bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D porous graphitic nanocarbon for enhancing the performance and durability of Pt catalysts: a balance between graphitization and hierarchical porosity
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Hwang Sooyeon , Li Xing , Wang Chenyu , Samarakoon Widitha , Karakalos Stavros , Li Dongguo , Chen Mengjie , He Yanghua , Wang Maoyu , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Guofeng , Zhou Hua , Feng Zhenxing , Su Dong , Spendelow Jacob S. , Wu Gang
Published: July 2019

A carbon support with favorable balance between graphitization and hierarchical porosity is promising to address carbon corrosion issue in cathode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Prospective environmental risk assessment of nanocellulose for Europe
Authors: Stoudmann Natasha , Nowack Bernd , Som Claudia
Published: July 2019

Quantitative environmental risk assessment of nanocellulose, using a dynamic and probabilistic modelling approach. Results show low risk, contributing towards the safe development of this material.
Identification and validation of common molecular targets of hydroxytyrosol
Authors: López de las Hazas María-Carmen , Martin-Hernández Roberto , Crespo María Carmen , Tomé-Carneiro João , del Pozo-Acebo Lorena , Ruiz-Roso María B. , Escola-Gil Joan C. , Osada Jesús , Portillo Maria P. , Martinez José Alfredo , Navarro María A. , Rubió Laura , Motilva María José , Visioli Francesco , Dávalos Alberto
Published: July 2019

Identification of consistently modulated molecular targets of HT reportedin vivowas carried out by means of transcriptomic and proteomic data integration. Validation of selected targets was attempted in liver samples from different HT rodent studies.
Converting H+ from coordinated water into H− enables super facile synthesis of LiBH4
Authors: Chen Kang , Ouyang Liuzhang , Zhong Hao , Liu Jiangwen , Wang Hui , Shao Huaiyu , Zhang Yao , Zhu Min
Published: July 2019

LiBH4 has excellent application potential as an off- or on-board hydrogen carrier for its unparalleled hydrogen capacity (18.5 wt%).
Magnetic microboats for floating, stiffness tunable, air–liquid interface epithelial cultures
Authors: Chandrasekaran Arvind , Kouthouridis Sonya , Lee Wontae , Lin Nicholas , Ma Zhenwei , Turner Mark J. , Hanrahan John W. , Moraes Christopher
Published: July 2019

Magnetically anchored microboats that can reliably and rapidly create air–liquid interface culture conditions in substrate-stiffness tunable epithelial cell cultures.
Effect of ligand substituents on nickel and copper [N4] complexes: electronic and redox behavior, and reactivity towards protons
Authors: Kankanamalage Pavithra H. A. , Ekanayake Danushka M. , Singh Nirupama , de Morais Ana C. P. , Mazumder Shivnath , Verani Cláudio N. , Mukherjee Anusree , Lanznaster Mauricio
Published: July 2019

The ligand substituents have a major effect on the redox potentials, catalytic efficiency and robustness of the complexes in HER.
Silver-mediated radical phosphorylation/cyclization of N-allylbenzamides to access phosphoryl-substituted dihydroisoquinolones
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ceng , Sun Kai , Lv Qi-Yan , Chen Xiao-Lan , Sun Yuan-Qiang , Peng Yu-Yu , Qu Ling-Bo , Yu Bing
Published: July 2019

A silver-mediated phosphorylation/cyclization of N-allylbenzamides with phosphine oxides for the synthesis of phosphoryl-substituted dihydroisoquinolones was developed.
Stress transfer at the nanoscale on graphene ribbons of regular geometry
Authors: Manikas A. C. , Pastore Carbone M. G. , Woods C. R. , Wang Y. , Souli I. , Anagnostopoulos G. , Hadjinicolaou M. , Novoselov K. S. , Galiotis C.
Published: July 2019

Experimental and theoretical investigation of true axial stress transfer on regular-exfoliated-graphene micro-ribbons which are aligned to the loading direction.
Heterostructured CoO-Co3O4nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres as cathode catalysts for Li–O2batteries
Authors: Feng Lixia , Li Yongliang , Sun Lingna , Mi Hongwei , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Peixin
Published: July 2019

CoO-Co3O4nanoparticles coated on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (N-HC@CoO-Co3O4) are prepared by a simple method, and N-HC@CoO-Co3O4when used as the cathode material for a lithium–oxygen battery shows high catalytic performance.
Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer
Authors: She Zhe , Yao Zhen , Ménard Hervé , Tobish Sven , Lahaye Dorothée , Champness Neil R. , Buck Manfred
Published: July 2019

Electrochemical reduction of Pd-ions coordinated to a thiol self-assembled monolayer controls Cu deposition from the bulk electrolyte.
Functionalization and patterning of nanocellulose films by surface-bound nanoparticles of hydrolyzable tannins and multivalent metal ions
Authors: Limaye Mukta V. , Schütz Christina , Kriechbaum Konstantin , Wohlert Jakob , Bacsik Zoltán , Wohlert Malin , Xia Wei , Pléa Mama , Dembele Cheick , Salazar-Alvarez German , Bergström Lennart
Published: July 2019

Functionalization and patterning of nanocellulose with tannin–metal ion complexes.
One-core-atom loss in a gold nanocluster promotes hydroamination reaction of alkynes
Authors: Wang Liqun , Shen Kangqi , Chen Mingyang , Zhu Yan
Published: July 2019

Au24 without a core atom exhibits higher activity in the intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes than Au25 with the core atom.
A facile fabrication strategy for anisotropic photonic crystals using deformable spherical nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Ke , Li Chang , Li Zheng , Li Huizeng , Li An , Li Kaixuan , Lai Xintao , Liao Qing , Xie Fang , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin
Published: July 2019

A 2D anisotropic photonic crystal of bowl-shaped nanoparticles is fabricated from deformable spherical nanoparticles by a controllable chemical etching process.
A facile copper(i)-catalyzed homo-coupling of indanone derivatives using diaziridinone under mild conditions
Authors: Han Wenyong , Yang Yihui , Zhu Yingguang , Shi Yian
Published: July 2019

A variety of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds containing vicinal quaternary carbons are efficiently generated in high yields with high diastereoselectivities via Cu(i)-catalyzed homo-coupling of indanone derivatives using diaziridinone as an oxidant.
A study of crack formation and propagation in LaZrCeO/YSZ thermal barrier coatings at different temperatures
Authors: Shen Zaoyu , He Limin , Mu Rende , Xu Zhenhua , Huang Guanghong
Published: July 2019

Cr diffusion plays an important role in phase change and crack formation and propagation.
Ba3Ca4(BO3)3(SiO4)Cl: a new non-centrosymmetric complex alkaline-earth metal borosilicate chloride with a deep-ultraviolet cut-off edge
Authors: Lu Zixiu , Zhang Fangfang , Tudi Abudukadi , Yu Sujuan , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2019

The first complex alkaline-earth metal borosilicate chloride, Ba3Ca4(BO3)3(SiO4)Cl, as a potential ultraviolet nonlinear optical material.
Bioscaffold arrays decorated with Ag nanoparticles as a SERS substrate for direct detection of melamine in infant formula
Authors: Zhao Nan , Li Hefu , Tian Cunwei , Xie Yanru , Feng Zhenbao , Wang Zongliang , Yan Xunling , Wang Wenjun , Yu Huishan
Published: July 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic structures have been intensively investigated as high performance surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.
Imaging modification of colon carcinoma cells exposed to lipid based nanovectors for drug delivery: a scanning electron microscopy investigation
Authors: Depalo Nicoletta , Fanizza Elisabetta , Vischio Fabio , Denora Nunzio , Laquintana Valentino , Cutrignelli Annalisa , Striccoli Marinella , Giannelli Gianluigi , Agostiano Angela , Curri Maria Lucia , Scavo Maria Principia
Published: July 2019

Imaging of soft nanostructure/cell interactions on surface cell membranes.
Electrodeposited Cu/MWCNT composite-film: a potential current collector of silicon-based negative-electrodes for Li-Ion batteries
Authors: Shimizu Masahiro , Ohnuki Tomonari , Ogasawara Takayuki , Banno Taketoshi , Arai Susumu
Published: July 2019

To develop the potential high theoretical capacity of Si as a negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries, a new type of composite current collector in which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are immobilized on a Cu surface was developed using an electroplating technique.
In situ formation of PLA-grafted alkoxysilanes for toughening a biodegradable PLA stereocomplex thin film
Authors: Jeong Jieun , Ayyoob Muhammad , Kim Ji-Heung , Nam Sung Woo , Kim Young Jun
Published: July 2019

Current work provides a synergistic approach to prepare super tough PLA without any significant loss of its excellent intrinsic mechanical properties.
CoFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated MoS2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for improved microwave absorption and shielding performance
Authors: Prasad Jagdees , Singh Ashwani Kumar , Haldar Krishna Kamal , Tomar Monika , Gupta Vinay , Singh Kedar
Published: July 2019

Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated onto the surface of a MoS2-reduced graphene oxide (MoS2-rGO/CoFe2O4) nanocomposite were synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal method.
Accumulation, temporal variation, source apportionment and risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils from the middle reaches of Fenhe River basin, North China
Authors: Liu Minxia , Han Zhiqiang , Yang Yuyi
Published: July 2019

The Fenhe River basin is the main agricultural and industrial developed area in Shanxi province, China.
Monooxygenase-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation for the synthesis of hydroxyequols
Authors: Hashimoto Takafumi , Nozawa Daiki , Mukai Katsuyuki , Matsuyama Akinobu , Kuramochi Kouji , Furuya Toshiki
Published: July 2019

A one-step product-selective approach for synthesizing hydroxyequols from equol using oxidation biocatalysts was developed.
Highly effective carbon-supported gold-ionic liquid catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Qi Xueyan , Chen Weifeng , Zhang Jinli
Published: July 2019

The sulfur-containing ionic liquid (IL) trimethylsulfonium iodide (C3H9SI) was used to synthesize an efficient non-mercuric catalyst with HAuCl4·4H2O as a precursor and spherical active carbon (SAC) as a support.
Recyclable iron(ii) caffeine-derived ionic salt catalyst in the Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and α,β-unsaturated N-acyl-oxazolidinones in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Meng Di , Li Dazhi , Ollevier Thierry
Published: July 2019

Iron(ii) triflate was used in combination with caffeine-derived salts as recyclable catalysts for the Diels–Alder reaction run in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a green solvent.
The behaviour of water on the surface of kaolinite with an oscillating electric field
Authors: Liao Bo , Qiu Li , Wang Diansheng , Bao Wancheng , Wei Yupeng , Wang Yudou
Published: July 2019

A quantitative understanding of oscillating electric field effects on the behaviour of water on the surface of kaolinite is vital for research in the field of clay–water systems.
A molecular approach on the ability of functionalized single walled carbon nanotube for cathinone sensing
Authors: Zhiani Rahele , Emrani Shokufe , Razavipanah Iman
Published: July 2019

In this article, single walled carbon nanotube functionalized with COOH (NT1) and CONHCH3 (NT2) groups were used for detection of the cathinone (CT) molecule in the gas phase and the liquid phase from the theoretical point of view.
Retracted Article: The influence of gradient and porous configurations on the microwave absorbing performance of multilayered graphene/thermoplastic polyurethane composite foams
Authors: Wang Chaozhi , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun
Published: July 2019

Single-layer graphene/TPU composite foams with different graphene content were prepared through a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process.
Establishing lignin structure-upgradeability relationships using quantitative 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC-NMR) spectroscopy
Authors: Talebi Amiri Masoud , Bertella Stefania , Questell-Santiago Ydna M. , Luterbacher Jeremy S.
Published: July 2019

By using a quantitative HSQC-NMR method to measure chemical functionalities within the structure of isolated lignin samples, lignin's upgradability can be very precisely predicted.
Microwave induced mechanical activation of hydrogel dimers
Authors: Khattak Hamza K. , Waitukaitis Scott R. , Slepkov Aaron D.
Published: July 2019

Microwave irradiation of hydrogel dimers leads to mechanical energy injection in the form of sustained bouncing.
Synthesis and characterisation of redox hydrogels based on stable nitroxide radicals
Authors: Khodeir Miriam , Ernould Bruno , Brassinne Jérémy , Ghiassinejad Sina , Jia He , Antoun Sayed , Friebe Christian , Schubert Ulrich S. , Kochovski Zdravko , Lu Yan , Van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Gohy Jean-François
Published: July 2019

Redox hydrogels are obtained by introducing into a poly(oligoethyleneglycol)methacrylate network 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radicals, which can be oxidized into oxoammonium cations.
Irreversible topological transition of a stretched superhelix: the interplay of chiralities
Authors: Najafi Saeed
Published: July 2019

We show that under an external tension, the interplay between the helix chirality and the chirality of the superhelix leads to a fundamental irreversible topology transition of the stretched right-handed superhelix to its left-handed counterpart.
Visible light-triggered gel-to-sol transition in halogen-bond-based supramolecules
Authors: Tong Xun , Qiu Yuan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Xiong Bijin , Liao Rongzhen , Peng Haiyan , Liao Yonggui , Xie Xiaolin
Published: July 2019

Photoresponsive supramolecular gels have aroused continuous attention because of their extensive applications; however, most studies utilize UV light, which inevitably brings about some health and environmental issues.
Unravelling the impact of electrolyte nature on Sn4P3/C negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Gómez-Cámer Juan Luis , Acebedo Begoña , Ortiz-Vitoriano Nagore , Monterrubio Iciar , Galcerán Montserrat , Rojo Teófilo
Published: July 2019

Carbon coated tin phosphide is synthesized by an easily scalable ball milling method. The origin of the different electrochemical performance of tin phosphide electrodes in ether- and carbonate-based electrolytes is discussed.
Facile and scalable synthesis of low-cost FeS@C as long-cycle anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Dan , Chen Weihua , Zhang Xixue , Mi Liwei , Liu Chuntai , Chen Linjie , Guan Xinxin , Cao Yuliang , Shen Changyu
Published: July 2019

Sodium ion batteries attract extensive attention owning to their earth-abundant elements and potential of low cost. Low-cost FeS@C as anode was prepared from the practical perspective including the simple synthesis method and sufficient cycle stability (97.6%, 3000 cycles).
Self-assembled multilayer surfaces of highly fluorescent spirobifluorene-based dye for label-free protein recognition
Authors: Schlüter Friederike , Ravoo Bart Jan , Rizzo Fabio
Published: July 2019

New sensors for the recognition of proteins on glass and quartz surfaces were developed in a straightforward layer-by-layer deposition process.
A photodynamic antibacterial spray-coating based on the host–guest immobilization of the photosensitizer methylene blue
Authors: Yao Tian-tian , Wang Jing , Xue Yun-fan , Yu Wei-jiang , Gao Qiang , Ferreira Lino , Ren Ke-Feng , Ji Jian
Published: July 2019

An efficient photodynamic antibacterial spray-coating is developed with a very low MB density and high singlet oxygen quantum yield.
Defect-engineered MoS2 with extended photoluminescence lifetime for high-performance hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kang Sangmin , Koo Ja-Jung , Seo Hongmin , Truong Quang Trung , Park Jong Bo , Park Seong Chae , Jung Youngjin , Cho Sung-Pyo , Nam Ki Tae , Kim Zee Hwan , Hong Byung Hee
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate the synthesis and application of defect-engineered MoS2 bilayers with enhanced reactivity and stability for high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction.
Dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene molecular dimers as hole blocking materials for high-efficiency and long-lived blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jang Seokhoon , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Youngu
Published: July 2019

Novel hole blocking materials based on dibenzo[b,d]furan and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene molecular dimers are synthesized for high-efficiency and long-lived blue phosphorescent OLEDs.
PBI-4050 via GPR40 activation improves adenine-induced kidney injury in mice
Authors: Thibodeau Jean-François , Simard Jean-Christophe , Holterman Chet E. , Blais Amélie , Cloutier Marie-Pier , Medeiros Thalia , Leduc Martin , Grouix Brigitte , Leblond François A. , Burger Dylan , Hébert Richard L. , Kennedy Christopher R.J. , Gagnon Lyne
Published: July 2019

PBI-4050 (3-pentylbenzenacetic acid sodium salt), a novel first-in-class orally active compound that has completed clinical Phases Ib and II in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic syndrome respectively, exerts antifibrotic effects in several organs via a novel mechanism of action, partly through activation of the G protein receptor 40 (GPR40) receptor. Here we evaluate the effects of PBI-4050 in both WT and Gpr40−/− mice on adenine-induced tubulointerstitial injury, anemia and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Adenine-induced CKD was achieved in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed a diet supplemented with 0.25% adenine. After 1 week, PBI-4050 or vehicle was administered daily by oral-gavage for 3 weeks. Gpr40−/− mice were also subjected to adenine-feeding, with or without PBI-4050 treatment. PBI-4050 improved renal function and urine concentrating ability. Anemia was present in adenine-fed mice, while PBI-4050 blunted these effects and led to significantly higher plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Adenine-induced renal fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased by PBI-4050. In parallel, Gpr40−/− mice were more susceptible to adenine-induced fibrosis, renal function impairment, anemia and ER stress compared with WT mice. Importantly, PBI-4050 treatment in Gpr40−/− mice failed to reduce renal injury in this model. Taken together, PBI-4050 prevented adenine-induced renal injury while these beneficial effects were lost upon Gpr40 deletion. These data reinforce PBI-4050’s use as a renoprotective therapy and identify GPR40 as a crucial mediator of its beneficial effects.
Lipid constituents of model protocell membranes
Authors: Wang Anna , Szostak Jack W.
Published: July 2019

Primitive life must have possessed the essential features of modern cellular life, but without highly evolved proteins to perform dynamic functions such as nutrient transport and membrane remodeling. Here, we consider the membrane properties of protocells — minimal cells with hereditary material, capable of growth and division — and how these properties place restrictions on the components of the membrane. For example, the lipids of modern membranes are diacyl amphiphilic molecules containing well-over 20 carbons in total. Without proteins, these membranes are very stable and kinetically trapped. This inertness, combined with the need for enzymes to synthesize them, makes modern diacyl amphiphiles unsuitable candidates for the earliest membranes on Earth. We, therefore, discuss the progress made thus far with single-chained amphiphiles, including fatty acids and mixtures of fatty acids with related molecules, and the membrane-related research that must be undertaken to gain more insight into the origins of cellular life.
The Consequences of Oromandibular Dystonia on Communicative Participation: A Qualitative Study of the Insider's Experiences
Authors: Page Allyson D. , Siegel Lauren H. , Baylor Carolyn R. , Adams Scott G. , Yorkston Kathryn M.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to obtain a self-reported account of the experience of living with oromandibular dystonia (OMD) to gain a better understanding of both the daily facilitators and barriers to communicative participation and the strategies used for adapting to life with OMD.

Method

Eight individuals with OMD and dysarthria participated in 1 face-to-face, semistructured interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative, phenomenological methods of coding, immersion, and emergence were used in the analysis of interview data.

Results

Three major themes and 7 subthemes emerged from the analysis of interview data. First, “speaking is different now” provided examples of how speech changes are manifested in various life situations. Second, “my roles have changed” addressed how OMD has impacted work, home, and social roles. Third, “I accept it and move on” involved finding strategies that help and adopting a different perspective.

Conclusion

We suggest that the management of OMD must take a more holistic approach by addressing consequences beyond the physical symptoms and be tailored to each individual based on his or her personal concerns and goals.
Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Validity for the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale 3.0: Application With Persons With Acquired Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia
Authors: Wambaugh Julie L. , Bailey Dallin J. , Mauszycki Shannon C. , Bunker Lisa D.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This investigation was designed to provide interrater reliability data for the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale 3.0 (ASRS 3.0;
Strand, Duffy, Clark, & Josephs, 2014
). Importantly, ratings were completed by investigators who were not involved with the ASRS development. Another aim was to evaluate the relationship of the ASRS 3.0 total score to word intelligibility.

Method

Two investigators independently completed ASRS 3.0 ratings for 28 participants with chronic apraxia of speech and aphasia. Intelligibility scores were obtained for all participants.

Results

Consistency of ratings for each feature and total score of the ASRS 3.0 was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients. Twelve of 13 intraclass correlation coefficients for feature ratings reached significance; clinical meaningfulness ranged from poor to excellent. Interrater reliability for the total scores was excellent. Similarly, absolute difference of ratings was minimal for the total scores, but varied across the 13 feature ratings. Correlations between the intelligibility scores and ASRS 3.0 total score were moderate to strong.

Conclusion

The total ASRS 3.0 score may be viewed as a reliable indicator of prevalence of apraxia of speech features. Although there was good to acceptable correspondence in ratings of the majority of the individual features, additional operationalization of rating procedures may be needed to improve interrater reliability for a few features.
Effect of Clear Speech on the Duration of Silent Intervals at Syntactic and Phonemic Boundaries in the Speech of Individuals With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Gravelin Anna C. , Whitfield Jason A.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the extent to which individuals with and without Parkinson disease (PD) modified silent interval durations when using a clear speaking style.

Method

Ten individuals with idiopathic PD and 10 older adult control speakers produced a reading passage using both habitual and clear speaking styles. Silent intervals lasting 15 ms and longer were identified and extracted. Each silent interval was categorized according to the surrounding syntactic context of the reading passage. In addition, voiceless stop gaps that occurred within words, phrases, or clauses were categorized by the preceding phonemic context.

Results

Statistical analyses revealed that all participants increased silent interval duration with a clear speaking style at inter-sentence and intra-sentence syntactic boundaries. Compared to controls, individuals with PD exhibited significantly less increase in silent interval durations at these syntactic boundaries. Control speakers also increased silent stop gap durations in the clear speaking style regardless of preceding phonemic context. Individuals with PD, however, only increased stop gap duration when the silent interval was preceded by a sonorant.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that speakers with PD exhibit less clarity-related increase in silent interval duration than control speakers. In addition, speakers with PD exhibited significant increases in silent interval duration that coincided with syntactic boundaries of the reading passage but little to no clarity-related modulation of stop gap intervals. Therefore, these data suggest that speakers with PD exhibited changes in silent interval durations that were more so associated with modulation of speech prosody than articulation when using a clearer speaking style.
Differentiating Typical From Atypical Speech Production in 5-Year-Old Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Sakash Ashley , Broman Aimee Teo , Rathouz Paul J.
Published: July 2019

Objective

Early diagnosis of speech disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is of critical importance. A key problem is differentiating those with borderline or mild speech motor deficits from those who are within an age-appropriate range of variability. We sought to quantify how well functional speech measures differentiated typically developing (TD) children from children with CP.

Method

We studied speech production in 45 children with CP (26 with clinical speech motor impairment [SMI] and 19 with no evidence of speech motor impairment [NSMI]) and in 29 TD children of the same age. Speech elicitation tasks were used. Intelligibility, speech rate, and intelligible words per minute were examined.

Results

All measures differentiated between all 3 groups of children with considerable precision based on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) data. AUC was highest for overall intelligibility, which ranged from .88 to .99. Intelligible words per minute also yielded very strong AUCs, ranging from .81 to .99. In each of the receiver operating characteristic models, discrimination between groups was highest for children with speech motor impairment versus TD children. Data indicated that 90% of TD children had overall intelligibility above 87% at 5 years of age, but that no child was 100% intelligible. Furthermore, 90% children with SMI had intelligibility below 72%.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that functional speech measures differentiate very clearly between children with and without CP and that even children who do not show evidence of speech motor impairment have functional differences in their speech production ability relative to TD peers.
Profiling Speech Sound Disorders for Clinical Validation of the Computer Articulation Instrument
Authors: van Haaften Leenke , Diepeveen Sanne , Terband Hayo , Vermeij Bernadette , van den Engel-Hoek Lenie , de Swart Bert , Maassen Ben
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The current article presents data from 2 studies on clinical groups of children referred for speech assessment. The aims of these studies are to validate the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI) with the known-group validation method and to determine the differential diagnostic power of the resulting speech profiles.

Method

Study 1 examined known-group validity by comparing the scores of 93 children diagnosed with speech-language difficulties on the picture naming (PN) task of the CAI with intelligibility judgments given by speech-language pathologists. In Study 2, the speech profiles of 41 children diagnosed with speech sound disorders (SSDs), consisting of 4–6 factor scores extracted from the 4 tasks of the CAI, namely, PN, nonword imitation (NWI), word and nonword repetition, and maximum repetition rate (MRR), were validated against clinical judgments of severity of the SSD given by speech-language pathologists.

Results

In Study 1, a repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of intelligibility level on the PN performance of the CAI and there were highly significant correlations between intelligibility and PN performance in the expected direction. Neither intelligibility level nor PN performance was related to nonverbal intelligence and language scores. The analysis of variance and a series ofttests in Study 2 revealed significant differences between the moderate and severe groups for the CAI factors based on PN and NWI and the bisyllabic and trisyllabic sequences of MRR, but not for the factor word and nonword proportion of whole-word variability based on word and nonword repetition, and the monosyllabic sequences of MRR. These results suggest that, especially, the tasks PN, NWI, and the bisyllabic and trisyllabic sequences of MRR are most sensitive for diagnosing SSDs.

Conclusions

The findings of these 2 studies support the known-group validity of the CAI. Together with the results of a previous study of our group on reliability and validity (van Haaften et al., 2019), we can conclude that the CAI is a reliable and valid tool for assessment of children with SSDs.
Early Risk Factors and Emotional Difficulties in Children at Risk of Developmental Language Disorder: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: St Clair Michelle C. , Forrest Claire L. , Yew Shaun Goh Kok , Gibson Jenny L.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study evaluated the pathways between developmental language disorder (DLD), psychosocial risk factors, and the development of emotional difficulties from ages 3 to 11 years within the Millennium Cohort Study.

Method

A total of 14,494 singletons (49.4% female) from the Millennium Cohort Study were evaluated within this study. Risk of DLD (rDLD) was defined as age 5 parent-reported language problems and/or −1.5
SD
s on a Naming Vocabulary subtest at the age of 5 years. Children without rDLD formed the general population comparison group. Psychosocial risk factors included 9-month temperamental traits, parental psychological distress, and maternal attachment as well as age 3 emotional regulation abilities, parent–child relationship, and peer problems. The parent report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Emotional Difficulty subscale at 3, 5, 7, and 11 years of age was the outcome variable. The trajectory of emotional difficulties was evaluated within a variable-centered approach and a person-centered approach, using growth mixture modeling.

Results

Children with rDLD (
n
= 884) had increased levels of emotional problems when compared to the general population group (
n
= 13,344). Psychosocial risk factors were increased in children with rDLD, fully mediated the increased emotional difficulties at 3 years, and partially mediated the increased emotional difficulties at 11 years. Children with rDLD were more likely to be included in emotional trajectory subgroups with an increasing pattern of emotional problems. rDLD was an additional risk factor for lower levels of emotional self-regulation and increased peer problems when controlling for the emotional difficulties trajectory subgroup.

Conclusion

This article indicates that the increased emotional difficulties found in children with rDLD are likely a function of early language difficulties influencing other domains of development, specifically social interactions (parent and peer) and emotional self-regulation abilities. Clinically, this reiterates the importance of early identification and treatment of children with language delays or clinical level language disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8323598
Optimized and Predictive Phonemic Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Cler Gabriel J. , Kolin Katharine R. , Noordzij Jacob P. , Vojtech Jennifer M. , Fager Susan K. , Stepp Cara E.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

We empirically assessed the results of computational optimization and prediction in communication interfaces that were designed to allow individuals with severe motor speech disorders to select phonemes and generate speech output.

Method

Interface layouts were either random or optimized, in which phoneme targets that were likely to be selected together were located in proximity. Target sizes were either static or predictive, such that likely targets were dynamically enlarged following each selection. Communication interfaces were evaluated by 36 users without motor impairments using an alternate access method. Each user was assigned to 1 of 4 interfaces varying in layout and whether prediction was implemented (random/static, random/predictive, optimized/static, optimized/predictive) and participated in 12 sessions over a 3-week period. Six participants with severe motor impairments used both the optimized/static and optimized/predictive interfaces in 1–2 sessions.

Results

In individuals without motor impairments, prediction provided significantly faster communication rates during training (Sessions 1–9), as users were learning the interface target locations and the novel access method. After training, optimization acted to significantly increase communication rates. The optimization likely became relevant only after training when participants knew the target locations and moved directly to the targets. Participants with motor impairments could use the interfaces with alternate access methods and generally rated the interface with prediction as preferred.

Conclusions

Optimization and prediction led to increases in communication rates in users without motor impairments. Predictive interfaces were preferred by users with motor impairments. Future research is needed to translate these results into clinical practice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8636948
Examination of Clear Speech in Parkinson Disease Using Measures of Working Vowel Space
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Mehta Daryush D.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was to characterize clear speech production for speakers with and without Parkinson disease (PD) using several measures of working vowel space computed from frequently sampled formant trajectories.

Method

The 1st 2 formant frequencies were tracked for a reading passage that was produced using habitual and clear speaking styles by 15 speakers with PD and 15 healthy control speakers. Vowel space metrics were calculated from the distribution of frequently sampled formant frequency tracks, including vowel space hull area, articulatory–acoustic vowel space, and multiple vowel space density (VSD) measures based on different percentile contours of the formant density distribution.

Results

Both speaker groups exhibited significant increases in the articulatory–acoustic vowel space and VSD
10
, the area of the outermost (10th percentile) contour of the formant density distribution, from habitual to clear styles. These clarity-related vowel space increases were significantly smaller for speakers with PD than controls. Both groups also exhibited a significant increase in vowel space hull area; however, this metric was not sensitive to differences in the clear speech response between groups. Relative to healthy controls, speakers with PD exhibited a significantly smaller VSD
90
, the area of the most central (90th percentile), densely populated region of the formant space.

Conclusions

Using vowel space metrics calculated from formant traces of the reading passage, the current work suggests that speakers with PD do indeed reach the more peripheral regions of the vowel space during connected speech but spend a larger percentage of the time in more central regions of formant space than healthy speakers. Additionally, working vowel space metrics based on the distribution of formant data suggested that speakers with PD exhibited less of a clarity-related increase in formant space than controls, a trend that was not observed for perimeter-based measures of vowel space area.
Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Whitfield Jason A. , Kriegel Zoe , Fullenkamp Adam M. , Mehta Daryush D.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD.

Method

Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition).

Results

Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions.

Conclusions

Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008
X-ray emission in the enigmatic CVSO 30 system
Authors: Czesla S. , Schneider P. C. , Salz M. , Klocová T. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Schmitt J. H. M. M.
Published: July 2019

CVSO 30 is a young, active, weak-line T Tauri star; it possibly hosts the only known planetary system with both a transiting hot-Jupiter and a cold-Jupiter candidate (CVSO 30 b and CVSO 30 c). We analyzed archival ROSAT, Chandra, and XMM-Newton data to study the coronal emission in the system. According to our modeling, CVSO 30 shows a quiescent X-ray luminosity of ≈8 × 1029 erg s−1. The X-ray absorbing column is consistent with interstellar absorption. XMM-Newton observed a flare, during which a transit of the candidate CVSO 30 b was expected, but no significant transit-induced variation in the X-ray flux is detectable. While the hot-Jupiter candidate CVSO 30 b has continuously been undergoing mass loss powered by the high-energy irradiation, we conclude that its evaporation lifetime is considerably longer than the estimated stellar age of 2.6 Myr.
Low-temperature deposition of TiO2by atmospheric pressure PECVD towards photoanode elaboration for perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Perraudeau Amélie , Dublanche-Tixier Christelle , Tristant Pascal , Chazelas Christophe , Vedraine Sylvain , Ratier Bernard
Published: July 2019

An original low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was used to deposit titanium dioxide thin films. The parametric study in dynamic mode deposition aimed at growing an ideal columnar film composed of aligned anatase monocrystals as solar cell photoanode, previously obtained on silicon wafers in static mode deposition. A process parameters optimization was necessary to deposit onto thermally sensitive glass/FTO substrates. In this paper, the morphology, crystallinity and optical transmission of the coatings have been studied. The coatings display a columnar cauliflower-like structure, composed of TiO2amorphous particles assembly. After deposition, the light transmission properties of the substrate were reduced. As a solution, an ultrasound bath cleaning was set up to enhance the transmitted light through the photoanode.
Analysis of the quality of electricity parameters in a wind power station
Authors: Mroczkowska Sandra , Nawrowski Artur , Nawrowski Ryszard , Zielińska Maria
Published: July 2019

The article deals in detail with all indicators of electricity quality related to the operation of wind power stations and interoperation with the power system, such as: static and dynamic voltage variations, voltage fluctuations, harmonics and quality standards of system operators. It includes the presentation of examples of measurement results as well as conclusions formulated as a result of the conducted studies.
Segmentation of brain biomedical images to compute the volume of gliomas
Authors: Kot Estera , Siwek Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an algorithm of segmentation of brain imaging examination results − computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) − to identify, compute, and visualize the brain tumors. Computer software was developed in the MATLAB environment using active contour methods: Edge and Chan-Vese. A review of the current treatment plan for patients with diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme was included to emphasize the significance of the solved problem. The work presents executed steps in the algorithm with a detailed description of thresholding process. Visual results of tumors were performed and presented.
Modified grey wolf method for optimization of PM motors
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an algorithm and computer software for the optimization of electromagnetic devices. The mathematical model of the optimization method was presented. The modification of the classical grey wolf algorithm was developed. The modification consists in decreasing the coefficient responsible for the possibility of migration individuals in the permissible area of solved task. The optimization procedure was elaborated in the Borland Delphi environment. The optimization of the rotor of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor has been carried out. It has been pointed out that the grey wolf algorithm is effective method for optimization of electromagnetic devices.
Maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Frydrychowicz-Jastrzębska Grażyna
Published: July 2019

The subject of the analysis was the optimisation of interoperation between the photovoltaic battery (PV) and DC motor, which drives a fan, with respect to the maximum efficiency of conversion of the electric energy into mechanical energy. Based on the block diagram, a mathematical model of this circuit was developed to ensure the mutual matching between the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the battery and the receiver operation point. A computer simulation of the battery characteristics was conducted taking into account the changing MPP location on the characteristic vs. changes in solar radiation and temperature. The issue was considered for the optimal motor excitation coefficient, both changing and averaged in time. The energy conversion efficiency was determined for selected PV modules, as well as time.
Modified method of identification of mutual fractional-order inductance
Authors: Jakubowska-Ciszek Agnieszka , Walczak Janusz
Published: July 2019

The paper presents a method for identifying the parameters Mγ, γ of a fractional-order transformer, which parameters Lβ1, β1, Lβ2, β2 have been previously determined. This method is based on the measurement of the phase resonance frequency in a few systems containing: the investigated fractional-order transformer and two standard capacitors. The measurements need to be performed only for one series opposite-aiding connection of the fractional-order transformer. The dependencies allowing the determination of the fractional-order mutual inductance parameters have been given
Comparison of unit-step responses of parametric filter and fractional-order filter
Authors: Jakubowska-Ciszek Agnieszka , Piwowar Anna
Published: July 2019

The paper presents transmission models of a parametric filter with non-periodic variable parameters and a fractional-order filter. The responses of these filters on a unit-step excitation have been examined as well as the dependence of filters time constants on their parameters. The obtained results have been illustrated by examples.
Parallel computing applied to auto-tuning of state feedback speed controller for PMSM drive
Authors: Szczepanski Rafal , Tarczewski Tomasz , Grzesiak Lech M.
Published: July 2019

Nowadays the simulation is inseparable part of researcher's work. Its computation time may significantly exceed the experiment time. On the other hand, multi-core processors can be used to reduce computation time by using parallel computing. The parallel computing can be employed to decrease the overall simulation time. In this paper the parallel computing is used to speed-up the auto-tuning process of state feedback speed controller for PMSM drive.
Impact of probability distribution on the uncertainty of resistance measurement
Authors: Szczesny Stanisław , Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk Anna , Świsulski Dariusz
Published: July 2019

The paper presents studies on the influence of probability distributions on the expanded uncertainty of the resistance measurement. Choosing the correct probability distribution is very important to estimate of measurement uncertainty. The paper presents the results of analysis of the resistance measurement uncertainty using the technical method of resistance: 100 GW. The analysis of the uncertainty measurement of resistance was carried out repeatedly, each time assuming a different probability distribution of measuring instruments (normal, quadratic, U and triangular distribution).The results of the research presented in the article show that the influence of the assumed probability distributions on the result of the measurement uncertainty analysis is significant and results discrepancies can reach up to 40%.
The multi-state reliability model of a wind turbine
Authors: Orłowska Agata
Published: July 2019

In coming years it is expected the gradual decarbonisation of the electricity generation sector and its diversification − also in terms of renewable energy sources (RES). One of the aspects of the RES integration is the issue of availability and reliability of their work. Each distributed generation technology has its own specificity of work, which should be reflected in reliability models. In the article, the calculation example concerning the multi-state reliability model of a renewable energy generation unit is presented.
Double hybrid Kalman filtering for state estimation of dynamical systems
Authors: Michalski Jacek , Kozierski Piotr , Zietkiewicz Joanna
Published: July 2019

In this paper authors present a new approaches to the hybrid Kalman filtering and modified hybrid Kalman filtering, with the changed order of methods inside (Unscented Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter). For these algorithms, the modification based on double use of Hybrid Kalman Filters (Excented and Unscented) has been proposed. This new modification has been checked for Hybrid Kalman Particle Filters too, for the variable number of particles. Based on the obtained results, one can see that duplication of hybrid filters can improve the estimation quality.
Optimization of electric field intensities produced by power lines using particle swarm algorithms
Authors: Król Krzysztof , Machczyński Wojciech , Budnik Krzysztof , Szymenderski Jan
Published: July 2019

The paper presents optimization of line parameters in order to reducing the intensity of the electric field with the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulations of the electric field intensity have been curried out for a different heights and distances for a building wall located in the vicinity of a power line.