bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing MongoDB query performance through index optimization
Authors: Nuriev Marat , Zaripova Rimma , Yanova Olga , Koshkina Irina , Chupaev Andrey
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the critical aspect of enhancing query performance in MongoDB through meticulous index optimization. It begins with an introduction to MongoDB's unique document-oriented data storage approach and its inherent scalability, which sets the stage for understanding the importance of efficient query processing. The discussion progresses to highlight the pivotal role of indexes in MongoDB, emphasizing their function in expediting data retrieval and the necessity for their optimization to ensure peak database performance. A detailed exploration is provided on the methodologies for identifying fields suitable for indexing, considering factors such as query frequency and the specific use of fields in query operations. The article further elaborates on the selection of optimal index types, tailored to the diverse needs of varying data and query scenarios, thereby underscoring the versatility of MongoDB's indexing capabilities. Management of index size is discussed as a critical component of optimization, addressing the balance between index efficiency and resource consumption. The utilization of MongoDB's query planner is showcased as a powerful tool for achieving an in-depth understanding of query execution and identifying potential optimizations. In conclusion, the article encapsulates the essence of continuous index management and the strategic use of MongoDB's analytical tools to maintain and enhance database performance. It underscores the ongoing nature of optimization efforts required to keep pace with evolving data patterns and application demands, ultimately ensuring a responsive, efficient, and scalable database environment.
Analysis of the implementation of sustainable development goals and information support systems using the example of the Rostov region
Authors: Kurdyukov Vladimir , Klepacheva Valeriya , Afan Bahaa
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the compliance of the information support system with the goals of the transition to sustainable development of the territory. The object of the study is the Rostov region and the regional center - Rostov-on-Don. The article presents the dynamics of indicators from official statistics characterizing environmental pollution and its consequences. In response to the promotion of tax initiatives related to carbon footprints in different countries, Russia is implementing plans to develop a system for monitoring and accounting for pollutant emissions to improve the efficiency and timeliness of information. At the first stages of accounting for carbon dioxide emissions, the objects of monitoring are large stationary sources of pollution. At the same time, an important element of information support for making management decisions for the transition to sustainable development of a territory is information about the potential of the territory to resist environmental pollution (for example, the assimilation potential of the ecosystem of the main pollutants of the territory , the maximum permissible load on the ecosystem). The disadvantages of the assessment, verification and control methodology, the small number of pollutants involved in regulation, can significantly limit a number of alternatives that can be effectively used to transition to sustainable development of the territory. In addition, limitations in the methodology for collecting data and assessing pollution (for example, from motor vehicles) reduce the effectiveness of the information system and the adequacy of the analysis of the situation and decisions made in general.
Development of a methodology for automated processing of spatial data of agricultural land based on machine learning
Authors: Berezovsky Vladimir , Aleshko Roman , Shoshina Ksenia , Vasendina Irina
Published: June 2024

Agriculture industry in Russia is an important part of the economy. Therefore, this industry must be highly efficient and profitable. The usage of remote sensing data for field monitoring makes it possible to simplify the process of collecting information on sown areas and increase the efficiency of this economic sector. Agricultural crops show up well on satellite images and are relatively easy to decipher both in terms of texture and spectral characteristics. However, even for deciphering well-distinguishable objects, large labor costs and high qualification of the performer are required. Recently, active work has been carried out to automate monitoring performed on satellite images, however, these methods are at the initial stage of development and are mostly created for narrowly focused individual areas of activity. The aim of the study is the development of a methodology for automated processing of spatial data of agricultural designation. The novelty of the research lies in the absence of methods for automated decoding in this area. The article describes a study of the possibilities of automated image processing, the analysis of the necessary spectral characteristics and vegetation indices, and the application of the machine learning algorithm used in the methodology. The development of software and hardware implementation of the methodology in Python programming language for geographic information system QGIS is presented. The software and hardware implementation of this methodology allowed to perform automated processing of images of agricultural designation and to identify the objects displayed on them.
The choice of a method for selecting and determining the quantitative and qualitative content of microplastics in wastewater
Authors: Yudina Natalia , Yudin Andrey
Published: June 2024

A general growth in the polymers production and consumption leads to an increase in the new types of wastes. In conjunction with the lack of secondary recycling power this fact is being a reason for appearance of a new processes that is potentially destructive for the environment. In particular, plastic wastes that is being stored in the wastewater of a large cities under a combination of aggressive factors action such as humidity, mechanical and UV-erosion degrades into a small-size particles, famously known as microplastics (MP). The study presented is devoted to the methodology development for acquisition, quantitative and qualitative analysis of wastewater derived microplastics. An experimental part deals with real wastewater samples collected at different infrastructurally-important objects of Rostov-on-Don and Aksai cities. For all the sampling locations the presence of urban-generated MP particles is approved. The results show that the research methods used are able to satisfy the output data quality conditions. However, the significant time and cost consumption of the research chain developed limits its wide practical application.
Investing in nature: analysis of the relationship between environmental capital and economic growth
Authors: Shepelev Ivan , Goncharova Oksana , Ermolina Lilia , Gorokhova Nadezhda
Published: June 2024

This paper analyzes an important and urgent problem that is the relationship between investments in nature, represented by environmental capital and economic growth. In the context of sustainable development and environmental conservation, interest in this topic is becoming increasingly significant. The paper examines the main theoretical concepts related to the impact of environmental capital on the economy, as well as presents the results of empirical studies confirming or refuting hypotheses about the positive impact of investments in nature on economic growth. This analysis allows us to identify key aspects of the interaction between environmental capital and economic development, which can serve as a basis for the development of effective strategies and policies in the field of sustainable development. The article also analyzes various approaches to measuring environmental capital and its impact on economic growth, taking into account the specifics of different regions and countries. Examples of successful investment strategies in nature are discussed, as well as obstacles and challenges facing the adoption of such measures.
Responsible consumption in the context of ESG transformation of the economy
Authors: Budrin Aleksander , Soldatova Anastasiya , Vorobeva Alena , Korytova Viktoriia
Published: June 2024

The formation and development of responsible consumption arise in the context of digital transformation, generational change, international certification systems creation, and the growth of environmental consciousness. The term “responsible consumption” has no clear category boundaries in the scientific literature. However, most authors emphasise the number of additional requirements in the entire product value chain emergence such as production technologies; corporate social responsibility programs; business processes transparency as well as their ethics; packaging specifics; certification availability; raw materials; and product performance characteristics. Digitalisation and development of the responsible consumers segment have a great impact on the business environment changing, contributing to the emergence of new market niches and ecological products, as well as other opportunities and risks. Business leaders need recommendations for adapting existing marketing strategies in the direction of building marketing ecosystems and new formats of communicating with the consumer. The paper describes a full range of digital marketing communications tools for interacting with responsible consumption followers. The authors propose to use influence-marketing to broadcast corporate values and key ideas of sustainable brand as well as its ecological image to the target audience. Trustworthy interaction between the company and responsible consumption trendsetters is possible through co-creation marketing; as a result, the additional value joint creation and the common solution of environmental, social, and economic problems formation happen in the frames of this interaction.
Die Transition von Familien mit Frühgeborenen von der Station nach Hause
Authors: Chalupka-Ho Cathrine
Published: June 2024

Im Bereich der Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie begegnen Pflegepersonen Familien während der Transition von einem Leben ohne Kind(er) zu einem Leben mit Kind(ern). Der Familienzuwachs allein bringt Veränderungen mit sich, doch was passiert, wenn das gewünschte Familienleben durch Komplikationen nicht mehr so stattfinden kann wie ursprünglich vorgestellt und erwartet? Wie die Begleitung von Transitionsprozessen in der Pflegepraxis gestaltet werden könnte, soll anhand der Begleitung des elterlichen Transitionsprozesses im Fachbereich der Neonatologie gezeigt werden.
Informiert entscheiden – Organspende
Authors: Hertl Annika
Published: June 2024

Am 1. Juni 2024 fand der Tag der Organspende statt. Außerdem bietet das Organspende-Register seit Anfang April die Möglichkeit, die persönliche Entscheidung für oder gegen eine Spende digital zu dokumentieren. Zu diesen Anlässen gibt der Artikel Informationen rund um die Gesetze und Abläufe. Darüber hinaus berichtet eine betroffene Ergotherapeutin im Interview ihre Sicht auf die Thematik.
Klinisches Krisenmanagement im Krankenhaus – Kommunikation und
Leadership als Schlüsselgrößen der organisationalen Resilienz
Authors: Zuchowski Matthias Lukas , Henzler Dennis , Lauerer Michael , Göller Aydan , Yang Mia Jiming , Flohr Johanna , Alscher Mark Dominik , Nagel Eckhard
Published: June 2024

Zielsetzung Die Studie untersucht Schlüsselfaktoren zur Bewältigung von
Krisensituationen in einem Krankenhaus und leitet Empfehlungen zur Stärkung der
organisationalen Resilienz ab.

Methodik Zweistufige Umfrage unterteilt in Mitarbeitende (n=670) und
Expert:innen (n=42) zu Erfolgsfaktoren und strategischen Empfehlungen zur
Krisenbewältigung.

Ergebnisse Organisationale Resilienz wird erheblich von Führungs- und
Kommunikationsmaßnahmen beeinflusst. Auch der Aufbau einer modularen und
flexiblen Gebäudeinfrastruktur, die Bevorratung wichtiger IT-Ressourcen, sowie
ein robustes Zulieferernetzwerk können als wichtige Resilienzfaktoren betrachtet
werden.

Schlussfolgerung Führung und Resilienz stehen im engen Verhältnis
zueinander. Infrastrukturelle Faktoren als Vorhalteleistung stehen im
Spannungsverhältnis zur derzeitigen Krankenhausfinanzierungsmodellen.
Spontaneous Resolution of Acute Subdural Hematoma in a Patient with Thrombocytopenia: A Blessing in Disguise
Authors: Singh Guramritpal , Verma Pawan Kumar
Published: June 2024

Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) constitutes one of the most common emergencies in neurosurgery and its spontaneous resolution is an uncommon phenomenon. Several theories have been described to explain this phenomenon including redistribution of subdural blood, dilution by cerebrospinal fluid, and brain atrophy. Rapid resolution of acute SDH related to thrombocytopenia is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of a patient who showed rapid resolution of acute SDH with thrombocytopenia and also discuss such a rare case with speculation of the thrombocytopenia as a factor to promote this phenomenon.
Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Raj Sumit , Thanneeru Suresh K , Mondithokha Sukumar , Chouksey Pradeep , Janjua Tariq , Singh Bharti , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Yunus Md , Agrawal Amit
Published: June 2024

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern. Standard care involves conservative management and pharmacological and surgical interventions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a potential treatment for TBI, with varied findings in the literature. Our systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of HBOT in TBI management, addressing existing knowledge gaps and providing insights for clinical practice and future research.

Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library), and ScienceDirect databases for the role of HBOT in TBI. We included studies involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Quasi-randomized controlled studies, prospective, retrospective observational studies, case series, case reports, letters, editorials, comments, animal studies, and studies from non-English literature were excluded.

Results After identifying 306 articles, we narrowed it to 8 for qualitative synthesis. The studies were categorized into subgroups: those on patients with an acute history of cerebral injury and those with a history of mild TBI. The combined RCTs involved 651 patients (326 in the first subgroup, 325 in the second). Despite a uniform HBOT session duration of 60 minutes, variations in compression, decompression phases, and pressure used (1.5ATA to 2.5ATA) hindered meta-analysis comparability. Outcome measures differed, complicating comparisons. Overall, HBOT appears beneficial in the first group and less so in the second. Complications are primarily pulmonary, which include dyspnea, cyanosis, hyperoxic pneumonia, and increased fraction of inspired oxygen requirement.

Conclusion Our study encountered challenges in reaching definitive conclusions due to outcome variability among the included studies. Despite mixed results, HBOT shows potential benefits for acute TBI patients. Conversely, our findings suggest the limited efficacy of HBOT for chronic traumatic brain injury patients. Further research is crucial, particularly exploring diverse HBOT treatment protocols to establish optimal pressure levels and the required number of sessions for effective outcomes
Elucidating Genes and Transcription Factors of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Involved in the Cellular Response upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation for Biodosimetry and Triage: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Gollapalli Pavan , Radhakrishna Vishakh , N. Suchetha Kumari , Gnanasekaran Tamizh Selvan
Published: June 2024

Background Gene expression–based biodosimetry is a promising method for estimating radiation dose following exposure. A panel of highly radio-responsive genes in human peripheral blood was used in the current investigation to create and evaluate a unique gene expression–based radiological biodosimetry method.

Methodology In human cellular research, we reviewed the literature on genes and proteins correlating to radiation response in vivo and in vitro. We looked at two publicly accessible independent radiation response gene expression profiles (GSE1977 and GSE1725) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Results The obtained data exhibited 42 genes with substantial differential expression, 25 of which were upregulated and 17 of which were downregulated in ionizing radiation exposure groups compared with control groups. The gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the hub genes are significantly involved in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle phase transition, regulation of the mitotic cell cycle, and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. Out of the 42 DEGs, four top genes (CDK1, CCNB1, UBC, and UBB) were obtained through network centrality features. However, the multicomponent filtering procedure for radiation response genes resulted in cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) as a critical gene in the dataset curated.

Conclusion Our findings suggest the possibility of discovering novel gene connections involved in the cellular response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes upon exposure to ionizing radiation.
Prenatal Diagnosis of a Right Atrial Appendage Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Miranda Jezid , Villalobo Dulce María , Alfieri Nikita , Contreras Brenda , Vergara Gabriel
Published: June 2024

Introduction Congenital malformations of the right atrium are rare heart defects with only a few cases described prenatally. Early diagnosis of these anomalies is becoming increasingly important for proper follow-up and due to the possibility of serious complications such as supraventricular arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, and sudden death.

Objective The atrial appendage aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the atrial appendage. It is considered an extremely rare congenital anomaly. However, this condition is clinically significant because it leads to atrial arrhythmias, recurrent emboli, heart failure, and chest pain. In addition, it is possible to recognize AAA prenatally with fetal echocardiography, even if it rarely happens. However, few fetal AAA cases have been reported in the literature.

Study Design We report a case of a fetal AAA; diagnosed prenatally and with postnatal confirmation. We undertook a systematic review of studies on fetal AAA to synthesize available knowledge on diagnosing and managing this rare condition.

Results A total of eight studies describing 24 patients were identified and analyzed.

Conclusion Despite their rarity, fetal atrial appendage aneurysms necessitate early detect on due to associated severe complications. Our findings emphasize the importance of prenatal diagnosis through fetal echocardiography and highlight the need for further research to optimize management strategies and improve outcomes for affected individuals.
Brain Stem Hemorrhage after Insertion of a Lumbar Drain: An Extremely Rare but Fatal Complication of a Routine Procedure
Authors: Yadav Vikrant , Pandey Nityanand
Published: June 2024

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a life-saving procedure to control refractory intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury. Postdecompressive craniectomy hydrocephalus (PDCH) is debilitating complication following DCs. Lumbar drainage (LD) is a temporary measure that is helpful in the assessment of PDCH and its functioning can predict the risks and benefits of definitive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures. LD is associated with multiple complications. Intracranial hemorrhage is a rare but devastating complication following LD. Here, the authors report a case in which LD was performed as a temporary measure to assess PDCH, resulting in brain stem hemorrhage (BSH). A 45-year-old male underwent DC for severe traumatic brain injury. Patient developed PDCH in postoperative period. LD was done as a bridging procedure for definitive CSF diversion procedure, which resulted in fatal BSH. Authors conclude that although a simple procedure, LD can be associated with fatal BSH. Since drainage of CSF after LD is unpredictable in patients of PDCH, a close monitoring of the functioning of the LD system is required to avoid overdrainage and brain herniations.
Impact of Time from Injury to Surgery on Postoperative Functional Recovery in Large Volume Traumatic Extradural Hematomas
Authors: Elkholy Hany , Elnoamany Hossam , Ammar Ahmed Shawky
Published: June 2024

Background In traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, the time from trauma to cranial surgery is always of great concern to patients and neurosurgeons.

Patients and Methods A retrospective study conducted on 93 TBI patients presented with Glasgow Coma Scale from 4 to 13 and were operated for large volume (≥ 40 cm3) extradural hematoma (EDH) from July 2020 to December 2022. Surgery was done either within 6 hours following trauma (group A) or later than 6 hours (group B). We evaluated the impact of time from injury to surgery on postoperative clinical recovery, survival, and hospital stay.

Results Fifty patients (53.8%) were operated upon within 6 hours after trauma and 43 patients (46.2%) had operations later than 6 hours. No significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding any of the preoperative clinical or radiological factors except for the mean time from injury to surgery (p < 0.001). Delayed surgery > 6 hours was significantly associated with higher postoperative mortality (p = 0.014). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in patients operated ≤ 6 hours (p = 0.006). Patients operated ≤ 6 hours showed significantly favorable functional recovery both at discharge (p = 0.010) and after 1 month of follow-up (p = 0.023).

Conclusion Timely surgical intervention for large volume traumatic EDH is the gold standard. Early surgery “within 6 hours from trauma” not only can save patients' life but also is significantly associated with postoperative favorable clinical recovery, low morbidity, and short hospital stay.
6.1.44 gem-Diborylalkanes
Authors: Bao Z. , Wang J.
Published: June 2024

gem-Diborylalkanes are important intermediates in organic synthesis, and in recent years various strategies for the preparation of these compounds have been developed. This review summarizes methods for the synthesis of gem-diborylalkanes based on diborylation, hydroboration, dehydrogenative borylation, boryl migration, and substitution. Specific reactions covered include the borylation of gem-dibromides, alkenes, vinylboronates, alkynes, benzylic C—H bonds, carbonyls, carbamates, diazo compounds, alkylmagnesium bromides, and alkenylmagnesium bromides. Selective derivatization of 1,1-diboryl motifs in gem-diborylalkanes has become a vital strategy for useful synthetic transformations.
6.1.46 Borepins
Authors: Hong C. , Tovar J. D.
Published: June 2024

Borepins are seven-membered rings with six π-electrons, and aromatic electron delocalization is possible due to the vacant p-orbital of boron. However, because the empty p-orbital resides on the electropositive boron, instead of on a carbon, the boron can be envisioned as being unable to accept substantial circulating π-density from the more electronegative carbon; borepin is therefore less aromatic (and less stable) than the tropylium ion. Three fundamental synthetic strategies have been used to prepare borepins: (a) formation of a stannacycle followed by tin–boron exchange; (b) lithiation of ethene-tethered aromatic rings, followed by quenching with a borylated species; and (c) Diels–Alder reaction of an antiaromatic borole with an alkyne followed by ring expansion.
6.1.45 Diphosphino–Boryl (PBP) Pincer Complexes
Authors: Yamashita M.
Published: June 2024

Transition-metal–boryl complexes having a covalent B-M bond have been considered as reactive intermediates in transition-metal-catalyzed borylative transformation of organic molecules. However, monodentate, anionic boryl ligands are not appropriate for use as supporting ligands, because they readily dissociate from the metal center. Since the first reports of transition-metal complexes possessing a pincer ligand involving boron and two coordinating sidearms, the chemistry of phosphorus-tethered PBP-pincer complexes has gradually developed. This review focuses on the synthesis of PBP-pincer complexes, their structure, elementary reactions, and applications in catalytic transformations of organic molecules.
Influence of radio frequency wave driving frequency on capacitively coupled plasma discharge
Authors: Yang Song , Zhang Wen , Shen Junfeng , Liu Hai , Tang Changjian , Xu Yuhong , Cheng Jun , Shao Junren , Xiong Jian , Wang Xianqu , Liu Haifeng , Huang Jie , Zhang Xin , Lan Heng , Li Yucai
Published: June 2024

A two-dimensional symmetric fluid model is established to study the influence of radio frequency (RF) wave driving frequency on the capacitively coupled plasma discharge. The relationship between the driving frequency and electron density is obtained by solving the electron energy balance equation. The calculation results show that the average electron density first increases rapidly with the increase in driving frequency and then gradually tends to saturation at a threshold frequency. A fluid simulation is also carried out, which provides similar results. Physical studies on this phenomenon are conducted, revealing that the essence of this phenomenon is due to the inability of electrons to quickly respond to potential changes within the boundary sheath when the driving frequency of RF exceeds the plasma frequency. In addition, it is also found that increasing gas pressure can enhance the electron density and the type of gas can also affect the electron density.
Biomimic and bioinspired soft neuromorphic tactile sensory system
Authors: Kang Kyowon , Kim Kiho , Baek Junhyeong , Lee Doohyun J. , Yu Ki Jun
Published: June 2024

The progress in flexible and neuromorphic electronics technologies has facilitated the development of artificial perception systems. By closely emulating biological functions, these systems are at the forefront of revolutionizing intelligent robotics and refining the dynamics of human–machine interactions. Among these, tactile sensory neuromorphic technologies stand out for their ability to replicate the intricate architecture and processing mechanisms of the brain. This replication not only facilitates remarkable computational efficiency but also equips devices with efficient real-time data-processing capability, which is a cornerstone in artificial intelligence evolution and human–machine interface enhancement. Herein, we highlight recent advancements in neuromorphic systems designed to mimic the functionalities of the human tactile sensory system, a critical component of somatosensory functions. After discussing the tactile sensors which biomimic the mechanoreceptors, insights are provided to integrate artificial synapses and neural networks for advanced information recognition emphasizing the efficiency and sophistication of integrated system. It showcases the evolution of tactile recognition biomimicry, extending beyond replicating the physical properties of human skin to biomimicking tactile sensations and efferent/afferent nerve functions. These developments demonstrate significant potential for creating sensitive, adaptive, plastic, and memory-capable devices for human-centric applications. Moreover, this review addresses the impact of skin-related diseases on tactile perception and the research toward developing artificial skin to mimic sensory and motor functions, aiming to restore tactile reception for perceptual challenged individuals. It concludes with an overview of state-of-the-art biomimetic artificial tactile systems based on the manufacturing–structure–property–performance relationships, from devices mimicking mechanoreceptor functions to integrated systems, underscoring the promising future of artificial tactile sensing and neuromorphic device innovation.
Variable time constant filtering control for MMC-HESS considering wind power fluctuations
Authors: Yu Liufeng , Zheng Jingwen , Yu Yu
Published: June 2024

Wind power exhibits frequent fluctuations, which can impact the stability of the power grid. The impact of wind power on grid stability can be mitigated by using energy storage system whose battery lifespan can be extended by control strategies. This study focuses on the design of a modular multilevel hybrid energy storage system that incorporates both battery packs and supercapacitors. This system aims to effectively smooth the fluctuation of wind power and prolong the lifespan of battery packs. The power distribution between the battery packs and the supercapacitors is achieved through a first-order low-pass filter. The low-frequency power variations are smoothed using the battery packs, while the time constant of the filter is adjusted based on changes in the state of charge of battery packs. This approach prevents overcharging and overdischarging of the battery packs, thereby increasing their lifespan. The remaining high-frequency power variations are handled using the supercapacitors. Simulation results and a comparison with fixed time constant low-pass filtering demonstrate that the grid-connected power meets national standards following the implementation of the energy storage configuration. The proposed control strategy effectively allocates high- and low-frequency energy storage power, resulting in an 18.34% increase in battery pack lifespan.
A calculation method of winding loss of high frequency transformer based on finite element method
Authors: Shenghua Pan , Yuwen Zhang , Huarong Chen
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a winding loss calculation method used in the field of converter transformers is introduced into the realm of high-frequency transformers for the first time. In addition, the impact of winding structure on the calculation accuracy of the method is considered for the first time. Comparing the calculation results of this method with those of the formula method, based on the results of finite element simulation. The feasibility of using this method to calculate the winding loss of a high-frequency transformer is verified. First, the winding loss of rectangular wire commonly used in small-capacity high-frequency transformers is analyzed. Based on the finite element simulation results, the accuracy of the hybrid method is compared with the formula calculation method to demonstrate the feasibility of the hybrid method. Then, using the same method, the accuracy of the hybrid method in calculating the winding loss of the circular wire, which is also used in small-capacity high-frequency transformers, is compared with the formula method. The maximum number of continuous winding layers has been modified, and the outcomes for various layers are being computed. Finally, the cross-transposition winding structure is also calculated, demonstrating that the hybrid method is not only applicable to wires of various shapes but also compatible with different winding structures. The results show that the hybrid method has good calculation accuracy and applicability. It can provide more precise calculation results for the winding loss of high-frequency transformers with various winding shapes.
A novel physics-based modeling approach for tangential fretting contact behavior of jointed interface considering multi-scale effects
Authors: Zhu Linbo , Liu Di , Chen Jian , Liu Junbing
Published: June 2024

A novel physics-based constitutive model has been developed to map the tangential fretting behavior of joint surfaces. The model integrates the fractal normal contact model, which considers multi-scale effects, and the Iwan model through the Coulomb friction law. In this model, a new distribution of yield force is proposed for Jenkins elements, which is determined by fractal topography and material parameters and related to the scale of asperity. The effects of fractal topography, material parameters, and the normal load applied to the joint surface on the tangential responses such as tangential force, tangential stiffness, energy dissipation, and the distribution of yield force have been discussed. It has been found that the fractal parameters D and G have opposite effects on the tangential responses and yield force distribution.
Research on collaborative inspection key technologies for multi-UAVs and multi-nests
Authors: Hu Hongwei , Fu Zifeng , Liu Zhuang
Published: June 2024

The single individual capability and insufficient endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have always been problems in power inspection operations. This article is based on the new development needs of UAV inspection and proposes a new model of multi-UAVs collaborative inspection. On this basis, this article studies the decoupling and intelligent matching technology between airports and UAVs, task merging and splitting technology in complex multi-task situations, and proposes a safety inspection strategy for multi-UAVs collaborative operations to ensure the safety of operations in the multi-UAVs multi-nests collaborative inspection mode. Finally, a complete multi-UAV, multi-nests collaborative inspection strategy is constructed.
State of the art in energy consumption using deep learning models
Authors: Yadav Shikha , Bailek Nadjem , Kumari Prity , Nuţă Alina Cristina , Yonar Aynur , Plocoste Thomas , Ray Soumik , Kumari Binita , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alharbi Amal H. , Khafaga Doaa Sami , El-Kenawy El-Sayed M.
Published: June 2024

In the literature, it is well known that there is a bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy consumption. This is why it is crucial to forecast energy consumption. In this study, four deep learning models, i.e., Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, bidirectional LSTM, and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), were used to forecast energy consumption in Brazil, Canada, and France. After a training test period, the performance evaluation criterion, i.e., R2, mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error, was performed for the performance measure. It showed that GRU is the best model for Canada and France, while LSTM is the best model for Brazil. Therefore, the energy consumption prediction was made for the 12 months of the year 2017 using LSTM for Brazil and GRU for Canada and France. Based on the selected model, it was projected that the energy consumption in Brazil was 38 597.14–38 092.88, 63 900–4 800 000 GWh in Canada, and 50 999.72–32 747.01 GWh in France in 2017. The projected consumption in Canada was very high due to the country’s higher industrialization. The results obtained in this study confirmed that the nature of energy production will impact the complexity of the deep learning model.
Leopards at large: population density, habitat utilisation and spatio-temporal overlap of leopards (Panthera pardus) with competitors and prey in the Rajaji Tiger Reserve, northern India
Authors: Yadav Shashank , Mohan Manu , Sharma Aditi , Sonker Sanatan , Krishnamurthy Ramesh
Published: June 2024

Context In the vicinity of the western Rajaji Tiger Reserve, a significant rise in conflicts between humans and leopards has occurred. These conflicts have resulted in a substantial number of human deaths, with 60% attacks resulting in deaths over a 4-year period. Aims This study aims to examine any potential connection among the non-breeding tigers, leopards, prey, humans and the increased occurrence of conflicts. Methods To address this objective, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the density of leopards, as well as their spatial and temporal behaviour with respect to tigers, prey and humans through on-site habitat use, circular statistics, diel-overlap as well spatial niche breadth and spatial-niche overlap. Key results Our findings showed one of the highest leopard-density estimates (excluding cubs) (mean ± s.e.) of 23.7 ± 4.8 per 100 km2. When examining on-site habitat use by leopards, we found three variables that had a negative influence, namely, human presence, slope, and the presence of tigers. The presence of a large prey (sambar) had a positive influence. Leopards, exhibiting the highest spatial-niche breadth, demonstrated a small overlap with both tigers and humans, while displaying a significant diel overlap with sambar. The niche overlap was notably high with sambar, but very low with humans and tigers. Conclusions Although tigers locally created a zone of spatial and temporal avoidance, at the population level the leopards experienced a surge in numbers in response to the reduced tiger numbers, indicated by their high density. This could be a cause of high leopard movement into nearby human settlements. This unique scenario could have contributed to conflict. Implications Understanding the coexistence among different species and the impact of transient animals is crucial to develop effective management strategies to mitigate conflict. This approach would facilitate and ensure the long-term survival of diverse large carnivores in the tropical forests of southern Asia through sustained support for conservation from local communities.
Deception abilities emerged in large language models
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo
Published: June 2024

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the steady increase in reasoning abilities, future LLMs are under suspicion of becoming able to deceive human operators and utilizing this ability to bypass monitoring efforts. As a prerequisite to this, LLMs need to possess a conceptual understanding of deception strategies. This study reveals that such strategies emerged in state-of-the-art LLMs, but were nonexistent in earlier LLMs. We conduct a series of experiments showing that state-of-the-art LLMs are able to understand and induce false beliefs in other agents, that their performance in complex deception scenarios can be amplified utilizing chain-of-thought reasoning, and that eliciting Machiavellianism in LLMs can trigger misaligned deceptive behavior. GPT-4, for instance, exhibits deceptive behavior in simple test scenarios 99.16% of the time (P< 0.001). In complex second-order deception test scenarios where the aim is to mislead someone who expects to be deceived, GPT-4 resorts to deceptive behavior 71.46% of the time (P< 0.001) when augmented with chain-of-thought reasoning. In sum, revealing hitherto unknown machine behavior in LLMs, our study contributes to the nascent field of machine psychology.
Cleavage of the syncytial protein of J paramyxovirus is required for its ability to promote cell–cell fusion
Authors: An Dong , Li Zhuo , Beavis Ashley C. , Briggs Kelsey R. , Harvill Mason , He Biao
Published: June 2024

Cell–cell fusion mediated by most paramyxovirus requires fusion protein (F) and attachment protein (H, HN, or G). The F protein is proteolytic cleaved to be fusogenically active. J paramyxovirus (JPV) has a unique feature in the family Paramyxoviridae: It encodes an integral membrane protein, syncytial protein (SP, formerly known as transmembrane protein, TM), which is essential in JPV-promoted cell–cell fusion (i.e., syncytial). In this study, we report that cleavage of SP is essential for its syncytial-promoting activity. We have identified the cleavage site of SP at amino acid residues 172 to 175, LKTG, and deletion of the “LKTG” residues abolished SP protein cleavage and its ability to promote cell–cell fusion. Replacing the cleavage site LKTG with a factor Xa protease cleavage site allows cleavage of the SP with factor Xa protease and restores its ability to promote cell–cell fusion. Furthermore, results from a hemifusion assay indicate that cleavage of SP plays an important role in the progression from the intermediate hemifusion state to a complete fusion. This work indicates that SP has many characteristics of a fusion protein. We propose that SP is likely a cell–cell fusion–promoting protein.
3D observations provide striking findings in rubber elasticity
Authors: Wang Zifan , Das Shuvrangsu , Joshi Akshay , Shaikeea Angkur J. D. , Deshpande Vikram S.
Published: June 2024

The mechanical response of rubbers has been ubiquitously assumed to be only a function of the imposed strain. Using innovative X-ray measurements capturing the three-dimensional spatial volumetric strain fields, we demonstrate that rubbers and indeed many common engineering polymers undergo significant local volume changes. But remarkably, the overall specimen volume remains constant regardless of the imposed loading. This strange behavior which also leads to apparent negative local bulk moduli is due to the presence of a mobile phase within these materials. Combining X-ray tomographic observations with high-speed radiography to track the motion of the mobile phase, we have revised classical thermodynamic frameworks of rubber elasticity. The work opens broad avenues to understand not only the mechanical behavior of rubbers but a large class of widely used engineering polymers.
Cu(II) complex that synergistically potentiates cytotoxicity and an antitumor immune response by targeting cellular redox homeostasis
Authors: Huang Ke-Bin , Wang Feng-Yang , Lu Yuan , Yang Liang-Mei , Long Nian , Wang Shan-Shan , Xie Zhiying , Levine Matthew , Zou Taotao , Sessler Jonathan L. , Liang Hong
Published: June 2024

Developing anticancer drugs with low side effects is an ongoing challenge. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has received extensive attention as a potential synergistic modality for cancer immunotherapy. However, only a limited set of drugs or treatment modalities can trigger an ICD response and none of them have cytotoxic selectivity. This provides an incentive to explore strategies that might provide more effective ICD inducers free of adverse side effects. Here, we report a metal-based complex (
Cu-1
) that disrupts cellular redox homeostasis and effectively stimulates an antitumor immune response with high cytotoxic specificity. Upon entering tumor cells, this Cu(II) complex enhances the production of intracellular radical oxidative species while concurrently depleting glutathione (GSH). As the result of heightening cellular oxidative stress,
Cu-1
gives rise to a relatively high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, whereas normal cells with low levels of GSH are relatively unaffected. The present Cu(II) complex initiates a potent ferroptosis-dependent ICD response and effectively inhibits in vivo tumor growth in an animal model (c57BL/6 mice challenged with colorectal cancer). This study presents a strategy to develop metal-based drugs that could synergistically potentiate cytotoxic selectivity and promote apoptosis-independent ICD responses through perturbations in redox homeostasis.
Representation of migrant accents in media discourse
Authors: Dumlao Remart Padua , Willoughby Louisa
Published: June 2024

This study looks at how migrants’ accents are portrayed, labelled, and constructed in media discourse, investigating media coverage of migrants’ accents in the Australian press from 2007 to 2017, a period highlighted by changes in Australian citizenship policies and public discourse. While language has been extensively discussed in policy discourse, there has been a notable dearth of research on the coexistence of dialects and accents within official languages as portrayed in media platforms. Using a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of 2,657,016 words from Australian newspaper articles, the study applies raciolinguistic ideologies to show how the press justifies and legitimizes migrant accent-related issues. The results suggest that speakers of Inner Circle English variants are positioned differently from non-white/Outer and Expanding Circle speakers. Speakers of the Inner Circle were far more likely than other speakers to have their accents described as ‘broad’ or ‘thick’, and they were more likely to have the national variation they spoke specifically named. Others, in contrast, regularly described racialized speakers as simply having a ‘foreign’ accent, and many of them frequently claimed trying to ‘change’ their accent or ‘fake’ an Australian accent in an effort to gain access to employment and broader social acceptance. These results emphasize the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that non-white migrant speakers are positioned as incompetent speakers and demonstrate how raciolinguistic ideologies, linguistic racism, and accent laboring concerns are widespread in Australian society. These findings highlight the significance of corpus approaches for studying language related issues and provide insight into accent biases produced by the media in Australian society.
The invitation game
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth Muth
Published: June 2024

This paper analyses Danish Tinder chats that in the very first message after ‘matching’ immediately launch the
prospect of meeting. A collection of 41 threads is analyzed using Goffman’s (1967, 1974) concepts of face and interactional framing, outlining
methods participants use to open a chat after having matched and addressing the interest and purpose they have approached in the
other party. Methods include, in particular, inferences that can be made based on the type of activity or setting suggested for a
future meeting, indirectness and ambiguity related to how the social actions are designed, and the conversational cues used such
as emojis and enthusiasm markers. The analysis also shows how participants work out and negotiate whether they have a common
interest in meeting, in particular, how they exploit and deal with ambiguities used extensively as a mechanism for flirting. The
analysis further suggests that practices adhere to gender-stereotypes showing how participants may handle and orient to a norm
that women should not agree to meet with a stranger early on in a chat correspondence.
Light quarkonium and charmonium mass shifts in an unquenched quark model*
Authors: Chen 陈 Xiaoyun 晓云 , Tan 谭 Yue 悦
Published: June 2024

The unquenched quark model for the light quarkonium and charmonium states is explored in this study. The quark-pair creation operator in the

model, which combines the two-quark and four-quark components, is modified by considering the effects of the created quark pair's energy. Furthermore, the separation between the created quark pair and valence quark pair is modified. All the wave functions, including those for the mesons and the relative motion between two mesons, are obtained by solving the corresponding Schrödinger equation using the Gaussian expansion method. The aim of this study is to find a new set of parameters that can accurately describe the mass spectrum of low-lying light quarkonium and charmonium states. Moreover, certain exotic states, such as

, can be described well in the unquenched quark model.
A simple light path modifying device to reduce scattering in front-face fluorescence spectra
Authors: Peters Frank B , Rapp Andreas O
Published: June 2024

This technical note presents a device to diminish scattering signal in front-face fluorescence spectra while obtaining fluorescence signal. The beam path in a commercial fluorescence spectrometer was modified by two deflecting mirrors, leading reflections away from the sensor. This light path modifying (LPM) device was tested with two fluid and three solid substances, where the scattering-to-fluorescence ratio improved by a factor of 1.7 to 7.6. The spectra obtained with the LPM were much clearer, and distortion of the fluorescence peaks was avoided. Scans of quinine sulphate complied well with reference spectra.