bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pro-Regenerative Environment Triggers Premalignant to Malignant Transformation of Senescent Hepatocytes
Authors: Wuestefeld Anna , Iakovleva Viktoriia , Yap Shirlyn Xue Ling , Ong Agnes Bee Leng , Huang Daniel Q. , Shuen Timothy Wai Ho , Toh Han Chong , Dan Yock Young , Zender Lars , Wuestefeld Torsten
Published: February 2023

Unfortunately, available liver cancer treatments are associated with modest survival advantage. The biggest factor improving survival is early detection, but the current understanding of early transformation events is limited. Therefore, we set up a model to study these early events and investigated the relationship of premalignant, senescent hepatocytes, a regenerative environment, and the influence of secreted factors on liver tumorigenesis. Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) was triggered in a subset of mouse hepatocytes, which under normal conditions, are eliminated by immunosurveillance. Inducing liver damage and regeneration was sufficient to trigger immunosurveillance escape of OIS hepatocytes, resulting in premalignant to malignant transformation and hepatocellular tumor development. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was found to be overexpressed in OIS hepatocytes and in hepatocellular carcinoma. TFF3 deficiency strongly attenuated malignant transformation by increasing insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) expression, which consequently dampened IGF receptor signaling. Furthermore, analysis of precancerous liver tissue validated TFF3 as an early liver cancer biomarker. Altogether, these findings provide mechanistic insights into early transformation and immunosurveillance escape in liver cancer, revealing TFF3 and IGFBP5 to be important players with opposite roles in tumorigenesis.

Significance:

Liver damage induces a compensatory regenerative response that can drive premalignant to malignant transformation of senescent hepatocytes.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Metabolic Plasticity in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Buschhaus Johanna M. , Rajendran Shrila , Chen Siyi , Wharram Bryan L. , Bevoor Avinash S. , Cutter Alyssa C. , Humphries Brock A. , Robison Tanner H. , Farfel Alex P. , Luker Gary D.
Published: February 2023

Cancer cells reprogram energy metabolism through metabolic plasticity, adapting ATP-generating pathways in response to treatment or microenvironmental changes. Such adaptations enable cancer cells to resist standard therapy. We employed a coculture model of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to model interactions of cancer cells with stromal microenvironments. Using single-cell endogenous and engineered biosensors for cellular metabolism, coculture with MSCs increased oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular ATP, and resistance of cancer cells to standard therapies. Cocultured cancer cells had increased MCT4, a lactate transporter, and were sensitive to the MCT1/4 inhibitor syrosingopine. Combining syrosingopine with fulvestrant, a selective estrogen receptor degrading drug, overcame resistance of ER+ breast cancer cells in coculture with MSCs. Treatment with antiestrogenic therapy increased metabolic plasticity and maintained intracellular ATP levels, while MCT1/4 inhibition successfully limited metabolic transitions and decreased ATP levels. Furthermore, MCT1/4 inhibition decreased heterogenous metabolic treatment responses versus antiestrogenic therapy. These data establish MSCs as a mediator of cancer cell metabolic plasticity and suggest metabolic interventions as a promising strategy to treat ER+ breast cancer and overcome resistance to standard clinical therapies.

Implications:

This study reveals how MSCs reprogram metabolism of ER+ breast cancer cells and point to MCT4 as potential therapeutic target to overcome resistance to antiestrogen drugs.
Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Adams Clare M. , Mitra Ramkrishna , Xiao Youcai , Michener Peter , Palazzo Juan , Chao Allen , Gour Jitendra , Cassel Joel , Salvino Joseph M. , Eischen Christine M.
Published: February 2023

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) frequently inactivate p53, increasing their aggressiveness and therapy resistance. We identified an unexpected protein vulnerability in p53-inactivated TNBC and designed a new PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) to target it. Our PROTAC selectively targets MDM2 for proteasome-mediated degradation with high-affinity binding and VHL recruitment. MDM2 loss in p53 mutant/deleted TNBC cells in two-dimensional/three-dimensional culture and TNBC patient explants, including relapsed tumors, causes apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Our MDM2-PROTAC is stable in vivo, and treatment of TNBC xenograft-bearing mice demonstrates tumor on-target efficacy with no toxicity to normal cells, significantly extending survival. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of p53 family target genes. Investigations showed activation and a required role for TAp73 to mediate MDM2-PROTAC–induced apoptosis. Our data, challenging the current MDM2/p53 paradigm, show MDM2 is required for p53-inactivated TNBC cell survival, and PROTAC-targeted MDM2 degradation is an innovative potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC and superior to existing MDM2 inhibitors.

Significance:

p53-inactivated TNBC is an aggressive, therapy-resistant, and lethal breast cancer subtype. We designed a new compound targeting an unexpected vulnerability we identified in TNBC. Our MDM2-targeted degrader kills p53-inactivated TNBC cells, highlighting the requirement for MDM2 in TNBC cell survival and as a new therapeutic target for this disease.

See related commentary by Peuget and Selivanova, p. 1043.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027
Prophylactic Efficacy of Riluzole against Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors in Two Rodent Stress Models
Authors: Bansal Yashika , Fee Corey , Misquitta Keith A. , Codeluppi Sierra A. , Sibille Etienne , Berman Robert M. , Coric Vladimir , Sanacora Gerard , Banasr Mounira
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Chronic stress-related illnesses such as major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder share symptomatology, including anxiety, anhedonia, and helplessness. Across disorders, neurotoxic dysregulated glutamate (Glu) signaling may underlie symptom emergence. Current first-line antidepressant drugs, which do not directly target Glu signaling, fail to provide adequate benefit for many patients and are associated with high relapse rates. Riluzole modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by increasing metabolic cycling and modulating signal transduction. Clinical studies exploring riluzole’s efficacy in stress-related disorders have provided varied results. However, the utility of riluzole for treating specific symptom dimensions or as a prophylactic treatment has not been comprehensively assessed. Methods: We investigated whether chronic prophylactic riluzole (∼12–15 mg/kg/day p.o.) could prevent the emergence of behavioral deficits induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) in mice. We assessed (i) anxiety-like behavior using the elevated-plus maze, open-field test, and novelty-suppressed feeding, (ii) mixed anxiety/anhedonia-like behavior in the novelty-induced hypophagia test, and (iii) anhedonia-like behavior using the sucrose consumption test. Z-scoring summarized changes across tests measuring similar dimensions. In a separate learned helplessness (LH) cohort, we investigated whether chronic prophylactic riluzole treatment could block the development of helplessness-like behavior. Results: UCMS induced an elevation in anhedonia-like behavior and overall behavioral emotionality that was blocked by prophylactic riluzole. In the LH cohort, prophylactic riluzole blocked the development of helplessness-like behavior. Discussion/Conclusion: This study supports the utility of riluzole as a prophylactic medication for preventing anhedonia and helplessness symptoms associated with stress-related disorders.
Cross-Species Convergence of Brain Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Findings in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Núñez-Rios Diana Leandra , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Nagamatsu Sheila Tiemi , Krystal John H. , Martínez-González Karen G. , Giusti-Rodríguez Paola , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex multifactorial disorder influenced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Analyses of epigenomic and transcriptomic modifications may help to dissect the biological factors underlying the gene-environment interplay in PTSD. To date, most human PTSD epigenetics studies have used peripheral tissue, and these findings have complex and poorly understood relationships to brain alterations. Studies examining brain tissue may help characterize the brain-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of PTSD. In this review, we compiled and integrated brain-specific molecular findings of PTSD from humans and animals. Methods: A systematic literature search according to the PRISMA criteria was performed to identify transcriptomic and epigenomic studies of PTSD, focusing on brain tissue from human postmortem samples or animal-stress paradigms. Results: Gene- and pathway-level convergence analyses revealed PTSD-dysregulated genes and biological pathways across brain regions and species. A total of 243 genes converged across species, with 17 of them significantly enriched for PTSD. Chemical synaptic transmission and signaling by G-protein-coupled receptors were consistently enriched across omics and species. Discussion: Our findings point out dysregulated genes highly replicated across PTSD studies in humans and animal models and suggest a potential role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone/orexin pathway in PTSD’s pathophysiology. Further, we highlight current knowledge gaps and limitations and recommend future directions to address them.
Como as experiências europeia e estadunidense podem contribuir com o diálogo competitivo brasileiro?
Authors: Moreira Filho Getúlio Velasco
Published: February 2023

Na década de 1990, o Estado brasileiro transferiu atividades econômicas, até então sob a égide do setor público, para a iniciativa privada. Nesse contexto, surgem as agências reguladoras no Brasil. Nesse artigo, inicia-se com um breve histórico sobre a criação das agências reguladoras, com destaque para o modelo americano.  Segue-se com a abordagem acerca dos motivos que levaram à sua estruturação no Brasil para, então, analisar nuances da Lei Geral das Agências Reguladoras em âmbito federal, sempre sob a perspectiva da tutela dos direitos consumeristas. Trazem-se exemplos, como do setor de energia elétrica, para demonstrar que, mesmo em período pandêmico, a “manutenção do equilíbrio” das relações de consumo, quando o assunto é tarifário, pende para um único lado. Aborda-se o recente regramento do setor de saneamento, refletindo sobre a necessidade de expansão dos serviços, porém, sem que isso onere mais o consumidor. Enfim, procura-se analisar criteriosamente se a atividade regulatória do Estado tem espelhado os anseios da coletividade ou tem privilegiado setores econômicos e políticos. Pondera-se, por fim, ser fundamental a harmonização dos interesses e a observância dos ditames constitucionais acerca dos direitos dos consumidores para que o modelo regulatório brasileiro atenda os fins para os quais se destina.
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Using a Novel Variable-Loop Biphasic Pulsed Field Ablation Catheter Integrated With a 3-Dimensional Mapping System: 1-Year Outcomes of the Multicenter inspIRE Study
Authors: Duytschaever Mattias , De Potter Tom , Grimaldi Massimo , Anic Ante , Vijgen Johan , Neuzil Petr , Van Herendael Hugo , Verma Atul , Skanes Allan , Scherr Daniel , Pürerfellner Helmut , Rackauskas Gediminas , Jaïs Pierre , Reddy Vivek Y. , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi , Knecht Sebastien , Petru Jan , Kollias Georgios , Lukac Peter , Hansen Jim , Phlips Thomas
Published: February 2023

Background:

The inspIRE study (Study for Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation [PAF] by Pulsed Field Ablation [PFA] System With Irreversible Electroporation [IRE]) evaluated safety and effectiveness of a fully integrated biphasic pulsed field ablation (PFA) system with a variable-loop circular catheter for the treatment of drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

Subjects underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with the PFA system, using at least 12 applications per vein; adenosine/isoproterenol was administered to confirm entrance block. Wave I assessed initial safety, including for esophageal lesions, silent cerebral lesions, and PV stenosis. Wave II (pivotal phase) tested (1) primary safety, incidence of early-onset primary adverse events, and (2) primary effectiveness, confirmed PV isolation with freedom from documented atrial arrhythmia at 12 months. The study design specified an interim analysis to determine early success once 30 subjects reached the 12-month follow-up and all subjects reached 3-month follow-up.

Results:

Across 13 centers in Europe/Canada, 226 subjects were enrolled, met criteria for safety and effectiveness evaluations, and received PFA (Wave I, 40; Wave II, 186). Wave I demonstrated no esophageal thermal lesions or PV stenosis. Among 39 subjects with cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, silent cerebral lesions were detected in 4 of the first 6 subjects, after which workflow enhancements, including a 10-second pause between PFA applications, were implemented; subsequently, only 4 of 33 subjects had silent cerebral lesions. In the Wave II phase, no primary adverse events were reported. Upon declaring early success, 83 subjects reached 12-month follow-up. With 100% entrance block, PV isolation without acute reconnection was achieved in 97.1% of targeted veins. For Wave II, the primary effectiveness end point per Kaplan-Meier at the time of interim analysis was 70.9%; 12-month freedom from symptomatic atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia recurrence and repeat ablation was 78.9% and 92.3%, respectively. Total procedure and transpired PFA times were 70.1±27.7 and 26.7±14.0 minutes, respectively.

Conclusions:

The inspIRE trial confirmed the safety and effectiveness of the novel mapping-integrated PFA system.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; unique identifier: NCT04524364.
Myocardial Work in Echocardiography
Authors: Marzlin Nathan , Hays Allison G. , Peters Matthew , Kaminski Abigail , Roemer Sarah , O’Leary Patrick , Kroboth Stacie , Harland Daniel R. , Khandheria Bijoy K. , Tajik A. Jamil , Jain Renuka
Published: February 2023

Myocardial work is an emerging tool in echocardiography that incorporates left ventricular afterload into global longitudinal strain analysis. Myocardial work correlates with myocardial oxygen consumption, and work efficiency can also be assessed. Myocardial work has been evaluated in a variety of clinical conditions to assess the added value of myocardial work compared to left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain. This review showcases the current use of myocardial work in adult echocardiography and its possible role in cardiac pathologies.
GLP−1 Promotes Cortical and Medullary Perfusion in the Human Kidney and Maintains Renal Oxygenation During NaCl Loading
Authors: Haddock Bryan , Kristensen Kasper B. , Tayyab Mahvish , Larsson Henrik B. W. , Lindberg Ulrich , Vestergaard Mark , Francis Susan , Jensen Boye L. , Andersen Ulrik B. , Asmar Ali
Published: February 2023

Background

GLP‐1 (glucagon‐like peptide‐1) receptor agonists exert beneficial long‐term effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. In humans, the natriuretic effect of GLP‐1 depends on GLP‐1 receptor interaction, is accompanied by suppression of angiotensin II, and is independent of changes in renal plasma flow. In rodents, angiotensin II constricts vasa recta and lowers medullary perfusion. The current randomized, controlled, crossover study was designed to test the hypothesis that GLP‐1 increases renal medullary perfusion in healthy humans.

Methods and Results

Healthy male participants (n=10, aged 27±4 years) ingested a fixed sodium intake for 4 days and were examined twice during a 1‐hour infusion of either GLP‐1 (1.5 pmol/kg per minute) or placebo together with infusion of 0.9% NaCl (750 mL/h). Interleaved measurements of renal arterial blood flow, oxygenation (R
2
*), and perfusion were acquired in the renal cortex and medulla during infusions, using magnetic resonance imaging. GLP‐1 infusion increased medullary perfusion (32±7%,
P
<0.001) and cortical perfusion (13±4%,
P
<0.001) compared with placebo. Here, NaCl infusion decreased medullary perfusion (−5±2%,
P
=0.007), whereas cortical perfusion remained unchanged. R
2
* values increased by 3±2% (
P
=0.025) in the medulla and 4±1% (
P
=0.008) in the cortex during placebo, indicative of decreased oxygenation, but remained unchanged during GLP‐1. Blood flow in the renal artery was not altered significantly by either intervention.

Conclusions

GLP‐1 increases predominantly medullary but also cortical perfusion in the healthy human kidney and maintains renal oxygenation during NaCl loading. In perspective, suppression of angiotensin II by GLP‐1 may account for the increase in regional perfusion.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04337268.
Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Drivers of the Transition From PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension to Combined Pre−/PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Allen Betty J. , Frye Hailey , Ramanathan Rasika , Caggiano Laura R. , Tabima Diana M. , Chesler Naomi C. , Philip Jennifer L.
Published: February 2023

Combined pre−/postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc‐PH), a complication of left heart failure, is associated with higher mortality rates than isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension alone. Currently, knowledge gaps persist on the mechanisms responsible for the progression of isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Ipc‐PH) to Cpc‐PH. Here, we review the biomechanical and mechanobiological impact of left heart failure on pulmonary circulation, including mechanotransduction of these pathological forces, which lead to altered biological signaling and detrimental remodeling, driving the progression to Cpc‐PH. We focus on pathologically increased cyclic stretch and decreased wall shear stress; mechanotransduction by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pulmonary arterial fibroblasts; and signaling‐stimulated remodeling of the pulmonary veins, capillaries, and arteries that propel the transition from Ipc‐PH to Cpc‐PH. Identifying biomechanical and mechanobiological mechanisms of Cpc‐PH progression may highlight potential pharmacologic avenues to prevent right heart failure and subsequent mortality.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Cilostazol for Secondary Prevention in Lacunar Stroke: Subanalysis of the CSPS.com Trial
Authors: Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kimura Kazumi , Otsuka Toshiaki , Toyoda Kazunori , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Hoshino Haruhiko , Sakai Nobuyuki , Okada Yasushi , Origasa Hideki , Naritomi Hiroaki , Houkin Kiyohiro , Yamaguchi Keiji , Minematsu Kazuo , Matsumoto Masayasu , Tominaga Teiji , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Terayama Yasuo , Yasuda Satoshi , Yamaguchi Takenori ,   for the CSPS.com Trial Investigators
Published: February 2023

Background:

The effectiveness of long-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to prevent recurrent strokes in patients with lacunar stroke remains unclarified. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and to elucidate the safety and effectiveness of DAPT and single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) in preventing recurrence in chronic lacunar stroke.

Methods:

CSPS.com (Cilostazol Stroke Prevention Study for Antiplatelet Combination) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. In this prespecified subanalysis, 925 patients (mean age, 69.5 years; 69.4% men) with lacunar stroke were selected from 1884 patients with high-risk noncardioembolic stroke, enrolled in the CSPS.com trial after 8 to 180 days following stroke. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SAPT or DAPT using cilostazol and were followed for 0.5 to 3.5 years. The primary efficacy outcome was the first recurrence of ischemic stroke. The safety outcomes were severe or life-threatening bleeding.

Results:

The DAPT group receiving cilostazol and either aspirin or clopidogrel and SAPT group receiving aspirin or clopidogrel alone comprised 464 (50.2%) and 461 (49.8%) patients, respectively. Ischemic stroke occurred in 12 of 464 patients (1.84 per 100 patient-years) in the DAPT group and 31 of 461 patients (4.42 per 100 patient-years) in the SAPT group, during follow-up. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, ischemic stroke risk was significantly lower in the DAPT group than in the SAPT group (hazard ratio, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.22–0.84]). The rate of severe or life-threatening hemorrhage did not differ significantly between the groups (2 patients [0.31 per 100 patient-years] versus 6 patients [0.86 per 100 patient-years] in the DAPT and SAPT groups, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.07–1.81]).

Conclusions:

In patients with lacunar stroke, DAPT using cilostazol had significant benefits in reducing recurrent ischemic stroke incidence compared with SAPT without increasing the risk of severe or life-threatening bleeding.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01995370. URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
; Unique identifier: UMIN000012180.
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITY REGULATION FUNCTIONS IN 6–9 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Korneev Alexey A. , Bukinich Alexey M. , Matveeva Ekaterina Yu. , Akhutina Tatiana V.
Published: February 2023

Relevance. In the study, we discuss the neuropsychological measures and relationship of two important groups of cognitive functions, namely, executive functions and functions of activation regulation. Th e study of the structure of these functions and the possibility of assessing their state in children of preschool and primary school age by methods of neuropsychological diagnostics and computerized testing are important from two points of view. First, it is an important issue in neuropsychological practice. Second, it is one of the ways to better understand cognitive development at this age. Objectives. Development and estimation of factor models that establish the relationship between the results of neuropsychological diagnostics of various groups of cognitive functions associated with executive functions and regulation of activation. Methods.434 children from 6 to 9 years old (from senior preschoolers to third graders) participated in the study. All children underwent neuropsychological examination adapted for children of 6–9 years, and they also performed tests from a computerized neuropsychological examination battery for children of 6–9 years. Th e results were used to conduct a confi rmatory factor analysis. Results and conclusions. We proposed models that include three factors. Th e fi rst factor corresponds to executive functions and two others relate to the regulation of activation. According to our model, the functions of activation can be divided into two factors: a factor of hyperactivity/impulsivity and a factor of fatigue/sluggishness. Model fi t indices showed good agreement with empirical data. Th e combined use of indicators of both traditional and computer neuropsychological examination makes the estimations of the model better. Th us, in the study we revealed parameters of the performance on the neuropsychological tests that can be used as indicators of the state of executive functions and functions of activation regulation. Th e weakness in one of the components of activity regulation can lead to specifi c patterns of behavior which are manifested in the neuropsychological examination. A more serious and extensive defi cit of one of the functions can lead to the appearance either of attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder or of sluggish cognitive tempo.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABILITY AMONG EMPLOYEES OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA
Authors: Savinkov Stanislav N. , Koval Nina A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. During the period of modern socio-economic reform, the requirements for the professional qualities of employees in all spheres of life are increasing. In this context, the professional qualities of specialists in extreme professions attract the attention of researchers in order to fi nd answers to the indemand requests coming from both practitioners and society (M.Sh. MagomedEminov, V.D. Nebylitsyn, V.V. Rybnikov, Yu.S. Shoigu, etc.). Th e study of the development of reliability as a personal and professional quality of employees at the Russian Emergencies Ministry remains a little-studied and urgent issue for psychological science. Th e goal is to identify psychological determinants that contribute to/hinder the development of reliability of employees at the Russian Emergencies Ministry in the course of their professional activities. Methods and sample. Th e sample consisted of 156 people (men, aged 20 to 45 years, active employees of fi re and rescue units of the EMERCOM of Russia, in Moscow).Research methods included expert assessments, a Mini-cartoon test, a 16-factor personality questionnaire by R. Kettell, Leary’s Interpersonal Behavior Circle, a “Trust-distrust” technique (A.B. Kupreichenko), a “Subjective assessment of interpersonal relations” technique (S.V. Dukhnovsky). Results and conclusions. Psychological determinants that contribute to/ hinder the development of reliability of employees of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia, as well as personal characteristics of employees that negatively affect the content and mechanisms of reliability development were identifi ed. As a result of the conducted research, we can draw a general conclusion that the socio-psychological training resulted in forming personal self-regulation skills in extreme conditions, ensuring psychological stability, stimulating activity, developing communication skills, team building, updating the resource potential of the individual, expanding models of constructive interaction. Th e development of motivation, goals, values of professional activity succeeded, as evidenced by qualitative, quantitative and statistical results.
ANALYSIS OF THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE AND LABOR INTERESTS OF MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES IN REMOTE WORK
Authors: Lobanova Tatiana N.
Published: February 2023

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the information society in the early 20s of the 21st century faced a new phenomenon of the social and labor environment — the ability to work outside offi ces, outside workplaces and posts. Th e psychology of such work has not yet been studied far enough, there is not enough data on its eff ectiveness, productivity, and most importantly, on the motivation of workers for whom such work has become possible and accessible. Objective is analyzing the motivational structure, as well as highlighting the content haracteristics of the labor interests of both employees and managers working remotely (online) Methods. Cluster analysis of structured interviews with employees and managers, F. Herzberg’s methodology «Monitoring of labor motives», K. Zamfi r’s test for determining the motivational complex of employees and the author’s methodology «Labor interests of employees» were used as methodological tools. Sample. Th e study sample consisted of 134 people working remotely in an online education company in diff erent departments and in diff erent positions (30% — managers, 70% — specialists).
: Emoji and Religion in the Twitter Discourses on the Notre Dame Cathedral Fire
Authors: Elwert Frederik , Evolvi Giulia , Neumaier Anna , de Wildt Kim
Published: February 2023

The fire that destroyed a large part of the world-famous Notre Dame Cathedral in France in April 2019 shocked the world. A lively expression of thoughts and feelings during and after the fire arose on Twitter. In this article, we will analyze the discourses about the Notre Dame fire on Twitter, with a specific focus on emoji, focusing on the thoughts and feelings emoji express and how they convey the meanings religious buildings have for people. Based on a dataset of almost 2 million tweets collected in the week following the incident, this paper leverages a variety of computational and qualitative methods to explore the topic from different angles. Temporal analysis and topic modelling show the dynamics of emoji usage, which drastically changes after a few days from expressing sorrow to expressing skepticism. Semantic analysis using the word2vec model reveals the implicit meaning of potentially ambiguous emoji characters.
Investigation of Factors Influencing Sleep Status in Beijing Children Aged 3 to 14 Years
Authors: Li Hongbin , Li Zhuo , Zhao Jing , Wang Guixiang , Wang Hua , Zhang Jie , Ni Xin
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To investigate the current status of children’s sleep in Beijing and analyze the factors that influence it.

Materials and Methods:

Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 11 420 children aged 3 to 14 years in 7 districts of Beijing were included in this study. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to investigate and analyze various factors influencing sleep.

Results:

The mean PSQ score of the children surveyed was 3.60 ± 2.69 points. The proportion of children with a score above 7 was 8.87%. Multi-level model analysis showed that the younger children had higher PSQ scores than older and that the boys had higher PSQ scores than the girls.

Conclusions:

The sleep quality of children in Beijing is not optimistic. The PSQ score of preschool children is higher than school age children. It is recommended that parents pay attention to their children’s sleep status and try to remove influencing factors.
The Rise of the School District Chief Equity Officer: Moving Beyond Mimetic Isomorphism and Promoting Anti-Racist Systemic Change
Authors: Lewis Maria M. , Modeste Marsha E. , Johnson Royel M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: A growing number of school districts have recently added a position to the superintendent's cabinet, often titled chief equity officer. While the chief equity officer position is still in its early stages, we have an opportunity to examine insights from this work in the higher education context—both to support the adoption and implementation of the position, and the change work the chief equity officer will lead throughout the organization. The following conceptual question guides our analytical review: How can the role of chief equity officer be meaningfully and thoughtfully adapted for K-12 schools and districts in a critical anti-racist manner? Moverover, how might insights from higher education and scholarly knowledge on the nature of educational institutions, change within organizations, leadership practice, and learning inform the development of this role? Proposed Conceptual Argument: While the chief equity officer position was initially developed in response to historic and systemic inequities, over time, as this position becomes standardized through a process scholars call mimetic isomorphism, it runs the risk of becoming symbolic, only serving to signal an organization's commitment to equity-oriented work without meaningfully attending to its structures for learning, policies, or practices. Implications: Chief equity officers have a formal role within the district; however, their work requires an organizational commitment, from educators and educational leaders, for anti-racist systemic change. Structural, financial, and personnel-oriented supports are critical. Training programs for educators and leaders should thoughtfully prepare future chief equity officers, and continue to extend existing efforts to prepare anti-racist, equity-oriented principals, superintendents, teachers, and other educational leaders.
Determinants of depression and anxiety in homeless people: A population survey of homeless people in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Siu-Ming , Wong Hung , Chen Yikang , Tang Mun-Yu Vera
Published: February 2023

Background:

There are growing concerns about the homeless and mental health issues globally. This study aims to examine the mental health situation of homelessness and the determinants of anxiety and depression of them in Hong Kong.

Method:

The data from the largest territory-wide study of the homeless population in 2021 was analyzed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to investigate the association between mental health and socioeconomic variables, including demographic background, economic indicators, COVID-19 worries, government measures, and respect by others. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

Results:

The results showed that being female, food insecurity, and chronic diseases were the risk factors for anxiety and depression. A high level of respect by others was the protective factor for depression (adjusted OR 0.37, 95% CI [0.23, 0.61]) and anxiety (adjusted OR 0.40, 95% CI [0.24, 0.68]), compared to a low level of respect in the multivariate model.

Conclusions:

Providing medical outreach services, additional resources for social services, implementation of homeless-friendly policies, and a progressive supply of public and transitional housing would help enhance the well-being of the homeless population
A prospective investigation of protective factors for moral injury and psychiatric symptomatology among Israeli combatants: A Latent Class Analysis approach
Authors: Zerach Gadi , Ben-Yehuda Ariel , Levi-Belz Yossi
Published: February 2023

Background:

In this prospective study, we examined pre-enlistment characteristics and pre-deployment protective factors of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) among Israeli active-duty combatants, as well as psychiatric symptomatology outcomes of exposure.

Methods:

A sample of 335 active-duty Israeli combatants participated in a 2.5-year prospective study with three waves of measurements (T1: 12 months before enlistment, T2: 6 months following enlistment- pre deployment, and T3: 18 months following enlistment- post deployment). Participants’ characteristics were assessed via semi-structured interviews (T1) and validated self-report measures (T2-T3) between 2019 and 2021.

Results:

Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify three classes characterized by unique patterns of exposure to PMIEs (T2): Minimal Exposure (56.6%), Betrayal-Only (25.5%), and High Exposure (17.8%). Higher levels of pre-deployment psychological flexibility (T1) were associated with higher odds for inclusion in the high exposure class (T2). As compared to the minimal exposure class, both high exposure and betrayal-only classes were associated with higher levels of mental health symptoms and MI-related psychological outcomes (T2).

Conclusions:

This is the first prospective study of antecedents and outcomes of exposure to PMIEs among active-duty combatants. Clinicians treating combatants should be aware of the different types of exposure to PMIEs and their possible psychiatric outcomes.
Does Bad Medical News Reduce Preferences for Generic Drugs?
Authors: Hermosilla Manuel , Ching Andrew T.
Published: February 2023

Policy makers and insurers promote the use of generic drugs because they can deliver large savings without sacrificing quality. But these efforts meet resistance from the public, who perceive generic drugs as inferior substitutes for brand name counterparts. Building on literature showing that negative emotions reduce risk-taking, the authors hypothesize that receiving bad medical news (i.e., negative information about one’s health) prompts patients to favor brand name over generic drugs as means to safeguard their health. The evidence exploits low-density lipoprotein cholesterol test results, where a discontinuity from clinical guidelines enables the authors to estimate the causal effect of bad medical news. Using data covering patients’ prescription drug choices across drug classes, the authors find that patients receiving bad medical news become 8% more likely to choose the brand name alternative. The findings are reinforced by a secondary analysis incorporating the similar context of hemoglobin A1c (blood sugar) testing. The authors also find that bad medical news reduces preferences for generics most strongly among drugs of direct clinical relevance for each test, but the effect also manifests among non–clinically relevant drugs.
Scoring the Culture of Care as a key performance indicator in a global pharmaceutical company
Authors: Turkménian Océane , Rocua Aurore , Decelle Thierry
Published: February 2023

Culture of Care has been an integral part of Sanofi’s policy on animal protection for more than 15 years. Culture of Care goes beyond compliance with regulations and standards, since it relates to the attitudes of staff and to caring for research animals, as well as to the company’s commitment to an active animal protection policy. However, the concept of Culture of Care remains subjective. Via two anonymous and voluntary surveys conducted in 2018 and 2021, it was possible to understand the level of staff engagement and the perception of company efficiency. Based on key questions, it was possible to assess individual engagement (animal welfare knowledge, pride, engagement, recognition) and company commitments (oversight body efficiency, level of transparency, Sanofi policy on animal protection). The institutional scores were 7.7/10 and 7.9/10 obtained in 2018 and in 2021, respectively. The individual score obtained for 2018 was 6.7/10 compared to 6.9/10 obtained in 2021. The combination of these two criteria helps to determine a Culture of Care score and thus make it a performance indicator. The scores are CoC2018 (7.7; 6.7) and CoC2021 (7.9; 6.9). Being able to quantify this level of engagement and the perception that employees have of the company encourages the organisation of an improvement programme and helps measure the benefits.
An Audience Facilitates Facial Feedback: A Social-Context Hypothesis Reconciling Original Study and Nonreplication
Authors: Phaf R. Hans , Rotteveel Mark
Published: February 2023

Nonreplications of previously undisputed phenomena tend to leave a theoretical vacuum. This theoretical perspective seeks to fill the gap left by the failure to replicate unobtrusive facial feedback. In the emblematic original study, participants who held a pen between the teeth (i.e., requiring activity of the zygomaticus major muscle) rated cartoons more positively than participants who held the pen between the lips. We argue that the same social mechanisms (e.g., the presence of an audience) modulate facial feedback to emotion as are involved in the feed-forward shaping of facial actions by emotions. Differing social contexts could thus help explain the contrast between original findings and failures to obtain unobtrusive facial feedback. An exploratory analysis that included results only from (unobtrusive) facial-feedback studies without explicit reference to emotion in the facial manipulation provided preliminary support for this hypothesis. Studies with a social context (e.g., due to experimenter presence) showed a medium-sized aggregate facial-feedback effect, whereas studies without a social context (e.g., when facial actions were only filmed), revealed a small effect. Video awareness strengthened facial feedback considerably within an engaging social context, but seemed to reduce it without a social context. We provisionally conclude that a (pro-)social interpretation of facial actions facilitates feedback to (primarily positive) emotion, and suggest further research explicitly manipulating this context.
A Way Forward With Multicultural Considerations, Advocacy, and Accessibility Across the 2023 Revised Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselor Educators and Practitioners
Authors: Henry Jessica S. , Kulesza Eric T. , Williams Awodeha Natalie F. , Hicks Simone B. , Middleton Renée A. , Robinson Mona
Published: February 2023

While the 2017 version of the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) Code of Ethics engrained diversity considerations across the 12 main sections of professional practice, more explicit ethical expectations related to multicultural competence are needed to govern the future of rehabilitation counseling practice. The 2023 revised CRCC Code of Ethics will include a newly added unit labeled, Section D: Multicultural Considerations, which seeks to reduce bias, minimize discrimination, and prevent harm in practice. This section infuses cultural competencies introduced to the profession and tenets of advocacy as more than just aspirational directives but also as enforceable tenets of conduct. This article provides an overview of the changes made to Section C: Advocacy and Accessibility and explains the significance of Section D across the principles that instruct professional behavior. The authors will describe best practices for operationalizing the ethics code to ensure that services are comprehensive, equitable, and inclusive. Finally, we will present strategies for becoming a culturally competent and ethically conscientious Rehabilitation Counselor.
What drives horizontal logistics collaboration? A grounded theory analysis of Chinese logistics service providers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Sun Zhizhong , Zhang Wei , Li Xin , Hu Juan
Published: February 2023

Horizontal logistics collaboration is characterized by the highly professional cooperation of logistics service providers at the same level of the supply chain, which is an effective way to optimize the development and sustainability of modern logistics. Conducting a coding analysis of data from 41 in-depth interviews, this study constructs a theoretical framework of the driving force of horizontal logistics collaboration among Chinese logistics service providers to synchronously improve service, market, efficiency, and emergency competitiveness through cooperation with peer competitors to enhance sustainable comprehensive competitiveness. The four driving forces encourage logistics service providers to adjust their thoughts in the planning stage, change their behavior in the implementation stage, and transform their strategy in the evaluation stage. The results also indicate differences between China and other countries in the driving force, effective utilization of logistics workers, cross-institutional collaboration of state-owned enterprises, and integration of artificial intelligence technology. Finally, we propose relevant recommendations for managers.
Reverse logistics planning research of building waste from perspective of closed supply chain in urban sustainable environment governance
Authors: Xiaoping Bai , Meiyan Hu
Published: February 2023

The resource utilization of building waste in urban sustainable environment governance is significant, in view of the status of construction waste recycling; this article built a reverse logistics planning model in urban building waste from the perspective of a closed supply chain by means of a hybrid nonlinear programming model. Combining the simulated annealing algorithm with memory function and the genetic algorithm with global convergence performance, a new genetic simulated annealing algorithm is presented to optimize the model. The empirical study was then made for the system to verify the feasibility of the model. The proposed new planning method and its detailed steps can provide a meaningful reference value for resource utilization of building waste in urban sustainable environment governance.
Predicting Loyalty: Examining the Role of Social Identity and Leadership in an Extreme Operational Environment—A Swedish Case
Authors: Engelkes Torbjörn , Sverke Magnus , Lindholm Torun
Published: February 2023

Military organizations often emphasize the importance of loyalty. It has been suggested that loyalty enhances motivation to take great risks and strive to accomplish a mission. However, research into what influences loyalty among military personnel is scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine how leadership and social identity fusion relate to loyalty, using data from a sample consisting of a Swedish military unit on a United Nation mission ( N = 152) in Mali. Hierarchical multiple regression results generally showed that social identity fusion and leadership were positively related to a willingness to show loyalty to the closest workgroup, one’s own unit, and the mission. The findings indicate that leadership and high levels of social identity fusion may influence the willingness to be loyal to organizational goals. The practical implication of this study is increased knowledge about the importance of leadership and social identity in developing relevant loyalties.
Implementation of a conversational virtual assistant for open government data portal: Effects on citizens
Authors: Wang Di , Richards Deborah , Bilgin Ayse Aysin , Chen Chuanfu
Published: February 2023

Insufficient support services are one of the barriers for citizen’s open government data (OGD) utilisation. Considering the strengths and effectiveness of virtual assistants (VAs) in providing instant and user-friendly support services, this study focuses primarily on its implementation for OGD portals. A conversational VA prototype is specifically developed. A between-subjects experiment with one factor (VA/text-based support services) was carried out. Results show citizens’ positive attitudes towards VAs providing support services on OGD portals. No significant difference was found for citizens’ acceptance, trustworthiness and rapport for OGD portals with and without a VA. Accuracy rate of completing tasks with VAs is slightly higher. A correlation lies between trustworthiness and rapport with OGD portals. This study benefits the improvement of OGD portals’ online services to enhance citizens’ experiences and provides a research model both for investigating VAs’ effects and for comparing different designs of a same kind of service for an interface.
Divorce Narratives and Class Inequalities in Indonesia
Authors: Rinaldo Rachel , Nisa Eva F. , Nurmila Nina
Published: February 2023

In the past 20 years, divorce has increased in Indonesia. Indonesian statistics show that divorces initiated by women exceed those by men. One issue that is often neglected is how socioeconomic differences also play a role in this matter. Drawing on our collaborative research on Muslim divorces in Indonesia, this paper focuses on the interplay between divorce strategies and socioeconomic differences among Muslim couples. Our in-depth interviews with 93 Muslim men and women and 19 judges from Islamic courts show that class differences shape distinctive dynamics of divorce among Muslim Indonesians. Couples from less educated, lower-income backgrounds accept marriage dissolution more easily, with women becoming much less tolerant of men’s behaviors such as infliction of domestic violence, infidelity, and failure to provide financial support. Educated, middle-class urban couples divorce for similar reasons but tend to experience a lengthier process accompanied by complex layers of conflict. Many educated women’s narratives emphasize their ability to support themselves through working, and a desire to be free of a bad marriage at any cost. Class and education thus contribute to significant differences in the experience and trajectories of divorce in Indonesia.