bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nihil novi sub sole:The Need for Rethinking WTO and Green Subsidies in Light ofUnited States – Renewable Energy
Authors: Nelson Douglas , Puccio Laura
Published: June 2021

US–Renewable Energyis the last in a series of WTO disputes involving subsidies schemes with local content requirements. Local content requirements (LCRs) are highly discriminatory and trade distortive instruments and therefore all cases concerning green energy have been found to violate WTO law. However, recent jurisprudence has developed a different definition of prohibited LCRs under the GATT and the SCM agreement, the latter allowing for some leeway to define origin of products under a government subsidy scheme. Depending how the subsidy scheme is framed, it will be able to be excused from the GATT's more stringent prohibition of LCRs, this raises question of consistency in the application of the LCRs prohibition. Moreover, we review a simple and robust approach that modern welfare economics suggests for framing discussions of subsidy policy. We apply this approach to the case of renewable energy subsidies and discuss some complexities with respect to local content requirements. In conclusion, this allows us to critically assess and review proposals to increase coherence between WTO subsidy policy and green energy promotion policies and submit proposals to achieve better suited WTO subsidy rules.
Cannabis and Its Different Strains
Authors: Muro Anna , Cladellas Ramon , Castellà Judit
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Previous studies show how time perception can be altered by cannabis consumption, but it is not clear yet whether cannabis produces temporal underproductions or overproductions after acute cannabis intoxication. The present study aimed to analyze a sample of 50 regular cannabis users controlling for cannabis strain (sativa, indica, and hybrid) and to compare their scores in a temporal production task before and after consuming cannabis with a control group of 49 nonusers. Results showed that cannabis intake leads to overproductions, suggesting that regular users’ internal tempo slows down after acute intoxication. However, the analyses of main effects showed that indica users, both at baseline levels and after consuming, reported significant underproductions compared to controls, sativa, and hybrid users, and the cannabis-induced effects had a higher magnitude after smoking in the indica-strain group. Results highlight the relevance of including the type of strain consumed in cannabis studies, and they are discussed in terms of short- and long-term alterations in temporal perception under the light of the self-medication theory and the therapeutic uses of cannabis.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Diapycnal Mixing in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Katsumata K. , Talley L. D. , Capuano T. A. , Whalen C. B.
Published: June 2021

The rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and diapycnal diffusivity are estimated along 10 hydrographic sections across the Indian Ocean from a depth of 500 m to the seabed. Six sections were occupied twice. On the meridional section, which is nominally along 95°E, spatial patterns were observed to persist throughout the three occupations. Since the variability in diffusivity exceeds the variability in the vertical gradients of temperature and salinity, we conclude that the diffusive diapycnal fluxes vary mostly with diffusivity. In high latitudes, diapycnal diffusions of both temperature and salinity contribute almost equally to density diffusion, particularly across isopycnals just above the salinity maximum, while mainly temperature contributes in other latitudes. The known zonal difference in turbulence is reproduced. Diffusivity from the seabed to 4,000 m above the seabed has an exponential profile with a mode value of 4 × 10−4 m2s−1 at 1,000 m above the seabed and is positively correlated with topographic roughness as reported previously. It is found that the diffusivity also correlates with wind power injected through the surface at near‐inertial frequencies 10–80 days before the observations. These correlations were used to interpolate the observation‐based turbulence quantities to the entire Indian Ocean. Although the dissipation averaged along selected neutral‐density surfaces is less than the dissipation needed to explain the meridional overturning circulation evaluated across 32°S latitude, this may be explained by effects not captured by the ship‐based observations and parameterization. These effects likely include unobserved high‐mixing events, near bottom processes (e.g., hydraulic jumps), and deep equatorial jets.
Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice
Authors: Gan Changjiao , Luo Wenbo , Yu Yunzhou , Jiao Zhouguang , Li Sha , Su Duo , Feng Junxia , Zhao Xiaodong , Qiu Yefeng , Hu Lingfei , Zhou Dongsheng , Xiong Xiaolu , Wang Jinglin , Yang Huiying
Published: June 2021

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, is generally known to be the most poisonous of all biological toxins. In this study, we evaluate the protection conferred by intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation immunization with recombinant Hc subunit (AHc) vaccines against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication. Three AHc vaccine formulations, i.e., conventional liquid, dry powder produced by spray freeze drying, and AHc dry powder reconstituted in water are prepared, and mice are immunized via i.t. inoculation or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Compared with s.c.-AHc-immunized mice, i.t.-AHc-immunized mice exhibit a slightly stronger protection against a challenge with 30,000× LD50 aerosolized BoNT/A. Of note, only i.t.-AHc induces a significantly higher level of toxin-neutralizing mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the bronchoalveolar lavage of mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the three formulations of AHc is comparable, while i.t. immunization of AHc is superior to s.c. immunization against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication.
Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018
Authors: Berthet Nicolas , Descorps-Declère Stéphane , Besombes Camille , Curaudeau Manon , Nkili Meyong Andriniaina Andy , Selekon Benjamin , Labouba Ingrid , Gonofio Ella Cyrielle , Ouilibona Rita Sem , Simo Tchetgna Huguette Dorine , Feher Maxence , Fontanet Arnaud , Kazanji Mirdad , Manuguerra Jean-Claude , Hassanin Alexandre , Gessain Antoine , Nakoune Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease, which has a clinical presentation similar to smallpox. In the two past decades, Central Africa has seen an increase in the frequency of cases, with many monkeypox virus (MPXV) isolates detected in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). To date, no complete MPXV viral genome has been published from the human cases identified in the CAR. The objective of this study was to sequence the full genome of 10 MPXV isolates collected during the CAR epidemics between 2001 and 2018 in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships among MPXV lineages previously described in Central Africa and West Africa. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the 10 CAR isolates belong to three lineages closely related to those found in DRC. The phylogenetic pattern shows that all of them emerged in the rainforest block of the Congo Basin. Since most human index cases in CAR occurred at the northern edge of western and eastern rainforests, transmissions from wild animals living in the rainforest is the most probable hypothesis. In addition, molecular dating estimates suggest that periods of intense political instability resulting in population movements within the country often associated also with increased poverty may have led to more frequent contact with host wild animals. The CAR socio-economic situation, armed conflicts and ecological disturbances will likely incite populations to interact more and more with wild animals and thus increase the risk of zoonotic spillover.
Enrichment of low abundance DNA/RNA by oligonucleotide-clicked iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Damavandi Fereshte , Wang Weiwei , Shen Wei-Zheng , Cetinel Sibel , Jordan Tracy , Jovel Juan , Montemagno Carlo , Wong Gane Ka-Shu
Published: June 2021

Detection of low abundance target DNA/RNA for clinical or research purposes is challenging because the target sequences can be hidden under a large background of human genomic or non-human metagenomic sequences. We describe a probe-based capture method to enrich for target sequences with DNA-clicked iron oxide nanoparticles. Our method was tested against commercial capture assays using streptavidin beads, on a set of probes derived from a common genotype of the hepatitis C virus. We showed that our method is more specific and sensitive, most likely due to the combination of an inert silica coating and a high density of DNA probes clicked to the nanoparticles. This facilitates target capture below the limits of detection for TaqMan qPCR, and we believe that this method has the potential to transform management of infectious diseases.
A new combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in cancer cells by using nanoparticles as biocompatible drug delivery carriers
Authors: Kucuksayan Ertan , Bozkurt Fatih , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Sircan-Kucuksayan Aslinur , Hanikoglu Aysegul , Ozben Tomris
Published: June 2021

Some experimental and clinical studies have been conducted for the usage of chemotherapeutic drugs encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs). However, no study has been conducted so far on the co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs as biocompatible drug delivery carriers. Therefore, we investigated if co-encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and/or epoxomicin (Epo) into NPs enhance their anticancer efficiency and prevent drug resistance and toxicity to normal cells. We synthesized Dox and/or Epo loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized them in terms of their particle size and stability, surface, molecular, thermal, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release properties. We studied the effects of drug encapsulated NPs on cellular accumulation, intracellular drug levels, oxidative stress status, cellular viability, drug resistance, 20S proteasome activity, cytosolic Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB-p65), and apoptosis in breast cancer and normal cells. Our results proved that the nanoparticles we synthesized were thermally stable possessing higher encapsulation efficiency and particle stability. Thermal, morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated the presence of Dox and/or Epo within NPs, indicating that they were successfully loaded. Cell line assays proved that Dox and Epo loaded NPs were less cytotoxic to single-layer normal HUVECs than free Dox and Epo, suggesting that the NPs would be biocompatible drug delivery carriers. The apoptotic index of free Dox and Epo increased 50% through their encapsulation into NPs, proving combination strategy to enhance apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the co-encapsulation of Dox and Epo within NPs would be a promising treatment strategy to overcome multidrug resistance and toxicity to normal tissues that can be studied in further in vivo and clinical studies in breast cancer.
Surface nitridation of Li4Ti5O12 by thermal decomposition of urea to improve quick charging capability of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jang Jihyun , Kim Tae Hun , Ryu Ji Heon
Published: June 2021

As the application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles increases, the demand for improved charging characteristics of batteries is also increasing. Lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) is a negative electrode material with high rate characteristics, but further improvement in rate characteristics is needed for achieving the quick-charging performance required by electric vehicle markets. In this study, the surface of LTO was coated with a titanium nitride (TiN) layer using urea and an autogenic reactor, and electrochemical performance was improved (initial Coulombic efficiency and the rate capability were improved from 95.6 to 4.4% for pristine LTO to 98.5% and 53.3% for urea-assisted TiN-coated LTO, respectively. We developed a process for commercial production of surface coatings using eco-friendly material to further enhance the charging performance of LTO owing to high electronic conductivity of TiN.
Open-label placebo treatment to improve relaxation training effects in healthy psychology students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schienle Anne , Unger Isabella
Published: June 2021

Placebos, that are administered with deception, can reduce stress and increase relaxation. The present study investigated an open-label placebo (OLP) to improve the effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) training. A total of 160 psychology students were randomly assigned to a 14-day PMR course with or without daily OLP treatment. The placebo was administered along with an explanation of placebo effects and the verbal suggestion that the OLP activates the body’s natural relaxation response. The relaxation instructions for home practice were delivered via a smartphone app, which was also used for the evaluation of the exercises. The participants of the OLP group completed more PMR exercises (M = 9.75) than the group without a placebo (M = 8.15). The two groups did not differ in reported exercise-related changes in relaxation level. On average, the OLP group rated the effects of the placebo as very low and was characterized by a higher drop-out rate compared to the group without OLP. Some participants experienced the OLP as negative. In conclusion, factors that influence the acceptance of OLP treatment require further investigation.
Comprehensive molecular profiling of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma
Authors: Nagano Masaaki , Kohsaka Shinji , Hayashi Takuo , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Morita Shigeki , Tsuda Masumi , Tanaka Shinya , Shinohara Toshiya , Omori Yuko , Sugaya Fumiko , Kato Hiroaki , Narita Yoshiaki , Nakajima Jun , Suzuki Kenji , Takamochi Kazuya , Mano Hiroyuki
Published: June 2021

Information regarding the molecular features of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is insufficient. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing to determine the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of PPC. We sequenced the DNAs and RNAs of 78 specimens from 52 patients with PPC. We analyzed 15 PPC cases to identify intratumoral differences in gene alterations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), RNA expression, and PD-L1 expression between epithelial and sarcomatoid components. The genomic alterations of six cases of primary tumors and corresponding metastatic tumors were analyzed. KRAS mutations (27%) were the most common driver mutations, followed by EGFR (8%), and MET (8%) mutations. Epithelial and sarcomatoid components shared activating driver mutations, and there were no significant differences in CD274 expression or TMB between the two components. However, PD-L1 was highly expressed in the sarcomatoid component of several cases compared with the epithelial component. Primary and metastatic tumors shared oncogenic mutations among genes such as KRAS and TP53, and additional alterations including NOTCH4 mutations were specifically identified in the metastatic regions. Our data suggest that therapies targeting activating driver mutations may be effective for patients with PPC and that immune checkpoint inhibitors of PPC may be recommended after careful assessment of PD-L1 expression in each epithelial and sarcomatoid component.
The γ-tubulin meshwork assists in the recruitment of PCNA to chromatin in mammalian cells
Authors: Corvaisier Matthieu , Zhou Jingkai , Malycheva Darina , Cornella Nicola , Chioureas Dimitrios , Gustafsson Nina M. S. , Rosselló Catalina Ana , Ayora Silvia , Li Tongbin , Ekström-Holka Kristina , Jirström Karin , Lindström Lisa , Alvarado-Kristensson Maria
Published: June 2021

Changes in the location of γ-tubulin ensure cell survival and preserve genome integrity. We investigated whether the nuclear accumulation of γ-tubulin facilitates the transport of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) between the cytosolic and the nuclear compartment in mammalian cells. We found that the γ-tubulin meshwork assists in the recruitment of PCNA to chromatin. Also, decreased levels of γ-tubulin reduce the nuclear pool of PCNA. In addition, the γ-tubulin C terminus encodes a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) motif, and a γ-tubulin–PIP-mutant affects the nuclear accumulation of PCNA. In a cell-free system, PCNA and γ-tubulin formed a complex. In tumors, there is a significant positive correlation between TUBG1 and PCNA expression. Thus, we report a novel mechanism that constitutes the basis for tumor growth by which the γ-tubulin meshwork maintains indefinite proliferation by acting as an opportune scaffold for the transport of PCNA from the cytosol to the chromatin.
The transverse occipital sulcus and intraparietal sulcus show neural selectivity to object-scene size relationships
Authors: Welbourne Lauren E. , Jonnalagadda Aditya , Giesbrecht Barry , Eckstein Miguel P.
Published: June 2021

To optimize visual search, humans attend to objects with the expected size of the sought target relative to its surrounding scene (object-scene scale consistency). We investigate how the human brain responds to variations in object-scene scale consistency. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging and a voxel-wise feature encoding model to estimate tuning to different object/scene properties. We find that regions involved in scene processing (transverse occipital sulcus) and spatial attention (intraparietal sulcus) have the strongest responsiveness and selectivity to object-scene scale consistency: reduced activity to mis-scaled objects (either unusually smaller or larger). The findings show how and where the brain incorporates object-scene size relationships in the processing of scenes. The response properties of these brain areas might explain why during visual search humans often miss objects that are salient but at atypical sizes relative to the surrounding scene.
Quantum entangled fractional topology and curvatures
Authors: Hutchinson Joel , Le Hur Karyn
Published: June 2021

Topological spaces have numerous applications for quantum matter with protected chiral edge modes related to an integer-valued Chern number, which also characterizes the global response of a spin-1/2 particle to a magnetic field. Such spin-1/2 models can also describe topological Bloch bands in lattice Hamiltonians. Here we introduce interactions in a system of spin-1/2s to reveal a class of topological states with rational-valued Chern numbers for each spin providing a geometrical and physical interpretation related to curvatures and quantum entanglement. We study a driving protocol in time to reveal the stability of the fractional topological numbers towards various forms of interactions in the adiabatic limit. We elucidate a correspondence of a one-half topological spin response in bilayer semimetals on a honeycomb lattice with a nodal ring at one Dirac point and a robust π Berry phase at the other Dirac point.
Full-visible-spectrum lighting realized by a novel Eu2+-doped nitride-based cyan-emitting phosphor
Authors: Zhang Weibin , Li Yongwang , Ye ShanShan , Zhou Jiangcong , Wu Dewu , Shi Chen , Chen Mengting , Ding Jianyan , Wu Quansheng
Published: June 2021

Cyan phosphor of Ca2BN2Cl:Eu2+ is used to realize full spectrum lighting.
Two complementary approaches for the synthesis and isolation of stable phosphanylphosphaalkenes
Authors: Ziółkowska Aleksandra , Szynkiewicz Natalia , Ponikiewski Łukasz
Published: June 2021

A new series of compounds formed in a one-step  reaction (Phospha–Wittig  or phospha–Peterson), containing the CP–P moiety was synthesized and characterized. These species are stable under atmospheric conditions and are resistant to hydrolysis.
UV cross-linked smart microgel membranes as free-standing diffusion barriers and nanoparticle bearing catalytic films
Authors: Dirksen Maxim , Brändel Timo , Großkopf Sören , Knust Sebastian , Bookhold Johannes , Anselmetti Dario , Hellweg Thomas
Published: June 2021

Cross-linkable microgels are synthesized by copolymerization of NIPAM with 2-hydroxy-4-(methacryloyloxy)–benzophenone (HMABP) and are subsequently UV-cross-linked to obtain smart membranes exhibiting switchable resistance.
Self-assemblies of pluronic micelles in partitioning of anticancer drugs and effectiveness of this system towards target protein
Authors: Prasanthan Pooja , Kishore Nand
Published: June 2021

Micelles formed by pluronic triblock copolymers are known to be a promising class of drug delivery vehicles.
Iridium-catalyzed regioselective C–H sulfonamidation of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with sulfonyl azides in water
Authors: Cao Xian-Ting , Wei Su-Ning , Sun Hao-Tian , Li Meng , Zheng Zuo-Ling , Wang Guannan
Published: June 2021

We have developed a regioselective C–N cross-coupling of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with sulfonyl azides through iridium catalysis in water.
A low-valent cobalt oxide co-catalyst to boost photocatalytic water oxidation via enhanced hole-capturing ability
Authors: Xiao Shi Yang , Liu Yuanwei , Wu Xue Feng , Gan Li Ting , Lin Hao Yang , Zheng Li Rong , Dai Sheng , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui
Published: June 2021

Ultrafine and well-dispersed CoOx co-catalysts with a dominating ratio of Co2+ provide more attractive sites as well as stronger attraction forces for photogenerated holes, which can greatly enhance photocatalytic water oxidation efficiency.
Evaluation of Parent–Researcher Agreement on the Vocal Development Landmarks Interview
Authors: Thomas Anne E. , Ambrose Sophie E. , Marvin Christine A. , Oleson Jacob , Moeller Mary Pat
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Parent report was compared to judgments made by a trained researcher to determine the utility of the Vocal Development Landmarks Interview (VDLI) for monitoring development of vocal behaviors in very young children.

Method

Parents of 40 typically developing children, ages 6–21 months, provided full-day naturalistic audio recordings of their children's vocalizations after completing the VDLI. Six 5-min segments of highly voluble periods were selected from each recording and were analyzed, coded, and scored by the researcher. These data were then compared to the parents' VDLI responses. Parent–researcher agreement was examined using two methods and a generalized linear mixed model. Patterns of disagreement were explored descriptively to gain insights regarding potential sources of parent–researcher differences. Finally, developmental patterns in the researcher-observed vocal behaviors were examined as a function of children's age.

Results

No significant differences in parent–researcher agreement were found for the Canonical and Word subscales of the VDLI; however, significant differences in agreement were found for the Precanonical subscale. Mean percentages of agreement were high overall for both scoring methods evaluated. Additionally, the researcher's categorization and quantification of vocal behaviors for each age group aligned well with developmental trajectories found in the literature.

Conclusion

Results provide further support for use of parent report to assess early vocal development and use of the VDLI as a clinical measure of vocal development in infants and toddlers ages 6–21 months.
Performance of a plate‐wave energy converter integrated in a floating breakwater
Authors: Zheng Siming , Meylan Mike , Zhang Xiantao , Iglesias Gregorio , Greaves Deborah
Published: June 2021

A plate‐wave energy converter (pWEC) moored in front of a floating stationary breakwater is considered. The pWEC is composed of a submerged flexible plate with piezoelectric layers bonded to both faces of it. Hence the elastic motion of the plate excited by water waves can be transformed into useful electricity due to the piezoelectric effect. To evaluate the performance of the breakwater‐attached pWEC in terms of wave power absorption and wave attenuation, a hydroelastic model based on linear potential flow theory and the eigenfunction matching method is developed with the electromechanical and the hydrodynamic problems of the pWEC coupled together. The pWEC can be either simply supported or clamped at the edge. A multi‐parameter analysis is carried out with the employment of the present model. Effects of the width, submergence and edge types of the plate, together with the scales of the breakwater, including its width and draft, on wave power absorption and wave attenuation, are examined. As the pWEC moves towards a deeper position, the main peaks of the frequency response of the wave power absorption efficiency become lower and narrower. In contrast, its effect on wave attenuation is limited.
The weak lensing radial acceleration relation: Constraining modified gravity and cold dark matter theories with KiDS-1000
Authors: Brouwer Margot M. , Oman Kyle A. , Valentijn Edwin A. , Bilicki Maciej , Heymans Catherine , Hoekstra Henk , Napolitano Nicola R. , Roy Nivya , Tortora Crescenzo , Wright Angus H. , Asgari Marika , van den Busch Jan Luca , Dvornik Andrej , Erben Thomas , Giblin Benjamin , Graham Alister W. , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hopkins Andrew M. , Kannawadi Arun , Kuijken Konrad , Liske Jochen , Shan HuanYuan , Tröster Tilman , Verlinde Erik , Visser Manus
Published: June 2021

We present measurements of the radial gravitational acceleration around isolated galaxies, comparing the expected gravitational acceleration given the baryonic matter (gbar) with the observed gravitational acceleration (gobs), using weak lensing measurements from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000). These measurements extend the radial acceleration relation (RAR), traditionally measured using galaxy rotation curves, by 2 decades in gobs into the low-acceleration regime beyond the outskirts of the observable galaxy. We compare our RAR measurements to the predictions of two modified gravity (MG) theories: modified Newtonian dynamics and Verlinde’s emergent gravity (EG). We find that the measured relation between gobs and gbar agrees well with the MG predictions. In addition, we find a difference of at least 6σ between the RARs of early- and late-type galaxies (split by Sérsic index and u − r colour) with the same stellar mass. Current MG theories involve a gravity modification that is independent of other galaxy properties, which would be unable to explain this behaviour, although the EG theory is still limited to spherically symmetric static mass models. The difference might be explained if only the early-type galaxies have significant (Mgas ≈ M⋆) circumgalactic gaseous haloes. The observed behaviour is also expected in Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) models where the galaxy-to-halo mass relation depends on the galaxy formation history. We find that MICE, a ΛCDM simulation with hybrid halo occupation distribution modelling and abundance matching, reproduces the observed RAR but significantly differs from BAHAMAS, a hydrodynamical cosmological galaxy formation simulation. Our results are sensitive to the amount of circumgalactic gas; current observational constraints indicate that the resulting corrections are likely moderate. Measurements of the lensing RAR with future cosmological surveys (such as Euclid) will be able to further distinguish between MG and ΛCDM models if systematic uncertainties in the baryonic mass distribution around galaxies are reduced.
Proper motions of spectrally selected structures in the HH 83 outflow
Authors: Movsessian T. A. , Magakian T. Yu. , Moiseev A. V.
Published: June 2021

Context. We continue our program of investigation of the proper motions of spectrally separated structures in the Herbig–Haro outflows with the aid of Fabry–Perot scanning interferometry. This work mainly focuses on the physical nature of various structures in the jets.

Aims. The aim of the present study is to measure the proper motions of the previously discovered kinematically separated structures in the working surface of the HH 83 collimated outflow.

Methods. We used observations from two epochs separated by 15 yr, which were performed on the 6 m telescope with Fabry–Perot scanning interferometer. We obtained images corresponding to different radial velocities for the two separate epochs, and used them to measure proper motions.

Results. In the course of our data analysis, we discovered a counter bow-shock of HH 83 flow with positive radial velocity, which makes this flow a relatively symmetric bipolar system. The second epoch observations confirm that the working surface of the flow is split into two structures with an exceptionally large (250 km s−1) difference in radial velocity. The proper motions of these structures are almost equal, which suggests that they are physically connected. The asymmetry of the bow shock and the turning of proper motion vectors suggests a collision between the outflow and a dense cloud. The profile of the Hα line for the directly invisible infrared source HH 83 IRS, obtained by integration of the data within the reflection nebula, suggests it to be of P Cyg type with a broad absorption component characteristic of the FU Ori-like objects. If this object underwent an FU Ori type outburst, which created the HH 83 working surfaces, its eruption took place about 1500 years ago according to the kinematical age of the outflow.
Mathematical modeling and methods of recognition of plant objects
Authors: Mayatskaya Irina
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study – to show the basic model plant objects that are based on different branches of mathematics methods: analytical geometry, surface theory, graph theory and fractal geometry, as well as methods for recognizing these objects these objects. The development of mathematical methods and computer technologies brings mathematical modeling of complex objects and processes in which they participate to a new level.
Introduced tree and shrub species for sustainable landscape compositions in the urban conditions
Authors: Ozherelieva Zoya , Emelianova Olga , Firsov Andrey
Published: June 2021

Low temperature is оne оf the mоst significаnt limiting factоrs determining the distribution of tree species. Evaluation of the degree of freezing of tree and shrub species is of great importance for decorative gardening. Plants freeze a lot not only in harsh winters, but also during prolonged thaws with a subsequent drop in temperature, which negatively affects their ornamentation. In this regard, one of the main ways to preserve the ornamental and plant biodiversity of city parks in a temperate continental climate is to replenish existing plantings with frost-resistant tree species. It is the first study of the frost resistance of introduced trees and shrubs, which was made to isolate species adapted to the winter conditions of the temperate continental climate to form stable landscape compositions in urban parks. Based on the results of artificial freezing, species of woody plants with high frost resistance were selected: Betula kelleriana, Betula raddeana, Staphylea pinnata, Cotinus Coggygria and Pinus pallasiana. The above species of wood are recommended for sustainable landscape design in the city.
The effect of cultivation technologies on grain and pasta quality of the winter durum wheat varieties
Authors: Likhovidova Valentina , Kravchenko Nina
Published: June 2021

The current paper has considered the effect of cultivation technologies of winter durum wheat varieties on their quality indicators through the years with varied weather conditions. The study was carried out in 2015-2019, in the conditions of laboratory and field trials. There have been studied such traits as nature weight, kernel hardness, protein percentage and gluten content of three zoned winter durum wheat varieties sown in weedfree fallow. There has been identified a proportion of the factors’ effect on quality indicators. In the curent study there was a range of mean values according to a variety, a year, a cultivation technology. Through the years of study, all variants of technologies contributed to larger grain nature weight, from 768 g/l in the variety ‘Donchanka’ to 792 g/l in the variety ‘Oniks’. The largest nature weight in the trials was established when using an intensive cultivation technology. Through different years of study, the highest protein percentage in grain was identified in 2016, it was 13.57-17.08%. Through three years, the largest gluten content in grain (30.06%) was identified in the variety ‘Oniks’ when using an intensive cultivation technology. The general assessment of pasta was 4-4.5 points.
The effectiveness of the use of a biologically active additive ekobentokorm in the diets of cattle
Authors: Zelenkova Galina , Tresnitskii Sergei , Bykadorov Pavel , Pecinovsky Anna , Yenin Aleksandr , Zelenkov Alexey
Published: June 2021

Studies have established the effect of ekobentokorm (TU 9283-199-10514645-13-2013) on the metabolism of cows and the natural resistance of young black-and-white breed. The physiological state of cows was assessed by morphological and biochemical studies of blood, in which changes in the body’s metabolic processes were tracked in dynamics according to the following indicators: the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level, total protein and protein fractions, glucose, urea, aminotransferases (AST, ALT), total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, trace elements (Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu) and carotene. The indicators characterizing the natural resistance of young animals were studied: red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, color index, total protein and protein fractions, phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, the content and concentration of T-and B-lymphocytes, the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC). As a result of the conducted research, it was found that ekobentokorm has high biological activity, improves morphological and biochemical parameters of cows blood, and also increases milk productivity. It has a pronounced stimulating effect on the immunocompetent systems of the body of young animals, as a result of which the level of non-specific protection of the animal increases.
Efficiency of feed use by broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross when feeding a probiotic preparation
Authors: Koschayev Ivan , Mezinova Christina , Sorokina Nadezhda , Ryadinskaya Antonina , Ordina Natalia , Chuyev Sergey
Published: June 2021

One of the methods of combating unwanted microflora is the use of antibiotics, however, along with positive properties, they have a number of significant disadvantages, in particular, the detrimental effect of both pathogenic and beneficial intestinal microflora. In this regard, there is an urgent need to replace antibiotics with safer substances, which increasingly include probiotics. The mechanism of action of probiotics is to selectively affect pathogenic microflora, without harming the beneficial one. In the course of the study, it was found that low-protein diets (low in protein, but balanced in amino acid profile) allow unlocking the potential of probiotic cultures of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain and, as a result, reduce feed conversion by 0.08 kg/kg.
Dynamics of glutathione reductase activity in rat liver tissues during cryodestruction of the right atrium
Authors: Pavlova Olga , Gulenko Olga , Krupin Konstantin , Boriskin Pavel , Leonov Victor
Published: June 2021

The metabolic processes of the human body are based on multiple redox reactions and oxidative stress occurs when homeostasis is imbalanced. Antioxidant system of the body is represented by such enzymes as catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxidismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Objective: to study the dynamics of glutathione reductase activity in rat liver tissues after cryodestruction of right atrial myocardium to initiate oxidative stress. Materials and methods: 420 male rats were used. The rats were divided into two groups - intact and experimental, 210 animals in each. To initiate oxidative stress, the experimental group rats underwent cryodestruction of the right atrium. The activity of glutathione reductase in the liver tissue was determined by accumulation of oxidized glutathione before the experiment, as well as on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of the experiment. Conclusions: oxidative stress arising after cryodestruction of the right atrium up to the 7th day of the experiment provokes a decrease in the glutathione reductase activity in the rat liver tissue, but the start of reparative processes helps to restore the disturbed redox equilibrium in the body and normalize the enzyme level.
Comparative characteristics of meat productivity of holstein and black-and-white breeds
Authors: Tuzov Ivan , Zabashta Nikolay , Kuleshova Elena , Golovan Valentin , Sinelshchikova Irina
Published: June 2021

It was assumed that the industry of beef cattle breeding being created in the Krasnodar Territory would meet the needs of the population in beef. Due to the fact that there are not enough beef cattle, dairy bulls are raised and fattened. Positive results are obtained in the case when, along with an increase in the number of the fattened livestock of animals, their intensive rearing and feeding is introduced. In our studies, with intensive rearing and fattening of the Holstein and Black-and-White bull calves, for the entire 14-month period of growing and fattening, average daily gains were obtained at the level of 1200 g, and the gross weight gain was more than 500 kg. According to the results of the slaughter of experimental bulls at the age of 14 months, we found that the Holstein bulls reliably exceeded the black-and-white bulls of the same age in all the studied parameters.
Fat urological syndrome: incidence, nosological structure
Authors: Kartashov Sergey , Butenkov Aleksandr , Kartashova Evgenia , Bekker Olga
Published: June 2021

This article describes the results of a study of 128 cats with urological syndrome. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of this syndrome, its nosological structure, analysis of clinical signs, as well as laboratory data characteristic of this syndrome. The data were obtained from the patients of the clinical branches of the DSTU, Rostov-on-Don, the patients had not been treated anywhere before and were first seen with urological syndrome of cats. A medical history was compiled for all cats, a clinical examination was carried out, and blood and urine were collected for analysis. As a result of the studies, it was revealed that as part of the urological syndrome, idiopathic cystitis of cats occurred in 65% of cases, urinary tract infections in 14% of cats, obstruction of the urethra caused by urethral plugs was observed in 68%, urolithiasis in 28%, and only in In 0.7% of cats, proliferative changes in the urethral tract were noted. In 79% of cats with urological syndrome, it was accompanied by urethral obstruction with different mechanisms of occurrence.
Principles for legal regulation of relations of aquaculture (fish farming)
Authors: Kudaeva Anna , Zyablitseva Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the topic «Principles for legal regulation of relations in the field of aquaculture (fish farming). The normative-legal basis of legal regulation of relations in the field of aquaculture (fish farming) is investigated. The management and support of legal regulation of relations in the field of aquaculture (fish farming) is relevant since 1970 in the production of aquaculture products is observed only growth, indicating the importance of the agricultural sector within countries and on a global scale. Currently, aquaculture is considered not only as an activity that meets the needs of food producers, but also as a means of economic growth and achieving a variety of social and environmental goals. Awareness of the need for accelerated development of aquaculture leads to the adoption of appropriate laws and strategies to regulate its activities. This branch of agricultural production developed gradually by experience, taking into account traditions, mistakes made and through joint activities. Aquaculture has grown and integrated into the natural, social, economic and cultural environment. The sector is growing at an unprecedented rate and currently supplies more than half of the world’s fish for human consumption.
Processing waste from logging and woodworking enterprises into a non-conventional reclamation substrate using environmentally friendly technologies
Authors: Galdina Tatyana , Kulakov Anatoliy , Rantsev-Kartinov Valentin
Published: June 2021

The article contains information about a newly developed technology for processing waste from logging and woodworking enterprises. The developers have proposed an environmentally friendly technology for processing organic waste into a product that has a strong land-reclamation effect and increases the natural potential of soils. The technology proposed by the authors is based on the unique technical capabilities of a developed machine - a highly efficient mill that grinds the waste into nano-sized fineness, and a highly efficient mixer that makes it possible to obtain homogeneous mixtures of various materials and different fineness. The unconventional substrate obtained from this method, due to the scientifically grounded composition and ratios of the composite components of organic waste, has effective land-reclamation properties that increase the soil potential, and restores the fertility of the humus horizon. The use of an unconventional land-reclamation substrate in nurseries increased the survival rate and growth rates of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings both in the open field and in greenhouses. Thus, the machine proposed by the authors in a single technological operation allows for the processing of waste from the logging and woodworking enterprises and ultimately to obtain a product that helps to increase the soil potential of degraded lands.
Circuitry solution for smart watches using a stationary power supply
Authors: Grishin Aleksey , Alibutaev Alexandr
Published: June 2021

Overwork and mistakes in organizational management are the main reasons why people experience stress and fatigue in the workplace. These problems entail reduced employee productivity and additional costs for organizations. It is difficult for a person to recognize mental overwork or burnout in the early stages, primarily because of the subjectivity of his feelings. One way to diagnose mental health problems is to analyze physiological indicators such as temperature, pulse, and electrical activity of the skin. It is possible to track these indicators using a wearable watch. However, a large number of sensors may not fit into the watch form factor. The aim of the work is to create a smart watch circuit with a power supply and sensors wired on the board. The designed solution, due to the versatility of the topological equipment of the boards is the least energy-consuming, since the components of the power supply and the control circuits make up an open-frame design. This allowed them to be located in the most favorable position and to use galvanic isolation in the primary and secondary power supply circuits without affecting the auxiliary control circuit of the sensors.
An innovative approach to the elimination of combustion foci at MSW landfills (on the example of the Rostov region)
Authors: Denisov Oleg , Andreeva Elena
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the search for an innovative approach to the elimination of combustion foci at solid municipal waste landfills. In connection with the increase in the number of solid municipal waste landfills near settlements, a number of geoecological problems are increasing. One of the most complex geoecological problems arising in connection with the operation of solid municipal waste landfills is the problem of the genesis and development of surface fires in the layer of household waste. At the same time, concern is caused not only by the actual dangerous factors of the spread of fire, but also by the subsequent significant pollution of the surface layer with air by combustion products, including those of a carcinogenic or mutagenic nature. To achieve this goal, the article describes an innovative approach to eliminating combustion foci at solid municipal waste landfills: an innovative device developed by the authors of the study - a mechanical fire hydrant for wetting burning deep layers of consumption waste with a fire-extinguishing liquid.
Physicochemical technology of pretreatment of dairy waste water using natural waste
Authors: Smolyanichenko Alla
Published: June 2021

The growth in the production of dairy products entails the problem of treating wastewater from the operation of dairy plants. This article discusses the possibility of using a purification technological scheme using sorbents from natural waste, which is an alternative to the traditional one, which includes a biological stage. In this study, activated biochar from rice husks and graphite are used as sorbents. As a result of purification according to the proposed scheme, the quality of the treated water corresponds to the normative indicators when discharged into the city sewage network.
Electrodeposition kinetics and surface morphology of Ni-B-UDD composite coating
Authors: Degtyar Liudmila , Zhukova Irina , Kuts Anastasia
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of kinetic investigates of electrodeposition of a composite electrochemical coating based on a nickel-boron alloy. Current efficiency, polarization potentiodynamic researches had shown the joint participation in the electrodeposition process of finely dispersed compounds of nickel hydroxides, poorly soluble nickel and boron compounds present in the electrolyte or formed during electrolysis, and ultradispersed diamond introduced into the electrolyte. Comparison of 2D and 3D scans of the surfaces of the formed coatings confirmed the leveling effect of additives, as well as sparingly soluble nickel and boron compounds on the structure of coatings. The proposed composite electrochemical coatings can be used instead of chrome coatings when restoring parts and units of agricultural machinery.
Dynamics of the structural state and enzymatic activity of calcic chernozem under the influence of biologically active drugs
Authors: Dubinina Marina , Bezuglova Olga , Lychman Vladimir , Naimi Olga , Polienko Elena
Published: June 2021

The results of many years of research on the individual and complex effects of biologically active substances on the structural state and enzymatic activity calcic chernozem – humic preparation Lignohumate and microbiological fertilizer “Baikal-EM” – are presented. It was found that biologically active substances contribute to an increase in enzymatic activity, humus content and an improvement in the state of the soil structure. When both preparations are applied directly to the soil, the maximum effect and statistical reliability of this effect on the structural characteristics of the soil are shown even under extremely unfavorable weather conditions. At the same time, the structural coefficient during the study period increases from 1.5 to 2-2.7 in comparison with the background variant, which makes it possible to assess the structural state of the soils as “excellent”. In general, the activity of enzymes during the research in the cultivation of winter crops tended to stable growth. The cessation of the application of liquid complex fertilizers and the transition to a spring crop led to a decrease in the activity of enzymes and their return to background values.