bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular identification and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi isolates against larvae of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Xiaowu , Ding Xinhua , Fu Kaiyun , Guo Wenchao , Zhan Faqiang , Yuan Zihan , Jia Zunzun , Zhou Liuyan , Jiang Xudong , Osman Ghenijan , Li Zhi , Dai Jinping , Xie Yuqing , Wang Zhifang , Yang Xinping
Published: July 2022

Aims

This study aimed to isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from fungus-infected Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, screen their bio-efficacy against O. furnacalis, and select the most suitable virulent native EPF for biocontrol agent development.

Methods and Results

The occurrence of EPF isolated from various maize production regions in Xinjiang was investigated. Of 13,864 O. furnacalis cadavers surveyed, 536 were selected, and of 136 fungal specimens collected, 14 species were identified. Four fungal isolates were highly pathogenic to O. furnacalis: Aspergillus sp., Lecanicillium attenuatum, Beauveria bassiana and Penicillium polonicum. The Aspergillus sp. was the most abundant (42.25% distribution frequency). Bioassay results revealed that it was as pathogenic as B. bassiana (positive control), with 96.58% lethality against O. furnacalis (LC50: 1.40 × 104 conidia ml−1, LT50: 3.41 days). Through morphological examination and rDNA-benA and rDNA-CaM homogeneity analyses, the isolate was identified as Aspergillus nomius.

Conclusions

Four EPF species were highly pathogenic, with A. nomius being the most prevalent in Xinjiang. A. nomius is a potential biocontrol agent.

Significance and Impact of Study

For sustainable prevention and control of O. furnacalis infestation, identifying biocontrol agents with high virulence against O. furnacalis is crucial. The findings of this study support the development of EPF-based biocontrol approaches.
Comparison of bacterial diversity, root exudates and soil enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere of AVP1-transgenic and nontransgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Naqqash Tahir , Tahir Muhammad , Leveau Johan H. , Zaheer Ahmad , Tahira Syeda Anjum , Saeed Nasir Ahmad , Asad Shaheen , Sajid Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Aims

Soil microbial communities are among the most diverse communities that might be affected due to transgenic crops. Therefore, risk assessment studies on transgenes are essentially required as any adverse effects may depend not only on the specific gene and crop involved but also on soil conditions.

Methods and results

The present study deals with the comparison of bacterial populations, root exudates and activities of soil enzymes in nontransgenic and AVP1-transgenic wheat rhizosphere, overexpressing vacuolar H + pyrophosphatase for salinity and drought stress tolerance. Amounts of organic acids and sugars produced as root exudates and activities of dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease enzymes in soil solution showed no significant differences in AVP1-transgenic and nontransgenic wheat rhizosphere, except for urease and phenol oxidase activities. The higher copy number of nifH gene showed the abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of AVP1-transgenic wheat compared with nontransgenic wheat. nifH gene sequence analysis indicated the common diazotrophic genera Azospirillum, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium and Pseudomonas in AVP1-transgenic and nontransgenic wheat except for Zoogloea detected only in nontransgenic wheat. Using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene from soil DNA, a total of 156, 282 sequences of 18 phyla were obtained, which represented bacterial (128,006), Archeal (7928) and unclassified (21,568) sequences. Proteobacteria, Crenarchaeota and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla in the transgenic and nontransgenic wheat rhizosphere. Further comparison of different taxonomic units at the genus level showed similar distribution in transgenic and nontransgenic wheat rhizospheres.

Conclusion

We conclude that the AVP1 gene in transgenic wheat has no apparent adverse effects on the soil environment and different bacterial communities. However, the bacterial community depends on several other factors, not only genetic composition of the host plants.

Significance of the study

The present research supports introduction and cultivation of transgenic plants in agricultural systems without any adverse effects on indigenous bacterial communities and soil ecosystems.
Time for speciation and niche conservatism explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in clupeiform fishes
Authors: Egan Joshua P. , Bloom Devin D. , Simons Andrew M.
Published: July 2022

Aim

The latitudinal diversity gradient of increasing species richness from poles to equator is one of the most striking and pervasive spatial patterns of biodiversity. Climate appears to have been key to the formation of the latitudinal diversity gradient, but the processes through which climate shaped species richness remain unclear. We tested predictions of the time for speciation, carrying capacity and diversification rate latitudinal diversity gradient hypotheses in a trans‐marine/freshwater clade of fishes.

Location

Global in marine and freshwater environments.

Taxon

Clupeiformes (anchovies, herrings, sardines and relatives).

Methods

We tested predictions of latitudinal diversity gradient hypotheses using a molecular phylogeny, species distribution data and phylogenetic comparative approaches. To test the time for speciation hypothesis, we conducted ancestral state reconstructions to infer the ages of temperate, subtropical and tropical lineages and frequency of evolutionary transitions between climates. We tested the carry capacity hypothesis by characterizing changes in net diversification rates through time. To test the diversification rate hypothesis, we qualitatively compared the diversification rates of temperate, subtropical and tropical lineages and conducted statistical tests for associations between latitude and diversification rates.

Results

We identified four transitions to temperate climates and two transitions out of temperate climates. We found no differences in diversification rates among temperate and tropical clupeiforms. Net diversification rates remained positive in crown Clupeiformes since their origin ~150 Ma in both tropical and temperate lineages. Climate niche characters exhibited strong phylogenetic signal. All temperate clupeiform lineages arose <50 Ma, after the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum.

Main conclusions

Our results support the time for speciation hypothesis, which proposes that climate niche conservatism and fluctuations in the extent of temperate climates limited the time for species to accumulate in temperate climates, resulting in the latitudinal diversity gradient. We found no support for the carrying capacity or diversification rate hypotheses.
Agouti‐related peptide neuronal silencing overcomes delayed puberty in neonatally underfed male mice
Authors: Decourt Caroline , Connolly George A. D. P. , Ancel Caroline , Inglis Megan A. , Anderson Greg M.
Published: July 2022

Agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) neurons are thought to indirectly regulate the activity of hypothalamic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurons which control fertility. AgRP neurons also drive caloric intake and are modulated by metabolically‐relevant hormones, providing a link to the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal axis. In mice expressing Cre‐dependant designer receptors (DREADDs) in AgRP neurons, we activated or silenced these neurons in vivo using the synthetic ligand clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO) to observe the effect of AgRP neuron activity on timing of puberty. To validate these animals, we chronically treated both stimulatory (hM3Dq) and inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADD × AgRP‐Cre mice with CNO, observing a pronounced increase and decrease of food intake, respectively, consistent with the known orexigenic effects of these neurons. RNAscope was performed to visually confirm the activation of AgRP neurons. Puberty onset was assessed in males and females. There was no effect on preputial separation in males or vaginal opening and first oestrus in females after CNO treatment from day 26 to 30 to chronically modulate AgRP neurons. Next, to determine whether the delay in puberty onset occurring in response to neonatal underfeeding could be overcome by inhibiting AgRP neuronal activity, mice were raised in large (neonatally underfed) or normal litter sizes. The delay in puberty from underfeeding was completely reversed in CNO‐treated AgRP‐hM4Di male mice. These data highlight the inhibitory role of AgRP neurons to delay puberty onset when undernutrition occurs during the neonatal period, at least in male mice.

Trail registration number

JNE‐22‐0081‐OA.R2
A systematic review of the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on family members
Authors: Thapwong Parichat , Norton Christine , Rowland Emma , Farah Noora , Czuber‐Dochan Wladyslawa
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects patients and their family members, but most reviews have focused only on patients themselves. This review synthesises evidence on the impact of IBD on family members.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken, searching six bibliographic databases, focusing on the impact of IBD on family members, coping strategies, and interventions. A narrative synthesis was conducted. This review was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA).

Results

3258 records were identified; 33 papers (2748 participants) were included. Three themes were identified: impact of IBD on family members; coping strategies for family members to overcome the impact of IBD; and the support needed by family members. IBD affects family members' well‐being in many ways, including their emotional well‐being, relationship with the patient, social life, work and finances, and leisure time and travel. Family members use adaptive coping patterns such as acceptance, developing resilience, and emotional support from others. Maladaptive coping patterns such as denial of diagnosis, self‐distraction, and self‐blame were also evident. Family members reported that they needed better information about IBD, support groups, and better access to a counsellor or psychologist. No studies assessed interventions to relieve family members' burden.

Conclusions

Family members of IBD patients require psychosocial support to facilitate better family function, cohesion, and enhanced coping strategies. Healthcare services should adopt a multidisciplinary care model with a bio‐psycho‐social approach including an IBD nurse, family therapist, and psychologist, to improve quality of life for patients and their families.
Artificial intelligence in nursing and midwifery: A systematic review
Authors: O'Connor Siobhán , Yan Yongyang , Thilo Friederike J. S. , Felzmann Heike , Dowding Dawn , Lee Jung Jae
Published: July 2022

Background

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are being applied in nursing and midwifery to improve decision‐making, patient care and service delivery. However, an understanding of the real‐world applications of AI across all domains of both professions is limited.

Objectives

To synthesise literature on AI in nursing and midwifery.

Methods

CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus were searched using relevant terms. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened against eligibility criteria. Data were extracted, analysed, and findings were presented in a descriptive summary. The PRISMA checklist guided the review conduct and reporting.

Results

One hundred and forty articles were included. Nurses’ and midwives' involvement in AI varied, with some taking an active role in testing, using or evaluating AI‐based technologies; however, many studies did not include either profession. AI was mainly applied in clinical practice to direct patient care (n = 115, 82.14%), with fewer studies focusing on administration and management (n = 21, 15.00%), or education (n = 4, 2.85%). Benefits reported were primarily potential as most studies trained and tested AI algorithms. Only a handful (n = 8, 7.14%) reported actual benefits when AI techniques were applied in real‐world settings. Risks and limitations included poor quality datasets that could introduce bias, the need for clinical interpretation of AI‐based results, privacy and trust issues, and inadequate AI expertise among the professions.

Conclusion

Digital health datasets should be put in place to support the testing, use, and evaluation of AI in nursing and midwifery. Curricula need to be developed to educate the professions about AI, so they can lead and participate in these digital initiatives in healthcare.

Relevance for clinical practice

Adult, paediatric, mental health and learning disability nurses, along with midwives should have a more active role in rigorous, interdisciplinary research evaluating AI‐based technologies in professional practice to determine their clinical efficacy as well as their ethical, legal and social implications in healthcare.
The incidence of cervical cancer in women with postcoital bleeding and abnormal appearance of the cervix referred through the 2‐week wait pathway in the United Kingdom: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jasper Brittany , Thorley Emma , Martins Filipe Correia , Haldar Krishnayan
Published: July 2022

Aim

To determine the incidence of cervical cancer in women referred through the 2‐week‐wait pathway for postcoital bleeding and abnormal appearance of the cervix.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of women with postcoital bleeding, or abnormal appearance of the cervix referred to colposcopy clinics through the 2‐week‐wait pathway for suspected cervical cancer at Cambridge University Hospitals in the United Kingdom over 5 years. Women were identified from a departmental database. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Categorical data was analyzed with chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests and predictive values were calculated.

Results

Of the 604 women referred, 1.16% were diagnosed with cervical cancer. None of the women who were up‐to‐date with cervical screening were diagnosed with cervical cancer, while 6.25% of women out‐of‐date with cervical screening or outside the screening age group were diagnosed with cervical cancer (p < 0.001). The positive predictive value for diagnosing cervical cancer was 1.70% for postcoital bleeding (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–3.7) and 0.31% for abnormal appearance of the cervix (95% CI 0.0008–1.7).

Conclusions

The incidence of cervical cancer in women referred through the 2‐week‐wait pathway for postcoital bleeding and abnormal appearance of the cervix is low. These referrals have considerable implications for both patients and clinicians, and have a low predictive value for diagnosing cervical cancer. In light of emerging evidence and changing practices, referral guidelines should be reviewed based on up‐to‐date data and current practices.
A successful management algorithm for vulvar abscess: A tertiary hospital experience
Authors: Aksakal Sezin E. , Altınbas Sadiman K. , Ozkan Merve A. , Kayikcioglu Fulya , Tapisiz Omer L.
Published: July 2022

Aim

To develop a treatment and management algorithm for vulvar abscess.

Methods

We evaluated the clinical findings and treatment modalities of patients hospitalized with vulvar abscess via a comprehensive literature review and a clinical study. Patients with a diagnosis of vulvar abscess (n = 28) between 2015 and 2019 in the gynecology clinic of our hospital were included in the clinical study. Each patient's age, obstetric history, body mass index, presence of concomitant diseases, abscess culture and size, mean length of hospital stay, treatment modalities, and recurrence rate were recorded.

Results

The mean age and body mass index of the patients were 47.7 ± 11.5 years and 30.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was the most common concomitant disease (60.7%, n = 17). The abscesses of 22 (78.5%) patients drained spontaneously. The abscess cavities of the remaining six (21.4%) patients were treated via incisional drainage. Gentamicin + clindamycin or levofloxacin + metronidazole were used as the primary antibiotic treatment. Hemovac drains were placed in four (14.2%) patients with abscess sites greater than 5 cm. By applying our treatment methods, 26 (92.8%) of our patients were discharged with full recovery, and two patients (7.2%) were referred due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The recurrence rate of vulvar abscess was 0%.

Conclusions

This is the first study in the literature to present a successful algorithm for the treatment and management of vulvar abscess. Our treatment methods shed light on the treatment and management of vulvar abscess.
Geochemical evidence for the origin of the IIE parent body from H chondrite‐like material
Authors: Teplyakova S. N. , Humayun M. , Lorenz C. A. , Ivanova M. A.
Published: July 2022

Isotopic compositions of O, Mo, and Cu in the IIE iron meteorites have indicated a close affinity to the H chondrite group. The diversity of trace element compositions and their abundance of silicate inclusions indicate that IIE iron meteorites were formed in multistage processes. To better constrain the formation of the IIE irons, this study analyzed elemental abundances in the metal of five IIE irons (Elga, Miles, Tobychan, Verkhne Dnieprovsk, and Watson) by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data are interpreted in terms of a new model of IIE crystallization from the metal fraction of completely molten H chondrite‐like material based on the solid/liquid distribution coefficients of siderophile and chalcophile elements changing simultaneously with changes of S concentrations in the remaining liquid during the crystallization of the Fe,Ni phase in the Fe‐Ni‐S system. The model showed that IIE iron compositions could be produced as solid phases at 40–73 wt% of fractional crystallization of the metal component of a bulk H chondrite‐like metallic melt. We propose that IIE iron metal could have originated from the solidified core of a differentiated body of H chondrite‐like composition and sampled different fractions of that core exposed during a catastrophic disruption of the body. The present structure of metal and silicate inclusions of IIE irons was formed by remelting and metal–silicate mixing during late impact event(s) on the parent body surface.
A mixed‐methods characterisation of patient safety incidents by primary eye care practitioners
Authors: MacFarlane Elinor , Carson‐Stevens Andrew , North Rachel , Ryan Barbara , Acton Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Patient safety in eye health care is an underdeveloped field of research. A patient safety incident occurs when an unintended incident happens that could have (or did) lead to harm. To enable learning from patient safety incidents in optometry, a characterisation of commonly experienced safety incidents is needed to identify options to improve the quality of care. This study aimed to characterise eye health‐related patient safety incidents from the perspective of eye care practitioners.

Methods

At a national conference in Wales, 56 eye care practitioners participated in a stakeholder workshop on eye care‐related patient safety incidents. Participants were asked to suggest patient safety incidents that have occurred, or based on their experience, could occur in optometric practice. Using the nominal group technique, participants voted on the incident they perceived could cause the most harm and the incident observed most frequently in practice. Framework analysis supported identification of themes about the nature and outcomes of incidents in eye care.

Results

Diagnostic incidents were perceived to be the most severe (highest number of ‘severity votes’, n = 38), whilst administration‐related incidents were most frequent (highest number of ‘frequency votes’ n = 39). Four themes were identified which are as follows: inappropriate clinical decision‐making; delayed or missed referral of patients to general medical practitioners or ophthalmologists; compromised communication with other practitioners or patients and delays in receiving eye care. The results suggest that incidents relating to inappropriate clinical decision‐making could result in the most severe harm to patients but may not occur frequently.

Conclusions

Diagnostic‐ and administrative‐related incidents pose clear challenges for improvement in quality and safety of care. The breadth of themes reflecting the nature and outcomes from unsafe eye care highlights the complexity underpinning incidents and the burden to patients. This work has informed the content of an all‐Wales incident report form for primary eye care practitioners.
What's at Stake in the Race Debate?
Authors: Mallon Ron
Published: July 2022

How can there be so much apparent disagreement about what race is, when there is so much agreement on the facts surrounding race? In this paper, I develop this puzzle and consider several interpretations of work in the philosophy of race to try to answer it, several ways of understanding what the metaphysics of race is doing. I consider and reject the possibility that apparent disagreement is metaphysically substantive, and I also consider and reject the view that apparent disagreement primarily reflects semantic disagreements. Instead, I suggest that apparent first‐order disagreement over the existence and character of race is a part of a broader, metalinguistic negotiation or conversation about how racial terms can or ought to be used, and I note a range of considerations—including semantic, pragmatic, epistemic, and ethical—that properly play a role in this discussion.
Greater effects by performing a small number of eccentric contractions daily than a larger number of them once a week
Authors: Yoshida Riku , Sato Shigeru , Kasahara Kazuki , Murakami Yuta , Murakoshi Fu , Aizawa Kodai , Koizumi Ryoma , Nosaka Kazunori , Nakamura Masatoshi
Published: July 2022

Our previous study found that one maximal voluntary eccentric contraction (MVC‐ECC) performed daily for 5 days a week for 4 weeks increased MVC‐ECC, isometric (MVC‐ISO), and concentric contraction (MVC‐CON) torque of the elbow flexors more than 10%. The present study investigated the effects of six maximal voluntary eccentric contractions on the MVC torques and biceps brachii and brachialis muscle thickness (MT). Thirty‐six healthy young adults were placed to one of the three groups (N = 12 per group); the 6 × 1 group that performed one set of six contractions once a week, the 6 × 5 group that performed one set of six contractions a day for 5 days a week, and the 30 × 1 group that performed five sets of six contractions a day in a week. The training duration was 4 weeks for all groups, and changes in MVC‐ECC, MVC‐CON and MVC‐ISO torque, and MT before and after the 4‐week training were compared among the groups. The 6 × 1 group did not show significant changes in muscle strength and MT. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in MVC‐ECC (13.5 ± 11.5%), MVC‐ISO (9.3 ± 5.5%), MVC‐CON torque (11.1 ± 7.4%) were evident for the 6 × 5 group only, and increases in MT were found for the 6 × 5 (10.4 ± 4.4%) and 30 × 1 (8.0 ± 5.8%) groups without a significant difference. These results suggest that performing a small number of eccentric contractions 5 days a week is more effective for increasing muscle strength than performing a larger volume of eccentric contractions once a week. However, it appears that training volume is a factor for muscle hypertrophy in a short‐term training.
The relationship between ultrasonography with or without contrast and the clinical outcome in plantar fasciitis
Authors: Johannsen Finn , Magnusson Stig Peter
Published: July 2022

Background

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common disorder without objective parameters for disease severity.

Purpose

To investigate whether structural changes in the plantar fascia and heel fat pad determined by ultrasound scanning with or without contrast are related to outcome measures in patients with symptomatic PF and to investigate whether there is an association between changes in US findings and improvement in pain and function.

Methods

All patients (n = 90) in a randomized controlled trial treated with training and/or glucocorticosteroid injection were assessed for morning pain, function pain, Foot Function Index (FFI), and ultrasound measured thickness of the fascia and heel fat pad at entry and after 6 months. Thirty patients were included in a longitudinal study that assessed pain, function, and microvascular volume (MV) by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound at entry and after 5 months of treatment.

Results

None of the ultrasound parameters at the initial examination were related to clinical outcomes at 5–6 months. Changes in US measured thickness of the fascia but not the fat pad correlated with improvement in all outcome measures at 6 months (FFI:r = 0.30,p = 0.005, morning pain:r = 0.21,p = 0.046, function pain:r = 0.28,p = 0.007). MV did not change despite significant improvement in symptoms.

Conclusion

Changes in ultrasound measured fascia thickness are associated with clinical improvement in PF patients.
Longitudinal associations between coping and peer victimization: Moderation by gender and initial peer victimization
Authors: McWood Leanna M. , Erath Stephen A. , El‐Sheikh Mona
Published: July 2022

Stress coping theories suggest that the effectiveness of coping depends on the level of stress experienced. Existing research shows that efforts to cope with high levels of peer victimization may not prevent subsequent peer victimization. Additionally, associations between coping and peer victimization often differ between boys and girls. The present study included 242 participants (51% girls; 34% Black, 65% White; Mage = 15.75 years). Adolescents reported on coping with peer stress at age 16 and on overt and relational peer victimization at ages 16 and 17. Greater use of primary control engaged coping (e.g., problem‐solving) was associated positively with overt peer victimization for boys with higher initial overt victimization. Primary control coping was also associated positively with relational victimization regardless of gender or initial relational peer victimization. Secondary control coping (e.g., cognitive distancing) was associated negatively with overt peer victimization. Secondary control coping was also associated negatively with relational victimization for boys. Greater use of disengaged coping (e.g., avoidance) was associated positively with overt and relational peer victimization for girls with higher initial victimization. Gender differences and the context and level of stress should be considered in future research and interventions related to coping with peer stress.
Guessing the Buffer Bound for k-Synchronizability
Authors: Di Giusto Cinzia , Laversa Laetitia , Lozes Etienne
Published: July 2022

A communicating system is [Formula: see text]-synchronizable if all of the message sequence charts representing the executions can be divided into slices of [Formula: see text] sends followed by [Formula: see text] receptions. It was previously shown that, for a fixed given [Formula: see text], one could decide whether a communicating system is [Formula: see text]-synchronizable. This result is interesting because the reachability problem can be solved for [Formula: see text]-synchronizable systems. However, the decision procedure assumes that the bound [Formula: see text] is fixed. In this paper we improve this result and show, for mailbox communication, that it is possible to decide if such a bound [Formula: see text] exists.
Rogue waves of the AB system on the periodic background
Authors: Sun Haiying , Zhaqilao
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study rogue wave solutions of the [Formula: see text] system under the background of Jacobian elliptic functions. First, we introduce the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn through traveling wave transformation. Next, we derive the expression of spectral parameters [Formula: see text] and rogue wave with periodic background by nonlinearization of the Lax pair and the Darboux transformation (DT) method. At last, we present the dynamic evolution process of the [Formula: see text] system in some figures.
Group structure of Wilson loops in 2D tight-binding models with 2-band and 4-band energy spectra
Authors: Supatashvili T. , Eliashvili M. , Tsitsishvili G.
Published: July 2022

Tight-binding models represent one of the basic approaches for studying the topological states of a matter. In the given account, we consider a tight-binding model set by a matrix Hamiltonian over 2D Brillouin zone. The corresponding multiband energy spectrum gives rise to non-Abelian gauge construction formed by the non-Abelian Berry connection [Formula: see text]. The main gauge invariant quantities in such cases are the eigenvalues of Wilson loops. The purpose followed is the search for any special (on top of general) properties of Wilson loops for 2D tight-binding models which impose certain restrictions on the structure of its eigenvalues. The non-Abelian Berry connection is shown to be pure gauge with point-like singularities. The corresponding curvature tensor [Formula: see text] vanishes throughout the Brillouin zone except the isolated points where [Formula: see text] is singular. Combining such behavior of [Formula: see text] with non-Abelian Stokes theorem allows to avoid the path-ordering procedure in calculating the Wilson loops. In this approach, we show that Wilson loops are endowed by the group structure isomorphic to the fundamental group of the Brillouin zone. The latter is the Abelian group [Formula: see text] forcing the set of eigenvalues of Wilson loops to comprise of two fixed phases associated with the two primitive elements (generators) of [Formula: see text].
Ab-initioanalysis of zigzag stanene nanoribbons for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kumar Madhu Raj , Singh Sangeeta
Published: July 2022

This work investigates the adsorption behavior of lithium (Li) atoms on zigzag stanene nanoribbon (ZSnNR). This work analyzes the adsorption, open circuit voltage and capacity of Li on ZSnNR. When Li atoms are adsorbed on ZSnNR, it shifts the Fermi level towards the conduction band as compared to the ZSnNR. It indicates a strong interaction between Li and Sn. Our calculations show that the maximum storage capacity of Li on ZSnNR is nearly 200 mAhg[Formula: see text] and has a low open-circuit voltage of 2.28 V. The reported findings suggest that ZSnNR can be utilized as anode material for Li ion batteries and it establishes the theoretical foundation for future study on ZSnNR and other Li storage architectures.
Numerical simulations of convective heat transfer of a viscous fluid inside a rectangular cavity with heated rotating obstacles
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Haider Jamil Abbas , Akhtar Salman , Ali Shahbaz
Published: July 2022

With the help of commercial software, we have discussed the novel numerical simulations for a two-dimensional rectangular cavity with two square rotating obstacles, Fig. 1, that has fixed dimensions from the reference point (0, 0) placed in it, and we have interpreted a detailed convection analysis for fluid flow that highlights the physical, mathematical and numerical aspects of this system. The square obstacles having an anti-clockwise rotation are heated to a certain temperature, respectively, where the behavior of the fluid distribution depends upon the values of Reynolds number. We have conducted this research by fixing Reynolds number at four different positions like Reynolds 10, 30, 50 and 80. The prime effects of Reynolds number and Prandtl number are highlighted for convection analysis. Finally, we have analyzed the results of velocity, pressure, vorticity and temperature from the viewpoint of numerical simulations. Heat transfer has a huge dependence on the Reynolds number and Prandtl number.
First-principles study of magnetic properties of the transition metal ion-doped methylamonium lead bromide
Authors: Moshat Sudipta , Luitel Homnath , Sanyal Dirtha
Published: July 2022

Magnetic properties of 3[Formula: see text] transition metal ion-doped methaylamonium lead bromide (MAPbBr[Formula: see text] have been theoretically studied under the framework of density functional theory. All 3[Formula: see text] transition metal ions are doped at the Pb site of MAPbBr3. Some of the 3[Formula: see text] transition metal ions induced a significant amount of magnetic moment with stable ferromagnetic ordering. 3[Formula: see text] orbital electrons of the dopants are the main source of magnetism in all cases. Total density of state calculations has been performed to understand the magnetic behavior. Local magnetization density for stable ferromagnetic ordered state has been calculated to understand the local origin of the magnetic moment. Also, band structure and Bader charge analysis have been done for stable ferromagnetic ordered materials. Ferromagnetism along with semiconducting behavior makes it a viable material for spintronics applications.
Simulation of physical behavior of nanomaterial during freezing within a container
Authors: Rothan Yahya Ali
Published: July 2022

Galerkin method for scrutinizing the treatment of system during solidification of water has been implemented in existence of alumina nanoparticle. Cylinder and blade shapes of nanoparticles have been dispersed in to water in considering concentration less than 0.04. With neglecting the gravity force impact during freezing process, there exist only energy equations which should involve phase change term as mathematical model. Such equation has been coupled with equation for fraction of solid phase and final equations have been solved numerically. The configuration of grid has been considered variable according to position of ice front. As amount of [Formula: see text] increases, the freezing period declines around 10.7% owing to greater conductivity of Nanoparticle Enhanced Phase Change Material (NEPCM). With dispersing nanoparticles, the required time for solidification declines around 47.7%.
MODEL FOR TRANSMISSION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL OF ANTHRAX INVOLVING HUMAN AND ANIMAL POPULATION
Authors: ZEWDIE ASSEFA DENEKEW , GAKKHAR SUNITA , GUPTA SHIV KUMAR
Published: July 2022

Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, commonly affects animals as well as humans health. In this paper, a nonlinear deterministic anthrax model involving human and animal is proposed and analyzed. The reproduction number [Formula: see text] and equilibrium points are explored to study the dynamic behavior of the disease. The existence and stability of equilibrium points are discussed. For [Formula: see text], the disease-free equilibrium [Formula: see text] is globally stable. However, it is unstable when [Formula: see text] and a locally stable endemic equilibrium point [Formula: see text] exists. The model is then extended to optimal control model considering human vaccination, animal vaccination and proper removal of carcass. The vaccination class of human and animal population appears separately in a model. The existence and characterization of optimal control are discussed. The numerical simulations are carried out for the choice of parametric values and initial conditions. These illustrate scavengers in the suspected area which eat infected dead body of animals contributing to the effort of reducing the expansion of disease. In addition, numerical comparison analysis with four distinct control strategies is carried out. Our findings show that each control technique has its own influence on reducing the total number of infections in the human and animal populations. The cumulative impact of all control measures is found to be extremely effective in lowering the prevalence of the disease.
A SPLINE-BASED DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE APPROACH TO SOLVE SINE-GORDON EQUATION IN ONE AND TWO DIMENSION
Authors: ARORA GEETA , JOSHI VARUN , MITTAL R. C.
Published: July 2022

This paper endeavors to compute the soliton solution for the sine-Gordon (SG) equation using a hybrid numerical method. The present method has been developed using a modified trigonometric B-spline function with the differential quadrature method (DQM). The method is capable of reducing the partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations which is further stimulated with SSP-RK43, which is a form of the Runge–Kutta method. The present method has been established for its applicability by the numerical simulation of one-soliton and interaction of two solitons for one- and two-dimensional SG equation. The error norms have been calculated and the obtained results are found to approach the exact solutions. The stability of the method is demonstrated with the help of eigenvalues. The results are found encouraging and thus the method can be implemented to solve the similar nonlinear partial differential equations.
Research and Application of Tobacco Based on Leaf Nicotine Value to Realize Redrying Homogenization Processing
Authors: Liu Hao , Xiao XuBin , Liu HongGuang , Li ZhiHua , He XiaoJian
Published: July 2022

The main component is the manufacturing process of actual tobacco crushing and the redrying procedure. As a result, it requires a high level of overall stability. People should make sure the maintenance and repair system is appropriately considered as a significant task in redrying. Various flavors, including black and green, were tested for tobacco consumption. According to the researchers who tested for tobacco consumption, the amount of nicotine in tea leaves is proved to be highly varying in some cases, much higher than that found in Solanaceae fruits. Here, describing inexpensive redrying purification for homogenization process (IRPHP), with this technique, colicins can be recovered with a higher detection rate and nicotine levels can be reduced that can be used on food. After [Formula: see text]-means cluster verification, one nicotine leaf may be precisely split into several zones for redrying the distribution of exhaust tobacco aroma components (TACs) in various global locations. In general, these findings give essential information to aid in the efficient harvesting and redrying of tobacco plants. Additionally, these data imply that this approach may be used to determine the chemical distributions in leaves that do not have the same arrangement as tobacco leaves.
A Study on Ornated Graphs
Authors: Kok Johan , Naduvath Sudev , Mukungunugwa Vivian
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a finite non-simple directed graph called, an ornated graph. An ornated graph is a directed graph on [Formula: see text] vertices, denoted by [Formula: see text], whose vertices are consecutively labeled clockwise on the circumference of a circle and constructed from an ordered string [Formula: see text]. Joining vertices is such that for an odd indexed entry [Formula: see text] of the string, a tail vertex [Formula: see text] has clockwise heads [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. For an even indexed entry [Formula: see text] of the string, a tail vertex [Formula: see text] has anticlockwise heads [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. Some interesting results for certain types of ornated graphs are presented.
Sarcasm Detection: A Review, Synthesis and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Sahu Geeta Abakash , Hudnurkar Manoj
Published: July 2022

A literature review on sarcasm detection has been undergone in this research work. To have a meaningful study about the existing works on sarcasm detection, a total of 65 research papers have been analyzed in diverse aspects like the datasets utilized, language, pre-processing technique, type of features, feature extraction technique, machine learning/deep learning-based sarcasm classification. All these papers belong to diverse international as well as national journals. Moreover, the performance of each work in terms of accuracy, F-score and recall will also be manifested. To show the superiority of the works, a comparative evaluation has been undergone in terms of analyzed performances of each of the works. Finally, the works that hold the superior or improved values are furnished. In addition, the current challenges faced by the sarcasm detection system are portrayed, and this will be a milestone for future researchers.
THE ART OF HOLISTIC DIGITALISATION: A META-VIEW ON STRATEGY, TRANSFORMATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND MATURITY
Authors: SCHALLMO DANIEL , WILLIAMS CHRISTOPHER A. , TIDD JOE
Published: July 2022

In the new global digital economy, holistic digitalisation has become central for all non-profit and for-profit institutions. Recent developments in digital initiatives have heightened the need to investigate holistic digitalisation. This paper aims to develop a meta-view of holistic digitalisation consisting of several fundamental perspectives for strategically oriented digitalisation. These perspectives include digital strategy, digital transformation of business models, digital implementation, and digital maturity. Each perspective consists of an approach including a procedure model and relevant content. Combined with our previous work, we applied semi-structured interviews and included the insights to develop an initial, grounded theory for a meta-view of holistic digitalisation. The paper offers a relevant concept and outlines an appropriate research methodology to advance this research field. This closes an existing research gap regarding digitalisation.
BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER: THE ROLE OF FAMILY WILLINGNESS AND FAMILY ABILITY IN ACHIEVING HOLISTIC DIGITALISATION IN FAMILY BUSINESSES
Authors: HEIDER ANNE K. , CLAUSS THOMAS , HÜLSBECK MARCEL , GERKEN MAIKE , RÜSEN TOM A.
Published: July 2022

Recently, studies have highlighted the importance of a holistic digitalisation that incorporates process digitalisation, product digitalisation as well as digital transformation involving redefinitions of business models and organisational identities. Whereas previous studies either aimed for generalisability across firms, or investigated digital transformation projects in particular industries, only very few studies investigated the particularities of family businesses (i.e., family influence) in the digitalisation context. Based on a unique dataset of 164 German family firms, our study sheds light on the role of family ability and family willingness for holistic digitalisation. Our results show that product digitalisation is statistically independent from family influence. Whereas process digitalisation benefits only from family ability, digital tranformation is bound to the families’ willingness to pursue the transformation.
THE PLATFORMISATION OF MANUFACTURING: TOWARDS A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE FOR SYSTEMATISING DIGITAL MANUFACTURING PLATFORMS
Authors: LERCH CHRISTIAN M. , HEIMBERGER HEIDI
Published: July 2022

Digital Platforms have profoundly changed many sectors and shaped the concept of the platform economy. While they have been a part of the consumer goods sector for several decades, their development and rise in the manufacturing industry seems to be just beginning. A number of different digital platforms now exist specifically for product manufacturers, such as digital marketplaces for industrial goods, manufacturing as a service, platforms for product development, or platforms addressing digital production and digital product-service offers via the Industrial Internet of Things. Due to this high diversity, this paper aims to deliver a holistic concept that systematises digital platforms in manufacturing using a morphological box. We distinguish and subsequently embed three different main types in an overall development. The results provide insights into the platformisation trend of manufacturing, which not only holds implications for future research, but also serve as a basis for strategic decisions in manufacturing firms.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION—COCREATING A PLATFORM-BASED BUSINESS WITHIN AN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM
Authors: VALKOKARI KATRI , HEMILÄ JUKKA , KÄÄRIÄINEN JUKKA
Published: July 2022

As a practical digital transformation case, this study focuses on an innovation ecosystem that aims tot the business ecosystem in the smart building context. The purpose is to explore digital transformation within an innovation ecosystem, specifically in the context of an emerging digital platform. To study the transformation from the inside out, the study is based on the design science approach, where researchers and practitioners engage in a joint problem-solving process. The holistic approach to digitalisation guided us to consider the process at three levels: (1) strategic decision making and steering level (constructs), (2) coinnovation and coordination level (model) and (3) joint process of the production level (methods). The paper analyses the holistic change process and defines the key elements at each level.
Application of Abnormal Network Traffic Classification in the Teaching System of Distance Political Course
Authors: Lu Lei , Li Yafei , Du Lei
Published: July 2022

Based on the method of the abnormal network traffic classification system of the CNN network, the traffic is encrypted according to the split and capture strategy, which makes it difficult to find the most important value in the whole world. An unconventional network is proposed based on CNN. This method combines several substeps, such as image creation, image selection, sorting, and end-to-end structure, and automatic learning of indirect relations is detected from the required original input and output, and it is possible applicable globally. The ideology of the ideological and political courses and political system of these distance universities is aimed at ensuring the political direction of college students and ensuring a comprehensive understanding of socialism in order to effectively conduct higher education courses. The ideological and political courses of a certain college have different characteristics from other courses. The teaching system provides students with an independent learning environment. Students can use the courses, teaching materials, text, drawings, and video information provided by the system to deepen their understanding and application knowledge.
Correlation between Vegetation Coverage and Thickness of Chestnut Soil Layer in Typical Grassland Based on Multisource Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Kesi Tang , Tuya Wulan , Zifeng Wu , Dash Doljin , Bat-Erdene Tsedev
Published: July 2022

In order to study the correlation between the vegetation coverage of typical grassland and the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer, three typical geomorphic types of Wuzhumuqin typical grassland in Inner Mongolia were selected as experimental plots. It uses 3S technology and the methods of landscape ecology and geostatistics to test the image data and field quadrat in the past three years. It closely combines vegetation ecology with soil environment, the relationship between soil characteristics and vegetation landscape, and makes a correlation analysis on the synergistic evolution of chestnut soil thickness. The relationship between chestnut soil thickness, soil water content, and vegetation coverage under three different geomorphic conditions was obtained. Based on the quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial differences between the vegetation coverage of typical grassland and the thickness of chestnut soil, the spatial distribution patterns of different soil types are revealed. Based on Landsat 8 TM image data, this paper makes statistics of vegetation index (NDVI) at three test sites. The spatial overlap method and the actual observation data are abandoned for spatial interpolation, and the similarity conclusion is obtained. The study shows that among the three sample plots in 2021, except for the original wavy high flat sample plot whose natural environment has been greatly damaged, the correlation coefficient between chestnut calcium soil layer thickness and vegetation coverage in the other two sample plots is also significant in the significance of 0.01 or 0.05 (two-sided test). It shows that there is a very significant positive correlation between the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer and the thickness of chestnut calcium soil layer. The purpose of this paper is to use hyperspectral images to classify different kinds of plants, so as to realize the monitoring of chestnut soil. It will provide rapid and dynamic technical support for desertification control in the future.