bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice of Self Assessment by Undergraduate Dental Students In Academic Study
Authors: Al Azad SMS , Talukder HK , Hossain S , Islam T , Haque A , Salahuddin M , Islam MS , Akhter N
Published: December 2012

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out with the objective of exploring the views of undergraduate dental students about practice of self assessment practice in their academic study at Government & non Government dental colleges in 2009. 1st & 2nd year dental students were the study population here. Sample size was 262.Data was collected by self administered semi structured questionnaire adapting purposive sampling. Study revealed that most of the respondents suggested practice of self assessment is necessary for academic development. The reason behind their practicing of self assessment were stated as because self assessment build self confidence & knowledge, identify gaps & laps of study, improve thyself for better academic performance, helps to build a good professional career & fulfil the aims & goals of life. Regarding the process of self assessment major portion of the respondents followed teachers suggestion & advices of their guardian as their means of self assessment most of the times. Group study, peer feedback, solving previous question, senior students advices & note khatas were used as self assessment tool. In this study it was also found that barriers regarding self assessment were excessive work load in most of the cases 164(70%). On the other hand, self assessment practice was also hampered by lack of facility for group study, non cooperative tendency of the students, lack of feedback from the teachers & frequent examination. Most of the times self assessment practice, factors affecting self assessment & also the barriers regarding self assessment are somehow related to their teachers, guardian & academic examination with the results. So if self assessment practice is being made a provision institutionally it will be beneficial for undergraduate dental students & the institutes. For this it should be ensured that there is proper institutional set up, exact organization, required resources (Faculty, technical support, stuff cooperation) & perfect coordination both intra & inter institutionally all over the country controlled by a central authority. For more information & exact concept as well as proper implementation more & more study can be done regarding self assessment in a wider scale taking all the events of self assessment into consideration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v1i1.12853 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.1(1) 2010 pp.8-15
Evaluation of Implementing Status of Diploma Nursing Curriculum in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Hossain Md Zakir , Akther Nasrin , Nazneen Rumana , Perveen Ismat Ara
Published: December 2012

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the implementing status of diploma nursing curriculum in Bangladesh according to teachers' and students views along with four specific objectives. The study was conducted at different government diploma nursing institutes of Bangladesh within July 2009 to June 2010. Teachers & students of different diploma nursing institutes were the study population. Out of them as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria data were collected by simple random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Sample size was 1107 out of which 103 teachers and 1004 students. Study revealed that out of 1107, 626 (56.8%) respondents expressed that the present diploma nursing curriculum averagely will be able to fulfill the demand of the nursing profession. Most of the respondents 1001 (90.4%) expressed their opinion that the present diploma nursing curriculum should be changed. 1088 (98.3%) responded negatively that they do not get books as per need of the curriculum. 1084 (97.9%) respondents replied negatively that they do not have sufficient teaching staff for implementing present diploma nursing curriculum. Around 583 (52.7%) respondents replied negatively that examination are not conducted perfectly as per the present curriculum. 667 (60.6%) respondents expressed about library, 609 (55.3%) expressed about practical classes & 785 (71.3%) viewed about clinical training at hospital for better implementation of diploma nursing curriculum. Study recommended that the ongoing diploma nursing curriculum to be reviewed, updated considering the context of the country as well as need of the country, books to be developed/written as per the demand of present diploma nursing curriculum and should make those available. For better implementation of diploma nursing curriculum it was also recommended that number of the relevant teachers at different nursing institutes to be increased & they should be oriented on revised updated diploma nursing curriculum, teaching methodology and evaluation or assessment of the students. For the improvement of present diploma nursing course admission policy, syllabus /course materials, teaching methods, evaluation/assessment, library, practical class and clinical training at hospitals to be changed and redesigned for the better interest of the country as well as for the nursing profession. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v1i1.12855 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.1(1) 2010 pp.25-28
The Current Researches on T Follicular Helper Cells and Associated Diseases
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Kong Cui
Published: December 2012

T follicular helper (Tfh) cell is a new subpopulation of CD4+ T cell family, whose differentiation is affected by Bcl-6, Blimp-1, STAT3, STAT5 and so on, and it could affect or decide the development of other subsets of CD4+ T cells. The important function of Tfh cell is  to help B cell mediate humoral immunity, many researches have proved that Tfh cells participate in the development of autoimmune disease, immunodeficient disease, tumor and    infectious diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i2.12843 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(2): 85-91
Pregnancy Related Acute Renal Failure in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Shamimur , Gupta Ratan Das , Islam Nazrul , Das Aparna , Shaha Atin Kumar , Khan Mohammad Ashik Imran , Rahman M Muhibur
Published: December 2012

Background: Pregnancy related acute renal (PRARF) failure is more common in developing countries than developed country. Improved antenatal care and obstetric care reduce PRARF in developed country. In Bangladesh maternal mortality rate is 3.8/1000 population of which 25% account for acute renal failure. We try to find out cause, risk factor and out come of pregnancy related acute renal failure. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done to observe the status of ARF in pregnancy in Nephrology Department of Dhaka Medical College during 2007-2008. All patients were undergone detail history, clinical examination and investigation and follow up during hospital stay. Data recorded in predesigned case record form. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS soft ware 12.5 package. All data presented as mean or percentage. The Chi square test or Fishers exact test was used to compare differences in the frequency of clinical manifestations among cases. P value <0.05 count as significant. Results: Among 57 women, the mean age was 27±6.6 years range from 17-43 years. Sixty seven percent were multrigravidae, 51% (29) was on irregular antenatal care, and 67% below primary level of education. Renal failure occur mainly in 3rd trimester of pregnancy (31.4±7.4 weeks). Common presentation is with generalized swelling (51%)and oligouria (52%) with reduce haemoglobin and leucocytosis. The mean creatinine was 6.7±3mg/dl in this series. Lower uterine caeserian section (LUCS) done in 23% cases. 56.1% had severe renal failure and 47% patients required dialysis. Complete recovery was seen in 63% cases while, 31% died and 6% patient have incomplete recovery with persistent dialysis dependent status. Septicaemia (43%) and eclampsia (19%) were the main cause of PRARF, others causes were PPH, APH, ruptured ectopic pregnancy. In 3% patients, actual cause was not identified. Poor antenatal care (p-0.027 ), severity of renal failure (p-0.066), patient requiring dialysis (p-0.025), LUCS (0.028), septicaemia (p-0.026) and low level of education (0.036) have significant effect on outcome. Conclusion: Pregnancy related acute renal failure is common with increased mortality in our study due to poor antenatal care, low level of education and multiple pregnancy. Improve obstetrical care and Nephrological care may reduce Pregnancy related acute renal failure and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12739 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 129-132
Electrolytes Status in Different Type of Acute Stroke Patients and Their Correlation with Some Common Clinical Presentation
Authors: Siddiqui Mahmudur Rahman , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Haque Md Azharul , Iqbal Md Jabed , Hossain Ahmed , Rahman Yousuf Ur , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Sazzad Asif Alam
Published: December 2012

Background: In our country, there are many studies on stroke, its associated conditions and their effect on stroke patients outcome, but a few studies on electrolytes status in stroke patients have been done in our country, even outside. Method: A total number of 100 randomly selected, clinically and CT proven acute stroke patients were studied at medicine units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Electrolytes status in different type of acute stroke patients and their association with some common clinical presentation were identified and correlated. Result: Out of 100 patients, 29% were in between 51-60 years age group & 72% were male and 28% were female patients. Majority 53% patients had Ischaemic stroke, 45% Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and only 2% had Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). 53% of total acute stroke patient had dyselectrolytaemia. Among 100 acute stroke patients, 66.66% haemorrhagic stroke and 28.30% ischaemic stroke patients had headache (p<0.05). 70.66% haemorrhagic and 30.23% ischaemic stroke patients had vomiting (p<0.05). 53% of total acute stroke patient had dyselectrolytaemia. Among 100 acute stroke patient 49 (49%) presented with vomiting from which 73.46% had dyselectrolytaemia (p<0.01). 54 (54%) presented with headache from which 74.07% had dyselectrolytaemia (p<0.001). 62.22% of haemorrhagic stroke (p<0.05) & 43.39% of ischaemic stroke (p>0.05) patients had dyselectrolytaemia. Total 36% of all stroke patients had serum sodium imbalance & 31% had serum potassium imbalance. In haemorrhagic stroke & ischaemic stroke patients, hyponatraemia (17% & 13%), hypernatraemia (1% & 3%), hypokalaemia (19% & 11%), hyperkalaemia (0% & 1%), hypochloraemia (9% & 6%) respectively. Conclusion: In haemorrhagic stroke, the incidence of electrolytes imbalance was more than ischaemic stroke and which were mostly hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12740 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 133-137
Prevalence and Pregnancy Outcome of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Bangladeshi Urban Pregnant Women
Authors: Mannan MA , Rahman MH , Ara I , Afroz H
Published: December 2012

Objective: To assess the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among the pregnant women of Dhaka city and to find out the consequences or effects of GDM on pregnancy outcome. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study followed by cohort type of study, conducted in different hospitals in Dhaka city. Initially 960 pregnant women of 24th to 28th weeks were selected purposively; plasma glucose was measured at fasting and two hours after taking 75g oral glucose load. Modified method of Carpenter and Coustan criteria was followed to diagnose GDM. For each GDM case diagnosed, one non-GDM pregnant women was taken as control after matching age and parity. Both groups were followed up to 4 wks after delivery to find out maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidities. Results: Out of 960 pregnant women 72 were GDM positive (7.5%).There was no maternal mortality but morbidities like hydramnions (p<0.001)), pre-eclampsia (p<0.001)), urinary tract infection (p<0.05), puerperial sepsis (p<0.05)) and surgical interventions (p<0.001) were more prevalent in GDM compared to non-GDM groups. The prevalence of antipartum haemorrhage, post partum haemorrhage, and eclampsia did not vary between the groups. There was one still birth, one perinatal mortality (due to respiratory distress syndrome) and one congenital anomaly observed in neonates of GDM mothers. More pre-term (p<0.01), post-term (p<0.01), low birth weight (p<0.001) and macrosomic (p<0.001) babies were found among the babies of GDM mothers than non-GDM mothers. More babies also suffered from neonatal jaundice (p<0.05) and respiratory distress syndrome (p<0.05) in GDM groups than non GDM groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in urban Bangladeshi population is about 7.5%. Maternal morbidities like hydramnios, pre-eclampsia, infections and operative interventions were observed more in GDM mothers. Pre-term, post-term and LBW babies alone with perinatal morbidities like respiratory distress syndrome, macrosomia and neonatal jaundice were more common in babies of GDM mothers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12749 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 147-151
Assessment of the Multifactorial Effect on Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Clinical Isolates from Assir Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdalla Nazar M , Haimour Waleed O , Osman Amani A , Aziz Hassan Abdul
Published: December 2012

General objectives: This study aimed at assessment of factors affecting antimicrobial sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Assir region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this study, eighty one patients presented with Staph. aureus infections either nosocomial or community acquired infections were involved by collecting nasal swabs from them at Aseer Central Hospital General Lab. These patients were from all age groups and from males and females during the period of Jan 2011- Jun 2011. These samples were undergone variable laboratory procedures mainly; bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity test using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular (PCR) for detection of mec A gene. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Results: Showed that; Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed and final results were plotted in tables. In Staph aureus MecA gene positive cases (50) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 13, 26.0%, 9, 18% and 7, 14% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 37, 74.0%, 22, 44% and 20, 40% respectively. While no sensitivity in diabetic and non diabetic patients using Oxacillin/ Mithicillin. In Staph aureus MecA gene negative cases (31) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, sensitivity in diabetic patients (5, 16.1%) and in non diabetic were (26, 83.9%). While no resistant in diabetic and non diabetic patients. In Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 1, 3.2% and 1, 3.2% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 12, 38.7% and 7, 22.6%respectively. Erythromycin in Staph aureus ( MecA gene) positive cases (50) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (5, 10%), (16-50) years were (16, 32%) and ( 50 years) were (12, 24%). Erythromycin in Staph aureus (MecA gene) negative cases (31) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (6, 19.3%), (16-50) years were (5, 16.1%) and ( 50 years) were (3, 9.7%). Conclusion: Drugs resistance is a major progressive multifactorial problem facing the treatment of Staph aureus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12750 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 152-159
Dengue: A Practical Experience of Medical Professionals in Hospital
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Basher Ariful , Amin Robed
Published: December 2012

Background: Dengue remains endemic and frequently intensifies into epidemics in Bangladesh since 2000 resulting in frequent hospitalizations. Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out to determine the clinical parameters of the subjects for hospitalization and the pattern of presentation of dengue fever in hospital care from July, 2010 to December, 2010. Result: Total 50 cases were selected consecutively and diagnosed clinically as dengue, and were classified into 3 groups, i.e. 25 cases of classical dengue fever, 3 cases of dengue fever with unusual haemorrhage, 22 cases Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF-I and DHF-II) and all were discharged uneventfully. Among them 33(66%) were male and outnumbered 17(34%) were female. Mean ages of the subjects were 30.91 ±10.314, 34.33 ± 16.29 and 33.91 ± 14.72 years in respective groups. Majority had profound weakness, headache, myalgia, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting and itching. Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, organomegaly, ascites, and pleural effusion were not infrequent complaints of Dengue haemorrhagic fever patients, whereas occasional complaints in other groups. There is a linear relationship between platelet count and SGPT (p-0.037). Hametocrit value also markely increased in dengue haemorrhagic fever (m- 42.5) but not in dengue fever with unusual haemorrhage (m-31). Biochemical marker specially Hct may be a good predictor to differentiate different presentation of dengue fever. Conclusion: Patients with dengue syndrome showed varied presentation and the symptoms were nonspecific. So much attention has to be paid for early diagnosis and management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12751 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 160-164
Estimation of Serum Ferritin - A Better Screening Test for Blood Donors
Authors: Garg Bindu , Vardhan Harsha , De AK , Sahay AP
Published: December 2012

Background: Haemoglobin and haematocrit estimation are the commonest methods used worldwide in Blood Banks to screen donors. In order to detect Non-anaemic iron deficient state in repeat donors, these tests are inadequate. Several studies have reported a high incidence of iron deficiency in repeat donors. Aims: The present study was undertaken to assess routine haematological parameters and body iron stores of blood donors in order to identify those who were potentially prone to develop iron deficiency anaemia. Method: Predonation haemoglobin, haemogram and serum ferritin were done in 116 male donors. These were divided into two groups on the basis of number of donations. Results: First time donors (81.07±97.12) had higher mean serum ferritin level than those in repeat donors (46.01±49.09). 10.52% of first time donors and 27.5% of repeat blood donors were found to be iron deficient as indicated by serum ferritin level <12 ng/ml. In addition a higher RBC count, reticulocyte % and lower MCV were noted in repeat donors. Conclusion: We concluded that haemoglobin estimation was not adequate to detect iron deficient non anaemic state in repeat blood donors. Serum ferritin proved to be a better investigation to detect the same and should be done in repeat donors. Iron supplementation for an adequate period post donation is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12754 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 174-178
Male Infertility  A Review
Authors: Ayaz KFM , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Raihan Md Raiq , Miah Md Titu , Haque Md Aminul , Siddique Ashfaque Ahmed
Published: December 2012

No Abstract AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12756 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 190-199
The Happy Doctor
Authors: Miah Md Titu , Khan Mohammad Ashik Imran , Azad Rizwana
Published: December 2012

No Abstract AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12758 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 210-211
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following Dengue Fever in Adult Patient
Authors: Qureshi NK , Begum A , Saha PR , Hossain MI
Published: December 2012

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a post infectious ascending, usually demyelinationg polyradiculoneuropathy. Dengue fever as an antecedent infection in GBS is uncommon. A 39-year-old female presented with acute flaccid weakness of both upper and lower limbs which developed in ascending and progressive fashion following a febrile illness of three days. During work-up IgM for dengue virus was found positive. Diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome was made based on neurologic manifestations, the typical CSF findings and pattern of electrophysiological study and exclusion of other pathologies. Patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. During the course of illness, she developed lower motor neuron type trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal nerve palsy and autonomic involvement. She had significant recovery and was able to talk, eat and walk six weeks later. Dengue is endemic in Bangladesh. Post dengue Guillain- Barre syndrome in adult, as shown in previous reports, should now be considered in the part of spectrum of neurological complications of this infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12772 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 246-249
Subcutaneous Emphysema without Pneumothorax or Pneumomediastinum in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Anam Ahmad Mursel , Shumy Farzana , Rahman AHM Waliur , Ur Rahaman Mohammad Ferdous , Chowdhury MA Jalil
Published: December 2012

We report a rare case of subcutaneous emphysema without pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. A 20-year-old gentleman presented with swelling of face and neck, dysphagia and dyspnoea, with the background history of fever, dry cough and weight loss. On examination, there was feeling of crepitus all over the swollen areas, and crackles heard over both lung fields. He had high ESR, with positive Mantoux Test and sputum was positive for AFB. He was put on high concentration oxygen inhalation along with anti-tubercular chemotherapy. Following treatment he was clinically and radiologically improved, and was discharged with the advice to complete the anti-tubercular chemotherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12773 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 250-251
A Calcified Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Aggarwal Sourabh , Sharma Alka
Published: December 2012

No Abstract AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12776 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 258
Tubercular Cerebellar Abscess in a 5 Years Aged Boy
Authors: Jana Pulak Kumar , Das Ira , Bairagya Tapan Das , Deb Sumit
Published: December 2012

No Abstract AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12777 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 259-260
Rubber mat ingestion
Authors: Mado Kazunari , Kubota Nobuyuki , Nakata Yasuhiko , Jinno Daijo , Takayama Tadatoshi
Published: December 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.9146 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 256-257
Pericardial Effusion - Melioidosis or Tuberculosis
Authors: Bhat Smitha , Alva Jayaprakash , Ashraf Mohammad , Hiremath Sourab , Duble Shishir
Published: December 2012

Melioidosis which is endemic in South East Asia and Northern Australia is now being reported from the Indian subcontinents as well. Meliodosis rarely presents as pericardial effusion. We report a case of B. pseudomallei causing pericardial effusion from India, where the most common infective cause of pericardial effusion is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The chronic presentation of melioidosis is not unlike tuberculosis, and the clinician must have a high index of suspicion to diagnose meliodosis, especially in geographical areas where both tuberculosis and melioidosis are prevalent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.9368 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 230-232
Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Their Association with Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age in Genetically Susceptible Women
Authors: Danileviciute Asta , Grazuleviciene Regina , Vencloviene Jone , Paulauskas Algimantas , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark
Published: December 2012

Little is known about genetic susceptibility to individual trihalomethanes (THM) in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a nested case-control study of 682 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania) and, using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, estimated an internal THM dose. We used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between internal THM dose, birth outcomes and individual and joint (modifying) effects of metabolic gene polymorphisms. THM exposure during entire pregnancy and specific trimesters slightly increased low birth weight (LBW) risk. When considering both THM exposure and maternal genotypes, the largest associations were found for third trimester among total THM (TTHM) and chloroform-exposed women with the GSTM1–0 genotype (OR: 4.37; 95% CI: 1.36–14.08 and OR: 5.06; 95% CI: 1.50–17.05, respectively). A test of interaction between internal THM dose and GSTM1–0 genotype suggested a modifying effect of exposure to chloroform and bromodichloromethane on LBW risk. However, the effect on small for gestational age (SGA) was not statistically significant. These data suggest that THM internal dose may affect foetal growth and that maternal GSTM1 genotype modifies the THM exposure effects on LBW.
The Association between the Macronutrient Content of Maternal Diet and the Adequacy of Micronutrients during Pregnancy in the Women and Their Children’s Health (WATCH) Study
Authors: Blumfield Michelle , Hure Alexis , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , Smith Roger , Simpson Stephen , Raubenheimer David , Collins Clare
Published: December 2012

Nutrition during pregnancy can induce alterations in offspring phenotype. Maternal ratio of protein to non-protein (P:NP) energy has been linked to variations in offspring body composition and adult risk of metabolic disease. This study describes the dietary patterns of pregnant women by tertiles of the P:NP ratio and compares diet to Australian recommendations. Data are from 179 Australian women enrolled in the Women and Their Children’s Health Study. Diet was assessed using a validated 74-item food frequency questionnaire. Food group servings and nutrient intakes were compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Higher maternal P:NP tertile was positively associated with calcium (P = 0.003), zinc (P = 0.001) and servings of dairy (P = 0.001) and meat (P = 0.001) food groups, and inversely associated with the energy dense, nutrient poor non-core (P = 0.003) food group. Micronutrient intakes were optimized with intermediate protein (18%E–20%E), intermediate fat (28%E–30%E) and intermediate carbohydrate (50%E–54%E) intakes, as indicated in tertile two. Results suggest a moderate protein intake may support pregnant women to consume the largest variety of nutrients across all food groups.
High Dynamics and Precision Optical Measurement Using a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) in Reflection-Mode: Application to 2D Object Tracking over a Smart Surface
Authors: Ivan Ioan , Ardeleanu Mihai , Laurent Guillaume
Published: December 2012

When related to a single and good contrast object or a laser spot, position sensing, or sensitive, detectors (PSDs) have a series of advantages over the classical camera sensors, including a good positioning accuracy for a fast response time and very simple signal conditioning circuits. To test the performance of this kind of sensor for microrobotics, we have made a comparative analysis between a precise but slow video camera and a custom-made fast PSD system applied to the tracking of a diffuse-reflectivity object transported by a pneumatic microconveyor called Smart-Surface. Until now, the fast system dynamics prevented the full control of the smart surface by visual servoing, unless using a very expensive high frame rate camera. We have built and tested a custom and low cost PSD-based embedded circuit, optically connected with a camera to a single objective by means of a beam splitter. A stroboscopic light source enhanced the resolution. The obtained results showed a good linearity and a fast (over 500 frames per second) response time which will enable future closed-loop control by using PSD.
Development of a Biosensor for Environmental Monitoring Based on Microalgae Immobilized in Silica Hydrogels
Authors: Ferro Yannis , Perullini Mercedes , Jobbagy Matias , Bilmes Sara , Durrieu Claude
Published: December 2012

A new biosensor was designed for the assessment of aquatic environment quality. Three microalgae were used as toxicity bioindicators: Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These microalgae were immobilized in alginate and silica hydrogels in a two step procedure. After studying the growth rate of entrapped cells, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured after exposure to (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) (DCMU) and various concentrations of the common herbicide atrazine. Microalgae are very sensitive to herbicides and detection of fluorescence enhancement with very good efficiency was realized. The best detection limit was 0.1 µM, obtained with the strain C. reinhardtii after 40 minutes of exposure.
Standardization of the Filovirus Plaque Assay for Use in Preclinical Studies
Authors: Shurtleff Amy , Biggins Julia , Keeney Ashley , Zumbrun Elizabeth , Bloomfield Holly , Kuehne Ana , Audet Jennifer , Alfson Kendra , Griffiths Anthony , Olinger Gene , Bavari Sina
Published: December 2012

The filovirus plaque assay serves as the assay of choice to measure infectious virus in a cell culture, blood, or homogenized tissue sample. It has been in use for more than 30 years and is the generally accepted assay used to titrate virus in samples from animals treated with a potential antiviral therapeutic or vaccine. As these animal studies are required for the development of vaccines and therapeutics under the FDA Animal Rule, it is essential to have a standardized assay to compare their efficacies against the various filoviruses. Here, we present an evaluation of the conditions under which the filovirus plaque assay performs best for the Ebola virus Kikwit variant and the Angola variant of Marburg virus. The indicator cell type and source, inoculum volumes, length of incubation and general features of filovirus biology as visualized in the assay are addressed in terms of the impact on the sample viral titer calculations. These optimization studies have resulted in a plaque assay protocol which can be used for preclinical studies, and as a standardized protocol for use across institutions, to aid in data comparison. This protocol will be validated for use in GLP studies supporting advanced development of filovirus therapeutics and vaccines.
Population-Based Home Care Services in Breast Cancer: Utilization and Costs
Authors: Mittmann N. , Isogai P.K. , Saskin R. , Liu N. , Porter J.M. , Cheung M.C. , Leighl N.B. , Hoch J.S. , Trudeau M.E. , Evans W.K. , Dainty K.N. , Earle C.C.
Published: December 2012

Objective: To determine utilization and costs of home care services (HCS) for individuals with a diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). Methods: Incident cases of invasive BC in women were extracted from the Ontario Cancer Registry (2005–2009) and linked with other Ontario health care administrative databases. Control patients were selected from the population of women never diagnosed with any type of cancer. The types and proportions of HCS used were determined and stratified by disease stage. Attributable home care utilization and costs for BC patients were determined. Factors associated with HCS costs were assessed using regression analysis. Results: Among the 39,656 BC and 198,280 control patients identified (median age: 61.6 years for both), 75.4% of BC patients used HCS (62.1% stage I; 85.7% stage II; 94.6% stage III; 79.1% stage IV) compared with 14.6% of control patients. The number of HCS used per patient–year were significantly higher for the BC patients than for the control patients (14.97 vs. 6.13, p < 0.01), resulting in higher costs per patient–year ($1,210 vs. $325; $885 attributable cost to BC, p < 0.01). The number of HCS utilized and the associated costs increased as the BC stage increased. In contrast, HCS costs decreased as income increased and as previous health care exposure decreased. Interpretation: Patients with BC used twice as many HCS, resulting in costs that were almost 4 times those observed in a matched control group. Less than an additional $1000 per BC patient per year were spent on HCS utilization in the study population.
Improving Referral of Patients for Consideration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Surgical Resection of Lung Cancer
Authors: Zuccato J.A. , Ellis P.M.
Published: December 2012

Background: Clinical trials demonstrate improved survival for patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Concerns have been raised about the implementation of those data. The present study measured rates of referral for adjuvant chemotherapy and barriers to referral, and it also evaluated a knowledge translation strategy to change practice. Methods: An audit and feedback approach was used. Using a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing thoracotomy at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, during January–December 2008, anonymized data were presented to a group of thoracic surgeons for evaluation and feedback. Results: Among 150 thoracotomies performed, 55 patients with NSCLC were potentially eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy, but only 27 (49%) were referred for it. Significant variability in referral between surgeons (19%–100%) was observed. Reasons for non-referral were poorly documented in the medical record, but appeared to be primarily the surgeon’s decision. The feedback session with surgeons produced a number of constructive suggestions to implement change in practice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that surgeon choice was the most significant barrier to implementation of adjuvant chemotherapy for nsclc. Audit and feedback was a useful knowledge translation strategy. However, longer follow-up is needed to document change in practice.
Improving the Quality of Abstract Reporting for Economic Analyses in Oncology
Authors: Ho M.Y. , Chan K.K. , Peacock S. , Cheung W.Y.
Published: December 2012

Background: he increasing cost of cancer drugs underscores the importance of economic analyses. Although guide-lines for abstract reporting of randomized controlled studies and phase i trials are available, similar rec-ommendations for conference abstracts of economic analyses are lacking. Our objectives were (1) to identify items considered to be essential in abstracts of economic analyses; (2) to evaluate the quality of abstracts submitted to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (asco), the American Society of Hematology (ash), and the International Society for Pharma-coeconomics and Outcomes Research (ispor) meetings; and (3)to propose guidelines for future abstract reporting at conferences. Methods: Health economic experts were surveyed and asked to rate each of 24 possible abstract elements on a 5-point Likert scale. A scoring system for abstract quality was devised based on elements with an average ex-pert rating of 3.5 or greater. Abstracts for economic analyses from asco, ash, and ispor meetings were reviewed and assigned a quality score. Results: Of 99 experts, 50 (51%) responded to the survey (av-erage age: 53 years; 78% men; 54% from the United States, 28% from Europe, 18% from Canada). In total, 216 abstracts were reviewed: asco, 53%; ash, 14%; and ispor, 33%. The median quality score was 75, but notable deficiencies were observed. Cost per-spective was reported in only 61% of abstracts, and time horizon was described in only 47%. Abstracts from recent years demonstrated better quality scores. We also observed disparities in quality scores for various cancer sites (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The quality of conference abstracts for economic analyses in oncology has room for improvement. Abstracts may be enhanced using the guidelines derived from our survey of experts.
What Is the Optimal Management of Dysphagia in Metastatic Esophageal Cancer?
Authors: Cavallin Francesco , Scarpa Marco , Cagol Matteo , Alfieri Rita , Castoro Carlo
Published: December 2012

Hanna et al. investigated the improvement in dysphagia score (ds) in inoperable esophageal cancer treated with endoluminal stenting or radiation therapy. [...]
Febrile Neutropenia Rates with Adjuvant Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer: Discrepancy between Published Reports and Community Practice—An Opdated Analysis
Authors: Younus J. , Vandenberg T. , Jawaid M. , Jawaid M.A.
Published: December 2012

Chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting for early breast cancer (EBC) has improved disease-free and overall survival, with benefits extended to elderly patients and to those with lymph-node-negative pathology. [...]
Response to: What Is the Optimal Management of Dysphagia in Metastatic Esophageal Cancer?
Authors: Hanna Wael C. , Ferri Lorenzo E.
Published: December 2012

We appreciate the comments and elegant statistical analysis by Dr. Cavallin and others, but we believe that they miss the forest for the trees. [...]
Formes et interprétations du passé surcomposé : unité sémantique d'une variation diatopique
Authors: de Saussure Louis , Sthioul Bertrand
Published: December 2012

Après avoir dressé un court panorama contrastif des temps surcomposés, cet article propose une analyse unifiée du passé surcomposé du français qui prend en compte non seulement les emplois normés en français standard, mais aussi les emplois en indépendante sans complément, que nous appelons absolus , essentiellement naturels dans le domaine francoprovençal (particulièrement courant en Suisse romande) et occitan ; la solution proposée repose sur la sélection pragmatique de la pertinence du procès envisagée soit au point de référence R, soit, spécifiquement pour les emplois régionaux, au moment de l’énonciation. Après avoir passé en revue les solutions habituelles aux problèmes formels et sémantiques posés par la variété de ces emplois et de leurs effets (solutions aspectuelle et solution temporelle), nous développons une analyse unifiée, sous l’hypothèse que les emplois régionaux ne contredisent pas une sémantique fondamentale pour ce temps verbal, mais au contraire, s’insère en cohérence avec elle.
Une initiation décoloniale
Authors: Simon Patrick , Luste Boulbina Seloua
Published: December 2012

Résumé Militante et universitaire sans position académique, Françoise Vergès fouille avec ténacité dans les replis de la mémoire républicaine pour exhumer l’histoire de l’esclavage et de la colonisation à l’amnésie auto-entretenue. Confrontée dès l’enfance à la violence coloniale, explicite dans l’Algérie en guerre ou plus insidieuse à la Réunion où elle grandit, elle n’a eu de cesse depuis de mêler son combat pour une France décoloniale avec ses engagements féministes. D’Alger à Berkeley et de Paris à Londres, avec La Réunion comme pôle magnétique, ses circulations ont nourri son regard décalé et acéré sur les compromissions de l’universalisme républicain avec les entreprises d’oppression raciales et sexuelles. Un regard, et une voix, attentifs à poursuivre la décolonisation inachevée des structures et des esprits.
La consistance du futur. La prévision statistique aux États-Unis et la Grande Dépression
Authors: Didier Emmanuel
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article prend pour objet le travail de prévision effectué par les statisticiens agricoles Américains pendant l'entre-deux-guerres et les difficultés qu'ils ont rencontrées pendant la Grande Dépression. À partir de cet objet, on abstrait une théorie de la consistance des agrégats sociaux grâce à laquelle on peut spécifier deux types de prévision, d'une part en régime de routine normale et, de l'autre, lorsque survient un événement exceptionnel.
Signification, représentation, idéologie : Althusser et les débats poststructuralistes
Authors: Hall Stuart , Jaquet Christophe , Lindner Kolja
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet essai tâche d'estimer la contribution d'Althusser à la reconceptualisation de l'idéologie. Au lieu de proposer une exégèse détaillée, l'essai fournit quelques réflexions générales sur les avantages théoriques découlant de la rupture althussérienne avec les conceptions marxistes classiques de l'idéologie. L'auteur soutient qu'Althusser ouvre une nouvelle perspective dans le marxisme, permettant de repenser l'idéologie de manière significativement différente.
Faut-il défendre le quotient familial ?
Authors: Allègre Guillaume
Published: December 2012

Résumé Comment la charge des enfants doit-elle être prise en compte par la fiscalité ? Faut-il défendre le système actuel de quotient familial, l’amender ou le remplacer par un crédit d’impôt pour chaque enfant ? Dans un premier temps, nous discutons des principes de justice qui justifient la prise en compte des enfants par la politique fiscale, nous présentons les logiques respectives du quotient familial et du crédit d’impôt. Puis nous tentons de répondre aux questions suivantes : le quotient familial est-il anti-redistributif ? L’administration fiscale doit-elle se fier aux échelles d’équivalence ? Un crédit d’impôt serait-il inacceptable du point de vue des familles ? En conclusion, nous discutons des modalités de réforme possible du système actuel, soit en conservant le principe du quotient familial, soit en adoptant le principe du crédit d’impôt. Nous montrons que ces deux instruments sont potentiellement plus proches que le débat public pourrait laisser penser.
Taux marginal implicite des cotisations retraite en France
Authors: Gannon Frédéric , Touzé Vincent
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les cotisations versées dans les systèmes de retraite par répartition sont intégrées dans les prélèvements obligatoires au même titre que la TVA ou l’impôt sur le revenu. Pourtant, les règles de calculs des pensions incluent des principes contributifs qui tendent à relier cotisations versées et prestations reçues. Considérer les cotisations retraite comme des impôts à part entière est donc excessif. À l’instar d’études réalisées aux États-Unis, cet article propose de mesurer le caractère fiscal des cotisations retraite en estimant le taux de taxation marginale implicite des revenus du travail qu’elles engendrent. L’article comprend deux parties. La première expose les principes généraux de la méthode d’estimation ainsi que les spécificités des règles de calculs des pensions, en France, pour les salariés de droit privé. La seconde partie donne des estimations pour différentes générations selon trois contextes d’évolution possible de la législation et compare les différences de traitement selon le sexe (différence d’espérance de vie, carrière complète vs . incomplète). La sensibilité aux hypothèses sur les valeurs des paramètres est également étudiée. Les calculs montrent que les cotisations retraite en France créent des distorsions avec une taxation marginale implicite qui peut être fortement positive ou négative, et dont l’amplitude dépend à la fois des paramètres de calcul des pensions et des caractéristiques individuelles. Sans surprise, les règles de calculs des retraites influent sur le taux marginal. Le régime à prestations définies (CNAV) crée ainsi une plus forte distorsion que les régimes à cotisations définies (Arrco et Agirc) du fait que tous les salaires ne sont pas intégrés dans le calcul de la pension.
Impact économique de la « quasi TVA sociale »
Authors: Heyer Éric , Plane Mathieu , Timbeau Xavier
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article propose une évaluation des effets macro-économiques de la « quasi TVA sociale » adoptée par le Parlement et qui devrait être mise en application en octobre 2012. Dans une première partie, nous simulons cette mesure à partir de trois scénarios différents. Nous montrons que les effets sur la croissance et l’emploi sont ambigus (compris entre +47 000 et -16 000 selon les scénarios) et dépendent de la politique de marge des entreprises mais aussi de la réaction des concurrents étrangers à cette mesure. Nous enrichissons l’analyse par un test de sensibilité des paramètres critiques du modèle en évaluant leurs effets sur l’emploi. Dans une seconde partie, nous simulons l’impact sectoriel de la mesure dont les effets à attendre sur les prix TTC dépendent de la structure des salaires de chaque secteur, du taux de TVA pratiqué sur les produits ainsi que du taux de pénétration.
Les conflits liés à la présence des antennes-relais : l'intérêt d'une lecture par l'Économie de la Proximité
Authors: Olszak Eric
Published: December 2012

L’accroissement de l’utilisation du téléphone portable en France depuis le milieu des années 1990 a conduit les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile à installer de nombreuses antennes- relais à proximité des habitations. Cette présence des antennes-relais a fait l’objet depuis une décennie d’un certain nombre de recours devant les tribunaux laissant apparaître explicitement un conflit entre plusieurs parties sur l’utilisation conjointe d’un territoire. Dans cette optique, la grille de lecture proposée par l’économie de la proximité au regard d’une approche environnementale nous semble pertinente pour expliquer la survenance de ces conflits en même temps que l’absence d’accords entre les parties concernées dans le cas présent. Cet article mettra en évidence la spécificité du conflit d’usage et de voisinage lié aux antennes-relais en même temps qu’il analysera la survenance du conflit et les difficultés de le résoudre dans le cas présent en s’appuyant sur les concepts de proximité géographique et organisée.
Les acteurs intermédiaires dans le développement de l'innovation : une comparaison intersectorielle dans la région de Montréal
Authors: Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Klein Juan-Luis , Ben Hassen Tarek , Dossou-Yovo Angelo
Published: December 2012

Plusieurs travaux de recherche en sciences sociales ont montré que l’innovation comprend une dimension territoriale qui détermine la dynamique du processus ; les entreprises peuvent ainsi être plus ou moins innovantes selon les caractéristiques du territoire où elles se trouvent. Le rôle des organismes intermédiaires a été aussi mis en évidence. Dans ce texte, nous nous intéressons à trois secteurs, soit les technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC), l’aéronautique et le vêtement, et nous déterminons les relations entre les organismes intermédiaires et les intrants nécessaires au processus d’innovation. En nous appuyant sur l’approche des systèmes d’innovation, nous avons identifié plusieurs acteurs qui assument des fonctions d’intermédiation dans le processus d’innovation et qui ont été ciblés pour les études de cas. Notre recherche utilise une méthodologie mixte à savoir qualitative et quantitative. Nous concluons que les organisations intermédiaires réalisent différentes fonctions d’intermédiation, contribuant principalement à la base de connaissance des entreprises.
Droit de suite et analyse économique : la complexité d'un marché
Authors: Farchy Joëlle , Petrou Jessica
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article applique au cas particulier du marché de l’art une question plus générale : dans quelle mesure une règle de droit peut-elle entraver le fonctionnement d’un marché ? La confrontation de l’analyse économique du droit de suite avec la réalité des institutions et des comportements sociaux sur le marché de l’art conduit à nuancer fortement les conclusions traditionnelles de la littérature polarisée sur les seuls effets prix et revenus.
Miracle et espace social au village nahua de La Esperanza, Mexique
Authors: Ariel de Vidas Anath
Published: December 2012

Le récit d’un miracle dans la montagne proche du village nahua de La Esperanza, dans la Huastèque veracruzaine au Mexique, constitue la seule narration rapportée dans ce village au sujet de sa fondation. Cette narration, loin d’être ancrée dans des temps immémoriaux, se situe explicitement au milieu du xxe siècle et relate les offrandes à la montagne qui ont mis fin à plusieurs années de sécheresse. Or, l’analyse de cette seule histoire, mythique, permet finalement de mettre au jour celle, historique, du village. Elle révèle ainsi de manière simultanée l’éclatement et la délimitation des frontières sociales et politiques de ce groupe indien local.