bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Пятьдесят лет конкурсу на плато Бобур
Authors: Vozvyshaeva Tatyana
Published: October 2019

Ровно пятьдесят лет назад в 1969 году был проведён международный конкурс на проект культурного центра в Париже. Проект-победитель был весьма неоднозначно воспринят профессиональным сообществом, а построенное через несколько лет на плато Бобур сооружение произвело эффект эмоционального шока. Расценённый современни­ками как эпатажный эксперимент молодых архитекторов Р. Роджерса и Р. Пиано, Центр Помпиду по существу стал зданием-манифестом архитектуры хай-тек, положив начало значимому направлению в архитектуре последней трети ХХ века. В статье прослеживается история формирования кон­цепций, положенных в основу этого проекта, показывается приверженность их авторов традициям модернизма в освое­нии феномена техники в архитектуре на новом этапе её тех­нологического развития. Дистанция времени позволяет бес­пристрастно оценить значимость для развития современной архитектуры этого экстраординарного сооружения, ставшего со временем наиболее посещаемым местом столицы Франции.
Формирование столичных функций Москвы в планировочной структуре города с 1918 по 2018 год
Authors: Bocharov Yuri , Tkachenko Sergey
Published: October 2019

Вопрос о формировании столичного административно-поли­тического центра возник в 1918 году после переезда советского правительства в Москву. Стратегия размещения зданий высших органов государственной власти эволюционировала вместе с пониманием миссии и роли законодательной, исполнительной и судебной ветвей власти в советское время и после 1991 года. Советская политико-правовая доктрина отвергала принцип разделения властей как буржуазный и неприемлемый для соци­алистического общества, поэтому здания, где работали исполни­тельная и законодательная власть, находились в Кремле. Проекты Дворца советов закрепляли этот принцип. Дворец советов как символ победы советского строя претендовал стать самым высо­ким, амбициозным зданием своего времени. Конституциональное изменение структуры ветвей власти в начале 1990-х годов, после которого появились новые высшие органы государства: Совет Федерации, Государственная Дума, Правительство и судебные органы Российской Федерации, - не привело к принципиальному изменению градостроительной политики в отношении размеще­ния зданий власти, которые занимали приспособлявшиеся для этого объекты. Концепции размещения нового федерального правительственного центра, появлявшиеся с 1996 года, не нашли отражения в части 4 Генерального плана развития Москвы до 2025 года: «Обеспечение интересов Российской Федерации в развитии столицы Российской Федерации - города федераль­ного значения Москвы». Инаугурация президента отражает приспособленность общественных пространств, формируемых ансамблями зданий государственной власти, к выполнению столицей государства своих столичных функций. Полицентри­ческий принцип формирования градостроительной структуры соответствует демократической структуре общества и власти. Пространственное разделение равнозначных комплексов зданий законодательной, исполнительной и судебной власти создаёт масштаб, соответствующий парадигме столичности, и симво­лизирует взаимную независимость государственных функций.
Diversidad y ecología de macrohongos en la Reserva Llancahue: un sitio prioritario para la conservación
Authors: Barría Díaz Daniela Fabiola
Published: October 2019

Llancahue corresponde a un fragmento de bosque templado lluvioso, que se constituye en una verdadera reserva de la biodiversidad ubicada en la zona costera de la Región de Los Ríos. Con una superficie aproximada de 1.300 hectáreas, no sólo constituye la principal fuente de agua para la ciudad de Valdivia, sino que también presenta uno de los bosques más antiguos de la Provincia, por lo cual la Reserva Llancahue fue declarada recientemente como área protegida con fines de conservación y desarrollo sostenible. Debido a la escasa información existente sobre la diversidad de hongos presentes en la Reserva, se realizó muestreos estacionales durante el año 2016 e inicios del año 2017, con el fin de realizar un levantamiento de información sobre el componente hongos en este ecosistema boscoso. Los resultados obtenidos corresponden a un total de 38  especies de hongos determinadas de las cuales 23 son saprótrofas (50%), 11 ectomicorrícicas (28%) y 4 parásitas (13%), siendo otoño la época con mayor fructificación de hongos.
Candida auris en Chile
Authors: Cruz Choappa Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

C. auris es una levadura que debe preocupar a todos los clínicos y laboratorios de los distintos recintos hospitalarios del país, debido a las dificultades que presenta para poder identificarla y por la resistencia a las principales familias de antifúngicos de uso habitual.
CANNABIS SATIVA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PLANT ANALYSIS
Authors: Borille Bruna Tassi , González Marina , Steffens Luiza , Ortiz Rafael Scorsatto , Limberger Renata Pereira
Published: October 2019

Background: Cannabis has been the most widely used illicit drug worldwide throughout many years. Reports from different countries indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing, as well as the ratio of tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol has been changing. The high consumption along with the changing chemical profile of the drug has led increasingly to the interest in researching the cannabis plant. Methods: This article reviews available literature on the analytical methods currently used for the detection and quantification of cannabinoids in cannabis plant. The papers were screened by two researchers independently and following a pre-specified protocol. Results and Discussion: The systematic review of the literature allowed to include 42 citations on cannabis plant analysis. Conclusions: The analytical methods for cannabis material published in the included articles of this systematic review showed a lack of relevant information of the development of methods on GC and LC analysis and the limits of detection and quantification of mass detectors.
DETERMINATION OF PINAVERIUM BROMIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS BY A VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING LC METHOD
Authors: Sangoi Maximiliano Da Silva , Machado Anna Karolina Mouzer da Silva , Florindo Lorena Coimbra , Gonçalves Brenda Rocha , Todeschini Vítor
Published: October 2019

A reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) method is validated for the determination of pinaverium bromide (PB) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The LC method is carried out on a reversed-phase monolithic C18 column (100 x 4.6 mm i.d.), maintained at 45 ºC. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and a solution of triethylamine 0.3% pH 5.0 (50:50; v/v), run at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, with photodiode array detector set at 213 nm. The chromatographic separation is obtained with PB retention time of 3.4 min, and it is linear in the range of 5-100 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9991). The limits of detection and quantitation are 1.41 and 4.70 μg/mL, respectively. The specificity and stability-indicating capability of the method are proven through degradation studies, which also showed that there is no interference of the formulation excipients, showing that peak is free from any coeluting peak. The method showed adequate precision, with a relative standard deviation values lower than 1.38%. Excellent values of accuracy were also obtained, with a mean value of 100.68%. Experimental design is used during validation to calculate and prove method robustness. The proposed LC method is applied for the analysis of the PB pharmaceutical dosage forms, contributing to improve the quality control and to assure the therapeutic efficacy.
STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS PRESENT IN POMELO (Citrus Maxima) BY DSC, UV-VIS, IR, 1H AND 13C NMR AND MS
Authors: Cordenonsi Leticia Malgarim , Sponchiado Rafaela Martins , Campanharo Sarah Chagas , Garcia Cassia Virgina , Raffin Renata Platcheck , Schapoval Elfrides Eva Schermann
Published: October 2019

Flavonoids are among the most important plant metabolites. Due to their potential benefits, there is a considerable interest in this natural product. In genus Citrus, some plants have not yet been much exploited in Brazil, as in the case of grapefruit (Citrus maxima), whose main flavonoids are naringin and their aglycone naringenin. The physico-chemical characteristics are important pre-requisites of reference chemical in future studies. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the characterization of naringin and naringenin by melting point, DSC, UV-VIS, 1H and 13C NMR, IR and MS. Results revealed that, naringin and naringenin after characterization, can be used as a chemical of reference in future studies and contribute to seeking possible technological applications.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LINAGLIPTIN USING ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Thomas Barden Amanda , De Abreu Engel Rita Elena , Chagas Campanharo Sarah , Volpato Nadia Maria , Scherman Schapoval Elfrides Eva
Published: October 2019

Linagliptin (LGT) is a member of the class of gliptins that inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase-4. They are used to reduce glucose blood levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Due to its recent development and launching on the market, LGT has no official compendium monograph, national or international, or available registries for the qualitative determination of this drug. The objective of this work was to characterize LGT by using thermal techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass and infrared spectrometry, liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry to be used as a chemical reference substance. The range and melting point obtained are in accordance with that described in the literature. The main groups of LGT molecule were observed in infrared spectroscopy and the molecular ion m/z 473.25 ratio was found in mass spectroscopy analysis. In UV spectroscopy, the maximum wavelength absorption of the substance in different solvents can be observed. The chromatographic methods provide selectivity for LGT and can be used to analyze it qualitatively. The proposed conditions have been successfully applied for identification and qualitative analysis of LGT as a chemical reference substance, contributing to studies of this gliptin, and to the quality control of medicines that contain it.
DETERMINATION OF ARGININE AND ASCORBIC ACID IN EFFERVESCENT TABLETS BY MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: E. Rech Andrea , P. Farina Cristina , C. Lukasewicz Ferreira Pamela , Miron Diogo
Published: October 2019

This paper describes a fast and direct method for quantification of arginine and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in effervescent tablets. HPLC-UV multidimensional chromatography (RP18 and cyanopropyl columns) was developed and validated. Phosphate buffer 10 mMpH 3.4 was used as mobile phase. Satisfactory resolution between the drugs was obtained with analysis time less than 8.0 min. Method was linear in the ranges of 140-320 mg.mL-1 and 240-560 mg.mL-1 for arginine and ascorbic acid, respectively. Precision showed RSD <2.0%. Recovery was 99.5% and 100.0% for arginine and ascorbic acid, respectively. Robustness was confirmed through factorial analysis 22 (pH and mobile phase flow rate as factors).
SECOND-ORDER DERIVATIVE UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AND RP-HPLC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF VILDAGLIPTIN AND APPLICATION FOR DISSOLUTION STUDY
Authors: Thomas Barden Amanda , Piccoli Bruna L , Volpato Nadia Maria , Steppe Martin
Published: October 2019

This study describes two analytical methods, by second-order derivative UV spectrophotometric by HPLC, for determination of vildagliptin, a drug used for treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus that belongs to a therapeutic class called inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4. The methods were validated in accordance with ICH and USP requirements. Analyses by UV derivative method were performed at 220 nm, which was the zero crossing point of excipient solutions. HPLC was optimized and the analysis was carried out using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus RP-C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), detection at 207 nm, and potassium phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 : acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as mobile phase. In dissolution test, the conditions used were 0.01 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid in 900 mL of dissolution medium, USP apparatus 2 (paddle) and 50 rpm stirring speed. Both methods were successfully applied for analysis of dissolution samples from marketed vildagliptin tablets.
ANALYSIS OF VANILLIN BY TLC AND HPLC-PDA IN HERBAL MATERIAL AND TINCTURE FROM Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex. Andrews
Authors: Ferreira Magda , Schwanz Melissa , Cosenza Gustavo , Henriques Amelia , Soares Luiz Alberto Lira
Published: October 2019

Vanilla planifolia (Orchidiaceae) is a species that is renowned globally and represents the largest source of vanillin flavoring used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This study was carried out to analyze by TLC and HPLC-PDA vanillin in herbal drug and tincture from V. planifolia. The herbal drug was obtained with hydroalcoholic solution under reflux; and a kinetic reaction was performed by TLC. The influences of solvent and herbal drug concentration were studied through an experimental design. The solutions (herbal drug, tincture and standard – vanillin) were prepared and analyzed in HPLC coupled with DAD detector, using wavelength of 280 nm. The total extraction of vanillin was achieved after three extraction cycles, using 1.0 g of herbal material and Ethanol 50% (v/v) as solvent. The method was linear (R2> 0.99) and demonstrated repeatability (RSD < 0.90), intermediate precision (RSD < 1.09), recovery (93.12-113.74%), as well as robustness (RSD < 4.33). The total content of vanillin found was 1.82 g% and 0.21 g% for herbal drug and tincture, respectively. A simple and optimized method for sample preparation by reflux was able to provide the exhaustive extraction of vanillin and does not compromise the reliability of the HPLC-PDA method. The chromatographic procedure was validated to separate and quantify vanillin in herbal material and tincture from pods of V. planifolia.
EVALUATION OF THE PRESENCE OF POLYMORPHIC FORMS AND INFLUENCE ON THE DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF TENOXICAM IN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT AND FORMULATIONS
Authors: Fries Aline Taís , Olegário Natália , Chagas Campanharo Sarah , Pereira Vitor Paulo , Steppe Martin
Published: October 2019

Polymorphism is a relatively common phenomenon among pharmaceutical compounds, and one of the main aspects to be considered in the production and development of medications. The investigation of polymorphism associated with oxicams, a group belonging to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has increased in recent years and, in the case of tenoxicam, the existence of four polymorphic forms is reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence of different polymorphic forms of tenoxicam in active pharmaceutical ingredient and oral pharmaceutical formulations, as well as to evaluate the influence on in vitro dissolution. The characterization of the three samples of pharmaceutical ingredient of tenoxicam from different suppliers by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) and dissolution profile indicated the presence of a form III crystalline structure, without presenting significant differences between the in vitro dissolution profiles analyzed, and a Dissolution Efficiency (DE%) of 60.30%, 60.70% and 72.34%, respectively. When the four pharmaceutical specialties of tenoxicam were submitted to XRD analysis, they also presented form III crystalline structures. Despite this, the formulations presented different dissolution profiles and a DE% of 75.23%, 83.69%, 78.19% and 90.63%, respectively, without compromising their quality. However, often polymorphism affects physico-chemical properties of drugs, showing the importance of studying this phenomenon, by correlating the presence of crystalline structures to alterations in the quality of active ingredients and pharmaceutical products.
NEW, GREEN AND MINIATURIZED ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CEFADROXIL MONOHYDRATE IN CAPSULES
Authors: Marco Bianca , Kogawa Ana , Salgado Hérida
Published: October 2019

Cefadroxil, an oral antimicrobial, presents few techniques optimized for the reduction of solvents and toxic residues and/or non-use of them. So, a quantitative, new and miniaturized method for determination of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules has been developed and validated by spectrophotometric method in the visible region according to the international guidelines. The analyzes were performed using microplates containing 96 wells, 1 % of phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide 0.1 M as reagent at 552 nm. The method was (i) linear in the range of 15-115 µg mL-1, (ii) selective when comparing standard, sample, adjuvants and color reagent, (iii) precise with deviations below 4 %, (iv) accurate when comparing the proposed method with the HPLC method, (v) robusts by making small and deliberate modifications to the method, (vi) besides being fast, low cost, eco-friendly and generates minimal amount of waste. The method can be applied to the routine quality control of cefadroxil monohydrate in capsules and an effective and accessible alternative that contemplates the concepts of current and sustainable green analytical chemistry.
BIOANALYTICAL METHOD BY COLUMN-SWITCHING WITH DIRECT INJECTION OF HUMAN PLASMA FOR DETERMINATION OF SULPHONYLUREAS
Authors: Ferreira Juliana Veloso , Pianetti Gerson A. , Fernandes Christian
Published: October 2019

Sulphonylureas are widely used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus, one of the main causes of death in human population. Their determination is essential in pharmacological research and in the development of new drugs. Generally, determination of sulphonylureas in biological matrices is performed using conventional sample preparation techniques, which frequently leads to an increase of analysis time and errors. In this context, a bioanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of sulphonylureas by direct injection of human plasma was developed and optimized. An automated column-switching high performance liquid chromatographic system with a restricted access media (RAM) column coupled to a fused-core column was employed. At the first dimension, a RAM column with mobile phase of ultrapure water pH 6.0 at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL min-1 was used. The valve switching time was 3 minutes. At the second dimension, a C18 guard-column coupled to a C18 fused core column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (54:46 v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.8 mL min-1 were employed. The column switching system was performed in backflush configuration with an analyte elution time of 1 minute. Flufenamic acid was used as the internal standard. The mean plasma protein exclusion percentage by the RAM-column was 104.5%. The developed and optimized method showed to be fast and simple, allowing the direct injection of biological sample into the chromatographic system and the simultaneous determination of three sulphonylureas in only 12 minutes, including the sample treatment, separation and detection.
The effect of herpes viruses on antenatal programming of children's health
Authors: Lityaevа L. A. , Kovaleva O. V.
Published: October 2019

Objective: to assess the effect of viruses of herpes family in pregnant women on the health of children in the first half of their lives.

A clinical and laboratory observation of 33 mother-child pairs was conducted. Of these, 25 women were from the risk group for intrauterine infection and 8 women were with a physiological course of pregnancy. The quantitative content of herpes virus markers was studied by their effect on cholesterol metabolism and symbiotic microbiota was studied by the quantitative content of long chain fatty acids and fatty aldehydes, phospholipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in all women at 34-37 weeks of gestation and their infants.

It was revealed that pregnant women of “risk group” increased the quantitative content of herpes virus markers with the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1,2 types and its associations with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

A correlation was found between the degree of increase in markers of HSV, EBV, and CMV with that of the bacterial load of the intestine by conditionally pathogenic representatives and the deficiency of priority genera of the intestinal microbiota in mothers and the same indicators in their children.

An increase in the quantitative content of herpes viruses, exceeding the norm by more than 2 times, is interconnected with the pathological course of pregnancy and the violation of the microecological status of pregnant women, which predicts the realization of somatic and infectious pathology in children in the first half of life.
Risk analysis in surveying works related to roads construction
Authors: Kowacka M. , Skorupka D. , Duchaczek A. , Waniewska A. , Dudziak-Gajowiak D.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to indicate the identified risk factors, which is the first stage in the presented method for risk analysis in geodetic works. The experts’ opinion, analysis of available documentation, experience, subject literature review, and observation allowed for obtaining information due to which 20 risk factors were selected. The presented method for risk analysis was developed as a result of investigations and verification of existing risk analysis methods, as well as the market needs. The results of the study on the identification of risk factors and the presented risk analysis method are the first stage of the research on the given subject, the continuation of which will be presented in subsequent works.
Zastosowanie piezoelementów typu bender do oceny sztywności początkowej gruntu nienasyconego z kontrolowanym ciśnieniem ssania
Authors: Skutnik Z. , Biliniak M. , Sobol E.
Published: October 2019

W artykule podjęto próbę oceny wpływu stopnia nasycenia gruntu wodą na jego sztywność w zakresie małych odkształceń. Właściwa analiza interakcji konstrukcji budowlanej z gruntem przeprowadzana z wykorzystaniem metod numerycznych wymaga znajomości parametrów, w szczególności charakterystyk sztywności w zakresie odkształceń odpowiadających rzeczywistym warunkom pracy tej konstrukcji. Zazwyczaj odkształcenia podłoża gruntowego wywołane obciążeniem od budowli nie przekraczają wartości 10–3, w związku z czym szczególnie ważne dla inżyniera geotechnika jest określenie sztywności gruntu w zakresie odkształceń 10–5–10–3. W celu wyznaczenia charakterystyk sztywności gruntu spoistego wykorzystano aparat trójosiowego ściskania wyposażony w piezoelementy typu bender, umożliwiające pomiar prędkości fali poprzecznej wewnątrz próbki. Podstawa opisywanego aparatu trójosiowego jest wyposażona w ceramikę o wysokim ciśnieniu wejścia powietrza (HAEV), co pozwoliło, wykorzystując technikę „translacji osi”, wykonać badania dla zmiennego (kontrolowanego) stopnia nasycenia próbki gruntu wodą. W literaturze stopień nasycenia (Sr) i wilgotność gruntu są wymieniane jako jedne z wielu czynników, które obok właściwości fizycznych, wartości naprężeń efektywnych, wskaźnika porowatości, historii naprężenia i innych wpływają na prędkość propagacji fali w gruncie. W publikacji opisano metodykę badań oraz przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TRIKAYA PARISUDHA BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP SIKAP SOSIAL DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Pasek I Gede Sadhu Satwika , Sudarma I Komang , Astawan I Gede
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha  berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS 2) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha  berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial, dan 3) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha  berbasis masalah terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain nonequivalent posttest only control group. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah  seluruh kelas IV SD di Gugus IV Kecamatan Susut yang terdiri dari 6 kelas dengan jumlah 115 siswa. Selanjutnya ditentukan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling dan didapatkan 2 sekolah dengan jumlah 45 siswa yang terdiri dari SD Negeri 3 Abuan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dengan jumlah 26 siswa dan SD Negeri 2 Susut sebagai kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah 19 siswa. Data sikap sosial siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan data hasil belajar IPS dikumpulkan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan Manova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) secara simultan, terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS. 2) terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial, dan 3) terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa moel pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS. Kata-kata kunci: pembelajaran berbasis masalah, trikaya parisudha, sikap sosial,  hasil belajar IPS
Suomalaisen mediatutkimuksen historiaa 2: Sanomalehtiopillista mediahistoriaa
Authors: Malmberg Tarmo
Published: October 2019

Suomalaisen mediatutkimuksen historiaa -sarjassa esitellään tekijänsä uran tai alan kehityksen kannalta merkille pantavia töitä. Tarkoitus on samalla herättää kiinnostusta kotimaisen tutkimuksen historiaan, jonka kokonaisesitys on edelleen laatimatta: Eino Suova. Aurora-seuran sanomalehti 1771–1778: sanomalehtiopillinen tutkimus.Turku: Turun Yliopisto, 1952.
Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin İngilizce kelime öğrenmeleri ve materyal motivasyonları üzerine: Cep telefonu destekli videolar
Authors: ANLAMIŞ Zeynep , AKAY Cenk
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmada,
ortaöğretim öğrencileri tarafından cep telefonuyla çekilen kelime sunum
videolarının öğrencilerin kelime öğrenme başarıları ve materyal motivasyonları
üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma yarı deneysel desende
yürütülmüş ve araştırma grubunu 2017- 2018 eğitim öğretim yılında bir Anadolu
Lisesinde öğrenim gören toplam 60 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Deneysel süreç 8 hafta
sürmüştür.  Veri toplama araçları olarak,
araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kelime testi ve açık uçlu sorular formu
ile başka araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş Öğretim Materyalleri
Motivasyon Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar deney ve kontrol grubunun kelime
öğrenme akademik başarıları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılığın
olduğunu ancak materyal kullanımlarına yönelik motivasyonları arasında anlamlı
bir farklılığın olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca deney grubu öğrencileri cep
telefonu destekli video kullanımına yönelik olumlu görüşler bildirmişlerdir.
The Influence of Different Levels of Data Detail on Land use Change Analyses: A Case Study of Franciscan Cadastre for a Part of the Pannonian Hills, Slovenia
Authors: Deriaz Jennifer , Ciglič Rok , Ferk Mateja , Loczy Dénes
Published: October 2019

In several European countries, land use changes can be analysed on the basis of the Franciscan Cadastre. Present land use data is defined on the basis of orthophotos, but the historical data is available only at a parcel level. Therefore, a question arose as to how reliable results about land use changes can be. The main aim of the paper was to analyse land use dynamics with the Franciscan Cadastre and to test the compatibility of detailed and parcel level of modern data. The study was carried out by calculating land use structure and landscape metrics for a part of the Pannonian low-hills area in Slovenia. We have observed that the calculation of the land use type structure mostly provided similar results regardless of the level of detail. On the other hand, the results of landscape metrics analysis were highly affected by the level of detail. The analysis at the parcel level showed that the forest area expanded, and fields and vineyards areas diminished. In general, today’s landscape is made of less patches, but they are larger and of more irregular shapes. We can conclude that a comparison of modern data and historical data based on Franciscan Cadastre must include generalisation to a parcel level.
Depopulation Processes in European Rural Areas: A Case Study of Cantabria (Spain)
Authors: Viñas Carmen Delgado
Published: October 2019

Europe witnessed massive migration away from rural areas throughout the 20th century. Spain was no exception to the rule, albeit with differences in timing and pace, and the population in Cantabria constitutes a paradigmatic case. Here, the rural exodus began early – before the mid-20th century – in some mountainous districts, but reached a peak in the 1960s and continued throughout the following decades. Since the 1990s, population levels in rural municipalities have fallen at a slower rate, while the population of the region as a whole has increased slightly. Disturbingly, the rural population has continued to decline in the early 21st century, in an overall context of almost zero population growth. The demographic trends analyzed here are not only different in time, but also in space. With the partial exception of regional capitals and their neighbouring communities, municipalities in mountain districts have witnessed such a substantial decline in their populations that they have experienced a genuine process of depopulation. This case does not explain the all-similar cases in rural Europe as a whole, but it can help in interpreting other comparable processes in different regions of southern Europe where depopulation reached its maximum in the second half of the 20th century and still continues today.
Harmfulness of xylophagous insects for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Skrylnik Yuriy , Koshelyaeva Yana , Meshkova Valentyna
Published: October 2019

The aim of the research was to determine the rate of the damage of xylophagous insects for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands in the Left Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Evaluation of physiological harmfulness considered a health condition of inhabited trees, features of maturating feeding and pathogens vectoring for the cases of so-called ‘provoked aggressiveness’ and its absence. Evaluation of technical harmfulness considered a location and depth of larval galleries and pupal chambers, colonized sapwood surface, and stem part. Evaluation of general harmfulness considered physiological harmfulness, technical harmfulness and generation number.

Among 22 xylophagous insect species, 4 species were widespread (Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Xylotrechus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg, 1837), and Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894)); 3 species were common, 6 species were rare and 9 species were single.

The highest physiological harmfulness is expected for Tremex fuscicornis (Fabricius, 1787) and Tremex magus (Fabricius, 1787), Сhrysobothris affinis (Fabricius, 1774), Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Xylotrechus rusticus, and bark beetles. The highest technical harmfulness is expected for wood wasps – Tremex spp., jewel beetles Dicerca furcata (Thunberg, 1787) and Dicerca alni (Fischer von Waldheim, 1824), longhorn beetle Xylotrechus rusticus, and xylomycetophages – Xyleborinus sp.

All widespread species are evaluated by a wide range of physiological harmfulness. Three of them (all except Agrilus viridis) are evaluated by highly technical harmfulness and from moderate to highly general harmfulness. Among the species having a common occurrence, Tremex fuscicornis can be highly harmful only in the case of tree weakening by negative factors, another two species can be non-harmful, and Xiphydria longicollis (Geoffroy, 1785) can be low harmful in the case of tree weakening by negative factors. Among the rare species, Scolytus ratzeburgi Janson, 1856 can be low or moderately harmful and Tremex magus can be low or highly harmful depending on the presence or absence of other negative factors. Among single species, Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) can be moderately harmful because it colonizes almost healthy trees. The rest three species can be moderately harmful in the case of tree weakening by negative factors.
Thinning effects on stand formation and modifications of a young pine/birch forest: a boreal zone case study
Authors: Nakvasina Elena Nikolaevna , Voevodkina Alexandra Viktorovna , Volkov Alexey Gennadievich , Zakharov Andrey Yurievich , Koptev Sergey Viktorovich , Minin Nicolai Stepanovich
Published: October 2019

Thinning of young forests attracts the attention of scientists despite the long-term commercial effect. However, these researches are scarce. Therefore, it is important to study experiments with a long history. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of thinning carried out in young pine/birch boreal forests on stand formation, natural regeneration, ground cover and properties of the soil layers in stands.

We investigated three types of thinning in young pine/birch forests. In one plot of the initial stand, thinning was performed in two stages with a time interval of 27 years; in the first stage, thinning intensity was 75% of stems, while in the second stage, thinning intensity was 30%. In two other plots, thinning was performed in one stage at a stand age of 13 years, with thinning intensities of 76 and 84%. At the stand age of 72 years (2017), integrated studies of the silvicultural and ecological states were carried out.

All thinned plots had developed into pure pine stands with 28–53% thicker stems, 12–18% higher trees and a growing stock 55–92% higher compared to the un-thinned reference stand. The most pronounced differences were observed for Option 1. With thinning, forest type changed to red whortleberry type, while the un-thinned reference site developed into a blueberry type forest.

Thinning in young pine/birch stands results in the formation of pure pine stands. The associated modification of environmental properties changed the composition and density of the ground cover and some properties of the upper soil layers. Two-stage thinning had the least impacts; this approach can be used to produce stands with high commercial value. It is especially recommended for young pine/birch forests in the northern taiga.
From Judicial Transplants to Judicial Translations: Constitutional Courts in Southern Africa – A Comparative Review
Authors: Emeziem Cosmas
Published: October 2019

The contemporary legal landscape in Southern Africa and its responsiveness to the challenges in the region can be explained in many ways. Part of the explanation has been the idea of legal transplants—which entails borrowing and adapting legal norms, and structures from different legal systems in order to resolve legal problems in the region. The end of apartheid and other rapid changes in the region—political, racial, economic and social—has directly placed the courts on the frontlines of human rights protection especially on socio-economic rights and other overarching concerns of law reform. The adoption of constitutional courts in some of the countries, and consequent judicial activist turn in the jurisprudence of courts in the region generally; has inserted the courts into the mainstream of policy deliberations. Thus, this paper claims that legal transplant per se does not explain the full reality of what is going on in the region—in terms of nomativization, transmission, adoption, and adaptation of legal ideas within the respective systems in the region. It further claims that a mesh of different understandings and approaches to legal comparison and development is more suitable as a method of studying pluralist complex systems as we see in the region. Hence, the notion of judicial translation—the judiciary forming the membrane, purveyor and capillary of legal transmission—as an essential lens through which we can better view and understand the legal evolution in the region. Taking the institution of courts – particularly constitutional courts—and examining their jurisprudence as epitomized in some of their decisions of finality—the work seeks to begin a meaningful deliberation about the role of courts in law, social change, and policy in the region. It is divided into three major parts for ease of discourse. It is hoped that this would be a fitting exordium into the more significant meaning of legal transplant through judicial intervention in otherwise predominantly policy questions in the Southern African region.
The Highest Rate of Public Trust in Judiciary in Twenty Years in Lithuania: Trend or Coincidence?
Authors: Kiršienė Julija , Gruodytė Edita
Published: October 2019

Until 2018 public trust in judiciary in Lithuania was more negative than positive. Results of 2018 are exceptional as show the highest rates of trust in 22 years. The aim of this article – to find out if these results are coincidence or indicate increase of public trust in judiciary. To explore this issue this paper will analyze the concept and dynamics of trust in judiciary, possible measures of professionalism and examine how these aspects are reflected in Lithuanian judiciary. Our research reveals two main reasons for the improved trust in the judiciary: good performance including use of technology and greater transparency that provides the public greater access to information about the justice system.
Protection of Right to Environment in International Public Law
Authors: Jankuv Juraj
Published: October 2019

Substantive human right to environment represents a relatively new element in international human rights catalogues. This human right has gradually become established in international public law since the 1970s. This paper deals with the identification and analysis of the formal sources of two branches (or, according to some opinions, subbranches) of international public law – international environmental law and the international human rights law that enshrine substantive human right to environment as well as with the identification of the relevant international law mechanisms of direct and indirect protection of this right.
Judicial Approaches to Political Questions: A Comparative Study of the United States and South Korea
Authors: Song Doori
Published: October 2019

The United States Supreme Court (USSC) and the Constitutional Court of Korea (CCK) have adopted sharply different positions regarding the justiciability of “political questions.” On one hand, the USSC has generally refrained from adjudicating political questions, as shown in Nixon v. United States, Terlinden v. Ames, and Goldwater v. Carter. On the other hand, the CCK has regularly tried cases concerning political questions, as demonstrated in The Impeachment of the President (Roh Moo-hyun) Case and The Comfort Women Victims Case. The text of the U.S. and South Korean constitutions, their views about the proper role of the judiciary, and prudential factors explain why the USSC and the CCK have taken different approaches towards adjudicating political questions. Furthermore, the experiences of each country provide important lessons for the other: on one hand, the CCK experience has shown how a more active approach towards reviewing political questions can (1) create legal standards that keep government branches accountable in novel situations, (2) help prevent a political branch from acquiring tyrannical rule, and (3) enhance the judiciary’s legitimacy in the public. On the other hand, the USSC experience has demonstrated how a more restrained approach towards reviewing political questions may (1) strengthen the commitment of all branches to the principle of separation of powers (2) enhance the consistency and predictability of judicial decisions, and (3) lead to resolutions of issues by the branch with the most training and expertise.
The spaces and places of Czech believers
Authors: Novotný Gustav
Published: October 2019

Geographical aspects of contemporary Czech religiosity are discussed in this paper. The main objective is to understand and approximate the spaces and places of faith which Czech believers inhabit, construct and reconstruct. An original focus on young believers was broadened to include priests, preachers and older members of several churches in Brno city, and the Přerov and Ústí nad Labem regions. Concepts of space and place, sacred spaces, and the imagery of post-mortem spaces are treated within the context of so-called secularisation and related phenomena. The methodology is based on an inductive qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin. The data are presented, discussed and ordered following the main themes originating from the research, including: (i) spaces of regular activities (related to the faith); (ii) spaces of dissemination and evangelisation of the faith; (iii) personal places linked with faith; and (iv) an introduction to the imagery of post-mortem spaces. The results document a long-term shift in the attitudes of believers, the change from rather public spaces of community gathering to personal places, influenced by specific secularisation tendencies. Also, the results represent the typical places of faith which are constructed and reconstructed by current Czech believers, and the current imagery of post-mortem spaces.
The Role of Crisis Prevention from the Perspective of the Biggest Polish Companies and Public Relations Agencies on the Basis of Expert Research
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz , Szuba Przemysław
Published: October 2019

The article constitutes a presentation of the results of research devoted to the current trends in crisis PR. The authors of the work made an attempt to diagnose crisis prevention in a cross-section of two dimensions. On the one hand the perspective of business (survey of companies) was presented and on the other hand experts’ opinions (survey of the leaders of public relations agencies) were shown. As a result of analyses a point model of an immune system, which takes into consideration the key instruments of crisis methodology (developed procedures in form of communication management book, dedicated anti-crisis structures in an organization, crisis team with a fixed membership and a system of communication trainings) was designed. Diagnosis of prevention measures of the leaders of Polish business — based on the years 2007–2017 showed major deficiencies in the degree of companies’ preparation for the risk of crisis.
E-Marketing Campaign for a University. Case Study
Authors: Tarczydło Beata , Miłoń Joanna
Published: October 2019

The subject of this work is an e-marketing campaign for a university from theoretical and practical perspective. Starting from a definition of e-marketing and the set of instruments used in e-marketing, the stages of implementation of e-marketing campaigns dedicated to entities from the sector of education will be discussed. Methodology of research for the purposes of the article covered literature studies, meta-analysis of available Internet sources and authors’ own qualitative research with the application of the methods of mystery client and case study. The object of the research is a private university and the subject of research are e-marketing activities, including identified campaigns, conducted for the university. The authors’ goal is to present an e-marketing campaign for a university in theory and practice. The purpose of the article is working out guidelines and recommendations for marketing specialists interested in efficient marketing activities on the Internet for the analyzed entities.
Investigating Process Maturity Modeling as an Advertising Process Improvement Paradigm
Authors: Doss Daniel Adrian , Henley Russ , Hong Qiuqi , Pickett Trey
Published: October 2019

This article examined a variant of the Capability Maturity Model integrated (CMMi) through the lens of advertising process improvement. The population and sample were taken from a national array of U.S. marketing organizations. Using ANOVA, a 0.05 significance level, and a stratification of service marketing organizations versus product marketing organizations, the study showed a statistically significant difference (F(1, 304) = 4.03; p = 0.04; ω
2 = 0.00) regarding the hypothesis representing the notion that processes were potentially sporadic, chaotic, and ad hoc. This notion corresponded to the first maturity level of the examined process maturity framework. With respect to the Likert-scale data representing the first maturity level, the successive means analysis showed that both service marketing firms (M = 2.99) and product marketing firms (M = 2.74) reported neutrality regarding whether processes were deemed sporadic, chaotic, and ad hoc. Thus, the respondents perceived no evidence of the first maturity level among the queried work settings. Future studies may examine different stratifications of marketing firms (e.g., for-profit versus non-profit; domestic versus international; and so on) to better explore the proposed advertising maturity model.
Marketing for Science Based Organizations Perspectives and Questions
Authors: Zehner William Bradley , Zehner Jacquelyn Anne
Published: October 2019

Marketing for research and science-based organizations is complex and not well understood; especially by the research, scientific, and technical communities. This paper presents a conceptual framework for scientists in research and science-based organizations to think about their organization’s marketing and sales functions, and related processes. NASA, one of the world’s most successful research organizations, which put two American astronauts on the moon in approximately 8 years, is briefly explored. The role of 21st Century research and science-based organizations in creating societal, organizational, and individual wealth is examined via a conceptual framework of the virtuous wealth creation process. Two forms of intrinsic organizational cultural conflict are examined; the external cultural conflicts between potential customers and the technology organization, and the internal conflict between scientists and economic managers. Strategic marketing is addressed and consists of market need, market segmentation, choosing a target market, and the organization’s position relative to the target market and competition. Tactical marketing (AKA sales) and its elements are delineated - product, price, promotion, physical distribution, and most importantly - personnel. The integration of all elements of strategic and tactical marketing into a cohesive whole is underscored. Additionally, several marketing and sales questions are posed to facilitate self-assessment by research and technology-based organizations.
Will the use of Virtual Reality Lead to a Revolution in Marketing Communication?
Authors: Szymczak Anna
Published: October 2019

A contemporary consumer is a challenge for marketing specialists. The analysis of the conducted research shows that only a well-constructed marketing message, using new technologies will be a key element of effective marketing communication. There is a growing interest in the use of virtual and augmented reality on the market.

The aim of the work is to analyze the possibilities of using innovative tools, based on virtual and augmented reality in marketing communication. The source basis of the study is available literature on the subject, secondary sources, own analyzes and research and studies carried out by foreign research institutes.

The paper presents the results of authorial research carried out in 2018 using the CAPI method, as well as self-audit of marketing activities using VR and AR based on the SERVQUAL model. The results of the study indicate limited use of VR and AR. It should also be emphasized that these results are not representative, but point to a relationship that is worth exploring on a larger research group.