bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using social media to drive metadata optimisation
Authors: Buckley Christian
Published: July 2024

At their core, all enterprise collaboration systems, web content management systems and social networks serve the same fundamental purpose: the sharing of information between teams and of providing new ways for them to connect. A key failure of most organisations is in the ongoing management of metadata taxonomies after deployment. Many companies treat taxonomy creation as a static activity, building out their platform and related taxonomy once, deploying it to the organisation and then moving on to the next project. What happens is that the organisation is slow to adopt the new tools and processes. They cut corners around the application of metadata. They do not implement governance policies. As a result, the relevance of the original taxonomy diminishes, making the system more difficult to use. In the evolution of the enterprise application, social computing is quickly becoming the de facto method for search. The most difficult part of building any social computing strategy is translating end user requirements into achievable and measurable actions that help to meet business objectives. End users want the technology to fit the way they work. The trick is to deliver what they want in a way that makes sense to the business and can be tracked and measured. The key to making social computing work — and for helping end users collaborate, connect with each other and, ultimately, find the content they need to be successful — is managing the metadata.
Back to the future: The changing nature of securities service provision
Authors: Scott Rob
Published: July 2024

An old and well-worn joke has a driver stopping to ask for directions and being told: ‘I wouldn’t start from here’. This paper will explore how adversity, both present and historical, can offer securities services providers an opportunity for cost reduction and business growth through selective partnership and collaboration.
An analysis of the legal impact of central bank digital currency on the European payments landscape
Authors: Fonseca Gisela
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the legal impact of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) on the European payments landscape. It opens with a discussion about the concept of money, its functions and the underlying theories. The analysis then discusses the concept of CBDCs and the various types of CBDC that are currently being advanced. The paper questions whether adoption of a pan-European CBDC would require a harmonised approach, or whether national solutions alone could suffice. The paper describes the legal aspects of the European payments landscape that would need to be adjusted in order to settle CBDC transactions without posing risks to payment system participants. The paper concludes by suggesting that this new form of money could broaden the discussions surrounding the institutional theory of money, and that a more cautious approach to the subject would be more likely to incline the European legislator to consider amendments to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks, should any decision be taken to embrace a CBDC.
Managing differences in economic and regulatory capital: An examination of return of equity (ROE) maximising strategies
Authors: Ozdemir Bogie , Cubukgil Evren
Published: July 2024

As per their internal capital adequacy assessment process (ICAAP) and own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA) frameworks, financial institutions (FIs) are subject to both regulatory capital (RC) and economic capital (EC) requirements, the maximum of which becomes the binding constraint, determining the minimum amount of available capital the FI needs to hold. This paper examines alternative strategies and dynamics of the relative RC and EC relationship as FIs seek to maximise return on equity (ROE). The paper shows that EC remains relevant even in cases where RC requirements are higher on aggregate. Under such circumstances FIs are incentivised to ‘dial up’ economic risk by expanding businesses that consume more EC than RC or by divesting businesses consuming more RC than EC in order to enhance ROE. It is explicitly shown that dialling up economic risk lifts up return on EC, boosting ROE. As these opportunities are arbitraged away, EC and RC requirements will tend to converge over time. These strategies, while improving ROE, come at an economic cost. While improving ROE in the short run, low return on EC business may need to be acquired or high return on EC business may need to be divested. The higher the RC relative to EC on aggregate, the higher the potential economic cost. Both the FIs and regulators should prefer EC being the binding constraint on aggregate, supported by strong ICAAP and ORSA frameworks.
From protective intelligence to threat assessment: Strategies critical to preventing targeted violence and the active shooter
Authors: Doherty Matthew
Published: July 2024

Acts of targeted violence — including active shooter incidents — are typically over within 15 minutes, often before the first law enforcement personnel can respond to the scene. More than a third of active shooter incidents in the USA, for example, last less than five minutes. While this stark fact is often used, with unimpeachable validity, as the cornerstone of employee security awareness training and the need for each employee to make a quick decision on whether to run, hide or fight, it also underscores the importance of another critical priority: prevention. This paper focuses on several of the most effective strategies and tactics — increasingly used across the USA, but applicable all over the world — in preventing an act of targeted violence or active shooter event. It starts with a brief discussion of the common roadblocks to prevention within enterprises today as well as the warning signs that can reveal an individual’s path toward an act of violence. Next, it defines targeted violence and summarises patterns that research has helped uncover with respect to attackers’ backgrounds, motives and target selection. This paper also outlines the crucial role played by protective intelligence and threat assessment protocols and provides several case studies to illustrate key concepts in real-world applications. Finally, this discussion points to several emerging trends in the USA and Europe, among other regions — such as radicalisation within the workforce — that are likely to continue to mature in 2016 and the years ahead.
Building the company brand: Connecting CSR to the business
Authors: Mccormick Andy
Published: July 2024

Successful companies are realising the strategic business benefit of corporate social responsibility (CSR), from learning to mitigate long-term risks affecting their industries to building a socially-responsible corporate brand, which is a valuable intangible asset. Consumers are increasingly counting on companies to provide for the greater good, and they are willing to reward companies who are doing so with their purchasing power. This paper explores how CSR initiatives can contribute to a company's competitive advantage through discussion of The Hershey Company's innovative programme, CocoaLink: Connecting Cocoa Communities. CocoaLink is a first-of-its-kind programme, which harnesses mobile technology to deliver agricultural and social messages to rural Ghanaian cocoa farmers and their families, giving them the knowledge to improve their livelihoods. Corporate giving is changing from solely writing a cheque to creating programmes that leverage a company's core competencies. Businesses bring specific expertise to addressing social issues, which, in partnership with governments and non-profits, can be particularly effective. This paper will outline how the CocoaLink programme has been built through collaborative partnerships, and provide key lessons that have emerged from the creation and implementation of this West African social programme.
Protocol analysis and vulnerabilities of Cisco’s autonomic network
Authors: Eissa Omar
Published: July 2024

Autonomic systems are smart independent systems that do not need human intervention to operate. These systems are implemented to manage themselves; they should be self-configured, self-secured against malicious attacks, self-healing in terms of the ability to survive interrupted processes and self-optimised. One form of these systems is the Autonomic Network (AN) developed by IETF and deployed on Cisco systems. The main goal of this work is to analyse the autonomic networking protocol from a malicious attacker’s perspective, then use this analysis to find vulnerabilities within the protocol to gain unauthorised access into the network or hinder its performance. In the course of this work, five different vulnerabilities will be presented, one of which allows systems to crash remotely by knowing their IPv6 address.
Pricing and proposition testing in subscription economies
Authors: Fosker Natasha , Cheung Benny
Published: July 2024

As the subscription model continues to grow in popularity across diverse markets, this paper addresses three important issues in understanding the so-called subscription economy: (1) its prevalence; (2) the price sensitivity of different subscription types; and (3) whether promotional tactics can drive customer acquisition and retention. In addressing market prevalence, this paper reveals that 83 per cent of UK adults hold at least one type of subscription, with the most popular categories being service (71 per cent) and content (62 per cent), and the least popular being product subscriptions (30 per cent). Using the Behaviourlab platform, this paper finds all subscription industries are heavily price-driven; music and gym subscriptions are most price elastic of those tested, with price changes having double the impact on customer acquisition compared with other industries. The results from this study provide clear direction for future proposition design and the marketing of subscriptions.
The challenges and opportunities of free trade agreements: How global trade automation can help
Authors: Ethevenin Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and other preferential programmes are a two-headed beast: for almost every business, they can bring substantial benefits through duty reductions and offer strategic competitive advantages. They also create new compliance risks and bring added competitive pressures to the market. The overall prominence and impact FTAs have on global trade have drastically increased in the last 20 years. The utopia of a worldwide market with no barriers, no customs and no constraints, as dreamed by the World Trade Organization (WTO), is no more. The balance of power in geo-politics, and popular rejection of an uncontrolled mundialisation, have replaced that dream with an explosion in bilateral and multilateral trade agreements throughout the world (see Figure 1 for a glimpse of preferential agreements available for the EU). With this proliferation of agreements, how does a company set in motion the changes needed to leverage these FTAs; including the preparation, process changes, risk assessment and supplier/product qualifications? And they must do this while also having to cope with the ever-changing sourcing, manufacturing and selling strategies dictated by a truly global environment, with developed and emerging markets both crucial to business success. It is like jumping on a train while it is moving at 100 kmh. The response is obvious: with dedicated resources, processes and software automation, integrating preferential origin into the whole value chain, gaining strategic competitive advantage — and margin basis points — through every step of the way.
Designing an inclusive digital euro
Authors: Galotto Ludovica , Vangelisti Maria Iride
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how the introduction of a digital euro could motivate those Europeans who are yet to open a transaction account, or who are yet to adopt digital payments, into doing just that. The paper argues that this will require central banks to emphasise the risk-free nature of central bank digital currency. In addition, payment transactions need to be made less expensive and more user-friendly than those offered by private intermediaries. The paper explains the benefits of adopting a digital currency instead of relying on cash alone, such as the ability to send and receive payments remotely, improved security, and greater transparency vis-à-vis historical transactions. After discussing the key design features that a digital euro might adopt, the paper concludes that an account-based digital euro could have a greater impact on financial inclusion than a token-based euro. The more that digital euro accounts are integrated into existing payment systems, the greater the benefits will be.
Rapidly changing landscape: Commercial real estate and the new perspective
Authors: Phipps Andrew
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how the commercial real estate industry has been heavily affected by the changes experienced during 2020 as result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses and employees have been unable to work in their regular locations; retail stores and other sectors have been shuttered for extended periods of time; student housing, logistics and warehousing, life sciences have all faced the unknown. The paper stipulates that the future survival of the physical environment hinges on an acceptance that change is needed, that a new approach must be taken. The need to evolve buildings physically has never been as urgent. It discusses how owners have recognised that they must adapt their buildings or increasingly face challenges in attracting and retaining the tenants they want.
Adopting risk intelligence in today's volatile market
Authors: Whipple Allen
Published: July 2024

Risk intelligence refers to the ability to make informed decisions about risks based on historical, current and future views of a business. Its profile in the financial services industry has risen significantly since the collapse of Lehman's in 2008. Here, a lack of vital and updated risk information such as counterparty risk exposures, liquidity numbers and risk-based performance metrics for intraday trading made the ability to make informed decisions very difficult. As such, financial institutions (FIs) were in jeopardy of making the wrong decisions and in many cases no decisions were being taken. As these dramatic events showed, pinpointing where risk lies is not always straightforward and as a result many financial institutions now consider navigating the volatility of today's markets without the ability to understand and manage risk intraday to be very dangerous. Risk managers are now rapidly changing their approach to risk management with real-time risk intelligence becoming the goal for many FIs, particularly within the trading and capital markets arena. Many are looking to roll out real-time analytics across their operations including foreign exchange, interest-rate, credit, equities and fixed-income trading. To date only a handful of FIs have this capability and it is still limited, most are still struggling with the fundamentals of consolidated or enterprise risk management. Based on the recent Chartis Research report, Real-time Risk Intelligence — Leading Practices from Quartet FS (2010, London), the author suggests why conventional risk management methods no longer suffice and provides an overview of some of the difficulties in achieving real-time risk intelligence, as well as describing some of the new approaches forward-thinking FIs are taking in order to meet the requirements of today's market.
Impact of mobile marketing on passengers’ satisfaction and experience at airports
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro , Del Alcázar Benjamín , Gonzalez Eva M.
Published: July 2024

The availability of new airport applications helps passengers manage their time at airports in an efficient way, inasmuch as these applications provide real-time information. The results of this study confirm the fact that the multifunctionality of the mobile marketing tool favours the effectiveness of the processes carried out by passengers at the airport. The main objectives of this research are to analyse the basic concepts around mobile marketing and mobile applications, and to assess the impact of this tool on the levels of user satisfaction and improvement in the image/perception of airports thanks to the app. This study will help to achieve a better understanding of the interaction between the airport and passengers through the use of smartphones.
A new age in clothing brand and retailer collaborations: Trends and recommendations for a successful partnership
Authors: Childs Michelle L. , Jin Byoungho
Published: July 2024

A new common practice in the clothing industry is mass-market retailers partnering with brands and offering a one-of-a-kind collaboration line. These collaborations are often highly beneficial for both parties, and their popularity has caused changes in how retailers are using partnership for their strategic benefit and to differentiate themselves from competitors. The purposes of this study are to analyse the changes in major retailers’ collaboration with clothing brands and to provide retailers with lessons for future direction by examining a successful and an unsuccessful case. By comparing their collaboration trends before with after mid-2000, this study will examine how and why such changes occurred. For a successful case, this study takes a closer look at H&M’s collaboration strategy due to their continued success in implementing brand collaborations. Further, considering that not all collaborations are successful for retailers, this paper demonstrates the importance of perceived fit between the retailer and collaboration partners through a case study. Suggestions for retail managers on how to make a successful partnership will be presented.
Kenya’s deficiencies in its anti-money laundering/counter-terrorist financing framework: An analysis and possible solutions
Authors: Mkiwa Halfan
Published: July 2024

The theme of this paper is the gaps that are prevalent in the Kenyan anti-money laundering (AML) framework. In order to clearly illustrate these gaps, the paper refers to AML frameworks in other jurisdictions and shows how these have been able to deliver a more robust system that more efficiently detects and prevents money laundering. This comparative approach goes to demonstrate that the governmental institutions in countries that have vibrant AML frameworks have put in a lot of effort and resources to ensure that this is the case. The paper goes on to recommend possible solutions to the gaps that have been outlined. One of the key learning points for the reader is that for governments to ensure that the AML frameworks in their countries are efficient and effective, they must consider learning from other jurisdictions so as to improve what is already in place. Secondly, it is clear that even after having an AML framework in place, continuous improvement of the same is paramount to ensure that the framework remains robust over the passage of time. Thirdly, another learning point is that AML frameworks are increasingly becoming entwined with other legal and governance frameworks such as the prevention of identity theft and whistleblowing. From the paper it is clear that to have a well-established AML framework, it is prudent for governments to consider having in place other frameworks such as whistleblowing and identity theft prevention laws, as well as an enforcement mechanism to ensure the AML structure is well supported.
The opportunities and challenges of civil aviation in India, Part 1: Airport sector liberalisation
Authors: Bhadra Dipasis
Published: July 2024

India's civil aviation has been experiencing rapid growth in recent years. This remarkable growth, however, is slowing down this year as aviation worldwide faces volatile and increasingly expensive fuel prices. In conjunction with economic development and tapping into latent demand, the country's civil aviation has been growing at an average rate of 20 per cent during the past few years. While the low base has allowed this rapid expansion, further growth will require massive investments in infrastructure, redesigning airspace and improving the overall air traffic management system, together with changes in procedures while maintaining strict adherence to the international standards of safety and security. This paper reviews the country's civil aviation with a special emphasis on airports. In particular, trends in air traffic together with the present status of the infrastructure provide clear insights into the challenges that the country may face in the near term in dealing with airport development.
How the Alpha Bank Group stayed resilient against COVID-19
Authors: Aronis Stelios
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the methodology applied by the Alpha Bank Group in order to develop and implement its business continuity plan for pandemic response. It then discusses the action taken by the company in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Greece, from February to April 2020. The article demonstrates the key elements for an efficient pandemic response plan that protects the health and safety of employees, ensures continuity in business operations and provides a seamless service to customers.
The rise of, and need for, video in social media marketing
Authors: Karol Kristofer , Norman Clayton
Published: July 2024

Video is becoming an increasingly important part of social media marketing. By 2019, global consumer internet video traffic will account for 80 per cent of all internet traffic.1 By 2021, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg expects the majority of traffic on his channel to be video.2 And currently, YouTube is already the number-two search engine, with more than 180 million Americans — or 56 per cent of the population — tuning in.3 With this increase in video consumption, it is imperative, especially for higher education marketers, to incorporate more visual content into their strategies. This paper will provide a brief overview of the current use of video in social media marketing, followed by a discussion of effective styles for engaging various audiences, as well as the tools and strategy one needs to get an effective video presence off the ground.
Analytics off the shelf: Using commercially available tools now
Authors: Keating Barry P.
Published: July 2024

Getting started in predictive analytics is arguably quite difficult. The tools used are not the standard statistical tools taught in most universities today. This article is not a course in predictive analytics, but it is a path through which to begin learning to use the tools effectively. The example of a firm attempting to reduce their churn rate is used as a medium for exploring one commonly used predictive analytics algorithm and its most commonly used diagnostic test statistic. A CART model is used to make predictions in two different manners: first, with purely numerical data, and secondly with added text data. The use of social media as a source of information to marketers has become quite useful and this example give the reader some insight as to why this is so.
Heuristics and anti-racism methodologies : Exploring possibilities for shifting antiracist education and research paradigms
Authors: Perkins Trudi L.
Published: July 2024

This paper represents the first in a series of discussions that follow the development of a heuristic anti-racism methodology and pedagogical approach to operationalise learning beyond empathetic engagement. The experimental study explored the feasibility of using heuristic phases in a structured, yet natural flowing exploration of personal interactions with racism. With a specific focus on anti-Black racism, the researcher engaged in a 30-day sequence of purposeful awareness and investigation, creating a unique research testing environment as the first module of a course aimed at engaging deeply with racism as it presents in daily life. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the present reliance on empathy-based anti-racism and its limitations. The discussion is followed by an introduction to heuristic methods and their potential use in anti-racist inquiry and education. The paper explains how heuristics lends itself to the complexities of anti-racism by emphasising the value of the lived experiences of both the researcher and participants, as supported by a brief review of current literature. The core of this discussion presents the background to this study and an explanation of the processes used to repurpose the methodology, explore its usefulness in expanding anti-racism knowledge and practice, as well as assess the sustainability of researcherparticipants’ personal curiosity as intrinsic motivation. The paper closes with a discussion of the next steps in the development of the curriculum and suggestions for further use of these processes in anti-racism research.
The need for speed: A platform-based approach to digitisation
Authors: Rosner Eli
Published: July 2024

The move to the platform economy, also known as platformification, is now a commonplace discussion for financial services professionals. Harnessing the resources of application programming interfaces and the cloud is part of day-to-day conversations, and senior banking executives are only too aware of the need to update skills and technologies to survive and thrive in this new landscape. This paper examines the drivers, opportunities and barriers to the adoption of a platform approach. Disruption is already here. Those banks that have not yet woken up and smelled the coffee — or are dragging their feet when it comes to business transformation — are at greatest risk.
The human side of cybercrime
Authors: Watson Kylie , Payne Tayla
Published: July 2024

An understanding of the human element in cybercrime can provide deeper insights into assessing the damage malicious attacks can cause and strengthen defence against such attacks. This paper outlines the little insights we do have on the human elements of cybercrime and the need to undertake more research into the psychological and behavioural aspects of cybercriminals, as well as those of their victims. This is in order to better detect, prevent and respond to cybercriminals and cybercrimes in the future.
A regional comparison of the skills sought by employers for entry-level marketing analytics professionals
Authors: D’Auria Stanton Angela , Stanton Wilbur W.
Published: July 2024

This paper is Part 1 of a two-part project. This paper focuses on a cross-region comparison of the demand and employer requirements in job ads posted on LinkedIn for entry-level marketing analytics professionals. This paper comprehensively reviews the skills employers seek when hiring entry-level marketing analytics professionals in three geographic regions. The authors begin by providing a brief history and evolution of the growth in demand for analytics professionals. The authors then discuss the growth in demand for marketing analytics professionals. Next, the authors present the general skills and abilities desired by employers, followed by the evolution and challenges of hiring analytics professionals. The authors present evidence of the growth in marketing analytics worldwide and how it has become a global phenomenon. Using job postings scraped from LinkedIn, this study extends previous research by focusing only on entry-level marketing analytics professionals' skills, knowledge and abilities in the US, the UK and the EU. Content analysis of position descriptions and job requirements was used to determine the similarities and differences within the four broad skillset categories (hard skills, soft skills, software and credentials) in the three geographic areas. The authors present findings across the three regions, clearly identifying where distinct differences were identified in job postings by employers seeking entry-level marketing analytics professionals. The authors then offer an assessment of the challenges to organisations in recruiting employees with the skills desired. Finally, the authors provide emerging and creative methods for recruiting analytics talent in a very complex and dynamically changing environment. Part 2 of this research project will focus on a cross-region comparison of demand and employer requirements in job ads posted on LinkedIn for entry-level analytics professionals, specifically the phrases data scientist, data analytics, business analytics, marketing analytics and digital analytics. The authors will examine the similarities and differences in employer expectations by region.
Building international partnerships for digitisation and preservation
Authors: Deblinger Rachel , Osorio Jennifer , Farb Sharon E. , Grappone Todd
Published: July 2024

For the past decade, the UCLA Library’s International Digital Ephemera Project and Modern Endangered Archives Program have worked to create open access collections of international content through post-custodial partnerships. This paper details the work of those initiatives to support communities, archivists, librarians and researchers around the world to set priorities, understand complex legal issues and provide training and technology for cultural heritage preservation where content is at most risk. This paper describes how the UCLA Library works alongside a growing network of partners to preserve and present diverse voices and perspectives on global events and ensure community narratives about individual and collective experiences are accessible. This paper details both the ethic of care that informs the library’s work and the infrastructure that enables access and discovery to these community collections as it improves and expands the scope of these programmes.
Data classification: A means to an end
Authors: King David
Published: July 2024

The volume of data continues to grow at an incredible rate, with some predicting as much as a 50× growth from 2010 to 2020 and yet the tools available to manage that growth haven’t changed a great deal in recent years. With changes in regulation, such as the European Union’s new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), knowing what data you have, where it is, what it is and how it is processed and then being able to apply the appropriate controls is becoming increasingly more important. This paper puts forward reasons why data discovery and data classification are two techniques that should be used to help manage data and the additional benefits that can be realised while moving organisations closer to compliance.
The impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on digital marketing and analytics
Authors: Thomas Ian
Published: July 2024

The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has a substantial impact on all areas of digital marketing and analytics, including first and third-party data collection, targeting and segmentation, campaign execution and analysis. Since its introduction, the digital marketing industry has made various changes to its practices to comply with the new law, changing the landscape for marketers, advertisers and publishers. This paper reviews the nature and impact of these changes, and makes several recommendations for marketers who may still be unclear on how to balance their own interests with those of the individuals with whom they wish to communicate through their marketing. It also discusses strategies to mitigate the impact of the restrictions imposed by the GDPR on data collection and processing, particularly through third parties.
Breaking the mould with caution : Promises and risks of crypto-inspired clearing models in traditional central clearing
Authors: Bhanu Aniket
Published: July 2024

While numerous crypto exchanges have failed, their innovative clearing models may hold value for the traditional central clearing space. After describing the representative model of traditional clearing and with its strengths and challenges, this paper reviews the external pressures that often dissuade central counterparties (CCPs) from deviating from this archetype. The paper reviews the design innovations in post-trade services in crypto markets and critically examines the potential for implementing certain facets of such alternate models in traditional clearing contexts, taking a view of their promises as well as risks. The paper strongly advocates for a contingency-based approach to CCP design and discusses specific contexts where alternate clearing models could prove valuable for the markets. This journey must preserve the balance of efficiency and safety, anticipation and prudence, in order to maintain the resilience of CCPs while redesigning crucial procedures for improved market services.
Neighbourhood patterns of household spending on airline tickets in Metro Vancouver
Authors: Brown Mike
Published: July 2024

Just as Wal-Mart knows where its customers live, so should an airport. Using data from Canada’s national household spending survey, Vancouver Airport Authority has gained an unprecedented insight into the factors that drive household spending on airline tickets at a neighbourhood level in its local market, including what appears to be the stimulative effect of an airport rail link on local spending on air travel.
Developing a research-specific emergency management programme for municipal resilience following the 2013 flood in southern Alberta
Authors: Bowerman Charles
Published: July 2024

Calgary was significantly impacted by the southern Alberta floods in 2013. Prior to the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires (also in Alberta), these floods were the costliest disaster in Canadian history. In the aftermath, the Conference Board of Canada’s independent review of the overall performance of Calgary’s Recovery Operations Centre (ROC) recommended the need to: (1) include community actors and external stakeholders; and (2) develop pre-event situational awareness for those citizens who lack the ability to request assistance through regular channels. In response to these findings and a seemingly consistent experience of emergencies and disasters, the Calgary Emergency Management Agency (CEMA) sought to develop a comprehensive all-hazards emergency management programme for community leaders and citizens to further enhance municipal resilience when faced with inevitable future challenges. Using a case study approach, this paper presents the background, methodology and realisation of this programme, offers recommendations for challenges and limitations, and considers the key impetus for its development — the prevalent yet complex concept of resilience in disaster and emergency management.
An introduction to recent trends in terrorism financing
Authors: Teichmann Fabian M.
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses recent trends in terrorism financing and their implications for financial compliance. In particular, concrete methods used by terrorism financiers will be illustrated, based on 100 qualitative expert interviews with both compliance professionals and criminals. Those interviewees’ insights offer suggestions for improving compliance mechanisms, which will be discussed. The banking system, hawala banking, cryptocurrencies and the antiquities market are all found to be extraordinarily suitable for financing terrorism. By identifying concrete methods of terrorism financing, this paper aims to provide compliance officers, law enforcement agencies and legislators with valuable insights into criminal activity. Whereas existing literature focuses on organisations fighting terrorism financing, this paper instead describes how criminals avoid detection, thereby focusing on the perspectives of criminals and prevention officers.
Raising the donor ambition: From major to mega gifts
Authors: Little Heather , Mitchell Lisa
Published: July 2024

In 2018, Monash University publicly launched its inaugural philanthropic campaign with a goal of raising AU$500m from a community of 50,000 donors and doubling the number of bequests. In order to achieve these ambitious goals, the fundraising team focused not only on cultivating and securing new philanthropic gifts, but also on deepening relationships with existing philanthropic donors to raise the donor ambition and to encourage renewal and uplift of philanthropic gifts and grants to the university. Through exploring two philanthropic donor case studies, this paper will provide an overview of the cultivation strategies used to engage donors. Strategies that took philanthropic partnerships from relational to transformational, that raised the donor ambition and so contributed to the university's philanthropic campaign goals. This paper will also explore the importance of embedding a culture of philanthropy across all levels of an organisation, as well as provide some insights into how to collaborate with key stakeholders for enduring philanthropic success.
Forced eviction and demolition of slum: A case study of the Makoko slum in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Amakihe Emeka
Published: July 2024

Over the past few decades, the city of Lagos has been experiencing poor and uneven development. Consequently, basic infrastructure and services are rarely provided. Lagos, the subject of this research paper, is the leading city in Nigeria in terms of economic performance. Unfortunately, the city is unable to cope with the challenges of urbanisation that have resulted in severely inadequate housing and proliferation of slums. In light of this, the Lagos government has been carrying out forcible demolition of unplanned settlement in the name of regeneration and vision of creating a 21st-century mega-city. This paper presents Makoko, a residential enclave in Lagos, as an example of recent forced eviction, based on secondary data drawn from the coverage of the Makoko eviction. The study shows that public good was invoked to justify the eviction and demolition. This eviction was carried out without prior consultation, compensation or alternative accommodation. The paper concludes with the recommendation that regeneration of slum areas can be carried out to bring about development, if properly managed by engaging the slum community.
Managing global property portfolios, transactions and teams : A primer for corporate real estate executives — Part 3: Assembling and managing in-market teams
Authors: Hagy James
Published: July 2024

Part 3 in this series of papers begins with a self-assessment exercise in which the reader is invited to recognise how his or her planned on-site or remote involvement (and level of authority) can dramatically affect the selection, organisation and management of the team working on an in-market project. There is then consideration of scheduling and team management, as well as effective collaborations with chosen multinational and in-market legal and professional advisers.
Adventures in logo town: Managing institutional logos
Authors: Pennie Mark
Published: July 2024

In a perfect world, an academic institution’s logo would be favoured and exhibited with appropriate pride by friends, faculty, students and staff. In a perfect world, university leadership would embrace the value and wisdom of a sensible comprehensive graphic identity system. In a perfect world, the diverse segmented enterprises and interests of the university would recognise the benefit of identifying with the host institution and welcome each opportunity to mark that relationship. This paper is a cautionary note for all those who are tasked with preserving and promoting their institution’s logo in their own particular imperfect world — especially when administration is materially indifferent to this issue and the campus culture disfavours restrictions of any sort. An addition to the caution is a warning not to overgeneralise what this paper offers. The strategies the current author has employed will not bring success in every circumstance. In fact, there is some evidence that these strategies have not necessarily been successful in this circumstance. Nevertheless, progress is being made as marked by the most meaningful measurements, record-breaking undergraduate enrolment and public support through private giving, plus greater levels of income from licensing goods and services that pay to bear the marks of the university. While there is much room to dispute that the strategies employed played any meaningful part in the university’s success, any fair-minded person would conclude we at least did not impede it.
Accessing goods and services in commercial property: An update
Authors: King Vivien
Published: July 2024

This short paper updates the one by Simon McLean in Volume 1 Number 4 of Journal of Building Survey, Appraisal & Valuation and discusses the replacement of the disability discrimination legislation by the Equality Act 2010. The context remains the same, ie the provision of goods and services within the built environment.
What the market is not telling you about the cyber security skills shortage
Authors: Reffold Karla
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we examine the common myths surrounding the reason for the skills gap within cyber security. Many common beliefs are repeated on social media, fuelling the belief that the market is not moving on or solving common problems. Issues such as low salaries and unachievable job descriptions are often quoted but are rarer than we would all believe. With research spanning the past six years, we examine what professionals in cyber security actually value in a job search. We also examine options to solve the skills gap quicker than we consider possible. Rather than focusing on attracting school or university leavers, it is possible to reduce the gap from other talent pools. Finally, we look at whether and why talent does leave the industry, questioning if the negative press about culture around security teams is actually contributing to the skills gap or if people are simply choosing a different way of working.
How a market infrastructure is developing in a competitive environment: Can new technologies be a differentiator?
Authors: Zignani Alessandro
Published: July 2024

The new operational and regulatory framework has had a direct impact on financial market infrastructures (FMIs) with the need to be a more client-oriented organisation, able to cope with increasing competition, and to take advantage of new opportunities to grow. This paper describes the journey that Monte Titoli is charting as a central securities depository (CSD) and the opportunity to leverage on new technologies to differentiate itself from the competition and be closer to clients. The introduction of new technologies has to be carefully planned holistically and requires a change of culture and behaviour. The first challenge is to disseminate a new culture and develop a bottom-up approach throughout the entire organisation. Technology is effective if it supports the business model, and that is what Monte Titoli has been addressing with the development of a three-year plan to introduce robotic process automation (RPA) for process excellence, to enhance efficiency, become volume insensitive and minimise operational risk and digitalisation in order to make better use of data.
Ethical AI/ML at Nestlé: From vision to strategy to execution
Authors: Pinart Carolina , Mora Enrigue
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) will reshape the source of value creation for consumer packaged goods companies, the creation of new business models and the delivery of value-added services such as customisation at scale. This paper outlines the vision of consumer packaged goods company Nestlé about AI and machine learning (ML), provides an overview of the company’s strategy to leverage this technology, and describes the three fundamental pillars to execute on that strategy, that is, to deploy AI at scale: AI/ML as a toolbox to solve business problems, ethical by design AI and a flexible operating model. The paper also provides examples of how Nestlé is leveraging its operating model to scale up and explore high-value use cases, depending on their maturity. For mature use cases, we typically adopt out-of-the-box models, fine-tuned or not to our specific problem, while in the emerging use cases we must conduct proofs of concept to test whether the use case is feasible and to what extent the solution can be industrialised in a near future.
The Japanese FSA's efforts to make their payment and settlement systems more attractive to foreign markets
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Takahashi Yasufumi
Published: July 2024

The Financial Services Agency (FSA) is making efforts to enhance the security, efficiency and convenience of the payment and settlement systems on behalf of Japan's markets in order to strengthen their competitiveness. In 2007, the FSA performed an analytical study of Japan's payment and settlement systems and established objectives for strengthening them. This paper outlines the main findings of the study for the purpose of promoting discussions between the people concerned.
The influence of limited airport capacity on passengers' airport choice in a decentralised airport environment
Authors: Gelhausen Marc C.
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the impact of limited airport capacity on the airport choice of individual air travellers. The quantitative analysis is based on a nested logit model, enhanced to allow for capacity constraints at airports and to improve model applicability in the real world. The paper starts by describing the main idea of the model and goes on to consider airport choice behaviour in the Cologne region in a capacity-constrained decentralised airport environment. To elaborate the impact of limited airport capacity on passenger choice, three different scenarios are analysed. In this manner it is possible to illustrate the complex distributional changes in airport choice by market segment, trip origin and trip destination. This research aims to show the mutual dependence among airports operating in a decentralised environment in which some airports do not have the capacity to meet their full demand potential. In such an environment, capacity constraints at one airport may lead to spill-over effects and thus influence air travel demand served elsewhere. In some cases, this may even lead to new capacity constraints at these airports.
Data modernisation using a logical data management platform
Authors: Southwood Charles
Published: July 2024

Like many industries, the capital markets industry relies on reliable access to trustworthy data. For this industry in particular, it is becoming critical for success, if not survival. This type of data access, however, requires modern data infrastructures, and not many organisations are prepared to furnish such infrastructures. This paper introduces ways to modernise the data infrastructure without ripping out and replacing expensive hardware. It covers key capabilities of modern data infrastructures and compares and contrasts emerging technologies such as cloud data warehouses, data lakes, data virtualisation, logical data fabric and data mesh. The paper provides a business case for complementing investments in centralised data management tools, such as cloud data warehouses or data lakes, with a logical data management approach.
Data-driven advertising: Automation or emotion?
Authors: Schulman Alan
Published: July 2024

As data become an essential part of making marketing smarter, more efficient and more one-to-one, will data-driven creative follow suit? What will data-driven creative at scale look like? Are we so seduced by the notion of addressable messaging at scale that we are putting the plumbing of automated advertising before the poetry of ideas? This comment highlights the risks of relying too heavily on the science of marketing, reminding us that we are in the business of ideas, not automation.
Rise from the rough: The growing demands on the brown diamond market
Authors: Fink Carly
Published: July 2024

Only 10 years ago, consumer demand for brown diamonds was nearly non-existent. To industry experts, brown diamonds were known as ‘industrial grade diamonds’ or low-grade stones with little value. Today, however, a product that once had very little real and perceived value has become desirable among consumers due to the power of strategic marketing and advertising. By analysing historical and current information on the brown diamond industry, this paper discusses the current challenges and opportunities for these stones.