bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Multi-Indirect Features Extraction and Optimized Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm for Online State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Chunsong , Tuo Xianguo , Wu Longxing , Zhang Guiyu , Lyu Zhiqiang , Zeng Xiangling
Published: September 2024

With the wide application of lithium batteries (LIBs) in electrified transportation and smart grids, especially in the pure electric vehicle industry, the accurate health maintenance monitoring of LIBs has emerged as critical to safe battery operation. Although many data-driven methods with state of health (SOH) estimation for LIBs have been proposed, the problems of industrial application and computational cost still need to be improved further. In contrast, this article carried out a low-complexity SOH estimation method for LIBs. Specifically, the seven health indicators are extracted firstly to characterize battery health status from voltage, current, temperature, and other data that can be obtained online. Then, the optimized Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm is proposed with proper computational cost. Ultimately, by combining a multi-indirect features extraction and optimized GPR algorithm, the online SOH estimation for LIBs was established and verified with NASA experiment data. The experimental results show that the maximum MAPE of SOH estimation from the proposed method is 1.4496 and the minimum MAPE only reaches 0.5635. More importantly, the optimized GPR for SOH estimation can achieve a maximum 65.37% improvement under multiple evaluation criteria compared to traditional GPR. The method proposed in this article is helpful for realizing online SOH estimation in battery management systems.
Full-Size Experimental Investigations on Planetary Gear Journal Bearings in High-Power Wind Turbines
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yabin , Ding Qiangming , Zhu Yuhang , Feng Kai
Published: September 2024

To satisfy the large-scale and high-power demands of wind turbines, planetary gear journal bearings (PGJBs) have been applied in large wind turbine gearboxes (WTGs), as an alternative to traditional rolling bearings, due to their higher reliability and smaller size. To simulate the actual lubrication behaviors of PGJBs and investigate their hydrodynamic performance, a full-size test rig for PGJBs was built in this article. A multiparameter detection system coupled with the ultrasonic testing method was developed. Four ultrasonic piezoelectric elements, eight thermistors, two pressure transducer, and one torque sensor were used to obtain the film thickness, oil temperature, oil pressure, and friction torque data of the test PGJB. The rated condition experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of measured lubrication performance with the operating time. Three-dimensional predictions of oil film pressure, temperature, and thickness were presented to analyze the steady-state lubrication characteristic at the rated condition. Moreover, a series of steady-state experiments were carried out to simulate the normal operations of the test PGJB at different conditions, and the measured results were verified by the numerical predictions. The influence of rotational speed, input load, oil supply temperature, and oil supply flow on the hydrodynamic performance of the test PGJB was explored.
Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Line Contact Problem Under Intermittent Motion
Authors: Li Haiping , Zhang Mingyu , Sun Haoyang , Wang Jing
Published: September 2024

A mathematical model of time-varying thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is developed using a sleeve chain as the object of study. The effects of thermal effect, load, speed, rest time, and equivalent radius of curvature on its EHL are investigated using theoretical simulations. The results show that during intermittent motion, a portion of oil is entrapped in the contact zone at the end of the deceleration phase, after which this entrapped oil gradually moves out of the contact zone with the onset of speed, and a lower film of oil at the lubrication inlet passes through the center of the contact zone. In simple sliding intermittent motion, the temperature rise plays a crucial role in the variation of the oil film, particularly during the motion phases, and is an unavoidable factor. An increase in stop time reduces the film thickness and increases the following friction coefficient in the acceleration stage. An increase in the equivalent radius of curvature increases the film thickness and thermal rise in the contact zone as well as decreases the friction coefficient. Since the sleeve chain is one of the most commonly used mechanism in industry, high priority should be given to the lubrication design of this structure.
Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Injectivity and Dynamic Storage Capacity in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wang John
Published: September 2024

Carbon dioxide could be stored in unconventional shale reservoirs in a supercritical state due to available pore volume, infrastructure, and injectivity. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the injectivity and storage capacity in shale reservoirs. In this paper, a two-dimensional dual-porosity, dual-permeability model was built to investigate CO2 injectivity and dynamic storage capacity spatially and temporally. Parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effect of matrix permeability, fracture conductivity, fracture half-length, operating conditions, and near-wellbore connectivity on storage factors. Systematic and comprehensive numerical experiments are carried out using random sampling to generate a probability distribution of CO2 storage factors and replacement ratio. Results showed the parameters with the most impact to least impact on injectivity and storage factor: matrix permeability, near-wellbore connectivity, bottomhole pressure, fracture half-length, and fracture conductivity. The methodology in this study provides a foundation to examine how CO2 storage factors change spatially and temporally in and outside the stimulated reservoir volume. The new understanding can be applied to optimize field development, well spacing, and infill drilling to increase economic storage.
Efficiency-Driven Supervised Learning Regressors in Power Modeling and Optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Dorosti Ehsan , Shabani Amir , Vijayaraghavan Krishna
Published: September 2024

Of all the clean energy sources, wind power stands as the most widely available and employed form. Besides the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) are attracting significant attention. This study focuses on optimizing a 12-kW lift-based 3-blade VAWT by introducing an optimal diffuser to enhance performance using two optimization procedures. To do that, a nonsymmetric diffuser in the shape of NACA4405 is introduced to the VAWT which is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and validated with experimental data. To optimize the power coefficient (Cp) of the VAWT, adjustments will be made to the position and orientation of both the upper and lower walls of diffuser. Two optimization methods were employed: one involves direct optimization, where a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is integrated with CFD. The second method utilizes Machine Learning (ML) models, such as Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and AdaBoost, fitted to the data set extracted from CFD. These ML models then replace CFD and are used in optimization. Results show that optimal diffuser can contribute to 27% increase in Cp. When employing GPR and AdaBoost, the optimal Cp values closely match those from direct optimization while optimization using ML models reduces computational costs by nearly 78% fewer simulation runs.
Numerical Optimization and Analysis of 3D-Printed Porous Structures for Open Volumetric Receivers
Authors: Broeske Robin Tim , Schwarzbözl Peter
Published: September 2024

Solar tower power plants with open volumetric receivers using air as the heat transfer fluid present an alternative to existing molten salt or steam receiver systems, offering high robustness, high availability, and effective storage capabilities. As the central component of this receiver type, volumetric porous structures are responsible for the absorption of the concentrated solar irradiation and the heat transfer to the air flow. Manufacturing techniques such as 3D-printing make it possible to purposefully design the porous structures down to sub-millimeter scales.

A new numerical optimization approach has been developed which allows the derivation of new porous structures precisely tailored to the available manufacturing techniques. Potential absorber designs are first characterized via three-dimensional CFD and raytracing simulations. The resulting effective properties are then used by a 1D LTNE homogeneous model to evaluate the absorber performance. The variation of the absorber geometry is controlled by an optimization method, both an exact and a heuristic method have been implemented within the new approach. A key feature of the design process is the explicit incorporation of the limitations and capabilities of the associated manufacturing technologies. This allows to directly ensure the manufacturability of the optimized absorber designs. The approach has been applied to derive optimized absorber designs which were then created via 3D-printing and experimentally evaluated confirming their potential as solar absorbers.
Physical Versus Data-Driven Modeling of Thermionic Device Performance Over the Full Range of Power Generation Operating Conditions
Authors: Juette Elizabeth D. , Carey Van P. , Fleurial Jean Pierre
Published: September 2024

Real thermionic device performance asymptotically approaches ideal behavior in the saturated and Boltzmann regimes at high and low voltages. The maximum power point occurs between the two ideal regimes in a transition region where the output current density is a fraction of the ideal output current due to space charge in the interelectrode gap. The operating mode of a power-generating thermionic device is determined by the operating conditions of the device and the device specifications. These conditions and specifications include the electrode temperatures, operating voltage, device geometry, and the electrode material properties.

The focus of this paper is to develop a physics-based model for the transition region between the two regimes and to incorporate data from real devices. We based the modeling on classical models of current transport between electrodes. The saturated regime is characterized by the Child-Langmuir law for thermionic emission and Langmuir space-charge theory is implemented for the charge-affected regime to characterize the transition behavior in real diodes. We modify the conventional solution for the interelectrode motive to include an electron reflection probability parameter at the collector and establish a general functional form for the current flux variation with voltage in the transition region. We then utilize machine learning tools to interpret the behavior of real data in the context of the developed framework, and to develop a performance predictive tool that leverages the advantages of a physics-inspired machine learning methodology.

The model is demonstrated to fit performance data for four different real, small gap, vacuum thermionic devices to within 12%. We used the framework and the functional form suggested in tandem with experimental data to develop a performance predictive model for the power-generating operating regimes which reflects the underlying physics and is consistent with performance trends in the data for real devices. The sensitivity of the device performance to changes in work function, electron reflection probability, and interelectrode gap width is also discussed.
Helium Gas Brayton Cycle and Rankine Cycle Combined System With PCM Thermal Storage for Efficient CSP System
Authors: Li Sheng , Gamil Ahmed , Li Peiwen
Published: September 2024

For a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant to achieve high thermal efficiency and maintain operation during nighttime, high temperature heating and the integration of thermal energy storage in the system is important, which becomes even more critical for the cost competitiveness of the CSP against solar PV technologies. To achieve the goal, the current work proposes a concentrating solar thermal power plant to have combined thermal cycles — a Brayton cycle (helium gas) at high temperatures (800–850 °C) alongside a Rankine cycle (water). The water in the Rankine cycle takes the energy from the helium gas cooling process in Brayton cycle to generate steam. To get a high concentrating solar receiving efficiency and high temperature in the solar receiver, a novel jet impingement heat transfer approach has been proposed for helium gas to be heated. For compact and large quantity (16 hours) thermal energy storage at temperatures ≥ 800 °C, NaCl has been selected as a suitable Phase Change Material (PCM) due to its appropriate melting point (801°C), high heat of fusion (481.8kJ/kg), and large reserves and relatively low cost among many high temperature PCMs. The feasibility of the proposed CSP system is studied through basic thermodynamic analysis to the combined cycles, examination of solar receiver heat transfer of jet impingement, and calculation of PCM thermal energy storage capacity. A thermal efficiency of 43.8–45.2% was found achievable for the thermal power system. The solar receiving efficiency can approach 89.2%. If the total solar energy in a field going to the solar receiver can achieve 90%, then the energy from solar field can have 35.2–36.3% being converted to electrical energy in such a CSP power plant that can produce electrical power 24 hours a day.
An Experimental Study on Performance Degradation and Recovery Protocols of Module Stack Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Dynamic Load
Authors: Nghiem Quan Thien Phan , Nguyen Huu Linh , Kim Younghyeon , Yu Sangseok
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the performance degradation of three-cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks was investigated in dynamic working conditions. A customized current cycle based on the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle was developed as a test cycle. Long-term experiments, consisting of equal-duration test periods, were conducted at stack temperatures of 60°C and 70°C. The test cycle was repeated in each test period, followed by a recovery stage. To investigate the responses of PEMFC stacks during tests, the polarization curves were measured at the beginning and end of each test period, as well as after the recovery stages. Based on the degradation assessment, the more severe working temperature was selected as the test condition for assessing the recovery efficiency of the shutdown and the voltage cycling method. The experimental results indicated that the temperature of 70°C resulted in a higher deterioration of stack voltage than the case of 60°C. Specifically, the stack voltage measured at 0.5 A/cm2 in the case of 60°C and 70°C dropped by 1.75% and 3.59%, respectively, after 100 hours. Regarding the recovery effectiveness, the shutdown method was more efficient than the voltage cycling method as time progressed. At 0.8 A/cm2, for instance, the recovery efficiency of the shutdown method maintained at 77.25%, whereas the figure of the voltage cycling method decreased to 53.46% after 100 hours. The ohmic region had the highest recovery efficiency compared to the other regions with the shutdown approach. This study emphasized the recovery capability of the shutdown method and motivated further works to shorten its duration for practical conditions.
Thermodynamic Optimization of Low-Cost Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Reclaimed Minerals
Authors: Engel Tihamer , Sephton Thomas , Baghaei Lakeh Reza
Published: September 2024

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, hold immense potential in transitioning towards a sustainable energy future. However, their intermittent nature poses challenges to grid stability. Energy storage solutions, particularly Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems, have emerged as a promising approach to address this issue and enhance the integration of renewables. This study delves into the development of a TES system that utilizes repurposed minerals as storage material, integrated with a low-temperature zero liquid discharge thermal desalination system. The integration of TES with desalination processes holds significant promise in mitigating the economic and environmental consequences of ocean or brackish water desalination. By employing TES, the study aims to improve the overall efficiency of the integrated system, contributing to the sustainability of both energy generation and water production. This research employs a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis, encompassing optimization and sensitivity analyses of the TES system utilizing only sensible heat. A detailed MATLAB model relying on the first law of thermodynamics provides valuable insights into the transient behavior of a 4,000–15,000 kg storage system under various charge and discharge scenarios.
Enhancing Renewable Energy Systems: Integrating and Optimizing Flywheel and Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Solutions
Authors: Elkholy Mohamed , Schwarz Sarah , Avemarie Georg , Aziz Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The transition to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind is challenged by their variable outputs, which can lead to power imbalances. Hydrogen fuel cells, typically used for long-term energy storage, encounter challenges such as degradation due to power fluctuations and slow response times. This study proposes a hybrid energy storage solution that integrates flywheels and fuel cells to address these issues. Flywheels provide a rapid response to power peaks, whereas fuel cells offer stable, continuous power during periods of low renewable energy production. The hybrid system comprises a solar PV array, a PEM electrolyzer, a flywheel storage system, a PEM fuel cell, and hydrogen tanks, all coordinated by a power management unit (PMU) through a common DC link to ensure efficient power distribution. A sizing optimization model is employed to balance energy supply and demand, thereby optimizing the component sizes. Efficiency analyses indicate that this hybrid system could significantly improve the stability and reliability of renewable energy sources, presenting a robust solution to the challenge of power intermittency by effectively managing both short-term and long-term energy storage needs.
Headphones over the cochlear-implant sound processor to replace direct audio input
Authors: Bernstein Joshua G. W. , Voelker Julianna , Phatak Sandeep A.
Published: September 2024

Psychoacoustic stimulus presentation to the cochlear implant via direct audio input (DAI) is no longer possible for many newer sound processors (SPs). This study assessed the feasibility of placing circumaural headphones over the SP. Calibration spectra for loudspeaker, DAI, and headphone modalities were estimated by measuring cochlear-implant electrical output levels for tones presented to SPs on an acoustic manikin. Differences in calibration spectra between modalities arose mainly from microphone-response characteristics (high-frequency differences between DAI and the other modalities) or a proximity effect (low-frequency differences between headphones and loudspeaker). Calibration tables are provided to adjust for differences between the three modalities.
Research Across the Female Life Cycle: Reframing the Narrative for Health and Performance in Athletic Females and Showcasing Solutions to Drive Advancements in Research and Translation
Authors: McNulty Kelly L. , Taim Bernadette C. , Freemas Jessica A. , Hassan Amal , Lupton Brantner Carly , Oleka Chimsom T. , Scott Dawn , Howatson Glyn , Moore Isabel S. , Yung Kate K. , Hicks Kirsty M. , Whalan Matthew , Lovell Ric , Moore Sam R. , Russell Suzanna , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Bruinvels Georgie
Published: September 2024

Over the last few decades, there has been an unprecedented growth in the number of females in sport and exercise, including an exponential rise in female participation, alongside an increased interest and investment in female sport. This success in many aspects underscores the demand for and importance of female-specific research to optimize health, participation, and performance of athletic females. It has also brought awareness to the numerous inequities that exist between females and males. Indeed, the prevailing narrative within sport and exercise science focuses on the disparity of research in females compared with males, which has led to a lack of a critical mass of high-quality data on athletic females. While acknowledging the current gap and the need for further higher quality data, there is still a body of knowledge pertaining to athletic females spanning over a century. This existing literature, amid its criticisms, offers a valuable foundation to build upon for current translation and to inform future research. Thus, it is essential to acknowledge, interpret, and apply prior learnings from previous work, while also considering any limitations. This commentary proposes a reframing of the current narrative that there is an absence of useful data in athletic females, to one that recognizes both the strides made and how past findings can be integrated into practice today as well as inform future research directions. It also addresses the opportunities that remain, and how a more comprehensive and pragmatic body of knowledge can be developed and translated to better serve athletic females in the future.
Supplemental Material: Early Pleistocene glacier ice preserved in permafrost in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Coulombe Stephanie , al. et
Published: September 2024

Field and laboratory methods, Figures S1–S6, and Tables S1–S2.  
Development and validation of a population-based risk algorithm for premature mortality in Canada: the Premature Mortality Population Risk Tool (PreMPoRT)
Authors: O'Neill Meghan , Hurst Mackenzie , Pagalan Lief , Diemert Lori , Kornas Kathy , Fisher Stacey , Hong Andy , Manuel Doug , Rosella Laura C
Published: September 2024

Introduction

To develop and validate the Premature Mortality Population Risk Tool (PreMPoRT), a population-based risk algorithm that predicts the 5-year incidence of premature mortality among the Canadian adult population.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis used six cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey linked to the Canadian Vital Statistics Database (2000–2017). The cohort comprised 500 870 adults (18–74 years). Predictors included sociodemographic factors, self-perceived measures, health behaviours and chronic conditions. Three models (minimal, primary and full) were developed. PreMPoRT was internally validated using a split set approach and externally validated across three hold-out cycles. Performance was assessed based on predictive accuracy, discrimination and calibration.

Results

The cohort included 267 460 females and 233 410 males. Premature deaths occurred in 1.40% of females and 2.05% of males. Primary models had 12 predictors (females) and 13 predictors (males). Shared predictors included age, income quintile, education, self-perceived health, smoking, emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and stroke. Male-specific predictors were marital status, Alzheimer’s disease and arthritis while female-specific predictors were body mass index and physical activity. External validation cohort differed slightly in demographics. Female model performance: split set (c-statistic: 0.852), external (c-statistic: 0.856). Male model performance: split set and external (c-statistic: 0.846). Calibration showed slight overprediction for high-risk individuals and good calibration in key subgroups.

Conclusions

PreMPoRT achieved the strongest discrimination and calibration among existing prediction models for premature mortality. The model produces reliable estimates of future incidence of premature mortality and may be used to identify subgroups who may benefit from public health interventions.
African vital force and the permissibility of euthanasia
Authors: Lougheed Kirk
Published: September 2024

One argument for the permissibility of euthanasia found in the African philosophical tradition suggests that the sole goal of life is to develop one’s vital force, which is done by relating harmoniously with one’s community. However, this is impossible for people with certain medical conditions. If the goals of life cannot be achieved, then euthanasia is permissible. I challenge this argument by showing that it overlooks the fact that severely ill patients can still be theobjectsof communal relationships, in addition to a way for caregivers to strengthen their own vital force. I also suggest that usual readings of vital force imply that life itself is to be preserved at all costs and that this acts as a kind of deontological constraint.
Analytical solution for one-dimensional chemo-hydro-mechanical coupled consolidation under time-dependent loading in buffer clay layer
Authors: Li Xibin , Shen Yanghai , Yu Xiangyang , Zhang Zhiqing , Zhang Wenjie
Published: September 2024

An analytical method is developed for solving the coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical consolidation in a clay buffer layer under time-dependent loading. The coupled governing equations for the chemo-hydro-mechanical process are established in the time and spatial domain first. Then, the governing equations are decoupled into two partial differential equations by introducing two variables. The analytical solutions corresponding to ramp and exponential loadings are finally derived based on the initial and boundary conditions. The developed analytical solutions are verified via comparing with the numerical results simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. Based on the developed solutions, selected parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of major parameters and hydraulic boundary conditions on the contaminants transport and pore water pressure dissipation in buffer clay layer. The results show that the major parameters have effects on the generation and dissipation of pore pressure, while only effective coefficient of diffusion, coefficient of ultrafiltration, and relative change of total density of pore liquid significantly affect the contaminant migration process. Compared with a single drainage boundary, the pore pressure dissipation and contaminant migration in a double drainage soil layer are much faster. The longer the loading time of mechanical loading, the more significant the negative pore pressure caused by the concentration gradient.
Study on fatigue performance and rutting prediction model of steel slag asphalt mixture
Authors: Wang Guozhong , Sun Enyong , Zhao Yanqing
Published: September 2024

Steel slag, a significant industrial waste, poses environmental and land issues due to its accumulation. This research explores using steel slag to replace natural aggregates in steel slag asphalt mixture (SSAM) at varying levels by weight: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research evaluated the pavement and fatigue performance of SSAM, noting that dynamic stability peaked at a 75% slag content. Although low-temperature flexibility decreased, it remained within acceptable limits. The mixture met or exceeded Chinese specifications for resistance to water and traffic stress. Fatigue life varied with slag content, decreasing at high levels due to increased stiffness and stress. A rutting prediction model for SSAM was developed, utilizing a back propagation neural network for accurate rut depth forecasts, demonstrating the model’s precision with a fit of 0.99744. This study suggests that optimized slag content enhances SSAM performance, offering a sustainable approach to managing steel slag.
Computational analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid over an inclined cylinder: Variable thermal conductivity and viscosity with buoyancy and radiation effects
Authors: Rafique Khadija , Mahmood Zafar , Adnan  , Khan Umar , Farooq Umar , Emam Walid
Published: September 2024

Due to their widespread use in engineering, hybrid nanofluids have been the primary focus of mathematical and physical research. Only the improvement of hybrid nanofluids’ variable heat conductivity and viscosity has been considered so far. Hybrid nanofluid flow across an inclined cylinder has many potential uses, including heat transfer and cooling in electrical devices, energy storage, refrigerants, and the automobile industry. Examining the effects of buoyant force, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, mass suction, convective thermal conditions, and a magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of a Al2O3–Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid in an inclined cylinder is our objective in this work. In order to find solutions to boundary-condition flow-describing partial differential equations, we turn them into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. We achieve this by employing a numerical strategy known as the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique, which incorporates shooting techniques. A graphical representation of the findings emphasizes the influence of many physical parameters on flow dynamics. In addition, we address the influence of drag force and rate of heat transfer on various elements, such as the Biot parameter, magnetic variable, viscosity variable, and thermal conductivity variable. The mixed convection and magnetic parameters cause the velocity profile to rise while the temperature profile falls. The research’s results elucidate the cause behind the rise in thermal contour of hybrid nanofluids, which is seen when there is an increment in thermal conductivity, radiation parameter, and Biot number. The heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.87% in the aiding flow scenario when a 2.0 mass suction is applied in conjunction with a 0.01 hybrid nanofluid, as compared to the conventional fluid. In the scenario of opposing flow, the heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.96% when compared to that of ordinary fluid. Heat transfer increases 43.00% when Rd increases from 0.1 to 0.5 for both assisting and opposing flow.
ENTROPY GENERATION ANALYSIS OF DUSTY FLUID WITH PERISTALSIS IN ASYMMETRIC CHANNEL WITH SLIP EFFECTS
Authors: KANWAL ATIFA , KHAN AMBREEN AFSAR , KHAN AZIZ , ALMUTAIRI D. K. , ABDELJAWAD THABET
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the peristaltic dusty fluid flow where dust particles are distributed uniformly. The passage of flow is asymmetric. Slip conditions have been incorporated into both momentum and thermal profiles. The mathematical model is constructed using the laws of momentum and energy conservation. The resulting coupled equations are solved using small wavenumber approximation. Impacts of important quantities on temperature and velocity profiles of fluid along with solid particles have been debated through graphs. Entropy generation analysis has been carried out for influential parameters. An enhancement is observed in temperature irreversibility as Brinkman and thermal slip are increased. Bejan number is studied for various values of Brinkman number, wavenumber and thermal slip. The analysis of peristaltic flow of particle fluid with slip has a vital role in biomedical sciences and industry.
Modules with reduced endomorphism rings
Authors: Kimuli Philly Ivan , Ssevviiri David
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study endo-reduced modules as modules whose endomorphism rings have no nonzero nilpotent elements. We characterize their properties for different classes of modules, including [Formula: see text]-non-singular modules, multiplication modules and finitely generated modules over commutative Dedekind domains. In the subcategory of finitely generated modules, it is shown that the class of rings [Formula: see text] for which every faithful multiplication [Formula: see text]-module is endo-reduced is precisely that of reduced rings; while the class of rings [Formula: see text] for which every multiplication [Formula: see text]-module is endo-reduced is precisely that of von Neumann regular rings. Characterizations of when an endo-reduced module will be a reduced module are given. We prove that a finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain (PID) is endo-reduced exactly if it is either a semisimple module with pair-wise non-isomorphic submodules or a torsion-free module which is isomorphic to the underlying ring.
Naturally occurring porphyrins: The colored molecules of life
Authors: Kadish Karl M. , Guilard Roger
Published: September 2024

This mini-review focuses on the biosynthesis pathways leading to naturally occurring porphyrins. ALA, protoporphyrin IX, chlorophylls and their derivatives are increasingly used in medicine, sensing, or chemical biology applications. Knowledge of their biosynthesis and unique functions in living organisms is a prerequisite before involving these molecules in drugs or processes.
The role of spacer heteroatomic fragment in spectroscopic and luminescent behaviour of phenyl-substituted phthalocyanine complexes
Authors: Erzunov D. , Alekseeva A. , Sarvin I. , Tonkova S. , Vashurin A.
Published: September 2024

Peripheral phenyl-substituted metal phthalocyanines with thio and oxa substitution in the spacer bridge fragment were obtained in the work. Spectroscopic properties were studied for the obtained complexes, and the main patterns of behavior and characteristics change depending on the solvent and the nature of the spacer atom. It is shown that the replacement of an oxygen atom in the bridge fragment of a peripheral substituent with a sulfur atom leads to a change in the values of the fluorescence quantum yields. It was revealed that the presence of a spacer fragment is one of the key factors that strongly influence both the solubility of phthalocyanine complexes and their aggregation behavior in various solvents.
A Brief History of Blockchain Interoperability
Authors: Belchior Rafael , Süßenguth Jan , Feng Qi , Hardjono Thomas , Vasconcelos André , Correia Miguel
Published: September 2024

A deep dive into blockchain interoperability: why it is needed, progress that has been made over the past decade, how it is currently deployed and used, and likely paths of future development.
Improving Nutrition Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and the Role of Animal-Source Foods
Authors: Paro Fevi Rose , Davour Roselyn , Acosta Daniel , Mechlowitz Karah , Tiwari Chhavi , McKune Sarah L.
Published: September 2024

Nutrition security is challenging in regions where resources are limited and food production is naturally constrained. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), undernutrition is high for many reasons, including lack of nutritional diversity and low high-quality protein content. Interest in the role of animal-source food (ASF) in reducing nutrition insecurity is increasing, as evidence from LMICs suggests that consumption of ASF is strongly associated with reduction in stunting, improved diet quality, and overall nutrition, particularly in early stages of life. We review the strengths and limitations of ASF consumption in terms of accessibility, safety, and nutritional benefits compared to non-ASF sources. We present a critical discussion on existing barriers to ASF consumption and its future directions in LMICs. Understanding the role of ASF in improving nutrition security in LMICs is crucial to optimizing public health, designing appropriate interventions, and implementing effective policy in resource-poor settings.
Transcriptomic signatures of human single skeletal muscle fibers in response to high-intensity interval exercise
Authors: Van der Stede Thibaux , Van de Loock Alexia , Lievens Eline , Yigit Nurten , Anckaert Jasper , Van Thienen Ruud , Weyns Anneleen , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandesompele Jo , Derave Wim
Published: September 2024

By development of a single-fiber transcriptomics technology, we assessed the transcriptional events in individual human skeletal muscle fibers upon high-intensity exercise. We demonstrate a large variability in transcriptional activation of fibers, with shared and distinct gene signatures for slow and fast fibers. The heterogeneous fiber-specific exercise response extends beyond this traditional slow/fast categorization. These findings expand on our understanding of exercise responses and uncover a profound between-fiber diversity in muscle fiber activation and transcriptional perturbations.
Mechanisms of mechanical stimulation in the development of respiratory system diseases
Authors: Xia Tian , Pan Ziyin , Wan Haoxin , Li Yongsen , Mao Guocai , Zhao Jun , Zhang Fangbiao , Pan Shu
Published: September 2024

During respiration, mechanical stress can initiate biological responses that impact the respiratory system. Mechanical stress plays a crucial role in the development of the respiratory system. However, pathological mechanical stress can impact the onset and progression of respiratory diseases by influencing the extracellular matrix and cell transduction processes. In this article, we explore the mechanisms by which mechanical forces communicate with and influence cells. We outline the basic knowledge of respiratory mechanics, elucidating the important role of mechanical stimulation in influencing respiratory system development and differentiation from a microscopic perspective. We also explore the potential mechanisms of mechanical transduction in the pathogenesis and development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. Finally, we look forward to new research directions in cellular mechanotransduction, aiming to provide fresh insights for future therapeutic research on respiratory diseases.
Eosinophils prevent diet-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice on a high-fat diet
Authors: Proskocil Becky J. , Bash Gina N. , Jacoby David B. , Fryer Allison D. , Nie Zhenying
Published: September 2024

This study investigates how eosinophils influence systemic metabolism and airway function in obesity. Known for their immune functions, eosinophils also mitigate obesity-related hyperinsulinemia, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness in obese mice models. The findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting the intricate interplay among neurons, eosinophils, and the endocrine system to alleviate asthma in obesity. This research provides novel insights into the critical neuro-immune-endocrine interactions essential for managing obesity-related asthma.
Diagnosis and Management of a Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and a Concurrent Plasmacytoma
Authors: Thor Danielle C. , Umrani Rohan , Bergal Jack , Yang Charles , Gordon Richard
Published: September 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) typically presents as an indolent disease with a benign disposition in most patients. In select patients, CLL can progress into a more aggressive disease via its original morphology, following a Richter transformation to an alternative non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, or with the concomitant development of multiple myeloma. In an extremely rare subset of individuals with CLL, an extramedullary plasmacytoma may coexist. This case report seeks to describe the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with concurrent CLL and a plasmacytoma.
PARP7 Inhibitors and AHR Agonists Act Synergistically across a Wide Range of Cancer Models
Authors: Chen Huadong , Gou Xuxu , Mao Ying , O’Leary Patrick C. , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Ashworth Alan
Published: September 2024

Small-molecule inhibitors of the mono (ADP) ribosyl transferase PARP7 are being evaluated asmonotherapy for tumors overexpressing PARP7 and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. We previously showed that sensitivity to the PARP7 inhibitor (PARP7i) RBN-2397 could be enhanced by cotreatment with agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHRa) in cell lines that show strong intrinsic sensitivity to RBN-2397. In this study, we demonstrated that a range of tumor cell lines that are relatively insensitive to PARP7i or AHRa as individual agents are unexpectedly profoundly sensitive to their combination. Our data show that this synergistic response is dependent on the AHR/AHR nuclear translocator and is associated with increased levels of nuclear AHR and increased transcription of AHR target genes. In some hormone receptor–positive cell lines, we find that combination treatment is associated with proteasomal turnover of the steroid hormone receptors, androgen receptor and estrogen receptor. Both wild-type and hormone-resistant mutant forms of these receptors are degraded upon treatment with AHRa and PARP7i in breast and prostate cancer models. These results suggest that combining PARP7i with AHRa may extend the utility of these drugs to a wider range of tumors, including those that are refractory to hormone therapy.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Off-targeting analyses for PRECIS engineering of SF3B1 K700E mutation
Supplementary Figure 6 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Splicing and growth phenotypes of HG-3 and MEC-1 SF3B1 mutant cell lines
Supplementary Figure 5 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

The K700E reporter is removed via Cre-mediated recombinase treatment
Supplementary Figure 1 from Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili
Published: September 2024

Overview of the K700 locus and mutation validation strategies
Urinary Sodium Excretion and Kidney Disease Progression in IgA Nephropathy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Guizhen , Wang Xuliang , Cheng Yijie , Zhou Suhan , Yang Yan , Cheng Jun , Li Heng , Li Xiayu , Han Fei , Chen Jianghua
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The role of dietary sodium intake in the risk of chronic kidney disease progression remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association of urinary sodium excretion and progression of IgA nephropathy. Methods: We assessed 596 patients with IgA nephropathy, and urinary sodium excretion was measured at the time of kidney biopsy. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the association between urinary sodium excretion and kidney disease progression events, defined as 50% eGFR decline or development of kidney failure. Results: After a mean follow-up of 58.9 months, a total of 75 (12.6%) participants of IgA nephropathy reached composite kidney disease progression events. The risk of kidney disease progression events was higher in patients with higher urinary sodium excretion. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, higher levels of ln-transformed urinary sodium excretion was associated with the kidney disease progression events in patients with IgA nephropathy (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4–3.2). In reference to the first tertile of urinary sodium excretion, hazard ratios were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0–3.4) for the second tertile and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1–3.9) for the third tertile. Conclusion: Higher levels of urinary sodium excretion were associated with kidney disease progression events in IgA nephropathy independent of clinical and biopsy characteristics.
Changes of Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers after Peeling of Epiretinal Membranes
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Schlatter Andreas , Ruiss Manuel , Pilwachs Caroline , Findl Oliver
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Several optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers for postsurgical success among patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling have been described in the past. The aim of this study was to examine the remission of OCT biomarkers in patients with iERM after pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Methods: This prospective study included patients scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling for iERM. The postoperative remission of presurgical OCT biomarkers was analyzed from OCTs at predefined time points (3 months, 1 year) after surgery and correlated with visual acuity. Results: Among 75 patients included, remission of pre-surgically present OCT biomarkers was observed in 87.5% of eyes with disorganization of retinal inner layers, in 82.4% with cotton ball sign, in 70.4% with intraretinal cystoid changes, in 57.1% with hyperreflective foci, in 51.2% with ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL), and in all eyes with defects of the ellipsoid zone. Central macular thickness (CMT) showed a significant reduction after surgery (p < 0.001 and p = 0.019) and was the only significant predictor for development of distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA) 1 year after surgery (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CMT was the only significant predictor for development of DCVA 1 year after surgery. Remission rates of most of the other OCT biomarkers were high, but did not significantly influence postsurgical DCVA.
Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Kidney Diseases in Children
Authors: Wang Guozhen , Liao Mengqiu , Tan Danny Junyi , Chen Xiangjun , Chao Ran , Zhu Yifan , Li Pan , Guan Yuelin , Mao Jianhua , Hu Lidan
Published: September 2024

Background: Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) in children pose unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. IKD significantly impact patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and cost to the healthcare system. With over 150 genetic abnormalities, they account for approximately 30% of cases requiring renal replacement therapy. There is an urgent need to advance both diagnosis and treatment strategies. In this review, we present recent advances in diagnosis and treatment for facilitating personalized treatment approaches. Summary: The diagnostic landscape for IKDs have evolved significantly, emphasizing precise genetic identification and classification of these disorders. Recent advancements include the refinement of genetic testing techniques, such as whole exome sequencing, which has improved the accuracy of diagnosing specific diseases and facilitated early intervention strategies. Additionally, this review categorizes IKDs based on genetic abnormalities and clinical manifestations, enhancing understanding and management approaches. Finally, it summarizes the corresponding treatment, and lists the application of emerging therapeutic options such as gene therapy and organoids, which show promise in transforming treatment outcomes. Key Messages: This review summarizes the common types of IKDs in children, including their diagnosis and treatment advances, and provides an update on the status of gene therapy development for these disorders.