bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Similarity Features and Deep Representation Learning for Stance Detection in the Context of Checking Fake News
Authors: Borges Luís , Martins Bruno , Calado Pável
Published: June 2019

Fake news is nowadays an issue of pressing concern, given its recent rise as a potential threat to high-quality journalism and well-informed public discourse. The Fake News Challenge (FNC-1) was organized in early 2017 to encourage the development of machine-learning-based classification systems for stance detection (i.e., for identifying whether a particular news article agrees, disagrees, discusses, or is unrelated to a particular news headline), thus helping in the detection and analysis of possible instances of fake news. This article presents a novel approach to tackle this stance detection problem, based on the combination of string similarity features with a deep neural network architecture that leverages ideas previously advanced in the context of learning-efficient text representations, document classification, and natural language inference. Specifically, we use bi-directional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), together with max-pooling over the temporal/sequential dimension and neural attention, for representing (i) the headline, (ii) the first two sentences of the news article, and (iii) the entire news article. These representations are then combined/compared, complemented with similarity features inspired on other FNC-1 approaches, and passed to a final layer that predicts the stance of the article toward the headline. We also explore the use of external sources of information, specifically large datasets of sentence pairs originally proposed for training and evaluating natural language inference methods to pre-train specific components of the neural network architecture (e.g., the RNNs used for encoding sentences). The obtained results attest to the effectiveness of the proposed ideas and show that our model, particularly when considering pre-training and the combination of neural representations together with similarity features, slightly outperforms the previous state of the art.
Stepwise increasing sequential offsets cannot be used to deliver high thermal intensities with little or no perception of pain
Authors: Derbyshire Stuart W. G. , Long Victoria Jane En , Asplund Christopher L.
Published: June 2019

Offset analgesia (OA) is the disproportionate decrease in pain experience following a slight decrease in noxious heat stimulus intensity. We tested whether sequential offsets would allow noxious temperatures to be reached with little or no perception of pain. Forty-eight participants continuously rated their pain experience during trials containing trains of heat stimuli delivered by Peltier thermode. Stimuli were adjusted through either stepwise sequential increases of 2°C and decreases of 1°C or direct step increases of 1°C up to a maximum of 46°C. Step durations (1, 2, 3, or 6 s) varied by trial. Pain ratings generally followed presented temperature, regardless of step condition or duration. For 6-s steps, OA was observed after each decrease, but the overall pain trajectory was unchanged. We found no evidence that sequential offsets could allow for little pain perception during noxious temperature presentation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Offset analgesia is the disproportionate decrease in pain experience following a slight decrease in noxious heat stimulus intensity. We tested whether sequential offsets would allow noxious temperatures to be reached with little or no perception of pain. We found little evidence of such overall analgesia. In contrast, we observed analgesic effects after each offset with long-duration stimuli, even with relatively low-temperature noxious stimuli.
Alternative representation of neural activation in multivariate models of neurovascular coupling in humans
Authors: Panerai Ronney B. , Hanby Martha F. , Robinson Thompson G. , Haunton Victoria J.
Published: June 2019

Neural stimulation leads to increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF), but simultaneous changes in covariates, such as arterial blood pressure (BP) and [Formula: see text], rule out the use of CBF changes as a reliable marker of neurovascular coupling (NVC) integrity. Healthy subjects performed repetitive (1 Hz) passive elbow flexion with their dominant arm for 60 s. CBF velocity (CBFV) was recorded bilaterally in the middle cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler, BP with the Finometer device, and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) with capnography. The simultaneous effects of neural stimulation, BP, and [Formula: see text] on CBFV were expressed with a dynamic multivariate model, using BP, EtCO2, and stimulation [ s( t)] as inputs. Two versions of s( t) were considered: a gate function [ sG( t)] or an orthogonal decomposition [ sO( t)] function. A separate CBFV step response was extracted from the model for each of the three inputs, providing estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation [CA; autoregulation index (ARI)], CO2 reactivity [vasomotor reactivity step response (VMRSR)], and NVC [stimulus step response (STIMSR)]. In 56 subjects, 224 model implementations produced excellent predictive CBFV correlation (median r = 0.995). Model-generated sO( t), for both dominant (DH) and nondominant (NDH) hemispheres, was highly significant during stimulation (<10−5) and was correlated with the CBFV change ( r = 0.73, P = 0.0001). The sO( t) explained a greater fraction of CBFV variance (~50%) than sG( t) (44%, P = 0.002). Most CBFV step responses to the three inputs were physiologically plausible, with better agreement for the CBFV-BP step response yielding ARI values of 7.3 for both DH and NDH for sG( t), and 6.9 and 7.4 for sO( t), respectively. No differences between DH and NDH were observed for VMRSR or STIMSR. A new procedure is proposed to represent the contribution from other aspects of CBF regulation than BP and CO2 in response to sensorimotor stimulation, as a tool for integrated, noninvasive, assessment of the multiple influences of dynamic CA, CO2 reactivity, and NVC in humans.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new approach was proposed to identify the separate contributions of stimulation, arterial blood pressure (BP), and arterial CO2 ([Formula: see text]) to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response observed in neurovascular coupling (NVC) studies in humans. Instead of adopting an empirical gate function to represent the stimulation input, a model-generated function is derived as part of the modeling process, providing a representation of the NVC response, independent of the contributions of BP or [Formula: see text]. This new marker of NVC, together with the model-predicted outputs for the contributions of BP, [Formula: see text] and stimulation, has considerable potential to both quantify and simultaneously integrate the separate mechanisms involved in CBF regulation, namely, cerebral autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and other contributions.
Use of Cumulative Live Birth Rate per Total Number of Embryos to Calculate the Success of IVF in Consecutive IVF Cycles in Women Aged ≥35 Years
Authors: Zhang Meng , Bu Tao , Tian Haiqing , Li Xia , Wang Duolao , Wan Xiaohui , Wang Qingli , Mao Xinmin , La Xiaolin
Published: June 2019

Objective. The use of cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) per ovarian stimulation cycle is proving to be an accurate method to calculate the success of IVF; however, the cycle outcome is closely associated with the number of embryos transferred (ET). Our aim was to report CLBR after IVF according to the number of embryos required to achieve a live birth in women aged ≥35 years, considering age, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 1344 patients who underwent IVF between January 2013 and June 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. The cumulative probability of live birth for each couple was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and survival curves were compared according to age, BMI, and ethnicity using the log-rank test. Results. CLBR increased rapidly from 1 to 5 ETs, moderately from 6 to 10 ETs, and slowly thereafter. CLBR was significantly different across 4 categories based on BMI as well as across those based on age; low CLBR was significantly associated with the age of ≥42 years and obesity. Conclusion. The association between CLBR and number of ET provides realistic and precise information regarding the success of IVF and can be applied to guide clinicians and patients.
Nail Lichen Planus in a Patient with Cogan Syndrome: Report of a Case and Discussion
Authors: Houriet Carine , Haneke Eckart
Published: June 2019

Cogan syndrome and lichen planus represent two autoimmune disorders. Cogan syndrome is a very rare type of ANCA-negative vasculitis affecting the eyes and vestibulocochlear system. It has been associated with other autoimmune disorders, none of them showing any lichenoid inflammation. We herein report the first case of a patient that suffered from Cogan disease and developed isolated lichen planus on all nails a few years after the first diagnosis. The combination of two autoimmune disorders is not unusual and raises the question of common immunogenetic pathomechanisms.
Somatic BRCA2 Mutation-Positive Concurrent Accessory Male Breast Cancer (BC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Excellent Efficacy of Palbociclib, Fulvestrant and Leuprolide in Platinum-Exposed and Endocrine-Refractory BC Associated with Cyclin D1 and FGFR1 Amplification and of Carboplatin, Paclitaxel and Radiation in NSCLC
Authors: Cheng Yu , Li Ningjing , Eapen Ann , Parajuli Ritesh , Mehta Rita
Published: June 2019

Accessory male breast cancer (BC) is a rare entity and is associated with poor outcome. We report a 76-year-old patient who was diagnosed with concurrent accessory breast and primary lung cancer, both were positive for somatic BRCA-2 (E1593D) mutation. He received concurrent radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer with good response, but breast cancer progressed in about 8 months, and further progressed after single agent anastrozole in 10 months. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of breast cancer was also positive for CCND1 (Cyclin D1) and FGFR1 amplifications. Despite a poor molecular profile of breast cancer, and progression following platinum-based chemotherapy and anastrozole, he was successfully treated with the Cyclin-dependent kinase (CKD) 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, estrogen-receptor down-regulator fulvestrant and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist leuprolide with the duration of response of 21 months which has exceeded duration of response to prior treatments. This case is of interest given FDA expanded the approval of palbociclib in combination with AI or fulvestrant for male patients with HR–positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in Apr. 2019 based on real-world data from electronic health records.
A importância da América Latina para a recentralização asiática no sistema-mundo
Authors: Rodrigues Bernardo Salgado , Martins Carlos Eduardo Da Rosa
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo busca delinear e debater a hipótese da importância latinoamericana para a recentralização asiática – ou reorientalização – no sistema-mundo. A partir da perspectiva da longa duração, busca-se apresentar a dualidade de um sistemamundo milenar centrado na Ásia e a ascensão de um sistema-mundo europeu no século XVI. Assim, a periferização asiática diante do apogeu do sistema-mundo capitalista europeu a partir da Revolução Industrial começa a ser revertida no final do século XX, cujo eixo gravitacional é recentralizado para o sudeste asiático, influenciado pela China. No contexto do século XXI, a importância da América Latina neste processo se faz presente, constatada a partir da crescente presença chinesa nas relações políticas, econômicas e comerciais com os países latino-americanos.
Artes plásticas sob o crivo da formação: a discussão sobre forma e processo social em Gilda de Mello e Souza e Rodrigo Naves
Authors: Marino Rafael
Published: June 2019

Com base, principalmente, em alguns textos de Rodrigo Naves e Gilda de Mello e Souza, este artigo almeja discutir e escandir as linhas evolutivas da experiência nacional – diversa, porém não alheia ao resto do mundo – figurada via artes plásticas. Pretende-se, assim, discutir, mais especificamente, algumas formalizações dos autores supracitados quanto a formação das artes plásticas no Brasil, a partir do ponto de vista mesmo da forma artística. É preciso dizer que essa discussão entronca, necessariamente, em um dos tópicos centrais do pensamento político e social brasileiro, a saber, o chamado sentido da formação. O qual, de acordo com Otília e Paulo Arantes (Arantes; Arantes, 1997a; 1997b), galvanizou boa parte da vida mental brasileira – com um intuito tanto descritivo quanto normativo – originando grandes esquemas interpretativos os quais, a um só tempo, registravam tendências reais na sociedade e tinham como ponto de fuga a constituição de uma ossatura moderna sustentadora da evolução de nosso meio disforme em direção a uma nação moderna e integrada, à europeia.
La régulation des professions de santé en France
Authors: Brissy Stéphane
Published: June 2019

La régulation juridique des professions de santé s’inscrit dans une politique de santé publique et participe de la mise en place d’un système de santé de qualité accessible à tous. Elle a cependant été longtemps accaparée par des corps professionnels, essentiellement le corps médical, défendant un système libéral et une autonomie juridique des professions. L’organisation professionnelle de la santé s’en ressent encore aujourd’hui mais tend de plus en plus à devenir l’affaire de tous les citoyens.
O negócio da falsa ciência e o amplo acesso ao conhecimento científico
Authors: Dallari Sueli Gandolfi
Published: June 2019

Uma pesquisa internacional realizada por um grupo de jornalistas reunidos no projeto Fake Science examinou uma base de dados com 175 mil artigos e apresentações em conferências “duvidosas” e publicou seus resultados em veículos de imprensa respeitáveis (entre eles o francês Le Monde, o norueguês Aftenposten, os alemães Süd-deutsche Zeitung e Norddeutsche Rundfunk, entre outros). Esses resultados são estarrecedores. Existe um negócio muito bem orquestrado que vem se aproveitando da injunção posta aos pesquisadores de publicar muito. Ele funciona assim: as sociedades que publicam revistas “duvidosas” ou organizam falsas conferências científicas escrevem para pesquisadores e empresas de todo o mundo e recomendam uma publicação em determinado periódico científico. Em seguida, elas publicam – mediante pagamento – rapidamente as contribuições dos pesquisadores, muitas vezes sem o adequado exame do conteúdo. Desse modo, mesmo estudos “duvidosos” vêm à luz com um selo de “ciência”.
Range extension of Trigonella uncata Boiss. & Noë (Leguminosae) in peninsular India and a new record for Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Ingalhalikar Shrikant , Dharap Adittya Vishwanath
Published: June 2019

Trigonella uncata Boiss. & Noë (Leguminosae) was recently collected from Pune District of Maharashtra State, which is a range extension of the species in peninsular India and a new record for the state.  Description, images, and notes are provided to facilitate the identification of the species.
First camera trap record of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) from Khangchendzonga, Sikkim, India
Authors: Bashir Tawqir , Bhattacharya Tapajit , Poudyal Kamal , Sathyakumar Sambandam
Published: June 2019

The Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) is recognized as one of the most elusive arboreal carnivores of the eastern Himalaya that is poorly documented.  We report the first camera trap record of the Red Panda from the Prek catchment of Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR) in Sikkim, India.  A total of three independent image captures were recorded during the sampling.  All occurrence records were exclusively from the sub-alpine habitat and restricted to an elevation range of 3,000–3,850 m.  This study not only accentuates the significance of sub-alpine habitats for the conservation of the Red Panda but also elucidates the importance of camera traps as an efficient sampling tool.  Through this study, we propose the requirement of a long-term study on the species within and outside the protected areas of Sikkim.
First record of black scavenger fly of the genus Meroplius Rondani, 1874 (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Noor , Tamkeen Ansa , Hassan Muhammad Asghar
Published: June 2019

A new record is added to the black scavenger fly fauna of Pakistan by the reporting of Meroplius minutus (Wiedemann, 1830), a rare species from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan.  The genus is also a new record for the country.  Diagnostic characters of both the genus and the species are provided in detail with the help of images.  In addition, detailed distribution notes and information about their habitats are provided.
Acute Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Huang Zhen , Patel Manesh R. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Held Peter , Jones W. Schuyler , Katona Brian , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Rockhold Frank W. , Hiatt William R.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is an important clinical event and an emerging cardiovascular clinical trial outcome. Risk factors for and outcomes after ALI have not been fully evaluated.

Methods:

EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) randomized patients with peripheral artery disease to ticagrelor versus clopidogrel. Enrollment criteria included an ankle-brachial index ≤0.80 or previous lower extremity revascularization. Patients were grouped according to the primary outcome, postrandomization ALI hospitalization. Baseline factors associated with ALI were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Models with ALI hospitalization as a time-dependent covariate were developed for secondary outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke), all-cause mortality, and major amputation.

Results:

Among 13 885 patients, 1.7% (n=232) had 293 ALI hospitalizations (0.8 per 100 patient-years). Patients with versus without ALI were younger and more often had previous peripheral revascularization and lower baseline ankle-brachial index. Treatment during ALI hospitalization included endovascular revascularization (39.2%, n=115), surgical bypass (24.6%, n=72), and major amputation (13.0%, n=38). After multivariable adjustment, any previous peripheral revascularization (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.7, 95% CI 3.3–6.8,
P
<0.01), baseline atrial fibrillation (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.2,
P
=0.03), and baseline ankle-brachial index ≤0.60 (HR 1.3 per 0.10 decrease, 95% CI 1.1–1.5,
P
<0.01) were associated with higher ALI risk. Older age (HR 0.8 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 0.7–1.0,
P
=0.02) and baseline statin use (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9,
P
<0.01) were associated with lower risk for ALI. There was no relationship between randomized treatment to ticagrelor or clopidogrel and ALI. Among patients with previous revascularization, surgical versus endovascular procedures performed more than 6 months prior were associated with ALI (adjusted HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.75–3.96). In the overall population, ALI hospitalization was associated with subsequent MACE (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.1,
P
=0.04), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4–4.6,
P
<0.01), and major amputation (adjusted HR 34.2, 95% CI 9.7–20.8,
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:

Previous peripheral revascularization, baseline atrial fibrillation, and lower ankle-brachial index identify peripheral artery disease patients at heightened risk for ALI, an event associated with subsequent cardiovascular and limb-related morbidity and mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
“The Righteous and Reasonable Ambition to Become a Landholder”: Land and Racial Inequality in the Postbellum South
Authors: Miller Melinda C.
Published: June 2019

This paper identifies an exogenous variation in post–Civil War policy to examine the effect of land reform on racial inequality. The Cherokee Nation, located in what is now Oklahoma, permitted slavery and joined the Confederacy in 1861. During postwar negotiations, the Cherokee Nation agreed to provide free land for its former slaves. Using linked data that follow former slaves in the Cherokee Nation from 1880 to 1900, I find that racial inequality was lower in the Cherokee Nation in both 1880 and 1900. Land and the associated increase in incomes may have facilitated investment in both physical and human capital.
A new tuberous species of Begonia sect. Diploclinium endemic to Danxia landforms in central China
Authors: TIAN DAI-KE , LI CHUN , YU XUN-LIN , ZHOU JIAN-LIN , LIU KE-MING , SHU JIANG-PING , ZHOU XI-LE , XIAO YAN
Published: June 2019

Begonia danxiaensis, a new tuberous species of Begonia, is described and illustrated, and supported by morphological and molecular evidences. It belongs to Begonia sect. Diploclinium and is endemic to the Danxia landforms of both Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, China. The morphological similarity between the new species and its similar taxa were compared and discussed. The new species is assigned to Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
A revision of the Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861) group (Squamata: Colubridae) , with the description of three new species from the Indochinese Region
Authors: DAVID PATRICK , VOGEL GERNOT , VAN ROOIJEN JOHAN
Published: June 2019

The group of Asian colubrid species morphologically similar to Oligodon taeniatus (Günther, 1861), previously containing only O. taeniatus, Oligodon mouhoti (Günther, 1864) and Oligodon barroni (Smith, 1916), is revised on the basis of variation in external morphology and dentition of 175 specimens. The confused nomenclatural history of O. taeniatus and its name bearing type is discussed. A neotype is described for Simotes quadrilineatus Jan & Sordelli, 1865, a synonym of O. taeniatus. The holotype of Simotes taeniatus var. mouhoti Boulenger, 1914 is identified. Three new species within this group are described. Oligodon pseudotaeniatus spec. nov. is described on the basis of specimens from central Thailand. This species is morphologically similar to Oligodon taeniatus, but differs by the combination of 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody, 8 supralabials, the absence of dark dorsal and tail blotches and the presence of a vertebral stripe edged with black but no dorsolateral stripes. Oligodon deuvei spec. nov. is described on the basis of specimens from southern Vietnam and Laos; it differs from other known species of the group by the combination of 12–15 maxillary teeth, 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody, usually seven supralabials, the absence of dark dorsal and tail blotches and the presence of a broad vertebral stripe, often conspicuously orange or rusty red. This species is most similar to Oligodon barroni but differs from the latter by a higher number of maxillary teeth and the absence of dark dorsal and tail blotches. Lastly, Oligodon moricei spec. nov. is described on the basis of a single specimen from southern Vietnam. It differs from other species by the combination of a broad rusty brown vertebral stripe edged with two broad black stripes, 12 maxillary teeth, 17 dorsal scale rows, a high number of ventral scales, seven supralabials and a dark cloudy or smoky venter. These new species are compared with other species known from the Indo-Chinese Region. The diagnoses of O. taeniatus, O. mouhoti and O. barroni are revised. A key to members of the group is given.
A new endemic cave dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Vietnam
Authors: TRI NGO VAN , GRISMER L. LEE , GRISMER JESSE L.
Published: June 2019

A new endemic cave-dwelling species of gekkonid lizard, Cyrtodactylus hontreensis sp. nov., is described from Hon Tre Island in Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve in southwestern Vietnam and differentiated from all other species by a unique suite of the following characters: SVL of 79.7 ± 4.9 mm, three broad transverse dorsal body bands edged in white between limb insertions, very low smooth dorsal body tubercles, the absence of a precloacal groove, 7–8 precloacal pores arranged in a chevron in males, a shallow dorsal groove on the tail, absence of caudal tubercles, and various aspects of color pattern.
Contributing to the progress of descriptive taxonomy
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: June 2019

One of the fundamental quests of biology is discovering how many species inhabit the Earth. Yet the vast majority of the world’s animal species are waiting to be discovered, named and described—estimates of the total number vary from 5 to 30 million.  Most biologists would agree that taxonomy is important and fundamental to credible biology, and descriptive taxonomy is the most important task of taxonomy (Wheeler 2007). Unfortunately, the reality is that descriptive taxonomy has been marginalized since the mid-1950s and has sustained serious losses in funding and academic positions in universities and museums around the world, especially since phylogenetic and molecular studies became popular in the last twenty years.  During this period, there has also been an important historical trend in taxonomic publishing—many journal publishers/editors have been making increasing demands on authors to provide phylogenetic analysis, molecular systematics, and other modern types of information in taxonomic papers. In addition, there are long publication delays and/or increasing page charges for many journals that do publish descriptive taxonomic papers. Zootaxa was founded in 2001 to provide a much-needed outlet for descriptive taxonomic papers and monographs that are difficult to publish elsewhere, and as a result has received tremendous support from taxonomists worldwide, despite the fact that it is a grass-roots project without support from government and institutions (Zhang 2006a).  Zootaxa satisfied the publishing need of many zoological taxonomists, and sustained a period of rapid growth during 2001 to 2006 (Zhang 2006b). During the last two years, it has continued to grow in size, and especially in its impact, and has become a major force in reviving descriptive taxonomy on a global scale.  Here I summarize some encouraging data on the growth of Zootaxa and its impact.  I also comment on its contribution to the progress of  descriptive taxonomy.
Descriptions of Danielsia Theobald, a genus recently resurrected from synonymy (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), and its type species Dn. albotaeniata Leicester
Authors: REINERT JOHN F.
Published: June 2019

A detailed morphological description of the recently reestablished genus Danielsia and its type species, Dn. albotaeniata, are provided. An extensive list of previous literature pertaining to the genus is included. Genus Danielsia includes three species, Dn. albotaeniata, Dn. harperi and Dn. lepchana. Distribution, bionomics, distinguishing features of each life stage and background information for the genus are provided.
A remarkable new species of Kiotina Klapálek, 1907 (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China
Authors: MO RAORAO , WANG GUOQUAN , LI WEIHAI , MURÁNYI DÁVID
Published: June 2019

A remarkable new species of the genus Kiotina Klapálek, 1907 is described, K. bilobata sp. nov. both from Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces of China. The taxonomic relationships with related species are discussed in this paper.
New species of Pachyphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmida: Pseudophasmatidae: Xerosomatinae) with comments on Grylloclonia Zompro, 2004 n. syn.
Authors: MURCIA ANDRES DAVID , CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , NORIEGA JORGE ARI , GARCÍA ALEXANDER GARCÍA
Published: June 2019

We describe a new species of Pachyphloea from the Natural National Park (NNP) Chicaque, Cundinamarca in the Colombian Andes, providing data on the structure and variability of its eggs. In addition, we synonymize Grylloclonia n. syn. under Pachyphloea, and provide a key for distinguishing males and females of the known species. Finally, we discuss the taxonomical delimitation of genera within the tribe Xerosomatini, and highlight the necessity of carrying out additional studies in this particular taxon of stick insects.
What Controls the Duration of El Niño and La Niña Events?
Authors: Wu Xian , Okumura Yuko M. , DiNezio Pedro N.
Published: June 2019

The temporal evolution of El Niño and La Niña varies greatly from event to event. To understand the dynamical processes controlling the duration of El Niño and La Niña events, a suite of observational data and a long control simulation of the Community Earth System Model, version 1, are analyzed. Both observational and model analyses show that the duration of El Niño is strongly affected by the timing of onset. El Niño events that develop early tend to terminate quickly after the mature phase because of the early arrival of delayed negative oceanic feedback and fast adjustments of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the tropical Pacific Ocean warming. The duration of La Niña events is, on the other hand, strongly influenced by the amplitude of preceding warm events. La Niña events preceded by a strong warm event tend to persist into the second year because of large initial discharge of the equatorial oceanic heat content and delayed adjustments of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the tropical Pacific cooling. For both El Niño and La Niña, the interbasin sea surface temperature (SST) adjustments reduce the anomalous SST gradient toward the tropical Pacific and weaken surface wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific, hastening the event termination. Other factors external to the dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation, such as coupled variability in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans and atmospheric variability over the North Pacific, also contribute to the diversity of event duration.
Similarity Theory in the Surface Layer of Large-Eddy Simulations of the Wind-, Wave-, and Buoyancy-Forced Southern Ocean
Authors: Large William G. , Patton Edward G. , DuVivier Alice K. , Sullivan Peter P. , Romero Leonel
Published: June 2019

Monin–Obukhov similarity theory is applied to the surface layer of large-eddy simulations (LES) of deep Southern Ocean boundary layers. Observations from the Southern Ocean Flux Station provide a wide range of wind, buoyancy, and wave (Stokes drift) forcing. Two No-Stokes LES are used to determine the extent of the ocean surface layer and to adapt the nondimensional momentum and buoyancy gradients, as functions of the stability parameter. Stokes-forced LES are used to modify this parameter for wave effects, then to formulate dependencies of Stokes similarity functions on a Stokes parameter ξ. To account for wind-wave misalignment, the dimensional analysis is extended with two independent variables, namely, the production of turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer due to Stokes shear and the total production, so that their ratio gives ξ. Stokes forcing is shown to reduce vertical shear more than stratification, and to enhance viscosity and diffusivity by factors up to 5.8 and 4.0, respectively, such that the Prandtl number can exceed unity. A practical parameterization is developed for ξ in terms of the meteorological forcing plus a Stokes drift profile, so that the Stokes and stability similarity functions can be combined to give turbulent velocity scales. These scales for both viscosity and diffusivity are evaluated against the LES, and the correlations are nearly 0.97. The benefit of calculating Stokes drift profiles from directional wave spectra is demonstrated by similarly evaluating three alternatives.
A Heuristic Approach for Precipitation Data Assimilation: Characterization Using OSSEs
Authors: Pérez Hortal Andrés A. , Zawadzki Isztar , Yau M. K.
Published: June 2019

We introduce a new technique for the assimilation of precipitation observations, the localized ensemble mosaic assimilation (LEMA). The method constructs an analysis by selecting, for each vertical column in the model, the ensemble member with precipitation at the ground that is locally closest to the observed values. The proximity between the modeled and observed precipitation is determined by the mean absolute difference of precipitation intensity, converted to reflectivity and measured over a spatiotemporal window centered at each grid point of the model. The underlying hypothesis of the approach is that the ensemble members that are locally closer to the observed precipitation are more probable to be closer to the “truth” in the state variables than the other members. The initial conditions for the new forecast are obtained by nudging the background states toward the mosaic of the closest ensemble members (analysis) over a 30 min time interval, reducing the impacts of the imbalances at the boundaries between the different selected members. The potential of the method is studied using observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) employing a small ensemble of 20 members. The ensemble is produced by the WRF Model, run at a horizontal grid spacing of 20 km. The experiments lend support to the validity of the hypothesis and allow the determination of the optimal parameters for the approach. In the context of OSSE, this new data assimilation technique is able to produce forecasts with considerable and long-lived error reductions in the fields of precipitation, temperature, humidity, and wind.
Correlation Between HMGB1 and TLR4 Expression in Sinonasal Mucosa in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Taziki Mohammad Hossein , Azarhoush Ramin , Taziki Mohammad Mahdi , Naghavi-Alhosseini Mahdieh , Javid Naeme , Davoodi Homa
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common inflammations in the upper airway. Despite the wide prevalence of CRS, the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. Several components of the innate immune system may play a significant role in CRS, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR9, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). This study was conducted to determine the expression of TLR4, TLR9, HMGB1, and pNFκ-B p65 in paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with CRS with nasal polyps compared with those of the control group.

Methods:

Twenty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from patients with confirmed CRS and 26 patients undergoing septoplasty due to anatomic variations and no other inflammatory nasal diseases as the control group were assessed. Expression patterns of HMGB1, TLR9, TLR4, and pNFκ-B p65 genes were examined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS and analyzed using unpaired 2-tailed t tests or 1-way analysis of variance.

Results:

Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of HMGB1 messenger RNA was significantly increased in the tissues of patients with CRS compared with controls ( P < .05). The other 3 genes were also upregulated in the patients, but were not significant compared with control. Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient ( r) revealed a significant positive correlation between HMGB1 and TLR4 ( r = 0.79, P < .05) in patients and negative correlation between TLR4 and NfκB in the control group ( r = 0.94; P < .05).

Conclusions:

Both HMGB1 and TLR4 are increased in the paranasal sinus mucosa of patients with CRS. These results suggest a possible contribution of HMGB1 and its internal receptor (TLR4) in the pathophysiology of CRS.
Pre-pregnancy parental BMI and offspring blood pressure in infancy
Authors: Jansen Maria Adriana Cornelia , Dalmeijer Geertje W , Saldi Siti RF , Grobbee Diederick E , Baharuddin Mohammad , Uiterwaal Cuno SPM , Idris Nikmah S
Published: June 2019

Aims

A growing body of evidence suggests that a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index results in higher offspring’s blood pressure, but there is inconsistency about the impact of father’s body mass index. Furthermore, evidence is limited with regard to low and middle income countries. We aimed to determine the association between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring’s blood pressure during the first year of life.

Methods

In 587 infants of the BReastfeeding Attitude and Volume Optimization (BRAVO) trial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice at the right leg in a supine position, using an automatic oscillometric device at day 7, month 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12. Parental pre-pregnancy body mass index was based on self-reported weight and height. Linear mixed models were performed to investigate the associations between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring blood pressure patterns.

Results

Each unit increase in maternal body mass index was associated with 0.24 mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.05; 0.44) and 0.13 mmHg (0.01; 0.25) higher offspring’s mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, during the first year of life. A higher offspring blood pressure with increased maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was seen at birth and remained higher during the first year of life. The association with systolic blood pressure remained similar after including birth size and offspring’s weight and height over time. The association with diastolic blood pressure attenuated slightly to a non-significant result after including these variables. Paternal body mass index was not associated with offspring’s blood pressure.

Conclusion

Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, but not paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, is associated with higher offspring blood pressure already from birth onwards.
Multicenter analysis of outcomes in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm offers a pretargeted therapy benchmark
Authors: Taylor Justin , Haddadin Michael , Upadhyay Vivek A. , Grussie Erwin , Mehta-Shah Neha , Brunner Andrew M. , Louissaint Abner , Lovitch Scott B. , Dogan Ahmet , Fathi Amir T. , Stone Richard M. , Tallman Martin S. , Rampal Raajit K. , Neuberg Donna S. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Horwitz Steven M. , Lane Andrew A.
Published: June 2019

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an uncommon hematologic malignancy with poor outcomes. Existing data on the clinical behavior of BPDCN are limited because reported outcomes are from small retrospective series, and standardized treatment guidelines are lacking. The interleukin-3 cytotoxin conjugate tagraxofusp was recently tested in phase 1/2 trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval, the first ever for BPDCN. However, because there was no matched internal comparator in this or any clinical study to date, results of BPDCN trials testing new drugs are difficult to compare with alternative therapies. We therefore sought to define the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a group of patients with BPDCN treated at 3 US cancer centers in the modern era but before tagraxofusp was available. In 59 studied patients with BPDCN, the median overall survival from diagnosis was 24 months, and outcomes were similar in patients with “skin only” or with systemic disease at presentation. Intensive first-line therapy and “lymphoid-type” chemotherapy regimens were associated with better outcomes. Only 55% of patients received intensive chemotherapy, and 42% of patients underwent stem cell transplantation. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis associated with poorer outcomes included age >60 years, abnormal karyotype, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) negativity in the BPDCN cells. We also identified disease responses to pralatrexate and enasidenib in some patients. This study highlights poor outcomes for patients with BPDCN in the modern era and the need for new treatments. Outcomes from ongoing clinical trials for BPDCN can be evaluated relative to this contemporary cohort.
A review of psychosocial factors and personality in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Cayanan Elizabeth A. , Bartlett Delwyn J. , Chapman Julia L. , Hoyos Camilla M. , Phillips Craig L. , Grunstein Ronald R.
Published: June 2019

Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is primarily determined by adherence to the selected intervention. The most common treatment pathways are mechanical devices such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a mandibular advancement device, often combined with weight loss therapy. Weight reduction is usually an adjunct therapy but may be used as a secondary treatment in mild-to-moderate OSA when mechanical treatments cannot be tolerated. To enhance the uptake and adherence to treatment, clinicians may assess patient's personality profiles and psychological readiness. There is a paucity of evidence related to these aspects of patient care and this article outlines the current research in relation to patient presentation, treatment uptake and barriers, and methods to enhance treatment adherence.

This article disseminates personality traits observed in patients with OSA and identifies vulnerable groups who may require additional support to increase treatment adherence. It summarises the current evidence for treatment barriers in patients with OSA. Low self-efficacy in relation to CPAP and weight loss adherence will be explored as well as the potential to predict treatment responders and enhance therapeutic uptake and adherence. Extending personality traits into research and clinical practice could potentially result in more successful CPAP therapy and weight loss treatment outcomes.
Mapping diagenesis in archaeological human bones
Authors: Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Milner George , Skytte Lilian , Lynnerup Niels , Thomsen Jørgen Lange , Boldsen Jesper Lier
Published: June 2019

We describe a procedure for ascertaining the extent of diagenesis in archaeological human skeletons through the distribution of Sr, Ba, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Mn in cross-sections of femoral cortical bone. Element mapping is performed through Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Absolute calibrations of element concentrations were obtained using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) on adjacent dissolved bulk bone samples. By comparing a modern individual to five medieval to early modern Danish skeletons, we demonstrate the degree to which concentrations of trace elements are attributable to diagenesis. Invasion from the exterior bone surface into a degraded part of the outer cortical bone is the most frequently occurring diagenetic change. In the archaeological skeletons investigated, diagenetic modification is restricted to, at most, the outer ca. 0.5 mm of bone. In one femur, Haversian channels were filled with diagenetic material, which appears to have entered the bone through a network of cavities largely made up by Haversian and Volkmann’s canals.
The effects of crop diversity and crop species on biological diversity in agricultural landscapes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Moss Cami , Lukac Martin , Harris Francesca , Outhwaite Charlotte L. , Scheelbeek Pauline F.D. , Green Rosemary , Dangour Alan D.
Published: June 2019

Agricultural intensification is a well-known driver of biodiversity loss. Diversity of crop production over space and time reduces land use intensity and may mitigate impacts on biodiversity while contributing to growing demand for human food and nutrition resources. Crop species are also known to have independent impacts on biodiversity. To date, reviews synthesising our knowledge of crop species and crop diversity-biodiversity links are missing. We will therefore conduct a systematic review by searching multiple agriculture, ecology and environmental science databases (e.g. Web of Science, Geobase, Agris, AGRICOLA, GreenFILE) to identify studies reporting the impacts of crop diversity and crop species on the biological diversity of fauna, flora and microbes in agricultural landscapes. Outcomes will include metrics of species richness, abundance, assemblage, community composition and species rarity. Screening, data coding and data extraction will be carried out by one reviewer and a proportion will be independently conducted by a second reviewer. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed. Evidence will first be mapped by species/taxa then assessed for further narrative or statistical synthesis based on comparability of results and likely robustness. Gaps in the evidence base will also be identified with a view toward future research and policy directions for nutrition, food systems and ecology.
Apropriação de valor, recursos e estruturas de governança
Authors: Brasil Sandra Aparecida , De Souza José Paulo , Cunico Eliana
Published: June 2019

O estudo visa compreender como a apropriação do valor, gerado por meio de recursos, é influenciada por estruturas de governança estabelecidas por agentes do segmento produtor da Microrregião de Goioerê. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas com produtores rurais. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo a proposta de Bardin (2009). As análises permitem concluir que com a identificação e proteção de recursos estratégicos a partir de estruturas de governança eficientes, os produtores rurais dispõem de condições para sustentar valor e reduzir custos de transação. Essas estruturas protegem os recursos estratégicos gerados, como tecnologia e ativos humanos, propiciando eficiência.
História, memória e identidade na Guerra de Canudos: o interdiscurso nos posicionamentos do Exército Brasileiro e da Folha de São Paulo
Authors: Motta Rodrigo Guimarães , Mola Iara Cristina Fatima
Published: June 2019

Este estudo objetiva analisar em que medida o discurso veiculado pela Folha de S.Paulo acerca da Guerra de Canudos por ocasião do seu centenário e do centenário da morte de Conselheiro reproduziria, validaria e/ou refutaria a versão oficial do Exército Brasileiro, depreendendo daí o posicionamento do jornal a esse respeito. Para tanto, foram mobilizados conceitos advindos da História Militar e da Análise do Discurso francesa, aplicados à análise de um corpus constituído de três publicações. Os resultados revelam que a Folha fomenta a (re)construção de uma memória absolutamente contrária àquela veiculada pela versão oficial dos militares, validando-a, inclusive, historicamente.
Socialização organizacional na perspectiva de mulheres da polícia militar
Authors: Queiroz Glicielle Bezerra de , Paiva Luis Eduardo Brandão , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de
Published: June 2019

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar como ocorre o processo de socialização organizacional das mulheres na Polícia Militar, baseando-se na metodologia de Taormina (1997). Realizaram-se entrevistas com oito policiais militares, podendo-se constatar que: no domínio treinamento, as habilidades de trabalho são adquiridas no curso de formação e na informalidade; no domínio da compreensão, as policiais se mostraram informadas sobre a organização; o suporte de colegas de trabalho revelou-se influente à socialização; e as perspectivas futuras convergiram à ascensão na carreira, apesar das indicações de discriminação e frustração. Os resultados contribuem para o campo dos estudos da socialização organizacional e das organizações policiais.
Florence Nightingale Foundation: what next?
Authors: Moores Dame Yvonne
Published: June 2019

Newly appointed Chair of the Florence Nightingale Foundation, Dame Yvonne Moores shares her vision for the Foundation.
Running to stand still with patient safety in the NHS?
Authors: Tingle John
Published: June 2019

John Tingle discusses some major inquiry reports into patient safety crises in the NHS and asks whether any lessons have been learnt from events.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant: Survival Guide part 2: Surviving as a student
Authors: Fowler John
Published: June 2019

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores how to survive your nursing career