bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fertility In Rabbits Inseminated With Diluted or Washed Spermatozoa
Authors: Wales RG , O'shea T
Published: November 2018

In a previous communication (Wales, Martin, and O'Shea 1965) the number of spermatozoa inseminated, rather than the dilution rate, appeared important in controlling the number oflitters produced. On the other hand Chang (1946) and Cheng and Casida (1948) have indicated that the degree of dilution, rather than the number of spermatozoa, is a factor in determining the number of ova cleaved. The present experiments were undertaken to examine this apparent difference.
Electrophoretic Patterns of Oxidoreductases and Other Proteins As Criteria in Fungal Taxonomy
Authors: Clare BG , Flentje NT , Atkinson MR
Published: November 2018

Oxidoreductases and other proteins were extracted from fungi and separated by electrophoresis in starch gels. Isolates of FU8arium, Phytophthora, Pythium, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, and Thanatephorus (Rhizoctonia) were used. The main soluble proteins were detected by staining with amido black after electrophoresis in starch gel with a discontinuouA citrate-borate system in the pH range 8�2-9�5. Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1.), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), diaphorase (i.e. various NADH2-nitro blue tetrazolium oxidoreductases) and
Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Founders of Laboratory Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster III. Sternopleural Chaetae
Authors: Parsons PA
Published: November 2018

Single, inseminated females of D. melanogaster derived from the same popUlation have led to discrete strains for sternopleural chaeta number, in agreement with earlier work on other traits. The discrete stains indicate that wild populations have genes which are polymorphic for sternopleural chaeta number. As well as showing characteristic mean chaeta �numbers, there was some indication that the strains had characteristic levels of variability. No significant correlations were found between sternopleural and scutellar chaeta numbers.
Brain Cholinesterase Activity and Its Inheritance in Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) Strains Resistant and Susceptible to Organophosphorus Acaricides
Authors: Stone BF
Published: November 2018

Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities of individual cattle ticks, B. microplus, of an organophosphorus-resistant strain were compared with those of a standard reference strain. When measured by a histochemical-densitometric method on photographic transparencies and by a biochemical method, brains from homozygous resistant adult female ticks had about 12% of the AChE activity of brains from homozygous susceptible ticks_ Brains of hybrid adult females had about 78%, histochemically and biochemically, of the AChE activity of their susceptible parents, indicating that low AChE activity was incompletely recessive although the associated resistance to organophosphorus compounds had been shown previously to be incompletely dominant_
The Effect of Water Stress on Translocation in Relation to Photosynthesis and Growth
Authors: Wardlaw IF
Published: November 2018

Photosynthetic rate, leaf and root extension, dry weight changes, and the translocation of labelled photosynthates were followed in L. temulentum plants subjected to water shortage at a time when the eighth leaf was expanding.
Effects of Artificial Selection on Rates of Inbreeding in Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Jones LP
Published: November 2018

The rate of inbreeding was studied using the conventional F value, as well as the "percentage of genes" technique of James and McBride (1958), in lines of D. melanogaster selected for increased abdominal bristle number for seven generations at intensities of 10, 20, and 50% with 10 pairs of parents.
Effect of Skim-Milk Feeding on the Flow and Composition of Thoracic Duct and Intestinal Lymph in Young Calves
Authors: Shannon AD , Lasoelles AK
Published: November 2018

The effect of feeding skim milk on the flow and composition of lymph from thoracic and intestinal ducts was studied in young calves by means of lymphatico-venous shunts. The changes observed were similar for both thoracic duct and intestinal lymph. Skim-milk feeding significantly reduced lymph flow but had no effect on total protein concentration in lymph and no effect on lymph: plasma ratios for total protein concentration. It is suggested that the reduction in lymph flow observed when calves are fed skim milk is due to a decreased blood flow through the intestinal capillaries.
Studies on Wheat Peroxidase
Authors: Parish RW
Published: November 2018

Recently, workers in this laboratory have studied the increased synthesis of peroxidase in senescing tobacco leaf disks (Parish 1968a, 1968b) and the relationship between lignification and peroxidase activity in wheat internodes (Parish and Miller 1968). The present paper reports four simple experiments designed to further clarify the interrelationships between lignification, maturation, and peroxidase activity.
Tive Effects of Soil Nitrogen and Soil Organisms on Survival of Ophiobolus Graminis
Authors: Chamber SC , Flentje NT
Published: November 2018

All previous work on the effect of nitrate enrichment of soil upon the survival of Ophiobolus graminis on wheat straw has been with unsterilized soil (Garrett 1938, 1940,1944; Butler 1953, 1959; Lucas 1955; Macer 1961; van der Watt 1965). While this has approximated field conditions, it has precluded any determination of the direct effect of the amendment as distinct from its effect through the growth of other soil organisms. Use of an initially sterile soil may provide a method of separating these effects. As ionizing radiation will completely sterilize soil with a minimum of side effects (van Groenewoud 1959; Bowen and Rovira 1961; Bowen and Cawse 1962), such a treatment was selected for studying the effects of soil nitrogen and soil micro-organisms on survival of O. graminis.
Membrane Fluxes and Electric Conductance in Characean Cells
Authors: Walkerand AB Hope NA
Published: November 2018

The effects of changing the membrane potential difference (p.d.) of Ohara corallina and Nitella translucens cells on the unidirectional fluxes of potassium, sodium, and chloride ions are described. In both species, a net efflux was observed at the resting potential. Changes in net flux of potassium with p.d. amounted to 1-1�5 p-mole cm-2 sec-1 in 10 mY, contributing a partial ion conductance of about 10-15 pmho cm-2 at p.d.'s near the resting potential. The corresponding values for Na+ and 01-were 1 and 1-2 ,arrho cm-2 respectively.
Physiologic Specialization in Drechslera Teres
Authors: Khan TN , Boyd WJR
Published: November 2018

The occurrence of physiologic specialization in D. tere8 is reported. Three distinct physiologic races could be differentiated on two barley varieties, Algerian (C.l. 1179) and C.l. 7584. The distribution of these physiologic races in Western Australia is shown.
Diffusion of Carbon Compounds Away from Wheat Roots
Authors: Rovira AD
Published: November 2018

The exudation of organic compounds from intact roots has been reported for many plant species, but most of these results record only the water-soluble exudates and provide no information on the sites of the exudation. Pearson and Parkinson (1961) and Schroth and Snyder (1961) reported greater exudation of compounds which reacted with ninhydrin and silver nitrate from the root tip and the elongating zone of the roots of seedlings of broad bean and French bean than from the older parts of the roots; while McDougall (1968) has reported greater exudation of 14C-labelled compounds from the lateral root zones of wheat than from the tip region. Bowen (1968) found that with Pinus radiata seedlings proportionately greater loss of 36Cl occurred from the apical region of the roots than from the basal region.
The Fine Structure of the Wheat Scutellum Before Germination
Authors: Swift JG , O'brien TP
Published: November 2018

The structure of the cells of the scutellar epithelium and parenchyma is described and illustrated by light and electron microscopy of air-dry grains and compared with that seen in grains soaked for 3 hr. In the air-dry state, nuclear chromatin is strongly aggregated, mitochondria and plastids appear to be intact, endoplasmic reticulum is present but not abundant, and dictyosomes cannot be readily identified. The ground substance contains an abundance of free ribosomes which appear to coat protein bodies, lipid droplets, and mitochondria. In material soaked only for 3 hr, endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes are apparent, the nuclear chromatin has dispersed, and some mobilization of storage protein appears to have begun in the scutellar epithelium. No differences in fine structure of other organelles or in the cell walls could be detected.
Regulation of Output of Electrolytes in Bile and Pancreatic Juice in Sheep
Authors: Caple I , Heath T
Published: November 2018

Bile and pancreatic juice were collected from conscious, standing sheep with fistulae of the common bile duct, before and during infusions of secretin to the portal vein, and during infusion of acid to the duodenum. The output of volume and electrolytes, particularly bicarbonate, in bile and in pancreatic juice increased during infusion of secretin. However, the output of volume and of bicarbonate was three to five times higher in bile than in pancreatic juice. When acid was infused into the duodenum a similar result was obtained, and the increment in total bicarbonate output was similar to the amount of acid infused.
The Effect of Storage in Vitro on the Dna Content of Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Blackshaw AW , Salisbury GW
Published: November 2018

Bull spermatozoa were aged in vitro for periods of up to 9 days. Microspectro. photometric measurements were made of the nuclear DNA content of the sperm heads using ultraviolet absorption, acridine orange fluorescence, and Feulgen staining and of the nuclear histone content using fast green staining. The surface area of the sperm heads was calculated from linear measurements of head length and width.
Corrigendum to Corrigendum to Genetic Polymorphism in a Subdivided Population
Authors: Deakin MAB
Published: November 2018

The above paper contains two errors. The criteria for polymorphism are altered by their correction, and indeed the true criteria are less restrictive and easier to interpret than those published in the original paper.
A Comparative Study of the Distribution and Speed of Movement of 14C Assimilates and Foliar-Applied 32P-Labelled Phosphate in Wheat
Authors: Marshall C , Wardlaw IF
Published: November 2018

Double labelling experiments with 14C and 32p suggest that the movement of phosphate from leaves is largely determined by the movement and demand for carbohydrate within the plant and not by the phosphorus requirement of the sink.
Stomatal Role in the Variability of Net Co2 Exchange Rates by Two Maize Inbreds
Authors: Gifford RM , Musgrave RB
Published: November 2018

Within-inbred and between-inbred variability of net CO2 exchange rates of two maize inbreds (Wf9 and Pa83) was studied. In contrast to studies on these lines in tropical conditions, in which mean net CO2 exchange rates for Pa83 was three times that for Wf9, the two lines did not differ greatly although the ranking was the same.
Stress Metabolism IV. The Influence of (2-Chloroethyl)Trimethylammonium Chloride and Gibberellic Acid on the Growth and Proline Accumulation of Wheat Plants During Water Stress
Authors: Singh TN , Aspinall D , Paleg IG
Published: November 2018

Wheat plants (cv. Gabo) were grown in nutrient solution and supplied with (2- chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) in the rooting medium 1 week after germination. Ten days later the plants were subjected to water stress by substituting polyethylene glycol solution (mol. wt. 4(00) for the nutrient solution.
Further Evidence for the Presence of an Endogenous Gonadotrophin-Like Plant Factor, "Phytotrophin": Isolation and Mechanism of Action of the Active principle
Authors: Shomer-Ilan A , Avtallon RR , Leshem Y
Published: November 2018

A proteinaceous factor extracted from each of five different plant species elicits both gonadotrophin-like responses in animals and morphogenetic responses in plants. Of the species tested, legumes contained highest amounts of this factor. Extraction was performed by binding foliage protein extracts to a column of polymerized gonadotrophin antibodies and subsequently eluting with a suitable buffer medium.
Studies on lolium multiflorum endosperm in tissue culture II. Fine structure of cells and cell walls and the development of cell walls
Authors: Mares DJ , Stone BA
Published: November 2018

Log phase cells of L. multiflorum endosperm grown in liquid suspension cultures contain large nuclei, mitochondria, protein bodies, compound starch granules, small vacuoles, and multilayered membranous structures. At later stages of growth the cell organelles, protein bodies, and starch granules disappear and in senescent cultures many empty cells are seen.
The Effect of Epistasis in the Standard Two-Locus Model
Authors: Deakin MAB
Published: November 2018

Moran (1964) proved three negative results for the standard two-locus model of population genetics: (1) that mean fitness was not a function of the allelic frequencies alone; (2) that stationary states of the population do not, in general, correspond to stationary values of the mean fitness; (3) the mean fitness of a population may decrease from one generation to the next.
A Conformational Transition in Concanavalin A. Conformational Differences between Intact and Fragmented Units
Authors: Sawyer WH , McKenzie GH , Nichol LW
Published: November 2018

Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism studies reveal that between pH 5 and 7 concana-valin A undergoes a conformational transition which involves a slight loss of fJ-structure but no perturbation of aromatic residues. The dimer-tetramer association of concanavalin A may influence this transition but its contribution is relatively small and difficult to estimate. Near-u.v. circular di-chroism spectra reveal conformational differences between intact and fragmented units of the protein.
Reduction of Sulphite to Sulphide Catalysed by Desulfoviridin From Desulfovibrio gigas
Authors: Jones HE , Skyring GW
Published: November 2018

Desulfoviridin from D. gigas was partially purified by column chromatography and further purified by gel electrophoresis into a major band preparation and a minor band preparation. All partially purified and electrophoretically purified preparations catalysed the methylviologen-linked reduction of sulphite to sulphide, but stoichiometric reduction to sulphide was not demonstrated with the major band preparation. Desulfoviridin did not catalyse the reduction of thiosulphate or trithionate.
Factors Influencing the Biosynthesis of the Tyrosine-rich Proteins of Wool
Authors: Frenkel MJ , Gillespie JM , Reis PJ
Published: November 2018

The tyrosine content of wool can vary from about 2�3 to 4�4% of the amino acid residues. This variability, which can be attributed mostly to differences in the proportion of high-tyrosine proteins, appears to be partly of genetic and partly of dietary origin, for there are considerable differences in high-tyrosine protein content between the wools from different breeds of sheep and individual sheep of the same breed, and abomasal infusions of zein, maize gluten and wheat gluten strongly repress the synthesis of these proteins. Infusions of an amino acid mixture simulating the composition of zein produced a similar effect to that of zein. No significant reversal of the repression was produced by adding lysine, tryptophan or tyrosine to zein. It is suggested that these inhibitions may result from interference with aromatic amino acid metabolism.
Studies on Testicular Function. II. Effects of FSH, LH, Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone on Restoration and Maintenance of Lysosomal Enzyme Activity in the Testis of the Hypophysectomized Rat
Authors: Elkington JSH , Blackshaw AW
Published: November 2018

Hypophysectomy of the adult male rat depressed the activity of acid phosphatase and acid proteinase, but increased the activity of p-glucuronidase in the testis. Groups of rats were treated with FSH, LH or testosterone alone or in combination after 32 days of post-hypophysectomy regression (restoration experiment) for a further 32 days, or with FSH, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone alone or in combination commencing at 2 days after hypophysectomy (maintenance experiment) for a further 30 days.
Resolution of Proteases in the Keratinolytic Larvae of the Webbing Clothes Moth
Authors: W Ward Colin
Published: November 2018

The proteases of the larvae of the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, were investigated because of this organism's phylogenetic rank as a member of the lower invertebrates, its unique position as one of the relatively few organisms that can digest keratin and its importance as a serious fabric pest. Both the number and nature of different proteolytic enzymes present were investigated and the various activities partially fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex 0200 columns. A complex mixture of peptidases and proteinases has been found in extracts of whole larvae and has been shown to be associated with the larval digestive tract.
The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of Different Species of Bovidae
Authors: Mcewan Jenkinsona D , Nayb T
Published: November 2018

Measurements were made of hairs and sweat glands in the skins of a number of different Bovidae. The principal differences between the Bovinae and the one member of the Cephalophinae (the duiker) studied were in the dimensions of the skin and its component organs and in hair density; secondary hairs were not present, although in the American bison small primary follicles which appeared to provide a woolly undercoat were seen. In contrast, secondary hair foIlicles were found in the skins of all the Caprinae, Antilopinae and most of the Hippotraginae studied. The sweat glands of the Bovidae varied in shape from simple sacs as seen in the oryx to the coiled tubes of the wildebeest, and differed markedly in size, the largest being found in the wisent.
Chromosomal Evolution in the Lizard Genus Varanus (Reptilia)
Authors: Kinga Max , King Dennis
Published: November 2018

The karyotypes have been determined of 16 of the 32 species of the genus Varanus, including animals from Africa, Israel, Malaya and Australia. A constant chromosome number of 2n = 40 was observed. The karyotype is divided into eight pairs of large chromosomes and 12 pairs of microchromosomes. A series of chromosomal rearrangements have become established in both size groups of the karyotype and are restricted to centromere shifts, probably caused by pericentric inversion. Species could be placed in one of six distinct karyotype groups which are differentiated by these rearrangements and whose grouping does not always correspond with the current taxonomy. An unusual sex chromosome system of the ZZjZW type was present in a number of the species examined.
Haemoglobins of the Shark, Heterodontus Portusjacksoni II. Amino Acid Sequence of the a-Chain
Authors: Nash AR , Fisher WK , Thompson EOP
Published: November 2018

The amino acid sequence of the a-chain of the principal haemoglobin from the shark, H. portusjacksoni has been determined. The chain has 148 residues and is acetylated at the amino terminal. The soluble peptides obtained by tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of the protein or its cyanogen bromide fragments were isolated by gel filtration, paper ionophoresis and paper chromatography. The amino acid sequences were determined by the dansyl-Edman procedure. The insoluble 'core' peptide from the tryptic digestion contained 34 residues and required cleavage by several proteases before the sequence was established. Compared with human a-chain there are 88 amino acid differences including the additional seven residues which appear on the amino terminal of the shark chain. There is also one deletion and one insertion. The chain contains no tryptophan but has four cysteinyl residues which is the highest number of such residues recorded for a vertebrate globin.
a-Chain Sequence of Newt Haemoglobin (Taricha granulosa)
Authors: Coates MichaeI , Brimhall B , Stenzel Peter , Hermodson Mark , Gibson David , Jones RT , Vedvick Thomas
Published: November 2018

The amino acid sequence of the IX-chain of the major haemoglobin of a newt, T. granulosa, has been determined. The chain is 142 residues long and has an extra methionine at its N-terminus when compared with human IX-chain. Most of the tryptic peptides were sequenced by a combination of the subtractive Edman method and by deduction from the compositions of overlapping fragments produced by various enzymic treatments. The sequence of two 'core' regions was obtained by automatic sequencing of large peptides produced by trypsin cleavage at arginine residues only after blockage of lysine residues by citraconylation; by cleavage between aspartic acid and proline residues with 70% formic acid, and by cyanogen bromide cleavage at methionine residues.
Dithionite Reduction in the Presence of a Tetrapyrrole-containing Fraction From the Desulfoviridin of Desulfovihrio gigas
Authors: Skyring GW , Jones HE
Published: November 2018

Low-molecular-weight fractions obtained from the desulfoviridin of D. gigas and from the growth medium of Desul/ovibrio sp. 10455 promoted the reduction of sodium dithionite to sulphide in the presence of reduced methylviologen. These fractions contained a tetrapyrrole of the isobacteriochI orin type which was not complexed with iron, nor was it complexed with protein. The observations are discussed in relation to the function of sulphite reductases in the sulphate-reducing bacteria.
Measurement of Extracellular Fluid Volume and Blood Volume in Sheep
Authors: P Coghlan John , SK Fan James , A Scoggins Bruce , A Shulkes Arthur
Published: November 2018

Methods are described for the simultaneous measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume (PV) in sheep using dilution of 82Br (as sodium bromide) and l3lI-labelled ovine gamma globulin. Following injection of 82Br (100 }lCi), equilibrium in blood was reached after 3 h at which time only 4 % of the injected dose was in rumen water. The ECFV was measured as the mean Of the 2- and 3-h bromide space after correction for the relative water content of plasma, the Gibbs-Donnan factor and the loss of 82Br into red blood cells. l 3lI-labelled ovine gamma globulin (20 }lCi) was injected after the 3-h 82Br space was obtained and blood samples were taken at 10, 20, 30 and 40 min.
Effect of Heat Acclimatization on Testicular Enzymes Involved in Androgen Biosynthesis via the 5-ene Pathway
Authors: Chap Z , Bedrak E , A Sod-Moriah U
Published: November 2018

The metabolism of 3fi-hydroxy-5-ene steroids by testicular homogenates of heat-acclimatized and control mice was investigated in vitro. Acclimatization was achieved by keeping the animals in a hot room (33-35�C, 25-40% R.H.) for 5 weeks. The control animals were kept in a temperate environment (20-22�C, 30-50% R.H.). Some of the heat-acclimatized animals were supplied with additional water in a trough placed inside each cage (HAIl mice). This source of water was used by the mice mainly for body cooling. A pronounced decrease in body weight and testis weight, and a smaller decrease in the weight of seminal vesicles which was associated with atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and hyperplasia of the Leydig cells was characteristic of heat-acclimatized mice with only drinking water available (HAl), but not of HAIl mice. Although body cooling abolished the adverse physiological response described, it did not prevent specific changes in enzyme activity associated with androgen production. There was increased activity of 3fi-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and isomerase, and of 5-ene-17 fi-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These data offer partial explanation for the lower peripheral blood testosterone level observed in some species of heat-acclimatized mammals.
Changes in Body Composition and Efficiency of Food Utilization for Growth in Young Adult Female Rats Before, During and After a Period of Food Restriction
Authors: Williams VJ , Senior W
Published: November 2018

Changes in body composition were studied in three groups of young adult female rats; the treatments were (1) ad libitum food intake to obtain normal growth, (2) restricted food intake to cause body weight loss, and (3) restricted followed by ad libitum food intake to obtain recovery of lost body weight.
Sulfur and Methionine Metabolism in Sheep. II. Quantitative Estimates of Sulfur Metabolism in the Sheep's Stomach
Authors: Doyle PT , Moir RJ
Published: November 2018

The metabolism of dietary and supplemental DL-methionine sulfur in the stomach of sheep was studied in two experiments. In both experiments sheep were fed a 50 : 50 oaten chaff: lucerne chaff ration at two levels of intake, and some animals received intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine.
Synergistic Effects of Thiocyanate With Flumethasone in Inhibiting Wool Growth in Merino Wethers
Authors: Panaretto BA , Wallace ALC
Published: November 2018

Sheep bearing 5-cm fleeces and being fed a maintenance diet were infused subcutaneously with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) (0�7g/kgo.75) and/or flumethasone (0�66 or 1�3rng/kgo.75) over 8 days. Wool growth was evaluated by clipping defined patches of 100 cm2 on the mid-sides of the animals. Plasma concentrations of flumethasone, thiocyanate, and thyroxine were measured~ Food eaten by the animals was also monitored.
The Failure of a Prostaglandin F2a Analogue, Cloprostenol, to Initiate Lactation in Cattle
Authors: Gray AW , Hooley D , Fulkerson WJ
Published: November 2018

An experiment was designed to determine if the analogue of prostaglandin F2., cloprostenol, at a dose sufficient to cause luteolysis, was lactogenic in cattle.
Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to the Antigens of Lucilia Cuprina in the Sera of Fly-Struck Sheep
Authors: O'Donnell IJ , Green PE , Connell JA , Hopkins PS
Published: November 2018

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to demonstrate that sheep with myiasis caused by the larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly, L. cuprina, had serum IgG antibodies to antigens present in an extract of the ground-up larvae. Previously struck animals demonstrated a more severe myiasis than their unstruck counterparts when both groups were subjected to a standard larval challenge. The effects of immunosuppressive therapy were expressed in terms of a decrease in the total number of larvae growing to maturity and in the area of fly strike produced.
Serological Studies on Some Australian Isolates of Verticillium Spp.
Authors: Fitzell R , Fahy PC , Evans G
Published: November 2018

The production of antisera to three mycelial fractions of V. dahliae is described. Serological reactions with antigens from similar fractions of other fungi, including closely related species, were examined and specific sera, essential for immunofluorescent studies, were developed.
Abnormal Wool Growth and Alopecia of Artificially Reared Lambs
Authors: Chapman RE , Black JL
Published: November 2018

Eleven crossbred lambs grew wool which lacked crimp while on four liquid diets of reconstituted dried cows' milk with added vitamins and minerals. Three of the lambs lost their wool even though they were increasing in body weight. The skin of these lambs displayed considerable erythroderma. Regrowth of wool, still lacking crimp, occurred on a diet with increased amounts of several B-group vitamins. Crimp formation resumed in the wool c. 2 weeks after the lambs were weaned.
Abnormal Function of the Corpus Luteum in some Ewes with Phyto-Oestrogenic Infertility
Authors: Adams NR , Hearnshaw H , Oldham CM
Published: November 2018

Ewes with permanent phyto-oestrogenic infertility show oestrus less regularly than normal ewes, and the present study examines the extent to which this results from abnormal ovarian function. Forty-nine affected ewes and 53 controls were run with rams fitted with marking crayons and harnesses, and crayon marks were recorded and laparoscopy performed at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Fewer affected ewes showed oestrus accompanied by ovulation (28 v. 48, P < 0�001), and four of these affected ewes had a second ovulation during the experiment. More of the ovulations observed in affected ewes were unaccompanied by behavioural oestrus than in controls (8 out of 38 v. 2 out of 50; P < 0�05). Six affected ewes had no corpus luteum or oestrus, and five of these had adhesions over the genitalia. Hydrops uteri in five other affected ewes was accompanied by prolonged maintenance of the corpus luteum. Some other abnormalities were also observed.
Multiline Varieties and Disease Control. III Combined Use of Overlapping and Disjoint Gene Sets
Authors: Marshall DR , Burdon JJ
Published: November 2018

Alternate procedures, based on the use of combinations of overlapping (of the type AB, AC, BC, etc.) or disjoint (of the type AB, CD, EF, etc.) subsets of genes, for developing multiline components carrying two or more major genes for disease resistance are described. Simple mathematical models are used to examine the effects of multilines blended from such components on pathogen evolution and long-term disease control. It is found, in agreement with earlier studies, that the use of more than one resistance gene per component, where the genes are combined in either overlapping subsets or disjoint subsets, will be justified in practice only if it can be demonstrated that unnecessary genes for virulence in pathogens act additively to reduce the fitness of their carriers. If unnecessary virulence genes in the pathogen reduce fitness multiplicatively then multilines composed of components carrying multigenic resistances have only limited advantages (in the case of disjoint subsets of genes) or are at a positive disadvantage (in the case of overlapping subsets of genes) in long-term disease control compared with multilines in which each component carries a single unique gene for resistance.
A Highly Repeated DNA From the Genome of the Wallaroo (Macro pus Robustus Robustus)
Authors: Venolia L , Peacock WJ
Published: November 2018

The major satellite of M. r. robustus DNA has been isolated in a Ag+ -CS2S04 gradient.has a of 1� 710 gjcm3 compared with 1� 697 gjcm3 for the bulk of the DNA, and accounts for about 10% of the total DNA. Sequence heterogeneity within the satellite was shown by an increase in density to 1�715 gjcm3 and by a reduction of 12�C in the temperature of denaturation (Tm) after renaturation. The satellite was found to occur in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes. This pattern of distribution was essentially duplicated in the genomes of other members of the wallaroo group. A polymorphism for a major block of the sequences on chromosome 5 occurred in both M. r. erubescens and M. antilopinus.
Lectins, Calcium Ionophore A23187 and Peanut Oil as Deciduogenic Agents in the Uterus of Pseudopregnant Mice: Effects of Tranylcypromine, Indomethacin, Iproniazid and Propanolol
Authors: E Buxton Louise , Murdoch RN
Published: November 2018

Intraluminal injections of lectins, including concanavalin A (Con A), wheatgerm lectin, and soybean lectin, Con A-Sepharose 4B beads, calcium ionophore A23187 or peanut oil into the left uterine horns of mice on day 4 of pseudopregnancy induced the formation of deciduomata and significantly increased the weight and alkaline phosphatase activity of uterine tissue on day 7 of pseudopregnancy. In contrast, injections of these materials into the uterine horns of non-pseudopregnant mice that had not been previously mated failed to induce similar responses.
Evidence for a Genetic Duplication involving Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes in Drosophila huzzatii and Related Species
Authors: Oakeshott JG , Chambers GK , East PD , Gibson JB , Barker JSF
Published: November 2018

Drosophila buzzatii has two closely linked loci (0� 4 � O� 3 cM apart) encoding NAD + -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. These two loci produce complex, non-overlapping electrophoretic phenotypes and differ in their ontogenetic expression, that of Adh-l relative to Adh-2 being less in adults than in third-instar larvae. Isozymes produced by the two Adh-2 alleles analysed have similar in vitro ADH activity levels, substrate specificities and thermostabilities, whereas the isozymes of the two Adh-l alleles examined differ in ADH activity and specificity for primary versus secondary alcohol substrates.
In vitro Growth and Differentiation of Epithelial Cells derived from Post-embryonic Hair Follicles
Authors: R Hewish Dean , C Marshall Robert
Published: November 2018

Cell aggregates formed during the first 2 days of culture of cells derived from hair folIicle tissue of young rats. Aggregates occurred at an accelerated rate at higher cell densities, and contained a high proportion of epithelial cells although a variable proportion of esenchymal (fibroblast) cells were present. Citrulline was detected in the cultured cell proteins. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins showed the presence of hair cortical keratin in the cultures, but these proteins were not synthesized during the culture period, in conflict with previous findings.
Secretion of Amylase by the Marine Bacterium, Alteromonas rubra
Authors: Gavrilovic Lilian , O'Brien RW , Sanders RL
Published: November 2018

A. rubra possesses a constitutive IX-amylase which is secreted during the stationary phase of growth when glucose (at concentrations below 5 mM) is the carbon source. The activity of the enzyme was increased about eightfold over the control level when the organism was grown on O� 2 % (wjv) starch or maltose, with secretion starting in the late logarithmic phase of growth and continuing into the stationary phase. IX-Amylase secretion was repressed by the addition of glucose, at concentrations in excess of 5 mM, when the organism was grown on a medium containing starch or maltose as carbon source.
Morphometric Studies of Compensatory Testicular Hypertrophy in the Rat after Hemicastration
Authors: Putra DKH , Blackshaw AW
Published: November 2018

The quantitative nature of the compensatory testicular hypertrophy following unilateral castration was examined in groups of immature Wistar-derived male rats hemicastrated at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days of age and completely castrated 20 days later. Hemicastration resulted in compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis and it decreased as the animals aged. In 30-day-old rats compensatory testicular hypertrophy was 33 % while at 70 days of age hypertrophy was reduced to 2 %. The increase in testis weight of hemicastrated rats was correlated with an increase in total seminiferous tubule length and a larger cross-sectional area which was due in part to the greater number of germ cells per testis. Sertoli cell number did not increase significantly in the hemicastrated testis but more germ cells were associated with each Sertoli cell.
Satellite DNA Sequences in the Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus)
Authors: Elizur A , S Dennis E , Peacock WJ
Published: November 2018

There is a complex pattern of satellite DNA sequences in M. rufus which are revealed by addition of Ag+ or dye (Hoechst 33258) to the DNA in CS2S04 or CsCI equilibrium density gradients. Six satellite DNA fractions have been isolated; these have buoyant densities in neutral CsCI of 1� 692, 1� 704, 1� 705, 1� 707 (two), 1� 710 and 1� 712 gjml compared with 1� 696 g/ml for the main band DNA. Each satellite accounts for 1-3 % of the DNA of the genome.
Selective Development of Resistant Sporangia in Growing Cultures of Allomyces macrogynus and A. arbuscula
Authors: Youatt Jean
Published: November 2018

The culturing of A. macrogynus and A. arbuscula was re-investigated with particular reference to the selective development of either zoosporangia or resistant sporangia in diploid cultures. The latter required an excess of glucose and a balance of concentrations of methionine and thiamine together with it reduced availability of oxygen. Results suggest that regulatory controls may be exerted by variations in the enzymes and coenzymes involved in the metabolism of pyruvate.
Preliminary Characterization of D?Aguilar Virus and Three Palyam Group Viruses New to Australia
Authors: Cybinski DH , St George TD
Published: November 2018

Between 1974 and 1980, 424 viruses were isolated at the Long Pocket Laboratories of the Division of Animal Health, CSIRO, either from insects or from the blood of sentinel cattle, and of these, 165 cross-reacted with D'Aguilar virus (an Australian Palyam group virus) in a complement fixation test. Neutralization tests were used to classify these viruses into four serotypes with the isolates D'Aguilar B8112, CSIRO 11, CSIRO 58 and CSIRO 82 as the type strains. The latter three were new to Australia. Like other orbiviruses, these four serotypes were partially sensitive to treatment with ether or chloroform. Neutralizing antibodies against D' Aguilar, CSIRO 11 and CSIRO 58 viruses were detected in sera from cattle, buffalo, deer and sheep but not in sera from humans, horses, pigs or marsupials. Antibodies against CSIRO 82 virus were detected in 85 % of 26 buffalo, and O� 4 % of 495 cattle sera tested. The antibody distribution in Australia for D' Aguilar, CSIRO 11 and CSIRO 58 viruses fell within the distribution limits of Culicoides brevitarsis, the insect from which these viruses were most commonly recovered. The antibody distribution for CSIRO 82 virus, which was isolated from a pool containing C. schultze; and C. peregrinus, fell within the much more restricted distribution limits of these species. None of these viruses has been associated with disease.
Mechanisms of Organic Acid and Monosaccharide Transport in the Kidney of the Brush-tailed Possum, Trichosurus vulpecula
Authors: H Miller John , L Morris Lynne
Published: November 2018

The mechanisms of organic acid and monosaccharide transport in the kidney of T. vulpecula were investigated using the renal cortical slice preparation. The kinetics, the sensitivity to inhibitors of metabolism and sodium transport, and the specificity of the concentrative uptake of p-aminohippurate and oc-methyl-n-glucoside were examined and compared with published results from studies in eutherian mammals. Some minor differences between metatherians and eutherians were noted with regard to the specificities of the renal slice uptake systems. Penicillin G, a competitor of organic acid transport in eutherian kidneys, did not interact with the marsupial uptake system, and sodium acetate, which stimulates transport in other mammals, inhibited p-aminohippurate uptake in the slice of the possum kidney. 2-Deoxy-n-glucose, which interacts with the phlorizinsensitive monosaccharide transport system in the dog, rat and rabbit kidney, had no effect on oc-methyl-n-glucoside uptake in the possum, and the magnitude of the interaction of n-fructose resembled that reported in the dog and rat but was greater than the inhibition reported in the rabbit. n-Glucuronic acid and n-glucuronic acid lactone inhibited oc-methyl-n-glucoside uptake in the possum but had no effect on uptake in rat renal slices. In consideration of the reported variability of these parameters between different classes of eutherians, it was concluded that the primary mechanisms involved in organic solute transport by the proximal nephron of metatherians and eutherians were not significantly different.
Effects of Caecectomy on the Digestibility of Food and Rate of Passage of Digesta in the Rat
Authors: Williams VJ , Senior W
Published: November 2018

Minimum transit time through the alimentary tract of young adult female rats fed a stock diet adlibitum was reduced from 6� 6 � 0�4 h for sham-operated rats to 5�0 � 0�3 h for caecectomized rats, but there was no effect on transit time of digesta along the small intestine. Caecectomy decreased the apparent digestibility of crude protein, soluble carbohydrate, cellulose and hemicellulose. Digestibility of lipid was not affected. However, caecectomized rats did not increase their dry matter intakes to compensate for the reduced digestible energy intakes.
Stress by Immobilization, with Food and Water Deprivation, Causes Changes in Plasma Concentration of Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine and Corticosterone in Poultry
Authors: Wodzicka-Tomaszewska Manika , Stelmasiak T , Cumming RB
Published: November 2018

Measurements were sought for assessment of stress during investigations of welfare in intensively housed poultry. Immobilization was used as a stressor in experiments involving 64 cockerels of various ages. Two parameters were found to be related to acute stress: plasma triiodothyronine (T 3) concentration, which fell markedly, and plasma corticosterone concentration, which rose consiQerably, in all birds during severe stress. Concurrently, plasma thyroxine (T4) concentration also fell in most, but not all, birds.
Amino acid sequences containing cysteine or cysteine residues in ovalbumin from eggs of the turkey Melagris gallopavo.
Authors: Webster DM , Thompson EOP
Published: November 2018

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Changes in Milk Carbohydrates and Electrolytes during Early Lactation in the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii
Authors: Messer M , Griffiths M , Green B
Published: November 2018

Milk samples were collected from 13 tammar wallabies immediately post partum and from a further 10 animals at various times up to 3 weeks after birth.
Studies on the Apoproteins of the Major Lipoprotein of the Yolk of Hen's Eggs. V. Protein Sulfhydryl Groups: Accessibility in the Lipoprotein and the Effect of Temperature
Authors: Nguyen THL , Burley RW
Published: November 2018

Sulfhydryl groups in the apoproteins of the major lipoprotein (density 0�95 gjml) of hen's egg yolk have been studied by colorimetry, analysis for carboxymethylcysteine, and labelling with (14C]iodocompounds and their distribution amongst the individual apoproteins (i.e. apovitellenins I-VI) has been determined.
Estimation of the Relative Viabilities of Insecticide Resistance Genotypes of the Australian Sheep Blowfly Lucilia cuprina
Authors: McKenzie JA , Whitten MJ
Published: November 2018

Artificial strikes were initiated on sheep at different times after treatment with either diazinon (an organophosphorus compound) or lindane (an organochlorine compound).
Isolation of Choriomammotropin from the Ovine Placentome
Authors: Leach Harper CM , L Ford V , Thorburn GD
Published: November 2018

Placentomes, taken from ewes at 101-141 days gestation, were homogenized and subjected to differential and density gradient centrifugation. In the presence or absence of protease inhibitors, choriomammotropin (ovine chorionic somatomammotropin, oCS) was detected by radioimmunoassay, and banded at two positions in 30-60% w/v sucrose gradients. The first band (soluble form) eluted in the sample zone of the gradient and contained 33�6� 1 % (mean�s.e.m., n = 10) of the total oCS present in the gradient. The remainder (48� 7�6%) of the oCS (particulate form) sedimented to 37�5-43% w/v sucrose. Both these bands became sharper with decreasing protein loaded onto the gradients. 125I_oCS, pre-equilibrated with a placentome preparation, eluted in the same position as the first band of endogenous oCS. When loaded onto a second gradient the second band eluted at 38-41 % w /v sucrose, but after being subjected to ultrasonic disruption or treatment with Triton X-I00 this oCS eluted in the sample zone. There was no correlation between gestational age of the ewe and the percentage oCS in either the soluble or particulate form, the concentration of oCS, or enrichment by protein.
Structure of the Epidermis of Australian Merino Sheep Over a 12-Month Period
Authors: Britt AG , Cotton CL , Kellett BH , Pitman IH , Trask JA
Published: November 2018

Light-microscopic examination of frozen sections of skin taken from the dorsal thoraco-Iumbar region of Australian Merino sheep in winter revealed that the thickness of the epidermis plus a sudanophilic layer was 24�9 !tm in the interfollicular region. The uncornified epidermis (10�9 !till) was separated from the sudanophilic layer (14�0 !tm) by a thin stratum corneum. It was concluded that the bulk of the sudanophilic layer was emulsified sebum in which was embedded a disorganized collection of desquamated cornified cells. Although large variances were observed in the thickness of the uncornified epidermis and of the sudanophilic layers between sheep and both within the between blocks of tissue obtained from individual sheep, there were no strong seasonal effects on either epidermal structure or layer thickness over a 12-month period. These results suggest that the Australian Merino differs from Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes, which are reported to possess, at least in winter, a thicker uncornified epidermis and a thicker stratum corneum that could be divided into two zones and was uniformly permeated by lipid.
Effects of Mild Heat Exposure and Suppression of Prolactin Secretion on Gastro-intestinal Tract Function and Temperature Regulation in Sheep
Authors: Faichney OJ , Barry TN
Published: November 2018

The effects of mild heat exposure (30�C; 30% relative humidity), and of the suppression of prolactin secretion under such conditions, were studied in anoestrous ewes given daily 791 g dry matter of a pelleted mixture of lucerne hay and oat grain (3: 2). 51Cr-EDTA, 103Ru-phenanthroline and lignin were used to determine mean retention times (MRT) in the gastro-intestinal (01) tract by a continuous infusion-total sampling procedure.
Wool Proteins of New Zealand Romney Sheep
Authors: Woods JL , Orwin DFG
Published: November 2018

Proteins extracted from the wool of 65 Romney ewes were analysed qualitatively by one- and twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Romney wool proteins could be classified into the iow-sulfur, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine protein groups described for wool from other breeds.
The Ovariectomized Ewe: Its Contribution to Controlled Breeding
Authors: Moore NW
Published: November 2018

The ovariectomized ewe has been used to establish principles and procedures which have proved invaluable in controlled breeding in entire animals. Bioassays in the ovariectomized ewe, using the end-point of oestrous behaviour, have been used to identify potent and rapidly metabolized progestagens which were subsequently used to control the time of oestrus and ovulation in cyclic ewes effectively, and to induce oestrus and ovulation in anoestrous ewes. Steroid hormone treatment of the ovariectomized ewe has been used to study relationships between the ovary and the pituitary - hypothalamic axis, to examine transport of embryos within the female tract and to establish the steroid hormone requirements of early pregnancy.
Ovulation in the Merino Ewe in the Breeding and Anoestrous Seasons
Authors: Pearce DT , Oldham CM
Published: November 2018

The pattern of ovulation of Merino ewes was studied by repeated laparoscopy each 14 days in the anoestrous (n = 97) and breeding (n = 87) seasons. In the anoestrous season the proportion of ewes ovulating did not decrease below 11 070, 42% of ewes never ovulated and the remainder fluctuated between the two states. On 20 occasions a clear anovulatory period was interrupted by an isolated spontaneous ovulation. In the breeding season the overall mean proportion of ewes with corpora lutea or albicantia at laparoscopy was 87%, 54% of ewes ovulated regularly throughout while in another 31% absence of corpora lutea or albicantia coincided with the follicular phase of an oestrous cycle as evidenced by an appropriately aged corpora lutea at the next laparoscopy. Of the remaining 15% of the flock 3% had anovulatory periods greater than 14 days while the remainder experienced irregular ovulatory cycles - the majority due to short periods of anovulation but some ewes retained corpora lutea for longer than 14 days while others ovulated twice between successive laparoscopies.