bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of different dark chocolate diets on memory functions and brain corticosterone levels in rats under chronic stress
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Kalantarzadeh Elham , Radahmadi Maryam ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Reisi Parham ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Stress influences cognitive behavior adversely, whereas dark chocolate exhibits positive effects on memory processes. This study investigated the effects of different dark chocolate diets on various aspects of brain functions in rats under chronic stress Methods: Thirty-five rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control, stress, stress with different (compulsory, optional and restricted) dark chocolate diets. Latency, dark stay (DS) time and the number of entrance to the dark compartment were respectively evaluated as memory, memory consolidation and locomotor activity by passive avoidance test. Results: There were significant differences between initial latency and latency after 1 day in all groups. In the stress-compulsory and restricted dark chocolate diet groups, latency after 1 day increased significantly. Moreover, the DS time was not significantly higher in the stressed group than the control group. The DS time and number of entrance to dark compartment decreased significantly in the stress-compulsory dark chocolate diet group compared to the stressed group. Furthermore, the number of entrance to dark compartment was significantly higher for the stress- optional dark chocolate diet compared to those with the compulsory diet. Additionally, serum and hippocampal corticosterone levels, except in the frontal cortex, were significantly lower only in the stress-compulsory dark chocolate diet group compared to the stressed group. Conclusion: Different dark chocolate diets had various effects on brain functions under chronic stress. Respectively, the compulsory and optional dark chocolate diets had the best and least effects on brain function improvement. Only the compulsory dark chocolate diet could improve brain functions such as memory, memory consolidation and locomotor activity.
ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ТА КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: Татар М. С.
Published: November 2020

Global challenges complex affect the system of international relations, interstate relations, the nature of interaction between economic entities within the state and between economic entities of different states, requiring a radical transformation and modification of the modern global system and the actions of its actors. The aim of the research is to identification, classification of global challenges by strength of impact and probability of occurrence to further determine their impact on the economic entities behavior and the formation of relationships between them. The subject of the research is the global challenges, the strength of their impact and the probability of occurrence and change in time. The methods of the research: logical-substantive method, method of comparison, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The hypothesis of the research. There is a need to identify and classify global challenges to further determination of their impact on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges. The statement of basic materials. The concepts of global challenge, global problem, global risk, global crisis, global catastrophe are considered. It is proposed to consider the global challenge as a situation facing a large number of people who are not able to solve it on their own in an adequate time and they need to join efforts to solve it, which can create a global threat that will result in global problems, risks, crises and catastrophes, and be an incentive for global positive change. The classification of global challenges is proposed, which includes geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural. The originality and practical significance of the research lies in the systematic classification of global challenges in order to further determination of the impact of each group of global challenges on changes in both interstate relations and the nature of interaction between individual entities. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The proposed by the author classification of global challenges on the basis of the annotated critical analysis of scientific literature, which is presented by 7 groups of global challenges such as geopolitical, social, economic, biological, demographic, climatic, technological, informational, cultural – will be the basis for global challenges impact determining on the nature of behavior and the system of relationships of economic entities in the context of global challenges.
Prediction of Heart Disease using Machine Learning
Authors: Singh Ankit
Published: November 2020

Cardiovascular Disease is the leading cause of death (Approximately, 17 million people every year) in the all the area of the world. Prediction of heart disease is the critical challenge in the area of the clinical data analysis. The objective of paper is to build the model for predicting the Heart Disease using various machine learning classification algorithm. Classification is a powerful machine learning technique that is commonly used for prediction. Some of the classification algorithm are Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest Classifier, KNN. This paper investigate which algorithm is used for the improving the accuracy in the prediction of heart disease. And, a comparative analysis on the accuracy and mean squared error is to done for predicting the best model. The result of the study indicates that KNN algorithm is effective in predicting the model with the accuracy of the 85.71% and having a very low mean squared error.
Autismo e suporte familiar: Relações afetivas estabelecidas entre crianças com autismo
Authors: Costa Luana Marcia Barros , Gonçalves Kariny Guedes Alves Menezes , Rodrigues Isabel Cristina Santos , Santos Maria Jessica Pereira Dos , Lima Junior Joel
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho propõe-se a apontar a importância da família como rede de apoio a crianças com autismo, considerando as relações afetivas como base para o cuidado e desenvolvimento destas. O autismo ou Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), é caracterizado como um transtorno global de desenvolvimento e de neurodesenvolvimento, que pode provocar alterações no processo biopsicossocial do sujeito. Por atingir cerca de 1% da população mundial, o autismo é considerado um assunto de saúde púbica, mostrando a importância de estudos acerca da questão. A Psicologia busca identificar potencialidades e também comprometimentos em relação ao desenvolvimento infantil no espectro autista, promovendo adaptações no contexto familiar e estimulando a criança na busca por sua autonomia. O autismo pode provocar muitos desajustes na rotina familiar, demandando dedicação, afeto e muita resiliência da família, a mesma se torna uma das primeiras e principais redes de apoio durante todo processo maturacional. A metodologia tem um caráter bibliográfico de cunho qualitativo, a coleta de dados foi feita em livro, artigos, periódicos, físicos e online, os descritores foram colhidos a partir do tema e dos objetivos que se propôs trabalhar nesse artigo, classificamos os artigos por temática (autismo, família, afetividade), e por ano de publicação do material, ou seja, sendo a maior parte do material dos últimos cinco anos. Os indivíduos com TEA possuem comprometimento na comunicação, sociabilização e a imaginação. A família se torna os primeiros agentes de socialização e inclusão contribuindo para o desenvolvimento humano. Este suporte familiar está pautado, não somente pelos laços consanguíneos, mas baseada em qualquer organização familiar que esteja alicerçada na afetividade. Essa afetividade esta implicada no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social, e emocional, e, portanto, sendo uma ferramenta importante nas relações da criança com autismo. Apesar do funcionamento familiar ser bastante afetado pelo diagnóstico e pelas mudanças advindas do TEA, é importante que a família possa ressignificar o diagnóstico mobilizando-se em prol do tratamento. Compreende-se que as famílias necessitam de suporte social para enfrentamento do transtorno, se adequando as necessidades e anseios da criança com autismo afim de proporcionar qualidade de vida sendo esse cuidado familiar atravessado pelo afeto.
KREASI BAHAN AJAR BERKONSEP GAME UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN EKSTRAKURIKULER BAHASA INGGRIS TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sari Hesty Puspita , Fauzi Adin , Primasari Yusniarsi
Published: November 2020

Proses pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler Bahasa Inggris di beberapa sekolah diKabupaten Blitar memiliki beberapa kelemahan: belum tersedia bahan ajarmemadai untuk pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler, rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, dan kurangnya pengembangan bahan ajar inovatif bagi guru. Melihat kondisi tersebut, diperlukan bahan ajaryang sesuai dan menarik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam berbahasaInggris. Peserta pada pengabdian masyarakat ini meliputi guru, dosen, danmahasiswa dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Peserta yang mengikuti programpelatihan berjumlah 57 peserta melalui Zoom meeting. Setelah Zoom meeting,peserta diberikan waktu selama satu hari untuk membuat karya bahan ajar.Berdasarkan analisis rubrik, rata-rata nilai peserta pada aspek kebaruan ide,kreativitas, dan kesesuaian game dengan materi adalah baik (skor 3). Hal inimenunjukkan bahwa pemaparan materi dan pendampingan pembuatan karyabahan ajar berjalan efektif. Selain memahami konsep dan teori, peserta jugamampu mengembangkan suatu konsep permainan untuk pembelajaran bahasaInggris bagi anak-anak. Secara umum, konsep yang mereka ciptakan memilikiunsur kebaruan dan kreativitas yang baik, serta relevan dengan pembelajaranbahasa Inggris di level sekolah dasar.
SOSIALISASI JAJANAN YANG SEHAT BAGI ANAK- ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL
Authors: Nurlita Ita , Ganefwati Rini , Irianto Heru
Published: November 2020

Mengatasi anak yang suka jajan tidaklah mudah, apalagi bila itu terpola cukup lama.Untuk itu diperlukankan pengertian yang lebih mendalam kepada anak-anak sekolah dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan terhadap bahaya mengkomsumsi jajanan tidak sehat sehingga target yang diharapkan timbul kesadaran terhadap pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dengan menghindari jajan tidak sehat tersebut supaya mengkomsumsi makanan yang sehat. Metode yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal dengan program penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga ahli kesehatan ke SDN Pucang IV Sidoarjo, yaitu dokter dari Puskesmas Sidoarjo serta dengan menggunakan media leaflet, siswa akan lebih jelas dan paham terhadap program yang dilakukan. Hasil yang didapat adalah, dengan pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal secara langsung dengan mendatangi ke sekolah yang dituju dan dilakukan oleh para ahli bidang kesehatan, yaitu pemberian materi pengetahuan pada siswa terhadap hal- hal yang menyangkut kesehatan, maka siswa dapat: (1).Belajar menyukai segala jenis makanan yang bergizi seimbang. (2) Membawa dan menghabiskan bekal makanan (3) Melakukan hal baik dengan menjaga kerbersihan, mencuci tangan sebelum makan. (4) Tidak membeli makanan dari pedagang yang menggunakan bahan berbahaya. (5) Memperhatikan komposisi bahan sebelum membeli makanan .
Aplikasi Pengenalan Jenis Narkoba Berbasis Android Pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Pagar Alam
Authors: Arif Alfis
Published: November 2020

Based on observations at the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) Pagar Alam it was found that increased drug abuse among adolescents and their lack of understanding of the dangers posed when consuming drugs. To reduce drug abuse, BNN promotes information on the types of drugs, their impact and prevention of abuse. However, the socialization process incurred considerable costs, was less effective and the lack of interest in the participants to read the brochure because it was monotonous. This research resulted in the introduction of an Android-based type of drug application on BNN Pagar Alam. The system development method is the SDLC method with the waterfall model. With this application can provide information about the types of drugs and how to prevent them.
Penggunaan Alat Mewarnai Gambar Bagi Pemula Menggunakan Metode AHP dan Weight Product
Authors: Syabaniah Rifa Nurafifah , Wibowo Agung , Marsusanti Eva
Published: November 2020

The process of selecting a drawing coloring tool in one of the Cianjur city painting studios takes a long time, because the child must first try each type of drawing coloring tool. based on this problem discussed about the selection of coloring tools for beginners by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Product Weight (WP) methods.  AHP test results obtained five criteria, namely comfort, convenience, safety, color quality and product quality of the ten recommended criteria based on observations and interviews. The five criteria are used as criteria for determining the selection of drawing tools for crayons, colored pencils, watercolors, markers, and oil pastels. the final result of the calculation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method shows that crayons are the most important alternative with a weight value of 0.20. while the test results of the Weighted Product (WP) method conclude that the brand code V4 is the crayon product brand chosen because the brand code V4 has the highest alternative value of the other ten products namely V4 = 0.118.
MODELING THE FAVORABILITY OF CONDITIONS FOR THE DIROFILARIASIS DISTRIBUTION IN THE EUROPEAN RUSSIA
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shedzko M.A. , Mironova V.A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korennoy F.I. ,   FGBI Federal Center for Animal Health (FGBI ARRIAH), Vladimir, Guzeeva T.M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: November 2020

Modeling of the spatial distribution of favorable climatic conditions for transmission of dirofilariasis in European part of Russia was carried out in order to identify the climatic parameters affecting its distribution. To build the model, the method of modeling ecological niches with optimization by the method of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) was used. The following parameters were considered: average annual air temperature, average annual precipitation, maximum temperature of the warmest month and minimum temperature of the coldest month. The most important climatic factor influencing the spread of dirofilariasis are thermal conditions (air temperature). The average annual rainfall has no significant effect. The most favorable territories of European part of Russia include the Black Earth Region, the Rostov Oblast, the Krasnodar Kray and the Crimea.
BIOFILM FORMATION BY YERSINIA PESTIS STRAINS OF THE MAIN AND NON- MAIN SUBSPECIES FROM NATURAL PLAGUE FOCI OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE BODY OF XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS FLEAS
Authors:   Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Irkutsk, Bazanova L.P. , Tokmakova E.G. ,   Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Irkutsk, Voronova G.A. ,   Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Irkutsk
Published: November 2020

The ability to form biofilms (“bacterial lumps” and “blocks”) by strains of different subspecies of Y. pestis in the body of the flea X. cheopis was studied. It was found that strains of the main subspecies form a biofilm almost three times more often than strains of the non-main subspecies – altaica and ulegeica (14.8±2.50 vs. 5.4±1.10). These differences were mainly due to the formation of “blocks” (9.2±1.66 vs. 1.6±0.45), rather than “bacterial lumps” (5.6±1.40 vs. 3.8±0.83). For X. cheopis fleas, infection with strains of the main subspecies in most cases leads to the predominance of massive forms of biofilm – “blocks” – aggregation index >1. When infecting with non-main subspecies pathogen from Central Asian natural foci, the persistence of the microbe in X. cheopis fleas usually occurs in the form of “lumps” and the aggregation index does not exceed 1. The success of transmission by fleas of this species is ensured not by the total number of blocked individuals, but by their presence and, accordingly, by probable blood-sucking during feeding.
浅析公路桥梁施工技术及质量控制
Authors: 刘 磊 , 徐 杰 , 樊 欢 , 陈 偲偲
Published: November 2020

随着社会不断发展进步，各行各业发展朝气蓬勃，服务于经济发展的基础设施建设越来越完善，道路工程建设作为经济活动的重要现实载体取得了极大程度上的发展。为了适应经济更好更快地发展，道路工程建设不断增加和拓展，公路桥梁工程正在如火如荼建设。在道路交通工程中，公路与桥梁是最常见也是最广泛的，同时也是最重要的建造方式，公路桥梁的质量情况，直接影响到该区域经济活动运转情况，因此施工技术与质量必须得到严格监督。由于我国交通基础设施发展起步较晚，在相当一段时间内处于飞速建设阶段，在施工技术与质量控制方面并没有给予足够的重视，这也导致了一些公路桥梁常常出现问题，从而影响区域交通和经济发展速度。
市政园林绿化工程建设与管理策略探讨
Authors: 顾 大成
Published: November 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，是的我国社会经济水平得到了显著的提升，从而为城市化建设工作的全面落实创造了良好的基础。城市建设工作的发展不仅有效的优化了民众的居住的环境，并且也提升了社会经济文明建设工作的效率和效果。园林绿化工程在整个市政工程领域中的作用是非常巨大的，不仅可以起到美化城市的作用，并且其对于生态城市建设工作的实施能够起到积极的辅助作用。但是就当前我国园林绿化工程施工过程中施工技术管理工作实际情况来说，其中还存在诸多的问题，所以我们需要级大力度针对园林工程建设工作实施深入的研究分析，并针对性的编制切实可行的管理制度，为城市建设工作的给予良好的辅助。
浅谈建筑工程管理中全过程造价控制的意义
Authors: 王 文喜
Published: November 2020

近年来，我国综合国力得到了全面的提升，从而为科学技术的发展创造了良好的基础，从而使得大量的新型技术被人们研发出来，并且在实践运用过程中取得了良好的成绩。就我国煤矿生产行业来说，将大量的现金机械设备合理的加以运用，尽管促进了企业经济效益的提升，但是也为煤矿生产工作带来了诸多的危险隐患。所以，煤矿机电技术管理工作人员需要充分结合各方面实际情况来对工作加以优化创新，并且切实的运用最先进的施工技术，将各项危险隐患加以合理的解决，从而确保煤矿生产工作有序开展，提升煤矿生产工作效率不断提升。
Pemanfaatan Energi Surya untuk Penerangan Jalan & Fasilitas Umum di Desa Sukarame Kab. Lebak Banten
Authors: Putri Tri Wahyu Oktaviana , Senen Adri , Simamora Yoakim
Published: November 2020

Jalan sebagai salah satu sarana umum yang vital dalam menghubungkan antar daerah satu ke daerah yang lainnya. Oleh karena itu, keberadaaan penerangan jalan umum (PJU)  adalah hal yang sangat penting demi kelancaran aktivitas warga di malam hari. Tetapi, tidak semua ruas jalan telah terpasang PJU. Misalnya ruas jalan desa di Desa Sukarame, Kec. Sajira, Kab. Lebak, Banten. Desa ini merupakan desa yang dialiri arus listrik tetapi pasokan listrik untuk PJU masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemasangan PJU berupa lampu tenaga surya sebagai alternatif efektif bagi penerangan jalan dan fasilitas umum. Lampu tenaga surya dipilih mengingat lampu tersebut tidak memerlukan pasokan listrik dari rumah warga dan keadaan geografis desa yang sangat potensial untuk memanfaatkan energi surya. Lampu tenaga surya dipasang pada 3 titik strategis yaitu di jalan kampung depan TK, jalan kampung depan lapangan, dan teras mushola. Selain pemasangan lampu untuk penerangan umum, analisis ekonomi juga dilakukan pada kegiatan ini dengan cara membandingkan total biaya yang diperlukan PJU lampu surya dengan total biaya PJU lampu pijar. Walaupun harga PJU tenaga surya lebih mahal, tetapi untuk penggunaan jangka panjang, PJU tenaga surya jauh lebih ekonomis dibandingkan PJU lampu pijar, dengan selisih biayanya sebesar Rp 636.582,80 pertiang dalam jangka waktu pemakaian 3 tahun.
Sosialisasi Keamanan Listrik Rumah Tangga di RW 08 Ciomas Permai, Bogor
Authors: Hasanah Aas Wasri , Pujotomo Isworo , Qosim Muchamad Nur , Koerniawan Tony , Haryati Rinna , Widyastuti Christine , Handayani Oktaria
Published: November 2020

Abstrak

Listrik merupakan bentuk energi yang paling cocok dan tepat bagi kehidupan manusia modern seperti dewasa ini, dimana energi listrik mempunyai fungsi yang dapat memberikan suatu kebutuhan atau pelayanan daya listrik yang diperoleh oleh konsumen, dengan listrik kehidupan manusia menjadi sangat menyenangkan. Televisi, lampu penerangan, lampu lalu lintas, semua menggunakan listrik. Jadi, listrik dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu bentuk hasil teknologi yang sangat vital dalam kehidupan manusia. Dengan kegiatan ini, maka diharapkan masyarakat umum bisa dan paham tentang instalasi listrik yang aman dan penanganan, penanggulangan dari bahaya listrik yang tidak sesuai dengan standarisasi PLN. Sehingga listrik tidak serta merta menjadi kambing hitam setiap saat ada kejadian kebakaran di lingkungan masyarakat, dan sistem tegangan yang digunakan di Indonesia adalah: fasa-tunggal 220 V, dan fasa-tiga 220/380 V dengan frekuensi 50 Hz. Sistem tegangan ini sangat mempengaruhi dan berbahaya bagi keselamatan manusia.

 

Kata kunci : kabel, tegangan, arus, instalasi, konsleting
Pemrograman Mikrokontroler Guna Memperkenalkan Industri 4.0 di SMA Negeri 7 Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Sitorus Meyhart Bangkit , Mangapul Juara , Aziz Hastuti , Pramono Tri , IPM Pawenary , Gifson Albert
Published: November 2020

Today, technology is growing very fast and science in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is still the main topic. The entry of the internet era created Industry 4.0 which is currently being developed by scientists to facilitate human life. Required several fields of science needed to develop Industry 4.0, one of which is programming. The problems obtained by high school students after graduating and then entering college in engineering, especially those majoring in Electrical Engineering are they have just come to know programming. This is due to the elimination of ICT subjects at the high school level since the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. Because high school graduates have no provision in engineering, few also want to improve their education in engineering. This PKM activity is a programming training that becomes the knowledge base for developing Industry 4.0. The training was focused on microcontoler programming using Arduino Uno as a learning medium. At the end of the activity, students were given a questionnaire containing five Likert scales to evaluate how effective the training was conducted. The training was attended by thirty nine students of South Tagerang 7 State High School who were in accordance with the grade XI majoring in science and interested in computer assistance. After the training, the results of the questionnaire concluded that participants "Agree" 61.53% and "Strongly Agree" 33.33% that this training increased their insight into Industry 4.0. The "Strongly Agree" Participant was 43.58% and "Agree" 33.33% that he was interested in exploring the Arduino Microcontroller. Participants "Strongly Agree" 43.58% and "Agree" 41.02% that they want additional lessons on the microcontroller at their school
Desain Instalasi Listrik Bangunan Bertingkat (Studi Kasus: Pesantren Khoiru Ummah Sumedang)
Authors: Hajar Ibnu , Damiri Dhami Johar , Yuliasyah Yuliasyah , Jumiati Jumiati , Lesmana M. Syair Pandu , Romadhoni Muhammad Iqbal
Published: November 2020

The electrical installation is a circuit of  electrical equipment which is interconnected with one another and it is within the scope of the electrical power system. This article is to present the result of social community service (PkM) activity at Boarding School of STP SMP/SMA KU Sumedang, that shows an electrical installation design of multi-storey building. In construction of multi-storey building of this boarding school, they do not have an electrical installation design. So, the design in this article is to provide design drawings of the electrical installation, so it could be guidance of setting up of electrical installation for the new boarding school building. So that, they got the electrical installation safely for human and the equipment, as well reliable and comfort during using electricity. The design drawings that resulted from the social community service are drawings of front look, beside look, wiring, and single line diagram (SLD). Also, resulted total power calculation, protection, and capacity (rating) of MCB, and calculated cable rating (KHA), choosing type and cross-sectional area of cables that will be used in electrical installation design for the boarding school building.
Review of Post-Licence Motorcycle Rider Training in New South Wales
Authors: Blackman Ross , Haworth Narelle , Biggs Herbert , Wishart Darren
Published: November 2020

Fully licensed motorcyclists represented over two thirds of riders killed on New South Wales (NSW) roads from 2010 – 2014. An ongoing need to address crash risks among this cohort is recognised and there is strong support for post-licence rider training (PLRT) among rider advocates and stakeholders. This research, commissioned by Transport for NSW, examined the PLRT environment in NSW to assess the extent to which courses targeted specific rider skills and competencies. Before commencement of this research, key riding competencies were identified by Transport for NSW in consultation with motorcycle stakeholder groups, and included scanning, buffering, setting up brakes, basic motorcycle handling, cornering, and lane positioning. A desktop review of 40 available courses provided an overview of relevant course content, locations and costs. The review was supplemented by interviews with eight training providers to gather information on course structure, components, delivery, promotion and trainee characteristics. The collective information was used to identify which training options support riders’ risk management and promote improved safety outcomes. A wide range of courses was identified, and in most cases there was no standardised curriculum. Most courses appeared to support rider risk management and most also appeared to address roadcraft and defensive riding principles, albeit to varying degrees. Providers noted participant diversity in characteristics, needs and motivations for undertaking rider training, reflecting a need for a diverse range of course offerings including individualised training. Key groups were catered for including returning riders, female riders, inexperienced riders, commercial riders and aspirational racers.
UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DI MASA COVID-19 MELALUI IN HOUSE TRAINING
Authors: Arpius Arpius
Published: November 2020

This research is motivated by government policies regarding distance learning so that teachers play an important role in preparing effective learning for students. Researchers seek to improve teacher competence in compiling lesson plans by conducting in-house training activities. This research was conducted at SDN 014 Teratak Buluh with 9 teachers as research subjects. The instrument used was the teacher competency observation sheet in preparing lesson plans. The results showed that in cycle I the competence of teachers had an average of 67.22 in the sufficient category, then increased in the second cycle to 78.33 which reached the good category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the competence of SDN 014 Teratak Buluh teachers in planning the implementation of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic can increase through in-house training.
Federalism and Money: An Examination of the Taxation Powers in the Federal Systems of Nigeria and Canada
Authors: Achu Chukwuka I.
Published: November 2020

A federal system represents a balance of power between the central and regional governments, especially in multi-ethnic societies. This articles relies on a historical institutional framework in order to examine the differences in the federal systems of Nigeria and Canada with regard to subnational independence and distribution of taxing powers between the levels of government in the federations. It highlights the historical formation of both federal systems and how their respective backgrounds have shaped and influenced the allocation of powers and tax authority. The analysis indicates that the federal system of Nigeria is over-centralised and thus does not meet the standards of true federalism.
The Solemn League and Covenant and the Making of a People in Ulster
Authors: Spurlock R. Scott
Published: November 2020

This article frames the reception of the Solemn League and Covenant within the context of seventeenth-century plantation culture in Ulster. While generally accepted as important in the politics of Ireland, the significance of the Solemn League and Covenant and its meaning to subscribers has been under-appreciated. Moving beyond the broader three-kingdoms meta-narrative, it is argued that the inclusion of Ireland in the Solemn League and Covenant had local roots: a growing network of protestant planters in the north of Ireland who invoked a Scottish-inspired biblical typology as a means of securing their own identity and permanence.
‘Holland and we were bot one in our cause’: The Covenanters’ ‘Dutch’ Reception and Impact
Authors: Mijers Esther
Published: November 2020

This article examines aspects of the reception of the covenanters and their cause in the Dutch republic from the start of the civil wars to the return of the Restoration exiles almost five decades later. It begins by looking at the foundations of the Scottish-Dutch religious relationship before addressing the Dutch reaction to the rise of the covenanters, the arrival of Scottish exiles in the Dutch republic and the formation of several Scottish-Dutch religious networks, with particular attention paid to publishing and translation activities. The article concludes with reflection on the reception and impact of covenanter ideas as interpreted by their Dutch supporters.
Integrated Genetics and Micronutrient Data to Inform the Causal Association Between Serum Calcium Levels and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Meng Qiang , Huang Lu , Tao Kai , Liu Yong , Jing Jiangpeng , Wang Wen , Qin Huaizhou , Feng Dayun , Cai Qing
Published: November 2020

There has been an increased interest for observational studies or randomized controlled trials exploring the impact of calcium intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS). However, a direct relationship between total calcium intake and CVD has not been well established and remains controversial. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been performed to evaluate the causal association between serum calcium levels and CAD risk and found that increased serum calcium levels could increase the risk of CAD. However, MR analysis found no significant association between genetically higher serum calcium levels and IS as well as its subtypes. Hence, three MR studies reported inconsistent effects of serum calcium levels on CAD and IS. Here, we performed an updated MR study to investigate the association of serum calcium levels with the risk of IS using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. We selected 14 independent genetic variants as the potential instrumental variables from a large-scale serum calcium GWAS dataset and extracted summary statistics corresponding to the 14 serum calcium genetic variants from the MEGASTROKE Consortium IS GWAS dataset. Interestingly, we found a significant association between serum calcium levels and IS risk using the robust inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and penalized robust IVW methods, with β = 0.243 andP= 0.002. Importantly, the MR results from the robust MR-Egger and penalized robust MR-Egger methods further supported the causal association between serum calcium levels and IS risk, with β = 0.256 andP= 0.005. Meanwhile, the estimates from other MR methods are also consistent with the above findings.
RETRACTED: MicroRNA-27 Inhibits Autophagy and Promotes Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma Cells by Targeting the NEDD4/Notch1 Axis
Authors: Che Feifei , Chen Jiao , Wan Chunqian , Huang Xiaobing
Published: November 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor disease that seriously affects the health of patients. Previous studies have shown the crucial role of autophagy in the development of MM. Therefore, the study aimed to study the effect of miR-27 on autophagy in MM via NEDD4/Notch1 axis. RT-qPCR or western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of miR-27, NEDD4, and Notch1 in bone marrow tissues and CD138+ plasma cells of patients and MM cells. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in MM cells, proliferation and invasion were assessed by clone formation and Transwell assays. Meanwhile, expression of autophagy-related proteins was measured by western blot analysis, followed by evaluation of autophagosomes and autophagic flow. The targeting relationship was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay, whereas the binding of NEDD4 to Notch1 protein was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. The ubiquitination level of Notch1 protein was detected. A nude mouse tumor model was established to determine the role of miR-27 in MM in vivo. miR-27 and Notch1 upregulation and NEDD4 downregulation were observed in bone marrow tissues and CD138+ plasma cells of patients and MM cells. miR-27 negatively targeted NEDD4, while NEDD4 could specifically bind to Notch1 protein to increase Notch1 ubiquitin degradation in MM cells. miR-27 or Notch1 overexpression or NEDD4 silencing diminished autophagy but enhanced proliferation and invasion of MM cells. miR-27 upregulation promoted the formation of subcutaneous tumor in nude mice. Collectively, miR-27 elevated Notch1 expression by targeting NEDD4 and promoted the development of MM by inhibiting cell autophagy, which provides a new idea and basis for MM treatment.
Down-Regulated FOXO1 in Refractory/Relapse Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zheng Qingqing , Jiang Chuang , Liu Haiyan , Hao Wenge , Wang Pengfei , Huang Haiying , Li Ziping , Qian Jiabi , Qian Maoxiang , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2020

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with an overall prevalence of 4/100,000, accounting for 25–30% of all childhood cancers. With advances in childhood ALL treatment, the cure rate for childhood ALL has exceeded 80% in most countries. However, refractory/relapsed ALL remains a leading cause of treatment failure and subsequent death. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors, but its role in B-cell ALL (B-ALL) has not been determined yet.

Procedures: RNA sequencing was applied to an ALL case with induction failure (IF) to identify the possible genetic events. A cytokine-dependent growth assay in Ba/F3 cells was used to test the leukemic transformation capacity of MEIS1–FOXO1. The propidium iodide (PI) staining method was used to evaluate the effect of MEIS1–FOXO1 on cycle distribution. FOXO1 transactivity was examined using a luciferase reporter assay. FOXO1 mRNA expression levels were examined using real-time quantitative PCR among 40 children with B-ALL treated with the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol. Association analysis was performed to test the correlation of FOXO1 transcription with childhood B-ALL prognosis and relapse in a series of GEO datasets. An MTT assay was performed to test the drug sensitivity.

Results: In this ALL case with IF, we identified a novel MEIS1–FOXO1 fusion gene. The transactivity of MEIS1–FOXO1 was significantly lower than that of wild-type FOXO1. MEIS1–FOXO1 potentiated leukemia transformation and promoted Ba/F3 cell cycle S-phase entry. Low FOXO1 transcription levels were found to be strongly associated with unfavorable ALL subtype, minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity, and relapse. Lower FOXO1 expression was associated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide resistance.

Conclusions: Low FOXO1 transcription was associated with high-risk stratification and relapse in children with B-ALL, probably due to multi-drug resistance.
CC-223, NSC781406, and BGT226 Exerts a Cytotoxic Effect Against Pancreatic Cancer Cells via mTOR Signaling
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Zhu Hengyue , Weng Min , Zhang Hewei , Wang Cheng , Sun Linxiao
Published: November 2020

The mTOR signaling pathway is abnormally activated in pancreatic cancer and is related to tumor glucose metabolism. However, its specific regulation mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether Sestrin2 affects the glucose metabolism of pancreatic cancer by modulating mTOR signal and then affects its biological behavior. We have observed that l-leucine can promote the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and increase the expression of Sestrin2 and p-mTOR proteins. In order to further study the role of Sestrin2 and mTOR signaling in pancreatic cancer, we conducted Sestrin2 overexpression and mTOR pharmacological inhibition experiments. We found that Sestrin2 overexpression can increase glycolysis of pancreatic cancer cells and promote their proliferation. This effect can be eliminated by mTOR inhibitors. Finally, we found that Sestrin2 knockdown could inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Sestrin2 may promote the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer through mTOR signaling.
Identifying Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns Through Multi-Level Latent Profile Analyses: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chaojie , Zhang Xinping , Liu Chenxi
Published: November 2020

Background: Overuse of antibiotics significantly fuels the development of Antimicrobial resistance, which threating the global population health. Great variations existed in antibiotic prescribing practices among physicians, indicating improvement potential for rational use of antibiotics. This study aims to identify antibiotic prescribing patterns of primary care physicians and potential determinants.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 551 physicians from 67 primary care facilities in Hubei selected through random cluster sampling, tapping into their knowledge, attitudes and prescribing practices toward antibiotics. Prescriptions (n = 501,072) made by the participants from 1 January to March 31, 2018 were extracted from the medical records system. Seven indicators were calculated for each prescriber: average number of medicines per prescription, average number of antibiotics per prescription, percentage of prescriptions containing antibiotics, percentage of antibiotic prescriptions containing broad-spectrum antibiotics, percentage of antibiotic prescriptions containing parenteral administered antibiotics, percentage of antibiotic prescriptions containing restricted antibiotics, and percentage of antibiotic prescriptions containing antibiotics included in the WHO “Watch and Reserve” list. Two-level latent profile analyses were performed to identify the antibiotic prescribing patterns of physicians based on those indicators. Multi-nominal logistic regression models were established to identify determinants with the antibiotic prescribing patterns.

Results: On average, each primary care physician issued 909 (ranging from 100 to 11,941 with a median of 474) prescriptions over the study period. The mean percentage of prescriptions containing antibiotics issued by the physicians reached 52.19% (SD = 17.20%). Of those antibiotic prescriptions, an average of 82.29% (SD = 15.83%) contained broad-spectrum antibiotics; 71.92% (SD = 21.42%) contained parenteral administered antibiotics; 23.52% (SD = 19.12%) contained antibiotics restricted by the regional government; and 67.74% (SD = 20.98%) contained antibiotics listed in the WHO “Watch and Reserve” list. About 28.49% of the prescribers were identified as low antibiotic users, compared with 51.18% medium users and 20.33% high users. Higher use of antibiotics was associated with insufficient knowledge, indifference to changes, complacency with satisfied patients, low household income and rural location of the prescribers.

Conclusion: Great variation in antibiotic prescribing patterns exists among primary care physicians in Hubei of China. High use of antibiotics is not only associated with knowledge shortfalls but also low socioeconomic status of prescribers.
Neuroprotective Effects of Safflower Flavonoid Extract in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Model of Parkinson’s Disease May Be Related to its Anti-Inflammatory Action
Authors: Lei Hui , Ren Rutong , Sun Yi , Zhang Ke , Zhao Xin , Ablat Nuramatjan , Pu Xiaoping
Published: November 2020

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius. L.), a Chinese materia medica, is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, with flavonoids being the major active components. Multiple flavonoids in safflower bind to Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related protein DJ-1. Safflower flavonoid extract (SAFE) improved behavioral indicators in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of PD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used a 6-OHDA-induced mouse model of PD and a primary neuron-astrocyte coculture system to determine the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of SAFE. After three weeks of SAFE administration, behavioral indicators of PD mice were improved. SAFE regulated the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine metabolism. It significantly inhibited the activation of astrocytes surrounding the substantia nigra and reduced Iba-1 protein level in the striatum of PD mice. SAFE reduced the plasma content of inflammatory factors and suppressed the activation of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. In the coculture system, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and anhydrosafflor yellow B significantly improved neuronal survival, suppressed neuronal apoptosis, and reduced IL-1β and IL-10 levels in the medium. Thus, SAFE showed a significant anti-PD effect, which is mainly associated with flavonoid anti-inflammatory activities.
A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Dye Displacement Assay for the Rapid Visual Detection of Amphetamine in Urine
Authors: Lowdon Joseph W. , Eersels Kasper , Arreguin-Campos Rocio , Caldara Manlio , Heidt Benjamin , Rogosic Renato , Jimenez-Monroy Kathia L. , Cleij Thomas J. , Diliën Hanne , van Grinsven Bart
Published: November 2020

The rapid sensing of drug compounds has traditionally relied on antibodies, enzymes and electrochemical reactions. These technologies can frequently produce false positives/negatives and require specific conditions to operate. Akin to antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a more robust synthetic alternative with the ability to bind a target molecule with an affinity comparable to that of its natural counterparts. With this in mind, the research presented in this article introduces a facile MIP-based dye displacement assay for the detection of (±) amphetamine in urine. The selective nature of MIPs coupled with a displaceable dye enables the resulting low-cost assay to rapidly produce a clear visual confirmation of a target’s presence, offering huge commercial potential. The following manuscript characterizes the proposed assay, drawing attention to various facets of the sensor design and optimization. To this end, synthesis of a MIP tailored towards amphetamine is described, scrutinizing the composition and selectivity (ibuprofen, naproxen, 2-methoxphenidine, quetiapine) of the reported synthetic receptor. Dye selection for the development of the displacement assay follows, proceeded by optimization of the displacement process by investigating the time taken and the amount of MIP powder required for optimum displacement. An optimized dose–response curve is then presented, introducing (±) amphetamine hydrochloride (0.01–1 mg mL−1) to the engineered sensor and determining the limit of detection (LoD). The research culminates in the assay being used for the analysis of spiked urine samples (amphetamine, ibuprofen, naproxen, 2-methoxphenidine, quetiapine, bupropion, pheniramine, bromopheniramine) and evaluating its potential as a low-cost, rapid and selective method of analysis.
Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained d-Glu-meso-DAP Analogs as Innate Immune Agonists
Authors: Guzelj Samo , Jakopin Žiga
Published: November 2020

The dipeptide d-Glu-meso-DAP (iE-DAP) is the minimal structural fragment capable of activating the innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD1). The meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) moiety is known to be very stringent in terms of the allowed structural modifications which still retain the NOD1 activity. The aim of our study was to further explore the chemical space around the meso-DAP portion and provide a deeper understanding of the structural features required for NOD1 agonism. In order to achieve the rigidization of the terminal amine functionality of meso-DAP, isoxazoline and pyridine heterocycles were introduced into its side-chain. Further, we incorporated the obtained meso-DAP mimetics into the structure of iE-DAP. Collectively, nine innovative iE-DAP derivatives additionally equipped with lauroyl or didodecyl moieties at the α-amino group of d-Glu have been prepared and examined for their NOD1 activating capacity. Overall, the results obtained indicate that constraining the terminal amino group of meso-DAP abrogates the compounds’ ability to activate NOD1, since only compound 6b retained noteworthy NOD1 agonistic activity, and underpin the stringent nature of this amino acid with regard to the allowed structural modifications.
Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats
Authors: Stawarska Agnieszka , Lepionka Tomasz , Białek Agnieszka , Gawryjołek Martyna , Bobrowska-Korczak Barbara
Published: November 2020

Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous solution of Momordica charantia affects the metabolism of fatty acids, fatty acids composition and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat liver. Animals (Sprague-Dawley female rats, n = 48) were divide into four equinumerous groups and fed as a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with PSO, BME or both PSO and BME for 21 weeks. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. PSO added to the diet increased the rumenic acid content (p < 0.0001) and increased accumulation of n-6 fatty acids (p = 0.0001) in hepatic tissue. Enrichment of the diet either with PSO or with BME reduced the activity of Δ6-desaturase (D6D) (p = 0.0019), whereas the combination of those dietary factors only slightly increased the effect. Applied dietary supplements significantly reduced the PGE2 level (p = 0.0021). No significant intensification of the influence on the investigated parameters resulted from combined application of PSO and BME. PSO and BME have potential health-promoting properties because they influence fatty acids composition and exhibit an inhibiting effect on the activity of desaturases and thus they contribute to the reduction in the metabolites of arachidonic acid (especially PGE2).