bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual Presentation of Breast Metastasis Mimicking Skin Abscess
Authors: Kazeminejad Armaghan , Ghahari Mohammad Jafar , Mirabi Ali , Davoodi Lotfollah , Tabarestani Mohammad
Published: January 2020

The primary malignant tumor that most commonly metastasizes to the skin in women is breast cancer and manifest variety forms of clinical presentation. Breast cancer has the ability to metastasize to any site such as the ovaries, lung, liver, bone, brain, gastrointestinal tract and skin. The skin is not a common site for metastatic spread. We would like to report a case of a 56 years old female patient with an infectious mass in her left inframammary fold with discharge. The patients had a one-year history of left breast pruritus and with a mass which increased in size over two months. There was axillary lymphadenopathy, tenderness, and erythema of breast skin around the mass in the physical examination and just elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in laboratory tests. The patient did not benefit from antimicrobial therapy. The histological examination revealed a tumor with sheets of malignant cells and many necrotic areas. The diagnosis was invasive ductal breast carcinoma, cutaneous metastases, and lymphatic embolization.
Tranzycyjny efekt jojo w sekwencjach społecznych młodych migrantów
Authors: Winogrodzka Dominika , Sarnowska Justyna
Published: January 2020

Wydłużająca się edukacja czy uelastycznienie się rynków pracy powodują, że poszczególne etapy wczesnodorosłego życia młodych ludzi oraz podejmowane role społeczne przenikają się (Wyn, Dwyer 2002; Mayer 2005; Biggart, Walther 2006; Kohli 2007; Du Bois-Reymond 2009; Heinz 2009; Mary 2014). Młodzi ludzie wchodzą w dorosłość coraz częściej w sposób nielinearny, doświadczając powrotów do etapów czy sytuacji z przeszłości, co w literaturze zostało opisane jako „tranzycja jojo” (Du Bois-Reymond, López Blasco 2003; Heinz 2009; Walther 2009; Hörschelmann 2011; Borlagdan 2015). „Jojoizacja tranzycji” dotyczy również procesu przechodzenia z edukacji do rynku pracy, które jest coraz bardziej rozciągnięte w czasie, zróżnicowane i trudne do przewidzenia (Walther 2006). Jednym z istotnych zjawisk towarzyszących inicjacji zawodowej współczesnych młodych dorosłych jest mobilność międzynarodowa (King 2018; Robertson, Harris, Baldassar 2018), która znacznie wpływa na kształt ścieżek edukacyjno-zawodowych młodych ludzi.Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o rolę migracji zagranicznych w występowaniu tranzycyjnego efektu jojo. Na bazie studiów przypadku ścieżek edukacyjno-zawodowych migrantów przedstawione zostaną tranzycje ludzi młodych na rodzimy i zagraniczny rynek pracy, zarówno w wymiarze obiektywnym, jak i subiektywnym. Jako metoda analizy posłuży jakościowa adaptacja analizy sekwencji społecznych (Cornwell 2015).
Enhancing Autonomy through the Occupational Engagement of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Supported Employment Model Applied by the Polish Association for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (Branch in Zgierz)
Authors: Mikołajczyk-Lerman Grażyna , Potoczna Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Reflections presented in this paper reverberate with the current social discourse based on respect for human rights, with heavy emphasis put on the active policy of employment of persons with disabilities. Improvement of the employment support system seems to be one of the most efficient forms of integrating this previously excluded and marginalized group of people into the mainstream social life. It is especially important in the case of persons with intellectual disabilities, who often remain in a particularly difficult situation for many reasons. Enhancing their autonomy via occupational engagement may be beneficial both at the individual (improved personal functioning) and macro (reduced costs for the state and welfare system) levels. The authors of this paper reflect upon the development and implementation of best practices in terms of building an effective mechanism of promoted social participation and the occupational engagement of persons with intellectual disabilities in an open social environment. This seems to create a real chance for community integration, to which these persons have the inalienable right, although so far they have often been left out of the mainstream social life.
Między światem realnym a wirtualnym: obietnice vs. rzeczywistość. Prekarna praca kierowcy Ubera?
Authors: Polkowska Dominika
Published: January 2020

Pracę za pośrednictwem aplikacji mobilnych można uznać za klasyczne realizowanie idei elastyczności. Firma Uber jako pionier w obszarze gospodarki platformowej zdaje się potwierdzać tę prawidłowość składanymi przez siebie obietnicami. Nie zawsze jednak punkt widzenia dostarczyciela technologii pokrywa się w praktyce z oczekiwaniami jego użytkowników. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy obietnice składane przez Ubera mają pokrycie w rzeczywistości oraz czy elastyczność i pozorna autonomia obiecywane kierowcom prowadzą do wzrostu niepewności pracy w kontekście pracy prekarnej. Podstawą rozważań jest analiza postów zamieszczanych w zamkniętych grupach dyskusyjnych na jednym z portali społecznościowych – grupujących kierowców Ubera, a także indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych zrealizowanych wśród samych kierowców zgodnie z metodologią teorii ugruntowanej.
PROPHETICAL DIMENSION IN KHOTBAH DI ATAS BUKIT NOVEL BY KUNTOWIJOYO
Authors: El Farouq Ghazali Muhammad Ayyinna Yusron , Machmudah Umi
Published: January 2020

This literature study aims to explain the prophetical dimension in Khotbah di Atas Bukit novel by Kuntowijoyo. The results of the study found that there is a humanization dimension of the Khotbah di Atas Bukit novel which includes strengthening in assertiveness, a sense of social solidarity, and personality. The dimensions of the liberation of novels on the Khotbah di Atas Bukit novel found include the activity of freeing oneself from worldliness, liberation from the social inequality. In the novel dimensions of transcendence the Khotbah di Atas Bukit novel was found to be akidah, khauf, tawakal, raja'. This dimension of humanization, liberation and transcendence represents the ethica prophetic component of prophethood underlying the creation of the Khotbah di Atas Bukit novel.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ARABIC DICTIONARY APPLYING MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR LEARNING ARABIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: Taufiqurrochman R.
Published: January 2020

The growth of the Arabic dictionary in Indonesia begins with the emergence of an Arabic dictionary applying morphological systems (nizam sharfi). This system remained to be existed until today, although it was found many weaknesses. Then, it becomes a problem in Arabic learning, especially at the beginner level. Therefore, this article presents the advantages, disadvantages, and implications of the dictionary, applying a morphological system for Arabic learning in Indonesia. Through a study of a lexicological and lexicographical analysis of the Arabic dictionary in Indonesia and the results of a survey on dictionary users, it was found several important things about the Arabic dictionary applying a morphological system. The advantages of a dictionary using a morphological system are complete entries and sub-entries contents, all the fulfilled functions of the dictionary, and helping in reading Arabic traditional text (Kitab Kuning). The weakness of the dictionary applying a morphological system, especially for students at the basic level, is that the dictionary applying a morphological system is difficult to be used because it must master the basics of Sharaf science (morphology), its size is thick, its price is expensive, and many translated word does not fit to the context of the sentence. The dictionary applying a morphological system implies that the dictionary supports the learning of reading Arabic traditional text in Islamic boarding schools because a morphological system is considered being compatible with the method of reading and translating the style of Pesantren Salaf (traditional Islamic boarding schools). The dictionary applying a morphological system is only suitable for students at intermediate and advanced levels; it is not appropriate for students at the beginner level who have not yet learned the basics of morphology.
Students’ Learning Activity Preferences in Korean Tertiary EFL Courses
Authors: P. Simon Michael
Published: January 2020

The idea of student-centered learning and education has been sweeping through teaching pedagogy for a number of years, with a heavy emphasis in the realm of ESL/EFL. Students have been given the ability to choose topics, and overall classroom atmosphere in the goal of increased student engagement and participation. However, the specific activities students would prefer to engage in has not been researched extensively. The present study examined the learning activity preferences of college students majoring in languages and non-languages in a college EFL classroom in Korea. Students were given a survey which assessed three different parts: their perceived English abilities, their preferences in teacher quality and classroom, and their preferences in activities. The data obtained indicated that students prefer a class which incorporates free-talking as an activity and as an overall methodology. These findings allow teachers to focus specifically on what students would like to practice in a classroom, but also leave a large gap for teachers to fill in terms of how to implement said quality into an entire curriculum.
IMAGOLOGIA ROBÓTICA: robôs e inteligência artificial nas narrativas para crianças e jovens
Authors: D'Alte Pedro Gabriel
Published: January 2020

As narrativas para a infância e juventude absorvem os discursos sobre a inteligência artificial e, por meio de processos literários abeirados ora de um certo mimetismo ora da mais virtuosa reconfiguração da realidade, apresentam cenários que convidam o leitor, desde tenra idade, a repensar um mundo permeado pelo digital. As narrativas escolhidas para o presente exercício intelectual intentam demonstrar um caleidoscópio de imagens variado e que dê conta de diferentes perspetivas face à inteligência artificial promovendo, desta forma, um exercício crítico e exploratório sobre a mesma. 

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura para crianças e jovens; Inteligência artificial; Imagologia robótica; robôs na literatura para a infância.

  ABSTRACTThe narratives for childhood and youth absorb the discourses about artificial intelligence and, through the use of literary processes either close to a certain mimicry or to the most virtuous reconfiguration of reality, present scenarios that invite the reader, since an early age, to rethink a world permeated by digital. The narratives chosen for the present intellectual exercise attempt to demonstrate a kaleidoscope of images and to account for different perspectives in relation to artificial intelligence, thus promoting a critical and exploratory exercise on this matter.

 

KEYWORDS:  Children’s literature; Artificial intelligence; Robotic imagery; Robots in children’s literature.

 

 

RESUMEN

Las narrativas para la infancia y la juventud absorben discursos sobre inteligencia artificial y, a través de procesos literarios bien conocidos, a veces de una cierta imitación, a veces de la reconfiguración más virtuosa de la realidad, escenarios actuales que invitan al lector, desde una edad temprana, a repensar un mundo. impregnado por digital. Las narraciones elegidas para el presente ejercicio intelectual pretenden demostrar un caleidoscopio de imágenes variadas que ofrece diferentes perspectivas sobre la inteligencia artificial, promoviendo así un ejercicio crítico y exploratorio sobre el mismo.

 

PALABRAS CLAVE: Literatura para niños y jóvenes; Inteligencia artificial; Imagen robótica; robots en literatura para la infancia.
The Effect of Casing-Pipe Roughness on Cement-Plug Integrity
Authors: Corina Anisa Noor , Opedal Nils , Vrålstad Torbjørn , Skorpa Ragnhild , Sangesland Sigbjørn
Published: January 2020

In permanently abandoned wells, cement plugs serve as a well-barrier element that is essential for providing long-term zonal isolation. Poorly plugged wells might provide leakage pathways that pose risks to the surrounding environment. It is well-known that the final quality of set cement is influenced by the cement placement, but the influence of downhole-pipe roughness to the hydraulic sealing of a cement plug has not been specifically investigated.

This paper presents an experimental study assessing the cement-plug sealing of neat- and silica-cement systems placed in pipes with three different levels of surface roughness. The experimental test uses a small-scale laboratory setup, consisting of a test cell filled with a cement plug, which can simulate realistic wellbore curing and operating conditions. By subjecting the cement plug to gas differential pressure, the setup detects any gas leak through the cement plug and measures the leak rate. As a complement to the experimental study, a computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulation is conducted to study fluid flow around the cement plug.

Experimental tests detect an instant gas leak in all samples at low differential pressure (<0.01 bar) through leak sources at the cement/steel interface, presumed to be microannuli. Furthermore, experimental results discover that placing cement plugs in rough-surface pipes could reduce the gas-leak rate, and the most significant reduction was found from samples cured in the roughest pipe. The CFD simulation results, along with pressure-buildup-curve observation, show that the leak path of samples placed in rough-surface pipes tends to be tortuous and less connected, thereby adding resistance for gas to flow.
Identification and functional characterization of NbMLP28, a novel MLP-like protein 28 enhancing Potato virus Y resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Song Liyun , Wang Jie , Jia Haiyan , Kamran Ali , Qin Yuanxia , Liu Yingjie , Hao Kaiqiang , Han Fei , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Bin , Li Yongliang , Shen Lili , Wang Fenglong , Wu Yuanhua , Yang Jinguang
Published: January 2020

Background: Major latex proteins (MLPs) belong to the MLP subfamily in Bet v 1 protein family and respond to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which play critical roles in plant disease resistance. As the type species of widely distributed and economically devastating Potyvirus, Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the major constraints to important crop plants including tobacco ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) worldwide. Despite the great losses owing to PVY infection in tobacco, there is no previous study investigating the potential role of MLPs in developing resistance to viral infection. Results: In this study, for the first time we have identified and functionally analyzed the MLP-like protein 28 from N. benthamiana , denoted as NbMLP28 and investigated its role in conferring resistance to N. benthamiana against PVY infection. NbMLP28 was localized to the plasmalemma and nucleus, with the highest level in the root. NbMLP28 gene was hypothesized to be triggered by PVY infection and was highly expressed in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Further validation was achieved through silencing of NbMLP28 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) that rendered N. benthamiana plants more vulnerable to PVY infection, contrary to overexpression that enhanced resistance. Conclusions: Taken together, this is the first study describing the role of NbMLP28 in tobacco against PVY infection and provide a pivotal point towards obtaining pathogen-resistant tobacco varieties through constructing new candidate genes of MLP subfamily.
Metagenomics insight into microbial dynamics in field-scale remediation of crude oil-polluted soil
Authors: Chikere Chioma Blaise , Tekere Memory , Adeleke Rasheed
Published: January 2020

Background: The frequency of crude oil pollution has been on the increase following increased exploration, exploitation and production of energy from fossil fuel. Bioremediation has been shown to be eco-friendly and cost-effective method of oil spill remediation. In the Niger Delta, Landfarming has been the most used technique. The aim of this research was to employ metagenomic techniques to understand microbial dynamics during field-scale remediation in the Niger Delta in order to improve and reduce the time of remediation. Results: The surface (0.0 – 0.5m) sample had an extractable TPH value of 6231 mg/kg. The subsurface samples from 1m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths had extractable TPH concentration of 4836 mg/kg, 9112 mg/kg and 7273 mk/kg respectively. Proteobacteria dominated the soil microbial profile in all the samples studied as it made up at least 50% of each sample and mostly comprised of the class Alphaproteobacteria with variation only on day 18 and 36 which was mostly dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis revealed the presence of crude oil in the soil reduced microbial diversity. Principal coordinate analysis showed the microbial structure continually changed following changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Rhodoplanes, Methylobacterium and Bacillus were the core OTUs detected during the period of remediation. Significant variation in pathway abundance particularly pathways for propanoate degradation, benzoate degradation, naphthalene degradation, fatty acid metabolism, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and degradation of xenobiotics were observed when the unpolluted soil was compared to the samples obtained during remediation. Conclusions: The findings from this study will greatly advance an already preferred landfarming oil spill recovery technique in the Niger Delta.
Developing a routine lab test for absolute quantification of Her2 in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues using Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method
Authors: Yu Guohua , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhang Yunyun , Lv Jiahong , Wu Shishou , Sui Xiaolong , Zhang Jiandi , Tang Fangrong
Published: January 2020

Background: Developing immunoassay for Her2 assessment suitable for Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples promises improved objectivity, consistency and accuracy in daily clinical practice. Yet, this effort is hindered by lacking available technique. The feasibility of Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method to meet this demand was evaluated in this study. Methods: QDB-based Immunoassay was developed for quantitative measurement of Her2 protein levels in this retrospective study using clinically validated antibody for immunohistochemistry (IHC antibody). Total protein lysates were extracted from 2X15 um FFPE slices collected from 332 breast cancer patients sequentially and non-selectively from local hospital. The absolutely quantitated Her2 levels in these samples were compared with the results from methods of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses using Receiver Operative Characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results: Her2 levels measured with two IHC antibodies of EP3 and 4B5 were strongly correlated (r=0.963, p=0.0000). We also achieved area under the curve (AUC) at 0.9753±0.01026 (95% CI: 0.9551 to 0.9954, p<0.0001, n=322) using provided results from IHC and FISH analyses, with 99.6% concordance with IHC and 88.1% with FISH at optimized cutoff of 0.261 nmole/g. The concordance rate with FISH analysis was improved to 94.1% when disagreed samples were re-analyzed by third party independently. Conclusions: We introduced the first immunoassay for absolute quantitation of protein biomarker levels in FFPE samples. This method fits well with daily clinical practice with its objectivity, simplicity and consistency, especially for local hospitals and hospitals in developing countries. The quantitatively measured Her2 protein levels in FFPE samples also allow statistically analysis at population level to meet the need of precision medicine. .
Epileptic seizure discharges in patients after open chamber cardiac surgery – A prospective prevalence study using continuous electroencephalography
Authors: Tschernatsch Marlene , Juenemann Martin , Alhaidar Fouad , Shazly Jasmin El , Butz Marius , Meyer Marco , Gerriets Tibo , Schoenburg Markus , Schramm Patrick
Published: January 2020

Background Patients undergoing cardiac surgery often develop delirium and postoperative cognitive deficits (POCD), which lead to a higher postoperative morbidity, mortality and a reduced quality of life. Retrospective studies show a higher incidence of delirium, stroke and mortality in patients with convulsive and non-convulsive seizures after cardiac surgery. However, these studies do not systematically detect subclinical seizures in the early postoperative period; so, the incidence of seizures after cardiac surgery remains speculative. To investigate the real frequency of seizures, we conducted this prospective pilot study on patients with open-chamber cardiac surgery using continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring utilizing widely distributed electrodes and 10-channel registration. The main objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of seizure-specific patterns in EEG after elective open-chamber cardiac surgery. Methods The prospective, blinded, monocentric, observational study investigated patients scheduled for elective open-chamber aortic or mitral valve reconstruction or replacement. The anaesthetic, surgical and postoperative treatment was standardized and not influenced by the presented observation. After surgery, all patients arrived at the ICU, and EEG monitoring started within the first hour after admission to the ICU (10 channel registration: Fp1,Fp2,C3,C4,P3,P4,T3,T4,Fz,Cz). EEG recording was continuously performed for up to 24 hours, and the EEG results were independently analysed with a focus on epileptic discharges and seizure activity by two blinded EEG board-certified physicians Results One hundred patients were included, 76% of whom underwent aortic valve replacement, 24% of whom endured mitral valve reconstruction or replacement. Early postoperative EEG recording lasted 12.9±7.2 hours. Epileptic EEG patterns were present in 38% of patients and seizure-specific EEG patterns were present in 22% of patients. Main EEG activity at the beginning of recording was suppressed or showed a burst-suppression pattern, and at the end of recording, all patients had an alpha/theta-rhythm. Conclusion This pilot study reveals a surprisingly high prevalence of seizure-specific EEG patterns (22%) in patients undergoing open-chamber cardiac surgery. As seizures potentially induce delirium and POCD, this finding is a relevant phenomenon in the post-cardiac surgery population, representing a promising target for the treatment and prevention of postoperative delirium and POCD.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications Use among Older Adults with Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Alwhaibi Monira
Published: January 2020

Background Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are medications that should be avoided among older adults due to their risk which offsets their benefit. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of PIMs use and to evaluate its associated factors among older adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension using the 2019 Beers criteria.Methods A cross-sectional retrospective study design was used. This study included 1,853 older adults (age ≥ 65 years) with comorbid diabetes and hypertension visited an ambulatory care setting in a large hospital in the central region of Saudi Arabia. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PIMs use based on the updated 2019 American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers Criteria. The secondary outcome was the factors associated with the presence of PIMs use (use of one or more PIMs) by referencing the Beers Criteria list.Results Almost one out of two individuals had PIMs use with the average number of medication taken was seven; where 40.3% of the older adults taken one PIMs, and about 16% were using two or more PIMs. The most commonly prescribed PIMs were the use of gastrointestinal and endocrine medications. High risk of PIMs use was among those with ischemic heart disease and anxiety comorbidities and those using multiple medications (i.e., polypharmacy).Conclusions Given higher PIMs use among older adults with diabetes and hypertension comorbidities, tailored strategies and interventions to minimize the PIMs use in this population are warranted. There is a need for greater vigilance when managing patients with comorbid conditions to avoid the use of inappropriate medications.
The relationship of destinezite to the acid sulfate alteration at the El Laco magnetite deposit, Chile
Authors: Velasco Francisco , de la Pinta Noelia , Tornos Fernando , Briezewski Thomas , Larrañaga Aitor
Published: January 2020

Destinezite, ideally Fe23+(PO4)(SO4)(OH)·6(H2O), is found as nodular lumps in hematite-rich epiclastic sediments accumulated in small crater lakes on the slopes of El Laco volcano. These lumps are almost entirely dominated by fine-grained destinezite replacing earlier lipscombite, and associated with gray hematite. The crystal structure of destinezite has been re-examined to test for possible differences with respect to the earthy and poorly crystalline destinezite that forms by weathering in cave soils and mine waste dumps. The structural refinements confirm that the differences are minor. The El Laco destinezite was refined in space group P1 with a = 9.5828(2), b = 9.7440(3), c = 7.3302(3) Å, and α = 98.796(3)°, β = 107.985(3)°, γ = 63.898(2)°, V = 584.50(4) Å3, and Z = 1. We measured by calorimetry the enthalpy and derived the entropy and the Gibbs free energy of formation of destine-zite (–4051.7 ± 4.3, –1518.5 ± 20.0, and –3598.9 ± 7.1 kJ/mol, respectively). This has allowed us to estimate the equilibrium constant in the temperature range 0–300 °C (log K = –27.97 ± 1.1). We can predict that destinezite coexists with hematite over the range of conditions that typically encompass the steam-heated hydrothermal environments recognized at El Laco. The presence of destinezite along with hematite and the occurrence of alunite, jarosite, and variscite in the system provide evidence of intense hydrothermal alteration during the extrusion of Fe-rich melts at El Laco volcano. The mineral assemblage and the available geochemical data suggest that destinezite formed in hydrothermal conditions by “maturation” of an immiscible Fe–P-rich melt. An unknown Fe–P–O phase produced by this melt was first replaced by lipscombite and later, owing to intense sulfidation, by destinezite. This replacement took place in the vadose zone above the paleowater table by relatively cool (<150 °C) groundwaters acidified by oxidation of magmatic SO2 to aqueous sulfate in a steam-heated system. Our model precludes other modes of formation, such as devitrification of hypothetical Fe–P–S–O-rich melts ejected from the volcano and supergene crystallization.
REE redistributions during granite weathering: Implications for Ce anomaly as a proxy for paleoredox states
Authors: Ichimura Koji , Sanematsu Kenzo , Kon Yoshiaki , Takagi Tetsuichi , Murakami Takashi
Published: January 2020

Different responses of Ce to the redox state from those of the other light rare earth elements (LREEs) can be used to understand paleoredox states. To establish the possibility of using the Ce anomaly as a proxy for paleo-environments, we examined the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of bulk samples and REE-bearing minerals of a modern weathering profile developed on granite, by X-ray fluorescence analysis, laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, field emission electron microprobe analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Bulk samples showed no significant Ce-anomalies except for the topmost layer that had a positive Ce-anomaly reflecting significant loss of LREEs except for Ce. Allanite-(Ce), primary REE-bearing mineral, contributed to ~100% of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd in the parent rock, and gradually decreased in amount toward the topmost layer. Secondary cerianite-(Ce) [Ce(IV)O2] was observed in the weathering profile, especially at shallower depths. Secondary rhabdophane-(La), -(Ce), -(Nd), and -(Y) were also observed in the weathering profile but in less amounts in the topmost layer. The occurrences of rhabdophane-(La) and -(Nd) in contact with halloysite, a secondary clay mineral, suggest probable adsorption of REEs onto halloysite prior to their formation. Similar formation mechanisms are likely for rhabdophane-(Ce) that commonly occurred in grain boundaries and was usually formed in contact with halloysite. Rhabdophane-(Y) occurred in association with fluorapatite. The ratios of La, Pr, and Nd of rhabdophane-(La), -(Ce), and -(Nd) were similar to that of allanite-(Ce), suggesting that these LREEs are inherited from allanite-(Ce) and behave similarly before the formation of rhabdophane. Different negative Ce-anomaly values of rhabdophane [i.e., ~0.03–0.34 for rhabdophane-(La), -(Nd), and -(Y), and ~0.6 for rhabdophane-(Ce)] can result from a difference in intensity of the formation of cerianite-(Ce) prior to the precipitation of rhabdophane. We have classified LREE redistributions in both secondary minerals and bulk weathered samples during oxic weathering and suggested that Ce anomaly can provide useful information on anoxic weathering and thus atmospheric oxygen evolution in the Precambrian if Ce anomalies of both bulk samples and secondary REE-bearing minerals are determined.
In-situ measurements of magmatic volatile elements, F, S, and Cl, by electron microprobe, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis
Authors: Rose-Koga Estelle F. , Koga Kenneth T. , Devidal Jean-Luc , Shimizu Nobumichi , Le Voyer Marion , Dalou Celia , Döbeli Max
Published: January 2020

Electron probe and ion probe are the two most used instruments for in situ analysis of halogens in geological materials. The comparison of these two methods on widely distributed glass standards (example: MPI-DING glasses, Jochum et al., G-cubed, 2006) provides a basis for establishing laboratory method, independent geochemical data sets for these elements. We report analyses of F, S, and Cl concentrations in three geological glass samples (EPMA) and 10 referenced standards (EPMA and SIMS). Furthermore, F and Cl absolute abundances have been determined independently for three of the standards (KL2-G, ATHO-G, and KE12), via heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis (HIERDA), to certify the accuracy of the cross-calibration EPMA-SIMS. The detection limits for EPMA are a 150 μg·g-1 for F, 20 μg·g-1 for S and Cl, and for SIMS < 48 μg·g-1 for F, < 3 μg·g-1 for S, and <19 μg·g-1 for Cl. On SiO2-rich glass-standards, F and Cl measurements by HIERDA highlight a weak matrix effect during SIMS analysis of F and Cl. With the HIERDA independently measured value, we therefore propose an alternative calibration function to empirically correct this matrix effect on the SIMS measurements of F, S, and Cl.
Automatic contraction of unstructured tensor networks
Authors: Jermyn Adam
Published: January 2020

The evaluation of partition functions is a central problem in
statistical physics. For lattice systems and other discrete models the
partition function may be expressed as the contraction of a tensor
network. Unfortunately computing such contractions is difficult, and
many methods to make this tractable require periodic or otherwise
structured networks. Here I present a new algorithm for contracting
unstructured tensor networks. This method makes no assumptions about the
structure of the network and performs well in both structured and
unstructured cases so long as the correlation structure is local.
A Socialist Feminist Reading of Thatcherite Women in British Feminist Plays
Authors: ÜLKER Berna
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on the representation of women in British feminist drama that challenges gender roles and gets stuck in having obsessive power as an outcome of the policy of the first British woman Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The study discusses excessively ambitious women who question patriarchal order and subvert gender roles to get power and finally left alone on the top like Thatcher. Marlene in Caryl Churchill’s play Top Girls, Marion in Churchill’s play Owners, Mary Traverse in Timberlake Wertenbaker’s play The Grace of Mary Traverse are discussed throughly. Marlene, Marion, and Mary are the representatives of the destructive effects of the ambition for power that characterize Thatcher’s Britain. Socialist/materialist feminism is applied to the plays both to criticize selfish Thatcherite powerful women figures and to express the lack of collaboration among women to improve their position.
Resistance Narratives: A study of H. M. Naqvi’s Home Boy
Authors: GÜVEN Fikret
Published: January 2020

The present paper analyzes H. M. Naqvi’s Home Boy as counter-narrative to Orientalism in Western discourse that writes back to the American Empire apropos September 11 and terrorism. Naqvi tries to analyze, describe, problematize and destabilize Orientalist discourse of “othering” a and “stereotyping” The narrative protests against American imperialism—its belligerent foreign policy, its suppression and exploitation of third world countries, interference in other countries, and occupation and invasion of foreign lands. The narrative starts as a typical immigrant narrative in which the protagonist comes to the United States in pursuit of the American dream of prosperity, happiness and freedoms. Initially, the protagonist has assimilative and accommodative tendencies in the hopes of partaking in the economic and social privileges bestowed by a prestigious American education and lucrative employment in big financial institutions in the metropolis. However, the events of September 11 exacerbate an already precarious atmosphere of discrimination that exists in the novel in which their protagonist is treated as an outsider and enemy.
An Evaluation of Professional Development Perception and Participation among Teachers of Turkish as a Second or Foreign Language
Authors: SARIÇOBAN Arif , ÜNLÜ Nihan
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the professional development practices and obstacles that teachers of Turkish as a foreign language perceive as the reasons for preventing their participation in development activities. The study also aimed to find out how a professional development activity prepared in line with the teachers’ needs affected their perceptions of professional development. Participants of the study were 160 Turkish as a foreign language teachers. Data were first investigated through a questionnaire. Then, 15 teachers were interviewed in focus groups randomly selected from Turkish teaching centers (TÖMER) in Ankara. After these interviews, a seminar was prepared in line with the professional development needs of the volunteer participants to understand how a professional development activity, prepared according to the needs of the teachers affected their perceptions of professional development activities. The results indicated that teachers have a positive perception of professional development in general. The reasons they perceived as barriers to their participation in these activities were intense pace in their lives, their hectic work schedule and the inefficiency of professional development trainers, while the kinds of activities that they participated in were evaluating their own performance, reading articles, journals and books related to the field, sharing information with colleagues, conducting in-class research and receiving help from colleagues. The research has implications for professional development providers to improve the effectiveness of professional development activities for teachers of teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî’nin Pedagojik Açıdan Arap Dilinin Öğretimindeki Yeri
Authors: KILIÇ Ramazan
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırma, dünya medeniyet tarihine ciddi katkılar sunmuş Endülüs Emevi Devleti’nin uhdesinde yetişen en büyük dilcilerden Ebû Bekir ez-Zübeydî ve onun yabancı dil öğretim anlayışı hakkındadır. Zübeydî, günümüzden yaklaşık XI asır kadar önce yaşamış ve çeşitli alanlarda eserler vermiş bir alimdir. Özellikle lügat alanında ihtiyaç duyulan ve dönemin şartlarına hitap edebilen birbirinden değerli eserlerin sahibidir. Bu yapıtlardan birisi olan Kitâbü’l-Vâdıh, Endülüs Emevi Devleti zamanında gereksinim olan Arapçanın öğrenilip öğretilmesine yönelik tasarlanmış bir kitaptır. Arapçanın yabancı bir dil olarak öğretilmesi olgusu, günümüz eğitim sisteminin temel problemleri arasında kabul edilir. Geçmişte de araştırma konusu olan Arapçanın öğretimine Zübeydî, kendi dilci kimliği ile yaklaşmıştır. Bu bakımdan çalışmada, Vâdıh isimli eserin eğitsel olarak nasıl bir yapıda tasarlandığı, klasik ve modern yabancı dil eğitimi alanına neler katabileceği ortaya konacaktır. Betimleyici bir araştırma yöntemi takip edilerek Vâdıh eserinin pedagojik dil eğitimi alanına katkıları tartışılacaktır.
In-Service Training Needs of Efl Teachers in Non-Formal Education Settings
Authors: ARSLAN Sezen , MİRİCİ İsmail , ÖZ Hüseyin
Published: January 2020

The education system in Turkey consists of the implementations in both formal and non-formal education settings; however, the majority of studies related to educational practices and teacher education focus on formal education settings. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the professional training needs of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in non-formal education settings. With this in mind, a non-formal education (NFE) institution in İstanbul was chosen since it had a high course attendee capacity and 105 EFL teachers who taught at this institution attended in the study. A needs analysis questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect the data about the training needs of the participants. The findings revealed that the needs centered around skills, vocabulary instruction, teaching pronunciation, material development, use of instructional technology in ELT, teaching mixed-ability classes, and classroom management. Findings also revealed that the teachers had a desire to improve their speaking skills through the in-service teacher training (INSET) programs
A Cultural Heritage in the Walled City of Nicosia: "Dervish Pasha Street" from the Past to the Present
Authors: TURKAN Zihni , KÖKSALDI Esra
Published: January 2020

Dervish Pasha Street is in the Arabahmet Quarter within the walled city of Nicosia, which has a rich historical texture of architectural works of various historical periods of Cyprus. It presents an important example of historical street texture of the neighborhood with its cultural heritage buildings. The creation of the historical texture of the street began with a two-floor house of Traditional Turkish House, built there during the Ottoman Period (1571-1878). The development of the street texture was completed to a great extent during the British Period (1878-1960) with the building of single and two-floor houses, first with the characteristics of Turkish Architecture, and later with the architectural influences of the period. During the Republic of Cyprus period and the years following that, during which intercommunal political problems and migrations occurred, no change or development was observed in the street texture; however, the demographic structure of the street changed. Works for the preservation of the historical texture of Dervish Pasha Street began in the period of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983-...) and initially the street was pedestrianized and the facades of the buildings were restored. Also, the TRNC Office of Antiquities and Museums carried out an inventory work and a list of buildings was prepared. Most of the historical houses of the Dervish Pasha Street texture are being used as dwellings, and three of those buildings are being used for cultural and artistic functions.
Uma escola diferente do mundo lá fora
Authors: Sauer Margrid , Saraiva Karla
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar porque os pais escolhem escolas disciplinares e militarizadas para matricularem os filhos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas. Os dados da primeira etapa permitiram compreender que a motivação dos pais para procurar a escola foi o bom desempenho em vestibulares e no ENEM, bem como seu sistema disciplinar. As entrevistas da segunda etapa mostram que os alunos gradativamente abandonam amigos e atividades que não estejam relacionadas à escola e que a rígida disciplina modifica não apenas os alunos, mas suas próprias famílias. O desempenho no vestibular apareceu também nesta segunda etapa e justifica os sacrifícios impostos pela disciplina.
A militarização das escolas públicas: uma análise a partir das pesquisas da área de educação no Brasil
Authors: Alves Miriam Fábia , Toschi Mirza Seabra
Published: January 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da militarização das escolas públicas no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados: Portal de Periódicos da Capes; Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações; Google Acadêmico. A partir do levantamento emergiram questões relativas à gestão militarizada e suas interferências na prática pedagógica, a formatação de um modelo de escola que prioriza a disciplina e o controle, a relação de dependência entre a melhora do desempenho escola e as características dos estudantes.
Emerging Role of Angiotensin AT2 Receptor in Anti-Inflammation: An Update
Authors: Patel Sanket N. , Fatima Naureen , Ali Riyasat , Hussain Tahir
Published: January 2020

The hyperactive RAS and inflammation are closely associated. The angiotensin-II/AT1R axis of the
RAS has been explored extensively for its role in inflammation and a plethora of pathological conditions. Understanding
the role of AT2R in inflammation is an emerging area of research. The AT2R is expressed on a variety of
immune and non-immune cells, which upon activation triggers the release of a host of cytokines and has multiple
effects that coalesce to anti-inflammation and prevents maladaptive repair. The anti-inflammatory outcomes of
AT2R activation are linked to its well-established signaling pathways involving formation of nitric oxide and
activation of phosphatases. Collectively, these effects promote cell survival and tissue function. The consideration
of AT2R as a therapeutic target requires further investigations.
Critical View on the Usage of Ribavirin in Already Existing Psychostimulant-Use Disorder
Authors: Petković Branka , Kesić Srđan , Pešić Vesna
Published: January 2020

Substance-use disorder represents a frequently hidden non-communicable chronic disease. Patients
with intravenous drug addiction are at high risk of direct exposure to a variety of viral infections and are considered
to be the largest subpopulation infected with the hepatitis C virus. Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analog
that has been used as an integral component of hepatitis C therapy. However, ribavirin medication is quite often
associated with pronounced psychiatric adverse effects. It is not well understood to what extent ribavirin per se
contributes to changes in drug-related neurobehavioral disturbances, especially in the case of psychostimulant
drugs, such as amphetamine. It is now well-known that repeated amphetamine usage produces psychosis in humans
and behavioral sensitization in animals. On the other hand, ribavirin has an affinity for adenosine A1 receptors
that antagonistically modulate the activity of dopamine D1 receptors, which play a critical role in the development
of behavioral sensitization. This review will focus on the current knowledge of neurochemical/
neurobiological changes that exist in the psychostimulant drug-addicted brain itself and the antipsychotic-like
efficiency of adenosine agonists. Particular attention will be paid to the potential side effects of ribavirin therapy,
and the opportunities and challenges related to its application in already existing psychostimulant-use disorder.
Treatment with the Ketone Body D-β-hydroxybutyrate Attenuates Autophagy Activated by NMDA and Reduces Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage in the Rat Striatum In Vivo
Authors: Montiel Teresa , Montes-Ortega Luis A. , Flores-Yáñez Susana , Massieu Lourdes
Published: January 2020

Background:

The ketone bodies (KB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate, have been proposed
for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disorders, however, the molecular mechanisms involved
in KB protection are not well understood. KB can substitute for glucose and support mitochondrial metabolism
increasing cell survival. We have reported that the D-isomer of BHB (D-BHB) stimulates autophagic degradation
during glucose deprivation in cultured neurons increasing cell viability. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation
process of damaged proteins and organelles activated during nutrient deprivation to obtain building blocks and
energy. However, impaired or excessive autophagy can contribute to neuronal death.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to test whether D-BHB can preserve autophagic function in an in
vivo model of excitotoxic damage induced by the administration of the glutamate receptor agonist, N-methyl-Daspartate
(NMDA), in the rat striatum.

Methods:

D-BHB was administered through an intravenous injection followed by either an intraperitoneal injection
(i.v+i.p) or a continuous epidural infusion (i.v+pump), or through a continuous infusion of D-BHB alone.
Changes in the autophagy proteins ATG7, ATG5, BECLIN 1 (BECN1), LC3, Sequestrosome1/p62 (SQSTM1/
p62) and the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2, were evaluated by immunoblot. The lesion volume was
measured in cresyl violet-stained brain sections.

Results:

Autophagy is activated early after NMDA injection but autophagic degradation is impaired due to the
cleavage of LAMP2. Twenty-four h after NMDA intrastriatal injection, the autophagic flux is re-established, but
LAMP2 cleavage is still observed. The administration of D-BHB through the i.v+pump protocol reduced the
content of autophagic proteins and the cleavage of LAMP2, suggesting decreased autophagosome formation and
lysosomal membrane preservation, improving autophagic degradation. D-BHB also reduced brain injury. The
i.v+i.p administration protocol and the infusion of D-BHB alone showed no effect on autophagy activation or
degradation.
Realgar Nanoparticles Inhibit Migration, Invasion and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Matrix Metalloproteinases and Angiogenesis
Authors: Xiaoxia Xi , Jing Sun , Dongbin Xi , Yonggang Tian , Jingke Zhang , yanying Zhang , Hulai Wei
Published: January 2020

Background:

Realgar, a traditional Chinese medicine, has shown antitumor efficacy in several
tumor types. We previously showed that realgar nanoparticles (nano-realgar) had significant antileukemia,
anti-lung cancer and anti-liver cancer effects. In addition, the anti-tumor effects of nanorealgar
were significantly better than those of ordinary realgar.

Objective:

To explore the inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of nano-realgar on the migration,
invasion and metastasis of mouse breast cancer cells.

Methods:

Wound-healing migration assays and Transwell invasion assays were carried out to determine
the effects of nano-realgar on breast cancer cell (4T1) migration and invasion. The expression
levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were measured by Western blot. A murine breast
cancer metastasis model was established, administered nano-realgar for 32 days and monitored for
tumor growth and metastasis by an in vivo optical imaging system. Finally, living imaging and hematoxylin
and eosin (HE) staining were used to measure the morphology and pathology of lung and liver
cancer cell metastases, respectively. Angiogenesis was assessed by CD34 immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Nano-realgar significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer 4T1 cells and
the expression of MMP-2 and -9. Meanwhile, nano-realgar effectively suppressed the abilities of tumor
growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in the murine breast cancer metastasis model in a time- and dosedependent
manner.

Conclusion:

Nano-realgar significantly inhibited migration and invasion of mouse breast cancer cells
in vitro as well as pulmonary and hepatic metastasis in vivo, which may be closely correlated with the
downexpression of MMP-2 and -9 and suppression of tumor neovascularization.