bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles of cyclization in the collection of A.V. Ilichevsky "Dew Point"
Authors: Selemeneva Marina Valer'evna
Published: October 2024

The object of the research is the poetics of cyclization of epic texts in modern literature. The subject of the study is the structural and semantic aspects of the cyclization of small and medium prose. The collection "Dew Point" by Alexander Viktorovich Ilichevsky was chosen as the research material. The author of the article examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the way of expressing the author's position through the image of the narrator synthesizing the action, the spatial and temporal organization that ensures the unity of perception of the sections of the collection, and the leitmotif structure that semantically binds the epic text of different genres. Special attention is paid in the article to the title-nominative complex of the collection, which reflects the main techniques of cyclization, and the autobiography of the narrative, which determines the selection of spatial images, plot structure, value orientations and determines all the substantive aspects of cyclization. The author turns to the geosophical foundations of the collection in order to reveal the dependence of the ideological content of key spatial images on the spiritual quest of the narrator. Intercultural interrelationships are considered as an important tool of cyclization, which are conveyed by the author through literary allusions and a cross-cultural approach to reflecting the modern world. The research is based on a systematic and holistic analysis of a literary text with elements of structural and comparative typological analysis. The cycle is considered by the author of the article as a supra-genre unity, the techniques of cyclization of a structural and meaningful nature are revealed. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the revealed principles of cyclization, including the principle of autobiography, the principle of parallelism of states of nature and the inner world of the individual, the principle of intercultural interrelationships, the principle of leitmotifism. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to clarify the principles of cyclization of the epic text in modern literature. The author conducted a systematic and holistic analysis of the poetics of the epic cycle in the works of Alexander Ilichevsky on the example of the collection "Dew Point", revealed the compositional and ideological and semantic foundations for the synthesis of various genres of epic texts into a single work of art. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a methodology for the study of the poetics of the epic cycle in modern literature; in the development of a methodology for the study of the poetics of the epic cycle as a supra-genre education; in identifying the basic techniques of cyclization of A.V. Ilichevsky's prose based on the collection "Dew Point", in systematizing the artistic foundations of the epic cycle, including leitmotifs, ways of expressing the author's position, spatial and temporal structure.
Light in Rasputin's prose
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the use of words denoting light and its shades in the works of V. G. Rasputin. The paper uses methods of structural-semiotic analysis using elements of cultural analysis, and also uses the method of interpreting an individual text and analyzing individual stylistic elements. The methodological basis consists of the works of scientists on the study of the poetics of the work, and the artistic world of V. G. Rasputin’s prose. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the features of light designations in the works of V. G. Rasputin have been identified and described. Shades of color associated with lighting are an important part of the artistic world. In the prose of V. G. Rasputin, this is light, sparks, brilliance, radiance, sparkling and flickering. Light in the works of V. G. Rasputin is carried by the sun, moon, stars, and electric light. The absence of light becomes symbolic and embodies doom, loss. Light is used in landscapes that contrast with the state of the character. In portrait descriptions, light details of appearance mark positive characters. In descriptions of the details of the material world, light emphasizes the beauty of works of human labor. Shine, sparkle, flicker and radiance emphasize the beauty of nature, while the stylistic feature of landscape descriptions and objects in the works of V. G. Rasputin is the simultaneous combination of several light shades when describing pictures of nature, as well as their use in a metaphorical meaning to describe states of the characters. Brilliance in the portrait of characters, and radiance in the description of the details of the material world, are associated with the author’s negative assessment of the character or situation.
Chinese text in the short stories "The Concrete Ones" and "Lu" by Vladimir Sorokin
Authors: Yu Linghong
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of Sinoisms and other markers of Chinese culture in Vladimir Sorokin's short stories "The Concrete Ones" and "Lu", from the collection "Feast" in 2001. The author examines in detail the Chinese motives in the above-mentioned stories, as well as analyzes the perception of the image of China in the socio-cultural context in Russia. Recall that in the previous novel "Blue Lard" the author's interest in China is already evident. The influence of Chinese culture on Sorokin's work is also noticeable in the stories "The Concrete Ones" and "Lu". Based on the Rabelaisian gastronomic hyperboles, the writer continues his linguistic experiment, based on the idea of Russian-Chinese symbiosis in the futurological world. It is important to note that Sorokin always kept up with the times, "absorbing" the spirit of the era. Thus, his work reflects the geopolitical idea of Dugin's "neo-Eurasianism" of the 1990s, as well as the growing interest of Russians in Chinese culture. Adhering to a postmodern aesthetic, Sorokin in his texts deconstructs the historical process itself, hinting at a possible "Chinese hegemony" in the future. In addition, Sorokin's interest in Chinese philosophy is evident in both stories. For example, the Taoist idea of the transition of opposites into each other can be correlated with the opposition in Sorokin's work of the aesthetics of the ugly to the beautiful. The analysis of the writer's works using structural-semiotic and cultural-historical methods that allow a deeper understanding of Chinese motifs reflected in Sorokin's work. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese "elements" in the mentioned stories, which, on the one hand, allows us to illustrate the features of the creation of the "New Russian" language by Sorokin, his creative method, on the other hand, reflects those socio—cultural trends that were not uninteresting to the author and were reflected in his work. Using the gastronomic hyperbole of the Rabelaisian type and typical postmodern techniques as a stylistic dominant, Sorokin deconstructs history and predicts "Chinese hegemony" in The Feast. As a result, it is shown that Chinese culture plays an important role in Sorokin's work and consciousness: the writer depicts a clash and dialogue between different cultural civilizations, trying to find a way out for Russia through an "alchemical marriage" with China.
Paths of genre evolution of the Constance Saga in the second half of the 14th century
Authors: Semenov Vadim Borisovich
Published: October 2024

The subject of this article is the evolution of the plot in historical perspective. The material is the unity of medieval Western European works with similar plots, known as the Constance Saga. The study involved its samples dating back to the second half of the 14th century. The aim of the study was to determine the evolution paths of the generalized plot of the Saga in the noted period relative to its state in previous periods. Along the way, the task of deriving a plot formula covering all the examples of the Saga with detailed specification in the form of selected motives was solved, which in turn are combined into two main plot situations and two motive complexes corresponding to these situations. Also, taking into account the derivation of a general formula of the Saga specific works of the indicated period were subsequently identified. The leading research method was motive analysis, and the methodology was historical poetics and literary comparative studies. These formulas of Sagas help to better understand the structure of plots, their similarities and differences, and they also show in which direction the plot tends to change, for example, what genre elements can actively penetrate the original plot and give the event material a new coloring. Medieval literature is well formalized, like examples of folklore, and the technique of presenting plots in the form of formulas for a more visual comparison of various literary texts, what allows achieving significant results in comparative historical research. This is the novelty of the presented study, since until now the selected works were compared to search for individual motivic correspondences, but there were no attempts to derive a general formula for the entire set of works of this group.
Influence of the Cycle "Don Stories" by M. A. Sholokhov on Mo Yan
Authors: Lin TSze
Published: October 2024

The cycle "Don Stories" by M. A. Sholokhov was translated into Chinese in the first half of the 20th century. Since then, the stories have enjoyed great popularity among Chinese readers and have had a significant influence on a new generation of writers. This article is dedicated to the influence of "Don Stories" on the literary work of Mo Yan. The author discusses the evolution of the translations of "Don Stories" in China and briefly analyzes the folkloric motifs within the cycle. Special attention is given to identifying and analyzing the typological connections between Sholokhov's novel and Chinese works, particularly Mo Yan's "Red Sorghum" (1986), demonstrating that despite differences in national identity and historical context, both authors address similar ideological tasks through folkloric elements. The typological similarities in the use of proverbs, sayings, oral poetry, and customs in the works of Mo Yan and M. A. Sholokhov are analyzed. Based on the theory of comparative literature by A. N. Veselovsky and V. M. Zhirmunsky, the most notable works of both authors are researched, focusing on the comparison of the functions, images, and symbols of folklore in their writings.
Verb-nominal descriptions in modern oral Russian speech: the experience of analysis
Authors: Orlova Mariia Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the use of verb-nominal descriptions (combinations of a desemanticized verb such as do/do, give/give, lead/conduct, etc. with nouns such as step, action, response, etc., naming action, based on the material of 100 podcast releases (audio broadcasts distributed on the Internet) recorded in the 20s of the XXI century) in modern Russian oral speech. The widespread idea of the exclusive belonging of such constructions to the book variety of the literary language is questioned. The reasons why speakers prefer descriptive names of an action are investigated: in particular, descriptions that do not have a correlative verb are highlighted; descriptions with a definition or a quantifier word in the name; descriptions with an indefinite meaning. The cases when a sentence with a descriptive turn can be transformed using a one-word correlate (verb) are analyzed separately. In the podcasts of the conversational genre, which involve a free dialogue of several interlocutors and differ in the number, gender and age of the presenters, the use of verb-nominal descriptions is noted and analyzed. The article for the first time examines verb-nominal descriptions based on the material of modern spontaneous oral speech, which allows us to draw conclusions about the real use of such constructions by native speakers of the Russian language. It is concluded that descriptions are regularly used in modern oral speech, if necessary, to give additional characteristics of the so-called situation, to describe its quantitative nature or to eliminate a number of participants from the description of the situation, for example, an object. In addition, the article for the first time proposes a scale of the actionality of predicates, which can be used to describe various ways of designating a situation in terms of its processality or "objectivity" — depending on the communicative intention of the speaker. This scale also allows to evaluate the probability of using a verb-nominal description in a given utterance.
The leaders of the regiments of the Kostroma militia in 1812
Authors: Kondrat'ev Nikolai Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the history of the Kostroma militia during the Patriotic War of 1812 and aims to clarify and detail the data of historiographical research on the regimental commanders of the Kostroma militia as one of the militias of the III district. Among the sources, documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Kostroma Region are considered. The documentary data are compared with the texts of the works of K.A. Voensky, V.R. Apukhtin, N.N. Vinogradov and others. The service records of the militia leaders are considered in the most detail. Archival materials are presented, which reflect the activities of the militia regiments in the Foreign campaign of 1813–1814. The generalization of biographical information made it possible to assess the military and managerial potential of the Kostroma militia. The analysis of biographical information on personalities, especially those related to military service before the campaigns of 1812–1814, aims to provide a reasoned assessment of both their personal merits and the overall results of the actions of the Kostroma militia. According to the results of the study of biographical information of the leaders of the Kostroma militia of 1812–1814, there are grounds for a number of conclusions. Firstly, the general command and militia regiments were headed by people with serious military experience: participants in the campaigns of the 1780s – 1790s, associates of A.V. Suvorov, participants in the military campaigns of 1805–1807. Secondly, among the commanders of military units there were persons with experience of civilian managers. And finally, it is particularly worth noting the full staffing of the militia regiments: from warrant officers to senior officers. This made it possible to put a man with military training at the head of each militia unit. As a result, the militia had high training and discipline, which was manifested in the Foreign campaign of 1813–1814 and when participating in military operations.
Emotional roles of modern media culture
Authors: Lobanova Yuliya Vladimirovna
Published: October 2024

The article examines the features that characterize media culture in recent decades: emotionality, anonymity, the need for "detente" and compassion. It is proved that the mechanisms of the media environment determine the popularization and dramatization of the information flow. Using the example of the role of hayter, it is shown how the conflict between taboo emotion and the need to speak out leads to socially disapproved behavior; the role of the troll is also actualized in a socio-psychological context. The article considers the emotionality of modern media culture as its integral component. Its products are a large number of neologisms–memes related to emotions, degrading forums and the fight against offensive content from corporations. Anonymity is considered as a possible reason for the decrease in empathy, dehumanization and deindividualization of the user. It is the popularity of this opportunity in the last decade that allows us to talk about a new social demand for security and freedom of expression; the reverse side of the latter is harassment, offensive statements and victims of Internet hatred among marginalized groups of the population. Using Ten van Dyck's discursive analysis of the mass media, we show that a low threshold for entering the media space does not guarantee the undermining of the status quo at all: on the contrary, the low importance of the cognitive element popularizes rumors and conspiracy theories, often confirming arguments of intolerance and xenophobia.
Cultural aspect of teaching students a foreign language based on video blogs
Authors: Urazaeva Nailya , Komisarova Liudmila Sergeevna
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the process of teaching German classes using video blogs not only as a means of teaching speaking and listening, but also as a means of forming socio-cultural competence. The article discusses the concept of "blog" and its role in the process of teaching German to students of higher educational institutions. The authors raise the question of the need to include Internet resources, in particular video blogs, in the educational process, the formation of students' socio-cultural competence, one of the components of foreign language communicative competence. This competence contributes to the acquisition of skills and knowledge necessary for effective intercultural communication. The main idea of using video blogs is the interrelated and complementary teaching of a foreign language and the culture of the language being studied in the context of intercultural dialogue. It is possible to extract valuable linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge from video blogs, to master models of speech behavior in various situations of intercultural communication. Also, video blogs contain up-to-date information on various topics and provide feedback opportunities that contribute to the formation of the ability to express and argue your point of view in German. As with any didactic tool, certain selection criteria are imposed on video blogs. With a competent selection and presentation of the material, the teacher will be able to form a foreign language competence of the student in a complex, taking into account all language levels: lexical, phonetic, grammatical, as well as extralinguistic factors, such as the communication situation, facial expressions, gestures, etc.
Dutch still life artists in Germany in the 17th century. Cultural interaction.
Authors: Antsiferova Polina Konstantinovna
Published: October 2024

This article is a study of the interaction of German and Dutch art in a genre unique to the Republic of the United Provinces of the 17th century – still life. The author examines the paintings of Dutch and Flemish still life masters and studies their contribution to German art, as well as the influence of the work of German artists on the evolution and transformation of still life in the Northern Netherlands of the 17th century. Particular attention is paid to the development trends of various directions of Dutch still life painting in interaction with German art. For the first time the key masters of the genre who worked there are highlighted. The methodology is based on the formal-stylistic method used to analyze still lifes of certain types and on the comparative stylistic analysis. Specific still lifes are analyzed, attention is paid to the socio-historical context that influenced the peculiarities of interaction between artists of the two countries and their artworks. The main conclusions of the study are about the great influence of the work of Dutch still life masters on the formation of the genre in Germany. A major role was played by the personal art preferences of the Great Elector Frederick William I and the artworks of the Dutch artists he invited to work at the court. Moreover, there were no individual genre trends that arose independently in Germany. Compositional features, style and even color choices – all this was dictated by the strong influence of the work of the Dutch masters. It is especially important that German art had virtually no influence on the development of Dutch still life; this genre received unprecedented development in the Northern and Southern Netherlands, largely under the influence of socio-cultural, political and economic processes occurring in two countries.
Some aspects of ensuring the fulfillment of the terms of international treaties
Authors: Belozertsev Sergei Mikhailovich
Published: October 2024

International relations based on international treaties face the problem of states fulfilling their obligations. Fulfillment of obligations is the foundation of contractual legal relations, which is secured by responsibility of various kinds and types. The stability of international relations is extremely important, first of all, for maintaining peace, which imposes additional moral obligations on states. The principle of good faith in the fulfillment of international obligations covers many aspects of a moral and ethical nature; it is on the principle of good faith that, for the most part, the fulfillment of the terms of international treaties is based. This scientific article provides an analysis of the criteria for assessing the conscientious behavior of an entity in the fulfillment of international obligations, and identifies existing guarantees for the conscientious execution of international treaties. The study made it possible to determine some aspects of ensuring compliance with the terms of international treaties. The foundation for the fulfillment of international obligations is the principle of good faith, which is one of the guarantees of the implementation of international treaties. Conscientious fulfillment of the obligation is also supported by certain measures, together they ensure the fulfillment of international obligations by states. The principle of fair execution of international treaties is enshrined with an indication of the consequences of non-compliance with it, but clear criteria for assessing the good faith behavior of an entity are not normatively designated, which excludes a formal approach to assessing good faith and thereby is a kind of guarantee of fair execution of international treaties. There are other elements that ensure the conscientious execution of international treaties, these include: the procedure for concluding international treaties, the definition of its conditions, international control and surveillance, the state of the domestic legislation of any state.
Intoxicação por agrotóxicos: uma análise dos principais critérios diagnósticos na prática médica
Authors: Alves Matheus Fleury , Teixeira Junior Marcos Antônio de Castro , Doering Jonathan Dalton , Malheiros Hellen Bianca Araújo , Carneiro Nathalia Martins , Santiago Bruno Almeida , Silva Victor Bruno Borges da , Vieira Vinicius de Souza Fernandes , Kumagawa Renan Makoto da Silva , Silva Glicélia Pereira
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os principais critérios diagnósticos de intoxicação por organofosforado e carbamato. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa do período 2018 – 2023, realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, usando descritores: “Intoxicação por organofosforados”, “carbamatos”, “colinesterase” e “diagnóstico”. Resultados: Foram selecionados 16 artigos para essa revisão. Percebeu-se a importância diagnóstica da avaliação dos níveis de colinesterase para a intoxicação por organofosforado e carbamato, devido a atividade enzimática e as características cinéticas da inibição. Há vários ensaios enzimáticos possíveis, sendo mais utilizado, o método de Ellman. Outros métodos substitutos são o método de Worek, o RP-HPLC e o eletrométrico modificado. A diferenciação entre os compostos possui importância terapêutica, pois há suspeita de efeitos nocivos do uso de oximas na intoxicação por carbamato. Assim, para diferenciação existem o status de colinesterase, que também avalia os níveis enzimáticos, e a identificação direta por amostras de urina e de lavagem gástrica. Evidencia-se ainda, a relação prognóstica da albumina e dos marcadores hepáticos. Considerações finais: O uso adjunto da análise dos níveis de colinesterase à clínica é benéfico para caracterização diagnóstica e prognóstica dos casos de intoxicação por organofosforados e carbamatos. Faz-se necessário também a diferenciação entre os compostos tóxicos.
Introdução alimentar adequada e sua relação com a obesidade infantil
Authors: Muniz Danielly Nascimento , Souza Maria Clara Santos , Galiza Andrea Borges Araruna
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a importância da introdução alimentar adequada na infância para prevenir a obesidade infantil, destacando a relevância da orientação médica e nutricional.  Revisão bibliográfica: A introdução alimentar, conhecida como Alimentação Complementar, oferece alimentos como complemento ao leite materno, promovendo refeições balanceadas e sempre com ênfase em proporcionar as quantidades de aporte nutricionais para pleno funcionamento do corpo, e na infância devido a transição entre o aleitamento exclusivo, alimento este que contém as quantidades ideias de nutrientes) para adquirir hábitos alimentares saudáveis e ricos em nutrientes essenciais. Estudos ressaltam a influência da família e da escola na formação dos hábitos alimentares, enfatizando a necessidade de um ambiente alimentar saudável. Estratégias nutricionais e comportamentais devem ser implementadas para promover a prática regular de atividades físicas, contribuindo para o equilíbrio do balanço energético e prevenção da obesidade infantil. Considerações finais: É fundamental enfatizar a importância da introdução alimentar adequada na infância para prevenir a obesidade infantil e promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis que perdurarão até a vida adulta. Estratégias nutricionais e comportamentais devem ser implementadas para incentivar o consumo de alimentos naturais e a prática regular de atividades físicas na infância.
Análise da eficácia da terapia de trombólise no tratamento do Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico
Authors: Teodozio Maria Adrielle , Pinheiro Rafaela da Matta Monteiro Costa , Pachêco Carla Suzane Góes , Silva Ivan do Nascimento da
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia da terapia trombolítica no tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, de natureza básica. A busca da pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe (LILACS) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), no período de janeiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2024. Resultados: Os estudos revisados indicam que a Terapia de Trombólise Intravenosa (TIV) é altamente eficaz no tratamento de Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico (AVCI) se aplicada dentro de 4,5 horas após o início dos sintomas, utilizando agentes como o Alteplase (rtPA) para desobstruir os vasos sanguíneos e limitar o dano cerebral, melhorando assim a recuperação neurológica e reduzindo a morbimortalidade. No entanto, a terapia apresenta riscos, como hemorragias intracerebrais, demandando uma seleção criteriosa dos pacientes para otimizar benefícios e mitigar complicações. Considerações finais: Considera-se que a terapia trombolítica no AVCI facilita à rápida reperfusão dos vasos bloqueados, minimizando o dano cerebral e melhorando a recuperação funcional, evidenciado pela redução nas pontuações da escala de identificação e estratificação da gravidade do AVC (escala NIHSS).
Terapia genética no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Mendes da , Santos Maria Clara Balica , Moreira Hellen Cristina Matos , Varão Isabella Cavalcante , Silva Lisandra Nunes da , Mucari Talita Buttarelo
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Reconhecer modelos, aplicações e genes alvos da terapia gênica no manejo do Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DM1). Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura, feita por meio das bases de dados Pubmed e Medline, através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram utilizados descritores relacionados ao Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1, à Terapia Genética e às Células Beta Pancreáticas, além dos operadores booleanos: AND e/ou OR. Identificaram-se 1080 artigos, dos quais 17 foram selecionados para a análise conclusiva, de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados:  Destaca-se uma ampla variedade de abordagens terapêuticas para o tratamento do Diabetes do Tipo 1 por meio da Terapia de Genes. Estas incluem intervenções em proteínas ligadas à etiopatologia do DM1, uso de vetores virais, manipulação de fatores de transcrição em células beta pancreáticas, modulação imunológica e gerenciamento da transdiferenciação celular para alcance da normoglicemia. Considerações finais:  A aplicação da terapia gênica no DM1 mostra promissoras perspectivas de intervenção, possibilitando a reversão da condição e melhor controle dos níveis glicêmicos. Entretanto, há ainda limitações quanto aos efeitos a longo prazo e à necessidade de maior apoio financeiro para as pesquisas em seres humanos.
Saúde mental e doenças tropicais negligenciadas na Amazônia
Authors: Reis César Augusto Mescouto , Sousa Heitor Matos , Santos Rômulo Teixeira dos , Chaves Elem Cristina Rodrigues , Santos Raissa Moreira Camarão dos , Carvalho Thalissa Fernandes , Sousa Smayk Barbosa
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Compreender a situação da saúde mental e das doenças tropicais negligenciadas na Amazônia, com destaque para a Doença de Chagas (DC). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com as etapas: definição do tema da pesquisa, busca ou amostragem na literatura, coleta de dados, análise crítica dos estudos incluídos, discussão dos resultados, apresentação da revisão integrativa. Resultados: A Amazônia enfrenta desafios significativos relacionados à saúde, abrangendo uma ampla gama de tópicos, desde determinantes sociais em saúde até doenças específicas e cuidados de saúde. As estratégias não farmacológicas, como o exercício físico, surgem como propostas promissoras, pois oferecem benefícios cardioprotetores e contribuem para melhorar a saúde mental de pacientes crônicos com DC. Considerações finais: socioeconômicas, como a falta de acesso a recursos econômicos e oportunidades educacionais, emergem como fatores críticos que afetam a saúde. Para garantir o bem-estar das comunidades na Amazônia, é essencial adotar uma abordagem holística que leve em consideração todos esses determinantes sociais, econômicos, ambientais e climáticos.
Características epidemiológicas e sociodemográficas da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida
Authors: Martins Ronald Jefferson , Souza Beatriz Vieira de , Silva Carolina Enemoto , Furtado Beatriz Alves , Oliveira João Pedro de , Dias Aurineide Souza Pessoa , Saliba Tânia Adas
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as características epidemiológicas da doença e os aspectos sociodemográficos dos pacientes diagnosticados com AIDS no município de Araçatuba-SP, no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos: Realizou-se a pesquisa no Departamento de IST, AIDS e Hepatites virais. Verificaram-se às variáveis presentes nas notificações compulsórias de pacientes com 13 anos ou mais e menores que 13 anos. Como dados comuns e complementares estavam: dados gerais e de laboratório, critérios de definição de casos, tratamento, evolução e antecedentes epidemiológicos da mãe. Resultados: No período analisado foram observadas 701 notificações compulsórias, sendo a maior taxa no ano de 2020 com 111 casos (15,8%). Observou-se a predominância do sexo masculino (78,2%), faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos (32,7%), raça/cor autorreferida branca (55,6%) e ensino médio completo (18,6%). A provável forma de transmissão foi a relação sexual com homens. Em relação ao critério de definição RJ/Caracas e CDC adaptado a maior prevalência foi assintomático em ambos. Observou-se falta de preenchimento de informações nos dois tipos de notificações. Conclusão: Houve um aumento no número de casos notificados de AIDS no município nos últimos anos, após acentuado declínio. As informações não preenchidas nas notificações podem comprometer a realização de políticas públicas para combater a doença.
Teleconsulta de crianças com disfagia neurogênica
Authors: Martins Wiliane de Souza , Lima Maria Luiza Lopes Timóteo de , Cruz Taciana Melo , Silva Letícia Daiana Freitas da , Sousa Renata Alves de , Nascimento Cynthia Maria Barboza do , Ximenes Coeli Regina Carneiro , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Construir e validar o conteúdo de um protocolo de teleconsulta para crianças com disfagia neurogênica. Métodos: Pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida entre março de 2021 a outubro de 2022. Foi elaborada uma proposta preliminar de protocolo, construído a partir de uma revisão sistemática e submetida ao comitê de juízes experts para fins de validação do conteúdo. A amostra foi do tipo conveniência não probabilística caracterizada por nove profissionais da Fonoaudiologia. A validação seguiu os princípios da Técnica Delphi e a concordância dos juízes quanto à representatividade dos itens em relação ao conteúdo foi aferida pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada Item (I-IVC). Resultados: A versão final do protocolo incluiu quatro domínios: gestão do cuidado e qualidade de vida dos pacientes e cuidadores, orientações sobre disfagia orofarígea neurogênica, medidas para promoção de alimentação segura (prevenção de episódios de aspiração pulmonar) e condutas de orientação para o manejo da disfagia. O protocolo mostrou-se válido, com ÍVC igual ou acima do valor preestabelecido (80%) com perfeita concordância na verificação da confiabilidade entre examinadores. Conclusão: Segundo os resultados apresentados, o conteúdo é apropriado e pertinente para o uso em teleconsulta de crianças com disfagia neurogênica.
Testes e índices que preveem falha na extubação em crianças no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Lima Filho Robson Fernandes  de , Carlos de Lima Luiz , Junior Edival Ferreira de Oliveira , Macedo Jessica Farias
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores mais comuns na predição de falha no processo de extubação em crianças no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas. Métodos: É uma revisão integrativa, que inclui 5 etapas: identificação da questão da pesquisa, dos estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; mapeamento dos dados e demonstração dos resultados, conduzida pelas diretrizes encontradas no manual de revisores do Joanna Riggs Institute de Estudos Observacionais em Epidemiologia. Foram utilizados 4 bancos de dados: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase e Lilacs. O projeto foi cadastrado no banco de dados de registros no Open Science Framework- OSF. Resultados: Na busca inicial, foram encontrados 3045 artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed (n=2064), Cochrane (n=10), Embase (n=956) e Lilacs (n=15). Após a remoção de 291 artigos duplicados e a exclusão de 2747 artigos com base na leitura de títulos e resumos, restaram 7 artigos para a leitura completa. Seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade, 5 artigos foram selecionados para análise. Considerações finais: De acordo com os estudos, há uma necessidade de ampliar e fortalecer condutas quanto ao planejamento do desmame ventilatório e sobre qual caminho seguir. Os achados evidenciaram a relevância do tema proposto, uma vez que a necessidade de maiores estudos referente ao tema abordado seja necessária.
A utilização de plantas medicinais como terapia complementar no manejo do diabetes mellitus e suas complicações
Authors: Lima Maria Clara Pessoa de , Barbosa Jessica Maiara Pereira , Andrade Bruna Bezerra Pimentel , Santos Ellen Taynara , Veras Juliana Lourenço Araújo , Senna Sueli Moreno , Pinto Rogélia Herculano , Santos José Alex Alves dos , Martins René Duarte , Santos Ellen Cristina Barbosa dos
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica da área da saúde sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais (PM) no tratamento de pessoas com Diabetes mellitus (DM). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca realizada nas bases de dados: Periódicos da CAPES, Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), utilizando os descritores em saúde: Diabetes mellitus, Plantas medicinais, Terapias complementares. Após a busca e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade para inclusão na amostra previamente estabelecidos, 15 estudos foram selecionados. Resultados: Foram citadas 83 plantas medicinais utilizadas no tratamento do DM, das quais 48 possuíam efeitos para o tratamento do DM elucidados nos próprios estudos. Dentre os mecanismos de ação citados destaca-se: Inibição/ regulação da enzima α-glicosidase; inibição da glicose-6-fosfatase; inibição de α-glucosidase e α-amilase; melhora da resistência à insulina, aumento da sensibilidade à insulina; aumento da liberação de insulina; captação de glicose; proteção das células b pancreáticas e diminuição do estresse oxidativo. Considerações finais: Os mecanismos de ação das PM norteiam a prática assistencial no DM de forma segura e racional, já que, o uso indiscriminado das PM pode resultar em toxicidade e/ou agravamento da doença.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion for Urgent-Start Dialysis: Technique Description and Experience of a Single Center in Mexico City
Authors: Balderas-Juarez Joana , Salinas-Ramírez Mauricio Adrian , Hernández-Castillo Jose Luis , Moreno-Novales Rafael , Cortina-Marquez Rodolfo Antonio , Martínez-Sánchez Froylan David
Published: October 2024

Background

Urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a practical and useful form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The main methods used for PD catheter placement include open/laparoscopic surgery as well as percutaneous puncture using the Seldinger technique. Placing PD catheters using ultrasound-guided percutaneous techniques could reduce some complications associated with the blind technique. Hence, using the Argyle Dialysis Catheter Kit, we adapted a technique for ultrasound-guided percutaneous placement of PD catheters. This study aims to describe our technique and outcomes in urgent-start PD.

Materials and Methods

Data were collected retrospectively on all patients who underwent PD catheter insertion by a nephrologist in urgent-start PD. All catheters were evaluated for complications from insertion until discharge from the hospital.

Results

This technique was performed in 74 patients with urgent-start RRT. The mean age of the subjects was 54.2 ± 14.6 years, and 40.5% were women. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.4 ± 5 kg/m2, and 23% of the patients had a BMI of > 30 kg/m2. A history of abdominal surgery was noted in 23%. No patient experienced tunnel infection or bowel perforation. Patients experienced transient PD dysfunction (21.6%), catheter migration (20.3%), leakage (8.1%), and peritonitis (13.5%). All complications were resolved before discharge.

Conclusion

Our adapted ultrasound-guided PD catheter placement technique with a prespecified kit was demonstrated to be safe and useful in patients with increased adiposity and/or a history of previous abdominal surgery. This procedure could reduce in-hospital costs for patients with end-stage kidney disease.
PMMA Hemofilter in Patients with Sepsis/Septic Shock Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in Comparison with Conventional Dialysis
Authors: Ambekar Santosh Kumar , Vemuri Srivalli Purnima , Suresh I.
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to sepsis is associated with a high mortality rate. Exaggerated inflammatory response plays a major role in sepsis and is also associated with poor prognosis. Efficient removal of cytokines can improve the outcomes of these patients. Continuous hemofiltration can modulate systemic and tissue immune activation. We define the impact of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hemofilter in comparison with conventional dialysis in patients with sepsis.

Materials and Methods

It is an observational retrospective study of 32 patients with sepsis/septic shock from January 2020 to August 2023. Subjects were divided into Group A (PMMA hemofilter–HEMOFEELTM) and Group B (regular dialysis filter), with 16 subjects in each group. The standard treatment guidelines were followed. The parameters such as vasopressor requirement, SOFA scores, and serial measurements of IL-6, CRP, and procalcitonin were assessed.

Results

Group A subjects showed statistically significant improvement in systolic (p <0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002) and a reduction in the mean SOFA score (p<0.001) after treatment. Interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and CRP showed statistically significant reduction (p<0.001) post-treatment in Group A. The PMMA hemofilter led to an increase in SBP and DBP, reduction in CRP, procalcitonin and lactate, drop in inotropes use, as well as lower mortality.

Conclusion

The use of cytokine adsorption technique using the PMMA hemofilter decreased vasopressor requirements, SOFA score, and showed reduction in inflammatory markers. Large-scale randomized controlled studies are needed to assess the clinical efficacy of these filters.
Fusion Radioactive Waste Management Considerations
Authors:   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shpinkov V. I. , Alexandrova T. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kizub P. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Radioactive waste is generated from the operation of fusion facilities. Although no high-level waste is generated by them, in terms of its amounts and activity, the resulting waste inventory is yet enough to consider it a limiting factor for the public acceptance and sustainable development of fusion industry. The paper discusses fusion radioactive waste considering their generation sources, features and possible waste management options. It shows that some waste types would require advanced waste management approaches. Special consideration is given to the waste of the international fusion reactor ITER. Activation calculation performed to assess the radioactive waste generation for the Russian tokamak TRT unit showed that the first wall and the vacuum vessel materials would be activated to a level sufficient to treat them as radioactive waste. Advance planning of radioactive waste management flowcharts would optimize the costs and dose loads at the operational and decommissioning stages.
Final Deep RW Disposal Facility: Petrography of the Site
Authors:   А. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Martynov K. V. , Nekrasov A. N. ,   D. S. Korzhinsky Institute of Experimental Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Scanning electron microscopy with electron probe microanalysis has been used to study the main rock varieties of the Yeniseisky site (Krasnoyarsk Territory), where construction of an underground research laboratory has begun, as the first stage of the construction of a deep geological repository for radioactive waste. The petrographic typology of the studied rock samples is justified by their textural and structural characteristics, the main parageneses and the composition of rock-forming minerals, which are determined by the genesis of rocks. The results obtained can be used to substantiate the safety of the radioactive waste disposal facility to clarify the geological and structural models of the rock mass and the physicochemical conditions for the spread of radiation pollution as a result of the mobilization and transfer of radionuclides with pore-fractured groundwater.
Einheitlicher Europäischer Leitfaden für die Innendämmung von Bestandsbauten und Baudenkmälern : Fassadensanierung und Innendämmung
Authors:   Technische Universität Dresden, Ruisinger Ulrich , Sonntag Heike ,   Technische Universität Dresden, Conrad Christian ,   Technische Universität Dresden, DeMets Timo ,   Buildwise, Vanhellemont Yves ,   Buildwise, Schöner Tobias ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik (IBP) Holzkirchen, Zirkelbach Daniel ,   Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik (IBP) Holzkirchen
Published: October 2024

Der Verbrauch von Heizenergie in Bestandsgebäuden stellt einen großen Anteil am gesamten nationalen Energieverbrauch dar und trägt deshalb maßgeblich zur Produktion von klimaschädlichem CO2 bei. Um den Klimawandel aufzuhalten und einen substanziellen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu leisten, muss deshalb der Heizenergieverbrauch dringend reduziert werden. Dies geschieht am effektivsten durch den Erhalt und die energetische Sanierung von ungedämmten Gebäuden. Wärmedämmung ist und bleibt eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen zur Senkung des Energiebedarfs im Gebäudebereich. Dabei gewinnt die Innendämmung in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung. Dies liegt daran, dass ein nennenswerter Teil des Gebäudebestands, der leicht von außen gedämmt werden kann, bereits saniert ist. Der Anteil der verbleibenden Gebäude, bei denen aus verschiedenen Gründen nur eine Innendämmung möglich oder auch vorteilhafter ist, wird im Gegenzug immer größer. Die Fläche der Außenwände nimmt beim Gesamtgebäude und damit beim energetischen Optimierungspotenzial einen großen Anteil ein. Um einen optimalen Sanierungserfolg zu erzielen, erfolgt die Konzepterstellung auf Grundlage des vorgefundenen Zustandes des Bestandsgebäudes.
Современный взгляд на микробиом мочевыводящих путей
Authors: Евдокимова Н.В. , Черненькая Т.В.
Published: October 2024

В обзоре представлены последние данные о микробиоме мочевыводящих путей (МВП). Наличие резидентного микробиома МВП стало неожиданным открытием последних лет. Было обнаружено, что среди постоянных обитателей МВП преобладают медленно растущие трудно культивируемые виды, в том числе анаэробные бактерии. В связи с этим назрела насущная необходимость в пересмотре ряда аспектов общепринятых схем диагностики, картины патогенеза, терапевтических подходов в лечении инфекций мочевыводящих путей, ранее опиравшихся на представление о стерильности МВП. Разрабатывается концепция «здорового микробиома» МВП. Получила очередное подтверждение необходимость сопоставления микробиологических находок с клинической картиной заболеваний. Показано, что изменения в микробном сообществе кишечника напрямую влияют на микрофлору МВП. Поэтому одним из перспективных подходов терапии хронических инфекций мочевыводящих путей является создание сложных многокомпонентных синбиотиков, содержащих нормальных обитателей кишечного тракта и необходимые для их роста субстраты. Уже сейчас при комплексном лечении хронических инфекций мочевыводящих путей используют пробиотики, фекальную трансплантацию и специальные диеты. Лавинообразный рост числа работ по изучению микробиомов человека позволяет ожидать значительный прогресс в области практического применения результатов этих исследований в ближайшее время.

This review presents current reports on the urinary tract microbiome (UTM). Finding of a resident UTM has become an unexpected discovery in recent years. It was found that slow-growing, fastidious or nutritionally demanding species, including anaerobic bacteria, predominated among the UTM inhabitants. Thus, a vital need emerged to revise some aspects of generally accepted diagnostic schemes, the pathogenesis and approaches to the treatment of urinary tract infections, which had previously based on the idea of urinary tract sterility. The concept of a «healthy UTM» is being developed. The need to compare microbiological findings with clinical signs was confirmed again. Changes in the intestinal microbial community directly affect the urinary tract microflora. Therefore, one of the promising approaches to the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections is the creation of complex multicomponent synbiotics, that include normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract, and the substrates necessary for their growth. Already now, probiotics, fecal transplantation, and special diets are used in the complex treatment of chronic urinary tract infections. The avalanche-like growth in the number of human microbiome studies allows us to expect a significant progress in their practical application in the near future.