bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICT as a Determinant of Happiness
Authors: Mehmood Bilal , Hussain Ajmal
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate ICT as a determinant of happiness. This study shifts its focus from traditional metrics to subjective assessments and extends the role of ICT to happiness research at the cross-country level. Due to innovations, the role of ICT may not be limited to productivity, consumption patterns, and consumer behaviour. A panel dataset for 40 countries with higher subjective wellbeing representing all continents from 2006 to 2019 is used. The pooled mean group (autoregressive distributed lag, ARDL) approach signifies that ICT is a determinant of happiness. Moreover, this research also investigates how effective governance negatively relates to happiness, and how human progress and economic development positively impact happiness. This research argues that policymaking should shift from the traditional economic development approach to socio-technical wellbeing.
Enhancing IoT Security: Proactive Phishing Website Detection Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Bouijij Habiba , Berqia Amine
Published: March 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has proven its utility across various domains, including healthcare, agriculture, industry, and finance. It comprises Internet-connected devices that offer remote control capabilities. However, this very connectivity exposes these devices to potential cyberattacks. Cybercriminals can exploit the vulnerabilities in these devices by sending deceptive emails or text messages containing malicious links leading to hacker websites or destructive applications. This allows them unauthorized access to connected devices and the acquisition of sensitive personal information. Such malicious tactics are collectively known as phishing and pose one of the most prevalent threats.
This article presents an innovative method that harnesses the power of a Deep Neural Network to accurately classify and proactively prevent phishing websites by analyzing their URLs. The method is demonstrated through a smart home use case, aiming to reinforce IoT security and safeguard users’ sensitive data by proactively identifying and preventing phishing attacks. By harnessing the power of the Deep Learning model, this innovative technique seeks to enhance online safety and protect users from potential cyber threats.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward hemorrhoids and related surgical treatments among the general population in the Western region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Sawat Abdullah , Althobaiti Hanan S. , Almukhlifi Ayman S. , Alkhmis Zainab B. , Alqarni Mohammed M. , Aljohani Ammar M. , Alhazmi Emad S. , Aljohani Saleh S.
Published: March 2024

Background: Hemorrhoids, or swollen veins in the anal canal, can result from factors such as chronic straining during bowel movements. While categorized as internal or external, they typically manifest as painless rectal bleeding, swelling, or a lump. Despite their significant global prevalence and impact, research on hemorrhoids in Saudi Arabia remains limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate public knowledge and attitudes toward hemorrhoids, anticipating prevalent misconceptions.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Self-administered questionnaires will assess demographic data and perceptions about hemorrhoids. Data is analyzed by IBM SPSS 29.
Results: Our study indicated that 97.7% were aware of hemorrhoids, with 18.9% citing pushing during excretion and 16.4% mentioning prolonged sitting as the leading cause. 30.1% perceived surgery as the primary treatment, and 85.9% agreed on hemorrhoids' negative impact on quality of life. Significant predictors of better knowledge included (OR=1.726) for the 21-40 age group, (OR=2.024) for Taif residents, (OR=3.393) for Ph. D. holders, (OR=1.567) for an income of 5000-10000 SAR, and (OR=8.542) for participants with prior knowledge of hemorrhoids.
Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about hemorrhoids among the general population in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. There is good awareness but inadequate knowledge regarding hemorrhoids and their surgical treatment in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational interventions.
Naming of a female person in the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940)
Authors: Beglova Elena I. , Krasikova Olga G.
Published: March 2024

The object of the study was the lexical material of the first volume of the «Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language» edited by D. N. Ushakov. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of nouns naming a female person. The results of the study will allow in the future to identify the features and trends in the ways of naming female persons, the statics and dynamics of their use in speech from the point of view of stylistic norms, as well as to determine their status in the Russian literary language. As a result of the semantic, stylistic, etymological, comparative lexical analysis of nouns naming a female person conclusions were drawn: there are 15 lexical and semantic groups of nouns naming a female person by profession, nationality /nationality, place of residence, religious beliefs, title etc. were identified. It was found that a large number of obsolete words were included in the dictionary. A special place is occupied by dialectal and colloquial names of women. Etymological analysis showed that most of the names of female persons are of native Russian origin, formed in a word-formation way using suffixes, partly in a metaphorical way. Some of the words are borrowed entirely from French, Latin, etc. Russian languages, the other part has a borrowed root, but the word itself is formed in the Russian language with the help of Russian suffixes. It is argued that some of the nouns naming a female person by profession, position, occupation are not recorded in modern explanatory dictionaries because of their status in the SRL - «outdated» or they are abnormal (dialectal, colloquial).
Correlation between Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Markers, Vitamin D, and Iron Levels in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Pouresmaeil Vahid , Jasem Moslem , Maktoof Mostafa , Nia Tayebeh Rabani , Tabrizi Masoud Homayouni
Published: March 2024

Objective: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an essential role in endothelial repair and neovascularization. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to EPC depletion and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, iron overload is closely related to the development of diabetes and its various chronic complications. This study was designed to determine the relationship between EPC markers (CD34, CD133), vitamin D, and iron in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 67 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy. Blood pressure and all biochemical parameters were measured and compared. Serum concentrations of insulin, vitamin D, CD34, and CD133 were measured using ELISA. Serum iron concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results: Body mass index (P= 0.006), diastolic pressure (P= 0.018), insulin level (P= 0.028), Creatinine (P= 0.013), duration of diabetes, uric acid, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly different between the two groups (each P= 0.0001).The vitamin D (P= 0.034), CD34 (P= 0.0001), and CD133 (P= 0.025) levels decreased, and Iron (P= 0.0001) increased in the case group. Also, CD34 has a significant direct relationship with insulin, insulin resistance, and CD133. The results showed that vitamin D, iron, CD34, and CD133 had a significant relationship with the severity of nephropathy (P= 0.0001, each).
Conclusion: Increased iron levels and decreased vitamin D, CD34, and CD133 levels are associated with the severity of nephropathy. This result indicates that diabetic nephropathy may directly reduce CD34 and CD133 levels in the body, increasing the incidence of secondary complications in these patients.
Comparison of Postural Balance, Muscle Force and Spinal Posture in Obese Children and Adolescents- A Protocol Study
Authors: Reysy Fateme , Bokaee Fateme , Roghani Tayebeh , O’Malley Grace , Esfahani Najimeh Tarkesh , Beni Motahar Heidari , Kelishadi Roya
Published: March 2024

Objective: Obesity is a major public health concern. Since the prevalence of obesity is increasing, exploring the impacts of obesity on the developing musculoskeletal system is important. The aim of this study was to compare postural balance, muscle force, and spinal posture between children and adolescents with and without obesity.
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study on 90 children and adolescents with and without obesity (N=45 in each group). Outcome measures will be postural balance, muscle force, and spinal posture. These outcome measures will be compared between groups.
Results: Evaluation of HbA1c level based on the presence or absence of anemia showed that in diabetic group with anemia significantly had a lower level 8.4 (± 1.5) than people without anemia 8.6 (± 1.5) (P= 0.045). Conclusion: The findings can determine the importance of assessing musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents with obesity.
Electrical Properties of Gd- and Mn-Doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3- La2O3 Thick Films for Ethanol Gas Sensors
Authors: Putri Gizella Mentari , Suhend Endi , Ulhakim Muhamad Taufik , Setiawan Andhy , Syarif Dani Gustaman
Published: March 2024

Herein, electrical properties of ethanol gas sensing based on Gd- and Mn- doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 thick films were investigated. The Gd- and Mn-doped Fe2O3- LaFeO3-La2O3 were synthesized by coprecipitation method and formed to thick films using screen-printing techniques with sintering temperature at 900 ∘C. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to determine the crystal and morphological structures. The results showed that the synthesized materials have three phases i.e., tetragonal, cubic, and hexagonal, respectively for Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3. Also, the average particle size is of about 0.51 μm. Among all those circumstances, synthesized materials indicate good performances as ethanol gas sensing that showed in the electrical properties’ measurement. It tested A differently in ethanol containing i.e., 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. The highest response to ethanol gases reached at 300 ppm, it is 332 with optimum temperature at 289∘C. We hope our findings could be beneficial and helpful in the perfect fabrication of ethanol gas sensors in future.
Keywords: electrical properties, thick films, doped, ethanol, sensors
Fabrication of Gadolinium Oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 Thick Films by Screen Printing Technique and Their Electrical Properties for Ethanol Gas Sensors
Authors: Agustina ‎ , Ulhakim Muhamad Taufik , Setiawan Andhy , Syarif Dani Gustaman , Suhendi Endi
Published: March 2024

Recently, there have been many researchers who discussed screen printing techniques (SPT) as a good approach to fabricate the thick films for gas sensor applications. In this work, the SPTs were conducted to fabricate the thick films based on gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 that were applied as ethanol gas sensors. The crystal and morphological structures were investigated using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It shows that there are three phases of the crystal structure of gadolinium oxide-doped Fe2O3-LaFeO3-La2O3 i.e., rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and hexagonal. The morphological structure shows an average particle size of about 0.61 μm. Furthermore, the electrical properties measurements were explored to ensure the performance of thick films in detecting the ethanol gases. Th measurements were conducted in the range of temperature of about 310 ∘C to 325 ∘C and in the various ethanol gas containing, it is 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. This result showed that the highest response of thick films in the existence of ethanol gases (300 ppm) is 427 with an optimum temperature of 319 ∘C. It is also confirmed that SPT has an excellent approach in thick film fabrication to produce gas sensor devices with good performance.
Keywords: fabrication, gadolinium oxide, doped, thick films, screen printing, electrical properties, ethanol, sensors
Antagonistic Activity of Cellulase-Producing Yeasts Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation Against Pathogenic Molds Collected from Damaged Cocoa Fruits
Authors: Sukmawati Dalia , Firhandini Alika , Khumaiya Umi , Ayu Komsiatun Dwi , Gunadi Syifa Aulia , Supiyani Atin , Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Al Husna Shabrina Nida , El Enshasy Hesham , Dailin Daniel Joe , Sriherwanto Catur
Published: March 2024

The presence of pathogenic molds in post-harvested cocoa beans poses a significant problem to most Indonesian farmers. Pathogenic molds secrete phytopathogenic toxins which cause rotting, seriously damaging the cocoa fruits. The common pathogenic molds found in damaged cocoa beans are Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya. These molds are so far controlled by using chemical pesticides, whose long-term use is potentially harmful to human health and the environment. Thus, a healthier and safer alternative is needed, especially using biological agents such as yeasts. Some yeasts produce cellulose-degrading enzymes that can possibly break down the fungal cell wall which is composed mostly of the polysaccharide’s chitin and glucan. In this study, yeasts were isolated during the cocoa fermentation process, followed by screening for cellulolytic activity using direct planting and paste method, and subsequent antagonistic testing by double culture technique. Out of 128 yeast isolates, 77 possessed cellulase activity, with 6 of them having the highest activity index. Antagonistic activity test of these 6 isolates (C1.0.4, C1.1.3, C2.3.10, C2.3.14, C3.5.11, and C3.3.1) against the pathogenic molds resulted in isolate C3.3.1 showing the highest inhibition percentage from the 2
Monitoring the Diversity of Lizards and Snakes (Reptilia: Squamata), Along the Boyong-Code River Area, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Yudha Donan Satria , Eprilurahman Rury , Putra Hendy Eka , Muslim Sheliana Nugraha , Dwija Putra Rachmat Aditama
Published: March 2024

A reptile is a group of animal consists of testudines, crocodiles, lizards, and snakes. Most reptiles are capable of occupying wide range of habitats with different environmental conditions. One of the preferred habitats for reptiles is a river. Boyong-Code River is one of the rivers that flow across the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Research on the diversity of lizards and snakes in the Boyong-Code River has been done in 2012. This research aims to acquire new data on the diversity of herpetofauna in the Boyong-Code River and compare it with 2012 data research. The comparison purpose is to monitor the species diversity dynamics after 5 years. The data of herpetofauna diversity were acquired using a combination of several methods, i.e., VES (Visual Encounter Survey), riverbank cruising, and transect. Sampling areas in 2012 and 2017 were divided into three locations, i.e., upstream, midstream, and downstream. Species diversity of lizards and snakes in the Boyong-Code River in 2017 consists of eight species of lizards (lacertilians: squamates: reptiles) and four species of snakes (serpents: squamates: reptiles). Species diversity dynamics were equal for lizards in 2012 and 2017; meanwhile, there were more species of snakes in 2012 compared to 2017.
Keywords: monitoring, diversity, lizards, snakes, reptiles, squamates, boyong-code river, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing on Bivariate Log-Normal Regression Models
Authors: Budinirmala Kadek , . Purhadi , Choiruddin Achmad
Published: March 2024

This study aims to introduce a bivariate Log-Normal regression model and to develop a technique for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. We term the model Bivariate Log-Normal Regression (BLNR). The estimation procedure is conducted by the standard Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) employing the Newton-Raphson method. To perform hypothesis testing, we adapt the Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test (MLRT) for simultaneous testing with test statistics which, for large n, follows Chi-Square distribution with degrees of freedom p. In addition, the partial testing is derived from a central limit theorem which results in a Z-test statistic.
Keywords: parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, bivariate log, normal regression
COVID-19 Death Risk in Surabaya: Modeling by Spatial Point Process
Authors: Putri Dora Isnaini , Fitriyanah Vanda , Choiruddin Achmad , Trijoyo Purnomo Jerry Dwi
Published: March 2024

The total death rate or Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Surabaya is high, that is almost twice of the global CFR (1.4%). Utilization of high-resolution data has the potential to explore COVID-19 cases, not only recording cases at the district or city level but also at the patient’s domicile level so that they can provide more detailed spatial information. Meanwhile, research exploring the risk of death from COVID-19, especially in Surabaya using spatial point process model, has not yet been carried out. In this study, an analysis of the risk of death from COVID-19 in Surabaya will be carried out using the inhomogeneous Poisson point process model with covariates or external factors used including the density of the COVID-19 referral hospital location and the proportion of confirmed COVID-19 population aged > 60 years per districts. Our model shows that referral hospitals (exp( ) = 1.03295) and places of worship (exp( ) = 1.03835) have a significant effect on death risk from COVID-19. So, there is a need for special handling for areas that have a population with a vulnerable age (> 60 years) where at this age the human immune system will decrease.
Keywords: COVID-19, heath risk, spatial point process, surabaya
Implementation of Neural Network in Early Detection of Financial Crisis in Singapore
Authors: Mulyarti Fadia , . Sugiyanto , Subanti Sri , Zukhronah Etik , Sulandari Winita
Published: March 2024

The financial crisis that occurred in 1997 and 2008 had a negative impact on several countries, including Singapore. A financial crisis can occur suddenly so it can endanger a country’s economy if it is not prepared for it. Therefore, early detection of financial crises is needed as a form of crisis warning so that the government can anticipate and prepare appropriate policies. The independent variables used are monthly data of 11 key macroeconomic and financial indicators of Singapore’s economy from January 1990 to June 2021. The Perfect signal is used as the dependent variable in the crisis early detection system. This study aims to build a model of a financial crisis detection system in Singapore using Multilayer Perceptron Backpropagation (MLPBP) as a neural network algorithm by comparing the optimization of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Nesterov-accelerated Adaptive Moment Estimation (Nadam). The optimal hyperparameter value in the model was searched using the grid search method based on the accuracy and obtained the best model with 11-11-1 network architecture, best optimization is Nadam, learning rate = 0.1;
Identification of Flowing Electrolyte Lead Acid Battery Operating Voltage
Authors: Pranata Kurriawan Budi , Purwanto Hari Lugis , Ghufron Muhammad , . Istiroyah , Tri Sulistyanto Muhammad Priyono , Wiguna Anggri Sartika , Akbar Sulthoni , Azhiman Fauzan
Published: March 2024

Identification of the operating voltage of a lead acid battery with 30% sulfuric acid electrolyte flow has been carried out. The battery consists of six cells with Pb and PbO as electrodes. The battery is equipped with a 1200 ml reservoir system to collect electrolyte and supply electrolyte to each cell. Each cell has electrolyte inlets and outlets at the top and bottom that circulate through each cell using a peristaltic pump. The battery prototype built was tested for five charge-discharge cycles with a constant current of 2 A for the charging process and 0.5 A for the discharging process using Turnigy Accucell. During the charge-discharge cycle test, monitoring and recording of voltage data is carried out using a Laptop PC. Data processing uses WebplotDigitizer and Microsoft Excel for data graphing. The results are analyzed and used to identify the operating voltage of the battery by taking the average voltage over five charge-discharge cycles. The average voltage is 13.98 V for the charging process and 12.11 V for the discharging process. Six-cell battery with full capacity works at a voltage range of 12.11-13.98 V. In the process of charging with a constant current of 2 A, the battery takes an average of 7.49 hours. So, the charging capacity can be estimated at 14,980 mAh. Whereas the battery discharge process takes an average of 11 hours with a constant current of 0.5 A to a voltage drop of 10.81 V. The resulting capacity of the discharged battery is 5500 mAh.
Keywords: flowing electrolyte, lead acid battery, operating voltage
Potential of Solar Energy Mapping in East Priangan Using Satellite Imagery and Environmental Based on GIS
Authors: Putra Riki Purnama , Susanti Seni , Ramadhanti Indy , Agustina Rena Denya
Published: March 2024

Renewable energy is an energy that can be used to turn on all the energy that is still widely used in the world, including in Indonesia. Solar energy is a renewable energy that uses solar energy as the main ingredient in the formation of electrical energy. Solar energy is one of the most likely energies in a country that is on the equator like Indonesia. One of the interesting problems is how to determine the most effective area for the installation of solar power plants to make the power received by the power plant more effective. This study aims to analyze the effective area for installing solar panels using a Geographic Information System (GIS) as well as mapping of Centralized Solar Power (CSP) and centralized solar photovoltaic (SPV) in the East Priangan area, West Java. The method used in this study is based on the use of remote sensing of the average annual horizontal irradiation (GHI) and Normal Direct Irradiation (DNI). Solar irradiation data (GHI and DNI) were obtained from data from the surface meteorological program and solar energy by NASA, while Land Use/Land Cover, and Digital Elevation Models were used with the use of GIS. The results show that high areas in East Priangan get more effective CSP and SPV results than low areas, but low areas show an average effectiveness value in denuded areas.
Keywords: solar energy, east Priangan, satellite imagery, environmental, GIS
Making Briquettes Variation Ingredient Durian Peel, Husk Rice, and Shell Coconut -- Impact on Strength, Burnability, Temperature, and Calorific Value
Authors: Utami Indri Sari , Rusdiana Dadi , . Nahadi , Suwarma Irma Rahma
Published: March 2024

The study aims to develop and test the characteristics of briquettes made from durian skin with a mixture of various compositions conducted that obtained briquettes from ingredients such as 100% durian peel, 100% husk rice, 100% shell coconut, 50% durian peel and 50 % shell coconut, 70% durian peel and 30% shell coconut, 50% durian peel and 50% husk, 70% durian peel and 30% husk, and 30% durian peel and 70% husk. Have been tested for variable endurance after dropping from a height of 180 cm as influenced by variation mixture that results in the test obtained the missing mass by consecutive 0.1 gr, 10 gr, 15.8 gr, 3.6 gr, 0.3 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.3 gr, and 0.4 gr. Test time burning by consecutive are 174 minutes, 120 minutes, 502 minutes, 410 minutes, 376 minutes, 406 minutes, 380 minutes, 367 minutes, and 280 minutes. The resulting calorific value consecutive are 105.8 kcal /kg, 124.9 kcal /kg, 135.3 kcal /kg, 38.2 kcal /kg, 121.5 kcal /kg, 59 kcal /kg, 95 kcal /kg, 128.4 kcal /kg, and 128.4 kcal /kg.
Keywords: briquettes, durian peel, husk rice, shell coconut
Community Perceptions on Conserving Watershed Areas
Authors: Ekaputri Rendi Zulni , Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah , Hidayat Topik , Surakusumah Wahyu
Published: March 2024

Conservation is one of the actions taken to maintain biodiversity and improve ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the community’s view of conserving watersheds. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, involving the community as respondents to identify and analyze the proposed research instrument. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and community interaction data were collected through field observations and secondary data. The empirical data obtained was then analyzed and interpreted according to the research findings. The results of the research found that the community did not know much about conservation of biodiversity. Based on the community’s perception of conservation, it is necessary to emphasize to the community the importance of biodiversity as the basis for conservation to achieve disaster preparedness.
Keywords: conservation, biodiversity, ecosystem
Application of Generalized Reciprocal Method on 2D Seismic Refraction Data in Mt. Manglayang, West Java
Authors: Nugerahani Yosi Dinar , Muhammad Firman Hadi , Wiratama Reva , Muttaqien Imamal , Agustina Rena Denya
Published: March 2024

The imaging of shallow subsurface structures, weathered rock thickness and velocity propagation distribution of the rocks can be identified by seismic refraction. This method is one of the geophysical exploration methods utilizing refracted wave once it reaches the boundary of subsurface layer. In this research we used the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) as one of the robust processing methods in analyzing subsurface data. This method was chosen due to its accuracy in interpreting shallow subsurface layer with highly undulating refractors by determining time velocity analysis, XY optimum distances, and time depth analysis, then, the expected depth values can be achieved. The acquisition of data for this research was conducted using 13 geophones with forward and reverse sources, the data were then picked to get travel time values and inverted to obtain real geological setting of the earth. The results were interpreted as 2 layers, the first layer had a velocity distribution of 499.289 m/s which was identified as a weathered layer with a thickness of about 4.74 meters, whereas the second layer was interpreted as clay rock with velocity distribution of 1270.433 m/s with the thickness reached up to 16 meters.
Keywords: generalized reciprocal method, 2D seismic refraction
Energy Efficiency Comparison in Heating Water Using Gas, Electric, and Induction Cooktops and Determination of Container Emissivity Coefficient
Authors: Hasanah Aas Wasri , Sunarya Adhitya Sumardi , Viridi Sparisoma
Published: March 2024

A 1.315 kg stewpan is used to boil 1 kg water using three different type of cooktops, that is, gas, electric, and induction. The power of the electric cooktop is 600 W, a gas cooktop uses the maximum setting (large burner in control knob), and the induction cooktop has maximum power of 1200 W. We have observed two different settings of power: 600 W and 1200 W. In the first setting, we compared induction and electric cooktops, while in the second induction and gas cooktops were compared. We obtained energy efficiency about 67.24% and 56.2% for the first setting and 74.03% and 38.55% for the second, which shows that induction cooktop always gives better performance compared to the other cooktops. Besides this, we also investigated the energy leak from the stewpan to the environment through radiation, which should be the same, since all four observations were using the same container to heat the water.
Keywords: energy efficiency, heating water, induction cooktops, container emissivity coefficient
Immunological Roles of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Royaei Mohammad Reza , Tahoori Mohammad Taher
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), also known as synovial fibroblasts or type B synoviocytes, are the primary cells responsible for the structure of the synovial lining. They are crucial for the formation of a healthy, organized synovial lining. In rheumatic synovium affected by inflammation, the typical three-layered synovial lining transforms into a pannus-like structure. Various pro-inflammatory conditions in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines, growth factors, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, strongly activate FLS cells. Moreover, environmental conditions in the joints of RA patients, such as high pressure and hypoxia, induce changes that further contribute to FLS activation and the development of aggressive characteristics. These changes include increased proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and enhanced cell migration, collectively referred to as a tumor-like phenotype. Additionally, FLS cells release inflammatory cytokines, amplifying inflammation and attracting immune cells to the joint. They also play a role in degrading the extracellular matrix and causing cartilage and bone damage through the production of enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagenase, aggrecans, and cathepsins. Recent therapeutic approaches have been directed at targeting the signaling pathways that activate FLS cells and inhibiting factors and cytokines produced by these cells to alleviate inflammatory symptoms and reduce joint damage. It is anticipated that these treatment strategies will complement existing therapies in the near future.
Conclusion: FLS cells are the main components of maintaining the health and nutrition of joints. These cells produce various cytokines, chemokines, angiogenic factors, as well as factors that contribute to the breakdown of matrix and cartilage. The main drivers of significant changes in inflamed joints are proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Treatment strategies have been developed to target the signaling pathways that activate these cells, with a focus on improving inflammatory symptoms. It is expected that these treatment strategies will be incorporated into existing therapies in the near future.
Investigating the Knowledge of Yazd Dental Students about the Taught Factors of Direct Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth in 1401
Authors: Yavari Fatemeh , Farahat Farnaz , Ahadi Bita , Khoshdel Maede , Shafiei Fahimeh
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Treatment of root-treated teeth depends largely on proper restoration. Direct restorations are a better choice if there is sufficient residual tissue. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of dental students in School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the knowledge of 67 dental students of School of Dentistry in Yazd City about the taught factors of direct restoration of root-treated teeth was studied using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing demographic characteristics (age and gender) and 28 knowledge questions. After collecting the data, using SPSS version 16 software, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: 36 (53.7%) female students and 31 (46.3%) male students with an average age of 25 ± 3.14 participated in this study. The average awareness score was 32.74 ± 9.65. The average knowledge score of female students (35.30±10.27) was higher than that of male students (31.95±8.70), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.156). In the age group under 25, the average score of awareness (34.78 ± 9.94) was higher than the average above 25 (30.43 ± 8.1). There was an inverse and significant relationship between knowledge score and age, r=-0.242 and P 0.049. Conclusion: The average knowledge score of dental students regarding the taught factors of direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth was good. Gender did not have a significant effect on the knowledge of students, and the knowledge of students under 25 years old was higher than ones over 25 years old.
Studying anthocyanins in the skin and flesh of the tubers of some potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Kim I. V. , Klykov A. G.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. Today special attention is paid to potato anthocyanins as components of functional food. Increasing interest is generated by research on the use of anthocyanins for the benefit of animals and people in addition to their significant role in the life of plants.

   The research goal was to identify the quantitative and qualitative composition of anthocyanins in the tubers of valuable potato hybrids of Primorsky selection.

   Five promising potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.) belonging to different groups of maturity and involved in the comparative variety testing by FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology named after A. K. Chaiki” were used as the research object.

   The research was carried out under the conditions of field and laboratory experiments in Primorsky kray, Russia, in 2018-2023. The anthocyanins were divided by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. The anthocyanins were identified by the method of second-order mass spectrometry.

   Results. The research evaluated the potato hybrids for the content of anthocyanins in the tissues of the tubers – skin and flesh. The following specimens were determined to have a high content of anthocyanins both in the skin and flesh: Pri-15-12-14 (petunidin-3-arabinoside: 310.0 and 91.1 mg/kg; cyanidin-3-glucoside: 149.8 and 39.8 mg/kg) and Pri-14-52-2 (petunidin-3-arabinoside: 360.0 and 143.0 mg/kg; cyanidin-3-glucoside: 80.4 and 81.2 mg/kg). The selected specimens were characterized by purple and blue-purple skin. Genotypes Pri-14-52-2 and Pri-15-12-14 had tuber flesh with purple pigmentation. Hybrids Pri-15-12-14 and Pri-14-52-2 had the highest total content of anthocyanins in the flesh – 130.9 and 224.2 mg/kg, respectively. The conducted research identified eight different anthocyanins in the tubers of the studied potato specimens: delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-ramnosil-5-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-ramnosil-5-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and petunidin-3-arabinoside. The tubers with pink and red skin were determined to contain pelargonidin-3-glucoside. Petunidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside colored tuber skin purple. The selected group of specimens might be recommended for use as functional food and in goal-oriented breeding.
Freeze drying as a way to preserve the quality of vegetables to create functional products
Authors: Yanchenko E. V. , Ivanova M. I. , Kaukhcheshvili N. E. , Gryzunov A. A. , Belova S. V. , Yanchenko A. V.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. In order to expand the range of food products for the crews of the International Space Station (ISS), studies have been conducted on the specifics of developing natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes.

   The aim is to evaluate new broccoli hybrids as raw materials for the production of natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of powder for freeze-dried dishes of increased nutritional value and high degree of readiness for consumption, including components of children's, dietary and cosmonaut nutrition.

   Methods. The objects of the study were 6 new broccoli hybrids (2 hybrids of domestic and 4 of foreign breeding).

   Results. In domestic hybrids F1 (Detskiy delikates, Macho), the average vitamin C content in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder of a high degree of readiness for consumption was 1.66 times higher than in foreign hybrids. The highest vitamin C content was noted in the domestic hybrid children's delicacy 419.4 mg %. β-carotene was best preserved in the hybrids F1 Detskiy delikates (2.58 mg %), F1 Macho (2.56 mg %), as well as in the hybrid F1 Batavia (2.52 mg %). The amount of sugars in natural flavoring vegetable additives in the form of freeze-dried powder was on average 1.17 times higher in domestic hybrids than in foreign ones. At the same time, some foreign hybrids showed a high level of accumulation. So the largest accumulation of the sum of sugars was in the F1 Lord (12.85 %). A high level of sugar content was also observed in F1 Macho (12.84 %) and F1 Detskiy delikates (11.63 %). The F1 Fiesta accumulated the least nitrates (77.1 mg/kg). According to organoleptic indicators, the F1 Detskiy delikates has been identified. High organoleptic indices were also noted in the F1 Macho and the F1 Batavia.
A Study on the Evaluation and Application of Barrier Free Design in Beauty Salons
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Lee Ga Young , Kim Jung Won
Published: March 2024

Today, South Korea is rapidly entering into a super-aged society. It is anticipated that there would be significant changes in social structure. Therefore, Korean government has sought diverse policies and ways to respond to such unfavorable circumstances. Specifically, policymakers have focused on barrier-free environments for all users in a super-aged society. In addition, there have been a lot of studies on the development of systems for elderly people. However, there have not been many changes in beauty industry yet. In other words, it is time for beauty industry to take a proper action against such social issue. This study attempted to investigate barrier-free beauty salons. It targeted to enhance the utilization of guidelines by reflecting the latest standards such as welfare facility-related laws, guidelines and manuals and suggesting practical plans. For this, a meeting was held on October 1 and 8, 2023 to make them play as a guideline as a medium of communication for environmental design and services among beauty specialists, architectural design & construction engineers and welfare facility managers & users. To examine if such barrier-free design is applied, a total of 10 beauty salons in Busan, Ulsan and Gyeongsangnam-do were investigated from October 10 to November 30, 2023. For this, frequency analysis was performed, using SPSS 26.0, and the results found the followings: Beauty salons were short and needed of barrier-free design. This study confirmed a necessity of barrier-free design in beauty salons as a starting point of such design approach in beauty industry. However, it is required to collect more samples from more subjects across diverse regions and perform an in-depth study.
A Study on Word-of-mouth intention of Beauty Salon Users Applying the Planned Behavior Theory(TPB)
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Han A Reum , Park Eun-Jun
Published: March 2024

Modern consumers are acquiring various knowledge and information for better and wiser consumption, companies are changing from past product-oriented marketing to customer-oriented marketing, and the beauty industry is also trying to satisfy the needs of customers that capture their hearts. Various marketing activities are actively taking place. This study investigated the behavioral intention and word of mouth intention of beauty salon users by applying the planned behavior theory (TPB). First, it was found that the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of the planned behavior theory (TPB) had a statistically significant effect on behavioral intention. Second, it was found that the perceived behavioral control of the planned behavior theory (TPB) had a significant effect on word-of-mouth intention. Third, it was found that the behavioral intention of customers using beauty salons did not have a significant effect on word-of-mouth intention. The analysis results of this study seem to have contributed to suggesting the direction of the beauty industry.
The Effect of Beauty Experts’s Erotic Capital on Beauty Consumers’ Relation Quality and Repurchase Intention: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Consumer Satisfaction
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Lee So-Eun , Yoo Jee-Young , Kim Gyu-Rang
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between customer satisfaction, relationship quality, and repurchase intention between beauty experts' erotic capital as perceived by customers and to empirically analyze the mediating effect of customer satisfaction. The survey was conducted on 250 customers who visited beauty shops in the Seoul and Gyeonggi metropolitan areas and experienced beauty services, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The results derived through a series of research procedures are as follows. First, First, the attractive capital of beauty experts was found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction and relationship quality. Second, beauty experts' customer satisfaction was found to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on relationship quality and repurchase intention. Third, Customer satisfaction was found to have a statistically significant partial mediating effect in the relationship between the beauty expert's erotic capital as perceived by beauty consumers and repurchase intention.
The Study on 3D Character Design Utilizing Digital Human Creators and Digital Software
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Hwang Sun-Hee
Published: March 2024

In an era where AI image generators are being integrated across various artistic domains, there is a need for a directional shift in character design in the beauty education field to align with the current trends. The graphic tools currently in use often face limitations in achieving a refined expression when artistic sensibility and expression techniques are lacking. This study proposes the character design education method enabling an intuitive and fast process as the tools that realistically mimic human behavior and appearance. This implies that anyone with the ability to analyze scenarios can create characters with a sense of realism. This study selects the main characters of Jean Valjean, Fantine, Javert, and Cosette from Les Misérables, one of the world's four major musicals, and develops the characters through the following process. Firstly, personality analysis of the characters is conducted through scenario analysis. Next, 3D character design utilizing meta-human creators is executed based on detailed character descriptions. Thirdly, designs are finely adjusted using Photoshop, and Photoshop AI is used to stage backgrounds fitting the era of the play, maximizing the character images. The proposed approach in this study aims to facilitate the creation of high-quality character designs in the beauty education field through various methods, enabling students to enhance their analytical skills without investing significant time in learning tool usage, thereby fostering them to fulfill genuine planner roles.
Whitening Activities of Extracts of Salvia plebeia R. BR and Centella asiatica
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Lim Hyun-Ji , Lee Hea-Jin , Kwak Jong-Bok , Lim Mi-Hye
Published: March 2024

This study attempted to assess the whitening activities of Salvia plebeia R. Br. and Centella asiatica extracts which were provided by MEIDEME CO., LTD., their safety was confirmed through cell viability testing. The whitening activities were evaluated by inhibition of melanin synthesis and reduction of whitening-related transcription factors and protein production. The results found that no statistically significant cytotoxicity was observed at 10㎍/㎖, 20㎍/㎖and 40㎍/㎖. In addition, melanin production decreased by 28.4% at Salvia plebeia R. BR and Centella asiatica extract(SCE) 40㎍/㎖. In transcription factors, tyrosinase, tyrosianse related protein(TRP-1) and dopachrome tautomerase(TRP-2) decreased by 17%, 21% and 22% respectively at SCE 40㎍/㎖, confirming statistical significance. Protein production also showed statistically significant results with decrease in tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 by 87%, 40% and 27% each at SCE 40㎍/㎖. The above results confirm that SCE is effective in promoting whitening and would be available as a cosmetic ingredient for whitening cosmetics.
The Impact of Innovation on Business Development. The Example of Moderate Innovators and the Visegrad Group Countries
Authors: Jabłońska Małgorzata
Published: March 2024

The paper analyzes the relationship between innovation dimensions, according to the European Innovation Scoreboard, and the entrepreneurship rate in a group of moderate innovator countries. Using the Pearson linear correlation, the author conducted a data analysis based on an empirical study using open data from the Summary Innovation Index – European Innovation Scoreboard (SII‑EIS) and Eurostat for 2013–2019. This period covers the moment when all the countries of the Visegrad Group (i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia – the V4) were classified into the same innovation group according to EIS. However, due to the volume limitations of the article, it was decided that Moderate Innovators from 2019 would be included in the comparative analysis, i.e., when the V4 were last collectively classified as Moderate Innovators. The results of the research positively verify the initial research hypothesis that the EIS indicators show a different strength of relationships with the entrepreneurship rate in the V4 and among other economies classified as Moderate Innovators (according to SII–2020).
The variables that describe the quantity and quality of entrepreneurs’ innovations strongly and positively impact the V4 countries’ entrepreneurship rate. In other countries, the variables derived from the investment attractiveness of economies show a significant and positive correlation with the entrepreneurship rate. Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between the entrepreneurship rate and the total innovation index, which is compiled each year based on a set of variables for the European Union countries. The study showed that the entrepreneurship rate in these countries is strongly impacted by indicators representing the following groups: Innovators (small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs) with product or process innovations; SMEs with marketing or organizational innovations and SMEs innovating in‑house), Attractive research systems (international scientific co‑publications), Finance and support (Venture capital expenditures), Firm investments (Enterprises that provide training to develop or upgrade their personnel’s ICT skills), and Linkages (Innovative SMEs that collaborate with others). The impact of these factors on the development of entrepreneurship in the V4 means that pro‑innovative activities undertaken in operating enterprises strongly correlate with deciding to start one’s own business. Therefore, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship in these countries has an entirely different development basis than in other countries that are Moderate Innovators, where the factors mentioned above were irrelevant.