bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological spatial differentiators upon reflection of the normally incident light
Authors: Li Heng , Xu Wenhao , Shu Weixing
Published: September 2022

We theoretically propose topological spatial differentiators by the normal-incidence reflection of light. Firstly, a three-dimensional propagation model is established for the light normally incident on the interface between two media. It is found that due to the spin–orbit interaction of light, a given circularly polarized light always induces oppositely polarized light carrying a topological charge, so the two intrinsic spin components are separated radially or azimuthally. Moreover, the normally reflected fields are approximately proportional to two kinds of second-order spatial differentiations of the input circularly and linearly polarized fields. Further results applying to the two-dimensional image processing for edge detection validate the two topological spatial differentiators.
The translation and validation of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being Instrument in China
Authors: Shi Ying , Dan Zhang , Tao Zijun , Miao Qi , Chang Tiantian , Zhang Xu , Jiang Xiaoyu , Li Xiaofei
Published: September 2022

To translate the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being instrument (OTSWI) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. A total of 259 patients with organ transplants were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Shenyang, from November 2020 to January 2021. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability were assessed using test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The Cronbach’s α of the Chinese version of the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-being instrument was 0.93. EFA demonstrated that 80.785% of the total variance was explained by a seven-factor solution. The criterion validity of the SF-36 was -0.460 (p < .01), while the test-retest reliability was 0.710. The Chinese version of the OTSWI questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of life of organ transplant patients for symptoms and well-being in China.
GWAS in the southern African context
Authors: Swart Yolandi , van Eeden Gerald , Uren Caitlin , van der Spuy Gian , Tromp Gerard , Möller Marlo
Published: September 2022

Researchers would generally adjust for the possible confounding effect of population structure by considering global ancestry proportions or top principle components. Alternatively, researchers would conduct admixture mapping to increase the power to detect variants with an ancestry effect. This is sufficient in simple admixture scenarios, however, populations from southern Africa can be complex multi-way admixed populations. Duan et al. (2018) first described local ancestry adjusted allelic (LAAA) analysis as a robust method for discovering association signals, while producing minimal false positive hits. Their simulation study, however, was limited to a two-way admixed population. Realizing that their findings might not translate to other admixture scenarios, we simulated a three- and five-way admixed population to compare the LAAA model to other models commonly used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We found that, given our admixture scenarios, the LAAA model identifies the most causal variants in most of the phenotypes we tested across both the three-way and five-way admixed populations. The LAAA model also produced a high number of false positive hits which was potentially caused by the ancestry effect size that we assumed. Considering the extent to which the various models tested differed in their results and considering that the source of a given association is unknown, we recommend that researchers use multiple GWAS models when analysing populations with complex ancestry.
The genetic diversity and structure in the European polecat were not affected by the introduction of the American mink in Poland
Authors: Martínez-Cruz Begoña , Zalewska Hanna , Zalewski Andrzej
Published: September 2022

The introduction and expansion of an invasive non-native species could have important consequences for the genetic patterns and processes of native species, moreover if the new arrival competes strongly for resources and space. This may result in the demographic decline of the native species. Knowing the effects on the levels of genetic diversity and structure in native species is key in terms of their conservation. We analysed temporal (over 50 years) genetic variation of the population of the European polecat (Mustela putorius), a species under threat in several European countries, in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF), Poland, before and after the invasion of the American mink (Neovison vison). Using 11 microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial control region we show that levels of diversity changed in the polecat population over 53 generations (over the period 1959–2012) and after the invasion of mink. When compared with other threatened European polecat populations, high levels of diversity are observed in the population in BPF in both periods, as well as in other areas in Poland. Our data shows that genetic structure was not present either before or after the mink invasion in BPF. This would suggest that the polecat population in Poland was not affected by invasive species and other negative factors and would be a potential good source of individuals for captive breeding or genetic rescue conservation management actions in areas where such actions are needed, for example the UK.
Observational study of the clinical performance of a public-private partnership national referral hospital network in Lesotho: Do improvements last over time?
Authors: Scott Nancy A. , Kaiser Jeanette L. , Jack Brian W. , Nkabane–Nkholongo Elizabeth L. , Juntunen Allison , Nash Tshema , Alade Mayowa , Vian Taryn
Published: September 2022

Public-private partnerships (PPP) may increase healthcare quality but lack longitudinal evidence for success. The Queen ‘Mamohato Memorial Hospital (QMMH) in Lesotho is one of Africa’s first healthcare PPPs. We compare data from 2012 and 2018 on capacity, utilization, quality, and outcomes to understand if early documented successes have been sustained using the same measures over time. In this observational study using administrative and clinical data, we assessed beds, admissions, average length of stay (ALOS), outpatient visits, and patient outcomes. We measured triage time and crash cart stock through direct observation in 2013 and 2020. Operational hospital beds increased from 390 to 410. Admissions decreased (-5.3%) while outpatient visits increased (3.8%). ALOS increased from 5.1 to 6.5 days. Occupancy increased from 82% to 99%; half of the wards had occupancy rates ≥90%, and Neonatal ward occupancy was 209%. The proportion of crash cart stock present (82.9% to 73.8%) and timely triage (84.0% to 27.6%) decreased. While overall mortality decreased (8.0% to 6.5%) and neonatal mortality overall decreased (18.0% to 16.3%), mortality among very low birth weight neonates increased (30.2% to 36.8%). Declines in overall hospital mortality are promising. Yet, continued high occupancy could compromise infection control and impede response to infections, such as COVID-19. High occupancy in the Neonatal ward suggests that the population need for neonatal care outpaces QMMH capacity; improvements should be addressed at the hospital and systemic levels. The increase in ALOS is acceptable for a hospital meant to take the most critical cases. The decline in crash cart stock completeness and timely triage may affect access to emergency treatment. While the partnership itself ended earlier than anticipated, our evaluation suggests that generally the hospital under the PPP was operational, providing high-level, critically needed services, and continued to improve patient outcomes. Quality at QMMH remained substantially higher than at the former Queen Elizabeth II hospital.
The Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of Madagascar, with revisions of Temnocoris and Tsingala (Laccocorinae)
Authors: Sites Robert W. , Bergsten Johannes
Published: September 2022

The island nation of Madagascar was surveyed extensively through a series of expeditions to determine the fauna of Naucoridae. Previously, 17 species in four genera had been reported from the country. All taxa previously recorded from Madagascar were re-collected, with the exception of three species,Macrocoris flavicollisSignoret,Temnocoris starmuhlneriPoisson, andTsingala nossibeanus(Bergroth).Macrocoris flavicollisis removed from the list of species occurring in Madagascar. Within Laccocorini (Laccocorinae), a new genus,Gonioathrixn.gen.is described;TemnocorisandTsingalaare revised; three new species are described inTemnocoris(T.leachin.sp.,T.montandonin.sp.,T.poissonin.sp.) and four inTsingala(T.angulatan.sp.,T.latiforman.sp.,T.spatulatan.sp.,T.trilobatan.sp.). Lectotypes are designated forAfronaucoris madagascariensis(Montandon),Tsingala humeralis(Signoret), andT.naucoroides(Montandon). In Macrocorinae, a new species ofMacrocoris,M.namoronan.sp., from Ranomafana National Park is described. These taxonomic actions bring the total for the country to five genera and 25 species. Distributions, habitat associations, and a key to the species are presented.
Form for planning and elaborating high fidelity simulation scenarios: A validation study
Authors: Kaneko Regina Mayumi Utiyama , Monteiro Inês , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes
Published: September 2022

Every human being has the right to safe, dignified and harm-free care in health institutions. High fidelity simulation has been used in teaching for the training and continuing education of health professionals to promote quality, safe and humanized patient care. Elaborating scenarios is an important phase to provide a simulation-based experience, and is relevant in the teaching-learning process. The objective of this study was to validate the content and applicability of the High Fidelity Simulation Scenario Planning and Development Form and its Operational Manual. The form could be used to development of scenarios to medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and as well as other specialties in the healthcare. This was a methodological validation study of the form and its manual content by experts in simulation and its feasibility, conducted in two phases: Phase 1: eight experts were selected using the “snowball” sampling technique to validate the content measured by the content validity index; Phase 2 (test): the form and its operational manual validated by the experts were made available to 28 participants in order to elaborate scenarios for the feasibility assessment and participation in the focus group. All items in the form and in the operational manual reached a content validity index above 0.80. The total content validity index was 0.98. The evaluation of the usability of the instruments carried out by the participants reached a percentage above 96.43% in all alternatives except for the item “It was easy to use the form to build your scenario” (75%). Eight participants were present in the focus group. Focus group discussions were categorized into completeness, practicality and usefulness according to comments and suggestions. The form and its operational manual proved to be valid instruments.
Assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine lotteries: A cross-state synthetic control methods approach
Authors: Fuller Sam , Kazemian Sara , Algara Carlos , Simmons Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

Vaccines are the most effective means at combating sickness and death caused by COVID-19. Yet, there are significant populations within the United States who are vaccine-hesitant, some due to ideological or pseudo-scientific motivations, others due to significant perceived and real costs from vaccination. Given this vaccine hesitancy, twenty state governors from May 12th to July 21st 2021 implemented some form of vaccination lottery aiming to increase low vaccination rates. In the aftermath of these programs, however, the critical question of whether these lotteries had a direct effect on vaccination remains. Previous literature on financial incentives for public health behaviors is consistent: Financial incentives significantly increase incentivized behaviors. Yet, work done specifically on state vaccine lotteries is both limited in scope and mixed in its conclusions. To help fill this gap in the literature, we use synthetic control methods to analyze all 20 states and causally identify, for eighteen states, the effects of their lotteries on both first-dose and complete vaccination rates. Within those eighteen states, we find strong evidence that all but three states’ lotteries had positive effects on first-dose vaccination. We find for complete vaccinations, however, over half the states analyzed had negative or null effects. We explore possibilities related to these mixed results including the states’ overall partisanship, vaccine hesitancy, and the size of their lotteries finding null effects for each of these explanations. Therefore, we conclude that the design of these programs is likely to blame: Every state lottery only incentivized first-doses with no additional or contingent incentive based on a second dose. Our findings suggest that the design of financial incentives is critical to their success, or failure, but generally, these programs can induce an uptake in vaccination across diverse demographic, ideological, and geographic contexts in the United States.
Self-control and SAT outcomes: Evidence from two national field studies
Authors: Baldwin Chayce R. , Haimovitz Kyla , Shankar Priya , Gallop Robert , Yeager David , Gross James J. , Duckworth Angela L.
Published: September 2022

Self-control is often thought to be synonymous with willpower, defined as the direct modulation of impulses in order to do what is best in the long-run. However, research has also identified more strategic approaches to self-control that require less effort than willpower. To date, field research is lacking that compares the efficacy of willpower to strategic self-control for consequential and objectively measured real-world outcomes. In collaboration with the College Board, we surveyed two national samples of high school students about how they motivated themselves to study for the SAT college admission exam. In Study 1 (N = 5,563), compared to willpower, strategic self-control predicted more hours of SAT practice and higher SAT scores, even when controlling for prior PSAT scores. Additionally, the more self-control strategies students deployed, the higher their SAT scores. Consistent with dose-response curves in other domains, there were positive albeit diminishing marginal returns to additional strategies. Mediation analyses suggest that the benefits of self-control strategies to SAT scores was fully explained by increased practice time. These results were confirmed in Study 2, a preregistered replication with N = 14,259 high school students. Compared to willpower, strategic self-control may be especially beneficial in facilitating the pursuit of goals in high-stakes, real-world situations.
Women with perinatal suicidal ideation–A scoping review of the biopsychosocial risk factors to inform health service provision and research
Authors: Bright Ann-Marie , Doody Owen , Tuohy Teresa
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This review aims to map the existing evidence on perinatal suicidal ideation, identify biopsychosocial risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and make recommendations for service provision and future research.

Methods

Scoping review guided by Arskey’s and O’Malley’s (2005) framework. Five academic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ASSIA and Academic Search Complete) were searched from 1st January 2009 to 1st April 2022. Studies were screened by title, abstract and full text against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies, written in English pertaining to perinatal suicidal ideation were included. Forty-one studies met the eligibility criteria, data were extracted and narratively synthesised. Findings are reported in accordance with the PRISMA-SR extension.

Key conclusions

Findings were mapped onto the biopsychosocial framework and include sleep deprivation, maternal age, pregnancy complications, mood disorders, intimate partner violence, childhood maltreatment/abuse, low socioeconomic status, alcohol and tobacco misuse, miscarriage/perinatal loss, birth trauma and sleep deprivation. The findings demonstrate that the biopsychosocial risk factors for perinatal suicidal ideation are varied and complex.

Implications for practice

The minimisation of women’s experiences may lead to detrimental consequences and there is a need for increased knowledge of mental health problems by those working with women in the perinatal period to ensure safety planning conversations occur with every woman meeting ‘at risk’ criteria.
New microsatellite markers for the shallow coral Madracis auretenra from the Caribbean
Authors: Ballesteros-Contreras Diana Carolina , Barrios Lina Maria , Preziosi Richard
Published: September 2022

Coral reefs species represent one-third of all marine species described in the ocean. They are also responsible for providing habitat and support to different species. Recently, Caribbean coral reefs ecosystems have suffered an alarming decrease in their populations as a result of overexploitation. Madracis auretenra in particular, is a widespread shallow coral in marine protected areas (MPAs) of the Caribbean. Due to the important role of MPAs as a biodiversity conservation tool, this species can be used as a model to estimate its dispersion/migration among Caribbean reefs through the use of informative genetic markers (microsatellites) specifically designed for it. Seventeen new polymorphic microsatellites markers for M. auretenra were developed and tested in 330 samples from Colombia, Guatemala, Curacao and Barbados. The gene diversity (1-D) ranged from 0.482 to 0.903, while the evenness ranged from 0.456 to 0.884 after clone removal. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.347 to 0.742, while the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.078 to 0.578. The specificity of our microsatellites shows the potential use of these markers in a-posteriori analysis to detect population structure at different spatial scales, where M. auretenra is reported.
Central bank communication, shadow banking, and bank risk-taking: Theoretical model and PVAR empirical evidence
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Shuai , Liu Honglei
Published: September 2022

The rapid development of Chinese shadow banking, which relies on the banking system, significantly impacts nonneutral bank risk-taking. Central bank communication also plays a vital role in risk prevention and mitigation in the banking system in a modern central banking system. To address the issues of central bank communication, shadow banking, and bank risk-taking, we construct a new theoretical model that includes shadow banking based on the M-S model. Based on the central bank written communication index measured by the Monetary Policy Implementation Report 2009–2019 and balanced panel data of 35 listed banks, we design an empirical PVAR model. This study finds that central bank communication regarding domestic easing economy and policy positively affects bank risk-taking, while central bank communication and mechanism exists in China. Moreover, the growth rate of shadow banking size also positively encourages bank risk-taking. Furthermore, central bank communication regarding foreign policy is negatively related to bank risk-taking in the robustness test, supporting the above findings. The analysis of equity heterogeneity shows that the positive effect of central bank communication on bank risk-taking in shadow banking is more pronounced in small and medium-sized shareholdings. Further analyzing the economic consequences of central bank communication and shadow banking on bank risk-taking, we find that banks’ risk-taking positively affects their share of noninterest income and total asset size.
Molecular identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes and their antibiotic resistance patterns among diarrheic children and in contact calves in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Belete Mequanint Addisu , Demlie Tiliksew Bialfew , Chekole Wagaw Sendeku , Sisay Tessema Tesfaye
Published: September 2022

DiarrheagenicEscherichia colistrains are an essential cause of diarrheal infection in younger children and animals. The study was focused on understanding the associated characteristics of various DEC strains among children and calves, establishing the possible zoonotic transmission, and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from 144 acute diarrheic children and 50 diarrheic calves were collected and processed using traditional culture methods. The molecular identification of pathotypes was completed using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting ten virulence genes (stx1,stx2,eae,aatA,lt,st,ial,hlyA bfpA,and daaE) related to six DEC pathotypes (EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, EAEC EIEC, and DAEC). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Colonies from 74 study subjects (54 diarrheic children and 20 diarrheic calves) were positive forE.coliisolates. Subsequent PCR detection discovered that 77% of children and 85% of calves’ isolates were positive for one or more virulence genes typical of particular strains. Among those ETEC [(18%), (26%)] is being the maximum predominant, and [(15%), (15%)] were positive for STEC, [(13%), (8%)] for atypical EPEC, [(6%), (7%)] for EHEC, [(6%), (5%)] for EAEC, and [(6%), (4%)] for EIEC strains in children’s and calves, respectively. Of the identifiedE.coliisolates, about 29% were found to be hybrid isolates. ETEC (66.7%) and STEC (58.9%) strains showed a better detection rate in contact children with diarrheic calves than children with no contacts. Most antibiotic resistances were obtained towards amoxicillin (64.9%), gentamycin (56.8%), and ampicillin (54.1%). Up to sixty-five percent of isolates were resistant to a minimum of three categories of antibiotics. This is the primary report on the wide occurrence of the six-diarrheagenicEscherichia colistrains, and ETEC was found to be the predominant pathotype among children and contact calves in Ethiopia.
Information and communication technology, educational attainment, and disparity in health information from one’s personal social network: The J-SHINE 2017 cross-sectional study
Authors: Kitagishi Takekazu , Takagi Daisuke
Published: September 2022

Previous studies suggested that accessibility to others with useful health information depends on one’s educational background. While Information and Communication Technology is thought to affect health information disparities, it remains unclear whether it widens or narrows them. We aimed to examine how four types of communication media—face-to-face/telephone, E-mail, LINE, social network service (SNS)—modify the association between educational background and accessibility to useful health information in the personal network of Japanese adults. We used data from the third-wave Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) survey conducted in 2017, which targeted middle-aged adults living in four municipalities within Japanese metropolitan areas. The results demonstrated that SNS use moderated the gap between educational backgrounds, suggesting that SNS can be an interventional leverage to close a health-related information gap between socioeconomic positions.
Hygienic behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic may decrease immunoglobulin G levels: Implications for Kawasaki disease
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiromi , Hirata Masaaki , Hatakeyama Kuniya , Yamane Ichiro , Endo Hisashi , Okubo Hiroe , Nishimura Yoshimi , Nagao Yoshiro
Published: September 2022

Background

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hygienic behaviors became a new norm since January 2020. The hygiene hypothesis predicts that an excessively hygienic environment may adversely affect human health.

Objective

We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on immunological parameters linked to the hygiene hypothesis.

Methods

We examined age-specific levels of total nonspecific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE in individuals who visited Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital between 2010 and 2021. Pre-COVID (2010–2019) and COVID (2020–2021) periods were compared.

Results

IgG levels steadily decreased throughout Pre-COVID period. IgG levels fell abruptly from the pre-COVID period to the COVID period in all age groups (P = 0.0271, < 0.3 years; P = 0.0096, 0.3–5 years; P = 0.0074, ≥ 5 years). The declines in IgG in < 0.3 years and that in ≥ 5 years accelerated during the COVID period. IgE levels were seasonal, but did not change noticeably from the pre-COVID to COVID period. IgG levels recorded for patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) (mean 709 mg/dL) were significantly lower than for matched control subjects (826 mg/dL) (P<0.0001).

Discussion

Hygienic behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak decreased the chance of infection, which may explain the decreases in IgG levels in children and adults. Neonatal IgG declined, possibly because of the decrease in maternal IgG.

Conclusion

Hygienic behaviors decreased the IgG levels in all age groups, from neonates to adults. This downturn in IgG may lead to vulnerability to infections as well as to KD.
Ethical Practice and Narratives of Resistance to Violence: Becoming Resilient Part 2
Authors: Jenkins Alan
Published: September 2022

This paper is the second part of a previous publication in this journal and is based on a plenary address at the 30th Australian Family Therapy Conference in 2009. It develops the idea of ethical practice in therapy for men and boys with a history of significant violence and abuse. This fosters a connection with resilience that resists or refuses to participate in historical narratives that support violence and its effects. In the paper, I provide several therapeutic examples of working with narratives of violence and present a theory of resilience and ethical practice drawing on the ideas of Deleuze. This helps to understand resilience as a process of ethical agency, creative renewal, and the production of expansive difference.
‘Not A Sufficient Reason’: LGBTQ asylum seekers in the Russian asylum system
Authors: Rosolovskaya Ekaterina
Published: September 2022

This article provides an analysis of the Russian asylum system with a specific focus on its treatment of LGBTQ asylum seekers. I analysed existing literature on the Russian asylum system and examined asylum decisions from first-instance and second-instance immigration authorities and appeal decisions issued by the Basmanny district court of Moscow and the Moscow city court. While there seems to be no unified approach as to whether LGBTQ asylum seekers constitute a particular social group in the sense of the UN Refugee Convention, there is a consistent trend of refusing international protection to LGBTQ asylum seekers at all levels. The relevant bodies either ignore the systematic persecution LGBTQ persons face in the countries of origin or simply dismiss the arguments put forward by the applicants and conclude that there is no proof of the existence of personal risks in case of return. Such an approach further pushes the applicants into a semi-underground existence.
Queering Protracted Displacement: Lessons from Internally Displaced Persons in the Philippines
Authors: Quintero Romeo Joe , Hari Amrita
Published: September 2022

In this short paper, we apply a queer lens to challenge the current parameters of protracted refugee situations (PRS), as outlined in international legal instruments, by drawing on stories of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the Philippines affected by the Zamboanga Siege in 2013. We argue that PRS is not a status that displaced individuals transition in and out of, and that the reliance on nation-states to implement international protections can exacerbate the already tenuous situations of IDPs. The perception of prolonged displacement lingers well beyond traditional durable solutions of return, local integration, and resettlement, shaping IDPs’ longing for home.
Az egészség és a személyiségvonások kapcsolata, pszichoszomatikus rendellenességek
Authors: Masa Andrea , Tobak Orsolya
Published: September 2022

Az életmód, az egészségtudatos magatartás döntően befolyásolja az egyén egészségi állapotát. Az egészségügyi szakdolgozók azonban nem csak a saját egészségükért felelősek, életvitelükkel közvetett hatást gyakorolnak az ellátottakra is. Ezeket a saját egészségük érdekében hozott döntéseiket nagyban meghatározza az egészségműveltségük, valamint az egészségértésük hatással lesz a későbbi egészségfejlesztő tevékenységükre is. Kutatásunk célja a hallgatóink egészségmagatartásának és egészségértésének, valamint ezek összefüggéseinek vizsgálata. 2021. szeptember és október között végeztünk kvantitatív, leíró jellegű keresztmetszeti felmérést az SZTE ETSZK egészségtudományi képzésben résztvevő hallgatói körében, célzott mintavétellel (n=152). Az adatgyűjtés online módon zajlott, a kitöltés önkéntes és anonim volt. Az adatgyűjtés eszköze saját szerkesztésű kérdésekből és validált kérdéssorokból összeállított kérdőív volt. IBM SPSS Version 25.00 szoftver segítségével leíró statisztikai elemzés mellett khí-négyzet próbát, Fisher’s exact tesztet, továbbá Mann Whitney próbát végeztünk 95%-os valószínűségi szinten (p<0,05). A válaszadók többségének (82,1%) a szubjektív egészsége legalább jó, hetente legalább 150 percet azonban csak a mintában résztvevők fele (51%) mozog. Naponta a résztvevők 43,7%-a fogyaszt gyümölcsöt és 41,7%-a zöldséget. Egyharmaduk egészségértése kitűnő. A zöldségfogyasztást szignifikánsan befolyásolja a testalkat (p=0,001), az elhízottak közül senki nem eszik legalább egyszer naponta zöldséget. Az első évfolyamosok szignifikánsan nagyobb arányban fogyasztanak gyümölcsöt naponta (p=0,006), azonban a cukros üdítők fogyasztása is körükben a gyakoribb (p=0,033). Az alsóbb évesekre jellemzőbb (p=0,027), hogy eleget mozognak. Az egészségértése a védőnőknek szignifikánsan rosszabb(p=0,013). A fizikai aktivitásra vonatkozó eredményeinkre biztosan hatással volt a pandémiás időszak, azonban a tanulmányokban való előrehaladással együtt egyik egészségmagatartással kapcsolatos tényező sem mutatott javulást. Annak ellenére, hogy a hallgatók leterheltsége a felsőbb évfolyamokon egyre fokozódik, fontos lenne elérni, hogy az ismereteik bővülésével párhuzamosan az életmódjuk is tudjon javulni.
The relationship between depression, HIV-stigma and adherence to ART among adult patients living with HIV at tertiary Hospital in Durban, South Africa: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and social support
Authors: Luthuli Muziwandile Qiniso
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Although, numerous factors predicting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) have been broadly studied on both regional and global level, up-to-date adherence of patients to ART remains an overarching, dynamic and multifaceted problem that needs to be investigated overtime and across various contexts. There is a dearth of empirical studies on the interactive mechanism by psychosocial factors predict adherence to ART among PLWH in South Africa. This study investigated the relationship between depression, HIV-stigma, and adherence to ART among adult patients living with HIV at a tertiary Hospital in Durban, South Africa and the mediating role of self-efficacy and social support.METHODS: A total of 201 male and female adult patients aged between 18-75 years receiving ART at King Edward VIII Hospital's ARV clinic were sampled, using time location sampling (TLS) and data were collected using self-administered questionnaire. Guided by Health Locus of Control Theory and Social Support Theory, data were analysed using SPSS through bivariate, logistic regression and mediational analyses.RESULTS: Chi-square analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference found between depression and ART adherence (Ï?2 (4) = 16.140; p < .003), while between HIV stigma and ART adherence no statistically significant difference was found (Ï?2 (1) = .323; p >.570). Binary logistic regression indicated that depression was statistically associated with adherence to ART (OR= .853; 95% CI, .789'.922, P 0.31). However, the findings showed that the effect of depression on adherence to ART was not significantly mediated by self-efficacy (Sobel test for indirect effect, Z= 1.01, P> 0.31). The effect of HIV stigma on adherence to ART was not statistically significant (OR= .980; 95% CI, .937' 1.025, P>.374), but the effect of social support on adherence to ART was statistically significant, only after the effect of HIV stigma was controlled for (OR= 1.017; 95% CI, 1.000' 1.035, P<.046).CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that depression is a significant predictor of adherence to ART. Thus, the findings also suggested that in effort to alleviate the psychosocial impact of depression on adherence to ART, a special consideration of self-efficacy and social support should be taken into consideration.
Better safe than sorry: Smart Sheet Based Attendance System
Authors: Zaman Rida , Rasheed Aysha , Rasheed Sadaf , Taqvi Syeda Rida Fatima , Naqvi Dr.Hira Fatima , Nagraj Abdul Rehman
Published: September 2022

It is very important for the effective functioning of an organization to maintain its attendance record properly, and because of this very reason we have created Smart Sheet Attendance System which provide us finest of details about attendance record of university students.
Trajectory Planning for Narrow Environments That Require Changes of Driving Directions
Authors: Roth Joerg
Published: September 2022

In the area of mobile robotics, trajectory planning is the task to find a sequence of primitive trajectories that connect two configurations, whereas non-holonomic constraints, obstacles and driving costs have to be considered. In this paper, we present an approach that is able to handle situations that require changes of driving directions. In such situations, optimal trajectory sequences contain costly turning maneuvers – sometimes not even on the direct path between start and target. These situations are difficult for most optimization approaches as the robot partly has to drive paths with higher cost values that seem to be disadvantageous. We discuss the problem in depth and provide a solution that is based on maneuvers, partial backdriving and free-place discovery. We applied the approach on top of our Viterbi-based trajectory planner.
Knowledge, culture and the curriculum in Britain, 1944 to the present
Authors: Morgan John
Published: September 2022

The school curriculum is a vital battlefield on which versions of the ‘good society’ are fought over. For much of the past five decades, the educational left has been losing that battle. Optimistic calls for a curriculum to support a ‘common culture’ fragmented in the face of economic, social and cultural changes. This article charts debates about curriculum and culture, focusing on the work of the sociologist of education Michael Young, who spent his academic life at the IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK). It surveys the educational arguments of the New Left in the 1960s, the turn towards knowledge and control and neo-Marxism in the 1970s, the failed modernisations of the 1990s and the influence of postmodern culture on curriculum and school subjects. Finally, it assesses recent moves to reassert the importance of knowledge over skills and processes. The crisis in curriculum is reflective of wider crises in British society, and, it is suggested, Young offers a guide to what comes next.
Las artes de la música y la fotografía: una propuesta pedagógica para la educación ambiental
Authors: Ramos-Trujillo Branlinzon , Ayala-Ramíez María Eugenia , Zapata-Calle Nancy
Published: September 2022

Este estudio busca explicar los impactos que tienen el arte de la música y la fotografía como estrategia para la educación ambiental. Para ello, se elaboró una investigación de carácter descriptiva y aplicada, en una población de 20 estudiantes del cuarto grado de básica primaria con edades que oscilan entre los 9 y 11 años de edad. Esta investigación es de naturaleza mixta y pretende describir, explicar, comprobar y predecir la correlación que existe entre las categorías de procesos artísticos, protección y conservación ambiental. Dentro de las fases de implementación se desarrolló una propuesta pedagógica basada en tres talleres digitales: “Conozco sobre el medio ambiente”, “Cantándole al medio ambiente” y “Fotografía ambiental”, que los motivó a realizar diferentes actividades como interpretación y producción de canciones alusivas al medio ambiente. Además realizaron capturas de imágenes ambientales en sus diferentes manifestaciones. Para medir el alcance de la propuesta se realizó una pregunta evaluativa relacionada con los objetivos planteados en los talleres, evidenciando un impacto positivo en la adquisición de conocimientos ambientales y la representación de estos en la música y la fotografía como una alternativa pedagógica para la educación ambiental. Además, desde el punto de vista sostenible, esta propuesta contribuye a mejorar la cultura ambiental e invita a los educandos a que exploren medios digitales que facilitan la interiorización de conocimientos y despiertan la necesidad de comunicar mensajes para cuidar y proteger el medio ambiente, los cuales pueden ser reproducidos en diferente tiempo y lugar.
Aprendizajes en familia de Educación Económica y Financiera (EEF) asistida por tecnología
Authors: Valbuena-Duarte Sonia , Barbutin-Soracá Jhonier , Bolívar-Sandoval Lucía
Published: September 2022

La Educación Económica y Financiera (EEF) se ha venido promoviendo en varios países para desarrollar en los ciudadanos la toma de decisiones asertivas y comportamientos económicos y financieros responsables. Sin embargo, existe un alto nivel de endeudamiento en las familias y marcadas deficiencias en la alfabetización financiera, lo que da lugar a toma de decisiones desinformadas e impacta la calidad vida. Esta investigación de corte cualitativo con diseño descriptivo sigue una metodología en cuatro fases: preparatoria, de trabajo de campo, informativa y analítica. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 27 familias de estudiantes de una institución educativa de carácter oficial del Distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. La información se recaba con cuestionarios, pruebas de conocimiento, encuentros en jornada contraria a la escolar, observación participante y no participante. Los resultados evidencian falta de una cultura en EEF y, por tanto, toma de decisiones sin la responsabilidad necesaria en lo económico y lo financiero, afectando la calidad de vida en las familias. Con base en los análisis de los hallazgos, se diseña una propuesta que en tiempos de aislamiento y trabajo virtual apoye a las familias en la formación de toma de decisiones informadas en temas relacionados con lo económico y lo financiero de su hogar. Se concluye la necesidad de fomentar la creación de propuestas educativas innovadoras que motiven la interacción y el aprendizaje en estos aspectos en familia desde la escuela de padres y madres de las instituciones educativas, que les permita transformar sus prácticas en lo económico y financiero.
On being Poor‐by‐Choice: A Philosophical Critique of the Neoliberal Poverty Perspective
Authors: Dixon John
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Neoliberalism is an economic, social, and political philosophy that derives, but significantly deviates, from classical liberalism. It has supreme trust in the marketplace and in the omniscience of market forces. It postulates that poverty is an objectively knowable social phenomenon. It theorizes that poverty's causal explanation is grounded in the inappropriateness of the hopes, aspirations, and goals of those living in poverty. It moralizes that the poor have a moral obligation to critically assess the consequences for themselves and others of their decisions not to work even when work is available, for which they should be held responsible. It concludes that the work‐shy poor‐bychoice — the undeserving poor — cannot be trusted not to abuse tax‐finance welfare support. The paper explicates, briefly, the philosophical underpinnings of neoliberalism as a social science paradigm, so as to facilitate, secondly, the exploration of its perspective on human nature, which informs, thirdly, its perspective on poverty. It concludes that neoliberalism is unable to speak with any certainty about the nature, causes, and consequences of poverty and its solution. The neoliberal poverty discourse is, essentially, a discourse on human nature. It asserts that the poor can choose not to be poor. This gives rise to an ideologically informed, assumption‐based approach to anti‐poverty policy.
Having Their Say: Rural Mothers Talk about Welfare
Authors: Dolan Elizabeth M. , Seiling Sharon B. , Braun Bonnie , Katras Mary Jo
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The public's perception of persons who rely on public assistance is generally negative. The surprising element is that mothers who are themselves reliant on welfare also hold these negative attitudes. This paper explored the attitudes toward and experiences with welfare of rural low income mothers using data from the Rural Families Speak longitudinal, multi‐state project. Consistent with prior research, the majority of rural mothers spoke disparagingly of those relying on “welfare.” They saw themselves in a different light because they were in need and they used “public assistance” to help their families survive. The rural mothers also spoke of incidents in which they and their family members had experienced discrimination due to their use of welfare benefits.
Kähler–Einstein metrics with prescribed singularities on Fano manifolds
Authors: Trusiani Antonio
Published: September 2022

Given a Fano manifold

(
X
,
ω
)

{(X,\omega)}

, we develop a variational approach to characterize analytically the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics with prescribed singularities, assuming that these singularities can be approximated algebraically.
Moreover, we define a function

α
ω

{\alpha_{\omega}}

on the set of prescribed singularities which generalizes Tian’s α-invariant, showing that its upper lever set

{

α
ω

⁢

(
⋅
)

>

n

n
+
1

}

{\{\alpha_{\omega}(\,\cdot\,)>\frac{n}{n+1}\}}

produces a subset of the Kähler–Einstein locus, i.e. of the locus given by all prescribed singularities that admit Kähler–Einstein metrics. In particular, we prove that many K-stable manifolds admit all possible Kähler–Einstein metrics with prescribed singularities. Conversely, we show that enough positivity of the α-invariant function at nontrivial prescribed singularities (or other conditions) implies the existence of genuine Kähler–Einstein metrics.
Finally, through a continuity method we also prove the strong continuity of Kähler–Einstein metrics on curves of totally ordered prescribed singularities when the relative automorphism groups are discrete.
Frame shifting and fictive motion in Shelley’s poetic sublime
Authors: Bruhn Mark J.
Published: September 2022

In a key article on “Foregrounding and the sublime” (2007), David S. Miall outlined astylisticas opposed torepresentationalapproach to the sublime in verbal art, focusing not on the object or scene that provokes sublime experience but instead on forms of poetic language that may evoke an analogously sublime experience in the reader. Miall theorized that such forms would be foregrounding devices, and his analysis of Percy Shelley’s epistolary and verse accounts of Mont Blanc identified four such devices in particular: explicit discourse of defamiliarization, deviant syntax, ultimately unimaginable images, and mind-nature blending through deictic shifts. In honor of David, this article imitates his method in order to (a) redefine the fourth of these devices in more general terms of spatial reference frame shifting and (b) nominate fictive motion constructions as a fifth foregrounding device in Shelley’s poetic sublime.
Role of lncRNA MIAT/miR-361-3p/CCAR2 in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Feng Tao , Song Chunyu , Wu Zhiyong , Zhao Ke , Ye Shenglan
Published: September 2022

The study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in prostate cancer. The relationships between lncRNA MIAT and miR-361-3p, miR-361-3p and cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) were predicted by StarBase and TargetScan, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to detect the mRNA expression of lncRNA MIAT, miR-361-3p, CCAR2, Bax, and Bcl-2 in the prostate cancer tissues or cells. The protein levels of CCAR2, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. The cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and Flow cytometry analysis, respectively. lncRNA MIAT was upregulated, while miR-361 was downregulated in the prostate cancer tissues and Du145 cells. lncRNA MIAT negatively regulated miR-361-3p expression in Du145 cells. Downregulating lncRNA MIAT decreased the cell viability, induced the cell apoptosis, increased Bax expression, and decreased Bcl-2 expression in Du145 cells, while the effects were reversed by downregulating miR-361-3p or CCAR2 upregulation. Moreover, CCAR2 upregulation reversed the effects of miR-361-3p upregulation on Du145 cell viability and apoptosis. In conclusion, lncRNA MIAT participated in prostate cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis via miR-361-3p/CCAR2 axis.
A large-size and polarization-independent two dimensional grating fabricated by scanned reactive-ion-beam etching
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Wenhao , Zhang Tong , Zheng Zhongming , Chi Zhendong , Jiang Yanxiu , Wu Na
Published: September 2022

Scanned reactive-ion-beam etching method was proposed to transfer two-dimensional mask patterns into quartz substrate, which would produce a larger-size and polarization-independent two-dimensional grating. This method was realized by moving grating substrate in a unidimensional scanning manner and adjusting ion beam density in the vertical scanning direction. Graphite plates between the ion beam source and the substrate were used to correct the beam density. The original Gaussian ion beam density was changed to a uniform distribution to establish a knife-edge shape around the vertical scanning direction. Therefore, a large-area pattern with consistent depth and duty cycle would be engraved into a quartz substrate. A two-dimensional, 1200 groves/mm grating with an 85-mm × 85-mm area was fabricated under scanned reactive-ion-beam etching method and exhibited a 0.197λ (λ = 632.8 nm) diffraction wave front. At 780 nm, the efficiency nonuniformity was less than 9%, and the average diffraction efficiencies of transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric polarized light were 57.2 and 58.0%, respectively. The large-size two-dimensional grating with uniform diffraction efficiency and polarization independence enabled grating displacement measurement with high resolution, long measurement range, multiple degrees of freedom, and potential miniaturization.