bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of black holes charged with a conformally invariant electrodynamics in (n+1)-dimensional scalar-tensor theory
Authors: Dehghani M.
Published: March 2024

The Jordan frame (JF) field equations of scalar-tensor (ST) theory are strongly coupled and, the exact solutions cannot be obtained easily. By using the conformal transformation (CT), the ST action has been translated to the Einstein frame (EF) where the theory is known as the Einstein-dilaton (Ed) gravity. Also, an [Formula: see text]-dimensional electromagnetic Lagrangian has been introduced which remains invariant under CT. The Ed-conformal-invariant field equations, which are confronted with the mathematical indeterminacy problem, have been solved by use of a power-law ansatz function. We have introduced two classes of black holes (BHs) which are asymptotically non-flat and non-AdS. The Ed exact solutions can produce BHs with three, two, one and without horizons. By calculating the thermodynamic quantities, and making use of the Smarr mass relation it has been shown that the thermodynamical first law is valid in the EF. Thermal stability of Ed BHs has been analyzed by considering specific heats, thermodynamic Ricci scalars and Gibbs free energies, separately. Then using the inverse CTs, the ST exact solutions have been obtained which show two classes of horizonless, one-horizon, two-horizon and three-horizon BHs. We found that CTs preserve thermodynamic quantities and, thermodynamic properties of the ST BHs are just like those of Ed ones.
Wave propagation analysis in the modified nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation: Insights from Khater II method and B-spline schemes
Authors: Khater Mostafa M. A.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate the modified nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation using analytical and numerical techniques. The modified nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation is a generalization of the classical Harry Dym equation, which describes the propagation of nonlinear waves in a variety of physical systems. The conformable fractional derivative is used to define the time fractional derivative in the equation, which provides a natural and straightforward approach. The Khater II method, a powerful analytical technique, is employed to obtain approximate solutions for the equation. Additionally, three numerical schemes, namely, Cubic-B-spline, Quantic-B-spline and Septic-B-spline schemes, are developed and implemented to solve the equation numerically. The numerical results are compared with other numerical solutions to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes. The physical meaning of the modified nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation is discussed in detail, and its relation to other nonlinear evolution equations is highlighted. The results of this study provide new insights into the behavior of nonlinear waves in physical systems and contribute to a better understanding of the physical characterizations of the modified nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation.
3D Generating Surfaces in Hamiltonian Systems with Three Degrees of Freedom – I
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Wiggins Stephen
Published: March 2024

In our earlier research (see [Katsanikas & Wiggins, 2021a , 2021b , 2023a , 2023b , 2023c ]), we developed two methods for creating dividing surfaces, either based on periodic orbits or two-dimensional generating surfaces. These methods were specifically designed for Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom. Our prior work extended these dividing surfaces to more complex structures such as tori or cylinders, all within the energy surface of the Hamiltonian system. In this paper, we introduce a new method for constructing dividing surfaces. This method differs from our previous work in that it is based on 3D surfaces or geometrical objects, rather than periodic orbits or 2D generating surfaces (see [Katsanikas & Wiggins, 2023a ]). To explain and showcase the new method and to present the structure of these 3D surfaces, the paper provides examples involving Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom. These examples cover both uncoupled and coupled cases of a quadratic normal form Hamiltonian system. Our current paper is the first in a series of two papers on this subject. This research is likely to be of interest to scholars and researchers in the field of Hamiltonian systems and dynamical systems, as it introduces innovative approaches to constructing dividing surfaces and exploring their applications.
Stability, Bifurcation and Dynamics in a Network with Delays
Authors: Xu Xu , Liu Jianming
Published: March 2024

In real-world networks, due to complex topological structures and uncertainties such as time delays, uncontrolled systems may generate instability and complexity, thereby degrading network performance. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the stability, Hopf bifurcation, and complex dynamics of a networked system under delayed feedback control. Based on the linear stability method and Hopf bifurcation theorem, the stability of the equilibrium of the error system and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are studied. The stability of periodic solutions bifurcating from the trivial equilibrium is analyzed using normal form theory and central manifold theorem. Special focus is on the effects of the network topology and time delays on the stability and Hopf bifurcation. The theoretical results are also extended to the complex networks with asymmetric adjacent matrices. In addition, the controlled model exhibits complicated dynamical behavior via three types of codimension two bifurcations and period-doubling bifurcations that eventually lead to chaos. Numerical experiments have validated the theoretical results and indicated that delayed feedback control can effectively generate or annihilate the complicated behavior of complex networks.
Study of Short-Term and Long-Term Memories by Hodgkin–Huxley Memristor
Authors: Wen L. , Ong C. K.
Published: March 2024

Long-term memory (LTM ) and short-term memory (STM ) and their evolution from one to the other are important mechanisms to understand brain memory. We use the Hodgkin–Huxley (HH ) model, a well-tested and closest model to biological neurons and synapses, to shine some light on LTM and STM memorization mechanisms. The role of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ion channels playing in LTM and STM process is carefully examined by using three different types of input signals, namely, a step DC voltage, a positive part of sinusoidal wave and periodic square signal with read voltage. Results are analyzed based on first-order [Formula: see text] memristor and second-order [Formula: see text] memristor.
ENHANCED SURFACE QUALITY AND STRENGTH OF FDMed SPECIMENS USING BBD AND BIO-INSPIRED ALGORITHMS
Authors: TAMILARASAN A. , RENUGAMBAL A.
Published: March 2024

This research investigated and optimized the parameters of the FDM process by employing bio-inspired algorithms for determining the optimal parameter settings in terms of surface quality and mechanical performance. Four important process parameters including layer thickness (0.11–0.33[Formula: see text]mm), part orientation (0–90°), raster width (0.2–0.56[Formula: see text]mm), and the raster angle (0–60°) at three variation levels were selected for fabricating the specimens (ABS material P430) using the statistical Box–Behnken design. ANOVA analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to fit the experimental data to a second-order polynomial equation. Through, the RSM analysis, the layer thickness is the key important factor that accounts for all of the responses. The fracture behavior of specimens was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the SEM analysis, a substantial amount of plastic deformation on the fracture surface indicative of craze cracking is visible from a 0° orientation, indicating a totally ductile fracture mechanism. Then, three swarm intelligence algorithms such as Tasmanian Devil Optimization (TDO), Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO) were implemented to optimize the input parameters that would lead to minimum surface roughness and maximum tensile strength. Experimental data and predicted values varied between 1.64% and 1.84%, as shown by verification experiments.
Local and 2-local derivations on filiform associative algebras
Authors: Abdurasulov Kobiljon , Ayupov Shavkat , Yusupov Bakhtiyor
Published: March 2024

This paper is devoted to the study of local and 2-local derivations of null-filiform, filiform and naturally graded quasi-filiform associative algebras. We prove that these algebras as a rule admit local derivations which are not derivations. We show that filiform and naturally graded quasi-filiform associative algebras admit 2-local derivations which are not derivations and any 2-local derivation of null-filiform associative algebras is a derivation.
Multi-graded Macaulay dual spaces
Authors: Cummings Joseph , Hauenstein Jonathan D.
Published: March 2024

We describe an algorithm for computing Macaulay dual spaces for multi-graded ideals. For homogeneous ideals, the natural grading is inherited by the Macaulay dual space which has been leveraged to develop algorithms to compute the Macaulay dual space in each homogeneous degree. Our main theoretical result extends this idea to multi-graded Macaulay dual spaces inherited from multi-graded ideals. This natural duality allows ideal operations to be translated from homogeneous ideals to their corresponding operations on the multi-graded Macaulay dual spaces. In particular, we describe a linear operator with a right inverse for computing quotients by a multi-graded polynomial. By using a total ordering on the homogeneous components of the Macaulay dual space, we also describe how to recursively construct a basis for each component. Several examples are included to demonstrate this new approach.
Biaxial Testing of EPDM Rubbers for Automotive Applications Using a Uniaxial Testing Machine
Authors: Migliorato Matteo , Campagnolo Alberto , Meneghetti Giovanni , Ghirelli Emanuele , Alexandru Ion Claudiu , Bergonzoni Matteo
Published: March 2024

The FE-based structural design of components made of rubber materials requires an experimental characterization to calibrate a proper hyperelastic material model. A strain energy density (SED) parameter is typically adopted to describe the hyperelastic behavior of isotropic rubbers. This can be written as a function of the strain tensors, the strain invariants or the stretch ratios and proper material parameters. The latter must be calibrated on experimental data generated by testing rubber materials under different loading conditions, typically two among uniaxial tension, pure shear and biaxial tension. In this context, the mechanical behavior of Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubbers, both in the dense and expanded configurations, which are typically employed to manufacture automotive seals, has been investigated. First, uniaxial tension tests have been performed. Afterwards, a new fixture has been developed to perform equi-biaxial tension tests using a uniaxial testing machine. The fixture has been adopted to test EPDM cruciform specimens under equi-biaxial tension loading. Finally, both uniaxial and equi-biaxial data have been employed to fit a Mooney–Rivlin material model for each tested EPDM rubber, which has been validated by comparing the results of FE simulations with the experimental ones.
A Comprehensive Study of Cerium-Modified Bi2FeMnO6 Double Perovskite: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications
Authors: Sahoo Laxmidhar , Behera S. A. , Achary P. G. R. , Parida S. K.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a detailed synthesis method by solid-state reaction route and typical characterization (structural, microstructural, dielectric, impedance, modulus, and optical properties) of a double perovskite material Bi2FeMn[Formula: see text]Ce[Formula: see text]O6. An orthorhombic crystal structure having an average crystallite size of 32.2[Formula: see text]nm is suggested by X-ray diffraction data (XRD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph detects the presence of cylindrical nanorod-shaped distinct grains and well-defined grain boundaries in this material and the average grain size is 5.82[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Furthermore, the purity and the presence of all constituent elements in the material were confirmed from energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and color mapping. Dielectric, impedance, modulus, and AC conductivity properties are studied within the temperature range of 25–500∘C and frequency range of 1[Formula: see text]kHz to 1[Formula: see text]MHz. The high dielectric constant at a low-frequency zone and low dielectric loss found in this material make it a promising candidate for better energy-storing devices. The negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior is observed from the impedance study. The non-Debye relaxation is detected in the modulus study. The semiconducting nature of this material is verified by semicircular arcs observed in both Nyquist and Cole–Cole plots. The thermally activated conduction mechanism is confirmed by an AC conductivity study. The existence of Bi–O, Fe–O, Mn–O and Ce–O stretching vibrations are observed from the FTIR study and explain the presence of all constituent elements in the sample. The bandgap energy of 1.7[Formula: see text]eV is calculated from UV-DRS analysis and hence this material can be used for advanced optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.
A 3D Feature-based Approach for Mapping Scaling Effects on Stone Monuments
Authors: Munoz-Pandiella Imanol , Pueyo Xavier , Bosch Carles
Published: March 2024

Weathering effects caused by physical, chemical, or biological processes result in visible damage that alters the appearance of stones’ surfaces. Consequently, weathered stone monuments can offer a distorted perception of the artworks to the point of making their interpretation misleading. Being able to detect and monitor decay is crucial for restorers and curators to perform important tasks, such as identifying missing parts, assessing the preservation state, or evaluating curating strategies. Decay mapping, the process of identifying weathered zones of artworks, is essential for preservation and research projects. This is usually carried out by marking the affected parts of the monument on a two-dimensional (2D) drawing or picture of it. One of the main problems of this methodology is that it is manual work based only on experts’ observations. This makes the process slow and often results in disparities between the mappings of the same monument made by different experts. In this article, we focus on the weathering effect known as “scaling,” following the International Council on Monuments and Sites, International Scientific Committee for Stone (ICOMOS ISCS) definition. We present a novel technique for detecting, segmenting, and classifying these effects on stone monuments. Our method is user-friendly, requiring minimal user input. By analyzing 3D reconstructed data considering geometry and appearance, the method identifies scaling features and segments weathered regions, classifying them by scaling subtype. It shows improvements over previous approaches and is well received by experts, representing a significant step toward objective stone decay mapping.
Investigation of The Failure Mechanisms of Li-Ion Pouch Cells with Si/Graphite Composite Negative Electrodes and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Conducting Additive
Authors: Dressler R. A. , Dahn J. R.
Published: March 2024

Silicon-Graphite composite electrodes are a rapidly developing area of research and commercialization. Increasing the energy density of current Li-ion battery technology can be done by simply creating silicon-graphite composite electrodes. It is well known that the failure of these silicon-graphite composite electrodes stems from the expansion of the silicon during cycling that causes mechanical degradation, excessive SEI formation, and electrode shift loss. Here we explore the use and capacity loss mechanisms of a silicon-graphite composite anode employing CMC/SBR binder used in conjunction with single wall carbon nanotubes. These nanotubes are thought to be effective in increasing mechanical resiliency of the electrodes and increase the electrical connectivity between particles within the formed electrode. When the Si/graphite electrode cycles, it is believed that the SWCNTs help keep the active particles electrically connected and, hence, electrochemically active. Through dV/dQ analysis and in situ pressure monitoring, the pouch cells studied here are shown to exhibit minimal loss of active mass in the positive and negative electrodes but experience capacity loss due to continued negative electrode SEI growth leading to lithium inventory or shift loss.
Dielectrically-Modulated GANFET Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of DNA and Avian Influenza Virus: Proposal and Modeling
Authors: Yadav Shivani , Das Amit , Rewari Sonam
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces a novel device called the Gate All Around Engineered Gallium Nitride Field Effect Transistor (GAAE-GANFET), designed specifically for label-free biosensing applications. This innovative gate-all-around engineering in GANFET integrates various device engineering techniques, such as channel engineering, gate engineering, and oxide engineering, to enhance biosensing performance. The channel engineering techniques refer to the use of a gallium nitride channel with a step-graded doping profile, divided into three distinct regions. In contrast, the gate engineering technique refers to the cylindrical split-gate-underlap architecture. The oxide engineering technique involves stacking Al2O3 and HfO2. Moreover, this biosensor incorporates two-sided gate underlap cavities that facilitate the immobilization of biomolecules. These open cavities not only provide structural stability but also simplify the fabrication process to a significant extent. The viability of this biosensor as a label-free biosensor has been evaluated using an antigen and an antibody from the Avian Influenza virus and DNA as the target biomolecules. The proposed analytical model and TCAD simulation results are in excellent agreement, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed device. Additionally, the biosensor’s sensitivity, which depends on cavity length, doping concentration, gate metal work function, and temperature variation, has been thoroughly explored. The gate-all-around structure, along with the integration of tri-step graded doping, GaN as the channel material, gate oxide stacking, and dual open cavity structure in the proposed biosensor, leads to significantly improved biosensing capabilities.
Effects of a bitter substance, denatonium benzoate, on pancreatic hormone secretion
Authors: Huang Weikun , O’Hara Stephanie E. , Xie Cong , Liu Ning , Rayner Christopher K. , Nicholas Lisa M. , Wu Tongzhi
Published: March 2024

We show that the bitter substance, denatonium benzoate (DB), stimulates insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and GLP-1 secretion from pancreatic islets, independent of glucose, and that DB augments insulin release via the KATP channel, bitter taste receptor signaling, and intraislet GLP-1 secretion. Exposure to a high dose of DB (5 mM) induces cellular apoptosis in pancreatic islets. Therefore, clinical use of bitter substances to improve glucose homeostasis may have unintended negative impacts beyond the gut.
Brown adipose tissue metabolism in women is dependent on ovarian status
Authors: Blondin Denis P. , Haman François , Swibas Tracy M. , Hogan-Lamarre Sophie , Dumont Lauralyne , Guertin Jolan , Richard Gabriel , Weissenburger Quentin , Hildreth Kerry L. , Schauer Irene , Panter Shelby , Wyland Liza , Carpentier André C. , Miao Yubin , Shi Jiayuan , Juarez-Colunga Elizabeth , Kohrt Wendy M. , Melanson Edward L.
Published: March 2024

In rodents, loss of estrogen reduces brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. Whether this is true in humans is not known. We found that BAT oxidative metabolism and glucose uptake were lower in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. In premenopausal women who underwent ovarian suppression to reduce circulating estrogen, BAT oxidative metabolism was reduced to postmenopausal levels. Thus the loss of ovarian function in women leads to a reduction in BAT metabolic activity independent of age.
Incretin and glucagon receptor polypharmacology in chronic kidney disease
Authors: McFarlin Brandon E. , Duffin Kevin L. , Konkar Anish
Published: March 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the kidney effects of incretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), have garnered substantial interest in the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This review delves into the intricate interactions between the kidney, GLP-1RAs, and glucagon, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and potential kidney benefits. Both GLP-1 and glucagon, known for their opposing roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, improve systemic risk factors affecting the kidney, including adiposity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. Additionally, these hormones and their pharmaceutical mimetics may have a direct impact on the kidney. Clinical studies have provided evidence that incretins, including those incorporating glucagon receptor agonism, are likely to exhibit improved kidney outcomes. Although further research is necessary, receptor polypharmacology holds promise for preserving kidney function through eliciting vasodilatory effects, influencing volume and electrolyte handling, and improving systemic risk factors.
A Novel Hybrid Feature Selection with Cascaded LSTM: Enhancing Security in IoT Networks
Authors: Sundaram Karthic , Natarajan Yuvaraj , Perumalsamy Anitha , Yusuf Ali Ahmed Abdi
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has created a situation where a huge amount of sensitive data is constantly being created and sent through many devices, making data security a top priority. In the complex network of IoT, detecting intrusions becomes a key part of strengthening security. Since IoT environments can be easily affected by a wide range of cyber threats, intrusion detection systems (IDS) are crucial for quickly finding and dealing with potential intrusions as they happen. IDS datasets can have a wide range of features, from just a few to several hundreds or even thousands. Managing such large datasets is a big challenge, requiring a lot of computer power and leading to long processing times. To build an efficient IDS, this article introduces a combined feature selection strategy using recursive feature elimination and information gain. Then, a cascaded long–short-term memory is used to improve attack classifications. This method achieved an accuracy of 98.96% and 99.30% on the NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets, respectively, for performing binary classification. This research provides a practical strategy for improving the effectiveness and accuracy of intrusion detection in IoT networks.
Numerical Analysis and Computation of a Subgrid‐Sparse‐Grad‐Div Stabilization Method for Incompressible Flow Problems
Authors: Yang Yun-Bo , Huang Bin-Chao
Published: March 2024

In this article, a subgrid‐sparse‐grad‐div method for incompressible flow problem was proposed, which is a combination of the subgrid stabilization method and the recently proposed sparse‐grad‐div method. The method maintains the advantage of both methods: (i) It is robust for solving incompressible flow problem with dominance of the convection, especially when the viscosity is too small. (ii) It can keep mass conservation. Therefore, the method is very efficient for solving incompressible flow. Moreover, based on the Crank–Nicolson extrapolated scheme for temporal discretization, and mixed finite element in spatial discretization, we derive the unconditional stability and optimal convergence of the method. Finally, numerical experiments are proposed to validate the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the efficiency of the method on a test problem for incompressible flow.
Hierarchical Stabilization and Tracking Control of a Flexible-Joint Bipedal Robot Based on Anti-Windup and Adaptive Approximation Control
Authors: Al-Shuka Hayder F. N. , Kaleel Ahmed H. , Al-Bakri Basim A. R.
Published: March 2024

Bipedal robotic mechanisms are unstable due to the unilateral contact passive joint between the sole and the ground. Hierarchical control layers are crucial for creating walking patterns, stabilizing locomotion, and ensuring correct angular trajectories for bipedal joints due to the system’s various degrees of freedom. This work provides a hierarchical control scheme for a bipedal robot that focuses on balance (stabilization) and low-level tracking control while considering flexible joints. The stabilization control method uses the Newton–Euler formulation to establish a mathematical relationship between the zero-moment point (ZMP) and the center of mass (COM), resulting in highly nonlinear and coupled dynamic equations. Adaptive approximation-based feedback linearization control (so-called adaptive computed torque control) combined with an anti-windup compensator is designed to track the desired COM produced by the high-level command. Along the length of the support sole, the ZMP with physical restrictions serves as the control input signal. The viability of the suggested controller is established using Lyapunov’s theory. The low-level control tracks the intended joint movements for a bipedal mechanism with flexible joints. We use two control strategies: position-based adaptive approximation control and cascaded position-torque adaptive approximation control (cascaded PTAAC). The interesting point is that the cascaded PTAAC can be extended to deal with variable impedance robotic joints by using the required velocity concept, including the desired velocity and terms related to control errors such as position, force, torque, or impedance errors if needed. A 6-link bipedal robot is used in simulation and validation experiments to demonstrate the viability of the suggested control structure.
Stimulated Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance the Osteogenesis and Cranial Bone Regeneration through IL‐32 Mediated P38 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaru , Zheng Ying , Wang Gang , Liu Yuanlin , Wang Yang , Jiang Xueyi , Liang Yueqing , Zhao Xinfeng , Li Ping , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2024

Objective. Our previous study found that it could significantly increase the expression of IL32 after stimulating the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (S‐HuMSCs). However, its role on the osteogenesis and cranial bone regeneration is still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the possible mechanism of this effect. Material and Methods. A series of experiments, including single‐cell sequencing, flow cytometry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting, were carried out to evaluate the characteristic and adipogenic–osteogenic differentiation potential of IL‐32 overexpression HuMSCs (IL‐32highHuMSCs) through mediating the P38 signaling pathway. Moreover, a rat skull bone defect model was established and treated by directly injecting the IL‐32highHuMSCs to conduct its role on the cranial bone regeneration. Results. In total, it found that compared to HuMSCs, IL32 was significantly increased and promoted the osteogenic differentiation (lower expressions of PPARγ, Adiponectin, and C/EBPα, and increased expressions of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, OPN, SP7, OCN, and DLX5) in the S‐HuMSCs (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of HuMSCs was recovered by IL‐32 overexpression (IL‐32highHuMSCs) through activating the P38 signaling pathway, like as the S‐HuMSCs (P < 0.05). However, the osteogenic differentiation potential of IL‐32highHuMSCs was significantly reversed by the P38 signaling pathway inhibitor SB203580 (P < 0.05). Additionally, the HuMSCs, S‐HuMSCs, and IL‐32highHuMSCs all presented adipogenic–osteogenic differentiation potential, with higher levels of CD73, CD90, and CD105, and lower CD14, CD34, and CD45 (P > 0.05). Furthermore, these findings were confirmed by the rat skull bone defect model, in which the cranial bone regeneration was more pronounced in the IL‐32highHuMSCs treated group compared to those in the HuMSCs group, with higher expressions of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, and DLX5 (P < 0.05). Conclusion. We have confirmed that S‐HuMSCs can enhance the osteogenesis and cranial bone regeneration through promoting IL‐32‐mediated P38 signaling pathway, which is proved that IL‐32 may be a therapeutic target, or a biomarker for the treatment of cranial bone injuries.
Theoretical Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Fluidized Bed Photoreactor (FBP) Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): Fluidization Conditions for TiO2-CuO Immobilized on Beach Sand Granules
Authors: Solano Ricardo , Mueses Miguel , Herrera Adriana
Published: March 2024

The flow regime is essential in the photoreactor’s performance in pollutant degradation in the aqueous medium, especially in fluidized systems. Therefore, this study is focused on determining the fluidization conditions of a granular catalyst based on TiO2-CuO nanoparticles (1 wt.% CuO) immobilized on beach sand granules using an FBP photoreactor. COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 was employed for inlet velocities between 0.1 m/s and 1.0 m/s, mainly from the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model and the Stokes drag law. The results indicated that the average velocities in the annular section are much higher (4.11ut and 5.42ut) than the required particle terminal velocity. Moreover, the pressure contour lines revealed that these flow velocities do not represent excessive pressures in the concentric cylinders, with maximum gauge pressures of 740.52 Pa and 1310 Pa for inlet velocities Uo=0.75 and 1.0 m/s, respectively. Finally, it was determined that the Reynolds number adjusted (Repf) values lower than or equal to 1.37×10−3 allow high fluidization after 2 seconds. This information makes it possible to adapt and assemble the FBP equipment for future photocatalytic evaluation.
Effectiveness of a Haemorrhage-Control Task Simulator for Training Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental before-after Study
Authors: Bertini-Pérez Daniel , Martin-Ibañez Luis , Gómez Chica Pablo , Dobarrio-Sanz Iria , Rodriguez-Arrastia Miguel , Roman Pablo , Rueda-Ruzafa Lola
Published: March 2024

Aim. To assess the efficacy of a low-cost haemorrhage-control task simulator integrated in a high-fidelity simulation scenario to facilitate knowledge and practical skills acquisition, as well as self-efficacy in haemorrhage control among nursing students. Design. A quasiexperimental before-after design was conducted at the University of Almeria. Methods. A one-group preintervention, immediate postintervention, and a third assessment at three months were performed, with the Stop the Bleed Education Assessment Tool used to evaluate knowledge of haemorrhage control, as well as a 5-point Likert scale used to evaluate perceived self-efficacy. The success of controlling exsanguinating bleeding was determined by quantifying the millilitres lost during the intervention and calculating the time required to control the haemorrhaging. The data were reported using the TREND guidelines. Results. One hundred and three final-year nursing students participated in this study. Significant improvements (p<0.001) were observed in pre- and posttest total scores on knowledge of bleeding control, self-efficacy, as well as time is taken and volume loss to control the haemorrhage. Similar results were observed between preassessment and three months postassessment with significant improvements (p<0.001) in all measures. Conclusions. The use of a haemorrhage-control task simulator within a high-fidelity simulation scenario resulted in noteworthy improvements in nursing students’ practical skills, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy. After three months, performance decreased but remained greater than pretraining levels. Thus, broadening the use of this task-training simulator would be of great value to further develop a first responder training approach with healthcare professionals and other laypersons, allowing for greater knowledge distribution and reaching a larger audience. Implications for Nursing Management. The findings underscore the potential efficacy of this simulator as a valuable resource for nursing educators and supervisors to train nursing students and professionals in terms of practical skills, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy in haemorrhage control, fostering a train-the-trainer cascade approach to reach a wider audience and enhance bleeding control proficiency among professionals.
Supplementary Table s3 from Dabrafenib Alters MDSC Differentiation and Function by Activation of GCN2
Authors: Ciudad M. Teresa , Quevedo Rene , Lamorte Sara , Jin Robbie , Nzirorera Nadine , Koritzinsky Marianne , McGaha Tracy L.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Table s3
Supplementary Table s2 from Dabrafenib Alters MDSC Differentiation and Function by Activation of GCN2
Authors: Ciudad M. Teresa , Quevedo Rene , Lamorte Sara , Jin Robbie , Nzirorera Nadine , Koritzinsky Marianne , McGaha Tracy L.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Table s2
Supplementary Table s1 from Dabrafenib Alters MDSC Differentiation and Function by Activation of GCN2
Authors: Ciudad M. Teresa , Quevedo Rene , Lamorte Sara , Jin Robbie , Nzirorera Nadine , Koritzinsky Marianne , McGaha Tracy L.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Table s1
Therapeutic Inertia With Initial Low-Dose Quadruple Combination Therapy for Hypertension: Results From the QUARTET Trial
Authors: Wang Nelson , von Huben Amy , Marschner Simone , Nelson Mark , Nolde Janis M. , Schlaich Markus , Figtree Gemma , Hillis Graham , Usherwood Tim , Reid Christopher , Chalmers John , Jansen Shirley , Atkins Emily R. , Billot Laurent , Chow Clara , Rodgers Anthony ,   On behalf of the QUARTET Investigators
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Low-dose combinations are a promising intervention for improving blood pressure (BP) control but their effects on therapeutic inertia are uncertain.

METHODS:

Analysis of 591 patients randomized to an ultra-low-dose quadruple pill or initial monotherapy. The episode of therapeutic inertia was defined as a patient visit with a BP of >140/90 mm Hg without intensification of antihypertensive treatment. We compared the frequency of therapeutic inertia episodes between Quadpill and initial monotherapy as a proportion of the total population (intention-to-treat analysis with the denominator being all participants randomized) and as a proportion of people with uncontrolled BP (with the denominator being participants with uncontrolled BP).

RESULTS:

Therapeutic inertia occurred in fewer participants randomized to Quadpill compared with monotherapy. For example, among the 390 participants with a 6-month follow-up, therapeutic inertia according to unattended BP was 21/192 (11%) versus 45/192 (23%),
P
=0.002. There were similar rates of therapeutic inertia among those with uncontrolled unattended BP in each group (all
P
>0.4). Consistent observations were seen with the use of attended office BP measures. The major determinants of not intensifying treatment during follow-up were BP readings that were close to target and large improvements in BP compared with the previous visit.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among all treated individuals, low-dose Quadpill reduced the number of therapeutic inertia episodes compared with initial monotherapy. After the first follow-up visit, most high BP values did not lead to treatment intensification in both groups. Education is needed about the importance of treatment intensification despite a significant improvement in BP or BP being close to target.

REGISTRATION:

URL: XXX; Unique identifier: ACTRN12616001144404
Temporal Trends in the Initiation of Dialysis Among Patients With Heart Failure With or Without Diabetes: A Nationwide Study From 2002 to 2016
Authors: Knigge Pauline , Lundberg Sørine , Strange Jarl E. , Malik Mariam E. , Nouhravesh Nina , Wagner Andrea K. , Gislason Gunnar , Fosbøl Emil L. , Carlson Nicholas , Zahir Deewa , Andersson Charlotte , Butt Jawad H. , Jhund Pardeep , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J. V. , Køber Lars , Schou Morten
Published: March 2024

Background

The incidence and distribution of acute and chronic dialysis among patients with heart failure (HF), stratified by diabetes, remain uncertain. We hypothesized that with improved survival and rising comorbidities, the demand for dialysis would increase over time.

Methods and Results

Patients with incident HF, aged 18 to 100 years, between 2002 and 2016, were identified using Danish nationwide registers. Primary outcomes included acute and chronic dialysis initiation, HF‐related hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality. These outcomes were assessed in 2002 to 2006, 2007 to 2011, and 2012 to 2016, stratified by diabetes. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person‐years and hazard ratios (HR) using multivariable Cox regression. Of 115 533 patients with HF, 2734 patients received acute dialysis and 1193 patients received chronic dialysis. The IR was 8.0 per 1000 and 3.5 per 1000 person‐years for acute and chronic dialysis, respectively. Acute dialysis rates increased significantly among patients with diabetes over time, while no significant changes occurred in those without diabetes, chronic dialysis, HF‐related hospitalization, or overall mortality. Diabetes was associated with significantly higher HRs of acute and chronic dialysis, respectively, compared with patients without diabetes (HR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.80–2.39] and 2.93 [95% CI, 2.40–3.58] in 2002 to 2006; HR, 2.45 [95% CI, 2.14–2.80] and 2.86 [95% CI, 2.32–3.52] in 2007 to 2011; and 2.69 [95% CI, 2.33–3.10] and 3.30 [95% CI, 2.69–4.06] in 2012 to 2016).

Conclusions

The IR of acute and chronic dialysis remained low compared with HF‐related hospitalizations and mortality. Acute dialysis rates increased significantly over time, contrasting no significant trends in other outcomes. Diabetes exhibited over 2‐fold increased rates of the outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and renal care in patients with HF, especially with diabetes, to optimize outcomes and prevent adverse events.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: A Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Musmar Basel , Salim Hamza , Abdelgadir Jihad , Spellicy Samantha , Adeeb Nimer , Zomorodi Ali , Friedman Allan , Awad Issam , Jabbour Pascal M. , Hasan David M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Cerebral cavernous malformations are complex vascular anomalies in the central nervous system associated with a risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Traditional guidelines have been cautious about the use of antithrombotic therapy in this patient group, citing concerns about potential bleeding risk. However, recent research posits that antithrombotic therapy may actually be beneficial. This study aims to clarify the association between antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral cavernous malformations.

Methods and Results

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Nine single‐center, nonrandomized cohort studies involving 2709 patients were included. Outcomes were analyzed using random‐effects model, and a network meta‐analysis was conducted for further insight. Of the 2709 patients studied, 388 were on antithrombotic therapy. Patients on antithrombotic therapy had a lower risk of presenting with intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.45–0.7];
P
<0.0001). In addition, the use of antithrombotic therapy was associated with lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage from a cerebral cavernous malformation on follow‐up (OR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.13–0.35];
P
<0.0001). A network meta‐analysis revealed a nonsignificant OR of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.23–2.56) when antiplatelet therapy was compared with anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusions

Our study explores the potential benefits of antithrombotic therapy in cerebral cavernous malformations. Although the analysis suggests a possible role for antithrombotic agents, it is critical to note that the evidence remains preliminary. Fundamental biases in study design, such as ascertainment and assignment bias, limit the weight of our conclusions. Therefore, our findings should be considered hypothesis‐generating and not definitive for clinical practice change.
Pentaspline Pulsed Field Ablation Catheter Versus Cryoballoon for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Results From a Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Chaumont Corentin , Hayoun Camilia , Savoure Arnaud , Al Hamoud Raphael , Auquier Nathanael , McDonnell Emily , Eltchaninoff Helene , Anselme Frederic
Published: March 2024

Background

Cryoballoon ablation is currently the gold standard technique for single‐shot pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has recently emerged as an interesting nonthermal alternative energy for PVI. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and long‐term efficacy of PVI using the pentaspline PFA catheter in comparison to cryoballoon ablation.

Methods and Results

Between January 2021 and December 2022, we included all consecutive patients of our center in whom a first PVI‐only procedure was performed using PFA or cryoballoon. The choice of the energy was based on patients' preference between general anesthesia (PFA) and local anesthesia (cryoballoon). The primary end point was freedom from documented atrial arrhythmia recurrence after a 3‐month blanking period. A total of 301 patients (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in 220 patients) underwent a first PVI procedure performed using PFA (n=151) or cryoballoon (n=150). Complete short‐term PVI was obtained in 144 of 150 patients (96%) in the cryoballoon group and in all patients of the PFA group (
P
=0.01). Procedure duration was significantly longer in the cryoballoon group. Transient and persistent phrenic nerve injuries were observed in the cryoballoon group only (13/150 and 2/150, respectively). One‐year freedom from atrial arrhythmia was significantly higher in the PFA group compared with the cryoballoon group (87.9% versus 77.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.30–0.96];
P
=0.037).

Conclusions

This prospective, comparative, real‐life study suggested that PFA could overcome safety limitations of cryoballoon with optimal effectiveness. Randomized controlled studies are required to further investigate the potential superiority of PFA over cryoballoon.
Simulating the Effect of Environmental Change on Evolving Populations
Authors: Bullinaria John A.
Published: March 2024

This study uses evolutionary simulations to explore the strategies that emerge to enable populations to cope with random environmental changes in situations where lifetime learning approaches are not available to accommodate them. In particular, it investigates how the average magnitude of change per unit time and the persistence of the changes (and hence the resulting autocorrelation of the environmental time series) affect the change tolerances, population diversities, and extinction timescales that emerge. Although it is the change persistence (often discussed in terms of environmental noise color) that has received most attention in the recent literature, other factors, particularly the average change magnitude, interact with this and can be more important drivers of the adaptive strategies that emerge. Moreover, when running simulations, the choice of change representation and normalization can also affect the outcomes. Detailed simulations are presented that are designed to explore all these issues. They also reveal significant dependences on the associated mutation rates and the extent to which they can evolve, and they clarify how evolution often leads populations into strategies with higher risks of extinction. Overall, this study shows how modeling the effect of environmental change requires more care than may have previously been realized.
An experimental evolution study deciphers differences between the life attributes of developmental variants in Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Siddiqui Arshi , Omkar  , Nuotcla Jon Andreja , Mishra Geetanjali
Published: March 2024

Developmental plasticity is a well-known individual survival strategy. Organisms are usually limited in their ability to read environmental cues and to integrate present and past information for optimally adjusting their phenotype to the state of their environment. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of experimental selection on the ontogenesis of developmental variants under standard laboratory conditions. Developmental plasticity of the ladybird Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is known but experimental evolution studies are still lacking. Our data revealed the effects of selection based on developmental rate over 15 generations. The selection resulted into two variants and showed an elevation of the adult body mass after 15 generations for fast developers. The ratio of the two developmental variants changes according to the applied selective pressure but is bimodal in both (F1 and F15) the generations.
Plotinus on Plato’s Timaeus 90 a
Authors: Viltanioti Irini-Fotini
Published: March 2024

The central place of Plato’s Timaeus in Plotinus’ Enneads has long been acknowledged. However, the importance of Timaeus 90 a for Plotinus’ psychology and theory of Intellect has not until now been properly recognized. This paper argues that, in Plato’s Timaeus 90 a, Plotinus sees his own distinction between the Hypostasis Intellect and human intellect, that is, our higher soul, which Plato in the Timaeus calls a daimon and which Plotinus takes to remain in the intelligible realm, interpreting it along the same lines as “our allotted guardian spirit” (Ennead III.4). The way Timaeus 90 a is combined with passages drawn from other Platonic dialogues as well as with Peripatetic doctrine provides the framework for a case study on how Plotinus handles and interprets Platonic material.