bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimenting with Law: Brecht on Copyright
Authors: Bellido Jose
Published: January 2020

Can one reject copyright law and be a qualified observer of its dispositives? This question was taken up by Bertolt Brecht in an intriguing essay concerning the litigation surrounding the film adaptation ofThe Threepenny Opera(1928). Brecht here develops an experimental observation around the nature of film adaptation and cultural production in copyright. While an experimental approach to law was in itself a subversive gesture, the specific legal process enabled him to expose the paradoxical ways in which the copyright system worked.
The evolution of data science and big data research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Raban Daphne R. , Gordon Avishag
Published: January 2020

In this study the evolution of Big Data (BD) and Data Science (DS) literatures and the relationship between the two are analyzed by bibliometric indicators that help establish the course taken by publications on these research areas before and after forming concepts. We observe a surge in BD publications along a gradual increase in DS publications. Interestingly, a new publications course emerges combining the BD and DS concepts. We evaluate the three literature streams using various bibliometric indicators including research areas and their origin, central journals, the countries producing and funding research and startup organizations, citation dynamics, dispersion and author commitment. We find that BD and DS have differing academic origin and different leading publications. Of the two terms, BD is more salient, possibly catalyzed by the strong acceptance of the pre-coordinated term by the research community, intensive citation activity, and also, we observe, by generous funding from Chinese sources. Overall, DS literature serves as a theory-base for BD publications.
On the average number of cyclic subgroups of the groups $${\mathbb {Z}}_{n_1} \times {\mathbb {Z}}_{n_2}\times {\mathbb {Z}}_{n_3}$$ with $$n_1,n_2,n_3\le x$$
Authors: Tóth László , Zhai Wenguang
Published: January 2020

Let $${{\mathbb {Z}}}_{n}$$Zn be the additive group of residue classes modulo n. Let $$c(n_1,n_2,n_3)$$c(n1,n2,n3) denote the number of cyclic subgroups of the group $${{\mathbb {Z}}}_{n_1}\times {{\mathbb {Z}}}_{n_2}\times {{\mathbb {Z}}}_{n_3}$$Zn1×Zn2×Zn3, where $$n_1, n_2$$n1,n2 and $$n_3$$n3 are arbitrary positive integers. In this paper we obtain an asymptotic formula for the sum $$\sum _{n_1,n_2,n_3\le _x} c(n_1,n_2,n_3).$$∑n1,n2,n3≤xc(n1,n2,n3).
Online reactions to the 2017 ‘Unite the right’ rally in Charlottesville: measuring polarization in Twitter networks using media followership
Authors: Tien Joseph H. , Eisenberg Marisa C. , Cherng Sarah T. , Porter Mason A.
Published: January 2020

Network analysis of social media provides an important new lens on politics, communication, and their interactions. This lens is particularly prominent in fast-moving events, such as conversations and action in political rallies and the use of social media by extremist groups to spread their message. We study the Twitter conversation following the August 2017 ‘Unite the Right’ rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA using tools from network analysis and data science. We use media followership on Twitter and principal component analysis (PCA) to compute a ‘Left’/‘Right’ media score on a one-dimensional axis to characterize Twitter accounts. We then use these scores, in concert with retweet relationships, to examine the structure of a retweet network of approximately 300,000 accounts that communicated with the #Charlottesville hashtag. The retweet network is sharply polarized, with an assortativity coefficient of 0.8 with respect to the sign of the media PCA score. Community detection using two approaches, a Louvain method and InfoMap, yields communities that tend to be homogeneous in terms of Left/Right node composition. We also examine centrality measures and find that hyperlink-induced topic search (HITS) identifies many more hubs on the Left than on the Right. When comparing tweet content, we find that tweets about ‘Trump’ were widespread in both the Left and Right, although the accompanying language (i.e., critical on the Left, but supportive on the Right) was unsurprisingly different. Nodes with large degrees in communities on the Left include accounts that are associated with disparate areas, including activism, business, arts and entertainment, media, and politics. By contrast, support of Donald Trump was a common thread among the Right communities, connecting communities with accounts that reference white-supremacist hate symbols, communities with influential personalities in the alt-right, and the largest Right community (which includes the Twitter account ).
High-efficiency 50 W burst-mode hundred picosecond green laser
Authors: Ma Ning , Chen Meng , Yang Ce , Lu Shang , Zhang Xie , Du Xinbiao
Published: January 2020

We report high-energy, high-efficiency second harmonic generation in a near-infrared all-solid-state burst-mode picosecond laser at a repetition rate of 1 kHz with four pulses per burst using a type-I noncritical phase-matching lithium triborate crystal. The pulses in each burst have the same time delay (

${\sim}1~\text{ns}$

), the same pulse duration (

${\sim}100~\text{ps}$

) and different relative amplitudes that can be adjusted separately. A mode-locked beam from a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is pulse-stretched, split into seed pulses and injected into a Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier. After the beam is reshaped by aspheric lenses, a two-stage master oscillator power amplifier and 4f imaging systems are applied to obtain a high power of

${\sim}100~\text{W}$

. The 532 nm green laser has a maximum conversion efficiency of 68%, an average power of up to 50 W and a beam quality factor

$M^{2}$

of 3.5.
Bioaerosols generated from toilet flushing in rooms of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Wilson Geneva M. , Jackson Virgil B. , Boyken Linda D. , Schweizer Marin L. , Diekema Daniel J. , Petersen Christine A. , Breheny Patrick J. , Nonnenmann Matthew W. , Perencevich Eli N. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenter Program
Published: January 2020

Background:

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most frequently reported hospital-acquired infection in the United States. Bioaerosols generated during toilet flushing are a possible mechanism for the spread of this pathogen in clinical settings.

Objective:

To measure the bioaerosol concentration from toilets of patients with CDI before and after flushing.

Design:

In this pilot study, bioaerosols were collected 0.15 m, 0.5 m, and 1.0 m from the rims of the toilets in the bathrooms of hospitalized patients with CDI. Inhibitory, selective media were used to detect C. difficile and other facultative anaerobes. Room air was collected continuously for 20 minutes with a bioaerosol sampler before and after toilet flushing. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess the difference in bioaerosol production before and after flushing.

Setting:

Rooms of patients with CDI at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

Results:

Bacteria were positively cultured from 8 of 24 rooms (33%). In total, 72 preflush and 72 postflush samples were collected; 9 of the preflush samples (13%) and 19 of the postflush samples (26%) were culture positive for healthcare-associated bacteria. The predominant species cultured were Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and C. difficile. Compared to the preflush samples, the postflush samples showed significant increases in the concentrations of the 2 large particle-size categories: 5.0 µm (P = .0095) and 10.0 µm (P = .0082).

Conclusions:

Bioaerosols produced by toilet flushing potentially contribute to hospital environmental contamination. Prevention measures (eg, toilet lids) should be evaluated as interventions to prevent toilet-associated environmental contamination in clinical settings.
The subjective perception of the association between psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior among young adults
Authors: Lehmann M. , Nam B. , Hilimire M. , DeVylder J. E.
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Psychotic experiences such as hallucinations and delusions are reported by approximately 7.2% of the general population, even in the absence of a psychotic disorder. Individuals who report such psychotic experiences are significantly more likely to endorse suicidal ideation and behavior across several large epidemiological samples. This study aimed to determine whether individuals who reported psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior would subjectively endorse a causal relationship between these two clinical phenomena.

Methods

Five open-ended questions were asked via online survey to 12 college students who had previously reported both hallucination-like experiences and suicidal behavior in a quantitative survey. Thematic analysis was used to analyze open-ended responses.

Results

The majority of respondents, n (%) = 11 (91.6), did not endorse a notable subjective relationship between psychosis and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. However, respondents did spontaneously report that stigma and fear may drive suicidal ideation among people who report psychotic experiences and other symptoms of psychological distress.

Conclusions

These findings are generally inconsistent with the hypothesis that psychotic experiences are directly related to suicidal behavior, and are consistent with the alternative hypothesis that both psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior are indicators of common underlying factors such as general psychological distress, potentially exacerbated by stigma.
The Cultural Sources of the Gender Gap in Voter Turnout
Authors: Dassonneville Ruth , Kostelka Filip
Published: January 2020

Recent publications argue that the traditional gender gap in voting has decreased or reversed in many democracies. However, this decrease may apply only to some types of elections. Building on prior studies, this article hypothesizes that although women participate at the same or higher rates than men in national elections, they participate less in supranational elections. The authors investigate this possibility empirically by analyzing the evolution of the gender gap in voter turnout in elections to the European Parliament (EP). The article makes three important contributions. First, it shows the presence and stability of the traditional gender gap in EP elections. Secondly, it finds that gender differences in political interest are the main source of this gender gap. Thirdly, these gender differences in political interest are, in turn, context dependent. They are strongly associated with cultural gender differences, which are captured through differences in boys’ and girls’ maths scores.
‘True and Pious Men’: Anglican Ministry to Chinese Settlers in Southern Queensland, 1850–1914
Authors: LE COUTEUR HOWARD
Published: January 2020

Chinese men began emigrating to the Australian colonies from the 1840s onward. Past historiography has been sceptical of the impact of Christianity on these Chinese immigrants. This paper revisits this theme, placing it in the wider context of mission to Chinese immigrants in other anglophone countries. It documents the ministry of the Anglican Church among Chinese settlers in colonial Queensland, and especially the role that Chinese converts played in the evangelisation of their fellow countrymen. It provides a new perspective on the ways in which the Chinese embraced Christianity, and their contribution to the evangelisation of their countrymen.
Psychosocial Influences on Patient Presentations: Considerations for Research and Evaluation at Mass-Gathering Events
Authors: Hutton Alison , Ranse Jamie , Gray Katherine Lena , Turris Sheila , Lund Adam , Munn Matthew Brendan
Published: January 2020

Aim:

This review discusses the need for consistency in mass-gathering research and evaluation from a psychosocial perspective.

Background:

Mass gatherings occur frequently throughout the world. Having an understanding of the complexities of mass gatherings is important to determine required health resources. Factors within the environmental, psychosocial, and biomedical domains influence the usage of health services at mass gatherings. A standardized approach to data collection is important to identify a consistent reporting standard for the psychosocial domain.

Method:

This research used an integrative literature review design. Manuscripts were collected using keyword searches from databases and journal content pages from 2003 through 2018. Data were analyzed and categorized using the existing minimum data set as a framework.

Results:

In total, 31 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. The main variables identified were use of alcohol or drugs, crowd behavior, crowd mood, rationale, and length of stay.

Conclusion:

Upon interrogating the literature, the authors have determined that the variables fall under the categories of alcohol or drugs; maladaptive and adaptive behaviors; crowd behavior, crowd culture, and crowd mood; reason for attending event (motivation); duration; and crowd demographics. In collecting psychosocial data from mass gatherings, an agreed-upon set of variables that can be used to collect de-identified psychosocial variables for the purpose of making comparisons across societies for mass-gathering events (MGEs) would be invaluable to researchers and event clinicians.
Alive and Kicking: Reflections on the Evolving Role of Subject Support Librarians at UWE Bristol
Authors: Shreeve Sue , Hamley Julie
Published: January 2020

In this article Sue Shreeve and Julie Hamley give an overview of how the subject support librarian role at UWE Bristol has evolved over the last five years, broadening from subject information specialist to encompass academic skills support and English language/communication skills support. They outline how they have implemented this change in role profile by evolving the skills set of the subject librarians and share some of the student online learning materials that have been created during this evolution in role.
Farming system effects on biologically mediated plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Menalled Uriel D. , Seipel Tim , Menalled Fabian D.
Published: January 2020

Cropping system characteristics such as tillage intensity, crop identity, crop-livestock integration and the application of off-farm synthetic inputs influence weed abundance, plant community composition and crop-weed competition. The resulting plant community, in turn, has species-specific effects on soil microbial communities which can impact the growth and competitive ability of subsequent plants, completing a plant–soil feedback (PSF) loop. Farming systems that minimize the negative impacts of PSFs on subsequent crop growth can increase the sustainability of the farming enterprise. This study sought to assess the individual and combined impact of the cropping system (certified organic-grazed, certified organic till and conventional no-till) and crop sequence [pairwise rotations with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)] on the PSF magnitude and direction. All cropping systems followed the same 5-year rotation and had completed one full rotation before soil was sampled. In a greenhouse setting, a sterile soil mix was inoculated with field soil collected from all systems and three crops. The PSF study consisted of two stages (conditioning and response phases) that mimicked the rotation stages occurring in the field. PSFs were calculated by comparing the biomass of the response phase plants grown in inoculated and uninoculated soils. The farm management system affected PSFs, inferring that tillage reduction can encourage more positive PSFs. Crop sequence did not affect PSF but interacted strongly with the farm system. As such, the effects of the farming system on PSFs are best illustrated when taken into account with the identity of the previous and current crops of a cropping sequence.
Short-term ubiquinol-10 supplementation alleviates tissue damage in	muscle and fatigue caused by strenuous exercise in male distance	runners
Authors: Suzuki Yoshio , Nagato Shunsuke , Sakuraba Keishoku , Morio Katsuya , Sawaki Keisuke
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the electron transporter in oxidative phosphorylation and an endogenous antioxidant. Recent researches have indicated that doses of 200–300 mg/day are needed to recognize effects to prevent oxidative damage in athletes, and the reduced form of CoQ10, ubiquinol-10, is more bioavailable than its oxidized form. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher doses of ubiquinol-10 could elevate plasma CoQ10 levels rapidly and exert physiological benefits in athletes. Therefore, a placebo controlled, double blinded test was carried out to determine the effects of ubiquinol-10 on the extravasate enzymes and fatigue levels of distance runners. Methods: Sixteen male collegiate distance runners were allocated to two groups receiving 300 mg/day of ubiquinol-10 (19.8 ± 1.7 years) or a placebo (20.1 ± 1.6 years) for 12 days during summer training that comprised 25- and 40-km runs on days 7 and 9, respectively. Results: Ubiquinol-10 elevated plasma CoQ10 concentration to 5.62 μg/mL and significantly decreased activities of the serum extravasate enzymes, CK, ALT, LDH (P < 0.01), and AST (P < 0.05) on day 6. Subjective fatigue status was significantly elevated on day 10 (the day after the 45-km run) in the placebo group (P < 0.001), but did not significantly change in the group given ubiquinol-10. Therefore, ubiquinol-10 could mitigate tissue damage and alleviate fatigue status in distance runners during summer training. Conclusions: Ubiquinol-10 (300 mg/day) supplementation elevated plasma CoQ10 concentrations almost to plateau levels, decreased extravasate enzymes within six days, and suppressed the subjective fatigue in male distance runners.
Anisotropy of Full and Partial Anhysteretic Remanence Across Different Rock Types: 1—Are Partial Anhysteretic Remanence Anisotropy Tensors Additive?
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R. , Jackson Mike , Stillinger Michele D. , Bilardello Dario , Feinberg Joshua M.
Published: January 2020

Several types or grain sizes of ferromagnetic minerals can contribute to a rock's remanence and anisotropy of remanence. Each subpopulation may have a different fabric. Measuring anisotropy of partial anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ApARM) allows one to determine the anisotropy contribution of subpopulations with different coercivity distributions. Separating these contributions to remanence anisotropy can provide information about early versus late stages of deformation in fabric studies and is the basis for improved anisotropy corrections in paleomagnetic studies. Unfortunately, collecting multiple ApARM tensors on each specimen is time‐consuming and not often done. Measuring a smaller number of carefully chosen ApARM tensors and obtaining the remaining tensors of interest by tensor calculation would be more efficient. This can only be done, however, when ApARM tensors are additive. Here we investigate the additivity of ApARM tensors in a range of lithologies, by measuring a total of seven ApARM and anisotropy of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (AARM) tensors for each specimen, and comparing the tensors calculated from a combination of ApARM tensors to the corresponding measured AARM. Differences in principal directions between measured and calculated tensors are often smaller than the confidence angles of the measurements. Mean anhysteretic remanences are additive to within ±5%. The anisotropy degree varies by ±30% (k′) or ±0.15 (P), and the shape parameter U by ±0.4. These error limits will help to determine whether or not it is necessary to measure each ApARM tensor in future fabric or paleomagnetic studies, or if these tensors can be calculated from a smaller set of measurements.
Radiometric Stability of the SABER Instrument
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Daniels Taumi , Hunt Linda A. , Yue Jia , Marshall B. Thomas , Russell James M. , Remsberg Ellis E. , Tansock Joseph , Esplin Roy , Jensen Mark , Shumway Andrew , Gordley Larry , Yee J.‐H.
Published: January 2020

The SABER instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite continues to provide a long‐term record of Earth's stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere. The SABER data are being used to examine long‐term changes and trends in temperature, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. A tacit, central assumption of these analyses is that the SABER instrument radiometric calibration is not changing with time; that is, the instrument is stable. SABER stratospheric temperatures and those derived from Global Positioning System Radio Occultation measurements are compared to examine SABER's stability. Global Positioning System Radio Occultation measurements are inherently stable due to the accuracy and traceability of the measured phase delay rate to the Système Internationale definition of the second. Differences in global annual mean SABER and COSMIC lower stratospheric temperatures show little significant change with time in the 11 years spanning 2007–2017. From this analysis we infer that SABER temperatures are stable to better than 0.1 to 0.2 K per decade.
The Environmental Footprint of Transport by Car Using Renewable Energy
Authors: Holmatov Bunyod , Hoekstra Arjen Y.
Published: January 2020

Replacing fossil fuels in the transport sector by renewable energy will help combat climate change. However, lowering greenhouse gas emissions by switching to alternative fuels or electricity can come at the expense of land and water resources. To understand the scale of this possible trade‐off, we compare and contrast carbon, land, and water footprints per driven km in midsize cars utilizing conventional gasoline, biofuels, bioelectricity, solar electricity, and solar‐based hydrogen. Results show that solar‐powered electric cars have the smallest environmental footprints per km, followed by solar‐based hydrogen cars, and that biofuel‐driven cars have the largest footprints.
Assessing the Impact of Initialization on Decadal Prediction Skill
Authors: Sospedra‐Alfonso Reinel , Boer George J.
Published: January 2020

An alternative approach to evaluating the correlation skill of near‐term climate predictions is proposed. The approach separately quantifies the skill of the initialized and uninitialized components of the forecast and their contributions to overall correlation skill. The initialized component consists of the predictable part of the internally generated natural variability and that part of the externally forced component affected by initialization. The methodology is applied to results from the latest Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis' decadal prediction system. The initialized component of annual mean temperature forecasts exhibits regional skill over ocean and land. The contribution to overall skill is modest at longer ranges and for multiyear temperature averages, partly because of the strong temperature response to external forcing. Larger ensembles increase the percentage of global area with predictable variance due to initialization and the contribution to overall skill from the initialized component of the forecast.
C1GALT1 is associated with poor survival and promotes soluble Ephrin A1-mediated cell migration through activation of EPHA2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Po-Chu , Chen Syue-Ting , Kuo Ting-Chun , Lin Tzu-Chi , Lin Mei-Chun , Huang John , Hung Ji-Shiang , Hsu Chia-Lang , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Lee Po-Huang , Huang Min-Chuan
Published: January 2020

C1GALT1 controls the crucial step of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and is associated with both physiologic and pathologic conditions, including cancers. EPH receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and modulate a diverse range of developmental processes and human diseases. However, the role of C1GALT1 in the signaling of EPH receptors remains largely overlooked. Here, we showed that C1GALT1 high expression in gastric adenocarcinomas correlated with adverse clinicopathologic features and is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Silencing or loss of C1GALT1 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, as well as increased apoptosis and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in AGS and MKN45 cells. Phospho-RTK array and western blot analysis showed that C1GALT1 depletion suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of EPHA2 induced by soluble Ephrin A1-Fc. O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Furthermore, depletion of C1GALT1 decreased Ephrin A1-Fc induced migration and reduced Ephrin A1 binding to cell surfaces. The effects of C1GALT1 knockdown or knockout on cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo were phenocopied by EPHA2 knockdown in gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that C1GALT1 promotes phosphorylation of EPHA2 and enhances soluble Ephrin A1-mediated migration primarily by modifying EPHA2 O-glycosylation. Our study highlights the importance of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation in EPH receptor-regulated diseases and identifies C1GALT1 as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Nicotine exposure potentiates lung tumorigenesis by perturbing cellular surveillance
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ganapathy Suthakar , Avraham Hava , Nishioka Takashi , Chen Changyan
Published: January 2020

Background

Nicotine is a major tobacco component and found at circulating concentrations in smokers’ bloodstreams. Although considered a non-carcinogenic substance, nicotine rapidly defuses to tissues after being inhaled, inviting effects on cellular physiology, particularly in the lung. Widespread increased use of nicotine-based e-cigarettes, especially in younger adults, creates an urgent need for improved understanding of nicotine’s potential to impact human health.

Methods

Biological and biochemistry methods were used to interrogate the potential for nicotine to weaken the genetic integrity of murine and human-lung epithelial cells.

Results

We demonstrate that nicotine potentiates the growth of the lung epithelial cells in a dose–response fashion. Nicotine elicits an acute increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which persists at moderately high levels throughout the duration of nicotine exposure. The aberrant increases in ROS appear to induce ER stress and UPR activation, as reflected by BIP upregulation and PERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, prolonged nicotine exposure interferes with p53 function triggered by sodium arsenite. Unless p53 is suppressed, persistent nicotine exposure does not induce colony formation by lung epithelial cells in soft agar.

Conclusion

The data suggest that nicotine treatment, by perturbing intracellular redox state and altering p53 function, can create a pro-tumorigenic environment in lung epithelium. The results suggest caution in using nicotine replacement therapies and e-cigarettes.
Predictive factors of 5-year relapse-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy: pooled analysis of two phase 2 trials
Authors: Lerebours Florence , Pulido Marina , Fourme Emmanuelle , Debled Marc , Becette Véronique , Bonnefoi Hervé , Rivera Sofia , MacGrogan Gaetan , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , de Lara Christine Tunon , Pierga Jean-Yves , Breton-Callu Christel , Venat-Bouvet Laurence , Mathoulin-Pélissier Simone , de la Motte rouge Thibault , Dalenc Florence , Sigal Brigitte , Bachelot Thomas , Lemonnier Jérôme , Quenel-Tueux Nathalie
Published: January 2020

Background

Few data are available on survival and predictive factors in early breast cancer (BC) patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET).

Methods

This is a pooled analysis of two multicentre, randomised non-comparative phase 2 clinical trials evaluating neoadjuvant anastrozole and fulvestrant efficacy for postmenopausal HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients: HORGEN (NCT00871858) and CARMINA02 (NCT00629616) studies.

Results

In total, 236 patients were included in CARMINA02 and HORGEN trials. Modified intention-to-treat analysis was available for 217 patients. Median follow-up was 65.2 months. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 83.7% (95% CI: 77.9–88) and 92.7% (95% CI: 88.2–95.6), respectively, with no difference between treatment arms. On univariate analysis, tumour staging (T2 vs T3–4; p = 0.0001), Ki-67 at surgery (≤10% vs >10%; p = 0.0093), pathological tumour size (pT1–2 vs pT3–4; p = 0.0012) and node status (pN negative vs positive; p = 0.007), adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0167) and PEPI score (PEPI group I + II vs III; p = 0.0004) were associated with RFS. No events were observed in patients with pathological response according to the Sataloff classification. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI) group III was associated with significantly worse RFS (p = 0.0069, hazard ratio = 3.33 (95% CI: 1.39–7.98)).

Conclusions

Postmenopausal HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients receiving NET generally have a favourable outcome. The PEPI score identifies a subset of patients of poorer prognosis who are candidates for further additional treatment.
DNA methylation markers predict recurrence-free interval in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fackler Mary Jo , Cho Soonweng , Cope Leslie , Gabrielson Edward , Visvanathan Kala , Wilsbach Kathleen , Meir-Levi Danielle , Lynch Charles F. , Marks Jeffrey , Geradts Joseph , Regan Meredith M. , Viale Giuseppe , Wolff Antonio C. , Sukumar Saraswati , Umbricht Christopher B.
Published: January 2020

We lack tools to risk-stratify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our goal was to develop molecular tools to predict disease recurrence. Methylation array analysis was performed on 110 samples treated by locoregional therapy obtained from institutional cohorts. Discovered marker sets were then tested by Kaplan−Meier analyses in a prospectively collected TNBC cohort of 49 samples from the no-chemotherapy arms of IBCSG trials VIII and IX, and by logistic regression in a chemotherapy-treated cohort of 121 TNBCs from combined IBCSG trials and institutional repositories. High methylation was associated with shorter recurrence-free interval in the no-chemotherapy arm of the IBCSG studies, as well as in the chemotherapy-treated patients within the combined institutional and IBCSG chemotherapy cohorts (100 marker panel, p = 0.002; 30 marker panel, p = 0.05). Chromosome 19 sites were enriched among these loci. In conclusion, our hypermethylation signatures identify increased recurrence risk independent of whether patients receive chemotherapy.
Risk factors influencing contamination of customized cosmetics made on-the-spot: Evidence from the national pilot project for public health
Authors: Kim Hye Won , Seok Yae Sle , Cho Tae Jin , Rhee Min Suk
Published: January 2020

Customized cosmetics made by consumers or sellers on-the-spot have several safety issues, and therefore require a preventative approach to their safety management. The present study aimed to identify potential factors affecting the safety of customized cosmetics made on-the-spot. Heavy metals and microbial contaminants in customized cosmetics were analyzed in 120 samples. It was revealed that the transfer of cosmetics to new containers during the production process is a significant risk factor for cross-contamination and that heat treatment is crucial for reducing the number of microorganisms in the products. For instance, cosmetics made with heat and with no transfer showed relatively low microbial counts ranging from not detected to 440 CFU/ml. The high pH (>pH 10) of samples did not guarantee the microbial safety of the freshly made cosmetics (with a rinse-off product having 2,830 CFU/ml and a pH of 11.2). There was no significant difference in microbial counts among cosmetic types (P > 0.05); however, semisolid types, especially creams and rinse-off products, were susceptible to contamination (maximum 2,710 and 2,830 CFU/ml, respectively). Most microorganisms in the customized cosmetics (40.8%) decreased to non-detectable levels during 60 days of storage. None of the samples harbored heavy metals. Sequencing analysis of isolates revealed some bacteria and mold that could cause human infections. The results of this study suggest that the regulation of customized cosmetics should consider the risk factors revealed in this study, as the products made on-the-spot are also final products sent directly to consumers.
Author Correction: Nucleation dynamics of single crystal WS2 from droplet precursors uncovered by in-situ monitoring
Authors: Li Chao , Kameyama Tomoya , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Kaneko Toshiro , Kato Toshiaki
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Comparison of Cartilage Mechanical Properties Measured During Creep and Recovery
Authors: Cutcliffe Hattie C. , DeFrate Louis E.
Published: January 2020

The diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) currently depends on the presence of pain and radiographic imaging findings, which generally do not present until later stages of the disease when the condition is difficult to treat. Therefore, earlier detection of OA pathology is needed for improved disease management.Ex vivocartilage studies indicate that changes in the mechanical function of cartilage occur as degeneration progresses during OA. Thus, measurement of thein vivocartilage mechanical response may serve as an earlier indicator of OA pathology. Though mechanical characterization is classically performed during loading, the unloading (recovery) response of cartilage may also enable determination of mechanical response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the use of the recovery response for mechanical characterization of cartilage in a controlled,ex vivoenvironment. To do so, confined compression creep and recovery tests were conducted on cartilage explants (N = 10), and the resulting mechanical properties from both the creep and recovery phases were compared. No statistically significant differences were found in the mechanical properties between the two phases, reinforcing the hypothesis that unloading (recovery) may be a good surrogate for loading.
Green leaves and seeds alcoholic extract controls Sporobulus indicus germination in laboratory conditions
Authors: Macêdo Jean Flaviel de Sousa , Ribeiro Lylian Souto , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Alves Edna Ursulino , de Andrade Alberício Pereira , Lopes Kilson Pinheiro , da Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra , Zanuncio José Cola , Ribeiro Wellington Souto
Published: January 2020

High seed production makesSporobolus indicusvar.pyramidalisa difficult to control invasive grassland plant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the bioactivity ofCyperus rotundus,Phyllanthus tenellusandRicinus communisgreen leaf extracts and ofCarica papayaseeds onS. indicusgermination without breaking dormancy, simulating the field conditions. The ethanolic extract bioactivity ofC. rotundus,P. tenellus,R. communisgreen leaves andC. papayaseeds, at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% inS. indicusgermination was evaluated. Carotenoids, flavonoids, soluble phenolic compounds and total tannins were quantified in the extracts. The chemical component concentrations varied between alcoholic extracts. TheP. tenellusextracts at all dilutions and those ofR. communis andC. papayaat 75% completely suppressedS. indicusseed germination at five and ten days which can be attributed to their high tannin concentration, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
Extracting Forest Parameters based on Stand Automatic Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Gao Linghan , Gao Ting
Published: January 2020

Forest stand segmentation is a critical process for forest management and inventory. The forest stand segmentation accuracy will determine the forest stand level parameters quality. In this study, we developed an automatic forest stand segmentation algorithm based on ArboLiDAR, a software used to process Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. We then optimized the parameters for the algorithm to the Dayekou forest area on Qilian Mountain in China to find the most suitable parameters for automatic stand segmentation. Further, we extracting the forest parameters at the stand level based on Bysh method. Our results showed that the limited region growing method based on the gradient is the most suitable one for analyzing automatic stand segmentation in the studied area. Among our tested parameters groups, the fifth group contains the optimal parameters for the studied area. In addition, for forest parameters, the R2of mean height (H), average diameter at breast height (D), basal area (G), and Stand volume (V) is 0.744, 0.720, 0.562, 0.696, respectively. The RMSE value is 5.24%, 28.57%, 19.93%, and 17.66%, respectively. Our study serves as a technical basis and reference for future studies that perform more efficient analyses on forest resource inventory in China.
Practical application of short-term intensive insulin therapy based on the concept of “treat to target” to reduce hypoglycaemia in routine clinical site
Authors: Nakashima Koji , Okamura Nobuhiro , Sanefuji Hayato , Kaneto Hideaki
Published: January 2020

The aim is to devise a new short-term intensive insulin therapy (N-SIIT) based on the concept of “treat to target” to avoid hypoglycaemia and was applied it to various diabetic state. We determined dosage of 1 basal and 3 bolus “treat” insulin based on “target” blood glucose level and changed each insulin dose by small units (2 units) every day for 2 weeks. We evaluated the effects of N-SIIT in 74 subjects with type 2 diabetes (male 45, female 29, 64.9 ± 16.6 years old, HbA1c 10.4 ± 2.6%). Glargine U300 (“treat”) and morning blood glucose level (“target”) was significantly correlated with increasing insulin dose and decreasing blood glucose level in day 1–7, indicating that insulin amount was determined by target blood glucose level and lowered next target blood glucose level. Remission rates were 67.3% (Hypoglycaemia rate 5.6 %) in N-SIIT and 47.3% (Hypoglycaemia rate 38.1%) in conventional SIIT. Required amount of insulin would be automatically determined, depending on each patient pathophysiology and life style. This method is pretty simple, flexible and cheap, and provides information about the dynamic pathophysiological alteration of insulin resistance and glucotoxicity from the profile of blood glucose levels and insulin shot.
Bioadhesive supramolecular hydrogel from unprotected, short d,l-peptides with Phe-Phe and Leu-Asp-Val motifs
Authors: Cringoli Maria Cristina , Romano Chiara , Parisi Evelina , Waddington Lynne J. , Melchionna Michele , Semeraro Sabrina , De Zorzi Rita , Grönholm Mikaela , Marchesan Silvia
Published: January 2020

Minimalistic and uncapped d,l-peptides self-assemble into bioadhesive hydrogels that successfully mimic the extracellular matrix and lead to high cell viability.
Electro-deposition of nickel–iron nanoparticles on flower-like MnCo2O4 nanowires as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Lin Yu , Yang Zhi , Cao Duanlin , Gong Yaqiong
Published: January 2020

The obtained NiFe–MnCo2O4/NFF electrode exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance and extraordinary durability for the OER, HER, and overall water splitting.
Extended short-range order determines the overall structure of liquid gallium
Authors: Mokshin Anatolii V. , Khusnutdinoff Ramil M. , Galimzyanov Bulat N. , Brazhkin Vadim V.
Published: January 2020

Polyvalent metal melts (gallium, tin, bismuth, etc.) have microscopic structural features, which are detected by neutron and X-ray diffraction and which are absent in simple liquids.
Thermal properties of thermochemical heat storage materials
Authors: Bird Julianne E. , Humphries Terry D. , Paskevicius Mark , Poupin Lucas , Buckley Craig E.
Published: January 2020

The thermal transport properties of potential thermal energy storage materials have been measured using identical conditions enabling direct comparison.
H-Bonding-mediated binding and charge reorganization of proteins on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , García Isabel , Biedenweg Doreen , Toro-Mendoza Jhoan , Coluzza Ivan , Liz-Marzán Luis M. , Delcea Mihaela
Published: January 2020

Gold nanoparticles with various functionalities interact with the human serum albumin (HSA) leading to protein structural changes. HSA-nanoparticles bioconjugates display lower toxicity and slower cell uptake rates, compared to nanoparticles in the absence of protein.
Spontaneous propulsion of a water nanodroplet induced by a wettability gradient: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Mahmood Awais , Chen Shuai , Chen Lei , Chen Chaolang , Liu Dong , Weng Ding , Wang Jiadao
Published: January 2020

A water nanodroplet spontaneously moving on a solid surface having a continuous wettability gradient from a hydrophobic to hydrophilic region.
A novel water-resistant and thermally stable black lead halide perovskite, phenyl viologen lead iodide C22H18N2(PbI3)2
Authors: Latini Alessandro , Quaranta Simone , Menchini Francesca , Lisi Nicola , Di Girolamo Diego , Tarquini Ombretta , Colapietro Marcello , Barba Luisa , Demitri Nicola , Cassetta Alberto
Published: January 2020

A novel black, direct band gap (Eg = 1.32 eV), water and temperature stable hybrid lead halide perovskite was synthesized and characterized.
Biodegradation of graphene materials catalyzed by human eosinophil peroxidase
Authors: Kurapati Rajendra , Martìn Cristina , Palermo Vincenzo , Nishina Yuta , Bianco Alberto
Published: January 2020

The enzymatic activity of eosinophil peroxidase secreted by human immune cells leads to degradation of different sources of graphene oxide.
Successful development of a method for the incorporation of Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH in solid-phase peptide synthesis using N-butylpyrrolidinone (NBP) as solvent
Authors: de la Torre Beatriz G. , Kumar Ashish , Alhassan Mahama , Bucher Christoph , Albericio Fernando , Lopez John
Published: January 2020

NBP has proved an excellent alternative solvent to the hazardous DMF for SPPS.
A “sample-in-multiplex-digital-answer-out” chip for fast detection of pathogens
Authors: Yin Juxin , Zou Zheyu , Hu Zhenming , Zhang Shan , Zhang Fengping , Wang Ben , Lv Shaowu , Mu Ying
Published: January 2020

An integrated multiplex dRPA chip for rapid and accurate detection of foodborne bacteria.
Simultaneous formation of non-oxidovanadium(iv) and oxidovanadium(v) complexes incorporating phenol-based hydrazone ligands in aerobic conditions
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Bera Sachinath , Sepay Nayim , Pal Amrita , Halder Tanmoy , Ray Sudipta , Acharyya Swarnali , Biswas Anup Kumar , Drew Michael G. B. , Ghosh Tapas
Published: January 2020

A family of non-oxidovanadium(iv) complexes incorporating multidentate hydrazone ligands were synthesized through a thermodynamically unfavourable process along with oxidovanadium(v) species.
Recent advances in organic dyes and fluorophores comprising a 1,2,3-triazole moiety
Authors: Brunel Damien , Dumur Frédéric
Published: January 2020

Since the discovery of the copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition in the early 2000s, tremendous efforts have been devoted to enlarging the scope of applications of this relatively simple to handle reaction.
Carbon-phosphide monolayer with high carrier mobility and perceptibleI–Vresponse for superior gas sensing
Authors: Singh Deobrat , Shukla Vivekanand , Panda Pritam Kumar , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: January 2020

We introduce the first-principle theoretical calculations to understand the adsorption mechanism of different gas molecules on monolayered carbon phosphide with semi-metallic electrical conductivity and graphene-like Dirac cone response.
Rh-Catalyzed aldehydic C–H alkynylation and annulation
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Ramakrishna Boddu S.
Published: January 2020

Novel Rh-catalyzed aldehydic C–H bond alkynylation and annulation for the in situ synthesis of chromones and aurones are described.
The polarizability response of a glass-forming liquid reveals intrabasin motion and interbasin transitions on a potential energy landscape
Authors: Bender John S. , Zhi Miaochan , Cicerone Marcus T.
Published: January 2020

Potential energy landscape (PEL) concepts have heretofore been useful in predicting liquid and glass properties from theoretical descriptions. Here, we enable experimental verification of these concepts by probing key PEL features.
Introduction to biomimetic therapeutics
Authors: Huang Yongzhuo , Gao Jianqing
Published: January 2020

Yongzhuo Huang and Jianqing Gao introduce the Biomaterials Science themed issue on biomimetic therapeutics.
A calix[4]resorcinarene-based giant coordination cage: controlled assembly and iodine uptake
Authors: Pei Wen-Yuan , Yang Jin , Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Yang Ying-Wei , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: January 2020

A giant calix[4]resorcinarene-based coordination cage, featuring efficient volatile iodine uptakes, was designed by tuning the ancillary ligand.
Correction: Towards dual inhibitors of the MET kinase and WNT signaling pathway; design, synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Lien Vegard Torp , Kristiansen Margrethe Konstanse , Pettersen Solveig , Haugen Mads Haugland , Krauss Stefan , Olberg Dag Erlend , Waaler Jo , Klaveness Jo
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Towards dual inhibitors of the MET kinase and WNT signaling pathway; design, synthesis and biological evaluation’ by Vegard Torp Lien et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 37092–37100.
MitoTimer-based high-content screen identifies two chemically-related benzothiophene derivatives that enhance basal mitophagy
Authors: Cerqueira Fernanda M. , Kozer Noga , Petcherski Anton , Baranovski Boris M. , Wolf Dane , Assali Essam A. , Roth Yaelle , Gazit Roi , Barr Haim , Lewis Eli C. , Las Guy , Shirihai Orian S.
Published: January 2020

Mitochondrial turnover is required for proper cellular function. Both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are impaired in several degenerative and age-related diseases. The search for mitophagy activators recently emerged as a new therapeutical approach; however, there is a lack in suitable tools to follow mitochondrial turnover in a high-throughput manner. We demonstrate that the fluorescent protein, MitoTimer, is a reliable and robust probe to follow mitochondrial turnover. The screening of 15 000 small molecules led us to two chemically-related benzothiophenes that stimulate basal mitophagy in the beta-cell line, INS1. Enhancing basal mitophagy was associated with improved mitochondrial function, higher Complex I activity and Complex II and III expressions in INS1 cells, as well as better insulin secretion performance in mouse islets. The possibility of further enhancing mitophagy in the absence of mitochondrial stressors points to the existence of a ‘basal mitophagy spare capacity'. To this end, we found two small molecules that can be used as models to better understand the physiological regulation of mitophagy.