bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decorating Cutting as New Approach to Machine Tool System Dynamics
Authors: Murcinkova Zuzana , Vasilko Karol
Published: March 2015

The paper presents so called decorating cutting focused on turning. It uses self-excited vibrations that are typical for turning and other types of cutting operations. The decorating turning do not utilize setting of unstable technological conditions of cutting process but it actively use the acting of cutting force on machine tool without generation of unwanted chatter vibrations. The special tool fixture was developed to utilize self-excited vibrations invoked by periodical changeability of cutting force by cutting process itself. Thus the typical texture of surface appears. The various macro/micro-textures of surfaces can be applied either for decorating purpose or for better holding of oil film.
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia among People of Morang District of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Shrawan Kumar , Nepal Niraj , Niroula Dilli Ram
Published: March 2015

Hyperuricemia refers to an elevation in the serum uric acid concentration. The blood levels of uric acid are a function of the balance between the breakdown of purines & the rate of uric acid excretion. Theoretically, alterations in this balance many account for hyperuricemia. Prolonged hyperuricemia often associated with gout, is an important risk factor for damaged joints. The present study is undertaken with the aim to find out the prevalence of hyperuricemia by age & sex, to establish the statistically significant correlation between serum creatinine & triglyceride concentration with uric acid concentration & to study the relation between alcohol drinking & hyperuricemia in Morang District, by routine health examinations in the out Patients Department (OPD) of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar from January 2012 to January 2013. The study reveals that 28.57% (male – 30.06%., female -26.61%) of patients have been suffering from hyperuricemia. It indirectly indicates hyperuricemia is very frequent in developing country like Nepal. The present study denoted that hyperuricemia is directly related to alcohol consumption in both male & female.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12228Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 1-6
Bridge Plating of Comminuted Shaft of Femur Fractures
Authors: Kalam Mohammad Abul , Kumar Pradeep , Hussain Mohammad Afzal , Ahmad Iqbal
Published: March 2015

A prospective study of forty comminuted femoral shaft fractures, open and close, treated with a relatively minimally invasive technique termed as bridge plate osteosynthesis or biological fixation. Less invasive procedure, Short operative time and less blood loss was seen during surgical procedure. This prospective study was conducted at Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar from 2010 to 2011. This study was done because most of the femoral shaft fractures treated under C-arm mobile image intensifier but bridge plating system does not require such advanced costly equipment. Almost all cases were free from long term complications. All fractures healed within 6 months. Bone grafting was done for 2 cases as a secondary procedure. The complication of infections was seen in two of open fractures. This procedure can easily be carried out in general operating table by appropriable surgeons.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12230Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 7-12
Burden of Teenage Pregnancies in Hilly Area of Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Sah Ram Bilakshan , Gaurav Kumar , Baral Dharani Dhar , Jha Nilambar , Pokharel Paras Kumar
Published: March 2015

Teenage pregnancy, which is detrimental to the health of mother and child, is a common public health problem worldwide. It is a problem that affects nearly every society- developed and developing alike. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its impact on birth outcome. The cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhankuta municipality where 246 households were taken as subjects. Chi-square test was applied to find out the significant difference between socio demographic characteristics and outcome variable i.e. birth outcome & age of 1st pregnancy. About 34.6% of respondents were pregnant at below 20 years of age. The teenage pregnancies decreases as education level increases (p<0.001). Furthermore, economic variable shows stronger association with teenage pregnancies (p<0.001). Fetal complication was significantly higher among below 20 years of age (81%) than women with 20 years and above (19%). The proportion of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) babies was also significantly higher in women with teenage pregnancy (78.3%) than women with 20 years and above (21.7%). We conclude that the problem of teenage pregnancy is common and has become a key public health concern for all. The teenage pregnancy was not favorable condition for baby outcome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12231Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 13-19
Preliminary Study in Children with Autistic Savant Syndrome
Authors: Sah Vijay Kumar
Published: March 2015

Background: Savant syndrome, characterized by remarkable islands of mental ability in otherwise mentally handicapped persons, may occur in autistic as well as non autistic individuals. Overall, approximately 10% of autistic persons exhibit savant abilities. Savant skills are typically confined to five areas: art, music, calendar calculating, mathematics and mechanical/spatial skills. Methods: Data taken from the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat- Sen university from December 09, 2008 to September 08, 2009. We have analyzed 885 cases, among them 725 were with autistic disorder and 160 were of Mental retardation. Total subjects enrolled were altogether 48; Male 45, Female 3 with mean and SD of age 7.08 ± 2.31 years. Number of savant skills in children group includes 11 Autism, 10 HFA, 26 AS, 1 MR. Results: Approximately one in thirteen (7%) of children with autistic disorder had savant skills in our study. Approximately less than 1% of children with developmental disability, mental retardation had savant skills in our study. Overall, many more males showed some form of savant skill. Artistic skill is one of the most common savant skills seen in autistic children. The socioeconomic status of the parents of autistic children was relatively high. Conclusions: We thus conclude that autism (or autistic traits) and savant skills are inextricably linked and we should therefore look to autism in our quest to solve the puzzle of the savant syndrome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12232Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 20-25
Clinical Profile of Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Kafle Dilli Ram , Oli Krishna Kumar
Published: March 2015

Epilepsy is a common and diverse disorder with many different causes. Outcomes are varied with 60—70% of newly diagnosed people rapidly entering remission after starting treatment and 20—30% developing a drug-resistant epilepsy with consequent clinical and psychosocial distress. It is a Descriptive Cross-sectional study which was conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to January 2014.A total of 150 patients participated in the study. There was statistically significant association between numbers of seizures before starting medication and the frequency of seizure after starting medication (p<0.001).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12234Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 31-34
Role of Socio-Demographic Factors, Stressful Life Events, College and Family Environment In Causation of Psychiatric Problems In Engineering Students
Authors: Pandey Arun Kumar , Sapkota Nidesh , Adhikari Baikuntha Raj , Koirala Parashar , Bhojak Madan Mohan
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Professional college provides various opportunities for the all-round development of the students but they may also be subjected to various kinds of stressors. Engineering educational system is highly competitive and the students may face difficulties in both academic and personal life, sometime leading to psychiatric disorders. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study from Malviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur the premier engineering college of Rajasthan and India. 196 students (1st year 50, 2nd year 51, 3rd year 48 and final year 47) were the subject for this study. In first phase, socio-demographic data sheet and GHQ-60 Hindi version to ascertain the extent of psychiatric illnesses was administered. False positive cases were dropped and then diagnosed students with psychiatric problems and control group were administered tests to find out the role of probable contributing factors. Results were analyzed and suitable statistical procedure was applied. Result and Conclusion: Forty eight out of one hundred ninety six students i.e. 24.49% had some psychiatric disorders. Engineering students from lower income group, Hindi as their medium of study before entering Engineering College than students with English background, students from nuclear family than from joint family and students from urban background has higher rate of psychiatric illness in all the groups. Family and college environment was also a contributing factor.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12238Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Pqge: 52-60
Providential Naturalism and Miracles: John Fearn's Critique of Scottish Philosophy
Authors: Grandi Giovanni B.
Published: March 2015

According to Thomas Reid, the development of natural sciences following the model of Newton's Principia and Optics would provide further evidence for the belief in a provident God. This project was still supported by his student, Dugald Stewart, in the early nineteenth century. John Fearn (1768–1837), an early critic of the Scottish common sense school, thought that the rise of ‘infidelity’ in the wake of scientific progress had shown that the apologetic project of Reid and Stewart had failed. In reaction to Reid and Stewart, he proposed an idealist philosophy that would dispense with the existence of matter, and would thus cut at the root what he thought was the main source of modern atheism. In this paper, I consider Fearn's critique of Reid and Stewart in his main works: First Lines of the Human Mind (1820) and Manual of the Physiology of Mind (1829). I also consider Fearn's arguments against Hume and in favour of a renewed apologetics in An Essay on the Philosophy of Faith and the Economy of Revelation (1815).
Glibenclamide for the Treatment of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Caffes Nicholas , Kurland David , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J.
Published: March 2015

Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are associated with severe functional disability and high mortality. Except for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, therapies targeting the underlying pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) ischemia and hemorrhage are strikingly lacking. Sur1-regulated channels play essential roles in necrotic cell death and cerebral edema following ischemic insults, and in neuroinflammation after hemorrhagic injuries. Inhibiting endothelial, neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendroglial sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Sur1–Trpm4) channels and, in some cases, microglial KATP (Sur1–Kir6.2) channels, with glibenclamide is protective in a variety of contexts. Robust preclinical studies have shown that glibenclamide and other sulfonylurea agents reduce infarct volumes, edema and hemorrhagic conversion, and improve outcomes in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Retrospective studies suggest that diabetic patients on sulfonylurea drugs at stroke presentation fare better if they continue on drug. Additional laboratory investigations have implicated Sur1 in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic CNS insults. In clinically relevant models of subarachnoid hemorrhage, glibenclamide reduces adverse neuroinflammatory and behavioral outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the preclinical studies of glibenclamide therapy for CNS ischemia and hemorrhage, discuss the available data from clinical investigations, and conclude with promising preclinical results that suggest glibenclamide may be an effective therapeutic option for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
DNA-Catalyzed Henry Reaction in Pure Water and the Striking Influence of Organic Buffer Systems
Authors: Häring Marleen , Pérez-Madrigal Maria , Kühbeck Dennis , Pettignano Asja , Quignard Françoise , Díaz David
Published: March 2015

In this manuscript we report a critical evaluation of the ability of natural DNA to mediate the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction at physiological temperature in pure water. Under these conditions, no background reaction took place (i.e., control experiment without DNA). Both heteroaromatic aldehydes (e.g., 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde) and aromatic aldehydes bearing strong or moderate electron-withdrawing groups reacted satisfactorily with nitromethane obeying first order kinetics and affording the corresponding β-nitroalcohols in good yields within 24 h. In contrast, aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes having electron-donating groups either did not react or were poorly converted. Moreover, we discovered that a number of metal-free organic buffers efficiently promote the Henry reaction when they were used as reaction media without adding external catalysts. This constitutes an important observation because the influence of organic buffers in chemical processes has been traditionally underestimated.
A Highly Sensitive ELISA and Immunochromatographic Strip for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium in Milk Samples
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Liu Liqiang , Song Shanshan , Tang Lijuan , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: March 2015

Murine monoclonal antibodies to target Salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were prepared and characterized. For the immunological detection of S. typhimurium, different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. After comparison, a sandwich ELISA and immunochromatographic strip based on LPS MAbs was established to detect S. typhimurium. The determination limits of the immunochromatographic strip in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% Tween 20 (PBST) and pure milk sample were found to be 1.25 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL and 1.25 × 106 cfu/mL S. typhimurium, respectively. Results can be obtained with the naked eye in 10 min. Cross-reactivity was observed with Salmonella paratyphi B, but not S. paratyphi A or Salmonella enteritidis. The LPS MAbs based immunochromatographic strip is rapid and convenient to detect S. typhimurium in milk samples.
Hydrodynamic Voltammetry as a Rapid and Simple Method for Evaluating Soil Enzyme Activities
Authors: Sazawa Kazuto , Kuramitz Hideki
Published: March 2015

Soil enzymes play essential roles in catalyzing reactions necessary for nutrient cycling in the biosphere. They are also sensitive indicators of ecosystem stress, therefore their evaluation is very important in assessing soil health and quality. The standard soil enzyme assay method based on spectroscopic detection is a complicated operation that requires the removal of soil particles. The purpose of this study was to develop a new soil enzyme assay based on hydrodynamic electrochemical detection using a rotating disk electrode in a microliter droplet. The activities of enzymes were determined by measuring the electrochemical oxidation of p-aminophenol (PAP), following the enzymatic conversion of substrate-conjugated PAP. The calibration curves of β-galactosidase (β-gal), β-glucosidase (β-glu) and acid phosphatase (AcP) showed good linear correlation after being spiked in soils using chronoamperometry. We also performed electrochemical detection using real soils. Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry can be used to assess the AcP in soils, with a detection time of only 90 s. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to measure the amount of PAP released from β-gal and β-glu by enzymatic reaction after 60 min. For the assessment of soil enzymes, the results of hydrodynamic voltammetry assay compared favorably to those using a standard assay procedure, but this new procedure is more user-friendly, rapid and simple.
A Network-Constrained Integrated Method for Detecting Spatial Cluster and Risk Location of Traffic Crash: A Case Study from Wuhan, China
Authors: Nie Ke , Wang Zhensheng , Du Qingyun , Ren Fu , Tian Qin
Published: March 2015

Research on spatial cluster detection of traffic crash (TC) at the city level plays an essential role in safety improvement and urban development. This study aimed to detect spatial cluster pattern and identify riskier road segments (RRSs) of TC constrained by network with a two-step integrated method, called NKDE-GLINCS combining density estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The first step is novel and involves in spreading TC count to a density surface using Network-constrained Kernel Density Estimation (NKDE). The second step is the process of calculating local indicators of spatial association (LISA) using Network-constrained Getis-Ord Gi* (GLINCS). GLINCS takes the smoothed TC density as input value to identify locations of road segments with high risk. This method was tested using the TC data in 2007 in Wuhan, China. The results demonstrated that the method was valid to delineate TC cluster and identify risk road segments. Besides, it was more effective compared with traditional GLINCS using TC counting as input. Moreover, the top 20 road segments with high-high TC density at the significance level of 0.1 were listed. These results can promote a better identification of RRS, which is valuable in the pursuit of improving transit safety and sustainability in urban road network. Further research should address spatial-temporal analysis and TC factors exploration.
Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires
Authors: Zhu Mingxuan , Eyraud Marielle , Rouzo Judikael Le , Ait Ahmed Nadia , Boulc’h Florence , Alfonso Claude , Knauth Philippe , Flory François
Published: March 2015

The synthesis of a conformal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer on Si nanowires was demonstrated using a pulsed electrodeposition technique. N-type Si nanowire (SiNWs) arrays were synthesized using an electroless metal-assisted chemical etching technique. The dependence of the SiNW reflection on the concentration of the AgNO3 solution was identified. A reflection of less than 2% over the entire visible spectral range was obtained for these structures, evidencing their excellent antireflective properties. The etched SiNWs nanostructures can be further modified by using a tapering technique, which further preserves the strong light trapping effect. P-type PEDOT was grown on these SiNWs using electrochemical methods. Since the polymerization reaction is a very fast process with regards to monomer diffusion along the SiNW, the conformal deposition by classical, fixed potential deposition was not favored. Instead, the core–shell heterojunction structure was finally achieved by a pulsed deposition method. An extremely large shunt resistance was exhibited and determined to be related to the diffusion conditions occurring during polymerization.
THE INTERVAL-VALUED INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY GEOMETRIC CHOQUET AGGREGATION OPERATOR BASED ON THE GENERALIZED BANZHAF INDEX AND 2-ADDITIVE MEASURE
Authors: MENG Fanyong , ZHANG Qiang , ZHAN Jiaquan
Published: March 2015

Based on the operational laws on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, the generalized Banzhaf interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy geometric Choquet (GBIVIFGC) operator is proposed, which is also an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy value. It is worth pointing out that the GBIVIFGC operator can be seen as an extension of some geometric mean operators. Since the fuzzy measure is defined on the power set, it makes the problem exponentially complex. In order to overall reflect the interaction among elements and reduce the complexity of solving a fuzzy measure, we further introduce the GBIVIFGC operator w.r.t. 2-additive measures. Furthermore, if the information about weights of experts and attributes is incompletely known, the models of obtaining the optimal 2-additive measures on criteria set and expert set are given by using the introduced cross entropy measure and the Banzhaf index. Finally, an approach to pattern recognition and multi-criteria group decision making under interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment is developed, respectively.
Risk of Virological Failure in HIV-1-Infected Patients Experiencing Low-Level Viraemia under Active Antiretroviral Therapy (ANRS C03 Cohort Study)
Authors: Vandenhende Marie-Anne , Perrier Adélaïde , Bonnet Fabrice , Lazaro Estibaliz , Cazanave Charles , Reigadas Sandrine , Chêne Geneviève , Morlat Philippe ,   Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine
Published: March 2015

Background

We assessed the association of persistent low-level viraemia between 50–199 copies/ml (LLV) with the risk of virological failure (VF) among HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

ART-naive and ART-experienced patients followed up in the ANRS-CO3 Aquitaine Cohort were included if they started two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with either one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or one protease inhibitor boosted with ritonavir (PI/r) between 2000 and 2011 and achieved viral load (VL)<200 copies/ml 4–8 months after initiating ART. VF was defined as either two consecutive VL≥200 copies/ml or one VL≥200 followed by a modification of ART. LLV was defined as at least two consecutive VLs between 50–199 copies/ml for at least one month. We used Cox models to estimate the association of LLV with VF.

Results

Among 2,374 patients with a median follow-up of 3 years, 205 (8.6%) experienced LLV. LLV was strongly associated with further VF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.65, 3.20). LLV was associated with VF in ART-experienced patients (aHR 3.02, 95% CI 2.10, 4.33) but not in ART-naive patients. Neither type of ART regimen (PI/r- versus NNRTI-based regimen) nor cumulative duration of LLV was associated with VF.

Conclusions

Persistent LLV between 50–199 copies/ml was associated with VF among ART-experienced patients under ART. LLV between 50–199 copies/ml in ART-experienced patients should lead, after assessing patient's adherence and checking for drug interactions, to a closer monitoring and to consider ART optimization.
Le corps-mémoire
Authors: Lasvergnas Isabelle
Published: March 2015

Partant de l’expérience de certaines cures marquées non pas tant par le silence de l’analysant que par une teneur très particulière de ses dires ancrés dans des symptômes corporels, on abordera la question de l’émergence du langage dans de telles problématiques psychiques, comme étant coextensive à une empreinte mémorielle caractérisée par un effacement du travail du préconscient auquel s’est substitué un corps « invasif ». Dans de tels cas, l’analyste est aux prises avec l’impression transmise d’une ossification de l’écriture psychique, un tissu mnésique cicatriciel entre mort et vif. L’article évoquera plus particulièrement un cas clinique par rapport auquel des sculptures d’Henry Moore ont produit dans l’écoute de l’analyste une médiation représentationnelle saisissante et fait fonction d’étayage contre-transférentiel. Les propositions théoriques de Winnicott, Pontalis et Fairbairn sur l’organisation de défenses reliées à un effondrement précoce, et sur des états émotivo-corporels sous-jacents à ces défenses, permettront d’appréhender un psychisme primitif fonctionnant à l’équivalence « d’habitus corporels », et dans lequel prédomine un moi narcissique en émergence indexé sur l’éprouvé d’un corps en désaide. L’auteure parlera en l’occurrence « d’un corps-mémoire-scriptural », celui dont elle dira qu’il est précisément question dans l’œuvre de Moore.
Quand les mots et les images se mêlent : le photocollage à l'épreuve des cliniques somatiques extrêmes
Authors: Sabot Magalie
Published: March 2015

L’art du collage, qui consiste à découper puis à recoller entre elles des images ou des photographies pour créer une œuvre singulière, est un art particulièrement riche à explorer sous un regard psychanalytique. Un lien nouveau, issu de la biographie de grands artistes collagistes, semble unir de manière privilégiée le corps et le trauma, au saisissement spontané du collage comme tentative d’élaboration. Plongée au cœur de cliniques somatiques extrêmes, l’auteur tente de montrer de quelles manières cet art du collage, utilisé comme médiation thérapeutique, peut permettre de rouvrir les capacités créatrices essoufflées par l’apparition de la maladie. Madame C., une patiente multicancéreuse, a pu se saisir de cette invitation à créer pour éprouver à nouveau son corps dans le plaisir, les images et les mots.
Réexamen de la méthodologie freudienne pour une recherche en psychanalyse aujourd'hui
Authors: De Battista Julieta , Askofaré Sidi
Published: March 2015

L’article s’inscrit dans le champ plus vaste de la méthodologie de la recherche dans les sciences humaines et propose une réflexion sur l’apport freudien à partir de l’examen de quelques énoncés concernant les différences entre la position du chercheur et la position de l’analyste. Cette réflexion permet de faire une lecture des pas que Freud reconnaît dans son travail de recherche et propose aussi comme problématique l’inclusion de l’inconscient dans l’activité du chercheur. Que fait l’analyste quand il fait de la recherche ? Se sert-il de son inconscient comme instrument de recherche ? Fait-il confiance au domaine de l’inconscient dans l’élaboration de la trame ? L’inclusion de la dimension de l’inconscient dans la réflexion sur la méthodologie de la recherche en psychanalyse permet de repenser les possibles « points aveugles » du chercheur, qui apparaissent sous la forme des présuppositions et préjugés. Cette inclusion éclaire aussi une autre dimension de la recherche : celle de l’originalité apparente des découvertes. L’article propose comme conclusion que l’analyste chercheur introduit une nouvelle conception de l’objectivité dans la recherche : celle d’une subjectivité critiquée qui considère le rôle de l’inconscient du chercheur dans la production de la connaissance.
La revendication de reconnaissance de l'identité… devant la clinique de l'identification primaire
Authors: Putois Olivier
Published: March 2015

On mobilise la clinique psychanalytique de l’identification primaire pour évaluer la théorisation de la revendication de reconnaissance en termes de confirmation de son identité, proposée par Honneth. On commence par montrer que cette conception, appuyée sur une lecture de Winnicott biaisée par l’approche de Trevarthen, souffre d’un biais innéiste : c’est seulement parce qu’elle dote l’individu d’un Soi inné qu’elle assimile l’interaction sociale à une confirmation. Là contre, on s’appuie sur la clinique des interactions précoces pour montrer que la fonction de la reconnaissance reçue de l’Autre n’est pas de confirmation, mais de constitution du Soi – elle conditionne l’identification primaire. En s’appuyant sur un cas de cothérapie parent-enfant, on développe le type de réflexivité que doit déployer cette reconnaissance pour favoriser le travail de l’identification primaire, en introduisant la notion de fonction visuelle du holding , ou holding visuel ; apparaît ainsi l’absence de Soi inné chez l’enfant. On conclut, de cette absence de Soi inné qu’indique la clinique, à l’inadéquation du modèle de la reconnaissance comme confirmation proposé par Honneth, de facture profondément spéculaire ; on y oppose une reconnaissance de nature symbolique qui, soulignant l’équivalence entre identification primaire et aliénation symbolique, libère paradoxalement le sujet de toute assignation identitaire définitive.
Les instruments de gestion médiateurs de la compétence collective ? Le cas du Lean dans une entreprise de l'automobile
Authors: Colin Thierry , Grasser Benoît
Published: March 2015

La notion de compétence collective soulève de nombreux débats et paradoxes, à la fois évidence, lorsque l’on constate que les capacités opérationnelles mises en œuvre par un collectif donné ne se limitent pas et ne se déduisent pas de la somme des capacités individuelles des membres de ce collectif, et énigme, lorsque l’on se trouve démuni pour la décrire, la répertorier ou l’évaluer. Cet article examine les effets produits sur la compétence collective par une instrumentation de gestion dont l’un des objectifs est de développer des processus d’apprentissage à différents niveaux. Il s’appuie d’un point de vue empirique sur une étude de cas, l’entreprise AUTO, qui a fait le choix d’implémenter les méthodes de gestion inspirées du Lean. Sur le plan théorique, il mobilise les théories de l’activité, dont l’intérêt est de permettre de lier analytiquement activité, instrument de gestion et production de compétence collective. Les résultats montrent que la médiation jouée par les instruments de gestion ne conduit à la production de compétence collective que sous certaines conditions : le système d’activité doit laisser suffisamment de marges d’interprétation aux différents acteurs, les règles d’incitation individuelles doivent être construites en cohérence avec le fonctionnement structurel du système d’activité, et il faut accorder toute son importance au rôle de pilote de la compétence collective que doit jouer le manager de proximité.
Determination of age and growth of the horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) using stylet increment analysis
Authors: Regueira Marcos , González Ángel F. , Guerra Ángel
Published: March 2015

Age and growth of the horned octopus Eledone cirrhosa are estimated for the first time by stylet increment analysis. Specimens were collected between March 2009 and March 2010 from the commercial trawl fishery operating off northwestern Iberian coasts. A pool of stylets representing all size classes were defined by means of modal progression analysis performed separately for each sex in northern and western fishing grounds over a total of 2220 individuals (306 males and 595 females from the northern fishing ground; and 379 males and 940 females from the western fishing ground). In total, 122 stylets belonging to individuals with a total weight ranging from 67 to 950 g were successfully analysed. Age of the specimens was estimated assuming a daily deposition rate of growth increments within the stylet. Estimated age of the specimens varied from 106 to 516 days. Differential longevity between sexes was observed, with females reaching a life span of 17 months while males attained reached only 14 months, although the possibility that this difference might be even greater is discussed. Based on estimated age, hatching date was back-calculated and it was concluded that hatching occurs throughout the year, with a peak in winter. Relative instantaneous growth rates estimated for 90-day age classes, ranged from 0.03% to 2.17% of body weight per day, depending on age. The results obtained are compared with the information available on this species.
The Tacit Knowledge-Centric Innovation
Authors: Bouagina Dhouha Jaziri , Triki Abdelfattah
Published: March 2015

Many researches have treated the knowledge management theory. However, to the authors' knowledge few were interested in the tacit knowledge construct, whether it is gained inside or outside the organization. This chapter has a challenge to analyze in-depth this embedded knowledge and to emphasize its close relationships with innovation management. Therefore, a thorough theoretical background is presented progressively. The first part presents an overview of the knowledge notion, and the related knowledge theoretical views are specified. The second part sheds light on the tacit knowledge's taxonomies and its methods of externalization. Finally, the last part examines, in particular, the contribution of the tacit knowledge to the innovation. This is done by scrutinizing the customer tacit knowledge while highlighting, especially, the key role of customer experiential knowledge.
Innovation Management Based on Knowledge
Authors: Briones-Peñalver Antonio-Juan , Roca-Gonzalez Jose-Luis , Martínez-Martínez Inmaculada-José
Published: March 2015

The development of innovation management associated to knowledge management and business inter-organizational relationships based on project management is extremely important for good corporate governance and business performance. The interest of this chapter is to define the conceptual framework of everything mentioned above in technology-based companies. This chapter presents cases based on best practices for the development of innovation management, which is very present in small and medium enterprises with a market approach. This is the case of firms with a defense-related technology. The case study is about the innovation based on knowledge and research and about a technological and strategic view. On the other hand, economic inter-organizational relationships are also taken into account. An empirical analysis of 236 technology-based companies related to Spanish defense industry including a study about Knowledge and Innovation Management (KIM) as well as an assessment of its framework are also included.
Harnessing Knowledge Integration in IS Design for Innovation Facilitation
Authors: Krone Oliver
Published: March 2015

This chapter examines from a Knowledge Integration (KI) perspective the innovation potential that resides in KI for the generation of Information System (IS) based on organizational innovation. The chapter does this by examining methodologically the process of Requirements Engineering (RE) as a research topic and uses for this purpose a mixed-method approach including literature review, participant observation, and recourse to secondary research. The chapter first outlines the emergence of KI as research topic in its own right before the emergence of IS as innovation in organizations is described. The chapter then examines the innovation inhibitors to KI as proxy for innovation generation. It argues in the conclusion that taking RE for IS premises and research methods employed in relation to research into KI might be guided by rationalistic efficiency-driven conceptions, while KI as research agenda seems to be premised on a notion of effectiveness.
The Roles of Information Technology and Knowledge Management in Project Management Metrics
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2015

This chapter reveals the roles of Information Technology (IT) and Knowledge Management (KM) in Project Management (PM) metrics, thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of IT, IT capability, Information System (IS) effectiveness, KM, and PM; the measures of IT, KM, and PM metrics; and the significance of IT and KM in PM metrics. The fulfillment of IT and KM is essential for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve constant success in global business. Therefore, it is crucial for modern organizations to explore their IT and KM applications, establish a strategic plan to routinely inspect their functional advancements, and promptly respond to the IT and KM needs of customers. The chapter argues that applying IT and KM in PM metrics has the potential to enhance organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in the social media age.
How Knowledge, Technology, and Project Management Processes in Brazilian Universities Help Innovation in Industry
Authors: Pellegrino de Souza Patrícia , Martins Ana Carolina Calçado Lopes , Stutzman Tina , Pires Danilo Cançado Peixoto , Lacerda Elimar Pires Vasconcellos Renato da , Rodrigues de Macedo Renato Ferreira , América Castiblanco Luz
Published: March 2015

Knowledge is the act of having a concept of something. It includes descriptions, assumptions, and theories. Knowledge Management is about making the right knowledge available to the right people. A Brazilian university made its own pathway to manage the knowledge generated inside the academia favoring the market needs, showing that an organization can learn and use its knowledge in businesses applications, creating competitive advantage, regarding innovation, for the productive sector. An understanding of the market and society's demands enabled the development of products, technologies, and services with high added-value in line with solutions to challenges faced by businesses. A Brazilian startup made the “interaction” between market and academia allowing interest increase of productive sector in performing projects in partnership with research and technology institutes. Both successful cases in this chapter ensure the importance of knowledge, project, and technology management processes conferring innovative technological and market advantages to small companies and big industries.
The Portuguese University
Authors: Pinto Maria Manuela Gomes de Azevedo
Published: March 2015

This chapter presents an evolutionary analysis, at the Portuguese and European levels, that features Higher Education centred on the University's Mission, the building and importance of National Innovation System, and related dynamics. The university should fulfil the fundamental role related with creation, preservation, and dissemination of knowledge and generate skills and key competences to respond to increasingly more complex problems in a rapidly changing environment, as well as to enable multidisciplinary approaches that are in the university's own and peculiar nature, and which is fostered by the relationships with the systems that drive the interaction with the target communities. Referring to the last quarter of the 20th century, the chapter outlines the emergence of the “Research University” in the context of the slow but progressive increase in value of Science and Technology and Research and Development, with the organization of the related National Systems in order to be able to foster innovation.
Organizational Knowledge and Innovation
Authors: Páscoa Carlos , Tribolet José
Published: March 2015

Having the necessary instruments to steer the organization, allowing constant knowledge informed changes, is extremely important for an organizations, while adapting, in an agile way, to the external environment. Like an aircraft, the organization must have a flight plan and instruments that provide an update of what is happening in real time. As an organization, the Portuguese Air Force needs to make good planning and possessing instruments for assessing, considering innovative manners, the progress made, allowing for a greater self-awareness. Every organization has key elements, essential for its operational success, and vital to plan controlled transformations. The objective of the research described in this chapter is to create a new instrument that provides complete knowledge about an organizational key element, in this case the Organizational Cost per Flight Hour that allows coping with transformation projects, by allowing innovative, knowledge-based, informed decisions.
Trends in Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Harris Erinn N.
Published: March 2015

The formation of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the United States has had many cycles and revisions in the past 60 years. The middle of the first decade of the 21st century experienced huge changes in how we see public private partnerships. At the end of this first decade, two pools of thought were created differing on the true value of these partnerships. Today, public private partnerships are in many facets of public and private industry. Experts have studied what has gone right and what has failed in PPPs in terms of growth and the response to disasters within our country. From this, old ways of doing business have been discontinued and lessons learned the hard way have been used to ensure mistakes made once are not repeated. This chapter presents a review of the literature about PPPs, exploring their many facets, their strengths, and challenges.
Mitigating the Impact of Extreme Events
Authors: Taha Doaa
Published: March 2015

Years have gone by since 9/11/2001. Still, it seems as though it were only yesterday: the shock, the tragedy, the heartbreak. Of all the questions, one keeps coming back, “Have we learned what we need to know to mitigate the impact of such events in the future?” The answer is a hesitant “Perhaps.” Today, still dealing with an economic disaster the magnitude of which has not been experienced in decades, there is great concern that any gains made from lessons learned by 9/11 will be further eroded. In this chapter, original research considering four corporations directly involved in the September 11 attacks is revisited in view of today's emphasis on public private partnerships and economic environment. In reexamining the original research, this chapter considers the value of public private partnerships as part of the emergency management community, and as part of an effective response to future incidents.
A Public Sector Practitioner's Perspective on Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Harris Erinn N.
Published: March 2015

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are something that greatly benefit the public sector and should be encouraged in as many ways as possible. That is, the more participation that can be generated from entities in the public and the private sectors, then the better mitigation, preparedness, and response activities will be. The main concerns are the management of realistic expectations and of all involved entities upholding their promises. This chapter discusses how proper training and transparency of the actions can diminish the risks associated with PPPs. This chapter also discusses how open communication helps maintain realistic expectations, and how maintaining realistic expectations will result in less reliance being placed on any one business or agency. This will lead to more educated people responding faster, which in turn ultimately leads to the original goal of emergency managers (i.e. working yourself out of a job).
Closing the Gaps in Public Private Partnerships in Emergency Management
Authors: Hamner Marvine
Published: March 2015

There are many differences between entities in the public and private sectors engaged in emergency management: vision, mission, goals, and objectives are only a few. To develop workable public private partnerships requires an understanding of these differences. This understanding will then provide a foundation for establishing unambiguous agreements within which each sector's roles and responsibilities are clear, and within which all entities can be successful. This chapter explores the differences between public and private sector entities, which can create gaps in understanding and communication, comparing and contrasting these differences; then, it evaluates ways the resulting gaps between entities and within public private partnerships can be closed. Comparison of the respective backgrounds and perspectives provides the material necessary to complete a gap analysis. Anecdotal information is provided that illustrates how the differences between public and private sector entities support, hinder, or manifest in public private partnerships.
Use Team Building to Make the Most of Your Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Negron Martin
Published: March 2015

Disaster response is a team effort that begins long before any disaster happens. Teams and work group dynamics have been studied by organizational theorists for decades. It is important to recognize and understand the differences and similarities between teams and work groups in order to most effectively use all teams and all team members in all phases of emergency management, particularly in disaster response. This chapter explores how this differentiation, the distinctive features of work groups and teams, can be used in different places and different phases of response to enhance the efficacy of emergency management. And, because public-private partnerships have played and will play an increasingly vital role within emergency management, this chapter discusses how to use the foundation provided by organizational theorists to make the most of public-private partnerships. This chapter discusses how to exploit differences, draw them out, and use them to enhance the response to incidents.
Communications and Information Sharing in Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Magda Beverly
Published: March 2015

Communications and information sharing has been called the most critical function in emergency management. But whenever an exercise is held or an incident occurs then communications, and by association information sharing, is nearly always cited as a problem and often as a failure. This is true despite the communications technology/channels used, the size, scope, and complexity of the exercise or incident, and the best intentions of the people involved. Technology and/or the development of new technologies alone will not solve this problem. Communications and information sharing is an innately human function and always has been. This chapter focuses on the basics of human communication and then explores alternatives through networking that may contribute to the failure or success of information sharing in public-private partnerships in emergency management. Last, some suggestions are made for ways to enhance the communications and information sharing in emergency management.
Using Systems Analysis and Dynamics to Evaluate Public Private Partnerships with Data and Best Practices from SAFER Santa Rosa
Authors: Hahn Daniel
Published: March 2015

Public private partnerships have been gaining the interest of emergency management and security-related federal organizations. In 2010, the National Academies Press published a framework for resilience-focused private-public sector collaboration which may be the catalyst for how resilience-oriented public private partnerships are developed in the future (National Academies Press. 2010). Public private partnerships can be utilized to increase citizen awareness and preparedness, to address a specific need in a community, or to accomplish any other function that brings a community and government together. “Utilized correctly, a public private partnership is a win-win situation for all participants” (Hahn, 2010, p. 274). Although perceived as very successful, no prior systems analysis has been conducted on these partnerships. In this chapter, a successful public private partnership is evaluated using systems analysis techniques. Results of that analysis, along with details of the original case study and the public private partnership itself are presented.
Maximize Existing Resources with Your Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Kachgal Julie
Published: March 2015

Public private partnerships in emergency management provide a vital resource. First, this chapter introduces information on the State of California's effort to support public private partnerships. Then, the chapter presents suggestions for selling participation in these partnerships and for maximizing their effectiveness. As California has found, public private partnerships save time and money while providing invaluable resources.