bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cargo–carrier interactions significantly contribute to micellar conformation and biodistribution
Authors: Press Adrian T , Ramoji Anuradha , vd Lühe Moritz , Rinkenauer Alexandra C , Hoff Jessica , Butans Marianne , Rössel Carsten , Pietsch Christian , Neugebauer Ute , Schacher Felix H , Bauer Michael
Published: October 2017

Strategies to deliver drugs using nanocarriers, which are passively or actively targeted to their alleged site of action might favorably affect benefit–risk profiles of novel therapeutics. Here we tested the hypothesis whether the physico-chemical properties of the cargo as well as the actual conditions during encapsulation interfere during formulation of nanoparticular cargo–carrier systems. On the basis of previous work, a versatile class of nanocarriers is polyether-based ABC triblock terpolymer micelles with diameters below 50 nm. Their tunable chemistry and size allows to systematically vary important parameters. We demonstrate in vivo differences in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution not only dependent on micellar net charge but also on the properties of encapsulated (model) drugs and their localization within the micelles. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo evidence we propose that depending on drug cargo and encapsulation conditions micelles with homogeneous or heterogeneous corona structure are formed, contributing to an altered pharmacokinetic profile as differences in cargo location occur. Thus, these interactions have to be considered when a carrier system is selected to achieve optimal delivery to a given tissue.
Modulation of telomere protection by the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Méndez-Pertuz Marinela , Martínez Paula , Blanco-Aparicio Carmen , Gómez-Casero Elena , Belen García Ana , Martínez-Torrecuadrada Jorge , Palafox Marta , Cortés Javier , Serra Violeta , Pastor Joaquin , Blasco Maria A.
Published: October 2017

Telomeres and the insulin/PI3K pathway are considered hallmarks of aging and cancer. Here, we describe a role for PI3K/AKT in the regulation of TRF1, an essential component of the shelterin complex. PI3K and AKT chemical inhibitors reduce TRF1 telomeric foci and lead to increased telomeric DNA damage and fragility. We identify the PI3Kα isoform as responsible for this TRF1 inhibition. TRF1 is phosphorylated at different residues by AKT and these modifications regulate TRF1 protein stability and TRF1 binding to telomeric DNA in vitro and are important for in vivo TRF1 telomere location and cell viability. Patient-derived breast cancer PDX mouse models that effectively respond to a PI3Kα specific inhibitor, BYL719, show decreased TRF1 levels and increased DNA damage. These findings functionally connect two of the major pathways for cancer and aging, telomeres and the PI3K pathway, and pinpoint PI3K and AKT as novel targets for chemical modulation of telomere protection.
Mammalian γ2 AMPK regulates intrinsic heart rate
Authors: Yavari Arash , Bellahcene Mohamed , Bucchi Annalisa , Sirenko Syevda , Pinter Katalin , Herring Neil , Jung Julia J. , Tarasov Kirill V. , Sharpe Emily J. , Wolfien Markus , Czibik Gabor , Steeples Violetta , Ghaffari Sahar , Nguyen Chinh , Stockenhuber Alexander , Clair Joshua R. St. , Rimmbach Christian , Okamoto Yosuke , Yang Dongmei , Wang Mingyi , Ziman Bruce D. , Moen Jack M. , Riordon Daniel R. , Ramirez Christopher , Paina Manuel , Lee Joonho , Zhang Jing , Ahmet Ismayil , Matt Michael G. , Tarasova Yelena S. , Baban Dilair , Sahgal Natasha , Lockstone Helen , Puliyadi Rathi , de Bono Joseph , Siggs Owen M. , Gomes John , Muskett Hannah , Maguire Mahon L. , Beglov Youlia , Kelly Matthew , dos Santos Pedro P. N. , Bright Nicola J. , Woods Angela , Gehmlich Katja , Isackson Henrik , Douglas Gillian , Ferguson David J. P. , Schneider Jürgen E. , Tinker Andrew , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Channon Keith M. , Cornall Richard J. , Sternick Eduardo B. , Paterson David J. , Redwood Charles S. , Carling David , Proenza Catherine , David Robert , Baruscotti Mirko , DiFrancesco Dario , Lakatta Edward G. , Watkins Hugh , Ashrafian Houman
Published: October 2017

AMPK is a conserved serine/threonine kinase whose activity maintains cellular energy homeostasis. Eukaryotic AMPK exists as αβγ complexes, whose regulatory γ subunit confers energy sensor function by binding adenine nucleotides. Humans bearing activating mutations in the γ2 subunit exhibit a phenotype including unexplained slowing of heart rate (bradycardia). Here, we show that γ2 AMPK activation downregulates fundamental sinoatrial cell pacemaker mechanisms to lower heart rate, including sarcolemmal hyperpolarization-activated current (If) and ryanodine receptor-derived diastolic local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ release. In contrast, loss of γ2 AMPK induces a reciprocal phenotype of increased heart rate, and prevents the adaptive intrinsic bradycardia of endurance training. Our results reveal that in mammals, for which heart rate is a key determinant of cardiac energy demand, AMPK functions in an organ-specific manner to maintain cardiac energy homeostasis and determines cardiac physiological adaptation to exercise by modulating intrinsic sinoatrial cell behavior.
Tracing the origin and evolution of supergene mimicry in butterflies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Westerman Erica , Nitzany Eyal , Palmer Stephanie , Kronforst Marcus R.
Published: October 2017

Supergene mimicry is a striking phenomenon but we know little about the evolution of this trait in any species. Here, by studying genomes of butterflies from a recent radiation in which supergene mimicry has been isolated to the gene doublesex, we show that sexually dimorphic mimicry and female-limited polymorphism are evolutionarily related as a result of ancient balancing selection combined with independent origins of similar morphs in different lineages and secondary loss of polymorphism in other lineages. Evolutionary loss of polymorphism appears to have resulted from an interaction between natural selection and genetic drift. Furthermore, molecular evolution of the supergene is dominated not by adaptive protein evolution or balancing selection, but by extensive hitchhiking of linked variants on the mimetic dsx haplotype that occurred at the origin of mimicry. Our results suggest that chance events have played important and possibly opposing roles throughout the history of this classic example of adaptation.
Advanced glycation end products promote VEGF expression and thus choroidal neovascularization via Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Huang Tonglie , Xu Wenqin , Sun Jiaxing , Lv Yang , Wang Yusheng
Published: October 2017

Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) causes severe vision loss among old patients, especially those with diabetes. Previously, Cyr61 has been found to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of both AMD and diabetes. In the present study, we found that increased CNV severity together with higher expression of Cyr61 and VEGF in diabetes mice compared with control mice. Moreover, knockdown of Cyr61 decreased CNV severity. In vitro mechanism study revealed that the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) significantly increased the expression of Cyr61 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, mimicking the effects of diabetes. In turn, the increased Cyr61 enhanced VEGF expression through FAK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Chemically blocking the above pathway significantly inhibited CNV formation, providing a new strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of CNV in related diseases.
Akap350 Recruits Eb1 to The Spindle Poles, Ensuring Proper Spindle Orientation and Lumen Formation in 3d Epithelial Cell Cultures
Authors: Almada Evangelina , Tonucci Facundo M. , Hidalgo Florencia , Ferretti Anabela , Ibarra Solange , Pariani Alejandro , Vena Rodrigo , Favre Cristián , Girardini Javier , Kierbel Arlinet , Larocca M. Cecilia
Published: October 2017

The organization of epithelial cells to form hollow organs with a single lumen requires the accurate three-dimensional arrangement of cell divisions. Mitotic spindle orientation is defined by signaling pathways that provide molecular links between specific spots at the cell cortex and astral microtubules, which have not been fully elucidated. AKAP350 is a centrosomal/Golgi scaffold protein, implicated in the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Using 3D epithelial cell cultures, we found that cells with decreased AKAP350 expression (AKAP350KD) formed polarized cysts with abnormal lumen morphology. Analysis of mitotic cells in AKAP350KD cysts indicated defective spindle alignment. We established that AKAP350 interacts with EB1, a microtubule associated protein that regulates spindle orientation, at the spindle poles. Decrease of AKAP350 expression lead to a significant reduction of EB1 levels at spindle poles and astral microtubules. Conversely, overexpression of EB1 rescued the defective spindle orientation induced by deficient AKAP350 expression. The specific delocalization of the AKAP350/EB1complex from the centrosome decreased EB1 levels at astral microtubules and lead to the formation of 3D-organotypic structures which resembled AKAP350KD cysts. We conclude that AKAP350 recruits EB1 to the spindle poles, ensuring EB1 presence at astral microtubules and proper spindle orientation during epithelial morphogenesis.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of new Entoloma rhodopolium-related species in Japan and its identification method using PCR-RFLP
Authors: Kondo Kazunari , Nakamura Kosuke , Ishigaki Takumi , Sakata Kozue , Obitsu Saemi , Noguchi Akio , Fukuda Nozomi , Nagasawa Eiji , Teshima Reiko , Nishimaki-Mogami Tomoko
Published: October 2017

Poisonous Entoloma rhodopolium and other similar species including edible E. sarcopum are morphologically diverse. People mistake poisonous species for edible species. Classification and the detection method of these species need to be defined. The morphological and phylogenetic studies have been reported in northern Europe. In Japan, the genetic study remains unsolved. Thus, phylogenetic analysis of E. rhodopolium was conducted using ITS and RPB2 sequences, and the result was compared with that of European species. Japanese E. rhodopolium was classified into three clades, none of which belonged to the true European E. rhodopolium and other known species. Three species were defined as new species. Entoloma rhodopolium clade-I (named E. lacus) was genetically close to but morphologically separated from E. majaloides. Clade-II (E. subrhodopolium) was classified to the same group as E. sinuatum and E. subsinuatum, but distinct from these species. Clade-III was segregated from known Entoloma species including E. lupinum, and named E. pseudorhodopolium. Based on the classification, a simple identification method PCR-RFLP was developed to discriminate between poisonous species and edible E. sarcopum, which is very similar in morphology. The study can help to clarify the taxonomy of complex E. rhodopolium-related species, and to prevent food poisoning.
Implementation of controlled quantum teleportation with an arbitrator for secure quantum channels via quantum dots inside optical cavities
Authors: Heo Jino , Hong Chang-Ho , Kang Min-Sung , Yang Hyeon , Yang Hyung-Jin , Hong Jong-Phil , Choi Seong-Gon
Published: October 2017

We propose a controlled quantum teleportation scheme to teleport an unknown state based on the interactions between flying photons and quantum dots (QDs) confined within single- and double-sided cavities. In our scheme, users (Alice and Bob) can teleport the unknown state through a secure entanglement channel under the control and distribution of an arbitrator (Trent). For construction of the entanglement channel, Trent utilizes the interactions between two photons and the QD-cavity system, which consists of a charged QD (negatively charged exciton) inside a single-sided cavity. Subsequently, Alice can teleport the unknown state of the electron spin in a QD inside a double-sided cavity to Bob’s electron spin in a QD inside a single-sided cavity assisted by the channel information from Trent. Furthermore, our scheme using QD-cavity systems is feasible with high fidelity, and can be experimentally realized with current technologies.
Diverse coordinate frames on sensorimotor areas in visuomotor transformation
Authors: Fujiwara Yusuke , Lee Jongho , Ishikawa Takahiro , Kakei Shinji , Izawa Jun
Published: October 2017

The visuomotor transformation during a goal-directed movement may involve a coordinate transformation from visual ‘extrinsic’ to muscle-like ‘intrinsic’ coordinate frames, which might be processed via a multilayer network architecture composed of neural basis functions. This theory suggests that the postural change during a goal-directed movement task alters activity patterns of the neurons in the intermediate layer of the visuomotor transformation that recieves both visual and proprioceptive inputs, and thus influence the multi-voxel pattern of the blood oxygenation level dependent signal. Using a recently developed multi-voxel pattern decoding method, we found extrinsic, intrinsic and intermediate coordinate frames along the visuomotor cortical pathways during a visuomotor control task. The presented results support the hypothesis that, in human, the extrinsic coordinate frame was transformed to the muscle-like frame over the dorsal pathway from the posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal premotor cortex to the primary motor cortex.
Introgressive replacement of natives by invading Arion pest slugs
Authors: Zemanova Miriam A. , Knop Eva , Heckel Gerald
Published: October 2017

Hybridization with invasive species is one of the major threats to the phenotypic and genetic persistence of native organisms worldwide.Arion vulgaris(syn.lusitanicus) is a major agricultural pest slug that successfully invaded many European countries in recent decades, but its impact on closely related native species remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the regional decline of nativeA. rufusis connected with the spread of invasiveA. vulgaris, and tested whether this can be linked to hybridization between the two species by analyzing 625Arionsp. along altitudinal transects in three regions in Switzerland. In each region, we observed clear evidence of different degrees of genetic admixture, suggesting recurrent hybridization beyond the first generation. We found spatial differences in admixture patterns that might reflect distinct invasion histories among the regions. Our analyses provide a landscape level perspective for the genetic interactions between invasive and native animals during the invasion. We predict that without specific management action,A. vulgariswill further expand its range, which might lead to local extinction ofA. rufusand other native slugs in the near future. Similar processes are likely occurring in other regions currently invaded byA. vulgaris.
Associated factors of acute primary angle closure glaucoma in a sub-group of Chinese people: comparison between attack eyes and normal controls
Authors: Liu Lifang , Liu Xinyu , Huang Chukai , Wang Geng , Ma Di , Zhang Wanqi , Zheng Ce , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: October 2017

Acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG) is an ophthalmic emergency that may lead to irreversible blindness. Although efforts were made to control intraocular pressure, disease progression still existed. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT) may provide a new insight into mechanism of APACG. In order to seek out associated factors by AS OCT, We compared anterior segment parameters between 74 APACG and 48 normal eyes. Analysis of variance, principle component analysis and logistic regression were used. APACG group had more women (75.7% vs 47.9%, p = 0.002), smaller anterior chamber (anterior chamber depth, ACD; anterior chamber area, ACA; all p = 0.001), narrower angle (AOD500, AOD750, angle opening distance at 500um and 750um; TISA500, TISA750, trabecular-iris space area at 500um and 750um; ARA500, ARA750, angle recess area at 500um and 750um; all p < 0.001), thinner iris (iris thickness at 750um, IT750; maximum of iris thickness, ITMAX; all p < 0.001), larger iris area (IA, p < 0.001) and lens vault (LV, p = 0.005). Principle component extracted were AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750, ARA500, ARA750, IA, PD (pupillary diameter), ACD, ACA and IT750. After adjusting for confounding factors, AOD750 (b = 12.40 ± 2.56, p < 0.001), IT750 (b = 10.50 ± 3.45, p = 0.002) and IA (b = −1.56 ± 0.77, p = 0.044) were significantly associated with occurrence of APACG.
Iron deposition in substantia nigra: abnormal iron metabolism, neuroinflammatory mechanism and clinical relevance
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Shen Hui-cong , Lian Teng-hong , Mao Lei , Tang Shou-xian , Sun Li , Huang Xi-yan , Guo Peng , Cao Chen-jie , Yu Shu-yang , Zuo Li-jun , Wang Xiao-Min , Chen Sheng-Di , Chan Piu , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2017

Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with multiple factors, including iron, which is demonstrated to deposit excessively in PD brains. We detected iron deposition by susceptibility weighted image (SWI) and measured the levels of iron metabolism-related proteins and inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of PD patients and control subjects. Clinical symptoms of PD were evaluated by series of rating scales. Relationships among above factors were analyzed. Results showed that corrected phase (CP) value of substantia nigra (SN) was significantly decreased in PD group compared to control group, hence, SN was the main region with excessive iron deposition. In PD group, ferritin was significantly elevated in CSF and reduced in serum compared to control group, and levels of ferritin in CSF and serum were both significantly and positively correlated with CP value of SN, thus, abnormal iron metabolism in central and peripheral systems was associated with iron deposition. CP value of SN in PD group was significantly and negatively correlated with interleukin-1β level in CSF, so interleukin-1β might be a neuroinflammatory factor produced by excessive iron in SN. Iron deposition in SN was significantly correlated with motor symptoms and part of non-motor symptoms of PD.
In vivo measurement of regional corneal tangent modulus
Authors: Hon Ying , Chen Guo-Zhen , Lu Shu-Hao , Lam David CC , Lam Andrew KC
Published: October 2017

Currently available clinical devices are unable to measure corneal biomechanics other than at the central region. Corneal stiffness (S), thickness, and radius of curvature was measured at the central cornea (primary fixation) and 3 mm from the temporal limbus (primary and nasal fixations). The corneal tangent modulus (E) of 25 healthy subjects was calculated from these data. After confirming normality, repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) revealed significant difference in S (F(2, 48) = 21.36, p < 0.001) at different corneal regions and direction of fixations. E also varied significantly at different corneal regions and direction of fixations (RMANOVA: F(2, 48) = 23.06, p < 0.001). A higher S and a lower E were observed at the temporal region compared with the corneal centre. Nasal fixation further increased S and E values compared with primary fixation. Due to the specific arrangement of corneal collagen fibrils, heterogeneity of corneal biomechanical properties is expected. In future clinical practice, localized corneal biomechanical alternation and measurement might assist corneal disease detection and post-surgery management. In addition, practitioners should be aware of the fixation effect on corneal biomechanical measurement.
Attenuation of temporal correlations of neuronal oscillations in patients with mild spastic diplegia
Authors: Gao Fei , Wu Xiangci , Feng Yi , Jia Huibin
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal correlations of neuronal oscillations in patients with mild spastic diplegia (MSD). Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 15 male adolescent and young adult patients with MSD and 15 healthy controls. We characterized the temporal correlations of neuronal oscillations, both on long temporal scale (i.e., >1 second) and short-to-intermediate temporal scale (i.e., <≈1 second) using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and an analysis of the life- and waiting-time statistics of oscillation bursts respectively. The DFA exponents at alpha and beta bands, the life-time biomarker of alpha oscillation, and the life- and waiting-time biomarkers of beta oscillation were significantly attenuated in the patients compared with controls. Moreover, altered scalp distributions of some temporal correlation measures were found at alpha and beta bands in these patients. All these findings suggest that MSD is associated with highly volatile neuronal states of alpha and beta oscillations on short-to-intermediate and much longer time scales, which may be related to cognitive dysfunction in patients with MSD.
Enhanced omnidirectional and weatherability of Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells with ZnO functional nanorod arrays
Authors: Lai Fang-I , Yang Jui-Fu , Liao Wei-Xiang , Kuo Shou-Yi
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the use of nanorods of different sizes, deposited from a chemical solution, as an antireflection layer in copper–zinc–tin selenide (CZTSe) solar cells. With the aid of the nanorods, the surface reflection of the CZTSe solar cells was reduced from 7.76% to 2.97%, and a cell efficiency of 14% was obtained as a result. Omni-directional anti-reflection was verified by the angle-dependent reflection measurements. The nanorod arrays also provided the CZTSe solar cells with a hydrophobic surface, allowing it to exhibit high resistance against humidity during weatherability tests. This shows that the surface passivation brought by the nanorod layer at the surface could effectively extend the lifetime of the CZTSe solar cells. The rate of efficiency decay of the CZTSe solar cells was reduced by 46.85% from that of the device without a nanorod array at the surface, indicating that this surface layer not only provided effective resistance against reflection at the device surface, but also served as a passivation layer and humidity-resistant surface-protection layer.
Metoprolol prevents chronic obstructive sleep apnea-induced atrial fibrillation by inhibiting structural, sympathetic nervous and metabolic remodeling of the atria
Authors: Sun Li , Yan Sen , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Shiqi , Li Hui , Wang Yike , Lu Shuang , Dong Xinwen , Zhao Jing , Yu Shengzhu , Li Minghui , Li Yue
Published: October 2017

Chronic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may promote the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) by inducing atrial electrical and structural remodeling as well as autonomic nerve hyperinnervation. Here, we investigated the roles of metoprolol in regulation of atrial remodeling induced by chronic OSA. A canine model of chronic OSA was established by stopping the ventilator and closing the airway for 4 h/day every other day for 12 weeks, while metoprolol (5 mg·kg-1·day-1) was continuously administered. Using that model, we observed that increases in sympathetic sprouting and atrial structural remodeling were sharply inhibited by metoprolol. Moreover, metoprolol dramatically inhibited the impairment of atrial energy metabolism by activating the Sirt1-AMPK pathway. In vitro, metoprolol significantly activated the Sirt1-AMPK pathway in intermittent hypoxic and isoproterenol-treated HL-1 cells, and the effect was abolished by the coadministration of EX-527, an inhibitor of Sirt1 activation. In summary, metoprolol protects against chronic OSA-induced atrial remodeling. Our results suggest a new and feasible treatment strategy for AF induced by OSA.
Shape representation modulating the effect of motion on visual search performance
Authors: Yang Lindong , Yu Ruifeng , Lin Xuelian , Liu Na
Published: October 2017

The effect of motion on visual search has been extensively investigated, but that of uniform linear motion of display on search performance for tasks with different target–distractor shape representations has been rarely explored. The present study conducted three visual search experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants finished two search tasks that differed in target–distractor shape representations under static and dynamic conditions. Two tasks with clear and blurred stimuli were performed in Experiment 3. The experiments revealed that target–distractor shape representation modulated the effect of motion on visual search performance. For tasks with low target–distractor shape similarity, motion negatively affected search performance, which was consistent with previous studies. However, for tasks with high target–distractor shape similarity, if the target differed from distractors in that a gap with a linear contour was added to the target, and the corresponding part of distractors had a curved contour, motion positively influenced search performance. Motion blur contributed to the performance enhancement under dynamic conditions. The findings are useful for understanding the influence of target–distractor shape representation on dynamic visual search performance when display had uniform linear motion.
Pharmacologically induced reversible hypometabolic state mitigates radiation induced lethality in mice
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Indracanti Namita , Joshi Jayadev , Ray Jharna , Indraganti Prem Kumar
Published: October 2017

Therapeutic hypothermia has proven benefits in critical care of a number of diseased states, where inflammation and oxidative stress are the key players. Here, we report that adenosine monophosphate (AMP) triggered hypometabolic state (HMS), 1–3 hours after lethal total body irradiation (TBI) for a duration of 6 hours, rescue mice from radiation-induced lethality and this effect is mediated by the persistent hypothermia. Studies with caffeine and 6N-cyclohexyladenosine, a non-selective antagonist and a selective agonist of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) respectively, indicated the involvement of adenosine receptor (AR) signaling. Intracerebroventricular injection of AMP also suggested possible involvement of central activation of AR signaling. AMP, induced HMS in a strain and age independent fashion and did not affect the behavioural and reproductive capacities. AMP induced HMS, mitigated radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage and loss of HSPCs. The increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels and a shift towards anti-inflammatory milieu during the first 3–4 hours seems to be responsible for the augmented survival of HSPCs. The syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) studies further supported the role of radiation-induced inflammation in loss of bone marrow cellularity after TBI. We also showed that the clinically plausible mild hypothermia effectively mitigates TBI induced lethality in mice.
Encapsulation of cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries with a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope: DHP-graphene
Authors: Cai Yingxiang , Guo Yuqing , Jiang Bo , Lv Yanan
Published: October 2017

Sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries still suffer from their low electronic conductivity, undesired dissolution of lithium polysulfide (Li2S
n
, 3 ≤ n ≤ 8) species into the electrolyte, and large degree volume change during the cycle. To overcome these problems, an effective encapsulation for the sulfur cathode is necessary. By means of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and density functional theory (DFT), we have predicted a stable metallic two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon allotrope (DHP-graphene). This carbon sheet can prevent S atoms from cathode entering electrolyte. However, Li-ions can shuttle freely due to the increasing difference in Li-ions concentration between electrolyte and cathode along with the potential difference between cathode and anode during charge-discharge cycles. In addition, versatile electronic band structures and linear dispersion are found in DHP-graphene nanoribbons but only metallic band structure occurs for DHP-graphene nanotubes.
SlPIN1 regulates auxin efflux to affect flower abscission process
Authors: Shi Zihang , Jiang Yun , Han Xinqi , Liu Xin , Cao Ruishu , Qi Mingfang , Xu Tao , Li Tianlai
Published: October 2017

Solanum lycopersicum PIN-FORMED1 (SlPIN1), a major auxin efflux facilitator, contributes to the establishment of auxin maxima during organ initiation and development in tomato. However, the functions of SlPIN1 during organ abscission remain unclear. In our study, SlPIN1 expression decreased immediately after flower removal and increased following IAA treatment, indicating a high sensitivity to auxin depletion. 1-MCP (an ethylene inhibitor) delayed abscission and down-regulated SlPIN1, indicating that ethylene may positively regulate SlPIN1 and that low expression levels of SlPIN1 may delay abscission. The SlPIN1 protein levels were not consistent with the expression pattern, implying that in addition to transcription, protein degradation also affects SlPIN1 levels during abscission. The phosphorylation of SlPIN1 at Ser418, which significantly declined during abscission, was found to play roles in SlPIN1 localization and auxin transport. We also identified the interaction proteins of SlPIN1, which were involved in phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Therefore, complex mechanisms mediate SlPIN1 auxin transport capability during abscission. The silencing of SlPIN1 expression accelerated abscission by increasing auxin accumulation in the ovary and decreasing the auxin content in the abscission zone (AZ), indicating that SlPIN1 plays a major role in mediating auxin source-sink transport and the establishment and maintenance of auxin maxima in the AZ.
Multi-Sensory Integration Impairment in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Seo Kyoungwon , Jun Dae Won , Kim Jae-kwan , Ryu Hokyoung
Published: October 2017

Paper-and-pencil-based psychometric tests are the gold standard for diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in liver disease. However, they take time, can be affected by demographic factors, and lack ecological validity. This study explored multi-sensory integration ability to discriminate cognitive dysfunction in cirrhosis. Thirty-two healthy controls and 30 cirrhotic patients were recruited. The sensory integration test presents stimuli from two different modalities (e.g., image/sound) with a short time lag, and subjects judge which stimuli appeared first. Repetitive tests reveal the sensory integration capability. Performance in the sensory integration test, psychometric tests, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy for patients was compared to controls. Sensory integration capability, the perceptual threshold to discriminate the time gap between an image and sound stimulus, was significantly impaired in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) compared to controls (p < 0.01) and non-MHE patients (p < 0.01). Sensory integration test showed good correlation with psychometric tests (NCT-A, r = 0.383, p = 0.002; NCT-B, r = 0.450, p < 0.01; DST-F, r = −0.322, p = 0.011; DST- B, r = −0.384, p = 0.002; ACPT, r = −0.467, p < 0.01). Psychometric tests were dependent on age and education level, while the sensory integration test was not affected. The sensory integration test, where a cut-off value for the perceptual threshold was 133.3ms, recognized MHE patients at 90% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity.
STAT3 mediates C6-ceramide-induced cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Doshi Ushma A , Shaw Jeremy , Fox Todd E , Claxton David F , Loughran Thomas P , Kester Mark
Published: October 2017

The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is poorly understood and it remains incurable with current therapies. We have previously shown that nanoliposomal C6-ceramide (CNL) is an effective therapy in an in vivo murine model of CLL. However, the key signaling pathways mediating CNL-induced cell death in CLL remains unknown. We hypothesized that CNL targets STAT3, a critical regulator of hematopoietic biology. We observed that CNL treatment reduced phosphorylated STAT3 at both Y705 and S727 residues in CLL cell lines and patient cells. This, in turn, reduced STAT3 transcriptional activity and expression of critical STAT3-dependent survival factors like Mcl-1 and survivin. The effect of CNL on STAT3 was further confirmed ex vivo as shown by reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in xenograft tumors obtained from mice treated with CNL. CNL suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 and S727 through reduction in BTK activity and MEK1/2 kinase/PKC activities, respectively. Moreover, a synergistic reduction in CLL cell viability was observed on co-treatment with CNL and the BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib. Expression of an oncogenic form of STAT3 conferred partial resistance to CNL, providing confirmation that STAT3 mediates CNL-induced cell death. Taken together, these findings provide the first body of evidence demonstrating ceramide regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. These results are also the first to demonstrate an effect of ceramide on BTK, a critical kinase mediating the B-cell receptor signaling in CLL cells and suggest a novel and synergistic combination of CNL and BTK inhibitors for CLL treatment.
A one-step method to fabricate novel three-dimensional GaP nanopore arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Pengjie , Zheng Maojun , Li Qiang , Ma Liguo , Wang Faze , Jiang Dongkai , Song Jingnan , You Yuxiu , Ma Li , Shen Wenzhong
Published: October 2017

We present a facile one-step method to fabricate GaP nanopore arrays with novel 3D interior architectures for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
Self-assembly of (WO3)3 clusters on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface and nanowire formation: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Tang Xin , Bowen Kit H. , Calvo Florent
Published: October 2017

Formation of nanostructures from deposition of (WO3)3 clusters on HOPG and atomistic modeling of the assembly process of (WO3)3 clusters.
Structure at the air/water interface in the presence of phenol: a study using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kusaka Ryoji , Ishiyama Tatsuya , Nihonyanagi Satoshi , Morita Akihiro , Tahara Tahei
Published: October 2017

A simple, neutral organic molecule, phenol, forms a specific hydrogen-bonding structure with water at the air/water interface.
Potential of transition metal atoms embedded in buckled monolayer g-C3N4as single-atom catalysts
Authors: Li Shu-Long , Yin Hui , Kan Xiang , Gan Li-Yong , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Zhao Yong
Published: October 2017

We use first-principles calculations to systematically explore the potential of transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au) embedded in buckled monolayer g-C3N4as single-atom catalysts.
A theoretical study on the size-dependence of ground-state proton transfer in phenol–ammonia clusters
Authors: Shimizu Toshihiko , Hashimoto Kenro , Hada Masahiko , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Fujii Masaaki
Published: October 2017

Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the critical size of GSPT is n = 9, supporting the IR spectroscopic analysis.
Relative detection sensitivity in ultrafast spectroscopy: state lifetime and laser pulse duration effects
Authors: Kotsina Nikoleta , Townsend Dave
Published: October 2017

Excited state lifetime and laser pulse duration have important implications for effective relative detection sensitivity in time-resolved spectroscopy.
A dry molten globule-like intermediate during the base-induced unfolding of a multidomain protein
Authors: Acharya Nirbhik , Mishra Prajna , Jha Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2017

An early intermediate during the base-induced unfolding of a multidomain protein resembles a dry molten globule state in which the structure is expanded without core hydration.
A synergistic combination of local tight binding theory and second harmonic generation elucidating surface properties of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Nelson C. B. , Zubkov T. , Adair J. D. , Subir M.
Published: October 2017

A combined SHG and tight-binding calculation method reveals surface second-order optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Oxygen induced enhancement of NIR emission in brookite TiO2powders: comparison with rutile and anatase TiO2powders
Authors: Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Kamimura Sunao , Ohno Teruhisa , Yamakata Akira
Published: October 2017

Brookite TiO2shows visible and NIR emissions. Exposure to O2weakened the visible emission but enhanced the NIR emission.
Exploration of an easily synthesized fluorescent probe for detecting copper in aqueous samples
Authors: Sanmartín-Matalobos Jesús , García-Deibe Ana M. , Fondo Matilde , Zarepour-Jevinani Morteza , Domínguez-González M. Raquel , Bermejo-Barrera Pilar
Published: October 2017

Bonding behavior and spectral response studies of an easily synthesized fluorescent probe for the detection of Cu2+ ions and CuO NPs in aqueous samples.
Unveiling the relative stability and proton binding of non-classical Wells–Dawson isomers of [(NaF6)W18O54(OH)2]7− and [(SbO6)W18O54(OH)2]9−: a DFT study
Authors: Zhang Fu-Qiang , Gao Jin-Ping , Yan Li-Kai , Guan Wei , Yao Ru-Xin , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: October 2017

Different behaviors of two Wells–Dawson (WD) species and their proton inclusion energies were revealed by DFT calculations and verified by X-ray single crystal diffraction studies.
Non-innocence and mixed valency in tri- and tetranuclear ruthenium complexes of a heteroquinone bridging ligand
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Asif , Mandal Abhishek , Beyer Katharina , Paretzki Alexa , Schwederski Brigitte , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: October 2017

The potential of a heteroquinone to bridge up to four metal fragments has been structurally elucidated and multiple redox processes have been ascertained.
How small amounts of Ge modify the formation pathways and crystallization of kesterites
Authors: Giraldo S. , Saucedo E. , Neuschitzer M. , Oliva F. , Placidi M. , Alcobé X. , Izquierdo-Roca V. , Kim S. , Tampo H. , Shibata H. , Pérez-Rodríguez A. , Pistor P.
Published: October 2017

A fundamental analysis of the impact of Ge on the synthesis of Cu2ZnSnSe4:Ge by a sequential process is presented, reporting the consequences on the absorber morphology and solar cell devices performance.
Microwave assisted domino heck cyclization and alkynylation: synthesis of alkyne substituted dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Karu Ramesh , Gedu Satyanarayana
Published: October 2017

Microwave assisted domino intramolecular Heck and Sonogashira coupling for the efficient synthesis of alkyne substituted dihydrobenzofurans is presented.
Integrated platform for cell culture and dynamic quantification of cell secretion
Authors: Kaestli Alicia J. , Junkin Michael , Tay Savaş
Published: October 2017

We present an automated platform that integrates antibody patterning, dynamic cell culture, and secretion detection all in the same device.
A disposable microfluidic device with a reusable magnetophoretic functional substrate for isolation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Cho Hyungseok , Kim Jinho , Jeon Chang-Wan , Han Ki-Ho
Published: October 2017

We describe an assembly-disposable microfluidic device based on a silicone-coated release polymer thin film.
On the toxicity and transport mechanisms of cisplatin in kidney tissues in comparison to a gold-based cytotoxic agent
Authors: Spreckelmeyer Sarah , Estrada-Ortiz Natalia , Prins Gerian G. H. , van der Zee Margot , Gammelgaard Bente , Stürup Stefan , de Graaf Inge A. M. , Groothuis Geny M. M. , Casini Angela
Published: October 2017

The toxic effects and accumulation mechanisms of cisplatin in healthy rat kidneys has been studiedex vivo, using the Precision Cut Tissue Slices (PCTS) method, in comparison to those exerted by an experimental cytotoxic Au(iii) compound.
A coumarin–chalcone hybrid used as a selective and sensitive colorimetric and turn-on fluorometric sensor for Cd2+ detection
Authors: Shaily Shaily , Kumar Ajay , Ahmed Naseem
Published: October 2017

A chalcone-based naked-eye colorimetric chemical sensor, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one 1a, was developed for selective and sensitive recognition of Cd2+ in mixed aqueous–organic media.
Synthesis of fluorescent polymeric carbon nitride quantum dots in molten salts for security inks
Authors: Wang Yaping , Wang Jianshe , Ma Panpan , Yao Hongchang , Zhang Lin , Li Zhongjun
Published: October 2017

Polymeric carbon nitride quantum dots were synthesized by a one-step salt melt method and used as a fluorescent security ink.
Preferential S/Se occupation in an anisotropic ReS2(1−x)Se2xmonolayer alloy
Authors: Wen Wen , Lin Junhao , Suenaga Kazu , Guo Yuzheng , Zhu Yiming , Hsu Hung-Pin , Xie Liming
Published: October 2017

Atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has revealed preferential occupation of Se atoms inside Re4 chains in low-symmetry ReS2(1−x)Se2xmonolayers.
Templated self-assembly of one-dimensional CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal superlattices
Authors: Pan Aizhao , Jurow Matthew , Zhao Yanrui , Qiu Fen , Liu Ya , Yang Juan , Urban Jeffrey J. , He Ling , Liu Yi
Published: October 2017

A simple kinetic approach to form self-assembled one-dimensional CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystal arrays templated inside a pod shaped inert PbSO4 scaffold.
Structural investigation of cyclo-dioxo maleimide cross-linkers for acid and serum stability
Authors: Tobaldi Elisabetta , Dovgan Igor , Mosser Michel , Becht Jean-Michel , Wagner Alain
Published: October 2017

The size of the acetal ring and the length of the carbon chain strongly influence the serum stability of cyclo-dioxo-based amino-to-thiol coupling reagents.
A pseudopericyclic [3,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a coumarin trichloroacetimidate derivative
Authors: Rajale Trideep , Sharma Shikha , Unruh Daniel K. , Stroud Daniel A. , Birney David M.
Published: October 2017

A Woodward–Hoffmann forbidden, eight-centered transition state leads to the sole product of a pentadienyl imidate rearrangement.
Copper(i)-catalyzed carbocyclization of acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes with diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yu , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: October 2017

We have developed a copper-catalyzed one-pot reaction to provide polycyclic benzazepine derivatives via acrylamide-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes with diaryliodonium salts.
Synthesis of a library of variously modified 4-methylumbelliferyl xylosides and a structure–activity study of human β4GalT7
Authors: Dahbi Samir , Jacquinet Jean-Claude , Bertin-Jung Isabelle , Robert Anne , Ramalanjaona Nick , Gulberti Sandrine , Fournel-Gigleux Sylvie , Lopin-Bon Chrystel
Published: October 2017

Various modified xylosides were prepared and tested as substrates/inhibitors of human β4GalT7, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans.
Nanoprodrug of retinoic acid-modified paclitaxel
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Yan Jingzhe , Sun Tingting , Wang Xin , Xie Zhigang
Published: October 2017

A nanoprodrug with high content (75%) and increased water solubility of paclitaxel was prepared from retinoic acid-modified paclitaxel.
Electron energy loss spectroscopy for polymers: a review
Authors: Pal Ruchi , Sikder Arun K. , Saito Kei , Funston Alison M. , Bellare Jayesh R.
Published: October 2017

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) allows imaging as well as extraction of spatially resolved chemical information and this review presents how EELS can be ap plied to polymeric systems.
Ferromagnetic iron oxide–cellulose nanocomposites prepared by ultrasonication
Authors: Rotaru Razvan , Savin Marcela , Tudorachi Nita , Peptu Cristian , Samoila Petrisor , Sacarescu Liviu , Harabagiu Valeria
Published: October 2017

Uniformly dispersed iron oxide–cellulose ferromagnetic nanocomposites were successfully obtained by ultrasonication, as a clean and energy-saving method.
Water-adaptive and repeatable self-healing polymers bearing bulky urea bonds
Authors: Park J. I. , Choe A. , Kim M. P. , Ko H. , Lee T. H. , Noh S. M. , Kim J. C. , Cheong I. W.
Published: October 2017

A crosslinked copolymer having a reversible covalent bond between a bulky amine and an isocyanate presents reshapable, repeatable, and water-adaptive self-healing properties.
New insights into evaluating catalyst activity and stability for oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media
Authors: Li Guangfu , Anderson Lawrence , Chen Yanan , Pan Mu , Abel Chuang Po-Ya
Published: October 2017

New insights into efficient oxygen evolution were obtained by developing robust evaluation protocols and understanding interfacial behaviors.
Self-assembly of single amino acid/pyrene conjugates with unique structure–morphology relationship
Authors: Nelli Srinivasa Rao , Chakravarthy Rajan Deepan , Xing Yue-Ming , Weng Jen-Po , Lin Hsin-Chieh
Published: October 2017

A blend of different Py-gelators with oppositely charged amino acids (Py–Glu and Py–Lys) displays unique nano-structural morphologies and gelation properties at physiological pH.
Interfacial rheological behaviors of inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin and alkanes
Authors: Wang Ce , Cao Xulong , Zhu Yangwen , Xu Zhicheng , Gong Qingtao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Lu , Zhao Sui
Published: October 2017

The transformation of cyclodextrins (CDs) and alkanes from separated monomers to inclusion complexes at the interface is illustrated by analyzing the evolution of interfacial tension along with the variation of interfacial area for an oscillating drop.
miR-6743-5p, as a direct upstream regulator of GRIM-19, enhances proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in glioma cells
Authors: Cao Fang , Zhang Qiang , Chen Wei , Zheng Feng , Ran Qishan , He Yang , Gao Yang , Yao Shengtao
Published: October 2017

Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) has been recognized as a tumor suppressor protein, which regulates cell growth, apoptosis, and migration by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and non-STAT3 pathway in glioma cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that regulated GRIM-19 expression in glioma cells. By the TargetScan algorithm, four miRNAs, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-3184-5p, and hsa-miR-6743-5p, were identified with the potential to bind with 3′-UTR of GRIM-19. Further miRNA inhibitor transfection and luciferase assays revealed that miR-6743-5p was able to directly target the 3′-UTR of GRIM-19. Additionally, miR-6743-5p expression was inversely related with GRIM-19 expression in glioma specimens and cell lines. Moreover, the inhibition of miR-6743-5p caused a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and a marked promotion of cell apoptosis in glioma cells, and this phenotype was rescued by GRIM-19 knockdown. Finally, the inhibition of miR-6743-5p expression suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3, and the mRNA expression of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, two target genes of STAT3, while miR-6743-5p mimic had the inversed effects. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitor AG490 partially rescued the proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptosis effects of miR-6743-5p overexpression or GRIM-19 knockdown. Collectively, miR-6743-5p may act as an oncomiRNA in glioma by targetting GRIM-19 and STAT3.
Roles of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Gong Qiaoyun , Su Guanfang
Published: October 2017

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults across the world. The pathogenesis of DR is multifactorial and the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may be aberrantly expressed and may play vital roles in the development of DR. Amongst ncRNAs, miRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are known for their regulatory functions. Here, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of known aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs in DR. Additionally, a novel lncRNA–mRNA–miRNA network is included in this review. We highlight original studies that provide detailed data about the mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs, their applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this review will help us gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs perform their functions in DR, and provide general strategies and directions for future research.