bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PointNet +  + Based Concealed Object Classification Utilizing an FMCW Millimeter-Wave Radar
Authors: Wang Yaheng , Su Jie , Murakami Hironaru , Tonouchi Masayoshi
Published: October 2024

In the field of millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a crucial solution for addressing automation challenges. In this study, concealed object classification was successfully achieved on point cloud data from MMW radar high-precision imaging using the PointNet +  + deep learning method. The utilized dataset comprises point cloud data generated through the transformation of 3D models and reconstruction of physical objects with an accuracy of less than 1 mm via MMW radar scanning. Classification accuracy was significantly improved by introducing data enhancement techniques, including the generation of homologous data and optimization of sampling points. After several evaluations, 300 epochs of training were conducted using 8192 sampling points, the results showed an accuracy of 0.998 for the training dataset and 0.996 for the test dataset. Moreover, evaluations of samples not included in the original dataset as well as multi-surface scans of concealed objects within the cardboard both resulted in correct predictions, which further validates the effectiveness and reliability of the study and demonstrates the potential of AI applied to MMW imaging.
“Try until the last?”—the relevance of fresh embryo transfer outcomes for subsequent same-cohort vitrified–warmed cycles
Authors: Lastinger Julia , Enengl Sabine , Oppelt Peter , Trautner Philip Sebastian , Ebner Thomas , Shebl Omar
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Taking into consideration earlier attempts at assisted reproduction and previous pregnancies allows a more differentiated approach when counseling couples regarding their chances in assisted reproductive treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcome of fresh embryo transfers affects subsequent same-cohort vitrified–warmed cycles.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzes the outcome of all fresh and frozen embryo transfers (n = 8118) between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022. All women who received fresh or frozen embryo transfers at Kepler University Hospital Linz were included. The use of donor eggs, previously cryopreserved oocytes, and freeze-all cycles were excluded from the analysis.

Results

Positive serum βhCG after a fresh cycle has a significant impact on the chances of positive βhCG in a subsequent vitrified–warmed cycle (36.3% [33.2%, 39.5%]; P = 0.002). Negative βhCG after a fresh cycle does not predict the outcome of the following same-cohort embryo transfer (33.1% [30.7%, 35.7%], P = 0.726). Pregnancy rates of the first, second, third, and fourth same-cohort vitrified–warmed embryo transfer remain continuously high, with 32.8%, 30.8%, 28.9%, and 27.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

Positive serum βhCG after a fresh embryo transfer has a positive predictive value for the outcome of a subsequent vitrified–warmed embryo transfer. Couples with a negative fresh cycle should not be discouraged from continuing fertility treatment using same-cohort frozen embryos.

Trial registration

This study was prospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register on September 5, 2023 (DRKS00032552).
Responses to Gender-Based Violence by Individuals Who Were Exposed to It During Childhood in Spain
Authors: Merodio Guiomar , Sabater Albert , Melgar Alcantud Patricia , Sánchez-Miret Cristina
Published: October 2024

Despite the common premise of the link between childhood exposure to gender-based violence (GBV) and future adult victimization or perpetration, the literature concerning this association is not entirely consistent. Different studies have reported no significant associations. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of GBV exposure during childhood on the presence of GBV during adulthood. A survey with 32 questions distributed in 8 blocks was administered to 1541 Spaniards over 18 years of age. The results show that people whose mothers were victims of GBV have constructed an identity positioned against GBV to a greater extent than the general population. This identity is evident through their social activism in the fight against GBV and their tendency to help when they witness or become aware of situations of GBV. In turn, they have acquired more knowledge about what to do and/or how to intervene in cases of GBV. On the other hand, 70% of Spanish women who have suffered GBV in their lifetime affirm that their mothers did not suffer from GBV when they were young. In Spain, exposure to GBV during childhood does not necessarily lead to the reproduction of such violence in future intimate partner relationships. We thus question the intergenerational transmission of violence in the case of both victims and perpetrators.
Energy-Aware Hierarchical Control of Joint Velocities
Authors: Wittmann Jonas , Hornung Daniel , Griesbauer Korbinian , Rixen Daniel
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, robots are applied in dynamic environments. For a robust operation, the motion planning module must consider other tasks besides reaching a specified pose: (self) collision avoidance, joint limit avoidance, keeping an advantageous configuration, etc. Each task demands different joint control commands, which may counteract each other. We present a hierarchical control that, depending on the robot and environment state, determines online a suitable priority among those tasks. Thereby, the control command of a lower-prioritized task never hinders the control command of a higher-prioritized task. We ensure smooth control signals also during priority rearrangement. Our hierarchical control computes reference joint velocities. However, the underlying concepts of hierarchical control differ when using joint accelerations or joint torques as control signals instead. So, as a further contribution, we provide a comprehensive discussion on how joint velocity control, joint acceleration control, and joint torque control differ in hierarchical task control. We validate our formulation in an experiment on hardware.
“Tuning density and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels through precursor dilution for lightweight applications”
Authors: Steffens K. , Bialuschewski D. , Milow B.
Published: October 2024

Organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels can be made of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS, CH3Si(OCH3)3) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS, Si(OCH3)2(CH3)2) in a typical sol-gel process yielding flexible and hydrophobic structures. In this work, MTMS and DMDMS were condensed with an increasing amount of water, leading to a decrease in the final materials density from ∼ 0.110 g cm−3 down to ∼0.066 g cm−3. The gels were synthesized in a one-pot synthesis and dried under ambient pressure conditions at 80 °C. While the topology of the network remained intact, the size of secondary particles decreased from roughly 8.2 to 3.3 μm. The inter-particle neck thickness remained unaffected with increasing aging time for higher dilutions. The measured thermal conductivities were all in similar range (∼ 32.5 mW (m K)−1 at 25 °C), showing very good insulation characteristics. In general, higher diluted samples exhibited increasing softness and decreasing Young’s modulus, even with increased aging times. Overall, our optimized recipe leads to hydrophobic aerogels with ultralow densities while demonstrating very low thermal conductivity and a flexible mechanical performance.

Graphical Abstract
The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of Digital Mental Health Interventions for College Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Taylor Madison E. , Liu Michelle , Abelson Sara , Eisenberg Daniel , Lipson Sarah K. , Schueller Stephen M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review

We evaluated the impact of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) for college students. We organized findings using the RE-AIM framework to include reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.

Recent Findings

We conducted a systematic literature review of recent findings from 2019–2024. Our search identified 2,701 articles, of which 95 met inclusion criteria. In the reach domain, student samples were overwhelmingly female and White. In the effectiveness domain, over 80% of DMHIs were effective or partially effective at reducing their primary outcome. In the adoption domain, studies reported modest uptake for DMHIs. In the implementation and maintenance domains, studies reported high adherence rates to DMHI content. While recruitment methods were commonly reported, adaptations and costs of implementation and maintenance were rarely reported.

DMHIs for college students are effective for many psychological outcomes. Future work should address diversifying samples and considering implementation in a variety of college settings.
Conceptualizing National Security in an Era of Great Power Rivalry: Implications for International Economic Law
Authors: Slawotsky Joel
Published: October 2024

Until recently the national security exception in investment and trade was understood in terms of defense against military invasion or attack and possibly extendable to economic collapse. However, national security is increasingly understood far beyond the classical contours of territorial integrity. Driven primarily by the China-U.S. hegemonic competition, the new conceptualization is exemplified in a dramatic expansion in U.S. investment and trade measures based upon conceptualizing national security as encompassing threats to a fusion of interrelated spheres of national strength including economic, technological, and ideological power. Moreover, the U.S. now understands security as the retention of superiority in an array of power spheres and encompasses denying China access to emerging technologies. China has similarly expanded her definition of security which is often referenced as “national interests” and embraces political stability (Party dominance), social stability, ideological security, and the defense of Chinese overseas interests, all of which lie far outside the classical definition of security. The untethered expansion in both the U.S. and Chinese conceptualization of security raises significant ramifications for the international economic architecture. As the guardrails of security are abandoned in pursuit of policy goals, a potentially overly-broad and excessive notion of security risks deepening several overlapping perils to the current international legal landscape. The focus of this article is on the expansion of the national security exception in investment and trade and potential implications arising from an unfettered expansion.
New therapy options for myelodysplastic syndrome—all for all or targeted?
Authors: Petzer Verena
Published: October 2024

The OeGHO-Frühjahrstagung 2024 took place in Vienna. Thereby one session was dedicated specifically to the field of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Just a few days before the meeting, the European Medicines Agency approved luspatercept for transfusion-dependent low-risk MDS patients in the first line. It was therefore more current than ever to discuss the future significance of this therapy for our patients in the low-risk field. In addition, there are other new substances in the pipeline; some of which already have mature phase III data (e.g., imetelstat), which have already led to the approval by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Neues zur Struktur und Funktion von ATG9-Vesikeln in Synapsen
Authors: Binotti Beyenech , Sambandan Sivakumar , Jahn Reinhard
Published: October 2024

Neurons communicate via release of neurotransmitters at synapses, which requires hundreds of different proteins. Here, autophagy plays a key role in protein maintenance and degradation, with vesicles containing the protein ATG9 being crucial for the formation of autophagosomes. We found that these vesicles, while resembling synaptic vesicles in size and density, represent a separate and heterogeneous vesicle population in the synapse. They serve as a platform for the recruitment and assembly of various effector proteins required for interaction with different intracellular organelles.
Wnt-Signaltransduktion in motilen Zilien und Geißeln
Authors: Seidl Carina , Niehrs Christof
Published: October 2024

Motile cilia are essential for many biological processes, including mucus transport in the human airway or in the male and female reproductive system. Unraveling their biogenesis and mechanisms regulating their coordinate beating motion are of medical interest to understand ciliopathies. We recently discovered that cilia are Wnt signaling organelles. Here, we discuss the intraciliary Wnt/GSK3 signaling axis that is required for cilia biogenesis and for motile cilia function.
Der Kreis schließt sich: Nukleation von Mikrotubuli durch den γ-TuRC
Authors: Würtz Martin , Vermeulen Bram J. A. , Hofer Florian W. , Pfeffer Stefan , Schiebel Elmar
Published: October 2024

Microtubules, essential components of the cytoskeleton, are assembled from α/β-tubulin subunits by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC). Over the last five years, cryo-electron microscopy studies have advanced our structural and mechanistic understanding of this process by elucidating structures of the γ-TuRC from different organisms and, very recently, after microtubule nucleation under varying conditions.
Ökobilanz für die Bioprozessoptimierung – Herstellung des Biotensids MEL
Authors: Bippus Lars , Briem Ann-Kathrin , Beck Alexander , Zibek Susanne , Albrecht Stefan
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the environmental impacts of producing mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) using life cycle assessment (LCA) and kinetic models. MELs are microbial biosurfactants with various applications produced from biobased sources. The LCA results indicate that substrate provision, bioreactor aeration and solvent use for purification are major environmental impact sources. The findings highlight areas for improving the environmental sustainability of the production processes.
U-Net basierte Koloniedetektion in Fluoreszenzbildern
Authors: Burgdorf Simon-Johannes , Roddelkopf Thomas , Thurow Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Manual analysis of bacterial colonies in microbiology is time-consuming and error-prone. This study examines the suitability of U-Net models for the automated detection of colonies on fluorescent images. A particular advantage of these models is the pixel-precise segmentation, which enables detailed analyses. The model performed effectively with an F1 score of 0.93 on the validation data and a mask prediction time of just 0.27 seconds without the need for image preprocessing, even in the presence of artifacts. The implementation uses freely available libraries, which simplifies access.
Mitochondrial proteostasis in axons: key roles for neuronal health
Authors: Zaninello Marta , Rugarli Elena I.
Published: October 2024

Neurons integrate perception, motor, and cognitive functions, relying heavily on mitochondria for ATP production to support axonal transport, synaptic activity, and maintenance of membrane potential. Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts energy supply, increases oxidative stress, and impairs calcium buffering, contributing to axonal degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are strategically located and transported within highly polarised neurons, posing the problem of maintaining functional organelles in axonal and dendritic regions far away from the cell body. This article highlights mechanisms that ensure the quality of the mitochondrial proteome in neurons.
The role of possessions for the extended self of sustainability- concerned anti-consumers
Authors: Vlieger de Oliveira Sophia Elizabeth , Wache Catalina , Raithel Sascha
Published: October 2024

Belk’s (Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139–168, 1988, Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 477–500, 2013) seminal work on possessions and the extended self explains how possessions form and symbolize an individual’s extended self. According to the framework, material possessions play a significant role for the extended self. In recent decades, individuals in consumer societies of the Global North have started to question their consumption patterns and their impact on the natural environment in light of the climate crisis. These individuals engage in anti-consumption practices which aim at reducing environmental impact through reducing and rejecting consumption including the acquisition of material possessions. This paper assesses if Belk’s (Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139–168, 1988, Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 477–500 2013) framework is still applicable in the case of sustainability-concerned anti-consumers and which modifications need to be made to account for a change in consumption patterns. We propose that the self-expressive aspect of the extended self framework remains salient, as the intentional non-consumption by anti-consumers helps them distance themselves from possible undesired selves. Through a de-extension of the self, consumers rely on experiences, people and places which are central to the self rather than on material possessions. The material objects that remain parts of the extended self and that have a symbolic meaning represent their owner’s ethical and pro-environmental values and are often created through upcycling, refurbishing or acquired in second-hand or sharing markets. Since consumers increasingly consider the effects their acquisitions and actions have on the state of the Earth, they re-extend their selves to include experiences and the natural environment as a psychological possession.
Explaining AI through mechanistic interpretability
Authors: Kästner Lena , Crook Barnaby
Published: October 2024

Recent work in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) attempts to render opaque AI systems understandable through a divide-and-conquer strategy. However, this fails to illuminate how trained AI systems work as a whole. Precisely this kind of functional understanding is needed, though, to satisfy important societal desiderata such as safety. To remedy this situation, we argue, AI researchers should seek mechanistic interpretability, viz. apply coordinated discovery strategies familiar from the life sciences to uncover the functional organisation of complex AI systems. Additionally, theorists should accommodate for the unique costs and benefits of such strategies in their portrayals of XAI research.
Advances in predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Liu Wanlin , Zhong Jingqin , Zou Zijian , Lin Xinyi , Sun Wei , Hu Tu , Xu Yu , Chen Yong
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This review primarily discusses the current research advance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biomarkers and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages.

Methods

All reference can be found through Pubmed. This review mainly focuses on three main directions: tumor-related factors, host factors, and the tumor microenvironment. In the end, there exhibits some unusual aspects of predictive biomarkers and forecasts the future model.

Results

The mainsteam of predictive biomarkers focuses on PD-L1, TMB, gene mutations, immune cells, IDO1, LDH, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), HLA-DR, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and Extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Conclusion

The current research advance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy can be mainly divided into three parts: tumor-related factors, host factors, and the tumor microenvironment. The predictive biomarkers include PD-L1, TMB, gene mutations, immune cells, IDO1, LDH, TLS, HLA-DR, TAMs, TILs, and EVs. A model based on multiple biomarkers is expected to become the answer to predicting prognosis.
Field investigation of 3-D snow settling dynamics under weak atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Guala Michele , Hong Jiarong
Published: October 2024

Research on the settling dynamics of snow particles, considering their complex morphologies and real atmospheric conditions, remains scarce despite extensive simulations and laboratory studies. Our study bridges this gap through a comprehensive field investigation into the three-dimensional (3-D) snow settling dynamics under weak atmospheric turbulence, enabled by a 3-D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) system to record over a million trajectories, coupled with a snow particle analyser for simultaneous aerodynamic property characterization of four distinct snow types (aggregates, graupels, dendrites, needles). Our findings indicate that while the terminal velocity predicted by the aerodynamic model aligns well with the PTV-measured settling velocity for graupels, significant discrepancies arise for non-spherical particles, particularly dendrites, which exhibit higher drag coefficients than predicted. Qualitative observations of the 3-D settling trajectories highlight pronounced meandering in aggregates and dendrites, in contrast to the subtler meandering observed in needles and graupels, attributable to their smaller frontal areas. This meandering in aggregates and dendrites occurs at lower frequencies compared with that of graupels. Further quantification of trajectory acceleration and curvature suggests that the meandering frequencies in aggregates and dendrites are smaller than that of morphology-induced vortex shedding of disks, likely due to their rotational inertia, and those of graupels align with the small-scale atmospheric turbulence. Moreover, our analysis of vertical acceleration along trajectories elucidates that the orientation changes in dendrites and aggregates enhance their settling velocity. Such insights into settling dynamics refine models of snow settling velocity under weak atmospheric turbulence, with broader implications for more accurately predicting ground snow accumulation.
Zigzag instability of columnar Taylor–Green vortices in a strongly stratified fluid
Authors: Guo Junwei , Taylor John R. , Zhou Qi
Published: October 2024

We investigate the dynamics of a columnar Taylor–Green vortex array under strong stratification, focusing on Froude numbers

$0.125\leq Fr \leq 1.0$

, with the aim of identifying and understanding the primary instabilities that lead to the vortices’ breakdown. Linear stability analysis reveals that the fastest-growing vertical wavenumber scales with

$Fr^{-1}$

, while the dimensionless growth rate remains approximately constant. The most unstable eigenmode, identified as the mixed hyperbolic mode by Hattori et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 909, 2021, A4), bears significant similarities to the zigzag instability, first discovered by Billant & Chomaz (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 418, 2000, pp. 167–188). Direct numerical simulations further confirm that the zigzag instability is crucial in amplifying initial random perturbations to finite amplitude, with the flow structure and modal growth rate consistent with the linear stability analysis. In particular, the characteristic vertical length scale of turbulence matches that of the fastest-growing linear mode. These findings underscore the broader relevance of the zigzag instability mechanism beyond its initial discovery in vortex pairs, demonstrating its role in facilitating direct energy transfer from vertically uniform vortical motions to a characteristic vertical length scale proportional to

$Fr$

in strongly stratified flows.
Hungarian Nationalism in Orbán’s Era: The Case of Martfű
Authors: Demers Bálint
Published: October 2024

Based on the discursive analysis of 28 semidirected interviews conducted in the small industrial town of Martfű, this article reflects on the role played by nationalism in the construction of political and cultural hegemony by Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz, Hungary’s ruling party since 2010. The ten themes mobilised by the respondents to express their vision of the Hungarian nation (identification, belonging, commitment, transmission, territory, uniqueness/fragility, heterogeneity/homogeneity, unity/division, east/west, and insubordination) and the issues attached to them (relationship to Hungarian minorities of neighbouring countries, relationship to the European Union, immigration, etc.) are paralleled with Fidesz’s discourse. On those subjects, Orbán’s party’s nationalism positions itself in a “central” way, managing to incarnate heterogeneous conceptions of the nation that are shared among this research’s respondents by Fidesz as well as non-Fidesz voters.
The Unfulfilled Promise of Brown v. Board: white Americans’ Support for Public Education Funding for Black Students in the 21st Century
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Manning Andrea , Pollert Isaac
Published: October 2024

Seven decades after Brown v. Board, Black students continue to lag White students. This article analyzes six experiments conducted over three decades to study whether, consistent with social identity theory, White Americans are more supportive of funding increases for nonracially targeted educational programs that benefit their racial ingroup compared to race-targeted programs. We also ask whether racial prejudice is a factor, if implicit or explicit racial priming accounts for any observed differences, and if the effects have changed over time. Our results show that consistent with social identity theory, White Americans are more likely to favor funding increases for public schools or programs for poor children, categories that are majority White, than programs targeted to Black children. Furthermore, we find no evidence of implicit or explicit racial priming. Across all experiments and all years, interactions between racial priors and the treatments are null. We conclude that ingroup favoritism, not prejudice nor racial priming, explains racially discriminatory support for increases in education funding.
CHES Canada
Authors: Dassonneville Ruth , Koedam Jelle
Published: October 2024

The ideological and issue positions of parties are known to shape citizens’ political attitudes and voting behaviour. One important way to obtain estimates of parties’ positions is to ask experts to place parties on salient ideological dimensions. The Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES) has been collecting such estimates for democracies in Europe and elsewhere. CHES Canada adds to this project by providing estimates of party positions and characteristics of Canadian federal parties and provincial parties in Ontario and Quebec. This note introduces this new data source, clarifies how the data were collected and illustrates how the data can be used to (comparatively) study party politics in Canada.
On Interrogative Inquiries Without Suspended Judgement and Doxastic Neutrality
Authors: Flamini Leonardo
Published: October 2024

It is a widespread idea that suspended judgement implies a state of doxastic neutrality. Jane Friedman has recently claimed that while inquiring into a given question, one suspends one's judgement on it. Jointly considered, the previous claims imply that one is in a state of doxastic neutrality about a given question while inquiring into it. In this article, I explore the leading cases against Friedman's perspective, arguing that it is debatable whether they exhibit inquiries into questions without doxastic neutrality. However, I will propose the possibility of “explorative disconfirmation inquiries” to show that doxastically non-neutral inquiries do exist.
Socialism, Democracy, Bureaucracy, and Umbrella Organizations
Authors: Barzman John
Published: October 2024

Among the dilemmas faced by labor, socialist, and other movements of the subaltern classes striving to change society over the past two centuries, three are discussed here: forms of ownership, bureaucracy and “big tent” formulas for both unity of the working class broadly defined, and alliances with movements of independent owners or undefined class status. Examples are drawn from various countries (France, Italy, Britain, the USA, Brazil, Korea) and from international programmatic discussions. Socialists, notably Marxists, shared the radical republican goal of a true democracy of equals, but differed on the extent of collective ownership (state, local, cooperative) needed in the economy, and the definition of privately owned personal goods that insured an individual’s dignity and independence. The rise and contraction of capitalist states with social services (“welfare states”) complicated the issue. Such movements also accumulated experiences with the growth of experts and/or bureaucrats, and the means to limit their privileges and transformation into a caste-type elite. Three environments which generate such phenomena are identified: social-democratic and big labor, post-capitalist states and, more recently, nongovernmental organizations. Finally, the author discusses alliances with broader social forces which include working-class and non-working-class interests, and the management of cross-class ideologies such as certain varieties of nationalism, feminism, environmentalism, and anti-tax movements.
Vertex-critical graphs far from edge-criticality
Authors: Martinsson Anders , Steiner Raphael
Published: October 2024

Let
$r$
be any positive integer. We prove that for every sufficiently large
$k$
there exists a
$k$
-chromatic vertex-critical graph
$G$
such that
$\chi (G-R)=k$
for every set
$R \subseteq E(G)$
with
$|R|\le r$
. This partially solves a problem posed by Erdős in 1985, who asked whether the above statement holds for
$k \ge 4$
.
Metaphors to Train By
Authors: Staley Christopher J.
Published: October 2024

The closure of SITI Company as a producing organization has left the many artists SITI has impacted feeling stranded. Their practice of the Suzuki Method and the Viewpoints must now be self-initiated and self-regulated. In their calls-to-action to form new training circles, these artists reveal different ethics and values in the metaphors they use to describe the importance of the training in their lives. The community-building functions of the Suzuki Method and the Viewpoints are revealed in the “metaphors they stomp by.”
SITI Company
Authors: Herrington Joan
Published: October 2024

After 30 years of groundbreaking work, the SITI Company leaves behind a landscape changed by their presence. Their lasting legacy includes a challenge to how theatre is conceived and executed, a remarkable contribution to the way in which theatre artists hone their craft, and an infl uential example of how a theatre ensemble can thrive.
Barriers and facilitators for place of death: A scoping review
Authors: Pedersen Tina , Raunkiær Mette , Graven Vibeke
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Many factors influence where people die, but most people prefer to die at home. Investigating the factors affecting death at different locations can enhance end-of-life care and enable more people to die at their preferred place. The aim was to investigate barriers and facilitators affecting place of death and compare facilitators and barriers across different places of death.

Methods

A scoping review registered on Open Science Framework was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). An electronic search of literature was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL covering the years January 2013–December 2023. Studies were included if they described barriers and/or facilitators for place of death among adults.

Results

This review identified 517 studies, and 95 of these were included in the review. The review identified the following themes. Illness factors: disease type, dying trajectory, treatment, symptoms, and safe environment. Individual factors: sex, age, ethnicity, preferences, and for environmental factors the following were identified: healthcare inputs, education and employment, social support, economy, and place of residence.

Significance of results

The factors influencing place of death are complex and some have a cumulative impact affecting where people die. These factors are mostly rooted in structural aspects and make hospital death more likely for vulnerable groups, who are also less likely to receive palliative care and advanced care planning. Disease type and social support further impact the location of death. Future research is needed regarding vulnerable groups and their preferences for place of death.
Lunar Low‐Titanium Magmatism During Ancient Expansion Inferred From Ejecta Originating From Linear Gravity Anomalies
Authors: Nishiyama G. , Morota T. , Namiki N. , Inoue K. , Sugita S.
Published: October 2024

Linear gravity anomalies (LGAs) on the Moon have been interpreted as ancient magmatic intrusions formed during the lunar expansion. The composition of such ancient subsurface intrusions may offer hints for the lunar thermodynamic state in the initial stage of lunar history. To pose a first compositional constraint on magmatism related to lunar expansion, this study analyzed the spectrum and gravity around craters on LGAs, such as Rowland, Roche, and Edison craters. Using reflectance spectra around the craters, we first surveyed non‐mare basaltic exposures. To test the LGA excavation scenario as a possible origin of the discovered exposures, we then compared the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory data and post‐cratering gravity simulation with the iSALE shock physics code. Our spectral analysis reveals no basaltic exposure around the Rowland crater. Further, the observed termination of LGA at the crater rim contradicts the gravity simulation, which assumes that LGA predates the Rowland crater. These results suggest that LGA formation might postdate the Rowland formation and that lunar expansion lasted even after the Nectarian age. On the other hand, we found that both Roche and Edison craters possess basaltic exposures in their peripheries. Because the gravity reduction inside Roche crater can be reproduced in our simulation, the discovered basaltic exposures are possibly LGA materials ejected from these craters. The composition of those exposures shows that the LGA intrusions at the two locations are composed of low‐titanium magma, indicating that ancient magma during the expansion did not contain ilmenite‐rich melt, perhaps resulting from the low‐ilmenite content of the ancient upper mantle.
First Late Cambrian Paleomagnetic Results From the Oulongbuluke Terrane, Northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Paleogeography of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Cao Yong , Pei Junling , Sun Zhiming , Li Haibing , Xu Wei , Ye Xiaozhou , Zhang Lei
Published: October 2024

The Early Paleozoic paleolatitudinal position of the terranes in the northern Tibetan Plateau is the key to unraveling the evolution of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean. We present the first Late Cambrian paleomagnetic results from the Oulongbuluke terrane (OT), in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The mean paleomagnetic direction for 16 sites is Ds = 196.2°, Is = −36.9° with κs = 31.5, α95 = 6.7°, corresponding to a paleopole at 68.2°S/51.9°E with dp/dm = 4.6°/7.8°. Rock magnetic and petrologic analyses demonstrate the primary origin of the magnetic mineralogy. This paleomagnetic result defines the Late Cambrian paleolatitude of the OT as 20.6 ± 4.6°S (reference point: 37.2°N/96.6°E). Combined paleomagnetic and geological evidence suggests that the terranes in the northern Tibetan Plateau were located to the northwest of the Indian plate of Gondwana during the Late Cambrian.
Hydroacoustic Evidence for Offshore Lava Emplacement During the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption
Authors: Atkins C. , Costa O. , Caplan‐Auerbach J.
Published: October 2024

During the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, over half the erupted lava was deposited on the seafloor. Lava flows crossing the shoreline generated sounds that were recorded by a network of hydrophones. We show that short‐duration, broadband signals associated with lava‐water interactions occurred throughout the eruption but increased in number when the Ahalanui ocean entry initiated on July 11. These terminated in early August coincident with the eruption's end. We compare hydroacoustic data with transmission loss models and eruption photographs to show that coastal explosive activity was poorly recorded by the hydrophone network. Similarly, strong hydroacoustic signals did not correlate with observed activity. These results suggest that acoustic signals were generated by lava flowing up to 100 s of meters offshore. Offshore lava flows can be hazardous to boaters, but hydrophones provide a means by which these hazards can be detected.
Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere and Related Radial Currents
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D.
Published: October 2024

We combine magnetic data from the first 46 data‐taking periapsides of the polar orbiting Juno spacecraft spanning dawn to dusk via midnight to investigate azimuthal fields and related currents in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Data are binned by perpendicular radial distance ρ from the magnetic axis over 4–32 RJ along empirical poloidal model field lines spanning from tail to middle magnetosphere regions (ionospheric colatitudes θi ∼ 5°–17°), and by local time (LT). The data are well organized by these parameters. On southern tail field lines () the azimuthal field is well represented as the sum of sweepback fields falling as 1/ρ that are near‐independent of θi and LT, and a near‐constant field consistent with ∼3.5 nT pointing sunward. The combination is swept back at dawn/midnight but swept forward at dusk outside ∼5 RJ. Outer magnetosphere (θi ∼ 12°–15.5°) azimuthal fields are instead swept back near‐independent of LT, near‐continuous with the tail field in the dawn sector, but with large shear at the tail interface and across outer magnetosphere field lines in the dusk‐midnight sector. The tail region 1/ρ field is associated with a nightside inward polar axial current ∼5.8 MA located within θi ∼ 5° of the magnetic axis, while the dusk‐midnight field shear measured near the ∼30 RJ study boundary provides an inward current ∼15.4 MA, related to the near‐constant field. Azimuthal fields fall to small values across middle magnetosphere field lines (θi ∼ 15.5°–17°), associated with outward currents ∼21.2 MA per hemisphere near‐independent of LT forming the nightside equatorial current sheet, balancing these inward currents.
Supercooled Water Cloud Detection From Polarized Multi‐Angle Imager Data Using 1.37 μm Water Vapor Polarized Channel
Authors: Wang Haofei , Xu Na , Fougnie Bertrand , Zhang Peng , Bojkov Bojan , Gu Songyan , Shang Jian , Chen Lin , Hu Xiuqing , Li Zhengqiang
Published: October 2024

Detecting supercooled water clouds (SWCs) is essential for enhancing artificial rainfall, preventing aircraft ice accretion, and developing a better understanding of radiative energy balance. The 1.37 μm channel, known as strong water vapor absorbing, was made polarized in the polarized multi‐angle imager (PMAI) onboard FengYun‐3G satellite. The infight data shown that the new 1.37 μm polarized channel could be used to detect SWCs. The cloudbow is observed around the 140° scattering angle in the 1.37 μm polarization image, with a maximum polarization reflectance of approximately 0.04–0.06. The indicated water clouds with spherical particles in the high‐level altitude could be SWCs. Then, the SWCs detected by 1.37 μm polarized channel is verified using polarized reflectance of other channels, the reflectance difference of channels, and thermal infrared bright temperature. The presence of cloudbow in 1.03 and 1.64 μm channels indicate liquid water cloud. The reflectance difference between 1.03 and 1.64 μm of SWCs agree with characteristic of water cloud. The thermal infrared channels from the imager on the same platform indicate cold cloud with the brightness temperature far below 273.16 K. Therefore, the only use of 1.37 μm polarized channel could perform the identification of SWCs. PMAI provides a powerful tool for monitoring supercooled water clouds.
Light People: Prof. Daoxin Dai, Dr. Patrick Lo, and Prof. Yikai Su—innovators in silicon photonics
Authors: Wan Yating , Guo Chenzi
Published: October 2024

Editorial

In this edition of Light People, we are excited to feature Prof. Daoxin Dai (Zhejiang University), Prof. Yikai Su (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), and Dr. Patrick Lo (Advanced Micro Foundry Pte Ltd, Singapore), three prominent researchers shaping the future of silicon photonics. Their collaborative work addresses critical issues in silicon photonics, including reducing propagation losses, enlarging the functionalities and enhancing building blocks, integrating efficient laser sources, expanding applications, and pushing the boundaries of optical and electronic integration. Through this interview, we delve into their academic journeys, challenges, and future visions, offering insights into the ongoing evolution of silicon photonics and its potential to transform industries. For a deeper exploration of their experiences and advice, the full interview is available in the Supplementary material.
Human serum albumin: prediction model and reference values for preterm and term neonates
Authors: Vander Elst Zoë , Laenen Annouschka , Deberdt Jana , Delemarre Lotte , Vermeersch Pieter , Frans Glynis , Naulaers Gunnar , Gijsen Matthias , Dreesen Erwin , Spriet Isabel , Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne
Published: October 2024

Background

Human serum albumin (HSA) concentrations may alter HSA-bound drug distribution. This study aims to describe longitudinal real-world HSA trends, and to develop a prediction model for HSA concentrations using a large neonatal cohort.

Methods

Patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospitals Leuven (postnatal age (PNA) ≤28days) were retrospectively included. Using linear mixed models, covariate effects on HSA were explored. A multivariable prediction model was developed (backward model selection procedure, 1% significance level).

Results

In total, 848 neonates were included [median(interquartile range) gestational age (GA) 35(32–38)weeks, birth weight (BW) 2400(1640–3130)grams]. Median HSA concentration was 32.3(28.7–35.6)g/L. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated increasing HSA concentrations with PNA and GA for most GA groups. Univariable analyses revealed significant associations of HSA with PNA, GA, BW, current weight, total and direct bilirubin, total plasma proteins, respiratory support, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, ibuprofen use, and C-reactive protein (p-values < 0.05). A high-performance (R2 = 76.3%) multivariable HSA prediction model was developed, and PNA- and GA-dependent HSA centiles were provided.

Conclusion

Population-specific HSA centiles and an accurate neonatal HSA prediction model were developed, incorporating both maturational and non-maturational covariates. These results can enhance future clinical care and pharmacokinetic analyses to improve pharmacotherapy of HSA-bound drugs in neonates, respectively.

Impact

To improve future pharmacokinetic modeling initiatives, a high-performance human serum albumin (HSA) prediction model was developed for (pre)term neonates, using a large, single-center cohort of real-world data.

This prediction model integrates both maturational and non-maturational covariates, resulting in accurate HSA predictions in neonates.

Additionally, HSA centiles based on postnatal and gestational age were developed, which can be easily applied in clinical practice when interpreting HSA concentrations of neonates.

In general, unbound drug fractions are higher in neonates compared to older populations. To improve pharmacotherapy of HSA-bound drugs in neonates, the obtained results can be integrated in future pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses.
Multi-stage mechanisms of tumor metastasis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Chen Jingqi , Ren Yuqing , Liu Shutong , Ba Yuhao , Zuo Anning , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Xu Hui , Han Xinwei
Published: October 2024

The cascade of metastasis in tumor cells, exhibiting organ-specific tendencies, may occur at numerous phases of the disease and progress under intense evolutionary pressures. Organ-specific metastasis relies on the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), with diverse cell types and complex cell interactions contributing to this concept, adding a new dimension to the traditional metastasis cascade. Prior to metastatic dissemination, as orchestrators of PMN formation, primary tumor-derived extracellular vesicles prepare a fertile microenvironment for the settlement and colonization of circulating tumor cells at distant secondary sites, significantly impacting cancer progression and outcomes. Obviously, solely intervening in cancer metastatic sites passively after macrometastasis is often insufficient. Early prediction of metastasis and holistic, macro-level control represent the future directions in cancer therapy. This review emphasizes the dynamic and intricate systematic alterations that occur as cancer progresses, illustrates the immunological landscape of organ-specific PMN creation, and deepens understanding of treatment modalities pertinent to metastasis, thereby identifying some prognostic and predictive biomarkers favorable to early predict the occurrence of metastasis and design appropriate treatment combinations.
NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide mononucleotide potently improves mitochondria stress response in Alzheimer’s disease via ATF4-dependent mitochondrial UPR
Authors: Xiong Xi , Hou Jialong , Zheng Yi , Jiang Tao , Zhao Xuemiao , Cai Jinlai , Huang Jiani , He Haijun , Xu Jiaxue , Qian Shuangjie , Lu Yao , Wang XinShi , Wang Wenwen , Ye Qianqian , Zhou Shuoting , Lian Mengjia , Xiao Jian , Song Weihong , Xie Chenglong
Published: October 2024

Extensive studies indicate that mitochondria dysfunction is pivotal for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis; while cumulative evidence suggests that increased mitochondrial stress response (MSR) may mitigate neurodegeneration in AD, explorations to develop a MSR-targeted therapeutic strategy against AD are scarce. We combined cell biology, molecular biology, and pharmacological approaches to unravel a novel molecular pathway by which NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) regulates MSR in AD models. Here, we report dyshomeostasis plasma UPRmt-mitophagy-mediated MSR profiles in AD patient samples. NMN restores NAD+ metabolic profiles and improves MSR through the ATF4-dependent UPRmt pathway in AD-related cross-species models. At the organismal level, NAD+ repletion with NMN supplementation ameliorates mitochondrial proteotoxicity, decreases hippocampal synaptic disruption, decreases neuronal loss, and brain atrophy in mice model of AD. Remarkably, omics features of the hippocampus with NMN show that NMN leads to transcriptional changes of genes and proteins involved in MSR characteristics, principally within the astrocyte unit rather than microglia and oligodendrocytes. In brief, our work provides evidence that MSR has an active role in the pathogenesis of AD, as reducing mitochondrial homeostasis via atf4 depletion in AD mice aggravates the hallmarks of the disease; conversely, bolstering mitochondrial proteostasis by NMN decreases protein aggregation, restores memory performance, and delays disease progression, ultimately translating to increased healthspan.