bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different judgment frameworks for moral compliance and moral violation
Authors: Shirai Risako , Watanabe Katsumi
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, the field of moral psychology has focused on moral judgments based on some moral foundations/categories (e.g., harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity). When discussing the moral categories, however, whether a person judges moral compliance or moral violation has been rarely considered. We examined the extent to which moral judgments are influenced by each other across moral categories and explored whether the framework of judgments for moral violation and compliance would be different. For this purpose, we developed the episodes set for moral and affective behaviors. For each episode, participants evaluated valence, arousal, morality, and the degree of relevance to each of the Haidt's 5 moral foundations. The cluster analysis showed that the moral compliance episodes were divided into three clusters, whereas the moral violation episodes were divided into two clusters. Also, the additional experiment indicated that the clusters might not be stable in time. These findings suggest that people have different framework of judgments for moral compliance and moral violation.
Male attractiveness is subjective to exposure to males of different attractiveness in fruit flies
Authors: Poissonnier Laure-Anne , Danchin Etienne , Isabel Guillaume
Published: July 2024

Mate choice is a crucial decision in any animal. In terms of fitness, the best mate is the one that leads to the most abundant and productive offspring. Pairing with a low-quality mate would reduce fitness, generating selection for accurate and subtle mate choice in all animal species. Hence, mate choice is expected to be highly context dependent, and should depend on other potential options. For instance, a medium-quality male can constitute the best option when all other males are in poorer condition, but not when there are better-quality males available. Therefore, animals are predicted to gather information about their social context and adapt their mate choice to it. Here, we report on experiments in which we manipulated the social environment of females of Drosophila melanogaster and found that after encountering a high or a low-quality male, they take more or less time to accept copulation with another male, suggesting that females adapt their mating strategy to their social context. We also report on a similar effect in D. biarmiceps. Thus, male attractiveness appears to depend on the quality of recently met males, suggesting that male attractiveness is subjective, indicating plastic and context dependent mate choice.
Cooperation and social organization depend on weighing private and public reputations
Authors: Cavaliere Matteo , Yang Guoli , De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Gross Jörg
Published: July 2024

To avoid exploitation by defectors, people can use past experiences with others when deciding to cooperate or not (‘private information’). Alternatively, people can derive others’ reputation from ‘public’ information provided by individuals within the social network. However, public information may be aligned or misaligned with one’s own private experiences and different individuals, such as ‘friends’ and ‘enemies’, may have different opinions about the reputation of others. Using evolutionary agent-based simulations, we examine how cooperation and social organization is shaped when agents (1) prioritize private or public information about others’ reputation, and (2) integrate others’ opinions using a friend-focused or a friend-and-enemy focused heuristic (relying on reputation information from only friends or also enemies, respectively). When agents prioritize public information and rely on friend-and-enemy heuristics, we observe polarization cycles marked by high cooperation, invasion by defectors, and subsequent population fragmentation. Prioritizing private information diminishes polarization and defector invasions, but also results in limited cooperation. Only when using friend-focused heuristics and following past experiences or the recommendation of friends create prosperous and stable populations based on cooperation. These results show how combining one’s own experiences and the opinions of friends can lead to stable and large-scale cooperation and highlight the important role of following the advice of friends in the evolution of group cooperation.
Analysis of the susceptibility of refractory hepatitis C virus resistant to nonstructural 5A inhibitors
Authors: Toyodome Ai , Mawatari Seiichi , Eguchi Hiromi , Takeda Midori , Kumagai Kotaro , Taniyama Ohki , Ijuin Sho , Sakae Haruka , Tabu Kazuaki , Oda Kohei , Ikeda Masanori , Ido Akio
Published: July 2024

Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) affect the efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to clarify the susceptibility of the coexistence of nonstructural (NS) 5A Q24K/L28M/R30Q (or R30E)/A92K RASs, which were observed in patients with DAAs re-treatment failure and to consider new therapeutic agents. We used a subgenomic replicon system in which HCV genotype 1B strain 1B-4 was electroporated into OR6c cells derived from HuH-7 cells (Wild-type [WT]). We converted WT genes to NS5A Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K or Q24/L28K/R30E/A92K. Compared with the WT, the Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K RASs was 36,000-fold resistant to daclatasvir, 440,000-fold resistant to ledipasvir, 6300-fold resistant to velpatasvir, 3100-fold resistant to elbasvir, and 1.8-fold resistant to pibrentasvir. Compared with the WT, the Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs was 640,000-fold resistant to daclatasvir and ledipasvir, 150,000-fold resistant to velpatasvir, 44,000-fold resistant to elbasvir, and 1500-fold resistant to pibrentasvir. The Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs was 816.3 times more resistant to pibrentasvir than the Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K RASs. Furthermore, a combination of pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir showed therapeutic efficacy against these RASs. Combination regimens may eradicate HCV with NS5A Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs.
L-carnitine co-administration prevents colistin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and reduces the risk of acute kidney injury in mice
Authors: Samodelov Sophia L. , Gai Zhibo , De Luca Francesca , Haldimann Klara , Hobbie Sven N. , Müller Daniel , Kullak-Ublick Gerd A. , Visentin Michele
Published: July 2024

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic currently experiencing renewed clinical interest due to its efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. The frequent onset of acute dose-dependent kidney injury, with the potential of leading to long-term renal damage, has limited its use and hampered adequate dosing regimens, increasing the risk of suboptimal plasma concentrations during treatment. The mechanism of colistin-induced renal toxicity has been postulated to stem from mitochondrial damage, yet there is no direct evidence of colistin acting as a mitochondrial toxin. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether colistin can directly induce mitochondrial toxicity and, if so, uncover the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that colistin leads to a rapid permeability transition of mitochondria isolated from mouse kidney that was fully prevented by co-incubation of the mitochondria with desensitizers of the mitochondrial transition pore cyclosporin A or L-carnitine. The protective effect of L-carnitine was confirmed in experiments in primary cultured mouse tubular cells. Consistently, the relative risk of colistin-induced kidney damage, calculated based on histological analysis as well as by the early marker of tubular kidney injury, Kim-1, was halved under co-administration with L-carnitine in vivo. Notably, L-carnitine neither affected the pharmacokinetics of colistin nor its antimicrobial activity against relevant bacterial strains. In conclusion, colistin targets the mitochondria and induces permeability transition thereof. L-carnitine prevents colistin-induced permeability transition in vitro. Moreover, L-carnitine co-administration confers partial nephroprotection in mice treated with colistin, without interfering with its pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity.
Power regulation of variable speed multi rotor wind systems using fuzzy cascaded control
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Colak Ilhami , Bizon Nicu , Mosaad Mohamed I. , Tella Teshome Goa
Published: July 2024

Power quality is a crucial determinant for integrating wind energy into the electrical grid. This integration necessitates compliance with certain standards and levels. This study presents cascadedfuzzy power control (CFPC) for a variable-speed multi-rotor wind turbine (MRWT) system. Fuzzy logic is a type of smart control system already recognized for its robustness, making it highly suited and reliable for generating electrical energy from the wind. Therefore, the CFPC technique is proposed in this work to control the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based MRWT system. This proposed strategy is applied to the rotor side converter of a DFIG to improve the current/power quality. The proposed control has the advantage of being model-independent, as it relies on empirical knowledge rather than the specific characteristics of the DFIG or turbine. Moreover, the proposed control system is characterized by its simplicity, high performance, robustness, and ease of application. The implementation of CFPC management for 1.5 MW DFIG-MRWT was carried out in MATLAB environment considering a variable wind speed. The obtained results were compared with the direct power control (DPC) technique based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers (DPC-PI), highlighting that the CFPC technique reduced total harmonic distortion by high ratios in the three tests performed (25%, 30.18%, and 47.22%). The proposed CFPC technique reduced the response time of reactive power in all tests by ratios estimated at 83.76%, 65.02%, and 91.42% compared to the DPC-PI strategy. Also, the active power ripples were reduced by satisfactory proportions (37.50%, 32.20%, and 38.46%) compared to the DPC-PI strategy. The steady-state error value of reactive power in the tests was low when using the CFPC technique by 86.60%, 57.33%, and 72.26%, which indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed CFPC technique in improving the characteristics of the system. Thus this control can be relied upon in the future.
Noninvasive reconstruction of internal heat source in biological tissue using adaptive simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Ye Fuli , Shi Diwen , Xu Cheng , Li Kaiyang , Lin Minyue , Shi Guilian
Published: July 2024

The heat distribution information of human lesions is of great value for disease analysis, diagnosis, and treatment. It is a typical inverse problem of heat conduction that deriving the distribution of internal heat sources from the temperature distribution on the body surface. This paper transforms such an inverse problem of bio-heat transfer into a direct one, thereby avoiding complex boundary conditions and regularization processes. To noninvasively reconstruct the internal heat source and its corresponding 3D temperature field in biological tissue, the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithm is used in the simulation module, where the position P(x, y, z) of point heat source in biological tissue and its corresponding temperature T are set as the optimization variables. Under a certain optimized sample, one can obtain the simulated temperature distributing on the surface of the module, then subtract the simulated temperature from the measured temperature of the same surface which was measured using a thermal infrared imager. If the sum of absolute values of the difference is smaller, it indicates that the current sample is closer to the true location and temperature of the heat source. When the values of optimization variables are determined, the corresponding 3D temperature field is also confirmed. The simulation results show the simulated position and temperature of the heat source are very approximate with those of the real experimental module. The method presented in this paper has enormous potential and promising prospects in clinical research and application, such as tumor hyperthermia, disease thermal diagnosis technology, etc.
Seismic performance and cost comparison of RC moment resisting and dual frames using UBC 97 and IBC 2021
Authors: Shakeel Sarmad , Khan Saadan Hussain , Saqib Syed Aayan , Khan Muhammad Awais , Moiz Muhammad Abdul
Published: July 2024

The transition from the Uniform Building Code (UBC-97) to the International Building Code (IBC-21) marked a major shift in the definition of seismic hazard. The term “seismic hazard” in the form of peak ground acceleration (PGA) is replaced by spectral acceleration. This paper investigates the effect of using new seismic hazards on the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It also looks into the financial impact on the capital costs of new buildings. Useful insights are made to understand the structural performance and financial impact of adopting IBC 21 for structural design in contrast to UBC 97. This study was carried out from the perspective of a developing country, Pakistan. Reinforced concrete moment resisting and dual frames are used as the main structural system of a typical 7-story residential building to investigate the aforementioned effect. The frames are assumed to be located in two locations with high and low seismic hazards. The effect on structural performance is investigated via nonlinear pushover analysis. Financial impact is judged mainly through cost estimation for steel and concrete. A detailed discussion is also presented on the seismic design guidelines in both codes.
Causality of genetically determined blood metabolites on inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Long Xiongquan , Zhang Yuyang , Liu Mingzhu , Liu Zihao , Xia Lvzhou , Xu Xiaoping , Wu Minghao
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, including two subtypes: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Metabolic disorders are important factors in the development of IBD. However, the evidence for the causal relationship between blood metabolites and IBD remains limited. A two-sample MR analysis was applied to evaluate relationships between 486 blood metabolites and IBD. The inverse variance weighted method was chosen as the primary MR analysis method. False discovery rate correction was used to control for false positives in multiple testing. Following complementary and sensitivity analyses were conducted using methods such as weight median, MR-egger, weighted mode, simple mode, Cochran Q test, and MR-PRESSO. Moreover, we performed replication, meta-analysis, Steiger test, and linkage disequilibrium score regression to enhance the robustness of the results. Additionally, we performed metabolic pathway analysis to identify potential metabolic pathways. As a result, we identified four significant causal associations between four blood metabolites and two IBD subtypes. Specifically, one metabolite was identified as being associated with the development of CD (mannose: odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.43, P = 8.54 × 10–5). Three metabolites were identified as being associated with the development of UC (arachidonate (20:4n6): OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.11–0.30, P = 2.09 × 10–11; 1, 5-anhydroglucitol: OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.47–3.34, P = 1.50 × 10–4; 2-stearoylglycerophosphocholine: OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.53–4.63, P = 5.30 × 10–4). The findings of our study suggested that the identified metabolites and metabolic pathways can be considered as useful circulating metabolic biomarkers for the screening and prevention of IBD in clinical practice, as well as candidate molecules for future mechanism exploration and drug target selection.
High-pressure phase transition in 3-D printed nanolamellar high-entropy alloy by imaging and simulation insights
Authors: Pope Andrew D. , Chen Wen , Chen Hangman , Cao Penghui , Yeghishyan Armenuhi , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Manukyan Khachatur , Vohra Yogesh K.
Published: July 2024

We report on the high-resolution imaging and molecular dynamics simulations of a 3D-printed eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) Ni40Co20Fe10Cr10Al18W2 consisting of nanolamellar BCC and FCC phases. The direct lattice imaging of 3D-printed samples shows the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) orientation relation {111} FCC parallel to {110} BCC planes in the dual-phase lamellae. Unlike traditional iron and steels, this alloy shows an irreversible BCC-to-FCC phase transformation under high pressures. The nanolamellar morphology is maintained after pressure cycling to 30 GPa, and nano-diffraction studies show both layers to be in the FCC phase. The chemical compositions of the dual-phase lamellae after pressure recovery remain unchanged, suggesting a diffusion-less BCC–FCC transformation in this EHEA. The lattice imaging of the pressure-recovered sample does not show any specific orientation relation between the two resulting FCC phases, indicating that many grain orientations are produced during the BCC–FCC phase transformation. Molecular dynamics simulations on phase transformation in a nanolamellar BCC/FCC in K–S orientation show that phase transformation from BCC to FCC is completed under high pressures, and the FCC phase is retained on decompression aided by the stable interfaces. Our work elucidates the irreversible phase transformation under static compression, providing an understanding of the orientation relationships in 3-D printed EHEA under high pressures.
Modeling pediatric antibiotic use in an area of declining malaria prevalence
Authors: Rautman Lydia Helen , Eibach Daniel , Boateng Felix Osei , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Hanson Henry , Maiga-Ascofaré Oumou , May Jürgen , Krumkamp Ralf
Published: July 2024

In malaria-endemic areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, overlap of clinical symptoms between malarial and non-malarial febrile illnesses can lead to empiric use of antibiotics among children. Our study aimed to illustrate the potential impact of decreasing malaria prevalence from malaria control efforts on antibiotic use. We constructed a probabilistic decision tree model representing antibiotic prescription in febrile children < 5 years. This model was used to predict change in absolute antibiotic use compared to baseline under levels of decreasing malaria prevalence. Model parameters were based on data from a hospital study in Ghana and validated via literature review. The baseline prevalence of malaria diagnoses was 52% among all hospitalized children. For our main results, we reported outcomes for a scenario representing a 50% decrease in malaria prevalence. Compared to baseline, absolute antibiotic prescription decreased from a baseline of 639 doses (95% CI 574–694) to 575 (95% CI 502–638). This reflected a 10% (95% CI 7%–13%) decrease in absolute antibiotic use. Our findings demonstrate that effective malaria control can reduce pediatric antibiotic use. However, until substantial progress is made in developing accurate diagnostics for non-malarial febrile illnesses, further reductions in antibiotic use will remain a challenge.
Associations between tinnitus and body composition: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Sang-Yoon , Lee Sang-Yeon , Suh Myung-Whan , Lee Jun Ho , Park Moo Kyun
Published: July 2024

The relationship between tinnitus and body composition in specific regions has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to identify associations between tinnitus and body composition. Individuals with data on physical and otological examination findings, and bioelectrical impedance analysis were included from the ninth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. They were divided into a tinnitus group and a non-tinnitus group. Participants with tinnitus were further classified into acute or chronic tinnitus group. The tinnitus group showed significantly higher body fat percentages in each region (arms: P = 0.014; legs: P = 0.029; trunk: P = 0.008; whole body: P = 0.010) and waist circumference (P = 0.007) than the non-tinnitus group, and exhibited lower leg muscle percentage (P = 0.038), total body fluid percentage (P = 0.010), and intracellular fluid percentage (P = 0.009) than the non-tinnitus group in men. Furthermore, men with chronic tinnitus showed a significantly higher trunk fat percentage (P = 0.015) and waist circumference (P = 0.043), and lower intracellular fluid percentage (P = 0.042) than their counterparts without tinnitus. No significant differences in body composition were observed among the groups in the female population. In men, body composition may be associated with tinnitus.
Predictive modelling of freeway space utilising clinical history, normalised muscle activity, dental occlusion, and mandibular movement analysis
Authors: Farook Taseef Hasan , Haq Tashreque Mohammed , Ramees Lameesa , Dudley James
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to predict dental freeway space by examining the clinical history, habits, occlusal parameters, mandibular hard tissue movement, soft tissue motion, muscle activity, and temporomandibular joint function of 66 participants. Data collection involved video-based facial landmark tracking, mandibular electrognathography, surface electromyography of mandibular range of motion, freeway space, chewing tasks, phonetic expressions, joint vibration analysis, and 3D jaw scans of occlusion. This resulted in a dataset of 121 predictor features, with freeway space as the target variable. Six models were trained on synthetic data ranging from 500 to 25,000 observations, with 65 original observations reserved for testing: Linear Regression, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, XGBoost Regressor, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MPNN), and TabNet. Explainable AI indicated that key predictors of freeway space included phonetics, resting temporalis muscle activity, mandibular muscle activity during clenching, body weight, mandibular hard tissue lateral displacements, and dental arch parameters. CatBoost excelled with a test error of 0.65 mm using 5000 synthetic data points, while a refined MPNN achieved the best performance with 25,000 synthetic data points and 121 unique predictors, yielding an absolute error of 0.43 mm on the 65 original observations.
WWP1 inhibition increases SHP2 inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fan Hao , Hu Xuefei , Cao Fuao , Zhou Leqi , Wen Rongbo , Shen Hao , Fu Yating , Zhu Xiaoming , Jia Hang , Liu Zixuan , Wang Guimin , Yu Guanyu , Chang Wenjun , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2024

Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 activates RAS signaling, which is a novel target for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, SHP2 inhibitor monotherapy is ineffective for metastatic CRC and a combination therapy is required. In this study, we aimed to improve the antitumor efficacy of SHP2 inhibition and try to explore the resistance mechanism of SHP2 inhibitor. Results showed that WWP1 promoted the proliferation of CRC cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of WWP1 enhanced the effect of SHP2 inhibitor in suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. WWP1 may mediate feedback reactivation of AKT signaling following SHP2 inhibition. Furthermore, nomogram models constructed with IHC expression of WWP1 and SHP2 greatly improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction for patients with CRC. Our findings indicate that WWP1 inhibitor I3C can synergize with SHP2 inhibitor and is expected to be a new strategy for clinical trials in treating advanced CRC patients.
Splittable systems in biomedical applications
Authors: Yuan Sichen , Bremmer Alexa , Yang Xicheng , Li Jiayue , Hu Quanyin
Published: July 2024

Splittable systems divide active molecules into inactive parts that recombine under specific conditions for versatile biomedical uses. Applications include immunotherapy, gene editing, prodrug activation, synthetic biology, and biosensing.
An in situ DRIFTS-MS study on elucidating the role of V in the selective oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid over heteropolyacid compounds
Authors: Chansai Sarayute , Kato Yuki , Ninomiya Wataru , Hardacre Christopher
Published: July 2024

The role of vanadium in 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid (H4PMo11VO40, HPMoV) has been investigated and compared with 12-modybdophosphoric acid (H3PMo12O40, HPMo) using in situ DRIFTS-MS technique.
Universal neural network potentials as descriptors: towards scalable chemical property prediction using quantum and classical computers
Authors: Shiota Tomoya , Ishihara Kenji , Mizukami Wataru
Published: July 2024

Using outputs from a pre-trained universal neural network potential's graph layer as descriptors enables efficient and accurate predictions of molecular properties. These descriptors are compact yet perform as well as the best current descriptors.
Co3O4 (111) surfaces in contact with water: molecular dynamics study of the surface chemistry and structure at room temperature
Authors: Kox Tim , Kenmoe Stephane
Published: July 2024

Room temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the structure and reactivity of Co3O4 (111) surfaces upon adsorption and dissociation of a thin water film, considering both Co-rich and O-rich terminations.
Synergistic effects of the substrate–ligand interaction in metal–organic complexes on the de-electronation kinetics of a vitamin C fuel cell
Authors: Parmar Muskan , Mukhopadhyay Sanchayita , Mondal Ritwik , Nayak Bhojkumar , Dargily Neethu Christudas , Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish Makri , Vinod Chathakudath Prabhakaran , Ottakam Thotiyl Musthafa
Published: July 2024

A precious metal-free biomass fuel cell through substrate–ligand interactions.
Oxochlorin frameworks confining a β-hydroxyketone moiety
Authors: Chaudhri Nivedita , Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J. , Zeller Matthias , Brückner Christian
Published: July 2024

Despite the formal presence of an acac-like moiety, β-oxo-meso-OH-porphyrins do not bind 3d and 4d metal ions at their periphery. This is attributed to the loss of macrocycle aromaticity upon expression of an acac-like chelate.
UV-Vis spectrophotometric determination of rare earth elements (REE) speciation at near-neutral to alkaline pH. Part I: m-cresol purple properties from 25–75 °C and Er hydrolysis
Authors: Han Hannah Juan , Gysi Alexander P.
Published: July 2024

An improved UV-Vis/mCP method was developed for in situ pH measurement and Er hydrolysis constants determination in solutions and their implication for interpretation of Er transport and absorption in the regolith-hosted ion adsorption deposits.
Pros and cons of hole-selective self-assembled monolayers in inverted PSCs and TSCs: extensive case studies and data analysis
Authors: Li Chi , Chen Yong , Zhang Zilong , Liu Chunming , Guo Fengming , Ahmad Waqas , Gao Peng
Published: July 2024

HSSAMs with diverse structures, encompassing various anchoring and functional groups, were systematically categorized and their multifaceted roles in inverted PSCs and TSCs and their correlation with device performance were investigated.
Measuring heat transfer processes in gully pots for real-time estimation of accumulated sediment depths
Authors: Regueiro-Picallo Manuel , Moreno-Rodenas Antonio , Clemens-Meyer Francois
Published: July 2024

The accumulation of sediments in stormwater systems negatively affects their functioning.
Exploring opportunities in operando DRIFTS and complementary techniques for advancing plasma catalysis
Authors: Dell’Orco Stefano , Leick Noemi , Alleman Jeffrey L. , Habas Susan E. , Mukarakate Calvin
Published: July 2024

Exploring the dynamic interaction of non-thermal plasma (NTP) with catalytic processes is critical to unravelling elusive catalyst structure–function relationships under NTP conditions, specifically dielectric barrier discharges (DBD).
Sex-specific effects of intermittent fasting on hippocampal neurogenesis via the gut-brain axis
Authors: Luo Yimin , Wang Hui , Chen Zhaomin , Deng Yuqing , Zhang Yuran , Hu Wenjie
Published: July 2024

IF promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG region. IF alters gut microbiota, decrease F-1-P, with sex-specific differences.
N-Glycan profile of the cell membrane as a probe for lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial neuroinflammation uncovers the effects of common fatty acid supplementation
Authors: Grijaldo-Alvarez Sheryl Joyce B. , Alvarez Michael Russelle S. , Schindler Ryan Lee , Oloumi Armin , Hernandez Noah , Seales Tristan , Angeles Jorge Gil C. , Nacario Ruel C. , Completo Gladys C. , Zivkovic Angela M. , Bruce German J. , Lebrilla Carlito B.
Published: July 2024

Aberrant glycosylation induced by LPS in the microglial glycocalyx can be restored by dietary and gut microbe-derived fatty acids highlighting their potential to relieve neuroinflammation.
Associations of dietary patterns with risk of gastrointestinal disorders: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Weiyi , Zhao Yingying , Lu Haojie , Yi Jing , Li Jia , Song Xuemei , Zhang Jia , Yang Shuaishuai , Ni Jingjing , Wang Zhen , Shi Yuting , Ni Yuxin , Zhang Zhihao , Zhu Sijia , Nie Shaofa , Liu Li
Published: July 2024

Adherence to healthy diets may help prevent GI disorders, with AHEI-2010 and DASH being the most recommended dietary patterns. Fruits and whole grains play an important role in the relationship between dietary patterns and GI disorders.
Two-dimensional Be2P4 as a promising thermoelectric material and anode for Na/K-ion batteries
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Chauhan Poonam , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2024

Incredibly effective and flexible energy conversion and storage systems hold great promise for portable self-powered electronic devices.
Recent advances in the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-containing heterocyclic compounds via trifluoromethyl building blocks
Authors: Liu Yaopeng , Tian Qingyu , Ge Jin , Wu Xi , Li Zhenghao , Cheng Guolin
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in the preparation of trifluoromethyl-containing heterocyclics via trifluoromethyl building block strategies over the period from 2019 to the present are systematically summarized and discussed.
An AIE-active tetra-aryl imidazole-derived chemodosimeter for turn-on recognition of hydrazine and its bioimaging in living cells
Authors: Li Qing-Xiu , Yuan Yan-Ju , Cheng Rui-Xing , Ma Yu , Tan Rui , Wang Ya-Wen , Peng Yu
Published: July 2024

A new turn-on fluorescent probe SWJT-31 with an AIE effect based on tetraaryl imidazole was developed, which could recognize hydrazine by the TICT effect.
Synthesis and polymerization of polyelectrolyte-based conductive inks: the protagonism of the coadjutant oxidizing salt
Authors: Gómez Higuita Germán D. , Günther Florian , Schroeder Bob C. , Faria Gregório C.
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate that oxidant agent ions, required for PEDOT:PSS synthesis, affect the PSS chain conformation and the final properties of the ink.
Understanding the mechanisms of green tea EGCG against amyloid β oligomer neurotoxicity through computational studies
Authors: Gonçalves Priscila Baltazar , Cordeiro Yraima , Rennó Sodero Ana Carolina
Published: July 2024

EGCG and EC bind to the same sites on AβOs. However, EGCG forms H-bond and π-interactions with key residues more efficiently, leading to drastic remodeling that results in full detoxification of AβOs, while EC only partially detoxifies the AβOs.
Zinc(ii)-mediated stereoselective construction of 1,2-cis 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosidic linkage: assembly of Acinetobacter baumannii K48 capsular pentasaccharide derivative
Authors: Zhao Xiaoya , Ding Han , Guo Aoxin , Zhong Xuemei , Zhou Siai , Wang Guoqing , Liu Yuhua , Ishiwata Akihiro , Tanaka Katsunori , Cai Hui , Liu Xue-Wei , Ding Feiqing
Published: July 2024

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a major virulence factor of the pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii and a promising target for vaccine development.
Probing machine learning models based on high throughput experimentation data for the discovery of asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Kalikadien Adarsh V. , Valsecchi Cecile , van Putten Robbert , Maes Tor , Muuronen Mikko , Dyubankova Natalia , Lefort Laurent , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: July 2024

High-throughput experimentation and computational chemistry were used to build machine learning models for Rh-catalyzed asymmetric olefin hydrogenation, identifying numerous factors affecting the accuracy of selectivity and reactivity predictions.
10-Dibenzothiophenyl-9,9-diphenylacridane-based multiple resonance emitters for high-efficiency narrowband green OLEDs with CIE y > 0.7 at high doping concentrations
Authors: Zhong Rui , Wang Mengyu , Wang Xingdong , Wang Shumeng , Shao Shiyang , Wang Lixiang
Published: July 2024

Multiple resonance emitters containing a 10-dibenzothiophenyl-9,9-diphenylacridane segment are developed to suppress intermolecular aggregation, revealing high-efficiency pure-green electroluminescence at high doping concentrations.
Two-dimensional azulenoid kekulene-based metallic allotropes for energy storage applications
Authors: Younis Umer , Qayyum Fizzah , Ahmad Waqas , Hassan Arzoo , Singh Nisha , Yaseen Muhammad , Zhang Yanning , Wang Zhiming
Published: July 2024

Azulenoid kekulene-based metallic materials for high performance sodium-ion batteries.
Zn leaching reconstructs high-entropy hydroxyl oxides for efficient OER at large current density
Authors: Liang Xiaolong , Xu Ke , Gao Wenqian , Liang Jing , Lv Tianming , Zhang Huanyue , Lu Jun , Zou Lie , Liu Jinxuan
Published: July 2024

An FeCoNiZnOOH/NF high-entropy catalyst was prepared through one-step electrodeposition. The performance is improved after OER, which is attributed to the increase in lattice oxygen content and ECSA due to the leaching of the Zn element.
An Interpretable Siamese Attention Res‐CNN for Fingerprint Spoofing Detection
Authors: Yuan Chengsheng , Xu Zhenyu , Li Xinting , Zhou Zhili , Huang Junhao , Guo Ping
Published: July 2024

In recent years, fingerprint authentication has gained widespread adoption in diverse identification systems, including smartphones, wearable devices, and attendance machines, etc. Nonetheless, these systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks from suspicious fingerprints, posing significant risks to privacy. Consequently, a fingerprint presentation attack detection (PAD) strategy is proposed to ensure the security of these systems. Most of the previous work concentrated on how to build a deep learning framework to improve the PAD performance by augmenting fingerprint samples, and little attention has been paid to the fundamental difference between live and fake fingerprints to optimize feature extractors. This paper proposes a new fingerprint liveness detection method based on Siamese attention residual convolutional neural network (Res‐CNN) that offers an interpretative perspective to this challenge. To leverage the variance in ridge continuity features (RCFs) between live and fake fingerprints, a Gabor filter is utilized to enhance the texture details of the fingerprint ridges, followed by the construction of an attention Res‐CNN model to extract RCF between the live and fake fingerprints. The model mitigates the performance deterioration caused by gradient disappearance. Furthermore, to highlight the difference in RCF, a Siamese attention residual network is devised, and the ridge continuity amplification loss function is designed to optimize the training process. Ultimately, the RCF parameters are transferred to the model, and transfer learning is utilized to aid its acquisition, thereby assuring the model’s interpretability. The experimental outcomes conducted on three publicly accessible fingerprint datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, exhibiting remarkable performance in both true detection rate and average classification error rate. Moreover, our method exhibits remarkable capabilities in PAD tasks, including cross‐material experiments and cross‐sensor experiments. Additionally, we leverage Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping to generate a heatmap that visualizes the interpretability of our model, offering a compelling visual validation.
Anomaly detection in network traffic with ELSC learning algorithm
Authors: Khan Muhammad Muntazir , Rehman Muhammad Zubair , Khan Abdullah , Abusham Eimad
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the internet has not only enhanced the quality of our lives but also made us susceptible to high‐frequency cyber‐attacks on communication networks. Detecting such attacks on network traffic is made possible by intrusion detection systems (IDS). IDSs can be broadly divided into two groups based on the type of detection they provide. According to the established rules, the first signature‐based IDS detects threats. Secondly, anomaly‐based IDS detects abnormal conditions in the network. Various machine and deep learning approaches have been used to detect anomalies in network traffic in the past. To improve the detection of anomalies in network traffic, researchers have compared several machine learning models, such as support vector machines (SVM), logistic regressions (LRs), K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Nave Bayes (NBs), and boosting algorithms. The accuracy, precision, and recall of many studies have been satisfactory to an extent. Therefore, this paper proposes an ensemble learning‐based stacking classifier (ELSC) to achieve a better accuracy rate. In the proposed ELSC algorithm, KNN, NB, LR, and Decision Trees (DT) served as the base classifiers, while SVM served as the meta classifier. Based on a Network Intrusion detection dataset provided by Kaggle.com, ELSC is compared to base classifiers such as KNN, NB, LR, DT, SVM, and Linear Discriminate Analysis. As a result of the simulations, the proposed ELBS stacking classifier was found to outperform the other comparative models and converge with an accuracy of 99.4%.
Modular digital twin modelling method for 10 kV cable lines based on real‐time temperature field inversion
Authors: Huang Shijie , Niu Haiqing
Published: July 2024

State perception of long‐span 10 kV cable lines is one of the critical issues in building intelligent distribution networks. Digital twin (DT), which can map the physical status of equipment in real‐time, has received extensive attention. However, traditional modelling methods cannot meet the requirement of long‐span complex DT's real‐time computation and scalability. In order to reduce the modelling cost and improve the calculation speed, a modular DT modelling method for cable lines based on real‐time temperature field inversion is proposed. The authors develop a modular reduced‐order modelling method that applies to long‐span 10 kV cable lines. Combined with the temperature field inversion, a DT inversion algorithm is proposed to evaluate the transient temperature field and contact resistance inside cable lines, which has been used to evaluate the emergency load capacity. Finally, temperature rise tests verified the DT inversion algorithm's correctness. The operating status of cable lines was evaluated through the modular DT, and the emergency time and emergency ampacity were calculated. The result shows that the new method meets the real‐time and high‐precision requirements of DT calculation in actual operation scenarios. It can be easily extended to cable lines of different voltage levels.
Low‐light visibility enhancement for improving visual surveillance in intelligent waterborne transportation systems
Authors: Liu Ryan Wen , Han Chu , Huang Yanhong
Published: July 2024

Under low‐light imaging conditions, visual scenes captured by intelligent waterborne transportation systems often suffer from low‐intensity illumination and noise corruption. The visual quality degradation would lead to negative effects in maritime surveillance, e.g., vessel detection, positioning and tracking, etc. To restore the low‐light images, we develop an effective visibility enhancement method, which contains a coarse‐to‐fine framework of spatially‐smooth illumination estimation. In particular, the refined illumination is effectively generated by optimizing a novel structure‐preserving variational model on the coarse version, estimated through the Max‐RGB method. The proposed variational model has the capacity of suppressing the textural details while preserving the main structures in the refined illumination map. To further boost imaging performance, the refined illumination is adjusted through the Gamma correction to increase brightness in dark regions. We then estimate the refined reflection map by implementing the joint denoising and detail boosting strategies on the original reflection. In this work, the original reflection is yielded by dividing the input image using the refined illumination. We finally produce the enhanced image by multiplying the adjusted illumination and the refined reflection. Experiments on synthetic and realistic datasets illustrate that our method can achieve comparable results to the state‐of‐the‐art techniques under different imaging conditions.
Guest Editorial: Unfolding the potential of 5G technologies for future wireless networks
Authors: Jeon Gwanggil , Ahmad Awais , Chehri Abdellah , Wen Shiping
Published: July 2024

With the rapid advancements in mobile Internet and smartphones, data traffic in current mobile communication systems is growing exponentially. At the same time, demands for lower latency, increased robustness, and higher energy efficiency are becoming more stringent. In response, 5G technology promises to meet these demands and is currently garnering extensive research interest from both industry and academia. 5G is not just an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it is a transformative technology designed to revolutionise mobile communications. By offering significantly higher speeds, reduced latency, and the ability to connect a massive number of devices simultaneously, 5G stands to impact a wide range of applications from autonomous vehicles to smart cities, healthcare, and beyond. Significant progress has been made in the standardisation and field deployment of 5G networks. Organisations such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) have been instrumental in developing the standards that define 5G technologies. Moreover, various pilot projects and commercial deployments have been initiated around the world, showcasing the practical capabilities of 5G in real‐world environments.
Unravelling seasonal dynamics: Inter-station correlations and hydrological assessments of Topľa river in the Bardejov basin
Authors: Almikaeel Wael , Cubanova Lea
Published: July 2024

The study delves into the complex seasonal dynamics of water levels in the Topl'a River, strategically positioned within the Bardejov basin. Hydrological assessments, aided by the water-bearing coefficient, classify the hydrological situation into Wet, Normal, or Dry conditions, creating a robust framework for clustering water levels across different years. The measurement stations, strategically located in Bardejovská Dlhá Lúka (stream Kamenec), Bardejov (river Topľa), Kľušovská Zábava (stream Šibská voda), and Gerlachov (river Topľa), contribute unique insights. Notably, Gerlachov and Bardejov represent different locations of the same stream, while Šibská voda and Kamenec are spatially proximate to Bardejov, experiencing similar meteorological conditions. Results from statistical analyses showcase distinctive seasonality patterns at each location and how the correlation between these stations evolves across different hydrological conditions. Intriguingly, the findings reveal an insignificant spatial relationship of correlation between station locations and seasonality, challenging conventional expectations. The implications of these results for water management and resources are discussed, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of seasonality dynamics in optimizing water resource planning.
Natural gums as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel
Authors: Crișan Claudia Alice , Vermeșan Horațiu
Published: July 2024

In this study the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Guar gum and Arabic gum are investigated on mild steel in concentrated chlorohydric acid. Weight loss and electrochemical methods, potentiondynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to determine the optimum concentration of each gum. The results show that there is a direct correlation between concentration of inhibitor and corrosion inhibition efficiency, therefore the best efficiency was obtained at the highest concentration, 3.3 g/l. When comparing the two polysaccharides Guar gums has a better inhibition effect than Arabic gum at the same concentration. The inhibition mechanism was analysed by fitting the electrochemical results to an adsorption isotherm. This research offers a green alternative to the synthetic inhibitors used in today’s industry during acid pickling in the manufacturing process of mild steel. Both substances are naturally obtained and considered green corrosion inhibitors due to their negligible impact on the environment. Future research on the topic will include more natural compounds tests in the same experimental conditions and comparing them to market inhibitors in terms of efficiency.
Planes geometry verification program written in Python
Authors: Madiev Aset , Erdelyi Jan , Honti Richard
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been significant progress in sensor and scanning technologies in the computer vision and 3D visualization field. This has led to an increased interest in processing and analysing point clouds, which are groups of 3D points collected by laser scanners, stereo cameras, and drones. The data obtained from these devices has a wide range of applications. This article focuses on using point cloud data to verify planar structural elements of buildings. The article aims to present a methodology for analysing planar point cloud objects using 3D models in IFC format as reference data. The research includes processing data in IFC format, exporting geometric information, segmenting plane objects from a point cloud obtained by laser scanning, and analysing the data obtained. We provide the necessary graphic materials and code to enhance the content of the article. We also evaluate the results and create an outline for future work.
The preliminary findings from tests of a mobile mapping system
Authors: Brindza Jan , Erdelyi Jan , Kyrinovic Peter
Published: July 2024

The paper is focused on describing the prototype of a mobile mapping system and presenting the preliminary findings from tests of its components. The mobile mapping system consists of a combination of several components, including three 2D lidars, a 3D lidar, an inertial measurement unit, a stereo camera, and rotary encoders. The paper describes the planned tests of each component and the entire mobile mapping system. The results from lidar and rotary encoder testing are presented. Differences in measured distance were calculated for lidars, based on which they were compared to each other. Testing of rotary encoders was conducted to determine the conversion constant of measured increments from rotary encoders to metric units, followed by the determination of their accuracy.
Reliability assessment of composite column according to Monte Carlo Simulation and Latin Hypercube Sampling
Authors: Zogu Pellumb , Schäfer Markus
Published: July 2024

When a structural element, like a column, is evaluated for resistance using the finite element method or analytical calculation, all parameters related to the resistance side and action effect are treated as deterministic. Nevertheless, in probabilistic analyses, these parameters are regarded as random variables, which are defined using various distributions like the normal distribution, log-normal distribution, beta, or gamma distribution. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) are two sampling methods widely used for generating random samples from statistical distribution. The number of samples generated influences the accuracy of the sampling methods especially the Monte Carlo Simulation; generally speaking, the more samples generated, the more accurate the results and this also implies a significant amount of work and computation time. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to compare the two sampling methods for the reliability assessment of the resistance of the composite column to flexural buckling under compression force.