bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-Enhanced MRI Accurately Identifies, Quantifies, and Maps Tumor Hypoxia in Preclinical Cancer Models
Authors: O'Connor James P.B. , Boult Jessica K.R. , Jamin Yann , Babur Muhammad , Finegan Katherine G. , Williams Kaye J. , Little Ross A. , Jackson Alan , Parker Geoff J.M. , Reynolds Andrew R. , Waterton John C. , Robinson Simon P.
Published: December 2015

There is a clinical need for noninvasive biomarkers of tumor hypoxia for prognostic and predictive studies, radiotherapy planning, and therapy monitoring. Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) is an emerging imaging technique for quantifying the spatial distribution and extent of tumor oxygen delivery in vivo. In OE-MRI, the longitudinal relaxation rate of protons (ΔR1) changes in proportion to the concentration of molecular oxygen dissolved in plasma or interstitial tissue fluid. Therefore, well-oxygenated tissues show positive ΔR1. We hypothesized that the fraction of tumor tissue refractory to oxygen challenge (lack of positive ΔR1, termed “Oxy-R fraction”) would be a robust biomarker of hypoxia in models with varying vascular and hypoxic features. Here, we demonstrate that OE-MRI signals are accurate, precise, and sensitive to changes in tumor pO2 in highly vascular 786-0 renal cancer xenografts. Furthermore, we show that Oxy-R fraction can quantify the hypoxic fraction in multiple models with differing hypoxic and vascular phenotypes, when used in combination with measurements of tumor perfusion. Finally, Oxy-R fraction can detect dynamic changes in hypoxia induced by the vasomodulator agent hydralazine. In contrast, more conventional biomarkers of hypoxia (derived from blood oxygenation-level dependent MRI and dynamic contrast–enhanced MRI) did not relate to tumor hypoxia consistently. Our results show that the Oxy-R fraction accurately quantifies tumor hypoxia noninvasively and is immediately translatable to the clinic. Cancer Res; 76(4); 787–95. ©2015 AACR.
Integrative Analysis Reveals the Transcriptional Collaboration between EZH2 and E2F1 in the Regulation of Cancer-Related Gene Expression
Authors: Xu Han , Xu Kexin , He Housheng H. , Zang Chongzhi , Chen Chen-Hao , Chen Yiwen , Qin Qian , Wang Su , Wang Chenfei , Hu Shengen , Li Fugen , Long Henry , Brown Myles , Liu X. Shirley
Published: December 2015

Overexpression of EZH2 is frequently linked to the advanced and metastatic stage of cancers. The mechanisms of its oncogenic function can be context specific, and may vary depending on the protein complexes that EZH2 interacts with. To identify novel transcriptional collaborators of EZH2 in cancers, a computational approach was developed that integrates protein–DNA binding data, cell perturbation gene expression data, and compendiums of tumor expression profiles. This holistic approach identified E2F1, a known mediator of the Rb tumor suppressor, as a transcriptional collaborator of EZH2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Subsequent analysis and experimental validation found EZH2 and E2F1 cobind to a subset of chromatin sites lacking H3K27 trimethylation, and activate genes that are critical for prostate cancer progression. The collaboration of EZH2 and E2F1 in transcriptional regulation is also observed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines, where activation of the transcriptional network is concordant with the cellular response to the EZH2 inhibitor.

Implications: The direct collaboration between EZH2 and Rb/E2F1 pathway provides an innovative mechanism underlying the cascade of tumor progression, and lays the foundation for the development of new anticancer targets/strategies. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 163–72. ©2015 AACR.
A Saki Saga: Dynamic and Disruptive Relationships among Pithecia aequatorialis in Ecuador
Authors: Porter Amy M. , Grote Mark N. , Isbell Lynne A. , Fernandez-Duque Eduardo , Di Fiore Anthony
Published: December 2015

Saki monkeys live in socially monogamous groups and in groups containing more than one same-sex adult. As part of a 10-year study of equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Ecuador, we documented the immigration of a second adult male into a group containing a resident male-female pair that had associated with one another for seven years and the resident female's two daughters. In the first month after immigration, the resident male spent more time closer to and grooming his putative adult daughter than the resident female, and the two males were seen performing a cooperative territorial display. After two months, the resident male interacted more with the resident female than with his putative adult daughter, while that daughter interacted more with the immigrant male and copulated with him. After three months, the males left the group together and associated with an unfamiliar female, leaving the resident females and a neonate behind. The resident male then paired with a new female, while the immigrant male joined another group, again as a second male. Compared to other socially monogamous primates, sakis appear to have a more variable social system whereby additional males can join established groups and form relationships with putatively unrelated males.
The Sustained-Exposure Dexamethasone Formulation OTO-104 Offers Effective Protection against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Harrop-Jones Anne , Wang Xiaobo , Fernandez Rayne , Dellamary Luis , Ryan Allen F. , LeBel Carl , Piu Fabrice
Published: December 2015

The otoprotective effects of OTO-104 were investigated both prior to and following acute acoustic trauma. Guinea pigs received a single intratympanic injection of OTO-104 and were assessed in a model of acute acoustic trauma. Doses of at least 2.0% OTO-104 offered significant protection against hearing loss induced by noise exposure when administered 1 day prior to trauma and up to 3 days thereafter. Otoprotection remained effective even with higher degrees of trauma. In contrast, the administration of a dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution did not protect against noise-induced hearing loss. Activation of the classical nuclear glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor pathways was required for otoprotection by OTO-104. The sustained exposure properties of OTO-104 were also superior to a steroid solution.
Nonlinear Dynamics Measures for Automated EEG-Based Sleep Stage Detection
Authors: Acharya U. Rajendra , Bhat Shreya , Faust Oliver , Adeli Hojjat , Chua Eric Chern-Pin , Lim Wei Jie Eugene , Koh Joel En Wei
Published: December 2015

Background: The brain's continuous neural activity during sleep can be monitored by electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The EEG wave pattern and frequency vary during five stages of sleep. These subtle variations in sleep EEG signals cannot be easily detected through visual inspection. Summary: A range of time, frequency, time-frequency and nonlinear analysis methods can be applied to understand the complex physiological signals and their chaotic behavior. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative review and analysis of 29 nonlinear dynamics measures for EEG-based sleep stage detection. Key Messages: The characteristic ranges of these features are reported for the five different sleep stages. All nonlinear measures produce clinically significant results, that is, they can discriminate the individual sleep stages. Feature ranking based on the statistical F-value, however, shows that the third order cumulant of higher order spectra yields the most discriminative result. The distinct value ranges for each sleep stage and the discriminative power of the features can be used for sleep disorder diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and drug efficacy assessment.
Contribution of Structural Chromosome Mutants to the Study of Meiosis in Plants
Authors: Naranjo Tomás
Published: December 2015

Dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition through the complex events of the meiotic process requires the use of gene mutants or RNAi-mediated gene silencing. A considerable number of meiotic mutants have been isolated in plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, maize or rice. However, structural chromosome mutants are also important for the identification of the role developed by different chromosome domains in the meiotic process. This review summarizes the contribution of studies carried out in plants using structural chromosome variations. Meiotic events concerning the search of the homologous partner, the control of number and distribution of chiasmata, the mechanism of pairing correction, and chromosome segregation are considered.
Challenges in the Management of Short Stature
Authors: Argente Jesús
Published: December 2015

Human growth, from fetal life to adolescence, is dynamic and a good marker of health. Growth is a complex process influenced by genetic, hormonal, nutritional and environmental factors, both pre- and postnatally. To date, no international agreement regarding normal height has been established. Auxological parameters are fundamental to investigate potential short stature (SS), either with a known diagnosis, e.g. disproportionate or proportionate, prenatal and/or postnatal onset, or an unknown diagnosis, i.e. idiopathic SS. The incidence/prevalence of SS is difficult to establish. The measurement of choice in children aged <2 years is length, while in those >2 years of age it is height. A number of monogenic diseases that lead to proportionate SS due to either isolated growth hormone deficiency, multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, growth hormone insensitivity, primary acid-labile subunit deficiency, primary IGF-1 deficiency, IGF-1 resistance, primary IGF-2 deficiency or primary protease deficiency have been discovered in the last 30 years. In addition, the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders revised in 2015 includes 436 conditions, with a number of genes of 364. A practical algorithm for the evaluation of SS as well as therapeutic options are discussed.
Probability of developing proximal deep-vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism after distal deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Patel Krishna , Chagin Kevin , Tunsupon Pichapong , Yampikulsakul Pojchawan , Shah Gautam V. , Wangsiricharoen Sintawat , Amah Linda , Allen Joshua , Shapiro Aryeh , Gupta Neha , Morgan Lillie , Kumar Rahul , Nielsen Craig , Rothberg Michael B. , Brateanu Andrei
Published: December 2015

Isolated distal deep-vein thrombosis (DDVT) of the lower extremities can be associated with subsequent proximal deep-vein thrombosis (PDVT) and/or acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to develop a model predicting the probability of developing PDVT and/or PE within three months after an isolated episode of DDVT. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic DDVT confirmed by lower extremity vein ultrasounds between 2001–2012 in the Cleveland Clinic Health System. We reviewed all the ultrasounds, chest ventilation/perfusion and computed tomography scans ordered within three months after the initial DDVT to determine the incidence of PDVT and/or PE. A multiple logistic regression model was built to predict the rate of developing these complications. The final model included 450 patients with isolated DDVT. Within three months, 30 (7%) patients developed an episode of PDVT and/or PE. Only two factors predicted subsequent thromboembolic complications: inpatient status (OR, 6.38; 95 % CI, 2.17 to 18.78) and age (OR, 1.02 per year; 95 % CI, 0.99 to 1.05). The final model had a bootstrap bias-corrected c-statistic of 0.72 with a 95 % CI (0.64 to 0.79). Outpatients were at low risk (<4 %) of developing PDVT/PE. Inpatients aged ≥ 60 years were at high risk (> 10%). Inpatients aged < 60 were at intermediate risk. We created a simple model that can be used to risk stratify patients with isolated DDVT based on inpatient status and age. The model might be used to choose between anticoagulation and monitoring with serial ultrasounds.
Desfiar a poética do tecido
Authors: Anjos Yuri Cerqueira dos , Morizono Vivian Yoshie Martins , Santos Aline Magalhães dos
Published: December 2015

Neste editorial fazemos um recorte do percurso investigativo proposto pelo número, apresentando também algumas reflexões mais gerais inspiradas na leitura do conjunto dos artigos.
La mode française sous l’occupation allemande dans le journal d’Andrzej Bobkowski 1940 –1944
Authors: Trojanowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2015

Bloqué à Paris en 1939 en route vers l’Amérique du Sud, Andrzej Bobkowski (1913–1961), écrivain et essayiste polonais, tient un journal intime durant la période de l’occupation allemande. Ce document d’une grande valeur, publié en français en 1991, est très riche en références culturelles, philosophiques et littéraires. Il fournit aussi des détails et observations fascinants sur la vie quotidienne des Parisiens sous la botte nazie où la mode et l’élégance de tous les jours deviennent une sorte de réponse esthétique à la situation et un devoir patriotique. Chapeaux fantaisie et chaussures à semelles de bois, fourrures de lapin et robes haute couture, jupes-culottes pour cyclistes et jambes peintes faute de bas de soie – la mode française des années noires sut allier la créativité, le confort et le chic pour rester fidèle à l’idéal de beauté et de féminité.
O tecer e o trajar: metáforas do empoderamento feminino em dois contos de Marina Colasanti
Authors: Santos Enedir Silva , Rodrigues Kelcilene Grácia
Published: December 2015

Os contos de Marina Colasanti transitam entre o real e o fantástico alinhavando ações que conduzem as relações humanas e seus dilemas. Suas narrativas curtas são retiradas das experiências diárias para suscitar reflexões muito mais abrangentes, pois são entrelaçados de palavras e situações que desvelam o cotidiano e o comportamento exigido da mulher. A partir da análise dos contos “A moça tecelã”, do livro Doze reis e a moça no labirinto do vento (1982), e “Plano matrimonial”, de Contos do amor rasgado (1982), evidenciamos de que forma a autora constrói, metaforicamente, na tessitura narrativa a roupa masculina e o trabalho da tecelã para refletir acerca do empoderamento da mulher. Os contos têm em comum a relação heterossexual das protagonistas intermediada pelos trajes masculinos, que se revestem de simbologia e revelam, no contexto literário, a explanação do lugar social da mulher e do homem, visto como uma das linhas que alinhavam a vivência humana. Desse modo, Marina Colasanti tece na trama discursiva as redes de significações reveladoras do fazer e do ser feminino.
A sombra das vossas asas: o corpo como rascunho e projeto de si
Authors: Wels Érica Schlude
Published: December 2015

Arquiteturas corporais, consumo, alta e baixa cultura e processos de hibridização na hipermodernidade são os temas centrais do recorte teórico do presente artigo, a partir da crítica empreendida por autores como Baudrillard (2004, 2003, 1991), Lipovetsky (2004), Canclini (2003, 1999). Como obra-síntese dessas questões, escolhemos o romance “A sombra das vossas asas” (1997), de Fernanda Young, no qual o corpo da escritora ganha voz no plano narrativo; o enredo se constitui a partir de uma reconstrução corporal da protagonista, com vistas à aparência da modelo Lee Miller. Participam igualmente dessa leitura aspectos midiáticos, presentes também na figura da romancista, além da sedução, proporcionada por uma espécie de projeto pessoal de si mesmo, guiado pela moda e pelo consumo.
Texto e têxtil em O Livro de Travesseiro
Authors: Cunha Andrei
Published: December 2015

Este texto é uma proposta de reflexão em três partes sobre o tema “roupa” em O Livro de Travesseiro, de Sei Shônagon (Japão, séculos X–XI), discutindo a importância dos fazeres relacionados ao têxtil na sociedade aristocrática japonesa da Antiguidade; as suas ressonâncias no contexto da moda no século XX; e a maneira como a metáfora escritura-corpo-vestimenta atualiza-se e amplifica-se na adaptação do livro para o cinema. No livro, texto, têxtil e memória confundem-se, formando uma metáfora complexa que é também um comentário sobre a condição feminina na Corte Imperial de Heian. A adaptação da obra para o cinema (O Livro de Cabeceira, de Peter Greenaway, 1996) conta com a colaboração do designer desconstrutivista Martin Margiela, e acrescenta novas camadas interpretativas a esse aglomerado de imagens relacionadas aos atos de escrever, tecer, ler, traduzir, adaptar e desconstruir. O caráter fragmentário da obra literária pode ainda ser lido como em diálogo com o jornalismo de moda do século XX. O ideal estético do okashi, da literatura clássica japonesa, encontra eco no conceito de pizzazz, de Diana Vreeland, assim como no esteticismo da poética modernista. A roupa como metáfora do texto e a ideia de que roupa é texto estão presentes nesses três momentos interpretativos.
Clément Marot: o principal editor antigo do corpus atribuído a François Villon
Authors: Costa Daniel Padilha Pacheco da
Published: December 2015

Neste artigo, pretende-se compreender os critérios históricos que orientaram as primeiras edições do corpus atribuído a François Villon. Embora as edições modernas utilizem critérios editoriais distintos (baseados na biografia do seu suposto autor empírico), elas retomam os contornos da principal edição antiga das Obras de François Villon de Paris (1532) por Clément Marot. Publicado postumamente, aquele corpus não recebeu nenhuma edição autorizada, mas foi em grande medida o resultado do trabalho coletivo dos seus primeiros editores. A partir das metáforas do véu e do corpo para o texto, Marot fundou a sua edição numa rigorosa interpretação do sentido moral do corpus. Desse modo, a edição Marot foi cronologicamente estruturada não em torno da “biografia”, mas da vida exemplar da personagem do vilão arrependido, segundo a cosmologia cristã da queda e redenção.
De la séduction textile à la séduction textuelle dans Le Paysan parvenu et La Vie de Marianne de Marivaux
Authors: Guilhembet Jacques
Published: December 2015

L’article évalue d’abord l’importance du textile dans le devenir des deux héros, Jacob et Marianne, et examine le pouvoir de séduction que leur offrent leurs nouveaux habits, sur eux-mêmes ou sur autrui. Une fois devenus narrateurs, c’est par l’écriture qu’ils tentent de créer une connivence avec leurs destinataires et de les influencer en leur faveur, en ornant, tissant ou brodant le canevas de leur existence. L’article analyse donc les principaux procédés rhétoriques utilisés par les deux narrateurs pour séduire le lecteur : l’affirmation de la spontanéité de l’écriture, le tissage du lien avec la narrataire, l’appel à l’émotion, l’autojustification, la mise en valeur de soi, la réécriture romanesque du passé, l’humour et l’autodérision.
Os vestidos de Lúcia: Personagem e vestuário em Lucíola de José de Alencar
Authors: Hernandes Gabriel Queiroz Guimarães
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo tem por objetivo explorar na obra Lucíola, do escritor brasileiro José de Alencar, algumas relações que se estabelecem entre os sentidos do texto e o vestuário utilizado por Lúcia, protagonista do romance, ao longo da história. Procuramos construir uma relação entre a moda, a atmosfera das ambientações do romance e a personagem, a fim de mostrar como se articulam, em nível textual, esses elementos.
Functional Recovery of a Human Neonatal Heart After Severe Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Haubner Bernhard J. , Schneider Johanna , Schweigmann Ulrich , Schuetz Thomas , Dichtl Wolfgang , Velik-Salchner Corinna , Stein Joerg-I. , Penninger Josef M.
Published: December 2015

Rationale
:

Cardiac remodeling and subsequent heart failure remain critical issues after myocardial infarction despite improved treatment and reperfusion strategies. Recently, cardiac regeneration has been demonstrated in fish and newborn mice after apex resection or cardiac infarctions. Two key issues remain to translate findings in model organisms to future therapies in humans: what is the mechanism and can cardiac regeneration indeed occur in newborn humans?

Objective
:

To assess whether human neonatal hearts can functionally recover after myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results
:

Here, we report the case of a newborn child having a severe myocardial infarction due to coronary artery occlusion. The child developed massive cardiac damage as defined by serum markers for cardiomyocyte cell death, electrocardiograms, echocardiography, and cardiac angiography. Remarkably, within weeks after the initial ischemic insult, we observed functional cardiac recovery, which translated into long-term normal heart function.

Conclusions
:

These data indicate that, similar to neonatal rodents, newborn humans might have the intrinsic capacity to repair myocardial damage and completely recover cardiac function.
Inducing Implicit Arguments from Comparable Texts: A Framework and Its Applications
Authors: Roth Michael , Frank Anette
Published: December 2015

In this article, we investigate aspects of sentential meaning that are not expressed in local predicate–argument structures. In particular, we examine instances of semantic arguments that are only inferable from discourse context. The goal of this work is to automatically acquire and process such instances, which we also refer to as implicit arguments, to improve computational models of language. As contributions towards this goal, we establish an effective framework for the difficult task of inducing implicit arguments and their antecedents in discourse and empirically demonstrate the importance of modeling this phenomenon in discourse-level tasks.

Our framework builds upon a novel projection approach that allows for the accurate detection of implicit arguments by aligning and comparing predicate–argument structures across pairs of comparable texts. As part of this framework, we develop a graph-based model for predicate alignment that significantly outperforms previous approaches. Based on such alignments, we show that implicit argument instances can be automatically induced and applied to improve a current model of linking implicit arguments in discourse. We further validate that decisions on argument realization, although being a subtle phenomenon most of the time, can considerably affect the perceived coherence of a text. Our experiments reveal that previous models of coherence are not able to predict this impact. Consequently, we develop a novel coherence model, which learns to accurately predict argument realization based on automatically aligned pairs of implicit and explicit arguments.
New Perspectives for Climate Justice: District Court of The Hague, 24 June 2015, Urgenda Foundation versus the Netherlands
Authors: Tabau Anne-Sophie , Cournil Christel
Published: December 2015

The climate mitigation target of the Netherlands violating the State’s duty of care, it has to be elevated to reach at least -25% in 2020 compared to 1990. This ruling of the District Court of the Hague in the case opposing the ngo Urgenda to the Netherlands marks a turning point of climate justice. Although limited in its scope, it contributes to the subjectivization of climate justice actors but also to the objectivization of associated liability, opening the way for a “dialogue of judges” and influence on international negotiations.
A Dutch Court’s ‘Revolutionary’ Climate Policy Judgment: The Perversion of Judicial Power, the State’s Duties of Care, and Science
Authors: Bergkamp Lucas
Published: December 2015

The latest move in the environmentalists’ fight against climate change involves judicial proceedings against states. In these proceedings, climate action groups seek court orders to force governments to impose more stringent measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A recent judgment by a Dutch court has given this strategy momentum. In the Urgenda case, the court ruled that the Dutch government owes a duty of care to its citizens to provide protection against the risks posed by climate change. On this basis, the court ordered the government to revise its current policies to ensure that by 2020 carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by at least 25% compared to 1990 levels. As this article demonstrates, this kind of litigation raises constitutional issues, because courts may not infringe on the legislature’s prerogatives. Climate policy-making requires a series of value judgments and policy choices, and the state has non-justiciable discretion as to how it meets its duties of care.
Legally Obliged to Plan: Effective Climate Change Mitigation by Means of Policy Planning under the Finnish Climate Act?
Authors: Kymenvaara Sara
Published: December 2015

This article analyses certain parameters relevant to the effectiveness of the Finnish Climate Act (609/2015) which obliges state authorities to plan and monitor the national climate policy. The Act was enacted predominantly for the purpose of achieving emission reduction in societal sectors outside emissions trading. Although policy planning with legislative basis may be a necessary first step for all-encompassing emission reduction in the said sectors, the architecture of the Climate Act raises questions on, for example, the legal form and specific contents of the climate policy plans, and how the plans are addressed by sectoral legislation. The article discusses certain measures, such as sector-specific governance of policy planning and integration of climate concerns into sectoral legislation, which may be necessary for effective emission reduction. The interface between the Climate Act and sectoral legislation is exemplified through climate law in the Finnish transport sector.
Four new species of orchids (Orchidaceae) in eastern Vietnam
Authors: Averyanov Leonid V. , DUY NONG VAN , VINH TRAN THAI , HOI QUACH VAN , CONG VU KIM
Published: December 2015

Dendrobium thinhii (D. sect. Breviflores), Sarcoglyphis tichii, Taeniophyllum phitamii (T. subgen. Codonosepalum Schltr.) and Trichoglottis canhii are described and illustrated as species new to science. All are local endemics of the area associated with Truong Son Range (Annamese Cordilleras) within territories of Dac Lak, Kon Tum and Lam Dong provinces of the southern Vietnam known in national geography as the Central Highlands or Tay Nguyen Plateau. All discovered plants are well-defined, taxonomically isolated species representing very strict plant endemism quite typical for the southern part of eastern Indochina.
Plant taxonomic capacity in South Africa
Authors: Victor Janine , Smith Gideon , Van Wyk Abraham , Ribeiro Shanelle
Published: December 2015

South Africa’s exceptionally rich and diverse flora faces challenges in terms of utilisation, management and conservation; these actions are underpinned by taxonomic research. The principal purpose of this review is to determine whether South Africa has the human capacity and resources to conduct taxonomic research that is required to support end-users of plant taxonomic information, and to identify shortages of capacity or resources that might prove to be an obstacle for plant taxonomic research. From an analysis of the existing gaps in taxonomic information, current research trends, and resources, it is apparent that there is a critical shortage of human capacity in South Africa to conduct plant taxonomic research for the benefit of biodiversity and society. Training institutions need to ensure the supply of suitably trained graduates including concentrating on those who meet Employment Equity targets. The need for more taxonomists is clearly justified, but may not be a priority in a country that already has such shortages of capacity in education and social services. Aside from lobbying for more jobs to be created, there is an urgent need to utilise available resources (human and other) effectively, and to implement a strategy for taxonomic research to ensure that priority activities are conducted.
A new species of Spigelia (Loganiaceae) from Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo Osvaldo , Jiménez Jaime
Published: December 2015

A new species of Spigelia endemic to Guerrero, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Spigelia guerrerensis sp. nov. can be separated from all known species of the genus by its infundibuliform white corollas sometimes tinged with purple at the lobe margins and in the base of the throat, apically hirsutulose fruits, and its restriction to the mountain system of northeastern Guerrero. In addition, we provide a distribution map and conservation status recommendation for the new species, as well as a key to the species of Spigelia known from Guerrero. Including this new addition, 17 species are recognized in Mexico, making it one of the hotspots of the genus.
Typifications of the Linnaean names Carduus eriophorus, Carduus eriophorus var. spurius, and Cnicus ferox (Asteraceae)
Authors: Del Guacchio Emanuele , Iamonico Duilio
Published: December 2015

Two specimens from the Linnaeus Herbarium (at LINN) and an illustration by Bauhin & Cherler are designated as the lectotypes of, respectively, Carduus eriophorus (≡ Cirsium eriophorum), Carduus eriophorus var. spurius [= Cirsium × gerhardtii, syn. nov. (Cirsium vulgare × Cirsium eriophorum)], and Cnicus ferox (≡ Cirsium ferox). All the taxa involved in this study belong to Cirsium sect. Eriolepis.
New synonymies for Australian Cleridae (Coleoptera)
Authors: BARTLETT JUSTIN S.
Published: December 2015

The following synonymies are proposed based on examination of primary types (lectotypes are designated for all taxa except those marked with a ‘*’): Lemidia spinnipennis Lea, 1907 syn. n. and Lemidia bicolor Schenkling, 1906 syn. n. = Lemidia biaculeata (Westwood); Lemidia mastersi Lea, 1907 syn. n. = Lemidia circumcincta Schenkling, 1906; Lemidia albonotata Pic, 1941 syn. n. = Lemidia laticeps Lea, 1907; Lemidia australiae Lea, 1907 syn. n. = Lemidia maculata Schenkling, 1902; Lemidia bilineatra Lea, 1907 syn. n. = Lemidia maculicollis Gorham, 1877; Lemidia decolor Pic, 1941 syn. n. = Lemidia munda Blackburn, 1892; *Phlogistus conspiciendus Elston, 1926 syn. n. = Mimolesterus ventralis (Westwood); Thanasimus cursorius Westwood, 1853 syn. n. and Stigmatium dispar Kuwert, 1894 syn. n. = Stigmatium acerbum (Newman); Stigmatium fasciatoventre Chevrolat, 1874 syn. n., Stigmatium flavescens Chevrolat, 1874 syn. n. and *Xestonotus eximius Kuwert, 1894 syn. n. = Stigmatium laevium Macleay, 1872; Stigmatium versipelle Gorham, 1876 syn. n. and Xestonotus (Cyclotomocerus) australicus Kuwert, 1894 syn. n. = Stigmatium varipes Chevrolat, 1876; Tarsostenus pulcher Macleay, 1872 syn. n. = *Tarsostenus carus (Newman, 1840). The available name Tarsosternus pulcher Macleay, 1872 is deemed a lapsus calami and emended to Tarsostenus pulcher Macleay, 1872.
Review of the genus Neotetricodes Zhang et Chen (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) with description of two new species
Authors: CHANG ZHI-MIN , YANG LIN , ZHANG ZHENG-GUANG , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: December 2015

Two new species of the issid genus Neotetricodes Zhang et Chen (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae): Neotetricodes longispinus Chang et Chen sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and Neotetricodes xiphoideus Chang et Chen sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) are described and illustrated. The generic characteristic is redefined. A checklist and key to the species of the genus are provided. The female genitalia of the genus are firstly described.
A new species of Near-shore Marine Goby (Pisces: Gobiidae: Nesogobius) from Kangaroo Island, Australia
Authors: HAMMER MICHAEL P. , HOESE DOUGLASS F. , BERTOZZI TERRY
Published: December 2015

Nesogobius is one of two goby genera with all species wholly restricted to temperate Australian waters. Described here is a new member of the genus discovered during near-shore marine and estuarine fish sampling along the central southern Australian coastline. The tiger sandgoby Nesogobius tigrinus sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by a combination of colouration including four prominent vertical black bars on males; morphological characters involving body scales (large), head scales (naked), body depth (slender) and gill opening (wide); meristic counts including a lack of second dorsal and anal fin spines; and mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence. The species appears to be a narrow range endemic, restricted to specific sub-tidal habitat in the unique sheltered embayments of northeast Kangaroo Island. This study forms part of ongoing investigations to more fully describe the biodiversity and conservation requirements of the regional ichthyofauna.
First discovery of Quercus-feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) in South America, with description of new species and designation of the S. nigriverticella complex in the S. saginella group
Authors: REMEIKIS ANDRIUS , STONIS JONAS R.
Published: December 2015

We describe three new species: Stigmella crassifoliae Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (a leaf-miner on Quercus crassifolia and Q. crispipilis from the highlands of Guatemala), S. robleae Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov., and S. humboldti Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. (leaf-miners on Quercus humboldtii from the Colombian Andes). No Quercus-feeding Nepticulidae species were previously known from South America. All new species are illustrated with photographs of the leaf-mines, cocoons, adults, and genitalia. In the S. saginella species group, for the species possessing in male genitalia M-shaped gnathos with caudal processes closely juxtaposed and phallus without cornuti, a new species complex (the S. nigriverticella complex) is defined. We also provide a pictorial key to the species of the new complex.
Worldwide Survey of Awareness and Needs Concerning Reanalyses and Respondents Views on Climate Services
Authors: Gregow H. , Jylhä K. , Mäkelä H. M. , Aalto J. , Manninen T. , Karlsson P. , Kaiser-Weiss A. K. , Kaspar F. , Poli P. , Tan D. G. H. , Obregon A. , Su Z.
Published: December 2015

A worldwide online survey about user awareness of reanalyses and climate services was conducted in the period from November 2013 to February 2014 by the Coordinating Earth Observation Data Validation for Re-Analysis for Climate Services (CORE-CLIMAX) project. The 2,578 respondents were mostly users of global reanalyses [particularly the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reanalyses]. They answered queries arranged in 11 sections by choosing from preprepared check-box responses and left several hundred free comments. Here, we analyze responses related to characteristics of reanalysis data and the perceived obstacles for using reanalysis in climate services. After examining responses from all survey participants, we focus on the answers from subgroups working in specific disciplines related to natural resource management: freshwater, agriculture and food production, forestry, and energy. Although the survey attracted mostly self-selected respondents from the education and public research and development (R&D) sectors, one-third of the energy-related subgroup were from the private sector. A large majority (91%) of the respondents use ECMWF reanalyses, but other reanalysis products are also widely used by them. Respondents expressed desire for reanalysis development in the areas of 1) training and online plotting tools, 2) more frequent updates, 3) explanations about uncertainties (the energy subgroup emphasizes this), 4) smaller biases, 5) less restrictive data policy, and 6) higher temporal and spatial resolution (the energy and water subgroups highlight this). Additionally, the subgroups (excluding energy) expressed interest in including in future climate services activities for applied weather and climate research for impact assessment and/or statistical impact analyses for improving weather warnings and their criteria.
Numerical Study of the Daytime Planetary Boundary Layer over an Idealized Urban Area: Influence of Surface Properties, Anthropogenic Heat Flux, and Geostrophic Wind Intensity
Authors: Falasca Serena , Catalano Franco , Moroni Monica
Published: December 2015

Large-eddy simulations of an idealized diurnal urban heat island are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The surface energy balance over an inhomogeneous terrain is solved considering the anthropogenic heat contribution and the differences of thermal and mechanical properties between urban and rural surfaces. Several cases are simulated together with a reference case, considering different values of the control parameters: albedo, thermal inertia, roughness length, anthropogenic heat emission, and geostrophic wind intensity. Spatial distributions of second-moment statistics, including the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget, are analyzed to characterize the structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The effect of each control parameter value on the turbulent properties of the PBL is investigated with respect to the reference case. For all of the analyzed cases, the primary source of TKE is the buoyancy in the lower half of the PBL, the shear in the upper half, and the turbulent transport term at the top. The vertical advection of TKE is significant in the upper half of the PBL. The control parameters significantly influence the shape of the profiles of the transport and shear terms in the TKE budget. Bulk properties of the PBL via proper scaling are compared with literature data. A log-linear relationship between the aspect ratio of the heat island and the Froude number is confirmed. For the first time, the effect of relevant surface control parameters and the geostrophic wind intensity on the bulk and turbulent properties of the PBL is systematically investigated at high resolution.
Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the United States: Quantifying the Responses to Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases,+
Authors: Mascioli Nora R. , Fiore Arlene M. , Previdi Michael , Correa Gustavo
Published: December 2015

Changes in extreme temperatures, heat waves, and heavy rainfall events have adverse effects on human health, air quality, and water resources. With aerosol-only (AER) and greenhouse gas–only (GHG) simulations from 1860 to 2005 in the GFDL CM3 chemistry–climate model, aerosol-induced versus greenhouse gas–induced changes in temperature (summer) and precipitation (all seasons) extremes over the United States are investigated. Small changes in these extremes in the all forcing simulations reflect cancellations between the effects of increasing anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases. In AER, extreme high temperatures and the number of days with temperatures above the 90th percentile decline over most of the United States. The strongest response occurs in the western United States (−2.0°C and −14 days, regionally averaged) and the weakest response occurs in the southeastern United States (−0.6°C and −4.8 days). An opposite-signed response pattern occurs in GHG (+2.3°C and +11.5 days over the western United States and +1.6°C and +7.2 days over the southeastern United States). The similar spatial response patterns in AER versus GHG suggest a preferred regional mode of response that is largely independent of the type of forcing. Extreme precipitation over the eastern United States decreases in AER, particularly in winter, and increases over the eastern and central United States in GHG, particularly in spring. Over the twenty-first century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emissions scenario, the patterns of extreme temperature and precipitation associated with greenhouse gas forcing dominate.
Predicting punitive attitudes to sentencing: Does the public's perceptions of crime and Indigenous Australians matter?
Authors: Brookman Ruth P , Wiener Karl KK
Published: December 2015

In English-speaking western cultures the punitive attitudes towards law-breakers is well documented. The present study examines the utility of predictors of punitive attitudes with online survey data obtained from a convenience sample of 566 Australian residents. After controlling for demographic variables, the study examines the utility of two theoretical models; the Crime–distrust model and the Racial–animus model, in predicting punitive attitudes. All three factors of the Crime–distrust model significantly predict punitive attitudes. The study extends the current literature through identifying the significance of negative perceptions of Indigenous Australians in predicting punitive attitudes to sentencing. Results suggest that community perception of Indigenous Australians is a significant predictor of punitive attitudes in addition to factors of the Crime–distrust model. Future research using a more representative sample of the Australian population is recommended to increase the confidence with which findings are interpreted.
Did Employers in the United States Back Away from Skills Training during the Early 2000s?
Authors: Waddoups C. Jeffrey
Published: December 2015

A number of recent studies suggest that employer-paid training is on the decline in the United States. The present study provides empirical evidence on the issue by analyzing data on employer-paid training from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, a nationally representative data set. The findings reveal a 28% decline in the incidence of training between 2001 and 2009. Very few industries were immune from the decline, and the pattern was evident across occupation, education, age, job-tenure, and demographic groups. A decomposition of the difference in training incidence reveals a diminishing large-firm training effect. In addition, the workforce appears to have had the educational credentials by 2009 that, had they occurred in 2001, would have led to substantially more training.
Early toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome post-intra-cranial tumor resection
Authors: Ramachandren Thavenesh K , Petrilli Renée MA
Published: December 2015

Introduction

SJS and TEN are two rare self-limited but serious cutaneous drug reactions with significant morbidity and mortality. There are many drugs associated with the condition. We report a case of early TEN syndrome post Carbamazepine use, review the current literature and discuss the management challenges.

Case Report

A 51-year-old female was admitted to hospital for investigation and management of complex partial seizures secondary to a meningioma. She was commenced on 100mg BD of Carbamazepine for seizure control and discharged home. Surgical resection of the meningioma was performed electively 2 weeks later. A localized erythematous macular rash mainly in the left shoulder was noted on postoperative day 3. Two days later, the patient had sloughing of the mucosa of the lips in addition to progression of the rash. Early Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) syndrome was diagnosed by the Burns and Dermatology teams and the culprit drug was discontinued. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was commenced on intravenous immunoglobulins with excellent improvement in skin integrity and resolution of excoriations noted on discharge.

Discussion

Stevens - Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN are two rare self-limited but serious cutaneous drug reactions with significant morbidity and mortality. The current treatment of TENS/SJS is divided into early management and symptom control. The immediate cessation of the culprit drug is quintessential. There is vast documented evidence of carbamazepine- induced SJS/TEN in patients of Asian ethnicity due to the presence of the HLA allele B*1502. HLA-B*1502 screening should be performed when using aromatic anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine in high-risk patients.
Time discretization versus state quantization in the simulation of a one-dimensional advection–diffusion–reaction equation
Authors: Bergero Federico , Fernández Joaquín , Kofman Ernesto , Portapila Margarita
Published: December 2015

In this article, we study the effects of replacing the time discretization by the quantization of the state variables on a one-dimensional (1D) advection–diffusion–reaction (ADR) problem. For that purpose the 1D ADR equation is first discretized in space using a regular grid, to obtain a set of time-dependent ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then we compare the simulation performance using classic discrete time algorithms and using quantized state systems (QSS) methods. The performance analysis is done for different sets of diffusion and reaction parameters and also changing the space discretization refinement. This analysis shows that, in advection–reaction-dominated situations, the second-order linearly implicit QSS method outperforms all of the conventional algorithms (DOPRI, Radau and DASSL) by more than one order of magnitude.
Investigating STEM Support and Persistence Among Urban Teenage African American and Latina Girls Across Settings
Authors: Koch Melissa , Lundh Patrik , Harris Christopher J.
Published: December 2015

This study contributes to the emerging research literature on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) support and persistence activities among urban teenage African American and Latina girls. We present three case studies of girls who participated in an afterschool STEM curriculum. Our within- and cross-case analyses focused on how various supports explained girls’ STEM persistence and career plans. Findings highlight the important role that parents played in supporting girls’ persistence and career interests across settings. These findings emphasize the need for research that spans settings to better understand the interplay of support networks that influence girls’ STEM interest and persistence.
The Protective Effects of Social Support and Engagement Coping Strategy on the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress Among Chinese Migrant Children
Authors: Wang Jin-Liang , Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Assari Shervin , Gaskin James , Rost Detlef H.
Published: December 2015

This study was aimed to figure out whether perceived stress mediates the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among Chinese migrant children and whether social support and engagement coping moderate the detrimental effects of perceived discrimination on psychological distress. The sample comprised 813 middle-school students (482 migrant children, 331 non-migrant children) from three schools in Southwest China. The results indicate that migrant children’s perceived discrimination and perceived stress are associated with psychological distress, and perceived stress does not mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress. Both social support and engagement coping are inversely related to psychological distress and compensate the deleterious influences of perceived discrimination and stress on psychological distress. These findings highlight the need to consider providing social support and cultivating engagement coping when designing mental health interventions to reduce the negative influence of perceived discrimination on Chinese migrant children’s mental health.
The Prevalence and Distribution of Aging-Friendly Human Resource Practices
Authors: Segel-Karpas Dikla , Bamberger Peter A. , Bacharach Samuel B.
Published: December 2015

The aging of the workforce in the developed world has prompted organizations to implement human resource (HR) policies and practices encouraging older workers to defer retirement. However, little is known about the prevalence of such practices, and the organizational factors associated with their adoption. In this study, we used data collected from 2008 to 2009 from a national probability sample of retirement eligible workers in the United States ( N = 407) to assess the prevalence of aging-friendly human resource practices (AFHRP), and their organizational predictors. Results indicate that employee wellness programs, unpaid leave, and reassignment based on physical needs are among the most prevalent AFHRP. However, in the vast majority of enterprises, AFHRP are limited. Results also indicate that projected organizational growth and a focus on internal labor market practices are positively associated with the adoption of AFHRP. Organizational size and the degree of unionization, while positively associated with aging-friendly benefits, were inversely associated with flexibility practices.