bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hukum: Actio Pauliana terhadap Aset Disewakan dalam Kepailitan
Authors: Sunur Fransiskus Stefan , Anakotta Marthsian Yeksi
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on the legal regulation of leasing in the context of bankruptcy, emphasizing the importance of good faith principles and the application of actio pauliana. Leasing involves managing economically valuable assets through agreements that must comply with the validity requirements under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, including the principle of good faith. In bankruptcy cases, the good faith principle is applied through actio pauliana, which grants creditors the right to annul actions by debtors that harm them. This research aims to understand how the Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations Law (KPKPU) regulates rental income from bankruptcy assets and the application of actio pauliana to leased bankruptcy assets. The study employs a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches to analyze the legal certainty of leased bankruptcy assets. The findings show that rental income can be classified as bankruptcy assets under Article 38 of the KPKPU Law, and actio pauliana can be applied if the leasing agreement is made in bad faith, as per Article 1341(2) of the Civil Code and Article 38 of the KPKPU Law.
Kepastian Hukum Hak Pengelolaan Atas Tanah Badan Pengusahaan Batam terhadap Pendayagunaan Pulau Rempang
Authors: Anisa Rada , Supriyo Agus
Published: October 2024

The Basic Agrarian Law is a legal reform in the agrarian sector. In the utilization of islands, especially the management of small islands, permission must be obtained. Management Rights are partially delegated to government agencies including Local Governments, State-Owned Enterprises, Regional-Owned Enterprises, PT.Persero, Authority Bodies and other legal entities to be used according to their respective duties. The existence of Land Management Rights (HPL) does not guarantee an island to be utilized by interested parties, including the utilization of Rempang Island which will be used as a National Strategic Project (PSN). The existence of regulations governing special provisions in the management of small islands must also be considered and examined so that some parties do not feel disadvantaged. This research will answer the questions of (1) How is the legal certainty of the Batam Concession Agency's Land Management Rights in the utilization of Rempang Island, (2) How is the Batam Concession Agency's problem in the management and utilization program of Remapang Island. This research uses normative juridical research by reviewing the applicable laws and regulations and using secondary data as the main data.
Pemeliharaan dan Pembiayaan Nafkah Anak Pasca Perceraian (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 590/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Bks)
Authors: Lestari Dhona Indah , Hapsari Hening
Published: October 2024

Child care involves both parents, namely the father and mother, as parties who have responsibility for their children, even though some marriages end in divorce. This research aims to find out and examine how maintenance and financing of maintenance for children after divorce occurs according to statutory regulations. Child care after divorce is regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The research method used is a normative or doctrinal juridical type, namely research that refers to legal norms contained in statutory regulations and norms that apply in community life. The research results in decision number 590/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Bks show that fulfilling children's maintenance after their parents' divorce has not gone completely well. This is because the ex-husband, after officially divorcing, no longer carries out his obligations. The conclusion in this problem is that child support is still not being met and it is necessary to establish an official institution so that there is supervision over the provision of child support after divorce, whether it has really been carried out in accordance with the governing law.
Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pemegang Saham Akibat Dilusi Saham pada Perseroan Tertutup
Authors: Al Ghany Gathan Sulthon , Purwanto Aldira Mara Ditta Caesar
Published: October 2024

Legal protection for shareholders is an important issue in the context of share dilution in limited liability companies. Share dilution is an event that results in a decrease in the share ownership percentage of shareholders due to the issuance of new shares, with shareholders resulting in losses. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This research was conducted to determine the obligations of closed limited companies towards shareholders, as well as the legal efforts that can be taken to obtain compensation or avoid share dilution for shareholders in closed companies. The results of this research show that additional capital causes share dilution, there are also changes to Return On Investment (ROI), and reduced Dividends Per Share (DPS) which causes losses for shareholders. Therefore, shareholders need legal protection, preventively through the board of commissioners by making an anti-dilution agreement for the company through the right to convert the right to purchase securities first to avoid share dilution as regulated in Article 43 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and share repressive efforts to restore rights can be done by filing a lawsuit with the court as regulated in Article 61 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies.
Akibat Hukum Gugatan Kejaksaan Negeri Tanjung Jabung Barat Terkait Pencabutan Kekuasaan Orang Tua
Authors: Hariss Abdul , Zulfikar Ahmad , Rahmawati Deska
Published: October 2024

Parents are the first and foremost institution for children to receive protection, teaching and fulfillment of their rights. However, sometimes parents cannot provide protection and can even become criminals for their own biological children, as stated in the Kuala Tungkal District Court Decision Number: 01/Pid.Sus/2022/PN KLT dated 08 February 2022, which is the basis for the West Tanjung Jabung District Prosecutor's proposal. Lawsuit for Revocation of Parental Power over Children. The problem studied in this paper boils down to what are the legal consequences of the lawsuit for the revocation of parental authority over children by the Tanjung Jabung Barat District Prosecutor's Office (Study of Kuala Tungkal District Court Decision Number 16/Pdt.G/2022.PN.KLT)? The research method used is empirical juridical with interview techniques. Based on the results of research that has been carried out regarding the legal consequences of the Lawsuit for Revocation of Parental Power over Children by the West Tanjung Jabung District Prosecutor's Office as per Kuala Tungkal District Court Decision Number 16/Pdt.G/2022.PN.KLT parents whose power over children has been revoked do not have any power over the child, however the termination of this power does not necessarily sever the regional relationship between parents and children so that the parents, in this case the Defendant/Birth Father, still have the obligation to support the lives of their children.
Perlindungan terhadap Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Atas Tanah Ulayat dalam Sistem Hukum Pertanahan
Authors: Sarwani Raden
Published: October 2024

One form of wealth for the Indonesian nation is that the existence of Indigenous Law Communities (MHA) are recognized and respected as The rights of the MHA to natural resources, land, and forests have not been clearly regulated in a single legislation, but the MHA's control over customary forests is evident. Several customary forests in Kerinci Regency have been officially designated as customary forests based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment. The control of customary forests requires the recognition and affirmation of the MHA through Regional Regulations based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. However, the Kerinci MHA, as the rightful owners of customary forests, have not yet received protection and recognition through Regional Regulations, which could threaten their sustainability. The research method used is empirical juridical. The research results show that customary forests in Kerinci Regency have been designated as customary forest areas or rights forests as stated in the Ministerial Decree, which recognizes the existence of the MHA as the rightful owners based on the Decree of the Regent of Kerinci. Although the Regent's Decree does not provide adequate explanations about the status, structure, and customary institutions managing the customary forests, it indirectly acknowledges the existence of the MHA entitled to the customary forests. Meanwhile, regulations on customary forest management should also be adjusted to facilitate protection mechanisms for the MHA. As the region with the most customary forests in Jambi Province, it is hoped that the Kerinci Regency Government can draft Regional Regulations concerning Indigenous Law Communities so that customary forests can be preserved and sustained for future generations.
Implementasi Tugas Sekretariat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dalam Mendukung Pelaksanaan Fungsi DPRD dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Yanti Herma , Saputra Warfian , Aditya Dickie
Published: October 2024

As a regional apparatus tasked with supporting the implementation of the DPRD's duties and functions, the DPRD Secretariat is expected to be able to implement these tasks optimally, especially supporting the implementation of the DPRD's main function in forming Regional Regulations. This research aims to see how it is implemented at the West Tanjung Jabung Regency DPRD Secretariat and what factors influence its implementation. The research type is empirical legal research with a socio legal research approach. Primary data was collected through interviews with respondents from the DPRD Secretariat who were determined using purposive sampling, as well as studying documents that had been compiled and were available at the DPRD Secretariat related to the implementation of programs and activities that had been carried out to support the implementation of the DPRD's functions in the formation of Regional Regulations. 2021 to 2023. Meanwhile, secondary data was collected from library sources, namely related laws and regulations, books and journals. The results show that the implementation of the tasks of the DPRD Secretariat of West Tanjung Jabung Regency is not optimal every year. The factors that influence this are mainly the limited human resources of the DPRD Secretariat and several other factors that need to be followed up for future improvements.
Measurement and Analysis of the Relationship between General Revenues and Imbalance in Iraq's Export Structure For duration (2004-2021)
Authors: Muhammad Abdel Ghani  * Saja , Jabr Ashoor Ehsan
Published: October 2024

The Iraqi economy relies primarily on oil exports to achieve necessary financial surpluses in order to finance economic and social development plans. Capital imports also contribute to improving the productive capacity of all sectors that directly or indirectly contribute to the country's economic growth if they actually exist. These imports, represented by the equipment and machinery necessary for building and developing infrastructure in Iraq, which cannot be provided except through foreign trade, make Iraq closely connected to broad economic relationships with most of the developed world economies. Oil revenues have had a positive impact on the general budget situation. However, on the other hand, the lack of a productive base has led to the leakage of revenues towards imports to meet domestic demand, resulting in an imbalance in the overall export structure. Moreover the research objective was to identify the relative importance of total exports in Iraq and how they are affected by oil revenues during the period 2004-2021. The hypothesis is fiscal policy has led to a disruption in the structure of Iraq's exports. And one of the most important result that appeared general revenues depend to a large extent on oil revenues compared to other revenues (non-oil), which means that the Iraqi economy is considered one-sided. With the weakness of revenues achieved from productive sectors (industry and agriculture) as well as weak tax revenues, this leads to an imbalance in the structure of the trade balance, evident through the dominance of oil exports over total exports in the country.
 
Paper type: Research paper.
Generación renovable eólica y fotovoltaica en Ecuador: Una revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Bautista Santiago
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. Photovoltaic and wind renewable generation has grown exponentially in recent years worldwide, in Ecuador this technology has not been the exception, as several photovoltaic and wind power plants have been installed, increasing the generation of renewable energy. OBJECTIVE. This article presents a systematic review of the literature on operational photovoltaic and wind power plants in Ecuador, offering a perspective on the renewable sources connected to the national energy system. METHOD. Through a bibliographic search in the Scopus database, 8 publications were obtained that met the eligibility criteria, in addition to reports issued by government entities,  to ensure that the information and technical aspects are accurate. RESULTS. The documentary analysis allows us to know the current status of photovoltaic and wind power plants, identifying their installed capacity, technology used, and operational characteristics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The information collected provides a solid basis for understanding the current status and development prospects of photovoltaic and wind power generation in Ecuador. Despite certain limitations related to the availability of data in open sources, it was possible to obtain significant information on the main renewable plants in the country. These results serve as a basis for future research aimed at the expansion and optimization of renewable energies in the national context..
Temporary non-removable orthopedic structures are made using a CAD/CAM system by the milling method, as an alternative to permanent ones for a long time
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., Skibitsky V.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Prevalence of partial loss of teeth in the population of Ukraine is from 62.3% to 84.5%. The war in Ukraine significantly affected the provision of timely and high-quality dental care. However, the restoration of the destroyed crown part of the tooth and the integrity of the tooth rows must take place in a timely manner, as it leads to the development of secondary deformations of the dental and jaw system. One of the options for solving the problem of timely orthopedic treatment, in these conditions, can be the use of temporary fixed orthopedic structures made using the CAD/CAM system by the milling method. The aim is to investigate the possibility of using non-removable temporary orthopedic structures made using the CAD/ CAM system by the milling method and cements for their temporary fixation for a period exceeding that established by the general protocols of orthopedic treatment and declared by the manufacturer. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the period from September 2022 to April 2024 at the Department of Orthopedic Stomatology of the National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets For the study, 60 patients aged 25-59 years were selected, with the destruction of the crown part of the tooth, which required replacement with a fixed orthopedic structure and included dentition defects of various lengths. All supporting elements were divided into groups, depending on the cement used for fixation: Group I – Freegenol (GC, Japan), Group II – Provicol (Voco, Germany), Group III – RelyX Temp NE (3M ESPE, Germany), IV group – Temp-Bond NE (KERR, USA). Re-examinations of patients were carried out in periods from two weeks to six months. Results. Depending on the selected cement for temporary fixation of a non-removable orthopedic structure, the percentage of decementing of temporary single crowns, in terms of two weeks to six months, was from 2.22% to 32.65%, structures with support on two elements from 5.55% to 52.94% and based on three elements from 7.14% to 77.78%. A direct relationship was established between the appearance of mobility of the temporary fixed orthopedic structure, the sensitivity of the vital tooth and bleeding gums in all groups of subjects. Conclusions. Temporary non-removable orthopedic structures made using the CAD/CAM system by the milling method, depending on the selected cement for temporary fixation, can be used to restore the crown part of the tooth and included defects of the dentition for a period that exceeds that established by the general protocols of orthopedic treatment and declared by the manufacturer. Key words: temporary non-removable orthopedic structures, CAD/CAM systems, milling, cements for temporary fixation.
Study of correlations between dental pathology and headache in adult patients (literature review)
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Drohomyretska M. , Yezerska O. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Headache is the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide and the third leading cause of disability among people aged 50 years and older. Primary headaches are accompanied by a complex of musculoskeletal orofacial pain known as temporomandibular disorders (TMD). At the same time, the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) defined the category of secondary “headache associated with TMD” (HATMD). Purpose: based on the analysis of literary sources, to determine correlations between pathological conditions of the dental and jaw system and headache in adult patients. Materials and methods. Information search and analysis of scientific sources was carried out using scientometric databases Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar over the past 15 years. Conclusion. The results of numerous scientific studies presented in the review confirm the existence of correlations between pathological conditions of the maxillofacial system and headache in adult patients and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to their complex treatment. Key words: headache, orofacial pain, temporomandibular disorders, periodontal tissue pathology, bruxism.
Suomen ensimmäisen yliopistollisen harjoittelupäiväkodin juuret ja synty
Authors: Pihanperä Meri , Lepistö Jaana , Kinos Jarmo , Ruokonen Inkeri
Published: October 2024

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaiseen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajankoulutukseen sisältyvien opetusharjoitteluiden järjestämisen kehittymistä vuosina 1863–2020 mallikoulujen seimistä ja lastentarhoista yliopistolliseen harjoittelupäiväkoti Rauman pikkunorssiin. Tutkimustehtäviä on kaksi, joista ensimmäisen tavoitteena on selvittää, millaiseen historialliseen taustaan yliopistollinen harjoittelupäiväkotikonsepti rakentuu, ja toisen tavoitteena on tutkia, millaiseksi konseptiksi se kehittyi. Tutkimusaineistoina käytettiin opetusharjoittelujärjestelmän kehittymisen vaiheita ja keskeisiä tapahtumia käsitteleviä historian tutkimuksia, viranomaisten selvityksiä, hallinnollisia ja lainsäädännöllisiä asiakirjoja sekä Rauman pikkunorssin suunnittelusta vastanneiden asiantuntijaryhmien kokousmuistioita (N=21) vuosien 2017–2020 aikana. Aineistot analysoitiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysilla. Tutkimuksen tuloksena tarkastellaan varhaiskasvatuksen opettajankoulutuksen ja luokanopettajankoulutuksen eroavuutta niiden opetusharjoitteluiden kehittymisen osalta sekä kuvataan Rauman pikkunorssia yhtenä ratkaisuyrityksenä opettajankoulutuksen opetusharjoittelujärjestelmän yhtenäistämiseksi Turun yliopistossa. Lisäksi esitellään Rauman pikkunorssin kehittymistä tilojen, toimintojen ja toimijoiden kautta määriteltynä. Yhteenvetona tarkastellaan varhaiskasvatuksen opettajankoulutuksen opetusharjoittelujärjestelmän kehittymisen käännekohtia ja yliopistollisen harjoittelupäiväkodin perustamista osana sitä.
The economic impacts of declining pasture harvest on Northland and Waikato dairy farms
Authors: Marmont Benjamin , Neal Mark , Minnee Elena
Published: October 2024

Estimated pasture and crop eaten in Te Tai Tokerau (Northland) and Waikato is decreasing at approximately 0.5 - 1.0 tDM/ha/decade, respectively. espite the falling pasture harvest, milk production has been relatively constant over time due to increased supplement use and farm system changes. Declining pasture harvest trends driven by climate change are likely to continue, and it is essential to understand the impact of this decline on the economic performance of the pastoral sector and to what extent farmer adaptation or potential for enhanced action may mitigate the impact. We combine farm-level data of estimated pasture harvest losses with the Dairy Sector Pathways (DSP) model to estimate how pasture growth may change on dairy farms in Northland and Waikato/Toi Moana (Bay of Plenty). We construct two future scenarios, ‘business as usual’ (BAU) and ‘farmer adaptation (FA).’ Under BAU, pasture growth losses continue at the same rate, offset by increased supplement use. In FA, farmers integrate alternative climate-resilient pasture species into their system, partially mitigating the pasture growth losses experienced under BAU by adopting emergent innovations. We find excess net present value (NPV) associated with FA over that of BAU of $1.3b across Northland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions. The estimated pasture losses are not faced by dairy alone, with the wider pastoral sector requiring forages resilient to climate change. Developing forages resilient to climate change might seem like a problem specific to Northland, but given enough time, regions to the south may face similar conditions. Therefore, identifying resilient forages and designing adapted farm systems supported by extension networks is critical to the future of pastoral farming in New Zealand.
Survival of white clover rhizobium isolate S11N9 in different delivery systems: assessment of potential for commercialisation
Authors: Shi Shengjing , Villamizar Laura , Barrett Elissa , Caradus John , O'Callaghan Maureen
Published: October 2024

New Zealand pastoral farmers benefit from N2 fixed by the white clover-rhizobium symbiosis, but rhizobia isolates vary widely in their N-fixation ability. Rhizobium leguminosarum S11N9, isolated in NZ, outperforms the current commercial isolate TA1 in laboratory, glasshouse, and field trials. This study investigated production and shelf-life of S11N9 to establish its feasibility as a potential new rhizobium inoculant for white clover. Freeze dried and peat inoculants were prepared for both the S11N9 and TA1 rhizobia. s. Peat inoculants were subsequently formulated into granules and seed coatings using AgResearch technologies. Both isolates produced similar fermentation yields.  S11N9 stored as freeze-dried powder at 4 oC survived longer than TA1 (12 vs. 10 months, respectively). Similarly, S11N9 peat inoculant had a longer shelf-life than TA1 when stored at 4 °C (44.7 vs. 21.7 months, respectively) and 20 °C (17.2 vs 9.1 months, respectively). Seeds coated with S11N9 had higher initial loadings than TA1 (107 vs 106 rhizobia/g seeds, respectively) but both declined on seeds stored at 20 °C at a similar rate. Both isolates were stable in peat granules for two months at 20 °C but TA1 dropped below target specifications after three months. Results suggest that isolate S11N9 is a promising alternative to TA1 and has high potential to be developed as a commercial inoculant for white clover.
Fuelled by Science and Tempered by Experience
Authors: Copland Laurie
Published: October 2024

Graham Kerr, in his Address, said he “joined the (NZGA) Executive, to support science and objective thinking.” He also said “science is under fire, as never before. It is misquoted, misused and misunderstood.” Over my 45 years as a farmer, I’ve witnessed movements in farming that are supposedly better than conventional farming. Permaculture, Organic,Biodynamic and more recently Regenerative. Whether these are better depends on definitions. For me, I’m a conventional farmer, which by my definition means using science.
Artificial Intelligence Supported Analysis of Children's Pictures: Preschool Period Applications
Authors: Derinoğlu Hande , Laçinbay Kerim
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of artificial intelligence tools in analyzing preschool children's drawings and to determine whether they are effective in analyzing children's drawings. The study group of the research consists of 4 preschool students in the age group of 5 within the scope of Melik Ahmet Gazi Primary School in Tokat province. The research is based on a qualitative research method called multiple case study and documents and semi-structured interview forms were used to collect data. The study group, which was determined by simple random sampling method, was administered the people, family, tree and house drawing tests and each child drew 4 pictures from each test. The data were analyzed and compared in detail by content analysis method using MaxQDA analysis program. The results show that both methods have strengths and weaknesses. While researchers evaluate in detail the first impression, developmental appropriateness and positioning of the drawings, AI has the advantages of speed and objectivity. AI is effective in identifying specific patterns and structures and excels in fast and accurate processing of objective data. Researchers are more successful with contextual and qualitative data.
Investigation of the Use of Hops (Humulus lupulus) and Calendula (Calendula officinalis) As Disinfectants on the Hatching Efficiency of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Nazımoğulları Memduh Uğur , Yanık Telat
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential application of plant-based resources with antimicrobial properties, namely hops (Humulus lupulus) and calendula (Calendula officinalis), as viable alternatives to commercial disinfectants for the prevention of fungal growth during the incubation period of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. Fertilized eggs were examined with daily 20-minute baths in 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg concentrations throughout the incubation period (33-35 days). Control group, commercial formaldehyde, hops, and calendula groups were examined in triplicate for each concentration. As a result, the lowest hatching ratio was observed in the control group with 84.77%, while the hatching ratios in the other groups were as follows: commercial disinfectant group with 86.22%, hops group with 87.44% (0.25 mg), calendula group 88% with (0.25 mg), calendula group with 89% (0.5 mg), calendula group with 89.33% (1 mg), hops group with 89.55% (0.5 mg), and the highest hatching ratio was found in the hops group with 90.66% (1 mg). The lowest survival rate was observed in the control group with 85.22%, with the survival rates of the other groups were 86.44% in the commercial disinfectant group, 87.55% (0.25 mg) in the hops group, 88.55% (0.25 mg) in the calendula group, 88.88% (0.5 mg) in the calendula group, 89.33% (1 mg) in the calendula group, 89.55% (0.5 mg) in the hops group, and the highest survival rate was 90.11% (1 mg) in the hops group. In conclusion, it was specified that plant-based by-products (hops and calendula) could be used as alternative disinfectants to commercial chemicals in the disinfection of rainbow trout eggs and fry, and the most appropriate concentration was 1 mg.
Implications of DNA damage in chronic lung disease
Authors: Zhang Dingning , Sun Tong , Bao Jiahui , Fu Jianhua
Published: October 2024

DNA plays an indispensable role in ensuring the perpetuation of life and safeguarding the genetic stability of living organisms. The emergence of diseases linked to a wide spectrum of responses to DNA damage has garnered increasing attention within the scientific community. There is growing evidence that patterns of DNA damage response in the lungs are associated with the onset, progression, and treatment of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Currently, some studies have analyzed the mechanisms by which environmental factors induce lung DNA damage. In this article, we summarize inducible factors of lung DNA damage, current indicators, and methods for diagnosing DNA damage in chronic lung diseases and explore repair mechanisms after DNA damage including nonhomologous end-joining and homology-directed repair end joining pathways. Additionally, drug treatments that may reduce DNA damage or promote repair after it occurs in the lungs are briefly described. In general, more accurate assessment of the degree of lung DNA damage caused by various factors is needed to further elucidate the mechanism of lung DNA damage and repair after damage, so as to search for potential therapeutic targets.
Predicting the solubility of CO2 and N2 in ionic liquids based on COSMO-RS and machine learning
Authors: Qin Hongling , Wang Ke , Ma Xifei , Li Fangfang , Liu Yanrong , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: October 2024

As ionic liquids (ILs) continue to be prepared, there is a growing need to develop theoretical methods for predicting the properties of ILs, such as gas solubility. In this work, different strategies were employed to obtain the solubility of CO2 and N2, where a conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used as the basis. First, experimental data on the solubility of CO2 and N2 in ILs were collected. Then, the solubility of CO2 and N2 in ILs was predicted using COSMO-RS based on the structures of cations, anions, and gases. To further improve the performance of COSMO-RS, two options were used, i.e., the polynomial expression to correct the COSMO-RS results and the combination of COSMO-RS and machine learning algorithms (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) to develop a hybrid model. The results show that the COSMO-RS with correction can significantly improve the prediction of CO2 solubility, and the corresponding average absolute relative deviation (AARD) is decreased from 43.4% to 11.9%. In contrast, such an option cannot improve that of the N2 dataset. Instead, the results obtained from coupling machine learning algorithms with the COSMO-RS model agree well with the experimental results, with an AARD of 0.94% for the solubility of CO2 and an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.15% for the solubility of N2.
Influence of gender, age, and body mass index on the gut microbiota of individuals from South China
Authors: Li Shenghui , Fan Shao , Ma Yufang , Xia Chuan , Yan Qiulong
Published: October 2024

Background

The symbiotic gut microbiota is pivotal for human health, with its composition linked to various diseases and metabolic disorders. Despite its significance, there remains a gap in systematically evaluating how host phenotypes, such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), influence gut microbiota.

Methodology/principal findings

We conducted an analysis of the gut microbiota of 185 Chinese adults based on whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of fecal samples. Our investigation focused on assessing the effects of gender, age, and BMI on gut microbiota across three levels: diversity, gene/phylogenetic composition, and functional composition. Our findings suggest that these phenotypes have a minor impact on shaping the gut microbiome compared to enterotypes, they do not correlate significantly within- or between-sample diversity. We identified a substantial number of phenotype-associated genes and metagenomic linkage groups (MLGs), indicating variations in gut microflora composition. Specifically, we observed a decline in beneficial Firmicutes microbes, such as Eubacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus spp., in both older individuals and those with higher BMI, while potentially harmful microbes like Erysipelotrichaceae, Subdoligranulum and Streptococcus spp. increased with age. Additionally, Blautia and Dorea spp. were found to increase with BMI, aligning with prior research. Surprisingly, individuals who were older or overweight exhibited a lack of Bacteroidetes, a dominant phylum in the human gut microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens, while certain species of the well-known probiotics Bifidobacterium were enriched in these groups, suggesting a complex interplay of these bacteria warranting further investigation. Regarding gender, several gender-associated MLGs from Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium and Akkermansia were enriched in females. Functional analysis revealed a multitude of phenotype-associated KEGG orthologs (KOs).

Conclusions/significance

Our study underscores the influence of gender, age, and BMI on gut metagenomes, affecting both phylogenetic and functional composition. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the precise roles of these bacteria, including both pathogens and probiotics.
Combining language models for knowledge extraction from Italian TEI editions
Authors: Santini Cristian
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the integration of language models for knowledge extraction (KE) from Italian TEI/XML encoded texts, focusing on Giacomo Leopardi's works. The objective is to create structured, machine-readable knowledge graphs (KGs) from unstructured texts for better exploration and linkage to external resources. The research introduces a methodology that combines large language models (LLMs) with traditional relation extraction (RE) algorithms to overcome the limitations of current models with Italian literary documents. The process adopts a multilingual LLM, that is, ChatGPT, to extract natural language triples from the text. These are then converted into RDF/XML format using the REBEL model, which maps natural language relations to Wikidata properties. A similarity-based filtering mechanism using SBERT is applied to keep semantic consistency. The final RDF graph integrates these filtered triples with document metadata, utilizing established ontologies and controlled vocabularies. The research uses a dataset of 41 TEI/XML files from a semi-diplomatic edition of Leopardi's letters as case study. The proposed KE pipeline significantly outperformed the baseline model, that is, mREBEL, with remarkable improvements in semantic accuracy and consistency. An ablation study demonstrated that combining LLMs with traditional RE models enhances the quality of KGs extracted from complex texts. The resulting KG had fewer, but semantically richer, relations, predominantly related to Leopardi's literary activities and health, highlighting the extracted knowledge's relevance to understanding his life and work.
Cardioneuroablation eliminating cardiac asystole associated with area postrema syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang EnRun , Li YuanJing , Yu Gang , Liu Gang , Deng Jiang , Wang YanFei , Yang Wei , Chen GuoDong , Zhu Dennis W. , Jia FengPeng
Published: October 2024

Background

There have been few instances of symptomatic bradycardia-arrhythmia in the context of area postrema syndrome (APS), and some of them have been implanted permanent pacemakers. Cardioneuroablation (CNA) has emerged as a viable therapy for the treatment of syncope induced by neutrally mediated bradycardia or atrioventricular block.

Methods

We report a young patient with recurrent cardiac asystole and syncope following persistent hiccups caused by neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), who successfully completed CNA treatment and avoided permanent pacemaker placement. We also summarized and analyzed 20 previously reported cases that were relevant to APS with bradyarrhythmia.

Results

In a patient with NMOSD, CNA can efficiently and safely eradicate symptomatic bradycardia-arrhythmia. A total of 21 cases were identified in the final analysis (including our case). The average age was 51 years old and female patients accounted for 38.1%. Brady-arrhythmia was presented in all patients, and 9 patients were implanted temporary or permanent pacemakers. 4 of the 9 patients were received permanent pacing therapy because they were not weaned off pacing support after etiological treatment.

Conclusions

Cardiac asystole and syncope after persistent hiccups may be the first signs of APS of medullary lesions, and CNA may be a useful therapy option for these patients in experienced centers. We believe that in this scenario, CNA may be a superior therapeutic option than permanent pacemaker placement. Additionally, the statement also serves as a cautionary reminder for health care professionals to establish an association between bradyarrhythmia and APS of medullary lesions in their clinical practice.
“Language means freedom to me” perspectives of Deaf and hard-of-hearing students on their experiences in the English as a foreign language classroom
Authors: Urbann Katharina , Gross Kristin , Gervers Alina , Kellner Melanie
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) to Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students is regarded as a major challenge.The aim of the study is to examine the perspectives of DHH students regarding their experiences in the EFL classroom.

Methods

Utilizing a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 former DHH students who learned English at German schools for the DHH.

Results

The findings reveal various language combinations within the EFL classroom, which entirely depend on the teacher. Several critical aspects of the EFL classes were highlighted, including the insufficient foreign sign language competences of teachers, the juxtaposition of German Sign Language (DGS) signs and spoken English, and the lack of Deaf cultural content and awareness in the teaching. Additionally, the absence of interactive engagement in the EFL classroom was noted as a significant issue. Based on the DHH students’ EFL learning experiences, both English and American Sign Language (ASL) served as foreign languages for young DHH individuals, particularly in the context of international communication and social media engagement.

Discussion

This study underscores the importance of integrating ASL into EFL classrooms to better support DHH students’ language learning needs. The findings highlight the critical role of teacher training in ASL and the necessity for standardized approaches to EFL instruction. By aligning teaching practices with students’ lived experiences and incorporating sign language, educators can foster more inclusive, effective learning environments that not only enhance academic success but also affirm students’ identities and rights.
Identify novel therapeutic targets for type II diabetes and periodontitis: insights from single-cell analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zou Mingrui , Yang Jichun
Published: October 2024

Background

Periodontitis is a common complication of type II diabetes (T2D). However, the existing research cannot fully elucidate the association between them, let alone identify therapeutic targets for precise treatment of diabetic periodontitis. Therefore, we employed integrated genetic approaches such as single-cell analysis, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and colocalization analysis to uncover novel therapeutic targets for T2D and periodontitis.

Methods

This study integrated single-cell analysis, MR analysis, colocalization analysis, phenotype scanning, cell-cell communication analysis and metabolic pathway activity analysis to unveil novel therapeutic targets for periodontitis and T2D. We firstly identified core cell clusters of T2D and periodontitis, and important marker genes were selected. The causal associations between these genes and the two diseases were evaluated through MR analysis. Reverse MR analysis, colocalization analysis, additional validation and phenotype scanning further supported our findings. Finally, cell-cell communication analysis and metabolic pathway activity analysis were employed to preliminarily investigate the mechanisms of the observed causal associations.

Results

Through analysis of scRNA-seq data, we identified classical monocytes and intermediate monocytes as core cell subclusters. Differential analysis identified 221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). MR analysis identified 13 genes exhibiting causal associations with T2D, and 11 causal genes with periodontitis. Colocalization analysis, reverse MR analysis, additional validation and phenotype scanning further enhanced the robustness of our results. Finally, we identified NCF1 as the core therapeutic target for T2D (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, p = 1.85  ×10−3) and LRRC25 for T2D (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, p = 3.44  ×10−2) and periodontitis (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-0.99, p = 4.45  ×10−2). At last, cell-cell communication analysis indicated significant differences in functions and metabolic pathway activity between monocytes expressing or not expressing the core causal genes, which preliminarily interpreted the observed causal associations.

Conclusion

This study integrated single-cell analysis, MR analysis and colocalization analysis to identified novel therapeutic targets for T2D and periodontitis. 13 causal genes were identified for T2D, and 11 for periodontitis. Among them, NCF1 and LRRC25 were regarded as core therapeutic targets. Our findings bridge the gap in the understanding of the association between T2D and periodontitis, and pave the way for targeted therapy of the two diseases.
Multi-scenario simulation and optimization of habitat quality under karst desertification management
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Shunmin , Li Xiaona , Chen Rong , Huang Xiaoyuan , Peng Jiansong
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Investigation of the evolutionary trend of habitat quality in karst and rocky desertification zones is crucial for enhancing ecological security and conservation.

Methods

Analysis of land use statistics from the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, changes in habitat quality (HQ) and land use (LULC) between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed using Huize County in Yunnan Province as an example. The InVEST and FLUS models were applied to simulate LULC under different scenarios in 2030 and 2040 and assess changes in spatial gradients of habitat quality at each timepoint and factors influencing them.

Results

The findings indicated that (1) The predominant land use types are grassland and woodland, experiencing the most significant growth in urbanized areas, the main sources of which are paddy fields and high-cover grassland. (2) The habitat quality between 2000 and 2020 was average and displayed a consistent decline. The spatial distribution pattern indicates low HQ in urban areas, high HQ in the outskirts, low HQ in the south-west, and high HQ in the north-east. In all four scenarios, habitat quality predominantly decreases in urban areas and regions with a dense concentration of built-up land. (3) Habitat quality spatial distribution is primarily affected by the type of land use, with NDVI being the secondary determinant.

Discussion

The ecological environment of Huize County must be restored and safeguarded with a focus on ecological priorities and harmonious development scenarios. This study provides methodological lessons for ecorestoration and policymakers in areas of karstic rocky desertification.
Perplexing paradoxical reactions: navigating the complexity of protracted tuberculosis meningitis—a case report
Authors: Gooding Megan S. , Hammoud Dima A. , Epling Brian , Rocco Joseph , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Kuriakose Safia , Chaturvedi Mansi , Galindo Frances , Ma Stella V. , Mystakelis Harry , Poole April , Russo Kelly , Shah Maunank , Malone Joseph L. , Rupert Adam W. , Sereti Irini , Manion Maura
Published: October 2024

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has considerable mortality and morbidity, and it often presents therapeutic challenges when complicated by paradoxical reactions (PRs). Here, the clinical course of four cases of TBM patients complicated by PRs in a longitudinal TB cohort is described while also providing insights from the larger clinical cohort. Research flow cytometry, biomarker analysis, and drug concentrations were performed on available samples. All participants were initiated on standard antituberculosis therapy (ATT) and enrolled at the onset of PRs (PR group) or 2–4 months after the start of ATT (controls). The four TBM participants highlighted here presented with fevers, headaches, neurological deficits, and fatigue at the initial presentation. Upon diagnosis, all were initiated on rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (RHZE) at standard doses and on corticosteroids. The median time to first PR was 37 days with recrudescence of initial TBM signs and symptoms at the time of PR. At the time of referral, all participants had low drug concentrations requiring dose optimization and regimen intensification as well as recrudescent flares upon corticosteroid taper, with one individual developing enlargement of tuberculoma 1 year following completion of ATT. Based on biomarkers and flow cytometry, PRs are characterized by elevated interferon-gamma and ferritin levels in the plasma compared to controls. In the TBM participants, T-cell activation with elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was seen at the time of PR. These unique and highly detailed TBM cases provide insights into the pathogenesis of PRs, which may assist with future diagnostics and treatment.
Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis
Authors: Lin Lin , Lin Yumeng , Han Zhongyu , Wang Ke , Zhou Shuwei , Wang Zhanzhan , Wang Siyu , Chen Haoran
Published: October 2024

Lung disease development involves multiple cellular processes, including inflammation, cell death, and proliferation. Research increasingly indicates that autophagy and its regulatory proteins can influence inflammation, programmed cell death, cell proliferation, and innate immune responses. Autophagy plays a vital role in the maintenance of homeostasis and the adaptation of eukaryotic cells to stress by enabling the chelation, transport, and degradation of subcellular components, including proteins and organelles. This process is essential for sustaining cellular balance and ensuring the health of the mitochondrial population. Recent studies have begun to explore the connection between autophagy and the development of different lung diseases. This article reviews the latest findings on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in lung diseases, with an emphasis on potential targeted therapies for autophagy.