bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Iterative Approach to Novel Polyamines via Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening of Aziridinium Ions with β‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: McKay Christopher , Wilson Robert J. , Rayner Christopher M.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Vinyl 1,2‐Diketones.
Authors: Habel Lothar W. , De Keersmaecker Sigrid , Wahlen Joos , Jacobs Pierre A. , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: August 2004

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Design, Synthesis and Anticonvulsive Activity of Analogues of γ‐Vinyl GABA.
Authors: Zhao Long Xuan , Park Jae Gyu , Moon Yoon‐Soo , Basnet Arjun , Choi Jongwon , Kim Eun‐kyung , Jeong Tae Cheon , Jahng Yurngdong , Lee Eung‐Seok
Published: August 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of Isomers of the Naturally Occurring 13‐Hydroxy‐2,4,9‐tetracatrienoic Acid. Part 2.
Authors: Huefner Antje , Hoeller Christa , Reznicek Gottfried
Published: August 2004

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Formal [3 + 2] Addition of Acceptor‐Substituted Cyclopropylmethylsilanes with Aryl Acetylenes.
Authors: Yadav Veejendra K. , Sriramurthy Vardhineedi
Published: August 2004

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Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Reaction of Allenynes: Selective Construction of Cycloheptene, Bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienone, and Bicyclo[5.2.0]nonene Frameworks.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Yoshida Tatsunori , Kitagaki Shinji
Published: August 2004

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Regioselective Formation of Optically Active Cycloheptatrienes by Chiral Tethered Buechner Reaction.
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Ohuchi Naoko , Kagawa Masami , Hagiya Kazutake , Okuyama Tadashi
Published: August 2004

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A New Useful Entry of IBX: The Synthesis and Structure of α‐(2‐Iodobenzoyloxy)ketones.
Authors: Pan Zhen‐liang , Liu Xue‐yuan , Liang Yong‐min
Published: August 2004

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o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) as a Viable Reagent in the Manipulation of Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Substrates: Scope, Generality, and Mechanism of IBX‐Mediated Amine Oxidations and Dithiane Deprotections.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Mathison Casey J. N. , Montagnon Tamsyn
Published: August 2004

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Iron‐Mediated Allylation of Aryl Aldehydes in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Chan Tak Chung , Lau Chak Po , Chan Tak Hang
Published: August 2004

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Modified and Convenient Methods for the Preparation of Some Nitro Musks.
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Bamoniri Abdolhamid
Published: August 2004

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A New Method for the Synthesis of γ‐Oxobutyronitriles via Addition of Aroyl Chlorides to Acrylonitrile Promoted by Samarium Metal in DMF.
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zhang Yongmin
Published: August 2004

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A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Sulfides from Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Ham Jungyeob , Yang Inho , Kang Heonjoong
Published: August 2004

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Cross‐Coupling and Dehalogenation Reactions Catalyzed by (N‐Heterocyclic carbene)Pd(allyl)Cl Complexes.
Authors: Navarro Oscar , Kaur Harneet , Mahjoor Parisa , Nolan Steven P.
Published: August 2004

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Natural Phosphate and Potassium Fluoride Doped Natural Phosphate: Efficient Catalysts for the Construction of a Carbon—Nitrogen Bond.
Authors: Zahouily Mohamed , Bahlaouan Bouchaib , Rayadh Ahmed , Sebti Said
Published: August 2004

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An Anomalous Houben—Hoesch Reaction and Some Applications in Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Sanchez‐Viesca F. , Gomez Maria R. , Berros Martha
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐ and 2,5‐Dichlorobenzophenones.
Authors: Pinkus A. G. , Ma F. S. Y. , Meng L. Y. C. , Chang T. C.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Antihemolytic Activity of Disulfates of Bis(phenoles) and a Series of Dicarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Andiya‐Pravdivyi Yu. E. , Bureeva S. V. , Kaplun A. P. , Shvets V. I.
Published: August 2004

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Highly Substituted Enynes via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Three Carbon—Carbon Bonds Forming Reaction Procedure from Benzyl Halides and Alkynyl Tributyltin Reagents.
Authors: Pottier Laurent Romain , Peyrat Jean‐Francois , Alami Mouad , Brion Jean‐Daniel
Published: August 2004

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Trichlorolanthanoid(cat.)/Zinc System Promoted Cyclodimerization of Arylidenemalononitriles and Arylmethylenecyanoacetates.
Authors: Su Weike , Yang Bibo
Published: August 2004

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DNA‐Binding Properties of Unsymmetrical Fluorenone Derivatives.
Authors: Lyakhov S. A. , Lyakhova E. A. , Karlenko A. S. , Mal'tsev G. V. , Vel'cheva I. V. , Litvinova L. A. , Lebedyuk M. N. , Khorokhorina G. A. , Fedchuk V. P.
Published: August 2004

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Unusual Selectivity of Unprotected Aziridines in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination Enables Facile Preparation of Branched Aziridines.
Authors: Watson Iain D. G. , Styler Sarah A. , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: August 2004

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Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2,5‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Jalce Gael , Seck Matar , Franck Xavier , Hocquemiller Reynald , Figadere Bruno
Published: August 2004

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Selective Methylation of the Ninhydrin‐Phenol Adducts with I2 in MeOH.
Authors: Na Jeong Eun , GowriSankar Saravanan , Lee Sangku , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: August 2004

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A Novel Three‐Component Tetrahydrobenzofuran Synthesis.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Teimouri Mohammad B. , Bijanzadeh Hamid R.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydropyrroles and Pyrroles from β‐Carbonyl O‐Methyloximes.
Authors: Song Zhiquan , Reiner John , Zhao Kang
Published: August 2004

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A Simple Strategy for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Padmavathi V. , Reddy B. Jagan Mohan , Sarma M. Rajagopala , Thriveni P.
Published: August 2004

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Structural Determinants for High 5‐HT2A Receptor Affinity of Spiro[9,10‐dihydroanthracene]‐9,3′‐pyrrolidine (SpAMDA).
Authors: Peddi Srinivas , Roth Bryan L. , Gelnnon Richard A. , Westkaemper Richard B.
Published: August 2004

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Porphyrin Ring Contraction: A One‐Pot Reaction Leading to Divalent Corroles.
Authors: Jeandon Christophe , Ruppert Romain , Callot Henry J.
Published: August 2004

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New Aminoethylsulfanyl‐Substituted Tribenzoporphyrazines.
Authors: Korkmaz Nurten , Hamuryudan Esin
Published: August 2004

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Transamination of Dimethylaminomethyleneoxindole.
Authors: Park Soo‐Jin , Cho Cheon‐Gyu , Lee Kee‐In
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Synthesis of Imidazoles from Aldehydes and 1,2‐Diketones Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Wolkenberg Scott E. , Wisnoski David D. , Leister William H. , Wang Yi , Zhao Zhijian , Lindsley Craig W.
Published: August 2004

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Novel Antiprotozoal Products: Imidazole and Benzimidazole N‐Oxide Derivatives and Related Compounds.
Authors: Gonzalez Mercedes , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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BF3×Et2O Promoted One‐Pot Expeditious and Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and 3,1,5‐Benzoxadiazepines.
Authors: Tandon Vishnu K. , Kumar Manoj
Published: August 2004

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Improved Catalysis of Nitrone 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions by Solving the Aggregation Issue of the DBFOX/Ph‐Transition Metal Complexes.
Authors: Shirahase Moto , Kanemasa Shuji , Hasegawa Masayuki
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐2‐acylimino‐4‐thiazolidones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Peng Yanqing , Song Gonghua , Liu Ling
Published: August 2004

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The Structure of “ITCA”, a Urinary Metabolite of Cyanide.
Authors: Nagasawa Herbert T. , Cummings Steven E. , Baskin Steven I.
Published: August 2004

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1,5‐Diarylsubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potassium Channel Activators. Part 6.
Authors: Biagi Giuliana , Calderone Vincenzo , Giorgi Irene , Livi Oreste , Martinotti Enrica , Martelli Alma , Nardi Antonio
Published: August 2004

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Benzopyrans. Part 45. Reactions of Monobrominated 3‐Acetyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one with Some Binucleophiles.
Authors: Ghosh Chandra Kanta , Ghosh Chandreyi , Karak Sumit Kumar , Chakravarty Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2004

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An Au‐Catalyzed Cyclialkylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes with Epoxides to Prepare 3‐Chromanols.
Authors: Shi Zhangjie , He Chuan
Published: August 2004

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Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyridines.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Rastogi Shweta , Thakur Ruby , Saxena Shilpi
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6‐Aryl‐6H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐d]pyridazine Derivatives as High‐Affinity Ligands of the α2δ Subunit of Voltage‐Gated Calcium Channels.
Authors: Hu Tao , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines: A Potent and Selective Class of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Thomas Andrew P. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Chemistry of Cinnoline. Part 5. Reactions of 4‐Aminocinnolines with Amines.
Authors: Amer Atef M. , El‐Mobayed Mathat M. , Asker Sherif
Published: August 2004

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New Derivatives of Quinazoline and 1,2‐Dihydroquinazoline N3‐Oxide with Expected Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Mikiciuk‐Olasik Elzbieta , Blaszczak‐Swiatkiewiz Katarzyna , Zurek Elzbieta , Krajewska Urszula , Rozalski Marek , Kruszynski Rafal , Bartczak Tadeusz J.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Inhibitory Effects on Tubulin Polymerization of a New 3‐Heterocyclo Substituted 2‐Styrylquinazolinones.
Authors: Raffa Demetrio , Edler Michael C. , Daidone Giuseppe , Maggio Benedetta , Merickech Mourad , Plescia Salvatore , Schillaci Domenico , Bai Ruoli , Hamel Ernest
Published: August 2004

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New Approach to the Synthesis of Benzo[g]pyrimido[4,5‐b]indoles.
Authors: Panisheva E. K. , Alekseeva L. M. , Granik V. G.
Published: August 2004

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Prodrugs of 9‐Benzyl‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐hydroxyethylthio)adenine: Potent Interferon Inducing Agents in Monkeys.
Authors: Kurimoto Ayumu , Tobe Masanori , Ogita Haruhisa , Ogino Tetsuhiro , Takaku Haruo , Ichii Shinji , Kawakami Hajime , Isobe Yoshiaki
Published: August 2004

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N,N‐Dialkylated 4‐(4‐Arylsulfonylpiperazine‐1‐carbonyl)‐benzamidines and 4‐((‐4‐Arylsulfonyl)‐2‐oxo‐piperazin‐1‐ylmethyl)‐benzamidines as Potent Factor Xa Inhibitors.
Authors: Jia Zhaozhong J. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors with Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist Activity.
Authors: Lewis Timothy A. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical 1,4‐Disubstituted Piperazine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Cho Su‐Dong , Song Sang‐Yong , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Ahn Chuljin , Joo Woo‐Hong , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Falck J. R. , Shin Dong‐Soo
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of 3‐Arylbenzoxazines as Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonists.
Authors: Yang Wu , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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2(H)‐1,4‐Oxazin‐2‐ones as Ambident Azadienes.
Authors: Afarinkia Kamyar , Bahar Akmal , Neuss Judi , Ruggiero Andrea
Published: August 2004

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Convenient Route to Efavirenz Analogues as Potential Non‐Nucleoside HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
Authors: Hamed Atef A.
Published: August 2004

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1,2,4‐Triazine N‐Oxide Derivatives: Studies as Potential Hypoxic Cytotoxins. Part 3.
Authors: Cerecetto Hugo , Gonzalez Mercedes , Risso Mariela , Saenz Patricia , Olea‐Azar Claudio , Bruno Ana M. , Azqueta Amaia , Lopez de Cerain Adela , Monge Antonio
Published: August 2004

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On the Synthesis of 3‐Acetyl‐1‐aryl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazepin‐7‐ones by Reaction of Nitrilimines with 3‐Aminopropanoic Acid.
Authors: Thaher Bassam Abu , Zahra Jalal A. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Otto Hans‐Hartwig
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Newer Substituted Benzoxazepine Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsant Agents.
Authors: Bajaj Kiran , Archana Archana , Kumar Ashok
Published: August 2004

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Intramolecular [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Styrenes Tethered by Siloxanes.
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Yagi Hiroaki , Mizuno Kazuhiko
Published: August 2004

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Generation of 1,6‐Disilahexapentaene in the Reduction of an Overcrowded Bis(bromodiaryl)butadiyne Leading to the Unexpected Formation of 2‐Allenyl‐1‐benzosilole.
Authors: Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Takeda Nobuhiro , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro
Published: August 2004

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A Facile and Direct Synthesis of Alendronate from Pyrrolidone.
Authors: Xu Guangyu , Xie Yuyuan , Wu Xihan
Published: August 2004

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Improved Synthesis of Phenylselenoglycolic Acids.
Authors: Oezkan Hamdi , Disli Ali , Yildirir Yilmaz
Published: August 2004

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Studies on Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 23. Thermal Ring Expansion of 2‐Azidoselenochromenes: First Synthetic Examples of 1,3‐Benzoselenazepines.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Minamida Hiroshi
Published: August 2004

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Novel Soluble and Thermally Stable Perylene Dye with Two [60] Fullerene Units
Authors: Hua Jianli , Meng Fanshun , Ding Fang , Tian He
Published: August 2004

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Cyclization of Polyenes. Part 64. Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Trinervitadiene‐2,3‐diol.
Authors: Kato Tadahiro , Hoshikawa Masahiro
Published: August 2004

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Novel Diterpenoids from Salvia dugesii.
Authors: Xu Gang , Peng Liyan , Niu Xuemei , Zhao Qinshi , Li Rongtao , Sun Handong
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Spirostanic Analogues of Brassinosteroids via Homogeneous Permanganate Dihydroxylation.
Authors: Rivera Daniel G. , Pando Orlando , Leliebre‐Lara Vivian , Coll Deysma , Leon Fredy , Coll Francisco
Published: August 2004

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Etiprednol Dicloacetate, a New Soft Glucocorticoid Drug Candidate. Development of Chemistry.
Authors: Zubovics Z. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2004

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Gymnangiamide, a Cytotoxic Pentapeptide from the Marine Hydroid Gymnangium regae.
Authors: Milanowski Dennnis J. , Gustafson Kirk R. , Rashid Mohammad A. , Pannell Lewis K. , McMahon James B. , Boyd Michael R.
Published: August 2004

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The Discovery of Structurally Novel CCR1 Antagonists Derived from a Hydroxyethylene Peptide Isostere Template.
Authors: Kath John C. , DiRico Amy P. , Gladue Ronald P. , Martin William H. , McElroy Eric B. , Stock Ingrid A. , Tylaska Laurie A. , Zheng Deye
Published: August 2004

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A Practical Synthesis of Ethyl L‐Glutamine.
Authors: Gu Haining , Jiang Yongxiang , Wang Jiong
Published: August 2004

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Development of a Recyclable Fluorous Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalyst: Application to the Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Tanaka Youhei , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2004

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Peptide Synthesis in Water. Part 4. Preparation of N‐Ethanesulfonylethoxycarbonyl (Esc) Amino Acids and Their Application to Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: Hojo Keiko , Maeda Mitsuko , Smith Timothy J. , Kita Eriko , Yamaguchi Fumie , Yamamoto Sachiko , Kawasaki Koichi
Published: August 2004

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Accelerated Glycosylation under Frozen Conditions.
Authors: Takatani Maki , Nakano Jun , Arai Midori A. , Ishiwata Akihiro , Ohta Hiromichi , Ito Yukishige
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of O‐Unprotected Glycosyl Selenoureas. A New Access to Bicyclic Sugar Isoureas.
Authors: Fernandez‐Bolanos Jose G. , Lopez Oscar , Ulgar Victor , Maya Ines , Fuentes Jose
Published: August 2004

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Unusual Spirocyclic Macroline Alkaloids, Nitrogenous Derivatives, and a Cytotoxic Bisindole from Alstonia.
Authors: Kam Toh‐Seok , Choo Yeun‐Mun , Komiyama Kanki
Published: August 2004

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A Novel 19,21‐Secohetisan Diterpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum tanguticum.
Authors: Li Liang , Zhao Jingfeng , Wang Yu Bo , Zhang Hong Bin
Published: August 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (‐)‐Cephalotaxine (Ia) and C‐7 Alkylated Analogues.
Authors: Planas Loic , Perard‐Viret Joelle , Royer Jacques
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Putative Uniflorine A.
Authors: Davis Andrew S. , Pyne Stephen G. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Biochemical Properties of E‐Ring Modified Luotonin A Derivatives
Authors: Cagir Ali , Jones Shannon H. , Eisenhauer Brian M. , Gao Rong , Hecht Sidney M.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Affinity of 3′‐Analogues of 2‐β‐Carbomethoxy‐3‐β‐(4′‐iodophenyl)tropane (β‐CIT).
Authors: Bois Frederic , Baldwin Ronald M. , Kula Nora S. , Baldessarini Ross J. , Innis Robert B. , Tamagnan Gilles
Published: August 2004

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A New Convenient Synthesis of Phenanthrene Alkaloids from 1‐Arylmethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Kini S. V. , Ramana M. M. V.
Published: August 2004

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A New Entry to Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids from Carbohydrates: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Vittatine.
Authors: Bohno Masahiro , Imase Hidetomo , Chida Noritaka
Published: August 2004

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Phenyl Phosphoramidate Derivatives of Stavudine as anti‐HIV Agents with Potent and Selective in‐vitro Antiviral Activity Against Adenovirus.
Authors: Uckun Fatih M. , Pendergrass Sharon , Qazi Sanjive , Samuel P. , Venkatachalam T. K.
Published: August 2004

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A Linear Synthesis of 1‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl)brassinin, ‐brassenin A, ‐brassenin B and 9‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin.
Authors: Kutschy Peter , Sabol Marian , Maruskova Renata , Curillova Zuzana , Dzurilla Milan , Geci Imrich , Alfoeldi Juraj , Kovacik Vladimir
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of N4‐Amino and N4‐Hydroxy Derivatives of 5‐Azacytidine. A Facile Rearrangement of the N4‐Amino Derivative to 5‐(3‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosylureido)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Piskala Alois , Hanna Naeem B. , Masojidkova Milena , Fiedler Pavel , Votruba Ivan
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Fluorinated Cyclopentenyladenine as Potent Inhibitor of S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase.
Authors: Kim Hea Ok , Yoo Su Jeong , Ahn Hee Sung , Choi Won Jun , Moon Hyung Ryong , Lee Kang Man , Chun Moon Woo , Jeong Lak Shin
Published: August 2004

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Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Frozen Peptide Nucleic Acid Backbone: Chiral Piperidine PNA as a Hexitol Nucleic Acid Surrogate.
Authors: Lonkar Pallavi S. , Kumar Vaijayanti A.
Published: August 2004

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Radical Cyclization Mediates the Synthesis of a New Base‐Ribose Carbon Bridged Adenosine.
Authors: Lang Pascal , Mayer Alain , Jung Pierre , Tritsch Denis , Biellmann Jean‐Francois , Burger Alain
Published: August 2004

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Four New Phenolic Compounds from Curculigo crassifolia (Hypoxidaceae).
Authors: Li Ning , Chen Ji‐Jun , Zhou Jun
Published: August 2004

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Efficient Synthesis of γ‐DDB.
Authors: Chang Junbiao , Guo Xiaohe , Cheng Senxiang , Guo Ruiyun , Chen Rongfeng , Zhao Kang
Published: August 2004

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Curvicollides A—C: New Polyketide‐Derived Lactones from a Sclerotium‐Colonizing Isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778).
Authors: Che Yongsheng , Gloer James B. , Wicklow Donald T.
Published: August 2004

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Structure Elucidation of (+)‐Amphidinolide A by Total Synthesis and NMR Chemical Shift Analysis.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Harrington Paul E.
Published: August 2004

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A Surprising Steric Effect on a Tandem Cycloaddition/Ring‐Opening Reaction: Rapid Syntheses of Difluorinated Analogues of (Hydroxymethyl)conduritols.
Authors: Fawcett John , Moralee Andrew C. , Percy Jonathan M. , Salafia Vittoria , Vincent Mark A. , Hillier Ian H.
Published: August 2004

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New Synthetic Route for the Incorporation of Manganese Species into the Pores of MCM‐48.
Authors: Gomez Sinue , Giraldo Oscar , Garces Luis Javier , Villegas Josanlet , Suib Steven L.
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis of Magnesium Borate (Mg2B2O5) Nanowires by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method.
Authors: Li Yan , Fan Zhiyong , Lu Jia G. , Chang R. P. H.
Published: August 2004

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Characterization of Cuprous Ion in High Silica Zeolites and Reaction Mechanisms of Catalytic NO Decomposition and Specific N2 Adsorption
Authors: Kuroda Yasushige , Iwamoto Masakazu
Published: August 2004

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Ligands of Modern Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Garnovskii Alexander D. , Vasilchenko Igor S. , Garnovskii Dmitry A.
Published: August 2004

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Electrochemically Induced Retro‐Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Herranz M. Angeles , Diederich Francois , Echegoyen Luis
Published: August 2004

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Halo‐ and Selenolactonization: The Two Major Strategies for Cyclofunctionalization
Authors: Ranganathan Subramania , Muraleedharan K. M. , Vaish Narendra K. , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy
Published: August 2004

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Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications to Catalysis
Authors: Niu Yanhui , Crooks Richard M.
Published: August 2004

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What to Synthesize? From Emil Fischer to Peptidomics
Authors: Ivanov Vadim T.
Published: August 2004

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Recent Advances in the Applications of D‐ and L‐1,6‐Anhydrohexopyranoses for the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides and Nature Products
Authors: Kulkarni Suvarn S. , Lee Jinq‐Chyi , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: August 2004

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Synthesis and Practical Applications of Brassinosteroid Analogues
Authors: Vazquez Miriam Nunez , Rodriguez Caridad Robaina , Manchado Francisco Coll
Published: August 2004

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Natural Bridged Biaryls with Axial Chirality and Antimitotic Properties
Authors: Baudoin Olivier , Gueritte Francoise
Published: August 2004

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Aziridines and Oxazolines: Valuable Intermediates in the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids
Authors: Cardillo Giuliana , Gentilucci Luca , Tolomelli Alessandra
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzothiopyranones and Benzothiopyranthiones
Authors: Nelson A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzopyrylium Salts
Authors: Nogradi M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Telluropyrylium and Benzotelluropyrylium Salts
Authors: Murphy P. J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selenopyranones and Benzoselenopyranones
Authors: Murphy P. J.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Mediated Reformatsky Reactions
Authors: Orsini F. , Sello G.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Hydrogenation in the Preparation of Fine Chemicals
Authors: Kukula Pavel , Prins Roel
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Olofsson Kristofer , Hallberg Anders , Larhed Mats
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid Photochemical Cross‐Linking — A New Tool for Studies of Metastable, Amyloidogenic Protein Assemblies
Authors: Bitan Gal , Teplow David B.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evolution of Dithiane‐Based Strategies for the Construction of Architecturally Complex Natural Products
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Adams Christopher M.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Boron‐Mediated Aldol Reaction of Carboxylic Esters
Authors: Abiko Atsushi
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Critical Review of the Bioavailability of Glucosinolates and Related Compounds
Authors: Holst Birgit , Williamson Gary
Published: August 2004

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Factors Affecting Phytotoxic Activity of Allelochemicals in Soil
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuichiro
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
State‐of‐the‐Art in the Study of Three‐Dimensional Radical Copolymerization
Authors: Roshchupkin V. P. , Kurmaz S. V.
Published: August 2004

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Methods of Calculation of the Critical Conversion in the Formation of Network Polymers
Authors: Irzhak V. I.
Published: August 2004

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Determination of Diffusion Coefficients by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Karaiskakis George , Gavril Dimitrios
Published: August 2004

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Structural Aspects of Fluorosilicic Acid Reaction with Organic Bases
Authors: Gel'mbol'dt V. O. , Ganin E. V. , Koroeva L. V. , Fonar' M. S. , Simonov Yu. A. , Kravtsov V. Kh. , Lipkovskii Ya. , Sergienko V. S. , Ennan A. A.
Published: August 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and enantioseparation characteristics of two chiral stationary phases based on mono(6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)‐perphenylcarbamoylated α‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Lai Xiang‐Hua , Bai Zheng‐Wu , Ng Siu‐Choon , Ching Chi‐Bun
Published: August 2004

Two chiral stationary phases, ph‐α‐CD and ph‐γ‐CD, were prepared from mono(6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)perphenylcarbamoylated α‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin immobilized onto silica gel via the Staudinger reaction. The chromatographic characteristics of these two chiral stationary phases were evaluated. The influence of different cyclodextrins (CDs) on the enantioselectivities was also investigated in this study. Compared to ph‐γ‐CD, ph‐α‐CD exhibited quite good enantioselectivity toward the analytes with bulky molecular structures. It was found that the formation of inclusion complex might play a quite important role in the chiral recognition not only under reverse phases but also under normal phases. Chirality 16:592–597, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereospecific activity of two glutamate analogs
Authors: Araujo Alvarez Juan Manuel , Querejeta Enrique , Oviedo Aldo , Trujillo Ferrara José G.
Published: August 2004

Two glutamic acid analogs, (+)‐(S)‐ and (–)‐(R)‐4‐(2,2‐diphenyl‐1,3,2‐oxazaborolidin‐5‐oxo)propionic acid ((+)‐(S)‐ and (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon, respectively), were prepared. The stereospecific activity of their pharmacological properties was studied. The median convulsant dose (CD50) and median lethal dose (LD50) were analyzed in female Swiss Webster mice and their effects in vivo on unitary electrical activity in globus pallidus neurons were elucidated in male Wistar rats. Compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 11B nuclear magnetic resonance. The LD50 of (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon was 449.08 mg/kg and it increased spontaneous motor activity, while with (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon there was no mortality up to 1,000 mg/kg and it decreased spontaneous motor activity. The CD50 in experiments with (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon was 199.34 mg/kg. Unitary recording in globus pallidus neurons showed i.v. administration (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon (50 mg/kg) increased frequency 79.0 ± 23.0% in relation to basal response. (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon and (+)‐(S)‐glutamate (50 mg/kg each) did not provoke changes in spontaneous basal firing. Local infusion of (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon (1 nMol) increased spontaneous firing in most neurons tested by 269.0 ± 83.0% in relation to basal values. Intrapallidal infusion of (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon (1 nMol) and saline solution did not cause statistically significant changes in globus pallidus spiking. Results showed that (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon crosses the blood–brain barrier and has stereospecific activity. Chirality 16:586–591, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MαNP acid, a powerful chiral molecular tool for preparation of enantiopure alcohols by resolution and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method
Authors: Kasai Yusuke , Taji Hiromi , Fujita Takuma , Yamamoto Yoko , Akagi Megumi , Sugio Akinori , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Watanabe Masataka , Harada Nobuyuki , Ichikawa Akio , Schurig Volker
Published: August 2004

A novel methodology using a chiral molecular tool of MαNP acid (1), 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid, useful for preparation of enantiopure secondary alcohols and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method was developed; racemic MαNP acid (1) was enantioresolved with (–)‐menthol, and the enantiopure MαNP acid (S)‐(+)‐(1) obtained was allowed to react with racemic alcohol, yielding a mixture of diastereomeric esters, which was clearly separated by HPLC on silica gel. By applying the sector rule of 1H NMR anisotropy effect, the absolute configuration of the first‐eluted MαNP ester was unambiguously determined. Solvolysis or reduction of the first‐eluted MαNP esters yielded enantiopure alcohols. Chirality 16:569–585, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benefit and projected cost‐effectiveness of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for patients with early‐stage estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer
Authors: Hillner Bruce E.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Women who have estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive disease with postmenopausal onset and who receive tamoxifen as standard adjuvant treatment constitute the largest subgroup of patients with breast cancer. Recent data from the ATAC (‘Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination’) randomized trial indicate that anastrozole significantly reduces breast cancer recurrence rates but does not provide any advantage in terms of survival at 4 years posttreatment. Furthermore, anastrozole and tamoxifen were found to have different toxicity profiles. The goals of the current study were to estimate the disease‐free survival (DFS) rates and potential survival benefits associated with anastrozole use and to determine whether the incremental cost‐effectiveness (ICE) was low enough to warrant an immediate switch to the use of this agent, as the long‐term conclusions of the ATAC trial will not be available for several years.

METHODS

A computer simulation model assessed the outcomes of 64‐year‐old women with ER‐positive breast cancer who subsequently received either anastrozole or tamoxifen for 5 years. Daily recurrence risks, as well as the relative risks associated with various treatment‐related events, were calculated using data from the ATAC trial. Study endpoints included breast cancer recurrence–free survival, anticipated survival resulting from an anastrozole‐induced decrease in systemic disease recurrence rates, and survival adjusted for quality of life and for hip fracture risk over periods of 4, 12, and 20 years.

RESULTS

After 4 years, the projected DFS benefit associated with anastrozole was 14 days, with an ICE of $167,500 per year. Projected 12 and 20 years into the future, DFS benefits increased to 2.9 months and 5.3 months, respectively. The corresponding benefits in terms of overall survival were 0.9 months and 2.0 months, respectively, with the ICE becoming < $100,000 per life year once the projection horizon exceeded 12 years. The inclusion of quality‐of‐life weightings for nonfatal outcomes modestly favored anastrozole in the short term; however, if anastrozole use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, then the long‐term benefit associated with this agent is reduced by approximately 25%.

CONCLUSIONS

Adjuvant anastrozole is projected to result in a substantial improvement in DFS for patients with breast cancer. If this DFS benefit were to ultimately lead to a survival benefit, then the ICE of anastrozole use would be acceptable for patients expected to live longer than 12 years. Decision models are useful for generating realistic projections for stakeholders who are considering competing options that impact survival and quality of life and have associated societal costs. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
African‐American/White differences in breast carcinoma
Authors: Jones Beth A. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Howe Christine L. , Lachman Mary , Dubrow Robert , Curnen Mary McCrea , Soler‐Vila Hosanna , Beeghly Alicia , Duan Fenghai , Owens Patricia
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Despite mounting evidence that breast tumors in African‐American (AA) women are more aggressive compared with breast tumors in white (W) women, little is known regarding racial/ethnic differences in genetic alterations that may be of prognostic importance.

METHODS

In this population‐based cohort of 322 AA women (45%) and W women (55%) who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma between 1987–1989, the authors evaluated available archived tumor tissue (n = 247 samples) for racial differences in selected genetic alterations and other prognostic indicators. Tumor characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry and/or expert review.

RESULTS

Alterations in p53 were significantly more common in AA women compared with W women (odds ratio, 4.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.77–9.01) and remained statistically significant in models that were adjusted for disease stage at diagnosis, according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria, and for other prognostic indicators. No racial difference with regard to HER‐2/neu status was observed, but alterations in c‐met were more common in AA women once the model was adjusted for negative confounders (not significant). Among other tumor characteristics, significant findings included later AJCC stage and higher histologic and nuclear grade tumors in AA women. In addition, the burden of aggressive tumor characteristics was greater in AA women because they were more likely to be at high risk on multiple factors (e.g., both high histologic grade and high nuclear grade [P = 0.03] and negative status for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors [P = 0.01]).

CONCLUSIONS

Data from this population‐based cohort confirmed that breast tumors in AA women most likely are more aggressive compared with breast tumors in W women and offer new evidence for possible racial/ethnic differences with regard to p53 alterations. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Breast carcinoma in African‐American and White women
Authors: Newman Lisa A.
Published: August 2004

The door to improved understanding of ethnicity‐related variations in breast carcinoma risk and outcome has now been wedged open by the powerful tools of molecular biology. It is the responsibility of clinicians and investigators to accept the challenge of conducting the studies, collecting and interpreting the data, and validating the results.

See also pages 1293–301.
Intramammary lymph node metastases are an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Shen Jeannie , Hunt Kelly K. , Mirza Nadeem Q. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Singletary S. Eva , Kuerer Henry M. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Feig Barry , Ross Merrick I. , Ames Frederick C. , Babiera Gildy V.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

Breast carcinoma with intramammary lymph node (intraMLN) metastases is considered to be Stage II disease, even in the absence of axillary lymph node involvement. Nonetheless, little is known regarding the clinical significance of intraMLN metastases. The goals of the current retrospective analysis were to elucidate the clinical relevance of intraMLN metastases and to assess the relation between such metastases and outcome in patients with breast carcinoma.

METHODS

One hundred ninety‐six intraMLN specimens obtained between 1983 and 2003 were identified in the pathology database at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX); 130 of these specimens were obtained in association with a primary breast malignancy. Data on the clinical and pathologic features of these specimens were collected and evaluated on univariate and multivariate analysis for potential correlations with 5‐year rates of disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). The median follow‐up duration was 36 months (range, 12–180 months).

RESULTS

The median age of the 130 patients in the current study was 53 years (range, 27–84 years). Twenty‐four patients (18%) had intraMLNs that were identified preoperatively by either mammographic or sonographic methods; in the remaining 106 cases, intraMLNs were detected on pathologic examination of surgical breast specimens. IntraMLN metastases were found in 28% of all cases (n = 36). Most patients who had intraMLN metastases (81%) also had axillary metastases; however, isolated intraMLN metastases were documented in 6 patients (5%). Univariate analysis revealed that patients with intraMLN metastases (compared with all other patients) had poorer 5‐year rates of DFS (54% vs. 89%; P = 0.001), DSS (66% vs. 90%; P = 0.001), and OS (64% vs. 88%; P = 0.004). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that intraMLN involvement was an independent predictor of reduced DFS (hazard ratio, 2.33; P = 0.03), DSS (hazard ratio, 5.32; P = 0.002), and OS (hazard ratio, 3.22; P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

The current retrospective analysis demonstrated that the presence of intraMLN metastases is an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast carcinoma. Identification of an intraMLN on preoperative imaging should prompt further histopathologic assessment. Identification of malignant intraMLNs by lymphatic mapping may help to identify high‐risk patients for whom further evaluation of the axillary lymph nodes is warranted despite otherwise clinically negative findings in the axilla. Cancer 2004. Published 2004 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy for colon carcinoma
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Amos E. Henry , Rout W. Robert , Zlotecki Robert A. , Hochwald Steven N. , Cance William G.
Published: August 2004

BACKGROUND

The objective of this report was to review the role of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the pertinent literature.

RESULTS

Data suggested that locoregional postoperative RT improves both local control and survival for patients with T4N0–N1 tumors. There also may be a benefit for patients with T3N1–N2 tumors, but the data were equivocal. Whole abdominal RT may result in a similar benefit but is associated with increased toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative RT should be considered for patients with T4N0–N1 colon carcinoma. Locoregional fields should be used. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Access‐controlled resource discovery in pervasive networks
Authors: Raman Sanjay , Clarke Dwaine , Burnside Matt , Devadas Srinivas , Rivest Ronald
Published: August 2004

Networks of the future will be characterized by a variety of computational devices that display a level of dynamism not seen in traditional wired networks. Because of the dynamic nature of these networks, resource discovery is one of the fundamental problems that must be solved. While resource discovery systems are not a novel concept, securing these systems in an efficient and scalable way is challenging. This paper describes the design and implementation of an architecture for access‐controlled resource discovery. This system achieves this goal by integrating access control with the Intentional Naming System (INS), a resource discovery and service location system. The integration is scalable, efficient, and fits well within a proxy‐based security framework designed for dynamic networks. We provide performance experiments that show how our solution outperforms existing schemes. The result is a system that provides secure, access‐controlled resource discovery that can scale to large numbers of resources and users. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A role‐based infrastructure management system: design and implementation
Authors: Shin Dongwan , Ahn Gail‐Joon , Cho Sangrae , Jin Seunghun
Published: August 2004

Over the last decade there has been a tremendous advance in the theory and practice of role‐based access control (RBAC). One of the most significant aspects of RBAC can be viewed from its management of permissions on the basis of roles rather than individual users. Consequently, it reduces administrative costs and potential errors. The management of roles in various RBAC implementations, however, tends to be conducted on an ad hoc basis, closely coupled with a certain context of system environments. This paper discusses the development of a system whose purpose is to help manage a valid set of roles with assigned users and permissions for role‐based authorization infrastructures. We have designed and implemented the system, called RolePartner. This system enables role administrators to build and configure various components of a RBAC model so as to embody organizational access control policies which can be separated from different enforcement mechanisms. Hence the system helps make it possible to lay a foundation for role‐based authorization infrastructures. Three methodological constituents are introduced for our purposes, together with the design and implementation issues. The system has a role‐centric view for easily managing constrained and hierarchical roles as well as assigned users and permissions. An LDAP‐accessible directory service was used for a role database. We show that the system can be seamlessly integrated with an existing privilege‐based authorization infrastructure. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salicylic acid‐mediated potentiation of Hsp70 induction correlates with reduced apoptosis in tobacco protoplasts
Authors: Cronjé Marianne J. , Weir Iona E. , Bornman Liza
Published: August 2004

Background

Elevated temperatures jeopardize plant disease resistance, as mediated by salicylic acid (SA). SA potentiates heat‐induced expression of the 70‐kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) in tomato cells. In mammalian cells, Hsp70 suppresses apoptosis. We hypothesized that potentiation of heat‐induced Hsp70 by SA contributes to a reduction in apoptosis in tobacco protoplasts.

Methods

Tobacco protoplasts (Nicotiana tabacum) were exposed to SA (70 μM) at normal temperatures or in combination with heat shock. Hsp70/Hsc70 accumulation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, DNA fragmentation, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were quantified by flow cytometry.

Results and Conclusions

SA at normal temperatures did not influence Hsp70/Hsc70 accumulation, but were found to induce apoptosis. In contrast, SA in combination with HS potentiated heat‐induced Hsp70/Hsc70 accumulation in tobacco protoplasts that correlated negatively with apoptosis, illustrated by decreased PS exposure and DNA fragmentation and enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential. We propose that this correlation supports a possible role for apoptosis suppression by Hsp70 under elevated temperatures during pathogen infection. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Architectural analysis of oral cancer, dysplastic, and normal epithelia
Authors: Landini Gabriel , Othman Ibrahim E.
Published: August 2004

Background

We present a novel, automated, and quantitative approach to evaluate local epithelial tissue architecture based on mathematical graph theory.

Methods

Four hundred forty‐one images of three diagnostic classes of oral epithelium (normal, dysplastic, and neoplastic) were analysed. The epithelial compartment was partitioned into exclusive areas associated with each nucleus to approach the theoretical cell extents. The spatial arrangement of cells in neighbourhoods of two sizes was characterised by constructing graph networks based on the cell centroids and recording 29 statistical properties. We analysed 104,627 and 67,590 neighbourhoods of diameters 37.5 and 75 μm, respectively.

Results

The discrimination power of the architectural descriptors was evaluated by using discriminant analysis. The best neighbourhood discrimination rate was 75% for normal versus carcinoma. For the pooled data, discrimination into three classes based on largest number of neighbourhoods associated with each class was 100% correct. Case‐wise, discrimination rates were 67%, 100%, and 80% correct for normal, premalignant, and malignant. When considering two classes, discrimination rates was 89% (normal) and 100% (malignant) correct, with 71% of premalignant cases assigned to the malignant class.

Conclusions

The results indicate that unbiased and reproducible quantification of tissue architectural features is possible and may provide valuable morphological information for diagnostic purposes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.