bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DMAP-promoted oxidative functionalization of α-amino ketones via oxygen delivery from water/alcohols
Authors: Wang Ying-Wei , Liu Xiao-Nan , Zheng Jia , Su Jian , Li Qi-Jun , Cai Xian-Rong , Wang Qiang , Liang Xing-Yong
Published: June 2024

A novel strategy for oxidative functionalization of α-amino ketones with water/alcohols has been developed. A plausible mechanism suggests that DMAP functions as the proton acceptor and nucleophilic catalyst.
Separation of cyclohexanol from cyclohexanol/cyclohexene mixtures by crystals of pillar[6]arene containing three benzoquinone units
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Ming , Liu Zhongwen , Hua Bin
Published: June 2024

This work demonstrates that P3QA crystals can simultaneously detect and separate cyclohexanol from an equivolume cyclohexanol/cyclohexene mixture with a purity of 95.2%.
Comprehensive analysis of C–H⋯π(alkyne) interactions in the crystal packing of diastereomers of 1,2-di(7′-methoxynaphth-1′-yl)-3,6-di(4′′-n-propylphenylethynyl)benzene
Authors: Nakamura Minami , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Morisue Mitsuhiko
Published: June 2024

An exceptional example of multiple C–H⋯π(alkyne) contacts has been discovered in the crystal packing of the syn-diastereomeric conformer of 1,2-di(7′-methoxynaphth-1′-yl)-3,6-di(4′′-n-propylphenylethynyl)benzene (syn-1).
Computational study of the post-transition state dynamics for the OH + CH3OH reaction probed by photodetachment of the CH3O−(H2O) anion
Authors: Murakami Tatsuhiro , Takayanagi Toshiyuki
Published: June 2024

Dissociative photodetachment dynamics simulations were conducted to study the CH3O−(H2O) → CH3O + H2O + e− reaction using classical MD and ring-polymer MD (RPMD) techniques on two newly formulated neutral potential energy surfaces (PES1 and PES2).
A novel 2D Eu-MOF as a dual-functional fluorescence sensor for detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3+
Authors: Wang Xiaole , Liu Weisheng
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional MOFs with a novel structure for the detection of benzaldehyde and Fe3+ have been synthesised using a solvothermal method. The detection mechanism was characterised in detail and comprehensively.
Research on an XRF-visNIR soil heavy metal exceedance analysis method based on GAS transformation and PCANet
Authors: Wang Qingya , Tao Liangliang , Li Fusheng , Wu Zhichun , Cai Yaoyi , Lyu Shubin
Published: June 2024

The proposed innovative heavy metal screening method with XRF-visNIR data, Gramian angular summation, PCANet, and CNN. It excels in classification, addresses data merging, and identifies heavy metals in soil effectively through integrated analysis.
From rust to riches: phytochemically assisted synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Au for SERS sensing
Authors: Aligholizadeh Dariush , Bechdel Landon , Johnson Mansoor , Smolyaninova Vera , Devadas Mary Sajini
Published: June 2024

This work introduces a synthesis of SERS-active AuFe3O4 using organic plant matter as a substitute for typical ecotoxic reagents. The nanoparticles demonstrate high SERS enhancement with a simple liquid-phase sample of an organothiol.
Correction: Exploring high-energy and low-sensitivity energetic compounds based on experiments and DFT studies
Authors: Lei Caijin , Li Qiaoli , Li Shenshen , Yang Hongwei , Xiao Jijun , Cheng Guangbin
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Exploring high-energy and low-sensitivity energetic compounds based on experiments and DFT studies’ by Qiaoli Li et al., New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 19523–19528, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ03514J.
Effect of amorphous chrysin loading in hydrophobically modified Pluronic F68 nanomicelles on its anticancer activity, stability and oral bioavailability
Authors: Narayan Harihar , Jangid Ashok Kumar , Sharma Jiten R. , Kishore Ankita , Mahor Alok Kumar , Yadav Umesh C. S. , Kulhari Hitesh , Singh Prem Prakash
Published: June 2024

Nanomicelles prepared with a conjugate composed of Pluronic F68 and stearic acid showed enhanced cytotoxicity and improved pharmacokinetics of chrysin.
New EDOT–SQ systems for electrochromic applications
Authors: Mermela Aleksandra , Wałęsa-Chorab Monika , Ludwiczak Monika , Żak Patrycja
Published: June 2024

Pd-based Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction leading to a new type of mono- and disubstituted EDOTs is presented. These materials were used to synthesize EDOT–SQ systems, which were examined for their electrochemical and electrochromic properties.
Correction: Insights into the vibration coupling effects on reorganization energy in π-isoelectronic frameworks
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Xing Xing , Zhao Chongguang , Meng Hong
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Insights into the vibration coupling effects on reorganization energy in π-isoelectronic frameworks’ by Yanan Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tc01744g.
A day in the life of a scientific graphic designer
Authors: Chiang Elfy
Published: June 2024

Elfy Chiang is an illustrator, animator, and science communicator based in Cambridge UK. She studied Biological Sciences at university and obtained an MSc in Science Communication at Imperial College London. She works with educators, healthcare, and communication professionals on creating engaging and informative visuals to communicate science. Her work has been published in academic journals like Nature, The Lancet and many more, and she has worked with brands in the healthcare industry such as Lilly and Novartis.
A pyramid Gaussian pooling based CNN and transformer hybrid network for smoke segmentation
Authors: Wang Guiqian , Yuan Feiniu , Li Hongdi , Fang Zhijun
Published: June 2024

Visual smoke semantic segmentation is a challenging task due to semi‐transparency, variable shapes, and complex textures of smoke. To improve segmentation performance, a convolutional neural network and transformer hybrid network are proposed based on pyramid Gaussian pooling (PGP) for smoke segmentation. In order to utilize low‐pass filtering to suppress noise, a PGP method is designed. Then, the output of PGP is reshaped to construct a set of visual tokens for transformers, thus a PGP‐transformer module is presented to make full use of the self‐attention mechanism. Finally, the PGP‐transformer module is inserted into the U‐shaped architecture with skip connections. A large number of experiments have proved that the method is significantly superior to existing state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on virtual and real smoke datasets, and ablation experiments have also verified the effectiveness of the proposed modules.
An iterative two‐stage PSCOPF method considering line fault uncertainty under typhoon influence
Authors: Zhou Ke , Wu Lifang , Mo Zhiyue , Zhang Biyun
Published: June 2024

Typhoon weather poses a significant threat to the security and stability of the power system, as it can potentially lead to the disconnection of transmission lines. Concurrently, there exists substantial uncertainty regarding which specific lines may become disconnected under such weather conditions. The preventive security constrained optimal power flow (PSCOPF) is one of the main methods to address this issue. However, the current PSCOPF exhibits low computational efficiency due to the requirement of analysing all line faults through the N‐1 check. Therefore, this paper proposes a PSCOPF method based on two‐stage optimization. Firstly, the concentric relaxation method is employed to screen and obtain the critical line faults, thereby reducing the total quantity of security constraints associated with N‐1 line fault scenarios. Secondly, the incorporation of scenario transition constraints is introduced to decompose the PSCOPF model into OPF (optimal power flow) models under N‐0 scenarios and N‐1 critical line fault scenarios, then solve iteratively to achieve multi‐scenario decoupling. Finally, the proposed method was validated on the IEEE30 test system to demonstrate its capability to ensure economics in the N‐0 scenario and security in N‐1 scenarios.
Results from PHENIX
Authors: Nattrass Christine
Published: June 2024

The PHENIX experiment at the Relatimay invistic Heavy Ion Collider has collected data scanning system sizes fromp+pand3He+Au to Au+Au and U+U at collision energies from √SNN= 7.7 to 510 GeV. The extensive measurements from these data improve our understanding of the Quark Gluon Plasma and the origin of the proton spin. PHENIX’s measurements of π0mesons, photons, heavy flavor particles, and jets probe the formation of the QGP, and measurements of azimuthal anisotropies are sensitive to collective effects and the initial geometry of the collision. A selection of recent results from PHENIX with an emphasis on results from heavy ion collisions are discussed.
NA61/SHINE Overview
Authors: Podlaski Piotr
Published: June 2024

NA61/SHINE is a multipurpose fixed-target experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the NA61/SHINE strong interaction program are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter as well as to study the properties of produced particles relevant for the study of the onset of deconfinement – the transition between the state of hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma. An analysis of hadron production properties is performed in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei to achieve these goals.

The NA61/SHINE results from a strong interaction measurement program are presented. In particular, the latest results from different reactions Ar+Sc, Xe+La, and Pb+Pb on hadron spectra and fluctuations are discussed. Additionally, the recent measurements of kaon production in Ar+Sc collisions at √SNN= 11.94 GeV are mentioned. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with worldwide experiments and predictions of various models, like EPOS, PHSD, UrQMD, and others.
Exotic particles and nuclei
Authors: Bellini Francesca
Published: June 2024

Light nuclei, antinuclei and hypernuclei constitute a laboratory to study the mechanisms of formation of bound states in proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions over a broad range of collision energies, providing insights into the nuclear structure as well as into the strong interaction. In this contribution, a selection of the experimental results and latest developments presented at the Quark Matter 2023 conference is reviewed.
QCD at finite temperature and density - Equation of State
Authors: Karthein Jamie
Published: June 2024

As an important set of thermodynamic quantities, knowledge of the equation of state over a broad range of temperatures and chemical potentials in the QCD phase diagram is crucial for our understanding of strongly-interacting matter. There is a good understanding from first-principles results in lattice QCD, perturbative QCD and chiral effective field theory about the equation of state. However, these approaches are valid in different regimes of the phase diagram, and therefore, a method of providing an equation of state that covers a full range of the phase diagram involves matching together these results with appropriate models in order to fill in the gaps between these regions. Furthermore, with such equations of state, important questions about QCD phase structure can begin to be addressed, such as whether there is a critical point in the QCD phase diagram. In this contribution to the proceedings, equations of state from first-principles and effective theories will be discussed in order to understand how QCD thermodynamics is affected by the presence of a critical point.
Electromagnetic probes in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bailhache Raphaelle
Published: June 2024

Electromagnetic probes such as photons and dileptons (l+l−) are a unique tool to study the space-time evolution of the hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions, since they are emitted at all stages of the collision with negligible final-state interactions. In this article, the latest results on soft photon (real and virtual) production in heavy-ion collisions are presented.
Chirality, vorticity and spin polarization — Experimental overview
Authors: Tang Aihong
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we provide an exploration of the interrelated topics of chirality, vorticity, and spin polarization in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Our discussion delves into the intricate relationships among these phenomena, examining the recent measurements conducted at both RHIC and LHC.We review the challenges faced, the progress made, and the current state of understanding regarding hot QCD matter under rotation.
Quantum computing for nuclear physics
Authors: Savage Martin J.
Published: June 2024

Future quantum computers are anticipated to be able to perform simulations of quantum many-body systems and quantum field theories that lie beyond the capabilities of classical computation. This will lead to new insights and predictions for systems ranging from dense non-equilibrium matter, to low-energy nuclear structure and reactions, to high-energy collisions. I present an overview of digital quantum simulations in nuclear physics, with select examples relevant for studies of quark matter.
Deep learning for flow observables in high energy heavyion collisions
Authors: Hirvonen Henry , Eskola Kari J. , Niemi Harri
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate how deep convolutional neural networks can be trained to predict 2+1 D hydrodynamic simulation results for flow coefficients, mean-pT and charged particle multiplicity from the initial energy density profile. We show that this method provides results that are accurate enough, so that one can use neural networks to reliably estimate multi-particle flow correlators. Additionally, we train networks that can take any model parameter as an additional input and demonstrate with a few examples that the accuracy remains good. The usage of neural networks can reduce the computation time needed in performing Bayesian analyses with multi-particle flow correlators by many orders of magnitude.
The commissioning status of the intermediate silicon tracker of sPHENIX
Authors: Shih Cheng-Wei
Published: June 2024

The sPHENIX project is a new collider experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It aims to study the Quark-Gluon Plasma and cold Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) by measuring photons, jets, jet correlations, and the Upsilon family with high precision. To achieve these goals, a precise tracking system is necessary. The tracking system of the sPHENIX detector consists of the MVTX, INTT, TPC, and TPOT. INTT is a two-layer barrel silicon tracker that plays a unique role among the sPHENIX tracking detectors. It is capable of bridging the tracks of MVTX and TPC. In addition, its precise timing resolution enables INTT to associate individual tracks with events to eliminate pile-up events. The INTT barrel installation and cabling were completed in March 2023. We have since commissioned and confirmed the detector responses. The INTT status, and performance evaluated by beam and cosmic rays are described in this proceedings.
3D multi-system Bayesian calibration with energy conservation to study rapidity-dependent dynamics of nuclear collisions
Authors: Mankolli Andi
Published: June 2024

Considerable information about the early-stage dynamics of heavyion collisions is encoded in the rapidity dependence of measurements. To leverage the large amount of experimental data, we perform a systematic analysis using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of multiple collision systems — large and small, symmetric and asymmetric. Specifically, we perform fully 3D multi-stage hydrodynamic simulations initialized by a parameterized model for rapidity-dependent energy deposition, which we calibrate on the hadron multiplicity and anisotropic flow coefficients. We utilize Bayesian inference to constrain properties of the early- and late-time dynamics of the system, and highlight the impact of enforcing global energy conservation in our 3D model.
Elliptic and triangular flow of light nuclei in Au+Au collisions in the BES-II energies using the STAR detector
Authors: Sharma Rishabh
Published: June 2024

Light nuclei might be formed in heavy-ion collisions by the coalescence of produced (anti-)nucleons or transported nucleons. Due to their low binding energies, they are more likely to form at later stages of the hadronic fireball. In this proceedings, we report the transverse momentum and centrality dependence of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow of d, t, and 3He in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 14.6 - 54.4 GeV. The mass number scaling of v2(pT) and v3(pT) of light nuclei is discussed. We also report the comparison of v2(pT) and v3(pT) of light nuclei with a transport-plus-coalescence model calculation.
Exploring the critical points in QCD with multi-point Padé and machine learning techniques in (2+1)-flavor QCD
Authors: Goswami Jishnu , Clarke D. A. , Dimopoulos P. , Di Renzo F. , Schmidt C. , Singh S. , Zambello K.
Published: June 2024

Using simulations at multiple imaginary chemical potentials for (2 + 1)-flavor QCD, we construct multi-point Padé approximants. We determine the singularties of the Padé approximants and demonstrate that they are consistent with the expected universal scaling behaviour of the Lee-Yang edge singularities. We also use a machine learning model, Masked Autoregressive Density Estimator (MADE), to estimate the density of the Lee-Yang edge singularities at each temperature. This ML model allows us to interpolate between the temperatures. Finally, we extrapolate to the QCD critical point using an appropriate scaling ansatz.
Fate of the ρ – a1 mixing in dilepton production
Authors: Sakai Azumi , Harada Masayasu , Nonaka Chiho , Sasaki Chihiro , Shigaki Kenta , Yano Satoshi
Published: June 2024

We investigate the effect of chiral mixing on dilepton production by combining the in-medium spectral function in the chiral effective field theory with the state-of-the-art fluid dynamical simulations. We compare the spectral functions with different chiral symmetry restoration scenarios: without chiral symmetry restoration, with chiral symmetry restoration, and the lowtemperature mixing theory extrapolated to high-temperature. We find that the scenario with proper chiral symmetry restoration that takes into account the degenerate ρ and a1 mesons leads to an increase of the yield in the window of 1.1 < M < 1.4 GeV. Whereas, the extrapolated low-temperature theorem leads to a substantial overestimate at M = 1.2 GeV.
ALICE Forward Calorimeter (FoCal): Physics program and performance
Authors: Jonas Florian
Published: June 2024

This contribution outlines the physics program and performance of the Forward Calorimeter (FoCal), which is a planned new detector subsystem for the ALICE experiment in Run 4. The forward pseudorapidity coverage of 3.2 < η < 5.8 allows to study the gluon density in hadronic matter down to x ∼ 10−6 and enables the search for gluon saturation at the LHC.
Status of the CBM experiment at FAIR
Authors: Höhne Claudia
Published: June 2024

The CBM experiment will explore dense baryonic matter at moderate temperatures with rare observables that could not be investigated so far for this type of matter. Experiments will be performed at the future FAIR facility with beams from SIS 100 exploring a range in √SNN from 2.3 - 5.3 GeV at interaction rates up to 10 MHz. Within the first few years energy scans in particular for dilepton and fluctuation observables are planned in order to search for the predicted first order phase transition and critical point. The status of the experimental preparations is reviewed in this contribution.
Hydrodynamization of charm quarks in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Capellino Federica , Dubla Andrea , Floerchinger Stefan , Grossi Eduardo , Kirchner Andreas , Masciocchi Silvia
Published: June 2024

Heavy quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) in heavy-ion collisions are initially produced out of kinetic equilibrium via hard partonic scattering processes. However, recent measurements of anisotropic flow of charmed hadrons pose the question regarding the thermalization of heavy quarks in the quarkgluon plasma (QGP). Exploiting a mapping between transport theory and fluid dynamics, we develop a fluid-dynamic description for charm quarks and show results for charm-hadron momentum distributions. Inspired by recent Lattice-QCD (LQCD) calculations, we show that a late hydrodynamization within the lifetime of the QGP is possible also for beauty quarks.
Vector meson polarisation in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
Authors: Micheletti Luca
Published: June 2024

Heavy quarks, i.e. charm and beauty, are produced in the initial stage of heavy-ion collisions, on a time scale shorter than the medium formation time, and are sensitive to the large initial magnetic field produced perpendicular to the reaction plane, defined by the impact parameter direction and beam direction, in non-central heavy-ion collisions. In the presence of a large initial magnetic field, the charm quark can be polarised. The quark polarisation is then expected to be transferred to the hadron in the hadronisation process. We will present the first measurement of D*+ polarisation in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV, exploiting the large data sample collected by the ALICE Collaboration during the LHC Run 2 and we will compare these new results with the existing J/ψ polarisation measurements.
Parton cascades at DLA: The role of the evolution variable
Authors: Andrés Carlota , Apolinário Liliana , Armesto Néstor , Cordeiro André , Dominguez Fabio , Milhano José Guilherme
Published: June 2024

The theoretical treatment of jet quenching lacks a full description of the interplay between vacuum-like emissions, usually formulated in momentum space, and medium induced ones that demand an interface with a spacetime picture of the expanding medium and thus must be formulated in position space. In this work we build a toy Monte-Carlo parton shower ordered in formation time, virtual mass, and opening angle, which are equivalent at leading logarithmic accuracy. Aiming to explore a link with jet substructure, we compute the Lund plane distributions for the different ordering prescriptions. Further, we investigate the sensitivity of ordering prescriptions to medium effects by counting the number of events eliminated by a decoherence condition.
Holographic transport coefficients and jet energy loss for the hot and dense quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Grefa Joaquin , Hippert Mauricio , Elayavalli Raghav Kunnawalkam , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Portillo Israel , Ratti Claudia , Rougemont Romulo
Published: June 2024

We employ an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model, based on the gauge/gravity correspondence, to obtain the thermodynamics and transport properties for the hot and dense quark-gluon plasma. The model, which is constrained to reproduce lattice QCD thermodynamics at zero density, predicts a critical point and a first order line at finite temperature and density, is used to quantify jet energy loss through simulations of high-energy collision events.
Hot spots in a proton
Authors: Demirci Sami , Lappi Tuomas , Schlichting Sören
Published: June 2024

We explore the consequences of gluonic hot spots inside the proton for the initial eccentricities in a proton-nucleus collision, and the constraints on the parameters describing these hot spots from coherent and incoherent exclusive vector meson production cross sections in deep inelastic scattering. We show that geometric fluctuations of hot spots inside the proton are the dominant source of eccentricity whereas color charge fluctuations only give a negligible correction. We find that the coherent cross section is sensitive to both the size of the target and the structure of the probe. The incoherent cross section is dominated by color fluctuations at small transverse momentum transfer |t|, by proton and hot spot sizes as well as the structure of the probe at medium |t| and again by color fluctuations at large |t|.
Quarkonia production in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at LHCb
Authors: Wang Xiaolin
Published: June 2024

Quarkonia production in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV had been studied at LHCb using the 2015 and 2018 datasets, separately. While onlyJ/ψproduction studies could be done in 2015, thanks to the increased statistics of the 2018 data sample,ψ(2S) has been accessed as well.
Implementing Semantic Correlation Rules in the Domain of Energy Technology for Transportation Systems
Authors: Kruse Anna-Maria , Wiedewilt Celine , Tempelfeld Lars
Published: June 2024

This research explores the correlation between topics in a content delivery portal (CDP) and spare parts catalogue (SPC) instances, focusing the domain of energy technology for transportation systems. It is based on use cases that require further textual content in the CDP as well as reference links to corresponding instances in the SPC. Furthermore, this paper aims to show the process of creating Semantic Correlation Rules (SCR) – rule-based links between instances in a semantic network – based on the previously elaborated ontology. Moreover, it aims to assess, whether SCR meet users’ needs and discusses the strengths and difficulties of this implementation approach. In summary, this paper shows the general implementation process of SCR as well as the associated requirements in the field of energy technology for transportation systems.
Differenzialdiagnose zur malignen Neoplasie: Nasopharyngeale Masse
bei einer Katze mit nasaler Kryptokokkose in Deutschland
Authors: Rösch Sarah , Rickerts Volker , Mikić Manon , Wilmes Dunja , Beineke Andreas , Mischke Reinhard
Published: June 2024

Eine 2-jährige Norwegische Waldkatze wurde aufgrund von bilateralem, eitrigem
Nasenausfluss und Stertor vorgestellt. Eine Computertomografie (CT) des Kopfes
zeigte eine intranasale Masse der linken Nasenhöhle, die sich bis hinter die
Tubenöffnungen erstreckte und den Nasenrachen vollständig verlegte. Die
Rhinoskopie bestätigte eine rosafarbene, speckige Masse. In der CT zeigten sich
beide Kompartimente des rechten Mittelohres mit weichteilisodensem Material
gefüllt. Die knöcherne Umrandung des Mittelohres war nicht verändert. Nach
endoskopisch gestützter Eröffnung des Trommelfells (Tympanozentese) erwies sich
die Füllung in dem einsehbaren, dorsolateralen Kompartiment neben weißlichem,
hochviskosem Sekret als klassisches polypöses Gewebe. Es wurde der Verdacht
einer sekundären Otitis media aufgrund einer Abflussstörung geäußert.

Mit einem endoskopisch-interventionellem Zugang durch das Nasenloch wurde die
nasopharyngeale Masse für die histopathologische Untersuchung sowie zur
Wiederherstellung des nasalen Atemweges und zur Ermöglichung der Tubendrainage
abgetragen. Im Gegensatz zu Katzen mit klassischen, malignen Neoplasien der
Nasenhöhle zeigten sich bei dem Kater mehrere Ansatzpunkte der Zubildung und
mehrere wellenförmige Erhebungen bilateral in der nasopharyngealen
Schleimhaut.

Die zytologische und histopathologische Untersuchung identifizierte die Masse als
Pilzgranulom im Rahmen einer in Deutschland nur selten beobachteten
Kryptokokken-Infektion. Die molekulargenetische Analyse bestätigte eine
Infektion mit Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.

Ein einmaliges intranasales und nasopharyngeales endoskopisches Débridement hatte
innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der klinischen Befunde
und einer vollständigen Ausheilung des rechten Mittelohres (inklusive des
Trommelfells) geführt, jedoch nicht zu einer vollständigen Heilung der
Erkrankung. Der Kater wurde deshalb nach Erhalt des
Cryptococcus-positiven Befundes über mehrere Wochen mit oraler
Itraconazol-Lösung therapiert.

Der Fallbericht zeigt, dass auch in Deutschland die Kryptokokkose bei Katzen
vorkommen kann. In der Endoskopie zeigt sich eine nasopharyngeale Masse mit
multiplen Ansatzpunkten, was für eine Neoplasie untypisch ist. Für eine Therapie
ist neben der empfohlenen Entfernung der Masse nach aktuellem Wissensstand die
orale Gabe von systemischen Antimykotika dringend anzuraten.
Drei auf einen Streich – Ein Plattenepithelkarzinom auf einem Lupus pernio und einer Erfrierung in nur einer Gesichtshälfte – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Mozaffari Marco , Fünfer Kristina , Bader Stefanie , Thölken Karisa Farias Miksza , Yilmaz Pelinsu , Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra
Published: June 2024

Aktuell gibt es keine Beschreibung eines kombinierten Auftretens von kutaner Sarkoidose, genauer eines Lupus pernio, einer durch Erfrierung vorgeschädigten Haut sowie eines Plattenepithelkarzinoms im selben Hautareal. Anhand unserer Kasuistik möchten wir einige Charakteristika der unterschiedlichen Effloreszenzen darstellen, hierbei auch anhand aktueller dermatologischer Bildgebungsverfahren wie der optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und der Line-field konfokalen optischen Kohärenztomografie (LC-OCT). Durch die Evaluation des Patientenverlaufs möchten wir auf eine mögliche Inkludierung der Verfahren in die klinische Routine hinweisen, um sowohl Diagnostik als auch Therapie zu erleichtern. Da es sich um eine seltene Symptomkonstellation handelt, soll unsere Fallbeschreibung weiterhin den Therapieerfolg einer multimodalen topischen und systemischen Therapie verdeutlichen.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided entero-colostomy with lumen-apposing metal stent as a rescue treatment for malignant intestinal occlusion: a multicenter study
Authors: Neri Benedetto , Stigliano Serena , Biasutto Dario , Citterio Nicolò , Lisotti Andrea , Fusaroli Pietro , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Donatelli Gianfranco , Tonini Giuseppe , Di Matteo Francesco Maria
Published: June 2024

Background Surgery is the first-choice treatment for malignant intestinal obstruction (MIO); however, many patients are deemed unfit for surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided entero-colostomy (EUS-EC) with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) could represent a new treatment option.

Methods Consecutive patients undergoing EUS-EC for MIO from November 2021 to September 2023 at four European tertiary referral centers were retrospectively enrolled. Multidisciplinary meetings determined whether patients were unsuitable for surgery or colonic stent placement, or refused surgery. The primary outcome was technical success of EUS-EC and secondary outcomes were clinical outcome, safety, and hospital stay.

Results 12 patients were enrolled (median age 72.5 [range 42–85] years; 58.3% female). Colonic adenocarcinoma was the primary tumor in 75.0% of patients and 91.7% had stage IV disease. Technical success was 100%. No LAMS misdeployment or other procedural adverse events occurred; three patients (25.0%) had severe post-procedural complications. Clinical success was achieved in 10 patients (83.3%), with 5 (50.0%) resuming chemotherapy after the procedure. Median post-procedural hospital stay was 9 (1–20) days and median overall survival was 47.5 (2–270) days.

Conclusions EUS-EC was a feasible technique and could be considered a possible alternative to standard approaches for MIO in highly selected patients.
Ultradiluted Homeopathic Medicines Cause Apoptosis in RPMI-8226 Multiple Myeloma Cells in vitro: a Pilot Study
Authors: Altinok Gunes Buket , Kilic Murat , Ozkan Tulin , Gonulkirmaz Nurbanu , Guven Nurcihan , Sunguroglu Asuman
Published: June 2024

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common type of cancer among hematological malignancies and is difficult to treat. Although controversial in nature, homeopathy's effects have been tested on a wide range of cancer cell types in vitro, as well as clinically. However, homeopathic medicines have yet to be tested in MM cells. In this preliminary study, we investigated the effects of Arsenicum album, Hecla lava, Carcinosinum and Carboneum sulphuratum 200C on a human MM cell line.

Methods The RPMI-8226 MM cell line was cultured in vitro for up to 96 hours and treated with each of four homeopathic preparations. The spectrophotometric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometric Annexin V-PE/7-actinomycin D (7-AAD) and propidium iodide (PI) staining were each used to examine cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle, respectively.

Results The MTT assay showed that all four homeopathic preparations reduced cell viability over time when compared to the control group cells, especially at 72 and 96 hours whereby only 50% of cells remained viable. Similarly, after 96 hours of treatment, the proportion of viable cells was significantly decreased and the proportion of early apoptotic (Annexin-V-PE +/7AAD-) cells was significantly increased for all four homeopathic preparations. Based on the PI-staining cell cycle data, cells treated with Hecla lava and Carboneum sulphuratum showed a statistically significant accumulation in the sub-G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that each of four homeopathic medicines causes apoptosis in a MM cell line. Further exploration of the potential of Arsenicum album, Hecla lava, Carcinosinum and Carboneum sulphuratum as a complementary therapeutic option in MM is warranted.
Modeling total distribution velocity
Authors: Hirche Martin , Völckner Franziska , Trinh Giang , Göbl Sebastian
Published: June 2024

For retailers and suppliers, keeping track of distribution velocity, which refers to the market-share gains per additional point of distribution, is important to assess the performance of their products in a market. Common distribution-velocity models use distribution-breadth metrics. However, distribution-breadth metrics lack the variability needed to meaningfully differentiate competing brands. This article presents a new approach for modeling distribution-velocity using weighted total distribution, which combines distribution-breadth and distribution-depth. Using retail scanner data from the U.S. market covering a total of 1682 brands in 12,049 stores across five channel types, we propose total-distribution models that are easier to specify, better reveal the differences in distribution between brands, and thus improve competitive benchmarking. This novel modeling approach based on total distribution serves as a pivotal contribution by providing an effective analytical tool for competitive benchmarking in diverse market environments. It allows brands to increase their market-share by spending on a fair share of total distribution. These findings highlight the usefulness of a total-distribution metric as a measure of competitive distribution coverage to support product-portfolio and category-management decisions.
Revealing the phase transition scenario in antiferroelectric thin films by x-ray diffuse scattering
Authors: Kniazeva Maria A. , Ganzha Alexander E. , Gao Ran , Dasgupta Arvind , Filimonov Alexey V. , Burkovsky Roman G.
Published: June 2024

There is no consensus among researchers regarding how phase transitions occur in antiferroelectric (AFE) epitaxial heterostructures, in particular, in heterostructures based on model AFE lead zirconate. The questions about the number of phase transitions in such films and by what mechanism they occur remain controversial. This paper presents a look at the phase transition scenario in two types of epitaxial heterostructures: PbZrO3/Ba[La–Sn]O3/MgO (001) thin films with thicknesses from 25 to 1000 nm and PbZrO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (001) thin film 100 nm thick using the diffuse x-ray scattering in the grazing incidence setup. We register the characteristic butterfly-shaped diffuse scattering (DS) intensity distribution in the HK pseudocubic planes, which corresponds to the anisotropic ferroelectric soft mode. No incommensurate soft mode was observed in the cuts of reciprocal space parallel to the film surface by diffuse scattering. We reproduce the shape of DS distribution at different temperatures by the model based on the dielectric stiffness and the electric polarization correlation tensor in the cubic approximation. Such modeling allows not only to characterize the DS parameters from the challengingly low signal-to-background data set, but also to extract experimentally the sensitivity of the materials with respect to inhomogeneous polarization. While the observed temperature evolution of DS is consistent with the dielectric measurements, the correlation between the DS and the phase transition sequence observed by superstructure reflections is yet to be understood better.
Open-source device for high sensitivity magnetic particle spectroscopy, relaxometry, and hysteresis loop tracing
Authors: Mattingly E. , Barksdale A. C. , Śliwiak M. , Chacon-Caldera J. , Mason E. E. , Wald L. L.
Published: June 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used extensively across numerous disciples, with applications including Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), targeted hyperthermia, deep brain stimulation, immunoassays, and thermometry. The assessment of MNPs, especially those being designed for MPI, is performed with magnetic particle spectrometers, relaxometers, loop tracers, or similar devices. Despite the many applications and the need for particle assessment, there are few consolidated resources for designing or building such a MNP assessment system. Here, we describe the design and performance of an open-source device capable of spectroscopy, relaxometry, and loop tracing. We show example measurements from the device and quantify the detection sensitivity by measuring a dilution series of Synomag-D 70 nm (from 0.5 mg Fe/ml to 7 ng Fe/ml) with a 10 mT drive field at 23.8 kHz. The device measures 260 pg Fe with SNR = 1 and 1.3 ng at SNR = 5 in spectroscopy mode in under one second of measurement time. The system has a dynamic range of 60 μg to 260 pg Fe without changing the hardware configuration. As an example application, we characterize Synomag-D’s relaxation time constant for drive fields 2–18 mT and compare the magnetization responses of two commonly used MNPs.
Atomistic insights from DFT calculations into the catalytic properties on ceria-lanthanum clusters for methane activation
Authors: Peraça Carina S. T. , Bittencourt Albert F. B. , Bezerra Raquel C. , Da Silva Juarez L. F.
Published: June 2024

Improving the catalytic performance of materials based on cerium oxide (CeO2) for the activation of methane (CH4) can be achieved through the following strategies: mixture of CeO2 with different oxides (e.g., CeO2–La2O3) and the use of particles with different sizes. In this study, we present a theoretical investigation of the initial CH4 dehydrogenation on (La2Ce2O7)n clusters, where n = 2, 4, and 6. Our framework relies on density functional theory calculations combined with the unity bond index–quadratic exponential potential approximation. Our results indicate that chemical species arising from the first dehydrogenation of CH4, that is, CH3 and H, bind through the formation of C–O and H–O bonds with the clusters, respectively. The coordination of the adsorption site and the chemical environment plays a crucial role in the magnitude of the adsorption energy; for example, species adsorb more strongly in the low-coordinated topO sites located close to the La atoms. Thus, it affects the activation energy barrier, which tends to be lower in configurations where the adsorption of the chemical species is stronger. During CH4 dehydrogenation, the CH3 radical can be present in a planar or tetrahedral configuration. Its conformation changes as a function of the charge transference between the molecule and the cluster, which depends on the CH3-cluster distance. Finally, we analyze the effects of the Hubbard effective parameter (Ueff) on adsorption properties, as the magnitude of localization of Ce f-states affects the hybridization of the interaction between the molecule and the clusters and hence the magnitude of the adsorption energies. We obtained a linear decrease in the adsorption energies by increasing the Ueff parameter; however, the activation energy is only slightly affected.
High temperature evolution of a confined silicon layer
Authors: Le Cunff Maëlle , Rieutord François , Landru Didier , Kononchuk Oleg , Cherkashin Nikolay
Published: June 2024

The temperature-induced phase and morphology changes of a thin layer sandwiched between two substrates which it partially wets are investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray scattering techniques. For this, SiC wafers were bonded with Si layers of various thicknesses and annealed at temperatures below and above the Si melting point. Below the melting point of Si, solid-state dewetting occurs. It starts with the heterogeneous nucleation of pits at the Si/SiC interfaces and progresses to their partial transformation into voids crossing the whole film. The further growth of voids is accompanied with an increase in the Si film thickness. Final equilibrium is shown to be impacted by Si crystallographic state evolution. Above the Si melting temperature, liquid Si drives SiC interfaces step bunching. When high steps and large terraces are formed over the two SiC surfaces, Si is shown to be trapped within quasi-closed pockets. Eventually, the interface locally closes around these Si inclusions with the creation of SiC/SiC direct contacts. The influence of both annealing temperatures and Si film thickness on all these processes is discussed.
A novel viscoelastic microfluidic platform for nanoparticle/small extracellular vesicle separation through viscosity gradient-induced migration
Authors: Guo Han , Wang Dayin , Feng Shilun , Zhang Kaihuan , Luo Yuan , Zhao Jianlong
Published: June 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, harboring proteins and nucleic acids that reflect their source cells and act as vital mediators of intercellular communication. The comprehensive analysis of sEVs is hindered by the complex composition of biofluids that contain various extracellular vesicles. Conventional separation methods, such as ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity capture, face routine challenges in operation complexity, cost, and compromised recovery rates. Microfluidic technologies, particularly viscoelastic microfluidics, offer a promising alternative for sEV separation due to its field-free nature, fast and simple operation procedure, and minimal sample consumption. In this context, we here introduce an innovative viscoelastic approach designed to exploit the viscosity gradient-induced force with size-dependent characteristics, thereby enabling the efficient separation of nano-sized particles and sEVs from larger impurities. We first seek to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the viscosity gradient-induced force, followed by experimental validation with fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrating separation results consistent with qualitative analysis. We believe that this work is the first to report such viscosity gradient-induced phenomenon in the microfluidic context. The presented approach achieves ∼80% for both target purity and recovery rate. We further demonstrate effective sEV separation using our device to showcase its efficacy in the real biological context, highlighting its potential as a versatile, label-free platform for sEV analysis in both fundamental biological research and clinical applications.
Dynamics of a cavitation bubble confined in a thin liquid layer at null Kelvin impulse
Authors: Zevnik Jure , Patfoort Julien , Rosselló Juan Manuel , Ohl Claus-Dieter , Dular Matevž
Published: June 2024

In this work, we experimentally and numerically investigate cavitation bubble dynamics in a thin liquid layer surrounded by gas. We focus on configurations featuring strongly confined bubbles at dimensionless bubble-free surface stand-off distances D* below unity. Additionally, we impose the condition of null Kelvin impulse, subjecting a bubble to the oppositely equal influence of two opposing free surfaces, resulting in the formation of two convergent water jets. We observe a diverse spectrum of jetting phenomena, including broad jets, mushroom-capped jets, and cylindrical jets. These jets become progressively thinner and faster with lower D* values, reaching radii as small as 3% of the maximal bubble radius and speeds up to 150 m/s. Numerical results reveal a linear relationship between the jet impact velocity and the local curvature at the bubble region proximal to the free surface. This suggests that the magnitude of bubble deformation during its growth phase is the primary factor influencing the observed fivefold increase in the jet impact velocity in the parameter space considered. Our findings show that bubble collapse intensity is progressively dampened with increased confinement of its environment. As D* decreases beyond a critical value, the liquid layer separating the bubble and ambient air thins, leading to the onset of interfacial shape instabilities, its breakdown, and bubble atomization. Furthermore, we compare bubbles at zero Kelvin impulse to corresponding anisotropic scenarios with a single free surface, revealing that the dynamics of axial jets until the time of impact is primarily influenced by the proximal free surface. The impact of convergent axial jets at null Kelvin impulse results in local pressure transients up to 100 MPa and triggers the formation of a fast and thin annular outflow in the form of a liquid sheet, affected by the Rayleigh–Plateau and flapping shape instability.
Transport properties of multilayer NbxMo1−xS2/MoS2 in-plane heterostructure tunnel FETs on hexagonal boron nitride substrate
Authors: Toida Shota , Yamaguchi Shota , Endo Takahiko , Nakanishi Yusuke , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Nagashio Kosuke , Miyata Yasumitsu
Published: June 2024

In-plane heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides are promising for applications in tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). However, the transport properties of the in-plane heterostructures have not been fully understood due to the presence of generation current derived from the in-gap state of the heterointerface. For further performance improvement, it is important to identify and suppress the origin of the in-gap states at the heterointerface. In this work, we investigated the transport properties of TFETs based on multilayer NbxMo1−xS2/MoS2 in-plane heterostructures on atomically flat hexagonal boron nitride substrate. We observed a transition from staggered gap to broken gap band alignment by electron doping to MoS2 and that band-to-band tunneling current was dominant below 80 K, a higher temperature compared with the heterostructure on an SiO2 surface. These results indicate that the use of atomically flat substrates helps reduce generation current from strain-derived in-gap states in NbxMo1−xS2/MoS2 in-plane heterostructures.
A transformer-based neural operator for large-eddy simulation of turbulence
Authors: Li Zhijie , Liu Tianyuan , Peng Wenhui , Yuan Zelong , Wang Jianchun
Published: June 2024

Predicting the large-scale dynamics of three-dimensional (3D) turbulence is challenging for machine learning approaches. This paper introduces a transformer-based neural operator (TNO) to achieve precise and efficient predictions in the large-eddy simulation (LES) of 3D turbulence. The performance of the proposed TNO model is systematically tested and compared with LES using classical sub-grid scale models, including the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) and the dynamic mixed model (DMM), as well as the original Fourier neural operator (FNO) model, in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) and free-shear turbulent mixing layer. The numerical simulations comprehensively evaluate the performance of these models on a variety of flow statistics, including the velocity spectrum, the probability density functions (PDFs) of vorticity, the PDFs of velocity increments, the evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, and the iso-surface of the Q-criterion. The results indicate that the accuracy of the TNO model is comparable to the LES with DSM model and outperforms the FNO model and LES using DMM in HIT. In the free-shear turbulence, the TNO model exhibits superior accuracy compared to other models. Moreover, the TNO model has fewer parameters than the FNO model and enables long-term stable predictions, which the FNO model cannot achieve. The well-trained TNO model is significantly faster than traditional LES with DSM and DMM models and can be generalized to higher Taylor–Reynolds number cases, indicating its strong potential for 3D nonlinear engineering applications.