bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Miniature Early Paleo-Indian Stone Artifacts from the Parkhill, Ontario Site
Authors: Elus Christopher
Published: May 2005

An assemblage of seven miniature stone artifacts from the Early Paleo-Indian Parkhill site are described and analyzed. This assemblage includes not only the miniature points on channel flakes reported from several other Paleo-Indian sites but also, a miniature end scraper made on a scraper retouch flake. A lack of use evidence and a consistent spatial clustering of these artifacts suggests that these tiny artifacts are neither utilitarian tools or children's toys. As a result, it is argued these items served a function in the ideological sphere as, for example, in shamanistic rituals.
Personality Change from Experiential Techniques: Relaxation versus Catharsis
Authors: Lloyd B. F. , Gannon P. M.
Published: May 2005

Relates measures of two treatment-experiences to the measures of personality-change as treatment-outcome. Sixteen of the fifty-eight volunteers for catharsis were randomly allocated to relaxation for comparison. Multivariate analysis of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI) reveals that relaxation vs. catharsis are significantly different treatment-experiences. Univariate analysis, however, reveals significant differences on three PCI dimensions only, i.e., Negative Affect, Arousal, and Memory, with no significant differences for the self-altering features. Treatment-outcome analysis, pre-to-post, reveals significant increases in Positive Emotionality, Wellbeing, and Control, with significant decreases in Negative Emotionality, Stress Reaction, and Alienation, with no significant changes over the six-month follow-up no-treatment period. With PCI measures as the predictors for outcome, there are no unique factors between groups or common factors across groups to predict the variance on outcome measures. Suggests future research to implicate separate functions in personality as predictors for the treatment-experience and the treatment-outcome independently.
The Effect of Religion on Suicide: An Analysis of Cultural Context
Authors: Wasserman Ira , Stack Steven
Published: May 2005

Research on the impact of religion has been marked by a recurrent flaw: the failure to analyze the greater social context of religion. The present study addresses this by inspecting the impact of Catholicism on suicide in two socio-culturally different regions in the state of Louisiana. A multiple regression analysis of county suicide rates, however, finds no evidence for a contextual effect. Catholicism does not reduce suicide in the historically French Catholic, southern region of the state, and it does not increase suicide in the historically Anglo-Saxon, Protestant northern region of the state. The results tend to question the religious networks and religious integration perspectives.
Impact on Freshmen Retention of Orientation Course Content: Proposed Persistence Model
Authors: Davig William B. , Spain Judith W.
Published: May 2005

This study examined the effectiveness of different topics/activities included in a freshman orientation course in enhancing the students' perception of their successful adjustment to college life and the impact of these subjects on the student level of persistence. The results support the Tinto stage model of persistence since the elements of the orientation course most highly correlated to persistence were topics and activities dedicated to: 1) the development of strong social networks (with both faculty and students) and 2) integration into the institution. Results also suggest that certain topics/activities should be included in orientation courses in order to help students become more effective in dealing with their external relationships as specified in the Astin attrition model. Specifically, results indicate that if a student did not have exposure to study skills, advising information, curriculum planning, group activities, and campus tours, they were less likely to re-enroll.
Flow of Consciousness in Restricted Environmental Stimulation
Authors: Suedfeld Peter , Ballard Elizabeth J. , Baker-Brown Gloria , Borrie Roderick A.
Published: May 2005

Fifteen subjects each spent twenty-four hours lying on a bed in a completely dark, sound-reduced chamber. Measures of imagery, thought content, and affective reactions were administered before, during, and after the session. Self-ratings indicated that subjects were relaxed but alert in the chamber. No dramatic changes in ideation occurred. Accuracy of recall for a word list improved after the session. Most of the thoughts reported in the chamber were concerned with real events occurring in the present and involving friends. There were few reports of fantasizing, stimulus-bound thoughts, reverie, etc. Useful activities in the chamber included sleeping, paying attention to events occurring in that environment, and thinking about the future. There was very little reference to negative reactions, either cognitive or affective. The findings are relevant to theoretical and applied issues concerning the influence of restricted environments on memory, problem-solving, creativity, and emotions.
Quetiapine in the Successful Treatment of Psychosis and Comorbid Brittle Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Balter Jordan , Mofsen Rick , Pinninti Narsimha
Published: May 2005

Background:

As evidence of a biologic determinant of schizophrenia has been elaborated, an interest in the relationship between schizophrenia and autoimmune disorders has become increasingly more developed over the last decade. Pedigree analysis has shown that schizophrenia, like autoimmune disorders, is likely a heritable phenomenon, and a genetic liability in this disorder is hardly disputed. Research has indicated that physiologic connections between IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha are suggestive of a connection between the symptoms associated with schizophrenia and those of hypoglycemic events in IDDM. Autoimmune pathogeneses of schizophrenia have been hypothesized; however, the clinical delineation of a potentially corresponding subset of patients is rarely addressed.

Case Report:

We treated a 22-year-old white female who carried the concomitant diagnoses of Schizophrenia, IDDM, and Hypothyroidism with quetiapine and risperidone on an acute basis at our inpatient facility, and observed an apparent resolution of her brittle diabetes with the successful treatment of her psychotic disorder.

Conclusions:

The well documented link between antipsychotic agents and changes in blood glucose may be of benefit in a subset of patients who suffer from both psychotic and diabetic disorders.
Drug and Alcohol Use by Canadian University Athletes: A National Survey
Authors: Spence John C. , Gauvin Lise
Published: May 2005

To gauge the extent of drug and alcohol use in Canadian university athletes, we estimated the proportion of Canadian university athletes using social and/or ergogenic drugs through survey methods. A secondary purpose was to examine athletes' perceptions of the value of drug testing and drug education programs. Using a stratified random sampling procedure, 754 student athletes were surveyed in eight different sports from eight universities across Canada. Results showed that 17.7 percent of athletes have used major pain medications over the past twelve months, 3 percent reported use of weight loss products, 0.9 percent reported anabolic steroid use, 16.6 percent reported use of smokeless tobacco products, 94.1 percent reported use of alcohol, 65.2 percent reported use of caffeine products, 0.7 percent reported use of amphetamines, 1.0 percent reported use of barbiturates, 19.8 percent reported use of marijuana or hashish, 5.9 percent reported use of psychedelics and 0.8 percent reported use of cocaine/crack.
Assessing Individual Differences in Death Threat: A Brief Theoretical and Psychometric Review of the Threat Index
Authors: Shackelford Todd K.
Published: May 2005

According to G. A. Kelly's (1955) Personal Construct Theory, people construe the elements of reality along bipolar meaning dimensions (e.g., sad–happy) to make reality more predictable. People are threatened by personal death when their conception of death along these dimensions is inconsistent with their conception of their self. S. R. Krieger, F. R. Epting, and L. M. Leitner (1974) developed the “Threat Index” (TI) to assess “death threat.” To complete the TI, a person indicates on several bipolar meaning dimensions on which pole he or she construes “yourself.” The person indicates on a separate form their views about personal death, “as if it were to occur at this time in your life,” on the same dimensions. The TI is scored by summing the number of “splits” in which “self” and “death” are placed at opposite ends of a dimension. Death threat is greater with more splits, because the number of these splits indicates the extent to which the construct system must be reorganized to construe death as a personal eventuality. I review evidence that the TI is a reliable and valid measure of death orientation and is uniquely suited to assess Kellian death threat. To showcase the heuristic value of Kelly's theory and the utility of the TI as an assessment of death threat, I review research testing and supporting the hypothesis that people who score high (relative to those who score low) in death threat display a denial orientation toward death-relevant stimuli.
EPRT—A New Tool in Technical Communication
Authors: Bergsma Stuart K.
Published: May 2005

A great amount of a technical writer's time is spent in researching his subject. In many instances, that voluminous research can disrupt production and interrupt the personnel schedules of the client company. Creative Universal, Inc., provides a unique service for its staff of writers and producers. Through the use of portable television equipment, a permanent record of the technical task or process under analysis can be made. This Electronic Photography Research Technique ( EPRT) has application to several dimensions of the total communication process.

Advantages accrued from the use of EPRT include: (1) significant savings in interviewing time, (2) substantial reduction of interference with the client's production schedules, (3) improved accuracy in data acquisition, and (4) extension of the researcher's perceptual field. The process brings to bear the unique contributions of the electronic age upon the world of technical writing.
Effects of Three Concept Mapping Strategies and Prior Knowledge in a Web-Based Learning Environment
Authors: Wang Charles Xiaoxue , Dwyer Francis M.
Published: May 2005

This study examined instructional effects of three concept mapping strategies and prior knowledge in facilitating student achievement in Web-based learning environment. The three concept mapping strategies were concept matching, proposition identifying, and student generated concept mapping. The prior knowledge levels of the subjects were identified through a general physiology test. The instructional material was a 2000-word expository text about the human heart. Achievement was measured by the identification, terminology, comprehension tests, and the total test. The criterion tests measured achievement of different educational objectives at factual, conceptual, and rules and principles levels and general academic performance of university undergraduate students. The subjects were 290 undergraduate students from a large state university. The subjects completed the prior knowledge test, and participated in a 50-minute workshop on concept mapping one week prior to the experimental treatment. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Statistical significant results were found in this study at the .05 alpha level.
The Occupational Safety and Health System in Poland during the Transition to Democracy and a Market Economy
Authors: Broszkiewicz Roman , Krzyskow Barbara , Brown Halina Szejnwald
Published: May 2005

Since the fall of communism, the occupational health and safety system in Poland, which was extensively developed during the post-war period, has been incrementally adapting to the new social order. The reforms of the 1990s aimed at stimulating active participation by workers and labor unions, increasing the responsibility of employers, reducing the paternalistic role of the state, and strengthening the enforcement branch. The emergent system has many strengths, including a highly branched-out system of regional and local enforcement agencies, competent and self-confident government institutions familiar with the firms under their jurisdiction and adept at balancing competing social objectives; a tradition of cooperation among agencies and employers; and strong advocacy by the government agencies on behalf of workers. The system also exhibits characteristics that may weaken it in the future, such as lack of support from labor unions; low interest among workers; a generally low safety culture; stringent, often unimplementable exposure standards; and lack of “ownership” of the system by social groups other than the state bureaucracy.
Gender and Minor Psychiatric Morbidity: Results of a Case-Control Study in a Developing Country
Authors: Coutinho Evandro Da Silva Freire , De Almeida Filho Naomar , De Jesus Mari Jair , Rodrigues Laura C.
Published: May 2005

Objective:

Women suffer from minor psychiatric disorders (MPM) more frequently than men. Most of the studies were conducted in England and in the United States and some reported the higher occurrence of MPM among women to be modified by marital status and others by sociodemographic variables. The present study intends to address this question in a developing country.

Method:

A population based case-control study was conducted in three important urban centers in Brazil. Two hundred seventy-six individuals diagnosed as new cases of MPM and 261 controls were selected to investigate the role of a set of sociodemographic variables in the association between gender and MPM using logistic regression models.

Results:

Univariate analysis showed that women were more likely than men to suffer from MPM (OR = 3.34; 2.27–4.91). After controlling for other sociodemographic variables, female gender was still positively associated with MPM, but not in a homogeneous way. A multiplicative interaction of gender with age group was found (LRT = 6.01; 2 df; p = 0.05) suggesting an increment in the magnitude of the association among those older than thirty years. Odds-ratios were 2.33 (1.19–4.55), 6.85 (2.86–16.41), and 7.47 (2.90–19.22) for age groups of fourteen to twenty-nine; thirty to forty-four; forty-five or more, respectively. There was no evidence of interaction of gender with marital status or other sociodemographic variables.

Conclusions:

The findings are consistent with the modification of the association between gender and MPM being mediated by social factors.
Funeral Rituals and the Facilitation of Grief Work
Authors: Bolton Christopher , Camp Delpha J.
Published: May 2005

Although professionals in the field of death education and counseling agree that grieving is essential in adjusting to the loss of a loved one, there remain numerous questions about how to best facilitate successful grief work. The study reported here endeavored to determine the nature of pre-, during-, and post-funeral rituals and the potential of those rituals in the facilitation of grief work. Fifty widowed individuals (forty-seven women) were interviewed to obtain information regarding symbolic actions or rituals they observed at the time of and after the death of their spouses and the degree of grief adjustment achieved at the time of the study. The overall conclusion from this brief work is that, although no statistically significant relationships were discovered, the findings regarding the prevalence of rituals provide useful insight for persons facilitating the grief work of the bereaved. There is sufficient evidence to warrant further study of the use of rituals, especially post-funeral rituals, in the facilitation of grief work.
Language Learning on the World Wide Web: An Investigation of EFL Learners' Attitudes and Perceptions
Authors: Yang Shu Ching
Published: May 2005

The article describes the integration of Web resources as instructional and learning tools in an EFL class. The study examines learners' subjective responses to the use of the World Wide Web within the context of a research project on American states. Data was collected using observations and surveys including demographic information and student perceptions via subjective-quantitative and qualitative questionnaire items. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics on the quantitative items and a multi-stage synthesis of the qualitative data including categorical and thematic analysis. With respect to categorical analysis, the excerpts of students' responses were categorized using two codes based on whether they related more to the challenges or advantages of using the Web and then under each category they were further subdivided, resulting in twenty subcategories in total. A number of themes were drawn from this data. Learners found the experience generally positive. Negative responses were found to relate to technical problems and information overload. The project stimulated incidental learning. However, information seeking on the Net simultaneously engendered both anxiety and excitement in learners. From this study, it could be concluded that computer-learning networks have the potential to empower students in well-designed language learning environments. The Web-based language project provided an opportunity to enhance students' reading and writing proficiency and to harness their skills in information searching and problem-solving to varying degrees. However, some frustration with the challenges and difficulties in relation to computers and language were found. A computer-mediated learning experience in Language Studies could not be achieved by itself simply by the introduction of the learner to the Web technology. Providing scaffolding, both in using Internet applications and in orienting the learners to the task, is vital to the successful implementation and integration of technology into the curriculum. Implications of using the Web in language classrooms is discussed and some suggestions for the direction of future work is outlined.
Anorexia Nervosa and Salivary Gland Enlargement
Authors: Walsh B. Timothy , Croft Charles B. , Katz Jack L.
Published: May 2005

Enlargement of the salivary glands can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). This enlargement appears to be related to both the nutritional deficiencies and the bizarre eating habits (particularly the bulimia and vomiting) characteristic of these patients. In some patients, the salivary gland enlargement persists despite return to normal weight. Three patients illustrating this finding are described and the implications of this association between AN and salivary gland enlargement are discussed.
Professional Roles in a Self-Help Group for the Bereaved
Authors: Klass Dennis , Shinners Beth
Published: May 2005

Self-help groups are a relatively new and very useful aid to the bereaved. The movement does for the bereaved what the development of the hospice did for the dying a few years ago, in that it creates community, puts the locus of control on the individual, and emphasizes interaction and growth. Some of the literature on self-help groups raises the question of the role of professionals in the self-help group since such groups are different from, at some points antithetical to, and in practice occasionally resistant to professional intervention. This paper grew out of our experience with a local chapter of the Compassionate Friends, a group of bereaved parents. It is an attempt to show how professionals can work within the self-help movement despite the gap between the self-help ideology and our own. We have sketched five areas in our work which seem to have been useful to our TCF chapter: 1) intermediary between the group and the professional community; 2) articulating the group's ideology to the group itself; 3) resource person in program planning; 4) facilitator of group processes and organization; and 5) research. This paper also explores the topic of referral to professionals for parents in acute grief expressing itself in psychotomimetic behavior.
Deming Meets Braverman: Toward a Progressive Analysis of the Continuous Quality Improvement Paradigm
Authors: Schiff Gordon D. , Goldfield Norbert I.
Published: May 2005

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) model has rapidly become the dominant management paradigm in U.S. industrial and health care leadership circles. Despite its widespread corporate acceptance and its relevance to public sector policy issues, there has been a paucity of progressive analysis of CQI. The authors begin by noting remarkable similarities between CQI critiques of Taylorism (so-called scientific management of work) with those made by Braverman, a leading Marxist analyst of the work process. Each of the 14 principles of CQI pioneer W. E. Deming are explained and analyzed for their progressive content. These pluses are then contrasted with 18 problematic issues in an attempt to challenge and go beyond the constraints of CQI as it is currently being applied in health care and other sectors. These issues include (1) mismatch between rhetoric and reality, (2) public sector issues, and (3) broader contradictions. The authors emphasize the genuine need for improving health care quality and the relevance of CQI for addressing this need. They challenge progressives to grapple with the profound contradictions by the CQI paradigm, inviting a broader dialogue on CQI's meaning for improving the public's health.
Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: MacIntosh Fred H.
Published: May 2005

A number of points for improving writing and speaking necessary for the world's work are discussed. One of these is the expansion of technical writing courses for managers, administrators, and company officials. Another point is concerned with the fact that most technical writing texts focus too much upon engineers and too little upon scientists. A third point deals with the necessity for paying more attention to graduate and professional programs.

Other suggestions range through traditional English graduate programs, ways to reward effective technical writing teaching, emphasis on professionalism, and allocation of funding for the improvement of technical writing teaching. The author closes with a call for definite action.
A Social Systems Approach to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: Glazer William M. , Astrachan Boris M.
Published: May 2005

Consultation-liaison psychiatry traditionally has emphasized an approach to clinical practice based upon an understanding of the ways in which intrapsychic dynamics, personality characteristics and biological phenomena interact in a process that can be understood to relate to symptoms and disease in the individual. More recently the field has considered the interaction of interpersonal and group phenomena with individual characteristics and their influence upon patient pathology. Currently, however, there is limited understanding of the significance of organizational variables for the work of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist. In this paper, several organizational themes are discussed in terms of social systems theory and the relevance of these themes are applied to case material taken from a year's experience of consultation-liaison in a hemodialysis unit of a general hospital (HUGH).
The Experience of New Wbi-Adopters in Hong Kong
Authors: Auyeung Lai Hung , Ha Tak Shing , Au Grace
Published: May 2005

The innovative use of information and communication technology is becoming increasingly popular among higher education institutions in Hong Kong. The motivation for adoption is expedited by great promotive efforts within the academic communities that accompany the current high level of financial, hardware, and software resources deployed in all education sectors. Web-based course management tools are also available campus-wide. Novice Web-adopters are likely to rely on these tools to develop on-line instruction because of the relative ease to get started. Since not much is known about local Web users, this study aims to explore how university instructors in Hong Kong adapt to this new mode of instruction and make use of the Web-based learning tools in teaching. Seventeen instructors from a university in Hong Kong who are novice Web-adopters were interviewed. Their perceptions toward Web-based instruction, reasons of adoption, degree to which their expectations were met at the end of the semester, and their evaluations of the Web-based course delivery system were examined. Some instructors tended to look at technology and innovation from a “performance enhancement” perspective. However, the present findings suggested that it is also necessary to be aware of the potential limitations resulting from using technology to implement learning activities. Finally, the support needs for instructors are discussed based on the research findings.
Judging the Appropriateness of Completed Suicide, Attempted Suicide and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Lester David , McCabe Colleen , Cameron Marilyn
Published: May 2005

In this study students judged suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and completed suicide to be inappropriate responses to crises, though completed suicide was judged to be even more inappropriate than the lesser suicidal responses. In addition, condemnation of suicide was associated with lower scores on a test of general irrational thinking.
Beyond the Living Will: Making Advance Directives More Useful
Authors: Culver Charles M. , Gert Bernard
Published: May 2005

Various forms of Advance Directives (Living Wills; Durable Powers of Attorney) are available that allow individuals to leave instructions about the conditions under which they would and would not want to be allowed to die. These Directives are often worded too vaguely to be helpful. A series of specific questions is described giving more precision to Advance Directives. All competent adults should consider and answer these questions; attending to this matter while one is able may prevent future suffering for both oneself and one's loved ones.
SIDS: The Survivor as Victim
Authors: Markusen Eric , Owen Greg , Fulton Robert , Bendiksen Robert
Published: May 2005

This article addresses itself to the death-grief constellation precipitated by the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) both in terms of the adjustment problems of the surviving family members and the challenges faced by concerned caregivers. Several features of SIDS create a particularly problematical aftermath for the survivors, including the sudden, unexpected nature of the death itself; the fact that its cause and prevention are unknown; the severing of the mother-infant bond; problems faced by surviving siblings; the multiplicity of agencies involved in the case-management process; and prevailing myths and stereotypes. Several problems for the concerned caregiver posed by SIDS are examined. Potential contributions of one caregiver—the funeral director — are explained.
Teaching and Learning with Telecommunications: Instructional Discourse in a Hybrid Russian Class
Authors: Meskill Carla , Anthony Natasha
Published: May 2005

Where learner discourse has been the focus of much recent research on asynchonous online instruction, the specific forms of instructional discourse used by online educators has yet to be examined. Indeed, the majority of work in the area of foreign language and telecommunications has concentrated on student-student, student-peer interaction, and the kinds of language these contexts encourage. No research to date has tackled the real and potential scripts for educators in online conversations that are potentially instructional in nature. Our study examines the online teaching strategies employed by the teacher of a second-year Russian class that integrated computer mediated communication (CMC) for extended language practice and additional “embedded” instruction through the teacher's careful interventions. Techniques such as saturating the discourse with target forms, recasting, and corralling learning were successfully incorporated as instructional discourse and responded to as such by learners. Such instructional interventions mimic those of the ideal communicative classroom where instructors attempt to direct a focus on form while engaging learners in the active negotiation of meaning in the target language. The advantages of CMC in this regard include the opportunity for both teacher and students to stop the clock, examine the language being used in the online conversation, determine teachable and learnable moments, and respond accordingly.
A Note on the Archaeological Report
Authors: Leo Caldararo Niccolo
Published: May 2005

Archaeological reports provide a record of what is excavated as well as the context in which the remains are found. I have often read archaeological reports for information on the conservation practices and materials used by archaeologists and to find data bearing on the identification and exhibition of artifacts. I have studied them to discover the nature of the published literature on writing archaeological reports, and have found them exceedingly varied in content and structure. This article will introduce the history and theory of the report and will compare a selection of reports, using the descriptive time periods of Willey and Sabloff (1974). I will also examine published literature on report writing by American and British authors.
The Relevance of the U.S. Experience to the Reforms in the British National Health Service: The Case of General Practitioner Fund Holding
Authors: Navarro Vicente
Published: May 2005

This article presents a discussion of the relevance of the U.S. experience in general, and health maintenance organizations in particular, to the reforms advocated by the current Conservative government in the general practitioner services of the British National Health Service. The author analyzes empirical information relevant to the assumptions made by the Conservative reformers that (1) the HMO type of practice is better able to respond to people's needs than are current general practitioner arrangements; (2) entrepreneurship in medicine is good for patients; (3) market-based primary care is more efficient than the nonmarket system in the United Kingdom; and (4) the expansion and strengthening of the private sector is an efficient and equitable means of encouraging competition and raising revenues. All of these assumptions are questioned
Treatment of Depression in Older Primary Care Patients in Health Maintenance Organizations
Authors: Bartels Stephen J. , Horn Susan , Sharkey Phoebe , Levine Kristin
Published: May 2005

Objective:

To examine whether older HMO patients with depression are treated differently than younger patients in terms of diagnosis, treatment by specialty provider, and pharmacotherapy.

Design:

Chart-review, Cross sectional study.

Settings and Participants:

Patients were selected from six HMOs in the United States who had one or more of five medical diagnoses: arthritis, asthma, otitis media, epigastric pain/ulcer, and hypertension, ( n = 9143). From this group, chart diagnoses and pharmacy records were used to identify patients who also had a diagnosis of depression ( n = 416) or who had a diagnosis of depression and/or treatment with antidepressant medication ( n = 1286).

Measurements:

Medical records and computerized service and pharmacy records were reviewed to obtain diagnoses, office visits by provider type, and psychiatric medication prescription counts.

Results:

Significant differences were found in treatment of depression for older versus younger patients. Although depression was identified at a similar rate for both groups, older patients received fewer mental health specialty visits and fewer prescriptions for SSRI antidepressants. Older patients with a diagnosis of depression were more likely to be treated with benzodiazepines (49.2% of older vs. 33.2% of younger) though they were less likely to receive long half-life benzodiazepines.

Conclusions:

Psychotropic medication management is an important target for improving quality of care for older patients with depression in HMOs. Decreasing inefficient minor tranquilizer use and increasing use of newer antidepressant medications may lead to improved outcomes for older depressed adults.
The Whole World Could Hear: The Structure of Haitian-American Children's Narratives
Authors: Champion Tempii , McCabe Allyssa , Colinet Yvanne
Published: May 2005

The ability to tell personal narrative is an important aspect of developing communicative competence, as well as predictive of literacy achievement. Although cultural differences in narrative structure have been amply documented, little or no such information exists for many cultures, including Haitian. Personal narratives were collected from 10 Haitian-American children (7 years, 6 months) and analyzed using three different systems: high point analysis, story grammar, and Africanist analysis, which was specifically developed for this project. Although some narratives could be appreciated using high point and story grammar analyses, the Africanist approach was best suited to describing the narratives of Haitian-American children.
Mobility and Raw Material Use at the Hunting Camp Spring Site (35WA96), Blue Mountains, Oregon
Authors: MacDonald Douglas H.
Published: May 2005

Analysis of lithic artifacts from the Hunting Camp Spring site (35WA96) in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon provides insight into the technological organization of late prehistoric populations in the southern Columbia Plateau. Results of debitage and tool analyses suggest that raw material quality and availability, in terms of the stone's proximity to the site area and its relative local abundance, were the prime factors in the production of formal tools at the site. In addition, black and, site, a locally abundant and highly durable stone, was the preferred raw material for expedient tool use. Locations of raw material sources, as well as a concentric zone model of land-use (Reid and Gallison, 1993a; Sampson, 1988), provide a basis for understanding hunter-gatherer mobility within the region.
Forecasting Interactive System Modification Used for Software Maintenance: An Empirical Investigation of User-Computer Interaction
Authors: Rushinek Sara F. , Rushinek Avi , Stutz Joel
Published: May 2005

This study deals with identifying primary factors which determine the usefulness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Usefulness is defined as user performance score. The study establishes linear models which explain the effects of CAI modifications designed to improve the utilization of computer facilities as well as users' performance.
Symmetry Analysis of Yurok, Karok, and Hupa Indian Basket Designs
Authors: Washburn Dorothy K.
Published: May 2005

A classification of patterned design on Yurok, Karok, and Hupa baskets by the crystallographic symmetry classes which structure the design elements reveals that traditional designs, designated as “ours” by Yurok, Karok, and Hupa informants were recognized by these informants as “put together right” when they were consistently structured by two symmetries, p112 and pma2. Baskets said to be “not ours” were judged as “against the law” because, although they were also frequently structured by the two traditional symmetries, they were distinguishable by the addition of new colors and motifs. Ironically, despite the increasing breakup of California Indian society by white culture, turn-of-the century white collector demand for “authentic” baskets served to preserve the structure of the traditional design system. Collector demand enabled the Indians to make a living producing baskets, but these were only traditional in some aspects (structure) while other aspects were altered so that the “sale” baskets would be clearly distinct from those they made for their own use.
Principles of Efficiency and Occupational Health: The Case of the Nuclear Industry
Authors: Thébaud-Mony Annie
Published: May 2005

Reducing risks in the nuclear industry necessarily exposes maintenance workers to ionizing radiation. In the early 1980s, the French industry started outsourcing certain work operations, including nearly all maintenance. The goal was seen as one of reducing costs. But an important result is a shift in the category of workers receiving radiation doses. External workers receive 80 percent of annual collective doses recorded at nuclear sites, with average individual monthly dosages in an irradiated area eleven to fifteen times more elevated than those of workers in the French electric company. Nuclear producers strictly observe regulatory exposure limits by managing jobs by doses and externalizing the problem. An employee who reaches the dosage limit is banned from the plant. Qualified permanent employees do not do the work that is most costly in dosage. Outsourcing the risky work prevents challenges from unions and public officials, and firms can claim that radiation exposures are controlled and do not endanger workers' health. The problem, a terrible contradiction at the heart of the industry, has been socially constructed to be invisible.
A Psychiatric Service as an Integral Part of a Community General Hospital
Authors: Wright Harold S. , Dale Paul W.
Published: May 2005

In these times when psychiatric treatment is becoming more acceptable to the general hospital and its community, it is important to explore the many ways in which optimal treatment and training can be made available at least expense and maximal utilization of existing personnel. The authors present a valuable account of their very successful experience of integrating psychiatric services into their community general hospital without the establishment of a segregated psychiatric unit. The benefits accruing to this approach in terms of patient care, community service, and teaching value for all personnel concerned with good patient care are discussed in detail. The special relevance of the trained psychiatric nurse to the success of such programs is underscored.
Language Learner Strategies with Technology
Authors: Ulitsky Helen
Published: May 2005

This study examines use of learning strategies by experienced adult learners of foreign languages. The goal was to determine how these exemplary language learners engage a multimedia environment, what strategies they employ, and how insights on strategy use can be useful for learners and teachers.
Health Hazards in the Microelectronics Industry
Authors: Geiser Kenneth
Published: May 2005

The microelectronics industry is explored as a source of occupational health hazards resulting from the extensive use of toxic chemicals in the production of semiconductor chips and the assembly of electronic components. Information is provided on the range of chemicals used in the industry and their particular health implications. Case materials are drawn from Massachusetts' “Route 128” region and California's “Silicon Valley.” Problems with worker exposure in the plants are compared with the risks experienced by residents of local neighborhoods from the leakage of industrial chemicals from underground storage tanks into the local groundwater used for drinking water. The recent development of the industry, its highly innovative character, the absence of unions and organizations for worker protection, and the persistence of a public perception that the industry is relatively safe and clean, are all identified as determinants of the extent of health hazards posed by chemical exposure. The paper concludes with recommendations for further studies, worker organization, and increased attention to the reduction of the volume and toxicity of chemicals in industrial production.
Traction Intolerance Syndrome: A Psychiatric Complication of Femoral Fractures
Authors: Putnam Nicholas , Yager Joel
Published: May 2005

Traction Intolerance Syndrome is defined as a behavioral and/or emotional reaction related to skeletal traction severe enough to require psychiatric consultation and/or the use of major psychiatric medication for prolonged periods in the absence of pre-existing major psychiatric illness. Patients often attribute these reactions to the predicament of traction. This syndrome was present in five of nine patients between the ages of sixteen and forty-five who underwent traction for more than three weeks admitted to the UCLA Orthopedic Service during calendar year 1975. Moreover, all the patients were between sixteen and twenty-six years of age, and all the patients in that age range developed the syndrome. The multiple contributions to the pathogenesis of these reactions are described, and the interventions of the liaison psychiatrist in intervention at the biological, psychological, family and hospital staff levels are discussed.
Analysis of the Communication Components Found within the Situational Leadership Model: Toward Integration of Communication and the Model
Authors: Brown Nicole A. , Barker Randolph T.
Published: May 2005

This article identifies and assesses the effectiveness of communicating expectations, listening, delegating, and providing feedback in relation to the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership model. It reviews the correlation between task versus relationship behavior that forms the basis of the Situational Leadership model. Then the article summarizes information found in literature on effective techniques for the four skills stated above. As these techniques are identified, they are discussed in relation to their effective use in the Situational Leadership model. To understand the application of the model in businesses and its impact on managers' communication effectiveness, we conducted a study of an operational department of a Fortune 500 financial services company. The results and content analysis of a survey we administered by random selection of the managers in this department indicate that successful use of the Situational Leadership model relies on effectiveness in four communication components: communicating expectations, listening, delegating, and providing feedback. Finally, we recommend areas of future research such as comparison analysis of surveys, interviews, and focus groups with subordinates of managers who have been trained on the Situational Leadership model and those who have not.
The Mandwa Project: An Experiment in Community Participation
Authors: Antia Noshir H.
Published: May 2005

The project at Mandwa was designed to study the problems of health in rural India and the delivery of health care by the existing public and private health systems. The results demonstrate the important role of socioeconomic and political factors not only in vital areas such as nutrition, water supply, sanitation, and housing, but also in the delivery of health services. The private sector showed a predominantly curative and monetary orientation, while the public sector demonstrated a lack of accountability to the people it was designed to serve. Under these conditions, an attempt was made to test the possibility of training local women in self-help with a minimal supportive service. The results reveal that adequate knowledge and technology exist for most of the prevalent problems of health and illness in developing countries, and that semiliterate villagers have the capacity to use these effectively if they are provided in a simple manner. This experiment also demonstrates the opposition from local vested interests to any change of the status quo, even in the relatively noncontroversial field of health.
The Use of Communication Satellites for the Delivery of Education and Training Services: A Brief History, and a Look at the Present and Future
Authors: Polcyn Kenneth A.
Published: May 2005

The United States began to think seriously about a domestic satellite in the late 60's. Educational interests were one of the first to begin lobbying for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to rule that carriers provide special rates. In 1969, Alaskans asked the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to use the Applications Technology Satellite Number 1 (ATS-1) for medical and education research. By 1970, the FCC decided to ask for proposals for domestic satellite systems to include provisions for low cost or free public services with special emphasis on education. Eight companies responded. After holding hearings throughout 1972, the FCC decided that sufficient information was not available about the economic viability of satellites to pursue the education topic. The first domestic satellite was provided by Western Union in 1974 followed by Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in 1975 and American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) in 1977; Satellite Business Systems (SBS) Corporation will provide another system in 1980. American Satellite Corporation began offering services in 1974 using the Western Union satellite. In addition, a maritime satellite (MARISAT) initiated services in the Atlantic Ocean to the U.S. Navy and Merchant fleets in 1976. While rates for special usage can be negotiated with the satellite common carriers, most of the carriers do not offer the technology that would permit widespread use of communications satellites for education and training unless existing systems are shared by many users. With the continuing proliferation of usage by business, industry and government, education may be able to negotiate the sharing of time and costs with these entities and obtain services which normally would be out of reach in the foreseeable future.
Swedish Austerity: Benefits at Risk
Authors: Carroll Eero
Published: May 2005

The Swedish welfare state is facing the greatest threat since its inception. Attacks stem from the country's sharp economic downturn since 1989 and the related currency crisis of September 1992. Politicians of the right and left have responded to the economic crisis by initiating cutbacks in social welfare programs and supporting policies that will lead to a massive transfer of income from working people to corporations. The focus on cutting social programs is misplaced. The Swedish economy flourished for decades with the network of social service programs in place; the welfare state cannot be blamed for economic problems that have only recently arisen.
Ivoryton, Connecticut: The Ivory Industry and Voluntary and Involuntary Migration in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Malcarne Donald L.
Published: May 2005

The lower Connecticut River Valley was the site of the ivory industry in the United States commencing at the turn of the 19th century. Ultimately, two firms—Comstock, Cheney & Co. in Ivoryton and Pratt Read Co. in Deep River—came to dominate this industry. The demand for ivory resulted in environmental losses in Central and East Africa, as well as the forced displacement of many human beings. Since 75 percent of the ivory exported from this area went to these two towns in the lower valley, one can see the direct impact Ivoryton and Deep River had on the social, economic, and environmental life of Africa. The voluntary migration of people from Europe to Ivoryton and Deep River in the late 19th century to work in these factories paralleled other situations in the United States that were a result of the Industrial Revolution.