bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Investigation of a Full-Scale Hybrid Composite Bull Gear
Authors:   Army Research Laboratory, LaBerge Kelsen ,   NASA Glenn Research Center, Handschuh Robert , Roberts Gary , Thorp Scott
Published: October 2024

Hybrid composite gears have been investigated as a weight saving technology for rotorcraft transmissions. These gears differ from conventional steel gears in that the structural material between the shaft interface and the gear rim is replaced with a lightweight carbon fiber composite. The work discussed here is an extension of previous coupon level hybrid gear tests to a full-scale bull gear. The NASA Glenn Research Center High-Speed Helical Gear Rig was modified for this program, allowing several hybrid gear web configurations to be tested while utilizing the same gear rim. Testing was performed on both a baseline (steel) web configuration and a hybrid (steel-composite) configuration. Vibration, orbit and temperature data were recorded and compared between configurations. Vibration levels did not differ greatly between the hybrid and steel configurations, nor did temperature differential between inlet and outlet. While orbit shape displayed differences between the hybrid and baseline configurations, the general overall amplitude was comparable. The hybrid configuration discussed here successfully ran at 3300 hp (2,460 kW), however, progressive growth of the orbit while running at this test condition discontinued the test. Further studies are planned to determine the cause of this behavior.
Rotor Blade Shed Ice Length Prediction
Authors:   Pennsylvania State Universty, Soltis Jared , Palacios Jose
Published: October 2024

Shed ice from rotor blades is a potential ballistic concern for rotorcraft. Ice projectiles could damage the tail rotor or fuselage, and shed ice could also be ingested by the engine. Substantial research has already been conducted in the areas of ice adhesion strength, shedding, projectile trajectories, and impact damage. Work on predicting the shed ice size as it slides off a rotating blade will be discussed in this paper. An Euler-Bernoulli beam model was developed to predict the ice length of shed ice as it is removed from the rotor under the effect of centrifugal forces. The model was validated with experiments conducted at the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand at the Pennsylvania State University. The ultimate tensile strength of the ice was experimentally measured, given the scattered ice tensile strength data found in the literature. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength on impact ice at the tested condition was 0.597 MPa with a standard deviation of 28%. High-speed cameras captured the ice break up for size quantification. The model was able to predict the ice length of fragmented shed ice within 22%.
Top Causes for Fatal and Non-Fatal Accidents in Helicopter Operations
Authors:   Purdue University, Rao Arjun , Marais Karen
Published: October 2024

We identify and compare the top causes for fatal and non-fatal helicopter accidents using historical accident data. We compare the causes for fatal and non-fatal accidents and identify the causes that are most likely to lead to both fatal and non-fatal accidents, the causes that are more likely to lead to fatal accidents than non-fatal accidents, and the causes that are more likely to lead to non-fatal accidents than fatal accidents. Accidents that had serious, minor, and no injuries were grouped as non-fatal accidents. We analyzed 5051 helicopter accidents between 1982 and 2008, and found that personal use, instructional flight, and aerial application missions accounted for 50.1% of the accidents. Poor weather condition was the top cause in 17.6% of fatal personal use accidents. Poor weather accidents generally occurred while operating in fog (20.4%), low ceiling (18.5%), strong tailwinds (11.1%), or rain (9.3%). Failure to maintain physical clearance (24.4%) and collision with objects were equally likely in fatal aerial application accidents. Some of the top causes appeared across mission types. Inclement weather condition was among the top causes not just during personal use, but also for instructional flights, appearing at least once in 15.3% of fatal and 12.8% of non-fatal accidents. Collision with objects was another one of the top common causes appearing across all three mission-types. By identifying the most frequent causes across different injury levels and mission types, we can leverage accident information from various sources (e.g., detailed accident reports, flight data records) to improve rotorcraft safety.
Integrated Tools for Rotorcraft Icing Analysis
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Sankar Lakshmi ,   Bain Aero LLC, Bain Jeremy ,   NASA Glenn Research Center, Kreeger Richard ,   US Army Aviation Dev Dir - AFDD, Wissink Andrew , Kim Jeewoong
Published: October 2024

Advanced tools for modeling ice accretion based on LEWICE and an Extended Messinger Model are being coupled to the DoD HPCMP CREATETM HELIOS code, and in particular the OVERFLOW 2.2k option within HELIOS. Tools for deicing and ice shedding, using the ice shape computed from the OVERFLOW flow field, are integrated into the HELIOS infrastructure through a set of python-based interfaces. The integrated icing analysis tools are then applied to rotorcraft icing problems. A series of progressively challenging simulations have been carried out. The numerical results are validated against a set of test data for ice shapes and associated measurements. Selected results are presented that demonstrate and validate these methods.
Enhancement of Reliability-Based Probabilistic Solutions for Rotorcraft Structural Analysis and Optimization
Authors:   United Technologies Research Center, Frewen Thomas , LaBarre Bob , Gurvich Mark , Shishkin Sergey
Published: October 2024

This study addresses opportunities to dramatically increase computational efficiency of probabilistic solutions relevant to rotorcraft, i.e., focused on very low probabilities of failure (POF). Firstly, it is shown that down-selection of probabilistic solutions depends on problem definition, and a set of eight decision-based criteria is proposed. Next, limitations of typically used Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and First- and Second-Order Reliability methods (FORM/SORM) are discussed in detail and demonstrated on numerical examples. Major efforts are focused on computational implementation of Cross-Entropy Importance Sampling (CE-IS) as an efficient alternative to both MCS and FORM/SORM. Remarkable computational enhancement in comparison with MCS is demonstrated on an example of probabilistic damage tolerance assessment for a representative composite structure: >1E+3 at POF = ∼1E-4; > 6E+4 at POF = ∼1E-6; and >1E+7 at POF = ∼1E-9. In addition, a simplified "engineering" variant is proposed based on estimation of a conservative, upper boundary of POF instead of its true value. Finally, possibilities of probabilistic optimization are highlighted according to the demonstrated CE-IS based capabilities.
Numerical Simulation Of The Load Carrying Capability Of Composite Rotorcraft Airframe Structures, Taking Into Account The Effect Of Disbonds In The Damage Tolerance And Fatigue Evaluation
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, Markmiller Johannes , Reichensperger Christian , Engleder Alexander
Published: October 2024

Authorities require among others a damage tolerance and fatigue evaluation for so called Principal Structural Elements (PSE) of composite rotorcraft airframe structures (see FAR 29.573). This includes a threat assessment followed by an assessment of the residual strengths of these parts after e.g. impacts and discrete flaws like large disbonds, and finally a so called no-growth substantiation under fatigue load has to be performed, regarding any kind of damages which are barely visible. This paper focusses on the residual strength determination of PSE with large disbonds. Traditionally this is done by a large test program during which the damage size of typical layups induced by e.g. impacts or disbonds is determined. In a second step the residual strength of such parts with damage is measured in tests as well.
New simulation techniques based on fracture mechanics that are now available in commercial finite element (FEM) codes and have been successfully used to simulate some of the most important phenomena driving damage tolerance evaluation: Delaminations caused by impact damages, residual strength after impact damage and proof of stability of structures with large disbonds. The results look promising and may simplify the substantiation effort in the future.
Probabilistic Lifing Method for Fatigue Management of Life-Limited Propulsion Components
Authors:   Army Research Laboratory, Shiao Michael , Chen Tzikang , Ghoshal Anindya
Published: October 2024

This paper presents three probabilistic lifing methods, Recursive Probability Integration (RPI), particle filtering (PF)-based probabilistic lifing method and a hybrid lifing method for fatigue management with physics-based damage propagation model and health state information obtained from health monitoring systems. RPI is suitable for fleet risk management if probability of detection (POD) is the only information provided by the system. Particle filtering approach can be used for individual risk tracking if a relationship between features from a health monitoring system and damage extent can be reliably developed. However, both RPI and PF have limitations for fatigue management. A hybrid method which utilizes RPI and PF is proposed for risk tracking in three stages. PRI is used in the first stage when the damage is small and signal-to-noise ratio from the health monitoring system is low. PF is applied in stage two in which reliable health information can be obtained for individual risk tracking. In stage three, RPI is applied again for risk predictions. In this paper, we will also provide numerical examples to discuss individual risk tracking using particle filtering approach with a typical crack growth model and a generic measurement function representing the relationship between features and damages. Effect of prior probability distributions of unknown parameters using PF on the predictions of fracture-based remaining useful life as well as calculations of posterior probability distributions will be presented and discussed.
Analysis of Shockwave Tolerant Features for Small-Volume Composite Rotorcraft Structure
Authors:   The Boeing Co., Chiu Lisa ,   US Army Aviation Development Directorate - AATD, Robeson Mark , Hunziker Kenneth , Andrews Clark
Published: October 2024

The capability for candidate shockwave tolerant features to contribute to shockwave attenuation and residual structural integrity of small-volume rotorcraft structures was evaluated in this study. To first understand the shockwave reflection and transmission effects of an explosive event on small-volume enclosed geometry, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to assess the relationship between the enclosed volume and explosive energy. The FEA techniques included a fluid dynamics based Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method as well as an empirically based method. With an understanding of the pressure environment, analysis was then performed to compare the structural response of representative structure with and without shockwave tolerant features. The shockwave tolerant features identified for this study can be classified as attenuating and reinforcing. Attenuating shockwave tolerant features include sandwich structures while reinforcing features include stitched composites, hybrid laminates, tailored ply orientations, and out-of-plane features. Finally, the paper concludes with discussion of a planned small-volume composite test program to validate the analytical findings and demonstrate the benefits of the shockwave tolerant features.
Generalized Multifield Variational Sectional Analysis of Composite Blades Considering Nonuniform Torsion
Authors:   Konkuk University, Dhadwal Manoj , Jung Sung
Published: October 2024

A finite element (FE) cross-sectional analysis is developed based on the Reissner's multifield variational principle to model the three-dimensional (3D) warping displacements and sectional stresses. The classical elastic couplings are taken into account along with the rigorous treatment of nonclassical couplings due to nonuniform torsional warping. The in- and out-of-plane warping displacements, and sectional stresses are approximated as linear functions of generalized sectional stress resultants at the global level, and using FE shape functions at the local sectional level. A generalized Timoshenko-Vlasov level 7 x 7 stiffness matrix is formulated which incorporates Timoshenko like model for bending, and Vlasov like model for restrained torsion. The accuracy of the present analysis is substantiated using a variety of benchmark composite beams and rotor blades. The present results show a good correlation compared with other state-of-the-art methods, 3D FE analysis and/or experimental data.
From ERATO Basic Research to the Blue Edge Rotor Blade
Authors:   DLR - German Aerospace Center, van Berend ,   DNW - German-Dutch Wind Tunnels, Pengel Kurt ,   Airbus Helicopters, Gervais Marc ,   ONERA, Delrieux Yves , Kessler Christoph , Hirsch Jean-Francois , Beaumier Philippe , Crozier Pascal
Published: October 2024

In 2015, Airbus Helicopters unveiled the secrecy around its Dauphin successor and presented the all new H160 heli-copter. A special feature immediately attracting attention is its unusual and revolutionary fore-aft swept main rotor blade. This design, aiming at significantly reducing the blade-vortex interaction noise signature and also reducing fast forward flight power requirements, finds its origins far back in the 1990s, when DLR and ONERA formed a joint team to acoustically optimize a rectangular reference rotor blade. Based on state-of-the-art comprehensive rotor codes and a 50-50 work share, the ERATO rotor blade design was developed, patented worldwide and tested on a rotor test rig and in the wind tunnel. Airbus Helicopters (then: Eurocopter) took up that design, optimized hover and forward flight high lift performance and prepared it for serial production, until it finally made it as the Blue Edge™ rotor blade on the Airbus Helicopters H160 helicopter. The paper covers the history and technical achievements, wind tunnel test results and flight tests.
Generalized Approach for Slung-Load Aerodynamics
Authors:   Georgia Institute of Technology, Hiremath Nandeesh , Motahari Nicholas , Komerath Narayanan
Published: October 2024

The general problem of measuring bluff-body aerodynamic load maps is considered, and simplified using a Fourier series representation Six-component aerodynamic load coefficients have been measured in a low-speed wind tunnel with 1 degree azimuthal resolution, about the needed axes for over 30 models using the Continuous Rotation method. Test cases include both explorations on practical vehicle shapes, and systematic parameter variations on canonical shapes, including open and closed cylinders, flat and long rectangular containers. From the load maps for different aspect ratios, different approaches to interpolation and generalization are considered. Interpolating Fourier coefficients proves to be efficient and accurate. The efficacy of such interpolation is shown where the aerodynamics on an empty engine canister are quickly estimated by reference to the interpolated data for a circular cylinder of aspect ratio 1.9. The possibility of using combinations of canonical shapes to approximate the load map for a complex object such as a road vehicle, is also seen from the success of a combination of airloads for a cylinder and rectangular box, in approximating several of the aerodynamic load coefficient variations for a road vehicle model.
Characterization and Analysis of H-53E Lag Damper
Authors:   University of Maryland, Choi Young-Tai ,   InnoVital Systems Inc., Purekar Ashish ,   Naval Air Warfare Center, Semidey Roberto , Wereley Norman , Phan Nam
Published: October 2024

Modeling and validation with test data of a full scale H-53E hydraulic lag dampers was investigated. A new and used lag H-53E damper were tested on a servo-hydraulic testing machine at the University of Maryland. Testing was performed under single frequency (lag mode frequency and rotor frequency) sinusoidal excitation at a range of stroking amplitudes to characterize performance. A hydro-mechanical model of H-53E lag damper was developed to predict damper behavior. Damper performance predictions using the analytical model was validated using experimentally measured data.
A Vectoring Thrust Coaxial Rotor for Micro Air Vehicle: Modeling and Control
Authors:   ISAE-Supaéro, Prothin Sebastien , Defay François , Lambert Luc , Raynaud Guillaume
Published: October 2024

The growing interest of rotary wing UAVs, for military and civilian applications, has encouraged designers to consider miniaturized configurations, more efficient in terms of endurance, payload capability and maneuverability. The purpose of this paper is to study a new configuration of coaxial rotor as applied to a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) with the intention to guarantee the vehicle maneuverability while removing unnecessary control surfaces which would increase wind gust sensitivity. Coaxial rotor configurations maximize the available rotor disk surface and allow for torque cancelation. Tilting rotors may allow for the vehicle control.
Deck Motion Interface for MQ-8C Fire Scout Embarked Aviation
Authors:   Hoffman Engineering Corp, Ferrier Bernard ,   NAVAIR US Navy, Ernst Robert ,   Wyle Aerospace Group, Sehgal Ajay , Kim Saiah
Published: October 2024

This paper provides a discussion of the challenges associated with embarking the MQ-8C Fire Scout (converted Bell 407) system onboard ships, focusing on the launch and recovery (L&R) process and equipment. The baseline version of Fire Scout, MQ-8C, along with all its improved derivatives is required to undergo ship suitability assessments in the form of dynamic interface (DI) testing, also known as helicopter-ship qualification analysis, aboard ship. DI testing evaluates all aspects of shipboard helicopter compatibility such as adequacy, effectiveness and safety of shipboard aviation support facilities and procedures for all ship-based helicopter types. To facilitate the upcoming at-sea ship-suitability assessment, a parallel effort was initiated to apply motion simulation defining deck interface experimentation ahead of sea trials. Analysis is made of various system component responses to the encountered motions and forces from a generic mono-hull vessel. Improvements in deck limits are estimated from the motion characterization of a platform in terms of, and as a function of, oleo compression and deflection, torque monitor along with indications of precise weight on wheels. At-sea preliminary validation study results are discussed and compared with simulated scenarios. This computational method employs sufficient performance criteria and correlates well with forecasted quiescent windows of deck motion. Results are presented in relation to deck energy problems normally confronted by a helicopter during recovery in progressively difficult conditions.
Effects of Inflow Model on Simulated Aeromechanics of a Quadrotor Helicopter
Authors:   Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Niemiec Robert , Gandhi Farhan
Published: October 2024

A dynamic simulation is created for a 2kg quadrotor helicopter, and several inflow models are used to analyze the behavior of the aircraft in trim in hover and forward flight. Intuitive control inputs are derived for a general quadrotor helicopter, and the effects of the inflow model on the required control inputs to achieve steady level flight are analyzed. The inflow models used include a uniform inflow model, Drees' linear inflow model, and the Peters-He generalized dynamic wake model. The flight dynamic modes in hover are also characterized and the effects of the inflow model on their damping and natural frequency are explored.
Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation and Sensing Methods for High Temperature Propulsion Materials
Authors:   US Army Research Laboratory, Ghoshal Anindya ,   University of Connecticut, Nykwest Erik ,   ADD-AMRDEC, Kerner Kevin , Brennan Raymond , Murugan Muthuvel , Shiao Michael , Pepi Marc , Walock Michael
Published: October 2024

Currently, no reliable direct measurement methods of structural temperature, strain or in-situ damage assessment are available for engine hot section components such as the turbine rotor or stator vane. Temperature and strain are computed based on turbine inlet temperature measurement and gas path analysis. Accurate and reliable direct measurement of structural component temperature and strain would lead to optimized turbine rotor blade and vane designs. Early damage detection and reliable prognosis of hot section components would minimize catastrophes such as blade off events. Direct measurement of structural substrate temperature would also accurately characterize the performance of the thermal barrier coating and the bond layer. Thermal barrier coating damage assessment can also prevent or minimize the fracture leading to the rotor blade structural substrate material failure. In essence, it would lead to better gas turbine engine survivability in extreme environments, better life prediction, and increased engine vulnerability reduction, while addressing mission goals to achieve longer endurance and faster flight with higher payload. This paper discusses research conducted at ARL and other research collaborative efforts with external partners.
Icing of Ducted Tail Rotor Based on Design of ILX-27 Unmanned Helicopter
Authors:   Institute of Aviation, Gula Pawel ,   PZL Mielec - A Sikorsky Company, Neckarz Piotr , Dziubiński Adam
Published: October 2024

The main objective of this paper is to describe the work done in the Polish unmanned helicopter ILX-27 project. The paper presents the effects of icing on the characteristics of helicopter's tail rotor. Simulation of ice accretion process on areas particularly prone to icing and ice formations' influence on operation safety are demonstrated. The influence of ice cover on whole ducted fan device thrust, a force and moment components on the blade are presented. The ice accretion causes mainly an increase of rotor drag.
Analysis Methods Improving Confidence in Material Qualification for Laminated Composites
Authors:   University of Texas at Arlington, Makeev Andrew ,   Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Nguyen Dean ,   US Army Aviation Development Directorate, Mathews Peter , Seon Guillame , Nikishkov Yuri , Robeson Mark
Published: October 2024

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are increasingly used in rotorcraft structures to reduce weight and improve efficiency. A major challenge, delaying the implementation of recently developed higher-performance materials that offer improved mechanical strength and stiffness at a lower weight, is the lack of efficient common material qualification. The current standard practices are too costly and time-consuming. Due to low confidence in material allowables, the entire material qualification process, including numerous test methods and large test matrices, must be repeated for every seemingly minute change in the composite system. This work presents initial results of research activities under the National Rotorcraft Technology Center, focused on utilizing recent advances in understanding complex deformation and failure mechanisms of polymer-matrix composites towards the development of consolidated common analysis processes. These common processes will enable reduced material qualification test matrices potentially accommodating substitution of resin types and other modifications of the material systems. In particular, analysis methods, developed at the University of Texas Arlington Advanced Materials and Structures Lab, are verified on carbon-fiber reinforced / untoughened and toughened polymer-matrix composite material systems. Due to well-recognized susceptibility of polymeric composites to matrix-dominated failures, thorough verification of the analysis methods using a range of the matrix types is required for improving confidence in the analysis-based material allowables accelerating material qualification.
Origin of mass movements and faulted glaciolacustrine deposits in the upper Lake Timiskaming area, Ontario- Quebec, using high-resolution seismic reflection
Authors: Pugin A. J. -M. , Brooks G. R. , Brewer K. D.
Published: October 2024

Trois levés sismiques à haute résolution ont été réalisés sur le cours supérieur du lac Témiscamingue en 2019, 2021 et 2022 à l'aide d'une technologie de pénétration développée à la Commission géologique du Canada. Le but de ces levés était d'étudier l'origine des sédiments glaciolacustres faillés précédemment signalés. De telles structures de déformation peuvent être liées à un effondrement dû à la fonte lente de la glace enfouie, à des mouvements de masse gravitationnelle ou à un mouvement de failles profondes du substrat rocheux. De nouvelles observations révèlent une vallée profonde, allongée et érodée (tunnel) de 1,3 à 2,5 km de large et 28 km de long et située le long du bord escarpé ouest du lac. Le thalweg de cette vallée s'étend jusqu'à -150 m d'altitude et est rempli de jusqu'à ~240 m de sédiments. Plus de sédiments sont présents dans la partie supérieure du lac par rapport à la partie inférieure ; le point de division étant défini par une moraine qui forme un rétrécissement peu profond. Les marges du lac présentent quatre niveaux de terrasse qui sont cartographiés dans la zone de la baie Paulson du lac. Une grille étroite de levés de lignes sismiques révèle des réseaux de glissements de terrain enfouis et inactifs qui sont le produit de mouvements gravitationnels rampants de sédiments glaciolacustres en association avec des failles d'extension. Les levés révèlent également des trous de kettle (fonte des glaces), des cavités rocheuses et du diamicton à la base d'une séquence sédimentaire glaciolacustre. D'éventuelles structures d'affouillement et de remplissage d'icebergs sont également identifiées dans les dépôts glaciolacustres. Toutes les failles et mouvements de masse liés à la gravité observés lors des levés peuvent être expliqués par des processus glacio-tectoniques ou de mouvements de masse. Certains glissements de terrain pourraient avoir été déclenchés par des séismes induits par le rebond isostatique de la croûte terrestre lié à la fonte de l'inlandsis laurentien. Il n’existe aucun exemple de failles rocheuses profondes atteignant la surface proche et se prolongeant dans les sédiments glaciolacustres ou lacustres récents dans l’ensemble de données sismiques.
Artificial intelligence and Afrocentric Biblical Hermeneutics crossroads in Zimbabwe (Col 2:8)
Authors: Chabata Lovejoy
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) isset to revolutionise global knowledge domains and biblical hermeneutics is no exception. At face value, in Zimbabwe, AI has been stigmatised as a humanistic and profane technological system with an immense propensity to cause general religious backsliding, degeneracy, vain philosophising and secularisation of the Gospel of Christ. This article isolated Colossians 2:8 as a lens to investigate the congruency of Artificial Intelligence to the pericope’s scope of ‘philosophy, vain deceit, tradition of men and rudiments of the world’. The Zimbabwean setting was used to examine whether the Colossian Christian Church’s philosophical aspersions bear any semblances to how AI is viewed among the clergy, theologians, Christian believers and academics of religious studies. The qualitative methodological paradigms of African Biblical Hermeneutics and Exegetical Method were employed in the study. The study mainly established that AI, like a tool in the hands of a workman, can either build or destroy, enhance or adulterate biblical hermeneutics depending on how it is viewed and used.Contribution: The article reflects on how the world’s most nascent technological development, Artificial Intelligence, impacts on biblical interpretation generally, but, more particularly, in the Zimbabwean context.
Childhood trauma, substance use and depressive symptoms in people with HIV during COVID-19
Authors: Prosad Singh Nikita , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Tomita Andrew , Paruk Saeeda
Published: October 2024

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), substance use, depressive symptoms, and HIV outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) have not been comprehensively investigated within a single study.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and association of ACEs, substance use, depressive symptoms and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes in PLWHIV accessing HIV care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Setting: District hospital HIV clinic in South Africa.Methods: A total of 196 PLWHIV completed a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire; an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; WHO ACEs International Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire.Results: The most common ACEs were having one or no parent, parental separation or divorce (n = 131, 66.8%), exposure to collective (n = 57, 29.1%) and community violence (n = 55, 28.1%), with 40.3% (n = 79) experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs. The most commonly used substances were alcohol (n = 34, 17.3%), tobacco (n = 33, 16.8%), and cannabis (n =13, 6.6%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.4% (n = 38). Linear regression analyses indicated greater alcohol (adj β = 2.84, p  0.01), tobacco (adj β = 3.64, p  0.01) and cannabis use risk scores (adj β = 2.39, p  0.01) were associated with ≥ 3 ACEs. Logistic regression indicated depressive risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.78–23.51) was associated with ≥ 3 ACEs.Conclusion: A high prevalence of ACEs, substance use and depressive symptoms exists among PLWHIV, along with an association between cumulative ACEs and both substance use and depressive symptoms.Contribution: Enhanced screening and management services are recommended to address this triple burden in PLWHIV.
Operational Research to Support Rapid Evidence-Based Responses to Outbreaks: Learnings from COVID-19
Authors: Hoppe Anne , Dani Pallavi , Mwangoka Grace , Vreden Stephen , Breton Guillaume , Ateudjieu Jerome , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Sambo Júlia , Masaba Rose , Maparo Tatenda , Sibeko Goodman , Njouom Richard , Tchounga Boris , Ssewanyana Isaac , Chavula Chancy , Nchimunya Lindiwe , Djikeussi Tatiana , Accellam Sam , Cairo Hedley , Walcott David , Khan Aamir J. , Khan Shaukat , Bausch Daniel G.
Published: October 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for making testing readily available was recognized as an important factor for individuals to help make informed decisions, including to isolate or seek care, and for policymakers to control transmission. Toward this end, FIND and the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator funded 16 rapid operational research studies and one implementation project in Africa, the Caribbean, and Asia evaluating the utility, acceptability, and feasibility of different community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches. Here, we discuss common factors and challenges encountered during study implementation. We note six key factors essential for success: 1) collaboration and partnerships; 2) buy-in of local stakeholders, including communities; 3) access to affordable supplies; 4) flexible financing; 5) effective approval systems; and 6) a skilled and motivated workforce. We also note various challenges that must be addressed to fully capitalize on these success factors. In particular, ethics committees are often not well equipped to assess operational research during outbreaks. Outbreaks, especially of novel pathogens, are unpredictable, and transmission dynamics are even more likely to change if the pathogen is prone to frequent mutations, such as SARS-CoV-2. Research that aims to evaluate strategies for curbing transmission must hence be easily and swiftly adaptable. This requires flexibility from researchers, funders, staff conducting the studies, and ethics and other approval committees. International guidelines for evaluating operational research protocols in outbreaks are needed to provide timely evidence to enable informed decisions by individuals, communities, and policymakers, thereby reducing both the human and the economic impact of outbreaks.
Micromobility and the Next Infrastructure Wave
Authors: Razdan Rahul
Published: October 2024

US transportation infrastructure is dominated by the automobile form factor.
Alternative modalities of movement, such as bikes, golf carts, and other
micromobility options, have existed but are decidedly at a lower tier of
importance. Even pedestrian access ways are not overly emphasized in the US
transportation system. This lack of prioritization matches the reality that the
vast majority of people and commerce moves through the motor vehicle
infrastructure, with micromobility sitting in the periphery. Additionally, given
the current lack of commercial applications, there are limited direct fee-based
funding mechanisms connected to micromobility form factors.

Micromobility and the Next Infrastructure Wave discusses how recent
technological innovations in electrification, e-commerce, and autonomy are
enabling a new class of micromobility devices which offer palpable value to
consumers and enable significant commercial applications. Unlike the past, these
micromobility devices now have the scale, commercial funding, and operational
economic value to justify a focused infrastructure effort.

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Spremenljive krajine severovzhodne Islandije: vreme, letni časi, svetloba in tema
Authors: Svetel Ana
Published: October 2024

In the monograph Changing Landscapes of Northeastern Iceland, I focus on some dimensions of the environment that are often overlooked in anthropological research – the weather, seasons, light and darkness. I address questions regarding how these dimensions intersect with the social and cultural aspects of everyday life in the areas of Langanesbyggð and Svalbarðshreppur. I concentrate primarily on practices and perceptions connected to the relations between the people and the landscape. I understand the landscape as a highly changing, rhythmic and moving dimension, not as a seemingly static landscape on the surface of the Earth, but as a landscape that encompasses all the constantly ongoing processes of the surface, vegetation, soil and water, as well as gasses and atmospheric phenomena, human and non-human beings. Since the landscape is constantly changing, it is also inherently temporal, and different temporalities of social practices are expressed through the landscape and within it. I follow the assumption that changing and temporal landscapes co-create the ways and forms of interactions between people and the environment, and that these very interactions are at the same time part of the changing and temporal landscapes.
Los principios del capitalismo verde
Authors: Aguilar César Alejandro , Esparza Flores Miguel
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del trabajo es realizar un análisis teórico sobre la emergencia de un modelo de desarrollo que marca nuevas pautas para la lógica de acumulación capitalista. Mediante una revisión de los principios teóricos del capitalismo “tradicional”, comparados con los principios derivados de un capitalismo “verde” o “sustentable”, el argumento central propone la existencia de una contradicción lógica y material entre los principios capitalistas tradicionales y los verdes. Mientras que el capitalismo tradicional se basa en la producción de mercancías sin importar los costos sociales y ambientales, el capitalismo verde procura no solamente generar nuevas mercancías y procesos productivos sustentables, sino reducir su impacto ambiental y contribuir a la reproducción del sistema capitalista a largo plazo. Así, el capitalismo verde hace referencia a un nuevo proyecto económico-ideológico guiado por el principio de sustentabilidad, el cual es impulsado por organismos internacionales y supraestatales desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
El impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 sobre el trabajo de las mujeres en México, 2019-2021
Authors: Torres Ramírez Mireya
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación analiza el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 sobre el trabajo productivo y reproductivo de hombres y mujeres en México, con énfasis en la doble presencia. Los resultados muestran que la pandemia afectó negativamente el trabajo remunerado, tanto de hombres como mujeres, pero ellas sufrieron un impacto mayor debido a la brecha de género preexistente. Si bien los hombres aumentaron ligeramente su participación en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado, las mujeres siguieron soportando la mayor carga. La doble presencia, es decir, la necesidad de las mujeres de combinar trabajo remunerado y no remunerado, sigue siendo un asunto femenino, y la pandemia prácticamente no afectó esta situación. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de políticas públicas que promuevan la corresponsabilidad y la igualdad de género en el trabajo remunerado y no remunerado.
Impactos de la COVID-19 sobre el comportamiento delictivo explicado por factores económicos y sociales: región centro norte de México 2020
Authors: De León Dávila Manuel Ignacio , Esparza Flores Miguel
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo describe la relación de los delitos del fuero común con sus factores explicativos en el contexto de la intensificación del COVID-19 en México. El desempleo, la densidad poblacional, la proporción de la población masculina entre 15 y 29 años y la percepción de inseguridad son estadísticamente significativos, se corrobora lo predicho en la teoría respecto a los determinantes de las actividades ilegales. Se realizó un modelo de regresión múltiple por el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) para el año 2020. Como referencia regional se introduce la variable dicótoma de pertenecer a la región Centro Norte. Se concluye que existe una respuesta positiva entre los delitos del fuero común y los factores antes mencionados en el periodo de manifestación de la crisis sanitaria, con el agregado de que pertenecer o no la región Centro Norte no resulta estadísticamente significativo, al igual que la forma de cuantificar la escolaridad.
Corrupción y probidad moral. Los jóvenes universitarios comunican
Authors: Flores Fernández Mileydi , Torres Nauca Enrique Santos , Llanos Flores Marcel Junior , Vieira Salazar Jaime Andrés , Llanos Díaz Elmer
Published: October 2024

Actualmente, se observa que las organizaciones se enfocan en ofrecer un servicio de calidad para lograr la lealtad de sus clientes. En países de Europa y América del Norte, los gobiernos locales han modernizado sus procesos de gestión pública mediante la implementación de tecnología, lo que ha dado resultados positivos. En naciones como Argentina, México y Chile, también se han mejorado los procesos gracias a la innovación tecnológica, generando satisfacción entre los usuarios. Por otro lado, en Perú, el fortalecimiento de la atención al cliente se basa en la formación de habilidades gerenciales, con un enfoque especial en micro y pequeñas empresas, así como una notable participación en la economía privada del país. Además, se están desarrollando planes de modernización del Estado para 2030, que establecen metas que las municipalidades provinciales y distritales deben alcanzar. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción de los jóvenes en una universidad privada de la región Lambayeque y determinar su postura sobre la probidad. Para ello, buscamos responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué percepciones tienen los jóvenes universitarios de la región Lambayeque respecto a la corrupción y la probidad? La conclusión indica que la percepción de los efectos negativos de la corrupción, especialmente en los ámbitos económico, social y cultural, así como el debilitamiento de las instituciones del Estado, resulta en un deterioro de la probidad entre los jóvenes universitarios, quienes tienden a perder la confianza en las organizaciones sociales y disminuyen su responsabilidad moral.
State support for employment of rural population in Kazakhstan
Authors:   S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Zhenskhan D. , Appazova G. ,   S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Koitanova A. ,   Astana IT University
Published: October 2024

Purpose - the problems of employment in rural areas are considered and the ways of their solution are proposed. Methods - economic and statistical method, monographic, systematic, sociological analysis - to determine the indicators and factors of providing jobs - were used in identifying the trends of employment of rural population. Results - the current situation in the labor market was studied, the state programs for the expansion of this segment and the results of their implementation were analyzed. The statistical data of unemployment rate by categories in dynamics are compared: age, gender composition, share of labor-sufficient urban and rural populations. The experience of foreign countries is shown, the approved norms of the number of employees employed in agriculture are presented. Conclusions - to improve the socio-economic infrastructure of rural areas and to improve the quality of life of rural residents it is important to improve the system of subsidizing economic entities. This, in turn, is achievable under the condition of investment of staff units in agricultural production and strengthening social protection of the population. Structural reorganization of the economy has affected the decrease of labor employment in the agrarian sphere, which is one of the criteria of economic development of the republic. Diversification in the agro-industrial complex, support of peasant (farmer) farms and alternative forms of labor relations in rural areas allow to smooth negative trends and receive additional income. The priority direction of labor mobility of rural residents is the expansion of small business. To this end, it is necessary to ease the tax burden on its enterprises, create regional centers for their support, which should direct the available financial and material resources primarily to the implementation of projects and employment programs in rural areas.
How Do Managerial Biases Affect Foreign Market Entry Decisions?
Authors: Kocoglu Ipek , Mithani Murad A.
Published: October 2024

In this practitioner-focused study, we discuss how cognitive biases impair foreign market entry decisions. Focusing on three factors that are central to the evaluation of foreign markets: cost, control, and uncertainty, we explain how decision-making biases undermine their assessment and the ways in which the biases can be mitigated. Specifically, overconfidence bias and the sunk cost fallacy negatively affect the estimation of entry costs which can be mitigated by a strong governance structure and independent reviews; anchoring and confirmation biases undermine the assessment of an appropriate level of control requiring the use of systematic decision frameworks and decision extension tools; and representativeness and availability biases limit the comprehension of environmental uncertainty suggesting mitigation strategies such as the challenging of internal assumptions and devil’s advocacy. By explicating how managerial biases turn into flawed assessments of foreign markets, our study uncovers the mechanisms that explain and potentially remedy cognitive pitfalls during internationalization.
DISIPLIN DAN MOTIVASI GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN SEMANGAT BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Marjuki Marjuki
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana peraturan, penetapan, dan perilaku disiplin guru mempengaruhi motivasi dan semangat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus, mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen, serta mengolah data melalui kondensasi, penyajian, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan:   Disiplin guru dalam meningkatkan semangat belajar siswa melibatkan menjaga kebersihan kelas, memberikan pujian, menugaskan pekerjaan, serta menjaga komunikasi yang efektif antara guru dan siswa. Selain itu, motivasi yang diberikan guru dapat berupa permainan edukatif di awal pelajaran, pemberian dorongan semangat, bimbingan belajar, dan arahan dari kepala sekolah. Guru juga berperan sebagai contoh dalam perilaku positif, memberikan teladan kepada siswa untuk menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Kombinasi disiplin dan motivasi dari guru ini sangat penting dalam meningkatkan semangat dan hasil belajar siswa.
Discussing discarded models: an integrative teaching resource
Authors: Paruelo Jorge
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a kind of teaching resource adaptable to different levels of teaching and training objectives that allows the introduction of contextual issues and concepts of history and the nature of science while providing tools for learning modeling and integrating different kinds of knowledge. A controversial case from science history was sought to develop an integrating teaching activity. The case to find must be one that confront at least two different models to solve a scientific problem or a technological one. Torricelli’s theory vs. horror vacui theory as it was modified by Galileo result a useful case to take as content for the teaching activity. Groups of students must argument in favor and against each of theories or models. The proposed activity introduces future teachers in the student’s role, considering that they will play the teacher’s role when they use similar activities with their future students. Moreover, it trains future physics teachers to integrate modeling, history and nature of science.
Sistem Informasi Gereja Pantekosta Tabernakel (GPT) di Kepengurusan Wilayah Kota Waringin Timur
Authors: Hawila Hawila , Sahay Abertun Sagit , Widiatry Widiatry
Published: October 2024

Website adalah kumpulan halaman web yang saling terhubug, web terdiri dari page atau
halaman, dan kumpulan halaman yang dinamakan homepage, homepage berada pada posisi teratas, dengan halaman-halaman terkait beranda yang ada di bawahnya, biasanya halaman hompage dibawahnya diebut child page, yang berisi hyperlink ke halaman lain dalam web. Perkembangan dunia informasi yang semakin meningkat seiring dengan semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi komputer, membuat informasi telah menjadi suatu kebutuhan utama bagi seseorang.
Untuk saat ini ada beberapa Gereja yang berdiri di daerah Kotawaringin Timur, yang mana beberapa  gereja  tersebut  masih  belum  mempunyai  website  yang  dapat  digunakan  untuk
pencatatan dan penyebaran informasi tentang Gereja Pantekosta Tabernakel.
Dari permsalahan tersebut memunculkan gagasan untuk membuat suatu aplikasi berbasis web, yang di gunakan untuk mengelola informasi yang berhubungan dengan Gereja Pantekosta Tabernakel, seperti data jemaat, data informasi ibadah, data baptisan dan data-data lainnya. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Waterfall yang terbagi beberapa tahapan yaitu requirements definition, system and software design, implemetation and unit testing, dan integration and system testing. Sistem dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP menggunakan framework CodeIginiter dan database MySQL serta diuji dengan metode blackbox testing.
Hasil dari penelitian yaitu sebuah website yang digunakan untuk mengelola data-data yang berhubungan dengan Gereja Pantekosta Tabernakel.