bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Age on Clinical and Revascularization Outcomes in the North American Solitaire Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke Registry
Authors: Castonguay Alicia C. , Zaidat Osama O. , Novakovic Roberta , Nguyen Thanh N. , Taqi M. Asif , Gupta Rishi , Sun Chung-Huan J. , Martin Coleman , Holloway William E. , Mueller-Kronast Nils , E. English Joey , Linfante Italo , Dabus Guilherme , Malisch Tim W. , Marden Franklin A. , Bozorgchami Hormozd , Xavier Andrew , Rai Ansaar T. , Froehler Michael T. , Badruddin Aamir , Abraham Michael G. , Janardhan Vallabh , Shaltoni Hashem , Yoo Albert J. , Abou-Chebl Alex , Chen Peng R. , Britz Gavin W. , Kaushal Ritesh , Nanda Ashish , A. Issa Mohammad , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

The Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy (SWIFT) and thrombectomy revascularization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke (TREVO 2) trial results demonstrated improved recanalization rates with mechanical thrombectomy; however, outcomes in the elderly population remain poorly understood. Here, we report the effect of age on clinical and angiographic outcome within the North American Solitaire-FR Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke (NASA) Registry.

Methods—

The NASA Registry recruited sites to submit data on consecutive patients treated with Solitaire-FR. Influence of age on clinical and angiographic outcomes was assessed by dichotomizing the cohort into ≤80 and >80 years of age.

Results—

Three hundred fifty-four patients underwent treatment in 24 centers; 276 patients were ≤80 years and 78 were >80 years of age. Mean age in the ≤80 and >80 cohorts was 62.2±13.2 and 85.2±3.8 years, respectively. Of patients >80 years, 27.3% had a 90-day modified Rankin Score ≤2 versus 45.4% ≤80 years (
P
=0.02). Mortality was 43.9% and 27.3% in the >80 and ≤80 years cohorts, respectively (
P
=0.01). There was no significant difference in time to revascularization, revascularization success, or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage between the groups. Multivariate analysis showed age >80 years as an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome and mortality. Within the >80 cohort, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), revascularization rate, rescue therapy use, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion—

Greater than 80 years of age is predictive of poor clinical outcome and increased mortality compared with younger patients in the NASA registry. However, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator use, lower NIHSS, and shorter revascularization time are associated with better outcomes. Further studies are needed to understand the endovascular therapy role in this cohort compared with medical therapy.
Carotid-Bulb Atypical Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Young Afro-Caribbean Patients With Stroke
Authors: Joux Julien , Chausson Nicolas , Jeannin Séverine , Saint-Vil Martine , Mejdoubi Mehdi , Hennequin Jean-Luc , Deschamps Lydia , Smadja Didier , Olindo Stéphane
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

An atypical form of fibromuscular dysplasia located in the internal carotid-bulb (CaFMD) is thought to be uncommon and is poorly described as a cause of ischemic stroke in the young. This study aimed to obtain a better description of CaFMD in Afro-Caribbean population, who could be particularly affected by it.

Methods—

This study included consecutive patients <55 years consulting at Fort-de-France University Hospital Stroke Center (Martinique, FWI) found to have CaFMD as the only cause after a comprehensive work-up. CaFMD was diagnosed when computed tomographic angiography showed a bulbar spur without calcification.

Results—

Twenty-five patients with stroke and CaFMD were identified. Computed tomographic angiography showed 2 CaFMD patterns: a thin (n=15) or thick (n=10) spur. Three patients initial computed tomographic angiography images showed a mural thrombus overlying the CaFMD. CaFMD was surgically removed from 7 of 25 and 20 of 25 patients who received antiplatelet therapy; after mean follow-up of 25.3±19.5 months, their respective recurrence rates were 0% and 30%.

Conclusions—

CaFMD could be a common condition in young Afro-Caribbeans with carotid-territory ischemic stroke. Recurrences were frequent under antiplatelet treatment, while surgical CaFMD removal seemed more effective.
Provoked Right-to-Left Shunt in Patent Foramen Ovale Associates With Ischemic Stroke in Posterior Circulation
Authors: Kim Bum Joon , Kim Na-Young , Kang Dong-Wha , Kim Jong S. , Kwon Sun U.
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

Right-to-left shunt (RLS) via the patent foramen ovale is an important cause of cryptogenic stroke. The Valsalva maneuver provokes or enhances RLS, but RLS can also occur during normal respiration. This study examined whether the ischemic lesion pattern differs depending on the character of RLS.

Methods—

All consecutive patients with a patent foramen ovale (diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography) who had a cryptogenic stroke and underwent transcranial Doppler–patent foramen ovale test (monitoring of microbubbles in the right middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler after hand-agitated saline injection) were divided according to whether RLS was constant (microbubbles detected both at baseline and after the Valsalva maneuver) or provoked (microbubbles detected only after the Valsalva maneuver). The groups were compared in terms of clinical and imaging characteristics.

Results—

Seventy-six patients met the eligibility criteria: 50 had constant RLS and 26 had provoked RLS. Provoked RLS patients were significantly younger. The ischemic lesions in provoked RLS patients were located predominantly in the vertebro-basilar circulation (73.1% versus 28.0%;
P
=0.002), whereas constant RLS patients were more likely to have multicirculatory lesions (16.0% versus 0.0%;
P
=0.045). After adjusting for confounders, provoked RLS associated independently with a vertebro-basilar lesion location (OR=3.306;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—

The predominance of posterior-circulatory infarction in provoked RLS patients suggests that the Valsalva maneuver may promote RLS and paradoxical embolization to the posterior circulation.
The “Global” Contemporary Art Canon and the Case of China
Authors: Dal Lago Francesca
Published: October 2014

This essay reviews the book Contemporary Chinese Art: Primary Documents edited by Wu Hung and published by the New York Museum of Modern Art in 2010, as part of an ongoing series aiming to introduce art critical texts produced in non-mainstream art locales to an English-speaking audience. Gathering a large number of translated critical essays, the book outlines the production of Chinese Contemporary Art since what is normally accepted as its onset in the late 1970s. This essay argues that this process of definition, legitimized by the prominent publisher of this book, amounts to a form of canonization performed at the expenses of other contemporaneous artistic forms—ink and academic painting—whose culturally and historically specific nature de facto excludes them from a concept of art globalization still largely determined and rooted by Euro-American modernism.
Code Bending: A New Creative Coding Practice
Authors: Bergstrom Ilias , Lotto R. Beau
Published: October 2014

Creative coding, or artistic creation through the medium of program instructions, is constantly gaining traction, and there is a steady stream of new resources emerging to support it. However, the question of how creative coding is carried out still deserves more attention. In what ways may the act of program development be rendered conducive to artistic creativity? As one possible answer to this question, the authors present and discuss a new creative coding practice, that of code bending, alongside examples and considerations regarding its applications.
Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
Authors: Vermeulen Jaap J. , Phelps Jacob , Thavipoke Patana
Published: October 2014

Bulbophyllum anodon (section Brachystachyae) and B. dasystachys (section Hirtula) are described. Bulbophyllum cylindraceum is newly recorded for Thailand. Bulbophyllum dhaninivatii and B. tripaleum (section Lemniscatae) are synonymized. Notably, all specimens discussed in this paper first came to scientific attention via illegal trade. Although many new species have emerged as a result of commercial ventures, it is alarming that contemporary orchidological discovery in some regions continues to be driven by trade. We briefly discuss the tensions associated with describing new species discovered via illegal trade, including some of the associated scientific and moral implications.
Asarum ampulliflorum (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chang-Tse , Wang Jenn-Che
Published: October 2014

Asarum ampulliflorum Lu & Wang, sp. nov. (Aristolochiaceae), collected from Taiwan, is described and illustrated here. Asarum ampulliflorum is similar to A. asaroides (Morr. & Decne.) F. Maekawa in appearance but can be differentiated from the latter by leaf length equal to width (vs. length longer or shorter than width), perianth tube smaller (8.7–11.7 mm × 13.8–18.1 mm vs. 20.0–25.0 mm × 25.0–30.0 mm) and more compressed (ratio of the perianth tube length to the diam. at the widest points of tube 0.62−0.66 vs. 0.80−0.83), and limb lobe nearly as long as perianth tube (vs. shorter than perianth tube). We have compared the species with similar species in Taiwan and east Asia and have provided an artificial taxonomic key for A. ampulliflorum and related species.
Tillandsia religiosa, a new species from the state of Morelos, México
Authors: Hernández-Cárdenas Rodrigo , GONZÁLEZ-ROCHA EDITH , ESPEJO-SERNA Adolfo , LÓPEZ-FERRARI ANA ROSA , CERROS-TLATILPA ROSA , EHLERS RENATE
Published: October 2014

Tillandsia religiosa Hern.-Cárdenas, González-Rocha, Espejo, López-Ferr., Cerros & Ehlers, a new species from Morelos, Mexico is described and illustrated. The new species is compared to taxa with similar characteristics, T. taxcoensis Ehlers, T. thyrsigera E. Morren ex Baker and T. superinsignis Matuda. Images and a distribution map of the new taxon are included.
Encyonema appalachianum (Bacillariophyta, Cymbellaceae), a new species from Western Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Potapova Marina
Published: October 2014

A new species of Encyonema was found in several rivers and reservoirs in Western Pennsylvania, USA, in 2013. The new species, E. appalachianum, has only very slightly dorsiventral valves, which is one of the characters separating the genus Encyonopsis from Encyonema. On the other hand, the long, sharply bent terminal raphe fissures and lateral raphe indicate that it should be placed in Encyonema. Some valves with occasionally biseriate striae have been observed in the type population of the new species. The finding of this species that apparently combines features of both Encyonema and Encyonopsis highlights the problem of poorly defined boundaries between some genera of cymbelloid diatoms.
Dominance of the Southern Ocean in Anthropogenic Carbon and Heat Uptake in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Frölicher Thomas L. , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Paynter David J. , Dunne John P. , Krasting John P. , Winton Michael
Published: October 2014

The authors assess the uptake, transport, and storage of oceanic anthropogenic carbon and heat over the period 1861–2005 in a new set of coupled carbon–climate Earth system models conducted for the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), with a particular focus on the Southern Ocean. Simulations show that the Southern Ocean south of 30°S, occupying 30% of global surface ocean area, accounts for 43% ± 3% (42 ± 5 Pg C) of anthropogenic CO2 and 75% ± 22% (23 ± 9 × 1022 J) of heat uptake by the ocean over the historical period. Northward transport out of the Southern Ocean is vigorous, reducing the storage to 33 ± 6 Pg anthropogenic carbon and 12 ± 7 × 1022 J heat in the region. The CMIP5 models, as a class, tend to underestimate the observation-based global anthropogenic carbon storage but simulate trends in global ocean heat storage over the last 50 years within uncertainties of observation-based estimates. CMIP5 models suggest global and Southern Ocean CO2 uptake have been largely unaffected by recent climate variability and change. Anthropogenic carbon and heat storage show a common broad-scale pattern of change, but ocean heat storage is more structured than ocean carbon storage. The results highlight the significance of the Southern Ocean for the global climate and as the region where models differ the most in representation of anthropogenic CO2 and, in particular, heat uptake.
Continuum Power CCA: A Unified Approach for Isolating Coupled Modes
Authors: Swenson Erik
Published: October 2014

Various multivariate statistical methods exist for analyzing covariance and isolating linear relationships between datasets. The most popular linear methods are based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and include canonical correlation analysis (CCA), maximum covariance analysis (MCA), and redundancy analysis (RDA). In this study, continuum power CCA (CPCCA) is introduced as one extension of continuum power regression for isolating pairs of coupled patterns whose temporal variation maximizes the squared covariance between partially whitened variables. Similar to the whitening transformation, the partial whitening transformation acts to decorrelate individual variables but only to a partial degree with the added benefit of preconditioning sample covariance matrices prior to inversion, providing a more accurate estimate of the population covariance. CPCCA is a unified approach in the sense that the full range of solutions bridges CCA, MCA, RDA, and principal component regression (PCR). Recommended CPCCA solutions include a regularization for CCA, a variance bias correction for MCA, and a regularization for RDA. Applied to synthetic data samples, such solutions yield relatively higher skill in isolating known coupled modes embedded in noise. Provided with some crude prior expectation of the signal-to-noise ratio, the use of asymmetric CPCCA solutions may be justifiable and beneficial. An objective parameter choice is offered for regularization with CPCCA based on the covariance estimate of O. Ledoit and M. Wolf, and the results are quite robust. CPCCA is encouraged for a range of applications.
Rapid Generation of Upwelling at a Shelf Break Caused by Buoyancy Shutdown
Authors: Benthuysen Jessica , Thomas Leif N. , Lentz Steven J.
Published: October 2014

Model analyses of an alongshelf flow over a continental shelf and slope reveal upwelling near the shelf break. A stratified, initially uniform, alongshelf flow undergoes a rapid adjustment with notable differences onshore and offshore of the shelf break. Over the shelf, a bottom boundary layer and an offshore bottom Ekman transport develop within an inertial period. Over the slope, the bottom offshore transport is reduced from the shelf’s bottom transport by two processes. First, advection of buoyancy downslope induces vertical mixing, destratifying, and thickening the bottom boundary layer. The downward-tilting isopycnals reduce the geostrophic speed near the bottom. The reduced bottom stress weakens the offshore Ekman transport, a process known as buoyancy shutdown of the Ekman transport. Second, the thickening bottom boundary layer and weakening near-bottom speeds are balanced by an upslope ageostrophic transport. The convergence in the bottom transport induces adiabatic upwelling offshore of the shelf break. For a time period after the initial adjustment, scalings are identified for the upwelling speed and the length scale over which it occurs. Numerical experiments are used to test the scalings for a range of initial speeds and stratifications. Upwelling occurs within an inertial period, reaching values of up to 10 m day−1 within 2 to 7 km offshore of the shelf break. Upwelling drives an interior secondary circulation that accelerates the alongshelf flow over the slope, forming a shelfbreak jet. The model results are compared with upwelling estimates from other models and observations near the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf break.
Management of Chronic Laryngopharyngeal Neuropathy in the United States and Europe
Authors: DePietro Joseph D. , Jang Minyoung , Sjogren Elisabeth V. , Dikkers Frederik G. , Cohen Seth M. , Noordzij J. Pieter
Published: October 2014

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze differences in the evaluation of laryngopharyngeal neuropathy by laryngologists in the United States and Europe.

Methods:

Members of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and the European Laryngological Society (ELS) were surveyed. Questionnaires were emailed to all 179 members of the ALA and all 324 members of the ELS.

Results:

Of the ALA members surveyed, 40 (23.3%) responded, compared to 72 members (22.2%) of the ELS group. Of the ALA respondents, 79.5% identified laryngology as their primary area of practice, whereas 56.9% of ELS respondents identified devoting more than 50% of their practice to laryngology. Of ELS laryngologists, 81.1% received training in laryngology or associated subspecialties. For diagnosing laryngopharyngeal neuropathy, the average comfort level on the Likert scale was significantly greater for ALA members than ELS members ( P < .01). Furthermore, ALA laryngologists were less likely to consider laryngopharyngeal reflux as an overdiagnosed condition compared to ELS laryngologists ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Laryngologists in the United States and Europe vary significantly in their familiarity with laryngopharyngeal neuropathy. This could reflect either differences in awareness concerning this condition or a more critical perspective of European providers regarding the chronic laryngopharyngeal neuropathy (CLPN) diagnosis. As CLPN is still lacking definitive proof, the addition of European researchers could aid in validating CLPN and determining its overall effect on the chronic cough population.
Intraoperative Narrow Band Imaging Better Delineates Superficial Resection Margins During Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Garofolo Sabrina , Piazza Cesare , Del Bon Francesca , Mangili Stefano , Guastini Luca , Mora Francesco , Nicolai Piero , Peretti Giorgio
Published: October 2014

Objective:

The high rate of positive margins after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) remains a matter of debate. This study investigates the effect of intraoperative narrow band imaging (NBI) examination on the incidence of positive superficial surgical margins in early glottic cancer treated by TLM.

Methods:

Between January 2012 and October 2013, 82 patients affected by Tis-T1a glottic cancer were treated with TLM by type I or II cordectomies. Intraoperative NBI evaluation was performed using 0-degree and 70-degree rigid telescopes. Surgical specimens were oriented by marking the superior edge with black ink and sent to a dedicated pathologist. Comparison between the rate of positive superficial margins in the present cohort and in a matched historical control group treated in the same way without intraoperative NBI was calculated by chi-square test.

Results:

At histopathological examination, all surgical margins were negative in 70 patients, whereas 7 had positive deep margins, 2 close, and 3 positive superficial margins. The rate of positive superficial margins was thus 3.6% in the present group and 23.7% in the control cohort ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Routine use of intraoperative NBI increases the accuracy of neoplastic superficial spreading evaluation during TLM for early glottic cancer.
The Impact of United States v. Booker and Gall/Kimbrough v. United States on Sentence Severity
Authors: Kim Byungbae , Cano Mario V. , Kim KiDeuk , Spohn Cassia
Published: October 2014

In the wake of United States v. Booker and Gall/Kimbrough v. United States, sentencing researchers and legal scholars conducted research designed to identify their impact on the federal sentencing process, with a focus on determining whether the decisions increased unwarranted disparity. In this article, we extend this body of research. Using 10 years of data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission and data from other sources, we assess whether and how these decisions influence sentence severity. Results indicate that sentence severity declined following Booker and, especially, Gall/Kimbrough, but that the decisions’ effects on sentence severity varied significantly across U.S. District Courts. Most importantly, the impact of Gall/Kimbrough sentence severity was conditioned by districts’ percent Black population, level of socioeconomic disadvantage, and degree of political conservatism; each of these factors moderated the decisions’ effects on the harshness of the sentences imposed by the districts’ judges.
Subjective well-being in adolescence and teacher connectedness: A health asset analysis
Authors: García-Moya Irene , Brooks Fiona , Morgan Antony , Moreno Carmen
Published: October 2014

Objectives:

Teacher connectedness is an important factor for young people’s well-being. The aim of this paper was to examine teacher connectedness in detail and its potential association with emotional well-being. More specifically, we set out to analyse whether teacher connectedness acted as a universal asset for boys and girls of different ages and countries as well as across adolescents with differing perceptions of their performance at school.

Methods:

The study sample consisted of 9,444 young people aged 11, 13 and 15 years who had taken part in the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative survey Health Behaviour in School-aged Children in Spain and England. After examining differences in teacher connectedness associated with demographic factors, we used general linear models to analyse the relationship between teacher connectedness and emotional well-being (including interaction teacher connectedness by country) across different age and performance-derived groups.

Results:

Results indicated some significant differences in teacher connectedness associated with age, country and perceived performance, but a consistent positive association between teacher connectedness and emotional well-being regardless of demographic factors, country and perceptions of school performance. Older adolescents and low achievers reported lower level of connectedness to their teachers, but the association between teacher connectedness and emotional well-being operated irrespective of adolescents’ age and perceived performance at school.

Conclusion:

Results support the perspective that teacher connectedness can act as a significant health asset that operates irrespective of key demographic factors, while they point to some inequalities in teacher connectedness associated with age and performance at school. These findings have significant implications for health promotion interventions.
Mechanical properties of microwave cured glass fibre epoxy composites prepared by resin transfer moulding
Authors: Maenz Stefan , Mühlstädt Mike , Jandt Klaus D , Bossert Jörg
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to significantly reduce the curing time for glass fibre epoxy composites in industrial relevant dimensions without worsening of the mechanical properties. With the combination of microwave heating and resin transfer moulding (RTM), the time between filling the mould and demoulding the samples was reduced to only 1 h and 15 min compared to at least 6 h for conventional curing of the same material. Based on the different dielectric losses of cured and uncured resin a pulsed microwave process was developed. In this way homogenously cured samples were obtained. Tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and Charpy impact strength of microwave cured samples were compared to conventionally cured samples. No statistically significant differences were found. Thus, microwave curing shows a high potential to improve the efficiency of fibre composite production while maintaining the mechanical properties.
The emergency physician’s assessment of suicide risk in intentional self-poisoning using the modified SAD PERSONS scale versus standard psychiatric evaluation in a general hospital in South India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chandramouleeswaran Susmita , Edwin Natasha Catherine , Victor Peter John , Tharyan Prathap
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The reliable identification, by emergency physicians, of those with intentional self-poisoning at risk of repeating attempts is crucial, particularly in countries with a shortfall of mental health professionals.

Methods

This cross-sectional study of intentional self-poisoning in India compared an emergency physician’s assessment for the need for psychiatric referral, using the modified SAD PERSONS Scale (MSPS) as an interview guide, with a standard psychiatric interview.

Results

In 67 consecutive adults with intentional self-poisoning, MSPS cut-off scores of 5 or more best approximated psychiatric assessments for the need for psychiatric referral (positive likelihood ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–10.2; negative likelihood ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.8).

Conclusions

MSPS-guided emergency physicians’ assessments after self-poisoning showed modest concordance with psychiatric assessments of suicide-risk. Concordance with psychiatric assessments may improve if risk factors prevalent in different settings are identified and incorporated in the MSPS.
Narcissism, Low Self-Control, and Violence Among a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Larson Matthew , Vaughn Michael G. , Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Delisi Matt
Published: October 2014

A growing body of evidence has highlighted the relationship between narcissism and violence. Importantly, however, the predominance of this evidence comes from experimental tests or small-scale samples that most often overlook the contribution of low self-control to explicating the relationship. The present study refers to the National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to assess narcissism, low self-control, and violence among a nationally representative sample. Using Latent Class Analyses (LCA), four classes of individuals are identified, and multinomial regression models indicate that narcissism and low self-control are associated with a range of violent acts among these groups. Most importantly, results show that the class of individuals that is high in narcissism and deficient in self-control is far and away the most prone to violence. Together, these findings lend important nationally representative support to recent experimental and meta-analytical conclusions suggesting that the co-occurrence of narcissism and low self-control has significant implications for our understanding of violence. Limitations of this study and avenues for future research are discussed.
Revolutionizing the Tragic City
Authors: Clarke Nathan
Published: October 2014

This article studies how the Peruvian government reacted to the massive May 31, 1970, earthquake in the country’s leading fishing port and the home to its only steel mill. While earthquake did not damage the boomtown of Chimbote like it did the highlands, the progressive, antioligarchical military government seized on the destruction of the earthquake to assert power in ways it could not have exercised before. The generals set out to remake Chimbote in their image, preparing a nine-volume, two-thousand-page plan that would convert the port into an industrial paradise. While this plan proved too ambitious for a crumbling (politically, socially, and economically) Revolutionary Government, their plans exemplify the role of creative destruction and its limitations. The earthquake provided the generals with their only opportunity to get Chimbote’s growth under control and to implement their ideas of creating a progressive and participationist Peru. The plan’s collapse, much like the revolutionary government itself, left Chimbote as a city of failed aspirations.
Effects of Resource Availability on Social Exchange Relationships: The Case of Employee Psychological Contract Obligations
Authors: Bordia Prashant , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Bordia Sarbari , Tang Robert L.
Published: October 2014

Applications of social exchange theory in organizational research have tended to ignore the resource context and its impact on a focal dyadic social exchange. Integrating insights from the social exchange theory and the conservation of resources theory, we examine the role of resource availability in the social exchange of resources. The type of social exchange we focus on is the psychological contract. Specifically, we examine the antecedents and consequence of breach of employee obligations to an employer. We test our predictions using multisource data obtained from employees over three measurement periods in Sample 1 and matched triads (employee, supervisor, and coworker) in Sample 2. We found that family–work conflict (FWC) and breach of employer obligations are positively, while conscientiousness is negatively, related to employees’ perceptions of breach of their obligations. Conscientiousness moderated the FWC–breach relationship: Employees low on conscientiousness have a stronger positive relationship between FWC and breach of employee obligations. Breach of employee obligations is, in turn, negatively related to employee career progression (a job promotion over the following year in Sample 1 and supervisor-rated promotability in Sample 2). Findings highlight the interconnected nature of demands, resources, and obligations and that dyadic social exchange obligations should be examined in the context of other demands.
Attitudes Toward Tbilisi- and Mingrelian-Accented Georgian Among Georgian Youth
Authors: Dragojevic Marko , Berglund Christofer , Blauvelt Timothy K.
Published: October 2014

Two matched-guise studies examined language attitudes among Georgian youth toward two varieties of spoken Georgian: Tbilisi-accented Georgian (standard variety) and Mingrelian-accented Georgian (nonstandard variety). Study 1, conducted in Tbilisi, found that listeners ( N = 106) attributed more status and solidarity to the standard variety, regardless of self-reported regional identity (Tbilisieli, Mingrelian, other). Study 2, conducted in Samegrelo, found that self-identified Mingrelians ( N = 96) attributed more status and solidarity to the standard variety, regardless of language use at home. Together, these findings suggest that Mingrelians may be undergoing a generational shift in their language attitudes in favor of linguistic homogenization.
Don’t Keep It (Too) Simple
Authors: Winter Stephan , Krämer Nicole C. , Rösner Leonie , Neubaum German
Published: October 2014

This research investigated the question of how laypersons are influenced by textual representations of scientific uncertainty. In an online experiment ( N = 78), a blog article about effects of computer games on children was presented in four different versions. Each version contained three arguments on negative effects that were either phrased neutrally, contained assertive statements, or included hedges. The fourth version contained an additional argument on positive effects of computer games (two-sided). In comparison with the basic one-sided version, the two-sided text led to a more moderate attitude toward the topic. According to moderation analyses, this difference was mainly based on readers with more advanced epistemological beliefs and with a higher need for cognition, who were more strongly affected by a two-sided presentation of evidence. The assertive version was less effective than the basic version, suggesting that recipients were skeptical when statements were presented as overly certain.
Evaluation of a Youth-Led Program for Preventing Bullying, Sexual Harassment, and Dating Aggression in Middle Schools
Authors: Connolly Jennifer , Josephson Wendy , Schnoll Jessica , Simkins-Strong Emily , Pepler Debra , MacPherson Alison , Weiser Jessica , Moran Michelle , Jiang Depeng
Published: October 2014

Although youth-led programs (YLP) have been successful in many areas of public health, youth leadership is rarely used in the prevention of peer aggression. A YLP to reduce bullying, sexual harassment, and dating aggression was compared experimentally with the board-mandated usual practice (UP). Four middle schools in an urban Canadian school division were randomly assigned to a YLP or to UP programs led by adults. Knowledge, attitudes, victimization, and emotional school adjustment (anxiety and school connectedness) were assessed in the fall (pretest) and spring (posttest) among 509 Grades 7 and 8 students (51.4% female, [Formula: see text] age = 12.37). Significant improvements were found in knowledge and attitudes in both programs. Students receiving the YLP showed significant reductions in anxiety and maintained their school connectedness (all ps < .05). The results suggest that youth-led prevention is an effective approach for tackling peer aggression in school settings.
Fatal Canid Herpesvirus 1 Respiratory Infections in 4 Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs
Authors: Kumar S. , Driskell E. A. , Cooley A. J. , Jia K. , Blackmon S. , Wan X.-F. , Uhl E. W. , Saliki J. T. , Sanchez S. , Krimer P. M. , Hogan R. J.
Published: October 2014

Four healthy adult dogs (Golden Retrievers aged 6 years and 9 years, Dalmatian aged 13 years, and Mastiff aged 5 years) developed clinical signs of acute respiratory disease and died within 2 to 7 days of onset of clinical signs. The lungs of the 3 dogs submitted for necropsy were diffusely and severely reddened due to hyperemia and hemorrhage. Microscopic lesions in all dogs were suggestive of acute viral or toxic respiratory damage and varied from acute severe fibrinonecrotic or hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia to fibrinous or necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Necropsied dogs also had hemorrhagic rhinitis and tracheitis with necrosis. Virus isolation, transmission electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the presence of canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the lung samples of these dogs. Lung tissues were negative for influenza A virus, canine distemper virus, canine parainfluenza virus, canine respiratory coronavirus, and canine adenovirus 2. Canid herpesvirus 1 has been isolated from cases of acute infectious respiratory disease in dogs but has only rarely been associated with fatal primary viral pneumonia in adult dogs. The cases in the current report document lesions observed in association with CaHV-1 in 4 cases of fatal canine herpesvirus pneumonia in adult dogs.
Analysis of “Hidden Lesions” of the Extra-articular Biceps After Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Moon Seong Cheol , Cho Nam Su , Rhee Yong Girl
Published: October 2014

Background:

In biceps tenodesis for intra-articular tears, determining the distal extension of the lesions through the biceps groove is important in choosing the optimal tenodesis site.

Purpose:

To determine the optimal tenodesis site by analyzing the extension and delamination of an extra-articular lesion, or a “hidden lesion,” in the retrieved biceps after subpectoral biceps tenodesis.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 36 subpectoral tenodeses were performed, and the retrieved biceps were analyzed. The biceps lesions were divided into zones according to their location as follows: the proximal intra-articular (zone A), middle intragroove (zone B), and distal extra-articular portions (zone C); the lesions in zones B and C were called “hidden lesions.” The length and delamination depth of the biceps tears were examined, and the severity of the accompanying tenosynovitis and degeneration was assessed.

Results:

Tears invaded zone B in all the cases and extended to zone C in 28 cases (77.8%). Tenosynovitis was observed along the tear in 28 cases (77.8%) and extended to zone C in 26 cases (72.2%). The mean tear length in the hidden lesions, including the tear and tenosynovitis, was 34.2 mm. Degenerative changes in the proximal intra-articular and middle intragroove portions were observed in all the cases and up to the distal extra-articular portion in 29 cases (80.6%).

Conclusion:

In approximately 80% of the intra-articular biceps tears evaluated in this study, a “hidden lesion” was observed going beyond the bicipital groove and extending to the distal extra-articular portion. Therefore, the subpectoral portion may be considered the optimal tenodesis site for the complete removal of all hidden biceps lesions.
Body Satisfaction as Antecedent to Virtual Product Experience in an Online Apparel Shopping Context
Authors: Yu Ui-Jeen , Damhorst Mary Lynn
Published: October 2014

Body satisfaction, largely ignored in studies of online shopping for body-involved products, was examined as an antecedent variable to the virtual product experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate how body satisfaction relates to the virtual product experience and attitudinal and behavioral intentions in the body-absent, online apparel shopping environment. Data were collected through a Web-based survey, and 403 female students from a Midwestern university in the U.S. responded. Findings from structural equation modeling showed that participants with higher body satisfaction tended to perceive more enjoyment of the virtual product experience in online apparel shopping, which helped them to facilitate more positive attitude toward products and increase online purchase intention. Results indicate that body satisfaction shapes enjoyment of the virtual product experience and leads to individual differences in online apparel shopping. Managerial implications to improve virtual product experience-related strategies in online apparel shopping are proposed.
The three-point bending and tribological properties of surface-treated poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene composite
Authors: Li Jia , Li Sha , Ye Tao , Di Yang , Jianguo Zhang
Published: October 2014

The surface treatment of poly( p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber is to improve the interfacial adhesion of the PBO fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated PBO fiber were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interfacial shear strength between HDPE and PBO fiber was analyzed by measuring three-point bending properties of the composite. TPB exhibited different results due to the PBO fiber surface treatment. The results showed that the treatment of PBO fiber improved the interfacial adhesion as compared to the untreated one. The effects of PBO fiber content on tribological properties of the HDPE composites were investigated. The worn surface morphologies of HDPE composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the wear mechanisms were discussed. Results show that all treated PBO/HDPE have superior tribological characteristics to unfilled ones.
How Chinese labour NGOs legitimize their identity and voice
Authors: Gleiss Marielle Stigum
Published: October 2014

This article analyses the legitimation strategies of Chinese labour non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Given the relative newness of NGOs as an organizational form in China and the precarious space they operate in, their survival and development are not primarily a question of establishing autonomy and avoiding state control, as emphasized in the literature on Chinese associations, but rather a question of being perceived as legitimate social actors. This article conceptualizes legitimation as a form of communication in which NGOs articulate discursive elements in specific ways in order to legitimize their identity and voice. Drawing on interviews with 15 labour NGOs working with migrant workers, the article identifies three aspects of NGOs’ legitimation work. First, the NGOs construct their identity and work as social and not political in nature, thus underscoring that they are non-governmental and not anti-governmental organizations. Second, the NGOs give voice to, or represent, migrant workers and their interests by engaging in different forms of advocacy. Third, the NGOs legitimize their voice by referring to their proximity to workers at the grass roots and their specialist knowledge about migrant workers’ living and working conditions. In conclusion, the article argues that issues of power and discourse should be brought into the study of NGOs’ legitimation work.
Reassessing the Dream-Vision of the Vision of Amram (4Q543–547)
Authors: Jurgens Blake Alan
Published: October 2014

The Vision of Amram has been interpreted by many as a prime example of dualistic theology, portraying two ostensibly antagonistic figures contending over having authority over the person of Amram. This study pushes against this interpretation and instead recontextualizes Amram's otherworldly experience with a greater emphasis on both the surrounding episodes of the composition as well as the identification of Melchizedek—a figure with intricate ties to priestly legitimacy—as the oppositionary figure up against the ominous Melchiresha in the dream-vision. In this fashion, this study concludes that the dream-vision of Amram represents an either–or choice in which the protagonist is required to choose between a legitimate or a corrupted priesthood. Moreover, Amram's vision thus stands as a metaphorical depiction of an underlying historical conflict between two priestly groups, an image which the latter Qumranites certainly reappropriated to their own historical situation.
Detection and analysis of chatter occurrence in micro-milling process
Authors: Li Huaizhong , Jing Xiubing , Wang Jun
Published: October 2014

An experimental study to understand the characteristics related to chatter occurrence in micro-milling operations is presented. Accelerometers are used to measure the vibration signals in the machining process. The acceleration signals are then analysed in the time domain and the frequency domain. Along with the onset of chatter, it is found that there is a characteristic shift of the dominant frequency components in addition to the change of vibration amplitude. A modulation of the spindle frequency around the chatter frequency is also found to be present in the vibration signal. A dimensionless chatter indicator based on revolution root-mean-square values is designed and used to evaluate the stability of the micro-milling process. It is shown that the proposed indicator provides a simple, but effective way to detect chatter onset.
A multiple-case assessment of product-service system leanness in UK manufacturing companies
Authors: Elnadi Moustafa , Shehab Essam
Published: October 2014

Nowadays, manufacturing companies are moving towards lean practices and product-service system to develop their competitive ability. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative model to assess product-service system leanness incorporated with validating the model via three real-life case studies across various industries, thus improving the practical validity and relevance of the model. The model comprises three levels, namely, enablers, criteria and attributes. The first level contains five enablers, in the second level there are 21 criteria and finally the third level consists of 73 attributes. The development of the model was carried out through an iterative process. Starting from the literature review, going through semi-structured interviews with academic researchers involved in lean projects and ended with semi-structured interviews with a number of experts in the field of lean from five UK manufacturing companies. The model was validated by applying the model to compute the product-service system leanness level for three UK manufacturing companies and identifying areas for further improvement for these companies. The results indicate that the model is able to assess product-service system leanness level effectively and has a practical relevance.
Empowered victims? Women’s contradictory positions in the discourse of violence prevention
Authors: Frazier Kathryn E , Falmagne Rachel Joffe
Published: October 2014

Violence against women is a salient outcome of systemic gender inequality across the globe. In the US, the societal discourse of violence prevention simultaneously frames women in positions of victimhood and of empowerment. This study investigates the ways women draw upon these contradictory constructions in their meaning-making and practices related to violence prevention. Twenty women aged 18–62 discussed their experiences of risk and safety around an urban university campus in an in-depth interview. Women’s selective appropriation of victim and empowerment scripts produced multiple and tension-filled constructions of risk, in ways inflected by gender, ‘race,’ class, sexuality, and age. Themes included the endorsement of a “safety checklist” that functioned to construct women’s risk as unmanageable and victimhood as inevitable; complex generational differences in women’s willingness to identify fears of gendered bodily harm as legitimate and in the ways they did so; and the creation and maintenance of imagined communities of safety and danger, implicitly inflected by ‘race’ and class.
Investigating the role of angiogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu J , Wang X , Yang X , Yan Q , Wang S , Han W
Published: October 2014

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the roles of six pro-angiogenic factors, namely, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

A group of 75 patients with SLE and a control group of 40 healthy volunteers were recruited. Angiogenic factors were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurement. The angiogenic activities of the patients with SLE and the healthy controls were assessed and a correlation analysis of these angiogenic factors was conducted.

Results

A much higher level of angiogenic activity was shown in the serum of patients with SLE than that of the healthy controls, yet no statistically significant difference was found in the angiogenic activities of active SLE and inactive SLE. Serum VEGF level in the active SLE group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the inactive SLE group, and serum HGF level was strongly positively correlated with VEGF in all SLE groups; meanwhile, there was also a statistically significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha and VEGF in all SLE groups. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum VEGF level and bFGF level in the active SLE group. There was a slightly negative correlation between serum HGF level and TGF-beta level in the SLE group, but this negativity did not reach the significance level. Likewise, positive correlation was also shown in the serum VEGF level and PlGF level, yet not in bFGF with PlGF.

Conclusion

Circulating serum angiogenic cytokines may be disease markers of SLE activity. Anti-angiogenic agents such as thalidomide and endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors such as endostatin are potentially effective and promising therapies in the treatment of SLE.