bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It’s Time to Broaden the Replicability Conversation: Thoughts for and From Clinical Psychological Science
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Lilienfeld Scott O. , Patrick Christopher J. , Johnson Sheri L. , Krueger Robert F. , Miller Joshua D. , Oltmanns Thomas F. , Shrout Patrick E.
Published: October 2017

Psychology is in the early stages of examining a crisis of replicability stemming from several high-profile failures to replicate studies in experimental psychology. This important conversation has largely been focused on social psychology, with some active participation from cognitive psychology. Nevertheless, several other major domains of psychological science—including clinical science—have remained insulated from this discussion. The goals of this article are to (a) examine why clinical psychology and allied fields, such as counseling and school psychology, have not been central participants in the replicability conversation; (b) review concerns and recommendations that are less (or more) applicable to or appropriate for research in clinical psychology and allied fields; and (c) generate take-home messages for scholars and consumers of the literature in clinical psychology and allied fields, as well as reviewers, editors, and colleagues from other areas of psychological science.
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory Revision: Moving Culture From the Macro Into the Micro
Authors: Vélez-Agosto Nicole M. , Soto-Crespo José G. , Vizcarrondo-Oppenheimer Mónica , Vega-Molina Stephanie , García Coll Cynthia
Published: October 2017

Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory of human development is one of the most widely known theoretical frameworks in human development. In spite of its popularity, the notion of culture within the macrosystem, as a separate entity of everyday practices and therefore microsystems, is problematic. Using the theoretical and empirical work of Rogoff and Weisner, and influenced as they are by Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, we reconceptualize Bronfenbrenner’s model by placing culture as an intricate part of proximal development processes. In our model, culture has the role of defining and organizing microsystems and therefore becomes part of the central processes of human development. Culture is an ever changing system composed of the daily practices of social communities (families, schools, neighborhoods, etc.) and the interpretation of those practices through language and communication. It also comprises tools and signs that are part of the historical legacy of those communities, and thus diversity is an integral part of the child’s microsystems, leading to culturally defined acceptable developmental processes and outcomes.
Cultural Change Over Time: Why Replicability Should Not Be the Gold Standard in Psychological Science
Authors: Greenfield Patricia M.
Published: October 2017

By continuing to focus on the necessity for replication, psychological science misses an important and all-pervasive psychological phenomenon: the impact of social and cultural change on behavior. Or put otherwise, our discipline misinterprets failure to replicate behavioral results if we do not consider that social and cultural change can produce systematic shifts in behavior. Data on the connection between social change and behavioral change point to a new role for “replication”: not to show that results can be duplicated, but to reveal behavioral effects of sociodemographic and cultural change in the intervening years between original and replicated procedure, whether those be surveys, standardized behavioral procedures, or intelligence tests.
Prejudices in Cultural Contexts: Shared Stereotypes (Gender, Age) Versus Variable Stereotypes (Race, Ethnicity, Religion)
Authors: Fiske Susan T.
Published: October 2017

Some prejudices share cross-cultural patterns, but others are more variable and culture specific. Those sharing cross-cultural patterns (sexism, ageism) each combine societal status differences and intimate interdependence. For example, in stereotypes of sex and age, lower status groups—women and elders—gain stereotypic warmth (from their cooperative interdependence) but lose stereotypic competence (from their lower status); men and middle-aged adults show the opposite trade-off, stereotypically more competent than warm. Meta-analyses support these widespread ambivalent (mixed) stereotypes for gender and age across cultures. Social class stereotypes often share some similarities (cold but competent rich vs. warm but incompetent poor). These compensatory warmth versus competence stereotypes may function to manage common human dilemmas of interacting across societal and personal positions. However, other stereotypes are more variable and culture specific (ethnicity, race, religion). Case studies of specific race/ethnicities and religions reveal much more cultural variation in their stereotype content, supporting their being responses to particular cultural contexts, apparent accidents of history. To change stereotypes requires understanding their commonalities and differences, their origins and patterns across cultures.
Noticing Learners’ Strengths Through Cultural Research
Authors: Rogoff Barbara , Coppens Andrew D. , Alcalá Lucía , Aceves-Azuara Itzel , Ruvalcaba Omar , López Angélica , Dayton Andrew
Published: October 2017

Cultural research can help to identify strengths of cultural communities that are often viewed through a deficit model. Strengths-based approaches open researchers, practitioners, and the public to seeing the logic and value of cultural practices that vary from mainstream approaches. Strengths-based approaches include and extend beyond concerns for social equity: They are necessary for scientific characterization of human cognitive and social processes as well as for effective educational and societal practices. An example of a cultural strength is the sophisticated collaboration shown by many Indigenous-heritage children from North and Central America, which contrasts with the common practice in middle-class communities of dividing up activities into separate roles. These distinct approaches to working together fit with broader cultural paradigms that offer insights into human development as well as inspiration for alternative approaches. As an anonymous reviewer noted, the strengths of each group can be leveraged to mesh with the strengths of others.
Insights into the management of Wilson’s disease
Authors: Kathawala Mohmadshakil , Hirschfield Gideon M.
Published: October 2017

Wilson’s disease is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease of copper metabolism, in which the causative gene, ATP7B, results in absent or reduced function of the ATP7B transporter important for biliary excretion of copper and incorporation of copper into caeruloplasmin. Affected patients accumulate excessive copper within the liver, brain and other tissues. A disease mainly of children, adolescents and young adults; clinical features vary from the asymptomatic state to chronic liver disease, acute liver failure, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and is based on a combination of clinical signs, biochemical tests, hepatic copper content assay and mutation analysis of the ATP7B gene; to date, there are more than 500 mutations of ATP7B in patients with Wilson’s disease. Early recognition and treatment can result in an excellent prognosis whereas untreated disease is almost always fatal. Drug therapies include chelating agents, such as penicillamine or trientine, and zinc salts. Liver transplantation is curative correcting the underlying pathophysiology and is traditionally indicated in acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease refractory to medical therapy. This review provides an overview of various aspects of Wilson’s disease including molecular basis of the disease, clinical features, diagnostic and management strategies with their current limitations.
Gay and Lesbian Experiences of Discrimination, Health, and Well-Being
Authors: Garrison S. Mason , Doane Michael J. , Elliott Marta
Published: October 2017

Sexual minorities have poorer mental and physical health than heterosexuals; these health disparities are consistently attributed to discrimination. However, the mechanisms linking discrimination with health outcomes remain unclear. This exploratory study examines whether fast-acting mechanisms, like the minority stress model's “stressful social environment[s],” contribute to these disparities by exploiting the unanticipated election of Donald Trump on November 8, 2016. Gay men and lesbians participated in a 10-day longitudinal daily-diary study, beginning the day before the election (November 7–16, 2016). On the day after the election, participants reported immediate changes in health (e.g., depression, Cohen’s d = 1.33; illness, 0.44), well-being (e.g., happiness, −0.91), and discrimination (0.45). The immediacy and magnitude of participants’ responses are consistent with the minority stress model. This study provides a window into the experiences of gay men and lesbians, and illustrates how minority stresses, such as political uncertainty and discrimination, may impact vulnerable sexual minorities.
Changes in Young Europeans’ Values During the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Sortheix Florencia M. , Parker Philip D. , Lechner Clemens M. , Schwartz Shalom H.
Published: October 2017

We investigate the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) on the personal values of youth and young adults (age 16–35 years) from 16 European countries. Using time series cross-sectional data from seven waves (2002–2014) of the European Social Survey, we examined (1) whether the GFC led to value shifts between cohorts of young people and (2) whether welfare state provision moderate the expected value shifts. Multilevel analyses showed that, following the GFC, the importance of security, tradition, benevolence, and, to a lesser extent, conformity values increased. In contrast, hedonism, self-direction, and stimulation values decreased. In line with our moderation hypothesis, power, and, to a lesser extent, achievement values increased following the GFC in countries low on welfare expenditures but decreased in countries high on welfare expenditures. Contrary to expectations, increases in tradition and benevolence values were more pronounced in high-welfare countries.
A Negativity Bias in Reframing Shapes Political Preferences Even in Partisan Contexts
Authors: Boydstun Amber E. , Ledgerwood Alison , Sparks Jehan
Published: October 2017

Humans evolved to attend to valence and group membership when learning about their environment. The political domain offers a unique opportunity to study the simultaneous influence of these two broad, domain-general features of human experience. We examined whether the pervasive tendency for negatively valenced frames to “stick” in the mind applies to both intergroup and intragroup political contexts. In a preregistered experiment, we tested the effects of negative-to-positive (vs. positive-to-negative) reframing on people’s candidate preferences, first in the absence of party cue information and then in two partisan contexts: an intergroup context (analogous to a U.S. general election between opposing political parties) and an intragroup context (analogous to a U.S. primary election between candidates of the same party). We observed a persistent negativity bias in reframing effects, even in the presence of party cues. The results pave the way for future research at the intersection of psychology and political science.
Analgesic reduction during an interdisciplinary pain management programme: treatment effects and processes of change
Authors: Guildford Beth J , Daly-Eichenhardt Aisling , Hill Bethany , Sanderson Karen , McCracken Lance M
Published: October 2017

Long-term use of opioid medication is associated with a host of negative effects on health and quality of life. Guidelines state that people with chronic pain taking high doses of opioids without benefit should be supported to discontinue them. Little research has investigated psychological processes associated with analgesic use and tapering. This study investigated (1) analgesic use pre- and post-participation in an interdisciplinary pain management programme and its relationship to functioning and (2) psychological processes associated with analgesic use. Opioid use was associated with poorer functioning at baseline. Participating in an interdisciplinary pain management programme was associated with reductions in opioid dose and number of classes of analgesics used. Reductions in analgesic use were associated with improvements in functioning. Psychological inflexibility was associated with using higher doses of opioid medication and with using a greater number of classes of analgesics. Psychological flexibility appears relevant in explaining analgesic use. Future research could focus on targeting this process to improve tapering outcomes.
A retrospective, observational study of supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Srinivas SU , Gall Z , Lynch N , Pollard A , Counsell A , Brown S , Adeyoju AAB
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess stone clearance and perioperative complication rates of supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational study of supine PCNL performed in a surgical unit at a district general hospital by two surgeons in the United Kingdom. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, complexity of renal calculi, perioperative complications and stone clearance rates.

Results:

A total of 112 supine PCNL procedures were observed in this study. The mean (SD) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and Guy’s Stone Score were 2.0 (0.75) and 2.3 (1.06) respectively. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) duration of in-patient admission was four (one) nights. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 74 (67.3%) of the procedures, while more than 90% clearance of the renal stone burden was achieved in a further eight (7.3%). The most common perioperative complications recorded were blood loss requiring blood transfusion (three (2.7%)) and postoperative fever (two (1.8%)).

Conclusion:

This case series shows that supine PCNL can lead to good stone clearance and low complication rates.
Pathways to Inhumane Care: Masculinity and Violence in a South African Emergency Unit.
Authors: Shelmerdine Sarah
Published: October 2017

Inhumane treatment of patients by health care providers is reported around the world. A range of explanations has been proposed, indicating the complexity of the multiple factors involved. This article reports on an ethnographic study conducted in a South African public sector emergency unit, exploring the possible contribution of hegemonic discourses of masculinity to delivery of inhumane care in this context. Using ethnographic methods, including participant observation, interviews, audio-recordings of verbal interaction, and narrative analysis, the study on which this article reports explored the discursive practices surrounding incidents of abuse. The article argues that the pressure doctors experience to display strong masculine identities and simultaneous feelings of powerlessness in the face of material realities generates the potential for inhumane acts. It concludes that understanding the metaphors through which doctors interpret their experiences is important both to comprehending and subverting the forces that drive inhumane care.
The Payment Behavior of Water Utility Customers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Sualihu Mohammed Aminu , Rahman M. Arifur , Tofik-Abu Zakiya
Published: October 2017

Although water is an essential commodity with virtually no substitute, poor bill payment on the part of water utility customers is constraining the effort of water utility companies, especially those in developing countries to sustain and expand its provision. In this backdrop, this article investigates the interrelationship and impact of a set of attitudinal and institutional factors on the bill payment behavior of water utility customers of Ghana. A conceptual model of payment behavior is developed and tested using data from a cross-sectional survey of households in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana (GARG) and the billing records of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). Among the constructs considered in the analysis, service quality, corporate image, and monitoring and control are found to be the major determinants of customer satisfaction toward the water utility, which in turn, together with the direct influence of monitoring and control measures and transaction time at bill payment points, explains a significant part of the total variation in water customers’ bill payment behavior. We provide in-depth discussion and policy implications of our findings.
The Associational Basis of Vanniyar Organizations in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Raja R. Saravana
Published: October 2017

This article presents an understanding of the nature of Vanniyar politics by delineating the workings of Vanniyar organizations such as the caste associations and the political party in the post-1980s period in Tamil Nadu. Even though scholarship on caste and politics is concerned with the relationship between caste associations and political parties, the interface and networking between and among these organizations, particularly of a political party that has emerged out of the caste movement, need much more attention. This article, therefore, maps the interrelations between the caste associations and the political party within the Vanniyars’ politics by outlining the specific issues on which these Vanniyar organizations work.
Vote Choice of Indian Voters: Guided or Independent?
Authors: Sardesai Shreyas , Attri Vibha
Published: October 2017

The article probes the independence of vote choice among Indian voters during national elections. Analyzing Lokniti’s election survey data it highlights that even as a majority of voters take an independent call on who they are going to vote for, there is still a significant proportion that votes according to someone else’s advice. While this counsel has always come from a family member mostly, voters are increasingly paying attention to a community leaders’ opinion as well, particularly those voters who belong to marginalized and minority social groups. Dependent voting is also more prevalent among women and voters in socio-economically backward states.
A Diagnostic Surprise: Primary Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Lung
Authors: Sinha Ankur , Patti Ravikaran , Singh Prabhsimranjot , Solomon William , Kupfer Yizhak
Published: October 2017

An 81-year-old male presented to the emergency room with a 3-month history of progressive shortness of breath, productive cough with white sputum, and generalized weakness with 10-pound weight loss in 2 months. On presentation, the patient was afebrile, with blood pressure of 93/55 mm Hg and oxy-hemoglobin saturation of 92% on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula. Complete blood count with differential was significant for white count of 12 400/mL. Brain natriuretic peptide level was 454 ng/mL. Postero-anterior chest radiograph showed multiple round opacities in the lung fields. Computed tomography scan of the chest confirmed multiple round densities in both the lung fields along with mild mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Core needle biopsy was performed. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD30 and CD15 in a population of large atypical cells amid a background of CD3-positive nonneoplastic cells. These results were in support of the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the lung with histological appearance confirming nodular sclerosis type. The patient was started on chemotherapy but was readmitted in 20 days for acute respiratory distress and suffered cardiac arrest and subsequently died. This case highlights the fact that although primary pulmonary Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the lung is a rare entity, it should be thought of as a differential while evaluating lung masses. In these cases, definite diagnosis can only be made by biopsy and histology. Early commencement of chemotherapy and regular follow-up with oncology is essential.
The Effect of Regular-Season Rest on Playoff Performance Among Players in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Belk John W. , Marshall Hayden A. , McCarty Eric C. , Kraeutler Matthew J.
Published: October 2017

Background:

There has been speculation that rest during the regular season for players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) improves player performance in the postseason.

Purpose:

To determine whether there is a correlation between the amount of regular-season rest among NBA players and playoff performance and injury risk in the same season.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The Basketball Reference and Pro Sports Transactions archives were searched from the 2005 to 2015 seasons. Data were collected on players who missed fewer than 5 regular-season games because of rest (group A) and 5 to 9 regular-season games because of rest (group B) during each season. Inclusion criteria consisted of players who played a minimum of 20 minutes per game and made the playoffs that season. Players were excluded if they missed ≥10 games because of rest or suspension or missed ≥20 games in a season for any reason. Matched pairs were formed between the groups based on the following criteria: position, mean age at the start of the season within 2 years, regular-season minutes per game within 5 minutes, same playoff seeding, and player efficiency rating (PER) within 2 points. The following data from the playoffs were collected and compared between matched pairs at each position (point guard, shooting guard, forward/center): points per game, assists per game, PER, true shooting percentage, blocks, steals, and number of playoff games missed because of injury.

Results:

A total of 811 players met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (group A: n = 744 players; group B: n = 67 players). Among all eligible players, 27 matched pairs were formed. Within these matched pairs, players in group B missed significantly more regular-season games because of rest than players in group A (6.0 games vs 1.3 games, respectively; P < .0001). There were no significant differences between the groups at any position in terms of points per game, assists per game, PER, true shooting percentage, blocks, steals, or number of playoff games missed because of injury.

Conclusion:

Rest during the NBA regular season does not improve playoff performance or affect the injury risk during the playoffs in the same season.
Understanding Feminist Activism among Women: Resources, Consciousness, and Social Networks
Authors: Swank Eric , Fahs Breanne
Published: October 2017

This study examines whether women’s feminist activism is connected to three key factors: sufficient educational and financial resources, the internalization of a feminist consciousness, and being involved in feminist mobilization structures. Analysis of the 2012 American National Election Survey (N = 1,876) suggests that participation and engagement in the women’s movement is least common among less educated women and stay-at-home mothers. Feminist activism is also grounded in the perceptions of systematic forms of oppression, an emotional bond to feminists, and being embedded in political or women-centered organizations. There was also little evidence that involvement in the women’s movement is shaped by women’s age, marital status, income level, sexual identity, or race.
On Value and Value Creation in Service: A Management Perspective
Authors: Grönroos Christian
Published: October 2017

To develop a managerially relevant understanding of value and value creation, these phenomena must be analysed on a micro level. Seen from above, they lack a microfoundation. In the present article, value and value creation are discussed from a micro position, based on a service logic (SL) analysis of the service perspective on business and marketing. In the Grönroos-Voima value model of SL, only one value concept—value-in-use—is used, to support theoretical rigour. The customer not only determines value, but is also the value creator. By facilitating customers’ value creation, the firm provides potential value, which evolves as value-in-use during use or consumption. If the actors can establish a platform of co-creation during direct interactions, the service provider’s and the customer’s processes merge into one interactive, collaborative and dialogical process, and then the firm may co-create value with the customer. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Synergy of BCL2 and histone deacetylase inhibition against leukemic cells from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Cyrenne Benoit M. , Lewis Julia M. , Weed Jason G. , Carlson Kacie R. , Mirza Fatima N. , Foss Francine M. , Girardi Michael
Published: October 2017

Key Points

The antiapoptotic protein BCL2 is a promising potential target in the treatment of CTCL. Combination inhibition of BCL2 and HDACs leads to efficient killing of CTCL cells due to the synergistic activation of apoptosis.
Cytokine responses to two common respiratory pathogens in children are dependent on interleukin-1β
Authors: Chen Alice C-H. , Xi Yang , Carroll Melanie , Petsky Helen L. , Gardiner Samantha J. , Pizzutto Susan J. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Baines Katherine J. , Gibson Peter G. , Hodge Sandra , Masters Ian B. , Buntain Helen M. , Chang Anne B. , Upham John W.
Published: October 2017

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in young children is a common cause of prolonged wet cough and may be a precursor to bronchiectasis in some children. Although PBB and bronchiectasis are both characterised by neutrophilic airway inflammation and a prominent interleukin (IL)-1β signature, the contribution of the IL-1β pathway to host defence is not clear.

This study aimed to compare systemic immune responses against common pathogens in children with PBB, bronchiectasis and control children and to determine the importance of the IL-1β pathway.

Non-typeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control subjects (n=20), those with recurrent PBB (n=20) and bronchiectasis (n=20) induced high concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10. Blocking with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) modified the cellular response to pathogens, inhibiting cytokine synthesis by NTHi-stimulated PBMCs and rhinovirus-stimulated PBMCs (in a separate PBB cohort). Inhibition of IFN-γ production by IL-1Ra was observed across multiple cell types, including CD3+T cells and CD56+NK cells.

Our findings highlight the extent to which IL-1β regulates the cellular immune response against two common respiratory pathogens. While blocking the IL-1β pathway has the potential to reduce inflammation, this may come at the cost of protective immunity against NTHi and rhinovirus.
Landscape of Microsatellite Instability Across 39 Cancer Types
Authors: Bonneville Russell , Krook Melanie A. , Kautto Esko A. , Miya Jharna , Wing Michele R. , Chen Hui-Zi , Reeser Julie W. , Yu Lianbo , Roychowdhury Sameek
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a pattern of hypermutation that occurs at genomic microsatellites and is caused by defects in the mismatch repair system. Mismatch repair deficiency that leads to MSI has been well described in several types of human cancer, most frequently in colorectal, endometrial, and gastric adenocarcinomas. MSI is known to be both predictive and prognostic, especially in colorectal cancer; however, current clinical guidelines only recommend MSI testing for colorectal and endometrial cancers. Therefore, less is known about the prevalence and extent of MSI among other types of cancer.

Methods

Using our recently published MSI-calling software, MANTIS, we analyzed whole-exome data from 11,139 tumor-normal pairs from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments projects and external data sources across 39 cancer types. Within a subset of these cancer types, we assessed mutation burden, mutational signatures, and somatic variants associated with MSI.

Results

We identified MSI in 3.8% of all cancers assessed—present in 27 of tumor types—most notably adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), cervical cancer (CESC), and mesothelioma, in which MSI has not yet been well described. In addition, MSI-high ACC and CESC tumors were observed to have a higher average mutational burden than microsatellite-stable ACC and CESC tumors.

Conclusion

We provide evidence of as-yet-unappreciated MSI in several types of cancer. These findings support an expanded role for clinical MSI testing across multiple cancer types as patients with MSI-positive tumors are predicted to benefit from novel immunotherapies in clinical trials.
Reliable Pan-Cancer Microsatellite Instability Assessment by Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Middha Sumit , Zhang Liying , Nafa Khedoudja , Jayakumaran Gowtham , Wong Donna , Kim Hyunjae R. , Sadowska Justyna , Berger Michael F. , Delair Deborah F. , Shia Jinru , Stadler Zsofia , Klimstra David S. , Ladanyi Marc , Zehir Ahmet , Hechtman Jaclyn F.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

Microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) status is increasingly important in the management of patients with cancer to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We determined MSI status from large-panel clinical targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data across various solid cancer types.

Methods

The MSI statuses of 12,288 advanced solid cancers consecutively sequenced with Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets clinical NGS assay were inferred by using MSIsensor, a program that reports the percentage of unstable microsatellites as a score. Cutoff score determination and sensitivity/specificity were based on MSI polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and MMR immunohistochemistry.

Results

By using an MSIsensor score ≥ 10 to define MSI high (MSI-H), 83 (8%) of 996 colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 42 (16%) of 260 uterine endometrioid cancers (UECs) were MSI-H. Validation against MSI PCR and/or MMR immunohistochemistry performed for 138 (24 MSI-H, 114 microsatellite stable [MSS]) CRCs, and 40 (15 MSI-H, 25 MSS) UECs showed a concordance of 99.4%. MSIsensor also identified 68 MSI-H/MMR-deficient (MMR-D) non-CRC/UECs. Of 9,591 non-CRC/UEC tumors with MSS MSIsensor status, 456 (4.8%) had slightly elevated scores (≥ 3 and < 10) of which 96.6% with available material were confirmed to be MSS by MSI PCR. MSI-H was also detected and confirmed in three non-CRC/UECs with low exonic mutation burden (< 20). MSIsensor correctly scored all 15 polymerase ε ultra-mutated cancers as negative for MSI.

Conclusion

MSI status can be reliably inferred by MSIsensor from large-panel targeted NGS data. Concurrent MSI testing by NGS is resource efficient, is potentially more sensitive for MMR-D than MSI PCR, and allows identification of MSI-H across various cancers not typically screened, as highlighted by the finding that 35% (68 of 193) of all MSI-H tumors were non-CRC/UEC.
Numb Modernism: Sentiment and the Intellectual Left in Tess Slesinger’s The Unpossessed
Authors: Arvidson Heather
Published: October 2017

This essay traces a critique of anti-sentimentalist leftist impersonality in the critically underestimated and best-selling novel The Unpossessed (1934). Tess Slesinger’s satire parodies the deadened affect that results from programmatic refusals of subjectivity and personal life among New York intellectuals who ineffectually conspire to found a radical magazine. Although the novel has typically been read as a roman à clef, its broader target becomes evident when positioned in relation to masculinist orthodoxies of objectivity and scientific materialism that dominated American Marxist magazines in the early 1930s. Pitted against abstraction in particular, Slesinger challenges impersonality’s disembodied imperative, which renders what this article terms “impersons”: waifs “unpossessed” of agency and emotional intensity, and thus unfit not only for collective action but any form of deliberate futurity whatsoever. Slesinger’s intervention suggests a deep affinity between leftist collectivism and modernist individualism, despite their superficial antinomy: according to her, both dangerously extend a suspicion of sentiment into the negation of personhood.
Saving Families from Our Fate
Authors: Ali Saliha Ben
Published: October 2017

Journalist Lisa De Bode interviews Saliha Ben Ali, whose son left the family’s home in Belgium four years ago to join a terrorist group in Syria. He was killed a few months later. Since his death, Ben Ali has become an outspoken advocate for parents who fear losing their children to terrorist recruiters.
The Global Gamble
Authors: Lowenstein Jeff Kelly , Joseph Raymond
Published: October 2017

For the past year, a network of journalists from Africa, Australia, Europe, Latin America, and the United States have been investigating the global lottery industry. Jeff Kelly Lowenstein and Raymond Joseph discuss the misspending, tax avoidance, and fraud they have uncovered.
Criminalizing Indigenous Rights
Authors: Canofre Fernanda
Published: October 2017

Brazil is in the midst of perhaps the most sweeping criminalization of indigenous rights in recent history. The “ruralists,” politicians in Congress with ties to the country’s influential agribusiness lobby, are pushing through legislation to rob independent government agencies of the ability to designate ancestral land for indigenous peoples. Brazilian journalist Fernanda Canofre reports on the politics behind the nation’s land battles, which killed more than 60 people last year.
Terror and the Family
Authors: Zakaria Rafia
Published: October 2017

A new propaganda magazine unveiled this summer by the Pakistani Taliban targets an unexpected audience: women. Journalist Rafia Zakaria describes how the Taliban, who came to power on a promise to eliminate females from the public sphere, are now calling on girls and women to rebel against the strictures of their drab domestic life and join in the jihadi struggle.
Blood Ties
Authors: Schieder Chelsea Szendi
Published: October 2017

Chelsea Szendi Schieder, a political scientist at Tokyo’s Meiji University, describes how, in the wake of Japan’s triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown), the country has moved to fortify national harmony and women’s place in the traditional family unit. But Schieder writes that, for women struggling to extricate themselves from violent households, these “bonds that link families become bondage.” She discusses how policies under Shinzô Abe, including a proposed constitutional revision, seek to strengthen the neoliberal order at the expense of women.
“Justice is Afraid of the Priest’s Robe”
Authors: Bateson Ian
Published: October 2017

Lucia was 15 when she became pregnant. The news was a shock to her family: Lucia didn’t have a boyfriend and spent her time doing homework and singing in the church choir. But amid tears, the girl revealed to her mother that the local priest had been raping her for the past two years. Journalist Ian Bateson reports on how Nicaragua’s total ban on abortions, backed by President Daniel Ortega, has left girls like Lucia without options, and how a handful of women’s rights groups are fighting back.
Daddy Issues
Authors: Milanich Nara
Published: October 2017

Latin America has long been known for its low marriage rates and high rates of children born outside of marriage. Beginning in 2000, politicians across the region began promoting “responsible paternity,” sponsoring legislation to help women track down their children’s fathers and subsidizing DNA testing that could hold the men responsible for financial support. Nara Milanich, an associate professor of history at Barnard College, describes how these policies have been shaped not by the wishes of low-income mothers but by the political agendas of neoliberal states.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Shay Christopher
Published: October 2017

Theorists have long recognized the family as the place where “politics become personal,” writes Christopher Shay. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that so-called “traditional family values” are often used to “cajole and coerce the public.” Shay describes how, in the pages of World Policy Journal, we learn about the linkages between right-wing notions of family and economic reforms, the challenges of parenting in increasingly fragile societies, and the ways in which the concept of family is being reasserted and redefined.
The Wild Not Less Than the Good
Authors: Coviello Peter
Published: October 2017

What does sex radicalism look like—for queer theory but not only queer theory—in a critical dispensation tuned less to the liberatory promises of sex than to matters of biopower? This article takes up Henry David Thoreau's vexed relation to the ascetic imperatives of nineteenth-century capitalism in the context of his determination, as he says in Walden, to “love the wild not less than the good.” It tracks Thoreau's interest in the wild as part of his career-wide effort to imagine carnal life away from the forms of biopolitical coding and optimization that he understood to be captivating his body more and more completely. As against these imperatives of maximized bodily instrumentalization—crosswired to whiteness, labor, reproductivity—Thoreau tests out the possibilities of a more errant carnality, a “wildness” that, I argue, both is and is not an expression of what, by the end of the nineteenth century, would be called “sexuality.” Doing so, he helps us bring into focus some of the knotty conceptual dilemmas of our own queer theoretical moment, in which the impulse to nurture traditions of sex radicalism sits sometimes uneasily alongside renderings of sex as a key element of imperial racialization and biopoliticized control.
Planned Obsolescence, or The Fate of Prose in Lytton Strachey's Biographies
Authors: Branson Scott
Published: October 2017

Lytton Strachey's first major work, Eminent Victorians, made a revolutionary gesture by giving the lives of its famous subjects ironic treatment, atypical of the serious genre of biography. His highly stylized lives were readable, but his campiness brought critical backlash from the institutional gatekeepers. This dismissal took the same form of homophobic panic that attended writers of aestheticism. Engaging recent constellations of queer style and queer temporality, I argue that Strachey's prose style is a kind of planned obsolescence, in the model of manufacturing schemes to promote demand for yearly updates. Planned obsolescence gives us a new way to look at innovation in styles and canon formation. The continual drive for innovation we think of as modernism is the same demand for novelty in any other commodity. Strachey's work disrupts the conservative modernist reaction to the perceived threat of commodity culture and calls into question its preservation of hierarchies of distinction. Strachey emphasizes momentary pleasure, not the future, and this opens an aesthetic resistance to the collusion of literature and the marketplace, both in its impact on aesthetic form and in its institutionalization in literary studies.
Cloning, molecular evolution and functional characterization of ZmbHLH16, the maize ortholog of OsTIP2 (OsbHLH142)
Authors: Liu Yongming , Li Jia , Wei Gui , Sun Yonghao , Lu Yanli , Lan Hai , Li Chuan , Zhang Suzhi , Cao Moju
Published: October 2017

The transcription factor ZmbHLH16, the maize ortholog of OsTIP2 (OsbHLH142), was isolated in the present experiment. Tissue expression analysis showed that ZmbHLH16 is preferentially expressed in male reproductive organs. Subcellular location analysis of ZmbHLH16 via rice protoplast indicated it is located in the nucleus. Through nucleotide variation analysis, 36 polymorphic sites in ZmbHLH16, including 23 SNPs and 13 InDels, were detected among 78 maize inbred lines. Neutrality tests and linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that ZmbHLH16 experienced no significant evolutionary pressure. Yeast one-hybrid experiment showed that the first 80 residues in the N-terminus of ZmbHLH16 had transactivation activity, whereas the full length did not. Genome-wide coexpression analysis showed that 395 genes were coexpressed with ZmbHLH16. Among these genes, the transcription factor ZmbHLH51 had the similar expression pattern and subcellular localization to those of ZmbHLH16. Subsequently, the interaction between ZmbHLH51 and ZmbHLH16 was verified by yeast two-hybrid. Through yeast two-hybrid analysis of series truncated ZmbHLH16 fragments, we found not only the typical bHLH domain (175-221 a.a.), but also the 81-160 a.a. and 241-365 a.a. of ZmbHLH16 could interact with ZmbHLH51. All these results contribute to a solid foundation for further understanding the functions of ZmbHLH16.
Autophagy promotes degradation of internalized collagen and regulates distribution of focal adhesions to suppress cell adhesion
Authors: Kawano Shinichi , Torisu Takehiro , Esaki Motohiro , Torisu Kumiko , Matsuno Yuichi , Takanari Kitazono
Published: October 2017

Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via focal adhesions (FAs) is crucial for cell survival, migration, and differentiation. Although the regulation of FAs, including by integrins and the ECM, is important to cell behavior, how FAs are regulated is not well known. Autophagy is induced by both cell adhesion and cell detachment. Here, we showed that autophagosomes were located close to internalized collagen and paxillin, which is a well known marker of FAs. Autophagy-deficient cells showed increased levels of internalized collagen compared with control cells. Moreover, paxillin exhibited a more peripheral distribution and the area of paxillin was increased in autophagy-deficient cells. Adhesion-induced focal adhesion kinase signaling was impaired and adhesion was enhanced in autophagy-deficient cells. These results suggest that autophagy suppressed cell adhesion by regulating internalized ECM and FAs.
Differential interactions between Notch and ID factors control neurogenesis by modulating Hes factor autoregulation
Authors: Boareto Marcelo , Iber Dagmar , Taylor Verdon
Published: October 2017

During embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate the correct number and types of neurons in a temporospatial fashion. Control of NSC activity and fate is crucial for brain formation and homeostasis. Neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult brain differ considerably, but Notch signaling and inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) factors are pivotal in both. Notch and ID factors regulate NSC maintenance; however, it has been difficult to evaluate how these pathways potentially interact. Here, we combined mathematical modeling with analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data to elucidate unforeseen interactions between the Notch and ID factor pathways. During brain development, Notch signaling dominates and directly regulates Id4 expression, preventing other ID factors from inducing NSC quiescence. Conversely, during adult neurogenesis, Notch signaling and Id2/3 regulate neurogenesis in a complementary manner and ID factors can induce NSC maintenance and quiescence in the absence of Notch. Our analyses unveil key molecular interactions underlying NSC maintenance and mechanistic differences between embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Similar Notch and ID factor interactions may be crucial in other stem cell systems.
Recent advances in rhythm control for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bond Richard , Olshansky Brian , Kirchhof Paulus
Published: October 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a difficult management problem. The restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm—rhythm control therapy—can markedly improve symptoms and haemodynamics for patients who have paroxysmal or persistent AF, but some patients fare well with rate control alone. Sinus rhythm can be achieved with anti-arrhythmic drugs or electrical cardioversion, but the maintenance of sinus rhythm without recurrence is more challenging. Catheter ablation of the AF triggers is more effective than anti-arrhythmic drugs at maintaining sinus rhythm. Whilst pulmonary vein isolation is an effective strategy, other ablation targets are being evaluated to improve sinus rhythm maintenance, especially in patients with chronic forms of AF. Previously extensive ablation strategies have been used for patients with persistent AF, but a recent trial has shown that pulmonary vein isolation without additional ablation lesions is associated with outcomes similar to those of more extensive ablation. This has led to an increase in catheter-based technology to achieve durable pulmonary vein isolation. Furthermore, a combination of anti-arrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation seems useful to improve the effectiveness of rhythm control therapy. Two large ongoing trials evaluate whether a modern rhythm control therapy can improve prognosis in patients with AF.
Effects of phospho- and calciotropic hormones on electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule
Authors: Lee Justin J. , Plain Allein , Beggs Megan R. , Dimke Henrik , Alexander R. Todd
Published: October 2017

Calcium and phosphate are critical for a myriad of physiological and cellular processes within the organism. Consequently, plasma levels of calcium and phosphate are tightly regulated. This occurs through the combined effects of the phospho- and calciotropic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), active vitamin D3, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). The organs central to this are the kidneys, intestine, and bone. In the kidney, the proximal tubule reabsorbs the majority of filtered calcium and phosphate, which amounts to more than 60% and 90%, respectively. The basic molecular mechanisms responsible for phosphate reclamation are well described, and emerging work is delineating the molecular identity of the paracellular shunt wherein calcium permeates the proximal tubular epithelium. Significant experimental work has delineated the molecular effects of PTH and FGF23 on these processes as well as their regulation of active vitamin D3synthesis in this nephron segment. The integrative effects of both phospho- and calciotropic hormones on proximal tubular solute transport and subsequently whole body calcium-phosphate balance thus have been further complicated. Here, we first review the molecular mechanisms of calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the proximal tubule and how they are influenced by the phospho- and calciotropic hormones acting on this segment and then consider the implications on both renal calcium and phosphate handling as well as whole body mineral balance.
Tools for annotation and comparison of structural variation
Authors: Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Dhroso Andi , Bodian Dale L. , Paschall Justin , Hermes Farrah , Zook Justin M.
Published: October 2017

The impact of structural variants (SVs) on a variety of organisms and diseases like cancer has become increasingly evident. Methods for SV detection when studying genomic differences across cells, individuals or populations are being actively developed. Currently, just a few methods are available to compare different SVs callsets, and no specialized methods are available to annotate SVs that account for the unique characteristics of these variant types. Here, we introduce SURVIVOR_ant, a tool that compares types and breakpoints for candidate SVs from different callsets and enables fast comparison of SVs to genomic features such as genes and repetitive regions, as well as to previously established SV datasets such as from the 1000 Genomes Project. As proof of concept we compared 16 SV callsets generated by different SV calling methods on a single genome, the Genome in a Bottle sample HG002 (Ashkenazi son), and annotated the SVs with gene annotations, 1000 Genomes Project SV calls, and four different types of repetitive regions. Computation time to annotate 134,528 SVs with 33,954 of annotations was 22 seconds on a laptop.