bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeological characterization throughout deep geophysical investigations in the Verrès plain (Aosta Valley, north-western Italian Alps)
Authors: Capodaglio Pietro , Naldi Mario , Simonetto Fulvio
Published: March 2017

Although fresh water availability in the Aosta Valley (north-western Italian Alps) is generally granted by glaciers and snow seasonal melting at high altitudes, hydrogeological conditions are not favorable everywhere. Most part of the territory is typically mountainous, with prevailing metamorphic rocks and, secondarily, glacial deposits. Relevant ground water bodies can be found only in the main bottom valley, where glacial excavation, fluvio-glacial and lacustrine sedimentation had maximum intensity, allowing the deposition of important thickness of porous materials. Nevertheless, the geological knowledge of the subsurface is here still poor. These groundwater bodies are monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Aosta Valley Region (ARPA Valle d’Aosta), according to the Italian law (D.Lgs.30/09). This study deals with geophysical investigations in the Verrès plain aquifer (southern Aosta Valley). The main goal of the study has been the first evaluation of groundwater research in potential deep aquifers. Different geophysical methodologies were applied (ERT, TDEM, HVSR, and Re.Mi.), in order to identify the deep aquifer geometry and the rock basement depth.
Ambra1 spatially regulates Src activity and Src/FAK-mediated cancer cell invasion via trafficking networks
Authors: Schoenherr Christina , Byron Adam , Sandilands Emma , Paliashvili Ketevan , Baillie George S , Garcia-Munoz Amaya , Valacca Cristina , Cecconi Francesco , Serrels Bryan , Frame Margaret C
Published: March 2017

Here, using mouse squamous cell carcinoma cells, we report a completely new function for the autophagy protein Ambra1 as the first described ‘spatial rheostat’ controlling the Src/FAK pathway. Ambra1 regulates the targeting of active phospho-Src away from focal adhesions into autophagic structures that cancer cells use to survive adhesion stress. Ambra1 binds to both FAK and Src in cancer cells. When FAK is present, Ambra1 is recruited to focal adhesions, promoting FAK-regulated cancer cell direction-sensing and invasion. However, when Ambra1 cannot bind to FAK, abnormally high levels of phospho-Src and phospho-FAK accumulate at focal adhesions, positively regulating adhesion and invasive migration. Spatial control of active Src requires the trafficking proteins Dynactin one and IFITM3, which we identified as Ambra1 binding partners by interaction proteomics. We conclude that Ambra1 is a core component of an intracellular trafficking network linked to tight spatial control of active Src and FAK levels, and so crucially regulates their cancer-associated biological outputs.
Annual net community production in the subtropical Pacific Ocean from in situ oxygen measurements on profiling floats
Authors: Yang Bo , Emerson Steven R. , Bushinsky Seth M.
Published: March 2017

Annual net community production (ANCP) in the subtropical Pacific Ocean was determined by using annual oxygen measurements from Argo profiling floats with an upper water column oxygen mass balance model. ANCP was determined to be from 2.0 to 2.4 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the western subtropical North Pacific, 2.4 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the eastern subtropical North Pacific, and near zero in the subtropical South Pacific. Error analysis with the main sources of uncertainty being the accuracy of oxygen measurements and the parameterization of bubble fluxes in winter suggested an uncertainty of ~0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 in subtropical Pacific. The results are in good agreement with previous observations in locations where ANCP has been determined before. These are the first results from the western subtropical North Pacific and subtropical South Pacific where ANCP have not been evaluated before. ANCP for the subtropical South Pacific is significantly lower than in all other open ocean locations where it has been determined by mass balance. Comparison of our observations with net biological carbon export estimated from remote sensing algorithms indicates that observations from the subtropical North Pacific are higher than the satellite estimates, but those in the subtropical South Pacific are lower than satellite‐determined carbon export.
Overtopping induced failure of noncohesive, homogeneous fluvial dikes
Authors: Rifai Ismail , Erpicum Sebastien , Archambeau Pierre , Violeau Damien , Pirotton Michel , El Kadi Abderrezzak Kamal , Dewals Benjamin
Published: March 2017

Accurate predictions of breach characteristics are necessary to reliably estimate the outflow hydrograph and the resulting inundation close to fluvial dikes. Laboratory experiments on the breaching of fluvial sand dikes were performed, considering a flow parallel to the dike axis. The breach was triggered by overtopping the dike crest. A detailed monitoring of the transient evolution of the breach geometry was conducted, providing key insights into the gradual and complex processes involved in fluvial dike failure. The breach develops in two phases: (1) the breach becomes gradually wider and deeper eroding on the downstream side along the main channel and (2) breach widening controlled by side slope failures, continuing in the downstream direction only. Increasing the inflow discharge in the main channel, the breach formation time decreases significantly and the erosion occurs preferentially on the downstream side. The downstream boundary condition has a strong influence on the breach geometry and the resulting outflow hydrograph.
Pore pressure migration during hydraulic stimulation due to permeability enhancement by low‐pressure subcritical fracture slip
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Moriya Hirokazu , Ito Takatoshi , Asanuma Hiroshi , Häring Markus
Published: March 2017

Understanding the details of pressure migration during hydraulic stimulation is important for the design of an energy extraction system and reservoir management, as well as for the mitigation of hazardous‐induced seismicity. Based on microseismic and regional stress information, we estimated the pore pressure increase required to generate shear slip on an existing fracture during stimulation. Spatiotemporal analysis of pore pressure migration revealed that lower pore pressure migrates farther and faster and that higher pore pressure migrates more slowly. These phenomena can be explained by the relationship between fracture permeability and stress state criticality. Subcritical fractures experience shear slip following smaller increases of pore pressure and promote migration of pore pressure because of their enhanced permeability. The difference in migration rates between lower and higher pore pressures suggests that the optimum wellhead pressure is the one that can stimulate relatively permeable fractures, selectively. Its selection optimizes economic benefits and minimizes seismic risk.
The Confident Co‐witness: The Effects of Misinformation on Memory After Collaborative Discussion
Authors: Goodwin Kerri A. , Hannah Passion J. , Nicholl Meg C. , Ferri Jenna M.
Published: March 2017

We explored the influence of co‐witness confidence and misinformation on the accuracy of collaborative and individual memory reports. Participants viewed a robbery video and discussed the event with a co‐witness who was scripted to provide accurate or misleading details and to exhibit either high or low memory confidence. In a demonstration of memory conformity in co‐witness discussions, highly confident co‐witnesses who provided misleading or correct details led participants to report more misleading or correct information in both collaborative and individual reports. Furthermore, participants exhibited a confidence conformity effect, in which participants' confidence in their own memories mimicked the confidence of their co‐witnesses.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sputtered Titanium Carbide Thick Film for High Areal Energy on Chip Carbon‐Based Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Létiche Manon , Brousse Kevin , Demortière Arnaud , Huang Peihua , Daffos Barbara , Pinaud Sébastien , Respaud Marc , Chaudret Bruno , Roussel Pascal , Buchaillot Lionel , Taberna Pierre Louis , Simon Patrice , Lethien Christophe
Published: March 2017

The areal energy density of on‐chip micro‐supercapacitors should be improved in order to obtain autonomous smart miniaturized sensors. To reach this goal, high surface capacitance electrode (>100 mF cm−2) has to be produced while keeping low the footprint area. For carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) micro‐supercapacitors, the properties of the metal carbide precursor have to be fine‐tuned to fabricate thick electrodes. The ad‐atoms diffusion process and atomic peening effect occurring during the titanium carbide sputtering process are shown to be the key parameters to produce low stress, highly conductive, and thick TiC films. The sputtered TiC at 10−3 mbar exhibits a high stress level, limiting the thickness of the TiC‐CDC electrode to 1.5 µm with an areal capacitance that is less than 55 mF cm−2 in aqueous electrolyte. The pressure increase up to 10−2 mbar induces a clear reduction of the stress level while the layer thickness increases without any degradation of the TiC electronic conductivity. The volumetric capacitance of the TiC‐CDC electrodes is equal to 350 F cm−3 regardless of the level of pressure. High values of areal capacitance (>100 mF cm−2) are achieved, whereas the TiC layer is relatively thick, which paves the way toward high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors.
Over 100 cd A−1 Efficient Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Inverted Tandem Structure
Authors: Zhang Heng , Sun Xiaowei , Chen Shuming
Published: March 2017

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) with tandem structure are promising candidates for future displays because of their advantages of pure emission color, long lifetime, high brightness, and high efficiency. To obtain efficient QLEDs, a solution‐processable interconnecting layer (ICL) based on poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate/ZnMgO is developed. With the proposed ICL, all‐solution‐processed, inverted, tandem QLEDs are demonstrated with high current efficiency (CE) of 57.06 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.65%. By further optimizing the fabrication processes and using a hybrid deposition technique, the resultant tandem QLEDs exhibit a very high CE over 100 cd A−1 and an impressive EQE over 23%, which are the highest values ever reported and are comparable with those of the state‐of‐the‐art phosphorescent organic LEDs. Moreover, the efficiency roll‐off, a notorious phenomenon in phosphorescent LEDs, is significantly reduced in the developed QLEDs. For example, even at a very high brightness over 200 000 cd m−2, the tandem QLEDs can still maintain a high CE of 96.47 cd A−1 and an EQE of 22.62%. The proposed ICL and the developed fabrication methods allow for realization of very efficient tandem QLEDs for next generation display and lighting applications.
Hydrogel Based Biosensors for In Vitro Diagnostics of Biochemicals, Proteins, and Genes
Authors: Jung Il Young , Kim Ji Su , Choi Bo Ram , Lee Kyuri , Lee Hyukjin
Published: March 2017

Hydrogel‐based biosensors have drawn considerable attention due to their various advantages over conventional detection systems. Recent studies have shown that hydrogel biosensors can be excellent alternative systems to detect a wide range of biomolecules, including small biochemicals, pathogenic proteins, and disease specific genes. Due to the excellent physical properties of hydrogels such as the high water content and stimuli‐responsive behavior of cross‐linked network structures, this system can offer substantial improvement for the design of novel detection systems for various diagnostic applications. The other main advantage of hydrogels is the role of biomimetic three‐dimensional (3D) matrix immobilizing enzymes and aptamers within the detection systems, which enhances their stability. This provides ideal reaction conditions for enzymes and aptamers to interact with substrates within the aqueous environment of the hydrogel. In this review, we have highlighted various novel detection approaches utilizing the outstanding properties of the hydrogel. This review summarizes the recent progress of hydrogel‐based biosensors and discusses their future perspectives and clinical limitations to overcome.
Materials, Devices and Systems of Soft Bioelectronics for Precision Therapy
Authors: Wu Hao , Gao Wei , Yin Zhouping
Published: March 2017

The potential applications of soft bioelectronics in biomedical research and clinical trials have inspired a great deal of research interest in the past decade. While there has been significant amount of work in the fabrication and characterization of soft and stretchable sensors for monitoring of physical conditions and vital signs of human body, the development of soft bioelectronics based medical treatment and intervention systems has just begun. In addition to health monitoring, active treatments are essential for disease control in the healthcare domain, and medical therapy and surgery realized by sophisticated soft bioelectronic systems are better demonstrations of their utility in healthcare. In this Research News, we summarize recent key research achievements in soft bioelectronics enabled precision therapy, with emphasis on drug delivery, therapeutic and surgical mechanisms and tools enabled by integrated systems. Challenges in technology development and prospects for commercialization are also discussed.
Critical Role of Cations in Lithium Sites on Extended Electrochemical Reversibility of Co‐Rich Layered Oxide
Authors: Cho Woongrae , Myeong Seungjun , Kim Namhyung , Lee Sanghan , Kim Youngki , Kim Maengsuk , Kang Seok Ju , Park Noejung , Oh Pilgun , Cho Jaephil
Published: March 2017

Only a very limited amount of the high theoretical energy density of LiCoO2 as a cathode material has been realized, due to its irreversible deterioration when more than 0.6 mol of lithium ions are extracted. In this study, new insights into the origin of such low electrochemical reversibility, namely the structural collapse caused by electrostatic repulsion between oxygen ions during the charge process are suggested. By incorporating the partial cation migration of LiNiO2, which produces a screen effect of cations in the 3b‐Li site, the phase distortion of LiCoO2 is successfully delayed which in turn expands its electrochemical reversibility. This study elucidates the relationship between the structural reversibility and electrochemical behavior of layered cathode materials and enables new design of Co‐rich layered materials for cathodes with high energy density.
Brush‐type surface modification of kapton with a new approach
Authors: Vural Sema , Seckin Turgay
Published: March 2017

In this study, polystyrene‐ and poly(methyl methacrylate)‐grafted polyimide films were prepared successfully using click chemistry and the ATRP technique. Firstly, kapton films were prepared from stepwise thermal imidization of polyamic acid. Surface modification of kapton films was then achieved by chloromethylation followed by the azide decoration process. For surface grafting of kapton films, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) as alkyne functional polymers were prepared with alkyne and bromine double functionality using propargyl‐2‐bromopropionate as an initiator. A coupling reaction with azide‐decorated PI surface and alkyne functional polymers was achieved via the Huisgen‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and GPC techniques were used to characterize the grafted polyimides. According to the TG analysis, kapton film was modified at the rate of 8% and 10% with PS and PMMA, respectively.
Oxytocin treatment in children with Prader–Willi syndrome: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study
Authors: Miller Jennifer L. , Tamura Roy , Butler Merlin G. , Kimonis Virginia , Sulsona Carlos , Gold June‐Anne , Driscoll Daniel J.
Published: March 2017

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, complex multisystem genetic disorder which includes hypothalamic dysfunction, hyperphagia, cognitive and behavioral problems, increased anxiety, and compulsive behaviors. Individuals with PWS have a deficit of oxytocin producing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Oxytocin plays a role in regulation of feeding behaviors, social interactions, and emotional reactivity, which are all issues that significantly affect the quality of life for individuals with this syndrome. We performed a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 24 children with PWS at three academic institutions using 5 days of intranasal oxytocin (IN‐OT) or 5 days of intranasal placebo spray, followed by a 4 week washout period, and then patients returned for 5 days of treatment with the alternate source. Questionnaires, including the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Social Responsiveness Scale, Repetitive Behavior Scale − Revised, and the Hyperphagia Questionnaire, as well as Clinical Global Impression scales were administered. Blood testing for sodium, potassium, and glucose levels on days 2, 4, and 6, and a 24 hr diet recall. All scales factor improvement from Day 3 to Day 6 favored oxytocin over placebo. No single factor showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups at Day 6. The drug effect appeared to be diminished at Day 14. There was no evidence of a difference between oxytocin and placebo in safety lab parameters, 60 min post dose vital signs, weight, or diet parameters. The results from this study suggest that low dose intranasal oxytocin is safe for individuals with PWS and may result in reduction in appetite drive, and improvements in socialization, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. Further, long‐term studies with a larger population of participants are necessary to confirm these findings. The results of this study are encouraging that oxytocin may be a safe and effective treatment for many of the issues that negatively impact individuals with PWS.
Preparation and investigation of structural, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of aluminum‐doped strontium ferrite/MWCNT/polyaniline nanocomposite at KU‐band frequency
Authors: Peymanfar Reza , Javidan Abdollah , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: March 2017

Aluminum‐doped strontium hexaferrite nanoparticle SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19 was prepared by sol–gel method and polyaniline (PANi) multiphase magnetic nanocomposite SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT/PANi was synthesized through a sonochemical method by in situ polymerization. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency was evaluated in the KU‐band (12.4–18 GHz). The reflection loss (RL) value showed that the composites have an excellent absorbing property in the KU‐band, minimum −24.93 dB at 16.40 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.81 GHz (shielding effectiveness up to 10 dB) at a matching thickness 6.5 mm. The RL value of the SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT nanocomposite was −15.92 dB at 15.84 GHz with a bandwidth of 1.66 GHz (with a shielding effectiveness up to 10 dB). These results disclose the remarkable microwave shielding ability of SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT/PANi in KU‐band due to the interactive effect of the three components. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45135.
Prenatal and Postnatal Assessment in Rabbits with Evacetrapib: A Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor
Authors: Breslin William J. , Hilbish Kim G. , Cannady Ellen A. , Edwards Tammy L.
Published: March 2017

Background

Evacetrapib, a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), was under development for the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The purpose of this pre‐postnatal study in rabbits was to evaluate the effects of evacetrapib on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation of the maternal animals and on the growth, viability, development, and reproductive performance of the first filial (F1) offspring. The rabbit is considered a relevant species for toxicity testing with evacetrapib as it demonstrates significant CETP expression, whereas mice and rats do not express significant levels of CETP.

Methods

Evacetrapib was administered daily by oral gavage from gestation day (GD) 7 through lactation day (LD) 41 at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day.

Results

There were no adverse effects on maternal survival, clinical signs, gestation length, parturition, and litter size. There were no effects on F1 clinical observations, body weight, sexual maturation, conditioned eye blink, functional observational battery, or pathology findings. Treatment‐related decreases in F1 postnatal survival and equivocal reductions in F1 mating, fertility, and copulation/conception indices without changes in sperm parameters or pathology of reproductive organs were noted in F1 animals.

Conclusions

The maternal no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) after evacetrapib administration in female rabbits was 100 mg/kg/day. Based on the decreased F1 postnatal survival and equivocal changes in F1 fertility, the NOAEL for F1 neonatal developmental was 30 mg/kg/day. Birth Defects Research 109:486–496, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On‐demand tuned hazard free elastomeric composites: A green approach
Authors: Manoharan Partheban , Chandra Das Narayan , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: March 2017

Rising ecological concerns and depletion of the potentially harmful environmental impacts caused by rubber products, are of prime importance in the industry. Therefore, implementation of sustainable greener materials is required to minimize the detrimental influences. In this research, we investigated the beneficial influence of naturally derived bio‐resin toward the effects of association with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in highly dispersible silica (HDS) reinforced Natural rubber (NR)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)‐based composites. This novel green composite offers impressive properties which were analyzed based on bound rubber content, transmission electron microscopy, physico‐mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and cure characteristics. Nanoindentation studies demonstrated the enhanced hysteresis phenomenon of the green composites. The small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) characterization has been studied by using a Beaucage model and results corroborates that the insertion of bio‐resin exhibits ameliorated state of silica dispersion in the green composites. Overall, the study with the bio‐resin has provided the impetus in employing it as an alternative to the expensive synthetic route of silane coupling agent and toxic process oil.
LC/QTOF profile and preliminary stability studies of an enriched flavonoid fraction of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul leaves with potential antidepressant‐like activity
Authors: Ortmann Caroline Flach , Abelaira Helena Mendes , Réus Gislaine Zilli , Ignácio Zuleide Maria , Chaves Vitor Clasen , dos Santos Talitha Caldas , de Carvalho Pâmela , Carlessi Anelise Scussel , Bruchchen Livia , Danielski Lucineia G. , Cardoso Simone Gonçalves , de Campos Angela Machado , Petronilho Fabricia , Rebelo Joyce , dos Santos Morais Meline Oliveira , Vuolo Francieli , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe , Streck Emilio Luiz , Quevedo João , Reginatto Flávio Henrique
Published: March 2017

There is increasing interest in natural antioxidants that are candidates for the prevention of brain damage occurring in major depressive disorders. Cecropia pachystachya is a tropical tree species of Central and South America and a rich source of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. The aim of this study was to characterize the flavonoid profile of an enriched flavonoid fraction of C. pachystachya (EFF‐Cp) and evaluate the antidepressant‐like effects of its acute administration in behavior, cytokine levels, oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters. The EFF‐Cp chemical characterization was performed by HPLC/DAD and LC/QTOF. The antidepressant‐like effects were performed by the forced swimming test, splash test and open field test. EFF‐Cp revealed 15 flavonoids, including seven new glycosyl flavonoids for C. pachystachya. Quantitatively, EFF‐Cp showed isoorientin (43.46 mg/g), orientin (23.42 mg/g) and isovitexin (17.45 mg/g) as major C‐glycosyl flavonoids. In addition, EFF‐Cp at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test, without changing the locomotor activity and grooming time. In addition, EFF‐Cp was able to prevent the oxidative damage in some brain areas. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that EFF‐Cp exerts antidepressant‐like effects with its antioxidant properties.
RP‐HPLC enantioseparation of β‐adrenolytics using micellar mobile phase without organic solvents
Authors: Alwera Shiv , Bhushan Ravi
Published: March 2017

Enantioseparation of a few commonly administered racemic β‐adrenolytics (namely, carvedilol, betaxolol, salbutamol and bisoprolol) has been achieved using a water micellar mobile phase containing surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate and Brij‐35) without organic solvents as a new approach in RP‐HPLC. Two chiral derivatizing reagents based on enantiomerically pure (S)‐(−)‐levofloxacin were synthesized using N‐hydroxysuccinimide and N‐hydroxybenzotriazole as the activation auxiliaries. Diastereomeric derivatives of the chosen β‐adrenolytics were synthesized under microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time. The (S)‐(−)‐levofloxacin moiety enhanced molar absorbance of the diastereomeric derivatives resulting in very low limit of detection (1.618 and 4.902 ng/mL, respectively, for diastereomeric derivatives of (RS)‐betaxolol and better resolution with lower retention times (for all the analytes), in comparison to literature reports. There was 15–20 times less consumption of mobile phase because of lower retention time.
TRPA1 contributed to the neuropathic pain induced by docetaxel treatment
Authors: Huang Kun , Bian Donglin , Jiang Bin , Zhai Qixi , Gao Ningning , Wang Ruiying
Published: March 2017

Peripheral mechanical neuropathic pain is a serious side effect of docetaxel chemotherapy for cancer. However, the underlying mechanism for this side effect is unknown. In the present study, we found that docetaxel treatment induced mechanical allodynia in rats. We further revealed that the transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 protein (TRPA1) protein level is upregulated and the TRPA1 activator allyl isothiocyanate induced larger ion currents in the dorsal root ganglion neurons from the docetaxel treated rats. In addition, application the TRPA1 blocker Ap18 reversed the docetaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We suggest that the docetaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia is mediated by upregulation of TRPA1 in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Variation in practice and concordance with guideline criteria for length of stay after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Din Jehangir N. , Snow Thomas M. , Rao Sunil V. , Klinke W. Peter , Nadra Imad J. , Della Siega Anthony , Robinson Simon D.
Published: March 2017

Background

Considerable variability remains as regards the appropriate and safe length of stay after elective PCI. We performed a survey of interventional cardiologists to identify current views on appropriate and safe length of stay after PCI.

Methods

We created an online survey using the commercially available SurveyMonkey application. This was sent to interventional cardiologists in the US, Canada and the UK with the assistance of the national interventional cardiology societies (SCAI, CAIC/CCS, BCIS/BCS) as well as being made available on the theheart.org website.

Results

505 interventional cardiologists responded, of which 237 were practicing in the US. Of those from the US, 52% were not aware of any guidelines for length of stay and 48% reported that their unit did not have a standard practice for length of stay. Same‐day discharge after PCI was practiced as routine by 14% of cardiologists in the US versus 32% of cardiologists from Canada (P = 0.003) and 57% (P < 0.0001) from the UK. Amongst respondents, there was significant variation between respondents and divergence from published SCAI guidelines regarding appropriate length of stay for patient specific and procedural related clinical factors.

Conclusions

There is considerable variation in practice patterns regarding length of stay after PCI. Whilst most cardiologists practice overnight observation, a significant minority utilize same‐day discharge. There is also lack of familiarity with published guidelines. This variation and knowledge gap confirms an urgent need for updated guidelines and a concerted effort to educate cardiologists on appropriate post‐PCI length of stay. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes with Silanes Catalyzed by Nickel N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Lopes Rita , Pereira Mariette M. , Royo Beatriz
Published: March 2017

An efficient catalytic system for the reduction of nitroarenes to amines was developed using a well‐defined nickel–NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex as catalyst and phenylsilane as reducing agent. The excellent activity of the catalyst provides access to anilines containing a wide array of reactive functionalities at 20 °C, and without using any base or additive. Notably, the catalytic system allows the reduction of 5,10,15,20‐tetra‐(nitrophenyl)porphyrin (TNPP) and CuII β‐nitroporphyrin to the corresponding aminoporphyrins.
Nickel Phosphide/Silica Catalysts for the Gas‐Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural to High–Added–Value Chemicals
Authors: Jiménez‐Gómez Carmen P. , Cecilia Juan A. , Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Maireles‐Torres Pedro
Published: March 2017

A series of Ni2P‐based catalysts supported on a commercial silica with a metallic Ni loading of 5–20 wt. % and an initial P/Ni molar ratio of 0–3 was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. Catalyst precursors were reduced and characterized by using XRD, CO chemisorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, N2 adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and then tested in the gas‐phase hydrogenation of furfural. Almost full furfural conversion and a 2‐methylfuran yield of 73 % can be achieved with the Ni2P‐based catalyst with a Ni content of 15 wt. % at 190 °C after 5 h of time on stream. The high selectivity towards 2‐methylfuran is attributed to both the high hydrogenating capacity of the metallic sites to lead to furfuryl alcohol and the presence of reduced P species that favor the hydrogenolysis process. However, catalysts undergo deactivation along the catalytic test because of the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the form of coke and adsorption of reactants and/or products.
Chlorine‐Tolerant Ruthenium Catalyst Derived Using the Unique Anion‐Exchange Properties of 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Li Jiang , Kitano Masaaki , Ye Tian‐Nan , Sasase Masato , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Hosono Hideo
Published: March 2017

Poisoning is defined as deactivation by the strong adsorption of, usually, impurities on active sites, which is a serious problem in many important catalytic processes. For example, the activity of Ru catalysts is significantly degraded by Cl in ammonia synthesis because of its electron‐withdrawing properties. Here we demonstrate that 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 with subnanometer‐sized cages prevents the poisoning of a Ru catalyst by Cl− ions in ammonia synthesis. Conventional supported Ru catalysts exhibit a negligible activity if a tiny amount of Cl− ions remain on the catalyst surface. In contrast, the catalytic activity of Ru/C12A7 is not influenced by Cl− ions even though the amount of Cl in Ru/C12A7 is one order of magnitude higher than that in the conventional Ru catalysts. The Cl resistance of Ru/C12A7 is attributed to the unique anion‐exchange properties of C12A7; that is, the Cl− ions are trapped preferentially in the positively charged subnanometer‐sized cages of C12A7 instead of OH− ions under ammonia synthesis conditions.
Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Cattelan Lisa , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Lui Matthew Y. , Masters Anthony F. , Selva Maurizio , Perosa Alvise , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: March 2017

The catalytic depolymerization of Kraft lignin in supercritical ethanol was explored in the presence of Mo2C‐ and MoS2‐based catalysts. At 280 °C, Mo2C and Mo2C/Al2O3 afforded aromatic yields of 425 and 419 mg g−1 lignin, respectively: amongst the highest yields reported to date. Ionic–liquid–assisted delamination of MoS2 resulted in highly active catalysts, capable of quantitative conversion of lignin at the expense of aromatic yield (approximately 186 mg g−1 lignin). Across all the catalysts studied, between 0.04 wt % and 0.38 wt % of molybdenum leached into the solution under supercritical conditions, according to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses (corresponding to 27–570 μg of molybdenum in the reaction supernatant). A small contribution to the molybdenum in solution comes from the reactor itself (Hastelloy C contains 16 wt % Mo). Analysis of a depolymerization performed with fresh Kraft lignin and the soluble portion of the reaction mixture from a previous reactor run indicated that the leached species were neither active enough to afford the high conversions observed, nor selective enough to give high yields of aromatic products. In conjunction with the ICP data and differential chemoselectivities of the Mo2C‐ and MoS2‐based catalysts, these results suggest that the bulk of the catalysis is heterogeneous.
Continuous One‐Step Synthesis of Porous M‐XF6‐Based Metal‐Organic and Hydrogen‐Bonded Frameworks
Authors: Guillerm Vincent , Garzón‐Tovar Luis , Yazdi Amirali , Imaz Inhar , Juanhuix Jordi , Maspoch Daniel
Published: March 2017

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) built up from connecting M‐XF6 pillars through N‐donor ligands are among the most attractive adsorbents and separating agents for CO2 and hydrocarbons today. The continuous, one‐step spray‐drying synthesis of several members of this isoreticular MOF family varying the anionic pillar (XF6=[SiF6]2− and [TiF6]2−), the N‐donor organic ligand (pyrazine and 4,4′‐bipyridine) and the metal ion (M=Co, Cu and Zn) is demonstrated here. This synthetic method allows them to be obtained in the form of spherical superstructures assembled from nanosized crystals. As confirmed by CO2 and N2 sorption studies, most of the M‐XF6‐based MOFs synthesised through spray‐drying can be considered “ready‐to‐use” sorbents as they do not need additional purification and time consuming solvent exchange steps to show comparable porosity and sorption properties with the bulk/single‐crystal analogues. Stability tests of nanosized M‐SiF6‐based MOFs confirm their low stability in most solvents, including water and DMF, highlighting the importance of protecting them once synthesised. Finally, for the first time it was shown that the spray‐drying method can also be used to assemble hydrogen‐bonded open networks, as evidenced by the synthesis of MPM‐1‐TIFSIX.
Origin of Bistability in the Butyl‐Substituted Spirobiphenalenyl‐Based Neutral Radical Material
Authors: Fumanal Maria , Novoa Juan J. , Ribas‐Arino Jordi
Published: March 2017

One of the most remarkable bistable materials reported so far is made of π dimers of a butyl‐substituted spirobiphenalenyl boron radical (butyl‐SBP). The phase transition of this material, which is accompanied by changes in its optical, conductive, and magnetic properties, occurs with a hysteretic loop 25 K wide centered at 335 K. Herein, a computational study is presented aimed at deciphering the origin of this hysteresis. The phase transition of butyl‐SBP consists of a spin transition of the constituent π dimers coupled with an order–disorder transition involving the butyl chains linked to the nitrogen atoms of the superimposed phenalenyl rings of the π dimer. Below 335 K, the terminal methyl group of the butyl chains adopts a gauche conformation with respect to the methylene unit bonded to the nitrogen atom. Above 335 K, the methyl group is in an anti conformation and exhibits dynamic disorder. The gauche→anti conformational rearrangement triggers the spin transition of the π dimers and is responsible for the hysteretic behavior of butyl‐SBP. Specifically, the onset of the phase transition in the heating mode, and thus, the width of the hysteresis loop, are governed by the high energy cost and strong structural cooperative effects associated with this conformational change. Our results show that coupling a spin switch with a conformational switch in a molecular crystal provides a promising strategy in the design of new bistable materials.
Application of Advanced Exergetic Analysis for the Improvement of Chemical Processes
Authors: Penkuhn Mathias , Tsatsaronis George
Published: March 2017

The exergy concept addresses the synthesis, design, and optimization of processes in which matter and energy are converted. While a conventional exergy analysis identifies the location, magnitude, and causes of thermodynamic inefficiencies within a system, the concept of advanced exergetic analysis provides the opportunity to reveal the structural interdependencies of the system components and to estimate the thermodynamic improvement potential of the most components. The capabilities of an advanced exergetic analysis are demonstrated using the hydrodealkylation process of toluene as an example.
Drag on superhydrophobic sharkskin inspired surface in a closed channel turbulent flow
Authors: Ahmmed K. M. Tanvir , Montagut Julian , Kietzig Anne‐Marie
Published: March 2017

Salvinia leaf and sharkskin are prime examples of nature's marvel. Salvinia leaf‐inspired superhydrophobic surfaces keep themselves clean and reduce drag in fluid flow. Sharkskin also reduces drag in turbulent flow and inhibits biofouling. Therefore, the prospect of having a drag‐reducing surface with both salvinia leaf and sharkskin properties is attractive. However, fabricating such a surface is difficult, and the current fabrication methods require at least two separate steps. In addition, the mechanisms of drag reduction of salvinia leaf and sharkskin are different, and their combined effect on the flow field is not well understood. In this study, we produced a PTFE surface that mimics sharkskin in its surface pattern and copies the superhydrophobic nature of the salvinia leaf in its microstructure. This surface was fabricated by laser machining and tested in a closed channel under turbulent flow conditions. We measured the pressure drop at different Reynolds numbers on this surface both in pre‐wet and non‐pre‐wet conditions and compared the result with pressure drop data on four other PTFE samples: two types of non‐superhydrophobic sharkskin inspired surface (riblets), a superhydrophobic surface, and a non‐machined surface. Both the non‐superhydrophobic riblets and the superhydrophobic sample reduced drag compared to the non‐machined surface. However, we observed a lack of drag reduction by the superhydrophobic riblets sample. We presented a qualitative explanation for the lack of drag reduction and concluded that the modifications of the flow field by the two drag reduction mechanisms are not beneficial for overall drag reduction in our experiment.
Determination of Commonly Used Pharmaceuticals in Hospital Waste of Pakistan and Evaluation of Their Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Noor Nayyar , Saif‐Ur‐Rehman Muhammad , Sun Qian , Mustafa Ghulam , Faizan Nazar Muhammad , Yu Chang‐Ping
Published: March 2017

In this study, six human pharmaceuticals in wastewater, sediments, and solid waste samples of five hospitals in Gujrat, Pakistan, were detected by a validated high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method and then their ecological risk assessment was conducted. The pharmaceuticals include paracetamol, naproxen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, amlodipine, and rosuvastatin and were chromatographed on a C‐18 column at 254 nm using liquid–liquid extraction. The highest concentration obtained was of paracetamol and it was also detected in all the five hospitals and all the sample matrices (max. 696 ng/mL) whereas, the concentration of other pharmaceuticals were also very high although they were not detected in all the sample matrices. Maximum concentrations of other pharmaceuticals detected were naproxen (220 ng/mL), diclofenac (186 ng/mL), ibuprofen (596 ng/mL), amlodipine (303 ng/mL), and rosuvastatin (104 ng/mL). Risk assessment in terms of risk quotient (RQ) was also calculated based on maximum measured concentration and the RQ values were very high for all pharmaceuticals. The maximum RQ values obtained from different pharmaceuticals were paracetamol (696 against daphnia), naproxen (84 against fish), diclofenac (9300 against Oncorhynchus mykiss), ibuprofen (16 000 against Oryzias latipes), and amlodipine (471 against green algae). The results from this study demand for comprehensive monitoring of pharmaceuticals from different points sources and treatment of all type of wastes including hospital waste.
Pyridyl‐ and Picolinic Acid Substituted Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Suanzes Pita Juan , Urbani Maxence , Bottari Giovanni , Ince Mine , Kumar Sangeeta Amit , Chandiran Aravind Kumar , Yum Jun‐Ho , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Torres Tomas
Published: March 2017

A series of tri‐tert‐butyl zinc(II) phthalocyanines (Pcs) substituted with pyridyl, carboxyl, or picolinic acid anchoring groups on the periphery were prepared. Photovoltaic (PV) studies on these dyes were carried out revealing some interesting features. In the case of the pyridyl‐substituted Pcs, the PV properties were found to depend strongly on the the pyridyl substitution pattern (meta or para) and the number of pyridyl units at the macrocycle's periphery (one or two). For these four pyridyl‐substituted Pcs, higher photovoltaic efficiencies were obtained for 1) the para‐ versus the meta‐substituted Pcs, and 2) the mono‐ versus the bis‐functionalized dyes. In order to improve the poor adsorption of the pyridyl‐substituted Pcs onto TiO2, a new dye was tested bearing a picolinic acid unit. This moiety combines a carboxylic acid function, as a strong anchoring group for binding to TiO2, with an electron‐withdrawing nitrogen atom for better electron injection into the semiconductor's conduction band. For this latter system, an improvement in the PV efficiency up to 2.1 % was obtained.
Model‐Based Approach for Optimizing Study Design and Clinical Drug Performances of Extended‐Release Formulations of Methylphenidate for the Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Gomeni R , Bressolle‐Gomeni FMM , Spencer TJ , Faraone SV , Fang L , Babiskin A
Published: March 2017

Methylphenidate (MPH) is currently used to treat children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several extended‐release (ER) formulations characterized by a dual release process were developed to improve efficacy over an extended duration. In this study, a model‐based approach using literature data was developed to: 1) evaluate the most efficient pharmacokinetic (PK) model to characterize the complex PK profile of MPH ER formulations; 2) provide PK endpoint metrics for comparing ER formulations; 3) define criteria for optimizing development of ER formulations using a convolution‐based model linking in vitro release, in vivo release, and hour‐by‐hour behavioral ratings of ADHD symptoms; and 4) define an optimized trial design for assessing the activity of MPH in pediatric populations. The convolution‐based model accurately described the complex PK profiles of a variety of ER MPH products, providing a natural framework for establishing an in vitro/in vivo correlation and for defining criteria for assessing comparative bioequivalence of MPH ER products.
Sn‐ and Pd‐Free Synthesis of D–π–A Organic Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Cu‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation
Authors: Huang Jiung‐Huai , Lin Po‐Han , Li Wei‐Ming , Lee Kun‐Mu , Liu Ching‐Yuan
Published: March 2017

<A variety of D–π–A‐type functional organic dyes are facilely synthesized by direct C−H arylation catalyzed by inexpensive copper salts. Under optimized reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility was demonstrated. Based on this synthetic strategy, three new dye sensitizers (CYL‐5–7) were designed and fabricated for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Photovoltaic characterization showed that these devices gave open‐circuit voltages of 0.65–0.75 V, short‐circuit currents of 5.90–12.60 mA cm−2, and fill factors of 65.6–76.9 %, corresponding to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2.95–6.20 %. This work represents the first use of Cu‐catalyzed C−H arylation for a step‐saving, Sn‐free synthesis of precursor dyes for DSSC applications.
Reporting of fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of salivary gland lesions: A comprehensive review
Authors: Wei Shuanzeng , Layfield Lester J. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Montone Kathleen T. , Baloch Zubair W.
Published: March 2017

Currently, there is no uniform classification scheme available for reporting of salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Recently, an International group of pathologists has recommended a tiered classification scheme for reporting of salivary gland FNA results known as the “Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC).” We performed a comprehensive review of the published literature on FNA of salivary gland lesions by employing the diagnostic categories of the MSRSGC to evaluate their reliability in the management of salivary gland lesions. A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out through PubMed from 1987 to 2015 to identify studies which categorized the cytologic diagnoses and included surgical follow‐up. Only cases with histopathologic follow‐up were included in the analysis. Twenty‐nine studies comprising 4514 cases of salivary gland FNAs with surgical follow‐up were included in this study. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized into the following categories proposed by MSRSGC. The number of cases in each diagnostic category and the risk of malignancy (ROM) were as follows: Non‐Diagnostic—100 cases (ROM‐ 25.0% ± 16.7%), Non‐Neoplastic—587 cases (ROM: 10.2% ± 5.5%), Benign Neoplasm −2673 cases (ROM: 3.4% ± 1.3%), Salivary Gland Neoplasm of Undetermined Malignant Potential (SUMP)—64 cases(ROM: 37.5% ± 24.7%), Suspicious for Malignant neoplasm—70 cases(ROM: 58.6% ± 19.5%), and Malignant—1012 cases(ROM: 91.9% ± 3.5%). A tiered classification scheme as proposed by MSRSGC may prove helpful in effectively guiding clinical management of patients with salivary gland lesions.