Bamisile Olusola , Zaini Juliana Hj
Published: April 2023

The severe effects of climate change and its anticipated negative influence on the future of the globe has prompted more research into the attainment of carbon neutrality. While carbon neutrality is a paramount issue, human socio-economic well-being which is mostly influenced by economic activities cannot be overlooked. This study investigates the effect of financial sector activities on CO2 emission in five economic sectors and three economic bodies. The financial sector variables utilized are derived from the undertakings of institutions such as banks, stock exchanges, and insurance companies. Using a sample of 39 countries between 1989 and 2018, this paper provides a global perspective of the profound impact financial sector activities have in different economies on CO2 emission reduction. The feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression model, as well as the random and fixed effects model with regards to Durbin–Wu–Hausman, are used to analyze the data. The generalized method of moments (GMM) is also adopted as the robustness method. Our findings show that for emerging economies, all major activities of the financial sector aggravated CO2 emission levels in all major CO2 emitting economic sectors. The developing and developed economies also show a similar trend. In the emerging economies, virtually all activities carried out by the financial sector have a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions at the 1% or 5% significance level, thereby hampering CO2 emission mitigation efforts. However, increased long-term bank lending to non-major economic sectors is found to alleviate CO2 emissions in developing economies. This is also the situation with increased numbers of import insurance. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions are found to decrease with increased net portfolio investments and numbers of insurance on exports. These findings not only imply that financial sector activities play a fundamental role in CO2 emission mitigation but also serve as a reminder for financial policymakers that the decisions they make have an inevitable impact on the attainment of carbon neutrality in their economies.
Impact of Copper Stabilizer Thickness on SFCL Performance with PV-Based DC Systems Using a Multilayer Thermoelectric Model
Authors: Alafnan Hamoud , Pei Xiaoze , Mansour Diaa-Eldin A. , Khedr Moanis , Song Wenjuan , Alsaleh Ibrahim , Albaker Abdullah , Alturki Mansoor , Zeng Xianwu
Published: April 2023

Utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs) to their full potential provides an opportunity for lowering carbon emissions and reaching a state of carbon neutrality. DC transmission lines have considerable potential for the integration of RESs. However, faults in DC transmission lines are challenging due to the lack of zero-crossing, large fault current magnitudes and a short rise time. This research proposes using a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for effective current limitation in PV-based DC systems. To properly design an SFCL, the present work investigates the effect of copper stabilizer thickness on SFCL performance by using an accurate multilayer thermoelectric model. In the MATLAB/Simulink platform, the SFCL has been modeled and tested using different copper stabilizer thicknesses to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SFCL model in limiting the fault current and the impact of the copper stabilizer thickness on the SFCL’s performance. In total, four different thicknesses of the copper stabilizer were considered, ranging from 10 μm to 80 μm. The current limitation and voltage profile for each thickness were evaluated and compared with that without an SFCL. The developed resistance and temperature profiles were obtained for various thicknesses to clarify the mechanisms behind the stabilizer-thickness impact. An SFCL with an 80 µm copper stabilizer can reduce the fault current to 5.48 kA, representing 71.16% of the prospective current. In contrast, the fault current was reduced to 27.4% of the prospective current (2.11 kA) when using a 10 µm copper stabilizer.
Does Cultural Agglomeration Affect Green Total Factor Productivity? Evidence from 279 Cities in China
Authors: Chen Haibo , Lu Jiawei
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the function and contribution of the cultural industries’ agglomeration to green economic growth. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of the “provincial cultural industry park” selection policy, we use the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2019, and the multi-period difference-in-differences method, to empirically test the impact of cultural industry parks on green economic growth. The basic results support that urban GTFP increases by about 1.5% on average after constructing a provincial cultural industry park. The regional heterogeneity test revealed that the green economic growth effect is more robust in the eastern and human geography regions of northeast cities. Further research on the influencing mechanisms found that the regional economic development level and economic openness, cultural education level, upgrade industry structure, and digital technology development level support the driving effect of cultural industry parks on the development of the green economy. The research in this article gives empirical support to the driving effect of cultural industry parks on regional green economic growth. It proposes that various regions strengthen financial support, improve cultural and educational levels, and develop digital technology to promote green economic growth.
Optimal Charging Pile Configuration and Charging Scheduling for Electric Bus Routes Considering the Impact of Ambient Temperature on Charging Power
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Heqi , Wang Chunguang
Published: April 2023

Charging piles in the bus depot provide charging services to multiple electric bus (EB) routes operating in the area. As charging needs may overlap between independently operated routes, EB fleets often have to wait in line for charging. However, affected by the ambient temperature, the length of the waiting time will cause the battery temperature to change at the beginning of each charging, thereby influencing the charging performance and charging time of the battery. To this end, this paper considers the influence of ambient temperature on battery charging performance, and collaboratively optimizes the number of charging piles in the bus depot and the scheduling problem of EB charging. Aiming at minimizing the cost of laying charging piles in bus stations and the charging costs of bus fleets, as well as minimizing the empty time of electric bus fleets and waiting time for charging in queues, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established, and the immune algorithm is used to solve it. At last, an actual bus depot and four EB routes are taken as examples for verification. The results show that by optimizing the charging waiting time of the electric bus at the bus station, the rapid decline in charging performance caused by the sharp drop in battery temperature is avoided. Without increasing the charging cost of the electric bus fleet, the established method reduces the charging pile installation cost, improves the bus depot’s service efficiency, and ensures the punctuality and integrity of the regional bus route operation.
Experimental Study of Improvement in Tensile Property of Geosynthetics under Confinement
Authors: Li Dan , Liang Yihuai , Wu Di , Luo Chen , Yang Yanxin , Yi Yang , Wu Jianjian
Published: April 2023

A new in-soil tensile test apparatus was developed to simulate the in-soil stress condition of geosynthetics in a real working state. An in-soil tensile test with or without friction was conducted, along with in-air tensile tests of eight types of geosynthetics, to evaluate tensile properties, including tensile load and secant tensile stiffness under different confining stresses using various methods. Under confinement, the tensile properties of geosynthetics increased with growing confinement, which were greater than those for the in-air tensile test, and the tensile properties were similar for tests with or without friction. The tensile load improvement factors FT−σ and fT−σ were introduced to quantify the confinement and reinforcement–soil friction differences between different tests, and the improvement ratios γ1 and γ2 were proposed to quantify the improvement of tensile load under confinement for the test with and without friction, respectively. Two formulas were proposed to predict the confined tensile properties of geosynthetics. The results showed that confinement was the major factor that improved the tensile properties of geosynthetics compared to reinforcement–soil friction. When the improvement ratio is not less than 1.5, the confined tensile load should replace the in-air tensile load with the tensile strength design of geosynthetics, which provides an insight into the design of reinforced soil structures.
Decision-Making in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Fairness Concerns and Optimal Subsidies
Authors: Deng Zichun , Shaharudin Mohd Rizaimy , Tseng Ming-Lang
Published: April 2023

Government subsidies have played an important role in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) waste utilization. However, when the retailer is disadvantaged in the supply chain cooperation and does not have access to subsidies, fairness issues may arise that affect pricing and subsidies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the optimal solutions for a government-led CLSC with remanufacturing subsidies and fairness concerns. We develop a three-echelon game with a government, a manufacturer, and a fairness-concerned retailer and derive the solutions for four scenarios: the fairness-neutral model, without fairness issues; the retailer has fairness concerns about the distribution of supply chain profits, and the concerned behavior is recognized by the manufacturer; the retailer is fairness-concerned, but the manufacturer ignores the concerned behavior; and the centralized scenario. Through the comparative analysis of different models, we design a cooperation mechanism for enterprises. Then, the conclusions are verified by numerical experiments. This study shows the following: (1) The retailer is always willing to maintain fairness concerns, but this does not affect the amount of collection. (2) The government will consume more subsidies because of the fairness issue ignored by the manufacturer. (3) Only when unit waste pollution is relatively low while the degree of fairness concerns is significant, will the manufacturer recognize the fairness concerns to reduce its unfavorable impact on profit. The increase in the level of concern can bring more benefits for two enterprises by consuming more subsidies for the highly polluting wastes. (4) A two-part tariff contract can coordinate the enterprises and promote social welfare within a certain parameter range.
Learning MBSE Online: A Tale of Two Professional Cohorts
Authors: Li Tiantian , Pollettini Marcos Leonardo , Huang Wanju , Kenley C. Robert , Douglas Kerrie A. , Madsen Emilee A. , Fentiman Audeen W.
Published: April 2023

Research has shown that creating an online learning community is vital in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) training programs and can be facilitated via the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. For professional learners, an online learning community is influenced by their organizational affiliations. The purpose of this research is to explore learning experiences in groups of professional learners with different and homogenous organizational affiliations in an asynchronous online MBSE module. Through the case study methodology, this research examines four sources of data from two cases: Case 1—learners from different organizations (n = 7); and Case 2—overwhelming majority of learners from the same organization (n = 19). Results showed that learners from the same organization reported higher social presence, which, in turn, corresponded to a higher cognitive presence and higher motivation for future MBSE learning. Based on our findings, we recommend that organizations seeking MBSE adoption coordinate with online course providers to create cohorts to participate in the same offerings to facilitate the process of learning community building. We also recommend MBSE course providers facilitate social interaction on multiple communication platforms and create orientation activities for learners from different organizations to promote social presence.
Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Induced by the Antibacterial Agent Triclosan in Freshwater Euglena gracilis Based on the Transcriptome
Authors: Lu Ting , Zhang Tong , Yang Weishu , Yang Bin , Cao Jing , Yang Yang , Li Mei
Published: April 2023

Triclosan (TCS), a commonly used antibacterial preservative, has been demonstrated to have high toxicological potential and adversely affects the water bodies. Since algae are one of the most significant primary producers on the planet, understanding the toxicological processes of TCS is critical for determining its risk in aquatic ecosystems and managing the water environment. The physiological and transcriptome changes in Euglena gracilis were studied in this study after 7 days of TCS treatment. A distinct inhibition ratio for the photosynthetic pigment content in E. gracilis was observed from 2.64% to 37.42% at 0.3–1.2 mg/L, with TCS inhibiting photosynthesis and growth of the algae by up to 38.62%. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase significantly changed after exposure to TCS, compared to the control, indicating that the cellular antioxidant defense responses were induced. Based on transcriptomics, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in biological processes involved in metabolism pathways and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. Integrating transcriptomics and biochemical indicators found that changed reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities stimulating algal cell damage and the inhibition of metabolic pathways controlled by the down-regulation of differentially expressed genes were the main toxic mechanisms of TCS exposure to E. gracilis. These findings establish the groundwork for future research into the molecular toxicity to microalgae induced by aquatic pollutants, as well as provide fundamental data and recommendations for TCS ecological risk assessment.
CVB3 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway and ROS Production in LPS-Induced Macrophages
Authors: Wang Yanqi , Sun Zhirong , Zhang Hongkai , Song Yahui , Wang Yi , Xu Wei , Li Min
Published: April 2023

Inflammasomes are cytosolic sensors of pathogens. Their activation can lead to the induction of caspase-1-mediated inflammatory responses and the release of several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β. There is a complex relationship between viral infection and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for antiviral immunity, while excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation may lead to excessive inflammation and pathological damage. Meanwhile, viruses have evolved strategies to suppress the activation of inflammasome signaling pathways, thus escaping immune responses. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a positive single-strand RNA virus, on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. CVB3-infected mice had significantly lower production of IL-1β and a lower level of NLRP3 in the small intestine after LPS stimulation. Furthermore, we found that CVB3 infection inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway and ROS production. Additionally, CVB3 infection increased the susceptibility of mice to Escherichia coli infection by decreasing IL-1β production. Collectively, our study revealed a novel mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway and ROS production in LPS-induced macrophages. Our findings may provide new ideas for antiviral treatment and drug development for CVB3 infection.
A Single Nonsynonymous Substitution in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of Potato virus Y Allows the Simultaneous Breakdown of Two Different Forms of Antiviral Resistance in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Moury Benoît , Michon Thierry , Simon Vincent , Palloix Alain
Published: April 2023

The dominant Pvr4 gene in pepper (Capsicum annuum) confers resistance to members of six potyvirus species, all of which belong to the Potato virus Y (PVY) phylogenetic group. The corresponding avirulence factor in the PVY genome is the NIb cistron (i.e., RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Here, we describe a new source of potyvirus resistance in the Guatemalan accession C. annuum cv. PM949. PM949 is resistant to members of at least three potyvirus species, a subset of those controlled by Pvr4. The F1 progeny between PM949 and the susceptible cultivar Yolo Wonder was susceptible to PVY, indicating that the resistance is recessive. The segregation ratio between resistant and susceptible plants observed in the F2 progeny matched preferably with resistance being determined by two unlinked recessive genes independently conferring resistance to PVY. Inoculations by grafting resulted in the selection of PVY mutants breaking PM949 resistance and, less efficiently, Pvr4–mediated resistance. The codon substitution E472K in the NIb cistron of PVY, which was shown previously to be sufficient to break Pvr4 resistance, was also sufficient to break PM949 resistance, a rare example of cross-pathogenicity effect. In contrast, the other selected NIb mutants showed specific infectivity in PM949 or Pvr4 plants. Comparison of Pvr4 and PM949 resistance, which share the same target in PVY, provides interesting insights into the determinants of resistance durability.
CXCR4 Recognition by L- and D-Peptides Containing the Full-Length V3 Loop of HIV-1 gp120
Authors: Zhu Ruohan , Sang Xiaohong , Zhou Jiao , Meng Qian , Huang Lina S. M. , Xu Yan , An Jing , Huang Ziwei
Published: April 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) recognizes one of its principal coreceptors, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), on the host cell via the third variable loop (V3 loop) of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 during the viral entry process. Here, the mechanism of the molecular recognition of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop by coreceptor CXCR4 was probed by synthetic peptides containing the full-length V3 loop. The two ends of the V3 loop were covalently linked by a disulfide bond to form a cyclic peptide with better conformational integrity. In addition, to probe the effect of the changed side-chain conformations of the peptide on CXCR4 recognition, an all-D-amino acid analog of the L-V3 loop peptide was generated. Both of these cyclic L- and D-V3 loop peptides displayed comparable binding recognition to the CXCR4 receptor, but not to another chemokine receptor, CCR5, suggesting their selective interactions with CXCR4. Molecular modeling studies revealed the important roles played by many negative-charged Asp and Glu residues on CXCR4 that probably engaged in favorable electrostatic interactions with the positive-charged Arg residues present in these peptides. These results support the notion that the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-CXCR4 interface is flexible for ligands of different chiralities, which might be relevant in terms of the ability of the virus to retain coreceptor recognition despite the mutations at the V3 loop.
Polyethylene Glycol and Polysorbate 80 Skin Tests in the Context of an Allergic Risk Assessment for Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Nappi Emanuele , Racca Francesca , Piona Alessandra , Messina Maria , Ferri Sebastian , Lamacchia Donatella , Cataldo Giuseppe , Costanzo Giovanni , Del Moro Lorenzo , Puggioni Francesca , Canonica Giorgio , Heffler Enrico , Paoletti Giovanni
Published: April 2023

Concern has arisen about hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergic reactions to drugs containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate 80 (PS80), excipients of currently available anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, the actual utility of PEG and PS80 skin allergy testing is currently still debated. We retrospectively analyzed all cases of patients on whom we performed allergometric skin tests for PEG and PS80 in the context of a pre-vaccination screening (for patients with multiple hypersensitivity reactions to drugs for which these excipients were among the suspected agents) or following suspected hypersensitivity reactions to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A total of 134 tests were performed for PEG and PS80, eight of which produced uninterpretable results (due to dermographism or non-specific reactions). Of the remaining 126 cases (85 pre-vaccinal and 41 post-vaccine reactions), 16 (12.7%) were positive for PEG and/or PS80. Stratifying by clinical indication, there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of positive tests between patients evaluated in the context of the pre-vaccination screening and those evaluated after a vaccine reaction (10.6% vs. 17.1%, respectively, p = 0.306). Allergometric skin tests for PEG and PS80 in our case series resulted positive in an unexpectedly high proportion of patients, suggesting that testing for allergy to these two excipients should not be ignored in case of reasonable clinical suspicion.
Unrequited Future
Authors:   MGIMO University, Ageev Alexander ,   International Research Institute for Advanced Systems,   Institute for Economic Strategies
Published: April 2023

О будущем говорить легко, особенно об отдаленном. Причина этой необыкновенной легкости проста — безответность этого будущего, по крайней мере до наступления заданного горизонта, будь то 2045 или 2100 год, который беспощадно покажет все грани реальности. Такова безответность и у ретроспективы.
Change of cooking characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)varieties under different fertilization conditions
Authors: Ipekesen Sibel , Bi̇cer B. Tuba
Published: April 2023

In this research, the effects of different nutrient source used for soil fertilization were detected on cooking characters of chickpea varieties. The field experiment was conducted in 2020 growing seasons. The experiment was designed randomized complete blocks in split plots with three replications. In study, it was used Arda, Gokce and local chickpea varieties in main plots. Four organic manures, one biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (T0: control group, T1: 5 t.ha-1 ovine manure, T2: 5 t.ha-1 cattle manure, T3: 10.000 cc ha-1 liquid vermicompost, T4: 3 t.ha-1 chicken manure, T5: bacteria (Rhizobium ciceri) and T6: 50 kg ha-1 N, 90 kg ha-1 P) were in the sub plots. Comparison of two-way ANOVA test showed that fertilization treatments were no significant for all seed technological characters except for cooking time. Two-way ANOVA test revealed that chickpea varieties was determined superior than treatment and variety * treatment interaction on all characters except for swelling capacity and index. Dry weight, wet weight, dry volume, wet volume and hydration capacity traits varied depending on varieties. The liquid vermicompost treatment (Arda: 38.67 min) and chemical fertilizer (local variety: 40.00 min) showed the shortest cooking time than the other nutrient sources. On the contrary, local variety had the longest cooking time in ovine manure.
THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL «UKRAINIAN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION» CELEBRATES THE FIFTH ANNIVERSARY
Authors: Grynova M. , Kravchenko L.
Published: April 2023

Analytical materials systematized in connection with the fifth anniversary of the scientific journal «Ukrainian Professional Education» are presented. It is a professional publication for the sciences of education and pedagogy, which was founded at Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University in 2016. The journal accumulates more than a century of experience in training teachers and specialists in the socio-humanitarian sphere. It is based on the world-famous achievements of its graduates and teachers, namely Anton Makarenko, Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi, Hryhorii Vashchenko, Volodymyr Shchepotiev, Vasyl Verkhovynets, Ivan Ziaziun, Volodymyr Pashchenko, and others.

The papers of the journal are consistent with the issues of specialized journals known in Ukraine («Philosophical Horizons,» «Pedagogical Sciences,» «Psychology and Personality,» «Origins of Pedagogical Mastery,» «Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action,» «Biology and Ecology»), which are published in Poltava Pedagogical University. The subject of research covers the professional education of highly qualified specialists (bachelor’s, master’s, doctor of philosophy) in a number of fields, i. e., educational sciences, cultural studies, natural sciences, psychology, technologies, sports medicine, physical culture, aesthetic education, architecture, and design, etc. The journal publishes research, theoretical, propositional, and practical papers on the content and methods of experimental professional education in each of the aforementioned fields. The journal specialization is the issue of educational process organization and methods of teaching academic disciplines.

The scientific journal «Ukrainian Professional Education» has a highly qualified editorial board and a team of reviewers who are well-known specialists in the specified subject areas. It has received the status of a professional publication for the sciences of education in Ukraine.
História das Américas : apontamentos iniciais de ensino e pesquisas
Authors: Souza Ana Beatriz Ramos de , Costa Ana Paula Pereira , Silva Bruno , Almeida Carla Maria Carvalho de , Nascimento Denise da Silva Menezes do , Canelas Eric Brasil e Letícia Gregório , Silva Fábio Pereira da , Rodrigues Fernando da Silva , Ortiz Guillermo Alberto Rodríguez , Acruche Hevelly Ferreira , Martins Marcus Leonardo Bomfim , Andrade Mateus Rezende de
Published: April 2023

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Micro-analysis Tanah Ekspansif yang Diperbaiki Secara Kimiawi
Authors: Gunarti Anita Setyowati Srie , Prihesnanto Fajar
Published: April 2023

Road construction on expansive soil faces many problems such as deflection, longitudinal cracks, circular cracks and spreading cracks in road construction due to the large nature of swelling and shrinkage. This study aims to identify changes in the mineralogy microstructure and chemical properties of the soil in chemically corrected expansive soils so that solutions for expansive soil improvement are obtained by utilizing local materials based on industrial waste, namely Fly ash and Waste Foundry Sand. The research method is in the form of laboratory experiments, namely Structure Electron Microscope and XRD tests on native soil and soil stabilized with Fly ash and Waste Foundry Sand to analyze mineral structure and chemical changes. The results of the analysis found that the effect of the two types of additives on expansive soils was descriptively significant. The addition of fly ash and WFS to the soil makes the pores and cracks filled with fly ash particles and some form of hydration. After the addition of Fly ash and WFS, ion exchange and pozzolanic reactions from fly ash occur to make the flake and flocculant structure of the soil cement into a crystal or block structure, thereby increasing the compactness and integrity of the soil sample.
Legal Protection for Women as Victims in the Criminal Action of Mugging in Medan City
Authors: Sirait Monica Sarah , Tambunan Laris Perjuangan , Siregar Yulkarnaini
Published: April 2023

One of the crimes that is rife in the national news is the mugging that occurred in Medan City where women are often be victims.The purpose of thisis to find out the legal protection provided by the state to women as victims of criminal acts of mugging, especially in Medan City. This type of research is normative with a statutory and conceptual approach. While the specification of the research is analytical descriptive which explain the problem according to the research title. The data used is secondary data which consists of primary legal materials in the form of Law No. 31 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law No. 13 of 2006 concerning the protection of witnesses and victims, the Criminal Code, the Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, the Criminal Procedure Codeand secondary materials in the form of books, journals, electronic news, laws and regulations, court decisions and opinion of legal experts and writings related to the title of the research. Legal protection for women as victims of mugging in Medan City is urgently needed so that victims get justice. Law enforcers must unite to achieve an Integrated Criminal Justice System, especially the Police as law enforcers who have been given the authority by law to eradicate criminal acts of mugging that are rife in Medan City. Besides that, it is recommended for women to be more careful when driving at nightalone.
Legal Review of the Performance of Firefighters and Rescue Workers in Deli Serdang
Authors: Sembiring Sunardi Petrus , Heriansyah Heriansyah , Robiyanti Dewi
Published: April 2023

Fire and Rescue or abbreviated as Fire and Rescue are implementing elements of the Government which have the responsibility to assist the community in handling fires and rescue. The research objective was to find out the legal review regarding the performance of firefighters and rescue workers in Deli Serdang Regency. And it is necessary to have a legal study on how to deal with fires in accordance with rescue procedures from the government which can create common perceptions and uniformity of ways of acting for all personnel involved. The type of research in this paper is normative with a statutory and conceptual approach. While the specification of the research is analytical descriptive, namely explaining the problem according to the research title. The data used as primary legal materials include Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2020 Concerning Nomenclature Guidelines for Provincial and District/City Fire and Rescue Services, and secondary legal materials in the form of books, journals, writings, media , and documents or other information related to the research title. By carrying out the procedures from the government, efficient suppression efforts can be achieved in deploying personnel to minimize losses and work as optimally as possible in blackout operations and rescue operations. Therefore, it is recommended for Firefighters and Rescue Executors to improve performance and timeliness, quality of facilities and infrastructurein tackling fire disasters and better rescue so that more and more people are saved. Especially to improve the procedures, rules and performance of officers to do more optimal fire prevention and rescue so that they run according to community expectations and regulation from government.
Fighting Corruption Through Tax Administration Reform: Vietnam Case Study
Authors: Le thi Thao
Published: April 2023

Corruption in tax administration is attracting much attention worldwide due to its strong negative impact on economic activity, especially impact on tax revenue and budget deficit. Corruption erodes trust and causes loss of state budget revenue, especially in the tax field. In the process of digital transformation with many reforms in the tax administration mechanism in Vietnam, corruption in tax administration has been somewhat limited. This study is based on political and legal analysis by normative method or theoretical legal research, taking Vietnam as research evidence. On the basis of the current status of Vietnam's tax administration mechanism in the past time, identifying corrupt acts in the tax administration process through tax management practices, the research results show that tax administration with current The modernization of tax administration is the basic basis to limit corruption in the tax field. With the reform of tax administration by simplifying tax processes and procedures, reducing the arbitrary situation and abuse of tax laws by tax officials, transferring the entire tax collection function to modern tax management - a modern tax administration is needed to keep up with the growing trend. the complexity of the operations of companies in the age of globalization.
Cognitive Mechanisms in the British Stereotypical Perception of Western Europe Countries: Linguistic and Cultural Dimensions
Authors: Savchuk I.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the cognitive instruments in the British perception of Western European countries. The problem set is rather topical since it reflects verbal, communicative and cognitive perspectives of intercultural communication. Fiction text fragments by modern authentic British writers serve as research material. Being a representative of the definite ethnocultural group the author verbalizes his personal as well as collectivist ideas about other nations. To single out the imaginings of the British about Europeans the following methods have been involved: cognitive interpretation, discourse and semantic analysis.

Culture defines the subjective reality thus reflecting an individual’s perception of native and foreign behavior. Determined by the cultural context of interaction, generalized perceptual experience is reflected in the ethnic stereotypes of the British cognitive space. Perception of the environment is filtered through the organized system of categories, values, importance of the information, expectations, interests, feelings, character traits etc. The mental process of categorizing the world explains the 'simplification' of reality organized in the minds of the representatives of Great Britain in the context of the stereotyped representation. Belgians are represented as brave in modern English fiction. Spain is associated by the British with rest and pleasure. France, Germany and Austria are viewed as respectful, luxurious, while Germans are considered to be trustworthy and the French – the most arrogant. Dominating positive attitude to Europeans is accounted by their close location. Categorical peculiarities of the perception of other peoples form cultural meaningful knowledge within the communicative competence of the interlocutors. The future perspective of the investigation is seen in learning autosterotyped perception in British worldimage.
Concept SCIENCE in Autobiographies of Nobel Prize Winners
Authors: Serdiichuk L.
Published: April 2023

The article focuses on the specific features of the concept SCIENCE determined as a result of linguistic analysis of its main verbal manifestations in the chosen discourse kind. The article highlights the structural features of the concept and analyses the ways of its layers’ verbalization.

It is shown that the concept SCIENCE in the autobiographical discourse of Nobel Prize winners finds a variety of its verbalization means.

The core of the concept is represented by the concept name: a particular branch of knowledge and source of knowledge, which is noted in 30 % of important text fragments. The peripheral layer is characterized by a greater variability of linguistic means of its verbalization, the conceptual metonymy can be found in 29 % of verbal presentation and introduced by two metonymic models, whereas the conceptual metaphor has 41% representations of a specified concept and is presented by six conceptual metaphor models. Numerous cases of a repeated verbalization of this concept within a single utterance by means of representing a nuclear seme and a conceptual metaphor or two conceptual metaphors have been noted and specified as a particular discourse phenomenon typical of the studied discourse.

The analysis of the work testifies to a great variety of verbalization means observed for discourse expression of the concept under study.
Structural-Semantic Components of the Concept IDENTIDAD in Spanish Language
Authors: Siechina S.
Published: April 2023

The concept IDENTIDAD is of great importance in the daily life and activities of Spanish language speakers and plays an important role in shaping the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world. The present article is dedicated to study the structural-cognitive approach, the concept and the structural-semantic features of the word IDENTIDAD. The models of the construction of the concept (field, frame) were determined, while the principles of the organization of the components in the semantic structure of the concepts were revealed as well. The present publication presents the structure of the concept IDENTIDAD on the material of Hispanic lexicographic sources. The language tools used to represent the concept IDENTIDAD were also considered.Spanish nouns, verbs and adjectives that state the features of the concept IDENTIDAD were defined and analyzed. To identify both the conceptual characteristics and content of the concept, a comparison of linguistic units, vocabulary definitions and language contexts were performed. Conceptual peculiarities manifested the value of the linguistic units used to express this concept, vocabulary and linguistic contexts. This is the reason why the linguistic means were analyzed in speech to express the concept IDENTIDAD. The material of the study of the conceptual component consisted in articles of encyclopedic, synonymous and explanatory dictionaries containing the key token IDENTIDAD. The structure of the concept IDENTIDAD was represented by the synthesis of the core and the periphery, which distinguished the conceptual, figurative and value components. The construction of the concept under study was possible by modeling the hierarchical structure to analyze the distribution of linguistic material by terminals, slots and subplots.
Peritextual Elements of the Novel by R. Ivanychuk "Deep Red Wine"
Authors: Syzonenko N.
Published: April 2023

The text part of an artistic phenomenon is not conceived out of the paratext and its elements – the name of the writer, title, epigraph, afterword, notes, comments, etc. The article deals with a holistic analysis of the peritext of R. Ivanychuk’s novel "Deep Red Wine " as one of the constituents of the paratext by methods of analysis and synthesis, hermeneutical and receptive as well as system and analytic ones. It is found out that the title-symbol (bloody struggle for the Christian faith) is cross-cutting; the epigraph performs several functions; the internal headings of the sections are explicitly expanded in the text. Three types of author’s notes are identified: the translated (from Latin, Polish, German); the ethnographic, which interpret the names of building materials and structures; the historical, informing about the realities of the past and the names of representatives of social classes. The author uses the double naming of the place ("Lviv–Olesko ") and the date when the work was written ("1974–1976 "). After analyzing the peritext of the novel "Deep Red Wine" by R. Ivanychuk, we can state that the writer, through the elements of the peritext, seeks to intrigue the reader, to involve him in intellectual- analytical work in the direction of decoding semantic potentials of the work before and after reading it. Decoding the functional yield of the elements of the peritext the recipient moves to a more qualitative level of comprehension of the form content of the text and the interpretation of the author’s individual poetics.
NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH: TWO ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yevchenko V.
Published: April 2023

The article brings into focus the idea of the divergent and convergent development revealed in the interrelations between US English usage and British English usage in the framework of the theoretical problem of the genetic тand functional status of the North American variety of English in the sociolinguistic contexts of today. The paper deals with the evolution in the relations between these varieties of English that have experienced the effects of reciprocal influences. The article also raises the problem of divergent and convergent developments of the тtransplanted variety and its mainland source in the contemporary word.

The study particularly focuses on US English influences on British English caused by the extension of social functions of North American English worldwide. The paper gives some information that sheds light on the development of the North American English divergences in lexis and morphology. The research also provides some evidence on the nature of the convergent processes between US English usage and British English usage of today and defines basic forms of the relationship of linguistic units in the common lexis. The article points out the main tendencies of language changes caused by the process of convergence in present-day British English usage.
Critiсal Discourse in Metadrama "Actress without Roles" by Varvara Cherednychenko
Authors: Visych O.
Published: April 2023

The history of drama shows that in transitional periods dramatic texts often turn into a space for analyzing of the ways of art development and, above all, the theater. Experiments, denial of traditions, and the acute need to update aesthetic coordinates become an integral part of the communicative discourse of characters, as well as the basis of dramatic conflict. Legitimate at such stages is the demand for metadramatic forms. The theory of metadrama actively develops in modern literary criticism, based on the studies of Lionel Able, Richard Hornby, Karen Viweg-Marks, Slavomir Sviontka and others, while in Ukrainian literary studies partly represented by studies of Olena Bondareva, Oksana Kohut, Natalia Malyutina, and Yevhen Vasiliev. Metadrama is considered to be a special type of plays, which poetics is aimed at self-reflection of the nature of the theater. One of the key techniques of metadrama is the critics of theater. The purpose of the article is to analyze theatrical-critical discourse as a factor in metadramatic poetics of Varvara Cherednychenko's "Actress without Roles".

 It is proved that the metadrama is realized at several levels of the play. The basic level should be considered the use of drama-discussion genre, built on the actual conflict of theatrical concepts of the post-revolutionary era. At the character level, the metadrama focuses on the positions of the three main characters that are apologists to the fundamental trends in the history of the theater: сoryphaeus (Kyrylo Petrovich), Modernists (Roman), and the proletarian theater (Alla). The critical function of metadrama is manifested in polemics about strategies for reforming stage art in Ukraine, in particular due to appeal to various iconic texts from the repertoire of Ukrainian theaters.
The Peculiarities of Re-Creating the Adjective "Bohemian" while Working at a Literary Translation (Based on A. Conan Doyle’s Short Story "A Scandal in Bohemia")
Authors: Zornytskyi A.
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the analysis of culturally and contextually determined aspects of the meaning of the English adjective "Bohemian" as well as the peculiarities of their re-creation while translating works of literature. As illustrative materials employed are the opening fragment of the well-known short story "A Scandal in Bohemia" by A. Conan Doyle and its translations into German, French, Russian, and Ukrainian. Discussed in detail are both linguistic and extralinguistic factors which historically contributed to the evolution of the corresponding set of meanings which make up the semantic structure of the lexeme in question. Considering the etymology of the lexeme at hand and the comparative reception of the underlying notion by different national audiences, the author arrives at the conclusion that there was a marked difference between its etymological and current modern meaning, on the one hand, as well as between the connotative shades of the former depending on a cultural surrounding.

Following the data thus accumulated, critically assessed are the translators’ decisions concerning their choice of the most contextually justified one among the meanings in question and an alternative variant of translation is proposed. It is recognized that the exact meaning of "Bohemian" as used by Conan Doyle has indeed to do with the notion of 'Gypsy', but solely in its Western European interpretation, free from the associations it connotes to the Slavic ear.
Modal Verbs as Means of Expressing Assumptions in the Newspaper Discourse of the English Language
Authors: Kotniuk L.
Published: April 2023

The article deals with English modal verbs, which convey the modal meaning of assumptions in the newspaper discourse. An assumption is a special type of modality It is established that this function is performed by the modal verbs can, may, must, should, ought to, will, would. Modal verbs express a wide range of modal meanings, including those which refer to the process of drawing conclusions, i.e. the speaker's conclusions, which are the result of his reasoning, etc. Different shades of assumptions (from a higher degree of probability to doubt and even inconsistency with reality) are caused by both the lexical meaning of modal verbs and the communicative type of the sentences, which contain these modal verbs. The article analyzes the communicative types of sentences containing the modal verbs expressing assumptions, singles out various fragments of objective reality, which serve as the object of making assumptions, as well as determines the temporal orientation of the assumption to the present, past or future. The modal verbs, which reflect the speaker’s attitude to the contents of the utterance in terms of the correspondence between the expressed facts and reality, are used as means of expressing assumptions about the facts, which the speaker does not want to categorically affirm or deny. Mitigation of categorical statements allows the reader to think about the message more critically and take a more active position in the perception of information.
Top Heavy
Authors:   Rice University, Colopy Andrew
Published: April 2023

Top Heavy is a set of model display pedestals designed for a school of architecture. Initiated to fulfill a practical need, the project serves as a modest examination into the limits of shape as an underlying construct and criteria with respect to a project’s materialization. Shape in this context is understood as a discreet planar area or volume.1 Such criteria formed the basis on which design decisions were structured and evaluated, establishing two initial parameters: where possible, the design would be made from plastic sheet materials and would be CNC-milled or laser-cut.