bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIM – höhere Oberflächengüte bei geringeren Rohstoffkosten/Improved titanium-based injection molded parts through post-processing to reduce O2 content. MIM – higher surface quality with lower raw material costs
Authors: Trapp Johannes , Franke-Jurisch Marie , Geisenhainer Peer , Gerdts Florian
Published: February 2022

In diesem Beitrag wird ein innovatives Verfahren für die Verbesserung des Metallpulverspritzgusses (MIM, Metal Injection Molding) vorgestellt. Die Bauteile werden einem am Fraunhofer IFAM in Zusammenarbeit mit der MUT Advanced Heating GmbH weiterentwickelten elektrochemischen Reduktionsverfahren unterzogen. Infolgedessen konnten feinere Ausgangspulver mit erhöhtem Sauerstoffgehalt eingesetzt werden. Gleichzeitig war es der Firma Element 22 möglich, die Entwicklung des MIM-Feedstocks auf die Bauteilqualität und Verarbeitbarkeit zu optimieren, ohne einen möglichen Sauerstoffeintrag aus dem Prozess berücksichtigen zu müssen. Das Ergebnis sind Titanbauteile höchster Oberflächengüte innerhalb der geforderten Norm.

 

The content of the paper is an innovative process for improving metal injection molding (MIM). The components are subjected to an electrochemical reduction process further developed at Fraunhofer IFAM together with MUT Advanced Heating GmbH, which has enabled finer starting powders with increased oxygen content to be used. At the same time, Element 22 was able to optimize the development of the MIM feedstock for component quality and processability without having to consider a possible oxygen input from the process. The result is titanium components of the highest surface quality within the required standard.
Methoden zur defektfreien Zerspanung von Silizium/New research approach through adapted tool paths – Methods for flawless machining of silicon
Authors: Kroh Niklas , Borngräber Jürgen , Sammler Fiona
Published: February 2022

Silizium gilt als ausgesprochen spröder, harter und mechanisch schwer zu bearbeitender Werkstoff. Jedoch besitzt es bisher wenig erforschte Eigenschaften, die nur unter hohen Drücken wirken und die spanende Bearbeitung erheblich vereinfachen können. Durch Anpassung der Schnittparameter und Werkzeugbahnen an dieses Merkmal werden die Kristallebenen des Siliziums plastisch/duktil getrennt anstatt zu brechen und es entstehen nahezu defektfreie Oberflächen. Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Forschungsarbeiten werden die Prozessparameter zur Erreichung der duktilen Bearbeitung von Silizium im Fräsprozess erforscht und die Nutzung des trochoidalen Fräsens untersucht.

 

The material silicon is known as brittle, hard and difficult to machine. Nevertheless, it also exhibits unique properties that only appear under high pressure and which can simplify mechanical machining. By adjusting cutting parameters and tool paths to these properties, the crystal planes of the silicon are separated in a ductile/plastic mode instead of fracturing, which can allow surfaces with extremely high surface quality to be generated by machining. In the research presented here, process parameters for ductile machining were anaylsed and the use of trochoidal milling tested for this application.
Einsatzpotenzial von MMS in der Holzbearbeitung/Influence of minimum quantity lubrication on surface quality during circular sawing of wood
Authors: Güzel Kamil , Jaquemod André , Stehle Thomas , Möhring Hans-Christian
Published: February 2022

Den Herausforderungen des Klimawandels und der Ressourcenverknappung wird zunehmend mit der Entwicklung nachhaltiger Gebäude und Wohnsiedlungen begegnet. Dabei gewinnt der Holzbau als Bestandteil politischer Strategien und Maßnahmen an Bedeutung. Im Rahmen eines Förderprojektes zur Herstellung und Fügung mehrgeschossiger Außenwandkonstruktionen aus geschlitzten Kantvollhölzern werden Entwicklungs- und Optimierungspotenziale in der zerspanenden Fertigung der Vorfabrikation erarbeitet. Der Beitrag beschreibt den möglichen Einsatz der Minimalmengenschmierung beim Kreissägen von Holz.

 

More and more challenges of climate change and resource scarcity are tackled by developing sustainable buildings and housing estates. Timber construction is steadily gaining importance as part of political strategies and measures. A funding project explores the potential for developing and optimizing the manufacturing and jointing of multi-storey exterior wall constructions made of slotted edge-joined solid wood within the context of machining production in prefabrication. For this purpose, the use of minimum quantity lubrication in the circular sawing of wood is being investigated.
Comment on the paper "Pseudoleucite from the Gardar of South Greenland"
by Stephen P. Hesselbo
Authors: Brooks C. K , Gittins J
Published: February 2022

This paper (Hesselbo, 1986) reports the first oc­currence of pseudoleucite in the Precambrian Gardar province of East Greenland. In summa­rizing previous work on the "pseudoleucite prob­lem" the author states that there is a "lack of proper descriptions of pseudoleucite intergrowth textures" and that "photomicrographs of unal­tered intergrowths of nepheline and K-feldspar illustrated by Fudali (1963, p. 1102) are the only ones published"....
Note on the magnetostratigraphy of the Cretaceous deposits of SW Bornholm, Denmark
Authors: Hansen H. J. , Rasmussen L.
Published: February 2022

Paleomagnetic investigations have been carried out on Arnager Greensand, Arnager Limestone, and Greensand.
The Arnager Greensand was found to belong to a magnetically normal period. The overlying Arnager Limestone was likewise found to belong to a normal period.
The Bavnodde Greensand was found to be normal except for the very youngest level exposed, which was found to belong to a reversed interval.
In view of the suggested biostratigraphical age of the Bavnodde Greensand (lower part of the Santo­nian) we interpret the reversed sediments as belonging eithet to magnetochrone 33 reversed or to a magnetic excursison.
Masa en tránsito en el ventrículo derecho: ¿tumor vs trombo?
Authors: Cáceres-Acosta Manuel Felipe , Quintero-Yepes Viviana , Arroyave-Carvajal Jorge Alejandro , Madrid-Muñoz Camilo , Abad-Díaz Pedro
Published: February 2022

Las imágenes ecodensas en el VD tienen un amplio espectro de diagnósticos, los principales son tumores o trombos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 31 años en la que se diagnostica de forma incidental una masa ecodensa en tránsito en VD sugestiva de trombo. Se ampliaron estudios descartando enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. La resonancia cardíaca confirmó el diagnóstico ecocardiográfico, fue llevada a resección quirúrgica evidenciando trombo antiguo más nuevo y recibió anticoagulación oral indefinida. Este caso muestra como la imagen multimodal permite valorar de forma precisa las masas del VD. El trombo en el VD obliga al clínico descartar enfermedades asociadas.
Trombo recurrente sobre dispositivo de cierre percutáneo de orejuela izquierda: una situación difícil de manejar
Authors: Zulet Fraile Pablo , Marcos Alberca Pedro , Gómez de Diego José Juan
Published: February 2022

El cierre percutáneo de orejuela izquierda ofrece una alternativa a la anticoagulación en determinados pacientes con fibrilación auricular, cuyo uso se ha expandido en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la trombosis relacionada con el dispositivo supone una complicación de la intervención, que se ha estimado en un 3 a 4% de los casos según los registros publicados. Describimos el caso de una paciente de 85 años con historia de síndrome mielodisplásico que presenta trombosis recurrente sobre dispositivo WatchmanTM.
Cardiorresonancia magnética-4DFlow y comunicación interauricular tipo ostium secundum: Destinados a encontrarse.
Authors: Urmeneta Ulloa Javier , Cabrera José Ángel , Álvarez Vázquez Ana , Molina Borao Isabel , Martínez de Vega Vicente
Published: February 2022

La cardiorresonancia magnética-4DFlow es una técnica relativamente novedosa que permite la evaluación de flujos en las tres dimensiones del espacio más una cuarta representada por el tiempo a lo largo del ciclo cardíaco. La comunicación interauricular (CIA) tipo ostium secundum (OS) es el defecto interauricular de origen congénito más frecuente. Se presentan los estudios de cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de CIA-OS valorados con cardiorresonancia-4DFlow en nuestro centro, poniendo de manifiesto la enorme utilidad cuali-cuantitativa de la técnica en esta patología congénita
Reparo mitral en paciente con endocarditis previa
Authors: Iglesias Iván , Cabrera Schulmeyer María Carolina
Published: February 2022

En un paciente con endocarditis previa, planeado para cirugía mínima invasiva de la válvula mitral, la ecocardiografía transesofágica intraoperatoria ayudó a confirmar la patología diagnosticada y aportó nuevos hallazgos que ayudaron a un mejor resultado quirúrgico.
Sarcoidosis cardíaca: Una causa infrecuente de arritmias ventriculares malignas
Authors: Gómez de Diego José Juan , Ortiz Lozada Ricardo Yannick , Sánchez Ramírez Carlos Jerjés , Carreras Delgado José Luis , García de Castro Ana Bustos
Published: February 2022

La causa más frecuente en nuestro medio de taquicardia ventricular es, con mucha diferencia, la cardiopatía isquémica crónica. Sin embargo, también existe un grupo menos infrecuente y más heterogéneo de otras causas que hay que tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial. Una de las más típicas es la sarcoidosis. Presentamos un caso clínico de sarcoidosis cardíaca que es un buen ejemplo del patrón típico de la enfermedad en las pruebas de imagen.
Catalogue of the genus Givarbela Clench, 1957 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Hypoptinae) with description of one new species from Paraguay
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V. , Naydenov Artem E. , Penco Fernando C.
Published: February 2022

The aticle gives a description of a new species, Givarbela dyari Yakovlev, Naydenov et Penco sp. n. from Paraguay, with a detailed diagnosis. G. decolorata Penco, Yakovlev, Naydenov & Witt, 2019 is reported for the first time for the fauna of Brazil and Paraguay. An illustrated catalog of the genus Givarbela Clench, 1957 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Hypoptinae) is presented. The distributional map of the species of the genus is given.
Importance of endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women without risk factors for endometrial cancer
Authors: SOYKAN SERT Zekiye
Published: February 2022

Objective: In women with abnormal uterine bleeding, the appropriate age for endometrial biopsy remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the importance of endometrial biopsy in premenopausal women aged 40-49 years who presented with menorrhagia but did not have risk factors for endometrial cancer.

Material And Methods: The records of patients who underwent endometrial biopsy for diagnostic purposes at the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of our hospital between January 1, 2017 and October 31, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among these patients, premenopausal women aged 40-49 years with menorrhagia who had endometrial biopsy results were included in the sample. Patients with risk factors were excluded from the study.

Results: A total of 176 premenopausal patients with menorrhagia were included in the study. According to the biopsy results of these patients without risk factors, no malignancy was detected. Endometrial hyperplasia was present in six patients (3.4%), of whom (0.6%) had hyperplasia with atypia and five (2.8%) had hyperplasia without atypia.

Conclusion: We found a minimal risk of neoplastic and preneoplastic disease in premenopausal women aged 40-49 years with menorrhagia but no risk factors for endometrial cancer. Endometrial biopsy indications should be reviewed in this patient group.
SQuIGGL⃗E
: Studying Quenching in Intermediate-z Galaxies—Gas,
AnguL⃗ar
Momentum, and Evolution
Authors: Suess Katherine A. , Kriek Mariska , Bezanson Rachel , Greene Jenny E. , Setton David , Spilker Justin S. , Feldmann Robert , Goulding Andy D. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Leja Joel , Narayanan Desika , Hall-Hooper Khalil , Hunt Qiana , Lower Sidney , Verrico Margaret
Published: February 2022

We describe the Studying Quenching in Intermediate-z Galaxies: Gas,

angu

L
→

ar

momentum, and Evolution (

SQuIGG

L

⃗

E

) survey of intermediate-redshift post-starburst galaxies. We leverage the large sky coverage of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to select ∼ 1300 recently quenched galaxies at 0.5 < z ≤ 0.9 based on their unique spectral shapes. These bright, intermediate-redshift galaxies are ideal laboratories to study the physics responsible for the rapid quenching of star formation: they are distant enough to be useful analogs for high-redshift quenching galaxies, but low enough redshift that multiwavelength follow-up observations are feasible with modest telescope investments. We use the Prospector code to infer the stellar population properties and nonparametric star formation histories (SFHs) of all galaxies in the sample. We find that

SQuIGG

L

⃗

E

galaxies are both very massive (M
* ∼ 1011.25
M
⊙) and quenched, with inferred star formation rates ≲1 M
⊙ yr−1, more than an order of magnitude below the star-forming main sequence. The best-fit SFHs confirm that these galaxies recently quenched a major burst of star formation: >75% of

SQuIGG

L

⃗

E

galaxies formed at least a quarter of their total stellar mass in the recent burst, which ended just ∼200 Myr before observation. We find that

SQuIGG

L

⃗

E

galaxies are on average younger and more burst-dominated than most other z ≲ 1 post-starburst galaxy samples. This large sample of bright post-starburst galaxies at intermediate redshift opens a wide range of studies into the quenching process. In particular, the full

SQuIGG

L

⃗

E

survey will investigate the molecular gas reservoirs, morphologies, kinematics, resolved stellar populations, active galactic nucleus incidence, and infrared properties of this unique sample of galaxies in order to place definitive constraints on the quenching process.
Synthesis, molecular docking, ADMET study and in vitro pharmacological research of 7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H,3H)-dione as a promising non-opioid analgesic drug
Authors: Kravchenko Aleksey D. , Pyatigorskaya Natalia V. , Brkich Galina E. , Yevsieieva Larysa V. , Kyrychenko Alexander V. , Kovalenko Sergiy M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The discovery of novel drugs that can block the transmission of pain signals for treating the pain of various etiologies is an urgent topic in pharmaceutics. The aim of this paper is to synthesize and to investigate in vitro and in silico characteristics of a promising novel compound: 7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-2,5(1H,3H)-dione (HSV-DKH-0450).

Materials and methods: The specific activity and the inhibitory mechanism of HSV-DKH-0450 were studied using the HEK293 culture cells expressing the IPTG-induced TRPA1 ion channels. Cardiotoxicity was determined by estimating the binding of HSV-DKH-0450 to the hERG channel. Inhibition of human liver cytochromes was determined by the effect on the activity of cytochromes 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, 2C8, and 3A4. Cellular toxicity was assessed by the effect on the viability of human hepatocytes. ADMET properties were evaluated using admetSAR and SwissADME web-based tools. Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock Vina tools to predict the binding affinity of all HSV-DKH-0450 stereoisomers toward the TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors.

Results and discussion: In silico predictions of ADMET properties of HSV-DKH-0450 showed that it has optimal pharmaceutical profiles. A series of in vitro pharmacological studies revealed that HSV-DKH-0450 is a promising antagonist of the TRPA1 ion channel with the IC50 of 91.3 nM. The molecular docking of HSV-DKH-0450 stereoisomers against the TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors demonstrates that they all are characterized by an approximately similar high binding affinity.

Conclusion: The obtained data for substance HSV-DKH-0450 look promising for its further development as a potential therapeutic agent for pain relief.
Hopf bifurcation control of the ML neuron model with Hc bifurcation type
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Li Meng , Han Fang
Published: February 2022

It is shown that many neurological diseases are caused by the changes of firing patterns induced by bifurcations. Therefore, the bifurcation control may provide a potential therapeutic method of these neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we investigate the Hopf bifurcation control of the Morris-Lecar (ML) model with Homoclinic (Hc) bifurcation type by introducing a dynamic state-feedback control. The results indicate that the linear term can change the ML model from Hc bifurcation type to SNIC bifurcation type without changing the firing patterns. The cooperation of linear and cubic term can transform the ML model from the Hc bifurcation type to the Hopf bifurcation type, resulting in the transformation of firing patterns from type I to type II. Besides, we utilize the Poincare Birkhoff (PB) normal form method to derive the analytical expression of the bifurcation stability index for the controlled ML model with Hc bifurcation type, and the results show that the cubic term can regulate the criticality of the Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Polymer based membranes for propylene/propane separation: CMS, MOF and polymer electrolyte membranes
Authors: Chen Xiao Yuan ,   College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China, Xiao Anguo , Rodrigue Denis ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Published: February 2022

Propylene/propane separations are generally performed by distillation which are energy intensive and costly to build and operate. There is therefore high interest to develop new separation technologies like membrane modules. In our previous paper, we collected, analyzed and reported data for neat polymers and mixed matrix membranes (MMM) based on flat and hollow fiber configurations for propylene/propane separations. In this second part, we collected the data for carbon molecular sieving (CMS) membranes from polymer pyrolysis reaction and metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes from different fabrication methods, as well as data on facilitated transport membrane-polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM). CMS membranes show great potential for C3H6/C3H8 separation with an optimum pyrolysis temperature around 500–600 ℃. However, physical aging is a concern as the micro-pores shrink over time leading to lower permeability. The performance of MOF membranes are above the 2020 upper bound of polymer-based membranes, but have limited commercial application because they are fragile and difficult to produce. Finally, facilitated transport membranes show excellent propylene/propane separation performance, but are less stable compared to commercial polymeric membranes limiting their long-term operation and practical applications. As usual, there is no universal membrane and the selection must be made based on the operating conditions.
Discussion on boundary controllability of nonlocal fractional neutral integrodifferential evolution systems
Authors: Ma Yong-Ki ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Korea, Kumar Kamalendra , Kumar Rakesh , Patel Rohit , Shukla Anurag , Vijayakumar Velusamy ,   Department of Mathematics, SRMS College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly-243001, India,   Department of Mathematics, Hindu College, Moradabad-244001, India,   Department of Applied Science, Rajkiya Engineering College Kannauj, Kannauj-209732, India,   Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: February 2022

In the present work, we have established sufficient conditions for boundary controllability of nonlocal fractional neutral integrodifferential evolution systems with time-varying delays in Banach space. The outcomes are obtained by applying the fractional theory and Banach fixed point theorem. At last, we give an application for the validation of the theoretical results.
Introduction: Talking Past Each Other and Other Catch-22 Situations: States, Emigration, and “Diasporas”
Authors: Brunnbauer Ulf
Published: February 2022

Neither migrants nor minorities always behave the way their governments want them to. This reality is a lesson that Yugoslavia, in both its embodiments, frequently made—amplified by the fact that both the interwar kingdom and the post-war communist regime pursued ambitious nation-building projects. These projects addressed not only the domestic population but also emigrants coming from its territory. In a region where minority issues and migration intersected in complex ways, such projects could go only wrong, one might have predicted. And they often did when policymakers and local bureaucrats struggled with inherently contradictory agendas.
Prva generacija ruske emigracije na Slovenskem: predstavniki ruske inteligence
Authors: Grdina Igor , Zajc Neža
Published: February 2022

Članek obravnava intelektualno elito ruskih priseljencev v Slovenijo med obema svetovnima vojnama, ki je predstavljala prvo generacijo ruske emigracije. Ob orisu širšega zgodovinsko‑političnega ozadja v tedanji Sloveniji in Jugoslaviji prispevek prikaže usode in delovanje nekaterih vidnih predstavnikov, ki so med drugim tudi vplivali na takratno slovensko kulturno dogajanje. Izpostavljeni so J. V. Spektorski, A. Bubnov in A. V. Isačenko, ki so s svojo akademsko dejavnostjo v mnogočem obogatili in razširili slovensko kulturno zavest. V razpravi so njihova dela podrobneje predstavljena.
Book Review - Marcelo J. Borges, Sonia Cancian, and Linda Reeder (eds.) Emotional Landscapes: Love, Gender, and Migration Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021, 280 pp.
Authors: Tobiasz Aleksandra
Published: February 2022

The essays gathered in the volume Emotional Landscapes: Love, Gender, and Migration, edited by Marcelo J. Borges, Sonia Cancian, and Linda Reeder, give a valuable insight into the multifaceted migration experience imbued with emotions. Attending to subtle and variable affective languages, the authors “painted” compelling “emotional landscapes,” historically contingent and shaped transnationally by love and an array of other emotions accompanying people on the move, such as loss, nostalgia, hope, and joy. Love, gender, and migration are interwoven in all the narratives. Love as a driving force of migration, its meaning, the main bond overcoming distance, and an affective underpinning of public discourse pursuing political interests. Changeable in time and space, the meanings of love entail various ways of emotional expression and reshape gender norms.
Book Review - Dejan Valentinčič, Medetnična integracija v lokalnem okolju. Primer Nove Gorice in Gorice Gorizia: Zadruga Goriška Mohorjeva and Inštitut ASEF za izobraževanje in raziskovanje, 2021, 413 pp.
Authors: Genov Nikolai
Published: February 2022

A couple of years ago, I tried to collect information about the ethnic policies in South-Eastern Europe for university teaching. Slovenian colleagues were very cooperative and supplied me with rich information about the social integration policies concerning Roma. This information was enough for resolving the tasks I had at that time. However, step by step, I learned more about the ethnic composition and interethnic relations in Slovenian society. I was struck by the fact that the ethnic picture there was much more complex and complicated than the single case of the Roma minority. In addition, I received a lot of information about Slovenian ethnic minorities in the neighboring countries.
A Virtual EMG Signal Control and Analysis for Optimal Hardware Design
Authors: Aljobouri Hadeel K.
Published: February 2022

Background: A muscle-computer interface is one of the new applications of the human-computer interface technologies and specifically the brain-computer interface. Brain-muscle-computer interface based on the Electromyography (EMG) signal. EMG signal is an electrical activity from a muscle that is used as an input for effecting several tasks.Objective:  This work presented an interfacing process between the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and hardware system. Using the implemented system, the researcher shall deals with the raw EMG data easily by analyzing the signal from the muscle sensor detection.Material and Methods: A novel virtual EMG signal control and analysis system design is proposed in this work. The system consists mainly of two parts, hardware and software toolbox. Hardware design is mainly dependent on using a muscle movement sensor as well as the feedback from the virtual toolbox. The virtual software design offers a relatively simple design of a friendly graphical user interface. It consists mainly of the input EMG signal and output signal after using different processing methods. Feedback response from the final EMG signal results after the processing may help the designer to present the optimal hardware design.Results: The output results show the output performance of the proposed virtual EMG data controlling and analysis with the implemented hardware design of the muscle sensor movement detection. The results show promise that these interfaces may provide a new option to benefit the designer in choosing the optimal prosthesis design of severely disabled persons.
Cross Validation Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Variants with Various White Blood Cells Datasets for the Classification Task
Authors: Mohd Safuan Syadia Nabilah , Md Tomari Mohd Razali , Wan Zakaria Wan Nurshazwani
Published: February 2022

White Blood Cells (WBCs) analysis is an important procedure to detect diseases is that closely related to human immunity system. Manual WBCs analysis is laborious and hence computer aided system (CAD) is a better option to alleviate the shortcoming. Since conventional segmentation-classification approach is tedious to configure, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) become recent trend for WBCs classification. Previously, there are many works proposed for WBCs identification. However, the models that can be generalised to works well among various datasets is remain vague. In this paper, an analysis of various CNN models which are simple Alexnet, embedded friendly Mobilenet, inception based Googlenet, systematic architecture VGG-16 and skip connection based model (Resnet & Densenet), are tested with three major WBCs datasets (Kaggle, LISC and IDB-2). From the rigorous experiments, it can be concluded that simple CNN model of Alexnet performs well across all three datasets with 98.08% accuracy on Kaggle, 96.34% accuracy on IDB-2 and 84.52% on LISC. This outcome can be utilise as a basis to improve the CNN classification model that can be generalize to works under various WBCs datasets.
Argumentation Frameworks – A Brief Review
Authors: T. Sadiq Ahmed , S. Abdulah Hasanen , Taher Kareem Adnan
Published: February 2022

The main aim of this article is to provide a short review of the most important argumentation frameworks (AFs) systems being used. This paper presents the overall thought of unique argumentation, featuring the work way of these theoretical systems in the argumentation interaction and surveys the first Dung structures. It introduces how these systems give acceptable arguments by focused on the argumentation frameworks structures and how to deal with the arguments and the basic rules to give the result. Finally, it surveys the idea of theoretical rationalistic structures, quite possibly the broadest frameworks for dynamic argumentation, and gives a short description of several argumentation frameworks that are more famous.
Semantic Trajectory Frequent Pattern Mining Model
Authors: Li Jun , Su Jie
Published: February 2022

A method for mining frequent patterns of individual user trajectories is proposed based on location semantics. The semantic trajectory is obtained by inverse geocoding and preprocessed to obtain the Top-k candidate frequent location item sets, and then the spatio-temporal sequence intersection and the divide and conquer merge methods are used to convert the frequent iterative calculation of long itemsets into hierarchical sets' regular operations, the superset and subset of frequent sequences are found. This kind of semantic trajectory frequent pattern mining can actively identify and discover potential carpooling needs, and provide higher accuracy for location-based intelligent recommendations such as carpooling and HOV lane travel (High-Occupancy Vehicle Lane). Carpool matching and recommendation based on semantic trajectory in this paper is suitable for single carpooling and relay-ride carpooling. the results of simulation carpooling experiments prove the applicability and efficiency of the method.
Information Entropy Augmented High Density Crowd Counting Network
Authors: Hao Yu , Wang Lingzhe , Liu Ying , Fan Jiulun
Published: February 2022

The research proposes an innovated structure of the density map-based crowd counting network augmented by information entropy. The network comprises of a front-end network to extract features and a back-end network to generate density maps. In order to validate the assumption that the entropy can boost the accuracy of density map generation, a multi-scale entropy map extraction process is imported into the front-end network along with a fine-tuned convolutional feature extraction process, In the back-end network, extracted features are decoded into the density map with a multi-column dilated convolution network. Finally, the decoded density map can be mapped as the estimated counting number. Experimental results indicate that the devised network is capable of accurately estimating the count in extremely high crowd density. Compared to similar structured networks which don’t adapt entropy feature, the proposed network exhibits higher performance. This result proves the feature of information entropy is capable of enhancing the efficiency of density map-based crowd counting approaches.
Predator-prey relationship in the vertical distribution of mites on grapevines
Authors: Nascimento Joseane Moreira do , Silva Darliane Evangelho , Juchem Calebe Fernando , Ferla Julia Jantsch , Silva Rita Tatiane Leão da , Corrêa Luiz Liberato Costa , Johann Liana , Ferla Noeli Juarez
Published: February 2022

Phytophagous mites can cause economic losses in many crops, including grapevines. The changes in their population levels may be associated with changes in the predator-prey relationship. Knowledge of the distribution of mites in plants is important for planning sampling strategies and facilitating control decisions. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the abundances of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae), and the correlations between them and environmental factors; (ii) determine their distribution on the top, middle, or base strata of the evaluated grapevines (Vitis vinifera, Chardonnay cultivar) and, additionally, report the first occurrence of damage caused by T. urticae in grapevine leaves in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Sixteen samplings were conducted, divided between the 2018 and 2019 seasons. In each sampling, three leaves from the three strata of the plant (top, middle, and base) were collected from 20 plants, totaling 60 leaves per sampling. The predator-prey relationship and their association with environmental variables were evaluated with multivariate correlation, whereas the number of mites per plant leaf strata was compared using a generalized linear mixed model in R software. It was possible to observe the symptoms of damage caused by T. urticae attacks on grapevines in Southern Brazil, characterized by the presence of yellow spots and general yellowing of the vineyard. Our findings indicate that T. urticae and N. californicus individuals are strongly associated with each other regardless of the environmental variables, and such relationship occurs mainly on the lower strata (middle and base leaves) of grapevines. Thus, by taking into account the damage on the leaves of grapevines and the occurrence of T. urticae and N. californicus majorities on specific strata of these vineyards, we suggest that the lower strata of grapevines should be the priority targets for management strategies to control such mites.
Storage protein composition during germination and its association with physiological seed quality in common bean
Authors: Ehrhardt-Brocardo Natalia Carolina Moraes , Coelho Cileide Maria Medeiros , Souza Clovis Arruda
Published: February 2022

Seed reserve mobilization is considered a post-germination process; however, seed storage protein mobilization occurs during germination. Thus, the knowledge of seed protein composition is important to understand various processes during germination, and it be associated with seed vigor. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize landrace genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) through fractionation of seed storage proteins during germination and to verify the association between seed protein composition and seed vigor. Genotypes of the highest (55 and 81) and lowest (23 and 50) physiological quality were selected. Protein content analysis, profiling, and characterization were performed by combining different hydration times. Mass spectrometry involving in-gel digestion and MALDI-ToF analysis was employed for the qualitative identification of proteins. Glutelin extraction detected the enzyme lipoxygenase in genotypes 55 and 81 alone. In plants, this enzyme may be involved in diverse physiological processes, including growth and development, pest resistance, senescence, and response to wounding. In the process of germination, lipoxygenase removes reactive oxygen species during reserve mobilization; therefore, lipoxygenase may be a candidate biochemical marker for high-vigor genotypes.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Inhibit Macrophage Efferocytosis of Apoptotic β Cells through Binding to the Receptor for AGEs
Authors: Mao Qian-Yun , He Sun-Yue , Hu Qiu-Yue , Lu Yao , Niu Yi-Xin , Li Xiao-Yong , Zhang Hong-Mei , Qin Li , Su Qing
Published: February 2022

Pancreatic β cell apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Generally, apoptotic β cells are phagocytosed by macrophages in a process known as “efferocytosis.” Efferocytosis is critical to the resolution of inflammation and is impaired in T2DM. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are increased in T2DM, are known to suppress phagocytosis function in macrophages. In this study, we found that AGEs inhibited efferocytosis of apoptotic β cells by primary peritoneal macrophages in C57BL/6J mice or mouse macrophage cell line Raw264.7. Mechanistically, AGEs inhibit efferocytosis by blocking Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 activity and cytoskeletal rearrangement through receptor for advanced glycation end products/ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, it was observed that AGEs decreased the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and promoted the proinflammatory ones to modulate the inflammation function of efferocytosis. Taken together, our results indicate that AGEs inhibit efferocytosis through binding to receptor for advanced glycation end products and activating ras homolog family member A/Rho kinase signaling, thereby inhibiting the anti-inflammatory function of efferocytosis.
MAXQFP: NXP's new package solution for automotive application
Authors: Lee Chu-Chung Stephen , Tran Tu-Anh , Mawer Andrew , Pang XS , Yao JZ
Published: February 2022

172-lead (16x16 mm body size) and 100-lead (10x10 mm body size) MAXQFP's and 172 MAXQFP_EP (exposed pad) for automotive industry are introduced. The advantage of MAXQFP as compare to standard LQFP/QFP packages will be outlined. Thermal & mechanical simulation results were performed to prove its advantage over conventional LQFP and LQFP_EP. The challenges in manufacturing, designs and concerns of tighter lead pitches for MAXQFP are briefly addressed. Methods and data to resolve these challenges will be shown. For example, Sn whisker and Sn migration both are concerns to MAXQFP because of smaller distance between adjacent leads. The board-level solder joint reliability (SJR) has been collected to prove it is AEC G1 compliant. Visual inspection methods and requirements on AOI (automatic object inspection) systems on solider joints of J-leads of MAXQFP for are proposed. Standard AEC G1 component level reliability stresses defined at AEC Q100 which are TC (temperature cycling), HTSL (high temperature storage life), THB (Temperature Humidity Biased) and uHAST (un-biased HAST) tests are summarized Since Cu wires were used, AEC Q006 data are also collected. Assembly challenges are described. Future works will be summarized.
Coronavirus, chip boom, and supply shortage: The new normal for global semiconductor manufacturing
Authors: Rothrock Stephen M.
Published: February 2022

Over the past 50 years, the semiconductor industry has faced its fair share of difficult challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic the world is currently experiencing has caused the worst downturn since the financial crisis of 2008, devastating global economies. And yet, the semiconductor industry has repeatedly shown incredible resilience in the face of adversity. Despite the pandemic, the market has not experienced such a dramatic upturn since 2003 and as a result, the new market upturn breaks open the fundamental flaws and risks of manufacturing concentration and outsourcing.

At a time when the world is precariously dependent on Taiwan for semiconductors, how can the global supply chain forecast, manage, and plan for such sudden shifts in the future? Now more than ever before, advanced technology companies need to keep the finger on the pulse of supply and demand to successfully inform their strategic manufacturing decisions and remain agile to ensure continuity of supply. As chip demand booms in the midst of a supply shortage over the coming months and supply is no longer a given, what does the future hold for manufacturing fabs? Will greenfield become the rule rather than the exception in this new normal? How will the market upturn impact global fab location choices?

Reflecting on some 20 years of experience completing international semiconductor manufacturing asset transactions in North America, Europe, and Asia, ATREG Founder, President, and CEO Stephen M. Rothrock will provide insights into the current global manufacturing asset market and how it is likely to evolve as part of the current market upturn.
Lithography Solutions for Submicron Panel-Level Packaging
Authors: Shelton Doug
Published: February 2022

Heterogeneous Integration of logic, memory, photonic, analog and other value-adding functions is one approach for increasing electronic system efficiency, performance and bandwidth while helping reduce overall manufacturing costs. To capitalize on Heterogeneous Integration benefits, designers are requiring finer resolution Redistribution Layer patterning and larger package sizes to maximize System-in-Package integration possibilities.

Production of large-package electronics systems is well-suited for Panel Level Packaging (PLP) and achieving uniform submicron patterning across the entire rectangular panel is a key lithography challenge. To meet this challenge, Canon developed the first lithography exposure system or stepper that is capable of achieving submicron resolution on 500 mm panels. The stepper features a panel handling system for processing panels up to 515 mm x 515 mm in size and is also equipped with wide-field projection lens featuring a maximum 0.24 Numerical Aperture and a large 52 mm x 68 mm image field.

This paper will report on evaluation results for a submicron PLP process using the panel stepper and will introduce high-resolution PLP process challenges including warped panel handling. Process results on Copper Clad Laminate (CCL) substrates will be reported including pattern uniformity, adjacent shot stitching accuracy and overlay accuracy on substrates containing die-placement error that is common in Fan-Out processes.
Low Temperature Curable Low Dk & Df Polyimide for Antenna in Package
Authors: Araki Hitoshi , Shimada Akira , Ogasawara Hisashi , Jukei Masaya , Fujiwara Takenori , Tomikawa Masao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we developed novel low temperature curable (around 200~250 °C) low Dk (2.7) & Df (0.002) polyimide with high glass transition temperature (170 °C) and elongation (100%). We also developed negative tone photosensitive polyimide with low Dk (3.0) & Df (0.007) by photo initiator and cross linker. Material types of them are liquid or B-stage sheet materials. Patterning methods of the non-photosensitive polyimides were imprint and UV laser ablation. Resolution of those process were 10um via and 30um via respectively. Photosensitive polyimide was patterned by photolithographic tool. We fabricated fine patterned polyimide of photosensitive polyimide by photolithography. We investigated the frequency dependence of the novel low Dk & Df polyimide up to 95 GHz, and confirmed that Df gradually increased from 0.002 to 0.005 as the frequency increased. To confirm effect of the novel polyimide, insertion loss of micro-strip line whose length was 10 mm were measured using the new developed polyimide. Insertion loss (S21 parameter) of the novel polyimide was 0.8 and that was less than half of conventional polyimide. RDL structure was fabricated by novel low Dk and Df polyimide and we tested bump shear strength after thermal cycle test. All shear mode were ductile solder failure without polyimide delamination. Because our novel polyimides show excellent dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties, they are suitable to insulator of RDL for FO-AiP.
Stabilized Sanathanan-Koerner Iteration for Rational Transfer Function Approximation of Scattering Parameters
Authors: Ma Andrew , Deaton Daniel , Engin Arif Ege
Published: February 2022

The vector-fitting algorithm has been the predominant method of macromodeling of high-frequency circuits for the past 20 years. Vector fitting is based on a partial-fractions basis to avoid the ill-conditioning of the Vandermonde matrices in direct fitting of the polynomial coefficients of a rational function. In a recent formulation of the Sanathanan- Koerner iteration, an orthogonal basis is obtained using the Arnoldi iteration significantly improving the conditioning and accuracy of rational approximation. This Stabilized Sanathanan-Koerner (SSK) iteration has been mostly applied on closed-form functions or data with no noise. We will utilize this SSK formulation for high-frequency package interconnect macromodeling. The method will be tested using empirical scattering parameters on a noisy transmission line system. The resultant curve fit will then be compared to several other polynomial and rational linear approximation methods, including the standard polynomial approximation. We show that the SSK method compares favorably to these different methods and provide a curve fit that can provide a reasonable approximation over different frequency ranges.
Design and Implementation of Harmonic RFID Based on Conventional UHF System
Authors: Purandare Aditya , Chu Yihang , Kumar Deepak , Mondal Saikat , Mason Andrew J. , Chahal Prem
Published: February 2022

There has been growing interest in the use of passive harmonic RFIDs for diverse range of applications. Conventional RFIDs are prone to self-jamming and multipath interference, and these challenges can be mitigated using the harmonic RFID design. Recently several harmonic RFID designs have been demonstrated. However, there are many designs related, packaging and intellectual property challenges associated with new tag designs. It has been well known that conventional RFIDs produce harmonic content, which is typically suppressed to reduce background noise. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the harmonics generated by conventional RFIDs can be utilized to enhance their performance. In this paper, an RFID chip is characterized for the generation of harmonic frequencies. This is carried out by designing a high frequency board that contains calibration structures along with structures to characterize the RFID chip using a one port network. An equivalent model is then developed, which in turn is used to design a dual band antenna that works at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. In addition, the conventional RFID interrogator is modified to accommodate the measurement of harmonics generated by the RFIDs. A complete harmonic tag system is designed and implemented, and an example application of harmonic RFID is demonstrated. Here, the harmonic RFID tag is used in an industrial setting where there is large clutter (large reflections from metal structures).
Additively Manufactured Extreme Temperature Electronics Packaging
Authors: Shaddock David , Hoel Cathleen , Stoffel Nancy , Poliks Mark , Alhendi Mohammed
Published: February 2022

There is growing interest in extreme temperature electronics to support the mission needs to sense, actuate, and communicate at temperatures beyond the normal range of operations in commercial and military applications. Reliable packaging in the temperature range of more than 300°C has been demonstrated using ceramic multi-chip modules using conventional hybrid circuit technology. This approach typically requires high NRE costs and lead time. Additive manufacturing processes of metals, ceramics, conductors, and dielectrics provides a digital transformation of hybrid circuit manufacturing technology that reduces time and cost for packaging with the added benefits of novel 3D structures and embedded features. This report presents the results of testing to characterize important electrical and mechanical properties of additively manufactured packaging materials (substrates, conductor, dielectrics) and die interconnect methods needed for 300 to 750 °C electronic packaging designs.
Chiplets Heterogeneous Integration on High-Density Hybrid Substrate Using an Interconnect-Layer
Authors: Peng Chia-Yu , Lau John H , Ko Cheng-Ta , Lee Paul , Lin Eagle , Yang Kai-Ming , Lin Puru Bruce , Xia Tim , Chang Leo , Liu Ning , Lin Curry , Lee Tzu Nien , Wang Jason , Ma Mike , Tseng Tzyy-Jang
Published: February 2022

In this study, a high-density organic hybrid substrate for chiplets heterogeneous integration is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the design, materials, process, fabrication, and characterization of the hybrid substrate with an interconnect-layer. A non-linear finite element analysis is performed to show the state of stress at the vias filled with a conductive paste of the interconnect-layer.
A Substrate-less Process for Heterogeneous Integration of mm-Wave Circuits
Authors: Crump Cameron , Chu Yihang , Chahal Premjeet
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a new ultra-compact substrate-less approach to heterogeneous integration of millimeter wave circuits is demonstrated. In the proposed process, active and passive components are placed face down on a temporary carrier. A thick layer of benzocyclobutene (BCB) is deposited surrounding these components using aerosol jet printing (AJP). This is followed by a combination of the blanket deposition of silver conductor and perforated BCB layers. This approach allows for the placement of chips close to each other leading to heterogeneous integration. Also, the front side is made planar, which allows for subsequent processing of low-loss interconnects. Here, as a proof of concept, a simple interconnect between two chips, placed close to each other, is demonstrated.
Advanced wire bonding standards for European automotive and power electronics industry
Authors: Schmitz Stefan , Schneider-Ramelow Martin
Published: February 2022

This article presents the wire bond standard DVS-2811, which is widely used in German-speaking and European countries. Introduced in 1996, this standard now contains definitions and limits for all currently used bonding methods, including the shear test on heavy/thick wire bond connections, which is missing in all other official standards. Especially considering the growing number of users in battery bonding, the specification of appropriate limits for testing thick wires is of important significance. In addition to an overview of the current status, an outlook is given on further updates that are due in the next 1–2 years.