bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia and aortic valve disease
Authors: Kumar Manish , Pettinato Anthony , Ladha Feria , Earp Jacob E , Jain Varun , Patil Shivaraj , Engelman Daniel T , Robinson Peter F , Moumneh Mohamad B , Goyal Parag , Damluji Abdulla A
Published: April 2024

Valvular heart disease, including calcific or degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), is increasingly prevalent among the older adult population. Over the last few decades, treatment of severe AS has been revolutionised following the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Despite improvements in outcomes, older adults with competing comorbidities and geriatric syndromes have suboptimal quality of life outcomes, highlighting the cumulative vulnerability that persists despite valve replacement. Sarcopenia, characterised by loss of muscle strength, mass and function, affects 21%–70% of older adults with AS. Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of short-term and long-term outcomes after TAVR and should be incorporated as a prognostic marker in preprocedural planning. Early diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia may reduce morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life following TAVR. The adverse effects of sarcopenia can be mitigated through resistance training and optimisation of nutritional status. This is most efficacious when administered before sarcopenia has progressed to advanced stages. Management should be individualised based on the patient’s wishes/preferences, care goals and physical capability. Exercise during the preoperative waiting period may be safe and effective in most patients with severe AS. However, future studies are needed to establish the benefits of prehabilitation in improving quality of life outcomes after TAVR procedures.
The Impact of potential ‘confounders’ on the diagnostic sensitivity of circulating free DNA in management of FIT+ patients: a pilot study
Authors: Scimia Mauro , Pepe Francesco , Russo Gianluca , Palumbo Lucia , Malapelle Umberto , Chuang Rachel , Scimia Simone , Sha Michael , Tanaka Hiromi , Shen Shuo , Chen David , Troncone Giancarlo , Bianco Maria Antonia
Published: April 2024

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has long been established as a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in a variety of clinical settings, ranging from infectious to cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. However, non-neoplastic diseases can act as confounders impacting on the amount of cfDNA shed in bloodstream and on technical feasibility of tumour derived free circulating nucleic acids selecting patients with cancer. Here, we investigated the potential impact of other pathological processes in the clinical stratification of 637 FIT+ patients. A single and multiple logistic regression yielded similar results. Crude sensitivity was 75.9% versus adjusted sensitivity of 74.1%, relative risk 0.9761 (0.8516 to 1.1188), risk difference 0.0181 (−0.0835 to 0.1199) and OR 0.9079 (0.5264 to 1.5658). Potential confounding effect from other source of cfDNA plays a pivotal role in the clinical stratification of FIT+ patients.
Rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Leavy Olivia C , Kawano-Dourado Leticia , Stewart Iain D , Quint Jennifer K , Solomon Joshua J , Borie Raphael , Crestani Bruno , Wain Louise V , Jenkins Gisli , Dieudé Philippe , Minelli Cosetta
Published: April 2024

Background

A usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung injury is a key feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is also observed in up to 40% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). The RA-UIP phenotype could result from either a causal relationship of RA on UIP or vice versa, or from a simple co-occurrence of RA and IPF due to shared demographic, genetic or environmental risk factors.

Methods

We used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) to test the hypothesis of a causal effect of RA on UIP and of UIP on RA, using variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RA (separately for seropositive (18 019 cases and 991 604 controls) and seronegative (8515 cases and 1 015 471 controls) RA) and of IPF (4125 cases and 20 464 controls) as genetic instruments. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results to violations of the MR assumptions.

Findings

IPF showed a significant causal effect on seropositive RA, with developing IPF increasing the risk of seropositive RA (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.08, p<0.001) which was robust under all models. For the MR in the other direction, seropositive RA showed a significant protective effect on IPF (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99; p=0.032), but the effect was not significant when sensitivity analyses were applied. This was likely because of bias due to exclusion of patients with RA from among the cases in the IPF GWAS, or possibly because our genetic instruments did not fully capture the effect of the complex human leucocyte antigen region, the strongest RA genetic risk factor.

Interpretation

Our findings support the hypothesis that RA-UIP may be due to a cause–effect relationship between UIP and RA, rather than due to a coincidental occurrence of IPF in patients with RA. The significant causal effect of IPF on seropositive RA suggests that pathomechanisms involved in the development of UIP may promote RA, and this may help inform future guidelines on screening for ILD in patients with RA.
Reframing engineering design: integrating design thinking and systems thinking in engineering education and practice to address wicked problems
Authors: Wilson Eric , Dunne David , Bergen Terry , Mukhopadhyaya Phalguni
Published: April 2024

The conceptualization of “engineering design”, as outlined by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), has shifted over the years, however, the gap in engineering education remains a prevailing deficiency in engineering education and practice lies in the exclusion of non-technical competencies (such as empathy, communication, innovation, and creativity) that are impeding engineers from effectively addressing complex issues. These frameworks offer a robust methodology for tackling complex, dynamic, and interconnected challenges—referred to as “wicked problems”. In addition, this paper proposes a fourth-year engineering design course that explicitly incorporates these approaches, addressing the identified gap in social competencies within engineering education. By integrating these approaches into the foundation of engineering design education, there may be an avenue to equip engineers with the skills needed to empathize with stakeholders, understand contextual landscapes and generate meaningful solutions that contribute positively to society.
Bubble universe from flat spaces
Authors: Guendelman Eduardo , Portnoy Jacov
Published: April 2024

We show by matching two flat spaces one in Minkowski coordinates ( empty space) and the other in Minkowski coordinates after a special conformal transformation (also empty space) through a bubble with positive and constant surface tension, that the motion of the bubble is hyperbolic. If the surface tension is very big the initial size of the bubble is as small as we wish, so that we can indeed obtain an infinite universe out of empty spaces. The induced space in the bubble is de Sitter type.
Quantum Brownian motion induced by a scalar field in Einstein’s universe
Authors: J. B. Ferreira E. , Santana Mota H. F.
Published: April 2024

The Brownian motion of a point particle induced by quantum vacuum fluctuations of a massless real scalar field in Einstein’s universe is studied. By assuming the small displacement condition, the dispersion in the momentum and position of a point particle coupled to the massless scalar field are obtained. As a consequence of the homogeneity and isotropy properties of the Einstein’s Universe, we find that all components of these physical observables are identical. We also examine divergent behaviors associated with the physical momentum and position dispersions, which we attribute to the IR$$^{1}\times $$

1

×

S$$^{3}$$

3

compact topology of Einstein’s universe. Finally, based on the small displacement condition assumed, we analyze the limit of validity of our investigation.
Study on the accidental background of the JSNS$$^2$$ experiment
Authors: Lee D. H. , Ajimura S. , Cheoun M. K. , Choi J. H. , Choi J. Y. , Dodo T. , Goh J. , Haga K. , Harada M. , Hasegawa S. , Hiraiwa T. , Hwang W. , Jang H. I. , Jang J. S. , Jeon H. , Jeon S. , Joo K. K. , Jung D. E. , Kang S. K. , Kasugai Y. , Kawasaki T. , Kim E. J. , Kim J. Y. , Kim S. B. , Kim W. , Kinoshita H. , Konno T. , Lim I. T. , Little C. , Marzec E. , Maruyama T. , Masuda S. , Meigo S. , Monjushiro S. , Moon D. H. , Nakano T. , Niiyama M. , Nishikawa K. , Pac M. Y. , Park H. W. , Park J. S. , Park R. G. , Peeters S. J. M. , Rott C. , Sakai K. , Sakamoto S. , Shima T. , Shin C. D. , Spitz J. , Suekane F. , Sugaya Y. , Suzuya K. , Taira M. , Yamaguchi Y. , Yeh M. , Yeo I. S. , Yoo C. , Yu I.
Published: April 2024

JSNS$$^2$$

2

 (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that searches for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $$\bar{\nu }_{\mu } \rightarrow \bar{\nu }_{e}$$

ν

¯

μ

→

ν

¯

e

 appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. The JSNS$$^2$$

2

 experiment performed data taking from 2021. In this manuscript, a study of the accidental background is presented. The rate of the accidental background is ($$9.29\pm 0.39) \times 10^{-8}$$

9.29
±
0.39
)
×

10

-
8

/spill with 0.75 MW beam power and comparable to the expected number of signal events.
Relativistic BGK hydrodynamics
Authors: Singha Pracheta , Bhadury Samapan , Mukherjee Arghya , Jaiswal Amaresh
Published: April 2024

Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) collision kernel is employed in the Boltzmann equation to formulate relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics. In this formulation, we find that there remains freedom of choosing a matching condition that affects the scalar transport in the system. We also propose a new collision kernel which, unlike BGK collision kernel, is valid in the limit of zero chemical potential and derive relativistic first-order dissipative hydrodynamics using it. We study the effects of this new formulation on the coefficient of bulk viscosity.
Study on water inrush risk of overlying old goaf water in fully mechanized caving mining of lower coal group
Authors: Yang Zhilong , Zhu Shuyun , Chen Yingzhou
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on the risk of water inrush from the old goaf water of the upper coal group to the first mining face of the lower coal group under the condition of fully mechanized caving mining. Data from the 2101 working face of the No. 15 coal seam in the Wulihou Coal Mine were used to calculate the height of the water-conducting fracture zone on the first mining working face and the floor failure depth in the overlying No. 5 coal seam. An engineering geological model was developed, considering the lithological combination of the upper and lower coal groups, as well as the geological and hydrogeological conditions. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyse the deformation and failure characteristics of the roof and floor after dual-seam mining. The results revealed a floor damage depth of 12 m and a water-conducting fracture zone height of 109 m. Field monitoring data confirmed that after mining the 2101 working face, there was no water inrush risk from the overlying old goaf water into the No. 15 coal seam through the water-conducting fracture zone. The research results provide a reference for preventing water inrush accidents in similar fully mechanized top coal caving mining under the old goaf water.
What Makes XR Dark? Examining Emerging Dark Patterns in Augmented and Virtual Reality through Expert Co-Design
Authors: Krauß Veronika , Saeghe Pejman , Boden Alexander , Khamis Mohamed , McGill Mark , Gugenheimer Jan , Nebeling Michael
Published: April 2024

Dark patterns are deceptive designs that influence a user’s interactions with an interface to benefit someone other than the user. Prior work has identified dark patterns in windows, icons, menus, and pointer (WIMP) interfaces and ubicomp environments, but how dark patterns can manifest in Augmented and Virtual Reality (collectively XR) requires more attention. We therefore conducted 10 co-design workshops with 20 experts in XR and deceptive design. Our participants co-designed 42 scenarios containing dark patterns, based on application archetypes presented in recent HCI/XR literature. In the co-designed scenarios, we identified 10 novel dark patterns in addition to 39 existing ones, as well as 10 examples in which specific characteristics associated with XR potentially amplified the effect dark patterns could have on users. Based on our findings and prior work, we present a classification of XR-specific properties that facilitate dark patterns: perception, spatiality, physical/virtual barriers, and XR device sensing. We also present the experts’ assessments of the likelihood and severity of the co-designed scenarios and highlight key aspects they considered for this evaluation, for example, technological feasibility, ease of upscaling and distributing malicious implementations, and the application’s context of use. Finally, we discuss means to mitigate XR dark patterns and support regulatory bodies to reduce potential harms.
Co-Design Smart Disaster Management Systems with Indigenous Communities
Authors: Tsai Chun-Hua , Huang Chenyu , Chen Yu-Che , Zendejas Edouardo , Krafka Sarah , Zendejas Jordan
Published: April 2024

Tribal governments bear an uneven burden in the face of escalating disaster risks, climate change, and environmental degradation, primarily due to their deeply entrenched ties to the environment and its resources. Regrettably, accessing vital information and evidence to secure adequate funding or support poses difficulties for enrolled tribal members and their lands. In response to these challenges, this article collaborates with tribal nations to co-design intelligent disaster management systems using AI chatbots and drone technologies. The primary objective is to explore how tribal governments perceive and experience these emerging technologies in the realm of disaster reporting practices. This article presents participatory design studies. First, we interviewed seasoned first-line emergency managers and hosted an in-person design workshop to introduce the
Emergency Reporter
chatbot. Second, we organized a follow-up design workshop on tribal land to deliberate the utilization of drones within their community. Through qualitative analysis, we unveiled key themes surrounding integrating these emergency technologies within the jurisdiction of tribal governments. The findings disclosed substantial backing from tribal governments and their tribal members for the proposed technologies. Moreover, we delved into the potential of chatbots and drones to empower tribal governments in disaster management, safeguard their sovereignty, and facilitate collaboration with other agencies.

1
Effect of Solvent Ratio (Ethylene Glycol/Water) in the Synthesis of Pt/C Cathode Catalysts on PEM Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Böhm Daniel , Mangoufis-Giasin Iosif , Mirzayeva Farah , Vajic Zeljana , Hoeft Hendrik , Hengge Katharina , Jurzinsky Tilman , Burger Thomas , El-Sayed Hany A.
Published: April 2024

The ethylene glycol (EG)/water mixture composition of an alkaline one-step polyol synthesis for Pt/C catalysts was systematically investigated and optimized for a low ethylene glycol content with regards to resulting Pt particle size and electrochemical performance of membrane electrode assemblies tested as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell cathode catalysts. Beginning test fuel cell data show a possible reduction of the required EG amount per gram of synthesized catalyst by up to 98% without significantly compromising the initial electrochemical performance. Taking catalyst durability into account, a Pt/C catalyst synthesized with 40 vol% H2O and 32 mM Pt precursor concentration showed a decent initial electrochemical performance (716 mV at 1 A cm−2) as well as an accelerated stress test-derived stability similar to an internal reference catalyst, obtained with 100 vol% EG. In summary, our study shows that optimizing the amount of water and platinum precursor in the synthesis process can lead to catalysts with excellent performance for PEM fuel cells while contributing significantly to cost reduction by using less EG during synthesis.
SEMA3B inhibits TGFβ-induced extracellular matrix protein production and its reduced levels are associated with a decline in lung function in IPF
Authors: Yombo Dan J. K. , Ghandikota Sudhir , Vemulapalli Chanukya P. , Singh Priyanka , Jegga Anil G. , Hardie William D. , Madala Satish K.
Published: April 2024

The excessive production and secretion of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins by fibroblasts lead to the scarring of the lung in severe fibrotic lung diseases. This study unveils an antifibrotic role for semaphorin class 3B (SEMA3B) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. SEMA3B functions as an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β-driven fibroblast activation and reduced levels of SEMA3B and its receptor, neuropilin 1, are associated with decreased lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Data from ERBB3 Overexpression is Enriched in Diverse Patient Populations with Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer and is Associated with a Unique AR Activity Signature
Authors: Vellky Jordan E. , Kirkpatrick Brenna J. , Gutgesell Lisa C. , Morales Mathias , Brown Ryan M. , Wu Yaqi , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Notardonato Lucia D. , Weinfeld Michael S. , Nguyen Ryan H. , Brister Eileen , Sverdlov Maria , Liu Li , Xu Ziqiao , Kregel Steven , Nonn Larisa , Vander Griend Donald J. , Reizine Natalie M.
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Despite successful clinical management of castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), the 5-year survival rate for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer is only 32%. Combination treatment strategies to prevent disease recurrence are increasing, albeit in biomarker-unselected patients. Identifying a biomarker in CSPC to stratify patients who will progress on standard-of-care therapy could guide therapeutic strategies.
Experimental Design:
Targeted deep sequencing was performed for the University of Illinois (UI) cohort (n = 30), and immunostaining was performed on a patient tissue microarray (n = 149). Bioinformatic analyses identified pathways associated with biomarker overexpression (OE) in the UI cohort, consolidated RNA sequencing samples accessed from Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (n = 664), and GSE209954 (n = 68). Neutralizing antibody patritumab and ectopic HER3 OE were utilized for functional mechanistic experiments.
Results:
We identified ERBB3 OE in diverse patient populations with CSPC, where it was associated with advanced disease at diagnosis. Bioinformatic analyses showed a positive correlation between ERBB3 expression and the androgen response pathway despite low dihydrotestosterone and stable expression of androgen receptor (AR) transcript in Black/African American men. At the protein level, HER3 expression was negatively correlated with intraprostatic androgen in Black/African American men. Mechanistically, HER3 promoted enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cell line models and HER3-targeted therapy resensitized therapy-resistant prostate cancer cell lines to enzalutamide.
Conclusions:
In diverse patient populations with CSPC, ERBB3 OE was associated with high AR signaling despite low intraprostatic androgen. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a direct link between HER3 and enzalutamide resistance. ERBB3 OE as a biomarker could thus stratify patients for intensification of therapy in castration-sensitive disease, including targeting HER3 directly to improve sensitivity to AR-targeted therapies.
Pembrolizumab in Vaginal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vitale Maria Giuseppa , Nasso Cecilia , Riccò Beatrice , Bocconi Alessandro , Chiavelli Chiara , Baldessari Cinzia , Pipitone Stefania , Bacchelli Francesca , Botticelli Laura , Dominici Massimo , Sabbatini Roberto
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy. While in a localized disease, concurrent chemoradiation grants local control and better overall survival, in a metastatic setting, the management options are very limited. Furthermore, recurrent cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinomas notoriously develop resistance to treatment, and consequently, their prognosis is still poor. Case Presentation: We herein present the case of a woman with a nodal relapse of vaginal carcinoma, effectively treated with third-line immunotherapy. We will also provide a review of the literature on the new therapeutic strategies for advanced vaginal carcinoma, with a focus on pembrolizumab immunotherapy. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab might represent a promising option for the management of vaginal and vulvar cancer, but data to support its use in this setting are still lacking. This case highlights the need for further investigation and trial designs for this rare disease.
Occult Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema Syndrome Caused by PCIOL with Peripheral Capsular Tear
Authors: Dossantos Jason , Bade Yusuf , Halawa Omar , Sabharwal Jasdeep , An Jella
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome is an infrequent but severe complication following intraocular lens implantation, characterized by anterior chamber inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This report presents a rare case of late-onset UGH syndrome induced by a well-positioned 1-piece posterior capsular intraocular lens (PCIOL) with a bulb of the haptics extruding through a peripheral capsular tear in a 90-year-old female, 17 years post-cataract surgery. Case Presentation: The patient presented with persistent blurred vision, recurrent anterior uveitis, and uncontrolled IOP despite medical therapy. Extensive evaluation, including ultrasound biomicroscopy, failed to identify the underlying cause, necessitating surgical intervention to control IOP. During concurrent goniotomy and canaloplasty, a PCIOL haptics was discovered protruding through a peripheral capsular tear, establishing the diagnosis. Following PCIOL-haptic amputation and goniotomy and canaloplasty, the patient experienced significant improvement in symptoms and IOP control, with complete resolution of UGH syndrome. Conclusion: This case highlights the necessity of considering atypical causes in persistent postoperative uveitis and IOP elevation and emphasizes the role of surgical intervention in managing complex cases.
Current Evidence for a Lung Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Guerreiro Teresa , Aguiar Pedro , Araújo António
Published: April 2024

Background: Lung cancer screening is still in an early phase compared to other cancer screening programs, despite its high lethality particularly when diagnosed late. Achieving early diagnosis is crucial to obtain optimal outcomes. Summary: In this review, we will address the current evidence on lung cancer screening through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and its impact on mortality reduction, existing screening recommendations, patient eligibility criteria, screening frequency and duration, benefits and harms, cost-effectiveness and some insights on lung cancer screening implementation and adoption. Additionally, new non-imaging, noninvasive biomarkers with high diagnostic potential are also briefly highlighted. Key Messages: LDCT screening in a prespecified population based on age and smoking history proved to reduce lung cancer mortality. Optimization of the target population and management of LDCT pitfalls can further improve lung cancer screening efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Novel screening technologies and biomarkers being studied can potentially be game-changers in lung cancer screening and diagnosis.
A Short History of B-Cell HLA Epitopes
Authors: Doxiadis Ilias , Loeffler-Wirth Henry , Lachmann Nils , Lehmann Claudia
Published: April 2024

Background: HLA epitopes are currently in the focus of transplantation immunogenetics. The main reason is the complexity of the HLA system with >38,000 alleles, the number of which increases steadily. These alleles are determined by the current state-of-the art typing methods like second- and third-generation sequencing. Screening for HLA antibodies is hampered by the lack of specific target beads with all possible alleles described. Summary: A way to circumvent the problem is to define HLA epitopes. The number of antibody-confirmed epitopes, on the other hand, was found to be 72 for HLA class I and 74 for HLA class II. Here, we elaborate on the current knowledge on these HLA epitopes. Absolute definitions of these structures are not yet available. Key Messages: Making use of eplets is a comparable way allowing statistical analyses. However, one should keep in mind that the results obtained are approximative or perhaps better associative. Continuous collaboration is needed for the full understanding of the HLA epitopes. The reactivity toward epitopes remains patient-specific.
Gut Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Prognostic Role to Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Maccauro Valeria , Fianchi Francesca , Gasbarrini Antonio , Ponziani Francesca Romana
Published: April 2024

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease of unknown etiology characterized by biliary inflammation and periductal fibrosis. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PSC by regulating bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and immune response. On the other hand, liver disease progression affects the composition of the gut microbiota, fostering these mechanisms in a mutual detrimental way. Summary: Recent evidences described a specific pro-inflammatory microbial signature in PSC patients, with an overall reduced bacterial diversity and the loss of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. As effective therapies for PSC are still lacking, targeting the gut microbiota offers a new perspective in the management of this disease. To date, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotics are the most studied gut microbiota-targeted intervention in PSC, but new potential strategies such as vaccines and bacteriophages represent possible future therapeutic horizons. Key Messages: In this review, we focus on the role of the gut microbiota in PSC, considering its pathogenetic and prognostic role and the therapeutic implications.
Successful Desensitization with Imlifidase and Daratumumab in a Highly Immunized, Crossmatch Positive, Blood Group-Incompatible Living-Donor Re-Transplant Recipient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Schrezenmeier Eva , Choi Mira , Globke Brigitta , Dörner Thomas , Leimbach Alexandra , Osmanodja Bilgin , Schramm Alexander , Amann Kerstin , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Budde Klemens , Öllinger Robert , Lachmann Nils , Halleck Fabian
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The transplantation of highly sensitized patients remains a major obstacle. Immunized patients wait longer for a transplant if not prioritized, and if transplanted, their transplant outcome is worse. Case Presentation: We report a successful AB0- and HLA-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation in a 35-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient had a positive T- and B-cell complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatch and previous graft loss due to renal vein thrombosis. We treated the patient with intravenous immunoglobulins, rituximab, horse anti-thymocyte globulin, daratumumab, and imlifidase, besides standard immunosuppression. All IgG antibodies were sensitive to imlifidase treatment. Besides donor-specific HLA antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies and antiphospholipid antibodies were cleaved. The patient initially had delayed graft function. Two kidney biopsies (day 7 and day 14) revealed acute tubular necrosis without signs of HLA antibody-mediated rejection. On posttransplant day 30, hemodialysis was stopped, and creatinine levels declined over the next weeks to a baseline creatinine of about 1.7 mg/dL after 12 months. Conclusion: In this case, a novel multimodal treatment strategy including daratumumab and imlifidase enabled successful kidney transplantation for a highly immunized patient with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Prediction of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy through Combined Manual Annotation and Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Volume Measurement of Flat Irregular Pigment Epithelium Detachment
Authors: Ferro Desideri Lorenzo , Scandella Davide , Berger Lieselotte , Sznitman Raphael , Zinkernagel Martin , Anguita Rodrigo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of an artificial intelligence (AI)-developed OCT program to predict the clinical course of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) based on baseline pigment epithelium detachment (PED) features. Methods: This was a single-center, observational study with a retrospective design. Treatment-naïve patients with acute CSC and chronic CSC were recruited, and OCTs were analyzed by an AI-developed platform (Discovery OCT Fluid and Biomarker Detector, RetinAI AG, Switzerland), providing automatic detection and volumetric quantification of PEDs. Flat irregular PED presence was annotated manually and afterward measured by the AI program automatically. Results: 115 eyes of 101 patients with CSC were included, of which 70 were diagnosed with chronic CSC and 45 with acute CSC. It was found that patients with baseline presence of foveal flat PEDs and multiple flat foveal and extrafoveal PEDs had a higher chance of developing chronic form. AI-based volumetric analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: While more evidence is needed to confirm the effectiveness of AI-based PED quantitative analysis, this study highlights the significance of identifying flat irregular PEDs at the earliest stage possible in patients with CSC to optimize patient management and long-term visual outcomes.
Timing of Methamphetamine Exposure during Adolescence Differentially Influences Parvalbumin and Perineuronal Net Immunoreactivity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Female, but Not Male, Rats
Authors: Brinks Amara S. , Carrica Lauren K. , Tagler Dominic J. , Gulley Joshua M. , Juraska Janice M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Adolescence involves significant reorganization within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), including modifications to inhibitory neurotransmission that may be mediated through parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and their surrounding perineuronal nets (PNNs). These developmental changes, which can result in increased PV neuron activity in adulthood, may be disrupted by drug use resulting in lasting changes in mPFC function and behavior. Methamphetamine (METH), which is a readily available drug used by some adolescents, increases PV neuron activity, and could influence the activity-dependent maturational process of these neurons. Methods: In the present study, we used male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to test the hypothesis that METH exposure influences PV and PNN expression in a sex- and age-specific manner. Rats were injected daily with saline or 3.0 mg/kg METH from early adolescence (30–38 days old), late adolescence (40–48 days old), or young adulthood (60–68 days old). One day following exposure, the effects of METH on PV cells and PNN expression were assessed using immunofluorescent labeling within the mPFC. Results: METH exposure did not alter male PV neurons or PNNs. Females exposed in early adolescence or adulthood had more PV-expressing neurons while those exposed in later adolescence had fewer, suggesting distinct windows of vulnerability to changes induced by METH exposure. In addition, females exposed to METH had more PNNs and more intense PV neuron staining, further suggesting that METH exposure in adolescence uniquely influences the development of inhibitory circuits in the female mPFC. Conclusions: This study indicates that the timing of METH exposure, even within adolescence, influences its neural effects in females.
Comparison of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Pump as Adjunct to Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy against Decongestive Therapy Alone for Upper Limb Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yao Min , Peng Puchao , Ding Xiufang , Sun Qinfang , Chen Lijie
Published: April 2024

Background: Breast cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Upper limb lymphedema (ULL) is a common complication after breast cancer surgery that affects patients’ daily activities and quality of life. Decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy are 2 primary treatment methods for ULL. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of DLT with IPC versus DLT alone in the management of ULL following breast cancer surgery. Method: PubMed Central, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Trial Registry, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DLT with IPC and DLT alone in patients with breast cancer-related ULL. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB 2 tool. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Results: A total of 1,894 citations were identified by the systematic search. Of them, 9 RCTs were included in the analysis. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for percentage volume reduction was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.24 to 1.50; I2 = 90.9%), showing no significant difference between the DLT alone and DLT combined with IPC (p = 0.15). Pain and heaviness scores were also comparable between the groups. However, there was a significant difference in external rotation joint mobility (SMD = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.08–1.16; I2 = 23.8%), favoring DLT with IPC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DLT with IPC and DLT alone showed similar findings in managing ULL after breast cancer surgery, with DLT with IPC showing a greater impact on external rotation joint mobility. Healthcare providers should consider patient preferences and individual factors when selecting the most appropriate treatment modality for ULL management.
Psychometric Validation of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers Based on Language Development Evaluation by Caregivers
Authors: Bicalho de Castro Lorena Gabrielle Ribeiro , Carvalho Sirley Alves da Silva , Côrtes Gama Ana Cristina , Gonçalves Denise Utsch , Macedo de Resende Luciana , Giraudet Fabrice , Friche Amelia Augusta de Lima , Parlato-Oliveira Erika , Avan Paul
Published: April 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to validate three age-adjusted versions of a Hearing Screening Questionnaire for Preschoolers, in Brazilian Portuguese, based on parents’ perception of their children’s hearing and oral language. Methods: Psychometric validation was conducted on three questionnaires, each comprising nine items with yes/no responses. Three items focused on hearing screening at birth, and six assessed hearing and oral language. The study included 152 parents and their children, who attended daycare centers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The children were categorized into three age bands: 12–18 months, 19–35 months, and 36–48 months. Audiological assessments, including tympanometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and pure-tone audiometry (when applicable), were performed on the children. In case of abnormal findings in the previous exams, auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was conducted. Descriptive data, false alarm, and false-negative analyses were carried out. Results: Considering any type of hearing loss, whether unilateral or bilateral, the questionnaires showed a false-negative rate of 41.17% (7/17 children). However, when considering only bilateral hearing loss, the questionnaire showed a false alarm rate of 31.69% (45/142) and a false-negative rate of 30.0% (3/10). When focusing exclusively on sensorineural hearing loss, the questionnaire identified two children (1.31%), with a false-negative rate of 0% but a false-positive rate of 33.33%. Conclusion: Language-development-oriented questionnaires allowed quick screening of potential hearing loss in preschoolers. This study found a robust hit rate with these questionnaires. Their validation signifies a promising and cost-effective tool for conducting hearing screenings in preschool children, especially in nations lacking a comprehensive school screening policy. The validated questionnaire affords an easy-to-apply, low-cost, and effective instrument for preschool hearing screening.
Endogenous Cholinergic System Involved in Peripheral Analgesic Control in Mice Is Activated by TNF-α, CXCL-1, and IL-1β
Authors: Gonzaga Amanda Cristina Reis , Quintão Jayane Laís Dias , Galdino Giovane , Romero Thiago Roberto Lima , da Silva Grazielle Caroline , Lemos Virgínia Soares , Campolina-Silva Gabriel Henrique , de Oliveira Cleida Aparecida , Mahecha Germán Arturo Bohórquez , Duarte Igor Dimitri Gama
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Tissue injury results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including a cascade of algogenic substances, which contribute to the development of hyperalgesia. During this process, endogenous analgesic substances are peripherally released to counterbalance hyperalgesia. The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, norepinephrine (NE), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) may be involved in the deflagration of peripheral endogenous modulation of inflammatory pain by activation of the cholinergic system. Methods: Male Swiss mice were subjected to paw withdrawal test. All the substances were injected via the intraplantar route. Results: The main findings of this study were as follows: (1) carrageenan (Cg), TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL1-β, NE, and PGE2 induced hyperalgesia; (2) the acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor, neostigmine, reversed the hyperalgesia observed after Cg, TNF-α, CXCL-1, and IL1-β injection; (3) the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, and the selective muscarinic type 1 receptor (m1AChr) antagonist, telenzepine, potentiated the hyperalgesia induced by Cg and CXCL-1; (4) mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic receptor antagonist, potentiated the hyperalgesia induced by Cg, TNF-α, CXCL-1, and IL1-β; (5) Cg, CXCL-1, and PGE2 increased the expression of the m1AChr and nicotinic receptor subunit α4protein. Conclusion: These results suggest that the cholinergic system may modulate the inflammatory pain induced by Cg, PGE2, TNF-α, CXCL-1, and IL1-β.
Notas sôbre a Ofiologia Neotrópica e Brasílica. II. Sôbre Bothrops lansbergii lansbergii (Schlegel, 1841); Trimeresurus dunni Hartweg e Oliver, 1938; T. lansbergii annectens Schmidt, 1936
Authors: Amaral Afrânio do
Published: April 2024

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Última ecdise e período de fixação dos caracteres cromáticos alares no Mantodea: Parastagmatoptera unipunctata (Burmeister, 1838). Mantidae: Vatinae
Authors: Travassos Filho Lauro
Published: April 2024

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Alguns Rhabdias (Nematoda) de Bufo no Brasil
Authors: Kloss G. R.
Published: April 2024

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Sôbre a classificação da subfamília Phlebotominae nas Américas (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Authors: Forattini Oswaldo Paulo
Published: April 2024

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A second species of the genus Idanophana Hering (Diptera, Otitidae)
Authors: Steyskal George C.
Published: April 2024

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Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791), in brazilian littoral (Decapoda, Paguridea)
Authors: Narchi W. , Hebling N. J.
Published: April 2024

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New and little known neotropical Coleoptera. I. Introduction and the brazilian species of Nesodendron (Nosodendridae)
Authors: Reichardt Hans
Published: April 2024

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Revisão de Neorhynchocephalus Lichtwardt (Diptera, Nemestrinidae)
Authors: Bernardi Nelson
Published: April 2024

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Gênero Trachyderes Dalman (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): observações, sinonímias, descrições
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Notes sur les Callichromatini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). IV. Etude preliminaire des genres Schwarzerion Schmidt, 1924 et Xenochroma Schmidt, 1924
Authors: Demets Yolande
Published: April 2024

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Distribution and differentiation of animals along the coast and on continental islands of the state of São Paulo, Brasil. 3. Reproductive differences between and within Mabuya caissara and M. macrorhyncha (Sauria, Scincidae)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E. , Rebouças-Spieker Regina
Published: April 2024

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Chelodesmid studies. IX. A synopsis of the new brazilian tribe Arthrosolaenomeridini (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Authors: Hoffman Richard L.
Published: April 2024

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A revision of the genus Paratheresia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae, Theresiini)
Authors: Guimarães J. H.
Published: April 2024

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Larvae of neotropical coleptera. I. Mycteridae, Lacconotinae
Authors: Costa Cleide , Vanin Sergio A.
Published: April 2024

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Relationships between Xystrocera and Callichromatini, with remarks on australian and oriental species (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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On Tropidurus hygomi: redescription, ecological notes, distribution and history (Sauria, Iguanidae)
Authors: Vanzolini P. E. , Gomes Norma
Published: April 2024

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Behavior and ecology of two forms of white-chinned woodcreepers (Dendrocincla merula, Dendrocolaptidae) in amazonia
Authors: Willis Edwin O.
Published: April 2024

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Torneutini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): chave para os gêneros, chaves para espécies de alguns gêneros, notas e descrição de novos taxa
Authors: Martins Ubirajara R. , Monné Miguel A.
Published: April 2024

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Sinonímias, descrições e chave para espécies de Eburodacrys White, 1853 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: Napp Dilma Solange , Martins Ubirajara R.
Published: April 2024

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Alguns Oligochaeta, Glossoscolecidae, da amazônia venezuelana
Authors: Righi Gilberto , Nemeth Andrea
Published: April 2024

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Morfologia dos primeiros estágios juvenis de Eriphia Gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) e Eurypanopeus Abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860) (Crustácea, Decapoda, Xanthidae), obtidos em laboratório
Authors: Fransozo Adilson , Negreiros-Fransozo Maria Lúcia
Published: April 2024

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Morfologia da folha de plantas com sementes
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Almeida Marcílio de , Almeida Cristina Vieira de ,   InVitro Palm Consultoria Estudo e Desenvolvimento Biológico Ltd
Published: April 2024

A fascinante plasticidade dos vegetais acarreta expressivas diferenças morfológicas e fisiológicas, que afetam essencialmente as folhas, as quais exibem extraordinário polimorfismo, decorrente de heranças epigenéticas. As Folhas, Volume 3 da Coleção Botânica, são definidas como um apêndice lateral caulinar de desenvolvimento exógeno, presente na região correspondente ao nó, distribuídas em intervalos regulares (entrenós). A presença do limbo, pecíolo e bainha, além dos anexos foliares: pulvino, estípula, lígula e ócrea, associadas à sua posição junto à gema axilar, definem a correta identificação da folha. Devemos ficar atentos a essas características, considerando que interpretações organográficas incorretas são recorrentes, e as subdivisões das folhas compostas e recompostas (folíolos e foliólulos, respectivamente) assim como os caules metamorfoseados (cladódios e filocládios), são constantemente, confundidos com folhas. As folhas em geral apresentam-se planas e achatadas, o que lhes proporciona a maximização da relação superfície/volume, facilitando não somente a captação de luz, como também as trocas gasosas, em consequência de um arranjo especial de suas células em diferentes tecidos. Sua arquitetura plana permite a realização de três funções imprescindíveis à sobrevivência do vegetal: fotossíntese, trocas gasosas e transpiração, além de funções extras como: proteção, reserva, atração de polinizadores e tantas outras responsáveis pela preservação de suas espécies, que abordaremos nesse livro. Compostas por uma infinidade de formas, tamanhos e cores, as folhas fornecem à natureza uma aquarela de tons compondo distintas paisagens nos mais diferentes ambientes. Neste livro será abordada a morfologia externa das folhas destacando sua origem, formas, constituição, tamanho, apêndices e funções, dados necessários para que você conheça um pouco mais das plantas com sementes.
Vultos da historiografia brasileira: Joaquim Norberto (1820-1891)
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

Joaquim Norberto de Souza Silva (ou Souza e Silva, como costumava assinar), conhecido literàriamente apenas por Joaquim Norto, nasceu na cidade do Rio de Janeiro a 6 de junho de 1820 e faleceu em Niterói, a 14 de maio de 1891. Romancista, poeta, dramaturgo, filólogo e crítico literário, o escritor fluminense tem o seu nome ligado igualmente à historiografia brasileira através de alguns tra-balhos importantes de investigação histórica, ainda hoje altamente considerados
Resenha de: A Pesquisa Histórica no Brasil
Authors: Iglesias Francisco
Published: April 2024

RODRIGUES (José Honório) . — A pesquisa histórica no Brasil. São Paulo. Companhia Editôra Nacional. São Paulo. (2a. edição), 283 págs.
Resenha de: Eminência parda: um estudo de política e religião
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

HUXLEY (Aldous). — Eminência parda: um estudo de politica e religião. Tradução e apresentação de Luís Carlos Lisboa. Editôra Saga. Rio de Janeiro. 1967. 306 pp.
Resenha de: Vie commerciale de la route du Cap Horn au XIXe siècle
Authors: Paula Eurípedes Simões de
Published: April 2024

Barbante (Marthe). — Vie commerciale de la route du Cap Horn au XIXe siècle. L'Armement de A.-D. Bordes et Fils. S.E.V.P.E.N. Paris. Publicação da École des Hautes Études. VIe Section. Centre de Recherches Historiques. Coleção "Ports, Routes, Trafics". 1969. 372 páginas. Preço: FR. 51,50.
ARISE I Consensus Statement on the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Kan Peter , Fiorella David , Dabus Guilherme , Samaniego Edgar A. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Chen Huanwen , Khalessi Alexander A. , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Fifi Johanna T. , Bain Mark D. , Colby Geoffrey P. , Wakhloo Ajay K. , Arthur Adam S. ,   on behalf of the ARISE I Academic Industry Roundtable
Published: April 2024

ARISE (Aneurysm/AVM/cSDH Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts) organized a one-and-a-half day meeting and workshop and brought together representatives from academia, industry, and government to discuss the most promising approaches to improve outcomes for patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). The emerging role of middle meningeal artery embolization in clinical practice and the design of current and potential future trials were the primary focuses of discussion. Existing evidence for imaging, indications, agents, and techniques was reviewed, and areas of priority for study and key questions surrounding the development of new and existing treatments for cSDH were identified. Multiple randomized, controlled trials have met their primary efficacy end points, providing high-level evidence that middle meningeal artery embolization is a potent adjunctive therapy to the standard (surgical and nonsurgical) management of neurologically stable cSDH patients in terms of reducing rates of disease recurrence. Pooled data analyses following the formal conclusion and publication of these trials will form a robust foundation upon which guidelines can be strengthened for cSDH treatment modalities and optimal patient selection, as well as delineate future lines of investigation.