bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Human Locomotion: Evaluation of Low-Cost KINECT and SHIMMER Sensors
Authors: Loose Harald , Orlowski Katja
Published: March 2013

In this paper the OptiTrack-Motion Capture System, the Microsoft KINECT sensor system and SHIMMER sensors are evaluated with respect to their applicability to the measurement of human locomotion in 3D-space. The both sensor systems KINECT and SHIMMER are evaluated with respect to the accuracy and precision of any measurement, to their repeatability and reliability of raw data, to the consistency of the underlying kinematical model. The OptiTrack system is used only as a reference for the other two sensor types (gold standard). Several experiments are explained and analyzed. Problems and ways to overcome them as well as their adaptability to different application fields are discussed.
New Method of Measurements of Magnetic Characteristics in Two Perpendicular Axis of Amorphous Ribbon
Authors: Frydrych Piotr , Szewczyk Roman , Salach Jacek , Trzcinka Krzysztof
Published: March 2013

The paper presents new method, which enables measurement of magnetic characteristics of amorphous alloy ribbons in two directions. In presented method a frame shaped core is placed in middle layer of PCB (Printed Circuit Board). Magnetizing and measuring coils on every side of core enable measurements of both axis of tape. The results show, that differences in magnetic properties in two directions of tape caused by anisotropy are limited. Research opens possibility to develop two axis fluxgate sensors and miniature cores for power conversion devices.
The Temperature Influence on the Linear Actuator Static Parameters
Authors: Waindok Andrzej , Tomczuk Bronisław
Published: March 2013

The thermal field model of the linear oscillating actuator [5, has been presented in the paper. The calculated temperature has been taken into account to obtain the correct characteristics of the permanent magnets, which are operating in raised temperature (above 293 K). The parameters of the NdFeB magnets change significantly with temperature increasing (the magnets are weaker). Thus, the phenomenon should be included in the designing of the actuators. We have determined the highest current density of the actuator winding, for which the actuator still operates properly. Using the thermal field analysis, the temperature of the whole actuator construction has been obtained. Using the correct parameters of the hot magnets in the calculation model, the static electromagnetic parameters of the actuator have been determined. They were compared with those obtained for the actuator, which is operating in the room temperature (To=293 K). It has been proved, that the parameters of the actuator are going down under the increasing of the temperature.
Load Control in Upper Limb Exercising
Authors: Maskvytis Robertas , Eidukynas Valdas , Tiknevičienė Irena , Toločka Rymantas Tadas
Published: March 2013

The aim of this research was to discuss the possibilities of inertial load control and stabilization and investigate the arm muscle loading when exercising upper limb on an inertial-load type simulator. Arm muscle activities have been investigated using computer simulation by software LifeMOD at different modes of exercising.
Balance Platform Model Parameter Identification
Authors: Nawrocka Agata , Kot Andrzej
Published: March 2013

In the first stage of the identification process was to build a model describing the system, using the measurement data recorded on input and output system [. The model was built without the knowledge of the mechanisms that occur in the process, only based on the relationship between the collected data. As an input parameter the defined type of motion was used, next converted to digital form by the real-time computer and sent to the axes control card. While the output signal was registered as a change of encoders position. Sampling time 20 ms was adopted. For each axis separately recorded measurements (signals were with different amplitudes and frequencies of motion tape device) [. In the next step the estimation was performed for the selection suitable algorithm, and the determination the parameters of model selected in the previous step [. The last step was to verify, to check the results of identification process. By comparing the signals obtained in response to a signal given the model of a registered object actual output signal, it is possible to visually estimate the accuracy of the identification and designation of the error. The last part of the article shows the results of various tests.
Commissioning and Control of the AMB Supported 3.5 kW Laboratory Gas Blower Prototype
Authors: Jastrzębski Rafał P. , Smirnov Alexander , Hynynen Katja , Nerg Janne , Sopanen Jussi , Lindh Tuomo , Heikkinen Janne , Pyrhönen Olli
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the practical results of the design analysis, commissioning, identification, sensor calibration, and tuning of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) control system for a laboratory gas blower. The presented step-by-step procedures, including modeling and disturbance analysis for different design choices, are necessary to reach the full potential of the prototype in research and industrial applications. The key results include estimation of radial and axial disturbance forces caused by the permanent magnet (PM) rotor and a discussion on differences between the unbalance forces resulting from the PM motor and the induction motor in the AMB rotor system.
Control System of a Manipulation Mechanism for Acoustical Measurement in Anechoic Chamber
Authors: Mężyk Jordan , Flach Artur , Zbrowski Andrzej
Published: March 2013

The article considers the previously presented manipulating mechanism for positioning of a microphone during acoustical measurements in anechoic chamber. Usually the aims of acoustical measurements in anechoic chamber are: estimation of Sound Power Level of the noise source, measurement of directional characteristics of an electroacoustical transducer, measurement of the sound diffusion characteristic of a given structure and a measurement of Sound Pressure Level on a given measurement grid. The specific of that kind of measurements brings up the need of measurement microphone positioning in many points of the measurement space accordingly to relevant standards. In most cases during the tests it is necessary to position the microphone in certain points on the hemisphere. In such cases utilizing of typical microphone stands impedes the measurement and extends the time needed for the tests. The presented manipulation system for a measurement microphone allows positioning the microphone on the hemisphere around the tested object as required by the standards on the Sound Power Level measurement. Its construction is a simple, rigid form aiming at little effect on the acoustic field inside the chamber whereas the control system and the software are targeted at the maximal flexibility that allows not only standard testing but also scientific research in freely selected scenarios. Since its initial introduction the system has been extended by an additional axis that is used for rotating the microphone, which allows its positioning on the line that is coincident with the centre of rotation of the turntable. Such an extension eliminates the problem of use of the corrections of the directional characteristics of the microphone when measuring the sound signal. The microphone can be positioned directly towards the source of the sound. The article briefly reviews the mechanical construction of the positioning mechanism and focuses on the structure of the control section of the drive system constructed in the manipulator. The method for cooperation of actuators and the control system is presented. Also the description is given for the internal structure of the multi-level control circuits built in the applied drives. Finally the structure of the control application is presented.
Influence of Bias Current Value on Properties of Active Magnetic Bearing
Authors: Tomczuk Bronisław , Wajnert Dawid , Zimon Jan
Published: March 2013

The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of bias current value on the active magnetic bearing (AMB) performance. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental ones. Two variants were examined. In the first one, the bias current was set to half of its maximal value. In the second case, the bias current was equal to zero. It should be noted, that in both variants of the AMB the simple PID regulator has been assumed as a controller with constant parameters. The transients have been simulated with using field-circuit method. We obtained the characteristics of the magnetic force verso the control current and rotor position. The force has been calculated using the magnetic field analysis method [1, . The transients from the computer simulation were used for determination of the AMB stability. Thus, launch of the machine should be examined against its destruction. Both, the computer simulation results and measurement ones have shown that the AMB system can be controlled by the linear regulator without any bias current. However, lack of the bias current causes higher time of the rotor settling and increases overshoot magnitude.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Electromagnetic Actuator Control
Authors: Pecolt Sebastian , Krzyżyński Tomasz
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the linear electromagnetic motor (LEM) which consists of two solenoids and a slide control with neodymium magnet bars placed on its end. The work of the electromagnetic motor is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic repulsion. The device also includes an electromagnetic brake which allows to stop the slider or to hold the slider in a fixed position, without electricity supply. The range of the slider movement is up to 50mm. The paper deals with the problem of implementation of the Genetic Algorithm GA to calculate Pareto-optimal solutions. In this process, the functions of voltage powering solenoids used to control the position of the linear electromagnetic motor are evaluated. This procedure assumes minimizing two conflicted criteria: the time of movement of the motor and the energy input. In this case the device works in the open-loop system without a feedback loop. The results of the application of the conventional PID controller are also presented, which allows precision positioning up to 1µm. The experimental results are compared with Matlab-Simulink simulations.
The Concept of an Interactive Device for Children's Lower Limbs Rehabilitation
Authors: Chuchnowska Iwona , Sękala Agnieszka
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an interactive system for childrens lower limbs rehabilitation, which aims to satisfy the essential requirements for progress in rehabilitation by stimulating a childs senses through image and sound. Brain activity measurement with an EEG sensor is used as a function steering the rehabilitation process. Through the interactive integration of the function of movement rehabilitation with mental stimulation of a child it will be possible to support the development of cognitive functions, cause-effect thinking, stimulation of the senses and to improve coordination and spatial orientation of the young patient and also encourage and motivate them to participate fully during therapy.
Using CompactRIO to Build a Virtual Driver of Hybrid Wheeled Vehicle
Authors: Kost Gabriel , Nierychlok Andrzej
Published: March 2013

The paper presents the concept of virtual driver of hybrid wheeled vehicle. For this purpose was chosen LabVIEW software and CompactRIO dedicated controller. In the LabVIEW software has been built a mathematical model of a wheeled vehicle taking into account the specific characteristics of engines and torque converter. Wheeled vehicle model has been optimized for metropolitan road conditions where there is frequent braking and acceleration of the wheeled vehicle. For the acceleration of the vehicle in the first phase of motion corresponds to the electric unit, and then at an appropriate speed drive is switched to the internal combustion engine. Using LabVIEW and CompactRIO dedicated controller it is possible to build a virtual controller used for testing hybrid powertrain of a wheeled vehicle in the laboratory. The controller requires an accurate mathematical model to build a wheeled vehicle taking into account the exact characteristics of these two units, external forces acting on wheeled vehicle (resistance movement). The use of virtual driver allows the selection of both powertrain of hybrid wheeled vehicle, to test them as engines working separately or simultaneously with the use of the synergy of energy.
Modeling of a Nonlinear Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting System as a Duffing Oscillator
Authors: Westermann Henrik , Neubauer Marcus , Wallaschek Jörg
Published: March 2013

The harvesting of ambient energy has become more important over the last years. This paper will investigate an analytical effort to predict the Duffing parameters for a magnetoelastic cantilever structure. The modeling is compared to a nonlinear harvester with point dipoles. The system consists of a harmonic excited cantilever structure with a magnetic tip mass. The beam is firmly clamped to the host structure. A second oppositely poled permanent magnet is located near the free end of the beam. The system is a bistable nonlinear oscillator with two equilibrium positions. Several studies show the better performance of the setup. The approach is not limited for energy harvesting techniques. The setup is suitable for broadband oscillations and also to tune the resonant frequency closer to the excitation frequency.
Modelling of Geared Multi-Rotor System
Authors: Orlikowski Cezary , Hein Rafał
Published: March 2013

In this paper the method of modelling a speed-varying geared rotor system is presented. The proposed approach enables us to obtain an accurate low-order lumped parameter representation of the investigated system. The final model consists of reduced modal models of an undamped beam/torsional shaft system as well as a spatially lumped model of other linear and nonlinear phenomena including gear mesh interaction.
The Detection of Nut Driver's Optimal Working Regimes Taking into Account Power Consumption and Assembly Time during Fixed Threaded Joints Assembly
Authors: Grinevich Ivans , Mozga Natalija
Published: March 2013

In given article the nut drivers electric power consumption studies depending on the corresponding fixed threaded joints assembly time are made. So far there are no recommendations from the tool manufactures for nut drivers optimal operating modes (the conclusion is made based on the attached instructions which provide instrument manufacturers), when evaluating this aspect taking into account the electrical power consumption and assembly time for different types of fixed threaded joints (wood, metal, plastic, etc.) and also taking into account obtainable tightening moments. In the examined literature sources which deal with the opportunities concerning the optimization of the automated assembly processes of fixed threaded joints, not enough attention is paid to the reduction of the instruments energy consumption which is one of the main tasks in the industrial process because it directly impacts production costs.
Urine Biomarkers Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) Have Different Patterns in Heart Failure Exacerbation
Authors: Park Meyeon , Vittinghoff Eric , Liu Kathleen D. , Shlipak Michael G. , Hsu Chi-yuan
Published: March 2013

Individuals with acute heart failure exacerbation often experience a deterioration in renal function. We sought to determine whether this deterioration is ischemic in nature and detectable by sensitive urine biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). We measured serial biomarker levels and evaluated the associations of these biomarkers with renal recovery in a cohort of hospitalized patients with acute heart failure exacerbation.
Specimen Collections from Abraham Gesner’s Geological Survey of New Brunswick (1838 to 1842)
Authors: Miller Randall F. , Buhay Diane N. , Hébert Michelle
Published: March 2013

Abraham Gesner (1797–1864), the first government-appointed geologist in a British colony, developed a collection of rocks, minerals and fossils organized for scientific study that was more than simply a collector’s curiosity cabinet. While his public museum was meant to show a variety of specimens representing the geological sciences, his New Brunswick collection was built largely for reference and documentation to support the geological survey of the Province that he conducted from 1838 to 1842. The collection of Gesner’s specimens at the New Brunswick Museum can be matched to the localities that he visited and described in his five reports, published from 1839 to 1843. Gesner’s collection of New Brunswick specimens likely represents the second oldest government geological survey collection in the British Empire.RÉSUMÉAbraham Gesner (1797–1864), premier géologue nommé par un gouvernement dans une colonie britannique, a constitué une collection de roches, de minéraux et de fossiles cataloguée aux fins d’études scientifiques : bien plus qu’une simple chambre des merveilles. Ouvert au public, son musée avait pour but d’exposer une variété de spécimens représentatifs des sciences géologiques. Quant à sa collection de spécimens du Nouveau Brunswick, elle a principalement été amassée aux fins de référence et de documentation pour appuyer l’étude géologique de la province qu’il avait menée de 1838 à 1842. La collection de Gesner exposée au musée du Nouveau Brunswick contient des spécimens recueillis dans les localités qu’il a visitées et décrites dans cinq rapports parus entre 1839 et 1843. La collection de spécimens du Nouveau Brunswick de Gesner occupe vraisemblablement le deuxième rang des plus anciennes collections de l’Empire britannique amassées à la suite d’une étude géologique commandée par un gouvernement.[Traduit par la redaction]
An Empirical Constitutive Correlation for Regular Jugged Discontinuity of Rock Surfaces
Authors: Yang Bin , Mo Sihao , Wu Ping , He Chaoqing
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a physical investigation and mathematical analysis on mechanical behavior of the regular jugged discontinuity. In particular, we focus on the creep property of structural plane with various slope angles under different normal stress through shear creep tests of structural plane under shear stresses. According to the test results, the shear creep property of structural plane was described and the creep velocity and long-term strength of the structural plane during shear creep were also investigated. An empirical formula is finally established to evaluate shear strength of discontinuity and a modified Burger model was proposed to represent the shear deformation property during creep.
In vitro Characterization of Oritavancin Clearance from Human Blood by Low-Flux, High-Flux, and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Dialyzers
Authors: Kumar Atul , Mann Henry J. , Keshtgarpour Mani , Flynn Michael A. , Deng Hong , Far Adel Rafai , Parr Thomas R. , Moriarty Susan R.
Published: March 2013

Background

Oritavancin is an investigational lipoglycopeptide antibiotic under clinical development for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. The impact of hemodialysis on plasma concentrations of oritavancin is unknown and may be important in making dosage adjustments in such patients. The present study sought to determine the clearance of oritavancin from human blood by various commercially available dialyzers in an in vitro hemodialysis model.

Methods

Three types each of low-flux (Dicea 130, F6, and Polyflux 14L) and high-flux (Revaclear, Exeltra 150, and Optiflux F160NR) dialyzers and one type of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) dialyzer (Prismaflex M100) were studied. Heparinized human blood containing oritavancin (200 mg/L) was circulated from a reservoir to the dialyzers and back to the reservoir. Fresh dialysate was pumped through the dialyzers in a countercurrent manner. Blood samples from each side of the dialyzers and contaminated dialysate samples were collected at periodic intervals. Oritavancin levels were analyzed by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method with a limit of quantification of 12.5 ng/mL and plasma clearances of oritavancin were calculated.

Results

The mean dialytic clearance of oritavancin was insignificant for each of the low-flux, high-flux and CRRT dialyzers. Clinically significant amounts of oritavancin were not detected in dialysate during any of the experimental dialysis sessions.

Conclusions

The clearance of oritavancin from human blood by the dialyzers used in this study is insignificant. Further clinical studies would be required before making changes in dosage of oritavancin in hemodialysis patients.
Generation, Detection and Prevention of Gaseous Microemboli during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedure
Authors: Lou Song , Ji Bingyang , Liu Jinping , Yu Kun , Long Cun
Published: March 2013

Neuropsychological injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most serious and costly complications arising from the procedure. Gaseous microemboli (GME) have long been implicated as one of the principal causes. There are two major sources of GME: surgical and manual manipulation of the heart and arteries; and the components of the extracorporeal circuit, including the type of pump, different perfusion modes, the design of the oxygenator and reservoir, and the use of vacuum assisted venous drainage (VAVD), all of which have a great impact on the delivery of existing GME to the patients. Transcranial Cranial Doppler (TCD) has been used for more than two decades to assess and monitor the quality of extracorporeal perfusion with regard to the blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and emboli detection, contributing to the achievement of better perfusion results. The Emboli Detection and Classification (EDAC) Quantifier has been able to detect and track microemboli in CPB circuits up to 1,000 microemboli per second at flow rates ranging from 0.2 L/min to 6.0 L/min. The deleterious effects of GME are multiple, including damage to the cerebral vascular endothelium, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, complement activation, leukocyte aggregation, increased platelet adherence, and fibrin deposition in the micro-vasculature. Improvements in perfusion equipment and in perfusion and surgical techniques have led to a dramatic reduction in the occurrence of GME during cardiac surgery. Although the clinical relevance of cerebral air embolization in causing neurological damage is unclear, every single person involved in perfusion and surgical technology should be aware of the risk of embolization and strictly regulate clinical behavior. Related research should also be done to improve the design of circuit components and clinical practice with a view to eliminating air bubbles during CPB procedure.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Interhospital Transfer of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A 5-year Experience
Authors: Isgrò Stefano , Patroniti Nicolò , Bombino Michela , Marcolin Roberto , Zanella Alberto , Milan Manuela , Foti Giuseppe , Pesenti Antonio
Published: March 2013

Purpose

Transfer of severely hypoxic patients is a high-risk procedure. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) allows safe transport of these patients to tertiary care institutions. Our ECMO transportation program was instituted in 2004; here we report results after 5 years of activity.

Methods

This is a clinical observational study. Criteria for ECMO center activation were: potentially reversibile respiratory failure, PaO2 <50 mmHg with FiO2 >0.6 for >12 hours, PEEP >5 cmH20, Lung Injury Score (LIS) ≥3 or respiratory acidosis with pH <7.2, no intracranial bleeding, and no absolute contraindication to anticoagulation. If eligible, a skilled crew applied ECMO at the referral hospital. Transportation was performed with a specially equipped ambulance.

Results

Sixteen patients were possible candidates for ECMO transfer. Two patients were excluded while 14 (mean±SD, age 35.4±18.6, SOFA 8.4±3.7, Oxygenation Index 43.7±13.4) were transported to our institution (distance covered 102±114 km, global duration of transport 589±186 minutes). Two patients improved after iNO-trial and were transferred and subsequently managed without ECMO. The remaining 12 patients were transferred on veno-venous ECMO with extracorporeal blood flow 2.7±1 L·min−1, gas flow 3.8±1.8 L·min−1, and FiO2 1. Data were recorded 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after initiation of ECMO. ECMO improved PCO2 (75±23 vs. 53±9 mmHg, p<0.01) thus improving pH (7.28±0.13 vs. 7.39±0.05, p<0.01) and allowing a reduction in respiratory rate (35±14 vs. 10±4 breaths/min, p<0.01), minute ventilation (10.1±3.8 vs. 3.7±1.7 L·min−1, p<0.01), and mean airway pressure (26±6.5 vs. 22±5 cmH2O, p<0.01). No major clinical or technical complications were observed.

Conclusions

ECMO effectively enabled high-risk ground transfer of severely hypoxic patients.
Vizuální akty ve výukové komunikaci
Authors: Švaříček R. , Šalamounová Z.
Published: March 2013

Předložená empirická studie pojednává o tom, jaké funkce ve výukové komunikaci mezi učiteli a jejich žáky zastávají vizuální významové akty, tj. sdělení viditelná aktérům komunikace, jež jim přičítají určitý význam. Výsledky, které studie zprostředkovává, vycházejí z kvalitativní analýzy 32 videonahrávek vyučovacích hodin humanitních předmětů na druhém stupni základních škol. Vizuální významové akty jsou nejprve diferencovány na tematické, které zobrazují události, objekty či myšlenky spjaté s tématem komunikace, a interaktivní, jež slouží jako sdělení kontaktní. V kontextu vyučovacích hodin jsou pak tematické akty prezentovány jako nástroj konceptualizace výukových obsahů, zatímco akty interaktivní zobrazeny jakožto mechanismus napomáhající uspořádání výukové komunikace. Přestože vizuální významové akty zastávají analogické funkce a mnohdy vytvářejí tytéž vzorce, je zřejmé, že jejich podoba je výrazně individualizovaná a lze ji chápat jako znak profesní identity učitele.
 Encaminhamento de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais em idade de estimulação precoce a escolas de Educação Infantil de um município de médio porte do Vale dos Sinos
Authors: Loose Pereira Luciana Cátia , Grave Magali Quevedo
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X2820A educação inclusiva no Brasil vem sendo discutida principalmente no âmbito educacional. A inclusão de alunos com Necessidades Educacionais Especiais (NEE), em escola comum, é cada vez mais frequente, embora ainda muitos aspectos precisem ser repensados. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar como ocorre o encaminhamento dos sujeitos com NEE em idade de Estimulação Precoce de zero até 3 anos e 11 meses para as escolas de Educação Infantil de um município de médio porte do Vale dos Sinos. Compreendeu uma pesquisa transversal, de caráter quantitativo, de estatística descritiva, sendo a coleta de dados realizada a partir de um questionário estruturado, com questões abertas e fechadas, direcionado a todos os diretores das treze Escolas de Educação Infantil do município em questão. Das treze escolas, apenas uma não participou da pesquisa, visto que atualmente não possui matricula de crianças com NEE, totalizando uma amostra de 46 crianças em processos de inclusão educacional. Dessas, 12 crianças (26,8%) foram encaminhadas pelo serviço de Estimulação Precoce mantido pela Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais do referido município, 30 crianças (65,2%) ingressaram na escola por iniciativa da própria família e 4 crianças (8%), por intervenção do Conselho Tutelar. Neste sentido, acredita-se que cabe aos profissionais da Estimulação Precoce divulgar e argumentar a importância e, principalmente, os benefícios da Estimulação Precoce para o desenvolvimento global dos sujeitos e sua constituição, além da sua contribuição para o processo de educação inclusiva.Palavras-chave: Estimulação Precoce. Inclusão EducacionalJ. Escolas de Educação Infantil.
 Programa de remediação fonológica para alunos com Síndrome de Down: aplicabilidade do método JT na Educação Especial
Authors: Sás Roberta Moreno , Coser Danila Secolim , Villa Miriam Bratfisch , Aguiar Adriana Augusto R. de , Almeida Maria Amélia
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X3973Analisar resultados de intervenções, verificando sua efetividade, constitui um desafio para a pesquisa e para a atuação profissional, principalmente quando os métodos tradicionais não são aplicáveis (por problemas de amostragem ou de dificuldade de replicação). Desta forma, torna-se necessário investir no desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos. Este artigo exemplifica a aplicação do “Método JT”, método de análise da efetividade de intervenções, a partir do cálculo da Significância Clínica e do Índice de Mudança Confiável, para verificação dos efeitos de um programa de remediação fonológica realizado com oito alunos do ensino regular diagnosticados com Síndrome de Down. Os resultados da análise evidenciaram o potencial desse método para a avaliação da efetividade de programas de intervenção, tanto na análise de resultados individuais como em grupo. Discute-se a potencialidade do método para o aperfeiçoamento de programas de intervenção e encaminhamento para novas pesquisas.Palavras-chave: Mudança confiável. Significância clínica. Tratamentos baseados em evidências.
Produção científica sobre avaliação da visão em crianças: um estudo bibliométrico na base de dados LILACS
Authors: Pinheiro Raquel Cristina , Pizzani Luciana , Martinez Claudia Maria Simões , Hayashi Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4412Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar análise bibliométrica da produção científica sobre avaliação da visão em crianças disponível na base de dados Lilacs. A metodologia da pesquisa observou os seguintes passos: revisão de literatura sobre avaliação da visão e bibliometria; coleta de dados na base de dados Lilacs; organização, tratamento bibliométrico e análise dos dados coletados utilizando o software MS Excel. Utilizando as expressões de busca “avaliação visual”, “avaliação da visão”, “avaliação funcional da visão”, “portadores de deficiência visual”, “baixa visão” e “transtornos da visão”, foram selecionados 27 artigos. Como resultados foram produzidos os seguintes indicadores: os idiomas predominantes das produções científicas foram o português e o espanhol; o artigo original escrito em coautoria é o tipo de publicação predominante, as temáticas mais abordadas foram: “baixa visão”, “acuidade visual”, “ambliopia” e “glaucoma”. Ficou constatado também que nem todos os autores trataram especificamente sobre avaliações da visão, sendo proposta também a avaliação cognitiva e da qualidade de vida de deficientes visuais. Torna-se recomendável a realização de novas pesquisas que demonstrem a importância da avaliação precoce da visão em crianças, visando que a intervenção, quando necessária, ocorra o mais cedo possível e previna os possíveis atrasos ocasionados pela deficiência visual. Deve-se também garantir que estes achados oftalmológicos se complementem com avaliações que caracterizem em quais situações os indivíduos que já possuem algum tipo de deficiência possam utilizar com maior eficácia sua visão. Palavras-chave: Baixa visão. Transtornos da visão. Bibliometria.
 Nas pegadas da história: tracejando relações entre deficiência e sociedade
Authors: Piccolo Gustavo Martins , Mendes Enicéia Gonçalves
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4611Este trabalho objetiva, mediante processo de revisão literária, contribuir para com o entendimento da deficiência como produção social temporal e espacialmente situada. Centra-se sobre o período Medieval na busca de radiografar de que maneira a deficiência era entendida em tal contexto histórico, para tanto, nos valemos dos estudos de Kapler, Minois e, fundamentalmente de Rosemaire Garland-Thompson e sua emblemática obra sobre os freak shows, textos estes que nos permitem escovar as relações entre deficiência e sociedade a contrapelo, possibilitando o despir do suposto de aludida condição como dependência ou limitação, cuja consecução se materializa como obra do capitalismo e não de toda a história da humanidade conforme tencionam nossos apontamentos.Palavras-chave: Deficiência. Freak Shows. Diferença.
La función de las imágenes en la reflexión filosófica de Cicerón
Authors: González Rendón Diony
Published: March 2013

The Greek rhetorical tradition and its development during the Hellenistic period allowed rhetoric in Rome to have a broader purpose, ceasing to be the source of creation of technical manuals with function and utility for a particular forensic activity. Cicero and, subsequently, Quintilian wrote a series of handbooks, rhetorical treatises, or literary dialogues with the purpose of establishing a complete theory of the new symbolic, political and persuasive role of the orator, not only through the creation of new rhetorical theories, but also of new frameworks for philosophical thought. This is the moment when rhetorical theory conceives the word as an image, and it is only through the process of representation that one can understand and construct a discourse about reality.
Core‐Brominated Tetraazaperopyrenes as n‐Channel Semiconductors for Organic Complementary Circuits on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Geib Sonja , Zschieschang Ute , Gsänger Marcel , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank , Wadepohl Hubert , Klauk Hagen , Gade Lutz H.
Published: March 2013

Organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are prepared by vacuum deposition and solution shearing of 2,9‐bis(perfluoroalkyl)‐substituted tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) with bromine substituents at the aromatic core. The TAPP derivatives are synthesized by reacting known unsubstituted TAPPs with bromine in fuming sulphuric acid, and their electrochemical properties are studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry and modelled with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies and electron affinities indicate that the core‐brominated TAPPs should exhibit n‐channel semiconducting properties. Current‐voltage characteristics of the TFTs established electron mobilities of up to μn = 0.032 cm2 V−1 s−1 for a derivative which was subsequently processed in the fabrication of a complementary ring oscillator on a flexible plastic substrate (PEN).
Stochastic approach for the prediction of PSD in nonisothermal antisolvent crystallization processes
Authors: Cogoni Giuseppe , Tronci Stefania , Mistretta Giuseppe , Baratti Roberto , Romagnoli Jose A.
Published: March 2013

A stochastic formulation for the description of cooling‐antisolvent mediated crystal growth processes based on the Fokker‐Planck equation is discussed. Previous results are further extended to include not only the additional degree of freedom (temperature) in the approach, but also to formulate the model parameters dependencies with the input manipulated variables (antisolvent flow rate and temperature) toward a global model to be used within all possible operating regimes. The obtained global models are used to define, for the first time, an operating map of the crystallization process, where asymptotic isomean and isovariance curves are reported in an antisolvent flow‐rate‐temperature plane. Input multiplicities are identified and validated both numerically and experimentally for the NaCl‐water‐ethanol nonisothermal antisolvent crystallization system. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2843–2851, 2013
Survival of rockhopper penguins in times of global climate change
Authors: Dehnhard Nina , Poisbleau Maud , Demongin Laurent , Ludynia Katrin , Lecoq Miguel , Masello Juan F. , Quillfeldt Petra
Published: March 2013

Anthropogenic changes in the marine environment and global climate change have led to population declines in several seabird species worldwide. Rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome and Eudyptes moseleyi) have experienced a dramatic population decline, potentially linked to increasing sea surface temperatures (SST). Among Southern Ocean diving seabirds, rockhopper penguins typically occupy a low trophic level, and might therefore be expected to mirror climate‐driven bottom‐up changes to the food web sensitively and on a short time scale.

Using passive integrated transponders, survival rates of adults in a colony of southern rockhopper penguins (E. chrysocome) on the Falkland Islands were monitored over five consecutive years. Mean annual survival rates were in the range 84 to 96%.

These values are high compared with other crested penguin species and reflect the generally good conditions during the study period, when low SST prevailed. However, survival rates were lower in 2010, corresponding to very cold conditions. Curve fits showed a best‐fit quadratic relationship between average SST anomaly and survival rates for the present data, as well as for a data set including two additional years from a different study at Staten Island.

Results of this study suggest that rockhopper penguins survive best at SSTs that are lower than the average of the last four decades. In accordance with previously observed rockhopper penguin population declines, the present data suggest that rockhopper penguins are highly sensitive to changes in SST and their effects on the food web, a worrying perspective in times of global climate change. It seems likely that these changes could, in the long term, also affect population trends of other seabird species with similar ecological preferences.

The most promising conservation approach should aim at enhancing ecosystem resilience, mainly by reducing industrial fishing and oil exploitation. This would allow the currently over‐exploited fish and squid stocks to recover, offering larger food resources to seabirds and other vertebrate species.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed modeling of human influenza a virus–host cell interactions during vaccine production
Authors: Müller Thomas , Dürr Robert , Isken Britta , Schulze‐Horsel Josef , Reichl Udo , Kienle Achim
Published: March 2013

This contribution is concerned with population balance modeling of virus–host cell interactions during vaccine production. Replication of human influenza A virus in cultures of adherent Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells is considered as a model system. The progress of infection can be characterized by the intracellular amount of viral nucleoprotein (NP) which is measured via flow cytometry. This allows the differentiation of the host cell population and gives rise to a distributed modeling approach. For this purpose a degree of fluorescence is introduced as an internal coordinate which is linearly linked to the intracellular amount of NP. Experimental results for different human influenza A subtypes reveal characteristic dynamic phenomena of the cell distribution like transient multimodality and reversal of propagation direction. The presented population balance model provides a reasonable explanation for these dynamic phenomena by the explicit consideration of different states of infection of individual cells. Kinetic parameters are determined from experimental data. To translate the emerging infinite dimensional parameter estimation problem to a finite dimension the parameters are assumed to depend linearly on the internal coordinate. As a result, the model is able to reproduce all characteristic dynamic phenomena of the considered process for the two examined virus strains and allows deeper insight into the underlying kinetic processes. Thus, the model is an important contribution to the understanding of the intracellular virus replication and virus spreading in cell cultures and can serve as a stepping stone for optimization in vaccine production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2252–2266. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An ultra scale‐down approach to study the interaction of fermentation, homogenization, and centrifugation for antibody fragment recovery from rec E. coli
Authors: Li Qiang , Mannall Gareth J. , Ali Shaukat , Hoare Mike
Published: March 2013

Escherichia coli is frequently used as a microbial host to express recombinant proteins but it lacks the ability to secrete proteins into medium. One option for protein release is to use high‐pressure homogenization followed by a centrifugation step to remove cell debris. While this does not give selective release of proteins in the periplasmic space, it does provide a robust process. An ultra scale‐down (USD) approach based on focused acoustics is described to study rec E. coli cell disruption by high‐pressure homogenization for recovery of an antibody fragment (Fab′) and the impact of fermentation harvest time. This approach is followed by microwell‐based USD centrifugation to study the removal of the resultant cell debris. Successful verification of this USD approach is achieved using pilot scale high‐pressure homogenization and pilot scale, continuous flow, disc stack centrifugation comparing performance parameters such as the fraction of Fab′ release, cell debris size distribution and the carryover of cell debris fine particles in the supernatant. The integration of fermentation and primary recovery stages is examined using USD monitoring of different phases of cell growth. Increasing susceptibility of the cells to disruption is observed with time following induction. For a given recovery process this results in a higher fraction of product release and a greater proportion of fine cell debris particles that are difficult to remove by centrifugation. Such observations are confirmed at pilot scale. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013 9999:XX–XX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2150–2160. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semi‐continuous in situ magnetic separation for enhanced extracellular protease production—modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Cerff Martin , Scholz Alexander , Käppler Tobias , Ottow Kim E. , Hobley Tim J. , Posten Clemens
Published: March 2013

In modern biotechnology proteases play a major role as detergent ingredients. Especially the production of extracellular protease by Bacillus species facilitates downstream processing because the protease can be directly harvested from the biosuspension. In situ magnetic separation (ISMS) constitutes an excellent adsorptive method for efficient extracellular protease removal during cultivation. In this work, the impact of semi‐continuous ISMS on the overall protease yield has been investigated. Results reveal significant removal of the protease from Bacillus licheniformis cultivations. Bacitracin‐functionalized magnetic particles were successfully applied, regenerated and reused up to 30 times. Immediate reproduction of the protease after ISMS proved the biocompatibility of this integrated approach. Six subsequent ISMS steps significantly increased the overall protease yield up to 98% because proteolytic degradation and potential inhibition of the protease in the medium could be minimized. Furthermore, integration of semi‐continuous ISMS increased the overall process efficiency due to reduction of the medium consumption. Process simulation revealed a deeper insight into protease production, and was used to optimize ISMS steps to obtain the maximum overall protease yield. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2161–2172. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Candida bombicola as a platform organism for the production of tailor‐made biomolecules
Authors: Roelants Sophie L.K.W. , Saerens Karen M.J. , Derycke Thibaut , Li Bing , Lin Yao‐Cheng , Van de Peer Yves , De Maeseneire Sofie L. , Van Bogaert Inge N.A. , Soetaert Wim
Published: March 2013

The yeast Candida bombicola is capable of producing high amounts (400 g/L) of the biosurfactant sophorolipids. The genetic makeup of this industrially important yeast has recently been uncovered and molecular manipulation techniques have been developed. Hence, all tools for the development of new bioprocesses with C. bombicola are now available. As a proof of concept, the production of two totally different molecules was aimed for: the bioplastic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and a new‐to‐nature cellobioselipid‐biosurfactant. Integration of the new functionalities at genomic loci necessary for sophorolipid production safeguards the new biomolecules from sophorolipid contamination, while taking advantage of the regulation of the sophorolipid gene cluster. A maximum yield of 2.0% wt/dwt PHA was obtained; furthermore, this is the first time cellobioselipid synthesis by a non‐natural producer is reported. We here provided proof of concept that C. bombicola can be transformed into a platform organism for the production of tailor‐made biomolecules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2494–2503. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recommendations for occupational radiation protection in interventional cardiology
Authors: Durán Ariel , Hian Sim Kui , Miller Donald L. , Le Heron John , Padovani Renato , Vano Eliseo
Published: March 2013

The radiation dose received by cardiologists during percutaneous coronary interventions, electrophysiology procedures and other interventional cardiology procedures can vary by more than an order of magnitude for the same type of procedure and for similar patient doses. There is particular concern regarding occupational dose to the lens of the eye. This document provides recommendations for occupational radiation protection for physicians and other staff in the interventional suite. Simple methods for reducing or minimizing occupational radiation dose include: minimizing fluoroscopy time and the number of acquired images; using available patient dose reduction technologies; using good imaging‐chain geometry; collimating; avoiding high‐scatter areas; using protective shielding; using imaging equipment whose performance is controlled through a quality assurance programme; and wearing personal dosimeters so that you know your dose. Effective use of these methods requires both appropriate education and training in radiation protection for all interventional cardiology personnel, and the availability of appropriate protective tools and equipment. Regular review and investigation of personnel monitoring results, accompanied as appropriate by changes in how procedures are performed and equipment used, will ensure continual improvement in the practice of radiation protection in the interventional suite. These recommendations for occupational radiation protection in interventional cardiology and electrophysiology have been endorsed by the Asian Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, the Latin American Society of Interventional Cardiology, and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
State‐of‐the‐art paper: Therapeutic hypothermia in out of hospital cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Alkadri Mohi E. , Peters Matthew N. , Katz Morgan J. , White Christopher J.
Published: March 2013

Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with an extremely poor survival rate, with mortality in most cases being related to neurological injury. Among patients who experience return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only proven intervention shown to reduce mortality and improve neurological outcome. First described in 1958, the field of TH has rapidly evolved in recent years. While recent technological advances in TH will likely improve outcomes in OHCA survivors, several fundamental questions remain to be answered including the optimal speed of cooling, which patients benefit from an early invasive strategy, and whether technological advances will facilitate application of TH in the field. An increased awareness and understanding of TH strategies, devices, monitoring, techniques, and complications will allow for a more widespread adoption of this important treatment modality. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.