bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiment and Numerical Study on the Dynamic Response of Foam Sandwich Panels under the Near-Field Blast Loading
Authors: Xu Pengzhao , Zhao Ning , Shi Kunlin , Zhang Bao
Published: October 2023

Aiming at the problem that the blast load, generated by the explosion of the tandem-shaped-charge warhead, may cause damage to the warhead structure, material failure and even phase change, the material damage and structural protective capacity of the near-field blast load on the sandwich structure with foam-aluminum core were investigated by experimental test and numerical simulation. Firstly, the near-field blast test was performed to observe the deformation of sandwich structure and to collect the acceleration signals of fuze. Then, the mechanical properties of foam materials were tested, and a numerical model of blast load environment was established in the explicit dynamics software ANSYS/LS–DYNA 2020 R2. Finally, the experimental test data and simulation results were compared and analyzed. The strong agreement between the experiment and the simulation results indicates that the calculation method and simulation model are reasonable. Furthermore, the damage mode of foam-aluminum core materials with different densities and cell diameters under near-field blast load were carefully analyzed by simulation method. The simulation results show that, with the decrease of the density of foam-aluminum material and the increase of the cell chamber diameter, the deformation of the foam-aluminum panel gradually increases; the acceleration peak value of the fuze gradually decreases, and the pulse width barely changes and remains basically constant; the start and end times of the peak stress of the fuze cover gradually lag behind, and the peak stress hold-up time increases gradually; the maximum displacement deformation of the fuze cover decreases firstly and then increases. This work is expected to provide basic data and design guidelines for the graded foam sandwich panels of the blasting warhead fuze against the near-field blast load.
Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Zieniuk Bartłomiej , Pawełkowicz Magdalena
Published: October 2023

Cucurbitacins are tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae family. These bitter-tasting compounds act primarily as defense mechanisms against external injuries, and thus against herbivores, and furthermore, they have also found use in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Many studies have acknowledged significant biological activities of cucurbitacins, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antimicrobial properties, or antitumor potential. Overall, cucurbitacins have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity of varied cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins offer a promising avenue for future cancer treatment strategies, and their diverse mechanisms of action make them attractive candidates for further investigation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the chemical diversity of this group of compounds by providing the sources of origin of selected compounds and their chemical structure, as well as insight into their anticancer potential. In addition, within this paper molecular targets for cucurbitacins and signalling pathways important for cancer cell proliferation and/or survival that are affected by the described class of compounds have been presented.
Effects of Origanum majorana on Breast Cancer Cells: An Alternative to Chemotherapy?
Authors: Sanders Zoe , Moffitt Bridgette A. , Treaster Madeleine , Larkins Ashley , Khulordava Nicholas , Benjock Jennifer , Spencer Jillian , Henrie Krista , Wurst Matthew J. , Broom Abigail , Tamez Noah , DeRosa Gianna , Campbell McKenzie , Keller Elizabeth , Powell Addison , Weinbrenner Donna , Abenavoli Ludovico , Edenfield W. Jeffery , Chung Ki , Boccuto Luigi , Ivankovic Diana
Published: October 2023

Recent studies have reported several beneficial effects of natural compounds on cancerous cells, highlighting their use for future treatments. These preliminary findings have encouraged experiments with natural substances, such as plant extracts, to examine both cytotoxic and mitogenic effects and find alternative treatments for diseases such as breast cancer. This study examines the effects of microwave-assisted and ethanol maceration of marjoram (Origanum majorana) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and normal breast tissue cell lines used as controls. Marjoram extracts displayed a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell lines and a mitogenic effect on the control cell lines at the MTS test. The metabolic profiles of MCF-7 and control cell lines were also assessed using the Biolog Phenotype Mammalian Metabolic (PM-M) platform and revealed statistically significant differences in the utilization of energy sources, metabolic activity in the presence of certain ionic species, and responses to metabolic effectors, such as stimulant/catabolic compounds and steroid hormones. Exposure to marjoram extracts exerted positive effects on the MCF-7 cells on the abnormal utilization of energy sources and the responses to metabolic effectors, while no major effects were detected on control cells. These effects were compared to the metabolic impact of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which showed profound cytotoxic effects on both cancerous and normal breast cells. In conclusion, our in vitro evidence indicates that marjoram extracts are a promising alternative to chemotherapy in breast cancer since they can successfully eliminate cancerous cells by affecting their metabolic capacity to proliferate without inducing noticeable adverse effects on normal breast tissue.
The Sterol Transporter Npc2c Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Mitosis and Host–Microbiome Interactions in Drosophila
Authors: Neophytou Constantina , Soteriou Euripides , Pitsouli Chrysoula
Published: October 2023

Cholesterol is necessary for all cells to function. The intracellular cholesterol transporters Npc1 and Npc2 control sterol trafficking and their malfunction leads to Neimann–Pick Type C disease, a rare disorder affecting the nervous system and the intestine. Unlike humans that encode single Npc1 and Npc2 transporters, flies encompass two Npc1 (Npc1a-1b) and eight Npc2 (Npc2a-2h) members, and most of the Npc2 family genes remain unexplored. Here, we focus on the intestinal function of Npc2c in the adult. We find that Npc2c is necessary for intestinal stem cell (ISC) mitosis, maintenance of the ISC lineage, survival upon pathogenic infection, as well as tumor growth. Impaired mitosis of Npc2c-silenced midguts is accompanied by reduced expression of Cyclin genes, and genes encoding ISC regulators, such as Delta, unpaired1 and Socs36E. ISC-specific Npc2c silencing induces Attacin-A expression, a phenotype reminiscent of Gram-negative bacteria overabundance. Metagenomic analysis of Npc2c-depleted midguts indicates intestinal dysbiosis, whereby decreased commensal complexity is accompanied by increased gamma-proteobacteria. ISC-specific Npc2c silencing also results in increased cholesterol aggregation. Interestingly, administration of the non-steroidal ecdysone receptor agonist, RH5849, rescues mitosis of Npc2c-silenced midguts and increases expression of the ecdysone response gene Broad, underscoring the role of Npc2c and sterols in ecdysone signaling. Assessment of additional Npc2 family members indicates potential redundant roles with Npc2c in ISC control and response to ecdysone signaling. Our results highlight a previously unidentified essential role of Npc2c in ISC mitosis, as well as an important role in ecdysone signaling and microbiome composition in the Drosophila midgut.
Spectral Failsafe System of High-Power Laser Using Dual Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Zong Zhaoyu , Tian Xiaocheng , Fan Mengqiu , Zhou Dandan , Zhang Rui , Zhao Junpu , Zheng Wanguo , Xu Dangpeng
Published: October 2023

Phase-modulated (PM) spectral failsafe systems are necessary to promptly terminate amplification processes following accidental seeding of a high-power laser chain with a non-PM pulse to prevent optical damage. In this work, we present a reliable spectral failsafe system that can indicate the presence or absence of sufficient PM light. This requirement is met by combining dual temperature-sensitive fiber Bragg gratings detection with high-speed RF amplitude comparisons. The failsafe trigger signal is generated when the spectral power at the peak sideband exceeds that at the center. The spectral failsafe system has the ability to distinguish between adequate and inadequate PM pulses, and it exhibits significant robustness in pulse width, TEC temperature drift, and DFB wavelength drift in experiments, making it valuable for safe high-power laser operations and providing a useful reference for other detection system designs.
Protein-Based Anchoring Methods for Nucleic Acid Detection in Lateral Flow Format Assays
Authors: Hallerbach Kira , Khederlou Khadijeh , Wentland Lael , Senten Lana , Brentano Steven , Keefe Brian , Fu Elain
Published: October 2023

The use of lateral flow assays to detect nucleic acid targets has many applications including point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. A sandwich format, similar to that in protein immunoassays, is often used to capture the target nucleic acid sequence with an immobilized complementary strand anchored to a substrate, and then to visualize this event using a complementary label nucleic acid bound to a nanoparticle label. A critical component of high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection is to utilize high-density capture surfaces for the effective capture of target nucleic acid. Multiple methods have been reported, including the use of streptavidin-based protein anchors that can be adsorbed to the lateral flow substrate and that can utilize the high-affinity streptavidin–biotin linkage to bind biotinylated nucleic acid capture sequences for subsequent target nucleic acid binding. However, these protein anchors have not been systematically characterized for use in the context of nucleic acid detection. In this work, we characterize several protein-based anchors on nitrocellulose for (i) capturing the robustness of the attachment of the protein anchor, (ii) capturing nucleic acid density, and (iii) targeting nucleic acid capture. Further, we demonstrate the signal gains in target nucleic acid hybridization made by increasing the density of capture nucleic acid on a nitrocellulose substrate using multiple applications of protein loading onto nitrocellulose. Finally, we use our high-density capture surfaces to demonstrate high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection in a lateral flow assay (in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 sequence), achieving a LOD of approximately 0.2 nM.
Serum Level of Ceruloplasmin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Transferrin as Markers of Severity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Reștea Patricia-Andrada , Țigan Ștefan , Vicaș Laura Grațiela , Fritea Luminița , Marian Eleonora , Jurca Tunde , Pallag Annamaria , Mureșan Iulius Liviu , Moisa Corina , Micle Otilia , Mureșan Mariana Eugenia
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze other possible new markers of severity, at hospital admission, that can be assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and a SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. Our study included 90 subjects: 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 45 healthy persons as controls. The serum level of ceruloplasmin at hospital admission was statistically significant and directly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) (p = 0.037) and with the serum level of IL-6 (interleukin 6) (p = 0.0001). Ceruloplasmin was statistically significant and inversely correlated with the serum iron level (p = 0.0001). However, we observed that ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) decreased in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.001). Moreover, the decrease in ACE levels was correlated with an increase in IL-6 levels in these patients (p = 0.001). IL-6 increases were statistically significant and inversely correlated with serum iron, transferrin, and ACE levels. There was a noticed decreasing tendency of the transferrin depending on the severity of the COVID-19 infection (p = 0.0001). In addition to the known severity factors in the context of infection with the new coronavirus, increased concentrations of ceruloplasmin and decreased concentrations of ACE and transferrin may represent new markers of COVID-19 severity in patients with type 2 diabetes. These parameters, if analyzed upon admission to the hospital, could better inform health professionals about the evolution towards more severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
A Pipeline for Constructing Reference Genomes for Large Cohort-Specific Metagenome Compression
Authors: Wang Linqi , Ding Renpeng , He Shixu , Wang Qinyu , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2023

Metagenomic data compression is very important as metagenomic projects are facing the challenges of larger data volumes per sample and more samples nowadays. Reference-based compression is a promising method to obtain a high compression ratio. However, existing microbial reference genome databases are not suitable to be directly used as references for compression due to their large size and redundancy, and different metagenomic cohorts often have various microbial compositions. We present a novel pipeline that generated simplified and tailored reference genomes for large metagenomic cohorts, enabling the reference-based compression of metagenomic data. We constructed customized reference genomes, ranging from 2.4 to 3.9 GB, for 29 real metagenomic datasets and evaluated their compression performance. Reference-based compression achieved an impressive compression ratio of over 20 for human whole-genome data and up to 33.8 for all samples, demonstrating a remarkable 4.5 times improvement than the standard Gzip compression. Our method provides new insights into reference-based metagenomic data compression and has a broad application potential for faster and cheaper data transfer, storage, and analysis.
The Molecular Genetic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Obtained from Clinical Isolates in Central Panama
Authors: Núñez-Samudio Virginia , Herrera Mellissa , Herrera Genarino , Pimentel-Peralta Gumercindo , Landires Iván
Published: October 2023

We aim to analyze Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in central Panama, characterize the associated gonococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and conduct molecular epidemiology and genetic typing. We conducted a retrospective study based on N. gonorrhoeae hospital isolates collected between 2013 and 2018. AMR was determined using dilution agar and Etest®. Molecular typing was conducted using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (ST) scheme. The isolates analyzed (n = 30) showed resistance to penicillin (38%), tetracycline (40%), and ciprofloxacin (30%), and sensitivity to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin. We identified 11 STs, the most frequent of which was ST1901 among the strains with decreased sensitivity and resistance to three types of antibiotics. We identified eight variations for the penA gene, all non-mosaic, with type II LVG as the most frequent (50%). To the best of our knowledge, we conducted the first Central American genomic study that analyzes a collection of gonococcal isolates, which represents a benchmark for future epidemiological and molecular genetic studies. The high prevalence of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance, in addition to the identification of the worldwide spread of multidrug-resistant clone ST1901, should prompt the continuous and reinforced surveillance of AMR, including the molecular epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae in Panama.
Distinctive Features of the Major and Trace Element Composition of Biotite from Igneous Rocks Associated with Various Types of Mineralization on the Example of the Shakhtama Intrusive Complex (Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Redin Yury , Redina Anna , Malyutina Alexandra , Dultsev Vladislav , Kalinin Yuri , Abramov Bair , Borisenko Alexander
Published: October 2023

This article presents data on the composition of biotite from igneous rocks of the Shakhtama complex, which are associated with various types of mineralization in Eastern Transbaikalia: Au-Cu-Fe-skarn, skarn-porphyry, Mo-porphyry, rare-metal–greisen, Au-polymetallic and Au-Bi. The major element and halogen contents were determined by EPMA. The content of trace elements was determined by means of LA-ICP-MS. As a result, the specific traits of the composition of the biotite of igneous rocks associated with specific types of mineralization of the Eastern Transbaikalia were determined. The biotites of rare-metal–greisen deposits are characterized by the maximum content of fluorine (>2 wt. %) and low chlorine content (<0.04 wt. %). In addition, such biotites are characterized by high XFe (>0.47). Within Eastern Transbaikalia, igneous rocks developed at the Bystrinsky deposit are potentially ore-bearing for the “classic” porphyry type of mineralization. They have the highest values of IV(F/Cl) (4.9–7.1) and IV(F) (2–2.8) and the lowest values of Log(XMg/XFe) (0.1–0.4). The trace element composition clearly distinguishes biotites from rare-metal–greisen deposits and is identified by the highest contents (ppm) Ga > 65, Li > 600, Sn > 20, Mn > 2000, Cs > 50, Zn > 600. Biotites of Au-polymetallic and Au-Bi deposits occupy an average position between rare-metal–greisen and Mo-porphyry ones. Biotites of Mo-porphyry deposits differ in minimum values (ppm) of Sn < 3, Zn < 160, and low values of Li (150–290), V (290–440), and Ga (39–48). In general, the chemical composition of biotites shows that the degree of igneous rock fractionation of deposits increases in the series: porphyry–skarn–polymetallic–rare-metal.
A Computational Workflow to Predict Biological Target Mutations: The Spike Glycoprotein Case Study
Authors: Cozzini Pietro , Agosta Federica , Dolcetti Greta , Dal Palù Alessandro
Published: October 2023

The biological target identification process, a pivotal phase in the drug discovery workflow, becomes particularly challenging when mutations affect proteins’ mechanisms of action. COVID-19 Spike glycoprotein mutations are known to modify the affinity toward the human angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE2 and several antibodies, compromising their neutralizing effect. Predicting new possible mutations would be an efficient way to develop specific and efficacious drugs, vaccines, and antibodies. In this work, we developed and applied a computational procedure, combining constrained logic programming and careful structural analysis based on the Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) approach, to predict and determine the structure and behavior of new future mutants. “Mutations rules” that would track statistical and functional types of substitutions for each residue or combination of residues were extracted from the GISAID database and used to define constraints for our software, having control of the process step by step. A careful molecular dynamics analysis of the predicted mutated structures was carried out after an energy evaluation of the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions using the HINT (Hydrophatic INTeraction) force field. Our approach successfully predicted, among others, known Spike mutants.
Guttapercha Improves In Vitro Bioactivity and Dentin Remineralization Ability of a Bioglass Containing Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Root Canal Sealer
Authors: Taddei Paola , Di Foggia Michele , Zamparini Fausto , Prati Carlo , Gandolfi Maria Giovanna
Published: October 2023

Guttapercha (GP, trans-1,4-polyisoprene) is the most used tooth root filling material, and it must be used with an appropriate cement (typically a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based sealer) to ensure an adequate canal obturation. This study aimed to assess the bioactivity and dentin remineralization ability of a bioglass containing PDMS commercial endodontic sealer, BG-PDMS (GuttaFlow Bioseal), and to evaluate the possible influence of a GP cone (Roeko GP point) on the mineralization process. To this end, BG-PDMS disks were aged alone or in the presence of a GP cone in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (28 d, 37 °C). Dentin remineralization experiments were carried out under the same conditions. Micro-Raman and IR analyses demonstrated that BG-PDMS is bioactive, thanks to the formation of a silica-rich layer with nucleation sites for B-type carbonated apatite deposition. This phase was thicker when BG-PDMS was aged in the presence of GP. The two materials influenced each other because GP, which alone did not show any bioactivity, nucleated a calcium phosphate phase under these conditions. Analogously, dentin remineralization experiments showed that BG-PDMS is able to remineralize dentin, especially in the presence of GP. Under the experimental conditions, GP acted as a templating agent for calcium phosphate deposition.
Ionic Liquids Hybridization for Carbon Dioxide Capture: A Review
Authors: Ab Rahim Asyraf Hanim , Yunus Normawati M. , Bustam Mohamad Azmi
Published: October 2023

CO2 absorption has been driven by the need for efficient and environmentally sustainable CO2 capture technologies. The development in the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted immense attention due to the possibility of obtaining compounds with designated properties. This allows ILs to be used in various applications including, but not limited to, biomass pretreatment, catalysis, additive in lubricants and dye-sensitive solar cell (DSSC). The utilization of ILs to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most well-known processes in an effort to improve the quality of natural gas and to reduce the green gases emission. One of the key advantages of ILs relies on their low vapor pressure and high thermal stability properties. Unlike any other traditional solvents, ILs exhibit high solubility and selectivity towards CO2. Frequently studied ILs for CO2 absorption include imidazolium-based ILs such as [HMIM][Tf2N] and [BMIM][OAc], as well as ILs containing amine groups such as [Cho][Gly] and [C1ImPA][Gly]. Though ILs are being considered as alternative solvents for CO2 capture, their full potential is limited by their main drawback, namely, high viscosity. Therefore, the hybridization of ILs has been introduced as a means of optimizing the performance of ILs, given their promising potential in capturing CO2. The resulting hybrid materials are expected to exhibit various ranges of chemical and physical characteristics. This review presents the works on the hybridization of ILs with numerous materials including activated carbon (AC), cellulose, metal-organic framework (MOF) and commercial amines. The primary focus of this review is to present the latest innovative solutions aimed at tackling the challenges associated with IL viscosity and to explore the influences of ILs hybridization toward CO2 capture. In addition, the development and performance of ILs for CO2 capture were explored and discussed. Lastly, the challenges in ILs hybridization were also being addressed.
New 1,2,3-Triazole/1,2,4-triazole Hybrids as Aromatase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Apoptotic Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Maghraby Mohamed T-E , Mazyad Almutairi Tahani , Bräse Stefan , Salem Ola I. A. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Sheha Mahmoud M.
Published: October 2023

A novel series of 1,2,3-triazole/1,2,4-triazole hybrids 5a, 5b, and 6a–i was designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents targeting aromatase enzymes. The antiproliferative activity of the new hybrids against four cancer cells was studied using Erlotinib as a control. Compounds 6a and 6b demonstrated the highest antiproliferative activity among these hybrids, with GI50 values of 40 nM and 35 nM, respectively. Compound 6b was the most potent derivative, with a GI50 of 35 nM, comparable to Erlotinib’s GI50 of 33 nM. Compound 6b inhibited all cancer cell lines with comparable efficacy to Erlotinib. Compounds 5a, 5b, and 6a–i were tested for inhibitory action against aromatase as a potential target for their antiproliferative activity. Results revealed that compounds 6a and 6b were the most potent aromatase inhibitors, with IC50 values of 0.12 ± 0.01 µM and 0.09 ± 0.01 µM, respectively, being more potent than the reference Ketoconazole (IC50 = 2.6 ± 0.20 µM) but less potent than Letrozole (IC50 = 0.002 ± 0.0002). These findings indicated that compounds 6a and 6b had significant aromatase inhibitory action and are potential antiproliferative candidates. The findings were further linked to molecular docking investigations, which gave models of strong interactions with the aromatase domain for inhibitors with high binding scores.
A Novel Fluorescence Sensor for Iodide Detection Based on the 1,3-Diaryl Pyrazole Unit with AIE and Mechanochromic Fluorescence Behavior
Authors: Deng Lili , Xiong Jian , Liu Wenqin , Wu Lixue , Hu Huiyi , Wu Jiaqing , Liu Yue , Yu Lide , Zhou Yuling , Gao Wenjun , He Haifeng , Yin Weiyan
Published: October 2023

A D−A type of luminophore, TPA-CDP, was designed and synthesized by using triphenylamine (TPA) as D (electron donor), 1,3-diaryl pyrazole with cyano groups (CDP) as A (electron acceptor) and employing a cyanovinyl segment as a recognition group. Firstly, TPA-CDP demonstrates effective fluorescence quenching as a sensor for I− by the nucleophilic addition reaction of the cyanovinyl segment with a high level of sensitivity, selectivity and a low determination limit of 4.43 μM. Interestingly, TPA-CDP exhibited an AIE phenomenon with the fw value reaching 50%. In addition, TPA-CDP displayed distinct mechanochromic fluorescence behavior with 70 nm red shift, which was observed over four repeated cycles. Furthermore, the mechanochromic fluorescence behavior of TPA-CDP, as observed in powder XRD experiments, was found to be associated with the morphological transition from a crystalline state to an amorphous state. These results confirm the significant potential of CDP as a powerful electron-deficient component in the creation of D−A-type mechanochromic fluorescence materials and biosensors for detecting I−.
Extending the Affinity Range of Weak Affinity Chromatography for the Identification of Weak Ligands Targeting Membrane Proteins
Authors: Deloche Adrien , Vidal François-Xavier , Jammas Lucile , Wagner Renaud , Dugas Vincent , Demesmay Claire
Published: October 2023

The identification of weak-affinity ligands targeting membrane proteins is of great interest in Fragment-Based Drug Design (FBDD). Recently, miniaturized weak affinity chromatography (WAC) has been proposed as a valuable tool to study interactions between small ligands and wild-type membrane proteins embedded in so-called nanodisc biomimetic membranes immobilized on GMA-co-EDMA monoliths in situ-synthesized in capillary columns (less than one microliter in volume). In this proof-of-concept study, the achievable affinity range was limited to medium affinity (low micromolar range). The present work investigates different strategies to extend the affinity range towards low affinities, either by increasing the density of membrane proteins on the chromatographic support or by reducing non-specific interactions with the monolith. The combination of the use of a new and more hydrophilic monolithic support (poly(DHPMA-co-MBA)) and a multilayer nanodisc grafting process (up to three layers) allows a significant increase in the membrane protein density by a more than three-fold factor (up to 5.4 pmol cm−1). Such an increase in protein density associated with reduced non-specific interactions makes it possible to extend the range of detectable affinity, as demonstrated by the identification and characterization of affinities of very low-affinity ligands (Kd values of several hundred micromolar) for the adenosine receptor AA2AR used as a model protein, which was not possible before. The affinity was confirmed by competition experiments.
Steroidal Alkaloids from the Roots of Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. with Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Yuan Wenjuan , Ma Jinrong , Liu Xinlan , Zi Chengting , Xi Yongkai , Shen Xiaojing , Li Guodong , Sheng Jun , Wang Xuanjun
Published: October 2023

The phytochemical investigation of Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. roots resulted in the isolation and characterization of two novel, namely Mengtzeanines A (1), Mengtzeanines B (2), and eight known steroidal alkaloids (3–10). Their structural properties were assessed though extensive spectroscopic techniques. All constituents 1–10 were analyzed for suppression of NO formation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, constituent 6 (Verazine) showed inhibition against LPS-induced NO production (IC50 = 20.41 μM). Additionally, compound 6 could inhibit the secretion of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα, and downregulate the productions of iNOS and COX2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Further experiments revealed that 6 exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory level in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting NF-κB, and triggering of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, implying that compound 6 may be a promising candidate for treating inflammatory disorders.
Ethnic, Botanic, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Acorus L. Genus: A Review
Authors: Zhao Yu , Li Jia , Cao Guoshi , Zhao Daqing , Li Guangzhe , Zhang Hongyin , Yan Mingming
Published: October 2023

The genus Acorus, a perennial monocotyledonous-class herb and part of the Acoraceae family, is widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Acorus is rich in biological activities and can be used to treat various diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, epilepsy, hyperlipidemia, and indigestion. Recently, it has been widely used to improve eutrophic water and control heavy-metal-polluted water. Thus far, only three species of Acorus have been reported in terms of chemical components and pharmacological activities. Previously published reviews have not further distinguished or comprehensively expounded the chemical components and pharmacological activities of Acorus plants. By carrying out a literature search, we collected documents closely related to Acorus published from 1956 to 2022. We then performed a comprehensive and systematic review of the genus Acorus from different perspectives, including botanical aspects, ethnic applications, phytochemistry aspects, and pharmacological aspects. Our aim was to provide a basis for further research and the development of new concepts.
Bio-Based Pyrrole Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms as Coupling Agents of Carbon Black with Unsaturated Elastomers
Authors: Prioglio Gea , Naddeo Simone , Giese Ulrich , Barbera Vincenzina , Galimberti Maurizio
Published: October 2023

In this work, the hysteresis of elastomer composites suitable for tire compounds was reduced by using CB functionalized with pyrrole compounds containing sulfur-based functional groups reactive with the elastomer chains. CB was functionalized with bio-based pyrrole compounds: 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethane-1-thiol (SHP) and 1,2-bis(2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyr-rol-1-yl)ethyl)disulfide (SSP), bearing an -SH and an -SS- functional group, respectively. SHP and SSP were synthesized via a one-pot two-step synthesis, with yields higher than 70%, starting from biosourced chemicals as follows: 2,5-hexanedione from 2,5-dimethylfuran, cysteine and cysteamine. The functionalization of CB was carried out by mixing the CB with PyC and heating, with quantitative yields ranging from 92 to 97%. Thus, the whole functionalization process was characterized by a high carbon efficiency. The formation of the covalent bond between SHP, SSP and CB, in line with the prior art of such a functionalization technology, was proven by means of extraction and TGA analyses. The reactivity of the sulfur-based functional groups with unsaturated polymer chains was demonstrated by using squalene as the model compound. Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) from solution anionic polymerization and poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) from Hevea Brasiliensis were the elastomers employed for the preparation of the composites, which were crosslinked with a sulfur-based system. Pristine CB was partially replaced with CB/SHP (33%) and CB/SSP (33% and 66%). The PyC resulted in better curing efficiency, an increase in the dynamic rigidity of approximately 20% and a reduction in the hysteresis of approximately 10% at 70 °C, as well as similar/better ultimate tensile properties. The best results were achieved with a 66% replacement of CB with CB/SSP. This new family of reactive carbon blacks paves the way for a new generation of ‘green tires’, reinforced by a CB reactive with the polymer chains, which provides high mechanical properties and low rolling resistance. Such a reactive CB eliminates the use of silica, and thus the ethanol emission resulting from the condensation of silane is used as a coupling agent. In addition, CB-based tires are characterized by a higher mileage, at a moment in which the reduction in tire wear has become a primary concern.
Suppressing Optical Losses in Solar Cells via Multifunctional and Large-Scale Geometric Arrays
Authors: Shen Xiangqian , Jiang Sihan , Wang Xiaodan , Zhou Hua , Yu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2023

The occurrence of optical loss on the surface of solar cells is inevitable due to the difference in the refractive index between air and glass, as well as the insufficient absorption of the active layer. To address this challenge, micron-sized geometry arrays, such as hemispheres and hemisphere pits, are prepared on quartz glass through the advanced indirect patterning technology of UV-LIGA. These geometric arrays exhibit multiple mechanisms for controlling light waves, including multiple rebounds, diffraction scattering, and total internal reflection. These synergistic effects suppress optical losses at the device’s surface and prolong the photon propagation path in the active layer. After being patterned with this structure, the average transmittance and haze of the quartz glass reach 93.91% and 75%, respectively. Compared to their flat counterpart, the decorated monocrystalline silicon solar cells demonstrated an apparent improvement in photocurrent and produced a 7.2% enhancement in power conversion efficiency.
Can Nanowires Coalesce?
Authors: Dubrovskii Vladimir G.
Published: October 2023

Coalescence of nanowires and other three-dimensional structures into continuous film is desirable for growing low-dislocation-density III-nitride and III-V materials on lattice-mismatched substrates; this is also interesting from a fundamental viewpoint. Here, we develop a growth model for vertical nanowires which, under rather general assumptions on the solid-like coalescence process within the Kolmogorov crystallization theory, results in a morphological diagram for the asymptotic coverage of a substrate surface. The coverage is presented as a function of two variables: the material collection efficiency on the top nanowire facet a and the normalized surface diffusion flux of adatoms from the NW sidewalls b. The full coalescence of nanowires is possible only when a=1, regardless of b. At a>1, which often holds for vapor–liquid–solid growth with a catalyst droplet, nanowires can only partly merge but never coalesce into continuous film. In vapor phase epitaxy techniques, the NWs can partly merge but never fully coalesce, while in the directional molecular beam epitaxy the NWs can fully coalesce for small enough contact angles of their droplets corresponding to a=1. The growth kinetics of nanowires and evolution of the coverage in the pre-coalescence stage is also considered. These results can be used for predicting and controlling the degree of surface coverage by nanowires and three-dimensional islands by tuning the surface density, droplet size, adatoms diffusivity, and geometry of the initial structures in the vapor–liquid–solid, selective area, or self-induced growth by different epitaxy techniques.
Tuning Interlayer Exciton Emission with TMD Alloys in van der Waals Heterobilayers of Mo0.5W0.5Se2 and Its Binary Counterparts
Authors: Aly Mohammed Adel , Enakerakpor Emmanuel Oghenevo , Koch Martin , Masenda Hilary
Published: October 2023

Semiconductor heterostructures have been the backbone of developments in electronic and optoelectronic devices. One class of structures of interest is the so-called type II band alignment, in which optically excited electrons and holes relax into different material layers. The unique properties observed in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and the possibility to engineer van der Waals heterostructures make them candidates for future high-tech devices. In these structures, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties can be tuned through the interlayer coupling, thereby opening avenues for developing new functional materials. We report the possibility of explicitly tuning the emission of interlayer exciton energies in the binary–ternary heterobilayer of Mo0.5W0.5Se2 with MoSe2 and WSe2. The respective interlayer energies of 1.516 eV and 1.490 eV were observed from low-temperature photoluminescence measurements for the MoSe2– and WSe2– based heterostructures, respectively. These interlayer emission energies are above those reported for MoSe2/WSe2 (≃1.30–1.45 eV). Consequently, binary–ternary heterostructure systems offer an extended energy range and tailored emission energies not accessible with the binary counterparts. Moreover, even though Mo0.5W0.5Se2 and MoSe2 have almost similar optical gaps, their band offsets are different, resulting in charge transfer between the monolayers following the optical excitation. Thus, confirming TMDs alloys can be used to tune the band-offsets, which adds another design parameter for application-specific optoelectronic devices.
A “Green” Stirring Plasma Functionalization Strategy for Controllable Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on Octa-Methyl POSS Microstructure
Authors: Chen Xiao , Magniez Kevin , Zhang Pengchao , Kujawski Wojciech , Chen Zhiqiang , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: October 2023

The distinctive cage-like structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials makes them highly effective fillers in composite membranes for separation applications. However, realizing their full potential in the application often requires specific surface functionalization with various groups. However, this requirement remains challenging owing to the limitations of wet-chemistry approaches, which frequently result in the generation of hazardous chemical by-products. In this paper, a “green” stirring plasma strategy is presented for the functionalization of octa-methyl POSS sub-micron particles into designable oxygen-containing functional groups using a low-pressure oxygen plasma from combined continuous wave and pulsed (CW+P) modes. Plasma from oxygen gas with CW mode offers highly oxygen-reactive species to continuously etch and activate the surface of the POSS. The resulting pulsed plasma assists in grafting more reactive oxygen species onto the active methyl groups of the POSS to form specific oxygen-containing functional groups including hydroxyl and carboxyl. A precise control of nearly one hydroxyl or one carboxyl group at the corner of the cage structure of the POSS is demonstrated, without damaging the core. Therefore, the plasma process discussed in this work is suggested by the authors as controllable fundamental research for the surface functionalization of sub-micron particles, promoting a more environmentally friendly pathway for the preparation of designable fillers.
Delocalized Electric Field Enhancement through Near-Infrared Quasi-BIC Modes in a Hollow Cuboid Metasurface
Authors: Algorri José Francisco , Dmitriev Victor , López-Higuera José Miguel , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C.
Published: October 2023

The two main problems of dielectric metasurfaces for sensing and spectroscopy based on electromagnetic field enhancement are that resonances are mainly localized inside the resonator volume and that experimental Q-factors are very limited. To address these issues, a novel dielectric metasurface supporting delocalized modes based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. The metasurface comprises a periodic array of silicon hollow nanocuboids patterned on a glass substrate. The resonances stem from the excitation of symmetry-protected quasi-BIC modes, which are accessed by perturbing the arrangement of the nanocuboid holes. Thanks to the variation of the unit cell with a cluster of four hollow nanocuboids, polarization-insensitive, delocalized modes with ultra-high Q-factor are produced. In addition, the demonstrated electric field enhancements are very high (103–104). This work opens new research avenues in optical sensing and advanced spectroscopy, e.g., surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Hydrogel-Based Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable Applications
Authors: Wang Zhaosu , Li Ning , Zhang Zhiyi , Cui Xiaojing , Zhang Hulin
Published: October 2023

Collecting ambient energy to power various wearable electronics is considered a prospective approach to addressing their energy consumption. Mechanical and thermal energies are abundantly available in the environment and can be efficiently converted into electricity based on different physical effects. Hydrogel-based energy harvesters have turned out to be a promising solution, owing to their unique properties including flexibility and biocompatibility. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the methods and achievements in hydrogel-based energy harvesters, including triboelectric nanogenerators, piezoelectric nanogenerators, and thermoelectric generators, demonstrating their applications in power generation, such as LED lighting and capacitor charging. Furthermore, we specifically focus on their applications in self-powered wearables, such as detecting human motion/respiration states, monitoring joint flexion, promoting wound healing, and recording temperature. In addition, we discuss the progress in the sensing applications of hydrogel-based self-powered electronics by hybridizing multiple energy conversion in the field of wearables. This review analyzes hydrogel-based energy harvesters and their applications in self-powered sensing for wearable devices, with the aim of stimulating ongoing advancements in the field of smart sensors and intelligent electronics.
Nutritional Value of Yogurt as a Protein Source: Digestibility/Absorbability and Effects on Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Sumi Koichiro , Tagawa Ryoichi , Yamazaki Kae , Nakayama Kyosuke , Ichimura Takefumi , Sanbongi Chiaki , Nakazato Koichi
Published: October 2023

Yogurt is a traditional fermented food that is accepted worldwide for its high palatability and various health values. The milk protein contained in yogurt exhibits different physical and biological properties from those of non-fermented milk protein due to the fermentation and manufacturing processes. These differences are suggested to affect the time it takes to digest and absorb milk protein, which in turn will influence the blood levels of amino acids and/or hormones, such as insulin, and thereby, the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis via the activation of intracellular signaling, such as the mTORC1 pathway. In addition, based on the relationship between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle conditions, yogurt, including lactic acid bacteria and its metabolites, has been evaluated for its role as a protein source. However, the substantial value of yogurt as a protein source and the additional health benefits on skeletal muscle are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on the digestion and absorption characteristics of yogurt protein, its effect on skeletal muscle, and the contribution of lactic acid bacterial fermentation to these effects.
The Urgent Need for Nutritional Medical Care in Geriatric Patients—Malnutrition in Nursing Homes
Authors: Widhalm Harald K. , Keintzel Maximilian , Ohrenberger Gerald , Widhalm Kurt
Published: October 2023

Patients aged 65 and over who are accommodated in hospitals and nursing homes are at high risk of malnutrition and often show signs of it. The future relevance of this problem becomes clear, especially in view of the demographic development of the coming years and decades. In this study, the correlation between malnutrition, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, elevated CRP, and low transferrin levels, as well as mortality in seniors between 65 and 100 years, should be revealed. Therefore, the prevalence of disease-specific malnutrition (DRM), according to the criteria of the guidelines of the German Society of Nutritional Medicine (DGEM), and the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia were presented based on the data of 120 residents who were inpatients in a large Viennese nursing home between 01/2017 and 08/2020. Moreover, 86 of the inpatient residents were women and 34 were men, with a mean age of 84 years (SD: 8.7). In this examination, more than one-third of nursing home residents were malnourished. More than half of the residents were found to have low serum albumin or low transferrin saturation. However, no correlation between elevated CRP, low transferrin, or low serum albumin values and malnutrition could be established. Residents with low serum albumin or low transferrin levels, however, had a higher mortality rate. This study supports the urgent relevance of closer and individually personalized medical nutritional interventions, especially concerning hypoalbuminemic seniors aged 65 years and older.
Isolate Whey Protein Promotes Fluid Balance and Endurance Capacity Better Than Isolate Casein and Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution in a Warm, Humid Environment
Authors: Gholizadeh Mahdi , Shakibaee Abolfazl , Bagheri Reza , Camera Donny M. , Shirvani Hossein , Dutheil Frederic
Published: October 2023

Protein ingestion is known to enhance post-exercise hydration. Whether the type of protein (i.e., whey, casein) can alter this response is unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the effects of the addition of milk-derived whey isolate or casein protein to carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drinks on post-exercise rehydration and endurance capacity. Thirty male soldiers (age: 24 ± 2.1 y; VO2max: 49.3 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min) were recruited. Upon losing ~2.2% of body mass by running in warm and humid conditions (32.3 °C, 76% relative humidity [RH]), participants ingested either a CE solution (66 g/L carbohydrate [CHO]), or CE plus isolate whey protein (CEW, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate whey), or CE plus isolate casein protein (CEC, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate casein) beverage in a volume equal to 150% of body mass loss. At the end of the 3 h rehydration period, a positive fluid balance was higher with CEW (0.22 L) compared to CEC (0.19 L) and CE (0.12 L). Overall mean fluid retention was higher in CEW (80.35%) compared with the CE (76.67%) and CEC trials (78.65%). The time of the endurance capacity test [Cooper 2.4 km (1.5 miles) run test] was significantly higher in CEC (14.25 ± 1.58 min) and CE [(12.90 ± 1.01 min; (p = 0.035)] than in CEW [(11.40 ± 1.41 min); (p = 0.001)]. The findings of this study indicate that the inclusion of isolate whey protein in a CE solution yields superior outcomes in terms of rehydration and enhanced endurance capacity, as compared to consuming the CE solution alone or in conjunction with isolate casein protein.