bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extensive Review on the Exploration of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and its Associated Infections
Authors: Rawat Pallavi , Chauhan Vidya , Chaudhary Juhi , Chauhan Neha
Published: March 2023

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections are common and remain a significant public health problem. The increasing cases of non-typhoidal Salmonella confirmed cases in past years from the United States, Europe, and low-income countries indicated that control programs aimed at inhibiting the contamination of food animals along the food chain had been largely ineffective. The majority of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections are mild gastroenteritis that rarely demands antimicrobial treatment. Salmonella is a gram-negative, multidrug-resistant, facultatively anaerobe bacterium. Salmonella is composed of approximately 2500 serotypes among which Salmonella enterica is responsible for more than 99% of human salmonellosis and morbidity. Salmonella enterica is an enteropathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from animals that are responsible for zoonotic infections in humans, animals, and birds. Children who are young or immunocompromised, as well as those with underlying health issues like sickle cell disease, are highly susceptible to invasive disease. Antimicrobial treatment might be needed in case of invasive infections like meningitis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in non-typhoidal Salmonella is a worrying concern in the 21st century. This review specifies various non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes infections and their cases.
Isolation and Screening of Dye Degrading Lignocellulolytic Bacteria from Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem, West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Somnath , Sinha Nilothpal , Sen Mitun , Ghosh Dipankar
Published: March 2023

The present research work was carried out on isolating lignocellulolytic enzyme-producing natural bacterial isolates of the Sundarban Mangrove ecosystem in West Bengal, India. Multiple bacterial isolations and qualitative as well as quantitative screening of the isolates was conducted by selective media plates and dye decolorization assay. Growth characterization of the top three isolates, namely GD1, GD2, and GD3, was determined in both nutrient broth and selective media. GD1 showed laccase activity in ABTS plate and decolorized congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue by 64.82%, 47.69%, and 33.33%, respectively, which is the inherent property of laccase. Along with the maximum laccase activity (9.72U/L), it also showed a little amount of cellulase (5.8U/ml) and pectinase (0.55U/ml) activity in the enzyme assay. GD2 showed maximum cellulase activity (6.56U/ml) with only 3.3% degradation of congo red and 39.43% degradation of malachite green. Like GD1, GD2 also bears 5.6U/L laccase and 0.12U/ml pectinase enzyme activity. The last isolate, GD3 specialized in pectinase production and having 4.4U/ml enzyme activity, degraded congo red by 66.75% and malachite green by 54.26%.All isolates showed activity between 30° and 37°C, and pH ranges from 4.5 to 7. The outcomes of this research will be useful in the fiber industry like jute or banana, dye industry, pulp-paper industry, and textile industry for waste remediation, recycling, and fiber modification.
Protocol based Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Endo-Urologic Surgeries: An Attempt to Convince the Surgeons to Follow the Guidelines
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Arsalan  , Chaudhary Bhanu , Atiq-ur Rehman  , Khan Fatima , Sultan Asfia
Published: March 2023

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) prevents infectious complications during surgery by administering an effective antimicrobial agent before surgery. There is, however, lack of adherence to the standard SAP administration protocol. We reviewed 576 surgeries and find that cefuroxime/cefazolin was used as SAP in less than 31% of surgeries followed by ceftriaxone and cefoperazone. In 61% of cases, SAP was continued for more than 24 hours and in 2/3rd more than one SAP was prescribed, we noted the best SAP compliance was for the timing of pre-operative dosage. We then selected a unit of urology and applied the recommended SAP protocol, and monitored the patient’s outcome. All the surgeries were endoscopic urological procedures and our protocol was effective in 97.7% of patients. Out of 89, 78(87.6%) surgeries went uneventful, whereas 11 (12.4%) had post-operative complications. Two out of 89 (2.2%) cases had UTI post-operatively which was considered as surgical site infection. following the EAU guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis reduced antibiotic use without increasing postoperative infection rates and SAP should be followed as per the standard guidelines in other units also. This small study is a way forward for our HICC team to motivate other surgeons to follow the guidelines and become antimicrobial stewardship champions. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing and successfully implementing such protocols.
Advanced Key Foundations of Multiagent System
Authors: Purushotham Dr. M
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Ethics is inherently a multiagent concern. However, analysis on AI ethics nowadays is dominated by work on individual agents: (1) however Associate in Nursing autonomous golem or automotive could hurt or (differentially) profit folks in theoretical things (the questionable tramcar problems) and (2) how a machine learning formula could turn out biased choices or recommendations. The social group framework is basically omitted. To develop new foundations for ethics in AI, we tend to adopt a sociotechnical stance during which agents (as technical entities) facilitate autonomous social entities or principals (people and organizations). This multiagent conception of a sociotechnical system (STS) captures however moral considerations arise within the mutual interactions of multiple stakeholders. These foundations would modify USA to understand ethical STSs that incorporate social and technical controls to respect stated moral postures of the agents within the STSs. The visualized foundations need new thinking, on 2 broad themes, on how to realize (1) Associate in STS that reflects its stakeholders’ values and (2) individual agents that perform effectively in such Associate in STS.
Multiethnic Society in the Concept of Transformational Justice: Case Study of Salatiga City
Authors: Sonny Martri , Nurjaya I Nyoman , Endrawati Lucky , Afandi Fachrizal
Published: March 2023

This study aims to see the harmony of diversity in Salatiga City using the concept of transformational justice. Transformational justice is a proposed type of justice model from F. Budi Hardiman, based on Derrida's theory of deconstructivism and Juergen Habermas's discourse theory. This is socio-legal research, studying law empirically by elaborating law with data in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study present what things make Salatiga City a Tolerant City. With the various results presented, the researcher then discussed them with Hardiman's perspective regarding the concept of transformational justice. The results of the study show that the transformative features of various elements in the society of Salatiga City in terms of pre-political social existence are not eliminated in public dialogue.
Antibacterial Activity of Cocoa Leaf Extract Theobroma cacao L. Against Acne-Causing Bacteria Cutibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Sartika Gunawan Putri  , Sutriani Kaliu
Published: March 2023

Cocoa plantation waste (Theobroma cacao L.), cocoa leaves are increasingly abundant, with efforts to increase cocoa production by trimming the shape. The Ladongi sub-district in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, which produces the most cocoa beans, is also not spared from this. Cocoa leaves have not been used optimally, even though their phytochemical components have the potential as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of cocoa leaf extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against acne-causing  Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The method used is the disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The results showed that cocoa leaf extract had the potential as an antibacterial against acne-causing bacteria, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis with respectively the best inhibitory concentration of 25%, 19mm, and 22mm.
Hubungan Motivasi, Kelelahan, dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) Bunda Jakarta Tahun 2019
Authors: Pradnya Paramita  , Dewi Sri Rahayuningsih
Published: March 2023

Berdasarkan data performance appraisal di RSIA Bunda Jakarta tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa persentase perawat yang memiliki kinerja buruk sebanyak 124 orang (55,6%) dan yang memiliki kinerja baik sebanyak 99 orang (44,4%). Dan pada tahun 2017 menunjukkan persentase perawat yang memiliki kinerja buruk sebanyak 64 orang (36,2%) dan yang memiliki kinerja baik sebanyak 113 orang (63,8%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi, kelelahan, dan beban kerja terhadap kinerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Bunda Jakarta pada bulan Februari 2019. Penelitian analitik kuantitatif menggunakan metode cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 72 orang perawat di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Jakarta. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara motivasi (p 0,001), kelelahan (p 0,038), dan beban kerja (p 0,001). Hasil multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kinerja perawat adalah motivasi dan beban kerja (P<0,005). Variabel beban kerja merupakan variabel yang paling dominan dengan Exp (β) terbesar sebesar 5,625.
The Relation of TMPRSS2 Gene Polymorphism to COVID-19 Severity of Indonesian Population in Jakarta
Authors: Erlin Listiyaningsih  , Rizkyana Avissa  , Shinta Dewi Permata Sari  , Wening Tri Mawanti  , Dewi Martalena
Published: March 2023

Background: The COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has diverse symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic, mild symptoms such as flu-like illness and pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which ends in death. Until now, the mechanism of the COVID-19 disease that causes widespread symptoms and the severity and factors that influence it are still unclear. During viral internalization, it needs to be cleaved by the serine protease encoded by the TMPRSS2 gene. It is hypothesized that higher expression of the TMPRSS2 gene causes higher virus internalization into cells, leading to more severe symptoms in patients. Methods: The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotype Test was carried out to prove whether the TMPRSS2 gene affects the severity of COVID-19, as evidenced in other viral respiratory diseases. With a better understanding of gene expression related to this disease, it is hoped that we can better understand the mechanism of COVID-19 and establish better therapies and prevention against it. In this study, 68 COVID-19 patients participated and were categorized into two groups based on their clinical symptoms, namely mild symptoms without symptoms (n=12) and Moderate-Severe symptoms (n=56). PBMC cells were isolated from the patient. Then the DNA was extracted and used as a template in the SNP Genotyping of the TMPRSS2 rs2070788 gene variant. Results: The results showed that 35 samples had A/A homozygous genotypes, 29 A/G heterozygous samples, and 4 G/G homozygous samples. n=29) and heterozygous A/G (n=23), whereas only 4 were homozygous G/G. In addition, the homozygous G/G genotype was only detected in the moderate-severe group. Conclusions: A more significant number of samples from the asymptomatic mild symptom group is needed to statistically prove that homozygous G/G variants or G alleles are generally associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients.
Keanekaragaman Suku Asteraceae di Pinggir Danau Ranu Gumbolo Tulungagung
Authors: Husna Nadiyyatul , Ashnaful Ma'rifah Winda , Elvira Lilis Ilma , Azizah Wahyuningsih  , Berliana Ayu Febriani  , Indra Fardhani
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang: Asteraceae banyak tumbuh di kawasan wisata Danau Ranu Gumbolo Tulungagung dan tidak terlalu diperhatikan karena hanya dianggap sebagai tanaman liar. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan tanaman ini bisa lebih optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman spesies suku Asteraceae di tepi Danau Ranu Gumbolo, Tulungagung. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah menjelajahi setiap sudut lokasi pengamatan dan menghitung indeks keragamannya. Hasil: Sebanyak 8 spesies suku Asteraceae telah diidentifikasi di Danau Ranu Gumbolo, termasuk Blumea balsamifera, Sphagneticola trilobata, Grangea maderaspatana, Ageratina Riparia, Ageratum conyzoides, Emilia sonchifolia, Tridax procumbens, dan Eupatorium odoratum. Perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa spesies suku Asteraceae di lokasi pengamatan memiliki keanekaragaman yang tinggi yaitu 1,9. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan pengetahuan baru tentang keanekaragaman tumbuhan suku Asteraceae, yang dapat digunakan oleh pembaca atau peneliti sebagai sumber atau referensi. Hasil pengamatan ini dapat menjadi nilai tambah yang berbeda bagi wisata Danau Ranu Gumbolo Tulungagung dan menjadi daya tarik bagi wisatawan.
Petunjuk Pelatihan Penyusunan Kisi-Kisi Soal dan Penilaian Akhir Bagi Guru-Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah se-Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Kanthi Pamungkas Sari  , Norma Dewi Shalikah  , Irham Nugroho  , Ahwy Oktaradiksa  , Minzani Aufa  , Muis Sad Imam
Published: March 2023

Background: Pada Penilaian Akhir Semester (PAS) maupun Penilaian Akhir Tahun (PAT), setiap Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) wajib merujuk pada aturan-aturan yang ditetapkan oleh Dirjen Pendis Kementrian Agama serta Keputusan Kepala Kanwil Kementrian Agama Propinsi masing-masing dan setiap MI memiliki kewenangan menyelenggarakan secara mandiri.  Namun dalam praktiknya masih ditemui sejumlah kendala dalam penyusunan kisi-kisi dan soal baik untuk PAS dan PAT, terjadi keragaman persepsi sehingga terjadi penggunaan alat ukur yang berbeda. Tujuan kegiatan ini tersosialisasinya prosedur penyusunan kisi-kisi untuk penilaian akhir, dan tersusunnya soal-soal PAS dan PAT Metode: Mitra dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah Majlis Dikdasmen PDM Kabupaten Magelang, peserta 52 orang Guru MIM. Tahapan kegiatan meliputi: melakukan persiapan, proses pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil: Respon peserta sangat baik, selama kegiatan pelatihan berlangsung semua peserta mengikuti dari awal sampai selesai dengan aktif dan antusias. Pada sesi praktik peserta dibagi 4 kelompok, hasilnya 3 kelompok mampu melengkapi kisi-kisi dan menyusun soal dengan baik, dan satu kelompok belum menyelesaikan sampai tuntas. Kesimpulan: Kegiatan ini bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dalam penyusunan kisi-kisi soal dan soal PAS, PAT.
Pendampingan, Pembuatan dan Pemanfaan Alat Permainan Tradisional Egrang Bagi Masyrakat Milenial
Authors: Muhtarom Herdin , Firdaus Nur Cahyo , Isal Nur , Muzaki Muhammad Ikhsan , Supriyanti Melina , Rahayu Mila Nursindi , Jumardi Jumardi
Published: March 2023

Background: Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Maja, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Salah satu daerah yang menjadi lokasi dilaksanakannya Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN-Dik) Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Uhamka. Tercatat dalam data terdapat beberapa sekolah yang ada di Desa Mekarari mulai dari SD, Madrasah Aliyah, SMK, dan SMA. Pesatnya modernisasi di era sekarang, membuat banyak perubahan dan kebiasaan yang berubah, seperti banyaknya anak-anak di Desa Mekarsari yang cenderung memilih memainkan gadget untuk bermain game online atau sosial media dibadingkan dengan permainan tradisional. Padahal permainan tradisional memiliki nilai-nilai budaya dan bisa menjadikan anak-anak kreatif. Untuk itu kami kelompok 8 KKN-Dik melakukan program kerja untuk memperkenalkan mainan tradisional egrang kepada anak-anak di desa Mekarsari. Metode: Penyuluhan tentang permainan tradisional egrang kepada anak-anak secara langsung, mengedukasi dan melatih cara menggunakan permainan tradisonal egrang kepada anak-anak. Hasil: Program kerja yang dilakukan kelompok kami dapat dikatakan berhasil karena bisa menarik perhatian dan antusisas anak-anak di Desa Mekarsari untuk berlatih permainan egrang dan sekaligus belajar tentang sejarah permainan tradisional egrang. Kesimpulan: Dengan diperkenalkannya mainan tradisional egrang kepada anak-anak di desa Mekarsasi bertujuan agar eksistensi permainan tradisional tetap dilestarikan oleh anak-anak Milenial karena merupakan warisan nenek moyang.
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Bisnis Dan Aspek Legalitas Pada Kelompok UKM Produsen Brem Di Desa Bancong, Kecamatan Wonoasri, Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Arrizal Nizam Zakka , Sari Siska Diana , Kharisma Bintang Ulya , Eviningrum Sulistya , Hasanah Karuniawati , Widyawati Ida , Sofyantoro Sofyantoro
Published: March 2023

Background: Setiap pelaku usaha bisnis menempatkan kepentingan bisnis di prioritas utama. Masih ada beberapa aspek lain yang perlu difikir dan diikutsertakan diantaranya aspek hukum dan manajemen khususnya bagi pelaku usaha brem di wilayah Kabupaten Madiun. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk mengadakan penyuluhan dan pendampingan terkait Pengelolaan Bisnis dan Aspek Legalitas Pada Kelompok UKM Produsen Brem Di Desa Bancong Metode: Pengabdian dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan pendampingan berdasarkan yuridis-empiris. Hasil: Aspek hukum dan aspek manajemen sangat penting bagi penyelenggaraan kegiatan bisnis UKM. Aspek hukum pada UKM terkait bentuk badan usaha, perizinan, kekaryawanan atau SDM (sumber daya manusia), perjanjian/kontrak, pertanahan, jaminan kesehatan, permodalan dan kekayaan intelektual seperti merek. Aspek manajemen pada UKM terkait dengan keberadaan tata kelola perusahaan, struktur organisasi, bussiness plan, audit perusahaan, pemasaran, pembukuan, dan pertanggung jawaban/laporan. Aspek hukum pada UKM terkait bentuk badan usaha, perizinan, kekaryawanan atau SDM (sumber daya manusia), perjanjian/kontrak, pertanahan, jaminan kesehatan, permodalan dan kekayaan intelektual seperti merek sedangkan Aspek manajemen pada UKM terkait dengan keberadaan tata kelola perusahaan, struktur organisasi, bussiness plan, audit perusahaan, pemasaran, pembukuan, dan pertanggung jawaban/laporan.
Edukasi “Dating Violence” Untuk Meningkatkan Kesehatan Reproduksi Pada Siswa Smk N 2 Slawi Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Harnawati Riska Arsita , Adevia Maulidya Chikmah  , Istiqomah Dwi Andari  , Mutiarawati
Published: March 2023

Background: Dating Violence is an act of threats by someone in a relationship of abusive behavior to control a partner. In Indonesia, one in five adolescents experiences sexual violence, and 32% of adolescents in grades 7-12 report having experienced dating violence. This service aims to provide information related to dating violence that is useful for maintaining reproductive health. Methods: Activities are carried out in 3 stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. At the implementation stage, pretest, counseling, and posttest were carried out on 50 students. The service was carried out at SMK N 2 Slawi, Tegal Regency. Results: Increased information about dating violence. And the hope is that youth cadres are formed that can provide information about dating violence and how to deal with it. Conclusion: Students enthusiastically follow the material presented and obtain information about dating violence.
Хорго вулканы үүсэл, хэлбэрийн онцлог
Authors: Э.Алтанболд  , Х.Уламбадрах
Published: March 2023

The book, Cenozoic alkaline basalts of Mongolia and their deep inclusion, volcano existing during Cenozoic was firstly written by V.V.Kepejenskas in 1979 was the first comprehensive monograph including integration of results in many years. The aim of my paper is to define volcanic origin of the Khorgo as the one representative and its morphology or landscape based on such monograph. In Mongolia, there is nothing about study on morphological features by volcanic activity. There are much morphology formed due to effusive effect of lava with basic content in which it’s very crucial to find out which type of morphology had been distributed and relation between origin preferring Khorgo volcanic issues. Thickness of crust of Tariat volcano was 45 km during its activity (Stoch, Kopylova 1995; Ionov 2002). Harris (2009) Due to the ground hot spot, continent became thinner resulted as Khangai magmatic activity.Many intermissive breakdowns through earth crust were formed here. Therefore, due to such formation of intermissive breakdown or one of the main breakdown extending from north-west to south east became stream for basic lava resulted in formation of Khorgo volcano. Lava stream consisting of silicon oxide less than 45% and predominant kali content with fluidity formed as barrier blocking the Suman river valley which led to the formation of Terkhiin Tsagaan lake. Research showed that it was lava elevation among morphologies formed by lava with basic content. The steepness of crater of Khorgo volcano is around 45 degrees while its depth and diameters are 100 m and 500 m respectively. Scientists have predicted that the age. Khorgo volcano as approximately 1.8-2.0 million years in quaternary. Therefore, it’s needed to precise the age of its rocks.
Монгол орны тектоник хагарлын системийг геосоронзон гажлын орноор үнэлсэн дүн
Authors: Б.Даариймаа  , Ц.Баатарчулуун
Published: March 2023

Magnetic anomaly map of Mongolia and its directional derivative maps were used to estimate the some fault parameters of different types of faults in the Mongolian territory. Direction and location of majority of faults, including deep-seated faults, were determined in good accordance with geomagnetic anomaly and its horizontal and vertical derivative maps. Also, some probable faults have been investigated according to the geomagnetic anomaly peculiarities.
Агаарын геофизикийн судалгааны ажлын эдийн засгийн урьдчилсан тооцоо
Authors: З.Ганбаатар  , Э.Ганхүү
Published: March 2023

There is still unexplored areas left in total surface of Mongolia by airborne geophysical survey. In today’s world, the necessity of airborne geophysical survey is increasing; Mongolian experts are in search of opportunities to explore the total surface area of the country using technological advances. Time frame required for research and cost analysis in comparison with other similar project are discussed in this article.
Монгол орны голоцены үеийн байгаль орчны өөрчлөлт, хурдас хуримтлалын онцлог
Authors: Ц.Оюунчимэг  , Ж.Батсүх
Published: March 2023

The investigations presented in this paper focus on the reconstruction of Holocene environmental change in Mongolia based on published paleoclimate records, including lake sediments, lake levels, pollen records and eolian sediment records. These data indicate that the early Holocene of Mongolia is characterized by increasing temperature and humidity. The mid Holocene is characterized by enhanced aridity, and during late Holocene humidity increased, evaporation decreased.
Cэргээгдэх эрчим хүчийг дэмжих замаар эрчим хүчний үйлдвэрлэлээс үүсэх хүлэмжийн хийн ялгарлыг бууруулах боломж
Authors: Д.Сандэлгэр  , С.Эрдэнэсүх
Published: March 2023

Share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by energy production sector are about 30% in total GHG emission by Mongolia while it is about 60% of total emissions by the total energy sector. Thus, this study presents some results of potential emission reductions of greenhouse gas by the energy production sector based on the increase in the share of renewable in electricity production using greenhouse gas emission data, demographic end economic data of Mongolia, energy balance data, and transport data are taken from national and international various sources. LEAP model that plans future of energy sector and some scientific tools were used for the computation of projection of GHG emission and its reduction for a period from 2010 to 2030.
Geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic setting of the Cretaceous volcanic rocks in east Mongolia
Authors: Bars Amarjargal , Togtokh Khasmaral , Miao Laicheng , Zhang Fochin , Baatar Munkhtsengel , Anand Chimedtseren
Published: March 2023

Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in East Mongolia exhibit high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series and display features of bimodal-like volcanic with a mafic and felsic members. The mafic member is composed mainly of trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite, with a minor amount of trachyandesite. The mafic rocks have elevated incompatible trace element concentrations and significantly negative Nb-Ta and Ti anomalies, features of typical subduction-related magmas, distinguished from OIBs. The mafic magmas have undergone fractional crystallization dominated by pyroxene and/or olivine and crustal contamination. The mafic magma was derived from low-degree partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle source that might have been metasomatized by subduction-derived fluids. The felsic member consists of trachydacite and rhyolite. The geochemical data indicate they produced from partial melting of a crustal source that is dominated by juvenile mafic rocks. Our new K-Ar dating and previous age data demonstrated that the late Mesozoic volcanism in East Mongolia took place during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous at between 156-99 Ma. The model of the arc‒back-arc extension possibly induced by slab roll-back of the westward (paleo) Pacific-subduction can explain the geodynamic setting and the eastward young trend of the late Mesozoic volcanism in East Mongolia and its adjacent NE China.
Geology and ore composition studies of Dulaan khar uul poly metal deposit
Authors: Bayaraa Tamir , Dangindorj Dorjgotov , B. Lkhagvatseren
Published: March 2023

Dulaan khar uul deposit is situated in the NW of the Deluun-Sagsay metallogenic zone, identified within Devonian rift-like structure of Western Mongolia. As for geologic settings, it consists of Devonian Baast uul, Otog formation bimodal volcanic, sedimentary, tufogenic rock units and spatially and genetically interrelated subvolcanic units. The poly metal mineralization develops lenses, layers and vein-like bodies within NE-SW-directed quartz-sericite metasomatite zones extending 700m in length and 300m in width. As a result of geological survey there are identified totally five ore bodies and three of which (id no. I, II-1 and II) are exposed at the surface while the ore bodies no. III and IV are concealed. The ore body no. I continues 600m in extension and dips into the west with an angle of 48-72o. As well, along the dip it extends up to 210m and ranges from 1.33m to 12.2m in width; the oxidation zone is approx.50m in thickness. The ore body no. II contains most of the ore resources and marginally converges into the depth of 50-100m. It also shapes like lenses with dipping angle of 36-87o to the west and occurs in 600m in length extension along strike and extends 350m along dip; the thickness ranges between 0.5m and 18.0m. The ore body no. II-1 exists between the ore bodies no. I and II and is 350m in extension along strike direction and up to 300m along dipping. This vein-like body extends with dipping angle of 51-73o; the thickness ranges from 0.5m to 19.3m. The ore body no. III is concealed in the depth interval of 150-200m below the surface, extends 600m along strike with the thickness of 10.94m. It dips toward the NW with dipping angles of 45-70o as split veins and plates. The ore body no. IV is in 350m in strike length extension and 80m along dipping. The thickness is between 1.15m and 18.3m.  The mineral composition of the deposit ore is characterized by mainly sphalerite and galena with pyrite, slight amount of chalcopyrite, occasionally tennantite, marcasite, ilmenite, cerussite, smithsonite, hematite, malachite, arsenopyrite, siderite, gold etc. Two types of sphalerite are identified: (Zn, Fe)S, marmanite with iron and (ZnS) native zin sulfide cleiophane.
Суралцагчдын лекц сонсож, тэмдэглэх чадварыг хөгжүүлэх асуудалд (Академик англи хэл-Харилцах дадал 3 хичээлийн жишээн дээр)
Authors: A. Ariunaa , Sh. Chuluuntsetseg
Published: March 2023

This article provides some review of literature related to lecture note-taking as a beneficial strategy to increase students’ ability to remember, understand and recall the listening material. Note-taking is considered as one of the most important tools in academic lecture listening. The present study investigates the effects of note-taking on listening comprehension and recall of lecture information provided in Academic English Oral Communication classes. The study was conducted among 4 groups consisting of 93 upper-intermediate level students of NUM and post tests were taken after each listening task. The findings are presented.
Суралцагчдад шинэ үг хэллэгийг эзэмшүүлэх нь
Authors: B. Ganchuluun
Published: March 2023

Vocabulary for foreign language is a major “building material”. Researchers think that if acquired word resource was not sufficient it’s difficult to gain other language properties. To acquire new words together Chinese students are required to memorize things such as a word pronunciation and harmony, chinese charecter scratch and meaning in complex. Therefore, we aimed to give briefly on this article how to teach new words and phrases to students and increase their word resource based on the scientist research and experiments.
Герман хэлний оны онцлох үг “flüchtlinge”- ийн тухайд
Authors: Ts. Dorjnyambuu
Published: March 2023

A word as a basic lexical unit may contain “nonlinguistic” multiple meanings beside its meanings provided in the dictionary. This linguistic phenomenon is illustrated in the following example of “Flüchtlinge” word of the year in German language.
Хэлний бодлого төлөвлөлтийн асуудал ба монгол хэлний хөгжил
Authors: O. Myagmarsuren
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the article deals with the role of language development and language planning with terminology work. One way of developing a language is to understand subtleties of developed languages. To measure language development some criteria are suggested: terminologization, increasing of precision, standardization, reducing of loan-words and increasing of scientific concepts in native language. We need terminology standardization to express individual terms in single definitions and understandings of concepts throughout the world. But in most of our professional fields, there is no standard of term translated and interpreted. In large-scale scientific literature translation in which many people are involved, inconsistency in the translation of the same terminology is inevitable.

This paper carried out a comprehensive analysis to terminology definition inconsistency, finding that most are terminology with same meaning but different concepts and definition.
Бээжин дэх төрийн хөвгүүдийн сургууль болон Монголын түүхэнд холбогдох нэгэн чулуун хөшөөний бичээсийн тухай
Authors: D. Naran
Published: March 2023

The Beijing Guozijian located at the Guozijian street in Beijing, China, was the imperial academy during the Yuan, Ming ,and Qing dynasties, and the last Guozijian of China. The Guozijian was first built in 1306 during the 24th year of Zhiyuan Reign of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and was reconstructed and renovated on a large scale during Yongle and Zhengtong reigns of the Ming Dynasty. This  article focused on study of inscription on stele erected  inside Imperial Academy (Gozijian.  There were three Mongol graduates names scarfed in traditional Chinese characters, fortunately remained in  well  condiition from 13th century. In this article the author made attempt to  restore their names in Mongolian, to determine who were these people,the time of erection of this stele monument.
Гадаад хэлний сургалтад логик учир зүйн хандлагыг төлөвшүүлэх нь
Authors: J. Erdenebat
Published: March 2023

This paper is a methodological advice and pragmatic approach to English language teaching and learning with emphasis on logical reasoning in any linguistic features. It also presents practical examples of logical reasoning in English classroom settings covering subjects of grammar, syntax as well as translation. For example, in the section of grammar part, the emphasis will be on logical reasoning with focuses on a word root or morpheme in reference to their context.

Logical reasoning plays an important role in understanding core meaning of morpheme, sentence structure as well as functions of English language overall. With the logical approach to any linguistic features, students will be able to assume derivatives in matter of morphology, to compose English sentences with better command and functions, and to avoid mistakes of using incorrect or illogical variation in translation.
The conversation class
Authors: Jackson ACY L. , G. Dugerjav
Published: March 2023

Харилцан ярианы хичээл нь англи хэлийг хоёрдогч болон гадаад хэлээр судлах процесст онцгой байр суурь эзэлдэг. Перс хэлээр ярьдаг насанд хүрсэн хүмүүст зориулсан  англи хэлний харилцан ярианы хичээл явуулж ирсэн туршлагаа эргэн харахад би энгийн хэрнээ маш чухал зүйлсийг олж авсан байна. Ээлжит хичээлийн үйл ажиллагаанд харилцан ярианы хичээл заахад багш нарт хэрэг болохуйц зарим туршлагаасаа санал болгож байна.
Англи хэлний авиаг бусад хэлний авиатай харьцуулан судлахуй
Authors: O. Batkhuyag
Published: March 2023

It is a rare when pronouncing a word syllable in an indistinguishable manner. A syllable of a word is stressed or pronounced a little louder. Word stress is various such as dynamic or force stress, tonic stress, quantitative stress, and phrasal stress, and semantic stress. Semantic stress is used in a word distinguished from other ones in a sentence for meaning. When Hyman .L Professor of Linguistics studied the word stress from more than 400 foreign languages, 25% of them are first syllable, 20% of them are on the final syllable, and 18% of stressed on first of the final syllable. Mongolian word stress is stable while the word stress from English and Russian is free. For native language from the most of the world countries, the word stress is stable. For a language stress plays various roles. English is common and individual. This article discusses the classification, types, and functions of stress and its place in the word. Stress in Mongolian, Russian and English languages have common properties and their specific features. The authors of this article studied a certain level of general aspects and specific features and tried to identify them.
Монгол хэлний өвөрмөц хэллэгийн судалгааны тойм
Authors: B. Borgilmaa
Published: March 2023

An idiom is a fixed phrase or expression of which constituents cannot keep their individual meanings but which can entirely be treated as a single unit in a sentence. As its figurative meaning which is different from its literal meaning is originated from Mongolian thinking, lifestyle, rituals and religion, its translation into any other languages follows some issues from cultural differences. The studies on the Mongolian idioms which began with the study based on Mongolian traditional linguistic theories, methodologies and approaches in 1950, have been developing through some modern linguistic theories so far. Consequently, this paper emphases the review that which points of Mongolian researchers’ view from the Mongolian idioms have been studied, on the basis of scientific materials, theoretic books, textbooks, handbooks, PhD dissertations and research papers, and so on.
Монгол, японы сурган хүмүүжүүлэх зүйн түүхэн уламжлалыг харьцуулах нь
Authors: Ts. Delgerekhtsetseg , J. Nandinchimeg
Published: March 2023

In this article, we aimed to compare some issues on Mongolian and Japanese traditional pedagogics according to historical context. It is prominent that Mongolian traditional pedagogy has diverse range of helpful ideas we can take over today. Solution to the controversial problems that our society is facing today might be lying on Mongolian traditional pedagogical philosophical values embedded in folklore, exemplary parental guidance, home manners and various perspectives of child upbringing; including the idea of labor is the best teacher.

Despite the differences between lifestyle, long ran enterprises and writing style; both Mongolia and Japan have plenty of similarities in the field of traditional pedagogics. Respecting elders, custom of youth adhering to instructions of seniors, honoring unity, having moral, regarding education as the key to personal evolution are identical. Although, these beliefs are starting to lose their values due to the development of society in both nations, we have the opportunity to modernize them according to current circumstances.

In every nation’s pedagogical history, there are principles implying values of an individual. Countries’ shall learn from each other, as all of them are unique. In this era of globalization, we should study highly developed nations’ history rather than trying to directly replicate their present day situations. For example, citizens’ educational background was crucial for Japanese economy to develop. Moreover, we can learn a lot from Japanese educational system and moral principles in the long run. These topics shall be studied chronologically more concise.
Хэлний сургалтанд цахим толь бичиг ашиглах асуудалд
Authors: G. Bat-Uchral , B. Naranchimeg
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to find out some issues on the use of electronic dictionaries in the language classroom. Today’s dictionaries are more informative and easy to access among learners than it was before. Electronic dictionaries have been becoming more frequently used devices and applications to the learners at different levels in the EFL/ESL classrooms. In this paper, we carried out a survey among 270 learners at the National University of Mongolia and tried to figure out the reflection of using electronic dictionaries as well as the reason why they are popular in the language classes at the National University of Mongolia.
Оюутны мэдлэг чадварын үнэлгээн дэх оюутны оролцоо
Authors: B. Nyamjav , J. Tserendejid
Published: March 2023

Inseparable part of teaching and learning process, which is discussed internationally in recent years, is self and peer assessments that are the students’ participation in assessing their knowledge and competence. Nowadays, the students tend to criticize their teachers’ assessment instead of analyzing their own performances. Therefore, we consider that there is a need to study the significance of students’ assessment, its methods and forms as self and peer assessments contribute considerably towards encouraging students to take greater responsibility for their learning and more effectively internalising academic standards and assessment criteria. Moreover, we have carried out some experiments on using peer assessment in several English classes, consequently we have achieved considerable good results.
Sek el ~ çik ~ çigil issue in the history of turks
Authors: Gömeç Saadettin Yağmur , Ercoşkun Tülay
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we tried to handle again the issue of Sek El, Çik Il and Çigil ( Çig Il), which was discussed also years ago in Turkish History. It is our opinion based on the historical sources that Sek El and Çik İl are the same ethnonyms and they split off as soon as the Hun State lost its power. Afterwards, while a part of tribe was staying in homeland in the east, the others came to the west, Central Europe. But Çik Il was considered as Sek El (Székely) in Europe that it is quite normal. From time to time, the idea of uniting Çik Il and Çigil, which is another Turkic tribe, isn’t true for us. Because, examining Turk inscriptions in Uighur era, these are considered as two different Turkic tribes which had lived in the same era but in different geographies.
Монголын нийгэм дэх зүүн азийн соёлын нөлөө
Authors: Sh. Egshig
Published: March 2023

The issue of foreign cultural influence in Mongolian society has been recognized for some time. However, its impact on Mongolian social system is a more recent field of study. This paper focused on the emerging East Asian regional cultural powers, like China, Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan. Mongolia is a much open country, therefore it could be much easily influenced by soft powers from the countries with impressive economic development. The author tries to define the features of the influence, describes the rise of cultural industry, cultural interactions, especially with in East Asian cultural wave.
Нэрзүйн судалгааны орчин үеийн хандлага
Authors: D. Enkhbat
Published: March 2023

This article offers analysis of the problem of proper names. The problem of defining proper names, and explaining their meaning, is one of most recalcitrant in modern linguistics. A proper name tells us which thing in question, without giving us other information about it. There are two puzzles in particular: the name in some way reveals the identity of the object, and empty names seem perfectly meaningful. In traditional theory, proper names had no place at all. There were only two kinds of propositions: existential and universal. The obvious difficulty with this theory is that sentences containing names do seem to be informative, even when there is no object appearing to the senses.
Aнгли хэлний энгийн одоо цагийн хэрэглээнд хийсэн алдааны дүн шинжилгээ (ШУС, ерөнхий суурийн оюутны жишээгээр)
Authors: Ts. Oyunsuren , R. Batsuren , E. Solongo
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the present research study was to carry out an error analysis on the use of the present simple tense. We investigated the errors in a corpus of 23 essays written by 23 first year students of the School of Sciences at NUM. The instrument used for this was students’ written essays in the English language. All the errors related to the present simple tense in these essays were identified, described, explained and evaluated. Specifically, we aimed to identify the sources of the errors. Furthermore, we conducted an interview on the types of errors based on the essay results among 28 students and discussed the results.
Орчуулгын нийтлэг ба соёлын ойлголтын орчуулга
Authors: B. Udval
Published: March 2023

Translation studies has been provided with number of relatively new theoretical controversy,most notably the set of "universal features of translation" proposed by Mona Baker. Universals of translation are linguistic features there are number of features considered to translation method. These features concern simplification, explication, normalization, distinctive distribution of lexical items. In this paper we aimed to make contrastive analyses of Baker’s universals of translation features and other researcher’s guidelines of translation method. And also we are trying to look for opportunities to identify the cultural translation principle by contrastive analyses of Russian and English translation and source text.
Дуудах тийн ялгалын асуудалд олон хэлний хэвшинж судлалын үүднээс хандах нь
Authors: D. Enkhjargal
Published: March 2023

This article considers morphological forms of addressing and calling as vocative cases. The research is focused on previous cross-linguistic studies on the vocative case, theoretical backround of the vocative case, marking of the vocative case in languages, vocative syntax of languages and some issues of vocative syntax of Modern Mongolian. Theoretical part includes evolution of case systems, marking of cases in languages, morphological and prosodic forms of vocative cases. Although some Indo-European languages lost their vocative case forms, Baltic languages, Slavonic languages, Indo-Iranian languages of Indo- European family and Georgian language of Iberian-Caucasian family have vocative cases. At the end of the article addressing and calling forms in modern Mongolian are considered in the framework of vocative syntax. We agree that vocative cases in languages exist between system and performance.
Монголын нууц товчооны зүйрлэлийн жишээг танихүйн үүднээс тайлбарлах нь
Authors: G. Erdenenaran
Published: March 2023

Any form of metaphor is a basic expression of the person's understanding and thinking and the expression of the culture. Basic Theory of analytical methodology of Linguistic analysis the selected method designed ancient history of nomadic Mongolian and literature analyzed examples of metaphor of the Mongolian Secret History. These are only model of the author's world as the examples from human life that define the characteristics of Mongolians.

These metaphors came from the daily life of the nomadic Mongolians and their real world and shows how their thinking transmitted through the metaphor.
Proceedings of the Welsh Urological Society Annual Meeting
Authors: KandaSwamy Gokul
Published: March 2023

Proceedings of the Welsh Urological Society Annual Meeting
Factors Affecting Infectious Endocarditis, Clinical Manifestation and Treatment Modalities – A Nurse's perspective and Overview
Authors: . M Malarmathi , Lakshmi Raja , N Dhivya , .M Meena
Published: March 2023

Infectious endocarditis virulent microorganisms colonize the endocardium heart valve. It is a rare disorder, and if it is not adequately recognized and treated, it can cause severe and quick morbidity and mortality; as per incidence in the US, approximately 10,000 to 15,000 are affected by infectious endocarditis. Nurses are critical in the prevention, early detection, early diagnosis workup, and prompt, successful care of this deadly disease and its complications. This article provides a review and updates on this striking yet ambiguous disease. Nurses will be effectively able to plan, incorporate, and evaluate the care required by this distinctive and demanding patient population if existing understanding is transferred into practice. Monitoring vitals like pulse, blood pressure, and temperature and alerting the physician significantly decreases morbidity. Administration of appropriate antibiotics at the proper doses and timing also matters. They also need to monitor the patient's renal status, including blood urea nitrogen levels, creatinine clearance levels, and urine output, especially a sudden appearance of blood in the urine. A Simple look at the nail beds for cyanosis is not a complete replacement for pulse oximetry but remains valid. As far as taking specimens for investigations, precise knowledge is needed. Using vacuum-extracted blood collection systems when we contemplate culture specimens is preferable. A complete education about possible infection sources and cleanliness, like decayed teeth, should be explained to patients. All plastics inside, like intravenous access and urinary catheter, should be treated with complete asepsis. As the disease is sudden, a calm, soothing approach towards patients and attendees goes a long way in getting better outcomes for these patients.
Gorky at the Origins of Futurism
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, De Michelis Cesare G.
Published: March 2023

At the beginning of the 20th century M. Gorky’s reputation was growing, most of all between the younger authors: A. Beltramelli made a literary falsification and published his novel Fedor Dobriski as his own translation of a Gorky novel. Early, in 1902, Gian Pietro Lucini drew one of the first Gorky’s portrait, and few years later he wrote with I. Cappa the drama Il tempiodella Gloria (1905), describing him as the ruler of the coveted synthesis between political and artistical revolution. When in Italy, Gorky met many italian intellectuals, also Beltramelli; Lucini, who was one of the first supporter of Marinetti, passed to the latter the idea of Gorky as a rebell, and also A. Gramsci spoked of the Marinetti’s destroing capacity as his more relevant feature. Gorky knew Lucini and Beltramelli, also Pascoli, d’Annunzio, but he was not engaged with futurism: it would had been possible, but didn’t happened, and this opportunity is a few studied question of the modernism.