bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION OF COMMUTATION PROCESSES OF MULTI-LEVEL VOLTAGE INVERTER SWITCHES
Authors: Mirgorodskaya Ekaterina E. , Kolchev Vadim A. , Mamonychev Mikhail E. , Mityashin Nikita P. , Shcherbakova Anastasia S.
Published: September 2021

An algorithm for controlling of commutator’s transistors of a single-phase multi-level voltage inverter is presented. The structure of the power circuit of the considered converter, in contrast to most existing circuits, does not depend on the levels number of the output curve due to the using of an universal source of levels, which are formed by output capacitors of two pulsed DC-converters. The commutator control algorithm ensures the formation of the required output curve of the inverter and excludes the occurrence of emergency situations during level commutating. Features of the converter and commutator operation in modes of active power transmission from pulse converters to the load and perception of the reactive power of the inverter load by them are considered.
The commutator operation algorithm determines the sequence of control pulses, applied to the base of transistors, the sequence being synchronized with the process of the output voltage curve forming, as well as the direction of the inverter input current. At the same time, features of the level commutating are considered. They differ in the transition direction in value of level voltages: «up» from a lower value to a higher one and «down» from a higher value to a lower one. The sequence of supply and removal of pulses from control electrodes of switches and commutations caused by them, when the inverter input current is positive, are given. The similar commutating of levels is realized, when the inverter input current is negative. Wherein indexes of switches are rearranged in accordance with the direction replacement of their switching of the commutator circuit.
A commutator model is realized using Micro-Cap 12 to demonstrate the operation of the algorithm. The transistor MJ15003 model is used as a commutator’s switch. In the model, output capacitors of pulse converters are represented by voltage sources, an autonomous inverter – by an active inductive load. The commutating from a higher voltage level to a lower one with a positive input current of the inverter is considered as an example. Simulation results confirm the performance of the algorithm.
HIGHER HISTORICAL EDUCATION IN CHUVASHIA (1967–1991): TO THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
Authors: Knyazeva Natalya V.
Published: September 2021

Modern development of the state in general and the educational system in particular is largely predetermined by the events of the past, which inevitably become part of history. In the context of historical education modernization, which took place in the country at the beginning of the 21st century, it is necessary to study more deeply the existing experience of creating specialized faculties and teaching history on their basis within higher educational institutions. Historical education in the territory of Chuvashia began to be implemented in the 1930. In the period from 1930 to 1967, the Chuvash State Pedagogical Institute was engaged in the formation of professional historical personnel. From 1967, a new stage in the development of higher historical education of the republic begins, associated with the opening of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University (I.N. Ulianov ChuvSU). The Faculty of History and Philology (FHP) began working in the structure of the classical university. It consisted of five departments: general history, the history of the USSR, the Chuvash language and literature, the Russian language, Russian and foreign literature, which were headed by leading scientists of the republic. From 1990, changes took place in the history of higher historical education in Chuvashia. This is due to the division of the FHP into three independent faculties, among which the historical one was singled out. During the same period, restructuring of I.N. Ulianov ChuvSU was underway, as a result of which in 1990, in addition to the departments of national history and general history, a new department of archeology, ethnography and regional history began to function at the faculty. During the period of activity of the Faculty of History and Philology, it was headed by well-known scientists, organizers of education: Candidate of Philological Sciences V.Ya. Kanukov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.F. Kakhovsky, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor M.M. Mikhailov, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor I.A. Andreev. The Soviet period in the formation and development of higher historical education, associated with the opening of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, laid the mainstays for training personnel in subsequent periods.
INTERACTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD FAIR WITH THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN SOLVING CUSTOMS POLICY ISSUES IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD OF THE 19th CENTURY
Authors: Lednev Alexander P.
Published: September 2021

The present article examines interaction between public administration bodies of Nizhny Novgorod Fair and the state authorities in solving customs policy issues in the post-reform period of the 19th century It was the public administration bodies, whose functions included planning measures to improve the quality of trade and petitioning the government about the needs of domestic industry and trade, that influenced implementation of domestic and foreign state policy. The fair public administration, taking into account the importance that the Nizhny Novgorod Fair had in domestic and foreign trade, was the center of unification of all Russian merchants.

Since the mid-1880s, public administration bodies, in particular the fair committee, formed in 1864, whose powers gradually grew, began to exercise representative functions on the issues of domestic trade and industry development. In particular, with direct involvement of the public fair management bodies in the 1880s, a large range of issues was discussed; these issues related to: the transit of foreign goods through the Transcaucasian Territory, which existed for several decades and caused significant damage to the production of Russian manufactory; sales markets in the Central Asia, Persia and the Far East; transformations of the entire customs system in Russia and changes in existing customs tariffs with the direct participation of the commercial and industrial estate representatives. As a result, a number of measures in the state customs policy carried out by the state authorities ultimately contributed to the development, expansion and strengthening the positions of domestic industrial production and trade.

Public administration bodies, including the fair committee, became especially active in the 1890s. It is during this period that the authority of the fair management increases. And the fair committee itself began to express the interests of the commercial and industrial estate of whole Russia.
RESIDENTS OF KOSTROMA REGION ON UNBROKEN VIRGIN SOIL IN 1954–1964
Authors: Belov Andrey M. , Rybin Andrey A.
Published: September 2021

The virgin land campaign of 1954–1964 became a bright page in the national history and an example of the labor heroism of Soviet citizens. Its results were contradictory. On the one hand, in the difficult post-war years, the state managed to temporarily relieve food tension; on the other hand, plowing of large land plots in the east of the country resulted in an environmental disaster, which subsequently caused a new food crisis in the USSR, which led to grain purchases abroad. The lessons of the virgin epic are relevant today. In today’s rapidly changing world, the state must provide its citizens with food security, besides, Russia has a great agricultural potential. One of the main tasks of the Soviet state at the time of the new lands development was the task of providing qualified workers to the developed areas in order to get crops in a short time. Many regions of the country, under the draft of the Communist Party, were to send volunteers to empty lands. Residents of Kostroma region and other regions of the Soviet Union took an active part in the virgin land campaign and contributed to the development of the country’s agricultural sector. The study of archival materials, memoirs of campaign participants, periodicals makes it possible to establish what role the residents of Kostroma region played in implementing the virgin land campaign. The article contains excerpts from the participants’ memoirs about the course of the campaign, the working process and examines the results of the work carried out by Kostroma people on the virgin land. This information throws new light on the problem under study and gives us an opportunity to look at the events of the past years from another aspect.
KERANGKA PERLAKSANAAN TEATER FORUM SEBAGAI MEDIUM LUAHAN EMOSI REMAJA MELAYU SECARA TERKAWAL DAN SELAMAT
Authors: HUSSIN ANDIKA AZIZ
Published: September 2021

Teater Forum adalah sejenis terapi sosial di mana penonton tidak hanya menonton permainan tetapi juga digalakkan untuk mengambil bahagian dan memberikan idea-idea dan penyelesaian kepada masalah. Teater Forum boleh memberi peluang kepada remaja untuk bercakap untuk diri mereka sendiri, menyuarakan emosi dan perasaan mereka dengan cara yang betul dan selamat dan pada masa yang sama memberi alternatif dan penyelesaian kepada masalah mereka. Teater Forum telah berjaya dilakukan di negara-negara Eropah di bawah nama `Power Play’,`Therapy Play’, `Theatre of Revolution’ dan ‘Teater Forum untuk Perubahan Sosial’. Untuk mengesahkan keberkesanan pendekatan yang disesuaikan, bengkel bersama remaja bermasalah di dua pusat pemulihan dikenali sebagai Sekolah Tunas Bakti (STB) telah dijalankan. Dapatan daripada kedua-dua bengkel telah dikaji dan dianalisis dan diikuti dengan pendekatan yang sesuai untuk konteks Malaysia. Hasilnya akan menyediakan model bagi rakyat Malaysia yang berminat untuk mengaplikasi teknik pada masa depan.

 

Forum Theater is a kind of social therapy where people are not just watching the game, but are also encouraged to participate in the game and provide ideas and solutions to the problems. Forum Theater can provide the opportunity for the adolescents to speak for themselves, voice their emotions and feelings in a proper and safe way, and at the same time give alternatives and solutions to their problems. Forum Theater has been successfully perfomed in European countries under the names of ‘Power Play’, ‘Theatre of Revolution’ and ‘Theatre for Social Change’. To implement the approach in Malaysia, some modifi cations and adjustments were made by adapting several other therapeutic approaches such as Psychodrama and Playback Theatre. To verify the eff ectiveness of the adopted approach, workshops with the troubled adolscents in two rehabilitation centres known as Tunas Bakti Schools (STB) were conducted. Results from these two workshops were studied and analyzed, and a new adapted approach appropriate for the Malaysian context has been constructed. The outcome will provide a model for Malaysians who are interested in applying the technique in future.
PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA KE ARAH MEMARTABATKAN CERITA RAKYAT MASYARAKAT MELAYU
Authors: CHE YAACOB MOHD FIRDAUS , ABDILLAH NASIRIN
Published: September 2021

Kajian membuktikan bahawa cerita rakyat yang terdapat di Malaysia sesuai dijadikan bahan bacaan untuk masyarakat Melayu. Berbicara tentang seni budaya berfi kir dan akal budi masyarakat Melayu dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah merupakan medium yang paling berkesan yang diperoleh menerusi cerita rakyat yang dikarang menerusi bahan bacaan hingga kini. Lantaran kepesatan dan pemodenan di Malaysia, bidang teknologi memainkan peranan penting dalam memperkasakan dan membawa cerita rakyat di peringkat yang lebih tinggi dengan adanya pendokumentasian cerita rakyat menerusi platform multimedia yang pelbagai. Namun, cerita rakyat boleh membentuk budaya berfikir dan akal budi masyarakat Melayu dalam menyelesaikan masalah dan teknologi menyampaikan mesej yang berkesandalam membentuk jati diri Melayu yang sempurna.
 
The study proves that the folklore found in Malaysia is suitable as a reading material for the Malaycommunity. Talking about the artistic culture of thinking and the mind of the Malay community in solving a problem is the most effective medium to be gained through the folklore authored through the reading material to date. Due to the rapidity and modernization of Malaysia, the technology field plays an important role in empowering and bringing folklore at a higher level with the existence of documentary folklore through diverse multimedia designs. However, folklore can shape the culture of thinking and the mind of the Malay community in solving the problems and technology delivers effective messages in forming a perfect Malay identity.
A STUDY OF HAZARD FACED BY MALAYSIAN STUDENTS AT THE SCHOOL CANTEEN
Authors: HAMZAH NOOR ADILAH , ISMAIL AHMAD RASDAN , CHE HASSAN NURUL HUSNA , MAKHTAR NOR KAMILAH
Published: September 2021

Artikel ini memberi tumpuan untuk menilai bahaya di kantin sekolah-sekolah Kelantan, Malaysia. Kajian inidijalankan untuk menilai kantin sekolah di 111 buah sekolah yang terpilih di negeri Kelantan, yang terletakdi Pantai Timur Malaysia. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan garis panduan HIRARC 2008 seperti yang telahdisediakan oleh Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Malaysia. Data kajian menunjukkanbeberapa bahaya yang wujud di kantin iaitu hazad fi zikal, kelemahan pengemasan dan hazad biologi.Bahaya ini boleh menyumbang kepada keadaan yang tidak selamat dan makanan tidak sihat. Oleh itu,penemuan keseluruhan menunjukkan bahawa hasil peratusan sekolah yang terdedah kepada kelemahanpengemasan adalah yang tertinggi. Tetapi, penilaian risiko untuk kelemahan pengemasan dan bahayafi zikal tergolong sebagai risiko sederhana. Sementara itu, bahaya biologi menunjukkan tahap risiko yanglebih tinggi yang terdedahkan oleh pelajar dan penghuni kantin. Kesan hazad biologi boleh menyebabkanrisiko kesihatan seperti keracunan makanan dan cirit-birit. Sebagai kesimpulan, Keselamatan dan kesihatanboleh dilindungi jika kantin dan pengurusan sekolah sentiasa memantau dan memenuhi piawaian. Olehitu, pengurusan perlu meningkatkan dan meningkatkan kesedaran keselamatan kantin untuk memastikankeselamatan dan kesihatan semua penghuni.
This article is attentional to highlight the outcome of the hazards assessment at Malaysian schools canteenin Kelantan. This study was conducted to evaluate school canteen for 111 schools namely in Kelantanstate which located at East Coast of Malaysia. The data were collected based on the HIRARC guideline2008 as provided by Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia. As the result, hazardsfound in canteen namely as physical hazards, poor housekeeping and biological hazards. These hazardsmay contribute to the unsafe condition and unhealthy food. Thus, the overall fi nding shows that the resultthe percentage of school exposed to poor housekeeping was the highest. But, the risk evaluation for thepoor housekeeping and physical hazards labelled as medium risk. Meanwhile, biological hazards indicatethe higher level of risk that exposed by the student. It may lead to health risks such as food poisoningand diarrhoea. As a conclusion, safety and health should be protected by canteen operators and schoolmanagement to ensure it is meet the standards. Therefore, school management needs to improve andincrease canteens safety awareness to ensure the safety and health of all residents.
PEMULIHARAAN STRUKTUR KAYU BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH: MADRASAH IDRISIAH, KUALA KANGSAR, PERAK
Authors: HARUN SITI NORLIZAIHA , MUHAMMAD AFZANIZAM , BAHARUDDIN NUR FAISAL
Published: September 2021

Madrasah Idrisiah merupakan sekolah agama DiRaja yang pertama di negeri Perak, dibina pada1917. Bangunan utama adalah struktur kayu 2 tingkat dan telah berusia hampir 100 tahun. Pada tahun 2017, melalui peruntukan Jabatan Warisan Negara Malaysia (JWN), bangunan utama MadrasahIdrisiah telah terlibat dengan kerja-kerja pemuliharaan bangunan. Bangunan ini mengalami kecacatan struktur kayu seperti pereputan kayu disebabkan masalah kelembapan, serangan serangga,serangan kulat dan kaedah baik pulih yang tidak sesuai. Pemuliharaan struktur kayu melibatkan baikpulih tiang, rasuk, gelegar dan struktur bumbung. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan informasi berkaitan sifat kayu dan kesesuaian jenis kayu untuk kerja-kerja pembinaan. Bagi kajian kes Madrasah Idrisiah, dibentangkan kaedah dan tatacara kerja pemuliharaan yang melibatkan struktur kayu utama iaitu tiang dan rasuk. Kaedah pemuliharaan yang dicadangkan adalah gangguan paling minimadan bertujuan untuk mengukuhkan struktur kayu sedia ada. Kaedah yang dicadangkan adalah berpandukan garis panduan kerja-kerja pemuliharaan bangunan bersejarah Jabatan Warisan Negara
 
Madrasah Idrisiah, the fi rst royal religious school in Perak and was built in 1917. The main building is a2-storey wooden structure and nearly 100 years old. In 2017, with the allocation budget from the NationalHeritage Department of Malaysia, the main building of the Madrasah Idrisiah is being in the conserving worked. The building has a wooden structure defect such as deteriorating structure due to moistureproblems, insect attack, fungal attack, and improper repair works. The conservation of timber structuresinvolved the repair of beams, columns, shafts and roof structures. This paper presents the methods andprocedures for conservation works of the main timber structures. The proposed conservation method isthe minimal intervention and the main aims are to strengthen the existing timber structures. The proposedconservation methods based on historic building conservation guideline by National Heritage Department.
KESAN CERITA RAKYAT MASYARAKAT ORANG ASLI TEMIAR GUA MUSANG, KELANTAN: SATU PENELITIAN TEORI KONSEPTUAL KATA KUNCI
Authors: BIN ISMAIL MOHD FAHMI , YAACOB MOHD FIRDAUS
Published: September 2021

Masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang tinggal dalam hutan, terpinggir danketinggalan dari segi arus kemodenan. Namun demikian tidak dapat di nafi kan bahawa masyarakat inisebenarnya kaya dengan nilai budaya, sastera rakyat dan falsafah pemikiran tinggi. Kepelbagaian nilaibudaya telah lama wujud dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar. Nilai budaya ini yang dilahirkanoleh nenek moyang menjadi lambang jati diri dan menjadi kebanggaan masyarakat ini. Sehingga kini dansepanjang yang diketahui, belum ada lagi dikaji secara sistematik oleh pengkaji. Hal ini, dengan sendirinyamewujudkan ruang ilmiah yang menuntut kepada satu pengkajian ilmiah yang khusus terhadap ceritarakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar. Justeru, kajian ini berhasrat untuk mengisi ruang tersebut denganmeneliti cerita rakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar di Gua Musang, Kelantan. Objektif kajian ialah untukmenilai kesan yang tersirat dalam cerita rakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar. Sehubungan itu, kajian inimenggunakan kaedah kajian lapangan. Selanjutnya, kajian ini akan menerapkan Teori Konseptual KataKunci yang dikemukakan oleh (Mokhtar Hassan (2005) sebagai gagasan untuk memperkukuhkan kajianini. Sementara itu, kemantapan nilai budaya dan pengamalan nilai budaya dalam kehidupan seharianmelahirkan kesan-kesan tersirat dan tersirat kepada masyarakat komuniti ini. Kesimpulannya, ceritarakyat masyarakat Orang Asli Temiar, di Gua Musang, Kelantan, merupakan satu tinggalan warisan dankhazanah yeng berharg
 
Temiar indigenous people are a community are comunity of people living in the jugngle, marginalized andlangging in term of modernity country. There it can not be denied that this society is actually rich in diversecultures, fokstales and very high philosophy of thought. However, rapid development and modernity hasled to an increase in marginalized folklore Therefore open an empty space in scientifi c research whichrequired a specifi c research. This study aims to fi ll the empty space by examine the folktales of TemiarIndigenous community in Gua Musang, Kelantan. This study focused on three main objectives. First wasto show eff ect the folktales of Temiar Indigenous community in Gua Musang, Kelantan. Concomitantly, thisstudy used literature research and fi eld research. Furthermore, this study will apply the Sastera Warisantheory by Theory of Conceptual Keyword introduced by Mohamad Mokhtar Hassan in 2005 as the notionto strengthen this study. The realibility of cultural values hold by the Temiar Indigenous community and thepracticing of it in daily life infl uencing the Temiar Indigenous individually and collectively as community. Asconclusion, the folktales of Temiar Indigenous community can be said as manifestation of life, customsand beliefs, and sign of their identity.
INOVASI PENGHASILAN PATUNG WAYANG KULIT KELANTAN BERASASKAN POKOK KENAF: SATU KAJIAN KES
Authors: RAMLI SHARULNIZAM , ISA MOHD ASWAWI , Muhammad Shaipuddin , Ariffin Md Ariff
Published: September 2021

Kajian kes ini bertujuan bagi memperkenalkan suatu bahan berasaskan pokok tumbuhan yang belumpernah digunakan sebelum ini bagi menghasilkan patung wayang kulit Kelantan. Menerusi proses kreatifyang berlaku, kenaf atau nama saintifknya Hisbiscus Canabis telah digunakan dan seterusnya diprosesbermula daripada sejumlah debu pokok kenaf yang digaul dengan air sehinggalah kepada proses akhiriaitu menghasilkan patung wayang kulit Kelantan. Ia merupakan patung wayang kulit yang berasaskanpokok kenaf yang pertama di Malaysia. Pemerhatian dan temubual tidak berstruktur merupakan antarainstrumen utama dalam kajian ini selain daripada pengkaji sendiri sebagai instrumen dengan membina‘rapoot’ bersama penggiat seni ini ketika berada di lapangan kajian. Proses penghasilan patung wayangkulit yang berlaku sangat penting dalam analisis kepada dapatan kajian ini. Lima unsur penting telahdikenalpasti sebagai pencetus kepada inovasi ini. Penghasilan patung wayang kulit Kelantan berasaskankenaf tidak bermakna dapatan kajian ini telah menolak penggunaan kulit binatang secara total. Iamerupakan satu alternatif atau pilihan berbeza selain daripada menghasilkan patung wayang kulitberasaskan kulit binatang. Pembaharuan ini dilihat berupaya mengekalkan populariti seni teater warisanbangsa ini agar kekal relevan dan tidak dipinggirkan oleh golongan muda.
Research on this case study aimed at introducing a plant-based plant that has not been used previouslyto produce Kelantan puppets. Through its creative process, kenaf or its scientific name Hibiscus Cannabishas been used and subsequently processed from the amount of kenaf tree dust mixed with water tothe final method of producing Kelantan puppets. It is a wayang kulit puppet based on the first kenaftree in Malaysia. An instrument of observations and unstructured interviews were used in this researchaside from the researchers as an actor in building rapport with the art enthusiasts during fieldwork. Theprocess of producing wayang kulit puppet is very important in the analysis of the findings of this study.Five important elements have been identified which triggered this innovation process. The productionof Kelantan puppets based on kenaf provides an alternative to the making Wayang Kulit puppet. Thesereforms help to maintain the popularity of the heritage of art theatre to remain relevant and not marginalizedby the young
READY-MADE: THE PRESENTATION OF ART IN THE CONTEXTS OF METAPHORS AND PSYCHOLOGY IN ARTWORKS
Authors: RAZI SUHAIDI , MAPPON AZHARUDIN , BADARUDDIN MOHD IQBAL , ZULKORNAIN LUQMANUL HAKIM , NIK HARUN NIK ASHRI
Published: September 2021

Penyelidikan ini merangkumi pemahaman metafora melalui perkaitan objek perwakilan dengan seni untuk meningkatkan nilai dan estetika dalam memahami karya seni. Karya seni dapat didefinisikan dalam dua bentuk format iaitu representasi dan bukan representasi. Kedua-dua bentuk format ini menekankan modenisme. Penyelidikan ini membincangkan objek yang dijumpai mewakili kiasan 'kepercayaan' serta memiliki ciptaan seni sambil mencerminkan sejarah, fungsi dan dikontekstualisasikan dalam Karya Seni 2D. Konsep siap pakai diperkenalkan pada tahun 1917 ketika Marcel Duchamp memperkenalkan idea untuk menjelaskan kemampuan sifat fizikal, refleksi psikologi, dan adanya ideologi untuk meniru simbol, dan metafora sebagai akar dalam paradigma baru dalam praktik konseptual. Bahanbahan 'berbicara' dengan sendirinya dalam mewakili 'realisme' sebagai keputusan untuk memperkuat persepsi objektiviti dan mempersoalkan tradisi praktik perwakilan di era modernisme. Kualiti idea ini membawa kepada pengabstrakan dan pemahaman yang kompleks tentang bahasa dan komunikasi seni. Penyelidikan ini menerangkan dua metodologi dalam merujuk objek dan subjek dalam seni visual. Metodologi ini metafora dalam pendekatan semiotik dan psikoanalitik dalam perspektif. Dalam semiologi, metafora melibatkan dan memerlukan satu cara penting iaitu 'penanda' di mana ia merujuk kepada subjek utama (literal) dan juga dinyatakan dalam subjek sekunder (kiasan).
 
This research covers the understanding of metaphor through the association of representational objects to art to enhance the value and aesthetic in understanding artworks. Artwork can be defined in two forms of format which are representational and non-representational. These two forms of format emphasise modernism. This research discusses the found objects which represent the metaphor of ‘belief’ as well as possess artistic creation while reflecting history, functionality and being contextualised in 2D Artworks. The concept of ready-made was introduced in 1917 when Marcel Duchamp introduced the idea of explaining the capability of physical properties, psychological reflection, and the existence of ideology to imitate symbol, and metaphor as a root in the new paradigm in conceptual practises. The materials ‘speak’ by itself in representing ‘realism’ as a decision to reinforce perception of objectivity and questioning the tradition of representational practice in the era of modernism. This quality of ideas leads to abstraction and complex understanding of the language and the communication of art. This research explains two methodologies in referring to objects and subjects in visual art. These methodologies are metaphor in semiotic approach and psychoanalytic in perspective. In semiology, metaphor involves and needs one mode of significance which is the ‘signifier’ in which it refers to the primary subject (literal) and also expressed in the secondary subject (figurative).
THE ADVANTAGES OF SCAN-TO-BIM IN DOCUMENTING CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: MD. SHARIF HARLINA , HAZUMI HAZMAN , HISHAMUDDIN IMAN ASILAH
Published: September 2021

Pemuliharaan warisan budaya adalah proses kompleks yang memerlukan kaedah dan teknik yang inovatif untuk memudahkan pemulihan, pengurusan dan penentuan nilai. Dokumentasi aset warisan yang tepat sangat penting dalam memastikan bahawa sebarang perubahan, pembaikan, penambahan atau perobohan bahagian aset dicatat dengan betul untuk mengekalkan kesahihan aset. Tujuan kajian ini adalah memperlihatkan kelebihan aplikasi imbasan-ke-BIM dalam mendokumenkan aset warisan budaya di Malaysia sebagai prosedur kritikal dalam langkah-langkah untuk memelihara aset tersebut. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah mod campuran. Data utama diperoleh daripada penggunaan pengimbas laser 3D (3DTLS) pada peringkat peninjauan di bangunan Gedung Raja Abdullah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Kajian ini menganalisis kelebihan imbasan-ke-BIM untuk menentukan kaedah amalan terbaik dalam mendokumenkan bangunan-bangunan bersejarah dan menguruskan aset warisan budaya. Hasil daripada kajian ini menunjukkan kepelbagaian data yang dikumpul melalui imbasan-ke-BIM yang membolehkan mereka dimanipulasi ke dalam bentuk yang berbeza, yang kemudiannya boleh digunakan untuk pelbagai tujuan.

 

Cultural heritage conservation is a complex process requiring innovative methods and techniques to facilitate its restoration, management and valorization. Accurate documentation of heritage assets is crucial in ensuring that any changes, repair, addition or demolition of parts of the assets are properly recorded to maintain the authenticity of the assets. The aim of this study is to establish the advantages of scan-to-BIM application in documenting cultural heritage assets in Malaysia as a critical procedure in the steps to conserve the asset. The methodology adopted in this study is mixed mode. Primary data is acquired from the use of 3D laser scanner (3DTLS) at reconnaissance stage on Gedung Raja Abdullah building, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. This study analyses the Scan-to-BIM advantages in order to ascertain the best practice method in documenting historical buildings and managing cultural heritage assets. The output from this study demonstrates the versatility of data collected through Scan-to-BIM that allows them to be manipulated into different forms, which subsequently can be used for various purposes.
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS OF USER EXPERIENCE (UX): A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: ABDUL GHANI MOHAMAD SHAHFIK AFENDI , WAN SHAMSUDDIN SYADIAH NOR
Published: September 2021

Kefahaman berkenaan konsep pengalaman pengguna (UX) adalah berbeza bagi setiap individu bergantung kepada latar belakang seseorang dan daripada industri mana mereka dikaitkan. ia juga dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang dan minat pengkaji itu sendiri. Kepelbagaian versi berkenaan konsep UX ini akan mengelirukan pembaca yang kurang berpengalaman. Selain itu, sehingga kini sesetengah pengkaji bersetuju bahawa UX dan Kebolehgunaan (Usability) tidak mempunyai perbezaan asas yang jelas terutamanya dalam kaedah pengukurannya. Oleh yang demikian, tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan mendedahkan definisi dan konsep UX secara komprehensif. Penulisan ini bermula dengan mengenalpasti elemen-elemen UX yang ditemui di dalam penulisan kajian-kajian terdahulu dan seterusnya mengetengahkan perbezaan di antara konsep UX dan Kebolehgunaan (Usability). Berdasarkan kajian literatur, penulisan ini mencadangkan bahawa pengukuran UX boleh dibuat berdasarkan elemen-elemen UX seperti Kebolehgunaan (Usability), Nilai (Value) dan Relevan, Kebolehcapaian (Accessibility), Kemudah gunaan (Ease of Use), Kualiti Hedonic dan Pragmatic, dan Daya Tarikan/ Estetik. Kesimpulannya, UX merupakan lanjutan daripada konsep Kebolehgunaan (Usability) yang melangkaui Keberkesanan (Effectiveness), Kecekapan (Efficiency) dan Kepuasan (Satisfaction). Oleh yang demikian, UX adalah sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan persepsi manusia yang mana bertindak balas terhadap produk, sistem atau servis apabila pengguna mengambil bahagian atau menggunakannya.

 

Different people have different understandings of the User Experience (UX) concepts depending on the background of the people and from which industries they are associated to. It is also influenced by the background and interest of the researchers itself. This various versions of UX concept could confuse naïve readers. Moreover, some researchers also agreed that there is vague differences between UX and Usability particularly in their method of measurements.. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate and synthesis on the definition and concepts of UX comprehensively. This paper begins with the identification of the commonly mentioned elements of UX elements in the published research papers and then followed by the differences between the concepts of UX and Usability.. Based on the literature investigation this paper proposes that UX evaluation should consider the UX elements that include Usability, Value and Relevance, Accessibility, Ease of use, Hedonic and Pragmatic Quality, and Visual attractiveness/ Aesthetic. In additional, UX aspect is an extension to the usability concept which is beyond the Effectiveness, Efficiency and Satisfaction. As a conclusion, UX is something to do with human perceptions which responses towards the product, system or service when they have participated with or used it.
KONFLIK DALAM LEGENDA PUTERI SAADONG
Authors: KIFFLI SUDIRMAN , HAMADUN FAIRULADILAN , ARIFFIN MD ARIFF , HAMID HIDAYAT
Published: September 2021

Legenda Puteri Saadong (LPS) adalah salah sebuah kisah legenda masyarakat di negeri Kelantan. LPS mengandungi pelbagai elemen konflik yang terkandung di dalamnya. Konflik-konflik berkenaan menjadikan LPS sebagai sebuah kisah yang semakin banyak mendapat perhatian dalam kalangan sarjana. Oleh itu, perbincangan dalam penulisan ini memfokus kepada elemen konflik yang berlaku di dalam LPS dengan merujuk kepada peristiwa-peristiwa penting yang terdapat di dalam pengkisahannya. Penelitian elemen konflik dalam penulisan ini berfokus kepada pendekatan konflik yang berpandukan kepada pendekatan John W. Burton (1969). Berdasarkan pendekatan ini, terdapat tiga elemen yang boleh membantu dalam mengenalpasti konflik yang terdapat di dalam LPS iaitu, keperluan (needs), nilai (values) dan keinginan (interests).

 

The Legend of Puteri Saadong (LPS) is one of the folklore stories of Kelantan. The LPS contains many elements of the conflict. These conflicts have made LPS an increasingly popular legend among scholars. Therefore, the discussion in this paper will focus on the elements of conflict occurring within the LPS with reference to the key events in its story. The study of the elements of conflict in this paper focuses on the approach of conflict based on John W. Burton's (1969) approach. Based on this approach, there are three elements that can help to identify the conflict within LPS namely as needs, values and interests.
KESINAMBUNGAN KOMUNITI: ADAKAH GLOBALISASI MEMPENGARUHI KEKENTALAN BUDAYA DI KAMPUNG LAUT?
Authors: ABDULLAH AZLI , WAHID JULAIHI , KHAIRUDDIN RIZAL , IBRAHIM ISMI
Published: September 2021

Komuniti desa mempunyai karekteristik yang unik. Ianya amat berlainan jika dibandingkan dengan kehidupan di bandar. Kesan dari Revolusi Perindustrian, kehidupan desa juga mengalami perubahannya. Arus globalisasi yang melanda seluruh masyarakat dunia menjadikan elemen budaya dan komuniti tradisi semakin rapuh. Dalam masa sama, kesedaran mengenai alam bina komuniti tradisi terhadap aspek seni bina yang wujud dalam kehidupan masyarakat tradisi amat berkurangan terutamanya bagi para arkitek dan perancang. Kajian terhadap impak globalisasi yang wujud terhadap penempatan tradisi juga sering dilupakan. Dalam masa yang sama, kesan globalisasi yang memberi ancaman terhadap kebudayaan yang wujud sekian lama akan menghakis kekentalan budaya. Satu analisis visual terhadap penempatan tradisi di Kampung Laut, Tumpat, Kelantan telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji aspek budaya yang masih wujud dan kesan globalisasi terhadap komuniti. Perbahasan teori yang digunakan akan menjelaskan hubungan budaya dan alam bina komuniti dalam menghadapi dunia globalisasi.

 

The traditional community has its own unique characteristics. It is vastly different in comparison to city life. Before the Industrial Revolution, village life was also gradually changing. The current stream of globalization that has engulfed the entire world has made the cultural and community lost its traditional elements. Thus, the awareness of the traditional community's architectural values inherently in the life of the traditional community is greatly diminished, specifically for architects and planners. Studies on the impact of globalization on traditional settlements are often overlooked. Hence, the effects of globalization that threatens existing cultures will erode and subsequently eradicate cultural resilience. A visual analysis of traditional settlements in Kampung Laut, Tumpat, Kelantan was conducted to study aspects of the existing culture and to further analyze as to how much of an impact does globalization have on the community. The theory used will explain the cultural and built-environment relationships of communities in the face of globalization.
Obstrucción intestinal maligna asociada a cáncer ginecológico. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Freytez Johatson , García Viviana , Di Ruggiero Franco Calderaro , Lara Velásquez Ernesto
Published: September 2021

La obstrucción intestinal maligna (OIM) asociada a cáncer ginecológico, es un cuadro clínico que acarrea gran morbilidad y mortalidad. El tratamiento conservador es la piedra angular en la OIM cuando no se sospechan signos clínicos de perforación o isquemia. La terapia multimodal es la base del tratamiento y consiste en la administración de forma combinada de glucocorticoides, opioides, antieméticos e inclusive fármacos antisecretores, que logran un control de los síntomas.
Citología con atipias de células escamosas
Authors: González Blanco Mireya , Ozal Norma
Published: September 2021

La categoría citológica de atipias de células escamosas de significado incierto fue introducida en 1988 como parte del Sistema Bethesda. El diagnóstico descriptivo debería ser: células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, acompañado de la recomendación de seguimiento y/o tipo de investigación subsiguiente. El concepto de casos equívocos no era nuevo, y esta categoría reemplazaba los diagnósticos de clase III de Papanicolaou. El Sistema Bethesda fue revisado en 1991, para proporcionar criterios precisos para los términos de diagnóstico y resolver dificultades en su aplicación.
Tratamiento de las lesiones preinvasoras de cuello uterino ¿Qué dice la medicina basada en la evidencia?
Authors: Belandria Suárez Elizabeth , Calderaro Di Ruggiero Franco , Freytez Johatson , García Viviana , Escalona Bonilla Sunangela
Published: September 2021

Las lesiones preinvasoras del cuello uterino, constituyen un conjunto de lesiones proliferativas caracterizadas por anomalías en la diferenciación citológica e histológica, maduración y estratificación del epitelio escamoso o columnar del cervix, las cuales son conocidas por ser precursoras del cáncer de cuello uterino. La detección de las mismas, la vigilancia y el tratamiento oportuno, son fundamentales en la prevención del cáncer.
PERSEPSI KESANTUNAN DIREKTIF BAHASA INDONESIA MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA FKIP UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTABUMI
Authors: Masitoh Masitoh
Published: September 2021

One of the function of language is a communication tool. The form of the respect and appreciation of the person to others when communicating is to use polite and courteous language. Therefore, in this research article, the problem that would be discussed was “The Perceptions of  Directive Politeness in Indonesian language for the students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program”. The purpose of this research was to describe the directive politeness in Indonesian language for the students of Indonesian Language  and Literature Education Study Program. The quantitative descriptive method was applied in this research by describing the frequency of the politenes in Indonesian language for the students of  Indonesian language and literature education study program. Furthermore, it was describe the differences perception of the politeness for the students of Indonesian language and literature of education who in Lampung ethnic and Javanese ethnic: between male students of  Lampung and Javanese ethnicity, between female students of Lampung and Javanese ethnicity as it is. The questionnaire was applied in this research to get the data on the directives politeness in Indonesian language.The questionnaire contains a context that consisting of 20 questions followed by nine multiple choices of directive speech act from impolite, less polite to polite.  The nine sequences of  directive speech acts are: A. Imperative sentence/Kalimat Imperatif (KI), B. Explicit Performative Sentence/Kalimat Performative Eksplisit (KPE), C. Gated Performative Sentence/Kalimat Performative Berpagar (KPB), D.Statement of Desire/Pernyataan Keinginan (PI), F. Formulation of Suggestions/Rumusan Saran (RS), G. Preparation of Questions/Persiapan Pertanyaan (PP), H. Strong Signals/Isyarat Kuat (IK), and I. Soft Signs/ Isyarat Halus (IH). The result of the research was there were significant differences and similarities in the perception of the Indonesian Language in directive politeness of  Lampung  and Javanese ethnic students. The differences perception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of  Lampung  and Javanese ethnic students were in the statement A, B, D, F, G, H, and I; the similarity perception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of Lampung and Javanese etchnic students were in statements C and E. This differences could occur because of the cultural differences. There was a similarity in the preception of directive politeness in Indonesian language of Lampung and Javanese ethnic students because the two languages have the same level in language.
LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 2B AS A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF REFRACTORY POLYMYOSITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Jucier , Carlos de Souza Fernando Henrique , Miossi Renta , Teixeira Bicalho Maria Eugênia , Katsuyuki Shinjo Samuel
Published: September 2021

Jucier Gonçalves Júnior , Fernando Henrique Carlos de Souza , Renta Miossi , Maria Eugênia Teixeira Bicalho , Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
Efficient WPT Based Speech Signal Protection
Authors: Zaini Hatim , Alqadi﻿ Ziad A.A
Published: September 2021

Speech files are now widely circulated using various means of communication, and sometimes the speech file can be secret, which requires protecting it from any unauthorized person to hear and understand it. The methods which use DES standard for data encryption-decryption are considered ineffective because they need a long time to implement the protection of speech files due to their large size and containing double data with fractions. In this paper research a method which uses WPT decomposition will be proposed, tested and implemented. It will be shown how the new introduced method will increase the cryptography process efficiency by minimizing the encryption-decryption times keeping at the same time excellent values for quality parameters.
Çocuklar İçin Zorbalığa Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: FAKİRULLAHOĞLU Abdulkadir M.m. , KÖSEOĞLU Armağan
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı 4, 5 ve 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin zorbalığa yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Ölçek geliştirme çalışması üç çalışma grubu üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci çalışma grubunu 120, ikinci çalışma grubunu 401 ve üçüncü çalışma grubunu 329 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Literatür incelemesi, odak grup görüşmesi ve örnek olay incelemesi sonucunda deneme formu oluşturulmuştur. Deneme formu, alanında uzman on bir kişiye sunulmuştur. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerliliği uzman görüşleri alınarak sağlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 20 ve LISREL 8.51 programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin faktör analizine uygunluğunu değerlendirmek için açımlayıcı analizinden önce Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) ve Bartlett testi yapılmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre KMO 0,82 ve Bartlett Sphericity Test ki-kare değerinin (X²=1216) anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür(p< 0,001). Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, ölçeğin üç faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu (onaylayıcı tutum, reddedici tutum ve çekimser tutum) ve toplam varyansın %49,42’sini açıkladığı saptanmıştır. Ölçekte üç faktör altında yer alan 15 madde için hesaplanan Cronbach's Alpha değeri ise ,779 çıkmıştır. Test tekrar test korelasyonu .75 bulunmuştur. Maddelere göre %27’lik alt-üst grup arasındaki farklar incelenmiş ve maddelerin puan ortalamalarının t-testi değerleri anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,001).Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonunda ise uyum indeksleri RMSEA=0.053, CFI=0.93, SRMR=0.052, GFI=,0.94 AGFI=0.91 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen sonuçlar Çocuklar için Zorbalığa Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir.
Borges’in “Ölüm ve Pusula” Öyküsünün İmgelem Kuramı Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Özgür
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada Arjantinli yazar Jorge Luis Borges'in Ölüm ve Pusula öyküsü, Carl G. Jung'un "Kolektif Bilinçdışının Arketipleri" teorisi ve Fransız kuramcı Gilbert Durand'ın "İmgelem Kuramı" üzerinden incelenmiştir. İlk başta öyküye dair kısa bir özete ve dilimize kazandırılışına dair bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci olarak yukarıdaki iki kuramdan biri olan Durand'ın İmgelem Kuramında sözü geçen "Gündüz rejimi" ile öykünün başkahramanı Erik Lönnrot arasında bağlantılar kurulmuştur. Ardından Gündüz rejiminin özellikleri arasında bulunan ve Durand’ın birtakım psikiyatristlerin çalışmalarından kaynak göstermiş olduğu "polemik karşı sav", "otistik gerileme", "şizomorf yapı" ve "geometrizm" gibi unsurlar detektif Lönnrot'ta gözlemlenmiştir. Karakter incelemesinden sonra öyküdeki malikhane uzamı da bulundurduğu geometri, simetri, doğrusal zaman gibi özellikleriyle aynı rejim üzerinden incelenmiştir. Uzamın hem içinde hem çevresinde bulunan çeşitli nesneler de Fransız yazarın kuramında bahsettiği üzere sembolik düzlemde ele alınmış olunup zaman ve ölüm kavramlarının malikhane uzamındaki izdüşümlerinden söz edilmiştir. Malikhanenin içinde bulunan Diana, Hermes ve Janus gibi mitolojik figürlerin heykelleri, uzam ve öyküdeki karakterler arasındaki ilişki üzerinden incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son aşamasında, Jung'un "Öz" arketipi, bu arketipin ne tür sembollerle temsil edildiği ve aynı arketipin öyküdeki izdüşümünün hangi nesneler aracılığıyla verildiği saptanmıştır. Makalenin yazarı, Borges’in kısa öyküsünün psikiyatri ve imgelem kuramları üzerinden incelemesinin ardından aynı yazarın hem incelenen öyküsünün hem de diğer öykülerinin ilgili kuramlar yoluyla sayısız bulgunun diğer yazarlar tarafından da saptanabileceği fikrini edinmiş olup çalışmasının ilgili alana ve yazarlarına katkı sağlamasını umar.
The Netherlands’ first architectural couples: women architects in their own right?
Authors: Smeets-Klokgieters Erica
Published: September 2021

In the period up to the end of the Second World War, 21 women in the Netherlands completed an academic architectural course. Five of these women married a fellow architect and conducted a joint architectural practice with their husband. These practices profited from the post-war reconstruction boom and, in the 1950s and ’60s, from the growing demand for housing and utilitarian buildings.

 Jannie Kammer-Kret, Toki Lammers-Koeleman, Jeanne van Rood-van Rijswijk, Koos Pot-Keegstra and Lotte Stam-Beese contrived to flourish in their chosen profession, and all had successful careers. The collaborative model embraced by these couples, which allowed the female partners to develop their potential to the full, was surprisingly emancipated for the time. Although a home-based office, with its combination of business with household and children, held obvious appeal for the woman, the initiative for such arrangements sometimes came from the husband. There were several variations on the respectful and equitable collaborative model, ranging from one in which each partner worked independently on their own commissions to one in which the melding of individual contributions was such that it was no longer possible to attribute designs to one or the other partner. What these models demonstrate is that the women architects did not need to depend on the name and fame of their husband but were perfectly capable of shaping their own career.

The work of these women architects was strongly influenced by Nieuwe Bouwen principles as reflected in the application of a functionalist and sober formal idiom, averse to superfluous decoration. Unsurprisingly, given the professional circles they both frequented, their partners held similar architectural views. This undoubtedly contributed to mutual inspiration and possibly also to two-way influence.

The output of women architects is astonishingly varied. These women responded to the spirit of the times and to the sometimes difficult economic circumstances by employing new types of dwellings, building materials and techniques, designing buildings for new groups of residents or by familiarizing themselves with the latest requirements of industrial clients or government bodies. Their portfolios encompassed commissions for utilitarian buildings as well as for the more predictable houses. Their household experience and practicality proved particularly useful in the design of private homes, residential aged care and schools, finding expression in efficient floor plans, modern furnishings and new, easy to clean materials. This is also evident in the home-cum-practice they designed for themselves, where they were able to give free rein to those principles.