bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic variants for smoking behaviour and risk of skin cancer
Authors: Dusingize Jean Claude , Law Matthew H. , Seviiri Mathias , Olsen Catherine M. , Pandeya Nirmala , Landi Maria Teresa , Iles Mark M. , Neale Rachel E. , Ong Jue-Sheng , MacGregor Stuart , Whiteman David C.
Published: October 2023

Observational studies have suggested that smoking may increase the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) while decreasing the risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and melanoma. However, it remains possible that confounding by other factors may explain these associations. The aim of this investigation was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to test whether smoking is associated with skin cancer, independently of other factors. Two-sample MR analyses were conducted to determine the causal effect of smoking measures on skin cancer risk using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. We used the inverse-variance-weighted estimator to derive separate risk estimates across genetic instruments for all smoking measures. A genetic predisposition to smoking initiation was associated with lower risks of all skin cancer types, although none of the effect estimates reached statistical significance (OR 95% CI BCC 0.91, 0.82–1.01; cSCC 0.82, 0.66–1.01; melanoma 0.91, 0.82–1.01). Results for other measures were similar to smoking initiation with the exception of smoking intensity which was associated with a significantly reduced risk of melanoma (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.89). Our findings support the findings of observational studies linking smoking to lower risks of melanoma and BCC. However, we found no evidence that smoking is associated with an elevated risk of cSCC; indeed, our results are most consistent with a decreased risk, similar to BCC and melanoma.
Development of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(lactic acid) blend as sustainable biomaterial for dental applications
Authors: Charasseangpaisarn Taksid , Wiwatwarrapan Chairat , Thunyakitpisal Pasutha , Srimaneepong Viritpon
Published: October 2023

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is gaining popularity in manufacturing due to environmental concerns. When comparing to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), PLA exhibits low melting and glass transition temperature (Tg). To enhance the properties of these polymers, a PMMA/PLA blend has been introduced. This study aimed to investigate the optimal ratio of PMMA/PLA blends for potential dental applications based on their mechanical properties, physical properties, and biocompatibility. The PMMA/PLA blends were manufactured by melting and mixing using twin screw extruder and prepared into thermoplastic polymer beads. The specimens of neat PMMA (M100), three different ratios of PMMA/PLA blends (M75, M50, and M25), and neat PLA (M0) were fabricated with injection molding technique. The neat polymers and polymer blends were investigated in terms of flexural properties, Tg, miscibility, residual monomer, water sorption, water solubility, degradation, and biocompatibility. The data was statistically analyzed. The results indicated that Tg of PMMA/PLA blends was increased with increasing PMMA content. PMMA/PLA blends were miscible in all composition ratios. The flexural properties of polymer blends were superior to those of neat PMMA and neat PLA. The biocompatibility was not different among different composition ratios. Additionally, the other parameters of PMMA/PLA blends were improved as the PMMA ratio decreased. Thus, the optimum ratio of PMMA/PLA blends have the potential to serve as novel sustainable biomaterial for extensive dental applications.
Underwater image quality assessment method based on color space multi-feature fusion
Authors: Chen Tianhai , Yang Xichen , Li Nengxin , Wang Tianshu , Ji Genlin
Published: October 2023

The complexity and challenging underwater environment leading to degradation in underwater image. Measuring the quality of underwater image is a significant step for the subsequent image processing step. Existing Image Quality Assessment (IQA) methods do not fully consider the characteristics of degradation in underwater images, which limits their performance in underwater image assessment. To address this problem, an Underwater IQA (UIQA) method based on color space multi-feature fusion is proposed to focus on underwater image. The proposed method converts underwater images from RGB color space to CIELab color space, which has a higher correlation to human subjective perception of underwater visual quality. The proposed method extract histogram features, morphological features, and moment statistics from luminance and color components and concatenate the features to obtain fusion features to better quantify the degradation in underwater image quality. After features extraction, support vector regression(SVR) is employed to learn the relationship between fusion features and image quality scores, and gain the quality prediction model. Experimental results on the SAUD dataset and UIED dataset show that our proposed method can perform well in underwater image quality assessment. The performance comparisons on LIVE dataset, TID2013 dataset,LIVEMD dataset,LIVEC dataset and SIQAD dataset demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Feedstocks for Green Gasoline
Authors: Sahu Himadri , Mishra Sanjeev
Published: October 2023

When addressing climate change and global warming, it is essential to look for alternative clean, green and sustainable renewable energy sources. Bioenergy is considered one of the potential renewable energies and gasoline in particular has great potential to contribute significantly towards replacing conventional fossil fuel-derived gasoline. Green gasoline is produced using various types of biomass and is categorized into first-, second- and third-generation feedstocks. This chapter discusses different types of biomass feedstocks and properties for green gasoline production via different conversion technologies.
Catalysts for Green Gasoline Processing
Authors: Ramprakash Upadhyay Praveenkumar , Das Piyali
Published: October 2023

Gasoline is one of the most highly refined products leaving the refinery and consists essentially of hydrocarbons in the C4–C12 range but is dominated by branched-chain hydrocarbons or isoalkanes and aromatics to meet its desired octane rating. Globally, bioethanol and ethers are the most preferred choices today as a renewable biocomponent blend stock for gasoline. However, technical restrictions confine the use of these oxygenates in regular gasoline automobiles, although higher blend ratios are feasible for flexible fuel vehicles. This offers room for innovation in developing sustainable processes for green or renewable gasoline intended to be used as a drop-in fuel. In the last decade, diverse pathways have been increasingly explored to produce green gasoline from renewable feedstocks. The inconsistency in the chemical make-up in terms of the relative share of different fractions in green gasoline is attributable both to the differences in resource feedstocks and to the technology applied in its production. This chapter summarizes the present status of different types of catalysts and processes for producing green gasoline from possible renewable feedstocks.
Conversion Technologies for Green Gasoline
Authors: Makut Bidhu Bhusan , Hayat Zeba
Published: October 2023

Biomass-based bioenergy has gained momentum over conventional fossil fuels owing to its renewability, low-cost production and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Green gasoline products made from biomass are similar to the transportation fuels obtained from petroleum and are well suited to the current infrastructure and combustion engines used in petroleum refineries. Several processes have been adopted for the production of green gasoline from different biomass feedstocks. This chapter presents an outline of various techniques for the conversion of biomass feedstocks, such as thermochemical conversion (biomass gasification, liquefaction and pyrolysis), chemical conversion and biochemical conversion for the production of biofuels and their upgrading to green gasoline via hydroprocessing and catalytic cracking.
Transportation Biofuels: Green Gasoline, Bioethanol, Biodiesel and Green Diesel – A Comparison
Authors: Tyagi Uplabdhi , Aslam Mohammad , Sarma Anil Kumar
Published: October 2023

Green gasoline is basically a biomass-derived combustible liquid fuel that matches the broad volatility range of petroleum gasoline, viz. 40–140 °C, having a reasonable calorific value and other fuel properties with ultralow sulfur content and excellent octane rating. It should be readily miscible with petroleum. Scientists are attracted to biodiesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil or green (renewable) diesel to meet the need for renewable, sustainable and cleaner fuels in the diesel range. Approximately 20% of global energy is consumed by the transportation sector, making it the world’s largest oil consumer. Primary fuel sources have different chemical characteristics, which affect the behavior of liquid fuels. Transportation contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions through combustion of oil-derived fuels. Fuel sources are characterized by the presence or absence of certain oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in their molecules. Liquid fuel can be produced from hydrogen, petroleum, ammonia, natural gas, biofuels, alcohols or even coal. The consumption of liquid fuels in the transportation sector is growing by 36 quadrillion Btu (diesel including biodiesel), the largest contributor being 13 quadrillion Btu by jet fuel and 9 quadrillion Btu by motor gasoline (including ethanol blends) annually. The market share of diesel fuel (including biodiesel) is likely to decline from 36% to 33% from 2012 to 2040, while the jet fuel market share will increase from 12% to 14%. This chapter discusses current statistics and advances in the transportation sector to provide detailed insights into the properties and mechanisms of various liquid fuels including green gasoline, bioethanol, biodiesel and green diesel.
Nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne bacteria: a review
Authors: Zheng Lingyan , Jin Wen , Xiong Ke , Zhen Hongmin , Li Mengmeng , Hu Yumeng
Published: October 2023

Ensuring food safety is a critical concern for the development and well-being of humanity, as foodborne illnesses caused by foodborne bacteria have increasingly become a major public health concern worldwide.
Electronic, mechanical and gas sensing properties of two-dimensional γ-SnSe
Authors: Zhu Chunyan , Feng Tianhang , Jiang Xinying , Li Gang , Yuan Jun-Hui , Liu Chao , Zhang Pan , Wang Jiafu
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are excellent candidates for advanced flexible electronics and gas sensors.
Low temperature reforming of methane with CO2 over Pt/CeO2, Ni/CeO2 and Pt–Ni/CeO2 catalysts prepared by a solution-combustion method
Authors: Khatun Rubina , Siddiqui Nazia , Pal Rohan Singh , Bhandari Sonu , Khan Tuhin Suvra , Singh Shivani , Poddar Mukesh Kumar , Samanta Chanchal , Bal Rajaram
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the low temperature reforming of methane with CO2 over mono-metallic (Pt/CeO2 and Ni/CeO2) and bi-metallic (Pt–Ni/CeO2) solid solution catalysts prepared by using a one-pot solution-combustion method.
Gibbs–Duhem-informed neural networks for binary activity coefficient prediction
Authors: Rittig Jan G. , Felton Kobi C. , Lapkin Alexei A. , Mitsos Alexander
Published: October 2023

Gibbs–Duhem-informed neural networks provide a flexible hybrid approach to predicting binary activity coefficients with both high accuracy and thermodynamic consistency.
Digital pipette: open hardware for liquid transfer in self-driving laboratories
Authors: Yoshikawa Naruki , Darvish Kourosh , Vakili Mohammad Ghazi , Garg Animesh , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: October 2023

We propose an economical 3D-printed pipette, which aims to overcome the limitations of two-finger robot grippers. It enables general-purpose robot arms to achieve high precision in liquid transfer tasks that is comparable to commercial devices.
Not the usual suspect – an unexpected organometallic product during the synthesis of cytotoxic platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Maier Thomas , Wutschitz Judith , Gajic Natalie , Hejl Michaela , Cseh Klaudia , Mai Sebastian , Jakupec Michael A. , Galanski Mathea S. , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: October 2023

The reaction of a diaminedichloridoplatinum(ii) complex with maleic acid and its monoesters unexpectedly resulted in the formation of organometallic platinum(ii) complexes. The complexes also unexpectedly showed little cytotoxicity and low reactivity.
Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations
Authors: Consiglio Giuseppe , Gorcyński Adam , Petralia Salvatore , Forte Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

New dyes PY-4N and PY-3N showed PCE values of 21.29% and 16.52%. Phosphonate analogs, exhibited the highest energy adsorption on TiO2. Results suggest a potential use of these dyes as standalone sensitizers or co-sensitizers in PV applications.
Interesting influence of Al2O3 on the catalytic stability of Co2P, MoP and CoMoP catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Chen Shuo , Rong Qingshan , Liu Dongmei , Sun Na , Yao Zhiwei
Published: October 2023

Interestingly, after being supported on Al2O3, there was a rise, decline and no change in the catalytic stability of CoMoP, MoP and Co2P, respectively, for dry reforming of methane.
Constructing robust heterointerfaces for carrier viaduct via interfacial molecular bridges enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Huifen , Liang Zheng , Ye Jiajiu , Zhang Yong , Wang Zihan , Zhang Hui , Wan Changmao , Xu Guangkun , Zeng Jie , Xu Baomin , Xiao Zhengguo , Kirchartz Thomas , Pan Xu
Published: October 2023

To ensure carrier selectivity, we propose an interfacial molecular bridge comprised of Ph-CH2N+H3−n(CH3)n ammonium cation at the perovskite–substrate interface and reveal its underlying impact on PSCs performance.
Effects of maternal high-fat diet on fetal growth, placental nutrient transporters and circular RNA expression profiles
Authors: He Tianle , Chen Qingyun , Yuan Zhidong , Yang Yulian , Cao Kai , Luo Ju , Dong Guozhong , Peng Xie , Yang Zhenguo
Published: October 2023

Maternal high-fat diet can affect intrauterine fetal development by regulating body metabolism. Meanwhile, differentially expressed circRNAs in the placenta during a high-fat diet regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal development in multiple ways.
A facile synthesis of iodine-functionalized hypercrosslinked polymers
Authors: Thiamsiri Chanachon , Ratvijitvech Thanchanok , Luanphaisarnnont Torsak
Published: October 2023

An efficient synthetic method for novel iodinated hypercrosslinked polymers with high iodine incorporation and high functional group tolerance was developed.
Giant thermal rectification efficiency by geometrically enhanced asymmetric non-linear radiation
Authors: Kim Seongkyun , Kim Taeyeop , Sung Jaehyun , Kim Yongjun , Lee Dongwoo , Baik Seunghyun
Published: October 2023

A giant thermal rectification efficiency of 218% is achieved by maximizing asymmetry in parameters of the Stefan–Boltzmann law for non-linear thermal radiation. Machine learning analysis suggests novel light-weight designs with high efficiencies.
New insights into the influence of plasmonic and non-plasmonic nanostructures on the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide
Authors: Jakimińska Anna , Spilarewicz Kaja , Macyk Wojciech
Published: October 2023

The results of this work cover the influence of plasmonic (gold) and non-plasmonic (palladium) nanostructures on the photocatalytic activity and redox properties of titanium dioxide.
A bis-dianionic β-ketoiminato octalithium complex as a universal catalyst for hydroboration with broad scope
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhu Xu , Xu Xiaojuan , Zhou Shuai , Lu Wenguang , Xue Mingqiang
Published: October 2023

A bis-dianionic β-ketoiminato octalithium complex can serve as a universal catalyst for the hydroboration of a wide array of unsaturated compounds including esters, aldehydes, ketones, imines, nitriles, carbonates, and amides.
A versatile and high-throughput flow-cell system combined with fluorescence imaging for simultaneous single-molecule force measurement and visualization
Authors: Zou Zhenyu , Liang Jialun , Jia Qian , Bai Di , Xie Wei , Wu Wenqiang , Tan Chuang , Ma Jie
Published: October 2023

A fully calibrated high-throughput flow-cell system combined with fluorescence microscopy can simultaneously measure single-molecule forces and images.
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene–benzoladderene (macro)monomers
Authors: Scannelli Samantha J. , Alaboalirat Mohammed , Troya Diego , Matson John B.
Published: October 2023

We report high kp (macro)monomer structures for use in grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization to make linear and bottlebrush polymers.
Dipeptide-1 modified nanostructured lipid carrier-based hydrogel with enhanced skin retention and topical efficacy of curcumin
Authors: Yuan Ming , Niu Jiangxiu , Li Fei , Ya Huiyuan , Liu Xianghui , Li Keying , Fan Yanli , Zhang Qiuyan
Published: October 2023

CUR–DP–NLCs gel could accumulate in the hair follicles and enhance drug retention in the skin. Furthermore, CUR–DP–NLCs gel also induced higher anti-inflammation and analgesic effect after topical administration.
Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposite for solid-phase extraction and fluorimetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Abo Dena Ahmed S. , Dhaou Mariam , El-Sherbiny Ibrahim M.
Published: October 2023

A schematic representation of the synthetic steps of FMIP and its use in the SPE and fluorimetric determination of HCTZ.
Occurrence of moisture in deep gas-bearing shale matrix and its impacts on methane adsorption/desorption capability under favorable reservoir conditions
Authors: Zhang Dengfeng , Cai Xuewei , Xu Yi , Tang Xing , Su Hanxing
Published: October 2023

Moisture dependence of CH4 adsorption capability of shales relates to occurrence characteristics of organic matter–hosted pores and clay mineral-hosted pores between shales with low clay mineral content and shales with high clay mineral content.
A polymer donor based on difluoro-quinoxaline with a naphthalimide substituent unit exhibits a low-lying HOMO level for efficient non-fullerene polymer solar cells
Authors: He Baitian , Tang Luting , Zhang Jinming , Xiao Manjun , Chen Guiting , Dai Chuanbo
Published: October 2023

We developed two copolymers, namely PDNB and PDNB-2F, based on difluoro-quinoxaline with naphthalimide substituent unit, and PDNB-2F:Y6-based non-fullerene polymer solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of 12.18%.
Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Malik Muhammad Salman , Wolfahrt Markus , Schlögl Sandra
Published: October 2023

Redox cationic frontal polymerization allows full intact curing of epoxy resins and composites under low oven temperatures or UV light.
Isolation and total synthesis of dysidone A: a new piperidone alkaloid from the marine sponge Dysidea sp.
Authors: Lei Yu , Li Boao , Liao Xiaojian , Xing Xiwen , Feng Pengju , Zhao Bingxin , Xu Shihai
Published: October 2023

A new piperidone alkaloid, dysidone A (1), was isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea sp.
Green synthesis of gardenia seeds-based carbon dots for bacterial imaging and antioxidant activity in aqueous and oil samples
Authors: Tsai Hung-Wen , Wu Tsunghsueh , Hsieh Chiu-Lan , Fu Shih-Feng , Wu Mei-Yao , Lin Yang-Wei
Published: October 2023

Gardenia seed carbon dots: bacterial imaging and antioxidant activity.
Rearrangement of a carboxy-substituted spiro[4.4]nonatriene to annulated fulvenes through a Pd(ii)-mediated 1,5-vinyl shift
Authors: Goyal Karan , Kukier Garrett A. , Chen Xiangyang , Turlik Aneta , Houk K. N. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: October 2023

A transformation of spiro[4.4]nonatrienes to aryl-substituted, enantioenriched annulated fulvenes is reported. DFT calculations and empirical results support a novel mechanism of reaction involving a 1,5-vinyl shift from a vinyl–palladium species.
Ultrafast C–C and C–N bond formation reactions in water microdroplets facilitated by the spontaneous generation of carbocations
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Zheng , Gao Hang , Hu Jun , Chen Hong-Yuan , Xu Jing-Juan
Published: October 2023

Ultrafast C–C and C–N bond formation reactions in water microdroplets were facilitated by the spontaneous generation of carbocations, requiring no use of low pH, elevated temperature, strong oxidants and/or expensive noble-metal catalysts.
Platinum nanozyme-mediated temperature sensor for sensitive photothermal immunoassay of YKL-40 under near-infrared light
Authors: Yu Shaoyang , Ke Qiaohong , Cai Fan , Gong Sisi , Huang Rongfu , Fan Chunmei
Published: October 2023

This work reports a photothermal immunoassay for the sensitive screening of YKL-40 coupling near-infrared light-excited platinum nanoparticles with a handheld digital thermometer.
Scaling perspectives of underscreening in concentrated electrolyte solutions
Authors: Safran Samuel A. , Pincus Philip A.
Published: October 2023

We present a scaling view of underscreening observed in salt solutions in the range of concentrations greater than about 1 M, in which the screening length increases with concentration.
Triallyl isocyanurate enabled SPAN-based organosulfur featuring high sulfur & selenium loading for advanced Li/Na–S batteries
Authors: Wu Qiang , Qin Mingsheng , Wu Yuanke , Zhu Haolin , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: October 2023

By incorporating TI into PAN, an organosulfur is fabricated with high S&Se loading, excellent kinetics and robust structure. The organosulfur achieves outstanding composites capacity, ultralong-lifespan and high-rate capability in Li/Na–S batteries.
A bio-inspired multifunctional interface layer for high performance zinc-ion batteries via novel in situ electropolymerization
Authors: Wang Jun , Zou Xiuyang , Song Lina , Hou Yang , Lu Jianguo , Gao Xiang , He Qinggang , Ren Yongyuan , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua
Published: October 2023

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next generation energy devices owing to their intrinsic safety.
Highly sensitive self-powered ammonia gas detection enabled by a rationally designed PANI/commercial cellulosic paper based triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Yang Maosen , Liu Jinmei , Hu Caixia , Zhang Weiqiang , Jiao Jingyi , Cui Nuanyang , Gu Long
Published: October 2023

The schematic diagram of a PANI/cellulosic paper based eco-friendly triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered ammonia sensing.
Mn-doped Co nanoparticles on wood-derived monolithic carbon for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Liu Yanyan , Liu Shuling , Zhou Limin , Wu Xianli , Guo Xianji , Zhang Anqi , Zhang Pengxiang , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun
Published: October 2023

An effective strategy via in situ growth of MOFs in biomass carbon together with co-pyrolysis is proposed to prepare a monolithic air electrode with highly dispersed Mn and Co nanoparticles anchored on wood-derived carbon (CoMn-N@NCW) for ZABs.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the grey-headed gull (Larus cirrocephalus) and African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus)
Authors: Emereole C. , Jansen R. , Okonkwo O. J.
Published: October 2023

(Left) Ondestepoort landfill showing the birds that forage on the site; (centre right) the grey-headed gull (Larus cirrocephalus) and African sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) and (far right) the PBDE levels obtained in feathers of the birds.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextual Determinants of the Parent–Speech-Language Pathologist Partnership
Authors: Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Collins Sara C. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Biggs Elizabeth E. , Romano Mollie , Coltellino Brianna
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant changes for family–professional interactions. Many services shifted to telepractice, with new opportunities for parents and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to partner for service delivery. Parent-coached models of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention provide positive outcomes for children; however, SLPs have reported difficulty building strong partnerships with families. The shift to telepractice during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique context to examine factors influencing parent–SLP partnerships, particularly for parents with children who use aided AAC.

Method:

Twenty-five parents and 25 SLPs who engaged in services with children and youth from 3 to 21 years of age who used aided AAC during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020 participated. Semistructured interviews were conducted individually with parents and SLPs to understand perspectives on whether the change in service delivery facilitated or hindered family-oriented practice. Inductive qualitative analysis was used to analyze information about the factors impacting parent–SLP partnerships.

Results:

The parent–SLP partnership was influenced by setting and systemic determinants, and intrinsic determinants to the parent and the SLP that included their history and rapport, beliefs about partnering, and knowledge and skills. These determinants served as barriers or facilitators to their partnership.

Conclusions:

It is essential to consider the relationship, expectations, and knowledge and skills that SLPs and parents bring to the partnership, along with extrinsic structural factors that can impact this partnership. Positive rapport, valued partnership, and an openness to sharing knowledge through teaming and collaboration provided for positive parent–SLP partnerships.
Novel antenna array configuration using miniature double box branch‐line couplers for wideband circularly polarised applications
Authors: Virdee Bal S. , Aribi Tohid , Sedghi Tohid
Published: October 2023

This article presents a wideband circularly polarised (CP) antenna array using a miniaturised double box branch‐line coupler. This was achieved by creating a slow wave structure by introducing open‐circuit stubs on the inside arms of the branch‐line coupler. The 2 × 2 antenna array is made of four CP slot radiating elements excited through 1 × 4 feeding network. Moreover, sequentially rotation method is used to increase the axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth of the array. The CP slot radiating element is fed by coplanar waveguide. The feedline of the horn‐shaped radiator includes a circular matching stub. Ground connected asymmetric T‐shaped stub, a pair of grounded L‐shaped square strips, and single strip line are shown to induce CP and enhance the antenna's 3 dB impedance bandwidth and AR performance. The antenna constituting the array has impedance bandwidth of 2.45 GHz from 4.8 to 7.25 GHz that corresponds to a fractional bandwidth of 40%, and its 3 dB AR extends between 4.8 and 6.25 GHz. Compared to a conventional double‐box branch‐line coupler the size of the proposed coupler is reduced by 35% by increasing the capacitance of the coupler's arms. This also is shown to increase the impedance bandwidth of the coupler. A 2 × 2 array was fabricated, and its performance verified. Measured results confirm the proposed antenna array exhibits CP covering the bands of WiMAX IEEE 802.16, C‐band and ITU‐R F386.9. The measured 3 dB AR bandwidth of the antenna array extend from 3 to 7.3 GHz and its impedance bandwidth extends from 3.2 to 9.0 GHz. The antenna array radiates with a peak gain of 11.5 dBic.
Modeling the Galactic center gamma-ray emission with more realistic cosmic-ray dynamics
Authors: Scherer Andrés , Cuadra Jorge , Bauer Franz E.
Published: October 2023

Context. Very-high-energy gamma-ray observations of the Galactic center (GC) show extended emission that is strongly correlated with the morphology of the central molecular zone (CMZ). The best explanation for that emission is a hadronic interaction between cosmic rays (CRs) and ambient gas, where a CR central and continuous source accelerates protons up to 1 PeV (“PeVatron”). However, current models assume very simplistic CR dynamics.

Aims. Our goal is to verify if more realistic CR dynamics for the GC environment are consistent with current gamma-ray observations, and whether they could be constrained by upcoming observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).

Methods. We generated synthetic gamma-ray maps using a CR transport model with spherical injection, different diffusion regimes (in and out of the CMZ), polar advection, and mono-energetic particles of 1 PeV, and including different CR populations injected from the Arches, Quintuplet, and nuclear clusters of young massive stars, plus supernova Sgr A East. We adopted two different 3D gas distributions consistent with the observed gas column density, either with or without an inner cavity.

Results. In order to reproduce the existing observations detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS), a ring-like gas distribution, with its mass set by the standard Galactic CO-to-H2 conversion factor, and CR acceleration from all relevant sources are required. For a conversion factor one order of magnitude lower, injection rates that are ten times higher are needed. We show that CTA will be able to differentiate between models with different CR dynamics, proton sources, and CMZ morphologies, owing to its unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution.

Conclusions. More realistic CR dynamics suggest that the CMZ has a large inner cavity and that the GC PeVatron is a composite CR population accelerated by the Arches, Quintuplet, and nuclear star clusters, and Sgr A East.
Two-horn quiescent prominence observed in Hα and Mg II h&k lines with THEMIS and IRIS
Authors: Barczynski Krzysztof , Schmieder Brigitte , Gelly Bernard , Peat Aaron W. , Labrosse Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Context. Prominences are large magnetic structures in the corona filled by cool plasma with fast evolving fine structure.

Aims. We aim to better understand the plasma conditions in the fine structure of a quiescent prominence including two transient horns observed at the bottom of the cavity using the high resolution Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the MulTi-Raies (MTR) spectrograph of the Télescope Heliographique pour l’Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires (THEMIS) in the Canary Islands.

Methods. We analysed the spectra obtained in Hα by THEMIS and Mg II by IRIS and compare them with a grid of 23 940 1D radiative transfer models which include a prominence-to-corona transition region (PCTR). The full observed profiles of Mg II in each pixel are fitted completely by synthesised profiles with ×RMS (Cross RMS; an improved version of the rolling root mean square (rRMS) method). When the RMS is below a certain threshold value, we recover the plasma conditions from the parameters of the model best fitting the observed line profile. This criterion is met in two regions (the horns and edge of the prominence) where the line profiles can generally be described as single peaked.

Results. The 1D models suggest that two different kinds of model atmospheres correspond to these two regions. The region at the edge is found to be fitted mainly with isothermal and isobaric models, while the other area (the horns) is seen to be fitted with models with a PCTR that have optical thicknesses of less than 5. In the prominence edge, the theoretical relationship between the integrated intensities in Hα and Mg II is verified and corresponds to low emission measure values. In these regions the electron density is around 1010 cm−3, while it is one order of magnitude less in the horn regions around 109 cm−3.

Conclusions. In the horns, we find some profiles are best fitted with models with high mean temperatures. This suggests that the hot PCTR found in the horns could be interpreted as prominence plasma in condensation phase at the bottom of the coronal cavity.
Influence of the tetraneutron on the EoS under core-collapse supernova and heavy-ion collision conditions
Authors: Pais Helena , Albertus Conrado , Pérez-García M. Ángeles , Providência Constança
Published: October 2023

Context. Recently, a resonant state of four neutrons (tetraneutron) with an energy of E4n = 2.37 ± 0.38(stat) ± 0.44(sys) MeV and a width of Γ = 1.75 ± 0.22(stat) ± 0.30(sys) MeV was reported.

Aims. In this work, we analyze the effect of including such an exotic state on the yields of other light clusters; these clusters not only form in astrophysical sites, such as core-collapse supernovae and neutron star (NS) mergers, but also in heavy-ion collisions.

Methods. To this aim, we used a relativistic mean-field (RMF) formalism, where we consider in-medium effects in a two-fold way – that is, via the couplings of the clusters to the mesons, and via a binding energy shift – to compute the low-density equation of state (EoS) for nuclear matter at finite temperature and fixed proton fraction. We consider five light clusters – namely deuterons, tritons, helions, α-particles, and 6He – immersed in a gas of protons and neutrons, and we calculate their abundances and chemical equilibrium constants with and without the tetraneutron. We also analyze how the associated energy of the tetraneutron would influence such results.

Results. We find that the low-temperature, neutron-rich systems are the ones most affected by the presence of the tetraneutron, making NSs excellent environments for their formation. Moreover, its presence in strongly asymmetric matter may increase the proton and α-particle fractions considerably. This may have an influence on the dissolution of the accretion disk of the merger of two NSs.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Composite Wicked Heat Pipe
Authors: Sateesh N. , Nookaraju B.Ch. , Subbiah Ram , Kumar Avnish , Jayahari L.
Published: October 2023

Heat pipe is used to extract heat generated from a surface and applicable to cooling of the many components. Some of the main applications of heat pipes are space crafts, computer systems, permafrost cooling, heat exchangers and thermal storage sub systems. In this work, an experiment will be carried out with an indirect heat composite pipe located with different orientation, heat input and mass flow. Thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency are determined, which are applicable for laptop cooling and solar heating. Heat input 25 to 150 watts, with orientation angles 0, 30, 45, 90 degrees, mass flow rate are 0.01kg/sec, 0.02kg/sec and 0.03kg/sec are considered.
Viable Detection of URL Phishing using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Santoshi Kumari Machikuri , Keerthi Priya Chiguru , Bhavya Gondhi , Neha Haridas , Awasthi Monisha , Tripathi Surendra
Published: October 2023

The objective of paper is to detect phishing URLs using machine learning algorithms. Phishing is a fraudulent activity that involves tricking users into giving away sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, by impersonating legitimate websites. The main objective of this work is to build a model that can accurately detect viable phishing URLs and classify them as either legitimate or fraudulent. This will help to prevent users from falling victim to phishing attacks and protect their personal information. The model will be trained on a large dataset of annotated URLs and will be optimised for high accuracy and low false positive rates. The paper consists of two datasets in which one of the dataset consists of phishing URLs and other datasets consist of features of URLs. The performance of the phishing detection model will be evaluated using various metrics, such as precision, recall, and F1 score. We will also conduct an in-depth analysis of the results and discuss the effectiveness of the approach. This work aims to build a robust model for phishing URL detection using machine learning algorithms. Future enhancements to this work could include incorporating more advanced feature extraction techniques, exploring the use of deep learning models, and expanding the dataset to include more diverse types of URLs.
Automated Diet and Exercise Suggestion based on Obesity Classification
Authors: Annapoorna E. , Nithin Sai Palreddy , Raj Shreyas Goud Konda , Koushik Kourikanti , Saini Manisha
Published: October 2023

Obesity is a problem that affects the general health and wellness of many people around the world. The paper seeks to provide an automated individualised dietary and exercise suggestions based on an individual’s obesity class. The system classifies the user’s level of obesity using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and random forest machine learning algorithms. To provide appropriate food and activity procedures in accordance with the classification of obesity, we use machine learning techniques like decision trees and recommendation algorithms.
Review on Tomato Ripe Detection and Segmentation Using Deep learning Models for Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Madhavi Karanam , Babu Yesupogu Suri , Ramesh G. , Dua Deepika , Reddy Vijay Bhasker
Published: October 2023

Using natural resources to maximize yields is possible when .precision agriculture is used in a diversified environment. Automating agriculture can reduce resource consumption and enhance food quality. Sowing, monitoring, controlling weeds, managing pests, and harvesting crops are all possible with agricultural robots. To estimate crop production, it is necessary to physically count fruits, flowers, or fruits at various stages of growth. Precision and dependability are provided by remote sensing technologies for agricultural production forecasting and estimation. Automated image analysis using deep learning and computer vision (CV) produces exact field maps. In this review, deep learning (DL) techniques were found to improve the accuracy of smart farming, so we present different methodologies to automate the detection of agricultural yields using virtual analysis and classifiers. The smart farming will generate a sustainable agricultural development.
Age Classification for work sustainability using SVM using Co-occurrence features on Fibonacci Weighted Neighborhood Pattern Matrix
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Reddy P. , Sarma K.S.R.K. , Raghunadha Reddy T. , Kodati Sarangam , Kumar Rajeev , Dhasaratham M.
Published: October 2023

Computer vision systems are increasingly focusing on age recognition from facial images. To solve this problem, In this paper, proposed a method that computes the Fibonacci Weighted Neighborhood Pattern on an image to obtain local neighborhood information, then evaluates Co-occurrence features for work sustainability age classification with SVM classifier. These characteristics show how people’s ages differ. The proposed method has been tested on the FG-Net facial images dataset as well as other scanned images. Experiments showed that the proposed approach outperformed other currently existing methods.
Ensemble Framework of Artificial immune system based on Network Intrusion Detection System for Network Security Sustainability
Authors: Kodati Sarangam , Sreekanth Nara , Sarma K.S.R.K. , Reddy P. Chandra Sekhar , Saxena Archana , Narasaiah Boya Palajonna
Published: October 2023

The popularity and rapid growth of the internet have reemphasized the importance of intrusion detection systems (IDS) significance in the network security. IDS decreases hacking, data theft risk, privacy intrusion, and others. To save the system from external and internal intruders, the primary approaches of IDS are used. Many techniques[13], like genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and artificial immune systems, have been applied to IDS. This paper describes an Ensemble Framework of Artificial Immune System (AIS) based on Network Intrusion Detection System. Without placing a significant additional load on networks and monitoring systems, the large volume of data is analysed by a network-based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). For determining the connection type, data from KDD Cup 99 competitions is utilized. To differentiate between attacks and valid connections, IDS can be utilized. Optimized feature selection is used to speed up the time-consuming rough set. The results obtained from the IDS system indicate that it can effectively identify the attacking connections with a high success rate.
Novel Approach on sustainable Topic Modelling paradigms for Recognition of health-related topics in a social platform through Distributed file system
Authors: Rajasekhar N. , Srichakranath T. , Anirudh P. Venkata , Reddy P. Hruthvik , Bisht Mamta
Published: October 2023

social media is one of the most sustainable and prominent features of the Internet and has a vast amount of influence in today’s world. All the latest information regarding every topic is available on social media i.e., social media serves as a sustainable repository of the latest information, particularly Twitter where discourse on every major trending topic takes place and is shown to the user hence it is utilized by many individuals all over the world to keep themselves updated with the latest news occurring everywhere in the world. In Current time due to the pandemic, Twitter also played a key role in relaying updated and accurate information regarding many topics related to health care. Millions of people everyday share their ideas and opinions regarding health-related concepts. To analyze these many tweets which contain billions of users is a challenging task and so to understand the key features or topics discussed by the user’s artificial intelligence has a branch called Natural language processing also called as NLP which can help in analyzing texts from a huge amount of dataset. Topic modeling, which is a part of NLP helps in analyzing healthcare data extracted from twitter which would provide a description of current trending healthcare topics and development of most significant tweets and their content.
Creating a Sustainable Smart Water Leakage Detection System using IoT
Authors: K. Ravikiran , Tukaram Shekhapur , Hema Sai Kiran K. , Afridhi  , Abhilash P.K. , Maarfi Farah
Published: October 2023

Water pipe spillage, especially in drinking water frameworks, could be a noteworthy sustainable issue universally, driving to the wastage of valuable assets. Recognizing the significance of water for all shapes of life, it gets to be pivotal to create sustainable arrangements to address this issue. The aim of this venture is to form an Online of Things (IoT) based framework for water spillage discovery utilizing water stream sensors and an Arduino board. The concept behind this extend is to degree the sum of water provided from the source and compare it with the amount of water gotten at the destination. In case these two measured values are rise to, it shows that there’s no water spillage within the supply pipes. Be that as it may, in the event that there’s a error between the supplied and gotten water volumes, it recommends that there’s a water spillage some place within the pipeline framework. Begin by getting the specified materials, such as water stream sensors, an Arduino board (such as Arduino Uno), jumper wires, a control supply, and other supporting elements. Interface the water stream sensors to the Arduino board utilizing jumper wires. Guarantee appropriate wiring and network to precisely the degree the water flow. Create the computer program: Utilize the Arduino IDE (Coordinates Advancement Environment) or a appropriate programming environment to type in the code for your model. The code ought to empower the Arduino board to perused sustainable information from the water stream sensors and perform the fundamental calculations to compare the provided and gotten water volumes. Conduct calibration tests to guarantee exact estimations. You'll be able do this by comparing the readings from the prototype system with known water amounts to set up a reference point. Screen the estimations and watch if any disparities between provided and gotten water volumes show potential leakage. Implement real-time monitoring and cautions (discretionary): To improve the system’s functionality, we'll be able to consolidate real-time observing and cautions. It is worth noticing that this model show serves as a confirmation of concept. Executing such a framework on a bigger scale would require contemplations such as arrange network, information transmission, and integration with a centralized observing framework.
Sustainable Crop Recommendation System Using Soil NPK Sensor
Authors: Gottemukkala Lavanya , Jajala Sai Tharun Reddy , Thalari Akash , Vootkuri Sai Ram , Kumar Vikas , Naidu G. Mounika
Published: October 2023

The effective management of nutrient resources in agricultural practices is crucial for optimizing crop yields and ensuring sustainable farming. Traditionally, farmers have relied on manual methods or expert knowledge to determine the appropriate amount and type of nutrients required by crops. However, these methods often lack precision and can lead to suboptimal fertilization, resulting in reduced productivity and environmental degradation. In recent years, advancements in sensor technology have paved the way for more accurate and efficient crop management systems. One such innovation is the NPK sensor, which enables real-time monitoring of soil nutrient levels. Our proposed system utilizes NPK sensor data to offer personalized fertilization recommendations to farmers. The system integrates sensor technology, machine learning algorithms, and agronomic expertise to provide precise and tailored nutrient recommendations based on the specific requirements of different crops and soil conditions. The system collects data from NPK sensors deployed in the field that includes soil nutrient levels. Machine learning algorithms analyze this data to identify patterns and correlation between nutrient levels and crop performance. By leveraging historical data and agronomic knowledge, the system can generate accurate and timely recommendations for nutrient application. In conclusion, the crop recommendation system presented here offers a novel approach to crop management by leveraging NPK sensor technology and machine learning. By providing accurate and personalized nutrient recommendations, the system has the potential to revolutionize modern agriculture, enhancing productivity while promoting environmental stewardship. Further research and field trials are needed to validate and refine the system’s performance and usability, but the preliminary results show promising potential for the adoption of such system in real-world agricultural settings.