bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Pen to Print:
Authors: KOSTELNICK CHARLES
Published: March 2007

Visual design has played an important role in the historical development of professional communication. The technology of laser printing has reestablished the importance of visual language in functional communication, transforming contemporary document design and redefining its relation to the traditions of handwritten, typewritten, and printed text. During this period of transition, three factors will shape the new visual language: (a) the development of a visual rhetoric that represents design as an integral part of the message rather than merely as external “dress,” (b) the rediscovery of aesthetics as a legitimate factor in text design, and (c) the use of empirical research—particularly context-specific research—to guide the document design process.
Stories of Three Editors
Authors: THOMPSON ISABELLE K. , ROTHSCHILD JOYCE M.
Published: March 2007

This study describes the roles and responsibilities of three editors employed in the publications unit of a large government agency. Along with the story of each editor, the article presents generalizations about the editing process in this particular organization. The description suggests that editing is a complex, meaning-making process. The three editors seem to make changes in the documents they edit based on their expert knowledge of writing, their empathy for readers, and their assumption of authority over a document. Although they all make rule-based changes that rely on external authorities, such as style manuals, they vary greatly in their readiness to use their personal authority in interpreting the needs of an audience. The editors gain the authority they need to make reader-based changes by assuming the role of language specialists and by enhancing the teaching role important in their organization.
The Effectiveness of Leading Grammar/Style Software Packages in Analyzing Business Students' Writing
Authors: KOHUT GARY F. , GORMAN KEVIN J.
Published: March 2007

This study compares the effectiveness of five leading grammar/style analysis software packages in analyzing business students' writing. The software exhibited considerable differences in the following areas: correctly identifying various mechanical and style errors, avoiding annoying and misleading false error messages, and providing helpful remedial advice. No prior research study has empirically compared grammar/style analysis software along all these important dimensions. PowerEdit was found to be the overall superior package, demonsrating proficiency in detecting errors in punctuation, sentence structure, passive voice, and weak wording. The results have significant implications for utilizing grammar/style analysis software to improve students' writing.
Transmuting Common Substances
Authors: THACKER BRAD , STRATMAN JAMES F.
Published: March 2007

This study explores the relationship between forensic, deliberative, and epideictic modes of rhetoric in the cold fusion controversy. The purpose of this exploration is threefold: (a) to show the interactions between these three modes of rhetoric more comprehensively than they have been shown in previous case studies of scientific controversies; (b) to examine the ways in which all three modes have shaped the emerging scientific consensus and, further, through a close analysis of key experimental reports, to reveal how forensic rhetoric in the cold fusion controversy has come to occupy pride of place; and (c) to suggest how the events in this controversy support Robert Sanders's contention that rhetorical practices interact with scientific practices to allow diverse researchers to arrive at constructive agreements—not merely political ones—on both research findings and ways to resolve competing interpretations.
“Cover your Tracks”
Authors: GOODWIN JILL TOMASSON
Published: March 2007

Expert legal reports exhibit what Carolyn Miller calls the “pragmatic dimension” of genre, namely, a capacity to engage in two very different kinds of discursive activities simultaneously: The first, what I call the strategic function, “helps virtual communities, the relationships we carry around in our heads, to reproduce and reconstruct themselves,” and the second, what I call the tactical function, “help[s] real people in spatio-temporal communities to do their work and carry out their purposes” (75). This article examines two psycholegal reports, showing how these strategic and tactical activities work together in a way that is complementary and ideological: complementary, because the relationship is one of foreground to background, with the strategic activity of the report predominating—and thus covering over—its tactical operations; ideological, because both activities serve to naturalize and reproduce the status of experts and of the law generally.
Review as a Method for Improving Professional Texts
Authors: VAN DER GEEST THEA , VAN GEMERT LISETTE
Published: March 2007

In this article, the review process is described as a method of formative evaluation of texts. The description is based on three empirical studies of professional writing practices. It includes the goals of review, the actors involved in the process, the moments in the text production process that review is taking place, and the procedures followed. The studies make clear that review serves more goals than just improving the text. For improving the text, other methods than review probably produce better and more reliable results, especially when the goal is to improve the usability of the text. But review also has the function of having the information checked by experts and of building consensus and commitment in the organization. Because in most organizations review is taking place anyway, all remarks about the quality and acceptability of the document that are collected in the review process can be considered additional information that writers could use—with caution.
Revising Safety Instructions with Focus Groups
Authors: ELLING RIEN
Published: March 2007

This article analyzes the use of focus groups for the evaluation of a safety manual. To avoid one of the possible disadvantages of using focus groups, namely, sequencing or dominance problems, the method was combined with a troubleshooting text evaluation method: the plus-minus method. The combined approach produced valuable information about complex acceptance and relevance problems—information that could not easily have been obtained with other methods—part of which became available only after extensive discussion, during which opinions often changed. Information from the focus groups appeared to form a solid basis for decisions on revising or maintaining the text. Group discussion of critical remarks clarified whether the problems were related to the text or the company situation in which the manual functioned. In this way, problems with the text could sometimes be avoided by changing the situation or by explaining the situation to the readers.
Toward a Rhetoric of Change
Authors: FABER BRENTON
Published: March 2007

This article proposes a model of organizational change by describing change as a discursive process, sparked by a conflict in an organization's narratives and images. As such, change is the process of realigning an organization's discordant narratives and images. Several implications that the model has for organizational communication and for the study of organizational change are presented.
Practicing Good Technical Communication Techniques by Revising Patient-Education Materials
Authors: SPEARS LEE A.
Published: March 2007

Revising instructions for clients of health care facilities provides students with valuable practice in good technical communication techniques: organizing information for maximum accessibility, analyzing the audience's needs, using formatting and graphics to enhance communication, and clarifying sentence structure and diction. Suitable for both individual and team work, the project offers experience in both revising instructions for a lay audience and writing persuasively. It also emphasizes the accountability of technical writers to the users of their documents.
Modeling Concurrent Product Design: A Multifunctional Team Approach
Authors: Li Chen  , Li Simon
Published: March 2007

A satisfaction-driven, multifunctional team approach is presented with application to concurrent product design. This team ap proach is based on optimization formalism in which different teams are responsible to perform their specified functions by controlling the individual sets of design variables. The functions of each team should characterize different aspects of product design in the collabora tive product development. In particular, the preference of each team against a design alternative is formalized using fuzzy set theory to seek the most favorite design that best fulfills the team goal. Two fuzzy set operators—"min" and "geometric mean"—are extended to ag gregate team's satisfaction metrics to describe the non-compensative and compensative relationships between teams. Team aggrega tion is based on the strategic team paradigms derived from game theory and the concept of responsibility and controllability. As a result, five design models are explored to reveal typical team interactions in design computing and then illustrated through the study of a de sign example.
Harnessing Non-Structured Information and Knowledge and Know-How Capitalisation in Integrated Engineering: Case Study at Aerospatiale Matra
Authors: Gardoni M. , Spadoni M. , Vernadat F.
Published: March 2007

Concurrent Engineering (CE) approaches heavily rely on efficient and reliable communications among people involved in the design, engineering, industrialisation and even manufacturing of products. One important aspect of Concurrent Engineering concerns common resolution of product design problems within a CE integrated team. This involves exchange of technical messages (information) and capitalisation of relevant knowledge. The aim in this case is to keep track of problem solving process and solutions, to learn from ex perience and to avoid making the same mistakes twice. In this paper, an approach is proposed and a simple groupware tool working on a network of PC's is proposed. The tool supports description of technical problems, message exchange among users, monitoring of the problem solving process and documentation of technical solutions. It also provides facilities to structure and archive knowledge learned during this process. The tool has been developed and evaluated at Aerospatiale Matra, especially to feed back to design teams with manufacturing knowledge in the context of product change requests. Finally, a method to capitalise knowledge and know-how contents in relation to the tool is proposed.
Designing Effective User Interfaces for Web Courseware
Authors: Lai Wei , Li Dongguang , Jia Xiaohua , Tanaka Jiro
Published: March 2007

Current courseware development has moved to integrate multimedia, the WWW and Internet techniques. We think that the courseware design should not only put teaching materials on the Web and integrate audio/video facilities, but also should focus on other issues, such as user interfaces and software architecture. Our approach is to adapt the general architecture for building a Web site to our courseware development by identifying the roles of system programmers, Web developers, and course designers. The user interfaces is the crucial part for a courseware system. This paper introduces the design for effective user interfaces which can help students' learning.
Modeling and Implementing Concurrent Engineering in a Virtual Collaborative Environment
Authors: Sky Ron W. E. , Buchal Ralph O.
Published: March 2007

Many companies are creating mterdisciplmary concurrent engineering teams to collaborate on product development projects from dispersed locations. The problems these companies face stem from the lack of understanding of technical, organizational, and pro cedural requirements for such activities to take place effectively. This paper proposes an integrated conceptual model of the product life cycle, and a virtual collaborative environment to support concurrent engineering. The product life cycle model features the life cycle pro cess itself, but also highlights the corresponding people and technology required for each phase. The virtual collaborative environment framework models the activities that occur, and the underlying infrastructure that must be present for collaboration to be effective. A sim ple prototype of the model is implemented, and an exploratory study is conducted to gain insight into the issues of concurrent engineer ing in a virtual collaborative environment, and to identify future research directions.
Concurrent Design and Manufacturing for Mechanical Systems
Authors: Chang Kuang-Hua , Silva Javier , Bryant Ira
Published: March 2007

The conventional product development process employs a design-build-break philosophy. The sequentially executed product development process often results in a prolonged lead-time and an elevated product cost. The proposed concurrent design and manu facturing (CDM) paradigm employs physics-based computational methods together with computer graphics techniques for product de sign. This proposed approach employs Virtual Prototyping (VP) technology to support a cross-functional team in analyzing product per formance, reliability, and manufacturing cost early in the product development stage; and in conducting quantitative trade-off for design decision making. Physical prototypes of the product design are then produced using Rapid Prototyping (RP) technique primarily for de sign verification purposes. The proposed CDM approach holds potential for shortening the overall product development cycle, improving product quality, and reducing product cost. A software tool environment that supports CDM for mechanical systems is being built at the Concurrent Design and Manufacturing Research Laboratory (http://cdm.ou.edu) at the University of Oklahoma. A snapshot of the envi ronment is illustrated using a two-stroke engine example. This paper presents three unique concepts and methods for product develop ment : (1) bringing product performance, quality, and manufacturing cost together in early design stage for design considerations, (2) supporting design decision-making through a quantitative approach, and (3) incorporating rapid prototyping for design verification through physical prototypes.
WWW-Based Collaborative System for Integrated Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Chang Hsin-Chi , Lu Wen F. , Liu Xiaoqing Frank
Published: March 2007

In today's competitive business environment, a product development is the result of a team effort involving a multi-disciplinary group of designers, manufacturers, even supplier and customer representatives. Effective collaboration among various groups is impor tant for reducing cost and product development time. Hence, the aim of our study is to develop a WWW-based collaborative system for integrated design and manufacturing. The proposed system is composed of three modules—collaboration, design, and manufacturing. This paper focuses on its collaboration module and the design module. Its manufacturing module is discussed in References [1] and [2]. The collaboration module is WWW-based platform-independent and provides a virtual collaborative environment for a part designer to perform on-line communication with customers and manufacturers via the Internet. All participants in the collaborative environment can view, and manipulate the solid model of the design part as well as discuss their concerns on-line interactively. The design module utilizes the design by features approach to construct a part. Traditional design by features systems restrict the designer to a fixed set of pre defined features provided by the system vendor. The proposed design module includes an extension mechanism for designers to create user-defined features and an evaluation mechanism for designers to perform manufacturability evaluation. The design module is able to generate a very complicated user-defined feature and to provide feedback concerning potential manufacturing problems in the early design stage. Both proposed modules have been implemented on a Sun workstation using the ACIS geometric modeler, C++, and JAVA.
Career Counseling and Psychotherapy: False Dichotomies and Recommended Remedies
Authors: Hackett Gail
Published: March 2007

This paper addresses counseling psychology's ongoing concerns about the role of career counseling. First, a series of artificial distinctions exacerbating the rift between career and personal counseling are discussed. Of particular concern is the failure on the part of counselors, possibly associated with declining interest in the career realm, to properly assess and treat career-related concerns. Arguments for the continuing importance of career development and counseling are presented in the context of the increasing acknowledgement of the work/mental health interface within applied psychology and ethical imperatives to provide needed services to our clients. Second, some possible remedies for the current state of affairs are advanced, including enhancement of the theoretical basis of career research, improving our training in career assessment and counseling, and the integration of some recent trends in psychotherapy research.
Unidimensionality Versus Multidimensionality of the Career Decision Scale: A Critique of Martin, Sabourin, Laplante, and Coallier
Authors: Shimizu Kazuaki , Vondracek Fred W. , Schulenberg John
Published: March 2007

During the past 15 years the Career Decision Scale (CDS) has been used primarily to assess degree of indecision. Controversy has arisen around the issue of whether it should thus be considered a unidimensional measure or whether it is a multidimensional measure of several dimensions of career indecision. Although a number of studies reported significant empirical support for the multidimensionality of the CDS, a study by Martin, Sabourin, Laplante, and Coallier (1991) claimed to present evidence supporting its unidimensionality. The present study refutes those claims by demonstrating serious methodological and conceptual errors and omissions in the findings of Martin et al. (1991) and by presenting further empirical evidence in support of multidimensionality.
Cognitive Career Assessment: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Dowd Edmund Thomas
Published: March 2007

This article discusses conceptual models of cognitive assessment and describes a variety of cognitive assessment methods derived from those models. These strategies are then applied to the assessment of career undercommitment, overcommitment, work-related anxiety and depression, and work-related personality problems.
Application of Adaptive Counseling and Therapy to Career Counseling
Authors: Anderson Mary Z. , Tracey Terence J.
Published: March 2007

The relationship between client readiness to resolve career indecision and preference for counselors exhibiting varying levels of directiveness and supportiveness, as defined in Adaptive Counseling Therapy (ACT; Howard, Nance, & Myers, 1986), was examined. Questionnaires (the Adjective Checklist [ACL; Gough & Heilbrun, 1983], the Brief Symptom Inventory [BSI; Derogatis & Spencer, 1982], the Client Readiness Measure [CRM; Anderson, 1991], the Counselor Preference Measure [CPM; Anderson, 1991], and the Validity Scale [VS; Anderson, 1991]) were administered to 191 college undergraduates (137 females, 54 males; mean age = 19.4) enrolled in a career development course. As prescribed in ACT theory, a negative relationship between client readiness and preference for counselor directiveness, and a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U) between client readiness and Preference for Supportiveness were expected. Application of ACT theory to career counseling was partially supported by correlational analysis and an analysis of variance, each of which yielded a significant, negative relationship (p < .05) between client readiness and counselor directiveness. No relation was found between client readiness and counselor supportiveness.
Decision-Making Style as a Predictor of Career Decision-Making Status and Treatment Gains
Authors: Mau Wei-Cheng
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the predictability of rational decision- making style on career decision-making status and treatment gains based on a computer-based career intervention. Decision-making style, in relation to pretreatment career status as well as its efficacy in predicting intervention outcomes, was also examined. Seventy-four undecided university students participated in the study. Results show that employing decision-making strategies based on an individual's preference significantly increased students' career decidedness and decreased career indecision, choice anxiety, and reason complexity. Rational decision-making style is positively associated with career decidedness and negatively associated with the exploration stage of decision making; it is not, however, predictive of treatment gains.
Possible Selves: Applications for Career Counseling
Authors: Meara Naomi M. , Day Jeanne D. , Chalk Linda M. , Phelps Rosemary E.
Published: March 2007

Possible selves is a future-oriented, personalized, affect-laden, motivating form of self-knowledge, which provides a link between one's self-concept and incentives for future behavior, an interpretive framework for an individual's current views of self, and a way to link present behaviors with future outcomes. This article explores the usefulness of thinking about one's occupational future in the context of possible selves. Beneficial aspects of doing so include a personalization of career-related choices including their affective components, incentives to be planful, and an explicit focus on the future. Ideas are presented for applying possible selves to a career- counseling focus for racial/ethnic minorities and women. Cautions related to the construct and directions for research are explored.
The "Green" vs. Trade Debate in the Americas
Authors: Muñoz Heraldo
Published: March 2007

The relationship between trade and the environment has been the subject of lively debate in the Americas and elsewhere. This article analyzes the principal issues involved in the current discussion. Rather than attempting to draw definitive conclusions, the major points ofdebate are highlighted. The chief conclusion is that trade and environmental protection can and should be mutually supportive as part of a strategy of sustainable development.
Sexual harassment of the home health care aide in the home setting
Authors: Fournier Jacqueline P. , Hiers Mary M. , Johnson Susan D.
Published: March 2007

Sexual harassment of the home health care aide by patients or family members is a common occurrence, yet underreported and seldom addressed either in the literature or in practice. So cial and cultural factors often prohibit the aide from reporting incidents and affect the response of supervisory staff. Agencies and, more specifically, supervisors have a responsibility to pro tect home care aides in their primary work setting. The combined effort of education, practical strategies, and a validating agency policy provides the basis of a responsible and effective ap proach to confronting the issue of sexual harassment of the home care aide. Key words: sexual harassment, home care aide, empowerment, policy
Pulmonary aspiration of enteral feedings: A model for prevention
Authors: Ouellette Frances
Published: March 2007

As a cost-saving measure, more adults now receive complex home health care services each year. One such service is the safe administration of enteral feedings through a gastrostomy tube for adults with significant neurologic impairments. These adults are at high risk for pulmonary aspiration caused by gastroesophageal reflux of formula and gastric acids. Analysis of the etiol ogy and pathophysiology of pulmonary aspiration, pneumonitis, and pneumonia helps to estab lish a care plan for prevention. Key words: enteral feeding, pulmonary aspiration, prevention, home health care
The role of the home health nurse in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Buckalew Pamela G. , Esposito Linda M.
Published: March 2007

The home health nurse plays a vital role in providing supportive crisis intervention services to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) parents and extended family and friends. Current statis tical and epidemiological factors are discussed to prepare nurses to answer questions and coun sel families who have suffered the loss of a child to SIDS. Accurate information regarding the "Back to Sleep" campaign is important to counsel new parents and the newly bereaved parent. Terminology of SIDS and grief counseling must be carefully utilized. Through assessment and identification of normal grief patterns and complicated grief, the home health nurse can assist families and provide appropriate community resources. Telephone counseling and home visits are valuable tools that home health nurses may use in their role as community liaison between the SIDS Resource Center and other community resources. Key words: grief counseling, home health, nurse, SIDS
So you want to be in home care
Authors: Conradt David L.
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this article is to make nurses aware of some of the financial pitfalls that await them in starting a Medicare-certified home health agency (HHA). It is based on the author's financial and reimbursement experience with the industry and on the responses the author gets while conducting reimbursement seminars. The author has simplified the explanations here for the sake of readability. The details of a specific situation could affect outcomes in ways other than what are described. Key words: allowable expenses, cash flow, cost allocations, home health agency, Medicare, related parties
Local Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (Lblas) for Distributed Memory Architectures and Languages With Array Syntax
Authors: Johnsson S. Lennart , Ortiz Luis F.
Published: March 2007

We describe a subset of the level-1, level-2, and level-3 BLAS implemented for each node of the Connection Machine system CM-200. The routines, collectively called LBLAS, have interfaces consistent with lan guages with an array syntax such as Fortran 90. One novel feature, important for distributed memory archi tectures, is the capability of performing computations on multiple instances of objects in a single call. The number of instances and their allocation across mem ory units, and the strides for the different axes within the local memories, are derived from an array descrip tor that contains type, shape, and data distribution in formation. Another novel feature of the LBLAS is a se lection of loop order for rank-1 updates and matrix- matrix multiplication based on array shapes, strides, and DRAM page faults. The peak efficiencies for the routines are in excess of 75%. Matrix-vector multiplica tion achieves a peak efficiency of 92%. The optimiza tion of loop ordering has a success rate exceeding 99.8% for matrices for which the sum of the lengths of the axes is at most 60. The success rate is even higher for all possible matrix shapes. The performance loss when a nonoptimal choice is made is less than ∼15% of peak and typically less than 1% of peak. We also show that the performance gain for high-rank updates may be as much as a factor of 6 over rank-1 updates.
Globally Convex Agricultural Production System: Parameter Estimation
Authors: Somwaru Agapi L. , Hanson Kenneth
Published: March 2007

The goal of incorporating, into a computable general equilibrium model, an econometric model of agricul tural production that maintains flexibility and global convexity for a large number of inputs and outputs leads to a computationally complex estimation prob lem. We have developed and implemented an iterative least squares procedure to estimate the parameters of this nonlinear production system subject to nonlinear constraints imposed by the underlying economic the ory. The large computer memory of the Cornell Na tional Supercomputer Facility allows the estimation of this large, globally convex, flexible agricultural produc tion system.
Domain Decomposition Methods for Semiconductor Device Problems On a Cray S-MP
Authors: Lai C.-H.
Published: March 2007

A domain decomposition technique for the numerical solution of one-dimensional semiconductor device equations is implemented on a CRAY S-MP System 500 Matrix Coprocessor with 28 processing elements. A total work expression is constructed for comparison with the actual computing time of the parallel tech nique. We examine the behavior of the numerical method by using different configurations of the pro cessing elements within the parallel machine. We per form experiments on a number of devices including p-n junctions and thyristors.
Compositional Oil Reservoir Simulation in Fortran D: a Feasibility Study On Intel iPsc/860
Authors: Kremer Ulrich , Ramé Marcelo
Published: March 2007

This paper describes a study of the use of data-parallel languages such as Fortran D or High Performance For tran (HPF) and their compilation systems for existing large scientific applications. The central question ad dressed in this study is: Do such languages allow the parallelism available in the applications to be ex pressed so that the underlying compilation systems are able to generate efficient code for the specified parallelism?

Our experiments on Intel's iPSC/860 distributed- memory multiprocessor indicate that the Fortran D lan guage and its compilation system can exploit the par allelism that exists in computations related to reservoir modeling, provided that the code is written in data- parallel programming style. Additional experiments show that other machines and their compilation sys tems can also exploit the compile time information available for programs written in a data-parallel pro gramming style.
Parallel I/o as a pArallel Application
Authors: Moyer Steven A. , Sunderam Vaidy S.
Published: March 2007

Metacomputing environments provide a software plat form for implementing parallel applications utilizing networked computing resources. Such programming environments offer a cost-effective alternative to paral lel machines for many classes of problems. Unfortu nately, most metacomputing environments either pro vide no I/O facilities, or serialize all I/O requests and thus limit application performance and scalability. PIOUS is a parallel file system designed to incorporate true parallel I/O into existing metacomputing environ ments. Because PIOUS is itself a parallel application, the functionality of a given metacomputing environ ment is extended without modification. This paper ex amines the PIOUS software architecture and program ming model and presents preliminary results from a prototype PIOUS implementation. Performance results are encouraging, demonstrating the potential of the PIOUS architecture for achieving scalable file system bandwidth in a network computing environment.
Runtime Parallelization of the Finite Element Code Permas
Authors: Ast Markus , Jerez T. , Labarta Jesus , Manz Hartmut , Pérez Andres , Schulz Uwe , Solé Jaume
Published: March 2007

The general-purpose finite element system PERMAS has been ported to parallel computer architectures within the scope of the ESPRIT project EUROPORT-1. The kernel of this 1 M lines of code has been restructured in such a way that parallelism is automatically identified and exploited at runtime. This paper describes the general structure of the approach and the evaluations and models carried out to analyze the potential performance of different algorithms. The study shows the performance bounds of the applica tion, the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms, and the influence of architectural parameters of the target ma chine. The paper also describes some issues of relevance of the approach for such an industrial code. Among them, issues of compatibility with previous versions, reduction of future development, and maintenance costs are addressed.
Entrepreneurial Training - A Pilot Study
Authors: Jones A.N.
Published: March 2007

This article is designed to provide an account of a pilot scheme to develop entrepreneurial skills among a group of Irish Managers. The background to entrepreneurial training in Ireland is covered in addition to a commentary on the infrastructure of the region where the training workshop was held. Details of selection criteria, curriculum content, workshop evaluation and results are included. Finally, a number of questions for further research arising from the study are raised.
2. South Pacific
Authors: Engelsmann F.
Published: March 2007

Many studies tend to show that cultural deprivation plays an important part in depressing intellectual performance. In that respect, P. MOFFITT, B. NURCOMBE, and M. PASSMORE, and A. McNEILLY relate a rural preschool program which seems to have determined marked gains in terms of language development and visual-motor performance among aboriginal and white children living in an Australian community. Balinese folk psychiatry is briefly described by S. R. DEAN and D. THONG, with an evaluation of the social and therapeutic virtues of native treatment of mental illness.
Maternal identity in preterm birth
Authors: Reid Tilly
Published: March 2007

■ The development of maternal identity appears to be considerably delayed in the event of preterm birth.

■ Women with high risk pregnancies may be afforded some protection by means of adaptation prior to birth.

■ Tactile contact appears to make the experience more real for women who are attempting to make the transition to motherhood.

■ Even in a group of moderate risk preterm infants, the psychological challenges facing mothers experiencing neonatal intensive care are considerable.

■ Conflicting responsibilities and time pressures contribute significantly to the stressful experience of mothers in NICU.
Review : Children's competency to consent: an ethical dilemma
Authors: Spencer Grace E
Published: March 2007

■ The application of the best interests principle in current legislation creates an ethical dilemma in relation to children's consent to treatment.

■ The guiding principle of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) symbolises a formal expression of children's participation rights.

■ Children's rights to consent to treatment are granted on socially determined ideals of competency.

■ Children's participation in health care is increasingly advocated in legislation but many barriers remain.

■ Nurses can facilitate children's participation through communicating information and creating partnerships with children.
Review : Making the invisible, visible
Authors: Warner Helen katherine
Published: March 2007

■ Special needs children experience all the difficulties experienced by any child admitted to hospital although these are hugely magnified.

■ Parents continue to carry the burden of care, even after hospital admission, when their child has complex needs.

■ Nurses need to remember that these children have all the needs of any child in addition to needs specific to their disability.

■ Nurses should focus what the child can do, rather than what they cannot do.
More sugar?
Authors: Kehily Mary Jane
Published: March 2007

Teenage magazines such as More' and Sugar have been the subject of some controversy in Britain recently. Media attention has indicated that such magazines are too sexually explicit for young women and one Member of Parliament declared that the magazines 'rob girls of their innocence'. This paper will look at the ways in which magazines aimed at an adolescent female market can be seen as a cultural resource for teaching and learnmg about issues of sexuality. The paper will explore the ways in which sexual issues are presented for young women through the magazine format. This is followed by an analysis of the ways in which young women read, discuss and negotiate these media messages. Using ethnographic material drawn from school-based research and textual analysis of teenage magazines, the paper suggests that there is a complex process of negotiation where young people read the material and the messages within the social context of friendship groups and personal experiences. Acts of readership within the school context produce enactments of femininity and masculinity which can be seen as 'gender displays', offering a sphere for the constitution and public exhibition of sex-gender identities.
From American sociology to cultural studies
Authors: Denzin Norman K.
Published: March 2007

Standard American sociology's criticisms of cultural studies are reviewed. A performance-based cultural studies model is presented. Empirical materials from an on-going study of the media and audience interpretation are discussed.
India, the European Union and Geographical Indications: Convergence of Interests and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Chaturvedi Sachin
Published: March 2007

In recent past geographical indication (GI) has emerged as one of the important instruments of intellectual property protection. The TRIPs committee should work towards clearing the confusion about interpretation of the Doha Declaration. While some countries, including Bulgaria, the EU and India, insist that the Doha Declar ation contains a clear mandate for negotiations, others, such as Argentina, dispute this interpretation. Nevertheless, India and the EU have jointly initiated some ef forts to strengthen the protection of GIs.

The awareness among the developing countries has also increased manifold, a series of proposals to widen the list of geographical indications being a clear evidence of this. However, apart from getting GIs protected, developing countries would also have to take care of maintaining and ensuring the quality of their GI-protected products.
Get Rid of Incompetent Teachers, Any Way You Can!
Authors: Covrig Duane M.
Published: March 2007

This case explores one principal's struggle to justify her course of action to "get rid" of an ineffective teacher. It focuses on her justifications as she contemplates her moral actions and some of her tactics. This case touches on many themes: ethical decision making, professionalism, supervision, personnel law, teacher unions and tenure. The teaching notes summarize several uses for this case but focus primarily on the organizational and interpersonal context of professional accountability in educational administration.
Making an Appropriate Special Education Placement: Conflict Abounds!
Authors: White George P. , Mayes Thomas A.
Published: March 2007

An upcoming IEP meeting with unhappy parents who are demanding a change in placement from a segregated public school for students with behavioral disorders to a “home school” placement, a reluctant if not hostile teaching staff to the change, a “forceful attorney, and a “behaviorally challenged” and angry student. What is a principal to do? What does the law say needs to be done? What actions should the principal take with the teaching staff? What can/should the principal do at the meeting? How does the concept of Least Restrictive Environment of IDEA affect the actions to be taken in this case? These are some of the key questions presented by this case drawn from court documents.
Do You Hear What I Hear?
Authors: Czaja Marion , Harris Carl , Reed Dianne
Published: March 2007

“ Do You Hear What I Hear?” is a case study written to challenge students who are in the process of earning a superintendent’s certificate. The issues presented in this scenario encourage superintendents to consider communication practices employed with the Board of Trustees and the community. Several theories and models would be appropriate to address the problems presented. Among these are the open systems model, concepts of power, a communications model, leadership style, and conflict management. Legal issues may also be considered. Aspiring superintendents will have the opportunity to recognize and problem solve different situations among personalities that include parents, teachers, and community members in a school district.
Anisotropically Phase-segregated Co9S8/PdSx Nanoacorns: Stability Improvement and New Heterostructures
Authors: Teranishi Toshiharu , Inoue Youhei , Saruyama Masaki , Nakaya Masafumi , Kanehara Masayuki
Published: March 2007

Stability of anisotropically phase-segregated Co9S8/PdSx nanoacorns, which we recently prepared, was improved by the addition of oleic acid or oleylamine as a stabilizer. Further investigations on the experimental conditions implied the formation of more complex PdSx/Co9S8/PdSx and Co9S8/PdSx/Co9S8 heterostructured nanoparticles.
Implementing Sponsored Search in Web Search Engines: Computational Evaluation of Alternative Mechanisms
Authors: Feng Juan , Bhargava Hemant K. , Pennock David M.
Published: March 2007

The practice of sponsored search advertising—where advertisers pay a fee to appear alongside particular Web search results—is now one of the largest and fastest growing source of revenue for Web search engines. We model and compare several mechanisms for allocating sponsored slots, including stylized versions of those used by Overture and Google, the two biggest brokers of sponsored search. The performance of these mechanisms depends on the degree of correlation between providers’ willingness to pay and their relevance to the search term. Ranking providers based on the product of relevance and bid price performs well and is robust across varying degrees of correlation. Ranking purely based on bid price fares nearly as well when bids and relevance are positively correlated (the expected regime), and is further enhanced by adding an editorial filter. Regardless of the allocation mechanism, sponsored search revenues are lower when users’ attention decays quickly at lower ranks, emphasizing the need to develop better user interfaces and control features. The search engine can address initial inscience of relevance scores by modifying rank allocations over time as it observes clickthroughs at each rank. We propose a rank-revision strategy that weights clicks on lower ranked items more than clicks on higher ranked items. This method is shown to converge to the optimal (maximum revenue) ordering faster and more consistently than other methods.
Using USCAP’s Analytical Models, the Transportation Security Administration Balances the Impacts of Aviation Security Policies on Passengers and Airlines
Authors: Peterson Robert M. , Bittel Raymond H. , Forgie Christopher A. , Lee William H. , Nestor John J.
Published: March 2007

The United States Commercial Aviation Partnership (USCAP), a group of government and industry stakeholders, combined several operations research methods in an analytical process and model that encompasses the US commercial aviation industry, including travelers, airlines, airports, airline and airport suppliers, government agencies, and travel and tourism entities. With input from these stakeholders, the model, combining system dynamics and econometrics, evaluates the effects of proposed security measures over 25 years. It enables all stakeholders to share a common understanding of these effects and helps government decision makers to improve security without undue and unforeseen operational and economic impact. The model uses linear and nonlinear programming, single and multivariate regression, system dynamics, econometrics, and Monte Carlo simulation. Since 2004, the government has considered the model results in determining policies for screening and credentialing airport employees, screening passengers and cargo, determining security staffing levels, and charging security fees. All participating stakeholders reviewed each analysis for acceptability. Based on the model’s success, they envision extending its use to include nonsecurity policy issues.

September 11, 2001, the day commercial airplanes became weapons of mass destruction, is personal to many of us and has changed our perspectives on our lives and our world. The official death toll in the attacks was 2,986, including the airline passengers and airline crew members, workers and visitors in the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the police and firefighters, and the 19 hijackers. The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) halted all flight operations at the nation’s airports for the first time in US history and swiftly grounded the approximately 5,000 commercial aircraft that were in flight. Only military aircraft were flying over the US for the rest of that and the next few days. The events of that day left the airline industry and its supporting companies financially devastated.
Omya Hustadmarmor Optimizes Its Supply Chain for Delivering Calcium Carbonate Slurry to European Paper Manufacturers
Authors: Dauzère-Pérès Stéphane , Nordli Atle , Olstad Asmund , Haugen Kjetil , Koester Ulrich , Per Olav Myrstad , Teistklub Geir , Reistad Alf
Published: March 2007

The Norwegian company Omya Hustadmarmor supplies calcium carbonate slurry to European paper manufacturers from a single processing plant, using chemical tank ships of various sizes to transport its products. Transportation costs are lower for large ships than for small ships, but their use increases planning complexity and creates problems in production. In 2001, the company faced overwhelming operational challenges and sought operations-research-based planning support. The CEO, Sturla Steinsvik, contacted Møre Research Molde, which conducted a project that led to the development of a decision-support system (DSS) for maritime inventory routing. The core of the DSS is an optimization model that is solved through a metaheuristic-based algorithm. The system helps planners to make stronger, faster decisions and has increased predictability and flexibility throughout the supply chain. It has saved production and transportation costs close to US$7 million a year. We project additional direct savings of nearly US$4 million a year as the company adds even larger ships to the fleet as a result of the project. In addition, the company has avoided investments of US$35 million by increasing capacity utilization. Finally, the project has had a positive environmental effect by reducing overall oil consumption by more than 10 percent.
Diabetic Truncal Mononeuropathy — A New Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Ellenberg Max
Published: March 2007

Although diabetic mononeuropathy affecting the cranial and peripheral nerves is well recognized, there is little known or documented about diabetic mononeuropathy affecting the thoracic nerves, i.e., the truncal nerves. This series of 40 cases attests to its frequency; equal sex distribution; significance in differential diagnosis including coronary artery disease, intra-abdominal surgical diseases such as gallbladder pathology and appendicitis, pleurisy, and neoplasms. Truncal mononeuropathy has characteristics that differ from those of other diabetic mononeuropathies in that it is primarily sensory and typically not a first manifestation of clinical diabetes, whereas the other forms of diabetic mononeuropathy are primarily motor in effect and not infrequently may be the initial clinical presenting manifestation of diabetes. Finally, diabetic truncal mononeuropathy has a good prognosis.
Urine Glucose Tests for Diabetic Patients with Impaired Vision
Authors: Free Alfred H , Free Helen M
Published: March 2007

A colorimetric test procedure called Mega-Diastix is described for detection and measurement of glucose in urine. The test is designed for use by diabetic patients with impaired vision. Data establishing the performance capabilities of this rapid, convenient test are presented. As an internal standard, the recommended procedure utilizes effervescent control tablets for preparation of simulated urine. Also described is a touch fermentation test for detection of urinary glucose by totally blind patients. Data are given that demonstrate the accuracy and ease of performance of this test, which entails a rapid yeast fermentation. An internal standard is also incorporated into the procedure for this test.
Noneffect of Methyldopa on Urine Glucose Tests
Authors: Bowers Charles B , Self Timothy H
Published: March 2007

Methyldopa has been reported to cause a false-positive urine glucose test by the copper reduction method (Clinitest). We investigated the effect of methyldopa on urine glucose tests in 30 patients by comparing commonly used glucose oxidase methods to Clinitest. The results of our study indicate that methyldopa does not interfere with the copper reduction method for urine glucose determination.