bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF SOME ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WITH APPLICATIONS
Authors: Singh Priyanka
Published: January 2025

Mathematical modeling plays a pivotal role in advancing research within the field of chemical science, providing a powerful framework for understanding complex phenomena, predicting behaviors, and optimizing processes. In this paper we highlight the importance of incorporating essential mathematical modeling techniques in chemical science research to enhance scientific understanding and technological innovation. In the first section explores the foundational principles of mathematical modeling, emphasizing its ability to represent intricate chemical processes through equations and algorithms. By translating real-world chemical phenomena into mathematical expressions, researchers can gain insights that are otherwise challenging to derive through experimentation alone.
We also delve into specific examples of mathematical models applied in chemical science, ranging from reaction kinetics and thermodynamics to transport phenomena and molecular dynamics. These models facilitate a deeper comprehension of the underlying mechanisms governing chemical reactions, enabling researchers to make informed decisions in the design and optimization of chemical processes. Furthermore, the abstract underscores the interdisciplinary nature of mathematical modeling in chemical science, emphasizing its integration with experimental data, computational simulations, and statistical analyses. Collaborative efforts between mathematicians, chemists, and engineers are crucial for developing robust models that accurately reflect the intricacies of chemical systems.
We also discuss the role of mathematical modeling in addressing contemporary challenges in chemical science, such as the design of sustainable processes, optimization of catalysts, and development of novel materials. The predictive power of mathematical models allows researchers to explore hypothetical scenarios, accelerating the identification of promising avenues for experimentation. The integration of essential mathematical modeling techniques in chemical science research. By leveraging mathematical tools, researchers can enhance their ability to understand, predict, and optimize chemical processes, ultimately contributing to the advancement of knowledge and the development of innovative solutions in the chemical sciences.
Peran Ikatan Notaris Indonesia dalam Mengawasi Etika Profesi Terkait Promosi Digital
Authors: Sinaga Maria Arlena Oktaviana
Published: January 2025

Notary is a professional position whose position is determined by law, so he can make authentic deeds to meet the needs of authentic written evidence in society, and this is a form of duty as an extension of the state, therefore notary is called a noble position.  In carrying out his position, a notary has authority, rights and obligations as well as prohibitions, and has a Notary Position Law and a Code of Ethics as a legal umbrella that regulates behavior both inside and outside of office. One of the notary's obligations is to keep the contents of the deed confidential, and one of the notary's prohibitions is to place advertisements. These two rules are often violated by notaries either through negligence or deliberately in order to seek existence and validation, by posting publications and promotions which are often persuasive in nature to attract and expand the reach of target clients, which of course aims to increase income, even though this is clearly contrary to norms and regulations, and also has the potential to cause unhealthy competition between fellow notaries. Legal enforcement of this problem needs to receive attention and law enforcement directly from the Indonesian Notary Association Organization through structural supervisors who are obliged to enforce the code of ethics and regulations therein. Supervisors should act actively to reprimand negligent notaries or simply publish and promote them in the media.  social, in order to maintain the good name of the organization, maintain the dignity of the notary profession so that the public is not skeptical and assumes that the notary profession is a profession that is solely business oriented.
Pemenuhan Syarat Verlijden dalam Pembuatan Akta Autentik Terhadap Penghadap Penyandang Disabilitas Tunarungu (Studi Komparasi Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dan Kōshōninhō)
Authors: Dewi Ni Putu Sayuri , Widyawati Sri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the obligation of Notary to analyze the obligations of notaries related to the fulfillment of the requirements for the reading of authentic deeds in the context of communication methods toward deaf visitors and to analyze the legal protection for deaf visitors in enhancing the accessibility of reading authentic deeds. The research method used in this writing is doctrinal legal research with a normative juridical approach. The result of this research by comparing the Indonesian Notary Law with Kōshōninhō, can be analyzed that the Indonesian Notary Law has not specifically regulated sign language interpreters for deaf people. Therefore, Indonesian can adopt the provision in Kōshōninhō, that the Notary is authorized to make authentic deeds for deaf persons accompanied by a certified sign language interpreter. Therefore, by having the notary state that the individual is a deaf visitors person and that a sign language interpreter assists in the reading of the deed, legal protection for deaf visitors can be achieved in the process of making an authentic deed before a Notary.
Perilaku Penelusuran Informasi Generasi Z dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Informasi di perpustakaan UIN Raden Fatah Palembang
Authors: Wahidi Ahmad , Prasetio Ardi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify and analyze the information search behavior of generation Z in meeting information needs at the UIN Raden Fatah Palembang Library. Generation Z, known as the digital generation, has unique characteristics in the way they search for and use information. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection through in-depth interviews and observations. The results of the study indicate that generation Z tends to rely on electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops to access information through online catalogs and academic databases. However, they also use physical resources such as books, although in smaller quantities.
Kunci Sukses Kinerja Karyawan: Dampak Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Kerja pada PT. Bangunpapan Idaman
Authors: Nursinta Sari Erika , Nuraeni Nuraeni
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine and analyse the effect of education level and work experience on employee performance in PT.Bangunpapan Idaman. The data obtained from the employees of PT.Bangunpapan Idaman are secondary data and primary data. The population used in this study was 70 employees. The sampling technique uses a method or saturated sampling technique where all populations are sampled. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS software. The results of the t-test calculation, the level of education has a positive and significant effect on employee performance because the tcount value is greater than the ttable with a value of 5.037> 1.996. Then it is known that the sig value is 0.000 where the sig value is less than 0.05 or 0.000 <0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that the level of education has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Work experience has a positive and significant effect on employee performance because the tcount value is greater than the ttable with a value of 4.433> 1.996. Then it is known that the sig value is 0.000 where the sig value is less than 0.05 or 0.000 <0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that work experience has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
Centenary Paper: Enfermedad, diagnóstico, tratamiento y cura: burilando hechicería en el valle del Mantaro
Authors: MOLINA M. JOAQUÍN J. A. , LEÓN-CHINCHILLA YHON
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza el circuito de proveniencia y la representación estética de un microrrelato sobre hechicería en el valle del Mantaro peruano. Grabado en un mate burilado que se encuentra en el Museo BASA (Colección de las Américas de Bonn) en Alemania, fue donado por la coleccionista Johanna Schupp en 2021. Destinados a diversos usos desde tiempos prehispánicos, los mates son objetos confeccionados con calabazas secas que luego se tallan, pigmentan o pirograban mediante diversas técnicas. El mate burilado que aquí se examina es de autoría del artista Guillermo Ventura, quien lo creó en la década de 1980 en el poblado rural de Cochas Chico. En él se representa la enfermedad andina del
Chacho
, contraída por un niño mediante un ‘Daño’ (brujería perpetrada por un hechicero), su método de diagnóstico mediante
Jubeo
de cuy, y su curación a través de una ofrenda o
Kutichi
, dedicada a la deidad tutelar que mora en la montaña local
Life in the Bubble: How a Nearby Supernova Left Ephemeral Footprints on the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum and Indelible Imprints on Life
Authors: Nojiri Caitlyn , Globus Noémie , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: January 2025

The Earth sits inside a 300 pc-wide void that was carved by a series of supernova explosions that went off tens of millions of years ago, pushing away interstellar gas and creating a bubble-like structure. The 60Fe peak deposits found in the deep-sea crust have been interpreted by the imprints left by the ejecta of supernova explosions occurring about 2–3 and 5–6 Myr ago. It is likely that the 60Fe peak at about 2–3 Myr originated from a supernova occurring in the Upper Centaurus Lupus association in Scorpius Centaurus (≈140 pc) or the Tucana-Horologium association (≈70 pc), whereas the  ≈5–6 Myr peak is likely attributed to the solar system's entrance into the bubble. In this Letter, we show that the supernova source responsible for synthesizing the 60Fe peak deposits  ≈2–3 Myr ago can consistently explain the cosmic-ray spectrum and the large-scale anisotropy between 100 TeV and 100 PeV. The cosmic-ray knee could then potentially be attributed entirely to a single nearby “PeVatron” source. Matching the intensity and shape of the cosmic-ray spectrum allows us to place stringent constraints on the cosmic-ray energy content from the supernova as well as on the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient. Making use of such constraints, we provide a robust estimate of the temporal variation of terrestrial ionizing cosmic radiation levels and discuss their implications in the development of early life on Earth by plausibly influencing the mutation rate and, as such, conceivably assisting in the evolution of complex organisms.
Dust-extinction-curve Variation in the Translucent Interstellar Medium Is Driven by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Growth
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Hensley Brandon S. , Green Gregory M.
Published: January 2025

The first all-sky, high-resolution, 3D map of the optical extinction curve of the Milky Way revealed an unexpected steepening of the extinction curve in the moderate-density, “translucent” interstellar medium (ISM). We argue that this trend is driven by growth of the total mass of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through gas-phase accretion. We find a strong anticorrelation between the slope of the optical extinction curve—parameterized by R(V)—and maps of the PAH mass fraction (relative to the total dust mass)—parameterized by q
PAH—derived from infrared emission. The range of observed q
PAH indicates PAH growth by a factor of ∼2 between A

V
 ≃ 1 and 3. This implies a factor-of-2 stronger 2175 Å feature, which is sufficient to lower R(V) by the observed amount. This level of PAH growth is possible given rapid accretion timescales and the depletion of carbon in the translucent ISM. Spectral observations by JWST would provide a definitive test of this proposed explanation of R(V) variation.
Pension expenditures and old-age poverty in OECD countries
Authors: del Carmen Ramos-Herrera María , Sosvilla-Rivero Simón
Published: January 2025

Using data from 37 OECD countries during the 1980–2020 period, this paper seeks to quantify the potential role and impacts of pension expenditures for reducing old-age poverty (66–75 and 76-and-over age groups). To that end, we applied panel data techniques controlling for key macroeconomic and demographic variables. Our results suggest that pension expenditure shows a linear and nonlinear impact on old-age poverty rates. The estimated elasticities increase (in absolute value) with the ratio of public pension expenditure to GDP, being higher (in absolute value) for the 76-and-over than for the 66–75 age group, suggesting a larger impact of pension expenditure on poverty for the oldest population group. When evaluating how each explanatory variable explains the poverty rates, we found that the macroeconomic situation is the main driver of its reduction, followed by public pension expenditure. Applying the panel dynamic threshold model, we also endogenously identified a common threshold of 7.21 in the ratio of public pension expenditures to GDP in the relationship between this variable and the poverty rate of both age groups. These results hold across various sensitivity analyses testing for structural breaks and heterogeneous relationships in the baseline empirical model and for the possibility of multiple thresholds in the threshold model. Our findings have significant implications for policymakers and researchers interested in social welfare and economic policy, providing evidence supporting the role of pension expenditures in reducing poverty among the elderly.
Federated Semantic Web Framework for Enhanced Financial Risk Control and Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Siwei
Published: January 2025

Recently, financial institutions have increasingly focused on risk control to protect assets and maintain trust. However, the sensitivity and privacy of data make data sharing for analysis challenging. Current systems typically rely on local data, making it difficult to handle cross-institutional data or complex fraudulent activities. To address this issue, we propose a financial risk control model based on the Federated Semantic Web (FSW). This model deploys a federated learning framework between banks, allowing data to be stored independently, thus ensuring privacy protection. The model automatically selects and scores risk features from transaction data using a multi-perspective topological graph, and assigns the final risk labels via a weighted voting mechanism. The central model updates and redistributes the global model based on parameters shared by local models through the federated averaging algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively identifies fraudulent transactions and predicts credit risk, meets security standards, and improves accuracy.
Christ’s redemption and giwu: Cultural contextualisation in Pamona, Indonesia
Authors: Sunkudon Pieter G.O. , Daud Daud , Juanda Juanda , Tjandra Yewin , Paranoan Selmita
Published: January 2025

This article examines the contextualisation of the concept of Christ’s redemption in Pamona culture in Central Sulawesi, focussing on the practice of giwu as a restorative mechanism against social and ethical transgressions. Giwu serves to restore social balance and relationship with Pue Mpalaburu, the Creator, similar to Christ’s redemption which restores human relationship with God. This research compares the similarities and differences between the two, identifying challenges and opportunities in integrating Christian teachings with giwu practices. With a faithful and global contextualisation approach, the article explores ways to translate and apply the gospel message in the local cultural context, without compromising theological integrity.Contribution: The results of this study are expected to enrich theological understanding and support the Christian mission within the Pamona community.
Emigration of South Africans to the West: Sociological and missiological implications
Authors: Magezi Christopher
Published: January 2025

A huge number of South Africans, including Christians, are emigrating to the Western world, which is experiencing a serious regression in Christianity. Unfortunately, the contribution made by South African Christian emigrants has not been sufficiently examined; hence there is no literature on this particular topic. Given this, the objective of this article was to provide a comprehensive discussion of the contemporary emigration situation in South Africa and assess how South African emigrants can evangelise the post-Christendom West, which is, fortunately, still Christian and Christian tolerant. The article dialogued with relevant literature to accomplish the proposed objective and provide an overview of the push and pull factors of why South Africans emigrate to the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States of America, New Zealand and many other countries, all of which used to send missionaries abroad, but they are now experiencing exponential growth in atheism. Further, the article discussed the unprecedented growth of Christianity in Africa, particularly South Africa, in contrast to the opposite trends in the Western world, thus, establishing how South African Christian emigrants can contribute towards evangelising the post-Christendom West, according to the biblical notion that God advances his kingdom through migration in centripetal and centrifugal ways. Thus, although the emigration of South African Christians to the West is associated with pain and sorrow, it is not an accident, but God uses it in his scheme to accomplish his redemptive purposes and plans for the world. In this case, emigration in South Africa is viewed as a missiological opportunity.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The focus of the article is interdisciplinary, that is, it discusses the emigration phenomenon in South Africa (migration) and its contribution to the advancement of God’s Kingdom to the West (missiology). The article challenges South African Christian emigrants to the Western world to perceive their migration as an evangelical and missiological opportunity.
Prone versus prone-flexed position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taha Diaa-Eldin , Ibrahim Ali , Zeid Ahmed , Shokry Eslam , Abdelbaky Tarek , Nabeeh Hossam
Published: January 2025

Background:

The aim of this study intends to assess prone and flexed prone positions for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for safety and efficacy.

Methods:

From May 2017 to August 2022, a stratified randomized approach was carried out to randomly assign 346 PNL candidates into prone or flexed prone groups. Perioperative data, such as stone-free rate, stay length, operative time, and complication rates, were studied.

Results:

In the prone and flexed prone groups, the mean ages of 51.7 ± 12.2 and 49.4 ± 11.9 min, respectively (P = 0.1). The mean body mass indexes of 24.2 ± 13.4 and 29.9 ± 11.9, respectively (P = 0.03). The pyelocaliceal perforation occurred in 15 (8%) and 11 (6.4%) participants, respectively. In the prone and flexed prone postures, postoperative bleeding occurred in 15 (7.9%) and 9 (5.4%) patients, respectively (P = 1.0). The average percentage decrease in hemoglobin concentration was 1.29 ± 0.42 and 1.21 ± 0.32, respectively (P < 0.000). The success rates were 92 and 93.6%, respectively (P = 0.6). The average access length was 3.9 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 1.8 min (P = 0.08), whereas the average operation duration was 68.7 ± 37.4 and 50.4 ± 21.9 min (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Both the prone and prone-flexed positions are equally safe for PNL. The flexed prone position is more likely to be beneficial for obese patients. The prone-flexed position enabled a somewhat shorter average operation time. The pelvicalyceal system could be more readily reached when the prone position was flexed.
Saudi urologists’ treatment pattern for high-risk Bacillus Calmette–Guérin naïve and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Alghafees Mohammad , Chakra Mohamad Abou , Alkhayal Abdullah , Moussa Mohamad , Alkhamees Mohammad , Alsaikhan Bader , Alasker Ahmed , Alsayyari Abdulrahman , Alsaghyir Abdullah , Alkahtani Ali , O'Donnell Michael A.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The objective is to learn how Saudi Arabia’s urologists treat patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and their choices in management for BCG-naive patients during the BCG shortage.

Materials and Methods:

A 10-min web-based survey was sent through the King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences’ College of Medicine Clinical Affairs to urologists treating NMIBC based on the Saudi Urologic Association Database.

Results:

The questionnaire was completed by 19 urologists, most of whom (68%) were self-identified as urologic oncologists. In the 6 months before survey administration, the majority of urologists (67% of those surveyed) had treated over five NMIBC patients who had failed BCG therapy. The preferred course of treatment for these patients was a radical cystectomy, as advised by 79% of the participants. Other preferred options were intravesical chemotherapy (16%) and repeat BCG therapy (5%). Clinical trials were never chosen. Sixty percent gemcitabine (Gem), 20% mitomycin C, 10% docetaxel (Doce), and 10% sequential Gem/Doce were rated as the most preferred intravesical chemotherapy regimens used. Saudi urologists were most reluctant to utilize intravesical chemotherapy because of uncertainty about the treatment’s clinical effectiveness (oncological safety) and the absence of specific guidelines from urology societies regarding the use of these drugs. BCG shortages are still a problem in Saudi Arabia, as 79% of respondents reported shortages. Most commonly, during BCG shortages, Saudi urologists rationed BCG to patients with high-risk disease, preferring pT1and/or carcinoma in situ to Ta high grade. The minority (16%) switch to intravesical chemotherapy in these circumstances.

Conclusions:

Saudi urologists have begun employing a bladder-sparing strategy, particularly intravesical chemotherapy, for BCG-unresponsive disease. To properly select treatment for this condition, there is an urgent need to implement initiatives to open clinical trials and provide guideline-based protocols to Saudi Arabia and throughout the Arab world.
Miniperc percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of juxta uretero-pelvic junction upper ureteric calculi: A prospective, randomized control study
Authors: Koushik T. P. Pradhyumna , Meyyappan Vivek , Aher Nakul Baban , Sekar Hariharasudhan , Thiruvengadam Gayathri , Krishnamoorthy Sriram
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Treatment of upper ureteric calculi has always remained a challenge for urologists. Treating the juxta-UPJ stones has been even more challenging. Difficulties in access, the possibility of up migration of stones, higher chances of leaving behind residual fragments, and the need for ancillary procedures like ESWL or relook URS have been a few inherent limitations in treating such stones. Offering PCNL for smaller stones was considered an overkill by many urologists. However, with the advent of miniaturized PCNL and improvisations in RIRS techniques, more and more of such stones are tackled with ease.

Objective:

To compare the safety and efficacy of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (Miniperc PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the management of juxta pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) calculi, located between 1 and 2 cm from PUJ.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, randomized study was done on 100 patients with upper ureteric stones up to 2 cm in size and within 2 cm from PUJ. Patients with odd numbers were assigned Group A (Miniperc PCNL, n = 50) and even numbers were assigned to Group B (RIRS, n = 50).

Results:

Stone-free rates were 92% for Group A and 72% for Group B (P < 0.0174). Mean operative time was significantly shorter in Group A than Group B (53.2 min vs. 68.52 min, P < 0.001). Hospital stay was longer for Group A (47.42 h) compared to Group B (29.36 h, P < 0.001). Lasing time was more with RIRS than with PCNL (10.18 min vs. 3.24 min, P < 0.001). The complications were more in Group A than Group B, but not significant (P = 0.160). Postoperative pain and time to return to normal activities were significantly better in Group B RIRS (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Both Miniperc PCNL and RIRS are the effective treatments for upper ureteric stones. Miniperc PCNL has advantages in terms of shorter operative time, lesser lasing time, and better stone free rates. RIRS demonstrated reduced hospital stay, reduced postoperative pain, and quicker recovery. Miniperc PCNL showed a higher stone-free rate for treating upper ureteric stones up to 2 cm. RIRS is effective for treating stones up to 2 cm in upper ureter reducing the complications associated with Miniperc PCNL.
Incidence of prostate adenocarcinoma in transurethral resection of the prostate patients
Authors: Ghazwani Yahia , Alhaider Abdullah , Aldharab Rakan , Aldumiaikhi Faisal , Albogami Nasser , Alathel Abdulaziz , Alothman Ali , Abusaris Raghib , Alshahwan Mosaad , Alhamad Fahad , Aljaafri Ziyad , Alduraibi Khalid
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aims to present the prevalence of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) based on pathology reports of prostate tissue chips following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), as well as to assess cancer’s stage, associated risk factors, and treatment modalities upon diagnosis.

Methods:

This cross-sectional retrospective study included patients who underwent TURP between 2015 and 2023. Patients with a preexisting PCa diagnosis were excluded, resulting in the analysis of 418 patients. Data collected encompassed basic characteristics, personal history of malignancies unrelated to IPCa, prostate volume, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. IPCa cases were identified through the pathology reports of the prostatic chips. In addition, cancer stage, Gleason score, treatment choices, and outcomes were documented for IPCa cases.

Results:

Among the 418 patients who underwent TURP, 35 were diagnosed with IPCa, yielding a prevalence rate of 8.4% (95% confidence interval: 5.7%–11.0%). Of these cases, 13 (37.1%) exhibited metastatic disease, and 4 (11.8%) resulted in patient mortality. IPCa patients were found to have significantly higher PSA levels and smaller prostate volumes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated PSA density, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease, significantly influenced the likelihood of IPCa (P < 0.05). Mann–Whitney testing revealed that patients with metastatic disease had a median Gleason score of 9, whereas those with localized disease had a median score of 7 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study disclosed an IPCa prevalence of 8.4%, with IPCa patients exhibiting elevated PSA levels and reduced prostate volumes, suggesting that PSA density is a valuable tool for evaluating patients with borderline PSA levels.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 2: A New biomarker for digestive tract cancers
Authors: Gunizi Ozlem Ceren , Elpek Gulsum Ozlem
Published: January 2025

In this editorial, the roles of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 2 (PTPN2) in oncogenic transformation and tumor behavior and its potential as a therapeutic target in the context of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are presented with respect to the article by Li et al published in ninth issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology . PTPN2 is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family of signaling proteins that play crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, early findings highlighted the contribution of PTPN2 to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders related to its dysfunction. On the other hand, recent studies have indicated that PTPN2 has many different roles in different cancer types, which is associated with the complexity of its regulatory network. PTPN2 dephosphorylates and inactivates EGFR, SRC family kinases, JAK1 and JAK3, and STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in cell type- and context-dependent manners, which indicates that PTPN2 can perform either prooncogenic or anti-oncogenic functions depending on the tumor subtype. While PTPN2 has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment, to the best of ourknowledge, no clear treatment protocol has referred to PTPN2. Although there are only few studies that investigated PTPN2 expression in the GI system cancers, which is a potential limitation, the association of this protein with tumor behavior and the influence of PTPN2 on many therapy-related signaling pathways emphasize that PTPN2 could serve as a new molecular biomarker to predict tumor behavior and as a target for therapeutic intervention against GI cancers. In conclusion, more studies should be performed to better understand the prognostic and therapeutic potential of PTPN2 in GI tumors, especially in tumors resistant to therapy.
Advancements and challenges in esophageal carcinoma prognostic models: A comprehensive review and future directions
Authors: Chen Jia , Xing Qi-Chang
Published: January 2025

In this article, we comment on the article published by Yu et al . By employing LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazard models, the article identified nine significant variables affecting survival, including body mass index, Karnofsky performance status, and tumor-node-metastasis staging. We firmly concur with Yu et al regarding the vital significance of clinical prediction models (CPMs), including logistic regression and Cox regression for assessment in esophageal carcinoma (EC). However, the nomogram's limitations and the complexities of integrating genetic factors pose challenges. The integration of immunological data with advanced statistics offers new research directions. High-throughput sequencing and big data, facilitated by machine learning, have revolutionized cancer research but require substantial computational resources. The future of CPMs in EC depends on leveraging these technologies to improve predictive accuracy and clinical application, addressing the need for larger datasets, patient-reported outcomes, and regular updates for clinical relevance.
Clinicopathological and radiological characteristics and prediction of survival in colon cancer
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kaw Payal
Published: January 2025

There are various histological characteristics which have been proposed to predict the survival rate in colon cancer. However, there is no definitive model to accurately predict the survival. Therefore, it is important to find out one model for the prediction of survival in colon cancer which may also include the preoperative, and operative factors in addition to histopathology.
Radiotherapy dosage: A neural network approach for uninvolved liver dose in stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver cancer
Authors: Krishnan Arunkumar
Published: January 2025

A recent study by Zhang et al developed a neural network-based predictive model for estimating doses to the uninvolved liver during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in liver cancer. The study reported a significant advancement in personalized radiotherapy by improving accuracy and reducing treatment-related toxicity. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance with R -values above 0.8, indicating its potential to improve treatment consistency. However, concerns arise from the small sample size and exclusion criteria, which may limit generalizability. Future studies should incorporate larger, more diverse patient cohorts, explore potential confounding factors such as tumor characteristics and delivery technique variability, and address the long-term effects of SBRT.
Enhancing rectal cancer liver metastasis prediction: Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics, bias mitigation, and regulatory considerations
Authors: Zhang Yuwei
Published: January 2025

In this article, we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology . Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis (MLM), yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for non-invasive techniques to improve patient outcomes. Long et al ’s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM. The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets. The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve (AUC) and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance, robustness, and generalizability. By employing advanced algorithms, the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction, enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning. However, variations in MRI parameters, such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities, patient heterogeneity (e.g. , age, comorbidities), and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases. Additionally, confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability. With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare, compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice. In the future, clinicians may be able to utilize data-driven, patient-centric artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data, which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies. Combining radiomics, genomics, histological data, and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.
Landscape of four different stages of human gastric cancer revealed by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Tang Xu-Shan , Xu Chun-Lei , Li Na , Zhang Jian-Qing , Tang Yong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a substantial risk to human health due to its high prevalence and mortality rates. Nevertheless, current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers the potential to provide comprehensive insights into GC pathogenesis.

AIM

To explore the distribution and dynamic changes of cell populations in the GC tumor microenvironment using scRNA-seq techniques.

METHODS

Cancerous tissues and paracancerous tissues were obtained from patients diagnosed with GC at various stages (I, II, III, and IV). Single-cell suspensions were prepared and analyzed using scRNA-seq to examine transcriptome profiles and cell-cell interactions. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were applied for measuring the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 2, CD3D, CD3E, cytokeratin 19, cytokeratin 8, and epithelial cell adhesion molecules.

RESULTS

Transcriptome data from 73645 single cells across eight tissues of four patients were categorized into 25 distinct cell clusters, representing 10 different cell types. Variations were observed in these cell type distribution. The adjacent epithelial cells in stages II and III exhibited a degenerative trend. Additionally, the quantity of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells were evidently elevated in cancerous tissues. Interaction analysis displayed a remarkable increase in interaction between B cells and other mast cells in stages II, III, and IV of GC. These findings were further validated through qRT-PCR and flow cytometry, demonstrating elevated T cells and declined epithelial cells within the cancerous tissues.

CONCLUSION

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of cell dynamics across GC stages, highlighting key interactions within the tumor microenvironment. These findings offer valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Long , Wu Qi , Zhang Zong-Wen , Zhang Hui , Jin Hui , Zhou Xin-Liang , Liu Jia-Yin , Li Dan , Liu Yan , Fan Zhi-Song
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) and its receptor (CSF3R) are known to promote gastric cancer (GC) growth and metastasis. However, their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear. Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) in GC. We hypothesized that CSF3/CSF3R may regulate LILRB2 and its ligands, angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), contributing to immunosuppression.

AIM

To investigate the relationship between CSF3/CSF3R and LILRB2, as well as its ligands ANGPTL2 and HLA-G, in GC.

METHODS

Transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed, stratifying patients by CSF3R expression. Differentially expressed genes and immune checkpoints were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on GC tissues. Correlation analyses of CSF3R, LILRB2, ANGPTL2, and HLA-G were conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas data and IHC results. GC cells were treated with CSF3, and expression levels of LILRB2, ANGPTL2, and HLA-G were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

RESULTS

Among 122 upregulated genes in high CSF3R expression groups, LILRB2 showed the most significant increase. IHC results indicated high expression of LILRB2 (63.0%), ANGPTL2 (56.5%), and HLA-G (73.9%) in GC tissues. Strong positive correlations existed between CSF3R and LILRB2, ANGPTL2, and HLA-G mRNA levels (P < 0.001). IHC confirmed positive correlations between CSF3R and LILRB2 (P < 0.001), and HLA-G (P = 0.010), but not ANGPTL2 (P > 0.05). CSF3 increased LILRB2, ANGPTL2, and HLA-G expression in GC cells. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 modulation significantly altered their expression, impacting CSF3’s regulatory effects.

CONCLUSION

The CSF3/CSF3R pathway may contribute to immunosuppression in GC by upregulating LILRB2 and its ligands, with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 playing a regulatory role.
Correction to: METTL5 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by up-regulating Toll-like receptor 8 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kong Ling-Shang , Tao Ran , Li Yi-Fan , Wang Wen-Bin , Zhao Xue
Published: January 2025

Correction to “METTL5 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by up-regulating Toll-like receptor 8 expression in colorectal cancer” in World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(5): 2006-2017, published by Kong LS, Tao R, Li YF, Wang WB, and Zhao X. In this article, we added the correct images.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MUTRASAMGRAHANIYA KARMA (ANTIDIURETIC) OF AMRASTHI MAJJA CHURNA (KERNEL POWDER OF MANGIFERA
INDICA LINN.) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRABHUT-MUTRATA (POLYURIA)
AS PER SAMANYA-VISHESHA SIDDHANTA.
Authors: G. Anarse Jyoti , Chaudhari Manojkumar , Chaudhari Yogita
Published: January 2025

Background: Acharya Charaka classified medicinal plants based on their pharmaco-therapeutic properties, providing a valuable reference for Ayurvedic practitioners. In the Shadvirechanashatashritiya chapter, he de-scribed the Mutrasangrahaniya (anti-diuretic) Mahakashaya. According to Ayurvedic texts, Prabhuta Mutrata (polyuria) is characterised by increased frequency and volume of urination. This condition is commonly ob-served in disorders such as Prameha (diabetes and metabolic disorders), Arsha (haemorrhoids), Jwara (fever), and several other pathological states. Polyuria often causes significant social discomfort and embarrassment for affected individuals. In this context, Amra (Mangifera indica Linn.), a plant included in the Mutrasangrahaniya Mahakashaya, was selected for a clinical trial to evaluate its efficacy in managing Prabhuta Mutrata. Methods: The study included 40 randomly selected subjects based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Amrasthi Majja Churna (3 g) was administered orally twice daily before meals for 30 days. The primary symptom, urinary frequency during day and night, was assessed using a gradation scale. The non-parametric data obtained from the study were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Conclusion: This study provided evidence to revalidate the concept of Mutrasangrahaniya Karma (anti-diuretic action) of Amrasthi Majja Churna in the management of Prabhuta Mutrata (polyuria), in alignment with the Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta (the principle of similarity and dissimilarity) described in Ayurveda.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF YAVAKSHARA W. S. R. TO CLASSICAL
MEDICINE PREPARATION METHOD
Authors: Rashmi Babar
Published: January 2025

Kshara is a unique medicinal preparation mentioned in Ayurveda. Classically prepared Ksharas have proper
chemical composition and properties and give desired results when used in treatment. Inappropriate and ambiguously made Ksharas available in the market at cheaper rates, have different chemical compositions. To study the
difference, we prepared Yavakshara using the classical method mentioned in the texts. We compared it with two
other samples taken from the market, i.e. samples V and S. After chemical analysis of all three samples; we found
that classically prepared Yavakshara had a higher percentage of potassium (67.76% as KCl) than market samples
V (0.81%) and S (14.42%). The market samples of Yavakshara contain higher amounts of sodium as NaCl; sample V (23.25%) and S (49.11%), whereas classically made Yavakshara is only 19.08%. This indicates that marketavailable ksharas are like a common salt. Classically prepared Yavakshara is mainly a mixture of potassium and
sodium salts in lesser quantities, per the API monograph. Hence, classically made Yavakshara is a more appropriate, good-quality end product than market-available samples.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SURYAPAKI
PRITHVISARA TAILA, I.E. WITH AND WITHOUT SODHANA
Authors: L Sreelakshmi. , Babu Saran , S Vikram
Published: January 2025

Sneha Kalpana is a unique dosage form in Ayurveda pharmaceutics. The method of Sneha preparation is of two
types: Agnipaka Vidhi and Surya paka vidhi. Agnipaka vidhi Taila preparations are more well-documented,
whereas Suryapaka vidhi taila preparations are less and less documented. Methods: Prithvisara taila is told in
Chakradutta Kusta roga Chikista. This Taila contains Visha Dravya’s, contemplating this a pharmaceutical and
analytical study was conducted on this Taila i.e. with two batches with and without Shodhana. Results: The analytical study of both batches of Prithvisara Taila is the same except for the peroxide value and saponification value, which is higher in the Ashodhita batch, which might affect their shelf life and more prone to Rancidity compared to the Shodhita batch. Conclusion: The outcome is that the Shodhita Taila have more shelf life compared to
Ashodhita Taila
UNDERSTANDING SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FROM MODERN MEDICINE TO AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: W. A. S Tharangani, , K.A.D.T Harshamali, , H. P Wakkumbura, , W. A. L. C Weliwita,
Published: January 2025

This research explores spontaneous abortion (SA) through modern medical and Ayurvedic perspectives, address-ing its definition, prevalence, aetiology, classification, and pathophysiology. A narrative literature review was carried out on spontaneous abortion, which involved synthesising and summarising the existing research on the topic in a cohesive narrative form. An extensive literature search for relevant studies regarding Spontaneous Abortion and its Ayurvedic correlation was conducted using the PubMed Central database from 2000 to 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the process. SA is broadly defined as the loss of pregnancy before 20–24 weeks of gestation or of a fetus weighing under 500 g. While globally, 10–15% of clinically recognised pregnancies end in miscarriage, actual rates may be higher due to undetected losses. Factors such as chromosomal abnormalities, uterine malfor-mations, autoimmune conditions, and lifestyle influences contribute to SA, with many cases remaining idio-pathic. Modern insights highlight mechanisms like tissue necrosis, inflammation, thrombosis, and genetic or ep-igenetic changes. The Ayurvedic framework classifies pregnancy loss as Garbhasrava and Garbhapata, corre-lating with fetal development stages. Conditions like Puthraghni Yonivyapath and Garbhasravi Vandhyatva em-phasise dietary, lifestyle, and psychological factors that aggravate Vata and Pitta doshas, leading to Rakta-pitta dushti (blood vitiation) and Kshetra dushti (uterine dysfunction). Ayurvedic etiologies align with modern risk factors like endometrial insufficiency, inflammatory responses, and chromosomal abnormalities. The Ayurvedic focus on Ritu (timing), Kshetra (uterine health), Ambu (nutrition), and Beeja (genetic quality) parallels modern reproductive health concepts such as preconception care and uterine receptivity. Integrating these insights from Ayurveda and modern medicine offers a holistic approach to SA prevention and management, highlighting the potential for complementary therapies to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.
EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF DURALABHADI KASHAYA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Sam Archana , Pratap Arun , R Lekshmi
Published: January 2025

The article explores the therapeutic potential of Duralabhadi Kashaya, a polyherbal formulation, comprising of
Duralabha, Pashanabheda, Harithaki, Kantakari, Yastimadhu and Dhanyaka. It is indicated in Mutrakrichra and
its associated conditions. Duralabhadi Kashaya is known for its comprehensive therapeutic properties including
the Rasapanchaka and chemical constituents. This formulation includes drugs having antiinflammatory, diuretic
and antibacterial activity. This review article is an attempt to describe the probable mode of action of this formulation through Rasapanchaka and chemical constituents.
COLLECTION OF RASAYANA DRUGS MENTIONED IN BRHATRAYI: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhattotia Sheetal , Kaur Manpreet , Kumar Sharma Kamlesh , Kumar Bairwa Mahesh
Published: January 2025

Ayurveda is one of the most ancient life sciences and has always been practised in the form of Ashtanga Ayurveda. Rasayana tantra (Geriatrics) is one of the eight major clinical disciplines aiming at rejuvenation and geriatric
care. It fulfils both the aims of Ayurveda, i.e. maintaining & promoting the positive health of healthy individuals
and curing the diseases of the diseased . Descriptions of various single Rasayana drugs & Rasayana formulations,
along with their particular uses, are available in various texts of different periods, but no separate samhita or book
is found for it. Hence, here, an effort has been made to compile the scattered Rasayana drugs (as single or formulations) mainly mentioned in Brihatrayi.
THE CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF ANUKTA VYADHI ITS DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT APPROACH : A REVIEW ARTICLE.
Authors: Kalamkar Gayatri , Bhusewar Minal , Ranveer Pranita
Published: January 2025

Anukta means unstated/unsaid/hidden. Anukta Vyadhi means the disease not explained in the Ayurvedic text. In the
present era, due to drastic changes in climate, environment, and standard of living, many newer diseases have arisen,
which are not mentioned in Samhita. To solve this problem, Acharya has stated that Anukta Vyadhi should be treated
as per Hetu and vitiated Dosha and their Sthana. The concept of Anukta helps in understanding the classical concept
and sets a base for understanding new diseases with a diagnostic and treatment approach.