bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy impact analysis of law No. 11 of 2020 on job creation on palm oil export growth in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Perangin-angin H S S , Ritonga A D , Fauzan I , Thamrin H
Published: June 2024

This study seeks to determine the impact of the Job Creation Law policy on palm oil export growth in North Sumatra Province. Palm oil itself is the largest export commodity in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature study method. Data collection techniques through primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results showed that deregulation of barriers regulated by the Job Creation Law can have a positive impact on the growth of Indonesian palm oil exports. The reduction of non-tariff barriers regulated by the Job Creation Law provides an opportunity for North Sumatra Province to increase its palm oil exports. The Indonesian government through the Job Creation Law prioritizes investments that affect the economy rather than justice and the environment. This condition has the potential to increase deforestation and threaten the survival of communities in North Sumatra Province. It is important to reorganize better policies to maintain a balance between the economy and the environment.
Utilization of durian peel waste and young coconut waste into biobriquettes as a renewable energy source
Authors: Herlina N , Rahayu S A , Sari Y A , Monica H
Published: June 2024

The increase in durian fruit production in Indonesia in 2021 by 19.40% and coconut fruit production by 1.47% which will be directly proportional to the increase in durian skin waste and young coconut waste produced. These wastes have not been optimally utilized so that their availability is quite a lot in the environment. Both wastes contain large amounts of cellulose, namely 50%-60%. The cellulose element will affect the carbon value so that with this content, waste and young coconut waste can be utilized as raw materials in making briquettes. This utilization is one of the efforts in utilizing waste into renewable energy sources. This study aims to obtain the best briquette characteristics from a mixture of durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal in accordance with the briquette characteristics in SNI 01-6235-2000, and to determine the economic value of briquettes. This research method was conducted experimentally, by mixing durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal as raw material for briquettes as many as six variations, namely (90% : 10%), (75% : 25%), (60% : 40%), (45% : 55%), (100% durian peel charcoal) and (100% young coconut charcoal). The results showed that sample 3 (60% : 40%) was the best briquette with the highest fix carbon value (72.81%), calorific value (22,124 J/gr or 5,284.23 cal/gr), moisture content (13.83%), volatile content (1.69%), ash content (11.67%) and compressive strength (0.752 kgf/cm2). The SEM test results showed a clean morphological structure of the briquettes with tight voids. The characteristics of biobriquettes produced through six briquette samples meet the standards of volatile content and calorific value of briquettes, and the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and compressive strength do not meet the characteristics of briquettes according to SNI 01-6235-2000.
Hot-pressing effect on the termite durability of sandwich particleboards from Styrax sumatrana and Gigantochloa pruriens
Authors: Iswanto A H , Tarmadi D , Subekti N , Yanti H , Cahyono T D , Syahidah  , Darwis A
Published: June 2024

As a country known for its mega-biodiversity, Indonesia is included in the vulnerable area for wood-destroying organisms, especially termites. Particleboard, as a composite product made of lignocellulosic material, is a product vulnerable to termite attack. One factor that determines the quality of particleboard is the hot-pressing process. Temperature and pressing time are the parameters that play a role in the hot-pressing process. This study aims to analyze the effect of temperature and pressing time on the resistance of boards due to attack by subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Then the samples were fed to subterranean termites regarding SNI 01.7202-2006. Parameters observed included the percentage of termite weight loss and mortality. The results showed that Higher compressive temperatures lead to relatively better resistance, as lower weight loss values indicate. The boards produced from the hot-pressing process at 160°C for 10 minutes had the lowest weight loss value due to termite attack.
Community perceptions of the importance of land use types in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area
Authors: Affandi O , Batubara R
Published: June 2024

The Bukit Barisan Forest Park (Tahura Bukit Barisan) is a protected forest area located in North Sumatra Province. It has enormous biodiversity potential in both flora and fauna. The dependence of local communities on forests and forest products from it is very high. This study aimed to find out the community perception of the importance of forest and land use and to know kinds of natural resources existed in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area, especially in Doulu Village, Brastagi Subdistrict and Jaranguda Village, Merdeka Subdistrict, Karo Regency. Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment (MLA) method, a combination between Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) was used in this research. The results showed, the first is that “village” is the most important of land use types (for men and women) who has score 31.5 points (men) and 33.6 points (women). Villages are the first most important land use type because they are the economic, cultural, educational and social centres. Furthermore, forests are the second most important land type because they provide a place for people to obtain their daily needs by hunting, collecting non-timber forest products, and farming. Forests also maintain a water flow and support environmental sustainability.
Analysis of the feasibility of the Sei Bah Bolon rafting ecotourism object, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Ahmad A G , Purba N J , Harahap M M
Published: June 2024

Ecotourism is an embodiment of tourism activities that are focused on nature conservation, development and social, cultural and economic empowerment of the local community in the Sei Bah Bolon Rafting Ecotourism area. In order to optimally develop ecotourism in the region, a strategy for planning, utilization, control, institutional strengthening and community empowerment is needed by taking into account social, economic, ecological principles and involving stakeholders. This study aims to identify potential tourism objects and assess the level of feasibility of developing ecotourism objects for Sei Bah Bolon River Rafting Ecotourism, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data collection during the research was carried out by collecting data by direct observation and interviews. The variables analyzed in this study refer to the ADO-ODTWA Director General PHKA 2003 Guidelines for Analysis of Operational Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions and the Potential Development Strategy with the SWOT Matrix. The potential objects and attractions of the Sei Bah Bolon Rafting Ecotourism get a feasibility level with an index of 88.17% feasible to be developed into ecotourism.
Application of majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit extract to control armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775) infestation in Chinese mustard crops
Authors: Siahaan S I A , Elimasni  , Jumilawaty E
Published: June 2024

Spodoptera litura poses a threat to important crops in Indonesia, leading to productivity failure and economic repercussions. Botanical insecticides have garnered attention in crop cultivation due to their easy applicability and effectiveness against specific pests. In this study, the effectiveness of majapahit (Crescentia cujete), a popular medicinal plant, in reducing S. litura infestation was investigated through in planta test using Chinese mustard (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments of C. cujete fruit extract at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%, each replicated four times. Parameters observed in this study included the growth profile of mustard plants (plant height, number of plants, fresh weight), leaf damage index (LDI), and mortality after application for 30 days after planting. Results revealed a significant concentration-response relationship for both the LDI values and mortality rates. The determination of LC50 for C. cujete fruit extract yielded a value of 29%. The use of C. cujete as an insecticidal agent warrants promotion, and further investigation with a larger sample population and different target crops is necessary in the future.
Density profile and NIRs spectra of boron-densified wood at different compression ratios
Authors: Augustina S , Wahyudi I , Darmawan I W , Malik J , Mangurai S U N M , Nurmadina
Published: June 2024

The present study investigates the effect of pre-treatment and compression ratio (CR) on the enhancement of density in three wood species, specifically nyatoh (Palaquium spp.), pisang putih (Mezzettia spp.) and sepetir (Sindora spp.) cultivated in the North Kalimantan Province. The phenomenon occurred during those treatments was analyzed using X-ray Densitometer and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs). The wood was subjected to a pre-treatment process involving hot immersion within 2 and 5% of boron solutions at 80 °C for 3 hours. Subsequently, a densification process was performed using hot press machine at 30 kg/cm2 of pressure and 160 °C of temperature for 15 minutes with 20% and 40% CR from the initial thickness. The findings indicated a significant increase in density values for densified wood in comparison to untreated wood. The density values for nyatoh, pisang putih, and sepetir exhibited increases of approximately 31.73%, 36.52%, and 35.04%, respectively. The application of a higher CR leads to a more substantial enhancement in wood density, with an increase of approximately 23.08-25.53% and 30.13-47.01% at 20% and 40% of CR, respectively. The density distribution across the thickness exhibited an M-shape gradient, which convinced the surface densification occurred during the process. NIRs spectra absorbance revealed a prominent peak at wavelength 2178 nm for untreated wood, whereas no such peak was observed in the boron-densified wood. This phenomenon associated with the degradation of hemicellulose during the subsequent treatment applied.
Effectiveness of cellulose acetate composite membrane with the addition of zeolite additives to reduce TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor
Authors: Turmuzi M , Khairani C , Rambe D S , Husin A , Nurfahasdi M
Published: June 2024

The need for clean water continues to increase along with population and industrial growth, which causes a water crisis. Quantitatively, peat water has the potential to be managed as a source of clean water using membrane filtration. This study aims to compare the composition of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane in reducing TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor. Cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique using 15 wt.% cellulose acetate (CA), with variations in zeolite concentration (5%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25%), contact time (20, 40 and 60 minutes), the reactor pressure was 1.5 bar, and the TDS concentration in the feed water was 1,201 mg/L. Membrane characterization was done through morphological analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tensile test analysis. Membrane performance is determined through permselectivity and permeability testing. The results showed that the highest flux value was obtained on a 5% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane at the 20th minute, namely 78.8 L/m2.hour. The best composition was obtained on a 25% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane with a tensile strength value of 54.089 MPa and a rejection value of 92%. Morphological characterization showed that the pore size of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane decreased after use because TDS particles covered it.
Karyotipe analysis of the tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona bleeker, 1855) of North Sumatra
Authors: Supriharti D , Tarigan K , Elimasni  , Hannum S
Published: June 2024

The Tiger barb, Puntigrus tetrazona, is an ornamental fish native to Indonesia with a notably striking visual. The research was conducted to perform a karyotype analysis of the Tiger barb chromosomes, including the numbers, sizes, and shapes. The study employed a descriptive approach, by applying 0.007% colchicine for 12 hours. Chromosome preparation was carried out using solid tissue technique, and staining was performed with 5% Giemsa stain. Data analysis was performed using IdeoKar 1.3 software, and the karyotype of the chromosomes was constructed using Adobe Photoshop CS 3. The results of the study showed that the tiger barb had the number of chromosome haploid were 50 with sizes ranging from 1.16 µm to 5.35 µm. The largest value of r was 0.93 and the largest chromosome had a relative length percentage of 5.57. The chromosome shape percentage was 2.54. The highest centromere index obtained 0.47. Furthermore, the study found a TF% value was 40.48%, an Ask% value was 59.51%, an XCI value was 0.38, and an HCL value was 90.08. This research provides an understanding of the karyotype characterization of the tiger barb and an insight for further research in the genetics study of fish.
Floristic composition of kemenyan toba (Styrax sumatrana) in the community forest Aek Nauli Village, Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra
Authors: Rambey R , Nusantary M
Published: June 2024

Kemenyan (Styrax sumatrana) is an local species Tapanuli plant that produces sap with quite high economic value. One of the distribution areas of Styrax sumatrana is Aek Nauli Village, Pullong District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Ecologically, research on Styrax sumatrana in Aek Nauli Village has not been carried out much. This study aims to determine the composition of the vegetation and the association of Styrax sumatrana with other plants in the Community Forest of Aek Nauli Village. The method of data collection is done by using the Nested plot method. The results showed that there were 47 types of vegetation included in the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. At the Styrax sumatrana seedling level, 29 individu were found, 25 individu at the sapling level, 23 individu at the pole level, and 117 individu at the tree level.
Diversity of bivalve and gastropod species in mangrove restoration areas
Authors: Harefa M S , Nasution Z , Tuhono E , Susilowati A , Wulandari W
Published: June 2024

Bivalvia and gastropods are two types of mollusks found in mangrove habitats. This group of mollusks performs a vital function in their environment, including serving as a biofilter and decomposing organic waste. The abundance of bivalves and gastropods in their natural environment is presumed to have been impacted by deforestation and restoration processes in mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, this study was conducted to collect information about the composition and variety of bivalves and gastropods in the mangrove restoration area of Bagan Serdang village in North Sumatra. This research was conducted using the plot method with a plot size of 2m x 2m. Observation plots are created along specified paths with alternate placements. According to the findings, up to 19 types of mollusks were discovered at the study site. This investigation discovered 14 snail species and 10 gastropod families. The other five species are Bivalvia from four different families. M. strigata has the greatest density of 0.26 and the highest relative density of 3.90%. At the study site, the bivalve and gastropod diversity index was moderate (2.127), the evenness index was high (0.722), and the dominance index was low (0.211). It is highly recommended to continue to promote vegetation species at the study location in order to improve bivalves and gastropod species and numbers.
Identification of macrofungal Ganodermataceae in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Nasution V D N , Hartini K S , Ritonga F N , Hafazallah K
Published: June 2024

Fungi are organisms that enrich the diversity of living things in the plant world. Macroscopic fungi significantly affect the forest food web, the survival or germination of saplings, tree growth, and the overall health of the forest. Ganoderma has been widely cultivated in various countries due to its benefits as a medicine which is known to have the ability to treat hypertension, hyperglycemia, acute bronchitis, hepatitis, leukopenia, and arteriosclerosis. Research on mushrooms is still very minimally documented, so this research needs to be done. This study aims to identify the types of macroscopic fungi of the ganodermataceae that exist in Martelu Purba Nature Reserve. This study uses a direct survey method in the field. This method can be done by exploring in an area. Based on the research results, 6 types of macroscopic fungi from the Ganoderma family were obtained, namely Amauroderma rude, Cymatoderma elegans, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma pfeifferi, and Ganoderma boninense. The six types of mushrooms come from 3 genera, namely Amauroderma, Cymatoderma, and Ganoderma. Each type has different morphological characteristics which are the basis for distinguishing them. The potential utilization of Ganoderma has now been widely developed in the medical world
Impact of colony age on Trigona sp. activities in the green zones of Universitas Sumatera Utara Campus
Authors: Siahaan D A S , Alfakih I R , Rahayu S , Sitompul R , Hartanto A
Published: June 2024

Trigona, a stingless bee pollinator, is widely domesticated for plant pollination due to its versatility and adaptability to various environments. This study aimed to assess the suitability of green open spaces in Universitas Sumatera Utara campus as a potential habitat for introducing Trigona sp. and to observe how colony age affects the foraging behavior of worker bees. Bee colonies were introduced into specific areas within the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences garden, positioned at a height of 3.4 meters above ground level. Nine bee hives were strategically placed around the garden for observations in October 2022, focusing on three different colonies based on their ages i.e. 2 m.o (Colony-A), 4 m.o (Colony-B), and 6 m.o (Colony-C). Activities were closely monitored between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, with at least three measurements taken for each 10-minute interval. The results showed variations in foraging activity among colonies in terms of peak hours and the number of worker bees. Colonies aged 4 and 6 months had over 50 foragers, while the 2-month-old colony had fewer. Notably, the 6-month-old colony displayed the highest average number of workers engaged in transporting pollen and resin, particularly at 9:00-10:00 AM. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that light intensity negatively and significantly influenced the number of returning/entering worker bees, while wind velocity posed a negative and significant impact on the number of returning bees carrying resin. This study provides practical implications for the successful integration of Trigona bees into green open spaces, particularly inside campus area.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sugar-free sapodilla jam with yeast extract addition
Authors: Michelle  , Lo D , Indrawanto R
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to develop a sugar-free sapodilla jam incorporated with isomalto-oligosaccharide and different concentrations of yeast extract as humectant and to analyze the physiochemical and sensory characteristics of sugar-free sapodilla jam. Analysis of water activity (Aw), degree of Brix, 72h syneresis, chromaticity, and sensory evaluation was conducted. The increased addition of yeast extract, increase the lumpiness and grittiness of the product, decreases the water activity therefore decreasing the occurred syneresis and increasing the lightness (L*) of the product and simultaneously decreasing the Red (a*) and Yellow (b*) chromaticity. In the hedonic test, using a 7-point scale, 0.2% is more preferred when using yeast extract, while in the JAR test with 5-point scale, the sample with 0.3% yeast extract has fewer penalty in the penalty analysis.
Sensory characteristics of powdered-fiber drinks using CATA (check-all-that-apply) method
Authors: Cicilia  , Ervina E
Published: June 2024

Dietary fiber is crucial in the human diet. This nutrient has been reported to be able to prevent overweight and obesity by improving satiety levels. However, the intake of fiber remains low, and the use of fiber supplementation is recommended. Dietary fiber in the form of powdered drinks has been recently launched and become popular in the market with different types, flavors and brands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of powdered fiber drink products. Six commercial powdered fiber drink samples were selected representing the powdered fiber drink products that are available in the Indonesian market. The sensory characteristic was evaluated using CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) method by 121 consumers (mean age 20.3 ± 3.2-year-old). In addition, consumer acceptability was also measured. The results indicated that the fiber drink samples have different characteristics due to the different flavors. Fruity flavors such as berries, passion fruits, and citrus were preferred as compared to vegetable flavors, and this was significant for aroma liking (p=0.017). Interestingly, the addition of bird nests in the ingredient of the fiber drink did not influence the liking nor the sensory characteristics of the samples. This study can be used to develop a powdered fiber drink product with good acceptability by considering the sensory characteristics.
The effect of temperature and encapsulation on the stability of microalgae pigments
Authors: Widyaningrum D , Sadek N F , Cecilia D , Oktafika R A , Tedjakusuma F
Published: June 2024

Microalgae pigments are gaining interest in food industry applications as food additives by providing color and health benefits such as antioxidant properties. The pigment’s sensitivity to heat, pH, oxygen, and other conditions may reduce or lose its function in food products. Due to the sensitivity and instability of microalgae pigment, strategies are needed to protect and retain pigment from reducing their functions. Thirty-two research papers related to the topic published during 2012-2022 were employed in the review. This review focuses on astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, and β-Carotene from Dunaliella salina, as widely known microalgae pigments. This paper provides information about the effect of temperature during processing and storage on the stability of the pigments. Strategies to improve pigment stability by encapsulation were also discussed. The study concluded that temperature is one of the essential factors that affects microalgae stability. Furthermore, encapsulation may provide a potential solution to protect and maintain the stability of microalgae pigments.
Climate change impact assessment of various wastewater treatment facilities: A case study in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Humaira ANS , Rahmah UA
Published: June 2024

Untreated wastewater discharge poses notable environmental and public health problems, among others the production of CH4, CO2, and N2O gas emissions contributing to climate change phenomenon. The implementation of wastewater treatment facilities can minimize the GHG emissions resulting from the effluent. However, different technologies and systems perform different results. Using the Life Cycle Assessment method of analysis, this study took Bandung City as a case study and selected the seven most common wastewater treatment facilities found in the city. The results showed that individual hybrid systems with the combination of the conventional septic tank, conveyance by septage truck, and sludge treatment in the Septage Treatment Plant (HS1) and individual on-site system with the conventional septic tank (OFS1) produced substantial global warming impact, resulting in 0.78 and 0.71 kg CO2 eq respectively per 1 m3 treated wastewater. This amount was sixfold that of communal on-site systems with biofilter tanks (OFS2) and 2-3 times larger than other remaining systems. On the other side, the system that produced the lowest amount of GHG emissions performed by OFS2 (0.11 kg CO2 eq).
The Effect of Built Environment on Carbon Emission from Travel Behavior in the City center of Surabaya
Authors: Handayeni K D M E , Anindya A I
Published: June 2024

Climate change is currently demanding attention due to global warming caused by increased Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the land transportation sector. The built environment is one of the factors that can influence non-motorized travel and emissions production. The built environment is identified using the 3D component approach (Density, Diversity, Design). The City center of Surabaya area is one of the Central Business Districts (CBDs) that is not exempt from emission issues and has the potential to decrease emissions through environmental arrangement scenarios. This research investigates the correlation between the 3D components and carbon emission production using the method of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. The analysis results show a significant correlation between carbon emission production and the travel behavior of the city center of the Surabaya area community. Travel behavior variables influencing carbon emission production are household income, vehicles ownership, and travel distance. Furthermore, the study results indicate a significant relationship between travel behavior and the 3D components, as well as a significant association between the 3D components and carbon emission production. The 3D components that affect carbon emission production are population density, land use mix index, and pedestrian pathway density.
Towards a liveable city: Measuring the liveability index in Tuban Regency, East Java
Authors: Satiawan P R , Irawan S A R , Zahra S A , Novianti N F , Fatinaufa N , Azizah  , Fatmala E
Published: June 2024

A liveable city is an urban planning concept where the city as a public space focuses on the social life and the entire community. Tuban Regency is one of the regencies in East Java that intends to measure the liveability of its city. For the first experiment, the measurement was conducted before and after the pandemic (2020 to 2023). This research tries to measure the liveability index at the regency level. The measurement uses district data units to measure the regency liveability index achievement in more detail. The result shows that the rural area index is higher than the urban in terms of the environment, food security, housing and settlements, and accessibility/transportation.
Assessing community spirit: The psychosocial impact of major sporting events - A case study of the Jakarta e-Prix
Authors: Navitas P , Harun Ilman , Hidayat R
Published: June 2024

Nations that host mega-events such as the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics reap numerous benefits. Key benefits include economic growth and development. Besides economic benefits, mega-events can benefit society. The Formula E racing series were founded in 2014 to advocate for sustainable practices and renewable energy. Jakarta hosts Formula E to demonstrate its green transformation. Despite increased scholarly interest in mega-events impact, there is little community-level research on mega-events’ social and physical capital impacts. It is crucial to capture and comprehend the enthusiasm and support of local communities to strategically enhance socio-economic systems and infrastructure. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial impact that hosting major sporting events have on the local populace. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that measured community pride and community attachment. This research found that mega sporting events appear to contribute to the development of community pride and community attachment. Furthermore, this study illuminated the benefits and constraints related to using panel surveys for the gathering of qualitative data.
Development of Gresik – Mojokerto Railway Infrastructure to Accelerate Economic Growth in Gerbangkertosusila
Authors: Susanti A , Rosdiana W , Dermawan DA , Widayanti A , Muhtadi A
Published: June 2024

The most important economic area in East Java is the Gerbangkertosusila (GKS) area. The GKS area between Gresik – Mojokerto is not yet connected directly, almost all goods have to go through Surabaya and Sidoarjo first. This results in high logistics costs and long travel times. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method on economic growth factors in the GKS area. The factors considered in economic growth are population, number of people of productive age, number of people who are not yet working, minimum income/month, number of poorer people, percentage of poorer people, length of roads, number of people accessing the internet, number of telecommunication towers, length of roads damaged, investment value, export value, import value, and gross regional domestic product (GRDP). The analytical tool used in the research is a descriptive method to measure and assess the quality of economic growth and changes in regional economic growth factors, assisting strategic planning for the construction of new railway lines as the right solution for developing regional economic growth. Therefore, to accelerate economic growth and reduce logistics costs in the GKS area, a new railway line between Gresik - Mojokerto should be built. If logistics costs are low, it will reduce the price of goods and increase the opportunity to order goods and open up new jobs. If new job opportunities are opened, it will be possible to reduce the number of unemployed people by 375,392 people and the poorer population by 719,944 people. So it is hoped that it will increase economic growth to reach 7%. Only the Gresik and Sidoarjo regions have met this economic growth. Mojokerto’s economic growth is still 5.56% and lags behind other regions. If the construction of the new Gresik – Mojokerto train line is realized, then economic growth in the GKS region of at least 7% will not be difficult to achieve.
Measuring the achievement of the environmental pillar in Sustainable Development Goals – A case study of Tuban Regency, East Java
Authors: Umilia E , Irawan S A R
Published: June 2024

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have become an important concept for urban development. The SDGs contain a set of indicators that are utilized to measure the readiness of the city to attain sustainable living. Despite the presence of detailed and technical indicators, the achievement of those indicators is still challenging. Tuban Regency in Indonesia, for example, has not adopted SDGs into its programs. This paper will measure the achievement of SDGs in Tuban Regency, particularly the environmental indicator pillar which is prone to be deserted in a rapid urban development. The study conducts a secondary data collection and quantitative analysis of the existing documents from each city stakeholder in the regency with. The study findings indicate that only 30.77% of the environmental goals have been attained by the Tuban Regency government, while 41.03% of the goals have not been achieved and 28.21% were not measured. This result indicates that more effort and intervention are believed to be needed to further support the implementation of SDGs.
Assessing Resident Satisfaction in Subsidized Housing in Indonesia: A case study of FLPP subsidized housing in Bekasi Regency
Authors: Lastiur C B , Septanaya I D M F
Published: June 2024

The Housing Financing Liquidity Facility (FLPP) program in Indonesia is designed to provide subsidized housing to Low-Income Communities (LIC) with the overarching goal of fostering homeownership. However, a burgeoning issue has emerged wherein these subsidized residences either remain unoccupied, are leased out, or undergo ownership transfers within a five-year period post-purchase. This research delves into the examination of resident satisfaction within FLPP-subsidized housing, a pivotal determinant potentially influencing residents’ choices to either continue residing or relocate. A survey encompassing 100 respondents was conducted in Bekasi Regency, a selected locale notable for its disproportionately higher concentration of FLPP-subsidized housing units compared to proximate areas surrounding Jakarta. Employing scoring methodologies for data analysis, our empirical findings reveal divergent levels of satisfaction among residents residing in different FLPP-subsidized housing estates in Bekasi Regency, ultimately reflecting an overarching sense of contentment. Nevertheless, certain facets of concern have surfaced, specifically pertaining to housing quality, accessibility, and public transportation. These specific areas assume critical significance, given their potential implications on housing affordability and overall habitability, thereby warranting targeted policy interventions. This study provides valuable insights into the efficacy of subsidized housing initiatives, shedding light on the determinants impacting resident satisfaction and subsequent housing-related decision-making processes.
Level of Climate Change-Related Coastline Change Case Study: East Coast Tourism Area of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Bilhaq M D , Idajati H
Published: June 2024

The effects of climate change are most readily apparent in coastal regions, where rising sea levels have changed the coasts. Since several of the Surabaya Coastal Areas serve as tourist hotspots, this influence could lead to fewer visitors as a result of a decline in environmental quality. This study attempts to quantify the extent of coastal modification brought on by climate change in Surabaya’s popular tourism region along the east coast, Indonesia. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension tool in ArcGis is the technique employed. The information used is satellite picture data collected over a ten-year period. This study’s findings show that the shoreline has changed by 55.08 meters, which is the biggest amount. The subdistricts of Keputih Village, Wonorejo Village, and Medokan Ayu Village have the fastest rate of coastal change.
Image-based discrimination of the early stages of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Hoffman Justin , Zheng Shiyuan , Zhang Huaiying , Murphy Robert F. , Dahl Kris Noel
Published: June 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells, which can be used in cellular and tissue therapeutics. MSCs cell number can be expanded in vitro, but premature differentiation results in reduced cell number and compromised therapeutic efficacies. Current techniques fail to discriminate the “stem-like” population from early stages (12 h) of differentiated MSC population. Here, we imaged nuclear structure and actin architecture using immunofluorescence and used deep learning–based computer vision technology to discriminate the early stages (6–12 h) of MSC differentiation. Convolutional neural network models trained by nucleus and actin images have high accuracy in reporting MSC differentiation; nuclear images alone can identify early stages of differentiation. Concurrently, we show that chromatin fluidity and heterochromatin levels or localization change during early MSC differentiation. This study quantifies changes in cell architecture during early MSC differentiation and describes a novel image-based diagnostic tool that could be widely used in MSC culture, expansion and utilization.
Introduction
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin
Published: June 2024

This chapter does three things. First, it lays out the questions that motivate a book-length treatment of dogwhistles, which range across linguistics and philosophy of language. We then quickly survey the previous literature on dogwhistles in the social science and philosophy of language literatures. Finally, we outline the main proposals of the work, most centrally, that dogwhistle communication primarily concerns social meaning, as understood by the field of quantitative, variationist sociolinguistics first pioneered by Labov (1963). In particular, we argue that dogwhistling arises out conversational agents’ reasoning about social meanings, and especially from conventional associations between linguistic expressions and social personas.
A probabilitic pragmatics for dogwhistles
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin
Published: June 2024

While we propose that dogwhistles involve a kind of meaning mostly novel to formal semantics, namely social meaning, in an ideal situation the pragmatic mechanisms that operate over these meanings will be those same mechanisms involved in reasoning about standard truth-conditional content. This chapter lays the foundation for this kind of unified account of the pragmatics of truth-conditional and social meanings. We do so by introducing the Bayesian Rational Speech Act (RSA) framework (Franke and Degen 2016; Franke and Jager 2016; Goodman and Frank 2016, among others). After reviewing the recent pragmatics literature making use of RSA, we then introduce the reader to so-called Social Meaning Games (SMGs), which are a variety of RSA signaling games introduced by Burnett (2017, 2019) to unify variationalist sociolinguistics and modern game-theoretic pragmatic theory. This game-theoretic approach to sociolinguistic interaction will provide firm ground for building an account of dogwhistles.
Identifying dogwhistles
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin
Published: June 2024

The goal of this chapter is to understand what contextual conditions make so-called ‘identifying’ dogwhistles possible, to understand when it is rational for speakers to use identifying dogwhistles, and to understand what kind of language makes for a good 56identifying dogwhistle. To reach these goals we must go beyond standard sociolinguistic theory in terms of how to think about variants, and also beyond the formal model of variation developed in Burnett 2017, 2019. Interactions involving identifying dogwhistles do not just seem more complicated, but prove to require richer formals systems to model them. By building such a model in this chapter, we will begin to see more clearly the shape of the phenomenon. In particular, we extend Burnett 2017, 2019 and show how dogwhistles arise under various parameter settings of the model.
Enriching dogwhistles
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we turn to another type of dogwhistle, the enriching dogwhistle, where the recognition of the dogwhistle alters the semantic content of the utterance that hosts it. Our aim is to propose an account of dogwhistles of this type. We propose an account on which recognition of speaker persona invites certain kinds of inferences, which result in alterations of the meaning recovered by ‘savvy’ interpreters. Doing so requires some explication of the nature of personas and ideologies, and of the ways in which the recognition of someone’s persona influences our views of the attitudes and beliefs they have. We claim that certain kinds of personas, mainly those 76associated with ideologies and political stances, ‘project’ sets of beliefs and values. Such projections enable certain kinds of invited inferences which, we claim, ground the phenomenon of enriching dogwhistles.
Beyond dogwhistles
Authors: Henderson Robert , McCready Elin
Published: June 2024

This chapter is dedicated to considering some additional phenomena and questions that arise with respect to our analysis of dogwhistles. First, we consider situations in which speakers choose not to dogwhistle, but rather to say objectionable things flat out. We show that these can be given an explanation within our model as certain parameters move toward extreme settings. We then discuss the relationship between personas, perspectives, and standpoints in the sense of standpoint epistemology, which shows some advantages of treating things in this way but also some potential pitfalls. Finally, we consider the scope of our model beyond dogwhistles to other kinds of coded speech and covert communication. We argue that all speech, at some level, is coded speech, and so our theory has applications far beyond dogwhistles; this claim concludes the book.
The Christian Origins of Tolerance
Authors: Atkins Jed W
Published: June 2024

A quintessential liberal value, tolerance, according to a common liberal narrative, addresses the problem of monotheistic religious violence by protecting the individual freedoms of religion and conscience through the separation of church and state and side-lining judgments about the common good. Setting aside this liberal narrative, my book recovers tolerance’s origins in a North African Christian tradition that derives accounts of political judgment and patience within pluralistic communities from theological reflection on God’s roles as a patient father and just judge. By recovering this forgotten tradition, we can better understand and assess the choices made by leading theorists of liberal tolerance and, as a result, think better about how to achieve peaceful coexistence in a world in which many members of the world’s two largest religions, Christianity and Islam, are skeptical of liberalism.
Tertullian and the Freedom of Religion
Authors: Atkins Jed W
Published: June 2024

Chapter 4 turns to the originator of the North African Christian tradition of tolerance, Tertullian. Sometimes called the West’s first major (post-apostolic) Christian theologian, I argue that his Apology should also make him the West’s first political theologian. In this work, Tertullian takes up a problem left for him by Paul’s account of political judgment: if, as Paul argues, conscience provides one reason why Christians should obey political authority, what should Christians do if this authority requires them to act against conscience? Drawing on Roman law (another resource that Paul occasionally used) and the republican view of liberty as non-domination, the Apology offers a profound account of how a political community should accommodate a plurality of religious groups, including dissenting minority groups. The Apology both launches the North African Christian tradition and provides a key building block for later thinkers within this tradition, as they seek to integrate questions about community (space) and their accounts of patience (time).
Tertullian, Cyprian, and the Virtue of Tolerance
Authors: Atkins Jed W
Published: June 2024

Tertullian also inaugurated reflection on patience within the North African Christian tradition in On Patience. Focusing on Tertullian’s account and its appropriation by the third-century bishop Cyprian of Carthage, Chapter 5 examines how the North African Christian tradition develops the idea of tolerance (tolerantia) as a virtue that depends on the beliefs, already present in Paul, that God is a patient father and a just judge. Cyprian’s account of tolerance opens important questions about how we are to understand human and divine judgment; the relationship between tolerance, political justice, and political judgment; and how tolerance as a personal virtue relates to tolerance as a political policy. These questions will be answered more fully by his successors Lactantius and Augustine.
Epilogue
Authors: Atkins Jed W
Published: June 2024

The Epilogue asks how our historical unearthing of the North African Christian tradition of tolerance could impact contemporary political thinking about tolerance by revisiting the choices made by Locke and influential later liberals in light of our reinterpretation of this earlier tradition. Through the case study of Islamic tolerance, we examine some of the implications of decisions by Locke, Rawls, and other prominent liberal theorists for the relationships between liberalism, Christianity, and Islam. Attention given to tolerance’s early history leads to the need for more capacious forms of liberalism and conceptions of tolerance not wedded to the modern, liberal idea of the separation of state and religion. It represents a first step toward acknowledgment by Christians and Muslims, members of the world’s two most populous religions, that they have common resources within their traditions that can lead to peaceful coexistence in an increasingly polarized and violent world.
Addressing causal relationship between drinking behavior and metabolic syndrome: one-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Yang Chuan-Wei , Wei Yu-Syuan , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Lin Cheng-Chieh , Li Tsai-Chung
Published: June 2024

Aims

Alcohol drinking is associated with central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which further causes metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, prior epidemiological studies on such associations lack experimental evidence for a causal relationship. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between drinking behavior and MetS in Taiwan population by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Taiwan Biobank database, which comprised 50 640 Han Chinese who were 30–70 years old without cancer from 2008 to 2020. In MR analysis, we constructed weighted and unweighted genetic risk scores by calculating SNP alleles significantly associated with alcohol drinking. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) by using a two-stage regression model.

Results

A total of 50 640 participants were included with a mean age of 49.5 years (SD: 1.67 years), 36.6% were men. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of MetS per 5% increase in the likelihood of genetic predisposition to drink based on weighted genetic risk score with adjustment was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.12, P < .001). Analysis was also conducted by grouping the likelihood of genetic predisposition to drink based on quartiles with multivariate adjustment. Using Q1 as the reference group, the aORs of MetS for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.19 (1.12, 1.27, p < .001), 1.31 (1.23, 1.40, p < .001), and 1.87 (1.75, 2.00, p < .001), respectively, for the weighted genetic risk score.

Conclusions

This study shows a modest relationship between drinking behavior and MetS by using MR analysis.
On exact randomization-based covariate-adjusted confidence intervals
Authors: Fiksel Jacob
Published: June 2024

Randomization-based inference using the Fisher randomization test allows for the computation of Fisher-exact P-values, making it an attractive option for the analysis of small, randomized experiments with non-normal outcomes. Two common test statistics used to perform Fisher randomization tests are the difference-in-means between the treatment and control groups and the covariate-adjusted version of the difference-in-means using analysis of covariance. Modern computing allows for fast computation of the Fisher-exact P-value, but confidence intervals have typically been obtained by inverting the Fisher randomization test over a range of possible effect sizes. The test inversion procedure is computationally expensive, limiting the usage of randomization-based inference in applied work. A recent paper by Zhu and Liu developed a closed form expression for the randomization-based confidence interval using the difference-in-means statistic. We develop an important extension of Zhu and Liu to obtain a closed form expression for the randomization-based covariate-adjusted confidence interval and give practitioners a sufficiency condition that can be checked using observed data and that guarantees that these confidence intervals have correct coverage. Simulations show that our procedure generates randomization-based covariate-adjusted confidence intervals that are robust to non-normality and that can be calculated in nearly the same time as it takes to calculate the Fisher-exact P-value, thus removing the computational barrier to performing randomization-based inference when adjusting for covariates. We also demonstrate our method on a re-analysis of phase I clinical trial data.