bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIONS IN UNIVERSITIES IN THE FACE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Santiago Adriana da Silva , Sabóia Vera Maria , Souza Sônia Regina de , Prado Gabriela Silva dos Santos , Sota Fabiana da Silva
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: to map in the literature the universities' health promotion actions and strategies in the context of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Method: a Scoping Review, based on the procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Based on these perspectives, the following guiding question was established: which health promotion actions and strategies were implemented in universities with the internal community and its surroundings in the COVID-19 pandemic? The searches were carried out in March 2021 in the databases of public, restricted and gray literature information portals. Results: a total of 38 studies were selected and three categories were elaborated based on them, namely: 1) Actions and strategies for coping with COVID-19 in universities; 2) Inclusive and Social protection actions and strategies for groups vulnerable to COVID-19 in universities; and 3) Health and Well-being Education actions and strategies in the face of COVID-19 in universities. Conclusions: the study evidenced that health promotion actions and strategies in universities become a reality when the proposals find institutional support, inter- and transdisciplinary mobilization and integration with governmental sectors and private initiative, in addition to engagement of the academic population. Several actions were observed in different scenarios, showing social commitment and a critical stance in the face of COVID-19, aiming at a fairer and more sustainable society through knowledge.
Adição de farinha de casca de guavira em pão: características físico-químicas e sensoriais
Authors: Salgado Carolina de Souza , Alexandre Ana Claudia Nunes Palmeira , Amaral Luane Aparecida do , Sarmento Ulana Chaves , Nabeshima Elizabeth Harumi , Novello Daiana , Santos Elisvânia Freitas dos
Published: May 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da adição de farinha da casca da guavira (FCG) em pão sobre suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Foram elaboradas três formulações de pão: padrão com 0% de FCG (F1), com adição de 0,84% de FCG (F2) e 1,96% de FCG (F3). O pão elaborado com 0,84% de farinha de casca de guavira (F2) apresentou maior aceitabilidade pelos provadores, não diferindo da amostra padrão (F1). Quanto à composição físico-química, houve diferença entre as amostras (p < 0,05). Maiores teores de cinzas, carboidrato e calorias, e menores teores de umidade e lipídio foram verificados na formulação com maior teor de FCG (F3). Não houve diferença estatística (p > 0,05) para os conteúdos de proteína entre as formulações. A incorporação de farinha da casca da guavira resultou em acréscimo de vitamina C nas formulações, porém as quantidades testadas não foram suficientes para contribuir com melhorias na qualidade da massa. A adição de farinha da casca da guavira causou escurecimento e indicou tendência de cor para o amarelo na casca e vermelho no miolo dos pães. O volume específico encontrado nas formulações com farinha da casca da guavira se assemelharam ao da formulação padrão. Na análise reológica da farinha da casca da guavira, não houve diferença de tenacidade entre as amostras com adição de FCG, porém a extensibilidade foi maior na amostra com 1,5% de FCG. A farinha com 1,5% apresentou menor índice de configuração de curva e o acréscimo de farinha da casca da guavira resultou na diminuição do trabalho mecânico. A pesquisa demonstrou que o uso da farinha de casca de guavira adicionada à farinha de trigo é viável na elaboração de pães com boa qualidade sensorial.
Excessive use of social media by high school students in southern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Yohana Pereira , Viero Vanise dos Santos Ferreira , Saes-Silva Elizabet , Silva Priscila Arruda da , Silva Laura Silva da , Saes Mirelle de Oliveira , Demenech Lauro Miranda , Dumith Samuel Carvalho
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. Results: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. Conclusions: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes.
Alimentação complementar e estado nutricional de lactentes em dieta de exclusão das proteínas do leite de vaca
Authors: Augusto Érika Ozela , Bonucci Vânia Guimarães , Cardoso Rafaela Valente , Morais Mauro Batista de
Published: May 2022

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a dieta e o estado nutricional de lactentes em dieta de exclusão das proteínas do leite de vaca. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, que comparou: lactentes em dieta de exclusão das proteínas do leite de vaca (n=60) atendidos em unidade de dispensação de fórmulas hipoalergênicas e lactentes sem restrições alimentares (n=60), de mesma idade e sexo (grupo controle). A idade variou de seis a 24 meses. A dieta foi avaliada com o emprego do inquérito alimentar e foram mensurados o peso e a estatura. Resultados: A ingestão de macronutrientes foi adequada em ambos os grupos. No grupo em dieta de exclusão das proteínas do leite de vaca, as proporções de lactentes com ingestão insuficiente foram menores em relação aos controles, para ferro (13,3 e 31,7%; p=0,029), zinco (5,0 e 18,3%; p=0,047) e vitamina D (25,0 e 71,7%; p<0,001). A fórmula hipoalergênica contribuiu com maior oferta de nutrientes do que os alimentos lácteos para o grupo controle. Entre 12 e 24 meses, o número de lactentes em dieta de exclusão que nunca consumiram carne bovina, peixe, cereais e ovo foi maior do que no grupo controle (p<0,05). Os escores Z de comprimento-idade nos lactentes em dieta de exclusão das proteínas do leite de vaca (-0,4±1,6) foram menores (p=0,039) do que no grupo controle (+0,2±1,3). Conclusões: A dieta de lactentes em exclusão do leite de vaca foi adequada apesar do atraso na introdução de alguns alimentos. Lactentes em dieta de exclusão apresentaram menor crescimento linear não acompanhado de déficit ponderal.
Complementary feeding and nutritional status of infants on cow’s milk proteins elimination diet
Authors: Augusto Érika Ozela , Bonucci Vânia Guimarães , Cardoso Rafaela Valente , Morais Mauro Batista de
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diet and nutritional status of infants on an elimination diet of cow’s milk proteins. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study that compared: Infants on a cow’s milk protein elimination diet (n=60) assisted at a hypoallergenic formula distribution unit and a control group of same age and gender without dietary restrictions (n=60). Age ranged from 6 to 24 months. The diet was evaluated using the 24-hour food survey and weight and height were measured. Results: The macronutrient intake of both groups reached nutritional recommendations. The proportions of infants in the group of elimination of cow’s milk proteins with insufficient intake were lower, compared to controls, for iron (13.3 and 31.7%; p=0.029), zinc (5.0 and 18.3%; p=0.047), and vitamin D (25.0 and 71.7%; p<0.001). The hypoallergenic formula contributed to a greater supply of nutrients than dairy foods for the control group. Between 12 and 24 months, the number of infants on a restriction diet who never consumed meat, fish, cereals, and eggs was higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The length-age Z scores in infants on a cow’s milk protein elimination diet (-0.4±1.6) were lower (p=0.039) than in the control group (+0.2±1.3). Conclusions: The diet of infants with exclusion of cow’s milk protein was adequate despite the delay in the introduction of some complementary foods. Infants on an elimination cow’s milk protein diet showed lower linear growth without weight deficit.
Risk factors for insufficient weight and height gain in children with congenital heart disease followed up at a nutrition outpatient clinic
Authors: Talassi Beatriz Cassaniga , Konstantyner Tulio , Miranda Stela de Almeida , Leite Heitor Pons
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: To describe weight and height evolution and to identify risk factors for insufficient anthropometric growth in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: Historical cohort study including 131 children with congenital heart disease, followed up at a nutrition outpatient clinic. The anthropometric indices over time (initial score, after 12 and 24 months of follow-up) were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. The outcome was ‘insufficient weight-height gain’, defined as an increase of ≤0.5 in the z-score of weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A) or body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) after 12 months of follow-up. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to identify risk and confounding factors. Results: The z-scores of W/A (p<0.001) and BMI/A (p<0.001) improved after 12 months, as well as the three indexes after 24 months (p<0.001). At the end of this period, 55.7% of the patients did not achieve an increase of >0.5 in the Z score of W/A; 77.1%, of H/A; and 45.8%, of BMI/A. A follow-up of less than five appointments was associated with insufficient gain in W/A (OR 7.78; 95%CI 3.04–19.88), H/A (OR 10.79; 95%CI 2.22–52.45) and BMI/A (OR 2.54; 95%CI 1.12–5.75). Not having undergone cardiac surgery and being aged ≥12 months were factors associated with insufficient W/A gain (OR 3.95; 95%CI 1.38–11.29/OR 3.60; 95%CI 1.33–9.72) and BMI/A (OR 2.81; 95%CI 1.08–7.28/OR 3.39; 95%CI 1.34–8.56). Low income was associated with insufficient H/A gain (OR 4.11; 95%CI 1.25–13.46). Conclusions: Being aged less than or 12 months, the lowest number of appointments, absence of surgical treatment and low family income were risk factors for insufficient weight and height gain in children with congenital heart disease.
Epidemiological profile and temporal trend of exogenous intoxications in children and adolescents
Authors: Melo Mônica Thalia Brito de , Santana Gibson Barros de Almeida , Rocha Matheus Henrique Almeida , Lima Roberta Karolline de Souza , Silva Talles Alberto Bispo da , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Rodrigues Amanda Karine Barros Ferreira
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and to analyze the trend in the incidence rate of exogenous poisoning concerning children and adolescents (0–19 years old) in the city of Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil, in the period from 2007 to 2015. Methods: Observational study with data extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The variables sex, age group, toxic agent, and circumstance were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For temporal analysis, cut-off rates of incidence/10,000 inhabitants were calculated and the inflection point regression model was used for analysis. Results: There were 5,539 cases of exogenous intoxication in individuals aged 0–19 years in the city, of which 53.1% (n=2,944) occurred in girls and 61.5% (n=3,405) in children aged 0–9 years. Medicines consisted in the main agent responsible for intoxications (28.5%; n=1,580), mainly by accidental use (18.2%; n=1,010). There was a significant increase in the events during the study period (Average Annual Percent Change: 12.7; 95%CI 1.1–25.6; p<0.001), with rates increasing from 56.52/10,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 56.64/10,000 inhabitants in 2015. The incidence of cases in girls increased from 57.34/10,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 62.27/10,000 inhabitants in 2015. In boys, the incidence of cases was stationary: 55.69/10,000 inhabitants to 50.9 /10,000 inhabitants in the same period. Conclusions: The study showed a higher frequency of cases in girls aged 0 to 4 years and an increasing trend in the incidence rate during the study period. Implementation of actions and strategies, with emphasis on health education, is needed in order to prevent cases of exogenous intoxication.
Standard reference and percentiles of maximum respiratory pressures values of healthy children aged 7–10 years
Authors: Schivinski Camila Isabel Santos , Wamosy Renata Maba Gonçalves , Parazzi Paloma Lopes Francisco , Morcillo André Moreno
Published: May 2022

Abstract Objective: This study aims to present standard reference for values of maximum respiratory pressures of healthy schoolchildren, according to gender. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving healthy children aged 7–10 years. Data of body mass and height were evaluated to calculate body mass index (BMI). In addition, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and maximal expiratory pressure values were evaluated according to the American Thoracic Society. The maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and data of maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) obtained in the study showed normal distribution and curves were built by the Lambda–Mu–Sigma (LMS) method, as well as the values of MIP and MEP percentiles 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97 for each gender. Results: MIP and MEP data were collected from 399 schoolchildren. All schoolchildren in the sample had adequate FEV1 and BMI. The study showed an increase in respiratory pressure values with age progression. The MIP and MEP values of girls were of 53.4±11.0 and 61.8±12.5cmH2O, respectively, and those of boys were 59.9±13.6 and 69.6±15.7cmH2O, respectively. Conclusions: Normal curves and percentiles were developed for MIP and MEP values of healthy schoolchildren. The extreme percentiles (3rd and 97th) were determined, and a specific graph was elaborated for each group. These graphs may help clinical follow-up and therapeutic monitoring of different pediatric populations.
A deficiência de adenina fosforibosiltransferase leva à disfunção do aloenxerto renal em receptores de transplante renal: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Rashid Ishfaq , Verma Ashish , Tiwari Pramil , D’Cruz Sanjay
Published: May 2022

Resumo Antecedentes: A deficiência de adenina fosforibosiltransferase (APRT) tem grandes implicações na sobrevida do enxerto em pacientes transplantados renais. Esta revisão sistemática investigou o padrão diagnóstico, a abordagem de tratamento e os desfechos do transplante renal entre pacientes transplantados renais com deficiência de adenina fosforibosiltransferase. Material e métodos: Os artigos que relatam sobre a enzima APRT e a disfunção do aloenxerto renal foram recuperados do PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Biblioteca Cochrane e bancos de dados do Google Acadêmico. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva para extrair inferências. Resultados: Foram incluídos participantes que receberam 39 enxertos, a maioria dos quais provenientes de doadores vivos seguidos por doadores falecidos e doadores cadáveres. Foi relatado tempo de sobrevida do enxerto superior a 6 meses em 23 (76,7%) pacientes, enquanto outros 7 (23,3%) pacientes tiveram tempo de sobrevida do enxerto inferior a 6 meses. Apenas 4 (13,3%) pacientes apresentaram deficiência de APRT antes do transplante. Após acompanhamento, um terço dos pacientes, 10 (33,3%) apresentaram função do enxerto estável, 1 paciente teve perda do aloenxerto, 8 (26,6%) pacientes apresentaram função retardada do enxerto, enquanto os 11 (36,6%) pacientes restantes tiveram disfunção crônica do enxerto renal. Conclusões: A deficiência de APRT é uma causa subestimada e reversível de nefropatia cristalina que leva à disfunção do aloenxerto renal ou à perda total do aloenxerto. Os resultados deste estudo pedem a inclusão desta condição no diagnóstico diferencial de nefropatia cristalina, mesmo na ausência de um histórico de nefrolitíase.
Assessing the capacity of large-scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic models for mapping flood hazard in southern Brazil
Authors: Alves Maria Eduarda Pereira , Fan Fernando Mainardi , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de , Siqueira Vinícius Alencar , Fleischmann Ayan Santos , Brêda João Paulo , Laipelt Leonardo , Araújo Alexandre Abdalla
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT Mapping flood risk areas is important for disaster management at the local, regional, and national scales. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of large-scale models to obtain flood hazard maps. The models were compared to the estimates developed by the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM) for different return periods (RP). The floods were evaluated for the municipalities of Uruguaiana, Montenegro and São Sebastião do Caí in the Rio Grande do Sul state. It was shown that the flood mapping generated by MGB covers larger areas (greater than 1000 km2; Siqueira et al. 2018), with a lower cost of obtaining for large scales. The - Hit Rate of the regional and continental MGB model versions with the CPRM maps ranged from about 40% to 90% in different cities, and the Hit Rate between the regional model and the CPRM map increased with the increased return period floods. The continental model compatibility was similar for all analyzed RPs. Our results suggest the agreement in terms of Hit Rate of current large-scale hydrological-hydrodynamic models to assess flood hazard.
COLONIZAÇÃO DO CORPO E DESPERSONIFICAÇÃO DA MULHER NO SISTEMA OBSTÉTRICO
Authors: Ladeira Francielli Martins Borges , Borges William Antonio
Published: May 2022

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de construir uma inteligibilidade sobre a sujeição da mulher à autoridade médico-hospitalar nos momentos de gestação e parto. O sistema obstétrico vigente no Brasil, estudado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo narrativas de 24 mulheres que contam histórias sobre como elas se sentiram despersonificadas no momento do parto, denota que este tem se constituído de modo colonizado e violento. Na relação dessas mulheres com o sistema obstétrico, impera toda forma de objetificação do corpo, de violência obstétrica e de não atendimento às vontades da mulher enquanto ser protagonista do parto. Impera a tutela profissional em detrimento da atuação do saber do corpo, do sensível, do comum. A alternativa à excessiva autoridade médica/hospitalar no processo tradicional têm sido a busca por equipes humanizadas, desarticulando o procedimento hegemônico a partir do desejo de viver o parto como uma experiência de protagonismo.
Land Grabbing and International Political Economy: Towards a Critical Neo-Gramscian Theoretical Model of Land Governance in Latin America
Authors: Mora Sol
Published: May 2022

Abstract The vigorous debate on global land grabbing within Critical Agrarian Studies contrasts with the incipient analyses from International Political Economy (IPE). This divergence has overshadowed the multi-scalar nature of the power relations that shape land governance, and consequently its effects on land grabbing. For this reason, this paper provides a critical theoretical model of land governance based on Robert Cox’s historical structures approach to understand the causes of land grabbing in Latin American countries. It is argued that this model renders visible the articulation of local and global processes driving land grabbing because it foregrounds the power relations at multiple scales that shape decisions on land access, use and control, as well as the conflicts inherent to them. This demonstrates that, on the one hand, land governance structures in Latin America play a hegemonic role since they express and develop the global agricultural model that promotes land grabbing. On the other hand, social resistance highlights that land governance simultaneously possesses a potential for change. As a result, knowledge about land grabbing is enhanced through a dialogue between the two fields of study.
Experimental study of a self-expanding filling material for mine-sealing walls
Authors: Liu Sun , Shi Guoqing , Xu Yihang , Bao Xiaoqing
Published: May 2022

A self-expanding filling material for mine-sealing walls (SEFM-MSW) was developed to solve the problems of the current main filling materials of MSW, such as high consumption of materials, high labour intensity and poor sealing effects. The material composition and structure were examined in this work and it was found that the performance of the SEFM-MSW was optimised with the addition of an expansion agent at a dosage of 0.4–1.0%, an admixture (dosage of 1.0–1.5%), fibre (dosage of 0.1%) and a water/cement ratio of 0.45–0.50. The relationship between the 28-day compressive strength and porosity of the SEFM-MSW could be expressed by an exponential function or a power function. The SEFM-MSW compressive strength decreased with an increase in porosity, which is consistent with the Ryshkewitch and Balshin models. The results also showed that when the expansion ratio of the SEFM-MSW was higher, the average pore size was larger, the pore size distribution was wider and the compressive strength was lower. The results of this study have realistic impacts for practical engineering applications.
Edge effect on helium outgassing from ultralow expansion glass
Authors: Tredhaku Isuf , Avdiaj Sefer
Published: May 2022

Determination of the diffusion constant for specific cases can be achieved in different ways. One of them is by outgassing some gas in high vacuum from a solid body. In this paper, the diffusion constant of helium from ultralow expansion (ULE) glass is determined by using experimental data for the outgassing rate of helium from three ULE glass plates with different dimensions. ULE glasses are one of the candidates that may be used in the project for quantum pascal. Usually, the diffusion constant is found by using mathematical models that neglect the thickness of the plate. In this paper, a mathematical model for the outgassing of helium by ULE glass is constructed, taking into account also the thickness of the plates. Optimum values of the diffusion coefficient D are determined, such that the mathematical model for outgassing will fit in the best way possible the experimental data. Optimum values of D are calculated based on the fitting by the method of least squares. Values obtained in this manner are compared with the values taken by previous models that consider plates as infinitely thin surfaces. Thus, the difference between these values – namely, the edge effect on the outgassing of helium by ULE glass – is determined.
Cast structure and properties of duplex stainless steels
Authors: Zhitenev A. I. , Fedorov A. S. , Kovalev P. V. , Strekalovskaya D. A. , Al’khimenko A. A.
Published: May 2022

Currently, duplex stainless steels are increasingly used in industry. Austenite and ferrite in these steels are in approximately equal proportions. During manufacture of cast products from these steels, a chemical and structural heterogeneity is formed in the castings, for the elimination of which heat treatment is carried out. In practice, within the framework of one class or even one steel grade, the chemical composition and, as a consequence, the phase ratio can vary over a wide range without reaching their optimal values. In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of chemical composition and solidification conditions on the structure and properties of cast duplex stainless steels and developed thermodynamic criteria for the selection of casting alloys, taking into account the temperature of beginning of the polymorphic transformation of δ-ferrite into austenite and the average equilibrium rate of this transformation. It was found that in the studied steels with 21 – 26 % of chromium, crystallization proceeds with the formation of δ-ferrite dendrites, and austenite is formed in the solid metal at the places of the former interdendrite spaces. It is shown that at cooling rates, which are realized in practice when obtaining, for example, casings of centrifugal pumps or other products of a similar size, the transformation of δ-ferrite into austenite is practically suppressed when the temperature reaches 1180 – 1200 °C. On the basis of this, a criterion for the development of compositions with the required phase ratio without heat treatment was proposed. The evolution of the structure during heat treatment at temperatures of 1050 – 1250 °C was studied and it is shown how by choosing the optimal temperature of annealing and quenching, depending on the actual chemical composition of steel, it is possible to achieve an acceptable level of pitting potential in steel with a lower alloying, and vice versa, non-optimal heat treatment of a high-doped alloy leads to a catastrophic decrease in corrosion resistance. It is shown that in the steels under consideration optimal properties are achieved at 70 % of δ-ferrite.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD GROUPS AND PLATELETCRIT IN HEALTHY TURKISH POPULATION
Authors: ÖZBALCI Demircan , ALANOĞLU Emine Güçhan , YILDIRIM BAŞ Funda , TATAR Nur Banu , ÖZCAN Yavuz , YASAN Hasan , KAYA Erşan
Published: May 2022

Objective
Plateletcrit (PCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV)
are important platelet indices that are associated
with various systemic and inflammatory disorders.
The aims of this study are, first to determine normal
ranges of PCT in a healthy population and second,
evaluation of the possible link between blood groups
and two platelet indices, PCT and MPV.
Material and Method
One thousand five hundred healthy subjects were
chosen for the study from 2011 to 2021 retrospectively.
Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume,
leukocyte count, leukocyte differentials, MPV, PCT
and platelet counts were analysed.
Results
In 1082 subjects, the mean PCT count was 0.20±0.04
% (min 0.11-max 0.46 %) and mean MPV was
8.41±0.92 fL (min 6.20-max 11.90 fL). The mean
PCT, MPV and platelet counts of the study group were
found to be significantly higher in women than in men
(p
Siber Saldırıların BM Şartı’nda Yer Alan Silahlı Saldırı Kavramı Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BOZKURT Muharrem Uğur
Published: May 2022

Teknolojinin gelişimi, bilgisayarların kullanım alanlarının yaygınlaşması ve bilgisayara olan bağımlılığın artmasıyla birlikte siber uzay da bir savaş alanı haline gelmiştir. Siber uzaydaki askeri faaliyetlere yönelik uluslararası düzenleme olmayışı, buradaki eylemlerin uluslararası hukukun kapsamı dışında olduğu anlamına gelmemektedir. BM Şartı’nda yer alan ilke ve yasakların, nispeten yeni bir kuvvet kullanma şekli olan siber savaş için de geçerli olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Kuvvet kullanma yasağının istisnası olan meşru müdafaa hakkının kullanılabilmesi için bir silahlı saldırının gerçekleşmiş olması ön koşulu aranmaktadır. Gerçekleşen silahlı saldırının hangi silahları içerdiği saldırının varlığını etkilememektedir. Bir silah olarak siber yöntemlerin kullanımı sonucunda ortaya çıkan etkilerin kinetik etkiye sahip silahlarla gerçekleştirilecek saldırılar seviyesine çıkabileceği yaşanmış örneklerle sabittir. Bu nedenle boyut ve etkileri bakımından belirli bir eşiği aşan siber saldırılar meşru müdafaa hakkına esas teşkil edecek silahlı saldırıyı oluşturabilir.
Osmanlı Mülki Memurlarının Emekli Maaşları
Authors: GÖKMEN Ertan
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma Osmanlı mülki memurlarının 1880-1912 yılları arasındaki emeklilik şartlarını ve maaşlarını ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın kaynağını Osmanlı Arşivi’nde bulunan ve 1880-1912 yıllarını kapsayan dört adet tekaüt defteri oluşturmaktadır. Defterlerde emekli olan memurların emekliliklerine ait berat suretleri bulunmaktadır. Bu kayıtlarda emekli olan memurun adı, görev yaptığı yer, emeklilik tarihi, bağlanan emekli maaşı miktarı, bu maaşın hangi sosyal güvenlik kurumu tarafından karşılanacağı gibi bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Defterlerde 10.146 emekliye ait berat sureti bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada tekaüt defterlerindeki bilgiler doğrultusunda farklı meslek gruplarına mensup memurların en yüksek ve en düşük maaşları ile ortalama emekli maaşları tespit edilmiştir. Emekli maaşları verilenler arasında bakan, müsteşar, vali, vali yardımcısı, vali vekili, kaymakam, defterdar, hâkim, muhasebeci, müfettiş, mühendis, doktor, cerrah, ebe, maarif müdürü, mektep müdürü, muallim, komiser, polis gibi kamu görevlileri bulunmaktadır. Bu görevlilerden en yüksek maaşları mülki idareciler, en düşük maaşı ise öğretmenler, polisler ve ebeler almaktadır.
Síndrome respiratória aguda grave por influenza: perfil epidemiológico de pacientes da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Binhardi Fernada Modesto Tolentino , Lemos Ana Paula , Martins Laisla Zanetoni , Santi Milena Polotto de , Soares Márcia Maria Costa Nunes
Published: May 2022

Introdução: O vírus Influenza, um dos maiores desafios de saúde pública do mundo, causa epidemias anuais recorrentes com infecções respiratórias agudas que apresentam manifestações que variam de quadros leves a complicações fatais. Objetivos: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes hospitalizados com Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) por Influenza na região Noroeste Paulista do Brasil. Adicionalmente, verificar a sazonalidade da gripe e a prevalência do vírus Influenza na população desta região. Métodos: estudo transversal retrospectivo com levantamento de dados de exames de pacientes internados em hospitais da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: Foram analisados os resultados de 1712 amostras, das quais, 430 (25%) foram positivas para o vírus influenza, destas 417 (97%) foram positivas para Influenza A e 13 (3%) positivas para Influenza B. Com relação à faixa etária, 53,7% das amostras eram de pacientes pertencentes a grupos de risco, sendo 418 amostras (24,4%) de idosos acima de 60 anos e 501 (29,3%) amostras de crianças menores de cinco anos. Cerca de 89% das amostras positivas foram provenientes de pacientes não vacinados. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que houve predomínio do vírus Influenza A em idosos e crianças, ambos considerados importantes grupos de risco. Além disso, foi evidenciada a importância da vacinação para a redução dos casos positivos. A detecção e identificação precoce possibilitam o tratamento correto, a diminuição do tempo de internação e seus custos e minimizam os riscos de evolução para casos graves e óbito. Cabe ressaltar a importância de medidas de prevenção que devem ser mantidas e fortalecidas, principalmente, a vacinação.
The Relationship between Basic Human Values and Use of Information and Communication Technology among Younger and Older Generations
Authors: Tatarko A.N. , Maklasova E.V. , Dubrov D.I. , Bagdasaryan M.A.
Published: May 2022

This article presents the results of a study on the interrelationship between values and the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) among younger and older Russians. It was assumed that for these age groups basic values play a different role in encouraging or discouraging the use of ICT. The study was carried out using a socio-psychological survey. The questionnaire included the authors’ methodology for measuring involvement in the use of ICT and a short version of Sh. Schwartz’s questionnaire for assessing basic values (ESS-21). In a comparative perspective, using the moderator analysis, the connection between the active use of ICT and basic values among younger and older Russians (N=990; average age=37.6 years; 31.4% male) were assessed, taking into account their age as a moderator. As a result, it was found that the age of respondents is negatively associated with the active use of ICT, in contrast to the level of education and income level. Nine out of ten values (excluding Stimulation) are associated with the use of ICT. Several values are associated with the use of ICT, regardless of age (Power, Tradition, Benevolence, Universalism). There is also a number of values (Achievement, Hedonism, Stimulation, Conformity, Security) which in a certain way are associated with the use of ICT only among the older generation. The article discusses the results obtained.
Satisfaction with Life in the «Third Age» and Its Measurement: Adaptation of the Russian Version of the LSITA-SF
Authors: Zolotareva A.A. , Averina P.A. , Timoshina A.L.
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to adapt the Russian version of the Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age-Short Form (LSITA-SF) by E. Barrett [6]. The study involved 203 respondents aged 50 to 83 years. All participants completed a set of socio-demographic questions, LSITA-SF, and instruments assessing apathy, depression, subjective vitality, overall satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness. The results showed that the Russian version of the LSITA-SF has a one-factor structure and demonstrates high internal reliability and convergent validity. An analysis of the socio-demographic differences in the LSITA-SF scores indicated that females and younger respondents had higher scores of satisfaction with life in the “third age” than males and older respondents. It was concluded that the Russian version of the LSITA-SF is a reliable and valid instrument that can be recommended as a scale for screening and monitoring satisfaction with life in the Russian-speaking respondents who are in the “third age”.
Psychological Content and Dynamics of Learning Activity Goals in Students of Pedagogical University
Authors: Slepko Y.N.
Published: May 2022

The paper presents materials of a comparative empirical study of the developmental features of learning activity goals in students of pedagogical university. The materials were obtained on a sample of 1—4-year students, future primary school teachers. The work was aimed at identifying the abovementioned features as well as their relationship with motivation and successful training. The sample (N=118) included respondents aged 17 to 22 (M=19.5; SD=1.24), 99% of whom were female: 1st-year students N=42 aged 18 to 19 (M=18.1; SD=0.41); 2nd-year students —N=24 aged 18 to 20 (M=19.3; SD=0.56), 3rd-year students N=27 aged 19 to 21 (M=20.1; SD=0.58); 4th-year students N=25 aged 20 to 22 (M=21.0; SD=0.61). Empirical methods were used to assess the significance and content of the goals of learning activity (Questionnaire “Learning activity goals”) and learning motivation (“Technique for assessing learning motivation and emotional attitude to learning” by A.M. Prikhozhan). Training success was evaluated basing on the indicators of academic performance in students. The results obtained reveal that over the course of training there is a gradual decrease in the significance of academic performance and an increase in the significance of self-development goals, diffuse goals. Comparative analysis of groups of students with varying degrees of training goals significance showed growing differences in emotional experience and anxiety in relation to educational outcomes. A moderate negative relationship was found between the significance of training outcomes and academic performance in students. This confirms the contradiction between the assessed academic performance and students’ notions about the content of their future pedagogical activity.
Features of Educational and Developmental Activity of Students Under Forced Self-Isolation
Authors: Arendachuk I.V. , Klenova M.A. , Usova N.V.
Published: May 2022

The paper analyses differences in the expression and determination of the educational and developmental activity of students in everyday life and under forced social isolation. The study was conducted on a sample of young students (N=338) aged 16—25 years (M=19.9; SD=2.1), 63.9% female. The following methods were used: the authors’ questionnaire aimed at identifying the intensity of educational and developmental activity in different life conditions; the technique “Activity of personality under forced social restrictions” (by N.V. Usova, I.V. Arendachuk, M.A. Klenova); the technique “Assessment of mental activation, interest, emotional tonus, tension and comfort” (by L.A. Kurgansky, T.A. Nemchin). The study found that under self-isolation the educational and developmental activity of students is higher than in ‘normal’ life. The paper also shows how various psychological features determine such activity. The less the students under self-isolation display educational and developmental activity, the more it is due to reactions of frustration and is further compensated by the transfer of activity to family relationships. Those students who display high educational and developmental activity tend to be more confident of having control over their life. They focus on professional development, recreation and entertainment. More or less, the display of educational and developmental activity of students greatly depends on their psychological and emotional states.
Educational Breakout and Sustainable CLIL Teacher Training
Authors: Polyakova O. , de Ros Cócera L.
Published: May 2022

This paper analyses how new learning approaches based on gamification can be used for professional growth in teacher training seminars. To address this matter, we designed and implemented a Breakout Edu competition — a sequence of game-based tasks mixing up education and entertainment. The pilot study involved fifteen plurilingual educators tackling the efficacy of social and cognitive groundworks of collaborative learning through gamification. It is important to highlight that the participants were also experts in teaching non-linguistic subjects in English (Content and Language Integrated Learning or CLIL methodology). The researchers designed and implemented a methodological plan to ensure the process feasibility and confirm the motivational value of the training set. The project comprised the experimental part (workshop, training materials), feedback (questionnaire, discussion), analysis and dissemination of the results. Our results based on an original questionnaire showed a general acceptance of new gamified knowledge building and raised awareness of active learning techniques. Overall, 80% of participants fully agreed with the possibility of implementing this technique in the classroom with the students across different educational stages; the same number of educators considered that the Breakout Edu workshop fully encouraged motivation and teamwork. Despite certain limitations in terms of sample size, our experiment strengthens the dissemination of learner-focused approaches. Profiling professional development challenges of future CLIL instructors was aligned with sustainable development goal 4 (General Assembly Resolution). Research findings will deserve careful thought by the education community, policymakers and teacher-trainers currently promoting CLIL, active learning methodologies and gamification.
Evaluasi Primer Gen COI sebagai Biomarker Ketertelusuran Ikan menggunakan Bioinformatika
Authors: Nugraha Roni , Dewi Puspita Sari , Nurilmala Mala
Published: May 2022

Gen cytochrome oxidase I (COI) merupakan bagian dari bahan genetik mitokondria yang sering digunakan sebagai penanda spesies pada system ketertelusuran produk perikanan. Gen COI ini diperbanyak dari jaringan ikan menggunakan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan primer universal. Akan tetapi, ikan merupakan spesies yang memiliki keragaman yang tinggi, sehingga primer universal ini tidak sepenuhnya cocok dengan gen COI ikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecocokan primer universal di berbagai gen COI ikan perlu untuk dilakukan. Pada penelitian ini, primer universal dicocokkan dengan 33 sekuen spesies ikan dari GenBank NCBI. Sekuen dianalisis dengan membuat Percent Identity Matrix (PIM) dan pohon filogenetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua primer memiliki kualitas yang baik. Primer CO1shark25 dan CO1shark315 sejajar dengan 31-32 sekuen, namun belum memenuhi parameter ideal sebuah primer. Oleh karena itu, didesain beberapa primer universal baru yang sesuai dengan kriteria primer ideal. Desain primer baru dibuat dan dievaluasi menggunakan program PerlPrimer dan OligoEvaluator. Primer mini-barcode universal ikan dari sekuen Lagocephalus lagocephalus, Takifugu vermicularis, Arothron hispidus, Hypanus americanus, Isurus oxyrhyncus, dan Katsuwonus pelamis telah dirancang dan dievaluasi untuk alternatif biomarker.
Ekstraksi Polisakarida Ulvan dari Rumput Laut Ulva lactuca Berbantu Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Suhu Rendah
Authors: Ramadhan Wahyu , Uju Uju , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah , Pari Rizfi Fariz , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Sevica Devani
Published: May 2022

Ulvan merupakan polisakarida bersulfat utama dari rumput laut Ulva yang memiliki aktivitas biologis penting. Umumnya ulvan diekstrak menggunakan suhu tinggi dan dengan rentang waktu yang lama, oleh karena itu diperlukan metode ekstraksi alternatif yang dapat menghasilkan ulvan yang memiliki kualitas yang baik namun tetap mendukung konsep efisiensi energi. Salah satu metode green extraction yang dapat mengurangi penggunaan pelarut organik dan energi yang tinggi selama ekstraksi adalah dengan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan waktu, suhu dan jenis pelarut dengan bantuan ultrasonik yang paling baik dalam menghasilkan rendemen dan karakteristik ulvan yang sesuai dibandingkan dengan ulvan yang diekstraksi dengan metode konvensional atau tanpa bantuan ultrasonikasi. Pada penelitian tahap awal digunakan kombinasi antara jenis pelarut (akuades, HCl dan NaOH) dengan kondisi ekstraksi suhu rendah (50, 60, dan 70℃) selama 45 dan 90 menit dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Rendemen tertinggi ulvan diperoleh dari ekstraksi menggunakan NaOH pada suhu 70℃ selama 90 menit dengan bantuan ultrasonik sebesar 16,90±0,45%. molekul dan viskositas ulvan yang dihasilkan dengan berbantu ultrasonik menunjukkan penurunan nilai dibandingkan dengan tanpa ultrasonikasi. Hasil Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy mengkonfirmasi pita serapan grup sulfat yang merupakan residu gula rhamnose pada panjang gelombang 1125 cm-1 dan C-O-S pada 983 cm-1. Ulvan yang diekstrak dengan sonikasi menunjukkan kandungan sulfat 39, 58 dan 53% untuk masing- masing pelarut akuades, HCl dan NaOH. Perlakuan ultrasonikasi memberikan pengaruh pada kandungan sulfat 2-14% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sulfat yang dihasilkan dari metode konvensional.
El discurso del desarrollo y las nuevas ruralidades en América Latina
Authors: Saavedra G´´ómez Oscar
Published: May 2022

Situándome en la perspectiva teórica del lugar no sólo como referente epistémico, sino también como posibilidad de acción política, el presente artículo intenta llevar a cabo una reflexión teórica acerca de las nuevas realidades en las zonas rurales de América latina, haciendo énfasis en el caso colombiano ymostrando las continuidades existentes entre el discurso desarrollista y laheterogeneidadrural que hoy proclama el discurso académico de las nuevas ruralidades en el marco del neoliberalismo. Al final del artículo, se hace hincapié en la manera cómo bajo este escenario los territorios de las comunidades se vuelven lugares de despojo, pero también de resistencia y disputa en el contexto de la globalización.
La violencia contra las mujeres es cuestión de género
Authors: Barragán-Gamba Damaris
Published: May 2022

El artículo contiene parte de los debates teóricos que fundamentaron el macroproyecto de investigación “Violencia contra las mujeres desde la perspectiva de género y respuesta institucional”. Volcando la mirada sobre las feministas contemporáneas Joan Scott, Marta Lamas y Montserrat Sagot, se busca comprender, desde una perspectiva crítica, construccionista y relacional, dos categorías trascendentales en la investigación: género y violencia contra las mujeres. Sus aportes teóricos han contribuido a problematizar la situación de mujeres y hombres en la sociedad a partir de las relaciones desiguales de poder entre los géneros que permean todo el entramado social y se traducen en una estructura social de inequidad y opresión que niega a las mujeres el control sobre los recursos materiales y simbólicos de la sociedad y, sobre sus propias vidas.
Application of Bioprinting in Ophthalmology
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Wang Jiejie , Ji Ziyu , Yan Wei , Zhao Hong , Huang Wenhua , Liu Huan
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging technology that is widely used in regenerative medicine. With the continuous development of the technology, it has attracted great attention and demonstrated promising prospects in ophthalmologic applications. In this paper, we review the three main types of 3D bioprinting technologies: Vat polymerizationbased bioprinting, extrusion-based bioprinting, and jetting-based bioprinting. We also present in this review the analysis of the usage of both natural and synthesized hydrogels as well as the types of cells adopted for bioinks. Cornea and retina are the two main types of ocular tissues developed in bioprinting, while other device and implants were also developed for the ocular disease treatment. We also summarize the advantages and limitations as well as the future prospects of the current bioprinting technologies based on systematic reviews.
Fast Customization of Hollow Microneedle Patches for Insulin Delivery
Authors: Li Rong , Liu Xuan , Yuan Xin , Wu Shanshan , Li Li , Jiang Xuebing , Li Bo , Jiang Xian , Gou Maling
Published: May 2022

Hollow microneedle patches (HMNPs) have great promise for efficient and precise transdermal drug delivery in a painless manner. Currently, the clinical application of HMNPs is restricted by its complex manufacturing processes. Here, we use a new three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, static optical projection lithography (SOPL), for the fast fabrication of HMNPs. In this technology, a light beam is modulated into a customized pattern by a digital micromirror device (DMD) and projected to induce the spatial polymerization of monomer solutions which is controlled by the distribution of the light intensity in the monomer solutions. After an annulus picture is inputted into the DMD via the computer, the microneedles with hollow-cone structure can be precisely printed in seconds. By designing the printing pictures, the personalized HMNPs can be fast customized, which can afford the scale-up preparation of personalized HMNPs. Meanwhile, the obtained hollow microneedles (HMNs) have smooth surface without layer-by-layer structure in the commonly 3D-printed products. After being equipped with a micro-syringe, the HMNPs can efficiently deliver insulin into the skin by injection, resulting in effective control of the blood glucose level in diabetic mice. This work demonstrates a SOPL-based 3D printing technology for fast customization of HMNPs with promising medical applications.