bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a protocol for the micropropagation of mature Eucalyptus grandis clones through somatic embryogenesis
Authors:   , Tsewana Andiswa
Published: August 2021

Biotechnology techniques such as micropropagation VIa somatic embryogenesis offer potential significant advances in the improvement of forest species, which could sustain forest production in South Africa, as well as globally, without increased use of land. In order to apply such techniques to commercial breeding and clonal programmes of E. grandis species, it is necessary to develop reliable and efficient protocols applicable to explants of proven superior genotypes. Most of the research on E. grandis somatic embryogenesis has used the genetically variable embryos or seedlings as explant sources, which results in the propagation of material of unproven genetic value. In order to exploit somatic embryogenesis maximally for cloning of superior trees, somatic embryos have to be induced from highly selected and, hence, mature trees. The aim of this investigation was to develop such a protocol for E. grandis and to test its applicability to various E. grandis hybrids. Somatic embryos were induced from buds, stems, leaves and petioles, with petioles and buds giving the best results. Thus, these were selected for further studies which involved testing the effect of medium composition on embryogenic callus induction. Media used for this purpose contained MS or B5 nutrients, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 or 50 g.rl sucrose. All the media tested were able to support induction of embryogenic callus, although the number of explants producing embryogenic calli was affected significantly by the media composition (10-91 %). Callus induction media with B5 nutrients seemed to have a significant effect onn the developmental stage of embryos in the callus induction medium. Presence of 50 g.r! sucrose in the callus induction medium reduced the embryo yield, but the progress of embryo development was enhanced. The callus induction medium containing B5, 1 mg.l' 2,4-D, 0.5 g.rl glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 30 g.l' sucrose was chosen for subsequent studies. Of all the media tested for embryo development, the medium with B5, 2.5 mg.l' 2iP, 0.5 g.r! glutamine, 0.5 g.r! casein hydrolysate, 4 g.r! Gelrite and 50 g.r! sucrose was found to be the most suitable for embryo development to the cotyledonary stage. Experiments involving incorporation of both ABA and 2iP aiming at maturation of E. grandis somatic embryos led to an increase in size of the cotyledonary embryos formed but not to germination.
ROLE OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION ON YIELD OF PULSES
Authors: Hada Neeraj , Gurjar L.S. , Kumar Amit , Jatav C.B.S.
Published: August 2021

A study was conducted during kharif and rabi season in seven villages of Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh, India during 2014-15. A total No. of 24 demonstrations on green gram and chickpea were conducted in area of 10 ha. by the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of pulses production potential. The improved technologies including use of improved variety, seed treatment, balanced nutrient application and integrated pest management. The average yield of pulses under demonstration [green gram (691kg/ha) and chickpea (1582kg/ha)] were much higher than as compared to average yield of farmer’s practices [green gram (533kg/ha) and chickpea (1345kg/ha)]. The average percentage increased in yield over farmer’s practices was 29.64 and 17.62 for green gram and chickpea, respectively. In spite of increasing in yield of pulses, technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio as compared to farmer’s practices.
THE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC BIOSTIMULANTS FOR KOHLRABI SEEDS AND PLANTS TREATMENT
Authors: V. V Ketskalo , L. M Kononenko , L. M. Vyshnevska , N. V. Vorobiova , Z. I. Kovtuniuk , H. P Gerasymchuk , A. M Chaploutskyi , V. V Borysenko , V. I. Voitovska
Published: August 2021

The research reveals a versatile positive effect of organic bio stimulants Regoplant, Stimpo, and Emochka on kohlrabi cabbage plants. Soaking the seeds for 12 hours and foliar dressing of plants during vegetation with solutions of growth regulators contributed not only to increase the total yield of stems but also to enhancing growth indices of kohlrabi plants and at the same time ensuring better resistance to adverse growing conditions. The highest yield was obtained for the soaking seeds for 12 hours and 2 foliar dressings. Thus, in kohlrabi varieties ‘Delikatesna Bila’ and ‘Violeta’, the highest yield of stems (23.9?25.2 t/ha) was obtained under the influence of growth regulators Regoplant and Stimpo. In the experiment, a high yield of commodity stems was obtained in variety ‘Delikatesna Bila’ (86?93%) and in variety ‘Violeta’ (86?91%), which was on average higher by 8.0 and 5.6% than in the control treatment. The use of biostimulants ensured the yield of soluble dry matter higher by 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%in‘Delikatesna Bila’ and by 0.8%, 1.0%, 0.3% in ‘Violeta’, respectively, compared to the control treatment
ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (Burm.f.)Nees
Authors: Jacob Meritty , pandey Jyoti , Rani Jeline , Maggirwar Rekha , Satapathy Subhadarshini
Published: August 2021

Medicinal plant plays a vital role in our life. We have been using plants since ancient time, for food, clothes, shelters and medicine. India has been traditionally rich in different types of medicinal plants and many useful drugs obtained from the screening of such medicinal plants. Andrographis paniculata is an annual Herb. It grows roadside, shady places and moist places. The plant is also known as king of bitter, because it is extremely bitter in taste. Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important medicinal plants which are used in many kinds of diseases like leprosy, bronchitis, ulcers, cancer and dysentery etc. In our study we have investigated different phytochemicals in whole plant by using different solvents for extraction.
MODERN TRENDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATERING BUSINESS IN KHERSON REGION
Authors: Shepel T. V. , Zhyvets A. M.
Published: August 2021

The article enlightens on the present situation of hospitality industry in Kherson region, namely the catering business in today’s social, political and ecological conditions. Analysis of development dynamics of the catering business enterprises of Kherson region is given in the article. The up-to-date classification of the catering business enterprises is presented and new trends of their advancement are noted. Carrying on this scientific research is caused by the paramount importance of the development of the catering business in Ukraine’s economy, as well as its increasing share in Gross National Product of our country and Tavria region. The development stage of the catering business proves to be an important indicator of living standards assessment and attractiveness of the recreational regions. It should be noted that the methodological basis for research carried on includes the following scientific methods and techniques: methods of generalization and systematization, comparative analysis, the historical method. Their implementation has allowed finding out the contradictions in the development of the catering business under complex social and economic conditions, to define and substantiate modern advancement trends of the catering enterprises, to make analysis of development dynamics of the catering business enterprises in Ukraine and Kherson region for 2013–2019 period of time. This vision of a problem has enabled us to determine the target problems in the development of the catering business in Kherson region. The authors of this article consider the peculiarities of the industrial and trading activity of the catering business enterprises. As a result, new scientific and practical approaches to effective management of the catering business enterprises on the basis of discovered resources and possibilities have been proposed. The article reveals the data on the operation of the catering business in Kherson and towns of this region. The information about the most popular catering business institutions with vacationers, tourists, guests and local people has been systemized and sequenced. The results of research have made it possible to reveal the main adaptive mechanisms for the future functioning of the catering business enterprises. Summing up, it should be emphasized that the main perspectives for the development of the catering business under current conditions of civilizational changes in the Ukrainian economy are determined in this article.
Deployment of Open and Distance Learning to Persevere Teaching and Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
Authors: ZAKI Faddliza MOHD , RAZLAN Noor Masliana , ABDULLAH Nurulannisa , NASHARUDIN Nurhidayah , MD YATIM Norhidayu , SAMSUDIN Noor Faraliza
Published: August 2021

Education is essential to an individual and definitely to a country in a large scale as it contributes to human development. However, when COVID-19 pandemic struck the world and the number of cases had rose sharply in 2020, it affected every sector including education sector.
Patterns of Communication between Gen Z and Public Institutions in Times of Crisis: A Study Based on Relationship Marketing Principles
Authors: STANCIOIU Felicia A. , POP Nicolae A. , NASTASE ANYSZ Raluca , BABA Cristina A.
Published: August 2021

In time of crisis, the role of public institutions is on the rise and the communication between citizens and institutions is increasingly important, in order to preserve society's civic fabric and ensure the maintenance of trust in the aftermath of the crisis.
The Changes of Polish Accounting Regulations after the 1989 Political Transformation Incorporation of Global Solutions
Authors: BABUSKA Ewa W.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the article is to present the changes in Polish accounting regulations in the last thirty years of the ongoing systemic transformation from socialism to capitalism, which began in Poland in 1989. The changes consisted in adjusting Polish regulations to the Directives of the European Union and to the International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards.
A Model for Determining the Market Rental Rate for Properties Classified in the Segment with a Limited Number of Offers
Authors: PUPENTSOVA Svetlana , LIVINTSOVA Maria , SHABROVA Olga
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for determining the rental income from fixed assets of an enterprise in an undeveloped market. Design/methodology/approach: The rental income is determined using the iteration method and the simulation method in the cost-based approach model.
DERECHO DE ASILO, POLÍTICA, EDUCACIÓN. EVALUACIÓN DIDÁCTICA
Authors: Nadal Masegosa Antonio , Martínez Cortés Cristina
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objeto el estudio y análisis del derecho de asilo y de la normativa sobre personas refugiadas en las distintas regulaciones y legislaciones a distintos niveles, dentro de los respectivos contextos histórico-sociales, con la finalidad de investigar la respuesta política y presuntamente humanitaria otorgada desde distintas instituciones, y el reto que se presenta en las futuras decisiones políticas y jurídicas sobre el derecho de asilo y la figura de las personas refugiadas. La educación sobre estas cuestiones y la evaluación didáctica de las mismas no puede quedar exenta en prácticamente ningún ámbito social, siendo la inmigración entendida como una posibilidad de desarrollo local, frente a visiones etnocéntricas y xenófobas de partidos políticos y colectivos que periódicamente están en auge y que tanto dolor han causado históricamente.
Study of the seasonal variation in Aeolus wind product performance over China using ERA5 and radiosonde data
Authors: Chen Siying , Cao Rongzheng , Xie Yixuan , Zhang Yinchao , Tan Wangshu , Chen He , Guo Pan , Zhao Peitao
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Aeolus wind products became available to the public on 12 May 2020. In this study, Aeolus wind observations, L-band radiosonde (RS) data, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) data were used to analyze the seasonality of Aeolus wind product performance over China. Based on the Rayleigh-clear and Mie-cloudy data, the data quality of the Aeolus effective detection data was verified, and the results showed that the Aeolus data were in good agreement with the L-band RS and ERA5 data. The Aeolus data relative errors in the four regions (Chifeng, Baoshan, Shapingba, and Qingyuan) in China were calculated based on different months (July to December 2019 and May to October 2020). The relative error in the Rayleigh-clear data in summer was
significantly higher than that in winter, with the mean relative error
parameter in July 174 % higher than that in December. The mean random
error increased by 0.97 m s−1 in July compared with December, which also supported this conclusion. In addition, the distribution of the wind
direction and high-altitude clouds in different months (July and December)
was analyzed. The results showed that the distribution of the angle between the horizontal wind direction of the atmosphere and the horizontal line of sight had a greater proportion in the high error interval (70–110∘) in summer, and this proportion was 8.14 % higher in
July than in December. The cloud top height in summer was approximately 3–5 km higher than that in winter, which might decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of Aeolus. Therefore, the wind product performance of Aeolus was affected by seasonal factors, which might be caused by seasonal changes in wind direction and cloud distribution.
Unexplored volatile organic compound emitted from petrochemical facilities: implications for ozone production and atmospheric chemistry
Authors: Sarkar Chinmoy , Wong Gracie , Mielnik Anne , Nagalingam Sanjeevi , Gross Nicole Jenna , Guenther Alex B. , Lee Taehyoung , Park Taehyun , Ban Jihee , Kang Seokwon , Park Jin-Soo , Ahn Joonyoung , Kim Danbi , Kim Hyunjae , Choi Jinsoo , Seo Beom-Keun , Kim Jong-Ho , Kim Jeong-Ho , Park Soo Bog , Kim Saewung
Published: August 2021

Abstract. A compound was observed using airborne proton transfer reaction
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) measurements in the emission plumes from the Daesan petrochemical facility in South Korea. The compound was detected at m/z 43.018 on the PTR-TOF-MS and was tentatively identified as ketene, a rarely measured reactive volatile organic compound (VOC). Estimated ketene mixing ratios as high as ∼ 50 ppb (parts per billion) were observed in the emission plumes. Emission rates of ketene from the facility were estimated using a horizontal advective flux approach and ranged from 84–316 kg h−1. These emission rates were compared to the emission rates of major known VOCs such as benzene, toluene, and acetaldehyde. Significant correlations (r2 > 0.7) of ketene with methanol, acetaldehyde, benzene, and toluene were observed for the peak emissions, indicating commonality of emission sources. The calculated average ketene OH reactivity for the emission plumes over Daesan ranged from 3.33–7.75 s−1, indicating the importance of the quantification of ketene to address missing OH reactivity in the polluted environment. The calculated average O3 production potential for ketene ranged from 2.98–6.91 ppb h−1. Our study suggests that ketene, or any possible VOC species detected at m/z 43.018, has the potential to significantly influence local photochemistry, and therefore, further studies focusing on the photooxidation and atmospheric fate of ketene through chamber studies are required to improve our current understanding of VOC OH reactivity and, hence, tropospheric O3 production.
North SEAL: a new dataset of sea level changes in the North Sea from satellite altimetry
Authors: Dettmering Denise , Müller Felix L. , Oelsmann Julius , Passaro Marcello , Schwatke Christian , Restano Marco , Benveniste Jérôme , Seitz Florian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Information on sea level and its temporal and spatial variability is of great importance for various scientific, societal, and economic issues. This article reports about a new sea level dataset for the North Sea (named North SEAL) of monthly sea level anomalies (SLAs), absolute sea level trends, and amplitudes of the mean annual sea level cycle over the period 1995–2019. Uncertainties and quality flags are provided together with the data. The dataset has been created from multi-mission cross-calibrated altimetry data preprocessed with
coastal dedicated approaches and gridded with an innovative least-squares
procedure including an advanced outlier detection to a 6–8 km wide
triangular mesh. The comparison of SLAs and tide gauge time series shows
good consistency, with average correlations of 0.85 and maximum correlations of
0.93. The improvement with respect to existing global gridded altimetry
solutions amounts to 8 %–10 %, and it is most pronounced in
complicated coastal environments such as river mouths or regions sheltered by
islands. The differences in trends at tide gauge locations depend on the
vertical land motion model used to correct relative sea level trends. The best
consistency with a median difference of 0.04±1.15 mm yr−1 is
reached by applying a recent glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model. With
the presented sea level dataset, for the first time, a regionally optimized
product for the entire North Sea is made available. It will enable further
investigations of ocean processes, sea level projections, and studies on
coastal adaptation measures. The North SEAL data are available at
https://doi.org/10.17882/79673 (Müller et al., 2021).
Climatic controls on mountain glacier basal thermal regimes dictate spatial patterns of glacial erosion
Authors: Lai Jingtao , Anders Alison M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Climate has been viewed as a primary control on the rates and patterns of
glacial erosion, yet our understanding of the mechanisms by which climate
influences glacial erosion is limited. We hypothesize that climate controls
the patterns of glacial erosion by altering the basal thermal regime of
glaciers. The basal thermal regime is a first-order control on the spatial
patterns of glacial erosion. Polythermal glaciers contain both cold-based
portions that protect bedrock from erosion and warm-based portions that
actively erode bedrock. In this study, we model the impact of various climatic conditions on glacier basal thermal regimes and patterns of glacial erosion in mountainous regions. We couple a sliding-dependent glacial erosion model with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to simulate the evolution of the glacier basal thermal regime and glacial erosion in a synthetic landscape. We find that both basal thermal regimes and glacial erosion patterns are sensitive to climatic conditions, and glacial erosion patterns follow the patterns of the basal thermal regime. Cold temperature leads to limited glacial erosion at high elevations due to cold-based conditions. Increasing precipitation can overcome the impact of cold temperature on the basal thermal regime by accumulating thick ice and lowering the melting point of ice at the base of glaciers. High precipitation rates, therefore, tend to cause warm-based conditions at high elevations, resulting in intensive erosion near the peak of the mountain range. Previous studies often assessed the impact of climate on the spatial patterns of glacial erosion by integrating climatic conditions into
the equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) of glaciers, and glacial erosion is
suggested to be maximal around the ELA. However, our results show that
different climatic conditions produce glaciers with similar ELAs but different patterns of basal thermal regime and glacial erosion, suggesting that there might not be any direct correlation between ELAs and glacial erosion patterns.
A Hydrologist's Guide to Open Science
Authors: Hall Caitlyn A. , Saia Sheila M. , Popp Andrea L. , Dogulu Nilay , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Drost Niels , van Emmerik Tim , Hut Rolf
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Open, accessible, reusable, and reproducible hydrologic research can have a significant impact on the scientific community and broader society. While more individuals and organizations within the hydrology community are embracing open science practices, technical (e.g., limited coding experience), resource (e.g., open access fees), and social (e.g., fear of being scooped) challenges remain. Furthermore, there are a growing number of constantly evolving open science tools, resources, and initiatives that can seem overwhelming. These challenges and the ever-evolving nature of the open science landscape may seem insurmountable for hydrologists interested in pursuing open science. Therefore, we propose general Open Hydrology Principles to guide individual and community progress toward open science for research and education and the Open Hydrology Practical Guide to improve the accessibility of currently available tools and approaches. We aim to inform and empower hydrologists as they transition to open, accessible, reusable, and reproducible research. We discuss the benefits as well as common open science challenges and how hydrologists can overcome them. The Open Hydrology Principles and Open Hydrology Practical Guide reflect our knowledge of the current state of open hydrology; we recognize that recommendations and suggestions will evolve and expand with emerging open science infrastructures, workflows, and research experiences. Therefore, we encourage hydrologists all over the globe to join in and help advance open science by contributing to the living version of this document and by sharing open hydrology resources in the community-supported repository (https://open-hydrology.github.io).
Integration of observed and model derived groundwater levels in landslide threshold models in Rwanda
Authors: Uwihirwe Judith , Hrachowitz Markus , Bogaard Thom
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Incorporation of specific regional hydrological characteristics in empirical statistical landslide threshold models has considerable potential to improve the quality of landslide predictions towards reliable early warning systems. The objective of this research was to test the value of regional groundwater level information, as a proxy for water storage fluctuations, to improve regional landslide predictions with empirical models based on the concept of threshold levels. Specifically, we investigated: i) the use of a data driven time series approach to model the regional groundwater levels based on short duration monitoring observations; ii) the predictive power of single variable and bilinear threshold landslide prediction models derived from groundwater levels and precipitation. Based on statistical measures of the model fit (R2 and RMSE), the groundwater level dynamics estimated by the transfer function noise time series model are broadly consistent with the observed groundwater levels. The single variable threshold models derived from groundwater levels exhibited the highest landslide prediction power with 82–93 % of true positive alarms despite the quite high rate of false alarms with about 26–38 %. Further combination as bilinear threshold models reduced the rate of false alarms by about 18–28 % at the expense of reduced true alarms by about 9–29 % and thus, being less advantageous than single variable threshold models. In contrast to precipitation based thresholds, relying on threshold models exclusively defined using hydrological variables such as groundwater levels can lead to improved landslide predictions due to their implicit consideration of long-term antecedent conditions until the day of landslide occurrence.
Reverse time migration (RTM) imaging of iron oxide deposits in the Ludvika mining area, Sweden
Authors: Ding Yinshuai , Malehmir Alireza
Published: August 2021

Abstract. To discover or delineate mineral deposits and other geological
features such as faults and lithological boundaries in their host rocks,
seismic methods are preferred for imaging the targets at great depth. One
major goal for seismic methods is to produce a reliable image of the
reflectors underground given the typical discontinuous geology in
crystalline environments with low signal-to-noise ratios. In this study, we
investigate the usefulness of the reverse time migration (RTM) imaging algorithm
in hardrock environments by applying it to a 2D dataset, which was acquired
in the Ludvika mining area of central Sweden. We provide a how-to solution
for applications of RTM in future and similar datasets. When using the RTM
imaging technique properly, it is possible to obtain high-fidelity seismic
images of the subsurface. Due to good amplitude preservation in the RTM
image, the imaged reflectors provide indications to infer their geological
origin. In order to obtain a reliable RTM image, we performed a detailed
data pre-processing flow to deal with random noise, near-surface effects, and
irregular receiver and source spacing, which can downgrade the
final image if ignored. Exemplified with the Ludvika data, the resultant RTM
image not only delineates the iron oxide deposits down to 1200 m depth as
shown from previous studies, but also provides a better inferred ending of
sheet-like mineralization. Additionally, the RTM image provides
much-improved reflection of the dike and crosscutting features relative to
the mineralized sheets when compared to the images produced by Kirchhoff
migration in the previous studies. Two of the imaged crosscutting features
are considered to be crucial when interpreting large-scale geological
structures at the site and the likely disappearance of mineralization at
depth. Using a field dataset acquired in hardrock environment, we
demonstrate the usefulness of RTM imaging workflows for deep targeting
mineral deposits.
Deep oceanic submarine fieldwork with undergraduate students, an exceptional immersive experience (Minerve software)
Authors: Métois Marianne , Martelat Jean-Emmanuel , Billant Jérémy , Andreani Muriel , Escartin Javier , Leclerc Frédérique ,   the ICAP
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We present the content and scripting of an active tectonic lab-session conceived for third year undergraduate students studying Earth Sciences at Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers of Lyon. This session is based on a research project conducted on the submarine Roseau active fault in Lesser Antilles. The fault morphology is particularly interesting to map as this structure in the deep ocean is preserved from weathering. Thus high resolution models computed from Remotely Operated Vehicle videos (ROV) provide exceptional educational material to link fault morphology and coseismic displacement. This5class, composed of mapping exercises on GIS and virtual fieldwork, aims at providing basic understanding of active tectonics,and in particular active fault morphology. The work has been conducted either in a full remote configuration via 3D online models or in virtual reality (VR) in a dedicated room using the Minerve software. During the VR sessions, students were either alone in the virtual environment or participated as a full group, including the teacher (physically in the classroom or remotely, from another location), which is to our knowledge one of the first attempts of this kind in France. We discuss on the efficiency10of virtual fieldwork using VR based on feedback from teachers and students, and we conclude that VR is a promising tool to learn observational skills, subject to certain improvements which should be possible in the years to come.
Whole-soil warming decreases abundance and modifies the community structure of microorganisms in the subsoil but not in surface soil
Authors: Zosso Cyrill U. , Ofiti Nicholas O. E. , Soong Jennifer L. , Solly Emily F. , Torn Margaret S. , Huguet Arnaud , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. , Schmidt Michael W. I.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The microbial community composition in subsoils remains understudied, and it is largely unknown whether subsoil microorganisms show a similar response to global warming as microorganisms at the soil surface do. Since microorganisms are the key drivers of soil organic carbon decomposition, this knowledge gap causes uncertainty in the predictions of future carbon cycling in the subsoil carbon pool (> 50 % of the soil organic carbon stocks are below 30 cm soil depth). In the Blodgett Forest field warming experiment (California, USA) we investigated how +4 ∘C warming in the whole-soil profile to 100 cm soil depth for 4.5 years has affected the abundance and community structure of microorganisms. We used proxies for bulk microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and functional microbial groups based on lipid biomarkers, such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). With depth, the microbial biomass decreased and the community composition changed. Our results show that the concentration of PLFAs decreased with warming in the subsoil (below 30 cm) by 28 % but was not affected in the topsoil. Phospholipid fatty acid concentrations changed in concert with soil organic carbon. The microbial community response to warming was depth dependent. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased in warmed subsoil, and Gram+ bacteria in subsoils adapted their cell membrane structure to warming-induced stress, as indicated by the ratio of anteiso to iso branched PLFAs. Our results show for the first time that subsoil microorganisms can be more affected by warming compared to topsoil microorganisms. These microbial responses could be explained by the observed decrease in subsoil organic carbon concentrations in the warmed plots. A decrease in microbial abundance in warmed subsoils might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time. The shift in the subsoil microbial community towards more Actinobacteria might disproportionately enhance the degradation of previously stable subsoil carbon, as this group is able to metabolize complex carbon sources.
Seasonal evolution of Antarctic supraglacial lakes in 2015–2021 and
links to environmental controls
Authors: Dirscherl Mariel C. , Dietz Andreas J. , Kuenzer Claudia
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Supraglacial meltwater accumulation on ice shelves may have important implications for future sea-level-rise. Despite recent progress in the understanding of Antarctic surface hydrology, potential influences on ice shelf stability as well as links to environmental drivers remain poorly constrained. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art machine learning on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to provide new insight into the inter-annual and intra-annual evolution of surface hydrological features across six major Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctic ice shelves. For the first time, we produce a record of supraglacial lake extent dynamics for the period 2015–2021 at unprecedented 10 m spatial resolution and bi-weekly temporal scale. Through synergetic use of optical and SAR data, we obtain a more complete mapping record enabling the delineation of also buried lakes. Our results for Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves reveal below average meltwater ponding during most of melting seasons 2015–2018 and above average meltwater ponding throughout summer 2019–2020 and early 2020–2021. Meltwater ponding on investigated East Antarctic ice shelves was far more variable with above average lake extents during most of melting seasons 2016–2019 and below average lake extents during 2020–2021. This study is the first to investigate relationships with climate drivers both, spatially and temporally including time lag analysis. The results indicate that supraglacial lake formation in 2015–2021 is coupled to the complex interplay of varying air temperature, solar radiation, snowmelt, wind and precipitation, each at different time lags and directions and with strong local to regional discrepancies, as revealed through pixel-based correlation analysis. Southern Hemisphere atmospheric modes as well as the local glaciological setting including melt-albedo feedbacks and the firn air content were revealed to strongly influence the spatio-temporal evolution of supraglacial lakes as well as below or above average meltwater ponding despite variations in the strength of forcing. Recent increases of Antarctic Peninsula surface ponding point towards a further reduction of the firn air content implying an increased risk for ponding and hydrofracture. In addition, lateral meltwater transport was observed over both Antarctic regions with similar implications for future ice shelf stability.
A strong link between variations in sea-ice extent and global atmospheric pressure?
Authors: Le Mouël Jean-Louis , Lopes Fernando , Courtillot Vincent
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Abstract. This paper reports spectral analyses, using Singular Spectral Analysis, of variations of the Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice extents (SI), and of the atmospheric surface pressure (AP) in both hemispheres (NH and SH). The ice-extents are dominated by a quasi-linear trend over the 42 yr period when data are available (1978–2020) and an annual component. Taken together, these two components represent more than 98 % of the signal variance. Both ice-extent series share the same 5 set of harmonics of the annual component (1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/5 yr). The multi-decadal trends of sea-ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic are of opposite sign. The series of harmonics of 1 year are consequences of the Earth’s revolution about the Sun. The components with period longer than a year form a set of even harmonics of the Schwabe cycle. The pressure series also exhibits the four harmonics of 1 year, that is not found in many series previously analysed in the same way. This could suggest a connection between variations in pressure and sea-ice extent. Geographical pressure structures (SSA trends) are stable on a 10 decadal to centennial time scale and exhibit a three-fold symmetry in the NH. In the SH that order-3 symmetry is altered by the Ross-Weddell “dipole” pressure anomaly. This anomaly is seen in maps of correlations of variations in sea-ice extent with atmospheric pressure, surface temperature and winds. It fits topographic forcing. There is phase opposition between the annual components of SI and AP in the SH, and the same decreasing phase lag from −30 to −60 days over 42 years for the four harmonic components of SHSI and SHAP. The (negative) sign of the trend of pressure and (positive) sign of the trend of temperature 15 beg for an explanation. The relative change in pressure over the past 50 years is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of warming. This relatively strong warming would be expected to have a larger effect on pressure. The ratio of relative changes of sea-ice extent vs pressure is 400 for the NH and 17 for the SH. The SSA components reported in this paper should help in understanding the mechanisms that govern changes in sea-ice extent: these changes reflect forcings related to the Earth’s revolution about the Sun on the shorter period side, and on the longer period side to the Sun and planets (Jupiter). Advanced 20 explanation of the physics underling these observations may need advances in solving the generalized Navier-Stokes equations, which is very difficult in the spherical case.
Mungkinkah Kalimantan Timur Mencapai Kemandirian Pangan di Tahun 2025?
Authors: Supriadi Adi
Published: August 2021

Kemampuan produksi beras Kalimantan Timur hanya cukup untuk 1.316.433 orang, jauh dari memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh Kaltim sebanyak 3.721.400 orang. Untuk itu, diperlukan berbagai pemikiran dan kajian terkait strategi kemandirian pangan di Kalimantan Timur, terutama dengan rencana pemindahan ibu kota negara. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui analisis mendalam terhadap berbagai dokumen pembangunan di Kalimantan Timur dan berbagai literatur lain yang relevan. Berbagai kecenderungan ke depan seperti jumlah penduduk, pola konsumsi dan lain-lain diambil dari sumber resmi seperti biro statistik pusat dan dokumen milik organisasi perangkat daerah (OPD) terkini, serta dengan perhitungan menggunakan data yang tersedia. Hasil kajian mendalam terhadap berbagai dokumen tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian pangan dapat dicapai di Kaltim jika dalam 5 tahun ke depan mampu meningkatkan produksi padi sebesar 10% per tahun atau meningkat sekitar 77% dalam 5 tahun dan mengurangi tingkat konsumsi beras menjadi 70 kg/kapita/tahun. Untuk mendukung terwujudnya tujuan tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya untuk menjamin ketersediaan, kesiapan dan keamanan lahan pertanian; meningkatkan produktivitas lahan pertanian dan mengurangi tingkat konsumsi beras per kapita.
Analisa Keawetan Kayu Terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw) dengan Pengawet Koopers Formula 7 Menggunakan Metode Penguburan
Authors: Prayitno Joko
Published: August 2021

Penelitian daya tahan kayu Terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw) terhadap serangan hama kayu khususnya dari golongan rayap tanah menggunakan garam pengawet jenis Koopers Formula 7, menggunakan metode graveyard test (uji penguburan) bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase serangan rayap tanah, self retention bahan pengawet, serta absorbsi bahan pengawet pada kayu Terap. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kayu Terap (A. elasticus Reinw) yang direndam menggunakan bahan pengawet formula 7 Koopers dengan konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pengawetan dengan pengawet Koopers Formula 7 pada kayu Terap dapat memberikan nilai retensi, daya serap dan setelah sampel diawetkan kemudian ditimbun di tanah diketahui bahwa nilai persentase serangan jamur pewarna dan pembusuk adalah masing-masing 25%, 15% dan 5%.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENGKAJIAN ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN GERONTIK DI RSUD BANYUASIN
Authors: Admin  , Ani Syafriati
Published: August 2021

Penilaian geriatric menggunakan alat khusus untuk membantu menentukan pasien status di beberapa sistem yang berbeda, termasuk penilaian medis, kognitif, afektif, sosial, ekonomi, lingkungan, spiritual, dan fungsional status. Untuk meninjau alat khusus yang praktisi dapat digunakan dalam skrining mereka untuk sindrom geriatric ketika mengevaluasi pasien. Desain kegiatan ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method (kualitatif-kuantitatif). Dimana tahap pertama akan melakukan pengembangan instrument pengkajian keperawatan geriatric dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan perawat dan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam. Selanjutnya, setelah dilakukan uji pakar untuk instrument tersebut, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji coba (validitas dan reliabilitas) instrument pengkajian keperawatan geriatric pada 15 lansia di RSUD Banyuasin. Didapatkan instrumen pengkajian gerontic dan dilakukan uji instrumen. Hasil analisis Aiken’s V pada dua pakar yaitu 11 item pengkajian asuhan keperawatan geriatri dinyatakan valid (pada lampiran 6), dibuktikan hasil analisis berkisar antara 0,667-1. Hasil uji korelasi biseral, dikatakan valid apabila nilai t hitung > t tabel. Untuk nilai t hitung berdasarkan tabel t dengan n=30 (30-2=28), signifikansi 5% = 2,048. Hasil uji KR20 didapatkan Berdasarkan hasil uji reliabilitas pengkajian asuhan keperawatan geriatri ini didapatkan hasil yaitu varian total 9,09 dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,90. Berdasarkan hasil pengembangan instrument pengkajian asuhan keperawatan khusus gerontic di RSUD Banyuasin didapatkan instrument dan penerapan instrument yang dilakukan selama 2 minggu.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN KELAHIRAN PRETERM DI RSUD BANYUASIN TAHUN 2017-2018
Authors: Admin  , Vera Yuanita
Published: August 2021

Kelahiran preterm merupakan penyebab utama (60-80%) morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal diseluruh dunia. Kelahiran preterm terjadi pada masa kehamilan kurang dari 37 minggu dengan berat janin kurang dari 2500 gram. Angka kejadian kelahiran preterm di Indonesia sekitar 19% dan merupakan penyebab utama kematian perinatal. Beberapa factor risiko yang menyebab kanter jadinya kelahiran preterm yaitu faktor yang terjadi selama kehamilan seperti pecahnya selaput ketuban, perdarahan antepartum, kehamilan ganda, hidramnion, penyakit sistemik kronis pada ibu. Faktor epidemiologi ibu seperti umur, paritas dan social ekonomi juga menjadi penyebab terjadinya kelahiran preterm. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan desain kasus kontrol. Sampel kasus adalah ibu yang melahirkan bayi yang didiagnosis preterm yang memenuhi kriteria dan sampel kontrol adalah ibu yang melahirkan bayi dengan usia kehamilan ≥37 minggu di RSUD Banyuasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur ibu (p=0,098) dan  paritas (p=0,136) dengan kelahiran preterm. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia (p=0,000), PEB (p=0,017) dan KPD (p=0,000) dengan kelahiran preterm. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan KPD adalah variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelahiran preterm (OR=4,369). Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan konseling kehamilan serta memberikan pelayanan antenatal care sesuai standar sehingga anemia, ketuban pecah dini, preeklampsia/eklampsia dapat dicegah dan tidak berdampak persalinan prematur.
Death as a threshold: being with a person as they are dying
Authors: Trees Kathryn
Published: August 2021

In The Art of Living and Dying, Osho writes that the West attempts to hide death. This

is in spite of the increase in representations of death and dying in non-fiction and

fiction writing, film and television entertainment, documentaries, news, sociology and

psychology this century. There is however, limited writing about everyday, personal

experiences of dying and death, perhaps because we find the personal too close to

disclose, or language and grammar inadequate. This paper discusses aspects of what it

means to be with, or alongside, someone who is dying from a personal perspective. It

follows Kübler-Ross in suggesting that we need to speak and listen meaningfully about

experiences of those who are dying and those with, or alongside, them. It draws on the

experience of being with a friend and an uncle in the final weeks of their lives to

suggest that society would benefit from confronting death productively, accepting that

we all die and engaging positively in the process of dying with the person who is dying,

those alongside them, family, friends and community. Writing and talking about death,

requires taking account of bodies – those of the person who is dying, as well as those

who are alongside them.
Dead or alive?: the animism of artefact in literature
Authors: Ludowyke Jay Kylie
Published: August 2021

Writers commonly use animism to transform inanimate objects into assertive ‘things’,

in possession of metaphysical qualities. In theorising the effects of applying literary

animism to a real historical artefact, this study asserts that once enlivened, an artefact

can die twice. It dies once with its real-world destruction and a second time when that

destruction echoes through its literary thingness. The discussion is framed by

examining the history of literary animism. This includes the eighteenth-century itnarrative with animal and object narrators, the transition to children’s literature, and the

resistance to animism that accompanies modern fiction, in this case, particularly Joanne

Harris’s Blackberry Wine. Further, it examines the alignment that has emerged between

children’s literature and true story as a basis for applying animism to artefacts in

nonfiction, facilitating their dual-death.
Making stories of our own ends: two Australian memoirs of dying
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: August 2021

An increasing number of end-of-life memoirs have been published over the past two

decades. A number of these by American and British authors have received considerable

notice and acclaim. There are, however, also a number of book-length published memoirs

written by Australian narrators whose texts narrate their own dying. Despite achieving a

measure of popularity with readers, few of these Australian works have been explored in

detail or categorised as a discrete sub-set of the autobiographical memoir in Australia.

This article discusses two Australian memoirs, Dying: A Memoir by Donald Horne and

Myfanwy Horne (2007) and Dying: A Memoir by Cory Taylor (2016). Examining these

texts contributes to understanding of both this revealing autobiographical practice and

practices of writing and publishing popular memoir in Australia more generally. They

also add to knowledge of the way individuals face, and deal with, the prospect of their

own impending ends.
“The disability becomes secondary”: The use of mobile devices by small business managers with a disability in Australia
Authors: Johanson Graeme , Anwar Misita
Published: August 2021

This article summarises an original qualitative research investigation into the use of mobile devices by small business people with a disability in Australia. It uses the limited available published literature, social inclusion theories, and data from interviews with five small business people about their use of mobile devices, especially phones, and the experiences of five key informants. This project found no prior research that deals with the topic. Most businesses managed by people with a disability are home-based. By merging theories with praxis we show that they adapt mainstream apps to their own special needs. They improve their independence, expand their networks, and maximise opportunities for unique business uses.
Desarrollo de una interfaz gráfica para el cálculo de series de Fourier en Matlab
Authors: ROMÁN GONZALES AVID
Published: August 2021

Enseñar y, sobre todo, aprender las series de Fourier en las carreras de ingeniería es muy importante, sin embargo, se sabe que es una asignatura que representa mucha dificultad para los estudiantes. En este trabajo se propone el desarrollo y uso de una calculadora de la serie de Fourier implementada en Matlab, utilizando una interfaz gráfica amigable, como herramienta para una mejor comprensión y análisis, de una serie de Fourier compuesta por hasta 5 funciones, aumentando el número máximo de funciones que actualmente podrían ser utilizado por aplicaciones móviles, para calcularlos. Como resultado se desarrolló una herramienta factible para mejorar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las series de Fourier.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan di UD Sinar Berkah Untuk Mengetahui Potensi Dan Kelayakan Pengembangan Usaha
Authors: Sriwana Iphov Kumala , Z Octafani Feby , Rachman Taufiqur , Erni Nofi , B Rahardja Istianto
Published: August 2021

UD Sinar Berkah merupakan usaha kecil menengah yang secara operasional dijalankan menggunakan cara tradisional, termasuk untuk penyusunan lapoan keuangannya. UD Sinar Berkah tidak mengetahui secara pasti potensi usaha dan juga kelayakan usahannya Hal terebut menjadi permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan, sehingga dilakukan pengabdian masyakarat pada UD Sinar  Berkah dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan agar mapu menganalisa kelayakan pengembangan usahanya. Data untuk penyusunan laporan keuangan, diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan pihak pengelola UD Sinar Berkah. Penyusunan laporan keuangan dilakukan menggunakan Ms excel dengan mengintegrasikan laporan keuangan mulai dari investasi awal, sumber dana, perhitungan biaya operasiona,  laporan rugi raba, arus kas, penentuan harga pokok produksi dan analisa kelayakannya. Hasil penyusunan laporan keuangan menunjukkan bahwa net present value (NPV) > 0 (NPV = Rp 420.342.180 dengan discount factor 18% dan present value 18%), internal rate of return (IRR) mencapai 21%, keuntungan/biaya bersih (Net B/C) > 1 (Net B/C = 6) artinya usaha tersebut layak secara finansial. Berdasarkan analisa yang diperoleh dari hasil penyusunan laporan keuangan, pengelola UD Sinar berkah dapat melanjutkan kegiatan usahanya karena mempunyai peluang yang besar untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.