bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Rock Contact Lithology of the Nanggulan Formation with the Magnetic Method in the Hargorejo Area of Kulon Progo
Authors: Fatimah F , Rizqi A F
Published: November 2023

The Nanggulan Formation is a formation unit consisting of sandstone, clay, and other sedimentary rocks. Lithological contact between clay and geologically old andesite could indicate an avalanche. The magnetic method in collecting data uses a natural magnetic source with a proton magnetometer. Acquisition data was determined according to the survey design, namely a grid with a distance of 250 meters per point. Data processing to remove noise data, namely noise from magnetic storms, position and altitude, and other natural disturbances. Later, Processing will produce a magnetic anomaly map, which must be separated between local and regional anomalies. This local anomaly will later form the basis for 2.5-dimensional modeling. This 2.5-dimensional modeling can get an overview of lithology, relationships between lithologies, and rock contacts according to the geological model in the field. The modeling results can describe the relationship between the claystone of the Nanggulan Formation and the igneous rocks of the Old Andesite Formation. Its relationship claystone is overlapping Andesite rocks in the Horgorejo Kulon Progo area. This can cause soil movement and landslides if the Andesite rocks experience massive weathering and erosion and if rainfall is high.
The Implementation of STEM-Integrated Project-Based Learning Model on Renewable Energy Topic Through a Windmill Simulation
Authors: Azis K R , Handayani R D , Lesmono A D
Published: November 2023

The depletion of conventional energy sources requires human innovations related to renewable energy. Unfortunately, learning about renewable energy, especially in Indonesia, is only theoretical with teacher-centered learning. The learning should be student-centered as a future generation must be ready for all the changes and demands of the 21st-century era. This study aims to describe the process of implementing the STEM-integrated PjBL model on renewable energy issues through windmill simulation. The research was conducted in a High School in Jember Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a single case study approach. The results showed that the stages in STEM-integrated PjBL, including teacher introduction, objectives, connections, well-defined outcomes, materials, engagement, exploration, explanation, extension, and evaluation, are very suitable for implementation in high school, especially renewable energy. STEM-integrated PjBL can be conducted to make students more active in the learning process.
Analysis of Changes in Modulation Parameters on Optical Communication System
Authors: Laila N N , Fadhilah N , Mutawakkillah N , Dzulkiflih
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the NRZ-OOK modulation format in free-space optical communication. Simulations were conducted to examine the influence of the SpS parameter and optical signal power at the input modulator on the average power of the modulated optical signal. The research employed a computer simulation approach, where the optical signal was transmitted through an optical path without cables, enabling fast data transmission and longer distances compared to wired media. The method used specifically uses a machine learning-based application, Python. The simulation results indicate that higher SpS values result in a more accurate and smoother optical signal representation. Furthermore, an increase in the optical signal power at the input modulator increases the average power of the modulated optical signal. However, negative optical power values do not hold any relevant physical meaning. The magnitude of the Pi_dBm value also affects the optical signal spectrum, with higher optical power generating more robust frequency components. Graphs with negative optical power exhibit significant noise due to distortion and non-linearity. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the influence of these parameters in the NRZ-OOK modulation format for free-space optical communication.
Continual Advance in Earth Physics Research Group at Physics Study Program, Unesa: What’s new and the next step
Authors: Prastowo T , Madlazim  , Realita A , Fahmi M N
Published: November 2023

Earth Physics Research Group (EPRG) is one of three groups of research running at Physics Study Program, the State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, where a number of research projects with corresponding topics have been conducted (and some are in progress) by the group members and associated students having final projects in the field of earth physics since 2018. Whereas the research roadmap of the group has been presented in association with definitive research projects for 25 years long starting from 2011, the specific goal of this paper is to shortly summarise all academic achievement in terms of research performance made by the group members during the last five years. The majority of the recent works was mainly based on computational work, where some were completed in collaboration with researchers from other universities and a national agency and others were performed by the group members and selected students. The topics were spread across disciplines in earth physics that included tectonic earthquakes, tsunami generation and propagation of seismic and non-seismic origin, volcanic eruptions and an integrated disaster mitigation study. A small portion of the projects were performed using a chosen method of applied geophysics. These studies have ended up with publications in recent years, where the saline points of the key findings are here presented. Future studies focusing on vulnerability to earthquake hazards in the northern areas of Java and on volcanic and meteo-tsunamis are also discussed in the context of possible tsunamis induced by seismic sources or volcanic processes.
Analysis of Effect of Input Power and RF Optical Signal Rate on Optical Communication System with OOK-NRZ Modulation
Authors: Nikmah A , Mauludi L D , Firdaus R A
Published: November 2023

This study analyzed optical and RF signals in optical communication systems using the On-Off Keying Non-Return to Zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation method and the direct-detection receiver model with PIN photodiodes. In this study, a simulation was carried out using Python software. Changes in optical modulation input power and Symbol rate (Rs) were explored to understand their effect on signal characteristics. Models of ideal photodiodes (noiseless) and noisy photodiodes (considering thermal noise, shot noise, and bandwidth constraints) were used to compare receiver signals. The eye diagram analysis was employed to visualize receiver signal variation in a given time span. The results of this analysis provide a better understanding of the influence of changes in input power and symbol rate on optical communication systems through the OOK-NRZ method and insight into the characteristics of the receiving signal under realistic conditions. This study is able to provide guidance for the design and evaluation of optical communication systems using OOK-NRZ modulation and direct detection receivers.
The learnable CPG model based on Wilson-Cowan oscillator
Authors: Zhang Ruihan , Lu Qiang , Zhao Hanqing
Published: November 2023

The central pattern generator (CPG) is a micro circuit in neural system and it can generate rhythmic signals to regulate locomotion. The researchers have investigated the features of the CPG, and they have paid more attentions to the the programmable characteristic. In this address, a new learnable CPG based on Wilson-Cowan oscillator is established. The sine signal, the complex signal, the chaotic signal and angles of compass-like robot are used as input to test the new programmable central pattern generator. The simulations present that the learnable CPG has the ability to learn different signals effectively. These results are the significant contribution to the research of the programmable CPG.
Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits Based on The Sailfish Algorithm Optimized SKELM
Authors: Ding Ming , Ma Runping
Published: November 2023

In view of the long training time for the optimization of the network model parameters of the SELM and the uncertainty of the model generalization ability, this paper proposes an analog circuit fault diagnosis model based on the sailfish algorithm to optimize the stacked kernel extreme learning machine(SKELM). This model introduces a kernel function to build a multi-layer KELM, which can improve the generalization ability and learning speed of the feedforward neural network. The weights of each layer of SKELM are obtained through the automatic encoder training based on the KELM. Since KELM-AE does not need to set initial parameters, the training speed is improved. However, the kernel parameters and regularization coefficients of KELM-AE are set manually, so the sailfish optimizer (SFO) is used to optimize these two parameters, and then the optimal SKELM model is built through layer by layer training. Finally, the Leap frog filter circuit is used as the simulation experiment circuit, and further compared with the optimized SELM. The results show that KELM-AE has strong generalization ability, and it can map fault features to high-dimensional feature space through nonlinear mapping without extracting fault features separately, thus improving the classification accuracy.
Design and research of suburban railway fire alarm system
Authors: Yang Yang , Xie Kun , Zhou Qi
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of suburban rail transit, fire safety issues have received more and more attention. As the first line of the Shanghai Suburban Railway, the fire safety problem of the Shanghai Suburban Railway Airport Link Line is more prominent. In this paper, an automatic fire alarm system is designed and researched for the fire safety problem of the Shanghai Railway Airport Liaison Line, which adopts a hierarchical distributed structure and can realize accurate fire detection thorough immediately sending fire alarm information to the station control room and line operation control center and informing the location of the fire area. At the same time, the system also coordinates with the BAS system and ISCS system or independently realizes the linkage control of fire fighting equipment. The research results of this paper are of great significance for improving the fire safety level of Shanghai railway airport links.
Study on cavitation fault features of centrifugal pumps based on principal component analysis
Authors: Fu Dongliang , Yu Jiongmin , Pu Chenjie , Ye Fei , Li Jiatong
Published: November 2023

The centrifugal pump plays a key role in the ship water supply system, and cavitation is a common fault mode that leads to poor efficiency of centrifugal pumps. To select valid features as the criteria of cavitation fault diagnosis, we calculate RMS, peak factor, kurtosis factor, wave factor of raw data, and the data after empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Although the raw features can be obtained, they were still in a high-dimensional space and contain a lot of redundant information. So, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to decrease dimensions and extract sensitive features. As a case study, the data were obtained from a centrifugal pump fault simulation bench, and a variety of cavitation states were observed in the experiment. And a six-dimensional sensitive feature vector was determined through data analysis.
Wide-body aircraft fuel jettison system design and analysis
Authors: Gong Hao
Published: November 2023

In order to design the highly integrated fuel jettison system, the hydrodynamic performance design flow chart for the highly integrated fuel system has been proposed, and the 1-D fuel line network performance model has been developed. An innovative fuel jettison system for wide-body aircraft has been designed. The system performance has been simulated and analyzed. The results show that the proposed flow chart can be used for the highly integrated fuel system design, and the fuel jettison performance requirements can be met. The system parameters including the wing tank main pump characteristic, the flow area of the orifice set in the fuel line connecting the feeding line and the refueling line, and the flight height have significant effects on the fuel jettison performance. Besides, the aircraft total fuel jettison performance is also affected by the central tank override pump characteristic, the engine fuel consumption, and the flow resistance of fuel line network.
Reentry trajectory design of a hypersonic vehicle based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Das Partha P , Pei Wang , Niu Chenxi
Published: November 2023

In this research, we investigate control of a hypersonic vehicle (HV) following its reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere, using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in a continuous space. Here, we incorporate the basic kinematic and force equations of motion for a vehicle in an atmospheric flight to formulate the reentry trajectory satisfying the boundary constraints and multiple mission related process constraints. The aerodynamic model of the vehicle emulates the properties of a common aero vehicle (CAV-H), while the atmospheric model of the Earth represents a standard model based on US Standard Atmosphere 1976, with significant simplification to the planetary model. In an unpowered flight, we then control the vehicle’s trajectory by perturbing its angle of attack and bank angle to achieve the desired objective, where the control problem is based on different actor-critic frameworks that utilize neural networks (NNs) as function approximators to select and evaluate the control actions in continuous state and action spaces. First, we train the model following each of the methods, that include on-policy proximal policy approximation (PPO) and off-policy twin delayed deterministic policy gradient (TD3). From the trajectory generated, we select a nominal trajectory for each algorithm that satisfies our mission requirements based on the reward model.
Research on safety issues and safety analysis of new energy aircraft
Authors: Chu Tang , Zhongyang Li , Libo Wang
Published: November 2023

As the global aviation industry faces increasing pressure on the environment, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has implemented increasingly strict requirements for aircraft carbon emissions. The adoption of innovative energy technologies, such as electric power, hydrogen fuel, and sustainable biofuels in the aviation sector, will enable us to achieve zero carbon emission targets and mitigate environmental pollution associated with air transportation. Drawing on statistical data of aviation accidents, this paper analyses the primary causes of flight mishaps and summarizes several safety issues faced by new energy aircraft. Based on these, the new energy aircraft is divided into several subsystems, including power system, energy system, flight control system and so on. Then, safety analysis tools and methods are then used to conduct an analysis of the aircraft’s safety, with the aim of improving overall safety.
Body effect on inflow distortion in civil engine intake under crosswind condition
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Yingchun , Cheng Pan , Zhang Dongyun
Published: November 2023

The effect of body on the inlet aerodynamic performance of distortion under crosswind condition for a high pass ratio turbofan engine was investigated. The work is carried out by using computational fluid dynamics on civil nacelle and body. The investigation suggests that: due to the shelter of the body, the inlet distortion on the windward side and leeward side is very different under crosswind conditions. The nacelle on the windward side mainly takes in air from the side while the engine on the leeward side takes in air from above and below. The existence of body makes it easier to produce fuselage vortex and tail vortex near the nacelle. The body has an adverse impact on the intake of the engine on the leeward side and improves the requirement of the crosswind resistance of the upper section of the nacelle.
Numerical simulation of ply angle deviation and thermal deformation behavior of CFRP reflector
Authors: Jiang Wenjian , Jiang Hengkun , Huo Tonglong , Liang Yun
Published: November 2023

As we know, the ply angle deviation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) reflector is difficult to obtain accurately in engineering applications, it will make thermal deformation of reflector unpredictable due to the discreteness of ply angle. In this paper, based on constitutive relationships between generalized internal force and strain of laminated composite, a novel ply angle deviation model based on normal distribution is proposed. Furthermore, an orthogonal test was designed and significance analysis were carried out by means of a 2.6m aperture reflector with polygonal back structure. Assumed that the ply angle deviation obeys normal distribution, a number of samples were further randomly generated, and the sample mean and standard deviation of the thermal deformation of reflector were calculated. According to χ2-test of goodness of fit, the thermal deformation of reflector still follows normal distribution. Finally, an example was employed to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results reach a good agreement with the experimental data, thus it is capable of providing a promising prospect for engineering practice.
Simulation and analysis of delamination damage propagation in CFRP structures
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Cai Qiaoyan , Wang Fei , Zhang Tao , Tan Riming
Published: November 2023

For aerospace vehicles, composite materials are used in large-scale integral panels due to their excellent material properties. In the structure of vehicles, this kind of composite material panel is connected to the internal structure through fasteners. During the composite material molding process and the process of drilling connection holes, some local delamination sometimes occurs, this delamination is hardly detected in time, it can cause great damage to the compressive strength of the structure. In this paper, the ABAQUS/Explicit solver is introduced to analyze the progressive damage of interlaminar separation with cohesive elements, the accuracy difference between different damage modes with typical solvers is verified. Then based on the self-compiled three-dimensional Hashin failure criterion subroutine, the numerical simulation is carried out on the compressive strength of the composite laminate under different pre-delamination damage ranges, and the compressive strength of the single-fastener connection structure with pre-delamination, indicates the fiber damage, matrix damage and delamination damage, in order to explore its failure mode and residual strength law.
A Multi-timescale Scheduling Strategy for Residential Integrated Energy System
Authors: Gao Yang , Lu Siyue , Ma Longfei , Zeng Jiani , Zhao Yutong , Zhang Baoqun , Xu Hui , Yang Xiangyan , Yang Shaobin
Published: November 2023

In recent years, multi-energy complementation has been deepening, and the application rate of new energy sources has been increasing. A multi-timescale optimal scheduling strategy is proposed to mobilize the energy flexibility of residential integrated energy systems (RIES) and to reduce the negative impact of source-load forecast uncertainty on the scheduling plan. Firstly, for the energy supply structure of RIES, the operation constraint model of each energy hub equipment is established. Then, the optimal scheduling is divided into three stages: day-ahead planning, intra-day planning, and real-time planning, each of which will consider the volatility of source-load prediction and determine the operation status of the equipment according to its importance level. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-timescale scheduling strategy can ensure the economy while minimizing the deviation of the main grid power purchase in the real-time and day-ahead phases, providing a basis for the development of new energy capacity in the grid to grow to higher penetration rates.
Research on wind-solar-storage system optimal scheduling based on multi-objective particle swarm algorithm
Authors: Ru Huitong , Zhao Jisheng , Sui Yi , Huang Zhe , Chen Zhouyang , Fan Bo , Wang Bo
Published: November 2023

For the current problems that economic benefit and energy saving can not be considered in the existing optimal scheduling schemes of wind-solar-diesel-storage system, this paper proposes an optimal scheduling scheme of this system based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization. The mathematical models of active power output of wind turbines, solar turbines and energy storage units of wind-solar-diesel-storage system are established respectively. According to the historical data of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation, the power prediction data of corresponding prediction models are adopted respectively On this basis, the objective function is constructed by minimizing the operating cost of the system and maximizing the wind-solar consumption ratio, and the system active power, energy storage battery capacity and diesel generator power are taken as constraints Using multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the output of each unit in the system. Simulation results illustrate the optimization scheme can well achieve the target of taking into account both economic benefits and energy saving in the optimal scheduling of wind-solar-diesel-storage system.
The Optimal Control Algorithm of the Integrated Energy System Based on Demand Response
Authors: Ye Siqi , Luo Jinman , Liang Haobo , Zhao Shanlong
Published: November 2023

As an important embodiment of energy diversification demand, comprehensive energy has been widely used. Aiming at the problem of system optimization for the dynamic characteristics of multi-energy networks in the integrated energy system, this paper established the integrated energy system optimization control model. It optimized the next-day system load curve based on the integrated demand response and verified the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper. The results show that the algorithm model in this paper can improve the flexibility and economy of the system operation. It can ensure the safety of the integrated energy system operation. It can also effectively improve the economy of the system and reduce the system operation cost and promote the consumption of clean energy, which shows the effectiveness of the optimization control algorithm in this paper.
The Effect of Blade Coning on the Flow Field of Wind Turbines under Yaw Conditions
Authors: Lan Xingbo , Zhao Meng , Jia Zile , Sun Hao
Published: November 2023

Most wind turbines operate under yaw conditions, which can reduce the output power of wind turbines. In order to improve the power of wind turbines under yaw conditions, this paper adopts a method of blade taper to study its impact on the wind turbine flow field. A 2000W wind turbine is chosen as the research object and SOILDWORKS software is employed to establish a model of blade taper. Three cone angles of 4 °, 8 °, and 12 ° were used, and numerical simulations were conducted using STARCCM+. It is found that under 30 ° yaw conditions, the blade with a cone angle of 12 ° had the highest output power, followed by 8 ° and 4 °. Compared to 4 °, the output power of 12 ° and 8 ° increased by 2.32% and 5.99%, respectively. At the same time, appropriately increasing the blade cone angle can also reduce the dissipation of tip vortices and center vortices in the flow field. By analyzing the limit streamline diagram, it can be concluded that the vorticity at an 8 ° cone angle is less than the other two cone angles under 30 ° operating conditions. Therefore, in this simulation, the comprehensive performance of the 8 ° cone angle is better, which not only improves the output power under 30 ° yaw, but also makes the operation of the wind turbine more stable.
Research on Isolation Design of Ultra-High Voltage Converter Transformer
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Zhenlin , Zhang Changhong , Li Weiguo , Wei Xiaoxing , Li Mingyang , Li Qiang , Huang Jiajie
Published: November 2023

To assess the performance of the bushings in UHV converter transformers, a finite element time analysis was performed on a ±800 kV UHV converter transformer with or without the implementation of horizontal seismic isolation devices. The simulation results show that the maximum stress response value of the root of the alternating current bushing is 68.96 MPa, when the horizontal seismic isolation device is not installed, and the stress response values of the root of the two direct current bushing are close, with 26.06 MPa and 25.89 MPa respectively; when the direct current bushing is not vertically arranged, the angle between the direct current bushing axis and the horizontal X-direction is smaller, the relative displacement response is smaller in the X-direction; After installing the horizontal with seismic isolation device, the stress at the root of the bushing is significantly reduced compared with the without seismic isolation results, and the peak stresses at the root of the alternating current bushing, direct current bushing-1 and direct current bushing-2 are reduced with seismic isolation: 72.17%, 51.76% and 51.49%, respectively, all of which meet the requirement of seismic isolation efficiency greater than 50%. The research results provide technical support for the seismic resistance of UHV converter transformers and promote seismic research and the seismic isolation level of power facilities.
Data-driven boiler efficiency and NOx characteristic variable selection and combustion optimization
Authors: Sun Ligang , Gao Xudong , An Chunguo , Miao Jingquan , He Shuai
Published: November 2023

In the process of comprehensively promoting carbon peak and carbon neutralization, thermal power units need to adapt to the needs of high efficiency and cleanliness, so as to play the role of ballast stone in the transformation and upgrading of energy structure. When the traditional analysis method can not be comprehensive, real-time and efficient analysis, the introduction of data science is an option. Therefore, this paper is based on the data-driven method to model and optimize the combustion of thermal power plant boilers. The second-order characteristic variable selection algorithm is used to screen the key variables of boiler efficiency and NOx emission. Based on the multi-objective optimization algorithm of NSGA-II, the pareto frontier solution and the optimal adjustable parameter setting under different boundary conditions are determined. The example shows that the optimization scheme proposed in this paper can effectively improve the efficiency of power plant boilers and reduce NOx emissions.
Design of Plastic Sealed Brushless Motor Controller Based on Hall Effect
Authors: Li Shengnan , Guo Jingjing , Lu Xiaohan , Liu Boyun , Shu Qi
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of electronic technology, brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are widely used in various fields such as electronics, industrial control, and the medical field because of their high efficiency, noiselessness, and high speed. However, the traditional BLDCM has large torque and cannot accurately determine the rotor position information. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a Hall sensor controller to control the BLDCM and carries out the hardware circuit design of the motor driver circuit, Hall circuit, power supply circuit, etc., and the program control of STM32, and carries out the software design of PWM interrupt subroutine, AD picking like the program, etc., to realize the Hall effect sensor. The control of BLDCM is carried out.
Functional verification of QSPI module based on UVM implementation
Authors: Li Haoqiang , Zuo Shikai
Published: November 2023

This article presents a novel functional verification methodology based on the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) to validate the functionality of the Quick Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI) module. QSPI serves as a prevalent serial communication protocol widely employed for high-speed data exchange with external flash devices. By using the code coverage and functional coverage reports provided by UVM, we were able to assess how well the test cases covered the design code, identifying the parts of the design that had been adequately tested and those that needed more test coverage. This verification method based on UVM provides powerful tools and technical support for the design and development of the QSPI module and effectively ensures its reliability and stability. This study is of great significance for further improving the design quality and verification efficiency of the QSPI module.
Research on the Recovery Technology of Damaged Characters Based on the Magneto-optical Method
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Shen Yao , Chen Ruili
Published: November 2023

This work intends to address the issue of surface damage to significant characters on ferromagnetic materials for the assessment of physical evidence. For the identification of altered metallic characteristics, a nondestructive magneto-optical imaging recovery approach based on the magneto-optical effect is presented. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the technique may successfully repair the damaged metallic features. It can be used as a nondestructive test for the examination and restoration of altered and damaged metal handwriting in criminal technology, which offers a fresh approach and method to deal with this issue.
Design and Implementation of Beam Control System Based on FPGA
Authors: Su Youbang
Published: November 2023

As the use of phased array technology becomes more widespread, it is receiving increased attention. Among them, the excellent performance of the beam control system will directly affect the performance of the whole phased array. FPGA is the preferred control chip for developing a beam control system. Therefore, this paper designs a beam control system architecture based on FPGA, designs the main functional modules of the system in detail, and conducts simulation experiments on its important functions. The results show that the system can quickly and accurately calculate the phase shift code required by the antenna unit to achieve fast beam response.
A detector system for `absolute' measurements of fission cross sections at n_TOF in the energy range below 200 MeV
Authors: Pirovano E. , Manna A. , Aberle O. , Amaducci S. , Colonna N. , Console Camprini P. , Cosentino L. , Dietz M. , Ducasse Q. , Finocchiaro P. , Massimi C. , Mengoni A. , Nolte R. , Radeck D. , Tassan-Got L. , Terranova N. , Vannini G. ,   the n_TOF collaboration
Published: November 2023

A new measurement of the 235U(n,f) cross section was
performed at the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN. The
experiment focused on neutron energies from 20 MeV to several
hundred MeV, and was normalized to neutron scattering on hydrogen.
This is a measurement first of its kind at this facility, in an
energy range that was until now not often explored, so the detector
development phase was crucial for its success. Two detectors are
presented, a parallel plate fission chamber (PPFC) and a recoil
proton telescope (RPT), both dedicated to perform measurements in
the incident neutron energy range from 30 MeV to 200 MeV. The
experiment was designed to minimize statistical uncertainties in the
allocated run time. Several efforts were made to ensure that the
systematic effects were understood and under control. The results
show that the detectors are suited for measurements at n_TOF above
30 MeV, and indicate the path for possible future lines of development.
Airfoil friction drag reduction based on grid-type and super-dense array plasma actuators
Authors: FANG 方 Ziqi 子淇 , ZONG 宗 Haohua 豪华 , WU 吴 Yun 云 , LIANG 梁 Hua 华 , SU 苏 Zhi 志
Published: November 2023

To improve the cruise flight performance of aircraft, two new configurations of plasma actuators (grid-type and super-dense array) were investigated to reduce the turbulent skin friction drag of a low-speed airfoil. The induced jet characteristics of the two actuators in quiescent air were diagnosed with high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), and their drag reduction efficiencies were examined under different operating conditions in a wind tunnel. The results showed that the grid-type plasma actuator was capable of producing a wall-normal jet array (peak magnitude: 1.07 m/s) similar to that generated in a micro-blowing technique, while the super-dense array plasma actuator created a wavy wall-parallel jet (magnitude: 0.94 m/s) due to the discrete spanwise electrostatic forces. Under a comparable electrical power consumption level, the super-dense array plasma actuator array significantly outperformed the grid-type configuration, reducing the total airfoil friction drag by approximately 22% at a free-stream velocity of 20 m/s. The magnitude of drag reduction was proportional to the dimensionless jet velocity ratio (r), and a threshold r = 0.014 existed under which little impact on airfoil drag could be discerned.
Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak
Authors: KRUPIN V. A. , NURGALIEV M. R. , NEMETS A. R. , ZEMTSOV I. A. , SUNTSOV S. D. , MYALTON T. B. , SERGEEV D. S. , SOLOVEV N. A. , SARYCHEV D. V. , RYJAKOV D. V. , TUGARINOV S. N. , NAUMENKO N. N.
Published: November 2023

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the

ratio, the normalized electron density gradient

, and the ion–ion collisionality

. The combination of high

, high

, and

−10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.
Contrasting responses of two typical plant communities to precipitation variability in horqin sandy land, northeast China
Authors: Yue Xiangfei , Lian Jie , Luo Yongqing , Zhang Tonghui
Published: November 2023

The ongoing modification of precipitation regime highlights the necessity to further investigate underlying vegetation processes. To figure out the key precipitation characteristics that largely affected the biomass and species richness of different plant functional groups in the semiarid sandy land, we compared the 15-year (from 2005 to 2019) variation in the aboveground biomass (AGB), precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and species richness of two typical biotopes (fixed dune and sandy grassland) in Horqin Sandy Land, a semiarid sandy land in northeast China. Results showed that the sandy grassland had higher AGB and PUE, lower species richness than the fixed dune; the annuals contributed 60.16% of the AGB and 60.32% of the species richness in sandy grassland, while contributed 53.40% and 75.77% in fixed dune, respectively; the AGB and species richness in the fixed dune had medium positive correlation with annual precipitation, while that in the sandy grassland had medium positive correlation with the total amount of specific rainfall events in the growing season (e.g. cumulative precipitation of 10–40 mm rain events and number of ≥ 10 mm rain event). There was no significant correlations were detected between PUE and annual precipitation, and weakly positive correlations were detected between PUE and amount and number of medium rainfall events in growing season. Our results suggested that the biomes dominated by annual plants were more responsive to the variability of growing season rainfall pattern rather than annual precipitation. In semiarid sandy grassland communities, the frequent medium rainfall events (5–50 mm) have significant role on the biomass, and the high species richness is likely to depend on the number of larger ones (≥ 10 mm). The AGB and species richness of grassland communities in semi-arid sandy land was the result of the combined effect of amount size, number and interval of rain event.
Process variables optimization for multiple responses in SPIF of titanium using Taguchi-GRA
Authors: Dutta Bibek Jyoti , Chandna Pankaj
Published: November 2023

In the modern era, titanium has gained global acceptance as a key material for innovative and significant applications in numerous industrial sectors, including aerospace, medical, automotive, and many more. In this work, optimization of process variables in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) of titanium has been done using Taguchi-grey relational analysis to attain simultaneously improved geometrical accuracy and maximum microhardness in the formed parts of conical shape. The input parameters elected were step size (SS), feed rate (FEED), and tool rotation speed (TRPM) to explore their effects on geometrical accuracy (roundness and concentricity) and microhardness. Among the parameter levels considered in this work, 0.2 mm SS, 800 mm/min FEED, and TRPM of 600 have been recognized as the optimal setting. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests have been conducted to quantify the significance of SPIF parameters on the responses. The SS was revealed as the most influencing parameter, followed by FEED, and TRPM was the least significant parameter for the desired responses. The results of confirmation experiments have shown good agreement with predicted values of responses attained in Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis.
A novel IoT based machine vision system for on-machine diameter measurement and optimization
Authors: Zende Rohit , Pawade Raju
Published: November 2023

The use of machine vision systems has been made user-friendly, cost-effective, and flawless by the rapid development in the fields of advanced electro-optical and camera systems, electronics systems, and software systems. One such application of machine vision systems in the field of manufacturing is the inspection of a semi-finished or finished component during an ongoing manufacturing process. In this study, the camera’s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters were maintained constant, while red, green, and blue light sources were employed to measure the component diameter using pixel analysis. A novel approach was used in an IoT-based machine vision system where, on the same image, the smartphone camera was calibrated and the image diameter of the component under study was measured, which was found to be quite accurate. Four different cases were used in the error analysis of image diameter, in which experimental results show that under blue light, the percentage pixel error span is the largest at 0.2624% followed by 0.1422% under green light and 0.0903% under red light. Further, the use of four different cases was followed by the ‘Weighted Sum Model’, which optimized the percentage errors in estimated actual diameter precisely and effectively, where outcome results showed that the approximate percentage errors were determined within 0.8% for blue light, 0.5% for a red light, and 0.1% for a green light. The proposed IoT-based machine vision system was found to be robust and effective for on-machine measurement.
Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Disparities in Mental Health Among US Service Members and Veterans: Findings From the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Sharifian Neika , Kolaja Claire A , LeardMann Cynthia A , Castañeda Sheila F , Carey Felicia R , Seay Julia S , Carlton Keyia N , Rull Rudolph P , Cohort Study Team for the Millennium
Published: November 2023

Although disparities in mental health occur within racially, ethnically, and sex-diverse civilian populations, it is unclear whether these disparities persist within US military populations. Using cross-sectional data from the Millennium Cohort Study (2014–2016; n = 103,184; 70.3% male; 75.7% non-Hispanic White), a series of logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether racial, ethnic, and/or sex disparities were found in mental health outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and problematic anger), hierarchically adjusting for sociodemographic, military, health-related, and social support factors. Compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, those who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, or multiracial showed greater risk of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and problematic anger in unadjusted models. Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health were partially explained by health-related and social support factors. Women showed greater risk of depression and anxiety and lower risk of PTSD than men. Evidence of intersectionality emerged for problematic anger among Hispanic/Latino and Asian or Pacific Islander women. Overall, racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in mental health persisted among service members and veterans. Future research and interventions are recommended to reduce these disparities and improve the health and well-being of diverse service members and veterans.
Hybridization and divergent climatic preferences drive divergence of two allopatric Gentiana species on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Fu Peng-Cheng , Twyford Alex D , Hao Yu-Tong , Zhang Yue , Chen Shi-Long , Sun Shan-Shan
Published: November 2023

Background and Aims

Exploring how species diverge is vital for understanding the drivers of speciation. Factors such as geographical separation and ecological selection, hybridization, polyploidization and shifts in mating system are all major mechanisms of plant speciation, but their contributions to divergence are rarely well understood. Here we test these mechanisms in two plant species, Gentiana lhassica and G. hoae, with the goal of understanding recent allopatric species divergence on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP).

Methods

We performed Bayesian clustering, phylogenetic analysis and estimates of hybridization using 561 302 nuclear genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We performed redundancy analysis, and identified and annotated species-specific SNPs (ssSNPs) to explore the association between climatic preference and genetic divergence. We also estimated genome sizes using flow cytometry to test for overlooked polyploidy.

Key Results

Genomic evidence confirms that G. lhassica and G. hoae are closely related but distinct species, while genome size estimates show divergence occurred without polyploidy. Gentiana hoae has significantly higher average FIS values than G. lhassica. Population clustering based on genomic SNPs shows no signature of recent hybridization, but each species is characterized by a distinct history of hybridization with congeners that has shaped genome-wide variation. Gentiana lhassica has captured the chloroplast and experienced introgression with a divergent gentian species, while G. hoae has experienced recurrent hybridization with related taxa. Species distribution modelling suggested range overlap in the Last Interglacial Period, while redundancy analysis showed that precipitation and temperature are the major climatic differences explaining the separation of the species. The species differ by 2993 ssSNPs, with genome annotation showing missense variants in genes involved in stress resistance.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the distinctiveness of these species on the QTP is driven by a combination of hybridization, geographical isolation, mating system differences and evolution of divergent climatic preferences.
BELMM: Bayesian model selection and random walk smoothing in time-series clustering
Authors: Sarala Olli , Pyhäjärvi Tanja , Sillanpää Mikko J
Published: November 2023

Motivation

Due to advances in measuring technology, many new phenotype, gene expression, and other omics time-course datasets are now commonly available. Cluster analysis may provide useful information about the structure of such data.

Results

In this work, we propose BELMM (Bayesian Estimation of Latent Mixture Models): a flexible framework for analysing, clustering, and modelling time-series data in a Bayesian setting. The framework is built on mixture modelling: first, the mean curves of the mixture components are assumed to follow random walk smoothing priors. Second, we choose the most plausible model and the number of mixture components using the Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo. Last, we assign the individual time series into clusters based on the similarity to the cluster-specific trend curves determined by the latent random walk processes. We demonstrate the use of fast and slow implementations of our approach on both simulated and real time-series data using widely available software R, Stan, and CU-MSDSp.

Availability and implementation

The French mortality dataset is available at http://www.mortality.org, the Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis gene expression data at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE121160. Details on our simulated datasets are available in the Supplementary Material, and R scripts and a detailed tutorial on GitHub at https://github.com/ollisa/BELMM. The software CU-MSDSp is available on GitHub at https://github.com/jtchavisIII/CU-MSDSp.
A review of the flortaucipir literature for positron emission tomography imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles
Authors: Burnham Samantha C , Iaccarino Leonardo , Pontecorvo Michael J , Fleisher Adam S , Lu Ming , Collins Emily C , Devous Michael D
Published: November 2023

Alzheimer’s disease is defined by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles potentially preceding clinical symptoms by many years. Previously only detectable post-mortem, these pathological hallmarks are now identifiable using biomarkers, permitting an in vivo definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. 18F-flortaucipir (previously known as 18F-T807; 18F-AV-1451) was the first tau positron emission tomography tracer to be introduced and is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved tau positron emission tomography tracer (Tauvid™). It has been widely adopted and validated in a number of independent research and clinical settings. In this review, we present an overview of the published literature on flortaucipir for positron emission tomography imaging of neurofibrillary tau tangles. We considered all accessible peer-reviewed literature pertaining to flortaucipir through 30 April 2022. We found 474 relevant peer-reviewed publications, which were organized into the following categories based on their primary focus: typical Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and pre-symptomatic populations; atypical Alzheimer’s disease; non-Alzheimer’s disease neurodegenerative conditions; head-to-head comparisons with other Tau positron emission tomography tracers; and technical considerations. The available flortaucipir literature provides substantial evidence for the use of this positron emission tomography tracer in assessing neurofibrillary tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and limited support for its use in other neurodegenerative disorders. Visual interpretation and quantitation approaches, although heterogeneous, mostly converge and demonstrate the high diagnostic and prognostic value of flortaucipir in Alzheimer’s disease.