bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential involvement of circulating exosomal miRNA-146a in disease activity andTRAF6gene expression in juvenile proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Somparn Poorichaya , Srichaimongkol Aunaymon , Jungjing Suwaphit , Wanthong Bunsita , Nanthawong Saharat , Asada Leelahavanichkul , Tangwattanachuleepron Marut , Rianthavorn Pornpimol
Published: February 2024

Background

Juvenile SLE (JSLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects children and adolescents with several unique challenges, and microRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) might be an interesting anti-inflammatory molecule. Because exosomes in the blood might protect miRNAs, the association between circulating exosomal miRNA-146a and lupus proinflammatory genes, such asIRAK1andTRAF6, was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from people with JSLE.

Methods

Blood samples from 12 patients were collected every 3 months until 1 year with the recorded disease activity, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the circulating exosomal miRNA-146a and the gene expression (IRAK1andTRAF6).

Results

The mean age was 12.60±0.43 years at diagnosis and all patients had a complete response at 12 months. According to the nanoparticle tracking analysis, the abundance of exosomes was significantly lower at 3, 6 and 12 months compared with 0 months, while the level of circulating exosomal miRNA-146a was significantly higher at 12 months than at diagnosis (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between the level of circulating exosomal miRNA-146a expression and the level ofTRAF6mRNA (r=−0.30, p=0.049). Moreover, there were correlations between circulating exosomal miRNA-146a and disease severity such as SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 score, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and proteinuria (urine protein–creatinine ratio), respectively. Therefore, increasing the level of circulating exosomal miRNA-146a, which might controlTRAF6mRNA expression, could have an effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusion

This suggests that miRNA-146a might serve as a non-invasive biomarker to evaluate the response to treatment in patients with juvenile lupus nephritis.
Validation of SPARCC MRI-RETIC e-tools for increasing scoring proficiency of MRI sacroiliac joint lesions in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Maksymowych Walter , Hadsbjerg Anna Enevold Fløistrup E F , Østergaard Mikkel , Micheroli Raphael , Pedersen Susanne Juhl , Ciurea Adrian , Vladimirova Nora , Nissen Michael S , Bubova Kristyna , Wichuk Stephanie , de Hooge Manouk , Mathew Ashish J , Pintaric Karlo , Gregová Monika , Snoj Ziga , Wetterslev Marie , Gorican Karel , Möller Burkhard , Eshed Iris , Paschke Joel , Lambert Robert GW
Published: February 2024

Background

The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) developers have created web-based calibration modules for the SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scoring methods. We aimed to test the impact of applying these e-modules on the feasibility and reliability of these methods.

Methods

The SPARCC-SIJRETICe-modules contain cases with baseline and follow-up scans and an online scoring interface. Visual real-time feedback regarding concordance/discordance of scoring with expert readers is provided by a colour-coding scheme. Reliability is assessed in real time by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), cases being scored until ICC targets are attained. Participating readers (n=17) from the EuroSpA Imaging project were randomised to one of two reader calibration strategies that each comprised three stages. Baseline and follow-up scans from 25 cases were scored after each stage was completed. Reliability was compared with a SPARCC developer, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) assessed feasibility.

Results

The reliability of readers for scoring bone marrow oedema was high after the first stage of calibration, and only minor improvement was noted following the use of the inflammation module. Greater enhancement of reader reliability was evident after the use of the structural module and was most consistently evident for the scoring of erosion (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.42/0.20) to stage 3 (0.50/0.38)) and backfill (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.51/0.19) to stage 3 (0.69/0.41)). The feasibility of both e-modules was evident by high SUS scores.

Conclusion

The SPARCC-SIJRETICe-modules are feasible, effective knowledge transfer tools, and their use is recommended before using the SPARCC methods for clinical research and tria
Understanding the association between intimate partner violence and sexually transmitted infections among women in India: a propensity score matching approach
Authors: Chakrabarty Mahashweta , Singh Aditya , Mohan Diwakar , Singh Shivani
Published: February 2024

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women can significantly impact their overall health. While numerous studies in developing nations highlight the association between IPV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the evidence available within the Indian context remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the relationship between exposure to different forms of IPV and the occurrence of STIs, using a quasi-experimental approach.

Methods

The study used a sample of 63 851 women aged 15–49 years from the latest National Family Health Survey-5. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to assess the ‘treatment effect’ from exposure to IPV (physical, emotional or sexual) in the past 12 months on STIs.

Results

About 12.2% of women (95% CI: 11.7% to 12.8%) reported symptoms of STIs at the time of the survey. Approximately 31.9% (95% CI: 31.2% to 32.7%) of women reported experiencing at least one form of IPV—either physical, emotional or sexual IPV. Of all forms of IPV, physical IPV was the most prevalent, reported by 28.6%, followed by emotional IPV (13.2%) and sexual IPV (5.7%). Women who experienced any form of IPV—whether physical, sexual or emotional—reported a higher prevalence of STIs (17.8%) as compared with those who did not experience any IPV (9.5%). The findings from the PSM analysis indicated that among the three forms of IPV, the impact of sexual IPV on STIs was the most pronounced. The average treatment effect on the treated from exposure to sexual IPV on STIs was 0.15 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.17).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence of a significant association between IPV and STIs among women in India and underscores the urgent need for intensified efforts and interventions to address both IPV and STIs, to improve the overall health and well-being of women in India.
Research on information spreading of SISIOIN model in social networks
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Niu Jingru , Feng Zhugao , Jia Yi
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on the internal law of online public opinion spreading under the conditions of different types of spreaders by constructing the model of public opinion spreading by subtypes of spreaders. The new [Formula: see text] model is constructed by abstracting factors such as netizens’ interests, emotions and views on hot events in the Internet into propensity indices. The simulation results show that the spread of public opinion after categorizing netizens is more in line with the spread of public opinion in reality. Moreover, netizens tend to show different spreading behaviors in different public opinion cases, and the degree of change in netizens’ propensity varies greatly. All the data used in the simulation experiments are real data and analyzed with real events. The research results are helpful for what kind of control strategies are adopted after the occurrence of hotspot events.
Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Obesity: Advances and Prospects
Authors: Wang Mi-Na , Zhai Miao-Xin , Wang Yi-Tong , Dai Qiu-Fu , Liu Lu , Zhao Luo-Peng , Xia Qiu-Yu , Li Shen , Li Bin
Published: February 2024

Obesity is a common metabolic syndrome that causes a significant burden on individuals and society. Conventional therapies include lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and pharmacological therapies, which are not effective and have a high risk of adverse events. Acupuncture is an effective alternative for obesity, it modulates the hypothalamus, sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity, obesity-related hormones (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and CCK), the brain-gut axis, inflammatory status, adipose tissue browning, muscle blood flow, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to influence metabolism, eating behavior, motivation, cognition, and the reward system. However, hypothalamic regulation by acupuncture should be further demonstrated in human studies using novel techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Moreover, a longer follow-up phase of clinical trials is required to detect the long-term effects of acupuncture. Also, future studies should investigate the optimal acupuncture therapeutic option for obesity. This review aims to consolidate the recent improvements in the mechanism of acupuncture for obesity as well as discuss the future research prospects and potential of acupuncture for obesity.
Dual-Notched UWB Orthogonal MIMO Antenna with Improved Gain Characteristics Using Frequency Selective Surfaces for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Devi Yalavarthi Usha , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Das Sudipta , Islam Tanvir , El Ghzaoui Mohammed
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loaded compact CPW-fed circular shaped monopole UWB antenna with dual band notch characteristics is designed on an FR-4 substrate. The propounded band-notched UWB antenna is integrated with two frequency selective surface layers referred as bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS-1) and reflector (FSS-2) to offer enhanced radiation performance. Bandpass FSS-1 enhances the gain of the antenna by improving directivity and reflector FSS-2 reflects back the backside radiation of the proposed antenna towards the forward direction thereby increasing gain and directivity of the proposed antenna. Furthermore, a two-element orthogonal MIMO antenna is proposed with improved gain using two FSS layers. The complete configuration of the proposed two-element MIMO antenna consists of CSRR-based radiating patches, monopole ground planes and two integrated FSS layers. The proposed MIMO antenna operates in UWB range from 3.46[Formula: see text]GHz to 16.02[Formula: see text]GHz with dual notches at 3.9[Formula: see text]GHz and 7.2[Formula: see text]GHz. Isolation between MIMO elements is greater than 23 dB. Both antennas are fabricated and investigated at 5.9[Formula: see text]GHz for vehicular communications. Maximum gain improvements of 8 dB and 6.4 dB are observed in case of the presented single element and MIMO antenna within the entire operating band due to the integration of dual FSS layers. The diversity performance of the suggested MIMO antenna is investigated by analyzing mean effective gain, envelope correlation coefficient, channel capacity loss and diversity gain parameters. The proposed MIMO antenna is a suitable candidate for vehicular and UWB wireless communication applications.
THE CHALLENGING SCALP–ELECTRODE INTERFACE AND THE EVOLUTION OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRODE INTEGRATED ICTs FOR ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Authors: ALARCÓN-SEGOVIA LILIAN CELESTE , MOREL ROSARIO , SPIES RUBÉN , RINTOUL IGNACIO
Published: February 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique used to measure the electrical activity of the brain. The use of EEG is very important for the diagnosis of traumatic brain events and mental states such as injury, stroke, depression and many others including the COVID-19 brain fog syndrome. The quality of EEG signals largely depends on the nature of the interface between the surface of the electrode material and the surface of the scalp from where the electrical brain signals are acquired. The scalp surface is composed of an epidermic substrate with hair, grease, dirt, dandruff, skin peels and eventually many different hair products. The electrodes must combine several properties including electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. They also must be manufactured with shapes designed to overcome the inherently complex nature of the scalp–electrode interface. This review reports the latest advances in the design of materials, surface coatings, conductive gels and information and communication technologies being developed to increase the quality of measurement of brain electrical signals in EEG protocols.
EVOLUTION OF WEAR AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF Bi ALLOY-LAMINATED Al/TiO2 COMPOSITE STRIPS FABRICATED VIA APB PROCESS
Authors: ASADOLLAHI YAZDI H. , GHRIBI WADE , ABBOOD MANAL A. , AL-RUBAYE AMEER H. , MOHAMED KARRAR HATIF
Published: February 2024

In this study, Bi alloy AA1100/TiO2/AA5083 composites were produced by accumulative press bonding (APB) for the first time. In the first step, two bars of aluminum alloys 1100 and 5083 with 5[Formula: see text]wt.% of uniformly scattered TiO2 particles were stacked together and pressed with a 50% reduction ratio. Then, this process was continued up to six steps. Corrosion properties of composites were studied by potential dynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution. So, in this investigation and as its novelty, a considerable improvement was revealed in the main electrochemical parameters as a result of enhancing the influence of APB steps and the inert character of the particles. Moreover, using the wear test, the wear resistance of these bi alloy composites has been studied vs the APB steps. Also, the wear and electrochemical experiments showed that corrosion and wear resistance of samples were improved by the APB steps by 70% and 34%, respectively.
An Improved First-Order Shear Deformation Theory for Wave Propagation Analysis in FG-CNTRC Beams Resting on a Viscoelastic Substrate
Authors: Gawah Qais , Bourada Fouad , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Tahir Saeed I. , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Yaylacı Murat
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to analyze the wave propagation in functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beams placed on a viscoelastic foundation utilizing an improved first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The material properties are derived from the mixture rule. Four carbon nanotube distribution patterns are considered in the analysis. The extended Hamilton’s Principle is utilized to derive the governing wave equations for the CNTRC beam. A comparison between the present theory results and those in the literature is conducted for validation. The wave dispersion investigation is mainly based on the phase and group velocities. The results illustrate the wave propagation responses for the different CNT configurations. In addition, the influence of the CNTs volume fraction, foundation stiffness parameters, and damping coefficient on the wave characteristics is examined.
Semi-Analytical Formula for Estimating Variance Response of Megawatt Wind Turbine Tower Under Parked Condition
Authors: Huang Guoqing , Long Tao , Liu Min , Yuan Ding , Peng Liuliu , Tan Xing
Published: February 2024

As the supporting structure of the wind turbine, the tower is important for the safety of the wind turbine. The accurate estimation of tower response is critical for the wind turbine tower design. In the preliminary design, lots of calculations are necessary to determine design parameters. The traditional time domain calculation suffers its low efficiency and hinders the design progress. To overcome this difficulty, the frequency domain analysis should be developed, especially for the large wind turbine which may be significantly affected by the aerodynamic damping. In this study, a semi-analytical formula for the variance of the tower base bending moment is developed from the frequency domain analysis at parked condition. First, based on the quasi-steady theory and the three-component (mean, background and resonant components) method commonly used in the wind-resistant design of structure, the analytical formula of the variance for the tower base bending moment is presented considering the three components of the wind velocity. Second, the analytical formula is corrected based on the comparison with the calculation result by FAST. In the correction, the empirical aerodynamic damping is adopted. Finally, the applicability of the developed semi-analytical formula is verified by 5[Formula: see text]MW, 10[Formula: see text]MW and 15[Formula: see text]MW wind turbines.
Application of the Elastic Curve Equation for the Verification of Structures Assimilable to Continuous Beams
Authors: Gimena Faustino N. , Gonzaga Pedro , Goñi Mikel , Valdenebro José Vicente , Senosiain María
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes the beam under isolated and uniform loads, extending this calculation towards the structural type of the continuous beam, by means of a single expression of the elastic curve. A general expression of the bending is proposed, deduced by integrating the different differential equations of the elastica, associated to each section between discontinuities produced by the loads. In this paper, support reactions are incorporated into the load system. Therefore, the continuous beam is understood as a bar made up of sections aligned between discontinuities. With this, the isostatic beam, the hyperstatic beam and the continuous beam can be treated by means of the same integrated expression of the displacement, also called the Macaulay method. Equivalent notations are provided to the expression of bending for the cases of traction–compression and torsion, obtained through the same reasoning and sequence of operations. The formulation of elastic type and the associated operations shown allow us to cover the analysis of the generic structural form, which we can define as the beam of any number of spans, or continuous beam of [Formula: see text] spans. The load system is also generalized, being able to contemplate loads of a different nature and form of distribution, both static and mobile. The examples that have been developed always provide analytical results of solicitation and deformation. They intend to explain the systematic path followed from the approach of the structural problem to its mathematical modelling, and the resolution procedure developed to obtain useful values for the structural verification. In these examples, an increasing degree of complexity and generalization has been followed. The expressions obtained are validated by comparing them with those that are usual in the structural literature for the same or similar problems.
Tight wavelet frames on the space of M-positive vectors
Authors: Skopina M.
Published: February 2024

Wavelets on the sets of [Formula: see text]-positive vectors in the Euclidean space are studied. These sets are multidimensional analogs of the half-line in the Walsh analysis. Following the ideas of the Walsh analysis, the space of [Formula: see text]-positive vectors is equipped with a coordinate-wise addition. Harmonic analysis on this space is also similar to the Walsh harmonic analysis, and the Fourier transform is such that there exists a class of so-called test functions (with a compact support of the function itself and of its Fourier transform). Tight wavelet frames consisting of the test functions are studied. A complete description of the masks generating such frames is given, and an algorithmic method for constructing them is developed. These frames may be very useful for applications to signal processing because some examples of such systems on the half-line were already investigated in this aspect, and it appeared that they have an advantage over classical wavelet systems when used for processing fractal signals and images.
Topological properties of basins of attraction of width bounded autoencoders
Authors: Beise Hans-Peter , Da Cruz Steve Dias
Published: February 2024

In [A. Radhakrishnan, M. Belkin and C. Uhler, Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(44) (2020) 27162–27170], the authors empirically show that autoencoders trained with standard SGD methods form basins of attraction around their training data. We consider network functions of width not exceeding the input dimension and prove that in this situation, such basins of attraction are bounded and their complement cannot have bounded components. Our conditions in these results are met in several experiments reported in [A. Radhakrishnan, M. Belkin and C. Uhler, Overparameterized neural networks implement associative memory, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117(44) (2020) 27162–27170] and we thus address a question posed therein. We also show that under some more restrictive conditions, the basins of attraction are path-connected. The necessity of the conditions in our results is demonstrated by means of examples.
Smoothing algorithms for nonsmooth optimization over the Stiefel manifold with applications to the graph Fourier basis problem
Authors: Zhu Jinlai , Huang Jianfeng , Yang Lihua , Li Qia
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we consider a class of nonsmooth and nonconvex optimization problems over the Stiefel manifold where the objective function is the summation of a nonconvex smooth function and a nonsmooth Lipschitz continuous convex function composed with a linear mapping. Besides, we are interested in its application to the graph Fourier basis problem. We propose three numerical algorithms for solving this problem, by combining smoothing methods and some existing algorithms for smooth optimization over the Stiefel manifold. In particular, we approximate the aforementioned nonsmooth convex function by its Moreau envelope in our smoothing methods, and prove that the Moreau envelope has many favorable properties. Thanks to this and the scheme for updating the smoothing parameter, we show that any accumulation point of the solution sequence generated by the proposed algorithms is a stationary point of the original optimization problem. Numerical experiments on building graph Fourier basis are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Conformal η-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton in general relativistic spacetime
Authors: Dey Santu , Hui Shyamal Kumar , Roy Soumendu , Alkhaldi Ali H.
Published: February 2024

In this research paper, we determine the nature of conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton on a general relativistic spacetime with torse forming potential vector field. Besides this, we evaluate a specific situation of the soliton when the spacetime admitting semi-symmetric energy–momentum tensor with respect to conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton, whose potential vector field is torse-forming. Next, we explore some characteristics of curvature on a spacetime that admits conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton. In addition, we turn up some physical perception of dust fluid, dark fluid and radiation era in a general relativistic spacetime in terms of conformal [Formula: see text]-Ricci–Bourguignon soliton. Finally, we examine necessary and sufficient conditions for a 1-form [Formula: see text], which is the [Formula: see text]-dual of the vector field [Formula: see text] on general relativistic spacetime to be a solution of the Schrödinger–Ricci equation.
From the classical Frenet–Serret apparatus to the curvature and torsion of quantum-mechanical evolutions. Part I. Stationary Hamiltonians
Authors: Alsing Paul M. , Cafaro Carlo
Published: February 2024

It is known that the Frenet–Serret apparatus of a space curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space determines the local geometry of curves. In particular, the Frenet–Serret apparatus specifies important geometric invariants, including the curvature and the torsion of a curve. It is also acknowledged in quantum information science that low complexity and high efficiency are essential features to achieve when cleverly manipulating quantum states that encode quantum information about a physical system.

In this paper, we propose a geometric perspective on how to quantify the bending and the twisting of quantum curves traced by dynamically evolving state vectors. Specifically, we propose a quantum version of the Frenet–Serret apparatus for a quantum trajectory in projective Hilbert space traced by a parallel-transported pure quantum state evolving unitarily under a stationary Hamiltonian specifying the Schrödinger equation. Our proposed constant curvature coefficient is given by the magnitude squared of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text] to the state vector [Formula: see text] and represents a useful measure of the bending of the quantum curve. Our proposed constant torsion coefficient, instead, is defined in terms of the magnitude squared of the projection of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text], orthogonal to both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The torsion coefficient provides a convenient measure of the twisting of the quantum curve. Remarkably, we show that our proposed curvature and torsion coefficients coincide with those existing in the literature, although introduced in a completely different manner. Interestingly, not only we establish that zero curvature corresponds to unit geodesic efficiency during the quantum transportation in projective Hilbert space, but we also find that the concepts of curvature and torsion help enlighten the statistical structure of quantum theory. Indeed, while the former concept can be essentially defined in terms of the concept of kurtosis, the positivity of the latter can be regarded as a restatement of the well-known Pearson inequality that involves both the concepts of kurtosis and skewness in mathematical statistics. Finally, not only do we present illustrative examples with nonzero curvature for single-qubit time-independent Hamiltonian evolutions for which it is impossible to generate torsion, but we also discuss physical applications extended to two-qubit stationary Hamiltonians that generate curves with both nonzero curvature and nonvanishing torsion traced by quantum states with different degrees of entanglement, ranging from separable states to maximally entangled Bell states. In the Appendix C, we examine the different curvature and torsion characteristics of the three qubit [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states under evolution by a quantum Heisenberg Hamiltonian.
Research on 3D Face Reconstruction Algorithm Based on ResNet and Transformer
Authors: Yaermaimaiti Yilihamu , Yan Tianxing , Zhao Yuhang , Kari Tusongjiang
Published: February 2024

In view of the problems of high production cost, scarcity and lack of diversity of 3D face datasets, this paper designs an end-to-end self-supervised learning 3D face reconstruction algorithm with a single 2D face image as input, which only uses 2D face datasets to complete model training. First, the improved ResNet module is introduced to preprocess the input face image. The deep residual neural network has strong feature extraction and characterization ability for the image, which can provide rich high-level semantic feature maps for the subsequent subnetwork. Then, add transformer module completely based on self-attention mechanism to the parameter prediction subnetwork, which can make different parameters of the subnetwork focus on self-related feature map information and avoid interference from invalid feature map information, so as to further improve the parameter prediction accuracy of the subnetwork. Next, training, ablation and comparison experiments were conducted on CelebA, BFM and Photoface datasets, and the combined function of pixel loss function and perceptual loss function was selected as the loss function. The experimental results show that: compared with the historical optimal results of the same network structure, the scale-invariant depth error (SIDE) and mean angle deviation (MAD) are improved by 5.9% and 10.8%, respectively, which strongly proves the effectiveness of the algorithm. Finally, in order to verify the actual effect of the 3D face reconstruction algorithm, examples are selected in this paper for reconstruction. The 3D faces generated by the algorithm all have a good sense of reality, which intuitively and effectively proves the advancement of the algorithm.
An Indentation Method for Determining the Elastic Modulus, Hardness and Film Thickness of a Tri-Layer Materials
Authors: Zhao Siwei , Li Yuanxin , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Bingbing , Zhao Minghao , Lu Chunsheng
Published: February 2024

Multilayer materials have found extensive application within the aerospace industry due to their notable mechanical attributes. The operational longevity and dependability of such materials are substantially influenced by the performance characteristics of individual layers. In this study, an indentation method was established for employing a weighting function to simultaneously characterize the elastic modulus, hardness and film thickness of tri-layer materials. The results of numerical simulations indicate that incorporating the substrate effect in such an approach allows for precise assessment of the mechanical properties of tri-layer materials with diverse thicknesses. To validate the method, nanoindentation tests were performed using two tri-layer materials (i.e., Al/Cu/304SS and Cu/Al/304SS). Further, according to numerical and experimental data, the proposed model could be reduced to evaluate the mechanical properties of a bilayer material. The present findings demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed indentation method in characterizing multilayer materials, facilitating reliable assessment in practical applications.
Dynamic analysis of an SSvEIQR model with nonlinear contact rate, isolation rate and vaccination rate dependent on media coverage
Authors: Luo Yantao , Liu Pengfei , Zheng Tingting , Teng Zhidong
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study an SSvEIQR model with nonlinear contact rate, isolation rate and vaccination rate driven by media coverage. First, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is derived. Then, the threshold dynamics of the disease are obtained in terms of [Formula: see text]: when [Formula: see text], the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium is obtained by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function; when [Formula: see text], the sufficient conditions to prove the globally stability of endemic equilibrium are obtained by applying the geometric method into the four-dimensional system, which needs to estimate the Lozinski[Formula: see text] measure of a [Formula: see text] matrix. Further, we conduct some numerical simulations to validate our theoretical results, and analyze the impact of media coverage on disease transmission, the results show that media coverage could effectively suppress the spread of the disease and reduce the number of infected individuals. Finally, through the sensitivity analysis of [Formula: see text], we obtain some measures to control the spread of the disease, such as reducing contact, strengthening isolation and vaccination.
Stability analysis of a pine wood nematode prevention and control model with delay
Authors: Li Jia , Ding Yuting
Published: February 2024

Pine wilt disease is a destructive forest disease with strong infectivity, a wide spread range and high difficulty in prevention and control. Since controlling Monochamus alternatus, the vector of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) can reduce the occurrence of pine wilt disease efficiently, the parasitic natural enemy of M. alternatus, Dastarcus helophoroides, is introduced in this paper. Considering the influence of parasitic time of D. helophoroides on the control effect, based on the mutualistic symbiosis and parasitic relationship among pine wood nematode, M. alternatus and D. heloporoides, this paper establishes a pine wood nematode prevention and control model with delay. Then, the stability of positive equilibrium and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are discussed. Besides, we obtain the normal form of Hopf bifurcation by applying the multiple time scales method. Finally, numerical simulations with two sets of meaningful parameters selected by means of statistical analysis are carried out to support the theoretical findings. Through the comparative analysis of numerical simulations, the factors affecting the control effect of pine wilt disease are obtained, and some suggestions are put forward for practical control in the forest.
Characterizations of warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifolds of Sasakian manifold
Authors: Mofarreh Fatemah , Lee Jae Won , Ali Akram , Atceken Mehmet
Published: February 2024

A warped product submanifold, whose tangent bundle can be decomposed to two orthogonal distributions; invariant and pointwise slant, is called a warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifold. The objective of this paper is to classify warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifolds, isometrically immersed into a Sasakian manifold. Park [25] provided the (non)-existence of a warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifold in a Sasakian manifold such that the structure vector field is tangential to fibers. In contrast, we provide intriguing theorems on warped product pointwise semi-slant submanifolds in a Sasakian manifold in terms of the shape operator and tensor fields such that the structure vector field is tangential to a base manifold and each fiber is a pointwise slant submanifold.
Spectral analysis of a graph on the special set 𝒮
Authors: Rao Anita Kumari , Kumar Sandeep , Sinha Deepa
Published: February 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be the ring of integer modulo [Formula: see text] with two binary operators, addition [Formula: see text] and multiplication [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a positive integer. The special set [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text]. Our purpose in the present paper is to propose a new family of interconnection networks that are Cayley graphs on this special set [Formula: see text] and denote it by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we define a relationship between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a derived graph from [Formula: see text] by removing [Formula: see text] edges, where [Formula: see text] is a known fixed value. We also give the spectrum of absorption Cayley graph, unitary addition Cayley graph, and [Formula: see text]. We also provide values of [Formula: see text] for which the graph [Formula: see text] is hyperenergetic and discuss the structural properties of this graph, such as planarity and connectedness.
Equitable path decomposition of graphs
Authors: Sahul Hamid I. , Shanmuga Priya H. , Saravanakumar S.
Published: February 2024

A decomposition of a graph is a collection of its edge — disjoint subgraphs whose union equals the edge set of the graph. A decomposition all of whose members are paths is called a path decomposition. In this paper, we introduce and initiate a study of a new variation of decomposition namely equitable path decomposition of a graph [Formula: see text] which is defined to be a decomposition in which all the members are paths and the lengths of any two paths are differ by at most one in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we initiate a study on this parameter.
Optimizing Chikungunya epidemiology control with Wolbachia using artificial neural network-based evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Gul Saeeda , Azhar Ehtsham , Ahmed Iftikhar , Jamal Muhammad
Published: February 2024

The increasing incidence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as an important public health issue led to the investigation of novel approaches to disease control. In this study, we analyze Chikungunya epidemic model in the presence of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, which is a promising biological approach for controlling vector-borne diseases. The basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text]) of the proposed model is calculated using the next generation matrix approach. In this study, we utilize a hybrid methodology that combines the genetic algorithm (GA) and interior point algorithm (IPA) to numerically solve the proposed Chikungunya epidemic model. Our investigation examines the impact of key parameters, such as biting rate, reproduction rate, mortality rate, and transmission probability, on the complex dynamics of disease classes. This analysis provides valuable insights into the transmission dynamics of Chikungunya and highlights the potential effectiveness of interventions based on Wolbachia. We conclude that the numerical findings produced using the hybrid GA and IPA are in good agreement with those obtained using the traditional fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) approach.
Influence of magnetohydrodynamics on casson nanofluid heat transfer over a radiating stretching surface
Authors: Afaq Harsa , Azhar Ehtsham , Jamal Muhammad , Ali Hashmat
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: This study is made to analyze the radiation effect in the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid when subjected to a magnetic field. The velocity slip over inclined nonlinear stretching surface in Forchheimer porous medium is taken into account. The Blood is considered as a base fluid and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as nanoparticles in this study. The basic purpose of this study is to analyze the heat transfer and MHD effects on the Casson nanofluid which is nowhere found in previous studies and this laydown a pathway for the future researches.

Significance: Growing potential of Casson fluid by considering its applications to flow and energy transfer, the current analysis can be of great significance where working fluid used is non-Newtonian in nature.

Methodology: The mathematical model consisting of flow and heat equations is solved by using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method along with shooting method in MATLAB using bvp4c solver.

Results: Graphical outputs of velocity and temperature fields are obtained for various values of magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number [Formula: see text], Forchheimer parameter [Formula: see text], permeability parameter [Formula: see text] and concentration parameter [Formula: see text]. The numerical findings of coefficient of local skin friction and local Nusselt number are also tabulated. Casson fluid parameter in an increasing order impacted decreasingly on the skin friction of the fluid while magnetic number upgrade it along the sheet. The stability of fluid flow is effected by volumetric ratio of SWCNT’s nanoparticles. The boundary line temperature increases as radiation parameter rises.
The Determinants of Part-Time Employment in the Philippines
Authors: Cassion Joseph El Roy B.
Published: February 2024

This study looked into how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the determinants of part-time employment in the Philippines. Amartya Sen has mentioned that one disparity in a person’s function capability is the occurrence of disasters such as the pandemic. Evidently, employment across the globe has been greatly affected by the pandemic as mentioned in the literature. The effect of the pandemic has been evident in the Philippines due to the policies implemented by the government such as lockdowns and other protocols to control the spread of the virus. As such due to the restrictions, a significant number of employees have lost their jobs and some engaged in part-time employment. By bridging the gap in the literature, the study looked into how the COVID-19 pandemic affects part-time employment in the Philippines by using multinomial logistic regression and making the COVID-19 pandemic an interaction time variable on the determinants. The results showed the determinants of part-time employment in the Philippines and the relationship of these determinants to part-time employment that changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the part of the government and business sector have also been drawn from this result of the study.
Method—AMIDR: A Complete Pulse Method for Measuring Cathode Solid-State Diffusivity
Authors: Ball Mitchell , Cormier Marc , Zsoldos Eniko , Haman Ines , Yu Svena , Zhang Ning , Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Johnson Michel B. , Metzger Michael , Yang Chongyin , Dahn Jeff
Published: February 2024

The Atlung Method for Intercalant Diffusion and Resistance (AMIDR) is a novel, high accuracy method for measuring solid state diffusivity and interface resistance related to the Atlung Method for Intercalant Diffusion (AMID) with several key differences. Most notably, AMIDR is designed to analyze the voltage response over time of “complete” pulses, pulses that last until an impedance steady state is reached. These differences allow for AMIDR to return diffusivity results with a higher degree of confidence than Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) and at a faster rate with higher state of charge (SOC) resolution than Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). In this study, three different lithium transition metal oxides were studied. These active materials showed very similar kinetic behaviour that varied with dependence on the fraction of Ni atoms filling sites in the Li layer. AMIDR comes with a user-friendly python program complete with a user interface that is intended to assist other researchers in measuring active material diffusivity in a controlled, repeatable manner. This program, along with instruction on its use, the results of this study from raw data to the final key kinetic metrics, and a video summary of AMIDR design are available for download at https://github.com/MitchBall/AMIDR.
Pharmacological Advances in Incretin-Based Polyagonism: What We Know and What We Don’t
Authors: Novikoff Aaron , Müller Timo D.
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in both adolescents and adults, in parallel obesity is strongly associated with the increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, heart failure, certain types of cancer, and all-cause mortality. In relation to obesity, many pharmacological approaches of the past have tried and failed to combat the rising obesity epidemic, particularly due to insufficient efficacy or unacceptable side effects. However, while the history of antiobesity medication is plagued by failures and disappointments, we have witnessed over the last 10 years substantial progress, particularly in regard to biochemically optimized agonists at the receptor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R) and unimolecular coagonists at the receptors for GLP-1 and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Although the GIP receptor:GLP-1R coagonists are being heralded as premier pharmacological tools for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, uncertainty remains as to why these drugs testify superiority over best-in-class GLP-1R monoagonists. Particularly with regard to GIP, there remains great uncertainty if and how GIP acts on systems metabolism and if the GIP system should be activated or inhibited to improve metabolic outcome in adjunct to GLP-1R agonism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in GLP-1- and GIP-based pharmacology and discuss recent findings and open questions related to how the GIP system affects systemic energy and glucose metabolism.
Ileal Schwannoma: A Rare Cause of Pelvic Mass
Authors: Jezovit Martin , Bakirli Hasan , Bakirov Ifrat , Hureibi Khalid , Bakirova Gultakin , Okolicany Roman , Janac Pavol , Meciarova Iveta , Alhwaymel Nasser , Bakirli Ilkin , Prochotsky Augustin
Published: February 2024

The incidence of small bowel schwannomas is extremely low. In the current literature, we found just a few reported small intestine schwannomas that were located in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. This study reports a surprising finding of a relatively large size ileal schwannoma in a patient whose preoperative magnetic resonance imaging described a tumour in the lesser pelvis probably derived from the right adnexa. Pfannenstiel incision was made by the gynaecology team, which found a large mass lesion arising from the small intestine and occupying nearly the entire lesser pelvis. The general surgeon was invited, and pathology was successfully managed by segmental resection of the small bowel with primary end‐to‐end anastomosis. The histopathology study reported a submucosal tumour composed of S‐100 protein‐positive spindle cells, and the diagnosis of ileal schwannoma was made. The possibility of intestinal neoplasms, including schwannomas, might be contemplated in the differential diagnosis of any pelvic mass lesions. A detailed histology study and immunohistochemical stain are required for the final diagnosis of intestinal schwannomas and to rule out malignant changes, which are extremely important for the further management of patients. To the best knowledge, our case is one of the biggest intestinal schwannomas reported in the current literature.
An Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Optimizes Double-Hidden Layer BPNN for Rapid Detection of Moisture Content of Green Tea in Processing
Authors: Zhang Zeling , Deng Liyuan
Published: February 2024

Moisture content (MC) plays a crucial role in evaluating the quality of tea processing. However, the current automated production line for green tea heavily relies on manual methods to determine MC, which leads to low productivity and inadequate automation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fast, accurate, and convenient MC detection method. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data were collected from seven stages of green tea processing and preprocessed using various techniques, such as Savitzky-Golay (SG) and detrend (DT), to reduce spectral noise. Subsequently, feature variables of the preprocessed spectral data were selected using full-band principal component analysis (PCA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). Afterwards, prediction models for MC of green tea were developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN). To address the convergence speed and local optima issues of BPNN, the study proposes an adaptive probabilistic genetic algorithm (AGA) to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of BPNN, including single and double-hidden layers, respectively. The results demonstrate that the double-hidden SG-DT-PCA-AGA-BPNN model outperforms the single-hidden layer model, achieving a high correlation coefficient (RP) of 0.994 and a low root mean square error (RMSEP) of 1.01%. This study highlights the effectiveness of increasing the number of hidden layers and using AGA to optimize the initial thresholds and weights of BPNN in improving the prediction accuracy. Furthermore, it provides a new approach to implement MC detection technology in green tea processing.