bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Health, and Risk Behaviors Among Men in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Lui Paraniala Silas C. , Dunne Michael P. , Baker Philip , Isom Verzilyn
Published: August 2018

Compared with many parts of the world, there has been little research in Pacific Island nations into the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health. This is a significant gap for local evidence-based child protection. We describe findings from a survey of 400 men aged 18 to 70 years recruited from randomly sampled households in Honiara city, Solomon Islands. Most men reported multiple adversities during childhood (80.7% 3 or more; 46% 5 or more), such as exposure to community and domestic violence, bullying, physical maltreatment, and sexual abuse. Men with multiple ACEs had significantly lower well-being and more psychological distress, recent stressful life events, and health risk behaviors. This study reports the first observation that betel quid chewing increased as a function of multiple ACEs. In comparison with recent East Asian studies, the Solomon Islands data suggest that the collective geographic category of “Asia-Pacific” masks significant intraregional differences in childhood adversities.
Retrospective Accounts of the Process of Using and Discontinuing Psychiatric Medication
Authors: Katz Shimon , Goldblatt Hadass , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Roe David
Published: August 2018

Refusal to take psychiatric medication as prescribed is often considered negative, harmful, and even reflective of a sign of one’s illness. However, recent research from diverse sources has challenged this axiom. The current study investigated the reasons, processes, experiences, and perceived impacts of medication discontinuation. The study was carried out using the narrative approach to life stories method. Participants were 12 women and 9 men who had discontinued their prescribed medication following psychiatric hospitalization. Four main themes were revealed in the data analysis: (a) the experience with medication, (b) the process of discontinuing medication, (c) elements that helped achieve successful medication discontinuation, and (d) the perceived impact of medication discontinuation. Our findings challenge the widespread notion that discontinuing psychiatric medication is necessarily negative and suggest that, for some, it is a legitimate and meaningful life choice.
Antiplatelet Therapy Bridging With Cangrelor in Patients With Coronary Stents: A Case Series
Authors: Bowman Stephanie , Gass Jennifer , Weeks Phillip
Published: August 2018

Background: Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 receptor antagonist approved for use during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce ischemic events associated with new stent placement and has been used off-label at reduced doses guided by platelet function testing as a “bridge” from discontinuation of oral P2Y12 receptor antagonists to surgical procedures when the long-term effects of oral agents are undesirable. Objective: To describe the dosing, laboratory monitoring, and clinical outcomes of a series of patients who received cangrelor as a “bridging” antiplatelet agent. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of all patients within the study center with coronary stents who received cangrelor as a bridge to surgical procedure and had VerifyNow monitoring during treatment. Results: A total of 11 patients were identified for inclusion. The median cangrelor dose was 0.5 µg/kg/min (interquartile range = 0.5-0.5) and was maintained in 7 of 11 patients. Doses ranged from 0.25 to 2 µg/kg/min during therapy, and 81.6% of VerifyNow results assessed were within goal range (⩽208 P2Y12 reaction units). Bleeding complications during therapy occurred in 3 patients, all of whom were receiving concomitant heparin infusions, and no stent thrombosis was reported. Conclusion and Relevance: Low-dose cangrelor may represent an effective option for bridging antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary stents. This study demonstrated that the majority of patients received adequate platelet inhibition without any incidence of stent thrombosis on 0.5 µg/kg/min using the VerifyNow assay to monitor platelet inhibition, which represents a lower dose than previously reported in the literature.
Long-Term Outcome After Operative Management of Talus Fractures
Authors: Vints Wouter , Matricali Giovanni , Geusens Eric , Nijs Stefaan , Hoekstra Harm
Published: August 2018

Background:

Controversies remain regarding the preferred treatment strategy for talus fractures. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome after operative management of talus fractures. Secondarily, we identified those factors that affected the outcome and defined strategies to improve the outcome.

Methods:

This is a retrospective outcome study of 84 patients with an average follow-up time of 9.1 years. We assessed the functional results, return to daily activities, and general health status using the Foot Function Index-5pt, a numeric rating scale for pain, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Furthermore, we conducted a correlation analysis between the outcomes and 14 demographic, clinical, and radiologic variables.

Results:

We found moderate mean Foot Function Index pain and disability scores of 30.2 and 28.7, respectively. The mean numeric rating scale score was 3.2. Of all responders, 41% (27/66) did not return to their daily activities. We reported low physical, but good mental, Short Form-36 component summary scores of 42.7 and 48.3, respectively. We recorded a complication rate of 56%. Osteoarthritis, articular incongruence and talus body fractures correlated significantly with a poorer functional outcome. Delayed surgery after trauma was associated with better outcome measures.

Conclusions:

Talus fractures have a major long-term impact on ankle and hindfoot function and on physical health. Success of operative treatment depends on the occurrence of osteoarthritis postoperatively, type of fracture, and quality of fracture reduction. Because only the latter is modifiable, efforts should be made to restore articular congruence in order to improve the outcome. Therefore, we recommend reviewing the quality of the reduction postoperatively on CT. Furthermore, talus fractures should not be considered operative emergencies, but rather treated after recovery of the soft-tissues.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Resonant dynamics of axially functionally graded imperfect tapered Timoshenko beams
Authors: Ghayesh Mergen H
Published: August 2018

This paper addresses the nonlinear resonant dynamics of axially functionally graded (AFG) tapered beams subjected to initial geometric imperfections, based on the Timoshenko beam theory. A rigorous coupled axial–transverse–rotational nonlinear model is developed taking into account the geometric nonlinearities due to the large deformations coupled with an initial imperfection along the length of the beam as well as nonlinear expressions accounting for nonuniform tapered geometry and mechanical properties. The Hamilton’s energy principle is used to balance the kinetic and potential energies of the AFG imperfect tapered Timoshenko beam with the work done by damping and the external excitation load. This results in a set of strongly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The Galerkin decomposition scheme involving an adequate number of both symmetric and asymmetric modes is utilized to reduce the PDEs to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A well-optimized numerical scheme is developed to handle the high-dimensional discretized model.
Explanatory models of suicidality among women of Turkish descent in Germany: A focus group study
Authors: Heredia Montesinos Amanda , Aichberger Marion C. , Temur-Erman Selver , Bromand Zohra , Heinz Andreas , Schouler-Ocak Meryam
Published: August 2018

Women of Turkish descent in Germany show higher rates of suicidal behavior compared to their host populations and men of Turkish descent. This indicates a demand for a better understanding of suicidality in this group. Nine focus groups ( N = 61) were conducted to assess explanatory models including patterns of distress, perceived causes, course/consequences of and reactions towards a suicidal crisis, help-seeking behavior, and potential intervention and prevention strategies. All participants were of Turkish descent living in Berlin, Germany. The focus groups included two with professionals such as psychiatrists or psychotherapists, two with Community Mothers, three with women from the community (ages: 18 -34, 35 -49, 50+), and of three suicide attempters (ages: 18 -33, 38 -66). Data were analyzed using the methodology of thematic analysis. Results show that suicide-related behaviors, attitudes, and help-seeking behavior have gender and culture-specific characteristics. Two central themes were identified: the impact of family and community and the impact of German society. Participants stated that they believe that family and community pressures as well as discrimination and lack of acceptance cause social isolation. Fear of stigmatization and dishonoring themselves or their family, as well as shame and self-stigma decrease the likelihood of reaching out for help. Recommended strategies are community and family interventions, promotion of integration and social inclusion, awareness campaigns to destigmatize suicidality and the use of mental health services, empowerment of women, as well as the improvement of cultural sensitivity and competency of services.
Built to Collaborate? Organization Design and Coalition Success
Authors: Ainsworth Dale , Chesley Julie A.
Published: August 2018

Coalitions implementing health promotion initiatives are composed of organizations that collaborate with one another. However, organizations do not collaborate; rather it is people representing organizations that make partnerships happen, and some collaborators are more effective than others. The way organizations are designed markedly influences the manner in which collaborators represent their organizations in coalitions. In this study, we explore how organizations are designed to support effective collaboration. Using a mixed methods design, high-performing collaborators were identified through a survey. The top 25 participated in in-depth interviews. Interviews assessed organization design components including strategy, structure, processes, human resource systems, measurement systems, and culture. Findings revealed multiple design elements that supported the use of collaboration skills including strategies that explicitly acknowledged a reliance on interorganizational collaboration; nonhierarchical, informal, and flexible structures; processes that empowered collaborators to act on behalf of their organizations; human resource systems that included job descriptions, training, and performance appraisals that reinforced the use of collaboration skills; measurement systems that included performance data taken at the domain level; and cultures that supported diversity of thought, innovation, risk-taking and a “do-whatever-it-takes” attitude in accomplishing tasks. These findings can assist organization leaders in designing organizations to support effective multiorganizational collaboration.
Maximizing spatial–temporal coverage in mobile crowd-sensing based on public transports with predictable trajectory
Authors: Wang Chaowei , Li Chensheng , Qin Cai , Wang Weidong , Li Xiuhua
Published: August 2018

Mobile crowd-sensing is a prospective paradigm especially for intelligent mobile terminals, which collects ubiquitous data efficiently in metropolis. The existing crowd-sensing schemes based on intelligent terminals mainly consider the current trajectory of the participants, and the quality highly depends on the spatial-temporal coverage which is easily weakened by the mobility of participants. Nowadays, public transports are widely used and affordable in many cities around the globe. Public transports embedded with substantial sensors act as participants in crowd-sensing, but different from the intelligent terminals, the trajectory of public transports is schedulable and predictable, which sheds an opportunity to achieve high-quality crowd-sensing. Therefore, based on the predictable trajectory of public transports, we design a novel system model and formulate the selection of public transports as an optimization problem to maximize the spatial–temporal coverage. After proving the public transport selection is non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness, an approximation algorithm is proposed and the coverage is close to 1. We evaluate the proposed algorithm with samples of real T-Drive trajectory data set. The results show that our algorithm achieves a near optimal coverage and outperforms existing algorithms.
Framing school leadership preparation and development for Kenya: Context matters
Authors: Okoko Janet Mola
Published: August 2018

This article uses interview data gathered from school leaders to recommend a framework for school leadership preparation and development (SLP&D) in Kenya. Data were gathered from head teachers and principals about the experiences that prepared them for leadership, the gaps in the existing SLP&D initiatives in Kenya, and how current initiatives could be improved. The findings revealed a lack of clarity with regard to SLP&D expectations among school leaders. However, the personal realities and needs of school leaders influenced decisions about when they took leadership positions, what they considered to be meaningful SLP&D, and the modes they preferred and engaged in. The need for a holistic approach to SLP&D was evident in the interconnectedness of: (a) their subjective realities, such as motivations and life commitments; (b) activities they engaged in for meaningful SLP&D, such as taking courses, gaining experience as they moved through the ranks, and mentorship; (c) what they considered to be the requisite competencies for school leadership; and (d) the systemic policies and practices they thought were essential, such as recruitment for SLP&D, standards, accreditation, funding, and partnerships. The article argues for a formalized SLP&D framework that embraces both the personal and contextual realities of the school leaders, the communities they serve, and the systems within which they work.
Ctrl-Alt-Del: GamerGate as a precursor to the rise of the alt-right
Authors: Bezio Kristin MS
Published: August 2018

Videogames and the gaming industry in the 21st-century generate more employment and revenue than either the professional music industry or the Hollywood film industry, making videogames both highly lucrative and extremely influential on a cultural level. When we consider the significance of cultural artifacts—like videogames, or television, films, or books—on the development of cultural mores and our understanding of society, leadership, and followership, it is therefore important that we consider the influence of an industry as large and widespread as the games industry. In this article, I examine the particular influence of an online movement known as “GamerGate,” how it connects to the history and origins of the internet and videogames, how it connects to the subsequent rise of the alt-right, and what we can learn about the alt-right as a small but significant portion of contemporary Western culture—including what we need to do to dismantle it.
Implant Removal Matrix for the Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Kaiser Philip B. , Watkins Ian , Riedel Matthew D. , Cronin Patrick , Briceno Jorge , Kwon John Y.
Published: August 2018

Background: Orthopaedic surgery frequently requires the use of metal plate and screw constructs for osteosynthesis. These constructs may be subsequently removed for a variety of indications. In the lower extremity in particular, implants (ie, hardware) can lead to prominence and pain secondary to a thin soft-tissue envelope with little subcutaneous tissue. Often, removal is performed without knowledge of the exact type of screw head configuration and/or size, which can make removal technically challenging. The purpose of this study is to consolidate screw head sizes and configurations from commonly utilized orthopaedic foot and ankle implant manufacturers matched against 2 commonly used universal implant removal sets to aid in the expeditious removal of hardware. Methods: Orthopaedic manufacturers of foot and ankle–specific implants were included based on market share. Publicly available information on screw size, head configuration, and driver size was collected and recorded. This information was cross-referenced against the drivers available in 2 commonly utilized universal implant removal sets. Results: Seven foot and ankle implant manufacturers were included. The data were compiled in table format according to manufacturer and subcategorized by noncannulated screws, cannulated screws, and locking screws. Conclusion: Many factors affect the success of hardware removal, and it is imperative that the surgeon knows which drivers are compatible with the implanted hardware. The expanding magnitude and diversity of orthopaedic implants makes removal of hardware more challenging. A guide of compatible drivers for various screw types helps expedite this procedure.

Levels of Evidence: Level V
User Roles and Contribution Patterns in Online Communities: A Managerial Perspective
Authors: Akar Ezgi , Mardikyan Sona
Published: August 2018

Online communities are one of the powerful digital sources for businesses to analyze online users’ behavioral data. In this sense, it is important for practitioners to know how to motivate community members, to keep them amused and regularly engaged in the community. But, practitioners should be aware that different user types exist in online communities, and they should understand these members’ diverse needs to manage these communities successfully and to give a better service to their members. Concordantly, this study focuses on the problem of the existence of different user types in online communities and development of different strategies for their motivation, involvement, and communication. Unlike previous studies, this study considers theories across managerial and social domains, conducts social network analysis, and considers users’ contribution patterns in an online community to identify particular user types in an online community. The study also presents motivational strategies for practitioners to keep each type of users frequently amused in online communities.
Does Teaching Quality Cross Subjects? Exploring Consistency in Elementary Teacher Practice Across Subjects
Authors: Cohen Julie , Ruzek Erik , Sandilos Lia
Published: August 2018

Teacher evaluation systems treat instructional quality as generic. Principals often observe elementary teachers in one subject and generalize assessments to all subjects. However, there is little empirical work to justify these decisions. This study provides needed evidence about whether elementary teachers engage in comparable instruction across the school day. We draw on data from the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project, including student survey and classroom observational data from more than 500 elementary teachers. Findings indicate that there is moderate within-teacher, cross-subject consistency on the Tripod and Classroom Observation Scoring System (CLASS). Cross-subject correlations are higher on the Tripod scales (r values from 0.55 to 0.73) than the CLASS dimensions and domains (r values from 0.25 to 0.55). These findings suggest that teaching quality is not a uniform construct across subjects, even though current teaching evaluation systems largely treat it as such. Implications for elementary teacher preparation, professional development, and evaluation are discussed.
Salary Negotiation: A Role-Play Exercise to Prepare for Salary Negotiation
Authors: Wesner Bradley S. , Smith Ashly Bender
Published: August 2018

Although most employers report room for negotiation in their job offers to recent graduates, fewer than half of recent graduates report attempting to negotiate. Considering that every raise employees receive throughout their career will be a percentage of their salary at the time, failure of new employees to maximize starting salary through negotiation is a serious omission. Developing business students’ negotiation skills should be an objective incorporated into business curricula allowing students to succeed in their job offer negotiations. The role-play exercise herein is designed to provide business students a foundation in basic negotiation through a scenario that boosts student interest and engagement and allow quick applicability in their professional lives. The exercise is designed for use in courses that focus on negotiation, management, or business communication, but it is adaptable for nearly any upper level business course.
Mechanisms of exercise limitation in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Dias Olívia Meira , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Ferreira Jeferson George , Cardenas Letícia Zumpano , Pennati Francesca , Salito Caterina , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Aliverti Andrea , Pereira de Albuquerque André Luis
Published: August 2018

Small airway and interstitial pulmonary involvements are prominent in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). However, their roles on exercise limitation and the relationship with functional lung tests have not been studied in detail.

Our aim was to evaluate exercise performance and its determinants in cHP. We evaluated maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing performance in 28 cHP patients (forced vital capacity 57±17% pred) and 18 healthy controls during cycling.

Patients had reduced exercise performance with lower peak oxygen production (16.6 (12.3–19.98) mL·kg−1·min−1versus25.1 (16.9–32.0), p=0.003), diminished breathing reserve (% maximal voluntary ventilation) (12 (6.4–34.8)%versus41 (32.7–50.8)%, p<0.001) and hyperventilation (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope 37±5versus31±4, p<0.001). All patients presented oxygen desaturation and augmented Borg dyspnoea scores (8 (5–10)versus4 (1–7), p=0.004). The prevalence of dynamic hyperinflation was found in only 18% of patients. When comparing cHP patients with normal and low peak oxygen production (<84% pred, lower limit of normal), the latter exhibited a higher minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (39±5.0versus34±3.6, p=0.004), lower tidal volume (0.84 (0.78–0.90) Lversus1.15 (0.97–1.67) L, p=0.002), and poorer physical functioning score on the Short form-36 health survey. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that reduced lung volumes (forced vital capacity %, total lung capacity % and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon dioxide %) were high predictors of poor exercise capacity.

Reduced exercise capacity was prevalent in patients because of ventilatory limitation and not due to dynamic hyperinflation. Reduced lung volumes were reliable predictors of lower performance during exercise.
Metformin added to bosentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects: a pilot study
Authors: Liao Shutan , Li Dongsheng , Hui Zheng , McLachlan Craig S. , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Recent studies suggest metformin may be a potential drug to improve cardiac function in PAH. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of short-term treatment with a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomised study.

Patients with PAH-CHD were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily).

93 patients were enrolled to bosentan monotherapy (n=48) or bosentan/metformin combination treatment (n=45). After 3 months, both treatments significantly improved World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and right heart haemodynamic parameters. The improvements in 6MWD and pulmonary vascular resistance index were significantly greater in patients treated with combination therapy than in those who received monotherapy (mean±sd95±136versus48±119 m (p=0.017) and −1.8±1.2versus−1.2±1.3 Wood units per m2(p<0.001), respectively). Pulmonary endothelin (EDN)1 was significantly decreased after combination therapy (p=0.006). However, plasma EDN1 levels were not affected.

Combination therapy with bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients provides improvements in important outcomes such as exercise capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics, compared with bosentan alone.
Feasibility of sentinel lymph node fluorescence detection during robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in early endometrial cancer: a prospective case series
Authors: Mereu Liliana , Pellegrini Alice , Carlin Roberta , Terreno Erica , Prasciolu Claudia , Tateo Saverio
Published: August 2018

Background

In the last few decades, the introduction of technologies such as single-site surgery, robotics, and sentinel lymph node detection has reduced invasiveness in the treatment and staging of endometrial cancer patients. The goal of the present prospective cohort study is to evaluate the feasibility of lymph node fluorescence detection with robotic single-site approach in low-risk endometrial cancer.

Results

Fifteen non consecutive low-risk endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) patients underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and total hysterectomy utilizing the Da Vinci Si Single-Site Surgical. System and Firefly 3D imaging. Indications for surgery included eight (53.3%) IA FIGO stage G1 EC, three (20%) IA FIGO stage G2 EC, and four (26.6%) EAH. Mean operative time was 155 min (range 112–175). One vaginal laceration was the only perioperative complication encountered, and all patients were discharged within 48 h of surgery.

SLN was detected in 86.6% of cases; 1/29 (3.4%) SLN results were positive for isolated tumor cells (ITCs) at immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of robotic single-site approach with SLN fluorescence detection for the staging of low-risk endometrial cancer.
Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Zheng Fanfan , Zhong Baoliang , Song Xiaoyu , Xie Wuxiang
Published: August 2018

Background

Little is known about the effect of persistent depressive symptoms on the trajectory of cognitive decline.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the duration of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period.

Method

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort is a prospective and nationally representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. We examined 7610 participants with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002–2003) and wave 2 (2004–2005), cognitive data at wave 2 and at least one reassessment of cognitive function (wave 3 to wave 7, 2006–2007 to 2014–2015).

Results

The mean age of the 7610 participants was 65.2 ± 10.1 years, and 57.0% were women. Of these, 1157 (15.2%) participants had episodic depressive symptoms and 525 participants (6.9%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants without depressive symptoms at wave 1 and wave 2, the multivariable-adjusted rates of global cognitive decline associated with episodic depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms were faster by –0.065 points/year (95% CI –0.129 to –0.000) and –0.141 points/year (95% CI –0.236 to –0.046), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Similarly, memory, executive and orientation function also declined faster with increasing duration of depressive symptoms (all P for trend < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Cumulative exposure of long-term depressive symptoms in elderly individuals could predict accelerated subsequent cognitive decline in a dose-response pattern.

Declaration of interest

None.
Dimitris Plantzos, Το πρόσφατο μέλλον: Η κλασική αρχαιότητα ως βιοπολιτικό εργαλείο [The recent future: Greek antiquity as a biopolitical apparatus]
Authors: Lekakis Stelios
Published: August 2018

Review of Dimitris Plantzos, Το πρόσφατο μέλλον: Η κλασική αρχαιότητα ως βιοπολιτικό εργαλείο [The recent future: Greek antiquity as a biopolitical apparatus]. Athens: Nefeli, 2016. 272 pp.
Haris Εxertzoglou, Εκ δυσμών το φως; Εξελληνισμός και οριενταλισμός στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (μέσα 19ου αιώνα-αρχές 20ού αιώνα) [From the West comes the light? Hellenisation and orientalism in the Ottoman Empire, mid-19th–early 20th centuries]
Authors: Dialla Ada A.
Published: August 2018

Review of Haris Εxertzoglou, Εκ δυσμών το φως; Εξελληνισμός και οριενταλισμός στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (μέσα 19ου αιώνα-αρχές 20ού αιώνα) [From the West comes the light? Hellenisation and orientalism in the Ottoman Empire, mid-19th–early 20th centuries]. Athens: Ekdoseis tou Eikostou Protou, 2015. 256 pp.
High-Speed Tracer Analysis of Metabolism (HS-TrAM)
Authors: Smith Thomas Brendan , Patel Kamlesh , Munford Haydn , Peet Andrew , Tennant Daniel A. , Jeeves Mark , Ludwig Christian
Published: August 2018

Tracing the fate of stable isotopically-enriched nutrients is a sophisticated method of describing and quantifying the activity of metabolic pathways. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers high resolution data in terms of resolving metabolic pathway utilisation. Despite this, NMR spectroscopy is under-utilised due to length of time required to collect the data, quantification requiring multiple samples and complicated analysis. Here we present two techniques, quantitative spectral filters and enhancement of the splitting of 13C signals due to homonuclear 13C,13C or heteronuclear 13C,15N J-coupling in 1H,13C-HSQC NMR spectra. Together, these allow the rapid collection of NMR spectroscopy data in a quantitative manner on a single sample. The reduced duration of HSQC spectra data acquisition opens up the possibility of real-time tracing of metabolism including the study of metabolic pathways in vivo. We show how these techniques can be used to trace the fate of labelled nutrients in a whole organ model of kidney preservation prior to transplantation using a porcine kidney as a model organ. In addition, we show how the use of multiple nutrients, differentially labelled with 13C and 15N, can be used to provide additional information with which to profile metabolic pathways.
Pengaruh Kadar Hemoglobin Pre-transfusi dan Feritin Serum terhadap Pertumbuhan Fisik Pasien Thalassemia β Mayor
Authors: Alfalah Cece , Wisnumurti Dewi A. , Windiastuti Endang , Sjakti Hikari A. , Putro Dwi , Wulandari H.F. , Devaera Yoga
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang. Kadar hemoglobin pre-transfusi dan feritin serum memengaruhi pertumbuhan anak dengan thalassemia β-mayor. Penelitian tentang thalassemia sudah dilakukan di Indonesia, tetapi penelitian tentang hubungan thalassemia dengan pertumbuhan fisik masih terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh kadar Hb pre-transfusi dan feritin serum terhadap pertumbuhan fisik pasien thalassemia β-mayor.Metode. Penelitian berupa analitik observasional potong lintang, menganalisis pengaruh kadar Hb pre-transfusi dan feritin serum terhadap parameter (perawakan pendek dan sangat pendek, gizi kurang dan buruk, usia tulang yang terlambat). Dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2017 pada pasien thalassemia β-mayor yang berobat ke Thalassemia-Centre RSUD Pekanbaru.Hasil. Subjek 41 orang, rentang usia 18-204 bulan. Jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak daripada perempuan (53,7% vs 46,3%). 40% subjek mengalami retardasi pertumbuhan. Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kadar Hb pre-transfusi dengan Z-score TB/U (r=0,507, p=0,001) dan LILA/U (r=0,467, p=0,02). Hb pre-transfusi berpengaruh terhadap interpretasi duduk/umur (p=0,007, IK95%: -1,5 - -0,3), subischial leg length/umur (p=0,002), tetapi tidak pada interpretasi rasio segmen atas/bawah dan usia tulang. Hasil berbeda pada kadar feritin yang tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap semua variabel.Kesimpulan. Terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar Hb pre-transfusi dengan parameter penelitian serta tidak terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna secara statistik antara kadar feritin serum dengan parameter tersebut.
Effect of different impression methods and ceramic materials on adaptation of inlays
Authors: Rippe Marília Pivetta , Guerra Elen , Coelho Arianne Vallim Pinto , Anami Lilian Costa , Marinho Renata Marques de Melo , Bottino Marco Antonio , Valandro Luiz Felipe
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of inlays fabricated from different types of impressions (conventional and digital) and different ceramics (feldspathic and lithium disilicate). Material and Methods: Forty premolars were prepared for all-ceramic inlay restoration and assigned to 4 groups (n=10), according to the impression method (conventional with addition silicone and digital impressions) and ceramic type (lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramic blocks). For each type of impression, 10 inlays were fabricated from lithium disilicate blocks and the other 10 from feldspathic ceramic blocks, by means of the CAD-CAM system. The internal adaptation was analyzed by replica. The marginal fit was analyzed under a stereomicroscope by directly measuring the gap formed between the inlay and the tooth in the proximal and occlusal regions. Results: The marginal or internal adaptations were not affected by type of impression (conventional = digital impression), irrespective of the ceramic type. Only the internal adaptation was affected by material, i.e., feldspathic ceramic had lower values than disilicate ceramic, when considering the digital impression. Conclusion: The conventional and digital impressions promote similar marginal and internal adaptation of tested feldspathic and disilicate ceramic inlays. For digital impression the feldspathic ceramic showed better internal adaptation than lithium disilicate. KeywordsCeramics; Dental internal adaptation; Dental marginal adaptation; Dental impression technique.
Multidisciplinary treatment: association among orthodontics, implantodontia and prosthetics. Case report
Authors: Pedroso Juliana de Fátima , Lima Dimas Renó de , Lima Fernando Renó de , Pazinatto Renato
Published: August 2018

Deficiencies in the alveolar ridge, dental migration and malocclusion are conditions that may hamper restorative treatment and thus must be resolved by taking a multidisciplinary approach. This clinical case report is associated with orthodontics, implantology and prostheses for rehabilitation. A 34-year-old male patient presented himself in a private practice complaining of aesthetics and discomfort when chewing. At the clinical examination, teeth numbers 11, 12, 21, 22 and 25 were absent, with a removable partial denture replacing them. Due to the prolonged use of this prosthesis, wear of the artificial teeth and the extrusion of the anterior inferior teeth were present. A depression was also present in the vestibular region of the upper incisors, which did not provide adequate lip support. The tomographic examination revealed that despite the deficiency of the vestibular-lingual bone volume, the remnant in this region allowed for the implantation of implants. Orthodontic treatment was performed for the intrusion of the inferior elements and the alignment of the arches, with the goal of providing more spaces for rehabilitation. Afterward, the patient underwent surgery to install implants in the 11, 21 and 25 regions, concomitantly with bone regeneration in the vestibular region of the upper incisors. During this time, the patient used a new removable partial denture. After eight months, the prosthetic phase was started. Ten years after the end of treatment, the patient is satisfied with the results and performs maintenance every six months.KeywordsTooth movement techniques; Dental implants; Bone transplantation; Dental prosthesis.
Effect of thermocycling aging on the flexural strength of feldspathic ceramic
Authors: Carvalho Ronaldo Lúís Almeida de , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu , Bresciani Eduardo , Valera Márcia Carneiro , Melo Renata Marques
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aging through different thermocycling protocols on the flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic. Material and Methods: Fifty ceramic bars, Vitablock Mark II (VITA), with dimensions of 18X4X2mm were prepared. The bars were randomly distributed to the groups (n = 10), which were defined according to the number of thermal cycles (TCy): G0 - no TCy; G500 - 500 cycles of TCy; G6000 - 6000 TCy; G10000 - 10000 TCy; G15000 - 15000 TCy. After aging, the specimens were subjected to the three point bending test in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 1000), under 0.5mm/min speed and loading of 50kgf, until catastrophic failure. A sample of each group was evaluated for topographic morphology under Scanning Electron Microscopy. Results: For mechanical testing, the following mean values and standard deviation (MPa) were obtained: G0 (99.78 ± 5.07); G500 (101.64 ± 5.59); G6000 (98.13 ± 4.95); G10000 (91.77 ± 9.68); G15000 (101.51 ± 4.22). An analysis of variance by regression equation (p = 0.387) was performed, demonstrating a weak and non-significant correlation between flexural strength and number of thermal cycles. Conclusion: It can be concluded that aging in water solely by different numbers of temperature cycles did not influence on the flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic. Keywords Material resistance; Aging; Ceramics.
Imperfect osteogenese: child case report
Authors: Féres Eduarda Gallito , Tostes Mônica Almeida , Cancio Viviane
Published: August 2018

Osteogenesis Imperfecta leads to alterations in type 1 collagen fiber, apart from causing bone fracture, blue sclera and other related deformities. As few medical records are available in the field of dentistry regarding these alterations, having a better understanding of this medical disorder and its dental management has become a matter of extreme relevance if one is to provide adequate treatment for patients suffering from this medical condition. This paper reports the case of a 2-year old patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta who received treatment as part of the Acolher Project – PNE run by the Federal Fluminense University in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Mineral exchange between dentin pre-tretament with Dolomite powder on demineralized dentin in deciduous molars
Authors: Dias Gisele Fernandes , Alves Fabiana B. T. , Samways Daphynne M , Santos Fabio André dos
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in microhardness and mineral profiles in sound and demineralized dentin of primary molars after treatment with powdered dolomite (DMT) followed by glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. 32 decidous molars were selected and randomly assigned to four groups according to dentin pre-treatment and dentin condition. Class I cavities were prepared in 32 decidous molars, equally divided into groups G1 (sound dentin) and   G2 (demineralized dentin). This in vitro study examined the mechanical and chemical exchange under two conditions: sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling) to simulate the mineral loss occurs for the caries lesion.The 16-tooth (G1DMT, G2DMT) received first topical application of DMT and restoration of high viscosity GIC. The 16 teeth assigned to the groups (G1 and G2) were restored only with GIC. The specimens were sliced and prepared for Knoop hardness test (KHN), Micro Raman and FEG microhardness analysis. The statiscal analysis used ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test at a significance level of 5%. Micro Raman and FEG data were qualitatively described. DMT associated with GIC resulted incresead microhardness values of the demineralized dentin substrate, with positive repercussions of the chemical-mechanical properties of the dentin demineralized.Keywords Dental caries; Dentin; Glass ionomer cement.
Clinical performance of class I occlusal composite resin restorations: a multicenter double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: De Veras Bruno Mendonça Lucena , Menezes Geórgia Pires dos Santos , Barros Hugo Leonardo Mendes , Rocha Marcelya Chrystian Moura , Monteiro Aditonio de Carvalho , Pedrosa Marlus da Silva , Pompeu José Guilherme Férrer , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo , Da Silva Cláudio Heliomar Vicente
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the 6-month clinical performance of class I occlusal composite resin restorations through a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Material e Métodos: Two hundred and eighty class I occlusal restorations were performed in 70 patients (aged between 17 to 50 years).  The restorations were divided into four groups: G1 (Filtek P60/3M ESPE); G2 (Rok/SDI); G3 (Filtek™ P90/3M ESPE); G4 (Evolux/Dentsply). Two pre-calibrated dental practitioners performed and evaluated the restorative procedures regarding to color match, marginal discoloration, recurrent caries, wear (anatomic form) and marginal integrity according to the USPHS criteria. Resultados: In 85.8% of the evaluated restorations was observed the ideal score (A) for color match; 91.4% for marginal discoloration; 100% for recurrent caries; 87.7% for wear (anatomic form) and 99.3% for marginal integrity. Conclusion: The composite resins used in this study presented satisfactory and similar clinical performance in a 6-month clinical evaluation.KeywordsDentistry; Composite resins; Permanent dental restoration; Molar; Bicuspid.
China: a country to be discovered
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Lima
Published: August 2018

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Music Theory, Mathematics, and Patterns of Innovation in the Saṅgītaratnākara
Authors: Petrocchi Alessandra
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates the relationship between textuality and mathematics in the Saṅgītaratnākara, a Sanskrit work on music composed in the thirteenth century by Śārṅgadeva. Within the traditional Sanskrit knowledge system on musicology, the Saṅgītaratnākara can be regarded as a seminal work, given the commentaries it has inspired and the innovative features it contains. I shall explore some textual aspects which, in Medieval India, have contributed to establish the authority of this text and whose significance can be traced in later works. Among these are types of verbalization and mathematical procedures whose role, I shall argue, is entirely theoretical. In the Saṅgītaratnākara, calculations and diagrams underline an innovative language of musical speculation, as well as the relationship between theory and practice and the shaping influence of other śāstric traditions. The set of conventions which are based on a vocabulary and methods shared with other technical literatures, particularly prosody and mathematics, attests the variety of literary practices introduced by Śārṅgadeva. I shall argue that this text builds up a code whose aim and function are not necessarily musicological in character. Although orality clearly retains its special status as the archetype of learning, Śārṅgadeva’s contribution manifests the autonomy of literature on saṅgīta as an “art” which constitutes an independent sphere of activity, defining its own rules, and adhering to its own criteria of value.
Meanings Out of Rules. Definitions, Functions and Uses of Paribhāṣās in Śrautasūtras, Gṛhyasūtras, Vyākaraṇa, Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta
Authors: Pellegrini Gianni
Published: August 2018

The study of the concept of meta-language, meta-linguistic devices, meta-rules and hermeneutic rules is pivotal to understand the linguistic as well as philosophical development of Indian textual history. While writing their works, the authors recur to linguistic, lexical, stylistic and doctrinal peculiarities. Sometime, in order to facilitate the reading, the authors themselves insert into their treatises some hermeneutical rules concerning concepts and technical terms. When such insertions are not present, it is likely to find signs, suggestions or abbreviations referring to those interpretative tools. All these devices are collectively called paribhāṣās. The word of paribhāṣā variously translated as “meta-rule”, “interpretative-rule”, “hermeneutic-key”, “indication”, “technical definition” has been very scarcely investigated within the history of Indology. This is a proposal of a series of 6 articles, an introduction and a series of abstracts and biodata of the authors.
Entwicklungen in der Darstellung Buddhistischer Erzählstoffe in Sri Lanka
Authors: Koch Rolf Heinrich
Published: August 2018

With this article I would like to draw attention to Buddhist murals in the southwest of Sri Lanka where a spirited artistic scene has developed during the revival of Buddhism (18th century). The artists produced mainly murals which depict the Life of Gautama Buddha (Buddhacarita) and his previous lifes (Jātaka). The construction of these paintings changed dramatically at the end of the 19th century, when the traditional continuing and two-dimensional style was displaced by a central perspective and single framed mode of painting. As an example I introduce an episode from the Ummagga-Jātaka, which is illustrated with all details in four monasteries and thereby covering the various painting styles. To show how closely the artists followed the written sources I provide the corresponding Sinhalese text by contrast with the Pali wording. During that period the knowledge of Sinhala among the members of the Sinhalese elites was at a loss and urban artists had to consult English renderings of Buddhist sources for the proper illustration of particular narratives. Regarding our episode from the Ummagga-Jātaka an essential error has crept into Chalmers English translation which is finally reflected in all murals of the 20th century.
Hell as “Eternal” Punishment? On the Depiction of Hell in Vīlhojī’s Kathā Gyāncarī
Authors: Kempe-Weber Susanne
Published: August 2018

This paper engages with the literature of the Biśnoī Sampradāya, a religious tradition that emerged in the fifteenth century in Rajasthan and traces itself back to the Sant Jāmbhojī. The paper specifically examines a composition of the sixteenth-seventeenth century poet-saint and head of the tradition Vīlhojī. His Kathā Gyāncarī is a unique composition among the corpus of Biśnoi literature with regard to its genre, style and content. The text revolves around the consequences of one’s actions after death, particularly punishment in hell. This paper aims to illustrate that the Kathā Gyāncarī depicts suffering in hell as the eternal consequence of committing sins or crimes, which is unique not only for Biśnoī literature, but for Sant literature in general. It argues that the depiction of hell as eternal punishment was used as a rhetorical strategy at a time the Biśnoī Sampradāya faced intense difficulties. In another vein, this depiction of hell could indicate the Biśnoīs’ close connection to the Indian Shi’a community of the Nizārī Ismā’īlīs. This is reflected not only in the Kathā Gyāncarī’s function of hell as a eternal punishment for disbelievers and sinners, but also in the soteriological role of the teacher or guru as well as in the appearance of various Nizārī figures and motives in the text. In either way picturing hell as eternal suffering serves to amplify the authority of the Biśnoī teachers and the supremacy of the Biśnoī religious doctrine.