bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary care perceptions of neurology and neurology services
Authors: Loftus Angela M , Wade Carrie , McCarron Mark O
Published: May 2016

Background

Neurophobia (fear of neural sciences) and evaluation of independent sector contracts in neurology have seldom been examined among general practitioners (GPs).

Methods

A questionnaire determined GPs’ perceptions of neurology compared with other medical specialties. GP experiences of neurology services with independent sector companies and the local National Health Service (NHS) were compared. Areas of potential improvement in NHS neurology services were recorded from thematic analyses.

Results

Among 76 GPs neurology was perceived to be as interesting as other medical specialties. GPs reported less knowledge, more difficulty and less confidence in neurology compared with other medical specialties. There was a preference for a local NHS neurology service (p<0.001), which was easier to contact (p<0.001) and provided better follow-up. GPs reported that local neurology services provided better patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

GPs prefer local NHS neurology services to independent sector contracts. GPs’ evaluations should inform commissioning of neurology services. Combating neurophobia should be an integral part of responsive commissioning.
Influence of production systems on return and risk from malting barley production in western Canada
Authors: Smith E.G. , Turkington T.K. , O’Donovan J.T. , Edney M.J. , Juskiw P.E. , McKenzie R.H. , Harker K.N. , Clayton G.W. , Xi K. , May W.E. , Irvine R.B. , Brandt S. , Johnson E.N. , Perkovic S.
Published: May 2016

Profitable malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production systems are required to reverse the decline in area seeded to malting barley in western Canada. Systems that could increase the profitability of growing malting barley considered the previous crop, nitrogen (N) rate, and fungicide application. The net return (NR) and risk for these systems were computed from western Canada field data. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the impact of systems on NR over 21 site-years of field data. Risk was evaluated with a stochastic simulation model. NR was higher and risk lower for malting barley when the preceding crop was field pea (Pisum sativum L.), when fungicide was applied at the flag leaf stage for leaf disease control, and when N was 50% of the recommended N rate. Therefore, malting barley should be grown on field pea stubble at a lower N rate, with fungicide applied when there are leaf diseases.
An Algorithm for Identifying Symmetric Variables in the Canonical Reed–Muller Algebra System
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Shen Jizhong
Published: May 2016

To simplify the process for identifying 12 types of symmetric variables in the canonical Reed–Muller (CRM) algebra system, we propose a new symmetry detection algorithm based on AND-XOR expansion. By analyzing the relationships between the coefficient matrices of sub-functions and the order coefficient subset matrices based on AND-XOR expansion around two arbitrary logical variables, the constraint conditions of the order coefficient subset matrices are revealed for 12 types of symmetric variables. Based on the proposed constraints, the algorithm is realized by judging the order characteristic square value matrices. The proposed method avoids the complicated process for separating the AND–XOR expansion coefficients into different groups in the Reed–Muller transform methods and solves the problem of completeness in the RM type decomposition map method. The application results show that, compared with traditional methods the new algorithm is an optimal detection method in terms of applicability of the number of logical variables, detection types, and complexity of the identification process. The algorithm has been implemented in C language and tested on MCNC91 benchmarks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is convenient and efficient.
EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AUGMENTATION AND STORAGE CONDITION ON IMPACT RESISTANCE OF ORTHOPEDIC BONE CEMENT
Authors: KALANTARI MARYAM , HASHEMI ATA
Published: May 2016

Antibiotic-impregnated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement has been successfully used to treat infected joint arthroplasties and surgeons have advocated the use of antibiotic-treated bone cement to prevent possible infections in joint replacement surgeries. However, there is a concern that this addition may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the bone cement. In most cases, the addition of antibiotics to bone cement has been reported to lower its mechanical strength. The uniaxial, biaxial and three/four point bending tests of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement have been extensively performed and well documented. However, only a few documents have focused on the impact strength of bone cement. The present study reports the impact tests of control and antibiotic loaded bone cements at different temperatures and aging conditions. According to the results, the addition of gentamicin or vancomycin significantly reduced the samples' impact strength. Moreover, the samples aged in saline at 23[Formula: see text]C were more resistant than the samples aged in air at 23[Formula: see text]C. Furthermore, raising the storage temperature from 23[Formula: see text]C to 37[Formula: see text]C significantly lowered the bone cement's impact strength in both control and antibiotic loaded samples.
An Empirical Study on the Antecedents of Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship
Authors: Morales-Alonso Gustavo , Pablo-Lerchundi Iciar , Vargas-Perez Ana M.
Published: May 2016

This study sheds light on the importance of the exposure to entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial role models regarding the entrepreneurial intention of engineering students, as they are the potential founders of new knowledge intensive start-ups. With this purpose, a questionnaire surveying a sample of 851 engineering students from a technical university in Spain is developed. The results point out that parents who own a business foster entrepreneurial intention and related attitudes in their sons/daughters. To the contrary, civil servants are identified as a negative role model, hindering both attitudes and intentions towards entrepreneurship.
Computer science should stay young
Authors: Barak Boaz
Published: May 2016

Seeking to improve computer science publication culture while retaining the best aspects of the conference and journal publication processes.
What's next for digital humanities?
Authors: Mone Gregory
Published: May 2016

New computational tools spur advances in an evolving field.
Cellular and Molecular Biological Approaches to Interpreting Ancient Biomarkers
Authors: Newman Dianne K. , Neubauer Cajetan , Ricci Jessica N. , Wu Chia-Hung , Pearson Ann
Published: May 2016

Our ability to read the molecular fossil record has advanced significantly in the past decade. Improvements in biomarker sampling and quantification methods, expansion of molecular sequence databases, and the application of genetic and cellular biological tools to problems in biomarker research have enabled much of this progress. By way of example, we review how attempts to understand the biological function of 2-methylhopanoids in modern bacteria have changed our interpretation of what their molecular fossils tell us about the early history of life. They were once thought to be biomarkers of cyanobacteria and hence the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, but we now believe that 2-methylhopanoid biosynthetic capacity originated in the Alphaproteobacteria, that 2-methylhopanoids are regulated in response to stress, and that hopanoid 2-methylation enhances membrane rigidity. We present a new interpretation of 2-methylhopanes that bridges the gap between studies of the functions of 2-methylhopanoids and their patterns of occurrence in the rock record.
Altered Apical Morphology (Reverse Architecture): Use of Indirect Ultrasonic Technique for Orthograde MTA Placement in Maxillary Premolars
Authors: Sonali Kapoor , Suresh Agrawal Vineet , Abhishek Patel , Jenish Patel
Published: May 2016

Aim. To report the management and orthograde technique of MTA placement in case of reverse architecture maxillary premolars.Summary. Two cases of 17-year-old and 21-year-old female patients were referred to endodontic speciality for management of maxillary premolar having reverse architecture with wide immature open apex like a bell mouth. In both the cases, after control of intraradicular infection, it was decided to use MTA for apexification and obturation of canals. Orthograde placement of MTA is a challenging procedure in terms of length control and condensation especially in divergent irregular reverse architecture wide open apex. A novel technique with the help of finger plugger, sterilized paper point, and ultrasonic agitation for 3D compaction of MTA at apical reverse architecture was used. Thickening of the canal wall and complete apical closure were confirmed one year after the treatment.
Intermolecular Force Field Parameters Optimization for Computer Simulations of CH4in ZIF-8
Authors: Kanthima Phannika , Puphasuk Pikul , Remsungnen Tawun
Published: May 2016

The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is applied for obtaining the optimized intermolecular interaction parameters between CH4and 2-methylimidazolate ([C4N2H5]−) using quantum binding energies of CH4-[C4N2H5]−complexes. The initial parameters and their upper/lower bounds are obtained from the general AMBER force field. The DE optimized and the AMBER parameters are then used in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of CH4molecules in the frameworks of ZIF-8. The results show that the DE parameters are better for representing the quantum interaction energies than the AMBER parameters. The dynamical and structural behaviors obtained from MD simulations with both sets of parameters are also of notable differences.
Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging and Biologic Characterization of Thyroid Tumors by ImmunoPET Targeting of Galectin-3
Authors: D'Alessandria Calogero , Braesch-Andersen Sten , Bejo Kristel , Reder Sybille , Blechert Birgit , Schwaiger Markus , Bartolazzi Armando
Published: May 2016

The high prevalence of thyroid nodules in the adult population and the relatively low incidence of thyroid cancer make the preoperative identification of malignant lesions challenging. The β-galactoside–binding protein galectin-3 is widely expressed in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas, but not in normal thyrocytes and benign thyroid nodules. This molecule offers a candidate biomarker to improve thyroid cancer diagnosis. Here we report the development of an immunoPET approach for noninvasive imaging of thyroid cancer. The method employs a 89Zr-labeled mAb to galectin-3, which shows high specificity and binding affinity in vitro. Reliable and specific immunoPET imaging was obtained of thyroid cancer in vivo in murine xenograft models of human thyroid cancer. Our findings provide a method to improve the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules while reducing unnecessary surgery and social costs. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3583–92. ©2016 AACR.
Environmental Risk Factors for Essential Tremor
Authors: Jiménez-Jiménez Félix Javier , de Toledo-Heras María , Alonso-Navarro Hortensia , Ayuso-Peralta Lucía , Arévalo-Serrano Juan , Ballesteros-Barranco Angel , Puertas Inmaculada , Jabbour-Wadih Theresse , Barcenilla Beatriz
Published: May 2016

We conducted a case-control study searching for a possible role of environment in the risk of essential tremor (ET). We interviewed 142 ET patients and 284 age- and sex-matched controls about a family history of ET, exposure to environmental products containing lead, mercury, manganese, solvents and β-carbolines, and exposure to agricultural work, well water, pesticides, and cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking habits. In a univariate study, reported family history of ET and exposure to agricultural work, pesticides, smelting, frosted glass, paintings, wheat, corn, and barley were more frequent in the ET patient group. With a multivariate study, only reported family history of ET and exposure to agricultural work and frosted glass remained significant. Time of exposure to agricultural work, wheat and barley was significantly higher in ET patients. Age at onset of ET was significantly lower in patients with a family history of tremor and higher in patients exposed to iron-manganese alloys and alcohol. Time of exposure, but not total consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, was correlated with age at onset of ET. In conclusion, our study shows that the association between ET and reported family history of ET was robust, and that there were also associations between ET and exposure to some environmental factors (agricultural work and frosted glass).
Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor: Influence on Arteriovenous Fistula Thrombosis Development in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Bilgic Ayse , Ozdemir F. Nurhan , Bayraktar Nilufer , Karakus Sema , Sasak Gulsah , Arat Zubeyde , Sezer Siren , Haberal Mehmet
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) thrombosis is a common cause of morbidity in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Increased soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) levels have been associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. We aimed to investigate the possible effects of sEPCR levels on the development of AVF thrombosis in adult HD patients. Methods: 60 HD patients and 22 healthy controls were included. Patients were followed for 18 months and were divided into two groups according to AVF thrombosis development: group 1 (with thrombosis) and group 2 (without thrombosis). Also, patients classified into tertiles according to plasma sEPCR levels: lowest, intermediate, and highest. Groups were analyzed for any relationship between sEPCR levels and development of AVF thrombosis. Results: Mean plasma sEPCR levels were significantly higher in HD patients than they were in controls. Group 1 patients had significantly higher sEPCR levels compared with group 2 patients. Patients’ groups were similar regarding other possible risk factors for AVF thromboses. The rate of AVF thrombosis development was significantly higher in the highest sEPCR tertile. Conclusion: This is the first study to analyze sEPCR levels in HD patients. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between plasma sEPCR levels and development of AVF thromboses.
Control of Stress-Induced ACTH Secretion by Vasopressin and CRH: Additional Evidence
Authors: Ramos Adriana T. , Tufik Sergio , Troncone Lanfranco R.P.
Published: May 2016

Vasopressin and CRH have complementary roles in the secretion of ACTH following different stress modalities. The concomitant use of V1b and CRF1 receptor antagonists completely inhibits ACTH secretion in response to different stress modalities. The combination of the CRF1 antagonist SSR125543 with the V1b antagonist SSR149415 effectively suppressed plasma ACTH 1.30 h after injection in rats stressed by ether vapor inhalation for 1 min, restraint stress for 1 h or forced swimming for 5 min. The duration of the effect was also studied. The CRF1 antagonist effectively suppressed ACTH secretion in restraint stress, while the V1b antagonist was effective against ether inhalation. Both antagonists were necessary to block the forced swimming stress response. SSR125543 induced a prolonged effect and can be used in a model of prolonged HPA axis blockade.
Localized Eruptive Blue Nevi after Herpes Zoster
Authors: Colson Fany , Arrese Jorge E. , Nikkels Arjen F.
Published: May 2016

A 52-year-old White man presented with a dozen small, well-restricted, punctiform, asymptomatic, blue-gray macules on the left shoulder. A few months earlier, he had been treated with oral acyclovir for herpes zoster (HZ) affecting the left C7–C8 dermatomes. All the blue macules appeared over a short period of time and then remained stable. The patient had not experienced any previous trauma or had tattooing in this anatomical region. The clinical diagnosis suggested blue nevi. Dermatoscopy revealed small, well-limited, dark-blue, compact, homogeneous areas evoking dermal blue nevi. An excisional biopsy was performed and the histological examination confirmed a blue nevus. As far as we are aware of, this is the first report of eruptive blue nevi following HZ, and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of zosteriform dermatoses responding to an isotopic pathway. In addition, a brief review concerning eruptive nevi is presented.
Kognitiv-psychoedukative Therapie im Vergleich zu Bibliotherapie bei bipolarer Störung: Eine kontrollierte Gruppentherapiestudie
Authors: Lenz Gerhard , Berg Andrea , Breit-Gabauer Beatrix , Lorenz-Demelbauer Sabine , Stampfer Itha , Aigner Martin , Freidl Marion , Ossege Michael , Schaffer Markus
Published: May 2016

Hintergrund: Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie wird als zusätzlich wirksam zur medikamentösen Therapie in der Rückfallprophylaxe bei bipolaren Störungen angesehen. Es gibt bisher allerdings nur wenige Untersuchungen zu Therapien mit deutschsprachigen Therapiemanualen. PatientInnen und Methoden: In einer kontrollierten Gruppentherapiestudie für bipolare PatientInnen wurde die Wirksamkeit der kognitiv-psychoedukativen Therapie (KPT) nach dem Therapiemanual von Schaub et al. [2004] im Vergleich zu einer Bibliotherapie (BT) auf die Rückfallhäufigkeit hin untersucht. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 100 medizierte PatientInnen über 14 Wochen behandelt, 52 in der KPT-Gruppe und 48 in der BT-Gruppe. 12 Monate nach Beginn der Studie schnitten in der Globalbeurteilung nach der Clinical Global Impression (CGI)-Skala die PatientInnen der KPT-Gruppe signifikant besser ab als die der BT-Gruppe. In beiden Gruppen zeigt sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Anzahl der Krankheitsepisoden (in der BT-Gruppe allerdings nur für die manischen Episoden) und der Anzahl und Dauer stationärer Krankenhausaufenthalte. Außerdem konnten in beiden Gruppen positive Auswirkungen auf Krankheitskonzepte und eine Reduktion psychosozialer Beeinträchtigungen gezeigt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Beide Therapieformen sind wirksam in der Vorbeugung manischer Episoden, während nur die KPT-Gruppe auch einen Einfluss auf die Verhinderung depressiver Episoden sowie insgesamt eine höhere Wirksamkeit zeigte.
Perihematomal Diffusion Restriction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Depends on Hematoma Volume, But Does Not Predict Outcome
Authors: Stösser Sebastian , Neugebauer Hermann , Althaus Katharina , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan , Schocke Michael
Published: May 2016

Background: Perihematomal diffusion restriction (PDR) is a frequent finding in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on diffusion-weighted MRI. Its frequency, associated clinical and imaging findings and impact on clinical outcome are not well understood. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center analysis of 172 patients with primary ICH who received MRI within 24 h from symptom onset. PDR was defined as a reduction of apparent diffusion coefficient below 550 × 10-6 mm2/s. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess independent imaging and clinical predictors of PDR. Clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge. Results: PDR was present in 88 patients (51.2%). Median PDR volume was 1.1 ml (interquartile range 0.2-4.2). Multivariate analyses identified hematoma volume as the key independent predictor of PDR. The volume of perihematomal edema, lobar hematoma location and low diastolic blood pressure at admission were further predictors. Although the occurrence of PDR correlated with in-hospital mortality (75.0 vs. 43.4%, p < 0.001) and moderately severe to severe disability or death at discharge (mRS ≥4; 56.4 vs. 27.8%, p = 0.002), PDR was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. In contrast, hematoma volume, ventricular extension of hemorrhage and higher age independently predicted an adverse clinical outcome. Conclusions: PDR is common after primary ICH within 24 h of symptom onset. Hematoma volume was identified as the key predictor of PDR. Although PDR was associated with mortality and severe disability, this effect was confounded by established risk factors. These results do not support a role of early PDR as prognostic factor after ICH independent of hematoma volume.
Influence of Septal Thickness on the Clinical Outcome After Alcohol Septal Alation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jensen Morten K. , Jacobsson Linda , Almaas Vibeke , Buuren Frank van , Hansen Peter R. , Hansen Thomas F. , Aakhus Svend , Eriksson Maria J. , Bundgaard Henning , Faber Lothar
Published: May 2016

Background—

We assessed the influence of interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) on the clinical outcome and survival after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed 531 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (age: 56±14 years, men 55%) treated with ASA. Survival status was obtained 7.9±4.0 years after ASA. Baseline IVSd was inversely associated with survival (hazard ratio [HR] for 1 mm increment, 1.13; confidence interval, 1.05–1.21;
P
<0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and ASA-performing center. Compared with patients with baseline IVSd <20 mm, patients with baseline IVSd ≥25 mm had reduced survival (HR, 5.0; CI, 2.1–12), whereas patients with baseline IVSd 20 to 24 mm had similar survival (HR, 1.4; CI, 0.7–2.8). Baseline IVSd was not correlated with New York Heart Association class, Canadian Cardiology Society class, or syncope. Clinical outcome was assessed 0.6±0.6 years after ASA. IVSd was not related to left ventricular outflow tract gradient reduction at rest (
P
=0.883) or during Valsalva maneuver (
P
=0.885). The proportion of patients in New York Heart Association class 3 to 4 was reduced from 86% to 10%; in Canadian Cardiology Society class 3 to 4 from 26% to 2%; and with syncope from 25% to 2%. There were no correlations between baseline IVSd and New York Heart Association class (
P
=0.067), Canadian Cardiology Society class (
P
=0.106), or syncope (
P
=0.426) after ASA.

Conclusions—

ASA had equal effects on left ventricular outflow tract gradients and symptoms throughout the spectrum of septal hypertrophy. Severe septal hypertrophy before ASA remained a marker of reduced survival after ASA with a 5-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with baseline IVSd >25 mm compared with patients with baseline IVSd <20 mm.
Pilot Study of Blood Pressure in Girls With Turner Syndrome
Authors: Los Evan , Quezada Emilio , Chen Zunqiu , Lapidus Jodi , Silberbach Michael
Published: May 2016

Cardiovascular disease is the major factor that reduces lifespan in Turner syndrome. High blood pressure (BP) is common in Turner syndrome and is the most easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor. We studied the prevalence of elevated screening systemic BP, awareness of the problem, and its clinical associations in a large group of girls attending the annual meeting of the Turner Syndrome Society of the United States. Among 168 girls aged 2 to 17 years, 42% had elevated screening BP (systolic and diastolic), yet only 8% reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension. History of aortic coarctation repair (17%) was positively associated with elevated systolic BP (52% versus 32%;
P
<0.05). Elevated systolic BP was positively associated with obesity (56% versus 31%;
P
<0.05). Because the prevalence of obesity in the studied population was similar to Center for Disease Control published data for obesity in all girls and the prevalence of increased BP is approximately twice that of the general population, the Turner syndrome phenotype/genotype probably includes an intrinsic risk for hypertension. Obesity and repaired aortic coarctation increase this risk further. There seems to be a BP awareness gap in girls with Turner syndrome. Because girls living with Turner syndrome are a sensitized population for hypertension, further study may provide clues to genetic factors leading to a better understanding of essential hypertension in the general population.
“Be Your Own Man”: Student Activism and the Birth of Black Studies at Amherst College, 1965–1972
Authors: Baumgartner Kabria
Published: May 2016

Historians have examined how social movements influenced African American student activism in mid-to-late twentieth century America. This essay extends the scholarship by telling the story of African American male student activists who led the fight for curricular reform at Amherst College, then an all-male liberal arts college in Massachusetts. This local story reveals that African American student activism was driven by social movements as well as the distinctive mission of the liberal arts college.
Redescription of three cirolanid isopods (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Indonesia
Authors: SIDABALOK CONNI M. , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: May 2016

Three species of Cirolanidae described by Nierstrasz in 1931 are redescribed from the type material: Cirolana indica Nierstrasz, 1931, with new material from Singapore and Lombok Island, Indonesia; C. vanhoeffeni Nierstrasz, 1931; and C. stebbingi Nierstrasz, 1931, which is here transferred to the genus Politolana Bruce, 1981 based on the elongate body, long peduncle of pleopod 1, narrow and slender frontal lamina, flat and robust carpus of pereopod 7, long and acute robust setae on merus–propodus pereopod 1, secondary unguis on dactylus, and antenna peduncle articles 1–2 shorter than the subequal articles 3–5.
Models for Multiscale Interactions. Part II: Madden–Julian Oscillation, Moisture, and Convective Momentum Transport
Authors: Majda Andrew J. , Stechmann Samuel N.
Published: May 2016

It is well known that the envelope of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) consists of smaller-scale convective systems, including mesoscale convective systems (MCS), tropical cyclones, and synoptic-scale waves called “convectively coupled equatorial waves” (CCW). In fact, recent results suggest that the fundamental mechanisms of the MJO involve interactions between the synoptic-scale CCW and their larger-scale environment (Majda and Stechmann). In light of this, this chapter reviews recent and past work on two-way interactions between convective systems—both MCSs and CCW—and their larger-scale environment, with a particular focus given to recent work on MJO–CCW interactions.
Assessment of Arctic Cloud Cover Anomalies in Atmospheric Reanalysis Products Using Satellite Data
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Key Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2016

Cloud cover is one of the largest uncertainties in model predictions of the future Arctic climate. Previous studies have shown that cloud amounts in global climate models and atmospheric reanalyses vary widely and may have large biases. However, many climate studies are based on anomalies rather than absolute values, for which biases are less important. This study examines the performance of five atmospheric reanalysis products—ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, NCEP R1, and NCEP R2—in depicting monthly mean Arctic cloud amount anomalies against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations from 2000 to 2014 and against Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations from 2006 to 2014. All five reanalysis products exhibit biases in the mean cloud amount, especially in winter. The Gerrity skill score (GSS) and correlation analysis are used to quantify their performance in terms of interannual variations. Results show that ERA-Interim, MERRA, MERRA-2, and NCEP R2 perform similarly, with annual mean GSSs of 0.36/0.22, 0.31/0.24, 0.32/0.23, and 0.32/0.23 and annual mean correlation coefficients of 0.50/0.51, 0.43/0.54, 0.44/0.53, and 0.50/0.52 against MODIS/CALIPSO, indicating that the reanalysis datasets do exhibit some capability for depicting the monthly mean cloud amount anomalies. There are no significant differences in the overall performance of reanalysis products. They all perform best in July, August, and September and worst in November, December, and January. All reanalysis datasets have better performance over land than over ocean. This study identifies the magnitudes of errors in Arctic mean cloud amounts and anomalies and provides a useful tool for evaluating future improvements in the cloud schemes of reanalysis products.
A Study of Rain Forecast Error Structure Based on Radar Observations over a Continental-Scale Spatial Domain
Authors: Fekri Majid , Yau M. K.
Published: May 2016

This study examines the univariate error covariances of hourly rainfall accumulations using two different NWP models and a mosaic of radar reflectivity over a continental-scale domain. The study focuses on two main areas.

The focus of the first part of the paper is on the ensemble-based and the innovation-based error variance and correlation estimations. An ensemble of forecasts and a set of observations provide the basis for estimating the errors in two different ways. The results indicate that both ensemble- and innovation-based methods lead to comparable variance estimations, while the local error correlation estimates have larger differences due to the sensitivity of calculations to the gradient of the variance field.

The second part of the paper uses innovations for identifying the errors. The focus of this part is on a prognostic method for estimating the error statistics from the background based on the Bayesian inference technique. The case study shows that the predictive model produces a similar result regarding the magnitude and the dispersion of variance in comparison with the innovation and ensemble-based variances.

This study represents a step toward estimating local error variances and local error correlations to construct a nonhomogeneous and precipitation-dependent error covariance matrix of rainfall. These results will be used in a future paper in the design of a 2D-VAR Assimilation Method for Blending Extrapolated Radars (AMBER) with NWP precipitation forecast to form a precipitation nowcasting model.
Impact of MPEX Upsonde Observations on Ensemble Analyses and Forecasts of the 31 May 2013 Convective Event over Oklahoma
Authors: Hitchcock Stacey M. , Coniglio Michael C. , Knopfmeier Kent H.
Published: May 2016

This study examines the impact of assimilating three radiosonde profiles obtained from ground-based mobile systems during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) on analyses and convection-permitting model forecasts of the 31 May 2013 convective event over Oklahoma. These radiosonde profiles (in addition to standard observations) are assimilated into a 36-member mesoscale ensemble using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) before embedding a convection-permitting (3 km) grid and running a full ensemble of 9-h forecasts. This set of 3-km forecasts is compared to a control run that does not assimilate the MPEX soundings. The analysis of low- to midlevel moisture is impacted the most by the assimilation, but coherent mesoscale differences in temperature and wind are also seen, primarily downstream of the location of the soundings. The ensemble of forecasts of convection on the 3-km grid are improved the most in the first three hours of the forecast in a region where the analyzed position of low-level frontal convergence and midlevel moisture was improved on the mesoscale grid. Later forecasts of the upscale growth of intense convection over central Oklahoma are improved somewhat, but larger ensemble spread lowers confidence in the significance of the improvements. Changes in the horizontal localization radius from the standard value applied to the MPEX sounding assimilation alters the specific times that the forecasts are improved in the first three hours of the forecasts, while changes to the vertical localization radius and specified temperature and wind observation error result in little to no improvements in the forecasts.
Original Research: Potential of urinary nephrin as a biomarker reflecting podocyte dysfunction in various kidney disease models
Authors: Wada Yusuke , Abe Masaki , Moritani Hiroshi , Mitori Hikaru , Kondo Mitsuhiro , Tanaka-Amino Keiko , Eguchi Megumi , Imasato Akira , Inoki Yutaka , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Mimura Toshihide , Tomura Yuichi
Published: May 2016

Urinary nephrin is a potential non-invasive biomarker of disease. To date, however, most studies of urinary nephrin have been conducted in animal models of diabetic nephropathy, and correlations between urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio and other parameters have yet to be evaluated in animal models or patients of kidney disease with podocyte dysfunction. We hypothesized that urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio can be up-regulated and is negatively correlated with renal nephrin mRNA levels in animal models of kidney disease, and that increased urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio levels are attenuated following administration of glucocorticoids. In the present study, renal nephrin mRNA, urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, and creatinine clearance ratio were measured in animal models of adriamycin nephropathy, puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy, anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, and 5/6 nephrectomy. The effects of prednisolone on urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio and other parameters in puromycin aminonucleoside (single injection) nephropathy rats were also investigated. In all models tested, urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio increased, while renal nephrin mRNA and creatinine clearance ratio decreased. Urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio exhibited a significant negative correlation with renal nephrin mRNA in almost all models, as well as a significant positive correlation with urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio and a significant negative correlation with creatinine clearance ratio. Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio exhibited a significant negative correlation with renal nephrin mRNA. Following the administration of prednisolone to puromycin aminonucleoside (single injection) nephropathy rats, urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly suppressed and exhibited a significant positive correlation with urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. In addition, the decrease in number of glomerular Wilms tumor antigen-1-positive cells was attenuated, and urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio exhibited a significant negative correlation in these cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that urinary nephrin-to-creatinine ratio level is a useful and reliable biomarker for predicting the amelioration of podocyte dysfunction by candidate drugs in various kidney disease models with podocyte dysfunction. This suggestion will also be validated in a clinical setting in future studies.
Edible Revolutionaries: The Rudolf Slánský Trial as a Romance
Authors: Steiner Peter
Published: May 2016

One of the most unique phenomena of the Stalinist political culture was the political trials of leading Communist functionaries that took place in the Soviet Union and the people's democracies from the 1930s to the 1950s, usually culminating with the defendants' executions. The distinctive features of all these miscarriages of justice were the public confessions of the accused to the most heinous felonies against the party and the Socialist regime with which they were charged. What was the reason for this? My article scrutinizes, from the generic perspective, the proceedings of the trial against the general secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Rudolf Slánský, and his thirteen codefendants, which took place in Prague in November 1952, and argues that it was emplotted as a romance. The public confessions, then, functioned as the narrative's “happy ending,” conditio sine qua non of the genre. Through them the malefactors willingly repenting the sins of the past demonstratively returned to the party's fold, and the party, in turn, claimed yet another victory in its ongoing war on the bourgeoisie.
ΕΝΑΣ ΞΕΝΟΣ ΕΝΑΝΤΙΟΝ ΦΙΛΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΜΜΟΥΝΙΣΜΟΥ: Ο ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΗΣ ΚΑΝΕΛ­ ΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΣΤΟ ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΤΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ
Authors: ΜΠΟΓΙΑΤΖΗΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΗΣ Α.
Published: May 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Αθανάσιος Γάλλος, Τα μικροαστικά στρώματα στη Γαλλική Επανάσταση (1787-1795): Μορφές δράσης, ιδεολογία και κοινωνικές αντιλήψεις, Αθήνα, Historical Quest, 2014
Authors: ΚΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΟΥΛΗ ΑΝΝΑ
Published: May 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.
Pedagogical Education: New Challenges and Development Prospects
Authors: ������������  , Abylkasymova A. , �������  , Ryzhakov Mikhail , �����  , Shishov Cergey
Published: May 2016

The article proposes identifi cation of the most likely ways of institutional changes in the system of pedagogical education in the conditions of innovation,

taking into account global socio-economic and socio-cultural trends that defi ne the essential aspects of training future teachers. International trends

of modernization of education are analyzed, which largely determine the directions of pedagogical education development. The problems of changes

in the value component of education in modern world are discussed. The materials are prepared within the framework of the project �Promising models

of development of pedagogical education in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of realization of Strategy �Kazakhstan � 2050�, approved by

the decision of National scientifi c council of the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan �Intellectual potential of the country�.
Improving the Integer L-Shaped Method
Authors: Angulo Gustavo , Ahmed Shabbir , Dey Santanu S.
Published: May 2016

We consider the integer L-shaped method for two-stage stochastic integer programs. To improve the performance of the algorithm, we present and combine two strategies. First, to avoid time-consuming exact evaluations of the second-stage cost function, we propose a simple modification that alternates between linear and mixed-integer subproblems. Next, to better approximate the shape of the second-stage cost function, we present a general framework to generate optimality cuts via a cut-generating linear program that considers information from all solutions found up to any given stage of the method. To address the impact of the proposed approaches, we report computational results on two classes of stochastic integer problems.
Identifikasi Situs Candi Bukit Carang, Karanganyar Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Tahanan Jenis Konfigurasi Dipol-Dipol
Authors: Jayanti Diah Sri , D Darsono , Legowo Budi
Published: May 2016

Identification of temple sites have been performed on the Bukit Carang region at
Anggrasmanis, Jenawi, Karanganyar, Central Javausing the geoelectricity resistivity
measurement with a dipoles configuration method. This method can determine buried sites around the site groundwork. Software Surfer ver 8.0 and Res2dinv ver 3.30b are used to analyze the mapping data and the sounding data, respectively. This research foundelevenanomalies structured andesite’s rock with resistivity of935-1511 Ωmwhich is considered as temple sites.
Analisa Sea Level Rise Dari Data Satelit Altimetri Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 Dan Jason-2 Di Perairan Laut Pulau Jawa Periode 2000 – 2010
Authors: Wuriatmo Hastho , Koesuma Sorja , Yunianto Mohtar
Published: May 2016

It has been conducted a research about sea level rise (SLR) in surrounding Jawa island by using satellite altimetry data Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 dan Jason-2 for period 2000 – 2010. Satellite altimetry is satellite which specially design for measuring dynamics of sea water. Those satellite lauched firstly in 1992 incorporation between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) dan European Space Agency (ESA). There are six locations for measuring SLR i.e. Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Pangandaran, Jogjakarta dan Prigi. We chose
locations based on alongtrack of satellite and near the big cities in Jawa island with dimension area around 0.5ox0.5o degrees. We found SLR rate for Jakarta (2.5 ± 0.24 mm/yr), Semarang (2.16 ± 0.20 mm/yr), Surabaya (2.72 ± 0.19 mm/yr), Pangandaran (0.71 ± 0.33 mm/yr), Jogjakarta (0.91 ± 0.38 mm/yr) and Prigi (1.3 ± 0.38 mm/yr). The average SLR rate for North coast is (2.46 ± 0.21 mm/yr) and for South coast (0.97 ± 0.36 mm/yr). This results are well
correlated with data from tide gauge stations.
Pengukuran Variabilitas Co2 dan Analisis Dampak Perubahan Iklim (Studi Kasus: Semarang)
Authors: Gernowo R , Kusworo A , Arifin Z
Published: May 2016

The increasing emission of CO2 in the air has led to the need to measure the gas content on a regular basis. The gas accumulates slowly in the layers of Earth's atmosphere. However, this need is constrained by a number of issues that later affect the accuracy of the mapping which includes the continuously circulating gas in the atmosphere. Researchers suspect that the amount of CO2 and other gases is getting higher due to the many additional human produced carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels. In this study climate change analysis was conducted in Semarang. The study looks deeper in the CO2 variability data from reference
studies and performs analysis of climate data from rainfall and CO2 measurement data of Semarang.
Solusi Persamaan Schrödinger untuk Potensial Hulthen + Non-Sentral Poschl-Teller dengan Menggunakan Metode Nikiforov-Uvarov
Authors: Sunarmi Nani , S Suparmi , C Cari
Published: May 2016

The Schrödinger equation for Hulthen potential plus Poschl-Teller Non-Central potential is solved analytically using Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The radial equation and angular equation are obtained through the variable separation. The solving of Schrödinger equation with Nikivorov-Uvarov method (NU) has been done by reducing the two order differensial equation to be the two order differential equation Hypergeometric type through substitution of appropriate variables. The energy levels obtained is a closed function while the wave functions (radial and angular part) are expressed in the form of Jacobi polynomials. The Poschl-Teller Non-Central potential causes the orbital quantum number increased and the energy of the Hulthen potential is increasing positively.
The Spanish Earth (1937): The circumstances of its production, the film and its reception in the United States and United Kingdom
Authors: Houssart Mark
Published: May 2016

I examine the political significance of the classic documentary The Spanish Earth in the context of the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939, challenging Russell Campbell’s argument that it should be considered in the light of ‘an overriding need for unity in the face of the enemy’. I argue instead that the film reflected the international Communist agenda. This emphasized defence of the Republic rather than engaging with its political complexities or with the demands of urban workers. I underline the film’s rural and Castilian focus, and describe its reception in the United States and United Kingdom, before offering an explanation for its continued currency in those countries, and an overview of the consequences.
Postmemory of the Spanish Civil War: Cinematographic constructions of the conflict in the twenty-first century
Authors: Coronado Ruiz Carlota
Published: May 2016

The Spanish Civil War has been the most frequently portrayed conflict on the large screen in Spanish cinema. It has been narrated from the points of view of both winners and losers and of those who experienced the war directly and indirectly. Most audio-visual works about this topic have been feature-length films that narrate the memory of those who lived through the conflict. However, in the twenty-first century, young film-makers have chosen to narrate their vision of the war through a different cinematographic format and language: the short film. This article analyses how a generation of film-makers born in democracy narrates the Civil War through the genre of the short film, a format that, oriented towards a young audience, shares its new codes, style and audio-visual language. This article will analyse short films, set between 1936 and 1939, that were produced in Spain in the last decade.
The foreign countdown: Historical memory and the Spanish Civil War in contemporary Argentinian literature
Authors: Sánchez Mariela Paula
Published: May 2016

Eight decades after the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, this article examines the ways in which the conflict continues to find its way into literature written on the other side of the Atlantic, seeking to revive the voices of the past in order to build a historical memory of the events. In this approach, investigations into the power of memory are conducted at the meeting point of two forms of ‘distance’ from the original event: temporal and spatial. The body of texts considered for this study comprises three novels: Tío Borís. Un héroe olvidado de la Guerra Civil Española (Graciela Mochkofsky, 2006), Mika (Elsa Osorio, 2012) and La abuela civil española (Andrea Stefanoni, 2014) and the play Quince moños rojos (Silvia Ramos, 2013). The analysis, which deals with the ways in which various narratives attempt to shape a memory of the defeated, is contextualized in relation to the re-emergence in Argentina of a desire for greater insight into the Spanish conflict – a trend that is observed across various disciplines, such as law and history. At a time when the possibility of intergenerational transmission is becoming progressively remote, the focus on geographically defined mechanisms for the study of the past reveals the importance of developing universal approaches to the analysis of traumatic memories.
Feminine resistances: The figure of the Republican woman in Carolina Astudillo’s documentary cinema
Authors: Quílez Esteve Laia
Published: May 2016

Since the early years of democracy in Spain, the figure of the Republican woman has been recovered, rehabilitated and reclaimed (albeit somewhat tepidly and as a minor part of the narrative) in documentaries as well as in fictional films. In terms of documentary, however, the filmography of Carolina Astudillo stands out. Astudillo is the author of several short films and a feature-length film in which she defends the importance of the role that women played in the Civil War, the rear-guard and the anti-Francoist resistance. This article seeks to analyse, from the perspective of gender, her film El gran vuelo/The Great Flight (2014) with the aim of showing the ways in which the documentarian – using the story of Clara Pueyo Jornet, a communist militant who disappeared in 1943 – gives shape to the memory of all women who disappeared without trace. We seek to show how Astudillo develops a case against the gender discrimination that continues to dominate the imaginary of the Civil War, and at the same time reflect on the imbrication of biography and history, past and present, memory and forgetting.
The paperless screenplay: Writing on, for and with the SCREEN
Authors: Sawtell Louise
Published: May 2016

In an era of digital film-making it is possible to include many different narratives, images, video and audio recordings into the screenplay. It becomes a multimodal form that is not limited by words perfectly formatted on a printed page. Now that audiences are reaching for more portable and accessible screens, it could be time for film-makers to use these devices during the script development stage. Through the use of digital technologies, the screen practitioner is able to develop, write and view the proposed story on many different screens. It is a new practice that I have adopted as a Ph.D. candidate for my feature film screenplay in development. In this article, I will explore the stages I have taken as a writer-director who has embraced multiple ways of writing and developing the screenplay on various screens. Through a creative and critical approach, I propose that a paperless screenplay has the potential to expand the possibilities of script development and invites the reader to share the experience of the story as it unfolds on the screen.