bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and slice electrophysiological assessment of DREADD ligand, deschloroclozapine (DCZ) in rats
Authors: Nentwig Todd B. , Obray J. Daniel , Vaughan Dylan T. , Chandler L. Judson
Published: April 2022

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) have become a premier neuroscience research tool for enabling reversible manipulations of cellular activity following experimenter-controlled delivery of a DREADD-specific ligand. However, several DREADD ligands, e.g., clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), have metabolic and off-target effects that may confound experimental findings. New DREADD ligands aim to reduce metabolic and potential off-target effects while maintaining strong efficacy for the designer receptors. Recently a novel DREADD ligand, deschloroclozapine (DCZ), was shown to induce chemogenetic-mediated cellular and behavioral effects in mice and monkeys without detectable side effects. The goal of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of systemic DCZ for DREADD-based chemogenetic manipulations in behavioral and slice electrophysiological applications in rats. We demonstrate that a relatively low dose of DCZ (0.1 mg/kg) supports excitatory DREADD-mediated cFos induction, DREADD-mediated inhibition of a central amygdala-dependent behavior, and DREADD-mediated inhibition of neuronal activity in a slice electrophysiology preparation. In addition, we show that this dose of DCZ does not alter gross locomotor activity or induce a place preference/aversion in control rats without DREADD expression. Together, our findings support the use of systemic DCZ for DREADD-based manipulaations in rats, and provide evidence that DCZ is a superior alternative to CNO.
Impacts of climate change on reproductive phenology in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia
Authors: Numata Shinya , Yamaguchi Koharu , Shimizu Masaaki , Sakurai Gen , Morimoto Ayaka , Alias Noraliza , Noor Azman Nashatul Zaimah , Hosaka Tetsuro , Satake Akiko
Published: April 2022

In humid forests in Southeast Asia, many species from dozens of plant families flower gregariously and fruit synchronously at irregular multi-year intervals1–4. Little is known about how climate change will impact these community-wide mass reproductive events. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of reproductive phenology and its environmental drivers based on a monthly reproductive phenology record from 210 species in 41 families in Peninsular Malaysia. We find that the proportion of flowering and fruiting species decreased from 1976 to 2010. Using a phenology model, we find that 57% of species in the Dipterocarpaceae family respond to both drought and low-temperature cues for flowering. We show that low-temperature flowering cues will become less available in the future in the RCP2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, leading to decreased flowering opportunities of these species in a wide region from Thailand to the island of Borneo. Our results highlight the vulnerability of and variability in phenological responses across species in tropical ecosystems that differ from temperate and boreal biomes.
A nonflammable electrolyte for ultrahigh-voltage (4.8 V-class) Li||NCM811 cells with a wide temperature range of 100 °C
Authors: Xiao Peitao , Zhao Yun , Piao Zhihong , Li Baohua , Zhou Guangmin , Cheng Hui-Ming
Published: April 2022

A nonflammable electrolyte has been designed to enhance the interfacial stability and electrochemical kinetics for lithium metal batteries. As a result, Li||NCM811 cells show stable cycling stability at an ultrahigh cut-off voltage of 4.8 V.
The role of solvation in proton transfer reactions: implications for predicting salt/co-crystal formation using the ΔpKa rule
Authors: Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J. , Lusi Matteo , Wheatcroft Helen P. , Bond Andrew D.
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the theoretical background of the ΔpKa rule and highlights the crucial role of solvation in determining the outcome of the potential proton transfer from acid to base.
Thymol ameliorated neurotoxicity and cognitive deterioration in a thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy rat model; involvement of the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway
Authors: Ogaly Hanan A. , Abdel-Rahman Rehab F. , Mohamed Marawan Abd Elbaset , O.A. Ahmed-Farid , Khattab Marwa S. , Abd-Elsalam Reham M.
Published: April 2022

THY was found to exert hepato- and neuroprotective effects against HE via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects in addition to activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
Phonon anharmonicity in binary chalcogenides for efficient energy harvesting
Authors: Parajuli P. , Bhattacharya S. , Rao R. , Rao A. M.
Published: April 2022

Phonon anharmonicity contributes to the low κL and high ZT in binary chalcogenides. Here we review complementary experimental techniques to measure anharmonicity and describe new machine learning approaches to enable the design of better TE materials.
Stretchable and transparent ionogel-based heaters
Authors: Zhang Limei , Jia Kun , Wang Jiao , Zhao Jiayou , Tang Jingda , Hu Jian
Published: April 2022

An ionic transparent heater (TH) based on a stretchable and transparent ionogel is presented, utilizing Joule heating induced by ionic conduction in response to an alternating current. This TH can be heated uniformly in bending and stretching states.
Hybrid fabrication of multimodal intracranial implants for electrophysiology and local drug delivery
Authors: Gurke Johannes , Naegele Tobias E. , Hilton Sam , Pezone Roberto , Curto Vincenzo F. , Barone Damiano G. , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Malliaras George G.
Published: April 2022

New fabrication approaches for mechanically flexible implants hold the key to advancing the applications of neuroengineering in fundamental neuroscience and clinic.
Bottom-up synthesis of 2D layered high-entropy transition metal hydroxides
Authors: Li Fei , Sun Shi-Kuan , Chen Yinjuan , Naka Takashi , Hashishin Takeshi , Maruyama Jun , Abe Hiroya
Published: April 2022

A facile polyol process is presented to synthesize equimolar high-entropy metal hydroxides with 2D layered structures for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Role of heat treatment in improving replication quality of PDMS double-casting
Authors: Li Shichen , Nguyen Son Van , Lee Bong-Kee
Published: April 2022

Heat treatment was applied to improve the replication quality of the PDMS double-casting process.
Multi-wavelength fusion column fingerprint technology combined with chemometric analysis to evaluate the overall quality of the Gardenia jasminoides root
Authors: Zhang Hui , Bai Rui , Wu Yameng , Zeng Jielin , Jiang Huijie , Liu Xiaoyi , Zhang Hongxu , Yan Jizhong
Published: April 2022

Chromatographic fingerprinting provides effective technical means for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Nanoparticle personalized biomolecular corona: implications of pre-existing conditions for immunomodulation and cancer
Authors: Shaw Jacob , Pearson Ryan M.
Published: April 2022

The nanoparticle biomolecular corona is affected by patients’ pre-existing conditions and it should be considered when developing novel immunotherapeutics.
Stacking-faulted CDO zeolite nanosheets efficient for bulky molecular reactions
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhao Yuhong , Luo Fangying , Li Shiqing , Xu Hao , Jiang Jingang , Han Lu , Wu Peng
Published: April 2022

Stacking-faulted CDO-type nanosheets (ECNU-57) with a large external surface area were prepared with small-molecular, which showed excellent catalytic performance in reactions involving bulky molecules.
High cubicity of D2O ice inside spherical nanopores of MIL-101(Cr) framework: a neutron diffraction study
Authors: Dutta Dhanadeep , Bera A. K. , Maheshwari Priya , Kolay Siddhartha , Yusuf S. M. , Pujari P. K.
Published: April 2022

Fraction of ice Ic (Cubicity) evolved at different temperatures below 220 K. More than 94% cubicity at 100 K is observed for the D2O ice formed inside MIL-101(Cr) spherical nano-pore with 70 vol% and 60 vol% pore filling.
Supermagnetic Mn-substituted ZnFe2O4 with AB-site hybridization for the ultra-effective catalytic degradation of azoxystrobin
Authors: Hu Zhong-Ting , Jin Zi-Yan , Gong Si-Yan , Wei Xiuzhen , Zhao Jia , Hu Mian , Zhao Jun , Chen Zhong , Pan Zhiyan , Li Xiaonian
Published: April 2022

Magnetic Zn0.25Mn0.75Fe2O4 was applied to the degradation of azoxystrobin in a Fenton-like system, and the performance was enhanced via crystal structure control.
In situandex situinvestigations on ternary strategy and co-solvent effects towards high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Yan Cenqi , Fong Patrick Wai-Keung , Yu Jiangsheng , Liu Heng , Yin Junli , Huang Jianhua , Lu Xinhui , Yan He , Li Gang
Published: April 2022

High efficiencies for organic solar cells are achieved. Two different morphology change paths are revealed with bothin situandex situmeasurements.
Insights on Pb(ii) retention and immobilization by ferrihydrite in the presence of Al(iii) and oxalic acid
Authors: Yu Peijing , Ariya Parisa A. , Fu Fenglian , Tang Bing
Published: April 2022

Al(iii) and oxalic acid affect the migration of Pb(ii) during ferrihydrite transformation under different pH values.
A post-deposition annealing approach for organic residue control in TiO2 and its impact on Sb2Se3/TiO2 device performance
Authors: Koltsov Mykhailo , Krautmann Robert , Katerski Atanas , Maticiuc Natalia , Krunks Malle , Oja Acik Ilona , Spalatu Nicolae
Published: April 2022

A two-step post-deposition treatment approach enables organic residue control in TiO2 and improves the efficiency of a Sb2Se3/TiO2 thin film solar cell.
Efficient synthesis of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine using whole-cell biocatalysis
Authors: Kardashliev Tsvetan , Panke Sven , Held Martin
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a novel one-pot biocatalytic process for the preparation of a versatile chemical intermediate, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, from naturally-occurring 2,6-lutidine using recombinant microbial whole cells as catalysts.
Effects of argon on the analytical properties of a microwave-sustained, inductively coupled, atmospheric-pressure plasma
Authors: Wiltsche Helmar , Wolfgang Matthias , Hallwirth Franz
Published: April 2022

A MICAP is a microwave driven plasma source commonly employing nitrogen as the sole plasma gas. In this work we evaluated the properties of argon/nitrogen mixed-gas plasmas in terms of size, structure and analytical characteristics.
A hydrophobic imidazolium cationic framework for selective adsorption of TcO4−/ReO4− from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhi Xupeng , Li Xiaomin , Dong Fangfei , Huang Yiwei , Yang Suliang , Yan Taihong , Shen Yinglin
Published: April 2022

The IMI-P synthesized using a one-pot synthesis has good adsorption capacity and selectivity for TcO4− at pH 2–13, and has application prospects in nuclear industry wastewater treatment.
Oral drug delivery using a polymeric nanocarrier: chitosan nanoparticles in the delivery of rifampicin
Authors: Ghosh Ria , Mondal Susmita , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Adhikari Aniruddha , Ahmed Saleh A. , Alsantali Reem I. , Khder Abdelrahman S. , Altass Hatem M. , Moussa Ziad , Das Ranjan , Bhattacharyya Maitree , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: April 2022

Oral delivery of rifampicin through chitosan nanoparticles.
Correction: CNFs from linseeds oil: a potential source of X-band microwave absorbers
Authors: Kshirsagar Dattatray E. , Dubey Harish , Puri Vijaya , Jadhav Vijay , Sharon Madhuri
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘CNFs from linseeds oil: a potential source of X-band microwave absorbers’ by Dattatray E. Kshirsagar et al., Mater. Adv., 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ma01252e.
Correction: Plasmon enhanced light–matter interaction of rice-like nanorods by a cube-plate nanocavity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Huan , Zhang Tingting , Mi Xiaohu , Jiang Zihe , Zhou Ziming , Guo Lei , Zhang Min , Zhang Zhenglong , Liu Ning , Xu Hongxing
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Plasmon enhanced light–matter interaction of rice-like nanorods by a cube-plate nanocavity’ by Hui Zhang et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 1145–1150, DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00777G.
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to support the development of the next generation risk assessment (NGRA) strategy for nanomaterials
Authors: Jagiello Karolina , Ciura Krzesimir
Published: April 2022

The in vitro to in vivo extrapolation models (IVIVE) can support the development of the Next Generation Risk Assessment through integration the AOP-anchored strategy for in vitro assays selection with the PBPK models.
Photothermal motion: effect of low-intensity irradiation on the thermal motion of organic nanoparticles
Authors: Guernelli Moreno , Bakalis Evangelos , Mavridi-Printezi Alexandra , Petropoulos Vasilis , Cerullo Giulio , Zerbetto Francesco , Montalti Marco
Published: April 2022

The thermal motion of fluorescent organic nanoparticles is affected by the excitation intensity even at a low irradiance regime. The displacement of an individual nanoparticle increases linearly with irradiation intensity (Photothermal Motion).
Doped 2D SnS materials derived from liquid metal-solution for tunable optoelectronic devices
Authors: Guo Xiangyang , Wang Yichao , Elbourne Aaron , Mazumder Aishani , Nguyen Chung Kim , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Yu Jerry , Sherrell Peter C. , Daeneke Torben , Walia Sumeet , Li Yongxiang , Zavabeti Ali
Published: April 2022

Semiconductor doping using liquid metals.
Low-temperature activable, carbon dioxide based, highly adhesive and degradable oligo-urethane and its potential application as an auto-detachable dressing
Authors: Zhao Chunjun , Zhang Ruoyu , Han Shuai , Yan Xiaowen , Zhao Keyu , Zhu Xiaoxia , Han Lijing
Published: April 2022

Oligo-urethane based hot melt adhesives with UPy as the chain extender are developed with reduced activation temperature and improved adhesive strength. Especially, a oligo-urethane shows the possibility of being an excellent skin dressing.
A brightly red emissive AIEgen and its antibody conjugated nanoparticles for cancer cell targeting imaging
Authors: Su Huifang , Deng Ziwei , Liu Yanling , Zhao Yun , Liu Hongjian , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2022

Antibody decorated nanoparticles with brightly red emissions are promising probes for targeted detection of cancer cells due to their excellent specificity, deep penetration depth, high photostability and low phototoxicity.
Pd-Free synthesis of dithienothiophene-based oligoaryls for effective hole-transporting materials by optimized Cu-catalyzed annulation and direct C–H arylation
Authors: Tu Chen-Hsin , Lee Kun-Mu , Chen Jui-Heng , Chiang Chia-Hua , Hsu Shen-Chieh , Hsu Ming-Wei , Liu Ching-Yuan
Published: April 2022

For the first time, [Cu]-catalyzed annulation and direct C–H/C–I couplings were used as key transformations to access new DTT-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs), CHC05–07. Perovskite solar cells with CHC07 display PCEs of up to 14.7%.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide as an effective two-carbon unit in oxidative radical cyclization toward 7-methylazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
Authors: Gao Qinghe , Sun Zhenhua , Wu Manman , Guo Yimei , Han Xinya , Yan Jufen , Ha Minh Ngoc , Le Quynh Mai , Xu Yongtao
Published: April 2022

An unexpected oxidative radical cyclization with DTBP as the C2 cyclic unit enables the assembly of privileged 7-methylazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Discovery and characterization of a novel sub-group of UbiA-type terpene cyclases with a distinct motif I
Authors: Luo Pan , Lv Jian-Ming , Xie Yan-Feng , Xiao Liang-Yan , Qin Sheng-Ying , Chen Guo-Dong , Luo Xiao-Zhou , Hu Dan , Gao Hao
Published: April 2022

A novel sub-group of UbiA-type TCs with a distinct motif I were identified from fungi to generate structurally diverse sesquiterpenes.
Electrochemical aspects of coinage metal nanoparticles for catalysis and spectroscopy
Authors: Roy Deblina , Pal Anjali , Pal Tarasankar
Published: April 2022

For noble metal, Mn+/M(atom) = reduction potential (V) values are negative.
Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of d-allulose using an inclusion complex of γ-cyclodextrin with a benzoxaborole-based probe
Authors: Suzuki Yota , Hashimoto Takeshi , Hayashita Takashi
Published: April 2022

We proposed an inclusion complex of γ-cyclodextrin with a benzoxaborole-based fluorescent probe as a highly sensitive and selective chemosensor for d-allulose.
Integrating recyclable polymers into thermoelectric devices for green electronics
Authors: Zheng Jie , Solco Samantha Faye Duran , Wong Claris Jie Ee , Sia Seng Ann , Tan Xian Yi , Cao Jing , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Yan Weili , Zhu Qiang , Yan Qingyu , Wu Jing , Suwardi Ady , Li Zibiao
Published: April 2022

Electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is one of the central frameworks of the circular economy.
Recent advances in noble metal MXene-based catalysts for electrocatalysis
Authors: Kong Wei , Deng Jinxia , Li Lihong
Published: April 2022

In this review, we focus on the recent advances of the application of noble metal MXene-based catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis.
Copper loaded nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon nitride as a highly efficient photocatalyst for selective oxidative cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds at room temperature under visible light
Authors: Guo Jiabao , Zhao Yizhuo , Wang Peng , Song Yang , Shao Yifei , Zhu Li , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: April 2022

A newly designed copper loaded nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon nitride for photocatalytic selective oxidative cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds at room temperature is presented.
Intercalation-type pseudocapacitive clustered nanoparticles of nickel–cobalt phosphate thin films synthesized via electrodeposition as cathode for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor devices
Authors: Marje Supriya J. , Pujari Sachin S. , Khalate Suraj A. , Patil Vinod V. , Parale Vinayak G. , Kim Taehee , Park Hyung-Ho , Gunjakar Jayavant L. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Patil Umakant M.
Published: April 2022

Alteration of Ni : Co composition in nickel–cobalt phosphate electrodes leads morphological evolution from microspheres to nanosheets and exhibits transformation from the battery-intercalation-intrinsic pseudocapacitive-type charge storage mechanism.
A cobalt covalent organic framework: a dual-functional atomic-level catalyst for visible-light-driven C–H annulation of amides with alkynes
Authors: Jia Jingwen , Bu Xiubin , Yang Xiaobo
Published: April 2022

A heterogeneous cobalt covalent organic framework (CoCOF-SYNU-1) serves as a dual functional atomic-level catalyst to balance reaction efficiency and selectivity in visible-light-driven C–H annulation of amides with alkynes.
Multivalent cationic and anionic mixed redox of an Sb2S3 cathode toward high-capacity aluminum ion batteries
Authors: Li Tongge , Cai Tonghui , Hu Haoyu , Li Xuejin , Wang Dandan , Zhang Yu , Cui Yongpeng , Zhao Lianming , Xing Wei , Yan Zifeng
Published: April 2022

A multivalent Sb-related cation (Sb(+3) ⇔ Sb(+5)) and S-related anion (S(−2) ⇔ S(0)) mixed redox Sb2S3 cathode breaks the capacity limit of conventional metal sulfides and enables high-capacity aluminum-ion batteries.
A nitridation route to construct high-activity interfaces toward alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Feng Yihan , Wang Xunlu , Wang Jiacheng
Published: April 2022

A nitridation route to synthesize Ru/TiOxNy with fast HER kinetics is successfully developed; this not only optimizes the adsorption energy of hydrogen intermediates, but it also improves electron transfer via forming Ru–N bonds at the interfaces.
Tuning the interfacial insulating shell characteristics in CaCu3Ti4O12 nanowires/polyetherimide nanocomposites for high-temperature capacitive energy storage
Authors: Jiang Junhao , Li Jinpeng , Zhang Yantai , Yuan You , Liu Xiaoyun , Zuo Peiyuan , Qian Jun , Zhuang Qixin
Published: April 2022

The influence of the shell insulating properties on the dielectric performances of polymer-based nanocomposites.
Naphthobistriazole based non-fused electron acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Bo , Wu Yonggang , Liang Shijie , Yuan Likai , Xia Dongdong , Zhao Chaowei , Liu Feng , Li Weiwei
Published: April 2022

Non-fused near-infrared electron acceptors based on a naphthobistriazole core were developed for organic solar cells with efficiencies over 10%.
Post aerobic digestion (PAD) is a solids sidestream nutrient removal process that utilizes native carbon: performance and key operational parameters from two full-scale PAD reactors
Authors: McNamara Patrick , Sabba Fabrizio , Redmond Eric , Dunlap Patrick , Worley-Morse Thomas , Marks Christopher , Downing Leon
Published: April 2022

PAD reduces nitrogen and solids following anaerobic digestion without external carbon supplements.
Dynamic wireless networks assisted by RIS mounted on aerial platform: Joint active and passive beamforming design
Authors: Zhu Qiaonan , Gao Yulan , Nie Jiangtian , Xiao Yue , Tang Wanbin
Published: April 2022

The design of dynamic wireless networks assisted by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) mounted on aerial platforms (RIS‐APs) is conceived, where the connection status among users and RIS‐APs are selected according to the average channel quality dynamically and timely. Taking into account the time‐varying selection status and the mobility of users, we construct a long‐term dynamic process. The goal is to minimize the time‐averaged power consumption under the requirements of the time‐averaged minimum rate for users as well as the constraint of the maximum transmit power for the base station (BS), via jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the BS and passive beamforming at RIS‐APs. With the aid of Lyapunov concept‐based drift‐plus‐penalty (DPP) algorithm, the long‐term optimization problem is transformed into short‐term sub‐problems related to each other at each frame. Subsequently, the fractional programming method based on Lagrangian dual theory is applied to derive the solutions for active‐passive beamforming in a closed form. Finally, simulation results validate the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A new class of self‐normalising LMS algorithms
Authors: Ploder Oliver , Lang Oliver , Paireder Thomas , Motz Christian , Huemer Mario
Published: April 2022

Many researchers and practitioners make heavy use of the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm as an efficient adaptive filter suitable for a multitude of problems. Despite being versatile and efficient, a drawback of this algorithm is that the adaptation rate, i.e. step‐size, has to be chosen very carefully in order to get the desired result (optimum compromise between fast adaptation and low steady state error). This choice was simplified by the invention of the normalised LMS, which bounds the step‐size and guarantees convergence. However, the optimum choice of the normalisation becomes non‐trivial if the system to be approximated is part of a bigger, non‐trivial model, e.g. cascaded filters or linear paths followed by nonlinearities. Such cases usually require approximations or worst‐case estimates in order to yield a normalised update algorithm, which might result in sub‐optimal performance. To counteract this problem, a new class of LMS algorithms which automatically choose their own normalisation terms, the so‐called self normalising LMS, is introduced. The simulations show that this new algorithm not only outperforms state‐of‐the‐art solutions in terms of steady state performance in a cascaded filter scenario but also converges just as fast as all other considered algorithms.
A novel insulator defect detection scheme based on Deep Convolutional Auto‐Encoder for small negative samples
Authors: Deng Fangming , Luo Wei , Wei Baoquan , Zuo Yong , Zeng Han , He Yigang
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a novel insulator defect detection scheme based on Deep Convolutional Auto‐Encoder (DCAE) for small negative samples. The proposed DCAE scheme combines the advantages of supervised learning and unsupervised learning. In order to reduce the high cost of training Deep Neural Networks, this paper pre‐trained the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) through open labelled datasets. Through transferring learning, the encoder part of the traditional Convolutional Auto‐Encoder was replaced by the first three layers of the CNN, and a small number of defect samples were used to fine‐tune the parameters. A threshold discrimination scheme was designed to evaluate the model detection, realising the self‐explosion detection of insulator by judging the residual result and abnormal score. The experimental results show that compared with the existing insulator self‐explosion detection schemes, the proposed scheme can reduce the model training time by up to 40%, and the recognition accuracy can reach 97%. Moreover, this model does not need a large number of insulator labelled data and is especially suitable for small negative sample application.
Fast CP‐compression layer: Tensor CP‐decomposition to compress layers in deep learning
Authors: Ji Yuwang , Wang Qiang
Published: April 2022

Deep neural network (DNN) shows its powerful performance in terms of image classification and many other applications. However, as the number of network layers increases, it brings huge pressure on devices with limited resources. In this article, a novel network compression algorithm is proposed that compresses the original network by up to about 60 times. In particular, a tensor Canonical Polyadic(CP) decomposition based algorithm is proposed to compress the weight matrix in the fully connected(FC) layer and the convolution kernel in the convolution layer. Traditional tensor decomposition algorithms are usually to first pre‐train the weights, and decompose the weights, finally perform fine‐tuning on the factors in the second training phase. Instead, the decomposed factors are directly updated by performing tensor CP decomposition on weight without fine‐tuning. The proposed algorithm is called Fast CP‐Compression Layer method in this paper. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm cannot only reduce computing time and improve compression factor but also improve accuracy on some datasets.
Ultra high gain step up DC/DC converter based on switched inductor and improved voltage lift technique for high‐voltage applications
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Zaid Mohammad , Siddique Marif Daula , Iqbal Atif
Published: April 2022

Voltage lift is a well‐known technique to improve the voltage gain of the converter. A combination of switched inductor and the conventional voltage lift technique can be used to achieve high gain, but the semiconductor's stress is still high. An improved voltage lift technique by employing an extra diode and capacitor and a switched inductor is proposed, which significantly increases the voltage boosting factor and reduces the voltage stress of semiconductor devices. The proposed converter is transformerless and non‐isolated in nature. The proposed topology has a continuous input source current and has a common connection between the source and the load. The converter is controlled by a single switch, making it simple to use. The steady‐state relations are drawn out in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The effect of the unequal inductance on the voltage gain is carried out in detail. The improved voltage lift technique can develop the n‐stage converter to improve voltage gain further and reduce stress on semiconductors. The proposed topology is compared with the recent converters, and the effect of the non‐idealities on the voltage gain and losses occurring in the components is discussed in detail. A hardware prototype with a rating of 20V/300V, 250 W is built to test the suggested topology's performance and theoretical analysis. At a 20‐V input, the highest efficiency was measured to be 95.8%.
Nucleation and growth of iron pebbles explains the formation of iron-rich planets akin to Mercury
Authors: Johansen Anders , Dorn Caroline
Published: April 2022

The pathway to forming the iron-rich planet Mercury remains mysterious. Its core makes up 70% of the planetary mass, which implies a significant enrichment of iron relative to silicates, while its mantle is strongly depleted in oxidised iron. The high core mass fraction is traditionally ascribed to evaporative loss of silicates, for example following a giant impact, but the high abundance of moderately volatile elements in the mantle of Mercury is inconsistent with reaching temperatures significantly above 1000 K during its formation. Here we explore the nucleation of solid particles from a gas of solar composition that cools down in the hot inner regions of the protoplanetary disc. The high surface tension of iron causes iron particles to nucleate homogeneously (i.e. not on a more refractory substrate) under very high supersaturation. The low nucleation rates lead to depositional growth of large iron pebbles on a sparse population of nucleated iron nanoparticles. Silicates in the form of iron-free MgSiO3 nucleate at similar temperatures but obtain smaller sizes because of the much higher number of nucleated particles. This results in a chemical separation of large iron particles from silicate particles with ten times lower Stokes numbers. We propose that such conditions lead to the formation of iron-rich planetesimals by the streaming instability. In this view, Mercury formed by accretion of iron-rich planetesimals with a subsolar abundance of highly reduced silicate material. Our results imply that the iron-rich planets known to orbit the Sun and other stars are not required to have experienced mantle-stripping impacts. Instead, their formation could be a direct consequence of temperature fluctuations in protoplanetary discs and chemical separation of distinct crystal species through the ensuing nucleation process.
Immuno-Epidemiological Model-Based Prediction of Further Covid-19 Epidemic Outbreaks Due to Immunity Waning
Authors: Ghosh Samiran , Banerjee Malay , Volpert Vitaly
Published: April 2022

We develop a new data-driven immuno-epidemiological model with distributed infectivity, recovery and death rates determined from the epidemiological, clinical and experimental data. Immunity in the population is taken into account through the time-dependent number of vaccinated people with different numbers of doses and through the acquired immunity for recovered individuals. The model is validated with the available data. We show that for the first time from the beginning of pandemic COVID-19 some countries reached collective immunity. However, the epidemic continues because of the emergence of new variant BA.2 with a larger immunity escape or disease transmission rate than the previous BA.l variant. Large epidemic outbreaks can be expected several months later due to immunity waning. These outbreaks can be restrained by an intensive booster vaccination.
A ranking framework based on interval self and cross-efficiencies in a two-stage DEA system
Authors: Kremantzis Marios Dominikos , Beullens Patrick , Klein Jonathan
Published: April 2022

The evaluation of the performance of a decision-making unit (DMU) can be measured by its own optimistic and pessimistic multipliers, leading to an interval self-efficiency score. While this concept has been thoroughly studied with regard to single-stage systems, there is still a gap when it is extended to two-stage tandem structures, which better correspond to a real-world scenario. In this paper, we argue that in this context, a meaningful ranking of the DMUs is obtained; this outcome simultaneously considers the optimistic and pessimistic viewpoints within the self-appraisal context, and the most favourable and unfavourable weight sets of each of the other DMUs in a peer-appraisal setting. We initially extend the optimistic-pessimistic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to the specifications of such a two-stage structure. The two opposing self-efficiency measures are merged to a combined self-efficiency measureviathe geometric average. Under this framework, the DMUs are further evaluated in a peer settingviathe interval cross-efficiency (CE). This methodological tool is applied to evaluate the target DMU in relation to the most favourable and unfavourable weight profiles of each of the other DMUs, while maintaining the combined self-efficiency measure. We, thus, determine an interval individual CE score for each DMU and flow. By treating the interval CE matrix as a multi-criteria decision making problem and by utilising several well-established approaches from the literature, we delineate its remaining elements; we show how these lead us to a meaningful ultimate ranking of the DMUs. A numerical example about the efficiency evaluation of ten bank branches in China illustrates the applicability of our modelling approaches.
Prevalence of Oral Normal Variance in Healthy Elderly Patients: A Descriptive Study on Oral Pseudo-Lesions
Authors: Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Suryanijaya Vint Erawati , Inastu Candrika Ramya , Radithia Desiana , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo , Marsetyo Riyan Iman
Published: April 2022

Introduction The aging process in the elderly can change the condition of the oral cavity, regarding both clinical appearance and function. The oral mucosa becomes more susceptible to mechanical damage and irritant agents. Any changes in the oral mucosa, including normal variance, should be examined. This is especially true for the elderly, to improve oral health and prevent any abnormalities.

Objective To describe the prevalence of oral normal variance in healthy elderly patients.

Methods An observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design with total sampling conducted from March to April 2020.

Results Among the 117 elderly patients who participated in this study, 58 were described as healthy without any comorbidities. From those subjects, there were 117 cases of normal variance in the oral mucosa. The three most prevalent issues were fissured tongue (93.1%), coated tongue (58.62%), and crenated tongue (27.59%).

Conclusion Fissured tongue is a normal variance of the oral mucosa that is commonly found in healthy elderly patients.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Quantitative Review of Current Treatments
Authors: Santos Fernando Furtado , Takahashi André Akira Ramos , Ponce André , Franceschini Paulo Roberto , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de
Published: April 2022

Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disease that causes intense pain mainly in the upper and lower limbs of the patients, impairing the quality of life of those affected by the syndrome. Its pathophysiology has not yet been fully discovered and described. Also, treatments need to advance in the search for pain relief in those affected by the disease. The present article aims to describe the pathophysiology of CRPS and, mainly, to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of new treatments against pain caused by the disease.

Methods Several articles on clinical trials described in a table were included in the present study, and a systematic review of the effectiveness of current treatments was performed.

Results A total of 29 articles from clinical trials were selected using the preselection criteria. Surgical treatments against CRPS had a 56.9% efficiency in reducing painful sensation, and conservative treatments against CRPS had a 40.82% efficiency in reducing pain sensation.

Conclusion Complex regional pain syndrome is a disease that causes pain in patients and worsens the quality of life of those affected by it. The treatments are diverse, and their efficiencies vary from bad to excellent.
Avaliação do desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia na prática clínica
Authors: Silva Bruno Air Machado da , Fernandes Marcos Rassi , Pereira Edna Regina Silva
Published: April 2022

Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de residentes de ortopedia na realização de exames clínicos.

Métodos O Mini-CEX foi aplicado por três docentes em quatro momentos distintos. O instrumento foi adaptado pelos autores para uso em ortopedia, com desenvolvimento de descritores para cada habilidade avaliada. Os supervisores foram treinados pelo pesquisador principal para utilização do Mini-CEX por meio de materiais didáticos e discussões e os descritores do instrumento foram padronizados.

Resultados As pontuações médias obtidas nas quatro avaliações de cada um dos 21 residentes revelaram melhora no desempenho de todas as habilidades entre o primeiro e o quarto encontro.

Conclusões O desempenho dos residentes em ortopedia apresentou evolução satisfatória, com melhora progressiva de todas as habilidades.
Establishment of a Percutaneous Nephrostomy Service to Treat Obstructive Uropathy Secondary to Cervical Cancer in Tanzania
Authors: Rukundo Ivan , Mbuguje Erick M. , Naif Azza , Patel Manish , Laage-Gaupp Fabian , Asch Murray , Ramalingam Vijay
Published: April 2022

Background Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally. Age-standardized cervical cancer mortality is higher in East Africa than anywhere else in the world. Prior to October 2018, patients presenting with obstructive uropathy secondary to late-stage cervical cancer in Tanzania who were no longer eligible for palliative chemoradiation therapy were discharged home without intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the establishment of a percutaneous nephrostomy service in a quaternary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a resource-limited country, benefits patients who have late-stage cancer induced obstructive uropathy.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who presented with obstructive uropathy secondary to late-stage cervical cancer and have undergone percutaneous nephrostomy at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute from October 2018 to May 2021. Twenty-one interventional radiology (IR) teaching teams consisting of IR attendings, IR technologists, and nurses travelled to Tanzania from North America on monthly 2-week trips during that period. A review of preprocedural, procedural, and follow-up data was performed using Research Electronic Data Capture. Statistical analysis and comparison were performed on patients' creatinine levels preprocedure, 7 days and 30 days postprocedure.

Results Sixty-two patients qualified to be included in this study. In addition to the initial 62 nephrostomy placements, 14 follow-up procedures were performed either under visiting faculty supervision or independently by the Tanzanian IR fellows. Technical success rate was 98.7%. Complications (SIR Class A and B) occurred in eight cases. The average preprocedure creatinine (1051.48 ± 704.08µmol/L) decreased by 59% 7 days postprocedure and by 77% 30 days postintervention. Postprocedural clinical information was obtained for 28 (45.2%) patients and 18 were able to restart chemotherapy following nephrostomy.

Conclusion Prior to 2018, percutaneous nephrostomy placement was not available in Tanzania. This study presented the initial safety, technical feasibility, and clinical benefit of establishing a percutaneous nephrostomy service in such a resource-limited setting.
Addressing water scarcity in developing country contexts: a socio-cultural approach
Authors: Emile Renu , Clammer John R. , Jayaswal Palak , Sharma Paribhasha
Published: April 2022

Current conceptualizations of and approaches to scarcity tend to be economic-focused and institution driven with understated and underemphasized sociocultural dimensions. We address this lack in a socio-cultural orientation to natural resource scarcity and draw upon Vygotsky’s theorizations to do so. We rely on the existing literature and secondary sources of information to overview issues relating to water scarcity and the survival related challenges especially in developing country contexts with a specific focus on India. Although Vygotsky theorizes individual learning and development in terms of influences from more knowledgeable individuals to the less knowledgeable, he does not engage so much with how individual learning and development is tied to community interests and community development. We extend Vygotsky by incorporating a responsibilization dimension in theorizations of individual development. Neither does Vygotsky consider how a range of communication modes including traditional or non-traditional media and technology can play an enabling role in reinforcing processes of influence. We include these to further extend Vygotsky. We consider the role of elite individuals such as community leaders and others well-recognized for their socio-cultural status or specialized skills in disseminating knowledge in Vygotsky’s zones of proximal development. We emphasize the circulation of knowledge via sociocultural interactions as pertinent to raising consciousness of natural resource scarcity. We finally discuss initiatives to manage water scarcity at consumer, community and industry-consumer partnership levels. The paper broadens current understandings of scarcity and extends Vygotsky’s sociocultural theorizations in the focus on communities, the responsibilization of consumers as well as in the usage of communication modes, and suggests independent and supported consumer-driven and consumer-centered initiatives as complementary to the existing in seeking solutions to water-scarcity in developing country contexts.
Pandemic in the digital age: analyzing WhatsApp communication behavior before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Seufert Anika , Poignée Fabian , Hoßfeld Tobias , Seufert Michael
Published: April 2022

The strict restrictions introduced by the COVID-19 lockdowns, which started from March 2020, changed people’s daily lives and habits on many different levels. In this work, we investigate the impact of the lockdown on the communication behavior in the mobile instant messaging application WhatsApp. Our evaluations are based on a large dataset of 2577 private chat histories with 25,378,093 messages from 51,973 users. The analysis of the one-to-one and group conversations confirms that the lockdown severely altered the communication in WhatsApp chats compared to pre-pandemic time ranges. In particular, we observe short-term effects, which caused an increased message frequency in the first lockdown months and a shifted communication activity during the day in March and April 2020. Moreover, we also see long-term effects of the ongoing pandemic situation until February 2021, which indicate a change of communication behavior towards more regular messaging, as well as a persisting change in activity during the day. The results of our work show that even anonymized chat histories can tell us a lot about people’s behavior and especially behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are of great relevance for behavioral researchers. Furthermore, looking at the pandemic from an Internet provider perspective, these insights can be used during the next pandemic, or if the current COVID-19 situation worsens, to adapt communication networks to the changed usage behavior early on and thus avoid network congestion.
Employing metal halide perovskite to enable carbon dots-based LEDs
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2022

Using perovskite as a charge transport layer provides enough charge to power organic LEDs.
Optimizing combustion systems to mitigate thermoacoustic instabilities
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2022

Simulations capture thermoacoustic oscillations to reduce greenhouse gases, improve operation of combustors under lean fuel-air premixed conditions
Graphical construction of spatial Gibbs random graphs
Authors: Cerqueira Andressa , Garcia Nancy L.
Published: April 2022

We consider a random graph model on Zd that incorporates the interplay between the statistics of the graph and the underlying space where the vertices are located. Based on a graphical construction of the model as the invariant measure of a birth and death process, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a measure defined on graphs with vertices in Zd, which coincides with the limit along the measures over graphs with the finite vertex set. As a consequence, theoretical properties, such as exponential mixing of the infinite volume measure and central limit theorem for averages of a real-valued function of the graph, are obtained. Moreover, a perfect simulation algorithm based on the clan of ancestors is described in order to sample a finite window of the equilibrium measure defined on Zd.
Cavity-altered thermal isomerization rates and dynamical resonant localization in vibro-polaritonic chemistry
Authors: Fischer Eric W. , Anders Janet , Saalfrank Peter
Published: April 2022

It has been experimentally demonstrated that reaction rates for molecules embedded in microfluidic optical cavities are altered when compared to rates observed under “ordinary” reaction conditions. However, precise mechanisms of how strong coupling of an optical cavity mode to molecular vibrations affects the reactivity and how resonance behavior emerges are still under dispute. In the present work, we approach these mechanistic issues from the perspective of a thermal model reaction, the inversion of ammonia along the umbrella mode, in the presence of a single–cavity mode of varying frequency and coupling strength. A topological analysis of the related cavity Born–Oppenheimer potential energy surface in combination with quantum mechanical and transition state theory rate calculations reveals two quantum effects, leading to decelerated reaction rates in qualitative agreement with experiments: the stiffening of quantized modes perpendicular to the reaction path at the transition state, which reduces the number of thermally accessible reaction channels, and the broadening of the barrier region, which attenuates tunneling. We find these two effects to be very robust in a fluctuating environment, causing statistical variations of potential parameters, such as the barrier height. Furthermore, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the vibrational strong coupling regime, we identify a resonance behavior, in qualitative agreement with experimental and earlier theoretical work. The latter manifests as reduced reaction probability when the cavity frequency ωc is tuned resonant to a molecular reactant frequency. We find this effect to be based on the dynamical localization of the vibro-polaritonic wavepacket in the reactant well.
Existence and concentration of positive solutions for Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system with asymptotically linear nonlinearities
Authors: Liu Xiao-Qi , Kang Jin-Cai , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with the Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system −Δu + (λa(x) + 1)u − (2ω + ϕ)ϕu = f(x, u) in R3 and Δϕ = (ω + ϕ)u2 in R3, where u and ϕ are unknowns and f is an asymptotically linear term. We prove the existence of positive solutions based on variational methods and some analytical techniques. Furthermore, the properties of decay estimates and asymptotic behavior for the positive solution are studied here.