bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sądowa kontrola decyzji organów regulacyjnych poprzez ich uchylanie
Authors: Szydło Marek
Published: April 2024

This monography analyzes the legal dimension of judicial control of decisions of Polish sector regulatory authorities which is exercised by ordinary courts. It is concerned primarily with the specific form of court decisions: judgments repealing decisions of regulatory authorities. The work shows that the judgment of an ordinary court repealing decision of a regulatory authority is a substantive decision, which resolves the substance of an administrative matter and constitutes a specific manifestation of the authoritative judicial concretisation of the norm of substantive administrative law. In contrast, such a judgment is not of a cassatory nature and does not refer the case back to the regulatory authority. The monography concerns regulatory authorities in the energy, electronic communications, post, rail transport and water management sectors, while among the courts the judgments of the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection, the Court of Appeal in Warsaw and the Supreme Court are analyzed. The scope of the book covers Polish law and European Union law, against the background of the theoretical structure of an administrative matter and making comparisons with other legal institutions of judicial and instance control of administrative and judicial decisions.
Updating the methodology for considering the aerodynamic impact from trains on high-speed railways
Authors: Labutin Nikita , D'yachenko Leonid , Lukovnikov Egor
Published: April 2024

In the calculation of structures located near railway tracks (noise protection screens along the tracks, overpasses over high-speed railway lines (HSM) of deck elements with downhill driving, etc.), the aerodynamic effects of high-speed trains shall be considered. Objective: study of the aerodynamic impact of a moving high-speed train on structures and structures, Located in the immediate vicinity of the highspeed railway line with subsequent adjustment of the current regulatory framework for the design of TSM infrastructure facilities. Methods: mathematical modeling in a specialized software complex of computational hydrogas dynamics with experimental verification of the developed calculation models and subsequent analysis and generalization of the obtained results. Results: distribution patterns and aerodynamic intensities from a moving high-speed train for the two most characteristic design cases: impact on a vertical surface parallel to the track axis and on a horizontal surface, located above the axis of train movement. For the calculation cases under consideration, the intensity of the impact was related to parameters such as the distance to the structure from the path axis (for the vertical surface) and the height above the rail head (for the horizontal surface). Practical importance: the need Development of proposals for adjustment and addition of the current regulatory framework for the design of structures and structures included in the infrastructure of high-speed railway lines.
Comparison of the length of the braking tracks of a freight train with single-pipe and double-tube power supply of the braking system
Authors: Osipov Dmitry , Ivanov Pavel , Hamnaeva Alena , Pronin Konstantin
Published: April 2024

Objective: to perform a comparative analysis of the length of the braking distance of a freight train with a single-pipe and two-pipe brake system supply. Based on the laboratory studies carried out, to identify the effect of the speed and amount of filling of brake cylinders on the calculated braking distance of freight rolling stock when using brake systems with two-pipe and single-pipe supply of a spare tank. These studies are aimed at improving the technical speed and safety of freight trains, as well as improving the efficiency of the braking system during cyclic braking, in order to reduce its depletion. Methods: analysis of the filling rate of the brake cylinders, in order to determine the time of preparation of the brakes for action, depending on the method of organizing the power supply of the brake system; comparison of the length of the preparatory and actual braking distance according to the method of speed intervals proposed in the Rules of traction calculations. It was also assumed that the train was braking to a complete stop on a straight horizontal section of the track, with air leaks from the brake cylinders throughout the train. Results: it was revealed that a two-pipe braking system allows to develop a significantly greater braking effect than a singlepipe braking system with a similar technical condition of the pneumatic train system. As a result, with the new method of powering the reserve tank, there is a significant reduction in the time required to prepare the brakes for action, as well as a reduction in the length of the full braking distance. Practical significance: it has been proven that the use of a new braking system will improve the efficiency of the braking system, which leads to a reduction in braking distance. This, in turn, will improve the safety and speed of trains along the sections, as well as increase the average weight of trains.
Improving transport technological processes of the railway network
Authors: Kovalev Konstantin , Novichihin Alexey
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To increase the efficiency of the railway transport network through the mutually beneficial interaction of lines of various categories. Methods: Methods of control theory, system analysis, synthesis and mathematical modeling were used. Results: The tools for determining the optimal location of logistics centers using the center of gravity method have been improved by taking into account the criteria for minimizing transport costs, category, specialization and social significance of the line, as well as determining the weight values of the criteria using the hierarchy analysis method. Practical significance: The proposed tools allow you to determine the location of the logistics center at the intersection of intensive and lowintensity railway lines, taking into account the criteria for minimizing transport costs, the specialization of the line and the social significance of the lines for the regions under consideration.
The functional model of the united source of the integrated system of synchronization and delivery of the time scale for a large and distributed technological purpose system
Authors: Kanaev Andrey , Oparin Evgeniy , Oparina Ekaterina
Published: April 2024

Purpose: to develop scientific and technical proposals and requirements for building sources of synchrosignals and messages of a single time for the integrated system of synchronization and delivery of the time scale depending on the requirements in frequency-time support signals and the current communication chain architecture in the framework of solving a unified synchronization system in phase time and the frequency in large territorially distributed and industrial technological systems. Methods: the applied research methods include the fundamental provisions of the theory of constructing synchronization systems, as well as infocommunication systems and networks. Results: a functional model of a united source of the integrated system of synchronization and delivery of the time scale, which includes a complete set of elements to perform the functions of synchronization and delivery of single-time signals in existing and promising complex heterogeneous networks with various architecture and heterogeneous equipment that differs from the existing fully taking into account the existing ones in Currently, technologies for delivery of single time and frequency signals, both on the basis of switching packages and on the basis of switching of channels. The proposed functional model of the united source of the integrated system of synchronization and delivery of the time scale will allow to reasonably approach the design of the means of transmitting and delivering single time and frequency signals to various and heterogeneous communication networks, taking into account all the needs for frequency-time support signals and limiting existing communication networks. Practical significance: the use of sources of single-time and frequency signals, which are based on the proposed functional model, will ensure a flexible infrastructure to ensure the unity of the unity of the unified time and clock network synchronization necessary for the correct functioning of communication equipment; Satisfy the requirements of synchronization signals and uniform messages for promising and existing consumers as much as possible; ensure the possibility of a phased transition of the construction of communication networks from the technologies of the channels to the technology of switching packages due to flexibility in the use of routes and transmission systems necessary for the spread of synchrosignals and uniform messages.
Development of a methodology for determining the parameters of the transformation of coordinate systems based on the first-order nonlinear programming method when accompanying the construction of buildings and structures
Authors: Schenyavskaya Lyudmila , Shevchenko Grittel' , Kovalenko Polina
Published: April 2024

Objective: to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of existing nonlinear programming methods for solving problems of coordinate system transformation (SC). To consider the need to convert the coordinates of points from local SC to urban. To determine the possibility of using the generalized reduced gradient method to transform the coordinates of points located both at a distance between points of about 150 m and at a distance of about 1.5 km. Methods: the theoretical foundations of this method are revealed. Information is provided on the procedure for performing transformations of coordinate systems. The algorithm of the generalized reduced gradient (OPG) method is given. A study has been conducted on the transformation of coordinate systems of starting points from SK1 to SK2 using the OPG method. The requirement for the value of the mean square error (SQR) of determining the position of the starting points when converting them from one coordinate system to another is justified. Results: a check was performed on the possibility of applying the obtained transformation parameters to recalculate the coordinates of points from the local SC to the city SC. Based on the verification of the obtained transformation parameters, the possibility of using them to recalculate the coordinates of points located at a distance of about 1,5 km was revealed. The need for additional research on the application of the generalized reduced gradient method to solve coordinate system transformation problems has been identified. Practical significance: the necessity of transformation of coordinate systems in the field of construction of buildings and structures is shown. The possibility of applying the generalized reduced gradient method to transform coordinate systems is presented. Using this method will allow you to convert the coordinates of the starting points from the local coordinate system to the coordinate system of the city with geodetic support for the construction of buildings and structures of various categories.
Features of the use of BIG DATA in the study of freight traffic on railway transport
Authors: Yarmolinskiy Fedor , Pokrovskaya Oksana , Pasechnik Ekaterina , Pakulina Elena , Trapeznikov Aleksandr
Published: April 2024

Objective: to characterize the features and prospects of using big data tools and technologies in the management of the transportation process on railways. Methods: neural network modeling, system analysis, forecasting, programming, big data, predictive analytics. Results: a datalogical model of entities for storing up-to-date data on cargo flows is proposed, and a structure for building a system for accumulating information is proposed. In addition, the paper examines the applied issues of solving the problems of storing, receiving and processing data using big data methods. Practical significance: Improving the management of railway transportation processes in the context of digital transformation in terms of obtaining more accurate forecasts.
The transition from the inventory value of real estate to the cadastral value in the taxation of real estate of individuals: the process and its consequences
Authors: Merkushova Viktoriya , Afonin Dmitriy , Polikarpov Anatoly
Published: April 2024

Purpose: to consider the process of changing the calculation of taxation in Russia in recent years, its procedure and the consequences of changing the calculation of real estate tax. To show the need to change the introduced progressive scale of property tax for owners of residential facilities. To assess the possibility of changing the methods of calculating the base for taxation of individuals. Methods: analysis of the chronology of the establishment of taxes in the Russian Federation and the transition of recalculation of land tax in time. Comparison of tax calculation by inventory and cadastral values, property taxes in the Russian Federation. Results: the main reasons preventing the formation of an objective base for property taxation are identified: the insufficiency and unreliability of the information used, including at the initial stage of applying mass valuation of property as initial data and the imperfection of the developed methodology of cadastral valuation. Practical significance: historically, with the formation of states, a fiscal system was introduced. Taxation of real estate in modern Russia is regulated by a set of regulatory documents. Among the basic concepts of the field of taxation, the concept of the real estate tax base should be highlighted – the monetary expression of income from the sale of an immovable object. Thus, in recent years, changes have been made in the definition of the real estate tax base, which has a key impact on the formation of both the value and valuation of real estate and the formation of the fiscal policy itself in Russia. This article examines the process of changing the calculation of taxation in Russia in recent years, its procedure and the consequences of changing the calculation of real estate tax.
Review of methods for monitoring and diagnosing electrical energy storage systems
Authors: SI ChZhEN'ChAO , Konstantinov Konstantin
Published: April 2024

Goal: review of the current situation and perspective directions for the development of technology for testing electrical energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries. Methods: using literature analysis, a review and systematization of the history of lithium-ion battery system monitoring technology development was conducted and the advantages and disadvantages of the most common state of charge (SOC) methods were compared. Results: lithium-ion battery systems represent an inevitable trend in the future of electrochemical energy storage. To increase their stability and economic efficiency, it is necessary that diagnostic systems allow the internal parameters of the battery to be determined with sufficient accuracy and the types of faults to be quickly determined. In the future, research in this area will continue to improve the accuracy of data acquisition systems and create accurate digital battery models. Practical significance: a review and systematization of the history of development of technology for monitoring the condition of lithium-ion battery systems was carried out in order to identify current problems and promising directions for future research in this area.
Determination of the volumes of useful and excess regenerative energy of the electric rolling stock of the urban electric transport
Authors: Katsay Aleksander , Sharyakov Vladimir , Sharyakova Ol'ga
Published: April 2024

Objective: consider the need to accurately determine the total amount of energy that a rolling stock generates during the conversion of mechanical braking energy into electrical energy. To show the need for the formation of measures to increase the volume of useful recovery. Methods: the use of well-known analytical expressions and the results of races obtained during the operation of electric rolling stock of urban electric transport on routes. Results: it is shown that the proposed method for determining the volumes of useful and excess regenerative energy allows us to accurately determine the energy balance in the contact network of urban electric transport. Practical importance: it is shown that the volumes of useful and excess energy recovery largely depend on seasonal changes in power and duration of non-traction load in the contact network and, consequently, on weather conditions during operation on the route. Data on the volumes of useful and excessive recovery create an opportunity for energy services of transport enterprises to develop energy saving measures.
The Risk Factors and Hospital Mortality of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients in Prepandemic and During Pandemic COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arasyi Hidtsa Aqila Noor , Pratama Rizky , Saputra Muhammad Hendi
Published: April 2024

Highlights:
1. COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the interesting subject to discuss due to its large scale impact.
2. PCI is one of the popularly known method to screen COVID-19, however, depending on the prior screening, this may or may not be conducted. Thus, its frequency is reviewed in this study.
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Backgroud: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health issue that impact healthcare systems. COVID-19 infections affect the risk factors and mortality in patients undergoing PCI. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in risk factors and mortality rates of patients undergoing PCI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: We performed a systematic search on risk factors and hospital mortality of PCI patients in prepandemic and during pandemic COVID-19. Study reporting patient after year 2022 are excluded. The article published between 2019 - 2022. The literature selection was conducted following the PRISMA algorithm.
Result: Eight journals were utilized, ensuring their relevance, compatibility, and adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, it is explained that there has been a decrease in the number of patients undergoing PCI procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase of risk factor and there is no significant different hospital mortality of PCI patients before and during pandemic.
Use of Soil Moisture as an Indicator for Climate Change, Using the SUPer System
Authors: Galvincio Josicleda , Miranda Rodrigo , Luz Gabrielly
Published: April 2024

Soil moisture can be an important indicator of climate change in humid and semi-arid areas. This indicator can more efficiently propose different public policies related to climate change than just using precipitation and temperature data. Given the above, the objective of this study is to evaluate changes in soil moisture in the state of Pernambuco during the period 1961-2021, using the System of Hydrological Response Units for Pernambuco. In this study, two river basins in the state of Pernambuco that represent the different climatic conditions of the state will be chosen. The results show that in the coastal region, there is a tendency towards more saturated soils, and in the semi-arid region, there is a tendency towards drier soils. With these results, it is possible to conclude that public policy decisions for the economy, environment, and society must consider this vital water balance variable.
Novel Variants Linked to the Prodromal Stage of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Patients
Authors: Badawy Marwa T. , Salama Aya , Salama Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Background and objective: Symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), usually do not occur until substantial neuronal loss occurs. This makes the process of early diagnosis very challenging. Hence, this research used variant call format (VCF) analysis to detect variants and novel genes that could be used as prognostic indicators in the early diagnosis of prodromal PD.

Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and we analyzed prodromal patients with gVCF data collected in the 2021 cohort. A total of 304 participants were included, including 100 healthy controls, 146 prodromal genetic individuals, 21 prodromal hyposmia individuals, and 37 prodromal RBDs. A pipeline was developed to process the samples from gVCF to reach variant annotation and pathway and disease association analysis.

Results: Novel variant percentages were detected in the analyzed prodromal subgroups. The prodromal subgroup analysis revealed novel variations of 1.0%, 1.2%, 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.4% for the genetic male, genetic female, hyposmia male, hyposmia female, RBD male, and RBD female, respectively. Interestingly, 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) that were recently detected in PD patients were detected in the prodromal stage of PD.

Conclusion: Genetic biomarkers are crucial for the early detection of Parkinson’s disease and its prodromal stage. The novel PD genes detected in prodromal patients could aid in the use of gene biomarkers for early diagnosis of the prodromal stage without relying only on phenotypic traits.
Assessing the Sound and Heat Insulation Characteristics of Nonwoven Composite Structures: Evaluation of Polypropylene (PP)/Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) Meltblown, Polyamide Nanofiber Inner Layers and Recycled Polyester (r-PET) Thermo Bonded Outer
Authors: ÇİNÇİK Emel , ASLAN Eda
Published: April 2024

The sound and heat insulation are among the most important concerns in modern life and nonwoven composite structures are highly effective in noise reduction and heat insulation. In this study, three layered nonwoven composite structures composed of recycled polyester (r-Pet) based thermo bonded nonwoven outer layer and meltblown nonwovens from PP and PBT as inner layers were formed to provide heat and sound insulation. Fiber fineness and cross section of thermo bonded outer layer, fiber type (PP/PBT), areal weight (100/200g/m2) and process conditions (calendared/non-calendared) of meltblown inner layer have changed systematically and the influence of these parameters on thickness, bulk density, air permeability, sound absorption coefficient and thermal resistance of composite structures were analyzed statistically. Also; the results were compared with composite structures including electrospun nano fiber web inner layer and with structures without inner layer. It was determined that sound absorption coefficients ranging between 0.77-0.98 for moderate sound frequencies and 0.99-1 for higher sound frequencies were acquired with developed nonwoven composite structures. Besides, higher sound absorption coefficients were obtained as 0.71 and 0.74 for low sound frequencies such as 800 and 1000Hz, respectively. As a result of this study it can be concluded that developed nonwoven composite structures that provides better sound absorption coefficients and similar thermal conductivity values compared to previous studies and materials in the market can be used as insulation material in required areas.
A Mathematical Model of Disease
Authors: Schnitzler Marc
Published: April 2024

The identification of fetal cells in the blood and tissues of healthy mothers raised questions about the potential alloreactive origins of various diseases, such as autoimmunity, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and cancer. However, the extent to which alloreactivity contributes to these diseases remains unverified. This study presents a basic mathematical disease model based on the genes’ origin and immunological interactions. This model, grounded in set theory, classifies these immunological interactions based on their intrinsic, extrinsic, and allogeneic nature. Therefore, this model offers an unexpected common theoretical foundation for understanding alloreactivity, genetic diseases, and infections. Furthermore, this model provides a valuable framework for scrutinizing the role of alloreactivity in health and disease.
Polymerase I as a Target for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: LeDoux Mark Steven
Published: April 2024

Polymerase I (Pol I) is at the epicenter of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Pol I is a target for treatment of cancer. Given the many cellular commonalities between cancer and neurodegeneration (i.e., different faces of the same coin) it seems rational to consider targeting of Pol I or, more generally, rRNA synthesis for treatment of disorders associated with the death of terminally differentiated neurons. Principally, ribosomes synthesize proteins and, accordingly, Pol I can be considered the starting point for protein synthesis. Given that cellular accumulation of abnormal proteins such as α-synuclein and tau is an essential feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease and fronto-temporal dementia, reduction of protein production is now considered as a viable target for treatment of these and closely related neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormalities in polymerase I activity and rRNA production may also be associated with nuclear and nucleolar stress, DNA damage, and childhood onset neuronal death as is the case for the UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome. Moreover, restraining the activity of Pol I may be a viable strategy to slow aging. Before starting down the road of Pol I inhibition for treating non-cancerous disorders of the nervous system, many questions must be answered. First, how much Pol I inhibition can neurons tolerate and for how long? Should inhibition of Pol I be continuous or pulsed? Will cells compensate for Pol I inhibition by upregulating the number of active rDNAs? At present, we have no effective and safe disease modulatory treatments for Alzheimer disease, α-synucleinopathies, or tauopathies, and novel therapeutic targets and approaches must be explored.
Targeted Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis: a Case for Antigen-specific Tregs
Authors: Stauss Hans , Zhong Yiya
Published: April 2024

Multiple sclerosis is an autoinflammatory condition that results in damage of myelinated neurons in affected patients. While disease-modifying treatments have been successful in slowing the progression of relapsing remittent disease, most patients still progress to secondary progressive disease that is largely unresponsive to disease-modifying treatments. Similarly, there is currently no effective treatment for patients with primary progressive MS. Innate and adaptive immune cells in the CNS play a critical role in initiating an autoimmune attack and in maintaining the chronic inflammation that drives disease progression. In this review, we will focus on recent insights into the role of T cells with regulatory function in suppressing the progression of MS, and, more importantly, in promoting the remyelination and repair of MS lesions in the CNS. We will discuss the exciting opportunity to genetically reprogram regulatory T cells to achieve immune suppression and enhance repair locally at sites of tissue damage, while retaining a fully competent immune system outside the CNS. In the future, reprogramed regulatory T cells with defined specificity and function may provide life medicines that can persist in patients and achieve lasting disease suppression after one cycle of treatment.
Effect of Feed Mass, Reactor Temperature and Time on Yield of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil Produced via a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Papuga Saša , Savković Jelena , Djurdjevic Milica , Ciprioti Stefano Vecchio
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of investigations into the pyrolysis of waste polypropylene in a laboratory fixed-bed batch reactor. The experiments were designed and verified in such a way as to allow the application of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the development of an empirical mathematical model that quantifies the impacts mentioned above. The influence of the mass of the raw material (50, 100 and 150 g), together with the reactor temperature (450, 475 and 500 °C) and the reaction time (45, 50 and 75 min) was examined. It has been shown that the mass of the raw material, i.e. the filling volume of the reactor, has a significant influence on the pyrolysis oil yield. This influence exceeds the influence of reactor temperature and reaction time. This was explained by observing the temperature change inside the reactor at three different spots at the bottom, middle and top of the reactor. Recorded temperature diagrams show that with greater masses of feedstock, local overheating occurs in the middle part of the reactor, which leads to overcracking of vapor products, and from there to an increased formation of non-condensable gases, i.e. reduced yield of pyrolytic oil.
Treatment and healing of Leishmaniasis in a Wolf in Semi-captivity Regime from an Educational Center of Zamora Province (Spain)
Authors: MERINO-GOYENECHEA JAVIER , PALACIOS-ALBERTI JESUS , YANES-MARTÍNEZ TOMAS , MARTÍNEZ-VALLADARES MARÍA , BALAÑA-FOUCE RAFAEL
Published: April 2024

Leishmaniasis in wild canids is a vector-borne disease caused in Europe by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. To date, there is limited information on clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities in wolves due to leishmaniasis. The current clinical case report described a female Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) housed in semi-captivity conditions at the Centro del Lobo Ibérico “Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente”, in Robledo de Sanabria, Zamora (Spain) with an interdigital ulcerous wound at the right forepaw, hyper-gammaglobulinemia, and abnormal liver blood parameters. Definitive serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis was established using antileishmanial serum antibodies and PCR analysis of different biological samples. A gold standard anti-L. infantum treatment protocol consisting in intramuscular meglumine antimoniate and oral allopurinol combination was installed. However, the presence of pain at the site of injection due to meglumine antimoniate administration forced its substitution by oral miltefosine. A progressive reduction of the levels of anti-L. infantum serum antibodies and the concentrations of gamma-globulin fraction was detected after antileishmanial treatment as well as a decline of liver GPT. To our knowledge, this is the first case of leishmaniasis diagnosed in a wolf housed in semi-captivity conditions treated and successfully cured.
Polyphenols of the Inuleae-Inulinae and Their Biological Activities: A Review
Authors: Malarz Janusz , Michalska Klaudia , Stojakowska Anna
Published: April 2024

Polyphenols are ubiquitous plant metabolites that demonstrate biological activities essential to the plant-environment interactions. They are of interest to plant food consumers, as well as to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. The class of the plant metabolites comprises both widespread (chlorogenic acids, luteolin, quercetin) and unique compounds of diverse chemical structures but of the common biosynthetic origin. Polyphenols, next to sesquiterpenoids are regarded as the major class of the Inuleae-Inulinae metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of medicinal plants from the subtribe (Blumea spp., Dittrichia spp., Inula spp., Pulicaria spp. and others). Recent decades have brought a rapid development of molecular and analytical techniques which resulted in better understanding of the taxonomic relationships within the Inuleae tribe and in a plethora of data concerning the chemical constituents of the Inuleae-Inulinae. The current taxonomical classification has introduced changes in the well-established botanical names and rearranged the genera based on molecular plant genetic studies. The newly created chemical data together with the earlier phytochemical studies may provide some complementary information on biochemical relationships within the subtribe. Moreover, they may at least partly explain pharmacological activities of the plant preparations traditionally used in therapy. The current review aimed to systematize the knowledge on the polyphenols of the Inulae-Inulinae.
Neurosurgical Intervention for Nerve and Muscle Biopsies
Authors: Mohamed Ali Ahmed , Caussat Thomas , Mouhawasse Edwin , Ali Rifa , Johansen Phillip Mitchell , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Neurologic and musculoskeletal diseases represent a considerable portion of the underlying etiologies responsible for the widely prevalent symptoms of pain, weakens, numbness, and paresthesia. Because of the subjective and often nonspecific nature of these symptoms, different diagnostic modalities have been explored and utilized.; (2) Methods: Literature review; (3) Results: Nerve and muscle biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing many of the responsible neurological and musculoskeletal conditions. However, the need for invasive tissue sampling is diminishing as more investigations explore alternative diagnostic modalities. Because of this, it is important to explore the current role of neurosurgical intervention for nerve and muscle biopsies and its current relevance in the diagnostic landscape of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. With consideration of the role of nerve and muscle biopsy, it is also important to explore innovations and emerging techniques for conducting these procedures. This review explores the indications and emerging techniques for neurological intervention for nerve and muscle biopsies; (4) Conclusions: The role of neurosurgical intervention for nerve and muscle biopsy remains relevant in diagnosing many neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. Biopsy is especially relevant as a supportive point of evidence for diagnosis in atypical cases. Additionally, emerging techniques have been explored to guide diagnostics and biopsy, conduct less invasive biopsies, and reduce risks of worsening neurologic function and other symptoms secondary to biopsy.
Rheology of Suspensions of Cellulose Nanofibrils Containing Different Charged Functional Groups
Authors: Alves Luís , Magalhães Solange , Pedrosa Jorge F. S. , Ferreira Paulo J. T. , Gamelas José A.F. , Rasteiro Maria Graça
Published: April 2024

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are materials with high aspect ratio. Typically, TEMPO-oxidised, or cationic CNFs consist of long fibrils (up to 2 μm) with very low thickness (less than 10 nm). Derived from their high aspect ratio, CNFs form strong hydrogels with high elasticity at low concentrations. Thus, CNF suspensions appear as an interesting rheology modifier to be applied in cosmetics, paints, foods, as a mineral suspending agent, among other applications.
The high viscosity results from the strong 3D fibril network, which is related to good fibrillation of the material, allowing the nanofibrils to overlap. The overlap concentration (c*) was found to vary from ca. 0.13 to ca. 0.60 wt.% depending on the type and intensity of the pre-treatment ap-plied during the preparation of the CNFs. The results confirm the higher tendency for the fibres treated with CHPTAC (cationic) and TEMPO to form a 3D network, resulting in the lowest c*.
For the TEMPO-oxidised CNF suspensions, it was also found that aggregation is improved at acidic pH conditions due to lower charge repulsion among fibrils, leading to an increase in the suspension viscosity, as well as higher apparent yield stresses. TEMPO CNF suspensions with low content of carboxylic groups tend to precipitate at moderate acidic pH values.
Obesogens in Adolescence. Challenging Aspects and Prevention Strategies.
Authors: Nicolaou Marina , Toumba Meropi , Kythreotis Alexandros , Daher Habib , Skordis Nicos
Published: April 2024

Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic, with significant increases in prevalence over recent decades. While excessive calorie consumption and physical inactivity are known factors, emerging research highlights the role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), particularly obesogens, in obesity's pathogenesis. This review explores the historical context of the environmental obesogens hypothesis, their sources, mechanism of action, impact on prenatal and postnatal development and epigenetics. Additionally, it discusses the long-term consequences of childhood obesity and proposes prevention strategies that will mitigate the negative health effects. Obesogens were found to disrupt hormonal balance and metabolic processes through various mechanisms such as altering gene expression, hormonal interference, and inflammation. Especially significant, was exposure during critical windows of development which correlates with increased risk of obesity in childhood or adolescence. Long-term effects of childhood obesity include chronic health conditions and psychosocial issues. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address childhood obesity, encompassing genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Prevention strategies should focus on reducing obesogens exposure, promoting healthy lifestyles, and implementing regulatory policies. Future research should investigate obesogens-diet interactions, microbiome impacts, and combined obesogens effects. Long-term human studies are also crucial for validating findings from animal models and allow for inform decision-making to combat the obesity pandemic.
A Novel Superconducting Mechanism Enabling High Temperature Superconductivity in Thorium Salts
Authors: Zhao George J. , Zhao Dong
Published: April 2024

An innovative superconducting mechanism was developed based on a patented discovery of high temperature superconductivity in several thorium (Th) salts or compounds. The rationale behind this discovery is through the experimental results about the unique electronical and magnetic properties of these Th salts. Accordingly, this new superconducting mechanism for these Th salts was obtained through the analyses of the compounds’ molecular configurations and the packings of their relevant crystal structures. Owing to the distinctive properties of the Th compounds in this discovery, we further established a different electron pairing scheme as opposed to the pairing of the Cooper pairs. Compared to the long distance electron pairing of the Cooper pairs, the new electron pairing in our mechanism is constructed by two closely correlated electrons that reside on the same atomic orbital of the Th cation as an electron lone pair. In this new superconducting mechanism, the Th cation is sitting on a relevant crystallographic lattice arrangement or a network of the relevant Th compounds. This network is constructed by many Th cations along certain crystallographic lattice arrangement where each Th cation contains one electron lone pair. This network allows the electron lone pairs on the Th cations to be delocalized over the network, “in pair”, and thus, reveals the electron lone pair in presence in a long distance fashion. The closely correlated electron lone pairs hop on this network and thus construct the supercurrent over the network. This explanation about the superconductivity laid the basis for our superconducting mechanism. All these conclusions came from the previous studies about these compounds that illustrated their unusual features of a coexistence of high electrical conductivity and diamagnetism. These electrical and magnetic properties fall in line with that of superconductors but, surprisingly, these Th compounds have such properties at the ambient condition, meaning under high or room temperature and atmosphere pressure. We expect that this mechanism may be appropriate to be utilized to other superconducting cases and therefore, can be adapted to describe the superconducting phenomenon for other superconductors. If this superconducting mechanism can be successfully applied to other superconductive cases, it may be served as a tool for future research to bring the superconducting transition (critical) temperature Tc to exceed room temperature landmark and hence, the over a century dream of obtaining an applicable superconductor can be realized.
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Tentang Pengurangan dengan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Siswa Kelas 1 Semester II Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This classroom action research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes, especially in the reduction material. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes on Mathematics about the reduction by using contextual learning models are expected to improve student learning outcomes. The contextual learning method is a learning concept that helps teachers associate the material they teach with real-world student situations and encourage students to make connections between the knowledge he has and its application
in their daily lives. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with the object of research in class I SD Negeri 2 Gatak. The focus of the research on the reduction of contextual learning is an effort to improve the learning outcomes of Mathematics. Data collection is done by direct observation of the learning process. The results showed that there was a significant increase of student learning outcomes in pre-cycle learning activities, cycle I and cycle II. The increase can be seen from the average value of students and the percentage of completeness of learning outcomes from KKM which is determined at 65. Based on the results of these observations it can be concluded that the application of Mathematics subject matter reduction learning contextual learning models can improve student learning outcomes in class I
SD Negeri 2 Gatak. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used to improve learning with similar cases.
Upaya Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Lari Jarak Pendek melalui Metode Bermain pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suwarti Titi
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Short distance learning in Mlese Gantiwarno Public Elementary School 2 in Klaten, which is monotonous, makes students feel bored so that the process and achievement of learning outcomes are less than optimal. This study aims to determine the increase in motivation to learn short distance running in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese Gantiwarno Klaten Semester II 2017/2018 Academic Year through the method of playing. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN 2 Mlese, Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency, which amounted to 20 students. The
data collection technique uses observation sheets to determine student interest, motivation questionnaires, and student perform nce sheets. The results showed that the average score of the aspects of interest was 76.35 so that the average interest of students had exceeded 70, thus the interest of students had increased. The performance aspects of students showed an average value of 72.95, this indicates that the value of students has achieved a minimum of completeness, namely 70, so that the target of 70% of students completed has been fulfilled.
Based on the motivation questionnaire shows that 64.1% of children have good motivation. The fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese in each cycle experienced an increase and by giving the method of playing students felt happy or felt interested in taking short distance learning. So that learning through the method of playing approach in short distance running material in class V students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese has succeeded in increasing students' motivation and learning achievement in following the learning.
Ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo Berdasarkan Analisis Kearifan Lokal dan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter serta Relevansinya sebagai Materi Ajar Folklor di Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Lailiyah Ria Nafiatul , Suryanto Edy , Rahadini Astiana Ajeng
Published: April 2024

Ritual keagamaan terdapat nilai-nilai positif yang bisa dijadikan pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, akan tetapi jarang disampaikan dalam pembelajaran. Penyampaian materi folklor hanya terpaku pada materi yang sudah ada di dalam buku ajar, tanpa ada reverensi yang lain. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu menganalisis nilai kearifan lokal dan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo serta relevansinya sebagai materi ajar di SMP.  Data dalam penelitian ini berupa hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi peristiwa. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa informan, tempat penelitian, peristiwa, dan dokumen. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Teknik uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif.  Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: (1) Astana Srandil Ponorogo dibangun pada tahun 1776 dari keinginan RM. Tumenggung Sumonegoro, permintaan tersebut disetujui oleh Residen di Madiun dan Kraton Solo Hadiningrat, setelah tahun tersebut baru adanya ritual dari keluarga serta masyarakat dan menjadi wisata ziarah oleh masyarakat desa Srandil serta santri dari salah satu pondok pesantren di Ponorogo pada tahun 2005; (2) Alur dari prosesi ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo ada tiga, yaitu izin juru kunci, bersuci, dan berdoa; (3) Kearifan lokal abstrak yang terdapat dalam ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo yaitu sikap dan perilaku manusia dengan Tuhan, pengendalian diri dengan orang lain, cara bergaul dan berkomunikasi dengan masyarakar, dan sikap dan perilaku terhadap lingkungan, sedangkan kearifan lokal konkret yaitu ubarampe; (4) Nilai pendidikan karakter dalam ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo yaitu  nilai religius, nilai jujur, nilai toleransi, dan nilai cinta tanah air. Dari keempat nilai pendidikan karakter tersebut yang lebih dominan adalah nilai religius; dan (5) Ritual di Astana Srandil Ponorogo relevan dengan pembelajaran bahasa Jawa di SMP karena sesuai dengan silabus, serta cerita ritual tersebut dapat menambah wawasan tentang keanekaragaman budaya Jawa dan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Türkiye’de Bölgelere Göre Kaba Ölüm Oranı Analizi-I
Authors: Kıral Ersin
Published: April 2024

Bu makale Türkiye ve bölgelerinin kaba ölüm hızı oranları (KÖH, 1/1000) yıllık verileri üzerine üstel fonksiyon modellemesi yaparak analiz ve tahmin etmektedir. Covid döneminde karesel bir fonksiyon modellenip Türkiye’de beklenen ölüm oranları hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlar: a) Türkiye’nin 2023 yılı 6 Şubat büyük depremi ile birlikte ölüm sayısı 577832 olarak beklenmektedir, KÖH, %2,4478’lik artışla 6,0861 hesaplanmıştır. Bölgelerde 2023 KÖH tahminleri: Batı Karadeniz %2,1656 artışla 8,9605’e ulaşacaktır. Batı Marmara -%1,093 değişimle 8,8539 hesaplanmıştır. Doğu Karadeniz -%0,203’lük artışla 8,6633 bulunmuştur. Ege %1,0319 artışla 7,7505 bulunmuştur. Orta Anadolu %5,0633 artışla 7,0085 hesaplanmıştır. Doğu Marmara %1,2841 değişimle 6,4294 hesaplanmıştır. Akdeniz %2,9542 artışla 5,8906 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Batı Anadolu %4,5652 artış ile 5,7600 olarak bulunmuştur. Kuzeydoğu Anadolu %3,6404 artışla 5,4206 olacaktır. İstanbul %3,5996 artışla 4,8131’e ulaşacaktır. Ortadoğu Anadolu %4,0291 artışla 4,4827 bulunmuştur. Güneydoğu Anadolu %6,201 artışla 3,7307 hesaplanmıştır. b) Covid sürecinde Türkiye’de beklenen KÖH ortalaması 5,8643 gerçekleşen ortalama KÖH 6,3793 olmuştur. Bu dönemde Türkiye’de KÖH beklenen değerden 1,2575 fazla gerçekleşmiştir.