bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Study of Vietnam Fire and Disaster Prevention Agency Improvement Project through ODA Project II
Authors: Park Jun-Yang , Han Yong-Taek
Published: November 2021

In this report, the results of the selection of firefighting vehicles based on the “Feasibility Study of Vietnam Fire and Disaster Prevention Agency Improvement Project through ODA Project I” are summarized. Population, jurisdictional area, and population density were analyzed in 58 provinces and in terms of fire response. The evidence of the age of firefighting vehicles, the number of firefighting targets, and the trend of reinforcement of firefighting vehicles over the past four years was identified. Because Vietnam is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization at the same time, firefighting conditions are changing quickly, and the demand for firefighting is expected to increase rapidly. Such an ODA support project can contribute to improving the supply ratio of firefighting vehicles in Vietnam and reducing damage to life and property resulting from fire. In the long term, the improvement of safety in the field of firefighting and disaster prevention is expected to contribute to the stable growth of the economy of Vietnam, which is undergoing rapid development. As the basis for selection to support firefighting vehicles, the total number of firefighting vehicles in Vietnam was determined based on area, population, population density, number of firefighting vehicles in each region, degree of deterioration, number of firefighting targets by region, and reinforcement performance of firefighting vehicles in each region for the past four years. It was possible to obtain the results for pump trucks, ladder trucks, and wreckers in 12 areas in 58 provinces.
Study on Gas-Generating Property of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Joon-Hyuk , Hong Sung-Ho , Lee Heung-Su , Park Moon-Woo
Published: November 2021

A main cause of fires and explosions in lithium-ion batteries is the generation of combustible gases by them, and when a large number of batteries are densely packed, like in an Energy Storage System, there is a high risk of thermal runaway and fire propagation. Currently, many studies are being conducted worldwide to predict and prevent the generation of combustible gases, and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, but they are still in progress. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the gases generated before and after thermal runaway in lithium ion batteries, to prepare a basis for reducing the risk of thermal runaway. We aimed to establish the basis for prevention by early detection in the event of thermal runaway, by understanding the type and characteristics of the generated gases. For the experiment, lithium ion batteries were classified in terms of appearance (cylindrical, prismatic, pouch type), and cathode materials (NCM, NCA, LFP). The gases generated was measured against time. An FT-IR analyzer was used for gas measurement, and a separate hydrogen sensor was installed in the chamber to analyze changes in the types of gas, and measure the mass of the lithium ion battery over time. In the experiment, CO2 and CO were generated the most during thermal runaway in all lithium-ion batteries. Thereafter, CO2 increased, and CO decreased in the prismatic and pouch types, and both CO2 and CO increased in the cylindrical type. HF (a toxic gas), and H2 having a wide explosive range, were also generated, and the concentrations of these gases were inversely proportional to each other.
Effect of Short Term Resistance and Endurance Exercise Training on Resting Heart Rate and Inflammatory Marker in Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bishnoi Shivam , Srivastavaâ€ Neena , Tiwari Sunita , Ghildiyal Archana , Ali Wahid , Banerjee Monisha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In a normal healthy adult, sympathetic and parasympathetic system should be in synergy. Measuring resting heart rate is a one of the methods to assess health condition. It can be affected by different factors such as exercise, mental health, any disease, etc. Normal subjects with reduced heart rate are associated with better cardiovascular health. Physical inactivity is associated with high level of inflammatory markers. Increased inflammatory markers are related to inflammation and chronic diseases. The C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammatory diseases. High CRP level is a potent risk factor for obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, etc. Aim: To study the effect of short term resistance and endurance exercise training on resting heart rate in healthy young adults, CRP, Body Mass Index (BMI) and also to compare the changes between two exercise groups. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to May 2020 in the Department of Physiology at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 60 healthy young adults with normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and age between 18-25 years. Subjects were equally divided into Group I- Resistance exercise and Group II endurance groups. Subjects did moderate intensity exercise (based on maximum heart rate) for five days in a week for eight weeks. Endurance group did jogging. Resistance group did push-up, pull-up and squats. Target heart rate during moderate intensity of activities was 64-76% of maximum heart rate. Heart rate measurement was done before the start of exercise and after five to seven minutes of exercise when it reached 64-76% of maximum heart rate. It was measured by pulse oximeter. Follow-up was done after eight weeks of exercise training in both the groups. Evaluation was done by comparing resting heart rate and CRP level before the start of training and after the completion of training programme. Statistical analysis was done using student t-test and paired t-test. Results: Mean age of subjects of group I was found to be higher (19.98±1.26 years) as compared to group II (19.97±0.98 years). Mean pre intervention BMI of both the groups was found to be similar (21.97±1.78 kg/m2). No statistically significant change in resting heart rate was found in both resistance group (p=0.096) and endurance group (p=0.326) after exercise training. Statistically significant increase in CRP was found in resistance group (p<0.001) and endurance group (p<0.001). The increment in CRP was more in endurance group (55.04%) than resistance group (35.34%). Conclusion: Short duration of exercises increase inflammation but no significant effect on resting heart rate was seen.
Folliculosebaceous Cystic Hamartoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Kishore Manjari , Kumar Avinash , Devdhar Sarita , Choudhury Monisha
Published: November 2021

Folliculosebaceous Cystic Hamartoma (FSCH) is an uncommon cutaneous hamartomatous lesion. It is basically a tumour like malformations exhibiting abnormal overgrowth of biphasic elements i.e., epithelial and mesenchymal components that are normally found in the skin. Few other hamartomas of pilosebaceous origin are trichofolliculoma, trichodiscoma, fibrofolliculoma and pilar sheath acanthoma. Though distinct, this entity shares similar histological features to Sebaceous Trichofolliculoma (STF). Hence, a proper histological examination is must in differentiating it from STF and other clinical and histological entities. Authors hereby, describes a case of FSCH in a 37-year-old male who presented with a slow growing cystic mass on his left earlobe, an uncommon location for such lesion. The mass was excised, and a detailed histological evaluation showed a characteristic multinodular growth pattern with lobules of pilosebaceous glands forming nodules around cystically dilated follicular infundibular structures. No hair shafts were seen in the cystic cavity ruling out differential diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia which could have been a close mimic. The intervening stroma revealed dense collagen, sheets and lobules of adipocytes, many vascular channels filled with fibrinous deposits. Perivascular adipocytes were also noted along with few nerve tissues (perineurium). A detailed clinicopathological work-up helped in arriving at a final diagnosis of FSCH with neural component. The patient was doing well till last six months of follow-up. No recurrence of similar lesion was noted in the patient.
Guiding Antimicrobial Therapy using Gram Stain in Patients with Ventilator Associated Pneumonia- An Effective Preliminary Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Thass Nivedita , Singh Shweta , Saxena Sonal , Kaur Ravinder
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Empirical antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of antimicrobial stewardship. The gram stain can be used to guide initial empiric antimicrobial therapy in cases where culture report is not available. This rapid test can therefore be helpful in preventing the initiation of inappropriate therapy and its adverse outcomes. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of gram stain of tracheal aspirate samples in order to predict the causative microorganism and starting appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done for 208 tracheal aspirate samples that were sent to Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India, with a request for bacterial culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) from January 2019 to June 2019. Each sample was inoculated on 5% Sheep blood agar, Chocolate agar and MacConkey agar followed by gram stain preparation and smears. The culture plates were checked after 24 hours for any bacterial growth and further identification was done by gram stain, motility and biochemical tests. The AST was performed as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019 guidelines. All data entry was done on MS excel software and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: Out of total 208 samples significant gram stain findings were seen in 90 cases (43.2%). Out of 208 samples 132 (63.5%) cases grew significant pathogens on culture. Out of these 90 cases, 68 (75.5%) of gram stain finding matched with culture results. The correlation between gram stain and culture was found to be 75.5%. Conclusion: Gram stain is not only a quick and cost-effective method but also easily available in most laboratories and is highly reproducible. Gram stain, a rapid diagnostic tool, can thus be very useful in antimicrobial stewardship especially for the critically ill patients.
Effect of Seed Priming with Micro-Nutrients, Botanicals on Seedling Characteristics of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Var. Paiyur 2
Authors: Kumar Paidipati Nagakethan , Dayal Abhinav , Rai Prashant Kumar
Published: November 2021

The experiment was conducted in Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) during kharif season 2019-2021, so as to standardize the acceptable seed treatments for sorghum (Paiyur-2).Different seed priming treatments were taken into the study viz., were evaluated T1 – Zinc Sulphate @ 0.5% up to 3hours, T2 – Zinc Sulfate@1% at 4 hours, T3 – Zinc Sulfate@1.5% at 6 hours, T4 – Thiourea @ 0.5% at 3 hours, T5 – Thiourea @ 1% at 4 hours, T6 – Thiourea @ 1.5% at 6 hours, T7 – KNO3@ 0.5% at 3 hours, T8 – KNO3 @ 1% at 4 hours, T9 – KNO3 @ 1.5% at 6 hours, T10 – Moringa Leaf extract @ 3% at 8 hours, T11 – Neem leaf extract @ 3% at 8 hours, T12 – Thiourea @0.5% with Zinc Sulphate(ZnSo4) @ 0.5% at 6 hours. During this study it had been found that maximum germination percent, seedling length and vigour attributes was observed when seed treated with T10- Moringa leaf extract @ 3% followed by T9 – KNO3 @ 1.5% and minimum observed in Control (Untreated seed). Seed treatment with Moringa leaf extract @ 3% enhances germination on seedling characters and it is a simple method and no requirement for expensive equipment and chemical might be used for overcoming challenges associated with a poor germination and seedling establishment.
Effect of Crop Geometry and Nutrient Management Approaches on Soil Properties and Availability of Nutrients under Transplanted Finger Millet
Authors: Aliveni A. , Venkateswarlu B. , Rekha M. Sree , Prasad P. R. K. , Jayalalitha K.
Published: November 2021

The present investigation was conducted for two consecutive years with the objective to know various crop geometries and nutrient management approaches on soil chemical properties at Agricultural college farm, Bapatla. The experimental design was split plot with three replications. The present study comprised of three crop geometries with different age of seedlings (30x10 cm with 30 days old seedlings, 30x30 cm with 15 days old seedlings and 45x45 cm with 15 days old seedlings) and seven nutrient management practices (S0: absolute control, S1: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + application of dravajeevamrutham, S2: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + application of  dravajeevamrutham along with wooden log treatment, S3: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 100% RDF, S4: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 100% RDF along with wooden log treatment, S5: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF, S6: FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF along with wooden log treatment in subplots were given to kharif finger millet. integrated application of FYM @ 10 tonnes ha-1 + 125% RDF along with wooden log treatment (S6) resulted in higher organic carbon and nutrient status of the soil and reduced C:N ratio of the soil significantly though other soil properties were non significant due to various crop geometries and nutrient management treatments.
Effect of Different Nutrient Management Practices on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Transplanted Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Yadav Manish , Jadav N. J. , Kumar Dileep , Raval C. H. , Chaudhari Drashti , Chaudhary Nisha
Published: November 2021

The Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertility management on growth, yield attributes and yield of pearlmillet in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and four replications during summer, 2019 at Anand, Gujarat. The experiment comprises of different nutrient management practices including 100% and 75% RDF with 15 t and 10 t FYM along with Bio NP consortia. A significant higher growth and yield parameters enhancement with the application of 100% RDF + 15 t FYM ha-1 + Bio NP Consortia was recorded in plant height, number of tillers, length of ear head, protein content and biological yield. The treatment T5 produced maximum (91.5 q ha-1) biological yield and statistically it was on par with T9 and T5. However, the lowest biomass production (73.0 q ha-1) was reported in treatment T1. Results of different nutrient management practices on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, ear head girth and test weight were found non-significant.  Protein content of pearlmillet was increased from 7.5% to 9.06% under different nutrient management practices.
Establishing Information Seeking Behavior on Access to Digital Resources by Students with Visual Impairment: A Case Study of Nairobi University Library Services, Kenya
Authors: K. Priscah Cheptoo , I. D. Shem Khamadi , Jane Maina
Published: November 2021

Information is power, very important and valuable commodity in everyday human activity as evidenced with the current digital divide that equal access to information is essential to the development of information society which also applies to people with disability. The aim of the study was to establish the information seeking behavior of visually impaired (VI) students at University of Nairobi library services. The total population of the study comprised of two units of analysis which were 32 visually impaired students and 6 librarians in charge of the visually impaired students. The study carried out a survey by means of questionnaires. The study employed Wilson’s (1999) theory of information behavior model which provided a framework in mapping the student’s information patterns. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft excel 2016 were used to analyze the data. The response rate was 78.95% from all the units of analysis. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents 72% were female. The findings further revealed that most Visually impaired students were getting assistance from a sighted person or by use of computers, speech synthesizers, screen readers, brail prints, and audio books. A smaller number of the respondents (2.44%) used mobile app called tap tap. The study indicated that majority 68.3% of the Visually impaired students relied on aiding tools.
The Importance of Molecular Testing for the Diagnosis of Fabry Disease Manifested by Cornea Verticillata Only
Authors: Hora Aécio Cunha , Miguel Thiago Sande , Rossett Tais Cristina , Roisman Victor , Costa Daniel Almeida da
Published: November 2021

Aims: To describe a Fabry disease, that it’s diagnosis was only possible through the molecular test

Presentation of Case: L.A.P. female, 42 years old, lawyer, seen by the ophthalmology department for routine consultation only with refractive complaints. Fundus of the eye: Mild narrowing with increased vascular brightness and presence of pathological arteriovenous crossings. The rest of the exam was within normal limits.

Therefore, a genetic test with the dosage of the α-Gal enzyme was requested, which evidenced the alteration in it, confirming the diagnosis of Fabry disease.

Discussion: A Fabry Disease (FD) is an inborn error of glycosphingolipid (GL) metabolism, resulting from deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α -Gal). It has X-chromosome-linked inheritance, affecting mainly males, with an estimated prevalence of 1:40,000 males. The expression of the disease in heterozygous female patients can vary from an asymptomatic condition to a severe systemic disease, like that which occurs in men.

Conclusions: The ophthalmological examination played an important role in the diagnosis, as this change is highly suggestive of the disease, in order to avoid erroneous and late diagnoses that can cause consequences for patients with this condition.
Prehistoric communities of the River Dee
Authors: Wickham-Jones Caroline , Bates Richard , Cameron Alison , Clarke Ann , Collinson Diane , Duthie Sheila , Kinnaird Tim , Noble Gordon , Ross Irvine , Sabnis Heather , Tipping Richard
Published: November 2021

This volume presents the results of archaeological fieldwork undertaken along the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland, by the Mesolithic Deeside voluntary community archaeology group between 2017 and 2019. A total of 42 fields were investigated, from which over 11,000 lithics were recovered, representing at least 15 archaeological sites and a span of human activity covering some 10,000 years from around 12,000 BC to c 2000 BC. Finds from the Late Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age were present. Work comprised fieldwalking, test pitting, specialist analysis, and small-scale excavation. The investigation described here is significant not just for the light it throws on the early prehistoric populations along the River Dee but also for the methodology by which investigation was undertaken, as this provides a potential model for work in other areas. Both aspects are covered in the report.

The River Dee flows between postglacial gravel and sand terraces, the structure of which has played an important role for the early settlers of the area, and this is covered in some detail in order to provide the physical background framework for the sites. There are also sections on more specialised geophysical and geoscience techniques where these were undertaken, together with a summary of research on the palaeoenvironmental conditions throughout the millennia of prehistory. The artefactual evidence comprises lithic assemblages which were all catalogued as fieldwork progressed; the contents of each site are presented, together with more detailed analysis of the finds from test pitted sites. Finally, given the rich archaeological record from the area, the results of the present project are set into the wider context of the evidence for prehistoric settlement along the river, and there is consideration of future directions for further fieldwork.

While all authors have contributed to the whole volume, individual sections that present specialist work by specific teams have been attributed. The distribution maps and GIS are the work of Irvine Ross.

Dates given are calibrated BC dates. The Nethermills Farm NM4 dates are calibrated using the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit calibration program OxCal 4 (Bronk Ramsey 2009) and their date ranges are calibrated using the IntCal13 atmospheric calibration curve (Reimer et al 2013). Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) was used to profile sediment accumulations on some of the sites and obtain information relating to site formation, but it was not used for dating in any of the projects.
Functional Ecology of Vascular Epiphytes
Authors: Zotz Gerhard , Hietz Peter , Einzmann Helena J. R.
Published: November 2021

The epiphytic life form characterizes almost 10% of all vascular plants. Defined by their mechanical dependence throughout their life and their non‐parasitic relationship with the host, the term epiphyte describes a very heterogenous and taxonomically diverse group of plants. This article explores the functional ecology of this group, acknowledging from the start that our current knowledge is highly biased, e.g. with a strong focus on particular families like bromeliads or orchids. This bias goes along with a number of problematic and weakly founded generalizations in the literature. Our article covers a set of particularly important aspects of epiphyte ecology, e.g. germination, water and nutrient relationships, and biomechanical aspects of the epiphyte‐host relationship. Throughout our article, we describe ways for future research projects to reach a more comprehensive and representative understanding of the biological responses to the varying challenges of the arboreal habitat, and emphasize that the study of epiphytes should not only be of interest to the narrow expert: a comparison of the functional ecology of epiphytes and ground‐rooted terrestrials offers unique perspectives to understanding both evolutionary and ecological, phenotypic responses to the diverse habitats of vascular plants in general.
Progress and Prospects of Concurrent or Combined Stress Studies in Plants
Authors: Mahalingam Ramamurthy , Pandey Prachi , Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa
Published: November 2021

Plants growing under field conditions are often exposed to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses occurring simultaneously or sequentially. Biotic stressors often interact with abiotic stressors at the plant interphase, which makes the impact of their combination on plants remarkably variable, though differing with order and intensity of stresses, as well as plant species and pathotypes. In this article, we examine the major abiotic stress combinations, as well as abiotic‐biotic stress combinations, and physiological and molecular responses of plants to these combined stresses. Utilizing the available literature, information on the phenomic and transcriptomic response of plants to the combined abiotic and biotic stresses, and the cross‐talk during signalling is reviewed. A succinct discussion on the scope and application of combined abiotic and biotic stress studies highlighting major gaps and novel avenues for further research is articulated.
A Bioprinted Tubular Intestine Model Using a Colon‐Specific Extracellular Matrix Bioink
Authors: Han Hohyeon , Park Yejin , Choi Yoo‐mi , Yong Uijung , Kang Byeongmin , Shin Woojung , Min Soyoun , Kim Hyun Jung , Jang Jinah
Published: November 2021

Tremendous advances have been made toward accurate recapitulation of the human intestinal system in vitro to understand its developmental process, and disease progression. However, current in vitro models are often confined to 2D or 2.5D microarchitectures, which is difficult to mimic the systemic level of complexity of the native tissue. To overcome this problem, physiologically relevant intestinal models are developed with a 3D hollow tubular structure using 3D bioprinting strategy. A tissue‐specific biomaterial, colon‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (Colon dECM) is developed and it provides significant maturation‐guiding potential to human intestinal cells. To fabricate a perfusable tubular model, a simultaneous printing process of multiple materials through concentrically assembled nozzles is developed and a light‐activated Colon dECM bioink is employed by supplementing with ruthenium/sodium persulfate as a photoinitiator. The bioprinted intestinal tissue models show spontaneous 3D morphogenesis of the human intestinal epithelium without any external stimuli. In consequence, the printed cells form multicellular aggregates and cysts and then differentiate into several types of enterocytes, building junctional networks. This system can serve as a platform to evaluate the effects of potential drug‐induced toxicity on the human intestinal tissue and create a coculture model with commensal microbes and immune cells for future therapeutics.
Challenges and Strategies towards Practically Feasible Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoon Kyungho , Lee Sunyoung , Oh Kyungbae , Kang Kisuk
Published: November 2021

Remarkable improvement of the ionic conductivity of inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) exceeding 10 mS cm−1 at room temperature has opened up the opportunities to realize the commercialization of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). The transition to the intrinsically inflammable SEs also promises that SSBs would successfully utilize lithium metal anode thus achieving the high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries without the risk of a safety hazard. However, the practical operation of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) still faces the challenges of the poor cycle stability and the low energy efficiency, which are coupled with the interface stability and even with the dendrite growth of lithium metal. This article overviews current understandings regarding the underlying origins of the issues in employing the lithium metal anode in SSLMBs from the five main standpoints: i) the chemical/electrochemical interfacial stability, ii) the microscopic evolution of interfacial morphology, iii) the intrinsic diffusivity of lithium atom/vacancy at the interface, iv) imperfections (defect/pores), and v) non‐negligible electronic conductivity of SEs. The discussions are followed on the state‐of‐the‐art efforts and strategies to overcome these respective challenges. Finally, the authors provide their perspectives for the future research directions toward achieving the commercial level of high‐energy SSLMBs.
Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence and Trap Reshuffling in Mn4+ Doped Alkali‐Earth Metal Tungstates
Authors: Du Jiaren , Li Kai , Van Deun Rik , Poelman Dirk , Lin Hengwei
Published: November 2021

Near‐infrared persistent luminescent materials have great potential for in vivo bioimaging and night‐vision surveillance due to their long‐lasting autofluorescence‐free emission through deep tissues and multicycle photostimulated luminescence by releasing energy from captured traps using high‐intensity 808 or 980 nm lasers. However, phosphors combining both near‐infrared persistent luminescence and photostimulated luminescence are found mostly in chromium doped gallates hosts, other emitters are rarely reported. Herein, a new material system with near‐infrared persistent luminescence is achieved in tetravalent manganese doped double‐perovskite alkali‐earth metal tungstates via the aliovalent substitution of calcium ions with lanthanum ions. Persistent luminescence can be generated via X‐ray irradiation, providing great promise in long‐term deep‐tissue ultrasensitive imaging, information storage, and X‐ray detection. Photostimulated detrapping is successfully demonstrated using a common 420 nm light emitting diode instead of a high‐intensity 808 or 980 nm laser. The traps distribution is proved to be reshuffled upon this laser‐free visible light stimulation. Reshuffling of trap distributions upon visible light stimulation may be promising for optical information storage applications. This work is expected to broaden the range of near‐infrared persistent material systems and provides new insights into manipulating photostimulated traps via laser‐free light stimulation.
The KRAB Domain‐Containing Protein ZFP961 Represses Adipose Thermogenesis and Energy Expenditure through Interaction with PPARα
Authors: Huang Lei , Liu Pengpeng , Yang Qiyuan , Wang Yong‐Xu
Published: November 2021

Adipose thermogenesis plays a pivotal role in whole‐body metabolic homeostasis. Although transcriptional mechanisms that promote thermogenesis are extensively studied, the negative regulatory network is still poorly understood. Here, a Krüppel‐associated box (KRAB) domain‐containing zinc finger protein, ZFP961, as a potent repressor of the thermogenic program is identified. ZFP961 expression is induced by cold and β3‐adrenergic agonist in adipose tissue. ZFP961 represses brown fat‐selective gene expression and mitochondrial respiration without any effect on general adipogenesis in cultured adipocytes. Adipose‐specific knockdown and overexpression of ZFP961 produce remarkable and opposite phenotypes of white fat remodeling. ZFP961 knockout mice display robust inguinal white adipose tissue browning, which is abolished by reexpression of full‐length ZFP961, but not by KRAB domain‐deleted ZFP961 mutant. ZFP961‐deficient mice are cold tolerant and resistant to high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis. ZFP961 suppresses thermogenic gene expression by directly interacting with PPARα and blocking its transcriptional activity, which can be completely negated by the PPARα agonist. The findings uncover ZFP961 as a critical physiological brake that limits adipose thermogenesis and provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms that maintain energy balance and tissue homeostasis.
Low‐Barrier, Dendrite‐Free, and Stable Na Plating/Stripping Enabled by Gradient Sodiophilic Carbon Skeleton
Authors: Yue Liang , Qi Yuruo , Niu Yubin , Bao Shujuan , Xu Maowen
Published: November 2021

Na metal anodes have attracted widespread attention due to their ultrahigh specific capacity, low redox potential as well as the huge abundance and ubiquitous distribution of sodium resources. However, the practical application of Na metal anodes is largely hindered by their poor cycling stability and safety issues, mainly caused by the uneven deposition and terrible dendrite growth of metallic Na. To regulate the Na deposition behavior and direct uniform plating, herein, a “gradient sodiophilic” carbon skeleton prompted by the difference in the disorder degree and defect concentration is proposed. These extraordinary features render the as‐proposed structure a promising accommodation for metallic Na, with a low nucleation overpotential of only 11.1 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and a small polarization voltage of 12 mV at 5 mA cm–2 in symmetric batteries. Impressively, the resultant structure reveals outstanding advantages in suppressing Na dendrites and thus enables a dendrite‐free Na metal anode. The findings gained in this work provide solutions to construct stable and dendrite‐free Na metal anodes through tailoring the Na deposition behavior.
Enabling 4C Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Coating Graphite with a Solid‐State Electrolyte
Authors: Kazyak Eric , Chen Kuan‐Hung , Chen Yuxin , Cho Tae H. , Dasgupta Neil P.
Published: November 2021

Enabling fast‐charging (≥4C) of lithium‐ion batteries is an important challenge to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles. However, the desire to maximize energy density has driven the use of increasingly thick electrodes, which hinders rate capability. Herein, atomic layer deposition is used to coat a single‐ion conducting solid electrolyte (Li3BO3‐Li2CO3) onto postcalendered graphite electrodes, forming an artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). When compared to uncoated control electrodes, the solid electrolyte coating: 1) eliminates natural SEI formation during preconditioning; 2) decreases interphase impedance by >75% compared to the natural SEI; and 3) extends cycle life under 4C charging conditions, enabling retention of 80% capacity after 500 cycles (compared to 12 cycles in the uncoated control) in pouch cells with >3 mAh cm−2 loading. This work demonstrates that 4C charging without Li plating can be achieved through purely interfacial modification without sacrificing energy density and sheds new light on the role of the SEI in Li plating and fast‐charge performance.
Employment status, unemployment duration, and health‐related metrics among US adults of prime working age: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2018–2019
Authors: Silver Sharon R. , Li Jia , Quay Brian
Published: November 2021

Background

While unemployment has been associated with poor health, few recent studies in the United States have comprehensively assessed associations between employment status (including duration unemployed) and healthcare access, health‐related behaviors, and specific health outcomes.

Methods

We assessed health‐related metrics by employment status in 2018–2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents ages 25–54. We calculated the unadjusted prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios to compare employed workers to respondents who were self‐employed, short‐term (<12 months) unemployed, long‐term unemployed, and unable to work.

Results

Adverse health outcomes increased with unemployment duration and were highest for those unable to work. Non‐Hispanic Blacks were most likely to be unemployed or unable to work. Short‐term unemployment and self‐employment were associated with poor healthcare access. Health behaviors and outcomes declined with increasing duration of unemployment and were worst for those unable to work.

Conclusions

In the United States, access to affordable healthcare is problematic for both the self‐employed and the short‐term unemployed. Short‐term unemployment is a particularly important locus for intervention and provision of resources to prevent health declines that may hinder re‐employment.
A Facile Route to Pyrazolo[1,2‐a]cinnoline via Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed Annulation of Pyrazolidinoes and Iodonium Ylides
Authors: Yang Zi , Zhou Yi , Li Haigang , Lei Jieni , Bing Pingping , He Binsheng , Li Yaqian
Published: November 2021

A rhodium(III)‐catalysed cascade C−H bond activation/intramolecular cyclization of pyrazolidiones with iodonium ylide has been described, leading to the formation of various pyrazolo[1,2‐a]cinnolines. Herein, iodonium ylide serves as a carbene precursor. This protocol exhibits good regioselectivity and high functional group tolerability under mild reaction conditions.
Two‐Dimensional MXene‐Polymer Heterostructure with Ordered In‐Plane Mesochannels for High‐Performance Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Li Qian , Xu Xingtao , Guo Jingru , Hill Jonathan P. , Xu Haishan , Xiang Luoxing , Li Chen , Yamauchi Yusuke , Mai Yiyong
Published: November 2021

The application of traditional electrode materials for high‐performance capacitive deionization (CDI) has been persistently limited by their low charge‐storage capacities, excessive co‐ion expulsion and slow salt removal rates. Here we report a bottom‐up approach to the preparation of a two‐dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene‐polydopamine heterostructure having ordered in‐plane mesochannels (denoted as mPDA/MXene). Interfacial self‐assembly of mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) monolayers on MXene nanosheets leads to the mPDA/MXene heterostructure, which exhibits several unique features: (1) MXene undergoes reversible ion intercalation/deintercalation and possesses high conductivity; (2) mPDA layers establish redox capacitive characteristics and Na+ selectivity, and also help to prevent self‐stacking and oxidation of MXene; (3) in‐plane mesochannels enable the smooth transport of ions at the internal spaces of this stacked 2D material. When applied as an electrode material for CDI, mPDA/MXene nanosheets exhibit top‐level CDI performance and cycling stability compared to those of the so far reported 2D materials. Our study opens an avenue for the rational construction of MXene‐organic hybrid heterostructures, and further motivates the development of high‐performance CDI electrode materials.
Klinische Entwicklung von Metallkomplexen als Photosensibilisatoren für die photodynamische Therapie von Krebs
Authors: Karges Johannes
Published: November 2021

Krebs hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer der häufigsten krankheitsbedingten Todesursachen der Welt entwickelt. Neben den am häufigsten angewendeten Techniken (Chirurgie, Immuntherapie, Strahlentherapie oder Chemotherapie) wird der photodynamischen Therapie zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der klinisch eingesetzten Photosensibilisatoren ist jedoch nicht ideal und weist mehrere Einschränkungen auf, darunter schlechte Wasserlöslichkeit, schlechte Photostabilität und langsame Ausscheidung aus dem Körper, was zu Photosensibilität führt. In dem Bemühen, diese Nachteile zu überwinden, wird der Einbindung eines Metallions viel Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird die klinische Entwicklung von metallhaltigen Verbindungen wie Purlytin®, Lutrin®/Antrin®, Photosens®, TOOKAD® soluble oder TLD‐1433 kritisch diskutiert.
Ein unsymmetrisches, cyclisches Diboren basierend auf einem chelatisierenden CAAC‐Liganden sowie dessen Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle und Umlagerungsreaktionen
Authors: Lu Wei , Jayaraman Arumugam , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dewhurst Rian D. , Härterich Marcel , Dietz Maximilian , Hagspiel Stephan , Krummenacher Ivo , Hammond Kai , Cui Jingjing , Braunschweig Holger
Published: November 2021

Eine Eintopfsynthese eines CAAC‐stabilisierten, unsymmetrischen, cyclischen Diborens wurde mittels Zweielektronenreduktion eines CAAC‐Addukts von B2Br4(SMe2)2 entwickelt. Theoretische Studien offenbarten, dass dieses Diboren einen signifikant geringeren HOMO‐LUMO‐Abstand als bisher beschriebene NHC‐ und Phosphan‐stabilisierte Diborene besitzt. Die Komplexierung des Diborens mit [AuCl(PCy3)] lieferte zwei Diboren‐AuI‐π‐Komplexe, während die Reaktion mit DurBH2, P4 und einem terminalen Alkin zur Spaltung der B‐H‐, P‐P‐ beziehungsweise C‐C‐π‐Bindung führte. Die thermische Umlagerung des Diborens ergab ein elektronenreiches cyclisches Alkylidenboran, welches über die B=C‐Doppelbindung direkt an AgI koordiniert werden konnte.
Photocatalytic Sulfonylcarbocyclization of Alkynes Using SEt as a Traceless Directing Group: Access to Cyclopentenes and Indenes
Authors: Zhou Yulu , Qin Yizhou , Wang Qinggui , Zhang Zuxiao , Zhu Gangguo
Published: November 2021

Cyclopentenes and indenes are important structural scaffolds in synthetic, medical, and material chemistry. Cyclization of alkynes via remote C−H functionalization is an appealing approach to construct these motifs due to its high efficiency and step‐economy. Herein, a traceless directing group strategy was designed to reverse the regioselectivity of radical addition which enabled an unprecedented photocatalytic sulfonylcarbocyclization of terminal alkynes by forming C−C bond on inert C(sp3)−H bond. It offers a facile access to decorated cyclopentenes and indenes under mild conditions. The resultant products could be converted into a set of valuable molecular scaffolds, including a key intermediate of AM‐6226. Mechanistic experiments suggest a radical cascade pathway comprising a Markovnikov‐type sulfonylation, 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer, 5‐endo‐trig cyclization, and β‐elimination. This study lays further groundwork for the use of anti‐Baldwin 5‐endo‐trig radical cyclization in rapidly assembling five‐membered carbocycles.
Cooperative Luminescence and Cooperative Sensitisation Upconversion of Lanthanide Complexes in Solution
Authors: Knighton Richard C. , Soro Lohona K. , Francés‐Soriano Laura , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Aurora , Pilet Guillaume , Lenertz Marc , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Hildebrandt Niko , Charbonnière Loïc J.
Published: November 2021

Upconversion materials have led to various breakthrough applications in solar energy conversion, imaging, and biomedicine. One key impediment is the facilitation of such processes at the molecular scale in solution where quenching effects are much more pronounced. In this work, molecular solution‐state cooperative luminescence (CL) upconversion arising from a Yb excited state is explored and the mechanistic origin behind cooperative sensitisation (CS) upconversion in Yb/Tb systems is investigated. Counterintuitively, the best UC performances were obtained for Yb/Tb ratios close to parity, resulting in the brightest molecular upconversion complexes with a quantum yield of 2.8×10−6 at a low laser power density of 2.86 W cm−2.
Dynamic Manipulating Space‐Resolved Persistent Luminescence in Core–Shell MOFs Heterostructures via Reversible Photochromism
Authors: Ma Yu‐Juan , Fang Xiaoyu , Xiao Guowei , Yan Dongpeng
Published: November 2021

Photo‐controllable persistent luminescence at the single crystal level can be achieved by the integration of long‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and photochromism within metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. Moreover, the multiblock core–shell heterojunctions have been prepared utilizing the isostructural MOFs through an epitaxial growth process, in which the shell exhibits bright yellow afterglow emission that gradually disappears upon further irradiation, but the core does not show such property. Benefitting from combined persistent luminescence and photochromic behavior, a multiple encryption demo can be facilely designed based on the dynamic manipulating RTP via reversible photochromism. This work not only develops new types of dynamically photo‐controllable afterglow switch, but also provides a method to obtain MOFs‐based optical heterojunctions towards potential space/time‐resolved information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Hyperbranched poly(ester ether)s as an amplified fluorescence sensor for selective and sensitive Fe3+ detection and bioimaging
Authors: Liang Xue , Li Xiaojie , Tang Yong , Hong Liu , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya
Published: November 2021

Chromophore‐free fluorescent hyperbranched polymers have attracted widespread attention as fluorescent sensors. However, achieving highly selective and sensitive detection with such sensors remains a major challenge. Herein, two kinds of hyperbranched poly(ester ether) fluorescent sensors (HBPEE1 and HBPEE2) without conventional chromophores were synthesized to provide a simple and effective method for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+. Benefiting from the branched structure and the aggregation of numerous oxygen‐rich groups, both hyperbranched poly(ester ether)s emitted strong blue fluorescence in solution, and compared with HBPEE2, HBPEE1 had a higher absolute quantum yield of 14.3% due to its larger molecular weight and denser structure. HBPEE1 exhibited an amplified fluorescence quenching response and superior selectivity and sensitivity in the recognition of Fe3+ among various metal ions. The fluorescence intensity of HBPEE1 at 450 nm showed a good linearity with the Fe3+ concentration in the range of 5–450 μM with the detection limit of 0.04 μM. Multiple Fe3+ detections with high reversibility have been achieved using EDTA‐2Na, which further confirmed the detection mechanism. In addition, the HBPEE1 sensor possessed low toxicity and can be employed for Fe3+ imaging in living cells, making it a potential candidate for biological research and clinical diagnosis.
PA6/PA66/talc composite: Effect of reprocessing on the structure and properties
Authors: Domingo Gustavo D. , Souza Adriana M. C.
Published: November 2021

In this study the effect of repeated injection molding cycles on the structure and properties of polyamide 6/polyamide 66/talc (PA6/PA66/talc ‐ 35/35/30) composite was investigated for samples subjected to one, four, and seven processing cycles. Their morphology (scanning electron microscopy), structure (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), melt viscosity (melt flow index [MFI]), mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and fatigue tests), and thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis tests) were analyzed. The increase in MFI value and the decrease in the maximum decomposition temperature of PA6, observed by TG analysis, for samples subjected to seven processing cycles, indicated a possible reduction in molar mass of the PA6/PA66 matrix. These samples presented a decrease in degree of crystallinity of PA6 and PA66, which was more pronounced for PA6. The reprocessing of the composite did not present changes in the mechanical properties up to the fourth processing cycle, except for fatigue life which presented a 59% reduction. Samples subjected to seven processing cycles presented a decrease in tensile and flexural strength as well as in tensile and flexural modulus. Charpy impact strength of the samples did not significantly change upon reprocessing. The micrographs of the fatigue fractured surfaces indicated that the weak talc‐matrix interaction and talc‐matrix debonding became more evident with increasing processing cycles.
Breaking the Code: Political Control and the Humanities in 1960 s Bulgaria
Authors: Nikolchina Miglena
Published: November 2021

Certain tendencies in Bulgarian academia in the 1960s are explored as constituting a decisive moment in the emancipation of scientific authority from the intrusion of communist political power. With the focus on aesthetics, the major tenet is that, in the face of repression, specific theoretical approaches and currents of thought emerged that proved effective in dismantling dogma and boosting scientific authority vis‐à‐vis ideological control. Although open clashes with the repressive machinery of the communist regime certainly played a role in advancing the autonomy of science while on the other hand networks existed that allowed the clashes to be resolved in favor of science, emphasis here is on the deliberate shaping of an academic ethos and the implementation of modes of thinking, theoretical tools, and stances that were resilient to control and demonstrated their superiority to dogma. In 1960s aesthetics, this process involved battles surrounding the dogmatic conceptualization of reflection by Stalinist philosopher Todor Pavlov. A theorization of art as the production of freedom emerged in the course of these battles—a theorization which might, in fact, be crucial for this production and therefore a necessary condition for an otherwise fragile potentiality.