bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Muscle Activities on Different Type of Exercises During Prolonged Sitting
Authors:   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA, Salim Mohammad Shahril , Mohd Nawi Nor Fatihah Fujrah ,   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA, Salleh Ahmad Faizal ,   Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA, Omar Nurhidayah ,   Second Biomechanics, Signals and Modeling (BioSIM) Group, Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC),   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau Perlis, MALAYSIA, Awang Saidatul Ardeenawatie ,   Second Biomechanics, Signals and Modeling (BioSIM) Group, Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC),   Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau Perlis, MALAYSIA
Published: November 2021

Electromyography (EMG) signal is an analysis of electrical signals generated during muscular contractions that have been used to measure and record electrical muscle activity usually applied for medical tests. In this research EMG signal is used to; (1) evaluate muscle activations on different gender during prolonged sitting task; (2) investigate the influence of various types of exercise during prolonged sitting on muscle activation and (3) proposed the best exercise that can help to prevent low back discomfort. Twenty subjects (10 males and 10 females) were recruited from undergraduate engineering student’s education background in UniMAP with age ranging between 20 to 24 years old. The subject must be asymptomatic back pain, normal BMI and right-handed. . Three different types of sitting, one hour per sitting were done by each subject in order to reach the goals of this study. First sitting (sitting without exercise) was conducted while second and third sitting (sitting with exercise) were done in order the investigate the effectiveness of the exercises. Two different types of exercise were performed in second and third sitting, both of exercises were chosen from Mc Kenzie’s exercise. EEGOTM sport device were used to record the EMG signal from four types of muscles which are Erector Spinae, Latissimus Dorsi, Internal Oblique and External Oblique. By comparing the Root Mean Square (RMS) values from EMG signals muscle activation during prolonged sitting and the effectiveness of performing the exercises have been evaluated based on RMS values. As the results, muscle become deactivate during prolonged sitting. The best exercise to reduce back pain discomfort is exercise type 1 (Seated Lumbar Exercise) and it is recommended to perform this exercise regularly to reduce the risk of getting hazardous disease due to prolonged sitting.
Analysis of Factors that Influenced the Participation Rates in Upper-secondary Vocational Schools in China
Authors:   University of Tuebingen, Huang Junjun , Zhang Ye ,   Shanghai Polytechnic University
Published: November 2021

Vocational education and training has been treated as a good pathway to smoothly promote youth from school to the workplace. However, for many reasons, the vocational education in Asian countries is not as popular as general education, and the participation rate in vocational schools is normally lower than it is in general schools. This paper builds a theoretical model about the factors that influence the participation rate in Chinese upper-secondary vocational schools and explains the possible related indicators through a regression analysis method. The results show that the most positive factor is related to the number of male students in vocational schools, followed by the number of female vocational teachers. Other staff in vocational schools also have a positive effect, while the youth unemployment rate and the number of men vocational teachers both have negative relationships with the participation rate. In China, it is possible to improve the rates of new entrants into vocational schools from the aspects of the gender issues, the training methods for vocational teachers, and the social recognition of vocational education.ract is compulsory. First sentence describes the nature or the background information on the field of study. Subsequent sentences provide the problem statement or objectives and scope of the research. Next sentences explain the methods and materials used in the work. Main results and important findings are then highlighted. Finally, a summary of conclusions is put forth. Length of abstract can be proportional to the length of the article.
Approximate Asymptotic Expressions for the Electromagnetic Field and the Mutual Admittance of Slоts in a Conducting Convex Surface of Rotation in the Form of Series of Azimuthal Harmonics
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering, Indenbom M.V.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we obtain approximate asymptotic expressions for the electromagnetic field and the self and mutual admittances of "single-mode" slots in a smooth convex surface of rotation of large sizes in the form of a series of azimuthal harmonics. The coefficients of the series are expressed as integrals over the wave spectrum and can be calculated numerically or as a sum series of deductions (for mutual admittances). The expressions for the coefficients are uniformly valid in the boundary surface layer, except for the vicinity of the poles of the surface of rotation, and do not have discontinuities on the caustics of the surface rays. The resulting expressions can be directly used to calculate the fields and the self and mutual admittances of annular slots. In contrast to the eigenfunction method, asymptotic expressions allow us to cover the case of an arbitrary-shaped surface and avoid summing slowly converging double series. A comparison of the results of calculating the admittances of annular slots in a conducting spherical surface obtained by the proposed method and the method of eigenfunctions was executed, and their good agreement shown even for a small radius of the sphere equal to 3λ.
Russia’s Policies in the Post-Soviet Space: Between Constructive Relations and Fighting the New Cold War
Authors: Kazantsev Andrei , Lebedev Sergei , Medvedeva Svetlana
Published: November 2021

The article challenges the view that Russia’s goal in the post-Soviet space is to make the region an exclusive zone of Russian influence and keep other world powers out entirely. In fact, Russia has two policies towards the influence of other powers that are active in the region: a ‘business as usual’ approach, applied to China and Turkey; and a securitized ‘New Cold War policy’, applied to the US and West (especially towards their presence in Ukraine). Growing Chinese and Turkish influence has not been ‘securitized’, although the presence of both powers creates clear obstacles to the reintegration of former Soviet countries around Russia. The article draws on three bodies of literature (Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism) to explain this variation. While Moscow perceives growing Western influence in Ukraine as a threat to its domestic regime and identity as a great power and regional leader, it finds common ground with Beijing and Ankara in its concerns about the Western liberal democracy promotion agenda and views both powers as potential allies in the construction of a ‘multipolar world’.
The Utilization of Lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala L.) Extract as an Alternative Nitrogen Source on The Formation of Nata de Soya Cellulose from Tofu Whey Waste
Authors: Mardiana Ummy
Published: November 2021

Nata is not only made from coconut water; it is also possible to produce it from other raw materials. In our study, nata de soya has successfully made using tofu whey as raw material. Research focused  is on the utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) leaves as an alternative source of nitrogen in addition to the use of ammonium sulphate and urea which have generally been used in nata production. The selected research method was experimental. First, the Lamtoro leaves were mashed and then inserted into the medium and cooked until it boils. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 12-14 days and the thickness of the cellulose was then measured. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the using of lamtoro leaf extract (Leucaena leucocephala L.) as an alternative source of nitrogen for nata de soya cellulose formation. The optimization of pH and nitrogen contentration have been obyained. Three types of formula have been arranged, i.e. 1⁄2 of the control nitrogen concentration, equivalent, and 2 times of the control nitrogen concentration, to provide the variation concentration. Results found that the optimum pH was 3 and the optimum nitrogen concentration was ½ of the control nitrogen level. Nata de soya has then prepared using optimum condition of pH and nitrogen concentration.  The maximum average of nata de soya thickness was 7.6 mm. In addition to leveraging the ability of medicinal plants and reducing the use of chemicals in the food processing, the use of alternate sources of nitrogen may also be adopted in the wider cellulose nata application.
Control of hydrophobic properties of polyester fabric coatings deposited with use of polytetrafluoroethylene telomers and silicon dioxide nanoparticles
Authors:   G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prorokova N. P. , Kumeeva T. Yu. ,   G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kholodkov I. V. ,   G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bouznik V. M. ,   Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
Published: November 2021

The control possibility assessment of the water-repellent properties of polyester (PEF) fabric when its hydrophobizing with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) telomers due to texturing by applying nanosized SiO2 is discussed. It was established that the use of a compound containing SiO2 nanoparticles and TFE telomers for hydrophobization of PEF fabrics led to an increase in roughness of the coatings, however, a decrease in contact angles of fabric and an increase in its water absorption were observed. This is due to an additional increase in hardness of the coating based on TFE telomers, when combined with SiO2 nanoparticles.
Spain 1935. A lost opportunity
Authors: Peral Luis
Published: November 2021

Section I of this article deals with the political, economic and social conditions of Spain in the 1920s and at the arrival of the Republic. Section II analyses the agrarian reforms during the Second Republic. Section III examines the monetary and fiscal policies of the Republican governments. Section IV covers a comparative analysis of the impact of the Great Depression in Spain and in other European countries. Section V addresses the economic and political situation in Spain in 1935. A Conclusion summarizes the assessments presented in this article.
There has been in the last decades a significant increase in the quantity and quality of the economic data on the 1930s. These include the studies of Leandro Prados de la Escosura, Spanish Economic Growth, 1850–2015. (London: Palgrave Studies in Economic History, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), Jordi Maluquer, España en la economía mundial. Series largas para la economía española (1859-2015) (Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Económicos, 2016), Francisco Comín, Fuentes cuantitativas para el estudio del Sector Público en España, 1801-1980 (Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Monografía no. 40, 1985) and Albert Carreras and Jordi Tafunell, eds., Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX – XX, (Bilbao: Fundación BBVA, 2005). Foreign references were obtained also from Jutta Bolt, Robert Inklaar, Herman de Jong and Jan Luiten van Zanden, Maddison Project Database, version 2018, Maddison Project Working Paper, nr. 10, available for download at www.ggdc.net/maddison, (last visited 1 October 2019), and Brian R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Europe, 1750-2000 (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003).
The tables and figures attached to this article have taken into consideration long-term statistical series, covering the periods 1913-1936 for Spanish internal data and 1919-1939 for international comparisons.
Pinjaman (Kredit) dalam Perbankan
Authors: Agnusia Nur Adillah
Published: November 2021

Pemberian pinjaman yang dilakukan oleh bank diartikan sebagai penyaluran dana ke masyarakat. Pinjaman bank ini lebih dikenal dengan nama kredit bagi bank konvensional (Barat) dan pembiayaan bagi Bank Syariah (Islam). Pinjaman atau kredit yang diberikan oleh bank terdiri dari beberapa jenis. Tergantung dari jenis usaha yang dibiayai oleh nasabah. Jumlah kredit dari tingkat suku bunga yang diberikan oleh bank juga tergantung dari kemampuan bank penyalurnya dan kelayakan usaha nasabah
PENGERTIAN PERSATUAN DAN KESATUAN,MAKNA MANFAAT SERTA CONTOHNYA YANG PERLU DI PAHAMI
Authors: longo Debora Boro
Published: November 2021

Persatuan dan kesatuan merupakan hal penting yang harus dimiliki setiap bangsa. Persatuan dan Kesatuan menjadi satu di antara senjata paling ampuh agar tetap utuh.Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) edisi keempat, persatuan adalah gabungan (ikatan, kumpulan dan sebagainya) beberapa bagian yang sudah bersatu, perserikatan, serikat. Sementara pengertian kesatuan berarti perihal satu,keesaan, sifat, tunggal, satuan. Sejarah adanya persatuan dan kesatuan sudah ada sejak masa perjuangan bangsa Indonesia melawan penjajah. Sejak saat itu, arah perjuangan bangsa Indonesia makin tegas, yaitu mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan nasional.Indonesia, sebagai negara yang mempunyai banyak keberagaman dan perbedaan, perlu mempunyai persatuan dan kesatuan. Keberagaman yang terdapat di Indonesia, antara lain agama, suku, etnis, budaya bahasa, maupun adat istiadat.Itulah mengapa, penting memiliki sikap persatuan dan kesatuan antarsesama masyarakat demi menjaga keutuhan bangsa dan negara Indonesia. Tanpa adanya rasa persatuan dan kesatuan, bangsa Indonesia akan mudah terpecah terpecah belah
ANALISIS ASPEK HUKUM STUDI KELAYAKAN BISNIS
Authors: NURBAITI
Published: November 2021

Untuk memulai studi kelayakan usaha, umumnya dimulaidari aspek hukum, walaupun banyak yang melakukannya dari aspek lainnya tergantung dari kesiapan masing masing perusahaan. Aspek hukum mengkaji tentang legalitas suatu proyek atau bisnis yang akan dibangun atau dioperasikan. Setiap proyek atau bisnis yg akan didirikan dan dibangun di wilayah tertrtentu harus memenuhi hukum dan tata peraturan yang berlaku Diwilayah tersebut.
STRUKTUR DAN DESAIN ORGANISASI
Authors: RAMADANI FITRI
Published: November 2021

Struktur adalah hubungan antara macam-macam fungsi atau aktivitas di dalam organisasi. Struktur organisasi adalah hubungan antar para pegawai dan aktivitas-aktivitas mereka satu sama lain serta terhadap keseluruhan, di mana bagian-bagiannya adalah tugas-tugas, pekerjaan-pekerjaan atau fungsi-fungsi dan masing-masing anggota kelompok pegawai yang melaksanakannya.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PERSATUAN DAN KESATUAN TERHADAP SIKAP SOLIDARITAS
Authors: kura Damiana
Published: November 2021

[13.50, 9/11/2021] Yana Kep: Masalah Bangsa Indonesia dikenal sebagai bangsa majemuk, ditandai dengan banyaknya etnis, suku, agama, budaya, kebiasaan, di dalamnya. Di sisi lain, masyarakat Indonesia dikenal sebagai masyarakat multikultural, masyarakat yang anggotanya memiliki latar belakang budaya (cultural background) beragam. Kemajemukan dan multikulturalitas mengisyaratkan adanya perbedaan. Contoh kecil dari perbedaan keberagaman budaya ini antara lain adalah perbedaan watak. Tetapi perbedaan itu semua tidak menjadikan Indonesia menjadi negara yang tidak bersatu atau negara yang terpecah-pecah karena perbedanya, melainkan menjadikan Indonesia negara yang mempunyai konsep persatuan dan kesatuan di atas segala perbedaan.Konsep persatuan dan kesatuan ini terlihat dari semboyan Indonesia yaitu Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Secara mendalam Bhineka Tunggal Ika memiliki makna walaupun di Indonesia terdapat banyak suku, agama, ras, kesenian, adat, bahasa, dan lain sebagainya namun tetap satu kesatuan yang sebangsa dan setanah air. Dipersatukan dengan bendera, lagu kebangsaan, mata uang, bahasa dan lain-lain yang sama. Jadi rakyat Indonesia pada dasarnya harus mempunyai konsep persatuan dan kesatuan didirinya masing-masing, karena dengan konsep persatuan dan kesatuan inilah rakyat Indonesia bisa menjalankan kehidupannya dengan sejahtera dan makmur, karena tidak mempermasalahkan perbedaan yang ada dan menjadikan perbedaan tersebut menjadi salah satu keunikan negara Indonesia.
Persetuan dan Kesatuan Dalam Menghadapi COVID-19
Authors: Putri Vingki Maulana
Published: November 2021

Persatuan dan Kesatuan adalah bersatunya macam-macam corak yang beraneka ragam menjadi satu kebulatan yang utuh dan serasi. Persatuan dan kesatuan berasal dari kata satu yang memiliki arti utuh atau tidak terpecah-belah. Saat ini Indonesia tengah menghadapi virus COVID-19 yang berpengaruh pada persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Karena adanya penyebaran Covid telah mengubah berbagai aspek kehidupan. Covid 19 mengubah terjadi nya perubahan sosial seperti perasaan insecure yang berakibat menimbulkan adanya kritisisme, sarkasme, dan saling tidak percaya kepada pihak lain. Penerapan protokol kesehatan juga menimbulkan perubahan pola komunikasi, dimana kehangatan komunikasi secara tatap muka digantikan dengan komunikasi virtual. Semua pihak harus menumbuhkan dan menjaga persatuan bangsa. Untuk menangani pandemi ini diperlukan persatu dan kesatuan bangsa, tidak hanya diserahkan kepada pemerintah atau kelompok masyarakat tertentu.
PROSES PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI ADMINISTRASI PERSONALIA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Maulana Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Pendidikan suatu wadah yang mana memiliki aktivitas usaha dalam menumbuhkan akan mengembangkan potensi dasar manusia serta kelompok, dengan memperoleh ilmu untuk hasil baik serta prestasi, pendidikan menjadikan suatu pandangan yang mana harus dikembangkan secara efektif. Administrasi dalam kelembagaan atau instansi sudah sering di dengar katanya, administrasi suatu faktor yang dapat diartikan sangat penting dalam keadaan aturan setiap kegiatan untuk majunya suatu instansi. penelitian kualitatif pada dasarnya merupakan penelitian yang berdasarkan studi literatur. penelitian kualitatif ini dengan mencari studi perpustakan mengumpulkan jurnal, dokumen, serta skripsi yang berkaitan dalam Administrasi Personalia Lembaga Pendidikan yang berdasarkan pada penulisan artikel ini, kemudian dikaitkan dengan Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan hasil paparan dari jurnal, buku serta refrensi lainnya, untuk mengetahui kaitannya proses pelaksanaan Administrasi Personalia dalam lembaga pendidikan tersebut.
Antimonopolism, a monomania and intellectual cul-de-sac of the neo left. [Note]
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: November 2021

A weak theory has resurfaced in the eclectic and often confused heads of, urban,tech, anarcho-minded thinkers of the wider California area...
MAKALAH PENGANTAR MANAJEMEN DESAIN DAN STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
Authors: WARDIANA IMA
Published: November 2021

Makalah ini membahas tentang Desain dan struktur organisasi baik bersifat formal maupun informal.
Persatuan dan kesatuan
Authors: Todo Veronika
Published: November 2021

AbstrakNegara kesatuan republik Indonesia sebagai negara yang multikultur terdiri atas berbagai macam suku bangsa, dan setiap suku bangsa berbeda dalam banyak hal dengan suku bangsa lainnya. Adanya perbedaan tersebut tidak hanya dapat memberikan keunikan menarik, namun juga seringkali menimbulkan konflik. Adanya perbedaan SARA seringkali menimbulkan perpecahan yang berujung pada ketidak harmonisan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Keberagaman tidak hanya terlintas agama bahkan seringkali kita jumpai keberagaman pandangan dalam satu agama . Hal ini di karenakan latarbelakang kultur, keyakinan yang berbeda-beda diantara penganutnya. Salah satu faktor yang di yakini masyarakat Dalam kehidupan manusia adalah pendidikan.pendidikan agama Islam berkaitan dengan proses pendidikan dalam lembaga formal dan informal. Pendidikan agama berwawasan multikultural yang selama ini kita kenal merupakan salah satu langkah strategis untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat Indonesia, terutama generasi pemuda di zaman sekarang.
Konsep Asosiasi Germas Dengan hubungan status gizi pada masyarakat
Authors: Na'u Janilda
Published: November 2021

GERMAS merupakan sebuah Gerakan yang bertjuan untuk memasyarakatkan budaya hidup sehat serta meninggalkan kebiasaan dan perilaku masyarakat yang kurang sehat. Aksi GERMAS juga diikuti dengan memasyarakatkan perilaku hidup bersih sehat dan dukungan untuk program infrastruktur dengan basis masyarakat. Ada 7 langkah penting dalam rangka menjalankan GERMAS yaitu , melakukan aktivitas fisik , makan buah dan sayur , tidak merokok , tidak mengkonsumsi minuman beralkohol , melakukan cek Kesehatan berkala , menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan menggunakan jamban.
NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI PANCASILA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM)
Authors: Kaka Delsiana Lali
Published: November 2021

Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak pokok atau hak dasar yang dibawa oleh manusia sejak lahir yang secara kodrat melekat pada setiap manusia dan tidak dapat di ganggu gugat karena merupakan anugerah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Indonesia sebagai negara hukum pancasila yang demokratis memiliki kewajiban dalam perlindungan hak asasi manusia, perlindungan HAM dalam negara hukum harus termaktub dalam konstitusi ataupun hukum nasional. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian yuridis normatif. Sebagai negera hukum pancasila HAM telah termuat dalam pancasila itu sendiri, seperti kebebasan dalam beragama dan kepercayaan. Sedangkan sebagai negara demokrasi pancasila, perlindungan HAM menjadi tujuan sekaligus prasyarat bagi berjalannya demokrasi.
The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki
Authors: Edwards Julie , Anchukaitis Kevin , Gunnarson Björn , Pearson Charlotte , Seftigen Kristina , von Arx Georg , Linderholm Hans
Published: November 2021

Basaltic fissure eruptions, which are characteristic of Icelandic volcanism, are extremely hazardous due to the large quantities of gases and aerosols they release into the atmosphere. The 1783 --1784 CE Laki eruption was one of the most significant high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium and had substantial environmental and climatic impacts. Contemporary observations recorded the presence of a sulfuric haze over Iceland and Europe, which caused famine from vegetation damage and resulted in a high occurrence of respiratory illnesses and related mortality. Historical records in northern Europe show that the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm, but regional tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) data from that year are low and lead to erroneously colder reconstructed summer temperatures. Here we measure wood anatomical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden in order to identify the cause of this discrepancy. We show that the presence of intra-annual density fluctuations in the majority of 1783 growth rings, a sudden reduction in lumen and cell wall area, and the measurement resolution of traditional x-ray densitometry lead to the observed reduced annual MXD value. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest these anatomical anomalies were most likely the result of direct acidic damage to trees in Northern Europe. The common relationship between summer temperature and MXD can be disrupted by acidic haze damage to trees. Our study also demonstrates that quantitative wood anatomy offers a high resolution approach to identifying anomalous years and extreme events in the tree-ring record.
Sedimentological data-driven bottom friction parameter estimation in modelling Bristol Channel tidal dynamics
Authors: Warder Simon , Angeloudis Athanasios , Piggott Matthew
Published: November 2021

Accurately representing the bottom friction effect is a significant challenge in numerical tidal models. Bottom friction effects are commonly defined via parameter estimation techniques. However, the bottom friction coefficient (BFC) can be related to the roughness of the sea bed. Therefore, sedimentological data can be beneficial in estimating BFCs. Taking the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary as a case study, we perform a number of BFC parameter estimation experiments, utilising sedimentological data in a variety of ways. Model performance is explored through the results of each parameter estimation experiment, including applications to tidal range and tidal stream resource assessment. We find that theoretically derived sediment-based BFCs are in most cases detrimental to model performance. However, good performance is obtained by retaining the spatial information provided by the sedimentological data in the formulation of the parameter estimation experiment; the spatially varying BFC can be represented as a piecewise-constant field following the spatial distribution of the observed sediment types. By solving the resulting low-dimensional parameter estimation problem, we obtain good model performance as measured against tide gauge data. This approach appears well suited to modelling tidal range energy resource, which is of particular interest in the case study region. However, the applicability of this approach for tidal stream resource assessment is limited, since modelled tidal currents exhibit a strong localised response to the BFC; the use of piecewise-constant (and therefore discontinuous) BFCs is found to be detrimental to model performance for tidal currents.
When moderate mental workload and driving are mutually beneficial (draft 1)
Authors: Felisberti Fatima Maria , Fernandes Thiago P
Published: November 2021

Background: High cognitive load during driving is often disruptive and one of the main causes of road accidents. Surprisingly, we know little about the effect (if any) of cognitive load immediately before driving, and even less about the effect of driving (with its own cognitive load) on subsequent performance in cognitive tasks. Method: The effect of cognitive load on a subsequent driving task was examined in Study 1 (n = 31). Participants completed a battery of cognitive tests with low or moderate cognitive demands and their driving performance on a simulator was assessed on two consecutive days (speed, distance from the car ahead, and lane keeping ability). Study 2 (n = 98) examined the effect of a cognitively demanding driving task on the performance of follow up cognitive task, the multi-source interference task (MSIT). In that study, accuracy, and reaction time to MSIT were compared in two conditions: no driving vs post-driving.Results: A moderate level of cognitive load pre-driving led to a modest increase in the distance kept from the car ahead, while a demanding period of driving led to a significant increase in cognitive performance when compared to the control condition (e.g., prior driving).Conclusion: The findings suggest that increases in cognitive processing during periods of demanding mental activity mobilise attentional processes which are likely to remain active for a short period of time benefiting subsequent cognitive performance.
Correcting the Bias Correction for the Bootstrap Confidence Interval in Mediation Analysis
Authors: Tibbe Tristan , Montoya Amanda Kay
Published: November 2021

The bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (BCBCI) was once the method of choice for conducting inference on the indirect effect in mediation analysis due to its high power in small samples, but now it is criticized by methodologists for its inflated type I error rates. In its place, the percentile bootstrap confidence interval (PBCI), which does not adjust for bias, is currently the recommended inferential method for indirect effects. This study proposes two alternative bias-corrected bootstrap methods for creating confidence intervals around the indirect effect. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, these methods were compared to the BCBCI, PBCI, and a bias-corrected method introduced by Chen and Fritz (2021). The results showed that the methods perform on a continuum, where the BCBCI has the best balance (i.e., having closest to an equal proportion of CIs falling above and below the true effect), highest power, and highest type I error rate; the PBCI has the worst balance, lowest power, and lowest type I error rate; and the alternative bias-corrected methods fall between these two methods on all three performance criteria. An extension of the original simulation that compared the bias-corrected methods to the PBCI after controlling for type I error rate inflation suggests that the increased power of these methods might only be due to their higher type I error rates. Thus, if control over the type I error rate is desired, the PBCI is still the recommended method for use with the indirect effect. Future research should examine the performance of these methods in the presence of missing data, confounding variables, and other real-world complications to enhance the generalizability of these results.
Filling the Void
Authors: Rudd Lindy
Published: November 2021

This reflective piece records my experience of switching to online seminars during the pandemic with small groups of first year English literature undergraduates. I reflect on issues I experienced promoting student interaction in small group seminars and how professional development opportunities available through the Warwick Academic Development Centre helped with my use of technology and improving the level of engagement. I hope that it contains some ideas which may be useful starting points for PGRs looking to develop flipped or blended learning environments in the future. Perhaps it will also shed light on the way the current cohort of students reacted to online learning which may help in supporting them when returning to more traditional, or, more likely, hybrid pedagogies.
ORIGINS OF FORMATION OF KYIV SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL: FROM THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, MEDICAL POLICE AND SANITARY STATISTICS TO SOCIAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Gruzieva T.S.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the work is to study the stages of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, the contribution of its founders to the development of medical and social scientific direction.

Materials and methods. The source base consisted of published scientific papers and archive materials. The historical-bibliographic method has been used in this work.

Results. The formation and development of the Kyiv social and hygienic school has deep historical roots, beginning with the scientific achievements of many generations of researchers, which were generalized and transformed into the discipline of "state medicine" and began to be taught at the department of state medicine at St. Vladimir's University in Kyiv, and later – at the department of hygiene, medical police, medical geography and statistics. Teaching of medical and social issues continued for a long time at multidisciplinary departments. Prominent hygienists contributed to the formation of the socio-hygienic scientific direction, including professors Subbotin V.A. and Orlov V.D., who highly appreciated the importance of statistics, epidemiology and organization of health work, contributed to their teaching within the training programs for future doctors. A decisive role in the formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific School was played by Professor Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V., who is considered to be its founder. The course on epidemiology and sanitary statistics developed by him in 1903 and the course "Fundamentals of Social Hygiene and Public Medicine" in 1906 laid a solid foundation for the progressive development of social and hygienic science in Ukraine, helped to establish its theoretical principles, substantiate its content, and improve methodology. Consistent advocacy by scientists of scientifically sound results of socio-hygienic research has often led to his persecution and harassment by the authorities. Insistence of Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. on the differentiation of the social and hygienic direction and the creation of a separate department, the mandatory teaching of social hygiene in higher medical education has been crucial for further establishment of departments of social medicine, training of scientific personnel and health professionals.

Conclusion. The path of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, which was long, difficult and sometimes tragic, constitutes evidence of the progressive development of social hygiene in Ukraine, highlights the trajectory of the medical and social direction, the role of prominent personalities, especially Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. in the formation of conceptual principles and content of social hygiene, training of scientific and pedagogical staff, who continued the work that he started.
AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING INDICATORS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS UNDER COMBINED ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY
Authors: Pasko V.S.
Published: November 2021

It is known that arterial hypertension affects 30-35% of adult population of industrialized countries, and its prevalence reaches 40-50% among the elderly. In recent years, the issue of optimizing of treatment of hypertension in elderly people has been discussed such as choice of effective antihypertensive drugs with the least number of side effects, prevention of complications, reduced mortality, improvement of quality of life.

The aim of the study was to substantiate the antihypertensive efficacy of the combination of enalapril and amlodipine in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.

Material and methods. Indices of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were identified in 57 middle-aged patients (45-59 years) (group I) and 43 elderly patients (60-74 years) (group II), who underwent two-week in-patient treatment. All patients received the combined antihypertensive therapy (enalapril 10 mg twice daily and amlodipine 5 mg daily) for 2 weeks. And they were divided into 2 groups of 24 hours day's profile of blood pressure: dippers and non-dippers.

Results. The combination of enalapril and amlodipine in elderly patients reduced the average daily diastolic blood pressure by 20,3% (p<0,05). Instead, in middle-aged patients there was the decrease in the average daily and the maximal daily systolic blood pressure by 17,3% (p<0,001) and 7,8% (p<0,05) and diastolic blood pressure respectively − by 23,2% (p<0,001) and 11,8% (p<0,05).

Conclusions. Therefore, combined antihypertensive therapy in the elderly for 14 days was insufficient to improve significantly ambulatory blood pressure monitoring indicators. Obviously, positive changes require longer treatment.
PREDICTORS AND PREMORBID CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL CANCER, IN PARTICULAR ENDOMETRY CANCER AND BREAST CANCER
Authors: Petruk A. , Lytvak O. , Khabrat A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to review a new potential diagnostic criteria for predictors and premorbid conditions of female genital cancer, including endometrial cancer and breast cancer.

Materials and methods. Bibliographic, information-analytical methods were used in the work. Sources of information were data from the scientific literature on the topic of the study, modern gadleins, a review of randomized controlled trials.

Results. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the increased risk of cancer of the female reproductive system is the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms of their association are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Because insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism and is a tissue growth factor, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased secretion of androgens by the ovaries and decreased levels of the protein that binds sex hormones, leading to higher concentrations of biologically active estrogens, which are also known to be risk factors for female genital cancer. In recent years, PFAA profiles have been found to be significantly altered in cancer and type 2 diabetes. Because cancer cells require certain amino acids to synthesize DNA, tumor growth factors, build new blood vessels, and duplicate all of their protein content, changes in PFAA profiles can be used as biomarkers of disease and different types of cancer at different stages.

Conclusions. With the growing incidence of cancer, the issue of early diagnosis and detection of cancer in the pre-clinical stages remains relevant. Protein metabolism in cancer remains unclear and requires further research using a larger sample size. In addition, the biological mechanisms by which amino acids may contribute to the risk and progression of cancer or other premorbid conditions need to be elucidated. Determining the exact mechanism underlying changes in PFAA profiles has great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Something of a Girls Studies Reader?
Authors: Mitchell Claudia
Published: November 2021

Sometimes the evolution of an open call issue of Girlhood Studies results in something of a girls studies reader unto itself. Since this issue is packed full of criss-crossing themes based on work in several countries—Canada, Iceland, India and the US—there is just no room for editorial commentary. In its inclusion of works on intersectional feminisms and feminist and Indigenous-led critique to school-based and intergenerational interventions and the power of the visual, this issue is something of such a reader.
The End of the Tunnel
Authors: de Finney Sandrina , Mucina Mandeep Kaur
Published: November 2021

In settler states, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) girls and young women are targeted for specific kinds of social service interventions embedded in the gendered genocidal logics of colonial ideologies. Interlocking forms of violent carceral capture operate across settler institutions such as child welfare, immigration, and justice systems that are tasked with policing and criminalizing nonwhite girls. Conceptualizing these interconnected systems as a transcarceral pipeline, we examine their inner workings and impacts on Indigenous girls and BIPOC refugee girls in Canada through two sites of inquiry: child welfare systems targeting Indigenous girls and young mothers; and the immigration-child-welfare pipeline for refugee girls of color. Our analysis stresses the urgency of anticolonial systems of care grounded in sovereignty-making collective relations.
Female Pleasure and the Gender Politics of “Girliyapa”
Authors: Kumar Singh Shailendra
Published: November 2021

In this article, I examine the discursive portrayals of gendered experience and subject positions through Sarjita Jain’s “Girliyapa,” an online entertainment channel (on YouTube) for female-oriented content in India. I demonstrate how the question of female pleasure that the channel repeatedly foregrounds by way of introducing relatively censored topics of discussion (such as girls buying condoms or articulating their orientation toward same-sex love) is inextricably intertwined with a gender politics that never turns a blind eye to the existing conventions, stereotypes, or structural inequalities that precipitate gender-based violence and discrimination throughout the country. The widespread prevalence of marital rape, color prejudice, and workplace sexism which, in turn, does not allow for a straightforward valorization of girl power is thus satirically interrogated by “Girliyapa.”
What’s a Girl to Do?
Authors: Assan Thalia Thereza
Published: November 2021

Nicholls, Emily. 2019. Negotiating Femininities in the Neoliberal Night-Time Economy: Too Much of a Girl? London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Discussion Issues of the Church Marriage
Authors: Задорнов Александр
Published: November 2021

Брачное законодательство является областью человеческого общежития, актуальной в любую эпоху земного бытия Православной Церкви. Уточнение применения канонических норм брачного права, содержащееся в определении Архиерейского Собора Русской Православной Церкви 2017 года «О канонических аспектах церковного брака» явилось важным этапом развития церковного законодательства в этой области. В статье анализируются некоторые положения данного документа в его связи с государственным семейным правом и общеправославным каноническим наследием. Используя традиционный для русской церковно-правовой традиции метод ответов на «недоуменные вопросы» конкретной канонической проблематики, в статье уточняются некоторые аспекты применения норм данного документа в приходской и епархиальной практике. Делается вывод о принципиальном характере данного документа, требующем продолжения работы над формулированием церковно-правового ответа на вызовы настоящего времени в области брачного права и семейного законодательства.

Marriage legislation is an area of human community, relevant in any era of the earthly existence of the Orthodox Church. The clarification of the application of canonical norms of marriage law contained in the definition of the Holy Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (2017). «The Canonical Aspects of Church Marriage». It was an important stage in the development of church legislation in this field. The article analyses certain provisions of this document in its relation to State family law and the Orthodox Canon heritage. Using the traditional method of answering «perplexed questions» of a specific canonical issue for the Russian Church and legal tradition, the article specifies some aspects of the application of the norms of this document in parish and diocesan practice. A conclusion is drawn as to the principle nature of this document, which requires further work on the formulation of a church-legal response to the challenges of the present in the field of marriage law and family law.
Religious Freedom and Armed Conflict: International Legal Issues
Authors: Солнцев Александр Михайлович
Published: November 2021

Вооруженные конфликты сопровождают человека все время, начиная со грехопадения. В христианстве не поощряется участие в вооруженных конфликтах, но дозволяется исключительно в т. н. «справедливых войнах». Во время межгосударственных столкновений происходит ограничение свободы вероисповедания, которое может принимать различные формы: дискриминация верующих, уничтожение храмов и т. д. Международное право вот уже более ста лет пытается защищать права верующих во время войн. В международном праве созданы различные механизмы, как политического, так и правового характера, которые позволяют выявлять факты нарушения и призывать к ответственности за совершение таких актов. В статье приводятся различные примеры из жизни, которые показывают, как международное право позволяет бороться с такими нарушениями, хотя это и не всегда возможно в виду отсутствия консенсуса или наличия соответствующих международных механизмов.

Armed conflicts accompany a person all the time, starting with the fall. In Christianity, participation in armed conflicts is not encouraged, but is permitted exclusively in the so-called “Fair wars.” During interstate clashes, religious freedom is restricted, which can take various forms: discrimination against believers, destruction of temples, etc. For more than a hundred years, international law has been trying to protect the rights of believers during wars. Various mechanisms have been created in international law, both political and legal in nature, which make it possible to identify violations and call to account for the commission of such acts. The article provides various examples from life that show how international law can combat such violations, although this is not always possible due to the lack of consensus or the existence of appropriate international mechanisms.
Wywiad wojskowy czy polityczny? Zainteresowanie Zarządu II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego „kierunkiem watykańskim”
Authors: Kapuściak Bartosz
Published: November 2021

The primary task of the military intelligence in the People’s Republic of Poland was to acquire materials on the armament and stationing of NATO troops. However, due to the demand of the communist authorities, it also conducted political activities aimed at, among others, the Catholic Church. The interest of the state authorities increased especially during the pontificate of John Paul II. According to the assessment of military intelligence, the election of Karol Wojtyła as Bishop of Rome stimulated the Catholic Church both in Poland and in the Vatican. In this way, the activities of the Second Directorate of the General Staff of the Polish Army were within the scope of civil intelligence interests. The article aims to show the role played by intelligence officers and informers operating in Rome undercover as military attachés or in civilian institutions. Their actions resulted in the establishment of contacts with the church environment and acquisition of voluntary and involuntary informants. In this way, the Second Directorate of the General Staff of the Polish Army provided the party and political apparatus with interesting news and materials. Following the introduction of martial law in Poland, the church from the Rome area started sending parcels of food, clothes and medicines to Poland. This aid for the country was used to establish contact with the Polish clergy thanks to the initiative of Colonel Franciszek Mazurek.
Jerzy Giedroyc i czasopisma wojskowe PRL
Authors: Kozłowski Michał
Published: November 2021

In 1996–1997 Jerzy Giedroyc briefly corresponded with the „Military Historical Review”. The reason behind it was to obtain the missing issues of the „Military Historical Review” for the Institute of Literature in Maisons-Laffitte. This article contains a study of this correspondence along with an outline of its background.
Garnizon wojskowy w Lublinie w latach 1788–1792
Authors: Cholewiński Łukasz
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article is the military garrison in Lublin in the years 1788– 1792. The author deals with issues such as its organization in the years of the Four- Year Sejm. It presents the units that make up its composition and the commanding staff. It covers the day-to-day functioning of the garrison, including the office. An important place in the article takes the problem of drill and training. The author also touched upon the issues of uniforms, weapons, accommodation for soldiers and medical care provided by medical assistants.
Między wrogami i sprzymierzeńcami. Opowieść poleskiego Żyda o latach 1939–1944
Authors: Berendt Grzegorz
Published: November 2021

Before the war, Eleazar Segal lived in the town of Hancewicze in western Polesie (today the Brest Oblast in Belarus). He was involved in the timber trade. After June 22, 1941, he escaped with his wife to the town of Lachowicze. When in 1942 the Germans murdered most of the ghetto prisoners, the Segal family fled to the forest. For the next two years, they fought for survival, with the help of Soviet partisans and then the NKGB diversionary group. Segal documents the activities of the Soviet partisans and their diverse attitudes towards Jews.