bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riesgo: A Knowledge-Based Qualitative Risk Assessment System for PPP Projects
Authors: Kuru Kadir , Artan Deniz
Published: April 2024

A successful public-private partnership (PPP) relies heavily on effective risk assessment, given the intricate risk factors and contractual arrangements involved. While quantitative risk assessment methods have received significant attention in the PPP literature, qualitative risk assessment, the sector’s predominant preference, remains underexplored, causing a low level of applicability of academic studies and indicating a noticeable research gap. A qualitative risk assessment tool prototype, Riesgo, is developed in this paper as a customizable, knowledge-based digital risk register incorporating a pre-defined template that guides users using PPP risk factors, compensation and mitigation options, project information requirements, and risk register items. This paper presents the proposed system architecture, explains the research steps adopted in determining the system elements, and delineates the system functions through a use case developed to illustrate the process and information flows. The prototype was verified by 13 PPP experts who employed it for risk assessment, and their feedback was utilized for further development. A validation survey of 21 professionals affirmed Riesgo’s usability and applicability in the industry. The customizable and knowledge-based prototype has the potential to streamline effective risk assessment and guide the users across various PPP phases, such as early risk assessment, feasibility studies, contract preparation, and monitoring.
Exploring the Potential of Machine Learning in Stochastic Reliability Modelling for Reinforced Soil Foundations
Authors: Raja Muhammad Nouman Amjad , Abdoun Tarek , El-Sekelly Waleed
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a novel application of gene expression programming (GEP) for the reliability analysis (RA) of reinforced soil foundations (RSFs) based on settlement criteria, addressing a critical gap in sustainable construction practices. Based on the principles of probability and statistics, the soil uncertainties were mapped using the first-order second-moment (FOSM) approach. The historical data generated via a parametric study on a validated finite element numerical model were used to train and validate the GEP models. Among the ten developed GEP frameworks, the best-performing model, abbreviated as GEP-M9 (R2 = 0.961 and RMSE = 0.049), in the testing phase was used to perform the RA of an RSF. This model’s effectiveness in RA was affirmed through a comprehensive evaluation, including parametric sensitivity analysis and validation against two independent case studies. The reliability index (β) and probability of failure (Pf) were determined across various coefficient of variation (COV) configurations, underscoring the model’s potential in civil engineering risk analysis. The newly developed GEP model has shown considerable potential for analyzing civil engineering construction risk, as shown by the experimental results of varying settlement values.
Impact of Stressors/Stress on Organizational Commitment of Engineers in the Construction Industry
Authors: Leung Mei-Yung , Ahmed Khursheed , Chan Isabella Y. S.
Published: April 2024

Engineers often play vital roles in technical planning, designing, and operating projects, as well as implementing standard requirements in the physical sites. Although architectural designs may be similar in a construction project, the technical problems, including soil conditions, loading calculations, team combination, etc., often vary between projects. Although previous studies focus on the stress management of construction professionals, little research has been particularly conducted for the effects of stressors and stress of engineers on their organizational commitment. It is inevitable for engineers to experience different uncertainties, harsh working environments, and serious legal liabilities, while there is often no tolerance when it comes to deadlines and safety requirements. All this definitely puts great pressure on them and may subsequently affect their commitment to their organizations. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of stressors and stress on the commitment of engineers in the construction industry. A total of 146 respondents participated in a questionnaire survey, and various statistical analyses including a reliability test, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regressions were adopted for developing the optimized commitment models. The research results revealed that (1) Type A personality was a key factor, which had a significant positive effect on all the three organizational commitments of professional engineers in the construction industry; (2) poor office environment, job overload, and role ambiguity were positively associated with continuance and normative commitment, whereas poor site environment and lack of job autonomy were negatively linked with affective commitment; and (3) stress had a negative relationship with affective commitment; (4) however, there was no relationship between stress and continuance or normative commitment. In order to establish holistic organizational commitment strategies in the industry well, the current study indicates key stressors to upper management to help them efficiently manage complicated project teams in construction projects. In addition, it contributes the body of knowledge by developing an integrated commitment model for engineers. Finally, numerous recommendations are made, such as encouraging Type A personality behaviors, providing sufficient job autonomy, improving worksite conditions to enhance the organizational commitment of engineers, and reducing the adverse impacts of these stressors and stress.
Recent Advances of Self-Healing Materials for Civil Engineering: Models and Simulations
Authors: Liao Cen-Ying , Zhang Lin , Hu Si-Yu , Xia Shuai-Jie , Li D. M.
Published: April 2024

Empowering materials with self-healing capabilities is an attractive approach for sustainable development. This strategy involves using different methods to automatically heal microcracks and damages that occur during the service life of materials or structures. Initially, this study begins with an in-depth exploration of self-healing characteristics found in materials such as concrete, asphalt, and polymers. The differences and comparative merits and demerits between autogenous (intrinsic) healing and autonomic (extrinsic) healing are discussed, and it is found that intrinsic healing is more promising. Subsequently, the study explores how models are applied to assess self-healing efficiency. The results indicate that time and temperature have significant impacts on the self-healing process. However, there is a scarcity of research exploring the effects of load factors during service life. Computational simulation methodologies for microcapsules and asphalt within self-healing materials are investigated. Multiscale characterization and machine learning can further elucidate the healing mechanisms and facilitate the establishment of computational models. This study endeavors to realize the maximum capabilities of self-healing materials, paving the way for the design of sustainable and more effective self-repairing materials for various applications.
Tracking Modal Parameters of Structures Online Using Recursive Stochastic Subspace Identification under Ambient Excitations
Authors: Huang Shieh-Kung , Chen Jin-Quan , Weng Yuan-Tao , Kang Jae-Do
Published: April 2024

Continuous and autonomous system identification is an alternative to regular inspection during operations, which is essential for structural integrity management (SIM) as well as structural health monitoring (SHM). In this regard, online (or real-time) system identification techniques that have recently received considerable attention can be used to assess the current condition and performance during operations and, in the meantime, can be utilized to detect any damage or deterioration. For example, stochastic subspace identification (SSI), based on recursive formulation, has proven its capability in tracking modal parameters as well as time-variant dynamic behaviors. This study proposes the implementation of recursive SSI (RSSI) using the matrix inversion lemma to track slow time-varying parameter changes under ambient excitations. Subsequently, some investigations for practical implementation are examined and discussed. For verifying the reliability of SHM applications based on the proposed methods, two datasets measured from different experiments are exploited to identify the modal parameters reclusively. The results from both numerical simulations and experimental investigations demonstrated the effectiveness of tracking the modal parameters exhibiting time-varying dynamic characteristics under white noise excitations (or ambient excitations).
Design and Performance Study of a Six-Leg Lattice Tower for Wind Turbines
Authors: Li Miao , Li Hao , Wen Yang
Published: April 2024

A new type of spherical node was used to design a laboratory-scale prototype of a six-leg lattice of steel tubes and concrete for application as a wind turbine tower. Repeated load tests were performed on the prototype tower for several weeks to evaluate its load-carrying capacity, deformation, energy consumption, stress distribution based on damage patterns, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, strength, and stiffness degradation curves. The findings indicated that the prototype tower underwent thread damage to the high-strength bolts of the inclined web and weld damage between the inclined web and sealing plate. Although the stress differences between different measurement points were significant, the stress values were small at most of the measurement points. The maximum equivalent stress value was 294 MPa, which appeared in the middle layer of the BC surface. The P-Δ hysteresis curve had an inverse “S”-shape, and the bearing capacity was high. The maximum energy dissipation appeared in the 1.75 Δy loading stage. The peak load of the specimen can reach 376.2 kN, and the corresponding peak displacement is 37 mm. However, the average ductility coefficient was only 2.33, indicating little plastic deformation. The maximum strain of the tower column foot is 1800 με, and the force of the inclined web member in the middle layer is the largest. The strain of the transverse web bar increased significantly after the tower yielded, which contributed to maintaining the integrity of the structure.
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Dutch Breast Cancer Surveillance Decision Aid including Personalized Risk Estimates in the SHOUT-BC Study: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Ankersmid Jet W. , Engelhardt Ellen G. , Lansink Rotgerink Fleur K. , The Regina , Strobbe Luc J. A. , Drossaert Constance H. C. , Siesling Sabine , van Uden-Kraan Cornelia F.
Published: April 2024

Background: To improve Shared decision-making (SDM) regarding personalized post-treatment surveillance, the Breast Cancer Surveillance Decision Aid (BCS-PtDA), integrating personalized risk information, was developed and implemented in eight hospitals. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to (1) assess the implementation and participation rates, (2) identify facilitators and barriers for use by health care professionals (HCPs), (3) quantify the observed level of SDM, and (4) evaluate risk communication and SDM application in consultations. Methods: Implementation and participation rates and patients’ BCS-PtDA use were calculated using hospital registry data and BCS-PtDA log data. HCPs’ perspective on facilitators and barriers were collected using the MIDI framework. Observed SDM levels in consultation transcripts were quantified using the OPTION-5 scale. Thematic analysis was performed to assess consultation content. Results: The average PtDA implementation and participation rates were, respectively, 26% and 61%. HCPs reported that the PtDA supported choice awareness. Reported barriers for implementation were mainly increased workload and a lack of perceived benefits. The consultation analysis (n = 64) showed patients were offered a choice, but deliberation was lacking. Risk communication was generally adequate. Discussion: When the BCS-PtDA was used, patients were clearly given a choice regarding their post-treatment surveillance, but information provision and SDM application can be improved.
Dexamethasone in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Scheffler Pierre , Fung Christian , Momjian Shahan , Koessinger Dominik , Häni Levin , Neidert Nicolas , Straehle Jakob , Volz Florian , Schnell Oliver , Beck Jürgen , El Rahal Amir
Published: April 2024

Objective: Glioblastomas are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Although modern management strategies have modestly improved overall survival, the prognosis remains dismal, with treatment side effects often impinging on the clinical course. Glioblastomas cause neurological dysfunction by infiltrating CNS tissue and via perifocal oedema formation. The administration of steroids such as dexamethasone is thought to alleviate symptoms by reducing oedema. However, despite its widespread use, the evidence for the administration of dexamethasone is limited and conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to review the current evidence concerning the use and outcomes of dexamethasone in patients with glioblastoma. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. We performed a restricted search using the keywords “Dexamethasone” and “Glioblastoma” on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Premier. We included studies reporting on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in glioblastoma patients receiving higher or lower dexamethasone doses. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model for OS and PFS. Results: Twenty-two retrospective studies were included. Higher doses of dexamethasone were associated with poorer OS (hazard ratio 1.62, confidence interval 1.40–1.88) and PFS (1.49, 1.23–1.81). OS remained worse even when studies corrected for clinical status (1.52, 1.38–1.67). Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of dexamethasone in glioblastoma patients, its use is correlated with worse long-term outcomes. Consequently, Dexamethasone administration should be restricted to selected symptomatic patients. Future prospective studies are crucial to confirm these findings.
Disproportionation of Rosin Driven by 4,4′-Thio-bis(3-Methyl-6-Tert-Butylphenol): Kinetic Model Discrimination
Authors: Souto Juan C. , Yustos Pedro , Garcia-Ochoa Felix , Ladero Miguel
Published: April 2024

Herein, a phenomenological kinetic modeling of the disproportionation of rosin with a well-known antioxidant and bleaching agent, antioxidant 300, also known as 4,4′-thio-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) under thermal conditions adequate for rosin esterification with polyols such as glycerol or pentaerythritol, is studied. The temperature was varied in the 260–280 °C range, while the catalyst was either absent or added till a 2% w/w amount relative to rosin. The composition of the reaction liquid was followed by GC-MS to identify the rosin acids present in each sample and GC-FID to quantify them. Gas chromatography analyses indicated that abietic acids were involved in dehydrogenation, isomerization and disproportionation reactions, while pimaric acid underwent a number of isomerization reactions, dehydroabietic acid being the main product of the disproportionation process, while abietic acid almost disappeared in the more reactive conditions. Several kinetic models featuring direct hydrogenation, disproportionation, isomerization, and dehydrogenation reactions were proposed and fitted, step by step, to all relevant data. Physicochemical and statistical discrimination allowed for the selection of the most adequate model, which includes abietic, neoabietic and palustric acid dehydrogenation to dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid disproportionation to di- and dehydroabietic acid, and pimaric acid isomerization. In any case, a model with isomerization of all abietic-type acids towards abietic acid before its further transformation via dehydrogenation and disproportionation reactions seems statistically valid as well.
The Origin of the Low-Temperature Minimum of Electrical Resistivity in Strontium Ferromolybdate Ceramics
Authors: Suchaneck Gunnar , Artiukh Evgenii , Gerlach Gerald
Published: April 2024

In this work, we analyze the electrical behavior of strontium ferromolybdate below room temperature. We demonstrate that in SFMO ceramics, SFMO thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition including (100) and (111) textured thin films, as well as in nonstoichiometric SFMO ceramics, an intergrain tunneling mechanism of charge carrier conduction leads to a decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature in the low-temperature region. This intergrain tunneling can be attributed to fluctuation-induced tunneling. On the other hand, bulk metallic resistivity of the grains, which increases with temperature, becomes dominant at higher temperatures and magnetic fluxes. The interplay of these conduction mechanisms leads to a resistivity minimum, i.e., a resistivity upturn below the temperature of minimum resistivity. Several mechanisms have been discussed in the literature to describe the low-temperature upturn in resistivity. Based on available literature data, we propose a revised model describing the appearance of a low-temperature resistivity minimum in SFMO ceramics by an interplay of fluctuation-induced tunneling and metallic conductivity. Additionally, we obtained that in the region of metallic conductivity at higher temperatures and magnetic fluxes, the pre-factor Rm of the temperature-dependent term of metallic conductivity written as a power law decreases exponentially with the temperature exponent m of this power law. Here, the value of m is determined by the charge scattering mechanism.
Precision Dermatology: A Review of Molecular Biomarkers and Personalized Therapies
Authors: Tan Isabella J. , Podwojniak Alicia , Parikh Aarushi , Cohen Bernard A.
Published: April 2024

The evolution of personalized medicine in dermatology signifies a transformative shift towards individualized treatments, driven by the integration of biomarkers. These molecular indicators serve beyond diagnostics, offering insights into disease staging, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Specific criteria guide biomarker selection, ensuring attributes like specificity, sensitivity, cost feasibility, stability, rapid detection, and reproducibility. This literature review, based on data from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, explores biomarkers in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Alopecia Areata (AA), Vitiligo, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU). In HS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMPs serve as biomarkers, influencing targeted therapies like adalimumab and anakinra. Psoriasis involves biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-23, and HLA genes, shaping treatments like IL23 and IL17 inhibitors. AD biomarkers include ECP, IL-4, IL-13, guiding therapies like dupilumab and tralokinumab. For AA, lipocalin-2, cytokines, and genetic polymorphisms inform JAK inhibitors’ use. Vitiligo biomarkers range from cytokines to genetic markers like TYR, TYRP1, guiding treatments like JAK inhibitors. CSU biomarkers encompass IgE, cytokines, and autologous serum tests, influencing therapies like omalizumab and cyclosporine. Comparing conditions, common proinflammatory markers reveal limited specificity. While some biomarkers aid diagnosis and standard treatments, others hold more scientific than clinical value. Precision medicine, driven by biomarkers, has shown success in skin malignancies. Future directions involve AI-powered algorithms, nanotechnology, and multi-omics integration for personalized dermatological care.
In Vitro Hepatotoxicity of Routinely Used Opioids and Sedative Drugs
Authors: Haller Katharina , Doß Sandra , Sauer Martin
Published: April 2024

A hepatocyte cell line was used to determine the hepatotoxicity of sedatives and opioids, as the hepatotoxicity of these drugs has not yet been well characterized. This might pose a threat, especially to critically ill patients, as they often receive high cumulative doses for daily analgosedation and often already have impaired liver function due to an underlying disease or complications during treatment. A well-established biosensor based on HepG2/C3A cells was used for the determination of the hepatotoxicity of commonly used sedatives and opioids in the intensive care setting (midazolam, propofol, s-ketamin, thiopental, fentanyl, remifentanil, and sufentanil). The incubation time was 2 × 3 days with clinically relevant (Cmax) and higher concentrations (C5× and C10×) of each drug in cell culture medium or human plasma. Afterward, we measured the cell count, vitality, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, cytochrome P 450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and albumin synthesis. All tested substances reduced the viability of hepatocyte cells, but sufentanil and remifentanil showed more pronounced effects. The cell count was diminished by sufentanil in both the medium and plasma and by remifentanil only in plasma. Sufentanil and remifentanil also led to higher values of LDH in the cell culture supernatant. A reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was seen with the use of midazolam and s-ketamine. Microalbumin synthesis was reduced in plasma after its incubation with higher concentrations of sufentanil and remifentanil. Remifentanil and s-ketamine reduced CYP1A2 activity, while propofol and thiopental increased it. Our findings suggest that none of the tested sedatives and opioids have pronounced hepatotoxicity. Sufentanil, remifentanil, and s-ketamine showed moderate hepatotoxic effects in vitro. These drugs should be given with caution to patients vulnerable to hepatotoxic drugs, e.g., patients with pre-existing liver disease or liver impairment as part of their underlying disease (e.g., hypoxic hepatitis or cholestatic liver dysfunction in sepsis). Further studies are indicated for this topic, which may use more complex cell culture models and global pharmacovigilance reports, addressing the limitation of the used cell model: HepG2/C3A cells have a lower metabolic capacity due to their low levels of CYP enzymes compared to primary hepatocytes. However, while the test model is suitable for parental substances, it is not for toxicity testing of metabolites.
Do MRI Results Represent Functional Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Repair of an Isolated Meniscus Tear in Young Patients?—A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Martinkėnienė Viktorija Brogaitė , Austys Donatas , Šaikus Andrius , Brazaitis Andrius , Bernotavičius Giedrius , Makulavičius Aleksas , Sveikata Tomas , Verkauskas Gilvydas
Published: April 2024

Background: The use of postoperative MRI to assess the healing status of repaired menisci is a long-standing issue. This study evaluates and compares functional and MRI outcomes following an arthroscopic meniscus repair procedure with the aim of postoperative MRI diagnostic accuracy clarification in young patients. Methods: A total of 35 patients under 18 years old who underwent isolated meniscus repair were included. The Pedi-IKDC score, Lysholm score, and Tegner activity index (TAS) were compared between the groups formed according to the Stroller and Crues three-grade classification of postoperative MRI-based evaluations. Grade 3 MRI views were classified as unhealed, grade 2 as partially healed, and grade 1 as fully healed within the repaired meniscus, whereas grade 3 cases were considered unsuccessful due to MRI evaluation. Results: MRI assessment revealed 4 cases of grade 1 (11.4%), 14 cases of grade 2 (40.8%), and 17 cases of grade 3 (48.0%) lesions. Pedi-IKDC and TAS scores were significantly higher among MRI grade 2 patients than among MRI grade 3 patients (p < 0.05). Weak negative correlations between MRI grades and all functional scales were found (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that Pedi-IKDC and TAS scores could correctly classify 77% and 71% of MRI grade 3 patients, respectively. The optimal cut-off values to detect grade 3 patients were 88.74 for the Pedi-IKDC score and 4.5 for the TAS score. Conclusions: To conclude, established functional score cut-off values may help identify unhealed meniscus repair patients.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Materials Prepared by Sol–Gel and Sol–Gel-Coating Method for Biomedical Use: Study and Synthetic Review of Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Barrino Federico
Published: April 2024

The need to improve the expectancy and quality of life of subjects affected by disabling pathologies that require the replacement or regeneration of tissues or parts of the body has fueled the development of innovative, better-performing materials that are capable of integrating into and being tolerated by body tissues. Materials with these characteristics, i.e., bio-functionality, bio-safety, and biocompatibility, are defined as biomaterials. One of the many methods for producing such materials is the sol–gel technique. This process is mainly used for the preparation of ceramic oxides at low temperatures, through hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of organometallic compounds within a hydroalcoholic solution. This study is based on a specific type of biomaterial: organic–inorganic hybrids. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the sol–gel technique, as well as describe the preparation and chemical and biological characterization, uses, and future prospects of these biomaterials. In particular, the use of plant drugs as organic components of the hybrid material is the innovation of this manuscript. The biological properties of plant extracts are numerous, and for this reason, they deserve great attention from the scientific community.
Isothermal Oxidation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Thick and Porous LaMgAl11O19 Abradable Topcoat
Authors: Huang Jingqi , Chen Wenbo , Lu Xiangrong , Xu Mingyi , Li Gui , Deng Longhui , Jiang Jianing , Dong Shujuan , Liu Li , Chen Meizhu , Cao Xueqiang
Published: April 2024

An exploration of the plasma-sprayed abradable sealing coatings (ASCs) of a thick and porous LaMgAl11O19 topcoat onto SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is detailed in this study. Interlayers comprising Si/Si + Yb2Si2O7/Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were strategically employed, considering their function in protecting the SiC/SiC CMCs from recession and mitigating thermal expansivity misfit. An isothermal oxidation test was conducted at 1300 °C and resulted in the formation of bubble and glassy melt on the side surface of the coated sample, while a significant reaction layer emerged at the Yb2SiO5/LaMgAl11O19 interface near the edge. The localized temperature rise caused by the exothermic oxidation of the SiC/SiC substrate was determined to be the underlying factor for bubble generation. The temperature-dependent viscosity of the melt contributed to various bubble characteristics, and due to the enrichment of Al ions, the glassy melt exacerbated the degradation of the Yb2SiO5 layer. After a thermal shock test at 1300 °C, the substrate on the uncoated backside of the sample experienced fracture, while the front coating remained intact. However, due to the presence of a through-coating crack, an internal crack network also developed within the substrate.
Performance of Stainless-Steel Bipolar Plates (SS-BPPs) in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyser (PEMWE): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zagoraiou Eirini , Krishan Soorya , Siriwardana Amal , Moschovi Anastasia Maria , Yakoumis Iakovos
Published: April 2024

Bipolar Plates (BPPs) play a critical role in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysers (PEMWEs) for effective hydrogen generation. The performance and longevity of the system can be considerably impacted by choosing the suitable material for these components. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis technology relies on cost-effective and corrosion-resistant BPPs. Tantalum, niobium, and titanium are low-cost, easy-to-machine materials that have good electrical and thermal conductivity; however, they exhibit low corrosion resistance. Noble metal and metal nitride coatings are usually investigated to minimize corrosion and interfacial contact resistance. Because of its performance-to-cost ratio, Stainless Steel (SS) based materials are among the most popular materials for BPP development. This study recommends material and operating parameters to improve PEMWE systems for sustainable hydrogen production’s efficiency, durability, and economic viability.
The Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023 Meeting Report
Authors: Cil Tulin , Boileau Jean-François , Chia Stephen , DeCoteau MJ , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Koch Anne , Nixon Nancy , Quan May Lynn , Roberts Amanda , Brezden-Masley Christine
Published: April 2024

On 15–16 June 2023, healthcare professionals and breast cancer patients and advocates from across Canada met in Toronto, Ontario, for the 2023 Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium (CBSC.). The CBSC. is a national, multidisciplinary event that occurs every 2 years with the goal of developing a personalized approach to the management of breast cancer in Canada. Experts provided state-of-the-art information to help optimally manage breast cancer patients, including etiology, prevention, diagnosis, experimental biology, and therapy of breast cancer and premalignant breast disease. The symposium also had the objectives of increasing communication and collaboration among breast cancer healthcare providers nationwide and providing a comprehensive and real-life review of the many facets of breast cancer. The sessions covered the patient voice, the top breast cancer papers from different disciplines in 2022, artificial intelligence in breast cancer, systemic therapy updates, the management of central nervous system metastases, multidisciplinary management of ductal carcinoma in situ, special populations, optimization-based individual prognostic factors, toxicity management of novel therapeutics, survivorship, and updates in surgical oncology. The key takeaways of these sessions have been summarized in this conference report.
Exploration of Germline Correlates and Risk of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Advanced Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Titmuss Emma , Yu Irene S. , Pleasance Erin D. , Williamson Laura M. , Mungall Karen , Mungall Andrew J. , Renouf Daniel J. , Moore Richard , Jones Steven J. M. , Marra Marco A. , Laskin Janessa J. , Savage Kerry J.
Published: April 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in the treatment of many tumor types, and durable responses can be observed in select populations. However, patients may exhibit significant immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that may lead to morbidity. There is limited information on whether the presence of specific germline mutations may highlight those at elevated risk of irAEs. We evaluated 117 patients with metastatic solid tumors or hematologic malignancies who underwent genomic analysis through the ongoing Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program at BC Cancer and received an ICI during their treatment history. Charts were reviewed for irAEs. Whole genome sequencing of a fresh biopsy and matched normal specimens (blood) was performed at the time of POG enrollment. Notably, we found that MHC class I alleles in the HLA-B27 family, which have been previously associated with autoimmune conditions, were associated with grade 3 hepatitis and pneumonitis (q = 0.007) in patients treated with combination PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, and PD-1 inhibitors in combination with IDO-1 inhibitors. These data highlight that some patients may have a genetic predisposition to developing irAEs.
A Versatile Deposition Model for Natural and Processed Surfaces
Authors: Ates Cihan , Koch Rainer , Bauer Hans-Jörg
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a robust deposition model designed for exploring the growth dynamics of deposits on surfaces under practical conditions. The study addresses the challenge of characterizing the intricate morphology of deposits, exhibiting significant visual variations. A generative approach is deployed to create diverse natural and engineered surface textures, governed by probabilistic principles. The model’s formulation addresses key questions related to deposition initiation, nucleation point behaviour, spatial scaling, deposit growth rates, spread dynamics, and surface mobility. A versatile algorithm, relying on six parameters and employing nested loops and Gaussian sampling, is developed. The algorithm’s efficacy is examined through extensive simulations, involving variations in nucleation scaling densities, aggregate scaling scenarios, spread factors, and diffusion rates. Surface statistics are computed for simulated deposits and analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The resulting database enables quantitative comparisons of surfaces generated with different parameters, where the database-derived parallel coordinates offer guidance for selecting optimal model parameters to achieve desired surface morphologies. The proposed approach is validated against urea-derived deposits, exhibiting statistical consistency and agreement with experimental observations. Overall, the model’s adaptable framework holds promise for understanding and predicting deposit growth on surfaces in diverse practical scenarios.
Survival Factors Associated with Toilet-Related Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tanaka Yoshio , Kamikura Takahisa , Owada Hitoshi , Inaba Hideo
Published: April 2024

Objective: To identify the factors associated with a neurologically favourable survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring in toilets. Methods: We retrospectively compared neurologically favourable 1-month survival rates and survival-related factors for 330,849 non-emergency medical service-witnessed OHCAs that occurred in toilets with those that occurred elsewhere using a nationwide database. Results: Compared to outpatient or hospital admission, OHCA was more likely to be associated with toilets (crude odds ratio [cOR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 2.52 [2.48–2.57]). The neurologically favourable 1-month survival rate for OHCA occurring in toilets (1.8%) was significantly lower than that in other places (2.9%) (cOR [95% CI]: 0.60 [0.53–0.68]). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use were minimal in toilets. Neither bystander CPR (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.91–1.75]) nor AED use (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 2.05 [0.65–6.41]) was associated with improved neurologically favourable 1-month survival in toilets. Conclusions: Despite the poor neurologically favourable survival rate of OHCA in toilets, the provision of bystander CPR and AED was not associated with survival. Potential contributing factors include low rates of bystander intervention and delayed patient detection. To address this issue, focusing particular attention on unwell patients who use the toilets is crucial, and preventive approaches should be promoted.
MGAD: Mutual Information and Graph Embedding Based Anomaly Detection in Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Huang Yuehua , Liu Wenfen , Li Song , Guo Ying , Chen Wen
Published: April 2024

Along with the popularity of mobile Internet and smart applications, more and more high-dimensional sensor data have appeared, and these high-dimensional sensor data have hidden information about system performance degradation, system failure, etc., and how to mine them to obtain such information is a very difficult problem. This challenge can be solved by anomaly detection techniques, which is an important field of research in data mining, especially in the domains of network security, credit card fraud detection, industrial fault identification, etc. However, there are many difficulties in anomaly detection in multivariate time-series data, including poor accuracy, fast data generation, lack of labeled data, and how to capture information between sensors. To address these issues, we present a mutual information and graph embedding based anomaly detection algorithm in multivariate time series, called MGAD (mutual information and graph embedding based anomaly detection). The MGAD algorithm consists of four steps: (1) Embedding of sensor data, where heterogeneous sensor data become different vectors in the same vector space; (2) Constructing a relationship graph between sensors using their mutual information about each other; (3) Learning the relationship graph between sensors using a graph attention mechanism, to predict the sensor data at the next moment; (4) Compare the predicted values with the real sensor data to detect potential outliers. Our contributions are as follows: (1) we propose an unsupervised outlier detection called MGAD with a high interpretability and accuracy; (2) massive experiments on benchmark datasets have demonstrated the superior performance of the MGAD algorithm, compared with state-of-the-art baselines in terms of ROC, F1, and AP.
A Microservices-Based Control Plane for Time-Sensitive Networking
Authors: Agustí-Torra Anna , Ferré-Mancebo Marc , Orozco-Urrutia Gabriel David , Rincón-Rivera David , Remondo David
Published: April 2024

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) aims to provide deterministic communications over Ethernet. The main characteristics of TSN are bounded latency and very high reliability, thus complying with the strict requirements of industrial communications or automotive applications, to name a couple of examples. In order to achieve this goal, TSN defines several scheduling algorithms, among them the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), which is based on time slots and Gate Control Lists (GCLs). The configuration of network elements to allocate time slots, paths, and GCLs is laborious, and has to be updated promptly and in a dynamic way, as new data flows arrive or disappear. The IEEE 802.1Qcc standard provides the basis to design a TSN control plane to face these challenges, following the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. However, most of the current SDN/TSN control plane solutions are monolithic applications designed to run on dedicated servers, and do not provide the required flexibility to escalate when facing increasing service requests. This work presents μTSN-CP, an SDN/TSN microservices-based control plane, based on the 802.1Qcc standard. Our architecture leverages the advantages of microservices, enabling the control plane to scale up or down in response to varying workloads dynamically. We achieve enhanced flexibility and resilience by breaking down the control plane into smaller, independent microservices. The performance of μTSN-CP is evaluated in a real environment with TSN switches, and various integer linear problem solvers, running over different computing platforms.
Cell Death in Acute Organ Injury and Fibrosis
Authors: Yasuma Taro , Gabazza Esteban C.
Published: April 2024

Tissue fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in various organs, including the lungs, liver, skin, kidneys, pancreas, and heart, ultimately leading to organ failure [...]
Meeting the Challenge of Controlling Viral Immunopathology
Authors: Berber Engin , Mulik Sachin , Rouse Barry T.
Published: April 2024

The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their activity changed selectively by maneuvers that, at the same time, may not diminish the impact of components that help resolve lesions. Ideally, we need to identify therapeutic approaches that can reverse ongoing lesions that lack unwanted side effects and are affordable to use. By understanding the delicate balance between immune responses that cause tissue damage and those that aid in resolution, novel strategies can be developed to target detrimental immune components while preserving the beneficial ones. Some strategies involve rebalancing the participation of immune components using various approaches, such as removing or blocking proinflammatory T cell products, expanding regulatory cells, restoring lost protective cell function, using monoclonal antibodies (moAb) to counteract inhibitory molecules, and exploiting metabolic differences between inflammatory and immuno-protective responses. These strategies can help reverse ongoing viral infections. We explain various approaches, from model studies and some clinical evidence, that achieve innate and adaptive immune rebalancing, offering insights into potential applications for controlling chronic viral-induced lesions.
Genome-Wide Identification of the SPP/SPPL Gene Family and BnaSPPL4 Regulating Male Fertility in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Li Guangze , Zhu Wenjun , Tian Minyu , Liu Rong , Ruan Ying , Liu Chunlin
Published: April 2024

Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologs, signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases, are members of the GxGD-type aspartyl protease family, which is widespread in plants and animals and is a class of transmembrane proteins with significant biological functions. SPP/SPPLs have been identified; however, the functions of SPP/SPPL in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have not been reported. In this study, 26 SPP/SPPLs were identified in rapeseed and categorized into three groups: SPP, SPPL2, and SPPL3. These members mainly contained the Peptidase_A22 and PA domains, which were distributed on 17 out of 19 chromosomes. Evolutionary analyses indicated that BnaSPP/SPPLs evolved with a large number of whole-genome duplication (WGD) events and strong purifying selection. Members are widely expressed and play a key role in the growth and development of rapeseed. The regulation of rapeseed pollen fertility by the BnaSPPL4 gene was further validated through experiments based on bioinformatics analysis, concluding that BnaSPPL4 silencing causes male sterility. Cytological observation showed that male infertility caused by loss of BnaSPPL4 gene function occurs late in the mononucleate stage due to microspore dysplasia.
Tribological Properties of Blocky Composites with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hu Chaoxiang , Gu Yunqing , Qiu Qianfeng , Ding Hongxin , Mou Jiegang , Wu Denghao , Ma Longbiao , Xu Maosen , Mou Chengqi
Published: April 2024

A large amount of primary energy is lost due to friction, and the study of new additive materials to improve friction performance is in line with the concept of low carbon. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have advantages in drag reduction and wear resistance with their hollow structure and self-lubricating properties. This review investigated the mechanism of improving friction properties of blocky composites (including polymer, metal, and ceramic-based composites) with CNTs’ incorporation. The characteristic tubular structure and the carbon film make low wear rate and friction coefficient on the surface. In addition, the effect of CNTs’ aggregation and interfacial bond strength on the wear resistance was analyzed. Within an appropriate concentration range of CNTs, the blocky composites exhibit better wear resistance properties. Based on the differences in drag reduction and wear resistance in different materials and preparation methods, further research directions of CNTs have been suggested.
Prognostic Impact of Visceral Adipose Tissue Imaging Parameters in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma after Surgical Resection
Authors: Lee Jeong Won , Yoo Ik Dong , Hong Sun-pyo , Kang Beodeul , Kim Jung Sun , Kim Yung Kil , Bae Sang Ho , Jang Su Jin , Lee Sang Mi
Published: April 2024

Visceral adiposity is known to be related to poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma; however, the prognostic significance of the qualitative features of adipose tissue in cholangiocarcinoma has yet to be well defined. This study investigated the prognostic impact of adipose tissue imaging parameters reflecting the quantity and qualitative characteristics of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 94 patients undergoing resection of cholangiocarcinoma. The area, mean computed tomography (CT) attenuation, and mean 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of SAT and VAT on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for staging work-up were measured, and the relationship of these adipose tissue imaging parameters with clinicopathological factors and survival was assessed. TNM stage, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, and the size of cholangiocarcinoma showed positive correlations with adipose tissue imaging parameters. Multivariate survival analysis demonstrated that the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) (p = 0.024; hazard ratio, 1.718) and mean FDG uptake of VAT (p = 0.033; hazard ratio, 9.781) were significant predictors for RFS, but all of the adipose tissue imaging parameters failed to show statistical significance for predicting OS. In addition to visceral adiposity, FDG uptake of VAT might be a promising prognostic parameter for predicting RFS in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
Exploring the Combined Action of Adding Pertuzumab to Branded Trastuzumab versus Trastuzumab Biosimilars for Treating HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Franco-Mateos Emma , Souza-Egipsy Virginia , García-Estévez Laura , Pérez-García José , Gion María , Garrigós Laia , Cortez Patricia , Saavedra Cristina , Gómez Patricia , Ortiz Carolina , Cruz Víctor L. , Ramos Javier , Cortés Javier , Vega Juan F.
Published: April 2024

The binding activity of various trastuzumab biosimilars versus the branded trastuzumab towards the glycosylated extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) target in the presence of pertuzumab was investigated. We employed size exclusion chromatography with tetra-detection methodology to simultaneously determine absolute molecular weight, concentration, molecular size, and intrinsic viscosity. All trastuzumab molecules in solution exhibit analogous behavior in their binary action towards HER2 regardless of the order of addition of trastuzumab/pertuzumab. This analogous behavior of all trastuzumab molecules, including biosimilars, highlights the robustness and consistency of their binding activity towards HER2. Furthermore, the addition of HER2 to a mixture of trastuzumab and pertuzumab leads to increased formation of high-order HER2 complexes, up to concentrations of one order of magnitude higher than in the case of sequential addition. The observed increase suggests a potential synergistic effect between these antibodies, which could enhance their therapeutic efficacy in HER2-positive cancers. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex interplay between therapeutic antibodies and their target antigens, providing valuable insights for the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Corrosion of Steel Rebars in Construction Materials with Reinforced Pervious Concrete
Authors: Lerma Villa Rosendo , Reyes Araiza José Luis , Pérez Bueno José de Jesús , Manzano-Ramírez Alejandro , Mendoza López Maria Luisa
Published: April 2024

Pervious concrete has great potential for use in many practical applications as a part of urban facilities that can add value through water harvesting and mitigating severe damage from floods. The construction and agricultural industries can take direct advantage of pervious concrete’s characteristics when water is a key factor included in projects as part of the useful life of a facility. Pervious concrete also has applications in vertical constructions, fountains, and pedestrian crossings. This work evidences that pervious concrete’s corrosion current increases with increasing aggregate size. Also, corrosion is a factor to consider only when steel pieces are immersed, aggravated by the presence of chlorine, but it drains water and does not retain moisture. Steel-reinforced pervious concrete was studied, and the grain size of the inert material and the corrosion process parameters were investigated. The electrochemical frequency modulation technique is proposed as a suitable test for a fast, reproducible assessment which, without damaging reinforced cement structures, particularly pervious concrete, indicates a trend of increasing corrosion current density as the size of the aggregate increases or density diminishes.