bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is culturally informed psychiatry? Cultural understanding and withdrawal in the clinical encounter
Authors: Leseth Anne Birgitte
Published: September 2017

What is culturally informed psychiatry? What does it mean, and why is it important? These questions are discussed with a focus on the cultural aspects of the clinical encounter. The DSM-5 Outline for Cultural Formulation was developed as a method of assessing the cultural factors affecting the clinical encounter. It calls for the assessment of the cultural features of the relationship between the patient and the clinician; however, there is a lack of debate about what this means in practice. Clinicians run the risk of withdrawal rather than cultural understanding when facing patients with different cultural backgrounds. Using ethnographic material from anthropological fieldwork, I suggest that the encounter with cultural differences could be a useful point of departure for the clinician to develop cultural understanding. It is argued that recognising the experiences of differences is crucial in strengthening transcultural communication and preventing misdiagnosis in the clinician–patient encounter.
Trauma exposure and refugee status as predictors of mental health outcomes in treatment-seeking refugees
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen W. , Sleijpen Marieke , Mooren Trudy , ter Heide F. Jackie June , van der Aa Niels
Published: September 2017

Aims and method

This study aimed to identify predictors of symptom severity for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in asylum seekers and refugees referred to a specialised mental health centre. Trauma exposure (number and domain of event), refugee status and severity of PTSD and depression were assessed in 688 refugees.

Results

Symptom severity of PTSD and depression was significantly associated with lack of refugee status and accumulation of traumatic events. Four domains of traumatic events (human rights abuse, lack of necessities, traumatic loss, and separation from others) were not uniquely associated with symptom severity. All factors taken together explained 11% of variance in PTSD and depression.

Clinical implications

To account for multiple predictors of symptom severity including multiple traumatic events, treatment for traumatised refugees may need to be multimodal and enable the processing of multiple traumatic memories within a reasonable time-frame.
Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and therapeutic interventions: a global perspective
Authors: Young Susan , Greer Ben , Church Richard
Published: September 2017

This review considers juvenile delinquency and justice from an international perspective. Youth crime is a growing concern. Many young offenders are also victims with complex needs, leading to a public health approach that requires a balance of welfare and justice models. However, around the world there are variable and inadequate legal frameworks and a lack of a specialist workforce. The UK and other high-income countries worldwide have established forensic child and adolescent psychiatry, a multifaceted discipline incorporating legal, psychiatric and developmental fields. Its adoption of an evidence-based therapeutic intervention philosophy has been associated with greater reductions in recidivism compared with punitive approaches prevalent in some countries worldwide, and it is therefore a superior approach to dealing with the problem of juvenile delinquency.
The access and waiting-time standard for first-episode psychosis: an opportunity for identification and treatment of psychosis risk states?
Authors: Whale Richard , Thompson Andrew , Fraser Rick
Published: September 2017

Expansion of early intervention services to identify and clinically manage at-risk mental state for psychosis has been recently commissioned by NHS England. Although this is a welcome development for preventive psychiatry, further clarity is required on thresholds for definition of such risk states and their ability to predict subsequent outcomes. Intervention studies for these risk states have demonstrated that a variety of interventions, including those with fewer adverse effects than antipsychotic medication, may potentially be effective but they should be interpreted with caution.
Post-Disaster Damage Assessments as Catalysts for Recovery: A Look at Assessments Conducted in the Wake of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake
Authors: Lallemant David , Soden Robert , Rubinyi Steven , Loos Sabine , Barns Karen , Bhattacharjee Gitanjali
Published: September 2017

In the wake of large earthquake disasters, governments, international agencies, and large nongovernmental organizations scramble to conduct impact and damage assessments that help them understand the nature and scale of the emergency in order to orchestrate a complex series of emergency, response, and recovery activities. Using the Gorkha earthquake as a case study, this research seeks to provide greater clarity into the types of post-disaster damage assessments, their purposes, and their potential as catalysts for critical recovery activities. We argue that damage assessment methodologies need to be tailored to the diverse information needs in post-disaster contexts, which vary by user group and change over time. This research builds upon the authors’ direct experience supporting the government of Nepal in the Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) process, support with the rapid visual inspections conducted by the National Engineering Association, and interviews with humanitarian organizations who conducted damage assessment in Nepal.
Effect of Inpatient Palliative Care During Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant on Psychological Distress 6 Months After Transplant: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: El-Jawahri Areej , Traeger Lara , Greer Joseph A. , VanDusen Harry , Fishman Sarah R. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Pirl William F. , Jackson Vicki A. , Telles Jason , Rhodes Alison , Li Zhigang , Spitzer Thomas R. , McAfee Steven , Chen Yi-Bin A. , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Inpatient palliative care integrated with transplant care improves patients’ quality of life (QOL) and symptom burden during hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HCT). We assessed patients’ mood, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and QOL 6 months post-transplant.

Methods

We randomly assigned 160 patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent autologous or allogeneic HCT to inpatient palliative care integrated with transplant care (n = 81) or transplant care alone (n = 79). At baseline and 6 months post-transplant, we assessed mood, PTSD symptoms, and QOL with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire, PTSD checklist, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant. To assess symptom burden during HCT, we used the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. We used analysis of covariance while controlling for baseline values to examine intervention effects and conducted causal mediation analyses to examine whether symptom burden or mood during HCT mediated the effect of the intervention on 6-month outcomes.

Results

We enrolled 160 (86%) of 186 potentially eligible patients between August 2014 and January 2016. At 6 months post-transplant, intervention participants reported lower depression symptoms on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (adjusted mean difference, −1.21 [95% CI, −2.26 to −0.16; P = .024] and −1.63 [95% CI, −3.08 to −0.19; P = .027], respectively) and lower PTSD symptoms (adjusted mean difference, −4.02; 95% CI, −7.18 to −0.86; P = .013), but no difference in QOL or anxiety. Symptom burden and anxiety during HCT hospitalization partially mediated the effect of the intervention on depression and PTSD at 6 months post-transplant.

Conclusion

Inpatient palliative care integrated with transplant care leads to improvements in depression and PTSD symptoms at 6 months post-transplant. Reduction in symptom burden and anxiety during HCT partially accounts for the effect of the intervention on these outcomes.
Perspectives on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Research Underfunded?
Authors: Brakta Soumia , Lizneva Daria , Mykhalchenko Kateryna , Imam Adonis , Walker Walidah , Diamond Michael P , Azziz Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic abnormality with a worldwide prevalence of 4% to 21%, depending on diagnostic criteria. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the largest single funding agency in the world; it invests nearly $30.0 billion annually in biomedical research.

Evidence Acquisition

Using the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting tool, we searched for all grants awarded by the NIH for PCOS and three other disorders with similar degrees of morbidity and similar or lower mortality and prevalence [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tuberculosis (TB), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)].

Evidence Synthesis

We compared funding by the NIH for PCOS, RA, TB, and SLE research for the years 2006 to 2015, inclusive.

Conclusion

PCOS, compared with RA, TB, and SLE, was relatively less funded (total mean 10-year funding was $215.12 million vs $454.39 million, $773.77 million, and $609.52 million, respectively). Funding for PCOS was largely provided by one NIH Institute/Center (ICs) vs at least two ICs for SLE and RA; more individual Research Project Grants were awarded for RA, SLE, and TB than for PCOS, whereas PCOS funding was more likely to be through General Clinical Research Centers Program or Specialized Centers Program awards. Our data suggest that PCOS research may be underfunded considering its prevalence, economic burden, metabolic morbidity, and negative impact on quality of life. Greater education of NIH leaders, including those at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; other federal and state agency leads; elected leaders; and the general public by professional societies, the scientific community, and patient advocates regarding this disorder is needed.
Metabolism in time and space – exploring the frontier of developmental biology
Authors: Krejci Alena , Tennessen Jason M.
Published: September 2017

Despite the fact that metabolic studies played a prominent role in the early history of developmental biology research, the field of developmental metabolism was largely ignored following the advent of modern molecular biology. Metabolism, however, has recently re-emerged as a focal point of biomedical studies and, as a result, developmental biologists are once again exploring the chemical and energetic forces that shape growth, development and maturation. In May 2017, a diverse group of scientists assembled at the EMBO/EMBL Symposium ‘Metabolism in Time and Space’ to discuss how metabolism influences cellular and developmental processes. The speakers not only described how metabolic flux adapts to the energetic needs of a developing organism, but also emphasized that metabolism can directly regulate developmental progression. Overall, and as we review here, this interdisciplinary meeting provided a valuable forum to explore the interface between developmental biology and metabolism.
Vegetally localised Vrtn functions as a novel repressor to modulate bmp2b transcription during dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish
Authors: Shao Ming , Wang Min , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Ge Yi-Wen , Zhang Yan-Jun , Shi De-Li
Published: September 2017

The vegetal pole cytoplasm represents a crucial source of maternal dorsal determinants for patterning the dorsoventral axis of the early embryo. Removal of the vegetal yolk in the zebrafish fertilised egg before the completion of the first cleavage results in embryonic ventralisation, but removal of this part at the two-cell stage leads to embryonic dorsalisation. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here, we report a novel mode of maternal regulation of BMP signalling during dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish. We identify Vrtn as a novel vegetally localised maternal factor with dorsalising activity and rapid transport towards the animal pole region after fertilisation. Co-injection of vrtn mRNA with vegetal RNAs from different cleavage stages suggests the presence of putative vegetally localised Vrtn antagonists with slower animal pole transport. Thus, vegetal ablation at the two-cell stage could remove most of the Vrtn antagonists, and allows Vrtn to produce the dorsalising effect. Mechanistically, Vrtn binds a bmp2b regulatory sequence and acts as a repressor to inhibit its zygotic transcription. Analysis of maternal-zygotic vrtn mutants further shows that Vrtn is required to constrain excessive bmp2b expression in the margin. Our work unveils a novel maternal mechanism regulating zygotic BMP gradient in dorsoventral patterning.
Dnmt1-dependent Chk1 pathway suppression is protective against neuron division
Authors: Oshikawa Mio , Okada Kei , Tabata Hidenori , Nagata Koh-ichi , Ajioka Itsuki
Published: September 2017

Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle exit are tightly coordinated, even in pathological situations. When pathological neurons re-enter the cell cycle and progress through the S phase, they undergo cell death instead of division. However, the mechanisms underlying mitotic resistance are mostly unknown. Here, we have found that acute inactivation of retinoblastoma (Rb) family proteins (Rb, p107 and p130) in mouse postmitotic neurons leads to cell death after S-phase progression. Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway activation during the S phase prevented the cell death, and allowed the division of cortical neurons that had undergone acute Rb family inactivation, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or in vivo hypoxia-ischemia. During neurogenesis, cortical neurons became protected from S-phase Chk1 pathway activation by the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1, and underwent cell death after S-phase progression. Our results indicate that Chk1 pathway activation overrides mitotic safeguards and uncouples neuronal differentiation from mitotic resistance.
Functional and evolutionary insights from the Ciona notochord transcriptome
Authors: Reeves Wendy M. , Wu Yuye , Harder Matthew J. , Veeman Michael T.
Published: September 2017

The notochord of the ascidian Ciona consists of only 40 cells, and is a longstanding model for studying organogenesis in a small, simple embryo. Here, we perform RNAseq on flow-sorted notochord cells from multiple stages to define a comprehensive Ciona notochord transcriptome. We identify 1364 genes with enriched expression and extensively validate the results by in situ hybridization. These genes are highly enriched for Gene Ontology terms related to the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cytoskeleton. Orthologs of 112 of the Ciona notochord genes have known notochord expression in vertebrates, more than twice as many as predicted by chance alone. This set of putative effector genes with notochord expression conserved from tunicates to vertebrates will be invaluable for testing hypotheses about notochord evolution. The full set of Ciona notochord genes provides a foundation for systems-level studies of notochord gene regulation and morphogenesis. We find only modest overlap between this set of notochord-enriched transcripts and the genes upregulated by ectopic expression of the key notochord transcription factor Brachyury, indicating that Brachyury is not a notochord master regulator gene as strictly defined.
An interview with George Daley
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: September 2017

George Daley is Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Caroline Shields Walker Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. A former Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and President of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) from 2007-2008, his lab works on the biology and clinical application of stem cells, with a particular focus on hematopoiesis. He was awarded the Public Service Award at the ISSCR 2017 meeting in Boston, where we caught up with him to discuss his move from the lab to the clinic and back again, his quest to derive human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, and his advocacy for science in uncertain political times.
Mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Ferguson Joshua P. , Huber Scott D. , Willy Nathan M. , Aygün Esra , Goker Sevde , Atabey Tugba , Kural Comert
Published: September 2017

We characterized the tension response of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by using various cell manipulation methodologies. Elevated tension in a cell hinders clathrin-mediated endocytosis through inhibition of de novo coat initiation, elongation of clathrin coat lifetimes and reduction of high-magnitude growth rates. Actin machinery supplies an inward pulling force necessary for internalization of clathrin coats under high tension. These findings suggest that the physical cues cells receive from their microenvironment are major determinants of clathrin-mediated endocytic activity.
The ABCs of Financial Education: Experimental Evidence on Attitudes, Behavior, and Cognitive Biases
Authors: Carpena Fenella , Cole Shawn , Shapiro Jeremy , Zia Bilal
Published: September 2017

This paper uses a large-scale field experiment in India to study attitudinal, behavioral, and cognitive constraints that can stymie the link between financial education and financial outcomes. The study complements financial education with (i) financial incentives on a financial literacy test to affect participant motivation, (ii) financial goal setting to provide a psychological nudge, and (iii) personalized financial counseling to enhance the intensity of treatment. The analysis finds no impact of financial incentives on learning but significant effects of both goal setting and counseling on real financial outcomes. These results identify important complements to financial education that can bridge the gap between financial knowledge and behavior change.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2819 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Microindentation – a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness?
Authors: Arnold M. , Zhao S. , Ma S. , Giuliani F. , Hansen U. , Cobb J. P. , Abel R. L. , Boughton O.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Microindentation has the potential to measure the stiffness of an individual patient’s bone. Bone stiffness plays a crucial role in the press-fit stability of orthopaedic implants. Arming surgeons with accurate bone stiffness information may reduce surgical complications including periprosthetic fractures. The question addressed with this systematic review is whether microindentation can accurately measure cortical bone stiffness.

Methods

A systematic review of all English language articles using a keyword search was undertaken using Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Studies that only used nanoindentation, cancellous bone or animal tissue were excluded.

Results

A total of 1094 abstracts were retrieved and 32 papers were included in the analysis, 20 of which used reference point indentation, and 12 of which used traditional depth-sensing indentation. There are several factors that must be considered when using microindentation, such as tip size, depth and method of analysis. Only two studies validated microindentation against traditional mechanical testing techniques. Both studies used reference point indentation (RPI), with one showing that RPI parameters correlate well with mechanical testing, but the other suggested that they do not.

Conclusion

Microindentation has been used in various studies to assess bone stiffness, but only two studies with conflicting results compared microindentation with traditional mechanical testing techniques. Further research, including more studies comparing microindentation with other mechanical testing methods, is needed before microindentation can be used reliably to calculate cortical bone stiffness. Cite this article: M. Arnold, S. Zhao, S. Ma, F. Giuliani, U. Hansen, J. P. Cobb, R. L. Abel, O. Boughton. Microindentation – a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:542–549. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.69.BJR-2016-0317.R2.
O fundo António de Lima Fragoso na Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra
Authors: Ramires Isabel João , Nogueira Sandra
Published: September 2017

António de Lima Fragoso, pianista e compositor, morreu aos 21 anos deixando uma expressiva obra musical que, apesar de naturalmente incompleta, é considerada cultural e historicamente relevante e de elevado valor artístico musical. Com o apontamento de alguns dados crono-biográficos de António Fragoso, apresenta-se uma descrição do Fundo doado à BGUC em 2014 pela família, que compreende o espólio musical e literário do compositor, incluindo correspondência, já devidamente organizado e incorporado no acervo musical e musicológico da BGUC.
Optimization of the treatment process of zinc leaching residue by using the response surface method
Authors: Ma Hongzhou , Xie Hongwei , Wang Yaoning , Yan Chao
Published: September 2017

The decrease in the zinc volatilization rate is usually due to the liquid phase, which is typically generated in the rotary kiln. The response surface model was built to analyze and explore the effects of carbon content, basicity, and holding time on the zinc volatilization rate and residue state. Moreover, the model was used to optimize the experimental conditions. The results showed that the effect of basicity on zinc volatilization rate was statistically significant, whereas the effects of carbon content and holding time were relatively small. The optimized process conditions were as follows: carbon content of 32%, basicity of 3, and holding time of 30 min. Under this condition, the zinc volatilization rate was 99.65%, and the furnace residue was sintered, which proved to be beneficial to the subsequent step of iron extraction.
Convective heat transfer in a porous enclosure saturated by nanofluid with different heat sources
Authors: Muthtamilselvan M. , Sureshkumar S.
Published: September 2017

The present study is proposed to investigate the effects of various lengths and different locations of the heater on the left sidewall in a square lid-driven porous cavity filled with nanofluid. A higher temperature is maintained on the left wall where three different lengths and three different locations of the heat source are considered for the analysis. The right wall is kept at a lower temperature while the top and bottom walls, and the remaining portions of the heated wall are adiabatic. The governing equations are solved by finite volume method. The results show that among the different lengths of the heat source, an enhancement in the heat transfer rate is observed only for the length LH = 1/3 of the heat source. In the case of location of the heat source, the overall heat transfer rate is increased when the heat source is located at the top of the hot wall. For Ri = 1 and 0.01, a better heat transfer rate is obtained when the heat source is placed at the top of the hot wall whereas for Ri = 100, it occurs when the heating portion is at the middle of the hot wall. As the solid volume fraction increases, the viscosity of the fluid is increased, which causes a reduction in the flow intensity. An addition of nanoparticles in the base fluid enhances the overall heat transfer rate significantly for all Da considered. The permeability of the porous medium plays a major role in convection of nanofluid than porosity. A high heat transfer rate (57.26%) is attained for Da = 10−1 and χ = 0.06.
Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review
Authors: Habeeb Omar Abed , Kanthasamy Ramesh , Ali Gomaa A.M. , Sethupathi Sumathi , Yunus Rosli Bin Mohd
Published: September 2017

This review highlights the recent technologies of H2S removal from wastewater in the petroleum refinery. H2S is a harmful, putrid, and hazardous gaseous compound. The main processes such as physicochemical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical methods were compared and discussed in detail. The effects of various parameters and adsorbent characteristics were highlighted and correlated with the adsorption capacities. Surface functional groups and porosity surface area play a crucial role in the process of single-phase and composite adsorbents. Composite materials impregnated with some metals showed high removal efficiencies. It was found that the adsorption process is the most relevant way for H2S removal due to its high removal efficiency, low cost, eco-friendly, and operational simplicity. This study serves as a useful guideline for those who are interested in H2S removal.
Predictive Utility of Personality Disorder in Depression: Comparison of Outcomes and Taxonomic Approach
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Mulder Roger , Ellis Pete M. , Boden Joseph M. , Joyce Peter
Published: September 2017

There is debate around the best model for diagnosing personality disorder, both in terms of its relationship to the empirical data and clinical utility. Four randomized controlled trials examining various treatments for depression were analyzed at an individual patient level. Three different approaches to the diagnosis of personality disorder were analyzed in these patients. A total of 578 depressed patients were included in the analysis. Personality disorder, however measured, was of little predictive utility in the short term but added significantly to predictive modelling of mediumterm outcomes, accounting for more than twice as much of the variance in social functioning outcome as depression psychopathology. Personality disorder assessment is of predictive utility with longer timeframes and when considering social outcomes as opposed to symptom counts. This utility is sufficiently great that there appears to be value in assessing personality; however, no particular approach outperforms any other.
Structural Relationships Among the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism
Authors: Spencer Christopher C. , Foster Joshua D. , Bedwell Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2017

Research shows that grandiosity and vulnerability are distinct aspects of narcissism. The Contemporary Clinical Model (CCM) of narcissism suggests that individuals fluctuate between grandiose narcissism (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN). The authors examine the relative contributions of the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) in the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (r-RST) to GN and VN. Few studies examine the r-RST, and even fewer examine the VN and GN distinction. To remain consistent with the CCM, structural equation modeling was used to account for individuals’ relative levels of VN and GN. Across two independent samples (Ns = 854 and 258), results indicated that GN is associated with higher BAS scores and that VN is associated with higher BIS scores. Relations among GN, VN, and FFFS were inconsistent between samples. Implications of the r-RST results are interpreted within the context of the CCM.
Contralateral Bias of High Spatial Frequency Tuning and Cardinal Direction Selectivity in Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Salinas Kirstie J. , Figueroa Velez Dario X. , Zeitoun Jack H. , Kim Hyungtae , Gandhi Sunil P.
Published: September 2017

Binocular mechanisms for visual processing are thought to enhance spatial acuity by combining matched input from the two eyes. Studies in the primary visual cortex of carnivores and primates have confirmed that eye-specific neuronal response properties are largely matched. In recent years, the mouse has emerged as a prominent model for binocular visual processing, yet little is known about the spatial frequency tuning of binocular responses in mouse visual cortex. Using calcium imaging in awake mice of both sexes, we show that the spatial frequency preference of cortical responses to the contralateral eye is ∼35% higher than responses to the ipsilateral eye. Furthermore, we find that neurons in binocular visual cortex that respond only to the contralateral eye are tuned to higher spatial frequencies. Binocular neurons that are well matched in spatial frequency preference are also matched in orientation preference. In contrast, we observe that binocularly mismatched cells are more mismatched in orientation tuning. Furthermore, we find that contralateral responses are more direction-selective than ipsilateral responses and are strongly biased to the cardinal directions. The contralateral bias of high spatial frequency tuning was found in both awake and anesthetized recordings. The distinct properties of contralateral cortical responses may reflect the functional segregation of direction-selective, high spatial frequency-preferring neurons in earlier stages of the central visual pathway. Moreover, these results suggest that the development of binocularity and visual acuity may engage distinct circuits in the mouse visual system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSeeing through two eyes is thought to improve visual acuity by enhancing sensitivity to fine edges. Using calcium imaging of cellular responses in awake mice, we find surprising asymmetries in the spatial processing of eye-specific visual input in binocular primary visual cortex. The contralateral visual pathway is tuned to higher spatial frequencies than the ipsilateral pathway. At the highest spatial frequencies, the contralateral pathway strongly prefers to respond to visual stimuli along the cardinal (horizontal and vertical) axes. These results suggest that monocular, and not binocular, mechanisms set the limit of spatial acuity in mice. Furthermore, they suggest that the development of visual acuity and binocularity in mice involves different circuits.
Between Economic Burden and Cultural Dignity: Belis in the Marital Custom of the NTT Society
Authors: Rodliyah Siti , Purwasito Andrik , Sudardi Bani , Abdullah Wakit
Published: September 2017

The indigenous marital system giving belis â€˜bride priceâ€™ practiced by the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, is one of the Nusantara marital custom phenomena thatÂ  today has developed and raised issues of both pros and cons which deserves critical scrutiny from Cultural studies and Anthropological perspective. Both perspectives facilitate the critical standpoint of the NTT societyâ€™s mindset summarized in the cultural or customary marriage rules requiring a marriage with belis. This study revealed that in the attitude towards belis, the East Nusa Tenggara women agreed and taken for granted the construction of their reality and power production through various discourses. Current practice of belis raises the economic capitalism up to the identity contestations. Lately, the essence and value of belis have changed and are likely to be more commercial. Even some may view it as mere a symbol and customary fixtures, such as in the region of Lamaholot imposing the elephant tusks, and the Allor society with their Moko as the payment methods of belis.Â  Belis has left biggest challenge for the communities who are not able to afford higher bride-price objects, this consequently lead to a more emerging unlawful marriages as a resistance against the unresolved poverty problems.
The Role of Timorese Women in Food Management
Authors: Puspita Dhanang
Published: September 2017

Timorese people have made gender segregation for several things such as; sex, traditional house and job. Timorese women are identical to round houses (ume kbubu), where inside the house, the women spend their time and activities. Timorese women play an important role in ume kbubu, one of which is the management of food. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of Timorese women in food management. This research was conducted in Binaus Village, Molo Tengah District, South Central Timor Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. This research employed qualitative descriptive method from observation and interview. Timorese entitlement receives rights and responsibilities related to food management. They will arrange all streams of incoming and outgoing food. The conclusion of this research is that Timorese women have full control over family food management.
Aesthetic Adaptation as a Culture Strategy in Preserving the Local Creative Potentials
Authors: Triyanto Triyanto , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Sugiarto Eko
Published: September 2017

This study aims to understand and explain the problems of aesthetic adaptation through the development of ceramic art design in Mayong Lor Village as a cultural strategy in facing market competition to maintain the local characteristics. The research data was through by participant observation technique, in-depth interview, and document data tracking. The results show the following: First, the type of ceramic products can be classified into four categories, namely: 1) celengan (piggy banks), (2) children›s toys/remitance (keg, jars, cups, glasses, plates, paso, teapots, earrings, angklo, kekep) , (3) glassware for household purposes, such as jugs, kendil, padasan, and cowek, (4) decorative items (vases, jars, pots, wuwungan tiles, pencil pot, souvenirs, and carving. Aesthetically, the expression on ceramic pottery of Mayong Lor Village is simple and non-complicated as well as prioritizes the aspect of physical function which is oriented to economic value. Second, the social and cultural environment of Mayong Lor society creates typical patterns of interaction and lifestyle (with the support of its natural resources) resulting in the process of skill transfer of ceramic pottery traditionally from generation to generation and produces a unique and simple ceramic product. Third, in the midst of the strong influence of modern industrial pressures, the craftsmen struggle in the process of creativity by performing an aesthetic adaptation to develop new design with new artistic and economical values as the embodiment of a cultural strategy to maintain the creative potential of their local arts.
DIAGNOSIS of ENDOCRINE DISEASE: SDHx mutations: beyond pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Mannelli Massimo , Canu Letizia , Ercolino Tonino , Rapizzi Elena , Martinelli Serena , Parenti Gabriele , De Filpo Giuseppina , Nesi Gabriella
Published: September 2017

Mutations in one of the five genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) or mitochondrial complex II cause the corresponding family syndromes characterized by the occurrence of pheochromocytomas (PHEO) and paragangliomas (PGL). Recently, other solid growths, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and pituitary adenomas (PAs) have been associated with these syndromes. In the absence of prospective studies assessing their frequency, at present, their occurrence seems too infrequent to suggest systematic screening for SDHx mutation carriers. However, SDHB immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tumor tissues or SDHx genetic testing on blood or tumor samples should be performed in patients affected by GISTs, RCCs or PAs with clinicopathologic phenotypes suggesting an etiologic role of SDHx genes.
Active Oxygen and Solid Alkali Pretreatment of Bamboo Residue: Features of Hemicellulose during the Cooking Process
Authors: Du Juan , Xiong Caixia , Luo Bin , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Lei Tingzhou , Liu Shijie , Lin Lu
Published: September 2017

Bamboo residue was treated with an active oxygen (O2) and solid alkali (MgO) (CAOSA) process, which was developed recently by the authors owing to its environmentally friendly and high-efficiency characteristics. During the cooking process, 93.0% of lignin and 62.1% of hemicellulose were removed from the raw material, which resulted in a cellulose-rich pulp. This indicated that this cooking process is efficient to fractionate the bamboo residue into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as a pretreatment for biomass conversion. The structural features of the hemicellulose from the pretreated bamboo residue were analyzed for comparison with that of the raw materials. The molecular structure of the hemicellulose fractions obtained from both the raw bamboo and pulp consisted of a (1→4)-β-D-Xylp backbone substituted with α-L-Araf and 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronic acid. The hemicellulose with more side chains tended to be more easily removed from the bamboo cell wall during the CAOSA process. Furthermore, the fractions of hemicellulose exhibited much lower thermal stabilities after the cooking process than the raw material.
Demand and Deliver: Refugee Support Organisations in Austria
Authors: De Jong Sara , Ataç Ilker
Published: September 2017

This article analyses four emerging refugee support organisations in Austria, founded before the so-called refugee crisis in 2015. It argues that these organisations have managed to occupy a middle space between mainstream NGOs and social movements with structures of inclusive governance, a high degree of autonomy, personalised relationships with refugees, and radical critique combined with service delivery. Based on interviews with the founders of each organisation, we show that their previous NGO and social movement experience formed a springboard for the new initiatives. It not only allowed them to identify significant gaps in existing service provision, but also provided the space of confrontation with the asylum system inspiring a strong sense of outrage, which in turn developed into political critique. We argue that this critique combined with identifying the needs of asylum seekers and refugees has produced a new type of organisation, which both delivers services and articulates radical demands. Each organisation offers a space of encounter, which undoes the ‘organised disintegration’ of the asylum system.
Feeling the Scope of Solidarity: The Role of Emotions for Volunteers Supporting Refugees in Germany
Authors: Karakayali Serhat
Published: September 2017

In recent political debates in Germany, volunteers and citizens who support the cause of refugees are often accused of being “too emotional”. Based mainly on empirical evidence from 10 group discussions and 35 individual interviews with volunteers, conducted in 2016, this article undertakes a sociological analysis of the role of emotions for volunteers.
O ideal de kalokagathia em Xenofonte: uma análise dos excessos
Authors: Sousa Luana Neres de
Published: September 2017

Xenofonte, polígrafo ateniense que viveu no século V a.C., produziu um diálogo intitulado Banquete que possui como fio condutor as ações dos homens virtuosos, ou seja, dos kaloikagathoi. Nosso objetivo é identificar o que para Xenofonte consistia a kalokagathia a partir da análise de dois personagens do Banquete que se constituem em paradigmas de excesso: Nicerato e Critóbulo.
Espaços urbanos e relações de poder no Egito romano
Authors: Vasques Marcia Severina
Published: September 2017

Os estudos sobre o Egito romano, durante muito tempo, não se dedicaram a explorar a influência romana na configuração das cidades, ao que parece não muito evidente no interior do território egípcio. No entanto, esta é uma temática que tem sido abordada cada vez com mais frequência por historiadores e arqueólogos. O Egito romano normalmente é considerado como sendo constituído por póleis de fundação grega, por metrópoles (capitais dos nomos) e por aldeias. A partir desta configuração, propomos abordar a questão das relações de poder e da formação do espaço urbano na chora egípcia, ou seja, o Egito, com exceção da cidade de Alexandria
O governo imperial e os estudos sobre a infância na Antiguidade Tardia: os modelos de imperadores infantes no Império Romano tardo-antigo ocidental
Authors: Silva Érica Cristhyane Morais da
Published: September 2017

Resenha de McEVOY, M. A. Child emperor rule in the late roman west (a.D. 367‑455). Oxford: Oxford University, 2013, 384 p.
O Moretum, a escravidão e o Principado
Authors: Joly Fábio Duarte
Published: September 2017

Este artigo centra-se no poema Moretum, da Appendix Vergiliana. Os estudos sobre essa obra em geral priorizam aspectos de ordem literária, buscando qualificar seu estilo e relações com o gênero épico. Meu propósito é analisar o poema como um componente nas discussões sobre a escravidão no Alto Império Romano, que, por sua vez, se situam no contexto das tensões entre imperador e aristocratas quando da instalação do Principado.
O forum romanum e a formação social do vir bonus: o caso de Caio Otávio (I a.C.)
Authors: Campos Carlos Eduardo da Costa
Published: September 2017

O estudo do forum apresenta múltiplas leituras no que tange aos seus significados para os romanos. Afinal, determinados lugares podem ser utilizados ao longo da história para justificar processos de legitimação do poder, de construção de identidades, assim como de segregação ou de integração entre sujeitos no interior de um segmento ou em um ambiente externo a ele. A perspectiva aqui apresentada consiste em analisar o forum como um lugar antropológico no processo de construção do jovem aristocrata (masculino) em Roma, como Caio Otávio, para que esse sujeito pudesse tornar-se o vir bonus (bom cidadão) por excelência.
Formas da História Antiga: contribuições brasileiras para as discussões sobre o Império Romano
Authors: Souza Dominique Monge Rodrigues de
Published: September 2017

Resenha de JOLY, F. D.; FAVERSANI, F. (Org.). As formas do Império Romano. Mariana: Editora Ufop, 2014. 107 p.
Reflexões sobre a arquitetura religiosa romana: a construção de templos segundo o 'De architectura', de Vitrúvio
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Teresa Marques , Cunha Macsuelber De Cássio Barros da
Published: September 2017

Único tratado sobre arquitetura a chegar aos nossos dias praticamente completo, o De architectura, de Vitrúvio, é uma obra de grande importância para o estudo da arquitetura romana. Escrita e publicada no momento de transição entre a República, como forma de governo, e o que ficou conhecido como Principado, tal obra possui uma forte ligação com o contexto ao qual pertence, vinculando-se de modo perceptível à política construtora de Otávio Augusto, a quem a obra é dedicada. Neste artigo, utilizamos o De architecturapara refletir sobre as principais orientações de Vitrúvio acerca da construção dos templos, a moradia das divindades.
A data da 'Regra dos quatro Padres' e o início do monastério de Lérins
Authors: Figuinha Matheus Coutinho
Published: September 2017

O monastério de Lérins, fundado por Honorato entre 400 e 410, foi a mais importante instituição monástica do Ocidente no século V. Recentemente, Adalbert de Vogüé e Jean-Pierre Weiss engajaram-se em um complexo debate acerca da primeira regra do monastério, a chamada Regra dos quatro Padres. Neste artigo, reconsidero os argumentos de ambos os autores e investigo quando e porque a Regra dos quatro Padres foi composta. Sugiro que Honorato e seus primeiros companheiros estabeleceram-se em Lérins como eremitas e que a Regra dos quatro Padres foi escrita entre 414 e 419 com a intenção de legitimar a reunião dos lerinenses em um único monastério e a autoridade do superior.
Do cosmos antigo à cosmovisão cristã: o monstruoso entre o último período antigo e o advento da Cristandade
Authors: Amaral Ronaldo
Published: September 2017

Almejamos tratar aqui de um problema fundamental que marcouimperativamente o período de transição que vai do último período antigoao advento da Cristandade: a confluência de duas visões de mundoora pautadas pelas continuidades (e no seu bojo pelos processos deapropriações, releituras, ressignificações) ora pelas rupturas. Aqui, emparticular, trataremos da controversa concepção acerca da natureza dosseres marcados pela alteridade ou, se desejarmos, os seres monstruososque, para além de uma abordagem estritamente historiográfica, nosensejaram a discutir conceitos e percepções de profundas implicaçõesantropológicas e filosóficas, como o belo e o feio, o bem e o mal, osemelhante e o diferente.
As estratégias para a manutenção do poder: os governantes nas obras de Heródoto (V a.C.) e Estrabão (I a.C. - I d.C.)
Authors: Junqueira Nathalia Monseff
Published: September 2017

Neste artigo, temos como objetivo apresentar as formas degoverno descritas em dois autores da Antiguidade: Heródoto, historiadorgrego, e Estrabão, geógrafo do período romano. Suas obras não têm apreocupação em enfocar nos assuntos políticos. Entretanto, conseguimosmapear passagens nas quais as diversas maneiras de governar sãodescritas, e quais são consideradas as melhores formas de governo pelosautores.
Entre 'senatores' e 'principes': formas historiográficas e atuação política no Principado
Authors: Dias Mamede Queiroz
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste texto é duplo. Em um primeiro momento,buscaremos analisar como a historiografia moderna, entre finais do séculoXIX e ao longo do século XX, compreende o papel da aristocracia romanano Principado entre os séculos I e II d.C. Em um segundo momento,por meio de uma passagem dos livros tiberianos dos Anais, de Tácito,buscaremos propor alguns caminhos para analisarmos e explicarmos aatuação política dessa aristocracia da urbs em meio à esfera pública, nocontexto imperial.
Os reis de Roma e os primeiros desdobramentos da República romana, segundo Eutrópio: tradução anotada do livro primeiro de seu 'Breviarium'
Authors: Sant’Anna Henrique Modanez de
Published: September 2017

Este texto propõe uma tradução acrescida de comentárioshistóricos do livro primeiro do Breviarium, de Eutrópio, escrito emalgum momento entre 367 e 378 d.C., de modo a fornecer ao leitor umaversão portuguesa atualizada da narrativa de Eutrópio, particularmentede sua décima parte, que trata do período monárquico romano e dosprimeiros desdobramentos da República romana. Como se pode notarpela estrutura do livro primeiro do Breviarium, apresentada neste estudoantes da apresentação da tradução do texto latino, Eutrópio deve suasinterpretações a Tito Lívio, embora algumas informações – naturalmentemuito mais sintéticas – sejam curiosamente dissonantes.
O culto de Atargátis no Império Romano: entre a 'religio' e a 'superstitio'
Authors: Soares Hariadne Da Penha
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as principais características do culto à divindade de origem síria Atargátis no Império Romano à luz de dois importantes documentos: o opúsculo De Dea Syria, atribuído a Luciano de Samósata, e a obra Metamorphoses, escrita por Apuleio de Madaura, ambas produzidas no segundo século da nossa Era. Nosso objetivo é discutir como foi a penetração, absorção e difusão do culto à Deusa Síria no Império Romano, bem como o modo como seus adoradores eram caracterizados pela sociedade romana alto imperial.
Additiver Kettenindex für die Preisbereinigung der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung: Kritische Überlegungen aus aktuellem Anlass
Authors: Reich Utz-Peter
Published: September 2017

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Kernel Density Estimation: Theory and Application in Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Ledl Thomas
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, one can find a huge set of methods to estimate the density function of a random variable nonparametrically. Since the first version of the most elementary nonparametric density estimator (the histogram) researchers produced a vast amount of ideas especially corresponding to the issue of choosing the bandwidth parameter in a kernel density estimator model. To focus not only on a descriptive application, the model seems to be quite suitable for application in discriminant analysis, where (multivariate) class densities are the basis for the assignment of a vector to a given class. Thisarticle gives insight to most popular bandwidth parameter selectors as well as to the performance of the kernel density estimator as a classification method compared to the classical linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, respectively. Both a direct estimation in a multivariate space as well as an application of the concept to marginal normalizations of the single variables will be taken into consideration. From this report the gap between theory and application is going to be pointed out.