bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Based Helichrysum italicum Extracts: Antioxidant and Cosmeceutical Activity and Biocompatibility
Authors: Jakupović Lejsa , Bačić Ivana , Jablan Jasna , Marguí Eva , Marijan Marijan , Inić Suzana , Nižić Nodilo Laura , Hafner Anita , Zovko Končić Marijana
Published: April 2023

Two Helichrysum italicum extracts, OPT-1 (rich in phenolic acids) and OPT-2 (rich in total phenols and flavonoids), were prepared using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)-assisted extraction. The prepared extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. GC-MS analysis of the extracts identified neryl acetate, neo-intermedeol, β-selinene, γ-curcumene, italidione I, and nerol as the main volatile components of the extracts, as well as plant sterols, γ-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. The antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and a carotene linoleic acid assay) and cosmeceutical (anti-hyaluronidase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-lipoxygenase, ovalbumin anti-coagulation, and a UV-absorption assay) activity of the extracts in most of the assays was better than the activity of the applied positive controls. Especially low were the IC50 values of the extracts in the anti-hyaluronidase (14.31 ± 0.29 μL extract/mL and 19.82 ± 1.53 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) and the anti-lipoxygenase (0.96 ± 0.11 μL extract/mL and 1.07 ± 0.01 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) assays. The extracts were non-toxic to HaCaT cells in concentrations of up to 62.5 µL extract/mL assuring their status as excellent candidates for cosmeceutical product development appropriate for direct use in cosmetic products without solvent evaporation.
Radical Scavenging Is Not Involved in Thymoquinone-Induced Cell Protection in Neural Oxidative Stress Models
Authors: Krewenka Christopher , Rizzi Sandra , Nguyen Chi Huu , Delijewski Marcin , Gille Lars , Staniek Katrin , Duvigneau Johanna Catharina , Radad Khaled , Müllebner Andrea , Kranner Barbara , Moldzio Rudolf
Published: April 2023

Thymoquinone (TQ), an active compound from Nigella sativa seeds, is often described as a pharmacologically relevant compound with antioxidative properties, while the synthesis of TQ in the plant via oxidations makes it inapplicable for scavenging radicals. Therefore, the present study was designed to reassess the radical scavenging properties of TQ and explore a potential mode of action. The effects of TQ were studied in models with mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress induced by rotenone in N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells and rotenone/MPP+ in primary mesencephalic cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase staining revealed that TQ significantly protected dopaminergic neurons and preserved their morphology under oxidative stress conditions. Quantification of the formation of superoxide radicals via electron paramagnetic resonance showed an initial increase in the level of superoxide radicals in the cell by TQ. Measurements in both cell culture systems revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential was tendentially lowered, while ATP production was mostly unaffected. Additionally, the total ROS levels were unaltered. In mesencephalic cell culture under oxidative stress conditions, caspase-3 activity was decreased when TQ was administered. On the contrary, TQ itself tremendously increased the caspase-3 activity in the neuroblastoma cell line. Evaluation of the glutathione level revealed an increased level of total glutathione in both cell culture systems. Therefore, the enhanced resistance against oxidative stress in primary cell culture might be a consequence of a lowered caspase-3 activity combined with an increased pool of reduced glutathione. The described anti-cancer ability of TQ might be a result of the pro-apoptotic condition in neuroblastoma cells. Our study provides evidence that TQ has no direct scavenging effect on superoxide radicals.
Influence of Surface Corona Discharge Process on Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Bio-Active Coating Applied onto PLA Films
Authors: Božović Ana , Tomašević Katarina , Benbettaieb Nasreddine , Debeaufort Frédéric
Published: April 2023

PLA (polylactic acid) is one of the three major biopolymers available on the market for food packaging, which is both bio-based and biodegradable. However, its performance as a barrier to gases remains too weak to be used for most types of food, particularly oxygen-sensitive foods. A surface treatment, such as coating, is a potential route for improving the barrier properties and/or providing bioactive properties such as antioxidants. Gelatin-based coating is a biodegradable and food-contact-friendly solution for improving PLA properties. The initial adhesion of gelatin to the film is successful, both over time and during production, however, the coating often delaminates. Corona processing (cold air plasma) is a new tool that requires low energy and no solvents or chemicals. It has been recently applied to the food industry to modify surface properties and has the potential to significantly improve gelatin crosslinking. The effect of this process on the functional properties of the coating, and the integrity of the incorporated active compounds were investigated. Two coatings have been studied, a control fish gelatin-glycerol, and an active one containing gallic acid (GA) as a natural antioxidant. Three powers of the corona process were applied on wet coatings. In the test conditions, there were no improvements in the gelatin crosslinking, but the corona did not cause any structural changes. However, when the corona and gallic acid were combined, the oxygen permeability was significantly reduced, while free radical scavenging, reduction, and chelating properties remained unaffected or slightly improved.
Recent Applications of Melanin-like Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents
Authors: Mavridi-Printezi Alexandra , Menichetti Arianna , Mordini Dario , Amorati Riccardo , Montalti Marco
Published: April 2023

Nanosized antioxidants are highly advantageous in terms of versatility and pharmacokinetics, with respect to conventional molecular ones. Melanin-like materials, artificial species inspired by natural melanin, combine recognized antioxidant (AOX) activity with a unique versatility of preparation and modification. Due to this versatility and documented biocompatibility, artificial melanin has been incorporated into a variety of nanoparticles (NP) in order to give new platforms for nanomedicine with enhanced AOX activity. In this review article, we first discuss the chemical mechanisms behind the AOX activity of materials in the context of the inhibition of the radical chain reaction responsible for the peroxidation of biomolecules. We also focus briefly on the AOX properties of melanin-like NP, considering the effect of parameters such as size, preparation methods and surface functionalization on them. Then, we consider the most recent and relevant applications of AOX melanin-like NPs that are able to counteract ferroptosis and be involved in the treatment of important diseases that affect, e.g., the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as the kidneys, liver and articulations. A specific section will be dedicated to cancer treatment, since the role of melanin in this context is still very debated. Finally, we propose future strategies in AOX development for a better chemical understanding of melanin-like materials. In particular, the composition and structure of these materials are still debated, and they present a high level of variability. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism behind the interaction of melanin-like nanostructures with different radicals and highly reactive species would be highly advantageous for the design of more effective and specific AOX nano-agents.
Investigation of the Photoinduced Antimicrobial Properties of N-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles under Visible-Light Irradiation on Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm
Authors: Kassalia Maria-Emmanouela , Chorianopoulos Nikos , Nychas George-John , Pavlatou Evangelia A.
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the photoinduced properties of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) against the Salmonella ser. Typhimurium bacterial biofilm, under visible-light irradiation. The capability of N-TiO2 nanoparticles working as multipurpose materials with antimicrobial applications, as well as environmental ones, was therefore investigated. The sol–gel method was used to synthesize N-TiO2 particles, which were then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis of surface area, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the particles formed were nano-sized and had the expected Ti-O bonds and the presence of elemental N. The as-produced N-TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial photocatalytic testing was performed under visible-light irradiation, on Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm. To form the biofilm, stainless steel (ss) coupons were incubated with three different strains of Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria for 48 h at 15 °C in tryptone soy broth (TSB). After the biofilm’s formation, the coupons were placed on a horizontal, rectangular, batch, equipped with a vis-LED irradiation source reactor in the presence of N-TiO2 NPs. After 1, 2, and 3 h of irradiation, sampling of the bacterial population was assessed. The results showed an evident inhibition of proliferation under light irradiation when the N-TiO2 was present, compared to the non-irradiated NPs. It is noteworthy that, during the first 2 h, the TiO2 NPs specimens tended to attract more bacteria on their surface then the control specimens, due to their higher available surface area, which worked as a shelter. There were ~6% viable (remaining) Salmonella cells after the first hour of visible-light irradiation with N-TiO2 NPs.
Formulation and Optimization of Repaglinide Nanoparticles Using Microfluidics for Enhanced Bioavailability and Management of Diabetes
Authors: Ahmad Mubashir , Khan Shahzeb , Shah Syed Muhammad Hassan , Zahoor Muhammad , Hussain Zahid , Hussain Haya , Shah Syed Wadood Ali , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal
Published: April 2023

The technologies for fabrication of nanocrystals have an immense potential to improve solubility of a variety of the poor water-soluble drugs with subsequent enhanced bioavailability. Repaglinide (Rp) is an antihyperglycemic drug having low bioavailability due to its extensive first-pass metabolism. Microfluidics is a cutting-edge technique that provides a new approach for producing nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled properties for a variety of applications. The current study’s goal was to engineer repaglinide smart nanoparticles (Rp-Nc) utilizing microfluidic technology (Dolomite Y shape), and then to perform in-vitro, in-vivo, and toxicity evaluations of them. This method effectively generated nanocrystals with average particle sizes of 71.31 ± 11 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.072 ± 12. The fabricated Rp’s crystallinity was verified by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). In comparison to the raw and commercially available tablets, the fabricated Rp’s nanoparticles resulted in a higher saturation solubility and dissolving rate (p < 0.05). Rp nanocrystals had a considerably lower (p < 0.05) IC50 value than that of the raw drug and commercial tablets. Moreover, Rp nanocrystals at the 0.5 and 1 mg/kg demonstrated a significant decrease in blood glucose level (mg/dL, p < 0.001, n = 8) compared to its counterparts. Rp nanocrystals at the 0.5 mg/kg demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.001, n = 8) in blood glucose compared to its counterparts at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The selected animal model’s histological analyses and the effect of Rp nanocrystals on several internal organs were determined to be equivalent to those of the control animal group. The findings of the present study indicated that nanocrystals of Rp with improved anti-diabetic properties and safety profiles can be successfully produced using controlled microfluidic technology, an innovative drug delivery system (DDS) approach.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Basis and Rationale for Their Use in Clinical Practice
Authors: Lasorsa Francesco , di Meo Nicola Antonio , Rutigliano Monica , Milella Martina , Ferro Matteo , Pandolfo Savio Domenico , Crocetto Felice , Tataru Octavian Sabin , Autorino Riccardo , Battaglia Michele , Ditonno Pasquale , Lucarelli Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women worldwide. There is plenty of evidence about the role of the immune system in surveillance against tumors. Thanks to a better understanding of immunosurveillance mechanisms, immunotherapy has been introduced as a promising cancer treatment in recent years. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has long been thought chemoresistant but highly immunogenic. Considering that up to 30% of the patients present metastatic disease at diagnosis, and around 20–30% of patients undergoing surgery will suffer recurrence, we need to identify novel therapeutic targets. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the clinical management of RCC has revolutionized the therapeutic approach against this tumor. Several clinical trials have shown that therapy with ICIs in combination or ICIs and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor has a very good response rate. In this review article we summarize the mechanisms of immunity modulation and immune checkpoints in RCC and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies in renal cancer treatment.
Rapamycin Affects the Hippocampal SNARE Complex to Alleviate Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Surgery in Aged Rats
Authors: Kang Ning , Han Xiaoguang , Li Zhengqian , Liu Taotao , Mi Xinning , Li Yue , Guo Xiangyang , Han Dengyang , Yang Ning
Published: April 2023

Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a common complication that occurs post-surgery, especially in elderly individuals. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex plays an essential role in various membrane fusion events, such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis and autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Although SNARE complex dysfunction has been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, the causal link between SNARE-mediated membrane fusion and dNCR remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that surgical stimuli caused cognitive impairment in aged rats by inducing α-synuclein accumulation, inhibiting autophagy, and disrupting neurotransmitter release in hippocampal synaptosomes. Here, we evaluated the effects of propofol anesthesia plus surgery on learning and memory and investigated levels of SNARE proteins and chaperones in hippocampal synaptosomes. Aged rats that received propofol anesthesia and surgery exhibited learning and memory impairments in a Morris water maze test and decreased levels of synaptosome-associated protein 25, synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, and syntaxin 1. Levels of SNARE chaperones, including mammalian uncoordinated-18, complexins 1 and 2, cysteine string protein-α, and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, were all significantly decreased following anesthesia with surgical stress. However, the synaptic vesicle marker synaptophysin was unaffected. The autophagy-enhancer rapamycin attenuated structural and functional disturbances of the SNARE complex and ameliorated disrupted neurotransmitter release. Our results indicate that perturbations of SNARE proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes may underlie the occurrence of dNCR. Moreover, the protective effect of rapamycin may partially occur through recovery of SNARE structural and functional abnormalities. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying dNCR.
Acute Tongue Swelling as a Still Unexpected Manifestation of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection: A Case Report
Authors: Pawlukowska Wioletta , Mross Krystian , Jankowska Marta , Zwarzany Łukasz , Poncyljusz Wojciech , Masztalewicz Marta
Published: April 2023

The diagnosis of internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) at the stage of local signs is essential in the prevention of the life-treating cerebral complication; however, making this diagnosis has significant difficulties. We present the case of a 36-year-old female with left ICAD with asymmetric left-sided tongue swelling as an unusual and still unexpected symptom. The patient’s complaints at admission were left-sided numbness of the tongue and swallowing difficulties but its movements were intact. Despite the provided treatment for suspected angioedema, no improvement was noted. Additional examination revealed left-sided tongue weakness, ipsilateral soft palate palsy, paralysis and reduced tension of the left vocal fold, and left-sided Horner’s syndrome. Another suspected diagnosis was a dysfunction of the IX, X, and XII cranial nerves. A head MRI revealed an intramural hematoma of the left internal carotid artery. The radiologists suggested ICAD. The angio-MRI of the head arteries confirmed this diagnosis. The patient received dual antiplatelet therapy. The neuro-logopaedic therapy was also implemented. Currently, the patient’s symptoms are gradually improving with significantly better results on follow-up neuroimaging. Among the possible local symptoms of ICAD, proper attention should be paid to asymmetric swelling of the tongue as an atypical manifestation of damage to the hypoglossal nerve.
Cervical Proprioception Assessed through Targeted Head Repositioning: Validation of a Clinical Test Based on Optoelectronic Measures
Authors: Cerina Valeria , Tesio Luigi , Malloggi Chiara , Rota Viviana , Caronni Antonio , Scarano Stefano
Published: April 2023

Neck proprioception is commonly assessed with head repositioning tests. In such a test, an operator rotates the head of a blindfolded individual to a target position. After returning to the rest position, the participant actively repositions the head to the target. Joint Position Error (JPE) is the angular difference between the target angle (however oriented in a 3D space) and the actively reached positions (the smaller the difference, the better the proprioception). This study aimed to validate a head-to-target (HTT) repositioning test using an optoelectronic system for also measuring the components of the JPE in the horizontal, frontal, and sagittal planes. The head movements requested by the operator consisted of 30° left-right rotations and 25° flexion-extension. The operators or subjects could not obtain these movements without modest rotations in other planes. Two operators were involved. Twenty-six healthy participants (13 women) were recruited (mean (SD): 33.4 (6.3) years). The subjects’ JPE in the requested (intended) plane of motion (JPEint-component) was a few degrees only and smaller for flexion-extensions than for left-right rotations (right rotation: 5.39° (5.29°); left rotation: 5.03° (4.51°), extension: 1.79° (3.94°); flexion: 0.54° (4.35°)). Participants’ average error in unintended planes was around 1° or less. Inter-operator consistency and agreement were high. The smallest detectable change, at p < 0.05, for JPEint-component ranged between 4.5° and 6.98°. This method of optoelectronic measurement in HTT repositioning tests provides results with good metric properties, fostering application to clinical studies.
Pushing the Limits of Surgical Resection in Colorectal Liver Metastasis: How Far Can We Go?
Authors: Calderon Novoa Francisco , Ardiles Victoria , de Santibañes Eduardo , Pekolj Juan , Goransky Jeremias , Mazza Oscar , Sánchez Claria Rodrigo , de Santibañes Martín
Published: April 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and up to 50% of all patients diagnosed will develop metastatic disease. Management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has been constantly improving, aided by newer and more effective chemotherapy agents and the use of multidisciplinary teams. However, the only curative treatment remains surgical resection of the CRLM. Although survival for surgically resected patients has shown modest improvement, this is mostly because of the fact that what is constantly evolving is the indication for resection. Surgeons are constantly pushing the limits of what is considered resectable or not, thus enhancing and enlarging the pool of patients who can be potentially benefited and even cured with aggressive surgical procedures. There are a variety of procedures that have been developed, which range from procedures to stimulate hepatic growth, such as portal vein embolization, two-staged hepatectomy, or the association of both, to technically challenging procedures such as simultaneous approaches for synchronous metastasis, ex-vivo or in-situ perfusion with total vascular exclusion, or even liver transplant. This article reviewed the major breakthroughs in liver surgery for CRLM, showing how much has changed and what has been achieved in the field of CRLM.
α-Mangostin Promotes In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of Androgen Receptor and AR-V7 Splice Variant in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Nauman Mirielle C. , Won Jong Hoon , Petiwala Sakina M. , Vemu Bhaskar , Lee Hyun , Sverdlov Maria , Johnson Jeremy J.
Published: April 2023

A major limitation of current prostate cancer pharmacotherapy approaches is the inability of these compounds to target androgen receptor variants or mutants that develop during prostate cancer progression. The demand for novel therapeutics to prevent, slow, and treat prostate cancer is significant because FDA approved anti-androgens are associated with adverse events and can eventually drive drug-resistant prostate cancer. This study evaluated α-mangostin for its novel ability to degrade the androgen receptor and androgen receptor variants. α-Mangostin is one of more than 70 isoprenylated xanthones isolated from Garcinia mangostana that we have been evaluating for their anticancer potential. Prostate cancer cells treated with α-mangostin exhibited decreased levels of wild-type and mutated androgen receptors. Immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and transfection experiments demonstrated that the androgen receptor was ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded via the proteasome, which we hypothesize occurs with the assistance of BiP, an ER chaperone protein that we have shown to associate with the androgen receptor. We also evaluated α-mangostin for its antitumor activity and promotion of androgen receptor degradation in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that androgen receptor degradation occurs through the novel activation of BiP and suggests a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
NMR-Metabolomics Reveals a Metabolic Shift after Surgical Resection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Derveaux Elien , Geubbelmans Melvin , Criel Maarten , Demedts Ingel , Himpe Ulrike , Tournoy Kurt , Vercauter Piet , Johansson Erik , Valkenborg Dirk , Vanhove Karolien , Mesotten Liesbet , Adriaensens Peter , Thomeer Michiel
Published: April 2023

Background: Lung cancer can be detected by measuring the patient’s plasma metabolomic profile using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This NMR-based plasma metabolomic profile is patient-specific and represents a snapshot of the patient’s metabolite concentrations. The onset of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes a change in the metabolite profile. However, the level of metabolic changes after complete NSCLC removal is currently unknown. Patients and methods: Fasted pre- and postoperative plasma samples of 74 patients diagnosed with resectable stage I-IIIA NSCLC were analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra (s = 222) representing two preoperative and one postoperative plasma metabolite profile at three months after surgical resection were obtained for all patients. In total, 228 predictors, i.e., 228 variables representing plasma metabolite concentrations, were extracted from each NMR spectrum. Two types of supervised multivariate discriminant analyses were used to train classifiers presenting a strong differentiation between the pre- and postoperative plasma metabolite profiles. The validation of these trained classification models was obtained by using an independent dataset. Results: A trained multivariate discriminant classification model shows a strong differentiation between the pre- and postoperative NSCLC profiles with a specificity of 96% (95% CI [86–100]) and a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI [81–98]). Validation of this model results in an excellent predictive accuracy of 90% (95% CI [77–97]) and an AUC value of 0.97 (95% CI [0.93–1]). The validation of a second trained model using an additional preoperative control sample dataset confirms the separation of the pre- and postoperative profiles with a predictive accuracy of 93% (95% CI [82–99]) and an AUC value of 0.97 (95% CI [0.93–1]). Metabolite analysis reveals significantly increased lactate, cysteine, asparagine and decreased acetate levels in the postoperative plasma metabolite profile. Conclusions: The results of this paper demonstrate that surgical removal of NSCLC generates a detectable metabolic shift in blood plasma. The observed metabolic shift indicates that the NSCLC metabolite profile is determined by the tumor’s presence rather than donor-specific features. Furthermore, the ability to detect the metabolic difference before and after surgical tumor resection strongly supports the prospect that NMR-generated metabolite profiles via blood samples advance towards early detection of NSCLC recurrence.
Global Environmental Health Impacts of Rare Earth Metals: Insights for Research and Policy Making in Africa
Authors: Oladipo Habeebullah Jayeola , Tajudeen Yusuf Amuda , Taiwo Emmanuel O. , Muili Abdulbasit Opeyemi , Yusuf Rashidat Onyinoyi , Jimoh Sarat Ayomide , Oladipo Muhammad Kamaldeen , Oladunjoye Iyiola Olatunji , Egbewande Oluwaseyi Muyiwa , Sodiq Yusuff Inaolaji , Ahmed Abdulhakeem Funsho , El-Sherbini Mona Said
Published: April 2023

The rise of globalization and industrialization has driven the demand for rare earth metals (REMs). These metals are widely used in various sectors of the global economy with various applications in medicine, renewable energy, electronics, agriculture, and the military. REMs are likely to remain an important part of our global future, and, as production increases, areas contaminated by REMs are expected to expand over the coming decades. Thus, triggering significant adverse environmental, animal, and human health impacts. Despite increased attention on REMs outside China in recent years, there are limited studies exploring REM production, deposits, and associated health impacts in the African context. Proper mine management, adequate safety protocols, sustainable processing methods, and waste handling systems have been identified and proposed globally; however, the nature and scale of implementing these management protocols on the African continent have been less clear. Therefore, planetary health-centered solutions are urgently needed to be undertaken by researchers, policy makers, and non-governmental actors in Africa and across the globe. This is with the overarching aim of ensuring eco-friendly alternatives and public health consciousness on REM exploitations and hazards for future generations to come.
Bone Turnover Marker for the Evaluation of Skeletal Remodelling in Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Horváth Máté , Horváth Orsolya , Kassa Csaba , Kertész Gabriella , Goda Vera , Hau Lidia , Stréhn Anita , Kállay Krisztián , Kriván Gergely
Published: April 2023

Background: Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a rare genetic disorder of bone metabolism, primarily affecting the remodelling function of osteoclasts. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first-line treatment for ARO. Traditional tools for the assessment of therapeutic response, such as measuring donor chimerism, do not provide information on bone remodelling. The use of bone turnover markers (BTMs) might be ideal. Here, we report a case of a paediatric ARO patient undergoing successful HSCT. Methods: For the evaluation of donor-derived osteoclast activity and skeletal remodelling throughout the transplantation, the bone resorption marker β-CTX (β-C-terminal telopeptide) was used. Results: The low baseline level of β-CTX markedly increased after transplantation and remained in the elevated range even after 3 months. Donor-derived osteoclast activity reached its new baseline level around the 50th percentile range after 5 months and proved to be stable during the 15-month follow-up time. The apparent increase of the baseline osteoclast activity after HSCT was in consonance with the radiographic improvement of the disease phenotype and the correction of bone metabolic parameters. Despite the successful donor-derived osteoclast recovery, craniosynostosis developed, and reconstructive surgery had to be performed. Conclusions: The use of β-CTX may be of aid in assessing osteoclast activity throughout the transplantation. Further studies could help to establish the extended BTM profile of ARO patients using the available osteoclast- and osteoblast-specific markers.
Direct 3D-Printed Orthodontic Retainers. A Systematic Review
Authors: Tsoukala Efthimia , Lyros Ioannis , Tsolakis Apostolos I. , Maroulakos Michael P. , Tsolakis Ioannis A.
Published: April 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has shed light on many fields in medicine and dentistry, including orthodontics. Direct 3D-printed prosthetics, implants or surgical devices are well-documented. The fabrication of orthodontic retainers using CAD technology and additive manufacturing is an emerging trend but the available data are scarce. The research approach of the present review included keywords in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to December 2022. The searching process concluded with five studies eligible for our project. Three of them investigated directly 3D-printed clear retainers in vitro. The other two studies investigated directly 3D-printed fixed retainers. Among them, one study was in vitro and the second was a prospective clinical trial. Directly 3D-printed retainers can be evolved over time as a good alternative to all the conventional materials for retention. Devices that are 3D-printed are more time and cost efficient, offer more comfortable procedures for both practitioners and patients and the materials used in additive manufacturing can solve aesthetic problems, periodontal issues or problems with the interference of these materials with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). More well-designed prospective clinical trials are necessary for more evaluable results.
Scientific Evidence for the Effectiveness of Mangrove Forests in Reducing Floods and Associated Hazards in Coastal Areas
Authors: Ihinegbu Christopher , Mönnich Stefan , Akukwe Thecla
Published: April 2023

The evidence for the capacity of mangrove forests for coastal protection gained more importance within the recent decade because of important international agreements, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. However, the degree to which researchers agree on the capacity of mangroves to reduce coastal hazards is not fully established. This study employed a multilevel review process that selected 45 peer-reviewed articles for detailed analysis. Significant findings revealed a strong agreement amongst scientific literature on the benefits of mangrove forests in reducing coastal hazards. However, findings also revealed the dominance of single-discipline research, and less representation of countries in Africa and South America. Limitations in sampled studies highlight the limited number of global studies conducted on mangrove forests’ effectiveness in attenuating coastal hazards, and the limited representation of development and disaster studies. It is recommended that future research on mangrove forests and their coastal hazard reduction capacity should explore multidisciplinary approaches, and synergies in fieldwork and simulation methods while considering possible future climate change situations.
Potential of Graphene-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces for Dental Implantology: Systematic Review
Authors: Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Malcangi Giuseppina , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Mancini Antonio , Palmieri Giulia , Di Pede Chiara , Piras Fabio , Inchingolo Francesco , Dipalma Gianna , Patano Assunta
Published: April 2023

Titanium is the most frequently employed material in implantology, because of its high degree of biocompatibility. The properties of materials are crucial for osteointegration; therefore, great effort from researchers has been devoted to improving the capabilities of titanium implant surfaces. In this context, graphene oxide represents a promising nanomaterial because of its exceptional physical and chemical qualities. Many authors in recent years have concentrated their research on the use of graphene in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, antimicrobial materials, and implants. According to recent studies, graphene coatings may considerably increase osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro by the regulation of FAK/P38 signaling pathway, and can encourage the osteointegration of dental implants in vivo. However, further studies, especially on human subjects, are necessary to validate these potential applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of graphene on bone metabolism and the advantages of its use in implantology. A systematic review of literature was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, and the articles investigating the role of graphene to functionalize dental implant surfaces and his interactions with the host tissue were analyzed.
Effect of the Annealing Conditions on the Strain Responses of Lead-Free (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaZrO3 Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Wang Zhe , Zhao Jinyan , Ren Wei
Published: April 2023

Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT)–based thin films have attracted large attention for the production of modern precise micro–devices due to their outstanding strain responses. However, obtaining good electrical properties and low leakage current in BNT-based thin films is still a great challenge. In this work, 0.945(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.055BaZrO3 (BNT–5.5BZ) thin films were deposited by the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method and annealed under two different conditions. This work describes a careful research study on the influence of the annealing conditions on the crystalline structure, morphology, and electrical performance of the BNT–5.5BZ thin films. The films exhibited a dense structure and excellent electrical properties following an optimized thermal treatment process. An ultra–high strain response of 1.5% with a low dielectric loss of ~0.03 was obtained in the BNT–5.5BZ thin films after post-annealing in an O2 atmosphere. The results of this work show that the enhanced strain response was mainly due to a reversible field-induced phase transition between the ferroelectric phase and the relaxation state. The post-annealing treatment is an effective method to optimize the electrical properties of BNT–based films, providing many opportunities for the application of ferroelectric devices.
How to Combat Over-Testing for Patients Suspected of Pulmonary Embolism: A Narrative Review
Authors: Roy Pierre-Marie , Moumneh Thomas , Bizouard Thomas , Duval Damien , Douillet Delphine
Published: April 2023

The diagnosis of PE remains difficult in 2023 because the signs and symptoms are not sensible nor specific. The consequences of potential diagnostic errors can be dramatic, whether by default or by excess. Furthermore, the achievement of a simple diagnostic strategy, based on clinical probability assessment, D-dimer measurement and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) leads to a new challenge for PE diagnosis: over-testing. Indeed, since the 2000s, the wide availability of CTPA resulted in a major increase in investigations with a mod I confirm erate increase in PE diagnosis, without any notable improvement in patient outcomes. Quite the contrary, the complications of anticoagulation for PE increased significantly, and the long-term consequences of imaging diagnostic radiation is an important concern, especially the risk of breast cancer for young women. As a result, several strategies have been proposed to fight over-testing. They are mostly based on defining a subgroup of patients for whom no specific exam should be required to rule-out PE and adjusting the D-dimer cutoff to allow the exclusion of PE without performing CTPA. This narrative review presents the advantages and limitations of these different strategies as well as the perspective in PE diagnosis.
Hybrid Granularities Transformer for Fine-Grained Image Recognition
Authors: Yu Ying , Wang Jinghui
Published: April 2023

Many current approaches for image classification concentrate solely on the most prominent features within an image, but in fine-grained image recognition, even subtle features can play a significant role in model classification. In addition, the large variations in the same class and small differences between different categories that are unique to fine-grained image recognition pose a great challenge for the model to extract discriminative features between different categories. Therefore, we aim to present two lightweight modules to help the network discover more detailed information in this paper. (1) Patches Hidden Integrator (PHI) module randomly selects patches from images and replaces them with patches from other images of the same class. It allows the network to glean diverse discriminative region information and prevent over-reliance on a single feature, which can lead to misclassification. Additionally, it does not increase the training time. (2) Consistency Feature Learning (CFL) aggregates patch tokens from the last layer, mining local feature information and fusing it with the class token for classification. CFL also utilizes inconsistency loss to force the network to learn common features in both tokens, thereby guiding the network to focus on salient regions. We conducted experiments on three datasets, CUB-200-2011, Stanford Dogs, and Oxford 102 Flowers. We achieved experimental results of 91.6%, 92.7%, and 99.5%, respectively, achieving a competitive performance compared to other works.
The Effect of Boost Coil and Alignment of Transmitting and Receiving Coils on Transmission Efficiency in EV Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Authors: Choi Young-Kuk , Lee Don-Jung , Park Sung-Jun
Published: April 2023

As the electric vehicle (EV) market continues to grow, wireless charging technologies are constantly evolving. Considering the limitations of traditional charging methods, the adoption of wireless charging technology is an essential strategy, and the distribution of wireless charging systems is expected to accelerate in the global market with initiatives such as international standards for wireless charging systems. With regard to this technological trend, this study experimentally analyzed the effects of the boost coil and the alignment of the transmitting and receiving coils on the transmission efficiency in wireless power transfer systems. The boost coil amplifies the magnetic field using a high-frequency signal and transfers the field to the receiving coil. Moreover, simulations were conducted based on the theory that using the boost coil could increase the efficiency of wireless power transfer, and the impact of the alignment between the transmitting and receiving coils on the transmission efficiency was also analyzed.
Litsea Males Are Better Adapted to Pb Stress Than Females by Modulating Photosynthesis and Pb Subcellular Distribution
Authors: Li Simeng , Wang Qinyi , Li Wenjun , Yang Yan , Jiang Lijuan
Published: April 2023

Litsea cubeba Pers., a dioecious species, is an important tree species for the bioenergy industry with great potential for lead (Pb)-polluted soil phytoremediation. However, the sex-specific morphological and physiological characteristics of L. cubeba under Pb stress remain largely unknown. In this study, L. cubeba was used as a study model to identify sex differences in leaf traits, chlorophyll, photosynthetic gas parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, Pb subcellular distribution, and photosynthesis-related nutrient contents in chloroplasts and cell nuclei under three different Pb concentrations [0 (CK), 1 (P1), 2 (P2), and 3 (P3) mmol/kg]. The results indicate that Pb stress significantly decreases photosynthetic leaf pigments in both sexes, mainly caused by changes in Ca, Mg, and Mn contents. Furthermore, L. cubeba male plants exhibited greater adaptability to Pb stress by enlarging their leaf area, enhancing photosynthesis and excess light energy in the form of heat dissipation when compared to female plants. Notably, we observed that more Pb reached the organelle fraction and damaged chloroplasts and mitochondria in female leaves under high-level Pb treatments compared to those of the opposite sex. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that Pb stress could significantly up-regulate more genes involved in photosynthetic antenna proteins and photosynthesis pathways in male leaves than in female leaves. Taken together, L. cubeba male plants are clearly more resistant to Pb toxicity than female plants—at least under the described Pb treatments—which is most likely due to differences in Pb allocation. This research offers a theoretical foundation for the utilization of male and female L. cubeba as suitable plants for the remediation of Pb-polluted soil.
Adsorption of Precursors on Substrates in the Presence of scCO2 for the Synthesis of Supported Metallic Nanoparticles: Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Crone Marlene , Türk Michael
Published: April 2023

Supercritical fluid reactive deposition is an environmentally friendly technique for the synthesis of supported mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles. Experimental results show that the adsorption of a precursor on a substrate is the crucial process step that controls the loading and the size of the deposited metal nanoparticles. In this review, an overview of experimental and modeling work is given and selected experimental data were correlated with the following adsorption isotherm models: Henry, Freundlich, Langmuir, Toth, and Langmuir–Freundlich equations. As a result, in the case of precursors with a low CO2 solubility and therewith low uptake, the adsorption behavior can be described with sufficient accuracy by the Henry approach. Furthermore, the Freundlich and Langmuir equations enable sufficiently accurate descriptions of the experimental data. In the end, strategies for overcoming the knowledge gaps for essential future research directions are suggested.
Research Progress of Nitrite Metabolism in Fermented Meat Products
Authors: Shen Qiyuan , Zeng Xiaoqun , Kong Lingyu , Sun Xiaoqian , Shi Jingjing , Wu Zhen , Guo Yuxing , Pan Daodong
Published: April 2023

Nitrite is a common color and flavor enhancer in fermented meat products, but its secondary amines may transfer to the carcinogen N-nitrosamines. This review focuses on the sources, degradation, limitations, and alteration techniques of nitrite. The transition among NO3− and NO2−, NH4+, and N2 constitutes the balance of nitrogen. Exogenous addition is the most common source of nitrite in fermented meat products, but it can also be produced by contamination and endogenous microbial synthesis. While nitrite is degraded by acids, enzymes, and other metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), four nitrite reductase enzymes play a leading role. At a deeper level, nitrite metabolism is primarily regulated by the genes found in these bacteria. By incorporating antioxidants, chromogenic agents, bacteriostats, LAB, or non-thermal plasma sterilization, the amount of nitrite supplied can be decreased, or even eliminated. Finally, the aim of producing low-nitrite fermented meat products is expected to be achieved.
Effect of Adding Bovine Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates on Antioxidant Properties, Texture, and Color in Chicken Meat Processing
Authors: Nuñez Suleivys M. , Cárdenas Constanza , Valencia Pedro , Pinto Marlene , Silva Javier , Pino-Cortés Ernesto , Almonacid Sergio
Published: April 2023

(1) Background: Phosphates are used in the food industry to improve water retention and product quality. However, when consumed in excess, they can be harmful to health. Instead, bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates present health benefits such as being a rejuvenating agent, stimulating collagen production, and improving food quality, in addition to being a source of protein. The effect of the addition of bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates on the texture and color of thermally processed chicken meat (boiled type) and antioxidant activity was evaluated. (2) Methods: Hydrolysates were prepared with subtilisin with the degree of hydrolysis being 6.57 and 13.14%, which were obtained from our previous study. (3) Results: The hydrolysates improved the firmness of the meat matrix compared to the control. Additionally, the hydrolysate with a 13.14% degree of hydrolysis reached the same firmness (p > 0.05) as the commercial ingredient sodium tripolyphosphate at its maximum limit allowed in the food industry when it was applied at 5% (w/w meat) in the meat matrix, improving firmness over the control by 63%. Furthermore, both hydrolysates reached a similar color difference to sodium tripolyphosphate at its maximum allowed limit when applied at a concentration of 2% (w/w meat). Additionally, it was found that these hydrolysates obtained the same antioxidant activity as sodium tripolyphosphate, capturing free radicals at 10%. (4) Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that bovine skin gelatin hydrolysates can be applied as an ingredient with functional properties, being an alternative to phosphates to improve the quality of meat products.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles of Citrus limon Extract Embedded in Nanohydrogel Formulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Baloch Hadia , Siddiqua Aisha , Nawaz Asif , Latif Muhammad Shahid , Zahra Syeda Qurbat , Alomar Suliman Yousef , Ahmad Naushad , Elsayed Tarek M.
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to synthesize non-noxious, clean, reliable, and green sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) from Citrus limon leaves. The synthesized SNPs were used to analyze particle size, zeta potential, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and ATR-FTIR. The prepared SNPs exhibited a globule size of 55.32 ± 2.15 nm, PDI value of 0.365 ± 0.06, and zeta potential of −12.32 ± 0.23 mV. The presence of SNPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy in the range of 290 nm. The SEM image showed that the particles were spherical with a size of 40 nm. The ATR-FTIR study showed no interaction, and all the major peaks were preserved in the formulations. An antimicrobial and antifungal study of SNPs was carried out against Gram-positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Bacillus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Bordetella), and fungal strains (Candida albicans). The study showed that Citrus limon extract SNPs exhibited better antimicrobial and antifungal activities against Staph. aureus, Bacillus, E. coli, Bordetella, and Candida albicans at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/mL. Different antibiotics were used alone and in combination with SNPs of Citrus limon extract to evaluate their activity against various strains of bacteria and fungal strains. The study showed that using SNPs of Citrus limon extract with antibiotics has a synergistic effect against Staph.aureus, Bacillus, E. coli, Bordetella, and Candida albicans. SNPs were embedded in nanohydrogel formulations for in vivo (wound healing) studies. In preclinical studies, SNPs of Citrus limon extract embedded within a nanohydrogel formulation (NHGF4) have shown promising results. To be widely used in clinical settings, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety and efficacy in human volunteers.