bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise and Fall of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID Era: A Therapeutic Journey and Synthetic Progress
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Nikhil Vaidya Gargi , Venkatesh Ashwini , Chatterjee Deep Rohan , Rana Pooja , Nagpure Mithilesh , Satpute Dinesh Parshuram , Lokhande Shyam , Kalia Kiran
Published: July 2022

With no proven therapy against COVID-19, the repurposing of existing drugs is an ongoing exercise. In this context, an antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) received immediate stardom when the US-FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for HCQ against COVID-19 based on the limited clinical study. However, on 17 June 2020, WHO announced the stoppage of the HCQ trial for COVID-19 treatment based on data received from the Solidarity trial and UK's Recovery trials indicating HCQ does not result in the reduction of mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients when compared with standard of care. In this context, the present review aims to provide a developmental journey of HCQ including medicinal chemistry highlighting the essential pharmacology and the current studies exploring its effectiveness against COVID-19, and its synthetic advancement.
Chloride-Mediated Alkene Activation Drives Enantioselective Thiourea and Hydrogen Chloride Co-Catalyzed Prins Cyclizations
Authors: Kutateladze Dennis , Wagen Corin , Jacobsen Eric
Published: July 2022

The mechanism of chiral hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) co-catalyzed Prins cyclizations was analyzed through a combination of experimental and computational methods and revealed to involve an unexpected and previously unrecognized mode of alkene activation. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies support the participation of a HCl•HBD complex that displays reduced Brønsted acidity relative to HCl alone. Nevertheless, rate acceleration relative to the HCl-catalyzed background reaction as well as high levels of enantioselectivity are achieved. This inverse Brønsted correlation is ascribed to chloride-mediated substrate activation in the rate-limiting and enantiodetermining cyclization transition state. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, distortion–interaction analysis, and quasiclassical dynamics simulations support a stepwise mechanism in which rate acceleration and enantioselectivity are achieved through precise positioning of the chloride anion within the active site of the chiral thiourea to enhance the nucleophilicity of the alkene and provide transition state stabilization through local electric field effects. This mode of selective catalysis through anion positioning likely has general implications for the design of enantioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed reactions involving π-nucleophiles.
Advances in Honeycomb Layered Oxides: Syntheses and Characterisations of Pnictogen- and Chalcogen-Based Honeycomb Layered Oxides
Authors: Kanyolo Godwill , Masese Titus , Alshehabi Abbas , Huang Zhen-Dong
Published: July 2022

Advancements in nanotechnology continue to unearth material vistas that presage a new age of revolutionary functionalities replete with unparalleled physical properties and avant-garde chemical capabilities that promise sweeping paradigm shifts in energy, environment, telecommunications and potentially healthcare. At the upper echelons of this realm, the pnictogen and chalcogen class of honeycomb layered oxides have emerged with fascinating crystal chemistry and exotic electromagnetic and topological phenomena that muster multifaceted concepts spanning from materials science to condensed matter physics and potential applications in electrochemistry, quantum mechanics and electronics. In a bid to shed light on the mechanisms governing these biomimetic nanostructures, this review highlights the significant milestones and breakthroughs that have augmented their current knowledgebase of theory, properties and utilities. Herein, we elucidate the vast promising crystal chemistry space against the backdrop of known synthesis and characterisation techniques employed in the development and optimisation of this class of materials. Further, we highlight key theoretical models that have reinvigorated the exploration and characterisation of honeycomb layered oxides within this class and are poised to redefine the frontiers of material research and their applications. We conclude by envisaging future research directions where fascinating physicochemical, topological and electromagnetic properties could be lurking and where valiant efforts ought to be inclined, particularly in the prospective realisation of exotic material compositional space as well as their utility as testing grounds for emergent two-dimensional (2D) topological quantum gravity and conformal field theories.
Photoinduced Oxygen Transfer using Nitroarenes for the Anaerobic Cleavage of Alkenes
Authors: Wise Dan , Gogarnoiu Emma , Duke Alana , Paolillo Joshua , Vacala Taylor , Hussain Waseem , Parasram Marvin
Published: July 2022

Herein we report the anaerobic cleavage of alkenes into carbonyl compounds using nitroarenes as oxygen transfer reagents under visible light. This approach serves as a safe and practical alternative to mainstream oxidative cleavage protocols, such as ozonolysis and the Lemieux–Johnson reaction. A wide range of alkenes possessing oxidatively sensitive functionalities underwent anaerobic cleavage to generate carbonyl derivatives with high efficiency and regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies support that the transformation occurs via direct photoexcitation of the nitroarene followed by a non-stereospecific radical cycloaddition event with alkenes. This leads to 1,3,2- and 1,4,2-dioxazolidine intermediates that fragment to give the carbonyl products. A combination of radical clock experiments and in situ PhotoNMR spectroscopy revealed the identities of the key radical species and the putative aryl dioxazolidine intermediates, respectively.
Organophotocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of electron-deficient styrenes
Authors: Golfmann Maxim , Glagow Louis , Giakoumidakis Antonios , Golz Christopher , Walker Johannes
Published: July 2022

A visible light organophotocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of electron-deficient styrenes is described. Photocatalytic [2+2] cycloadditions are typically performed with electron-rich styrene derivatives or α,β-unsaturated alkenes, and with transition-metal-based catalysts. We have discovered that an organic cyanoarene photocatalyst is able to deliver high-value cyclobutane products bearing electron-deficient aryl substituents in good yields. A range of electron-deficient substituents are tolerated and both homodimerizations and intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions to fused bicyclic systems are available using this methodology.
Autonomous and programmable reorganization of DNA-based polymers using redox chemistry
Authors: Gentile Serena , Del Grosso Erica , Prins Leonard J. , Ricci Francesco
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate here a strategy that allows the programmable and autonomous reorganization of self-assembled DNA polymers using redox chemistry. We have rationally designed different DNA monomers (tiles) that can co-assemble into tubular structures. The tiles can be orthogonally activated/deactivated with disulfide-linked DNA fuel strands that are degraded over time upon reduction because of the presence of a reducing agent in the system. The concentration of the disulfide fuels determines the activation kinetics of each DNA tile, which controls the degree of order/disorder in the formed co-polymer. The disulfide-reduction pathway can be employed together with enzymatic fuel-degradation pathways providing an additional level of control in the re-organization of DNA structures. Taking advantage of the different pH-sensitivities of disulfide-thiol and enzymatic reactions, we show that we can control the order in DNA-based co-polymers as a function of pH.
APPLICATION OF FLEXIBLE PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACHES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Воронцов Денис Евгеньевич
Published: July 2022

В статье исследовано применение гибких (Agile) подходов в проектном управлении органов государственной власти. Целью статьи является представление преимуществ и рекомендаций по применению Agileподходов в управлении проектами цифровой трансформации в государственных организациях. Сформулированы предпосылки к переходу госсектора на гибкие подходы управления проектами. Приведены условия, цели и опыт применения, а также содержание GosAgile. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в методике применения GosAgile при реализации кросс-функциональных и межведомственных проектов.

The article explores the use of flexible (Agile) approaches in the project management of public authorities. The purpose of the article is to present the benefits and recommendations for the use of Agile approaches in managing digital transformation projects in government organizations. The prerequisites for the transition of the public sector to flexible project management approaches are formulated. The conditions, goals and application experience, as well as the content of GosAgile are given. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the methodology for applying GosAgile in the implementation of cross-functional and interdepartmental projects.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL BANKRUPTCIES IN RELATION TO HOUSING UTILITIES
Authors: Чистякова Юлия Викторовна
Published: July 2022

Цель статьи заключается в раскрытии механизма одного из экономических методов выявления арбитражным управляющим или экспертом влияния мнимых и притворных сделок при выведении активов из организации на её финансовое состояние в рамках проведения финансово-аналитической экспертизы. В статье анализируется методика финансового анализа криминальных банкротств организаций, имеющих отношение к жилищно-коммунальному хозяйству. Научная новизна исследования заключается в углубленном изучении использования методов экономического анализа, которое позволит внести изменения в существующую практику проведения экспертизы на предмет выявления криминального банкротства и более оперативно реагировать на противоправные действия недобросовестных директоров.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the mechanism of one of the economic methods for identifying by the arbitration manager or an expert when conducting a financial and analytical examination of the impact of imaginary and pretend transactions when withdrawing assets from an organization on its financial condition. The article analyzes the methodology for financial analysis of criminal bankruptcies of organizations related to housing and communal services. The scientific novelty of the study lies in an indepth study of the methods of economic analysis, which will allow changes to existing practice and more quickly respond to the illegal actions of unscrupulous directors, which often delay the processes of analyzing the financial condition by losing documents, hiding the evidence base.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF PANDEMIC AND POST- PANDEMIC REALITIES
Authors: Окунь Анжела Станиславовна
Published: July 2022

В статье анализируется состояние рынка криптовалюты в период пандемии и формулируются вероятные направления его развития в будущем с полноценным встраиванием в международную финансовую систему. Целью исследования является выявление факторов роста спроса на криптовалюту в период пандемии посредством выявления уникальных инвестиционных характеристик, присущих данному активу в условиях современного экономико-технологического развития. Автором произведен анализ распространения криптовалюты в международной экономике и роста инвестиционной популярности криптовалютного рынка в период пандемии. Научная новизна состоит в обнаружении источников спроса на криптовалютном рынке в период пандемии, а также в обосновании текущего экономико-технологического состояния криптовалюты и определении возможных направлений развития данного финансового актива в глобальной экономической системе.

The article analyzes the state of the cryptocurrency market during the pandemic and formulates the likely directions for its development in the future with full integration into the international financial system. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors of growth in demand for cryptocurrency during the pandemic by identifying the unique investment characteristics inherent in this asset in the context of modern economic and technological development.The author analyzed the spread of cryptocurrency in the international economy and the growth of the investment popularity of the cryptocurrency market during the pandemic. The scientific novelty consists in discovering the sources of demand in the cryptocurrency market during the pandemic, as well as in substantiating the current economic and technological state of the cryptocurrency and determining possible directions for the development of this financial asset in the global economic system.
ON THE GENEALOGY OF VENERABLE MACARIUS OF KALYAZIN
Authors: Пономарева Ирина Гавриловна
Published: July 2022

Информация о первых представителях тверского рода Кожиных содержится в жалованной грамоте великого князя московского Василия II их предку Василию Ананиевичу, выданной за участие в Галицком бою (27 января - начало февраля 1450 г.) против князя Дмитрия Юрьевича Шемяки. В акте, оформленном в Москве 4 февраля 1450 г., сказано, что родоначальник Кожиных выехал из Швеции. Его сын Василий (отец преподобного Макария Калязинского) отличился и получил от великого князя прозвище «Кожа», послужившее основой фамилии его потомков. К настоящему времени документ определён как фальсифицированный. В источниках XVI в. отец святого упоминается с фамилией Кожин. Можно допустить, что постфактум произошло присвоение ему фамилии от прозвища одного из сыновей. В этом случае её происхождение увязывается или с епископом Геннадием Кожей (в родословной Кожиных показан сыном Василия) или с невнесённыи в родословную ещё одним его сыном. Летопись Авраамки содержит уникальное известие о московско-тверском союзе в 1450 г. против Шемяки. В составе тверской рати неизвестный сын Василия мог быть участником Галицкого боя, отличиться и получить прозвище, преобразовавшееся в фамилию. В статье также рассмотрены материалы о шведском предке Кожиных, жене и сестре Макария Калязинского.

Information on the first members of the Kozhin clan of Tver is contained in the жалованнаяграмота granted by the Grand Duke of Moscow to their ancestor Vasily Ananyevich for his participation in the battle of Galich (the 27th of January - beginning of February 1450) against Prince Dmitriy Yurievich Shemyaka. The act оформленный in Moscow on the 4th of February 1450 states that the progenitor of the Kozhins arrived from Sweden. His son Vasily (the father of Venerable Macarius of Kalyazin) distinguished himself and was given a nickname Kozha which evolved into the surname of his descendants. By now the document has been identified as falsified. In the sources of the 16th century the father of the saint is mentioned under the surname of Kozhin. It is possible that this surname had been ascribed to him retroactively on the basis of the nickname of a son of his. In such a case its origin may be associated with two persons: 1) bishop Gennady Kozha, a son of Vasily according to the genealogy of the Kozhins; 2) another son of Vasily which is not included in the genealogy. The Chronicle of Avraamka contains a unique report about the Moscow-Tver alliance of 1450 against Shemyaka. An unknown son of Vasily could have participated in the battle of Galich as a part of the Tver troops distinguishing himself and receiving a nickname which evolved into a surname. The article also discusses the materials about the Swedish ancestor of the Kozhins, the wife and the sister of Macarius of Kalyazin.
CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE ENSURE THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Бауэр Владимир Петрович , Бурак Петр Иосифович , Сухарев Александр Николаевич
Published: July 2022

Рассмотрены конституционные аспекты моделей правового управления. Дана оценка внедрению в государственное управление риск-ориентированного подхода. Раскрыта система мер контроля ошибок в государственном управлении.

The constitutional aspects of models of legal management are considered. An assessment is made of the introduction of a risk-based approach into public administration. The system of error control measures in public administration is disclosed.
SERVICES OF A CUSTOMS REPRESENTATIVE AS A PROFESSIONAL INTERMEDIARY IN THE PROCESS OF DECLARING GOODS
Authors: Сладкова Алена Александровна
Published: July 2022

Объектом исследования выступают общественные отношения, складывающиеся в процессе оказания услуг таможенным представителем в сфере внешнеэкономической деятельности. Целью научной работы является рассмотрение перечня услуг, оказываемых таможенным представителем в настоящее время. На основе общелогических методов исследования были выявлены новые направления в деятельности таможенного представителя: таможенный аудит; таможенный консалтинг, аутсорсинг внешнеэкономической деятельности. Выдвинуто предложение о внесении дополнений в законодательство об аудиторской деятельности.

The object of the study is the social relations that develop in the process of rendering services by a customs representative in the field of foreign economic activity. The purpose of the scientific work is to review the list of services provided by the customs representative at the present time. On the basis of general logical research methods, new directions in the activities of the customs representative were identified: customs audit; customs consulting, outsourcing of foreign economic activity. A proposal has been put forward to introduce amendments to the legislation on auditing.
PROBLEM ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM
Authors: Матвеев Дмитрий Николаевич , Радченко Марине Эдуардовна
Published: July 2022

Ограничение свободы как вид наказаний, не связанных с изоляцией от общества, представляет собой комплекс мероприятий, которые применяются к осужденным в качестве основного или дополнительного вида наказания. Исполнение данного наказания имеет ряд нерешенных проблем, требующих скорейшего пересмотра органами законодательной власти.

Restriction of freedom as a type of punishment not related to isolation from society is a set of measures that are applied to convicts as the main or additional type of punishment. The execution of this punishment has a number of unresolved problems that require an early review by the legislative authorities.
PENALTY OF RESTRICTION OF LIBERTY: HISTORIC BACKGROUND, CURRENT SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Фролов Михаил Григорьевич
Published: July 2022

Дан исторический экскурс процесса трансформации уголовно-правовой нормы, регламентирующей наказание в виде ограничения свободы. Исследованы различные концептуальные подходы отечественных и зарубежных ученых в сфере правовой регламентации ограничения свободы и иных наказаний, не связанных с изоляцией от общества. Рассмотрены коллизии, возникающие в процессе назначения наказания в виде ограничения свободы, внесены предложения по совершенствованию норм уголовного закона.

The article provides a historical overview of the transformation process of a criminal law provision relating to liberty restriction penalties. Different conceptual approaches of Russian and foreign researchers to the legal regulation of liberty restrictions and other noncustodial penalties have been investigated. The author discusses the difficulties appearing during the sentencing process regarding the restriction of liberty and makes a proposal for improving the criminal provisions.
FOREIGN ENVIRONMENT’S MODELLING IN THE AUTHORS’ COURSE «FOREIGN (ENGLISH) LANGUAGE IN THE SPHERE OF LAW FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES»
Authors: Гордеева Людмила Константиновна , Мясникова Татьяна Сергеевна
Published: July 2022

Отражены основные результаты обучения профессиональному иностранному языку студентов-юристов в рамках авторского курса, созданного на базе юридического факультета Тверского государственного университета. Апробированы электронные технологии (в частности, платформа BigBlueButton), позволяющие повысить качество языковой подготовки участников курса - будущих специалистов в области юриспруденции, а также профессионалов в области права. Задача, которую ставили перед собой авторы курса, заключалась в том, чтобы стимулировать участников курса к изучению английского языка через иноязычную социализацию в академическом и профессионально-ориентированном дискурсах.

In the article the main results of teaching professional foreign language within the authors’ course are shown. New e-technologies (Bigbluebutton, in particular) that enable to raise the level of language are being tested. The task set by the authors of the course was to stimulate the participants to learn English through foreign socialization in professional and academic discourse.
CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS IN THE GERMAN BANKING SECTOR
Authors:   Szent István University – Doctoral School in Management and Organiza-onal Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary, Löffler Lana
Published: July 2022

The last financial market crisis, which affected the whole world in 2008, brought about major changes. As a result of this crisis, customers have become more suspicious and since then the banks have been constantly being prescribed new regulations and controls for supervision. History shows that crises repeat themselves, so that companies always had to adapt to the times and changing requirements. Due to the rapid change in the financial services offered, national borders are being overcome. The boundaries of conventional market segments are eliminated and new products are created. The challenge for the money industry is growing with new providers, like Fintechs, and products and throughout all those changes customers adapt their expectations and their satisfaction might be affected.
Argot dalam Forum Jual Beli Wilayah Palangkaraya di Facebook
Authors: Arifah Nur Widianti , Indra Perdana
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan wujud dan pola pembentukan argot pada forum jual beli wilayah Palangka Raya di facebook. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah penjual yang menawarkan dagangannya di forum jual beli wilayah Palangka Raya di facebook. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak, dokumentasi, dan teknik catat. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah penawaran atau unggahan para penjual yang ada dalam forum jual beli wilayah Palangka Raya. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data pada penelitian ini adalah metode padan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wujud argot pada forum jual beli wilayah Palangka Raya ditemukan adalah berjumlah total 32 argot, yang terdiri dari 3 jenis kelas kata. Ditemukan 12 wujud argot kata kerja, 15 wujud argot kata sifat, dan 5 wujud argot kata benda. Kategori wujud argot yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kata sifat, yaitu 15 argot. Selanjutnya pembentukan pola argot dalam forum jual beli wilayah Palangka Raya menunjukkan bahwa argot terbentuk karena pengaruh latar belakang alasan dijualnya suatu barang yang berbeda oleh penjual yang berbeda pula.
Effective design and implementation of a monitoring system to support dynamic adaptive pathways planning (DAPP) for managing rising coastal risk in New Zealand
Authors:   , Kavale Eugene
Published: July 2022

Sea-level rise due to climate change is compounding coastal hazard risk and threatening coastal communities around the world, but the rate and extent of this varies and is deeply uncertain beyond mid-century. Dynamic adaptive pathways planning (DAPP) has emerged internationally and within New Zealand to enable flexible long-term adaptation despite this deep uncertainty, by identifying different risk management options which can be switched between over time (pathways) based on their performance in meeting objectives (in this context, to reduce coastal hazard risk). Critical to DAPP is the monitoring of signals (early warnings) and triggers (decision points) to activate a change in pathway before pre-agreed adaptation thresholds (failure to achieve objectives) are reached, thus ensuring timely and proactive adaptation. Given DAPP’s novelty however, knowledge about how to effectively design and implement a signal and trigger monitoring system (particularly for rising coastal risk in New Zealand) remains limited, with the most advanced cases of DAPP in New Zealand only just entering the monitoring design stages at the time of this research.

This thesis addresses these knowledge gaps by discussing criteria of effectiveness for two aspects of monitoring: (1) signal and trigger design (with the criteria of relevance, measurability, timeliness and resolvability); and (2) monitoring system implementation (with the criteria of organisational implementability, sustainability and accountability). Using these criteria as a basis, this thesis identifies the challenges local councils in New Zealand are facing in designing signals and triggers, potential barriers to implementation of monitoring systems, and how those challenges/barriers may be addressed.
Nota sobre la aplicación de nuevas técnicas al análisis espacial
Authors: Faus Pujol María Carmen , Calvo Palacios José Luis
Published: July 2022

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Nota acerca de las regiones marginales y de la organización del espacio: definición previa de objetivos
Authors: Calvo Palacios José Luis
Published: July 2022

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El ferrocarril y la evolución urbana de Zaragoza
Authors: Faus Pujol María Carmen
Published: July 2022

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Evolución del uso del suelo y de la morfología agraria en el Campo de Gómara (1754-1976). El caso de Tejado
Authors: Precedo Ledo Andrés J.
Published: July 2022

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La evolución demográfica de la cuenca del río Leza: 1950-1979
Authors: Ladrero García Pilar
Published: July 2022

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Un levantamiento geomorfológico de la región de Zaragoza
Authors: Van Zuidam Robert
Published: July 2022

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Aportación metodológica al estudio de las variaciones de la población. Ejemplo de Polonia
Authors: Iwanicka Lyra Elzbieta
Published: July 2022

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El papel del geógrafo en investigaciones sobre el espacio urbano
Authors: Higueras Arnal Antonio
Published: July 2022

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La lucha contra el terrorismo y la delincuencia organizada: Una visión desde la lingüística y la ingeniería del conocimiento
Authors: Ureña Gómez-Moreno Pedro
Published: July 2022

The aim of Natural Language Processing is to create computational systems for the production and comprehension of language by machines. In this regard, symbolic approaches to language put forth conceptual models which represent both common and specialised knowledge. This paper describes the ontological modelling of the “collective criminal agent” and its implementation in FunGramKB, a knowledge base for language processing and artificial reasoning. More specifically, the study focuses on the conceptual definition of three terminological units from the domains of terrorism and organised crime: cartel, oriented cluster, and terrorist cell. The main assumption is that ontological modelling applied to language technologies can play a major role in combating a variety of security threats to today’s society.
Identities on the Move: Contemporary Representations of New Sexualities and Gender Identities
Authors: Mónica Calvo Pascual
Published: July 2022

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Ecocriticism on the Edge. The Anthropocene as a Threshold Concept
Authors: Felicity Hand
Published: July 2022

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Homing Sorrow: Bharati Mukherjee’s “The Management of Grief” as Metadiasporic Narrative and Inscription of Political Empowerment
Authors: Isabel Alonso-Breto
Published: July 2022

This paper reads Bharati Mukherjee’s short story “The Management of Grief” as an uncompromised critique of Canadian Multiculturalism at its early stage in the 1980s. Without neglecting the crucially humanist component of Mukherjee’s investment in writing this story, the article demonstrates how, through subtle strategies of representation, “The Management of Grief” presents Canada as a country where whiteness-as-power is pervasive, and where ethnic minorities are perceived by mainstream society as exogenous, and made to feel as such. Together with this, the story as an archetypical representation of the predicament of diasporas, understood, pace Vijay Mishra and others, in the sense of the diasporic condition perceived as dominated by melancholia. The story evokes the diaspora experience in several other ways, most notably with its emphasis on the in-between status of such communities in an identitarian, affective and political sense. The analysis eventually focuses on how the story underscores and subtly illuminates the process of a political empowerment, an awareness-raising process which, accompanied by a coming-into-political-agency, marks a turning point in the increasingly relevant political role played by diasporas within the multicultural nation state.
A Horror and a Beauty, the World of Peter Ackroyd's London Novels
Authors: Ladislav Nagy
Published: July 2022

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Irony in Linguistics and Literary Theory: Towards a Synthetic Approach
Authors: Lozano-Palacio Inés
Published: July 2022

Irony has been approached by different disciplines concerned with language. The more socio-historical approach taken by literary theorists contrasts with the more analytical bias of linguistic accounts. A comparative study of both perspectives reveals the need to enhance mutual cross-disciplinary dialogue with a view to producing a constructive integrated perspective. Following this premise, this paper puts forward an approach that combines insights from inferential pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, and literary theory. It acknowledges the centrality of the relevance-theoretic notion of echo, taken as a cognitive mechanism rather than just as a pragmatic phenomenon. In this view, irony arises from the clash between an echoed and an observed scenario, which reveals the speaker’s attitude. The construction of the former is constrained by socio-cultural, communicative, and personal factors. This view allows for a distinction between different types of ironist (communicator) and interpreter (addressee), a study of their roles in the ironic event, and a classification of echoed scenarios from the standpoint of their grounding in an array of personal and presumed interpersonal beliefs, and in socio-cultural stereotypes. It also allows for a correlation between irony types and echoed scenario types and reveals the gradable character of the pragmatic felicity of the ironic act.
El espacio funerario dolménico: abandono y clausura
Authors: Andrés Rupérez María Teresa
Published: July 2022

La formalización del concepto del espacio en las instalaciones funerarias se enfoca desde una doble perspectiva: interna y externa. El análisis de la relación externa del sepulcro con su entorno fisico de implantación contempla como razonable para parte de las estaciones dolménicas una concepción onfálica del espacio. El análisis del ámbito interno se enfrenta a más dificultades por la azarosa irregularidad en la conservación del contenido sepulcral. Para recuperar una parte de los conceptos espaciales de las comunidades prehistóricas, plasmados en la disposición interna y externa de sus tumbas -trasunto previsible de su idea de posesión y uso del territorio como término físico-, los fenómenos de abandono, destrucción y clausura sepulcrales ofrecen una vía rentable; tres actitudes diversas, derivadas de hechos nunca triviales sino de trascendencia social, respuesta a la necesidad de supervivencia del grupo, que exigen su necesaria distinción teórica y el intento de mejorar técnicamente su definición diferenciada, pues las huellas del cese de la función especifica de un sepulcro son a veces más expresivas que las referidas al transcurso y avatares de su utilización.
El alfar romano, villa y necrópolis de Villarroya de la Sierra (Zaragoza)
Authors: Díaz Sanz María Antonia , Medrano Marqués Manuel
Published: July 2022

El alfar de terra sigillata de Villarroya de la Sierra (Zaragoza) es conocido desde 1987, año en que se comenzó a excavar. Tras nueve campañas arqueológicas, sabemos muy bien cómo son los hornos, las producciones cerámicas, los moldes, e incluso hemos encontrado la necrópolis de los propietarios de este centro de producción. En 1999 hemos empezado a conocer su residencia, una lujosa mansión que ocupa 30.000 m con baños y pintura mural, todo lo cual indica que esta fue la villa de una poderosa familia romana, cuyo momento de esplendor fue desde mediados del siglo I d.C. al siglo III d.C., aunque el alfar siguió produciendo hasta el siglo IV d.C.
Arqueozoología de los niveles paleolíticos de la cueva de Abauntz (Arraiz, Navarra)
Authors: Altuna Jesús , Mariezkurrena Koro , Elorza Mikelo
Published: July 2022

Se da cuenta de los restos de Mamiferos y Aves procedentes de las excavaciones llevadas a cabo recientemente en los niveles Musterienses, Solutrenses y Magdalenienses de la cueva de Abauntz (Navarra). No se observa caza especializada en ninguno de los niveles, siendo las especies más frecuentes Equus f. gallicus, Cervus elaphus, Rupicapra rupicapra, y Capra pyrenaica. Destaca la presencia de algunos contados restos de elementos indicadores de fauna fría o esteparia, como Rangifer tarandus en todos los niveles, Coelodonta antiquitatis en el Solutrense y Saiga tatarica en el Magdaleniense Medio. Entre las Aves, aparte de especies existentes actualmente en la zona, destaca como elemento boreal Lagopus lagopus, presente en los dos niveles Magdalenienses.
La afirmación soberana de Calígula y de Claudio y el fin de las acuñaciones ciudadanas en Occidente
Authors: López Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2022

Las emisiones ciudadanas africanas e hispanas en tiempos de Augusto y Tiberio se hicieron mucho más escasas con Calígula, para desaparecer totalmente con Claudio. Con un papel más evergético que económico, dichas acuñaciones fueron producto de una nueva era ciudadana en la que las élites locales pudieron ligarse al carácter triunfal de la familia imperial. La política de afirmación soberana emprendida por Gaio y por Claudio buscó en las provincias el terreno sobre el cual afirmar su legitimidad en Roma. Cuando la conquista de Britania y de Mauritania produjo una más coherente organización territorial de las Galias, África e Hispania, Claudio consideró a los provinciales suficientemente civilizados como para integrarlos en una plena Romanitas. En consecuencia, y no por acto tiránico sino en reconocimiento del nivel alcanzado, Claudio decidió clausurar las acuñaciones locales.
Las gemas de don Joaquín Ibáñez, chantre de la catedral de Teruel, y la formación de las colecciones hispanas
Authors: Hernando Sobrino María del Rosario
Published: July 2022

En este artículo presentamos y estudiamos parcialmente un curioso manuscrito anónimo conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, fechado en 1787 y registrado con el nº de Inventario 6.390. En él se recoge una importante colección de gemas, entre las que se encuentran algunos ejemplares inscritos que hoy forman parte de colecciones hispanas cuyo origen y formación son escasamente conocidos.
Excavaciones en la ciudad hispanorromana de Labitolosa (La puebla de Castro, Huesca). Informe preliminar de la campaña del año 2001
Authors: Magallón María Ángeles , Navarro Milagros , Rico Christian , Sillières Pierre , Fincker Myriam
Published: July 2022

Se da cuenta de la campaña arqueológica del año 2001 en Labitolosa (La Puebla de Castro, Huesca)
Teachers’ and Management Personnel’s Perceptions of The Impact of Classroom Setting on Students’ Motivation to Read. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Sakr Lea
Published: July 2022

When evaluating the classroom learning environment, little attention is given to the classroom physical setting and the way it affects how students perceive their learning environment. Reading attics in the first graders classroom were built to examine whether they impact students’ motivation to read or not. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the effectiveness of the reading attics on first graders’ motivation to read. This study is qualitative in nature and employs three instruments: the management personnel focused-groups, interviews with the teachers and a personal journal entry. Qualitative data analysis yielded results showing that teachers and management personnel believed that the reading attics increased students’ excitement and motivation in the classroom and with a better communication of the reading attics’ purpose, these lofts would have been used to their fullest and would have minimized disruptive behaviors. Further research could evaluate the students’ perceptions regarding the impact of the reading attics on students’ motivation to read and collect more data to examine the effectiveness of physical learning environments of schools on teaching and learning practices.
EXPLAINING REGIONAL ALIGNMENT CHOICES IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Dedeyan Hrag
Published: July 2022

Ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, and the gradual growth in significance of the South Caucasus region economically and geopolitically, Armenia and Georgia have found themselves struggling to safeguard their national sovereignty and develop their weak economies. They have been forced to adhere to waves of expansion by both Russia and the European Union and NATO. They have also been obliged to choose one sphere of influence over the other, with serious consequences for national sovereignty and foreign policy considerations. This thesis examines the reasons behind Armenia’s and Georgia’s regional alignment choices. Georgia’s national Western identity, and history of Russian occupation and aggression on its territorial sovereignty, has led it to align with the Western bloc, especially after the 2003 Rose Revolution and the 2008 Russian-Georgian war that led to the de-facto secession of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia. On the other hand, Armenia’s economic and military dependence on Moscow, and the struggle over Nagorno-Karabagh and its ensuing security climate, has pushed it to align with Russia at the expense of its own economic relations and geopolitical position. The thesis tests the alignment choices of the two Transcaucasian states against neorealist predictions. Whereas neorealism offers a robust explanation with regards to Armenia’s alignment choice, it fails to offer a compelling explanation for Georgia’s integration into Western structures. The latter’s foreign policy orientation towards the West can be better understood through constructivist approaches that consider Georgia’s post-revolution policy-makers’ immaterial identity preferences and perceptions of state purpose, both of which have been staunchly pro-European.
Whole-Genome Molecular Characterization and Typing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Lebanon. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, El Hassan Sarah
Published: July 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The rising prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus in both community and hospital settings is a significant public health concern. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was used for the molecular characterization of 31 S. aureus clinical isolates. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was studied using different typing approaches, including Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), S. aureus protein A (spa) typing, and Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette (SCCmec) typing of the Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined, and virulence determinants were detected in silico. Most of the studied isolates carried the blaZ gene, 45% were MRSA, and 32% were MDR. Fifteen distinct MLST allelic profiles were identified with the most common STs being ST80 (22.58%), ST6 (12.9%), and ST1 (12.9%). Nineteen different spa types were detected, with the major ones being t044 (19.35%), t127 (12.9%), and t304 (9.67%). SCCmec typing of MRSA revealed the prevalence the type IV, and the most common strain was MRSA ST80-t044-IV. The worldwide dissemination of the MRSA-ST80 clone decreased over the past few years, but it was still the most common strain in Lebanon. For the first time, we detected an untypeable SCCmec cassette harboring multiple ccr complexes or missing some of the conserved genes. Using the SCCmecFinder, we were able to predict the mec cassettes and showed that the SSA11 harbored a pseudo-SCCmec element resembling the one detected SCCmec type IV(2B). This study provided a high-resolution view of the molecular characteristics of S. aureus clinical isolates. It confirmed that diverse isolates of MSSA and MRSA are circulating in the country differing in antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence determinants. Our results should be further investigated in multiple-center settings to address the high incidence and burden of S. aureus infections in Lebanon.
The Effect of Formulation Parameters on the Physical Properties and In-Vitro Dissolution Profile of Ethyl Cellulose-Theophylline Microspheres Using the Emulsion-Solvent Evaporation Process. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Rammal Hassan
Published: July 2022

Controlled-Release drug delivery using microspheres depends on drug-encapsulation formulation, processing conditions, and excipient physical properties. Several parameters affect the microspheres’ formation and properties, including Physical, Chemical, and dissolution profile. This thesis aims to gain a better understanding of the number and type of parameters which affect the properties of Ethyl-Cellulose-Theophylline microspheres, and also attempts to explain the reason why said parameter affects said property in a certain specific way. In order to fully explore by which means drug-encapsulated microspheres are affected, this thesis looked at eight different parameters which were suspected to trigger changes in the properties of microspheres. The final aim of this thesis was to develop the most effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly method to form microspheres possessing the most beneficial properties for controlled release drug delivery
Class Interest and the Kafala System in Lebanon. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Shalha Rasha
Published: July 2022

The Kafala system is a form of sponsorship for migrant workers that wish to work within another country. This system is most prevalent in Arabic countries where a great number of workers are needed for industries like oil and production. However, many feel that the strict stipulations of the Kafala system gives too much power to local sponsors over migrant workers and may inhibit their freedom of choice. Other argue that the Kafala system is a necessary economic structure, bringing essential employees to the work force and reinforcing the middle-class economy. By interviewing sponsors who use the Kafala system within the country of Lebanon, information revealed indicates that this system, while with its faults, remains an integral part of the economy. By better understanding the need for the Kafala system within Lebanon, one can better approach the human rights concerns in law and social context.
Helping Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Overcome Academic and Psychosocial Challenges. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al Samhoury Ola
Published: July 2022

This study explores educational challenges that Syrian refugee children face, and support programs offered to them by an NGO for non-formal early childhood education. It is guided by the theory of care and education in emergency framework. The researcher had access to the study site, and the participants are employed at that NGO making them a purposeful sample of teachers, teacher assistants, educational coach, ECE program manager, and PSS program manager. A qualitative case study design was adopted to explore the phenomenon in its natural setting. Data were collected through class observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Items for the observations and interviews were derived from the research questions and the reviewed literature, and the instruments were piloted to enhance their credibility. Ethical considerations were ensured by the IRB approval. Data were analyzed inductively, and results were cross checked through triangulation to increase the trustworthiness of findings. Twelve sub-themes were grouped into Educational Challenges, Academic and Psychosocial Support. Results show that behavior challenges, issues in teacher-student interaction, and language difficulties disrupted the Syrian refugee children’s education. Academic support was provided through instructional and engagement practices, use of children’s native language, and positive classroom management. The PSS program and social and emotional learning (SEL) are embedded in the curriculum; PSS is provided through creating a safe and inclusive environment, promoting the children’s identities, motivating them, and helping them express themselves through different activities.
Asymmetric Warfare Through the Communication of Threats. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Mendelek Mighel
Published: July 2022

For more than thirteen years now, Hezbollah and Israel, against all the odds of asymmetric deterrence, have been maintaining a relatively stable deterrence status quo. After the deployment of Katyusha rockets in 1992, and starting in 1996, Hezbollah established with Israel a set of rules, commonly known as, the “rules of the game”, to mediate their military confrontation on the lines of deterrence. Importantly, throughout the evolution of the deterrence relationship between both parties, Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah’s discourse and speeches have become a centerpiece to assess Hezbollah’s military capability, its will, and its commitment to deter Israel. After Israel’s withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, and specifically during the 2006 war, Nasrallah, as the Secretary General of Hezbollah, further bolstered the party’s discourse of deterrence vis a vis Israel. In this context, this research work builds primarily on the analysis of Nasrallah’s speeches and statements that focus on deterrence, as translated exclusively in this thesis from Arabic to English, starting in 1992. This thesis evaluates an understudied case, asymmetric deterrence in the Middle East, by testing the theory of deterrence on Hezbollah and Israel. Likewise, it analyzes the translatability, thus, the efficacy of Hezbollah’s exponential growth in military capability, as reflected in Nasrallah’s and the party’s discourse of deterrence between the years 1992 and 2019.
Violent Extremism Prevention in the Era of Globalization. (c2020)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Safieddine Line
Published: July 2022

Violent extremism is a key challenge to security in most parts of the world. This has become particularly the case as globalization facilitates violent extremism through global media coverages as well as global economic finance that provide strategic access to violent extremist groups. At the same time, preventing violent extremism in the era of globalization has also become possible as collaborations between governments, international organizations and civil societies increased. Yet, it remains critical to identify strategies that have proven most effective in undermining and preventing violent extremism. In this thesis we examine the lessons learned from global efforts to counter the media and finance campaign of ISIS as to draw a comprehensive integrated strategy for PVE. The significance of the study stems from the fact that global strategizing efforts are needed to pay greater emphasis on the media and finance, specifically in weak and vulnerable states. The lessons extracted from the struggle against ISIS on both media and finance fronts demonstrate ways to strengthen youth resilience to stand against violent extremists’ appeal and recruits on both media and finance fronts.