bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La formación de trabajo social en Nicaragua. Reflexiones académicas
Authors: Prado H. Iris
Published: June 2017

En este artículo, la autora se refiere a dos elementos que se relacionan y que se condicionan mutuamente: primero, los distintos momentos y situaciones por las que ha pasado la sociedad nicaragüense, y segundo, el desarrollo que la profesión ha tenido como disciplina de las Ciencias Sociales. A partir de ello, identifica aquellos momentos históricos más importantes para el desarrollo de la profesión en nuestro país y la forma en que esto ha influido en los procesos de formación en Trabajo Social; presenta el perfil profesional y plan de estudios que en estos momentos se está desarrollando en la Universidad Centroamericana; un breve diagnóstico de la situación actual y por último los retos y desafíos a los que nos enfrentamos como carrera de Trabajo Social y Gestión del Desarrollo.
Participación y búsqueda del desarrollo humano
Authors: Palacios N. Martha Cecilia
Published: June 2017

La autora se pregunta si existe claridad de la importancia de la participación para alcanzar exitosamente los objetivos que pueden proponerse una institución, programa o proyecto, o más aún, para avanzar en el logro de un desarrollo "humano sostenible". También se pregunta: ¿Por qué no hay satisfacción en la forma en que la gente participa? Qué es lo que falta para que esa participación sea efectiva? En este artículo expone algunas ideas que intentan dar respuestas a los interrogantes anteriores, siendo su interés principal que puedan ser útiles para la reflexión de profesionales que gerencian y/o brindan servicios diversos dirigidos a sectores poblacionales afectados por múltiples carencias
Gioconda Belli: con palabra de mujer
Authors: López Astudillo Sandra Elisabeth
Published: June 2017

Isabel Allende, Laura Esquivel, Marcela Serrano, Angeles Mastreta, Alicia Yánez y Gioconda Belli entre otras pueden considerar como la primera generación de grandes escritoras que han hecho un aporte significativo a la literatura. A partir de sus obras se aprecia la incorporación de nuevos códigos en las letras que podrían especificarse como femeninos. Específicamente, al abordar el estudio de la literatura en prosa de Gioconda Belli se intenta buscar y visualizar algunas señales de lo que puede constituir un estilo de literatura que empieza a reducir su marco de referencia hacia una serie de elementos que presentan los diversos estereotipos sociales y las variadas formas de construcción de las identidades desde una expresión que pone a consideración del gran cosmos cada microcomponente, cada mujer
¿Comprendemos realmente el significado del ALCA?
Authors: Zelaya Martínez Orlando , Murillo Orozco Luis
Published: June 2017

Después de finalizada la segunda guerra mundial, Estados Unidos se convierte en el gendarme del mundo tanto en lo económico como en lo político, razón por cual decide no únicamente convertirse en el banquero del mundo, sino en su salvador ante el potencial peligro que representaba el comunismo como sistema. De esta forma crea un nuevo tipo de guerra de intensidad en el enfrentamiento directo, pero trasladando tal circunstancia al campo de la amenaza nuclear. Nos estamos refiriendo a la "Guerra Fría": el incentivo para que las dos nuevas potencias militares del mundo desarrollen una infraestructura de industria pesada bélica.
Incidencia del CAFTA sobre la agricultura familiar en las zonas secas de Nicaragua
Authors: Baires Sabrina , Dietsch Laurent , Picado Claudia
Published: June 2017

En 2002, el Programa de Desarrollo Agrario y Rural de la Universidad Centroamericana (ADAA-UCA) realizó una caracterización agro socioeconómica de las zonas secas de Nicaragua a solicitud del Programa Tropisec. Para ello realizó una extensiva recopilación bibliográfica utilizando fuentes muy diversas (INEC, INETER, MAGFOR, Censo Agropecuario 2002, informes PMJD, etcétera).
No confundamos TLC´s con procesos de integración
Authors: Murillo Orozco Luis
Published: June 2017

Este análisis es apenas una pequeña contribución que pretende aportar el autor a fin de dilucidar un poco la confusión que existe actualmente, entre los procesos de apertura comercial y de integración económica. Ambas procesos son fenómenos que se encuentran presentes en el contexto actual y que si no se hacen reflexiones desde los propios afectados, luego solamente nos quedará aceptar los efectos adversos que de ellos se deriven, sobre todo de los procesos de liberalización económica (TLC s) que los teóricos del neoliberalismo hacen pasar como un sofisma de integración entre países.
¿Falsas promesas? El impacto de la titulación de la tierra en el acceso al crédito y al mercado de tierras. Un estudio de caso en Nicaragua
Authors: Broegaar Rikke J.
Published: June 2017

Los sistemas de tenencia de la tierra dan forma al desarrollo económico, a la formulación de políticas y a las estructuras de poder dentro de la sociedad. Tienen, asimismo, una fuerte influencia en la distribución de la riqueza dentro de una sociedad. No obstante, a pesar de décadas de reforma agraria en toda América Latina, las más grandes y mejores extensiones de tierra siguen concentradas en manos de grandes terratenientes. El resultado es que las brechas sociales y económicas entre los ricos y los pobres siguen creciendo y la población rural pobre enfrenta condiciones de vida cada vez más precarias (El-Ghonemy 1990, 1999).
Conocimiento local sobre el uso y manejo de los árboles en las fincas ganaderas del municipio de Belén, Rivas
Authors: Joya Mariana , López Marlon , Gómez René , Harvey Celia A.
Published: June 2017

El conocimiento local es todo el conocimiento que se maneja en una cierta localidad, tanto si procede de la experiencia propia de la zona o se deriva de capacitaciones, educación o interacciones con Otras (Sinclair & Walter, 1999). En las comunidades rurales, el conocimiento local de productores puede ser muy amplio, incluyendo conocimiento sobre el uso de recursos naturales y procesos ecológicos, entre otros. En años recientes, se ha reconocido la importancia de documentar y recopilar el conocimiento local de los productores y utilizarlos como insumo para el desarrollo agrícola y en los proyectos y programas de asistencia técnica (Sinclair & Walker, 1999).
Toma de decisiones de los productores sobre la eliminación, retención, selección y aprovechamiento de los árboles y sus efectos sobre la cobertura arbórea de los potreros en fincas de Belén — Rivas, Nicaragua 2003
Authors: López Fátima , Gómez René , López Marlon , Harvey Celia A. , Sinclair Fergus L.
Published: June 2017

La ganadería es un rubro importante de la economía de Nicaragua, con un aporte al producto interno bruto en el período 1990 — 2001 estimado de entre el 4 y el 6 % (http://www.mific.gob.ni/Cluster/end carne.doc). Actualmente, 13 millones de están dedicadas a la ganadería, lo que significa el del territorio nacional (Pomareda, 1998). En departamento de Rivas, predomina la explotación ganadera extensiva con un manejo tradicional de doble propósito, leche y Carne, mayoritariamente en manos de pequeños y medianos productores. Estas fincas aún mantienen una variada cobertura arbórea que incluye bosques, bosques riparios, charrales, cercas vivas y árboles dispersos en los potreros, aunque las densidades y la composición varían de una finca a otra (López, et al. , 2003).
Caracterización del componente arbóreo en los sistemas ganaderos de Rivas, Nicaragua
Authors: López Marlon , Gómez René , Harvey Celia , Villanueva Cristóbal
Published: June 2017

Los árboles dispersos en los potreros y las cercas vivas están presentes en casi todas las regiones de Nicaragua porque constituyen una estrategia para proveer y sombra a los animales, y generan otros beneficios, como madera y postes. En Rivas, la mayor parte de los agricultores (52%) poseen árboles dispersos de una gran diversidad de especies forestales dentro de Sus fincas (López, 1994). Por otro lado, muchas fincas ganaderas tienen cercas vivas para separar los pastizales.
Diseño e implementación de un Plan de Manejo para el Sistema de Humedales de la Bahía de Bluefields, Nicaragua: En la búsqueda del manejo sostenible en áreas marino-costeras
Authors: Castrillo López Milton Saúl
Published: June 2017

El Sistema de Humedales de la Bahía de Bluefields está conformado por diversos ecosistemas desde salados y salobres a dulceacuícolas, distribuidos en el entorno de la Bahía, que en realidad es una laguna costera. El Sistema se extiende en un área de un poco más de 1000 Km2. Las cuencas que drenan sobre el Sistema son las del Río Escondido y la del Río Kukra, con un área total de 12,700 km2. Los aportes de aguas oceánicas llegan por medio de dos bocas: el Bluff y Hone Sound. Las principales formaciones vegetales presentes son: las llanuras de inundación, los bosques pantanosos y los manglares, que proveen áreas para reproducción, crianza y dispersión a fauna acuática y terrestre. En el área se asienta una población multiétnica (Creoles, Ramas y mestizos principalmente). Los principales procesos naturales que se dan en el sistema sustentan pesquerías artesanales (peces, camarones, langostas, ostras, cangrejos y otros), que son la base económica y cultural de los grupos étnicos, especialmente del grupo Rama. La mayor parte del Sistema se encuentra dentro del área reconocida como Reserva Natural Cerro Silva y se está regenerando después de ser devastado por el huracán "Juana" en 1988. En la actualidad, la zona tiene problemas de contaminación y como consecuencia de los efectos del aumento poblacional, principalmente traducidos en incendios continuos y deforestación, que han afectado de manera drástica sus funciones y atributos
Comercio de psitácidos en Nicaragua, del bosque a Managua. Evaluación de la procedencia, métodos de captura y beneficios financieros de la actividad
Authors: Herrera Scott Edgard
Published: June 2017

De acuerdo con Collar y Juniper (1992), la mayoría de los psitácidos globalmente amenazados se encuentran en regiones donde la destrucción de la vegetación natural ha sido, y continua siendo, particularmente severa. Si bien Nicaragua no tiene especies globalmente amenazadas de extinción, un acelerado proceso de deforestación ha estado afectando a todo el país, y el riesgo de extinción local es alto para las poblaciones de loras nicaragüenses, (Pérez, 1997) especialmente para las lapas (Collar y Juniper, 1992; Snyder et al. 1992; Wiedenfield et al., 1999). Varias especies de psitácidos, especialmente las lapas, han sido extirpadas de extensos territorios en la planicie del Pacífico del país, donde habitaban hace varias décadas (Ridgely 1980; Wiedenfield et al., 1999; Kainer, 1991; Martínez, 1991).
La taxonomía al servicio de la sociedad: el caso de la clave taxonómica malacológica del Pacífico de Nicaragua
Authors: Mijail Pérez Antonio , Torres Sergio
Published: June 2017

Como señalaron Mayr y Ashlock (1993), la utilización de claves de identificación es imprescindible para la optimización del tiempo en la de un nombre a una especie determinada, ya que cuando se trata identificar una especie poco conocida, existen sólo dos vías posibles: la identificación por vía de un experto o la utilización de claves.
Presentación
Authors: Rodríguez Wendy Bellanger
Published: June 2017

Con la intención de ofrecer cada una de sus ediciones a un perfil más amplio de lectores, Encuentro decide flexibilizar su estilo e incluir números pluritemáticos en su colección. Iniciando el 2005 presentamos nuestro primer número con temas variados, confiamos en que este cambio no sólo despierte el interés de nuevos lectores, sino que además, estimule a los académicos en general a enviar sus contribuciones a la revista en cualquier momento del año.
Las alteraciones o perturbaciones psíquicas como causas de inculpabilidad: problemática especial en el ámbito de las psicopatías.
Authors: Vega Gutiérrez Zamyr
Published: June 2017

Como es sabido, las alteraciones o perturbaciones psíquicas constituyen las causas de inimputabilidad por excelencia, ya que pese a que históricamente las legislaciones hacían responder penalmente al enfermo mental, con posterioridad se estableció un sistema en que éstos sólo podían ser sujetos de medidas especiales, como por ejemplo, el internamiento asegurativo.
Violencia intrafamiliar: "Del silencio aterrador a la palabra liberadora"
Authors: Vanegas Guido Marisol
Published: June 2017

La violencia intrafamiliar en cualquiera de sus formas: "abuso físico del niño o niña, abuso sexual del niño o niña, abuso físico del adulto o adulta y abuso sexual del adulto o adulta" (DSM-IV-TR 2002: 824), constituye hoy en día un problema mundial de salud pública: "Cada año, más de 1.6 millones de personas pierden la vida y muchas más sufren lesiones no mortales como resultado de la violencia autoinflingida, interpersonal o colectiva" (OMS/ ops, 2003:3).
Presentación
Authors: Rodríguez Wendy Bellanger
Published: June 2017

En los últimos años, en materia de economía, no se habla de algo decisivo mayor peso para Nicaragua que el fratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos. Por la disparidad que existe entre los negociantes se dice que éste va marcado con el sello de la ruina para nuestro país.
El papel del asociacionismo en la construcción de ciudadanía
Authors: Orozco David , Wallace Guadalupe , Wallace Guadalupe
Published: June 2017

El ensayo tiene un objetivo central: describir y analizar las aspiraciones personales y colectivas de los y las nicaragüenses y explorar si hay relación entre estas aspiraciones y sus prácticas de organización y participación, caracterizando finalmente el llamado "estadio asociativo" en que se encuentran los nicaragüenses.
Nicaragüenses en ciudad de Guatemala: una aproximación a la identidad nacional
Authors: Martínez Largaespada Alina
Published: June 2017

Dado el carácter de las migraciones y los problemas que se derivan de ella, como la clandestinidad, la ilegalidad, la estadía en países de tránsito y una serie de factores, el estudio de la misma es limitado por la falta de cifras exactas. Además, a este problema de la acogida le podemos sumar el hecho de cómo se desenvuelven y/o se desarrollan estos inmigrantes, cómo y con qué se identifican si tomamos en cuenta las reacciones hostiles que las migraciones provocan en muchos lugares y la manipulación política que se hace de la misma. Este tema de investigación nace de la situación que enfrenta la mayoría de los inmigrantes en Guatemala debido a sus condiciones sociales y económicas que les limitan en muchos casos abrirse paso en el camino de su realización. Hay que puntualizar que si bien no todos los inmigrantes se encuentran en las mismas condiciones, la mayoría de los que emigraron en la última década y los que siguen llegando al país, están dentro de la categoría de migrantes económicos, cuya finalidad es encontrar trabajo para su sobrevivencia y la de sus familias.
La Restauración Conservadora y la creación de colegios religiosos
Authors: Rodríguez Rosales Isolda
Published: June 2017

Durante los años 1893-1909, la educación nicaragüense experimentó importantes cambios que de alguna forma se venían gestando durante el período conservador. Sin embargo, fue con la aparición de la Constitución formulada por los liberales, conocida como la "Libérrima", que se estipuló oficialmente el carácter laico y gratuito de la educación.
Composición y diversidad de las comunidades de aves, moluscos y plantas asociadas con sistemas silvopastoriles de Matiguás y Río Blanco, Dpto. de Matagalpa, Nicaragua
Authors: Mijail Pérez A. , Sotelo Marlon , Ramírez Freddy , Ramírez Iván , López Adolfo , Sirias Isabel
Published: June 2017

Composición y diversidad de las comunidades de aves, moluscos y plantas asociadas con sistemas silvopastoriles de Matiguás y Río Blanco, Dpto. de Matagalpa, Nicaragua
PREVALÊNCIA DE DANO HEPÁTICO EM EX-ALCOOLISTAS DE UM GRUPO DE ALCOÓLICOS ANÔNIMOS DE PONTA GROSSA – PR
Authors: OLIVEIRA Thais Latansio de , ASSUNÇÃO Daniele Priscila Da Silva Fardin , BARBOSA Cristiane Rickli , SOUZA Fernanda Ferreira de
Published: June 2017

O álcool vem sendo apontado como a droga mais consumida no Brasil e o seu consumo em excesso pode gerar danos hepáticos. Pessoas que fazem uso abusivo, depois de alguns anos, podem sofrer com essas complicações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos das enzimas Transaminase Glutâmica Oxalacética e Pirúvica (TGO e TGP), Gama Glutamil Transferase (GAMAGT) e o doseamento dos níveis séricos de Albumina de 30 pacientes de um grupo de Alcóolicos Anônimos de Ponta Grossa – Pr. Todos os pacientes avaliados eram do sexo masculino, com uma prevalência maior da faixa etária de 30 – 50 anos. Com relação as enzimas hepáticas deste grupo, o TGO teve uma média entre os pacientes de 28,8 U/L, o TGP teve uma média de 32,1 U/L, já o GAMA-GT teve uma média de 40,8 U/L. Para os níveis séricos de Albumina obteve-se uma média de e 4,9 mg/dL. Assim, os parâmetros bioquímicos em geral estavam dentro dos valores de referência mas as dosagens de TGO e GAMA-GT apresentaram diferença estatística quando comparados ao grupo controle.
PROPOSTA DE GEL HIGIENIZANTE BUCAL PARA CÃES À BASE DE FITOTERÁPICOS COM POLÍMERO LIVRE DE BENZENO
Authors: SANSÃO Bruna Dos Santos , KIMURA Karina Sayuri , BURCI Lígia Moura , MIGUEL Marilis Dallarmi , MIGUEL Obdulio Gomes , DIAS Josiane de Fatima Gaspari , ZANIN Pedro , ZANIN Sandra Maria Warumby
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo de possíveis bases para formulação de gel higienizante bucal de cães, prevenindo assim periodontite, gengivite e outros possíveis problemas bucais. A metodologia do trabalho foi por meio de revisão bibliográfica para verificar quais os principais tipos de Carbopol® utilizados no desenvolvimento de géis para a formulação, principais características físico-químicas do Carbopol® presença ou não de resíduos de benzeno na fabricação dos polímeros, preocupando-se e verificando os principais problemas de saúde do uso de produtos com presença de benzeno, independentemente da quantidade. Verificou-se os principais produtos em formulações de géis para limpeza, e por fim, após a análise dos dados obtidos realizou-se uma sugestão de uma formulação de gel para limpeza bucal de cães, com eficácia e sem riscos à saúde com o uso prolongado.
CONTROLE DA ESTABILIDADE DE EMULSÕES MULTIPLAS
Authors: NUNES Felipe De Freitas , LAZINSKI Letícia Da Mata , MARTINS MARTINS , FUJIWARA Gislene Mari , BETIM Fernando Cesar Martins , OLIVEIRA Camila Freitas de , BURCI Lígia Moura , GOLIN Samanta , MIGUEL Marilis Dallarmi , MONTRUCCHIO Deise Prehss , DIAS Josiane Fátima Gaspari , KERBER Vitor Alberto , ZANIN Sandra Maria Warumby
Published: June 2017

Caracterizadas por serem um sistema carreador complexo contendo duas emulsões distintas que coexistem simultaneamente, as emulsões múltiplas apresentam muitas vantagens e aplicações, contudo manter a sua estabilidade apresenta-se ainda como um grande desafio. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura existente além de uma análise sobre os principais fatores que interferem no controle da estabilidade da emulsão múltipla. Dentre os fatores destaca-se a presença de eletrólitos, a concentração do componente ativo osmótico, a influência dos aditivos estabilizantes, a natureza da fase oleosa, a propriedade dos filmes interfaciais e a relação de volume entre as fases, assim como o método de preparo. A observação desses fatores pode propiciar a elaboração e o uso das emulsões múltiplas de maneira proveitosa e propiciar a sua maior aplicabilidade em produtos farmacêuticos.
Exploring Students’ Reading Profiles to Guide a Reading Intervention Programme
Authors: Boakye Naomi A. N. Y.
Published: June 2017

There have been a number of studies on reading interventions to improve students’ reading proficiency, yet the majority of these interventions are undertaken with the assumption that students’ reading challenges are obvious and generic in nature. The interventions do not take into consideration the diversity in students’ reading backgrounds and the specific nature of the challenges. Thus interventions may not address students’ specific reading needs. This paper reports on a study that explored students’ reading profiles as a needs analysis for an intervention programme to improve the reading proficiency of first-year Sociology students. The aim was to investigate the students’ reading backgrounds to determine their specific reading needs. A Likert scale questionnaire with an open-ended section was used to explore the students’ reading profiles. The Likert scale questions were analysed quantitatively, while the open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively. In addition, a regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between students’ use of strategies and their self-efficacy levels. The findings show that a number of students have little reading experience, use inappropriate reading strategies, and have low self-efficacy and poor reading habits. In addition, students identified comprehension, language, vocabulary, length and density of Sociology texts as factors compounding their reading challenges. This paper discusses the implications of these findings in designing an appropriate reading intervention programme for this cohort.
Managed Migration of Coast Redwoods: Subjectivity of Stakeholders in Oregon’s Land Use Planning Community
Authors: Jenkins Jeffrey , Jenkins Michael W.
Published: June 2017

The Earth’s climate is changing at a faster pace than the slow natural adjustment rates of most species to their rapidly shifting habitat conditions, especially for long-lived tree species, such as the iconic coast redwood Sequoia sempersqvirens. This may leave some species stranded in less than optimal environments, resulting in population extinctions and/or the need for human-assisted migration. However, the implementation of assisted migration does not come without economic, legal, political, ecological, and ethical issues. One of the most important and complex social questions regarding assisted migration is that of the land use planning community in the area being considered. This article explores the subjective beliefs among these stakeholders regarding managed migration of coast redwood trees into suitable habitats in Oregon. Q-methodology was used to structure the complexity of participants’ subjective beliefs into a few manageable themes to reveal broader socio-economic and environmental perspectives and shared ways of perceiving and valuing the relationship between social, economic, and environmental concerns. The findings of this study suggest two main factors 1) positively ranked values that align on new perspectives of utilitarian ecological values, and 2) positively ranked values that align on a land based communitarian perspective. This convergence suggests an ecologically aware land management ethos as opposed to the view of favoring human’s dominion over nature, and therefore bolsters the potential for the future success of managed migration of coast redwoods into suitable habitats in Oregon given the state’s existing land use policy.
Social Network Theory and Management of the Sub-supply Network in Complex Sectors
Authors: Izzo Filomena
Published: June 2017

Studies on complex product development have seen different improvement approaches to achieve shorter product development lead times and higher return on investment. Complex product development still lack on the ‘better, faster and cheaper’ paradigm for efficient communication and information exchange flow process. This paper aims at understanding how the critical interdependent techniques are managed in the sub-supply network of a complex sector such as Business Aviation Industry. Thus, the aim is to envisage the best practice approach for technical communication networks among these systems-design teams and also how the bottlenecks existing could be effectively and efficiently addressed to enhance collaborative industrial supply-chain management network competitive advantage.This paper employing social network theory propose information flow process toward enhancing an industrial sustainable competitive advantage. From a methodological point of view, the research is based on a single case study, a questionnaire was used to collect data for the level of communication network from Business Aviation supply chain network.The outcome of the research highlights how communication in the sub-supply network significantly influences the attention the teams pay to the organization of the critical interdependent techniques. Moreover this research identifies an effective and efficient communication is sees as the driver for effective organization management, which need enhancement for industrial competitive advantage. Finally, the research carried-out undoubtedly gives a considerable contribution in understanding critical and complex issues in the relationships in sub-supplying in Business Aviation Industry.The outcome could be further developed by extending the interviews to the businesses involved in the sub-supply chain.
Financial Bankruptcy across European Countries
Authors: Succurro Marianna
Published: June 2017

The aim of this research is to describe corporate bankruptcy across Western European countries and propose a simple and reliable default prediction model for private manufacturing firms in six EU member states. Using firm-level accounting data taken from the Orbis-Europe Database, published by Bureau Van Dijk, we first propose a simple Indebtedness index which considers the multifaceted aspects of debt and allows to make interesting comparison among firms, countries, industrial sectors and over time. Second, we estimate a logit model, based on both the first step computed Indebtedness score and additional non-financial firms’ characteristics, which allows to compute firms’ predicted probabilities of default in each country. The empirical findings show that the Indebtedness score is statistically significant in explaining bankruptcy and it enters all the regressions with the highest coefficient and level of significance. However, while the indebtedness score is a valuable bankruptcy predictor for Italy, Germany, Portugal and Spain, which are bank-based economies, it is relatively less important for France and UK, being countries more strongly oriented toward the financial market. The overall evidence highlights a good reliability of our multi-country model for the prediction of corporate bankruptcies across Europe.
Ontario's Auction Market for Financial Transmission Rights: An Analysis of its Efficiency
Authors: H. Olmstead Derek E.
Published: June 2017

Financial transmission rights (FTR) are financial products that entitle their holder to receive a payment based on the degree of congestion in a transmission system. In many liberalized electricity markets, FTR are sold at auction by the local electricity system operator. This paper addresses several questions about the performance of FTR auctions in Ontario's restructured electricity market, including whether auction market clearing prices approximate realized payouts and whether there is any evidence that the competitiveness of auctions, as measured by the number of bidders, affects the forward market unbiasedness or informational efficiency of the auctions.

The paper finds that the auction process is inefficient in the sense that market clearing prices are substantially and systematically lower than realized payouts, resulting in substantial transfers away from consumers. However, there is some evidence that the auction market is more efficient when there are three or more bidders.
Rodzice nowej ery? Badawcze relacje i refleksje na temat cyfrowych aspektów wychowywania przedszkolaków
Authors: Buchner Anna , Wierzbicka Maria
Published: June 2017

What does digital reality of pre-school children
look like in Poland? How do modern parents
use new technologies? In reference to semantic
analyses of material gathered during all-Polish
examinations accompanying implementation of
the Coding Masters Junior Program (Mistrzowie
Kodowania Junior) at pre-schools, the authors
of the article shall examine fears, threats and
hopes associated with introducing pre-school
children to the digital world.
Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand
Authors: Samoh Abdulloh , Satasook Chutamas , Grootaert Patrick
Published: June 2017

Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies from southern Thailand belonging to the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 are described and illustrated: Thinophilus boonrotpongi sp. nov., T. langkawensis sp. nov., T. minutus sp. nov., T. parmatoides sp. nov., T. parvulus sp. nov., T. spinatus sp. nov., T. spinatoides sp. nov. and T. variabilis sp. nov. A key is provided to the species of the Thai-Malay Peninsula.
Toxic and Essential Trace Element Content of Commonly Administered Pediatric Oral Medications
Authors: Yokel Robert A. , Seger Sarah E. , Unrine Jason M.
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that commonly administered pediatric oral medications are a significant source of toxic elements. The concentrations of 16 elements were determined in 14 frequently used pediatric oral medications.

METHODS

Samples were prepared for analysis by dilution or nitric acid microwave-assisted digestion and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The intake of each element from administration for 1 week of the medication's maximum recommended daily dose to 6-month-olds was calculated and compared to an exposure guideline for that element. Exposure guidelines used for adverse effects were minimal risk levels, oral reference dose, permissible or permitted daily exposure, provisional tolerable weekly intake, and tolerable upper intake concentrations. Exposure guidelines utilized for desired effect were adequate intake and recommended dietary allowance.

RESULTS

Intake of the maximum recommended daily dose by 6-month-olds for 1 week would not deliver more than the exposure guideline of any of the elements, with the exceptions of chromium in several medications and zinc in the pediatric electrolyte solution, if it was consumed for 1 week.

CONCLUSIONS

Consumed alone, these frequently administered pediatric oral medications would not deliver amounts of toxic elements that exceed established exposure guidelines for adverse effects, nor would most significantly contribute to adequate intake of essential elements.
El discurso de la guerra y la paz en el Quijote
Authors: Calero Calero Francisco
Published: June 2017

El discurso de la guerra y la paz en el Quijote
Juan Luis Vives versus Martín Lutero. La respuesta del Humanismo vivesiano a la Reforma luterana
Authors: Sebastián Solanes Raul Francisco , Olucha Feliu Néstor
Published: June 2017

En el presente artículo nos proponemos abordar la respuesta que los humanistas dieron al pensamiento reformado de Martín Lutero. En especial nos centraremos en el caso del humanista valenciano Juan Luís Vives, que ofreció desde muy pronto una respuesta crítica al luteranismo. Vives también reivindicó la necesidad de un Concilio ecuménico para afrontar los problemas de los reformadores luteranos.In the present article, we propose to address the response that the humanists gave Martin Luther's reformed thought. In particular we will focus on the case of valencian humanist Juan Luís Vives, he soon offered a critical response to Lutheranism. Vives also claimed the need for an ecumenical Council to address the problems of Lutheran reformers.
Introducció
Authors: . VIVESIANA
Published: June 2017

Introducció
Lluís Vives. Diàlegs, XXII. Regles del joc
Authors: . VIVESIANA
Published: June 2017

Lluís Vives. Diàlegs, XXII. Regles del joc
Human immunodeficiency virus care cascade among sub‐populations in Rakai, Uganda: an observational study
Authors: Billioux Veena G. , Chang Larry W. , Reynolds Steven J. , Nakigozi Gertrude , Ssekasanvu Joseph , Grabowski Mary K. , Ssekubugu Robert , Nalugoda Fred , Kigozi Godfrey , Kagaayi Joseph , Serwadda David , Gray Ronald H. , Wawer Maria J. ,   the Rakai Health Sciences Program
Published: June 2017

Introduction: To assess progress towards the UNAIDS 90–90–90 initiative targets, we examined the HIV care cascade in the population‐based Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) in rural Uganda and examined differences between sub‐groups.

Methods: Self‐reports and clinical records were used to assess the proportion achieving each stage in the cascade. Statistical inference based on a χ2 test for categorical variables and modified Poisson regression were used to estimate prevalence risk ratios (PRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for enrolment into care and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Results: From September 2013 through December 2015, 3,666 HIV‐positive participants were identified in the RCCS. As of December 2015, 98% had received HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT), 74% were enrolled in HIV care, and 63% had initiated ART of whom 92% were virally suppressed after 12 months on ART. Engagement in care was lower among men than women (enrolment in care: adjPRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91; ART initiation: adjPRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69–0.82), persons aged 15–24 compared to those aged 30–39 (enrolment: adjPRR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82; ART: adjPRR 0.69, 95%CI 0.60–0.80), unmarried persons (enrolment: adjPRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.99; ART adjPRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.95), and new in‐migrants (enrolment: adjPRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.83; ART: adjPRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.85). This cohort achieved 98–65–92 towards the UNAIDS “90–90–90” targets with an estimated 58% of the entire HIV‐positive RCCS population virally suppressed.

Conclusions: This cohort achieved over 90% in both HCT and viral suppression among ART users, but only 65% in initiating ART, likely due to both an ART eligibility criterion of <500 CD4 cells/mL and suboptimal entry into care among men, younger individuals, and in‐migrants. Interventions are needed to promote enrolment in HIV care, particular for hard‐to‐reach sub‐populations.
Chronic fatigue complaints in primary care: Incidence and diagnostic patterns
Authors: Ward Mary Hendryx , DeLisle Henry , Shores Jay H. , Slocum Philip C. , Foresman Brian H.
Published: June 2017

The complaint of chronic fatigue is ubiquitous in the primary care setting. Because of the nonspecific nature of chronic fatigue, practitioners do not focus on this complaint. Furthermore, most physicians use a problem-based approach. Such a prematurely narrowed focus could overlook the chronic fatigue complaint. Omissions in the data collection process would prove this oversight. Therefore, we postulated that a retrospective review of evaluations for chronic fatigue would demonstrate significant categorical deficiencies. These deficiencies would indicate a problem focus different than the chronic fatigue complaint itself. The authors reviewed the current literature to establish historical, physical, and laboratory findings pertinent to the evaluation of chronic fatigue. Six major categories and the associated data elements were identified for use in analyzing patient records. The patient records from the preceding 6 months were reviewed to find those containing a complaint of chronic fatigue. These records were analyzed to determine if a complete data set had been sought and if an associated diagnosis was made. A total of 425 consecutive charts from an academic family practice clinic were retrospectively reviewed; 9.9% (42) mentioned chronic fatigue. Physicians were lax in performing the mental status and physical examinations; taking the patient's psychiatric and sleep history, as well as the history of chief complaint; and ordering laboratory evaluations. The physician diagnoses included: depression (40.4%), nonspecific fatigue (35.7%), general medical disorders (16.6%), chronic fatigue syndrome (2.4%), fibromyalgia (2.4%), and sleep apnea (2.4%). From these data, the investigators conclude that the workup for chronic fatigue is often incomplete or lacks documentation. This oversight is likely due to a problem focus not directed at the chronic fatigue complaint. Also complicating the evaluation process are the multiple associated disorders, the prevalence of the complaint, and costibenefit issues facing the primary care physician.
Soft tissue sarcoma of the anterior abdominal wall: review of reconstruction techniques
Authors: Gray Michael W. , Caleel Richard T. , Sorg Roger J.
Published: June 2017

Tumors of the abdominal wall excised with inadequately wide margins have a high local recurrence rate. The surgeon's fear of iatrogenic defects of the abdominal wall should not outweigh the need for wide resection margins to prevent tumor recurrence when excising primary and secondary malignancies. Appropriate monobloc excision of abdominal wall malignancies can be satisfactorily accomplished through a wide array of modalities. The authors describe successful abdominal wall reconstruction with the use of polypropylene mesh after excision of a recurrent soft tissue sarcoma. They review various methods of abdominal wall reconstruction to assist the surgeon in choosing the appropriate reconstruction technique.
Simultaneous bilateral facial palsy in pregnancy
Authors: Jessen Melanie R. , Shaenboen Michael J.
Published: June 2017

The risk of facial palsy for pregnant women is higher than for nonpregnant women. Most cases occur in the third trimester and the immediate postpartum period. Unilateral facial palsy is a commonly seen mononeuropathy. Bilateral facial palsy, however, is rare and is most often a sign of a systemic disease. The authors present the case of a pregnant woman who was first seen with left sided facial paralysis. The paralysis then spread to the right side, resolved quickly after delivery, but appeared again on the right side 6 months later. The authors warn that bilateral facial palsy seen in pregnancy may be a sign of serious underlying disease. Differential diagnosis, possible etiologies, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.
Spontaneous renocolic fistula: a rare occurrence associated with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Blatstein, Lee M. , Ginsberg, Phillip C.
Published: June 2017

A patient with abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and general weakness was discovered by way of ultrasound and computed tomography to have a tumor in the lower pole of the left kidney. At a second computed tomography examination, the mass had shrunken and air-fluid levels and contrast medium from previous examinations were evident, confirming a renocolic fistula. The patient underwent en bloc left radical nephrectomy with resection of the descending colon. Renal cell carcinoma was confirmed histologically. The patient has been free of disease for 4 years. Such fistulas are usually related to renal calculi or tuberculosis but, of late, more have been the result of iatrogenic trauma sustained during percutaneous renal procedures and lithotripsy. Use of computed tomography and other imaging methods should enable early detection of most renocolic fistulas, which usually are a late manifestation of advanced renal disease.
Osteopathic physicians and expert medical testimony
Authors: McAbee, Gary N.
Published: June 2017

The US Supreme Court addressed the issue of expert medical and scientific testimony in the 1993 case Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The guidelines to be used as a standard for expert medical witnesses under Daubert differ from earlier standards used by many courts for more than 70 years. This commentary reviews the history of previous and current standards used to determine admissibility of medical testimony in legal proceedings and discusses the ramifications of these standards for osteopathic physicians involved in the medical malpractice process.
AliTV—interactive visualization of whole genome comparisons
Authors: Ankenbrand Markus J. , Hohlfeld Sonja , Hackl Thomas , Förster Frank
Published: June 2017

Whole genome alignments and comparative analysis are key methods in the quest of unraveling the dynamics of genome evolution. Interactive visualization and exploration of the generated alignments, annotations, and phylogenetic data are important steps in the interpretation of the initial results. Limitations of existing software inspired us to develop our new tool AliTV, which provides interactive visualization of whole genome alignments. AliTV reads multiple whole genome alignments or automatically generates alignments from the provided data. Optional feature annotations and phylo- genetic information are supported. The user-friendly, web-browser based and highly customizable interface allows rapid exploration and manipulation of the visualized data as well as the export of publication-ready high-quality figures. AliTV is freely available at https://github.com/AliTVTeam/AliTV.
The ways parents cope with stress in difficult parenting situations: the structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka , Dobrenko Kamila Anna
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify a theoretical model of parents’ responses to difficulties they experienced with their child. The model presents relationships between seven variables: (a) discrepancy between parental goal and the child’s current level of development, (b) parental experience of a difficulty, (c) representation of the child in the parent’s mind, (d) parent’s withdrawal from the parenting situation, (e) seeking help, (f) distancing oneself from the situation, and (g) applying pressure on the child. The study involved 319 parents of preschool children: 66 parents of three-year-olds, 85 parents of four-year-olds, 99 parents of five-year-olds and 69 parents of six-year-old children. Structural equations modeling (SEM) was used to verify the compounds described in the theoretical model. The studies revealed that when a parent is experiencing difficulties, the probability increases that the parent will have one of two reactions towards that type of stress: withdrawal from the situation or applying pressure on the child. Experiencing difficulties has no connection with searching for help and is negatively related to distancing oneself from the situation.
ELEMENTOS PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA CRÍTICA, DE FATO!
Authors: Maciel Thiago Barreto
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo pretende fomentar o debate teórico com os professores que reivindicam a Pedagogia histórico-crítica e a abordagem crítico-superadora na Educação Física. Possui como tese central que a Educação Física crítica brasileira necessita, ainda, dar saltos qualitativos na sua forma de organização e intervenção na realidade. Para tanto o presente trabalho procura compreender o papel e a natureza do processo educativo e do papel do professor à luz de alguns fundamentos e categorias centrais do materialismo histórico dialético. 
CONTRADIÇÕES, MEDIAÇÕES E POSSIBILIDADES AVALIATIVAS NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA ESCOLA NOVA SOCIEDADE
Authors: Calheiros Vicente Cabrera , Souza Maristela Da Silva
Published: June 2017

Este texto analisa parte das contradições, mediações e possibilidades da prática avaliativa na Escola Estadual Nova Sociedade, tendo como foco central a análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), do Regimento escolar e a observação de aulas de Educação Física. A escolha desta escola deu-se pelo fato de sua aproximação político-pedagógica ao projeto de educação construído pelo MST, tendo forte aproximação com o Projeto de Educação do Campo, sendo este, em tese, um contraponto ao projeto de Educação Rural, possuindo objetivos distintos frente o processo de educação e formação dos estudantes. A fim de compreender o conjunto de relações que permeiam o objetivo do estudo, empreendeu-se a realização de entrevistas com parte dos professores e de um questionário com os estudantes da turma observada. Centra-se o olhar na categoria avaliação por compreender que esta categoria é a mais decisiva para assegurar a função social que escola tem na sociedade capitalista. Nesta perspectiva, a escola tendo objetivos pautados no projeto de Educação do Campo, a avaliação será, em tese, distinta das práticas que promovem a seleção, hierarquização e exclusão dos estudantes do processo letivo, características avaliativas do Projeto de Educação Rural. Considera-se, por fim, que o movimento do capital se faz presente em todos os espaços e tempos pedagógicos, manifestando-se no projeto de educação e políticas públicas, na organização do trabalho pedagógico no âmbito do PPP e no interior da sala de aula, ao mesmo tempo que a resistência do MST, em geral, e deste professor, em particular, também existe.
AS LUTAS PELA TERRA E OS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS POPULARES DO CAMPO: PRODUÇÕES E DISPUTAS POR UM PROJETO EDUCATIVO DO CAMPESINATO
Authors: Dos Santos Franciele Soares , Ghedini Cecília Maria
Published: June 2017

Este artigo reflete acerca das relações entre a luta pela terra engendrada pelos Movimentos Sociais Populares do Campo (MSPdoC) e as produções de um projeto educativo que tem como síntese a educação do campo. Demonstra como as referências históricas produzidas no âmbito dos MSPdoC sustentam o projeto contra hegemônico da educação do campo, ao mesmo tempo em que subvertem o projeto de educação rural. Para tanto, destaca-se a conexão entrea questão agrária, os MSPdoC e a luta por terra e trabalho no Brasil e analisa-se o percurso da educação do campo e seu enraizamento no projeto histórico-político do campesinato e sua institucionalização que, mesmo de forma contraditória, constitui-se como ancoradouro na materialidade das lutas pela educação dos povos do campo.
INSTITUIÇÕES PRIVADAS DE ENSINO SUPERIOR NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL: ORGANIZAÇÃO FLEXÍVEL E SITUAÇÕES ATUAIS DO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Severo Ricardo Gonçalves , Fleck Carolina
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho é o resultado das observações realizadas sobre a docência em instituições de ensino superior privado no Rio Grande do Sul. Pretende-se descrever o atual cenário de atuação dos docentes em instituições privadas e como se relaciona com os modelos organizacionais atuais, que reconfiguram as práticas de trabalho. Constatou-se que o crescimento do setor educacional no estado está relacionado com a intensificação da carga de trabalho, levando ao adoecimento do profissional da educação. O foco das instituições de ensino superior numa lógica de produtividade tem feito com que os docentes sejam tratados como meras peças que devem fazer essa engrenagem organizacional funcionar, gerando desgastes constantes.
AUTOGESTÃO ORGÂNICA SOCIOPRODUTIVA: PRÁXIS PARA IR ALÉM DA ALIENAÇÃO
Authors: Benini Édi Augusto , Ghizoni Liliam Deisy , Alaniz Erika Porceli
Published: June 2017

Por definição, ir além da alienação significa superar as suas mediações sociais. Enquanto que no trabalho assalariado, tais mediações revelam-se na divisão social hierárquica, nas experimentações de trabalho associado, essas mesmas mediações impõem-se no campo da produção e circulação de mercadorias. O artigo discute a crítica dialética como recurso metodológico para se instaurar a práxis questionadora e transformadora dessa realidade, ensejando um processo social de compreensão crítica e construção política da emancipação social. Alicerçadas nessa práxis, em oposição à subordinação e à subsunção do trabalho ao capital, afirmam-se a organicidade (controle da produção) e a autogestão (autodeterminação política).