bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fully autonomous ozone, aerosol and nighttime water vapor lidar: a synergistic approach to profiling the atmosphere in the Canadian oil sands region
Authors: Strawbridge Kevin B. , Travis Michael S. , Firanski Bernard J. , Brook Jeffrey R. , Staebler Ralf , Leblanc Thierry
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Lidar technology has been rapidly advancing over the past several decades. It
can be used to measure a variety of atmospheric constituents at very high
temporal and spatial resolutions. While the number of lidars continues to
increase worldwide, there is generally a dependency on an operator,
particularly for high-powered lidar systems. Environment and Climate Change
Canada (ECCC) has recently developed a fully autonomous, mobile lidar system
called AMOLITE (Autonomous Mobile Ozone Lidar Instrument for Tropospheric
Experiments) to simultaneously measure the vertical profile of tropospheric
ozone, aerosol and water vapor (nighttime only) from near the ground to
altitudes reaching 10 to 15 km. This current system uses a dual-laser,
dual-lidar design housed in a single climate-controlled trailer. Ozone
profiles are measured by the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique
using a single 1 m Raman cell filled with CO2. The DIAL
wavelengths of 287 and 299 nm are generated as the second and third Stokes
lines resulting from stimulated Raman scattering of the cell pumped using the
fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (266 nm). The aerosol lidar transmits
three wavelengths simultaneously (355, 532 and 1064 nm) employing a detector
designed to measure the three backscatter channels, two nitrogen Raman
channels (387 and 607 nm) and one cross-polarization channel at 355 nm. In
addition, we added a water vapor channel arising from the Raman-shifted
355 nm output (407 nm) to provide nighttime water vapor profiles. AMOLITE
participated in a validation experiment alongside four other ozone DIAL
systems before being deployed to the ECCC Oski-ôtin ground site in the
Alberta oil sands region in November 2016. Ozone was found to increase
throughout the troposphere by as much as a factor of 2 from stratospheric
intrusions. The dry stratospheric air within the intrusion was measured to be
less than 0.2 g kg−1. A biomass burning event that impacted the region
over an 8-day period produced lidar ratios of 35 to 65 sr at 355 nm and 40
to 100 sr at 532. Over the same period the Ångström exponent
decreased from 1.56±0.2 to 1.35±0.2 in the 2–4 km smoke region.
Scalable Diagnostics and Data Compression for Global Atmospheric Chemistry using Ristretto Library (version 1.0)
Authors: Velagar Meghana , Erichson N. Benjamin , Keller Christoph A. , Kutz J. Nathan
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We introduce a new set of algorithmic tools capable of producing scalable, low-rank decompositions of global spatio-temporal atmospheric chemistry data. By exploiting emerging randomized linear algebra algorithms, a suite of decompositions are proposed that extract the dominant features from big data sets (i.e. global atmospheric chemistry at longitude, latitude and elevation) with improved interpretability. Importantly, our proposed algorithms scale with the intrinsic rank of the global chemistry space rather than the ever increasing spatio-temporal measurement space, thus allowing for efficient representation and compression of the data. In addition to scalability, two additional innovations are proposed for improved interpretability: (i) a non-negative decomposition of the data for improved interpretability by constraining the chemical space to have only positive expression values (unlike PCA analysis), and (ii) sparse matrix decompositions, which thresholds low-correlations to zero, thus highlighting the dominant, localized spatial activity (again unlike PCA analysis). Our methods are demonstrated on a full year of global chemistry dynamics data, showing its significant improvement in computational speed and interpretability. We show that the here presented decomposition methods successfully extract known major features of atmospheric chemistry, such as summertime surface pollution and biomass burning activities. Indeed, we find that the full annual model output can be reconstructed using only 50–100 principal modes, suggesting that the presented methods offer the potential to archive model data of atmospheric chemistry with compression factors in the range of 200–4000 or greater. In the emerging area of big data, specifically global chemistry monitoring, such technologies are critically enabling for real-time and computationally tractable diagnostics of both large scale simulation and measurement data.
Modelling the high-resolution dynamic exposure to flood in city-region
Authors: Zhu Xuehong , Dai Qiang , Han Dawei , Zhuo Lu , Zhu Shaonan , Zhang Shuliang
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Urban flooding exposure is generally investigated with the assumption of stationary disasters and disaster-bearing bodies within an event, and thus cannot satisfy the increasingly elaborative modelling and management of urban flood. In this study, a comprehensive method was developed to simulate dynamic exposure to urban flooding considering residents’ travel behavior. First, a flood simulation was conducted using the LISFLOOD-FP model to predict the spatio-temporal distribution of flooding. Second, an agent-based model was used to simulate residents’ movements during the period of urban flooding. Finally, to study the evolution and patterns of urban flooding exposure, the exposure of population, roads, and buildings to urban flooding was simulated using Lishui, China as the case study. The results indicated evident spatio-temporal variations in urban flooding and population distribution. Additionally, the exposure increased with increasing rainfall and flooding severity. The urban area near the Oujiang River was the most severely flooded and indicated the largest amount of exposure of population, roads, and buildings. Furthermore, the impacts of flooding on roads were greater than those on population and on buildings. This study presents the first fully formulated method for dynamic urban flood exposure simulation at high spatio-temporal resolution. The results of this study can provide baseline data for determining urban flood disaster vulnerability, socioeconomic loss assessment, urban disaster risk management, and for establishing emergency response plans.
Forecasting landslide mobility using an SPH model and ring shear strength tests: a case study
Authors: Yu Miao , Huang Yu , Deng Wenbin , Cheng Hualin
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Flow-like landslides, such as
flow slides and debris avalanches, have caused serious infrastructure damage
and casualties for centuries. Effective numerical simulation incorporating
accurate soil mechanical parameters is essential for predicting post-failure
landslide mobility. In this study, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
incorporating soil ring shear test results were used to forecast the
long-runout mobility for a landslide on an unstable slope in China. First, a
series of ring shear tests under different axial stresses and shear
velocities were conducted to evaluate the residual shear strength of slip
zones after extensive shear deformation. Based on the ring shear test
results, SPH modeling was conducted to predict the post-failure mobility of a
previously identified unstable slope. The results indicate that the landslide
would cut a fire service road on the slope after 12 s and cover an expressway at the
foot of that slope after 36 s. In the model, the landslide would finally
stop sliding about 38 m beyond the foot of the slope after 200 s. This
study extends the application of the SPH model from disaster simulations to
predictive analysis of unstable landslide. In addition, two sets of
comparative calculations were carried out which demonstrate the robustness of
the SPH method.
Modelling the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps under the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble
Authors: Zekollari Harry , Huss Matthias , Farinotti Daniel
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Glaciers in the European Alps play an important role in the hydrological cycle, act as a source for hydroelectricity and have a large touristic importance. The future evolution of these glaciers is driven by surface mass balance and ice flow processes, which the latter is to date not included in regional glacier projections for the Alps. Here, we model the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps with GloGEMflow, an extended version of the Global Glacier Evolution Model (GloGEM), in which both surface mass balance and ice flow are explicitly accounted for. The mass balance model is calibrated with glacier-specific geodetic mass balances, and forced with high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble. The evolution of the total glacier volume in the coming decades is relatively similar under the various representative concentrations pathways (RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5), with volume losses of about 47–52 % in 2050 with respect to 2017. We find that under RCP2.6, the ice loss in the second part of the 21st century is relatively limited and that about one-third (36.8 % ± 11.1 %) of the present-day (2017) ice volume will still present in 2100. Under a strong warming (RCP8.5) the future evolution of the glaciers is dictated by a substantial increase in surface melt, and glaciers are projected to largely disappear by 2100 (94.4 ± 4.4 % volume loss vs. 2017). For a given RCP, differences in future changes are mainly determined by the driving global climate model, rather than by the RCM that is coupled to it, and these differences are larger than those arising from various model parameters. We find that under a limited warming, the inclusion of ice dynamics reduces the projected mass loss and that this effect increases with the glacier elevation range, implying that the inclusion of ice dynamics is likely to be important for global glacier evolution projections.
El otro lado de la modernidad boliviana. "Vuelve Sebastiana" y la reconfiguración de las coordenadas espacio temporales para pensar la Nación
Authors: Salinas Zabalaga Jaime Omar
Published: December 2018

Este artículo analiza el film Vuelve Sebastiana (1953) de Jorge Ruiz, centrándose en sus dimensiones estéticas e ideológicas. El propósito del análisis es poner en diálogo la idea de “nación” propuesta por el film en el marco de las transformaciones culturales que vinieron de la mano de las políticas económicas y sociales impulsadas por la Revolución Nacional de 1952, y la forma en que la comunidad chipaya es representada. La hipótesis central del artículo establece que el film de Ruiz debe ser entendido no sólo como expresión de la nueva identidad nacional que empieza a articularse bajo el proyecto revolucionario, sino sobre todo como expresión de un nuevo imaginario nacional que empieza a configurarse en relación con las comunidades indígenas del altiplano. El artículo sostiene que la representación de la nación, con base en las nuevas cartografías espacio temporales del proyecto modernizador revolucionario, visibiliza las tensiones y contradicciones de este proyecto y el lugar que en el nuevo imaginario nacional ocupan las comunidades indígenas. En este sentido, Vuelve Sebastiana permite leer, desde estos desencuentros, la reconfiguración del imaginario que ha redefinido las relaciones entre el Estado y las comunidades indígenas del altiplano a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
Los misiles chinos: Crónica de un desarme
Authors: Tellería Escobar Loreta
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo describe, en formato de crónica, los principales acontecimientos sucedidos en el denominado caso de los “misiles chinos”. Es  decir, la entrega, para su desmantelamiento, de los únicos misiles con los que contaba Bolivia como mecanismo de defensa antiaérea, a personal militar del gobierno de Estados Unidos. El hecho sucedió meses antes de las elecciones generales de diciembre de 2005, en las cuales Evo Morales obtuvo la presidencia, y después de un largo proceso de crisis e inestabilidad política en el país (2003-2005). Así mismo, se identifican las principales evidencias y consecuencias políticas e institucionales de la subordinación militar a una potencia extranjera, todas ellas permeadas por aspectos tales como injerencia, pérdida de soberanía e impunidad.
Pablo Estefanoni. Los inconformistas del centenario: Intelectuales, socialismo y nación en una Bolivia en crisis (1925-1939). 384 páginas. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2015.
Authors: Cunha Filho Clayton Mendonça
Published: December 2018

Pablo Estefanoni. Los inconformistas del centenario: Intelectuales, socialismo y nación en una Bolivia en crisis (1925-1939).  384 páginas. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2015.
Stephen C. Cote. Oil and Nation: A History of Bolivia’s Petroleum Sector. xxiii, 225 pages. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2016.
Authors: Anaya Giorgis Juan José
Published: December 2018

Stephen C. Cote. Oil and Nation: A History of Bolivia’s Petroleum Sector. xxiii, 225 pages. Morgantown:  West Virginia University Press, 2016.
Conversing with Lawrence C. Heilman’s USAID in Bolivia: Partner or Patrón?
Authors: Krueger Chris
Published: December 2018

This piece works off the contents of Larry Heilman´s book also based largely on his personal experience of decades in USAID and subsequent research over at least ten years. The first part follows the chronology of his work, that covers some 70 years of U.S. development assistance to Bolivia citing key points for each period. A second part provides information about the view of development/wellbeing in today’s Bolivia. Finally, some elements are presented to consider a possible new era of cooperation beyond the current impasse.
Geopolítica del sentido común: ¿por qué triunfa Bolsonaro?
Authors: Bautista S. Rafael
Published: December 2018

No Abstract
Bolivia Reader
Authors: . .
Published: December 2018

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The Female Body as the Site of Male Violence during the Partition of India in Bapsi Sidhwa’s "Ice-Candy-Man"
Authors: Dey Arunima
Published: December 2018

This paper on Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man intends to undertake a comprehensive investigation of various forms of gendered violence during the partition of India. An analysis of the central female figure of Ayah underscores how acts of abduction and rape use woman’s sexuality as a tool to articulate religious/national enmity. Moreover, the paper will claim that Ayah’s abduction can be read as a punishment for her lack of adherence to cultural norms, which was expected from women during partition period, thereby highlighting that women’s bodies were (and continue to be) under patriarchal surveillance and regulation, and those who fail to abide by societal rules are inevitably discarded. Next, I intend to explore the effective use of female agency and solidarity in the novel as a means to counter male violence and subjugation. Furthermore, I will comment on the treatment of abducted/raped women by the patriarchal state to expose the social reality post partition where victimised women, due to their altered position as contaminated sexual beings, were ostracised by society. In essence, by investigating gendered violence during partition followed by continued societal victimisation of the female survivors, this paper will highlight how Sidhwa’s novel contributes to a thus far silenced gynocentric reading of partition history.
La Renta Básica Universal basada en la evidencia
Authors: Tena Camporesi Alberto
Published: December 2018

Los proyectos pilotos de Renta Básica Universal (RBU) que se han ido implantando en distintos países del mundo han generado en Europa un gran interés, tanto por los datos recopilados, como por su alcance teórico. Este artículo analiza la evidencia empírica y modelos de experimentación de las políticas de RBU, a partir del mayor o menor grado de información sobre la previsibilidad de su impacto social que nos proporciona cada uno de ellos. Para ello revisamos la intención, el diseño y los resultados obtenidos de los diferentes casos y modelos experimentales a lo largo del tiempo y en diferentes países. En general, encontramos que ninguno de estos experimentos es en sí mismo suficiente para dotarnos de la evidencia que permita anticipar el impacto en todas las variables implicadas en el desarrollo de una RBU a largo plazo en contextos concretos. Pero al mismo tiempo este conjunto de evidencias traslada la carga de prueba hacia los detractores de la RBU: ninguno de sus efectos negativos queda probado con el análisis empírico. Este conjunto de evidencias apunta a una heterogeneidad de efectos que debe ser una referencia insoslayable para reducir la incertidumbre sobre el impacto de la RBU, para incorporar al análisis nuevas variables relevantes o para mejorar el diseño de su implementación.
Grafite e poéticas compartilhadas no Pátio Humanidades da UFG
Authors: Maria Chaud Eliane , Soares Marcos Antônio
Published: December 2018

Resumo
História fotografada, história (com)partilhada: imagens e vozes de Cotia
Authors: Chaves Nunes Sandra Regina
Published: December 2018

Resumo Esse artigo discorrerá sobre os caminhos – teóricos ou não –condutores à construção do blog – álbum – do cotidiano demoradores da cidade de Cotia: História Fotografada, História(Com)Partilhada . O blog surge do desejo de experimentaçãode novas metodologias para o ensino da linguagem populare culta, da narração pela palavra e pela imagem, e centra-seem fragmentos narrados da história de fotografias escolhidas pelos personagens centrais do momento capturado porelas. Esses fragmentos fazem parte de textos transcritose transcriados pelos alunos de Comunicação e Expressãodos Cursos de Gestão Empresarial e Gestão da ProduçãoIndustrial da Fatec Cotia.
Between the Desire for Law and the Law of Desire: #MeToo and the Cost of Telling the Truth Today
Authors: Burgess Sarah K.
Published: December 2018

This article examines the kairotic beginnings of the #MeToo movement in order to understand what we are to make of this moment. It shows that commentaries about #MeToo unfold as a debate over the desire for law and the law of desire, ceding the contingent kairotic moment in which we might remake our contemporary political landscapes. As such, I argue that movements dedicated to ending sexual violence must reimagine the scene of address in which demands for justice might be spoken and their speech recognized as the truth. This project is complicated, however, by a post-truth era in which telling the truth matters little because truth itself has been devalued. Through this lens, we can see that the cost of telling the truth in the terms of the established debate is the creation of a form of identity politics that reinforces post-truth logics rather than intervening in them.
On the Erosion of Democracy by Truth
Authors: Vivian Bradford
Published: December 2018

This article proposes a counterintuitive approach to the timely phenomenon of so-called post-truth politics. The article argues that the premise of a post-truth politics misdiagnoses the particular crisis of truth that now threatens to undermine democratic norms and institutions. Social and political appeals cited as prime examples of an allegedly proliferating “post-truth” mentality do not abandon truth; those appeals rationalize available forms of truth conducive to the legitimation of authoritarian power. They do so, the article maintains, by simultaneously undermining opportunities for pluralistic deliberation over conditions of truth itself and promoting extra-deliberative versions of truth (based on biological supremacy, historical destiny, or cultural heritage). In supporting these claims, the analysis shows how the spread of particular forms of truth (not the simple loss of it) can erode democracies from within and, concomitantly, how authoritarian regimes may be invested in a regime of truth as much as any other sociopolitical system.
Novel compounding and the emergence of structure in two young sign languages
Authors: Tkachman Oksana , Meir Irit
Published: December 2018

This paper investigates how structure emerges in a young language, focusing on compounding in two young sign languages, Israeli Sign Language (ISL) and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL). We focus on novel compounds (tokens invented on the spot) to ensure that we are studying a productive process and to avoid issues contingent with lexicalization. We found that both languages make use both of compounding and size-and-shape classifier constructions (SASS-constructions), but ISL and ABSL have conventionalized different structures and the structures they do use are conventionalized to different degrees. We discuss the similarities and differences of those constructions in ISL and ABSL in the context of structure emergence and language evolution.
Review of the Current Status of the Offshoring Industry: Insights for Practice
Authors: Harshani De Silva Liyanachchi Mahesha
Published: December 2018

The aim of this literature review is to analyze the current situation of the offshoring industry and relate the offshoring practices into Sri Lankan context to identify the loopholes. Thereby this review identifies the challenges and opportunities for the expansion of offshoring industry in general and specific to Sri Lanka as a destination. Based on the review of 120 offshoring articles, this study extracts the insights for practice based on popular offshoring frameworks. Mainly three key major models were identified including Chile offshore services value chain, key provider evaluation criterion and A. T Kearney Global Services Location Index. These frameworks are presented with the aim of identifying a suitable study framework for future research in relation to the Sri Lankan context. This Literature review is organized into four sections such as offshoring: definitions & terms, current situation analysis, challenges of offshoring and research frameworks.
Spatial Correlation of Regional Economic Growth and Regional Coordinated Development Research -----An Empirical Study of Sichuan Province in China
Authors: Liu Fengrong , Tang Zhengxia , Hou Lapo
Published: December 2018

Regional economic growth is spatially correlated. With regard to spatial correlation mechanism and characteristics, Network Analysis Method is applied in this paper to discuss the interactions and paths of regional economic development. An empirical study is thus carried out on 18 cities and 3 autonomous prefectures of Sichuan Province to measure their economic network connections and features. We draw main conclusions from this study: (1) the economic network of Sichuan Province shows a typical Core-Periphery structure with Chengdu, the capital city, in the center; (2) geographic location as well as factors such as industrial distributions impose impacts on the formation of the network structure. Finally, based on qualitative evidence and theory discussion, we come up with several suggestions to the coordinated economic development of Sichuan Province.
O uso de redes sociais virtuais para fins laborais no ambiente organizacional: um estudo à luz da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS)
Authors: Giudice da Silva Cezar Bibiana , Cassanego Jr. Paulo , Benedetti Corso Kathiane
Published: December 2018

As redes sociais virtuais vêm sendo incorporadas nas relações de trabalho contemporâneas desempenhando um papel de disseminação da informação. Nesse contexto, tem-se como objetivo geral analisar a estrutura da rede social formada a partir de grupos em redes sociais virtuais entre colaboradores de uma organização. Adotou-se o método Análise de Redes Sociais solicitando aos respondentes que citassem os integrantes dos grupos de redes sociais virtuais relacionados a questões laborais dos quais participam. Utilizaram-se métricas de centralidade, densidade e modularidade no software Gephi 0.9.1 para construir a rede e analisa-la. A partir da identificação de 23 grupos diferentes, mapeou-se uma rede de afiliação não direcionada composta por 68 nós e 1501 arestas, densa e estruturada em quatro módulos. Os colaboradores mais centrais apresentam diferentes setores e posições. Isso indica que informações laborais são disseminadas virtualmente de maneira heterogênea. Alguns papeis centrais na rede social mapeada não coincidem com a estrutura organizacional formal.
Egocentric Network Analysis. Foundations, Methods, and Models
Authors: Molina González José Luis
Published: December 2018

Pocas veces he tenido la sensación de entender tantas cosas leyendo un libro como con Egocentric Network Analysis: Foundations, Methods, and Models, de Brea L. Perry, Bernice A. Pescosolido y Stephen P. Borgatti.  Es uno de esos libros donde cada lector encuentra justo lo que estaba buscando, una definición, un concepto, una medida, una reflexión. Como el ya clásico Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications de Stanley Wasserman y Katherine Faust (1994) éste es un libro que también se propone delinear y compendiar un campo teórico mirando al futuro. Y creo que lo consigue. Es justo decir que los autores han reunido de forma equilibrada tanto la reflexión teórica basada en una revisión autorizada de la literatura y sus métodos, como una agenda de investigación dentro del campo de la ciencia de las redes. Eran las personas adecuadas para hacerlo.
Will robots pick strawberries?
Authors: Sobiecki Prof. Robert
Published: December 2018

The subject of the essay is a rapidly progressing process of robotization of economies. Poland is one of the countries with high dynamics of introducing robots. This is the effect of increasing labour force deficit and growing labour costs. According to data from the Inter-national Federation of Robotics, between 2011 and 2016 the number of such devices in Poland increased by 20% on a yearly average. Using the example of the process of mecha-nisation in agriculture, the Author demonstrates the problems that robotization can solve, but can also create new ones.
Poland facing development challenges
Authors: Szymański Prof. zw. dr hab. Władysław
Published: December 2018

The main threat to the economic development of Poland is the danger of overlapping of two processes – the decline in the growth of the working age population and the outflow of young, talented and educated people to richer countries. Therefore, the most important goal of the economic policy should be rapid making up the gap to the average EU level. This can be impeded by the current state of public finances, due to high level of debt. Moreo-ver, there are also other factors, which under certain conditions, may lead to a cumulative negative effect, which in turn would threaten the financial stability of the budget. At the same time, the bases of competitiveness of the economy gradually expire, which requires transition to the competition of a qualitative nature. According to the Author, an oppor-tunity to avoid the threat is to use the global market more extensively.
He suggests public innovation in a form of the so-called smart company incubators.
Controversies around Economics and Economists
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław
Published: December 2018

Economics, like other sciences, is met with critical remarks and polemics from other areas of knowledge related to their findings and achievements. However, what distinguishes the critical trend towards economics and economists, especially in recent years, is special. It is characterized first of all by the exceptional intensity of critics, often taking the form of an attack, depreciating the status of economics as a science, and secondly, more and more frequent critical comments from the economists themselves. These issues are the subject of this article.
The author tries to identify the main reasons for these critical remarks, he is considering the reality of the economic crisis and the sources of weakening the social prestige of economists. In conclusion, the actions necessary to reverse these trends that are unfavor-able for economics and economists are outlined.
Concept of Family Governance
Authors: Lipiec Jacek
Published: December 2018

This article presents the concept of family governance based on the experience gained in the Roleski firm (the Constitution of Roleski family firm established in 2010) and the Łapaj firm (the Inheritance Statute of the Łapaj Group, 2011). The family governance has evolved from the corporate governance by taking into account the specific interaction of a family with a firm which manifests itself mainly in respecting family values. Based on experiences gained in both firms the process of building family governance was presented. It may be used by other family firms in implementing similar solutions that may help them to maintain the long-lasting development.
Simultaneous Quantification of Pharmacological Markers Quercetin and Berberine Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from a Polyherbal Formulation Pushyanuga Churna
Authors: Shailajan Sunita , Patil Yugandhara , Joshi Mayuresh , Menon Sasikumar , Mhatre Mandar
Published: December 2018

Background: Ayurvedic medicines show great promise due to their holistic approach in the treatment of diseases. But proper standardization is necessary for their integration into mainstream medicine. One such well-known formulation is Pushyanuga Churna. As safety and efficacy of a multiherbal formulation is dependent on the authenticity of the ingredients used, chromatographic techniques play a significant role in the quality control of complex herbal medicines. Objective: In the current research, marker-based standardization of Pushyanuga Churna using validated HPTLC and HPLC methods have been established. Methods: Pushyanuga Churna was prepared in-house using authentic ingredients. Pharmacologically active biomarkers quercetin and berberine were simultaneously estimated using validated HPTLC and HPLC methods. Chromatographic fingerprints were developed for the formulation along with all the ingredients that can be used as tools to identify Pushyanuga Churna. Results: In-house formulation and Patanjali (marketed formulation) were observed to be rich in both markers. Quercetin was found to be more abundant than berberine in the ingredients. The deviation of marker content in marketed formulations can be attributed to variation in the ingredients used in the preparation. Conclusions: The routine use of such scientifically accepted methods will help in establishing the quality of the formulation and help in building confidence in traditional medicine. Highlights: The study highlights evaluation of biomarkers from the formulation and its ingredients as an important method to ensure the batch to batch consistency in quality of the formulation.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Active Constituents in a Polyherbal Ointment by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Patel Vishal R , Soni Hardik K , Trivedi Vikram B , Patel Jigna B , Jain Suresh
Published: December 2018

Background: The simultaneous, quantitative determination of all active ingredients present in the analgesic formulation (Dazzle ointment) requires an ideal and novel method by which these phytoconstituents can be separated with the highest resolution without any interference from one another. Objective: The present work was conducted to develop and validate a quantitative method for the simultaneous estimation of all five phytoconstituents present in a polyherbal analgesic ointment by GC. Methods: α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate present in the ingredients of the ointment were analyzed and quantified by GC using a crosslinked 5% phenyl polydimethylsiloxane capillary column, nitrogen as a carrier gas, and a flame-ionization detector. Aniline was used as the internal standard. Method validation was also performed in order to demonstrate its selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. Results: The calibration curves of all five marker compounds showed good linear correlation coefficients (r2 >0.998) within the tested ranges. The precision of the method was tested by carrying out intra- and interday analyses of the same sample. RSD values were observed to be <1.00%. The accuracy of the method, determined by performing recovery studies, was found to be between 99.25 and 101.39%. The developed method was also demonstrated to be robust (RSD <1.29%) by making small but deliberate variations in method parameters. Conclusions: The developed GC method is simple, precise, and accurate, it and can be used for the rapid quality control testing of the polyherbal formulation. Highlights: The developed GC method will assist in the standardization of polyherbal analgesic formulation consists of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, menthol, and methyl salicylate as active constituents.
Los efectos de la posverdad en la democracia
Authors: Rubio Núñez Rafael
Published: December 2018

Resumen:Política y verdad no van siempre de la mano. Tradicionalmente la diversidad de actores políticos, el derecho a la información y el papel de los medios de comunicación ha logrado un equilibrio imprescindible para el desarrollo de la democracia. La tecnología ha transformado de manera revolucionaria la comunicación, impactando en las formas de captar, almacenar, producir, distribuir y percibir la información convertida en materia prima imprescindible de las relaciones económicas, industriales y sociales. Esta transformación afecta de manera especial a la política, con la aparición de un nuevo tipo de trastornos informativos que inciden no sólo en la capacidad de distribución, sino también en el tiempo de la misma, la sentimentalización de las decisiones políticas, la fragmentación de la opinión pública, la creación de esferas públicas paralelas polarizadas y la creación de un clima de sospecha general que pone en cuestión el papel de la verdad y pone en peligro la democracia, más allá de los periodos electorales.Summary:1. Communication and Society. 1.1. Truth and Politics: a weird relationship. 2. Not such a novelty. 3. What is post-truth politics? 3.1. What is new about post-truth politics? 3.1.a. Fiction or reality? 3.1.b The importance of image. 3.1.c A distorted reality. / The distortion of reality. 3.1.d. Timing. 3.1.e. Transparency and information overload. 3.1.f. Perception and cognitive dissonance. 3.1.g. Fragmentation and polarization. 3.1.h. Hyperconnectivity and communication parties. 4. Truth and Democracy. 5. The effects of post-truth politics on democracy. 6. Catalonia: a testing ground for post-truth politics. Abstract:Politics and truth do not always go hand in hand. Traditionally, the diversity of political actors, access to information and the role of the media have achieved an essential balance for the development of democracy. Technology has transformed communication in a revolutionary way, influencing the ways of producing, transmitting, distributing and perceiving information, converted into essential raw material for economic, industrial and social relations. This transformation affects politics in a special way, with the appearance of a new type of information disruptions which affect not only the distribution capacity, but also the timing of it, the sentimentalization of political decisions, the fragmentation of the public opinion, the creation of polarized parallel public spheres and the creation of a climate of general suspicion that questions the role of truth and endangers democracy, beyond the electoral periods.
Digital selv-tracking i arbejdslivet: The Business of Sleep
Authors: Haahr Lars , Elmholdt Kasper Trolle , Elmholdt Claus
Published: December 2018

Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan vi kan forstå brugen af digital selv-tracking i en arbejdslivskontekst. Med et fokus på teknologi-i-brug undersøger vi, hvordan ansvar og grænser mellem arbejdsliv- og privatliv forhandles og genforhandles i samspil med den digitale selv-tracking teknologi. Vi viser, hvordan teknologien afstedkommer, at medarbejdere og ledelse forsøger at gøre søvn til både et privat ansvar og et ansvar for virksomheden. Som resultat heraf bliver grænser for arbejde samt årsager til dårlig søvn, arbejdspræstationer og trivsel genstand for løbende forhandling. Vi argumenterer for, at denne form for måleteknologi ikke kun producerer klarhed og stabilitet i forhold til det, der måles, men i høj grad også destabiliserer og dermed skaber uklarhed, hvilket kan skabe udfordringer i forhold til det, som egentlig forsøges optimeret.
Dynamique et transmission linguistique au Sénégal au cours des 25 dernières années1
Authors: Diouf Ibrahima , Tidiane Ndiaye Cheikh , Binta Dieme Ndèye
Published: December 2018

Véhicule de connaissances traditionnelles, les langues autochtones au Sénégal
subissent aujourd’hui l’effet combiné des nouvelles configurations familiales et des
dynamiques migratoires. Dans l’administration publique et l’enseignement, le français s’est
imposé. Partant des quatre derniers recensements généraux de population, cette étude
présente l’évolution des caractéristiques démo-linguistiques de la population du Sénégal.
L’accent est mis sur une analyse dynamique de la langue maternelle, les questions de
transfert ou de substitution au profit d’une langue d’usage et la place du français dans
l’univers linguistique national. Ces préoccupations rejoignent la question lancinante de
l’introduction des langues africaines à l’école qui constitue encore le noeud gordien du
système éducatif sénégalais. Comment évoluent les langues maternelles au Sénégal ? Dans
quelles zones ou aires géographiques les enfants perdent-ils la pratique des langues
familiales ? Répondre à toutes ces questions nous permettra de dresser l’architecture
linguistique qui mettra en valeur, non seulement les langues locales, mais également les
parlers nationaux qui faciliteront leur intégration dans le système éducatif.
Langues parlées au sein du ménage et assimilation linguistique au Bénin
Authors: Amadou Sanni Mouftaou
Published: December 2018

Par comparaison de l’appartenance ethnique et la principale langue parlée au sein du ménage tel que déclarée au recensement de la population de 2013, cet article examine l’assimilation linguistique au Bénin. Son taux est estimé à 7 % dans le pays. Phénomène quasi urbain, il affecte tous les groupes ethniques à l’extérieur de leurs aires d’implantation, mais plus souvent les personnes non apparentées au chef de ménage, soupçonnant le rôle des migrations. Le fon, qui assimile systématiquement l’adja et le yoruba en recul est la véritable langue en expansion. Le dendi assimile également les langues nationales du Nord-Bénin, avec une légère expansion. Mais si l’assimilation linguistique s’accomplit vers le fon ou le dendi, elle l’est sûrement aussi vers le français ; c’est la première langue d’assimilation des personnes non apparentées au chef dans les ménages des agglomérations urbaines. Une analyse approfondie centrée sur l’âge et le sexe permettra plus d’éclairage sur les facteurs de ce phénomène.
La transmission des langues en Martinique, en Guadeloupe et à La Réunion1
Authors: Beck Baptiste
Published: December 2018

Dès l’acquisition du statut de département par la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et La Réunion en 1946, l’école devient obligatoire pour les enfants dans les trois vieilles colonies françaises. Les contacts entre le français et le créole, jusque-là marqués par le passé colonial, évoluent. L’objectif de l’article est de décrire l’évolution de la transmission du français et du créole dans les départements d’outre-mer depuis la départementalisation. Les données sont issues de l’enquête Migrations-Famille-Vieillissement (MFV, INSEE-INED) réalisée en 2009. Les principales variables linguistiques exploitées sont les langues reçues à l’enfance et les langues parlées avec les enfants. La diffusion du français au fil des générations est mise en avant. À l’inverse, le créole dépend de plus en plus de l’instauration et la pérennisation d’un bilinguisme français-créole, particulièrement dans les Antilles.
Plurilinguisme au sein des familles canadiennes : les langues officielles pénètrent l’espace familial des Canadiens de toutes origines1
Authors: Lepage Jean-François
Published: December 2018

L’importance du rôle de l’immigration dans la croissance démographique exerce une forte influence sur l’évolution des dynamiques linguistiques et du paysage linguistique au Canada. Les derniers recensements canadiens permettent de constater une diversification linguistique dont témoigne la part croissante des langues maternelles et des langues d’usage au foyer tierces (autres que française ou anglaise). On observe une croissance des « situations complexes » dans l’utilisation des langues au foyer : la proportion de la population qui n’utilise que sa langue maternelle à la maison a diminué de 4,5 points de pourcentage entre 2001 et 2016. On constate le fort pouvoir d’attraction de la langue majoritaire, particulièrement dans le cas de l’anglais. La « complexification » du portrait linguistique familial est majoritairement le fait de l’ajout d’une langue officielle, principalement la langue officielle majoritaire. Plus de 80 % des enfants issus de couples de langue maternelle tierce sont exposés sur une base régulière à au moins une langue officielle à la maison.
La mortalité des médecins au Québec entre 1993 et 2010 : une estimation à partir de données administratives1
Authors: Azeredo Teixeira Ana Cristina , Bourbeau Robert
Published: December 2018

Plusieurs études démontrent l’existence d’une association entre la mortalité et le statut socioéconomique : les personnes appartenant aux catégories sociales les plus favorisées ont une mortalité plus faible que celles appartenant aux catégories défavorisées. Les données nécessaires à ce type d’analyse ne sont pas toujours disponibles et des études sont parfois menées auprès des groupes professionnels spécifiques. Cet article fournit une estimation de la mortalité des hommes médecins au Québec faite à partir des données d’un fichier administratif du Collège des médecins du Québec. Les résultats obtenus montrent une diminution de la mortalité des hommes médecins au cours de la période étudiée (1993 à 2010), mais les différences ne sont significatives que pour les groupes d’âge à partir d’environ 60 ans. Lorsqu’on compare la mortalité des médecins à celle de l’ensemble de la population masculine québécoise, nous constatons une mortalité plus faible chez les hommes médecins inscrits au tableau des membres du Collège des médecins. Finalement, cette étude ne montre pas de différence significative entre la mortalité des hommes médecins omnipraticiens et celle des hommes médecins spécialistes.
Présentation
Authors: Baya-Laffite Nicolas , Benbouzid Bilel
Published: December 2018

S’il est admis que les techniques d’enquête en sociologie — et les modes de raisonnement qui leur sont associés — sont étroitement liées à leurs contextes institutionnels et intellectuels d’apparition, comment le développement des écosystèmes numériques transforme-t-il actuellement les manières de savoir sur le social ? Dans cet article introductif, nous observons la façon dont les sciences sociales computationnelles (SSC) et les humanités numériques mettent en tension la sociologie. D’un côté, les sciences sociales computationnelles concurrencent la sociologie en traitant de ses objets les plus classiques, mais dans une perspective prédictive qui ne lui est pas familière. D’un autre côté, les humanités numériques s’imaginent comme le chapiteau des sciences sociales, mais avec une offre numérique qui s’inscrit dans la tradition méthodologique de l’exégèse textuelle de laquelle les sociologues cherchent à se distancier. La sociologie se trouve comme prise dans l’étau des sciences sociales computationnelles et des humanités numériques. Nous avons observé trois types de réactions face à cette situation — la protection, la conservation et l’adaptation — qui montrent à quel point le numérique pénètre progressivement la discipline sociologique, depuis son propre coeur. Pour que celle-ci devienne pleinement numérique, il convient néanmoins de faciliter les conditions d’accès aux données numériques, notamment en discutant le cadre juridique, économique et technique des écosystèmes numériques de la recherche publique.
Repenser la sociologie du numérique à l’aune de notre vie commune avec les robots sociaux
Authors: Glassey Olivier
Published: December 2018

L’article se concentre sur les implications théoriques et empiriques de la coprésence d’humains et de robots sociaux au sein des espaces de sociabilité numériques. Il explore les modalités de cette coprésence en examinant deux types de situations que sont les discours médiatiques relativement au trouble occasionné par les robots et la manière dont les chercheurs descomputer studiesanalysent cette présence en ligne. L’article montre que ces processus d’identification et de catégorisation des robots sociaux participent simultanément d’un travail de redéfinition de ce qui est le propre de l’humain. Sur cette base, il défend la thèse qu’il devient difficile d’envisager une sociologie des usages du numérique qui s’exonère de l’examen de ces entités non humaines anthropomorphes.
L’analyse des grands réseaux évolutifs et la sociologie pragmatique des controverses
Authors: Chateauraynaud Francis , Chavalarias David
Published: December 2018

En prenant appui sur l’expérience inédite du rapprochement de deux logiques d’enquête conçues comme antinomiques dans leurs raisonnements épistémologiques en sciences sociales, cet article explore les modalités d’articulation d’une approche mathématisée des grands réseaux, calculés à partir de flux du Web, et d’une approche socioinformatique des controverses, dont les corpus retracent des jeux d’acteurs et d’arguments évoluant au fil de processus critiques. Il s’agit d’apprendre à lire et interpréter dynamiquement, à l’aide de médiations numériques pointant sur les deux espaces de raisonnement, la manière dont se déplacent, sous l’impact d’événements, de décisions ou de conflits, des noeuds de réseaux saisis dans de vastes ensembles documentaires. L’agencement cognitif collectif qui émerge de ce croisement peut créer de nouvelles prises critiques sur la manière dont les processus sociaux se déploient dans les mondes numériques, des sites officiels aux médias sociaux.
NKB signaling in the posterodorsal medial amygdala stimulates gonadotropin release in a kisspeptin-independent manner in female mice
Authors: Fergani Chrysanthi , Leon Silvia , Padilla Stephanie L , Verstegen Anne MJ , Palmiter Richard D , Navarro Victor M
Published: December 2018

Neurokinin B (NKB) signaling is critical for reproduction in all studied species. The existing consensus is that NKB induces GnRH release via kisspeptin (Kiss1) stimulation in the arcuate nucleus. However, the stimulatory action of NKB is dependent on circulating estrogen (E2) levels, without which, NKB inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) release. Importantly, the evidence supporting the kisspeptin-dependent role of NKB, derives from models of persistent hypogonadal state [e.g. Kiss1r knock-out (KO) mice], with reduced E2 levels. Here, we demonstrate that in the presence of E2, NKB signaling induces LH release in a kisspeptin-independent manner through the activation of NK3R (NKB receptor) neurons in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD). Importantly, we show that chemogenetic activation of MePD Kiss1 neurons induces LH release, however, the stimulatory action of NKB in this area is Kiss1 neuron-independent. These results document the existence of two independent neuronal circuitries within the MePD that regulate reproductive function in females.

Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).