bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antisocial Responses to the “Coal to Gas” Regulation: An Unintended Consequence of a Residential Energy Policy
Authors: Cao Jing , Liu Tracy Xiao , Ma Rong , Sun Ang
Published: February 2025

Policies geared toward environmental and economic improvement could unexpectedly lead to negative consequences in other dimensions. Such cases raise a red flag to economists and policymakers who aim to deliver comprehensive and sensible policy evaluations. This article investigates antisocial behaviors in response to the Clean Winter Heating Policy (CWHP), which seeks to improve outdoor air quality. Our results show that participating villagers are more likely to violate laws to burn agricultural waste and exhibit lower prosociality in incentivized dictator games and public goods games. We further explore treatment heterogeneities and find that two channels are likely to play a part. First, the CWHP was perceived as a negative income shock. Therefore, the villagers would want to reduce their expenditure on straw disposal and behave less generously in the incentivized games. Second, the CWHP could trigger discontent and directly affect social preference. Additional evidence suggests that the antisocial (less prosocial) responses could have been avoided by granting larger upfront subsidies.

This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: J. Cao gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72243007 and 72250064] and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China [Grant 2023YFE0112900]. T. X. Liu gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72222005 and 72342032]. R. Ma gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72134006 and 72304272]. A. Sun gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72373157], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China [Grant 22XNA003]. The authors are also thankful for the support from the Energy Foundation, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Research Center for Green Economy and Sustainable Development and Institute for Global Development of Tsinghua University, and the Harvard-China Project on Energy, Economy and Environment.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01459 .
Duty of Candour Following Avoidable Harm
Authors: de Silva Prasanna Nemichandra
Published: February 2025

Duty of candour has emerged as the key expectation in health care at the ongoing judge-led statutory inquiries, including those conducted by Thirlwall and Lampard. Despite legal requirements in Health and Social Care legislation, backed up by the General Medical Council (GMC) and Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), both clinicians and National Health Service (NHS) managers have been reluctant to comply with this obligation. This article examines the pressures not to avoid transparency following avoidable harm, and suggests a more preventative approach through ongoing dialogue during care delivery including consulting on potential risks pre-treatment and providing feedback following interventions which have been less than successful.
Color Change of The Iris During Ocular Prosthesis Fabrication and After Accelerated Aging
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Mutthapong Lapon , Kodkeaw Panarat ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the color change of the brown iris of the three-layer acrylic resin ocular prosthesis during the fabrication process and after accelerated aging. Four groups of ocular specimens were created using combinations of heat-cured (H) and chemical-cured (C) acrylic resin: HHH, HCH, CCH, and CCC (n=10 each). The iris color was measured with a spectrophotometer after iris painting with inverted painting technique, fabrication, and UVB-accelerated aging for 504 and 1,008 hours. The CIE Lab* data were used to calculate the color difference (Delta E; ΔE) between each period. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. All groups showed no significant differences in color change after fabrication. However, significant differences were observed following UVB-accelerated aging for 504 and 1,008 hours. The HHH group had the lowest ΔE (1.07 ± 0.37 and 1.37 ± 0.18), significantly different from the CCC group with the highest ΔE (1.85 ± 0.59 and 2.17 ± 0.28). The HCH (1.27 ± 0.67 and 1.80 ± 0.42) and CCH (1.24 ± 0.31 and 1.75 ± 0.67) groups showed no significant differences. Additionally, both groups were not significantly different from the HHH and CCC groups. The fabrication process did not affect the iris color, despite material differences. The prostheses made from chemical-cured acrylic resin showed significant color changes over time, while heat-cured acrylic resin in all layers offered superior long-term stability. However, using heat-cured acrylic in the cornea layer and chemical-cured acrylic in the rest is acceptable if fabrication time is a concern.
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production from Euglena gracilis through Mono and Multi-Light Spectrum Modification
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia, Maghfiroh Khusnul Qonita , Budiman Arief ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia, Retnoaji Bambang ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia, Suyono Eko Agus ,   Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Selatan, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Euglena gracilis is a photosynthetic Euglenophyte capable of carbon dioxide fixation and lipid synthesis, offering a sustainable approach to renewable energy production. This study investigates the effects of mono- and multi-light spectra on the growth and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production of E. gracilis. The cultures were subjected to various light spectra, including red, blue, purple, red-blue, and white (control), to analyze their impact on growth rates, lipid accumulation, and FAME profiles. Growth metrics, including cell density, biomass, specific growth rate, and doubling time, were recorded, and FAME analysis was performed using GC-FID. Results indicated that purple light significantly enhanced growth, achieving the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (31.7%), while red-blue light yielded the highest lipid concentration (0.680 ± 0.028 g L⁻¹). In contrast, blue light promoted the production of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), with a composition of 74.62%. This study contributes to expanding the FAME profile database and highlights the potential of E. gracilis in Indonesia as a biodiesel source, particularly in the context of ecological modifications such as light spectrum optimization. The findings underline the organism's viability as a sustainable biofuel source, supporting efforts toward renewable energy development.
Controlling the degree of entanglement in downconversion by targeted birth zone activation
Authors: Bhat Vikas S. , Chatterjee Rounak , Bajar Kiran , Mujumdar Sushil
Published: February 2025

We explore the consequences of varying the pump beam waist that illuminates a nonlinear crystal, realizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The coherence is transferred from the marginal one-photon wavefunction to the two-photon wavefunction where it manifests into entanglement in the form of spatial correlation. We interpret this as a consequence of the number of independent emitters, called the biphoton birth zones, targeted by the pump beam on the crystal. The birth zone number N characterises the number of such birth zones that fit along a diameter of the region illuminated by the pump waist. To experimentally observe the duality between the one- and two-photon interference, we employ a double slit and analyse their visibilities V
m
and V12 respectively. We demonstrate the conservation of the quantity V
m
2+V122. Finally, we identify three regimes of entanglement of the down-converted photons based on N. We show that changing the pump waist lets us actively control the degree of entanglement letting us access these regimes. We provide the implications of each regime and mention their experimental use cases thereof.
Objective quality assessment on angular spectrum for holographic fringe pattern
Authors: Kim Younghun , Kang Hoonjong , Kim Nam
Published: February 2025

In this paper, as a first step, three requirements for an objective quality assessment corresponding to holographic fringe patterns are established, and what we believe to be a novel objective quality assessment method, PSNR-on-AS (peak signal-to-noise ratio on angular spectrum), which is satisfy these requirements, is proposed in this manuscript. To verify this proposed method, holographic fringe patterns are generated using point clouds corresponding to several 3-dimensional(3D) objects by using the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral, and these fringe patterns are used as a reference. As targets, these generated fringe patterns are degraded by bit-depth control and JPEG2000 compression, respectively. In this work, quality assessments on the prepared references and targets are performed by using the conventional PSNR and the proposed PSNR-on-AS. In the case of PSNR, the PSNR for fringe pattern and numerical reconstruction are determined according to the conventional evaluation method. In the case of the proposed PSNR-on-AS, the absolute value of the angular spectrum for the fringe pattern is calculated, and the PSNR for this is determined. The results of the two assessments are compared and analyzed. Experimental results is showed that the PSNR of the numerical reconstructions have a wide distribution depending on the characteristics of the 3D objects, indicating low reliability. Additionally, the PSNR of fringe patterns demonstrate a significantly lower distribution compared to their actual quality. In contrast, the proposed method, PSNR-on-AS, shows a narrow distribution regardless of the characteristics of the 3D objects, ensuring higher reliability. Furthermore, PSNR-on-AS for fringe patterns show similar visual quality to that of numerical reconstructions. Through these results, the proposed PSNR-on-AS method is validated as an effective objective quality assessment tool specialized for holographic fringe patterns.
MIMO equalization with adaptive intermodal interference cancellation for mitigating effect of mode-dependent loss in SDM transmission over coupled multi-core fiber
Authors: Arikawa Manabu , Hayashi Kazunori
Published: February 2025

We propose a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalizer architecture with adaptive intermodal interference cancellation without an iterative process for space-division multiplexed (SDM) transmission to mitigate the effect of the mode-dependent loss (MDL). This equalizer uses a MIMO filter to compensate for coupling and spatial mode dispersion and another MIMO filter that generates replicas of intermodal interference from the tentative decision results of the outputs of the first MIMO filter to cancel the interference. The coefficients of the two MIMO filters are adaptively controlled by stochastic gradient descent and gradient calculation with back propagation to minimize the loss function, which consists of the last outputs after interference cancellation. We evaluated the proposed equalizer through numerical simulation of SDM transmission of 32-Gbaud polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) signals over 100-km spans of 4-coupled-core fiber (4-CCF). For 1 dB of the MDL per span, the MIMO equalizer with adaptive intermodal interference cancellation achieved a 17% longer transmission distance without bit errors after forward error correction (FEC) compared with a conventional adaptive MIMO filter. We also evaluated the performance of the MIMO equalizer in wavelength-division multiplexed and SDM transmission of 32-Gbaud PDM-QPSK signals over 52-km 4-CCF spans in a recirculating loop configuration. The MIMO equalizer improved a pre-FEC Q value at 7280 km by 0.8 dB compared with the conventional adaptive MIMO filter.
Tandem neural networks for designing nanoplasmonic structures to manipulate quantum dynamics
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Guangxin , Li Lingyan , Xu Haitao , Lu Yuwei , Tan Jie , Liu Jingfeng
Published: February 2025

In the cutting-edge field of quantum nanophotonics, embedding quantum emitters (QEs) into nanostructures goes beyond the conventional exploration of light-structure interactions. The ability to optimize the local density of states (LDOS) through the design of nanophotonic structures for quantum manipulation is a significant area of research. Traditional inverse design methods are inefficient when dealing with complex structures and multiparameter optimizations, and there are issues such as the design non-uniqueness of the designed structures. In this work, we established a mapping between QEs and nanophotonic structures by introducing the LDOS and developed an artificial tandem neural network (TNN) to design nanophotonic structures with desired LDOS and optimize the spontaneous emission characteristics of QEs. The TNN enables precise one-to-one inverse design of nanostructures, significantly enhancing the LDOS at specific, desired frequency positions. Additionally, we introduce a structural loss function to address multiparameter optimizations, including the material thickness and types. Although our approach is exemplified by the design of two-layer core-shell structures that enhance the LDOS, it can also be readily extended to multilayer core-shell designs through transfer learning technology. Our work shows that TNN is an efficient methodology and a powerful tool for tailoring the LDOS and manipulating quantum dynamics in various nanophotonic structures.
Analyzing performance fluctuations in flat lenses due to feature structure distortion using a differential profile parsing method
Authors: Shen Lujun , Ge Shaobo , Zhang Jin , Chen Rui , Li Tao , Liu Weiguo
Published: February 2025

Multi-level diffractive lenses (MDLs), known for their remarkable broadband achromatic properties, emerge as a popular research topic for lightweight optical systems. As advancements in the optimization design framework continue, the distortion of the MDL feature structure (ring-bands) caused by manufacturing accuracy becomes a critical factor restricting their practical application. This research refines the functional relationships associated with the MDL feature structure and presents an innovative analytical method based on differential profile parsing (DPP) to efficiently and accurately investigate the performance loss caused by the distortion of the MDL feature structure. As a result, investigations into lens performance loss are undertaken for seven types of distortions in three categories, which arise from several typical MDL manufacturing processes. By using the DPP method, this study provides insights into the manufacturing tolerances of the MDL and general recommendations for process optimization. The final optical characterization largely verifies that the proposed theory provides valuable guidance in practical manufacturing applications, illustrating that reducing the distortion degree of the MDL feature structure dramatically improves MDL optical performance.
Generating and Detecting Deepfakes: A 21st-Century Arms Race
Authors: Daukantas Patricia
Published: February 2025

As AI tools get better at creating realistic images and videos, scientists are racing to develop countermeasures to spot the fakes.
Mass spectrometry imaging reveals spatial metabolic variation and the crucial role of uridine metabolism in liver injury caused by Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Xue Qingkai , Zhou Xiangyu , Wang Yuyan , Liu Yiyun , Li Xiaojing , Xiong Chunrong , Liu Xinjian , Huang Yuzheng
Published: February 2025

Schistosomiasis is the second most important parasitic disease worldwide. Schistosomiasis japonica is a unique species endemic to southern China, and schistosomiasis is characterized by severe liver injury, inflammation, liver granuloma, and subsequent liver fibrosis. However, the pathological mechanism of this disease remains unclear. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a versatile technique that integrates the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry (MS) with spatial imaging information, which could provide an accurate method for observing disease progression. In this study, we used an air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI-MSI) platform to detect a wide range of metabolites and visualize their distribution in the liver tissue of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. In the negative ion mode analysis, 21 and 25 different metabolites were detected in the early and chronic stages of infection, respectively. Thirteen characteristic metabolites and 3 metabolic pathways related to disease development may be involved in the chronicity of schistosomiasis. There were more than 32 and 40 region-specific changes in the abundance of a wide range of metabolites (including carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids) in the livers of mice at two different infection times, which also revealed the heterogeneous metabolic characteristics of the liver egg granulomas of S. japonicum. In a chronic infection model with S. japonicum, oral treatment with praziquantel significantly alleviated most metabolic disorders, including fatty acid and pyrimidine metabolism. Surprisingly, Upase1, a key enzyme in uridine metabolism, was significantly upregulated 6 weeks after infection, and liver uridine levels were negatively correlated with the abundance of multiple lipid-associated metabolites. Further studies revealed that in vitro uridine supplementation inhibited the activation of LX-2 cells, restored the homeostasis of fatty acid metabolism through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway, and played an antifibrotic role. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis and the potential of targeting uridine metabolism in disease therapy.
Optimization study of mine fire sensor based on grey correlation analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaokun , Ni Minghao , Wang Wencai , Wang Jianing , Wang Hongwei
Published: February 2025

In order to address the issues of fire alarm delay, omission, and false alarms caused by the current setup of mine fire sensors, which collect single disaster information, have fixed distribution, and relatively independent data collection, this study utilized FDS numerical simulation software and fire similarity experiments. The aim was to investigate the characteristics of fire gases, temperature, and wind speed. To optimize the number and location of fire sensors in mines, the mathematical method of grey correlation analysis was proposed. Additionally, the critical time for fire hazards to spread to other tunnels was determined by detecting the CO content of ventilation nodes in tunnels with different wind speeds. Grey correlation analysis was employed to determine the critical time for fire hazards to spread to other tunnels. The CO content of the ventilation node is measured to determine the time at which the fire hazard may spread to other tunnels. Grey correlation analysis is then used to compare and correlate the CO content of the ventilation node and the wind speed with the fire characteristic gases, wind speed, and temperature of the tunnel under different wind speeds. Additionally, taking into account the safe escape time for personnel suggested by Marchant, an optimization scheme for the sensors is proposed.
Hyperspectral technology and machine learning models to estimate the fruit quality parameters of mango and strawberry crops
Authors: Elsayed Salah , Gala Hoda , Abd El-baki Mohamed S. , Maher Mohamed , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Salem Ali , Elwakeel Abdallah Elshawadfy , Elsherbiny Osama , Abd El-Fattah Nadia G.
Published: February 2025

Using chemical laboratory procedures to estimate the fruit quality parameters (biochemical parameters) of mango "Succarri" and strawberry "Florida" as indicators of ripening degrees in a large area presents challenges such as low throughput, labor intensity, time consumption, and the need for multiple samples. So, using spectral reflectance-based proximal remote sensing to quickly and accurately measure biochemical parameters in different fruits is important to find the best time to harvest, make food ripen faster, and the processing of food easier. This has significant economic and ecological advantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameters of mango and strawberry fruits at various ripening stages. This was done by utilizing a combination of established and newly developed spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) in conjunction with machine learning (ML) models, including artificial neural networks (ANN), random forests (RF), and decision trees (DT). For mango fruit, the parameters estimated were chlorophyll content, total soluble solids (TSS), and firmness, whereas for strawberry fruit, the parameters were L*, b*, TSS, and firmness. These results revealed significant differences in SRI values across various ripening stages, indicating variances in the fruit’s biochemical parameters. The newly developed SRIs showed superior efficacy in evaluating these parameters. The integration of SRIs with diverse ML models proved to be a successful strategy for precisely estimating biochemical parameters. For mango’s biochemical parameter prediction, the ANN models demonstrated R2 values ranging from 0.92 to 1.00 and from 0.93 to 0.98 for training and testing, respectively. On the other hand, the RF models exhibited R2 values ranging from 0.98 to 1.00 and from 0.93 to 0.99 during training and testing, respectively. The DT models showed high performance, with R2 values ranging from 0.95 to 1.00 and from 0.88 to 0.99 for the training and testing phases. For strawberry’s biochemical parameter prediction, the ANN models achieved R2 values between 0.75 and 0.91 and between 0.58 and 0.91 during training and testing phases, respectively. On the other hand, RF models showed R2 values between 0.85 and 0.91 during training and between 0.74 and 0.86 during testing. The DT models demonstrated excellent results, with R2 values ranging from 0.75 to 0.91 for the training set and 0.74 to 0.81 for the testing set. It can be concluded that combining SRIs with ML models, such as ANN, RF, and DT, can accurately predict the biochemical properties of mango and strawberry fruits.
Low-dose radiation ameliorates doxorubicin-induced renal injury via reducing oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , He Kang , Wang Kai , Cai Yibo , Ying Zhaohui , Li Xueting , Liu Yating , Xiang Liting , Yang Pingping , Wu Hongjuan , Jiang Jian
Published: February 2025

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-established chemotherapy drug, but its clinical application is restricted due to significant tissue toxicity, of which nephrotoxicity is a serious adverse reaction. Low-dose radiation (LDR) exerts effects through stimulating diverse cell and molecular mechanisms, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and alter immune adaptation effects. This study aims to investigate how LDR protects against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the underlying mechanism involved. Sixty mice were randomly divided into control (CTR), LDR, DOX, and combination (COM) group. Nephrotoxicity was induced by injecting a single dose of DOX (7.5 mg/kg) in mice abdominal cavity, and LDR was performed 72 h before DOX treatment. Histological analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis and western-blotting were used to detect the related indicators. Research data was showed as mean ±SD and tested by One-way ANOVA. The results showed that compared with DOX group, the contents of serum UREA, UA, and the expression level of Bax and caspase 9 were significantly reduced in COM group (P<0.05). Western-blotting and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression level of MDA and Nrf2 in COM group were significantly lower than that in DOX group (P<0.05). In addition, the activity of complex Ⅰ, ATP, NDUFA1 and CYC1 were enhanced in COM group compared with DOX group (P<0.05). All the results suggested that LDR pretreatment prevented excessive accumulation of peroxides, restored antioxidants activity (SOD, GSH, CAT), activated Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway, attenuated damage to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and protected kidney cells from DOX attack. This study demonstrated that LDR could effectively and safely inhibit the progression of DOX-induced nephrotoxicity. Future studies should further investigate the mechanism of LDR protecting tissues from DOX-induced damage and find an optimal radiation dose for humans.
Bacterial targets of fecal host miRNAs in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Silamiķele Laila , Silamiķelis Ivars , Kotoviča Patrīcija Paulīne , Kloviņš Jānis
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiome composition is intricately linked to the host’s health status, yet the mechanisms underlying its interaction with the host are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), facilitating intercellular communication, are found in bodily fluids, including the intestinal content, where they may affect the microbiome. However, their role in type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated microbiome and treatment implications are not explored. Our study investigated how host miRNAs may influence gut microbiome changes related to metformin treatment in a T2D mouse model. Analyzing fecal and gut mucosal samples via small RNA sequencing, we correlated results with microbiome sequencing data, identifying miRNA-microbiome correlations, bacterial targets, and proteins targeted in these bacteria. Significant differences in miRNA expression based on diet and intestinal location were noted, with minor effects from metformin treatment in the proximal small intestine of non-diabetic male mice. Key fecal miRNAs targeting bacteria included mmu-miR-5119, mmu-miR-5126, mmu-miR-6538, and mmu-miR-2137, primarily affecting Oscillospiraceae_NOV, Lachnospiraceae_NOV, and Bacteroides. Our analysis of targeted proteins revealed diverse biological and molecular effects. Further research into miRNA-bacteria interactions could lead to new strategies for manipulating the gut microbiome in T2D and beyond.
PbTe quantum dots highly packed monolayer fabrication by a spin coating method
Authors: Lyssenko Svetlana , Amar Michal , Sermiagin Alina , Minnes Refael
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the fabrication of large-area, highly-ordered monolayers of PbTe quantum dots (QDs) on TiO2/ITO substrate, using a fast, simple, and repeatable spin-coating technique. For the first time, a real monolayer (a layer with the height of a single QD) covering approximately 3 cm2 was successfully prepared, achieving a root-mean-square roughness (Rq) of 1.37 nm. The research systematically explores key parameters such as QD morphology, concentration, spin-coating conditions, substrate characteristics, wetting properties, and solvent effects to optimize thin film deposition. The findings reveal that the spin-coating method favors the formation of layers with spherical QDs (6–9 nm) over cubical QDs (10–13 nm). The findings highlight the significant influence of solvent evaporation rate, viscosity, and wettability on monolayer quality. Chloroform was identified as the optimal solvent for cubical QDs (~90% coverage), while hexane was more effective for spherical QDs (90%-100% coverage). Beyond monolayers, high-quality bilayers were also fabricated, demonstrating the method’s potential for multilayer fabrication. This rapid and efficient method for monolayer and bilayer fabrication marks a significant breakthrough in producing uniform, large-area films, facilitating seamless integration with existing technologies. It offers a scalable and cost-effective solution, opening the door to broader applications in fields that demand high-quality thin film deposition.
A simulated annealing with graph-based search for the social-distancing problem in enclosed areas during pandemics
Authors: Dundar Bayram
Published: February 2025

During the pandemic, decision-makers offered many preventive policies to reduce the negative effects of the pandemic. The social distance rule in enclosed areas was implemented by educational institutions in any countries. In this study, we deal with the problem of assigning students to seats by considering the social distancing constraint and with objective of maximizing the total distance among the students. This problem is found to be similar to the Maximum Diversity Problem (MDP) in the literature. We name this new problem as Maximum Diversity Social Distancing problem (MDPs). A simulated annealing algorithm framework for MDPs (SA-MDPs) is proposed to identify an optimal or near-optimal solution within a reasonable computational time. A greedy random-based algorithm is presented to determine efficiently an initial feasible solution. The new neighborhood search procedure based on graph theory is introduced, in which the dominated, dominating, and nondominated seats are determined based on social distance. The proposed SA-MDPs is evaluated on classrooms with varying capacities and benchmarked against an off-the-shelf optimization solver. The computational tests demonstrated that the SA-MDP model consistently provided either proven optimal solutions or superior best-known solutions compared to a commercial solver, all within a reasonable CPU time.
Predicting Type 2 diabetes onset age using machine learning: A case study in KSA
Authors: Al-hussein Faten , Tafakori Laleh , Abdollahian Mali , Al-Shali Khalid , Al-Hejin Ahmed
Published: February 2025

The rising prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in Saudi Arabia presents significant healthcare challenges. Estimating the age at onset of T2D can aid early interventions, potentially reducing complications due to late diagnoses. This study, conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical University Hospital, aims to predict the age at onset of T2D using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Decision Tree Regression (DTR). It also seeks to identify key predictors influencing the age at onset of T2D in Saudi Arabia, which ranks 7th globally in prevalence. Medical records from 1,000 diabetic patients from 2018 to 2022 that contain demographic, lifestyle, and lipid profile data are used to develop the models. The average onset age was 65 years, with the most common onset range between 40 and 90 years. The MLR and RF models provided the best fit, achieving R2 values of 0.90 and 0.89, root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.07 and 0.01, and mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.05 and 0.13, respectively, using the logarithmic transformation of the onset age. Key factors influencing the age at onset included triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), ferritin, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), white blood cell count (WBC), diet, and vitamin D levels. This study is the first in Saudi Arabia to employ MLR, ANN, RF, SVR, and DTR models to predict T2D onset age, providing valuable tools for healthcare practitioners to monitor and design intervention strategies aimed at reducing the impact of T2D in the region.
Order among chaos: High throughput MYCroplanters can distinguish interacting drivers of host infection in a highly stochastic system
Authors: Chen Melissa Y. , Fulton Leah M. , Huang Ivie , Liman Aileen , Hossain Sarzana S. , Hamilton Corri D. , Song Siyu , Geissmann Quentin , King Kayla C. , Haney Cara H.
Published: February 2025

The likelihood that a host will be susceptible to infection is influenced by the interaction of diverse biotic and abiotic factors. As a result, substantial experimental replication and scalability are required to identify the contributions of and interactions between the host, the environment, and biotic factors such as the microbiome. For example, pathogen infection success is known to vary by host genotype, bacterial strain identity and dose, and pathogen dose. Elucidating the interactions between these factors in vivo has been challenging because testing combinations of these variables quickly becomes experimentally intractable. Here, we describe a novel high throughput plant growth system (MYCroplanters) to test how multiple host, non-pathogenic bacteria, and pathogen variables predict host health. Using an Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas host-microbe model, we found that host genotype and bacterial strain order of arrival predict host susceptibility to infection, but pathogen and non-pathogenic bacterial dose can overwhelm these effects. Host susceptibility to infection is therefore driven by complex interactions between multiple factors that can both mask and compensate for each other. However, regardless of host or inoculation conditions, the ratio of pathogen to non-pathogen emerged as a consistent correlate of disease. Our results demonstrate that high-throughput tools like MYCroplanters can isolate interacting drivers of host susceptibility to disease. Increasing the scale at which we can screen drivers of disease, such as microbiome community structure, will facilitate both disease predictions and treatments for medicine and agricultural applications.
Evaluating chlorine taste and odor acceptability to inform drinking water chlorination in humanitarian settings: Lessons from trials in Uganda
Authors: Heylen Camille , String Gabrielle , Naliyongo Doreen , Ali Syed Imran , Brown James , Ogira Vincent , Fesselet Jean-François , Orbinski James , Lantagne Daniele
Published: February 2025

While standard methods for chlorine taste and odor (T&O) detection and rejection thresholds exist, little rigorous research has been conducted on T&O thresholds in humanitarian settings. To fill this gap, we estimated chlorine T&O detection and rejection thresholds using the Forced-Choice Triangle Test (FCT) and Flavor Rating Assessment (FRA) standard methods in a Ugandan refugee settlement. We conducted these tests with 410 male and female participants, aged 5–72 years, using piped and trucked surface water and bottled water. We also conducted 30 focus group discussions and 37 surveys with data collectors. Median chlorine detection thresholds were 0.56, 1.40, and 1.67 mg/L, for piped, trucked, and bottled water, respectively. Rejection was calculated using ratings (as per the method) and five different previously-used thresholds, and was 1.6, 2.0, and 1.6 mg/L (ratings) and 2.19, 1.85, and 1.67 mg/L (using the FCT threshold method with FRA data) for piped, trucked, and bottled water, respectively. Detection and rejection thresholds were significantly associated with water quality (including turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature), participant age and education. We observed high intra- and inter-individual variability, which decreased with participant experience. We found the method used to calculate rejection thresholds influenced results, highlighting the need for a standard method to analyze FRA data. Data collectors and participants recommended shortening protocols and evaluating fewer concentrations, and highlighted difficulties in creating accurate FRC concentrations for testing. This study provides insights on using standard methods to assess T&O thresholds in untrained populations, and results are being used to develop rapid field T&O protocols for humanitarian settings.
“De Straat: Vorm Van Samenleven”, una exposición pionera sobre el diseño de la calle
Authors: Ortega-Martinez David
Published: February 2025

En 1972, la exposición De Straat: Vorm Van Samenleven (La calle: formas de convivencia) tuvo lugar en el Van Abbemuseum de Eindhoven. Fue la primera vez que se exhibió la calle como objeto arquitectónico con énfasis en ecología urbana y sociedad. El evento ha sido investigado en profundidad en estudios sobre arte, y resulta oportuno abordarlo desde las disciplinas de la arquitectura y el urbanismo. Cincuenta años después, las ideas presentadas en la exposición aún parecen pertinentes y un referente para los debates actuales. El estudio de este acontecimiento plantea una serie de preguntas: ¿Cuáles fueron las implicaciones de llevar a un museo tales cuestiones urbanas? ¿Qué podemos aprender de las exposiciones sobre diseño de calles, y de De Straat en particular, en su impacto en la contemporaneidad? A través de una revisión de la literatura del caso, un análisis de la museografía y del catálogo de la exposición, y una entrevista semiestructurada al comisario y arquitecto Tjeerd Deelstra, este artículo investiga la historia y las aportaciones, centrándose en sus fuentes teóricas con el objetivo de reconocer su repercusión en la arquitectura. Al observar el caso, se infiere que De Straat fue tanto una exposición innovadora en su realización como un hito en la construcción de conceptos como el woonerf y el espacio compartido. De Straat definió nuevas maneras de exponer la arquitectura, pero sobre todo, abrió discusiones y detonó preguntas que desafiaron los principios de la ciudad, siempre en proceso de transformación.
¡Desequilíbrense!
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos
Published: February 2025

Artículo de editorial sobre el desequilibrio que muestran las piezas de Juan Navarro Baldeweg en la exposición del Centre del Carmen de Valencia en 1999. El artículo comenta su repercusión en las sensaciones y experiencias de las personas desde el desequilibrio que muestran en relación a un modo de publicar artículos en la revista [i2] Investigación e Innovación en Arquitectura y Territorio
การพัฒนาหลักสูตรแบบออนไลน์และระบบให้คำปรึกษาด้านการสร้างเสริมสมรรถนะการวิจัยในชั้นเรียนสำหรับครูใหม่สู่การเป็นนักวิจัยมืออาชีพในยุคดิจิทัล
Authors:   คณะครุศาสตร์อุตสาหกรรมและเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลศรีวิชัย, ทองเพชร บุษราคัม
Published: February 2025

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาและหาคุณภาพของหลักสูตรแบบออนไลน์และระบบให้คำปรึกษาด้านการสร้างเสริมสมรรถนะการวิจัยในชั้นเรียนสำหรับครูใหม่สู่การเป็นนักวิจัยมืออาชีพในยุคดิจิทัล กลุ่มตัวอย่างสำหรับงานวิจัยครั้งนี้ ได้แก่ ผู้เชี่ยวชาญทั้งหมด 5 คน ซึ่งคัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจงเพื่อประเมินคุณภาพของหลักสูตรแบบออนไลน์และระบบให้คำปรึกษาด้านการสร้างเสริมสมรรถนะการวิจัยในชั้นเรียนสำหรับครูใหม่ เครื่องมือที่ใช้สำหรับการวิจัยในครั้งนี้ ได้แก่ แบบประเมินคุณภาพด้านเนื้อหาและด้านเทคนิคของหลักสูตรแบบออนไลน์และระบบให้คำปรึกษาด้านการสร้างเสริมสมรรถนะการวิจัยในชั้นเรียนสำหรับผู้เชี่ยวชาญ สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย และค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน
ผลการวิจัยสรุปได้ว่าหลักสูตรแบบออนไลน์และระบบให้คำปรึกษาด้านการสร้างเสริมสมรรถนะการวิจัยในชั้นเรียนสำหรับครูใหม่สู่การเป็นนักวิจัยมืออาชีพในยุคดิจิทัล โดยภาพรวมมีคุณภาพด้านเนื้อหาอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด และมีคุณภาพด้านเทคนิคอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด
KONSEP FLEKSIBILITAS DALAM GIG ECONOMY DAN PENGARUHNYA PADA KINERJA PERUSAHAAN JASA: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Tarigas Nopia
Published: February 2025

Gig Ekonomi merupakan fenomena dalam bidang pekerjaan baru yang muncul akibat dorongan tren digitalisasi. Orang yang melakukan pekerjaan berbasis Gig Ekonomi disebut sebagai Gig Worker. Dalam persaingan yang terjadi di dunia bisnis, fleksibilitas memiliki peran yang penting bagi keberlangsungan kinerja bisnis. Kondisi permintaan pasar yang tidak tetap dan beragam menyebabkan perusahaan harus siap dengan respons fleksibel sebagai strategi operasi mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang konsep fleksibilitas dalam dan pengaruhnya pada kinerja perusahaan jasa. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Hasil dari SLR menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas yang ada dalam Gig Worker berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Gig Ekonomi memiliki banyak peluang untuk Gig Worker, seperti lingkungan kerja yang fleksibel, bekerja sesuai dengan minat, dan dapat menjangkau pekerjaan secara global.  Kata kunci: fleksibilitas; gig economy; gig worker; kinerja perusahaan
Anticarcinogenic properties of the desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) and its host plant (Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill.)
Authors: Zaghloul A A , Salama H M H , El_gawad A M A , Almostafa M , Abdelaal K , Yassin M A
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and cytotoxic properties of aqueous extracts of desert truffle, Terfezia boudieri Chatin and its host plant Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill. The chemical composition of truffle is relatively higher than its host plants. Carbohydrate content showed the highest rate, but crude lipid showed the lowest rate in truffle and the host plant. Potassium is the highest concentration macro-element, and iron is the highest concentration of micro-element in the truffle and host plant. Compared to the several extracts tested, ethyl acetate extracts of the desert truffle, T. boudieri and host plant H. aegyptiacum (L.) Mill. gave the highest cytotoxic activity against five tested cancer cell lines (the human eye carcinoma cell line MP38, the human central nervous system cell line SF-268, the colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 and the breast cancer cell line MDA). The active substances of truffles are more effective than the active substances of host plants in terms of cell mortality rate and nuclear condensation of cancer cells. Human eye cancer cells MP38 treated with truffle ethyl acetate extract showed a greater cell mortality rate than those treated with host plant ethyl acetate extract. Thus, it could be concluded that desert truffles have distinctive metabolites with powerful biological activities, such as antiproliferative activities, compared to the host plant's corresponding metabolites.
Tradycje autonomii. Przyczynek do porównania
Authors: Kaczmarski Paweł
Published: February 2025

Artykuł stanowi porównawczą analizę koncepcji/modeli autonomii literatury w polskim dyskursie krytycznoliterackim ostatnich dekad. Poszczególne sposoby rozumienia autonomii analizowane są z perspektywy tak zwanej intencjonalistycznej szkoły badań literackich.
Głód uniwersalizmu. Metodologiczne uwagi o intencjonalizmie Waltera Benna Michaelsa i jego polskiej recepcji
Authors: Waligóra Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji krytycznej poświęconej problemowi interpretacji dzieł literackich, badając wykorzystywane w niej tradycje. Zawiera on próbę analizy intencjonalizmu Waltera Benna Michaelsa oraz jego polskiej recepcji we współczesnej krytyce literackiej. Przywołana zostaje polemika intencjonalistów (Pawła Kaczmarskiego i Łukasza Żurka) ze zwolennikiem poststrukturalnej krytyki afektywnej Dawidem Kujawą, która toczyła się na łamach „Małego Formatu” w 2021 roku. Następnie przedstawione zostają uwagi metodologiczne do projektu intencjonalistycznego. Jakkolwiek Michaels najczęściej kwalifikowany jest jako pragmatysta, w jego myśli odnaleźć można znaczące elementy innej orientacji badawczej – fenomenologii. Owe zależności zostają zanalizowane w kontekście pojęcia teorii i wyprowadzone zostają z nich wnioski dotyczące możliwych sprzeczności w myśli intencjonalistycznej oraz jej polskich odczytaniach.
Trzej panowie B… Chciane i niechciane tradycje współczesnej krytyki
Authors: Kozicka Dorota
Published: February 2025

Artykuł porusza te aspekty krytycznoliterackich tradycji, które wiążą się z figurą mistrza. Zestawiono w nim trzech krytyków starszej generacji wchodzących w lata 90. XX wieku w roli autorytetów związanych z różnymi środowiskami i opcjami światopoglądowymi. A opowieść o zmieniających się sposobach ich obecności i nieobecności w polu literatury dała możliwość ciekawego uchwycenia problemów, uwikłań, zerwań i splotów nie tylko współczesnej krytyki, ale także literatury.
Pragmatyczne połączenia. O dwóch wizjach krytyki pod patronatem Richarda Rorty’ego
Authors: Trzeciak Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Artykuł jest analizą wpływu, jaki na pole polskiej krytyki literackiej początku lat 2000 wywarła kategoria interpretacji, sformułowana przez Richarda Rorty’ego. Patronat amerykańskiego filozofa jest w artykule rozpatrywany poprzez dwa antagonistyczne użycia: społeczną krytykę literacką Kingi Dunin i faworyzującą autonomię literatury postawę Michała Pawła Markowskiego. Oba stanowiska korzystają z Rortiańskiej kategorii interpretacji w ramach horyzontu liberalnej utopii czytania i pisania, kluczowego dla myślenia o literaturze w latach 2000. Artykuł ukazuje momenty nieoczywistych zbieżności pomiędzy krytykiem i krytyczką, którzy proponowali wyraźnie opozycyjne wobec siebie wizje literatury i praktyk interpretacyjnych.
Mambo Spinoza. Chciane i niechciane tradycje krytyki afektywnej
Authors: Koza Michał
Published: February 2025

Artykuł dotyczy krytyki afektywnej obecnej w polskim literaturoznawstwie oraz tradycji, do jakich ten projekt się odwołuje. Pokazuje rozbieżności między charakterystykami tego nurtu a funkcjonowaniem problematyki afektu w źródłowych tradycjach filozoficznych, które zostają wpisane w nowy kontekst, identyfikowany z dyskursem o traumie. Różnicę między dwoma modelami afektu artykuł obrazuje w działaniu – w interpretacjach tekstów Janusza Sławińskiego oraz Stefana Szymutki. Porównanie pozwala uchwycić różne sposoby krytycznego obchodzenia się z afektem – jako (re)konstruowania śladów tego, co nieprzedstawialne, oraz jako tworzenia kartografii ciał społecznych.
Eight weeks of resistance exercise improves mood state and intestinal permeability in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dow Emily , Hernandez Mario I. , Johnston Carol S.
Published: February 2025

To explore a potential link between resistance exercise and the gut‐brain axis, this study examined the impact of resistance exercise on intestinal permeability, as indicated by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and mood state in healthy adults. Sedentary participants (n = 20; 39.5 ± 12.1 y; 27.4 ± 5.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to the resistance exercise (REX) or wait‐listed control (CON) groups. REX participants strength trained 3× weekly (advancing from 45%–55% to 70%–80% 1RM for 3–4 sets over 8 weeks). Strength testing, evaluation of mood states, and collection of fasting blood occurred at baseline and weeks 4 and 8. At baseline, LBP concentrations were inversely correlated to all strength measures (r range: −0.48 to −0.57; p < 0.05). The gain in total strength [(split squat left + right)/2 + bench press] was 45% higher for REX versus CON participants (p = 0.019), and serum LBP concentrations fell 16% for REX participants and rose 9% in CON participants (p = 0.014). Mood was significantly improved by resistance training versus control (but this improvement was not related to changes in LBP; r = −0.001). These findings support a role for resistance exercise in improving mood state and intestinal barrier function, but more research is warranted to further explore the effects of resistance training on the gut‐brain axis.