bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carotid Artery-Cavernous Segment Injury during an Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Overlooked Option for Surgical Trapping in the Hyperacute Phase
Authors: Kahilogullari Gokmen , Bahadır Burak , Bozkurt Melih , Akcalar Seray , Balci Sinan , Arat Anil
Published: December 2021

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury is a catastrophic complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). However, its standard management, emergent endovascular treatment, may not always be available, and the transnasal approach may be insufficient to achieve hemostasis.

A 44-year-old woman with pituitary adenoma underwent EES complicated with the ICA cavernous segment injury (CSI). In urgent intraoperative angiogram, a good collateral flow from the contralateral carotid circulation was observed. Due to the unavailability of intraoperative embolization, emergent surgical trapping was performed by combined transcranial and cervical approach. The patient recovered but later developed a giant cavernous pseudoaneurysm. During the pseudoaneurysm embolization, ICA was directly accessed via a 1.7-F puncture hole using a bare microcatheter technique. Then, both the aneurysm and parent artery were obliterated with coils. At the 4-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic without a residual tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ICA–CSI during EES successfully treated with ICA trapping as a lifesaving urgent surgery that achieved a complete recovery after a pseudoaneurysm embolization. Although several studies reported that EES-related ICA–CSIs with percutaneous carotid artery access, neither our surgical salvage technique nor our carotid access and tract embolization techniques were previously described.
Peeling back the effect of quantum dot shell thickness on blue QLEDs
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2021

Transient electroluminescence measurements reveal the ideal shell thickness for optimizing blue quantum-dot light-emitting diode performance.
Integrability, normal forms, and magnetic axis coordinates
Authors: Burby J. W. , Duignan N. , Meiss J. D.
Published: December 2021

Integrable or near-integrable magnetic fields are prominent in the design of plasma confinement devices. Such a field is characterized by the existence of a singular foliation entirely consisting of invariant submanifolds. A compact regular leaf (a flux surface) of this foliation must be diffeomorphic to the two-torus. In a neighborhood of a flux surface, it is known that the magnetic field admits several exact smooth normal forms in which the field lines are straight. However, these normal forms break down near singular leaves, including elliptic and hyperbolic magnetic axes. In this paper, the existence of exact smooth normal forms for integrable magnetic fields near elliptic and hyperbolic magnetic axes is established. In the elliptic case, smooth near-axis Hamada and Boozer coordinates are defined and constructed. Ultimately, these results establish previously conjectured smoothness properties for smooth solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations. The key arguments are a consequence of a geometric reframing of integrability and magnetic fields: they are presymplectic systems.
Surface effects in cylindrical anode particles: Mechanical versus electrochemical performance determined by charging condition in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Sengupta Amrita , Chakraborty Jeevanjyoti
Published: December 2021

Surface stresses, in nano-sized battery anode particles undergoing chemomechanical interactions, have a compressive effect on diffusion-induced stresses. This, on the one hand, improves the mechanical endurance of the particles and, on the other hand, degrades their electrochemical performance. However, this straightforward prediction of an improved mechanical performance is re-evaluated in this work in light of large axial length-increase during lithiation within Si nanowires. Interestingly, we observed that the influence of surface stress on length-increase of nanowires is dependent on the charging conditions (galvanostatic/potentiostatic). The mathematical model we present to capture the sensitive interplay among these effects is based on the finite deformation formulation, considering two-way coupling of diffusion-induced stresses and stress-enhanced diffusion. Additionally, we consider the influence of a constraining material at the core, whose material and geometrical properties can be suitably tuned. Finally, we present a competitive analysis for the overall performance of the anode particles under the combined effects of surface stresses and constraining material to determine the best possible particle sizes for different charging conditions. Such a comprehensive approach strengthens our understanding of different mechanical and electrochemical factors in general chemomechanical interactions involved in various applications of nanostructures.
Quantum quench and coherent–incoherent dynamics of Ising chains interacting with dissipative baths
Authors: Dani Reshmi , Makri Nancy
Published: December 2021

The modular path integral methodology is used to extend the well-known spin-boson dynamics to finite-length quantum Ising chains, where each spin is coupled to a dissipative harmonic bath. The chain is initially prepared in the ferromagnetic phase where all spins are aligned, and the magnetization is calculated with spin–spin coupling parameters corresponding to the paramagnetic phase, mimicking a quantum quench experiment. The observed dynamics is found to depend significantly on the location of the tagged spin. In the absence of a dissipative bath, the time evolution displays irregular patterns that arise from multiple frequencies associated with the eigenvalues of the chain Hamiltonian. Coupling of each spin to a harmonic bath leads to smoother dynamics, with damping effects that are stronger compared to those observed in the spin-boson model and more prominent in interior spins, a consequence of additional damping from the spin environment. Interior spins exhibit a transition from underdamped oscillatory to overdamped monotonic dynamics as the temperature, spin–bath, or spin–spin coupling is increased. In addition to these behaviors, a new dynamical pattern emerges in the evolution of edge spins with strong spin–spin coupling at low and intermediate temperatures, where the magnetization oscillates either above or below the equilibrium value.
Developing a near-infrared spectroscopy and microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography-based dual-modality imaging system
Authors: Su L. , Xu S. Z. , Huang Y. X. , Wu Q. , Hou Z. W.
Published: December 2021

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques can provide noninvasive in vivo hemoglobin oxygenation information but suffer from relatively low resolution in biological tissue imaging. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) can produce high-resolution images of the biological tissue anatomy but offer limited physiological information of samples because of the single species of the chromophore it maps. To overcome these drawbacks and take advantage of the merits of the two independent techniques, we built a dual-modality system by combining a NIRS system and a TAT system to image biological tissues. A series of phantom trials were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the new system. The spatial resolution is about 1 mm, with a penetration depth of at least 17.5 mm in the human subject. A cohort of five healthy subjects was recruited to conduct real-time forearm venous and arterial cuff occlusion experiments. Numerous results showed that this dual-modality system could measure oxygen metabolism and simultaneously provide anatomical structure changes of biological tissues. We also found that although the hemoglobin concentration varied consistently with many other published papers, the TAT signal intensity of veins showed an opposite variation tendency in the venous occlusion stage compared with other existing work. A detailed explanation is given to account for the discrepancy, thus, providing another possibility for the forearm experiments using TAT. Furthermore, based on the multiple types of information afforded by this dual-modality system, a pilot clinical application for the diagnosis of anemia is discussed.
Unraveling the effect of shell thickness on charge injection in blue quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Yuan Qilin , Wang Ting , Xue Xulan , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Hanzhuang , Zhou Mi , Ji Wenyu
Published: December 2021

Although huge progress has been made for quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), blue devices remain a short slab limiting the development of QLED based applications. For blue devices, a fundamental and key question—how the shell thickness affects the charge injection—remains unclear by far. Herein, we show a comprehensive investigation on the effect of shell thickness on the charge injection by employing blue CdxZn1−xSeyS1−y/ZnS core/shell QDs with various shell thicknesses as the emission layers. We demonstrate that, during the electroluminescence onset processes, the fast and slow components of the rising edges characterized by transient electroluminescence spectra are strongly associated with the electron and hole injection processes, respectively. We find that the shell thickness influences the injection of electrons more dramatically than that of holes. A thick shell suppresses the electron injection and consequently reaches a more balanced charge injection into QDs, hence leading to an enhanced efficiency.
Heat transport across graphene/hexagonal-BN tilted grain boundaries from phase-field crystal model and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Dong Haikuan , Hirvonen Petri , Fan Zheyong , Qian Ping , Su Yanjing , Ala-Nissila Tapio
Published: December 2021

We study the interfacial thermal conductance of grain boundaries (GBs) between monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets using a combined atomistic approach. First, realistic samples containing graphene/h-BN GBs with different tilt angles are generated using the phase-field crystal model developed recently [P. Hirvonen et al., Phys. Rev. B 100, 165412 (2019)] that captures slow diffusive relaxation inaccessible to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Then, large-scale MD simulations using the efficient GPUMD package are performed to assess heat transport and rectification properties across the GBs. We find that lattice mismatch between the graphene and h-BN sheets plays a less important role in determining the interfacial thermal conductance as compared to the tilt angle. In addition, we find no significant thermal rectification effects for these GBs.
Auto-focusing acoustic-vortex tweezers for obstacle-circumventing manipulation
Authors: Pu Shifu , Guo Gepu , Guo Xiasheng , Zhou Chenchen , Li Yuzhi , Ma Qingyu , Tu Juan , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2021

Contactless manipulation of hard-to-reach objects, especially those behind obstacles, is highly demanded in many applications. In this work, auto-focusing acoustic-vortex (A-FAV) tweezers are developed based on-axis-symmetrically arranged and azimuthally phase-coded Half-Bessel (HB) beams, which can self-bend themselves along an arc-shaped trajectory and, hence, circumvent obstacles that are located on the beam path. To build such tweezers, active phase control and passive binary phase modulation for a simplified ring-array of sectorial planar transducers are integrated to build A-FAV beams of arbitrary order. Both theoretical and experimental results prove that the zero-force of A-FAV tweezers enables the stable object manipulation at the focus with improved axial and radial resolutions. Benefiting from the non-diffracting self-bending of HB beams, the enclosed bullet-shaped cavity whose inside pressure is close-to-zero can be created around the beam axis, defining the upper size limit of obstacles that can be bypassed. Moreover, A-FAV beams are capable of self-healing even parts of the mainlobes that are blocked. More importantly, the A-FAV tweezer with an obstacle-circumvention cavity is easily adjustable, exhibiting prosperous perspectives in obstacle-avoidant ultrasound imaging, ultrasound therapy, acoustic levitation, and object manipulation.
Comparative study on atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jets driven by pulsed voltage with different polarity
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Jiao , Cong Shiyuan , Wang Dezhen
Published: December 2021

A 2D axisymmetric study of the atmospheric pressure plasma jets driven by a trapezoidal pulse voltage with different polarities is performed in this work. The basic properties of the plasma jet in three stages, including the first discharge, the secondary discharge, and the afterglow of the plasma jet, are studied, with emphasis on the influence of voltage polarity on the secondary discharge and the afterglow. For the positive pulse voltage, the plasma jet propagates in the form of a bullet during the first stage. At the falling edge of the pulse, a new ionization wave resulting from the secondary discharge is formed and propagates forward along the preceding jet path in a continuous mode, resulting in a mixing jet propagation mode with the primary bullet and the luminous channel coexist. The plasma jet is finally converted to the continuous mode at the afterglow stage. Meanwhile, the first bullet almost stops propagating after the secondary discharge is ignited due to the rapid reduction of the electric field in the bullet head. In contrast, in the case of negative pulse voltage, a diffusive arrow-like plasma plume is observed during the first stage. The secondary discharge ignition does not completely change the direction of the electric field in the first ionization head and inhibits the propagation of the primary plasma jet. The dominant physics mechanisms associated with these observations are analyzed and discussed. In addition, the dependence of the reactive species on the secondary discharge under different pulse polarities is also compared.
Large eddy simulation of cough jet dynamics, droplet transport, and inhalability over a ten minute exposure
Authors: Calmet Hadrien , Inthavong Kiao , Both Ambrus , Surapaneni Anurag , Mira Daniel , Egukitza Beatriz , Houzeaux Guillaume
Published: December 2021

High fidelity simulations of expiratory events such as coughing provide the opportunity to predict the fate of the droplets from the turbulent jet cloud produced from a cough. It is well established that droplets carrying infectious pathogens with diameters of 1–5 μm remain suspended in the air for several hours and transported by the air currents over considerable distances (e.g., in meters). This study used a highly resolved mesh to capture the multiphase turbulent buoyant cloud with suspended droplets produced by a cough. The cough droplets' dispersion was subjected to thermal gradients and evaporation and allowed to disperse between two humans standing 2 m apart. A nasal cavity anatomy was included inside the second human to determine the inhaled droplets. Three diameter ranges characterized the droplet cloud, <5 μm, which made up 93% of all droplets by number; 5 to 100 μm comprised 3%, and >100 μm comprising 4%. The results demonstrated the temporal evolution of the cough event, where a jet is first formed, followed by a thermally driven puff cloud with the latter primarily composed of droplets under 5 μm diameter, moving with a vortex string structure. After the initial cough, the data were interpolated onto a more coarse mesh to allow the simulation to cover ten minutes, equivalent to 150 breathing cycles. We observe that the critical diameter size susceptible to inhalation was 0.5 μm, although most inhaled droplets after 10 min by the second human were approximately 0.8 μm. These observations offer insight into the risk of airborne transmission and numerical metrics for modeling and risk assessment.
A stiffness degradation model of bolted joint based on fourth polynomial pressure distribution
Authors: Wang Sheng’ao , Zhu Min , Xu Zijian , Wu Fei , Li Biao , Shao Zhaoqun , Cao Hongjun
Published: December 2021

This paper proposed a new friction mechanical model based on the Coulomb friction law to describe the nonlinear stiffness degradation of bolted joints. Several different contact pressure distributions are analyzed, and the results show that the fourth polynomial distribution has a better effect on characterizing the contact pressure distribution of the bolted interface. Then, a new density function of friction shear stress is obtained through mathematical deduction. There is an interesting discovery that the new density function curve is similar to the truncated power-law spectrum curve. In addition, a method of parameter identification is proposed, and multiple sets of parameters are identified for the subsequent model verification. Finally, the correlation between the theoretical value and the experimental data under different pre-tightening forces is analyzed. The results show the accuracy improvement of the new model compared with the existing model. The new model has better mechanism rationality and can be applied to stiffness degradation analysis.
Numerical investigation of free oblique detonation wave induced by non-intrusive energy deposition
Authors: Zhang Wenshuo , Zhang Zijian , Jiang Zonglin , Han Xin , Liu Yunfeng , Wang Chun
Published: December 2021

To validate the concept of free oblique detonation waves (ODWs) induced by non-intrusive energy deposition applied in ODW engines (ODWEs), numerical simulations are performed by modeling the laser spark as a high-temperature and high-pressure zone embedding in the high-speed incoming flow and by solving the non-dimensional reactive Euler equations with one-step chemistry. The initiation process, flow structures, and self-adapted characteristics of such kinds of free ODWs in an open space are discussed with varying dimensionless source energy and inflow Mach number. The results show that free ODWs can be initiated successfully by local non-intrusive energy deposition. In particular, four ignition regimes, namely, the subcritical regime, the critical I regime, the critical II regime, and the supercritical regime, which are analogous to the one-dimensional direct initiation of detonation, are distinguished by varying the dimensionless source energy. However, the typical energy required by each ignition regime is higher than that in the one-dimensional case due to multi-dimensional energy transmission and instabilities. Moreover, the dimensionless source energy should be moderate to obtain a stable free ODW flow field because extremely low source energy leads to ignition failure, while extremely high source energy causes premature ignition. When the inflow Mach number varies, it is found that free ODWs can adjust automatically to a nearly Chapman–Jouguet state, indicating the self-sustaining nature of free detonation waves. Due to this feature, ODWE performance will be relatively stable despite the change in inflow Mach numbers if free ODWs are utilized in the combustor.
Vortex shedding suppression of vibrating square cylinder in mixed convection regime
Authors: Khan Mohammad Athar , Anwer Syed Fahad , Khan Saleem Anwar , Hasan Nadeem
Published: December 2021

In the present work, vortex shedding suppression of a vibrating square cylinder is numerically studied at Reynolds number, Re = 100, and Prandtl number, Pr = 7.1, in a mixed convection regime. Navier–Stokes equations with Boussinesq approximation are solved using a finite difference method by transforming it into a body-fitted coordinate system. The relationship between fluid flow and a vibrating square cylinder is captured using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler method. Numerical simulations are conducted for reduced velocities, Ured = 3–8 keeping the reduced mass (Mred) = 2 and damping coefficient, ξ′ = 0. The role of baroclinic vorticity is studied on the vortex shedding suppression for an elastically mounted free vibrating heated square cylinder. The critical Richardson number, Ric (Richardson number at which vortex shedding becomes suppressed) is determined by increasing the Richardson number (Ri) and observing the vortex shedding pattern. For every Ured = 3–8, a Ric is obtained. It is found that critical Richardson number (Ric) for the lock-in regime (Ured = 6) is 0.395 whereas for the initial branch (Ured = 3) and lower branch (Ured = 8) it is 0.17 and 0.18, respectively. Baroclinic vorticity generation for the lock-in regime, initial branch, and lower branch is also investigated comprehensively. The Ric for the initial and lower branch is close to Ric for the stationary cylinder. The Ric for the stationary cylinder (SC) is 0.165.
Extraction of dipolar coupling constants from low-frequency electrically detected magnetic resonance and near-zero field magnetoresistance spectra via least squares fitting to models developed from the stochastic quantum Liouville equation
Authors: Frantz Elias B. , Harmon Nicholas J. , Michalak David J. , Henry Eric M. , Flatté Michael E. , King Sean W. , Clarke James S. , Lenahan Patrick M.
Published: December 2021

We report low-frequency electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and near-zero field magnetoresistance (NZFMR) measurements observed through spin-dependent trap-assisted tunneling on unpassivated 28Si/28SiO2 metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors. This study both experimentally and theoretically explores the effects of the low-frequency EDMR response and the mechanisms responsible for spin-mixing, which leads to the NZFMR response in the absence of electron–nuclear hyperfine interactions. Previous reports that utilized high-frequency EDMR and NZFMR on these devices indicated that the observed trap-assisted tunneling spectra are dominated by silicon dangling bonds back bonded to silicon at the Si/SiO2 interface, Pb0 and Pb1 centers. These previous results also suggest that the rate limiting step in trap-assisted tunneling is the interface to an oxide trapping event. In this work, we extend the theory to show the explicit connection of the defects observed between the NZFMR response and the EDMR, which has not yet been demonstrated. We also extend a theoretical approach to the analysis of both the EDMR and NZFMR spectra and match the theory to experimental observations made in 28Si/28SiO2 MIS capacitors. The method utilizes a least squares fitting algorithm of models developed from the stochastic quantum Liouville equation. We find that we can extract a dipolar coupling constant by fitting both the NZFMR and EDMR spectra. Our experimental results and resulting fitted spectra from our quantitative model suggest the mechanism responsible for spin-mixing, which leads to the NZFMR response in the absence of electron–nuclear hyperfine interactions, is predominately magnetic dipolar interactions between Pb centers at the interface.
The surface hydrology of Antarctica’s floating ice
Authors: Buzzard Sammie
Published: December 2021

The frozen continent’s ice shelves are melting. Where is the water going, and what does it mean for the future?
Spontaneous seizure and memory loss in mice expressing an epileptic encephalopathy variant in the calmodulin-binding domain of K
v
7.2
Authors: Kim Eung Chang , Zhang Jiaren , Tang Andy Y. , Bolton Eric C. , Rhodes Justin S. , Christian-Hinman Catherine A. , Chung Hee Jung
Published: December 2021

Significance

Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a devastating neurologic disorder characterized by early-onset seizures with severe cognitive and psychomotor impairments. EE is associated with dominant mutations in the KCNQ2 gene which encodes the K
v
7.2 subunit of K
v
7 potassium channels. Previously, we reported that multiple EE mutations in the intracellular calmodulin-binding domain of K
v
7.2 decreased surface expression of axonal K
v
7 channels critical for suppressing neuronal excitability. Here, we generated conditional knockin mice carrying one of these mutations, M547V. These mice displayed spontaneous seizures, cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration, and reactive astrogliosis, implicating abnormal K
v
7 surface expression as a key etiology of
KCNQ2
-associated EE.
Requirement for an Otopetrin-like protein for acid taste in
Drosophila
Authors: Ganguly Anindya , Chandel Avinash , Turner Heather , Wang Shan , Liman Emily R. , Montell Craig
Published: December 2021

Significance

The taste of acids is critical for animal survival since it enables them to differentiate potentially dangerous from nutritious foods. Due to the general requirement for acid taste for survival, we tested the idea that the receptor mechanism functioning in acid taste may be evolutionarily conserved. Here, we demonstrate that mutation of a
Drosophila
gene,
Otopetrin-Like A
(
OtopLA
), encoding a protein distantly related to the recently identified mammalian acid taste receptor, OTOP1, is essential for both the strong repulsion to highly acidic food and mild attraction to low acidity. The mild attraction and strong aversion to acids requires expression of
OtopLA
in distinct taste neurons in the fly equivalent of the vertebrate tongue.
Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and update episodic memories
Authors: Sinclair Alyssa H. , Manalili Grace M. , Brunec Iva K. , Adcock R. Alison , Barense Morgan D.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Our brains draw on memories to predict the future; when our predictions are incorrect, we must update our memories to improve future predictions. Past studies have demonstrated that the hippocampus signals prediction error (i.e., surprise) but have not linked this neural signal to memory updating. Here, we uncover this missing connection. We show that mnemonic prediction errors change the role of the hippocampus, reversing the relationship between hippocampal activation and memory outcomes. We examine the mechanisms of this shift in neural processing, showing that prediction errors disrupt the temporal continuity of hippocampal patterns. We propose that prediction errors disrupt sustained representations and enable memory updating. Our findings bear implications for improving education, understanding eyewitness memory distortion, and treating pathological memories.
Form-function dialectics in the analysis of irony in political discourse
Authors: Morales-López Esperanza
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I analyze the construction of the trope of irony in a political interview, more specifically the interview with a Spanish politician on television in 2013. Its context is the emergence of the 15M, a citizen’s protest movement against the cuts imposed by the European Union and the Spanish Government. From a theoretical-methodological point of view, I adopt a holistic perspective, inspired by Halliday’s approach of jointly analysing the form-function relationship and White’s constructivism. I also review the different definitions and explanations of irony. After analysing the formal resources that construct irony, I give an account of the cognitive frameworks that are opposed in this discourse, and finally describe their narrative disposition and the communicative functions that those resources fulfill.
Pleistophora macrozoarcidis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W.
Published: December 2021

A description is provided for
Pleistophora macrozoarcidis
, the only microsporidian recorded from
Zoarces americanus
, the ocean pout, a North Atlantic fish of the order Perciformes. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada, Quebec, USA, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island)) and host (
Zoarces americanus
).
An accelerated majorization-minimization algorithm with convergence guarantee for non-Lipschitz wavelet synthesis model
*
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Wu Chunlin , Dong Qiaoli , Zhao Yufei
Published: December 2021

We consider a wavelet based image reconstruction model with the ℓ

p
(0 < p < 1) quasi-norm regularization, which is a non-convex and non-Lipschitz minimization problem. For solving this model, Figueiredo et al (2007 IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16 2980–2991) utilized the classical majorization-minimization framework and proposed the so-called Isoft algorithm. This algorithm is computationally efficient, but whether it converges or not has not been concluded yet. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to accelerate the Isoft algorithm, which is based on Nesterov’s extrapolation technique. Furthermore, a complete convergence analysis for the new algorithm is established. We prove that the whole sequence generated by this algorithm converges to a stationary point of the objective function. This convergence result contains the convergence of Isoft algorithm as a special case. Numerical experiments demonstrate good performance of our new algorithm.
Spontaneous decay-induced quantum dynamics in Rydberg-blockaded Λ-type atoms
Authors: Qiao Chang , Zhang Wenxian
Published: December 2021

Strongly Rydberg-blockaded two-level atoms form a Rydberg superatom which is excited only to a collective symmetrical Dicke state. However, emerging often in the alkali-earth atoms, spontaneous decay from the Rydberg state to an additional pooling state renders the ensemble no longer a closed superatom. Herein we present a computationally efficient model to characterize the interaction between a fully Rydberg-blockaded ensemble of N Λ-type three-level atoms and a strong probe light field in a coherent state. The model enables us to achieve a decomposition of the coupled dynamics in the strong field limit, which significantly reduces the complexity of computing the N-body system evolution and paves the way for practical analysis in experiments. A quasi-steady-state power spectrum with multiple sidebands is found in the scattered field. The relative heights of the sidebands show a time-dependence determined by the atomic relaxation, which illuminates potential applications of using the system in information transfer of quantum networks. With negligible dissipative flipping to the unsymmetrical states, the atomic relaxation time, indicating a linearly increasing pooling state fraction, is derived analytically as a function of the number of atoms.
Flexoelectric properties of multilayer two-dimensional material MoS2
Authors: Hirakata Hiroyuki , Fukuda Yasuyuki , Shimada Takahiro
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a high strength and flexibility along with unique electrical–mechanical multiphysics properties. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated the electromechanical response of a multilayer 2D material, 2H-phase MoS2, by using a piezoresponse force microscope. In particular, the dominant physical quantity of the deformation response was determined by independently controlling the electric field and electric field gradient by changing the probe shape and material thickness (number of layers). The multilayer MoS2 exhibited an out-of-plane electrical–mechanical deformation response that followed and was inverted with respect to positive and negative voltages, respectively. Moreover, the relationships between the electric field gradient and strain were similar for all shapes of the probe tip and film thickness values. This result indicated that the electrical–mechanical response of this material was dominated by the electric field gradient, and the strain could be attributed to the converse flexoelectric effect. The findings can provide guidance for the realization of ultrathin electromechanical devices.
Dynamical effective field model for interacting ferrofluids: I. Derivations for homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and polydisperse cases
Authors: Fang Angbo
Published: December 2021

Quite recently I have proposed a nonperturbative dynamical effective field model (DEFM) to quantitatively describe the dynamics of interacting ferrofluids. Its predictions compare very well with the results from Brownian dynamics simulations. In this paper I put the DEFM on firm theoretical ground by deriving it within the framework of dynamical density functional theory, taking into account nonadiabatic effects. The DEFM is generalized to inhomogeneous finite-size samples for which the macroscopic and mesoscopic scale separation is nontrivial due to the presence of long-range dipole–dipole interactions. The demagnetizing field naturally emerges from microscopic considerations and is consistently accounted for. The resulting mesoscopic dynamics only involves macroscopically local quantities such as local magnetization and Maxwell field. Nevertheless, the local demagnetizing field essentially couples to magnetization at distant macroscopic locations. Thus, a two-scale parallel algorithm, involving information transfer between different macroscopic locations, can be applied to fully solve the dynamics in an inhomogeneous sample. I also derive the DEFM for polydisperse ferrofluids, in which different species can be strongly coupled to each other dynamically. I discuss the underlying assumptions in obtaining a thermodynamically consistent polydisperse magnetization relaxation equation, which is of the same generic form as that for monodisperse ferrofluids. The theoretical advances presented in this paper are important for both qualitative understanding and quantitative modeling of the dynamics of ferrofluids and other dipolar systems.
Solution phase growth and analysis of super-thin zigzag tin selenide nanoribbons
Authors: Davitt Fionán , Rahme Kamil , Raha Sreyan , Garvey Shane , Roldan-Gutierrez Manuel , Singha Achintya , Chang Shery L Y , Biswas Subhajit , Holmes Justin D
Published: December 2021

Tin selenide (SnSe), a highly promising layered material, has been garnering particular interest in recent times due to its significant promise for future energy devices. Herein we report a simple solution-phase approach for growing highly crystalline layered SnSe nanoribbons. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a templating agent to selectively passivates the (100) and (001) facets of the SnSe nanoribbons resulting in the unique growth of nanoribbons along their b-axis with a defined zigzag edge state along the sidewalls. The SnSe nanoribbons are few layers thick (∼20 layers), with mean widths of ∼40 nm, and achievable length of >1 μm. Nanoribbons could be produced in relatively high quantities (>150 mg) in a single batch experiment. The PVP coating also offers some resistance to oxidation, with the removal of the PVP seen to lead to the formation of a SnSe/SnO
x
core-shell structure. The use of non-toxic PVP to replace toxic amines that are typically employed for other 1D forms of SnSe is a significant advantage for sustainable and environmentally friendly applications. Heat transport properties of the SnSe nanoribbons, derived from power-dependent Raman spectroscopy, demonstrate the potential of SnSe nanoribbons as thermoelectric material.
Corrigendum: Local well-posedness of the coupled Yang–Mills and Dirac system for low regularity data (2022 Nonlinearity

35 1)
Authors: Pecher Hartmut
Published: December 2021

An error in the proof of the main theorem is fixed.
Design, fabrication and testing of a coated conductor magnet for electrodynamic suspension
Authors: Ma Guangtong , Gong Tianyong , Wang Ruichen , Li Songlin , Nie Xingchao , Zhou Pengbo , Li Jing , Li Chao , Ge Zhengfu , Cui Hengbin
Published: December 2021

The coated conductor magnet, as the onboard magnet of the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) train, is deemed promising due to its relatively high operating temperature, low cooling cost, and good mechanical tolerance, making the liquid-helium-free high-temperature superconducting (HTS) EDS train possible. In order to promote the progress of the HTS EDS train, this work aims at designing, fabricating and testing a coated conductor magnet as the onboard magnet of EDS train. The HTS magnet is designed with the comprehensive considerations of the electromagnetic calculation, thermal–mechanical coupling analysis, as well as the heat load estimation. The magnet is conduction-cooled without any coolant. A radiation shield was used to reduce the heat leakage, enabling the cryogenic system to provide a better low-temperature environment for the magnet. Through a deliberate design, the magnet was fabricated, including two HTS coils and the tailored cryogenic system. Afterwards, the electromagnetic and thermal performances of this magnet were tested and analysed in detail. It was proven that the magnet can be cooled to below 15 K; besides, the magnet has been successfully charged to 240 A. Further increase in the current is possible because of the high safe margin of the critical currents for both the HTS magnet and its current lead, although a slight performance degradation was observed on two double-pancake coils inside the magnet. The present study will provide useful implications for the design and application of onboard HTS magnets in EDS train.
Characterization of electrostatically defined bottom-heated InAs nanowire quantum dot systems
Authors: Dorsch Sven , Fahlvik Sofia , Burke Adam
Published: December 2021

Conversion of temperature gradients to charge currents in quantum dot systems enables probing various concepts from highly efficient energy harvesting and fundamental thermodynamics to spectroscopic possibilities complementary to conventional bias device characterization. In this work, we present a proof-of-concept study of a device architecture where bottom-gates are capacitively coupled to an InAs nanowire and double function as local joule heaters. The device design combines the ability to heat locally at different locations on the device with the electrostatic definition of various quantum dot and barrier configurations. We demonstrate the versatility of this combined gating- and heating approach by studying, as a function of the heater location and bias, the Seebeck effect across the barrier-free nanowire, fit thermocurrents through quantum dots for thermometry and detect the phonon energy using a serial double quantum dot. The results indicate symmetric heating effects when the device is heated with different gates and we present detection schemes for the electronic and phononic heat transfer contribution across the nanowire. Based on this proof-of-principle work, we propose a variety of future experiments.
A pulse current generator for dense plasma focus
Authors: Xi H. , Liang C. , Zhang F.Q. , Li M.J. , Peng T.P.
Published: December 2021

A pulse current generator applied in a type of high-yield
intense pulsed neutron source, the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF), is
designed and developed in this paper. There are three key components
in this generator. Each group of capacitors and switches is
integrative to meet the DPF's requirements of low circuit
inductance. A coaxial multi-channel switch is developed to solve the
problems of the switch inductance, the jitter and the electrode
erosion. A kind of sectorial plate transmission line is adopted to
transfer the high pulse current from the capacitors to the DPF. The
following technical parameters of the generator were achieved on
dummy load: output current amplitude of ∼560 kA when primary
capacitors are charged with 22 kV.
Low cost equipment for astronomical spectroscopy
Authors: Odeh Mohammad Sh.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show how we can obtain
spectra for different astronomical objects using low coat
equipment. Where a high-efficiency diffraction grating named “The
Star Analyzer” was used by the International Astronomical Center
(IAC) in Abu Dhabi, UAE to get the spectrum of different
astronomical objects. Balmer series was readily visible when
observing an “A” type star. TiO absorptions lines were
distinguished by observing an “M” type star. Methane absorption
lines were visible by observing Uranus and Neptune. Whereas HI and
HeI emission lines were detected by observing a blue hypergiant. In
addition, C2 Swan band absorption lines were identified by observing
a red giant carbon star. This type of observation is very
interesting for public outreach as well as university students,
because it shows astrophysical principles for public and students
practically and by using low cost equipment.
Effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia
Authors: Busch Jonah , Amarjargal Oyut , Taheripour Farzad , Austin Kemen G , Siregar Rizki Nauli , Koenig Kellee , Hertel Thomas W
Published: December 2021

Demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation commodities are expanding as a climate policy, but their impact on reducing tropical deforestation and emissions has yet to be quantified. Here we model the effects of demand-side restrictions on high-deforestation palm oil in Europe on deforestation and emissions in Indonesia. We do so by integrating a model of global trade with a spatially explicit model of land-use change in Indonesia. We estimate a European ban on high-deforestation palm oil from 2000 to 2015 would have led to a 8.9% global price premium on low-deforestation palm oil, resulting in 21 374 ha yr−1 (1.60%) less deforestation and 21.1 million tCO2 yr−1 (1.91%) less emissions from deforestation in Indonesia relative to what occurred. A hypothetical Indonesia-wide carbon price would have achieved equivalent emission reductions at $0.81/tCO2. Impacts of a ban are small because: 52% of Europe’s imports of high-deforestation palm oil would have shifted to non-participating countries; the price elasticity of supply of high-deforestation oil palm cropland is small (0.13); and conversion to oil palm was responsible for only 32% of deforestation in Indonesia. If demand-side restrictions succeed in substantially reducing deforestation, it is likely to be through non-price pathways.
Rapidly changing high-latitude seasonality: implications for the 21st century carbon cycle in Alaska
Authors: Shirley Ian A , Mekonnen Zelalem A , Grant Robert F , Dafflon Baptiste , Hubbard Susan S , Riley William J
Published: December 2021

Seasonal variations in high-latitude terrestrial carbon (C) fluxes are predominantly driven by air temperature and radiation. At present, high-latitude net C uptake is largest during the summer. Recent observations and modeling studies have demonstrated that ongoing and projected climate change will increase plant productivity, microbial respiration, and growing season lengths at high-latitudes, but impacts on high-latitude C cycle seasonality (and potential feedbacks to the climate system) remain uncertain. Here we use ecosys, a well-tested and process-rich mechanistic ecosystem model that we evaluate further in this study, to explore how climate warming under an RCP8.5 scenario will shift C cycle seasonality in Alaska throughout the 21st century. The model successfully reproduced recently reported large high-latitude C losses during the fall and winter and yet still predicts a high-latitude C sink, pointing to a resolution of the current conflict between process-model and observation-based estimates of high-latitude C balance. We find that warming will result in surprisingly large changes in net ecosystem exchange (NEE; defined as negative for uptake) seasonality, with spring net C uptake overtaking summer net C uptake by year 2100. This shift is driven by a factor of 3 relaxation of spring temperature limitation to plant productivity that results in earlier C uptake and a corresponding increase in magnitude of spring NEE from −19 to −144 gC m−2 season−1 by the end of the century. Although a similar relaxation of temperature limitation will occur in the fall, radiation limitation during those months will limit increases in C fixation. Additionally, warmer soil temperatures and increased carbon inputs from plants lead to combined fall and winter C losses (163 gC m−2) that are larger than summer net uptake (123 gC m−2 season−1) by year 2100. However, this increase in microbial activity leads to more rapid N cycling and increased plant N uptake during the fall and winter months that supports large increases in spring NPP. Due to the large increases in spring net C uptake, the high-latitude atmospheric C sink is projected to sustain throughout this century. Our analysis disentangles the effects of key environmental drivers of high-latitude seasonal C balances as climate changes over the 21st century.
Constraints on pure point diffraction on aperiodic point patterns of finite local complexity*
Authors: Kalugin Pavel , Katz André
Published: December 2021

We consider the pure point part of the diffraction on families of aperiodic point sets obeying common local rules. It is shown that imposing such rules results in linear constraints on the partial diffraction amplitudes. These relations can be explicitly derived from the geometry of the prototile space representing the local rules.
The application of the latest territorial components for sustainable mobility in district cities
Authors: Jíšová J , Tichý T , Filip J , Navrátilová K , Thomayer L
Published: December 2021

The paper is focused on the application of new approaches of designs in distric cities like Klatovy. The main part is description of the latest approaches and urban teritorial solution. The emphasis is put on the traffic in city centers, latest trends in parking, implementation of toll or support of all the means, of transport to ensure sustainable mobility including technical trends in traffic. The intention is mainly focused on the implementation of C-ITS, public transport preferences or the introduction of new concepts such as Mobility Hub, which can ensure economic returns on investment and especially sustainable mobility in historic parts of smaller and medium-sized cities.
The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on water supplies and wastewater sewer system
Authors: Kyncl M , Drabinová S
Published: December 2021

Besides other issues, the global pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 also brought a number of water management questions which mainly concern the likelihood of virus spread through drinking water and possible contamination of wastewater. This paper reviews principal data on the virus and the recent course of the pandemics. It shows that there is no risk of the virus spread through drinking water and that drinking water disinfection is sufficiently effective. On the contrary, wastewater was observed for SARS CoV-2 RNA particles. As a result, a number of papers deal with research in the observation of the virus in wastewater, which may become an early-warning tool before an epidemic develops. The monitoring of the virus in wastewaters may also enable researchers to predict the course of Covid-19 illness rates in the future.
Review of the use of waste tires in concrete
Authors: Martauz P , Vaclavik V
Published: December 2021

The volume of tires at the end of their life cycle in the EU as well as worldwide has witnessed an increasing trend since 2013. This is the type of waste that is of great interest to scientists in Europe and in the whole world. This article presents the current methods of processing, recycling and disposal of tires at the end of their life cycle. The main attention is focused on the results of research and development, which dealt with the issue of the use of tires at the end of the life cycle in concrete. The building industry segment offers us great opportunities to use by-products in order to save natural resources of raw materials.
Contamination of the Burňa watercourse, by a dumps complex
Authors: Novakova J , Svehlakova H , Brodska A , Stalmachova B
Published: December 2021

This article dealing with the problematic contamination surface water in dumps complex and there were monitoring basic physical and chemical parameters, toxic and strategic metals. There were analysed inorganic ions NH4, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2 by standard laboratory analysis, and the elements Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni were measured by method ICP MS, and elements Zn, Fe, Mn, Na by method AAS. The case study of the contamination in the Burňa watercourse basin, in industrial landscape of the Ostrava city is unique in solving the problem of ecological burdens of the Ostrava city. One year of monitoring case study showed a significant load on the watercourse with the expected contamination especially by toxic metals. The surface water Burňa watercourse was affected by a dumps complex and their chemistry. The source of the contamination is the impact of former mining, in this post-mining landscape.