bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Application of Handwashing with Soap in the Elderly in Preventing Covid-19 at UPT PSTW Khusnul Khotimah Riau Province Social Service in 2022
Authors: Melenina Ferda , Ismainar Hetty , Hayana Hayana , Rasyid Zulmeliza , Sando Welly
Published: August 2022

Handwashing With Soap is as an implementation of sanitation that achieves optimal hygiene by washing hands and fingers using soap in running water, one of the purposes of Washing Hands With Soap is to avoid infections contaminated with viruses through the nose, mouth, and eye contact. Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Social Service Technical Service Unit is a Tresna Werdha Social Service Technical Service Unit under the auspices of the Riau Provincial Social Service Office. Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Social Service Technical Service Unit has 64 elderly people, there are 7 cases of covid-19 in it. The purpose of this study is generally to look at factors related to the application of handwashing with soap to the elderly in the prevention of covid-19. This type of research is quantitative by using cross sectional design. The study sample was 64 elderly using Total Sampling. The location of this study was at the Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Social Service Technical Service Unit  in April-May 2022. The results showed that knowledge (P value = 0.006, OR = 4,948), attitude (P value = 0.011, OR = 4,385), action (P value = 0.005, OR = 5,273), handwashing facilities with soap (P value = 0.035, OR = 3,438) means that there is a significant relationship with the application of handwashing with soap in the elderly in the prevention of Covid-19. It is recommended for the Social Service Technical Service Unit of Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah to increase the application of washing tangsan with soap for the elderly by accompanying every activity to implement hand washing and providing campaign / educational media such as banners / posters regarding the application of handwashing with soap in the prevention of Covid-19.
Saberes emergidos na pandemia: o caso do Coletivo Brasileiro de Trombonistas
Authors: Barros Klênio Jonessy de Medeiros , Barros Neto Samuel de Freitas , Oliveira Antonio Henrique Seixas
Published: August 2022

Partindo da realização do I Seminário Virtual de Trombone, promovido pelo Coletivo Brasileiro de Trombonistas (CBT) em plena pandemia, este artigo é uma proposta de reflexão sobre a percepção das transformações operadas nas cartografias do saber em tempos de pandemia. Como marco teórico, utiliza-se o conceito de pandemia intelectual e propõem-se ferramentas conceituais para a realização de alguns deslocamentos necessários para uma Ecologia de Saberes. O objetivo é entender como se desenvolvem, em contextos de isolamento, os processos de constituição de saberes, à luz do caso particular do CBT. Esta pesquisa apontou para o questionamento sobre como a lógica da pandemia intelectual em curso se articula com a constituição de saberes em trânsitos virtuais. A análise dos testemunhos conseguidos possibilitou a definição de 8 categorias principais de análise e a construção de uma cartografia social do que emergiu, que nos encaminhou rumo às respostas para as perguntas levantadas neste estudo.
Does Digital Transformation Stimulate the Unemployment Rate in Vietnam?
Authors: Liệu Phan Thị , Hiếu Nguyễn Văn , Nhật Trần Hồng
Published: August 2022

Digital transformation is a significant driver for better economic growth. However, it might lead to massive changes in the economy’s structure. So, the impact of digital transformation on the unemployment rate is an interesting topic, especially in emerging countries. In Vietnam, the relationship between digital transformation and unemployment has not been explored. By adopting the cointegration test, and autoregressive distributed lag approach, our results reveal a negative impact of digital transformation on the unemployment rate in the long term. Besides, the outcome also indicates that inflation negatively influences unemployment both in the short- and long-run. This demonstrates that maintaining a certain inflation rate and boosting investments in digital transformation will be two key elements in keeping unemployment under control in this nation. This discovery contributes to the development of recommendations for lowering Vietnam's unemployment rate.
Building a synthesis of economic costs of biological invasions in New Zealand
Authors: Bodey Thomas W. , Carter Zachary T. , Haubrock Phillip J. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Welsh Melissa J. , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck
Published: August 2022

Biological invasions are a major component of anthropogenic environmental change, incurring substantial economic costs across all sectors of society and ecosystems. There have been recent syntheses of costs for a number of countries using the newly compiled InvaCost database, but New Zealand—a country renowned for its approach to invasive species management—has so far not been examined. Here we analyse reported economic damage and management costs incurred by biological invasions in New Zealand from 1968 to 2020. In total, US$69 billion (NZ$97 billion) is currently reported over this ∼50-year period, with approximately US$9 billion of this considered highly reliable, observed (c.f. projected) costs. Most (82%) of these observed economic costs are associated with damage, with comparatively little invested in management (18%). Reported costs are increasing over time, with damage averaging US$120 million per year and exceeding management expenditure in all decades. Where specified, most reported costs are from terrestrial plants and animals, with damages principally borne by primary industries such as agriculture and forestry. Management costs are more often associated with interventions by authorities and stakeholders. Relative to other countries present in the InvaCost database, New Zealand was found to spend considerably more than expected from its Gross Domestic Product on pre- and post-invasion management costs. However, some known ecologically (c.f. economically) impactful invasive species are notably absent from estimated damage costs, and management costs are not reported for a number of game animals and agricultural pathogens. Given these gaps for known and potentially damaging invaders, we urge improved cost reporting at the national scale, including improving public accessibility through increased access and digitisation of records, particularly in overlooked socioeconomic sectors and habitats. This also further highlights the importance of investment in management to curtail future damages across all sectors.
O LUTO NO BRASIL NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Pinheiro Koury Mauro Guilherme
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão das mudanças comportamentais da população brasileira urbana frente ao fenômeno do luto e da perda. É resultado de um grande mapeamento do comportamento do homem brasileiro, de segmentos médios urbanos, e das mudanças experienciadas na sua sensibilidade, no decorrer da segunda metade da última década do século XX, tendo o processo de luto e da perda como mote analítico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho de luto. Sentimento de perda. Sofrimento. Vergonha. Individualismo. Brasil urbano. MOURNING IN BRAZIL AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY Mauro Guilherme Pinheiro Koury This article aims to contribute for the understanding of the behavioral changes in the urban Brazilian population regarding mourning and loss. It is the result of a broad mapping of the behavioral of Brazilians from average urban segments, and of the changes experienced in their sensibility during the second half of the 20th century, using mourning and loss as a guide for analysis. KEYWORDS: mourning, loss, bereavement, shame, individualism, urban Brazil. LE DEUIL AU BRÉSIL À LA FIN DU XXe SIÈCLE Mauro Guilherme Pinheiro Koury L’objectif de cet article est d’apporter une contribution à la compréhension des changements de comportement de la population brésilienne urbaine face au phénomène de deuil et de perte. Il résulte d’un quadrillage du comportement de l’homme brésilien, de segments de la classe moyenne urbaine, et des changements qui ont eu lieu au niveau de sa sensibilité au cours de la deuxième moitié de la dernière décennie du XXe siècle, le processus de deuil et de perte en constituant un attribut analytique. MOTS-CLÉS: Travail de deuil. Sentiment de perte. Souffrance. Honte. individualisme, Brésil urbain. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
A SOCIOLOGIA PERIFÉRICA DE GUERREIRO RAMOS
Authors: Ehlert Maia João Marcelo
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa a obra do sociólogo Alberto Guerreiro Ramos como parte do campo da sociologia periférica. Por meio de uma leitura interna de seus textos escritos na década de 1950, sugere-se que uma abordagem transnacional de sua produção intelectual pode contribuir para inserir a história do pensamento social brasileiro no campo da história global da sociologia no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial.Palavras-chave : Guerreiro Ramos; Sociologia Periférica; História Da Sociologia; Pensamento Social Brasileiro.The peripheral sociology of Guerreiro Ramos João Marcelo Ehlert MaiaThis article analyzes the works by sociologist Alberto Guerreiro Ramos as a part of the field of peripheral sociology. From an internal reading of his texts written in the 1950s, we suggest that a transnational approach of his intellectual output may contribute to inserting the history of Brazilian social thought in the field of the global history of post-WWII sociology.Palavras-chave : Guerreiro Ramos; Peripheral Sociology; History Of Sociology; Brazilian Social Thought.La sociologie périphérique de Guerreiro Ramos João Marcelo Ehlert MaiaL’article analyse l’oeuvre de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos en tant que partie du champ de la sociologie périphérique. Par une lecture interne de ses textes écrits dans les années 1950, nous partons de l’hypothèse selon laquelle une approche transnationale de sa production intellectuelle peut contribuer à insérer l’histoire de la pensée sociale brésilienne dans le champ de l’histoire mondiale de la sociologie post Deuxième Guerre Mondiale.Palavras-chave : Guerreiro Ramos; Sociologie Périphérique; Histoire De La Sociologie; Pensée Sociale Brésilienne.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Demonstration of Low Work Function Perovskite SrVO3 Using Thermionic Electron Emission
Authors: Lin Lin , Jacobs Ryan , Chen Dongzheng , Vlahos Vasilios , Lu‐Steffes Otto , Alonso Jose A. , Morgan Dane , Booske John
Published: August 2022

Engineering a material's work function is of central importance for many technologies and in particular electron emitters used in high‐power vacuum electronics and thermionic energy converters. A low work function surface is typically achieved through unstable surface functional species, especially in high power thermionic electron emitter applications. Discovering and engineering new materials with intrinsic, stable low work functions obtainable without volatile surface species would mark a definitive advancement in the design of electron emitters. This work reports evidence for the existence of a low work function surface on a bulk, monolithic, electrically conductive perovskite oxide: SrVO3. After considering the patch field effect on the heterogeneous emitting surface of the bulk polycrystalline samples, this study suggests the presence of low work function (≈2 eV) emissive grains on SrVO3 surface. Emission current densities of 10–100 mA cm–2 at ≈1000 °C, comparable to commercial LaB6 thermionic cathodes, indicative of an overall effective thermionic work function of 2.3–2.7 eV are obtained. This study demonstrates that perovskites like SrVO3 may have intrinsically low work functions comparable to commercialized W‐based dispenser cathodes and suggests that, with further engineering, perovskites may represent a new class of low work function electron emitters.
Amine Salts Vapor Healing Perfected Perovskite Layers for NiOx Based p‐i‐n Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yu , Lin Zedong , Wang Jian , Xu Rongguo , Zhang Kai , Wang Gaopeng , Liu Tongfa , Zhou Huanping , Xiao Shuang , Yang Shihe
Published: August 2022

Post‐treatment is a widely used strategy to reduce defects in perovskite films, but has been largely limited to the solution phase. Herein, the posttreatment tool kit and develop a universal amine salts (AIXI) vapor healing strategy by taking advantage of the penetrating power of vapor and the soft‐matter characteristics of halide perovskite is expanded. In a striking demonstration, the post‐treatment of pristine perovskite layers allows simultaneous filling of the MA+ and I– vacancies, passivation of both the cation and anion defects, and healing of the films to high order and high crystallinity required for high device performance, from the surface to the bulk and all the way down to the bottom. Experiments and DFT calculations revealed that charge extraction can be enhanced and non‐radiative recombination can be reduced by regulating the energy levels and reducing the trap states via the AIXI vapor healing. Moreover, the diffusing AIXI can reach the NiOx surface to obstruct the undesirable interfacial reactions and passivate the interface defects, further reducing the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss. The vapor healing strategy substantially reduces the trap density from 4.76 × 1015 to 1.04 × 1015 cm–3, and promots power conversion efficiency of the champion device from 17.92% to 20.48% with superior device consistency, Voc up to 1.114 V and the operational device stability.
Spontaneous Hybrid Cross‐Linked Network Induced by Multifunctional Copolymer toward Mechanically Resilient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Han Tae‐Hee , Zhao Yepin , Yoon Jungjin , Woo Joo Yoon , Cho Eun‐Ha , Kim Wan Dong , Lee Changsoo , Lee Jin‐Wook , Choi Jin‐Myung , Han Jiye , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Wang Kai , Priya Shashank , Balaban Milica , Jeon Il , Yang Yang
Published: August 2022

Mechanically resilient optoelectronic devices are relevant for a wide range of applications, including portable and wearable devices. Perovskite thin film‐based devices are a suitable choice for designing such resilient systems as it demonstrates high performance while preserving moderate mechanical compliance. Yet its mechanical property can be improved further by integrating the energy dissipation system and self‐healing ability into the thin film. Copolymers containing Lewis‐base functional groups, elastomer chains, and cyclic linkages are synthesized and introduced into the perovskite precursor. The polymers impart multifunctional effect of controlled crystal growth, defect passivation, protection against moisture, mechanical energy dissipation, and self‐recoverability. The polymer‐added perovskite solar cells are shown to provide a power conversion efficiency of 23.25% (a steady‐state efficiency of 22.61%), due to the strong coordinative covalent interaction between the polymer and the perovskite. An operational lifetime of solar cells under harsh conditions is also substantially extended by the polymer incorporation. Furthermore, the interchain hydrogen‐bond strength controlled by the cyclic linkage, and hybrid cross‐linked network formed within the thin film significantly improves the mechanical stability and self‐recoverability of the thin film. As a result, the devices demonstrate robustness under 2000 cyclic flex tests at a bending radius of 1 mm.
Synergy of Spin‐Orbit Torque and Built‐In Field in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Tilted Magnetic Anisotropy: Toward Tunable and Reliable Spintronic Neurons
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Ziwei , Xu Nuo , Liu Long , Lin Huai , Zhao Xuefeng , Jiang Sheng , Lin Weinan , Gao Nan , Liu Ming , Xing Guozhong
Published: August 2022

Owing to programmable nonlinear dynamics, magnetic domain wall (DW)‐based devices can be configured to function as spintronic neurons, promising to execute sophisticated tasks as a human brain. Developing energy‐efficient, CMOS compatible, reliable, and tunable spintronic neurons to emulate brain‐inspired processes has been a key research goal for decades. Here, a new type of DW device is reported with biological neuron characteristics driven by the synergistic interaction between spin‐orbit torque and built‐in field (Hbuilt‐in) in magnetic tunnel junctions, enabling time‐ and energy‐efficient leaky‐integrate‐and‐fire and self‐reset neuromorphic implementations. A tilted magnetic anisotropic free layer is proposed and further executed to mitigate the DW retrograde motion by suppressing the Walker breakdown. Complementary experiments and micromagnetic co‐simulation results show that the integrating/leaking time of the developed spintronic neuron can be tuned to 12/15 ns with an integrating power consumption of 65 µW, which is 36× and 1.84× time and energy efficient than the state‐of‐the‐art alternatives, respectively. Moreover, the spatial distribution of Hbuilt‐in can be modulated by adjusting the width and compensation of the reference layer, facilitating tunable activation function generator exploration. Such architecture demonstrates great potential in both fundamental research and new trajectories of technology advancement for spintronic neuron hardware applications.
Sleep disturbance is a common feature of Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Rapp Tyler , Kalinousky Allison J. , Johnson Jennifer , Bjornsson Hans , Harris Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare epigenetic disorder caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in either KMT2D (90%) or KDM6A (10%), both involved in regulation of histone methylation. While sleep disturbance in other Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery has been reported, no study has been conducted on sleep in KS. This study assessed sleep in 59 participants with KS using a validated sleep questionnaire. Participants ranged in age from 4 to 43 years old with 86% of participants having a pathogenic variant in KMT2D. In addition, data on adaptive function, behavior, anxiety, and quality of life were collected using their respective questionnaires. Some form of sleep issue was present in 71% of participants, with night‐waking, daytime sleepiness, and sleep onset delay being the most prevalent. Sleep dysfunction was positively correlated with maladaptive behaviors, anxiety levels, and decreasing quality of life. Sleep issues were not correlated with adaptive function. This study establishes sleep disturbance as a common feature of KS. Quantitative sleep measures may be a useful outcome measure for clinical trials in KS. Further, clinicians caring for those with KS should consider sleep dysfunction as an important feature that impacts overall health and well being in these patients.
Non‐Uniqueness of Driving Fields Generating Non‐Linear Optical Response
Authors: McCaul Gerard , King Alexander F. , Bondar Denys I.
Published: August 2022

In recent years, non‐linear optical phenomena have attracted much attention, with a particular focus on the engineering and exploitation of non‐linear responses. Comparatively little study has, however, been devoted to the driving fields that generate these responses. This work demonstrates that the relationship between a driving field and the optical response it induces is non‐unique. Using a generic model for a strongly interacting system, it is shown that multiple candidate driving field exists, which will all generate the same response. Consequently, it is possible to show that the optical response is not sufficient to determine the internal dynamics of the system, and that different solutions for the driving field will do different amounts of work on a system. Physically, the work done indicates the energy absorbed by the system from the field and will therefore correspond to modifying the absorption spectrum of the material. This non‐uniqueness phenomenon may be further utilized to engineer thermodynamically efficient system states without modifying its optical response.
Small‐Molecule‐based Supramolecular Plastics Mediated by Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation**
Authors: Yu Jingjing , Qi Dawei , Mäkilä Ermei , Lassila Lippo , Papageorgiou Anastassios C. , Peurla Markus , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Zhao Zhao , Vallittu Pekka , Jalkanen Sirpa , Jia Chunman , Li Jianwei
Published: August 2022

Plastics are one of the most widely used polymeric materials. However, they are often undegradable and non‐recyclable due to the very stable covalent bonds of macromolecules, causing environmental pollution and health problems. Here, we report that liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) could drive the formation of robust, stable, and sustainable plastics using small molecules. The LLPS process could sequester and concentrate solutes, strengthen the non‐covalent association between molecules and produce a bulk material whose property was highly related to the encapsulated water amounts. It was a robust plastic with a remarkable Young's modulus of 139.5 MPa when the water content was low while became adhesive and could instantly self‐heal with more absorbed water. Finally, responsiveness enabled the material to be highly recyclable. This work allowed us to understand the LLPS at the molecular level and demonstrated that LLPS is a promising approach to exploring eco‐friendly supramolecular plastics that are potential substitutes for conventional polymers.
Polystyrene‐based Macromolecular Ammonium Halides for Tuning Color and Exchange Kinetics of Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Cueto Christopher , Hu Weiguo , Ribbe Alexander , Bolduc Kimberly , Emrick Todd
Published: August 2022

Post‐synthesis anion exchange of all‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbX3 NCs, where X=Cl, Br, and/or I) provides a rapid and simple means of tuning their band gap and photoluminescence emission wavelengths. Here we report color‐shifting of CsPbX3 nanocrystals induced by a macromolecular source of halide ions, specifically using polystyrene with ammonium halides as pendent groups. This strategy for introducing new halides to the perovskite nanocrystals gave access to perovskite‐polymer hybrid materials as solutions, thin films, or free‐flowing powders. Spectroscopic measurements of the halide‐exchanged nanocrystal products revealed high photoluminescence quantum yields across the visible spectrum, with exchange kinetics that were tunable based on the solution environment, suggesting an aggregation‐inhibited exchange process that affords access to multi‐colored solutions and films.
Photo‐Excited Nickel‐Catalyzed Silyl‐Radical‐Mediated Direct Activation of Carbamoyl Chlorides To Access (Hetero)aryl Carbamides**
Authors: Maiti Sudip , Roy Sayan , Ghosh Pintu , Kasera Aashi , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2022

Amide bonds connect the amino acids in proteins and exist as a prevalent structural motif in biomolecules. Herein, we have exploited the concept of cross‐electrophile coupling by merging the photo‐redox and transition‐metal catalysis to construct carbamides from superabundant (hetero)aryl halides along with commercially feasible carbamoyl chlorides. The success of this method relies on the prior formation of NiII‐aryl halide intermediates, which involves in a photoexcited Ni‐halide homolysis event by energy transfer from aryl bromide and single‐electron transfer from aryl chloride to assist generation of the vital carbamoyl radical. The breadth of application of this technique is demonstrated both in inter‐ as well as intramolecular routes for the synthesis of a plethora of (hetero)aryl carbamides with diverse functionalities, and biologically important benzolactams.
Simultaneously Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Stability of a Metal‐Organic Framework via Post‐Synthetic Modification for Water Vapor Sorption/Desorption
Authors: Luo Tian‐Yi , Park Sunghwan , Chen Tso‐Hsuan , Prerna  , Patel Roshan , Li Xinyu , Ilja Siepmann J. , Caratzoulas Stavros , Xia Zhiyong , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: August 2022

With increasing demands for high‐performance water sorption materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable attention due to their high maximum uptake capacities. In many cases, however, high overall capacity is not necessarily accomplishing high working capacity under operating conditions, due to insufficient hydrophilicity and/or water stability. Herein, we present a post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of MOF‐808, with di‐sulfonic acids enhancing simultaneously its hydrophilicity and water stability without sacrificing its uptake capacity of ≈30 mmol g−1. Di‐sulfonic acid PSM enabled a shift of the relative humidity (RH) associated with a sharp step in water vapor sorption from 35–40 % RH in MOF‐808 to below 25 % RH. While MOF‐808 lost uptake capacity and crystallinity over multiple sorption/desorption cycles, the di‐sulfonic acid PSM MOF‐808 retained >80 % of the original capacity. PSM MOF‐808 exhibited good hydrothermal stability up to 60 °C and high swing capacity.
Topochemical Synthesis of Ca3CrN3H Involving a Rotational Structural Transformation for Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Cao Yu , Kirsanova Maria A. , Ochi Masayuki , Al Maksoud Walid , Zhu Tong , Rai Rohit , Gao Shenghan , Tsumori Tatsuya , Kobayashi Shintaro , Kawaguchi Shogo , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Kuroki Kazuhiko , Tassel Cédric , Abakumov Artem M. , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Topochemical reactions have led to great progress in the discovery of new metastable compounds with novel chemical and physical properties. With these reactions, the overall crystal structure of the host material is generally maintained. Here we report a topochemical synthesis of a hexagonal nitride hydride, h‐Ca3CrN3H, by heating an orthorhombic nitride, o‐Ca3CrN3, under hydrogen at 673 K, accompanied by a rotational structural transformation. The hydrogen intercalation modifies the Ca−N rock‐salt‐like atomic packing in o‐Ca3CrN3 to a face‐sharing octahedral chain in h‐Ca3CrN3H, mimicking a “hinged tessellation” movement. In addition, the h‐Ca3CrN3H exhibited stable ammonia synthesis activity when used as a catalyst.
Ketenes in the Induction of the Methanol‐to‐Olefins Process
Authors: Wu Xiangkun , Zhang Zihao , Pan Zeyou , Zhou Xiaoguo , Bodi Andras , Hemberger Patrick
Published: August 2022

Ketene (CH2=C=O) has been postulated as a key intermediate for the first olefin production in the zeolite‐catalyzed chemistry of methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) and syngas‐to‐olefins (STO) processes. The reaction mechanism remains elusive, because the short‐lived ethenone ketene and its derivatives are difficult to detect, which is further complicated by the low expected ketene concentration. We report on the experimental detection of methylketene (CH3−CH=C=O) formed by the methylation of ketene on HZSM‐5 via operando synchrotron photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy. Ketene is produced in situ from methyl acetate. The observation of methylketene as the ethylene precursor evidences a computationally predicted ketene‐to‐ethylene route proceeding via a methylketene intermediate followed by decarbonylation.
Membrane Manipulation of Giant Unilamellar Polymer Vesicles with a Temperature‐Responsive Polymer
Authors: de Souza Melchiors Marina , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Harley Iain , Sayer Claudia , Araújo Pedro H. H. , Caire da Silva Lucas , Ferguson Calum T. J. , Landfester Katharina
Published: August 2022

Understanding the complex behavior and dynamics of cellular membranes is integral to gain insight into cellular division and fusion processes. Bottom‐up synthetic cells are as a platform for replicating and probing cellular behavior. Giant polymer vesicles are more robust than liposomal counterparts, as well as having a broad range of chemical functionalities. However, the stability of the membrane can prohibit dynamic processes such as membrane phase separation and division. Here, we present a method for manipulating the membrane of giant polymersomes using a temperature responsive polymer. Upon elevation of temperature deformation and phase separation of the membrane was observed. Upon cooling, the membrane relaxed and became homogeneous again, with infrequent division of the synthetic cells.
Hydrophobicity Graded Gas Diffusion Layer for Stable Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Li Linbo , Chen Jun , Mosali Venkata Sai Sriram , Liang Yan , Bond Alan M. , Gu Qinfen , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2022

To mitigate flooding associated with the gas diffusion layer (GDL) during electroreduction of CO2, we report a hydrophobicity‐graded hydrophobic GDL (HGGDL). Coating uniformly dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binders on the carbon fiber skeleton of a hydrophilic GDL uniformizes the hydrophobicity of the GDL and also alleviates the gas blockage of pore channels. Further adherence of the PTFE macroporous layer (PMPL) to one side of the hydrophobic carbon fiber skeleton was aided by sintering. The introduced PMPL shows an appropriate pore size and enhanced hydrophobicity. As a result, the HGGDL offers spatial control of the hydrophobicity and hence water and gas transport over the GDL. Using a nickel‐single‐atom catalyst, the resulting HGGDL electrode provided a CO faradaic efficiency of over 83 % at a constant current density of 75 mA cm−2 for 103 h operation in a membrane electrode assembly, which is more than 16 times that achieved with a commercial GDL.
HXV2O5 Nanocatalysts Combined with Ultrasound for Triple Amplification of Oxidative Stress to Enhance Cancer Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Hou Linqian , Gong Fei , Han Zhihui , Wang Yuanjie , Yang Yuqi , Cheng Shuning , Yang Nailin , Liu Zhuang , Cheng Liang
Published: August 2022

Multiple amplification of tumor oxidative stress has been demonstrated as efficient strategy to enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated cancer therapy. Herein, vanadium‐based nanocatalysts, hydrogen vanadium bronzes (HXV2O5, for short HVO), were constructed and employed as novel biocatalysts for amplifying tumor oxidative stress and enhancing cancer catalytic therapy. Such HVO nanocatalysts harboring multivalent V element possessed multi‐functional catalytic activity in decomposing H2O2 into ⋅OH and depleting endogenous glutathione (GSH) to dually amplify tumor oxidative stress. Meanwhile, HVO nanocatalysts could also be activated by ultrasound to further triply amplify oxidative stress. The massive intracellular ROS caused mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell proliferation inhibition, further realizing cancer cell death and tumor growth inhibition. Collectively, HVO nanocatalysts highlight the remarkable value of ROS‐mediated cancer therapies.
Emissive Metallacage‐Cored Polyurethanes with Self‐Healing and Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Gao Kai , Feng Qian , Zhang Zeyuan , Zhang Ruoqian , Hou Yali , Mu Chaoqun , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingming
Published: August 2022

The structures of the crosslinks in supramolecular polymer networks play an important role on their properties and functions. Herein, emissive metallacages are used as crosslinks to prepare metallacage‐cored polyurethanes. The mechanical properties including storage modulus, toughness, Young's modulus and breaking strength of polymers are greatly enhanced with the increase of crosslinking densities. Moreover, such polymers not only exhibit good fluorescence in the solid state, but also show self‐healing and shape memory properties owing to the dynamic reversible non‐covalent bonds in their structures. This study not only offers a convenient strategy to prepare metallacage‐crosslinked networks, but also explores their applications as self‐healing and shape memory materials, which will promote the study of metallacage‐cored supramolecular networks as smart materials.
Vulcanization behavior and thermal performance of peroxide‐curable fluoroelastomer
Authors: Wang Chen , Su Zhengtao
Published: August 2022

Different coagents including triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and trimethallyl isocyanurate (TMAIC) were applicated on peroxide curable fluoroelastomer (FKM). The cure efficiency for TAIC has found to be higher than TMAIC using rubber process analyzing (RPA). Moreover, TAIC also creates extra exothermal peak and greater enthalpy in Differential scanning calorimetry test. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectra further demonstrated that TMAIC expresses low tendency on crosslinking with cure sites and homopolymerization, the network formed by TMAIC expressed more prominent degradation under thermo‐oxidative aging which also supported by mechanical properties. In the end, different network modes were purposed corresponding to vulcanizates using TAIC and TMAIC, and the network consisting relatively long segments of TAIC polymer exhibits better stability during thermo‐oxidative aging.
Combining PSA and PET features to select candidates for salvage lymph node dissection in recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Bravi Carlo A. , Heidenreich Axel , Fossati Nicola , Gandaglia Giorgio , Suardi Nazareno , Mazzone Elio , Stabile Armando , Cucchiara Vito , Osmonov Daniar , Juenemann Klaus‐Peter , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Kretschmer Alexander , Buchner Alexander , Stief Christian , Hiester Andreas , Albers Peter , Devos Gaëtan , Joniau Steven , Van Poppel Hendrik , Grubmüller Bernhard , Shariat Shahrokh , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Gill Inderbir S. , Mottrie Alexander , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Pfister David
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between pre‐operative PSA value, 68Ga‐prostate‐specific‐membrane‐antigen (PSMA) PET performance and oncologic outcomes after salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients and methods

The study included 164 patients diagnosed with ≤2 pelvic lymph‐node recurrence(s) of PCa documented on 68Ga‐PSMA PET scan and treated with pelvic ± retroperitoneal sLND at 11 high‐volume centres between 2012 and 2019. Pathologic findings were correlated to PSA values at time of sLND, categorized in early (<0.5 ng/ml), low (0.5–0.99 ng/ml), moderate (1–1.5 ng/ml) and high (>1.5 ng/ml). Clinical recurrence (CR)‐free survival after sLND was calculated using multivariable analyses and plotted over pre‐operative PSA value.

Results

Median [interquartile range (IQR)] PSA at sLND was 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) ng/ml, and 131 (80%) patients had one positive spot at PET scan. All patients received pelvic sLND, whereas 91 (55%) men received also retroperitoneal dissection. Median (IQR) number of node removed was 15 (6, 28). The rate of positive pathology increased as a function of pre‐operative PSA value, with highest rates for patients with pre‐operative PSA > 1.5 ng/ml (pelvic‐only sLNDs: 84%; pelvic + retroperitoneal sLNDs: 90%). After sLND, PSA ≤ 0.3 ng/ml was detected in 67 (41%) men. On multivariable analyses, pre‐operative PSA was associated with PSA response (p < 0.0001). There were 51 CRs after sLND. After adjusting for confounders, we found a significant, non‐linear relationship between PSA level at sLND and the 12‐month CR‐free survival (p < 0.0001), with the highest probability of freedom from CR for patients who received sLND at PSA level ≥1 ng/ml.

Conclusions

In case of PET‐detected nodal recurrences amenable to sLND, salvage surgery was associated with the highest short‐term oncologic outcomes when performed in men with PSA ≥ 1 ng/ml. Awaiting confirmatory data from prospective trials, these findings may help physicians to optimize the timing for 68Ga‐PSMA PET in biochemical recurrent PCa.
Continuous improvement of a bioengineering CURE: Preparing students for a changing world
Authors: Mishra Chandrani , Novak Lauren , Riley Coleen , Okekeogbu Ikenna , Smith Gillian , Brace Emma , Kerstiens Emily , Clase Kari
Published: August 2022

Based on recent education reform guidelines to prepare professionals who are able to handle new technological, economic, social, and environmental challenges, pedagogical modifications are deemed necessary by the educators. Specifically, in biology, the rapid changes in the content and biological products demand changes in the curriculum. We aim to address this current need by providing an example of a course that was redesigned to meet the current trends of biological engineering education. In this course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE), learning objectives and possible outcomes were developed and assessment mapping was performed to align the course objectives with the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) recommendations. A description of how one can assess authentic inquiry courses while adhering to the recommendations are discussed. For example, in this particular course, students completed weekly reflection assignments, maintained lab notebooks that were graded every week, presented their research to their peers at the end of the semester, and submitted a final paper to be graded. “Holistic” engineering is crucial for the all‐around development of a 21st century engineer. Altering the traditional lecturing with more hands‐on learning is crucial for the development of professional and communication skills of students. Such alterations could lead to the production of well‐rounded life‐long learners to serve the upcoming world.
Assisted reproductive technology and association with childhood cancer subtypes
Authors: Gulrajani Natalie B. , Montes Samuel , McGough Daniel , Wimberly Courtney E. , Khattab Ameera , Semmes Eleanor C. , Towry Lisa , Cohen Jennifer L. , Hurst Jillian H. , Landi Daniel , Hill Sherika N. , Walsh Kyle M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To investigate the association between assisted reproductive technology (ART) use and childhood cancer subtype.

Study Design

We deployed a cross‐sectional survey of 1701 parents of children with cancer about their ART use, demographics, and gestational and perinatal factors. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between ART use, birthweight and multiple gestation status with childhood cancer, by subtype.

Results

ART use was highest among children with osteosarcoma relative to children with other cancer types, and this association was statistically significant in multivariable models (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.7–11.3; p = 0.0020). ART use was also elevated among children with hepatoblastoma, but this relationship appeared to be due to the strong associations between ART use and lower birthweight in our sample. No specific ART modality appeared to drive these associations. In univariate models, multiple gestation was associated with a 2.7‐fold increased odds of hepatoblastoma (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.14–6.42; p = 0.02) and a 1.6‐fold increased odds of neuroblastoma (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.03–2.54; p = 0.03), but these associations were not retained in multivariable models.

Conclusions

Associations between ART use and hepatoblastoma risk may be attributable to birthweight, a known hepatoblastoma risk factor. ART use may also be associated with osteosarcoma, independent of birthweight, an association not previously observed in studies limited to cancers diagnosed before adolescence. Evaluating long‐term health outcomes in children conceived by ART, throughout adolescence and potentially into adulthood, appears warranted.
Clinical spectrum of rectal cancer identifies hallmarks of early‐onset patients and next‐generation treatment strategies
Authors: Shen Dingcheng , Wang Puning , Xie Yumo , Zhuang Zhuokai , Zhu Mingxuan , Wang Xiaolin , Huang Meijin , Luo Yanxin , Yu Huichuan
Published: August 2022

Background

The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing among young adults and more rectal cancers are reported. This study aimed to identify the clinical features specific for early‐onset rectal cancer and provide insights on cancer management.

Methods

Early‐onset (<50 years) and late‐onset (≥50 years) rectal cancer patients from a referral tertiary care center (SYSU cohort) and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER cohort) were included to perform a comprehensive comparison on clinical information.

Results

A total of 552 and 80,341 patients with stages I–III rectal cancer were included in the SYSU and SEER cohorts, respectively. In the SYSU cohort, early‐onset diseases had significantly higher prevalence of family history of cancer and history of HBV infection and lower incidence of comorbidities (p < 0.05). In addition, early‐onset patients presented more frequently with advanced node stage (N2 stage: 16.9 vs. 9.3%, p = 0.017) and high‐risk features, including mucinous or signet cell carcinomas (21.8 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.014), poorly differentiated tumors (28.8 vs. 15.4%, p = 0.002), and perineural invasion (14.5 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.027) compared with late‐onset patients. However, early‐onset patients received more neoadjuvant (18.5 vs. 11.2%, p = 0.032) and adjuvant treatments (71.0 vs. 45.8%, p < 0.001), and they had better overall survival in both SYSU (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.95; p = 0.029) and SEER (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.37–0.40; p < 0.001) cohorts.

Conclusion

Early‐onset rectal cancers are distinct from late‐onset cases in clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcomes. The clinical trials and studies that are specific for young populations are needed to develop optimal strategies for cancer screening, treatment, and surveillance.
Acceptance and commitment therapy and its unacknowledged influences: Some old wine in a new bottle?
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel M.
Published: August 2022

Recently, Goldfried suggested that one main reason for the underdevelopment of psychotherapy as a scientific enterprise was the lack of acknowledgment of past contributions. In this article, this issue is illustrated by analysing the particular case of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). ACT has clear overlaps with therapies from the systemic tradition, such as strategic therapy in the line of the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto and with the more recent models of solution‐focused therapy and narrative therapy. This article analyses theoretical overlaps with these models (e.g. the paradoxical nature of human problems and the nature of language) as well as examples of similarities in therapeutic strategies (externalization and the miracle question). It concludes by suggesting that this practice of inadvertently obliterating the past does not favour the development of the field or the creation of consensus but rather contributes to the ongoing proliferation of ‘new’ psychotherapy models. Trends that may contribute to circumventing this problem are discussed.
Rapid Dissolution of Noble Metals in Organic Solvents
Authors: Nag Abhijit , Morrison Carole A. , Love Jason B.
Published: August 2022

The dissolution of elemental noble metals (NMs) such as gold, platinum, palladium, and copper is necessary for their recycling but carries a high environmental burden due to the use of strong acids and toxic reagents. Herein, a new approach was developed for the rapid dissolution of elemental NMs in organic solvents using mixtures of triphenylphosphine dichloride or oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide, forming metal chloride salts directly. Almost quantitative dissolution of metallic Au, Pd, and Cu was observed within minutes at room temperature. For Pt, dissolution was achieved, albeit more slowly, using the chlorinating oxidant alone but was inhibited on addition of hydrogen peroxide. After leaching, transfer of PtIVand PdIIchloride salts from the organic phase into a 6 mHCl aqueous phase facilitated their separation by precipitation of PtIVusing a simple diamide ligand. In contrast, the retention of AuIIIchloridometalate in the organic phase allowed its selective separation from Ni and Cu from a leachate solution obtained from electronic CPUs. This new approach has potential application in the hydrometallurgical leaching and purification of NMs from ores, spent catalysts, and electronic and nano‐wastes.
Association of longitudinal left atrial strain with mortality after tricuspid valve surgery
Authors: Seo Jeong Hun , Park Ilkun , Park Sung‐Ji , Jeong Dong Seop , Bak Minjung , Kim Jihoon , Kim Eun‐Kyoung , Chang Sung‐A , Chung Su Ryeun , Sung Kiick , Lee Sang‐Chol , Park Seung Woo
Published: August 2022

Aims

Tricuspid valve (TV) surgery for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is becoming more common, but the associated mortality remains high. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical and echocardiographic parameters associated with all‐cause mortality in patients with severe functional TR who underwent TV surgery.

Methods and results

A total of 286 patients with severe functional TR who underwent TV replacement or repair was analysed between January 2006 and December 2017. We assessed changes in conventional echocardiographic parameters and strain, such as peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS). During a median follow‐up period of 5.3 years, 71 (24.8%) patients died due to any cause. When comparing groups with and without all‐cause deaths, there were no significant differences in terms of sex, co‐morbidities, medication use, and surgery type. However, patients who died were older and more likely to have refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). With multivariate Cox modelling, age >65 years (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–4.96; P < 0.001), refractory AF (adjusted HR, 2.84, 95% CI, 1.36–5.94; P = 0.006), lower albumin level (adjusted HR, 0.50, 95% CI, 0.31–0.82), and reduced PALS (adjusted HR, 1.87, 95% CI, 1.06–3.33; P = 0.032) were significant determinants of all‐cause mortality. PALS decline was associated with refractory AF (adjusted HR, 5.74, 95% CI, 2.81–11.7; P < 0.001) and the absence of a Maze procedure (adjusted HR, 2.95, 95% CI, 1.51–5.78; P = 0.002).

Conclusions

A reduction in PALS was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in our cohort of patients with severe functional TR who underwent TV surgery. This phenomenon is related to refractory AF and more aggressive intervention for AF is necessary concomitant with TV surgery.
6‐Methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Based Compounds as BRD9 Epigenetic Reader Binders: A Rational Combination of in silico Studies and Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Colarusso Ester , Gazzillo Erica , Boccia Eleonora , Giordano Assunta , Chini Maria Giovanna , Bifulco Giuseppe , Lauro Gianluigi
Published: August 2022

6‐methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐based compounds were here identified and synthesized as novel binders of bromodomain‐containing protein 9 (BRD9) epigenetic reader. Accounting a fast and efficient synthetic route aimed to easily obtain differently 2‐ and 8‐disubstituted 6‐methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives, a virtual library of synthesizable items was built and submitted to molecular docking experiments. Based on two 3D structure‐based pharmacophore models recently developed by us on BRD9, 16 compounds were selected and synthesized, using mild conditions with good yields in relatively short reaction times. Among them, 14, 16, 18, 22, and 26 emerged as the most potent compounds of these series, able to bind BRD9 at the low micromolar range of concentrations. These molecules also showed a promising selective behavior when tested against BRD4 bromodomain. These results highlighted the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one chemical core as a valuable scaffold for developing promising BRD9 binders.
Efficient Construction of Tetracyclic 1,2,4‐Triazoline‐Fused Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines through KI/TBHP‐Mediated [3+2] Annulation between DBO‐Imines and N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Chuan , Wang Xin‐Lu , Ding Degang , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Liu Zhijing , Chen Xiao‐Pei , Chen Ya‐Jing
Published: August 2022

The KI/TBHP (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide) promoted [3+2] annulation between dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine‐imines (DBO‐Imines) and N‐tosylhydrazones under mild conditions has been developed, affording a direct and high atom‐economical preparation for tetracyclic 1,2,4‐triazoline‐fused dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines (DBOs) in good to excellent yields. This procedure could tolerate a wide range of functional groups and could also be conveniently conducted on a gram‐scale reaction, even in a one‐pot fashion. The produced 1,2,4‐triazoline‐fused DBOs could be easily converted into biologically interesting 1,2,4‐triazolo‐fused DBOs under the action of NBS (N‐bromosuccinimide).