bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances For Upper Extremity Rehabilitation In Acute And Subacute Post Stroke Survivors : A Narrative Review
Authors: Nandinee Chotai , Shraddha Diwan
Published: February 2025

Background: Post-stroke survivors  experience motor impairments and poor arm recovery, necessitating early rehabilitation. Robot-assisted therapy is being explored for improved outcomes, but is not feasible for all clinics. So this review aims at different effective UE rehabilitation interventions.
Method: This study aimed to identify relevant articles on UE, acute and subacute stroke & Rehabilitation using search engines- Google Scholar, PubMed, Scihub from year 2019-2023 focusing on published articles in indexed journals,English language and UL rehabilitation among acute and subacute stroke patients.
Result: Eleven studies, including 10 randomized control trials and 1 systematic reviews, found that various techniques like Robotics Assisted Therapy ,CIMT, EMG biofeedback, and Mirror therapy improved motor control, functional independence, and muscle tone.
Conclusion: Limited resources in rehabilitation centers and clinics hinder intensive treatment, reducing stroke patients' recovery. Other techniques may improve functional independence, muscle tone, and quality of life.
Keywords: Stroke, acute, subacute, upper extremity, Early rehabilitation.
Prevalence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Among Individuals Of 35-55 Years - A Cross sectional Study
Authors: Kalpita Rane , Ashwini Kalsait , Ashish Patil , Danish Shaikh
Published: February 2025

Aim- To study the Prevalence and Sex wise distribution of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo among individuals of 35-55 years. Relevance of study - People between the ages of 35 and 55 years tends to overlook dizziness problems because of their hectic lifestyles and busy schedules. This issue might in some way disrupt their daily routine, but they might also go unnoticed. Early diagnosis of BPPV may help to improve quality of life of patients and may reduce the risk of injury. Methodology- In this cross-sectional study 105 participants experiencing dizziness were selected according to inclusion & exclusion criteria. Evaluation of dizziness was done using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory Scale and then Dix Hallpike Test was carried out. Result- Among 105 participants suffering from dizziness, 13 were diagnosed with BPPV. The study resulted that 12.38% of individuals were prevalent for BPPV, of whom 8 were females (62%), and 5 were males (38%). Conclusion - The prevalence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo among individuals of 35-55 years is 12.38%. Females were more affected as compared to males.
Integrated Teaching in Physiotherapy on Spinal Cord Injury for Final year Undergraduate Students: 8 years longitudinal study.
Authors: Suvarna Ganvir , Shyam Ganvir , Maheshwari Harishchandre , Prachi Bhagat
Published: February 2025

Introduction: For acquiring clinical skills of treating various aspects of disease based on strong foundation of knowledge of disease,   Integrated teaching is the need of time. However, it cannot be one time experiment. For successful cultivation of expected clinical skills, it is imperative that a continuous effort is made for providing this integration on a regular basis. This report is based on the experiences of successful implementation of Integrated Teaching of  ‘Spinal Cord Injury Physiotherapy management’ for final year UG students of Physiotherapy course.
Methodology: It is an 8 year study of implementation of Spinal cord Injury Management for final year students implemented since 2016 at our institute. After a preliminary FGD in 2016 about the content of module, a revision meeting is conducted every 2 years to review the content. Students and faculty feedback is obtained about the experience of being a part of this module is obtained every year.  Post test is conducted after every module to assess the knowledge and skill gained by participants.
Results: There is consistent positive feedback about the content of module form faculty and students since 2016 measured in terms of satisfaction index of equal to or more than 80 for each parameter of questionnaire. Parameters from students questionnaire include knowledge and skill gain, interactivity, optimal balance between theory and practical and time management. From those of faculty include interdepartmental interaction, facilitation of requisite knowledge and skills, optimal challenge of implementation.
Conclusion: This Longitudinal study implementing Integrated Teaching in Physiotherapy provides a strong evidence for incorporating this method of teaching learning in the curriculum.
Key words: Integrated Teaching, Education, Physiotherapy, TL methods.
“For Us, Bühne is Everything that has an Audience.”
Authors: Yazdanpanah Marie-Noelle
Published: February 2025

In the 1920s in particular, the illustrated Die Bühne magazine claimed to appeal to “everyone” and to be a stage (=Bühne) for the widest possible readership. With an eye on international developments, it offered a mix of topics—from modern theatre, revue and mass media, to sport, the new body culture and leisure activities—and propagated a modern lifestyle overall. The article explores how the slogan “For us, Bühne is everything that has an audience”, proclaimed in the first issue in 1924, manifested itself and its attitude towards mass arts over the years. The editors are examined as well as the intended and actual readers, with a focus on the various strategies used to attract and involve readers and to keep them loyal to the Die Bühne as a product. The provided role models were largely middle class. However, the content indicated that the magazine wanted to appeal to a cross-milieu and thus to a more diverse readership than the promoted lifestyle, consumer products and trendy places may suggest at first glance. At the same time, “everyone” refers to mass or the masses, which is most frequently expressed in articles on leisure culture and in relation to (theatre) audiences. I analyse the contexts and times when this topos is used positively—e.g., in the sense of active, idiosyncratic audiences—and when mass stands for the superficial or the ordinary. The question of the masses is explored in two ways: firstly, as the popular approach of addressing everyone and promoting mass arts, and secondly, as the depiction and representation of various aspects of the masses.
“Why Do People Accept Ideologies that Contradict their Conscious Interests?”
Authors: Ruttner Florian
Published: February 2025

For a short time in the mid-1930s, Prague turned into the hub of discussions about the role of psychology in history. Far from being a mere methodological debate, the question why masses act against their conscious interests was seen as a central point of this endeavor. The issue intrigued not only the left-leaning Czechoslovak historians who formed the Historická skupina (the Historical Group) and were influenced by similar attempts in Germany, namely by the Institut für Sozialforschung in Frankfurt am Main, but also psychoanalysts in exile, like Otto Fenichel, who conducted inquiries in a similar vein, all the more as the menace of German fascism grew stronger. The paper sketches the contacts between different groups and presents the main results of their deliberations.
Medical Metaphors in the Thirteenth-Century Sermon Collection of Pécs
Authors: Kovács Annamária
Published: February 2025

The Pécs University Sermons were composed at the end of the thirteenth century in Hungary, probably at a studium generale. The sermons contain many references from classical authors and philosophers. Among other things, they use numerous scientific and natural philosophical citations in their argumentation. This article focuses specifically on the medical quotations.
The use of medical motifs in theological argumentation has a long tradition: both the Bible and the Church Fathers drew an analogy between physical and spiritual healing. In the thirteenth century, however, this biblical tradition was transformed as theologians increasingly supplemented the biblical tradition with medical literature. In my paper, I examine how the biblical tradition and medical literature appear in the Pécs University Sermons and with what rhetorical aim medicine is used. Through the exemplary analysis of selected sermons, I present the different rhetorical situations in which medicine appears, and I argue that medical literature is not only used to complement the biblical tradition but that the medical quotations themselves could be the starting point for medical argumentation. I also examine which sources the author used and show that he quotes a lesser-known anatomical source, the Anatomia vivorum.
Kefir Fermented Milk Ameliorates Serum Indicators of Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Hepatic Histology in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajam Bayan Aref , Yousef Fatimah Mohammed Ali , Abduljawad Eman Abbas
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has increased worldwide, including in Saudi Arabia. Probiotic foods can lower the consequence of diabetes complications. Kefir fermented milk (KM) is a valuable source of probiotics. It has attracted increasing attention in the field of preventive medicine. This is due to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics. This study aimed to examine the impact of KM on markers of hyperglycemia and lipid profile, pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats were distributed into four groups: I- Control; II- Diabetic (rats injected with 60 mg/kg STZ to induce diabetes); III- Diabetic + 10 ml/kg KM: diabetic rats treated with 10 ml/kg KM; IV- Diabetic + 20 ml/kg KM group: diabetic rats treated with 20 ml/kg KM. The KM treatment period was 35 days. Serum hyperglycemia markers (glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin), lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) and pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were estimated. Furthermore, hepatic tissue histopathologic changes were assessed. Results: KM effectively relative to diabetic group reduced blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, TC, VLDL-C and LDL-C. Besides, KM significantly increased serum insulin and HDL-C. The levels of two inflammatory mediators, TNF-α and IL-6, were reduced in the KM-treated group. KM treatment improved hepatic inflammation and necrosis induced by STZ. These effects were most pronounced in the group receiving the high KM dose. Conclusion: KM administration effectively reduced elevated blood sugar levels caused by STZ by enhancing insulin secretion. KM administration reduced inflammation and markers of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, KM consumption appears to improve STZ-induced hepatic damage.
PERSPECTIVES OF CONSUMER LENDING IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Bolatov Nursultan
Published: February 2025

Consumer lending is a critical aspect of the moderneconomy, providing individuals with access to credit for various purposes. Aswe look towards the future, it is essential to understand how consumer lendingmay evolve and what factors may shape its development. This survey aimed togather perspectives on consumer lending in the future, including potentialtrends, concerns, and preferences. It is very important because the volume ofconsumer lending in Kazakhstan has increased rapidly in last 5 years.The survey found that the majority of respondents were likely to useconsumer lending services in the future, and they expected to see morepersonalized lending options, increased use of AI and machine learning inlending decisions, and more competition between lenders leading to lowerinterest rates. However, respondents also expressed concerns about potentialrisks associated with lending, such as high interest rates and debt accumulation,and were not sure on the potential popularity of alternative lending options.When it comes to choosing a lender, respondents considered reputationof the lenders more than other factors, it shows that goodwill of lenders moreimportant than other factors in choosing a lender. Finally, respondents weredivided on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted consumer lending, withsome expecting tighter lending requirements and higher interest rates in thefuture, while others anticipated more lenient lending requirements and lowerinterest rates.Overall, these findings underscore the complex nature of consumerlending and the importance of considering multiple factors when assessing itsdevelopment in the future.The research paper uses qualitative research method, if moreaccurately, author used a survey method to know the opinions of people aboutwhat they think about future of consumer lending in Kazakhstan.
ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING SERVICES FROM THEPERSPECTIVES OF TRANSACTION COST ECONOMIES: A STUDYIN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Rakhymberdi Arailym , Zhengis Zhansaya
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to understand the effects ofaccounting outsourcing services on transaction costs and operating expenses ofSMEs in Kazakhstan. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data frompeople who either work for an accounting outsourcing firm or a firm that receivesaccounting outsourcing services. Thematic analysis’ results reveal thataccounting outsourcing services would benefit firms basically in two aspects.They are operational cost savings and digitalization. Besides, risks associatedwith accounting outsourcing services have been revealed such as thedissemination of confidential information. Theoretical and practical implicationsare discussed. Finally, limitations and directions for future research are alsopresented.
АҚПАРАТТАНДЫРУ ЖӘНЕ БАЙЛАНЫС САЛАСЫНДАҒЫ ЗАҢНАМАСЫН БҰЗҒАНЫ ҮШІН ӘКІМШІЛІК-ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ ЖАУАПКЕРШІЛІКТІҢ ТҮСІНІГІ МЕН ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Authors: Тлеубекова Камила , Серим Гайни
Published: February 2025

The article examines the theoretical foundations of theapplication of administrative and legal responsibility for administrativeoffenses in the field of informatization and communication of modernsociety.Information technology has become a part of human life today. Ineveryday life, everyone in the world has such opportunities as prompt accessto information, communication and exchange of information, education,remote medical consultations and employment with the help of informationtechnology. However, at present, the development of information technologiesand communications, the fight against offenses in this area and ensuringcompliance with legislation remain relevant. The increase in administrativeoffenses in society, since informatization and communication have a directimpact on the life of a person and society, requires effective legal regulation ofmeasures of legal responsibility in this area. In the course of the work, a reviewof the works of domestic and foreign scientists was conducted, author'sdefinitions on “information law” were proposed, concepts on “the compositionof information offenses”, the most important concept in bringing to legalresponsibility, were developed. The purpose of the study is to analyze theconcept and specifics of administrative and legal responsibility foradministrative offenses in the field of informatization and communications andto identify problems that arise during the study.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Coping Mechanisms to Relieve Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic among UAE Residents
Authors: Hamad Shahd , Subeh Hiyam , Barakat Nebras , Alzarooni Amal
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Recent research studies conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) showed that the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant detrimental psychological impact on the UAE population. Based on these outcomes, it is essential to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the UAE population towards coping mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the UAE residents towards coping mechanisms used to relieve stress during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among UAE residents above the age of 18. A total of 292 participants were enrolled by volunteer sampling and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions about demographics, prevalence, causes of stress, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of coping mechanisms. Practices were assessed using the Brief-COPE scale and the data collected was analyzed using the SPSS-26 program.
Findings: Out of 292 participants, 213 (73%) were between 18-24 years old, 207 (71%) were females, 193 (66%) were Arabs, 222 (76%) were single, 199 (68%) were students, 169 (58%) had a bachelor’s degree or above, and 190 (65%) had an income ≤ 10,000 AED. 210 (71.9%) of the participants experienced varying levels of stress and the most common causes of stress were online learning and the health of family members. The level of knowledge about coping mechanisms was poor in 150 (51.4%) of participants. In the case of attitudes towards coping mechanisms, 173 (59.2%) and 183 (62.7%) of participants agreed that adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms were beneficial in relieving stress, respectively. The mean practices score for adaptive and maladaptive coping was 43.43/64 and 24.58/48, respectively.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stress management is vital for the overall well-being of the community. Awareness programs should be established to improve the perception and implementation of adaptive coping mechanisms among UAE population. Overall, the study emphasizes the urgent need for mental health awareness programs in the UAE to enhance adaptive coping mechanisms, reduce reliance on maladaptive strategies, and improve community resilience in future crises.
THE POWER OF DATA ANALYTICS: UNCOVERING BOT ARMIES’ MANIPULATION TECHNIQUES IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Basilio Ricky G. , Concepcion King David D. , Geronimo Patricia F. , Militante Dariel M.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore and determine the presence of bot armies and their manipulation tactics in online social networks (OSNs) through a survey and interview organized among the residents of Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. The study revealed that younger adults (18-29 years old) and users with higher education were more likely to be social media users and interact with bots. Moreover, sex and daily online activity levels do not significantly impact how often users encounter bots. In identifying bots, users prioritize checking for unusual content and new accounts with no history of activity. Engagement metrics and follower counts were considered less reliable indicators of bot activity. The result of the study revealed that the presence of bots negatively affects user trust in social media platforms and contributes to the spread of misinformation. However, users were not easily swayed by inauthentic popularity metrics, prioritizing credible and relatable content. The study also revealed that users were becoming more aware of recognizing bot manipulation techniques, including repetitive content spamming, malicious posts designed to provoke users, and the spread of clickbait links. Furthermore, users reported being directly messaged by bots and identified attempts to create fake engagement through other bot accounts. The study emphasizes the importance of data analytics in uncovering bot manipulation and highlights the need for educational programs to enhance user literacy. These findings suggest that social media platforms develop safeguards to contribute to a healthier online environment.
Enhancing Organizational Efficiency: A Cloud-Based Automation Solution
Authors: Basharat Muhammad Awais , Riaz Muhammad Moiz , Ul Abideen Zain , Noor Nabiha , Zar Sadia
Published: February 2025

This article proposes an advanced automation solution tailored to modern organizational needs, focusing on digitizing, and integrating essential operations such as inventory, personnel, and departmental management. By transitioning from manual to a cloud-based system, the solution enables real-time tracking, streamlined workflows, and data-driven decision-making, aligned with emerging trends in transparency, operational efficiency, and sustainability. Leveraging innovative technologies like ReactJS, Node.js, and MongoDB, as well as barcoding and QR code tracking, the project was able to provide a scalable, adaptable platform suitable for small to medium-sized organizations. Moreover, this solution highlights the growing importance of automation in enhancing accountability, operational resilience, and scalability in today’s dynamic environment.
Highlighting DeepSeek-R1: Architecture, Features and Future Implications
Authors: Hayder Wrya Anwar
Published: February 2025

Large language models have taken the central stage in artificial intelligence, but they confront challenges like high computational costs, strong limitations on scaling, and difficulty adapting to new tasks. In contrast, DeepSeek-R1, used extensively, addresses such issues using architecture insights, novel learning paradigms, and optimization approaches. In this paper, a high-level comparison is made of DeepSeek-R1 versus generic LLMs. In this article generic LLMs refer to popular models predating DeepSeek-R1, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, Meta's Llama, and Google's PaLM, which rely on other architectures and training pipelines. DeepSeek-R1 emphasizes unique training processes devoid of supervised fine-tuning and utilizes rule-based reinforcement learning by means of group relative policy optimization. The paper will identify the major features of DeepSeek-R1 and their implications for the future works, including reasoning ability, dynamic memory management, knowledge distillation techniques, efficiency, scalability, and robustness. It also outlines future implications of DeepSeek-R1 innovation for advancing AI research, real-time applications, and democratization of AI. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main features of the DeepSeek-R1 innovations that could shape the future of LLMs by bridging the gap between basic research and applied developments.
Discrepancy in Knowledge, Attitude and Perception about Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment among Infertile Couples Seeking Treatment at Government Clinic/ Tertiary Hospitals in Mumbai
Authors: Chaurasia Vaishali , Unisa Prof. Sayeed , Patil Anushree , Tandon Deepti , Bansal Vandana , Kokate Pratibha , Akula Anamika
Published: February 2025

Children are an invaluable part of human life, especially for infertile couples, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) brings hope to those struggling with infertility. However, attitudes towards treatment through ART are influenced by socio-cultural, financial barriers, and access concerns. Therefore, this paper aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and respondents' perceptions about various ART procedures. Primary data from two hospitals in Mumbai was collected using a structured schedule. The study involved 200 couples married for at least 3 years and undergoing treatment for at least 6 months. In the study, husbands showed greater awareness of donor oocytes (48.5% vs wife 35), sperm (65.5%), and egg freezing (19.5%), while wives showed greater awareness of IVF (68%) and IUI (67.5%). Wives showed more positivity toward ART methods, especially IVF, IUI, and ICSI, while husbands were more favorable toward donor-related methods. Cultural stigma, affordability, and fear of treatment negatively influenced attitudes, with significant differences between sexes. ART experience, particularly IVF, positively influenced awareness and acceptance for both sexes. Awareness and attitudes towards ART differ between husbands and wives, shaped by gender, type of infertility, and previous ART experience. While wives favor advanced ART methods, husbands lean towards donor-derived treatments. Stigma and affordability remain barriers, highlighting the need for targeted education and support to encourage informed decision-making among couples facing infertility. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of tailored education to improve awareness and reduce stigma-surrounding ART.
Tolerance to Stagnant Soil Water and the Effects of Soil Quality Improvement on the Growth of YoungCastanopsis sieboldiiandCinnamomum camphoraTrees in Urban Forests
Authors: Matsunaga Kako , Ishikawa Haruka , Atsukawa Ryosuke , Kanazawa Yumiko , Tanaka Satoru , Suzuki Kojiro , Rotherham Ian D.
Published: February 2025

Background

Urban areas, many located in lowlands, are often characterised by poor drainage and compacted soil and this can have an impact on the growth of urban trees.Castanopsis sieboldiiandCinnamomum camphoraare 2 evergreen tree species distributed throughout southern Japan. Many of these trees are planted in urban areas and their suburbs, and others grow naturally. The differences between these 2 species in their response to soil physical conditions, particularly those towards waterlogging and low aeration conditions, have not previously been studied.

Methods

In this study, we analysed and compared the tolerance ofCastanopsisspp. andCinnamomumspp. to stagnant soil water conditions and investigated the effects of soil quality improvement using obsidian perlite to increase air content in soil under stagnant and drained water conditions on the growth of these plants in pot experiments. In the study,CastanopsisandCinnamomumplants were grown on sand alone or mixed with obsidian perlite, and these were subjected to stagnant or drained water treatments.

Results

Under stagnant water conditions, all youngCastanopsistrees died within approximately 18 months. In contrast, only one young tree ofCinnamomumspp. grown on sand died under stagnant water conditions, and those grown on sand mixed with obsidian perlite were still alive after 35 months under stagnant conditions. Soil quality improvement using perlite increased the leaf abundance (numbers) in both species.

Conclusions

Stagnant water with a reduced soil air phase adversely affectedCastanopsisspp. growth, but over the study period of 3 yearsCinnamomumspp. was unaffected. When selecting tree species for urban planting, the impact of localised soil conditions on tree physiology may be critical.
Some Hermite-Hadamard Type Integral Inequalities and Their Applications via the Modified Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral Operator
Authors: Bahar Gul , Tariq Muhammad , Shaikh Asif Ali , Cesarano Clemente
Published: February 2025

The aim of this manuscript is to introduce a novel form of H-H inequality via ψ-RLFIO for preinvex functions. By employing this approach, we construct a new lemma. In addition, based on this newly derived fractional identity, some new estimation of fractional H-H inequality involving m-preinvex via ψ-RLFIO is investigated. Further, we add some mean-type applications.
Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System for Advanced Delivery System: Overview
Authors: Asmita Thorat  , Tambe S. E.
Published: February 2025

The main goal of an oral controlled drug delivery system is to maximise bioavailability, which should be predictable and repeatable, by administering medications over extended periods of time. Patients choose this approach for a number of reasons, including as affordability, ease of transportation, efficacy, perceived safety, and patient acceptability. The gastrointestinal system's variety results in several physiological limitations for oral delivery. Additionally, a number of variables alter along the gastrointestinal system, all of which affect how well drugs are absorbed. The most crucial factors are surface area, pH, commensal bacteria, gastrointestinal transit time, and enzyme activity. An ideal medication delivery system should have two basic characteristics: one, it should be a single dose for the duration of the therapy, and two, the active medicine should be delivered directly to the site of action. To provide drug delivery systems that, by releasing the medicine in a regulated and predictable way, may reduce side effects, dosage frequency, and changes in plasma drug concentration while remaining in the stomach for an extended amount of time and maintaining active plasma drug concentration. One of the special characteristics of the system is the gastroretentive drug delivery mechanism (GRDDS). New medication delivery techniques continue to spark interest even though oral controlled release dose forms are the most often manufactured. Drugs are rapidly removed from the systemic circulation due to their short half-life and ease of absorption from the GI tract. For these medications to have sufficient therapeutic effectiveness, frequent dosing is required.
Overview: Article on Extended-Release Tablet
Authors: Dr. Sachine V. Datkhile  , Anjali D. Yadav
Published: February 2025

The usage of pan coating was justified in large firms because of the size of their product batches. A comparatively small number of people might economically coat thousands of pills or tablets. today. Pharmaceutical coatings have entered a new age. Tablet coating developed into what it is now over the first half of this century. Over the past century, there hasn't been much change in glaze bread. Stainless steel has taken the place of copper pans, which were once used in confectionary. The process of applying an exterior dry layer on a chosen dosage form, like granules or tablets, in order to accomplish a particular goal, like taste masking or environmental protection, is known as the coating process. Dyes, flavours, gums, resins, waxes, and plasticisers are examples of coating materials. Nowadays, the most common coating materials are polymers and polysaccharides, combined with additives like colours and plasticisers. The FC technique should be used to coat tablets that are prone to oxidative deterioration and moisture. The durability and mask will be enhanced by this process. forms a smooth shell that is simple to swallow and conceals bitterness. The pills were coated with various mucoadhesiveness polymers, and chitosan stuck to them. creation of a coating technique to target long-term release of active substances and penetrate mucosal membranes. Coating was first conceptualised in antiquity. Psyllium was initially utilised by Rhazes to cover up the flavour of the tablets. Avicenna reportedly applied gold and silver coatings on the tablets
Pedagogías emergentes desde un enfoque de educación 4.0
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Guachichullca Ordóñez Laura Alexandra , Banda Poma Boris Patricio ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: February 2025

Los avances tecnológicos han dado lugar a la transformación de nuestra sociedad en lo que hoy conocemos como la “sociedad de la información”. Este cambio ha tenido un profundo impacto en la forma en que generamos innovación y en la evolución de las interacciones sociales. Sin embargo, en medio de esta dinámica, la institución educativa se enfrenta a desafíos continuos en su papel tradicional.
Una mirada introspectiva al procedimiento parlamentario desde la sociología de la organización
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala, Granda Granda Alba Violeta , Sánchez Flores Francisco Samuel ,   Universidad Técnica de Machala
Published: February 2025

La sociología de la organización hace referencia a la forma como los miembros de la sociedad se han ido agrupando para satisfacer sus necesidades básica comunes inherentes al ser humano, y para cum-plir con sus propósitos los diversos grupos sociales han ido estable-ciendo varias normas que rigen su comportamiento en los diferentes momentos del desarrollo histórico en un contexto social determina-do, las mismas que permiten armonizar su convivencia.
Фразеологические единицы китайского языка, содержащие концепт “счастье”, и особенности их перевода на русский язык
Authors: Карманова С.А. , Лю Шушуай
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается уникальное явление китайского языка — чэнъюи(фразеологические единицы китайского языка) и их сложность в переводе на русский язык. Основное внимание уделяется фразеологизмам, связанным с концептом “счастье”. Исследование направлено на разработку комплексного подхода к переводу, учитывающему лингвистические и культурные аспекты. В работе применяются методы контекстологии, вариационного анализа и компликативный метод для выявления особенностей перевода. Результаты показывают, что фразеологизмы о счастье имеют глубокие философские и культурные корни, а подходы к переводу варьируются от буквального до комбинированного в зависимости от культурного контекста. Выявление эквивалентности при переводе также становится значительным аспектом, подчеркивающим культурные различия. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для переводчиков и специалистов в области межкультурной коммуникации.

The article considers the unique phenomenon of the Chinese language — chengyu (phraseological units of the Chinese language) and their complexity in translation into Russian. The main attention is paid to the phraseological units connected with the concept of happiness. The research is aimed to develop a comprehensive approach to translation, taking into account linguistic and cultural aspects. In the process of analysis, the methods of contextology, variation analysis and complimentary method are taken to identify the peculiarities of translation. The results show that phraseological phrases about happiness have deep philosophical and cultural roots, and translation approaches vary from literal to combined, depending on the cultural context. Identifying equivalence in translation also becomes a significant aspect that emphasizes cultural differences. The results of the study can be useful for translators and professionals in the field of intercultural communication.
Got it right up front? Further evidence for parallel graded prediction during prenominal article processing in a self-paced reading study
Authors: Haeuser Katja I. , Borovsky Arielle
Published: February 2025

Recent studies suggest that language users generate and maintain multiple predictions in parallel, especially in tasks that explicitly instruct participants to generate predictions. Here, we investigated the possibility of parallel gradedness of linguistic predictions in a simple reading task, using a new measure—imbalance—that captures the probabilistic difference between multiple sentence completions. We focus on prenominal gender-marked articles in German to obtain prediction-specific effects. Native speakers of German read predictable or unpredictable gender-marked nouns that were preceded by prediction-consistent or -inconsistent prenominal articles. Sentence frames either biased expectations more strongly toward the most likely continuation of the sentence, or balanced expectations between the first and second most likely continuation. The results showed reading facilitation for gender-marked articles when sentences were more biased but slowing when sentences were more balanced, irrespective of article predictability. We conclude that readers issue multiple prenominal predictions and weigh them according to their likelihood, providing evidence for parallel gradedness of prenominal predictions. The results are discussed in light of theoretical models on prediction and rational sentence processing.
COMPARISON OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN BETWEEN COLD STEEL DISSECTION METHOD WITH BIPOLAR DIATHERMY METHOD OF TONSILLECTOMY
Authors: Safi Muhammad Saleem , Ahsan Junaid , Irfan Sidra , Khalil Hassan , Inamullah Muzna
Published: February 2025

Background: Tonsillectomy is performed to relieve the patients from repeated attacks of recurrent tonsillitis. Post-tonsillectomy pain lasts for 8 to 10 days. Postoperative complications like pain after tonsillectomy can lead to more burden on hospital settings and patient’s resources. Materials and methods: A hospital-based comparative study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar between June 1, 2019, and Jan 23, 2022, after obtaining ethical approval from the ethical board of HMC. A total of 236 patients were selected and divided into two equal groups of 118 each, labelled as A and B byconsecutive sampling technique. Patients in group A were operated on by the cold steel dissection method while group B by the bipolar diathermy method of tonsillectomy and were assessed for postoperative pain on Visual Analogue Score (VAS). The intensity of pain on VAS was measured after the 6th postoperative hour. Independent t-test for 2 samples was used to compare mean pain scores between the groupsandone-way ANOVA test for the differences of pain scores among different age groups.Results: Bipolar diathermy electro dissection has mean post-operative pain of 7.62±1.79 on VAS as compared to cold steel technique with mean pain of 5.41±2.42 which was then analyzed using independent t-test and was found to be statistically significant with p-value <0.001. One-way ANOVA was used to see differences in pain scores among different age groups in groups A and B, which showed a significant difference in pain scores with a p-value <0.04.Conclusion: The Diathermy method of tonsillectomy caused more pain compared to the cold steel method. Pain scores among the two groups increase with age.Keywords: Cold Steel dissection, Bipolar Diathermy, Tonsillectomy, VAS pain score
MONKEY POX, A NEW PANDEMIC ON THE MEDICAL HORIZON.
Authors: Hussain Asif
Published: February 2025

MONKEY POX, A NEW PANDEMIC ON THE MEDICAL HORIZON.
REDUCTIONINOPERATING ROOMTURNOVERTIMEIS ASUCCESSFULSTRATEGYTOIMPROVETHE EFFICACY OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: Iram Khosa Fareha , Parvaiz Anam
Published: February 2025

REDUCTIONINOPERATING ROOMTURNOVERTIMEIS ASUCCESSFULSTRATEGYTOIMPROVETHE EFFICACY OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
EFFICACY OF MICRO NEEDLINGIN PATIENTS WITH POST-ACNESCARRING
Authors: Azeem Ammara , Ahsan Uzma , Khan Sameena
Published: February 2025

Background: Multiple minimally invasive sessions of skin micro-needling are an effective treatment for post-acne scars as it stimulates the repair processes with the advantage of being a relatively risk-free, in-office procedure with minimal patient recovery time. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of micro-needling for the treatment ofpatients with post-acne scars presenting to tertiary care hospitals.Material and Methods: It was a Quasi-experimentalstudy conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Sharif Medical City Hospital, Lahore. The studywas carried out over a period of six months from 26-05-2019 to 25-11-2019.The sample size of 83 cases was calculated using a 95% confidence level, 10% margin of error and taking an expected percentage of effectiveness of micro-needling as 31%. Non-probability consecutive samplingwas used.Results:Patients ranged between 18-35years of age.Patients with acne scars ingrade 3 and grade 4 were enrolled in the study based on Goodman and Baron grading system.As regards baseline grades of acne scars, 45 patients (54.2%) were having grade III and 38 patients (45.8%) had grade IVacne scars. At the end of treatment,40 patients (88.88%) having grade III scars showed improvement in their grades whereas 5 patients (11.11%) showed no improvement according to the set definition. There wasa total of 38 patients (45.8%) presenting with grade IV acne scars of which 32 patients (84.21%) showed improvement by 2 grades whereas 6 patients (15.78%) did not meet the desired results.Conclusion:The efficacy of micro-needlingwas found in 72 patients(86.7%).Key Words: Acne vulgaris, Wound healing, Fibroblasts
FENUGREEK TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME: AN IN-SILICO EVALUATION TO EXPLORE THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF QUERCETIN
Authors: Bashir Imtiaz , Zahid Maheen , Mumtaz Aymen , Malik Bisma , Mushtaq Aniqa , Imran Hafsa , Ijaz Farhat , Khurram Aftab Rana
Published: February 2025

Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a fairly common condition that affects both endocrine and metabolic systems. It affects women of reproductive age of all ethnicity and race. Only a small number of females are diagnosed with it.There is a good percentage of people who are still not diagnosed because of a lack of good diagnostic criteria and varying symptoms among different individuals.Fenugreek is an herb that contains many constituents including Quercetin. It helps in the regulation of steroidogenesis.Material and Methods: Molecular docking of Quercetin with insulin receptor substrate 1, follicle-stimulatinghormone receptor and androgen receptor wasperformed using Autodock4. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties were calculated by using smile notation in the Swiss ADME web-based tool. The Bioavailability Score was calculated using Mol-inspiration web-based tool.Results: The study shows that Quercetin is having best binding capacity with the androgen receptor and also shows good binding affinity with FSH receptors and Insulin receptors.This indicates Quercetin can have a positive effect on PCOS.Conclusion: We can concludethat Quercetin is helpful for the treatment of PCOS. KeyWords: Quercetin, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Diabetes mellitus
OLD AGE HOMES PERSPECTIVE: SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LIFE SATISFACTION INSIGHTS FROM THE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
Authors: Safdar Muhammad , Ilyas Amna , Hussain Mussarat , Ahmed Umair , Faiz Tahira , Khan Ajmal
Published: February 2025

Background: Problems relating to old age are on the rise in many countries. Toget a wider view of the existing situation in Pakistan, this study explored the relationship between social support and its effects on satisfaction in life in the older population residing in old-age homes. Efforts of non-governmental organizationsin Pakistan are increasing day by day in the fields of medical, social, financial, psychological, physical, public interests and all other factors to decrease maltreatment of the elderly. But in present days, the situation towards older adults has been changed by our society. The reason behind their homelessness is the attitude of family, friends and other social contacts. The current study, aimed to find a correlation between social support and life satisfaction.Material and Methods: Two scales, Satisfaction with Life developed by Ed., Diener (1985) and Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support developed by Zimetet al. (1988), were used on 90 older adults for this purpose. Men and women were selected equally within the age range of 60 and above years. A sample was selected from three urban areas of Punjab Province (Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Sargodha).Data was entered in SPSS. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation was applied.Results:The results showed that elderly females and males show no differences in life satisfaction (M = 13.65, SD = 3.0) as compared to males (M =14.4, SD = 3.3). Statistical analysis of the correlation between life satisfaction and perceived social support was found to be significantly correlated.Conclusion:Findings from the study showed a significant correlation between life satisfaction and social support.KeyWords: Social Support, Aging, Life satisfaction
DENGUE VERSUS CHIKUNGUNYA: LESSER KNOWN FACTS
Authors: Chaudhary Saadia
Published: February 2025

DENGUE VERSUS CHIKUNGUNYA: LESSER KNOWN FACTS
SPECTRUM OF ORGANISMS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION(UTI)IN CHILDREN IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Anwar Huma , Yousaf Asadullah , Khalid Hareem , Chaudhary Saadia , Batool Raza Afsheen , Tahir Madiha
Published: February 2025

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI)is among the top causes of bacterial infections in children of younger age groups. There isa variety of microorganisms causing UTIs; among them,the more common causative organisms are from intestinal flora 80-90% of cases.MaterialandMethods:Study was conducted using urine samples of 205 children of both gender who presented for the first time with UTIin children hospital Lahore from Dec 1,2020 to 30th may 2021. Urine samples were tested for causative microorganisms with the use of CLED agar.Result:The mean age of children in this study sample was2.4 yearsfrom 0 to 5 years.Out of 205 samples 64.9%Escherichia coli, 14.6% Klebsiella spp,12.2% Gram positive urine pathogens,6.8% Gram negative uropathogens wereobserved.Conclusions:In children age <5years,Escherichiacoli tops the list of UTI causing organisms followed by klebsiella spp, gram positive and gram negative uropathogens.Key Words:Urinary tract infection, urinalysis,Escherichia coli
KAWASAKI’S DISEASE
Authors: Aslam Nida , Ahmed Muhammad Babar , Zahra Wafa , Ali Mehak , Ali Agha Shabir
Published: February 2025

Kawasaki Disease is a medium vessel vasculitis. It occurs commonlyin children under5 yearsof ageand has a propensity of affecting the coronary arteries. The etiology and the pathogenesis of this disease arenot known yet, but the major contributorsare genetic factors, immune reactions and infections. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is based on clinical manifestations that appear on a temporal sequence. This disease is self-limiting in most cases, but it can lead to severe complications such as coronary artery aneurysmsor thrombo-embolic events in up to 25% of the cases. Once the disease has been acquired prompt recognition and early treatment can be a lifesaverfor the patients. Intravenous immune globulin(IVIG)and aspirin remained the treatment of choice for such patients.Key Words:Coronary aneurysms,Lymph node, Vasculitis
EFFECT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA ON FERTILITY PARAMETERS IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Authors: Tabbsum Maimona , Nasrullah Chaman , Mufti Maria , Yasin Babar , Zareen Saima , Saleem Fareha
Published: February 2025

Background: Both industrialized and developing nations are experiencing an increase in lipid metabolic problems brought on by poor eating practices, which have an adverse effect on sperm quality and quantity. The oxidative stress, one of the most significant factors affecting the male gametes and linked to infertility, is a general characteristic of hyperlipidemia. This study aimedto determine the effects of a high fat diet on serum testosterone levels, sperm count and sperm motility in male albino rats.Material and Methods: In this randomized control trial, 60 male albino rats were classified into two groups (groupsA and B). Group A was a control group, and hyperlipidemia was induced in group B rats by adding1% cholesterol and 15% palm oil tostandard chow for four weeks. After four weeks,blood was taken through cardiac puncture for lipid profile and serum testosterone levels measurement. Semen was collected from cauda epididymis for sperm count and sperm motility. Data wereanalyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: In hyperlipidemic rats,serum testosterone, sperm count and sperm motility were significantly decreased with p-value= 0.03, 0.001, 0.028 respectively, compared to group A rats. Conclusion: Decrease in testosterone, sperm count and motility after hyperlipidemia indicates itsnegative effects on male fertility Key Words: Hyperlipidemia, High fat diet, Sperm count, Sperm motility