bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional capabilities of rural schoolteachers in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shamatov Duishon , Ablayeva Moldir , Tajik Mir Afzal
Published: October 2023

This paper is based on a research study that explores the professional capacities and capabilities of teachers in Kazakhstani rural schools from the perspectives of key stakeholders. By employing a mixed-methods research design, this study used both quantitative surveys and semi-structured interviews to collect data on teachers’ capabilities and experiences [1]. The quantitative surveys were administered to 125 teachers from 40 rural schools across Kazakhstan. Ninety qualitative interviews (41 individuals and 49 focus groups) were conducted with participants from rural schools in the outskirts of Almaty, Kyzylorda, Shymkent, Aktau, and Oskemen regions. The interview participants included school principals, vice principals, subject coordinators, teachers, students of Grades 7–11, regional and district education managers, and parents. The study’s key findings revealed how rural schoolteachers are perceived by the stakeholders as well as the core issues, challenges, and dilemmas faced by these teachers. The study also makes recommendations for facilitation processes for the quality of the rural teacher profession. The UNESCO Quality Framework was used to guide the study.
Ruth Vera y Carla Veliz. Relatos de vida de docentes en formación
Authors: Peralta Castro Josselyne Doménica , Veliz Contreras Carla Merly , Vera Mercado Ruth Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Las historias de vida son situaciones contextuales e históricas que atraviesan al sujeto, lo constituyen y hacen ser de él, el sujeto que conocemos. Ruth y Carla somos y estamos convencidas que esta investigación será la punta de lanza que abra brecha en el futuro más próximo a nosotras que será lleno de pasiones y recuerdos que no dejarán espacio para los olvidos hacia nuestra Universidad de Guayaquil, el objetivo del estudio fue comprender los relatos biográficos de Carla Merly Veliz Contreras y Ruth Elizabeth Vera Mercado, estudiantes de la Universidad de Guayaquil, sus narrativas vitales e interpretación autobiográfica y narrativa sobre su tránsito y experiencias en las aulas de clases. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativa interpretativa, de corte exploratoria e inédita con énfasis en los relatos autobiográficos, se utilizaron las técnicas de las entrevistas en profundidad en clave relatos y la interpretación de estos.
epistemología y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes del X ciclo de la UNDAC, 2019
Authors: Ventocilla Grados César Héctor , Huaca Vilca Carmen Sharon , Dueñas Urquizo Luz Marina
Published: October 2023

El objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre la epistemología y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes del X ciclo de la UNDAC, 2019. El método empleado fue el hipotético-deductivo, el diseño no experimental de nivel correlacional de corte transversal, siendo la muestra de 120 estudiantes que se determinó por el método de muestreo no probabilístico; se desarrolló la técnica de la encuesta para recoger información de los estudiantes. Para el análisis descriptivo se realizó tablas de distribución de frecuencias y el gráfico de barras para la contratación de la hipótesis se llevó a cabo por Rho de Spearman. La investigación concluyó que existe una correlación moderada entre la epistemología y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes del X ciclo de la UNDAC, 2019. Siendo el Rho de Spearman= 0,535 y pvalor =0,000
La Psicología de la Gestalt y su aplicación en el contexto educacional
Authors: Valero Navarrete Romina Paulette , Cobeña Tagle Naydelin Lisbet
Published: October 2023

El estudio tuvo la finalidad de analizar la importancia de la psicología de la Gestalt y su aplicación en el contexto educacional. Se procede a observar los rasgos característicos de los métodos educativos en la facultad de filosofía de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Estos métodos didácticos aplicados tienen algunas dificultades, por lo cual se recolectaron datos de estudiantes aleatoriamente, buscando conocer el criterio del encuestado respecto a la psicología de la Gestalt y su aplicación en el contexto educacional. Un gran porcentaje de los encuestados muestra una posición favorable respecto a una educación donde sea aplicable estos conceptos de psicología.
Gestión curricular y despatriarcalización en la educación de adultos
Authors: Catari Callisaya Juana Lourdes
Published: October 2023

El objetivo fue analizar del proceso de gestión curricular para la despatriarcalización en la educación de adultos, mediante un análisis de un caso específico en el CEA de Villa Esperanza. Metodológicamente fue cualitativa, con un tipo de estudio acción transformadora es una metodología que se refiere a la producción de un conocimiento propositivo y transformador, tomando en cuenta un proceso de debate, reflexión y construcción colectiva de saberes entre los diferentes actores. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de despatriarcaliación es un objetivo de largo plazo, que requiere incluso de la asimilación básica de conceptos de parte de los actores de una determinada unidad educativa para la educación de adultos. Se concluye que docentes y participantes consideran que el último lugar al cual llegaría la despatriarcalización es la educación de adultos por su completo abandono de parte del sistema educativo.
Mengintegrasikan Nilai-nilai Kristen dalam Kepemimpinan Kontemporer
Authors: Sinambela Juita , Sinaga Janes , Purba Beni Chandra , Pelawi Stepanus
Published: October 2023

Kepemimpinan dalam konteks modern seringkali dihadapkan pada kompleksitas yang menuntut landasan etika yang kuat untuk mengatasi tantangan-tantangan yang muncul. Dalam pandangan ini, integrasi nilai-nilai Kristen dalam kepemimpinan kontemporer menawarkan pendekatan yang bermakna dan relevan. Nilai-nilai seperti integritas, kredibilitas, komitmen, bertanggungjawab, kerendahan hati, dan pelayanan yang terkandung dalam ajaran Kristen dapat menjadi landasan bagi kepemimpinan yang beretika dan bermakna. Namun, pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana nilai-nilai ini dapat diaplikasikan dan berdampak dalam dunia organisasi yang berubah dengan cepat. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menggali potensi dan dampak dari integrasi nilai-nilai Kristen dalam kepemimpinan kontemporer. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur, yaitu dengan menganalisis teks-teks Kitab Suci, tulisan-tulisan teologis, serta literatur terkait karakteristik kepemimpinan Kristen. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi pemimpin, organisasi, dan lembaga pendidikan tentang bagaimana mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Kristen dalam kepemimpinan kontemporer secara efektif. Dalam dunia yang terus berubah, nilai-nilai ini memberikan fondasi yang stabil dan beretika untuk mengarahkan kepemimpinan menuju tujuan yang lebih bermakna dan berdampak positif.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Perempuan Terhadap Sistem Pendidikan di SD Islam Integral Luqman Al-Hakim 02 Batam
Authors: Mahnis Juni , Nadila Nadila
Published: October 2023

This type of research is a quantitative descriptive approach. The population of this research is teachers and some staff in schools. While the sample uses a non-probability sampling technique, namely census or saturated sample. The data is collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The researcher's data analysis technique used a prerequisite test, namely normality and hypothesis testing, namely a simple linear regression test to see the effect of the X variable on Y. The results of the study indicate that there is an influence of women's leadership on the system of educational. It was found that the t count was 10,881 with a significant level of 0.000, because sig. <0.05 then Ho is rejected, which means that women's leadership affects the educational system system. Then it is known that the influence of women's leadership on the system of educational institutions is 80,9%, and the rest is influenced by other factors..
Representations of women and girls’ charitable organisations 2008 to 2020
Authors:   , Dowrick Lorna
Published: October 2023

Using a feminist and post-structural framework, this thesis explores three representations of women and girls organisations (WGOs) between 2008 and 2020- from regulatory data, from government policy and finally, WGO documents. The differences between each representation were explored using a unique methodology that incorporates the ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ approach (Bacchi and Goodwin 2016) to demonstrate and critique the ways in which WGOs are constructed, represented and limited by the discourses of them and their work, and to assess the implications for gender equality. The thesis makes a number of important contributions to knowledge. It problematises defining WGOs to illuminate the ways in which the boundaries of the definition are permeable and contested. In operationalising a definition of WGOs for the study, it also reflects on the methodological implications of category choices for the inclusion and exclusion of certain groups and organisations. For the first time regulatory data has been used to advance empirical understanding of the size and shape of WGOs as a group. New knowledge has been generated about which particular kinds of WGO have experienced what types of changes in income, size and location. In the process it has created a dataset of organisations that can be used for further research, but also highlights the scope, complexity and limits of this knowledge. The findings also highlight that discourses about WGOs are limited resulting in insufficient consideration of WGOs, their work and the women and girls they support. Important new questions about how and why WGOs are missing from broader voluntary and community sector (VCS) debates and are marginalised within VCS research are also raised. These findings are of particular importance in light of persistent gender inequality and concerns about the sustainability of WGOs.
Public Engagement and the University through the Lens of the Law School
Authors:   , Smith Peter
Published: October 2023

The aim of this thesis was to develop a framework which sets out public engagement as an act of negotiation, discussion, and creation within universities and between universities and communities. The framework uses critical realism to set out ideas of and tensions in the university and engagement, and activity theory to elaborate on how these are realised in the works of engagement. The objectives were to identify the generative mechanisms in engagement; develop an activity system approach to engagement; connect the generative mechanisms activity system elements; and to present an alternative imaginary through the fictional “Riverside” law school. Twenty legal academics were interviewed and their responses analysed using a critical realist thematic approach. From this analysis and the data several key themes emerged. The university is understood in terms of its policy context, professional body influences, and institutional environments. Its work is discussed in relation to economic, developmental, and mixed approaches; its roles encompass teaching, research, and engagement. Engagement is defined by elements of connection with publics, understanding their needs and wants, and responding to those needs and wants. Institutional and individual ideals and values are key factors in engagement, alongside the benefits of engagement to students. The key structural, agential, and cultural elements at work in these themes are discussed and set out as the critical realist (CR) element of the critical realist activity theory (CRAT) model which connects these elements to practice elements defined by the REMARC (rules-engagers-means-aims-results-community) activity theory (AT) approach. The CRAT model is one of the original elements of the research, along with the new empirical work on legal academics and engagement, and the “Riverside” model. The model offers a way to connect models and theories of the university to models, theories, and practices in engagement.
Professionalisation and competitive balance in English men’s elite rugby union 1995-2021
Authors:   , Catlin Eleanor Jayne
Published: October 2023

This thesis determines the level of competitive balance in English men’s elite rugby union since the sport turned professional in 1995. Academic literature surrounding the concept of competitive balance is vast, and significantly differs dependent on geographical location, the sport analysed, and the measurements used. However, very few publications have looked at the sport of rugby union and the games unique make up of individual factors that aim to increase competition. The top three tiers of English men’s rugby union have been analysed to understand competition at the elite level of the sport. Factors such as the salary cap, bonus points and playoffs have been scrutinised to determine their impact and contribution to the competitive nature of rugby union. The study utilises a mixed method approach to analyse these factors, among other variables, and reveals several findings. Firstly, calculations of the HICB index identifies all three leagues analysed have become more competitive since the professionalisation of the sport in 1995, yet there are still improvements required in the leagues to ensure fair and equal opportunities. Furthermore, the transition between the Premiership and Championship does not aid the competitiveness of the leagues. Instead, an externality is produced as an unintended consequence of promotion and relegation which has not yet been addressed by league organisers. Finally, quantitative analysis within this study concludes 93.3% of Premiership league places are unaffected by the inclusion of bonus points in the league, a percentage that increases to 99.4% in the Championship. It is therefore proposed that this system requires reconsideration to maximise the use of this competition strategy. The contribution to knowledge of this thesis is the addition of qualitative input in a predominantly quantitative field. The qualitative analysis provides real-life application of the quantitative findings. In addition, this thesis has extended our understanding of competitive balance in leagues below the topmost tier of English men’s rugby union.
Rumours, Ruffians, and the U.S.-Upper Canada Border
Authors: Steedman Josh
Published: October 2023

This article surveys the history of the American social and political reaction to the events surrounding the Upper Canadian Rebellion. It focuses on the efforts of Michiganders and members of secret societies who supported the rebellion and Patriot War and on their experiences of engaging in revolutionary activities. By engaging with an enemy abroad, whether real, or imagined, these Americans sought a panacea to ease their generational and nationalistic angst. In return, they believed that liberating Canadians from British tyranny would cement their legacies in American history. This heroism, coupled with the formation of a secret society, the Hunters’ Lodges, temporarily distracted these Americans as well as some government officials from economic hardship, domestic and political turmoil, and perhaps most importantly, a rapidly changing world.
Incomes of scientists in the USSR in the 1920s (Based on materials from the budget survey of 1925)
Authors: Mazur Liudmila Nikolaevna
Published: October 2023

The article examines the structure of income and the level of material well-being of scientists in 1925. The source base of the study is represented by the primary materials of the budget survey, which covered 16 cities of the USSR, including Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh, Krasnodar, Novocherkassk, Perm, Rostov, etc. Total 282 forms of budgets of scientific workers – university professors, academic and museum workers, librarians, etc. have been preserved in the archive. The information from the budget form makes it possible to characterize various aspects of the life of scientists under the NEP, including income and consumption. The information from the survey forms was systematized in a database and became the basis for studying the standard of living of various categories of scientists depending on their status and place of residence (capital/province). Budgetary data allow us to conclude that the position of scientists has noticeably worsened in comparison with the pre-revolutionary period. This manifested itself, firstly, in an increase in the workload due to the growth of labor standards at the main place of work and the spread of “part-time jobs” (more than half of the surveyed worked additionally in 1-2 places, had a private practice and other sources of income); secondly, in a noticeable decrease in the income level of the bulk of scientific workers who were not included in the "special" lists. The average monthly salary of a scientist at the main place of work is characterized by a high level of variability and was higher than the average salary of a worker in Moscow. High variability testifies to the processes of differentiation of scientists in terms of income, which depended on the status characteristics of a scientist, his activity, creating prerequisites for the selection of elite categories of scientists, in the 1930s. formed into a hierarchical system of teaching staff with an appropriate set of privileges.
The Church of Pobeten in the XIV–XV centuries: historical and virtual reconstruction
Authors: Agibalov Egor Dmitrievich , Baranova Elena Vyacheslavovna
Published: October 2023

The purpose of our work is to study the history and virtual reconstruction of the church of Pobeten, an object of historical and cultural heritage of the XIV-XV centuries. The method of analogy, creation of a digital model, photogrammetry, methods of historical informatics were used in the work. Special attention is paid to the history of the church of Pobeten and the work on creating its virtual copy. It describes working with various tools (Agisoft Metashape, Sculptris Alpha, Geomagic Studio and Sketch Up) to create photogrammetric and three-dimensional models of a historical object of the XIV century. The possibilities of using photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling methods in the synthesis to create a virtual reconstruction of the Pobeten church are considered. The result of the work was the receipt of versatile historical data about the church of Pobeten and a virtual three-dimensional model based on them, which has the ability to edit: it can be supplemented with various elements, as well as integrated into larger works. The scope of application of the work and the results obtained can be historical local lore, preservation of objects of historical heritage, the use of the resulting product in museum installations. An interdisciplinary approach in historical research combined with computer science methods, specifically with three-dimensional computer modeling, provides exceptional opportunities, especially with the growth of information technology development, and is an actual tool of historical research in modern science.
Features of demographic development of the German colonies of St. Petersburg province in the first half of the XIX century.
Authors: Kairyak Anna Alekseevna
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to present the features of the demographic development of the "distant" colonies that were formed in the 1810s. The object of the study is the German colonies of the St. Petersburg province. The subject of the study is the demographic processes that took place in the first half of the XIX century in the "distant" colonies, namely: Izvarskaya, Strelninskaya, Kronstadt, Oranienbaum, Peterhof, Kipenskaya. The data from the revision fairy tales of the first half of the XIX century were used for the analysis. The results of the study have practical significance and novelty. They can be used by historians, demographers and sociologists for a deeper study of the processes of colonization in Russia. The results of this study allow us to better understand the demographic changes that took place in the German colonies, as well as their impact on the development of society as a whole. This can be useful for understanding the historical context and the formation of national identity. The analysis of the materials allowed us to draw conclusions about the change in the population in the German colonies due to natural growth, their gender and age composition, as well as the average population of families. The results of the study indicate the active development of German colonies in the St. Petersburg province in the first half of the XIX century. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to draw conclusions about the significant role of the German colonies in the formation of the social and cultural component of the St. Petersburg province at that time. This information may be useful for further research and preservation of the historical heritage of this region.
Risk Factors Associated with Occupational Stress among Malaysian Construction Professionals
Authors:   Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Kuantan 26300, Malaysia, Fauzan Nur Syafiqah
Published: October 2023

Background: Construction industries that focus on project-based nature, pressure, and long hours may lead to job-related stress among workers. In many emerging nations, robust economic growth plans generate occupational depression, anxiety, and stress among construction industry personnel. This study aims to determine the relationship between these items and the risk factors (demographic) among Malaysian construction professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 173 Malaysian construction professionals. A DASS-21 questionnaire is used to survey eligible respondents. Results: Findings show that construction professionals have a high level of stress (54.9%), anxiety (48.5%), and depression (37%). Gender is significantly associated with stress (p = 0.000) and depression (p = 0.000). In turn, stress (p = 0.038), anxiety (p = 0.000), and depression (p = 0.001) all demonstrate a significant relationship with health status Conclusions: Health status is the risk factor most significantly associated with occupational stress. Given the findings, construction managers can help protect their employees and their mental health by promoting a healthy workplace through stress management and social activities.
Association between rs2787094 Genetic Variants in ADAM33 Gene and Asthma in Indonesian Population: Preliminary study
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia, Viyati Kencono
Published: October 2023

Background: Asthma is a multifactorial disease that encompasses a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. One such factor is the disintegrin and metalloprotein-33 (ADAM33) gene, which is correlated with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Previous studies conducted on Asian populations have reported a significant association between rs2787094 polymorphism in the ADAM33 gene and asthma. Methods: Our study involved 153 Indonesian participants. TaqMan genotyping assay was used to analyze rs2787094 polymorphism in the ADAM33 gene. Results: No significant association was detected between the allele and genotype frequencies of rs2787094 and asthma in the case and control subjects (p = 1.00). The distribution of rs2787094 genotypes in healthy controls was CC (12.1%), CG (42.1%), and GG (45.8%). The genotype distribution in Indonesians was similar to East Asians in 1,000 genomes dataset. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the association between rs2787094 polymorphism in the ADAM33 gene and asthma in the Indonesian population and concluded that it is not associated. Future studies with larger sample sizes and more single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ADAM33 gene are needed to validate these results.
Analysis of thermal noise characteristics in 10 nm metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
Authors: Jia Xiao-Fei , Wei Qun , Zhang Wen-Peng , He Liang , Wu Zhen-Hua ,   School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Advanced Materials and Nano Technology School, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: October 2023

Small size metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), owing to their high theoretical efficiency and low production cost, have received much attention and are at the frontier of transistors. At present, their development is bottlenecked by physical limits due to equal scaling down of devices, which requires further improvement in terms of materials choice and device fabrication. As the MOSFET devices scale down to nanometer scale, on the one hand, the resulting short channel effect affects severely the thermal noise property; on the other hand, it makes the ratio of thermal noise in the gate, source, drain and substrate regions become higher and higher. However, the traditional thermal noise model mainly considers thermal noise of large-size devices, and its model does not consider the channel saturation region. In view of this, it is necessary to establish a small size MOSFET thermal noise model and analyze its characteristics.

At present, there are some researches on MOSFET thermal noise, but they mainly focus on the thermal noise in channel region of large size nanoscale MOSFET. In the present work, according to the device structure and inherent thermal noise characteristics, we establish a thermal noise model for MOSFETs of 10 nm feature size. The model includes contributions of substrate region, gate-source-drain region, and channel region. In the channel region is also included the thermal noise related to the device saturation regime. Using such a model, the dependence of channel thermal noise and total thermal noise on the device bias condition and device parameters are investigated, evidencing the existence of thermal noise in the device saturation regime, which are consistent with the experimental results in the literature. The thermal noise increases with the gate voltage and source-drain voltage rising as the device structure shrinks. In a temperature range of 100–400 K, the thermal noise is basically on the order of 1021, indicating that the temperature has a great influence on the thermal noise. The thermal noise model established in this work can be applied to analyzing the noise performances of small size MOSFET devices, and the conclusions drawn from the present study are beneficial to improving the efficiency, lifetime, and response speed of MOSFETs on a nanometer scale.
Optimal design of Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Yue-Rong , Tian Han-Min , Zhang Deng-Qi , Liu Wei-Long , Ma Xu-Lei ,   School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Device, Tianjin 300401, China
Published: October 2023

Double perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their low cost, high performance, environmental friendliness, and strong stability. In this study, the effect of thickness of perovskite layer, band offset, metal electrode work function, the thickness and doping concentration of the transport layer on the efficiency of Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6 solar cells are analyzed by using Silvaco TCAD to improve device performance. This preliminary study of device based on Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL) and ZnO as electron transport layer (ETL) shows that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) is 12.66%. The results show that the efficiency gradually saturates when the thickness of the perovskite layer is greater than 500 nm. The optimal conduction band offset (CBO) ranges from 0 eV to +0.5 eV and the optimal valence band offset (VBO) from –0.1 eV to +0.2 eV. After changing the device's ETL into ZnOS and HTLs into MoO3, Cu2O and CuSCN, respectively, and optimizing their thickness values and doping concentrations, the final theoretical photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the double perovskite solar cell with an HTL of Cu2O can reach 22.85%, which is increased by 25.6% compared with the currently reported theoretical efficiency value. Moreover, the optimal efficiency is achieved when the metal electrode work function is less than –4.9 eV. This work will help find suitable materials for the transport layer and provide guidance for developing the high-performance and lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Superconducting rotor drive method with integrated driving and alignment
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Hu Xin-Ning , Cui Chun-Yan , Cui Xu , Niu Fei-Fei , Huang Xing , Wang Lu-Zhong , Wang Qiu-Liang ,   Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
Published: October 2023

The high-speed rotating superconducting rotor can be used as a high-precision inertial device to measure the angular position or angular velocity of the carrier. The mass eccentricity and spherical error of the superconducting rotor are the main error sources that affect the measurement accuracy. The more complex the structure of the superconducting rotor, the greater the mass eccentricity and spherical error caused by its production and assembly process are, and the lower the accuracy of its measurement of angular velocity. Based on this, in this work, an electromagnetic drive structure with a simple rotor structure is designed. And the torque generated by the stator on the superconducting rotor is studied through finite element method (FEM). The effects of the stator on vertical alignment and acceleration of the superconducting rotor are analyzed. Based on the research results of the superconducting rotor torque, a superconducting rotor drive method with integrated driving and vertical alignment is proposed, which achieves the driving and vertical alignment functions simultaneously through the stator coil, and corresponding stator control timing is designed. Finally, the torque distribution in the driving process of the proposed driving method is analyzed, and the driving effect is quantitatively analyzed based on the response characteristics of the stator system. The time for the superconducting rotor to be accelerated to 50 Hz under different conditions is calculated. The results show that the designed driving electromagnetic structure and the proposed integrated driving method of vertical alignment and driving can be used for vertical aligning and driving the superconducting rotor. The research results provide a reference for further optimizing the superconducting rotor structure and driving methods of superconducting rotors.
Mutant SF3B1 promotes malignancy in PDAC
Authors: Simmler Patrik , Ioannidi Eleonora I , Mengis Tamara , Marquart Kim Fabiano , Asawa Simran , Van-Lehmann Kjong , Kahles Andre , Thomas Tinu , Schwerdel Cornelia , Aceto Nicola , Rätsch Gunnar , Stoffel Markus , Schwank Gerald
Published: October 2023

The splicing factor SF3B1 is recurrently mutated in various tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The impact of the hotspot mutation SF3B1K700E on the PDAC pathogenesis, however, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Sf3b1K700E alone is insufficient to induce malignant transformation of the murine pancreas, but that it increases aggressiveness of PDAC if it co-occurs with mutated KRAS and p53. We further show that Sf3b1K700E already plays a role during early stages of pancreatic tumor progression and reduces the expression of TGF-β1-responsive epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. Moreover, we found that SF3B1K700E confers resistance to TGF-β1-induced cell death in pancreatic organoids and cell lines, partly mediated through aberrant splicing of Map3k7. Overall, our findings demonstrate that SF3B1K700E acts as an oncogenic driver in PDAC, and suggest that it promotes the progression of early stage tumors by impeding the cellular response to tumor suppressive effects of TGF-β.
Direct observation of the neural computations underlying a single decision
Authors: Steinemann Natalie , Stine Gabriel M , Trautmann Eric , Zylberberg Ariel , Wolpert Daniel M , Shadlen Michael N
Published: October 2023

Neurobiological investigations of perceptual decision-making have furnished the first glimpse of a flexible cognitive process at the level of single neurons. Neurons in the parietal and prefrontal cortex are thought to represent the accumulation of noisy evidence, acquired over time, leading to a decision. Neural recordings averaged over many decisions have provided support for the deterministic rise in activity to a termination bound. Critically, it is the unobserved stochastic component that is thought to confer variability in both choice and decision time. Here, we elucidate this drift-diffusion signal on individual decisions. We recorded simultaneously from hundreds of neurons in the lateral intraparietal cortex of monkeys while they made decisions about the direction of random dot motion. We show that a single scalar quantity, derived from the weighted sum of the population activity, represents a combination of deterministic drift and stochastic diffusion. Moreover, we provide direct support for the hypothesis that this drift-diffusion signal approximates the quantity responsible for the variability in choice and reaction times. The population-derived signals rely on a small subset of neurons with response fields that overlap the choice targets. These neurons represent the integral of noisy evidence. Another subset of direction-selective neurons with response fields that overlap the motion stimulus appear to represent the integrand. This parsimonious architecture would escape detection by state-space analyses, absent a clear hypothesis.
Redefiniendo espacios residuales en Bajos de Mena: la villa como unidad consolidadora en la periferia
Authors:   , Galdames Anabalón Mario
Published: October 2023

Bajos de Mena es un sector ubicado al sur de Santiago de Chile, en la comuna de Puente Alto, y en al cual han ocurrido diversas intervenciones urbanas con un escaso sentido de planificación y ordenamiento del lugar, lográndose convertirse en un rompecabezas urbano, un gran laboratorio de distintas tipologías de vivienda social, cuyas piezas se fueron instalando solo con el fin de llenar el espacio designado, pero sin la intención de generar una buena conexión con sus piezas vecinas. Este proceso comenzó en el año 1939 con la llegada de la población Mourguez, cuando aún era considerado un sector rural. De ahí en adelante de manera paulatina comenzaron a construirse nuevos conjuntos habitacionales, comúnmente denominados villas, los cuales además de ir ubicándose en los espacios que los predios agrícolas disponibles, no fueron construidos ni diseñados con un sentido de continuidad con los conjuntos habitacionales previos, lo que fue generando zonas de conflictos en estos límites de las deferentes villas y que desde un tiempo se utilizan como basurales, o espacios para acoger personas sin casa, o -de forma esporádica- para la instalación de circos o pequeños parques de entretenciones. Este trabajo busca explicar y entender el origen de Bajos de Mena, comprender su situación actual y que estos problemas detectados en sus límites son también oportunidades de unificar las tramas de las distintas piezas que conforman el sector además de una oportunidad de dotar de nuevo equipamiento de uso público que es tan escaso. Este trabajo se plantea como objetivo el desarrollas una estrategia de intervención focalizada en los sitios intersticiales conflictivos generados en el sector, como resultado de un proceso de urbanización inorgánico y que incluye las villas allí construidas a lo largo de la historia Bajos de Mena. Se plantea dotar a estos espacios de atributos que aporten al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los habitantes de este territorio. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis histórico de la ocupación del sector y un levantamiento de información que permite caracterizar a Majos de Mena, con todas sus aspectos críticos y potencialidades de mejoramiento del entorno construido. A partir de lo anterior se desarrolla un ejercicio proyectual de intervención.
Zonas degradadas como potencial de costura urbana: reconversión para las nuevas centralidades de Lo Errázuriz, Cerrillos
Authors:   , Maino Urbina Alfonsina
Published: October 2023

El crecimiento de Santiago a partir de fragmentos, junto a otros fenómenos urbanos, han dejado en evidencia la falta de planificación urbana y gestión de los suelos, provocando en las ciudades zonas segregadas, degradadas y discontinuas que dan origen a barrios monofuncionales sin los equipamientos mínimos. Dentro de estas zonas periféricas desarrolladas deficientemente se encuentran terrenos baldíos, vertederos o sectores ex productivos que potencian la fragmentación del territorio actuando a modo de islas urbanas en las cuales surgen usos informales como basurales o campamentos. A pesar de ello, el buen diseño de estas áreas podría convertirse en una oportunidad para generar grandes corredores de transporte y áreas verdes continuas, además de la creación de nuevas centralidades que incorporen vivienda y equipamiento básico a la planificación de los territorios en los que se encuentran. En relación a esta oportunidad, la investigación presentada busca ser un aporte a la discusión sobre las zonas degradadas, tomando como caso de estudio el área de Lo Errázuriz en la comuna de Cerrillos, Santiago, la cual se caracteriza por ser una zona fragmentada, en la que sumado a los terrenos baldíos existe infraestructura vial e hídrica que dificulta la integración urbana. Sin embargo, las futuras conexiones hacia el centro de Santiago a través del transporte público invitan a repensar este territorio, buscando la integración de las zonas degradadas a la trama urbana tanto a su contexto inmediato como al Metropolitano y con esto, encontrar un sistema replicable de posibles soluciones ante este tipo de problemas urbanos.
Caracterización de los niveles de argumentación científica en estudiantes secundarios en la Unidad de Química Orgánica: una propuesta de unidad didáctica y el uso de la técnica de viñetas conceptuales en la clase de ciencias
Authors:   , Izquierdo Montero Daniel Alejandro
Published: October 2023

Caracterización de los niveles de argumentación científica en estudiantes secundarios en la Unidad de Química Orgánica: una propuesta de unidad didáctica y el uso de la técnica de viñetas conceptuales en la clase de ciencias
Análisis desde perspectivas posestructuralistas de la incorporación del concepto de género en los estándares del marco de para la buena enseñanza. Consideraciones para creación de sugerencias a la política pública
Authors:   , Lagos Garrido Nicole Andrea
Published: October 2023

A partir de la aplicación del análisis metodológico para la política pública de Bacchi y Godwin (2016) “What´s the Problem Represented to be? The WPR Approach” se realiza un análisis teórico y metdologico de carácter postestructuralista a la incorporación conceptual que se realiza del concepto de “Género” en los Estándares del Marco para la Buena Enseñanza (actualizado al 2021). Respondiendo a las preguntas que presenta el modelo de análisis WPR, se busca describir lo que ocurre en tanto afirmaciones y silencios (Flores, 2008) se reproduce en el ejercicio docente a partir de la incorporación del concepto de género en la impronta de la escuela neoliberal chilena (Bellei, 2015). Los resultados de la revisión bibliográfica en tanto incorporación, uso y referencias bibliográficas del concepto Género, permiten establecer un relato de afirmación de lógicas y concepciones neoliberales basadas en la auto eficiencia, desarrollo de competencias y aprendizajes bajo lógicas transaccionales y la reproducción norma de binaria género: hombre/mujer (Matus et al., 2021), como únicas expresiones de género (Butler, 1990) validadas en el documento analizado. A modo de recomendación se propone elaborar una serie de orientaciones y/o sugerencias tipo “Policy Brief”, a partir del modelo publicado por (Apablaza Santis, 2015)Muñoz-García y Lira (2020) para la política pública del mundo educacional.
Taller de Desarrollo Profesional de Pares Docentes: Volver a la lectura: Una propuesta para fortalecer la mediación literaria en un equipo de profesores desde la didáctica de la literatura
Authors:   , Carreño Cañas César Alonso
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo se origina desde la necesidad didáctica de ofrecer espacios de actualización pedagógica a docentes que trabajan la mediación de textos literarios en espacios escolares. Para construir la propuesta didáctica se obtuvo información cualitativa a partir de entrevistas y observaciones de clases, que dan fundamento contextualizado a la creación del taller “Volver a la lectura”. Este trabajo, que fue validado por expertos, busca que los docentes participantes puedan: a) reflexionar sobre su identidad lectora y literaria; b) ampliar su conocimiento del corpus en torno a la literatura infantil y juvenil; c) revisar teoría actualizada acerca de la formación de mediadores en contextos escolares; d) adquirir de forma teórico-práctica la herramienta didáctica de mediación de lectura literaria Dime propuesta por Aidan Chambers (2007). Se proyecta la implementación del taller con los profesores participantes del estudio durante el mes de agosto. Igualmente, se espera la implementación de una segunda versión del taller con todos los docentes del departamento de Lenguaje a contar de octubre del presente año. Lo anterior se enmarca en el contexto ideal de una planificación estratégica en la cual el departamento sistematice la conversación literaria como una práctica institucional que integre los saberes profesionales de todos los miembros del equipo y expanda esta concepción hacia la comunidad educativa.
Diseño e implementación de una estrategia de evaluación auténtica orientada a la elaboración de contratos de trabajo, cuarto medio administración.
Authors:   , Salgado Verdugo Cristian Antonio
Published: October 2023

El diseño e implementación de la estrategia se abordó desde el enfoque de evaluación auténtica en un contexto de educación técnico profesional de un establecimiento público de la región de Ñuble, con participación de una docente del área de Administración en Recursos Humanos y de un cuarto medio de la misma especialidad. La propuesta se elaboró en un proceso de tres instancias claves: a) fase de planificación de la enseñanza y evaluación (alineación constructiva); b) fase de implementación en aula con un estudio de caso asociado a la temática de legislación laboral y contrato de trabajo (demostración de competencias) y c) fase de post-implementación: aplicación de un cuestionario a estudiantes participantes y una entrevista a la docente encargada del curso, además de los respectivos análisis de la información generada (autenticidad subjetiva). Los resultados y hallazgos de la implementación se organizaron en categorías que develan el papel que cumplió la evaluación auténtica en el grupo de participantes: 1) desempeños logrados y evaluados con la rúbrica analítica 2) evaluación auténtica y tradicional (contexto institucional y experiencia docente con el enfoque evaluativo; 3) impacto de la evaluación auténtica en el aprendizaje (significativa, autorreguladora y trabajo colaborativo y 4) evaluación auténtica: logros, transferencia y mundo laboral: competencias laborales y transferencia de aprendizajes.
Análisis elemental cuantitativo de salmueras concentradas por espectroscopía de emisión atómica por llama mediante el desarrollo de un prototipo de bajo costo
Authors:   , Deij Lagos Nissim Khalil
Published: October 2023

El avance mundial hacia la electromovilidad ha posicionado al litio como metal estratégico para la fabricación de baterías y Chile cumple un rol relevante como productor de carbonato de litio desde salmueras cloruradas del Salar de Atacama. La hidrometalurgia del litio, que consiste mayoritariamente en concentración por evaporación solar de agua en pozas y procesamiento en planta de carbonato de litio requiere el monitoreo a tiempo, preciso y en terreno de los constituyentes de la salmuera durante el proceso. La mayoría de los métodos de medición convencionales son dependientes de la preparación y medición de muestras en el laboratorio con el respectivo desfase de tiempo y costo, además de ser prohibitivo de realizar in situ mediante los métodos tradicionales de análisis químico. En esta investigación, mediante el desarrollo de un instrumento prototipo de bajo costo basado en espectroscopía de emisión atómica por llama, se realizó el análisis y medición de las líneas de emisión atómica características de las principales transiciones electrónicas de Li, Na y K (en ~670, ~590 y ~769 nm) en salmueras cloruradas y se pudo proporcionar una curva de calibración mediante un ajuste lineal para estimar la concentración elemental, con un tiempo de respuesta en segundos, en el rango entre 5 y 5 000 ppm para Li y entre 10 y 5 000 ppm para Na y K. Además, se estudiaron experimentalmente los efectos de interferencia del resto de los elementos presentes en la salmuera y la interacción entre ellos, mostrando que no tienen un efecto significativo en la medición de los 3 metales alcalinos. La extensión del rango lineal de la curva de calibración (3 órdenes de magnitud), los límites de detección y cuantificación obtenidos para los 3 elementos (en el rango de partículas por millón), y la baja complejidad y costo del instrumento prototipo validan la técnica como una propuesta de valor para el monitoreo de salmueras concentradas de litio.
Potencial fermentativo de levaduras aisladas de insectos para la elaboración de cerveza artesanal
Authors:   , Galaz Galaz Valeria Nicole
Published: October 2023

Últimamente las levaduras no-saccharomyces han sido estudiadas para alimentos fermentados. En el ámbito cervecero han causado un gran interés, ya que es una forma innovadora para obtener nuevos sabores y aromas. En este estudio se aislaron levaduras salvajes desde el tracto intestinal de seis especies de insectos (órden: Coleóptera, Lepidóptera y Hemíptera) que se encuentran en Chile. El objetivo fue caracterizar el perfil fermentativo de las diferentes cepas con el fin de determinar su potencial uso en la elaboración de cerveza artesanal. Las levaduras encontradas en los diferentes insectos fueron identificadas morfológicamente y genéticamente (mediante secuenciación de ADN). Se analizaron mediante el algoritmo Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST 2.2.26) encontrando 21 cepas de cinco géneros de levaduras (Lachancea, Torulaspora, Candida, Yarrowia y Pichia) de estas L. thermotolerans, L. quebecensis, T. delbrueckii y C. boidinii se consideraron candidatas potenciales para la elaboración de cerveza. Para discriminar cual presentaba características más adecuadas para la elaboración de cerveza, se estudió el tipo de carbohidrato que asimilaban, la producción de etanol en medio de glucosa y maltosa, y su resistencia a lúpulo y etanol. Todas las cepas investigadas fueron capaces de fermentar parcialmente los azúcares del mosto y mostraron tolerancia a los compuestos del lúpulo (50-90 IBU) y al etanol (5-8% v/v), con excepción de C. boidinii. Debido a la capacidad de rápido crecimiento, producción de etanol y tolerancia de lúpulo y etanol se eligió T. delbrueckii aislada del pulgón del duraznero para la elaboración de cerveza tipo golden ale. Se encontró que esta cepa es capaz de producir una cerveza con un agradable aroma floral, frutal y lupulado. Al séptimo día de la fermentación llegó a formar 4.5% (v/v) de alcohol y una óptima concentración de compuestos volátiles para ligarla sensorialmente a un aroma frutal (acetato de etilo, acetato de isoamilo y alcohol isoamilico).