bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroid phobia among parents of asthmatic children
Authors: Özçeker Deniz , Uçkun Utkucan , İslamova Dürdane , Tamay Zeynep , Güler Nermin
Published: October 2018

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children. Its prevalence and morbidity have been rising in recent decades. Pediatric asthma causes a significant burden on families; allergen-avoidance measures, uncontrolled disease, and disease severity which are the major cost predictors of childhood asthma in Turkey. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are considered as cornerstone medications in asthma management which reduce asthma morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to address corticosteroid phobia in caregivers of asthmatic children and its impact on asthma management. Five hundred caregivers of asthmatic children were interviewed using structured questionnaire in this study. Over fifty percent of the caregivers (56.8%), most of whom (82.6%) are already aware of using corticosteroids in their anti-asthma drug regimen, mentioned that they are afraid of using them. Almost one fourth of caregivers (24.8%) made either some changes in their treatment regimen or stopped using the drugs due to corticophobia. Of the caregivers 55.2% had no idea about the side effects of corticosteroids and only 12.6% of them mentioned that they were informed by their physicians about the effects of corticosteroids. Any change in asthma treatment regimen due to corticophobia was found to be related with poor asthma control level (p: 0.004). The impact of parental information about the effects and importance of steroids given by the physicians on better asthma control was found to be highly significant (p < 0.001). That`s why physicians and health care providers should spend enough time explaining the importance of adherence to treatment in asthma management, which may help in overcoming the fear of using ICS.
Speech delay in toddlers: Are they only `late talkers`?
Authors: Zengin-Akkuş Pınar , Çelen-Yoldaş Tuba , Kurtipek Gökçe , Özmert Elif Nursel
Published: October 2018

Speech delay is prevalent in toddlers. Although some children with speech delay are able to catch up with their peers with time, the delay might be part of a broader condition such as global developmental delay, which requires specific diagnostic work-up. The current study aimed to present the demographic features, developmental profiles of the first 100 preschool-aged children who were seen at Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children`s Hospital-Developmental Pediatrics Unit with parental concern of speech delay. Moreover, risk factors associated with speech delay, possible diagnosis and intervention strategies are documented. Thirty-one of 100 children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and global developmental delay (GDD). The current study presented that 4 out of 5 toddlers exceeded the recommended TV watching time. Moreover, almost one third of children had a poor linguistic home environment. Three parents whose children were diagnosed with ASD or GDD, refused to be reported as `autism spectrum disorder` or `intellectual disability` with the anxiety of labeling their child. As a result, these children were unable to receive special education paid for by the government. This study presented 31 of 100 children needed further diagnostic work up and early intervention. Therefore, pediatricians should not underestimate speech delay. On the other hand, due to the fact that, the regulations to receive special education and therapy often create anxiety for the parents, we think that this system needs to be updated and special education support should be determined by the special needs of each child.
Reliability of ultrasonography and the Alvarado scoring system in acute appendicitis
Authors: Yazar Ahmet Sami , Erdoğan Seher , Şahin Ceyhan , Güven Şirin
Published: October 2018

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, the Alvarado score, mean platelet volume and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department with abdominal pain who were operated on with a preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis were evaluated. The patients who had acute appendicitis diagnosis in the histopathological assessment were considered as the Appendicitis (App) Group, while patients who did not have acute appendicitis according to histopathology were considered as the Non-app Group. Of 200 patients assessed in the study, 137 (68.5%) were male and 63 (31.5%) were female. Of the patients operated on; 170 (85%) had acute appendicitis, while the pathological results of 30 (15%) were not consistent with acute appendicitis. The Alvarado score of the patients in App Group was significantly higher than those in Non-app Group (p=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the Alvarado score and ultrasonography were 60%, 81.18% and respectively, for the diagnosis of appendicitis. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in terms of average white blood cell, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, mean platelet volume and C-reactive protein between the two groups. According to our study the use of Alvarado Scoring System with ultrasonography is more effective and accurative than ultrasonography performing alone. We recommend performing ultrasonography on patients with right lower quadrant pain and suspected appendicitis admitted to the emergency department and to operate on patients with a ultrasonography-supported appendicitis diagnosis and an Alvarado score of 7 and above. Patients with an appendicitis diagnosis not supported by ultrasonography and an Alvarado score lower than 7 should be closely monitored.
日本語教育における読解のスキルアップ（スキル向上）問題及び課題
Authors: Tiyah Fatiyah
Published: October 2018

現在、インドネシアでは日本企業の駐在している日本人の方々は通訳者として採用したインドネシア人の人材に対して不満を抱く。これは、勤務後に能力を磨くよりもやはり語学を学習している間に大学で学習させ、スキル向上させた方が良いであろう。では、言語能力の中にどの能力を中心にし、学習した方が良いかは議論になっている。本研究では4つの言語能力の関係性を解明する。また、能力を向上させる方法に関して研究する。研究方法としては、文献レビューまたは文献研究である。上記の言語能力において4つとも精密な関係性を用いる。その4つのうちに「読解力」が他の能力に大きな影響を与えることが考えられる。また、この「読解力」を向上させるためには、「文法」「語彙」の能力を増やす必要がある。そして、「読書」機会も増やすべきであろう。それによって「文法」や「語彙」以外にも「文化的知識」も増え、「読解力」も向上できるであろうと考えられる。
CERMINAN JIWA CHANOYU DALAM PEPATAH ZEN YANG TERRDAPAT PADA KAKEJIKU
Authors: Suryawati Cicilia Tantri
Published: October 2018

Chanoyu atau biasa juga disebut dengan Sadou atau Chadou dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut Upacara minum Teh adalah kesenian tradisional Jepang yang sarat akan keindahan dan filosofinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna jiwa Chanoyu yang tercermin dalam pepatah bijak Zen pada Kakejiku. Kaligrafi yang ditulis pada Kakejiku memiliki kandungan makna dari pepatah bijak yang digunakan sebagai sarana untuk memahami jiwa chanoyu (Ocha no kokoro) yang terdiri dari  Wa Kei Sei Jaku yang berarti harmoni, respek, murni, dan tenang.Penelitian kualitatif  ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah  pepatah yang mengandung kata “Matsu” (Pinus) yang terdapat pada buku “Ippuku Haiken: Zen no Kotoba, Ocha no Kokoro” karya Chisaka Shugaku yang diterbitkan oleh Tankosha pada tahun 1990, di Tokyo.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa Jiwa Chanoyu “WA” tercermin pada  pepatah厳谷栽松(Gankokusaishou) dan 閑坐聴松風 (Kanzashite Shoufuwo Kiku) mengenai keharmonisan antara manusia dengan manusia, dan manusia dengan lingkungan yang ditujukan untuk Sang Pencipta, juga harmoni dengan diri sendiri sebagai bentuk penemuan akan jati diri.Jiwa Chanoyu “KEI” terdapat pada pepatah 閑坐聴松風 (Kanzashite Shoufuwo Kiku),yang digambarkan dengan melakukan segala sesuatu dengan penuh kehati-hatian yang merupakan bentuk dari sebuah penghormatan. 松無古今色 (Matsu ni Kokon No Iro Nashi) yang menggambarkan suatu kedisiplinan dan ketekunan.Jiwa Chanoyu “SEI” terdapat pada pepatah 閑坐聴松風 (Kanzashite Shoufuwo Kiku), yaitu membuang semua pikiran-pikiran yang tidak baik sehingga menjadikan hati bersih sehingga pertemuan Chanoyu menjadi sebuah kenyamanan.Jiwa Chanoyu “JAKU” terdapat pada pepatah 松無古今色 (Matsu ni Kokon No Iro Nashi) menggambarkan suatu keteguhan dan ketekunan. 松樹千年翠 (Shouju Sennenno Midori) menggambarkan suatu ketenangan, konsentrasi yang tinggi dan tidak terganggu oleh suasana apapun. 閑坐聴松風 (Kanzashite Shoufuwo Kiku) menggambarkan suatu ketenangan dan suasana tentram yang dimunculkan melalui kata pinus dan angin. 松老雲自閑 (Matsu Oite Kumo Onozukara Shizuka) menggambarkan suatu yang tenang dan tak terusik.
Pemanfaatan Lumpur Primer Industri Kertas sebagai Absorben
Authors: Wardhana Krisna Adhitya , Saepulloh Saepulloh , Biantoro Reynaldo
Published: October 2018

The Utilization of Primary Sludge from Paper Mills as AbsorbentAbstractThe primary sludge from paper mill contains cellulose fiber that has high absorption capacity and potential to be used as an absorbent for hydrophobic compounds. The utilization of primary sludge from paper mill using raw material of waste paper and virgin pulp to be used as an absorbent has been conducted. The stages process of absorbent fabrication was consisted of three stages such as drying, mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical process conducted were crushing and grinding methods to increase surface area and pore volume of sludge. Meanwhile silanization process as chemical treatment using solution of γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane in ethanol to improve the hydrophobic properties of primary sludge was also done. Absorbent products were tested for the maximum sorbency, the sorbent performance, absorption of hydrophobic liquid, absorption of hydrophobic dust, and contact angle test to conduct their performance. The absorbency of absorbent product which is covered by cushion material was also tested. Result indicated that the absorption performance of some absorbent product is higher than commercial absorbent on hydrophobic liquid and hydrophobic dust absorption test. But it was lower than commercial absorbent on maximum sorbency and the sorbent performance test. The use of cushion material as a wrapper could make it easy in the collection and could increase the absorbency.Keywords: primary sludge; mechanical; silanization; absorbent; hydrophobic AbstrakLumpur primer dari industri kertas mengandung serat selulosa yang memiliki daya serap tinggi dan memiliki potensi dimanfaatkan sebagai absorben senyawa hidrofobik. Pemanfaatan lumpur primer industri kertas berbahan baku kertas bekas dan virgin pulp sebagai absorben telah dilakukan. Tahapan proses pembuatan absorben dari lumpur primer meliputi proses pengeringan, proses mekanis, dan proses kimia. Proses mekanis yang dilakukan adalah crushing dan grinding untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan dan volume pori-pori lumpur dilanjutkan dengan proses silanisasi (silanization) sebagai perlakuan kimia menggunakan larutan γ-metacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane dalam etanol untuk meningkatkan sifat hidrofobik lumpur. Produk absorben diuji daya serap maksimum (maximum sorbency), kinerja absorben, penyerapan cairan hidrofobik, penyerapan debu hidrofobik, dan pengujian sudut kontak. Daya serap produk absorben yang ditutup bahan bahan cushion juga diuji. Hasil menunjukkan kemampuan absorbsi cairan hidrofobik dan debu hidrofobik dari beberapa perlakuan produk absorben lebih tinggi dari absorben komersial, sedangkan hasil maximum sorbency dan uji kinerja absorben menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dari absorben komersial. Penggunaan bahan cushion sebagai pembungkus dapat memudahkan dalam pengumpulan dan dapat meningkatkan penyerapan.Kata kunci: lumpur primer; mekanis; silanisasi; absorben; hidrofobik
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Dissolving Pulp Serat Panjang dari Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana)
Authors: Purwita Chandra Apriana , Sugesty Susi
Published: October 2018

Preparation and Characterization of Long Fiber Dissolving Pulp from Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana)The need for long fiber dissolving pulp in Indonesia can only be met from imports. Bamboo is a nonwood plant and known as source of long fiber. This research aims to study the potential of spiny bamboo to be used as raw material for producing long fiber dissolving pulp. This research was conducted using two different types of raw materials preparation to produce bamboo chip and decorticated bamboo. The pulping process is carried out by pre-hydrolysis kraft and bleaching performed with two different bleaching sequences, i.e Do ED1 D2 and Do EpD1 D2 . Based on the experimental results, spiny bamboo has good potential to be used as raw material for dissolving pulp. Spiny bamboo belongs to long fibers with an average fiber length of 2.46 mm. The dissolving quality depends on the preparation of the raw material and the bleaching sequence. The yield of spiny bamboo dissolving pulp ranged from 37.97 - 40.76% with alpha cellulose content of 94.88 - 98.67%, and viscosity of 16.43 - 25.75 cP. Decorticated bamboo with bleaching sequence of Do EpD1 D2 produced the highest quality of dissolving pulp with the highest brightness and alpha cellulose were 89.61% ISO and 98.67%, respectively.AbstrakKebutuhan dissolving pulp serat panjang di Indonesia hanya dapat dipenuhi melalui impor. Bambu adalah tanaman nonkayu dan dikenal sebagai sumber serat panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi bambu duri untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp serat panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua jenis persiapan bahan baku yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan serpih bambu dan bambu dekortikasi. Proses pemasakan dilakukan dengan proses pra-hidrolisis kraft dan pemutihan dilakukan dengan dua urutan pemutihan yang berbeda, yaitu  DoED1D2 dan DoEpD1D2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bambu duri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp. Bambu duri tergolong serat panjang dengan panjang serat rata-rata 2,46 mm. Kualitas dissolving pup yang dihasilkan tergantung dari persiapan bahan baku dan urutan pemutihan. Rendemen dissolving pulp bambu duri berkisar 37,97 - 40,76%, dengan kandungan selulosa alfa 94,88 - 98,67%, dan viskositas 16,43 - 25,75 cP. Bambu dekortikasi dengan urutan pemutihan DoEpD1D2 menghasilkan dissolving pulp paling unggul dengan derajat cerah dan selulosa alfa tertinggi berturut-turut 89,61 %ISO dan 98,67%.Kata kunci: dissolving pulp, bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana), serpih bambu, bambu dekortikasi, prahidrolisis kraft
Disorder of the structure and vascularization of the villi of placenta at the preeclampsia
Authors: Shchegolev A I , Tumanova U N , Lyapin V M
Published: October 2018

Preeclampsia is considered one of the most serious diseases of pregnancy and cause serious complications in the mother and fetus. The emergence and development of preeclampsia is due to the violation of placental processes. The literature data on microscopic changes in the structure and vascularization of placental villi in preeclampsia are analyzed. Violations of the structure and vascularization of villi placenta in preeclampsia are noted. This, undoubtedly, indicates their role in the development and progression of this complication of pregnancy. Lower values of the extent, surface area and volume of villi, as well as their degree of vascularization, are registered in observations of early preeclampsia. The ambiguity of the data of morphometric and stereo metric indices of villi, which are available in the literature, is most likely due to the investigation of placentas at various stages of gestation and with varying degrees of severity of preeclampsia. An important link in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and a factor in violations of the villi development is a change in the levels of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, mainly the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. For a complete analysis of the causes and characteristics of preeclampsia is necessary to conduct a comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic examination of the placenta.
Androgen deficiency in women with adrenal insufficiency. Dehydroepiandrosterone. Review
Authors: Nuralieva N F , Yukina M Yu , Troshina E A , Platonova N M
Published: October 2018

It is known that adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a severe life-threatening disease due to the exceptional role of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in the human body. At the same time, according to some reports, the deficit of androgens synthesized by the adrenal cortex (dehydroepiandrosterone - DHEA and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate - DHEAS) is associated with an increased risk of death, including increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, development of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus and malignant neoplasms. The main source of DHEA and DHEAS in females are adrenal glands, so women with hypocorticism have significantly reduced (down to undetectable) levels of these hormones. However, due to lack of a reliable evidence and, accordingly, clinical recommendations, correction of androgen deficiency in patients with AI is usually not performed. The review discusses the accumulated data on the physiological significance of DHEA and DHEAS, their role in the development of various pathological conditions, as well as safety and efficacy of these drugs.
Personified choice of hormonal contraception
Authors: Karakhalis L Yu
Published: October 2018

The individual choice of prolonged contraception, and qualified consultation reduce possible risks in its application (these literatures and own experience).
Reliability of independent kinetic variables and measures of inter-limb asymmetry associated with bilateral drop-landing performance
Authors: Howe Louis Philip , North Jamie , Waldron Mark , Bampouras Theodoros
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to establish the within-session reliability for peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), time to peak vGRF, and loading rate, both unilaterally and bilaterally, during a drop-landing task as well as the reliability of inter-limb asymmetry in peak vGRF. Twenty-two men (age = 22 ± 4 years; height = 180.4 ± 6.1 cm; mass = 77.9 ± 14.0 kg) and 17 women (age = 20.4 ± 3.6 years; height = 164.6 ± 9.4 cm; mass = 60.3 ± 9.8 kg) volunteered for a single testing session. Participants completed three maximum countermovement jumps (CMJ) to establish maximum jump height before performing five bilateral drop-landings from 50%, 100%, and 150% of their maximum CMJ height. The bilateral drop-landing protocol was then repeated after a 10 min recovery. Systematic bias, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV%) and minimal detectable change (MDC) values for each kinetic measurement was calculated for the left and right leg, as well as their average. There was no systematic bias present between trials (P > 0.05). All kinetic measurements showed relative reliability, ranging from large to near perfect (ICC = 0.57–0.95). Absolute reliability ranged considerably depending on the measure and drop-height, with peak vGRF and time to peak GRF showing the greatest reliability at higher drop heights (CV% = 6.6–9.7%). Loading rate for all drop heights demonstrated CV% ranging 13.0–27.6%. Furthermore, MDC values for inter-limb asymmetries in peak vGRF ranged between 14.5–16.2% for all drop heights. Overall, many of the kinetic measurements evaluated were sufficiently reliable to detect typical changes in bilateral drop-landing performance when greater drop heights were used.
Sporting events among the disabled between excellence and ideal in motor performance
Authors: Abdelkader Guebli , Madani Reguieg , Adel Belkadi , Bouabdellah Sbaa
Published: October 2018

The identification of mechanical variables in the motor performance trajectory has a prominent role in improving skill performance, error-exceeding, it contributes seriously to solving some problems of learning and training. The study Aims to highlight the indicators of motor performance for Paralympic athletes during the practicing sports between modelling and between excellences in motor performance, this by taking into account the distinction of athlete practicing with special behavioral skills for the Paralympic athletes. In the study we relied on the analysis of some previous research of biomechanical performance indicators during some of the events sports (shooting activities in the Paralympic athletics, shooting skill in the wheelchair basketball). The results of the study highlight the distinction of disabled practitioners of sporting events identified in motor performance during practice, by overcoming some physics indicators in human movement, as a lower centre of body weight, Increase in offset distance, such resistance which requires them to redouble their efforts. However, the results of the study highlighted the strength of the correlation between biomechanical variables of motor performance and the digital level achievement similar to the other practitioners normal.
Automatic system with artificial vision for grading multiple choice written tests for educational institutions ruled by the LOEI
Authors: Jumbo-Herrera Ricardo , Labanda-Jaramillo Milton
Published: October 2018

This project develops a solution to the different problems that arise in the optical character recognition (OCR) in the field of education, specifically in the teaching area, focused on the recognition of characters in answer sheets, which are obtained from the application of written evaluations on a structured basis. To be implemented, Tesseract was used as the library for character recog- nition, for being robust, powerful and for the ability to be trained, also it uses leptony as an OCR algorithm; the main problems are shown when recognizing the answer sheets, as well as a series of methods for correcting characters and techniques that allowed obtaining a better result. Finally, results are shown among a sample of 100 students of an educational institution in which the effec- tiveness of the system was tested.
Biosintesis Nanopartikel Perak menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Ketapang, Modifikasi dengan Asam p-kumarat untuk Aplikasi Deteksi Melamin
Authors: Rusnaenah Andi , Zakir Muhammad , Budi Prastawa
Published: October 2018

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using ketapang leaf extract, modification with p-coumaric acid for detecting melamine has conducted. This research aimed to synthesize AgNPs via bio-reduction method using ketapang leaf extract followed by modification with p-coumaric acid (APK), and evaluating its application detecting melamine. The AgNPs were characterized through ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Observation suggested that an increase of incubation time had affected its surface Plasmon resonance trend. Further analysis of crystallite via XRD suggested that nanoparticle size at 43 nm estimated using Debye-Scherer, within the form of unit cells is cubic. The performance of product as melamine detector suggested that the AgNPs-APK had detected melamine in range of concentration from 0.1 to 1000 ppm.
Uji Fitokimia dan Toksisitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Batang Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia dengan Metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT)
Authors: Ahmad Fauziah , Soekamto Nunuk H. , Firdaus Firdaus
Published: October 2018

Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia is plant species included in Malvaceae family. This spesies is known as paliasa and used as traditional medicine by the people of South Sulawesi. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolites by reagents and toxicity characteristic testing from bark extract of Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia using Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The extract was prepeared by maceration ethyl acetate. Phytochemical test result showed that the ethyl acetate extract was containing the steroid compound, alkaloids and terpenoids. Toxicity test performed by shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae was at 48 hours. The toxic effects of the extract were identified by the percentage of the number of shrimp larvae mortality using probit value analysis (LC50). The toxicity test of bark Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf. var. Visenia extract showed that the ethyl acetate extract is toxic to A. salina  LC50 = 54,55 mg / mL.
Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Atsiri Dari Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Sebagai Antijamur Candida albicans
Authors: Risnawaty Risnawaty , Nurliana Laily , Kurniawati Desy
Published: October 2018

Microencapsulation of essential oils from nilam plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth) for antifungal of Candida albicans was carried out. The aims of this study were to know of chemical components, characteristics, and activity test of nilam plants as well as the result test of microencaptulation as antifungal of C. albicans. Nilam essential oils was obtained by using water-vapor destilation with the rendament of 0.88%. Charateristics of nilam essential oils obtained produced are density of 0.947 mg/L, refractive index of 1.506, acid number of 1.122, and dissolved in alcohol 70 and 90% has conducted by Indonesia National Standar. Microencapsulation of nilam essential oils by using spray drying method with the various of  the wrapper material of nilam essential oils:maltodextrin (1:12;1:10;1:8) produced  solid powders with sticky texture and creamy which giving a spesific aroma of nilam oils. The activity test of antifungal of  C. albicans test on liquid essential oil any diffence significantly each various of concentration of 12,5; 25; 50; and 100%. The activity of microcapsule showed that the difference specifically on various of concentrations of 1:12; 1:10 and 1:8 with the good activity power is composition of 1:12. Activity test result showed is any difference significantly between nilam oils and microcapsule.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Kondisi Hidrolisis Terhadap Hasil Isolasi Nanokristalin Selulosa Dari Bonggol Jagung
Authors: Purwanti Endah , Dampang Sarah
Published: October 2018

Cellulose is one of the largest components in corncobs. Cellulose was obtained from corncob in this research that has a yield of 19.6% of 20 grams of corncob powder. The isolated cellulose was characterized by using FTIR and SEM. Cellulose has crystalline chain and insoluble in water or organic solvents. The molecular chain of cellulose is linear and has intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. One way for cellulose to be easy in the treatment of applications, is to convert microcrystalline cellulose into nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose can be obtained by several methods, one of them by acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of cellulose by using sulfuric acid produces nanocrystalline cellulose. Nanocrystalline cellulose can be characterized by using TEM and PSA analysis. CNC 60 has a particle size distribution with a diameter range of 14.3 nm - 45.0 nm and an average diameter of 17.4 nm. Whereas cellulose with CNC 90 has a smaller particle size distribution with a diameter range of 10.0 nm - 17.1 nm and an average diameter of 11.9 nm.
Produksi DAG Dari Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Melalui Reaksi Trans-Esterifikasi Menggunakan Enzim Lipase Dedak Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Spesifik C18-20 Terimobilisasi Karbon Aktif Sebagai Biokatalis
Authors: Dali Seniwati , Firdaus Firdaus , Rusman Hendra J.
Published: October 2018

This research aims to produce DAG of the VCO through the substrate reaction of trans-esterification using lipase enzymes specifically C18-20 from rice bran (Oryza Sativa L.) immobiled of activated carbon as a catalyst. Phases of this research starts with the enzyme lipase do immobile using activated carbon; next enzymes of immobile used to produce DAG through the trans-esterification reaction using a VCO as a substrate and methanol as ko-substrate; DAG and methyl ester produced identified using FTIR instrument and GC-MS instruments. The results showed that there were three compounds DAG and three compound methyl ester produced trans-esterification reaction, namely (1) 1-laurin, 3-heksanoin esters of glycerol; (2) 2-laurin, 3-oktanoin esters of glycerol; (3) 1-laurin, 3-heksanoin esters of glycerol; (4) methyl ester oleic; (5) methyl ester stearic acids; and (6) methyl ester arachidat.
Pengaruh Pemanasan Basah Dengan Autoklaf Terhadap Aktifitas Senyawa Toxalbumin Pada Biji Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd)
Authors: Mamang Mamang , Bilang Mariyati , Salengke Salengke
Published: October 2018

In addition to nutritional and non-nutritional content, candlenut also contains toxalbumin, toxic compound that can inhibit protein synthesis. This study aims to inhibit toxalbumin activity in candlenut through moist heating treatment, using hemagglutination method. Defatted candlenut powder was being treated under moist heating using autoclave at the temperature of 121oC for 5,10, 15 and 20 minutes followed by oven heating at the temperature of 70oC for 7 hours and control, continued by dry heating using oven at the temperature of 70oC for 7 hours and extraction using 0.15 M NaCl at room temperature then precipitated using ammonium suplhate (60%) at room temperature for 4 hours. Supernatant was dialyzed with water and 0.15 M NaCl for 1 night each then being freeze dried. 1 g of obtained protein fraction was purified in Sephadex G-75 (10 cm x 1.0 cm) column. Resulted extract was re-dried using freeze dryer for hemagglutination test towards A, B, AB and O blood types. The result shows that toxalbumin acitivities were inhibited by moist heating in autoclave at the temperature of 121oC for 10 minutes followed by drying in oven 70oC for 7 hours.
Imobilisasi Asam Humat Pada Kitin Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Adsorben Cr(III)
Authors: Sehol Muhamad , Juari Santosa Sri , Siswanta Dwi
Published: October 2018

Immobilization of humic acid on chitin has been conducted and applied to the adsorption of Cr(III). The humic acid was isolated using NaOH 0.1 M, while chitin was isolated by deproteination of crab shells by using NaOH 3.5 % (w/v) and followed by demineralization using HCl 1 M. Chitin obtained from ambient-temperature-dried crab shell is named as chitin I, and crab shell washed by HOCl solution and followed by drying at ambient temperature is named chitin II. The total acidity of the humic acid was 230.95 cmol/kg, and it was distributed into the acidity of COOH 168.75 cmol/kg, and phenolic-OH 62.20 cmol/kg. Adsorbent A with chitin I as the main material and adsorbent B with chitin II as the main material, resulted the adsorbed humic acid of 9.25 and 1.68% (w/w), respectively. Adsorption of Cr(III) was maximum at pH 5, with rate of constants orde of chitin II>adsorbent B>adsorbent A>chitin I, i.e. 0.3509; ; 0.2488; 0.1553; 0.0568 minute-1, respectively. The capacity of adsorption was in the orde of chitin I>adsorbent B>chitin II>adsorbent A, i.e. 944.77; 912.53; 895.37; 893.81 mg/g, respectively. The energy of adsorption of Cr(III)  of chitin II>chitin I>adsorbent A>adsorbent B, i.e. 22.932; 20,945; 20.312; 19.615 kJ/mol, respectively.
Biosorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu2+) Pada Biosorben Rumput Laut Coklat (Padina australis)
Authors: Bijang Catherina M. , Latupeirissa Jolantje , Ratuhanrasa Marike
Published: October 2018

The research on the biosorption of Cu2+ metal ions in brown seaweed biosorbent (Padina australis) has been done. This study aims to determine moisture content, ash content, biomass content, pH and optimum contact time of Cu2+  metal ions absorption pH and optimum contact time of Cu2+  metal ions absorption. The method used is batch method. The adsorption result of Cu2+ metal ions was analyzed  by  using  atomic  absorption  spectrophotometer  (AAS).  The  results showed that the optimum pH was 7 with 99.8308 % absorption ability of biosorbent and the optimum contact time was 5 hours with 99.5570 % biosorbent absorbency.
Isolasi Kitosan Dari Tudung Jamur Merang (Vollvariella Volvaceae) Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Absorben Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Tanasale Matheis F.J.D.P. , Bandjar Adriani , Sewit Natasya
Published: October 2018

Chitosan isolated from mushroom (Vollariella volvaceae) as adsorbent of lead (Pb) metal has been done.  The isolation of chitosan was obtained 2.94% from total weight of mushroom.  Fungtional groups of chitin and chitosan were indentified by using FTIR spectrophotometry.  The chitosan had 74.66% degree of deacetylation and 2.09 x 104 g/mol viscosity molecular weight.  The experimental data of the chitosan as adsorbent for Pb metal were correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model.  The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb based on the Langmuir isotherm model was 2.66 mg/g.
Organizational Image Repair Tactics and Crisis Type: Implications for Crisis Response Strategy Effectiveness
Authors: Gribas John , DiSanza James , Legge Nancy , Hartman Karen
Published: October 2018

Existing models of organizational crisis response effectiveness provide useful insights but are limited in terms of offering a guide for practitioners dealing with actual crisis situations. This analysis examines the relative effectiveness of image repair tactics based on differences in root causes of crisis events. Results suggest that certain image repair tactics are seen as the most and the least effective regardless of crisis type. At the same time, there were some differences across crisis types that could guide practitioner tactic choices. Limited results here and in past research raise questions about whether image repair tactic effectiveness can be usefully mapped to situational variables, such as audience or crisis type. This article concludes with discussion on this matter and suggestions for future research.
Revisiting STREMII: Social Media Crisis Communication During Hurricane Matthew
Authors: Stewart Margaret , Young Cory
Published: October 2018

Social media platforms influence the flow of information and technologically mediated communication during a storm. In 2015, Stewart and Wilson introduced the STREMII (pronounced STREAM-ee) as a six-phase model for social media crisis communication in an eff ort to assist institutions and organizations during unanticipated events, using the crisis of Hurricane Sandy as an applied example. Since the inception of the model, several advancements in social media strategy have revealed the opportunity for further development. This current work presents a revision of the original model, emphasizing the need for ongoing social listening and engagement with target audiences. These aspects of the revised model are discussed in interpersonal and organizational contexts related to examples of social media use during the October 2016 Atlantic Hurricane Matthew.
STUDI PENCAMPURAN SERAT ECENG GONDOK SISTEM HOT ROLLED SHEET BC SPESIFIKASI SEKSI-6 : 2010 BINA MARGA
Authors: Prasetyo Heru , Arif Samsul
Published: October 2018

HRS-BC (Hot Roller Sheet) is a type of flexible pavement construction because it uses asphalt as a binder between the aggregates. This study uses water hyacinth as a substitute for cellulose fiber in the mixture of HRS-BC. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of water hyacinth cellulose fiber in HRS mixture to the Marshall characteristics. This research uses trial and error method, resulting 7.19 % asphalt content to the total aggregate weight with the variation of cellulose fibers are 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7%. Marshall Test is performed to determine the effect of adding the cellulose fiber in the mixture to the components of Marshall Properties, for example Marshall Stability, % of Void Filed With Asphalt (VFWA), % of Void in The Mix (VIM), Plastic Fatigue (Flow), and Marshall Quotient (MQ).The result of this study is Marshall evaluation where the greatest score is obtained for stability of 1601 kg, flow of 4.60 mm, Quotient Marshall of 375.44 kg/mm, VMA of 20.45%, VFWA of 86.79 %, and VIM score of 4.19 %. It shows that the best cellulose fiber content is 3 % of asphalt level of 7,19 % and has been in accordance with Bina Marga 2010 Division 6 specification and can be used in asphalt mixture of HRS-BC.
SERAT ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF ADMIXTURE PADA LASTON TIPE XI SNI 03-1737-1989 DITINJAU TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI UJI MARSHALL
Authors: Intanti Errine Yulia Rizqi , Lubis Zulkifli
Published: October 2018

In Indonesia, the road construction has experienced a fairly good development. From a wide range of road constructions, flexible pavement is the most chosen one because its characteristics: easy, fast, and efficient. However, flexible pavement has many weaknesses, for example the premature damage on the road surface after some time passed by the traffic so that the road cannot reach the planned age. For that, it is done a research to add a hot asphalt mixture material that aims to improve the quality of the mixture results. The selected ingredient is natural water hyacinth. The method used is trial and error with reference of SNI 03-1737-1989. Variations used are 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the asphalt weight, asphalt level used is 5.72 %. Of the 5 variations of mixture used on Type XI Asphalt Concrete Layer, it is obtained the result that the water hyacinth fiber level which has the best score and meet the specifications of SNI 03-1737-1989 is on the percentage of 6% which obtained from calculation data using graphs and regression model where Marshall Stability is equal to 644,46 Kg, flow 3,39 mm, VMA (voids in the mineral aggregate) is equal to 13,83 %, VFWA (voids filled with asphalt) is equal to 65,35%, VIM (voids in the mix) is equal to 2,52 %, density of 2.31 gr/cc, and Marshall Quotient of 164.03 Kg / mm.
Translating, Adapting and Testing The Indonesian version of Evidence-based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ)
Authors: Fajarini Melati , Rahayu Sri , Setiawan Agus
Published: October 2018

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) increases quality of care. However, its practice in Indonesia is still uncovered. A measure on EBP is then needed to acquire the EBP profile in Indonesia. The Upton and Upton’s EBPQ is utilized to measure the perception of health workers on their EBP’s knowledge, attitude and practice. This questionnaire is widely known; however, the Indonesian version is yet available. Therefore, a reliable Indonesian version of EBPQ is imperative. Objectives: This study aimed to translate EBPQ into Indonesian language, adapt, and evaluate its reliability. Methods: The WHO’s framework on translation and adoption process of instrument was assigned in this study. 24 items in 3 subscales of EBPQ was translated forward, discussed with experts then translated backward, pretested and finalized. The reliability test was conducted towards a total of 20 doctors and nurses at three hospitals in West Java, Indonesia and were calculated using the SPSS software. Results: 12 changes of words and the psychometric scale were applied in the Indonesian version of EBPQ. The 4 pairs of questions in the attitude subscale were separated into 8 independent questions, although only 4 of them reliable. The Cronbach’s of total items valued 0.92 with 0.81, 0.74 and 0.94 for practice, attitude, and knowledge, respectively. Thus, a total of 24 reliable questions were finalized in this version. Conclusions: The Indonesian version of EBPQ is reliable. Further study on the attitude subscale and psychometric scale are necessary.
What does the cognitive reflection test really measure: A process dissociation investigation.
Authors: McPhetres Jonathon
Published: October 2018

The cognitive reflection test (CRT) is a series of brain-teaser type questions believed to measure intuitive versus reflective thinking. However, those measures are confounded by the single-continuum scoring method whereby a decrease in reflective thinking also results in a simultaneous increase in intuitive thinking, making interpretation of the scores difficult. This confound also precludes testing of the relation between the two processes—whether intuition and reflection operate in serial or in parallel. The present studies directly address these limitations using process dissociation (PD) to quantify and manipulate each process independently. If the CRT measures both intuition and reflection then using PD to isolate each score should provide unique information about each process and allow for testing of models describing the relation between the two processes. However, results of four studies (two preregistered) call in to question whether the CRT actually measures intuition (studies 1-3) and provides some limited evidence for a serial processing model of cognition (studies 3-4). Moving forward, it is recommended that researchers 1) consider alternative measures of cognitive reflection, 2) are cognizant of the phrasing used when describing intuitions as inferred from the CRT, and 3) move towards various conceptual measures of intuition.
Enhanced cognitive flexibility in the semi-nomadic Himba
Authors: Pope Sarah , Fagot Joel , Meguerditchian Adrien , Washburn David , Hopkins William D.
Published: October 2018

Through codified rule-use humans can accurately solve many problems. Yet, mechanized strategies can also be costly. After adopting a solution strategy, humans often become blind to alternatives, even when those alternatives are more efficient. Termed cognitive set, this failure to switch from a familiar strategy to a better alternative has been considered universally human. Yet, our understanding of this phenomenon is derived almost exclusively from Western subjects. In this study, we used the nonverbal Learned Strategy-Direct Strategy (LS-DS) touch screen task in which subjects are presented with an opportunity to either use a learned strategy or a more efficient, but novel, shortcut. We found that the remote, seminomadic Himba of northern Namibia exhibited enhanced shortcut-use on the LS-DS task, challenging the claim that cognitive set affects humans universally. Additionally, we found that altering subjects’ conceptualization of the shortcut as a viable option significantly enhanced its subsequent use in Western but not Himba participants. We discuss how other aspects of cultural variation, namely environmental uncertainty and educational background, might contribute to the observed cross-cultural differences in flexible strategy-use.
Tata Busana Julid 1 Kelas 10
Authors: Ernawati
Published: October 2018

Kelompok unit kompetensi inti/utama terdiri dari menggambar busana, mengukur tubuh pelanggan sesuai dengan desain, membuat pola busana dengan teknik konstruksi, membuat pola busana dengan teknik konstruksi diatas kain, membuat pola busana dengan teknik drapping, membuat pola busana dengan teknik kombinasi, memilih bahan baku busana sesuai dengan desain, melakukan pengepresan, menjahit dengan tangan dan menjahit dengan mesin (Sewing), memotong (Cutting) dan penyelesaian busana (Finishing) menyiapkan tempat kerja yang ergonomik serta mampu menerapkan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja ditempat kerja.Buku ini disusun untuk memenuhi tuntutan KTSP dan SKKNI dibidang keahlian Tata Busana. Penulis telah berusaha agar buku ini dapat memenuhi tuntutan tersebut di atas, juga dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa SMK secara umum dan masyarakat pencinta busana secara khusus. Buku ini ditulis dengan bahasa yang jelas dan keterangan yang rinci sehingga mudah dimengerti baik oleh guru maupun oleh siswa
Tata Busana Julid 3 Kelas 10
Authors: Ernawati
Published: October 2018

Kelompok unit kompetensi inti/utama terdiri dari menggambar busana, mengukur tubuh pelanggan sesuai dengan desain, membuat pola busana dengan teknik konstruksi, membuat pola busana dengan teknik konstruksi diatas kain, membuat pola busana dengan teknik drapping, membuat pola busana dengan teknik kombinasi, memilih bahan baku busana sesuai dengan desain, melakukan pengepresan, menjahit dengan tangan dan menjahit dengan mesin (Sewing), memotong (Cutting) dan penyelesaian busana (Finishing) menyiapkan tempat kerja yang ergonomik serta mampu menerapkan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja ditempat kerja.Buku ini disusun untuk memenuhi tuntutan KTSP dan SKKNI dibidang keahlian Tata Busana. Penulis telah berusaha agar buku ini dapat memenuhi tuntutan tersebut di atas, juga dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa SMK secara umum dan masyarakat pencinta busana secara khusus. Buku ini ditulis dengan bahasa yang jelas dan keterangan yang rinci sehingga mudah dimengerti baik oleh guru maupun oleh siswa
Legal Obligation and its Limits
Authors: Atiq Emad H.
Published: October 2018

Judges decide cases by appeal to rules of general application they deem to be law. If a candidate rule resolves the case and is, ex ante and independently of the judge’s judgment, the law, then the judge has a legal obligation to declare it as such and follow it. That, at any rate, is conventional wisdom. Yet the principle is false—a rule’s being law or the judge’s believing it to be law is neither necessary nor even sufficient for a judge being legally obliged to follow it. The principle’s falsity is especially apparent in so-called hard cases, where the line between legal and non-legal rules is obscure. Moreover, judges have authority to disregard law in hard cases not because moral (or non-legal) obligations trump legal obligations. Rather, the law itself circumscribes its own authority. The implications for legal philosophy are significant; for one, a theory of juridical norms can be developed independently of the precise boundaries of legality.
Education Rights and Wrongs: Publicly Funded Vouchers, State Constitutions, and Education Death Spirals
Authors: Heise Michael
Published: October 2018

42 Fordham Urban Law Journal 745 (2015).A response to Julie F. Mead, The Right to an Education or the Right to Shop for Schooling: Examining Voucher Programs in Relation to State Constitutional Guarantees, 42 FORDHAM URB. L.J. 703 (2015).
Phytoplankton abundance and barnacle size (full paper published in 2019 in PeerJ 7: article e6892)
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo Augusto , Ellrich Julius A.
Published: October 2018

Benthic–pelagic coupling refers to the ecological relationships between benthic and pelagic environments. Studying such links is particularly useful to understand biological variation in intertidal organisms along marine coasts. Filter-feeding invertebrates are ecologically important on marine rocky shores, so they have often been used to investigate benthic–pelagic coupling. Most studies, however, have been conducted on eastern ocean boundaries. To evaluate benthic–pelagic coupling on a western ocean boundary, we conducted a 5-year study spanning 415 km of the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (Canada). We hypothesized that the summer size of intertidal barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides) recruited in the preceding spring would be positively related to the nearshore abundance (biomass) of phytoplankton, as phytoplankton constitutes food for the nauplius larvae and benthic stages of barnacles. Every year between 2014 and 2018, we measured summer barnacle size in clearings created before spring recruitment on the rocky substrate at eight wave-exposed locations along this coast. We then examined the annual relationships between barnacle size and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. For every year and location, we used satellite data to calculate Chl-a averages for a period ranging from the early spring (when most barnacle larvae were in the water) to the summer (when barnacle size was measured after weeks of growth following spring benthic recruitment). The relationships were always positive, Chl-a explaining nearly half, or more, of the variation in barnacle size in four of the five studied years. These are remarkable results because they were based on a relatively limited number of locations (which often curtails statistical power) and point to the relevance of pelagic food supply to explain variation in intertidal barnacle size along this western ocean boundary coast.
The case of muddled units in temporal discounting
Authors: Vincent Benjamin Thomas , Stewart Neil
Published: October 2018

While parameters are crucial components of cognitive models, relatively little importance has been given to their units. We show that this has lead to some parameters to be contaminated, introducing an artifactual correlation between them. We also show that this has led to the illegal comparison of parameters with different units of measurement – this may invalidate parameter comparisons across partic- ipants, conditions, groups, or studies. We demonstrate that this problem affects two related models: Stevens’ Power Law and Rachlin’s delay discounting model. We show that it may even affect models which superficially avoid the incompatible units problem, such as hyperbolic discounting. We present simulation results to demonstrate the extent of the issues caused by the muddled units problem. We offer solutions in order to avoid the problem in the future or to aid in re-interpreting existing datasets.