Access to Genetic Testing Impacts Oncologists´ Decisions on Ovarian Cancer Personalized Treatment: Lessons Learned From a National Program in Greece
Authors: Boukovinas I. , Lypas G. , Liontos M. , Andreadis C. , Papandreou C. , Papakotoulas P. , Aravantinos G. , Bournakis E. , Karageorgopoulou S. , Maragkouli E. , Ziras N. , Kakolyris S. , Athanasiadis I. , Linardou E. , Koumarianou A. , Kalofonos C. , Pentheroudakis G. , Korantzis I. , Christodoulou C. , Kosmidis P. , Daliani D. , Ardavanis A. , Koumakis G. , Bankousli I. , Makrantonakis P. , Kesisis G. , Nikolaou M. , Diamantidou E. , Tsoukalas N. , Xanthakis I. , Fassas A. , Barbounis V. , Anagnostopoulos A. , Polyzos A. , Athanasiadis A. , Syrios I. , Peroukidis S. , Mpompolaki I. , Baka S. , Androulakis N. , Georgoulias V. , Emmanouilidis C. , Mavroudis D. , Sgouros I. , Stathopoulos C. , Katopodi O. , Varthalitis I. , Sarikaki P. , Saloustros E. , Saridaki Z. 
Published: September 2018

Background: State health insurance authorities in Greece do not reimburse genetic testing for cancer predisposition. The Hellenic Society of Medical Oncology has launched and carries out a national program covering genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations detection, with the financial support of pharmaceutical industry. Aim: This analysis evaluates how, during this program, access to genetic testing transformed the oncologists' therapeutic approach toward their ovarian cancer patients and how the results impacted treatment decisions concerning PARP inhibitors. Adoption of testing by healthy relatives and timing of testing in the disease continuum were also evaluated. Methods: Adult patients with high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinoma, irrespectively of family history or age at diagnosis were eligible for this program. Genetic counseling was recommended before testing, and both were offered at no financial cost. First degree family members of pathogenic mutation carriers were also offered free counseling and testing. Results: From March 2015 through January 2018, 708 patients were enrolled and tested. One hundred and forty seven (20.7%) mutation carriers were identified, 102 (14.4%) in BRCA1 and 45 (6.3%) in BRCA2 gene. Testing was more often pursued at initial diagnosis (61%) than at recurrence (39%), as recorded for 409 patients with available relevant information. During the 1st year of the program, average monthly tests performed were 25.1, while during the 3rd year this number increased to 34.3 tests per month. Among patients who tested positive for deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations, relapse was reported in 58 patients, 94.8% of which (n= 55) received treatment with the PARP inhibitor olaparib as per its indication. Family members of 21 patients (14.3%), out of the 147 who tested positive, received genetic counseling and testing for the mutation identified in the context of the program. Conclusion: Free access to genetic testing for BRCA1/2 for ovarian cancer patients and genetic consultation facilitates testing uptake, affects common clinical practice & has major impact on patients and their families. Still, diffusion of genetic information and broader testing of family members require further efforts by the oncological community.