bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatores de risco cardiovascular e consumo alimentar em cadetes da Academia da Força Aérea Brasileira
Authors: Hilgenberg Fernanda Elisabete , Santos Annelisa Silva e Alves de Carvalho , Silveira Erika Aparecida , Cominetti Cristiane
Published: April 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular e inadequações de consumo alimentar em cadetes da Academia da Força Aérea Brasileira e a associação com sexo e ano de formação. Estudo transversal com 166 cadetes da Academia da Força Aérea Brasileira, em Pirassununga – SP, entre junho e dezembro de 2013. Foram avaliadas medidas antropométricas, parâmetros bioquímicos e clínicos, nível de atividade física, tabagismo e consumo alimentar. Testes de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher foram utilizados. A prevalência de excesso de peso (IMC >25,0 kg/m2) foi de 29,7% nos homens e de 16,7% nas mulheres. Hipertensão arterial foi prevalente em 15,2% dos homens. Verificou-se hipercolesterolemia em 50,7% dos cadetes; 24,3% apresentaram valores elevados de lipoproteína de baixa densidade e, 11,2%, lipoproteína de alta densidade baixa. Houve associação entre tempo de permanência na Academia e lipoproteína de alta densidade baixa. Observou-se consumo elevado de gorduras saturadas (87,2%) e de colesterol (42,7%). A ingestão inadequada de fibras foi verificada em 92,7% da amostra. Observou-se considerável prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular entre os cadetes, principalmente hipercolesterolemia e consumo alimentar inadequado.
Relações entre Desenvolvimento da Gratidão e Tipos de Valores em Jovens
Authors: Freitas Lia Beatriz de Lucca , Tudge Jonathan Richard Henry , Palhares Fernanda , Prestes Andressa Carvalho
Published: April 2016

Resumo Investigam-se relações entre o desenvolvimento da gratidão e tipos de valores. Trezentos e noventa e seis jovens de 7 a 14 anos responderam a Wishes and Gratitude Survey. Previu-se que, com o aumento da idade, haveria (a) uma diminuição de valores hedonistas; (b) uma diminuição de gratidão concreta e um aumento de gratidão conectiva. A terceira hipótese foi a de que seria mais provável que jovens com valores hedonistas expressassem gratidão concreta e aqueles com valores relacionados ao bem-estar de outros (BEO) expressassem gratidão conectiva. Para testar essas hipóteses, utilizou-se análise de regressão (estimativa de curva e regressão logística). Com o aumento da idade, os valores hedonistas e a gratidão concreta diminuíram; não se verificou aumento de gratidão conectiva. Valores hedonistas relacionaram-se positivamente à gratidão concreta. Todavia, valores BEO não se associaram à gratidão conectiva.
Habilidades Sociais, Comportamentos e Desempenho Acadêmico em Escolares antes e após Intervenção
Authors: Elias Luciana Carla dos Santos , Amaral Márcia Viana
Published: April 2016

Resumo Habilidades sociais (HS) são reconhecidas como fator de proteção no desenvolvimento humano. Objetivou-se avaliar HS, problemas de comportamento e desempenho acadêmico em crianças antes e após treino de HS. Participaram 54 crianças (27 grupo intervenção e 27 grupo comparação), matriculadas no 5° ano do ensino fundamental, junto à rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade do interior paulista e duas professoras. O treino foi conduzido pela professora de GI em sala de aula e durou quatro meses. Os participantes de GC não receberam intervenção. As crianças foram avaliadas quanto às HS, problemas de comportamento e desempenho acadêmico antes e após intervenção. Foram utilizados: Teste de Desempenho Escolar, Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais, formulário para professores e o Programa Posso Pensar, que objetiva desenvolver HS. As análises apontaram resultados superiores de GI em diferentes variáveis. O desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção de caráter universal indica possibilidades concretas de trabalho preventivo.
Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de búfalos ( Bubalus bubalis ) na Amazônia Oriental
Authors: Fontes Deiseane G. , Monteiro Maria Vivina B. , Jorge Ediene M. , Oliveira Carlos Magno C. , Ritter Rhuan A. , Barbosa Neto José Diomedes , Silva Filho Ednaldo da , Monteiro Frederico O.B.
Published: April 2016

Resumo: O hemograma e as dosagens bioquímicas são exames rotineiramente utilizados na avaliação da saúde dos animais domésticos, incluindo os búfalos. Na região Amazônica pesquisas nessa temática ainda são escassas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer intervalos de referência para hematologia e bioquímica sanguínea de Bubalus bubalis criados na Amazônia Oriental e avaliar os efeitos da idade e do sexo sobre os valores bioquímicos e hematológicos obtidos. Foram utilizados 73 animais da raça Murrah, divididos em três grupos, o grupo 1 (G1, n=22) com animais de dois a oito meses, grupo 2 (G2, n=23) com animais de nove a dois anos e o grupo 3 (G3, n=28) com animais com mais de dois anos. Os hemogramas e as análises bioquímicas foram realizados em equipamentos automatizados. Os intervalos de referência foram estabelecidos conforme as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Para avaliar o efeito do sexo e da idade foram utilizados os testes de Tukey, e Kruskal-Wallis, sendo as diferenças consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Houve influencia da idade sobre os valores de hemácias (He), hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), leucócitos, linfócitos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos, plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), índices hematimétricos (Volume Globular Média - VGM, Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média - HCM, e Coeficiente de variação eritrocitário - RDW) e relação neutrófilo:linfócito (N:L). O sexo influenciou o valor do VGM e do índice de amplitude de distribuição do tamanho da plaqueta (PDW) que foram maiores (P<0,05) nas fêmeas, enquanto o RDW foi maior nos machos. Na comparação dos parâmetros bioquímicos entre as faixas etárias, verificou-se que a idade influenciou a atividade das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) e as concentrações de creatinina, proteínas totais e bilirrubina direta. As concentrações de creatinina e bilirrubina direta foram significativamente maiores nos animais da maior faixa etária. O sexo influenciou a atividade da AST e a concentração de bilirrubina direta, que foram maiores (P<0.05) nos machos. Os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos estabelecidos podem ser utilizados como referência para búfalos criados na Amazônia Oriental.
Avaliação da pressão arterial sistêmica em cães obesos: comparação entre os métodos oscilométrico e doppler ultrassônico
Authors: Pereira-Neto Gláucia B. , Brunetto Márcio A. , Champion Tatiana , Ortiz Edna M.G. , Carciofi Aulus C. , Camacho Aparecido A.
Published: April 2016

Resumo: A obesidade é o problema nutricional que mais acomete os cães e pode causar vários efeitos deletérios a saúde animal. No entanto, o efeito desta condição sobre a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) em cães obesos é controverso. Os métodos indiretos de mensuração da PAS são os mais comumente utilizados na medicina veterinária para o diagnóstico da hipertensão sistêmica, por serem mais práticos e de fácil acesso. Não foram localizados na literatura estudos que tenham comparado os dois métodos para esta avaliação em cães obesos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a PAS em cães obesos, comparando os métodos indiretos de mensuração da pressão arterial, oscilométrico e doppler ultrassônico, a fim de verificar as diferenças nos valores obtidos, como também o método mais indicado para aferir a PAS em cães nesta condição. Foram avaliados 50 cães, incluindo 25 obesos com escore de condição corporal (ECC) médio de 8,42±0,50 e 25 cães com peso corporal ideal com ECC médio de 4,56±0,51. Os resultados revelaram valores superiores da PAS obtidos pelo método doppler (152±16mmHg) comparados ao oscilométrico (136±11mmHg). A análise de correspondência determinada por análise estatística multivariada demonstrou maior correspondência entre a condição corporal e o método de avaliação da PAS. Esses achados sugerem que o método indireto doppler pode aferir com mais precisão os valores de PAS em cães obesos.
O desenvolvimento embrionário da Piapara, Leporinus elongatus (Pisces, Anostomidae), utilizando técnicas de histologia, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e imunológicas empregando marcadores ósseos
Authors: Sousa Erika Z. , Jesus Lázaro W.O. , Meireles Wesley A. , Borella Maria I. , Bianchi Pedro K.F.C. , Salvadori Maria L.B. , Kfoury Júnior José R.
Published: April 2016

Resumo O desenvolvimento embrionário dos peixes é de grande importância para a piscicultura e na reintrodução de espécies ameaçadas de extinção em seus ambientes, e seu conhecimento constitui uma importante maneira para minimizar doenças e mortalidades dessas espécies. Com o auxílio de técnicas como a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e a imuno-histoquimica para identificar proteínas ósseas, foi possível avaliar as fases de desenvolvimento com mais riqueza de detalhes, facilitando a compreensão de hábitos e da biologia da espécie. Neste trabalho pudemos observar a ontogenia e osteogênese da Piapara (Leporinus elongatus), desde a fecundação até a fase juvenil, sendo evidenciadas estruturas importantes como o tamanho do vitelo, essencial para a nutrição do embrião; o fechamento do blastóporo, evento principal da embriogênese, que indica as taxas de fertilização; a metamorfose, que indica a formação dos primeiros e principais órgãos do animal e a formação de sua estrutura óssea. As Proteínas Ósseas Morfogenéticas (BMP-2 e BMP-4), moléculas essenciais reguladoras no desenvolvimento embrionário e na formação óssea, foram observadas apenas no estádio larval até o período juvenil, não sendo evidenciadas nos estágios anteriores. Os resultados desse trabalho trouxeram novas informações quanto à biologia do desenvolvimento dessa espécie, que certamente poderão auxiliar no aprimoramento de técnicas reprodutivas visando uma melhora na sua produção seja para fins comerciais ou de repovoamento.
Documento e fantasma em O Ateneu. Uma reflexão sobre a questão da influência
Authors: Ramos Maria Luiza
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: Este ensaio focaliza o nível fantasmático de O ateneu, de modo a mostrar que o romance de Raul Pompéia, antes de caracterizar-se pelo aspecto documental próprio do Naturalismo, representa extraordinário avanço no sentido de uma nova concepção de narrativa, que surgia na França a essa mesma época. ABSTRACT: This essay features the phantasmatic level of O ateneu, in an attempt to show that Raul Pompéia's novel constituted a majore step towards a new concept in narrative, which arose in France at about the same time, contrary to current claims that it typically illustrates Naturalism's documentary character.
Reflexões sobre a crítica e a mimese
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Claudio Vieira de
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: A crítica contemporânea, apesar de fundar-se sobre a crítica do platonismo e sobre a revisão do seu conceito de mimese, acaba por tornar-se guardiã de uma verdade, privilegiando certos tipos de literatura em detrimento de outros.RESÜMEE: Die zeitgenössische Kritik, obwohl sie sich in der Kritik des Platonismus und in der Revision seines Begriffes von Mimesis begründet, indem sie bestimmte Arten von Literatur anstelle von anderen privilegiert, wird sie Wächter einer Wahrheit.
Imagens, imaginários: Literatura e realidade cultural
Authors: Fonseca Maria Nazareth Soares
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo a leitura crítica dos romances Os passos perdidos, de Alejo Carpentier, A casa verde, de Vargas Llosa e Viva o povo brasileiro, de João Ubaldo Ribeiro, a partir da relação estabelecida entre literatura e imaginário social.RÉSUMÉ: Cet article a pour but la lecture des romans Os passos perdidos, de Alejo Carpentier, A casa verde, de Vargas Llosa et Viva o povo brasileiro, de João Ubaldo Ribeiro, à partir des rapports établis entre la littérature et 1'imaginaire social.
Jeitos do Brasil
Authors: Souza Eneida Maria De
Published: April 2016

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo interpretar a obra de Caetano Veloso no interior dos movimentos culturais surgidos nos anos 60 no Brasil e no mundo. A realização de um recorte analítico tem por base a escolha de temas ligados à idéia da construção de imagens de Brasil através de manifestações artísticas próprias da cultura de massa e à sua relação com a América Latina.RÉSUMÉ: Cet article a pour but l'interprétation de l'oeuvre de Caetano Veloso à l'intérieur des mouvements culturels qui ont eu lieu dans les années 60 au Brésil et dans le monde. La réalisation d'un approche analytique est basée dans le choix de thèmes lies à la construction d'images de Brésil par le biais de manifestations artistiques propres à la culture de masse et à son rapport avec l'Amérique Latine.
‘Reading and writing the world’ with mathematics in a Middle Eastern context
Authors: Tanko Mohammed Goma
Published: April 2016

Very little work has been published on teaching for social justice in the Middle East. This paper demonstrates how a group of Arab women’s reading and writing of their world was facilitated by using a social justice pedagogy based on Gutstein’s (2006) model. The study involved 20 Middle Eastern women (ages ranging from 16-36). The findings suggest that the students have developed significant abilities to use mathematics as a tool to read and write their world. In addition, the findings show that, like their counterparts elsewhere in the world, these young women are also interested in social justice issues. This is particularly significant because of current ongoing social developments in the Middle East.
Policy for the effective research university
Authors: Chusorn Prayuth , Bhoprathab Cheaztha , Chusorn Pornpimon , Chusorn Pramook , Kentekrom Yupawarat
Published: April 2016

Research for development policy for the Effective Research University case study of Khon Kaen University used the principle of policy research divided into three stages: 1) the synthesis document 2) Interviews of experts and 3) focus group discussion. Target groups include administrators, faculty member and university researchers. Research tools were documentary analysis questionnaires and the focus group form.  The analysis and interpreted data were performed by content analysis.Research findings As a leading research university with international quality and standards as importance goal which requires challenge strategies aimed to integrative change as follows,Preparing personnel together, determine the faculty strategies to support personnel and researchers, using a variety of research products, creative works develop into applied research and development research and create system and mechanisms of intellectual property to develop into commercial applications continuously. Establishing research fund to motivate faculty members researchers and graduate students for knowledge technologies to be utilized and satisfy the needs of local and nationally. Knowledge management of the experiences of a senior researcher ,support the teaching and learning process by using the study as a base by integrating research and teaching at both the subjects and courses including the use of research-based knowledge to manage the process of decision making, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and improvement work. Support for research and transfer research to the public focus on professional development and quality of life as well as the base for the development of networking and knowledge sharing. Awards & recognition / reward and honor researchers and research institution with outstanding performance in research and innovation to accelerate the strengthening of research integration, towards selfreliance build competitiveness and social guides.  Keywords: Research University,  challenge strategies
Determinants of word-of-mouth communication and purchase intention of trade offices in kish Island (Case of Mica Mall)
Authors: Mobasserian Arezou , Jafari Afsaneh
Published: April 2016

Word of mouth (WOM) is becoming recognized as an important form of promotion and an important source of information influencing consumer’s purchase behavior. The purpose is to survey the effect of WOM on touristcustomers’ decision for purchasing Trade Offices of Mica Mall in Kish Island. Data was collected through a field research among 145 customers who have invested in Mika Mall offices, and the data were analyzed using correlation and structural equation modeling. The survey period was from Jun 2 to Jun 29, 2015. A questionnaire was provided for theories test by researcher. The validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed consequently by experts and Cronbach's Alpha by SPSS software. SEM was used for hypotheses testing. Two findings have been concluded in this survey. First, tie strength, source expertise, and reference group are the main antecedents of WOM seeking behavior. Second, WOM seeking behavior is the main determinant of purchase intention of Mika Mall trade offices. Managers should develop the completely understanding of WOM and try to stimulate WOM about trade offices among potential customers, because most customers are influenced by information which achieved from informal resources.Keywords: word-of-mouth, expertise, reference group, tie stnegth, purchase intention, mica mall
The evaluation of transportation services for personnel provided as an outsourced way at a military hospital
Authors: Cihangiroglu Necmettin , Bakir Bilal
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE: In this study it was aimed to examine the quality of outsourcing transportation services provided for personnel at a military hospital in Turkey by using SERVQUAL method. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study from 7 to 29 August 2014 at a military hospital in Ankara.  One thousand questionnaires were distributed, 730 were received back, but 176 were excluded from analysis due to missing or false responses.   The rest of 554 questionnaires were analyzed by using   SPSS for Windows 18.0 package program. The SERVQUAL scale which was developed by Parasuraman et al. (1988) was the main scale in the study. The scale highlights the main components of high quality service as five factors - reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness - that create the acronym RATER. RESULTS: The majority of participants were women (56.4%), between 31-40 old years (47.2 %), and, up to 77.3% of them used transportation services every work day. It was found that the SERVQUAL instrument had a very high reliability. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was found between 0.86 and 0.91 for expected quality and between 0.74 and 0.91 for perceived quality. The expectations regarding empathy dimension was at the highest level and expectations regarding other dimensions were also at very high level and very close each other. It was determined also that empathy factor was the highest in negative direction among perceived quality mean scores. When the absolute differences between expected and perceived mean scores for the dimension of  tangibles  of the scale were compared for all age groups,  a significant result was found (p=0,021), and the difference for the age group of 51 and more was significantly lower than others. When the mean scores of perceived service quality of groups based on personnel’ status were compared, the significant results were obtained for three dimensions as tangibles, empathy, responsiveness and also total perceived service quality (<0.05). CONCLUSION: The absolute difference between expected and perceived mean scores regarding outsourcing personnel transportation services was found as negative (-). That means that the quality of service was perceived insufficient. Keywords: Outsorcing, Transportation services, hospital
Occupational stress of the nonmedical personnel at a training hospital
Authors: Cihangiroglu Necmettin , Pekince Gulfer Dogan , Dogan Nurgul , Kilic Cenk , Bakir Bilal
Published: April 2016

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the stress sources and its harmful effects on the personnel working at a military training hospital in Ankara in 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study included the nonmedical administrative staff working at the hospital. The inquiry form, developed previously (Agma, 2007) was used to reveal the reasons of stress and its effects.  Totally, 250 inquiry forms were distributed, 161 were analysed. Results: While Employee Social Environment (ESE) Stressors have had the lowest mean score   (1,53 ± 0,77) suggesting the highest impact, Working conditions Stressors factors have had the highest (2,13 ± 1,01). No significant result was found when compared mean scores of ESE between groups based on age, sex, marital status, and work duration with the exception of the groups based on education levels (p=0,037). Conclusion: Results of this research indicate that the occupational stressors existing in the hospital have led to very high stress on all the administrative staff involved in this study.  Low decision latitude seems to be one major factor contributing this high level of job stress. Verbal abuse and mobbing might cause the remarkable part of the given stress.Keywords: Occupational Stress, stressors, the effects of stress, hospital, administrative staff
Education for statehood as a fundamental element of civil defence education in Czechoslovakia in the years between 1918 and 1939
Authors: Kavan Stepan
Published: April 2016

This article is a reflection of statehood education as a basic element of education. The research focuses on the period after the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 to the time before World War II in 1939. The aim of the research is to explore the basic approaches to the implementation of education for statehood in terms of the creation of a new state in relation to civil defence education in Czechoslovakia. The comparative historical analysis will be utilized as the research method on the subject of education for statehood. The comparative historical analysis is used as a specific tool for qualitative research. This is a procedure which can be applied to the statehood issue of education to its basic elements, by which it will be possible to learn more about this phenomenon and subsequently explain it. Perceptions and ideas about the tasks of the state have gradually changed and evolved. This means the creation and development of the legal order, providing security and order within the state. Education for statehood was directed to such education and creating an environment so that every citizen, irrespective of nationality, religion, political opinion and social environment in which they live, has the physical and mental ability and willing to enthusiastically and faithfully fulfill their civic duties.Keywords: Statehood, Czechoslovak Republic, civil defence education
The formation of a nation: The case of bosnian muslims
Authors: Görmez Ayça Berna
Published: April 2016

This study examines the process of the formation of Bosniak nation. Ethno-symbolist approach to nationalism is taken as the basis of the study in evaluating the formation of the Bosniak nation due to the fact that ethno-symbolists argue that nationalism is a modern phenomenon but the origins of the nations can be traced back to the ethnicity. They emphasize the importance of subjective elements such as myth of common ancestry, shared culture and values in constituting nation. In this study it is argued that there are three turning points in the history of Bosnian Muslims that led to the formation of the Bosniak nation. These are Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia in 1878, the recognition of Bosnian Muslims as a separate nationality in 1968 and Bosnian war between 1992 and 1995. In this study, these turning points and their relevance for the formation of nation is analyzed through an ethno-symbolist perspective.Keywords: Bosnian Muslims, ethno-symbolism, Bosniak, nationalism
Development of a methodology for assessing the tourism sector competitiveness at the national level
Authors: Ignatjeva Svetlana , Musayeva Naila
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to develop and adapt the methodology to assess the tourism industry competitiveness at the national level. International tourism as a source of both direct and indirect incomes of the state, encourages the development of different sectors, not specific to the tourism infrastructure, but through the multiplier effect. In this connection it is urgent to develop new methodological approaches to measure and assess the international competitiveness of countries in order to put countries in a better position in the current competition for tourism revenues. The problem of determining the tourist potential of a particular territory with a view to the most efficient use is a difficult research challenge. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) has been put in the proposed methodology. The sub-indices, components and indicators that form the TTCI index are used as the parameters that characterize national economy. The application of factor analysis to the TTCI dimension components for the competitiveness of the twelve-dimensional space is reduced to two factors: socially-economic and resource-ecological factors. A two-step cluster analysis in the area of these factors allowed to group fifty-five countries selected for analysis in three homogeneous clusters. Countries, formed in clusters, have similarities in competitive advantages, factors and quality indicators of tourist resources and infrastructure. The comparative analysis of these clusters, using TTCI indicators, allows to describe the formation model of competitiveness in the tourism sector and to determine the qualitative position of the country not only among the closest countries in terms of tourism destination development, but also to draw conclusions about the preferred tourist specialization. Keywords: the travel & tourism competitiveness ındex, factor analysis, cluster analysis.
Development of political culture of Kazakhstani students: Political and cultural determinants
Authors: Aikerim Assylbekovna Kamaldinova , Orlenbaevna Nassimova Gulnar , Alekseevna Saitova Nina , Bahitzhanovna Khalikova Shakhnaza
Published: April 2016

Nowadays the problem of political activity and political culture of students has assumed some current character. The following article considers the degree of interest and participation of Kazakhstani youth in the politics and their political orientation in accordance with the results of content- analysis. The content-analysis was held within the framework of scientific project "The development of political culture in students of Kazakhstan as a strategic resource of the country ". The research and the analysis were fulfilled on the base of materials and publications in 15 associations with social-political direction registered in social network.  The research period is March - May 2015, in the period of preparations and conducting the extraordinary president elections in the RK. According to the results of the research it was revealed that most Kazakhstani students are equally interested in political processes and show interest in social-political life of the country. Also the results let us reveal the level of social state and students' attitude towards different directions of the government policy, the level of possibility of students' protesting mood. In conclusion the author gives recommendations for organs of government authority to think of the system of organisation of social monitoring of Kazakhstani youth's election mood.  By organisation it could be realised on the level of helding social interviewing, focus-teaming and expert interviewing, also by content-analysis of communities registered in social network.Keywords: Kazakhstan student youth, political culture, political activity, determinants of youth political culture, elections, modernization.
Medium-term budgetary framework in the EU Member States: study case
Authors: Dogaru Tatiana – Camelia , Peculea Adelina Dumitrescu-
Published: April 2016

The current economic crisis has called for huge fiscal efforts to avoid a deflationary spiral. In the context of the crisis, the national fiscal frameworks may play an important role in sustaining budgetary retrenchment. Therefore, the need for a fiscal consolidation, meaning a well-designed fiscal and budgetary policy is a challenge for all EU Member States. Moreover, the importance of strong and resilient fiscal frameworks has been emphasised by the October 2009 Council conclusions on the fiscal exit strategy.  On this premise, the paper discusses what elements and considerations should be taken into account more carefully in designing resilient fiscal frameworks so as to support optimal policy-making and to promote the respect of the Stability and Growth Pact provisions. The unit analysis consists on several EU Member States, affected by economic crisis. Taking into consideration the aim of the paper, the research methodology is based on a case study as research strategy, and uses the triangulation method to obtain confirmation of findings through convergence of different perspective. Regarding the qualitative research, the authors use theoretical framework, legal analyses, systematic and analytical collecting data from official written sources, and macroeconomic indicators for quantitative aspects.Keywords: budgetary framework, restructuring process, governmental measures and policies.
The comparison of the westernization process in ottoman and Russian empires
Authors: Cosgun Melih
Published: April 2016

The point of origin in the comparison of the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire were not as different from each other unlike the similarities. Both empires has chosen to shape with their own internal dynamics and enclosed social life over the years. In addition, they have taken samples the West as their model for modernization. These Empires have been described as “other” by Western because of “Islam” in Ottoman Empire and “Orthodoxy” in Russian Empire. Similar social patterns, political unrest and modernization moves has been the starting point of the study. The study referred to in the title of “comparison” did not include the concept of the just determination of similarity. Although both empires have many similarities, there were many striking differences each other. The most obvious differences in etymologic, Ottoman bureaucracy designate modernization as “Westernization”, other side Russian administrators named modernization as “Europeanism”. Another notable element was observed in various economic lives. The transition to capitalism in the Ottoman Empire directed by external forces on the other hand, Russia gave direction to this transformation of its own volition. The purpose of study is to show the similarities and differences in the Ottoman and Russian modernization with using the comparative historical sociological method.Keywords: ottoman empire, russian empire, modernization, westernization, political life
Mujeres esclavas bajo la autoridad femenina: entre dóciles y rebeldes. (Buenos Aires, siglo XVIII)
Authors: Gutiérrez Aguilera María Selina
Published: April 2016

La investigación del presente trabajo se sitúa en el Buenos Aires del siglo XVIII. El objetivo que persigue es la indagación y examen de las mujeres que soportaron la condición de esclava en esta época bajo la autoridad de otras féminas y su relación con el contexto social y jurídico de la época en que vivieron. En primer lugar se analizará este sector poblacional desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, atendiendo a diversas características demográficas. Posteriormente, se procederá a examinar este conjunto social a luz de otra documentación, fundamentalmente de corte judicial, en la que aparecen interactuando. Estas mujeres conformaban un grupo muy heterogéneo de gran interés para la investigación científica, que además de soportar el yugo de la esclavitud, se vieron doblemente excluidas por su género. El referido cruce de fuentes ha permitido la aproximación histórica a este sector social, profundizando en su configuración al mismo tiempo que se propicia un conocimiento más íntimo de estos sujetos. Se ponen de relevancia ciertos aspectos referentes a su cotidianeidad, reafirmando la situación de vulnerabilidad en la que se hallaban, pero también como procuraron sortear los vaivenes a los que su condición les limitaba.
Políticas públicas em educação: ensino de artes e de filosofia em educação inclusiva
Authors: Mendonça Samuel , Andraus Mariana Baruco Machado
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as políticas públicas de inclusão na perspectiva do ensino de Artes e de Filosofia. Do ponto de vista do método foi realizada uma revisão de literatura na base Scielo utilizando-se unitermos que viessem a favorecer os achados pertinentes à investigação, configurando-se um levantamento das produções acadêmicas a respeito do ensino de Artes e de Filosofia em educação inclusiva. Concluiu-se que ainda são poucas as publicações contemplando a temática de interesse do estudo, justificando-se a necessidade de seu desenvolvimento na medida em que as disciplinas de Artes e de Filosofia, enquanto fomentadoras da autossuperação do sujeito, são fundamentais para se pensar em uma perspectiva de educação inclusiva.
Mapeamento de competências de equipes desenvolvedoras: um olhar na construção interdisciplinar de materiais educacionais digitais
Authors: Alba Wildt Torrezzan Cristina , Alejandra Behar Patricia
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento das competências necessárias às equipes desenvolvedoras de materiais educacionais digitais, desenvolvido com base em referencial teórico e um estudo de caso. O principal objetivo é apoiar a interlocução entre as distintas funções de cada membro de equipes interdisciplinares durante a elaboração desses materiais. O trabalho descreve o processo de validação de competências, que ocorreu através da aplicação de questionários e do cruzamento entre dois mapeamentos: o primeiro foi realizado com base em levantamento bibliográfico e o segundo, elaborado em curso de extensão. O intuito é auxiliar professores, designers e programadores na gestão das atividades responsáveis pela construção de materiais educacionais digitais. Os resultados apontam a identificação e a setorização, por equipe, dos elementos envolvidos nesta prática, apoiando a adoção de um percurso metodológico focado, interativo e colaborativo.
A cultura da liberdade de criação e o cerceamento tecnológico e normativo: potencialidades para a autoria na educação
Authors: Veloso Maristela Midlej Silva de Araujo , Bonilla Maria Helena Silveira , Pretto Nelson De Luca
Published: April 2016

O texto discute os processos que se articula em torno do acesso ao conhecimento e à infraestrutura básica comum, a qual envolve toda a cadeia da produção desses bens, formada por três camadas: a física, a lógica e a de conteúdo. Considera que as tecnologias digitais e a abundância de informações disponíveis no ciberespaço vêm, cada vez mais, ampliando as possibilidades de autoria dos professores e dos alunos no cotidiano escolar (do ensino fundamental à universidade). No entanto, sem aqueles elementos (acesso comum e infraestrutura) que são indispensáveis para a implantação na educação da autoria, ela não se viabilizaria. Assim, considera que a produção de conteúdo no contexto da cibercultura está condicionada pela infraestrutura tecnológica e pelos usos, trocas e meios de criação de conhecimentos. Por fim, a partir do referencial teórico sobre a temática em questão e de nossas pesquisas e vivências em contextos escolares e universitários, conclui-se que a cultura da construção coletiva e colaborativa em rede de textos, imagens e sons só poderá ser concretizada se for permitido a todos o direito e a liberdade de usufruir dos bens imateriais produzidos pela humanidade.
Mediação docente online para colaboração: notas de uma pesquisa-formação na cibercultura
Authors: Santos Edméa Oliveira , Carvalho Felipe Silva Ponte , Pimentel Mariano
Published: April 2016

Nesta pesquisa-formação na cibercultura, investigamos a mediação docente com os cursistas da disciplina Informática na Educação, do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia a Distância da UERJ/CEDERJ/UAB no 2º semestre de 2014. Para este artigo, optamos em interpretar os dados produzidos num fórum de discussão de uma das aulas da disciplina. Como principal noção emergente das análises, chegamos ao conceito de “Mediação Docente Online para Colaboração”, que enfatiza a necessidade de uma mediação ativa e crítica para a promoção da colaboração.
Hacia un modelo dinámico para la isla de calor urbana de Madrid = Towards a Dynamic Model for the Urban Heat Island of Madrid.
Authors: Núñez Peiró Miguel , Román López Emilia , Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez Carmen , Neila González Francisco Javier
Published: April 2016

Resumen Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del proyecto MODIFICA (modelo predictivo - Edificios - Isla de Calor Urbano), financiado por el Programa de I + D + i Orientada a los Retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' de 2013. Está dirigido a desarrollar un modelo predictivo de eficiencia energética para viviendas, bajo el efecto de isla de calor urbano (AUS) con el fin de ponerla en práctica en la evaluación de la demanda de energía real y el consumo en las viviendas. A pesar de los grandes avances que se han logrado durante los últimos años en el rendimiento energético de edificios, los archivos de tiempo utilizados en la construcción de simulaciones de energía se derivan generalmente de estaciones meteorológicas situadas en las afueras de la ciudad. Por lo tanto, el efecto de la Isla de Calor Urbano (ICU) no se considera en estos cálculos, lo que implica una importante falta de precisión. Centrado en explorar cómo incluir los fenómenos ICU, el presente trabajo recopila y analiza la dinámica por hora de la temperatura en diferentes lugares dentro de la ciudad de Madrid. Abstract This research is framed within the project MODIFICA (Predictive model - Buildings - Urban Heat Island), funded by Programa de I+D+i orientada a los retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' 2013. It is aimed at developing a predictive model for dwelling energy performance under the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in order to implement it in the evaluation of real energy demand and consumption in dwellings. Despite great advances on building energy performance have been achieved during the last years, weather files used in building energy simulations are usually derived from weather stations placed in the outskirts of the city. Hence, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is not considered in this calculations, which implies an important lack of accuracy. Focused on exploring how to include the UHI phenomena, the present paper compiles and analyses the hourly dynamics of temperature in different locations within the city of Madrid.
Investigation of Water Leakoff Considering the Component Variation and Gas Entrapment in Shale During Hydraulic-Fracturing Stimulation
Authors: Wang Junjian , Rahman Sheik S.
Published: April 2016

The water leakoff into the shale matrix during the hydraulic-fracture treatment has been a critical issue in determining fracture geometry. Furthermore, water leakoff also affects mechanical properties of the surrounding rock matrix which, in turn, affects fracture propagation. Conventional approaches for the prediction of leakoff were inadequate because several important phenomena are ignored. In this paper, several effects on water leakoff into shale matrix during shale-gas reservoir stimulation are considered. A simplified structure is used to depict the complex pore network in shale. Different interactive forces involved in water displacement considering the osmotic and capillary effects are taken into account in the mathematical formulation of the model. The proposed numerical model is used to study the water leakoff and the consequent pressure increase caused by gas entrapment. The potential influence of the increase in pore pressure on the generation of microfractures is also discussed.

The simulation results show reasonable agreement with the previous studies, and indicate that the water leakoff greatly depends on composition and structure of shale matrix. Clay minerals, for example, are naturally prone to water invasion, and draw water faster than hydrophilic minerals and organic matter because of the osmotic effect. Furthermore, the invaded water significantly increases the pore pressure within the shale matrix because of gas entrapment, which leads to a strong nonlinear relationship between leakoff and the square root of time. An increase in pore pressure also results in a decrease in effective stress that leads to the generation of tension-induced microfractures in shale matrix.

This study emphasizes the significance of osmotic and capillary effects as well as gas entrapment on hydraulic-fracturing treatment of shale-gas reservoirs. Moreover, the new leakoff model can be applied to assist the investigation of fracture-propagation behavior in a shale-gas reservoir.
Experimental Investigation of Three-Phase Low-Liquid-Loading Flow
Authors: Karami Hamidreza , Torres Carlos F. , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem
Published: April 2016

An experimental study is conducted by use of a 6-in.-inner-diameter (ID) facility to investigate characteristics of three-phase stratified wavy flow in horizontal pipelines. The experiments are conducted under low-liquid-loading condition, which is very commonly observed in wet-gas pipelines. The analyzed flow characteristics include wave pattern, liquid holdup, water holdup, pressure gradient, and wetted-wall fraction.

The experimental range covers superficial-gas-velocity (vSg) values of 8 to 23 m/s, superficial-liquid-velocity (vSL) values of 1 to 2 cm/s, and inlet-liquid-stream water-cut values of 0 to 100%. Differential-pressure transmitters, a quick-closing valve and pigging system, and a high-speed camera are used to acquire the data. The trends of the data with respect to input parameters are investigated. The performances of commonly used models are compared with liquid-holdup, pressure-gradient, and water-holdup experimental results.

The observed wave patterns include stratified smooth and stratified wavy with 2D waves, 3D waves, roll waves, and atomization flow. The transitions between the flow patterns vary as a function of water cut. The trends of pressure gradient, liquid holdup, and water holdup with respect to vSg, vSL, and water cut are observed, and interpretations on the basis of physics are provided. The predictions of a transient multiphase-simulation software; the Tulsa University Fluid Flow Projects (TUFFP) unified model (Zhang et al. 2003), version 2012; Beggs and Brill (1973); Taitel and Dukler (1976); and Xiao et al. (1990) are compared with the acquired experimental data. The results from the transient multiphase-simulation software, Taitel and Dukler (1976), and Xiao et al. (1990) are in good agreement with experimental liquid-holdup and pressure-gradient data, but the three-phase water-holdup trends are not predicted well. The complicated nature of liquid/liquid interactions in three-phase low-liquid-loading flow causes greater uncertainties in predictions.

The number of experimental three-phase data, especially with larger pipe diameters, is very limited. This paper provides comprehensive data for three-phase stratified flow for a 6-in.-ID pipe. In addition, the prediction performance of the commonly used predictive tools in the industry is provided.
A brinquedoteca hospitalar: um relato de experiência no Hospital Municipal Santo Antônio em Teixeiras/MG
Authors: Machado Maria Amélia Moreira , Neves Naise Valéria Guimarães
Published: April 2016

O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas no Projeto de extensão: Ludicidade no Contexto Hospitalar - Uma Proposta do Bem-Estar da Criança no Ambiente Hospitalar, financiado pelo Funarbex /UFV. Pretende ressaltar o papel da brincadeira como promotora do bem-estar físico e emocional para diminuir os efeitos dos desequilíbrios advindos da doença e do processo de hospitalização e como possibilitadora de promoção do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem da criança. As ações realizadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto foram organizadas no sentido de promover momentos lúdicos às crianças que se encontravam para ser atendidas na sala de espera do consultório pediátrico do Hospital Municipal Santo Antônio de Teixeiras/MG. Durante esses momentos, as crianças tinham oportunidade de realizar atividades, tais como: jogos manipulativos, leitura e contação de histórias, artes plásticas e dramáticas, dentre outras.Palavras chave: Brinquedoteca, criança, desenvolvimento infantil, hospital, ludicidade. Áreas temáticas: Educação e saúde.
Introduction
Authors: Jessee Erin
Published: April 2016

The rationale for this special section of Conflict and Society lies in anthropology’s relatively recent and steadily growing application to the study of political violence in its various manifestations, from everyday instances of subtle structural violence to more overt cases of war and mass atrocities. In the late 1990s, Carolyn Nordstrom’s (1997) work among soldiers and ordinary civilians whose lives had been intimately affected by Mozambique’s civil war and Antonius Robben’s (1996) work among survivors and perpetrators of Argentina’s Dirty War enabled an important shift among ethnographers. Whereas in the past ethnographers typically focused on violence and warfare in substate and prestate societies, Nordstrom and Robben emphasized the foundations of political violence in complex state societies. Their work led to the emergence of a small cohort of ethnographers—among them Philippe Bourgois (2003), Nancy Scheper-Hughes (1997, 2002), and Neil Whitehead (2002, 2004)—specialized in what was soon termed “the ethnography of political violence”
Reply to Jay Lawrence. Comments on Piero Quarati et al. Negentropy in Many-Body Quantum Systems. Entropy 2016, 18, 63
Authors: Quarati Piero , Lissia Marcello , Scarfone Antonio
Published: April 2016

The Comments are explicitly related to contents of two published papers: actual [1] and [2].[...]
Modeling of the Reaction Mechanism of Enzymatic Radical C–C Coupling by Benzylsuccinate Synthase
Authors: Szaleniec Maciej , Heider Johann
Published: April 2016

Molecular modeling techniques and density functional theory calculations were performed to study the mechanism of enzymatic radical C–C coupling catalyzed by benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS). BSS has been identified as a glycyl radical enzyme that catalyzes the enantiospecific fumarate addition to toluene initiating its anaerobic metabolism in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica, and this reaction represents the general mechanism of toluene degradation in all known anaerobic degraders. In this work docking calculations, classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and DFT+D2 cluster modeling was employed to address the following questions: (i) What mechanistic details of the BSS reaction yield the most probable molecular model? (ii) What is the molecular basis of enantiospecificity of BSS? (iii) Is the proposed mechanism consistent with experimental observations, such as an inversion of the stereochemistry of the benzylic protons, syn addition of toluene to fumarate, exclusive production of (R)-benzylsuccinate as a product and a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) ranging between 2 and 4? The quantum mechanics (QM) modeling confirms that the previously proposed hypothetical mechanism is the most probable among several variants considered, although C–H activation and not C–C coupling turns out to be the rate limiting step. The enantiospecificity of the enzyme seems to be enforced by a thermodynamic preference for binding of fumarate in the pro(R) orientation and reverse preference of benzyl radical attack on fumarate in pro(S) pathway which results with prohibitively high energy barrier of the radical quenching. Finally, the proposed mechanism agrees with most of the experimental observations, although the calculated intrinsic KIE from the model (6.5) is still higher than the experimentally observed values (4.0) which suggests that both C–H activation and radical quenching may jointly be involved in the kinetic control of the reaction.