bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construcción de imaginarios de identidad y vestuario de las mujeres excombatientes de las FARC-EP en el postconflicto colombiano
Authors: Cano Ramírez Carlos Mario , Pérez Giraldo María Camila
Published: September 2021

Incluir la perspectiva del cuerpo vestido en los procesos de postconflicto permite ampliar el espectro de comprensión de las dinámicas de la reincorporación de los excombatientes de las FARC, cuyos límites no solo están dados desde los mecanismos asociados al desarme, la desmovilización y la reincorporación (Colombia, 2016). Por ello, es pertinente incluir así mismo, los vínculos entre el cuerpo vestido, que consta de un arma ceñida al torso, el poder, la política y el territorio, entendiendo que el cuerpo es el único capital permanente de los combatientes tanto en la guerra como fuera de ella; sobre todo, si reconocemos que esta es capaz de producir formas de poder en las que todos los géneros se crean y anulan en proporciones desiguales. También es necesario entender cómo se ha dado el proceso de desmilitarización en la estética del cuerpo y el vestuario de las mujeres excombatientes de las FARC, para identificar si las nuevas políticas de desmilitarización y búsqueda de la resocialización, han impactado de alguna manera el cambio en los códigos de vestuario para dar origen a nuevos reconocimientos identitarios.
Gracias a los enfoques epistemológicos asumidos y que giraron alrededor de la investigación en y para la educación, la investigación sobre género y conflicto armado, el diseño crítico y la investigación cualitativa, basadas en la acción-cooperación; y la etnografía se pudieron reconocer identificación y pertenencia de los imaginarios de identidad y vestuario que construyen por, hoy por hoy, las mujeres excombatientes de las FARC en las zonas veredales al incorporarse a la vida civil, alejadas del combate crean nuevas prácticas que modifican el cuerpo militarizado hasta posicionar unas nuevas y diferentes imágenes del “Yo”, en ausencia del conflicto armado. El resultado final de esta investigación permitió entender que el primer territorio que se habita es el cuerpo.
Prácticas de visualización en la investigación académica en diseño gráfico
Authors: Ramírez Escobar María Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación explora las prácticas académicas alrededor de la visualización, con el objetivo de definir la importancia de la realización de esquemas para la investigación académica en diseño. El estudio de caso se centró en los estudiantes de últimos semestres de Diseño Gráfico de la Universidad del Valle que estaban realizando su proyecto de grado para optar al título universitario. Métodos: en esta investigación cualitativa se realizó observación participativa de las asignaturas de proyectos de grado, además de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesores el departamento y a estudiantes próximos a finalizar sus estudios profesionales. En la parte final de la entrevista, a los estudiantes se les pidió que explicaran sus proyectos mientras graficaban sobre papel. Se llevo a cabo un análisis de la relación entre los gráficos y la sustentación verbal; en el estudio de las entrevistas transcritas se realizó un escrutunio dentro de la conversación para identificar las categorías de visualización, escritura académica e investigación en diseño. Resultados: La información recogida muestra que la visualización es una práctica comunicativa fundamental en el desarrollo de los proyectos de grado, no solo para dialogar con pares y asesores, sino también como una manera de hacer conscientes los procesos cognitivos que hacen parte del proceso investigativo. Conclusión: La incorporación efectiva de métodos visuales en las clases de investigación formativa podría ayudar a los estudiantes a utilizar con mayor eficacia recursos cognitivos adquiridos en sus años de formación, e inclusive colaborar a reducir la brecha percibida entre el ejercicio profesional del diseño y la reflexión teórica sobre la práctica. Futuros estudios podrían centrarse en la aplicación de estos recursos didácticos en las actividades de investigación para comprobar si es posible definir una caja de herramientas metodológicas afín a los intereses particulares del diseño.
El diseño para adultos mayores: un enfoque centrado en la persona
Authors: Maya Rivero Annika
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo se deriva de la investigación de carácter doctoral “Diseño de un modelo para la reflexión identitaria de la persona mayor con demencia a través de la cultura material”. El objetivo de evidenciar la importancia que tiene el diseño para personas mayores con un enfoque centrado en la persona, se concretó utilizando una metodología cualitativa, de carácter etnográfico, con la cual se visibilizó que la demencia acentúa la necesidades socio emocionales de las personas. Se halló información que refuerza la idea de la importancia de los objetos en la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores como elementos detonantes de memorias y testigos de vida, pues existen objetos que fungen como promotores de una reflexión de identidad, como espejos que permanecen presentes ante la persona para, de alguna manera, recordarle quien es. Se concluye que este tipo de objetos confirman que es necesario que el diseño para personas mayores vaya más allá de la función y la accesibilidad, siendo necesario ampliar la visión que en académica y profesional que se tiene respecto al diseño para adultos mayores en el contexto latinoamericano y la inclusión de aspectos sociales, culturales y emocionales es irrebatible.
El aeropuerto como dispositivo disciplinar para el control de la movilidad
Authors: León Casero Jorge
Published: September 2021

Desde los atentados del 11-S, los aeropuertos se han convertido en unos dispositivos de control y vigilancia únicamente comparables con las cárceles de máxima seguridad. Por ello, la mayor parte de los estudios dedicados a los mismos han experimentado una progresiva afinidad con los trabajos de Michel Foucault y Paul Virilio, en los que la arquitectura es caracterizada como técnica paradigmática para organizar el espacio (compartimentación) y el tiempo (distribución de secuencias) con el fin de lograr la individualización, clasificación, ordenación y normalización de sus usuarios. Este artículo tiene por objetivo identificar las principales estrategias espaciales mediante las cuales los aeropuertos implementan el control disciplinar de los pasajeros, con independencia de su estilo formalcompositivo, su estética sociofenomenológica y/o la introducción de dispositivos electrónicos de vigilancia. Para ello, desarrollamos una metodología basada en el análisis gráfico (en planta y sección) de cinco aeropuertos de pequeño tamaño proyectados en un mismo ámbito territorial (estatal) y en un lapso homogéneo con el doble objetivo de que no haya cambios sustanciales en la legislación aplicable ni en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de edificación, control y vigilancia que puedan afectar al diseño básico de su organización espacial. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la presencia constante de una organización espacial lineal y jerárquica consistente en la sucesión “entrada-facturación-control de personas-shopping-embarque” con independencia de cualquier otra posible consideración estética, fenomenológica o social del espacio diseñado. Ello se opone a aquellos análisis realizados en las dos últimas décadas que priman el carácter rizomático, conectivo y no-jerarquizado del espacio aeroportuario frente a su segmentarización y jerarquización disciplinar. El artículo concluye remarcando el carácter totalitario que ha adquirido el control de la movilidad (aérea) en el siglo XXI.
La memoria del lugar: lo extraño y la forclusión en Gregor Schneider
Authors: Segura Cabañero Jesús , Simó Mulet Toni
Published: September 2021

Nuestros objetivos en este artículo son, primeramente, abordar la investigación de la obra de Gregor Schneider como caso de estudio de arte de instalación, dentro de las manifestaciones del arte contemporáneo que utilizan recursos espacio-temporales. Seguidamente, vemos que la obra de Gregor Schneider es paradigmática en este sentido, ya que posibilita la transformación de las estructuras espaciales y arquitectónicas, en un ejemplo de cómo los artistas contemporáneos proponen nuevas vías para la definición de la instalación escultórica. Y finalmente, exploramos su obra a partir de los estudios visuales para intentar proponer nuevas formas de entendimiento de la obra, en relación al arte de instalación performativa y espacial. Metodológicamente, estructuramos la investigación en dos partes. En la primera parte, nos servimos del concepto de Freud de lo “uncanny”, para entender la duplicación de los espacios en la obra de Gregor Schneider. Intentamos responder a la cuestión principal de su obra, el porqué de la duplicación de espacios. Entendiendo esta duplicación a través del término lacaniano de la “forclusión”, nos centramos en sus obras Haus u r y Die Familie Schneider. En una segunda parte, analizamos y cuestionamos el papel que desempeña la idea de la memoria y la idea del trauma en relación al contexto en el que está situada su obra. Utilizamos los conceptos de la memoria, el tiempo, el trauma y los lugares desarrollados por Dylan Trigg como elementos que dan sentido a su obra. Por último, concluimos con la reconstrucción de la memoria desarrollada en las obras de Gregor Schneider, donde la idea de trauma implica una teatralización y una activación perceptiva del espectador.
“THIS IS MY KIDNEY, I CAN DO WHAT I WANT WITH IT” – PROPERTY RIGHTS AND OWNERSHIP OF HUMAN ORGANS
Authors: Magda Slabbert
Published: September 2021

If I am not a slave, nobody else owns me and I therefore must own myself. This is but philosophical speculation and not the law. According to the legal view, not only does no one own me or my body parts, but neither do I. Legal conceptions of “property” donot extend to self-ownership. A vacuum in law concerning the ownership of body parts exists and the only responses to questions concerning this type of ownership remain philosophical and obiter dicta in reported cases. This article explores property rights in human bodies and body parts in order to establish the position in law of excised human organs removed for the use in transplantation. It is necessary to highlight the historical progression in determining property rights in human body parts, but it should be borne in mind that the majority of laws and court decisions took place in an era when organ transplants were still in an experimental phase. For the sake of brevity foreign legislation and court judgments in only two common law countries will be scrutinised and compared to the current position in South Africa. The reasons why ownership in human organs are important will also be indicated.
THE AWARDING OF POST-DIVORCE MAINTENANCE TO A MUSLIM EX-WIFE AND CHILDREN IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN COURTS: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN DIVINE AND SECULAR LAW
Authors: Razaana Denson  , Marita Carnelley
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the differences between the South African civil law and Islamic law with specific reference to post-divorce spousal maintenance as well as postdivorce maintenance of children in light of recent case law, Mahomed v Mahomed [2009] JOL 23733 (ECP). The issue of post-divorce spousal maintenance is especially controversial and it is noted that in both systems the issue should not beseen in isolation, but in conjunction with the other protection possibilities within each of these systems. The apparent conflict between the South African constitutional principles and the principles of Islam is noted and compared to the Indian legal and constitutional experience, although reference is also made to the Algerian legal position. Drawing an analogy with the South African legal developments vis-à-vis customary marriages, the article concludes and submits that any enactment by the South African legislature, dealing with the maintenance of spouses and children after divorce, whether in the format of the Muslim Marriage Bill as set out in the 2003 South African Law Reform Commission Report, or in any other format, should take cognizance of the rulings and teachings of Islam.
WRONGFUL ARREST: A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RECENT CASE LAW
Authors: Johan Scott
Published: September 2021

In recent times there has been a proliferation of press reports about ordinary, law-abiding citizens who suffered the indignity and inconvenience of a wrongful (unlawful) arrest at the hands of officers of the South African Police Service or Metro Police Services. According to the most recent of these reports, this increase in the incidence of wrongful arrests have even resulted in deliberations between members of the Law Society of the Northern Provinces and the top management of the SAPS, in which the latter undertook to pay special attention to the training of police officers in order to better the present state of affairs. It is not far-fetched to describe thepresent situation on the ground in respect of wrongful arrests as epidemic. In recent interviews with attorneys who have been representing clients in wrongful arrest claims against the Minister of Safety and Security, the present writer was told about certain standard practices regarding arrests: it would seem that it is a favourite practice among certain police officials to arrest suspects on a Friday, or even a Thursday afternoon, in order to prolong the normal 48-hour maximum period of detention before bringing an arrestee before court. Furthermore, metro police spokespersons often announce, at the beginning of some road-safety drive or crack-down on traffic offenders, that certain types of offenders will, without exception, be arrested. The worst recent example recounted to the author of lamentable conduct in this context on the part of a high-ranking police official concerns an order issued on a Friday afternoon in which the officers under his command were ordered to endeavour arresting more persons of a specific ethnic group, seeing that the weekend population of the police cells under his command did not reflect the demographics of his jurisdiction!
DELIKTUELE AANSPREEKLIKHEID WEENS ’N LATE: IS DIE ONDERNEMER SY KLANT SE HOEDER?
Authors: J Neethling
Published: September 2021

Dit is gevestigde reg dat ’n persoon wat versuim om te verhoed dat ’n ander skade ly, in die reël nie deliktueel onregmatig handel nie, of soos dit kripties in Saaiman v Minister of Safety and Security (2003 3 SA 496 (O) 503) gestel word: “The general rule of delict is that no one is held liable for doing nothing. This is trite law.” Positief gestel, is sodanige late dus prima facie regmatig. “Onderliggend aan dié uitgangspunt is die gedagte dat niemand sy broer se hoeder is nie”. Regsbeleidsoorwegings hiervoor is onder andere dat ’n algemene regsplig om benadeling van andere deur positiewe optrede te voorkom, ’n te swaar las op persone in die gemeenskap sou plaas, asook dat dit tot chaos kon lei “[i]f every individual were liable for failure to protect others against loss”, aangesien “each would be compelled, in order to avoid liability, to run around and busy himself with the affairs of his neighbours”. “Society is [dus] hesitant”, soos dit in Cape Town Municipality v  Bakkerud (2000 3 SA 1049 (HHA) 1054) verwoord word, “to impose liability in law for, as it is sometimes put, ‘minding one’s own business’”. Daarom moet daar in elke besondere geval bepaal word of daar inderdaad ’n regsplig was om positief op te tree ten einde benadeling te vermy, en dit word beantwoord aan die hand van die redelikheids- of boni moresonregmatigheidsmaatstaf. In Van Eeden v Minister of Safety and Security (Women’s Legal Centre Trust, as amicus curiae) (2003 1 SA 389 (HHA) 395; sien ook Minister of Safety and Security v Hamilton 2004 2 SA 216 (HHA) 229) word dit so gestel: “The appropriate test for determining wrongfulness [of an omission] has been settled in a long line of decisions of this Court. An omission is wrongful if thedefendant is under a legal duty to act positively to prevent the harm suffered by the plaintiff. The test is one of reasonableness. A defendant is under a legal duty to act positively to prevent harm to the plaintiff if it is reasonable to expect of the defendant to have taken positive measures to prevent the harm.” In die onlangse tyd het daar ’n hele paar gevalle voor die howe gedien waar klante van ondernemers op sakepersele benadeel is. Drie sodanige gevalle verdien nadere beskouing, naamlik waar ’n klant op ’n gladdewinkelvloer gly en beseer word, waar ’n klant op ’n besigheidsperseel geskiet word, en waar ’n klant se motor op die parkeerterrein van ’n besigheid gesteel word. In al hierdie gevalle is die primêre vraag of die betrokke ondernemer sy klant se hoeder is, met ander woorde, of daar ’n regsplig op die ondernemer gerus het om die klant se benadeling te voorkom het. Sekondêr kom die vraag na die ondernemer se nalatigheid (en kousaliteit) ter sprake.
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATION: DO WE NEED A PARADIGM SHIFT IN OUR APPROACH TO HANDLING MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE DISPUTES?
Authors: Henry Lerm
Published: September 2021

This article takes a critical look at the current state of affairs of both our public as well as private healthcare sectors in South Africa. The focus of this article is to try and find reasons for the exorbitant amounts of monies spent on litigation, which our country can ill afford. What will be considered is whether we need a paradigm shift in our approach to handling medical negligence disputes? What will also be introduced as part of the suggested solutions are practices that can be put in place. It is especially the introduction of mediation as oversight mechanism and other practices that will receive wide attention.
A DE FACTO ADOPTION DOCTRINE FOR SOUTH AFRICA?
Authors: Anne S Louw
Published: September 2021

Despite this seemingly bright-line distinction between adopted and non-adopted children, the South African courts have in recent times shown an increased willingness to grant de facto adopted children some, if not all, the rights reserved for formally adopted children. The approach adopted by the judiciary in such cases has raised the question of whether, or to what extent, a doctrine of de facto adoption has been created in South Africa. If such a doctrine is found to exist, it would imply that the judiciary is increasingly inclined to treat de facto and de jure adopted children alike. The article investigates the various contexts within and the extent to which the courts have been willing to recognise de facto adoptions. Based on the trends apparent from the judgments in question, the article concludes that a doctrine of de facto adoption has evidently been created in the context of finding a duty of support. The application of such a doctrine in the context of customary law, adoptions and baby-swop cases are for different reasons found to be inappropriate, while the extension of such a doctrine on a case-by-case basis to find a right to intestate succession is regarded as worth considering and pursuing.
MARITAL RAPE: A TALE OF TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Oyebanke Yebisi  , Victoria Balogun
Published: September 2021

Marital rape is a form of sexual violence, which is often downplayed due to the common law position that a man cannot rape his wife. While certain jurisdictions have enacted laws criminalising it, other jurisdictions have yet to criminalise it. This paper focuses on the criminal aspects of marital rape and examines the laws regarding marital rape in South Africa and the general rape provisions in Nigeria. While marital rape is punishable under South African criminal law, it is not in Nigeria. In this paper, the provisions of the South African Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Other Related Matters) Act of 2007, the Criminal Code Act, and the Penal Code Act – Nigeria in relation to rape and marital rape – are analysed. This paper also discusses the South African Sexual Offences Court, sentencing for rape in the selected countries, and relevant case law. It concludes that South Africa (SA) has a generally good framework with respect to rape and marital rape, but the country should work more on the strict application of the laws in place. It also suggests that Nigeria should establish a sexual offences court using the South African model and should amend the Criminal Law to expressly criminalise marital rape.
SOUTH AFRICA’S INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 11: POLICY MISMATCH OR SUCCESS?
Authors: Angela van der Berg
Published: September 2021

This paper critically questions the extent to which the Integrated Urban Development Framework, 2016 (IUDF) provides for strategic goals and policy levers towards the pursuit of sustainable cities in South Africa as understood in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Specific emphasis will be placed on the nine identified policy levers in the IUDF and whether these correspond with what is identified in SDG 11 as essential for the pursuit and maintenance of sustainable cities. SDG 11 has been heralded as “path-breaking” as it represents the strongest recognition to date of the significant role of cities in promoting sustainability on local, national, and global scales. The goal forms part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted in 2015. SDG 11 specifically seeks to ensure that cities and human settlements become inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The goal provides a broad framework for what the achievement of sustainable cities entails and lists specific targets to be met by 2030 to ensure urban sustainability around the globe. The South African government recently developed its first policy underscoring the country’s national urban agenda. Informed by SDG 11, the IUDF calls for the effective and improved management of urban spaces and recognises the need for South African cities to become “liveable, safe, resource-efficient cities that are socially integrated, economically inclusive and globally competitive”.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FORECLOSURE LAW IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Angus Lloyd Hornigold
Published: September 2021

In South Africa, there is little authority on the relationship between the credit provider (bank) and the credit receiver (debtor) after a property has been declared executable and sold at an auction by the Sheriff of the Court following the debtor’s default on a loan underlying a mortgage bond. The Uniform Rules of Court may shortly be amended in order to allow a reserve price to be set at an auction. However, the bank may still be compelled to buy the property into possession (PIP) in order to preserve the asset so that it protects the interest of both itself and the debtor should this reserve price not be met by third party purchasers. This amendment is therefore unlikely to address the underlying problems that exist when a bank elects to buy a property at an auction. The authority that does exist provides that the banks stand in a different position vis-à-vis the debtor to that of a third party purchaser. Most notably, it provides that the bank has a duty to credit the proceeds of any sale, when the property is sold from its stock of PIPs to the account of the debtor. This appears to be correct, but there should be a sound theoretical foundation for this proposition. What further duties are owed to the debtor by the bank in these circumstances? In order to address this question, certain suggestions are made based on the New South Wales legal position.
Introducing the Copyright Anxiety Scale
Authors: Wakaruk Amanda , Gareau-Brennan Céline , Pietrosanu Matthew
Published: September 2021

Navigating copyright issues can be frustrating to the point of causing anxiety, potentially discouraging or inhibiting legitimate uses of copyright-protected materials. A lack of data about the extent and impact of these phenomena, known as copyright anxiety and copyright chill, respectively, motivated the authors to create the Copyright Anxiety Scale (CAS). This article provides an overview of the CAS’s development and validity testing. Results of an initial survey deployment drawing from a broad cross-section of respondents living in Canada and the United States (n = 521) establishes that the phenomenon of copyright anxiety is prevalent and likely associated with copyright chill.
Szombatos kéziratok vitája Christian Franckennel
Authors: Újlaki-Nagy Réka
Published: September 2021

A tizenhatodik század végének egyik leghírhedtebb aposztatája, a német szabadgondolkodó Christian Francken két ízben, az 1580-as évek közepén és végén is megfordult Erdélyben, ahol jelenlétével és működésével sokakban ellenszenvet váltott ki. Az őt elutasítók között egyedül a szombatosok voltak azok, akiknél ez terjedelmes írott szövegekben is formát öltött. Ennek társadalmi okát Pirnát Antal abban látta, hogy Francken eszméire egy olyan közeg volt leginkább nyitott, amely a szombatosok tanainak célközönsége és támogatója is volt egyben, tehát a potenciális érdeklődők köre átfedte egymást a szombatosokéval.
A Nyugat Kiadó egyik sorozatáról
Authors: Buda Attila , Borbás Andrea
Published: September 2021

Ez az írás kétarcú: kiadás- és irodalomtörténet egyszerre. Határátlépést hajt végre mindkét oldalra, hogy témáját jobban körüljárhassa. 1934 és 1936 között a Nyugat Kiadó hat kötetből álló, Mai külföldi dekameron című sorozatot jelentetett meg. Kötetei illeszkedtek ahhoz az elképzeléshez, amely a harmincas évek külföldi szerzőinek magyarra fordított műveit is bevonta a Nyugat olvasónak növelésébe, vagy legalábbis megtartásába, érdekes, a kor aktuális kérdéseihez, jelenségeihez kapcsolódó, azokat tárgyaló munkák közreadásával. Ez a sorozat azonban nem a semmiből pattant elő, felismerhető előzményei vannak a lap korábbi közleményeiben, valamint a kiadója által megjelentetett művekben.
Jacobus de Hungaria az arab tudomány megismerésének szószólója Elzászban a 15. században
Authors: Monok István
Published: September 2021

Minden történelmi kutatás közvetlen, vagy éppen indirekt módon, de a jelenkori kérdésekre válaszol. Nyugat-Európában divatnak is tekinthető az az igyekezet, zelum, amellyel az egyes országokban élő, főként liberális értelmiségiek igyekeznek bizonyítani, hogy az iszlám már történeti léptékben is jelen volt a nyugati keresztény közösségekben, építő módon járultak hozzá a közösség életéhez.
Katona József, Három színjáték, A’ Lutza széke, Aubigny Clementia, A Rózsa (1812‒1814), sajtó alá rendezte, a tanulmányokat és a jegyzeteket írta Demeter Júlia, Nagy Imre, Budapest, Balassi Kiadó, 2020
Authors: Szalisznyó Lilla
Published: September 2021

A mindössze harmincnyolc évet élt Katona József sokrétű hagyatékának ma már csak töredékét ismerjük. A versek, drámák, történelmi írások, dramaturgiai tanulmányok, ügyészi és egyéb iratok kéziratait 1844-ig az apa, idősebb Katona József őrizte. Halála után a többi családtag nem fordított különösebb gondot rájuk, a figyelemre méltóbbakat széthordták, elajándékozták, az értéktelennek ítélt darabokat pedig az író öccsének a bevallása szerint „gyújtónak s egyéb házi célokra használták fel”. A Bánk bán előtt írt drámák szerzői kéziratának többsége elveszett (vagy lappang), négy az apa, egy Balog István kézírásában hagyományozódott, hármat Udvarhelyi Miklós másoltatott le, néhányat pedig Miletz János mentett meg a 19. század második felében. A Miletznél lévő autográfok évtizedekkel később, 1898-ban egy budapesti antikváriumba, majd a kecskeméti levéltárba kerültek. A második világháború során a közgyűjtemény anyagát a Katona-kéziratok nagyobbik részével együtt védelmi célból Koháryszentlőrincen, a polgármesteri vadászlak pincéjében helyezték el, ahol 1944-ben megsemmisültek. A kutatás mai állása szerint a korai színművek közül egyedül a Jeruzsálem pusztulásának a fogalmazványa maradt ránk Katona kézírásában, a többi szövegét kiadásokból (Miletz János, Hajnóczy Iván) és színházi másolatokból, súgópéldányokból ismerjük.
MAIT Cell Expansion in Donor Mice v1
Authors: S C Hinks Timothy , van Wilgenburg Bonnie , Wang Huimeng , Loh Liyen , Koutsakos Marios , Kedzierska Katherine , J. Corbett Alexandra , Chen Zhenjun
Published: September 2021

This is part 3.1 of the "Study of MAIT Cell Activation in Viral Infections In Vivo" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: MAIT cells are abundant, highly evolutionarily conserved innate-like lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes microbially derived small intermediate molecules from the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. However, in addition to their TCR-mediated functions they can also be activated in a TCR-independent manner via cytokines including IL-12, -15, -18, and type I interferon. Emerging data suggest that they are expanded and activated by a range of viral infections, and significantly that they can contribute to a protective anti-viral response. Here we describe methods used to investigate these anti-viral functions in vivo in murine models. To overcome the technical challenge that MAIT cells are rare in specific pathogen-free laboratory mice, we describe how pulmonary MAIT cells can be expanded using intranasal bacterial infection or a combination of synthetic MAIT cell antigen and TLR agonists. We also describe protocols for adoptive transfer of MAIT cells, methods for lung homogenization for plaque assays, and surface and intracellular cytokine staining to determine MAIT cell activation. Abstract: MAIT cells are rare in specific pathogen-free mice [6], typically comprising about 1 x 104 recoverable pulmonary MAIT cells in an infection-naive adult C57BL/6 mouse. Therefore, for adoptive transfer experiments, the MAIT cell population should first be expanded using intranasal infection [15] or immunization (5-OP-RU with TLR agonists) [3, 15] (see Note 5). When planning the adoptive transfer experiment, estimate that one S. Typhimurium BRD509-infected mouse will yield 1–2 x 106 sorted MAITcells, which are enough for 10–20 recipient mice (105 MAIT cells/RAG2–/–γC–/– mouse in this case). Infect donor mice 7 days earlier than the adoptive transfer.
Viral Plaque Assay v1
Authors: S C Hinks Timothy , van Wilgenburg Bonnie , Wang Huimeng , Loh Liyen , Koutsakos Marios , Kedzierska Katherine , J. Corbett Alexandra , Chen Zhenjun
Published: September 2021

This is part 3.6 of the "Study of MAIT Cell Activation in Viral Infections In Vivo" collection of protocols. Collection Abstract: MAIT cells are abundant, highly evolutionarily conserved innate-like lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes microbially derived small intermediate molecules from the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. However, in addition to their TCR-mediated functions they can also be activated in a TCR-independent manner via cytokines including IL-12, -15, -18, and type I interferon. Emerging data suggest that they are expanded and activated by a range of viral infections, and significantly that they can contribute to a protective anti-viral response. Here we describe methods used to investigate these anti-viral functions in vivo in murine models. To overcome the technical challenge that MAIT cells are rare in specific pathogen-free laboratory mice, we describe how pulmonary MAIT cells can be expanded using intranasal bacterial infection or a combination of synthetic MAIT cell antigen and TLR agonists. We also describe protocols for adoptive transfer of MAIT cells, methods for lung homogenization for plaque assays, and surface and intracellular cytokine staining to determine MAIT cell activation. Abstract: Viral plaque assays are used to determine influenza viral titers. A diluted solution of egg-adapted Influenza A viruses/lung-infected tissue homogenates are applied to a six-well tissue culture dish containing a monolayer of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The infected MDCK cells grow under a semisolid overlay medium (agar) containing trypsin. A plaque is produced when a virus particle infects a cell, replicates, and then kills the cell. This process can be repeated several times as surrounding cells can be infected by newly replicated virus and killed. When visualized by eye, plaques appear as white spots. The assay is measured in PFU/mL.
Study of MAIT Cell Activation in Viral Infections In Vivo v1
Authors: S C Hinks Timothy , van Wilgenburg Bonnie , Wang Huimeng , Loh Liyen , Koutsakos Marios , Kedzierska Katherine , J. Corbett Alexandra , Chen Zhenjun
Published: September 2021

MAIT cells are abundant, highly evolutionarily conserved innate-like lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes microbially derived small intermediate molecules from the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. However, in addition to their TCR-mediated functions they can also be activated in a TCR-independent manner via cytokines including IL-12, -15, -18, and type I interferon. Emerging data suggest that they are expanded and activated by a range of viral infections, and significantly that they can contribute to a protective anti-viral response. Here we describe methods used to investigate these anti-viral functions in vivo in murine models. To overcome the technical challenge that MAIT cells are rare in specific pathogen-free laboratory mice, we describe how pulmonary MAIT cells can be expanded using intranasal bacterial infection or a combination of synthetic MAIT cell antigen and TLR agonists. We also describe protocols for adoptive transfer of MAIT cells, methods for lung homogenization for plaque assays, and surface and intracellular cytokine staining to determine MAIT cell activation.
Cell Lysis and Sonication v1
Authors: Makrantoni Vasso , Robertson Daniel , L. Marston Adele
Published: September 2021

A plethora of biological processes like gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA recombination, and chromosome segregation are mediated through protein–DNA interactions. A powerful method for investigating proteins within a native chromatin environment in the cell is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Combined with the recent technological advancement in next generation sequencing, the ChIP assay can map the exact binding sites of a protein of interest across the entire genome. Here we describe a-step-by step protocol for ChIP followed by library preparation for ChIP-seq from yeast cells.
Immunoprecipitation, Decross-linking, and DNA Extraction v1
Authors: Makrantoni Vasso , Robertson Daniel , L. Marston Adele
Published: September 2021

A plethora of biological processes like gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA recombination, and chromosome segregation are mediated through protein–DNA interactions. A powerful method for investigating proteins within a native chromatin environment in the cell is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Combined with the recent technological advancement in next generation sequencing, the ChIP assay can map the exact binding sites of a protein of interest across the entire genome. Here we describe a-step-by step protocol for ChIP followed by library preparation for ChIP-seq from yeast cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SEMANTIC COMPONENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL PROFILE OF ANOFFICER-PSYCHOLOGIST OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Yurkov A.
Published: September 2021

The professional profile of an officer-psychologist of the Armed Forces of Ukraine clearly defines the activities of specialist, the dominate type of activities in his work, and qualities that ensure the successful performing of duties. The professional profile of an officer-psychologist of the Armed Forces of Ukraine generally answers the following questions: what activity is analyzed and what is the subject and purpose of this activity, what are the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of professional activities; what are the factors that affect the psyche of military specialist; what are the special requirements for soldiers. According to the results of the questionnaire survey of experts the professionally important qualities of readiness of the officer-psychologist for professional activity in the Armed Forces were determined on the basis of the obtained and mathematically processed results of the questionnaire. The indicators of professionally important (necessary) qualities were determined, namely moral-volitional and emotional traits of an officer-psychologist of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The competencies, that are acquired during the formation of the readiness of future psychologists for professional activity in the Armed Forces and should be formed as a result of professional training, have been developed on the basis of scientific and practical analysis. They are the following: the navigate in difficult combat situations, the ability to take optimal decisions and set tasks to subordinate units in a combat situation based on the analysis of received information, the assessment of the situation and ability to provide tactical calculations, the ability to develop and maintain combat documents and records. The professional profile of the officer-psychologist of the Armed Forces of Ukraine clearly defines the activities of specialist, the dominate type of activities in his work, and qualities that ensure the successful performing of duties. The training of a modern officer-psychologist of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is aimed at ensuring the harmonious development of the personality of an officer of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, that implies the development of all potential opportunities inherent in a specialist. The military psychologist should be prepared for the practical activities as a result of mastering of professional knowledge, skills and abilities (planned result of education), theoretical competence, the formation of professional competencies of a soldier.
Design and Analysis of Mathematical Model for the Concentration of Pollution and River Water Quality
Authors: Rati Bajpai, Hari Om Sharan
Published: September 2021

This paper mainly focuses on the recent advances in the mathematical models that provide the ability to predict the contaminant concentration levels of river water. The study represents an attempt for the researchers to study the problem of pollution, and we think that these mathematical analyses would provide better planning for water quality control. The model consists of a pair of coupled reaction Advection-diffusion equations for the pollutant and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Numerical solutions are obtained and some important inferences are drawn through simulation study. The Advection-Diffusion equation is characterized by the reaction term whenever it depends on concentration of the contaminants and in this case the original single Advection-diffusion equation will evolve to be a system of equations. It is no ticked that the higher are diffusion and reaeration coefﬁcients, the faster is the river purity.
The current state of the doctrine of the etiology of typhus
Authors: Aristovsky V. M.
Published: September 2021

In connection with the modern European war, and also in view of the well-known fact of the extraordinary development of typhus epidemics in wartime, both in the ranks of active armies and among prisoners of war, in recent years among doctors there has been a significant increase in interest in the etiology of typhus. This interest, in addition, was largely fueled by those reports in the special literature that were made by a number of authors, and in particular Nicoll and his students, who published the results of their work and observations during the typhus epidemic in Tunisia.
Vaccination experiments for typhus.
Authors: Aristovsky V. M.
Published: September 2021

The first attempts to protect a person from falling ill with typhus were made by Nicolle, as well as by the American researchers Gavino and Girard. These authors used the blood of typhus patients as an inoculum, based on the fact that an unknown causative agent of the disease is undoubtedly contained in the blood of an infected organism.
On the cultivation of the spirochete Obermeiera.
Authors: Aristovsky V. M.
Published: September 2021

Currently, we know several types of human blood spirochetes. The best studied are the following four species: 1) spirochete Obermeier'a, or spir. recurrentis, the causative agent of European relapsing fever, discovered Obe g me ie th in 1873, 2) spiroch. Duttoni, the causative agent of the African form of relapsing fever, discovered by Ros S'OM and Mi1Pe'om, as well as Dutton'OM and Todd'oM in 1904, 3) spiroch. Kochi, discovered in 1905
To the theory of bronchial asthma
Authors: Luria R. A.
Published: September 2021

In bronchial asthma, most authors now see, as is known, a kind of neurosis of the respiratory apparatus, and they accept that asthma attacks are the result of specific irritation of the respiratory center (Briigelmann, Hoffman)
Experiments in human vaccination against relapsing fever
Authors: Aristovsky V. M. , Weinstein А. B.
Published: September 2021

Our modern ideas about the pathogenesis and immunity in relapsing fever, we owe to numerous scientific studies of a number of scientists who have worked in this field since the discovery by Obermeier, in 1873, of the spirochete of relapsing fever.
On the issue of functional diagnostics of the adrenal glands
Authors: Cheboksarov M. N. , Malkin Z/ I.
Published: September 2021

Diagnosis of adrenal diseases is one of the most difficult issues of internal pathology. If even an inexperienced doctor can easily recognize the classic form of Addison's disease, then various forms of hyper- and hypofunction of the adrenal glands are not easy to account for for a major specialist.
Allergic and anaphylactic processes in infectious diseases
Authors: Agafonov A. F.
Published: September 2021

The problem of allergy and its role in the immuno-biological changes of the body are enormous, which explains the intense attention of scientific thought that has been and is being paid to this problem. The state of hypersensitivity of the organism and, in particular, anaphylaxis at the beginning of his study seemed a paradoxical phenomenon, sharply different and diametrically opposite to the state of immunity.
Bacteriology and serotherapy of acute appendicitis. W einher g, Prévot, Davesne and Renard (Ann. De1 Inst. Past., 1028, no. 10)
Authors: Sergeev V.
Published: September 2021

On the basis of material covering over 200 cases of acute appendicitis, among which a third belonged to the gangrenous form, they found, contrary to the statement of some authors
Professor P.I. Karuzin. Dictionary of anatomical terms. With the attachment of brief notes on the Latin and Greek languages and a biographical dictionary of scientists. P. 292. Moscow-Leningrad, State Publishing House, 1928. Bound price 5 rubles 25 kopecks
Authors: Breitman М. Ya.
Published: September 2021

One cannot but welcome the appearance of this "Dictionary of Anatomical Terms". As you know, more than 20 years ago, the teaching of Greek was stopped in "classical" gymnasiums, and about 10 years have passed since Latin was also excluded from the subjects of secondary school teaching.
Society of Physicians at Kazan University. Physiological section. 12th Session 27 / XI
Authors: Gusev A.
Published: September 2021

Dr. I. I. Tsvetkov: Influence of the gonads on the bone zyuzg and peripheral blood. Observations of changes in Hb, Er, Fi, reticulocytes and platelets, as well as the rate of recovery of Er and Hb after bloodletting and hemolysis, in castrated, splenectomized and underwent both operations of animals of different sexes and ages
Meetings of medical societies. Rhino-laryngo-otiatric section
Authors: Oyfebach I.
Published: September 2021

Doctor M. S. Gruzdkova: On the connection between the ozena and the accessory nasal cavities.
Meetings of medical societies. Tuberculosis section
Authors: Oyfebac I.
Published: September 2021

Dr. MI Oyfebakh: Organizational issues of building an anti-tuberculosis organization at the IV All-Union Congress in Tiflis.
Meetings of medical societies. Hygienic section. Session 6 / XI
Authors: Los L.
Published: September 2021

Dr. P. A. Mekhonoshin: Sanitary inspection of dwellings of the rural population of the Zvenigovsky and Morkinsky cantons of the Mariob region.
On the ratio of conditioned and unconditioned saliva secretion on well-formed conditioned reflexes
Authors: Volovik A. B.
Published: September 2021

For the formation of conditioned reflexes, as is known, the coincidence of the conditioned stimulus in time with the unconditioned one, for example, with food, is required. If reflexes have already been formed, that is, the food reaction in children opening the mouth and the separation of saliva appears after the onset of the action of the conditioned stimulus, then in order for them not to fade away, the action of the conditioned stimulus must be reinforced by giving some food substance, which causes child a series of chewing movements and increased salivation, unconditioned secretion of saliva. Thus, in our experiments, we have the opportunity to take into account the values ​​of both conditioned and unconditioned salivation and their relationship to each other. As is known, a conditioned secretory reaction is composed of several moments: the energy from a conditioned external stimulus is transformed into a nervous process of irritation, which captures a certain group of cells of a particular analyzer in the cerebral cortex. Then this irritation is carried out, apparently, to the food center and further to the centers of salivation, which cause the salivary glands to function. The intensity of conditioned salivation depends, therefore, on the excitability of the cells of the cerebral hemispheres and further on the food center. If the conditioned stimulus evokes a weak stimulus process in the corresponding part of the cortex, then it is clear that the conditioned secretion of saliva is also low. A decrease in the excitability of the food center also leads to a significant weakening of conditioned reflex activity.
Heart as a secondary organ of blood circulation
Authors: Raysky S. M.
Published: September 2021

Mendelsohn Zeit, fr.Kreislauff., 1928, No. 19), based on the fact that during the ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of a higher animal organism, we see the performance of all complex metabolic functions by one primary cell, the formation of formed elements in the plasma in parallel with the growing need of the organism for oxygen, the gradual formation of lymphatic tubes and the differentiation of blood vessels from them, finally, the formation of a thickening in one place of the vascular bed giving rise to the heart, considers blood circulation as one of the functions of general juice circulation (Saft-Umlauf), the heart as a secondary organ in the circulatory system and many heart diseases, like impaired circulation and subsequent blood circulation.
The question of nonspecific epididymitis
Authors: Yasnitsky N.
Published: September 2021

The question of nonspecific epididymitis is examined in detail in the article by Pechersky (Vener. And Derm., 1928, No. 1). The author casts doubt on the correctness of the previously existing opinion that nonspecific epididymitis is a very rare disease, based on the study of literature data, from which it is clear that an increase in the incidence of this disease has been observed recently. For 2 years, the author himself observed 52 cases of nonspecific epididymitis (1/6 of all epididymitis that were under his supervision), where gonorrhea and syphilis could be safely excluded. Etiologically nonspecific epididymitis is a collective concept covering cases of various origins. Of all the theories explaining its development, the most recognized, according to the author, is infectious. Bacteriological studies of a number of authors have undoubtedly established the presence of microbial flora in the anterior and posterior urethra of people who have never had gonorrhea before. The author tries to explain the origin of nonspecific epididymitis by entering the vas deferens of this flora from the urethra and bringing it into the appendages by antiperistaltic movements of the ducts. Clinically, nonspecific epididymitis are distinguished by their relative benignity and subacute course without violent inflammation.