bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation algorithms alter the breath‐by‐breath gas exchange values when abrupt changes in ventilation occur
Authors: Cettolo Valentina , Francescato Maria Pia
Published: June 2017

The automatic metabolic units calculate breath‐by‐breath gas exchange from the expiratory data only, applying an algorithm (‘expiration‐only’ algorithm) that neglects the changes in the lung gas stores. These last are theoretically taken into account by a recently proposed algorithm, based on an alternative view of the respiratory cycle (‘alternative respiratory cycle’ algorithm). The performance of the two algorithms was investigated where changes in the lung gas stores were induced by abrupt increases in ventilation above the physiological demand. Oxygen, carbon dioxide fractions and ventilatory flow were recorded at the mouth in 15 healthy subjects during quiet breathing and during 20‐s hyperventilation manoeuvres performed at 5‐min intervals in resting conditions. Oxygen uptakes and carbon dioxide exhalations were calculated throughout the acquisition periods by the two algorithms. Average ventilation amounted to 6·1 ± 1·4 l min−1 during quiet breathing and increased to 41·8 ± 27·2 l min−1 during the manoeuvres (P<0·01). During quiet breathing, the two algorithms provided overlapping gas exchange data and noise. Conversely, during hyperventilation, the ‘alternative respiratory cycle’ algorithm provided significantly lower gas exchange data as compared to the values yielded by the ‘expiration‐only’ algorithm. For the first breath of hyperventilation, the average values provided by the two algorithms amounted to 0·37 ± 0·34 l min−1 versus 0·96 ± 0·73 l min−1 for O2 uptake and 0·45 ± 0·36 l min−1 versus 0·80 ± 0·58 l min−1 for exhaled CO2 (P<0·001 for both). When abrupt increases in ventilation occurred, such as those arising from a deep breath, the ‘alternative respiratory cycle’ algorithm was able to halve the artefactual gas exchange values as compared to the ‘expiration‐only’ approach.
On Editing Luther's Writings on Scripture
Authors: Cameron Euan K.
Published: June 2017

Much of Martin Luther's prodigious output consisted of exposition and editing Scripture. While a series in English cannot do justice to his greatest achievement, his Bible in German, much can be learned from his prefaces and commentaries, which are selected in volume 6 of The Annotated Luther. Luther's attitude to interpreting Scripture evolved in a constant dialogue with his theology of justification. While he held to the absolute authority of Scripture, his approach was pre‐critical but not uncritical. His exposition constantly balanced the consolation of grace and warnings against complacent trusting in our own works. His relentless emphasis on seeing Christ everywhere in the Bible, praised in past generations, poses problems today insofar as it determined his stance against Judaism.
Luther: A Mystic
Authors: Leppin Volker
Published: June 2017

Understanding Martin Luther means looking at a medieval monk heavily influenced by his confessor, John of Staupitz. Staupitz inspired Luther and his friends to read the sermons of the late medieval mystic John Tauler. Here Luther found a theology of grace, the idea that faith is the only remaining point to a grace‐full God. Tauler's most obvious influence, his understanding of penance, shaped the first and second of Luther's Ninety‐five Theses. Another influence, that of passion mysticism, Luther explored and developed in his early tracts. Over the years, while Luther would stress the importance of Scripture over mystical experience, this was more a slight but meaningful transformation rather than a complete break with mysticism.
Luther and the Eucharistic Controversy
Authors: Burnett Amy Nelson
Published: June 2017

Luther wrote That These Words of Christ … Still Stand Firm to teach people what they should believe about the Lord's Supper and to refute the arguments of his opponents. Luther saw the devil as responsible for the rejection of Christ's substantial presence in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. The disagreement concerning the eucharist rested on the opposing exegesis of key Scripture texts and had implications for Christology and the understanding of the relationship between theology, science, and human reason. Luther believed that his opponents taught a heretical position that endangered people's souls, and so their ideas could not be tolerated.
Challenges and Gifts of Teaching Luther in a Lutheran College1
Authors: Jodock Darrell
Published: June 2017

This article examines what can be learned from teaching Luther to American college students. It reviews several ways in which college students benefit from studying Luther. The article suggests that identifying the “operating principles” in Luther's thought can help students more carefully discern the contemporary significance of his thought. After discussing some challenges encountered when teaching Luther to college students, the article ends with reflections on the theological significance of the college context. While Luther's discovery of a gracious God remains central, the college setting promotes a retrieval of several broader themes in Luther's thinking that have often been neglected by Lutherans: ongoing creation, wisdom, the Bible as “torah,” the suffering of God, and societal reform.
The Weight of the Family: Communicability as Alien Affection in Danish Family Histories and Experiences of Obesity
Authors: Grøn Lone
Published: June 2017

Can we think of something like communicability or contagion in relation to diseases and conditions that have hitherto been categorized as noncommunicable? In this article, I take my ethnographic point of departure in the lifelong—and transgenerational—experiences of obesity, weight gain, and weight loss of four Danish families in order to show how kinship, relatedness, and dwellings emerge as simultaneously homey and alien contagious connections, when exploring communicability in the context of what is often referred to as “the obesity epidemic.” Analytically, I am inspired by the German philosopher Bernhard Waldenfels’ (2007, 2011a) phenomenology of the alien, and through an analysis of the tracing of the spread of obesity to kinship ties, Danish hygge and the places and times in which we live, I propose the notion of affection as a phenomenologically grounded theory of social contagion.
A Phenomenological Approach to the Cultivation of Expertise: Emergent Understandings of Autism
Authors: Lawlor Mary C. , Solomon Olga
Published: June 2017

In this article, we draw on narrative phenomenological (Mattingly 2010) and ethnographic projects to investigate how phenomenology may contribute to understanding how practical, experientially gained, expertise is cultivated in extraordinary circumstances. The lived world of autism provides a compelling context for such an exploration. Drawing on ethnographic data, we present arguments related to how a phenomenological approach to understanding autism can be productive by examining the cultivation of expertise and the contagion of knowledge and understanding. Family expertise that is grounded in lived experience often reveals the limitations of both public knowledge and scientific evidence and is generative of a kind of practical knowledge that warrants diffusion. Consideration is given to the specific contributions of a phenomenological approach to understanding autism and learning in collective engagements. Contagion as both a facilitative and positive phenomenon and a potentially stressful or harmful development is discussed.
Exploring intermediate cities in Latin America: mixed mobile methods for mobility assessment in Villarrica, Chile
Authors: Salazar Gonzalo , Irarrázaval Felipe , Fonck Martín
Published: June 2017

Intermediate cities have had a key role in urban dynamics and development in Latin America since the second half of the twentieth century, yet the theoretical and methodological approaches to research about these types of city have not been suited to their complexity. Most research on them reduces to demographic criteria, overlooking the fact that they are characterised by intense socio‐spatial interactions with their surrounding rural areas and other nearby urban centres. This is a serious shortcoming in terms of the potential use of such research for urban planning, and the resulting development processes of these cities. The present work proposes that while research based on the physical patterns of the movement of people (including commuting) are relevant, it is necessary to delve deeper into the process of mobility in order to improve the comprehension of intermediate cities in Latin America. First, the article illustrates the weak points of traditional approaches to intermediate cities and from this proposes that the theoretical and methodological contributions of the new mobility paradigm (Sheller and Urry 2006, Environment and Planning A 38 207–26) can contribute considerably to the study of such cities, as well as the phenomena of intermediation inherent to them. The article then introduces a new methodological proposal, based on mixed mobile methods, that contributes to empirical research and understanding of intermediate cities. An empirical application of the methodology is performed in Chile, specifically in the city of Villarrica in the La Araucanía Region. Based on this application, the article provides some important conclusions regarding the research experience and the theoretical and methodological approach necessary to attend to the socio‐spatial complexity of intermediate cities in Latin America.
Possible Involvement of the CACNA1E Gene in Migraine: A Search for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Different Clinical Phenotypes
Authors: Ambrosini Anna , D'Onofrio Mara , Buzzi Maria Gabriella , Arisi Ivan , Grieco Gaetano S. , Pierelli Francesco , Santorelli Filippo M. , Schoenen Jean
Published: June 2017

Objective

To search for differences in prevalence of a CACNA1E variant between migraine without aura, various phenotypes of migraine with aura, and healthy controls.

Background

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) is associated with mutations in the CACNA1A gene coding for the alpha 1A (Cav2.1) pore‐forming subunit of P/Q voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. These mutations are not found in the common forms of migraine with or without aura. The alpha 1E subunit (Cav2.3) is the counterpart of Cav2.1 in R‐type Ca2+ channels, has different functional properties, and is encoded by the CACNA1E gene.

Methods

First, we performed a total exon sequencing of the CACNA1E gene in three probands selected because they had no abnormalities in the three FHM genes. In a patient suffering from basilar‐type migraine, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 20 of the CACNA1E gene (Asp859Glu – rs35737760; Minor Allele Frequency 0.2241) hitherto not studied in migraine. In a second step, we determined its occurrence in four groups by direct sequencing on blood genomic DNA: migraine patients without aura (N = 24), with typical aura (N = 55), complex neurological auras (N = 19; hemiplegic aura: N = 15; brain stem aura: N = 4), and healthy controls (N = 102).

Results

The Asp859Glu – rs35737760 SNP of the CACNA1E gene was present in 12.7% of control subjects and in 20.4% of the total migraine group. In the migraine group it was significantly over‐represented in patients with complex neurological auras (42.1%), OR 4.98 (95% CI: 1.69‐14.67, uncorrected P = .005, Bonferroni P = .030, 2‐tailed Fisher's exact test). There was no significant difference between migraine with typical aura (10.9%) and controls.

Conclusions

We identified a polymorphism in exon 20 of the CACNA1E gene (Asp859Glu – rs35737760) that is more prevalent in hemiplegic and brain stem aura migraine. This missense variant causes a change from aspartate to glutamate at position 859 of the Cav2.3 protein and might modulate the function of R‐type Ca2+ channels. It could thus be relevant for migraine with complex neurological aura, although this remains to be proven.
A transnational history of Pentecostalism in West Africa
Authors: Osinulu Adedamola
Published: June 2017

Over the past 3 decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the popularity of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in parts of West Africa evident in the proliferation of Pentecostal and Charismatic churches in the region. This paper explores the roots of that movement starting with the arrival of Christianity in West Africa and traces the various transformations that have led up to the current wave of Pentecostal and Charismatic renewal. In compliance with the polycentric hypothesis of origin for the global Pentecostal movement, this paper looks at the actors, organizations, and events that catalyzed and shaped the movement in West Africa starting with the itinerant African preachers that led revival moments at the start of the twentieth century. As such figures like William Wade Harris, Garrick Sokari Braide, Joseph Ayo Babalola, Benson A. Idahosa (Church of God Mission International), Enoch A. Adeboye (Redeemed Christian Church of God), David O. Oyedepo (Living Faith Church Worldwide a.k.a. Winners Chapel International), and Mensa Otabil (International Central Gospel Church) are discussed. Furthermore, the paper argues that rather than viewing Pentecostal organizations in various West African countries as solely independent developments or alternatively as local eruptions of global phenomena, we should view them as part of a regional process of exchanges of discourses and practices by Africans across national borders based on shared political and cultural histories. Particular attention is paid to goings on in Nigeria and Ghana where the Pentecostal and Charismatic movement have had the greatest impact.
Designing service system networks with interruption risks
Authors: Hoseinpour Pooya , Ahmadi‐Javid Amir
Published: June 2017

This paper incorporates interruption risk into designing the network of an immobile service system. The service system consists of service facilities, each serving a set of allocated demand locations. The open facilities may be interrupted randomly because of a variety of facility‐induced risk factors. The goal is to determine which service facilities are established, what service capacities are selected at open facilities, and how to assign the customers to the open facilities in order to maximize the system's overall performance. The problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear programming model and solved by a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm. The numerical experiments illustrate the high performance of the algorithm in large scales. Several managerial implications are also presented to show the effects of service interruption risks.
Detection of desmoplastic melanoma with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Maher N.G. , Solinas A. , Scolyer R.A. , Puig S. , Pellacani G. , Guitera P.
Published: June 2017

Background

Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is frequently misdiagnosed clinically and often associated with melanoma in situ (MIS).

Objective

To improve the detection of DM using dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).

Methods

A descriptive analysis of DM dermoscopy features and a case–control study within a melanoma population for RCM feature evaluation was performed blindly, using data obtained between 2005 and 2015. After retrospectively identifying all DM cases with RCM data over the study period (n = 16), a control group of non‐DM melanoma patients with RCM data, in a ratio of at least 3 : 1, was selected. The control group was matched by age and primary tumour site location, divided into non‐DM invasive melanomas (n = 27) and MIS (n = 27). Invasive melanomas were selected according to the melanoma subtypes associated with the DM cases. The main outcomes were the frequency of melanoma‐specific features on dermoscopy for DM; and the odds ratios of RCM features to distinguish DM from MIS and/or other invasive melanomas; or MIS from the combined invasive melanoma group.

Results

At least one of the 14 melanoma‐specific features evaluated on dermoscopy was found in 100% of DMs (n = 15 DM with dermoscopy). Known RCM melanoma predictors were commonly found in the DMs, such as pagetoid cells (100%) and cell atypia (100%). The RCM feature of spindle cells in the superficial dermis was more common in DM compared with the entire melanoma control group (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.01–14.90), and particularly compared to MIS (OR 5.48, 95% CI 1.11–32.36). Nucleated cells in the dermis and the RCM correlate of dermal inflammation were also significant RCM features favouring DM over MIS, as well as invasive melanoma over MIS.

Conclusion

Dermoscopy and RCM may be useful tools for the identification of DM. Certain RCM features may help distinguish DM from MIS and other invasive melanomas. Larger studies are warranted.
CT versus MR Techniques in the Detection of Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Hanning Uta , Sporns Peter B. , Schmiedel Meilin , Ringelstein Erich B. , Heindel Walter , Wiendl Heinz , Niederstadt Thomas , Dittrich Ralf
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is an important etiology of juvenile stroke. The gold standard for the diagnosis of sCAD is convential angiography. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/MR angiography (MRA) and computed tomography (CT)/CT angiography (CTA) are frequently used alternatives. New developments such as multislice CT/CTA have enabled routine acquisition of thinner sections with rapid imaging times. The goal of this study was to compare the capability of recent developed 128‐slice CT/CTA to MRI/MRA to detect radiologic features of sCAD.

METHODS

Retrospective review of patients with suspected sCAD (n = 188) in a database of our Stroke center (2008‐2014), who underwent CT/CTA and MRI/MRA on initial clinical work‐up. A control group of 26 patients was added. All Images were evaluated concerning specific and sensitive radiological features for dissection by two experienced neuroradiologists. Imaging features were compared between the two modalities.

RESULTS

Forty patients with 43 dissected arteries received both modalities (29 internal carotid arteries [ICAs] and 14 vertebral arteries [VAs]). All CADs were identified in CT/CTA and MRI/MRA. The features intimal flap, stenosis, and lumen irregularity appeared in both modalities. One high‐grade stenosis was identified by CT/CTA that was expected occluded on MRI/MRA. Two MRI/MRA‐confirmed pseudoaneurysms were missed by CT/CTA. None of the controls evidenced specific imaging signs for dissection.

CONCLUSIONS

CT/CTA is a reliable and better available alternative to MRI/MRA for diagnosis of sCAD. CT/CTA should be used to complement MRI/MRA in cases where MRI/MRA suggests occlusion.
Deep jaundice in a child with sickle cell disease
Authors: Beshlawi Ismail , Mathew Leni , Saad Ashraf A , Al‐Rawas Abdul Hakim
Published: June 2017

See Answer
What is the Role of Experience in Children's Success in the False Belief Test: Maturation, Facilitation, Attunement or Induction?
Authors: Fenici Marco
Published: June 2017

According to a widely shared view, experience plays only a limited role in children's acquisition of the capacity to pass the false belief test: at most, it facilitates or attunes the development of mindreading abilities from infancy to early childhood. Against the facilitation—and also the maturation—hypothesis, I report empirical data attesting that children and even adults never come to understand false beliefs when deprived of proper social and linguistic interaction. In contrast to the attunement hypothesis, I argue that alleged mindreading abilities in infancy differ significantly from those required to pass the false belief test at age four. I conclude that children's success in the false belief test reflects the acquisition of a novel psychological competence, and argue that social experience in the form of conversation about mental states teaches children to exploit belief reports to predict intelligent behaviour, and induces their acquisition of a capacity to recognize and track others' beliefs across contexts.
A day in the life of a dolphin: Using bio‐logging tags for improved animal health and well‐being
Authors: Alex Shorter K. , Shao Yunli , Ojeda Lauro , Barton Kira , Rocho‐Levine Julie , van der Hoop Julie , Moore Michael
Published: June 2017

Little quantitative information on the behavior, health, and activity level of managed marine mammals is currently collected, though it has the potential to significantly contribute to management and welfare of these animals. To address this, high‐resolution motion‐sensing digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) collected data from animals under human care (n = 5) during their daily routine, and classification algorithms were used for gait analysis and event detection. We collected and examined ~57 h of data from five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Day‐scale changes in behavior and activity level were observed and diurnal changes were detected with lower activity at night (n = 1). During the day, animals spent about 70% of their time swimming. The deepest part of the lagoon is ~3 m and individual dives were typically shallow (~1 m) with the dolphins tending to utilize a fluke and glide gait pattern. Activity level was quantified using overall dynamic body acceleration. A significant relationship between normalized activity level and glide duration during different portions of the dive was measured; animals fluked more during descent and glided more during ascent. This could indicate that even during very shallow dives the dolphins use their positive buoyancy to improve energy economy.
An ameloblastoma associated with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Authors: Toole J. , Napier S. , Marley J.
Published: June 2017

This case describes the management of a plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma in a child with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. This was managed conservatively, which has allowed the patient to undergo normal dental development. There are no signs of recurrence 4 years post‐operatively and the use of magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring has ensured the patient's exposure to ionising radiation is minimised. The patient's cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome was linked to a BRAF mutation. This gene is involved in cell proliferation and has recently been shown to have a link with mandibular ameloblastomas. As far as the authors are aware, this is the published first case of an ameloblastoma in a patient with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.
Support for Leader's Decisions in Conflict and Negotiation: Women Do Not Benefit From Relevant Expertise While Men Do
Authors: Anisman‐Razin Moran , Rozen Rami , Halperin Eran , Saguy Tamar
Published: June 2017

In the present research, we examined the role of leaders' domain‐specific expertise and gender as affecting individuals' evaluation of proposals related to intergroup conflict. Across three studies, conducted in two different conflict‐related contexts (Israeli‐Palestinian conflict and the refugee crisis in Europe), we showed that men and women do not equally benefit from domain‐specific expertise. Having high (compared to low) domain‐specific expertise positively affected participants' attitudes towards the proposal when its author was a man but not when she was a woman. We further demonstrate that specific characteristics of the proposal (i.e., security relevance) and of the participants (i.e., level of sexism) affect reactions to different negotiation proposals. Our findings suggest that even when women acquire relevant knowledge and experience, they do not benefit from them as much as men. One implication of these findings is that training and enhancing women's expertise may not be enough to eliminate gender bias.
The Gambit: Chess and the Art of Competition in The Luzhin Defense
Authors: PARKER LUKE
Published: June 2017

This article argues that Vladimir Nabokov's 1929 novel The Luzhin Defense demonstrates the importance of literary competition, rivalry, and co‐creation to the Russian interwar emigration, 1920–40. I look at the function of the novel in Nabokov's career, placing it in relation to his contemporaneous articles and reviews, demonstrating how it can be understood as a strategic move effecting his transition, in publishing terms, from Berlin to Paris, and from relative obscurity to broad acclaim. Furthermore, The Luzhin Defense, though often considered to be a literary chess problem, in fact focuses on the notion of artistic careers in exile. I examine two such threads: the underappreciated artistic communion between the protagonist Luzhin and his great rival Turati; and the parodic portrayal of Luzhin's father, who fails at length to write the kind of novel within which Nabokov places him. I propose the concept of underwriting to explain the role of Luzhin's father, whose conspicuous failure (or underwriting) guarantees (or underwrites) Nabokov's own successful entry into the premier journal of the emigration, Contemporary Annals in Paris. In my interpretation of Luzhin and Turati's chess match, I introduce a little‐known 1929 text comparing chess problems and chess competition by the contemporary (1927–35) chess world champion Alexander Alekhine, a fellow‐Russian émigré. In so doing, I show how Nabokov's sympathetic yet wary portrayal of art as a sporting competition reflects his own broader strategy of co‐creative opposition to his fellow writers in exile.
Using the regulation of accuracy to study performance when the correct answer is not known
Authors: Luna Karlos , Martín‐Luengo Beatriz
Published: June 2017

We examined memory performance in multiple‐choice questions when correct answers were not always present. How do participants answer when they are aware that the correct alternative may not be present? To answer this question we allowed participants to decide on the number of alternatives in their final answer (the plurality option), and whether they wanted to report or withhold their answer (report option). We also studied the memory benefits when both the plurality and the report options were available. In two experiments participants watched a crime and then answered questions with five alternatives. Half of the questions were presented with the correct alternative and half were not. Participants selected one alternative and rated confidence, then selected three alternatives and again rated confidence, and finally indicated whether they preferred the answer with one or with three alternatives (plurality option). Lastly, they decided whether to report or withhold the answer (report option). Results showed that participants’ confidence in their selections was higher, that they chose more single answers, and that they preferred to report more often when the correct alternative was presented. We also attempted to classify a posteriori questions as either presented with or without the correct alternative from participants’ selection. Classification was better than chance, and encouraging, but the forensic application of the classification technique is still limited since there was a large percentage of responses that were incorrectly classified. Our results also showed that the memory benefits of both plurality and report options overlap.
Migrant domestic workers and shifting strategies in organizing
Authors: Pérez Nancy
Published: June 2017

The mobilization of domestic workers in the United States has strengthened and grown nationally in the last 15 years, and scholars have been paying particular attention to the ways their organizing has undertaken innovative strategies to address social, cultural, and legal exclusions specific to migrant domestic workers. Research has focused on historicizing the entrenched colonial legacy of servitude and domesticity, but more recently studies have concentrated on documenting the challenges and victories domestic workers have achieved as a result of their legislative state campaigns for a Domestic Worker Bill of Rights. This article reviews recent research that analyzes the complex strategies employed in organizing, and the role that migrant domestic workers play in challenging the boundaries of citizenship and integrating a transnational dimension to domestic worker organizing. Although research shows that enforcement continues to be a central issue in states where a Domestic Workers Bill of Rights has been enacted, migrant domestic workers continue to strengthen the coalitional power that has shown to transform new directions in organizing that demand alternate ways of contemplating workers experiences as generating different principles of justice.
Punishment and status in collective action: How status hierarchiesfoster optimal punishment use
Authors: Vincent Aaron
Published: June 2017

I provide a brief overview of the literature on human cooperation, punishment, and social dilemmas. After reviewing relevant literature, I move on to a series of predictions, intertwining findings on punishment, public goods, and social status. Leaning onStatus Characteristics Theory, I explicate how the behavioral expectations that we derive from status positions foster a means of using punishment to secure public goods. Furthermore, I argue that we carry general expectations for high status actors to punish when deemed collectively necessary. Building on this expectation, I articulate how initially status‐homogenous groups can develop status ranks on the basis of punishment behavior, allowing task groups to mimic sanctioning institutions commonly seen in public goods research and everyday life.
The Social‐psychological Aspects of Team Formation: New Avenues for Research
Authors: Bailey Jasmón L. , Skvoretz John
Published: June 2017

The ubiquity of teams in the modern workplace cannot be denied, as Curseu, Kenis, and Raab (2009, p. 30) note, “team formation is a challenge in modern organizations as most of them use teams to perform a variety of organizational tasks.” How teams form is, therefore, a question of much practical interest. Research illustrates that stratified social systems influence the choice and decision‐making behaviors that shape group and team formation (Hechter, 1978). From a structural social psychological perspective (Sell & Kuipers, 2009; Lawler, Ridgeway, and Markovsky, 1993), teams are like microcosmic societies. They represent a process of social cohesion through interaction. Additionally, they can be organic, mechanical, homogeneous, and heterogeneous. In other words, teams are structural and cultural artifacts of societies. Members of society through interaction create these “social artifacts,” which may consist of hierarchically organizing sets of individuals into a group, or multiple groups, relative to power and status dimensions. In this paper, we aim to show how contributions from social psychology have informed research on team formation. Thus, two research questions guide this paper: What are the mechanisms of team formation via partner selection for self‐organizing teams? In what ways, can these studies advance scholarship focusing on the social psychology of inequality? To establish a foundation for understanding the various studies on team formation, we begin with a general overview on how team and team formation has been conceptualized. Next, we examine the social psychological research on team formation via partner selection. In doing so, we note the importance given to the 4 major mechanisms of team formation emerging from the literature: competence, homophily, familiarity, and affect. Lastly, we conclude the paper with a discussion addressing the research questions guiding this paper and suggest opportunities for social psychologists to consider for future team formation studies.
Auditory feature representation using convolutional restricted Boltzmann machine and Teager energy operator for speech recognition
Authors: Sailor Hardik B. , Patil Hemant A.
Published: June 2017

In this letter, authors propose an auditory feature representation technique with the filterbank learned using an annealing dropout convolutional restricted Boltzmann machine (ConvRBM) and noise-robust energy estimation using the Teager energy operator (TEO). TEO is applied on each subband of ConvRBM filterbank and pooled later to get the short-term spectral features. Experiments on AURORA 4 database show that the proposed features perform better than the Mel filterbank features. The relative improvement of 2.59%–11.63% and 1.26%–6.87% in word error rate is achieved using the time delay neural network and the bidirectional long short-term memory models, respectively.
Complete Genomic Sequence of
Dengue virus 1
, Isolated from Plasma Collected from a Haitian Child in 2014
Authors: Elbadry Maha , White Sarah , Loeb Julia , Tagliamonte Massimiliano , Salemi Marco , Beau De Rochars J. Valery Madsen , Okech Bernard , Morris Glenn , Lednicky John
Published: June 2017

An outbreak of dengue fever followed a chikungunya fever outbreak in Haiti in 2014. We detected
Dengue virus 1
(DENV-1) in plasma samples collected between May 2014 and February 2015. A representative isolate was fully sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that it groups within the genotype V South American and Caribbean DENV-1 clades.
Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli E28, a Multidrug-Resistant Strain Isolated from a Chicken Carcass, and Its Spontaneously Inducible Prophage
Authors: Schmidt Imke , Riedel Thomas , Schober Isabel , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Bierbrodt Anna , Lehnherr Hansjörg , Wittmann Johannes
Published: June 2017

In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of the multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
strain E28, which was used as an indicator strain for phage therapy
in vivo
. We used a combination of single-molecule real-time and Illumina sequencing technology to reveal the presence of a spontaneously inducible prophage.
Complete Genome Sequence of Veillonella atypica OK5, the First Transformable Strain in the Species
Authors: Zhou Peng , Xie Gary , Li Xiaoli , Liu Jinman , Qi Fengxia
Published: June 2017

The
Veillonella atypica
strain OK5 was isolated from a human saliva sample and was the first strain shown to be genetically transformable in the
Veillonella
genus. Genetic studies using this strain have helped us gain much insight into the ecology of human oral biofilms. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
V. atypica
OK5.
Complete Genome of a Panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain, Isolated from a Patient with Respiratory Failure in a Canadian Community Hospital
Authors: Xiong Jianhui , Déraspe Maxime , Iqbal Naeem , Krajden Sigmund , Chapman William , Dewar Ken , Roy Paul H.
Published: June 2017

We report here the complete genome sequence of a panresistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain, isolated from a patient with respiratory failure in Canada. No carbapenemase genes were identified. Carbapenem resistance is attributable to a frameshift in the
oprD
gene; the basis for colistin resistance remains undetermined.
Insular carcinoma arising on a background of follicular carcinoma, thyrolipomatosis and amyloid goitre
Authors: Loh Tze Ling , Latis Sergios , Ali Rohana Bibi , Patel Hemi
Published: June 2017

A 67-year-old man was referred with a history of a right-sided neck lump and dysphonia, secondary to a lesion in the thyroid gland. After undergoing a total thyroidectomy, he was found to have an exceedingly rare combination of follicular carcinoma, insular carcinoma, thyrolipomatosis and an amyloid goitre in his thyroid gland. He subsequently underwent further radioactive iodine ablation and has been in remission. He was also later incidentally diagnosed with systemic amyloidosis, which explained the amyloid deposition in his thyroid gland.
Folic acid attenuates homocysteine and enhances antioxidative capacity in atherosclerotic rats
Authors: Cui Shanshan , Li Wen , Lv Xin , Wang Pengyan , Huang Guowei , Gao Yuxia
Published: June 2017

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that can seriously endanger human life. Folic acid supplementation modulates several disorders, including atherosclerosis, via its antiapoptotic and antioxidative properties. This study investigated whether folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by restoring homocysteine levels and antioxidative capacity in atherosclerosis Wistar rats. To this end, 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 rats/group) as follows: (i) wild-type group, fed only the AIN-93 semi-purified rodent diet (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); (ii) high-fat + folic acid-deficient group (HF+DEF) (folic acid: 0.2 mg/kg); (iii) high-fat + normal folic acid group (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); and (iv) high-fat + folic acid-supplemented group (folic acid: 4.2 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, histopathological changes in the atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic arch were determined. In addition, serum folate levels, plasma homocysteine levels, plasma S-adenosyl-homocysteine levels, antioxidant status, oxidant status, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The results show aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in the HF+DEF group. Folic acid supplementation increased concentrations of serum folate. Further, folic acid supplementation increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, decreased plasma homocysteine levels, and improved antioxidant capacity in atherogenic rats. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by reducing plasma homocysteine levels and improving antioxidant capacity in rats fed a high-fat diet.
Study of front instability in advection–reaction–diffusion systems
Authors: Affan Hira , Friedrich Rudolf , Rehman Ayesha
Published: June 2017

We study the evolution of unstable front in reaction–diffusion systems analytically and derive the evolution equation for the fronts of a bistable system in the presence of advection. As an issue, we investigate the stability of planar fronts and explicitly show that the coupling to advection on the basis of the model of active fluids’ or, alternatively, on the model of an interfacial reaction can lead to an instability of the front, eventually leading to a fractalization of the chemical fronts.
Properties of single-layer graphene with supercell doped by one defect only
Authors: Wang Zongguo , Qin Shaojing , Wang Chuilin
Published: June 2017

Graphene has vast promising applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics because of its unique magnetic and electronic properties. Making use of an ab initio spin-polarized density functional theory, implemented by the method of the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof 06 (HSE06) hybrid functional, the properties of various defect dopants in a supercell of a semi-metal monolayer graphene were investigated. We found from our calculation that introducing one defect dopant in a supercell would break the spin sublattice symmetry, and will induce a magnetic state at some appropriate doping concentrations. This paper systematically analyzes the magnetic effects of three types of defects on graphene, that is, vacancy, substitutional dopant and adatoms. Different types of defects will induce various new properties in graphene. The energies and electronic properties of these three types of defects were also calculated.
Physical and spectroscopic studies on manganese ions in lead halo borate glasses
Authors: Sekhar K. Chandra , Hameed Abdul , Ramadevudu G. , Chary M. Narasimha , Shareefuddin Md.
Published: June 2017

Lead halo borate glass systems containing manganese ions have been investigated to study the role of halide ions on the physical, optical and EPR studies. The amorphous phase of the prepared glass samples [Formula: see text]PbX2–(30[Formula: see text])PbO–69.5B2O3–0.5MnO2 with X = F, Cl and Br and [Formula: see text] mol% was confirmed from their X-ray diffraction spectra. Ionic radii of the halides played an important role in the physical properties. From the optical absorption spectra, optical band gap and Urbach energy values were evaluated. The EPR spectra have shown a six-line hyperfine (HF) structure centered at [Formula: see text] and attributed to Mn[Formula: see text] centers in octahedral symmetry. The other signals at [Formula: see text] and 4.3 were attributed to the rhombic surroundings of Mn[Formula: see text] ions. The negative shift in [Formula: see text]-value revealed highly ionic environment around the Mn[Formula: see text] ion in the glass hosts. The HF splitting constant (A), number of spins (N) and susceptibility [Formula: see text] values of the prepared glasses were also reported.
STUDY ON GRANULARITY DISTRIBUTION OF POWDER BY FRACTAL MODELS
Authors: CHU HUAQIANG , REN FEI , ZHENG ZHIMIN , GU MINGYAN
Published: June 2017

The granularity distribution of powder is shown to have the fractal characters. Based on the fractal theory, three algebraic expressions for the fractal dimension, the cumulative probability and the mass distribution of particles were obtained. Three expressions are the functions of the concentration of particles, the diameter of particles, the maximum and the minimum particle diameters. No additional empirical constant is introduced in these expressions. These fractal models contain less empirical constants than the conventional correlations. The fractal behavior about coal particles was discussed in detail. Simulations were also performed by fractal Monte Carlo technique. The proposed technique may provide us a new approach to analyze the granularity distribution of powder.
SYNTHETIC MINORITY OVERSAMPLING TECHNIQUE AND FRACTAL DIMENSION FOR IDENTIFYING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: ZHANG YU-DONG , ZHANG YIN , PHILLIPS PREETHA , DONG ZHENGCHAO , WANG SHUIHUA
Published: June 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe brain disease. Early detection can provide timely treatment. Fractal dimension can provide statistical index of pattern changes with scale at a given brain image. In this study, our team used susceptibility weighted imaging technique to obtain 676 MS slices and 880 healthy slices. We used synthetic minority oversampling technique to process the unbalanced dataset. Then, we used Canny edge detector to extract distinguishing edges. The Minkowski–Bouligand dimension was a fractal dimension estimation method and used to extract features from edges. Single hidden layer neural network was used as the classifier. Finally, we proposed a three-segment representation biogeography-based optimization to train the classifier. Our method achieved a sensitivity of 97.78±1.29%, a specificity of 97.82±1.60% and an accuracy of 97.80±1.40%. The proposed method is superior to seven state-of-the-art methods in terms of sensitivity and accuracy.
THE PHENOMENON OF SURFACE MODIFICATION BY ELECTRO-DISCHARGE COATING PROCESS: A REVIEW
Authors: CHAKRABORTY SUJOY , KAR SIDDHARTHA , DEY VIDYUT , GHOSH SUBRATA KUMAR
Published: June 2017

Electro-discharge machining (EDM) process is one of the most successful non-conventional machining processes for the last three to four decades in machining very hard materials which are tough to machine by conventional machining process. In the EDM process, besides the erosion of workpiece material, the inherent nature of the process leads to some tool material removal also. This nature of EDM process has been exploited by the researchers which led to the invention of Electro-discharge coating (EDC). EDC is a surface modification technique where tool material gets deposited on the substrate surface due to the sparking effect. It works on reverse polarity to that of EDM. A literature review based on the phenomenon of surface improvement by EDC process and also the future drifts of its application are shown in this paper.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF HALIDE IONS ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN SULPHURIC ACID USING METHYL, N-METHYL ETHYL AND ETHYL SUBSTITUTED γ-2,c-6-DIPHENYL PIPERIDIN-4-ONE SEMICARBAZONES
Authors: PRIYA V. SHANMUGA , RANI C. UMA , VELRANI S.
Published: June 2017

The synergistic effect of halide ions such as KCl, KBr and KI on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 N sulphuric acid by [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl-t-3-methyl piperdin-4-ones with semicarbazone (01[Formula: see text]SC), [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl-N-methyl-t-3-ethyl piperdin-4-ones with semicarbazone (02[Formula: see text]SC) and 2,6-diphenyl-t-3-ethyl piperdin-4-one with semicarbazone (03[Formula: see text]SC) has been examined by weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical AC impedance spectroscopy. Results show that substituted [Formula: see text]-2,c-6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ones with semicarbazone act as the perfect corrosion inhibitors and their inhibition efficiency increases with the addition of halide ions. The inhibitor (01[Formula: see text]SC) shows the inhibition efficiency of 78.28% (0.2[Formula: see text]mM) by using a weight loss method. The influence of I[Formula: see text], Br[Formula: see text] and Cl[Formula: see text] anions raises the inhibition efficiency of the substituted 2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-ones with semicarbazone due to the synergistic effect. The synergistic effect of halide ions was formed in the following order: KI [Formula: see text] KBr [Formula: see text] KCl.
CORROSION PROTECTION OF ELECTROLESS PLATING Ni-P INCLUDING TiN NANOPARTICLES FOR BIPOLAR PLATES OF PEMFCs
Authors: PINGPING GAO , CHUN OUYANG , ZHIYONG XIE , TAO TAO
Published: June 2017

The Ni-P/TiN coating was used as bipolar plate by electroless plating on Ti. Surface morphology and phase structure of the coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD, respectively. Corrosion resistance of Ni-P and Ni-P/TiN coating was measured in the simulated solution of Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) was conducted by applied different forces. SEM images indicated that the particles of core–shell structure were formed on the surface of coating on Ti substrate. The core–shell structure was composed of TiN core and Ni-P electroless plating shell. Compared with Ni-P coatings, the Ni-P/TiN coating showed better corrosion resistance behaviors and low ICR (below 10[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] under pressure of 200 N/cm[Formula: see text]. TiN particles and distribution of core–shell were in favor of the formation of coating and compact surface morphology. The good conductivity was attributed to the compact surface morphology of coating. The Ni-P/TiN coating showed excellent interfacial conductivity and good corrosion resistance at applied high potential in simulated solution of PEMFCs.
THE KINETICS OF THE AS GROWN AND ANNEALED SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER STUDIED BY FORCE SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: HABIB HUMA , YASAR M. , MEHMOOD S. , RAFIQUE SAIMA , BHATTI A. S. , NAEEM AISHA
Published: June 2017

The growth of biological systems like DNA, peptides and proteins are accredited to the self-assembly processes from the molecular level to the nanoscale. The flawless immobilization of DNA on any surface is quite an important step to the development of DNA-based biosensors. The present paper reports the use of atomic force microscopy to determine the mechanical properties of the as grown and annealed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as well as the mutated DNA immobilized on the SAM. The SAM of alkane thiol (16-mercapto-1-hexadecanol) was developed on Au surface, which was then annealed and analyzed for its structural and mechanical properties. The surface coverage, height and monolayer’s order was studied as a function of incubation time and annealing time. Excessive annealing led to the defragmentation and desorption of SAM structures due to breaking of hydrocarbon bonds. AFM was employed to determine the detach separation, pull-off and work of adhesion of the as grown and annealed SAM.
THE ROLE OF PRESSURE TO QUANTIFY THE DEFECTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF GRAPHENE LAYERS
Authors: AMIT KUMAR , SHARMA RISHI
Published: June 2017

The work reports the traces of graphene synthesized by Thermal-CVD technique over oxidized silicon substrates coated with nickel and cobalt catalysts under different pressures. Other process parameters like temperature, gas composition and time are kept constant during the growth. Effect of pressure on the nature of defects and structure of the graphene has been analyzed by Raman spectra. Effect of pressure on morphology has also been studied. It has been observed that the variation of pressure is responsible for any change in the structure and morphology of the graphene for a given catalyst. Formation of graphene and its defects has been explained with the help of two-step diffusion process.