bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSABILITY OF APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FILLER IN THE REGENERATION OF SUPERALLOY CASTINGS VIA TIG WELDING AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Nengjun Ben , Labartkava Oleksandr , Samokhin Mykhailo
Published: September 2019

This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies.

It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling.

There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss.

It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties.

The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology.

Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.
DYNAMIC CONDITIONS OF COMPENSATED SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
Authors: Podymaka Valeriy
Published: September 2019

The dynamic behavior of synchronous machine with longitudinal-transverse excitement by maintenance of the rotor overhang corner as equal zero are considered. The given condition is named as compensated and correspond with full compensation of transverse armature reaction by magnetizing force of transverse excitement winding. In such machine is absented the limit of steady-state overload, but active and reactive components of load current are concurrent as projections of load current image vector on orthogonal axes of machine inductor. The research aim is a determination of steady-state stability criterion of compensated synchronous machine working on powerful electrical system. The researches are organized in assumption of inductor current invariance and at neglect of stator windings time constant. The electromagnetic moment expression of longitudinal-transverse excitement synchronous machine in compensated work condition is received as a result of analysis of the spatial vector diagrams and equations. The expression analysis has allowed to find the criterion of rotor creepage stability and to examine the steady-state stability of the machine in different work conditions. It is shown that machines stability factor is defined by not only the reactive power of machine short circuit, but also associated reactive power.
The pseudomalachite-ludjibaite-reichenbachite conundrum: OD description
Authors: Makovicky Emil
Published: September 2019

Crystal structures of the three polymorphs of Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4, namely pseudomalachite, ludjibaite, and reichenbachite, can be described as being composed of rods perpendicular to their crystal-chemical layering. Two different sorts of rods can be defined. Type 1 rods share rows of Cu coordination polyhedra, forming a series of slabs. Slab boundaries and slab interiors represent alternating geometric OD layers of two kinds, with layer symmetries close to P21/m and , which make up two different stacking schemes of geometric OD layers in the structures of ludjibaite and pseudomalachite. Such OD layers, however, are not developed in reichenbachite. Type 2 rods are defined as having columns of PO4 tetrahedra in the corners of the rods. In the Type 2 slabs composed of these rods, geometric Pg OD layers of glide-arrayed tetrahedra alternate with more complex OD layers; in ludjibaite this system of layers is oriented diagonally with respect to the Type 1 OD layer system. Two different OD stackings of Type 2 OD layers form the ludjibaite and reichenbachite structures but not that of pseudomalachite. Thus, ludjibaite might form disordered intergrowths with either of the other two members of the triplet but reichenbachite and pseudomalachite should not form oriented intergrowths. Current knowledge concerning formation of the three polymorphs is considered.
Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints
Authors: Rozhina Elvira , Ishmukhametov Ilnur , Batasheva Svetlana , Akhatova Farida , Fakhrullin Rawil
Published: September 2019

Cell surface engineering, as a practical manifestation of nanoarchitectonics, is a powerful tool to modify and enhance properties of live cells. In turn, cells may serve as sacrificial templates to fabricate cell-mimicking materials. Herein we report a facile method to produce cell-recognising silica imprints capable of the selective detection of human cells. We used HeLa cells to template silica inorganic shells doped with halloysite clay nanotubes. The shells were destroyed by sonication resulting in the formation of polydisperse hybrid imprints that were used to recognise HeLa cells in liquid media supplemented with yeast. We believe that methodology reported here will find applications in biomedical and clinical research.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY INDEX FOR THE READY-MADE GARMENTS SECTOR IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Salam Md Abdus , Senasu Kalayanee
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to develop a simple and easily useable scale to assess sustainable development in the ready-made garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh. A framework has been proposed where sustainable development dimensions, sub-dimensions (or variables) under dimensions, and items under sub-dimensions, are developed through an extensive literature review. This framework serves as the base for index development in this study. The proposed framework comes in the form of a questionnaire. After receiving satisfactory results from the pilot study, further information was gathered from the Tier 1 RMG factories in Bangladesh using the proposed questionnaire. Excluding the incomplete responses, a total of 238 responses were considered for further analysis. Following this, the collected data were passed through a number of statistical processes including item-total correlation and CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis). After rigorous analysis, only 30 items were shown to be model fit according to the proposed second-order sustainability index model. Finally, the results of factor loading showed that dimensions load very well on the proposed framework. Therefore, this study culminated in developing a 30-item valid and reliable sustainability index for three dimensions: economic, environmental, and social, for the Bangladeshi RMG sector.
NEW APPROACH TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF CORPORATE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Drejeris Rolandas , Oželienė Danguolė
Published: September 2019

Enterprises that seek for sustainable development should align economic interests with environmental and social requirements. It is not enough to take into account just these basics components. Technology plays a significant role in company activity. The aim of this article is to highlight the relationship between the dimensions characterising sustainability and to take a deeper look at the structure of the concept of sustainability, so that to understand in more detail the completeness of the dimensions of sustainability. For achieving this aim is necessary through the analysis of researchers’ opinions to apply the logical assessment, systematisation, and comparison of information, selects the most important information describing the sustainability of technology, highlights the relationships between the technological aspect of sustainability and other sustainability dimensions, evaluates the technological processes of the corporate product in terms of sustainability, clarifies and presents arguments highlighting the importance of the technological aspect in sustainable business activity, rejects inappropriate arguments, identifies links between the arguments, and, basing on the information, proves and/or formulates anew some logical considerations to justify the full competency of the technological dimension in the sustainable development framework. Article proved that sustainable development contains the technological dimension which is added to the four classical dimensions and serves as an axis that determines the contents of other sustainability parts.
The Equation of State of MH-III: A Possible Deep CH4 Reservoir in Titan, Super-Titan Exoplanets, and Moons
Authors: Levi A. , Cohen R. E.
Published: September 2019

We investigate the thermal equation of state, bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and heat capacity of MH-III (CH4 filled-ice Ih), needed for the study of CH4 transport and outgassing for the case of Titan and super-Titans. We employ density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in the generalized-gradient approximation with a van der Waals functional. We examine the temperature range 300–500 K and pressures between 2 and 7 GPa. We find that in this P-T range MH-III is less dense than liquid water. There is uncertainty in the normalized moment of inertia (MOI) of Titan; it is estimated to be in the range of 0.33–0.34. If Titan’s MOI is 0.34, MH-III is not stable at present in Titan’s interior, yielding an easier path for the outgassing of CH4. However, for an MOI of 0.33, MH-III is thermodynamically stable at the bottom of an ice-rock internal layer capable of storing CH4. For rock mass fractions

upwelling melt is likely hot enough to dissociate MH-III along its path. For super-Titans considering a mixture of MH-III and ice VII, melt is always positively buoyant if the H2O:CH4 mole fraction is >5.5. Our thermal evolution model shows that MH-III may be present today in Titan’s core, confined to a thin (≈10 km) outer shell. We find that the heat capacity of MH-III is higher than measured values for pure water ice, larger than heat capacity often adopted for ice-rock mixtures with implications for internal heating.
Mechanical Characterization and Failure Analysis of ABS Material Submitted to Static Tests under the Effect of Temperature
Authors: En-Naji Abderrazak , Mouhib Nadia , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

In this work, we study the influence of temperature on the mechanical behavior of an amorphous polymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene "ABS", based on a series of uniaxial tensile tests on smooth specimens at different temperatures.The results obtained show that the failure of the studied material (ABS) depends strongly on the temperature. Indeed, two zones have been identified: industrial zone TTg (Tg is the glass transition temperature of ABS material).In the industrial zone, we conducted a study of the experimental and theoretical damage via the model of the unified theory. The comparison showed a good agreement concerning the acceleration of the damage process as the temperature increases. In the thermoforming zone, we adopted the same methods to follow the process of flow as a function of the temperature increase. Likewise, we compared theoretical and experimental values which in turn showed a good match. Different stages have been determined in each separate zone, that allows to predict the moment of the critical damage or flow and therefore to intervene in time for a predictive maintenance.
Damage Prediction of CPVC Based on Energy Method at Different Temperatures
Authors: Gugouch Fatima , Sandabad Sara , Mouhib Nadia , En-Naji Abderrazak , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride pipes used for the supply of cold and hot water are designed and manufactured for a 50 years predictive life, but defects and harmfulness may occur during the transport process, storage and operation of tubes that significantly affect these forecasts. This work deals with the study of the mechanical behavior of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CVPC) specimens subjected to tensile tests under the effect of temperature. Moreover, a study of damage evolution by the ultimate energy makes it possible to determine the three stages of the lifetime of the test pieces studied. On the basis of the stress-strain variation curves plotted from the experimental results, the critical value of the fraction of life corresponding to the acceleration of the damage was determined.
Grain Shape Effect and the Viscoplastic Parameter on the Evolution of Isotropic and Kinematic Hardening of Metallic Materials under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Kerkour-El Miad Abdelhamid , Kerour-El Miad A. , Kouddane Redouane
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this work is to study the grain shape effect (aspect ratio α = a / b) and the viscoplastic parameter γ on the evolution of the kinematic and isotropic hardening of FCC type metallic materials, under uniaxial cyclic Tension-Compression ‘‘TC’ and to interpret these results. These parameters of shape and viscoplastic were developed and introduced by Abdul-Latif and Radi, indeed in this study we use their model. Expressed within the framework of a self-consistent approach, the rate-dependent inelastic strain is examined at the crystallographic slip system level describing a constitutive model for FCC metallic polycrystals, whereas the elastic strain is determined at the granular level. Based on the Eshelby’s tensor, the elastic behavior is assumed to be compressible. For a polycrystalline structure, the grains deform plastically by crystallographic slip located at the most favorably oriented systems supporting a high resolved shear stress . The approach considers that the inclusion (grain) form is ellipsoidal of half axes defining by a, b and c such as a ≠b= c. Several numerical tests are carried out highlighting the role of shape and viscoplastic parameter on the evolution of kinematic and isotropic hardening. A general comparison between the and effect on the overall hardening of the polycrystal shows that this work hardening is more sensitive to the parameter (for given ) compared to (for given). Keywords: Grain shape effect, Ellipsoidal inclusion, Viscoplastic parameter effect, Kinematic and isotropic hardening, Uniaxial cyclic ‘‘TC‘‘, Self-consistent model.
Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Choice of Parameters of a Micromechanical Model
Authors: Kerkour-El Miad Aissa , Kerour-El Miad A.
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this work is to apply the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the key parameters of a micromechanical model, namely the shape parameter of inclusion (grain) (ratio =a/b) and γ viscoplastic parameter in view of a better simulation. In this work, the sensitivity of the model to parameters and γ is evaluated on the stabilized global stress during cyclic Tension-Compression (TC) loadings and out-of-phase Tension–Torsion, with a sinusoidal waveform and a phase lag of 90 between the two sinusoidal signals TT90 loadings. Indeed several values ​​of and γ are pulled thanks to these loading, we use later the PCA in order to choose the couple (, γ) adequate to launch our simulation. The model used is expressed as part of the self-consistent approach and time-dependent plasticity. Based on the Eshelby tensor, this model considers that the elastic behavior is compressible. For a polycrystalline structure, the grains are deformed by crystallographic sliding located in the most favorably oriented systems and which support a strong constrained stress . Keywords: PCA, grain shape , viscoplastic parameter γ, Self-consistent model, Non-incremental interaction law, Elasto-inelastic. TC and TT90 loading
Impact of In-Service Inspection on the Reliability of Small Piping
Authors: Guedri Abdelmoumene , Belyamna Mohammed Amine , Boutelidja Racim
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes the cracking of stainless steel piping under Inter-granular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) conditions using probabilistic fracture mechanics that predict the impact of in-service inspection (ISI) programs on the reliability of specific nuclear piping systems that have failed in service. The IGSCC is characterized by a single damage parameter, which depends on residual stresses, environmental conditions, and the degree of sensitization. The Probability of Detection (POD) curves and the benefits of in-service inspection in order to reduce the probability of the leak for nuclear piping systems subjected to IGSCC were discussed. The results show that an effective ISI requires a suitable combination of crack detection and inspection schedule. An augmented inspection schedule is recurred for piping with fast-growing crack to ensure that the inspection is done before the cracks reach critical sizes and that the use of a better inspection procedure can be more effective than a tenfold increase in the number of inspections of inferior quality.
CgCLec-HTM–Mediated Signaling Pathway Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CgIL-17 and CgTNF Production in Oyster
Authors: Sun Jiejie , Wang Lingling , Huang Mengmeng , Li Yinan , Wang Weilin , Song Linsheng
Published: September 2019

The immune signaling pathway mediated by Dectin-1 is important in mammals to modulate the production of IL-17 and TNF-α. Recently, IL-17 and TNF have also been characterized in invertebrates to play crucial roles in antibacterial immune responses, although the immune recognition and regulation mechanisms to produce IL-17 and TNF are still not well investigated. In the current study, a novel C-type lectin receptor (named CgCLec-HTM) with a signal peptide, a carbohydrate recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, and a nonclassical ITAM (hemITAM) in the cytoplasmic tail was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. CgCLec-HTM could bind LPS and various bacteria. After binding to its ligands, CgCLec-HTM was associated with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of spleen tyrosine kinase (CgSyk) by the hemITAM in its cytoplasmic tail to promote ERK (CgERK) phosphorylation. The activated CgERK could interact with CgRel to induce CgRel nuclear translocation. The CgRel in the nucleus eventually induced the transcription of CgIL-17s and CgTNF. The results demonstrated that CgCLec-HTM with a broad binding spectrum of bacteria could be associated with CgSyk to transfer immune signals into the intracellular ERK–Rel pathway to induce CgIL-17 and CgTNF production.
Shoulder Pain and Rotational Range of Motion of the Trunk, Shoulder, and Hip in Baseball Players
Authors: Kim Yeol-oh , Jo Yoon-ju , Kim Si-hyun , Park Kyue-nam
Published: September 2019

Context

Deficient glenohumeral rotational range of motion (ROM) is a risk factor for shoulder pain. Adapted ROM of the trunk and hip in response to loss of glenohumeral ROM has been suggested, as the nature of baseball leads to ROM adaptations.

Objective

To compare the bilateral rotational ROM values of the trunk and glenohumeral and hip joints in adolescent baseball players with or without shoulder pain and to measure the correlation between shoulder-pain intensity and bilateral rotational ROM values for each body area.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Ninety-five adolescent baseball players (60 with shoulder pain, 35 without shoulder pain).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Bilateral trunk rotation and internal rotation, external rotation, and total rotation of the dominant and nondominant glenohumeral and hip joints.

Results

Glenohumeral and hip ROM did not differ between groups, and pain intensity and rotational ROM were not related in either joint. Trunk rotational ROM was greater in the pain group than in the control group (dominant side = 48.8° ± 14.2° versus 41.8° ± 11.9°, respectively; nondominant side = 45.1° ± 14.2° versus 38.9° ± 7.7°, respectively; P values < .05), although the difference was clinically small (mean differences = 7.0° ± 2.7° [95% confidence interval = 1.7, 12.4] on the dominant side, P = .01, and 6.1° ± 2.7° [95% confidence interval = 0.8, 11.5] on the nondominant side, P = .03). Positive but low correlations in all players (ρ = 0.27, P = .01) and in those with shoulder pain (ρ = 0.36, P = .001) were present between shoulder-pain intensity and trunk rotational ROM toward the dominant side.

Conclusions

We found no clinical relationship between shoulder pain and rotational ROM and no clinical differences in rotational ROM values between players with and those without shoulder pain.
Lower Limb Dominance, Morphology, and Sonographic Abnormalities of the Patellar Tendon in Elite Basketball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Benítez-Martínez Josep C. , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Martínez-Ramírez Pablo , Ríos-Díaz José , del Baño-Aledo María Elena , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc
Published: September 2019

Context

Patellar tendinopathy is common in basketball players, and structural ultrasound abnormalities can be found in symptomatic and asymptomatic tendons. Lower limb dominance may also be a critical load factor, potentially leading to overloading of the patellar tendon.

Objective

To describe and compare the prevalence by lower limb dominance of patellar tendons with structural and vascular abnormalities and to describe the morphologic measures of tendons without abnormalities among adult male elite basketball players.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Medical center of a professional basketball team in the Spanish league.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 73 adult male elite basketball players (146 patellar tendons; age = 26.8 ± 4.9 years, height = 198.0 ± 0.1 cm, mass = 95.4 ± 11.4 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We used ultrasound to screen the patellar tendons for the presence of structural and vascular abnormalities. Tendons were categorized as abnormal if they demonstrated a focal area of hypoechogenicity, thickening, or neovascularization. We also examined the cross-sectional area and thickness of tendons without abnormalities. Prevalence and morphologic measures were compared by limb dominance.

Results

A total of 35 players (48%) had bilateral abnormalities, whereas 21 (28.7%) had unilateral abnormalities. Among the 91 abnormal tendons, 90 (61.6% of 146 tendons) exhibited a focal area of hypoechogenicity, 59 (40.4% of 146 tendons) exhibited thickening, and 14 (9.6% of 146 tendons) exhibited neovascularization. No group differences were detected between the dominant and nondominant limbs. Among the 55 normal patellar tendons, 34 were bilateral (from 17 players) and 21 were unilateral. Approximately 25% (n = 14) of all 55 normal tendons had a cross-sectional area that was greater than 182.8 mm2 and a thickness greater than 7.2 mm. Among the 34 bilateral normal tendons, no group differences were observed between the dominant and nondominant limbs for either cross-sectional area or thickness.

Conclusions

The prevalence of abnormal tendons was high among adult male elite basketball players, and bilateral presentations were more frequent. Structural abnormalities were most common.
Jogging and Practical-Duration Foam-Rolling Exercises and Range of Motion, Proprioception, and Vertical Jump in Athletes
Authors: Romero-Franco Natalia , Romero-Franco Javier , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro
Published: September 2019

Context

Foam-rolling exercises are frequently included in warmups due to their benefits for increasing range of motion (ROM). However, their effects on proprioception and vertical jump have not been analyzed and therefore remain unclear. Moreover, the effects of performing practical-duration foam-rolling exercises after typical warmup exercises such as jogging are unknown.

Objective

To analyze the effects of jogging and practical-duration foam-rolling exercises on the ROM, knee proprioception, and vertical jump of athletes.

Design

Randomized controlled study.

Setting

Sports laboratory and university track.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty athletes were randomly classified into an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG).

Intervention(s)

The EG performed 8-minute jogging and foam-rolling exercises. The CG performed 8-minute jogging.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Knee flexion, hip extension, active knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion (ADF), knee-joint position sense, and countermovement jump (CMJ) were evaluated before the intervention (baseline), after (post 0 min), and 10 minutes later.

Results

The EG exhibited higher values for ADF and CMJ at post 0 min (ADF: P < .001, d = 0.88; CMJ: P < .001, d = 0.52) and 10 minutes later (ADF: P = .014, d = 0.41; CMJ: P = .006, d = 0.22) compared with baseline. Although the CG also showed increased CMJ at post 0 min (P = .044, d = 0.21), the EG demonstrated a greater increase (P = .021, d = 0.97). No differences were found in the remaining ROM variables (knee flexion, hip extension, active knee extension: P values > .05). For knee-joint position sense, no differences were found (P > .05).

Conclusions

Combining jogging and practical-duration foam rolling may increase ADF and CMJ without affecting knee proprioception and hip or knee ROM. Jogging by itself may slightly increase ADF and CMJ, but the results were better and were maintained after 10 minutes when foam rolling was added.
The large $D$ limit of planar diagrams
Authors: Ferrari Frank
Published: September 2019

We show that in O

(D)

invariant matrix theories containing a large number

D

of complex or Hermitian matrices, one can define a

D \to \infty

limit for which the sum over planar diagrams truncates to a tractable, yet non-trivial, sum over melon diagrams. In particular, results obtained recently in SYK and tensor models can be generalized to traditional, string-inspired matrix quantum mechanical models of black holes.
Weighted dependency graphs and the Ising model
Authors: Dousse Jehanne , Féray Valentin
Published: September 2019

Weighted dependency graphs have been recently introduced by the second author, as a toolbox to prove central limit theorems. In this paper, we prove that spins in the

d

-dimensional Ising model display such a weighted dependency structure. We use this to obtain various central limit theorems for the number of occurrences of local and global patterns in a growing box.
Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Augments the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet–Fed Hamsters
Authors: Chaidee Apisit , Onsurathum Sudarat , Intuyod Kitti , Haonon Ornuma , Pannangpetch Patchareewan , Pongchaiyakul Chatlert , Pinlaor Porntip , Pairojkul Chawalit , Welbat Jariya Umka , Ittiprasert Wannaporn , Cochran Christina J. , Mann Victoria H. , Brindley Paul J. , Pinlaor Somchai
Published: September 2019

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, including in regions where helminth infections such as the fish-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) also occur. We investigated the effects of a high-fat and high-fructose (HFF) diet on the development and progression of NAFLD in experimental opisthorchiasis. Two groups of hamsters were infected with Ov for 4 months before the experiment to induce chronic inflammation. One of these groups (OvHFF) was fed with a HFF diet for up to further 4 months. One uninfected group of hamsters served as the normal control group, and another received the HFF diet (HFF group) for up to 4 months. Histopathology, biochemical parameters, and ultrastructural features of liver were investigated. In a short-term treatment, the OvHFF group showed significantly better homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance level and lower liver lipid than did the HFF group. By contrast, histopathological characteristics of severe NAFLD were prominent in the OvHFF group after 4 months on the HFF diet, findings which were supported by confirmatory ultrastructural changes. In conclusion, opisthorchiasis induced the severe NAFLD in hamsters fed high-fat/high-fructose diets.
Development of an Immunochromatographic Point-of-Care Test for Serodiagnosis of Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis
Authors: Sadaow Lakkhana , Sanpool Oranuch , Rodpai Rutchanee , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Ittiprasert Wannaporn , Mann Victoria H. , Brindley Paul J. , Maleewong Wanchai , Intapan Pewpan M.
Published: September 2019

Chronic infections with the food-borne liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis, associate with cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct cancer, which generally has a poor prognosis. We have produced a rapid and simple immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis by the detection of IgG antibodies in human infection sera. Sera from volunteers with proven opisthorchiasis and several other parasitic diseases and from healthy controls were evaluated for the presence of liver fluke infection–specific antibodies using a preparation of excretory–secretory antigen from adult stage O. viverrini absorbed onto ICT strips. Diagnostic values were compared with an ELISA. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the ELISA were 100%, 98.3%, 97.9%, and 100%, whereas those for the ICT were 94.6%, 91.2%, 89.7%, and 95.4%, respectively. There was 91.7% concordance between the ICT with ELISA, and differences in performance between the tests were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Twenty-seven of 30 (90%) of the clonorchiasis sera also were positive by ICT. This new ICT provides a facile, rapid test for point-of-care testing tool, which can be used at the bedside without the need for sophisticated equipment. Moreover, the ICT can be anticipated to supplement stool examination as a screening tool in the clinic for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis, and in addition, it may be useful in screens of populations at risk of liver fluke infection–associated cholangiocarcinoma.
A sucessão hereditária com bens situados no exterior
Authors: Nevares Ana Luiza Maia
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo trata da sucessão hereditária com bens situados no exterior. Analisa-se a competência do Brasil para conhecer de bens da pessoa falecida situados em países estrangeiros, bem como a incidência de imposto de transmissão causa mortis sobre ditos bens. O texto aborda, ainda, questões pertinentes aos testamentos celebrados no exterior com efeitos no Brasil, ponderando sobre a importância dos acordos e tratados internacionais para dar conta do crescente número de sucessões hereditárias com elementos internacionais diante do mundo globalizado.
Direitos fundamentais na tela da TV: uma análise do televisionamento de tribunais no Brasil
Authors: Pugliese William Soares , Pereira Ricardo dos Reis
Published: September 2019

O artigo dialoga com o “argumento da lealdade constitucional”, formulado em defesa do televisionamento de Tribunais Constitucionais. Para isso, o trabalho inicialmente faz uma breve contextualização da pesquisa nacional e internacional acerca do tema. Em seguida, apresenta de maneira objetiva os principais argumentos contrários e favoráveis a esse instrumento de transparência judicial, com especial ênfase no assim denominado “argumento da lealdade constitucional”, que justifica o televisionamento sob a alegação de que a prática representa, ao mesmo tempo, um vetor de legitimação da jurisdição e um mecanismo para o acúmulo de “capital político” pela Corte, através da constante exposição das decisões majoritárias à população (o que cria um lastro que permite decidir casos contramajoritários futuros sem abalos institucionais). Ao final, o artigo demonstra que o “argumento da lealdade constitucional” deixou de considerar duas variáveis relevantes na sua formulação no contexto brasileiro: a seletividade da mídia na definição de quais julgamentos que serão noticiados à sociedade, com uma tendência de maior reverberação de casos polêmicos (e contrajamoritários) e a possível corrosão da reserva de boa vontade da sociedade perante o STF, em razão do exercício da competência para julgamento penal de altas autoridades da República (prerrogativa de foro). Em conclusão, será afirmado que a presente crítica impõe uma reformulação do “argumento da lealdade constitucional” e que os desvios apontados podem obstaculizar a adequada tutela jurisdicional dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
The importance of the representation of air pollution emissions for the modeled distribution and radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic
Authors: Schacht Jacob , Heinold Bernd , Quaas Johannes , Backman John , Cherian Ribu , Ehrlich Andre , Herber Andreas , Huang Wan Ting Katty , Kondo Yutaka , Massling Andreas , Sinha P. R. , Weinzierl Bernadett , Zanatta Marco , Tegen Ina
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Aerosol particles can contribute to the Arctic amplification (AA) by direct and indirect radiative effects.
Specifically, black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere, and when deposited on snow and sea ice, has a positive warming effect on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation balance during the polar day.
Current climate models, however, are still struggling to reproduce Arctic aerosol conditions.
We present an evaluation study with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 to examine emission-related uncertainties in the BC distribution and the direct radiative effect of BC.
The model results are comprehensively compared against the latest ground and airborne aerosol observations for the period 2005–2017, with a focus on BC.
Four different setups of air pollution emissions are tested.
The simulations in general match well with the observed amount and temporal variability in near-surface BC in the Arctic.
Using actual daily instead of fixed biomass burning emissions is crucial for reproducing individual pollution events but has only a small influence on the seasonal cycle of BC.
Compared with commonly used fixed anthropogenic emissions for the year 2000, an up-to-date inventory with transient air pollution emissions results in up to a 30 % higher annual BC burden locally.
This causes a higher annual mean all-sky net direct radiative effect of BC of over 0.1 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere over the Arctic region (60–90∘ N), being locally more than 0.2 W m−2 over the eastern Arctic Ocean.
We estimate BC in the Arctic as leading to an annual net gain of 0.5 W m−2 averaged over the Arctic region but to a local gain of up to 0.8 W m−2 by the direct radiative effect of atmospheric BC plus the effect by the BC-in-snow albedo reduction.
Long-range transport is identified as one of the main sources of uncertainties for ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3, leading to an overestimation of BC in atmospheric layers above 500 hPa, especially in summer.
This is related to a misrepresentation in wet removal in one identified case at least, which was observed during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) summer aircraft campaign.
Overall, the current model version has significantly improved since previous intercomparison studies and now performs better than the multi-model average in the Aerosol Comparisons between Observation and Models (AEROCOM) initiative in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of Arctic BC.
Diel quenching of Southern Ocean phytoplankton fluorescence is related to iron limitation
Authors: Schallenberg Christina , Strzepek Robert F. , Schuback Nina , Clementson Lesley A. , Boyd Philip W. , Trull Thomas W.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Evaluation of photosynthetic competency in time and space is critical for better estimates and models of oceanic primary productivity. This is especially true for areas where the lack of iron limits phytoplankton productivity, such as the Southern Ocean. Assessment of photosynthetic competency on large scales remains challenging, but phytoplankton chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChlF) is a signal that holds promise in this respect as it is affected by, and consequently provides information about, the photosynthetic efficiency of the organism. A second process affecting the ChlF signal is heat dissipation of absorbed light energy, referred to as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). NPQ is triggered when excess energy is absorbed; i.e., when more light is absorbed than can be used directly for photosynthetic carbon fixation. The effect of NPQ on the ChlF signal complicates its interpretation in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, and therefore most approaches relating ChlF parameters to photosynthetic efficiency seek to minimize the influence of NPQ by working under conditions of sub-saturating irradiance. Here, we propose that NPQ itself holds potential as an easily acquired optical signal indicative of phytoplankton physiological state with respect to iron (Fe) limitation. We present data from a research voyage to the Subantarctic Zone south of Australia. Incubation experiments confirmed that resident phytoplankton were Fe-limited, as the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry, Fv/Fm, measured with a Fast Repetition Rate fluorometer (FRRf), increased significantly with Fe addition. The NPQ capacity of the phytoplankton also showed sensitivity to Fe addition, decreasing with increased Fe availability, confirming previous work. The fortuitous presence of a remnant warm-core eddy in the vicinity of the study area allowed comparison of fluorescence behaviour between two distinct water masses, with the colder water showing significantly lower Fv/Fm than the warmer eddy waters, suggesting a difference in Fe limitation status between the two water masses. Again, NPQ capacity measured with the FRRf mirrored the behaviour observed in Fv/Fm, decreasing as Fv/Fm increased in the warmer water mass. We also analysed the diel quenching of underway fluorescence measured with a standard fluorometer, such as is frequently used to monitor ambient chlorophyll-a concentrations, and found a significant difference in behaviour between the two water masses. This difference was quantified by defining an NPQ parameter akin to the Stern-Volmer parameterization of NPQ, exploiting the fluorescence quenching induced by diel fluctuations in incident irradiance. We propose that monitoring of this novel NPQ parameter may enable assessment of phytoplankton physiological status (related to Fe availability) based on measurements made with standard fluorometers, as ubiquitously used on moorings, ships, floats and gliders.
An evaluation of clouds and radiation in a Large-Scale Atmospheric Model using a Cloud Vertical Structure classification
Authors: Lee Dongmin , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Cho Nayeong
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We revisit Cloud Vertical Structure (CVS) classes we have previously employed to classify the planet’s cloudiness. The CVS classification reflects simple combinations of simultaneous cloud occurrence in the three standard layers traditionally used to separate low, middle, and high clouds and was applied to a dataset derived from active lidar and cloud radar observations. This classification is now introduced in an Atmospheric Global Climate Model (AGCM), specifically NASA’s GEOS-5, in order to evaluate the realism of its cloudiness and of the radiative effects associated with the various CVS classes. Determination of CVS and associated radiation in the model is possible thanks to the implementation of a subcolumn cloud generator which is paired with the model’s radiative transfer algorithm. We assess GEOS-5 cloudiness in terms of the statistics and geographical distributions of the CVS classes, as well as features of their associated Cloud Radiative Effect (CRE). We decompose the model’s CVS-specific CRE errors into component errors stemming from biases in the frequency of occurrence of the CVSs, and biases in their internal radiative characteristics. Our framework sheds additional light into the verisimilitude of cloudiness in large scale models and can be used to complement cloud evaluations that take advantage of satellite simulator implementations.
Use of Sentinel-1 radar observations to evaluate snowmelt dynamics
in alpine regions
Authors: Marin Carlo , Bertoldi Giacomo , Premier Valentina , Callegari Mattia , Brida Christian , Hürkamp Kerstin , Tschiersch Jochen , Zebisch Marc , Notarnicola Claudia
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Knowing the timing and the evolution of the snow melting process is very important, since it allows the prediction of: i) the snow melt onset; ii) the snow gliding and wet-snow avalanches; iii) the release of snow contaminants and iv) the runoff onset. The snowmelt can be monitored by jointly measuring snowpack parameters such as the snow water equivalent (SWE) or the amount of free liquid water content (LWC). However, continuous measurements of SWE and LWC are rare and difficult to be obtained. On the other hand, active microwave sensors such as the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mounted on board of satellites, are highly sensitive to LWC of the snowpack and can provide spatially distributed information with a high resolution. Moreover, with the introduction of Sentinel-1, SAR images are regularly acquired every 6 days over several places in the world. In this paper we analyze the correlation between the multi-temporal SAR backscattering and the snowmelt dynamics. We compared Sentinel-1 backscattering with snow properties derived from in situ observations and process-based snow modeling simulations for five alpine test sites in Italy, Germany and Switzerland considering two hydrological years. We found that the multi-temporal SAR measurements allow the identification of the three melting phases that characterize the melting process i.e., moistening, ripening and runoff. In detail, we found that the C-band SAR backscattering decreases as soon as the snow starts containing water, and that the backscattering increases as soon as SWE starts decreasing, which corresponds to the release of meltwater from the snowpack. We discuss the possible reasons of this increase, which are not directly correlated to the SWE decrease, but to the different snow conditions, which change the backscattering mechanisms. Finally, we show a spatially-distributed application of the identification of the runoff onset from SAR images for a mountain catchment, i.e., the Zugspitze catchment in Germany. Results allow to better understand the spatial and temporal evolution of melting dynamics in mountain regions. The presented investigation could have relevant applications for monitoring and predicting the snowmelt progress over large regions.
Navigating the Lows to Gain New Heights: Constraints to SoTL Engagement
Authors: Webb Andrea S.
Published: September 2019

Novice Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) leaders making the transition from scholarly teaching to SoTL to SoTL Leadership face many challenges within higher education. Not only does traditional academic culture confine most academics to disciplinary silos, but promotion and tenure requirements encourage faculty members to conduct SoTL work “off the side of their desk,” if at all (Boyer, 1990; Dobbins, 2008; Webb, Wong, & Hubball, 2013). This paper shares some of the findings from a recent study that investigated what constrained educational leaders’ understanding of SoTL while enrolled in a SoTL Leadership program at a Canadian research-intensive university. The paper will also explore implications for the support and enrichment of educational leadership.
Los derechos culturales: una categoría aún subestimada de derechos humanos
Authors: Muñoz Cárcamo Andrés
Published: September 2019

Este artículo busca presentar una lectura en torno a los derechos culturales, derechos humanos que siguen reclamando por mayor atención. Se apunta a su complejidad conceptual, derivada de la amplitud de significado de la cultura. Considerando un concepto general, se propone aproximarse a ellos mediante la idea de «derechos expresamente culturales». Bajo este conjunto acotado de derechos humanos es posible agrupar una vasta extensión de asuntos culturales de relevancia jurídica. Se abordan someramente las nociones de identidades, diversidad y patrimonio cultural, que figuran como partes claves del lenguaje de los derechos culturales. Adicionalmente, se vincula la dimensión colectiva de la cultura con el ejercicio en grupo o comunidad de los derechos individuales, así como se alude a la espinosa cuestión de los derechos colectivos, todo lo cual es relevante para los pueblos indígenas y las minorías culturales. Finalmente, se trata con mayor detención el derecho a participar en la vida cultural, aquel cuyo contenido se aprecia como el más extensivo de este catálogo, y se describen aspectos de su alcance, en particular las obligaciones dirigidas a los Estados en orden a su respeto, protección y satisfacción. Este análisis puede ofrecer luces para la interpretación de la categoría completa de derechos culturales.
La implementación del convenio 169 de la OIT en Chile: la paradoja de los derechos indígenas
Authors: Quilaleo Fernando
Published: September 2019

El modelo de vida Occidental construyó una racionalidad, llamada Modernidad, que permitió la inclusión dentro de sus parámetros reflexivos a toda otredad existente más allá de sus fronteras civilizatorias. En el Siglo XX se generó el Sistema Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y también el Sistema de Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas. Una manifestación concreta en Chile de este sistema fue la ratificación del Convenio 169 de la OIT. En los últimos años, este Tratado presenta dificultades de legitimación porque los actores no expresan una evaluación positiva de su proceso de implementación. Un explicación posible es que el Convenio 169 tensiona y enfrenta a dos modelos de vida, la Globalización y el modelo de vida de los pueblos indígenas. Los pueblos indígenas con sus reclamaciones llevan al límite de sus posibilidades esta arquitectura racional de la Modernidad. Los problemas del Convenio 169 no serían solo problemas de aplicabilidad, sino que hace los planteamientos de defensa de sus formas de vida por los pueblos indígenas, lleva a una crisis general a toda la arquitectura jurídico-filosófica, toda la racionalidad que lo sustenta.
El derecho a la indemnización por error judicial y la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado para hacer efectivo el acceso a la justicia: el caso de México
Authors: Marullo Maria Chiara , Romero Jessica Cristina
Published: September 2019

El derecho de acceso a la justicia, derecho humano y principio básico del Estado de Derecho, es esencial para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible y sociedades más justas y pacíficas. Para asegurar su efectividad, los Estados deben implementar medidas para salvaguardar, entre otros, derechos, garantías y protección judicial. Razón por la que creemos, debemos referirnos a la Agenda de la ONU sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, particularmente el objetivo 16: Acceso a la justicia, para hacer una crítica respecto de la creación de estrategias y acciones en un tema que se ha omitido por el legislador mexicano, la indemnización por error judicial. Ya que el marco legal y de interpretación no contribuye a exigirle al Estado una responsabilidad directa y objetiva por los daños causados a una persona que ha sido privada de su libertad injustamente.