bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private vs. Public: Differential Impacts of Sustainable Innovation on ESG Performance in the Digitalize Era
Authors: Hongbin Ying , Fei Wu , Zhijie Lu , Cifuentes‐Faura Javier
Published: February 2025

The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating evaluates a company's value practices and impacts its operations. This study examines the effect of corporate sustainable innovation on ESG performance (ESGP) using data from 2009 to 2021 from Chinese A‐share listed companies. The analysis's findings, which utilize panel data models, indicate that effective, sustainable innovation enhances corporate ESGP. Moreover, the study demonstrates that private enterprises experience a more pronounced improvement in ESGP through sustainable innovation than public enterprises. Additionally, digital transformation positively moderates sustainable innovation and the ESGP relationship. These findings emphasize the financial advantages of sustainable innovation for business enterprises and the need for investor and governmental attention. Furthermore, prioritizing continuous innovation and advancing digital transformation efforts can further strengthen the constructive impact of sustainable innovation on ESGP.
Development and Validation of Prognostic Characteristics Associated With Chromatin Remodeling‐Related Genes in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Guansheng , Li Wenjing , Guo Jiayi , Liu Lingyu , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2025

Background

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a prevalent malignant tumor in the field of gynecology, exhibiting the third highest incidence rate and the highest mortality rate among gynecological tumors. Chromatin remodeling accomplishes specific chromatin condensation at distinct genomic loci and plays an essential role in epigenetic regulation associated with various processes related to cancer development.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OC and control samples were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, combined with chromatin remodeling‐related genes (CRRGs) obtained from the GeneCards database to identify differentially expressed CRRGs (DECRRGs). Enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were performed on the DECRRGs. Prognostic genes of OC were screened using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analyses. A risk model based on prognostic genes was developed, and the survival probability of OC patients in different risk groups was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier (KM) curve. Finally, the expression levels of prognostic genes were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting.

Results

In total, 7 potential prognostic genes associated with the progression of OC patients were obtained, including ARID1B, ATRX, CHRAC1, HDAC1, INO80, MBD2, and SS18. Based on the expression level of prognostic genes, OC patients were divided into high‐risk group and low‐risk group. Survival analysis indicated that patients classified into the high‐risk group had higher mortality rates, which enables this prediction model to be utilized as an independent predictor of OC. Immunocorrelation analysis showed that low‐risk patients were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Conclusion

In this study, we have identified 7 prognostic genes, including ARID1B, ATRX, CHRAC1, HDAC1, INO80, MBD2, and SS18. Overall, our findings provided a foundation for further comprehension of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying OC pathogenesis and progression.
Student Psychotherapists' Experiences of Self‐Empathy: An Interpretative Poetic Inquiry
Authors: Jack Kirsten , Aithal Supritha
Published: February 2025

Background

Interpersonal empathy is a well‐researched concept in the counselling and psychotherapy literature, although less is known about how it is experienced at an intrapersonal level. What is known is that self‐empathy involves a change in perspective and a re‐evaluation of events, in kinder and less judgemental ways.

Aim

The aim of this study was to understand and appreciate the meaning of self‐empathy to trainee creative psychotherapists. The research was in the context of the students' own self‐care and intrapersonal relating.

Methodology and Methods

An interpretative poetic inquiry design was utilised. Interviews were conducted with 4 trainee creative psychotherapists at a university in the Northwest of England, UK.

Results

Self‐empathy was experienced as a process, often involving several aspects of the self, to understand and accept feelings and events in the context of self‐care. Development of self‐empathy involved internal dialoguing through activities such as journaling, poetry writing, meditation, and being outdoors. The use of interpretative poetic inquiry enabled the emotional aspects of the data to be distilled and combined reflexively with the experiences of the researchers.

Conclusions

This research provides contemporary insights into the experiences of self‐empathy from the perspective of a small number of trainee creative psychotherapists. It has implications for students in terms of self‐understanding and self‐care, and for educators, to inform future psychotherapist preparation and curriculum development. Finally, there are implications for future research using interpretative poetic inquiry as a reflexive approach, which embraces the presence of the researcher in the research.
Understand Title IX implications of latest ruling on religious exemptions
Authors: Romano Robert J.
Published: February 2025

Title IX maintains that federal funding will be denied to an educational institution if it excludes, denies benefits to, or subjects to discrimination any person “on the basis of sex” (20 U.S.C. § 1681(a)), including athletics. Federal courts have interpreted this law to also prohibit discrimination against gay or transgender students (Grabowski v. Ariz. Bd. of Regents, 69 F.4th 1110, 1116, 9th Cir. 2023). Title IX does, however, carve out an exception that allows for a federally funded college or university to engage in discrimination if that college or university “is controlled by a religious organization if the application of Title IX would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization” (20 U.S.C. § 1681(a)).
Glucose Oxidase Promoting Cellulase‐Assisted Hydrodistillation for the Extraction of Essential Oil From Eleutherococcus Senticosus
Authors: Zhao Xu , Chen Zeshao , Xi Gaolei , Zhao Shengchen , Cao Ke , Wang Qiyue , Zhang Yinghao , Ma Shengtao , An Nan , Yu Shuai , Jia Tao
Published: February 2025

Eleutherococcus senticosus essential oil (ESEO) has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, delaying aging. The ESEO yield obtained by traditional extraction methods is low because essential oils are encased in plant cell structures and are difficult to extract. In this work, we adopted the method of glucose oxidase promoting cellulase‐assisted hydrodistillation, and utilized the interaction of glucose oxidase and cellulase to promote the full destruction of cellulose in plant cells, resulting in a large amount of internal essential oil flowing out and improving the yield of ESEO. By optimizing the main factors of enzymatic hydrolysis, the optimal extraction conditions for ESEO were determined through Box–Behnken design experiments. The ratio of glucose oxidase to cellulase is 1:20, the concentration of the enzyme is 1.02%, the temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis is 40.0°C, and the pH value of enzymatic hydrolysis is 3.44. The optimal yield was 0.140%. The yield of essential oil extracted from E. senticosus was increased by 49.9% compared to a single cellulase‐assisted extraction method. The extraction process used in this work is milder, more environmentally friendly, and more efficient, which has important reference value for the industrial extraction and utilization of medicinal plants.
Comprehensive Characterization and Bioactivity Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Chrysanthemum indicum Leaf Extract
Authors: Din Maida Salah Ud , Naveed Muhammad , Aziz Tariq , Makhdoom Syeda Izma , Waseem Muhammad , Khan Ayaz Ali , Al‐harbi Mitub , Alasmari Abdullah F.
Published: February 2025

Bionanotechnology is the synthesis of environmentally friendly, biosynthetic nanomaterials by combining nanotechnology and biotechnology. Chrysanthemum indicum leaf extract in aqueous medium was used in the presented research work to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using a dependable and environmentally friendly method. The TiO2 nanoparticles derived from C. indicum were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The diesel degradation activity of the TiO2 was evaluated, showing a significant reduction in diesel concentration (8%) after a 10‐day incubation period. Furthermore, TiO2’s hemolytic, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties were highlighted. Cubical‐shaped nanoparticles with an even distribution were found by SEM analysis. When compared to standard drugs, the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated hemolytic potential, anti‐inflammatory (albumin denaturation assay), antidiabetic, and antioxidant (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay) properties. These results imply that TiO2 nanoparticles function as advantageous biological agents and are crucial to the bioremediation process. Due to the great potential of TiO2 nanoparticles, the notable characteristics of biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles suggest their potential useful applications in the biodegradation field in the future.
Metastatic Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma in Urinary Bladder at Presentation—A Rare Incidental Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ali Rao Nouman , Anwaar Adeel , Irfan Wajiha , Hameed Farooq , Haq Inam Ul , Asif Raza Muhammad , Karamat Riyan Imtiaz , Akilimali Aymar
Published: February 2025

This case highlights the rare occurrence of concurrent clear cell renal carcinoma with metastatic urinary bladder involvement, presenting as hematuria and flank pain. Initial screening revealed both renal and bladder tumors, confirmed as metastases. Histopathology emphasized thorough investigations for unexplained urinary symptoms and the need for multimodal treatment and follow‐up.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Annulation Pathway to Versatile Tricyclic Oxaspirosuccinimide Motifs
Authors: Satyanarayana Gedu , Naveen Jakkula
Published: February 2025

Spiroheterocyclic motifs are key cores that display a vast spectrum of biological, pharmacological, and therapeutical activities; they are also useful as OLEDs, liquid crystals, and robust materials. Thus, developing concise synthetic processes to access them is of contemporary interest. Herein, we present an effective single‐pot strategy to access tricyclic oxaspirocyclic motifs from simple 2‐(2‐iodophenoxy)‐1‐phenylethan‐1‐ones and maleimides via palladium‐catalyzed [4+1] spiroannulation pathway, furnishing the single diastereomeric product in a highly stereoselective manner. The Pd‐catalyzed coupling between 2‐(2‐iodophenoxy)‐1‐phenylethan‐1‐ones and maleimides enables the formation of two C−C bonds in one‐pot operation. The approach has been tolerated with a varied range of substrates, affording the products up to good yields
Design Strategies to Enhance Copper Electrocatalytic Performance for Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Electroreduction
Authors: Lombardi Simone , Mostoni Silvia , Mirizzi Lorenzo , Scotti Roberto , Viscardi Rosanna , Muhyuddin Mohsin , D'Arienzo Massimiliano , Santoro Carlo
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3−RR) is being recognized as a sustainable approach to synthesizing ammonia which is essential for the chemical industry and a key agricultural input conventionally produced through the hard‐to‐abate Haber Bosch process. Among various transition metals, copper‐based electrocatalysts stand out in efficaciously carrying out this reaction owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. In this context, here, current state of research and advanced scientific understandings of employing Copper for NO₃−RR are succinctly, but comprehensively, presented while focusing on its design strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance. First, the NO3−RR reaction mechanisms taking place at the surface of copper are described, followed by a discussion of its unique attributes in facilitating ammonia electrosynthesis. Then, various electrocatalyst fabrication routes and designing strategies are reviewed, emphasizing the role of the evolved structure, morphology, textural properties and surface chemistries in improving the reaction kinetics. Nanostructuring, facet and defect engineering, support, doping, alloying, heterojunction and the role of single active catalysts (SACs) centers as the key parameters for enhanced electrocatalytic behavior are highlighted.
Facile Synthesis Toward Surface Decorated Ir1Ox@Pd35 with Low Iridium Content for Highly Efficient and Durable Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Choi Hosung , Ji Choi Hee , Choi Hyuckjae , Na Geumbi , Lee Jongmin , Kim Shin‐Yeong , Kim Junha , Shin Yoojin , Cho Yong‐Hun , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: February 2025

Herein, we introduce an iridium‐decorated palladium nanocluster (Ir1Ox@Pd35) synthesized via an epoxide‐assisted sol‐gel method. The nanocluster had a unique surface‐decorated structure, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and synchrotron‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Structural characterization indicated that the Ir shell inhibited Pd growth by forming a porous surface‐decorated structure, contributing to enhanced activity. With low Ir loading (0.10 mgIr cm−2), Ir1Ox@Pd35 exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction activity and durability compared to commercial IrO2. Ir1Ox@Pd35 also exhibited high performance and durability in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), including a 20‐fold increase in Ir utilization compared to IrO2‐based systems. Featuring tailored structures and enhanced Ir utilization, Ir1Ox@Pd35 offers a sustainable path for PEMWEs.
Neural ordinary differential equation‐based model predictive controller for regulating glucose concentration in a fed‐batch CHO cell bioreactor
Authors: Chiu Kuo‐Chun , Du Dongping
Published: February 2025

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry to produce recombinant proteins. Effective process control is crucial for managing biomanufactured product production in response to increasing market demand. Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced controller compared to the traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for handling complex nonlinear systems. However, existing MPC controllers fail to address challenges related to control accuracy, model plant mismatch (MPM), and computational load simultaneously. Neural ordinary differential equation (ODE), capable of effectively modelling dynamics within complex systems at high computational efficiency, has the potential to tackle these limitations. This study developed a neural ODE model‐based MPC to dynamically maintain glucose concentration in a fed‐batch CHO cell bioreactor simulation system. Additionally, benchmark studies were conducted to compare the control performance of neural ODE‐MPC with neural network (NN)‐based MPC and long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based MPC. The results demonstrate that neural ODE‐MPC can provide reliable control performance in managing glucose concentration with lower control errors, small MPM, and higher computational efficiency compared to the benchmark systems. In conclusion, neural ODE‐MPC has the potential to address MPC challenges and enhance production efficiency in future industrial applications.
Fast DNA‐Based Molecular Classifier for Cancer Diagnosis Using Freeze‐Thaw Cycling†
Authors: Cao Mengyao , Xiong Xiewei , Li Li , Pei Hao
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Monitoring and analyzing expression levels of multiple biomarkers in biological samples can improve disease risk prediction and guide precision medicine but suffers from high cost and being time‐consuming. Here, we construct a fast molecular classifier based on freeze‐thaw cycling that implements an in silico support vector machine (SVM) classifier model at the molecular level with a panel of disease‐related biomarkers expression patterns for rapid disease diagnosis. The molecular classifier employs DNA reaction networks as the computing module and repeated dehydration and concentration process as the driving force to implement a set of simplified mathematical operations (such as multiplication, summation and subtraction) for efficient classification of complex input patterns. We demonstrate that the fast DNA‐based molecular classifier enables precise cancer diagnosis within a short turnaround time in synthetic samples compared to those of free diffusion classifiers. We envision that this all‐in‐one molecular classifier will create more opportunities for inexpensive, accurate, and rapid disease diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, particularly in emergency departments or the point of care.
Modular Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Dragocins A—C and Their Analogues: Discovery of a Potential Anticancer Agent
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Wang Jianjun , Wang Peng , Song Ni , Liu Xue‐Wei , Li Ming
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

Dragocins A—C are structurally unique marine natural products featuring an uncommon tri‐oxa‐tricyclic[6.2.1]undecane moiety. However, their extremely low natural abundance has hindered extensive screening of their bioactivities. We hereby describe an efficient and modular approach to synthesizing dragocins A—C and their analogues using commercially available and inexpensive anisomycin and D‐ribosyl thioglycoside derivative as the starting materials. A key feature of our synthesis is the construction of the uncommon tri‐oxa‐tricyclic[6.2.1]undecane skeleton. This challenging architecture is achieved by the stereocontrolled formation of the β‐ribofuranosidic bond and the DDQ (2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone)‐promoted intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative etherification at the benzylic position. Our synthesis is also characterized by the successful installation of a chlorine atom and a methoxy group at the tertiary C‐4' position via a late‐stage silver‐catalyzed decarboxylative chlorination reaction and an electrophilic etherification reaction of the enol intermediate. Cytotoxicity evaluations of the synthesized compounds revealed demethyl dragocin A, the N‐demethylated derivative of dragocin A, as a potential anticancer candidate due to its strong cytotoxicity against A549 lung, HCT116 colorectal and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. This work also demonstrated the preliminary structure‐activity relationship of this compound, setting a solid foundation for developing novel anticancer candidates.
Super Resolved Structural Imaging of Mitochondrial Network using Orange Emissive Carbon Nanodots as Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Garg Richa , Kundu Runmi , Kaushik Kush , Salam Abdul , Kanti Nandi Chayan
Published: February 2025

Super‐resolution microscopy (SRM), coupled with appropriate small and photostable fluorescent probes, has revolutionized the ability to study organelle dynamics with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. An increasing trend of designing nanomaterial probes that have unprecedented advantages over organic molecular probes has become the frontier in SRM based imaging of subcellular organelles. Herein, we report the development of orange‐emissive fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) via a one‐pot synthesis that has excellent capabilities to target mitochondria. Spectroscopic analysis confirms the presence of guanidine on the surface of CNDs, thus facilitating its ability to selectively target mitochondria. The CNDs were highly capable for the super‐resolution radial fluctuation (SRRF) imaging of the mitochondrial network and the morphology. The synthesized CNDs exhibited high photostability, biocompatibility, and non‐toxicity, which could be used for their application in mitochondria‐based imaging modalities.
On the Read‐Shockley energy for grain boundaries in 2D polycrystals
Authors: Fortuna Martino , Garroni Adriana , Spadaro Emanuele
Published: February 2025

In the 50's Read and Shockley proposed a formula for the energy of small angle grain boundaries in polycrystals based on linearized elasticity and an ansatz on the distribution of incompatibilities of the lattice at the interface between two grains. The logarithmic scaling of this formula has been rigorously justified without any ansatz on the geometry of dislocations only recently in an article by Lauteri and Luckhaus. In the present paper, building upon their analysis, we derive a two dimensional sharp interface limiting functional starting from the nonlinear semi‐discrete model introduced in Lauteri and Luckhaus: the line tension we obtain via ‐convergence depends on the rotations of the grains and the relative orientations of the interfaces, and for small angle grain boundaries has the Read and Shockley logarithmic scaling.
Stability of perfectly matched layers for Maxwell's equations in rectangular solids
Authors: Halpern Laurence , Rauch Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Perfectly matched layers are extensively used to compute approximate solutions for Maxwell's equations in using a bounded computational domain, usually a rectangular solid. A smaller rectangular domain of interest is surrounded by layers designed to absorb outgoing waves in perfectly reflectionless manner. On the boundary of the computational domain, an absorbing boundary condition is imposed that is necessarily imperfect. The method replaces the Maxwell equations by a larger system, and introduces absorption coefficients positive in the layers. Well posedness of the resulting initial boundary value problem is proved here for the first time. The Laplace transform of a resulting Helmholtz system is studied. For positive real values of the transform variable , the Helmholtz system has a unique solution from a variational form that yields limited regularity for rectangular domains. When is not real the complex variational form loses positivity. We smooth the domain and, in spite of this loss, construct solutions with uniform estimates. Using the regularity, we deduce Maxwell from Helmholtz, then remove the smoothing. The boundary condition at the smoothed boundary must be carefully chosen. A method of Jerison‐Kenig‐Mitrea is extended to compensate the nonpositivity of the flux.
On Dynamics of Basic Network Creation Games With Non‐Uniform Communication Interest
Authors: Dresler Maxime , Mansour Sanaï , Talhaoui Safaâ , Yamauchi Yukiko , Tixeuil Sébastien
Published: February 2025

We consider the network construction process by selfish players. Each player is associated with a vertex of a communication graph and can simultaneously remove one incident edge and add a new incident edge. Each player is interested in a subset of players and the goal of each player is to minimize the average or maximum distance to these players. Starting from a given initial communication graph, a sequence of selfish edge swaps generates an evolution of the communication graph. Due to non‐uniform communication interest, this game may converge to a disconnected Nash equilibrium, which may attain infinite social costs. In this paper, we focus on the dynamics of this game. We first give theoretical analysis such as the existence of a best response cycle and a sufficient condition for keeping connectivity in dynamics. We then present simulation results to show the ratio of Nash equilibria with infinite cost, diameters of Nash equilibria, social cost, price of anarchy, price of stability, and convergence time.
Recursive Hybrid Compression for Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication on GPU
Authors: Zhao Zhixiang , Wu Yanxia , Zhang Guoyin , Yang Yiqing , Hong Ruize
Published: February 2025

Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in scientific computing, machine learning, and data analysis. The performance of SpMV on GPUs is crucial for accelerating various applications. However, the efficiency of SpMV on GPUs is significantly affected by irregular memory access patterns, high memory bandwidth requirements, and insufficient exploitation of parallelism. In this paper, we propose a Recursive Hybrid Compression (RHC) method to address these challenges. RHC begins by splitting the initial matrix into two portions: an Ellpack (ELL) portion and a Coordinate (COO) portion. This partitioning is followed by further recursive division of the COO portion into additional ELL and COO portions, continuing this process until predefined termination criteria, based on a percentage threshold of the number of nonzero elements, are met. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic partitioning method to determine the optimal threshold for partitioning the matrix into ELL and COO portions based on the distribution of nonzero elements and the memory footprint. We develop the RHC algorithm to fully exploit the advantages of the ELL kernel on GPUs and achieve high thread‐level parallelism. We evaluated our proposed method on two different NVIDIA GPUs: the GeForce RTX 2080 Ti and the A100, using a set of sparse matrices from the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection. We compare RHC with NVIDIA's cuSPARSE library and three state‐of‐the‐art methods: SELLP, MergeBase, and BalanceCSR. RHC achieves average speedups of 2.13, 1.13, 1.87, and 1.27 over cuSPARSE, SELLP, MergeBase, and BalanceCSR, respectively.
Research on Multi‐Scale Parallel Joint Optimization CNN for Arrhythmia Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Wenping , Wang Huibin , Chen Zhe , Zhang Lili
Published: February 2025

The morphological characteristics of electrocardiograms (ECGs) serve as a fundamental basis for diagnosing arrhythmias. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), leveraging their local receptive field properties, effectively capture the morphological features of ECG signals and have been extensively employed in the automatic diagnosis of arrhythmias. However, the variability in the duration of ECG morphological features renders single‐scale convolutional kernels inadequate for fully extracting these features. To address this limitation, this study proposes a multi‐scale parallel joint optimization convolutional neural network (MPJO_CNN). The proposed method utilizes convolutional kernels of varying scales to extract ECG features, further refining these features via parallel computation and implementing a joint optimization strategy to enhance classification performance. Experimental results demonstrate that on the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database, this method not only achieved state‐of‐the‐art performance, with an accuracy of 99.41% and an F1 score of 98.09%, but also showed high sensitivity to classes with fewer samples.
A Robust Watermarking for Camera‐Captured Images Using Few‐Shot Learning and Simulated Noise Layer
Authors: Yuan Guoquan , Zhao Xinjian , Zhang Shuaiqi , Chen Shi , Wei Shanming
Published: February 2025

With the rise of social media and the spread of a large number of pictures on the Internet, protecting data privacy and verifying copyright has become hot research. A common method is to use digital watermarking. However, the existing blind watermarking methods only consider embedding the watermark in the image itself and ignore the fact that the attacker can remove the watermark through other shooting devices. Therefore, to solve this problem, we propose an image watermarking method based on few‐shot learning. We use an autoencoder to learn the embedding and extraction of watermarks. Then, we propose a framework named Simulated Candid Shooting Layer (SCSL). The SCSL simulates a variety of candid scenes as noise data using meta‐learning and enhances the robustness of image watermarking. Experiments show that the proposed method is superior to the state of the art in watermarking technologies in both robustness and invisibility of watermarking. Specifically, it achieved an improvement of over 8% in evaluation metrics against JPEG attacks. The proposed SCSL framework further enhanced these metrics by more than 5%.
Psychosocial Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in a Sample of Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Bellot Valenzuela Ana , Montorio Cerrato Ignacio , Muñoz Rivas Marina
Published: February 2025

The DSM‐5 classifies posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology into four distinct clusters and numerous studies have examined the psychosocial risk factors predicting these clusters across various types of trauma. However, no research has specifically explored the unique predictors of PTSD clusters in women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) This retrospective study analysed the DSM‐5‐proposed psychosocial predictors of PTSD symptom clusters (severity of violence, previous trauma, social support, emotional regulation, coping strategies and blame) in 333 women who had filed a police report for IPV. Through linear step regression analysis, five models were estimated for the four clusters and the PTSD diagnosis dissociation specifier. The findings showed both common and specific factors associated with the different PTSD clusters. Unsatisfactory emotional processing and negative self‐focussing emerged as the predominant factors common to PTSD clusters and, to a lesser extent, emotional impoverishment and emotions of guilt. Childhood trauma was identified as a risk factor in all clusters, although its influence was attenuated when emotional regulation was considered. The severity of violence was a specific predictor for the intrusion cluster, and emotional avoidance predicted the PTSD cluster of avoidance symptoms. Social support acted as a protective factor for the cluster of mood disorders. The adjusted R2 for the models ranged from 0.23 to 0.45. Taken together, the results highlight the need to distinguish specific symptom categories within the overall diagnosis of PTSD and offer an empirical perspective for better understanding and more accurate treatment for women survivors of IPV with PTSD.
KJA: Kookaburra Jellyfish Algorithm Based Task Offloading in UAV‐Enabled Mobile Edge Computing Network
Authors: Umarji Anand R. , Chouhan Dharamendra
Published: February 2025

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is extensively utilized for supporting diverse mobile applications and the Internet of Things (IoT). One of MEC's prime operations is utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) included with the MEC servers for providing computational aids for offloaded tasks by mobile users in temporal hotspot regions or a few emerging situations like sports areas or environmental disaster regions. However, despite the various merits of UAVs executed with MEC servers, it is constrained by their insufficient sensible energy consumption and computational resources. Furthermore, owing to the complication of UAV‐aided MEC systems, energy consumption optimizations and computation resource optimizations cannot be obtained better in conventional optimization schemes. In this research, the kookaburra jellyfish algorithm (KJA) is presented for task offloading in a UAV‐enabled MEC network. The main objective is to enhance the efficiency of task offloading in UAV‐enabled MEC networks by optimizing energy consumption, computational resources, and communication time using the KJA. Initially, the UAV‐enabled MEC network model is simulated. Next, task computation is performed, and thereafter, task uploading is carried out. Then, task offloading is executed using KJA with consideration of multiobjective models, namely, energy consumption, communication time, and cost. Moreover, KJA is devised by integrating kookaburra optimization algorithm (KOA) with jellyfish search optimizer (JSO). Afterward, the task offloading process and data transmission are conducted. In addition, KJA obtained minimum energy, load, and time of 0.448 J, 0.122, and 1.036 s.
8 × 200 Gbps Hybrid PON and Digital Filter Multiple Access Incorporating Fiber‐FSO Link Impairments in a Wheel Architecture
Authors: Kumari Meet , Arya Vivek
Published: February 2025

Digital filter multiple access passive optical network (DFMA‐PON) is adopted in recent years as it offers the high bandwidth, elastic network slicing, low latency, fixed data rate, and massive end‐user comparability. To overcome limited system capacity, low transmission rate and fiber fault in existing DFMA‐PONs, a wheel architecture based full‐duplex 8 × 200 Gbps DFMA‐PON integrated system using fiber and free space optics (FSO) link is presented in this paper. Results depict that maximum FSO channel range can be attained up to 2600 m together with 50 km fiber range under weak‐to‐strong turbulent, haze, rain, fog, and snow conditions. Besides, faithful fiber reach of 200 km can be obtained with fixed 100 m FSO distance at receiver sensitivity of −17.2 dBm and 1.5 dB power penalty. System can support 230 numbers end units at high optical signal to noise ratio of 29–88 dB with 50–200 Gbps throughput, together with high split ratio of 256 to −3.2 dB high gain as well as 2 dB noise figure. In addition, the comparative analysis with the previous work reveals that the proposed architecture offers optimum results than existing PONs. This system helps to enhance the disaster resilience with high network security, reliability, and survivability of 5G based networks.
Postmortem Redistribution of Oxycodone
Authors: Defraia Beatrice , Focardi Martina , Aprile Anna , Vogliardi Susanna , Bianchi Ilenia , Menozzi Lorenzo , Favretto Donata
Published: February 2025

The abuse of oxycodone (OC) as a “recreational” drug has increased in the last two decades the risk of fatalities. We report two drug‐related deaths in which OC intoxication was considered the cause of death. Two brothers, a 19‐year‐old male (Subject 1) and a 27‐year‐old male (Subject 2), were found dead in their bedroom, lying on their beds. They were testified as alive in the morning, both deeply sleeping and loudly snoring in their beds; they were found dead later in the afternoon. On death scene investigation, two packs of 40 mg OxyContin extended release and one alprazolam blister were found. The external examination was performed 72 h after death with the collection of blood from femoral vein, vitreous humor, and urine samples. There were no trace of injection and no external signs of injury. A complete autopsy was performed 10 days after death with the collection of peripheral blood from the femoral vein; central blood from the right ventricle; urine; gastric contents; and bile, adipose tissue, kidney, liver, brain, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissue samples. The toxicological ascertainment evidenced the presence of OC, alprazolam, and bromazepam in fluids and tissues. For Subject 1, the concentration of OC in peripheral blood collected 72 h after death (0.33 mg/L) was similar to the concentration in vitreous humor (0.41 mg/L); vitreous humor to peripheral blood ratio was 1.24. Ten days after death, OC levels were more than 10 times higher in peripheral blood (5.14 mg/L) and about six times higher compared to central blood specimen (1.78 mg/L), while OC levels in urine were, as expected, analogous. For Subject 2, OC concentration in peripheral blood collected 72 h after death (0.50 mg/L) was similar to vitreous humor (0.87 mg/L). At Day 10 after death, OC levels were four times higher in peripheral blood (2.10 mg/L) while levels in central blood were lower (0.40 mg/L). OC concentration in urine was substantially similar at the two times of collection. OC levels in gastric contents were quite high (more than 50 mg/L). The analyses of specimens collected at two different times clearly demonstrate variation of blood OC concentrations with time. Postmortem redistribution from organs was also evidenced by high concentrations of OC in tissues such as the liver and kidney.
Application of DNA Methylation–Based Age Estimation to Construct an Age Structure of Humpback Whales in a Newly Emerged Wintering Ground Around Hachijojima Island, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan
Authors: Igarashi Kohei , Tanabe Atsushi , Sahara Hiroeki , Nozaki Reiko , Kondo Hidehiro , Katsumata Taiki , Tamura Shingo , Yamakoshi Tadashi , Mori Mizuki , Miyagi Marin , Nakamura Gen , Kanda Naohisa , Murase Hiroto
Published: February 2025

Using a noninvasive DNA methylation (DNAm)–based age estimation method, we investigate the age structure of humpback whales that newly emerged around Hachijojima Island, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan to uncover the role of this area for this species. We measured DNAm frequencies at three age‐related genes (GRIA2, CDKN2A, and TET2) from 26 biopsy skin samples of 21 unique humpback whales (15 males and 6 females) randomly collected in the winters of 2018–2021 and estimated their ages using the known age estimation model for humpback whales. The estimated ages of the 21 individuals were 2.95–30.40 years old with a mean of 12.02, and the resulting age structure in 5‐year increments was roughly normally distributed with a peak at 10.00–14.99 class, suggesting the dominance of young adult males in this water. The observations (young males, male aggressive behavior for mating, whale song, and mother–calf pair) indicated that newly emerged humpback whales appeared to utilize Hachijojima Island as their new wintering ground, expanding the northern limit of the wintering area in the western North Pacific from previously known.
Prevalence of iron deficiency in acute and chronic heart failure according to different clinical definitions
Authors: Lanser Lukas , Pölzl Gerhard , Messner Moritz , Ungericht Maria , Zaruba Marc‐Michael , Hirsch Jakob , Hechenberger Stefan , Obersteiner Stefan , Koller Bernhard , Haschka David , Ulmer Hanno , Weiss Guenter
Published: February 2025

Aims

Iron is essential to maintain cellular energy metabolism in the myocardium. Impaired cellular iron availability negatively affects myocardial physiology and can aggravate heart failure (HF). Iron deficiency (ID) is frequently found in patients with acute and chronic HF (AHF, CHF) and associated with clinical outcome. The aim of this analysis was to assess the true ID prevalence in HF patients on the basis of different ID definitions.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 329 AHF and 613 CHF patients, recruited between 02/2021 and 05/2022 at the Innsbruck Medical University (47%/32% female, median age 81/64 years). ID was defined according to a general definition, gastroenterology and cardiology guidelines as ferritin <30 or <45 ng/mL or <100/ng/mL (absolute ID), ferritin 30–100 or 45–150 or 100–299 ng/mL plus TSAT <20% (combined ID), and ferritin >100 or >150 or ≥300 ng/mL plus TSAT <20% (functional ID).

Results

ID prevalence was significantly higher in AHF compared with CHF patients: general definition (74.8% vs. 32.6%, P < 0.001), gastroenterology guidelines (75.7% vs. 34.7%, P < 0.001), cardiology guidelines (79.9% vs. 47.3%, P < 0.001). We found distinctive differences in prevalence of ID types between the three definitions. Absolute ID prevalence was highest when applying cardiology compared with gastroenterology guidelines and general definition (AHF: 44.7% vs. 20.4% vs. 7.0%; CHF: 34.1% vs. 13.4% vs. 7.2%), while frequency of combined ID was almost equally distributed. Functional ID prevalence was highest when applying general definition compared with gastroenterology and cardiology guidelines (AHF: 34.7% vs. 23.4% vs. 11.6%; CHF: 13.1% vs. 9.0% vs. 3.4%). Out of 494 patients classified as having absolute or combined ID according to the cardiology guidelines, only 252 patients received the same classification while 107 and 135 patients were classified having no and functional ID when applying the general definition.

Conclusions

We show that ID prevalence is higher in AHF versus CHF patients in a continuous cohort of HF patients managed at the same institution over the same period of time. There were distinctive differences in detection of ID and the type of ID when applying several recommended definitions thus affecting sensitivity and specificity for absolute and functional ID detection. This may result in exclusion of patients, which may benefit from iron supplementation and inclusion of those who may not respond or even anticipate site effects. Our study calls for the urgent need of prospective trials for redefinition of ID and identification of biomarkers associated with therapeutic response to optimize patient outcomes.
A Stable Hexacoordinated Arsenic(V) Dication
Authors: Yasui Tomoki , Chishiro Akane , Sakabe Masato , Sato Soichi , Yumura Takashi , Kanaori Kenji , Naka Kensuke , Imoto Hiroaki
Published: February 2025

Polycations of main‐group elements have emerged as a significant research focus in recent years. Hypercoordinated dications having heavier pnictogens, such as antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi), as a central atom have been extensively studied due to their large atomic radii. However, limited research has been conducted on the corresponding dications of lighter pnictogens such as phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As). In this study, we synthesized a 2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl (ppy)‐ligated arsenic dication ([(ppy)3As][SbCl6]2 and [(ppy)3As]Cl2) as a first example of novel hexacoordinated arsenic‐centered dication species. This arsenic‐centered dication species demonstrates remarkable stability at high temperatures and in hot water. Both experimental and computational analyses indicated that their exceptional stability is primarily due to strong As–N interactions. Notably, the arsenic‐centered dication species exhibits greater stability than their antimony counterparts.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Aziridines: A Perspective View from Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Ju Xuan , Lee Miseon , Leung Joyce C. , Lee Jaehee
Published: February 2025

Aziridine is the smallest nitrogen‐containing heterocycle. It is not only an important synthetic target but also a useful building block for constructing nitrogen‐containing biologically active molecules. Due to the unique properties and reactivity of aziridine, interest in its applications in synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceutical industry has grown rapidly in recent years. This review highlights the significance of aziridines as end products and/or precursors of medicinally relevant molecules, scope and synthetic applications of aziridines in pharmaceutical industry in recent decades.
Catalytic Reactions of Alkynyl Sulfides: Versatile Tools in Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Lu Wenkui , Yuan Yao , Jia Rong , Zhu Gangguo
Published: February 2025

Alkynyl sulfides, a significant class of heteroatom‐substituted alkynes, have garnered considerable attention within the synthetic community because of their distinctive characteristics, such as the enhanced reactivity, precise selectivity control, and facile derivatization via C−S bond couplings. Their transformations can provide a direct access to functionalized organosulfur and even sulfur‐free compounds in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner, which is very attractive for many fields, including organic synthesis, material science, medicinal chemistry, and life science. This review summarizes the recent progresses on catalytic reactions of alkynyl sulfides, such as the transition‐metal‐catalyzed controllable functionalizations, including hydro‐, hetero‐, and carbofunctionalizations, electrophilic additions, radical addition‐initiated functionalizations, and formal [2+n] cycloadditions, in which the reaction mechanism, selectivity control, scope and limitations are discussed in detail. Given the rapidly increasing interests and applications of sulfur‐containing compounds in both chemistry and life science, it can be anticipated that this review will be valuable for synthetic chemists and may contribute further development of the alkynyl sulfide chemistry.
Catalytic Asymmetric Azidative Functionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Zhong Fuming , Zhao Xiaodan , Liao Lihao
Published: February 2025

Aliphatic azides are an important class of nitrogen‐containing compounds found in numerous biologically active molecules. Besides, they also serve as useful building blocks owning to their remarkable reactivities. Catalytic azidation of alkenes is an efficient way to produce aliphatic azides. In this respect, azidated chiral molecules can be formed if a chiral catalyst is used. The last quarter of century has witnessed a burgeoning of new methods for catalytic enantioselective azidative functionalization of alkenes to yield chiral alkyl azides. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the asymmetric azidation of alkenes systematically, from the view of reaction models (conjugate addition, π activation, reductive elimination, and radical addition and atom transfer) combining the roles that azido sources play (nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical). This review will be useful to the fields of azide chemistry and asymmetric alkene functionalization.
Recent Advances in the α‐Hydrazination (α‐Amination) of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Visi Samuele , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: February 2025

The electrophilic α‐hydrazination (generally referred to as α‐amination) of carbonyl compounds with dialkyl azodicarboxylates is a powerful approach for the preparation of synthetically useful intermediates such as α‐amino aldehydes and ketones, α‐amino acids, and β‐amino alcohols. Many methods for the enantioselective α‐hydrazination have been published in the past and many new approaches have been disclosed in the last decade that deal with previously unresolved issues such as the direct enantioselective α‐hydrazination of α‐branched ketones. The enantioselective α‐hydrazination is the field where most significant advances have been attained thanks to new approaches, catalysts and techniques. With this review we intend to cover the literature that appeared between 2015 and 2024. We will classify the various methods according to the strategies for the enantioselective formation of the new C−N bond, mainly based on the formation of chiral enamines, enols and enolates. Miscellaneous methods are grouped at the end of the review. Where relevant, the application of α‐hydrazino carbonyl compounds to the synthesis of target molecules will also be illustrated.
Impedance Spectroscopic and Electrical Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Indium Tin Oxide/n‐CdS/p‐Si Heterojunction Solar Cell Using SCAPS‐1d and Impedance Spectroscopic Modules
Authors: Jha Prakash Kumar , Chourasia Ritesh Kumar , Srivastava Ankita , Sharma Atish Kumar , Sangani Keyur , Chourasia Nitesh K.
Published: February 2025

The impedance spectroscopic (IS) and electrical equivalent circuit analysis of the popular combination indium tin oxide/n‐CdS/p‐Si heterojunction solar cell is being carried out for the very first time in this analytical study using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS)‐1d and the IS module. In this analysis, it is aimed to uncover the device's inherent characteristics for the purpose of future advancements and improvements. Various characteristics and features, as well as the basis for future device improvements, are uncovered through rigorous analysis of the following variables: forward/reverse bias voltage, frequency, illumination intensities (dark and light mode), wavelength‐dependent capacitance–voltage, conductance‐voltage, capacitance–frequency, and capacitance–temperature. Additionally, spectral response (SR) charts that rely on wavelength are created in addition to Nyquist and Bode plots. The acquired impedance data is much enhanced by these displays. Through IS analysis, a potent method for investigating the dynamics of electrical and ionic charges inside cells is revealed. An improved comprehension of the internal voltage and doping profile in the layers is achieved through additional Mott–Schottky analysis. Bode graphs that rely on frequency provide a better way to comprehend the device's dielectric characteristics. The SR curve can be better understood with the help of these graphs.