bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitoplancton de red en el embalse de El Peñol, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez John Jairo
Published: January 2023

Se presenta las posibles relaciones existentes entre el fitoplancton de red y promedios de los parámetros fisicoquímicos hallados en el estudio limnológico del embalse El Peñol, realizado entre enero y diciembre de 1982. En él se encontraron 43 géneros fitoplanctónicos, en muestreos quincenales, en los que las Chlorophyta representaron el 60.46%, las Cyanophyta el 18.60%, las Chrysophyta y las Pyrrhophyta el 4.64% en total y las Diatomaceae el 16.27% del fitoplancton global. Se clasifica la represa como de eutroficación incipiente.
Otros flavonoides en la resina de varios Eucalyptus enfermos
Authors: Echeverri L. Luis Fernando , Quijano T. Jairo , Ensuncho M. Adolfo
Published: January 2023

De la resina de Eucalyptus globulus, E. citriodora y E. pulverulentus, se aislaron e identificaron dos dihidroflavonoles y una flavonona. Estos compuestos se encuentran exclusivamente en las resinas de las plantas afectadas por una enfermedad que disminuye considerablemente su desarrollo. Se discute desde un punto de vista quimiotaxonómico la presencia de tales sustancias, así como la posible función en la afectación de las plantas.
Contribuciones al conocimiento de los helechos del género Elaphoglossum (Elaphoglossaceae)
Authors: Atehortúa Lucía
Published: January 2023

Se reporan los resultados de un estudio integrado de la anatomía y la morfología comparada de especies de helechos del género Elaphoglossum, subsección Apoda, como parte de un estudio taxonómico de este complejo.La morfología de las hojas, las escamas del rizoma, el pecíolo y la lámina, además de la ornamentación de las esporas, resultaron de gran valor para diferenciar las especies de la subsección Apoda.
Estudio limnológico de la represa de El Peñol
Authors: Roldán Gabriel , Correa Margarita , Machado Tito , Ramírez John Jairo , Velásquez Luis F. , Zuluaga Fabio
Published: January 2023

Entre enero y diciembre de 1982 se llevaron a cabo muestreos quincenales en seis sitios diferentes en la represa de El Peñol. Dentro de los parámetros fisicoquímicos se analizaron la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto, el dióxido de carbono, el pH, la alcalinidad, la dureza, los fosfatos, los nitratos y los sulfatos. También se hicieron análisis de fitoplancton, zooplancton, bentos y malezas acuáticas. Dentro de los análisis microbiológicos se hizo un recuento de coliformes totales y microorganismos viables. En general, este estudio mostró que la represa presenta un estado de eutroficación moderado y una población característica de algas de aguas claras. Sin embargo, las fuentes de aguas negras que llegan a la represa y la actividad agrícola que se lleva a cabo en sus alrededores, podrían a corto plazo causar problemas graves de eutroficación.
Henneguya sp. (Myxosoa: Myxobolidae) parásito de la sardina Astyanax Fasciatus (Pisces: characidae)
Authors: Calvajal Humberto , González M. Alonso
Published: January 2023

Se informa la presencia de Henneguya sp., parásito de la sardina Astyanax fasciatus con una breve referencia a las especies que parasitan en peces dulceacuícolas de Suramérica.
Sobre algunos apicomplexos parásitos de ranas del pacífico de Colombia
Authors: Carvajal Humberto , Rubio Henry
Published: January 2023

Se describen parásitos del filum Apicomplexa de los géneros Lankesterella, Dactylosoma y Haemogregarina, parásitos en ranas de la zona del Pacífico de Colombia. Se discute el estado actual de la taxonomía de estos organismos.
Formaciones de pústulas y cavernas en corales del Pacífico colombiano por crustáceos comensales Brachyuros
Authors: Von Prahl Henry
Published: January 2023

Se presentan diagnósticos y dibujos detallados de Hapalocarcinus marsupialis Stimpson y Pseudocryptochirus crescentus (Edmonson), dos cangrejos que producen fuertes alteraciones anatómicas en sus corales hospederos (Pocillopora y Pavona) y que presentan una amplia distribución que se extiende desde el Indo-pacífico hasta el Pacífico Americano. Se describen los posibles mecanismos empleados por estos crustáceos para alterar el coral y “construir” de esta forma pústulas cerradas y cavernas. También se presentan datos sobre sus mecanismos básicos de alimentación y reproducción.
Resúmenes de trabajos de grado
Authors: Actualidades Biológicas Revista
Published: January 2023

Peresentados durante 1984.
Principales zonas naturales amenazadas del mundo
Authors: Actualidades Biológicas Revista
Published: January 2023

Tomado de: Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Gland, Suiza.
Valores biológicos, físicos y sociales de la Selva húmeda tropical
Authors: Actualidades Biológicas El Editor
Published: January 2023

Valores biológicos, físicos y sociales de la Selva húmeda tropical
Resúmenes de trabajos de grado
Authors: Actualidades Biológicas Revista
Published: January 2023

Presentados en la Universidad de Antioquia durante 1986
Efecto de los campos eléctricos sobre la producción de biomasa micelial del hongo medicinal Ganoderma lucidum [(W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae)]
Authors: Ramírez-Cadavid David A. , Galindo-Muñoz Andrés R. , Zapata-Ocampo Paola A. , Rojas-Vahos Diego F. , Fernández-Ossa Carlos , Atehortúa-Garcés Lucía
Published: January 2023

Se evaluó el efecto de los campos eléctricos sobre el crecimiento del hongo Ganoderma lucidum [(W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. Ganodermataceae] bajo condiciones de cultivo sumergido, con el objetivo de optimizar su producción de biomasa. Ganoderma lucidum fue expuesto a tres factores diferentes [tipo de campo eléctrico corriente alterna (AC), corriente continua (DC) y corriente pulsada (IM)]; intensidad del campo [siete intensidades de campo desde 0,0 kV cm-1] (cultivo control) hasta 3,0 kV cm-1; y periodo de estimulación [dependiendo de la fase de crecimiento del hongo, después de la inoculación día 0 (fase lag), día 3 (fase exponencial o log) y día 6 (fase estacionaria)]. Los resultados mostraron que la combinación del campo eléctrico AC, con una intensidad de 1,5 kV cm-1 y aplicado al día 3 presentaron una mejor producción de biomasa con una media de 35,6450 ± 0,6684 g l-1, mientras que la combinación de los tres factores tipo de campo eléctrico DC a una intensidad de 2,5 kV cm-1 y aplicado el día 6 presentaron una menor producción de biomasa con una media de 26,2950 ± 3,9926 g l-1. Los anteriores resultados muestran que según la combinación de los factores evaluados es posible estimular la producción de biomasa del hongo Ganoderma lucidum bajo condiciones de cultivo sumergido mediante la aplicación de campo eléctrico.
Distribución de especies y su relación con la variación ambiental y espacial a escala local en un bosque de tierra firme en la Amazonia colombiana
Authors: Peña Miguel A. , Cárdenas Dairon , Duque Álvaro
Published: January 2023

El presente estudio analizó la magnitud a la cual la variación ambiental y las variables espaciales influencian la distribución de las especies arbóreas de dosel (DAP ≥ 10 cm), a escala local en un bosque de tierra firme de la Amazonia colombiana. El muestreo se llevó a cabo en una parcela de cinco ha, dividida en 125 cuadrantes de 20 x 20 m, ubicada en el PNN Amacayacu. Se seleccionaron las especies con una frecuencia igual o mayor a diez (10) en los 125 cuadrantes. Para cuantificar el efecto del ambiente y el espacio geográfico, se empleó la regresión logística con base en los datos de presencia ausencia de las especies en cada uno de los cuadrantes. La distribución de las especies presentó mayor relación con las variables espaciales que con las ambientales, permaneciendo generalmente en promedio el 50,7 ± 23,8% de desviación sin explicar. Las variables ambientales fueron significativas en 33 modelos, presentando capacidad explicativa entre 0,21 y 23,71%. Las variables espaciales fueron incluidas en todos los modelos explicativos de la distribución de las especies, con una importancia relativa de hasta el 97,3%. El presente estudio, resalta la importancia del análisis de las respuestas de especies arbóreas individuales a los cambios ambientales y espaciales, encontrando diferencias en los factores que determinan la distribución de especies dentro de familias e incluso dentro de un mismo género, lo cual tiene gran influencia en la estructuración de la diversidad alpha. Lo que esto demuestra es que la especialización de hábitat y los procesos espacialmente estructurados como la limitación en dispersión, más que ser mecanismos excluyentes, actúan de forma complementaria a diferentes niveles promoviendo la coexistencia de especies. Los resultados obtenidos difieren de estudios anteriores en cuanto que este estudio muestra menor importancia relativa de los factores edáficos sobre la distribución de especies a escala local. En este caso particular, se sugiere que a escala local existe un alto componente aleatorio asociado con la variación no explicada. Sin embargo, no se descarta que esta condición emerja como producto del submuestreo en estos bosques de diversidad muy alta.
Adenda de Resúmenes del IV Congreso Colombiano de Botánica
Authors: Actualidades Biológicas Revista
Published: January 2023

Adenda de Resúmenes del IV Congreso Colombiano de Botánica
Evaluación preliminar de la toxicidad y patología de la cepa colombiana Bacillus sphaericus en tejidos de ratón
Authors: Rivera-Rodríguez Silvia C. , Dussan-Garzón Jenny
Published: January 2023

La toxicidad y patogenicidad del aislamiento colombiano de Bacillus sphaericus OT4B25 fue probada en conejos y ratones como modelos mamíferos. Después de la administración de una sola dosis del microorganismo (108-109 esporas/ml) en cuatro diferentes pruebas que incluían rutas de administración dérmica, inhalatoria, oral e intraperitoneal, se realizó un seguimiento con observaciones diarias y la determinación del peso de los individuos semanalmente. En las dos últimas rutas de administración la infectividad fue evaluada a través de necropsias en sacrificios interinos intentando recuperar el microorganismo de órganos y sangre. En la prueba oral, se estimó la eliminación del microorganismo en heces y en la inhalatoria se hizo de los pulmones, en ambas se observó la dis-minución en los títulos del microorganismo recuperado a través del tiempo. aunque en la ruta de administración oral el microorganismo se recuperó principalmente del hígado, bazo y pulmones, adicionalmente a estos órganos del sitio de inyección y del ciego en la intraperitoneal, no se recuperó de sangre o cerebro en ambas pruebas. a pesar de la persistencia del microorganismo en los animales tras su administración oral, inhalatoria e intraperitoneal, no se observaron muertes o lesiones durante ninguna de las pruebas y el peso corporal no se vio afectado comparado con los grupos control. En conclusión, en las condiciones y dosis probadas, la cepa de Bacillus sphaericus OT4B25 no es patógena o tóxica a través de las rutas de administración probadas.
Caracterización genética de aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans en las zonas productoras de papa de los departamentos de Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca y Norte de Santander (Colombia)
Authors: Silva Bernardo , Jaramillo Sonia , Marín Mauricio
Published: January 2023

El tizón tardío ó gota de la papa, causada por el Oomycete Phytophthora infestans, es la enfermedad más limitante de este cultivo en el mundo. En Colombia, la gota presenta niveles altos de incidencia y severidad en la mayor parte de las regiones productoras de papa, siendo frecuente encontrar cultivos en los cuales toma proporciones epidémicas, causando la pérdida total de la producción cuando no se aplican frecuentemente fungicidas. El conocimiento de las características genotípicas de los ftopatógenos es una condición fundamental para el diseño y aplicación de métodos de control de las enfermedades causadas por éstos. En la presente investigación se evaluaron los haplotipos mitocondriales, tipo de apareamiento y el nivel de variación de las regiones ITS y 28S del ADN ribosomal de poblaciones de 40 aislamientos de P. infestans obtenidos de cultivos de papa en los departamentos de Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca y Norte de Santander (Colombia). Los resultados indicaron la presencia de un sólo haplotipo mitocondrial (IIa) y el tipo de apareamiento A1 en todos los aislamientos de las cuatro poblaciones evaluadas, lo que sugiere la ocurrencia de un solo linaje genético (posiblemente EC-1) del patógeno en los cultivos de papa de las zonas estudiadas. De otra parte, las secuencias de las regiones ITS y 28S fueron idénticas para todoslos aislamientos y presentaron altos niveles de identidad con aislamientos de otros hospedantes y regiones del mundo. Estos resultados permiten inferir que en los cuatro departamentos las poblaciones de P. infestans presentan un comportamiento clonal y que no existe evidencia de su reproducción sexual.
Aplicación de la prueba de micronúcleos a especies ícticas silvestres frecuentes en dos ambientes lenticos de zonas bajas de Colombia
Authors: Palacio-Betancur Isabel , Palacio-Baena Jaime A. , Camargo-Guerrero Mauricio
Published: January 2023

se evaluó la presencia de estrés genotóxico en algunas especies ícticas en dos ambientes lénticos tropicales de Colombia [Cienaga de Cachimbero (Santander) y Cienaga de Ayapel (Cordoba)] a través de la aplicación de la prueba de micronúcleos. Después de la captura de los peces y la identificación de las especies se extrajo la muestra de sangre por medio de punción cardiaca y se tomaron las medidas morfométricas. las muestras se tiñeron con Giemsa y se cuantificó la frecuencia de micronúcleos en 2.000 células por individuo. Se calculó el factor de con-dición para cada uno de los ejemplares capturados y se aplicó un análisis de K-W para comparar el número de MN entre las diferentes especies en cada una de las ciénagas y el número de mn de las especies comunes en los dos sistemas lagunares. Los resultados mostraron una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el factor de condición y la frecuencia de eritrocitos micronúcleados. Aunque no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las frecuencias de los micronúcleos de las diferentes especies en las ciénagas de cachimbero y de Ayapel, Hoplias malabaricus presentó un promedio de micronucleos muy superior a las demás especies en la ciénaga de Cachim-bero y Ctenolucius sujeta y Cyphocharax magdalenae para la ciénaga de Ayapel. nuestros resultados sugieren que tanto especies sensitivas como no sensitivas podrían ser incluidas como especies centinelas en los estudios de biomonitoreo en colombia.
Diatomeas perifíticas de la zona de ritral del río Medellín (Antioquia), Colombia
Authors: Montoya-M Yimmy , Ramírez-Restrepo John J. , Segecin-Moro Rosemeri
Published: January 2023

Se estudió la agrupación de diatomeas colonizadoras de sustratos artificiales en la zona de ritral del río Medellín, ubicada dentro de la reserva ecológica del Alto de San Miguel entre los 1.800-2.800 m de altitud, en el municipio de Caldas (Antioquia). De enero a marzo de 1998 se tomaron muestras semanales con el fin de determinar varia-ciones en la composición del ensamble de diatomeas perifíticas bajo condiciones de estrés por sequía resultado del fenómeno de El Niño. Durante el proceso de colonización se encontraron 37 especies de diatomeas con distribu-ción tropical, subtropical y cosmopolita. Los taxones encontrados fueron agrupados en 10 familias y 18 géneros, siendo Naviculaceae la de mayor número de géneros (6). Se encontraron diferencias a nivel temporal y espacial entre diversidad y equidad, las que fueron asociadas a las fluctuaciones entre épocas de muestreo y debidas a las variaciones en el caudal, el fósforo soluble reactivo, el oxígeno disuelto y el nitrógeno amoniacal. Cabe anotar que esta última variable fue la única de carácter químico que presentó relación significativa con la riqueza de diatomeas. El caudal se relacionó inversamente con la diversidad (r = -0,43; p = 0,035). Las demás variables evaluadas no presentaron fluctuaciones importantes, mostraron un comportamiento independiente del caudal y no presentaron relación con los índices biológicos.
Oviposición de Stenorrhina degenhardti (Serpentes: colubridae) en un nido de Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera: formicidae)
Authors: Velásquez-Múnera Eliana , Ortiz-Reyes Adriana , Páez Vivian P. , Guzmán-Restrepo Gloria E.
Published: January 2023

Durante la excavación de un nido de la hormiga cortadora Acromyrmex octospinosus, descubrimos una nidada de la serpiente Stenorrhina degenhardti de la familia colubridae. Tanto los huevos como la masa del nido de hormiga fueron transferidos al laboratorio de la Universidad de Antioquia para ser mantenidos en cautiverio. Las hormigas no solo toleraron el nido de la serpiente dentro de la cámara de crecimiento, sino que activamente usaron los huevos como estructuras de soporte para el crecimiento del hongo simbionte. La ausencia de agresión hacia la hembra ovipositora (presumiblemente) y hacia los neonatos emergentes, sugiere que ésta asociación puede representar más que una asociación de comensalismo y amerita estudios futuros
INTERVIEW WITH JON FOX ON BEING AN “EVERYDAY NATIONHOOD SCHOLAR”
Authors: UZUN AVCİ Emel , DEDE Kadir
Published: January 2023

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"YENİ TÜRKİYE"DE ULUSAL GÜNLERİN REKLAM FİLMLERİNDE HATIRLANMASI: GÜNDELİK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİN GÖRÜNTÜLERİ
Authors: KINIKOĞLU Canan Neşe
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmada Kemalist milliyetçiliğin ve tarih yazımının muhalefet konumuna düştüğü “yeni Türkiye”de ulusal günlerin reklam filmlerinde nasıl hatırlandığı incelenmektedir. Cumhuriyete ilişkin ulusal günlerle ilgili kamusal tartışmaların arttığı ve yönetmeliklerin değiştiği 2012 sonrası döneme odaklanılarak YouTube Ads Leaderboard’da en çok etkileşim alan reklamlar arasından ulusal günleri konu alan 27 reklam filmi içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmada üç bulgu ön plana çıkmaktadır: Birinci bulgu, incelenen reklam filmlerinin büyük çoğunda ulusal günlerin tarihi bağlamlarından koparılarak gündelik hayatın içinden gerçek olduğu iddia edilen milliyetçilik görüntüleri ile hatırlandığını işaret etmektedir. İkinci bulgu, geçmiş öğeleri kullanan reklamlarda ulusal günlerin Kemalist resmi tarih yazımı üzerinden yeniden tanımlandığını göstermektedir. Üçüncü bulguda ise, reklamlardaki bu anımsama biçimlerinin ulus ve sembollerine yönelik hissedilen ortak duygular ile pekiştiği görülmektedir. Bu bulgular ışığında araştırma, “yeni Türkiye”de ulusal günleri konu alan reklam filmlerinin, şirketlerin siyasi yönelimlerinin ötesinde ulusun ve sembollerinin araçsallaştırıldığı, sıradanlaştırıldığı ve yaygınlaştığı politik alanlar olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
MİLLİYETÇİ ROMANTİZM: ERİL BİR TUTKU OLARAK POPÜLER MİLLİYETÇİLİK
Authors: ÖZDEMİR İlker , IŞIK S. Yetkin
Published: January 2023

Milliyetçilik yukarıdan/siyasi elitler/iktidarlar tarafından inşa edilen bir politik kurgu olmasına rağmen konu üzerinde yazanların da işaret ettikleri gibi, kurgular gerçeklerle, teori pratikle her zaman örtüşmez ve milliyetçiliğin toplum tarafından nasıl alımlandığı ve hangi dinamiklerle içselleştirilip, eylemlere uyarlandığı veya sürekliliğinin nasıl sağlandığı devletler tarafından kontrol altında tutulamaz. Milliyetçiliğin tek bir toplum içindeki çeşitliliği ve konjonktüre göre değişkenliği de bu kontrol edilemezliğin bir kanıtıdır. Bu yazıda popülist milliyetçilik bir ideoloji olarak değil bir söylem olarak ve tetiklediği duygusal eğilimler olarak ele alınmıştır. Milliyetçi romantizm bu duygusal eğilimlerin ifadesidir ve bu romantizm biçimi erillik, anti-entelektüalizm ve şiddet/militarizm gibi birbirine bağlı öğeleri içermekte olup, bu yazıda romantik milliyetçi eğilimler birbiriyle bağlantılı olan erilmerkezcilik, anti-entelektüalizm ve şiddet/militarizm bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Milliyetçi romantizm güçlü olma ve güçlü görünme çabası ile biçimlenen eril tutkulara dayanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede erkeksi değerler olarak şiddet ve militarizm yüceltilirken, erk(eklik)in kaybı olarak görülen düşünsel, etik ve estetik çabalar değersizleştirilmektedir. Eril değerlerin bu denli yüceltilmesi ve öne çıkıyor olması, sonuç olarak, iyi düzenlenmiş uygar bir toplumun oluşmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir.
GÜNDELİK HAYAT VE MİLLİYETÇİ ÖZNENİN İNŞASI
Authors: YILDIRIM Tayfun
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada gündelik hayat ve milliyetçilik teorilerinden hareketle, milliyetçi öznenin inşası tartışılmaktadır. Milliyetçi tarih yazımı, milleti oluşturan unsurları verili olarak kabul etmektedir. Milliyetçi öznenin inşasını tartışmak için özcü ulus anlatısından kopmak gerekmektedir. Ulus gündelik pratiklerle her gün yeniden üretilmektedir. Ritüeller, semboller ve söylemler gündelik hayat içerisinde milliyetçi özneyi inşa etmektedir. Çalışmada milliyetçi öznenin inşası, Louis Althusser’in ideoloji kuramından ve Michael Billig’in banal milliyetçilik teorisinden hareketle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Milliyetçilik kuramları genel olarak milliyetçiliğin bireylere endoktrinasyon yoluyla kabul ettirildiğine işaret eder. Çalışmada, öznelerin milliyetçiliğin hem ürünü hem de failli olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son olarak ise, Judith Butler’ın tabiyet kuramından hareketle milli kimliğe duyulan bağlılık açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Rate and Efficiency of Organic Carbon Assimiliation by Aquacultured Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra
Authors: A'an Johan Wahyudi A'an Johan Wahyudi , Lisa Fajar Indriana Lisa Fajar Indriana , Muhammad Firdaus Muhammad Firdaus , Hanif Budi Prayitno Hanif Budi Prayitno , Hanny Meirinawati Hanny Meirinawati
Published: January 2023

Diet assimilation rate is crucial to the growth and survival of Holothuria scabra juveniles during culture. To understand the assimilation rate and efficiency we assess organic carbon assimilation, which is closely related to the growth and source of variations in diet. We conducted a two-factor experiment, i.e., juvenile origin (cultured and wild H. scabra juveniles), and diet treatment (one control with no additional diet, and three additional diets, i.e., rice bran, dried cow manure, and seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract). We monitored the amounts of each diet that the juveniles consumed and the fecal pellets they egested. The diet, sediment, body walls, and organic carbon content of the fecal pellets were measured using an elemental analyzer combined with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Exponential growth was seen in the juveniles fed with rice bran, which had a fecal pellet egestion of 0.12–0.21 gC/d. Stable isotope analysis showed that the contribution of the diet proportion to the growth of the sandfish did not exceed 30%. The range of the assimilation rate was 35.3–62.4 gC/d. The average assimilation efficiency of organic carbon was 43.6 ± 27.7% (max 57.9%). Considering the assimilation rate and efficiency, we suggest a feeding interval of once every two days or twice per week at a rate of 3–5% of the total H. scabra biomass for a juvenile culture system.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)- Its Approaches to Improve Reproduction in Fish
Authors: Sahadan Fatin Nabilah , Christianus Annie , Md Yasin Ina-Salwany , Ismail Fadhil-Syukri , Othman Roshani , Zulperi Zarirah
Published: January 2023

This review briefly highlights previous studies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its approaches to improving fish reproduction in the aquaculture industry. Reproductive system dysfunction of the captive fish is the main problem that has to be treated depending on the compatibility of fish species. This problem is caused by the non-synchronized maturation of female and male broodstock, and the low quality of broodstock. As shown in previous studies, induced breeding with exogenous treatment from specialized hormones could be one of the best cures for this issue. Hormonal treatments have been used by farmers to overcome the reproductive system dysfunctions in establishing captive wild or hatchery-based breeding. Although the imitation in its natural condition has been set up, for broodstock to spawn naturally problems still occur, hence the need for hormonal therapy. This review aims to deliver the results and contributions of an established artificial hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa), to treat fish reproductive system dysfunction, to improve the qualities of eggs, seedlings, and broodstock, mainly to help fish farmers and can be used in the aquaculture industry to improve the reproduction of cultured fishes for sustainable aquaculture production to achieve the market demand and consumption.
Tomato Post-Harvest Fruit Ripening in Pakistan: Effect of Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in Inhibiting Ripening Gene Expression
Authors: Ramzan Aleena , Javed Rida , Zulfiqar Alveena , Shakeel Samina N
Published: January 2023

Short shelf life of tomato fruits, with the unavailability of modernized handling/storage and transport practices causes ~30-40 % of yield loss which leads to great financial burden on the import of Pakistani tomatoes. There is an urgent need to adapt an easy and cost effective applicable technology for increasing the shelf life of fully ripened tomato fruits by inhibiting ethylene perception that leads to ripening and decay. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on ripening of tomatoes. Physiological and molecular parameters were recorded to analyse the inhibitory effect of 1-MCP. Green tomatoes were harvested and treated with 1-MCP for 24 h and 8 days. Results of the physiological data based on colour, weight, and firmness of the fruits showed a significant delay in the onset of ripening after 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP is known to block ethylene receptors, therefore, we used different ethylene and ripening related genes as markers to prove that 1-MCP potentially delayed tomato fruit ripening by inhibiting the ethylene pathway that in turn downregulated the ripening signalling pathway genes. Therefore, this study provides evidence that 1-MCP can effectively be used as an alternative to reduce the post-harvest tomato yield losses in Pakistan with slight optimization on the method to suit the different varieties of local tomatoes.
Sintesis dan Pencirian Kompleks Fenolbenzimidazol dan Kajian Interaksi terhadap CT-DNA
Authors: Ismail Nor Falahiah , Norazmi Nur Aqilah Zahirah , Abd Karim Nurul Huda
Published: January 2023

Kompleks fenolbenzimidazol berjaya disintesis dan dicirikan menggunakan spektroskopi resonans magnet nukleus (RMN), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), penentuan julat takat lebur, analisis ultralembayung-boleh nampak (UL-BN), analisis unsur (CHNS), kerentanan magnet dan Kristalografi Sinar-X. Mod pengikatan interaksi antara kompleks fenolbenzimidazol dengan DNA timus anak lembu (CT-DNA) dikaji dengan kaedah pentitratan DNA menggunakan serapan elektronik UL-BN dan kajian nisbah kepekatan DNA menggunakan analisis pendarfluor. Berdasarkan spektrum UL-BN, anjakan hipokromism dan batokromism diperhatikan apabila kompleks fenolbenzimidazol dititratkan dengan CT-DNA dan menunjukkan pembentukan kompleks baru. Kompleks fenolbenzimidazol berinteraksi dengan CT-DNA secara pengikatan interkalasi dengan pemalar pengikatan, Kb (1.68 ± 1.4) × 105 - (1.02 ± 0.1) × 107 M-1. Kajian pendarfluor dijalankan untuk memerhati sifat optik kompleks fenolbenzimidazol terhadap CT-DNA. Keputusan kajian ini sangat bernilai dan berpotensi dalam menjadikan kompleks fenolbenzimidazol sebagai prob DNA sensor optik.
Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory (ACE-I) Peptide from Germinated Lamtoro Gung (Leucaena leucocephala Ssp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate) Flour
Authors: Aprilia Fitriani Aprilia Fitriani , Retno Indrati Retno Indrati , Yustinus Marsono Yustinus Marsono , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: January 2023

Hypertension is a significant public health problem worldwide, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cause of premature death. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is one of the causes of hypertension. Lamtoro Gung has potential as an Angiotensin-I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory (ACE-I) due to the presence of peptide that able to inhibit its activity to prevent hypertension. The germination process was carried out to hydrolyse storage proteins and produce peptides that have a low molecular weight. This study investigated ACE-I activity from Lamtoro Gung seed during germination and evaluated the blanching effect on it. This experiment was conducted with a Completely Randomised Design (CRD), and the factor is the differences in germination duration (0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h). Proteolytic activity and the degree of hydrolysis during germination were studied to know the correlation between germination and ACE-I activity. The highest ACE-I activity sample was blanched with three different durations (2, 4, and 6 s). The 48 h germinated Lamtoro Gung had the highest ACE-I activity (70.62%). This result was supported by the proteolytic activity (168.79 U/g protein dry matter) and degree of hydrolysis (23.26%). Forty-eight hours of germination of Lamtoro Gung resulted in the highest ACE-I activity. Blanching of germinated Lamtoro Gung for 2 s could hold the ACE-I activity, but the longer duration decreased it.
Spatial Quantile Autoregressive Model: Case Study of Income Inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Evellin Dewi Lusiana Evellin Dewi Lusiana , Henny Pramoedyo Henny Pramoedyo , Sudarmawan Barianto Nurasri
Published: January 2023

Substantial economic development in Indonesia has dramatically increased inequality in the last decade. This issue will hinder the country’s long-term economic development as well as creating socioeconomic instability and violence. This study analysed the effects of macroeconomic factors such as gross regional domestic product, investment, unemployment rate, and labour-force participation, on Indonesian provinces’ inequality. Since the economic development in Indonesia is mostly concentrated on Java Island, a spatial based analysis was appropriate. In addition, we also considered a method that enabled a specific level of inequality modelling, since previous studies used a mean-based analysis. Therefore, we proposed a spatial quantile autoregressive (SQAR) technique. The results showed that the Gini index of Indonesian provinces had a significant positive spatial autocorrelation (SA). Regions with similar Gini index values tended to cluster together. In addition, local analysis of the SA showed Java Island as a region that was characterized by high inequality, while Sumatra and Kalimantan Island were not. By contrast, the SQAR model suggested that there were various effects of macroeconomic factors on inequality at different levels of quantile. As a consequence, distinct approaches to handling inequality should be taken for provinces with low, medium, and high Gini index values.
A Comparison of Efficiency of Test Statistics for Detecting Outliers in Normal Population
Authors: Promtep Kullaphat , Thiuthad Phontita , Intaramo Natchita
Published: January 2023

The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency among the test statistics which are used to detect outliers by testing hypothesis methods. The test statistics considered were Dixon’s test, Ferguson’s test, Grubbs’ test, Tw-test, and Tietjen-Moore’s test. The outliers were divided, by how far they are, into two groups: mild and extreme outliers. The efficiency of the test statistics was measured by the probability of type I error and the power of the test. The results showed that Tietjen-Moore’s test can control the probability of type I error according to Cochran and Bradley criteria in every situation. Tw-test has highest sensitivity in detecting one outlier when the sample size is small or moderate but, if the sample size is large, Grubbs’ test performs better. In the case of detecting one extreme outlier, the power of four tests tend to increase as the sample size increases at the significance level 0.01. Given that k outliers are detected, Tietjen-Moore’s test provides higher power than Tw-test when k equals 10% of sample size when the outliers are both mild and extreme, contrary to the case when k make up for 20%.
Bond Graph Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Babangida Aminu , Husi Géza , Szemes Péter
Published: January 2023

The high-performance feature of the Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) makes it a reliable and valuable motor for use in the automotive industry, especially for electric vehicle (EVs) applications. This research proposes a bond graph approach in modeling the PMLSM as a multi-domain dynamical system.
However, A time-based simulation was performed using 20-sim software to simulate the dynamical behavior of the motor. An equivalent model of the motor was first obtained and then modeled and simulated using 20-sim software. The model of the PMLSM drive system was modeled separately and incorporated with PMLSM Motor equivalent model to form a global model.
 Moreover, the motor drive system response was studied based on the sensor resolutions and the inverter switching frequency. The block diagram and the transfer function methods validated the bond graph model obtained. Two classical PIs such as continuous and discrete were implemented on the motor response to control the velocity of the motor.
THE ARCHIVAL FUND OF VALKA DICTRICT COUNCIL CULTURE DEPARTMENT IN THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF LATVIA REGIONAL STATE ARCHIVE OF VALMIERA: THE ARCHIVAL AND HISTORICAL VALUE OF THE DOCUMENTS (1950 – 1991)
Authors: Čečiņa Diāna
Published: January 2023

The topic of the article: The archival fund of Valka district council Culture department in the national archives of Latvia regional state archive of Valmiera: The archival and historical value of the documents (1950 – 1991). The documents of Valka district council Culture department are stored in regional state archive of Valmiera. The documents reveal the activities of Culture department including the culture clubs, libraries, museums, district clubs, musical schools, cinemas in the soviet times. Up to now these documents of this fond are not being investigated and analyzed therefore the aim of the work is to investigate these Valka Culture department fund documents, in order to define their archival and historical value, as well as to clarify the possibilities of use of these documents.
PATIENT INJURY DETERMINATION IN MEDICAL RISK FUND
Authors: Saulišs Gatis
Published: January 2023

Patient injuries occur and sometimes are unavoidable, caused by a medical error or even a medical negligence. Medical risk fund is created to compensate patients for received injuries during their treatment. However, compensation system is not without flaws. Criteria to determine damages done to patient are not fully suitable to ensure their right to compensation for damages done during the treatment process. The article discusses the application of damage criteria to determine the fair amount of damage caused to patient during the treatment and a system on how to properly evaluate the total damages.
THE CONCEPT OF AN ANIMAL AND WORKINGS WITHIN THE MEANING OF ITS RIGHTS
Authors: Santalova Liāna
Published: January 2023

The animals have been known since several thousand years ago. Some of them have been used for subsistence and survival. These days it is no longer necessary. Modern society needs to learn to respect animals rather than treat them as things, property. An animal can be assimilated to a human being because it fulfils all the functions that a person has. Nevertheless, the law is interpreted differently. There is no understanding of animal rights in Latvia, they are not segregated. Animals should be given fundamental rights: the right to life, freedom and the right not to own any property. The animal is entitled to live as defined in the laws of nature, not for the purposes of the pleasures and greed of the people, for his will, for suffering, for pain, for fear.
THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL LIABILITY, NATURE, FEATURES
Authors: Romanovska Dana
Published: January 2023

The publication is devoted to investigate civil liability, because despite the huge research into civil liability, its legal nature, its form, the problems of disposal have so far not given a single explanation and instead makes disagreements among scientists. There are various explanations of legal responsibility in the rights theory, which are very controversial. Although the problem of responsibility is widely debated, a single term of responsibility in the rights theory has not been established. Civil liability is the most common form of legal responsibility that people face
DELEGATION OF MUNICIPAL FUNCTION
Authors: Petrova Valērija
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research is to get more knowledge on question about municipality function delegation. To understand that delegation of municipality functions are happening. Is in regulations of Republic of Latvia is completely adjusted the question about delegation of municipality functions. In the result of this research there were detected fundamental questions about delegation of municipality functions, which are not adjusted in regulations of Republic of Latvia.
EMPLOYER STATEMENT
Authors: Mihailova Jolanta
Published: January 2023

The development of the term paper is Labour law. The work considered the issue of those cases when the employer, driven by certain circumstances, does not want and/or is unable to employ an employee, thus the employer's right to terminate the employment contract specified in the Labour Law is formed. The paper considers the concepts, legal frame work and the result in problems that are relevant to employers. Employees of tenuse sick-leaves dishonestly, which has become a major problem in the daily lives of companies. In capacity for work is of tenused as a labor disputere solution strategy. In most cases, solutions to problems can be found in the public perception - not only the employee is the primary one, but also the employer is especially important not only for the employee himself, but also for the state as a whole.
SITUATION IN THE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC CYCLICALITY
Authors: Stapulonis Mairis
Published: January 2023

The study “Situation in the Real Estate Market in the Context of Economic Cyclicality” analyzes the literature on economic cyclicality, looking at various theories and studies that differently characterize the lengths, phases and influencing factors of economic cycles. The study of economic cyclicality also mentions indicators that affect the recession phase or crisis. It is the economic crisis and the interaction between the real estate market that is discussed in the second part of the paper, where the economic crisis and its aspects in 2008 in Latvia are described. The concluding part contains general information about the current situation in the real estate market in Latvia, analyzing the situation related to possible crisis threats, which are alarmed by the media and which cause both vigilance and concern for the Latvian population.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INDICATORS CHARATERIZING THE STANDART OF LIVING OF THE INHABITANTS IN LATVIA
Authors: Jeršova Anastasija
Published: January 2023

Financial well-being characterizes the provision of the inhabitants with basic goods and services and the standard of living of the inhabitants, which can be assessed by using certain indicators. Theoretical study of the standard of living and standard of living indicators of the inhabitants provides an opportunity to assess the standard of living of the inhabitants in Latvia. Clarification and evaluation of correlations between various indicators characterizing the standard of living of the inhabitants creates conditions for the development of proposals for raising the standard of living of the inhabitants in Latvia. The author of the article believes that Latvian government should implement measures that would reduce regional development inequality in Latvia. Equalization of regional development would promote the activation of entrepreneurship in specific regions, which would accordingly increase the income of the inhabitants for both entrepreneurs and employees.
IMPACT OF CHANGES IN PERSONAL INCOME TAX ON TAXPAYERS WORK INCOME
Authors: Dubova Annija
Published: January 2023

Compared to other countries, following the World Bank analyses, Latvia compared to other countries of the European Union before 2018 tax reforms had relatively high labour taxes but very low capital taxes. It is important that tax reform from 2018 has given some impact on tax burden for all tax payers, including employers. Reducing tax burden can make impact on consumption of goods and services, employer’s competitiveness. The aim of the research is to study the changes in personal income tax since 2018 and their impact on earned income. The author studied the impact of changes in personal income tax on labor income in different categories and developed proposals on how to improve personal income tax in order to increase the net labor income of employees.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING IN LATVIA
Authors: Pogurecka Krista
Published: January 2023

Sustainability reporting improve the quality of financial reporting to meet the needs of different users of corporate information. The traditional financial reporting is deficient in total, which underlines the need for sustainability reporting. In the nearest future, social and societal pressure to disclose information about a company's compliance with sustainability issues will become a requirement for boards to set a strategic direction to ensure a sustainability reporting policy.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC CONDITIONS IN LATVIA
Authors: Rēdmane Laura
Published: January 2023

The tourism industry will have to adapt to the post-pandemic "new normal" as the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought major changes to the world. The Covid-19 outbreak, which began in 2019, affected the lives of people and businesses around the world and changed everyday life beyond recognition. Given that Covid-19 is spread mainly through contact with an infected person, the decision was taken in several countries to introduce various safety measures to reduce the spread of Covid-19, such as the introduction of an emergency situation, social distancing, travel restrictions, wearing of masks, cancellation of events and closure of businesses. These changes had a major impact on everyone around the world, but in 2022, as the incidence decreases, the tourism industry is gradually starting to recover. The novelty of the research: explores how the tourism industry is evolving in the face of the pandemic and how travellers are changing their habits.
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL RESEARCH METHODS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUALIFICATION PAPERS OF THE STUDY PROGRAM “ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AGRICULTURE”
Authors: Starodumova Rita
Published: January 2023

One of the requirements of the qualification paper is to process data and information, as well as to conduct research in the analytical part, it is mandatory to use various research methods. The aim of the research is to analyse the compliance of the application of research methods with the tasks of the qualification work and the usefulness of the research results to achieve the set goal, as well as to provide recommendations on the application of descriptive and inferential statistics in the development of qualification work.
LATVIA’S POSSIBILITIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AFTER 2023
Authors: Šumska Vēsma
Published: January 2023

The Common agricultural policy applies to all countries of the European Union. Its mission is to support farmers and improve agricultural productivity, ensure a quality food supply, enable European Union farmers to earn a decent living, prevent climate change and manage natural resources sustainably, preserve the countryside and landscape, keep the rural economy alive, promote agricultural work, create value-added products. The geopolitical situation, climate change, energy shortages, rising prices make us think about how to provide farmers with the necessary means of production and the population with food, prevent climate change and address the Common Agricultural Policy in the next programming period from 2023 to 2027.
Features of the development of an adaptive antiviral immune response
Authors: Moskalev Alexander V. , Gumilevsky Boris Yu. , Apchel Andrey V. , Tsygan Vasiliy N.
Published: January 2023

Both well-known basic cellular and humoral factors of the adaptive antiviral immune response, which play an important role in the effectiveness of immunological reactions to inhibit viral infections, and new factors with which the efficiency of the functioning of cellular and humoral mechanisms of a specific immune response is associated are considered. This is, first of all, the presence of naive T-lymphocytes in the macroorganism, programmed to recognize a specific viral antigen. In addition, this is facilitated by various receptor specificities of T-lymphocytes, of which there are more than 20 million. The diversity of receptor structures was believed to be associated with the functioning of genes that activate recombinase. The development of antiviral cell-mediated mechanisms depends on interleukins 12, interferon-, and the transcriptional activator T-bet. An imbalance in the ratio of T-helper cell types 1 and 2 can lead to memory cell damage. Th-17 plays a central role in controlling the immune response to viral infection. The balance between activated cytotoxic CD-8+/T-helper cells and T-regulatory lymphocytes determines the risk of immunopathology. An excess of effector cells leads to immune-mediated damage, a lack of chronicity of a viral infection. One of the controlling mechanisms that ensure minimal damage to cells and tissues is the assembly of a cytoplasmic protein complex in antigen-presenting cellsinflammasomes. The intensity of inflammatory processes depends on whether the virus is cytopathic. The effectiveness of the humoral immune response is also attributed to the fact that one plasma cell can secrete more than 2,000 antibody molecules per second. One of the powerful properties of the adaptive antiviral immune response is the development of immunological memory by different types of memory T cells. To date, at least three subpopulations of memory T cells with different activation requirements have been identified. Thus, determining how each of these types of memory T-lymphocytes contributes to the long-term antiviral protection of the macroorganism is an urgent task.