bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conceptual model for determining the level of impact from a radiological dispersal event
Authors: Smith, PhD David A. , Holt, PhD Daniel T. , Fentiman, PhD Audeen
Published: July 2010

Emergency managers’ responses to and during myriad crises are critical. Recovery actions, which affect both humans and the environment, are often guided by a risk assessment. Current risk assessment methods, unfortunately, address human health and ecological issues independently.We introduce a framework to guide the development of an assessment that spans precrisis and postcrisis periods. This framework is introduced by examining a nefarious event that could have a negative effect on human health and the environment—a radiological dispersal event initiated by terrorists. Through this example, a general method that allows the quick assessment of risk, comparison of options, and prioritization of recovery actions is explained.
Protective security measures for major sport events: Proposing a baseline standard
Authors: Hall, PhD Stacey A. , Cieslak II, PhD Thomas , Marciani, EdD Lou , Cooper, EdD Walter , McGee, MS James A.
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify baseline protective measures for security management of major sport events. Baseline protective security measures are implemented as standard operating procedures (SOP) to serve as routine inspection for a facility. Security measures previously identified by Hall were assessed using a three-round Delphi survey and focus group study. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for the Delphi panel and focus group study. The Delphi panel (n _ 15) composed of sport security management professionals with experience coordinating security operations at major sporting events. Twelve respondents completed all the three Delphi rounds. Rankings for security measures were assessed during Round 1, while importance ratings were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale during Round 2, and 3 of the Delphi study. A focus group study (n_ 4) was conducted to validate the Delphi study findings and achieve consensus among key stakeholders.This study identified 33 baseline protective security measures in the following six categories: Physical Security, Technical Security, Access Control, Emergency Management,Training and Exercise, and Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Improving relations between emergency management offices and nursing homes during hurricane-related disasters
Authors: Hyer, PhD, MPP Kathryn , Brown, PhD Lisa M. , Thomas, MA Kali S. , Dosa, MD, MPH David , Bond, PhD Jennifer , Polivka-West, MSP LuMarie , Schinka, PhD John A.
Published: July 2010

Objective: To document the importance of the relationship of nursing homes to emergency management entities before, during, and after hurricanes, and the operational challenges that nursing homes face, the authors report the effects of eight Florida (FL) hurricanes on 689 nursing homes (70,000 beds) during 2004 and 2005.Design: Using a State Administrative data set of all nursing homes, the authors document the impact of the four major hurricanes on the homes’ ability to care for frail elders before, during, and after the storm. Supplementing State data are 257 self-reports from administrators on the impact of the hurricane on operations, resident care, and the importance of the relationship of the nursing home to local and state emergency operations entities.Setting: Nursing homes.Results: Almost one-third of all FL nursing homes either evacuated or sheltered residents from other facilities. No deaths during evacuation were reported for the 5,500 nursing home residents evacuated. Relationships with local emergency management offices prior to hurricanes were excellent, very good, or good for 58 percent of respondents. Regardless of the quality of the relationship, 80 percent of the respondents indicated that they would like to improve their relationship after 2004 season and 78 percent indicated they need to improve their disaster plans.Conclusions: This article highlights the importance of establishing an effective working relationship between nursing homes and local emergency management offices during all phases of disaster preparedness to ensure that nursing home residents are safe.
Challenges in handling medical emergencies by ambulance drivers: A comparative study in two metropolitan cities in India
Authors: Jena, PhD Biranchi N. , Dubey, MSc Anuradha , Dhal, MBA Manoranjan
Published: July 2010

An emergency or a disaster may occur at any time of the day or night, weekend or holiday, with little or no prior warning. Emergency service providers ensure public safety by addressing different emergencies. Drivers in the emergency vehicle often relate the efficient emergency management to quick access to the victim’s location, shorter time at the location, good support to the paramedics, and faster transport to definite care unit. The role of the ambulance drivers in emergency management is crucial, as reaching the victim quickly is more important than providing the prehospital care. The current research study attempts to understand the major challenges faced by the ambulance drivers in handling emergencies in cities. For this purpose, this study undertook a survey among the ambulance drivers of GVK Emergency Management and Research Institute, who are designated as pilots during November-December 2008 in the cities of Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in India. Data were collected from 27 pilots in Ahmedabad and 52 pilots in Hyderabad through a self-administered questionnaire. Congested street and nonavailability of lift facility were cited as the major problem in handling the emergencies in cities where the survey was conducted. A strong correlation was observed between floor numbers of the buildings and mean call to scene departure time to hospital, indicating difficulty in managing time during emergency in case of emergencies happening for residents residing at higher floor in a multistoried building. As floor number increases mean call to scene departure time also increases. It was found that in Ahmedabad the cooperation from traffic police and public was not satisfactory as compared to Hyderabad. Traffic police in Ahmedabad needs to be sensitized to help during heavy traffic and during critical vehicular trauma cases. In Ahmedabad, pilots cited that locating the proper address at night time was a problem. Since the study found that the on-scene time was more in case of victims at higher floors, it is strongly recommended to introduce trained volunteers or first responders to overcome barriers by opening locked outer doors, securing elevators, and providing directions to the patient’s location. Again with low public support during handling the emergencies, more public awareness on the role of escorts might lead to greater citizen involvement and shorter total response time.
Estimating Economic Damages in Class Action Securities Fraud Litigation
Authors: Dyl Edward A.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
The Valuation of Earning Capacity Definition, Measurement and Evidence
Authors: Horner Stephen M. , Slesnick Frank
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Approaches for Dealing with Small Sample Sizes in Employment Discrimination Litigation
Authors: Piette Michael J. , White Paul F.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Special Problems With Value-Of-Life Estimates: A Reply To Dr. Gilbert
Authors: Staller Jerome M. , Sullivan Brian P. , Friedman Edward A.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Measuring Reasonable Economic Probability
Authors: Horvitz Sigmund A. , Stern Louis H.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Comment on Ciecka's Book Review of Expert Economic Testimony
Authors: Ireland Thomas R.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
The Calculation Of Damage Awards: The Issue of “Prejudgment Interest”
Authors: Ault David E. , Rutman Gilbert L.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Accounting for Age-Earnings Profiles in Net Discount Rates
Authors: Christensen Eric W.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
A Statistical Analysis of Federal Income Tax Rate Stability Over Time and Implications for Valuing Lifetime Earnings
Authors: Lewis W. Cris , Bowles Tyler J.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
An Inquiry Into the Time Series Properties of Net Discount Rates
Authors: Payne James E. , Ewing Bradley T. , Piette Michael J.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Net Discount Rate and Below-Market Discount Rate: Two Methods in Forensic Economics
Authors: Peláez Rolando F.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Disability and the New Worklife Expectancy Tables from Vocational Econometrics, 1998: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Skoog Gary R. , Toppino David C.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Estimating Personal Consumption With and Without Savings in Wrongful Death Cases
Authors: Ajwa Martine T. , Martin Gerald D. , Vavoulis Ted
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Estimating Lost Household Services: Persons Over 50
Authors: Brookshire Michael L. , Gunderson Elizabeth A. W.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
A Further Examination Regarding the Stability of The Net Discount Rate
Authors: Sen Amit , Gelles Gregory M. , Johnson Walter D.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Unintended Consequences of Tort Reform: Rent Seeking in New York State's Structured Settlements Statutes
Authors: Spizman Lawrence M. , Schmitt Elizabeth Dunne
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Black Magic Response to Peláez
Authors: Ireland Thomas R.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Dedication In Memory of Tom Havrilesky
Authors: Ward Jack
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Jury Verdicts and the Dollar Value of Human Life
Authors: Smith Stan V.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Recent Legal Decisions Regarding Hedonic Damages: An Update
Authors: Ireland Thomas R.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Neutralizing the Adverse Tax Consequences of a Lump-Sum Award in Employment Cases
Authors: Ben-Zion Barry
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Worklife Expectancies: Increment-Decrement Less Accurate than Conventional
Authors: Richards Hugh
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
The Impact of Age on Employment Tenure: Results from an Employment Discrimination Case
Authors: Rosenbaum David I.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Disability and Worklife Expectancy Tables: A Response
Authors: Gibson David S. , Tierney John P.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Ozone predictabilities due to meteorological uncertainties in the Mexico City basin using ensemble forecasts
Authors: Bei N. , Lei W. , Zavala M. , Molina L. T.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of ozone (O3) predictions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) to meteorological initial uncertainties and planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization schemes using state-of-the-art meteorological and photochemical prediction models through ensemble forecasts. The simulated periods (3, 9, 15 and 29 March 2006) represent four typical meteorological episodes ("South-Venting", "O3-North", "O3-South" and "Convection-North", respectively) in the Mexico City basin during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign. Our results demonstrate that the uncertainties in meteorological initial conditions have significant impacts on O3 predictions, including peak time O3 concentrations ([O3]), horizontal and vertical O3 distributions, and temporal variations. The ensemble spread of the simulated peak [O3] averaged over the city's ambient monitoring sites can reach up to 10 ppb. The increasing uncertainties in meteorological fields during peak O3 period contribute to the largest unpredictability in O3 simulations, while the impacts of wind speeds and PBL height on [O3] are more straightforward and important. The magnitude of the ensemble spreads varies with different PBL schemes and meteorological episodes. The uncertainties in O3 predictions caused by PBL schemes mainly come from their ability to represent the mixing layer height; but overall, these uncertainties are smaller than those from the uncertainties in meteorological initial conditions.
Sulfur dioxide emissions in China and sulfur trends in East Asia since 2000
Authors: Lu Z. , Streets D. G. , Zhang Q. , Wang S. , Carmichael G. R. , Cheng Y. F. , Wei C. , Chin M. , Diehl T. , Tan Q.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. With the rapid development of the economy, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission from China since 2000 is of increasing concern. In this study, we estimate the annual SO2 emission in China after 2000 using a technology-based methodology specifically for China. From 2000 to 2006, total SO2 emission in China increased by 53%, from 21.7 Tg to 33.2 Tg, at an annual growth rate of 7.3%. Emissions from power plants are the main sources of SO2 in China and they increased from 10.6 Tg to 18.6 Tg in the same period. Geographically, emission from north China increased by 85%, whereas that from the south increased by only 28%. The emission growth rate slowed around 2005, and emissions began to decrease after 2006 mainly due to the wide application of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) devices in power plants in response to a new policy of China's government. This paper shows that the trend of estimated SO2 emission in China is consistent with the trends of SO2 concentration and acid rain pH and frequency in China, as well as with the increasing trends of background SO2 and sulfate concentration in East Asia. A longitudinal gradient in the percentage change of urban SO2 concentration in Japan is found during 2000–2007, indicating that the decrease of urban SO2 is lower in areas close to the Asian continent. This implies that the transport of increasing SO2 from the Asian continent partially counteracts the local reduction of SO2 emission downwind. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are found to be highly correlated with the surface solar radiation (SSR) measurements in East Asia. Using MODIS AOD data as a surrogate of SSR, we found that China and East Asia excluding Japan underwent a continuous dimming after 2000, which is in line with the dramatic increase in SO2 emission in East Asia. The trends of AOD from both satellite retrievals and model over East Asia are also consistent with the trend of SO2 emission in China, especially during the second half of the year, when sulfur contributes the largest fraction of AOD. The arrested growth in SO2 emissions since 2006 is also reflected in the decreasing trends of SO2 and SO42− concentrations, acid rain pH values and frequencies, and AOD over East Asia.
Aerosol spectral absorption in the Mexico City area: results from airborne measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX B
Authors: Bergstrom R. W. , Schmidt K. S. , Coddington O. , Pilewskie P. , Guan H. , Livingston J. M. , Redemann J. , Russell P. B.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. This paper presents estimates of the spectral solar absorption due to atmospheric aerosols during the 2006 MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment) field campaign. The aerosol absorption was derived from measurements of the spectral solar radiation and the spectral aerosol optical depth made on the J31 aircraft flying over the Gulf of Mexico and over Mexico City. We present the spectral single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) for two flights over the Gulf of Mexico and three flights over Mexico City for wavelengths from 350 to approximately 1650 nm. The spectral aerosol optical properties of each case are different and illustrate the variability of the aerosol optical properties in the Mexico City area. The results can be described in terms of three different wavelength regions: The 350–500 nm region where the aerosol absorption often falls off sharply presumably due to organic carbonaceous particles and windblown dust; the 500–1000 nm region where the decrease with wavelength is slower presumably due to black carbon; and the near infrared spectral region (1000 nm to 1650 nm) where it is difficult to obtain reliable results since the aerosol absorption is relatively small and the gas absorption dominates. However, there is an indication of a small and somewhat wavelength independent absorption in the region beyond 1000 nm. For one of the flights over the Gulf of Mexico near the coastline it appears that a cloud/fog formation and evaporation led to an increase of absorption possibly due to a water shell remaining on the particles after the cloud/fog had dissipated. For two of the Mexico City cases, the single scattering albedo is roughly constant between 350–500 nm consistent with other Mexico City results. In three of the cases a single absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) fits the aerosol absorption optical depth over the entire wavelength range of 350 to 1650 nm relatively well (r2> 0.86).
Flower elliptical-orbit constellation exploiting millimetre-wave radiometry and radio occultation for meteo-climatological applications
Authors: Marzano F. S. , Cimini D.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. This paper reports on the potential of combining elliptical-orbit Flower constellations with millimeter-wave radiometry and radio-occultation, a mission concept briefly named FloRad2. The advantages of flower constellation with respect to conventional orbits are discussed, including the flexibility ensuring increasing coverage with separate launches. Millimeter-wave radiometry and radio-occultation receivers provide the advantage to design fairly compact payloads that comply well with current technology of mini-satellites. Millimeter-wave radiometry and radio-occultation techniques are somewhat complementary and an optimal combination of these observations results in atmospheric products with enhanced vertical and horizontal resolutions. Thus, the combination of small, light payloads employing millimeter-wave radiometry and radio-occultation with Flower elliptical-orbit constellations may result in an optimal compromise between retrieval performances and system complexity that is ideal for continued long-term missions with meteorological and climatological applications.
Attribution of spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial methane flux over North America
Authors: Xu X. F. , Tian H. Q. , Zhang C. , Liu M. L. , Ren W. , Chen G. S. , Lu C. Q. , Bruhwiler L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The attribution of spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial methane (CH4) flux is essential for assessing and mitigating CH4 emission from terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we used a process-based model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), in conjunction with spatial data of six major environmental factors to attribute the spatial and temporal variations in the terrestrial methane (CH4) flux over North America from 1979 to 2008 to six individual factors and their interaction. Over the past three decades, our simulation indicates that global change factors accumulatively contributed 43.05 Tg CH4-C (1 Tg = 1012 g) emission over North America, among which ozone (O3) pollution led to a reduced CH4 emission by 2.69 Tg CH4-C, all other factors including climate variability, nitrogen (N) deposition, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), N fertilization, and land conversion increased terrestrial CH4 emissions by 40.37 Tg CH4-C, 0.42 Tg CH4-C, 6.95 Tg CH4-C, 0.11 Tg CH4-C, and 3.70 Tg CH4-C, respectively, and interaction between/among these global change factors led to a decline of CH4 emission by 5.80 Tg CH4-C. Climatic variability dominated the inter-annual variations in terrestrial CH4 fluxes at both continental and country levels. The relative importance of each environmental factor in determining the magnitude of methane flux shows substantially spatial variation across North America. This factorial attribution of CH4 fluxes over the North America might benefit policy makers who would like to curb climate warming by reducing CH4 emission.
Annual follow-up of carbon dioxide and methane diffusive emissions from two boreal reservoirs and nearby lakes in Québec, Canada
Authors: Demarty M. , Bastien J. , Tremblay A.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Surface water pCO2 and pCH4 measurements were made in Québec (Canada) during consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2008 in two boreal reservoirs and nearby lakes. The goal of this follow-up was to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions from the water bodies studied, through flux calculations using the Thin Boundary Layer Model. Our measurements underscored the winter CO2 accumulation due to ice cover and the importance of a reliable estimation of spring diffusive emissions as the ice breaks up. We clearly demonstrated that in our systems, CH4 diffusive fluxes (in terms of CO2 equivalent) were of minor importance in the GHG emissions, with CO2 diffusive fluxes generally representing more than 95% of the annual diffusive fluxes. We also noted the extent of CO2 spring diffusive emissions (16% to 52%) in the annual budget.
Catchment conceptualisation for examining applicability of chloride mass balance method in an area with historical forest clearance
Authors: Guan H. , Love A. J. , Simmons C. T. , Hutson J. , Ding Z.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Of the various approaches for estimating groundwater recharge, the chloride mass balance (CMB) method is one of the most frequently used, especially for arid and semiarid regions. Widespread native vegetation clearance, common in many areas globally, has changed the land surface boundary condition, posing the question as to whether the current system has reached new chloride equilibrium, required for a CMB application. Although a one-dimensional CMB can be applied at a point where the water and chloride fluxes are locally in steady state, the CMB method is usually applied at a catchment scale owing to significant lateral flows in mountains. The applicability of the CMB method to several conceptual catchment types of various chloride equilibrium conditions is examined. The conceptualisation, combined with some local climate conditions, is shown to be useful in assessing whether or not a catchment has reached new chloride equilibrium. The six conceptual catchment types are tested with eleven selected catchments in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area in South Australia having experienced widespread historical forest clearance. The results show that six of the eleven catchments match a type VI chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a gaining stream), with the ratios of stream chloride output (O) over atmospheric chloride input (I), or catchment chloride O/I ratios, ranging from 2 to 4. Two catchments match a type V chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a losing stream), with catchment chloride O/I ratios about 0.5. For these type V and type VI catchments, the CMB method is not applicable. The results also suggest that neither a chloride O/I ratio less than one nor a low seasonal fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor below 4) guarantees a chloride equilibrium condition in the study area. A large chloride O/I value (above one) and a large fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor of 10 and above) generally indicates either a chloride disequilibrium, or cross-catchment water transfer, or both, for which the CMB method is not applicable. Based on regression between chloride O/I values and annual precipitation for type VI catchments, a catchment with annual precipitation of 900 mm in MLR has most likely reached new chloride equilibrium, and the CMB method can be applied if no cross-catchment water transfer occurs. CMB is applied to one catchment at chloride equilibrium, suggesting a net groundwater recharge of 27 mm/yr, about 3% of annual precipitation.
Application of a minimal glacier model to Hansbreen, Spitsbergen
Authors: Oerlemans J. , Jania J. , Kolondra L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Hansbreen is a well studied tidewater glacier in the southwestern part of Spitsbergen, currently about 16 km long. Since the end of the 19th century it has been retreating over a distance of 2.7 km. In this paper the global dynamics of Hansbreen are studied with a minimal glacier model, in which the ice mechanics are strongly parameterised and a simple law for iceberg calving is used. The model is calibrated by reconstructing a climate history in such a way that observed and simulated glacier length match. In addition, the calving law is tuned to reproduce the observed mean calving flux for the period 2000–2008. Equilibrium states are studied for a wide range of values of the equilibrium line altitude. The dynamics of the glacier are strongly nonlinear. The height-mass balance feedback and the water depth – calving flux feedback give rise to cusp catastrophes in the system. For the present climatic conditions Hansbreen cannot survive. Depending on the imposed climate change scenario, in AD 2100 Hansbreen is predicted to have a length between 10 and 12 km. The corresponding decrease in ice volume (relative to the volume in AD 2000) is 45 to 65%. Finally the late-Holocene history of Hansbreen is considered. We quote evidence from dated peat samples that Hansbreen did not exist during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. We speculate that at the end of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum Hansbreen could advance because the glacier bed was at least 50 m higher than today, and because the tributary glaciers on the western side may have supplied a significant amount of mass to the main stream. The excavation of the overdeepening and the formation of the shoal at the glacier terminus probably took place during the Little Ice Age.
Intraoperative Esketamine and Postpartum Depression Among Women With Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ren Li , Zhang Ting , Zou Bingyu , Su Xin , Tao Yi , Yang Jie , Lv Feng , Li Ping , Peng Fangliang , Wu Gangming
Published: February 2025

Importance

Esketamine has been found to reduce the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) in randomized clinical trials. However, current evidence from randomized clinical trials does not reflect esketamine’s efficacy in clinical settings.

Objective

To assess the clinical efficacy of intraoperative esketamine administration for preventing PPD among women who underwent cesarean delivery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial was conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China, from March 2023 to February 2024. Pregnant patients admitted for cesarean delivery were included, while those with intellectual dysfunction or contraindications to esketamine were excluded. All participants were assigned randomly to either the esketamine group or control group in a 1:1 ratio. Data analysis was based on the intention-to-treat principle.

Interventions

Patients in the esketamine group received an infusion of 0.25 mg/kg esketamine in 20 mL of saline over 20 minutes, whereas patients in the control group received 20 mL saline over 20 minutes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the incidence of PPD at 6 weeks post partum. PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Results

A total of 308 pregnant women were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: esketamine (n = 154; mean [SD] patient age, 31.57 [4.26] years) and control (n = 154; mean [SD] patient age, 32.53 [7.74] years). Incidence of PPD was significantly lower in the esketamine group compared with the control group at 6 weeks post partum (10.4% [16] vs 19.5% [30]; relative risk, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.93; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial demonstrated esketamine’s advantage in reducing the incidence of PPD at 6 weeks post partum in patients who underwent cesarean delivery. The efficacy and safety of esketamine in preventing PPD warrant further investigation in clinical practice.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200065494
Temperature‐Inert Weakly Solvating Electrolytes for Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Micro‐Sized Silicon Anodes
Authors: Sang Xiaoyu , Hu Kangjia , Chen Jiaxin , Wang Zhangci , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui , Hu Xianluo
Published: February 2025

Cost‐effective micro‐sized silicon (μSi) anodes with high specific capacity are promising for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries but face significant volume changes during cycling. Constructing anion‐derived, inorganic‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase by electrolyte engineering is considered a viable strategy for stabilizing μSi anodes. However, at low temperatures, temperature‐dependent anion‐dominated solvation and sluggish Li+ desolvation hinder cyclability and capacity retention. Here we introduce a unique temperature‐inert weakly solvating electrolyte (TIWSE) that preserves the anion‐dominated solvation sheath and has weak solvent coordination capability, enabling stable cycling of μSi anodes in subzero environments. The crucial role of NO3− anions with a high donor number in regulating competitive coordination in TIWSE is unveiled. As a result, μSi||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells with TIWSE demonstrate impressive capacity retention of 91.8 % at −20 °C and 80.8 % at 30 °C after 100 cycles, along with a high specific capacity of 137.4 mAh g−1 at 6 C. Furthermore, a 1‐Ah pouch cell of Si−C||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 shows remarkable cycling stability with 89.3 % capacity retention over 300 cycles at 30 °C and 77.3 % retention at −20 °C, demonstrating the practical applicability. This work highlights the importance of solvation chemistry in addressing low‐temperature challenges and offers new insights into high‐energy μSi‐based lithium‐ion batteries operating under harsh conditions.
Uncovering Sea Turtle Strandings in the Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): Spatiotemporal Patterns and Signs of Anthropogenic Interaction
Authors: Despoti Smaragda , Solanou Maria , Tsoukali Stavroula , Valavanis Vasilis , Tsagarakis Konstantinos , Giannoulaki Marianna
Published: February 2025

The Mediterranean Sea is frequented by local populations of loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta and green turtle Chelonia mydas. Greek waters host both nesting sites and foraging grounds for the loggerhead turtle, whereas only foraging grounds for the green turtle. Both species face threats in their marine environment sourcing from anthropogenic activity. Here, stranding data, spanning from 2010 to 2021, were used to shed light on the main drivers underneath these threats and to identify seasons and areas of high number of stranding events. Stranding events showed an increasing trend over the years for both species. The majority of the strandings were categorized as “unknown,” while those showing signs of anthropogenic interaction (i.e., strandings related to marine litter ingestion, oil pollution, fishing gear entanglement, and injuries) held a significant part, representing ~25% and ~35% for the loggerhead and green turtle, respectively. The present work identified seasons and areas of concern with emphasis on areas that indicate fishery interaction, providing information that can support the designation of conservation measures in marine Greek waters.
Promote Water Industry Careers Through Academic Collaborations
Authors: Adams Hunter , Fulton Candice Sharp , Thomas Dave , Dilparic Daria , Ganegoda Sathya S. , Burlingame Gary A. , Dietrich Andrea M. , Nix Daniel K. , Ikehata Keisuke
Published: February 2025

Key Takeaways

A gap exists between academia and the water industry; utilities and municipalities can bridge this divide by reaching out to students through conferences, job fairs, and similar events.

Water utilities and municipalities must form relationships with colleges and universities to educate students about water careers and mentorship opportunities to meet staffing needs.

AWWA student chapters are an effective way to foster workforce development by engaging with students in technical fields and helping them make connections in the water industry.
How Therapists Operationalise the Experiential Components of Person‐Centred Experiential Therapy in the Treatment of Depression: Generating Psychotherapeutic Exemplars for Training Practitioners
Authors: Haake Rinda , Hardy Gillian E. , Barkham Michael
Published: February 2025

Background

Person‐centred experiential therapy (PCET) is an evidence‐based psychological therapy for the treatment of depression delivered within the English NHS Talking Therapies for Anxiety and Depression programme. Process research is needed to understand how therapists operationalise the experiential components which, according to emotion theory, constitute mechanisms of change.

Method

Digital session recordings for 15 PCE therapists in the PRaCTICED trial that received the highest mean score for experiential specificity, emotion regulation sensitivity and emotion focus were selected and transcribed. NVivo was employed to conduct a qualitative analysis of the transcripts using framework analysis. These three experiential items constituted a priori themes, with the most specific subthemes identified as therapist interventions. Representative exemplars were synthesised from verbatim therapist and client exchanges to illustrate each intervention.

Results

Four themes were identified: reflecting, intensifying feelings, understanding, and active guiding, with 12 subthemes, and 26 types of therapist intervention. The sequence of four themes suggests a range of interventions which reflect increasing activeness of therapist contributions in the session. The procedure adopted demonstrates that it is possible to generate exemplars for psychotherapeutic interventions based on anonymised but real practice which have potential utility for training, supervision and deliberate practice.

Conclusions

Therapists' interventions conform to emotion theory, offering active interventions woven into a nondirective person‐centred relationship. The four themes suggested a loose sequence of experiential interventions, beginning with the therapist helping to orient the client towards their emotions, through identifying, articulating and exploring emotions, to working with emotional processes to resolve distress.
Lorenz Model for Chaos in Electrokinetic Instability
Authors: Gupta Prateek , Bahga Supreet Singh
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate that the Lorenz system of equations can approximate the nonlinear flow dynamics of the electrokinetic instability (EKI) in a microchannel driven by an electric field applied parallel to the diffusive interfaces separating the co‐flowing centre and sheath streams with mismatched electrical conductivity. Using Galerkin projection, we show that the electrohydrodynamic flow equations can be approximated by the Lorenz equations in the limit of small conductivity difference between the flow streams. The derived dynamical model qualitatively captures the characteristics of EKI in both linear and nonlinear regimes, including the neutral stability criterion and alternating transitions between periodic and aperiodic states with increasing electric Rayleigh numbers. While not quantitatively precise, this simplified dynamical model provides valuable insights into the essential nonlinearities responsible for chaotic behaviour observed in EKI experiments.
Joint Pain and Leisure‐Time Physical Activity: Cross‐Sectional Findings From the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Witonsky Kailyn , Zhu Xiaonan , Rosso Andrea L. , Newman Anne , Rosano Caterina
Published: February 2025

Background

Joint pain is common and limits leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) in older adults. However, some older adults with pain are also physically active. Psychosocial factors that may indicate external engagement (such as social network) and internal drive (such as feeling able to “get going”) are emerging as predictors of LTPA and may explain why some older adults with pain are physically active.

Methods

We investigated the cross‐sectional association of psychosocial factors with LTPA (kcal/week) in adults over the age of 64 with pain in their back, hips, knees and/or feet from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Psychosocial factors included: social network score from the Lubben Social Network scale and three questions from the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D): perceived effort, difficulty getting going, and trouble concentrating. Separate multivariable ordinal regression models estimated the association between these indicators and LTPA, while controlling for demographics and other contributors of LTPA: number of medications, number of pain sites, body mass index, gait speed, digit substitution symbol test, brain white matter hyperintensities, and mood.

Results

Among 902 participants (65% female, 14% Non‐White) with joint pain and complete data, higher social network score, and no self‐reported “difficulty getting going” were associated with higher levels of LTPA, independent of covariates. Associations with perceived effort or trouble concentrating were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Our research suggests that some older adults with pain are physically active and psychosocial factors related to external engagement and internal drive might be important targets to support LTPA. Studies should investigate the role of psychosocial states on LTPA among older adults with pain.

Impact Statement

We certify that this work is novel.

The potential impact of this research on clinical care includes the following: Resiliency factors such as psychosocial factors may be more important targets to promote leisure‐time physical activity in older adults with pain than specific pain reduction strategies.
High Impact Clinical Applications of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women: A Review
Authors: Diaz Alex , Meloche Chelsea , Abdelmotleb Mohamed , Chalian Hamid , Santos Lima Ana Paula , Frank Luba , Ordovas Karen
Published: February 2025

The diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in women poses an ongoing challenge due to lack of knowledge about sex differences in the manifestations of cardiovascular disease, since women have been underrepresented in cardiovascular research studies that guide current practice. The purpose of this article is to review a spectrum of cardiovascular disorders which occur exclusively or more frequently in women and to highlight the role that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) plays in diagnosing and prognosticating these disorders. Specifically, this review focuses on cardio‐oncologic, ischemic, inflammatory, autoimmune, peri‐partum, and genetic manifestations of cardiomyopathy in women. We strive to draw attention to the added diagnostic value provided by cardiac MR, compared against alternative imaging modalities, and propose opportunities for further research on sex differences in imaging and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
An Experimental Study of the Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Static DU91‐W2‐150 Airfoil at Large Angles of Attack
Authors: Xu Guanqun , Yu Wei , Sciacchitano Andrea , Simao Ferreira Carlos
Published: February 2025

The airfoil DU91‐W2‐150 was investigated in the Low Speed Low Turbulence Tunnel at the Delft University of Technology to study unsteady aerodynamics. This experimental study tested the airfoil under a wide range of angles of attack (AoA) from 0° to 310° at three Reynolds numbers () from to . Pressure on the airfoil surface was measured and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted to capture the flow field in the wake. By examining the force coefficient and comparing the wake contours, it shows that an upwind concave surface provides a higher load compared to a convex surface upwind case, highlighting the critical role of surface shape in aerodynamics. When comparing separation at specific locations along the chord for all three values, it is observed that as increases, separation tends to occur at lower AoA, both for positive stall and negative stall. The examination of the aerodynamic force variation indicates that, during reverse flow, fluctuations are more pronounced compared to forward flow. This is owing to separation occurring at the aerodynamic leading edge (geometric trailing edge) in reverse flow. In terms of vortex shedding frequency, the study found a nearly constant normalized Strouhal number () of 0.16 across various and AoA values in fully separated regions, indicating a consistent pattern under these conditions. However, a slight increase in , between 0.16 and 0.20, was observed for AoA values exceeding 180°, possibly due to the convex curvature of the airfoil in the upwind direction. In conclusion, this research not only corroborates previous findings for small AoA values but also adds new data on the aerodynamic behavior of the DU91‐W2‐150 airfoil under large AoA values, offering various perspectives on the effects of surface curvature, , and flow conditions on key aerodynamic parameters.
A semilinear interface elliptic equation with sublinear and logistic reactions terms
Authors: Molina-Becerra Mónica , Morales-Rodrigo Cristian , Suárez Antonio
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the structure of the set of positive solutions of a semilinear interface elliptic problem is studied in detail. In this kind of problem, the domain is the union of two different regions, separated by a membrane or interface where it happens an interchange of flux. In each region, we assume a nonlinear reaction term: a sublinear function in one of them, and a logistic function in the other. The combination of both terms, as well as the interface, give an interesting structure to the set of positive solutions. In particular, we will show that the existence of the interface provides the model a cooperative effect that makes populations from both regions coexist in situations where without the interface they would disappear.
Role of CYLD in brain physiology and pathology
Authors: Nardi Leonardo , Bicker Frank , Maier Jannik , Waisman Ari , Schmeisser Michael J.
Published: February 2025

A common hallmark of several neuropsychiatric conditions is an altered protein homeostasis. In this context, ubiquitination has emerged as one of the most important post-translational modifications, regulating various intracellular processes such as protein degradation, autophagy, protein activation, and protein–protein interactions. Ubiquitination can be reversed by the activity of several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), and it is of utmost importance that both processes remain in balance. Understanding the extent to which this system is involved in specific brain disorders opens up new possibilities for treating a broader spectrum of patients by targeting this central hub. In recent years, the attention to one of those DUBs, called CYLD, has increased sharply, but with relatively little focus on the central nervous system (CNS): 55 results for “CYLD Brain” vs. 895 results for “CYLD” in total (NCBI Pubmed search, 17.01.2025). Thus, we aim to provide a first overview of the new findings from the past decade specifically related to the role of CYLD in the physiology and pathology of the CNS.
Investigation of the mechanical machinability of an interpenetrating metal-ceramic composite using diamond grinding
Authors: Rösiger Achim , Schukraft Joél , Goller Ralf , Weidenmann Kay A.
Published: February 2025

In this study, the mechanical machinability of an interpenetrating metal-ceramic composite was investigated. The material was manufactured by gas pressure infiltration of a slurry-based ceramic preform and an AlSi10Mg cast alloy. The combination of a soft metal and a very hard ceramic brings many advantages in mechanical performance of the composite but challenges in the mechanical machining. Near net shape components manufactured and finished by mechanical processing is of interest. Therefore, diamond-grinding with different diamond grit tipped tools was investigated in a range of process parameters, such as the rotation speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. During the grinding process, the cutting forces were continuously measured, and the machined surface and tool quality were evaluated afterwards. Cold welding of the aluminum chips on the tool and the material surface were detected, and the effect of the superposition of ductile and brittle cutting mechanisms were observed. Increasing cutting forces and therefore increasing the process heat results in reclosing of brittle defects in Al2O3 by deformed aluminum. This effect leads to a reduced surface roughness when increasing the material removal rate by increasing cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth.
Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical properties of PLA-based auxetic structures
Authors: Taşdemir Mehmet , Toktaş İhsan , Motameni Ali , Evis Zafer
Published: February 2025

In this study, two innovative unit cell designs were developed by combining different auxetic structures from the literature, and they were fabricated using 3D printers, one of the most popular additive manufacturing methods today. Tensile and compression samples were created based on unit cells produced with various parameters to investigate the mechanical properties of auxetic structures and their viability in the additive manufacturing field. Nowadays, polymer-based materials are widely accepted as the primary materials for 3D printing technology, which is employed in various engineering applications, including additive manufacturing. In this context, the samples were produced using PLA, subjected to tensile and compression tests, and their mechanical properties were analyzed. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to simulate the tensile and compression tests in a virtual environment, and the results were compared with the experimental data. It was observed that the tensile and compressive strengths of the unit cell increased as the angle between the branches forming the unit cell decreased. Moreover, increasing the thickness of the branches that make up the unit cell also resulted in higher tensile and compressive strength values.
Evaluation of a photogrammetry-based scanner for measuring small-sized features in an additive manufacturing repair process chain
Authors: Pirlo Raniero , Guerra Maria Grazia , Lavecchia Fulvio , Galantucci Luigi Maria
Published: February 2025

Repairing damaged or worn components, particularly those with high added value, has become a beneficial and sustainable practice, yielding significant economic and environmental impacts. These benefits arise from reductions in material usage, labor, and waste. A typical repair process chain combines additive manufacturing (AM), subtractive machining (SM), and measuring techniques to ensure that the involved technologies exchange accurate information regarding the dimensions and position of defects. Among the available measuring techniques, photogrammetry stands out for its low cost, flexibility, and proven ability to measure both simple and complex geometries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of close-range photogrammetry as an inspection tool within a repair process chain. The assessment focused on its capability to detect small features and measure slots with sub-millimeter dimensions. An experimental plan was developed to analyze the impact of slot dimensions and scanning strategy, taking into account limitations related to the depth of field. The best performance for the proposed outputs was observed with the widest and deepest features (slots), at a limited distance from the focus center, and with an optical axis tilt of 45°. This finding highlights the importance of feature sizes and optimal scanning strategies for real-world applications.