bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problemática de los ciclos biogeoquímicos, hidrológico y de nutrientes en la meseta central de Costa Rica
Authors: Barrientos Llosa Zaidett
Published: June 2018

La Meseta Central de Costa Rica representa menos del 4% del territorio del país, pero alberga el 85% de la industria, el 60% de la población, el 70% de la flota vehicular y los tres acuíferos de mayor importancia. El mayor cambio de uso del suelo se ha dado en los últimos 100 años, y actualmente se pueden reconocer tres zonas básicas: la urbana entre los 800 y los 1400msm, la agrícola y ganadera entre 1300 y 2000msm y la silvestre entre 1700 y 2800msm. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar losdesequilibrios que ese cambio producto de las actividades humanas han provocado en los ciclos hidrológico, bioquímicos y de nutrientes. La construcción de infraestructura y zonas agrícolas eliminó el bosque, provocando la impermeabilización y la pérdida de suelo fértil. El mal manejo de desechos líquidos y sólidos, y el uso intensivo de agroquímicos, hidrocarburos y detergentes, contamina tanto aguas superficiales comosubterráneas, genera un aumento de gases de efecto invernadero, acelera la eutrofización de ríos y lagos, y altera los ciclos biogeoquímicos. Los acuíferos tienen problemas de recarga y sobreexplotación. El suelo presenta condiciones que favorecenla erosión y que impiden la acumulación normal de nutrientes. En conclusión se recomienda tomar medidas para corregir los desequilibrios y mejorar la calidad del ambiente de la región. Entre las medidas correctivas destaca la necesidad de que elgobierno ejerza un verdadero liderazgo; articule mejor las actividades ambientalistas independientes, y analice y gestione la problemática ambiental dentro de unidades ambientales lógicas. Otras medidas necesarias son: mejorar y asegurar elcumplimiento de las leyes ambientales, mejorar los sistemas de valoración de daños ambientales y promover más investigación y educación ambiental.
Fundamentos teóricos para la exploración epistemológica del aprendizaje operatorio de la historia
Authors: Zárate Arguedas Nelson
Published: June 2018

El artículo se aboca a la construcción de un encuadre teórico, de corte psicogenético, para el estudio epistemológico del aprendizaje de la historia; desde las operaciones infralógicas al pensamiento profundo (propio de las operaciones formales). Para ello, se toma como referente básico las estructuras, esquemas y procesos mentales que se articulan en torno a las nociones de espacio y tiempo histórico; y se parte del supuesto de que el aprendizaje comprensivo de la historia, al ser una necesidad imperiosa de laspersonas y sus sociedades, se torna un compromiso ético para la educación formal.
Banana-Express: Cinéma-Vérité del Pensamiento
Authors: Fallas Fallas Luis Fernando
Published: June 2018

La animación, en época reciente se ha transformado en una herramienta narrativa del documental. Con la ayuda de las nuevas tecnologías, interlocutores sin grandes financiamientos, pueden presentar su versión de hechos determinados. Su aplicacióndinamiza nuevos espacios interpretativos y generadores de contenidos.
Utilización de estaciones meteorológicas automáticas como nueva alternativa para el registro y transmisión de datos
Authors: Ureña Elizondo Fernando
Published: June 2018

Las estaciones meteorológicas han sido utilizadas por los servicios meteorológicos y por la empresa privada como un mecanismo para determinar el estado de tiempo y con el fin de guardar registros históricos de datos de una región. En la década de los 90 seempezó a dar un cambio tecnológico con las estaciones, pues estas pasaron de ser tradicionales y controladas por mecanismos de relojería, a ser automáticas, controladas por microprocesadores y sistemas de cómputo. En este artículo se explica el funcionamiento de las estaciones automáticas, sus principales sensores y lasimplicaciones que esto conlleva.
Un desafío innovador con impacto social Estudio de seguimiento a graduados de seis programas de posgrado de la UNED, con indicadores de calidad académica y mejoramiento continuo
Authors: Lobo Solera Nidia , Morúa Saboría Mario
Published: June 2018

En el presente documento se expone de manera descriptiva la experiencia derivada del “Estudio de Seguimiento de las Personas Graduadas de Programas de Posgrado: 2000 – 2006” el cual se realizó en el año 2008 y cuyo informe se publicó en el año 2009.Este fue, en Costa Rica, el estudio pionero que marcó el inicio de los estudios subsiguientes que en la actualidad se están desarrollando en el Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE) con la participación de las cuatro universidades públicas costarricenses. La descripción de esta experiencia incluye también una exposición de datos e información del estudio 2009, que actualmente se encuentra en las últimasetapas de desarrollo, por lo que es hasta cierto punto también una presentación parcial de un informe de investigación con información inédita.Este artículo se va a circunscribir específicamente en lo que respecta a los programas de posgrado de la UNED, no obstante es importe señalar que en el desarrollo de este estudio, por cada una de las restantes universidades públicas, participaron tresprogramas de posgrado.
Condiciones del contexto y de la orientación vocacional para la elección profesional y laboral en los colegios técnicos del cantón de Pérez Zeledón
Authors: Mora Monge Gabriel Emilio
Published: June 2018

La orientación vocacional es un tema que ha inspirado mucha investigación y aún se mantiene vigente por la importancia para la sociedad en la época actual. El servicio de esta disciplina, desde el nivel nacional y en los respectivos contextos donde se imparte,ha enfrentado diversos problemas que le impiden cumplir con sus dos propósitos fundamentales: formación integral de la persona y desarrollo vocacional para la asertiva elección profesional y laboral. Por esta razón se analizó las condiciones del contexto y de la orientación vocacional para la elección profesional y laboral en loscolegios técnicos del cantón de Pérez Zeledón. Dicho estudio se efectuó mediante la complementación del método hermenéutico-dialéctico, perteneciente al enfoque cualitativo, y el descriptivo al cuantitativo.Los datos que se extrajeron de documentos publicados y no publicados de instituciones del cantón, de entrevistas realizadas a sus representantes, de los cuestionarios aplicados a profesionales de la educación y a estudiantes aportan, ampliamente, lascaracterísticas físicas, culturales, político-económicas y sociales más relevantes del contexto donde se desarrolló la investigación, y revelan el deterioro del servicio de la orientación vocacional al incorporársele acciones que no le corresponden; incluso,teniendo a su disposición espacios muy importantes, como son el servicio de atención individual y las lecciones colectivas de orientación, las cuales son desaprovechadas por estudiantes y orientadores. Unido a lo anterior hay un gran desconocimiento de parte de los equipos de orientación sobre el mercado laboral de la región, además de la existencia de un divorcio entre ellos y el campo laboral de quienes egresan de la educación secundaria técnica, el cual es muy limitado. Por tanto personas egresadasque permanecen en la zona, al igual que las que emigran al extranjero, desempeñan labores que no se relacionan con su especialidad.
Recurso multimedia para elaborar la presentación de caso en Odontopediatría
Authors: Porras-Zúñiga Alejandra
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza la experiencia del proceso de la planificación, la elaboración y la validación de un recurso multimedial, con el objetivo de brindar al estudiante del curso Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia I, de la Licenciatura en Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, una guía teórica y práctica para la elaboración de la presentación de caso del paciente pediátrico. Este estudiante no ha realizado prácticas previas donde integre la información de la anamnesis con los exámenes clínico y radiográfico, lo que se evidencia durante el proceso de la presentación de caso, que revela algunas debilidades tales como la ausencia de información, la falta de orden y de análisis integrado de los registros, provocando errores en el diagnóstico y, por lo tanto, en el plan de tratamiento. El recurso se aplicó durante el segundo semestre del 2016, con un grupo voluntario de 12 estudiantes de cinco grupos diferentes de Clínica, quienes utilizaron el recurso multimedia según su necesidad y disponibilidad luego de una sesión presencial de inducción y validación. Posteriormente, se realizó una segunda sesión de discusión acompañada de un instrumento de validación (cuestionario). Los estudiantes expresaron una valoración muy positiva del recurso multimedia porque les facilita el aprendizaje del orden y la verificación de la documentación, ello favorece la revisión y el análisis de todos los registros necesarios para el diagnóstico y la elaboración del plan de tratamiento.
Un modelo pedagógico de educación universitaria a distancia para estudiantes en prisión: perspectivas y desafíos
Authors: Murillo Leiva William
Published: June 2018

El planteamiento de un modelo pedagógico de educación universitaria a distancia para estudiantes en prisión implica la consideración de múltiples y variados aspectos para posibilitar la construcción de un modelo acorde con las necesidades y especificidades de la población y el contexto penitenciario. Este modelo se enfoca en el contexto penitenciario costarricense, el cual guarda relaciones y semejanzas, generalmente, con la mayoría de los contextos penitenciarios de los países latinoamericanos. Además, reflexionando acerca de la posibilidad de construir un modelo pedagógico de educación universitaria a distancia para estudiantes en prisiones de Costa Rica y aquellas con condiciones semejantes, este documento pretende destacar algunos de los principales elementos -a consideración del autor y con base en la referencia bibliográfica- por tomar en cuenta en el diseño y en la problematización de dicho modelo.
Modelo de Desarrollo Turístico Sostenible para cantones costeros: herramienta para actores locales de Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Proaño Ponce William Patricio , Ramírez Pérez Jorge Freddy
Published: June 2018

El Ecuador como territorio vive tiempos decisivos en su historia, por ejemplo: la actividad turística se convierte en un componente esencial de acción integrada en territorios locales. Igualmente, el impulso de esta actividad provoca beneficios y deterioros en cantones costeros, descubre actores locales con apreciación compleja respecto a beneficios provenientes del turismo. Además, se evidencia debilidad de gobiernos locales en solventar las necesidades turísticas colectivas, las cuales tienen tiempos de respuesta prolongados. Por lo tanto, se efectúa una investigación exploratoria, deductiva, descriptiva; se emplea triangulación de resultados logrados de fuentes de información primaria y secundaria, con el objetivo de precisar datos ambientales, socioculturales, económicos, políticos, institucionales y elementos que connotan la gestión del desarrollo turístico sostenible en cantones costeros de la provincia Manabí, Ecuador. Bajo el diseño de planificación ligada a características particulares de cada territorio, se selecciona cantones costeros con mayor concentración y atractivos turísticos en la provincia Manabí, que permiten encontrar respuesta a los objetivos planteados. Desde los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos, resulta un modelo único en la gestión para el desarrollo turístico sostenible en cantones costeros que responde al contexto de su territorio y corresponda un proceso de adaptación hacia el destino. La idea de diseñar este modelo es hacerlo como “traje a la medida” y no bosquejar una producción de modelos en serie.
Caracterización de la flora arbórea de algunos bosques delimitados en la zona costera de los distritos Bahía Ballena y Puerto Cortés
Authors: Villegas-Arguedas Juan Carlos
Published: June 2018

Se estudió las estructuras de algunos bosques costeros de Osa en la zona sur de Costa Rica, en vertical a partir de las especies y sus alturas (H) por individuos y horizontal determinada por las especies, sus diámetros a la altura del pecho (DAP>15 cm), área basal (AB), volumen (V), además del cálculo de un Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) a partir de su frecuencia, abundancia y dominancia, lo que permitió su caracterización. De mayo a diciembre 2016 y febrero hasta abril 2017, se ubicaron parcelas demostrativas para la identificación de especies; las parcelas demostrativas fueron circulares equidistantes de r= 12.62 ≈ a=500 m2, separadas una de otra 50 m hasta un máximo de parcelas permitido por el límite extremo del polígono de bosque en estudio. Se identificó 1787 individuos de 112 especies de árboles, 1363 corresponden a Bahía Ballena, mientras que 424 a Puerto Cortés. Se registró un promedio de 229 Ind/ha en toda la zona de estudio, en los bosques del distrito de Bahía Ballena se registró un promedio de 218.08 Ind/ha, mientras que en el distrito de Puerto Cortés en promedio se registró 273.5 Ind/ha. Las especies más comunes fueron Inga vera, Guazuma ulmifolia, la Vochysia guatemalensis e Inga punctata; la diversidad total H´ fue de 3.88 según Shannon-Wiener. A partir de los registros y análisis desarrollados, se concluye que la principal diversidad de bosques y elementos arbóreos de la biodiversidad se encuentran en el distrito de Bahía Ballena; no así en Puerto Cortés, donde estos recursos forestales son en la actualidad escasos.
A spectrophotometric investigation of the complex between titanyl oxalate and 3-hydroxyflavone in water ethanolic mixtures
Authors: Aleksic Mara , Blagojevic Slavica , Malesev Dusan , Radovic Zorica
Published: June 2018

It has been established, by the application of suitable spectrophotometric
methods and pH-metric measurements, that titanyl oxalate anion and
3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) form a [TiO(C2O4)2(C15H9O3)2]4-complex. The
investigation of the composition and the concentration stability constant of
the complex were carried out in a 50 % aqueous ethanol solution at room
temperature (20?C), in the pH range from 1.9 to 9.0. The concentration
stability constant of the complex, log b2, ranged from 16.65 at pH 5.0 to
13.96 at pH 7.0. The conditions for the spectrophotometric determination of
3HF by means of the complex formation were investigated in the concnetration
range from 2.5?10-5 to 3.0?10-4 mol dm-3 3HF.
Synthesis of monoazo disperse dyes based on 2-aminoheterocycles and their dyeing performance on nylon fabrics
Authors: Maradiya Hari , Patel Vithal
Published: June 2018

Novel monoazo disperse dyes based on various 2-aminoheterocycles were
prepared using N-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline as the coupling component.
All the dyes were applied as disperse dyes on nylon fabric. These dyes have
been found to give a wide range of colour shades with very good depth,
brightness and levelness on nylon fabric. The visible absorption spectra,
elemental analysis and Rf values were investigated. The percentage dye bath
exhaustion on fabric was found to be very good. The dyed fabric showed very
good to excellent fastness to light, washing, rubbing and perspiration. The
sublimation fastness was found to be excellent.
The thermal degradation of poly(iso-butyl methacrylate) and poly(sec-butyl methacrylate)
Authors: Novakovic Katarina , Katsikas Lynne , Popovic Ivanka
Published: June 2018

The non-oxidative thermal degradation of poly(iso-butyl methacrylate) and
poly(sec-butyl methacrylate) was investigated by studying changes in the
polymer residue. Due to the different number of ?-hydrogens in their ester
substituents, these two polymeric isomers behave differently when subjected
to elevated temperatures. Poly(iso-butyl methacrylate) degrades
quantitatively by depolymerisation with zip lengths of the same order of
magnitude as those of poly(methyl methacrylate). Poly(sec-butyl
methacrylate) degrades by a combined degradation mechanism of
depolymerisation and de-esterification. De-esterification becomes a
significant thermolysis route at temperatures higher than 240?C.
The Good, the Bad, the Clunky and . . . the Outcomes
Authors: Jones Kerina , Heys Sharon , Tingay Karen
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere are there are considerable challenges to be addressed so the benefits of administrative data for research can be realised. Significant headway is being made, but there is great scope and appetite for further improvement.

ObjectivesThis study set out to explore good practice, barriers and bottlenecks in effective administrative data use, and to gain suggestions on how to share the good, solve the bad and improve the clunky issues.

MethodsUsing the ESRC-funded UK Administrative Data Research Network (ADRN) as the case study, a qualitative survey, focusing on the data use pathway, was carried out across the network. This encompassed a set of 18 questions spanning from acquisition to archiving. Survey responses were grouped into six themes: data acquisition; approval processes; controls on access and disclosure; data and metadata; researcher support; and data reuse and retention. The resulting information matrix was presented to participants at the All Hands meeting (April-May 2017) to facilitate discussion.

FindingsSurvey responses were received from across the network (N=27) and 95 people took part in the workshop. The combined information from the survey and workshop was used to inform set of 18 recommendations across the 6 themes, and this has been used by the ADRN directors to develop an action plan for implementation.

ConclusionsThe ADRN has broken new ground in overcoming many challenges in using administrative data for research in the UK. The recommendations and action plan show how further improvements will be made in the ADRCs, and the findings of this study are relevant more widely to other organisations working with administrative data.
Megatrendi: julkisten hyvinvointialojen tekstualisoituminen
Authors: Korpela Eveliina
Published: June 2018

Arvioitu teos

Ulla Tiililä & Kati Karvinen (toim.): Elämän ja kuoleman tekstit: kirjoittaminen sosiaali- ja hoitotyössä. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus 2017. 203 s. ISBN 978-952-5446-90-6. Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://scripta.kotus.fi/www/verkkojulkaisut/julk50/Elaman_ja_kuoleman_tekstit.pdf.
Suomenruotsin murteista, vaihtelusta ja muuttuvasta kielimaisemasta
Authors: Kuronen Mikko
Published: June 2018

Arvioidut teokset

Ann-Marie Ivars: Dialekter och småstadsspråk. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går I:1. Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 798. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2015. 464 s. isbn 978-951-583-336-5.

Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Gruppspråk, samspråk, två språk. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går I:2. Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 799. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2015. 252 s. isbn 978-951-583-337-2.
Suomenruotsi painettuna, koulussa ja yhteiskunnassa
Authors: Hiidenmaa Pirjo
Published: June 2018

Arvioidut teokset

Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Språk i prosa och press. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går II:1. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2017. 242 s. isbn 978-951-583-362-4.

Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Språk i skola och samhälle. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går II:2. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2017. 207 s. isbn 978-951-583-363-1.
Mahdollisuuksien rajoissa
Authors: Strömmer Maiju
Published: June 2018

Maiju Strömmerin suomen kielen alaan kuuluva väitöskirja tarkastettiin Jyväskylän yliopistossa 15. joulukuuta 2017. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Leena Kuure Oulun yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Minna Suni.

Maiju Strömmer: Mahdollisuuksien rajoissa. Neksusanalyysi suomen kielen oppimisesta siivoustyössä. Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities 336. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto 2017.

Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7265-3
XRD INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL DEGRADATION EFFECT ON SOME COMMERCIAL PET SAMPLES
Authors: TODICA M. , KOVACS-KRAUSS Z. , NICULAESCU Carmen
Published: June 2018

The structural changes of some commercial PET samples, submitted to different thermal treatments, were investigated by XRD method. Rapid cooling of melted samples, leads to partial destruction of the initial local ordered structure. A tendency of polymeric chain to conglomerate into new small crystalline structures is observed. At slow cooling this tendency is accentuated, but the initial ordered structure is almost entirely destroyed.
A coordenação pedagógica nos planos de carreira e salários dos municípios da região de Bauru / Pedagogical coordination in the career plan and salaries in municipalities in the region of Bauru
Authors: Fernandes Maria José Da Silva , Barbosa Andreza , Cunha Renata Cristina Oliveira Barrichelo
Published: June 2018

A coordenação pedagógica é função relativamente nova na realidade escolar brasileira, tendo crescido numericamente a partir da aprovação das leis que favoreceram a gestão democrática e a autonomia nas escolas. A atuação do coordenador volta-se à articulação e organização do trabalho pedagógico nas escolas. Dada a importância dessa atividade, foi realizada uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo central analisar o trabalho da coordenação pedagógica nas redes municipais de ensino da região geográfica de Bauru, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Este artigo discute alguns resultados obtidos por meio da realização de uma análise documental junto aos planos de carreira e salários de 18 municípios localizados na região considerada. Na análise, foram estabelecidos alguns eixos de discussão: situação legal da coordenação pedagógica quanto aos cargos e funções; formas de provimento da função e/ou cargo; processo de acesso e escolha; requisitos legais para a coordenação pedagógica e atribuições legalmente estabelecidas para o trabalho. No conjunto de municípios analisado, observou-se que a coordenação pedagógica está presente em todos, porém, com condições de acesso, critérios de escolhas e atribuições bastante heterogêneas. Foi possível observar, ainda, que a função e/ou cargo tem frágeis condições para atuação na autonomia e gestão escolar democrática, realizando um amplo conjunto de tarefas que nem sempre se aproximam da dimensão pedagógica e coletiva do trabalho.
Por quais motivações estudantes escolhem a carreira profissional? / What are students’ motivations for choosing a career?
Authors: Ribeiro Marinalva Lopes , Silva Fabrício Oliveira da , Braga Maria Cleonice Barbosa , Malta Hélia Lucila
Published: June 2018

A carreira profissional tem sido um dilema para muitos estudantes na atualidade. O estudo constituiu-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, por meio da qual foi aplicado um questionário em duzentos e vinte e quatro estudantes das áreas de educação, engenharias e saúde, nas modalidades Bacharelado e Licenciatura, em uma universidade pública do Estado da Bahia. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi o de buscar saber os motivos de suas escolhas pelos cursos universitários, mediante um questionário aberto composto por cinco questões voltadas para a compreensão das motivações para as escolhas profissionais. Os resultados indicam que existe uma variedade de motivos para a realização da escolha profissional, como: mercado de trabalho, paixão ou identificação com a área, falta de opção, escolha por ideologia, facilidade em disciplinas da área, status da profissão e influência de terceiros como pais e professores. Todavia, são as experiências formativas que estão na base de novas motivações que permitem aos estudantes perceberem e redefinirem suas escolhas.
Upprifjunaráfangar framhaldsskóla í stærðfræði: Skapandi og krefjandi vinna eða stagl?
Authors: Sigurjónsson Jóhann Örn , Kristinsdóttir Jónína Vala
Published: June 2018

Í greininni eru könnuð viðhorf framhaldsskólakennara til viðfangsefna er lúta að gagnrýninni og skapandi hugsun í upprifjunaráföngum í stærðfræði. Byggt er á viðtalsrannsókn þar sem fimm kennarar úr þremur framhaldsskólum tóku þátt. Tekin voru viðtöl bæði áður en og eftir að kennararnir lögðu verkefni fyrir nemendur í upprifjunaráföngum, þar sem beita þurfti gagnrýninni og skapandi hugsun við lausnaleit. Kennsluáætlanir áfanga voru einnig greindar. Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að viðhorf kennaranna til slíkra viðfangsefna séu almennt jákvæð. Tillögur komu fram um það hvernig slíkt efni mætti tvinna við annars konar verkefni en skiptar skoðanir voru um sýnidæmi og lausnir í stærðfræðinámi. Í aðalnámskrá framhaldsskóla er lögð áhersla á að nemendur öðlist hæfni í stærðfræðilegri hugsun og röksemdafærslu. Vísbendingar eru um að skortur sé á viðfangsefnum í stærðfræðinámsefni fyrir nemendur í upprifjunaráföngum framhaldsskóla sem reyna á þá hæfni.
Revision of a late Oligocene florule from the south-western edge of the Lower Rhine Basin (western Germany)
Authors: Winterscheid Heinrich
Published: June 2018

The late Oligocene flora from the Nirmer Tunnel at the south-western edge of the Lower Rhine Basin was first described by Menzel (1913). A revision of Menzel’s original material indicates that most taxa are from the vegetation of riparian forests (Magnolia burseracea, Ocotea rhenana, Rhodoleia bifollicularis, Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis, Trigonobalanopsis rhamnoides, Sparganium sp. vel Typha sp.) and mesophytic forests (Carpolithes dactyliformis, Sapotacites minor). Some specimens cannot be identified, so they are named Dicotylophyllum div. spp. here. The fossil species Carpolithes dactyliformis (sandstone imprints and endocasts) belongs to Cornaceae subfamily Mastixioideae and is lectotypified here. The floral assemblage is compared with some similar floras from the Oligocene of Central Europe.
Spiny fruits revealed by nano-CT scanning: Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) gen. et comb. nov. from the early Oligocene Belén flora of Peru
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Balmaki Behnaz
Published: June 2018

Fossil fruits formerly described as cashews from the Oligocene of Peru are reinvestigated based on the original specimens and newly collected materials. The recovery of an outer spiny layer, preserved in the sedimentary molds surrounding the locule casts, indicates that these disseminules do not represent Anacardium. Imagery from nano-CT scans of the specimens documents a distinctive morphology which does not resemble any fruits or seeds of Anacardiaceae. We describe the morphology in more detail and reassign the fossils to an extinct genus, Pseudoanacardium gen. nov., of uncertain familial affinity. Pseudoanacardium peruvianum (Berry) comb. nov. was a prominent member of the Belén carpoflora, which also included palms plus Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Humiriaceae, Leeaceae, Icacinaceae, Rutaceae and Vitaceae.
Performance of Absolute Real-Time Multi-GNSS Kinematic Positioning
Authors: Kazmierski Kamil
Published: June 2018

Recently, we observe the rapid development of the Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS), including autonomous positioning techniques, such as Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The GNSS have different conceptions, different spacecraft and use different types of orbits which is why the quality of real-time orbit and clock products is inconsistent, thus, the appropriate approach of the multi-GNSS observation processing is needed to optimize the solution quality. In this paper, the kinematic field experiment is conducted in order to examine multi-GNSS real-time Standard Point Positioning (SPP) and PPP performance. The test was performed on the 26 km-long car route through villages, forests, the city of Wrocław, crossing under viaducts and a high tension line. For the first time, the solution is based on GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + BeiDou observations using streamed corrections for orbits and clocks with two different weighting scenarios. Thanks to the usage of the multi-GNSS constellation the number of positioning epochs possible to determine increases by 10%. The results show also that the appropriate weighting approach can improve the root mean square error in the SPP solution by about 13% and 42% for the horizontal and vertical coordinate components, respectively. In the case of PPP, the maximum quality improvement equals 70% for the horizontal component and the results for the vertical component are comparable with those obtained for the GPS-only solution.
Comparison of visual and digital color measurement methods on anterior natural teeth
Authors: Eryürük Sait , Hekimoğlu Canan , Akçin Elif , Çavuşoğlu Yeliz
Published: June 2018

Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate compatibility between visual and digital color measurement methods. Material and Methods: The color measurement components of intact natural maxillary right central incisor and left canine teeth of eighty patients were measured with visually shade guide and, digitally, with digital device. The color matchings were performed for each teeth on labial surfaces divided into three regions: cervical, middle and incisal. Ligthness, MLR (M: means middle hue, L designates greener, R designates redder) and chroma levels were assessed for each tooth on divided regions respectively. Measurements were performed by the same and experinced dentist with healthy eyes. The data were analyzed with Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficient (p< 0.05). Results: The compatibility between visual and digital methods did not exist for MLR and chroma. The compatibility between both methods were determined only for ligthness of maxillary central and canine teeth at all regions of labial surfaces. Conclusions: There was compatibility only for ligthness of intact natural teeth at all regions with both methods.
A case of dental fusion in primary dentition from late bronze age Greece
Authors: Tritsaroli Paraskevi
Published: June 2018

Background/Aim: Dental fusion is a developmental abnormality that can occur in primary and/or permanent dentition. Case report: A case of double primary teeth from a Late Bronze Age cemetery in Greece is presented. Age estimation of the skeleton was based on dental eruption and development as well as on fusion of primary ossification centres of the cranial and post-cranial skeleton. Analysis of double teeth used morphology, anatomy, location, tooth count and radiological examination. Results showed a 18 month infant. Primary lower right central and lateral incisors were joined by the dentin, and they had distinct crowns and separated pulp chambers; each tooth maintained its own root canal and resembled a normal primary central and lateral incisor shape respectively. Diagnosis showed that double teeth were the result of partial fusion rather than gemination. No other dental abnormalities or lesions were recorded and subsequent teeth were not affected. Conclusions: This is the first example of double teeth in primary dentition reported in the literature from archaeological assemblages in Greece. Being one of the rare examples of dental fusion in the bioarchaeological record, this report adds further to the mapping of dental anomalies in past populations.
Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia
Authors: Sedmáková Denisa , Kýpeťová Mariana , Saniga Milan , Pittner Ján , Vencurik Jaroslav , Kucbel Stanislav , Jaloviar Peter
Published: June 2018

Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized.
Drought and water mobilization in semi-arid zone: The example of Hammam Boughrara dam (North-West of Algeria)
Authors: Adjim Hayat , Djedid Abdelkader
Published: June 2018

The dam of Hammam Boughrara is an embankment dam built in a transboundary basin, between Algeria and Morocco; it was type-approved and delivered in 1998. This dam was supposed to solve the lack of drinking water in Oran (Algeria's second largest city) and enhance the agricultural perimeter of the area. It should regulate an annual water volume of 59 million m3. However, the northwest Algeria has experienced a fairly severe drought since the 80s. This article aims to show the impact of this drought on the amount of surface water that can be mobilized by this dam. The rainfall series recorded at four stations, located within the basin of the dam, were examined using the proportional deviation from the average, the running average, the frequency analysis, the Pita’s index and the standardized precipitation index. These methods have shown a significant decrease of rain, starting from the hydrological year 1975/1976. These same approaches were also used to analyse series of flows spread over a longer period. This fact revealed three periods of drought which are 1940–1945, 1955–1967 and the most recent one highlighted by the rainfall series, starts at the year 1975/1976. The regularized water volume of the dam, calculated from the series of flow rates, is around 37 million m3. This value reflects a deficit of 40% of the regularized volume predicted by the designers of the dam.
Adoption of sawah eco-technology in rice production by farm households in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Alarima Cornelius I. , Awotunde Joseph M. , Adamu Comfort O. , Akerele Dare , Masunaga Tsugiyuki , Wakatsuki Toshiyuki
Published: June 2018

This study examined factors influencing the adoption of sawah technology in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sawah refers to levelled rice field surrounded by banks with inlet and outlet for irrigation and drainage. Using pre-tested interview guide, data were collected from 300 sawah farmers in the study area. Data collected were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA package. The results showed that respondents were predominantly male, married and had no formal education. The mean age of was 48.13 years with mean household size of 14 persons; farm sizes ranged from 1–50 hectares with average of 4.70 ha, the mean yield was 6.88 tꞏha−1. The results further showed that bond construction had 100% adoption, nursery 99%, puddling 98%, flooding 95%, leveling and smoothening 94% and power tiller use 88% adoption. Adoption of sawah technology was influenced by socio economic characteristics which include sex, age, educational level, farm size, yield and income of the farmers. The study also showed that the attributes of sawah, production factors, information and extension and perception of respondent toward sawah technology influenced adoption. It is concluded that the sawah eco-technology is widely adopted by rice farmers in Kebbi State. The study therefore recommended that dissemination of sawah to other states in Nigeria need to consider factors that promote its adoption. Improvement of those factors that significantly affect adoption of sawah technology is also recommended.
Condition and population structure of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811) in Szczecin Lagoon in 2010–2014
Authors: Czerniejewski Przemysław , Brysiewicz Adam
Published: June 2018

The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1811) is one of the most invasive fish species in the world, including Poland. 300 fish of this species were collected in the waters of Szczecin lagoon between 2010 and 2014 and examination of the size, sex and age structures of the population and of the condition of the fish was performed. Total length and standard length of all the collected fish amounted to 149.2 mm (±42.21) and 128.1 mm (±38.65), respectively. The age structure of the fish consisted of nine generations, with clear prevalence of the fish aged 3+ and 4+. Mean values of condition factors for the whole fish sample amounted to 0.20 (±0.02). However, no statistically significant differences in particular years were observed (ANOVA, p > 0.05), but the condition of the fish between 2010 and 2011 was slightly higher than between 2013 and 2014. The obtained results indicate that the Szczecin Lagoon environment provides this species with favourable living conditions and it can be stipulated that the quantity of individuals of this fish species will increase.
Analysis of future climate scenarios and their impact on agriculture in eastern Arkansas, United States
Authors: Magugu John W. , Feng Song , Huang Qiuqiong , Zhang Yongjun , West Grant H.
Published: June 2018

Impact of climate change on crop growth is dynamic and difficult to quantify due to heterogeneity of the associated effects and their interactions within the Earth system. The main objective of this study is to establish how future climate change might affect agriculture, through an assessment of temperature and precipitation driven parameters. These include percentage number of rainy days with extreme precipitation, percentage of extreme precipitation relative to wet days, first fall frost days, last spring frost days, growing degree days, growing season length and the total precipitation. Results show modest increase in total precipitation with a slight increase in extreme precipitation, representing up to 2.2% increase by 2060 under representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) scenario. There would be late first fall frost days, early last spring frost days and increased growing season length by up to 2 weeks in 2060. The growing degree days are projected to increase under all scenarios for all crops, with cotton showing the largest increase of up to 37% relative to the baseline period.
Clipping in English slang neologisms
Authors: Borys Dmytro
Published: June 2018

The research is concerned with the phonotactic, morphotactic, graphic, logical, derivational, and syntactic features of clipped English slang neologisms coined in the early 21st century. The main preconceptions concerning clipping per se are revisited and critically rethought upon novel slang material. An innovative three-level taxonomy of clippings is outlined. The common and distinctive features of diverse types of clipping are identified and systemized.
Metapragmatics of academic written discourse
Authors: Gnezdilova Yaroslava
Published: June 2018

The article focuses on the notion of metapragmatics in general, including three steps of metapragmatic analysis, and studies academic written metadiscourse in particular. Special attention is drawn to the delimitation of the main types of metacommunicative means, or meta-means, with an emphasis on their functional specifics in academic written discourse. The article concludes with a list of meta-means, which are most typical of this discourse type.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Popescu Andrada-Loredana , Ioniţa-Radu Florentina , Jinga Mariana , Gavrilă Andrei-Ionuţ , Săvulescu Florin-Alexandru , Fierbinţeanu-Braticevici Carmen
Published: June 2018

The prevalence of obesity is rising, becoming a medical problem worldwide. Also GERD incidence is higher in obese patients compared with normal weight, with an increased risk of 2.5 of developing symptoms and erosive esophagitis. Different treatment modalities have been proposed to treat obese patients, but bariatric surgery due to its complex interactions via anatomic, physiologic and neurohormonal changes achieved the best long-term results, with sustained weight loss and decrease of complications and mortality caused by obesity. The bariatric surgical procedures can be restrictive: laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), or malabsorptive-restrictive such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). These surgical procedures may influence esophageal motility and lead to esophageal complications like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and erosive esophagitis. From the literature we know that the RYGB can ameliorate GERD symptoms, and some bariatric procedures were finally converted to RYGB because of refractory reflux symptoms. For LAGB the results are good at the beginning, but some patients experienced new reflux symptoms in the follow-up period. Recently LSG has become more popular than other complex bariatric procedures, but some follow-up studies report a high risk of GERD after it. This article reviews the results published after LSG regarding gastroesophageal reflux and the mechanisms responsible for GERD in morbidly obese subjects.
Monitoring Oats and Winter Wheat Within-Field Spatial Variability by Satellite Images
Authors: Kumhálová J. , Novák P. , Madaras M.
Published: June 2018

Remote sensing is a methodology using different tools to monitor and predict yields. Spatial variability of crops can be monitored through sampling of vegetation indices derived from the entire crop growth; spatial variability can be used to plan further agronomic management. This paper evaluates the suitability of vegetation indices derived from satellite Landsat and EO-1 data that compare yield, topography wetness index, solar radiation, and meteorological data over a relatively small field (11.5 ha). Time series images were selected from 2006, 2010, and 2014, when oat was grown, and from 2005, 2011 and 2013, when winter wheat was grown. The images were selected from the entire growing season of the crops. An advantage of this method is the availability of these images and their easy application in deriving vegetation indices. It was confirmed that Landsat and EO-1 images in combination with meteorological data are useful for yield component prediction. Spatial resolution of 30 m was sufficient to evaluate a field of 11.5 ha.
Supporting Producer Groups – Increasing Producer’s Value Aded?
Authors: Kotyza P. , Tomsik K. , Elisova K. , Hornowski A.
Published: June 2018

Cooperation between entities can be the basis for improved competitiveness. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were able to draw on EU funds to support the formation of producer groups. Main objective was to investigate whether the funds have led to an increase of value added of products placed on the market. In the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic during the reporting period the sum of 44 million EUR was provided to support the establishment of marketing organizations, 305 producer groups were supported. Many of the supported entities are no longer active. In the Czech Republic, only 15 entities are still operating, but they do not have a significant impact on the increase of value added of the agricultural sector. In the Slovak Republic, entities supported in the first programming period (2004–2006) have a higher share of the generated value added. During the second funding period (2007–2013), the supported groups showed a negative value added. Given the characteristics of supported groups, the number of successfully supported groups, the reported features and the total value of generated value added, it can be suggested that most of the entities were established due to the relative ease of fundraising.
Risk assessment of climate change impacts and the post-mining land reclamation on the example of the “Brzeziny” Natural Aggregate Mine
Authors: Pawełczyk Katarzyna
Published: June 2018

Mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its effects manifested in increasingly extreme meteorological phenomena are one of the most important contemporary global challenges. In the face of new hazards, numerous measures are taken to adapt environmental components and ventures to climate change, such as the reclamation of degraded areas – recognized as a key adaptation and mitigation action. The success and the property of selecting these measures, including reclamation, requires a detailed recognition of the risk of occurrence of various hazards and of the severity of their consequences in a given area. The study assessed the risk of the climate change impacts on the post-mining area and based on its results an optimal method of reclamation of the “Brzeziny” gravel pit was proposed, aimed at the maximum adaptation of the area to the occurrence of potential climate events. The risk analysis was based on elements of the common risk assessment methodology (CRAM) and enriched with elements of the analytic hierarchy process method (AHP). Moreover, the event tree analysis (ETA) logic technique was used to assess the proposed adaptation measures at the reclamation stage.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Free Cash Flow, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Pada Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Widiastari Putu Ayu , Yasa Gerianta Wirawan
Published: June 2018

Tujuan perusahaan bukan hanya untuk memperoleh keuntungan, namun juga berorientasi pada kemakmuran pemegang saham melalui peningkatan nilai perusahaan. Nilai perusahaan dicerminkan dari harga sahamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, free cash flow, dan ukuran perusahaan pada nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2011-2015. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 24 perusahaan dengan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non probability sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi non partisipan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan mempunyai pengaruh positif pada nilai perusahaan. Sementara free cash flow tidak berpengaruh pada nilai perusahaan.
Authors: Purba Aurelia Gracella , Damayanthi I Gst. Ayu Eka
Published: June 2018

Banking plays an important role in economic development. Bank has an objective to obtain profitability. Profitability is an indicator to measure the performance of bank. Return On Assets  is a proxy to measure the ability of management in obtaining profit through total assets owned. This study aims to examine the effect of capital adequacy, capital structure, and firm size on profitability with credit risk as a moderating variable. This study uses non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique in banking sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2016. The number of samples is 130. The analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis. The results show capital adequacy and capital structure does not affect the profitability and firm size positively affects the profitability. Credit risk is not able to moderate the influence of capital adequacy and capital structure on profitability and credit risk negatively moderates the effect of firm size on profitability.
Authors: Widnyani Ni Luh Eka Desy , RM Ketut Muliartha
Published: June 2018

The company's need for audit services causes competition between public accounting firms to get clients. In order to maintain the reliability of the financial statements and the independence of auditors it is necessary to apply auditors switching. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of audit opinion, audit fee, reputation KAP and the size firms to the auditor switching. The method of determining the sample was done by using purposive samplings technique, get samples of 20 companies. Data collection method used in this research is documentation method. Data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is logistic regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program. The result of analysis shows that audit opinion does not affect auditor switching, audit fee have positive effect to auditor switching, KAP reputation has no effect to auditor switching and size firm negative affect auditor switching.Keywords: audit opinion, audit fee, KAP reputation and size firm