bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interior decorating in nineteenth-century France
Authors: Lasc Anca I.
Published: January 2019

This book analyzes the early stages of the interior design profession as articulated within the circles involved in the decoration of the private home in the second half of nineteenth-century France. It argues that the increased presence of the modern, domestic interior in the visual culture of the nineteenth century enabled the profession to take shape. Upholsterers, cabinet-makers, architects, stage designers, department stores, taste advisors, collectors, and illustrators, came together to “sell” the idea of the unified interior as an image and a total work of art. The ideal domestic interior took several media as its outlet, including taste manuals, pattern books, illustrated magazines, art and architectural exhibitions, and department store catalogs. The chapters outline the terms of reception within which the work of each professional group involved in the appearance and design of the nineteenth-century French domestic interior emerged and focus on specific works by members of each group. If Chapter 1 concentrates on collectors and taste advisors, outlining the new definitions of the modern interior they developed, Chapter 2 focuses on the response of upholsterers, architects, and cabinet-makers to the same new conceptions of the ideal private interior. Chapter 3 considers the contribution of the world of entertainment to the field of interior design while Chapter 4 moves into the world of commerce to study how department stores popularized the modern interior with the middle classes. Chapter 5 returns to architects to understand how their engagement with popular journals shaped new interior decorating styles.
‘Small portals’: Marvell’s Horatian Ode, print culture, and literary history
Authors: Raymond Joad
Published: January 2019

In recent decades, literary critics have explored the arena of early modern print culture with increasing enthusiasm. Scholars have identified a wealth of allusions to wider print culture in canonical texts, and begun to map a stratum of public language, the language of pamphlets, newspapers and political discourse, with which literature traffics, picks up and discards in its periods. Sometimes this has been framed in terms of putting literature in a modified version of a Habermasian ‘public sphere’. Less attention has been paid to the – surely necessary and complementary – processes of ‘separation’ and ‘transformation’, if those are the right words. We know that literary texts borrow, appropriate, refashion these other texts, and we know that literary texts sometimes seek to rise above the fray by professing a disdain for the demotic, but how do these texts manage practically to maintain a distance while absorbing? Focusing on Marvell’s great Horatian Ode, the present chapter seeks to illuminate the interconnections between the languages of literature, political argument and journalism. In so doing, it begins to give a new account of the separation between print culture and literary writing, of the valves that govern the movement of words and their aesthetic potential.
Marvell discovers the public sphere
Authors: McKeon Michael
Published: January 2019

As formulated by Jürgen Habermas, the public sphere is a realm of communication that mediates between the actual discourse of private individuals and, largely through print, virtual public communication. The idea of the public sphere has attracted an extraordinary amount of attention from scholars of early modern and eighteenth-century studies, many of whom silently endorse it by incorporating the term into their description of public commentary and debate. Others affirm or challenge the existence of a public sphere by reference to the conditions that are said to engender it, the degree of its inclusivity, or the timing of its emergence. If these might be called questions about the external constitution of the public sphere, the present chapter asks if we can discover ‘internal’ evidence of its existence: an emergent awareness that there is something about the virtuality of printed discourse that both sophisticates and complicates what it means to communicate with others. The chapter’s argument is that in adapting Buckingham’s farce (The Rehearsal, acted 1671) to his own polemic against Samuel Parker (The Rehearsal Transpros’d, 1672, 1673), Marvell finds in his self-conscious concern with the verbal techniques of figuration, accommodation, and parody a model for the hypothesis of a public sphere.
Extraordinarily ordinary: Nehemiah Wallington’s experimental method
Authors: Lynch Kathleen
Published: January 2019

The nature of note-taking is a renewed subject of scholarly inquiry – whether in service of humanistic eloquence, Baconian scientific practice, an aid to memory, or an early stage of writing. Messy notebooks give us access to a range of organisational strategies for managing knowledge, many of them improvisational, many evolving out of older humanistic practices. This chapter analyses the surviving evidence of Nehemiah Wallington’s four decades of devotional note-taking. Wallington exemplifies the godly practices of non-elite, lay cultures, but he does so as both an early adopter and a sustained practitioner. Two elements of his observational method emerge in ‘An Extract of severall passages in my life’: a juxtaposition of organizational schemes – one chronological, the other topical – and a habitual commitment to the bound blank book. Collectively and over time, his books constitute a memory palace – with size and colour of covers and pages operating mnemonically. By attending to such texts, we can also achieve a fuller understanding of early modern reading and writing practices.
Understanding experience: subjectivity, sex, and suffering in early modern England
Authors: Hirst Derek
Published: January 2019

It comes as little surprise that Andrew Marvell in his verse should have endangered as well as touched with eros the figure of the child, though the potential implications often escape attention. We tell ourselves that our attitudes to what we call child abuse are distinctively modern, but how different might early modern imaginings have been? To address that unsettling question, this chapter considers seventeenth-century applications of familiar categories like ‘child’ and ‘abuse’. Focusing on the position of the tutor – well known of course to Marvell – and on passages in the schoolroom, it finds in print controversy signs of early modern awareness of what seemed then, as now, an unmistakably sexualised violence, with its predatory gratifications and its shame. The conclusion, that some contemporaries could apprehend and even articulate not just suffering but even subjectivity, can only further perplex the question of Marvell’s sexual identity and the meaning for him of the child.
Visibility
Authors: Paxton Naomi
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores how members of the Actresses' Franchise League displayed their support for the suffrage movement in public space, and how such displays were an important and highly visible public and private strategy that encouraged collective action and activism and saw League members campaign directly on the streets, particularly through processions and the selling of suffrage newspapers. The plays and articles that emerged as part of this visibility give a new perspective on how actresses interacted with the public and how they reflected upon it themselves, and this chapter looks in detail at how interactions between the public and suffragists were absorbed into the performative strategies of the campaign, both on stage and in print. This chapter also details the way the theatrical newspaper the Era represented the campaign and the League to its readership.
The Korean War in Britain
Authors: Huxford Grace
Published: January 2019

The Korean War in Britain explores the social and cultural impact of the Korean War (1950–53) on Britain. Coming just five years after the ravages of the Second World War, Korea was a deeply unsettling moment in post-war British history. When North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950, Britons worried about a return to total war and the prospect of atomic warfare. As the war progressed, British people grew uneasy about the conduct of the war. From American ‘germ’ warfare allegations to anxiety over Communist use of ‘brainwashing’, the Korean War precipitated a series of short-lived panics in 1950s Britain. But by the time of its uneasy ceasefire in 1953, the war was becoming increasingly forgotten, with more attention paid to England’s cricket victory at the Ashes than to returning troops. Using Mass Observation surveys, letters, diaries and a wide range of under-explored contemporary material, this book charts the war’s changing position in British popular imagination, from initial anxiety in the summer of 1950 through to growing apathy by the end of the war and into the late-twentieth century. Built around three central concepts – citizenship, selfhood and forgetting –The Korean War in Britain connects a critical moment in Cold War history to post-war Britain, calling for a more integrated approach to Britain’s Cold War past. It explores the war a variety of viewpoints – conscript, POW, protestor and veteran – to offer the first social history of this ‘forgotten war’. It is essential reading for anyone interested in Britain’s post-1945 history.
How to bring the boys home: Popular opposition to the Korean War
Authors: Huxford Grace
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the actions of opponents to the Korean War, the consequences for the British state and how British people felt about such forthright critics of the war. This chapter first starts by analysing the heavily criticised Communist Party of Great Britain. It unpicks the central elements of Communist opposition to the war and the largely poor reception their campaign received. This chapter nevertheless highlights the cultural tenacity and appeal of one recurring component of British Communist opposition – anti-Americanism. This sentiment chimed with other strands of post-war British culture and set the tone for later protest movements and cultural responses to Americanisation in the second half of the twentieth century. This chapter also explores instances of frontline resistance from British servicemen, showing how servicemen and others in Korea - most notably war correspondents - were appalled by the level of violence directed at the civilian population. It examines allegations of biological or ‘germ’ warfare put forth by the ‘Red Dean of Canterbury’ Hewlett Johnson (1874-1966) and the scientist Joseph Needham (1900-95), before concluding with a detailed examination of the infamous town planner Monica Felton, who visited North Korea during the war.
Forgetting Korea: The Korean War in popular memory, 1953–2014
Authors: Huxford Grace
Published: January 2019

This chapter suggests that the awkward nature, purpose and outcome of the Korean War led to its relative neglect in British history and popular culture, unlike in the United States where both its anti-Communist rhetoric and proximity to the Vietnam War gave its veterans greater prominence. Together with its distance from Britain, unclear war aims and the growing dominance of the Second World War in British culture, charted in the other chapters of this book, this final chapter examines the ‘forgotten’ war in the context of post-1953 British history. It first examines the significance of forgetting war in the twentieth century, before turning to Korea’s cultural history in the post-1953 era and the lives and attitudes of its ‘forgotten’ veterans. It suggests that Britain’s Korean War veterans have a unique degree of agency as guardians of this war.
Nursing work and nurses’ space in the Second World War: a gendered construction
Authors: Brooks Jane
Published: January 2019

The introduction contextualises the Second World War and the position of nurses within it. It argues that the developments in weapons’ manufacture and transport technologies created a war in which mass killing and maiming could be achieved across the globe. The injuries and diseases caused by the mobility of troops and modern weaponry demanded a highly responsive medical service close to the action. This introductory chapter therefore provides a frame for the book within the historiography of wartime medical services, women’s participation in war and that of nurses more specifically. Negotiating Nursing uses written and oral testimony to explore the work and experiences of nurses on active service overseas. The introduction examines the nature of the sources and the value of personal testimony to the history of Second World War military nursing.
Reasserting work, space and gender boundaries at the end of the Second World War
Authors: Brooks Jane
Published: January 2019

The chapter considers the civilian world into which the Q.A.s returned at the end of the war and explores the options they faced. It begins with the immediate aftermath of war and the opportunities for interesting and worthwhile work that would only exacerbate the nursing sisters’ difficulties on demobilisation. This is followed by a consideration of the return to Britain and the options open for professional practice. The chapter argues that for some the option of interesting work remained, either in the colonial service or the military. However the main professional opening for returning nurses was the crisis ridden civilian hospital system that wanted and recruited cheap, malleable workers; this was not an attractive choice for demobbed nursing sisters. The chapter argues that despite nursing being a female dominated profession, the ideology that encouraged women to return to the home in the aftermath of war had significant ramifications for demobilised nurses. The social structure precluded married women from working outside the home and funds for postgraduate training available to returning male doctors were not offered to nurses. As the chapter maintains, most nursing sisters married, leaving the profession without their considerable talents and new ways of practicing.
Building reputations
Authors: Lucey Conor
Published: January 2019

This book advances an innovative look at a well known, if arguably often misunderstood, historic building typology: the eighteenth-century brick terraced (or row) house. Created for the upper tier of the social spectrum, these houses were largely designed and built by what is customarily regarded as the lower tier of the architectural hierarchy; that is, by artisan communities of bricklayers, carpenters, plasterers and related tradesmen. From London and Dublin to Boston and Philadelphia, these houses collectively formed the streets and squares that became the links and pivots of ‘enlightened’ city plans, and remain central to their respective historic and cultural identities. But while the scenographic quality of Bath and the stuccoed interiors of Dublin have long enjoyed critical approbation, the ‘typical’ house is understood less in terms of design and more in terms of production: consequently, historians have emphasized the commercial motivations of this artisan class at the expense of how they satisfied the demands of an elite, and taste-conscious, real estate market. Drawing on extensive primary source material, from property deeds and architectural drawings to trade cards and newspaper advertising, this book rehabilitates the status of the house builder by examining his negotiation of both the manual and intellectual dimensions of the building process. For the first time, Building Reputations considers the artisan as both a figure of building production and an agent of architectural taste.
Building sales: advertising and the property market
Authors: Lucey Conor
Published: January 2019

Having examined the building and decorating of the urban house, this chapter explores how the artisan approached marketing and selling real estate. As the first sustained analysis of property advertising in the eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Atlantic world, this chapter first considers how regional variations and social demographics (aristocratic audiences in London and Dublin compared with merchant audiences in Boston and Philadelphia) dictated the form and content of property notices, reflecting on issues such as location, quality of structural and decorative finish, convenience, and decorum. But while house-building and house-selling were principally economic activities, representing the motivating force for building mechanics to enter the real estate market, the evidence from property advertisements reveals that builders were cognizant of the semantics of advertising rhetoric and employed a vocabulary that emulated that of auctioneers, luxury goods manufacturers and other polite retailers.
Making social democrats
Authors: Nuttall Jeremy , Schattle Hans
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter sets out the main purposes of the book, which assesses some of the major dilemmas of British social democracy, both historical and contemporary. It argues that social democracy is as much about cultures and mindsets as it is about economic policy or public institutions. That points to the importance of education, democratisation, and relationships as under-valued tools in social democracy, which must raise horizons as much as pay packets. It also suggests the need for social democrats to re-visit their relationship with ‘the people’, both so as to be better in tune with their aspirations, and to be able to forge an optimistic agenda which challenges both government and governed to raise their sights. The book is written in honour of the leading social democratic thinker, David Marquand, and this chapter charts Marquand’s life and work, and assesses and critiques his contribution.
Social democracy and the people
Authors: Nuttall Jeremy
Published: January 2019

Jeremy Nuttall’s chapter examines the many-sided relationship between social democracy and ‘the people’ in Britain. Standing up for ordinary people is the very purpose of social democracy, and yet the people have frequently seemed to social democrats a disappointment. Yet, the chapter also suggests that scholars and political analysts tend to under-play the extent to which progressivism and the voters have managed to operate in constructive harmony in the past, and the potential in the present moment for them to do so again. For all the contemporary allure of populism, the British people have been, and are, on the whole, better than some of the worst sentiments aroused by the ‘Brexit’ project indicate, and their better instincts are open to more forward-looking political agendas. The chapter also contends, however, that channelling this more progressive side of the people will require social democrats to raise their game, too.
British liberalism in search of ideological recalibration
Authors: Freeden Michael
Published: January 2019

In chapter three, Michael Freeden probes the divisions within liberalism whilst also addressing their implications for social democracy. Tracing liberalism’s, and especially New and social liberalism’s distinctive offer of a fusion between social interdependence and individualism, Freeden assesses the failure of this liberalism to become the over-arching driver of twentieth-century politics. Too often, liberalism remained divided between its two wings, and insufficiently intellectually bold and imaginative in building on the ideological syntheses that L.T. Hobhouse, in particular, had articulated in the early part of the century. Such visions had been unable fully to break through amidst alternative, more technocratic conceptions of the state, or adulations of the market, as well as the sheer magnitude of the challenges of the historical day to day. Nonetheless, Freeden sees two grounds for optimism. One is that liberalism has enjoyed a greater, albeit somewhat covert influence than the rather limited later twentieth-century electoral success of the Liberal Party implies. Secondly, the resilience and durability of liberalism has been under-estimated, and it may well prove its fortitude at this contemporary populist moment.
A Marquandian moment? The civic republican political theory of David Marquand
Authors: White Stuart
Published: January 2019

Stuart White shifts the critical scrutiny, in chapter six, to the extensive body of thought from David Marquand on citizenship, and especially Marquand’s civic republican vision for a far more energised and engaged public in Britain. At the nexus of citizenship and democracy, in Marquand’s thinking, is public deliberation in the search for a common good as well as the public embrace of duties alongside rights. White argues that the beleaguered United Kingdom, at present, is ripe for a ‘Marquandian moment’ that would help usher in a new configuration of governing institutions, along the lines of federalism and pluralism. White cautions, however, that civic republican processes of public deliberation and responsive decision-making do not necessarily yield social democratic outcomes. Civic republicans can just as easily lean toward conservativism or a radically individualistic brand of liberalism. In light of this, White maintains that today’s social democrats need to focus on rendering state institutions more accessible and accountable to the myriad interests of the public, and that the English, in particular, need to cultivate a civic nationalism that will enable England’s increasingly diverse population to shape a newly unifying, socially inclusive political narrative.
Principles and the progressive alliance in a networked society: what we can learn from Marquandism in the making and unmaking of social democrats
Authors: Lawson Neal
Published: January 2019

Neal Lawson probes the historical reasons why the ethically-driven, pluralist politics espoused by Marquand has yet to be fully adopted and assesses its relevance to the present. For much of the twentieth century, he argues, a mechanistic politics (and economics) were variously reflected in the power of, and importance attached to the state, the big company, the political ‘centre’, hierarchy and the machine. Fordism and Fabianism went hand in hand, but in the early twenty-first century they have given way to an uncertain situation in which capitalism is discredited, yet social democracy has not worked out a persuasive alternative. The need, in Lawson’s eyes, is to bend modernity to social democratic values, neither ignoring modernity, like Jeremy Corbyn, not bending the values to modernity, as with Tony Blair. The less hierarchical, more communicationally and informationally connected modern society offers grounds for optimism about the prospects for more democratic and egalitarian approaches. However, this must entail making moral choices, in favour of Marquand’s vision of active citizenship over turbo-consumerism.
Not just any social democracy: ‘Marquandism’ and the primacy of pluralism and republicanism
Authors: Schattle Hans , Nuttall Jeremy
Published: January 2019

This concluding chapter assesses whether it is possible to speak of Marquandism’ as a coherent whole. Noting the diversity and breadth of Marquand’s thought as one of its most distinctive features, the chapter concludes that it is nonetheless possible to identify an enduring consistency and coherence. This lies in Marquand’s commitment to, and exploration of the intertwined themes of pluralism, republicanism and social democracy. Underlying all of them is a commitment to greater equity and inclusion, but also to the need for ‘the people’ themselves to be active participants, ‘mutual learners’ in the process of their own progressive advance.
Are you scared to get punky? Indie pop, fanzines and punk rock
Authors: Dale Pete
Published: January 2019

The connection between punk and what became known as ‘indie’ were evident in the latter’s commitment to an ethos of DIY. Fanzines were very much part of this, a link that Pete dale makes explicit by examining the politics and meanings ascribed to music and fanzine production within the indie scene.
Contradictory self-definition and organisation: the punk scene in Munich, 1979–82
Authors: Siebengartner Karl
Published: January 2019

Karl Siebengartner demonstrates the function of fanzines within a local space, while also shedding light on the inner-workings of a particular punk milieu. By using Munich and its punk fanzines as a case study, the chapter challenges assumptions as to the development and influence of German punk. Methodologically, Siebengartner argues, fanzines offer a crucial resource for constructing a view from within this metropolitan subculture.
‘The skin of words’: trauma and skin in Watt
Authors: Tsushima Michiko
Published: January 2019

Michiko Tsushima’s chapter discloses the relationship between trauma and skin in considering Watt as a ‘skin of words’ woven by Beckett—a psychic skin that he tried to recover—and, at the same time, as something that reveals the ‘force and truth’ of trauma. First, with the help of Didier Anzieu’s concept of ‘the Skin Ego’, Tsushima explores the possibility that Beckett’s act of writing Watt can be considered an attempt to recover the psychic skin by weaving a ‘skin of words’. This act of writing has a therapeutic aspect. She also argues that Watt explores the ‘force and truth’ of trauma which cannot be resolved or assimilated. Tsushima shows how the ‘force and truth’ of trauma manifests itself as a violence to the surface of language, a force that disrupts the apparatus of linguistic representation.
Smiling tigers: trauma, sexuality and creaturely life in Echo’s Bones
Authors: Carville Conor
Published: January 2019

In analysing ‘Sanies I’ and ‘Serena II’ meticulously, with special attention to the animal imagery, Conor Carville in this chapter links Otto Rank’s theory of the trauma of birth with Eric Santner’s recent idea of ‘creaturely life’ – the life that is exposed to biopolitical power at moments of trauma. Trauma is here considered as constitutive of the subject, not an exceptional phenomenon, and also as providing the raw material for biopolitical power. In the process of Carville’s analyses emerge hitherto uncharted networks concerning Beckett’s fixation on the trauma of birth and the contemporary biopolitical concerns with birth, reproduction and population in Ireland and Britain. Carville’s article not only provides original close readings of those difficult poems in the light of Rank but also illustrates how a highly personal unease about sexual identity caused by birth trauma can be connected to the biopolitical discourses by the use of Santner’s idea of ‘creaturely life’ that itself draws on the ideas of Benjamin, Foucault, Lacan, Agamben and other theorists.
Communism and anti-Communism in early Cold War Italy
Authors: Mariuzzo Andrea
Published: January 2019

The struggle in projects, ideas and symbols between the strongest Communist Party in the West and an anti-Communist and pro-Western government coalition was the most peculiar founding element of the Italian democratic political system after World War II. Until now, most historians have focused their attention on political parties as the only players in the competition for the making of political orientations and civic identities in Italian public opinion. Others have considered Italian political struggle in the 1940s and 1950s in terms of the polarisation between Communism and organized Catholicism, due to the undoubted importance of the Church in Italian culture and social relations. This book enlarges the view, looking at new aspects and players of the anti-Communist ‘front’. It takes into account the role of cultural associations, newspapers and the popular press in the selection and diffusion of critical judgements and images of Communism, highlighting a dimension that explains the force of anti-communist opinions in Italy after 1989 and the crisis of traditional parties. The author also places the case of Italian Cold War anti-Communism in an international context for the first time.
Freedom and democracy
Authors: Mariuzzo Andrea
Published: January 2019

This chapter explains the importance of the values of freedom and democracy in the Cold War struggle between Italian Communists and anti-Communists. As soon as Cold War tensions broke down the ‘national unity’ of anti-fascist forces, both fronts claimed to be the exclusive representatives of ‘true’ democracy, and compared their competitor with the defeated fascist enemy. The Socialist-Communist alliance acquired the programme of ‘progressive’ (or ‘people’s’) democracy inspired by the experiments in Central-Eastern Europe, and made it the base for its opposition to the supposed Christian-Democratic ‘restoration’ of a new ‘reactionary clerical fascism’, along with the defense of the guarantees for parliamentary opposition established by the republican Constitution of 1948. The anti-Communist front, on its side, found strong unifying motifs in the description of Soviet dictatorship and the ‘sovietization’ of the countries occupied by the Red Army filtered beyond the Iron Curtain, and in their comparison with ‘totalitarian’ experiences lived by Italians in the past years.
‘The word is incest’:1 Narrative, affect and judgement in and across the Lolitas
Authors: Pateman Matthew
Published: January 2019

Through intertext, adaptation, nominative re-births and epiphanies, Lolita (1955) enacts a kind of incestuous narcissism, a self-consuming act of libidinality and linguistic desire that offers a fantasy of self-exculpation and discovery, a narrative of abuse and trauma, and a meta-fiction that revels in the performative perversions its characters suffer from. Each part of the novel is born of an incestuous relationship with an earlier (part of the) text, every subsequent re-statement of Lolita carries this textual-familial weight.This essay frames an analysis of the novel and its two filmic daughters in the light of these three strands: a realist fantasy of a man’s maniac relationship with a girl who becomes his daughter and sexual partner; his ‘confession’, her distorted trauma tale; the various formal, stylistic, intertextual “incests” that stand in dizzying juxtaposition to the ‘ethical impact’ assigned to it by the pre-facing John Ray Jr.
‘[B]orn to make a real life, however it cracks your heart’:1 Creative women and daydreaming in Margo Lanagan’s Tender Morsels (2008)
Authors: Miller Emma V.
Published: January 2019

Since its release in 2008 as a Young Adult (YA) text, Tender Morsels has been subject to widespread praise and censure. In reviews and reading groups it has been criticised by adults (including educators), as well its target audience of fourteen plus readers, for containing circumstances too challenging and traumatic for young readers; and with incestuous sexual abuse and gang rape in the first few pages it is easy to see why that has been the case. By juxtaposing the dominant psychoanalytic theories of literary criticism, with the fairytale retellings by feminist authors from the 1970s to the present time, as well as key second wave feminist texts like Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex (1949) and Susan Brownmiller’s Against Our Will (1975), this novel can be seen to not only challenge the prevalence of a ‘real’ feminism in our literary criticism, but also in the Western world at large.
‘Our close but prohibited union’: Sibling incest, class and national identity in Iain Banks’s The Steep Approach to Garbadale (2007)
Authors: Duggan Robert
Published: January 2019

The work of Iain Banks has been prominent in exploring the crossing of different kind of borders: national, aesthetic and generic, ontological, gender and class to name but a few. Banks has also been part of a wider preoccupation in contemporary Scottish writing to do with inhabiting border zones, where the border ceases to be an idealised geometric line with almost no width or physical extension, and instead broadens to become a site that one can reside in, the ground against which the figure emerges. The Bridge, along with The Crow Road (1992) forms the background of the chapter. This chapter will illuminate how The Steep Approach to Garbadale’s continuation of and departure from the border explorations and reflections on national identity of his earlier books is rendered through the crucial deployment of the motif of sibling incest in the novel.
Social and ideological bases of voting
Authors: Garry John
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the social and ideological bases of voting behaviour in 2016. Referring to the classic debates in the comparative literature on political cleavages and upon earlier empirical investigations of the Irish case, the core question the chapter seeks to answer is whether there may be a strong link between voters’ socio-demographic traits, their broad policy beliefs and their party choice in this election. Building upon a similar study of the 2011 election, which found evidence of the emergence of class-based politics, the analysis on this occasion reveals some interesting trends, particularly relating to Sinn Féin. Its steady rise in electoral support over time has seen it emerge as a major player in Irish party politics, with important implications for how we might view the ideological basis of voting behaviour in Ireland. The analysis in this chapter finds that Sinn Féin’s strong socio-demographic profile (working class, left-wing and in favour of Irish unity) sets it apart from the other major parties, differentiating it in terms that would be familiar in a political cleavage-based analysis.
What do Irish voters want from and think of their politicians?
Authors: Farrell David M. , Gallagher Michael , Barrett David
Published: January 2019

This chapter assesses how the record-breakings levels of electoral flux in 2016 may have impacted on attitudes towards representative politics in Ireland. First, it examines voter attitudes to the role of TDs (MPs) in 2016. The Irish tradition of high degrees of localism in representative politics is based on the strong attachment of Irish voters to a constituency orientation from their politicians. The analysis shows that this remains as strong as ever. There are, however, some changes in how voters make contact with their elected representatives – the second theme dealt with in this chapter. The intensity (or degree) of contact is resilient, but its form is shifting to more impersonal or virtual means of contact (especially among younger voters): the days of the ‘weekly clinic’ – that classic mainstay of representative politics in Ireland – may be numbered. Finally, the chapter examines what Irish voters thinks of their politicians overall – this latter theme referencing ongoing international debates about the emergence of populist attitudes. The evidence from the Irish case is a pretty positive one, with many voters indicating a favourable disposition towards their politicians – though this is not universal.
Dissolving myths: the day the Government fell
Authors: Peacock Timothy Noël
Published: January 2019

This chapter challenges three myths regarding the Callaghan Government’s defeat in a no confidence vote on 28 March 1979: that the calling of the vote was a forgone conclusion; that the result of this vote was inevitable; and that the Government’s defeat in a no confidence vote was detrimental to its subsequent performance in the 1979 General Election. Internal strategic dialogues show how proactive both sides were, ranging from such examples as extensive discussions in Callaghan’s meeting with Government Whips to Conservative strategy memoranda regarding possible support for building an oil pipeline to secure UUP votes. Analysis of both Labour and Conservative approaches demonstrates how their experience of minority governance over the previous five years was important in conditioning their strategy when approaching the no confidence vote.
The administration of military welfare in Kent, 1642–79
Authors: Worthen Hannah
Published: January 2019

In October 1642 Parliament made a commitment to financially support soldiers who had been wounded in their service as well as the widows of those who had been killed. The administration of military welfare was the responsibility of the Justices of the Peace at each county’s Quarter Sessions and this chapter will examine the process in Kent. This county did not experience large scale military action until 1648 and yet it was profoundly affected by the events of the mid-seventeenth century and witnessed loss and division within its own borders throughout the 1640s. This chapter will present evidence taken from Quarter Sessions records in order to discuss who received pensions in Kent and what impact local and national politics had on the administration of that relief.
‘What dire effects from civil discord flow’:1 party management and legitimacy breakdown in the Labour Party
Authors: Shaw Eric
Published: January 2019

All large parties face the question of how to strike a balance between diversity and tolerance on the one hand and unity and firm leadership on the other. Striking this balance is the task of party management. This chapter consists of three main sections. The first discusses the function, forms and bases of party management. It identifies ideological integration, governance legitimation and normative integration as crucial shock absorbers which enable party cohesion to survive management. The second section analyses party management under New Labour. It shows how skilful, adept and ruthless party managers achieved a high measure of cohesion and control but ultimately the managerial regime they established sowed the seeds of its own dissolution. The third and longest section uses the concept of rival managerial strategies - majoritarian centralism and pluralism - to explore party management under Corbyn. It argues that the (general) preference for the former contributed to a veritable crisis of managerial authority, one which abated after Labour’s unexpectedly strong electoral performance in June 2017 but has by no means been fully resolved.
The intestinal labours of Paris
Authors: Barles Sabine , Guillerme André
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the treatment of waste and sewage in eighteenth-century Paris and on the numerous small manufactures that flourished around the cesspits of the French capital and produced saltpeter for the conservation of dried meat, gut for musical instruments or for Spain’s chorizo factories, lime from the hides coming from the butcher’s shops… It also focuses on life underground, in the cellars, and on the extreme urban mortality due to the pervasive insalubrity generated by the digestive process at work in the city.
The soul in the entrails: the experience of the sick in the eighteenth century
Authors: Louis-Courvoisier Micheline
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses the close link between emotional and cognitive dysfunctions and visceral disturbances, in the experience of melancholia and nervous diseases in the eighteenth century. It is based on epistolary consultations sent to Dr S.-A. Tissot between 1750 and 1797. According to the patients, their belly was a complex zone of internal movements and sensations, which coexisted, in the same narrative movement, with mental troubles. The aerial and hydropneumatic element of the body – such as winds, vapours, animal spirits – played an important role in describing mind-body suffering. This element found pathways throughout in the body, even outside the humoural and nervous system. These aerial movements generated pain, disquiet, sadness or disgust.
Introduction
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: January 2019

The history of monastic exemption in France gives witness to a rich and lively institutional story of freedom and protection. This opening chapter frames the subject, its historiographical traditions, and methodological challenges, advancing the argument for a Roman tradition whose origins and development date firmly to the early Middle Ages.
The road to protection
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the historical and conciliar framework of monastic exemption, with a particular interest in tracing its formation and development between the fifth and eighth centuries. Such a focus outlines its growth during the early Middle Ages, which determined the monastery’s place within the local diocesan context. The construction, and subsequent deconstruction, of this relationship underpins this book’s ongoing investigation, which seeks ultimately to understand how and why papal protection became a coveted asset among French monasteries. To make this understanding possible, this chapter asks what came before the surge and why. It argues for an emerging pattern and character of exemption under the Franks, which proved central to developing notions of spiritual and physical protection under the popes. As a consequence of this novel mentality, a monastery’s relationship with its surrounding environment permitted greater degrees of freedom and protection than ever before. This unique transformation took time to develop, forging alliances that effectively shifted individual monasteries away from their Frankish protectorate towards the burgeoning spiritual centre in Rome.
Rome’s orbit
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: January 2019

A monastery’s relationship with Rome raises fundamental questions about its origins and nature. Exemption privileges form an important part of this story – a connecting link between the centre in Rome and the Christian periphery. This chapter questions the monastery’s impetus for seeking special exemption from Rome by examining the practice’s development from the papal perspective. It seeks to understand the gravitational pull of ‘Rome’s orbit’, which reveals the precedent, pragmatism, and vision of early medieval popes in the organization and governance of religious life. Formulating the popes’ attitude towards, and involvement in, western monasteries, this chapter explains why the granting of monastic exemptions became so pronounced a feature of papal government in the early Middle Ages.
The ‘fetters of feudalism’
Authors: Rennie Kriston R.
Published: January 2019

The institutional practice of exemption did not operate outside existing ecclesiastical and political structures. It required the willing participation of lay and ecclesiastical magnates, whose support reveals a confluence of contemporary factors and motivations at play. That monasteries were increasingly seeking privileges from Rome raises important questions about their rights and authority (spiritual and judicial), and the potential disruption to established norms. This chapter asks whether a monastery’s success in acquiring exemption privileges effectively undermined existing political and ecclesiastical authority. In short: did the growth of this practice in any way contribute to a process of political fragmentation? Did individual religious houses benefit, or seek to benefit, from changing political circumstances? And finally: what role did the papacy play in these wider transformations?
The ecology of poor relief
Authors: King Steven
Published: January 2019

At the core of this chapter is the development of Old Poor Law historiography post-1750. The chapter argues that the thrust of such historiography has moved inexorably to a greater understanding of the lives and words of the poor. In this context, medical welfare has been sadly neglected. Historians have felt that sickness was so ubiquitous that the sick poor themselves cannot and should not be the subject of discrete study. The chapter disagrees.
Wider medical welfare
Authors: King Steven
Published: January 2019

This chapter is concerned with a rich vein of poor law spending: on cash allowances, drugs, payments in kind and head such as apprenticeship. In most county communities, cash allowances grew in importance over time, both because it was more convenient for officials to give such allowances and then let the poor buy their own medical care and because the poor increasingly requested such allowances. Nonetheless, there is a clear sense that many officers continued to be active in purchasing drugs, devices, false limbs and food for the sick.
‘They used Americana, all painted and polished, to make the enormous impression they did’: selling the Reagan revolution through the 1984 Olympic Games1
Authors: Tulli Umberto
Published: January 2019

The chapter aims at investigating the role of the Reagan administration in organizing the Games. Contrary to previous understanding, which tend to dismiss federal government involvment in the organization of the Games, it will highlight the political and diplomatic actions undertaken by the Reagan administration to organize a perfect edition of the Olympics and to sell the world reaganism through the Los Angeles Games. Since the creation of an Olympic task force within the White House, the Los Angeles Games were perceived as a showcase on Ronald Reagan's America. The task force immediately concluded that the federal government would act behind the scenes, providing all the necessary security measures for the LAOOC and the Games, coordinating diplomatic actions and looking over consular practices. Tasks increased when the Soviets announced their boycott: the White House defined a clear damage-limiting strategy. In its conclusions, the chapter will discuss a sort of paradox: the Reagan administration was increasingly involved in the promotion of what it presented as a government-free edition of the Olympics.
Post-match recovery and analysis: concluding thoughts on sport and diplomacy
Authors: Beacom Aaron , Rofe J. Simon
Published: January 2019

This concluding chapter draws together the themes that have emerged in the volume and provides an overarching analysis of the three sections concerning the concepts and history of Sport and Diplomacy, its relationship to public diplomacy and soft power, and considerations of boycotts. Furthermore, it considers a range of questions which simultaneously consolidate but also challenge the parameters of the field. These include the validity of sport as a ‘site of diplomacy’, the value of spatial and temporal dimensions to the field, and lines of future research.
Titles and entitlements: why ‘University’?
Authors: Docherty Thomas
Published: January 2019

Education involves the search for good judgment, and thus also institutes the principles of criticism. It does this in the interests of extending the range of human possibilities and in extending and distributing those possibilities democratically. In this, it is structurally opposed to the logic of privatization as such. This chapter explores how it is that existing social and class privilege has tried to prevent the university from doing this, in the interests of protecting those very privileges. The Browne Review was central to this project. In a peculiar self-contradiction, Browne fundamentally reconstructs the University as an ivory tower institution, one that legitimised privilege by radically reducing the scope and ambit of the university’s roles and social responsibilities. After Browne, the university seeks to entrench the very ideology of privilege, by translating the demands for justice or good judgment into a logic of self-advancement via competition. It institutes the culture of acquisitive individualism or greed over the extension of democracy and freedoms.