bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Smart Tourist Spanish Destination Program Critical Success Factors
Authors: DE-PABLOS-HEREDERO Carmen , BLANCO-CALLEJO Miguel
Published: January 2024

Smart Tourist Destinations (STD) are innovative tourist destinations highly enabled by technolog- ical infrastructures, aimed to assure the sustainable development of tourism, allowing full acces- sibility, and making easier for visitors to interact with elements in destination. Literature review evidence shows how these destinations apart from increasing the quality of tourists’ experiences at destinations, improve the quality of life among residents. In the last decade, a great investment has been done in the creation and maintenance of STD. Spain is the second world power in tour- ism, and it has recently put into action the STD Program. This program is oriented to develop a management model of tourism that includes different dimensions: governance, innovation, tech- nology, sustainability, and accessibility oriented to create and preserve STD. It is supported by a method concerned with providing recommendations, action plans and a system to monitor final outcomes. In this paper, the Spanish STD Program is described, and a case of success is presented, focusing on the main benefits of the method such as the fact that it is a powerful tool to prioritize some innovative actions, the achievement of greater competitiveness because of a rational use of tourism resources, the improvement in the quality of stay of visitors and the increase in terms of residents’ quality of life. Long term positive impacts in the environmental areas are also analysed from a sustainable perspective.
The Influence of Intensive Agriculture on Soil Properties and Nutrient Availability in Kauwi and Zombe Wards of Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Kitavi Everlyne Katilo , Ndung’u Charles Kimani , Mwangi Moses
Published: January 2024

Soils perform various functions for the purpose of supporting agroecosystems. Numerous agroecosystem support functions rely on the properties of soils. Inappropriate agricultural techniques and land usage have led to a global 12.5% drop in soil health during the previous few decades. Inappropriate cultivation, nutrient mining, and overuse of inorganic chemical treatments are some of the activities that may have degraded soil quality. A study on the influence of intensive agriculture on soil properties and nutrient availability under different cropping systems and locations was done in the years 2018 and 2019 in Kauwi and Zombe Wards of Kitui County, Kenya. Four commonly occurring cropping systems, namely, vegetable, cereal, fruit, and agroforestry, were selected in the two locations. Uncultivated land in the area was considered as control. In total, there were five treatments, which were replicated five times in each of the locations. During the typical long (March, April, May) and short (October, November, December) rainfall seasons, composite soil samples were randomly taken from the cropping systems. Analysis of the results revealed that the influence of cropping systems on locational variation of soil quality parameters varied significantly (p<0.05). Further, the interaction between cropping strategies and locations significantly influenced soil pH and soil organic carbon. In Zombe, the vegetable cropping system registered the lowest soil pH and electrical conductivity values. Similarly, Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium mean values under the vegetable farming system were higher in Zombe compared to Kauwi ward, probably due to the heavy application of fertilisers. Based on the results from the study, farmers in the area should be sensitised to embrace sustainable agricultural practices that promote moderate application of fertilisers to maintain healthy soils
The Afrocentric Imperative in Tackling African Environmental Challenges: Afroecosolidarity Perspectives
Authors: Ikeke Mark Omorovie , Ukutsemuya Joachim Ireruke
Published: January 2024

Africa is not exempted from environmental challenges. Environmental challenges in the continent include desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, gas flaring, overpopulation, resource wars, multidimensional poverty, oil spillage and pollution. The challenge is that in the process of seeking solutions to the environmental crisis in Africa, solutions rooted in African indigenous ecological values may be neglected or sidelined in preference for Western or Eurocentric ideologies and philosophies. This paper argues that there is a need to pay attention to environmental solutions based on indigenous ecological ideals and values. African solutions to her environmental problems should be Afrocentric, sourced from an Afroecosolidarity perspective. A critical hermeneutic and analytic method is adopted here to help understand the issues that the paper deals with. The paper finds that there is an undue privileging of Western ideas in the search for solutions to African environmental problems. The paper concludes that solutions to African environmental problems should be both Afrocentric and also informed by the value of Afroecosolidarity
Improving Network Security: An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Dataset from Higher Learning Institutions, Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST), Tanzania
Authors: Sindika Daud M. , Nicholaus Mrindoko R. , Hamadi Nabahani B.
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, Internet-driven culture securing computer networks in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) has become a major responsibility. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are crucial for protecting networks from unauthorized activity and cyber threats. This paper examines the process of improving network security by creating a comprehensive IDS dataset using real traffic from HLIs, highlighting the importance of accurate and representative data in improving the system's ability to identify and mitigate future cyber-attacks. The IDS model was created using a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques. Metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used to assess the performance of each model. The dataset used for training and testing was real-world network traffic data obtained from the institution's computer network. The results showed that the developed IDS obtained exceptional accuracy rates, with Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost models all achieving an accuracy of around 93%. Precision and recall values were likewise quite high across all algorithms. Furthermore, the study discovered that data quality has a substantial impact on IDS performance. Proper data preparation, feature engineering, and noise removal were found to be helpful in improving model accuracy and reducing false positives. While the IDS models performed well throughout validation and testing, implementing such systems in a production setting necessitates careful thought. As a result, the essay also examined the procedures for testing and deploying the IDS models in a real-world scenario. It underlined the significance of ongoing monitoring and maintenance in order to keep the model effective in identifying intrusions. The research aids in the progress of network security in HLI. Educational institutions can better protect their precious assets and sensitive information from cyberattacks by understanding the impact of data quality on IDS performance and implementing effective deployment techniques
Knowledge Management Practices and Employee Performance at DFCU Bank in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Daphine , Barigayomwe Rogers
Published: January 2024

This study examines the relationship between knowledge management practices and employee performance at DFCU Bank in Uganda. The study is based on the firm's knowledge-based theory, which states that knowledge is a critical resource for organizations and that effective knowledge management can improve organizational performance. A total of 150 employees from DFCU Bank were surveyed to gather data on knowledge management practices and employee performance levels. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive relationship between knowledge management practices and employee performance. Specifically, employees who reported higher levels of knowledge management practices also reported higher levels of employee performance. The study also identified the knowledge management practices that were most effective in improving employee performance at DFCU Bank. These practices include knowledge sharing, training and development, and communication. The findings of this study have important implications for organizations looking to improve employee performance. By implementing effective knowledge management practices, organizations can enhance employee performance, leading to improved organizational performance
الاستعانة بالحاسبات الالكترونية في تدريس مواد المحاسبة
Authors: بن غربية سالم
Published: January 2024

It is recommended also that a computer center, as compared to some other fo roms of computer configuration should be choosen. One of the biggest advan tages of this type of computer is to fa cilitate and encourage empirical and scientific research which the University has the main responsibility to fulfill. 
The purpose of this article 'vhihpub lished in the Arabic section of this issue is towfold; First, to review related literature concerning the using of com püter assisted instructio. Second, to susscst some application of computer in the Accounting courses in our school. 
Some suggestions — concering the computcr applications in Accounting courses — are discussed by the article. 
* Assistant Professor, Departement of 
Accounting Faculty of Economics – University of Garyounis.
نماذج تمويل التنمية الاقتصادية في الجماهيرية
Authors: جمعة ميلود
Published: January 2024

In his article we try to discover how Leer mic development is being financcd in Libyan economy following the tradi lonal classification of finance into inter.al and external finance.

Using a newly coastracted flow-c! Cand account the Libyan economy in 1517 Logether with information about the retudes of national income saving ud investment for the period 106 1010 WC lyve kuluded that:

As a result of the non-existence of de financial instruments and institutiens otser then commercial banks to gether with the tendency of these banks to keep a high percentage of their assets in a liquid form and the persistence of the public of keeping a high percentage of their money holdings in terms of currency, the lending-borrowing activity through financial Intermediation in the Libyan economy has become very limited and consequently the concept of external finance of cconomic develop ment, which in turn has resulted in a high dependence of economic development on internal finance instead.

The dominance of internal finance techniques and the appearant reluctance of the government, financial institutions and the public in engaging in external finance practices has led in our view to an underutilization of funds available for economic developrient programes in the Libyan economy as well as directing a substantial proportion of national savings to consumption commc dities especially those of durable nature because of the lack of investement opportunities for small savers in particular who otherwise would have invested in the financial market (stocks and bonds)

This situation calls, in our opinion, for a culin steps of reform to be taken which can be summarized as follow:

The commercial barking sector

must be reorganized to take a more positive role in financing economie deurlopment projects and attracting more funds especia

lly from small savers. 2 The creation of a capital market

instuursents and institutions (stocks and bonds) which can provide a long term finance for invest ments which commercial banks

can not finance. 3. Mere emphasis must be given to

the Inancial aspects of economic development ie. together with lis. ting all the projects to be undertaken by an economic development plan a detailed study of fisancial resources for this plan should be introduced and clearly indicating the role of alternative sources of finance.
نموذج کمی مقترح لاستخدام بيانات التكاليف في تخطيط الأسعار على المستوى القومی
Authors: احمد هشام
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explain the principal role which is played by the Central Unit for planning and Public Enterprises in price determination on a na anal level basis. The modci used in thi. paper is a mathematical model suggest about fifteen years ago

This model is used uusacveral as sumptions. Some of these assumptions deal with the costing data available within the cconomic unit records, while other assumptions deal with some other data not available in the traditional accounting system. However, some of these assumptions could be eliminated through some more searching and inSolution

The suggested model could be empirically applied through some kind of

on using a Computer system

Note: For more details, please see the

full text of this article which is published in the Arabie section

this 195
قياس الطلب النهائي في الكويت
Authors: خليل بدوي
Published: January 2024

1 - Development of the final demand

end its compom in Kuwait dur

in the period (1970-1901). 2 - Forecast at the final demand and

Its comparts at yan (1904 & J ), and this years is selected as its normal extension to the period of study, and to avoid any lag pe ried from one side, and to avoid any external factors that may affect the estimation if there is along intervals between the cel

period which we study. 3- Construction of simple econometric

model for the demand in Kuwait, which we can wsing the

11 The period of study (1970-1971 showed that the values of final demand

are increasing, which the areal annual rate of Ince during the pe riad of study we final demand 1 )-Government final consumption expenditure (2016) - private finale

penditure (19 ) arvatent (26%) - exports (29%) importa

I would like to get out that they rage of anal rate of increase may not

represent the annual rate of growth for the final demand and is competens

tion to asit Influence of price level variation on the earrent prices, which may result that the increase is more

We con obrve that the next of ex

first priority between the components at the final demand during the period af study, and is lagi becse the KoWat economie depende production

In To Sare the value of final de mand and its components during the period 1884- L we see the first 15

er equation final demand

velcal-expects, and the second le neer equations government finale sumption expenditure-private final Ca p tion expenditure-import for the Ird during the period o

This since of the parts the seat yold that all persones Lience, and the R) a large for any equation, which gives us the confidence
The use of Computer in Accounting Courses
Authors: Bengharbin Salem
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article vnih published in the Arabic section of this issue is towfold; First, to review related literature concerning the using of computer assisted instructio. Second, to Suggest some "pplication of computer in the Accounting courses in our school.

Some suggestions - concering the

puter applications in Accounting courscz — are discussed by the article.
جدلية الديمقراطية والتنمية في افريقيا
Authors: المغيربي أ.د محمد زاهي بشير
Published: January 2024

The Literature on development and democracy was occupied in the last few decades by questions on the relationship between regime type and economic development. democratization conducive to economic development? Or could it be dysfunctional to development, at least in the short run? Are development countries in general, and Africa in particular, better off seeking development with authoritarian regimes? Or is the prospect of development indifferent to the authoritarian or democratic character of regimes?
This paper argues that the African situation is extremely complex because of the simultaneity of the issues of democratization and economic development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to view both values as dialectical moments amenable to a synthesis. This synthesis can be achieved through the democratization of development and the development of democracy. And that means that people become the agents of development and its goal and end at the same time. To achieve this people must have ultimate control of Public Policy.
Portfolio Behaviour of Scheduled Banksl in Pakistan: 1974-1994
Authors: Ali Khaled
Published: January 2024

يقدم هذا البحث محاولة لتفسير التغيرات نصف السنوية في المحفظة المالية للمصارف التجارية في الباكستان للفترة ما بين 1974-1994 وذلك بإستخدام نموذج العائد المخاطرة ( 

Mean-Variance Analysis) والذي قدمه (1935) Hicks وتم تطويره في كتابات (1952) Markowitz و (1958) Tobin وتبناه Parkin (1970) في دراسته علي المصارف التجارية ببريطانيا. النتائج بصفة عامة تشير إلى عدم تأثیر متغيرات العائد (أسعار الفائدة على إختيار بنود المحفظة المالية لهذه المصارف. بينما كان هناك تأثير للبنود الأخرى كالودائع ورأس المال والتي تمثل مصادر الأموال على عملية الإختيار. كما أظهر إختبار (1960) Chow عدم وجود إختلافات جوهرية بين الفترتين: ماقبل 1985 (بداية النظام اللاربوي) ومابعدها، أي 

لاتوجد إختلافات في عمليات المصارف خلال هاتين الفترتين.
The Managerial Values, and Their Relationship with Some Facrtors That Concern The Managers and Their Performanc : A Fileld Study on The Banks branches' Managers ( Benghazi)
Authors: Al-Mula Dr.abdulrahman , Younis Mr.Adel
Published: January 2024

The present study tride to highlight the managerial values footwork and their relatioship with some factors that concern the managers and their performance. It stems from the fact that values reprent one of the most important cultural facts that direct the human behavior and, consequeutly, its results.

Data was collected through a questionnair distributed to 26 managers who run the banks acting in Benghazi.

The study has resulted into the fact that the five value groups (according to buchholz classification ) are found characterizing the managers in rarious degrees of imþortance, Generally , they can be ranked as follows :

l .               The human values

The organizational values,

The job ethical values,

The group cooperative values, and

Rest and leisure time values.

The framework of these values has varied according to soum characteristics of managers. In addition , the nature of the relationship of these values with the managers performance has varied .
Series Studies in the International Relations The National Security
Authors: Massoud Dr.Abdalla
Published: January 2024

The national security is an important factor in the international relationsnbjects, though it is the most significat target of the foreign policy for any state. This Concept has been known clearly after the national state- notion, when it became a field of study after ww Il and used conclusively to contain various sides of local and abroud environments particulary when Robert Mecnamra put a new concept that goes beyond the military side to include many questions in the economic development and hence it corrolated with this development. The national Security is that a ction taken liy the stat within its own power to keep its unity and its benefits in the present and in the Future which takes the international changes into consideration.
The Instability of the Administrative structures and its Effect on The Health Policy in Libya 1977-2000
Authors: Mniena Mr.Abeer Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Different studies of public policies showed that these policies are influenced by the degree of the instability of the administrative structures and institutions. Public Policies studies on Libya arrived to the same conclusion where it was observed that the Libyan political system was characterized by the instability of most of its administrative and political structures and institutions with an adverse effect on the economic , social  and educational policies of the regime .

This study represents another attempt to trace the effect of structural instability on the monitoring and execution of health policies in Libya. during the period 1977-2000.

The study shows that this instability had a negative effect on the health policy in Libya. Some indicators were used to test this proposion.

These indicators include: financial allocations to health sector and the actual expenditure , human resources in health sector , and the infrastructures of health sector .

The study proves that all these aspects of health policy in Libya were influenced adversely by these administrative and political changes.
Popular Proverbs and Political Culture in Libya
Authors: Mami Mr>Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The literature on political culture shows that democratic practices and political participation depend Largely on the kind of political culture dominant in the society. It also shows that there is a correlation between democracy and participant political culture, while subject political culture and parochial political culture are associated with non —democratic practices and regimes. This paper represents an attempt to explore political culture in Libya aiming at discovering the effect of popular proverbs on its content. Through examining some of the popular proverbs dominant in the Libyan culture it is clear that these proverbs reflect the kind of attitudes associated with subject political culture, which is not conducive to political participation and democracy.
The Civil Society & Democracy The comparative analysis of the western and Arabic Polilical experiments
Authors: Murad Dr.Ali Abbas Murad
Published: January 2024

This study concentrate on the idea that "The State" is a modern form of political authority and that it is the outcome of interior factors that resulted from natural, unaffected and gradual coordination. This has happened in European countries ever since the Fifteenth Century. The most distinctive difference between "The State" and the previous forms of political authorities is the fact that the modern form of political authority relies on three essential factors: -l. Political institutions that are vocationally specialized, legal and enjoy full independence.2. The government is chosen and sponsored by the civilian who have the right to replace it periodically and peacefully.3. The responsibility of the government is to embody the will of the civilians, to secure their interests and fulfill their goals.These three factors cooperate together to create the democratic regime. Since this has been accomplished through the sacrifices of the civil society, it is likely to say that "The State" is the product of the civil society. Contrary to this, "The State" in the Arab countries is the product of exterior, artificial and inconsiderable factors.
الاحلال في القوى العاملة
Authors: الفيتوري د.عطيه المهدي
Published: January 2024

تقوم كثير من البلدان النامية بوضع خطط إقتصادية معينه وذلك للعمل علي إحلال العناصر الوطنية محل العناصر الأجنبية خاصة عندما تقطع شوطا لا بأس به في مجال التنمية الاقتصادية.وغالبا ما يقصد باحلال العناصر الوطنية محل العناصر الأجنبية تلك الوظائف الفنية ووظائف الإدارة العليا فالبلدان النامية تفتقر في أغلب الأحوال إلي الكوادر الفنية المدربة تدريبا عاليا وبالتالي تلجأ إلي الاستعانة بالخبرات الأجنبية في المجالات المختلفة في بداية المراحل الأولى لعملية التنمية الاقتصادية وما أن تقطع شوطا لا بأس به في مجال التنمية حتي تكون قادرة علي محاولة إسناد بعض التخصصات الفنية إلي العناصر الوطنية.
تبعة السلع المعيبة
Authors: جودانه د.بن عیسی , عرفة أ.أحمد
Published: January 2024

في الوقت الذي يلتقي فيه موضوع تبعة السلع المعيبة أهمية كبيرة في الدول الصناعية، فان هذا الاهتمام لا يكاد يذكر في الدول النامية، ولعل مما يزيد من وجوب الاهتمام بهذا الموضوع هو غياب المنتج الأجنبي للسلع المستوردة عن أسواق تلك الدول النامية. وهذا يضاعف من صعوبة مهام متابعة المسئولية عن الكثير من الجوانب المستوردة.لذا فان هذه المقالة ستنصب على الكيفية التي عولج بها هذا الموضوع، وأثر عن السوق والتبعات التي تنجم عن ذلك، وأخيرا محاولة اقتراح للخطوط العريضة لتحرك الدول النامية في اتجاه ضمان حقوق المستهلك. وفي الوقت الذي نساهم فيه بهذا المقال فإننا نقصد أيضا من ورائه اثاره المزيد من الحوار الأكاديمي للتوصل الي طرح الحلول لمشكلة شائعة كهذه في الدول النامية.
ملاحظات حول الانتاجية
Authors: العلي د.وجيه عبد الرسول
Published: January 2024

لقد حظي موضوع الإنتاجية اهتمام كبير، وهو يستحق كل هذا الاهتمام، نظرا لأن الانتاجية هي مقياس للكفاءة التي يتم بها تحويل الموارد البشرية وغير البشرية إلى منتجات أو خدمات قادرة على إشباع الحاجات الانسانية. ومن هذا المنطلق فأن التغيرات (Changes) التي تطرأ على مستويات الانتاجية يمكن أن يكون لها آثار جد عميقة على عدد من القضايا والأمور ذات الأهمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، مثل: معدل التنمية، ارتفاع مستوى المعيشة، تحسين ميزان المدفوعات، السيطرة على التضخم، وأوقات الرحة أو الفراغ.
وتهدف ورقة البحث الحالية إلى القاء الضوء على هذا الموضوع الهام من خلال مناقشة موجزة للنقاط التالية:

مفهوم الانتاجية.
قياس الانتاجية.
ديناميكية الانتاجية.
دلائل زيادة الانتاجية.
أهمية الانتاجية.
عوامل الانتاجية.
 دعائم تطور الانتاجية.
طبيعة إتخاذ القرارات الادارية ومنظوران متكاملان لفهمها
Authors: درة د. عبد الباري
Published: January 2024

تحظى عملية اتخاذ القرارات الادارية باهتمام كل من الدارسين والممارسين في الإدارة. أما الدارسون فنادرا ما نجد في دراساتهم التي تتناول أصول أو التنظيمات فصولا لا تتعرض بشكل أو آخر لأهمية وطبيعة اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية فيها، باعتبار تلك العملية اساسية فيها ذات طبيعة معقدة متشابكة اما ممارسو الادارة فيكادون يجمعون على أن اتخاذ القرارات الرشيدة مهارة اساسية من مهارات القائد الفعال ومن ناحية أخرى تحتاج عملية اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية إلى دراسات متعمقة لفهم طبيعتها، بال الاحاطة وجهات النظر المختلفة لها. وهذا ما يرمي اليه هذا البحث، إذا يحرص على تبيان طبيعة القرارات الادارية ومحاولة ايجاد قنطرة تصل بين منظورين لها، وهما المطور المعياري والمنظار الوصفي، وينطلق البحث من فرضيتين أساسيتين هما 1- أن عملية الاتخاذ القرارات عملية أساسية مستمرة، معقدة متشابكة، ومعيار أساسي من معاير فعالية القائد الاداري الناجح. والالمام بهده | الطبيعة متطلب أساسي من متطلبات فعالية المدير العربي.2- یکاد الباحث في أدبيات الإدارة أن يخرج منظورين يتناولان عملية اتخاذ القرارات الأساسية وهما المنظور المعماري الذي يتحدث عما لا يجب أن يكون، والمنظور المعياري الذي بصفة ما هو واقعه في عملية اتخاذ القرارات وثمة ميل بين الباحثين لتفضيل منظور على أن والاتجاه السليم لفهم العملية هو الاتجاه الذي يجمع به المنظورينأولا : طبيعة عملية اتخاذ القرارات الادارية :عملية اتخاذ القرارات الإدارية عملية أساسية في حياة أي تنظيم أو مؤسسة، فهي شغل المديرين الشاغل ومحور أساسي من محاور انشطتهم. وهي كعملية الاتصالات، تتغلغل في كل مظهر من مظاهر الأعمال الداخلية للمنظمات، فالمدير يتخذ قرارات كمية أو صعية (اساسية أو غير اساسية تتعلق بوظائف التحليل والسليم والمواليد والقيادة والرقابة ولألقاء مزيد من الضوء على هذه الوظائف وعلاقة اتخاذ القرارات بها فأننا نقول بأن التخطيط هو النشاط الاداري الذي يقوم على تحديد الأهداف والأعمال والأنشطة الواجب القيام بها لتحقيق تلك الأهداف وحصر المواد اللازمة لكل نوع من أنواع النشاط وحضر الموارد المتاحة للتنظيم، ورسم برامج العمل الفنية الموارد واستغلال المتاح منها ، كل ذلك في فترة زمنية حدده, أن على أي مدير يقوم بأي نشاط من هذه الأنشطة في التخطيط أن يتخذ قرارات بشكل مستمرةأما التنظيم فهو وظيفة انشاء الهيكل الكامل للمؤسسة أو الجهاز الإداري، وتحديد الأقسام الادارية المختلفة، واختصاصات تلك الأقسام وعلاقاتها المتداخلة، وتحديد خطوط الاتصال والمسؤولية والسلطة في الجهاز واتخاذ القرارات عملية اساسية في كل هذه الأنشطة في التنظيمأما التوظيف فيتضمن الأنشطة الفرعية التالية: تحديد الأهداف العامة للتنظيم والأعمال المحققة الأهداف، وكوصيف وتحليل تلك الوظائف والاستناد
Information content of Quarterly Earnings Announcements revisited
Authors: BENGHARBIA DR. SALEM
Published: January 2024

One major objective of earnings numbers is to provide decision-relevant information objective to users of financial statements that include, among other groups, capital market participants However, the debate over whether earnings reports contain useful information to these groups has been, and still is, a controversial issue. For instance, Ball and brown (1968) provided an early analysis of stock market response to published financial data. Their study supported the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and indicated that subsequent to earnings announcements, no abnormal return to securities in their sample could be made. A similar conclusion was also obtained by Benston (1973). He argued that studies relating published accounting statement data with stock prices lead to the conclusion that the data either are not useful or have been fully impounded in stock prices before they are published.
The State of Theory in International Politics
Authors: SHEMBESH Dr. ALI
Published: January 2024

This article discusses and examines the existence of a theory and/or theories of international politics. The discussion starts by defining the term theory and indicating the need for a theory. Furthermore, it Will state if there is a lack of such a theory. However, in the beginning I would rather mention the relationship between approach' and theory.With regard to the relationship between approach and theory in international politics one of the leading scholars in field has contended:"An approach to analysis is not a theory in any of the ordinary senses of that term. Epistemologically, however, approaches are antecedent to theory. That is, it is impossible to construct theoretical statements without employing an approach to analysis either explicitly or implicitly."
THEORETICAL ICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND THEORETICAL BACK SAND THEORETICAL BACKING FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Bakar Ass. Prof. Mustafa
Published: January 2024

The design of a research project starts with the choice of a topic and a paradigm (Creswell, 1994). Further, methods , methodology and theory of any research project should be all defined (Ryan et al., 2002, p.8; Summerfield and Eye, 2003; and Dale, 2004) 

The purpose of this article is to explain the assumptions underlying the paradigms suggested by Burrell and Morgan (1979), discusse the criteria for selecting a paradigm in general and to show that researchers' own values, theoretical assumptions , theoretical backing and research methods should be all related to each other and to the aim of the research and clearly defined.
Jordan Economy under the EU Association Agreem Implementations
Authors: Khlaf Dr. Bilal , Lyon Bob
Published: January 2024

There has been a shift in many countries since the early 1980s towards a greater reliance on the market mechanism. This of course reflects a recognition that interventionist politics are often not only inefficient, but also ineffective and counterproductive. A major policy issue facing many of the countries of the Mediterranean (Med) region is to follow the rest of the world in liberalizing, privatizing, and deregulating markets. Economic reform efforts undertaken by many countries of the region in the last decade have been gradual and piecemeal.
إيجاد النموذج العشوائي للتنبؤ بمعدل درجات الحرارة العظم المدينة بنغازي باستخدام أساليب التنبؤ الموسمي
Authors: طاهره د. فارس , العقيلي أ. عبدالرحمن
Published: January 2024

تسلك الكثير من الظواهر الطبيعية سلوك الموسمية في ظهورها وذلك يأتي من طبيعة سلوك المواسم الأربعة و بذلك فإن الكثير من السلاسل الزمنية تظهر بمظهر الموسمية وهي ظاهرة إعادة السلسلة لنفسها بعد فترة من الزمن تكون دائما متساوية، وهناك عدة طرق لمعالجة ونمذجة مثل هذا النوع من السلاسل الزمنية منها طريقة التحليل والتي تعتمد على النموذج الضربي أو النموذج الجمعي. أما الطريقة الثانية لمعالجة السلاسل الموسمية تسمى بطريقة ونتر الموسمية بثلاث معالم ،فيما تتمثل الطريقة الثالثة لمعالجة السلاسل الموسمية في طريقة بوکس جنكنز المضاعفة الموسمية والتي تعتمد على الانحدار ال والأوساط المتحركة الموسمية. ولذلك كان هدف هذا البحث هو إيضاح هذه الطرق الثلاثة للمعالجة الموسمية إيضاح هذه الطرق الثلاثة والحصول على أفضل النتائج في التنبؤات الموسمية من الطرق الثلاثة للتنبؤات بالمعدلات الشهرية الدرجات الحرارة العظمى لمدينة بنغازي وذلك لأهمية هذه الظاهرة في التأثير على الكثير من المجالات الصناعية والزراعية في الحياة البشرية . و تعد طريقة التحليل من أقدم طرق معالجة السلاسل الزمنية ، فقد اقترحت في أوائل القرن العشرين.
دراسة وتحليل دور المصرف الزراعي في تحفيز الاستثمار في التقنية الملائمة للبيئة الليبية
Authors: عبد الأمير الحسين د. سمير , ناصر حسین أ. جاسم
Published: January 2024

يعتبر الاستثمار في القطاع الزراعي من الانشطة المهمة، لكون الزراعة من الفعاليات الاقتصادية التي ويمكن الاستغناء عن منتجاتها مهما حدث من تطور تقني ، ولأنها المصدر الوحيد الذي يزود الإنسان والحيوان بالغذاء والمواد الأولية. وتتصف الزراعة بالمخاطرة واللايقين ، لتأثر النشاط الزراعي بالتغيرات البيئية التي تنعكس على الموارد الطبيعية من أرض ومياه و عوامل مناخية، وما يقترن بذلك من أمراض وآفات قد تصيب المنتجات الزراعية، وتؤدي إلى تدني الإنتاجية الزراعية . 

لقد ساهم التطور العلمي في توفير التقنية الإنتاجية التي تتناسب مع الظروف البيئية ، وبالتالي تقليل درجة التقلبات في الإنتاجية إلى حد كبير مع توفير بعض الوسائل التنظيمية والأساليب العلمية في الإنتاج الزراعي ، ويتطلب نقل هذه التقنيات المناسبة للظروف البيئية تفاعل المؤسسات التمويلية والعلمية والإرشادية ، وتزداد أهميتها بسبب محدودية الموارد الطبيعية من أرض ومياه مقابل الزيادة المستمرة في السكان ، واستنادا لذلك فإن تنمية الإنتاجية في الوحدة الزراعية تعتبر من الأولويات من أجل رفع العوائد والدخول ، ولكي يتسنى تمويل مستلزمات و التعويض عن تطوير أساليب الري والإنتاج وإدخال التقنية بما يتناسب مع معطيات البيئة المحلية ، ولهذا فإن بعض الباحثين يشير إلى أن تمويل إدخال التقنية في القطاع الزراعي عملية لا تتحمل التأجيل ، إذ كلما مر الوقت دون الإعداد للمرحلة القادمة تفاقمت مشاكل الإنتاج ، لان حضارة الموجة الثالثة تعتمد على التقدم التقني القائم على رفع الإنتاجية في جميع القطاعات الاقتصادية ، وباعتقادنا هناك ضرورة لإعطاء الأولوية للقطاع الزراعي في ذلك للمبررات المشار إليها . المحلية تحقيقا لهدف التعويض الواردات . 3- تحقيق عدالة التوزيع بين الحن والريف وصولا لتحقيق أهداف التنمر المستدامة.
المشاركة السياسية.. منظور تنموي
Authors: عباس مراره د. علي
Published: January 2024

تمهید.. 

منذ أن شهد القرن العشرين ظهور مجموعة الدول حديثة الاستقلال ، أو ما عرف ب (دول العالم الثالث) نسبة إلى نشأتها التاريخية اللاحقة لنشأة العالمين الأول (الرأسمالي) و الثاني (الاشتراكي)، منذ ذلك الحين و اوضاع هذه الدول وظروفها العامة والخاصة ، موضع عناية الساسة والأكاديميين واهتمامهم، داخل هذه الدول وخارجها، بقصد تحديد خصائصها، والكشف عن مشكلاتها ، والتعرف على أسباب تدني قدراتها ومنجزاتها جزئيا أو كليا، في المجالات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية و الثقافية والتقنية، مقارنة بمثيلاتها في الدول الرأسمالية الغربية. وفي سياق الجهود النظرية والعملية، لمقاربة مشكلات العالم الثالث والتعاطي معها، جاعت نشأة مفهوم التخلف) كصياغة اصطلاحية تعكس الطبيعة السلبية لتلك المشكلات وتعبر عنها، ثم شاع استخدامه كصفة سلبية الصيقة بالدول التي تعاني مثل هذه المشكلات ، لتظهر في الأدبيات السياسية مسميات مثل ( الدول المتخلفة) و ( المجتمعات المتخلفة). إلا أن مرور عقود عديدة تراكمت فيها نتائج تلك الجهود ، وتتابعت السياسات العلمية المتعلقة بها ،لم يأت معه بجديد . مشكلاتها و ايجاد الحلى از استدعى ذلك من hنا حاولت الدول المتخلفة تجاوز و ایجاد الحلول والمعالجات لها، على ذلك صياغة مفهوم " التنمية " اغة اصطلاحية تعكس الطبيعة والية لهذه المحاولات وتعبر عنها ، ثم و استخدامه أيضا كصفة إيجابية لصيقة الدول التي تحتاج إلى تلك المحاولات نقدها ، لتظهر في الأدبيات السياسية تنمية الدول النامية) ، وهي الصيغة المعدلة أو الملطفة للتسمية الأولى (الدول المتخلفة). ( إن أحد أهم سباب التخلف الشامل ، هو أزمة التخلف السياسي ، وأن جوهر التخلف السياسي ومصدره ، هو غياب المشاركة السياسية الشعبية ، أو شكليتها وانعدام فاعليتها . لذلك فإن حل أزمة المشاركة السياسية في البلدان المتخلفة ، هو الأساس لحل أزمة التخلف السياسي فيها ، وحل أزمة التخلف السياسي هو الأساس لحل أزمة التخلف الشامل في هذه البلدان ). ومن منظور ظاهرة التخلف الشامل، ونقيضها ظاهرة التنمية الشاملة، تقارب هذه الدراسة موضوعها (المشاركة السياسية الشعبية ) وتعالجها إنطلاقا من فرضية مفادها: وبعبارة أخرى ، إن تحقيق المشاركة السياسية وتفعيلها في البلدان المتخلفة ، هو شرط تحقيقها للتنمية الشاملة، وبذلك نكون أمام معادلتين تعبران عن علاقة إرتباطية واحدة بصورتين متعاكستين.
Analysis of activation of Lokbatan mud volcano
Authors:   Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Guliyev I.S. , Yetirmishli G.J. ,   Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan Republic, Kazimova S.E. ,   Republican Seismic Survey Center of Azerbaijan Republic
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the eruptions of Lokbatan mud volcano and its relationship with seismicity. The eruptions occurred in 2010, 2012, 2017 and 2022 are considered. According to the data of the new network of volcanic stations (12 s/st.), an intensification of volcanic activity was detected on August 11, 2022, which began several hours before the eruption. Due to the high resolution of the digital seismic equipment of Republican Seismic Survey Center of ANAS (RSSС), the phases, depths and energy released during the eruption were defined. In order to explain the relationship between mud volcanism and seismic activity, Kulikov's theory was considered and it was suggested that the geodynamic setting of the region under study, characterized by compression and extension, may be the reason for both eruptions and earthquakes before and after the eruption.
The impact estimation of structural transformations and mesures fowards advancement carried out in “Azerikimya” PU on energy and feedstock resources of steam cracking unit
Authors:   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Alkhasly E.A.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the detailed study and analysis of structural transformations and measures carried out at “Azerikimya” Production Union, as well as their impact on energy and feedstock resources of the steam cracking (pyrolysis) unit. As provided in the paper, the full information on the relation between technical and economic parameters of petrochemical products produced in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the performance of the steam cracker and the latter’s contribution to the yield of quality products builds upon in-depth studies and analyses. Besides, consideration is given to the necessity of structural transformations as a consequence of issues that occurred after the national petrochemical facilities had been incorporated into SOCAR. The article also highlights the importance of economic recovery in the industry that once secured an important place in the national economy, improving operational efficiencies of refining and petrochemical industries that run as a single process chain, building the state-of-the-art enterprise in line with the advanced global practice, as well as upgrading the management mechanism and structure in the petrochemical industry. It underscores the positive outcomes of the long-term national policy of sustainable development in the petrochemical industry, as well as a decisive role of an increasingly efficient future performance aimed at improving profitability and synergy across the company.
Study of thermal stability of monoalkyl (С8-С12) phenol formaldehydes functionalized with imidazolines based on fatty acids of palm oil and polyamines
Authors:   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Amiraslanova M.N. , Abdullayeva N.R. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Aliyeva N.M. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Aliyeva Sh.R. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Isayeva P.E. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Rustamov R.A. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic, Mammadzada F.A. ,   Institute for Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan Republic
Published: January 2024

The article provides information about thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of monoalkyl (C8-C12) phenolformaldehyde oligomers functionalized with imidazolines obtained at different molar ratios of polyethylenepolyamines and their low-boiling fractions – diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine with a mixture of fatty acids of palm oil. It was established that thermal stability of monoalkyl (C8-C12) FFO modified by imidazolins is higher than that of an unmodified oligomer. The multi-stage destruction of the synthesized nitrogen-containing oligomers is explained by their complex structure, and the article also describes possible decay processes in individual stages.
Lithofacial characteristics of the miocene sediments of the tarsdallar area
Authors:   “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” İnstitute of Azerbaijan Republic, Bakirova A.G.
Published: January 2024

In the article, the analysis of the lithofacies characteristics of the Miocene sediments of the Tarsdallar area was considered. For this purpose, a 3D geological model of Miocene-aged rocks was compiled using the Petrel program, based on the data obtained from the petrophysical and geophysical studies of wells in the Tarsdallar area. As a result, this model allowed spatial monitoring of the litholofacies changes of the Miocene sediments in the area. Thus, it was determined that the Tarkhan-Chokrak sediments consist mainly of clay-siltstone rocks, and in the central and southern parts, sandy-siltstone rocks, and the thickness increases from 177 to 442 m from northwest to southeast. Middle Miocene Konkh-Karagan sediments are followed by an increase in sandiness in the Northeast of the study area. The thickness ranges from 106 to 307 m. In the east, it was determined that the thickness increased. A sharp change in geological conditions and expansion of the basin occurred in the Sarmatian bed, the sedimentary complex with the largest thickness among these three layers of the Miocene division. The main part of reservoir rocks belongs to these sediments. Siltstones and sandstones dominate mainly in the central part of the structure. As can be seen from the texture, in the Miocene deposits, sandy-siltstone rock is mainly collected in the main parts of the structure.
Hydrgeoological characteristics of underground waters of the southwest slope of the Great Caucasus
Authors:   National Service of Geological Survey, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic, Salakhov S.Sh. , Salakhov Sh.S. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: January 2024

Southwest flank of the Great Caucasus is very difficult on tectonic, geomorphological, stratigraphic, lithological and to other features. Hydrogeological conditions of investigated region are very diverse. Underground waters are formed in separate structure. Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary sediments are involved in the geological structure of the study area. There are 5 anticline zones in the Acinohur structure, which includes 31 anticline rises. These anticlines are either independent wrinkles or combined at the axis of the wrinkle. They are Dashyuz, Kudbarakdag, Acinohur-Khoshavand, Kodjashen-Goychay and Garaja-Garamaryam.
Viscosity properties of material and its effect on the stress-strain state and vibrations of drilling pipes
Authors:   Oil and Gas University named after Safi Utebayev, Karimova A.S. , Mardanova L.O. ,   Oil and Gas University named after Safi Utebayev, Rahatova R.M. ,   Oil and Gas University named after Safi Utebayev
Published: January 2024

The paper deals with the problems of the dynamics of deformable systems, to which the oscillations of drill pipes related. The stress-strain state of drill string pipes significantly depends on the contact conditions with the external environment. The study of wave phenomena in the assembly of drill strings is associated by the solution of the problem of eliminating sticking – the loss of mobility of the pipe string in the well, which is not restored even when the maximum allowable static axial thrust is applied to the string. Along with it, the effect of the viscosity properties of the material on non-stationary vibrations of pipes is considered.
Transgression as a Way of Understanding the Boundaries of Types of Classes in the Educational Organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors:   Krasnodar University of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Kochkin Anton A.
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the issues concerning the boundaries of types of classes in the educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. On the one hand, there are canonical types of classes, such as lectures, seminars and practicals. On the other hand, the variety of methods, techniques and technologies used by teachers give rise to new types of classes (lecture-discussion, seminar-round table, training). This leads to two main consequences: firstly, to the creation of more such hybrids, which get canonized over time, and, secondly, to difficulties in distinguishing between the classes, since they, as a rule, are not generated within the framework of traditional educational technology and, as a result, acquire features of other, related types (thus, a lecture becomes more like a seminar, and vice versa). In this regard, researchers face certain challenges in determining the essence and boundaries of the established types of classes. Transgression as a philosophical category makes it clear that this is an inevitable phenomenon, since boundaries, acting as a separator of certain forms and phenomena, often acquire an optional function, the essence of which is that any conventional feature encourages one to overcome it. In other words, delimitation emphasizes the relationship between two or more formally unrelated phenomena, which is illustrated by transgression showing a dialectical correlation between the named types of classes. As a solution to this problem concerning the conventional boundaries of types of classes in higher education, the authors suggest using the term performative type, which, on the one hand, eliminates the need to differentiate between various types of classes and, on the other hand, describes the nature of the activity, which gravitates towards becoming a performative act through discourse.
Metaphorical Representation of the Image of US President Joe Biden in the English-Language Political Media Discourse
Authors:   Surgut State University, Malagin Danila V. , Kurbanov IbragimIbragim A.
Published: January 2024

This paper dwells on the metaphorical representation of the image of the current US president, Joe Biden, in contemporary English-language political media discourse. The study aimed to describe and systematize the metaphorical models of Biden’s current media image as well as explicate its perception reflected in the national worldview of the native speakers of English. The article considers conceptual metaphor as one of the main image-creating tools in media texts having considerable pragmatic potential. A variety of scientific methods were used in the research: continuous sampling to select texts published from Biden’s inauguration to the present day; cognitive discursive interpretation of metaphorical models to describe their frame structure; component analysis to identify the source domain of the metaphorical expansion of some concepts and their contents (pragmatic meanings); classification method to systematize the models and their representations. The research results show a dominance of the metaphorical models that engender a negative image of the 46th US president in contemporary English-language media. These models actualize the negative signs of being too old, aggressive and unfit for ruling, as well as intellectual decay and some other negative traits of his image, which demonstrates a clear dislike of Biden in the English-language political media discourse and can indirectly cause corresponding reactions and attitudes towards him in society. The comparison of the subspheres of metaphorical expansion showed that the source domain Society has the highest productivity and a slight positive potential. This domain’s representations demonstrate an attempt at a positive conceptualization of Biden’s personality in American discourse. Furthermore, comparing the subspheres of metaphorization contributes to a better understanding of conceptual metaphor functions and common tendencies towards metaphorical representation of a political figure in mass media discourse.