bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of electric field on vibrational resonances in Hindmarsh–Rose neuronal systems for signal detection
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Xue Xiaopeng , Liu Dongjie , Yu Tianyi , He Qianqian , Xu Guizhi
Published: October 2022

Changes in the concentration of charged ions in neurons can generate induced electric fields, which can further modulate cell membrane potential. In this paper, Fourier coefficients are used to investigate the effect of electric field on vibrational resonance for signal detection in a single neuron model and a bidirectionally coupled neuron model, respectively. The study found that the internal electric field weakens vibrational resonance by changing two factors, membrane potential and phase-locked mode, while the periodic external electric field of an appropriate frequency significantly enhances the vibrational resonance, suggesting that the external electric field may play a constructive role in the detection of weak signals in the brain and neuronal systems. Furthermore, when the coupling of two neurons is considered, the effect of the electric field on the vibrational resonance is similar to that of a single neuron. The paper also illustrates the effect of electric field coupling on vibrational resonance. This study may provide a new theoretical basis for understanding information encoding and transmission in neurons.
Guide and control of thermal conduction with isotropic thermodynamic parameters based on a rotary-concentrating device
Authors: Liu Mao , Yan Quan
Published: October 2022

A rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction is constructed to control and guide thermal energy transmitting in elastic plates. The designed device has the ability of concentrating for thermal conduction and controlling the processes of thermal diffusion in a plate. The multilayered isotropic material properties of the rotary-concentrating device are derived based on the transformation and rotary medium method and a rotation parameter to control the thermal diffusion process is introduced. The efficiency of the rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction is verified. Stability of temperature fields in a plate with the rotary-concentrating device is analyzed to study the performance of rotary-concentrating. Numerical examples show that the constructed rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction can effectively rotate and focus on the thermal energy into the device for a wide range of diffusion temperatures, which can enhance the thermal conduction. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical support for potential applications in fields of energy harvesting and thermal conduction control.
EAST discharge prediction without integrating simulation results
Authors: Wan Chenguang , Yu Zhi , Pau Alessandro , Liu Xiaojuan , Li Jiangang
Published: October 2022

In this work, a purely data-driven discharge prediction model was developed and tested without integrating any data or results from simulations. The model was developed based on the experimental data from the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) campaign 2010–2020 discharges and can predict the actual plasma current I
p, normalized beta β
n, toroidal beta β
t, beta poloidal β
p, electron density n
e, stored energy W
mhd, loop voltage V
loop, elongation at plasma boundary κ, internal inductance l
i, q at magnetic axis q
0, and q at 95% flux surface q
95. The average similarities of all the selected key diagnostic signals between prediction results and the experimental data are greater than 90%, except for the V
loop and q
0. Before a tokamak experiment, the values of actuator signals are set in the discharge proposal stage, with the model allowing to check the consistency of expected diagnostic signals. The model can give the estimated values of the diagnostic signals to check the reasonableness of the tokamak experimental proposal.
Interactive mockup to calculate arc length using integrals
Authors: Velasco Nancy , Karen Chamorro , Morales Marcia , Mendoza Darío
Published: October 2022

In the present work, a model of a Roman Arch is built and the Integral Calculus is applied to determine the Length of the Arch in Cartesian and Parametric coordinates, and the area in Polar coordinates. The objective is to create an enjoyable learning environment to the mathematics students. The educational model is made of wood and is made up of small blocks. Students must assemble the arch using two pieces of brackets and a clamp, without touching the blocks with their hands. An internal competition is carried out to determine the group of three people to do it in the shortest time. The activity creates an enjoyable environment to deal with these topics and makes student learning productive.
Analysis of thermal comfort on planes
Authors: Krawczyk N
Published: October 2022

Thermal comfort of passengers and cabin crew is an important element to be ensured during short and long distance flights. The analysis of this phenomenon is usually conducted based on the measurements of physical parameters of the inside air and factors such as metabolic rate and thermal insulation of clothes. The paper provides an insight into this phenomenon through the literature review on the subject. It presents the assessment of thermal comfort conditions onboard the planes. An important element is the discussion of the current model of thermal comfort proposed by O. Fanger and its usability for the application in planes.
Sensor platforms of Alpha-fetoprotein screening test for hepatocellular carcinoma detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance technique
Authors: Wangkham T
Published: October 2022

The objective of this paper is to present the sensor platforms for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), detection which is a biomarker of Hepatocellular carcinoma. The experiments were designed to investigate the various platforms for AFP detection via surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. In each step of the immobilization, the antiAFP-AFP interaction and enhancing signal platform was used without a fluorescent labelling on the ultra-thin film sensor chip. The result was shown that the suitable platform for AFP detection is Platform III streptavidin-biotin conjugation which gives the highest signal in both of antibody immobilization and AFP antigen detection. The detection limit of AFP detection is 10 ng/ml and the result also show that there is effect of efficiency of platform on the AFP system also the orientation between antigen and antibody.
Study on the 3D BioPrinting Technology of Hydrogel Tissue Engineering scaffolds
Authors: Wang Bao-kun , Li Yan , He Gao-Sheng , Zhang Ming-Hui , Gu Tian-Qi
Published: October 2022

The precision molding capability of bio-3D printing is the basis for its application in tissue engineering, and SA-Gel two-component hydrogel has been widely used in bio-3D printing manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds. The extrusionability of hydrogel is the key point for the printing precision. In this paper, starting from the concentration, ratio, rheology and cross-linking mode of hydrogel, the research ideas of “single factor independent analysis” and multi-factor comprehensive application are adopted to solve the printing accuracy. Through the research and screening of printing parameters and printing compensation technology, the accurate printing of the 1D line segment and 2D grid structure at 45°C for SA-Gel hydrogel with 2% and 8% mass respectively have been achieved.
Characterizing plastics containing brominated flame retardants with combined LIBS and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sormunen T , Viljanen J , Havisto J , Korpijärvi K , Rytöluoto I , Kankaanpää J-P , Lämsä A , Kauppi S , Toivonen J , Fjäder P , Järvinen S
Published: October 2022

Waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) are collected in high amounts in the EU. However, in order to enable safe and effective recycling of their plastic fraction, harmful additives inside the plastics need to be identified. In this study, two spectroscopic methods, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy were employed for characterizing different brominated flame retardants (BFRs) inside plastics from the actual WEEE stream, and also lab-made plastics. The results of this preliminary study indicate the ability of LIBS for accurate quantification of bromine content, and the prospective capability of Raman and combined Raman-LIBS for identifying different BFRs in plastics.
Radon emanation from dust of varying composition and size
Authors: Meng Yue , Busenitz Jerry , Piepke Andreas , Tsang Raymond , Wu Mengmeng , Yao Yukun
Published: October 2022

222Rn emanating from environmental dust constitutes an important background component for many low-energy, low-rate experiments.
Radon emanation rates from dust and rock, thus, are important for experiment planning. In this paper, we report measured radon emanation fractions for five types of dry dust differing in grain size and composition. These data were obtained by a novel technique in γ-spectroscopy, measuring emanated and non-emanated 222Rn progeny activities as well as the parent 226Ra activity in a time series. The range of observed radon emanation
fractions is (3.7 ± 2.0)% to (16.2 ± 0.9)%. Four of the five samples are standardized samples available commercially, so additional investigations of these samples may be readily carried out.
A bioinspired apparatus for modeling peristaltic pumping in biophysical flows
Authors: Ibanez R , Kelley D H
Published: October 2022

In this study, we present a novel, bioinspired experimental apparatus, its construction, data acquisition methodology, and validation for the study of peristaltic flows. The apparatus consists of a series of stepper motor actuators, which deflect a deformable membrane to produce peristaltic flows. We show that this apparatus design has significant advantages over previous designs that have been used to study peristaltic flows by offering a much wider range of modeling capabilities. Comparisons between the capabilities of our apparatus and previous ones show our apparatus spanning a larger range of wavelength λ, wave speed c, amplitude A, and waveform (i.e. the apparatus is not constrained to nondispersive waves or to a sinusoidal shape). This large parameter range makes the apparatus a useful tool for biomimetic experimental modeling, particularly for systems that have complex waveforms, such as peristaltic flows in perivascular vessels, arteries, the cochlea, and the urethra. We provide details on the experimental design and construction for ease of reconstruction to the reader. The apparatus capabilities are validated for a large parameter range by comparing experimental measurements to analytic results from (Ibanez et al 2021 Phys. Rev. Fluids
6 103101) for high Reynolds number (Re > 1) and (Jaffrin and Shapiro 1971 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
3 3–37) for low Reynolds number (Re < 1) applications. We show that the apparatus is useful for biophysical peristaltic studies and has potential applications in other types of studies.
Optimizing and designing a leg shape to increase robustness of a running robot on rough terrain
Authors: Gaathon Adar , Degani Amir
Published: October 2022

The superior ability of dynamic legged locomotion in traversing rough terrain relative to wheeled or tracked mechanisms comes with the cost of fragile stability. Simple control methods that use only a few basic detection sensors and apply a single controller help robots keep their balance when traversing unforeseen rough terrain. Exploiting multiple controllers simultaneously, such as the free leg length and stiffness in our hopping monopod, can further improve robustness but is often mechanically hard to implement. This work demonstrates that a curved leg shape can improve the robustness of a robot to perturbations in both terrain levels and initial horizontal velocity without complicating the control scheme. Our work develops spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) based models that manifest the coupling of the leg’s parameters and capture the rolling motion. We use these models to find an optimal combination of parameters that maximizes a measure for long-term stability−reaching a desired relative height above terrain. We demonstrate that when traversing unknown rough terrain, such optimal coupling can increase robustness to perturbations in the initial horizontal velocity by 93% relative to the optimal conventional SLIP model. We further demonstrate our results in experiments.
Generation and integration of hair follicle-primed spheroids in bioengineered skin constructs
Authors: Tan Chew Teng , Leo Zhenn Yi , Lim Chin Yan
Published: October 2022

Skin is a complex organ made up of different cell layers, appendages, connective tissues, and immune repertoires. These different components interact extensively to maintain the overall functions of the integumentary system. In particular, appendages such as hair follicles critically contribute to the skin’s function in thermoregulation, sensory perception, and homeostatic regeneration. Despite a strong need for better skin regenerative therapeutics, efforts to bio-engineer highly functional appendage-containing human reconstituted skin in vitro have not yielded much success. Here, we report methods in generating and incorporating hair follicle-primed heterotypic spheroids into epidermal-dermal skin constructs that induced invaginating outgrowths with follicle-like organization and lineage gene expression. By co-culturing epithelial keratinocytes (KCs) with dermal papilla (DP) cells in low attachment plates, we established the media and culture conditions that best supported the viability, signalling and remodelling of the cell aggregates to form 3D KC-DP spheroids with the expression of both DP inductiveness and hair follicle lineage genes. We show that long-term growth and maturation of KC cells in these spheroids was supported by incorporation into epidermal-dermal constructs but not in scaffold-less media. When cultured, the bio-fabricated constructs developed invaginations from the integrated spheroids with follicle-forming potential. The generation of these constructs is a step towards the development of functional hair-bearing skin mimetics.
Fabrication of scaffold-free mesenchyme tissue bands by cell self-aggregation technique for potential use in tissue regeneration
Authors: Ota Tomoyuki , Iwai Ryosuke , Kitaguchi Yohei , Takarada Takeshi , Kimata Yoshihiro
Published: October 2022

Three-dimensional cell constructs comprising only tissue-specific cells and extracellular matrix secreted by them would be ideal transplants, but their fabrication in a cell aggregation manner without cell scaffolds relies on random cell self-aggregation, making the control of their size and shape difficult. In this study, we propose a method to fabricate band-shaped tissues by inducing the self-aggregation of cell sheets using the developed cell self-aggregation technique (CAT). Acting as cell aggregation stoppers, silicone semicircular pillars were attached to two positions equidistant from both short ends of the rounded rectangular culture groove and coated with a specifically charged biomimetic polymer as a CAT-inducing surface. Mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and skeletal myoblast cells seeded on the surface of the culture grooves formed band-shaped aggregates between the two aggregation stoppers following spontaneous detachment with aggregation of the cell sheet from the outer edge of the grooves during day one of culture. The aggregated chondrocyte band matured into a cartilage-like plate with an abundant cartilage matrix while retaining its band shape after two weeks of chondrogenic cultivation. Additionally, the aggregates of mesenchymal stem cells and myoblast cell bands could patch the induced collagen membrane derived from rat subcutaneous tissue like a bandage immediately after their formation and successfully mature into fat and muscle tissues, respectively. These results indicate that, depending on the cell type, scaffold-free band-shaped cell aggregates produced by CAT have the potential to achieve tissue regeneration that follows the shape of the defect via in vitro maturation culture or in vivo organization.
Coupling agricultural system models with machine learning to facilitate regional predictions of management practices and crop production
Authors: Xiao Liujun , Wang Guocheng , Zhou Hangxin , Jin Xiao , Luo Zhongkui
Published: October 2022

Process-based agricultural system models are a major tool for assessing climate-agriculture-management interactions. However, their application across large scales is limited by computational cost, model uncertainty, and data availability, hindering policy-making for sustainable agricultural production at the scale meaningful for land management by farmers. Using the Agricultural Production System sIMulator (APSIM) as an example model, the APSIM model was run for 101 years from 1980 to 2080 in a typical cropping region (i.e., the Huang-Huai-Hai plain) of China. Then, machine learning (ML)-based models were trained to emulate the performance of the APSIM model and used to map crop production and soil carbon (which is a key indicator of soil health and quality) dynamics under a great number of nitrogen and water management scenarios. We found that ML-based emulators can accurately and quickly reproduce APSIM predictions of crop yield and soil carbon dynamics across the region under different spatial resolutions, and capture main processes driving APSIM predictions with much less input data. In addition, the emulators can be easily and quickly applied to identify optimal nitrogen management to achieve yield potential and sequester soil carbon across the region. The approach can be used for modelling other complex systems and amplifying the usage of agricultural system models for guiding agricultural management strategies and policy-making to address global environmental challenges from agriculture intensification.
The Determinants of Farmers’ Technical Efficiency in Corn Production: Empirical Evidence from Jambi Province
Authors: Edison
Published: October 2022

The various levels of production will reflect uncertainty and risk factors in corn farming. The main problem in corn farming is that the productivity level is still low. This low level of productivity is due to farmers’ limited ability to allocate inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and appropriate pesticides in peat land. This study aimed to estimate technical efficiency and its determinants in corn production in Jambi Province, Indonesia. In this study, 2020 corn planting season data were used. A sample of 120 corn farmers was taken randomly by the stratified random sampling technique based on cross-sectional data that were collected in 2021. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function with incorporation of inefficiency effects was employed to analyze the data. According to the results, the technical efficiency rate ranged from 63.46% to 99.54%, with an average of 74%. The significant factors found to positively affect corn yield were seed quantity, potash fertilizer, labor, and corn variety. Meanwhile, nitrogen fertilizer and pesticide were negatively related to corn yield. The significant determinants of technical efficiency that were positively related to technical inefficiency included educational attainment, training, credit access, and household labor
Effect of shading on plant growth of 4 varieties of hybrid corn
Authors: Dewi Riska Kurnia , Suliansyah Irfan , Anwar Aswaldi , Syarif Auzar , Rahmah Mela
Published: October 2022

Agricultural land in Indonesia continues to decrease every year so that the use of plantation areas can be an alternative in increasing corn production. This study aimed to obtain corn varieties that can grow and produce well in shaded conditions. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor on the main plot is the shade (S) i.e., no shade (S1), 25% light interception shade (S2), and 50% light interception shade (S3). The second factor in the sub-plot is the hybrid corn variety (V) consisting of Bima 20 (V1), JH-37 (V2), Nasa 29 (N3), and Pioneer P32 (V4). The results showed that two varieties produce a high yield in 50% light interception conditions, which are JH-37 and Bima 20 with kernel dry weights of 6.04 and 6.43 tons/ha, respectively. On plant growth, shade treatment did not have a significant effect on the plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area, but affects the diameter of the stems.
ACC1 and ACC2 Genes Expression Microalgae Skletonema costatum On Stress Aeration And fotoperiode In Simultans
Authors: Nurhidayati Tutik , Purnobasuki Hery , Muslihatin Wirdatul
Published: October 2022

Abiotic stresses such as photoperiod, aeration, CO2 concentration, pH, temperature, and salinity can affect and salinity the physiological processes of microalgae. One of the physiological processes that occur is a change in the lipid biosynthetic pathway towards the formation and accumulation of neutral lipids. Neutral lipid accumulation in the form of TAGs. TAGs as one of the defense mechanisms. The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis is initiated by the ACC1 and ACC2 genes. This study aims to determine the expression of ACC1 and ACC2 genes under conditions of aeration stress and photoperiod simultaneously in microalgae Skeletonema costatum. The method used was the analysis of gene expression in the sample of S. costatum RNA extract using qRT-PCR. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the ACC1 gene was expressed and upregulated in the A2F2 treatment (24-hour aeration and 24:0 photoperiod) with a CT value of 36.85 while the ACC2 gene was expressed and upregulated in the A1F1 treatment (12-hour aeration and 12:12 photoperiod). with the CT value of 36,874.
The Effects of Salt Particle Size and The Formulation of Nagara Bean Tempeh Flour with White Oyster Mushroom on Salty and Umami Taste Perception
Authors: Susi Susi , Al Hakim Hisyam Musthafa , Rahmawati
Published: October 2022

The prevalence of hypertension in South Kalimantan based on the health development program in 2018 reached 44.1%, which means South Kalimantan is the province with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. Excessive consumption of salt (sodium) can cause a direct impact on blood pressure: people with high levels of salt consumption have an increase in blood pressure. Efforts to reduce salt consumption must also pay attention to the level of acceptance by consumers. Seasoning reformulation should maintain the product taste. Among various seasoning reformulation technologies are reducing salt particle size and blending salt with other ingredients as a flavor enhancer. This study aimed to determine the roles of salt (NaCl) size and the addition of the Nagara bean tempeh flour and oyster mushroom formulation in enhancing the umami taste to reduce salt use. Reducing the salt particle size down to 100 mesh had not given any significant effect yet on the strengthening of the perception of salty and umami taste. On the other hand, the formulation of Nagara bean tempeh flour and white oyster mushroom in a ratio of 100:0 could give a strong perception of umami taste to the seasoning powder, which was no different from the formulation in a ratio of 90:10. In conclusion, the glutamate component contained in Nagara bean tempeh flour can be an alternative source of good umami taste.
Trichoderma sp. Breeding from Bamboo Stems (Schizostachyum brachycladum) and Its Application as an Inoculant for Organic Fertilizer Fermenters According to SNI 7763:2018
Authors: Ramaiyulis  , Dharma Setya
Published: October 2022

This research is an applied study involving the Al Falah farmer group in West Sumatra, Indonesia and was intended to develop a quality organic fertilizer processing technology based on SNI-7763:2018. A Trichoderma sp. culture was bred using bamboo stems (Schizostachyum brachycladum) on a bran medium in an incubator at 39 °C and 75% RH. Cow feces was air-dried for reduced water content from 82% to 60%, mixed with poultry feces (at a ratio of 60:40), and added with 0.3% Trichoderma sp. culture. The mixture was then stacked at a thickness of 70 cm for 7 days. The fermentation results showed an average fermentation temperature of 58 °C and changes in the pH of cow feces and poultry feces from 8.8 to 7.2 and from 3.6 to 6.8, respectively. The following data were also obtained: macronutrient content N = 2.82%, P = 2.78%, and K = 3.21%; organic matter content = 82.89%; C-organic content = 21.20%; C/N ratio = 7.52; and by-products = 1.02%. Based on the results of this research, the organic fertilizer produced complies with SNI-7763:2018.
Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular for Reclamation of Coal Mining Using Land to Determine Characteristics of Rumen Fluids and Gas Production of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum of CV. Taiwan)
Authors: Evitayani  , Agustin F. , Warly L. , Syamsuardi  , Kasim Ivan M
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the nutritional values of elephant grass to save critical land and provide forage quality animal feed which decreases due to conversion. This study employed the experimental method using a randomized block design with five types of treatments and four replications (groups). Fungi Mycorrizal Arbuscula (FMA) cv. Glomus manihotis will be inoculated at a dose of 10 grams/clump. The treatments comprise of A = 100% N, P, and K without FMA; B = 100% N, P, and K + FMA; C = 75% N, P, and K + FMA; D = 50% N, P, and K + FMA; E = 25% N, P, and K + FMA. The analysis results show that the treatments on the characteristics of rumen fluid, gas production, and metabolism energy (ME) are not significantly different (P > 0.05). The pH ranges from 6.86 (E) to 6.89 (B); the N-NH3 ranges from 11.20 (A) to 13.60 mg/100 ml (C); the VFA ranges from 93.3 (A) to 130.30 mM (E); gas production ranges from 34.40 (A) to 40.42 (ml/200 mg DM) (E). To conclude, adding 25% N, P, and K Fertilizer + FMA of Glomus manihotis 10 grams is the best process for the characteristics of rumen fluids and gas production.
Yield, Dry Production, And Revenue Cost Ratios Of Pennisetum Purpureum Of Cv. Taiwan In Ultisol Soil With Biotechnology Of Bisozyme Mixed Arbuscular Mycorrizal Fungi
Authors: Evitayani  , Amir A. , Warly L. , Yani S. , Kasim Ivan.M.
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the effects of Bisozyme mixed with Arbuscular
Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) CV. Glomus manihotis on yield, production, and revenue cost ratio (RCR) of Pennisetum purpureum of CV. Taiwan in ultisol soil for the first harvest in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The N, P, and K fertilizers for AMF CV. Glomus manihotis inoculation is used at recommended doses of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. Whereas, AMF is inoculated with a dose of 10 grams/grass plant clump. This research employed Bisozyme DT 1000 type and Bisozyme MK 1000 type. This research was conducted using a randomized group design, four groups, and five variables. The groups were P0 (Manure + Fertilizer N, P, and K), P1 (Bisozyme), P2 (AMF CV. Glomus manihotis), P3 (Bisozyme + AMF CV. Glomus manihotis), and P4 (Bisozyme + AMF CV. Glomus manihotis + N, P, and K). The variables were yield, dry production, and RCR. The results of the statistical analysis have shown that the treatments are not significant (P < 0.05) for yield and dry production. Meanwhile, the RCR of grass is significantly different (P > 0.05). The yield, dry production, and RCR range from 57.50 (P1) to 66.53 (P4) ton/ha/year, from 12.18 (P1) to 14.93 (P4) ton/ha/harvesting, and from 1.54 (P2) to 6.71 (P0). These results conclude that Bisozyme mixed with FMA could be used as organic fertilizers to substitute N, P, and K fertilizers.
Ethnobotanical Study of Minangkabau and Aneuk Jamee Tradisional Food: Unique Tradisional Cuisine from Sawahlunto, West Sumatra
Authors: Nurainas  , Suwardi Adi Bejo , Yunita Ratna , Taufiq Ahmad , Harmawan Tisna , Wulandari Ratih , Syafira Faradilla , Syamsuardi dan
Published: October 2022

Plant material conservation for traditional cuisine in a particular ethnicity is very important to preserve their culture for sustainable utilization. Sawahlunto City consists of a multi-ethnic community with various cultures, customs, and traditions. This fact results in a unique variety of food types and diverse materials. Preliminary ethnobotanical research was conducted on two research sites (Talago Gunung and Rantih Village) in Sawahlunto district. This study aimed to investigate the variety of Minangkabau traditional foods in the Sawahlunto district of Indonesia. The data were obtained from sixteen respondents in the research sites through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analyses included the Use Value (UV) and Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) of each plant. The plant materials were identified and deposited at the Herbarium of Universitas Andalas. This study has revealed three main types of traditional foods: ‘ayam bungo jua’, ‘udang kasambi,’ and ‘gulai ayam talanjao.’ These three types of traditional cuisine have different plant diversities and use 18 plants species from 13 families. Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) is a pivotal plant to make the three traditional foods because it provides the highest UV value of 2.06. Another important case shows that culturally important plants with the three highest CFSI values are detected in red chili (Capsicum annuum), shallot (Allium ascalonicum), and garlic (Allium sativum). The detailed plant diversity and their conservation in this research are discussed in this article.
Model of Chlor Gas Electrolyzer from Salt Water Electrolysis as A Disinfectant for Room Air Microorganisms for TB Patients
Authors: Ganefati Sri Puji , Narto Narto , Yamtana Yamtana , Amri Choirul
Published: October 2022

Based on the laboratory test in book two, the results obtained: there is an effect of disinfecting the room air using Chlor gas from the electrolysis of saltwater on the decrease in the number of germs in the room air. The results of laboratory tests for room air disinfection using Chlor gas from the electrolysis of salt water or NaCl on exposure within 10 minutes, the content of Chlor gas is 0.0216 ppm and meets the quality standard. The number of airborne germs measured does not exceed 700 colonies/m3 of air. Until now, the electrolysis model with its variations has not been found to reduce airborne bacteria in TB patients with TB. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various electrolysis models on the reduction of indoor air bacteria in TB patients. This study uses an experimental type with pre-test and post-test designs. The independent variables in this study were various models of electrolysis and the dependent variable was the decrease in airborne bacteria in the TB patient room. All TB patients in the working area of Puskesmas throughout Yogyakarta as many as 83 Puskesmas became a population in this study. Meanwhile, all TB patients in the working area of Gamping II Public Health Center, Sleman, were the samples in this study. This study shows that there is an effect of room disinfection with the Electrolysis method on the reduction of room bacteria (P = 0.000), and the Electrolysis model one is the tool that reduces bacteria the most, which is 51.0 x 10-5 CFU/m3 (60.5%). The results of the study are recommended to be tested for acceptance of the Electrolysis I, II, and III models by the public.
A short review of recent engineering applications of natural fibres
Authors: Sapuan S. M. , Harussani M. M. , Syafri Edi
Published: October 2022

Many researchers and industry players are investigating possible uses of natural fibres in order to raise environmental consciousness, preserve nature, and benefit social economy. In the composite business sector, there are several advantageous natural fibre sources open up for a variety of applications. It is worth noting that the performance of natural fibre-reinforced composites may be customized by natural fibre treatment and hybridization. An equilibrium between environmental consequences and desired performance as well as cost-effectiveness may be accomplished by developing composites depending on the product needs. However, some limitations, including their hydrophilic nature and their tendency to absorb moisture during processing, severely restricts natural fibres’ potential for use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Thus, the key discoveries provided in the extant literature are reviewed in this brief overview, with an emphasis on the qualities of natural fibres and their recent progress in several engineering areas.
Exploration And Antioxidant Analysis of Moringa Oleifera Using the DPPH Method
Authors: Setiawan Ryan Budi , Syarif Zulfadly , Firdaus  , Handayani Mellyyana
Published: October 2022

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has the potential to be an ingredient of superfood and biopharmaceutical because it is rich in nutrients, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. Moringa leaves contain antioxidants to neutralize and stabilize free radicals in the body. Moringa exploration is important for the purpose of finding trees to be used as sources of superior seeds. This study aimed to obtain a Moringa tree with the highest antioxidant content. An exploration had been carried out from June to July 2021 in four cities/regencies in West Sumatra, namely Padang City, Solok City, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and Solok Selatan Regency. Coordinate data were analyzed using ArcGIS, and antioxidant activity test results were analyzed using the DPPH method. From the exploration, 36 Moringa trees were found with different characters. The results of the testing of the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts showed that there were 3 parent trees that had high antioxidant activity, marked by the lowest IC50 values, namely those in Padang City (0.17%), Solok City (0.17%), and Solok Selatan Regency (0.19%).
Systematic Review of the Early Detection and Classification of Plant Diseases Using Deep Learning
Authors: Derisma  , Rokhman Nur , Usuman Ilona
Published: October 2022

Deep learning (DL) addresses the brilliant period of Artificial intelligence (AI) and is slowly developing into the main technique in numerous fields. Currently it assumes a significant part in the early location and order of plant diseases. Plant diseases have long been one of the main threats to food security, significantly reducing crop yields and quality. Therefore accurate disease diagnosis is the main goal. The utilization of machine learning (ML) innovation in this space is accepted to have prompted a huge expansion in usefulness in the hydroponics area, particularly in the new rise of ML which appears to expand the degree of precision. As the latest modern technology in image processing and successful application in various fields, deep learning has great potential and broad prospects in agriculture. This paper surveys 40 studies using deep learning methods applied to agriculture and food production. In this study, deep learning is compared to other popular image processing techniques. The findings show that deep learning provides better performance. Future directions may additionally consist of the usage of drones and agricultural robots to automate photo seize and then zooming in on plant sickness image datasets, using newly posted fashions that describe more efficient architectures with fewer parameters, as well as the use of new techniques for photograph enlargement inclusive of generative adversarial networks (GANs).
Soil Investigation Analysis Bearing Capacity of Caisson Foundation Makassar City Bblk Service Building
Authors: Sanggaria Olan Jujun , Apriyani Ika
Published: October 2022

Soil investigation is an effort to obtain underground information for planning civil building foundations. The existence of a soil investigation can determine the bearing capacity of the foundation. One type of foundation that is planned is a caisson foundation. Soil investigation includes, among others, soil drilling, soil sampling, field testing and laboratory testing. A Referring to the technical data, the caisson foundation plan scheme used has a diameter of 60-1000cm, the selection of the most suitable diameter is adjusted to the load plan of the superstructure while the foundation depth is recommended to pass through a bedrock layer of 20-30cm. Technically, the soil layer is sufficient to withstand vertical loads, this is indicated by the value of Qc>150kg/cm2 and NSPT>60, but the location of the building is on sloping land with the distribution of bedrock layers that have a slope following the profile of the soil surface, so the potential for uplift is ) can occur due to lateral forces, this is also supported by the uneven embankment material from the original soil surface profile so that the load acting is uneven on the embankment layer.
Ethnobotany and conservation of Araceae of Sasak community in Ende, Sengkol Village, Central Lombok
Authors: Rahayu S M , Hakim L , Indriyani S , Sukenti K
Published: October 2022

Araceae is one of the plant family contains many species which are consumed by local community, especially in tropical developing countries. This study aims to determine the ethnobotany and conservation of Araceae of Sasak Community in Ende, Sengkol Village, Central Lombok. The research was conducted using interview and observation methods. Based on the research, there are two species of Araceae, namely: tojang (Colocasia esculenta) and lomak (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) which were consumed as food. The Sasak community in Ende, Sengkol Village, Central Lombok preserves tojang and lomak by planting them in their homegarden.
Onion Extract Soaking Duration on the Germination of Porang Plant Bulbil (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)
Authors: Karmaita Yummama , Illahi Ayu Kurnia , Sari Deliana Andam , Kurniasih Dedeh
Published: October 2022

Bubil is one of the materials needed for porang plant propagation. Bubil is a vegetative propagation material that is found on each meeting of the stem and takes three to four months to germinate. The length of time for bubil germination is often a problem in the cultivation of porang plants. One of the efforts made to speed up germination time is to use growth regulator treatments. The purpose of this study is to determine the best duration for the soaking of shallot extract on the germination of the bubil porang plant. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments used were B0 = 1 hour, B1 = 2 hours, B2 = 3 hours, and B3 = 4 hours. The research data were analyzed using the Anova table, if the F count is greater than the F table of 5%, then a further test is carried out with the Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The observed variables were the time of the emergence of plumules, the height of the seedlings, the number of leaf blades, and the width of the leaf blades. The results of the analysis of the Anova table showed that the duration of soaking the onion extract on the germination of the Bubil porang plants showed significantly different results with respect to the time of the emergence of plumules and plant height, but not significantly different to the number of leaves and leaf width. Out of the four treatments used, a soaking time of 4 hours gave the best results on the time of emergence of plumules (77 days after sowing) and the height of the seedlings (23.50 cm).
Development of an Intelligent Decision Support System for Natural Rubber Agroindustry Using the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Hendra  , Marimin  , Herdiyeni Yeni
Published: October 2022

Indonesia is one of the world’s largest natural rubber producers. One industry that is closely related to environmental problems is the natural rubber agroindustry. The higher the production of natural rubber, the higher the impact on the environment. The purpose of this study is to choose an alternative to increase the production of natural rubber cultivation by considering the impact on the environment. The research method employed consists of several stages, namely determining the value of fuzzy membership of expert judgments, making an ANP structure, and comparing calculation results. The results of the alternative selection using the fuzzy ANP show that utilization of the waste from the cultivation process is the best alternative with the highest value of 1,010.
Effect of Voltage Source Differences on Hydrogen Gas Production by Electrolysis-photocatalysis Reactor Systems
Authors: Maulana F , Engge Y , Nurhuda M , Istiroyah
Published: October 2022

We have evaluated the process of watersplitting into hydrogen gas. Electrolysis-photocatalysis reactor is used to harvest hydrogen gas through water splitting, a combination of electrolysis and photocatalysis reactions. The concentration of hydrogen gas (H2) is detected by the MQ-8 sensor and the number of bubbles is calculated. Evaluation of watersplitting is done by varying the DC voltage source (3V, 6V, 9V, 12V). We found the highest concentration of H2 gas was produced at 12 volts 616300 ppm for 600 seconds, The largest increase from the photocatalyst-electrolysis reaction combination was found to be 182017 ppm. Here we observe a linear increase in hydrogen with increasing voltage which results in a faster electrolysis process. But what is most interesting is the increase in H2 during the simultaneous electrolysis-photocatalysis process. the combined reaction has increased the amount of hydrogen greater than the sum of the photocatalytic and electrolysis reactions taking place separately. It is most likely that a mutually reinforcing reaction occurs so that the overall activation energy of the system becomes smaller in the process of dissociating water into hydrogen.
Inflow Analysis into Bili-Bili Reservoir
Authors: Lukman Melly , Tanan Benyamin , Resta Misjevani
Published: October 2022

Bili-bili Reservoir was built with the main objective of controlling flooding in Makassar City. With a flood control capacity of 41 million m3 with an initial capacity of 347.82 million cubic to 239.76 million cubic due to increased sediment in the reservoir so that if there is high rainfall it has the potential to cause flooding. The research entitled “Inflow Analysis to Bili-Bili Reservoir”, has a problem formulation of how the relationship between rainfall and inflow (discharge) entering the reservoir and how the comparison between inflow based on rainfall data and AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder). The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between rainfall and inflow discharge into the reservoir and to compare the inflow discharge based on the results of rainfall analysis with the inflow based on AWLR. This study uses secondary data from the Pompengan Jeneberang River Basin Center (BBWS). The regional average rainfall analysis used the Thiessen method, while the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) Gama I method was used for flood discharge analysis. For flood discharge analysis, the maximum annual rainfall was selected according to the maximum inflow recorded at the Bilibili Dam AWLR. From the calculation of the HSS Gama 1 parameter, the rise time is 2.72 hours and the peak ordinate is 10.290 m3/second. When compared with the inflow (discharge) data on the Bili-Bili AWLR, the results of the calculation of the discharge with HSS Gama I are smaller in value with a difference of 20.50% to 31.46%.
Design and Development of Young Areca Nut Slicing Machine
Authors: Ernita Yuni , Novita Sri Aulia , Herdian Fithra , Hasman Elvin , Hendra  , Melly Sandra , Yuliana Fanny
Published: October 2022

The selling price of thinly sliced young areca nut is higher than that round areca and splited areca nut, but the manual slicing process takes a long time, about 8 minutes/kg, and this process has a high risk. The young areca nut slicing machine was developed to solve the problem of manual slicing. The purpose of the research is to conduct machine design, machine testing (verification test, machine performance test, service test), and economic analysis. The young areca nut slicing machine was made and tested at the Metal Workshop and Agricultural Machine Tool Laboratory of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic from June to September 2021. The machine was made according to structural and functional designs. Verification tests were carried out with the aim of technically matching the data with the results of machine measurements. Parameter measurements were carried out to explain the performance of the young areca slicing machine. The parameters measured were: slicing capacity, slicing quality (average thickness and percentage of damage), specific power requirements, and power transmission efficiency. Economic analysis was carried out to explain fixed costs, variable costs, basic costs, and the break-even point. The results of the verification of the areca nut slicing machine are that with vertical type, specifications 65 x 45 x 75) cm, the driving motor is a 1 HP electric motor with a rotation speed of 1480 RPM that is transmitted through a v-belt connected to a pulley speed reducer and transmitted via a v-belt to slicer shaft. The results of the slicing capacity performance test are 50 kg/hour, slicing quality (4.2 mm thickness, and 8 percent broken percentage), the specific power requirement is 0.015 kw-hour/kg and the power transmission efficiency of 8.6%. The results of the economic analysis of the areca nut slicing machine are: fixed costs of IDR of 1,425,000/year, variable costs of IDR 11,397/hour, basic cost of IDR 239,8/kg, and the break-even point of IDR 1.845,7 kg/year. The developed areca nut slicing machine can increase the capacity, quality, and effectiveness of slicing young areca nut.