bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IS THE ETHICS OF ECONOMIES ADAPTED OR NOT TO THE IMPERATIVE OF BIOETHICS
Authors:   Institute of journalism, media and communication, Faculty of law ", Donev Dejan ,   Justinijan I",   , University ",   St. Cyril and Methodius",   , Skopje
Published: September 2021

The ethics in economy is not only a corrector, but also must be initiator if we want to achieve essence of our existence - the human being as “Homo ethicus”, as well as, which is more important for mankind - to achieve a human being as “Homo homine ethica ethicus est”. This remark points on two things. First: we came to the stage where we become aware about the fact that our economies are dehumanized. The second: that’s the reason why we must return to ethics and pull out from it that universal values which will make the managers of natural recourses more ethically awarded, so they will be able to start managing production without endangering bio potentials anymore. Previous remark lead us to conclusion that, no matter if the idiom “business ethics” is oxymoron or not, the present ethics is more a list of rules of conduction or, more precisely, etiquette. This clearly points that this kind of ethics of economy and in economy is not adoptive to the imperative of Bioethics: Don’t misuse recourses if you want to feed yourself and those for which you create the existence! This is so because always when we talk about ethics and ethicizing of those which managing the base of existence, de facto, are discussions about choosing the appropriate model of capitalism. The problem of these “discussions” is that we almost always forget to explain: is the chosen model of capitalization of society applicable considering the local specifics and needs of community? Therefore, the imperative of Bioethics, in this context, is to teach the ethics how to think about bio resource and bio heritage, even if we stop talk of some kinds of ethics and ethicizing of economies and of those which managing with it, because if we reconsider the reactions of the population, it is clear that they are seek of talking about it. But also, it’s recognizable the fact that they who talks just show that the essential thinking about Bioethics is absent and that the Bioethics, de facto, is a tabby. This fear from true talking and essential declaring origins from fear that thinking about the biohumanization of economy consequently will result with change of awareness and conscience about ethics, in general
STUDENTS' ATTITUDE AND ACCEPTANCE OF MATH STUDIES
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla, Rešić Sead , Ahmetbegović Admira ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla, Škrobić Alma ,   Elementary school "Solina", Tuzla
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to ascertain the type of relation elementary school students have toward mathematics classes. Through employing technical and scientific methods, a basis was constructed which can provide answers to numerous questions related to math classes, relation of students towards the subject matter, as well as to results being achieved in the subject mathematics during elementary education. The fact is that elementary school students exhibit difficulties in accepting the subject and achieve lower results in mathematics in comparison to other school subjects. Likewise, it is a fact that students upon gradating elementary school opt for high schools which have less mathematics in their curricula, and this state of affair continues when choosing higher education area. In the first theoretical part, certain fundamental concepts regarding this research topic have been clarified. The second part relates to the methodology of research of the above-mentioned problem. In the third part an analysis and interpretation of the results of conducted research has been provided.
LEGAL MATRIMONIAL REGIME IN B&H
Authors: Krešić Boris
Published: September 2021

Matrimonial regime between spouses or between extramarital partners and between parents an children is regulated by Family Law Act of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
PHENOMENAL FORMS OF FRAUD IN SYSTEM OF INDIRECT TAXATION
Authors:   Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sačić Elvir
Published: September 2021

This work could be summarized by a unique description: it is a phenomenological analysis designed to determine and analyze the concept of crimes against financial interest, i.e. budgetary funds of Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as of the European union.
JEALOUSY IN OTHELLO
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Mostar, Merzić Sanja
Published: September 2021

The intent of this paper is to address the theme of jealousy in Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the Moor of Venice (Othello) through various characters, especially focusing on characters of Othello and Iago.
Application of dynamic adaptive technology based on symbolic regression to identify modal parameters of chip sorter
Authors: Jiang Xuchu , Zhang Hu , Li Ying , Zhang Biao
Published: September 2021

Cantilever structure, which needs high-frequency rotating motion, is widely used in the field of chip manufacturing. The motion stability of high-frequency rotation motion of cantilever structure directly affects the production efficiency. The traditional dynamic analysis method is no longer applicable to analyze the vibration of cantilever structure under high-frequency rotating motion. It is also urgent to control the high-frequency rotation motion of cantilever mechanism. In this paper, experiments are designed to collect strain signals of chip sorter’s cantilever under high-frequency operation, and modal parameters are extracted from time domain signals by symbolic regression algorithm. The results of modal parameter identification at high-frequency are selected as the samples, and the Gaussian process regression model of machine learning algorithm is used to train the samples. The prediction results can be used as the basis of structural stability research and vibration suppression.
Dynamic response analysis of cable-stayed bridge under random traffic flow and fleet
Authors: Zhou Yan , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2021

The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration (VBCV) theory is being applied in the safety evaluation of existing bridges, such as cable-stayed bridge. In order to study the dynamic performance and vibration response of urban long-span cable-stayed bridges under traffic flow, and provide reference for the design, construction and safety assessment of existing bridges, the urban cable-stayed bridge with single tower and double cable in service was taken as the research object. The dynamic response of bridges under vehicles with different number, distance, speed and weight was analyzed. And the VBCV of bridge under different vehicle density and speed was discussed. The traffic flow on the bridge was simulated by the cellular automaton (CA) model, a half car model with four degrees of freedom was established, and the bridge models were established by the ANSYS software. According to the displacement coordination and mechanical balance conditions, the two models were connected, and were solved by MATLAB software. The dynamic response of the vehicle-bridge system under the vehicle fleet and random traffic flow was investigated. The research results showed that the vertical displacement (VD) of the main span increased with the number of vehicles, conversely, the vertical vibration acceleration (VVA) decreased. As driving distance increased, the VD and VVA of main span decreased. The VD of main span was not sensitive to the vehicle speed, but the VVA increased with the vehicle speed. The VD and VVA of the main span increased with the vehicle weight, and the VD of main span was proportional to the traffic density. As the traffic density increased, the VVA increased first, then decreased.
ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL WORK WITH THE PERSONS OF HOMES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTER FOR SOCIAL ADAPTATION “MELNITSA” IN KURSK)
Authors:   Kursk Clinical Psychiatry Hospital, Cherkashina Anastasia
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the organization of social work with persons without a fixed abode, the specifics of work and the technologies used with this category of the population by specialists of the Center for Social Adaptation “Melnitsa” in Kursk. The paper presents an analysis of homelessness statistics in the Russian Federation and abroad.
PRACTICE SKILLS METHODS. BASIC DIFFICULTIES, STUDENTS OPINION
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Arutjunov Gregory , Rylova Anna ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Polyakov Dmitry , Sigunova Dina ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Published: September 2021

The literature review of methods used for mastering objective investigation skills of the propedeutics of internal diseases course has been done, as well as questionnaire of second-year students of FSAEI HE N.I. Pirogov RNRMU MOH Russia from 19 to 20 years old. Provided form consisted of the basic part, prescribed to investigate the respondents subjective opinion about the level of mastering the basic skills, and 4 more specialized precising ones. The questionnaire has detected problems in studying the objective methods of observation related for more than half students. The heart-vascular system was acknowledged as the hardest part of the propedeutics of internal diseases course. Auscultation happened to be the most difficult skill. And practice on health volunteers and individual work with tutor were recognized as the effective ones.
“I” and collective responsibility
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Bakeeva Elena V. , Biricheva Ekaterina V. ,   Institute for Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the link of collective moral responsibility with “I” as an act of the realization of subjectness. The authors provide and verify the thesis about the primacy of “I” to any forms and cases of collective responsibility. The notion of “I” is reexamined taking into account the critique of the subject undertaken in the so-called “post-metaphysical” (J.Habermas) philosophy. The key point of this critique is the rejection of the understanding of “I” and of the subject as unchanging metaphysical entities. In this situation, it is of paramount importance to distinguish the dynamic core of “I”, which is free from any metaphysical connotation. In addressing this issue, the authors build on the concept of “I” as a responsible act (deed) as presented in works of Mikhail Bakhtin. According to this concept, “I” does not precede the act but is born in the actual responsible act in the face of an Other. This action turns out to be devoid of content here and is interpreted as an act of accepting responsibility in the face of the Absolute instance. Such an interpretation of “I” makes it possible to retain the possibility of a responsible act within the growing anonymity of a contemporary social being and to substantiate manifestations of collective responsibility in collective actions. The final part of the article lists the basic features that characterize the link of “I” as an act and collective responsibility. Of these features, the main one is associated with the impossibility of “external” vesting of responsibility to anyone due to his/her belonging to a certain community. Collective responsibility may be recognized only in the “inner” dimension of a personal act. Hence follows a fundamental asymmetry that characterizes the phenomenon of responsibility in general and collective responsibility in particular.
Legal status of russian citizens abroad
Authors: Khabibullina Ilnara Ramilevna , Timofeeva Daria Evgenevna , Sarantseva Anastasiia Dmitrievna
Published: September 2021

The legal status of Russian citizens abroad not only acts as an object of state activity, but at the same time constitutes the subject of Russian state policy. The Russian state is pursuing a policy of protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen in relation to compatriots, but at the same time, interference of the Russian Federation in the internal affairs of a foreign state is unacceptable. This article discusses issues related to the protection of the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation outside the state, as well as the activities of bodies whose duties include protecting the rights and interests of persons outside the country, and examines the regulatory framework aimed at the implementation of these rights.
Using an interactive climbing wall to develop motivation for physical education
Authors: Prudkij Ruslan Rinatovich
Published: September 2021

The article presents the experience of working with students with intellectual disabilities. The process of psychological support at physical education lessons, the development of mental abilities and physical abilities and skills necessary for the socialization of students is described.
The nineteenth-century drainage gallery of Cabezo de la Jara. Constructive and hydrogeological characteristics (Huércal Overa, Almería)
Authors: González Ramón Antonio , García Granados Francisco , Segura Herrero Andrés , Sánchez Díaz Tomás J. , Gea López Diego Raul , Llamas Sánchez Joaquín , García Benzal Vanessa , Mazón Núñez Alfonso , Pérez Martínez Pedro
Published: September 2021

A drainage gallery was built in the Cabezo de la Jara (Huércal Overa, Almería) aquifer between 1864 and 1886 for water catchment. Originally, it was about 2 km long through Miocene conglomerates and Triassic carbonates. Its construction process was complicated, due to the rivalry with the neighbouring municipality of Puerto Lumbreras (Murcia). With about 10 L/s of average flow rate, it is supposed to be the most important water point of this predominantly arid region. Nowadays, the Irrigation Community of “Aguas del Cabezo” is in charge of the management of the gallery and it is mainly used to water the fields in the vicinity and provide water for the animals on the farms. The gallery was explored anew in 2018 and a detailed topography map has been produced including the location of all the luminaries, a geological study of the surroundings, a chemical analysis of the groundwater evolution and measurements of the flow. The results show thermal and encrusting phenomena of the groundwater, demonstrating high sulphate and low chloride parameters. Based on all the collected information the hydraulic resources of the Cabezo de la Jara aquifer have been evaluated and 7 km2 of outcrops and a complex geological structure where all the infiltrated water is discharge by the gallery have been calculated. The annual average resources are estimated at around 0.4 hm3 with an infiltration coefficient of between 0.15 and 0.2.
Groundwater supply for Colonia Clunia Sulpicia (Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis)
Authors: Cuesta María Rosa , Ayuso Natalia , Cuchí José Antonio , De la Iglesia Miguel Ángel , Lera Francisco , Larma Rafael , Rausa José Antonio , Tuset Francesc , Viñals Víctor , Villarroel José Luis
Published: September 2021

Twenty centuries ago, a Roman authority founded a city on top of an inselberg where the discovery, by skill or chance, of a small aquifer which allowed access to a water supply for the city. In Roman times wells were drilled, of which nineteen reached a natural cavity. A horizontal gallery for water supply was also opened up, and a drainage conduct in the theatre was made to eliminate storm water. At some point, for natural or artificial reasons, the water table dropped and several wells dried up, forcing the descent of workers and other people to do additional work and to carve abundant graffiti and several clay figurines. The city did not survive the Middle Ages, the wells became cesspits and the ruins were plundered by neighbouring villages. It recovered its memory in the eighteenth century, in 1908 a Roman cave was rediscovered, the old water supply gallery, which gives access to the natural cave. This has been explored and surveyed by the Grupo Espeleológico Ribereño since 1980. From 2013, the Grupo de Technologías in Entornos Hostiles (University of Zaragoza) has carried out systematic radiolocation for the opening up of a direct access to the cavity. In addition, recognition of inscriptions with cavity scans and specific details have been made as well as the installation of two monitoring stations, both inside and outside the cavity to analyze the water performance of the system and the internal evolution of the CO2 content of the air in the cavity. The evolution of the piezometric level presents relatively important oscillations and a delay of two months is detected between the moments of heavy rains and the increase of water levels in the cavity. The CO2 content has a double periodicity, annual and daily.
Sediment Cyclicity and the Carnian Pluvial Episode: Evidence from Spectral Gamma-ray Logging of the Mercia Mudstone Group, SW England
Authors: Ruffell A. , Kürschner W. M.
Published: September 2021

The Late Triassic exposed on the Devon coast (SW England) is analysed through spectral gamma-ray logging and considered in terms of two theories of palaeoenvironmental change: sediment cyclicity and the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE). A decrease in total count gamma-ray output occurs at the CPE and reflects a geographically extensive change in depositional styles from siltstones and isolated playa-lake, evaporitic mudstones to more geographically-widespread evaporite-bearing mudstone cycles. Th/K and Th/U ought to increase (through humid weathering) in the CPE, but these ratios do not change until above the CPE-related Dunscombe Mudstone Formation. A delayed response in Th enrichment is considered likely, reacting to both the initiation of the 1.2my long CPE, but also longer-term and widespread Carnian rifting, marine inundation and volcanism in Pangaea.
Hydraulic and thermal fracturing techniques for successful stimulation in unconventional geothermal energy recovery
Authors: Kumari W.G.P. , Ranjith P.G. , Perera M.S.A. , Avanthi Isaka B. L.
Published: September 2021

Unconventional or enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) have been recently identified as potential geothermal resources which can be utilized to extract the  heat trapped in the deep geological formations. However, due to the low formation porosity in these systems, an underground heat exchanger must be artificially created to enhance reservoir permeability. A number of reservoir stimulation techniques are adopted in EGSs to enhance their permeability, including hydraulic fracturing and thermal fracturing. The aim of the present work is to provide an in-depth understanding of these reservoir stimulation techniques based on our current laboratory experimental work. Recent literature on the topic has been comprehensively reviewed, and advanced laboratory tests have been conducted to understand hydraulic and thermal fracturing techniques under reservoir conditions. Experiments were conducted utilizing the high-temperature high-pressure rock tri-axial apparatus and quenching treatments were performed by injecting cold water into granite rocks heated to different temperatures. Flow-through experiments were also conducted on intact and fractured granite rocks and the results were compared to predict production enhancement upon stimulation. CT scanning technology was employed to determine micro-scale characteristics following stimulation. Experimental work revealed that the propagation paths and apertures of hydraulic and thermal fractures are controlled by the in-situ stress and temperature and the heterogeneity of the rock matrix. Although the induced fractures contributed substantial enhancement of reservoir permeability, they were sensitive to stress and temperature changes due to the larger effective stresses and thermally induced volumetric expansion.
Landscape, geology and defensive architecture of the Spanish Civil War in the SW sector of the Guadarrama Range. A new methodology for geological-archaeological research
Authors: Baltuille Martín José Manuel , Schnell Quiertant Pablo , Rubio Pascual Francisco Javier
Published: September 2021

The Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, in collaboration with the Spanish Association of Friends of the Castles, started the project “Landscape, Geology and Military Architecture in 2016. The defensive constructions of the Madrid Front (1936-1939)”. Following the current trends of collaboration between multidisciplinary teams, both historical-archaeological and geological techniques have been used. This study, focused on highlighting the petrological and morphological characteristics of the constructions (preferably made of masonry) and their spatial location in their environment, has allowed us to develop a specific work methodology.
An area of about 13,000 ha has been studied in the Guadarrama Range, in the municipalities of Robledo de Chavela, Santa Maria de la Alameda and Valdemaqueda, where more than one thousand defensive elements have been located on both sides of the conflict, classified into 18 types of construction.
The final result of the project will allow society to know and enjoy the historical, cultural and heritage background that these spaces represent, replacing the concept of a natural landscape with that of a geo-cultural landscape.
Nutrient export from largely pristine catchments (Serranía de Cuenca, Central Spain)
Authors: Álvarez Cobelas Miguel , Rojo Carmen , Sánchez Carrillo Salvador
Published: September 2021

We report here the summer nutrient (organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) export from pristine catchments of the Serranía de Cuenca (Central Spain). These mountains are mostly encompassed by forested and rangeland landscapes and appear to have important groundwater outputs. On the basis of instantaneous sampling for nutrient chemistry, including in situ records of discharge in these largely non-gauged areas, nutrient fluxes downstream were estimated. Long-term (1982-2010) annual yields of total nitrogen and phosphorus downstream were also estimated from official data using discharge and concentrations at three larger sub-catchments, with the aim of relating them to the effects of global warming. Average nutrient concentrations in these streams were rather low. The fraction of organic nitrogen content was relatively high, as in other forested catchments. Variability of concentrations changed from one catchment to another, but was wide. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus export downstream ranged from one- for organic carbon and nitrogen to three orders of magnitude for phosphorus, but these values lie within the lower quartile of reported export worldwide. There were no statistically significant relationships between discharge and nutrient concentrations. Water retention by lakes and reservoirs upstream decreased the variability of nutrients, particulate organic carbon and total nitrogen, but total phosphorus retention was unaffected. The catchment surface area and land use were unrelated with the phosphorus export. In-stream biological processes appeared to be negligible for nutrient export.
Contrary to the N export the annual P flux export was partly explained by discharge (and hence rainfall) in the long-term, which seemingly suggests a global warming effect for P.
Our results suggest that pristine catchments experience a complex behaviour of nutrient export that deserves further research, and should be more detailed to see if groundwater input plays a significant role.
Hydrogeological functioning of the Trías de Antequera. Hypothesis on the general groundwater flow model
Authors: Mudarra Martínez Matías , Gil Márquez José Manuel , Andreo Navarro Bartolomé , Carrasco Cantos Francisco , Linares Girela Luis
Published: September 2021

The Trías de Antequera (in the north of the province of Malaga), belonging to the so-called Chaotic Subbetic Complexes, is formed by diverse materials (clays, evaporites, sandstone, ophites, dolostones, etc.). This complex has traditionally been considered to have low permeable behavior as a whole. Nevertheless, some studies evidence high hydrogeological complexity, with predominantly aquitard functioning and higher permeability in the evaporitic outcrops as a result of dissolution/karstification processes and halokinetic movements. Recharge is associated with direct rainfall infiltration and runoff entry through karst swallow holes, whilst discharge mainly takes place towards the Meliones Strait, in the Guadalhorce River. Hydrogeochemical data reveal a general increase of water temperature and mineralization from outlets located at higher places towards those at a lower altitude. This provokes a progressive transition of hydrochemical facies: from calcium-bicarbonate to sodium-chloride type, passing through calcium-sulphated waters. All these results suggest the existence of a hierarchized groundwater flowpath system, with different residence times in the media, similar to that proposed by Tóth for sedimentary basins. Thus, low mineralization groundwater of recent infiltration (flowing through karst conduits within the unsaturated zone) is mixed with older groundwater related to the deep ascending slow flow paths of greater residence time in the media.
The progress of knowledge of the geological structure of the northwest of the Iberian peninsular until the early 1970s
Authors: Julivert M.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to analize the evolution of the tectonic knowledge of the northwestern part of Spain, from the first geological maps and the first isolated tectonic data to the model established at the beginning of the seventies. The area to be analized has the interest of representing a complete cross-section of an orogenic belt, with three clearly delimited areas, from east to west: an external, non-metamorphic part, with décollement nappes, a fold-nappe area with increasing metamorphism from east to west, and an internal western part with high-grade metamorphim, granites, and basic/ultrabasic overriding complexes. In this article no other branches of the geology, such as stratigraphy, paleontology, petrology, sedimentology, etc, are considered. Only when dealing with the first geological papers published on the area, some references to the stratigraphy are made, as without the stratigraphical succession being established no tectonic interpretation is possible.
Results of seawater intrusion in Mediterranean Spain and the Spanish islands according to the SASMIE report
Authors: Custodio Emilio
Published: September 2021

Groundwater salinization of the Spanish aquifers by seawater has been known for decades. However, in only a few cases has this been managed to control the damage, as salinization affects small territories and involves water rights that in practice remain largely in the private domain. Groundwater salinization affects many people and industrial, tourist and agricultural activities. The greatest problems appeared in the last decades of the 20th century. Some of them still persist but others have been dwindling as water from other origins rather than local ones has been made available to substitute existing pumped wells. The abandonment of part of the coastal aquifers as a freshwater resource is an important hydraulic inheritance loss and especially a decrease in the guarantee of water availability if other costly and environmentally less friendly structures are not incorporated. Global and climatic change may modify the current situation. Coastal aquifers can be recovered if the cost is proportionate. Seawater intrusion implies an impairment to general wellbeing due to enhanced corrosion, negative effects on agriculture, deterioration of wetlands, and a decrease in the ecologically important continental freshwater outflow to the ocean. All this goes beyond the scope of the aquifer good status of coastal groundwater bodies to be achieved according to the European Water Framework Directive. Long-term manag ement action is needed, both structural and non–structural. The current experience in Spain has been synthetized in the SASMIE (2017) report, developed by the Technical University of Catalonia with the support of SUEZ-Spain and the overview of CETAQUA, which centers on the Mediterranean and island areas of Spain. Some of the most relevant situations here are considered, based on the available data.
Geochronology of the mega-landslides of the last million years in Tenerife. Part II New contributions to knowledge about the landslides
Authors: Ferrer Gijón Mercedes , González de Vallejo Luis Ignacio , García López-Davalillo Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

The review on the ages available in the bibliography (1972-2019) related to the mega-landslides of the island of Tenerife in the last million years, and the new Ar/Ar ages we have obtained have allowed us to propose the following ages for the landslides of: Icod: ~170 ka; La Orotava: ~560, ~530 y ~500(?) ka; Güímar: ~830 ka; and Micheque: 810-830 ka (Ferrer et al., 2020-this volume). The relationship between the ages of the landslides and the geological and geomorphological evidence that support the flank instability failure processes, based on field observations in outcrops and underground data -from thegalleries excavated through the filling of the landslide valley- are presented. The hypothesis of several overlapping flank landslides, with time intervals of at least several tens of thousands of years is proposed, ruling out the occurrence of single processes of massive and instantaneous failure of the insular flank; thus, in the case of the La Orotava valley, an age of around 530 ka is confirmed for a large landslide, as well as the occurrence of other landslides around 560 ka and 500 ka. The relationship and causality between the Icod landslide, the last one that occurred in Tenerife, and the great explosive eruption at the end of the Cañadas cycle, and not the opposite as some authors have suggested, has also been analyzed, concluding that the explosion was a consequence of the landslide, ~170 ka ago. New data and evidence for the Micheque landslide are shown, indicating a Pliocene age for the deep substrate of the La  Orotava and Micheque landslides.
The Factors Determining the Skin Penetration and Cellular Uptake of Nanocarriers: New Hope for Clinical Development
Authors: Farjami Afsaneh , Salatin Sara , Jafari Samira , Mahmoudian Mohammad , Jelvehgari Mitra
Published: September 2021

The skin provides a protective barrier against toxic environments and also offers a valuable route for
topical drug delivery. The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as the major barrier
to chemical transfer through the skin. The human skin barrier is particularly difficult to overcome because
of the complex composition and structure of the SC. Nanoparticulate carriers have gained widespread attention
in topical drug delivery due to their tunable and versatile properties. The present review summarizes the main
factors involved in skin penetration of nanocarriers containing the drug. Employment of nanotechnology in topical
delivery has grown progressively during recent years; however, it is important to monitor the skin penetration
of nanocarriers prior to their use to avoid possible toxic effects. Nanocarriers can act as a means to increase
skin permeation of drugs by supporting direct interaction with the SC and increasing the period of permanence
on the skin. Skin penetration is influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers such as composition,
size, shape, surface chemistry, as well as skin features. Considering that the target of topical systems
based on nanocarriers is the penetration of therapeutic agents in the skin layers, so a detailed understanding of
the factors influencing skin permeability of nanocarriers is essential for safe and efficient therapeutic applications.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2,7-Naphthyridine Derivatives: An Overview
Authors: Wójcicka Anna
Published: September 2021

2,7-Naphthyridine is one of the six structural isomers of pyridopyridine. Biological
investigations have shown that these compounds have a broad spectrum of activity. They have
been found to have antitumor, antimicrobial, analgesic and anticonvulsant effects. The broad
spectrum of biological activity of 2,7-naphthyridine derivatives is the main reason for the
preparation of new compounds containing this scaffold. This review aims to present various
methods of obtaining 2,7-naphthyridine analogs. Compounds containing a 2,7-naphthyridine
moiety can be synthesized from a variety of substrates and may be classified into four main
categories: those derived from acyclic compounds, from quinoline derivatives, from pyridine
derivatives, and from other compounds. Most of them were obtained by the cyclocondensation
or intramolecular cyclization of pyridine derivatives. Cyclocondensations of non-cyclic substrates
also produced 2,7-naphthyridine derivatives. Tricyclic benzo[2,7]naphthyridines were prepared from quinolines.
The 2,7-naphthyridine scaffold has also been synthesized by the rearrangement of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines,
pyrano[3,4-c]pyridines or thiopyrano[3,4-c]pyridines.
Stem Cells as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Aishwarya L , Arun Dharmarajan , Kannan Suresh
Published: September 2021

:

In future, neurodegenerative diseases will take over cancer's place and become the major
cause of death in the world, especially in developed countries. Advancements in the medical
field and its facilities have led to an increase in the old age population, and thus contributing to the
increase in number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Economically it is a great
burden to society and the affected family. No current treatment aims to replace, protect, and regenerate
lost neurons; instead, it alleviates the symptoms, extends the life span by a few months and
creates severe side effects. Moreover, people who are affected are physically dependent for performing
their basic activities, which makes their life miserable. There is an urgent need for therapy
that could be able to overcome the deficits of conventional therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Stem cells, the unspecialized cells with the properties of self-renewing and potency to differentiate
into various cells types, can become a potent therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases.
Stem cells have been widely used in clinical trials to evaluate their potential in curing different
types of ailments. In this review, we discuss the various types of stem cells and their potential use
in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases-plural based on published preclinical and clinical
studies.
3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rad Maryam Rezai , Khojasteh Arash , Mohaghegh Sadra , Hosseini Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological
and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds.

Method:

Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus
databases limited to English articles published until May 2021. Studies in which composite scaffolds
were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM)-
based methods were included. Articles regarding the features of the scaffolds fabricated
through indirect techniques were excluded.

Results:

Full text of 121 studies were reviewed, and 69 met the inclusion criteria. According to
analyzed studies, PCL and HA were the most commonly used polymer and ceramic, respectively.
Besides, the solvent-based technique was the most commonly used composition technique,
which enabled preparing blends with high concentrations of ceramic materials. The most common
fabrication method used in the included studies was fused deposition modeling (FDM). The
addition of bio-ceramics enhanced the mechanical features and the biological behaviors of the
printed scaffolds in a ratio-dependent manner. However, studies that analyzed the effect of ceramic
weight ratio showed that scaffolds with the highest ceramic content did not necessarily
possess the optimal biological and non-biological features.

Conclusion:

The biological and physico-chemical behaviors of the scaffold can be affected by
pre-printing factors, including utilized materials, composition techniques, and fabrication methods.
Fabricating scaffolds with high mineral content as of the natural bone may not provide the
optimal condition for bone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies compare
the efficiency of different kinds of biomaterials rather than different weight ratios of one type.
Cross-sectional Relationships Between Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) with General and Abdominal Obesity and Blood Pressure in Iranian Hospital Employees
Authors: Mirashrafi Shahrzad , Kafeshani Marzieh , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Entezari Mohammad H.
Published: September 2021

Background and Aims:

Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and related disorders,
there is an urgent need to examine the relationship between diet quality and public health.
The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) is one of the indices that is used to assess diet quality.
Therefore, we investigated the relationship between AHEI and anthropometric measurements
and blood pressure.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 127 male and female hospital employees were examined.
The AHEI was calculated by a 168 items Food Frequency Questionnaire. Body weight, height,
Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) and blood pressure
were measured by skilled nutritionists. Physical activity level was also obtained by International
Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Results :

The mean total AHEI score in participants was reported as 47.1±6.9 (min=31.9,
max=60.3). The mean differences of total AHEI score across the obese/non-obese employees were
not statistically significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between total
AHEI score and BMI (r=0.019), WC (r=0.022), WHR (r=-0.102), systolic (r=-0.133) and diastolic
blood pressure (r=-0.040) (P>0.05). The score of nuts and soybeans was inversely related to
the WHR (P=0.008) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.030). Cereal fiber score had a negative relationship
with BMI (P=0.02), WC (P=0.03), WHR (P=0.004) and systolic (P<0.001) and diastolic
blood pressure (P=0.012).

Conclusion:

Consumption of nuts and soybeans -one serving per day- can be associated with
WHR and systolic blood pressure reduction. More studies with a larger scale are needed to examine
diet quality.
Recent Patents on Detection of Bearing Temperature
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Zhang Jiashuo
Published: September 2021

Background:

One of the critical factors affecting the life of bearings is the bearing temperature
during operation, so the temperature is an important parameter to detect the running state of
the bearing. The abnormal increase in bearing temperature can reflect problems such as bearing
damage, lack of lubricating oil, and installation errors. With the continuous improvement of rotating
machinery equipment operating speed, load level and equipment processing accuracy requirements,
there is an urgent need to detect and analyze the temperature rise of bearings.

Objective:

By analyzing recent representative patents for bearing temperature detection, we summarize
the characteristics and problems of current bearing temperature detection devices and provide a
reference for the future development of bearing temperature detection devices

Methods:

This article traces the recent representative patents related to bearing temperature detection
method and device structure.

Results:

Through the investigation of a large number of patents of bearing temperature detection devices,
the main existing problems in the system and structure of bearing temperature detection are concluded
and analyzed, and the development of bearing temperature detection is discussed in the future.

Conclusion:

The bearing temperature measuring device is significant for analyzing bearing heating
and detecting the running state of the bearing. The current research results need further development
and improvement. With the development of automated detection technology, bearing temperature
measurement is also evolving towards intelligence and dynamics. It is foreseeable that more related
patents on bearing temperature detection will be invented.
A Review of Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Saadatmand Heva J. , Ho Pochu
Published: September 2021

Background:

Alcohol use disorder represents a serious health problem worldwide which is
increasing in pervasiveness. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common clinical problem encountered
in emergency departments and inpatient settings, including intensive care units. While benzodiazepines
are the most widely used class of medication for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, in recent
years, there is renewed interest in using phenobarbital, a barbiturate, in the treatment of refractory alcohol
withdrawal.

Objective:

This review provides an overview of phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal,
as well as clinical outcomes in patients, while also outlining some of the limitations of existing studies
in comparing phenobarbital to benzodiazepines.

Methods:

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched using the terms phenobarbital,
barbiturates, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Prospective and retrospective trials comparing
phenobarbital with benzodiazepines to treat alcohol withdrawal in English were included.

Results:

Two prospective randomized controlled and eleven retrospective cohort trials were identified.
Phenobarbital is safe alone and as an adjunct to benzodiazepine in the emergency department, intensive
care units, general medical units and acute trauma surgery service. In a randomized controlled trial,
one dose of phenobarbital in the emergency department significantly reduced the intensive care
admission rate. There is some evidence that phenobarbital may be effective in the treatment of benzodiazepine-
refractory alcohol withdrawal.

Conclusion:

Although existing knowledge and practice regarding phenobarbital for the treatment of
alcohol withdrawal are increasing, there currently remains limited evidence in support of phenobarbital
over benzodiazepines in superior efficacy and outcomes.
Brewing optimization for functional properties and visual appearance of Dampit Robusta coffee leaves tea
Authors: Fibrianto Kiki , Yuwono Sudarminto Setyo , Wahibah Laila Yum
Published: September 2021

Coffee leaf tea is made by drying coffee leaves in an oven at 70oC for 4 hours. The quality of coffee leaves tea does not only depend on the process of making tea but also the way the tea is brewed. There were 2 types of brewing techniques investigated in this study, namely infusion and decoction. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was conducted to optimize the brewing time and temperature for obtaining highly functional coffee leaves tea with optimum total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) sensory technique was then applied to determine the sensory characteristics of coffee leaf tea. It was observed that optimum tea quality brewed by hot infusion technique was obtained at 80.03oC for 10.4 minutes while that of decoction technique was obtained at 95.38oC for 5.7 minutes. The coffee leaves tea brewed by decoction technique have higher total phenolic content, tannin and antioxidant activity than that of infusion technique (p-value<0.05). Even though the functional properties of coffee leaves tea such as total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, tended to be lower than that of commercial black tea, the coffee leaves tea is still more superior than that of tea leaves that prepared as the process of coffee leaves tea. The coffee leaves tea that brewed by both decoction and infusion techniques were well accepted by consumer panel.
STUDI PEMBUATAN ES KRIM YOGHURT SINBIOTIK DARI PROPORSI YOGHURT UWI UNGU : SUSU DAN PENAMBAHAN CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE
Authors: Rosida Rosida , Santi Sintha Soraya
Published: September 2021

Uwi ungu mempunyai kandungan serat pangan dan inulin yang tinggi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber prebiotik. Filtrat uwi ungu bersama susu sapi dapat difermentasi menjadi yoghurt sinbiotik. Selanjutnya yoghurt sinbiotik dan susu sapi diolah menjadi es krim untuk meningkatkan daya terima produk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh proporsi yoghurt sinbiotik dan susu sapi serta penambahan CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) pada sifat fisikokimia dan organoleptik es krim yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 2 ulangan. Faktor kesatu adalah proporsi yoghurt sinbiotik:susu (20:80, 30:70, 40:60) dan faktor kedua adalah penambahan CMC (0,4, 0,5, 0,6%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisa sidik ragam, bila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji DMRT. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan proporsi yoghurt sinbiotik:susu sapi (30:70) dan penambahan CMC 0,6%, yang menghasilkan es krim dengan rata-rata total BAL (Bakteri Asam Laktat) 5,85 log CFU/ml, pH 5,20, overrun 38,35%, laju pelelahan 15,34 menit, viskositas 108,75 mPas, rata-rata skor tekstur 4,40, skor rasa 4,73, skor warna 4,47 dan skor aroma 4,60 (suka-sangat suka). Yoghurt sinbiotik yang dihasilkan mempunyai sifat fisikokimia dan dapat diterima konsumen sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai minuman kesehatan.
Local Differential Privacy in the Medical Domain to Protect Sensitive Information: Algorithm Development and Real-World Validation
Authors: Sung MinDong , Cha Dongchul , Park Yu Rang
Published: September 2021

Background

Privacy is of increasing interest in the present big data era, particularly the privacy of medical data. Specifically, differential privacy has emerged as the standard method for preservation of privacy during data analysis and publishing.

Objective

Using machine learning techniques, we applied differential privacy to medical data with diverse parameters and checked the feasibility of our algorithms with synthetic data as well as the balance between data privacy and utility.

Methods

All data were normalized to a range between –1 and 1, and the bounded Laplacian method was applied to prevent the generation of out-of-bound values after applying the differential privacy algorithm. To preserve the cardinality of the categorical variables, we performed postprocessing via discretization. The algorithm was evaluated using both synthetic and real-world data (from the eICU Collaborative Research Database). We evaluated the difference between the original data and the perturbated data using misclassification rates and the mean squared error for categorical data and continuous data, respectively. Further, we compared the performance of classification models that predict in-hospital mortality using real-world data.

Results

The misclassification rate of categorical variables ranged between 0.49 and 0.85 when the value of ε was 0.1, and it converged to 0 as ε increased. When ε was between 102 and 103, the misclassification rate rapidly dropped to 0. Similarly, the mean squared error of the continuous variables decreased as ε increased. The performance of the model developed from perturbed data converged to that of the model developed from original data as ε increased. In particular, the accuracy of a random forest model developed from the original data was 0.801, and this value ranged from 0.757 to 0.81 when ε was 10-1 and 104, respectively.

Conclusions

We applied local differential privacy to medical domain data, which are diverse and high dimensional. Higher noise may offer enhanced privacy, but it simultaneously hinders utility. We should choose an appropriate degree of noise for data perturbation to balance privacy and utility depending on specific situations.