bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters of optical signals registered with the AZT-33IK telescope in active Radar–Progress space experiment
Authors: Еселевич Максим , Eselevich Maxim , Хахинов Виталий , Khakhinov Vitaliy , Клунко Евгений , Klunko Evgeny
Published: October 2016

Images of Progress cargo spacecraft (PCS) and areas around them were captured by the AZT-33IK optical telescope (Sayan Observatory of ISTP SB RAS) during sessions of the active Radar–Progress space experiment. We took images of exhaust and fuel jets when propulsion systems worked and after they were cut off, during fuel system purging. In different sessions of the experiment, PCS had different orientations relative to the telescope, thus enabling us to find some parameters of the observed phenomena. These parameters allow us to determine instants of engine ignitions, to estimate velocities of the jets, and, if necessary, to control geometry of the space experiment. The paper reports common features of optical signals from jets measured in these experiments.
Geomagnetic effects caused by rocket exhaust jets
Authors: Липко Юрий , Lipko Yuriy , Пашинин Александр , Pashinin Aleksandr , Рахматулин Равиль , Rakhmatulin Ravil , Хахинов Виталий , Khakhinov Vitaliy
Published: October 2016

In the space experiment Radar–Progress, we have made 33 series of measurements of geomagnetic variations during ignitions of engines of Progress cargo spacecraft in low Earth orbit. We used magneto-measuring complexes, installed at observatories of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and magnetotelluric equipment of a mobile complex. We assumed that engine running can cause geomagnetic disturbances in field tubes crossed by the spacecraft. When analyzing experimental data, we took into account the following space weather factors: solar wind parameters, total daily mid-latitude geomagnetic activity index Kр, geomagnetic auroral electrojet index AE, global geomagnetic activity.
Weak Measurement and Two-State-Vector Formalism: Deficit of Momentum Transfer in Scattering Processes
Authors: Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann Chariton Aris
Published: October 2016

The notions of weak measurement, weak value, and two-state-vector formalism provide a new quantum-theoretical frame for extracting additional information from a system in the limit of small disturbances to its state. Here, we provide an application to the case of two-body scattering with one body weakly interacting with an environment. The direct connection to real scattering experiments is pointed out by making contact with the field of impulsive incoherent neutron scattering from molecules and condensed systems. In particular, we predict a new quantum effect in neutron-atom collisions, namely an observable momentum transfer deficit; or equivalently, a reduction of effective mass below that of the free scattering atom. Two corroborative experimental findings are shortly presented. Implications for current and further experiments are mentioned. An interpretation of this effect and the associated experimental results within conventional theory is currently unavailable.

Quanta 2016; 5: 61–84.
Variability analyses, site characterization, and regional [OH] estimates using trace gas measurements from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network
Authors: Pollmann Jan , Helmig Detlev , Liptzin Daniel , Thompson Chelsea R. , Hueber Jacques , Tans Pieter P. , Lelieveld Jos
Published: October 2016

Trace gas measurements from whole air samples collected weekly into glass flasks at background monitoring sites within the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network program (with most of the sites also being World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) stations) were used to investigate the variability-lifetime relationship for site characterization and to estimate regional and seasonal OH concentrations. Chemical species considered include the atmospheric trace gases CO, H2, and CH4, as well as the non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), i-butane (i-C4H10), and n-butane (n-C4H10). The correlation between atmospheric variability and lifetime was applied on a global scale spanning 42 sites with observations covering a period of 5 years. More than 50,000 individual flask measurement results were included in this analysis, making this the most extensive study of the variability-lifetime relationship to date. Regression variables calculated from the variability-lifetime relationship were used to assess the “remoteness” of sampling sites and to estimate the effect of local pollution on the measured distribution of atmospheric trace gases. It was found that this relationship yields reasonable results for description of the site remoteness and local pollution influences. Comparisons of seasonal calculated OH concentrations ([OH]) from the variability-lifetime relationships with six direct station measurements yielded variable agreement, with deviations ranging from ∼20% to a factor of ∼2–3 for locations where [OH] monitoring results had been reported. [OH] calculated from the variability-lifetime relationships was also compared to outputs from a global atmospheric model. Resutls were highly variable, with approximately half of the sites yielding agreement to within a factor of 2–3, while others showed deviations of up to an order of magnitude, especially during winter.
Opportunities for energy-water nexus management in the Middle East & North Africa
Authors: Farid Amro M. , Lubega William N. , Hickman William W.
Published: October 2016

Electric power is required to produce, treat, distribute, and recycle water while water is required to generate and consume electricity. Naturally, this energy-water nexus is most evident in multi-utilities that provide electricity and water but still exists when the nexus has distinct organizations as owners and operators. Therefore, the sustainability question that arises from energy-water trade-offs and synergies is very much tied to the potential for economies of scope. Furthermore, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, multi-utilities are not only common, but also the nexus is particularly exacerbated by the high energy intensity of the water supply due to limited fresh water resources. The goal of this paper is to identify and motivate several opportunities for enhanced integrated operations management and planning in the energy-water nexus in multi-utilities in the MENA. It proceeds in four parts. First, an exposition of the energy-water nexus especially as it applies to the MENA is given. This discussion focuses on the electric power system, the potable water distribution system, and thirdly, the wastewater distribution system. Second, the paper shifts to opportunities in integrated operations management highlighted by an energy-water nexus supply- side economic dispatch illustration. Thirdly, the discussion shifts to planning opportunities for the energy-water nexus for the sustainable development of water and energy resources. A concluding section summarizes the policy implications of the identified opportunities.
Learning from adverse events
Authors: Tingle John
Published: October 2016

John Tingle, Reader in Health Law, Nottingham Trent University, discusses Healthcare Improvement Scotland's 2016 report Learning from adverse events: Learning and improvement summary
Urology-oncology Macmillan/Prostate Cancer UK specialist nursing team
Authors: Fletcher Sian , Zinyemba Viv , Richards Samantha
Published: October 2016

Sian Fletcher, Viv Zinyemba and Samantha Richards, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, discuss their roles within a urology-oncology service and how they pull together as team to do their best for their patients
Preventing intraluminal occlusion in peripherally inserted central catheters
Authors: Hitchcock Jan
Published: October 2016

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are used in a variety of specialties. Infective and thrombotic complications are widely reported but little has been written about the complications of persistent withdrawal occlusion (PWO) or complete luminal occlusion in PICCs. An audit was conducted of all patients who had a PICC in situ for a 6-week period, using a combination of reviewing clinical documentation and local departmental databases, physical review of inpatients and discussion with the relevant clinical nurse specialists in haematology, oncology, outpatient antibiotic therapy and the vascular access team, to determine the degree of PWO or occlusion but also to review possible financial implications in the introduction of a more expensive product. It was difficult to determine a rate for either PWO or complete occlusion owing to the diversity of the patient cohort and the tertiary nature of the organisation; the occlusion rate was estimated at 5%, but there was general agreement this was underestimating the problem. A needle-free connector was subsequently introduced for all PICCs in haematology, oncology and hepatobiliary services. Following the change in needle-free connector, 180 PICCs were inserted by the vascular access team on one of the organisation's sites over a 12-month period, with a total dwell time of 9702 catheter days (mean: 53.9 days, median: 35 days), a PWO rate of 1/1000 catheter days and total occlusion rate of 0.4/1000 catheter days. The time for insertion to complication of PWO or occlusion ranged from 9 to 144 days. Despite poor baseline data the results suggested the introduction of the bi-directional needle-less connector had a positive impact on the PWO and occlusion rates in PICCs.
Vascular access passports
Authors: Jackson Andrew
Published: October 2016

Andrew Jackson, IV Nurse Consultant, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, outlines the rationale for, and elements of, the patient passport for central catheters developed at his trust
Plant Mediated Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles for Applications in Medicine
Authors: Akhter Syed Md Humayun , Mohammad Faiz , Ahmad Shamim
Published: October 2016

The infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of death of children, adolescents and olds worldwide. Antimicrobial agents are commonly used to kill or inhibit the growth of these microorganisms. To date, herbal medicines are in great demand because of their efficacy, safety and fewer adverse effects as compared with prevailing antibiotics. However, a big challenge is to deliver the herbal formulations in a sustained manner to the infected region at the lowest effective level. Besides the development of alarming resistance of microbes towards antimicrobial agents is a major global public health problem. Nanomaterials seems to be effective alternative antimicrobials to combat such resistant bugs. Various physio-chemical methods have been employed for nanometal synthesis. Biosynthesis of nanometals using different parts of plants is now an emerging field of research in order to overcome the high cost and to minimize the use of hazardous chemicals in the traditional methods of synthesis. The nanometals synthesized using different parts of plants have been proven to be effective antibacterial agents. This review will describe the recent advancement in the green synthesis of nanometals using different parts of various plants and their antibacterial efficacy.
Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous reconstruction: a study of long-term outcomes in a district general hospital
Authors: Kallaway C , Humphreys A , Laurence N , Sutton R
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome and durability of both autologous and implant-assisted latissimus dorsi reconstruction in a district general hospital over a 10-year follow-up period.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study was carried out using a detailed database of all latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions performed by a single consultant surgeon between 2003 and 2013 at the Royal United Hospital, Bath. The long-term outcome following reconstruction was assessed by analysing all episodes of ‘reconstruction-specific’ operations required from 6 months after the initial surgery.

RESULTS

The study included 110 patients with latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions, 21 autologous and 95 implant-assisted. Radiotherapy was given to 27 patients with reconstructed flaps. Mean follow-up was 69 months. Further reconstruction-specific surgery was needed in 27 (23%) cases, with 5 of these being post-radiotherapy flaps. Implant-related surgery was the most common reason for further surgery. Complications of the implant itself made up 52% of these cases, chronic sepsis being the most common. The rate of symptomatic capsular contracture requiring further surgery was 4.2%. Of these, one of four patients had undergone radiotherapy.

DISCUSSION

In our institution, latissimus dorsi reconstruction is durable and safe over the long term, with limited need for further substantial intervention to maintain a good outcome from the initial reconstruction. Autologous flaps were less likely to require further surgery over the long term compared with implant-based reconstructions. The low rate of symptomatic capsular contracture may be due to the protective mechanism provided by the extended harvest flap used.
Intraoperative diagnosis of mitral valve endocarditis secondary to Paenibacillus provencensis
Authors: Pinho-Gomes A-C , Nasir A , Mosca R , Mirza S , Kadir I
Published: October 2016

We report the first case of infective endocarditis caused by Paenibacillus provencensis. A mitral valve vegetation was incidentally discovered by intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography in a 70-year-old woman undergoing aortic valve replacement. The precise identification of the causative agent was by means of genotypic characterisation with 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of antibiotics postoperatively, following debridement of the valve vegetation.
Mesentero-axial gastric volvulus after removal of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band
Authors: Pirmadjid N , Pournaras DJ , Huan S , Sujendran V
Published: October 2016

Despite the decreasing popularity of gastric banding, a large number of patients still have a band in situ. Although immediate postoperative complications are relatively rare, long-term complications of gastric banding are more common but are not reported to occur after band removal. We report a case of gastric volvulus and subsequent ischaemic perforation in a patient shortly after band removal, resulting in emergency laparotomy and total gastrectomy. Severe continuing pain persisting after band deflation and even gastric band removal should be treated as an emergency and urgent investigation should not be delayed.
The diagnostic ability of core needle biopsy in nodular thyroid disease
Authors: Aysan E , Kiran T , Idiz UO , Guler B , Akbulut H , Kunduz E , Arici S , Kadakal G , Ozgor M , Coci K
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION

Non-diagnostic results of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) remain an important limitation of this technqiue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of core needle biopsy (CNB) of thyroid nodules and its effectiveness in non-diagnostic FNAB cases.

METHODS

CNBs were performed in 1,000 patients (154 male, 846 female; mean age: 50.2 years, range: 18–86 years) with a spring loaded 20G needle. Of these, 143 had initially had FNABs that were insufficient for evaluation. The CNB reports were reviewed. Patients with suspicious or malignant CNB results underwent total thyroidectomy.

RESULTS

When considering all 1,000 CNBs, the non-diagnostic rate was 1.5% (15/1,000). However, when the first 100 cases were eliminated as a learning curve, this reduced to 0.9% (8/900). Of the 143 cases with initial FNABs that were non-diagnostic, 0.7% (1/143) were also non-diagnostic on CNB. Twelve patients underwent surgery because of malignant CNB reports and all of these cases were confirmed as malignant by the postoperative pathology specimen results (100% accuracy). There were no major complications although three self-limiting minor complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

CNB is a safe and accurate method. It is more diagnostic than FNAB for nodular thyroid disease.
An unusual complication of nasolabial flap reconstruction
Authors: Mann R , Srinivasan B , Webb R , Webb A
Published: October 2016

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in the oral cavity. Resection of these cancers often requires reconstruction. Nasolabial flaps are a robust and reliable local flap that provide a satisfactory outcome. We report two cases where an epidermoid cyst developed within the scar of the nasolabial flap and review the literature.
Overview of Sparse Graph for Multiple Access in Future Mobile Networks
Authors: Lei Jing , Li Baoguo , Li Erbao , Gong Zhenghui
Published: October 2016

Multiple access via sparse graph, such as low density signature (LDS) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA), is a promising technique for future wireless communications. This survey presents an overview of the developments in this burgeoning field, including transmitter structures, extrinsic information transform (EXIT) chart analysis and comparisons with existing multiple access techniques. Such technique enables multiple access under overloaded conditions to achieve a satisfactory performance. Message passing algorithm is utilized for multi-user detection in the receiver, and structures of the sparse graph are illustrated in detail. Outlooks and challenges of this technique are also presented.
Abschied von der Justizforschung?
Authors: Rottleuthner Hubert
Published: October 2016

Der Justizforschung wurde vorgehalten , sie betreibe eine ‚Rechtssoziologie ohne Recht‘, weil sie nicht das berufliche Verhalten von Richtern untersuche, sondern nur deren sozialen Hintergrund und Einstellungen. In einer Untersuchung von Arbeitsrichtern wurde der relative Einfluß des sozialen Hintergrundes, der Einstellungen und des Verhaltens in den Verhandlungen auf das Ergebnis eines Verfahrens, speziell auf den Erfolg des Arbeitnehmer-Klägers bestimmt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß berufsbezogenen Merkmalen größeres Gewicht zukommt als aktuellen sozialen Merkmalen und Einstellungen; diesen wiederum ein größeres Gewicht als dem sozialen Hintergrund. Die Befunde werden interpretiert im Rahmen verschiedener theoretischer Ansätze (Sozialisations-, Bezugsgruppen- und Rollentheorie, Theorien der sozialen Differenzierung).
Reproducible Surface Contrasting and Orientation Correlation of Low-Carbon Steels by Time-Resolved Beraha Color Etching
Authors: Britz D. , Hegetschweiler A. , Roberts M. , Mücklich F.
Published: October 2016

Color etchants have a huge potential in industrial applications and numerous investigations have been made to obtain a better understanding of the etching process. However, reproducibility and a solid knowledge of the ongoing processes are still missing. The work presented is a systematic study of the reproducibility of the Beraha color etching with potassium metabisulfite. By in situ observation of the etching process, the different states of the Beraha etching could be followed. It was shown that, at the beginning of the etching of dual-phase steels, the contrasting of the second phase by dissolving the less noble part of the second phase is the predominant contrast. Uncommonly, grain boundaries are hardly attacked. The color development of matrix grains is orientation sensitive and it was shown by comparison with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements, that similar orientated grains have similar colors.
Hyperpolarization-Activated Currents and Subthreshold Resonance in Granule Cells of the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Hu Ruilong , Ferguson Katie A. , Whiteus Christina B. , Meijer Dimphna H. , Araneda Ricardo C.
Published: October 2016

An important contribution to neural circuit oscillatory dynamics is the ongoing activation and inactivation of hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih). Network synchrony dynamics play an important role in the initial processing of odor signals by the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In the mouse olfactory bulb, we show thatIhis present in granule cells (GCs), the most prominent inhibitory neuron in the olfactory bulb, and thatIhunderlies subthreshold resonance in GCs. In accord with the properties ofIh, the currents exhibited sensitivity to changes in extracellular K+concentration and ZD7288 (4-ethylphenylamino-1,2-dimethyl-6-methylaminopyrimidin chloride), a blocker ofIh. ZD7288 also caused GCs to hyperpolarize and increase their input resistance, suggesting thatIhis active at rest in GCs. The inclusion of cAMP in the intracellular solution shifted the activation ofIhto less negative potentials in the MOB, but not in the AOB, suggesting that channels with different subunit composition mediateIhin these regions. Furthermore, we show that mature GCs exhibitIh-dependent subthreshold resonance in the theta frequency range (4–12 Hz). Another inhibitory subtype in the MOB, the periglomerular cells, exhibitedIh-dependent subthreshold resonance in the delta range (1–4 Hz), while principal neurons, the mitral cells, do not exhibitIh-dependent subthreshold resonance. Importantly,Ihsize, as well as the strength and frequency of resonance in GCs, exhibited a postnatal developmental progression, suggesting that this development ofIhin GCs may differentially contribute to their integration of sensory input and contribution to oscillatory circuit dynamics.
A humanized yeast proteasome identifies unique binding modes of inhibitors for the immunosubunit β5i
Authors: Huber Eva M , Heinemeyer Wolfgang , de Bruin Gerjan , Overkleeft Herman S , Groll Michael
Published: October 2016

Inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit β5i alleviates autoimmune diseases in preclinical studies and represents a promising new anti‐inflammatory therapy. However, the lack of structural data on the human immunoproteasome still hampers drug design. Here, we systematically determined the potency of seven α' β' epoxyketone inhibitors with varying N‐caps and P3‐stereochemistry for mouse/human β5c/β5i and found pronounced differences in their subunit and species selectivity. Using X‐ray crystallography, the compounds were analyzed for their modes of binding to chimeric yeast proteasomes that incorporate key parts of human β5c, human β5i or mouse β5i and the neighboring β6 subunit. The structural data reveal exceptional conformations for the most selective human β5i inhibitors and highlight subtle structural differences as the major reason for the observed species selectivity. Altogether, the presented results validate the humanized yeast proteasome as a powerful tool for structure‐based development of β5i inhibitors with potential clinical applications.
Zika virus NS1, a pathogenicity factor with many faces
Authors: Hilgenfeld Rolf
Published: October 2016

Recent publications in The EMBO Journal (Xu et al, ) and in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (Brown et al, ) report crystal structures of the Zika virus (ZIKV) NS1 protein. The structures reveal unique surface properties that help explain the specificity of anti‐ZIKV NS1 antibodies. Possible functions of this multifaceted pathogenicity factor are discussed here on the basis of the structures and cautious extrapolation from other flaviviruses.
Daily Task-Oriented Performance Evaluation for Commercially Available Assistive Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Cheng-Shiu Chung  , Hongwu Wang  , Matthew J. Hannan  , Annmarie R. Kelleher  ,  Rory A. Cooper 
Published: October 2016

This preliminary study investigates the performance and cognitive loading of the two commercial wheelchair-mounted assistive robotic manipulators (ARMs) with their original user interfaces (UIs). This study of 20 able-bodied individuals evaluated the performance of two user interfaces, keypad and joystick, using six tasks on an activities of daily living (ADL) task board with environment-independent measures, self-reported cognitive loading and questionnaires. Participants performed tasks with two commercial arms with their original UIs in a randomized order of arm and the six tasks on the adl task board. Performance was evaluated using completion time, throughput, and trajectory parameters. Self-reported measures of workload and questionnaires were also administered. Statistical performance differences were found in the translational tasks (p
Industrial Robot Trajectory Stiffness Mapping for Hybrid Manufacturing Process
Authors: Zhiyuan Wang  , Renwei Liu  , Xueyang Chen  , Todd Sparks  , Frank Liou
Published: October 2016

The application of using industrial robots in hybrid manufacturing is promising, but the heavy external load applied on robot system, including the weight of deposition extruder or the cutting force from machining process, affects the operation accuracy significantly. This paper proposed a new method for helping robot to find the best position and orientation to perform heavy duty tasks based on the current system stiffness. By analyzing the robot kinematic and stiffness matrix properties of robot, a new evaluation formulation has been established for mapping the trajectory¢‚¬„¢s stiffness within the robot¢‚¬„¢s working volumetric. The influence of different position and orientation for hybrid manufacturing working path in different scale has been discussed. Finally, a visualized evaluation map can be obtained to describe the stiffness difference of a robotic deposition working path at different positions and orientations. The method is important for improving the operation performance of robot system with current stiffness capability.
Mimetic Theory, Sacrifice, and The Iliad?
Authors: Kitts Margo
Published: October 2016

This essay strives to apply Girard’s mimetic theory to Homeric sacrifice scenes, poetic characterizations, and the plot of the Iliad. The theory is found to be wanting at the level of sacrifice scenes, and barely salient at the levels of poetic characterization and plot. On the whole, Girard’s theory of sacrifice is anachronistic for the Iliad, and the Iliad’s poetic characterizations, particularly of Achilles, defy the lack of interiority presumed by Girard’s mimetic theory. However, Girard’s discussion of our fascination with violence does resonate with the Homeric Weltanschauung, as well as with persistent themes in ancient Near Eastern literature and art.
On Girard
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark
Published: October 2016

Much of what Freud and Girard have said about the function of symbolic violence in religion has been persuasive. Even if one questions, as I do, Girard’s idea that mimetic desire is the sole driving force behind symbols of religious violence, one can still agree that mimesis is a significant factor. One can also agree with the theme that Girard borrows from Freud, that the ritualized acting out of violent acts plays a role in displacing feelings of aggression, thereby allowing the world to be a more peaceful place in which to live. But the critical issue remains as to whether sacrifice should be regarded as the context for viewing all other forms of religious violence, as Girard and Freud have contended.
Worm in the Pudding Cup
Authors: Reineke Martha
Published: October 2016

Drawing on insights offered by Richard Beck in Unclean: Meditations on Purity, Hospitality, and Mortality (Beck 2011), I explore several categories of disgust. Girard incorporates sociomoral disgust into his theoretical reflections; however, core disgust and animal-reminder disgust are discrete forms of revulsion not recognized as such by Girard. Arguing that these merit special attention, I argue that Girard’s theory is made more compelling, not less, when we attend to foul elements that ooze from around the edges of his theory despite his effort to contain them under the sign of sacrifice. Making this seepage a topic of discussion is like taking the lid off a carton long forgotten at the back of the refrigerator. Yes, the mold so revealed is repulsive; however, as Alexander Fleming found when he discovered penicillin in mold growing in a neglected petri dish in his lab, that which disgusts us can also save us.
INEQUALITY IN TURKEY BY INCOME CATEGORIES
Authors: SÜMER Beyza
Published: October 2016

Income inequality has been observed across both advanced and emerging market economies for the last thirty years. The neoliberal policies has resulted in a significant change in the distribution of income and wealth around the world in favour of the top income receivers. Uneven distribution of income has recently been one of the main issues for researchers and policy makers. The reason why income inequality has been so high on the agenda is that because it has important consequences that erode social justice and peace in society. Rising inequality might damage economic growth, might pose a serious barrier to social development and hamper well-being, and might cause political instability. Income inequality can be observed and analysed from various perspectives, such as regions, cities, gender, education, family size, occupations, factors, status, etc. A different way of analysis of income inequality can be made by comprising and harmonising three categories of income, namely income by occupations, income by employment status, and types of income (functional income). In this way, a relative income index has been constituted to demonstrate the top income receivers from every income category. It has been found that the managers from the first category, employers from the second category, and entrepreuners, rent and interest receivers from the third category constitute the top income receivers. The aim of this paper is to highlight that the top income receivers from aforesaid three income categories contribute to income inequality the most in Turkey. It has been concluded that pro-equal public policies should be devised to reduce inequalities.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ROLLERİNE İLİŞKİN TUTUMLARININ ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ İSTATİSTİKSEL TEKNİKLERLE ANALİZİ
Authors: BAŞÇI Bilge , GİRAY Selay
Published: October 2016

Çalışmanın amacı Marmara Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan lisans öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarını çok değişkenli analiz teknikleri ile incelemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Marmara Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında literatürde geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği kanıtlanmış “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. İlgili anket Tabakalı Örnekleme tekniğiyle tasarlanan 3403 birimlik bir örnekleme uygulanmıştır. Tabakalandırma fakültelere göre yapılmış, alt örneklem hacimleri belirlenirken Orantılı Dağıtım’dan yararlanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler başta Lojistik Regresyon ve İki Aşamalı Kümeleme analizi olmak üzere çeşitli istatistik teknikler ile analiz edilmiş, bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının başta cinsiyet olmak üzere, medeni durum, sınıf, fakülte, aile tipi, anne eğitim düzeyi ve erkek kardeş sayısı değişkenlerine göre geleneksel veya eşitlikçi olarak değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrenciler geleneksel erkek öğrenciler, geleneksel kadın öğrenciler ve eşitlikçi erkek öğrenciler olarak üç kümeye ayrılmıştır.
SYRIAN MIGRANTS IN TURKISH LABOUR MARKET
Authors: ÜNLÜTÜRK ULUTAŞ Çağla
Published: October 2016

Turkey which is one of the border neighbours of Syria, is the most affected country by the refugee crises. However, until recently Syrian migrants residency has been regulated under non-permanent immigration status such as “guest migrant” or “temporary protected". Until Regulation on Work Permit of Refugees Under Temporary Protection issued in the Official Journal No. 2016/8375, legal working opportunities of refugees were not in question. In order to survive and to ensure their basic needs, they have entered into informal labour market. Most of the studies which are conducted both in the eastern region of Turkey and in biggest western cities have found that Syrian migrants are usually working in less favourable conditions than domestic labour , longer and more cheaply in many cases. As a result this migration flow engendered replacement of local workers by migrants and in some cases formalization of informal local labour.
Chemotherapy Near the End of Life for Chinese Patients with Solid Malignancies
Authors: Sheng Jin , Zhang Ya-Xiong , He Xiao-Bo , Fang Wen-Feng , Yang Yun-Peng , Lin Gui-Nan , Wu Xuan , Li Ning , Zhang Jing , Zhai Lin-Zhu , Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Huang Yan , Zhou Ning-Ning , Zhao Hong-Yun , Zhang Li
Published: October 2016

Introduction

There are increasing concerns about the negative impacts of chemotherapy near the end of life (EOL). There is discrepancy among different countries about its use, and little is known about the real-world situation in China.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at six representative hospitals across China. Adult decedents with a record of advanced solid cancer and palliative chemotherapy were consecutively screened from 2010 through 2014. The prevalence of EOL chemotherapy within the last 1 month of life was set as the primary outcome. The correlations among EOL chemotherapy, clinicopathological features, and overall survival (OS) were investigated.

Results

A total of 3,350 decedents who had had cancer were consecutively included; 2,098 (62.6%) were male and the median age was 56 years (range, 20–88). There were 177 (5.3%), 387 (11.6%), and 837 (25.0%) patients who received EOL chemotherapy within the last 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months of life, respectively. We identified inferior OS (median OS, 7.1 vs. 14.2 months; hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.53; p < .001), more intensive treatments (e.g., admitted to intensive care unit [ICU] in the last month of life, received cardiopulmonary resuscitation and invasive ventilation support), and hospital death (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.14–2.06; p = .005) among patients who received continued chemotherapy within the last month compared with those who did not. However, subgroup analyses indicated that receiving oral agents correlated with fewer ICU admissions and lower rates of in-hospital death.

Conclusion

This study showed that EOL chemotherapy is commonly used in China. Intravenous chemotherapy at the EOL significantly correlated with poor outcomes and the role of oral anticancer agents warrants further investigation.
A Phase I Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Higher-Dose Icotinib in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Jian , Wu Lihua , Wu Guolan , Hu Xingjiang , Zhou Huili , Chen Junchun , Zhu Meixiang , Xu Wei , Tan Fenlai , Ding Lieming , Wang Yinxiang , Shentu Jianzhong
Published: October 2016

Lessons Learned

This phase I study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of icotinib with a starting dose of 250 mg in pretreated, advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients. We observed a maximum tolerated dose of 500 mg with a favorable pharmacokinetics profile and antitumor activity. These findings provide clinicians with evidence for application of higher-dose icotinib.

Background.

Icotinib, an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown favorable tolerability and antitumor activity at 100–200 mg in previous studies without reaching the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In July 2011, icotinib was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration at a dose of 125 mg three times daily for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of at least one platinum-based chemotherapy regimen. This study investigated the MTD, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of higher-dose icotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods.

Twenty-six patients with advanced NSCLC were treated at doses of 250–625 mg three times daily The EGFR mutation test was not mandatory in this study.

Results.

Twenty-four (92.3%) of 26 patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE); rash (61.5%), diarrhea (23.1%), and oral ulceration (11.5%) were most frequent AEs. Dose-limiting toxicities were seen in 2 of 6 patients in the 625-mg group, and the MTD was established at 500 mg. Icotinib was rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The amount of time that the drug was present at the maximum concentration in serum (Tmax) ranged from 1 to 3 hours (1.5–4 hours) after multiple doses. The t1/2 was similar after single- and multiple-dose administration (7.11 and 6.39 hours, respectively). A nonlinear relationship was observed between dose and drug exposure. Responses were seen in 6 (23.1%) patients, and 8 (30.8%) patients had stable disease.

Conclusion.

This study demonstrated that higher-dose icotinib was well-tolerated, with a MTD of 500 mg. Favorable antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic profile were observed in patients with heavily pretreated, advanced NSCLC.
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN ADOLESCENCE: UNDERSTANDING RISK FACTORS AND MEDIATORS THROUGH A STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODEL
Authors: Morgado Alice Murteira , Vale Dias Maria da Luz
Published: October 2016

Abstract.In this paper we use a SEM analysis to test an explanatory model for antisocial behaviour in adolescence that includes dimensions that have a direct effect on antisocial behaviour (psychoticism, neuroticism and self-control), while some are relatively malleable in this developmental stage and mediate the role of age on antisocial behaviour (family environment, self-concept, and conformity to social rules). A structural equations model was tested with a sample of 489 participants. Results show a good fitting model where psychoticism, self-control, age, social conformity and family environment are intertwined in a complex net of relations and effects involved in the explanation of adolescent antisocial behaviour.Conclusions embrace the differentiated nature of each predictor and its role both directly and in relation to other predictors. The complexity of adolescent antisocial behaviour became evident, showing that it cannot be addressed in simplistic terms, as we need to account for direct and indirect effects.Keywords: antisocial behaviour, personality, family, adolescence, social conformityResumo.Apresentamos a análise de um Modelo de Equações Estruturais para testar um modelo explicativo para o comportamento antissocial na adolescência que inclui dimensões com efeito direto no comportamento antissocial (psicoticismo e autocontrolo) e dimensões que apresentam mais variabilidade ao longo deste estádio de desenvolvimento e que medeiam o papel da idade com comportamento antissocial (ambiente familiar e conformidade social). Foi testado um modelo de equações estruturais com uma amostra de 489 jovens entre os 9 e os 17 anos de idade. Os resultados revelam um modelo significativo, com bons indices de ajustamento, no qual o psicoticismo, autocontrolo, idade, conformidade social e ambiente familiar se entrecruza numa complexa rede de relações e efeitos envolvidos na explicação do comportamento antissocial na adolescência.As conclusões reconhecem a natureza distinta de cada preditor e o papéis diretos e através das relações com outras variáveis preditoras. Fica evidenciada a complexidade do comportamento antissocial na adolescência, demonstrando que tal fenómeno não pode ser abordado de forma simplista, já que há que considerar efeitos diretos e indiretos de diversas variáveis.Palavras-chave: comportamento antissocial, personalidade, família, adolescência, conformidade social
PERCEPCIÓN DEL ESTUDIANTE DE NIVEL SUPERIOR HACIA LOS PROBLEMAS ECONÓMICOS DE MÉXICO: UN ESTUDIO EMPÍRICO EN EL PUERTO DE VERACRUZ
Authors: Moreno-García Elena , García-Santillán Arturo , Luna-Cruz Rajid R. , González-Gómez Santiago
Published: October 2016

Abstract.COLLEGE STUDENT PERCEPTION TOWARD ECONOMIC TROUBLE IN MEXICO: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN PORT VERACRUZ.The aim of this study is to know the perception of university students about economic situation of Mexico. The National Survey GEA-ISA was applied. This survey was previously used in a national study entitled: “Public opinion about economic crisis and Mexican government program”. The survey was administered to 195 university students of different bachelors from Universidad Cristóbal Colón in june 2016. The analysis shows that students perceive that macroeconomic environment is not going to improve soon, but it is getting worse.Keywords: Perception, students, economic problems, Mexico.Resumen.El propósito central del trabajo es conocer cuál es la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios hacia los problemas económicos del país. Se ocupó el cuestionario que utilizó la Encuesta Nacional GEA-ISA, quien llevó a cabo un sondeo en el 2008, al que denominó “Opinión ciudadana sobre la crisis económica y el programa propuesto por el gobierno mexicano”. La encuesta se aplicó en junio del 2016 en la Universidad Cristóbal Colón, Campus Calasanz, Veracruz, a 195 estudiantes de diversas licenciaturas. El análisis descriptivo arrojó información que hace evidente que los estudiantes no esperan que la situación familiar y macroeconómica del país mejore en el corto plazo, sino que por el contrario, consideran que éstas sufrirán un deterioro.Palabras clave: Percepción, estudiantes, problemas económicos, México.
APLICACIÓN DEL CUESTIONARIO DE SALUD EQ-5D-5L EN ALUMNADO MAYOR UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Baños Martínes Vanesa
Published: October 2016

Abstract.APPLICATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE-5 DIMENSIONS HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE TO ELDERLY STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITYIt is shown in this research the analysis of the results obtained in the European Quality of Life- 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L VAS) health questionnaire developed by the EuroQol Group by the students of University Programs for the Elderly at University of Burgos. The computer tool used for the analysis has been Stata, version 12.The study results show, always bearing in mind the limitations of the study by the sample size, men tend to assess their health with higher score than women. It also has been found that the score of the oldest students over their own health is worse than that of the youngest.Overall, the results support the idea that the students of University Programs for the Elderly at University of Burgos present a profile of successful aging, away from the dreaded dependence, without serious health problems and high satisfaction levels of happiness.Keywords: Active aging, University Programs for the Elderly, Health-related Quality of life, Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L VAS) health questionnaire.Resumen.Presentamos los resultados obtenidos por el alumnado del Programa Interuniversitario de la Experiencia de las sedes de Burgos y Aranda de Duero en el Cuestionario de Salud EQ-5D-5L EVA (Escala Visual Analógica) desarrollado por el EuroQol Group y la comparación de estos resultados con los de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España (ENSE) 2011/2012. La herramienta informática utilizada al efecto ha sido Stata en su versión 12.En virtud de los resultados alcanzados y siempre teniendo presente la limitación del estudio por el tamaño de la muestra, podemos afirmar que los hombres tienden a valorar mejor su estado de salud que las mujeres. También se ha podido corroborar que a mayor edad del alumnado peor es la valoración que realiza sobre su propia salud.En conjunto, los resultados obtenidos refuerzan la idea de que el alumnado del Programa Interuniversitario de la Experiencia de la UBU presenta un perfil de envejecimiento satisfactorio, alejado de la tan temida dependencia, sin problemas de salud graves, con una buena satisfacción vital y elevados niveles de felicidad.Palabras clave: Envejecimiento activo, Programas Universitarios de Mayores (PUM), calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), Cuestionario de Salud EQ-5D-5L EVA.
PROGRAMA DE INTERVENCIÓN PARA EL FOMENTO DEL BIENESTAR EMOCIONAL EN PERSONAS MAYORES
Authors: Polo González María Eugenia
Published: October 2016

Abstract.Since a positive attitude towards life provides more happiness in old age health status per se, consistent intervention program proposed in a battery of theoretical and practical sessions aimed at people over 55 years. The aim of this workshop is that users internalize the importance of being themselves, love each other, valued and healthy relationships with others form.Keywords: positive attitude, happiness, emotional, seniors.Resumen.Dado que una actitud positiva ante la vida proporciona más felicidad en la vejez que el estado de salud per se, se propone un programa de intervención consistente en una batería de sesiones teorico-prácticas dirigidas a personas mayores de 55 años. El objetivo de este taller es que los usuarios interioricen la importancia de ser ellos mismos, quererse, valorarse y relacionarse de forma saludable con los demás. Palabras clave: actitud positiva, felicidad, bienestar emocional, adultos mayores.
TRATAMIENTO DE LA FRAGILIDAD Y APATÍA A TRAVÉS DE ACTIVIDADES PSICOMOTRICES EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: Guillen-Betancort Claudia , Da Silva-Domingo Guillermo , González Santos Josefa , De la Fuente-Anuncibay Raquel , Da Silva González Álvaro , Gonzalez Bernal Jerónimo
Published: October 2016

Abstract.Objective: To implement an Occupational Therapy treatment in elderly people with dementia and frailtyMethod: A longitudinal study of a sample of 23 users, 14 women and 9 men aged between 71 and 92 is performed, the average age 84.66 years, users of a residence, presenting frailty and dementia. Carried out an initial assessment and final tests with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), participants attend occupational therapy sessions.Statistical analysis: it was performed nonparametric Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test.Results: We observed that the levels of fragility do not improve, there is no relationship of age with frailty, the level of apathy does not decrease with the intervention, there is no difference in the score of apathy or fragility by sex.Conclusions: the results indicate a maintenance of vital functions on both scales, which can be considered beneficial when dealing with degenerative processes.Keywords: fragility, apathy, dementia of Alzheimer’s disease type, psychomotor activities.Resumen.Objetivo: Implementar un tratamiento de Terapia Ocupacional en personas mayores con demencia y fragilidadMétodo: Se realiza un estudio longitudinal sobre una muestra de 23 usuarios, 14 mujeres y 9 hombres con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 92, siendo la edad media 84.66 años, usuarios de una residencia, que presentan fragilidad y demencia. Se lleva a cabo una evaluación inicial y otra final con las pruebas Batería Corta del Desempeño Físico (SPPB) y Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), los participantes asisten a sesiones de Terapia Ocupacional.Análisis estadístico: se llevan a cabo pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Correlación de Spearman y U de Mann Whitney.Resultados: se observa que los niveles de fragilidad no mejoran, que no hay relación de la edad con la fragilidad, el nivel de apatía no disminuye con la intervención, no existen diferencias en la puntuación de apatía ni fragilidad según el sexo.Conclusiones. los resultados indican un mantenimiento de las funciones vitales en ambas escalas, lo que se puede considerar beneficioso al tratarse de procesos degenerativos.Palabras clave: fragilidad, apatía, demencia tipo Alzhéimer, actividades psicomotrices.