bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Profesionalisme Terhadap Keterlambatan Proyek Konstruksi (Studi Kasus Proyek Kantor X di Surabaya)
Authors: Santosa Angelina Tjandra , Setiadji Julius Sentosa , Lesmana Aditya Lazuardi
Published: January 2025

Pada umumnya suatu proyek konstruksi memiliki rencana dan jadwal pelaksanaan untuk membatasi waktupenyelesaian pekerjaan proyek. Namun tidak jarang rencana dan jadwal pelaksanaan yang telah dibuat tidak sesuai dengankenyataan di lapangan, sehingga mengakibatkan keterlambatan dalam penyelesaian proyek. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh profesionalisme terhadap keterlambatan proyek di proyek Kantor X di Surabaya. Metode penelitian yangdilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan induktif, yang terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapatkan darihasil wawancara, kuisioner, dan pengamatan langsung, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur yang mendukung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara profesionalisme dengan keterlambatan proyek. Faktor-faktor yangmenjadi penyebab utama yang memengaruhi keterlambatan penyelesaian proyek pembangunan Kantor X di Surabaya yaitukurangnya pengalaman owner dalam bidang konstruksi, konsultan yang kurang memahami kebutuhan owner, dan kurangnyamanajemen proyek dan pengawasan oleh kontraktor. Dari faktor-faktor keterlambatan yang telah didapat disarankan beberapaalternatif penyelesaian agar semua pihak dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme dan mencegah keterlambatan proyek.
Location, location: understanding the metastatic microenvironment
Authors: Erez Neta
Published: July 2023

Mortality from cancer is almost exclusively a result of tumor metastasis. Since advanced metastatic cancers are incurable, understanding the biology of tumor metastasis is one of the most significant challenges in cancer research today. A large body of research had established the central role of the microenvironment in facilitating tumor growth. However, the role of the metastatic microenvironment in supporting the multistage process of metastasis is still largely unresolved. To thrive at the metastatic site, disseminated cancer cells must adapt to distinct organ‐specific microenvironments that exert unique cellular and molecular interactions to oppose or support the growth of metastatic cancer cells. Understanding these intricate interactions is key to the development of effective therapeutic strategies that may prevent metastatic relapse.
Microstructure Control of LiCoO2‐Li10GeP2S12 Composite Cathodes by Adjusting the Particle Size Distribution for the Enhancement of All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Watanabe Kenta , Kim Han‐Seul , Suzuki Kota , Hori Satoshi , Kanno Ryoji , Hirayama Masaaki
Published: July 2023

Microstructure control of composite electrodes comprising active materials and solid electrolytes is imperative to achieve sufficient ion‐ and electron‐conductive pathways for the development of all‐solid‐state Li ion batteries. Here, we synthesized Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes with various particle size distributions by milling and filtering. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the ionic conductivities in the bulk were hardly changed by the synthetic processes. This enabled us to investigate only the microstructure effects on the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes. Microscopic and electrochemical tests of the LiCoO2‐Li10GeP2S12 composite cathodes clarified that the size distributions of the Li10GeP2S12 drastically affected the microstructures in the composite cathodes, such as contacts at interfaces and voids between particles. The size distributions also contributed to the appropriate ratio of LiCoO2 to Li10GeP2S12 for superior charge/discharge properties. The (de)intercalation reversibly proceeded in the composite cathode using the filtered Li10GeP2S12 even though the ratio of Li10GeP2S12 decreased from 50 % to 30 % in volume. This study demonstrated the possibility of high‐energy‐density composite cathodes for all‐solid‐state batteries by control of microstructures in composite electrodes.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework and Its Application as Heterogeneous Catalysis for C−H Arylation of Azoles
Authors: Li Wen‐Jing , Chen Yu‐Xuan , Kang Shi‐Long , Mo Li‐Ping , Zhang Zhan‐Hui
Published: July 2023

A novel triazine‐based covalent organic framework (TFPT‐Bz COF) has been constructed by the condensation of 2,4,6‐tris(5‐formyl‐2‐pyridinoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TFPT) and benzidine (BZ) with deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the reaction medium. After the introduction of Pd ions through strong coordination to TFPT‐Bz COF matrix, the constructed TFPT‐Bz COF/Pd composite exhibited excellent catalytic activity for C−H arylation of azoles with aryl halides in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. The protocol allows the arylation of a variety of substituted azoles with diverse aryl halides in high to excellent yield. Moreover, the TFPT‐Bz COF/Pd catalyst can be recycled several times without significantly reducing its activity.
Synthesis of Hierarchical CdS/NiS Photocatalysts Using Ni−MOF‐74 as Template for Efficient Ethanol Conversion and Hydrogen Production under Visible Light
Authors: Niu Lu , Miao Jingjing , Wang Hongxia , Zhang Wanggang , Liu Lei , Wang Jian , Liu Yiming
Published: July 2023

The conversion of ethanol into high‐valuable chemicals and H2 by photocatalytic process provides a sustainable approach to produce carbon‐chain‐prolonged chemicals and hydrogen energy. In this article, Ni−MOF‐74 was added to fabricate the hierarchical CdS/NiS−N composites with an elevated specific surface area during the hydrothermal synthesis of CdS microsphere, and the Ni−MOF‐74 facilitate the self‐assemble growth of CdS and provide a source of Ni for the formation of NiS. The as‐prepared photocatalyst was subjected to photocatalytic ethanol conversion, and the hierarchical composite material CdS/NiS−N (100) formed by adding 100 mg of Ni−MOF‐74 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity and stability in an ethanol aqueous solution with a water content of 10 %. Under visible light irradiation, the conversion rate of ethanol reached 15.2 % at the photocatalytic reaction of 5 h. The selectivity of 2,3‐butanediol(2,3‐BDO) was 25 %, and the selectivity of acetaldehyde(AA) was 63 %. Through various characterizations, it has been proven that a large specific surface area and the coupling interface between CdS and NiS are key factors in improving photocatalytic performance. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing photocatalysts with coupled cocatalysts/semiconductors and large specific surface areas.
Computational homogenization of histological microstructures in human prostate tissue: Heterogeneity, anisotropy and tension‐compression asymmetry
Authors: Anderson Calum , Ntala Chara , Ozel Ali , Reuben Robert L. , Chen Yuhang
Published: July 2023

Human prostatic tissue exhibits complex mechanical behaviour due to its multiphasic, heterogeneous nature, with hierarchical microstructures involving epithelial compartments, acinar lumens and stromal tissue all interconnected in complex networks. This study aims to establish a computational homogenization framework for quantifying the mechanical behaviour of prostate tissue, considering its multiphasic heterogeneous microstructures and the mechanical characteristics of tissue constituents. Representative tissue microstructure models were reconstructed from high‐resolution histology images. Parametric studies on the mechanical properties of the tissue constituents, particularly the fibre‐reinforced hyper‐elasticity of the stromal tissue, were carried out to investigate their effects on the apparent tissue properties. These were then benchmarked against the experimental data reported in literature. Results showed significant anisotropy, both structural and mechanical, and tension‐compression asymmetry of the apparent behaviours of the prostatic tissue. Strong correlation with the key microstructural indices such as area fractions of tissue constituents and the tissue fabric tensor was also observed. The correlation between the stromal tissue orientation and the principal directions of the apparent properties suggested an essential role of stromal tissue in determining the directions of anisotropy and the compression‐tension asymmetry characteristics in normal human prostatic tissue. This work presented a homogenization and histology‐based computational approach to characterize the apparent mechanical behaviours of human prostatic or other similar glandular tissues, with the ultimate aim of assessing how pathological conditions (e.g., prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia) could affect the tissue mechanical properties in a future study.
Preparation of two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based MOFs/derivatives and their potential in sensing and biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Yiran , Qiao Wang , Zhao Zhongxing , Zhao Zhenxia , Li Min
Published: July 2023

Two‐dimensional Porphyrin‐based MOFs (2D p‐MOFs) and their derivatives have demonstrated significant potential in sensing and biomedical applications with their development and optimization expected to lead to significant advances in these fields. However, achieving a high quality of 2D p‐MOFs remains the present research rub and challenge. This review covers various methods and compound strategies for preparing 2D p‐MOFs including both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, both of which have drawbacks that need to be addressed, and also summarizes their advantages for the obtained prepared 2D p‐MOF. Meanwhile, we review the different ways of functionalizing 2D porphyrin‐based MOF nanosheets with examples. It also highlights the crucial role of 2D p‐MOFs and derivatives in sensing applications, including food safety inspection, biomedical sensing, and environmental testing. Finally, the review summarizes the medical treatment based on 2D p‐MOFs, including drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy, imaging, and more, further emphasizing the value of 2D p‐MOFs and derivatives.
Problem Solving MRI to Reduce False‐Positive Biopsy Related to Breast US: Conductivity vs. DWI vs. Abbreviated Contrast‐Enhanced MRI
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hyeong , Kim Soo‐Yeon , Cui Chuanjiang , Ji Hye , Yoen Heera , Cho Nariya , Kim Dong‐Hyun
Published: July 2023

Background

While breast ultrasound (US) is a useful tool for diagnosing breast masses, it can entail false‐positive biopsy results because of some overlapping features between benign and malignant breast masses and subjective interpretation.

Purpose

To evaluate the performance of conductivity imaging for reducing false‐positive biopsy results related to breast US, as compared to diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and abbreviated MRI consisting of one pre‐ and one post‐contrast T1‐weighted imaging.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Seventy‐nine women (median age, 44 years) with 86 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category 4 masses as detected by breast US.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, T2‐weighted turbo spin echo sequence, DWI, and abbreviated contrast‐enhanced MRI (T1‐weighted gradient echo sequence).

Assessment

US‐guided biopsy (reference standard) was obtained on the same day as MRI. The maximum and mean conductivity parameters from whole and single regions of interest (ROIs) were measured. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from an area with the lowest signal within a lesion on the ADC map. The performance of conductivity, ADC, and abbreviated MRI for reducing false‐positive biopsies was evaluated using the following criteria: lowest conductivity and highest ADC values among malignant breast lesions and BI‐RADS categories 2 or 3 on abbreviated MRI.

Statistical Tests

One conductivity parameter with the maximum area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristics was selected. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

US‐guided biopsy revealed 65 benign lesions and 21 malignant lesions. The mean conductivity parameter of the single ROI method was selected (AUC = 0.74). Considering conductivity (≤0.10 S/m), ADC (≥1.60 × 10−3 mm2/sec), and BI‐RADS categories 2 or 3 reduced false‐positive biopsies by 23% (15 of 65), 38% (25 of 65), and 43% (28 of 65), respectively, without missing malignant lesions.

Data Conclusion

Conductivity imaging may show lower performance than DWI and abbreviated MRI in reducing unnecessary biopsies.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Lacustrine evidence reveals spatially and temporally distinct Holocene ruptures on the Sawtooth Fault, Central Idaho, USA
Authors: Shapley M. , Thackray G. D. , Johnson E. , Finney B.
Published: July 2023

The Sawtooth Fault in central Idaho, USA, is a range‐bounding normal fault with a Late Pleistocene–Holocene scarp near the up‐valley ends of several range‐front lakes. Cores from Redfish Lake, which spans the fault, exhibit evidence of catastrophic sediment re‐mobilization in two sequences consisting variably of intraclastic mud‐clast conglomerate, massive homogenite, and graded silt and clay. Event strata of the younger sequence are in unconformable contact with Pleistocene sediments in two cores on the northern lake‐basin slope, suggesting transport from the down‐valley portion of the lake toward the basin center. A silt cap associated with the event strata is preserved at all coring sites. The event sequence, distributed lake‐wide, dates to ca. 4300 cal a bp, while additional event strata in two Redfish Lake cores pre‐date the 7627 cal a 
bp Mazama ash. We propose seismic triggering of the sediment disruptions. Asynchronous event stratigraphy in Pettit Lake, 15 km south of Redfish Lake, suggests distinct ruptures along two portions of the Sawtooth Fault. The sedimentology and geochemistry of remobilized sediments in both lakes indicates that sources included Late Pleistocene and early Holocene lake‐floor sediments and suggests failures that cut deeply into the sedimentary sequence. Cores collected from Stanley Lake (17 km northwest of Redfish Lake) following the nearby 2020 M6.5 Stanley earthquake exhibit a thin, sandy event horizon associated with documented delta collapse. Subaerial slope failures associated with the 2020 event left no widespread disturbance stratigraphy in Redfish Lake. We conclude that the large‐magnitude lake‐floor sediment remobilization events probably required rupture of fault sections proximal to Redfish and Pettit lakes.
Tonsillotomy for Periodic Fever Syndrome: A Randomized and Controlled Trial
Authors: Lantto Ulla , Tapiainen Terhi , Pokka Tytti , Koivunen Petri , Helminen Merja , Piitulainen Jaakko , Rekola Jami , Uhari Matti , Renko Marjo
Published: July 2023

Objective

Tonsillectomy is an effective treatment for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Tonsillotomy has a milder operative risk profile and postoperative morbidity in children than tonsillectomy. We aimed to compare the efficacy of tonsillotomy to observation‐only in children with PFAPA syndrome at a 3‐month follow‐up.

Methods

This was a randomized multicenter trial with sequential design. Participants were randomized into a tonsillotomy group and a control group that was only observed. The trial started in 1/2017 and was accomplished in 12/2021 with 16 patients (10 boys, six girls, the mean age 4.2 years). The symptoms were monitored with daily symptom diaries.

Results

After the 3‐month follow‐up, 7/8 patients (87.5%) in the tonsillotomy group and 2/8 (25%) patients in the control group were free from PFAPA symptoms (95% CI 13% to 87%; p = 0.0021). The mean number of days with fever was 2.6 (SD 3.7) in the tonsillotomy group and 8.0 (SD 6.5) days in the control group (n = 8) (p = 0.06). Mean number of fever days compatible with PFAPA syndrome was 0.8 (SD 1.4) in the tonsillotomy group and 6.5 (SD 6.0) in the control group (95%CI −10% to −1%; p = 0.007). Rescue tonsillectomy was needed for all patients in the control group and none of the patients in the tonsillotomy group.

Conclusions

Tonsillotomy might be an effective treatment option for children with PFAPA syndrome. Further studies are needed to clarify the long‐term efficacy of tonsillotomy for treating PFAPA.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 134:968–972, 2024
Study on mechanical characteristic of angular contact ball bearing with local defects under elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Liu Kai , Lei Chunli , Song Ruizhe , Xue Wei , Li Jianhua
Published: July 2023

The elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model of angular contact ball bearings (ACBB) with local defects under spin condition is established. The local defect surface profile is characterised. On this basis, the modified quasi‐static model of ACBB with local defects is proposed. Then, the comprehensive stiffness model of ACBB with local defect under EHL is built, and the influence of different factors on the mechanical characteristics of ACBB with local defect is investigated. The results show that with the increase of the local defect size, the equivalent contact stiffness of the defect area decreases, and the contact load in non‐defect area increases. Considering EHL, the contact deformation of bearing decreases, the contact load and equivalent comprehensive stiffness increases obviously. The axial contact angle of the defect area largely determines the equivalent comprehensive stiffness of the roller at the defect.
The formation and functions of school‐based trauma‐leadership teams: A preliminary qualitative study
Authors: Liang Christopher T. H. , Gutekunst Malaika H. C. , Kohler Brooke A. , Rosenberger Teresa , Mui Vivian W. , Williams Keya , Safi Jessica M.
Published: July 2023

Studies suggest that among children, adverse childhood experiences increase the risk of developing behavioral challenges in and out of the school environment. Rooted in distributed leadership, trauma‐leadership teams (TLTs) are a novel systems‐based intervention in which a team of educators deepens knowledge and works to implement trauma‐responsive policies and practices within the school community. The current study used a consensual qualitative research design to (a) understand the ways TLTs are created, (b) describe educators' perceived benefits and outcomes of these teams, and (c) describe how TLTs are applied in schools to improve trauma‐informed care practices. Additionally, the study highlights growth areas for TLT implementation. Domains from interviews include (1) Formation of TLTs; (2) Benefits and Outcomes of TLTs; (3) Trauma‐Responsive Competency; and (4) Growth Areas of TLT. Results suggest that TLT members view TLTs positively, offer insight into how TLTs are formed, and see benefits from TLTs within their school communities. Results also suggest areas for growth for TLTs.
Consensus for cooperative–competitive network systems: An impulsive perspective
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yang , Lou Jungang , Cao Jinde
Published: July 2023

Usually, hypotheses involving cooperative interactions and continuous interplay among interacting agents may result in somewhat conservatism, drastically hurdling potential about interpretations of prevalent aggregation phenomena arising in both nature and practical application. Of interest uncovered in this article is the cooperative–competitive consensus problems for multi‐agent systems by leverage of impulsive‐based control perspective. We first discuss the possibility of quantifying interaction relation of the agents and the description of cooperative–competitive phenomena that capture massive interest recently. Specifically, the former is done by algebraic graph theory, following the same research avenue as the convention; while the cooperative–competitive information is described by some nonzero scaling parameter. We shall pursue the tie that enables to anchor the consensus of participating agents, without depending on the signed graph theory. Subsequently, a manner relying on the local information is carried out to induce the consensus error to circumvent the global information. Then, consensus condition, in connection with the features of both continuous and impulsiveߚbased dynamics, is obtained, as well as several typical circumstances are also elaborated. Both the proposed consensus algorithms and the derived results are underpinned via a numerical study eventually.
Novel Vectors and Administrations for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Bai Chenghai , Wang Chen , Lu Yuan
Published: July 2023

mRNA therapy has shown great potential in infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and other fields due to its central role in all life processes. However, mRNA is challenging to pass through the cell membrane due to its significant negative charges and degradation from RNase, so the key to mRNA therapy is efficient packaging and delivery of it with appropriate vectors. Presently researchers have developed various vectors such as viruses and liposomes, but these conventional vectors are now difficult to meet the growing requirement like safety, efficiency, and targeting, so many novel delivery vectors with unique advantages have emerged recently. This review mainly introduces two categories of novel vectors: biomacromolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as two novel methods of control and administration based on these novel vectors: controlled‐release administration and non‐invasive administration. These novel delivery strategies have the advantages of high safety, biocompatibility, versatility, intelligence, and targeting. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by the field of mRNA delivery in depth, and discusses how to use the characteristics of novel vectors and administrations to solve these problems.
AI-powered recommender systems and the preservation of personal autonomy
Authors: del Valle Juan Ignacio , Lara Francisco
Published: July 2023

Recommender Systems (RecSys) have been around since the early days of the Internet, helping users navigate the vast ocean of information and the increasingly available options that have been available for us ever since. The range of tasks for which one could use a RecSys is expanding as the technical capabilities grow, with the disruption of Machine Learning representing a tipping point in this domain, as in many others. However, the increase of the technical capabilities of AI-powered RecSys did not come with a thorough consideration of their ethical implications and, despite being a well-established technical domain, the potential impacts of RecSys on their users are still under-assessed. This paper aims at filling this gap in regards to one of the main impacts of RecSys: personal autonomy. We first describe how technology can affect human values and a suitable methodology to identify these effects and mitigate potential harms: Value Sensitive Design (VSD). We use VSD to carry out a conceptual investigation of personal autonomy in the context of a generic RecSys and draw on a nuanced account of procedural autonomy to focus on two components: competence and authenticity. We provide the results of our inquiry as a value hierarchy and apply it to the design of a speculative RecSys as an example.
Emergency paediatric medicine consultation—a practical guide to a consultation with refugee and asylum-seeking children within the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Chawla Jaya , Houbby Nour , Boutros Sarah , Davies Sarah , Farina Ella , Stewart Charles G. , Munajjed Osama
Published: July 2023

There are increasing numbers of refugee and asylum-seeking children entering the UK annually who face significant barriers to accessing healthcare services. Clinicians working in the emergency department should have an awareness of the journeys children may have taken and the barriers they face in accessing care and have a holistic approach to care provision. We conducted a narrative literature review and used experiential knowledge of paediatricians working in the Paediatric Emergency Department to formulate a step-by-step screening tool. We have formulated a step-by-step screening tool, CCHILDS (Communication, Communicable diseases, Health—physical and mental, Immunisation, Look after (safeguarding), Deficiencies, Sexual health) which can be used by healthcare professionals in the emergency department.

Conclusion: Due to increasing numbers of refugee and asylum-seeking children, it is important that every point of contact with healthcare professionals is an impactful one on their health, well-being and development. Future work would include validation of our tool.

What is Known:

•The number of refugees globally are rapidly increasing, leading to an increase in the number of presentations to the PED. These patients are often medically complex and may have unique and sometimes unexpected presentations that could be attributed to by their past. There are a multitude of resources available outlining guidance on the assessment and management of refugee children.

What is New:

•This review aims to succinctly summarise the guidance surrounding the assessment of refugee children presenting to the PED and ensure that healthcare professionals are aware of the pertinent information regarding this cohort. It introduces the CCHILDS assessment tool which has been formulated through a narrative review of the literature and acts as a mnemonic to aid professionals in their assessment of refugee children in the PED.
Consequences of polyploidy and divergence as revealed by cytogenetic mapping of tandem repeats in African clawed frogs (Xenopus, Pipidae)
Authors: Fornaini Nicola R. , Bergelová Barbora , Gvoždík Václav , Černohorská Halina , Krylov Vladimír , Kubíčková Svatava , Fokam Eric B. , Badjedjea Gabriel , Evans Ben J. , Knytl Martin
Published: July 2023

Repetitive elements have been identified in several amphibian genomes using whole genome sequencing, but few studies have used cytogenetic mapping to visualize these elements in this vertebrate group. Here, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic data to map the U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs and histone H3 in six species of African clawed frog (genus Xenopus), including, from subgenus Silurana, the diploid Xenopus tropicalis and its close allotetraploid relative X. calcaratus and, from subgenus Xenopus, the allotetraploid species X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis, and X. muelleri. Results allowed us to qualitatively evaluate the relative roles of polyploidization and divergence in the evolution of repetitive elements because our focal species include allotetraploid species derived from two independent polyploidization events — one that is relatively young that gave rise to X. calcaratus and another that is older that gave rise to the other (older) allotetraploids. Our results demonstrated conserved loci number and position of signals in the species from subgenus Silurana; allotetraploid X. calcaratus has twice as many signals as diploid X. tropicalis. However, the content of repeats varied among the other allotetraploid species. We detected almost same number of signals in X. muelleri as in X. calcaratus and same number of signals in X. pygmaeus, X. allofraseri, X. laevis as in the diploid X. tropicalis. Overall, these results are consistent with the proposal that allopolyploidization duplicated these tandem repeats and that variation in their copy number was accumulated over time through reduction and expansion in a subset of the older allopolyploids.
A retrospective, comparative, clinical study of occlusion rate of peripherally inserted central catheters fabricated of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogel composite
Authors: Bunch Joseph , Hanley Brian , Donahue Daniel
Published: July 2023

Thrombotic accumulation is associated with surface interactions between blood proteins and vascular access devices. Catheter occlusion results from this process, and is a costly, common, occurrence with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Hydrophilic catheter materials exhibit antithrombotic properties. This retrospective study evaluates the occurrence of catheter occlusion of PICCs constructed of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogel composite known as hydrophilic biomaterial (HBM), compared to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) control devices. A total of 121 PICCs, 60 HBM and 61 TPU, were placed in patients with a clinical need and were reviewed for the occurrence of catheter occlusion. The records review found that occlusions occurred in 0/60 (0.0%) of the HBM PICCs and 13/61 (21.3%) of TPU PICCs (p = 0.001). HBM exhibits favorable qualities for vascular access, most importantly its extreme hydrophilicity. Clinically, this may be responsible for the reduction in PICC occlusions, which could improve patient outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis for Translation Invariant Spin Systems
Authors: Sugimoto Shoki , Henheik Joscha , Riabov Volodymyr , Erdős László
Published: July 2023

We prove the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis (ETH) for local observables in a typical translation invariant system of quantum spins with L-body interactions, where L is the number of spins. This mathematically verifies the observation first made by Santos and Rigol (Phys Rev E 82(3):031130, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031130) that the ETH may hold for systems with additional translational symmetries for a naturally restricted class of observables. We also present numerical support for the same phenomenon for Hamiltonians with local interaction.
Combining Optical and Acoustic Backscatter Measurements for Monitoring of Fine Suspended‐Sediment Concentration Under Changes in Particle Size and Density
Authors: Livsey D. N. , Turner R. D. R. , Grace P. R.
Published: July 2023

Optical and acoustic backscatter measurements are routinely utilized to monitor suspended‐sediment concentration (M); however, both measurements are affected by changes in particle size and density. In this study, optical and acoustic backscatter measurements are combined to a single parameter, the sediment composition index (SCI), to quantify M, mean particle radius by number (ao), the fraction of sediment <20 μm by diameter (), and particle bulk apparent density (ρbulk). Data are analyzed from Chesapeake Bay and five rivers of Queensland, Australia. SCI is utilized to predict the ratio of M to acoustic backscatter under changes in ao and ρbulk (R2 ranged from 0.6 to 0.98 across all data sets) and combined with acoustic backscatter to predict estimates of M that are independent of changes in ao and ρbulk. SCI is proportional to log10(ao) and for SCI from acoustic backscatter measured at 6 MHz (R2 = 0.8 and 0.74, respectively, p‐value < 0.001, n = 133), while SCI(log10(ao)) and SCI() from acoustic backscatter measured at 2 MHz or lower are sensitive to changes in floc fractal dimension. Estimates of ρbulk from SCI are biased by changes in particle size (R2 is 0.1–0.5 across all datasets). This study builds upon recent work that derived SCI to quantify composition of sand and mud in suspension and demonstrates the utility of the approach in systems transporting flocculated silt and clay. Future research directions are discussed.
Scalp microbiome of healthy women wearing hijab compared to those not wearing hijab: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Widaty Sandra , Surachmiati Lis , Legiawati Lili , Sirait Sondang Pandjaitan , Krisanti Inge Ade , Budianti Windy Keumala , Miranda Eliza , Rihatmadja Rahadi , Oktarina Caroline
Published: July 2023

Use of hijab can influence the scalp’s condition, including its microbiome. To date there has been no study comparing scalp microbiome in women wearing hijab to that in women not wearing hijab. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August 2019 to April 2021. Healthy women aged 18 years old or older who had not undergone menopause were recruited. Those in the hijab group should wear hijab minimum 8 h a day for at least 5 years. After wash-out period, the sample was collected from the subject’s scalp. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed with primer V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA and ITS1 DNA for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Alpha diversity and beta diversity were identified, along with functional analysis. Actinobacteria and Ascomycota were the most dominant phyla on the scalp. S. capitis was more prominent in the hijab group while S. cohnii was more prominent in non-hijab group. Additionally, M. restricta was more common in hijab group while M. globosa was more common in non-hijab group. This study emphasizes the difference of scalp microbiome in women wearing hijab compared to women not wearing hijab, which indicated that women wearing hijab are more prone to seborrheic dermatitis.
Extending interstitial tetrelides into carbides: synthesis and crystal and electronic structures- of RE2Co2AlC (RE = La, Pr, Nd)
Authors: Nesterenko Sergey N. , Tursina Anna I. , Kuznetsov Alexey N.
Published: July 2023

Carbides of the filled W2CoB2 structure type RE2Co2AlC (RE = La, Pr, Nd) were synthesized and characterized.
Chemistry of multiple stellar populations in the mono-metallic, in situ, bulge globular cluster NGC 6388
Authors: Carretta Eugenio , Bragaglia Angela
Published: July 2023

We present the homogeneous abundance analysis for a combined sample of 185 giants in the bulge globular cluster (GC) NGC 6388. Our results are used to describe the multiple stellar populations and differences or analogies with bulge field stars. Proton-capture elements indicate that a single class of first-generation polluters is sufficient to reproduce both the extreme and intermediate parts of the anti-correlations among light elements O, Na, Mg, and Al, which is at odds with our previous results based on a much smaller sample. The abundance pattern of other species in NGC 6388 closely tracks the trends observed in bulge field stars. In particular, the α-elements, including Si, rule out an accreted origin for NGC 6388, confirming our previous results based on iron-peak elements, chemo-dynamical analysis, and the age-metallicity relation. The neutron-capture elements are generally uniform, although the [Zr/Fe] ratio shows an intrinsic scatter, correlated to Na and Al abundances. Instead, we do not find enhancement in neutron-capture elements for stars whose photometric properties would classify NGC 6388 as a type II GC. Together with the homogeneity in [Fe/H] we found in a previous paper, this indicates we need to better understand the criteria to separate classes of GCs, coupling photometry, and spectroscopy. These results are based on abundances of 22 species (O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, and Eu) from UVES spectra sampling proton-, α-, neutron-capture elements, and Fe-peak elements. For 12 species, we also obtain abundances in a large number of giants (up to 150) from GIRAFFE spectra.
The influence of a static planetary atmosphere on spin transfer during pebble accretion
Authors: Yzer M. J. , Visser R. G. , Dominik C.
Published: July 2023

Context. Pebble accretion has been used to explain the small size of Mars, the heavy element contents of the gas giants, and the size distribution of asteroids. More recently, pebble accretion has been proposed as a means to explain not only the growth but also the prograde spin preference of most larger bodies in the Solar System. Pebble accretion could induce planetary and asteroid spin equal to or exceeding the spins currently measured. However, as these planetesimals grow, they start condensing the gas of the disc around them, forming an atmosphere within their Bondi radius.

Aims. We study the effect an atmosphere has on the pebble orbits and spin build-up on the planet’s surface during pebble accretion in the extreme case of a static atmosphere. Pebble feedback to the gas is not taken into account.

Methods. The equations of motion for pebbles in a planar, global frame with a planet and a central star were integrated using the AIS15 integrator of REBOUND. An adiabatic atmosphere was then placed around the planet, and the spin deposited on the planet’s surface was measured. These simulations were evaluated for different distances to the star, Stokes numbers, and planet masses.

Results. In general, an atmosphere dampens the spin the planet’s surface receives by absorbing part of the angular momentum of the pebbles and circularising their orbits. This could prevent the excessive spin values predicted in some 3D pebble accretion simulations without an atmosphere. For planets larger than 0.5 M⊕, a stationary atmosphere absorbs all angular momentum, leaving no spin for the surface. Significant quantities of angular momentum are stored in the inner and intermediate atmosphere (<0.3 Bondi radii). Depending on the atmospheric and disc model, this spin could be transported either to the disc through atmospheric recycling or to the planet through drag between the surface and the atmosphere. Further research is required to quantify the spin transfer within the atmosphere.
Use of del Nido Cardioplegia for Adult Heart Surgery: How Long Is Not Too Long?
Authors: Guim Goh Si , Wah Hoon Cindy Goh , Lim Clara Anne , Chay-Nancy Huang Shoo , Li Ler Ashlynn Ai , Lim Qi Xuan , Jaafar Nurdiyana Binte , Lim Cheryl , Sazzad Faizus , Kofidis Theo
Published: July 2023

The most apparent practical advantage of del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) is that it allows the surgeon a longer arrest period before a subsequent dose is needed, as opposed to the conventional St. Thomas’ cardioplegia solution where the recommended ischemic time is ∼15–20 minutes. In this study, we explored the incidence of arrhythmia after cross-clamp removal as a surrogate for a safe myocardial ischemic time with the use of DNC in adult heart surgery. A total of 113 patients who had undergone heart valve repair and/or replacement surgery at the National University Hospital, Singapore, were investigated. This single-center retrospective study was conducted on a population where DNC had been used for myocardial protection between January 2017 and April 2019. Cardioplegia ischemic time interval groups were not significant predictors of postoperative arrhythmia, defibrillation, and intraoperative intra-aortic balloon pump usage. Crude comparison of postoperative outcomes showed no significant differences in any other postoperative variables, including mortality and total hospital stay. From the results of the present study, it appears that there is no optimal ischemic time interval for the administration of DNC within a 120-minute time period. It is likely that DNC has a redosing interval of, and may provide adequate myocardial protection, for up to 120 minutes.
Correlation among Hemolysis Biomarkers in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Ghaleb Stephanie , Reagor James A , Tarango Cristina , Benscoter Alexis , Smith Reanna , Byrnes Jonathan W.
Published: July 2023

Hemolysis is a common complication associated with mortality on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH) is the most commonly used biomarker reported for hemolysis on ECMO. This test is not readily available at all institutions, and other more readily available tests may indicate hemolysis nearly as well or as well as PFH. The purpose of this study was to study the correlation of other biomarkers of hemolysis to PFH on ECMO. All patients younger than 21 years placed on ECMO in a quaternary children's hospital between January 2013 and December 2016 were included in the study; biomarkers (urine hemoglobin [U-Hb], PFH, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gross hemolysis, and red cell distribution width (RDW)) were collected from the medical record. Descriptive statistics and repeated bivariate analyses were determined using SPSS 22.0. The median age on day 0 of ECMO was 29 days (.08 years) (IQR: 2; 319 days (.005; .875 years)). The median weight was 3.9 kg (IQR: 2.8; 8.6), and the median total duration of the ECMO run was 10.48 days (IQR: 4.25; 14), with 82% of all the patients being on venoarterial ECMO. There was no correlation between hematuria on urinalysis and the level of PFH (p= .338). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between PFH and the following respective biomarkers: gross hemolysis on the routine chemistry studies (p< .01, Rho = .439), AST (p< .01, Rho = .439), RDW (p< .01, Rho = .190), LDH (p< .01, Rho = .584), and AST (when associated elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were censored) (p< .01, Rho = .552). U-Hb correlated poorly with PFH. The serum biomarkers AST (in the absence of ALT elevation) and LDH can be useful surrogates for PFH to quantify hemolysis on ECMO in pediatric patients.
Impact of the Cardioplegia Interval on Myocardial Protection Using the Modified St. Thomas Solution in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: A Double-Center Study
Authors: Nagashima Kohei , Inoue Takafumi , Nakanaga Hiroshi , Matsuyama Shigefumi , Geshi Eiichi , Tabata Minoru
Published: July 2023

It has been reported that a single-dose cardioplegia interval is useful, but the safe interval doses are not clear. We aimed to investigate the impact of the cardioplegia interval on myocardial protection using the modified St. Thomas solution. We included consecutive isolated minimally invasive mitral valvuloplasty procedures (n = 229) performed at a hospital and medical center from January 2014 to December 2020. We compared postoperative peak creatine kinase MB and creatine kinase levels and other indicators between the short (Group S, n = 135; maximum myocardial protection interval <60 minutes) and long (Group L, n = 94; maximum myocardial protection interval ≥60 minutes) interval groups. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounders between the two groups. After propensity score matching, Groups S and L contained 47 patients each. Groups S and L did not differ significantly in peak creatine kinase MB (45.8 ± 26.3 IU/L and 41.5 ± 27.9 IU/L, respectively; p = .441) and creatine kinase levels (1,133 ± 567 IU/L and 1,100 ± 916 IU/L, respectively; p = .837) after admission to the intensive care unit on the day of surgery based on propensity score matching. In multivariate analysis, a cardioplegia dosing interval ≥60 minutes was not significantly associated with the maximum creatine kinase MB level after admission to the intensive care unit on the day of surgery (p = .354; 95% confidence interval: −1.67 to 4.65). Using the antegrade modified St. Thomas solution, the long interval dose method is useful and safe in minimally invasive mitral valvuloplasty.
Audiological Tests Used in the Evaluation of the Effects of Solvents on the Human Auditory System: A Mixed Methods Review
Authors: Roggia Simone Mariotti , Zucki Fernanda , Fuente Adrian , Lacerda Adriana Bender Moreira de , Gong Wei , Carlson Krystin , Morata Thais C.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to scope the literature, identify knowledge gaps, appraise results, and synthesize the evidence on the audiological evaluation of workers exposed to solvents. We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and NIOSHTIC-2 up to March 22, 2021. Using Covidence, two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data. National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tools was used in the quality evaluation of included studies; the Downs and Black checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. Of 454 located references, 37 were included. Twenty-five tests were studied: two tests to measure hearing thresholds, one test to measure word recognition in quiet, six electroacoustic procedures, four electrophysiological tests, and twelve behavioral tests to assess auditory processing skills. Two studies used the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap. The quality of individual studies was mostly considered moderate, but the overall quality of evidence was considered low. The discrepancies between studies and differences in the methodologies/outcomes prevent recommending a specific test battery to assess the auditory effects of occupational solvents. Decisions on audiological tests for patients with a history of solvent exposures require the integration of the most current research evidence with clinical expertise and stakeholder perspectives.
2.4 C—H Functionalization Catalyzed by Cobalt(III)/Cp* and Related Complexes
Authors: Yoshino T. , Matsunaga S.
Published: July 2023

Cobalt(III) catalysts bearing a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand are widely used for directing-group-assisted C—H functionalization reactions to form C—C and C—heteroatom bonds. This review describes representative examples of such cobalt(III)-catalyzed C—H functionalization reactions, including C(sp2) —H and C(sp3) —H functionalization, as well as enantioselective C—H functionalization.
2.6 C—H Functionalization Catalyzed by Low-Valent Cobalt
Authors: Yoshikai N.
Published: July 2023

This review summarizes representative examples of catalytic C—H functionalization reactions mediated by low-valent cobalt complexes. Catalysts generated by the reduction of cobalt(II) or cobalt(III) precatalysts in the presence of appropriate supporting ligands have been demonstrated to promote a variety of alkylation, alkenylation, and arylation reactions of aromatic C(sp2)—H bonds, often with the assistance of directing groups. Well-defined cobalt(0) and cobalt(–I) complexes have also proved to catalyze some of these reactions. Low-valent cobalt complexes supported by bis(phosphinomethyl)pyridine, terpyridine, and diimine ligands have been identified as viable catalysts for the borylation of C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H bonds, where the cobalt catalysts exhibit unique site selectivity compared with well-established iridium catalysts. Other reactions such as 1,4-cobalt migration, hydroacylation, and C—H activation involving cobaltacyclopentene intermediates are also discussed.
2.2 Cobalt- and Iron-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation
Authors: Cheng Z. , Li M. , Lu Z.
Published: July 2023

The hydrosilylation of readily available alkenes and alkynes represents an atom-economic and straightforward method for the preparation of value-added organosilicon compounds. Among various catalysts, those based on earth-abundant metals such as cobalt and iron demonstrate great potential due to their low cost and toxicity, as well as good catalytic performance. This review discusses recent progress in the cobalt- and iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes, as well as the sequential double hydrosilylation of alkynes, with an emphasis on the synthetic utility of the methods. The reactivity, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity can be well-controlled by applying suitable ligands.
Crime at micro-places in public libraries
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Ercin Emrah , Sampaio Adriana , Hazanov Julia , Elfström Sara
Published: July 2023

Public libraries are multifunctional places where visitors come to borrow books, use computers and socialise—all these activities impose a diverse set of safety demands on those responsible for these facilities. Drawing from environmental criminology and CPTED principles, this study proposes and tests a conceptual model to investigate the spatiotemporal nature of crime and other safety-related incidents in public libraries. Incidents recorded by personnel from 2017 to 2020 from two public libraries in Stockholm, Sweden are mapped using a three-dimensional model in CAD and compared with notes from fieldwork inspections and interviews with library personnel. Findings show that staff feel safe in the library, but mention unsafe situations that they avoid by taking precautionary measures. In addition, public disturbances, aggression, followed by crimes against property and vandalism vary both temporally and across different types of library environments. The design and layout of public libraries play a role in the libraries’ safety conditions (e.g. territoriality, surveillance opportunities), but some places are more challenging than others because of the activities they attract (e.g. entrances). The study concludes by critically assessing the proposed methodology and making suggestions to improve safety in public libraries and advance the role of place managers in multifunctional places.