bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of new F8 deep intronic variations in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Dericquebourg Amy , Jourdy Yohann , Fretigny Mathilde , Lienhart Anne , Claeyssens Ségolène , Ternisien Catherine , Boisseau Pierre , Rohrlich Pierre‐Simon , Négrier Claude , Vinciguerra Christine
Published: August 2020

Introduction

With current molecular diagnosis, about 1 to 5% of haemophilia A (HA) patients remain genetically unresolved. In these cases, deep intronic variation or structural variation disrupting the F8 gene could be causal.

Aim

To identify the causal variation in four genetically unresolved mild‐to‐severe HA patients using an F8 mRNA analysis approach.

Methods

Ectopic F8 mRNA analysis was performed in four unrelated HA patients. An in vitro minigene assay was performed in order to confirm the deleterious splicing impact of each variation identified.

Results

In all probands, mRNA analysis revealed an aberrant splicing pattern, and sequencing of the corresponding intronic region found a deep intronic substitution. Two of these were new variations: c.2113+601G>A and c.1443+602A>G, while the c.143+1567A>G, found in two patients, has previously been reported. The c.1443+602A>G and the c.143+1567A>G variants both led to the creation of a de novo acceptor or donor splice site, respectively. Moreover, the c.143+1567A>G was found in 3/6 patients with genetically unresolved moderate HA registered in our laboratory. Haplotype analysis performed in all patients carrying the c.143+1567A>G variation suggests that this variation could be a recurrent variation. The c.2113+601G>A led to the exonization of a 122‐bp antisense AluY element by increasing the strength of a pre‐existing cryptic 5’ splice site. For each point variation, in vitro splicing analysis confirmed its deleterious impact on splicing of the F8 transcript.

Conclusion

We identified three deep intronic variations, leading to an aberrant mRNA splicing process as HA causing variation.
Peripheral, Interictal Serum S100B Levels are Not Increased in Chronic Migraine Patients
Authors: Riesco Nuria , Cernuda‐Morollón Eva , Martínez‐Camblor Pablo , Pérez‐Pereda Sara , Pascual Julio
Published: August 2020

Background

The trigemino‐vascular system (TVS) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology. Glial cells are abundant in the TVS system and mainly in the trigeminal ganglion. S100B protein is a calcium‐binding protein, found in the cytoplasm of glial cells in the central nervous system, which is released in response to inflammatory stimuli. Previous works analyzing S100B in migraineurs have offered contradictory results.

Objective

In this case‐control study, we analyzed serum levels of S100B as a possible biomarker of the glial TVS activation in chronic migraine (CM).

Patients and Methods

The study group consisted of patients attending our clinic with CM and, as control groups, patients with episodic migraine (EM), cluster headache (CH) outside of a bout and healthy volunteers (HV) with no headache history. S100B levels were determined interictally in peripheral blood samples by ELISA.

Results

We assessed serum samples from 43 patients with CM, 19 with EM, 29 HV (mostly women), and 22 with (CH). S100B levels in CM (mean 22.9 ± 9.8 pg/mL) were not different (P = .727) when compared to EM patients (21.2 ± 9.3 pg/mL), difference of 1.7 (95% CI −5.7 to 8.9), CH patients (22.4 ± 7.8 pg/mL), difference of 0.5 (−5.7 to 6.7), and HV (20.6 ± 8.3 pg/mL), difference of 2.3 (−3.7 to 8.3).

Conclusion

In contrast to other neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene‐related‐peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which are increased in CM, interictal serum S100B levels are not elevated in these patients. According to our results, S100B levels do not seem to be a useful peripheral biomarker of the glial TVS activation in CM.
A national research centre for the evaluation and implementation of person‐centred care: Content from the first interventional studies
Authors: Gyllensten Hanna , Björkman Ida , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Ekman Inger , Jakobsson Sofie
Published: August 2020

Background

Person‐centred care (PCC) has been suggested as a potential means to improve the care of patients with chronic and long‐term disorders. In this regard, a model for PCC was developed by the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person‐Centred Care (GPCC).

Objective

The present study aimed to explore the theoretical frameworks, designs, contexts and intervention characteristics in the first 27 interventional studies conducted based on the ethics for person‐centredness provided by the GPCC.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting and participants

A questionnaire to the principal investigators of the 27 intervention studies financed by the GPCC and conducted between 2010 and 2016.

Main outcome measures

Theoretical frameworks, contexts of studies, person‐centred ethic, and outcome measures.

Results

Most of the interventions were based on the same ethical assumptions for person‐centredness but theories and models in applying the interventions differed. All studies were controlled; 12 randomized and 15 quasi‐experimental. Hospital in‐ and outpatient and primary care settings were represented and the outcome measures were related to the specific theories used. A complexity in designing, introducing and evaluating PCC interventions was evident.

Conclusion

The frameworks, designs and interventions in the studies were in line with the established ethical basis of PCC, whereas outcome measures varied widely. Consensus discussions among researchers in the field are needed to make comparisons between studies feasible.

Patient or public contributions

Patients or the public made no direct contributions, although most of the studied projects included such initiatives.
Librarians collaborate successfully with nursing faculty and a writing centre to support nursing students doing professional doctorates
Authors: Bernstein Matthew , Roney Linda , Kazer Meredith , Boquet Elizabeth H.
Published: August 2020

This study explores how a three‐way collaboration between a University library, writing centre and faculty created avenues of training and support for students within a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program in an American University. The role of each partner involved in the collaboration is discussed alongside the profile of the DNP students. Lesson planning and classroom techniques for DNP information literacy classes are described and feedback from the partners and the students are discussed. The study confirms that collaboration is effective in improving research and writing skills.

D.I.
Characteristics of healthy and androgenetic alopecia scalp microbiome: Effect of Lindera strychnifolia roots extract as a natural solution for its modulation
Authors: Filaire E. , Dreux A. , Boutot C. , Ranouille E. , Berthon J. Y.
Published: August 2020

Objective

The human scalp harbours a vast community of microbiotal mutualists. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss in males, is a multifactorial condition involving genetic predisposition and hormonal changes. The role of microflora during hair loss remains to be understood. After having characterized the scalp microbiota of 12 healthy male subjects and 12 AGA male subjects (D0), the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the capacity of Lindera strychnifolia root extract (LsR) to restore a healthy bacterial and fungal scalp microflora after 83 days (D83) of treatment.

Material and methods

The strategy used was based on high‐throughput DNA sequencing targeting the encoding 16S ribosomal RNA for bacteria and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 ribosomal DNA for fungi.

Results

Test analysis of relative abundance comparing healthy and AGA subjects showed a significant increase of Cutibacterim acnes (P < 0.05) and Stenotrophomonas geniculata (P < 0.01) in AGA subjects. AGA scalp condition was also associated with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis relative abundance. A lower proportion of Malassezia genus in samples corresponding to AGA scalps and an increase of other bacterial genera (Wallemia, Eurotium) were also noted. At the species level, mean relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the AGA group. Eighty‐three days of treatment induced a significant decrease in the relative abundance of C. acnes (P < 0.05) and S. geniculata (P < 0.01). S. epidermidis increased significantly (P < 0.05). At the same time, LsR treatment induced a significant increase in the proportion of M. restricta and M. globosa (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Data from sequencing profiling of the scalp microbiota strongly support a different microbial composition of scalp between control and AGA populations. Findings suggest that LsR extract may be a potential remedy for scalp microbiota re‐equilibrium.
Treatment of melasma: a review of less commonly used antioxidants
Authors: Babbush Kayla M. , Babbush Remy A. , Khachemoune Amor
Published: August 2020

Melasma, a common cause for seeking dermatologic care, is a chronic condition of skin hyperpigmentation. With a poorly understood pathogenesis, and no universal cure, melasma is a challenge for many dermatologists. For decades, there has been investigation into the role of oxidative stress in melasma. In this literature review, we introduce the role of oxidative stress in melasma and discuss the function of various topical and oral antioxidant therapies for patients suffering from melasma. Numerous studies have shown efficacy of various antioxidant therapies for treatment of hyperpigmentation, and in this review, we focus primarily on those with less widespread use. Vitamin E, niacinamide, polypodium leucotomos, pycnogenol, grape seed extract, amino fruit acids, phytic acid, zinc, silymarin, Korean red ginseng powder, plant extracts, and parsley all have well‐demonstrated evidence of antioxidant properties, and these substances have been studied in the context of skin hyperpigmentation. Although there is conflicting evidence of their therapeutic efficacy, the use of these naturally occurring substances is promising for patients and medical providers seeking alternative therapeutic options.
Melanoma in the setting of nevus of Ota: a review for dermatologists
Authors: Williams Natalie M. , Gurnani Pooja , Labib Angelina , Nuesi Ronaldo , Nouri Keyvan
Published: August 2020

Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus fuscoceruleus ophthalmomaxillaris, is a benign dermal melanocytic nevus that most commonly affects Asian women. While the lesion is largely a cosmetic concern, it has the potential to undergo malignant transformation to melanoma. Patients with nevus of Ota often present to a dermatologist at some point for examination or removal with laser therapy. Therefore, it is important for dermatologists to understand the cutaneous and extracutaneous risks these lesions carry and how they may present to further optimize management and appropriate referrals. This review describes the demographic, clinical, and prognostic features of melanoma in the setting of nevus of Ota, divided by the nature of the primary melanoma: cutaneous, orbital, intracranial.
Improvement of mortality prediction accuracy in critically ill patients through combination of SOFA and APACHE II score with markers of stress haematopoiesis
Authors: Macichová Michaela , Grochová Monika , Rácz Oliver , Firment Jozef , Mitníková Miriam , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Šimonová Jana , Hudák Vladimir
Published: August 2020

Introduction

In critically ill patients nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) and immature granulocytes (IG) appear in the peripheral blood as the consequence of stress haematopoesis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of NRBC and IG and to propose a model of improved mortality prediction including these parameters in the assessment of critically ill patients.

Methods

The study included 338 critically ill adult patients hospitalized at Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice. As NRBC positive patients were considered patients with peripheral NRBC > 0.01 × 109/L and IG positivity as >0.03 × 109/L. Apache II index was calculated 24 hours after admission and Systemic Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) on the day with the worst clinical condition.

Results

NRBC positivity was found in 27.6% of patients. The mortality of NRBC positive patients was 48.38%, significantly higher than 23.7% of NRBC negative patients. IG positivity was 79.0% and their mortality was also higher as compared with that of IG negative patients (69.3% vs 33.8%). Three regression models predicting mortality including stress haematopoiesis markers, APACHE II, SOFA scores and age had sufficient level of sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

The presence of NRBC in the peripheral blood and the IG increase are available early risk predictors of mortality in critically ill patients. Regression models designed by combination of SOFA, APACHE II, and the new haematological parameters increase the accuracy and effectivity of diagnostic process in predicting prognosis and risk of mortality with high sensitivity and specificity.
High‐level MYC expression associates with poor survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and collaborates with overexpressed p53 in leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Gao Linlin , Saeed Azhar , Golem Shivani , Zhang Da , Woodroof Janet , McGuirk Joseph , Ganguly Siddhartha , Abhyankar Sunil , Lin Tara L. , Cui Wei
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Patients with mutated and overexpressed p53 have an aggressive course in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Studies on the impact of MYC expression in AML are limited. This is the first study to evaluate MYC expression and p53 status in AML and MDS.

Methods

We identified 214 patients, 101 AML, 79 MDS, and 34 negative control patients. We retrospectively assessed p53 and MYC expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated MYC expression with p53 expression and aberrational status of TP53.

Results

The level of both p53 and MYC expression was significantly higher in AML (mean: 9.7%; 12.1%) and MDS (mean: 5.2%; 5.5%) patients compared with control cases (mean: 0.18%; 2.3%; P = .001‐0.02). p53 and MYC expression levels were even more elevated in AML when compared to MDS patients (P < .001). MYC expression was significantly associated with p53 expression and TP53 aberration in AML patients but not in MDS patients (P < .001). p53 expression and >20% MYC expression showed an adverse impact on overall survival (OS) (P < .05) in AML patients while p53 but not MYC expression showed an adverse impact on OS in MDS patients. MYC and p53 dual expression, as well as combined MYC expression and TP53 aberration, showed negative impact on OS in AML patients. MDS patients with leukemic transformation revealed an interval increase in expression of both p53 and MYC.

Conclusion

High‐level MYC expression associates with p53 abnormality and poor survival in AML. MYC may provide proliferative advantage for leukemic progression in p53 dependent and independent manner.
A discussion of healthcare support for adolescents and young adults with long‐term conditions: Current policy and practice and future opportunities
Authors: James Steven , Perry Lin , Gallagher Robyn , Lowe Julia
Published: August 2020

Background

Adolescence and young adulthood can be a period of significant and unique life changes in which competing demands and challenges distract from disease self‐management. Specific challenges related to the way individual services are configured can also limit the support available. This paper presents a discussion of healthcare service support for adolescents and young adults, using type 1 diabetes as an exemplar.

Design

Discussion paper.

Results

A wide variety of issues at the biopsychosocial level of the individual, health services policy and practice pose challenges to effective health support for adolescents and young adults. Intersectoral, multilevel and multicomponent opportunities are available to engage and empower young people to be part of change and accountability mechanisms and to transform the support available and outcomes achievable. A priority research agenda can benefit patients, families and their communities.

Conclusion

Future policy and practice development may assist clinicians, service providers and managers, policymakers, non‐governmental organizations and community groups to deliver more effective and efficient support to vulnerable adolescent and young adult populations.
Carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm can predict early childhood caries: A preliminary study
Authors: de ‐ Sousa Emerson Tavares , Lima‐Holanda Aline Tavares , Nobre‐dos‐Santos Marinês
Published: August 2020

Aim

This study aimed to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase VI activity (CA VIACT), pH, and buffering capacity (BC) in saliva and biofilm could predict the number of lesion occurrence and early childhood caries (ECC).

Design

A cross‐sectional study was performed in a sample of 44 children aged 4 to 5 years who were examined regarding their caries status (dmfs + active white spot lesions–WSL) and allocated into two groups: ECC and caries‐free (CF). Saliva and biofilm were collected to determine pH, BC, and CA VIACT. Data were analyzed using the Student t test, and multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses followed by the ROC curve.

Results

Children with ECC exhibited lower pH and BC in saliva and a higher CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm. Only saliva pH could predict the dmfs + active WSL. In biofilm, if CA VIACT is increased by one pixel/µg, 0.85 ± 0.28 increase is expected in the number of active WSL. Salivary pH and CA VIACT in saliva and biofilm had the power to predict ECC occurrence.

Conclusion

Changes in saliva pH and CA VIACT in biofilm predicted the number of lesion occurrence. Furthermore, CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm can predict propensity for ECC.
Congenital Anomalies in Two Neonatal Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus and Saguinus fuscicollis)
Authors: Chalifoux Laura V. , Elliott Martha W.
Published: August 2020

Congenital anomalies were seen at necropsy of two neonatal tamarins. The defects included achondroplastic‐like dwarfism, Polydactyly and syndactyly in a Saguinus oedipus, and scoliosis and uterus didelphys in a S. fuscicollis. Both infants were the offspring of incestuous matings between twin siblings.
An Overview of the World Literature on Spontaneous Tumors in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Beniashvili D. Sh.
Published: August 2020

A review of the world literature has revealed a total of 783 spontaneous neoplasms that have occurred in nonhuman primates, all similar to tumors in human beings. Carcinomas were the most frequently reported. Neoplasms occurred most frequently in older animals as they generally do in man. There were more reports on neoplasms in baboons and macaques than in other species. The digestive system was more commonly affected than were other organ systems.
Carbon Monoxide Excretion as an Index of Bilirubin Production in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Vreman Hendrik J. , Rodgers Pamela A. , Gale Rena , Stevenson David K.
Published: August 2020

The role of increased heme catabolism in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was investigated in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) neonates through the measurement of carbon monoxide excretion rates (VECO), blood carboxyhemoglobin content (HbCO), and plasma bilirubin concentrations. Neonatal values were compared to those of adult rhesus monkeys. These indices of bilirubin production responded appropriately to administration of NEM‐damaged erythrocytes and tin protoporphyrin. Our results indicate that VECO measurements are a valid index of changes in bilirubin production in the newborn rhesus monkey.
Growth of Rhesus Monkeys During the First 54 Months of Life
Authors: Saxton Jack L. , Lotz W. Gregory
Published: August 2020

As part of a study of the long‐term effects of environmental conditions on the health and development of non‐human primates, the growth of 60 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto, 34 males and 26 females) was determined longitudinally with biweekly or triweekly measurements of eight body dimensions from one to 54 months of age. Our data showed similar growth to previous studies and provide additional data defining normal rhesus monkey growth under more precisely defined living conditions than were reported in previously published studies on this species.
Encephalitis Induced by a Canine Distemper Virus in Squirrel Monkeys
Authors: Nagata Tomoko , Ochikubo Fumiko , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya
Published: August 2020

Intracerebral inoculation with canine distemper virus (CDV) caused acute neurological signs of viral encephalitis in squirrel monkeys. Electroencephalogram revealed an abnormal sharp wave and seizure discharges resembling those of epilepsy. There was parenchymal inflammation, perivascular cuffs, neuronal degeneration, and glial reactions. Virus antigen was detected immunohistologically in the neurons and ependymal cells. Thus, CDV infection in squirrel monkeys provides an animal model for viral encephalitis and epilepsy.
Identification of SIV/SMM Viral Proteins That Induce T Cell Response in Experimentally Infected Rhesus Macaques and Naturally Infected Sooty Mangabeys by the Cellular Western Blot Assay
Authors: Powell Jonathan D. , Villinger Francois , Yehuda‐Cohen Tamar , Vuchetich Matthew , McClure Harold M. , Sell Kenneth W. , Ahmed‐Ansari Aftab
Published: August 2020

Initial studies have revealed subtle differences in the T cell proliferative response to whole SIV antigen in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques. Preliminary findings utilizing the cellular Western blot assay are described.
Molecular Characterization of Simian Lentiviruses From East African Green Monkeys
Authors: Fomsgaard Anders , Allan Jonathan , Gravell Maneth , London William T. , Hirsch Vanessa M. , Johnson Philip R.
Published: August 2020

Asymptomatic infection with simian lentiviruses (also called simian immunodeficiency viruses, or SIV) is common among feral African green monkeys. To characterize the range of SIV genetic diversity among infected African green monkeys, we have determined nucleotide sequences from complete or partial molecular clones of four distinct SIVagm isolates from Kenya and Ethiopia. The nucleotide and amino acid variability we observed among the SIVagm isolates was greater than the variability within any other group of primate lentiviruses. These data suggest that: a) African green monkeys have been infected with simian lentiviruses for many years; and b) novel and uncharacterized primate lentiviruses may exist in the feral African green monkey population in other parts of Africa.
Inoculation of Macaca fascicularis With Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, SIVmne Immunologic, Serologic, and Pathologic Changes
Authors: Kuller L. , Morton W.R. , Benveniste R.E. , Tsai C.C. , Clark E.A. , Gale M.J. , Hu S.L. , Thouless M.E. , Katze M.G.
Published: August 2020

Previous studies had tested the susceptibility of two macaque species, Macaca nemestrina and M. mulatta, to infection with the primate lymphotropic lentivirus SIVmne. In this report we describe the results obtained after infecting eleven M. fascicularis with SIVmne Six of the animals had previously been immunized with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope gene of HI V‐1. All eleven animals became seropositive. To date ten animals have died 43 to 155 weeks post infection of an AIDS‐likc disease.
Experimental Infection of Timed‐Pregnant Rhesus Monkeys With Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) During Early, Middle, and Late Gestation
Authors: Davison‐Fairburn Billie , Blanchard James , Hu Fu‐Sen , Martin Louis , Harrison Richard , Ratterree Marion , Murphey‐Corb Michael
Published: August 2020

Ten rhesus monkeys were inoculated with SIV/DeltaB670 during various stages of gestation to determine factors predictive of transplacental infection. Two abortions associated with rapid disease occurred shortly after infection; uninfected infants were caesarian delivered from eight other females. SIV‐specific RNA accompanied by deciduitis was identified in the maternal portion of two placentas suggesting that opportunistic infections may promote entry of SIV into placental tissue. The lack of evidence for SIV infection of caesarian delivered infants suggests that fetal infection may often occur during parturition.
Increased Carbon Monoxide Excretion in Bolivian Squirrel Monkeys With Fasting Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Rodgers P.A. , Cornelius C.E. , Vremany H.J. , Tarkington B.K.
Published: August 2020

Pulmonary carbon monoxide (CO) excretion rates (VeCO) were 50% greater, on average, in Bolivian squirrel monkeys (BoSMs) which exhibit a unique fasting hyperbilirubinemia (FH), than in fasted control Brazilian squirrel monkeys (BrSMs). Since the catabolism of heme produces equimolar amounts of CO and bilirubin, the increased VeCOs are consistent with concurrent increases in endogenous bilirubin production rates. Tin‐protoporphyrin, a competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, significantly decreased both the VcCO and serum bilirubin level in fasted BoSMs. Overproduction of bilirubin may be responsible in part for the marked FH in BoSMs.
Cortisol Response of Female Rhesus Monkeys to Venipuncture in Homecage Versus Venipuncture in Restraint Apparatus
Authors: Reinhardt Viktor , Cowley Doug , Scheffler Joan , Vertein Russell , Wegner Fritz
Published: August 2020

Cortisol response of ten single‐caged adult female rhesus monkeys during venipuncture in a restraint apparatus was compared with Cortisol response of ten paired and five single‐caged adult female rhesus monkeys during venipuncture in the homecage. Results demonstrated that in‐homecagc venipuncture offers a methodological improvement for research protocols that require blood collection of undisturbed animals.
Morphologic Development of the Adrenal Cortex in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: Miller Christopher J. , Prahalada Srinivasa , Coe Christopher , Benirschke Kurt
Published: August 2020

This study describes the morphology of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) adrenal gland in the perinatal period. Adrenals of fetal monkeys had a broad central zone of large eosinophilic cells (fetal zone) surrounded by a subcapsular band of small dark cells (definitive zone). Adrenals of stillborn and neonatal monkeys had a reduced fetal zone and an expanded definitive zone that was differentiated into distinct zona fasciculate and zona glomerulosa. By day 18 postpartum, no remnant of the fetal zone remained.
Short‐Term Therapy of Atherosclerosis With Low Dose Indomethacin: An Experimental Study
Authors: Dhawan Veena , Ganguly N.K. , Majumdar S. , Chakravarti R.N.
Published: August 2020

The effects of low dose indomethacin therapy in primary prevention of diet‐induced atherosclerosis of rhesus monkeys was studied. The parameters studied were serum cholesterol concentration, thromboxane A2 (T×B2), prostacyclin (6‐keto‐PGF1α) in serum/plasma, and the extent and intensity of coronary atherosclerosis. Although indomethacin did not affect scrum cholesterol, it reduced serum T × B2 significantly (P < 0.01). Plasma 6‐keto‐PGF1α was not restored to the pretreatment level. A significant protective role of the drug was noted as far as coronary atherosclerosis is concerned (P < 0.01).
The Morula‐Blastocyst Transition in Two Old World Primates: The Baboon and Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Enders Allen C. , Lantz Katherine C. , Schlafke Sandra
Published: August 2020

Baboon and rhesus monkey embryos demonstrate compaction during the morula stage, although not all blastomeres participate simultaneously. During this process the outer adherent cells develop progressively more extensive apical junctional complexes. Several spaces appear between blastomeres before formation of a single cavity, and assortment of inner cell mass and trophoblast cells is less rapid and less precise in primates than in rodents. Nonhuman primates should prove appropriate for studies of individual aberrant blastomeres during blastocyst formation.
Serial estimates of body water content and distribution during the first postnatal month in baboons
Authors: Brans Yves W. , Andrew Donna S. , Schwartz Connie A. , Carey K.D.
Published: August 2020

Water content of the various body compartments was estimated serially during the first postnatal month in six term baboon neonates. In absolute volumes (mL), total body water, intracellular water, and plasma volume all increased linearly with body weight and postnatal age, although the effect of weight was predominant. In proportion to body weight (mL/kg), total body water, intracellular water, and plasma volume increased linearly with postnatal age whereas extracellular water and red cell volume decreased. There was no linear relation between the proportions of any of the water volumes and body weight.
Deciduous dentition eruption sequence of the laboratory‐reared chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Mooney Mark P. , Siegel Michael I. , Eichberg Jorg W. , Lee D. Rick , Swan Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Eruption sequence and age ranges for the maxillary and mandibular deciduous dentition were generated from serial dental study models from 28 laboratory‐reared chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). These data can serve as additional normative, baseline information for the evaluation of fetal insults on neonatal growth and development in the laboratory‐reared chimpanzee.
Infection of rhesus monkeys with topical instillation of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)B670 into the conjunctival sac
Authors: Conway M.D. , Davison‐Fairburn B. , Martin L.N. , Insler M.S. , Murphey‐Corb M.
Published: August 2020

We tested the ability of SIV to cause local and systemic infection in three rhesus monkeys after topical instillation of cell‐free virus into the conjunctival cul‐de‐sac. Conjunctivitis or other signs of infection were monitored after inoculation. Conjunctiva were swabbed for virus culture and biopsied for PCR. Changes in lymphocyte subsets, seroconversion, antigenemia, and virus isolation from PBL were assessed systemically postinoculation. Viral DNA was detected in conjunctival biopsy by PCR in one of three animals that later developed systemic infection. The other two animals remained uninfected. These data demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a route by which SIV (and perhaps HIV) may cause systemic infection.
Characterization of T‐ and B‐cell epitopes of a simian retrovirus (SRV‐2) envelope protein
Authors: Malley A. , Werner L. , Benjamini E. , Leung C.Y. , Torres J. , Pangares N. , Shiigi S. , Axthelm M.
Published: August 2020

Synthetic envelope peptides of a simian retrovirus (SRV‐2) were used to define both T‐ and B‐cell epitopes of the envelope protein. The SRV‐2 peptide 100–106 specifically blocks rhesus anti‐SRV‐2 neutralizing antibody activity, and a peptide 100–106 keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate induces a strong antipeptide antibody response. SRV‐2 peptide 100–106 and 233–249 induces good T‐cell proliferation of murine spleen cells immunized with the SRV‐2 virus. Thus, SRV‐2 envelope peptide 100–106 represents both a T‐ and B‐cell epitope, and peptide 233–249 a T‐cell epitope.
Maternal transmission of SIVsmm in rhesus macaques
Authors: McClure Harold M. , Anderson Daniel C. , Fultz Patricia N. , Ansari Aftab A. , Jehuda‐Cohen Tamar , Villinger Francois , Klumpp Sherry A. , Switzer William , Lockwood Ellen , Brodie Anne , Keyserling Harry
Published: August 2020

Fifteen SIV‐infected rhesus monkeys delivered 13 livebirths and two stillbirths; one livebirth died at three days of age. While all infants were culture‐negative for SIV at birth, nine had maternal antibodies that disappeared by six months of age. Three infants subsequently seroconverted and became virus positive at 9–15 months. Milk samples from all mothers were virus‐negative at parturition but samples from four animals were virus‐positive at nine and 12 months. This study documents maternal transmission of SIV and suggests transmission by breast‐feeding.
Variation in T‐lymphocyte activation and susceptibility to SIVPBj‐14‐induced acute death in macaques
Authors: Rosenberg Yvonne J. , White Brian D. , Papermaster Sue F. , Zack Philip , Jarling Peter B. , Eddy Gerald A. , Burke Donald S. , Lewis Mark G.
Published: August 2020

In contrast to pig‐tailed and cynomolgus macaques, which die in 6–10 days following infection with the SIV‐PBj‐14 isolate, only about 50% of rhesus succumbed to rapid disease. Using a CD45RA MAb that delineates memory (CD45RAlo), naive (CD45RAmed) and “activated” (CD45RAhi) T‐cell subsets, it was seen that PBMC from pig‐tailed and cynomolgus monkeys, unlike rhesus, have reduced CD4/CD8 ratios and a skewing of T cells towards CD45RAhi expression. Such preactivation of CD4+ cells could lead to enhanced viral replication and early death.
A baboon model for in vivo assessment of mucociliary lung clearance
Authors: Dormehl Irene C. , Jacobs L. , Maree M. , Ras G. , Hugo N. , Beverley G.
Published: August 2020

A suitable baboon model (Papio ursinus) for assessing inhibitory effects on mucociliary lung clearance was required. Clearance of various dimensions of nebulized particles (99mTc‐labelled) was monitored with the animals (n = 6) under either ketamine or pentobarbitone anaesthesia. The best prospect of substantial and reproducible clearance in spite of the inhibition by the anaesthesia were obtained with pentobarbitone, and using nebulized radiolabelled particles of diameter range between 10 and 45 μm, thus avoiding trapping in the non‐ciliar alveoli.
Prevalence of anti‐Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies inCebusspp in the Santa Fe Zoological Park of Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Cadavid Angela P. , Cañas Lilliam , Estrada John J. , Ramirez Luis E.
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of anti‐Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies was studied in 47 nonhuman primates of theCebusspecies in the Santa Fe Zoological Park in Medellín, Colombia. Specific IgG titers (>1/64) were detected in 40.9% ofC. albifronsstudied (n = 22), 13.3% ofC. capucinus(n = 15), and 0% ofC. apella(n = 10). Specific IgM was not detected in any of the animals studied.
Availability of primate species, research, and management in China
Authors: Shen Peiqing , Yin Lihua
Published: August 2020

Approximately 30 institutions are currently engaged in primate research and management in China. New studies record 20 species of primates and their distribution throughout China.
Evidence for a lentiviral etiology in an epizootic of immune deficiency and lymphoma in stump‐tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Lowenstine Linda J. , Lerche Nicholas W. , Yee JoAnn L. , Uyeda Ann , Jennings Myra B. , Munn Robert J. , McClure Harold M. , Anderson Daniel C. , Fultz Patricia N. , Gardner Murray B.
Published: August 2020

A retrospective study determined that an epizootic of immune suppression and lymphoma in stump‐tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) that began in 1976 was associated with a horizontally spread lentivirus infection. This conclusion was based on serology, epidemiology, pathology, and virus isolation. The lesions found in the stump‐tailed macaques were more compatible with lesions seen in SIV‐infected rhesus than those seen in rhesus macaques infected with type D retroviruses. A lentivirus, isolated from a rhesus inoculated with lymph node homogenate from a stump‐tailed macaque, was designed SIVstm and was pathogenic for rhesus macaques. The isolate was antigenically related to other SIVs as well as to HIV‐1 and HIV‐2. Two surviving stump‐tailed macaques sent to another colony carried SIVstm latently for at least 7 years and disseminated it throughout that colony.
Whole inactivated SIV vaccine grown on human cells fails to protect against homologous SIV grown on simian cells
Authors: Putkonen Per , Nilsson Charlotta , Hild Kerstin , Benthin Reinhold , Cranage Martin , Aubertin Anne Marie , Biberfeld Gunnel
Published: August 2020

Several groups have reported protection against experimental SIV infection in macaques immunized with a whole inactivated virus vaccine. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether five macaques vaccinated with whole inactivated SIV and previously shown to be protected against challenge with two divergent strains of SIV grown on human cells could resist challenge with a subsequent homologous SIV grown on macaque cells. We show here that this same vaccine did not protect when the challenge virus was grown on primary cells of monkey origin.
Distribution of SIV infection in the gastrointestinal tract of rhesus macaques at early and terminal stages of AIDS
Authors: Heise Carla , Vogel Peter , Miller Christopher J. , Lackner Andrew , Dandekar Satya
Published: August 2020

Intestinal tissues from SIV‐infected rhesus macaques with subclinical as well as with terminal SIV disease were evaluated for SIV infection. SIV‐infected mononuclear cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract in all animals. In early infection, SIV‐infected cells were diffusely distributed in lymphoid tissue and lamina propria, whereas in late stages of the disease, the viral infection was more severe and widely disseminated. Lymphoid cells of the lamina propria and gut‐associated lymphoid tissue were the primary targets of SIV.
Immunohistochemical distribution of leucocyte antigens in lymphoid tissues of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Li Su‐Ling , Kaaya Ephata , Feichtinger Hans , Biberfeld Gunnel , Biberfeld Peter
Published: August 2020

Crossreactivity of antibodies to human leucocyte antigens with lymphoid tissues of cynomolgus monkeys was studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Of a total of 54 clusters of differentiation (CD) antigens, 39 were expressed essentially with the same immunostaining patterns in the monkey as in human lymphoid tissues. By immunoblotting L26 (CD20) detected a 35 Kd molecule in the monkey lymph node. Our observations indicated that most of the CD antigens are expressed and can be studied in lymphoid tissues of cynomolgus monkeys.
Vulnerability of placental antibody transfer and fetal complement synthesis to disturbance of the pregnant monkey
Authors: Coe Christopher L. , Kemnitz Joseph W. , Schneider Mary L.
Published: August 2020

Maternal and fetal/infant antibody levels were assessed across pregnancy and at birth to evaluate the prenatal transmission of IgG in the rhesus monkey. Although some antibody was evident in the fetus by midpregnancy, the marked increase in IgG occurred primarily during the last two weeks of pregnancy. This delay until the end of pregnancy would result in low antibody titers in premature infants. In contrast, when gestation length was normal, the placental transfer of IgG was resistant to both dexamethasone treatment and a prolonged period of stress during pregnancy. This resiliency occurred despite an effect of prenatal stress on other aspects of infant development, including physical growth and the fetal synthesis of complement proteins.
Comparison of blood and urine analytes between two karyotypes of owl monkey, Aotus nancymae and Aotus vociferans
Authors: Weller Richard E. , Buschbom Raymond L. , Málaga Carlos A. , Ragan Harvey A.
Published: August 2020

Serum and urine analytes were compared between two karyotypes of owl monkey, Aotus nancymae and A. vociferans, to determine if normative clinical pathology data obtained from one karyotype were applicable to the other. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were noted in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum urea nitrogen, urine calcium, calcium clearance, and fractional clearance of calcium between the two karyotypes. The results suggest that A. vociferans regulate calcium‐phosphorus and electrolyte homeostasis in a manner different from that of A. nancymae.
Alkaptonuria in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Johnson Eugene H. , Miller Rick L.
Published: August 2020

An eight year old wild caught Cynomolgus monkey was diagnosed as having alkaptonuria, a condition characterized by the passage of a normal‐colored urine which darkens upon standing. The underlying cause is the congenital lack of homogentisic acid oxidase with subsequent passage of homogentisic acid in the urine. No other clinical manifestations, such as deposition of pigment in the skin or mucous membranes or development of an ochronitic arthritis, were observed in this animal.
Using frame analysis to re‐analyse the results of inductive thematic analysis: A methodological discussion of investigating meanings and learning contexts in baccalaureate nurse education
Authors: Clinton Michael , Doumit Myrna , Ezzeddine Sawsan , Rizk Ursula
Published: August 2020

Aims

Recovery of the antecedents and assumptions of Goffman's frame analysis to illustrate learning contexts in baccalaureate nursing programs.

Design

A discussion paper on the secondary analysis of focus group data.

Data Sources

Focus group data collected in a multi‐site study conducted in 2017 to understand the challenges of transitioning to practice in Lebanon. The discussion is illustrated with empirical data, but the article is a conceptual paper not a research report.

Implications for Nursing

Transition to practice research requires studies of interaction in university schools of nursing to examine the meanings embedded in classroom instruction.

Methods

Clarification and use of Goffman's concepts of primary frame, mainframe (storyline), keying, and re‐keying to describe how differences in learning contexts make the transition to practice difficult.

Conclusion

Baccalaureate nursing education consists in re‐keying the knowledge students bring with them to university into an idealized conception of nursing practice. This storyline dominates classroom learning and is re‐keyed into the pragmatic approach to nursing practice that dominates learning contexts in clinical units. Students respond to discrepancies between the meanings embedded in classroom and clinical unit learning contexts by striving to apply the classroom storyline or delaying their commitment to a nursing career.

Impact

The discussion explains how secondary analysis can overcome some of the limitations of inducive thematic analysis. It promotes frame analysis as an intuitive, conceptually sound method for identifying dominant meanings in baccalaureate nursing education. Qualitative researchers who have used inductive thematic analysis can use frame analysis to complement their previous analyses with a structural sociological perspective. We suggest dimensions to help investigators interpret learning contexts. Frame analysis of classroom interaction will bring new insights to transition to practice research.
Stress management training program for stress reduction and coping improvement in public health nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ja'far M. , Soh Kim Lam , Mukhtar Firdaus , Peng Ooi Cheow , Alkhawaldeh Hamzeh M. , Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Anshasi Huda A.
Published: August 2020

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stress management interventional program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses.

Design

A double‐blind, cluster‐randomized approach was used as a randomization method for this study to evaluate the stress management interventional program.

Methods

A cluster‐randomized controlled trial was carried out in eight comprehensive healthcare centres in Amman city, Jordan; four centres were randomly assigned to each experimental and control group. One hundred and seventy nurses were selected randomly from March 2019 ‐ August 2019 and data were collected by using the Nursing Stress Scale & brief COPE over three data collection times. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (repeated measure ANOVA, Independent t test, and chi‐squared) were used to answer the research questions of this study.

Results

The results showed that both the levels of occupational stress and coping strategies were significantly different between the two study groups over the three data collection points (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, the stress management program is an effective non‐invasive method that can be used to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for public health nurses. The implementation of stress management interventions in health care is likely to help nurses manage occupational stress in practice.

Impact

Nurses suffer from a high level of occupational stress. In particular, approximately74% of nurses experience severe occupational stress, which can lead to many mental and physical disorders. However, nurses were less able to utilize the correct stress preventive strategies due to gaps in knowledge, skills, and awareness. This study contributed to the provision of empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the stress management program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses. A stress management intervention program is a valuable non‐invasive method that can be used by healthcare organizations to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for nurses in practice. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03833986.
A person‐centred approach to implementation of psychosocial interventions with people who have an intellectual disability and dementia—A participatory action study
Authors: Watchman Karen , Mattheys Kate , McKernon Michael , Strachan Heather , Andreis Federico , Murdoch Jan
Published: August 2020

Background

Numbers of people with an intellectual disability and dementia present a global health and social challenge with associated need to reduce stress or agitation and improve quality of life in affected individuals. This study aimed to identify effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in social care settings and, uniquely, explore use of photovoice methodology to develop dialogue about dementia.

Methods

This mixed‐method participatory action study used individualised goal‐setting theory with 16 participants with intellectual disability and dementia, and 22 social care staff across 11 sites. Five co‐researchers with intellectual disability were part of an inclusive research team collecting data using existing and bespoke tools including photovoice. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics and framework analysis.

Results

Seventy four percentage of individual goals met or exceeded expectations with reduction in some “as required” medication. Qualitative findings include themes of enabling care and interventions as tools for practice. Photovoice provided insight into previously unreported fears about dementia.

Conclusions

Individualized psychosocial interventions have potential to reduce distress or agitation.