bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação básica, Biblioteca e Espírito científico: circunstâncias e oportunidades
Authors: Garcez Eliane Fioravante
Published: November 2015

Discorre sobre a escola e os reflexos das mudanças sociais nela e a partir dela. Aborda a questão da re-produção do conhecimento e sua repercussão no social. Sucintamente, apresenta dados sobre a avaliação do ensino brasileiro através do Censo Escolar de 2010 e do Relatório Pisa/OECD de 2009, estreitando a relação entre a Política Nacional de Educação e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento do país. Trata sobre a questão da pesquisa científica, a partir do seu nascedouro, a escola de Educação Básica. A prática de trabalhos-cópia tem revelado sério problema nesse ensino, que repercute nos demais níveis educacionais. Vislumbra a possibilidade de uma reorganização curricular onde o aluno tenha oportunidade de exercitar-se autor. Essa premissa atende as perspectivas da construção do conhecimento, do desenvolvimento da autonomia, e de se avançar em ciência e em tecnologia. Garantir recursos, pessoas qualificadas e um currículo que ilumine o caminho transcorrido pelo aluno durante as etapas da pesquisa escolar são entendidos como prioritários na construção do espírito científico a partir da Educação Básica.  Aborda a necessidade da ampliação de número de escolas com bibliotecas e laboratórios de ciências (química, física, biologia e matemática), e de profissionais qualificados para melhor orientar os alunos no uso desses recursos na escola.
O audiovisual como fonte de informação na escola: desafios para a media literacy
Authors: Cerigatto Mariana Pícaro , Casarin Helen De Castro Silva
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é explanar sobre as produções audiovisuais como fontes de informação e pesquisa nas bibliotecas escolares e recurso didático nas escolas. O texto discorre sobre a leitura audiovisual procedente tanto de mídias já conhecidas, como as mais tradicionais, e também discute brevemente fenômenos atuais que ocorrem com o audiovisual na internet. Ainda apresenta conceitos-chaves para o trabalho com a media literacy e a competência midiática, que dão bases para a leitura crítica de textos audiovisuais midiáticos. Discute-se também a necessidade de abandonar a visão de que as mídias audiovisuais estão corrompendo as mídias impressas, e que a televisão e o cinema, assim como a internet, são uma ameaça para o ambiente escolar. Fala-se da importância de reformular o papel da biblioteca, que precisa admitir outros meios de acesso à informação e agregá-los de forma mais consistente em seu ambiente. Espera-se, com este trabalho, que o professor possa ir além do uso ilustrativo da imagem e do audiovisual, que geralmente é o mais recorrente em sala de aula quando se utilizam esses meios.
A biblioteca escolar na pauta do Congresso Nacional
Authors: Araújo Francisco De Paula
Published: November 2015

Discorre sobre as leis discutidas, votadas ou por votar no contexto atual pelo Legislativo brasileiro acerca do tema da biblioteca escolar, com especial atenção para a Lei nº 12.244 de 2010 e os Projetos de Lei da Câmara nº 28 de 2012, que visa alterar a Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996 – LDB, e o de nº 6.038 de 2013, que busca regulamentar o exercício da atividade profissional de Técnico em Biblioteconomia. Evidencia os dilemas inerentes à regulamentação quando as condições não são favoráveis para tanto. Valeu-se para essa pesquisa das fontes de pesquisa legislativas oficiais, como os sites do Planalto, da Câmara e do Senado. Conclui-se pela emergência do reconhecimento da biblioteca escolar enquanto espaço indispensável para a democratização do conhecimento, ao mesmo tempo em que os esforços ainda parecem ser desconexos da realidade.
Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Blacks
Authors: O’Brien Emily C. , Greiner Melissa A. , Sims Mario , Hardy Natalie Chantelle , Wang Wei , Shahar Eyal , Hernandez Adrian F. , Curtis Lesley H.
Published: November 2015

Background—

Most studies of depression and cardiovascular risk have been conducted in white populations. We investigated this association in a community-based cohort of blacks.

Methods and Results—

We used data from the Jackson Heart Study to investigate associations of baseline depressive symptoms between 2000 and 2004 with incident stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) during 10 years. We used Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models to assess cardiovascular event risk using 3 exposure variables: any depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score ≥16); none (score <16), minor (score 16 to <21), and major depression (score≥21); and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score per 1-SD increase. Models were adjusted for a stroke or CHD risk score and behavioral risk factors. Of 3309 participants with no stroke history, 738 (22.3%) had baseline depressive symptoms. A similar proportion with no previous CHD had baseline depressive symptoms (21.8%). The unadjusted 10-year risk of stroke was similar among participants with any compared with no depressive symptoms (3.7% versus 2.6%;
P
=0.12). Unadjusted CHD rates were higher among participants with depressive symptoms (5.6% versus 3.6%;
P
=0.03), and differences persisted after adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors but not after adjustment for coping strategies. In adjusted models comparing major versus no depressive symptoms, patients with major depressive symptoms had a 2-fold greater hazard of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–3.71;
P
=0.04). In continuous models, a 1-SD increase in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was associated with a 30% increase in adjusted incident stroke risk (
P
=0.04). Similar associations were observed for incident CHD in models adjusted for clinical and behavioral risk factors, but associations were not significant after adjustment for coping strategies.

Conclusions—

In a community-based cohort of blacks, major depressive symptoms were associated with greater risks of incident stroke and CHD after adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors.
The Utility of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Patients With an Initial Nonshockable Rhythm
Authors: Perman Sarah M. , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Carr Brendan G. , Abella Benjamin S. , Gaieski David F.
Published: November 2015

Background—

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) attenuates reperfusion injury in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. The utility of TH in patients with nonshockable initial rhythms has not been widely accepted. We sought to determine whether TH improved neurological outcome and survival in postarrest patients with nonshockable rhythms.

Methods and Results—

We identified 519 patients after in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with nonshockable initial rhythms from the Penn Alliance for Therapeutic Hypothermia (PATH) registry between 2000 and 2013. Propensity score matching was used. Patient and arrest characteristics used to estimate the propensity to receive TH were age, sex, location of arrest, witnessed arrest, and duration of arrest. To determine the association between TH and outcomes, we created 2 multivariable logistic models controlling for confounders. Of 201 propensity score–matched pairs, mean age was 63±17 years, 51% were male, and 60% had an initial rhythm of pulseless electric activity. Survival to hospital discharge was greater in patients who received TH (17.6% versus 28.9%;
P
<0.01), as was a discharge Cerebral Performance Category of 1 to 2 (13.7% versus 21.4%;
P
=0.04). In adjusted analyses, patients who received TH were more likely to survive (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–4.7) and to have better neurological outcome (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–6.6) than those that did not receive TH.

Conclusions—

Using propensity score matching, we found that patients with nonshockable initial rhythms treated with TH had better survival and neurological outcome at hospital discharge than those who did not receive TH. Our findings further support the use of TH in patients with initial nonshockable arrest rhythms.
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Ding Ming , Satija Ambika , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Hu Yang , Sun Qi , Han Jiali , Lopez-Garcia Esther , Willett Walter , van Dam Rob M. , Hu Frank B.
Published: November 2015

Background—

The association between consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and risk of mortality remains inconclusive.

Methods and Results—

We examined the associations of consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee with risk of subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 74 890 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), 93 054 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II, and 40 557 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. During 4 690 072 person-years of follow-up, 19 524 women and 12 432 men died. Consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee were nonlinearly associated with mortality. Compared with nondrinkers, coffee consumption of 1 to 5 cups per day was associated with lower risk of mortality, whereas coffee consumption of more than 5 cups per day was not associated with risk of mortality. However, when restricting to never smokers compared with nondrinkers, the hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of mortality were 0.94 (0.89–0.99) for 1.0 or less cup per day, 0.92 (0.87–0.97) for 1.1 to 3.0 cups per day, 0.85 (0.79–0.92) for 3.1 to 5.0 cup per day, and 0.88 (0.78–0.99) for more than 5.0 cup per day (
P
value for nonlinearity = 0.32;
P
value for trend < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed for caffeinated (
P
value for trend < 0.001) and decaffeinated coffee (
P
value for trend = 0.022). Significant inverse associations were observed between coffee consumption and deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease, neurologic diseases, and suicide. No significant association between coffee consumption and total cancer mortality was found.

Conclusions—

Higher consumption of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, and decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of total mortality.
Extreme Air Pollution Conditions Adversely Affect Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Brook Robert D. , Sun Zhichao , Brook Jeffrey R. , Zhao Xiaoyi , Ruan Yanping , Yan Jianhua , Mukherjee Bhramar , Rao Xiaoquan , Duan Fengkui , Sun Lixian , Liang Ruijuan , Lian Hui , Zhang Shuyang , Fang Quan , Gu Dongfeng , Sun Qinghua , Fan Zhongjie , Rajagopalan Sanjay
Published: November 2015

Mounting evidence supports that fine particulate matter adversely affects cardiometabolic diseases particularly in susceptible individuals; however, health effects induced by the extreme concentrations within megacities in Asia are not well described. We enrolled 65 nonsmoking adults with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the Beijing metropolitan area into a panel study of 4 repeated visits across 4 seasons since 2012. Daily ambient fine particulate matter and personal black carbon levels ranged from 9.0 to 552.5 µg/m
3
and 0.2 to 24.5 µg/m
3
, respectively, with extreme levels observed during January 2013. Cumulative fine particulate matter exposure windows across the prior 1 to 7 days were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure elevations ranging from 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.3–3.7) to 2.7 (0.6–4.8) mm Hg per SD increase (67.2 µg/m
3
), whereas cumulative black carbon exposure during the previous 2 to 5 days were significantly associated with ranges in elevations in diastolic blood pressure from 1.3 (0.0–2.5) to 1.7 (0.3–3.2) mm Hg per SD increase (3.6 µg/m
3
). Both black carbon and fine particulate matter were significantly associated with worsening insulin resistance (0.18 [0.01–0.36] and 0.22 [0.04–0.39] unit increase per SD increase of personal-level black carbon and 0.18 [0.02–0.34] and 0.22 [0.08–0.36] unit increase per SD increase of ambient fine particulate matter on lag days 4 and 5). These results provide important global public health warnings that air pollution may pose a risk to cardiometabolic health even at the extremely high concentrations faced by billions of people in the developing world today.
Central Renin–Angiotensin System Activation and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet Sensitize Angiotensin II–Elicited Hypertension
Authors: Xue Baojian , Thunhorst Robert L. , Yu Yang , Guo Fang , Beltz Terry G. , Felder Robert B. , Johnson Alan Kim
Published: November 2015

Obesity has been shown to promote renin–angiotensin system activity and inflammation in the brain and to be accompanied by increased sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Our previous studies demonstrated that administration of a subpressor dose of angiotensin (Ang) II sensitizes subsequent Ang II–elicited hypertension. The present study tested whether high-fat diet (HFD) feeding also sensitizes the Ang II–elicited hypertensive response and whether HFD-induced sensitization is mediated by an increase in renin–angiotensin system activity and inflammatory mechanisms in the brain. HFD did not increase baseline blood pressure, but enhanced the hypertensive response to Ang II compared with a normal-fat diet. The sensitization produced by the HFD was abolished by concomitant central infusions of either a tumor necrosis factor-α synthesis inhibitor, pentoxifylline, an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, irbesartan, or an inhibitor of microglial activation, minocycline. Furthermore, central pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-α mimicked the sensitizing action of a central subpressor dose of Ang II, whereas central pentoxifylline or minocycline abolished this Ang II–induced sensitization. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of lamina terminalis tissue indicated that HFD feeding, central tumor necrosis factor-α, or a central subpressor dose of Ang II upregulated mRNA expression of several components of the renin–angiotensin system and proinflammatory cytokines, whereas inhibition of Ang II type 1 receptor and of inflammation reversed these changes. The results suggest that HFD-induced sensitization of Ang II–elicited hypertension is mediated by upregulation of the brain renin–angiotensin system and of central proinflammatory cytokines.
Cerebrovascular Damage Mediates Relations Between Aortic Stiffness and Memory
Authors: Cooper Leroy L. , Woodard Todd , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , van Buchem Mark A. , Torjesen Alyssa A. , Inker Lesley A. , Aspelund Thor , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Harris Tamara B. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Launer Lenore J. , Mitchell Gary F.
Published: November 2015

Aortic stiffness is associated with cognitive decline. Here, we examined the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and cognitive function and investigated whether cerebrovascular remodeling and parenchymal small vessel disease damage mediate the relation. Analyses were based on 1820 (60% women) participants in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for vascular and demographic confounders showed that higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was related to lower memory score (standardized
β
: −0.071±0.023;
P
=0.002). Cerebrovascular resistance and white matter hyperintensities were each associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and memory (
P
<0.05). Together, cerebrovascular resistance and white matter hyperintensities (total indirect effect: −0.029; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.017) attenuated the direct relation between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and memory (direct effect: −0.042; 95% CI, −0.087 to 0.003;
P
=0.07) and explained ≈41% of the observed effect. Our results suggest that in older adults, associations between aortic stiffness and memory are mediated by pathways that include cerebral microvascular remodeling and microvascular parenchymal damage.
Impact of Adiposity on Incident Hypertension Is Modified by Insulin Resistance in Adults
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Huijie , Li Shengxu , Li Ying , Liu Yaozhong , Fernandez Camilo , Harville Emily , Bazzano Lydia , He Jiang , Chen Wei
Published: November 2015

Adiposity and insulin resistance are closely associated with hypertension. This study aims to investigate whether the association between adiposity and hypertension is modified by insulin resistance. The cohort consisted of 1624 middle-aged normotensive black and white adults aged 18 to 43 years at baseline who followed for 16 years on average. Overweight/obesity at baseline was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25, and insulin resistance was measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Prevalence of incident hypertension was compared between the insulin-sensitive adiposity and insulin-resistant adiposity groups. The prevalence of incident hypertension was higher in the insulin-resistant adiposity than in the insulin-sensitive adiposity group (32.1% versus 22.1%,
P
<0.001). In multivariable logistic analyses, adjusted for baseline age, race, sex, follow-up years, and smoking, baseline insulin-resistant obesity was associated with incident hypertension (odds ratio, 1.9;
P
=0.008). Odds ratios did not differ between blacks and whites (
P
=0.238). Of note, the odds ratios of BMI associated with hypertension significantly increased with increasing quartiles of baseline homeostasis model assessment (odds ratio, 1.3, 1.1, 1.5, and 2.5 in quartiles I, II, III, and IV, respectively;
P
=0.006 for trend). Slopes of increasing follow-up blood pressure with baseline BMI, measured as regression coefficients (β), were significantly greater in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive individuals (β=0.74 versus β=0.35 for systolic blood pressure,
P
=0.004 for difference; β=0.51 versus β=0.23 for diastolic blood pressure,
P
=0.001 for difference). These findings suggest that insulin resistance has a synergistic effect on the obesity–hypertension association in young adults, indicating that the role of adiposity in the development of hypertension is modified by insulin resistance.
Saul the Levite and His Concubine: The “Allusive” Quality of Judges 19
Authors: Milstein Sara J.
Published: November 2015

It is without question that Judges 19 manifests an overt anti-Saul, pro-David bias, with a number of references (e.g., Gibeah; Bethlehem; Jebus; the dismembered concubine) that point clearly to each figure. At the same time, it features a handful of markers that elude easy explanation. These include the Levitical identity of the protagonist, the adulterous concubine, the reference to Ramah, the destination of “the House of Yahweh,” and the Ephraimite host. Rather than view these details as either secondary or unrelated to Saul, I propose that they also represent tools in service of the overarching anti-Saul polemic. More specifically, these markers reflect awareness of a Saul-based version of 1 Samuel 1-2. This proposal in turn sheds light on questions regarding the composition and transmission of a separate Saul complex.
Religion, Terrorism and Speech in a ‘Post-Charlie Hebdo’ World
Authors: Callamard Agnes
Published: November 2015

This article reviews the policy responses and the freedom of expression case law following the Charlie Hebdo attack. It unpacks the ‘Countering Violent Extremism’ frame-work from a freedom of expression standpoint and analyses court decisions related to glorification of terrorism and incitement to hatred with a particular focus on France and the United States as well as Russia, and Scandinavia. It shows the determination of governments to tackle the non-violent “ideological” bases of “terrorism”, and to treat religion as largely a public order issue. It concludes that in a post-Charlie Hebdo world, courts also have taken short cuts, instrumentalising not only speech to perceived higher needs, but judicial reasoning and practices as well.
The State of Publishing in East Africa
Authors: Kamau Kiarie
Published: November 2015

The main aim of this paper is to examine the state of publishing in East Africa. It also attempts to review the situation in Malawi and Zambia, where the author has had practical experience in publishing and marketing. The paper focuses on the growth of the publishing industry in the East African region and how this growth has impacted on access to textbooks and trade publications. It demonstrates that there has been significant growth in the industry, especially in Kenya and Uganda. However, this growth has largely been in the area of publishing of textbooks. Funding for the rollout of curricula in the East African countries has been a blessing to publishers because the funding includes allocations for textbook purchases for both primary and secondary schools. However, this kind of publishing has sounded something of a death knell for the publication of general books such as novels and biographies. The paper also demonstrates that indigenous book-publishing firms have gained a stronger foothold in East Africa in the last ten years and edged out the multinationals. It concludes by indicating that unless the publishing model changes, general publishing will continue to be relegated to the back-burner. At the same time, publishers are challenged to embrace digital publishing, since that is where the future of publishing lies.
The Admission of Foreign Investment under the TPP and RCEP
Authors: Kawharu Amokura
Published: November 2015

The loss of host state regulatory autonomy features prominently in current debates regarding the legitimacy of international investment law. Recent literature on the subject has tended to concentrate on the scope of post-admission investor protections such as fair and equitable treatment, while the regulatory implications of pre-admission obligations are sometimes overlooked. This article compares the likely obligations concerning the admission of foreign investment under two proposed mega-regional free trade agreements (FTAs), the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). It then considers the regulatory implications of the predicted obligations for New Zealand in light of the pressure that New Zealand is likely to face in the negotiations to agree to the treaty preferences of its negotiating counterparts. The article concludes that the TPP is likely to adopt a stronger investment liberalization model than the RCEP, and will also therefore present greater regulatory challenges.
With the Stroke of a Pen: Legal Standards for Adding Names to Government Kill Lists
Authors: Sampaio Alexandre Andrade , Vedovato Luís Renato
Published: November 2015

United States (us) government officials disclosed, in 2010, that Anwar Al-Aulaki, a dual us-Yemeni citizen alleged to be a leader of the terrorist group Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, had been added to a list of individuals that the Central Intelligence Agency (cia) and the Joint Special Operations Command (jsoc) were authorised to target for death. It is clear that the right to life is affected by targeted killing actions, as the objective of the practice is to kill the targeted individual. For such a practice to be lawful, it has to be considered non-arbitrary according to international standards. The two main instruments of universal scope that provide a legal protection for this right are the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The use of lethal force by a State would be legally justified by: (1) the carrying out of a lawfully imposed death penalty; (2) during an armed conflict, under international humanitarian law; and (3) if the force used was necessary, proportional and not the first option. This article examines the question of whether adding names to kill list remains legal under international human rights and humanitarian law, and if so, under what circumstances?
The Development of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Ssenyonjo Manisuli
Published: November 2015

During the last thirty years the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) has decided several communications on economic, social and cultural (esc) rights protected under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter). While the Commission was initially reluctant to develop the content of these rights, it has since 2001 been developing, at an expanding pace, the scope, content and nature of state obligations under African Charter to respect, protect and fulfil esc rights. This article seeks to provide a critical analysis of the burgeoning case law concerning the development of esc rights by the African Commission and the legal impact thus far it has had on the enjoyment of esc rights in Africa, encompassing rights of hitherto marginalised and excluded individuals and groups, a topic which is relatively given less attention in the existing literature. The article examines the legal bases and content of key communications decided by the African Commission. Conclusions are then drawn concerning the reasons for the development of esc rights obligations by the African Commission and areas of potential clarification and expansion are identified.
Eight new species, a new record, and redescription of the genus Discoxenus Wasmann, 1904: The first record of termitophilous rove beetles in Cambodia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: KANAO TAISUKE , MARUYAMA MUNETOSHI
Published: November 2015

As the first record of the Cambodian termitophilous rove beetles, eight new species of the genus Discoxenus Wasmann, 1904 (Aleocharini: Compactopediina) are described, along with a redescription of the genus. Discoxenus katayamai Kanao & Maruyama, 2010, which was originally known from Thailand, is newly recorded from Cambodia and redescribed. Discoxenus species are morphologically divided into two species groups, namely the latiabdominalis and the assmuthi. The latiabdominalis species group includes D. latiabdominalis n. sp. and D. cambodiensis n. sp., and both species are associated with Odontotermes maesodensis Ahmad, 1965. The assmuthi species group comprises 11 species: D. assmuthi Wasmann, 1904, D. lepisma Wasmann, 1904, D. indicus Kistner, 1982, D. malaysiensis Kistner, 1982, D. phourini n. sp., D. kohkongensis n. sp., D. hirsutus n. sp., D. minutus n. sp., D. lucidus n. sp., D. kakizoei n. sp., and D. katayamai. The members in the assmuthi species group are associated with Odontotermes or Hypotermes termites. One of the unique morphological features of the assmuthi species group is the strongly developed distal crest of the male aedeagal median lobe while that observed in the latiabdominalis species group is not produced, which is general character state in the tribe Aleocharini. The character state of distal crest and several other morphological features such as mouthparts are considered to support the monophyly of respective species groups in Discoxenus.
Revision of the genus Procoryphaeus Mazur, 1984 (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Exosternini)
Authors: LACKNER TOMÁŠ
Published: November 2015

The genus Procoryphaeus Mazur, 1984 is revised herein. It contains three species: Procoryphaeus violaceus (Lewis, 1905) from Thailand: Tenasserim Mountains; Malaysia: Borneo: Sabah; Indonesia: Java, Sumatra and Papua, Procoryphaeus pilosus (Lewis, 1893) from Tanimbar Island, Indonesia and Procoryphaeus wallacei (Marseul, 1864) from Indonesia: Papua. All type specimens are figured, and male genitalia of P. violaceus are drawn. Lectotypes of Pachycraerus (Coryphaeus) wallacei Marseul, 1864, Coryphaeus violaceus Lewis, 1905 and Coryphaeus pilosus Lewis, 1893 are designated. The exact identities of P. violaceus and P. wallacei species remain unclear since they are morphologically very similar and both respective type specimens are females. A key to species is given.
A Deeper Analysis of Center-Finding Techniques for Tropical Cyclones in Mesoscale Models. Part I: Low-Wavenumber Analysis
Authors: Ryglicki David R. , Hodyss Daniel
Published: November 2015

A deeper analysis of possible errors and inconsistencies in the analysis of vortex asymmetries owing to the placement of centers of tropical cyclones (TCs) in mesoscale models is presented. Previous works have established that components of the 2D and 3D structure of these TCs—primarily radial wind and vertical tilt—can vary greatly depending on how the center of a model TC is defined. This work will seek to expand the previous research on this topic, but only for the 2D structure. To be specific, this work will present how low-wavenumber azimuthal Fourier analyses can vary with center displacement using idealized, parametric TC-like vortices. It is shown that the errors associated with aliasing the mean are sensitive primarily to the difference between the peak of vorticity inside the radius of maximum winds and the average vorticity inside the core. Tangential wind and vorticity aliasing occur primarily in the core; radial wind aliasing spans the whole of the vortex. It is also shown that, when adding low-wavenumber asymmetries, the aliasing is dependent on the placement of the center relative to the location of the asymmetries on the vortex. It is also shown that the primary concern for 2D analysis when calculating the center of a TC is correctly resolving azimuthal wavenumber 0 tangential wind, because errors here will alias onto all higher wavenumbers, the specific structures of which are dependent on the structure of the mean vortex itself.
Composite Analysis of Long-Lived Mesoscale Vortices over the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Valley: Octant Features and Evolution Mechanisms
Authors: Fu Shen-Ming , Zhang Jing-Ping , Sun Jian-Hua , Zhao Tian-Bao
Published: November 2015

A 14-yr climatology is presented of the mesoscale vortices generated in the vicinity of the Dabie Mountains [Dabie vortices (DBVs)] in the Yangtze River valley. Analyzing these vortices using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), DBVs were found to be a frequent type of summer mesoscale weather system, with a mean monthly frequency of 12.2. DBVs were mainly located in the middle and lower troposphere, and ~92% of them triggered precipitation. Most DBVs were short lived, and only 19.5% persisted for more than 12 h. Latent heat release associated with precipitation is a dominant factor for the DBV’s three-dimensional geometry features, life span, and intensity.

The long-lived DBVs, all of which triggered torrential rainfall, were analyzed using a composite analysis under the normalized polar coordinates. Results indicate that these vortices generally moved eastward and northeastward, which corresponded to the vortices’ orientation, divergence, vorticity budget, and kinetic energy budget. The evolution of long-lived DBVs featured significant unevenness: those octants located at the front and on the right side of the vortices’ moving tracks were more favorable for their development and maintenance, while those octants located at the back and on the left side acted conversely. Convergence-related shrinking was the most favorable factor for the vortices’ development and persistence, while the tilting effect was a dominant factor accounting for their attenuation. Long-lived DBVs featured strong baroclinity, and the baroclinic energy conversion acted as the main energy source for the vortices’ evolution. In contrast, the barotropic energy conversion favored the vortices’ development and maintenance at first, and later triggered their dissipation.
The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Delworth Thomas L. , Zeng Fanrong
Published: November 2015

The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and large-scale climate is assessed using simulations with three different climate models. Perturbation experiments are conducted in which a pattern of anomalous heat flux corresponding to the NAO is added to the model ocean. Differences between the perturbation experiments and a control illustrate how the model ocean and climate system respond to the NAO. A positive phase of the NAO strengthens the AMOC by extracting heat from the subpolar gyre, thereby increasing deep-water formation, horizontal density gradients, and the AMOC. The flux forcings have the spatial structure of the observed NAO, but the amplitude of the forcing varies in time with distinct periods varying from 2 to 100 yr. The response of the AMOC to NAO variations is small at short time scales but increases up to the dominant time scale of internal AMOC variability (20–30 yr for the models used). The amplitude of the AMOC response, as well as associated oceanic heat transport, is approximately constant as the time scale of the forcing is increased further. In contrast, the response of other properties, such as hemispheric temperature or Arctic sea ice, continues to increase as the time scale of the forcing becomes progressively longer. The larger response is associated with the time integral of the anomalous oceanic heat transport at longer time scales, combined with an increased impact of radiative feedback processes. It is shown that NAO fluctuations, similar in amplitude to those observed over the last century, can modulate hemispheric temperature by several tenths of a degree.
Coresidential Father Transitions and Biological Parents’ Coparenting Quality in Early and Middle Childhood
Authors: Martin Anne , Ryan Rebecca M. , Riina Elizabeth M. , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne
Published: November 2015

This study examined how the entrances and exits of biological and social fathers into and out of children’s households were associated with biological parents’ coparenting quality. Piecewise growth curve models tested for variation in these associations between child ages 1 and 3, 3 and 5, and 5 and 9. Data came from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( n = 2,394). Results indicated that in all three age intervals, a biological father’s entrance was associated with a contemporaneous increase in coparenting quality, whereas his exit was associated with a contemporaneous decrease. A biological father’s exit between child ages 1 and 3, or 3 and 5, was associated with declining coparenting quality in subsequent intervals. A social father’s entrance was consistently associated with a contemporaneous decrease in the biological parents’ coparenting quality, whereas his exit was associated with a contemporaneous increase between ages 3 and 5, and 5 and 9.
Relationships Among Perceived Wellness Culture, Healthy Lifestyle Beliefs, and Healthy Behaviors in University Faculty and Staff
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Amaya Megan , Szalacha Laura A. , Hoying Jacqueline
Published: November 2015

Identifying key factors influencing healthy lifestyle behaviors in university faculty and staff is critical in designing interventions to improve health outcomes and reduce health care costs. A descriptive study was conducted with 3,959 faculty and staff at a Midwestern, U.S. University. Key measures included perceived worksite culture, healthy lifestyle beliefs, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. Healthy lifestyle beliefs were strongly positively associated with healthy lifestyle behaviors. Regression analyses demonstrated positive healthy lifestyle behaviors based upon sex (female, Std. β = .068, p < .001) and role (faculty, Std. β = .059, p < .001) and a negative effect of race (African Americans, Std. β = −.059, p < .001). The positive effect of perceived wellness culture on healthy lifestyle behaviors was completely mediated by healthy lifestyle beliefs. Interventions to enhance perceived wellness culture and healthy lifestyle beliefs should result in healthier behaviors and improved health outcomes.
Increased Surgical Site Infection Rates following Clindamycin Use in Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Pool Christopher , Kass Jason , Spivack John , Nahumi Nadav , Khan Mohemmed , Babus Lenard , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A.
Published: November 2015

Objective

The development of surgical site infections (SSIs) can put the viability of free tissue transfer reconstructions at risk, often resulting in considerable postoperative morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Current antibiotic prophylactic guidelines suggest a first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporin with metronidazole for clean‐contaminated cases and recommend clindamycin as an alternative choice in penicillin‐allergic patients. This study was designed to examine the rates of postoperative infection associated with prophylactic antibiotic regimens, including patients receiving clindamycin as an alternative due to penicillin allergy.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects

Patients undergoing major ablative head and neck resection involving the pharynx and oral cavity reconstructed via free tissue transfer.

Methods

The sample included patients (n = 266) who underwent free tissue transfer involving the oral cavity and pharynx from 2009 to 2014. Data included demographic data, medical comorbidities, anatomic tumor subsite and surgical procedure, and prophylactic antibiotic regimen. SSI data were examined up to 30 days after the initial surgical procedure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the overall risk for SSI. Culture data were also reviewed.

Results

The data indicated that clindamycin was associated with an approximate 4‐fold increased risk for SSI (odds ratio, 3.784; 95% confidence interval: 1.367‐10.470 [P=. 010]) after controlling for possible confounding factors.

Conclusion

For patients with a true penicillin allergy, we recommend broader gram‐negative coverage with alternative antibiotics, such as cefuroxime, when undergoing free tissue transfer in the head and neck.
Learning to listen: how collaborative dialogue in regulation influences landowner adoption of best management practices on unregulated lands
Authors: Gianotti Anne G Short , Duane Timothy P
Published: November 2015

The emergence of new environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) has launched a debate about the continued relevance of traditional regulatory approaches. Previous research examining the relationship of regulations and NEPIs has shown that regulations can compel engagement with voluntary approaches. In this paper, we demonstrate that the linkages between regulation and voluntary approaches need not be coercive. Through a study of sediment pollution in northern California, we show that regulatory processes have facilitated learning and motivated landowners to undertake voluntary actions. We suggest three elements that are fundamental to the success of this process: (a) the voluntary action must benefit the landowner, (b) resources must be available to reduce the implementation burden, and (c) the regulatory process must involve open and respectful communication between the landowner and the regulator. While not a panacea, this process of regulatory spillover offers a promising pathway for extending the reach of existing regulations.
Measuring to manage: Reconfiguring people–water relations through water measurement standards and technologies in New Zealand
Authors: Myles Fiona , Duncan Ronlyn , Brower Ann
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a water management case study from New Zealand's South Island region of Canterbury. It examines how the introduction of standards and technologies to measure, monitor and manage the use of groundwater for agriculture has made visible new identities for farmers, not just water use. It finds that recently introduced measurement regulations have allowed farmers to confidently constitute themselves as rule followers and environmental protectors. Using a co-production analytical framework, this article illustrates how measurement standards have reconfigured the relations between people and water. Farmers subject to the new measurement practices and technologies have enrolled these technologies to contest dominant narratives and identities, such as rule breakers and resource squanderers, and deploy counter configurations in contests over resource allocation. In other words, this paper finds that standards can create new forms of political agency for the measured, not just the measurers.
The London living wage and in-work poverty reduction: Impacts on employers and workers
Authors: Linneker Brian , Wills Jane
Published: November 2015

In the UK, a campaign for the living wage has emerged as a civil society initiative to reduce in-work poverty. This article reports empirical evidence from a study of employers adopting the London Living Wage and the benefits from this intervention, as reported by their workers. Implementation strategies to cover higher wage costs varied, from clients meeting full costs, to reduced employer profit, to reductions in hours and employment. There were strong substitution effects from low to higher qualified workers. The evidence suggests that while there were worker benefits from the living wage, they were not automatic, as higher wage rates did not necessarily translate into higher incomes due to variations in hours of work. Workers reported more in-work benefits, than family or financial benefits. In-work poverty reduction was limited by large concentrations of part-time living wage jobs with few hours, small income increases and the rising costs of living.
“I like reggae and Bob Marley is already dead”: An empirical study on music-related argumentation
Authors: Knörzer Lisa , Stark Robin , Park Babette , Rolle Christian
Published: November 2015

This study investigates music-related argumentation in different music genres (rock/pop versus classical music) applying a mixed-methods design with three groups (referred to as novices, semi-experts and experts). Participants were asked to compare two versions of a musical piece and justify their preference in individually written argumentation. Arguments were coded by applying a category system with four main categories, namely, attributes of the musical piece, subjective dimensions, context-specific background knowledge and media-related dimensions. Results of quantitative analyses showed that experts formulated longer arguments, referring to more different categories and mentioning more aspects within these categories. Further, a larger proportion of the experts’ arguments referred to context-specific background knowledge and attributes of the musical piece, whereas semi-experts’ and novices’ argumentation consisted to a larger extent of subjective dimensions. For all analyses, there were no differences concerning the two different music genres. A discriminant analysis showed that the participants’ ascribed level of expertise was correctly predicted on the basis of their argumentation in 97.3% of the cases. Therefore, the category system provides an effective instrument for representing and evaluating music-related argumentation. Our findings illustrate quantitative and qualitative differences between arguments and build a starting point for developing innovative intervention approaches for fostering music-related argumentation.
Bone Marrow Concentrate Improves Early Cartilage Phase Maturation of a Scaffold Plug in the Knee
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Farshad-Amacker Nadja A. , Jones Kristofer J. , Maak Travis G. , Potter Hollis G. , Williams Riley J.
Published: November 2015

Background:

Limited information exists on the clinical use of a synthetic osteochondral scaffold plug for cartilage restoration in the knee.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance, including quantitative T2 values, between cartilage defects treated with a scaffold versus a scaffold with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). The hypothesis was that the addition of PRP or BMAC would result in an improved cartilage appearance.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Forty-six patients with full-thickness cartilage defects of the femur were surgically treated with a control scaffold (n = 11), scaffold with PRP (n = 23), or scaffold with BMAC (n = 12) and were followed prospectively. Patients underwent MRI with a qualitative assessment and quantitative T2 mapping at 12 months after surgery. An image assessment was performed retrospectively by a blinded musculoskeletal radiologist. The cartilage phase was measured by cartilage fill and quantitative T2 values on MRI. A comparison between groups after cartilage repair was performed.

Results:

The control scaffold group consisted of 8 male and 3 female patients (mean age, 38 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 25 kg/m2), the PRP group had 15 male and 8 female patients (mean age, 39 years; mean BMI, 26 kg/m2), and the BMAC group consisted of 8 male and 4 female patients (mean age, 36 years; mean BMI, 26 kg/m2). The PRP-treated ( P = .002) and BMAC-treated ( P = .03) scaffolds had superior cartilage fill compared with the control group. With quantitative methods, the PRP group demonstrated a mean T2 value (49.1 ms) that was similar to that of the control scaffold group (42.7 ms; P = .07), but the BMAC group demonstrated a mean T2 value (60.5 ms) closer to that of superficial hyaline cartilage ( P = .01). The stratification of T2 values between the deep and superficial zones was not observed in any of the groups.

Conclusion:

In this comparative study, patients treated with scaffold implantation augmented with BMAC had improved cartilage maturation with greater fill and mean T2 values closer to that of superficial native hyaline cartilage at 12 months. Further work will determine if this translates into improved clinical outcomes.
Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance
Authors: Manzotti G , Breda D , Di Gioacchino M , Burastero SE
Published: November 2015

Introduction:

Intolerance to various foods, excluding bona fide coeliac disease and lactose intolerance, represents a growing cause of patient visits to allergy clinics. Histamine intolerance is a long-known, multifaceted clinical condition triggered by histamine-rich foods and alcohol and/or by drugs that liberate histamine or block diamine oxidase (DAO), the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of ingested histamine. Histamine limitation diets impose complex, non-standardized restrictions that may severely impact the quality of life of patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 14 patients who visited allergy outpatient facilities in northern Italy with a negative diagnosis for IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity, coeliac disease, conditions related to gastric hypersecretion, and systemic nickel hypersensitivity, and who previously underwent a histamine limitation diet with benefits for their main symptoms. Serum diamine oxidase levels and the clinical response to diamine oxidase supplementation were investigated.

Results:

We found that 10 out of 14 patients had serum DAO activity <10 U/mL, which was the threshold suggested as a cutoff for probable histamine intolerance. Moreover, 13 out of 14 patients subjectively reported a benefit in at least one of the disturbances related to food intolerances following diamine oxidase supplementation. The mean value (± SD) of diamine oxidase activity in the cohort of patients with histamine intolerance symptoms was 7.04 ± 6.90 U/mL compared to 39.50 ± 18.16 U/mL in 34 healthy controls ( P = 0.0031).

Conclusion:

In patients with symptoms triggered by histamine-rich food, measuring the serum diamine oxidase activity can help identify subjects who can benefit from a histamine limitation diet and/or diamine oxidase supplementation. Properly designed, controlled studies investigating histamine intolerance that include histamine provocation are indispensable for providing insights into the area of food intolerances, which are currently primarily managed with non-scientific approaches in Italy.