bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation into Touch Performance on a QWERTY Soft Keyboard on a Smartphone: Touch Time, Accuracy, and Satisfaction in Two-Thumb Key Entry
Authors: Kang Eunchae , Tjolleng Amir , Yu Hayeon , Jung Kihyo , Chang Joonho
Published: June 2023

This research aims to examine touch performance and user-satisfaction depending on key location in a QWERTY soft keyboard during two-thumb key entry on a smartphone. Thirty-three college students who were smartphone users were recruited, and an experimental program was implemented to measure their task completion time, the number of touch errors, and user-satisfaction during key entry. The QWERTY layout was split into 15 zones to assign absolute positions for reliable statistical analysis. The results showed that the zones with significantly longer task completion times were observed more prevalently in the zones in the periphery (p < 0.0001). In addition, relatively higher subjective satisfaction ratings were found in the zones in the center area of the QWERTY layout (p < 0.0001). It seemed that both of the results were improved in the zones that participants could immediately see without moving the thumbs, before touch interaction. Meanwhile, touch error frequencies failed to show statistical significance among the zones (p = 0.3195).
Antibacterial Activity of Lysimachia nummularia L. in Oro-Dental Diseases
Authors: Suciu Felicia , Stoicescu Iuliana , Lupu Elena Carmen , Popescu Antoanela , Roșca Adrian Cosmin , Roncea Florentina Nicoleta , Dumitrescu Denisa-Elena , Badea Victoria , Badea Florin Ciprian
Published: June 2023

The aim is to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the extracts obtained from Lysimachia nummularia L. in order to be able to introduce these extracts into pharmaceutical products and obtain useful products in the infectious and antifungal pathology of the oro-dental cavity. Extracts from different parts of the studied species have been obtained and chemically characterized: the total polyphenols in 40% ethanolic extracts have been determined and the caffeic and chlorogenic acids and trans-resveratrol, bioactive compounds involved in the antimicrobial properties of the studied species, have been identified, separated, and quantitatively determined. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extract of Lisymachia nummularia L. were determined using the diffusion method against a set of bacteria isolated from samples from different patients with diseases of the oro-dental cavity. The extract of Lisymachia nummularia L. exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria more than Gram-negative, where the effect was weaker; however, it had no antifungal effects on Candida albicans. Another aspect that must be emphasized is that the best antibacterial results were obtained from the aerial segment of the plant, the part where the highest concentration of polyphenols was identified in the studies presented. These results indicate that the pharmacological effects of the studied bacterial species support the use of extracts in obtaining pharmaceutical products that can be used to optimize treatment schemes in oro-dental diseases.
Feature Extracted Deep Neural Collaborative Filtering for E-Book Service Recommendations
Authors: Kim Ji-Yoon , Lim Chae-Kwan
Published: June 2023

The electronic publication market is growing along with the electronic commerce market. Electronic publishing companies use recommendation systems to increase sales to recommend various services to consumers. However, due to data sparsity, the recommendation systems have low accuracy. Also, previous deep neural collaborative filtering models utilize various variables of datasets such as user information, author information, and book information, and these models have the disadvantage of requiring significant computing resources and training time for their training. To address this issue, we propose a deep neural collaborative filtering model with feature extraction that uses minimal data such as user number, book number, and rating information. The proposed model comprises an input layer for inputting and embedding the product and user data, a feature extraction layer for extracting the features through data correlation analysis between the embedded user and product data, a multilayer perceptron, and an output layer. To improve the performance of the proposed model, Bayesian optimization was used to determine hyperparameters. To evaluate the deep neural collaborative filtering model with feature extraction, a comparative analysis experiment was conducted with currently used collaborative filtering models. The goodbooks-10k public dataset was used, and the results of the experiment show that the low accuracy caused by data sparsity was considerably improved.
The Global Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ice Cloud Optical Thickness Based on MODIS Satellite Data during 2000–2021
Authors: Zhao Fengmei , Tang Chaoli , Tian Xiaomin , Wu Xin , Dai Congming , Wei Heli
Published: June 2023

Ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) is an important parameter to characterize ice cloud properties and in the determination of cloud–radiation parameterization schemes, and the variation trend of ice clouds is more concerned with the study of weather and climate. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of IOT over the region between ±60° latitude. Cloud product data from March 2000 to February 2021 acquired from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite were used in this study. Theil–Sen median trend analysis and EOF analysis methods were used to study the variation trend of IOT. The research results indicate that the monthly average IOT shows a “W” distribution from January to December, with a maximum reached in July (12.15) and a double bottom reached in March (10.7) and October (10.99), respectively. The average global IOT reaches the maximum in June–August, it tends to decrease with time, and its slope is −0.01 year−1. The statistical analysis results show that the area with an increase accounted for 49.4% of the total ice cloud coverage area; the area with a trend of significant increased and decreased is both 2.2%. The probability distribution of IOT reaches the maximum, around 3.25%, when the IOT is larger than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2.
Toxicity, Emissions and Structural Damage from Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway
Authors: Zhou Tian , Sun Jie , Li Jigang , Wei Shouping , Chen Jing , Dang Shengnan , Tang Na , Zhu Yuefeng , Lian Yukun , Guo Jun , Zhang Fan , Xie Hongjia , Li Huiyu , Qiu Xinping , Chen Liquan
Published: June 2023

Toxicity, emissions and structural damage results on lithium-ion battery (LIB) thermal runaway triggered by the electrothermal method were performed in this work. The electrothermal triggering method was determined to study the thermal runaway behaviors of three types of commercial LIBs. The structural damage of the cathode material of the batteries after thermal runaway was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that as the state of charge (SOC) of the battery increases, the lower the temperature at which thermal runaway occurs, and the more badly the structural damage of the electrode material after thermal runaway. Qualitative analysis of products from LIBs thermal runaway emissions was conducted by GC-MS, and the toxicity and formation mechanism of the emissions were analyzed in detail. Dozens of toxic substances were detected from the emissions after thermal runaway of batteries using LixNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and LiCoO2 as the cathode material, the types of toxic substances increase gradually with the increase in the SOC, while as for batteries using LiFePO4 as the cathode material, most types of toxic substances were detected from 30% SOC.
A Short Review: Comparison of Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries with Different pH Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Durena Ramona , Zukuls Anzelms
Published: June 2023

As the world moves towards sustainable and renewable energy sources, there is a need for reliable energy storage systems. A good candidate for such an application could be to improve secondary aqueous zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) batteries. For this reason, different aqueous Zn-MnO2 battery technologies are discussed in this short review, focusing on how electrolytes with different pH affect the battery. Improvements and achievements in alkaline aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries the recent years have been briefly reviewed. Additionally, mild to acidic aqueous electrolyte employment in Zn-MnO2 batteries has been described, acknowledging their potential success, as such a battery design can increase the potential by up to 2 V. However, we have also recognized a novel battery electrolyte type that could increase even more scientific interest in aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries. Consisting of an alkaline electrolyte in the anode compartment and an acidic electrolyte in the cathode compartment, this dual (amphoteric) electrolyte system permits the extension of the battery cell potential above 2 V without water decomposition. In addition, papers describing pH immobilization in aqueous zinc–manganese compound batteries and the achieved results are reported and discussed.
Uncovering the Secrets of Prostate Cancer’s Radiotherapy Resistance: Advances in Mechanism Research
Authors: Lyu Feng , Shang Shi-Yu , Gao Xian-Shu , Ma Ming-Wei , Xie Mu , Ren Xue-Ying , Liu Ming-Zhu , Chen Jia-Yan , Li Shan-Shi , Huang Lei
Published: June 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a critical global public health issue with its incidence on the rise. Radiation therapy holds a primary role in PCa treatment; however, radiation resistance has become increasingly challenging as we uncover more about PCa’s pathogenesis. Our review aims to investigate the multifaceted mechanisms underlying radiation therapy resistance in PCa. Specifically, we will examine how various factors, such as cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hypoxic conditions, oxidative stress, testosterone levels, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and tumor stem cells, contribute to radiation therapy resistance. By exploring these mechanisms, we hope to offer new insights and directions towards overcoming the challenges of radiation therapy resistance in PCa. This can also provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of novel ultra-high-dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy in the era of PCa.
Photothermal Effects of High-Energy Photobiomodulation Therapies: An In Vitro Investigation
Authors: Cronshaw Mark , Parker Steven , Grootveld Martin , Lynch Edward
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate photothermal aspects of photobiomodulation therapies (PBMT) in vitro to assist in the development of safe clinical parameters with respect to higher-power devices with large surface applicators. Laser wavelengths in the range of 650 nm–1064 nm were investigated using a thermal camera. Thermographic measures of surface and sub-surface temperature variations of similar lean porcine muscle tissue samples were recorded for a series of calibrated experiments. A thermal comparison was then made between Flat-top and Gaussian beam spatial distribution devices. Outcome data were subjected to statistical analysis using an ANOVA model. Results acquired at similar parameters of irradiance indicated that the application of the 980 nm wavelength was associated with the highest rise in temperature, which decreased with other wavelengths in the order 980 > 1064 ≈ 650 >>> 810 nm (p < 5 × 10−20). All wavelengths assessed were associated with a significant temperature increase, and with the exception of 810 nm, all exceeded the threshold of a 6 °C rise within the prescribed parameter limits. Optical scanning by movement of the applied source over a relevant area was found to offer effective mitigation of these temperature increases. An extended discussion is presented, analysing the clinical significance of the study outcomes. Recommendations are made within the limits of this in vitro study in order to assist future clinical investigations.
Application of Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithms in Image Processing: A Comprehensive Review of Analysis, Synthesis, and Optimization
Authors: Xu Minghai , Cao Li , Lu Dongwan , Hu Zhongyi , Yue Yinggao
Published: June 2023

Image processing technology has always been a hot and difficult topic in the field of artificial intelligence. With the rise and development of machine learning and deep learning methods, swarm intelligence algorithms have become a hot research direction, and combining image processing technology with swarm intelligence algorithms has become a new and effective improvement method. Swarm intelligence algorithm refers to an intelligent computing method formed by simulating the evolutionary laws, behavior characteristics, and thinking patterns of insects, birds, natural phenomena, and other biological populations. It has efficient and parallel global optimization capabilities and strong optimization performance. In this paper, the ant colony algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, sparrow search algorithm, bat algorithm, thimble colony algorithm, and other swarm intelligent optimization algorithms are deeply studied. The model, features, improvement strategies, and application fields of the algorithm in image processing, such as image segmentation, image matching, image classification, image feature extraction, and image edge detection, are comprehensively reviewed. The theoretical research, improvement strategies, and application research of image processing are comprehensively analyzed and compared. Combined with the current literature, the improvement methods of the above algorithms and the comprehensive improvement and application of image processing technology are analyzed and summarized. The representative algorithms of the swarm intelligence algorithm combined with image segmentation technology are extracted for list analysis and summary. Then, the unified framework, common characteristics, different differences of the swarm intelligence algorithm are summarized, existing problems are raised, and finally, the future trend is projected.
Biofunctionalisation of Polypyrrole Nanowires Array with Sulfite Oxidase Coupled with the Integration of Platinum Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Amperometric Detection of Sulfite
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Adeloju Samuel B.
Published: June 2023

Sulfite determination in foods and alcoholic beverages is a common requirement by food and drug administration organisations in most countries. In this study, the enzyme, sulfite oxidase (SOx), is used to biofunctionalise a platinum-nanoparticle-modified polypyrrole nanowire array (PPyNWA) for the ultrasensitive amperometric detection of sulfite. A dual-step anodisation method was used to prepare the anodic aluminum oxide membrane used as a template for the initial fabrication of the PPyNWA. PtNPs were subsequently deposited on the PPyNWA by potential cycling in a platinum solution. The resulting PPyNWA-PtNP electrode was then biofuntionalised by adsorption of SOx onto the surface. The confirmation of the adsorption of SOx and the presence of PtNPs in the PPyNWA-PtNPs-SOx biosensor was verified by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements were used to investigate the properties of the nanobiosensor and to optimise its use for sulfite detection. Ultrasensitive detection of sulfite with the PPyNWA-PtNPs-SOx nanobiosensor was accomplished by use of 0.3 M pyrrole, 10 U mL−1 of SOx, adsorption time of 8 h, a polymerisation period of 900 s, and an applied current density of 0.7 mA cm−2. The response time of the nanobiosensor was 2 s, and its excellent analytical performance was substantiated with a sensitivity of 57.33 μA cm−2 mM−1, a limit of detection of 12.35 nM, and a linear response range from 0.12 to 1200 μM. Application of the nanobiosensor to sulfite determination in beer and wine samples was achieved with a recovery efficiency of 97–103%.
How AI’s Self-Prolongation Influences People’s Perceptions of Its Autonomous Mind: The Case of U.S. Residents
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Jin Ruining , La Minh-Khanh , Le Tam-Tri
Published: June 2023

The expanding integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in various aspects of society makes the infosphere around us increasingly complex. Humanity already faces many obstacles trying to have a better understanding of our own minds, but now we have to continue finding ways to make sense of the minds of AI. The issue of AI’s capability to have independent thinking is of special attention. When dealing with such an unfamiliar concept, people may rely on existing human properties, such as survival desire, to make assessments. Employing information-processing-based Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics on a dataset of 266 residents in the United States, we found that the more people believe that an AI agent seeks continued functioning, the more they believe in that AI agent’s capability of having a mind of its own. Moreover, we also found that the above association becomes stronger if a person is more familiar with personally interacting with AI. This suggests a directional pattern of value reinforcement in perceptions of AI. As the information processing of AI becomes even more sophisticated in the future, it will be much harder to set clear boundaries about what it means to have an autonomous mind.
Experimental Investigation on Dehumidification Using a Solid Composite Bio Desiccant Internally Cooled Using Nanofluids for Building Cooling
Authors: Kumar Shiva , Hariharan Girish , Fayaz Muhammad , Kumar Nitesh
Published: June 2023

Indoor comfort has become a major factor with advancements in science and technology. This also leads to an increase in greenhouse gases as well as energy consumption. Desiccant-coated heat exchangers are one of the common solutions to these risks and to lower energy usage. In the present work, the capability of a solid composite desiccant blend prepared from coconut shell-based activated carbon and bio char was studied. Aluminum plates have been coated with the prepared solid desiccants. Desiccant-coated heat exchangers were cooled by the cerium oxide nanofluid passing through the pipes connected along the length of the heat exchanger. Air was blown through the plates where dehumidification occurs due to the vapor pressure difference between the air and the desiccant-coated plate. The experiments were conducted by varying the air velocity, water flow rate, and nanoparticle concentration. The nanoparticle volume fraction varied from 0.05% to 0.3%. Different performance parameters such as the moisture removal rate, dehumidification efficiency, cooling capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP) were calculated. Results showed that the performance parameters were enhanced with an increase in the water flow rate as well as the air flow rate. Furthermore, it was seen that with the addition and increase in nanoparticle concentration, the moisture removal rate and dehumidification efficiency were enhanced. In comparison to no addition of nanoparticles, a 0.3% addition of nanoparticles demonstrated a maximum increase in MRR of 53% and dehumidification efficiency of 57%. A maximum reduction of 6.1% in the dehumidification area was achieved by using 0.3% nanoparticles with water. It is recommended to use nanofluids for dehumidification using solid desiccants, which can enhance the performance without having negative influence on the environment.
CRISPR/Cas9 Knock-Out in Primary Neonatal and Adult Cardiomyocytes Reveals Distinct cAMP Dynamics Regulation by Various PDE2A and PDE3A Isoforms
Authors: Skryabin Egor B. , De Jong Kirstie A. , Subramanian Hariharan , Bork Nadja I. , Froese Alexander , Skryabin Boris V. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O.
Published: June 2023

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 2A (PDE2A) and PDE3A play an important role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-to-cAMP crosstalk. Each of these PDEs has up to three distinct isoforms. However, their specific contributions to cAMP dynamics are difficult to explore because it has been challenging to generate isoform-specific knock-out mice or cells using conventional methods. Here, we studied whether the CRISPR/Cas9 approach for precise genome editing can be used to knock out Pde2a and Pde3a genes and their distinct isoforms using adenoviral gene transfer in neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes. Cas9 and several specific gRNA constructs were cloned and introduced into adenoviral vectors. Primary adult and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were transduced with different amounts of Cas9 adenovirus in combination with PDE2A or PDE3A gRNA constructs and cultured for up to 6 (adult) or 14 (neonatal) days to analyze PDE expression and live cell cAMP dynamics. A decline in mRNA expression for PDE2A (~80%) and PDE3A (~45%) was detected as soon as 3 days post transduction, with both PDEs being reduced at the protein level by >50–60% in neonatal cardiomyocytes (after 14 days) and >95% in adult cardiomyocytes (after 6 days). This correlated with the abrogated effects of selective PDE inhibitors in the live cell imaging experiments based on using cAMP biosensor measurements. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that only the PDE2A2 isoform was expressed in neonatal myocytes, while adult cardiomyocytes expressed all three PDE2A isoforms (A1, A2, and A3) which contributed to the regulation of cAMP dynamics as detected by live cell imaging. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective tool for the in vitro knock-out of PDEs and their specific isoforms in primary somatic cells. This novel approach suggests distinct regulation of live cell cAMP dynamics by various PDE2A and PDE3A isoforms in neonatal vs. adult cardiomyocytes.
Accuracy of Multimodality Fetal Imaging (US, MRI, and CT) for Congenital Musculoskeletal Anomalies
Authors: Bisht Roy U. , Belthur Mohan V. , Singleton Ian M. , Goncalves Luis F.
Published: June 2023

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line diagnostic tool used to assess fetal musculoskeletal (MSK) anomalies. Associated anomalies in other organ systems may benefit from evaluation via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of US and MRI to diagnose fetal MSK (primary objective) and non-MSK anomalies (secondary objective). We describe additional findings by low-dose computerized tomography (CT) in two cases incompletely characterized via US and MRI. Materials and Methods: This was an IRB-approved retrospective study of consecutive patients with suspected fetal MSK anomalies examined between December 2015 and June 2020. We compared individual MSK and non-MSK anomalies identified via US, MRI, and CT with postnatal outcomes. Sensitivity and specificity for US and MRI were calculated and compared. Results: A total of 31 patients with 112 MSK and 43 non-MSK anomalies were included. The sensitivity of MRI and US for MSK anomalies was not significantly different (76.6% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.3). Low-dose CT identified eight additional skeletal anomalies. MRI diagnosed a higher number of non-MSK anomalies compared to US (81.4% vs. 37.2%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Fetal MRI and US have comparable sensitivity for MSK anomalies. In selected cases, low-dose CT may provide additional information. Fetal MRI detected a larger number of non-MSK anomalies in other organ systems compared to US. Multimodality imaging combining all the information provided by MRI, US, and CT, if necessary, ultimately achieved a sensitivity of 89.2% (95% CI: 83.4% to 95.0%) for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal anomalies and 81.4% for additional anomalies in other organs and systems.
Structural, Surface, and Optical Properties of AlN Thin Films Grown on Different Substrates by PEALD
Authors: Liu Sanjie , Li Yangfeng , Tao Jiayou , Tang Ruifan , Zheng Xinhe
Published: June 2023

Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition was employed to grow aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films on Si (100), Si (111), and c-plane sapphire substrates at 250 °C. Trimethylaluminum and Ar/N2/H2 plasma were utilized as Al and N precursors, respectively. The properties of AlN thin films grown on various substrates were comparatively analyzed. The investigation revealed that the as-grown AlN thin films exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred c-axis orientation and were polycrystalline, regardless of the substrates. The sharp AlN/substrate interfaces of the as-grown AlN are indicated by the clearly resolved Kiessig fringes measured through X-ray reflectivity. The surface morphology analysis indicated that the AlN grown on sapphire displays the largest crystal grain size and surface roughness value. Additionally, AlN/Si (100) shows the highest refractive index at a wavelength of 532 nm. Compared to AlN/sapphire, AlN/Si has a lower wavelength with an extinction coefficient of zero, indicating that AlN/Si has higher transmittance in the visible range. Overall, the study offers valuable insights into the properties of AlN thin films and their potential applications in optoelectronic devices, and provides a new technical idea for realizing high-quality AlN thin films with sharp AlN/substrate interfaces and smooth surfaces.
Study and Design of the Mitigation Structure of a Shell PBX Charge under Thermal Stimulation
Authors: Liang Jiahao , Nie Jianxin , Liu Rui , Han Ming , Jiao Gangling , Sun Xiaole , Wang Xiaoju , Huang Bo
Published: June 2023

To study the design method and pressure relief effect of the mitigation structure of a shell under the action of thermal stimulation, a systematic research method of theoretical calculation-simulation-experimental verification of the mitigation structure was established. Taking the shelled PBX charge as the test material, the pressure relief area that can effectively reduce the reaction intensity of the charge is obtained by theoretical calculation. The influence of the pressure relief hole area, distribution mode, and other factors on the pressure relief effect is calculated by simulation. The pressure relief effect of the mitigation structure was verified by the low-melting alloy plug with refined crystal structure for sealing the pressure relief hole and the cook-off test. The research results show that the critical pressure relief area is when the ratio of the area of the pressure relief hole to the surface area of the charge is AV/SB = 0.0189. When the number of openings increases to 6, the required pressure relief coefficient decreases to AV/SB = 0.0110; When the length/diameter ratio is greater than 5, the opening at one end cannot satisfy the reliable pressure relief of the shell. The designed low-melting-point alloy mitigation structure can form an effective pressure relief channel. With the increase in AV/SB from 0.0045 to 0.0180, the reaction intensity of the cook-off bomb is significantly reduced in both fast and slow cook-off, which improves the safety of the charge when subjected to unexpected thermal stimulation.
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Sequence with Fat Suppression for Assessment of Ankle Synovitis without Contrast Enhancement: Comparison with Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Kang Ji Hee , Moon Sung Gyu , Jung Hong-Geun , Kwon Eun Young
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence with fat suppression (FLAIR-FS) for the assessment of ankle synovitis without contrast enhancement. FLAIR-FS and contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted sequences (CE-T1) of 94 ankles were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. Grading of synovial visibility (four-point scale) and semi-quantitative scoring of synovial thickness (three-point scale) were performed in four compartments of the ankle in both sequences. Synovial visibility and thickness in FLAIR-FS and CE-T1 images were compared, and agreement between both sequences was assessed. Synovial visibility grades and synovial thickness scores for FLAIR-FS images were lower than those for CE-T1 images (reader 1, p = 0.016, p < 0.001; reader 2, p = 0.009, p < 0.001). Dichotomized synovial visibility grades (partial vs. full visibility) were not significantly different between both sequences. The agreement in synovial thickness scores between the FLAIR-FS and CE-T1 images was moderate to substantial (κ = 0.41–0.65). The interobserver agreement between the two readers was fair for synovial visibility (κ = 0.27–0.32) and moderate to substantial for synovial thickness (κ = 0.54–0.74). In conclusion, FLAIR-FS is a feasible MRI sequence for the evaluation of ankle synovitis without contrast enhancement.
Mechanism Analysis of Airbag Explosion Suppression and Energy Absorption in a Flexible Explosion Suppression System
Authors: Wang Yajun , Ma Huihuan , Han Li , Xu Xiuyan , SKRZYPKOWSKI Krzysztof , BASCOMPTA Marc
Published: June 2023

The unfixed flame propagation velocity of a gas explosion and the fixed response time of explosion suppression devices are the important reasons for the poor protective effect of active explosion suppression. A flexible explosion suppression method based on buffer energy absorption is detailed in this study. The explosion suppression system consists of an explosive characteristic monitoring system, an explosion suppression agent system, and an explosion suppression airbag. An empty pipe experiment and an explosion suppression experiment with a flexible-airbag gas-explosion suppression device were conducted in a 20.5 m-long pipe with an inner diameter of 180 mm. The flame propagation velocity and maximum overpressure values were compared between the two groups of experiments. The experimental results show that the flame wave propagation can be completely suppressed by the explosion suppression device under certain pressure. The occurrence time of maximum overpressure at each pressure measuring point is also analyzed. P3 is generally later than P4, which verifies the existence of energy absorption and explosion suppression effect of airbag. Finally, the energy absorption effect of the airbag is analyzed theoretically. The shock wave overpressure calculated in the sealing limit state of the airbag is 0.3432 MPa, and the maximum error is 7.8%, which provides reliable guidance and prediction for the experimental process in the future.
Allometric Growth of the Enigmatic Deep-Sea Megamouth Shark Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno, and Struhsaker, 1983 (Lamniformes, Megachasmidae)
Authors: Yun Chan-gyu , Watanabe Yuuki Y.
Published: June 2023

Megamouth sharks Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno, and Struhsaker, 1983, are a large-bodied, planktivorous, deep-sea species with peculiar morphology. Since their initial description in the late 20th century, many individuals of different sizes have been reported, but few studies examined ontogenetic changes in body shapes. Here, we assess the growth changes in their heads and fins based on length measurements from nine different-sized individuals (177–544 cm in total length). Bivariate analyses showed that the head becomes larger relative to body length with increasing body size (i.e., positive allometry), whereas the relative size of the caudal fin remains constant (i.e., isometric growth). This trend differs from basking sharks and apparently resembles whale sharks and some baleen whales, although they are all large-bodied filter feeders. Given that relative mouth size is linked to feeding modes, our results suggest that megamouth sharks have different feeding modes from ram-feeding basking sharks and may have some similarity with suction-feeding whale sharks and engulfment-feeding baleen whales.
Application of a Reduced-Dimensional Model for Fluid Flow between Stacks of Parallel Plates with Complex Surface Topography
Authors: Sun Yupeng , Hassan Hafiz Muhammad Adeel , Alexandersen Joe
Published: June 2023

Stacked plate heat exchangers are widely used in thermal energy storage systems and a comprehensive and accurate analysis is necessary for their application and optimization. The fluid flow distribution between the plates is important to ensure even and full usage of the thermal energy storage potential. However, due to the complex topography of the plate surface, it would be computationally expensive to simulate the flow distribution in the multiple channels using a full three-dimensional model, so this work applies a reduced-dimensional model to significantly reduce the computational cost of the simulation and provides a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the internal structure on the internal flow distribution. The work extends a previously presented model to consider transient flow and a multichannel height distribution strategy to allow for simulating multiple channels between stacks of plates. Based on fully-developed flow assumptions, the three-dimensional model is reduced to a planar model, thus obtaining simulation results with satisfactory accuracy at a significantly lower computational cost. The model is verified by a three-dimensional simulation of a sliced two-channel model representing the considered system. The reduced-dimensional model gives similar results to the three-dimensional model for different geometrical and physical parameters. Lastly, the extended reduced-dimensional model is used to simulate the flow of a full two-channel model and the influence of the plate topography on the internal flow distribution is investigated through a comprehensive parametric analysis. The analysis shows that the complex topography of the plate surface eliminates the variation in inlet velocity and significantly changes the internal fluid flow, eventually resulting in a consistent velocity distribution.
Analysis of Metabolic Components of JUNCAO Wine Based on GC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Fan Jinlin , Xiao Zheng , Qiu Wanwei , Zhao Chao , Yi Chao , Lin Dongmei , Lin Zhanxi
Published: June 2023

JUNCAO wine fermentation metabolites are closely related to the final quality of the product. Currently, there are no studies of dynamic metabolite changes during fermentation of JUNCAO wine. Here, we used gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis to explore the relationship between metabolites and fermentation time. A total of 189 metabolites were annotated throughout the fermentation process. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between the samples in the early and late stages of fermentation. A total of 60 metabolites were annotated as differential during the fermentation (variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1, and p < 0.05), including 21 organic acids, 10 amino acids, 15 sugars and sugar alcohols, and 14 other metabolites. Pathway analysis showed that the most commonly influenced pathways (impact value > 0.1 and p < 0.05) were tricarboxylic acid cycle, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and other 10 metabolic pathways. Moreover, integrated metabolic pathways are generated to understand the conversion and accumulation of differential metabolites. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive overview of metabolite changes during fermentation of JUNCAO wine.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Cd, Cu, and Fe in Different Brands of Craft Beers from Quito, Ecuador
Authors: López-Balladares Oscar , Espinoza-Montero Patricio J. , Fernández Lenys
Published: June 2023

The presence of heavy metals in craft beers can endanger human health if the total metal content exceeds the exposure limits recommended by sanitary standards; in addition, they can cause damage to the quality of the beer. In this work, the concentration of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) was determined in 13 brands of craft beer with the highest consumption in Quito, Ecuador, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), using as boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode. The BDD electrode used has favorable morphological and electrochemical properties for the detection of metals such as Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III). A granular morphology with microcrystals with an average size between 300 and 2000 nm could be verified for the BDD electrode using a scanning electron microscope. Double layer capacitance of the BDD electrode was 0.01412 μF cm−2, a relatively low value; Ipox/Ipred ratios were 0.99 for the potassium ferro-ferricyanide system in BDD, demonstrating that the redox process is quasi-reversible. The figures of merit for Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III) were; DL of 6.31, 1.76, and 1.72 μg L−1; QL of 21.04, 5.87, and 5.72 μg L−1, repeatability of 1.06, 2.43, and 1.34%, reproducibility of 1.61, 2.94, and 1.83% and percentage of recovery of 98.18, 91.68, and 91.68%, respectively. It is concluded that the DPASV method on BDD has acceptable precision and accuracy for the quantification of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Fe(III), and it was verified that some beers did not comply with the permissible limits of food standards.
Characteristics of New Stochastic Solitonic Solutions for the Chiral Type of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Abdelwahed H. G. , Alsarhana A. F. , El-Shewy E. K. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E.
Published: June 2023

The Wiener process was used to explore the (2 + 1)-dimensional chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE). This model outlines the energy characteristics of quantum physics’ fractional Hall effect edge states. The sine-Gordon expansion technique (SGET) was implemented to extract stochastic solutions for the CNLSE through multiplicative noise effects. This method accurately described a variety of solitary behaviors, including bright solitons, dark periodic envelopes, solitonic forms, and dissipative and dissipative–soliton-like waves, showing how the solutions changed as the values of the studied system’s physical parameters were changed. The stochastic parameter was shown to affect the damping, growth, and conversion effects on the bright (dark) envelope and shock-forced oscillatory wave energy, amplitudes, and frequencies. In addition, the intensity of noise resulted in enormous periodic envelope stochastic structures and shock-forced oscillatory behaviors. The proposed technique is applicable to various energy equations in the nonlinear applied sciences.
Optimizing Medication Safety with Oral Antitumor Therapy: A Methodological Approach for the Real-World Implementation of the AMBORA Competence and Consultation Center
Authors: Cuba Lisa , Schlichtig Katja , Dürr Pauline , Inwald Elisabeth C. , Fromm Martin F. , Dörje Frank
Published: June 2023

Generating evidence for the efficacy of an intervention is not sufficient to guarantee its implementation in real-world settings. The randomized AMBORA trial (Medication Safety with Oral Antitumor Therapy) demonstrated that an intensified clinical pharmacological/pharmaceutical care program has substantial benefits for patients, treatment teams, and the healthcare system. Thus, we are now investigating its implementation into routine care within the AMBORA Competence and Consultation Center (AMBORA Center). We perform a multicenter type III hybrid trial following the RE-AIM framework to assess the clinical effectiveness of this care program under real-world conditions, while evaluating the implementation outcomes. Semi-structured stakeholder interviews based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) have been conducted to identify barriers and facilitators. So far, 332 patients treated with oral antitumor drugs have been referred to the AMBORA Center by 66 physicians from 13 independent clinical units. In 20 stakeholder interviews (e.g., with clinic directors), 30% (6/20) of the interviewees anticipated possible barriers which may partly hinder sustainable implementation (e.g., unavailable consultation rooms). Furthermore, important facilitators (e.g., operational processes) were identified. This methodological description adds knowledge on how to structure a hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial and proposes multilevel implementation strategies to improve the medication safety of oral antitumor therapy.
Development and Use of Assistive Technologies in Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review of Reviews on the Evolution, Opportunities, and Bottlenecks of Their Integration in the Health Domain
Authors: Morone Giovanni , Pirrera Antonia , Iannone Antonio , Giansanti Daniele
Published: June 2023

Assistive technologies are increasingly taking a leading role in supporting people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This narrative review of reviews intends to contribute by making a map point investigating the integration of ATs in SCI. The methodology of the review was based on: (I) a search of PubMed and Scopus and (II) an eligibility assessment using specific parameters. The outcome highlighted the following: -The evolution of ATs considered in the context of SCI, considering ATs as both products and/or services in standalone and/or networked devices, and as processes of delivery. -Innovative technologies could play an important role in improving the quality of life and in minimizing costs in healthcare. -The international scientific community has identified ATs as one of the six strategic development areas in SCI. The overview also allowed the detection of some problems: (I) The ethical and regulatory aspects have been addressed in a weak way and only in specific and limited cases. (II) There is a lack of studies on the use and applications of ATs in SCI with a focus in multiple domains (e.g., costs, acceptance, dissemination, problems, regulatory aspects, ethical aspects, and other issues important for integration into the health domain). This review highlights the need for further studies and activities focused on integrating consensus in multiple domains, including ethics and regulations, to aid researchers and decision-makers in the field.
Health Utilities of Bilateral Severe-to-Profound Hearing Loss with Assistive Devices
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Lin Pei-Hsuan , Fang Te-Yung , Wu Chen-Chi , Wang Pa-Chun , Wang Han , Ko Yu
Published: June 2023

Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder in newborns. Early intervention with assistive devices benefits children’s auditory and speech performance. This study aimed to measure the health utilities of children with bilateral severe-to-profound hearing impairment with different assistive devices. The descriptions of four hypothetical health states were developed, and their utility values were obtained from healthcare professionals via the visual analogue scale (VAS) and time trade-off (TTO) methods. Thirty-seven healthcare professionals completed the TTO interview and were included in the analysis. The mean utility scores obtained via VAS were 0.31 for no assistive devices, 0.41 for bilateral hearing aids, 0.63 for bimodal hearing, and 0.82 for bilateral cochlear implants. As for the utility scores obtained via TTO, mean values were 0.60, 0.69, 0.81, and 0.90, respectively. None of the four groups had the same VAS- or TTO-elicited utility (p < 0.001). The post hoc test results showed that the difference was significant between any two groups (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study elicited health utility of bilateral hearing impairment with different assistive devices using the VAS and TTO methods. The utility values obtained provide critical data for future cost–utility analysis and health technology assessment.
Stone Endurance: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Artificial Weathering on Stone Longevity
Authors: Lisci Carla , Sitzia Fabio , Pires Vera , Aniceto Marco , Mirão José
Published: June 2023

The long-term endurance of building stones must be assured since their longevity has repercussions for their economic and social value. Frequently, slabs for flooring and cladding are installed with polished finishing in outdoor environments for technical and ornamental purposes in cultural heritage sites and modern civil architecture. Compared to any other finishing, glossy surfaces are rather vulnerable to wear, particularly when they interact with slightly acidic rainwater. Several hydrophobic treatments are applied to prevent this damage by preventing contact between rain and stone; such treatments are efficient but sometimes non-durable. Stakeholders and conservation scientists need better methods to anticipate the future behaviour of this building material and hydrophobic solutions. Complying with this demand, a comparison is made between outdoor natural ageing and artificial weathering, reproduced by UVA radiation, moisture and spray accelerated weathering. Artificial weathering is applied to predict the behaviour of stones over time in the real environment. Data obtained through the measurement of gloss and colour parameters, the detection of micro-textures through SEM, and the calculation of micro-roughness using a digital rugosimeter demonstrate that weakly acidic rainwater is the main cause of superficial decay of stone finishing over just six months of outdoor exposure. This period corresponds to 7–14 days of artificial weathering. Furthermore, the loss of efficiency and durability of the hydrophobic coatings is detected by measuring the static contact angle. This highlights that even if a protective treatment was proficient, it could easily deteriorate in normal weathering conditions if applied on polished, low-porosity stone. Additionally, water vapour permeability indicates variations of regular vapour transmission through the stones due to ageing. The first solution to threats is the prevention of pathologies, including aesthetic ones. A careful choice of the most suitable lithotype finish and an environmental study represent an existing solution to the problem. It must be highlighted that aesthetic requirements should not be prioritised to detriment of the technical requirements of architectural quality, performance, durability, and safety.
An Efficient Breeding Method for Eupeodes corollae (Diptera: Syrphidae), a Pollinator and Insect Natural Enemy in Facility-Horticulture Crops
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Kongming
Published: June 2023

Facility horticulture plays a crucial role in modern agriculture by utilizing the environment efficiently and ensuring food supply. The hoverfly Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae) performs a dual ecological function in facility agriculture as larvae prey on aphids and adults pollinate, but it is not widely applied in agriculture due to the lack of a large-scale breeding technology. In this study, we investigated the effects of different factors on the development and reproduction of the prey (i.e., aphids), eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of E. corollae, and determined its propagation techniques. We transferred five pairs of newly emerging E. corollae adults and 40 broad bean plantlets infested with Aphis craccivora Koch to an insect cage. Aphid-infested broad bean seedlings were replaced each day to encourage E. corollae reproduction. Following hatching, we fed the E. corollae larvae with mixed populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Megour japonica Matsumura and A. craccivora in insect boxes, and covered E. corollae pupae with fresh broad bean leaves. Based on the experiment results, an average female E. corollae produced 584.9 eggs. Survival, pupation and emergence rates were 91.1%, 100% and 96.3%, respectively. In conclusion, each pair of E. corollae adults produced 391 adult offspring (58.8% females). This research supplies an optimized mass-breeding technique for commercial production of the hoverfly, which will be helpful to promote its application in the production of green fruits and vegetables.