bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIABETOGENIC EFFECT OF STATINS: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
Authors: Arı Nuray
Published: July 2021

Statins, HMG CoA inhibitors, are potent hypolipidemic drugs.They are used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and some of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Long term statin therapy can cause a modest increase in new-onset diabetes risk, and there is great interest in the mechanisms for this adverse effect. Main proposed mechanisms are increased insulin resistance and some defects in insulin secretion. Many factors can affect the risk including pre-existing diabetic risk, older age and potency of statin. But clearly, the benefits of these drugs in preventing cardiovascular disease outweigh the potential risk of diabetes.The aim of this review is to give underlying pathomechanisms and clinical relevance of diabetogenic effect of statins.
                   
Peer Review History:
Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 24 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. salfarina2892@uitm.edu.my      
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com 
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RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR INDUSTRIAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: KOCA Mehmet , DURGUN Meltem Ezgi , YAPAR Evren ALGIN
Published: July 2021

Industrial development and continuity, which are indispensable for countries, depend on sustainability, which can be defined as Permanent Capability. In the basic steps of industrial sustainability, there are social, economic, and environmental factors. ISO 14001, 14004, 14005, and26000 regarding sustainability are important standards in this field. Research & Development and Technology Transfer are among the main factors that foster industrial development and continuity. Research & Development has three basic steps; it includes basic research, applied research, and experimental development, and its most important output is innovation. The industrial application of innovation or its transfer is possible with Technology Transfer, and this systematic process consists of five steps: providing the most suitable technology source to determine the most suitable option, selecting the optimum technology, having the necessary equipment and license, transferring knowledge and experience, and ensuring maximum benefit. Training and measurements are required to manage the process and for the internalization of the transferred technology. In this context, this review provides a basic and brief view of Research & Development, Technology Transfer, and Sustainability concepts and interactions, which are critical for the pharmaceutical industry.
                    
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 May 2021; Revised: 12 June; Accepted: 27 June, Available online: 15 July 2021
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file:                Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Govind Vyas, Compliance & Regulatory Officer Inva-Tech Pharmaceuticals LLC, New-Jersey, USA, govindvyas03@gmail.com
Dr. Mohammad Bayan,  Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, mbayan01@qub.ac
The Endophytic Actinobacterial Toxicity Test of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Used The BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) Method
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Fitri Lenni , Ismail Yulia Sari
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Cancer is the biggest cause of death in Indonesia. Cancer treatment efforts have been made but it could harm cancer patients. It is necessary to find another alternative from nature as an anticancer. This study aims to see the ability of endophytic actinobacterial isolates from ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an anticancer tested using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) by calculating the values of LC50 and LT50. The best value isolates from the BSLT method, then tested using phytochemical ethanol extract. The highest toxicity value was found in AJ2 isolates. LC50 and LT50 values of AJ2 isolates were 309.358 µg/ml and 11.879 hours. Phytochemical results of ethanol extract of AJ2 isolates were detected containing steroids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. AJ2 isolates which derived from ginger endophytic actinobacteria have potential as an anticancer because they have high toxic values that rised rapidly.Abstrak: Kanker menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia. Upaya pengobatan kanker sudah dilakukan namun memberikan dampak negatif bagi penderita kanker. Perlu dilakukan penemuan alternatif lain berasal dari alam sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan isolat aktinobakteri endofit asal jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebagai antikanker. 7 isolat aktinobakteri endofit jahe diuji menggunakan metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) dengan menghitung nilai LC50 dan LT50. Isolat nilai terbaik dari metode BSLT, selanjutnya diuji  menggunakan fitokimia ekstrak etanol. Nilai toksisitas tertinggi terdapat pada isolat AJ2. Nilai LC50 dan LT50 isolat AJ2 adalah 309,358 µg/ml dan 11,879 jam. Hasil fitokimia ekstrak etanol isolat AJ2 terdeteksi mengandung steroid, terpenoid, fenol, tanin, flavonoid, alkaloid dan saponin. Isolat AJ2 yang berasal dari actinobacteria endofit jahe berpotensi sebagai antikanker karena memiliki nilai toksik yang tinggi dalam waktu singkat.
Development of Kinetic Models For Biogas Production From Tofu Liquid Waste
Authors: Shitophyta Lukhi Mulia , Salsabila Anisa , Anggraini Firanita , Jamilatun Siti
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Biogas promises bioenergy to be developed as a renewable fuel to reduce the fossil energy crisis. Biogas raw material can be derived from tofu liquid waste. Biogas is processed by anaerobic digestion. This study aimed to develop a simulation of the kinetic model variations of biogas production from tofu liquid waste. The results showed that the ascending limb of the exponential equation had a greater coefficient (R2 = 1) than the ascending limb of the linear equation (R2 = 0.9574). The descending limb of the linear equation had a better coefficient (R2 = 0.9574) than the descending limb of the exponential equation (R2 = 0.95). The Gaussian model had the greatest R2 of 0.9937. Logistic growth had the greatest coefficient (R2 = 0.9951) compared to modified Gompertz (R2 = 0.9817) and exponential rise to maximum (R2 = 0.9852) in the simulation of cumulative biogas production. The fit model for kinetic biogas production from tofu liquid waste is Gaussian Model.Abstrak: Biogas merupakan salah satu bioenergi yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan dalam mengurangi krisis energi fosil. Bahan baku biogas dapat berasal dari limbah cair tahu yang diolah secara anaerobic digestion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan variasi model simulasi kinetika produksi biogas dari limbah cair tahu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persamaan eksponensial untuk grafik kenaikan memilki koefisien yang lebih besar (R2 = 1) dibandingkan grafik kenaikan dengan persamaan linier (R2 = 0,9574). Grafik penurunan pada persamaan linier memiliki nilai koefisien lebih besar (R2 = 0,9574) dibandingkan grafik penurunan pada persamaan eksponensial (R2 = 0,95). Model Gaussian menghasilkan nilai  koefisien tertinggi R2 = 0,9937. Logistic growth menghasilkan nilai R2 terbesar (0,9951) dibandingkan modified Gompertz (R2 = 0,9817) dan exponential rise to maximum (R2 = 0,9852) pada simulasi produksi biogas kumulatif. Model yang paling cocok untuk kinetika produksi biogas dari limbah cair adalah model Gaussian.
Epistemologi Keilmuan Kalam dan Fikih dalam Merespon Perubahan di Era Negara-Bangsa dan Globalisasi (Pemikiran Filsafat Keilmuan Agama Islam Jasser Auda)
Authors: Abdullah M. Amin
Published: July 2021

Clumps of Islamic scholarship include, among others, Kalam, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Philosophy, Mysticism. Also can be added Ulum al-Qurâ€™an, Ulum al-Hadith, Arabic with it various branches. In terms of â€œKalamâ€, often more popularly called Aqeedah, Fiqh is called Shariah and Sufism called Akhlaq. Thus, the Islamic religious sciences trilogy as found in Islamic religious education in schools covering Aqidah - actually a discussion on Kalam/ theology, Worship-represented by Fiqh or Shariah-and Akhlaq-whose roots are Tasawwuf. Internal relationships between all disciplines of Islamic sciences are often interrelated, because they are actually could not be segregated and separated. This kind of Islamic sciences relationship are not alike with the relationship between Mathematics, Sociology and Law where their discussions can really be separated, meanwhile the relationships among Islamic sciences indeed interrelated to one another. In such approach, then when the paper titled â€˜Kalamâ€™, in fact it discusses very indirectly related to the discussion of Fiqh / Shariâ€˜ah, Philosophy and Mysticism. When mentioned â€œKalamâ€ here means a way of life or view of religious Islamic World, which includes a variety of many disciplines in Islamic sciences. This paper is going to discuss Jasser Audaâ€™s idea to answer the questions: whether the world view of Islam colored Religiously static (ghairu qabilin li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) or vice versa, the Islamic religious world view actual dynamic (qabilun li al-niqash wa al-taghyir) so that the concepts, understanding and interpretation of the old and new can be moved on a dialogue and discussion without unnecessary tension because of the history of human development and history of Muslims continues and always on the move and change according to the motion of the universe, as in fact the planet is spinning move as the movement and rotation of the other planets. In this paper, â€œKalamâ€ will be seen in the context of historical changes in human experience, from the traditional era, then how in the modern and postmodern as well as contemporary Muslim intellectuals, as Jasser Auda react it and how about the form or format Kalam world view in a nation-state era and in the global era like nowadays. What are the implications and consequences on education, propaganda, social- community relations, politics and so on.
Kontribusi Pemikiran Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy dalam Bidang Fikih
Authors: Sufian Aan
Published: July 2021

Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy (1904-1975) argued, Muslims should be able to distinguish between the Shariâ€™ah which directly from Allah SWT, and fiqh, which is the interpretation of the Shariâ€™a by the mujtahid scholars. So far, there is an impression that Muslims in Indonesia tend to regard fiqh as a Shariâ€™a jurisprudence that should be applied absolutely. As a result, the books of fiqh regarded as a source of religious law, although the Islamic legal opinions of the school sometimes areâ€”to some howâ€”incompatible with the current context. Hasbi saw the need to do ijtihad (Islamic exertion) in favoring the benefit for the people in response to the flow of modernization because Islamic law can basically meet public needs and the needs of mankind. Hasbi offered muqaranah (comparative) method which applied not among the Islamic schools, but also between schools and modern legislation. Hasbi offered idea ijtihad jamaâ€™i (ijtihad collectively) by engaging and involving various Muslim scientists so that decisions made are closer to the truth and a much more in line with the demands of the situation and welfare of the community. Since 1940, Hasbi offered the need for having Indonesian fiqh to be a pillar for the development of the Indonesian law. Through ijtihad collectively, according to Hasbi, Indonesian Muslims could formulate and have fiqh according to the personality of the Indonesian nation
Eksistensi dan Efektivitas Surat Edaran Larangan Kangkang
Authors: Prang Amrizal J.
Published: July 2021

The Govermentâ€™s policy or the state administration officials regulation in The City of Lhokseumawe, Aceh, and its as part of a regulatory authority policy (Vrije Bevoegdheid) in government to act, based on the principle of freies ermessen or discretion. In the implementation of the government rules, this policy as a part of the operational implementation and that can not change or deviate the legislation. In fact, this policy has not been affectively implemented in the community, due to its implementation complied by most people of Lhokseumawe, whether they are compliance, identification, or Internalization.
Syariat Islam dan Budaya Hukum Masyarakat di Aceh
Authors: Melayu Hasnul Arifin , Muhammad Rusjdi Ali , Abu Bakar MD Zawawi , Makinara Ihdi Karim , Salam Abdul Jalil
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the influence of the implementation of Islamic law on the legal culture of society in Aceh. This question arises because in the last few years after the enactment of the Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) in 2015 the number of cases of sharia violations in several districts /cities in Aceh shows a fluctuating trend and tends to increase. The implementation of QHJ, with the increasing number of lashes, should be able to reduce the occurrence of violations. Why hasn't QHJ been able to reduce the number of violations? This study uses a political science approach to law with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with open-ended questionare and review of documentation. The results showed that the QHJ was not optimal in creating the legal culture of the Acehnese people. This is because (1) the legal politics of the Aceh Government are not serious in implementing QHJ, (2) there are still many Acehnese people who do not fully understand the contents of the QHJ. It can be concluded that in general the QHJ has not been maximally implemented by the Government of Aceh, especially Aceh Tamiang District and Sabang City due to several constraints including budget, human resource management and policy dissemination. This paper has implications for the change in the orientation of the Aceh Government's political and legal policies to be more comprehensive in implementing Islamic law in the future.Tulisan ini mendiskusikan pengaruh pelaksanaan syariat Islam terhadap budaya hukum masyarakat di Aceh. Pertanyaan ini muncul karena dalam beberapa tahun terakhir setelah diberlakukannya Qanun Hukum Jinayat (QHJ) tahun 2015 angka kasus-kasus pelanggaran syariat di beberapa Kabupaten/Kota di Aceh menunjukkan tren yang fluktuatif dan cenderung meningkat. Pemberlakuan QHJ, dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah cambuk, seharusnya mampu menekan terjadinya pelanggaran. Mengapa QHJ belum mampu menekan angka pelanggaran tersebut? Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ilmu politik hukum dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dengan open-ended questionare dan telaah dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa QHJ tidak maksimal dalam menciptakan budaya hukum masyarakat Aceh. Hal ini karena (1) politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh tidak serius dalam menjalankan QHJ, (2) masih banyak masyarakat Aceh yang tidak memahami secara menyeluruh isi QHJ tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum QHJ belum secara maksimal diimplementasikan oleh Pemerintah Aceh khususnya Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang dan Kota Sabang karena beberapa kendala baik anggaran, manajemen SDM dan sosialisasi kebijakan. Tulisan ini berimplikasi terhadap perubahan orientasi kebijakan politik hukum Pemerintah Aceh untuk lebih komprehensif dalam pelaksanaan syariat Islam ke depan.
Pendidikan Antikorupsi sebagai Kebijakan Non-Penal dalam Upaya Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Zhafarina Adlia Nur , Bantam Dian Juliarti
Published: July 2021

The study aims to improve the implementation of Anti-Corruption Education in the curriculum of the Indonesian tertiary education. The study is a normative-empirical legal research, which was carried out by examining both secondary and primary data. The secondary data consists of both primary and secondary legal materials obtained by library research. Furthermore, the primary data is in the form of interview & survey results obtained by interviewing informants using interview guidelines and survey results on respondents retrieved by measuring instruments which have been declared reliable and valid to measure the perception of anti-corruption education by an academic community. The results of the study in 2020 perceive that the implementation of Anti-Corruption Education in universities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta by the academic community is higher than the data from the monitoring and evaluation of Anti-Corruption Education in 2019 which was initiated by the Corruption Eradication Commission based on the experience of the study program as a respondent. This is also backed by a description of the implementation of Anti-Corruption Education in several universities, in the form of both independent and insertion courses.Penelitian yang berjudul Pendidikan Antikorupsi Sebagai Kebijakan Non-Penal Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Korupsi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan implementasi Pendidikan Antikorupsi dalam kurikulum perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif-empiris, yang mana dilakukan dengan cara meneliti data sekunder dan data primer. Data sekunder sebagaimana dimaksud terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dengan cara penelitian kepustakaan. Selanjutnya, untuk data primer sebagaimana dimaksud berupa hasil wawancara dan hasil survey yang diperoleh dengan cara wawancara kepada narasumber dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan survei kepada responden dengan mengunakan alat ukur yang telah dinyatakan reliable dan valid untuk mengukur persepsi pendidikan antikorupsi oleh sivitas akademika. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2020 ini mempersepsikan bahwa implementasi Pendidikan Antikorupsi pada perguruan tinggi di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta oleh sivitas akademika lebih tinggi dari data hasil monitoring dan evaluasi Pendidikan Antikorupsi tahun 2019 yang diinisiasi oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi berdasarkan pengalaman program studi sebagai responden. Hal ini juga didukung dengan gambaran telah terimplementasinya Pendidikan Antikorupsi di beberapa perguruan tinggi baik berupa mata kuliah mandiri maupun mata kuliah insersi.
‘Iddah Wanita Hamil Karena Zina Menurut Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Ayu Rizqa Febry
Published: July 2021

'Iddah is a common problem, but when faced with special conditions such as women who commit adultery, it becomes a complicated problem and differences of opinion arise among scholars. The scholars differ in their opinion in determining whether or not there is an 'iddah for pregnant women due to adultery. The author discusses three problems. First, how are the provisions of Islamic law to determine the 'iddah for adulterers, Second, how according to the provisions of positive law to determine the 'iddah for adulterers, Third, the arguments and methods used in fiqh to determine the 'iddah for adulterers. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach, with the type of literature research (library research). The results of the study found that the provisions of Islamic law on 'iddah for pregnant women due to adultery are that there are two opinions according to the scholars that the Shafi'i and Hanafi schools do not require 'iddah, and are allowed to marry the woman, because interfering in the form of adultery does not cause nasab relations. then it is not forbidden to marry this woman. The Maliki and Hanbali schools oblige the woman to perform her iddah, if she is pregnant then her iddah is until she gives birth, and if there is no visible pregnancy, her iddah is three times holy. Second, the positive legal provisions on 'iddah for pregnant women because of adultery also do not explain specifically about 'iddah for pregnant women due to adultery. Both in Law Number 1 of 1974 and in Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975. Third, the arguments and methods used in fiqh to determine the 'iddah for pregnant women due to adultery are according to the Shafi'i school using the provisions of QS.An -Nisa verse 24 and the hadith of the Prophet from Aisha, ra. According to the Hanafi school, it is based on the hadith of the Prophet. According to the Maliki school of thought, it comes from the words of Ibn Mas'ud, and according to the Hanbali school it comes from the QS. An-Nur verse 3.
Menghadiri Walimatul ‘Urs Yang Menampilkan Keyboard Porno (Analisis Fatwa MUI Provinsi Sumatera Utara No.32/Kep/MUI-SU/VIII/2002)
Authors: Hudafi Hamsah , Ramadhan M Salam
Published: July 2021

Kajian ini menjelaskan tentang menghadiri walimatul ‘urs atau lebih dikenal dengan pesta pernikahan yang dilaksanakan setelah akad pernikahan. Walimatul’urs yang dilakukan pada zaman sekarang memiliki dampak positif bagi mayarakat akan tetapi juga ada yang menampilkan hal negatif. Salah satunya di desa Saentis Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan yang biasanya melakukan walimatul urs dengan menampilkan keyboard porno atau lebih dikenal dengan keyboard bongkar yang menghadirkan biduan yang sexy dan berpakaian minim. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penulis bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan dan juga dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi hukum untuk memahami kajian antara hubungan hukum dan masyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa pandangan dari MUI provinsi sumatera urata menghadiri walimatul,urs yang didalamnya menampilkan keyboard porno adalah haram sesuai dengan fatwa MUI yang sudah beredar dan keyboard porno membuat banyak keresahan yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat karena suaranya yang mengganggu dan memiliki unsur pornografi.
Hukum Talak dalam Kondisi Mabuk Perspektif Ibn Rusyd
Authors: Djawas Mursyid Djawas , Jihad Azka Amalia , Dewi Kemala
Published: July 2021

Para ulama masih berbeda pendapat terkait talak orang yang sedang mabuk. Ada ulama yang menyatakan talak orang yang sedang mabuk tidak jatuh. Namunn ada juga ulama yang berpandangan talak orang mabuk dibolehkan. Salah satu tokoh ulama yang pendapat dibolehkan yaitu Ibn Rusyd yang berpandangan bahwa talak orang mabuk dibolehkan, talaknya dipandang jatuh. Perbedaan pandangan tersebut yang kemudian menarik untuk dikaji perspektif Ibn Rusyd tentang hukum talak kondisi mabuk, dalil dan metode istinbāṭ hukum Ibn Rusyd dalam menetapkan hukum talak saat kondisi mabuk, serta relevansi pendapat Ibn Rusyd terkait hukum talak dalam keadaan mabuk dalam konteks kekinian. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam kajian untuk mendapatkan pandangan Ibn Rusyd terkait hal tersebut. Menurut Ibn Rusyd, talak dalam kondisi mabuk dibagi ke dalam dua kriteria. Pertama, talak dalam kondisi mabuk yang mabuknya tidak disengaja, maka talaknya tidak sah dan tidak jatuh. Kedua, talak dalam kondisi mabuk yang mabuknya disengaja, maka talak suami jatuh. Orang mabuk berbeda dengan orang gila. Orang mabuk merusak akal sehatnya dengan keinginannya sendiri, sedangkan orang gila tidaklah seperti itu, hal itulah yang menyebakan talak orang mabuk tetap jatuh, hal itu merupakan bentuk pemberatan baginya. Dalil yang digunakan Ibn Rusyd mengacu pada surat al-Baqarah ayat 229, riwayat Malik dari Sa’id bin Musayyab dan Sulaiman bin Yasar, serta atsar sahabat, yaitu Umar Bin Khatthab. Adapun metode istinbath hukum yang digunakan Ibn Rusyd ialah metode bayani dan ta’lili. Dalam konteks kekinian, talak kondisi mabuk mungkin sekali ada dan terjadi di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Hanya saja, talak suami dalam kondisi mabuk dan dilakukan di luar peradilan secara hukum tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum, kecuali suami mengajukan permohonan talak ke Mahkamah Syar’iyah atau Pengadilan Agama di tempat domisilinya. Untuk itu, pandangan Ibn Rusyd tentang jatuhnya talak dalam kondisi mabuk yang disengaja tidak relevan dengan konteks saat ini, sebab talak hanya diakui di depan pengadilan.
Perkembangan Hukum Islam Di Indonesia: Konsep Fiqih Sosial dan Implementasinya dalam Hukum Keluarga
Authors: Darna Andi
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang perkembangan hukum Islam di Indonesia yang difokuskan pada gagasan fiqih sosial yang teraplikasi dalam hukum keluarga. Fiqih sosial adalah hasil dari upaya menggali kembali hukum Islam melalui pengkajian pada sumber-sumbernya untuk diaplikasikan dalam realitas sosial. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan hukum Islam, sedangkan datanya diperoleh dari literatur yang dianalisis secara deskrpsiptif analitis. Kajian tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa fiqih sosial erat kaitannya dengan kemaslahatan manusia dalam bingkai maqashih al-syar’iyah. Fiqih sosial dapat dilihat aplikasinya dalam hukum keluarga misalnya; masalah kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana yang memiliki hubungan dengan konsep pernikahan, batasan usia penikahan yang perlu pertimbangan kesiapan fisik, psikologis di samping aturan hukum Islam dan aturan perundang-udangan; dan hadhanah anak atau pengasuhan serta pemeliharaan anak menjadi aspek penting dalam ajaran Islam. Terkait dengan peluang untuk menerapkan fiqih sosial cukup terbuka lebar sebagai upaya menjawab problematika hukum Islam di Indonesia mencerminkan respon realitas sosial yang dapat dilihat dari fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga atau organisasi keagamaan. Sedangkan tantangannya adalah dari sebagaian ulama tradisional yang masih melihat fiqih sebagai dogma serta kendala konfigurasi politik hukum.
Penggunaan Manusia Sebagai Relawan dalam Ujicoba Obat Baru: Kajian Alquran, Hadis dan Kaedah Fiqih
Authors: Fahmi Mutiara
Published: July 2021

Selama masa pandemi, penemuan vaksin dan obat menjadi sesuatu yang sangat dinantikan semua pihak. Selain persoalan kehalalan materi obat, pengujian obat menggunakan manusia sebagai media uji juga sering menjadi tanda tanya bagi sebagian orang khususnya umat Islam. Mengingat untuk memperoleh obat yang efektif dan aman, harus dilakukan melalui serangkaian ujicoba praklinik dan klinik yang memerlukan waktu yang panjang serta melibatkan sumber daya manusia yang handal dan manusia sebagai objek ujicoba. Oleh karena semua perbuatan seorang mukallaf terkait dengan hukum taklifi, maka perlu dikaji lebih lanjut: Bagaimana pandangan Islam mengenai penggunaan manusia sebagai relawan dalam pengujian obat baru? Kajian ini mencoba menjawab secara singkat pertanyaan tersebut dari perspekstif pemahaman alquran, hadis dan kaedah fiqhiyah
Perlindungan Dan Kemanfaatan Hukum Terhadap Putusan Itsbat Nikah Di Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Bireun (Analisis Putusan Perkara No. 82/Pdt.P/2019/Ms-Br)
Authors: Filzah Nadhilah
Published: July 2021

Pencatatan nikah bersifat mutlak dimiliki oleh pasangan dan menjadi syarat administratif. Pemerintah memberikan alternatif untuk perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan di KUA yaitu melakukan istbat nikah. Menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, menyimpulkan masih ada masyarakat yang menikah dan tidak dicatatkan dengan berbagai alasan. Penulis membahas mengenai dua permasalahan. Pertama,  terkait perlindungan hukum serta kemanfaatan hukum yang didapatkan dengan melakukan istbat nikah, Kedua, menganalisis Terhadap Putusan Itsbat Nikah di Mahkamah Syar’iyyah Bireun dengan Putusan Perkara No. 82/Pdt.P/2019/MS-BR. Hasil kajian ditemukan bahwa hal yang cacat dimata hukum, maka adanya istbat perlindungan hukum  dan kemanfaatan segala hak masyarakat sebagai bagian dari warga negara wajib untuk dilindungi dalam segala permasalahan keperdataan. Dari analisis yang diuraikan, maka, ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan perkawinan tidak dicatatkan salah satunya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan sebagian golongan masyarakat, membayar biaya nikah atau akses tempat yang tidak dapat dijangkau dan faktor lain  tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan hukum Islam dan  positif.
Modern technologies of high-rise construction geodetic support
Authors: Zhidkov A.A. , Vasiutinskiy I.Y. , Vasyutinskaya S.I.
Published: July 2021

High-rise characteristics of skyscrapers in different countries, including Russia, are given. There are promising projects of constructing new skyscrapers. These high-rise structures have their own design features, they are objects of a high responsibility level, and require arranging reliable geodetic support to be constructed and operated. The specifi cs of high-rise construction geodetic support are noted. The role of high-quality support increases with the amount of fl oors. The errors of the formwork removal to the installation horizons are considered. The accuracy requirements for geodetic operations and precision of creating a planned reference network are formed. The methods of transmitting plane coordinates to high horizons and the disadvantages of the currently used technologies are shown. Recommendations for the use of new geodetic technologies in high-rise construction are formulated. The ways of high-rise structure fl uctuations geodetic monitoring based on using video displacement sensors, GPS receiver, video hydrostatic sensors and inclinometers are presented. Measurements are performed with special computer programs. The proposed geodetic technology has been tested in Russia in a number of construction sites. Recommendations on the use of modern geodetic technologies in high-rise construction, depending on the height, are presented.
Classification of the triaxial ellipsoid projections
Authors: Nyrtsov M.V. , Fleis M.E.
Published: July 2021

There are generally accepted classifications of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution according to various criteria. The projections of a triaxial ellipsoid have a number of differences from those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution; therefore, the existing classifications need to be clarified. The definitions of the main classes of cartographic projections of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution by the type of cartographic grid cannot be extended to those of a triaxial ellipsoid. At the same time, the traditional approach with the auxiliary surface is maintained. To obtain projections of a triaxial ellipsoid in transverse orientation, there is no need to recalculate through polar spherical coordinates as is done for those of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution. The transition is carried out by rotating the ellipsoid around the axes, which is much easier. In the classification of the projections of a triaxial ellipsoid according to the distortions, it is necessary to distinguish conformal, quasiconformal, equal-area projections and the ones which preserve lengths along the meridians.
Coordinate binding of images for designing phototrangulation
Authors: Pantushin V.A. , Andreev A.A.
Published: July 2021

The technology of the schemes development automation for areal coverage with aerial and space photography materials is proposed. Within its framework, a method for automatic coordinate referencing of images on the Earth’s ellipsoid surface with the subsequent determination of nomenclature sheets of topographic maps on a composite table was substantiated and implemented. The proposed method is based on the algorithms for calculating the azimuths and lengths of lines connecting the projections of the photographing points (inverse geodetic problem) and the coordinates of the images corner points’ projections (direct geodetic problem). The formulas for solving the geodetic tasks of the images coordinate referencing over long distances are obtained as a result of transforming and integrating the equations of geodetic lines described by the Claireau equation though F. Bessel’s method. It can be used when planning and performing aerial and space surveys, as well as to determine the cartographic base in order to select the starting points for photogrammetric condensation of the geodetic network. The technology is focused on the automation of phototriangulation technical design procedures and is good for linking images to the corresponding sections of electronic and digital maps.
Cartographic motifs, images and symbols in foreign painting
Authors: Shulgina O.V. , Shulgina D.P.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this publication is identifying the main patterns of depicting cartographic motifs, images and symbols in the development of foreign painting. Materials for the study were more than three hundred paintings with cartographic motifs shown on them, belonging to the brush of artists from different countries and eras. Main research methods are visual analysis; comparison of plots; historical and cultural interpretation; identification of general and particular; systematization of data. The following key features image mapping motifs in paintings by European masters were revealed
Increase of Temperature and Salinity in the Active Layer of the North-Eastern Black Sea from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Podymov O. I. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Zatsepin A. G. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Ocherednik V. V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The paper is aimed at assessing salinity and temperature variability in the upper 300-meter layer of the northeastern part of the Black Sea based on the analysis of the archival and modern expeditionary data. Methods and Results. The data on the cross-sections “coast – sea center” (with the length of 70–110 nautical miles) performed from 1999 to 2009, as well as the results of regular ship monitoring in the shelf-slope zone of the northeastern part of the Black Sea carried out in 2010–2020 were used. It was found that salinity was progressively increasing in the upper 200-meter layer during the last decade. Salinity increase, on the average, constituted annually about 0.05–0.06 PSU. An increase of temperature was also observed below the layer of temperature minimum (core of the cold intermediate layer). In particular, the lower 8.7 °C isotherm rose annually, on the average, by 11 m from its annual average depth 242 m in 2010 up to 121 m in 2020. Salinity growth led to the corresponding changes in water density that resulted in elevation of the lower boundary of the oxygen-containing layer (potential density is 15.8) from the depth of 143 m in 2010 to 124 m in 2020. Conclusions. Climatic changes have led to a noticeable salinity increase in the upper 200-meter layer of the northeastern Black Sea, as well as to a temperature increase in the layers situated below the temperature minimum layer. Though the measurements were carried out in a certain area of the shelf-slope zone, there are reasons to assume that the observed dynamics can be attributed to the entire Black Sea. Physical reasons for the observed changes require a detailed research.
Hydrodynamic Сonditions of the Bakalskaya Spit Degradation (Western Crimea) over the Past 30 Years
Authors: Divinsky B. V. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Kosyan R. D. ,   Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2021

urpose. The paper is aimed at studying the morphodynamic features of the Bakalskaya Spit evolution being influenced by the sea wind waves and swell, namely assessment of inter-annual variations in the alluvial (erosion) areas of the Bakalskaya Spit coastline, analysis of inter-annual variability of the wind wave parameters, determination of the surface wave characteristics (or a combination of a few ones) responsible for the processes of the bottom material erosion or accumulation in the coastal zone. Methods and Results. Based on the analysis of satellite images for 1984–2016, the areas of the bottom material accumulation or erosion of the Bakalskaya Spit coastline were determined. Application of the spectral wave model permitted to obtain time series of the main parameters of wind waves and swell (significant wave heights and propagation directions) in the Bakalskaya Spit coastal zone with the 1 hr time resolution for the period from 1984 to 2016. The characteristics of surface waves responsible for the coastline deformation were revealed using the discriminant analysis. Conclusions. Analysis of satellite images of the spit made it possible to distinguish three periods in the history of the Bakalskaya spit evolution: 1985–1997, 1998–2007 and 2007–2016. The first period was characterized by relative stability. The strongest erosion took place in 1998; after that the alluvial and erosion cases alternated for 10 years weakly tending to general erosion that constituted the second period. The third one that began in 2007 can be defined as the period of spit degradation accompanied by the irreversible loss of beach material. The basic parameters conditioning hydrodynamics of the Bakalskaya Spit water area are: total duration of storms; mean and maximum values of significant heights of wind waves and swell. Statistical characteristics of the wind waves’ parameters are of a fairly strong inter-annual variability. According to the mean and maximum indices, the wind waves directed close to the normal to the coastline (WSW and WNW) are the most developed. The applied discriminant analysis permitted to draw a statistically reliable conclusion that the direction of the final (mean annual) wave impact on the coastal zone, conditioning the processes of sand accumulation or erosion was set by the waves directed to NNW, at that the swell contribution was dominant. The impact degree is determined by strong storms with the directions close to the normal to the coastline, namely, the WSW ones.
A multiplier of e-consumption: The study of the developing economy
Authors: Kraiwanit Tanpat
Published: July 2021

In 2020, private consumption in Thailand grew slowly due to the COVID-19 pandemic and e-commerce has grown rapidly (Macroeconomic Strategy and Planning Division, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council of Thailand, 2020). The objectives of this study are to examine the proportion of e-consumption and private sector consumption in Thailand and to understand the multiplier effects affecting e consumption in Thailand. The internet users who have shopped and sold as merchants through online platforms across Thailand have been utilised online for this survey. The findings show that most goods and services were purchased offline, except for clothes, shoes and personal items, and communication. In contrast, goods and services for entertainment and travelling had the highest percentage of online purchases. The results of the study model show the significance of education and saving to e-consumption. Hence, the multiplier of e-consumption in this study equals 1.21. Since private consumption had a higher significance for the Thailand economy over total public consumption, it is, therefore, recommended that ICT infrastructure development should be prioritized for ease of e-consumption. Moreover, human skills need to be improved and e-retail should be encouraged
Helicobacter Pylori Negative Extra-nodal Marginal Zone B Cell Lymphoma of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Type Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Authors: Eagle Zachary , Essien Francis , Zibert Kimberly , Miller Charles , Eden Rina , Pinson Ross
Published: July 2021

Gastric MALT lymphoma is a common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that
has the potential for cure in patients found to have concomitant
Helicobacter pylori infection.1,2 This case report explores the
evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of H. pylori negative MALT lymphoma
in a patient with a history of a RYGB.
Using semi-natural and simulated habitats for seed germination ecology
Authors: Kallow Simon , Quaghebeur Katrijn , Panis Bart , Janssens Steven , Dickie John B. , Gueco Lavernee , Swennen Rony , Vandelook Filip
Published: July 2021

1. Ecologically meaningful seed germination experiments are constrained
by access to seeds and relevant environments for testing at the same
time. This is particularly the case when research is carried out far
from the native area of the studied species. 2. Here, we demonstrate an
alternative - the use of glass houses in botanic gardens as
simulated-natural habitats to extend the ecological interpretation of
germination studies. Our focal taxa were banana crop wild relatives
(Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica, M. acuminata subsp. siamea and M.
balbisiana), native to tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia. Tests
were carried out in Belgium, where we performed germination tests in
relation to exposure to sun and foliage-shading, seed burial-depth in
different heated glass house compartments, as well as seed survival and
dormancy release in the soil. We anchored the interpretation of these
studies by also conducting an experiment in a semi-natural habitat in
the species native range (M. balbisiana - Los Baños, the Philippines),
where we tested germination responses to exposure to the sun and shade.
Using temperature data loggers, we determined temperature dynamics
suitable for germination in both these settings. 3. In semi-natural and
simulated-natural habitats, seeds germinated in response to exposure to
direct solar radiation. Seed burial-depth had a significant but marginal
effect by comparison, even when seeds were buried to 7cm in the soil.
Temperatures at sun-exposed compared to shaded environments differed by
only a few degrees Celsius. Maximum temperature of the period prior to
germination was the most significant contributor to germination
responses and germination increased linearly above a threshold of 23°C
to the maximum temperature in the soil (in simulated natural habitats)
of 35°C. 4. Glass houses can provide useful environments to aid
interpretation of seed germination responses to environmental niches.
In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis C in Turkey
Authors: Sarigul Figen , Üser Ülkü , Sarı Didem , Kurtaran Behice , Önlen Yusuf , Senates Ebubekir , Gündüz Alper , Zerdali Esra , Karsen Hasan , BATIREL AYŞE , Karali Ritvan , Güner Rahmet , Yamazhan Tansu , Kose Sukran , Erben Nurettin , İnce Nevin , Koksal Iftihar , Oztoprak Nefise , YÖRÜK GÜLŞEN , Kömür Süheyla , Bal Tayibe , Kaya Sibel Yıldız , bozkurt ilkay , GÜNAL ÖZGÜR , Yıldız İlknur Esen , Inan Dilara , Barut Şener , Namiduru Mustafa , Tosun Selma , Türker Kamuran , Şener Alper , Hizel Kenan , Baykam Nurcan , Duygu Fazilet , Bodur Hurrem , Can Güray , Gül Hanefi Cem , TARTAR AyÅe SAÄMAK , Celebi Guven , Sünnetci Mahmut , Karabay Oguz , Kumbasar Hayat , Sırmatel Fatma , Tabak Fehmi
Published: July 2021

Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order
to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world. Aims: The aim of this
study was to compare direct acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment of HCV
for PWID and non-PWID in real life setting. Materials and methods: We
performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multi-center
cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with DAAs therapy
between April 1, 2017 to February 28, 2019 were included. In total,
2,713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and
2,463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment
response, follow-up and side effects of treatment were also analyzed.
Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID infected patients
(20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was
higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with
cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow
up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the
sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs
98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs
99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID
(74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: DAAs were safe and effective in PWID.
Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and
poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health
Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis.
Mucormycosis infection in severe COVID-19 patient with multiple underlying health conditions
Authors: Heydarifard Zahra , Safaei Moslem , Zadheidar Sevrin , Shafiei-Jandaghi Nazanin Zahra
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fearsome infectious disease
which cause some excessive complications along with it. the authors
present a case of acute invasive rhino-orbital mucormycosis in a
62-year-old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, who had a history of
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus along with ketoacidosis and nephropathy.