bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of gem‐Difluoromethylenated Bicyclo[m.n.0]alkan‐1‐ols and Their Ring Expansion to gem‐Difluoromethylenated Macrocyclic Lactones.
Authors: Punirun Teerachai , Peewasan Krisana , Kuhakarn Chutima , Soorukram Darunee , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Reutrakul Vichai , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Prabpai Samran , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: July 2012

Fluoride‐catalyzed stereoselective nucleophilic addition of silane (II) to cyclic ketones gives cis‐isomers (IV) as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynes with Alkenyl Halides.
Authors: Lin Yun‐Yung , Wang Yu‐Jen , Cheng Jun‐Hao , Lee Chin‐Fa
Published: July 2012

The system CuI/Xantphos efficiently catalyzes the process to afford a broad spectrum of synthetically important enyne components.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Triflate‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Zhiya , Plancq Baptiste , Ollevier Thierry
Published: July 2012

Asymmetric allylation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes with allyltributylstannane is smoothly achieved using a chiral Bi(III)—ProPhenol complex.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis of α‐Cyano Chalcones.
Authors: Deshpande Shyam J. , Leger Paul R. , Sieck Stephen R.
Published: July 2012

Knoevenagel condensation between benzoylacetonitriles and aromatic aldehydes affords colored α‐cyano chalcones.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Method for the Preparation of 1,1‐Dimethyl‐3‐arylureas Using Chlorocarbonylsulfenyl Chloride.
Authors: Adeppa K. , Rupainwar D. C. , Misra Krishna
Published: July 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Carbonyl Complex Containing Bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether Enhancing Efficiency in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Borah Malabika , Bhattacharyya Pradip K. , Das Pankaj
Published: July 2012

The combination of a new iron carbonyl complex and PdCl2 catalyzes the cross‐coupling of various aryl bromides with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Palladium(II) Complexes with P,N Schiff‐Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Catalysts.
Authors: Mahamo Tebello , Mogorosi Mokgolela M. , Moss John R. , Mapolie Selwyn F. , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop , Smith Gregory S.
Published: July 2012

Palladium(II) complexes with P,N‐bidentate Schiff base ligands are prepared and tested in Suzuki—Miyaura cross coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of (Z)‐Trisubstituted Olefins from Arylalkynes and Their Cyclization into 4‐Aryl‐2H‐chromenes.
Authors: Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Treguier Bret , Provot Olivier , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad
Published: July 2012

The one‐pot, three‐step synthesis of the (Z)‐trisubstituted olefins (IV) and (VII) involves alkyne hydration, in situ N‐tosylhydrazone formation, and Pd‐catalyzed coupling with an aryl halide.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Multisubstituted Cyanocyclopropanes by the Intramolecular SN2 Alkylation and 1,3‐CC Insertion Reaction of Magnesium Carbenoids as the Key Reactions.
Authors: Saitoh Hideki , Watanabe Tatsuya , Kimura Tsutomu , Kato Yuichi , Satoh Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2012

The reaction of the compound (Ia) with other electrophiles instead of compound (IX) such as ketones, aldehydes, ethyl chloroformate gives complex mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Addition of Thioacetic Acid to Nitroalkenes via N‐Sulfinyl Urea Catalysis.
Authors: Kimmel Kyle L. , Robak MaryAnn T. , Thomas Stephen , Lee Melissa , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: July 2012

The sulfinyl group in catalyst NSU is essential to attain high enantioselectivity in the thioacetic acid addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Functionalized Indene Derivatives via Pt‐Catalyzed Rautenstrauch Reaction of Propargyl Carbonates.
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Clark Daniel A.
Published: July 2012

Treatment of propargyl carbonates of type (I) and (V) with PtCl4 allows an efficient access to 1,2‐substituted 1H‐indenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Heteroarylation of Tautomerizable Heterocycles into Unsymmetrical and Symmetrical and Biheterocycles via Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Phosphonium Coupling.
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Vachhani Dipak , Van der Eycken Erik
Published: July 2012

The preparation of the heterocyclic title systems is highly efficient following the conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetramethylguanidinium Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst Solvent for the Convergent Synthesis of Fused Spiro[1,4‐dihydropyridine‐oxindole] Compounds.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Youseftabar‐Miri Leila
Published: July 2012

The three‐component reaction between isatin derivatives (I) or (VII), indenedione (II), and naphthaleneamines (III) or (VIII) under catalysis of a Broensted acid—base ionic liquid affords the title compounds (IV) and (IX), resp., as sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Heterodimerization of Ketenes.
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad A. , Nalla Divya , Van Raaphorst Maxwell , Kerrigan Nessan J.
Published: July 2012

The heterodimerization is based on the slow addition of a relatively reactive donor ketene, prepared in situ from an acyl chloride precursor, to a mixture of a relatively unreactive acceptor ketene, Huenig′s base and an alkaloid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminofurans and 2‐Unsubstituted Furans via Carbenoid‐Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Jiang Yaojia , Khong Vanessa Zhong Yue , Lourdusamy Emmanuvel , Park Cheol‐Min
Published: July 2012

The cycloaddition of diazo compounds (I) with enamines (II) followed by oxidation of intermediate 2‐amino‐2,3‐dihydrofurans leads to 2‐aminofurans (III), whilst the treatment of intermediates with TosOH gives rise to 2‐unsubstituted furans (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Carboxylation of Thiophenes and Benzothiophenes with the Aid of EtAlCl2.
Authors: Nemoto Koji , Onozawa Satoru , Konno Megumi , Morohashi Naoya , Hattori Tetsutaro
Published: July 2012

The Lewis acid mediated carboxylation of thiophenes and benzothiophenes bearing alkyl or aryl substituents at the 2‐ or 3‐positions affords the corresponding 2‐ or 3‐carboxylic acids in up to 90% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 3,3‐Difluoro‐pyrrolidine Hydrochloride Starting with 2‐Chloro‐2,2‐difluoroacetic Acid.
Authors: Wei Lulin , Makowski Teresa M. , Rutherford Jennifer L.
Published: July 2012

A fluorination‐free synthesis of title compound (IV) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Allenyl Oxindoles and Spirooxindoles by a Catalytic Enantioselective Saucy—Marbet Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Cao Trung , Deitch Joshua , Linton Elizabeth C. , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: July 2012

The rearrangement of alkynyl substrates allows the synthesis of allenyl oxindoles having a quarternary stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: A trans Diacyloxylation of Indoles.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhao Qing Yong , Liu Jie , Wu Pan , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen
Published: July 2012

Diacetoxyiodobenzene is an efficient oxidant for the reaction of N‐protected indoles with carboxylic acids as reactant and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Primary Amine Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of Isatins and Acetaldehyde.
Authors: Guo Qunsheng , Zhao John Cong‐Gui
Published: July 2012

QUA is used in the title reaction to give the aldol products in high yield and good enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic System for Inhibition of Amination‐Type Reaction and Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation Using Non‐Protected Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Derridj Fazia , Roger Julien , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri
Published: July 2012

5‐Aminopyrazoles (I) and (IV) are arylated at the 4‐position by aryl bromides in the presence of KOAc.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Pyrazole‐Substituted Alcohols Through an Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Hu Xiaolei , Gao Bo , Chu Yangyang , Li Wei , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2012

In the presence of an optimized N,N′‐dioxide—Sc(OTf)3 catalyst, a variety of pyrazoles and meso‐epoxides are transformed to the title syn‐β‐pyrazolyl‐substituted alcohols with up to 99% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition in the Synthesis of Valdecoxib.
Authors: Reddy Anumula Raghupathi , Goverdhan Gilla , Sampath Aalla , Mukkanti Khagga , Reddy Padi Pratap , Bandichhor Rakeshwar
Published: July 2012

All products are purified by either simple filtration or recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐Heterocyclic 1H‐Imidazole 3‐Oxides from 3‐Oxido‐1H‐imidazole‐4‐carbohydrazides.
Authors: Pieczonka Adam Marek , Mloston Grzegorz , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: July 2012

The cyclization of thiosemicarbazides (III) and semicarbazides (VIII) in a diluted NaOH solution leads to corresponding triazole derivatives (IV) and (IX), whilst the cyclization of compounds (III) in concentrated sulfuric acid affords thiadiazolamines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Monosubstituted 1‐Aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Arylboronic Acids and Prop‐2‐ynoic Acid (= Propiolic Acid) or Calcium Acetylide (= Calcium Carbide) as Acetylene Source.
Authors: Yang Qing , Jiang Yubo , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: July 2012

A convenient one‐pot procedure is elaborated for the conversion of arylboronic acids (I) into 1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Spiro Indoline‐Based Heterocycles Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Souzangarzadeh Saeid , Bazian Atiye , Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein
Published: July 2012

of isatin imines (I) and nitrilimines under classical or microwave irradiation conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reaction of 3‐Hydroxyhexa‐4,5‐allenic Esters: A Novel Access to Diversely Substituted 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones and Indenes.
Authors: Xu Haiyun , Zhang Xinying , He Yan , Guo Shenghai , Fan Xuesen
Published: July 2012

A novel method is elaborated for the preparation of substituted pyran‐2‐ones (II) by H2SO4‐catalyzed domino reaction of esters (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Using Water, Light, Air and Spirulina to Access a Wide Variety of Polyoxygenated Compounds.
Authors: Noutsias Dimitris , Alexopoulou Ioanna , Montagnon Tamsyn , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: July 2012

The photooxygenation of furan substrates in the presence of Spirulina as a source of photosensitizers in water provides access to a diverse range of synthetically useful polyoxygenated motifs commonly found in various natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: H4SiW12O40: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of New Spiro‐[dibenzo[a,i]xanthene‐14,3′‐indoline]‐2′,8,13‐triones.
Authors: Yang Li Min , Yin Zhi Kui , Wu Li Qiang
Published: July 2012

A simple one‐pot method is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds via three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano N‐TiO2 Mediated Selective Photocatalytic Synthesis of Quinaldines from Nitrobenzenes.
Authors: Selvam Kaliyamoorthy , Swaminathan Meenakshisundaram
Published: July 2012

N‐Doped titanium dioxide is successfully applied as catalyst in the photo‐induced reaction of nitrobenzenes (I) with ethanol to give quinaldine derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(N‐Allylaminomethyl)cinnamaldehydes as Substrates for Syntheses of Azapolycycles via Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Mishra Amita , Rastogi Neeraj , Batra Sanjay
Published: July 2012

The title substrates (I) and (VI), which are derived from Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman adducts, are employed for the synthesis of aza‐polycycles for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives over ZrO2 Nanoparticles Catalyst.
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Afsharpour Maryam
Published: July 2012

Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael addition of aromatic aldehydes, methylcyanoacetate, and aminouracil proceeds under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines, Thieno[2,3‐d]triazinones and Thieno[2,3‐e]diazepinones of Anticipated Anticancer Activity.
Authors: Kandeel M. M. , Mounir Ashraf A. , Refaat Hanan M. , Kassab Asmaa E.
Published: July 2012

A variety of hitherto unknown title heterocycles fused to cyclooctane is synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐Based Five‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2‐(2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐3‐yl) acetamides (= α‐Aryl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐3‐acetam ides).
Authors: Akbarzadeh Roya , Amanpour Tayebeh , Soorki Ali Abolhasani , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: July 2012

Some of the novel benzodiazepine derivatives show good antibacterial and/or antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 6‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octene via (3,5)‐Oxonium‐ene Reaction.
Authors: Saha Pipas , Saikia Anil K.
Published: July 2012

For the first time an efficient synthesis of the title compounds from readily available naturally occurring terpenoid is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of the Hydroxyalkylation Reaction to Prepare Bis(benzocrown Ethers).
Authors: Zielinski Matthew E. , Tracy Adam F. , Klumpp Douglas A.
Published: July 2012

A simple protocol is presented for the acid‐mediated condensation of isatins (I), ninhydrin (IV) or 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde with benzocrown ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Use of Ionic Liquids to Access Phosphorodiamidites.
Authors: Crossey Kerri , Hardacre Christopher , Migaud Marie E. , Norman Sarah E.
Published: July 2012

Highly moisture‐sensitive phosphorodiamidites (III) and (V) are selectively formed by reaction of alkoxydichlorophosphine with secondary amines in ionic liquids as reaction medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Alkoxy(trimethylsiloxy)phosphines and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S.
Published: July 2012

Alkoxy(trimethylsiloxy)phosphines like (IV) are obtained by reaction of alkyl hypophosphites, prepared in situ, with N‐trimethylsilylsuccinimide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Zn(OAc)2·2H2O‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates under Neat Reaction.
Authors: Arigala Uma Ravi Sankar , Matcha Chaitanya , Yoon Kuk Ro
Published: July 2012

A series of new α‐aminophosphonates (IV) (12 examples) is synthesized via a Zn‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,3,2]diazaphosphinin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Georgiy N. , Huryeva Anastasiya S. , Smaliy Radomyr V. , Yurchenko Aleksandr A. , Kostyk Aleksandr N.
Published: July 2012

Phosphinimidic isocyanates (V), (VIII) and (X) derived from the corresponding 3‐ ,4‐ , and 5‐aminopyrazoles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Temperature in [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Isoselenocyanates with Oxiranes Using BF3·Et2O.
Authors: Sengoden Mani , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: July 2012

BF3·OEt2‐Catalyzed cycloaddition of various epoxides with isoselenocyanates provides access towards iminooxaselenolanes, e.g. (III) and (VIII), or oxazolidinones, e.g. (IV) and (IX), at ‐5 °C or +40 °C, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Tigliane Diterpene Esters with IFN γ‐Inducing Activity from the Leaves of Aleurites fordii.
Authors: Pei Yi‐Hua , Kim Jae Wha , Kang Ho‐Bum , Lee Hyeong‐Kyu , Kim Chan‐Soo , Song Hyuk‐Hwan , Chin Young‐Won , Oh Sei‐Ryang
Published: July 2012

Bioactivity‐guided fractionation of the leaves of aleurites fordii leads to the isolation of the new phorbol ester (I) together with four known phorbol esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Asymmetric Synthesis of the Key Chiral Building Blocks of 20(S)‐ and 20(R)‐Camptothecins.
Authors: Yu Sanbao , Feng Xiangjun , Luo Yu , Lu Wei
Published: July 2012

The key chiral building blocks (IXa) and (IXb) as well as their (R)‐enantiomers are synthesized via an asymmetric bromolactonization to give (II), an epoxydation of β‐bromohydroxycarboxylate (V) and their ring‐opening reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Hybrid Molecules Based on 15‐Membered Azalide as Potential Antimalarial Agents.
Authors: Starcevic Kristina , Pesic Dijana , Toplak Ana , Landek Goran , Alihodzic Sulejman , Herreros Esperanza , Ferrer Santiago , Spaventi Radan , Peric Mihaela
Published: July 2012

Novel hybrid molecules comprising 4‐aminoquinoline moiety covalently linked to 15‐membered azalide scaffold at position C‐3′ are synthesized and biologically evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanofibers Prepared via Electrospinning
Authors: Inagaki Michio , Yang Ying , Kang Feiyu
Published: July 2012

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isotope Effects Induced by Exterior Actions on the Solid Surface
Authors: Nikitenkov Nikolay N. , Tyurin Yurii I. , Larionov Vitalii V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Paramagnetic Metal Complexes of Diamido Donor Ligands
Authors: Hayes Cassandra E. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: July 2012

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Imido)vanadium(V)‐Alkyl, Alkylidene Complexes Exhibiting Unique Reactivities Towards Olefins, Phenols, and Benzene via 1,2‐C—H Bond Activation
Authors: Nomura Kotohiro
Published: July 2012

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Fluorinated Organic Radicals in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Postigo Al
Published: July 2012

Review: enhanced reactivities of perfluoroalkyl radicals in water facilitate their addition reactions to carbon—carbon and carbon—heteroatom multiple bonds; 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Polyhalogenated Heteroarenes
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco
Published: July 2012

Review: about 300 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strained Small Rings in Gold‐Catalyzed Rapid Chemical Transformations
Authors: Lu Bei‐Li , Dai Lunzhi , Shi Min
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Reactions Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Zhang Chun , Tang Conghui , Jiao Ning
Published: July 2012

Review: about 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomeric Effect in Saturated Heterocyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Juaristi Eusebio , Bandala Yamir
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the C2 and C3 Regioselective Direct Arylation of Indoles
Authors: Lebrasseur Nathalie , Larrosa Igor
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Mixed Metal Oxides in Catalysis Science — Versatile Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Gawande Manoj B. , Pandey Rajesh K. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Formose Reaction: A Tool to Produce Synthetic Carbohydrates Within a Regenerative Life Support System
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Novalin Senad
Published: July 2012

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclobutenes by [2+2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Razin V. V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homolytic Substitution Chemistry: From James Franz to Antihypertensives
Authors: Kyne Sara H. , Aitken Heather M. , Horvart Sonia M. , Lin Ching Yeh , Coote Michelle L. , Schiesser Carl H.
Published: July 2012

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in the Aerobic Oxidation of Amines
Authors: Schumperli Martin T. , Hammond Ceri , Hermans Ive
Published: July 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate, an Efficient Catalyst in Organic Reactions
Authors: Baghernejad Bita
Published: July 2012

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Preformed Pd Catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions, Beyond the 2010 Nobel Prize
Authors: Li Hongbo , Johansson Seechurn Carin C. C. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: July 2012

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dearomatization Reactions Using Organolithiums
Authors: Lemiere G. , Clayden J.
Published: July 2012

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: PAH and Soot Formation and Gas Phase Transition in the Solid Phase Combustion Process
Authors: Desgroux P. , El Bakali A. , Mercier X.
Published: July 2012

Review: 39 refs.
A generalized Fleming and Harrington's class of tests for interval‐censored data
Authors: Oller Ramon , Gómez Guadalupe
Published: July 2012

The class$G^{\rho,\lambda }$of weighted log‐rank tests proposed by Fleming & Harrington [Fleming & Harrington (1991)Counting Processes and Survival Analysis, Wiley, New York] has been widely used in survival analysis and is nowadays, unquestionably, the established method to compare, nonparametrically,kdifferent survival functions based on right‐censored survival data. This paper extends the$G^{\rho,\lambda }$class to interval‐censored data. First we introduce a new general class of rank based tests, then we show the analogy to the above proposal of Fleming & Harrington. The asymptotic behaviour of the proposed tests is derived using an observed Fisher information approach and a permutation approach. Aiming to make this family of tests interpretable and useful for practitioners, we explain how to interpret different choices of weights and we apply it to data from a cohort of intravenous drug users at risk for HIV infection.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 501–516; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Product Evaluation for the Control of Chemical Emissions to Indoor Air – 10 Years of Experience with the AgBB Scheme in Germany
Authors: Däumling Christine
Published: July 2012

Emissions from construction products may have a significant impact on the quality of indoor air, particularly in energy‐efficient buildings, where the normal rate of air exchange with fresh ambient air may be limited. In this context, reduction strategies to mitigate the concentration of chemicals in the indoor environment have become even more important. German authorities wanted to foster the development of low‐emission products, and as a result it was necessary to quantify and qualify these emissions in a reliable and objective manner. The core principles for evaluation of the standardized measurements in emission tests were established by the “Committee for Health‐Related Evaluation of Building Products” (AgBB) and published in the so‐called “AgBB scheme”. Relevant for evaluation are: (i) Assessment of the emission levels of substances with known toxicological properties; (ii) limits for non‐assessable or unknown substances; (iii) limits for the total amount of chemical emissions. This review describes the stepwise implementation of the test procedure in Germany and the experience gained in evaluation of product emissions over the years. A comprehensive overview of the philosophy, history, current practices, and future directions of the German AgBB scheme for VOC emissions is also provided. Special emphasis is given to the evaluation of a list of about 170 single substances which have an agreed “lowest concentration of interest” (LCI) value for the indoor environment – values that are updated periodically according to present toxicological knowledge.
Ozone Weekend Effect Analysis in Three European Urban Areas
Authors: Pires José Carlos M.
Published: July 2012

This paper aims to apply statistical procedures to analyse the ozone weekend effect (OWE) in three European urban areas: Lisbon, Oporto and London. Seasonal variations of surface ozone (O3) and total oxidant species (Ox) concentrations are presented. The studied period was from January 2007 to December 2009. The O3 annual average profile in London was significantly different from the ones achieved for Lisbon and Oporto, due to the high emissions of nitrogen oxides and low temperatures (associated with low solar radiations). The influence of nitrogen oxides in atmospheric chemistry of London was analysed by linear correlations between O3 concentrations and NO2/NO ratio. High values during almost all period showed that O3 concentrations are mainly influenced by NONO2O3 chemical reaction. On the other hand, the linear correlations between O3 and NO2 concentrations only presented positive values in Lisbon and Oporto. This behaviour is associated with photo‐dissociation of NO2, producing O3 during the spring and summer periods. Additionally, cluster analysis was applied to group the days of week according the correspondent O3 behaviour. The weekend and some weekdays (immediately after or before) were grouped in the same cluster, showing that OWE occurs in all urban areas selected in this study. These findings suggest that the applied statistical procedures should be used to analyse the OWE and that the causes for the different O3 behaviours during the week may be influenced by meteorological variables.
Excision repair cross‐complementing gene‐1, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2, and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter‐1 expression and prognostic value in biliary tract malignancy
Authors: Fisher Sarah B. , Fisher Kevin E. , Patel Sameer H. , Lim Matthew G. , Kooby David A. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Staley Charles A. , Adsay N. Volkan , Farris Alton B. , Maithel Shishir K.
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND:

Tumor expression of excision cross‐complementing gene‐1 (ERCC1), human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1), and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2), is associated with the efficacy of platinum and gemcitabine chemotherapy. The authors of this report recently demonstrated that high ERCC1 and RRM2 expression levels are independent negative prognostic markers for survival in early stage pancreas cancer. The differential expression and prognostic value of these biomarkers in biliary tract malignancy (BTM) is unknown.

METHODS:

In total, 63 patients who had tissue available for analysis were selected from a prospective database of all patients (n = 104) who underwent resection of BTM (intrahepatic, hilar, or distal cholangiocarcinoma; gallbladder carcinoma) between January 2000 and December 2008. Immunohistochemistry for ERCC1, hENT1, RRM1, and RRM2 expression was performed. Staining was scored by a single pathologist who was blinded to patient outcomes.

RESULTS:

The median patient age was 67 years. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.2 months, and the median follow‐up was 32.7 months. Only 3 BTMs (4.8%) had high ERCC1 expression, and 92.1% and 81% of BTMs exhibited high hENT1 and RRM1 expression, respectively. RRM2 expression varied, and 32% of tumors demonstrated high RRM2 expression. ERCC1 and RRM1 were not associated with OS. High RRM2 expression was associated with a trend toward improved OS (30.8 months vs 16.2 months; P = .06), and high hENT1 expression was associated with improved OS (17.7 months vs 9.5 months; P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS:

Most BTMs exhibited low ERCC1 expression and high hENT1 and RRM1 expression, whereas RRM2 expression levels varied. High expression of hENT1 was associated with improved OS. These findings may have implications for the selection of chemotherapy agents (gemcitabine vs platinum) and the stratification of patients in chemotherapy trials that assess outcome. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The new generation of hepatocellular markers
Authors: Mount Sharon
Published: July 2012

In this issue, 2 groups of authors investigate the diagnostic usefulness of the immunohistochemical marker arginase‐1 in the evaluation of hepatic masses using fine‐needle aspiration. Both groups propose that arginase‐1 join 2 other immunohistochemical stains, hepatocyte paraffin and glypican‐3, which are commonly used in the often challenging diagnosis of liver lesions.
Strongly Reduced Si Surface Recombination by Charge Injection during Etching in Diluted HF/HNO3
Authors: Greil Stefanie M. , Schöpke Andreas , Rappich Jörg
Published: July 2012

Herein, we investigate the behaviour of the surface recombination of light‐induced charge carriers during the etching of Si in alkaline (KOH) and acidic etching solutions of HF/HNO3/CH3COOH (HNA) or HF/HNO3/H3PO4 (HNP) at different concentration ratios of HF and HNO3 by means of photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The surface recombination velocity is strongly reduced during the first stages of etching in HF/HNO3‐containing solutions pointing to a interface well passivated by the etching process, where a positive surface charge is induced by hole injection from NO‐related surface species into the Si near‐surface region (back surface field effect). This injected charge leads to a change in band bending by about 150 mV that repulses the light‐induced charge carriers from the surface and therefore enhances the photoluminescence intensity, since non‐radiative surface recombination is reduced.
Color in Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) with Profound Implications for Electronic, Electrochemical, and Optical Functions
Authors: Sydam Rambabu , Deepa Melepurath
Published: July 2012

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films have been synthesized by a facile electropolymerization route by using poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) as the counter‐ion source. To enhance their efficacy, the fullerene derivative N‐methyl fulleropyrrolidine (N‐FP) was embedded in the PEDOT/PDDA films; the electron‐conducting ability of the N‐FP came to the fore, as the conductivity, optical contrast, and ion‐storage capacity were greater in the PEDOT/PDDA/N‐FP film than in the PEDOT/PDDA film. Both the PEDOT/PDDA and PEDOT/PDDA/N‐FP films showed an unprecedented dramatic digression from the expected optical response of conventional PEDOT, exhibiting distinct π–π* absorptions in the visible region in air, corresponding to a bandgap of 1.1–1.3 eV, which is outside the established range (1.6–1.7 eV). The neutral state of these films showed split components, which was simultaneously accompanied by a reversible color change from bright blue (in oxidized form) to deep brown (in reduced form). This is a most unusual color transition for PEDOT, as it opposes the well‐established colors that vacillate between dark blue (reduced) and sky blue (oxidized) tones. Atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence for the higher nanoscale current‐carrying capacity and lower localized work function for PEDOT/PDDA/N‐FP than for PEDOT/PDDA; both the energetics and conductivity are conducive for fast redox switching. The serendipitous but easily reproducible synthesis method and results for PEDOT/PDDA and PEDOT/PDDA/N‐FP pave the way for the utilization of this material for electronic, electrochemical, and optical functions. This is different from what is currently known about the molecular‐level feature control of macroscopic properties.
Institutional Investment and Corporate Social Performance: Linkage towards Sustainable Development
Authors: Ahmed Sarwar Uddin , Islam Zahidul , Mahtab Hanif , Hasan Ikramul
Published: July 2012

This study examines the relationship between institutional investment (II) and corporate social performance (CSP) of public listed companies (PLCs) in Bangladesh using cross‐sectional data. The sample includes 152 firms as listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). Structured questionnaires, annual reports, CSR reports, websites, regulatory notifications, and newspaper articles were used for data collection.

The results of the study indicate that CSP has a positive but insignificant relationship with institutional investment in Bangladesh. This would also improve the investment climate by encouraging the institutional investors to make their investment decisions based on long‐term sustainability. To the best of our knowledge, the paper investigates, for the first time, the linkage between institutional investment and CSP in the context of a developing country like Bangladesh. In the process, this paper attempts to develop the first known comprehensive CSP Index in the context of Bangladesh. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Continuous D‐Fructose Dehydration to 5‐ Hydroxymethylfurfural Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Aellig Christof , Hermans Ive
Published: July 2012

The dehydration of D‐fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural was studied under single‐phase conditions in the low boiling solvent 1,4‐dioxane at moderate temperatures in the presence of the solid acid‐catalyst Amberlyst‐15. The reaction was first examined and optimized under batch conditions, where it was found that the yield could be increased up to 75 % by adding small amounts of DMSO. Subsequently, the reaction was performed under continuous flow in a fixed bed reactor. Internal and external mass transfer limitations could be eliminated by changing the particle size and by adjusting the flow rate. Under continuous conditions, the HMF yield could be further increased to 92 %; the space–time yield was found to be 75 times higher compared to the batch case. A long‐term stability test (96 h), including solvent regeneration, demonstrated that the catalyst is stable over time. Additionally, it was shown that even small amounts of water have a negative effect on the HMF yield. Overall, the present system shows a good alternative to other systems presented in literature because high space–time yields and selectivities were obtained under relatively mild and continuous conditions.
Optimized protocol for the isolation of spleen‐resident murine neutrophils
Authors: Coquery Christine M. , Loo William , Buszko Maja , Lannigan Joanne , Erickson Loren D.
Published: July 2012

Neutrophils are an important cellular component of the innate immune system that provides immediate protection to the host from infection. Neutrophil infiltration into inflamed peripheral tissues during infection is beneficial for immunity through phagocytosis of microbes, the release of antimicrobial factors, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent reports further suggest that spleen‐infiltrating neutrophils play a role in the adaptive immune response by providing survival signals to B cells. However, neutrophils may have detrimental effects on immunity in inflammatory diseases where their recruitment to lymphoid tissues and activation occur abnormally. To determine the contribution of neutrophils that reside in secondary lymphoid tissues to adaptive immunity, direct evaluation of the functional properties of tissue‐resident neutrophils is required. We have developed a modified magnetic bead isolation approach for purifying neutrophils from inflamed spleens of autoimmune‐prone mice by negative selection. Using this approach, we yielded neutrophils with greater than 90% purity without compromising cell viability. Equally important, the isolation procedure had little effect on the activation of neutrophils and did not impair phagocytic function. Thus, isolation of spleen‐resident neutrophils by this optimized approach could be useful for interrogating the functional role of murine neutrophils in normal and abnormal immune responses. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A smart handover prediction system based on curve fitting model for Fast Mobile IPv6 in wireless networks
Authors: Sadiq Ali Safa , Bakar Kamalrulnizam Abu , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar , Lloret Jaime , Mirjalili SeyedAli
Published: July 2012

Seamless handover process is essential in order to provide efficient communication between mobile nodes in wireless local area networks. Despite the importance of a signal strength prediction model to provide seamless handovers, it is not embedded in standard mobility management protocols. In this article, we propose a smart handover prediction system based on curve fitting model to perform the handover (CHP) algorithm. The received signal strength indicator parameter, from scanning phase, is considered as an input to the CHP in order to provide a prediction technique for a mobile node to estimate the received signal strength value for the access points in the neighborhood and to select the best candidate access point from them in an intelligent way. We implemented the proposed approach and compared it with standard protocols and linear regression‐based handover prediction approach. Simulation results in complex wireless environments show that our CHP approach performs the best by predicting the received signal strength value with up to 800 ms in advance from real obtained value via scanning phase. Moreover, our CHP approach is the best in terms of layer 2 and overall handover latency, in comparison with standard protocols and linear regression approach, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid joint ML technique for CFO, timing offset, and channel estimations in an OFDMA uplink
Authors: Thafasal Ijyas V.P. , Sameer S.M.
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid joint maximum‐likelihood estimator for carrier frequency offset (CFO), timing offset, and channel response of all users in the uplink of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system. The proposed estimation method significantly reduces complexity of this multiparameter, multidimensional optimization problem, using the concept of separation of the different user signals by means of newly defined projection operators. This projection technique is combined with the alternating projection method available in the literature to arrive at a new hybrid algorithm that offers significant performance advantages in terms of computational complexity and estimator performance. The joint estimation of the CFOs, timing offsets, and channel coefficients for all active users together at the base station of the OFDMA uplink is a rarely addressed task. The proposed method also offers the flexibility of application to any subcarrier assignment scheme used in OFDMA systems. Extensive simulation studies corroborate the advantages of the new hybrid method for all three estimation requirements in the multiuser OFDMA uplink. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The major histocompatibility complex and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Needleman Leigh A. , McAllister A. Kimberley
Published: July 2012

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder that appears to be caused by interactions between genetic changes and environmental insults during early development. A wide range of factors have been linked to the onset of ASD, but recently both genetic associations and environmental factors point to a central role for immune‐related genes and immune responses to environmental stimuli. Specifically, many of the proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a vital role in the formation, refinement, maintenance, and plasticity of the brain. Manipulations of levels of MHC molecules have illustrated how disrupted MHC signaling can significantly alter brain connectivity and function. Thus, an emerging hypothesis in our field is that disruptions in MHC expression in the developing brain caused by mutations and/or immune dysregulation may contribute to the altered brain connectivity and function characteristic of ASD. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the three classes of MHC molecules in the immune system, healthy brain, and their possible involvement in ASD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Joint projections of North Pacific sea surface temperature from different global climate models
Authors: Beltrán Francisco , Sansó Bruno , Lemos Ricardo T. , Mendelssohn Roy
Published: July 2012

The goal of this work is to develop a general methodology to obtain joint projections of climate indexes, based on ensembles of global climate model (GCM) output and historical records. As a case study, we consider sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean. We use two ensembles of 17 different GCM results, made available in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: one corresponds to 20th‐century forcing conditions, and the other corresponds to the A1B emission scenario for the 21st century. Given a representation of the SST spatio‐temporal fields based on a common set of empirical orthogonal functions, we use a hierarchical Bayesian model for the empirical orthogonal function coefficients to estimate a baseline and a set of model discrepancies. These components are all time varying. The model enables us to extract relevant temporal patterns of variability from both the observations and the simulations and obtain common patterns from all 18 series. This is used to obtain unified 21st‐century forecasts of relevant oceanic indexes as well as whole fields of North Pacific SST forecast. We compare the forecast index for different timescales and compare the SST reconstructions with the GCMs for the 21st century. Although the coarser time resolution produces clearer and faster results, we show that finer timescales produce results with structures that are similar to ones obtained at coarser scales. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downlink beamforming and resource allocation in multicell MISO‐OFDMA systems
Authors: Hassan Naveed UL , Assaad Mohamad
Published: July 2012

We study the downlink beamforming (DLBF) and resource optimisation problem in multicell multi‐input single‐output orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MISO‐OFDMA) systems. This is a mixed combinatorial, nonlinear and nonconvex optimisation problem. By using uplink downlink duality, we propose an efficient suboptimal algorithm. This algorithm provides beamformers and allocates subcarriers and power to different users in the network with minimum message passing between the transmitting base stations. DLBF and resource optimisation algorithm for single‐cell MISO‐OFDMA systems can be obtained as a special case of the multicell algorithm. Simulation results reveal the performance gains provided by the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Likelihood Ratio‐Based Mann‐Whitney Approach Finds Novel Replicable Joint Gene Action for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Qing , Wei Changshuai , Ye Chengyin , Li Ming , Elston Robert C.
Published: July 2012

The potential importance of the joint action of genes, whether modeled with or without a statistical interaction term, has long been recognized. However, identifying such action has been a great challenge, especially when millions of genetic markers are involved. We propose a likelihood ratio‐based Mann‐Whitney test to search for joint gene action either among candidate genes or genome‐wide. It extends the traditional univariate Mann‐Whitney test to assess the joint association of genotypes at multiple loci with disease, allowing for high‐order statistical interactions. Because only one overall significance test is conducted for the entire analysis, it avoids the issue of multiple testing. Moreover, the approach adopts a computationally efficient algorithm, making a genome‐wide search feasible in a reasonable amount of time on a high performance personal computer. We evaluated the approach using both theoretical and real data. By applying the approach to 40 type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified a four‐locus model strongly associated with T2D in the Wellcome Trust (WT) study (permutation P‐value < 0.001), and replicated the same finding in the Nurses’ Health Study/Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study (NHS/HPFS) (P‐value = ). We also conducted a genome‐wide search on 385,598 SNPs in the WT study. The analysis took approximately 55 hr on a personal computer, identifying the same first two loci, but overall a different set of four SNPs, jointly associated with T2D (P‐value = ). The nominal significance of this same association reached in the NHS/HPFS. Genet. Epidemiol. 00:1‐11, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When activated oncogene meets immunity: A fight to prevent liver tumor initiation
Authors: Nault Jean-Charles , Amaddeo Giuliana , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Groszmann Roberto J. , Iwakiri Yasuko , Taddei Tamar H.
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this ‘secretory phenotype’ can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as ‘senescence surveillance’), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.
Calibration of tipping‐bucket flow meters and rain gauges to measure gross rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow applied to data from a Japanese temperate coniferous forest and a Cambodian tropical deciduous forest
Authors: Iida Shin'ichi , Shimizu Takanori , Kabeya Naoki , Nobuhiro Tatsuhiko , Tamai Koji , Shimizu Akira , Ito Eriko , Ohnuki Yasuhiro , Abe Toshio , Tsuboyama Yoshio , Chann Sophal , Keth Nang
Published: July 2012

Tipping‐bucket flow meter and rain gauge (TBFM/TBRG) are widely used for the measurement of gross rainfall (GR), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) to evaluate the amount of interception loss (I). However, TBFM/TBRG cannot measure the inflow rate during tipping and underestimates the inflow rate. To correct this systematic bias, 33 total calibrations were conducted for five types of TBFM/TBRG in the laboratory. The tipping time increased with the bucket volume, and the underestimation during one tip was higher for TBFM/TBRG of larger capacity. With the use of the scaled actual inflow rate and the actual volume of a single tip from the measured static volume of a single tip when the inflow rate is zero, the common calibration curves were obtained as quadratic equations for each of the five types within an error range of ±3%. We measured GR and TF by using TBRG and TBFM with a resolution of 0.2 mm and measured SF by TBRG with a single‐tip static volume of 15.7 cm3 in a Japanese temperate coniferous forest (TCF) and a Cambodian tropical deciduous forest (TDF). At both sites, the calibration curves needed to be applied to obtain GR, TF, and SF on an event scale with an underestimation degree of less than 3%. Without applying any calibrations, the higher rainfall intensities in TDF caused larger underestimations of GR, TF, and SF and larger overestimations of I compared with results for TCF. On an annual scale, the degree of overestimation of I relative to GR (ΔI/GR) was 1.2% in TCF and 3.5% in TDF, and ΔI/I was at least 10% at both sites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.