bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF THE PROCESSOR FOUR FUEL WOOD MODEL FOR DIFFERENT FOREST REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Жидких М.В. , Меньшиков Б.Е.
Published: November 2021

В реалиях XXI века дрова являются конкурентоспособным топливом, не уступающим по теплоте сгорания торфу, сланцам, а по некоторым другим свойствам, таким как зольность, содержание серы и др., древесина является лучшим из всех видов твердого топлива. В последние годы наблюдается увеличение спроса на короткомерные колотые дрова на внутреннем рынке России. кроме того, данный вид лесной продукции становится экспортным товаром. В работе представлены результаты исследования распределения дров по ступеням толщины в зависимости от среднего объёма хлыста. В Российской Феде- рации это тонкомерные до 0,3 м3 древостои средней крупности 0,3–0,7 м3, толстомерные древостои свыше 0,7 м3. были рассчитаны проценты распределения дровяной древесины по толщинам в зависимости от среднего объёма хлыста. В древостоях различной крупномерности распределение дров по группам диаметров значительно отличается. Рассмотрена зависимость толщины древостоя от места его произрастания. На предприятиях Российской Федерации широко применяются финские процессоры марки PALAPOWER и словенские процессоры марки RCA, также используются отечественные процессоры марки ДРС. Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение и могут быть использованы для выбора моделей процессоров в различных лесозаготовительных регионах Российской Федерации. кроме того, эти данные можно применять в расчёте производительности работ по производству дров.

Firewood is a competitive fuel in the realities of the XXI century, not inferior in terms of heat of combustion to peat, shale, and in some other properties, such as ash content, sulfur content, etc., wood is the best of all types of solid fuel. In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for short-sized chopped firewood in the domestic market of Russia. In addition, this type of forest products becomes an export commodity. The paper presents the results of a study of the distribution of firewood by thickness steps depending on the average volume of the whip. In the Russian Federation, these are thin-dimensional stands of up to 0,3 m3, medium – sized stands of 0,3–0,7 m3, thick-dimensional stands of over 0,7 m3. The percentages of the distribution of woodwood by thickness were calculated depending on the average volume of the whip. In stands of various sizes, the distribution of firewood by diameter groups differs significantly. The dependence of the thickness of the stand on the place of its growth is considered. Processors of various brands that differ in the parameter of processing raw materials are studied. Finnish processors of the PALAPOWER brand and Slovenian processors of the RCA brand are widely used at enterprises of the Russian Federation, domestic processors of the DRS brand are also used. The results of the study are of practical importance and can be used to select processor models in various logging regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, these data can be used to calculate the productivity of work on the production of firewood.
INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF MOTOR SAWS WITH AN ELECTRIC DRIVE IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF INTENSIVE FORESTRY
Authors: Мехренцев А.В. , Уразова А.Ф.
Published: November 2021

Проведены экспериментальные исследования оценки производительности чистого пиления в зимний период в условиях учебно-опытного лесхоза УГKТУ в пос. Северка. Производительность чистого пиления определялась в процессе раскряжевки осиновых образцов с помощью аккумуляторной пилы STIHL MSA 220 со съемным аккумулятором AP 300S. В соответствии с планированием эксперимента были получены данные о среднем времени пропила tср с фиксацией среднего диаметра пропила Dср. После обработки результатов эксперимента были найдены значения средней производительности чистого пиления Пчп. В качестве источника питания применялся аккумулятор AP 300S. В результате расчетов для бесперебойной работы при 7-часовой рабочей смене рабочему потребуется 4 заряженных аккумулятора.
Для более эффективной работы предлагается использовать современные ранцевые аккумуляторы, которые устанавливаются в специальном ортопедическом жилете с наплечной и поясной фиксацией на спине работника. На основе результатов собственных исследований авторами предложен альтернативный источник электрического тока в условиях лесного мастерского участка. В качестве приоритетных для условий Урала можно рекомендовать солнечные панели или термогенераторы, работающие на основе принципа Пельтье.
Наиболее эффективным зарядным устройством для восстановления работоспособности аккумуляторных батарей может быть рекомендована энергетическая тепловая колонна, оснащенная электронными термогенераторами.

The performance of clean sawing was determined during the bucking of aspen samples using a STIHL MSA 220 battery saw with a removable AP 300S battery. In accordance with the planning of the experiment, data were obtained on the average time of cutting tsr with the fixation of the average diameter of the cut Dsr. After processing the results of the experiment, the values of the average productivity of pure sawn Ppp were obtained. The AP 300S battery was used as a power source. As a result of calculations, for uninterrupted operation during a 7-hour work shift, the worker will need 4 charged batteries. For more efficient work, it is proposed to use modern backpack batteries, which are installed in a special orthopedic vest with shoulder and waist fixation on the employee’s back. Based on the results of their own research, the authors proposed an alternative source of electric current in the conditions of a forest workshop site. As a priority for the conditions of the Urals, we can recommend solar panels or thermal generators operating on the basis of the Peltier principle. An energy heat column equipped with electronic thermogenerators can be recommended as the most effective charger for restoring the operability of batteries.
Early Childhood Learning Model Based On Local Wisdom Entrepreneurship In Banten Province
Authors: Umayah Umayah , Huliyah Muhiyatul
Published: November 2021

Abstract This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The aim of this study was to obtain information about early childhood learning based on local wisdom entrepreneurship. This research was conducted at TK Bona Kota Serang and RA Daarul Muqimien Tangerang Regency. The results obtained in this study show that TK Bona have implemented entrepreneurship learning through "market days" activities. Another activity carried out at TK Bona in order to develop life skills is the overnight activity at a pesantren or "mondok". At RA Daarul Muqimien, the learning model in the context of instilling entrepreneurial values were carried out through market day activities, cooking days, and field trips. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference for further research in developing early childhood learning models based on local wisdom entrepreneurship.

Keywords: early childhood, learning models, local wisdom, entrepreneurship, Banten
Viewing The Quality Of Early Childhood Education From The Organizing Point Of View And Classroom Management
Authors: Luthfatun Nisa'  , Ria Astuti
Published: November 2021

Abstract This study aims to review the quality of an early childhood education institution (ECE) from the perspective of climate organization and in the classroom management process, because the quality of education is influenced by the organizational climate and the quality of the educational process, but in its implementation these two things are less of a concern. in the process of organizing an educational institution, especially ECE, so it needs to be studied more deeply related to the importance of climate organization and health management in determining the quality of ECE institutions. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library research approach, which is the collection of data obtained from various literatures which are then studied and analyzed in depth and then conclusions are drawn. In this study, we will describe how to identify problems that exist in the school environment, how climate organization and classroom management can have an impact on the quality of education, and how solutions are offered to improve the quality of climate organizing and classroom management. So that this research is expected to provide alternative solutions to be applied in the learning process, especially in climate organization and classroom management.

Keywords: ECE quality, organizational climate, organizational classroom
Introducing Sex Education To Children Through Pictures And Singing
Authors: Hasanah Ainul
Published: November 2021

Abstract Sex education needs to be introduced from an early age as an effort to provide understanding for children about the role of their sexuality and as an effort to prevent sexual violence against children. Early childhood education must be implemented in accordance with the needs and stages of child development, then the process of early childhood education must be packaged in an attractive and fun form for children. This study aims to determine how the application of the introduction of sex education to children using interesting and fun media, namely the media of images and the singing method. The subjects in this study were 30 students aged 5-6 years and 9 teachers at TK Muslimat VI NU Pademawu Pamekasan. The data collection methods in this research are observation, interview, and documentation. The data analysis used was the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the introduction of sex education in children by personal health and sex education through the media of pictures and the singing method.

Keywords: sex education, media of pictures, singing method
Popularly About Datacenters, Albeit in a Serious Way
Authors: Волков Д.
Published: November 2021

Концерн «Росэнергоатом» при поддержке издательства «АльянсПринт» выпустил книгу «Центры обработки данных. Анализ, тренды, мировой опыт».

As part of a series of publications on digitalization (“Digital Transformation. Analysis, Trends, Global Experience”, “Digital Twin”), Rosenergoatom and AlliancePrint issued a book providing an overview of datacenter design methods and the current state of datacenter services market.
The prevalence of disorders of the gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an observational study
Authors: Van Nieuwenhove T , Rasschaert G , Kharagjitsingh A , Keymeulen B , Reynaert H , Kindt S
Published: November 2021

Background and study aim: Disorders of the gut-brain axis (DGBI) and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MAFLD) are frequently diagnosed and exhibit pathophysiological similarities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of DGBI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with MAFLD.

Patients and methods: In this single center, observational study, in adults with T2DM demographics, diabetes-related parameters and liver tests were recorded. MAFLD was defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis on imaging. Functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were diagnosed based on Rome IV criteria. Quality of life (QOL), anxiety levels and depression levels were documented by validated questionnaires.

Results: We included 77 patients, 44 with and 33 without steatosis. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HbA1c levels or metformin use between groups. IBS was significantly more prevalent in the liver steatosis group (9/44 vs. 2/33, p = .037), while a similar trend was observed for FD (9/35 vs. 2/31, p = .103). No differences were found in anxiety, depression and overall QOL. However, QOL subscales for health worry, food avoidance and social reaction were significantly higher in the liver steatosis group.

Conclusions: In otherwise comparable T2DM patients, DGBI, and especially IBS, are more prevalent in the presence of MAFLD. This difference could not be attributed to increased levels of anxiety or depression. Future research should target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. (Acta gastroenterol. belg., 2021, 84, 541-547).
Relationship of prognostic factors in stomach cancer with helicobacter pylori: a retrospective study
Authors: Kayapinar A.K. , Solakoglu D , Bas K , Oymaci E , Isbilen B , Calik B , Diniz G , Akbulut G
Published: November 2021

Background and study aims: The prognostic value of H. pylori, which infects more than half of the human population living in the world and plays a role in gastric cancer pathogenesis, is controversial. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between H. pylori and prognostic factors in gastric cancer.

Patients and methods: The data of 110 patients (38 females and 72 males) that underwent surgeries due to gastric cancer between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The relationships between survival (disease-free and overall) and factors such as p53, HER2/neu, Ki-67, neutrophil and platelet lymphocyte ratio (NLR / PLR), histopathological and demographic characteristics were examined. In addition, the results of H. pylori positive and negative groups were compared.

Results: Sixty-one (55%) patients were H. pylori negative and 49 (45%) were positive. In multivariate analysis, TNM stage, lymph node capsule invasion and NLR were determined as independent prognostic factors in both disease-free and overall survival. Age>62 and PLR>14.3 were determined as independent predictive factors of poor prognosis in overall survival. In univariate analysis, tumor diameter of >4.3 cm, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and diffuse p53 expression were determined as predictive factors of poor prognosis in disease-free and overall survival. The effectiveness of these markers in prognosis was not different between H. pylori negative and positive groups.

Conclusion: While age, tumor diameter, TNM stage, lymph node capsule invasion, perineural and lymphovascular invasion, diffuse p53, PLR, and NLR were determined as prognostic factors in gastric cancer, these factors were not affected by the presence of H. pylori.
Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C
Authors: Guntipalli P , Pakala R , Kumari Gara S , Ahmed F , Bhatnagar A , Endaya Coronel M.-K. , Razzack A.A. , Solimando A.G. , Thompson A , Andrews K , Enebong Nya G , Ahmed S , Ranaldo R , Cozzolongo R , Shahini E
Published: November 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in major global public health concerns. The HCV infection is unevenly distributed worldwide, with variations in prevalence across and within countries. The studies on molecular epidemiology conducted in several countries provide an essential supplement for a comprehensive knowledge of HCV epidemiology, genotypes, and subtypes, along with providing information on the impact of current and earlier migratory flows. HCV is phylogenetically classified into 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes. HCV genotype and subtype distribution differ according to geographic origin and transmission risk category. Unless people with HCV infection are detected and treated appropriately, the number of deaths due to the disease will continue to increase. In 2015, 1.75 million new viral infections were mostly due to unsafe healthcare procedures and drug use injections. In the same year, access to direct-acting antivirals was challenging and varied in developing and developed countries, affecting HCV cure rates based on their availability. The World Health Assembly, in 2016, approved a global strategy to achieve the elimination of the HCV public health threat by 2030 (by reducing new infections by 90% and deaths by 65%). Globally, countries are implementing policies and measures to eliminate HCV risk based on their distribution of genotypes and prevalence.
Gastrointestinal tract involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma: two cases illustrating duodenal and oesophageal invasion
Authors: Bonboire R , Miscu C , Yengue P , Maes B , Patris A , Gallez J-F
Published: November 2021

We present here two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients
with gastrointestinal tract involvement (GITI). Hemorrhage due
to duodenal involvement was the inaugural event of the HCC
for the first patient. Dysphagia due to HCC recurrence in the
oesophagus four years after left hepatectomy was the call symptom
for the second. As incidence of HCC increases, and overall survival
improves, incidence of GITI in HCC patients is expected to
increase.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA MENGGUNAKAN LKPD SECARA DARING DI SMPN 248 JAKARTA
Authors: YUNIS HERMA
Published: November 2021

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes using LKPD. The online learning process causes students to ignore the assigned tasks, lack mastery of science material and lose focus in learning. This classroom action research is designed in two cycles. Actions taken by observing during learning activities with indicators include: attendance level, activeness in answering teacher questions and collecting assignments on time. The scope of the material given in the first cycle is Measurement and in the second cycle is the Properties of the Solution. The subjects of this study were 35 students of Class VII D SMPN 248 Jakarta in the 2021/2022 academic year. The results of Classroom Action Research were obtained in two cycles, there has been an increase in learning activities seen from the increase in attendance reaching 100% in the second cycle from 77.14% in the first cycle. The activeness of students in answering questions increased from 8.6% in the first cycle to 28.57% in the second cycle. The increase in student activity in collecting assignments increased from 68.57% in the first cycle to 85.71% in the second cycle.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik menggunakan LKPD. Proses pembelajaran secara daring menyebabkan peserta didik abai terhadap tugas yang diberikan, kurang menguasai materi IPA dan kehilangan fokus dalam belajar. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dirancang dalam dua siklus. Tindakan yang dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi saat kegiatan belajar dengan indikator meliputi: tingkat kehadiran, keaktifan menjawab pertanyaan guru dan pengumpulan tugas tepat waktu. Cakupan materi yang diberikan pada siklus I adalah Pengukuran dan pada siklus II adalah Sifat Larutan. Subyek penelitian ini adalah Peserta Didik Kelas VII D SMPN 248 Jakarta tahun ajaran 2021/2022 sebanyak 35 orang. Hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas didapatkan dalam dua siklus, telah terjadi peningkatan aktivitas belajar dilihat dari peningkatan kehadiran mencapai 100% pada siklus ke II dari 77,14% di siklus I. Keaktifan peserta didik dalam menjawab pertanyaan meningkat dari 8,6% di siklus I menjadi 28,57% di siklus ke II.  Peningkatan keaktivan peserta didik dalam mengumpulkan tugas meningkat dari 68,57% di siklus I menjadi 85,71% di siklus II.
Transport-driven aerosol differences above and below the canopy of a mixed deciduous forest
Authors: Bui Alexander A. T. , Wallace Henry W. , Kavassalis Sarah , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Flynn James H. , Erickson Matt H. , Alvarez Sergio , Millet Dylan B. , Steiner Allison L. , Griffin Robert J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Exchanges of energy and mass between the surrounding air
and plant surfaces occur below, within, and above a forest's vegetative
canopy. The canopy also can lead to vertical gradients in light, trace
gases, oxidant availability, turbulent mixing, and properties and
concentrations of organic aerosol (OA). In this study, a high-resolution
time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was used to measure non-refractory
submicron aerosol composition and concentration above (30 m) and below (6 m) a
forest canopy in a mixed deciduous forest at the Program for Research on
Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport tower in northern
Michigan during the summer of 2016. Three OA factors are resolved using
positive matrix factorization: more-oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol
(MO-OOA), isoprene-epoxydiol-derived organic aerosol (IEPOX-OA), and 91Fac
(a factor characterized with a distinct fragment ion at m/z 91) from both the
above- and the below-canopy inlets. MO-OOA was most strongly associated with
long-range transport from more polluted regions to the south, while IEPOX-OA
and 91Fac were associated with shorter-range transport and local oxidation
chemistry. Overall vertical similarity in aerosol composition, degrees of
oxidation, and diurnal profiles between the two inlets was observed
throughout the campaign, which implies that rapid in-canopy transport of
aerosols is efficient enough to cause relatively consistent vertical
distributions of aerosols at this scale. However, four distinct vertical
gradient episodes are identified for OA, with vertical concentration
differences (above-canopy minus below-canopy concentrations) in total OA of
up to 0.8 µg m−3, a value that is 42 % of the campaign average OA
concentration of 1.9 µg m−3. The magnitude of these differences
correlated with concurrent vertical differences in either sulfate aerosol or
ozone. These differences are likely driven by a combination of long-range
transport mechanisms, canopy-scale mixing, and local chemistry. These results
emphasize the importance of including vertical and horizontal transport
mechanisms when interpreting trace gas and aerosol data in forested
environments.
Substantial organic impurities at the surface of synthetic ammonium sulfate particles
Authors: Wu Junteng , Brun Nicolas , González-Sánchez Juan Miguel , R’Mili Badr , Temime Roussel Brice , Ravier Sylvain , Clément Jean-Louis , Monod Anne
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Ammonium sulfate (AS) particles are widely used for studying the physical-chemistry processes of aerosols and for instrument calibrations. Small quantities of organic matter can greatly influence the studied properties, as observed by many laboratory studies. In this work, monodisperse particles (from 200 nm to 500 nm) were generated by nebulizing various AS solutions and organic impurities were quantified relative to sulfate using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). The organic content found in AS solutions was also tentatively identified using a Liquid Chromatography–tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results from both analytical techniques were consistent and demonstrated that the organic impurities contained oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur, their molecular masses ranged from m/z 69 to 420, they likely originate from the commercial AS crystals. For AS particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to 500 nm, the total mass fraction of organic (relative to sulfate) ranged from 3.8 % to 1.5 % respectively. An inorganic-organic mixture model suggested that the organic impurities were coated on the AS particle surface with a density of 1.1 × 10−3 g m−2. A series of tests were performed to remove the organic content (using pure N2 in the flow, ultrapure water in the solutions, and very high AS quality), showing that at least 40 % of the organic impurities could be removed. In conclusion, it is recommended to use AS seeds with caution, especially when small particles are used, in terms of AS purity and water purity when aqueous solutions are used for atomization.
Wind speed stilling and its recovery due to internal climate variability
Authors: Wohland Jan , Folini Doris , Pickering Bryn
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Near-surface winds affect many processes on planet Earth, ranging from fundamental biological mechanisms such as pollination to man-made infrastructure that is designed to resist or harness wind. The observed systematic wind speed decline up to around 2010 (stilling) and its subsequent recovery have therefore attracted much attention. While this sequence of downward and upwards trends and good connections to well-established modes of climate variability suggest that stilling could be a manifestation of multidecadal climate variability, a systematic investigation is currently lacking. Here, we use the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) to decompose internal variability from forced changes in wind speeds. We report that wind speed changes resembling observed stilling and its recovery are well in line with internal climate variability, both under current and future climate conditions. Moreover, internal climate variability outweighs forced changes in wind speeds on 20-year timescales by 1 order of magnitude, despite the fact that smaller, forced changes become relevant in the long run as they represent alterations of mean states. In this regard, we reveal that land use change plays a pivotal role in explaining MPI-GE ensemble-mean wind changes in the representative concentration pathways 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Our results demonstrate that multidecadal wind speed variability is of greater relevance than forced changes over the 21st century, in particular for wind-related infrastructure like wind energy.
Evaluating methods for reconstructing large gaps in historic snow depth time series
Authors: Aschauer Johannes , Marty Christoph
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Historic measurements are often temporally incomplete and may contain longer periods of missing data, whereas climatological analyses require continuous measurement records. This is also valid for historic manual snow depth (HS) measurement time series, for which even whole winters can be missing in a station record, and suitable methods have to be found to reconstruct the missing data.
Daily in situ HS data from 126 nivo-meteorological stations in Switzerland in an altitudinal range of 230 to 2536 m above sea level are used to compare six different methods for reconstructing long gaps in manual HS time series by performing a “leave-one-winter-out” cross-validation in 21 winters at 33 evaluation stations. Synthetic gaps of one winter length are filled with bias-corrected data from the best-correlated neighboring station (BSC), inverse distance-weighted (IDW) spatial interpolation, a weighted normal ratio (WNR) method, elastic net (ENET) regression, random forest (RF) regression and a temperature index snow model (SM). Methods that use neighboring station data are tested in two station networks with different density.
The ENET, RF, SM and WNR methods are able to reconstruct missing data with a coefficient of determination (r2) above 0.8 regardless of the two station networks used. The median root mean square error (RMSE) in the filled winters is below 5 cm for all methods. The two annual climate indicators, average snow depth in a winter (HSavg) and maximum snow depth in a winter (HSmax), can be reproduced by ENET, RF, SM and WNR well, with r2 above 0.85 in both station networks. For the inter-station approaches, scores for the number of snow days with HS>1 cm (dHS1) are clearly weaker and, except for BCS, positively biased with RMSE of 18–33 d. SM reveals the best performance with r2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 15 d for dHS1.
Snow depth seems to be a relatively good-natured parameter when it comes to gap filling of HS data with neighboring stations in a climatological use case. However, when station networks get sparse and if the focus is set on dHS1, temperature index snow models can serve as a suitable alternative to classic inter-station gap filling approaches.
How biased are our models? – a case study of the alpine region
Authors: Degen Denise , Spooner Cameron , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Cacace Mauro
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Geophysical process simulations play a crucial role in the understanding of the subsurface. This understanding is required to provide, for instance, clean energy sources such as geothermal energy. However, the calibration and validation of the physical models heavily rely on state measurements such as temperature. In this work, we demonstrate that focusing analyses purely on measurements introduces a high bias. This is illustrated through global sensitivity studies. The extensive exploration of the parameter space becomes feasible through the construction of suitable surrogate models via the reduced basis method, where the bias is found to result from very unequal data distribution. We propose schemes to compensate for parts of this bias. However, the bias cannot be entirely compensated. Therefore, we demonstrate the consequences of this bias with the example of a model calibration.
The eWaterCycle platform for Open and FAIR Hydrological collaboration
Authors: Hut Rolf , Drost Niels , van de Giesen Nick , van Werkhoven Ben , Abdollahi Banafsheh , Aerts Jerom , Albers Thomas , Alidoost Fakhereh , Andela Bouwe , Camphuijsen Jaro , Dzigan Yifat , van Haren Ronald , Hutton Eric , Kalverla Peter , van Meersbergen Maarten , van den Oord Gijs , Pelupessy Inti , Smeets Stef , Verhoeven Stefan , de Vos Martine , Weel Berend
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Hutton (2016) argued that computational hydrology can only be a proper science if the hydrological community makes sure that hydrological model studies are executed and presented in a reproducible manner. We replied that to achieve this, hydrologists shouldn't ‘re-invent the water wheel’ but rather use existing technology from other fields (such as containers and ESMValTool) and open interfaces (such as BMI) to do their computational science (Hut, 2017). With this paper and the associated release of the eWaterCycle platform and software package1 we are putting our money where our mouth is and provide the hydrological community with a ‘FAIR by design’ platform to do our science. eWaterCycle is a platform that separates the experiment done on the model from the model code. In eWaterCycle hydrological models are accessed through a common interface (BMI) in Python and run inside of software containers. In this way all models are accessed in a similar manner facilitating easy switching of models, model comparison and model coupling. Currently the following models are available through eWaterCycle: PCR-GLOBWB 2.0, wflow, Hype, LISFLOOD, TopoFlex HBV, MARRMoT and WALRUS. While these models are written in different programming languages they can all be run and interacted with from the Jupyter notebook environment within eWaterCycle. Furthermore, the pre-processing of input data for these models has been streamlined by making use of ESMValTool. Forcing for the models available in eWaterCycle from well known datasets such as ERA5 can be generated with a single line of code. To illustrate the type of research that eWaterCycle facilitates this manuscript includes five case studies: from a simple ‘Hello World’ where only a hydrograph is generated to a complex coupling of models in different languages. In this manuscript we stipulate the design choices made in building eWaterCycle and provide all the technical details to understand and work with the platform. For system administrators who want to install eWaterCycle on their infrastructure we offer a separate installation guide. For computational hydologist who want to work with eWaterCycle we also provide a video explaining the platform from a users point of view. With the eWaterCycle platform we are providing the hydrological community with a platform to conduct their research fully compatible with the principles of Open Science as well as FAIR science.1available on Zenodo: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119389
Long-term trends in agricultural droughts over Netherlands and Germany: how extreme was the year 2018?
Authors: Huang Yafei , Weis Jonas , Vereecken Harry , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Droughts can have important impacts on environment and economy like in the year 2018 in parts of Europe. Droughts can be analyzed in terms of meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and social-economic drought. In this paper, we focus on meteorological and agricultural drought and analyzed drought trends for the period 1965–2019 and assessed how extreme the drought year 2018 was in Germany and the Netherlands. The analysis was made on the basis of the following drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized soil moisture index (SSI), potential precipitation deficit (PPD) and ET deficit. SPI and SSI were computed at two time scales, the period April-September and a 12-months period. In order to analyze drought trends and the ranking of the year 2018, HYDRUS 1-D simulations were carried out for 31 sites with long-term meteorological observations and soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration (ET) and actual ET were determined for five soil types (clay, silt, loam, sandy loam and loamy sand). The results show that the year 2018 was severely dry, which was especially related to the highest potential ET in the time series 1965–2019, for most of the sites. For around half of the 31 sites the year 2018 had the lowest SSI, and largest PPD and ET-deficit in the 1965–2019 time series, followed by 1976 and 2003. The trend analysis reveals that meteorological drought (SPI) hardly shows significant trends over 1965–2019 over the studied domain, but agricultural droughts (SSI) are increasing, at several sites significantly, and at even more sites PPD and ET deficit show significant trends. The increasing droughts over Germany and Netherlands are mainly driven by increasing potential ET and increasing vegetation water demand.
Analysis and compensation control of passive rotation on a 6-DOF electrically driven Stewart platform
Authors: Huang Qitao , Wang Peng , Li Bowen , Yang Qingjun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. With the development of motor control technology, the
electrically driven Stewart platform (EDSP), equipped with a ball screw
or lead screw, is being widely used as a motion simulator, end effector, and
vibration isolator. The motor drives the lead screw on each driven branch
chain to realize 6-DOF motion of the moving platform. The control loop of
the EDSP adopts the rotor position as a feedback signal from the encoder or
resolver on the motor. When the moving platform of the EDSP performs
translational or rotational motion, the lead screw on each driven branch
chain passively generates a relative rotation between its screw and nut in
addition to its original sliding motion. This type of passive rotation (PR)
of the lead screw does not disturb the motor; hence, it cannot be
detected by the position sensor attached to the corresponding motor. Thus,
the driven branch chains cause unexpected length changes because of PR. As a
result, the PR generates posture errors on the moving platform during
operation. In our research, the PR on the EDSP was modeled and analyzed
according to the geometry configuration of EDSP. Then, a control method to
compensate for the posture errors caused by the PR was proposed. Finally,
the effectiveness of the analysis process and compensation control method
were validated; the improvement in pose accuracy was confirmed both by
simulation and experiments.
Evolutionary pathways in soil-landscape evolution models
Authors: van der Meij W. Marijn
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Soils and landscapes can show complex, non-linear evolution, especially under changing climate or land use. Soil-landscape evolution models (SLEMs) are increasingly equipped to simulate the development of soils and landscapes over long timescales under these changing drivers, but provide large data output that can be difficult to interpret and communicate. New tools are required to analyse and communicate large model output. In this work, I show how spatial and temporal trends in previously published model results can be summarized and conceptualized with evolutionary pathways, which are possible trajectories of the development of soil patterns. Simulated differences in rainfall and land use control progressive or regressive soil development and convergence or divergence of the soil pattern. These changes are illustrated with real-world examples of soil development and soil complexity. The use of evolutionary pathways for analysing the results of SLEMs is not limited to the examples in this paper, but they can be used on a wide variety of soil properties, soil pattern statistics and models. With that, evolutionary pathways provide a promising tool to analyse and communicate soil model output, not only for studying past changes in soils, but also for evaluating future spatial and temporal effects of soil management practices in the context of sustainability.
Recovering and monitoring the thickness, density and elastic properties of sea ice from seismic noise recorded in Svalbard
Authors: Serripierri Agathe , Moreau Ludovic , Boue Pierre , Weiss Jérôme , Roux Philippe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Due to global warming, the decline in the Arctic sea ice has been accelerating over the last four decades, with a rate that was not anticipated by climate models. To improve these models, there is the need to rely on comprehensive field data. Seismic methods are known for their potential to estimate sea-ice thickness and mechanical properties with very good accuracy. However, with the hostile environment and logistical difficulties imposed by the polar regions, seismic studies have remained rare. Due to the rapid technological and methodological progress of the last decade, there has been a recent reconsideration of such approaches. This paper introduces a methodological approach for passive monitoring of both sea-ice thickness and mechanical properties. To demonstrate this concept, we use data from a seismic experiment where an array of 247 geophones was deployed on sea ice in a fjord at Svalbard, between March 1 and 24, 2019. From the continuous recording of the ambient seismic field, the empirical Green's function of the seismic waves guided in the ice layer was recovered via the so-called 'noise correlation function'. Using specific array processing, the multi-modal dispersion curves of the ice layer were calculated from the noise correlation function, and then inverted for the thickness and elastic properties of the sea ice via Bayesian inference. The evolution of sea-ice properties was monitored for 24 days, and values are consistent with the literature, as well as with measurements made directly in the field.
Calibration of basal melt on past ice discharge lowers projections of Antarctica’s sea level contribution
Authors: van der Linden Eveline C. , Le Bars Dewi , Lambert Erwin , Drijfhout Sybren
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Antarctic mass loss is the largest contributor to uncertainties in sea level projections on centennial timescales. In this study the contribution of Antarctica’s ice discharge to future sea level changes is computed with ocean thermal forcing from 14 earth system models and linear response functions from 16 ice sheet models for three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Different than in previous studies, basal melt was calibrated on observed Antarctic ice discharge rather than on basal melt itself with an iterative approach. For each model combination, a linear and quadratic melt dependency were calibrated both regionally (in five Antarctic sectors) and at the continental scale. Projections using all model combinations show that the variation in basal melt computation methods affect the projected sea level more than the scenario variations (SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5). After calibration, a high number of model pairs still underestimated ice discharge in hindcasts over 1979–2017. Therefore top 10 % best-performing model combinations were selected for each method. A comparison between these model selections shows that the quadratic melt parameterisation with Antarctic-wide calibration performs best in reproducing past ice discharge. We conclude that calibration of basal melt on past ice discharge combined with model selection makes projections of Antarctic ice discharge (more) consistent with observations over the past four decades. Moreover, calibration of basal melt on past ice discharge results in lower basal melt sensitivities and thus lower projections of Antarctica’s sea level contribution than estimates of previous multi-model studies.
Mouthbreather's gingivitis: A clinicopathologic review
Authors: Eslami Ahmad , Sadeghi Ezedin
Published: November 2021

As abstracted in General Dentristry, November/December, 1987.
Program evaluation in orofacial myology: Implications for monitoring patient improvement, profitability of service and marketing your practice
Authors: Keatley Mary , Coulson Sandra
Published: November 2021

Summary: The development of a management report format and the ongoing collection and analysis of patient outcome data validates basic theories in orofacial myology. Research in our field has advanced beyond the decriptive stage, but needs to be collected with an eye toward consistency of definitions, nomenclature and standards of measurement. With the epidemiological statistics from the World Health Organization (reporting that 70% of the pediatric population needs orthopedic or orthodontic care), objective documentation of information related to orofacial myofunctional disorders is important. The for­mat presented in this paper suggests a starting point for clinicians and researchers. By performing a retrospec­tive survey on 100 patients and comparing that data with previous research, we were able to determine areas where additional data collection would further substantiate the efficacy of oral myofunctional treatment. Although many of the variables surveyed showed comparable results to those documented in past research, the number of patients surveyed was frequently inadequate, complicating factors were not considered, and the results outside of the therapy session were not available.
BITNET: Implications and applications for orofacial myology
Authors:   Stephen F. Austin State University, Weber William , Weigel Kathleen , Stanley Elnita
Published: November 2021

The future is indeed now! Dental, speech pathology and orofacial myology associations have available to them an extremely useful and inexpensive communications tool which allows them to communicate with hundreds of training programs and professional associations in this country, Canada and other countries. It is unrestricted and open to professors, students and professionals. It is a swift, efficient way to share ideas, transmit manuscripts, collaborate on research, hold discussion groups and promote ongoing communications among professionals worldwide.
Comparison of the Exam Scores Obtained in Face-to-Face Education and Online Education by the Students of the Faculty of Dentistry
Authors: DUMAN Burcu , Demiroglu Cansu , Aydınbelge Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Purpose:The Covid-19 pandemic has affected our daily lives by affecting the whole world and caused our habits to change.One ofthe effects of the epidemic has been on education.With the spread of the epidemic, online education has become the only way to maintain the normal teaching order.In this case, it directly affects the quality of education received.The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a difference between the exam scores made face to face and online. Methods:Students who were 3rd grade in 2018-2019 and 4th grade in 2019-2020 academic year were included in the study.Thescores that these students got in the Pedodontics Theoretical Exam within two years were evaluated. Exam scores according to time were analyzed with Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Test. Results:In the 2019-2020 academic year, the median values of the scores obtained from the exams that took the first examface-to-face and the second and third exams online varied (p<0.001).The median values of the scores obtained in the online exams(median values of 90 and 95, respectively) (the mean values are 89.6±8.7, 93.8±9, respectively), the median values of the scores obtained from the theoretical exam (median 70, mean 67.2±18.1) was obtained higher.On the other hand ,it was observed that there was a significant increase between the scores obtained by the same students from the exams held face-to-face in the previous year(median 74, mean 74.1±7.1) and the scores they took from the online exams they obtained the next year (median 89, mean87.7±9.1)(p<0.001). Conclusion:The results of the exams made with the online system are higher than the exam scores performed face to face.Thismay be due to the insufficient control mechanisms of the online exam system.For this reason, online exam security measuresshould be increased.
La construcción de paz en Colombia: sin mujeres, no hay paz posible
Authors: Garrido Ortolá Anabel
Published: November 2021

La participación política de las mujeres en las negociaciones de paz en distintos países ha estado marcada por una historia de ausencias. Motivo por el cual el Consejo de Naciones Unidas aprobó la Resolución 1325 (2000) que insta a los países a contar con la participación de las mujeres en las mesas de negociación de paz. Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) siguen esta estela marcando entre sus objetivos de desarrollo la paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas y lograr la igualdad entre los géneros, empoderando a todas las mujeres y niñas. En esta línea, el presente artículo aborda la participación de las mujeres en las negociaciones de paz en Colombia: desde las primeras negociaciones en la década de los noventa hasta el último acuerdo entre el gobierno y las FARC-EP (2016). Esto permitirá evaluar cómo se están llevando a cabo las políticas públicas de construcción de paz desde el enfoque de género. Una implementación equitativa es imprescindible, porque de los aprendizajes sustraídos se evidencia que tan solo con ellas la construcción de paz será posible en Colombia.
La radicalización violenta de los jóvenes un reto en la construcción de sociedades seguras: una propuesta de tipología y escala de jóvenes vulnerables a procesos de radicalización violenta
Authors: Tamayo Sáez Manuel , Bazaga Fernández Isabel , Bermejo Casado Rut
Published: November 2021

El concepto de radicalización violenta está continuamente en revisión. Uno de los aspectos en discusión es la relevancia que tiene cada uno de los términos que lo componen: radicalización y violencia. Este trabajo bascula hacia el segundo término, intentando una aproximación al riesgo/vulnerabilidad a la radicalización violenta de los jóvenes desde la disposición de éstos a la violencia. El objetivo principal es explorar una tipología y una escala de jóvenes vulnerables a procesos de radicalización tomando como punto de partida la disposición de la juventud a la violencia. El interés de este ejercicio es segmentar el fenómeno de la radicalización violenta con objeto de diseñar políticas de prevención de la radicalización más efectivas. El colectivo estudiado es la población joven por ser el grupo de edad más vulnerable a los procesos de radicalización y sobre el que los efectos de las políticas pueden ser más eficaces y duraderos. Este colectivo y su predisposición a la violenta se estudia a partir de una encuesta on-line europea. Para la construcción de la tipología se utiliza el análisis de componentes principales y a partir de los tipos resultantes se diseña una escala de riesgo/vulnerabilidad a la radicalización violenta. Por último, se ilustra su utilidad con la sub-muestra de jóvenes españoles. La tipología y la escala de riesgo de radicalización o desarrollo de comportamientos violentos propuesta permite cambiar el punto de partida de las políticas de prevención de la radicalización violenta de la juventud y pasar el acento desde las ideologías políticas, religiosas y político-religiosas a las acciones, así proponer medidas y acciones de políticas que permitan enfocar el fenómeno de una manera diferente y holística. Se trata de un trabajo con un enfoque práctico y empírico que avanza en la clasificación de los jóvenes en riesgo o vulnerables a la radicalización violenta, además de proponer acciones y medidas de respuesta.
Gallery character of porous space in the STI-type zeolite structure
Authors: Stanimirova Tsveta , Kirov Georgi
Published: November 2021

The existence of a specific gallery type of zeolite framework is confirmed. It has been found that similar to HEU-type, STI-type framework can be represented as a layered structure in which two impermeable to water molecules and exchange cations aluminum-silicate layers, separated by diortho-groups, confined gallery-type of porous free space, which is available for extra-framework components migration in all directions in the plane of the interlayer.