bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beskrivelse og vurdering av tiltaket: Kjærlighet og Grenser
Authors: Bjørknes Ragnhild
Published: August 2024

Dette er ikke den nyeste artikkelen om dette tiltaket. Oppdatert artikkel:  https://doi.org/10.7557/25.7594
 
Innledning: Kjærlighet og Grenser er et rusforebyggende tiltak for familier med barn i alderen 10 – 14 år.  Formålet med intervensjonen er å styrke familierelasjonene og derved å forebygge alkohol, narkotika og tobakksbruk blant tenåringer. Programmet er opprinnelig utviklet i USA (Iowa Strengthening Families Program), videreutviklet i Sverige (Steg for Steg) og implementeres i Norge av Borgestadklinikken.
Beskrivelse av tiltaket: Programmet er et manualbasert, familieprogram som består av familiemøter, foreldregruppemøter og ungdomsgruppemøter. Sentralt i foreldregruppene er videofilmer som danner grunnlag for samtaler, diskusjoner og rollespill. Temaer som tas opp er stress og problemsituasjoner hos unge, risiko og beskyttelse, regler, oppmuntring og hvordan en skal beskytte ungdommene mot bruk av rusmidler. Ungdomsgruppene består av aktiviteter og diskusjoner. Tema som drømmer og mål, stressmestring, takling av vennepress og måter å unngå bruk av tobakk og rusmidler diskuteres. Materialet til programmet består av manual/kursperm, arbeidsark til foreldre og ungdom og DVD.
Evaluering av tiltaket:Det er ikke gjennomført noen evalueringer av effekten på tiltaket i Norge. Ulike varianter av Kjærlighet og Grenser har vist lovende effekter i randomiserte studier fra USA. En svensk studie fant derimot ingen effekter på unges bruk av rusmidler etter å ha deltatt i programmet. Korus Sør gjennomførte i 2006 to brukerundersøkelser av programmet. Den ene viser at 75 % av foreldrene som deltok i programmet var svært fornøyd med tiltaket. Begge undersøkelsene gir klare anbefalinger for videreutvikling av Kjærlighet og Grenser i Norge. Enkelte anbefalinger er allerede gjennomført.
Ungsinnpanelets klassifisering: Kjærlighet og Grenser er basert på en allment akseptert teoretisk base og klassifiseres som et sannsynlig virksomt tiltak på evidensnivå 2.
Beskrivelse og vurdering av tiltaket: Barneperspektivsamtalen
Authors: Reedtz Charlotte
Published: August 2024

Innledning: Barneperspektivsamtalen er et lavterskel helsefremmende tiltak for barn av foreldre med psykisk sykdom og/eller rusmiddelmisbruk. Det overordnede målet med tiltaket er å redusere risikoen for problemutvikling hos barna. Tiltaket, som opprinnelig er utviklet i Nederland, implementeres i Norge av Voksne for Barn.
Beskrivelse av tiltaket: Barneperspektivsamtalen kan tilbys familien gjennom spesialisthelsetjenesten eller kommunale tjenester. Tiltaket består av inntil 3 samtaler om barna i familien, foreldrenes bekymringer og hvordan foreldrenes psykiske vansker kan få konsekvenser for barna. Målet med tiltaket å styrke foreldrekompetansen ved å gjøre foreldrene bevisst barnas perspektiv, styrke barnas evne til å mestre situasjonen, å oppdage eventuelle problemer for barna tidlig og å gi råd om ytterligere hjelp og støtte. 
Evaluering og erfaringer med tiltaket: Det foreligger ingen effektstudier av Barneperspektivsamtalen.
Ungsinnpanelets klassifisering: Barneperspektivsamtalen er godt beskrevet og har en klar teoretisk forankring. Tiltaket klassifiseres som et sannsynlig virksomt tiltak på evidensnivå 2.
Beskrivelse og vurdering av tiltaket: De utrolige årene (DUÅ) - Foreldretreningsprogram
Authors: Martinussen Monica
Published: August 2024

Dette er ikke den nyeste artikkelen om dette tiltaket. Oppdatert artikkel: https://doi.org/10.7557/25.7573
 
Innledning: De utrolige årene BASIC foreldregrupper er et program for barn med atferdsproblemer i alderen 3-12 år. Programmet retter seg mot foreldrene og skal styrke deres kompetanse i å forebygge og behandle atferdsproblemene. Formålet er å redusere atferdsproblemene, samt styrking av barnets sosiale kompetanse og følelsesmessige reaksjoner. Programmet er opprinnelig utviklet i USA, men implementeres i Norge av Regionalt kunnskapssenter for barn og unge, Nord (RKBU Nord) ved Universitetet i Tromsø.
Beskrivelse av tiltaket: I gruppen lærer seg oppdragelsesstrategier som kan reduserer atferdsproblemer hos barn. Programmet starter med positiv relasjonsbygging mellom foreldre og barn ved bruk av lek. Temaene som følger er ros, belønningssystemer, effektiv grensesetting, hvordan håndtere negativ atferd, og problemløsing og styrking av empati og sosiale ferdigheter. Gruppene ledes av to trenede gruppeledere og det benyttes videovignetter, diskusjoner, rollespille og hjemmelekser som pedagogiske metoder.
Evaluering og erfaringer med tiltaket: Effekten av Foreldretreningsprogrammet i Norge har blitt undersøkt ved et randomisert kontrollgruppe design (RCT) med 127 barn i alderen 4-8 år. Forskjellene mellom gruppen som mottok Foreldretreningsprogrammet og kontrollgruppen var moderate til store i forhold til barnas atferdsproblemer. Foreldrenes bruk av positive strategier hadde økt og bruk av hard og usystematisk disiplinering var redusert. I tillegg var foreldrenes stress-nivå redusert. I brukertilfredshetsundersøkelser rapporterer en stor andel av foreldrene at de synes programmet er bra. Det er gjennomført flere av studier av effekten av Foreldretreningsprogrammet i USA og andre land som Danmark, England, Nederland, Tyskland, Portugal og New Zealand der programmet også er i bruk. Noen av studiene er gjennomført som uavhengige replikasjoner gjennomført av andre enn de amerikanske programeierne.
Ungsinnpanelets klassifisering: De utrolige årene – Basic foreldregrupper bygger på en allment akseptert teoretisk og forskningsmessig base, og tiltaket er evaluert i flere land i tillegg til i Norge ved RCT-studier. Programmet klassifiseres som et dokumentert virksomt tiltak på evidensnivå 4 med dokumentasjonsgrad 5 (*****).
Applications of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, GIS, and Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
Authors: Patange Mamta J , Abhishek G J , T R Ashwini , Lakra Tanu Shree , Verma Lalta Prasad , Dutt Anjali , Singh Magendra Pal , Kushwaha Kajal , Chanyal P C
Published: August 2024

There is a global need for a new approach that can help in solving the problems of food and water shortage, which are significantly affected by population growth and climatic changes. The conventional methods that are used for evaluating and mentoring different agricultural activities and processes have several challenges. These methods are laborious, destructive, time-consuming, and cost-consuming. Therefore, an integration of different approaches, such as hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and artificial intelligence (AI) has been found to be a very effective tool for enhancing agricultural productivity as well as sustainability. The main objective of this review is to demonstrate the very advanced applications and achievements of these techniques in the field of agricultural activities, as well as their potentialities in precision agriculture (PA). The HRS sensors acquire detailed spectral data, which can be used in several applications, such as crop monitoring and evaluating soil fertility, as well as providing valuable outputs to help in natural resource management. On the other hand, the GIS technique manages the spatial information, is combined with the attributes of the vegetation cover, water bodies, bare soils, etc., and applies statistical and mathematical spatial models for mapping and modeling purposes in order to enable better decision-making for all agricultural practices. Additionally, AI tools, including machine learning (ML) as well as deep learning (DL), are used for the spatial, spectral, wet chemistry, environmental, and field data processing and modeling to find the best model that can be automatically utilized in management solutions. Furthermore, the article demonstrates the limitations, challenges, and future directions of these approaches. Moreover, emphasizing the critical need for interdisciplinary contribution between the researchers, government, and farmers can optimize agricultural outcomes and address environmental concerns. Therefore, an integration of these approaches is considered as a very effective tool for detecting, characterizing, estimating, and mapping several objects using the mapping tools in the environments of different spatial analysis techniques and software. However, utilizing and privileging these techniques provide crucial and essential benefits in order to achieve better environmental resources management and agricultural sustainability.
Efficacy of Various Ready-mix Insecticides against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) in Groundnut
Authors: M. C. Dudhatra , A. M. Bharadiya , J. D. Makani , R. D. Polara
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was carried out to study the efficacy of various ready-mix insecticides against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) in groundnut at Main Oilseeds Research Station, JAU, Junagadh during Kharif, 2023. Out of the seven ready-mix insecticidal treatments evaluated, chlorantraniliprole 10 + lambda-cyhalothrin 5 ZC 0.006% was found most effective against S. litura after two sprays. It recorded the lowest larval population (0.60 larvae/plant), highest pod and haulm yields (1584 and 3286 kg/ha, respectively), highest yield increase over the untreated control (69.95% for pods and 64.66% for haulms) and the highest net realization (₹ 48178/ha). The treatments of novaluron 5.25 + emamectin benzoate 0.9 SC 0.009% and chlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC 0.11% were proved next best treatments over untreated control. Among the various ready-mix insecticidal treatments, chlorpyriphos 50 + cypermethrin 5 EC 0.11% exhibited the highest ICBR of 1:14.3, followed by chlorantraniliprole 10 + lambda-cyhalothrin 5 ZC 0.006% (1:11.4). However, the treatments viz., profenofos 40 + cypermethrin 4 EC 0.088% (1:4.4), novaluron 5.25 + indoxacarb 4.5 SC 0.016% (1:4.3) and emamectin benzoate 5 + lufenuron 40 WG 0.009% (1:2.8) exhibited lower ICBR.
Medication Reconciliation is Patient Safety and Quality: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Optimize Medication Therapy at Alwajba PHCC
Authors: Soliman Samar , AlRuwaili Alia , Al-Khalaila Mohanad , Haggeer Duaa , Salaheldin Mugtaba , Hassan Omar , Thomas Lini , Mathew Litty
Published: August 2024

As per PHCC policy, medication reconciliation is mandatory to provide safe practice and comprehensive patient care. It is noted that the rate of medication reconciliation done in Alwajba HC is not meeting the target for the PHCC which may affect the patient safety. Based on the comprehensive assessment of medication reconciliation practices at Alwajba Health Center, a multi-faceted intervention strategy was devised. The interventions were meticulously designed to address the identified knowledge gaps and system-related challenges. The effective improvement of medication reconciliation procedures has a big impact on patient safety and overall healthcare quality. Improved patient outcomes result from lowering the likelihood of adverse drug events and guaranteeing correct treatment regimens.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Banking and Fraud Prevention: A Cross Sectional Study in Ghana
Authors: Aggrey Eric , Baffoe Isaac Koranteng , Adomako Francis , Gideon Yeboah Brobbey , Amoah Bright Darko
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the banking sector has reshaped traditional financial services, particularly in the context of fraud prevention. This cross-sectional study in Ghana aimed to investigate the current state and perceived effectiveness of AI applications in banking, focusing on its role in fraud prevention.
Methods: The research data was acquired through interviews and surveys conducted with customers and bank officials. A total of 363 participants took part in the survey, comprising 200 customers and 163 staff members selected from five banks in Ghana. Structured questionnaires were distributed electronically and in print to gather quantitative and qualitative data.
Results: The findings reveal a significant level of awareness (70.0%), understanding (75.0%) and 62.0% experience with AI in the banking sector among the participants. An overwhelming 88.0% express a preference for AI-based support over human-based support. About 97.2% believe that AI systems prioritize robust privacy measures influencing their perception of AI in fraud prevention. Furthermore, 87.5% perceive AI systems as consistently providing precise and reliable results, enhancing their confidence in the technology. The perception of AI's effectiveness in fraud prevention is closely tied to its capacity to adapt to new and emerging fraud tactics, with 66.6% emphasizing the importance of this adaptability.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to understanding the nuanced perspectives of users in Ghana regarding AI in the banking sector, providing insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and educators aiming to enhance AI adoption and trust.
The Uzi Fly Challenge: Biological Insights and Threats to Muga Silkworms
Authors: Sut Rubi , Naan Toko , Dutta Roshmi Borah , Kashyap Bidisha , Saikia Monimala , Gogoi Inee , Saikia Hemanta
Published: August 2024

This study aims to thoroughly investigate the biology of a significant endo-larval parasitoid of muga silkworms, Blepharipa sp. (Walker). The research was conducted both in the field, where muga silkworms were reared under net conditions with temperature, humidity and rainfall levels ranging from 13.48-26.73 77%-78.5% and 0mm-86mm and allowed to be infested by the uzi fly, and in the laboratory at room temperature and humidity. The findings revealed that the life cycle of Blepharipa sp. is completed in an average of 30 days for males and 33 days for females, with an incubation period of 2.40 days, a larval period of 6.20 days, a pupal period of 12.40 days, and adult longevity of 10.80 days for males and 12.00 days for females. Additional aspects such as peak infestation season and oviposition sites were also studied. The mortality rate due to uzi fly infestation was 100%, with worms dying either before the spinning stage or inside their cocoons, resulting in defective cocoons unsuitable for reeling. Given the severe economic losses and demotivation caused to farmers by this pest, a thorough understanding of its biology is of utmost importance.
Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Moringa oleifera Leaves from Selected Countries
Authors: M. M Oluewu, , L.T Walker, , S. Ogutu, , C.O Koko,
Published: August 2024

Moringa oleifera is a native plant from Asia, grown in the tropics.  The leaves, bark, flowers, fruits, seeds, and roots are rich sources of phytochemicals and antioxidants; hence, they have been extensively utilized for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the Antioxidant Activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of five varieties of Moringa leaves from Nigeria, Ghana, Haiti, India, and USA.  The leaves were extracted using aqueous methanol and ethanol. 2, 2, -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were then determined.  Results indicated there were significant differences were recorded in DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC respectively. A significant difference in DPPH radical scavenging activities in the leaves from Haiti (94.83µmol TE g-1) and Ghana (86.69µmol TE g-1), Haiti (94.83µmol TE g-1) and Nigeria (84.94µmol TE g-1) respectively. Highest activity was observed in the ethanolic extract from the USA (123.48 µmol TE g⁻¹), while the lowest was in the methanolic extract from Nigeria (84.94 µmol TE g⁻¹).  A similar result was also recorded for TEAC with ethanolic extracts from Ghana (61.59µmol TE g-1) significantly different from Nigeria (63.36µmol TE g-1), India (63.34µmol TE g-1), Haiti (62.42µmol TE g-1) and USA (62.36µmol TE g-1). FRAP methanolic extracts from Nigeria (232.96mg GAE g-1), USA (214.24mg GAE g-1) and India (201.81mg GAE g-1) were significantly different, while extracts from Haiti (222.16mg GAE g-1) and Ghana (221.35mg GAE g-1), USA (214.24mg GAE g-1) and Ghana (221.35mg GAE g-1) were in range.
Bioenergy Potential of Three Fast-Growing Trees: A Pilot Gasification Study for Thermal Applications
Authors: Tamuk Oyimang , Parthiban KT , Bora Nilav Ranjan , Brahma Dipankar , Rajkhowa Abhigyan , V Vasanth , Sarma Jugabrat , Patil Pragati , R Ashick Rajah
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted during March-October, 2023 at Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam - 641301 which investigated the gasification potential of three fast-growing, short-rotation species (Khaya senegalensis- KS 01, Mitragyna parvifolia- MP 01, and Terminalia bellirica- FCRITB 13) for renewable energy generation. All three species were found to have favorable characteristics for a potential bioenergy plant in the analysis. A downdraft gasifier was used to convert the biomass into syn-gas, and the calorific value, thermal conversion efficiency, and elemental composition were analyzed. The results showed that Khaya senegalensis- KS 01 had the highest syn-gas composition (CO: 30.15%, H2: 13.13%, N2: 48.82%, CH4: 1.71%), calorific value (6.04 MJ m-3) and thermal conversion efficiency (59.92%). The elemental composition analysis revealed that Mitragyna parvifolia- MP 01 had the highest carbon content (49.33%), while Khaya senegalensis- KS 01 had the highest hydrogen content (5.94%). These findings suggest that Khaya senegalensis- KS 01 is a promising candidate for biomass gasification due to its high syn-gas yield and thermal conversion efficiency.
Adapting to Climate Change: Millet Export Strategies for the Future
Authors: M. S Jagadeesh, , H. T Vinay, , G. J Abhishek, , Chikkalaki Anil Sidaray , Veershetty  , Prem Gaddala
Published: August 2024

As the world grapples with climate change and food security challenges, millets emerge as a promising solution due to their superior water and nutrient use efficiency, climate resilience, and high nutritional value. Despite India's position as the leading global producer, accounting for 41% of the world’s millets, their prominence has declined post-Green Revolution, which prioritized rice, wheat, and maize. Recognizing the potential of millets, the UN declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets to promote their health and environmental benefits. This study examines India's millet export prospects, emphasizing trade policy interventions to enhance market demand and economic growth. Utilizing secondary data from sources like the WITS database, ITC trade map, CEPII database, and FAOSTAT, this research employs the quantitative research methods like, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage metrics to analyse India's millet export competitiveness. To estimate the export potential, the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator for the gravity model is used, addressing zero trade values and heteroskedasticity in the data. The model analyses export data from 150 countries for 2014-2021. Findings indicate that India, the largest millet producer with an 18.1% global production share in 2022, leads in both area and production. India, the top millet exporter, shows significant comparative advantage, particularly alongside Ukraine. The gravity model reveals that distance, exchange rates, and the absence of free trade agreements negatively impact millet exports, while population, bilateral trade flows, common religion, ethnicity, and WTO membership of importing countries positively influence exports. Notably, India has untapped export potential in 130 out of 159 countries studied. India's millet production offers significant export potential. Strategic trade policies can boost demand, overcome barriers, and enhance global food security while driving economic growth, leveraging millets' resilience and nutrition.
Screening of Tomato Varieties/Hybrids against Aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) under Field Condition
Authors: Tomar Neha , Singh Pradyumn , Sasode Rajni Singh , Bhadauria NS , Singh UC
Published: August 2024

An investigation on screening of tomato varieties/hybrids against aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) under field condition were conducted at Entomological Research Field, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Eighteen varieties/hybrids were sown and different levels of aphid incidence were observed over two successive years (2022–23 and 2023–24). The result of present investigation indicated that none of the varieties/hybrids were completely free from aphid incidence. Among the eighteen varieties/hybrids, two were categorized as less susceptible, twelve as moderately susceptible and four as highly susceptible against aphid. The variety/hybrid Arka Vishal had the lowest aphid population followed by Kashi Adarsh. The highest aphid population found in variety/hybrid Vaishali which was statistically at par with Swati 444.
Effect of Timing and Levels of Nitrogen Application with Farmyard Manure Application on Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Kamboj Dimple , Gill AAS , Jindal Salesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen (N) plays a significant role in plant metabolic and physiological exertions. As a key factor in ensuring sustainable soil fertility and fruit productivity, N management is crucial. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2022-23 at PAU, Ludhiana. The soil of the experimental field was sandy-loam in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The chilli hybrid CH 27 was grown in split-plot design that comprised two main plots, i.e. without and with farm yard manure (FYM) at 25 t ha-1 and thirteen subplots consisting of four different N levels: 0, 75, 113 and 150 kg N ha-1 applied in 2, 3, 4 and 5 split doses. The results revealed that higher fruit yield was attained by the application of 113 kg N ha-1 in 4 split doses integrated with FYM and recorded 45.8% higher fruit yield than the recommended dose of fertilizer, i.e. 75 kg N ha-1 applied in 2 split doses integrated with FYM due to greater number of fruits per plant. Within each N level, 4 split doses of N-fertilizer performed better than 3, 2 and 5 split doses in both without and with FYM treated plots. Only two split doses were not ensured the optimum supply of N at later growth stages. Therefore, 113 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal split doses integrated with FYM can be recommended to farmers for achieving maximum yield in chilli under Punjab conditions.
Safeguarding Data Integrity in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Ullagaddi P
Published: August 2024

Aims: Comprehensively analyze data integrity challenges in the pharmaceutical industry, analyze regulatory observations, and propose mitigation strategies for ensuring compliance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP), particularly for electronic data and computerized systems.
Study Design: Analysis of regulatory documents, industry-standard guides, and case studies.
Methodology: The study involved a comprehensive review of FDA guidance documents, warning letters, and Form 483 observations related to data integrity. Case studies of non-compliance were analyzed to identify common issues and consequences. Technical, organizational, and behavioral factors contributing to data integrity problems were examined. Mitigation strategies and best practices were compiled based on industry guidelines and expert recommendations.
Results: Data integrity violations often involve data falsification, poor retention, and electronic record manipulation. Non-compliant firms have faced severe penalties for non-compliance. Challenges include legacy systems, complex data management, inadequate training, and global supply chains. Mitigation strategies involve data governance, risk-based validation, access controls, comprehensive training, and advanced technologies like blockchain.
Conclusion: Data integrity remains a critical challenge in the pharmaceutical industry, requiring a holistic approach that combines technological solutions with organizational and cultural best practices. Implementing robust data governance systems, fostering a quality culture, and leveraging advanced technologies can significantly improve compliance and reduce risks associated with data integrity issues.
Scenario of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Major Rice Growing Areas of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Yagnasree S , Jyosthna M K , Arunasri P , Kumari P Lavanya
Published: August 2024

Rice is among the oldest crops of the world which feeds more than half of the world’s population. Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a most devastating disease which results in yield losses upto 70-90%.
Aim: The current research study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of disease and distribution of pathotypes.
Methodology: A roving survey was conducted over twelve major rice growing districts of Andhra Pradesh viz., East Godavari, West Godavari, Eluru, Kakinada, NTR district, Krishna, Nellore, Chittoor, Tirupati, Kadapa, Kurnool, Nandyal.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Pathology, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, between November 2023 and Febraury 2024.
Results: The highest disease incidence was found in Putrela village (72.34%) of Krishna district and lowest disease incidence was recorded in the fields of Burugupudi village (21.06%) of Kakinada District.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the disease is prevalent in all rice-growing areas, ranging with varying levels of disease incidence of 20 to 72 per cent.
Anti Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Gymnema sylvestre Leaves Extract
Authors: R. C. Agrawal, , Snehal Singh , Sonam Soni,
Published: August 2024

We have undertaken to evaluate the pharmacological studies of Gymnema sylvestre using pharmacolical methods,disc diffusion, and anti-inflammatory methods. The Alkaloid, Carbohydrate, Protein,Resin, Saponin, and Glycosides were present whereas, steroid, flavanoid, and tannin were absent in phytochemical screening in G. sylvestre extract. The result showed induced paw edema using Carrageenan model. The dose dependent antibacterial was also observed. The present study is important because Gymnema sylvestre plant is important to cure various ailments in traditional medicine Since the diabetes is spreading in all over the world as an epidemic and there is no permanent treatment in allopathy therefore peoples are looking alternative medicine for treatment of diabetes.
A Study on Consumer Opinion of Amul Fresh Milk Products in Anand City and Vidyanagar, India
Authors: Trivedi Smit , Prajapati M.C. , Makwana A.K. , Gurjar M.D. , Kamani K.C.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates consumers perspectives about Amul fresh milk products in Anand city and Vidyanagar. A cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaires for data collection and statistical tools for analysis. Spanning from 1st March to 7th June, 2024, the project is guided by specific objectives provided by AMUL Dairy. These objectives include studying the Consumer perspectives on their experience with Amul fresh milk products. Data collection through semi-structured questionnaires distributed to 142 consumers using random sampling methods. Analysis includes statistical tools like frequencies, percentages, and Likert scales to derive insights. This study highlights the positive aspects of Amul's fresh milk products supply chain in Anand city and Vidyanagar. Consumers consistently report high satisfaction levels with Amul products, attributing their loyalty to superior quality and taste. These positive findings underscore the strengths of Amul's supply chain, indicating successful collaboration and customer satisfaction across stakeholder groups. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for Amul's fresh milk products supply chain.
High‐latitude E and F region coupling signature: A case study results from rapid‐run ionosonde
Authors: Shalimov S. , Kozlovsky A.
Published: March 2015

Rapid‐run ionosonde installed in the high‐latitude Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory enables us to observe for the first time extraordinary details of E‐F region coupling process in high‐latitude ionosphere during geomagnetically quiet period. We present an example on 15 August 2009 when a dense, patchy sporadic E layer was detected. Associated with this unstable sporadic E layer, exhibiting in addition an unusual enhancement with a vertical extent of about 10 km, the highly structured F layer plasma was observed with apparent plasma depletions. We examine this event taking into account the presence of mesoscale traveling ionospheric disturbances which can initiate coupling between these two regions and compare the data with current theories.
A comprehensive survey of atmospheric quasi 3 day planetary‐scale waves and their impacts on the day‐to‐day variations of the equatorial ionosphere
Authors: Liu Guiping , England Scott L. , Immel Thomas J. , Frey Harald U. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: March 2015

This study reports a comprehensive survey of quasi 3 day (2.5–4.5 day period) planetary‐scale waves in the low‐latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere using the temperature observations from Thermosphere Ionosphere and Mesosphere Electric Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry throughout 2002–2012. Occurrences and properties of the waves, including the eastward propagating zonal wave numbers of 1–3 (E1–E3) and vertical wavelengths, are determined for each case. The impacts of these waves on the equatorial ionosphere are investigated by searching for the corresponding variations with the same periods and wave numbers in total electron content (TEC) from the concurrent observations of the ground‐based GPS network. For a threshold amplitude of 4 K in temperature, a total of 300 waves are identified, of which there are 186 E1, 63 E2, and 51 E3 events. The mean amplitudes and vertical wavelengths of these waves are calculated to be about 7.9 K and 34 km for the E1, 5.7 K and 29 km for the E2, and 5.1 K and 27 km for the E3, having the standard deviations of 1.5 K and 6.5 km, 0.6 K and 5.6 km, and 0.5 K and 6.7 km. Occurrences of the E1 cases are not observed to depend on season, but the large‐amplitude (>8 K) cases occur more often during solstices than at equinoxes. Similarly, the E2 and E3 cases are observed to occur most often in January–February and May–August. Among these waves, 199 cases (66%) are found to have the corresponding variations in the equatorial ionosphere with amplitudes ≥4.2% relative to the mean TEC values (corresponding to 90th percentile). Most of these waves have long vertical wavelengths and large amplitudes (∼3 times more than short vertical wavelength and small‐amplitude waves). Because no seasonal or solar cycle dependence on the frequency at which these waves have corresponding variations in the ionosphere at this TEC perturbation threshold is observed, we conclude that there is no seasonal and solar cycle dependence on the propagation of such waves from the mesopause region to higher altitudes. We also identify that only 28 cases (19%) of the E1 TEC variations do not correspond to any E1 waves, which is consistent with the hypothesis that E1 waves are the primary cause of E1 TEC variations. Conditions that are favorable for 3 day waves to create ionospheric variations are present approximately two thirds of the time. This study quantifies the importance and frequency of atmospheric quasi 3 day planetary‐scale waves on the day‐to‐day variations of the equatorial ionosphere using a statistical rather than case study approach.
Dayside reconnection under interplanetary magnetic field By‐dominated conditions: The formation and movement of bending arcs
Authors: Carter J. A. , Milan S. E. , Fear R. C. , Kullen A. , Hairston M. R.
Published: March 2015

Based upon a survey of global auroral images collected by the Polar Ultraviolet Imager, Kullen et al. (2002) subdivided polar cap auroral arcs into a number of categories, including that of “bending” arcs. We are concerned with those bending arcs that appear as a bifurcation of the dayside auroral oval and which subsequently form a spur intruding into the polar cap. Once formed, the spur moves poleward and antisunward over the lifetime of the arc. We propose that dayside bending arcs are ionospheric signatures of pulses of dayside reconnection and are therefore part of a group of transient phenomena associated with flux transfer events. We observe the formation and subsequent motion of a bending arc across the polar cap during a 30 min interval on 8 January 1999, and we show that this example is consistent with the proposed model. We quantify the motion of the arc and find it to be commensurate with the convection flows observed by both ground‐based radar observations and space‐based particle flow measurements. In addition, precipitating particles coincident with the arc appear to occur along open field lines, lending further support to the model.
Properties and origin of subproton‐scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial plasma sheet
Authors: Sundberg T. , Burgess D. , Haynes C. T.
Published: March 2015

Electron‐scale magnetic depressions in the terrestrial plasma sheet are studied using Cluster multispacecraft data. The structures, which have an observed duration of ~5–10 s, are approximately 200–300 km wide in the direction of propagation, and they show an average reduction in the background magnetic field of 10–20%. A majority of the events are also associated with an increase in the high‐energy high pitch angle electron flux, which indicates that the depressions are presumably generated by electrons with relatively high velocity perpendicular to the background magnetic field. Differences in the recorded electron spectra in the four spacecraft indicates a possible nongyrotropic structure. Multispacecraft measurements show that a subset of events are cylindrical, elongated along the magnetic field, and with a field‐parallel scale size of at a minimum 500 km. Other events seem to be better described as electron‐scale sheets, about 200–300 km thick. We find that no single formation mechanism can explain this variety of events observed. Instead, several processes may be operating in the plasma sheet, giving rise to similar magnetic field structures in the single‐spacecraft data, but with different 3‐D structuring. The cylindrical structures have several traits that are in agreement with the electron vortex magnetic holes observed in 2‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations of turbulent relaxation, whereas the sheets, which show nearly identical signatures in the multispacecraft data, are better explained by propagating electron solitary waves.
Crystallization and immersion freezing ability of oxalic and succinic acid in multicomponent aqueous organic aerosol particles
Authors: Wagner Robert , Höhler Kristina , Möhler Ottmar , Saathoff Harald , Schnaiter Martin
Published: March 2015

This study reports on heterogeneous ice nucleation efficiency of immersed oxalic and succinic acid crystals in the temperature range from 245 to 215 K, as investigated with expansion cooling experiments using suspended particles. In contrast to previous laboratory work with emulsified solution droplets where the precipitation of solid inclusions required a preceding freezing/evaporation cycle, we show that immersed solids readily form by homogeneous crystallization within aqueous solution droplets of multicomponent organic mixtures, which have noneutonic compositions with an excess of oxalic or succinic acid. Whereas succinic acid crystals did not act as heterogeneous ice nuclei, immersion freezing by oxalic acid dihydrate crystals led to a reduction of the ice saturation ratio at freezing onset by 0.066–0.072 compared to homogeneous freezing, which is by a factor of 2 higher than previously reported laboratory data. These observations emphasize the importance of oxalic acid in heterogeneous ice nucleation.
Contributions of atmospheric circulation variability and data coverage bias to the warming hiatus
Authors: Saffioti Claudio , Fischer Erich M. , Knutti Reto
Published: March 2015

The warming hiatus shows a strong seasonal and geographical asymmetry, with cooling in the Northern Hemisphere winter, especially over land, and warming elsewhere and in the other seasons. We show that the characteristics of the Northern Hemisphere winter cooling in 1998–2012 can mostly be explained by missing observations and by internal variability in the atmospheric circulation of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Estimates of the annual and seasonal temperature trends in 1998–2012 obtained by considering the concurrent effects of unforced natural variability and of coverage bias are much closer to the corresponding long‐term trends. Reanalyses suggest that the coverage bias was exceptionally pronounced during recent years and that an area of strong warming was missed due to the incomplete observational coverage. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate models indicate that trends in atmospheric circulation during the hiatus period did not occur as a response to anthropogenic forcing.
Dynamical processes within an anticyclonic eddy revealed from Argo floats
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhou , Xue Huijie , Chai Fei , Ni Qinbiao
Published: March 2015

Mesoscale eddies play a significant role in supplying the nutrients required for phytoplankton blooms and redistributing biomass in the ocean. However, how eddies influence nutrient flux and biomass distribution remains unclear. Here we reveal two important dynamical processes (radial displacement and vertical fluctuations) within an anticyclonic eddy by analyzing observations from Argo floats. The Argo floats in the eddy were displaced toward the eddy edge due to the imbalance of radial momentum. Vertical fluctuations below the mixed layer resulted in alternating upwelling and downwelling in the inner and outer parts of the eddy. High salinity deep water was uplifted tens of meters by the upwelling and further extended to the surface with the aid of wind effects. Vertical motions associated with the fluctuations penetrated to the depths of several hundred meters. These processes represent crucial dynamical mechanisms for the motion of particles in mature anticyclonic eddies.
Magmatism on rift flanks: Insights from ambient noise phase velocity in Afar region
Authors: Korostelev Félicie , Weemstra Cornelis , Leroy Sylvie , Boschi Lapo , Keir Derek , Ren Yong , Molinari Irene , Ahmed Abdulhakim , Stuart Graham W. , Rolandone Frédérique , Khanbari Khaled , Hammond James O. S. , Kendall J. M. , Doubre Cécile , Ganad Ismail Al , Goitom Berhe , Ayele Atalay
Published: March 2015

During the breakup of continents in magmatic settings, the extension of the rift valley is commonly assumed to initially occur by border faulting and progressively migrate in space and time toward the spreading axis. Magmatic processes near the rift flanks are commonly ignored. We present phase velocity maps of the crust and uppermost mantle of the conjugate margins of the southern Red Sea (Afar and Yemen) using ambient noise tomography to constrain crustal modification during breakup. Our images show that the low seismic velocities characterize not only the upper crust beneath the axial volcanic systems but also both upper and lower crust beneath the rift flanks where ongoing volcanism and hydrothermal activity occur at the surface. Magmatic modification of the crust beneath rift flanks likely occurs for a protracted period of time during the breakup process and may persist through to early seafloor spreading.
A traceable physical calibration of the vertical advection‐diffusion equation for modeling ocean heat uptake
Authors: Huber Markus , Tailleux Remi , Ferreira David , Kuhlbrodt Till , Gregory Jonathan
Published: March 2015

The classic vertical advection‐diffusion (VAD) balance is a central concept in studying the ocean heat budget, in particular in simple climate models (SCMs). Here we present a new framework to calibrate the parameters of the VAD equation to the vertical ocean heat balance of two fully‐coupled climate models that is traceable to the models' circulation as well as to vertical mixing and diffusion processes. Based on temperature diagnostics, we derive an effective vertical velocity w∗ and turbulent diffusivity for each individual physical process. In steady state, we find that the residual vertical velocity and diffusivity change sign in middepth, highlighting the different regional contributions of isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion in balancing the models' residual advection and vertical mixing. We quantify the impacts of the time evolution of the effective quantities under a transient 1% CO2 simulation and make the link to the parameters of currently employed SCMs.
A simple framework for assessing the sensitivity of mountain watersheds to warming‐driven snowpack loss
Authors: Tennant Christopher J. , Crosby Benjamin T. , Godsey Sarah E. , VanKirk Robert W. , Derryberry DeWayne R.
Published: March 2015

The common observation that snowpack increases with elevation suggests that a catchment's elevation distribution should be a robust indicator of its potential to store snow and its sensitivity to snowpack loss. To capture a wide range of potential elevation‐based responses, we used Monte Carlo methods to simulate 20,000 watershed elevation distributions. We applied a simple function relating warming, elevation, and snowpack to explore snowpack losses from the simulated elevation distributions. Regression analyses demonstrate that snowpack loss is best described by three parameters that identify the central tendency, variance, and shape of each catchment's elevation distribution. Equal amounts of snowpack loss can occur even when catchments are centered within different elevation zones; this stresses the value of also measuring the variance and shape of elevation distributions. Responses of the simulated elevation distributions to warming are nonlinear and emphasize that the sensitivity of mountain forests to snowpack loss will likely be watershed dependent.
Developmental origins of flatter cortisol rhythms: socioeconomic status and adult cortisol activity
Authors: Desantis Amy S. , Kuzawa Christopher W. , Adam Emma K.
Published: March 2015

Objective

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased psychosocial stress among low‐income persons, which could contribute to differences in activity of the HPA axis (assessed by diurnal cortisol profiles). The current article investigates associations of SES from different developmental stages with cortisol profiles.

Methods

Using data from a large, socioeconomically diverse birth cohort (N = 1,490) in Cebu, Philippines, the current study compares the relative and joint contributions of SES from five developmental periods, between the prenatal/birth period and early adulthood, to adult cortisol, and examines the effects of chronic exposure to low SES.

Results

Chronically low SES from infancy through early adulthood predicts the highest bedtime cortisol levels, lowest cortisol awakening responses (CARs), lowest total cortisol levels across the day (area under curve or AUC), and the flattest cortisol rhythms between wake up and bedtime, a profile associated with poorer health. Results indicate that cumulative economic strain (between the prenatal period and early adulthood) predicts flatter cortisol rhythms more consistently than SES from any particular period.

Conclusion

Interventions focusing on the psychosocial stressors associated with economic deprivation during any period from infancy to adulthood may be helpful, but targeting interventions across multiple periods may have the greatest impact. Interventions aimed at improving economic conditions between infancy and early adulthood may have implications for long‐term changes in HPA axis functioning. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:458–467, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Women who are married or living as married have higher salivary estradiol and progesterone than unmarried women
Authors: Barrett Emily S. , Tran Van , Thurston Sally W. , Frydenberg Hanne , Lipson Susan F. , Thune Inger , Ellison Peter T.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

Extensive research has demonstrated that marriage and parenting are associated with lower testosterone levels in men, however, very little is known about associations with hormone concentrations in women. Two studies have found lower testosterone in relation to pair‐bonding and motherhood in women, with several others suggesting that estradiol levels are lower among parous women than nulliparous women. Here, we examine estradiol and progesterone concentrations in relation to marriage and motherhood in naturally cycling, reproductive age women.

Methods

In 185 Norwegian women, estradiol and progesterone concentrations were assayed from waking saliva samples collected daily over the course of a menstrual cycle. Cycles were aligned on day 0, the day of ovulation. Mean periovulatory estradiol (days −7 to +6) and luteal progesterone (day +2 to +10) indices were calculated. Marital status and motherhood (including age of youngest child) were reported in baseline questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between ovarian hormones, marital status, and motherhood.

Results

Women who were married or living as married had higher estradiol than unmarried women (β = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.36) and higher luteal progesterone as well (β = 0.19; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.39). There were no notable differences in hormone levels in relationship to motherhood status.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that ovarian steroid hormones may be higher among women who are married or living as married, and suggest several possible explanations, however, additional research is needed to elucidate any causal relationships. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:501–507, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of sports participation on the development of left ventricular mass in adolescent boys
Authors: Valente‐Dos‐Santos João , Coelho‐E‐Silva Manuel J. , Castanheira Joaquim , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Sherar Lauren B. , Esliger Dale W. , Elferink‐Gemser Marije T. , Malina Robert M.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To examine the contribution of body size, biological maturation, and nonelite sports participation to longitudinal changes of left ventricular mass (LVM) in healthy boys.

Methods

One hundred and ten boys (11.0–14.5 years at baseline) were assessed biannually for 2 years. Stature, body mass, and four skinfolds were measured. Lean body mass (LBM) was estimated. Biological maturation was assessed as years from age at peak height velocity (APHV). Sports participation was assessed by questionnaire. LVM was obtained from M‐mode echocardiograms using two‐dimensional images. To account for the repeated measures within individual nature of longitudinal data, multilevel random effects regression analyses were used in the analysis.

Results

LVM increased on average 42 ± 18 g from 11 to 15 years (P < 0.05) and 76 ± 14 g from 3.5 years pre‐APHV to 1.5 years post‐APHV (P < 0.05). The multilevel model with the best statistical fit (Model B) showed that changes of 1 cm in stature, 1 year post‐APHV, and 1 kg of LBM predicts 4.7, 0.5, and 1 g of LVM (P < 0.05), respectively.

Conclusions

Among healthy, male adolescents aged 11–15 years individual differences in growth and biological maturation influence growth of LVM. Subcutaneous adiposity and sports participation were not associated with greater LVM. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:530–537, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.