bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Bi2O3@PCPA‐KH590/chloroprene composites with good mechanical properties under high‐filling
Authors: Zeng Jun , Li YingJun , Lu YingChun , Li YunPeng , Liu HuiPing , Wu CongXiu , Chen MengXi , OuYang Wei , Zhang YiPeng , Zhou YuanLin
Published: October 2023

As a “green” radiation protection material with the potential to replace lead oxide, bismuth oxide has more research applications in the field of γ protection. However, due to their different surface properties, there are compatibility and interaction problems between metal oxides and rubber. To enhance the performance of bismuth oxide in neoprene, Bi2O3@PCPA‐KH590 was prepared by coating bismuth oxide with polyphenol/polyamine and grafting KH590 on the surface of bismuth oxide. This allows for creating more active sites with the help of polyphenol/polyamine, enabling KH590 to be grafted onto bismuth oxide particles. The S functional group on the silane coupling agent is then cross‐linked with the rubber substrate, enhancing the dispersibility of the bismuth oxide powder. This improvement not only improves the dispersibility of the bismuth oxide powder but also enhances the mechanical properties of the rubber composite material. Compared with pure CR, the mechanical properties of 60 wt% filler‐modified powder composites can still be maintained at a high level, with the tensile strength reaching 12.83 Mpa. In sum, the proposed method appears feasible for preparing highly filled radiation protection rubber‐based materials.
A Framework for Benchmarking Emerging FSCV Neurochemical Sensors
Authors: Jamalzadeh Moeid , Cuniberto Edoardo , Shahrjerdi Davood
Published: October 2023

Fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in combination with carbon fiber (CF) sensors has been a longstanding tool for studying neurochemical signaling in the brain. However, further progress toward brain mapping requires improvements in sensitivity, chemical selectivity, and channel count. Addressing these critical needs has been an impetus behind the search for alternative carbon materials that could outperform CF. Given the significant research activities, an objective assessment of key sensor performance metrics is crucial for guiding the material discovery. Here, a framework for assessing the sensitivity and selectivity performance of FSCV sensors is put forth and visualizing the comparison in the form of a performance plot. An example of this analysis by using nanographitic carbon as a model material is provided. It is hoped that the proposed framework can help accelerate the research progress by providing an improved guideline for evaluating emerging FSCV sensors.
Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU: A focus on thermochemical conversion processes
Authors: Güleç Fatih , Parthiban Anburajan , Umenweke Great C. , Musa Umaru , Williams Orla , Mortezaei Yasna , Suk‐Oh Hyun , Lester Edward , Ogbaga Chukwuma C. , Gunes Burcu , Okolie Jude A.
Published: October 2023

The demand for sustainable energy sources has increased owing to environmental concerns, such as climate change, rising energy demand and rapid industrialization. Biomass utilization for bioenergy and value‐added chemical production has become essential for creating a circular low‐carbon bioeconomy and sustainable waste management techniques. This review focuses on thermochemical processes and analyzes the trends of biomass utilization for energy production in the EU over the last decade. It discusses the current state‐of‐the‐art of gasification, pyrolysis, advanced combustion and liquefaction technologies, and presents the individual challenges and prospects of each process. A comprehensive overview of previous studies related to each conversion technology is provided to pave the way for future thermochemical, biochemical and integrated biomass valorization studies. Additionally, the review discusses biomass thermochemical conversion processes, which are combined with carbon capture, such as gasification, liquefaction and pyrolysis. These processes offer the potential to achieve negative net atmospheric carbon emissions, which can contribute to global warming mitigation efforts.
Transcriptional biomarker discovery toward building a load stress reporting system for engineered Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Huang Yiming , Wipat Anil , Bacardit Jaume
Published: October 2023

Foreign proteins are produced by introducing synthetic constructs into host bacteria for biotechnology applications. This process can cause resource competition between synthetic circuits and host cells, placing a metabolic burden on the host cells which may result in load stress and detrimental physiological changes. Consequently, the host bacteria can experience slow growth, and the synthetic system may suffer from suboptimal function. To help in the detection of bacterial load stress, we developed machine‐learning strategies to select a minimal number of genes that could serve as biomarkers for the design of load stress reporters. We identified pairs of biomarkers that showed discriminative capacity to detect the load stress states induced in 41 engineered Escherichia coli strains.
Risk factors for overweight and obesity after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in North America and Switzerland: A comparison of two cohort studies
Authors: Belle Fabiën N. , Schindera Christina , Ansari Marc , Armstrong Gregory T. , Beck‐Popovic Maja , Howell Rebecca , Leisenring Wendy M. , Meacham Lillian R. , Rössler Jochen , Spycher Ben D. , Tonorezos Emily , von der Weid Nicolas X. , Yasui Yutaka , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: October 2023

Background

After childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5‐year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors.

Methods

We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self‐reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in North America and Switzerland (678) siblings. We assessed risk factors for overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2) using multinomial regression.

Results

We found overweight and obesity significantly more common among survivors in North America when compared with survivors in Switzerland [overweight: 30%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 27–32 vs. 24%, 21–29; obesity: 29%, 27–32 vs. 7%, 5–10] and siblings (overweight: 30%, 27–32 vs. 25%, 22–29; obesity: 24%, 22–26 vs. 6%, 4–8). Survivors in North America [odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 1.01–1.53] and Switzerland (1.27, 0.74–2.21) were slightly more often obese than siblings. Among survivors, risk factors for obesity included residency in North America (5.8, 3.7–9.0); male (1.7, 1.3–2.3); attained age (≥45 years: 5.1, 2.4–10.8); Non‐Hispanic Black (3.4, 1.6–7.0); low household income (2.3, 1.4–3.5); young age at diagnosis (1.6, 1.1–2.2). Cranial radiotherapy ≥18 Gray was only a risk factor for overweight (1.4, 1.0–1.8); steroids were not associated with overweight or obesity. Interaction tests found no evidence of difference in risk factors between cohorts.

Conclusions

Although treatment‐related risk for overweight and obesity were similar between regions, higher prevalence among survivors in North America identifies important sociodemographic drivers for informing health policy and targeted intervention trials.
The predictive value of the preoperative albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio for postoperative hospital length of stay in liver cancer patients
Authors: Li Fang , Ren Yuetong , Fan Jiacheng , Zhou Jin
Published: October 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health burden, with postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS) impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Existing nutritional, inflammatory, and coagulation indices can predict LOS, with particular interest in albumin, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer. This study investigates the predictive value of preoperative albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and albumin‐to‐D‐dimer ratio (ADR) for postoperative LOS in HCC patients.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 462 adult HCC patients who underwent partial hepatic lesion excision between February 2016 and August 2022. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, including preoperative blood samples, surgical approach, and LOS. The primary outcome measure was LOS, calculated from the date of surgery to the date of hospital discharge. Preoperative AFR and ADR were calculated. The ROC curves determined optimal cutoff points. The Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan–Meier method, and the log‐rank test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The study established an optimal AFR cutoff value of 15.474, with a higher AUC value than ADR, indicating superior predictive potential for postoperative LOS. Participants with high‐AFR (AFR > 15.474) had a shorter median LOS (13 vs. 15 days, p < 0.001) compared to those with low‐AFR (AFR ≤15.474). Multivariate analysis revealed high‐AFR (HR: 1.99; p < 0.001) as a positive influence on LOS reduction, whereas Child–Pugh rated as B (HR: 0.49; p < 0.001), laparotomy (HR: 0.37; p < 0.001) and total bilirubin >20.5 μmol/L (HR: 0.58; p < 0.001) negatively impacted LOS reduction. Subgroup analysis confirmed AFR's predictive ability for patients experiencing reduced or prolonged LOS due to Child–Pugh score, surgical methods, and total bilirubin concentrations. Even within normal albumin and fibrinogen levels, patients with high‐AFR exhibited a shorter LOS (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the value of the AFR as a reliable predictor of LOS in HCC patients. An AFR greater than 15.474 consistently correlated with a shorter LOS, suggesting its potential clinical utility in guiding perioperative management and resource allocation in HCC patients.
Know how to navigate decisions about changing divisions
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: October 2023

As the world of college athletics continues its evolution, there are times when some institutions decide to pause and reassess the importance of intercollegiate sports as it pertains to their culture, mission, values, and academic operations.
Targeted single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals metabolic reprogramming and the ferroptosis‐resistant state in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Shen Xiaohui , Dong Peiyuan , Kong Jingjing , Sun Nannan , Wang Fang , Sang Lina , Xu Yan , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Xiaoli , Guo Rong , Wang Shuya , Lin Quande , Jiang Zhongxing , Xu Shan , Zhang Congli , Bian Zhilei , Wang Weimin , Guo Rongqun
Published: October 2023

Hematologic malignancies are the most common hematopoietic diseases and a major public health concern. However, the mechanisms underlying myeloid tumors remain unknown owing to the intricate interplay between mutations and diverse clonal evolution patterns, as evidenced by the analysis of bulk cell‐derived omics data. Several single‐cell omics techniques have been used to characterize the hierarchies and altered immune microenvironments of hematologic malignancies. The comprehensive single‐cell atlas of hematologic malignancies provides novel opportunities for personalized combinatorial targeted treatments, avoiding unwanted chemo‐toxicity. In the present study, we performed transcriptome sequencing by combining single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) with a targeted oncogenic gene panel for acute myeloid leukemia, overcoming the limitations of scRNA‐seq in detecting oncogenic mutations. The distribution of oncogenic IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations in each cell type was identified in the bone marrow (BM) samples of each patient. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming are involved in the tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance of oncogenic mutation‐carrying cells. Biological progression via IDH1, IDH2, and KRAS mutations arrests hematopoietic maturation. Our study findings provide a rationale for using primary BM cells for personalized treatment in clinical settings.
Exploring the relationship between COVID‐19 and immediate 2‐year college enrollment and persistence among Kalamazoo Promise scholars
Authors: McMullen Isabel , Collier Daniel
Published: October 2023

There are hundreds of recognized tuition‐free college “promise” programs, but few are as generous or flexible as the Kalamazoo Promise (KPromise). Pre‐COVID studies on KPromise have demonstrated effects on increased college attendance, credit completion, and persistence. Extending these findings to the COVID‐19 pandemic context can help establish a baseline understanding of the ability and limits of tuition‐free college to mitigate a shock to college enrollment and speed the recovery in the aftermath. This chapter explores incoming student college enrollment and first‐year persistence among recent KPromise cohorts at the primary community college that scholars attend: Kalamazoo Valley Community College (KVCC). We found that enrollment decreased for two consecutive cohorts, notably among students with lower high school academic performance. We found that first‐year stop out overall increased, and these two changes together resulted in demographic changes in the KPromise student population at KVCC. Our findings have important implications for tuition‐free programs and the 2‐year institutions that receive Promise students.
Get skilled, get a job, give back: Virginia's tuition‐free program for high‐demand jobs
Authors: Floyd Deborah L. , Cervantes Diana , Salinas Cristobal
Published: October 2023

G3: Get Skilled, Get a Job, Give Back is Virginia's new initiative that provides tuition‐free community college to low and middle‐income students pursuing careers in high‐demand fields. Signed into law on March 29, 2021, this new program allocates $36 million to cover tuition, fees, and books for qualified students in high‐need workforce areas: healthcare, information technology, manufacturing and skilled trades, early childhood education and public safety. This commentary aims to describe an overview of the Virginia Community College System's G3 initiative while also describing the G3 at four different colleges representing urban, suburban and rural service areas. Recommendations for policy and practice are offered.
Data and research as evidence in tuition‐free community college legislation
Authors: Ison Matthew P.
Published: October 2023

The evidence deployed in the policy process is often done so from sources hoping to shape policy along preconceived ideological lines. This chapter presents the data and research cited as evidence in tuition‐free community legislation proposed and enacted by 10 states, along with the sources that produced this evidence when applicable. Results suggest that partisan control of state legislation dictates the type of evidence deployed in support of tuition‐free legislation, with conservative legislation emphasizing the economic impacts of the anticipated increased education, and progressive legislation noting the inequitable outcome with the current financial structure of higher education.
Understanding and responding to free community college critics
Authors: Smith Douglas A. , Cain Christine M. , Tran Henry , Friedel Janice N.
Published: October 2023

The concept of free community college has critics from the left and right that question its long‐term viability and effectiveness. This chapter provides a discussion to enhance understanding of the criticism against the free community college movement and situate these arguments in the larger discourse on free community college programs. Specific attention focuses on recognizing critical viewpoints, understanding their arguments, and providing responses for institutional and policy decision‐makers in their advocacy for free community college programs. The chapter addresses a range of perspectives that critics argue, including economic, workforce, equity, quality, and outcome issues related to offering free community college.
Personality, financial risk‐taking attitude, and older individuals' stock investment decisions
Authors: Liu Yi , Del Asebedo Sarah , Pearson Blain
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the relationship between personality traits and older individuals' stock investment decisions using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that greater openness and extraversion are associated with a higher propensity to participate in stock investments and hold a larger proportion of stock investments relative to their other financial assets. Additionally, the findings suggest that those with greater conscientiousness and agreeableness are less likely to hold stock investments and tend to hold smaller proportions of stock investments relative to other financial assets. Last, the results indicate that those with greater openness and extraversion are more willing to take financial risks, whereas those with greater conscientiousness and agreeableness display less willingness to take financial risks.
Reticular Synthesis of Flexible Rare‐Earth Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Control of Structural Dynamics and Sorption Properties Through Ligand Functionalization
Authors: Loukopoulos Edward , Angeli Giasemi K. , Tsangarakis Constantinos , Traka Eleni , Froudas Konstantinos G. , Trikalitis Pantelis N.
Published: October 2023

An exciting direction in metal‐organic frameworks involves the design and synthesis of flexible structures which can reversibly adapt their structure when triggered by external stimuli. Controlling the extent and nature of response in such solids is critical in order to develop custom dynamic materials for advanced applications. Towards this, it is highly important to expand the diversity of existing flexible MOFs, generating novel materials and gain an in‐depth understanding of the associated dynamic phenomena, eventually unlocking key structure‐property relationships. In the present work, we successfully utilized reticular chemistry for the construction of two novel series of highly crystalline, flexible rare‐earth MOFs, RE‐thc‐MOF‐2 and RE‐teb‐MOF‐1. Extensive single‐crystal to single‐crystal structural analyses coupled with detailed gas and vapor sorption studies, shed light onto the unique responsive behavior. The development of these series is related to the reported RE‐thc‐MOF‐1 solids which were found to display a unique continuous breathing and gas‐trapping property. The synthesis of RE‐thc‐MOF‐2 and RE‐teb‐MOF‐1 materials represents an important milestone as they provide important insights into the key factors that control the responsive properties of this fascinating family of flexible materials and demonstrates that it is possible to control their dynamic behavior and the associated gas and vapor sorption properties.
Adjunctive posterior wall isolation for the treatment of persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (CORNERSTONE AF) trial: Design and rationale
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Inaba Osamu , Inamura Yukihiro , Nitta Junichi , Sekiguchi Yukio , Takahashi Atsushi , Hachiya Hitoshi , Nagata Yasutoshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Hayashi Tatsuya , Iwai Shinsuke , Mizukami Akira , Ono Yuichi , Handa Keita , Suzuki Makoto , Suzuki Atsushi , Nakajima Jun , Hirao Kenzo , Okada Hiroyuki , Negishi Miho , Ikenouchi Takashi , Yamamoto Tasuku , Goto Kentaro , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Hirakawa Akihiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: October 2023

Background

A left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) is one of the atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation strategies.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that an additional empirical LAPWI would increase the freedom from recurrent atrial arrhythmias as compared to standard AF ablation in persistent AF patients.

Methods

The CORNERSTONE AF study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study investigating patients with AF persisting for >7 days and <3 years undergoing first‐time AF ablation. They will be randomized to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or PVI + LAPWI in a 1:1 manner. Although PVI can be performed with either radiofrequency catheters or cryoballoons, only radiofrequency catheters will be permitted to achieve LAPWIs. Additional focal ablation targeting non‐pulmonary vein triggers will be allowed. A total of 516 patients will be enrolled in 17 centers between August 2022 and February 2024 based on the calculation with 80% power, considering the assumption that 65% and 75% of the PVI and PVI + LAPWI group patients will be free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence 18‐months postprocedure (10% of dropout). The primary endpoint is freedom from documented atrial arrhythmias 18 months postsingle procedures. Clinical follow‐up will include 7‐day ambulatory electrocardiograms and routine outpatient consultations by electrophysiologists at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postprocedure.

Results

As of August 2023, a total of 331 patients (68 ± 9 years, 270 men, 43 longstanding persistent AF) have been enrolled.

Conclusions

The CORNERSTONE AF study is a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an adjunctive empirical LAPWI following standard AF ablation in persistent AF patients.
Density of wild honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies worldwide
Authors: Visick Oliver D. , Ratnieks Francis L. W.
Published: October 2023

The western honey bee, Apis mellifera, lives worldwide in approximately 102 million managed hives but also wild throughout much of its native and introduced range. Despite the global importance of A. mellifera as a crop pollinator, wild colonies have received comparatively little attention in the scientific literature and basic information regarding their density and abundance is scattered. Here, we review 40 studies that have quantified wild colony density directly (n = 33) or indirectly using genetic markers (n = 7) and analyse data from 41 locations worldwide to identify factors that influence wild colony density. We also compare the density of wild and managed colonies at a regional scale using data on managed colonies from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Wild colony densities varied from 0.1 to 24.2/km2 and were significantly lower in Europe (average of 0.26/km2) than in Northern America (1.4/km2), Oceania (4.4/km2), Latin America (6.7/km2) and Africa (6.8/km2). Regional differences were not significant after controlling for both temperature and survey area, suggesting that cooler climates and larger survey areas may be responsible for the low densities reported in Europe. Managed colony densities were 2.2/km2 in Asia, 1.2/km2 in Europe, 0.2/km2, in Northern America, 0.2/km2 in Oceania, 0.5/km2 in Latin America and 1/km2 in Africa. Wild colony densities exceeded those of managed colonies in all regions except Europe and Asia. Overall, there were estimated to be between two and three times as many wild colonies as managed worldwide. More wild colony surveys, particularly in Asia and South America, are needed to assess the relative density of wild and managed colonies at smaller spatial scales.
Tiger reefs: Self‐organized regular patterns in deep‐sea cold‐water coral reefs
Authors: van der Kaaden Anna‐Selma , Maier Sandra R. , Siteur Koen , De Clippele Laurence H. , van de Koppel Johan , Purkis Sam J. , Rietkerk Max , Soetaert Karline , van Oevelen Dick
Published: October 2023

Complexity theory predicts that self‐organized, regularly patterned ecosystems store more biomass and are more resilient than spatially uniform systems. Self‐organized ecosystems are well‐known from the terrestrial realm, with “tiger bushes” being the archetypical example and mussel beds and tropical coral reefs the marine examples. We here identify regular spatial patterns in cold‐water coral reefs (nicknamed “tiger reefs”) from video transects and argue that these are likely the result of self‐organization. We used variograms and Lomb–Scargle analysis of seven annotated video transects to analyze spatial patterns in live coral and dead coral (i.e., skeletal remains) cover at the Logachev coral mound province (NE Atlantic Ocean) and found regular spatial patterns with length scales between 62 and 523 m in live and dead coral distribution along these transects that point to self‐organization of cold‐water coral reefs. Self‐organization theory shows that self‐organized ecosystems can withstand large environmental changes by adjusting their spatial configuration. We found indications that cold‐water corals can similarly adjust their spatial configuration, possibly providing resilience in the face of climate change. Dead coral framework remains in the environment for extended periods of time, providing a template for spatial patterns that facilitates live coral recovery. The notion of regular spatial patterns in cold‐water coral reefs is interesting for cold‐water coral restoration, as transplantation will be more successful when it follows the patterns that are naturally present. This finding also underlines that anthropogenic effects such as ocean acidification and bottom trawling that destroy the dead coral template undermine cold‐water coral resilience. Differences in the pattern periodicities of live and dead coral cover further present an interesting new angle to investigate past and present environmental conditions in cold‐water coral reefs.
Combining otolith chemistry and genetics to infer the population structure of yellow snapperLutjanus argentiventris
Authors: Cavole Leticia Maria , Munguia‐Vega Adrian , Miller Jessica A. , Salinas‐de‐León Pelayo , Marin Jarrin Jose R. , Johnson Andrew Frederick , Rastoin‐Laplane Etienne , Giron‐Nava Alfredo , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio
Published: October 2023

Developing a metapopulation framework contributes to the understanding of spatial processes and structures in populations, providing basic information for conservation biology. However, the extent to which the metapopulation structure differs geographically and across life history stages is unexplored for most fishes. Here, we compared the population structure and connectivity patterns of juvenile yellow snapperLutjanus argentiventrisin mangroves of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean. In both the Gulf of California and Galápagos, these fish experience an array of environmental and oceanographic conditions that produce unique otolith microchemistry signatures and genetic population structures. In the Galápagos Archipelago, we used otolith microchemistry and microsatellite DNA, while for the Gulf of California, we only used otolith microchemistry. We observed relatively small differences in the otolith microchemistry at the ecoregion spatial scale (10–100 km2) for the Galápagos and the Gulf of California (classification accuracy of 57% and 64%, respectively). At the finer mangrove spatial scale (~1 km2), we found larger differences in the otolith microchemistry among the Gulf of California mangroves (classification accuracy ~90%) than in Galápagos (classification accuracy ~24%), potentially related to a stronger environmental gradient in the former. Based on otoliths, 75% of juveniles were migrants among mangroves in the Galápagos, in contrast to only around 10% of juveniles being migrants among the Gulf of California mangroves, suggesting a metapopulation structure characterized by high rates of self‐recruitment for snappers in the Gulf of California. For Galápagos, both otolith microchemistry and genetics supported the presence of a source–sink metapopulation structure for the yellow snapper, with high levels of connectivity in mangroves within the Eastern and Western ecoregions (FST = 0.003,p < 0.05). By combining tools that assess connectivity at multiple timescales (microchemistry and genetics) at different life stages and ecosystems, we provide a more complete elucidation of metapopulation structure forL. argentiventris. The approach employed here can be applied to other tropical fishes with broad distribution ranges and ontogenetic changes across complex habitats such as mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs.
Party politics and the shaping of migration policy in the Council of Ministers
Authors: Fink Simon
Published: October 2023

The Council of Ministers is still the European Union's decision‐making center in migration policy. However, we know little about the determinants of member state's policy positions. This article tests three hypotheses: member state positions might be influenced by socioeconomic conditions, by public opinion, or by partisan preferences. We conduct a quantitative analysis of two legislative proposals at the intersection of migration and welfare policy (the returns directive, COD/2005/167 and the social security regulation, 2016/0397/COD) using member state positions as the dependent variable. The result is that different factors are important for positioning on the two proposals: member state positions on the returns directive are correlated with public opinion, while their positions on the social security regulation are correlated with party positions, especially the position of the economically rightmost coalition partner. Thus, our study takes issue with the argument that migration politics in the Council are disconnected from the domestic arena.
Manipulating calcium homeostasis with nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Feng Yanlin , Wang Jianlin , Cao Jimin , Cao Fangfang , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2023

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are indispensable and versatile metal ions that play a pivotal role in regulating cell metabolism, encompassing cell survival, proliferation, migration, and gene expression. Aberrant Ca2+ levels are frequently linked to cell dysfunction and a variety of pathological conditions. Therefore, it is essential to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis to coordinate body function. Disrupting the balance of Ca2+ levels has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for various diseases, and there has been extensive research on integrating this approach into nanoplatforms. In this review, the current nanoplatforms that regulate Ca2+ homeostasis for cancer therapy are first discussed, including both direct and indirect approaches to manage Ca2+ overload or inhibit Ca2+ signalling. Then, the applications of these nanoplatforms in targeting different cells to regulate their Ca2+ homeostasis for achieving therapeutic effects in cancer treatment are systematically introduced, including tumour cells and immune cells. Finally, perspectives on the further development of nanoplatforms for regulating Ca2+ homeostasis, identifying scientific limitations and future directions for exploitation are offered.
Preparation and characterization of bioactive binary composite film based on gelatin–dextran incorporated with citronellal and α‐tocopherol
Authors: Yue Chenlinrui , Fan Fengjiao , Chen Yinji , Fang Yong , Xie Hongkai
Published: October 2023

Biodegradable active packaging films with antimicrobial and antioxidant functions have received much attention due to the food safety and plastic pollution issues. This study prepared and characterized a novel bioactive binary composite film based on gelatin (Ge) and dextran (Dx) incorporated with various concentrations (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, w/w) of citronellal (Cit) and α‐tocopherol (Toc). The thickness, L*, b*, total color difference, water contact angle, opacity, and crystallinity of film significantly increased, whereas the film solubility, swelling degree, water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, and a* of film significantly decreased with the increase of Cit and Toc concentrations. However, the addition of Cit and Toc had no significant effect on the film's moisture content and thermal stability. Fourier transforms infrared spectral pattern indicated that physical interactions (H‐bonding) between biopolymer matrix and active fillers were formed. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the film added with active fillers had a rough surface and a spongelike cross‐section structure compared to control film. Moreover, the release curves of Cit and Toc showed that the film in 95% ethanol solution had the longest release time. Furthermore, the film added with Cit and Toc effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria (Shewanella putrefaciens and Escherichia coli) and quenched the free radicals (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)). Overall, it can be inferred that the Ge–Dx‐based composite film incorporated with Cit and Toc is a potential antibacterial and antioxidant biodegradable material for food packaging applications to maintain food quality.
Evaluation of food insecurity and associated factors in women of childbearing age: A community‐based study from Turkey
Authors: Aytekin Sahin Gizem , Mengi Celik Ozge
Published: October 2023

Food security is an important factor in ensuring a healthy diet. However, it has been reported that women are more vulnerable to food insecurity than men in many countries. In addition, there is little evidence that Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence is associated with a lower risk of food insecurity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate food insecurity and associated factors in women of childbearing age. In addition, women's adherence to MD and its relationship with food insecurity were evaluated. This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 2675 adult women aged 18–49. The demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits, compliance with the MD, and the level of food insecurity were evaluated using the structured, self‐administered, web‐based questionnaire form. The mean age of the individuals was 29.5 ± 10.35 years. 21.6% of individuals had food insecurity, and 5.2% had severe food insecurity. 36.4% of the individuals adhere to the MD. There was a statistically significant difference between the individuals with and without food security regarding age, marital status, and income status (p < .05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the Mediterranean diet adherence score (MEDAS) and MEDAS classification between individuals with and without food security (p > .05). It was determined that age, marital status, and income status affected food insecurity (R2 = 0.374; p < .001). Also, it was determined that age, number of main meals and snacks, and income status affected adherence to MD (R2 = 0.286; p < .001). In conclusion, considering the fragility of women in food insecurity, more comprehensive studies should be conducted in this area to better define the factors associated with food insecurity in women and inform policymakers. In addition, the results of this study can shed light on comprehensive intervention studies in this area.
Discontinuation of benzodiazepines and Z‐drugs in hospitalised population at the age of 60 and above. An open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kosto Amit , Lev Danielle , Reiss Nadav , Meged‐Book Tehilah , Press Yan
Published: October 2023

Background

Treating insomnia with hypnotic drugs in elderly patients has many adverse effects. This study aims to assess the effect of two discontinuation methods of hypnotic drugs during acute hospitalization.

Methods

We conducted an open‐label randomized controlled trial that included participants aged 60 and above taking benzodiazepines or Z‐Drugs for at least 3 months as a treatment for insomnia and were admitted to the hospital. In the prospective arm, patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups. In the Minimal Intervention (MI) group, patients received an explanation of the dangers of long‐term treatment and a recommendation to stop the treatment. In the Tapering Down Intervention (TDI) group, in addition to the explanation, patients received a tapering down table. In the retrospective arm (control group), we examined the use of hypnotic drugs among hospitalized patients 3 months after hospitalization, similar to the patients in the prospective arm.

Results

46 patients were enrolled in the MI group, 55 patients in the TDI group, and 114 patients in the control group. The mean age in the three groups was 75.0 ± 8.2, 75.9 ± 9.0, and 75.0 ± 7.9 years respectively (p = 0.85). After 3 months, seven (15.2%) of the patients in the MI group, 15 (27.3%) in the TD group, and 2 (1.8%) in the control group (p = 0.00003) were weaned from the hypnotic drugs treatment, without a significant difference between the intervention groups (p = 0.221).

Conclusions

A short intervention during hospitalization results in a significant decrease in hypnotic drug use.
Association between subclinical epileptiform discharge and the behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Yeh Wei‐Chih , Hsu Chung‐Yao , Li Kuan‐Ying , Chien Ching‐Fang , Huang Ling‐Chun , Yang Yuan‐Han
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are highly prevalent in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), causing burdens on caregivers. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and subclinical epileptiform discharge (SED) increased with the disease course of AD. However, the interaction between them was still unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between SED and BPSD.

Methods/Design

Patients with AD from Kaohsiung Municipal Ta‐tung Hospital were included in this study. International 10–20 system scalp electroencephalography (EEG) for 13 min was performed to detect SED. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia was assessed by neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) questionnaires. The occurrence of BPSD subsyndromes was compared between patients with and without SED.

Results

Two hundred sixty‐three adult patients qualified for the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients was 80.2 years, and approximately 62% were women. 17.1% of patients showed SED on EEG. Apathy was the most commonly reported BPSD subsyndrome in this cohort. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of BPSD between patients with and without SED. (75.6% vs. 67.4%, p = 0.2806). However, the NPI score of irritability subsyndrome was significantly higher in the SED (+) group (2.6 ± 3.7 vs. 1.2 ± 2.7, p = 0.0028). In addition, subclinical epileptiform discharge in the frontal lobe was associated with a considerably higher occurrence of hyperactivity subsyndrome, including irritability.

Conclusions

SED may not be a direct cause of BPSD, but the presence of SED may affect the manifestation of BPSD.
Operator visual attention allocation prediction in a robotic arm teleoperation interface
Authors: An Yueqi , Zhang Cong , Jiang Changhua , Zhan Wenhao , Niu Jianwei
Published: October 2023

In digital interactive interfaces with high visual workloads, it is important for operators to allocate their limited attentional resources appropriately to ensure efficient information collection. The salience, effort, expectancy, value (SEEV) model, which combines top‐down and bottom‐up attention mechanisms for predicting attention allocation, has been validated in research areas such as piloting, driving, and surgical operations. However, the validity of the SEEV model in the field of robotic arm teleoperation has not yet been thoroughly studied. The primary purpose of this study was to confirm the feasibility of the SEEV model for operator visual attention allocation prediction in a robotic arm teleoperation scenario. The improved ITTI algorithm, distance‐measuring tool, Delphi method, and lowest ordinal algorithm were adopted to qualify the four factors of the SEEV model, which also contributed to salience and expectancy quantification methods. Accordingly, an attention allocation prediction model in a robotic arm teleoperation scene was constructed. To verify the validity of the prediction model, 20 participants were recruited to control the robotic arm using V‐REP simulation software, and their fixation durations were recorded using an eye tracker as an attention allocation indicator. Participants controlled the robotic arm according to the experimental requirements and operational tasks, such as grasping and placing the target. The results demonstrated that the theoretical data based on the SEEV prediction model are significantly related to the proportion of fixation durations. The experiment verifies the suitability of the SEEV prediction model, and it is anticipated to be utilized in the optimization of interactive interfaces for robotic arm teleoperation.
Domestic violence against Iranian women during the Covid‐19 lockdown: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gharacheh Maryam , Sadeghi Tahereh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Montazeri Simin , Jahanfar Shayesteh , Ranjbar Fahimeh
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Despite the fact that public health measures such as social isolation can help control the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic, these procedures may contribute to elevated levels of stress and escalate various forms of violence against women. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify factors associated with domestic violence during the Covid‐19 lockdown among married women attending healthcare centers in Iran.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study, conducted between 2020 and 2021, focused on a sample of 5317 married women who sought healthcare services within urban centers across five major cities in Iran. Sampling was done through a multistage cluster method. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) were used to assess levels of violence. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t‐test, Chi‐square, and multiple logistic regression) with the SPSS software version 22.

Results

During the Covid‐19 lockdown, psychological violence was reported by 66.7% of women (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.44%–67.98%), physical violence by 44.8% (95% CI, 43.43%–46.10%), sexual violence by 28.8% (95% CI, 27.60%–30.03%), and injury by 24.5% (95% CI, 23.39%–25.70%). The multiple logistic regression showed several significant factors associated with domestic violence. These included low levels of social support (p < 0.001), shorter duration of marriage (p < 0.001), unemployment of both women (p < 0.007) and their spouses (p < 0.001), poor economic status (p < 0.001), as well as substance abuse by the husband, including alcohol (p < 0.001) and drug abuse (p < 0.01), and smoking (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The findings highlighted the magnitude of domestic violence against women during the Covid‐19 lockdown. It is crucial to implement comprehensive strategies that encompass preventive and responsive measures to address domestic violence not only during lockdowns but also in the post‐lockdown period.
Regulation of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer
Authors: Xia Jingxuan , Zhang Zhiyuan , Huang Yijin , Wang Yufei , Liu Guangwei
Published: October 2023

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is one of the defense functions of neutrophils, which has a rapid ability to kill infections and is also crucial in a variety of immune‐associated diseases including infections, tumors and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that NETs are closely related to the development of tumors. The regulatory role of NETs in tumors has been of interest to researchers. In addition to awakening latent tumor cells, NETs can also promote the proliferation and development of tumor cells and their metastasis to other sites. At the same time, NETs also have the effect of inhibiting tumors. At present, there are some new advances in the impact of NETs on tumor development, which will provide a more theoretical basis for developing NET‐targeted drugs. Therefore, this review just summarized the formation process of NETs, the regulation of tumor development and the treatment methods based on NETs.
CircDLGAP4 overexpression ameliorates neuronal injury in Parkinson's disease by binding to EIF4A3 and increasing HMGA2 expression
Authors: Bao Haiping , Zhang Qiang , Li Yu , Nie Chen
Published: October 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and its prevalence increases steadily with age. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the role of circRNA DLG‐associated protein 4 (circDLGAP4) in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)‐induced neuronal injury in PD. SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+ to establish PD cell models. The levels of circDLGAP4 and high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) in SH‐SY5Y cells were detected. SH‐SY5Y cell viability and apoptosis were detected. The levels of inflammatory damage (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde)‐related factors were measured. The binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) to circDLGAP4 and HMGA2 was analyzed using RNA pull‐down or RNA immunoprecipitation. The stability of HMGA2 was detected after actinomycin D treatment, and its effects on neuronal injury were tested. CircDLGAP4 expression was decreased in MPP+‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells. CircDLGAP4 upregulation restored cell activity, decreased apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress in PD cell models. CircDLGAP4 bound to EIF4A3 to increase HMGA2 expression and stability. Silencing HMGA2 attenuated the protective effect of circDLGAP4 overexpression. Overall, circDLGAP4 upregulated HMGA2 by recruiting EIF4A3, thus increasing the mRNA stability of HMGA2 and alleviating neuronal injury in PD.
Incorporating special needs simulations into allied dental education curriculum to encourage inclusion, understanding, and empathy: A mixed method study
Authors: Reddington Amanda R , Weir Sean O
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Allied dental practitioners increasingly encounter demands specific to treating patients with special needs and disabilities. New standards by the Commission on Dental Accreditation require dental and allied dental graduates to have didactic and skill‐based competencies to ensure awareness of and effective treatment and recommendations for these patients. This study sought to determine if adding a special needs simulation activity into allied dental students’ curriculum would increase the student's awareness of and comfort level when treating patients with special needs.

Methods

This mixed‐methods study measures student perceptions specific to the efficacy of adding special needs simulations into the allied dental program curriculum. Graduating dental assistants and dental hygienists (n = 65) participated and were paired within their cohort. Didactic instruction specific to the diagnoses of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, and hearing impairment was provided. Following formal classroom instruction, pairs of students participated in simulation stations, one for each of the listed diagnoses. A pre‐/postsurvey was given to evaluate any changes in student perceptions of patients with special needs, and a Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) postsurvey provided to evaluate their perception of the educational activity.

Results

All 65 participants completed the pre‐ and postsurveys for a 100% response rate, and 61 (93.8%) completed the SEEQ. SPSS software was utilized to run a Wilcoxen Signed Ranks Test to determine significance for each pre‐/postsurvey question to determine any statistically significant (p < .05) differences. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each survey item including SEEQ.

There were significant differences for each question, and, overall, in participant's perceptions from the presurvey to the postsurvey. Most notable were the positive changes related to the participants' ability to relate to persons with special needs, their awareness of various special needs, and their increased knowledge of available adaptive oral health equipment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, students feel better prepared to treat clients with special needs after guided instruction within their respected dental hygiene and/or dental assisting programs. The incorporation of lecture and lab content through simulated activities enhances their perceptions, confidence, and preparedness to effectively treat, accommodate, and educate special needs patient's.