bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planned home birth and the association with neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Wasden Shane W. , Chasen Stephen T. , Perlman Jeffrey M. , Illuzzi Jessica L. , Chervenak Frank A. , Grunebaum Amos , Lipkind Heather S.
Published: November 2016

Objective:

To evaluate the association between planned home birth and neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods:

This is a case-control study in which a database of neonates who underwent head cooling for HIE at our institution from 2007 to 2011 was linked to New York City (NYC) vital records. Four normal controls per case were then randomly selected from the birth certificate data after matching for year of birth, geographic location, and gestational age. Demographic and obstetric information was obtained from the vital records for both the cases and controls. Location of birth was analyzed as hospital or out of hospital birth. Details from the out of hospital deliveries were reviewed to determine if the delivery was a planned home birth. Maternal and pregnancy characteristics were examined as covariates and potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of HIE by intended location of delivery.

Results:

Sixty-nine neonates who underwent head cooling for HIE had available vital record data on their births. The 69 cases were matched to 276 normal controls. After adjusting for pregnancy characteristics and mode of delivery, neonates with HIE had a 44.0-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–256.4] odds of having delivered out of hospital, whether unplanned or planned. Infants with HIE had a 21.0-fold (95% CI 1.7–256.4) increase in adjusted odds of having had a planned home birth compared to infants without HIE.

Conclusion:

Out of hospital birth, whether planned home birth or unplanned out of hospital birth, is associated with an increase in the odds of neonatal HIE.
Preparation and evaluation of laboratory quality control materials for the detection of IgG anti-A/B
Authors: Min Zhang , Hui-Xia Lu , Bo Xie , Qi Xin
Published: November 2016

Background:

This research was aimed at preparing laboratory quality control materials for the detection of IgG anti-A/B and evaluating them in preliminary applications.

Methods:

Mixed IgG anti-A and anti-B sera were used as quality controls for measuring IgG anti-A/B titers. The quality control materials were packaged with sodium azide as preservative, and stored at –30°C. Twenty repeated measurements were done in succession. After the quality control values were determined, the quality control materials were used preliminarily. Quality controls and the untested blood samples were assayed at the same time within 6 months.

Results:

The mean IgG anti-A titer of the high-value quality control serum was 1:550 and ranged from 1:225 to 1:1100 for the control. The mean IgG anti-B titer of the high-value quality control serum was 1:269 and ranged from 1:135 to 1:538 for the control. The mean IgG anti-A and B titer of the low-value control serum was 1:32, with a quality control range of 1:16–1:64.

Conclusions:

Laboratory quality control materials in the measurement of IgG anti-A/B titers were developed successfully. Standardization of the assay procedure and quality control survey would be necessary for the accuracy of measurement.
Taxonomic and geographic setting of Royle’s mountain vole Alticola roylei revisited
Authors: Kryštufek Boris , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Gregori Janez , Benda Petr , Hutterer Rainer
Published: November 2016

In the not too distant past the name
A search for extensible low-WAFOM point sets
Authors: Harase Shin
Published: November 2016

Matsumoto, Saito and Matoba recently proposed the Walsh figure of merit (WAFOM),
which is a computable criterion for quasi-Monte Carlo point sets using digital nets.
Several algorithms have been proposed for finding low-WAFOM point sets.
In the existing algorithms, the number of points is fixed in advance,
but extensible point sets are preferred in some applications.
In this paper, we propose a random search algorithm for extensible low-WAFOM point sets.
For this, we introduce a method that uses lookup tables to compute WAFOM faster.
Numerical results show that our extensible low-WAFOM point sets are comparable with Niederreiter–Xing sequences for some low-dimensional and smooth test functions.
Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and Ph nose and salivary: proposal of a simple method outpatient in patients adults
Authors: Caruso Arturo Armone , Del Prete Salvatore , Ferrara Lydia , Serra Raffaele , Telesca Donato Alessandro , Ruggiero Simona , Russo Teresa , Sivero Luigi
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing, in part through easy inspection of the upper digestive tract, but especially for a real spread of the disease as a consequence of modernity, lifestyle, incorrect dietary rules, and stress arising from social norms. It is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in Europe and the United States.

Materials and methods

The aim of our study is to highlight a relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and salivary pH as evidenced by indicator strips, especially in the outpatient field. Twenty adult subjects (10 males and 10 females) aged between 18 and 50 years (GROUP A)_ were selected. How to control a homogeneous group of 20 patients without GERD, or from any type of allergies (GROUP B) was enlisted.

Results

This method has provided excellent results showing no difference in the measured values compared with the traditional instrumental measurement.

Conclusion

Our study has allowed us to observe a strong correlation between the saliva pH, nasal cavities and the interaction between the two districts, and could be the basis for a diagnosis of GERD especially in primary health care clinics and in the initial stage of the disease.
Morbid Obesity: treatment with Bioenterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB), psychological and nursing care: our experience
Authors: Sivero Luigi , Galloro Giuseppe , Ruggiero Simona , Alessandro Telesca Donato , Russo Teresa , Amato Maurizio , Di Palma Immacolata , Iovino Speranza , Amato Bruno , Sivero Stefania , Forestieri Pietro
Published: November 2016

Obesity is considered a chronic disease, difficult to treat, and is the first cause of death in the world that is predictable. The surgical approach is limited to patients with severe obesity but there is an intermediate group who are not candidates for immediate surgery. The BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB) is recommended for weight reduction as a bridge to bariatric surgery.

All patients in the study underwent a psychological evaluation prior to placement of the BIB.
Uncommon primary hydatid cyst occupying the adrenal gland space, treated with laparoscopic surgical approach in an old patient
Authors: Aprea Giovanni , Aloia Sergio , Quarto Gennaro , Furino Ermenegildo , Amato Maurizio , Bianco Tommaso , Di Domenico Lorenza , Rocca Aldo , Maurea Simone , Sivero Luigi
Published: November 2016

Hydatid disease (HD) is caused by Echinococcus Granulosus (EG), which is a larva endemic in many undeveloped areas. The most common target is the liver (59%–75%). The retroperitoneal space is considered as a rare localization. We report an uncommon case of HD located in the adrenal gland space.

Presentation of case. This is a 78-year-old Moroccan woman, with right flank pain for eight months previously. She denied contact with dogs or sheep. Her physical examination was normal. There was no pathological alteration of laboratory exams. CT scan measuring 5 cm without clear signs for a sure diagnosis found a round lesion in the right adrenal gland. An abdominal MRI showed a round mass of 34 x 27 mm with fluid component without a clear plane of dissection from kidney and liver. A laparoscopic procedure was performed to obtain a histological diagnosis. We reached a conclusive diagnosis of Hydatid cyst of right adrenal gland space.

Hydatid cysts often develop in the liver. The location in the adrenal bed is rare without clinical signs related to alteration of the gland’s secretion. Hydatid cyst identification in the adrenal gland space is based on ultrasonography, CT or MRI scans. The differential diagnosis includes various benign and malignant lesions. Laparoscopic procedure is the best approach available to obtain a histological diagnosis and a curative treatment.

The best treatment for HD is the pericystectomy. Laparoscopic surgery can guarantee a radical resection of these lesions when it performed by an expert surgeon.
Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay
Authors: Cortese Antonio , Barbaro Roberto , Troisi Donato , D’Alessio Giuseppe , Amato Maurizio , Lo Giudice Roberto , Paolo Claudio Pier
Published: November 2016

Modern concepts in the world of beauty arise from popular models, beautiful faces of actors document a bi-protrusive asset with high tension for soft tissues. Facial symmetry has been proposed as a marker of development and stability that may be important in human mate choice. For various traits any deviation from perfect symmetry can be considered a reflection of imperfect development. Additionally, bi-protrusive profile is dependent on the hormonal level regardless of male or female sex. The goal of maxillofacial surgery is to provide best results both for aesthetic and functional aspects. Following these new concepts of aesthetic of the face, new surgical procedure by osteodistraction techniques will lead to a very natural result by harmonizing the face also preventing aesthetic decay in aging faces. Ten cases with a feedback on the aesthetic results using the fivepoint scale of Likert after orthognatic surgery performed following distraction new techniques in combination with ancillary surgical procedures.

The aesthetic results in all patients were highly satisfactory. All the patients accepted the new aesthetic of the face avoiding elements of discrepancy and consequently medico-legal problems.
Preoperative high-intensity training in frail old patients undergoing pulmonary resection for NSCLC
Authors: Salvi Rosario , Meoli Ilernando , Cennamo Antonio , Perrotta Fabio , Saverio Cerqua Francesco , Montesano Raffaele , Curcio Carlo , Lassandro Francesco , Stefanelli Francesco , Grella Edoardo , Tafuri Domenico , Mazzarella Gennaro , Bianco Andrea
Published: November 2016

Thoracic surgery remains the better therapeutic option for non-small cell lung cancer patients that are diagnosed in early stage disease. Preoperative lung function assessment includes respiratory function tests (RFT) and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Vo2 peak, FEV1 and DLCO as well as recognition of performance status, presence of co-morbidities, frailty indexes, and age predict the potential impact of surgical resection on patient health status and survival risk. In this study we have retrospectively assessed the benefit of a high-intensity preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) in 14 patients with underlying lung function impairment prior to surgery. Amongst these, three patients candidate to surgical resection exhibited severe functional impairment associated with high score of frailty according CHS and SOF index, resulting in a substantial mortality risk.

Our observations indicate that PRP appear to reduce the mortality and morbidity risk in frail patients with concurrent lung function impairment undergoing thoracic surgery. PRP produced improvement of VO2 peak degree and pulmonary function resulting in reduced postoperative complications in high-risk patients from our cases. Our results indicate that a preoperative training program may improve postoperative clinical outcomes in fraillung cancer patients with impaired lung function prior to surgical resection.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis in the elderly patients
Authors: Mazzella Antonio , Santagata Mario , Cecere Atirge , La Mart Ettore , Fiorelli Alfonso , Tartaro Gianpaolo , Tafuri Domenico , Testa Domenico , Grella Edoardo , Perrotta Fabio , Bianco Andrea , Mazzarella Gennaro , Santini Mario
Published: November 2016

Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis (DNM) is a polymicrobic, dangerous and often fatal process, arising from head or neck infections and spreading along the deep fascial cervical planes, descending into the mediastinum. It can rapidly progress to sepsis and can frequently lead to death. It has a high mortality rate, up to 40% in the different series, as described in the literature. Surgical and therapeutic management has been discussed for long time especially in an elderly patient population. The literature has been reviewed in order to evaluate different pathogenesis and evolution and to recognise a correct therapeutic management.
Prophylactic GSV surgery in elderly candidates for hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Quarto Gennaro , Amato Bruno , Benassai Giacomo , Apperti Marco , Sellitti Antonio , Sivero Luigi , Furino Ermenegildo
Published: November 2016

Aging is one of the major risk factors for varicose veins. The same is for Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis. Most of the patients undergoing to Hip (THA) or Knee (TKA) arthroplasty are over sixteen. Varicose veins, excluding thrombophilia, are the most significant risk factors for VTE after THA and TKA.

This study investigates on the usefulness of prophylactic treatment of GSV insufficiency in elderly patients undergoing to orthopedic surgery.

A retrospective study enrolling 44 over-sixty five patients, undergoing to TKA or THA. 24 patients underwent to traditional surgery and 20 to EVLA.

The presence of evident varicosities and/or a saphenic reflux lasting > 500 ms has been considered as operability criterion. Both in surgery and EVLA group has been performed the ablation of visible varicosities and only saphenic refluxing traits.

Results: 1 case of symptomatic DVT was recorded after arthroplasty. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) of recovery time between surgery and EVLA groups has been detected. There is not a statistically significant difference in long-term recurrence rate between surgery and EVLA.

Conclusions: It is useful to program GSV surgery, before treat hip or knee. This study showed a 50% decrease in the incidence of postoperative DVT.
Predictive Policing / Predictive Policing
Authors: Belina Bernd
Published: November 2016

Die Vorhersage von Kriminalität in Raum und Zeit im Predictive Policing stellt eine methoden- und technologiegetriebene Innovation dar, die in kriminologischer Theorie und Kriminalpolitik die Sozialphysik des 19. Jahrhunderts für den aktuellen Kontext von Big Data aktualisiert. Auf Basis einer Analyse der kriminologischen Denkweise in aktuellen Forschungspublikationen zu Crime Predictions aus dem angloamerikanischen Raum, die die Grundlage des Predictive Policing bilden, wird gezeigt, wie damit eine dreifache Abstraktion von gesellschaftlichen Strukturen, Subjektivierungen und politischen Strategien vollzogen wird.
Delinquenzabbruch — Hauptaspekte des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes / Criminal Desistance — Key aspects from the current state of research
Authors: Boers Klaus , Herlth Anna Mareike
Published: November 2016

Die Annahme, dass die meisten Intensivtäter bis ins hohe Erwachsenenalter hinein aktiv bleiben, prägte in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren erneut die kriminologische Verlaufsforschung. Jedoch leiteten die 1993 von Laub und Sampson veröffentlichten Reanalysen der Gluecks- Daten, nach denen auch die meisten persistenten Delinquenzverläufe ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter abgebrochen wurden, einen Paradigmenwechsel ein. Seitdem entwickelte sich der Delinquenzabbruch zu einem zentralen Bereich der kriminologischen Verlaufsforschung, der auch für die Kriminalpraxis sehr bedeutsam wurde. Denn es ist erfolgversprechender, einen künftigen Delinquenzabbruch zu unterstützen, als Ursachen anzugehen, die in der Regel vor dem Beginn der spätestens im Jugendalter einsetzenden Intensivdelinquenz liegen. Die meist empirisch untermauerte Diskussion um die Bedingungen des Delinquenzabbruchs drehte sich zunächst um den Vorrang entweder struktureller (Partnerbeziehungen, Arbeit) oder subjektiver (Wende zu einem konformen Selbstkonzept) Erklärungen. Sie konzentriert sich aktuell auf Konzeptionen, die diese beiden Aspekte integrieren. Neben solchen ätiologischen Ansätzen werden die einen Delinquenzabbruch eher erschwerenden formellen Kontrollinterventionen erst in neuerer Zeit stärker in den Blick genommen.
Was kostet Jugendkriminalität? — Eine Annäherung / The costs of youth crime in Germany — An approximation
Authors: Glaubitz Christoffer , Steglich Frauke , Koch Malte , Klodt Henning , Klatt Thimna , Hausmann Barbara , Bliesener Thomas
Published: November 2016

Die vorliegende Studie liefert erstmalig für Deutschland Kostenschätzungen für die vier jugendtypischen Delikte Raub, schwere oder gefährliche Körperverletzung, Diebstahl und Sachbeschädigung. Die Kosten wurden dabei teils durch Integration bestehender Statistiken und teils auf Basis eigener Daten einem Bottom- up- Ansatz folgend berechnet. Die geschätzten Kosten wurden als Kosten pro Delikt im Hellfeld errechnet und eignen sich somit zur Verwendung in der Evaluationspraxis, sofern auf polizeilich registrierte Straftaten als Erfolgsmaß Bezug genommen wird. Die Berechnung der Kosten erfolgte getrennt für die Kostenblöcke Kriminalitätsvermeidung, Gesundheitsdienstleistungen und Opferentschädigung, Produktivitätsausfall, Sachschaden, polizeiliche Ermittlungskosten, Kosten im Strafverfahren und Sanktionskosten. Im Kontext einer Evaluation kriminalpräventiver Programme wird somit den Durchführenden die Möglichkeit an die Hand gegeben, einzelne Kostenblöcke auszuklammern oder aber auch zu modifizieren. Für einen Raub im Hellfeld belaufen sich die ermittelten Kosten auf 7.558 €, für eine schwere oder gefährliche Körperverletzung auf 4.781 €, für einen Diebstahl auf 1.781 € und für eine Sachbeschädigung auf 1.093 €.
Strafzumessung bei schwerer Kriminalität in China — Eine Urteilsanalyse bei ausgewählten Raubdelikten / Sentencing in cases of serious crime in China — An analysis of robbery cases
Authors: Grundies Volker , Zhao Shuhong
Published: November 2016

Die Sanktionspraxis der mittleren Gerichtsbarkeit in China wird am Beispiel des (schweren) Raubs analysiert. Dabei wird eine hohe Konsistenz zwischen der Dauer der verhängten Freiheitsstrafe und den jeweils im Urteil erwähnten Tatumständen festgestellt (R2 ~ .8). Gleiches gilt für die Wahl des Strafrahmens, wobei allerdings bei sehr schweren Fällen anhand der Tatumstände nur schlecht die Wahl zwischen den Alternativen 10- bis 15- jährige Freiheitsstrafe, lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe und Todesstrafe prognostiziert werden kann. Weiter wurden deutliche regionale Unterschiede in der Sanktionshärte gefunden.
Tatort Gefängnis — Gewaltviktimisierung im Justizvollzug, Bewältigung und Prävention in Theorie und Praxis / Prison Crime — The management and prevention of violent victimization in prison
Authors: Vollbach Alexander
Published: November 2016

Der Beitrag erörtert aktuelle Befunde aus Forschung und Praxis zu (berufs- )typischen Gefährdungen sowie zur Bewältigung von Opfererfahrung im Polizei- und Justizvollzugsdienst. Es werden Risikofaktoren, diesbezügliche Wechselwirkungen auf allen Ebenen sowie eine (dys- )funktionale Organisationskultur und Führungsverantwortung thematisiert, die im Rahmen einer Fachveranstaltung in der JVA Bremen erörtert wurden. Es wird weitere Praxisforschung benötigt, um das Thema in seiner Gesamtheit zu verstehen und dadurch erklären zu können.
Einflussfaktoren des politischen Extremismus im Jugendalter — Rechtsextremismus, Linksextremismus und islamischer Extremismus im Vergleich / Influencing Factors of Political Extremism in Adolescence — Right-Wing Extremism, Left-Wing Extremism and Islamic Extremism Compared
Authors: Baier Dirk , Manzoni Patrik , Bergmann Marie Christine
Published: November 2016

In diesem Beitrag werden Einflussfaktoren von drei Formen des politischen Extremismus untersucht. Die Einflussfaktoren werden aus der Desintegrations-, Bindungs- und Selbstkontrolltheorie abgeleitet. Die Prüfung erfolgt anhand einer umfangreichen Befragung von Jugendlichen der neunten Jahrgangsstufe, die im Jahr 2013 in Niedersachsen durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein kleiner Teil der Jugendlichen extreme Einstellungen befürwortet bzw. extremes Verhalten ausführt. Extremismusübergreifend erweisen sich »institutionelle Desintegration« in Form einer als negativ wahrgenommenen Behandlung durch die Polizei, »belief« in Form der eigenen Gesetzestreue und »Risikosuche« als eine Dimension der niedrigen Selbstkontrolle als wichtige Einflussfaktoren. Mit Blick auf den islamischen Extremismus, der aufgrund der Datenlage als Deutschenfeindlichkeit operationalisiert wird, werden zusätzlich spezifische Einflussfaktoren identifiziert (strukturelle Desintegration, Vereinszugehörigkeit und schulische Erfahrungen).
Rurale Kriminalität in Entwicklungsländern / Rural Crime in Developing Countries
Authors: Neubacher Frank , Grote Ulrike
Published: November 2016

Über Kriminalität in Entwicklungsländern weiß die Kriminologie sehr wenig; insbesondere was den ländlichen Raum betrifft. Ausgehend von der Studie von Clinard & Abbott von 1973 gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand und die offenen Fragen. Eingehend erörtert werden u.a. die Unzuverlässigkeit offizieller Statistiken, Befunde des International Crime Victims Survey sowie theoretische Zusammenhänge zwischen Kriminalität und Entwicklung. Außerdem werden die potenziellen Konturen künftiger Forschung aufgezeichnet.
Legalbewährung von Frauen — Befunde einer Untersuchung im niedersächsischen Frauenvollzug / Recidivism of female prisoners — Findings of a study in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Prätor Susann , Suhling Stefan
Published: November 2016

Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der in Deutschland bislang wenig erforschten Frage nach dem Ausmaß der Legalbewährung ehemals inhaftierter Frauen und den Bedingungs- und Risikofaktoren der Rückfälligkeit. Hierzu werden Daten von allen im Jahr 2004 inhaftierten Frauen in Niedersachsen herangezogen, für die Justizvollzugsbedienstete sowohl zum Beginn als auch zum Ende der Inhaftierung Informationen zur Lebenssituation und zum Vollzugsverlauf erhoben haben (N = 294). Ergänzend wurden Daten des Bundeszentralregisters verwendet, um Aussagen zur Häufigkeit und Geschwindigkeit des Rückfalls ehemals inhaftierter Frauen sowie zu Risikofaktoren der Rückfälligkeit treffen zu können.
Dunkelfeld und Anzeigeverhalten bei Delikten gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung — Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur Erforschung von Anzeigemotivation und Anzeigeverhalten bei sexueller Nötigung und Vergewaltigung / Complaint behaviour in the field of sexual offences — An examination of motivations for and against reporting sexual assault and rape
Authors: Seifarth Sarah , Ludwig Heike
Published: November 2016

Hinsichtlich von Straftaten gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung ist die Aussagekraft der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik deutlich eingeschränkt, da ein hohes Dunkelfeld besteht. Deshalb wurde mithilfe einer quantitativen Online-Befragung aller Studierenden der Fachhochschule Erfurt (N = 3.769) eine empirische Dunkelfelduntersuchung im Kriminalitätsbereich der Sexualdelikte vorgenommen. Wesentliche Zielsetzung war es, Aussagen über Häufigkeit und Erscheinungsformen der sexuellen Viktimisierung sowie Gründe für oder gegen eine Anzeige von sexueller Nötigung und Vergewaltigung zu gewinnen. Da keines der Opfer eine Anzeige erstattete, liegen alle sexualstrafrechtlich relevanten Delikte (8,7 %, n = 46) im Dunkelfeld. Obwohl die Gründe gegen eine Anzeige vielfältig und individuell sind, konnten mittels Faktorenanalyse drei Hauptgründe für die Nichtanzeige bei sexueller Nötigung und Vergewaltigung herausgestellt werden. Dies sind die Angst vor sekundärer Viktimisierung, strafverfahrensbezogene Befürchtungen und emotionale Belastung sowie mangelndes Vertrauen in das Justizsystem. Eine Anzeigepflicht durch professionelle Beratungsstellen wird aufgrund dieser Befürchtungen von Opfern sexueller Nötigung und Vergewaltigung nicht befürwortet. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass Opfer von sexueller Nötigung und Vergewaltigung eine höhere allgemeine und deliktspezifische Kriminalitätsfurcht aufweisen als Nichtbetroffene. Vor allem bei kognitiven Komponenten der deliktspezifischen Kriminalitätsfurcht besteht ein deutlicher Zusammenhang.
Effect algebras with a full set of states
Authors: Chajda Ivan
Published: November 2016

It is shown that every effect algebra with a full set of states can be represented as a so-called numerical algebra introduced in the paper. For numerical algebras there are introduced tense operators which indicate dynamical changes of quantum events depending on variability of states. These operators enable to recognize an effect algebra with a full set of states as a temporal logic where events are quantified by these tense operators. The problem of representation of tense operators on a given numerical algebra is solved.
On properties of the free BCI-algebra with one generator
Authors: Haviar Alfonz , Konôpka Pavol
Published: November 2016

In this paper we show that the free BCI-algebra with one generator has an infinite number of branches and that every branch (as a poset) has the least and the greatest element and is of infinite length and width.
On the subordination and superordination of strongly starlike functions
Authors: Ebadian Ali , Sokół Janusz
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we prove a general result that can be a sufficient condition for f to be in the some subclass of strongly starlike functions. Also, the related sandwich-type results are given.
Potential uses of Numerical Simulation for the Modelling of Civil Conflict
Authors: Burton Lucy , Johnson Shane D. , Braithwaite Alex
Published: November 2016

This paper explores ways in which civil conflict can be simulated using numerical methods. A general two-party model of conflict is developed by extending an approach proposed by [Christia, F., (2012), Alliance Formation in Civil Wars, Cambridge University Press, New York], which is based on a metric of the ‘relative power’ that exists between the state and a rebel group. Various definitions of relative power are considered and one of these is chosen to illustrate different types of two-sided armed conflict, namely direct-fire, guerrilla and asymmetric warfare. The additional suggestion of Christia that random or stochastic events can lead to unexpected conflict outcomes is also further extended in this paper. The inclusion in the model of terms describing concurrent rebel recruitment of civilians and state deployment of troops are then described. Examples are presented for various hypothetical cases. It is demonstrated that numerical simulation techniques have great potential for modelling civil war. The Christia approach is shown to provide an excellent basis from which numerical models of civil conflict can be built and from which the progress of a conflict can usefully be visualised graphically.
High-pressure synthesis and crystal structure of In3B5O12
Authors: Vitzthum Daniela , Schauperl Michael , Liedl Klaus R. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: November 2016

Orthorhombic In3B5O12 was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 12.2 GPa and 1500°C. Its structure is isotypic to the rare earth analogs RE
3B5O12 (RE=Sc, Er–Lu). In the field of indium borate chemistry, In3B5O12 is the third known ternary indium borate besides InBO3 and InB5O9. The crystal structure of In3B5O12 has been determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmna with the lattice parameters a=12.570(2), b=4.5141(4), c=12.397(2) Å, and V=703.4(2) Å3. IR and Raman bands of In3B5O12 were theoretically determined and assigned to experimentally recorded spectra.
Entropy-Controlled Cu(II)-Catalyzed Oxidation of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine by Methylene Blue in Acidic Medium
Authors: Sharma Ranjana , Pal Mahender , Mishra K.K.
Published: November 2016

Kinetics of the oxidation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) by methylene blue (MB) catalyzed by Cu(II) have been investigated in presence of HCl. The reaction follows a first order kinetics in MB while the concentration order in NAC is zero. Hydrogen ions retard the rate of reaction. The reaction involves the participation of nanoparticles as revealed by SEM, XRD and FTIR techniques and a gel-like Cu-NAC network acts like the effective catalyst. The reaction conforms to Eley-Rideal mechanism at lower [NAC] while at higher [NAC], the kinetics are explained by extended Eley-Rideal mechanism. The reaction is regulated by the size and morphology of the nanoparticles and is controlled by the entropy of activation.
Prednisolone is associated with a worse lipid profile than hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Quinkler Marcus , Ekman Bertil , Marelli Claudio , Uddin Sharif , Zelissen Pierre , Murray Robert D , _ _
Published: November 2016

Objective

Prednisolone is used as glucocorticoid replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency (AI). Recent data indicate that its use in AI is associated with low bone mineral density. Data on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with AI treated with prednisolone are scarce, despite this condition being the predominant cause of excess mortality. We aimed to address this question using real-world data from the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry (EU-AIR).

Design/methods

EU-AIR, comprising of 19 centres across Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK, commenced enrolling patients with AI in August 2012. Patients receiving prednisolone (3–6 mg/day, n = 50) or hydrocortisone (15–30 mg/day, n = 909) were identified and grouped at a ratio of 1:3 (prednisolone:hydrocortisone) by matching for gender, age, duration and type of disease. Data from baseline and follow-up visits were analysed. Data from patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded.

Results

Significantly higher mean ± s.d. total (6.3 ± 1.6 vs 5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L; P = 0.003) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (3.9 ± 1.4 vs 3.2 ± 1.0 mmol/L; P = 0.013) were identified in 47 patients on prednisolone vs 141 receiving hydrocortisone at baseline and at follow-up (P = 0.005 and P = 0.006, respectively). HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference were not significantly different.

Conclusions

This is the first matched analysis of its kind. Significantly higher LDL levels in patients receiving prednisolone relative to hydrocortisone could predict a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease in the former group.
Glial cells and energy balance
Authors: Argente-Arizón Pilar , Guerra-Cantera Santiago , Garcia-Segura Luis Miguel , Argente Jesús , Chowen Julie A
Published: November 2016

The search for new strategies and drugs to abate the current obesity epidemic has led to the intensification of research aimed at understanding the neuroendocrine control of appetite and energy expenditure. This intensified investigation of metabolic control has also included the study of how glial cells participate in this process. Glia, the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, perform a wide spectrum of functions and are vital for the correct functioning of neurons and neuronal circuits. Current evidence indicates that hypothalamic glia, in particular astrocytes, tanycytes and microglia, are involved in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of appetite and metabolic control, at least in part by regulating the signals reaching metabolic neuronal circuits. Glia transport nutrients, hormones and neurotransmitters; they secrete growth factors, hormones, cytokines and gliotransmitters and are a source of neuroprogenitor cells. These functions are regulated, as glia also respond to numerous hormones and nutrients, with the lack of specific hormonal signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes disrupting metabolic homeostasis. Here, we review some of the more recent advances in the role of glial cells in metabolic control, with a special emphasis on the differences between glial cell responses in males and females.
BMP4 promotes mouse iPS cell differentiation to male germ cells via Smad1/5, Gata4, Id1 and Id2
Authors: Yang Shi , Yuan Qingqing , Niu Minghui , Hou Jingmei , Zhu Zijue , Sun Min , Li Zheng , He Zuping
Published: November 2016

Generation of male germ cells from pluripotent cells could provide male gametes for treating male infertility and offer an ideal model for unveiling molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis. However, the influence and exact molecular mechanisms, especially downstream effectors of BMP4 signaling pathways, in male germ cell differentiation of the induce pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, remain unknown. This study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of BMP4 signaling in the differentiation of mouse iPS cells to male germ cells. Embryoid body (EB) formation and recombinant BMP4 or Noggin were utilized to evaluate the effect of BMP4 on male germ cell generation from mouse iPS cells. Germ cell-specific genes and proteins as well as the downstream effectors of BMP4 signaling pathway were assessed using real-time PCR and Western blots. We found that BMP4 ligand and its multiple receptors, including BMPR1a, BMPR1b and BMPR2, were expressed in mouse iPS cells. Real-time PCR and Western blots revealed that BMP4 could upregulate the levels of genes and proteins for germ cell markers in iPS cells-derived EBs, whereas Noggin decreased their expression in these cells. Moreover, Smad1/5 phosphorylation, Gata4 transcription and the transcripts of Id1 and Id2 were enhanced by BMP4 but decreased when exposed to Noggin. Collectively, these results suggest that BMP4 promotes the generation of male germ cells from iPS cells via Smad1/5 pathway and the activation of Gata4, Id1 and Id2. This study thus offers novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying male germ cell development.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENERBITAN SERTIFIKAT HAK KOMUNAL SEBAGAI PELAKSANAAN REFORMA AGRARIA
Authors: Salam Safrin
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The existence of communal rights certificates to ensure legal certainty over customary land tenure by indigenous peoples is agrarian reform through progressive legal breakthrough. But in its development where the certificate of communal rights still need to be revised and adapted the principles of agrarian reform by attention to the rules contained in Law No. 5 of 1960 as the fundamental rules of the land. Communal rights should be conceived as a concept of property rights is not only public but also private nature Abstrak: Keberadaan sertifikat hak komunal untuk menjamin kepastian hukum atas penguasaan tanah adat oleh masyarakat adat merupakan sebuah reforma agraria melalui terobosan hukum yang progresif. Namun dalam perkembangannya keberadaan sertifikat hak komunal masih perlu direvisi dan disesuaikan prinsip-prinsip pembaruan agrarian dengan memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah yang ada dalam Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 sebagai induk dari aturan pertanahan. Hak komunal harus dikonsepsikan sebagai konsep hak milik yang bukan hanya bersifat public tapi juga privat.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.3192
MENJEJAKI AKSES TERHADAP KEADILAN DALAM KONFLIK AGRARIA: STUDI PADA WARGA MORO-MORO REGISTER 45 MESUJI LAMPUNG
Authors: Wahab Oki Hajiansyah , Ridho Muhammad
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Agrarian conflictare inextricably linked to issues of injustice. There is a view that in equality in the agrarian conflicts can and should be resolved through legal measures, which were touted asthe establishmentand enforcement measures. By elaborating the idea of ​​access to justice within the framework of ROLAX and ROLGOM, as well as approach esthatare reviewed by the Theory access Ribot and Peluso, this paper seeks to study how access to justice can be achieve din agrarian conflicts. Of elaboration that access to justice can be the key to recovery in equalityin agrarian conflicts not only depend on the outcome of judicial decision simposing procedural-formal. The approach used is expected to read the constellation of the struggle for justice more broadly than just law enforcement measures and the establishment of formal, ie starting from the flow of benefits as well as the power relations that underliean access, to the quality of the legal system and achieving justice process based on the rule of law. With the scope of the analytical framework and approach, this paper focuses on the theoretical and conceptual depth. However this paperal so gives an over view and attempta simple analysis of the struggle of the Moro-moro citizens Register 45 Mesuji Lampung as acasestudy of the acquisition of access to justicein agrarian conflicts. Abstrak. Ada pandangan bahwa ketidakadilan dalam konflik agraria dapat diselesaikan melalui langkah yuridis sebagai langkah pembentukan dan penegakan hukum. Dengan mengelaborasi gagasan akses terhadap keadilan dalam kerangka Rolax dan Rolgom, serta pendekatan Teori Akses yang ditelaah oleh Ribot dan Peluso, tulisan ini berupaya untuk mempelajari bagaimana akses terhadap keadilan dapat dicapai dalam konflik agraria. Pendekatan yang digunakan diharapkan mampu membaca konstelasi perjuangan akan keadilan secara lebih luas daripada sekadar langkah pembentukan dan penegakan hukum formal, yaitu mulai dari adanya aliran manfaat serta relasi kekuasaan yang  mendasari sebuah akses, sampai kualitas perangkat dan sistem hukum dari prosesmenggapai keadilan berdasarkan prinsip negara hukum. Tulisan ini berfokus pada pendalaman secara teoritis dan konseptualnya, tetapi tulisan ini juga berusaha memberikan gambaran dan analisis sederhana mengenai perjuangan warga Moro-moro Register 45 Mesuji Lampung DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.3599
Penilaian Kinerja Badan Arbitrase Pasar Modal Indonesia Dengan Metode Total Quality Management (TQM)
Authors: Rahmawati Yuke
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The existence and development of the capital markets can not be separated from the tidal existing problems, both managerial and management of transactions related to capital market investment. Infringement cases and disputes that occur are oftenresolved, either through Bapepam LK and through the Indonesian Capital Market Arbitration Board. Fraud risk, interest rate, breach of contract, misappropriation or embezzlement of funds is a problem that often arises in capital market transactions. FSAprovides two authorities on BAPMI, the first; authority is a consumer protection and public capital markets and, secondly; receipt of the notification to the implementation of the Arbitration Award. TQM is used in measuring the performance of BAPMI provide a preliminary picture that its existence can encourage security level of capital market transactions to be better for the development of capital markets in Indonesia.  Abstrak: Keberadaan dan perkembangan pasar modal tidak terlepas dari pasang surut permasalahan yang ada, baik yang bersifat pengelolaan secara manajerial maupun yang terkait dengan berbagai transaksi investasi pasar modal. Kasus pelanggaran dan sengketa yang terjadi seringkali terselesaikan, baik melalui Bapepam LK maupun melalui Badan Arbitrase Pasar Modal Indonesia. Risiko kecurangan, tingkat suku bunga, wanprestasi, penyelewengan dan atau penggelapan dana adalah diantara permasalahan yang sering muncul di dalam transaksi pasar modal. OJK memberikan dua kewenangan pada BAPMI, yakni pertama; kewenangan adalah perlindungan terhadap konsumen pasar modal dan masyarakat dan, kedua; adalah penerimaan notifikasi jika ada pihak dalam sengketa tidak melaksanakan Putusan Arbitrase. TQM yang digunakan peneliti dalam mengukur kinerja BAPMI memberikan gambaran awal bahwa eksistensinya dapat mendorong tingkat keamanan transaksi pasar modal menjadi lebih baik untuk perkembangan pasar modal itu sendiri di Indonesia. DOI : 10.15408/jch.v4i2.3671
Sistem Hirarki Kelembagaan Badan Pengelola Zakat di Indonesia (Tinjauan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2011)
Authors: Mufidah Mufidah
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Government support for the existence and role of zakat management organization indicated by the issuance of legislation on the management of zakat that Act No. 38 of 1999 and the decision of the Minister of Religion No. 581 of 1999 on the implementation of Act No. 38 of 1999 which was amended by Act No. 23 of 2011 concerning the management of zakat. Many  factors of causing non-optimal zakat as legislation, mostly related to the system and institutional factors. In this case, should the government as well as amil zakat organization has a strategic role to establish an institutional system of zakat and charity empowerment and support the establishment of the implementation of the charity as a binding regulation. This can occur if the control system of zakat management organization operating effectively, as well as the existence of legislation on the management of zakat either No. 38 of 1999 and No. 23 of 2011. In other words, the optimization of the implementation of zakat is affected by the system and the effective management of zakat management in addition to firmness of government in enforcing the implementation of zakat either written in the legislation and are implementable in order to achieve good governance zakat (alms good governance).   Abstrak: Dukungan pemerintah terhadap keberadaan dan peran organisasi pengelola zakat ditunjukkan dengan dikeluarkannya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pengelolaan zakat yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 dan keputusan Menteri Agama No. 581 Tahun 1999 tentang Pelaksanaan undang-undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 yang kemudian diperbaharui dengan Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2011 Tentang pengelolaan zakat. Beberapa faktor penyebab belum optimalnya zakat sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan, sebagian besar terkait dengan faktor sistem dan kelembagaan. Dalam hal ini, seharusnya pemerintah serta organisasi pengelola zakat sebagai amil memiliki peran yang sangat strategis untuk membangun sistem kelembagaan zakat serta pemberdayaan zakat dan mendukung tegaknya pelaksanaan zakat sebagai peraturan yang mengikat. Hal ini dapat terjadi jika sistem pengendalian organisasi pengelolaan zakat berjalan dengan efektif, begitu juga keberadaan Undang-undang tentang pengelolaan zakat baik Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 maupun Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 . Dengan kata lain optimalisasi pelaksanaan zakat dipengaruhi oleh sistem dan manajemen pengelolaan zakat yang efektif disamping ketegasan pemerintah dalam menegakkan pelaksanaan zakat baik yang ditulis dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maupun secara implementatif demi terwujudnya tata kelola zakat yang baik (good zakat governance).   DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.3673
Politik Hukum Ratifikasi Konvensi PBB Anti Korupsi di Indonesia
Authors: Abdurofiq Atep
Published: November 2016

Abstact : This study sought to see an international legal ratification of UN conventions in the form of anti-corruption and its impact on the internal environment of a country, especially Indonesia.Corruption is a never-ending problem discussed and resolved. Corruption became the nation's disease because it has been longstanding, massive and systemic. Corruptions become a disaster for the national economy and undermine system of governance. Corruption is not merely the loss of state money, but the impact on poverty and the miserable life of the people. Indonesia considers the UN anti-corruption convention is quite important in the effort to uphold the "good governance" and create a climate conducive to investment. International cooperation is needed to resolve the problem of corruption in order to prevent and eradicate corruption, of course, need to be supported by integrity, accountability, and management of good governance and the nation Indonesia has been active in the international community's efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption to have signed the United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003 (United Nations Convention Against Corruption, 2003). Ratification is an attempt to construct the identity of Indonesia that first acts as a corrupt country into a country that has a desire to create a clean government. Abstrak: Tulisan ini mencoba untuk melihat ratifikasi hukum internasional khususnya konvensi PBB anti korupsi serta dampaknya bagi kondisi dalam negeri sebuah Negara, khususnya Indonesia. Indonesia memandang konvensi PBB anti korupsi cukup penting dalam upaya menegakkan "good governance"dan menciptakan iklim investasi yang kondusif. Kerja sama internasional diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah korupsi ini dalam rangka pencegahan dan pemberantasan tindak korupsi, tentunya perlu didukung oleh integritas, akuntabilitas, dan manajemen pemerintahan yang baik. Indonesia telah ikut aktif dalam upaya masyarakat internasional untuk pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi dengan menandatangani Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Anti Korupsi, 2003. Ratifikasi merupakan upaya konstruksi identitas Indonesia sebagai negara yang korup menjadi negara yang mempunyai keinginan untuk menciptakan pemerintahan yang bersih. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.4099
Strategi Politik-Hukum Meningkatkan Kualitas Kinerja DPR Ri Dalam Produktivitas Legislasi Nasional
Authors: Riswanto Agus
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT: This study examines and learn more on the need to improve the functioning of the House of Representatives (DPR RI) in national legislation. The main problem of the functions of Parliament in every period of the membership of Parliament from 2005-2016 year is the low productivity performance of the Parliament in legislation. This research is a normative law (legal research) or doctrinal explorative research-analysis. The data used is secondary data, in the form of material and the primary law and secondary law. The results showed the main causes of poor quality of legislation the DPR RI because of the extreme multiparty, Parliament favored the performance of supervisory functions in the executive and member of Parliament in the discipline in the use of his time. The legal policy  strategy to improve the productivity of legislation DPR RI is, change the course of politics from the agent/delegete to the trustee, eliminating the function of the fraction DPR RI, balancing the role and function of DPR RI and DPD RI,  accommodate veto the president, increasing public participation, and streamline costs in making law.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji dan mendalami tentang perlunya DPR RI meningkatkan fungsi legislasi nasional.  Problem utama fungsi DPR dalam setiap periode keanggotaan DPR dari tahun 2005-2016 adalah rendahnya kinerja DPR dalam produktivitas legislasi. Penelitian ini merupakan  penelitian hukum normatif (legal research) atau penelitian doktrinal yang bersifat eksploratif-analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, berupa bahan hukum primer dan dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas produk legislasi DPR karena faktor multipartai ekstrim, DPR lebih mengutamakan pada fungsi kinerja pengawasan pada eksekutif dan rendahnya disiplin anggota DPR dalam memanfaatkan waktunya. Adapun strategi politik-hukum untuk meningkatkan kualitas produktifitas legislasi DPR adalah, mengubah haluan politik dari agent/delegete ke trustee, menghilangkan fungsi fraksi di DPR RI, menyeimbangkan peran dan fungsi DPR RI dengan DPD RI, mengakomodasi hak veto pada presiden,  meningkatkan partisipasi publik, dan mengefektifkan biaya dalam pembuatan undang-undang.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.4140
A note on the maximal operators of Vilenkin—Nörlund means with non-increasing coefficients
Authors: Memić N. , Persson L. E. , Tephnadze G.
Published: November 2016

In [14] we investigated some Vilenkin—Nörlund means with non-increasing coefficients. In particular, it was proved that under some special conditions the maximal operators of such summabily methods are bounded from the Hardy space H1/(1+α) to the space weak-L1/(1+α), (0 < α ≦ 1). In this paper we construct a martingale in the space H1/(1+α), which satisfies the conditions considered in [14], and so that the maximal operators of these Vilenkin—Nörlund means with non-increasing coefficients are not bounded from the Hardy space H1/(1+α) to the space L1/(1+α). In particular, this shows that the conditions under which the result in [14] is proved are in a sense sharp. Moreover, as further applications, some well-known and new results are pointed out.