bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kecemasan, Depresi Dan Stres Dengan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Fauziyah Nida Faradisa , Aretha Khatifah Nur
Published: May 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a sustainable health problem in 200 countries around the world. Public health emergency condition during pandemics such as SARS, MERS and Ebola are associated with increased psychological distress in the affected population. Negative impacts such as anxiety, depression and stress on students may become a burden on the mental and emotional health of students which in turn will affect the quality of student sleep. The author was interested in knowing about the relationship between anxiety, depression and stress with the quality of sleep of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used an analytic observational study design with a cross sectional approach. This study was conducted in December with 81 students as respondents. This study used the DASS-42 questionnaire to measure anxiety, depression, stress and the PSQI to measure sleep quality. The results showed that 32.1%, 27.2%, 42% and 48.1% of students experienced anxiety, depression, stress and poor sleep quality. Statistical data measurement was done by using logistic regression, the results obtained p value = 0.030 (OR 3.967, 95% CI [1.143-13.722]), p = 0.004 (OR 11.456, 95% CI [2,217-59,196]), p = 0.043 (OR 0.314, 95 % CI [0.102-0.962]). From this study it can be concluded that anxiety, depression and stress had correlation with the sleep quality of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Perbedaan Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Tikus Wistar Jantan Dan Betina Yang Mati Akibat Diinduksi Metanol
Authors: Nitiprodjo Abdul Hakim , Kusumawinakhyu Titik
Published: May 2021

Someone who dies will experience a decrease in body temperature from body temperature at the beginning of death, both within normal and abnormal limits to room temperature. Decrease in body temperature according to sex may differ in duration. Coupled with exposure to methanol, it is also possible to influence a decrease in body temperature of the corpse. This study aimed to analyze the differences in body temperature reduction in male and female Wistar rats  induced with methanol.This research is an experimental study with a pre and post test control group design approach. The design of this study was to observe the body temperature of male and female Wistar rats while still alive and after death and the duration of decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar mice after being induced with methanol. The population studied was male and female Wistar rat. Based on the results from analysis test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats that died induced by methanol, but there is a significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats who died induced by methanol and without methanol.
Pengaruh Buah Sirsak Terhadap Faktor Risiko Kardiovaskular (Kolesterol Total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida)
Authors: Alatas Haidar
Published: May 2021

Soursop fruit contains phenolic, tannins, flavonoids. Phenolic inhibit xanthine oxidase inhibitors which inhibit the production of uric acid, this will affect in decreasing cardiovascular risk. Tannins reducing triglyceride levels. Flavonoids reduce HMG-CoA reductase and total cholesterol. Several studies conducted on animal experiments and the results of soursop fruit reduce lipid profile. What is the effect of soursop fruit consumption on cardiovascular risk in healthy humans? This epidemiological research was conducted in Mlati, Sleman, Indonesia. There were 143 subjects that conform to the inclusion and exclusion criteria subsequently randomized to two groups. Group I was given 2x100 g/day of soursop and group II was without soursop. A laboratory examination was conducted of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels at weeks 0, 7, and 13 both in the soursop and non-soursop groups. Regular soursop consumption was evaluated every two weeks for three months. Data analysis was performed using an independent t test, a nonparametric Mann–Whitney test, and a chi-square test. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol (p=0.254 and p=0.932), HDL (p=0.400 and p=0.960), LDL (p=0.221 and p=0.710), triglycerides (p=0.423 and p=0.580) between the soursop and non-soursop groups. The consumption of soursop fruit at 2x100 g/day has no significant effect on improvement in cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) in healthy subjects, but in subjects with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased at week 7 and 13 compared to no soursop consumption
The Effect of Coffee on The Quantity of Spermatozoa of Diabetic Wistar Rats Inducted By Aloxan
Authors: Alrizaldi Ahmad , Aisyah Riandini , Jatmiko Safari Wahyu
Published: May 2021

Hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus causes oxidative stress which can interfere with the provision of nutrients through blood vessels to the tissues that form spermatozoa so that it interferes with the process of spermatogenesis in the testicular organs. Coffee contains caffeine and chlorogenic acid which functions as an antioxidant to improve spermatogenesis abnormalities which causes decreased number of normal spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of coffee in improving the number of spermatozoa of alloxan induced wistar white rats.. Methods this study uses Post-test only laboratory experimental research with control group design. Submitting 30 rats divided into 5 groups: normal control (given aquades), negative control (induced alloxan + aquades), setting 1 (induced alloxan + coffee 0.054 gram / 200 gramBB), aid 2 (alloxan induced + coffee 0.108 gram / 200 gramBB ) and treatment 3 (alloxan + coffee induced 0.162 gram / 200 gramBB). Provision of coffee carried out for 14 days, rats terminated on the 15th day. Testicles are taken then observed and counted spermatozoa. One-way ANOVA test results show the value of p = 0.000. In the LSD test between the normal control group (aquades) and negative control (diabetic rats without treatment) had a value of p = 0.042, whereas in the treatment group 1.2.3 with a negative control had a value of p = 0.000. Provision of coffee can increase the number of spermatozoa white wistar strain alloxan induced.
Kemampuan Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Guru MIPA dalam Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Suendarti Mamik , Lestari Witri
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan dasar mengajar guru MIPA (keterampilan bertanya, keterampilan mengadakan variasi, dan keterampilan membuka dan menutup pelajaran). Adapun tempat penelitian dilakukan di salah satu sekolah di daerah Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar angket. Adapun hasil analisis yaitu kemampuan mengajar guru dari penguasaan materi diperoleh 76,11%, kemahiran mengajar 79,1%, perilaku guru dalam sehari-hari 92,5 %, dan hubungan sosial antara guru dan siswa 79,1%. Setelah data hasil penelitian dianalisis, ternyata ke empat variabel tersebut mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dalam 4 kompetensi yang harus dimiliki guru. Sehingga guru harus memiliki kompetensi tersebut agar bisa mengajar dengan baik sesuai profesionalitas guru.
Level Literasi Low Carbon Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Aktivitas Kehidupan Sehari-Hari
Authors: Amin Muhammad Syahruddin , Permanasari Anna , Setiabudi Agus , Hamidah Ida
Published: May 2021

Tingginya emisi CO2 yang terbuang ke atmosfer memunculkan permasalahan pada lingkungan yaitu pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim. Pola hidup manusia yang tidak ramah lingkungan semakin memperparah kerusakan lingkungan. Menanamkan karakter peduli lingkungan harus dilakukan, pendidikan bisa menjadi salah satu cara untuk melakukan itu. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah gambaran literasi low carbon siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat? Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui derajat pemahaman siswa sekolah dasar tentang pemanasan global dan emisi CO2 dalam hidup keseharian mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan derajat literasi low carbon siswa kelas 3 masih lebih rendah dibandingkan siswa kelas 6. Hal itu terlihat pada konteks aktivitas yang terkait dengan penggunaan energi seperti mematikan alat listrik, pemanfaatan air, dan sampah terutam plastik. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa literasi siswa SD di Lombok Timur berada pada level baik, dan sebagian besar siswa telah mampu mengaplikasikan nilai low carbon education dalam aktivitas hidup sehari-hari mereka.
Two New Species of the Genus Melanophryniscus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Pampa Grasslands of Argentina
Authors: Aguirre Tomás Martínez , Dopazo Judit E. , Cortelezzi Agustina , Arellano María Luz , Trofino Falasco Clara , Simoy María Verónica , Berkunsky Igor
Published: May 2021

Two new species of small-sized terrestrial toad of the genus Melanophryniscus from the highland grasslands of the Ventania and Tandilia Mountain Systems in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are described. We assign provisionally Melanophryniscus diabolicus sp. nov. (Ventania mountains) and Melanophryniscus nigricans sp. nov. (Tandilia mountains) as both belonging to the Melanophryniscus stelzneri group. The new species differs from other congeners by a distinctive combination of characters: dorsum dark black, tympanum concealed, venter blackish, and distribution on highland rocky grasslands in the mountains of Tandilia (M. nigricans sp. nov.), and on highland rocky grasslands in the mountains of Ventania and coastal dune grassland (M. diabolicus sp. nov.). Moreover, the advertisement call of the new species is noticeable different between species and close related species M. atroluteus and M. montevidensis. Both species have experienced local extinctions and should be categorized as threatened species.
Morphological and Molecular Evidence Reveals the First Record of the Coral Snake Micrurus filiformis (Serpentes: Elapidae) as Prey of the Piranha Pygocentrus cariba (Teleostei: Serrasalmidae)
Authors: Hurtado-Gémez Juan Pablo , Aponte-Gutiérrez Andrés Felipe , Preciado Vicente Javier , Fritz Uwe , Vargas-Ramírez Mario
Published: May 2021

Coral snakes of the genus Micrurus have been recorded as prey of rapacious birds, some mammals and other snakes, but so far not as prey of fishes. The black spotted piranha, Pygocentrus cariba, is an opportunistic predator that feeds mainly on fishes, occasionally on other vertebrates, but has so far not been reported to prey on snakes. Herein, based on morphological and molecular data (mitochondrial 16S fragment), we report the first case of predation of P. cariba on the coral snake Micrurus filiformis. Additionally, we briefly discuss the significance of this new finding for the diet of P. cariba and comment on the systematics and distribution of M. filiformis.
First Records of the Spitting Behavior of Monocled Cobra (Naja kaouthia) from Nepal
Authors: Giri Rohit , Baral Rishi , Giri Roshan , Shah Karan Bahadur , Tillack Frank
Published: May 2021

The spitting of the Monocled cobra is less documented and so far known from populations in West Bengal, India only. We report on the first evidence of spitting by Naja kaouthia from Nepal.
A Pliocene Mioproteus (Urodela: Proteidae) from the Taman Peninsula (Russia)
Authors: Syromyatnikova Elena , Tesakov Alexey , Frolov Pavel , Titov Vadim
Published: May 2021

A material of Mioproteus wezei is described from the Plevaka locality of Taman Peninsula in Russia. It represents the most abundant material on the species to date that facilitates the discussion on its taxonomic status. The record of M. wezei from the Taman Peninsula apparently suggests a wide geographic range of the species in Europe during the Pliocene.
Factors Associated with Detection Probability and Site Occupancy of the Long-Tailed Skink (Eutropis longicaudata) in the Aluoi Area, Central Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Chung D. , Dang Hai P. , Hoang Nghiep T. , Ngo Binh Van
Published: May 2021

Lizard species are rarely detected with perfect accuracy, regardless of the method employed. Nondetection of a species at a site does not necessarily mean the species was absent unless the detection probability was 100%. We assessed the influence of site covariates (less disturbed habitat and disturbed habitat) and sample covariates (temperature, humidity, rainfall) on the occupancy of Eutropis longicaudata in the Aluoi area, central Vietnam. Based on detection/nondetection data over nine visits at 40 less disturbed sites and 39 sites with disturbed habitats, the distribution of E. longicaudata was estimated using site occupancy models. From the best model, we estimated a site occupancy probability of 0.595, a 12.05% increase over the naive occupancy of 0.531 at which E. longicaudata skinks were actually observed. The site covariate of the less disturbed habitat was an important determinant of site occupancy, which was not associated with the variable of disturbance habitats. In the combined AIC model weight, p(precipitation), p(temperature), and p(humidity) have 92%, 36%, and 21% of the total, respectively; providing evidence that environmental conditions (especially precipitation) were important sample covariates in modelling detection probabilities of E. longicaudata. In terms of occupancy probability, the combined weight for the ψ(less disturbed habitat) model and the ψ(disturbed habitat) model were 60% and 32%, respectively. Our results substantiate the importance of incorporating detection and occupancy probabilities into studies of habitat relationships and suggest that the less disturbed habitat associated with weather conditions influence the occupancy of E. longicaudata in central Vietnam.
Mortality of wild amphibians and reptiles admitted to a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Northern Portugal (2009 – 2017)
Authors: Garcês Andreia , Queiroga Felisbina , Pacheco Fernando , Sanches Fernandes Luis , Soeiro Vanessa , Lóio Sara , Prada Justina , Cortes Rui , Pires Isabel
Published: May 2021

The data from 78 native species of reptiles and amphibians admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Parque Biológico de Gaia (Portugal) from 2009 to 2017 were revised to determine the main causes of morbidity and mortality. These data include four different orders: order Squamata (51.3%), order Testudinata (12.8%), order Anura (12.8%), and order Caudata (2.6%). 92.3% of the considered admittances were adults arriving during spring (41%) and autumn (29.5%). The main causes of admission to Rehabilitation Center were animals debilitated (12.8%) and injured (66.7%). Trauma was the major cause of mortality (78.2%). Unknown origin was the main cause of traumatic (71.8%) and non-traumatic (9.0%) death, followed by captivity related lesions (6.4%). These animals are excellent bioindicators of the health of the ecosystem and enable the identification of the main threats affecting them, especially those of anthropogenic origin. Studies of mortality on wild reptiles and amphibians are important to understand which the main threats and how human activity is affecting these populations.
Distribution and Conservation Status of the Hyrcanian Wood Frog (Rana pseudodalmatina) in Azerbaijan
Authors: Kidov Artem Aleksandrovich , Litvinchuk Spartak Nikolaevich
Published: May 2021

In Azerbaijan, the Hyrcanian wood frog (Rana pseudodalmatina) usually inhabits forests in the Talysh Mountains and the Lenkoran Lowland from –28 to 2265 m above sea level. Drier regions to the north and west of the Talysh Mountains limit the species distribution. The species can locally penetrate to a no forested zone in the northern and western foothills of the Talysh Mountains and the Zuvand Desert. In order to study the distribution and estimate ecological preferences of the species, we applied MaxEnt using 98 localities from Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. The range of the species covers mainly pre-Caspian slopes of the Talysh and Alborz ridges. Of the parameters included in the model, the precipitation of driest month and the habitat homogeneity (index related to vegetation types) were variables with highest percentage contributions. Based on our data, in Azerbaijan R. pseudodalmatina is very common species in most places and in some localities is the most numerous amphibian species. The frog does not avoid human-transformed biotopes. The main factors influenced on a local declining of R. pseudodalmatina are the introduction of fishes (including invasive) and the common raccoon, destruction and contamination of suitable breeding water bodies. The most suitable method of conservation of the frog is construction of new ponds for their reproduction and wintering.
YAPAY ZEKÂ VE ROBOTLARIN EYLEMLERİNDEN KAYNAKLANAN CEZAİ SORUMLULUK SORUNU
Authors: CAŞIN Mesut , AL Dursun , BAŞKIR Nur Dinemis
Published: May 2021

Son yıllarda yapay zekâya sahip teknolojilerin gelişmesinin hayatlarımızı öngörülemez bir şekilde değiştirdiği ortadadır. Günümüzde, robotik cerrahi ameliyatlarından, insana ihtiyaç duymaksızın hedeflenen noktaya erişebilen sürücüsüz araçlara kadar pek çok alanda kendisini gösteren yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin, yakın gelecekte kendilerini programlayarak özgür iradeleriyle karar verebilecekleri ve adeta “teknolojik devrim” gerçekleştirecekleri öngörülmektedir. Ancak diğer yandan söz konusu yapay zekâya sahip varlıkların suç olarak nitelendirilebilecek eylemlerde bulunmaları durumunda cezai sorumluluğun ne şekilde belirleneceği, klasik suç ve ceza teorilerinin konunun aydınlatılmasında yeterli olup olmayacağı problemleri ortaya çıkacaktır. Tüm bu nedenlerle makalemizde, öncelikle yapay zekânın ne olduğu, Uluslararası hukukta ve Türk hukukunda hukuki statülerinin ne şekilde değerlendirildiğine değinilecektir. Akabinde ise yapay zekâlı robotların ceza sorumluluklarının ne olacağı ile ilgili tartışmalar ceza hukukunun kast ve isnadiyet kavramları çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır.
TÜRKİYE’DE KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM ÇALIŞMALARININ HUKUKİ BOYUTU VE UYGULAMADA KARŞILAŞILAN YASAL SORUNLAR
Authors: İNAM Şaban , SALALI Vuslat
Published: May 2021

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası tüm dünya ile birlikte ülkemizde de kentleşme anlamında fiziksel, sosyal ve ekonomik olarak hızlı bir dönüşüm yaşanmaya başlamıştır. Bu süreç içerisinde ortaya çıkan ekonomik gelişmenin bir sonucu olarak göçün neden olduğu düzensiz ve kaçak yapılaşma, hukuki müdahaleyi zorunlu kılmıştır. 2004 sonrasında kentlerimizi etkisi altına alan dönüşüm kavramı, hukuki olarak çıkarılan kanun, tasarı ve yönetmelikler ile hayatımıza girmiştir. Dünya genelinde kentsel dönüşüm içerikli yapılan uygulamalar ile karşılaştırıldığında, ülkemizde yapılan uygulamalarda beklentiye dayalı, anlık ve geçici düzenlemeler ile çözüme gidildiği, görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile dönüşüm kavramından beklenen hedefler ve yaşanan temel sorunlar göz önünde tutularak, kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında arsa düzenlemelerini de ilgilendiren yasalar incelenmiş; uygulamada görülen aksaklıklar belirlenerek çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Etkin Otorite Yokluğunda Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörlerin İnsan Hakları İhlallerinden Doğan Sorumluluk Halleri
Authors: TAŞ Burak
Published: May 2021

Uluslararası camia 1990’lı yıllardan beri etkin otorite yokluğu ile boğuşmaktadır. Bunun en somut örneği ise 2011 yılından bugüne Suriye’de yaşanmaktadır. Çalışmada, etkin otorite yokluğu durumunda devlet dışı silahlı aktörler tarafından gerçekleştirilen insan hakları ihlallerinden doğan sorumluluk halleri irdelenmektedir. Çalışma temel olarak üç ayrı aktör bağlamında inşa edilmiştir: İçinde bulunulan etkin otoriteden yoksun olan devlet, devlet dışı silahlı aktörlere yardım eden devlet ve son olarak doğrudan devlet dışı silahlı aktör. Çalışmada “Uluslararası Haksız Fiilden Ötürü Devletin Uluslararası Sorumluluğu” hakkındaki tasarı, örf ve adet hukuku, Birleşmiş Milletler’in organlarının kararları ve mevcut mahkeme kararları kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu husustaki hukuki düzenlemelerin etkisizliği eleştirel olarak tahlil edilmiş ve devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin sorumluluğunu belirleme kabiliyetini haiz uluslararası mekanizmaların inşa edilmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmuştur.
İŞ KANUNU KAPSAMINDA ÜCRETLENDİRMEDE AYRIMCILIĞIN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET BAKIŞ AÇISI İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: HALAÇOĞLU Dila
Published: May 2021

4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nda işverenin eşit işlemde bulunmasına ilişkin düzenlemeler getirilmiştir. Eşit işlem borcunun içeriğini oluşturan ayrımcılık türlerinden birisi cinsiyet temelli ayrımcılıktır. Bu ayrımcılık temelini toplumsal önyargılarda bulur ve bu o yargıların geneline toplumsal cinsiyet denir. İşverenler, işe alımda, iş ilişkisinin devamında ve sona ermesinde cinsiyet temelli ayrımcılık gerçekleştirebilirler. Ayrıca iş ilişkisinin devamı süresince gerçekleştirilen ayrımcılık, işçiler arasında ücretlendirmede ayrımcılık olarak görülebilir. Ancak tabi ki işverenler işçileri arasında ücretlendirme hususunda farklı uygulamalara gidebilir. Bunun şartı ise bu farklılaşmanın objektif sebeplere dayanıyor olmasıdır. Bu anlamda işveren kıdem, eğitim, verim gibi objektif kriterlerden hareket etmelidir. Aksi yönde uygulamalar, İş Kanunu madde 5 hükmünde yasaklanmıştır.
KEPANDUAN DAN POLITIK: GERAKAN PADVINDERS DI PADANG PANJANG 1926-1934
Authors: Sufyan Fikrul Hanif
Published: May 2021

Gerakan kepanduan pernah meledak di Afdeling Batipuh X dan Priaman di awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis hadirnya gerakan kepanduan dengan segala dinamikanya. Gerakan kepanduan ini beberapa kali melakukan gebrakan serta tuntutan Indonesia merdeka yang mereka suarakan langsung dari Padang Panjang.  Mulai dari gerakan protes, hingga membentuk Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia, atau dikenal dengan istilah PNI Baru Hatta-Sjahrir. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan kaidah metode sejarah –dimulai dengan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Padvinders di Padang Panjang telah dimulai sejak tahun 1924. Gerakan yang hadir di Padang Panjang antara lain International Padvinders Organitatie, El-Hilaal, Hizbul Wathan, dan Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM). Masing-masing kepanduan lahir dari sekolah-sekolah yang muncul sejak awal abad ke-20, kemudian bermetamorfosis menjadi sebuah gerakan politik. Gerakan politik KIM menjadi PNI Baru, telah mengubah paradigma kepanduan –yang selama ini hanya dianggap sebagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sekolah.   The scout movement rose to fame in the afdeling of Batipuh X and Priaman in the early 20th century. This paper is designed to analyze the presence of the scout movement and related matters. It had constituted a break with years of colonial era and pushed for an independent Indonesia, which they voiced directly from Padang Panjang. The movements they organized was from the protest movement to the formation of the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia or more popularly known as the PNI Baru Hatta – Sjahrir. The paper is organized according to the standard historical method rules; heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.  The scout movement, it all started in Padang Panjang in 1924. The International Padvinders Organitatie, the El-Hilaal, the Hizbul Wathan, and the Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM) were around then. They were originally established in schools at the beginning of the 20th century who transformed into the political movement then. KIM, which turned into a political movement or known as PNI Baru, has changed the scouting paradigm, which so far has only been regarded as the extracurricular school activity.
PERSEBARAN INDUSTRI BATIK DI BANDUNG, CIREBON, DAN TASIKMALAYA 1967-1998
Authors: Haerulloh Aziz Ali , Saringendyanti Etty , Septiani Ayu
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi, serta menggunakan pendekatan sosial ekonomi untuk menjelaskan secara kronologis pengaruh adanya persebaran industri batik terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Bandung, Cirebon, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel dalam mencari dan mengumpulkan data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian studi pustaka, studi lapangan, observasi, dan wawancara, menunjukkan bahwa penyebaran budaya membatik berpengaruh terhadap munculnya industri batik yang berada di Bandung, Cirebon, dan Tasikmalaya. Ketiga daerah tersebut memiliki peran dalam menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat sekitar yang memiiki keahlian dalam membatik, baik tulis maupun cap. Selain itu, industri batik di tiga kota tersebut memiliki skala produksi industri rumah tangga, kecil, dan menengah. Menjadi suatu hal yang menarik melihat persebaran dan dinamika industri batik dengan cara produksi tradisional di Bandung, Cirebon, dan Tasikmalaya berkembang pada saat Indonesia mengalami masa industrialisasi selama Orde Baru. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terjadinya pasang-surut industri batik tradisional di tengah-tengah gempuran modernisasi di bidang industri, tidak terkecuali dalam tekstil lokal.The study used the historical method which included a number of stages, such as heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography and also applied a socio-economic approach to explain chronologically the effect of the distribution of the batik industry on the welfare of the people of Bandung, Cirebon, and Tasikmalaya. The sample is used in this study to find and collect data. The results of literature study, field studies, observations, and interviews have revealed that the spread of batik culture has had a significant effect on the emergence of the batik industries in Bandung, Cirebon, and Tasikmalaya. The batik industries in the three regions has played an important role in creating jobs for local communities who have the expertise in doing the batik work, both the ‘batik tulis' and the ‘batik cap'. In addition, the batik industry in the three cities also has the industrial productions which includes either the household or small to medium scale. It is an interesting fact to see the distribution and the dynamics of the batik industry were produced through traditional production methods in Bandung, Cirebon and Tasikmalaya when Indonesia was experiencing a period of industrialization during the New Order. The research has shown that there have been ups and downs in the traditional batik industry amidst the threat of modernization in the industrial sector, including local textiles.
LUH AYU MANIK MAS SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI SUPERHERO PEREMPUAN BALI DALAM KOMIK
Authors: Utami Hanifah Puji , Priyatna Aquarini , Prabasmoro Tisna
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari minimnya penggambaran karakter beridentitas Indonesia dan maraknya marjinalisasi karakter perempuan dalam komik superhero. Salah satu komik yang mewujudkan tradisi budaya dan kearifan lokal Indonesia adalah Luh Ayu Manik Mas, yang menampilkan kebudayaan Bali. Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana Luh Ayu Manik Mas merepresentasikan perempuan Bali yang terwujud dalam karakternya sebagai superhero. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis isi terhadap empat edisi komik Luh Ayu Manik Mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Luh Ayu Manik Mas ditampilkan memanifestasi identitas lokal melalui sumber kekuatan, yang dinamakan dengan gelang Tri Datu, dan kepercayaannya pada Tri Hita Karana. Tri Datu diyakini sebagai sumber kekuatan hidup, sedangkan Tri Hita Karana diyakini sebagai prinsip hidup yang menjamin keharmonisan dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Agama dan Budaya merupakan hal yang berbeda. Luh Ayu Manik Mas merepresentasikan superhero perempuan Bali yang dimuliakan oleh ajaran agama Hindu (sebagai agama dominan di Bali), ketika budaya Bali masih tunduk pada sistem patriarki. This research is motivated by two reasons, namely the lack of the presence of characters with Indonesian identities and the marginalization of female characters in superhero comics. One of the comics that is quite representative of presenting Indonesia's cultural traditions and local wisdom is Luh Ayu Manik Mas, which contains the Balinese culture. This paper discusses how Luh Ayu Manik Mas has represented the Balinese women through her character as a superhero. The research is carried out using the content analysis method on the four comic editions of Luh Ayu Manik Mas.  The results of this study have shown that Luh Ayu Manik Mas was designed to appear to be a manifestation of local identities, such as a source of strength from the Tri Datu bracelet, and the belief in the Tri Hita Karana. Tri Datu is believed to be the source of life force and Tri Hita Karana is the principle of life that ensures harmony in every aspect of life. Religion and culture are two different things. Luh Ayu Manik Mas, who represents the figure of a Balinese female superhero who is glorified by the teachings of Hinduism as the dominant religion in Bali, is in contrast to Balinese culture which is still subject to the patriarchal system.
KAMPUNG ANGKLUNG DI CIAMIS: PENJAGA EKOSISTEM BUDAYA ANGKLUNG
Authors: Nopianti Risa , Budiman Hary Ganjar
Published: May 2021

Kampung Angklung merupakan perkampungan penghasil angklung yang berada di Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Sejak tahun 2010 angklung telah menjadi warisan budaya yang diakui dunia melalui konvensi yang digelar UNESCO di Nairobi, Kenya. Oleh Karena itulah diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk terus memajukannya melalui kegiatan pelindungan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan, dan pembinaan sumberdaya kebudayaan yang berkelanjutan sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Pemajuan Kebudayaan No.5 Tahun 2017. Artikel ini melihat masyarakat di Kampung Angklung dalam upaya menghidupkan dan menjaga ekosistem kebudayaan angklung yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara secara mendalam terhadap para pengrajin angklung di Kampung angklung serta stakeholder pemerintah yang mendukungnya. Ekosistem kebudayaan angklung di Kampung Angklung yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai subsistem seperti ekosistem tanaman bambu, pengrajin angklung, seniman angklung, sistem produksi dan distribusi, serta kelembagaan masyarakat, telah berkontribusi terhadap upaya menghidupkan dan menjaga ekosistem kebudayaan yang berkelanjutan. Ekosistem kebudayaan angklung mampu menjaga kelestarian ekosistem lingkungan, pada saat yang sama mereka juga dapat mengambil manfaat ekonomis daripadanya sekaligus melestarikan kebudayaan angklung.  Kampung Angklung in Ciamis Regency, West Java is a well-known producer of angklung. Since 2010, angklung has officially become a world-recognized cultural heritage as a result of the UNESCO convention held in Nairobi, Kenya. As a consequence, further steps are needed to continue to advance angklung by providing the activities of protecting, developing, utilizing, and fostering the sustainable resource culture referring to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2017 concerning Cultural Advancement. This article describes how the efforts of the people of Kampung Angklung to preserve and conserve the sustainable ecosystem of angklung culture. This research used the qualitative research methods, such as conducting the in-depth interviews with angklung craftsmen in Kampung Angklung, and the government stakeholders who supported the craftsmen. The ecosystem of angklung culture in Kampung Angklung, in which there are various subsystems such as bamboo plant ecosystem, angklung craftsmen, angklung artists, production and distribution systems, and community institutions, has contributed to preserve and conserve the sustainable ecosystem of angklung culture. The ecosystem of angklung culture assured to preserve the environmental ecosystem and, at the same time, to provide the economic benefits while preserving the angklung culture.
Minuman Ekstrak Bayam Merah (Alternanthera amoena Voss) dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale) dan Gula Aren
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Fakih , Novidahlia Noli , Irawanti Dwi Novian
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan formulasi minuman ekstrak bayam merah dengan penambahan ekstrak jahe dan gula aren terhadap uji organoleptik serta uji fisik dan mengetahui jumlah zat besi dan antioksidan pada produk terpilih. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga taraf perlakuan (ekstrak bayam merah : ekstrak jahe : gula aren) yaitu (70% : 15% : 15%), (80% : 10%10%) dan (85% : 7,5% : 7,5%). Analisis produk yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik (uji hedonik), nilai pH, total padatan terlarut (TPT) untuk menentukan produk terpilih. Analisis terhadap produk minuman ekstrak bayam merah terpilih yaitu uji zat besi dan antioksidan. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Minuman ekstrak bayam merah terpilih adalah (ekstrak bayam merah 70%, ekstrak jahe 15% dan gula aren 15%), yang memiliki nilai pH 7,2, total padatan terlarut 15,5 °Brix, dan zat besi 0,39 mg/100 g dan antioksidan dengan nilai 7,58 mg/mL (7580 ppm).
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extract with Different Solvent
Authors: Fahrul Muhammad , Sari Ira , Iriani Dian
Published: May 2021

This research was aims to determine the antibacterial characteristics of seaweed extract Eucheuma cottonii with different solvents against bacteria Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi, to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibition concentration of Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The research method used was an experimental method by extraction of Eucheuma cottonii with different solvents, namely ethanol 96% and hexane. The analysis parameters consisted of phytochemical identification tested, antibacterial tested, inhibition zone diameter, and minimum inhibition concentration. The results showed that E. cottonii seaweed extracted with ethanol 96% had of yield 3.16% and hexane 2.19%. The results of the phytochemical identification test (qualitative) showed a positive presence of phenolic compounds, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins. Both extractions are classified as having antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The 6% concentration of ethanol 96% solvent was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria with 7.33 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Meanwhile, the 4% concentration of ethanol 96% solvent was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria with 5 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Antibacterial from seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extracted with ethanol 96% and hexane solvent tends to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria than bacteria Salmonella typhi.Keywords: Eucheuma cottonii, Ethanol, Hexane, Antibacterial
Profil Gelatinisasi dan Sifat Fisik Tepung Campolay Masak Penuh dan Lewat Matang (Pouteria campechina) Gelatinization Profiles and Physical Propertis of Ripe and Over Ripe Canistal Flour (Pouteria campechiana)
Authors: Nacing Nursyawal , Irawan Ari , Pertiwi Sri Rejeki Retna , Aminullah Aminullah
Published: May 2021

This research aims to study gelatinization profile and physical properties of ripe and overripe canistel flour. Data statistically analyzed using the independent sample T-tes. Analyzed of the chemical properties of canistel fruits include water content, starch content, and sugar content, while analyzed canistel flour includes gelatinization profile, shape and size of starch granules with color test. The results of the analyzed showed that the water content and sugar content of ripe canistel fruit is higher than those of overripe canistel fruit, while the lower starch content. The total starch and amylose content of ripe canistel flour is higher than that of overripe flour. Analyzed the results of gelatinization profile ripe canistel flour has a peak viscosity, final viscosity, and  higher gelatinization temperature than the finished canistel flour and the gelatinization faster time. Analysis of the physical properties of the color parameters of canistel flour produces the reddish yellow color, while of the shape and size of the canistel flour starch granule shape that are round with size ranges between 2-7 µm.Keywords: Canistel fruit, canistel flour, gelatization profile.
Analysis of the Trading Margin of Micro Scale Tempe Processing Business in South Konawe Regency
Authors: Herdhiansyah Dhian , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Rianda La , Asriani Asriani
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the trading margin of tempe processing business a micro-scale in the South Konawe Regency. The Determination of the location of the study was done deliberately (purposive sampling). The sampling method used in this research is the census method technique, in which the sample used in this study is the tempe business Micro A, Micro B, Micro C, Micro D, Micro E, and Mikro F, documents and literature. The analysis used is the trading system margin analysis. The results showed that the comparison of prices in each chain actor, the highest business margin of micro-scale tempe business was tempe F with the trading margin of collector traders by 24%, collectors to market traders 26.47%.
Proximate Study and Acceptance of “Abon Ikan” Using Different Fish Meats in Cilacap
Authors: Wittriansyah Khoeruddin , Kristiningsih Ari , Prabowo Annas Setiawan
Published: May 2021

Cilacap is a center of fisheries in Central Java province. One of the development fisheries product is the processing of “Abon Ikan”. The advantage of “Abon Ikan” “Abon Ikan” is they have a long shelf life and can give additional income for fishermen. Different fish meat will affect the taste and nutritional content of the “Abon Ikan”. This study aims to analyze the differences in “Abon Ikan” from 3 types of fish meat used in Cilacap. The fish meat used is tuna, catfish (clarias), and patin (pangasius). The three “Abon Ikan” products were then analyzed for their nutrient contents using proximate analysis. Acceptance test using the sensory test carried out on 50 respondents covering aspects of taste, aroma, texture, and appearance. Based on the results of the proximate analysis, three parameters were in accordance with SNI Abon Ikan (1995) are crude protein content, ash content, and crude fat content. Parameters of water content and crude fiber content have not in accordance SNI Abon Ikan. “The hedonic test for acceptance of the four categories: taste, aroma, texture, and appearance, the highest positions were all in the Abon patin (4.04., 3,7., 4.02., 3,92).
Organoleptic and Proximate Analysis of Natto (Yellow Soy Fermented Food by The Bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto)
Authors: Sahirman Sahirman
Published: May 2021

This research aims to conduct organoleptic and proximate analysis of yellow soybean natto which is a food fermented from soybeans by Basillus subtillus natto. Natto is a traditional food originating from Japan that is classified as a probiotic food because it is consumed in fresh condition with the bacteria Basillus subtillus natto in it. Organoleptic analysis of natto in this study consisted of tests of texture, taste, color and aroma, while proximate analysis consisted of analysis of water content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and ash content. The results of the yellow soybean natto analysis show that the natto originating from Vedca Cianjur has a slimy sticky texture, brown color, a slightly sour and musty aroma like semangit tempeh and the savory taste of soybeans which is the distinctive aroma of natto. Proximate analysis shows that natto contains an average water level of  58.4± 0.50 %wb, average protein content of 20,1 ± 0.65 %wb, average fat content of 9.4 ± 0.42% wb, average carbohydrate content of 7.6 ± 0.47% wb, and the average ash content of 2.3 ± 0.19% wb. Keywords: physical, proximate, natto, Basillus subtillus natto
Pengaruh Umur Panen dan Metode Pengeringan terhadap Mutu Fisik Rumput Laut (Euchema spinosum)
Authors: Rofik Rosadi , Oktafiyanto Muhammad Firdaus , Syahiruddin Syahiruddin
Published: May 2021

Euchema spinosum merupakan rumput laut yang umum dibudidayakan didaerah kepulauan seribu, Jakarta. Penelitian ini menguji perbedaan umur panen yaitu 35 hari, 45 hari dan 55 hari yang dikombinasikan dengan metode penjemuran para-para dengan 2 ketebalan tumpukan 10 cm dan 20 cm serta metode gantung dengan jarak gantung 15 cm dan 30 cm.  Hasil pengukuran kadar vitamin C menunjukan umur 35 hari memililiki nilai tertinggi sebesar 61.37 mg/kg, dikiuti umur 45 hari sebesar 56.43mg/kg dan umur 55 hari 54.72mg/kg. Metode penjemuran terbaik berdasarkan hasil penelitaian adalah metode gantung 30 cm pada umur 45 hari berhasil mencapai kadar air 32% dalam waktu 7.5 jam. Pengujian organoleptik terhadap mutu fisik warna dan aroma rumput laut menunjukan seecara umum perlakuan dengan menggunakan metode gantung 30 cm memiliki hasil terbaik dengan rataan nilai 3.80.Kata kunci : Euchema spinosum, rumput laut, vitamin c, metode penjemuran, uji organoleptik
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Instant Perkedel using Kluwih Seed Flour and Potato Flour
Authors: Kusumaningrum Intan , Hapsari Distya Riski , Fauziah Putri Nurul
Published: May 2021

This research were aimed to study the effects of the kluwih seed flour and potato flour combination on the sensory properties of instant perkedel and the physicochemical properties of the selected product. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor. The factor was combination of kluwih seed flour and potato flour with 5 treatment levels A1 (20%:80%), A2 (25%:75%), A3 (50%:50%), A4 (75%:25%) and A5 (100%:0%). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan’s Advance Test. Selected perkedel was A3 treatment with the highest sensory and hedonic value. The selected product had the properties sensory of color lead to white bone (8.0), aroma lead to not typical kluwih (6.5), taste lead to not bitter (8.4), and texture lead to compact (8.1). The value of the hedonic result indicated preference for color 7.9, aroma 7.5, taste 7.5, texture 8.0 and overall 6.9. Physical analysis result showed there was no significant difference between the selected and the control one with brightness value 58.57. Meanwhile, the hardness of the selected product is harder than the control with hardness value 3915.5 gf. The results of the chemical analysis of the selected product had moisture content 50.71%, ash content 2.87%, protein content 3.47%, fat content 9.08%, carbohydrate content 33.88% and dietary fiber content 6.03%. Overall the chemical test results of the selected product tend to be better than the control.
Utilization of Green Tea Extract and Pineapple in Jelly Candy
Authors: Azhari Rizki , Harun Noviar , Ayu Dewi Fortuna
Published: May 2021

The ratio of green tea extract and pineapple juice on the quality and sensory properties of the jelly candy was studied. This research used a Complete Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The treatment in this research was the ratio of green tea extract and pineapple juice included NT1 (1: 99), NT2 (2: 98), NT3 (3: 97), NT4 (4: 96), and NT5 (5: 95). The analysis showed that the ratio of green tea extract and pineapple juice significantly affected moisture content, ash content, pH, reduction sugar content, antioxidant activity, colour, flavour, taste, and overall assessment but did not significantly affect the elasticity of jelly candy. The best formulation of jelly candy was NT1 with 21.65% water, 1.91% ash, 4.77pH, 4.80% sugar reduction, and 101.49ppm antioxidants activity. NT1 organoleptic score with descriptions of yellow, pineapple-flavoured, pineapple flavour, and chewy texture. The panellists also favoured the overall hedonic assessment of the NT1 treatment jelly candy with a score of 3,83.
Makna Mitos Aspek Spiritual Lukisan Bali Adu Ayam dan Barongsai Karya I Nyoman Sukari (SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES)
Authors: Fauziah Nida , Luthfie Muhammad , Agustini Agustini
Published: May 2021

Bali menjadi daerah yang kaya akan keindahan tradisi, budaya dan seni. Tradisi dan budaya Bali memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan lingkungan spiritual. Tidak hanya tradisi dan budaya, namun dalam hal seni pun juga melekat pada kehidupan masyarakat Bali, seperti lukisan yang menggambarkan kehidupan Bali, hal ini merupakan kebiasaan dari nenek moyang atau leluhur masyarakat Bali. Seniman-seniman lukis pun banyak terlahir dari daerah Bali, salah satunya I Nyoman Sukari dalam karya lukisnya selalu mengangkat tema akar tradisi Bali dari penggambaran objek figur-figur seram dan ritual tradisi Bali yang memiliki sisi mitos, seperti pada lukisan adu ayam dan lukisan barongsai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui makna mitos aspek spiritual lukisan Bali adu ayam dan barongsai ditinjau dari analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif analisis teori semiotika Roland Barthes. Pengumpulan data melalui data primer yaitu observasi dengan mencari data mengenai lukisan adu ayam dan barongsai melalui internet sebagai gambaran dengan didukung wawancara informan oleh pengamat lukisan, dua orang asal Bali yaitu Manika (Key Informan) dan Bram. Data sekunder yaitu dokumentasi dan triangulasi pada analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lukisan adu ayam dan barongsai memiliki makna mitos aspek spiritual pada objek dua ayam jantan dan sosok barongsai yang memiliki hubungan dengan makhluk gaib dan konsep rwa bhinneda. Kesimpulan makna mitos pada lukisan adu ayam dan barongsai adalah makhluk gaib atau jahat bhuta kala dan nien.Keywords: Semiotika; lukisan; Tradisi Bali; mitos.
POLA KOMUNIKASI PENGAJAR TERHADAP SANTRI BARU DI PESANTREN
Authors: Hasbiyah Desi , Apriliani Afmi
Published: May 2021

Pesantren is an Islamic educational institution with a boarding or boarding system. With the levels of Santri who register at the pesantren come from various ages, the santri teachers must have the ability to communicate and treat so that the students are able to adapt to new habits in pesantren education. This research was conducted to explore the forms of interaction and communication of the teachers as an effective method of delivering messages to the new students. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research, with the case study method. Data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that age is a very important factor in communication to shape perceptions, values, cultural backgrounds, knowledge, roles and the environment that have a high influence on the effectiveness of delivering messages that can create the desired communication. So that the method of delivering effective messages by the teachers to the new students is through the Parenting communication pattern approach using: 1) Permissive communication patterns (tend to behave freely) but remain focused and under supervision, 2) take an approach based on parenting with implementing the concept of reward and punishment ala Rasulullah SAW. With the results of this research, it is hoped that it will become an additional reference for teachers who are responsible for the new santri class to learn parenting and communication as the basis for the ability to convey messages so that the vision and mission of the pesantren can be realized, namely creating the nation's generation.