bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assemblage drawings as talking points: Deleuze, posthumans and climate-activist teachers
Authors: Everth Thomas , Gurney Laura , Eames Chris
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we employ Deleuzian philosophy to explore the complex challenges confronting teachers and education systems posed by the climate emergency and the implications of the resulting posthumanist turn. Self-identified climate-activist teachers working in schools in Aotearoa New Zealand were asked to draw Deleuzian assemblages of their educational realities and of themselves while contemplating the climate emergency. Their thought-provoking drawings were used as semiotic artefacts during unstructured Zoom interviews, leading to rich conversations. Through this process, the drawings channel affect within the research assemblage, entangling the reader actively into the research process. Insights gained from the participants problematise the perspectives of teachers in response to the climate emergency and lead us to conceptualise the potential of teachers as Deleuze’s nomadic change makers toward posthuman futures.
Estimation of safe flight envelope considering manoeuver overload based on cost-limited reachable set
Authors: Zhou F. , Nie H.
Published: December 2022

Depending on magnitude and duration, any manoeuvering overload can damage the structure of an aircraft and adversely affect the pilot’s concentration and reaction time. These are all threats to flight safety. The flight safety envelope estimation method based on the classical reachable set cannot take into account the effect of manoeuvering overload. To overcome this limitation, a generalized reachable set known as a cost-limited reachable set is introduced into the computation of flight safety envelopes in this paper. It differs from the classical reachable set in that the performance index of the system can be set as the time integral of a running cost, and it can discuss the ability to reach the trim set before the performance index grows to the admissible cost. When computing the flight safety envelope, the running cost is set as a weighted sum of time consumption and manoeuver overload factor, and the flight safety envelope is defined as a cost-limited reachable set of the trim set. The flight safety envelopes and optimal control laws under the different weight of manoeuver overload factors are analyzed.
Set superpartitions and superspace duality modules
Authors: Rhoades Brendon , Wilson Andrew Timothy
Published: December 2022

The superspace ring

$\Omega _n$

is a rank n polynomial ring tensored with a rank n exterior algebra. Using an extension of the Vandermonde determinant to

$\Omega _n$

, the authors previously defined a family of doubly graded quotients

${\mathbb {W}}_{n,k}$

of

$\Omega _n$

, which carry an action of the symmetric group

${\mathfrak {S}}_n$

and satisfy a bigraded version of Poincaré Duality. In this paper, we examine the duality modules

${\mathbb {W}}_{n,k}$

in greater detail. We describe a monomial basis of

${\mathbb {W}}_{n,k}$

and give combinatorial formulas for its bigraded Hilbert and Frobenius series. These formulas involve new combinatorial objects called ordered set superpartitions. These are ordered set partitions

$(B_1 \mid \cdots \mid B_k)$

of

$\{1,\dots ,n\}$

in which the nonminimal elements of any block

$B_i$

may be barred or unbarred.
Bloodstream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Tan Charlie , Hota Susy S. , Fan Eddy , Marquis Krista , Vicencio Elisa , Vaisman Alon
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in the care of patients with respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We characterized bloodstream infections (BSIs) and ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs) in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO, and we investigated their impact on patient outcomes.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021.

Setting:

Academic tertiary-care referral center.

Patients:

Consecutive adult patients admitted for COVID-19 who received ECMO.

Methods:

We identified BSIs and VAPs and described their epidemiology and microbiology. Cumulative antimicrobial use and the specific management of BSIs were determined. Multivariate time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the impact of BSIs and VAPs on mortality, controlling for age, receipt of COVID-19–specific therapeutics, and new renal replacement therapy.

Results:

We identified 136 patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 pneumonia during the study period. BSIs and VAPs occurred in 81 patients (59.6%) and 93 patients (68.4%), respectively. The incidence of BSIs was 29.5 per 1,000 ECMO days and increased with duration of ECMO cannulation. Enterococci, Enterobacterales, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common causes of BSIs, whereas S. aureus, Klebsiella species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprised the majority of VAPs. Mean antibiotic use comprised 1,031 days of therapy per 1,000 ECMO days (SD, 496). We did not detect an association between BSIs or VAPs and mortality.

Conclusions:

BSIs and VAPs are common in COVID-19 ECMO-supported patients. Efforts to optimize their diagnosis, prevention, and management should be prioritized.
A strategy for exploring subgroup-specific effects in nutrition science
Authors: Lambert Joshua , Xavier Teenu , Berger Kimberly , Peairs Abigail
Published: December 2022

Nutrients are an essential part of building and maintaining optimal health. Certain nutrient exposure has been shown to be associated with many important health outcomes, although there is variability among studies. Despite the scientific efforts of many, it is unclear why some well-hypothesised nutrients lack sufficient evidence for clear association with health outcomes. One potential reason for conflicting results is that certain subgroups of patients benefit or are harmed more by adequate or inadequate exposure to certain nutrients. These subgroup-specific effects have historically not been studied, or if they are, it is often in a one-off type of approach where the investigator believes that a subgroup effect could exist based on limited previous data. In the era of big data, improvements can be made in efforts to generate new hypotheses for subgroups of patients and recommendations for precision nutrition can be made. In the present paper, we present a strategy for exploring subgroup-specific effects in nutrient-related studies. This data-driven method can be useful in secondarily exploring which subgroups are harmed/helped most by inadequate/adequate nutrient exposure and could suggest target groups for future clinical trials to test the identified hypotheses. We then present an example study utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from the years 2001–2006. In this example, a limited selection of nutrients is protective in subgroups of participants with diabetes on their self-reported number of poor mental health days.
Does a universal basic income affect voter turnout? Evidence from Alaska
Authors: Loeffler Hannah
Published: December 2022

Does a universal basic income (UBI) affect voter turnout? This article argues that the introduction of an unconditional cash payment—where citizens receive money independent of employment status, age, or indigence—can have a turnout-enhancing effect. I evaluate the argument using the introduction of the Permanent Fund Dividend in Alaska. Differences-in-differences estimates covering November general elections from 1978 to 2000 provide compelling evidence that the Alaskan UBI has a significant positive effect on turnout. The results further suggest that the turnout increase was not a one-off effect but persists over a period of almost 20 years. Thus, a UBI has the potential to positively affect turnout among an entire electorate, adding to the discussion around potential welfare reforms in western democracies.
Rationale and design of IMPACT-women: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of time-restricted eating, healthy eating and reduced sedentary behaviour on metabolic health during chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Christensen Rebecca A. G. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Nadler Michelle , Prado Carla M. , Small Stephanie D. , Rickard Julia N. , Pituskin Edith , Paterson D. Ian , Mackey John R. , Thompson Richard B. , Kirkham Amy Ashley
Published: December 2022

Metabolic dysfunction and excess accumulation of adipose tissue are detrimental side effects from breast cancer treatment. Diet and physical activity are important treatments for metabolic abnormalities, yet patient compliance can be challenging during chemotherapy treatment. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a feasible dietary pattern where eating is restricted to 8 h/d with water-only fasting for the remaining 16 h. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a multimodal intervention consisting of TRE, healthy eating, and reduced sedentary time during chemotherapy treatment for early-stage (I–III) breast cancer on accumulation of visceral fat (primary outcome), other fat deposition locations, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk (secondary outcomes) compared with usual care. The study will be a two-site, two-arm, parallel-group superiority randomised control trial enrolling 130 women scheduled for chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. The intervention will be delivered by telephone, including 30–60-minute calls with a registered dietitian who will provide instructions on TRE, education and counselling on healthy eating, and goal setting for reducing sedentary time. The comparison group will receive usual cancer and supportive care including a single group-based nutrition class and healthy eating and physical activity guidelines. MRI, blood draws and assessment of blood pressure will be performed at baseline, after chemotherapy (primary end point), and 2-year follow-up. If our intervention is successful in attenuating the effect of chemotherapy on visceral fat accumulation and cardiometabolic dysfunction, it has the potential to reduce risk of cardiometabolic disease and related mortality among breast cancer survivors.
The role of verbal and working memory skills in Turkish-speaking children’s morphosyntactic prediction
Authors: Özkan Deniz , Küntay Aylin C. , Brouwer Susanne
Published: December 2022

The current study investigated the contribution of multiple verbal and working memory (WM) skills to morphosyntactic prediction in Turkish-speaking 4- to 8-year-old children. In a visual world eye-tracking experiment, 76 children were presented with verb-final sentences with nominative and accusative case markers on the initial noun (e.g., the fast rabbitnominative … the carrotaccusativeeatfuture vs. the fast rabbitaccusative … the foxnominativeeatfuture) while they were looking at a visual display with three objects (e.g., rabbit, carrot, and fox). Importantly, the case markers on the initial noun could be used to predict the second noun in these sentences. The results revealed that when children’s early productive vocabulary and language production skills were higher, the better and faster they were in predicting the upcoming noun. The episodic buffer, a component of WM, was also positively associated with children’s morphosyntactic prediction abilities. The implications of these results for the mechanisms of linguistic prediction are discussed.
The danger of bilingual–monolingual comparisons in applied psycholinguistic research
Authors: De Houwer Annick
Published: December 2022

The pervasive monolingual bias present within many societies threatens the well-being of bilingual children and their families. Unfortunately, such bias is present in much psycholinguistic research as well. Bilingual–monolingual comparisons with methodological approaches upholding monolingual norms are not equitable to bilinguals. We do not need such comparisons to learn more about bilingual use and processing. Instead, psycholinguistic research investigating the impact of different kinds of environments for language learning, use, and processing within bilingual populations can be transformative. Applied psycholinguistic research with an increased focus on investigating all the languages bilingual children and their families need for day-to-day communication, and on the factors supporting their learning and use, can help inform educators, policy makers, and language and speech professionals. This will hopefully contribute to the well-being of the people we study.
Buying Patience: Ordering and Purchasing Wedding Jewellery and Furniture through Intimate Networks during Eighteenth-Century Mercantile Marriage Initiation and Preparation
Authors: Haasis Lucas
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the practice of buying wedding jewellery and furniture for a new home during mercantile marriage initiation in the eighteenth century. At the centre of the paper is the act of marriage initiation between the Hamburg burgher's daughter Ilsabe Engelhardt and wholesale merchant Nicolaus Gottlieb Luetkens, who travelled France in the two years preceding his marriage. Luetkens postponed the marriage several times in order to finish business in France. As a compensation, Ilsabe Engelhardt instructed him to buy precious jewellery and valuable furniture. In order to comply with her requests, and to do so as quietly as possible, Luetkens had to mobilise their intimate network of close confidants in London and Amsterdam, who helped him to purchase the precious items.
Of trolleys and self-driving cars: What machine ethicists can and cannot learn from trolleyology
Authors: Königs Peter
Published: December 2022

Crashes involving self-driving cars at least superficially resemble trolley dilemmas. This article discusses what lessons machine ethicists working on the ethics of self-driving cars can learn from trolleyology. The article proceeds by providing an account of the trolley problem as a paradox and by distinguishing two types of solutions to the trolley problem. According to an optimistic solution, our case intuitions about trolley dilemmas are responding to morally relevant differences. The pessimistic solution denies that this is the case. An optimistic solution would yield first-order moral insights for the ethics of self-driving cars, but such a solution is difficult to come by. More plausible is the pessimistic solution, and it teaches us a methodological lesson. The lesson is that machine ethicists should discount case intuitions and instead rely on intuitions and judgments at a higher level of generality.
Emotional problems and peer victimization in adolescents born very preterm and full-term: Role of self-control skills in childhood
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter , Trower Hayley , Baumann Nicole , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Kajantie Eero , Schnitzlein Daniel , Lemola Sakari
Published: December 2022

The aim of the current study was to examine whether self-control skills in childhood moderate the association between very preterm birth (<32 weeks of gestational age) and emotional problems and peer victimization in adolescence. We used data from four prospective cohort studies, which included 29,378 participants in total (N = 645 very preterm; N = 28,733 full-term). Self-control was mother-reported in childhood at 5–11 years whereas emotional problems and peer victimization were both self- and mother-reported at 12–17 years of age. Findings of individual participant data meta-analysis showed that self-control skills in childhood do not moderate the association between very preterm birth and adolescence emotional problems and peer victimization. It was shown that higher self-control skills in childhood predict lower emotional problems and peer victimization in adolescence similarly in very preterm and full-term borns.
Presence, 2019–2022: Introduction
Authors: Jannarone Kimberly , Morrison Elise , Nyong’o Tavia
Published: December 2022

Our understanding of “presence” has made an epochal shift in the past three years. The field of performance studies—never settled, always in flux—is shifting as well on this topic, as what we study expands digitally, contracts physically, embraces new paradigms, and unlooses others. While it is impossible to fix an exact time when attitudes about something as ineffable yet entirely real as presence changed permanently, this issue touches down on several key moments.
Unburdening Liveness
Authors: Nyong’o Tavia
Published: December 2022

How has presence transformed under recent pandemic conditions and ongoing digital saturation? José Esteban Muñoz’s now classic critique of liveness illuminates the works of several contemporary Black performance artists whose work intervenes against the corporeal burdens of our moment.
Legal Methods for the Study of EU Institutional Practice
Authors: De Witte Bruno
Published: December 2022

Methodological choices in the legal study of the role of EU institutions – The so-called doctrinal legal method is appropriate, provided that it includes the analysis of key elements of non-legal institutional practice – Simple distinction between the study of ‘law in the books’ and that of ‘law in action’ to be qualified – Doctrinal legal scholarship is meaningful only when it acknowledges and incorporates a certain amount of ‘law in action’
‘Inoculated with the Ways of Anglicans’: Representing Indigenous Participation in Canadian Synodality, 1866
Authors: Brown Terry M. , Lofft Jonathan S.
Published: December 2022

The unprecedented participation by two Ojibwe-speaking Anishinabek lay delegates in the 1866 meeting of the Electoral Synod of the Anglican Diocese of Toronto garnered a brief flurry of contemporary journalistic coverage across a networked imperial and colonial press. In the most vivid reportage, the two delegates were dehumanized, reduced to the status of ‘Indian nags … becoming inoculated with the ways of Anglicans’. In another more distantly circulated representation, an Indigenous presence at the incipience of Canadian synodality was invested with different rhetorical significance, the unsettling scandal of their voting membership justifying the struggle for self-government in the nascent Anglican Churches of other colonies, thus laying bare anxieties about the precarious situation of colonial Anglicanism. Rather than presuming to interpret the experience and discourse of Indigenous Anglicans, nor simply documenting the first local episode of formal Indigenous involvement in the counsels of Anglicans in Canada, this paper introduces the Electoral Synod, the neglected texts that covered the event, along with the lives of the exoticized churchmen featured in their coverage.
‘I’m unlikeable, boring, weird, foolish, inferior, inadequate’: how to address the persistent negative self-evaluations that are central to social anxiety disorder with cognitive therapy
Authors: Warnock-Parkes Emma , Wild Jennifer , Thew Graham , Kerr Alice , Grey Nick , Clark David M.
Published: December 2022

Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) have a range of negative thoughts and beliefs about how they think they come across to others. These include specific fears about doing or saying something that will be judged negatively (e.g. ‘I’ll babble’, ‘I’ll have nothing to say’, ‘I’ll blush’, ‘I’ll sweat’, ‘I’ll shake’, etc.) and more persistent negative self-evaluative beliefs such as ‘I am unlikeable’, ‘I am foolish’, ‘I am inadequate’, ‘I am inferior’, ‘I am weird/different’ and ‘I am boring’. Some therapists may take the presence of such persistent negative self-evaluations as being a separate problem of ‘low self-esteem’, rather than seeing them as a core feature of SAD. This may lead to a delay in addressing the persistent negative self-evaluations until the last stages of treatment, as might be typically done in cognitive therapy for depression. It might also prompt therapist drift from the core interventions of NICE recommended cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD). Therapists may be tempted to devote considerable time to interventions for ‘low self-esteem’. Our experience from almost 30 years of treating SAD within the framework of the Clark and Wells (1995) model is that when these digressions are at the cost of core CT-SAD techniques, they have limited value. This article clarifies the role of persistent negative self-evaluations in SAD and shows how these beliefs can be more helpfully addressed from the start, and throughout the course of CT-SAD, using a range of experiential techniques.

Key learning aims

(1)

To recognise persistent negative self-evaluations as a key feature of SAD.

(2)

To understand that persistent negative self-evaluations are central in the Clark and Wells (1995) cognitive model and how to formulate these as part of SAD.

(3)

To be able to use all the experiential interventions in cognitive therapy for SAD to address these beliefs.
Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive behavioural therapy in older Japanese people with cognitive decline: a single-arm intervention
Authors: Kashimura Masami , Ishiwata Akiko , Tateno Amane , Spector Aimee
Published: December 2022

Studies have shown that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for older people with cognitive decline and depression/anxiety improves negative moods. However, CBT research focusing on this population in Japan is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a cognitive behavioural program for people with cognitive decline. Sixteen Japanese patients with mild dementia (n = 3) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 13) participated in the study. A single-arm, pre–post study was implemented in two hospitals in Japan. The CBT program included eight bi-weekly sessions. The feasibility outcomes (satisfaction, understanding and usefulness) were measured immediately after completing the sessions, and depression, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregiver burden were measured at three time points (i.e. before, immediately after, and 3-month follow-up). Ten MCI participants attended all sessions and the mean patient satisfaction scores using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire were 31.0±10.05 out of 32. Linear mixed model analyses demonstrated that the time effect was significant for depression (d = 1.62), anxiety (d = 1.39), and QOL (d = 1.00) for the patients, and significant for anxiety (d = 1.08) for their caregivers. The study found that this CBT program is feasible and acceptable for older Japanese people with cognitive decline. The program also improved patients’ QOL, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and decreased caregivers’ anxiety.

Key learning aims

(1)

Recently, studies have shown that CBT for older people living with dementia has been effective in treating their depression and anxiety. However, evidence for the efficacy of CBT and other curative or care options for people living with dementia is limited in Japan.

(2)

We studied a short-period CBT program and found that it was likely to be feasible and acceptable for use among older Japanese people with mild cognitive impairment, that it may improve negative mood among this group, and that it may lessen the care burden for caregivers.

(3)

Furthermore, we found that caregiver involvement in the implementation of CBT for older people may be effective in improving the mood of family members.
Attachment-based CBT models for psychosis: a PPI-informed approach for acute care settings
Authors: Newman-Taylor Katherine , Harper Sean , Maguire Tess , Sivyer Katy , Sapachlari Christina , Carnelley Katherine B.
Published: December 2022

People with psychosis often have prolonged in-patient1 admissions at high personal and economic costs. This is due in part to cognitive, affective and behavioural processes that delay recovery and discharge. For many, these processes are affected by enduring insecure attachment styles. People with insecure attachment struggle to manage strong feelings when unwell, and ward staff may struggle to know how best to offer support. Here, we outline the model of interpersonal process in cognitive therapy, and how this may be adapted to capture beliefs and behaviours associated with insecure attachment. Psychological interventions in acute care often fail due to implementation issues. For this reason, and in line with current guidance on developing complex interventions, we report on a series of Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) consultations with people with lived experience of psychosis, family members and ward staff on the potential utility of these attachment-based CBT models. The PPI meetings highlighted three themes: (1) the need to improve staff–patient interactions on wards; (2) continuity in staff–patient relationships is key to recovery; and (3) advantages and barriers to an attachment-based CBT approach. We conclude by describing how the models can be implemented in routine clinical practice, and generalised across services where interpersonal cognitive and behavioural processes may contribute to delays in people’s recovery.

Key learning aims

(1)

We need to adapt CBT models and skills to meet the needs of people in acute care.

(2)

People with psychosis, family members and ward staff highlight the need to improve staff–patient interactions on wards.

(3)

Attachment-based CBT models may be effective in conceptualising and responding more effectively to difficult interactions in these settings.
Deindustrialization fosters ethnonationalism; a comparative analysis of ethnonational parties in Western Europe, 1918–2018
Authors: Strijbis Oliver
Published: December 2022

This article demonstrates that deindustrialization increases ethnonational mobilization. We maintain that levels of mobilization of ethnonational movements are to an important extent a residual to the class cleavage, that is, to the degree the class conflict dominates political competition. Since in the context of Western Europe industrialism is the main force behind the class cleavage, deindustrialization weakens this cleavage and allows instead for mobilization along ethnonational divisions. In order to empirically test our argument, we analyze levels of electoral mobilization of ethnonational party blocs among 15 Western European minorities between 1918 and 2018. Our analysis clearly reveals that levels of industrialization are negatively related to ethnonational mobilization. However, this is only true for regions with historically high levels of industrialization and if the ethnonational movement is unified. The article contributes to the comparative literature on the electoral performance of ethnonational parties and the literature on deindustrialization and nationalism.
An Item-Level Evaluation of the Attentional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) Using a Sample of Experienced Cyclists
Authors: Bishop Daniel T. , Batley Prathiba Natesan , Graham Anna , Broadbent David P.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Effective attentional control is crucial for safe urban cycling. The Attentional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) assesses orientation of attention and its underpinning processes. This study contributes to the ASQ literature by detecting intraindividual and interindividual item response patterns in a group of cyclists to derive a parsimonious context-specific version of the ASQ. We performed a multidimensional item response theory analysis of Internal and External Distraction Control scales of the ASQ using data from experienced road cyclists, fitting both constrained and unconstrained graded response models to the data; we also examined person fit. Five of the original 17 items were discarded due to low factor coefficients and item discrimination parameters. The remaining items exhibited good psychometric properties including high discrimination parameters and category utilization. Only two and five people exhibited person misfit for Internal and External Distraction Control scales, respectively. This abbreviated ASQ may be appropriate for assessing cyclists’ attentional control.
Thickness bound for nonlocal wide-field-of-view metalenses
Authors: Li Shiyu , Hsu Chia Wei
Published: December 2022

Metalenses—flat lenses made with optical metasurfaces—promise to enable thinner, cheaper, and better imaging systems. Achieving a sufficient angular field of view (FOV) is crucial toward that goal and requires a tailored incident-angle-dependent response. Here, we show that there is an intrinsic trade-off between achieving a desired broad-angle response and reducing the thickness of the device. Like the memory effect in disordered media, this thickness bound originates from the Fourier transform duality between space and angle. One can write down the transmission matrix describing the desired angle-dependent response, convert it to the spatial basis where its degree of nonlocality can be quantified through a lateral spreading, and determine the minimal device thickness based on such a required lateral spreading. This approach is general. When applied to wide-FOV lenses, it predicts the minimal thickness as a function of the FOV, lens diameter, and numerical aperture. The bound is tight, as some inverse-designed multi-layer metasurfaces can approach the minimal thickness we found. This work offers guidance for the design of nonlocal metasurfaces, proposes a new framework for establishing bounds, and reveals the relation between angular diversity and spatial footprint in multi-channel systems.
H3K27 tri-demethylase JMJD3 inhibits macrophage apoptosis by promoting ADORA2A in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Gao Yizhuo , Wang Na , Jia Dong
Published: December 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common critical disease, which is characterized by an uncontrolled, acute inflammatory response, diffuse lung damage and ultimately directly deteriorates into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The number of pro-inflammatory macrophages is related to the severity of ALI. Up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage apoptosis can reduce the pro-inflammatory reactions. Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3)-mediated histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) demethylation may promote the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages under LPS stimulation. However, the mechanism of JMJD3 affecting macrophage apoptosis is still not clear. To explore this gap in knowledge, the ALI mice model with intratracheal administration of LPS and RAW264.7 cells with LPS stimulation were used as in vivo and in vitro experiments. The expression of JMJD3 and H3K27me3 and their cellular localization were analysed in lung tissue. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Expression of H3K27me3, ADORA2A and C/EBPβ were compared among different treatments and chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to investigate the regulatory relationship. Our study showed that JMJD3 expression was upregulated in LPS-induced ALI mice and RAW264.7 cells. JMJD3-indued H3K27me3 demethylation inhibited caspase-3 cleavage by upregulating ADORA2A to decrease LPS-stimulated macrophage apoptosis and promoted the inflammatory reaction. This H3K27me3 demethylation also increased C/EBPβ expression, which may enhance ADORA2A expression further. Besides, inhibiting ADORA2A can also promote LPS-limited macrophage apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of JMJD3 in vivo and in vitro relieved the inhibition of macrophage apoptosis thus leading to the resolution of the inflammation. JMJD3 might inhibit macrophage apoptosis by promoting ADORA2A expression in LPS-induced ALI.
Visual motion perception as online hierarchical inference
Authors: Bill Johannes , Gershman Samuel J. , Drugowitsch Jan
Published: December 2022

Identifying the structure of motion relations in the environment is critical for navigation, tracking, prediction, and pursuit. Yet, little is known about the mental and neural computations that allow the visual system to infer this structure online from a volatile stream of visual information. We propose online hierarchical Bayesian inference as a principled solution for how the brain might solve this complex perceptual task. We derive an online Expectation-Maximization algorithm that explains human percepts qualitatively and quantitatively for a diverse set of stimuli, covering classical psychophysics experiments, ambiguous motion scenes, and illusory motion displays. We thereby identify normative explanations for the origin of human motion structure perception and make testable predictions for future psychophysics experiments. The proposed online hierarchical inference model furthermore affords a neural network implementation which shares properties with motion-sensitive cortical areas and motivates targeted experiments to reveal the neural representations of latent structure.
G protein-coupled receptor 151 regulates glucose metabolism and hepatic gluconeogenesis
Authors: Bielczyk-Maczynska Ewa , Zhao Meng , Zushin Peter-James H. , Schnurr Theresia M. , Kim Hyun-Jung , Li Jiehan , Nallagatla Pratima , Sangwung Panjamaporn , Park Chong Y. , Cornn Cameron , Stahl Andreas , Svensson Katrin J. , Knowles Joshua W.
Published: December 2022

Human genetics has been instrumental in identification of genetic variants linked to type 2 diabetes. Recently a rare, putative loss-of-function mutation in the orphan G-protein coupled receptor 151 (GPR151) was found to be associated with lower odds ratio for type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism behind this association has remained elusive. Here we show that Gpr151 is a fasting- and glucagon-responsive hepatic gene which regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis. Gpr151 ablation in mice leads to suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis genes and reduced hepatic glucose production in response to pyruvate. Importantly, the restoration of hepatic Gpr151 levels in the Gpr151 knockout mice reverses the reduced hepatic glucose production. In this work, we establish a previously unknown role of Gpr151 in the liver that provides an explanation to the lowered type 2 diabetes risk in individuals with nonsynonymous mutations in GPR151.
Nasal DNA methylation at three CpG sites predicts childhood allergic disease
Authors: van Breugel Merlijn , Qi Cancan , Xu Zhongli , Pedersen Casper-Emil T. , Petoukhov Ilya , Vonk Judith M. , Gehring Ulrike , Berg Marijn , Bügel Marnix , Carpaij Orestes A. , Forno Erick , Morin Andréanne , Eliasen Anders U. , Jiang Yale , van den Berge Maarten , Nawijn Martijn C. , Li Yang , Chen Wei , Bont Louis J. , Bønnelykke Klaus , Celedón Juan C. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Xu Cheng-Jian
Published: December 2022

Childhood allergic diseases, including asthma, rhinitis and eczema, are prevalent conditions that share strong genetic and environmental components. Diagnosis relies on clinical history and measurements of allergen-specific IgE. We hypothesize that a multi-omics model could accurately diagnose childhood allergic disease. We show that nasal DNA methylation has the strongest predictive power to diagnose childhood allergy, surpassing blood DNA methylation, genetic risk scores, and environmental factors. DNA methylation at only three nasal CpG sites classifies allergic disease in Dutch children aged 16 years well, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86. This is replicated in Puerto Rican children aged 9–20 years (AUC 0.82). DNA methylation at these CpGs additionally detects allergic multimorbidity and symptomatic IgE sensitization. Using nasal single-cell RNA-sequencing data, these three CpGs associate with influx of T cells and macrophages that contribute to allergic inflammation. Our study suggests the potential of methylation-based allergy diagnosis.
TemplateFlow: FAIR-sharing of multi-scale, multi-species brain models
Authors: Ciric Rastko , Thompson William H. , Lorenz Romy , Goncalves Mathias , MacNicol Eilidh E. , Markiewicz Christopher J. , Halchenko Yaroslav O. , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Gorgolewski Krzysztof J. , Poldrack Russell A. , Esteban Oscar
Published: December 2022

Reference anatomies of the brain (‘templates’) and corresponding atlases are the foundation for reporting standardized neuroimaging results. Currently, there is no registry of templates and atlases; therefore, the redistribution of these resources occurs either bundled within existing software or in ad hoc ways such as downloads from institutional sites and general-purpose data repositories. We introduce TemplateFlow as a publicly available framework for human and non-human brain models. The framework combines an open database with software for access, management, and vetting, allowing scientists to share their resources under FAIR—findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable—principles. TemplateFlow enables multifaceted insights into brains across species, and supports multiverse analyses testing whether results generalize across standard references, scales, and in the long term, species.
Evolution of micro-pores in Ni–Cr alloys via molten salt dealloying
Authors: Yu Lin-Chieh , Clark Charles , Liu Xiaoyang , Ronne Arthur , Layne Bobby , Halstenberg Phillip , Camino Fernando , Nykypanchuk Dmytro , Zhong Hui , Ge Mingyuan , Lee Wah-Keat , Ghose Sanjit , Dai Sheng , Xiao Xianghui , Wishart James F. , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen
Published: December 2022

Porous materials with high specific surface area, high porosity, and high electrical conductivity are promising materials for functional applications, including catalysis, sensing, and energy storage. Molten salt dealloying was recently demonstrated in microwires as an alternative method to fabricate porous structures. The method takes advantage of the selective dissolution process introduced by impurities often observed in molten salt corrosion. This work further investigates molten salt dealloying in bulk Ni–20Cr alloy in both KCl–MgCl2 and KCl–NaCl salts at 700 ℃, using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography. Micro-sized pores with irregular shapes and sizes ranging from sub-micron to several microns and ligaments formed during the process, while the molten salt dealloying was found to progress several microns into the bulk materials within 1–16 h, a relatively short reaction time, enhancing the practicality of using the method for synthesis. The ligament size increased from ~ 0.7 μm to ~ 1.3 μm in KCl–MgCl2 from 1 to 16 h due to coarsening, while remaining ~ 0.4 μm in KCl–NaCl during 16 h of exposure. The XRD analysis shows that the corrosion occurred primarily near the surface of the bulk sample, and Cr2O3 was identified as a corrosion product when the reaction was conducted in an air environment (controlled amount sealed in capillaries); thus surface oxides are likely to slow the morphological coarsening rate by hindering the surface diffusion in the dealloyed structure. 3D-connected pores and grain boundary corrosion were visualized by synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography. This study provides insights into the morphological and chemical evolution of molten salt dealloying in bulk materials, with a connection to molten salt corrosion concerns in the design of next-generation nuclear and solar energy power plants.
The influence of temperature on cellulose swelling at constant water density
Authors: Torstensen Jonathan , Ottesen Vegar , Rodríguez-Fabià Sandra , Syverud Kristin , Johansson Lars , Lervik Anders
Published: December 2022

We have in this paper investigated how water sorbs to cellulose. We found that both cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films swell similarly, as they are both mainly composed of cellulose. CNF/CNC films subjected to water at 0.018 kg/m3at 25 °C and 39 °C, showed a decrease in swelling from ~ 8 to 2%. This deswelling increased the tensile index of CNF-films by ~ 13%. By molecular modeling of fibril swelling, we found that water sorbed to cellulose exhibits a decreased diffusion constant compared to bulk water. We quantified this change and showed that diffusion of sorbed water displays less dependency on swelling temperature compared to bulk water diffusion. To our knowledge, this has not previously been demonstrated by molecular modeling. The difference between bulk water diffusion (DWW) and diffusion of water sorbed to cellulose (DCC) increased from DWW − DCC ~ 3 × 10–5 cm/s2at 25 °C to DWW − DCC ~ 8.3 × 10–5 cm/s2at 100 °C. Moreover, water molecules spent less successive time sorbed to a fibril at higher temperatures.
Conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells pretreated with H2O2 promotes intestinal mucosal repair in acute experimental colitis
Authors: Liu Peng , Xie Xiao-ran , Wu Hao , Li Huan , Chi Jing-shu , Liu Xiao-ming , Luo Ju , Tang Yu , Xu Can-xia
Published: December 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a new therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their efficacy has been widely recognized. However, there are still some challenges in cell therapy, including stable cell passage, laboratory conditions for cell culture, high-cost burden, and poor transplantation. The conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs is considered be an excellent alternative to cell transplantation, but the paracrine group in MSC-CM is limited in variety and low in concentration, which cannot meet the therapeutic needs of injured tissues and needs to be optimized. Pretreatment with low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can not only protect cells from oxidative damage, but also play a role similar to growth factors and regulate the physiological function of stem cells, to obtain an improved conditioned medium. To determine the optimal protocol for pretreatment of MSCs with H2O2, and to study the efficacy and potential mechanism of MSC-CM pretreated with H2O2 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis. MSCs were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2, and the optimal H2O2 pretreatment conditions were determined by evaluating their critical cell functional properties. H2O2-pretreated MSC-CM was transplanted into experimental mouse colitis by enema at 2, 4, and 6 days in modeling, and the changes of colonic tissue structure, the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, the molecular changes of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE axis, and the related indicators of apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells were observed in each group. In vitro, Pretreated MSCs with 25 μM H2O2 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and survival, but had no effect on apoptosis. In vivo, MSC-CM treatment decreased apoptosis and extracellular matrix deposition, and maintained the mechanical barrier and permeability of colonic epithelial cells in experimental mouse colitis. Mechanistically, H2O2-pretreated MSC-CM against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and MDA generation, accompanied by increases in components of the enzymatic antioxidant system includes SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, and T-AOC, which is through the up-regulation of the Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 antioxidant genes. Our data confirmed that 25 μM H2O2 pretreated MSC-CM treatment could effectively improve intestinal mucosal repair in experimental colitis, which may be achieved by activating Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway.
Concomitant immunity to M. tuberculosis infection
Authors: Joslyn Louis R. , Flynn JoAnne L. , Kirschner Denise E. , Linderman Jennifer J.
Published: December 2022

Some persistent infections provide a level of immunity that protects against reinfection with the same pathogen, a process referred to as concomitant immunity. To explore the phenomenon of concomitant immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we utilized HostSim, a previously published virtual host model of the immune response following Mtb infection. By simulating reinfection scenarios and comparing with data from non-human primate studies, we propose a hypothesis that the durability of a concomitant immune response against Mtb is intrinsically tied to levels of tissue resident memory T cells (Trms) during primary infection, with a secondary but important role for circulating Mtb-specific T cells. Further, we compare HostSim reinfection experiments to observational TB studies from the pre-antibiotic era to predict that the upper bound of the lifespan of resident memory T cells in human lung tissue is likely 2–3 years. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first estimate of resident memory T-cell lifespan in humans. Our findings are a first step towards demonstrating the important role of Trms in preventing disease and suggest that the induction of lung Trms is likely critical for vaccine success.
σ2R/TMEM97 in retinal ganglion cell degeneration
Authors: Wang Hua , Peng Zhiyou , Li Yiwen , Sahn James J. , Hodges Timothy R. , Chou Tsung-Han , Liu Qiong , Zhou Xuezhi , Jiao Shuliang , Porciatti Vittorio , Liebl Daniel J. , Martin Stephen F. , Wen Rong
Published: December 2022

The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was recently identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein known as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). Studies have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 binding compounds are neuroprotective, suggesting a role of σ2R/TMEM97 in neurodegenerative processes. To understand the function of σ2R/TMEM97 in neurodegeneration pathways, we characterized ischemia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in TMEM97−/− mice and found that RGCs in TMEM97−/− mice are resistant to degeneration. In addition, intravitreal injection of a selective σ2R/TMEM97 ligand DKR-1677 significantly protects RGCs from ischemia-induced degeneration in wildtype mice. Our results provide conclusive evidence that σ2R/TMEM97 plays a role to facilitate RGC death following ischemic injury and that inhibiting the function of σ2R/TMEM97 is neuroprotective. This work is a breakthrough toward elucidating the biology and function of σ2R/TMEM97 in RGCs and likely in other σ2R/TMEM97 expressing neurons. Moreover, these findings support future studies to develop new neuroprotective approaches for RGC degenerative diseases by inhibiting σ2R/TMEM97.
Body composition variations between injured and non-injured professional soccer players
Authors: Martins Francisco , França Cíntia , Henriques Ricardo , Ihle Andreas , Przednowek Krzysztof , Marques Adilson , Lopes Hélder , Sarmento Hugo , Gouveia Élvio Rúbio
Published: December 2022

Professional soccer is characterized by its physical demands, making players’ exposure to high injury risks a growing problem. It is crucial to study the factors associated with injuries in professional soccer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age, body composition, and others variables related with the injury profile of professional soccer players of a specific Portuguese team. Also, it analyzed the impact of the injury profile on soccer’s variations in body fat (BF%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and total body water (TBW) throughout the season. The sample comprised 31 male professional soccer players competing in the First Portuguese Soccer League. Older players had a higher prevalence of muscular injuries. Midfielders and forwards showed the highest number of muscular injuries during the season being quadriceps the most affected zone. Considering players’ BF% [Wilks’ Lambda = 0.42, F (7, 23) = 4.61, p = 0.002, r = 0.58], SMM [Wilks’ Lambda = 0.59, F (6, 23) = 2.70, p = 0.039, r = 0.41] and TBW [Wilks’ Lambda = 0.54, F (7, 23) = 2.80, p = 0.029, r = 0.46] there was a substantial main effect for the assessments performed throughout the season and the injury status. Age assumes relevance in explaining the injury profile. The impact of the injury profile on soccer's variations in BF%, SMM and TBW throughout the season must be analyzed considering the clinical relevance.