bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumentos jurídicos das Nações Unidas sobre segurança viária na região das Américas
Authors: Maciel Miranda Luiz Otavio , De Paula Silva Ranielle , Pavarino Filho Roberto Victor
Published: December 2024

A Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, por meio da Resolução A/RES/74/299/2020, recomenda que os Estados-Membros se tornem Partes Contratantes por meio de adesão aos seguintes instrumentos jurídicos das Nações Unidas sobre segurança viária: Convenção de Genebra sobre Trânsito Viário de 1949 (1949 CRT); Convenção de Viena sobre Trânsito Viário de 1968 (1968 CRT); Convenção de Viena sobre Sinalização Viária de 1968 (1968 CRSS); Acordos de 1958 e de 1998 sobre Regulamentação Técnica de Veículos (1958 ATVR e 1998 AGTR); Acordo de 1997 sobre Inspeção Técnica Periódica de Veículos (1997 ATIV); e Acordo de 1957 sobre Transporte de Produtos Perigosos (1957 ADR). Na região das Américas, as Partes Contratantes, por instrumento jurídico, são: 1949 CRT: Argentina, Barbados, Canadá, Chile, Cuba, Equador, Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Paraguai, Peru, República Dominicana, Trinidad e Tobago e Venezuela; 1968 CRT: Bahamas, Brasil, Cuba, Guiana, Honduras, Peru e Uruguai; 1968 CRSS: Chile, Cuba e Guiana; 1998 AGTR: Canadá e Estados Unidos. Não foram identificadas Partes Contratantes dos Acordos 1958 ATVR, 1997 ATIV e 1957 ADR. A adesão aos instrumentos jurídicos das Nações Unidas é necessária para promover e facilitar o trânsito rodoviário internacional na região das Américas, contribuindo para a melhoria da segurança viária.
Gestión de la seguridad vial en los Decenios de Acción: meditando el caso de Costa Rica
Authors: Contreras-Montoya Carlos
Published: December 2024

El Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transportes (MOPT) de Costa Rica es una de las entidades con mayor grado de desconcentración administrativa. El MOPT y sus órganos desconcentrados en Consejos definen las políticas y acciones del sector. En este trabajo se analiza la situación del país como firmante de los Decenios de Acción para la Seguridad Vial propuestos por la ONU. Con el objetivo de mostrarlo como ejemplo y discutir su importancia como política de seguridad vial, se describe, analiza y contextualiza el caso de la agencia especializada denominada Consejo de Seguridad Vial (Cosevi), creada en 1979. Se estudian los cambios operados en la definición institucional de la administración y la gestión del organismo. Se analiza cómo esos cambios y la práctica legal administrativa impactan el concepto de institución líder en seguridad vial y su enfoque sistémico, considerando tanto el concepto integral de la acción conjunta de la ingeniería, la fiscalización y la educación vial como los postulados del Primer Decenio en lo que respecta a la gestión, los cuales han quedado desdibujados en el Segundo Decenio. Finalmente, se discute la pertinencia del proyecto de ley n.° 23.114, por ser una propuesta contraria al concepto de gestión mediante la existencia de una agencia líder, y que concentraría las funciones analizadas en el MOPT. También se presenta el panorama estadístico actual y se hacen recomendaciones para la administración vial en general y para la consolidación real del Cosevi en sus componentes operativos y de gestión.
Los congresos latinoamericanos de transporte público y urbano: espacio de contribución teórico-práctica y de intercambios sobre movilidad sostenible y transporte urbano en América Latina 1984-2024
Authors: Ocaña Ortiz Rosa Virginia , Brennan Patricia
Published: December 2024

En abril de 2024, entre el 8 y el 12, se desarrolló en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, el XXII Congreso Latinoamericano de Transporte Público y Urbano (XXII CLATPU). Dada la trayectoria de estos congresos en el ámbito de la movilidad y el transporte urbano en América Latina, la Revista Transporte y Territorio (RTT) invitó a la Fundación Latinoamericana de Transporte Público y Urbano (ALATPU) a preparar el dossier del número 31, dedicado a estos congresos y sus aportes en la investigación y producción teórica y práctica sobre dichos temas.
مشكلة المعايير في أبحاث القيادة: نقطة التقاء من خلال بديل لمراجعة الأدبيات في هذا المجال
Authors: فليت ديفيد فان , روبنستين ديفيد
Published: December 2024

هذا البحث يقدم فهما بديلا لمشكلة المعايير في بحوث القيادة، وذلك من خلال دراسة مستفيضة وحديثة. وقد أعطيت هذه المشكلة تركيزا جديدا حين عولجت من خلال جانبي النجاح والفشل. أن الشكل التصوري الذي يرجع إليه يتمثل في أن القياديين الفعالين هم الذين يريدون ويقومون بتحقيق طموحاتهم في زمن قصير، وينجزون الكثير أو الأفضل، وهم الذين يشجعون الربح المؤثر. هذا الشكل يبين فهما محدودا للقيادة الفعالة، والتي تصبح مقيدة نحو التقدم بعدم توافر فهم أكثر اكتمالا لعملية القيادة المعقدة. وقد قدم هذا البحث عدة اقتراحات للتغلب على هذه المشكلات، إلا أنها ليست بالضرورة اقتراحات سهلة التطبيق أو مقبولة.
العوامل المؤثرة على درجة ممارسة وتقدير أهمية وظائف الأفراد بالمؤسسة: دراسة تطبيقية على مؤسسات الأعمال بدولة الامارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: يوسف درويش عبدالرحمن
Published: December 2024

تناول البحث بالدراسة الميدانية أثر نوع نشاط المؤسسة وحجمها، ووجود أو عدم وجود جهاز مستقل لشؤون الأفراد بها، وعمرها على درجة ممارسة وتقدير أهمية أنشطة الأفراد بالمؤسسة. لقد أظهرت نتائج البحث أن أنشطة الأفراد الروتينية هى الأكثر ممارسة في مؤسسات الأعمال، كما أظهرت أيضا تأثير نوع نشاط المؤسسة وحجمها، ووجود/ عدم وجود جهاز مستقل لشؤون الأفراد بها على درجة ممارسة وعلى درجة تقدير المديرين العامين ومديري الإدارات الأخرى لأهمية عدد محدود من أنشطة الأفراد.
معوقات تصدير المنتجات الخليجية غير النفطية: دراسة تطبيقية على الشركات الصناعية في دول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية
Authors: التركستاني حبيب الله محمد
Published: December 2024

يعتبر نشاط التصدير من أهم الأنشطة التي تنتهجها الشركات الخليجية للتخفيف من الاعتماد على النفط كمصدر وحيد للدخل بالاضافة إلى تطوير وتنمية قطاع الصناعات غير النفطية. ومع تزايد المنافسة العالمية بدأت الشركات الخليجية تواجه بعض التحديات الداخلية والخارجية والرسمية عند ممارستها نشاط التصدير، وأدى ذلك إلى إضعاف القدرات الخليجية على التصدير بصورة متكافئة في الأسواق الخارجية. ومن خلال المسح النظري توصلت الدراسة إلى أن هناك ٢٥ معوقا تسويقيا يمكن أن تتعرض لها الشركات التي تمارس نشاط التصدير. وباختبار تلك المعوقات على الشركات الخليجية المصدرة غير النفطية ميدانيا، وجدت الدراسة أن الشركات الخليجية تتعرض إلى ١٢ معوقا أثناء قيامها بنشاط التصدير، بينما لا تشكل العقبات الأخرى تحديا للشركات الخليجية.
The effectiveness of brain wave synchronization in the theta band on depression and anxiety in opioid-dependent patients
Authors: Yari Oskouei Sahar , Mansouriyeh Nastaran
Published: December 2024

Background: Addiction is one of the most common psychiatric disorders and is closely related to depression and anxiety disorders. The presence of these disorders makes the process of addiction treatment difficult. Binaural beats are the representation and perception of a stimulus that does not exist in the outside world but is the brain’s mental perception error of a virtual third sound, that is, the slight frequency difference between the two sounds. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of brain synchronization using binaural beats in the theta band on depression and anxiety in opioid-dependent patients in Tabriz city. The method of conducting quasi-experimental research with two test and control groups is pretest-posttest. The statistical population was all opioid-dependent people referring to outpatient clinics in Tabriz city. The research sample included 30 opioid-dependent people who completed the informed consent form and Beck’s depression and anxiety questionnaire. The subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and received eight sessions of 7.5 Hz binaural beats, 20 minutes each, by headphones. The questionnaires above were administered again after the completion of the treatment sessions. Findings: This study analyzed the obtained data by ANCOVA using SPSS20 software. The reasult showed binaural beat in Tetha band (7.5 Hz) have a significant effect on depression and anxiety (P=0.000). Conclusion: According to the results, the binaural beats in the theta band reduce anxiety and depression in opioid-dependent patients.
Tobacco Use Patterns Among University Students in Herat, Afghanistan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ewaz Danyal , Rahimi Ali , Shayan Sharareh , Shayan Nasar Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Background: Tobacco use is highly prevalent in Afghanistan, posing a significant challenge among young people, including university students. This study aims to investigate tobacco product usage patterns and associated factors among male students at Herat University, Afghanistan, addressing the critical need for understanding and addressing this public health issue. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted between April and May 2021, 640 male university students were surveyed using interview-based stratified random sampling to assess cigarette, smokeless tobacco (ST), hookah, and e-cigarette use alongside sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression identified significant predictors. Findings: The prevalence was 35.3% for cigarette smoking, 15% for ST use, 14.1% for e-cigarette vaping, and 35.5% for hookah smoking. In the cigarette model, predictors included age (OR=1.20), mother’s education (secondary/high school OR=2.19; university OR=2.68), friends’ use (OR=9.54), and employment status (OR=2.52). The hookah model highlighted friends’ use (OR=31.05), marital status (OR=2.10), employment status (OR=1.76), and mother’s education (secondary/high school OR=2.18; university OR=3.57) as predictors. In the ST model, predictors were friends’ use (OR=20.12), employment status (OR=3.37), and mother’s education (secondary/high school OR=2.91). Lastly, the e-cigarette model revealed the predictors of friends’ use (OR=7.91) and employment status (OR=1.87). Conclusion: Tobacco use among Afghan male university students is significantly influenced by peer behavior, employment status, and parental education. Interventions should target accessibility and sociocultural attitudes and include educational programs and policy measures to reduce tobacco consumption in the university setting.
Measurement of D-dimer Level Among COVID-19 Vaccinated Individuals at Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Alsadig Abrar Osman Edriss , Mohammed Albaraa Abdulfatah , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Altaher Tibyan Abd Almajed , Hamad Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic affects millions of people worldwide with a high number of morbidities and mortality. The virus was first identified and reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Several COVID-19 vaccines were developed and disseminated worldwide. Several hemostatic changes were found in individuals who took the COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to measure the D-dimer level among individuals who have taken the COVID-19 vaccine and to compare them to unvaccinated individuals (control) in Khartoum State in 2023. Methods: This study was a case-control descriptive study conducted at Al-Riada Modern Medical Laboratory in Khartoum State during the period from January 2023 to April 2023 on 100 samples to measure D-dimer level. For each participant, 2.8 ml of blood was collected in a trisodium citrate anticoagulant container with a volume ratio of 1:9, and platelet-poor plasma was prepared by sample centrifugation at 3500 for 15 minutes. The D-dimer was assessed by the sandwich immunodetection method (FinecareTM). Results: The gender distribution was (20, 30) in the case group and (26, 24) in the control group for males and females, respectively. The mean age of the case group was 38 years, while the mean age of the control group was 40 years. The frequency of COVID-19 vaccine types was 26, 9, 8, 7, AstraZeneca, Johnson, Pfizer, and Sinopharm, respectively. The mean post-vaccination exposure duration in the case group was 23. The study showed the D-dimer mean was significantly increased in the case group compared to the control group (0.97 mg/LL and 0.214 mg/LL respectively) (P value: 0.000). Conclusion: D-dimer was significantly increased among individuals vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine compared to unvaccinated individuals in the control group. None of the gender, age, or vaccine type showed a significant correlation with D-dimer level.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercises on Memory, Cerebral Edema, and Extracellular Neuronal Discharge in an Experimental Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of BDNF Expression
Authors: Bazdidi Zahra , Mirshekar Mohammad Ali , Salehikia Abbas
Published: December 2024

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a primary cause of mortality and is a significant contributor to various impairments, including somatosensory and cognitive deficits. The prevention and management of injuries require regular daily exercise. In this research, we examined the impact of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on neurological outcomes, brain water content (BWC), blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, electrophysiological characteristics, and concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an experimental model of TBI. Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Training, TBI, and Training-TBI. TBI was induced using the Marmarou method. After TBI induction, eight weeks of aerobic exercise were performed using a five-line animal treadmill. Then, the rats’ memory and learning were assessed using the Morris water maze. Electrodes were implanted in the skulls of anesthetized rats for single-unit recording. Neurological scores, BWC, BBB permeability, and cerebral tissue BDNF concentrations were measured 48 hours after exercise. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Aerobic exercise significantly reversed the decrement of neurological scores, the neuronal firing rate of the hippocampus, increments of BWC, cognition deficits, and cerebral tissue Evans blue concentration after TBI compared with control. It also increased cerebral tissue BDNF, which had significantly decreased in TBI. Conclusion: Our results suggest that through BDNF increment, aerobic exercise exerts neuroprotective effects on memory impairment and the decrement of neuronal firing rate caused by TBI.
Comparing the Curing Quality of Bulk-fill and Conventional Composites at Various Irradiation Times and Depths
Authors: Elmamooz Nafiseh , Rezaei Mehdi , Eskandarizadeh Ali , Bagherinasab Maryam , Karimi Afshar Mehrnaz
Published: December 2024

Background: Bulk-fill composites are a new class of materials introduced to speed up the clinical process of posterior restorations. This study compared the curing quality of bulk-fill and conventional composites at different irradiation times and depths. Methods: In this in-vitro study, 40 specimens from a bulk-fill composite, Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill (TNB), and a conventional composite, Tetric N-Ceram (TN), were fabricated using a metal mold (6 mm×4 mm) (n=10). The composites were placed and cured in bulk for each composite. For each composite, half of the samples were cured for 20 seconds (s) using a light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit, and the irradiation time for the other half was 40. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water, the hardness of the samples was measured using a microhardness tester at different depths (0.1, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). Statistical analysis was done using multivariate ANOVA and independent t test (P ˂ 0.05). Results: Both composites presented a significant reduction in hardness value with increasing depth. TNB showed significantly higher hardness values at all depths in both irradiation times than conventional composite. TNB composite did not achieve a depth of cure (DOC) of 4 mm at any of the two curing times. Irradiation time significantly affects hardness values in both composites. Conclusion: Given that neither bulk-fill nor conventional composite was cured at depths greater than 3 mm, it is suggested that prolonged curing cycles be used to improve the DOC of composites.
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Using Medical Images by Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Pordeli Shahreki Abolfazl , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Roudbari Masoud
Published: December 2024

Background: One of the best ways to reduce the spread of tuberculosis (TB) is to diagnose the disease using chest X-ray (CXR) images as a low-cost and affordable method. However, there are two problems: the lack of adequate radiologists and the possibility of misdiagnosis. This is why it is necessary to use an accessible and accurate diagnostic system. This research aimed to design an accurate and accessible automatic diagnosis system that can solve diagnosis problems using deep learning. Methods: Six convolutional neural networks (CNNs), InceptionV3, ResNet50, DenseNet201, MnasNet, MobileNetV3, and EfficientNet-B4, were trained by transfer learning, the Adam optimizer, and 20 training epochs using the new, large, and accurate TBX11K dataset. The network was designed to categorize images into three groups: patients diagnosed with TB, patients exhibiting lung abnormalities unrelated to TB, and healthy individuals with no evidence of TB or other pulmonary anomalies within the lung imagery. Results: In the testing step, the networks achieved very high performance. The EfficientNet-B4 network outperformed the other networks with a sensitivity of 97.1%, specificity of 99.9%, and accuracy of 99.5%. It also performed better than previous studies in TB diagnosis using CXR images by CNNs. Conclusion: This research showed that with access to large high-quality datasets and standard training, it is possible to entrust the diagnosis of TB using medical images to computers and artificial neural networks with high confidence as they achieved accuracies higher than 99%.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool: A sample of Iranian older people
Authors: Aliakbarzadeh Arani Zahra , Zanjari Nasibeh , Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza
Published: December 2024

Background: Social capital and social participation (SP) have a significant role in improving the health of older adults. The current study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian short version of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT) in older adults. Methods: A total of 414 community-dwelling older people (aged 60 years or older) in Aran and Bidgol city were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The tool’s reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficient. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the convergent validity of the instrument between WHO-5 and SASCAT. SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software were used for statistical analysis. Results: The three factors of received social support (RSS), SP, and social trust (ST) were extracted from exploratory factor analysis (EPA), explaining 66.33% of the total variance. The CFA revealed that the SASCAT structure model was valid (CMIN/DF=2.36, GFI=0.957, CFI=0.931, RMSEA=0.081). According to the convergent validity evaluation, there was a significant positive relationship between social capital and psychological well-being (r=0.28, P<0.01). Moreover, the Persian version of the social capital tool had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Conclusion: The 8-item social capital tool is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in future studies to examine this concept’s status among older Iranian people.
The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training in the Presence of L-Carnitine on the Expression of MCT1, PGC-1, and CS in the Liver of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Haj Hosseini Mahdiyeh , Shahouzehi Beydolah , Hosseini Najmeh Sadat
Published: December 2024

Background: T Liver oxidative metabolism disorder is dependent on several factors that lead to liver diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our hypothesis was that the combination of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and L-carnitine affects the expression of citrate synthase (CS), PGC-1α, and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the liver of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/d, four weeks, IP), HIIT, and HIIT+L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/d, four weeks, IP). HIIT training was performed for four weeks (five days a week); then, the animals were anesthetized, and their liver tissues were extracted for real-time PCR to measure MCT1, PGC-1α, and CS. SPSS 22 software was used to analyze the data obtained in different groups, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: MCT1 expression significantly increased in the HIIT and HIIT+L-carnitine groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). PGC1α expression significantly increased in the HIIT+L-carnitine group compared to the control and L-carnitine groups (P<0.001). Also, PGC1α expression significantly increased in the HIIT group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, CS expression significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: HIIT exercise combined with L-carnitine supplementation increases the expression of MCT1, PGC-1α, and CS in the liver. Therefore, it seems that performing HIIT exercises and taking L-carnitine supplements can prevent the consequences of fat accumulation in the liver.
Effects of Coadministration of Eryngium billardieri and Boswellia serrata Extracts on Insulin-Related Biomarkers, Lipid Profile, and Hepatic Enzymes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajabalipour Sorour , Ahangarpour Akram , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Bineshfar Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Background: A multifactorial metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), this condition is expected to be among the most critical global health concerns in 2045. Despite the recent developments in medications for patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D), there is still no definitive cure. As nearly all medications have their own complications, some herbs seem beneficial as alternatives. From this perspective, the present study investigated the effects of the coadministration of Eryngium billardieri (EB) and Boswellia serrata (BS) extracts on biochemical indices in patients with T2D. Methods: Sixty patients with T2D, aged 35–55, were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: experiment and control. For four weeks, the experimental group was given a combination of the EB (14 cc) and BS (7 cc) extracts in addition to the routine medications. However, the controls only received routine care and medications. Results: A significant reduction was observed in fasting blood sugar (FBS), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglyceride (TG) levels. There was a substantial upsurge in disposition index (DI), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) levels in the patients in the experimental group. The serum insulin levels showed no major changes. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the EB and BS coadministration could be a therapeutic approach or a supplement for patients with DM.
Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Crataegus meyeri
Authors: Mehrabani Mitra , Mahdavi Yekta Soheila , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin , Mehrabani Mehrnaz , Amirkhosravi Arian , Jafari Mandana , Javdani Hamed , Mehrbani Mehrzad
Published: December 2024

Background: Crataegus meyeri A. Pojark is one of Iran›s most well-known medicinal plants. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extract of Crataegus meyeri (MCM) leaves. Methods: MCM was prepared from dried leaves. First, the cytotoxic impact of MCM was determined via the MTT test. Then, the anti-inflammatory activity of MCM on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed J774A.1 cells was examined by measuring NO production and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression using the Griess test and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. MCM antioxidant activity was assessed using the FRAP and DPPH tests. Results: MCM was shown to be non-cytotoxic against J774A.1 cells at≤125 and≤62 μg/mL concentrations after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. It also significantly attenuated NO generation in LPS-treated J774A.1 cells at 62 and 125 μg/mL after 24 hours and 62 μg/mL after 48 hours. The extract significantly reduced COX-2 gene expression at concentrations of 62 and 125 μg/mL after 24 hours and at concentrations of 15, 31, and 62 μg/mL after 48 hours. Moreover, the results indicated that MCM at all concentrations exhibited lower antioxidant activity than vitamin C, but the difference was insignificant. Furthermore, MCM could reduce the viability of most of the studied cancer cell lines at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that MCM may show therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, a finding that requires clinical trials.
Viral Infections and Spontaneous Abortion in Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yarabbi Maryam , Nakhaie Mohsen , Jafari Maskouni Elham , Mousavi Elham , Karimi Narges , Arabzadeh Ali Mohammad , Pordamghan Nasim , Ebrahimi Saeedeh
Published: December 2024

Background: Spontaneous abortion before the 20th week, a prevalent pregnancy complication, is often linked to intrauterine viral infections. This study aims to identify DNA viruses in placental tissue from women with spontaneous abortion and full-term pregnancies, establishing a correlation with first-trimester spontaneous abortion. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Kerman city between 2021 and 2022. Placental tissue samples were collected from 50 women who had experienced spontaneous abortion in the first trimester and 50 women with normal pregnancies. The PCR method was employed to assess the presence of specific viruses. Results: In the case group, the average age was 28.74±6.11, while in the control group, it was 31.08±6.48. The study identified cytomegalovirus (CMV), human papillomavirus types (HPV) 16 and 18, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) genomes in varying percentages in the case group compared to the control group. Notably, the parvovirus B19 genome was not detected in either group. However, statistical analysis did not indicate a significant difference in the presence of these viruses between the case and control groups. Conclusion: Consistent with some prior research, this study did not find a correlation between viral placental infections and an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Further research should be conducted with larger sample sizes across different regions to ascertain the true role of viral infections in abortion.
Multiple Schwannomas Involving an Unusual Communicating Loop between the Ulnar and Median Nerves in the Axilla: Clinical Implications
Authors: Borthakur Dibakar , Kumar Rajesh , Sesham Kishore , Kusuma Harisha , Dada Rima
Published: December 2024

Background: Schwannoma and neurofibroma constitute benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs), which may present as single or multiple lesions. Multiple schwannomas are rare in the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity. Solitary small schwannoma is usually asymptomatic, while larger and multiple schwannomas may have different symptoms due to pressure effects. Median and ulnar nerve communications are often encountered in the upper limb, making these anastomoses clinically important. However, such communications with schwannomas in the axilla are rare. Case Report: The study protocol was designed per the prevailing guidelines of the Institute on the use of human cadavers for teaching and research. Written informed consent was obtained from the family of the body donor at the time of whole-body donation. The upper extremities, including the brachial plexuses of both sides, were carefully dissected as per the instructions in Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy15th edition. Discussion: Unusual anastomoses in the axilla and two encapsulated, highly vascular fusiform masses were observed. Another fairly large mass was noted on the right chest wall. Histological examination confirmed the masses to be schwannomas. Conclusion: Asymptomatic schwannomas often remain undiagnosed, and those lying in the axilla can be misdiagnosed. Awareness of such variant anatomy will enable clinicians and surgeons to plan more appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Developing Mobile Health Applications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Features and Technologies
Authors: Akbarian Parvin , Asadi Farkhondeh , Sabahi Azam
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) require lifelong treatment, which significantly impacts their quality of life. Self-management of this disease is an effective factor in managing chronic conditions and improving patients’ quality of life. The use of mobile applications is a novel approach to providing self-management models and healthcare services for patients with IBD. The present systematic review aimed to identify the features and technologies used in the development of IBD disease management applications. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases up to August 8, 2023, which included initial searches, screening studies, assessing eligibility and risk of bias, and study selection. The data extraction form was based on the study objectives, including bibliographic information from articles, such as the first author’s name, year of publication, country of origin, and details related to mobile health applications, such as the name of the application, features and technologies used, advantages and disadvantages, main outcomes, and other results. The content of the research was analyzed according to the research objectives. Results: In the initial review of four databases, a total of 160 articles were retrieved and subsequently entered into EndNote. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies based on title, abstract, and full-text assessments, 12 articles were finally selected. The studies were conducted between the years 2015 and 2024. 100% of the applications designed for patients with IBD were aimed at treatment, 83% were for self-management of the disease, and 33% of the applications were intended for disease diagnosis. The features of IBD management applications were categorized into four groups: education, monitoring, counseling, and diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Various mobile applications have been developed for the management of IBD, each differing in features and technologies used. While current IBD applications have limited capabilities in diagnosing disease severity, they still hold significant potential in empowering patients through education, counseling, and monitoring. The integration of artificial intelligence and decision support systems may enhance the effectiveness and reliability of these applications.
Evaluation of Hematological Parameters as Markers for Subclinical Inflammation in Adults with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Abd Rabou Mohamed Gamal , Ramadan Ali Mahmoud , Mohsen Ahmed Mohamed , Shawky Marwa
Published: December 2024

Background: Repeated polyserositis, another name for familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), is an autoimmune disorder with an autosomal recessive nature primarily characterized by short-lived repeated periods of peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis, generally accompanied by fever. Methods: Our participants were divided into two groups. Group I (patients): 100 individuals who were diagnosed as patients with FMF and were monitored. Group II (control): matched- healthy individuals (100 controls). They were compared and followed up as regards demographic, clinical, and laboratory data: routine investigations, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Results: Group I: MPV mean was 12.03±2.89, whereas group II MPV mean was 7.74±0.57. MPV was significantly statistically greater in group I than in group II. RDW mean in group I was 17.07±1.39 and in group II was 12.92±0.63. RDW was also significantly statistically greater in group I compared with group II. Group I’s NLR mean was 3.05±0.71, whereas group II’s NLR mean was 1.75±0.2. PLR mean in group I was 164.8±122.8 and in group II was 111.26±29.16. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was shown between the diagnosis of adult FMF and NLR, PLR, MPV, and RDW.
Ulcerative and Cytomegalovirus Colitis Associated with Fournier’s Gangrene: A Case Report
Authors: Berkcan Bozdogan Ali , Sonmez Gamze , Baytok Erke , Guven Goksel , Ozturk Bengi
Published: December 2024

Fournier gangrene is a rare but severe complication of ulcerative colitis, characterized by necrotizing fasciitis affecting the genital and perineal regions. We present a case of a 53-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis who developed Fournier gangrene, an exceptionally uncommon occurrence in this patient population. The patient initially presented with intense pain, swelling, and skin discoloration in the genital area, accompanied by systemic symptoms, including fever. Prompt recognition and intervention are critical due to the aggressive nature of Fournier gangrene, which often results in significant morbidity and mortality. This case underscores the importance of vigilance for unusual presentations of necrotizing infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly those with complicating factors such as immunosuppression and concurrent infections.
COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON WASTE RUBBER-PROOFED FABRICS
Authors: Azanova Albina A. , Mustafina Rezeda R. , Gavrilyuk Ekaterina Yu.
Published: December 2024

The article considers a method for processing interstitial waste of rubber-proofed fabrics into a composite material by crushing waste and fastening the resulting crumbs with polymer binders. Formulations have been worked out, samples have been obtained, and tests of physical and mechanical properties have been carried out. It is shown that the change in the size of the crumb, its proportions with the binder affects the characteristics of the samples. The coefficient of variation in thickness ranged from 4 to 20 %, the loss of 0.1 mm of thickness during abrasion ranged from 1,6 to 4,8 thousand cycles, the coefficient of tangential resistance during friction with a metal bar is from 0.51 to 0.60. The obtained materials can be used for the production of anti-slip coatings and other products.
THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF AMINOLYSIS PROCESSES OF UNSYMMETRIC ALKYLENE CARBONATES
Authors: Sysoev Vladislav A. , Nazmutdinov Renat R. , Garifullina Alfiya R. , Zinkicheva Tamara T. , Kalukova Marina N.
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarity of the reaction of urethane formation of alkylene carbonate – amine. Using quantum chemical calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional embedded in the Gaussian-16 software package, the authors evaluated the thermodynamic feasibility of the presented reactions. The results obtained under the specified standard conditions showed that the interaction of asymmetric alkylene carbonates with amines leads to the formation of a mixture of isomeric urethane alcohols containing primary and secondary hydroxyls. Moreover, the ratio of isomers and the thermodynamic parameters of the synthesis processes significantly depend on the structure of the amine component. An assessment of the thermodynamic possibility of the reactions shown in the article is of interest for the creation of effective technologies for the production of non-isocyanate urethanes. The proven structure of the resulting urethane-containing products suggests their chemical interaction with active groups of collagen in technological processes for processing leather and fur.
MODEL OF INTERNAL STRESS IN BLANKS OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON NEEDLE-PUNCHED FRAMEWORKS MANUFACTURED BY THE FABRIC WINDING METHOD
Authors: Magnitsky Ilya V. , Magnitskaya Maria V. , Tsvetkov Dmitry A. , Lyubchenko Mikhail A. , Palochkin Sergey V.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of constructing a model of internal residual stresses arising during the manufacture of blanks of carbon-carbon composite materials based on needle-punched axisymmetric reinforcing frames, obtained by the method of winding fabric with simultaneous needle-punching, compacted with a pyrolytic carbon matrix using a thermogradient method. Calculations were carried out for changes in the stress-strain state of a material workpiece that arise during its manufacture during heating and cooling. The main dependencies of the stress level on the technological parameters of blank manufacturing are obtained, the magnitude and danger from the point of view of occurrence of defects of various stresses are estimated. The main dependencies of the stress level on the technological parameters of blank manufacturing are obtained, the magnitude and danger from the point of view of occurrence of defects of various stresses are estimated. The result of the calculations shows that radial stresses are directly proportional to the temperature difference during cooling of the blank. It is shown that the greater the thickness of the material blank, the higher the radial stresses in it. The results obtained can be useful in optimizing the parameters of the manufacturing technology of this class of materials.
USE OF GALLIUM AS MODEL MATERIAL IN GALVANOPLASTY
Authors: Zhirova Tatyana I. , Galanin Sergey I.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the possibility of using the technology of electroplating for manufacturing large-size exclusive designer accessories for clothing, haberdashery and footwear. The high technological potential of using low-melting conductive materials, in particular, gallium, for manufacturing galvanoplastic models is shown. The features of creation of models from gallium, formation of galvanoplastic precipitation of copper on their surface, technological methods of gallium removal after copper deposition are experimentally investigated. Technological problems arising at work with gallium are shown, practical recommendations on their leveling are given. The advantage of using conductive materials for making models for electroplating is experimentally proved, as compared to dielectrics requiring graphitization of the surface, the process of electrolysis is considerably reduced, which significantly saves money and resources.
Inovasi Pada Sektor Pemerintahan: Peran Business Acumen Dan Dukungan Organisasi Sebagai Moderator
Authors: Achmad Mulhimi , Etikariena Arum
Published: December 2024

Penerapan inovasi pada sektor publik belum sepesat jika dibandingkan dengan sektor privat sehingga perlu ditelusuri faktor-faktor yang dapat mendorong inovasi pada pegawai pemerintahan, dalam hal ini adalah PNS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang dapat memunculkan innovative work behavior, salah satunya adalah public service motivation yang ditambahkan efek moderator dari business acumen dan perceived organizational support. Sejumlah 538 PNS di Indonesia yang dipilih dengan menggunakan convenience sampling berpartisipasi dalam penelitian kuantitatif ini dengan mengisi skala Innovative Work Behavior, skala Merit System Protection Board, skala Business Acumen Instrument, dan skala The Survei of Perceived organizational Support. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan menggunakan multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa public service motivation memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan innovative work behavior, namun ketika berinteraksi dengan variabel lainnya dalam penelitian ini, public service motivation tidak lagi berpengaruh terhadap innovative work behavior. Penelitian ini justru menunjukkan bahwa business acumen dan perceived organizational support adalah hal yang dapat memunculkan innovative work behavior. Dalam hal ini, PNS yang memiliki business acumen yang tinggi akan dapat mendorong munculnya perilaku inovasi pegawai untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik, sementara PNS yang merasa dukungan organisasinya begitu tinggi, PNS tidak akan terlalu berinovasi dalam pekerjaannya karena merasa kondisi organisasi telah menyediakan sistem dan peraturan yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai pertimbangan pada pada sektor pemerintahan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman PNS terkait proses bisnis yang ada dalam pemerintahan dan mendorong PNS untuk menginternalisasikan growth mindset agar semakin terdorong untuk berinovasi dalam pekerjaannya.
ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTHRELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Samedova S.I.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of the study. Study of the quality of life of patients with periodontitis of varying severity. Material and methods of the study. 200 residents of Baku city with periodontal diseases took part in the study The quality of life indicators were studied according to the Nottingham Health Profile system, which includes the following parameters: vigour, pain, emotional reactions, sleep, social isolation, physical activity and health status. Additionally, a special questionnaire was used for the subjective assessment of oral health, including the following aspects: bleeding gums, breath odour (halitosis), tooth mobility, gum pain, tooth hypersensitivity, changes in tooth position and plaque. Results. The mean score for the general assessment of quality of life (QoL) among patients with mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis was 4.4±0.69, 7.4±1.25, and 23.2±1.791, respectively. The highest score, exceeding 30 points, was observed in patients with severe periodontitis. The most pronounced effects were observed in the domains of pain, physical activity, and health status. The items vitality and social isolation were less affected. The total score for oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as assessed by patients was 3.85±0.192 for mild periodontitis, 5.63±0.190 for moderate periodontitis and 11.43±0.499 for severe periodontitis. Comparatively elevated scores were observed in patients with severe periodontitis. The highest mean scores were observed for items such as bleeding, tooth mobility, tooth hypersensitivity and plaque. Conclusions. As the degree of periodontitis worsened and the QoL worsened also. This was particularly reflected in such indicators as pain, physical activity, health status and sleep. Assessment of oral health-related QoL is necessary to determine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving and maintaining health. The results of the self-assessment study can be used to determine patients’ subjective perceptions of the impact of periodontal disease on oral health.
СПЕКТРОКОЛОРІМЕТРІЧНА ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ЛІКУВАЛЬНО- ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДІВ НА СТУПІНЬ ЗАПАЛЕННЯ ЯСЕН ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ РІЗНИМ СТУПЕНЕМ УРАЖЕННЯМ ТКАНИН ПАРОДОНТУ
Authors: Пиндус В.Б. , Дєньга О.В. , Пиндус Т.О. , Почтар В.М. , Шнайдер С.А. , Рачинський С.В.
Published: December 2024

Пародонтит, який є однією з найпоширеніших стоматологічних проблем, викликає серйозні наслідки, такі як втрата зубів та системні ускладнення, що підкреслює необхідність комплексного підходу до його діагностики та лікування. У нашому дослідженні акцент робиться на використанні спектроколоріметрії, яка, визначаючи кольорові зміни в тканинах ясен, стає інноваційним інструментом для оцінки ефективності терапевтичних заходів та динаміки лікування пародонтиту. Мета дослідження. Вивчення ступеня запалення ясен у пацієнтів з пародонтитом в процесі проведення профілактичних заходів за допомогою спектроколоріметрічної оцінки. Матеріали та методи. У дослідженнях брало участь 63 пацієнта із різним ступенем ураження тканин пародонту віком 35-60 років. Пацієнтів було поділено на 2 групи. Лікування пацієнтів основної групи супроводжувалося використанням розробленого комплексу. Було проведено спектроколоріметрічну оцінку запальних процесів у яснах пацієнтів з пародонтитом під час профілактичних заходів, використовуючи розчин Шиллера-Писарєва, що фіксуються кількісно в оптичних і колірних показниках за допомогою спектроколориметра типу «Пульсар», адаптованого для стоматологічних цілей. Статистично значущу відмінність між альтернативними кількісними ознаками з розподілом, відповідним нормальному закону, оцінювали за допомогою t-критерію Стьюдента. Різницю вважали статистично значущою при р<0,01. Результати дослідження. У пацієнтів обох груп було відмічено досить сильне забарвлення слизової ясен розчином, як в короткохвильовій, так і в довгохвильовій області видимого діапазону довжин хвиль, що свідчило відповідно про порушення функціонування захисно-бар’єрної системи гіалуронова кислота – гіалуронідаза і наявності глікогену, що супроводжує запальні процеси в тканинах пародонту. Дані демонструють позитивний вплив профілактичних заходів на стан ясен у пацієнтів основної групи, у відношенні до групи порівняння. Зміни в коефіцієнті відбиття світла можуть вказувати на зменшення запальних процесів та покращення стану ясен. Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про знижений бар’єрний захист ясен у обстежених пацієнтів з пародонтитом, що супроводжувався підвищеною проникністю ясен для барвника розчину і, отже, мікроорганізмів, а також позитивна реакція розчину на резервний полісахарид глікоген, яка свідчить про наявність в яснах запалення. Виявлено прогресивне зменшення інтенсивності запальних процесів у яснах пацієнтів основної групи у відношенні до групи порівняння, що вказує на важливість продовження та розширення клінічного впровадження цих методів у стоматологічну практику. Важливим аспектом дослідження є виявлення довготривалого позитивного впливу лікувально-профілактичних заходів на стан тканин пародонту, що засвідчує потенціал цих заходів для запобігання прогресуванню пародонтиту.
Exploring the Impact of Broken Home Conditions on Adolescents' Focus and Academic Achievement
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain , Sari Windy Dian , Alhan Khusni , Hidayat Rachmat , Saksitha Deassy Arestya
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of broken homes, characterized by parental separation, divorce, or single-parent households, poses significant challenges to adolescents' development and academic outcomes. This research explores the intricate relationship. Through a mixed-methods approach encompassing quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the study examines the mechanisms through which family disruptions influence academic functioning among adolescents. Quantitative analyses reveal significant associations between broken home conditions and lower levels of attentional control, task persistence, and academic engagement among adolescents. These findings persist even after controlling for demographic variables such as socioeconomic status and parental involvement, underscoring the independent contribution of family disruptions to academic outcomes. Qualitative insights provide rich contextual understanding of the lived experiences of adolescents in broken homes, highlighting the emotional turmoil, insecurity, and challenges they face in navigating academic demands amidst familial upheaval. The implications of these findings are far-reaching, with significant implications for educational practice, policy, and intervention efforts. By recognizing the unique needs of adolescents from broken homes and developing evidence-based strategies to support their holistic development and academic success, educators, policymakers, and stakeholders can create nurturing and inclusive environments where all adolescents have the opportunity to thrive.