bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of Ice Microphysical Properties With Temperature and Humidity at Tops of Convective Clouds
Authors: van Diedenhoven Bastiaan
Published: July 2021

A better understanding of the many interacting processes governing the evaluation of ice in natural clouds is required to improve the representation of ice clouds in global circulation models. Recent studies suggest a dominant role of vapor growth processes in determining the temperature dependence of cloud top ice sizes and shapes. Using airborne cloud remote sensing along with reanalysis data, here we show that observed cloud top ice effective radii and estimated normalized growth rates at cloud top highly correlate with an approximately linear relationship, which is consistent with a conceptual model also presented. Furthermore, significant differences in crystal shape characteristics and scattering asymmetry parameters are found between sub‐ and super‐saturated cloud tops over ocean, although not over land. These results provide valuable observational targets for studying ice formation and evolution processes using models, while also helping interpretation of satellite observations of ice microphysical properties at cloud tops.
Study of S‐Wave Microseisms Generated by Storms in the Southeast Australia and North Atlantic
Authors: Xiao Han , Tanimoto Toshiro , Xue Mei
Published: July 2021

Using continuous data from a dense seismic array in Southwestern China, we tracked S‐wave microseism sources generated by two storms in Southeast Australia and the North Atlantic. In the frequency band 0.1–0.2 Hz, the beam strengths for SV‐ and SH‐wave sources can reach 29% and 18% of P‐wave, respectively. We found that the strong SH‐wave is only observed when the seismic sources are near the thick sedimentary regions whereas P‐ and SV‐wave is irrespective of that. It appears that in addition to a three‐dimensional structure that is needed for conversion from P‐wave to SH‐wave, amplitude enhancement by a sedimentary layer is essential for the detection of SH‐wave.
Multi-objective parametrization of interatomic potentials for large deformation pathways and fracture of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Zhang Xu , Nguyen Hoang , Paci Jeffrey T. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Mendoza-Cortes Jose L. , Espinosa Horacio D.
Published: July 2021

This investigation presents a generally applicable framework for parameterizing interatomic potentials to accurately capture large deformation pathways. It incorporates a multi-objective genetic algorithm, training and screening property sets, and correlation and principal component analyses. The framework enables iterative definition of properties in the training and screening sets, guided by correlation relationships between properties, aiming to achieve optimal parametrizations for properties of interest. Specifically, the performance of increasingly complex potentials, Buckingham, Stillinger-Weber, Tersoff, and modified reactive empirical bond-order potentials are compared. Using MoSe2as a case study, we demonstrate good reproducibility of training/screening properties and superior transferability. For MoSe2, the best performance is achieved using the Tersoff potential, which is ascribed to its apparent higher flexibility embedded in its functional form. These results should facilitate the selection and parametrization of interatomic potentials for exploring mechanical and phononic properties of a large library of two-dimensional and bulk materials.
A convolutional neural network for defect classification in Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction
Authors: Lim Bruce , Bellec Ewen , Dupraz Maxime , Leake Steven , Resta Andrea , Coati Alessandro , Sprung Michael , Almog Ehud , Rabkin Eugen , Schulli Tobias , Richard Marie-Ingrid
Published: July 2021

Coherent diffraction imaging enables the imaging of individual defects, such as dislocations or stacking faults, in materials. These defects and their surrounding elastic strain fields have a critical influence on the macroscopic properties and functionality of materials. However, their identification in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging remains a challenge and requires significant data mining. The ability to identify defects from the diffraction pattern alone would be a significant advantage when targeting specific defect types and accelerates experiment design and execution. Here, we exploit a computational tool based on a three-dimensional (3D) parametric atomistic model and a convolutional neural network to predict dislocations in a crystal from its 3D coherent diffraction pattern. Simulated diffraction patterns from several thousands of relaxed atomistic configurations of nanocrystals are used to train the neural network and to predict the presence or absence of dislocations as well as their type (screw or edge). Our study paves the way for defect-recognition in 3D coherent diffraction patterns for material science.
Machine learning and evolutionary prediction of superhard B-C-N compounds
Authors: Chen Wei-Chih , Schmidt Joanna N. , Yan Da , Vohra Yogesh K. , Chen Cheng-Chien
Published: July 2021

We build random forests models to predict elastic properties and mechanical hardness of a compound, using only its chemical formula as input. The model training uses over 10,000 target compounds and 60 features based on stoichiometric attributes, elemental properties, orbital occupations, and ionic bonding levels. Using the models, we construct triangular graphs for B-C-N compounds to map out their bulk and shear moduli, as well as hardness values. The graphs indicate that a 1:1 B-N ratio can lead to various superhard compositions. We also validate the machine learning results by evolutionary structure prediction and density functional theory. Our study shows that BC10N, B4C5N3, and B2C3N exhibit dynamically stable phases with hardness values >40 GPa, which are superhard materials that potentially could be synthesized by low-temperature plasma methods.
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom
Authors: Wei Jia , Stoesser Nicole , Matthews Philippa C. , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Studley Ruth , Bell Iain , Bell John I. , Newton John N. , Farrar Jeremy , Diamond Ian , Rourke Emma , Howarth Alison , Marsden Brian D. , Hoosdally Sarah , Jones E. Yvonne , Stuart David I. , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim E. A. , Pouwels Koen B. , Eyre David W. , Walker A. Sarah ,   the COVID-19 Infection Survey team, Lambert Alex , Thomas Tina , Black Russell , Felton Antonio , Crees Megan , Jones Joel , Lloyd Lina , Sutherland Esther , Pritchard Emma , Vihta Karina-Doris , Doherty George , Kavanagh James , Chau Kevin K. , Hatch Stephanie B. , Ebner Daniel , Ferreira Lucas Martins , Christott Thomas , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Cameron Sarah , Tamblin-Hopper Phoebe , Wolna Magda , Brown Rachael , Cornall Richard , Screaton Gavin , Lythgoe Katrina , Bonsall David , Golubchik Tanya , Fryer Helen , Cox Stuart , Paddon Kevin , James Tim , House Thomas , Robotham Julie , Birrell Paul , Jordan Helena , Sheppard Tim , Athey Graham , Moody Dan , Curry Leigh , Brereton Pamela , Jarvis Ian , Godsmark Anna , Morris George , Mallick Bobby , Eeles Phil , Hay Jodie , VanSteenhouse Harper , Lee Jessica
Published: July 2021

We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a ‘low responder’ group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.
Insights into molecular structure, genome evolution and phylogenetic implication through mitochondrial genome sequence of Gleditsia sinensis
Authors: Yang Hongxia , Li Wenhui , Yu Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Zhongyi , Liu Yuxia , Wang Wenxiu , Tian Xiaoxuan
Published: July 2021

Gleditsia sinensis is an endemic species widely distributed in China with high economic and medicinal value. To explore the genomic evolution and phylogenetic relationships of G. sinensis, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of G. sinensis was sequenced and assembled, which was firstly reported in Gleditsia. The mt genome was circular and 594,121 bp in length, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the G. sinensis mt genome was 27.4% for A, 27.4% for T, 22.6% for G, 22.7% for C. The comparative analysis of PCGs in Fabaceae species showed that most of the ribosomal protein genes and succinate dehydrogenase genes were lost. In addition, we found that the rps4 gene was only lost in G. sinensis, whereas it was retained in other Fabaceae species. The phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs of 24 species (22 Fabaceae and 2 Solanaceae) showed that G. sinensis is evolutionarily closer to Senna species. In general, this research will provide valuable information for the evolution of G. sinensis and provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships within the family Fabaceae.
Tumor microenvironment in giant cell tumor of bone: evaluation of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα infiltration after denosumab treatment
Authors: Toda Yu , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Ishihara Shin , Ito Yoshihiro , Susuki Yosuke , Kawaguchi Kengo , Kiyozawa Daisuke , Takamatsu Dai , Kinoshita Izumi , Yamada Yuichi , Maehara Junki , Kimura Atsushi , Tamiya Sadafumi , Taguchi Kenichi , Matsunobu Tomoya , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakashima Yasuharu , Mawatari Masaaki , Oda Yoshinao
Published: July 2021

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate malignant bone tumor that is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes. Denosumab, which is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, can be used to treat GCTB. We focused on potential immunotherapy for GCTB and investigated the tumor microenvironment of GCTB. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemical studies of 137 tumor tissues from 96 patients. Of the naive primary specimens, 28% exhibited PD-L1 expression and 39% exhibited IDO1 expression. There was significantly more SIRPα+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ cell infiltration in PD-L1- and IDO1-positive tumors than in PD-L1- and IDO1-negative tumors. The frequency of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα+ cell infiltration in recurrent lesions treated with denosumab was significantly higher than in primary lesions and recurrent lesions not treated with denosumab. PD-L1 expression and higher SIRPα+ cell infiltration were significantly correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. PD-L1 and SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in GCTB patients with recurrent lesions after denosumab therapy.
VHL suppresses RAPTOR and inhibits mTORC1 signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ganner Athina , Gehrke Christina , Klein Marinella , Thegtmeier Lena , Matulenski Tanja , Wingendorf Laura , Wang Lu , Pilz Felicitas , Greidl Lars , Meid Lisa , Kotsis Fruzsina , Walz Gerd , Frew Ian J. , Neumann-Haefelin Elke
Published: July 2021

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene is a key event in hereditary and sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell growth and proliferation, and hyperactivation of mTOR signaling is a common finding in VHL-dependent ccRCC. Deregulation of mTOR signaling correlates with tumor progression and poor outcome in patients with ccRCC. Here, we report that the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR) is strikingly repressed by VHL. VHL interacts with RAPTOR and increases RAPTOR degradation by ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting mTORC1 signaling. Consistent with hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling in VHL-deficient ccRCC, we observed that loss of vhl-1 function in C. elegans increased mTORC1 activity, supporting an evolutionary conserved mechanism. Our work reveals important new mechanistic insight into deregulation of mTORC1 signaling in ccRCC and links VHL directly to the control of RAPTOR/mTORC1. This may represent a novel mechanism whereby loss of VHL affects organ integrity and tumor behavior.
Spherulitic and rotational crystal growth of Quartz thin films
Authors: Lutjes Nick R. , Zhou Silang , Antoja-Lleonart Jordi , Noheda Beatriz , Ocelík Václav
Published: July 2021

To obtain crystalline thin films of alpha-Quartz represents a challenge due to the tendency for the material towards spherulitic growth. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that give rise to spherulitic growth can help regulate the growth process. Here the spherulitic type of 2D crystal growth in thin amorphous Quartz films was analyzed by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). EBSD was used to measure the size, orientation, and rotation of crystallographic grains in polycrystalline SiO2 and GeO2 thin films with high spatial resolution. Individual spherulitic Quartz crystal colonies contain primary and secondary single crystal fibers, which grow radially from the colony center towards its edge, and fill a near circular crystalline area completely. During their growth, individual fibers form so-called rotational crystals, when some lattice planes are continuously bent. The directions of the lattice rotation axes in the fibers were determined by an enhanced analysis of EBSD data. A possible mechanism, including the generation of the particular type of dislocation(s), is suggested.
Smartphone-recorded physical activity for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Eades Micah T. , Tsanas Athanasios , Juraschek Stephen P. , Kramer Daniel B. , Gervino Ernest , Mukamal Kenneth J.
Published: July 2021

While cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly associated with mortality and diverse outcomes, routine measurement is limited. We used smartphone-derived physical activity data to estimate fitness among 50 older adults. We recruited iPhone owners undergoing cardiac stress testing and collected recent iPhone physical activity data. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as peak metabolic equivalents of task (METs) achieved on cardiac stress test. We then estimated peak METs using multivariable regression models incorporating iPhone physical activity data, and validated with bootstrapping. Individual smartphone variables most significantly correlated with peak METs (p-values both < 0.001) included daily peak gait speed averaged over the preceding 30 days (r = 0.63) and root mean square of the successive differences of daily distance averaged over 365 days (r = 0.57). The best-performing multivariable regression model included the latter variable, as well as age and body mass index. This model explained 68% of variability in observed METs (95% CI 46%, 81%), and estimated peak METs with a bootstrapped mean absolute error of 1.28 METs (95% CI 0.98, 1.60). Our model using smartphone physical activity estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with high performance. Our results suggest larger, independent samples might yield estimates accurate and precise for risk stratification and disease prognostication.
Influence of the type of pathogen on the clinical course of infectious complications related to cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Polewczyk Anna , Jacheć Wojciech , Segreti Luca , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Kutarski Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The specific role of the various pathogens causing cardiac implantable electronic devices-(CIEDs)-related infections requires further understanding. The data of 1241 patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction because of lead-related infective endocarditis (LRIE-773 patients) and pocket infection (PI-468 patients) in two high-volume centers were analyzed. Clinical course and long-term prognosis according to the pathogen were assessed. Blood and generator pocket cultures were most often positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA: 22.19% and 18.13% respectively), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE: 17.39% and 15.63%) and other staphylococci (11.59% and 6.46%). The worst long-term prognosis both in LRIE and PI subgroup was in patients with infection caused by Gram-positive microorganisms, other than staphylococci. The most common pathogens causing CIED infection are MSSA and MSSE, however, the role of other Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative organisms is also important. Comparable, high mortality in patients with LRIE and PI requires further studies.
Transmission dynamics of a linear vanA-plasmid during a nosocomial multiclonal outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a non-endemic area, Japan
Authors: Fujiya Yoshihiro , Harada Tetsuya , Sugawara Yo , Akeda Yukihiro , Yasuda Masako , Masumi Ayako , Hayashi Junichi , Tanimura Nobuhiro , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Shibata Wataru , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Kawahara Ryuji , Nishi Isao , Hamada Shigeyuki , Tomono Kazunori , Kakeya Hiroshi
Published: July 2021

The spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a major threat in nosocomial settings. A large-scale multiclonal VRE outbreak has rarely been reported in Japan due to low VRE prevalence. We evaluated the transmission of vancomycin resistance in a multiclonal VRE outbreak, conducted biological and genomic analyses of VRE isolates, and assessed the implemented infection control measures. In total, 149 patients harboring VanA-type VRE were identified from April 2017 to October 2019, with 153 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated being grouped into 31 pulsotypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wherein six sequence types belonged to clonal complex 17. Epidemic clones varied throughout the outbreak; however, they all carried vanA-plasmids (pIHVA). pIHVA is a linear plasmid, carrying a unique structural Tn1546 containing vanA; it moves between different Enterococcus spp. by genetic rearrangements. VRE infection incidence among patients in the “hot spot” ward correlated with the local VRE colonization prevalence. Local prevalence also correlated with vancomycin usage in the ward. Transmission of a novel transferrable vanA-plasmid among Enterococcus spp. resulted in genomic diversity in VRE in a non-endemic setting. The prevalence of VRE colonization and vancomycin usage at the ward level may serve as VRE cross-transmission indicators in non-intensive care units for outbreak control.
Differences between antioxidant defense parameters and specific trace element concentrations in healthy, benign, and malignant brain tissues
Authors: Borković-Mitić Slavica , Stojsavljević Aleksandar , Vujotić Ljiljana , Matić Siniša , Mitić Bojan , Manojlović Dragan , Pavlović Slađan
Published: July 2021

There are only a few reports examining the impact of oxidative stress in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors. In this study we investigated whether there are changes in antioxidant system (AOS) parameters and key trace elements between control, benign and malignant brain tissues. The study also aimed to examine correlations between the analyzed parameters. The study enrolled both types of brain tumors, benign tumors (BT) and malignant tumors (MT). The results were compared with control tissue (CT) without tumor infiltration collected from patients with BT. The following antioxidant parameters were determined: activities of total, manganese-containing, and copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (TotSOD, MnSOD and CuZnSOD), activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glutathione and sulfhydryl groups and of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se). BT and MT had altered activities/levels of multiple AOS parameters as compared to CT, indicating that tumor cells had an altered cell metabolism and changes in AOS represent adaptive response to increased oxidative stress. Low MnSOD and AChE and high GST activities were significant for distinguishing between MT and CT. Malignant tissue was also characterized by lower Mn and Cu concentrations relative to CT and BT. Principal Component Analysis clearly discriminated BT from CT and MT (PC1, 66.97%), while PC2 clearly discriminated CT from BT and MT (33.03%). Most correlative relationships were associated with Se in the BT group and Cu in the MT group. The results of this study reveal differences between the AOS parameters and the essential trace elements between the analyzed groups. The observed dysregulations show that oxidative stress could have an important role in disrupting brain homeostasis and its presence in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant brain tumors.
The effects of positive or negative self-talk on the alteration of brain functional connectivity by performing cognitive tasks
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Kwon Joon Hee , Kim Joohan , Kim Eun Joo , Kim Hesun Erin , Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Jae-Jin
Published: July 2021

Self-talk can improve cognitive performance, but the underlying mechanism of such improvement has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of self-talks on functional connectivity associated with cognitive performance. We used the short form of Progressive Matrices Test (sRPM) to measure differences in performance improvements between self-respect and self-criticism. Participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging in the following order: baseline, during-sRPM1, post-sRPM1, self-respect or self-criticism, during-sRPM2, and post-sRPM2. Analysis was conducted to identify the self-talks' modulatory effects on the reward-motivation, default mode, and central-executive networks. Increase in sRPM2 score compared to sRPM1 score was observed only after self-criticism. The self-talk-by-repetition interaction effect was not found for during-sRPM, but found for post-sRPM; decreased nucleus accumbens-based connectivity was shown after self-criticism compared with self-respect. However, the significant correlations between the connectivity change and performance change appeared only in the self-respect group. Our findings showed that positive self-talk and negative self-talk differently modulate brain states concerning cognitive performance. Self-respect may have both positive and negative effects due to enhanced executive functions and inaccurate confidence, respectively, whereas self-criticism may positively affect cognitive performance by inducing a less confident state that increases internal motivation and attention.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect trabecular meshwork from oxidative stress
Authors: Li Ying-chao , Zheng Juan , Wang Xi-zi , Wang Xin , Liu Wen-jing , Gao Jian-lu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on trabecular meshwork cells under oxidative stress and predict candidate genes associated with this process. Trabecular meshwork cells were pretreated with BMSC-derived exosomes for 24 h, and exposed to 0.1 mM H2O2 for 6 h. Survival rate of trabecular meshwork cells was measured with CCK-8 assay. Production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) was measured using a flow cytometer. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Sequencing of RNA and miRNA for trabecular meshwork cells from Exo and control groups was performed on BGISEQ500 platform. Phenotypically, pretreatment of BMSC-derived exosomes improves survival rate of trabecular meshwork cells exposed to H2O2, reduces production of iROS, and inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines, whereas increases expression of MMPs. There were 23 miRNAs, 307 lncRNAs, and 367 mRNAs differentially expressed between Exo and control groups. Exosomes derived from BMSCs may protect trabecular meshwork cells from oxidative stress. Candidate genes responsible for beneficial effects, such as DIO2 and HMOX1, were predicted.
Fate and adaptive plasticity of heterogeneous resistant population of Echinochloa colona in response to glyphosate
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Koetz Eric , Wu Hanwen , Hopwood Michael , Shephard Adam
Published: July 2021

Understanding the fate of heterogenous herbicide resistant weed populations in response to management practices can help towards overcoming the resistance issues. We selected one pair of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) phenotypes (2B21-R vs 2B21-S and 2B37-R vs 2B37-S) separately from two glyphosate resistant heterogeneous populations (2B21 and 2B37) of Echinochloa colona and their fate and adaptive plasticity were evaluated after glyphosate application. Our study revealed the glyphosate concentration required to cause a 50% plant mortality (LD50) was 1187, 200, 3064, and 192 g a. e. ha−1 for the four phenotypes 2B21-R, 2B21-S, 2B37-R, and 2B37-S respectively. Both S phenotypes accumulated more biomass than the R phenotypes at the lower application rates (34 and 67.5 g a. e. ha−1) of glyphosate. However, the R phenotypes generally produced more biomass at rates of glyphosate higher than 100 g a. e. ha−1 throughout the growth period. Plants from the R phenotypes of 2B21 and 2B37 generated 32% and 38% fewer spikes plant−1 than their respective S counterparts in the absence of glyphosate respectively. The spike and seed numbers plant-1 significantly higher in R than S phenotypes at increased rates of glyphosate and these relationships were significant. Our research suggests that glyphosate-resistant E. colona plants will be less fit than susceptible plants (from the same population) in the absence of glyphosate. But in the presence of glyphosate, the R plants may eventually dominate in the field. The use of glyphosate is widespread in field, would favour the selection towards resistant individuals.
Increased medial prefrontal cortical thickness and resilience to traumatic experiences in North Korean refugees
Authors: Jeong Hyunwoo , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Nambeom , Jeon Sehyun , Jun Jin Yong , Yoo So Young , Lee So Hee , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Seog Ju
Published: July 2021

Little is known regarding structural brain changes in traumatized refugees and the association with psychopathology. In the present study, the cortical thickness in North Korean refugees and the association with psychological symptoms were explored. North Korean refugees with lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD group, n = 27), trauma-exposed North Korean refugees without lifetime PTSD (trauma-exposed control (TEC) group, n = 23), and healthy South Korean controls without traumatic experiences (HC group, n = 51) completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, somatization, and PTSD symptoms. The cortical thickness was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using FreeSurfer. Age- and sex-adjusted cortical thickness of the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was greater in the TEC group than in the HC group. However, significant differences were not observed between the PTSD and HC groups. Increased right mPFC thickness was significantly correlated with less anxiety and somatization after controlling for age and sex in the TEC group, but not in the PTSD or HC groups. North Korean refugees who did not develop PTSD after trauma showed increased right mPFC thickness, which was associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms. These findings indicate that increased mPFC thickness might have helped to reduce PTSD and psychiatric symptoms after trauma, and likely reflects resilience achieved by potentially enhancing emotional regulation in the mPFC.
Rapid construct superhydrophobic microcracks on the open-surface platform for droplet manipulations
Authors: Lin Wan-Hsuan , Chen Chien-Wei , Wang Sheng-Hang , Li Bor-Ran
Published: July 2021

Droplet-based transport driven by surface tension has been explored as an automated pumping source for several biomedical applications. This paper presented a simple and fast superhydrophobic modify and patterning approach to fabricate various open-surface platforms to manipulate droplets to achieve transport, mixing, concentration, and rebounding control. Several commercial reagents were tested in our approach, and the Glaco reagent was selected to create a superhydrophobic layer; laser cutters are utilized to scan on these superhydrophobic surface to create gradient hydrophilic micro-patterns. Implementing back-and-forth vibrations on the predetermined parallel patterns, droplets can be transported and mixed successfully. Colorimetry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) mixing with substrates also reduced the reaction time by more than 5-times with the help of superhydrophobic patterned chips. Besides, patterned superhydrophobic chips can significantly improve the sensitivity of colorimetric glucose-sensing by more than 10 times. Moreover, all bioassays were distributed homogeneously within the region of hydrophilic micropatterns without the coffee-ring effect. In addition, to discuss further applications of the surface wettability, the way of controlling the droplet impacting and rebounding phenomenon was also demonstrated. This work reports a rapid approach to modify and patterning superhydrophobic films to perform droplet-based manipulations with a lower technical barrier, higher efficiency, and easier operation. It holds the potential to broaden the applications of open microfluidics in the future.
Microcontinent subduction and S-type volcanism prior to India–Asia collision
Authors: Yang Zongyao , Tang Juxing , Santosh M. , Zhao Xiaoyan , Lang Xinghai , Wang Ying , Ding Shuai , Ran Fengqin
Published: July 2021

Continental crust has long been considered too buoyant to be subducted beneath another continent, although geophysical evidence in collision zones predict continental crust subduction. This is particularly significant where upper continental crust is detached allowing the lower continental crust to subduct, albeit the mechanism of such subduction and recycling of the upper continental crust remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate Paleocene S-type magmatic and volcanic rocks from the Linzizong volcanic succession in the southern Lhasa block of Tibet. These rocks exhibit highly enriched 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb together with depleted 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios. The geochemical and isotopic features of these rocks are consistent with those of modern upper continental crust. We conclude that these Paleocene S-type volcanic and magmatic rocks originated from the melting of the upper continental crust from microcontinent subduction during the late stage of India–Asia convergence.
Fluid shear stress regulates placental growth factor expression via heme oxygenase 1 and iron
Authors: Rashdan Nabil A. , Zhai Bo , Lovern Pamela C.
Published: July 2021

Increased fluid shear stress (FSS) is a key initiating stimulus for arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of collateral arterioles in response to upstream occlusion. Placental growth factor (PLGF) is an important arteriogenic mediator. We previously showed that elevated FSS increases PLGF in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent fashion both in vitro and ex vivo. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that is upregulated by stress and has arteriogenic effects. In the current study, we used isolated murine mesentery arterioles and co-cultures of human coronary artery endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) to test the hypothesis that HO-1 mediates the effects of FSS on PLGF. HO-1 mRNA was increased by conditions of increased flow and shear stress in both co-cultures and vessels. Both inhibition of HO-1 with zinc protoporphyrin and HO-1 knockdown abolished the effect of FSS on PLGF. Conversely, induction of HO-1 activity increased PLGF. To determine which HO-1 product upregulates PLGF, co-cultures were treated with a CO donor (CORM-A1), biliverdin, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), or iron-nitrilotriacetic acid (iron-NTA). Of these FAC and iron-NTA induced an increase PLGF expression. This study demonstrates that FSS acts through iron to induce pro-arteriogenic PLGF, suggesting iron supplementation as a novel potential treatment for revascularization.
Application of PLGA nanoparticles to enhance the action of duloxetine on microglia in neuropathic pain
Authors: Kim Song I , Shin Juhee , Tran Quangdon , Park Hyewon , Kwon Hyeok Hee , Shin Nara , Hwang Jeong-Ah , Shin Hyo Jung , Lee Jiyong , Lee Won Hyung , Lee Sun Yeul , Kim Dong Woon
Published: July 2021

Duloxetine (DLX) encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles were applied intrathecally into the spinal cord of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain rats. DLX nanoparticles significantly alleviated pain behavior by enhanced targeting of microglia.
Antibody-functionalized theranostic protein nanoparticles for the synergistic deep red fluorescence imaging and multimodal therapy of ovarian cancer
Authors: Borlan Raluca , Focsan Monica , Perde-Schrepler Maria , Soritau Olga , Campu Andreea , Gaina Luiza , Pall Emoke , Pop Bogdan , Baldasici Oana , Gherman Claudia , Stoia Daria , Maniu Dana , Astilean Simion
Published: July 2021

This work presents novel phototheranostic protein nanoagents loaded with a newly synthesized deep red dye, revealing fluorescence imaging, photothermal and photodynamic features simultaneously upon targeted internalization within ovarian cancer cells.
Development of new dinuclear Fe(iii) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity
Authors: Moreira Felipe Figueirôa , Portes Juliana de Araujo , Barros Azeredo Nathália Florência , Fernandes Christiane , Horn Adolfo , Santiago Cristina Pinheiro , Segat Bruna Barriquel , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Madureira Letícia Maria Pequeno , Candela Dalber Ruben Sanchez , Marques Marcelo Monteiro , Lamounier Camargos Resende Jackson Antônio , de Souza Wanderley , DaMatta Renato Augusto , Seabra Sergio Henrique
Published: July 2021

Two new μ-oxo-diiron(iii) complexes were synthesized and chemically characterized, and found to be active against T. cruzi epimastigotes at concentrations in the nanomolar range, showing low cytotoxicity to the host cell, resulting in an impressive SI.
Fe, Ni-codoped W18O49 grown on nickel foam as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for boosted water splitting
Authors: Hai Guojuan , Huang Jianfeng , Cao Liyun , Kajiyoshi Koji , Wang Long , Feng Liangliang , Liu Yijun , Pan Limin
Published: July 2021

Electrocatalytic materials with different doping forms were designed for efficient water splitting.
Hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones and CO2 under mild conditions mediated by iron(iii) salen complexes
Authors: Lau Samantha , Provis-Evans Cei B. , James Alexander P. , Webster Ruth L.
Published: July 2021

The hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones and CO2 is demonstrated using a cheap and air stable [Fe(salen)]2-μ-oxo pre-catalyst with pinacolborane (HBpin) as the reductant under mild conditions.
Clarification of mechanisms of protonic photovoltaic action initiated by photoexcitation of strong photoacids covalently bound to hydrated Nafion cation-exchange membranes wetted by aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Luo Simon , White William , Cardon Joseph M. , Ardo Shane
Published: July 2021

Junctions formed from materials that contain mobile charged species and fixed counterions can assist in photo-induced charge separation and lead to photovoltaic action, irrespective of whether the mobile charges are electronic or protonic.
Solid–electrolyte-interphase design in constrained ensemble for solid-state batteries
Authors: Fitzhugh William , Chen Xi , Wang Yichao , Ye Luhan , Li Xin
Published: July 2021

All-solid-state battery is fundamentally different from liquid electrolyte batteries. To design interface stabilities, the solid system must be described by the constrained thermodynamic ensemble rather than the conventional unconstrained ensemble.
Sustainable off-grid desalination of hypersaline waters using Janus wood evaporators
Authors: Chen Xi , He Shuaiming , Falinski Mark M. , Wang Yuxi , Li Tian , Zheng Sunxiang , Sun Dongya , Dai Jiaqi , Bian Yanhong , Zhu Xiaobo , Jiang Jinyue , Hu Liangbing , Ren Zhiyong Jason
Published: July 2021

A sustainable Janus wood evaporator with asymmetric surface wettability shows persistent salt-resistance for off-grid hypersaline waters desalination.
Models for measuring metabolic chemical changes in the metastasis of high grade serous ovarian cancer: fallopian tube, ovary, and omentum
Authors: Lusk Hannah , Burdette Joanna E. , Sanchez Laura M.
Published: July 2021

High grade serous ovarian cancer is the most common and deadly subtype of ovarian cancer and has a distinct pattern of metastasis originating in the fallopian tube and then it metastasizes first to the ovary, and later to the omentum.
Review of core/shell nanostructures presenting good hyperthermia properties for cancer therapy
Authors: Cardona Juan Esteban Montoya , Louaguef Dounia , Gaffet Eric , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Alem Halima
Published: July 2021

Hyperthermia is becoming one of the most promising treatments for cancer therapy.
Sulfonic acid functionalized graphitic carbon nitride as solid acid–base bifunctional catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation and multicomponent tandem reactions
Authors: Choudhary Priyanka , Sen Arghya , Kumar Ajay , Dhingra Suman , Nagaraja C. M. , Krishnan Venkata
Published: July 2021

A highly efficient, non-toxic, metal-free, low-cost, acid–base bifunctional sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) nanosheets for Knoevenagel condensation and multicomponent tandem reactions under environmentally benign conditions.
Synergistic defect engineering and microstructure tuning in lithium tantalate for high-contrast mechanoluminescence of Bi3+: toward application for optical information display
Authors: Hu Rui , Zhang Ying , Zhao Yan , Wang Xusheng , Li Guorong , Deng Mingxue
Published: July 2021

LiTaO3:Bi/Ga achieves a high-contrast ML performance employing defect and microstructure tuning owing to the optimization of trap distribution and piezoelectric field.
Aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles with NIR and photosensitizing characteristics for resistant bacteria elimination and real-time tracking
Authors: Yuan Huanxiang , Li Zelin , Bai Haotian , Chen Zhuo , Yao Chuang , Jia Shaochuan , Li Li , Qi Ruilian , Zhao Cui-Hua
Published: July 2021

Because of the steady increase in multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections, we developed a viable treatment strategy using new antibacterial nanomaterials with photosensitizing effects.
Highly porous copper-supported magnetic nanocatalysts: made of volcanic pumice textured by cellulose and applied for the reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Saeidirad Mahdi , Qazi Fateme Sadat , Fazeli Atefeh , Maleki Ali , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: July 2021

Herein, a novel designed heterogeneous catalytic system constructed of volcanic pumice magnetic particles (VPMPs), cellulose (CLS) as a natural polymeric matrix, and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) is presented.
Effects of trypsin-induced limited hydrolysis on the structural, functional, and bioactive properties of sericin
Authors: Omar Adil , Gao Yanhua , Wubulikasimu Atikan , Arken Amina , Aisa Haji Akber , Yili Abulimiti
Published: July 2021

Sericin was hydrolyzed to a limited extent using trypsin, then the physicochemical, prebiotic, and antioxidative properties of the obtained hydrolysates were investigated.
Cerium photocatalyzed radical smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids
Authors: Tripathy Alisha Rani , Yedase Girish Suresh , Yatham Veera Reddy
Published: July 2021

Visible light-driven CeCl3-mediated aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement is reported.
Photochemistry and photoinhibition of the H-cluster of FeFe hydrogenases
Authors: Sensi Matteo , Baffert Carole , Fourmond Vincent , de Gioia Luca , Bertini Luca , Léger Christophe
Published: July 2021

The photosensitivity of the active site of hydrogenases is an opportunity for studying its reactivity. However, the photoinhibition of certain hydrogenases may have a negative impact on H2 photoproduction.
Protein-based soft actuator with high photo-response and easy modulation for anisotropic cell alignment and proliferation in a liquid environment
Authors: Chiang Min-Yu , Lo Yu-Chih , Lai Yen-Han , Yong Yu-Yan Au , Chang Shwu-Jen , Chen Wen-Liang , Chen San-Yuan
Published: July 2021

An elastin-like polypeptide-based complex soft actuator can rapidly induce the alignment and proliferation of skeletal muscle cellsviamultiple anisotropic bending with NIR laser stimulation.
Thermal enhancement of the 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 up-conversion luminescence of Er3+-doped K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4) phosphors
Authors: Cui Hongqiang , Cao Yongze , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuhang , Ran Siying , Cao Long , Wang Yichao , Wu Danyang , Li Xiangping , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Luran , Chen Baojiu
Published: July 2021

K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4):Er3+ has a thermal enhancement of 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 up-conversion luminescence and a high temperature sensitivity. Moreover, at high temperatures, its green intensity is comparable to commercial NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+.
Prognostic significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic carcinoma patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Lin Huapeng , Ouyang Renbin , Yang Yaowei , Peng Jing
Published: July 2021

Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic indicator for several malignancies, including pancreatic carcinoma; however, there is no consensus on its significance. In the current study, a systematic meta-analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma patients.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were screened from inception to May 2020. Studies describing the prognostic role of SII in pancreatic carcinoma were then retrieved. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models to determine the correlation between SII and prognosis.

Results: A total of four studies, comprising 1749 patients, met the inclusion criteria of the study and were therefore included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high SII indicated was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.24–1.65, P<0.001). These findings were validated through subgroup analyses, stratified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. In addition, patients with high SII showed poorer cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48, P<0.001). However, analysis showed no significant correlations between SII and disease-free and relapse-free survival (RFS).

Conclusion: These findings indicate that SII is a potential non-invasive and a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients. However, the current research did not explore whether neoadjuvant therapy has an effect on the prognostic value of SII. Further studies using adequate designs and larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
Hybrid Telepractice Delivery of Enhanced Milieu Teaching: Effects on Caregiver Implementation and Child Communication
Authors: Quinn Emily D. , Kaiser Ann P. , Ledford Jennifer
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This study investigated the effects of enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) on caregiver implementation of language support strategies and child communication skills using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model.

Method

Four caregivers and children with language delays aged 18–27 months participated in a multiple baseline across behaviors single-case research design. The therapist provided EMT to each caregiver–child dyad using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model with approximately 40% in-person and 60% telepractice sessions. Caregivers were taught to use five EMT language support strategies: matched turns, target talk, expansions, time delays, and milieu teaching episodes. Caregiver instruction followed the Teach–Model–Coach–Review approach. Caregiver outcomes were two measures of EMT implementation fidelity, accuracy, and frequency of EMT strategy use. Accuracy was measured by the percentage of spoken turns in which caregivers used each strategy correctly. Frequency was measured by the number of spoken turns in which caregivers used each strategy correctly. Child outcomes were number of communication acts, weighted count of communication acts, and number of different words.

Results

There was a functional relation between the intervention and the accuracy of EMT strategy use for all four dyads, and the frequency of strategy use for three dyads. Caregiver use of EMT strategies maintained for 6 weeks post-intervention. After caregivers learned EMT strategies, gradual increases in the number of communication acts, weighted count of communication acts, and number of different words occurred for three children.

Conclusion

Results demonstrate the preliminary efficacy of using a hybrid telepractice service delivery model to teach caregivers EMT language support strategies.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14977605
Irony Comprehension in Children With Cochlear Implants: The Role of Language Competence, Theory of Mind, and Prosody Recognition
Authors: Panzeri Francesca , Cavicchiolo Sara , Giustolisi Beatrice , Di Berardino Federica , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Vizziello Paola , Donnini Veronica , Zanetti Diego
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Aims of this research were (a) to investigate higher order linguistic and cognitive skills of Italian children with cochlear implants (CIs); (b) to correlate them with the comprehension of irony, which has never been systematically studied in this population; and (c) to identify the factors that facilitate the development of this competence.

Method

We tested 28 Italian children with CI (mean chronological age = 101 [
SD
= 25.60] months, age range: 60–144 months), and two control groups of normal-hearing (NH) peers matched for chronological age and for hearing age, on a series of tests assessing their cognitive abilities (nonverbal intelligence and theory of mind), linguistic skills (morphosyntax and prosody recognition), and irony comprehension.

Results

Despite having grammatical abilities in line with the group of NH children matched for hearing age, children with CI lag behind both groups of NH peers on the recognition of emotions through prosody and on the comprehension of ironic stories, even if these two abilities were not related.

Conclusions

This is the first study that targeted irony comprehension in children with CI, and we found that this competence, which is crucial for maintaining good social relationships with peers, is impaired in this population. In line with other studies, we found a correlation between this ability and advanced theory of mind skills, but at the same time, a deeper investigation is needed, to account for the high variability of performance in children with CI.