bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Use and Subsequent Cessation Among Hospitalized Patients in Mumbai, India: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kruse Gina R , Thawal Vaibhav , Gupte Himanshu A , Chaudhuri Leni , Pradhan Sultan , Howard Sydney , Rigotti Nancy A
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Hospitalization is an important setting to address tobacco use. Little is known about post-discharge cessation and treatment use in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to assess tobacco use after hospital discharge among patients in Mumbai, India.

Methods

Longitudinal observational study of inpatients (≥15 years) admitted at one hospital from November 2015 to October 2016. Patients reporting current tobacco use were surveyed by telephone after discharge.

Results

Of 2894 inpatients approached, 2776 participated and 15.7% (N = 437) reported current tobacco use, including 5.3% (N = 147) smokers, 9.1% (N = 252) smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, and 1.4% (N = 38) dual users. Excluding dual users, SLT users, compared to smokers, were less likely to report a plan to quit after discharge (42.6% vs. 54.2%, p = .04), a past-year quit attempt (38.1% vs. 52.7%, p = .004), to agree that tobacco has harmed them (57.9% vs. 70.3%, p = .02) or caused their hospitalization (43.4% vs. 61.4%, p < .001). After discharge, 77.6% of smokers and 78.6% of SLT users reported trying to quit (p = .81). Six-month continuous abstinence after discharge was reported by 27.2% of smokers and 24.6% of SLT users (p = .56). Nearly all relapses to tobacco use after discharge occurred within 30 days and did not differ by tobacco type (log-rank p = .08). Use of evidence-based cessation treatment was reported by 6.5% (N = 26).

Conclusions

Three-quarters of tobacco users in a Mumbai hospital attempted to quit after discharge. One-quarter reported continuous tobacco abstinence for 6 months despite little use of cessation treatment. Increasing post-discharge cessation support could further increase cessation rates and improve patient outcomes.

Implications

No prior study has measured the patterns of tobacco use and cessation among hospitalized tobacco users in India. Three-quarters of tobacco users admitted to a hospital in Mumbai attempted to quit after discharge, and one-quarter remained tobacco-free for 6 months, indicating that hospitalization may be an opportune time to offer a cessation intervention. Although smokers and SLT users differed in socioeconomic status, perceived risks and interest in quitting, they did not differ in their ability to stay abstinent after hospital discharge.
A guide to methods for estimating phago-mixotrophy in nanophytoplankton
Authors: Beisner Beatrix E , Grossart Hans-Peter , Gasol Josep M
Published: February 2019

Growing attention to phytoplankton mixotrophy as a trophic strategy has led to significant revisions of traditional pelagic food web models and ecosystem functioning. Although some empirical estimates of mixotrophy do exist, a much broader set of in situ measurements are required to (i) identify which organisms are acting as mixotrophs in real time and to (ii) assess the contribution of their heterotrophy to biogeochemical cycling. Estimates are needed through time and across space to evaluate which environmental conditions or habitats favour mixotrophy: conditions still largely unknown. We review methodologies currently available to plankton ecologists to undertake estimates of plankton mixotrophy, in particular nanophytoplankton phago-mixotrophy. Methods are based largely on fluorescent or isotopic tracers, but also take advantage of genomics to identify phylotypes and function. We also suggest novel methods on the cusp of use for phago-mixotrophy assessment, including single-cell measurements improving our capacity to estimate mixotrophic activity and rates in wild plankton communities down to the single-cell level. Future methods will benefit from advances in nanotechnology, micromanipulation and microscopy combined with stable isotope and genomic methodologies. Improved estimates of mixotrophy will enable more reliable models to predict changes in food web structure and biogeochemical flows in a rapidly changing world.
Antecedents and outcome of entrepreneurial identification: The moderating effect of role orientation
Authors: Zou Bo , Li Yanxia , Guo Jinyu , Guo Feng
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the entrepreneurial identification (EI), through the perspectives of social identity theory and identity theory. Using an empirical method, we investigate factors that affect the formation of EI. Results show that academic entrepreneurs’ multiple identities (MI) and role conflict (RC) influence such type of formation. Moreover, we use role orientation (RO) as a moderating variable and find that, although RO of academic entrepreneurs can moderate the relationship between RC and EI, the effect of MI on EI cannot be moderated by ROin a significant way. We also discuss and validate the relationship between EI and academic entrepreneurial performance. These findings highlight the importance of certain factors in forming anEI, thus providing theoretical contributions of RO moderation in the relationship between RC and EI, as well as insights into the integration of social identity theory with identity theory.
Predicting queue wait time probabilities for multi-scale computing
Authors: Jancauskas Vytautas , Piontek Tomasz , Kopta Piotr , Bosak Bartosz
Published: February 2019

We describe a method for queue wait time prediction in supercomputing clusters. It was designed for use as a part of multi-criteria brokering mechanisms for resource selection in a multi-site High Performance Computing environment. The aim is to incorporate the time jobs stay queued in the scheduling system into the selection criteria. Our method can also be used by the end users to estimate the time to completion of their computing jobs. It uses historical data about the particular system to make predictions. It returns a list of probability estimates of the form (
t

i

, 
p

i

), where
p

i

is the probability that the job will start before time
t

i

. Times
t

i

can be chosen more or less freely when deploying the system. Compared to regression methods that only return a single number as a queue wait time estimate (usually without error bars) our prediction system provides more useful information. The probability estimates are calculated using the Bayes theorem with the naive assumption that the attributes describing the jobs are independent. They are further calibrated to make sure they are as accurate as possible, given available data. We describe our service and its REST API and the underlying methods in detail and provide empirical evidence in support of the method's efficacy.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale’.
Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale
Authors: Hoekstra Alfons G. , Portegies Zwart Simon , Coveney Peter V.
Published: February 2019

This short contribution introduces a theme issue dedicated to ‘Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale’. It holds a collection of articles presenting cutting-edge research in generic multiscale modelling and multiscale computing, and applications thereof on high-performance computing systems. The special issue starts with a position paper to discuss the paradigm of multiscale computing in the face of the emerging exascale, followed by a review and critical assessment of existing multiscale computing environments. This theme issue provides a state-of-the-art account of generic multiscale computing, as well as exciting examples of applications of such concepts in domains ranging from astrophysics, via material science and fusion, to biomedical sciences.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale’.
Granulicella sibirica sp. nov., a psychrotolerant acidobacterium isolated from an organic soil layer in forested tundra, West Siberia
Authors: Oshkin Igor Y. , Kulichevskaya Irina S. , Rijpstra W. Irene C. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Rakitin Andrey L. , Ravin Nikolai V. , Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: February 2019

An isolate of strictly aerobic, pale-pink pigmented bacteria, strain AF10T, was obtained from an organic soil layer in forested tundra, Nadym region, West Siberia. Cells of strain AF10T were Gram-negative, non-motile rods that produced an amorphous extracellular polysaccharide-like substance and formed large cell aggregates in old cultures. These bacteria were chemoorganotrophic, mildly acidophilic and psychrotolerant, and grew between pH 3.5 and 7.0 (optimum, pH 4.5–5.0) and at temperatures between 2 and 30 °C. The preferred growth substrates were sugars and some polysaccharides. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 1∆9 c and 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid. The genome of strain AF10T was 6.14 Mbp in size and encoded a wide repertoire of carbohydrate active enzymes. The genomic DNA G+C content was 59.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain AF10T is a member of the genus Granulicella, family

Acidobacteriaceae

, but displays 94.4–98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to currently described members of this genus. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, we propose to classify this bacterium as representing a novel species of the genus Granulicella,

Granulicella
sibirica sp. nov. Strain AF10T (=DSM 104461T=VKM B-3276T) is the type strain.
Aggregatilinea lenta gen. nov., sp. nov., a slow-growing, facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from subseafloor sediment, and proposal of the new order Aggregatilineales ord. nov. within the class Anaerolineae of the phylum Chloroflexi
Authors: Nakahara Nozomi , Nobu Masaru K. , Takaki Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Masayuki , Tasumi Eiji , Sakai Sanae , Ogawara Miyuki , Yoshida Naoko , Tamaki Hideyuki , Yamanaka Yuko , Katayama Arata , Yamaguchi Takashi , Takai Ken , Imachi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2019

A novel slow-growing, facultatively anaerobic, filamentous bacterium, strain MO-CFX2T, was isolated from a methanogenic microbial community in a continuous-flow bioreactor that was established from subseafloor sediment collected off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan. Cells were multicellular filamentous, non-motile and Gram-stain-negative. The filaments were generally more than 20 µm (up to approximately 200 µm) long and 0.5–0.6 µm wide. Cells possessed pili-like structures on the cell surface and a multilayer structure in the cytoplasm. Growth of the strain was observed at 20–37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.5–8.0 (pH 6.5–7.0), and 0–30 g l−1 NaCl (5 g l−1 NaCl). Under optimum growth conditions, doubling time and maximum cell density were estimated to be approximately 19 days and ~105 cells ml−1, respectively. Strain MO-CFX2T grew chemoorganotrophically on a limited range of organic substrates in anaerobic conditions. The major cellular fatty acids were saturated C16 : 0 (47.9 %) and C18 : 0 (36.9 %), and unsaturated C18 : 1ω9c (6.0 %) and C16 : 1ω7 (5.1 %). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 63.2 mol%. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain MO-CFX2T shares a notably low sequence identity with its closest relatives, which were Thermanaerothrix daxensis GNS-1T and Thermomarinilinea lacunifontana SW7T (both 85.8 % sequence identity). Based on these phenotypic and genomic properties, we propose the name Aggregatilinea lenta gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain MO-CFX2T (=KCTC 15625T, =JCM 32065T). In addition, we also propose the associated family and order as Aggregatilineaceae fam. nov. and Aggregatilineales ord. nov., respectively.
LiSEQ – whole-genome sequencing of a cross-sectional survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and human clinical cases in Europe
Authors: Painset Anaïs , Björkman Jonas T. , Kiil Kristoffer , Guillier Laurent , Mariet Jean-François , Félix Benjamin , Amar Corinne , Rotariu Ovidiu , Roussel Sophie , Perez-Reche Francisco , Brisse Sylvain , Moura Alexandra , Lecuit Marc , Forbes Ken , Strachan Norval , Grant Kathie , Møller-Nielsen Eva , Dallman Timothy J.
Published: February 2019

We present the LiSEQ (
Listeria
SEQuencing) project, funded by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) to compare

Listeria monocytogenes

isolates collected in the European Union from ready-to-eat foods, compartments along the food chain (e.g. food-producing animals, food-processing environments) and humans. In this article, we report the molecular characterization of a selection of this data set employing whole-genome sequencing analysis. We present an overview of the strain diversity observed in different sampled sources, and characterize the isolates based on their virulence and resistance profile. We integrate into our analysis the global

L. monocytogenes

genome collection described by Moura and colleagues in 2016 to assess the representativeness of the LiSEQ collection in the context of known

L. monocytogenes

strain diversity.
I believe, therefore I am: Effects of self-control beliefs on behavioral and electrophysiological markers of inhibitory and emotional attention control
Authors: Vanlessen Naomi , Rigoni Davide , Schettino Antonio , Brass Marcel
Published: February 2019

In this study, a placebo/nocebo neuro-stimulation procedure was employed to investigate if expectations about self-control can influence self-control exertion. More specifically, we recorded behavioral and electrophysiological responses in an emotional antisaccade task in a between-subjects design, in which one group was led to believe that self-control was enhanced (MSC group) and the other that self-control was weakened (LSC group). This set-up allowed to investigate both response and emotional inhibition, as well as different stages at which control can be exerted during task performance, using Event-Related Potential (ERP) methods. Results showed that the bogus neuro-stimulation indeed installed the expectation of respectively better or worse self-control capacity, as well as the retrospective evaluation at the end of the experiment that the neuro-stimulation changed their self-control in that direction. Participants in the MSC compared to the LSC group showed higher accuracy in trials in which inhibitory control was necessary (antisaccade trials). ERP results showed no effect of the placebo/nocebo manipulation at the level of attention and inhibitory control. In sum, this study showed that high-order cognitive processes are not immune to the influence of expectations induced by a placebo/nocebo procedure, and shows that instructions alone can induce a placebo/nocebo effect in cognitive functioning.
Comparison of SVM and Spectral Embedding in Promoter Biobricks’ Categorizing and Clustering
Authors: Zou Shangjie
Published: February 2019

Background

In organisms’ genomes, promoters are short DNA sequences on the upstream of structural genes, with the function of controlling genes’ transcription. Promoters can be roughly divided into two classes: constitutive promoters and inducible promoters. Promoters with clear functional annotations are practical synthetic biology biobricks. Many statistical and machine learning methods have been introduced to predict the functions of candidate promoters. Spectral Eigenmap has been proved to be an effective clustering method to classify biobricks, while support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful machine learning algorithm, especially when dataset is small.

Methods

The two algorithms: spectral embedding and SVM are applied to the same dataset with 375 prokaryotic promoters. For spectral embedding, a Laplacian matrix is built with edit distance, followed by K-Means Clustering. The sequences are represented by numeric vector to serve as dataset for SVM trainning.

Results

SVM achieved a high predicting accuracy of 93.07% in 10-fold cross validation for classification of promoters’ transcriptional functions. Laplacian eigenmap (spectral embedding) based on editing distance may not be capable for extracting discriminative features for this task.

Availability

Codes, datasets and some important matrices are available on github https://github.com/shangjieZou/Promoter-transcriptional-predictor/tree/source-code
2-Cl-C.OXT-A Stimulates Contraction through the Suppression of Phosphodiesterase Activity in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiac Organoids
Authors: Kitsuka Takahiro , Itoh Manabu , Amamoto Sojiro , Arai Ken-ichi , Oyama Junichi , Node Koichi , Toda Shuji , Morita Shigeki , Nishida Takahiro , Nakayama Koichi
Published: February 2019

Background

2-Cl-C.OXT-A (COA-Cl) is a novel synthesized adenosine analog that activates S1P1 receptor (S1P1R) and combines with adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in G proteins and was shown to enhance angiogenesis and improve the brain function in rat stroke models. However, the role of COA-Cl in hearts remains unclear. COA-Cl, which has a similar structure to xanthine derivatives, has the potential to suppress phosphodiesterase (PDE), which is an important factor involved in the beating of heart muscle.

Methods and results

Cardiac organoids with fibroblasts, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) were cultured until they started beating. The beating and contraction of organoids were observed before and after the application of COA-Cl. COA-Cl significantly increased the beating rate and fractional area change in organoids. To elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects of COA-Cl on cardiac myocytes, pure hiPSC-CM spheroids were evaluated in the presence/absence of Suramin (antagonist of A1R). The effects of COA-Cl, SEW2871 (direct stimulator of S1P1R), two positive inotropes (Isoproterenol [ISO] and Forskolin [FSK]), and negative inotrope (Propranolol [PRP]) on spheroids were assessed based on the beating rates and cAMP levels. COA-Cl stimulated the beating rates about 1.5-fold compared with ISO and FSK, while PRP suppressed the beating rate. However, no marked changes were observed with SEW2871. COA-Cl, ISO, and FSK increased the cAMP level. In contrast, the level of cAMP did not change with PRP or SEW2871 treatment. The results were the same in the presence of Suramin as absence. Furthermore, an enzyme analysis showed that COA-Cl suppressed the PDE activity by half.

Conclusions

COA-Cl, which has neovascularization effects, suppressed PDE and increased the contraction of cardiac organoids, independent of S1P1R and A1R. These findings suggest that COA-Cl may be useful as an inotropic agent for promoting angiogenesis in the future.
Skin transcriptome reveals the Periodic changes in genes underlying hair follicle cycling in Cashmere goats
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Yang Feng , Zhao Meng , Mu Qing , Che Tianyu , Xie Yuchun , Ma Lina , Mi Lu , Su Rui , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Ruijun , Wang Zhiying , Yanhong Zhao , Li Jinquan
Published: February 2019

Cashmere goats, as an important part of animal husbandry production, make outstanding contributions to animal fiber industry. In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on the molecular regulation mechanism of hair follicle cycle growth. However, there are few reports on the molecular regulation mechanisms of secondary hair follicle growth cycle in cashmere goats. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing technique to sequence the skin of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats in different periods, Analyze the variation and difference of genes in the whole hair follicle cycle. And then, we verified the regulation mechanism of cashmere goat secondary hair follicle growth cycle by fluorescence quantitative PCR. As the result shows: The results of tissue section showed that the growth cycle of cashmere hair could be divided into three distinct periods: growth period (March-September), regression period (September-December) and resting period (December-March). The results of differential gene analysis showed that March was considered the beginning of the cycle, and the difference of gene expression was the most significant. Cluster analysis of gene expression in the whole growth cycle further supported the key nodes of the three periods of villus growth, and the differential gene expression of keratin corresponding to the villus growth cycle further supported the results of tissue slices. Quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that KAP3.1, KRTAP 8-1 and KRTAP 24-1 genes had close positive correlation with the growth cycle of cashmere, and their regulation was consistent with the growth cycle of cashmere. However, there was a sequence of expression time, indicating that the results of cycle regulation made the growth of cashmere change.
On the importance of service performance and customer satisfaction in third-party logistics selection
Authors: Asian Sobhan , Pool Javad Khazaei , Nazarpour Ali , Tabaeeian Reihaneh Alsadat
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Developing strategic relationships with third-party logistics (3PL) providers has long been one of the key challenges in automotive supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach for evaluation and indexing 3PL providers using the Kano model.

Design/methodology/approach

The statistical population used in this research comprises managers from the Iranian automotive industry. The Kano evaluation approach is used to analyze the data collected and to classify the criteria used in selection of the preferred 3PL providers.

Findings

The results suggest that the proposed framework, based on the Kano classification, can be a powerful tool for the automotive industry in evaluating 3PL providers. Moreover, the analyses indicate that 3PL providers need to improve their service offering in aspects that are to be found in the Kano model’s requirements, namely, must-be, one-dimensional and attractive.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the supply chain management literature by being the first to classify selection indices of 3PL providers in the automotive industry using the Kano model.
Effects of wave breaking on the oceanic boundary layer in hurricane conditions
Authors: Wan Zhanhong , Lü Xiuyang , Jiawang Chen , Song Tianyu , Luo Shizhu
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Wave breaking significantly affects the exchange process between ocean and atmosphere. This paper aims to simulate the upper ocean dynamics under the influence of wave breaking, which may help to figure out the transport of energy by these breakers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a breaker-LES model to simulate the oceanic boundary layer in hurricane conditions, in which breakers become the main source of momentum and energy instead of traditional wind stress.

Findings

The mean horizontal velocities and energy increase rapidly with wind speed, reflecting that input from atmosphere dominates the coherent structure in the upper ocean. The penetration ability of a breaker limits its effective depth and thus the total turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decreases sharply near the surface. Langmuir circulation is the main source of TKE in deeper water. The authors compared the dissipation rate (e) in the simulations with two estimates and found that the model tends to the scaling of ε∼z–3.4 at extreme wind speeds.

Originality/value

The probability distribution of breakers is also discussed based on the balance between the input from atmosphere and output by wave breaking. The authors considered the contribution of micro-scale breakers and revaluated the probability density function. The results show stability in hurricane conditions.
Textile pattern reconstruction and innovation using artificial neural network
Authors: Tao Chen , Duan Yafeng , Hong Xinghua
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advance a digital technology that is intended to bring about innovations on the existing textile patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

The pattern is deemed as a relation function between colors and positions which can be learnt by the artificial neural network (ANN). The outputs of the ANN are used for the reconstruction of the pattern and the innovation is performed by interceptors in the input/output layer. The ANN is carried out with one input layer, one output layer and several hidden layers, and the capacity of the architecture is adjusted by the scale of hidden layers to accommodate different function relations of the patterns. The training is conducted repeatedly on a sample set extracted from the pixels of the pattern image to minimize the error, and the chromatic outputs of the architecture are replaced to their origins so as to rebuild the pattern. Then, the interceptors are installed into the input and output layers to modulate the positions and the colors, and consequently the innovations are achieved on the geometric formation and color distribution of the pattern.

Findings

It has turned out that the precision of reconstruction is concerned with network scale, training epochs and color mode of the sample set. Four primary innovative effects including stripes, twisters, sandification and overprints have been qualified in terms of interceptors.

Originality/value

This study introduces ANN into textile pattern generation and provides a novel way to perform digital innovation of textile patterns.
Conference report: innovation, interaction … and a lot of data: first time reflections on Internet Librarian International, UK 2018
Authors: Harper Ray
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to summarise a number of presentations at Day 1 of the Internet Librarian International conference, London, UK (16 October 2018). This was the 20th conference in the series, and the three key themes included were the next-gen library and librarian; understanding users, usage and user experience; and inclusion and inspiration: libraries making a difference.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports from the viewpoint of a first-time attendee of the conference. This summarises the main issues raised by each presentation and draws out the key learning points for practical situations.

Findings

The conference covered a variety of practical ways in which libraries can use technology to support users and make decisions about services. These include developing interactive physical spaces which include augmented reality; introducing “chat-bots” to support users; using new techniques to analyse data; and piloting new ways to engage users (such as coding clubs). A key theme was how we use and harness data in a way that is ethical, effective and relevant to library services.

Originality/value

This conference focussed on practical examples of how library and information services across sectors and countries are innovating in a period of huge change. The conference gave delegates numerous useful ideas and examples of best practice and demonstrated the strength of the profession in adapting to new technologies and developments.
Relationship between human resource management practices, ethical climates and organizational performance, the missing link
Authors: Sabiu Malam Salihu , Ringim Kabiru Jinjiri , Mei Tang Swee , Joarder Mohd Hasanur Raihan
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices, (recruitment and selection) and organizational performance (OP) through mediation role of ethical climates (ECs) in Nigerian educational agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data were collected from 181 educational agencies represented by director of administration; SmartPLS-SEM was used in testing the relationship, as well as testing the mediating effect of ECs.

Findings

The results revealed strong support for the mediating role of ECs on the relationship between HRM practice (recruitment and selection) and OP.

Research limitations/implications

Policy makers and executives in educational agencies need to consider making appropriate decision in terms of effectively adopt and implement performance-based HRM practices that can encourage and create ethical behavior of employees’ and within organization. Through the adoption and utilization of these practices, educational agencies can enhance OP.

Practical implications

This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between HRM and OP by clarifying a pathway between these variables. This study also generalizes consistent findings on the HRM practices and OP relationship to a different discipline and context, i.e. educational agencies.

Originality/value

This study adds to the domain of resource-based view by incorporating EC as a mediator between HRM practices and OP.
Cognitive influences shaping grade decision-making
Authors: Pownall Ian , Kennedy Victoria
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the influences that shape the intention of a grading decision at the point at which it is made. This can be particularly important when those influences may vary during the marking process making reflective analyses also difficult to explore.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors draw upon a small sample of assessed scripts from two UK higher educational institutions and undertake a factor analysis of potentially important influences that shape the grading decision at the cognitive point it is made.

Findings

The authors’ findings indicate that for the sample analysed, the marker’s most important influences were those associated with the normative view of marking, although they also suggest potential influences from when the script was graded and the fatigue of the marker concerned.

Research limitations/implications

The work is confined to management students and limited by the sample size. A factor analysis reveals the cluster of influences that contribute to observed grade outcomes but provides less clarity upon relative inter-dependencies between those factors. There are additional constraints in that the constructed data collection tool was self-administered.

Practical implications

The data collection instrument (VBA Excel workbook) is, the authors believe, quite innovative in capturing immediate cognitive reflections. It could be developed for other decision-making research. The authors also believe there are staff developmental outcomes from the work, to sustain and enhance assurance in the grading process.

Originality/value

As far as the authors can determine, research that has explored the influences shaping grading and mark allocation tends to be reflective or undertaken after the event. The authors’ research data are constructed at the same time as the grade/mark is determined.
Un[bracketed]: phenomenological polyethnography
Authors: Olt Phillip Allen , Teman Eric D.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Due to the limitations to the purpose and practice of both phenomenological and duoethnographic research methodologies, the purpose of this paper is to propose phenomenological polyethnography as a hybrid qualitative methodology, which would guide skilled researchers in conducting phenomenological exploration of an emergent experience as insiders.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is an applied a hybridization approach to phenomenology and duoethnography as two distinct qualitative research traditions.

Findings

Employing a poststructuralist perspective, researcher-participants with relevant difference co-investigate a phenomenological question together. Borrowing elements from both hermeneutic phenomenology and duoethnography, this methodology involves the consideration of a phenomenon, the use of authors with relevant difference who have both special insight into that phenomenon as participants and skill as qualitative researchers, the intentional collection of prereflective data while all researcher-participants are experiencing the phenomenon or immediately after, the subsequent reflection upon and interpretation of the phenomenon as it was similarly and differently experienced by the researcher-participants, and the description of both the essence and meaning of the phenomenon.

Research limitations/implications

This new, hybrid qualitative methodology will enable researchers to more efficiently analyze and disseminate the research of insider knowledge on emergent phenomena in higher education and other settings.

Originality/value

As a new methodology, it may be used to investigate events and provide rich, thick description in a way not before seen.
Wood-based support material for extrusion-based digital construction
Authors: Kaufhold Julia , Kohl Johannes , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu , Schroefl Christof , Wenderdel Christoph , Blankenstein Paul , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Extrusion-based digital construction (DC) approaches make it feasible to overcome constraints of conventional construction, namely, high formwork costs, long total construction times, low productivity and geometrical inflexibility. However, to date, no satisfactory solutions for extruding strongly inclined and horizontal elements are available. A wood-starch-composite has been systematically developed as a sustainable support material (SM) for extrusion-based DC.

Design/methodology/approach

Material and process-specific requirements were identified for this purpose, and a feasible process chain was developed. A parametric study was conducted to determine the influence of SM composition on its extrusion feasibility and compressive strength. Various compositions with two starch types and two wood particle shapes were tested. New, specific testing methods were developed. Selected compositions were tested using a 3D-printing device to verify extrudability and form stability.

Findings

Relationships between material compositions of SM and its rheological and mechanical properties were identified. All mixtures showed sufficient compressive strength in respect of the loading conditions analysed. However, their flow properties varied significantly. A mixture of native maize starch and wood floor was identified as the best variant (compressive strength 2.3 MPa).

Research limitations/implications

Comprehensive investigations of possible process chains, as well as full-scale demonstration and optimisation of the process parameters, were not in the scope of this paper. Such investigations are intended in further studies.

Practical implications

The general applicability of wood-based SM for DC with cement-based construction materials was proved.

Originality/value

The findings offer a novel and promising solution for 3D-printing of non-vertical concrete elements. Experimental setup and material compositions are detailed to ensure reproducibility.
Mandated social disclosure
Authors: Sankara Jomo , Patten Dennis M. , Lindberg Deborah L.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

This paper investigates the market response to the poor quality of reporting on the first mandated set of conflict minerals disclosures in the US setting. The authors examine the reaction for both filing firms at their filing date and non-filing companies at the filing deadline.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use standard market model methods to capture investor response and test for differences across reactions using comparisons of means and regression models. The authors also code reports for a sub-sample of firms and test for the relation between disclosure and market reactions.

Findings

The authors document a significant negative reaction for both filing and non-filing firms, with the latter group suffering a more negative reaction than the filers. The authors also find more extensive disclosure is associated with less negative market reactions. Finally, the authors provide evidence supporting the argument that the more pronounced reaction for the non-filers is due to concerns with incremental implementation costs for these firms.

Research limitations/implications

The results extend prior research into investor perceptions of exposures to social and political costs. The findings suggest that investors view both poor quality disclosure and lack of response to mandated requirements as increasing such exposures.

Practical implications

The negative market response could be expected to exert additional pressures on companies to better assess and report on conflict mineral exposures in their supply chains.

Social implications

The findings suggest investors pay attention to the corporate response to mandated social disclosure requirements, an important finding as mandates for similar types of disclosure appear to be in the offing.

Originality/value

This study is the first to extend the social and political cost exposure literature to analysis of mandated social disclosures.
Detective Casey and the April 2010 shooting
Authors: Jones-Carmack Joy
Published: February 2019

Theoretical basis

Several theories emerge in a reading of this case; however, the primary or overarching focus of the case is the role of communication and how ineffective or non-existent communication during training, coordination and follow-up of a critical incident can impact officers, departments and communities. Furthermore, this case provides valuable insights for civilian businesses on the importance of formal and informal communication.

Research methodology

The case was based upon extensive interviews with a police officer involved in a shooting. In addition to extensive semi-structured interviews, research for the case also included review of psychological evaluations of the officer involved, journalism pieces and blogs written about the shooting under study, and reports from the Attorney General’s investigation of this shooting.

Case overview/synopsis

Detective Keith Casey, an undercover Narcotics Officer for 12 years, had trained and served as a member and point person for the Emergency Response Team (i.e. Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team) for seven years. On April 25, 2010, Casey was working on an electronic surveillance (i.e. a wiretap) out of the FBI office when he received the call about a barricaded suspect in Hammonton, New Jersey. The barricaded suspect had pulled a gun on an EMT in Deptford New Jersey and threatened to kill himself and others. At approximately, 4:10 a.m. because he was perceived to be a danger to himself and others, the SWAT team was sent into the home where the suspect was barricaded. After ignoring repeated commands to drop his weapon, the barricaded suspect was struck down by cases moments after the SWAT team entered the home. Preparation and training on intervention and team management has become increasingly more important for police departments around the world. In recent years, a great deal of attention has been placed on officer bias; however, little attention has been placed on officers who pull the trigger and the events that follow. This case offers a first-hand account of how communication, between all players, before, during and after an officer involved shooting impacts all phases of the critical incident.

Complexity academic level

This case is targeted to undergraduate and graduate students in organizational communication, but may include public relations, introduction to management, strategic management and organizational behavior, especially if the course includes a discussion of communication and crisis management.
Investigating the relationship between solution pathway preference and accuracy of adding fractions for students with learning disabilities
Authors: Hwang Jiwon , Riccomini Paul J.
Published: February 2019

Developing an understanding of fractions is critical, as it is the first connection of whole‐number properties to rational numbers within a single framework. The unique properties of fractions necessitate solution processes that are distinctive and often more complicated than whole‐number processes, resulting in many students struggling with fractions. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship of US students’ solution pathway preferences to accuracy of addition with fractions by achievement group. Results indicate that a preferred solution pathway was used by all three groups and significantly influenced solution accuracy, especially for students with learning disabilities. Our findings reveal a direct link to solution pathway preference and practical application when teaching computation of fractions to struggling students and students with learning disabilities.
Realignment Postponed? Political Continuity and Change in the North Eastern Suburbs
Authors: Skelton David
Published: February 2019

For decades, the politics of the North East and its suburbs have been frozen. Ever since the decline of the Tories in the region in the 1980s, it has served as a ‘solid North’ for Labour, but recent evidence suggests that this might well be changing. North Eastern suburbs have suffered because of the emphasis that has been placed on regenerating city centres, and the suburbs in the region haven't been immune to the economic dislocation that emerged from deindustrialisation in the 1970s and 1980s. They have also been impacted by the banking crash and, in particular, the collapse of Northern Rock. They have also seen growing political disengagement and a diminution of affection with the Labour party. All these factors contributed to many suburbs in the North East supporting Brexit in 2016. Talk of a realignment at the 2017 election was over‐egged, however, as the Conservatives failed to understand some of the key drivers of voting behaviour in the region. All evidence suggests that the North East is entering a period of more competitive politics and political parties that show greater ambition for the region and its economy will be in a strong position to take advantage of this.
Truth and Fake News about Caporetto: Explaining the Disaster in Italy and in Britain
Authors: THOMPSON MARK
Published: February 2019

A lightning victory by combined Austro‐German forces in October 1917 threatened to knock Italy out of the war. This was the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, often called ‘Caporetto’. General Luigi Cadorna, the chief of general staff, branded army units as cowards and blamed them for the disaster. His accusation met with dismay at home and sympathy mixed with disdain abroad. Investigation quickly gave the lie to Cadorna, yet the stain persisted. In Britain, the prime minister and the head of the armed forces disagreed about the causes of Caporetto, as did also the historian G. M. Trevelyan and the future politician Hugh Dalton. Analysis of the dissemination, reception and legacy of Cadorna's message in Italy and Britain reveals something about military‐political relations, class attitudes, media systems and national prejudice.
Getting on and Moving Up the Property Ladder: Real Hedging in the U.S. Housing Market Before and After the Crisis
Authors: Damianov Damian S. , Escobari Diego
Published: February 2019

Real hedging is the practice of getting onto the property ladder in order to trade up to a larger home in the future. We define the value of the real hedge of home ownership as the difference between the risk premiums of renting and owning and explore how this value depends on local housing price dynamics and household characteristics. Controlling for the potential endogeneity of housing bubble bursts across different U.S metropolitan areas, we find a significantly higher correlation in the appreciation rates across the Standard & Poor's Case–Shiller tiered house price indices in the period after the housing crisis. We conclude that real hedging has become more attractive in the period after the crisis, particularly in markets exhibiting momentum and high volatility in returns.
Australian Passenger Vehicle Classification and Distance‐Based Charging: Current Practices and the Way Forward
Authors: Sen Suman , Charles Michael B. , Kortt Michael A.
Published: February 2019

Road congestion and infrastructure funding challenges have become a major concern in urban centres in Australia. Recent debates pertaining to private motor vehicle usage have renewed interest in alternative road user charging (RUC) to internalise the external costs associated with private motor vehicle usage. One possible solution is distance‐based charging (DBC), which could provide a more transparent road pricing system. We review the salient features of RUC and DBC, the costs associated with private vehicle usage that DBC is expected to capture, and undertake an analysis of existing vehicle classification systems that underpin current RUC schemes within Australia. Based on this, we propose a new vehicle classification system that could be used to support the design of a workable DBC scheme.
Chemotherapy combined with Endostar as salvage treatment for EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor primary resistance in an advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patient with EGFR L858R mutation and ROS1 fusion: A case report
Authors: Qiu Dong , Zhang Yu , Xue Ying‐bo , Shen Qi , Li Hang , Huang Ping , Hu Jian‐jun , Wang Yong‐sheng
Published: February 2019

EGFR‐activating mutations have been recognized as the most important predictor of response to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, 20–30% of patients harboring EGFR‐activating mutations show poor responses. The mechanisms of such EGFR‐TKI primary resistance are still poorly understood. In our case, a non‐small cell lung cancer patient developed intrinsic EGFR‐TKI resistance and was then confirmed to simultaneously harbor an L858R mutation and ROS1 rearrangement. Salvage chemotherapy plus Endostar showed enduring therapeutic effects, achieving a disease‐free survival period of 24 months and overall survival of 30 months. This suggests that co‐activation of different oncogenic signal pathways might be a potential mechanism of EGFR‐TKI primary resistance. Chemotherapy combined with anti‐angiogenesis should be considered an important salvage strategy. Further studies are warranted to verify these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms involved.
RZooRoH: An R package to characterize individual genomic autozygosity and identify homozygous‐by‐descent segments
Authors: Bertrand Amandine R. , Kadri Naveen K. , Flori Laurence , Gautier Mathieu , Druet Tom
Published: February 2019

Identifying homozygous‐by‐descent (HBD) regions in individual genomes is highly valuable to infer the recent history of populations and to provide insights into trait architecture.

Here, we present the RZooRoH R‐package that implements an efficient and accurate model‐based approach to identify HBD segments. The underlying hidden Markov model partitions the genome‐wide individual autozygosity into different age‐related HBD classes while accounting for genotyping errors and genetic map information.

The RZooRoH package is user‐friendly and versatile, accepting either genotyping or sequencing (including low‐coverage) data in various formats. Through numerical maximization and parallelization, computational performances were improved compared to our initial Fortran implementation of the model. The package allows to evaluate and compare various models defined by their number of HBD classes and it also provides several graphical functions that help interpretation of the results.

RZooRoH is an efficient tool that proves particularly suited for sub‐optimal datasets (e.g. low marker density, individual low‐coverage sequencing, uneven marker spacing) and for individuals from populations with complex demographic histories. RZooRoH is available from CRAN: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RZooRoH.
Social Movement Knowledge and Anthropology of Education
Authors: Niesz Tricia
Published: February 2019

Although social movements are frequently background and occasionally foreground in the studies of anthropologists of education, theknowledgesproduced by movements have seldom been a focus of our work. In this Reflection on the Field, I argue that investigating the production and circulation of social movement knowledges, as contextualized by educational processes and spaces, can enrich our understanding of the roles of education and movements in struggles for justice and social change.