bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model for pediatric and neuropsychological screening assessment of children with learning disabilities
Authors: Mello Claudia Berlim de , Brunoni Leila Raquel Russowsky , Pilla Ana Luiza , Taddei José Augusto Aguiar Carrazedo , Barbosa Thais , Sinnes Elaine Girão , Rodrigues Camila Cruz , Miranda Monica Carolina , Muzskat Mauro , Bueno Orlando Francisco Amodeo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Objectives: The high frequency of learning difficulties, attention disorders or developmental delay in children in the early years of schooling has resulted in a greater demand for pediatric services. Such services generally include assessments covering various specialties, are lengthy and often inaccessible to families due to prohibitively high cost. This paper presents an economically efficient model of interdisciplinary diagnosis. Methods: A group of 109 Brazilian students from public schools aged between 5 and 14 years old, referred by teachers for a history of learning disabilities, behavioral changes or language problems, was evaluated at the NANI (Nucleo de Atendimento Neuropsicologico Infantil). Assessments were performed simultaneously during a single day's attendance and comprised clinical-genetic examination, behavioral assessment and neuropsychological screening, specially developed for the process. The multiaxial system of DSM-IV was adopted for diagnostic description. Results: The results revealed heterogeneity in diagnoses which included specific learning disorders (25.7%), mild intellectual disabilities (17.43%), as well as suspected dysmorphic features (11.93%). Logistic regression showed good sensitivity of neuropsychological screening in the detection of predictive factors for specific developmental disorders, while working memory (p=0.05) and language (p=0.02) problems were found to be higher risk. Conclusions: The model adopted proved to be useful for defining the diagnosis of several conditions in infancy, and can be incorporated into specialized clinics such as psychiatric or developmental pediatric services.
Executive functions and sustained attention:Comparison between age groups of 19-39 and 40-59 years old
Authors: Oliveira Camila Rosa de , Pedron Ana Cristina , Gurgel Léia Gonçalves , Reppold Caroline Tozzi , Fonseca Rochele Paz
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Few studies involving the cognition of middle-aged adults are available in the international literature, particularly investigating the process of cognitive aging, executive components and attention. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in performance on neuropsychological tasks of executive functions and sustained attention between two age groups. Methods: The sample consisted of 87 adults aged from 19 to 59 years old, divided into two groups according to the age variable (younger adults and middle-aged adults). All participants were Brazilian and had no sensory, psychiatric or neurological disorders; subjects also had no history of alcohol abuse, and no self-reported use of illicit drugs or antipsychotics. The neuropsychological instruments administered were the Hayling Test, Trail Making Test, Bells Test and verbal fluency tasks. Results: Groups showed no significant differences in relation to sociodemographic variables, educational level or frequency of reading and writing habits. The younger adult group performed better than the middle-aged group on tasks that involved mainly processing speed, cognitive flexibility and lexical search. Conclusions: These findings serve as a valuable reference for cognitive processing in middle-aged adults, since a large number of comparative studies focus only on the younger and later phases of adulthood. Additional studies are needed to investigate possible interaction between different factors such as age and education.
Training of executive functions in healthy elderly: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Lima-Silva Thaís Bento , Fabrício Aline Teixeira , Silva Laís dos Santos Vinholi e , Oliveira Glaúcia Martins de , Silva Wesley Turci da , Kissaki Priscilla Tiemi , Silva Anna Pereira Fernandes da , Sasahara Tamiris Fessel , Ordonez Tiago Nascimento , Oliveira Thalita Bianchi de , Aramaki Flávia Ogava , Buriti Adriana , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Executive functions (EF) refer to the cognitive skills necessary to formulate a goal, plan, execute plans effectively, and to perform self-monitoring and self-correction. Several aspects of EF change during the normal aging process. Objectives: To train skills associated with executive functions in the elderly and to detect possible impact on objective EF tests and self-reports of functional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving an intervention and pre and post testing was carried out. Study participants included 26 seniors assigned to an experimental group (EG) and given six sessions of cognitive intervention, and 17 seniors assigned to a control group (CG) who completed pre and post testing only. All participants were enrolled in an Open University for the Third Age. The following tests were used to measure outcome: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Story subtest of the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) (versions A and B), semantic verbal fluency fruit category, and verbal fluency with phonological constraints (FAS), WAIS-III Digit Span, Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Trail Making Part A and the Pfeffer Functional Assessment Questionnaire (PFAQ). Delta scores were calculated (post-test score minus pretest score) to assess the impact of the intervention. Results: In the post test, the CG showed significant improvement on the RBMT Story recall and Digit Span but a decline in verbal fluency. The EG remained stable in terms of pre and post test scores. Conclusions: The intervention did not enhance performance on the EF tests. It is noteworthy that the EG received only a small number of sessions which may not have been sufficient to generate improvement. Alternatively, the lack of group differences observed could be associated to participation in other workshops offered at the university.
Life quality, depression and anxiety symptoms in chronic post-traumatic headache after mild brain injury
Authors: Martins Hugo André de Lima , Martins Bianca Bastos Mazullo , Ribas Valdenilson Ribeiro , Bernardino Silvya Nery , Oliveira Daniella Araújo de , Silva Louana Cassiano , Sougey Everton Botelho , Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is the most common symptom found in the post-traumatic syndrome, whose onset occurs within seven days of the trauma. The condition is characterized as acute when it persists for up to 3 months. PTH beyond this period is considered chronic. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical features of chronic post-traumatic headache (cPTH) and its association with depression, anxiety and quality of life. Methods: A total of 73 female subjects were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups: (a) group without headache, CONTROL, n=25; (b) cPTH group, n=19; and (c) MIGRAINE, n=29, with all subjects in the 11-84 year age group. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Beck inventories of anxiety and depression, and quality of life assessed by the Lipp and Rocha quality of life inventory. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and expressed as percentages whereas quantitative variables were analyzed by ANOVA, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests with data expressed as mean±standard deviation, p<0.05. Results: Subjects with cPTH presented with headache manifesting similar features to those found in migraine. The cPTH group was associated with similar levels of anxiety and depression to the migraine group and higher than the CONTROL (p<0.001). Quality of life of individuals with cPTH was similar to that of subjects with migraine and lower than CONTROL subjects (p<0.05). Conclusions: cPTH presents similar clinical characteristics to migraine. Subjects with cPTH had high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and reduced quality of life.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: a case report
Authors: Listik Clarice , Machado-Porto Gislaine Cristina Lopes , Oliveira Maira Okada de , Porto Fábio Henrique de Gobbi
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration is an underdiagnosed neurologic syndrome characterized by parkinsonism, ataxia or other movement disorders and by neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. It occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, especially those who develop portosystemic shunting and is often unrecognized as a cause of cognitive decline. Recently, its pathogenesis has been associated with manganese accumulation in basal ganglia and some treatments proposed. The aim of this article was to report a case and discuss some discoveries in connection with the disease.
Frontotemporal dementia and neurocysticercosis: a case report
Authors: Satler Corina , Maestro Elza Santos , Tomaz Carlos
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and a history of neurocysticercosis. After her retirement she showed progressive behavioral changes and neuropsychiatric symptoms with relative preservation of cognitive functioning. During the next three years, the patient manifested progressive deterioration of verbal communication gradually evolving to mutism, a hallmark of cases of progressive nonfluent aphasia.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Cancer Patients in Eastern China
Authors: Tian Li , Lin Lu , Li Hui L. , Chen Ke J. , Zhang Xiao J. , Qian Shu J. , Hu Yan
Published: July 2016

Background.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a subjective and distressing symptom, and its associated factors in developing countries remain ambiguous. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with CRF among cancer patients in China.

Methods.

This study was designed as a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with CRF among cancer patients in eastern China, regardless of their diagnoses. Data were collected by using a questionnaire survey (including demographic information and brief fatigue inventory) after informed written consent was obtained. A chi-square test was used to analyze the correlations between single categorical factors and CRF, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of potential risk factors with the presence of CRF.

Results.

Out of a total population of 1,938 cancer patients, 1,749 had completed the study questionnaire; 52.07% (n = 904) reported clinically significant fatigue (score ≥4 on Brief Fatigue Inventory). Four hundred twenty-seven (48.47%) patients younger than age 58 years (the median age) and 475 (55.69%) patients age 58 years or older reported clinically significant fatigue. In multivariate analysis, higher sleep quality (p < .01) was negatively associated with CRF, whereas never engaging in physical exercise (p < .01) and higher clinical stage of cancer (p < .01) were positively associated factors that could increase the odds of CRF.

Conclusion.

The results of this study suggest that effective management of the two changeable contributing factors of CRF may reduce CRF and thus could be used as references for CRF management.
Recommendations for the Prophylactic Management of Skin Reactions Induced by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Deplanque Gaël , Komatsu Yoshito , Kobayashi Yoshimitsu , Ocvirk Janja , Racca Patrizia , Guenther Silke , Zhang Jun , Lacouture Mario E. , Jatoi Aminah
Published: July 2016

Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an established treatment that extends patient survival across a variety of tumor types. EGFR inhibitors fall into two main categories: anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, and first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as afatinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib. Skin reactions are the most common EGFR inhibitor-attributable adverse event, resulting in papulopustular (acneiform) eruptions that can be painful and debilitating, and which may potentially have a negative impact on patients’ quality of life and social functioning, as well as a negative impact on treatment duration. Shortened treatment duration can, in turn, compromise antineoplastic efficacy. Similarly, appropriate management of skin reactions is dependent on their accurate grading; however, conventional means for grading skin reactions are inadequate, particularly within the context of clinical trials. Treating a skin reaction only once it occurs (reactive treatment strategies) may not be the most effective management approach; instead, prophylactic approaches may be preferable. Indeed, we support the viewpoint that prophylactic management of skin reactions should be recommended for all patients treated with EGFR inhibitors. Appropriate prophylactic management could effectively reduce the severity of skin reactions in patients treated with EGFR inhibitors and therefore has the potential to directly benefit patients and improve drug adherence. Accordingly, here we review published and still-emerging data, and provide practical and evidence-based recommendations and algorithms regarding the optimal prophylactic management of EGFR inhibitor-attributable skin reactions.
Early Palliative Care and Its Role in Oncology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hannon Breffni , Swami Nadia , Pope Ashley , Leighl Natasha , Rodin Gary , Krzyzanowska Monika , Zimmermann Camilla
Published: July 2016

Introduction.

Early integration of palliative care alongside oncology is being increasingly recommended, although the strategies and models for integration remain poorly defined. We solicited the opinions of patients and caregivers who participated in a randomized trial of early palliative care versus standard oncology care, regarding the respective roles of their oncologist (both groups) and palliative care physician (early palliative care group).

Materials and Methods.

The study was performed at a comprehensive cancer center. Forty-eight patients (26 intervention, 22 control) and 23 caregivers (14 intervention, 9 control) were recruited purposefully at trial end. One-on-one, semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed using grounded theory.

Results.

The themes resulting from the analysis fell into three categories: the focus of care, the model of care delivery, and the complementarity between teams. The focus of care in oncology was perceived to be disease-centered, with emphasis on controlling disease, directing cancer treatment, and increasing survival; palliative care was perceived to be more holistic and person-focused, with an emphasis on symptom management. Oncology visits were seen as following a structured, physician-led, time-constrained model in contrast to the more fluid, patient-led, flexible model experienced in the palliative care clinic. No differences were found in the descriptions of oncology between participants in the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group explicitly described the roles of their oncologist and their palliative care physician as distinct and complementary.

Conclusion.

Participants perceived the respective roles of their oncologist and palliative care physician as discrete, important, and complementary for the provision of excellent cancer care.
Stress Response Gene Nupr1 Alleviates Cyclosporin A Nephrotoxicity In Vivo
Authors: Galichon Pierre , Bataille Aurélien , Vandermeersch Sophie , Wetzstein Morgane , Xu-Dubois Yi-Chun , Legouis David , Hertig Alexandre , Buob David , Placier Sandrine , Bigé Naïke , Lefevre Guillaume , Jouanneau Chantal , Martin Caroline , Iovanna Juan Lucio , Rondeau Eric
Published: July 2016

Acute tubular damage is a major cause of renal failure, especially at the early phase of kidney transplant when ischemia-reperfusion injury and cyclosporin A toxicity may coexist. The mechanisms of the latter are largely unknown. Using an mRNA microarray on microdissected tubules from a rat model of cyclosporin A toxicity to describe the related epithelial-specific transcriptional signaturein vivo, we found that cyclosporin A induces pathways dependent on the transcription factor ATF4 and identified nuclear protein transcriptional regulator 1 (Nupr1), a stress response gene induced by ATF4, as the gene most strongly upregulated. Upon cyclosporin A treatment,Nupr1-deficient mice exhibited worse renal tubular lesions than wild-type mice. In primary cultures treated with cyclosporin A, renal tubular cells isolated fromNupr1-deficient mice exhibited more apoptosis and ATP depletion than cells from wild-type mice. Furthermore, cyclosporin A decreased protein synthesis and abolished proliferation in wild-type tubular cells, but only reduced proliferation inNupr1-deficient cells. Compared with controls, mouse models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, urinary obstruction, and hypertension exhibited upregulated expression of renal NUPR1, and cyclosporin A inducedNupr1expression in cultured human tubular epithelial cells. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of NUPR1 in the nuclei of renal proximal tubules of injured human kidney allografts, but not in those of stable allografts. Taken together, these results suggest that epithelial expression of NUPR1 has a protective role in response to injury after renal transplant and, presumably, in other forms of acute tubular damage.
Meaning and Purpose in the Occupations of Gang Involved Young Men in Cape Town.
Authors: Wegner Lisa , Behardien Ayesha , Loubser Cleo , Ryklief Widaad , Smith Desiree
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Involvement in gangs negatively influences the lives of many young men living in Cape Town, South Africa. There is a need to better understand young men's motives and reasons for belonging to gangs as efforts to reduce gang involvement have shown little success.Â Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the meaning and purpose of engaging in occupations related to being a gang member, and the influence on other occupations. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants who were purposively selected from a Special Youth Care Centre in Cape Town.Findings: Five themes emerged: Why am I where I am?; To strengthen the camp; Attraction to gangs; It's difficult but it's life; and Threshold to manhood. The participants' involvement in gangs meant social support, material resources including drugs and money, independence, thrills and excitement. The purpose of engaging in gang-related occupations was to strengthen the gang, gain belonging, prove manhood and for survival. However, gang-involvement deprived participants from engaging in other occupations and roles including schooling, leisure activities and relationships with mothers and girlfriends.Conclusions: Understanding gang-related occupations assists occupational therapists to plan relevant programmes to support young men's disengagement from gangs and reintegration into the community in pro-social ways.Â Â Keywords: gang-involved young men, occupations, meaning, purpose.
Practice-based evidence: evaluating the quality of occupational therapy patient records as evidence for practice
Authors: Buchanan Helen , Jelsma Jennifer , Siegfried Nandi
Published: July 2016

Background:Occupational therapy patient records are required for legal purposes, but may also be used to produce evidence for practice. Our aim was to establish how comprehensively occupational therapists documented patient records.Methodology:We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of occupational therapists at public health facilities in a South African province. Trained raters audited five randomly-drawn records per participant using a checklist developed for the study. The maximum possible score was nine and the lowest was zero. Audits were checked for consistency.Results:Forty-nine occupational therapists participated and 240 records were audited. Records contained information on intervention (96%) and changes occurring at impairment (82%) and activity and participation levels (64%). Documentation of baseline assessment (impairment level: 20%; activity and participation level: 10.4%) and re-assessment (impairment level: 7%; activity and participation level: 0.0%) was limited. Audit scores were significantly better in the work practice area (H=16.10, p=0.003) and among therapists in urban areas (U=24.50, p<0.001).There was a significant negative correlation between audit score and number of clients seen per month (rs=-0.46, p<0.001).Conclusion:The low audit scores suggest that the records did not contain sufficient information to produce robust evidence. Manageable ways of documenting occupational therapy practice need to be devised.Key words: audit, documentation, evidence-based practice, occupational therapy, patient records, practice-based evidence, quality of records
Medykalizacja wyglądu – nowy wymiar zdrowego ciała
Authors: Wieczorkowska Magdalena
Published: July 2016

Proces medykalizacji jest nierozerwalnie związany z ludzkim ciałem. Współcześnie jednak odznacza się on dużą ekspansywnością, zawłaszczającą kolejne obszary ludzkiego życia. Medykalizacja dotyczy dwóch kategorii wydarzeń: 1) w ścisłym znaczeniu medycznym chodzi o przemiany, zachodzące w ludzkim życiu w procesie choroby (hospitalizacja, przyjmowanie leków, rehabilitacja itp.; ważne i godne podkreślenia jest obiektywne istnienie choroby; 2) w szerokim znaczeniu, nadanym przez socjologów medycyny, jest to proces zawłaszczania kolejnych obszarów ludzkiego życia pod jurysdykcję medycyny. Obszary te wcześniej traktowane były jako naturalne, normalne (nieśmiałość, ciąża) lub też znajdowały się pod jurysdykcją innych instytucji (rodzina, prawo). Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy szerokiego, socjologicznego ujęcia tego procesu. Jego celem jest ukazanie jednego z obszarów poddawanych obecnie medykalizacji, jakim jest ludzkie ciało, a dokładniej – wygląd (image). Artykuł ma pokazać, jak rozszerza się współcześnie obszar leczenia, co poddaje się kontroli medycyny i jak przekłada się to na życie prywatne i zawodowe oraz na zmianę w postrzeganiu i rozumienia kategorii „zdrowie” i „choroba”. Przywołane zostaną podejścia do ciała, wymiary i praktyki medykalizacji w odniesieniu do niego oraz przybliżone zostanie pojęcie lookismu.
NRP 7th Edition: Are You Prepared?
Authors: Zaichkin Jeanette , McCarney Linda , Weiner Gary
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The seventh edition of the American Academy of Pediatrics/American Heart Association Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) materials must be in use by January 1, 2017. As in previous editions, changes in resuscitation science are based on an international review and consensus of current resuscitation science. The seventh edition NRP materials also include enhancements to training materials aimed at improving the quality of NRP instruction and providing the opportunity for ongoing education. A standardized approach to instructor training, an online Instructor Toolkit, eSim cases, and a new learning management system are among the new resources.
Integrated Evaluation of Neonatal Hemodynamics, Part 2: Systematic Bedside Assessment
Authors: Elsayed Yasser N. , Fraser Debbie
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Intact hemodynamics results when there is adequate oxygen uptake by the respiratory system, normal cardiac output, sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, and intact autoregulatory mechanisms to maintain enough oxygenation for normal end-organ function. The current routine monitoring of cardiovascular dynamics in sick preterm and term infants has been based on incomplete evaluation and relies on nonspecific and sometimes misleading clinical markers such as blood pressure. A thorough understanding of perinatal and neonatal cardiovascular, respiratory, oxygen, and other specific end-organ physiology is also mandatory for proper targeted interpretation.
An Integrated Review of Intestinal Microbiota in the Very Premature Infant
Authors: Dollings Melissa C. , Brown Lisa
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background: The intestinal microbiota is important for optimal intestinal function and protection against infection. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota has been linked to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Objectives: To determine what is known about the intestinal microbiota of very premature infants. We describe the relationship of the intestinal microbiota to NEC and LOS and provide an overview of the effect of environmental factors.

Methods: A review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE from 2008 to 2015 to examine what is currently known about the intestinal microbiota of very premature infants.

Discussion: The intestinal bacteria are low in diversity and generally contain a predominance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Evidence suggests that these bacteria play a role in NEC as well as LOS through translocation. Environmental factors such as mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, and type of feeding may also contribute to the development of the intestinal microbiota.
NeoSeal to Prevent Nasal Injury in Preterm Infants Receiving Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Badr Lina Kurdahi , Zeineddine Mirvat Hasan , Abbas Hanan , Charafeddine Lama
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Purpose: To determine if a foam septum protector prevents nasal injury in preterm infants receiving nasal heated humidified oxygen.

Design: A retrospective before and after comparative design was used.

Sample: Medical records of 101 preterm infants receiving either nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) were reviewed; 50 were in the control group and 51 were in the intervention group that had the NeoSeal septum protector applied. The groups were not different in terms of gender, birth weight, gestational age, days intubated, or on days on NCPAP/NIPPV. Skin condition of nares was scored daily using the Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale (NSRAS).

Results: Infants who had the NeoSeal applied had significantly less nasal injuries, OR = 4.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–9.59; p = .01. The best predictors of nasal injury were gestational age and whether the NeoSeal was applied or not.
Systemic Corticosteroids for the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Picking the Right Drug for the Right Baby
Authors: Rostas Sara E. , McPherson Christopher
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a morbidity of prematurity with implications into adulthood on respiratory and neurologic health. Multiple risk factors contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia leading to examination of various strategies of prevention. Systemic corticosteroids are one prevention strategy with a large body of data, creating an ongoing controversy regarding the risks and benefits of therapy. Careful consideration of the available data along with the clinical characteristics of the individual infant is required before using this powerful therapy.
Design Methodology for an Energy Neutral Health Monitoring Wireless Sensor Node
Authors: Pokhara Ankur , Mishra Biswajit
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates an Energy Neutral System using Micro Energy Harvesters for a Health Monitoring Wireless Sensor Node (HM-WSN). We have implemented HM-WSN consisting of a solar cell energy harvester, a Power Management Unit (PMU) and the ucontroller, sensor and transmitter acting as load. A battery extender and a switching logic circuit for sensor node is designed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed system.

The HM-WSN senses body temperature with improvement in lifetime of coincell. The HM-WSN is built using commercially available off the shelf (COTS components and consumes 47.2uW for data being updated every 134s. It can be operated for approximately 1.32 years only on a coincell. Furthermore, the HM-WSN can be operated with solar energy at 200lux, achieving 96.36 years with a combination of a coincell with an additional

capacitor of 2.2mF. It attains 4.07 years to 16.87 years lifetime with the load capacitor varying from 1mF to 1.5mF at 350lux lighting condition. With the same ambient condition and a 2mF load capacitor, HM-WSN attains complete energy autonomy.
The Self-Action Leadership Model: A Qualitative, Nomological Expansion of Self-Leadership Theory Rooted in Action Research Theory
Authors: Jensen Jordan , Neck Christopher , Beaulieu Rodney
Published: July 2016

In 2015, the Self-Action Leadership Theory—a qualitative, nomological expansion of self-leadership theory rooted in atmospheric and astronomical metaphor aimed at expanding the personal freedom of individuals, organizations, and nations by bolstering the existential growth of individuals through a series of Maslow-esque stages of holistic, personal development. This article introduces an accompanying, practitioner-based Model of Self-Action Leadership (SAL) aimed at the implicit enhancement of a holistic range of administrative processes through explicit training, mentoring, and coaching in the model’s general and universally-applicable principles and practices. The SAL model produces an original construct of personal leadership practice that builds upon the extant self-leadership academic canon, which dates back to 1983 (Manz, 1983). It also provides an analogue to four of the five core processes of Project Management by positioning a self-action leader (an individual) as the ongoing “project” at hand. The SAL Model is rooted in action research and was developed through a variety of self-oriented, action research projects in conjunction with a comprehensive, qualitative, analytical autoethnographic study of a scholar’s life experiences.
An Implementation of Real-Time Phased Array Radar Fundamental Functions on DSP-Focused, High-Performance Embedded Computing Platform
Authors: Yu Xining , Zhang Yan , Patel Ankit , Zahrai Allan , Weber Mark
Published: July 2016

This paper investigates the feasibility of a backend design for real-time, multiple-channel processing digital phased array system, particularly for high-performance embedded computing platforms constructed of using general purpose digital signal processors. Frist, we obtained the lab-scale backend performance benchmark from simulating beamforming, pulse compression, and Doppler filtering based on MicroTCA chassis using Serial RapidIO protocol in backplane communication. Next, a field-scale demonstrator of a multifunctional phased array radar is emulated by using the similar configuration. Interestingly, the performance of a barebone design is compared to that of emerging tools that systematically take advantage of parallelism and multicore capabilities, including Open Computing Language.
Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, Genetic Factors, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Yu Edward , Rimm Eric , Qi Lu , Rexrode Kathryn , Albert Christine M. , Sun Qi , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Manson JoAnn E.
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To review the contributions of the Nurses’ Health Studies (NHSs) to the understanding of cardiovascular disease etiology in women.

Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications of the NHS and NHS II between 1976 and 2016.

Results. Diets low in trans fat, saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages and rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and sources of unsaturated fats are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Healthy lifestyle choices include smoking avoidance, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body mass index, and moderate alcohol consumption. Adherence to a combination of these healthy diet and lifestyle behaviors may prevent most vascular events. Studies also covered oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone therapy, shift work, sleep duration, psychosocial factors, and various biomarkers and genetic factors. Findings, such as the association of trans fat with cardiovascular disease, have helped shaped medical guidelines and government policies.

Conclusions. The NHS has provided compelling evidence that the majority of vascular events may be prevented by avoiding smoking, participating in regular physical activity, maintaining normal body mass index, and eating a healthy diet.
Breast Cancer Research in the Nurses’ Health Studies: Exposures Across the Life Course
Authors: Rice Megan S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. , Lenart Elizabeth B. , Willett Walter C. , Tamimi Rulla M.
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses’ Heath Study (NHS) and the NHS II in identifying risk and protective factors for breast cancer incidence and survival.

Methods. We conducted a narrative review of NHS and NHS II articles on breast cancer incidence and survival published from 1976 to 2016, with a focus on exogenous and endogenous hormones; lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, and aspirin use; intermediate markers of risk; and genetic factors.

Results. With the investigation of individual risk factors, as well as their incorporation into risk prediction models, the NHS has contributed to the identification of ways in which women may reduce breast cancer risk, including limiting alcohol consumption, reducing the duration of postmenopausal estrogen-plus-progestin use, avoiding weight gain, and increasing vegetable consumption. In addition, the NHS has helped elucidate the roles of several biomarkers and contributed to the identification of risk alleles.

Conclusions. The NHS has contributed to our understanding of lifestyle, hormonal, and genetic risk factors for breast cancer, highlighting the importance of exposures across the life course, and has helped identify lifestyle changes that may reduce risk and improve survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer.
Contamination accidents in China's drinking water distribution networks: status and countermeasures
Authors: Xin Kun-lun , Tao Tao , Li Shuping , Yan Hexiang
Published: July 2016

In recent years, frequent urban drinking water contamination accidents have caused significant impacts on society in China. However, emergency measures are primarily realized as management policies lack systematic technologies especially for those within-network contamination accidents. The aim of this paper is to perform analysis on cases of contaminant accidents that occurred in water distribution networks and to propose a framework of emergency response technologies. The causes, impacts, and characteristic trends of urban water supply contamination accidents are analysed according to the data of eighteen typical contamination cases that have been publicly reported in China since 2003. The results show that the main problems for rapid response to those accidents are: (1) limited monitoring means; (2) lag in response, especially the lag in providing an explanation to the public; and (3) lag in recovery from the accident. To solve those problems, a framework of technological strategy for rapid response to contamination accidents including monitoring, identifying, evaluation, isolation and flushing is then proposed. Since drinking water contamination accidents are not a unique problem that only happens in China, the response policy and related technologies proposed in this paper are also applicable to other countries and regions that face the same problems.
Demand for domestic water from an innovative borehole system in rural Ghana: stated and revealed preference approaches
Authors: Amoah Anthony
Published: July 2016

This study investigates demand for domestic water supply from an innovative borehole system using the contingent valuation method (CVM). We further estimate demand for current service of domestic water supply in residences using the hedonic pricing method (HPM). This is achieved through a survey from rural districts of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Interval regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) are applied to investigate the determinants of willingness-to-pay (WTP). We find that monthly WTP values are GH¢35.90 (US$11.45) and GH¢17.59 (US$5.61) in the CVM and HPM, respectively. These values constitute approximately 3–6% of household monthly income which is consistent with earlier studies. For policy purposes, the study recommends the adoption of this cost effective technology to help ease the water burden on society.
Comparison of Urine Output among Patients Treated with More Intensive Versus Less Intensive RRT: Results from the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study
Authors: Mc Causland Finnian R. , Asafu-Adjei Josephine , Betensky Rebecca A. , Palevsky Paul M. , Waikar Sushrut S.
Published: July 2016

Background and objectives

Intensive RRT may have adverse effects that account for the absence of benefit observed in randomized trials of more intensive versus less intensive RRT. We wished to determine the association of more intensive RRT with changes in urine output as a marker of worsening residual renal function in critically ill patients with severe AKI.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Acute Renal Failure Trial Network Study (n=1124) was a multicenter trial that randomized critically ill patients requiring initiation of RRT to more intensive (hemodialysis or sustained low–efficiency dialysis six times per week or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 35 ml/kg per hour) versus less intensive (hemodialysis or sustained low–efficiency dialysis three times per week or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 20 ml/kg per hour) RRT. Mixed linear regression models were fit to estimate the association of RRT intensity with change in daily urine output in survivors through day 7 (n=871); Cox regression models were fit to determine the association of RRT intensity with time to ≥50% decline in urine output in all patients through day 28.

Results

Mean age of participants was 60±15 years old, 72% were men, and 30% were diabetic. In unadjusted models, among patients who survived ≥7 days, mean urine output was, on average, 31.7 ml/d higher (95% confidence interval, 8.2 to 55.2 ml/d) for the less intensive group compared with the more intensive group (P=0.01). More intensive RRT was associated with 29% greater unadjusted risk of decline in urine output of ≥50% (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.51).

Conclusions

More intensive versus less intensive RRT is associated with a greater reduction in urine output during the first 7 days of therapy and a greater risk of developing a decline in urine output of ≥50% in critically ill patients with severe AKI.
Drinking high-energy electrolytic water decreases internal radiation exposure caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant disaster
Authors: Sawajiri Masahiko , Miyamoto Shoichi , Yamanouchi Kohkoh , Wada Shoji , Srimawong Preeyaporn , Nomura Yuji , Uchida Takashi
Published: July 2016

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster on March 11, 2011, caused
radiation hazards throughout Fukushima Prefecture. Cesium was absorbed by
soil and plants and transferred to livestock. Removing radioactive cesium
from the bodies of farm animals and humans is essential. It has recently been
reported that H2 scavenges reactive oxygen species and suppresses oxidative
stress-related diseases. The hypothesis is that ?active hydrogen? (hydrogen
water) scavenges active oxygen species. We hypothesized that high-energy
electrolytic hydrogen water will effectively decontaminate cesium-exposed
chickens. A test group of chickens drank high-energy electrolytic hydrogen
water, while the control group drank regular water. Cesium contents in the
test group were significantly lower than in the controlled one, possibly
because more cesium excretion occurred in the test group than the control
group. Lower 137Cs concentrations were found in test-group tissues than in
control-group tissues, showing that high-energy electrolytic hydrogen water
increased the rate of elimination of 137Cs incorporated into chicken tissue.
HSP70 is Associated with the Severity of Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Yoon Joo-Heon , Kim Chang-Hoon
Published: July 2016

Background

Nasal secretions include cytokines and inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathogenesis of upper airway inflammation.

Objective

We tried to find unknown biomolecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

We collected nasal mucosal secretions from patients who were diagnosed as having CRS and who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. A total of 63 patients who underwent nasal secretion collection were reviewed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed by using nasal lavage samples to evaluate which biomolecules were associated with the severity of inflammation based on the Lund-Mackay score. By using human nasal epithelial cells, we performed Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the secretory mechanism of heat shock protein (HSP) 70.

Results

We found that the level of interleukin 8 and HSP70 were significantly associated with the Lund-Mackay score and interleukin 17C, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, and HSP27 were not significantly associated. HSP70 was also significantly associated with the surgical outcome of the enrolled patients. Furthermore, we found that exposure to hypoxia and treatment of lipoteichoic acid induced the secretion of HSP70 but that lipopolysaccharide did not induce the secretion of HSP70 in human nasal epithelial cells.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that HSP70 might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS and the possibility of HSP70 as a biomolecule that represents the severity of CRS.
Increased Expression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Allergic Nasal Mucosa, Contributing to Chemokine Secretion in Nasal Epithelium
Authors: Kim Ha Kyun , Kook Jin Ho , Kang Ka Ram , Oh Dong Ju , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag
Published: July 2016

Background

Pollutants produced by industrial and traffic-related activities have been linked to allergic responses. These noxious agents induce their effects through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).

Objective

We analyzed the expression and distribution pattern of AhR in normal and allergic nasal mucosa, and cytokine-driven regulation of its expression. The production levels of chemokine in cultured nasal epithelial cells were evaluated after stimulation with AhR ligand.

Methods

The expression levels and distribution pattern of AhR in normal, mild, and moderate-severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa were assessed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of AhR were determined in cultured nasal epithelial cells treated with T-helper 2 cytokines. In cultured epithelial cells stimulated with 2-(10H-indole-30-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, the expression levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, thymus and activation regulated chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, eotaxin, and interleukin 8 were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Expression of AhR was observed in normal and allergic nasal mucosa where it is distributed in the epithelial layer, submucosal glands, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Its expression levels are increased in allergic nasal mucosa and upregulated after stimulation with T-helper 2 cytokines. The stimulation with 2-(10H-indole-30-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester resulted in increased production of chemokines in cultured epithelial cells.

Conclusion

Analysis of the study results indicated that increased expression levels of AhR may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, which contributes to chemokine production in nasal mucosa.
Considerations in the Management of Giant Frontal Mucoceles with Significant Intracranial Extension: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stokken Janalee , Wali Eisha , Woodard Troy , Recinos Pablo F. , Sindwani Raj
Published: July 2016

Background

Giant frontal mucoceles, characterized by significant intracranial and/or intraorbital extension, can present with significant neurologic symptoms. Although typical mucoceles are managed endoscopically, giant mucoceles are often treated with an open or combined approach due to various concerns, including frontal lobe displacement, size, and rapid decompression of the intracranial component. The impact of significant intracranial extension on outcomes is not well described.

Objective

This review studied key neurologic considerations in the management of giant frontal sinus mucoceles and analyzed outcomes of different management strategies.

Methods

Systematic literature review by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results

Thirty-two articles, which represented 85 cases, met inclusion criteria. Neurologic symptoms on presentation ranged from headache (24.7%) and vision loss (12.9%) to extremity weakness (1.2%), frontal lobe syndrome (2.4%), and seizures (4.7%). Twenty-eight patients were treated endoscopically (34.1%), and 54 (65.9%) were treated with an external approach. Twenty-five of the open procedures included a craniotomy. Indications for the open approach included subdural empyema, enucleation, or large anterior table defects. Perioperative antibiotics were not consistently used. No perioperative seizures were reported with any approach. There were six cerebrospinal fluid leaks, all in the patients who underwent open procedures. The overall recurrence rate was 3.5%, with no recurrences reported in patients treated with an open approach. Follow-up ranged from 1 week to 8 years.

Conclusions

Giant frontal mucoceles often present with various neurologic symptoms. Both open and endoscopic techniques offer excellent results. Endoscopic management is effective and preferred, except in special circumstances. An interdisciplinary team approach should be used to optimize surgical planning.
A Comparison of Radiographic Evidence of Frontal Sinusitis in Middle-turbinate Sacrificing versus Middle-Turbinate Sparing Approaches to the Sella
Authors: Sowerby Leigh J. , Mann Sumeer , Starreveld Yves , Kotylak Trevor , Mechor Brad , Wright Erin D.
Published: July 2016

Background

Initial descriptions of endoscopic approaches to the sella and pituitary involved resecting the middle turbinate (MT) to help improve access and visualization. Modifications of these procedures to preserve the MT have since been described, one rationale being to reduce the incidence of frontal sinusitis. The objective of this study was to establish the incidence of postoperative frontal sinusitis in MT sparing (MTsp) and MT sacrificing (MTsc) approaches to the sella.

Objective

A retrospective cohort study that compared radiographic evidence of frontal rhinosinusitis or frontal recess obstruction after skull base surgery in patients who underwent MTsc and MTsp endonasal approaches to the sella.

Methods

Consecutive retrospective review of pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging from two institutions in geographic proximity but with different approaches to the sella. Mucosal thickening in the frontal sinus was measured and graded by a radiologist blinded to patient cohorts.

Results

Seventy-five patients, based on sample size calculations, were included at each site. Baseline demographics and indications for surgery were not significantly different between the groups. No difference was seen between the groups in the overall grade of radiographic frontal sinusitis seen on postoperative imaging. A total of 8 patients (10%) in the MTsc group had measured mucosal thickening, which was increased from their preoperative scan versus 15 in the MTsp group (20%) (p = 0.10). New mucosal thickening of >1 mm was found in three patients in the MTsc group and eight patients in the MTsp group (p = 0.21); the only patient with postoperative complete frontal sinus opacification was in the MTsp group.

Conclusions

The choice of MTsc versus MTsp in endonasal endoscopic approach to the sella does not seem to make a difference in the incidence of postoperative radiographic frontal sinusitis.