bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites
Authors: Lin Guang Yi , Gao Ben Fa , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: March 2011

The NR/SBR/oranoclay nancomposites were prepared by mechanical mixing method. The dispersion of the oranoclay in the rubber matrix was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. And the effects of different filler and contents on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the particles of organoclay can be dispersed homogeneously in the rubber matrix. Compbination of carbon black and organoclay shows the synergistic effect which lead to high tensile strength. In addition, organoclay can decrease the Mooney viscosity which is useful for processing. The method is simple, which can be used industrially for use of organoclay in elastomer.
Deformation Analysis of Polyurethane Screen Deck in Linear Vibrating Screen
Authors: Zhang Ze Rong , Wang Yong Yan
Published: March 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of polyurethane screen deck in linear vibrating screen. The dynamic model of polyurethane screen deck in sieving is built. The maximum deformation of grizzly bar is studied and the section size of grizzly bar is optimized. The maximum deformation of grizzly bar is mainly affected by the vibration amplitude and the inclined angle of the vibrating screen. The optimization curve between the height and width of grizzly bar is obtained.
The Mould Design of the Car’s Oil Strainer Based on Pro/E
Authors: Zhang Ya Lan , Wu Li Feng , Zhang Kun
Published: March 2011

Using the software of PRO/E, the technology of CAD and the high polymer material of the blending system consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) which is rubber-modified copolymer, we can develop the oil strainer of automobile and the three-dimensional design about the injection mould in order to shorten the development cycle and to improve the design efficiency.
The Mold Flow Analysis of the Car that Based on Pro/E
Authors: Zhang Ya Lan , Zhang Kun
Published: March 2011

The level of the mold production for a country is an important symbol of the manufacturing level. In order to shorten the cycle of mold design and being put to use, we use the injection mold CAE software MOLDFLOW to simulate the plastic parts of automobile and simulate the design of gating processes of plastic parts to find flaws in advance and ensure the quality of products.
N-Lamina Model of Extrusion Pressure of Non-Plug Flow Solid Conveying in Feeding Section by Single-Screw Extrusion Molding
Authors: Liu Chun Hui , Qin Jian Hua , Shi Da Li
Published: March 2011

While extrusion molding with single-screw extruder, extrusion pressure comes into being from feeding section; it is one of the basic conditions to ensure that extrusion process can be carried on normally, in order to ensure molding process goes smoothly, it must meet the following requirement: extrusion pressure generated during the process must be sufficient. Therefore it has certain engineering significance to design structure of a single screw correctly that a mathematical model for formation of extrusion pressure during single-screw extrusion molding will have to be established. This paper conducted a research on theory of extrusion pressure when powder of pure UHMWPE resin is still in feeding section by molding in barrel of the single screw extruder specially designed for pure UHMWPE, and established a n-lamina model of powder materials or grain materials which is in feeding section and at the state of non-plug flow solid conveying, and it provided a method to calculate extrusion pressure of the n-lamina model, thus it enriched and perfected theory of single-screw extrusion molding.
A Statistical Method to Determine the Volume Fractions of Inclusions in Polymer Composites
Authors: Li Xiao Lei , Li Xiao Jing , Zhang Jian Wei , Qie Yan Hui , Li Xin Ye , Liu Bo
Published: March 2011

. The volume fraction of inclusions is one of the most critical parameters of polymer composites, which affects or even decides the mechanical behaviour of the materials. A procedure to calculate the volume fractions of inclusions of any size and shape distributions in polymer composites is introduced. It combines the capabilities of a digital processing technique to obtain configuration parameters of inclusions and of a statistical analysis which determines their volume fractions.The measurement principles and the basic procedures of the method are explained in detail. The procedure has been validated on simple shapes. The subsequent analysis is carried out using the method and is shown to be stable in some cases.
Portable Benzo[a]pyrene Immunosensor Based on the Polyanline Nanofiber Modified Screen-Printed Electrode
Authors: Wang Chun Ping , Zhou Jie Dan , Huang Yi Bin , Liang Gen Quan , Liu Ying Ju , Lei Hong Tao
Published: March 2011

In this work, polyaniline nanofiber was synthesized. Then, polyaniline nanofiber and chitosan were dropped onto the surface of the self-prepared screen-printed electrode (SPE), respectively. After aminopyrene-BSA conjugate was immobilized on the modified electrode surface with the aid of EDC/NHS solution, the primary antibody was dropped on the modified SPE and followed by the HRP-labeled secondary antibody, thus a disposable immunosensor was developed for the rapid detection of benzo[a]pyrene based on an indirect immunoassay.
Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/Zirconia Nanoparticles Composites
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Zhong Cheng , Zhu Wei , Li Fa Chuang
Published: March 2011

Conductive polyaniline/zirconia (PANI/ZrO2) composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The structure and morph- ology of composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conductivity was also investigated. The results showed that PANI and ZrO2 nanoparticles were not simply blended, and a strong interaction existed at the interface of ZrO2 and PANI. It was probably a composite at molecular level. The composites were more thermal stability than that of the pure PANI. XRD analyses confirmed PANI deposited on the surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles had no effect on crystallization performance of ZrO2 nanoparticles. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity of PANI/ZrO2 composites was much higher than that of PANI and the maximum conductivity obtained was 11.27S/cm at 15 wt% of ZrO2 nanoparticles.
Development of a Two-Dimensional Force Model and Data Analysis for the Tire Uniformity Testing Machine
Authors: Hang Bai Lin , Duan Zhen Ya
Published: March 2011

Force model of tire uniformity testing system and data analysis method are fundamental to a tire uniformity testing machine. Based on theoretical analysis, this paper proposes a two-dimensional force model to calculate tire’s radial and lateral force, confirm the mechanical structures of the existing tire uniformity testing machine’s testing system and verify the validity of its testing method by the model. According to this two-dimensional force model and FFT data analysis method, the YLJ series tire uniformity testing machine is developed. It is mainly applied for fully auto online uniformity test and size deviation. The authors also explained the operational principle, data measurement and analysis procedure of the YLJ series tire uniformity testing machine.
Study of the Heat Storage Device Characteristic in the Solar Chimney Power Plant System with Vertical Collector
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zheng Wen Juan , Liu Xiao Hui , Li Qing Ling
Published: March 2011

The three difference structural heat storage devices are designed used paraffin as phase change heat storage materials for the chimney power plant system with vertical collector, and the FLUENT software is used to study the heat storing and releasing capacity of four different structural heat storage devices. The results are shown that: in the same case, The heat storage and heat release abilities of the devices with different surfaces are studied through numerical simulation, the results show that: the heat storage ability of the device with fins is much better than that of flat-plate device, and the heat storage ability of the device with longitudinal fins is a little better than that of the device with lateral fins. So for the solar chimney power plant system with vertical collector, the heat storage device with longitudinal fins can be chosen in consideration of the flow resistance and heat transfer ability. These results are the theoretical basis for the actual construction of the solar chimney power plant system with vertical collector.
Study on Foaming Effect of the Biodegradable Buffer Material
Authors: Zeng Xian Kui , Meng Guang Zhen , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: March 2011

The foaming effect of the biodegradable buffer material was investigated in this paper. Starch, plant fiber, plasticizer and nucleating agent were mixed, and the mixture was molded. After completion of preparation of materials, the porosity of material was calculated. Porosity reflects the foaming effect of the buffer material. Many factors determine the foaming effect of biodegradable buffer material. The primary and secondary factors were shown: foaming temperature>particle size>foaming time>the ratio of starch and fiber. The porosity of biodegradable buffer material can reach as much as 72.02 percent.
Research on Crafts of Ni-P-SiC Electroless Composite Plating on Surface Performances of the Mould
Authors: Hou Jun Ying , Wang Chuan Sheng , Bai Yang
Published: March 2011

Experiments of Ni-P-SiC chemical composite plating were carried out, and then the crafts and performances of Ni-P-SiC chemical composite plating were investigated. Based on the previous researches of the chemical composite plating, different amount of SiC particles and different conditions of technologies were selected. After experiments, the distribution surface particles, the metallographic structure and hardness of composite coatings were characterized by using a XJZ-6A type metalloscope and a HVS1000 type micro-hardometer, respectively. The results show that the composite coatings have bright surface appearance. Besides having a higher hardness, composite coatings combine well with the matrix and the deposition rate is quick. In the factors which influenced the properties of the composite coatings, the amount of SiC particles and plating time are analyzed.
Screw Conveyor Design and Processing in Rubber Production
Authors: Fu Ping , Li Shan Hu , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: March 2011

Powder was fed to improving or increasing rubber performance in rubber production. Due to the variety of powder, different feeding quantity and material liquidity and high precision needed, often choose screw conveyor to convey and weigh all kinds of powder. This paper mainly introduce the structure of the screw conveyor for rubber production, analyses the impact of the main parameters of screw conveyor on its performance and conveying capacity. A method of chosen and confirmed the mainly design parameters of screw conveyor was illustrated, and introduced the helical blade and screw shaft of the screw conveyor processing method combining with actual production.
Effect of Transformation on Springback for TRIP Steel Stamping
Authors: Liu Li , Shan Ti Kun
Published: March 2011

A relation between the Young’s modulus and the martensitic transformation during TRIP sheet steel stamping is investigated. A TRIP steel, TRIP600, is used to study the phenomenon. The transformation kinetics under different loading paths were gotten through simple-shear, uniaxial tension, plane strain and equibiaxial stretching tests. The Young’s modulus, which plays an important role in accurate springback prediction for TRIP steel sheet stamping, is changed with the martensitic transformation during TRIP steel deformation. To improve the accuracy of springback simulation, the constitutive model of the TRIP steel is developed considering the variation of the Young’s modulus with the martensitic transformation. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results.
Study on Low Profile SMC for the Production of Cylinder Head Cover
Authors: Yang Ming , Nie Yu Jing , Zhu Xiu Fang , Ming Rui Feng
Published: March 2011

In this paper, one kind of low profile SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound) has been introduced and used to produce the cylinder head cover. Two kinds of low profile additives (polystyrene and polyester resin) were blended and added to the resin to compensate for the cure shrinkage. The cure shrinkage of obtained low profile SMC was only 0.05%, which met the requirements for class A surfaces. Test sample were prepared by mould pressing. Properties testing of SMC were conducted according to the National standards. Results showed that all of the indexes of the low profile SMC met the specifications for the production of cylinder head cover. Some properties of cylinder head cover products have been investigated in detail. Experimental and performance testing results showed that this kind of cylinder head cover is suitable for the automotive application.
The Kinetic Parameter Calculations of the Shift Pairs about the Tripod Universal Joint
Authors: Li Li
Published: March 2011

By choosing some right kinetic coordinates and using the direction cosine matrices as the major mathematics tools, the kinetic problems of the tripod universal joint are resolved successfully. Three kinetic parameters are deduced,which are the center distance between ball rollers, the displacement of ram and acceleration of the ram. They are the design foundation of the tripod universal joint.
Design and Characterization of a Flexible Micro-Displacement Manipulator
Authors: Ji Hua Wei , Hu Xiao Ping
Published: March 2011

For its fast response, nanometer resolution, no backlash, no friction and bigger driving force, flexure hinge has been commonly used as a substitute for mechanical joints in the design of micro-displacement mechanisms used in vibration suppression and micro-positioning applications. However, inaccurate modeling of flexure hinges deteriorates the positioning accuracy. In this paper, a planar two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel four-bar manipulator is designed with the intention of accurate flexure hinge modeling. A 1-DOF flexure hinge is considered, a static analysis and a dynamic analytical model of parallel four-bar manipulator is presented. Simulation result based on the finite element method is coincident to the analytic result. Based on the theoretical analysis, the experimental demonstration to study the performance of the manipulator is described, and experimental results are in close agreement with those predicted by the theoretical analysis.
Study on Properties of Polyester Short Fiber-NR Composites
Authors: Wang Chuan Sheng , Hou Mei Lian , Li Li , Bian Hui Guang
Published: March 2011

The properites of a polyester short fiber-NR composites was investigated. The polyester short fiber-NR composites was made by the open mill. The properties of the composites, such as mechanical properties, vulcanization characteristics, and heat aging properties, with different quantities of polyester short fiber was studied. The experiment results showed that right amount of short fiber can increase mechanical properties of SFRC. The interface adhesion between short fiber and matrix is better, the composites have better the reinforcement and the heat aging properties.
Study on Thermal Conductivity of Composites of Rubber/CB with Good Electrical Properties
Authors: Song Jun Ping , He Yan , Ma Lian Xiang
Published: March 2011

Graphitized carbon black 40b2 and acetylene black were filled separately in natural rubber matrix for preparing vulcanized rubber. The thermal conductivity of both kinds of composites was studied considering filler loading and temperature. SEM and TEM were applied to observe morphology of the filler and composites. The experimental results show that thermal conductivity of acetylene black/rubber composites is much better than that of graphitized carbon black 40b2/rubber composites, which is opposite to the electric conduction properties. As filler loading increased, the difference increased, and when the filler loading is up to 40phr, the thermal conductivity value of acetylene black/rubber composite is 53% larger than the other one. TEM shows that acetylene black has more botryoidal structure, larger carbon black aggregates in size, and much looser surface than 40b2.Moreover, for acetylene black, particles contact by surface mainly, and for 40b2, particles contact by point mainly. SEM shows that the distribution of carbon black 40b2 in rubber matrix is much better than acetylene black. The better thermal conductivity for acetylene black is attributed to the higher structure, nonuniform distribution in rubber matrix and surface contact between particles.
Process of Supercritical CO2 Extraction and Improved Design of Extraction Equipment
Authors: Guo Jian Zhang , Zhao Peng , Wang Wei Qiang
Published: March 2011

Supercritical CO2 extraction technology was overviewed first in this paper. Then the processes of supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed. After the advantages and disadvantages of various processes were noted, the quick-opening sealing structures at home and abroad for the batch extractor were introduced in this paper. Finally for the thread type quick-opening sealing structure, improvements were made to solve the problems encountered in practical application of the traditional thread type quick-opening sealing structure.
The Study of Electroless Ni-P Coating on Aluminum Tyre Mold
Authors: Guo Jian Zhang , Xu Bin
Published: March 2011

In order to improve the service life of the aluminum tyre mold, AC7A aluminum alloy was processed by electroless Ni-P plating under orthogonal experiment. The coating was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ,Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD).The experimental results showed that the electroless Ni-P coating on aluminum alloy was amorphous structure, with high hardness and good corrosion resistance; the structure became crystal structure after heat treatment, and the hardness of the coating was improved, could catch HV828; the thickness of the coating was 28μm. The results showed that the hardness and thickness of the coating meet the requirement of the AC7A aluminum alloy tyre mold, and the service life of the aluminum tyre mold were improved.
Optimization of Packing Pressure Curve in Injection Molding Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhang Hui Min , Li Meng , Yang Lu Lu
Published: March 2011

The packing stage is the most important stage to plastic parts quality. If the packing curve is not set reasonably, non-uniform distribution of pressure is caused in injection mold cavities, which results in that plastic parts emerge a series of quality problems, such as: warpage, sink marks, and poor dimensional accuracy. Taking into consideration complexity of in the cavities in the packing stage, this paper set packing curve two stages. First stage packing pressure was set at constant so that cavity pressure also kept constant tendency, thus difference of shrinkage rate was reduced, and second stage was set at linear decreasing so that packing pressure hold consistent with cavity pressure that gradually decreased to zero with the melt curing, thereby residual stress was reduced. The packing curve values were optimized, by balancing cavity pressure that is the intermediate variables time after time by the numerical simulation technology. The best packing curve was ultimately got.
Study on the Influence of Initial Temperature of Tire on Curing Temperature Field and Cure State
Authors: Li Qing Ling , Fan Lian Cui , Li Tao , Chen Hai Long
Published: March 2011

The influence of initial curing temperature on curing temperature field and cure state in the process of tire curing was studied by FE (Finite Element) analysis method. Preheating was carried out under atmospheric pressure. Preheating temperature should be lower than curing temperature to prevent the air bubbles. The temperature was set at 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C. The results show that the preheating treatment cause the temperature rise uniformly in each parts of the tire, which not only shortened the curing time in the curing press, but also improved the uniformity of curing state of the tire.
Influence of Draw Ratio on Crystal Morphology and Structure of β-Form of Isotactic Polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Jing Bo , Qiu Bi Wei , Ji Fang Fang , Shen Chang Yu
Published: March 2011

The effects of the draw ratio (DR) on the polymorphic nature of β-iPP were investigated by polarized light microscopy (PLM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The iPP sheet is extruded through a slit die, and then the extruded sheets were hot stretched with the different draw ratio (DR). DSC and WAXD results indicate that the β-iPP content increase with DR increasing from 4.8 to 10.8. β-spherulites can be observed by PLM in the stretched specimen even at a lower DR (4.8). With increasing draw ratio, the relative amount of the β-cylindrites crystals gradually increased.
The Study of Fuzzy/PID Compound Control Algorithms in Rubber Sulfuration Process Based on Sugeno Rules
Authors: Zhang Chun Tang , Yu Zhen Zhu
Published: March 2011

Aiming at rubber sulfuration of nonlinear, delay and complexity, a Fuzzy/PID compound control algorithm is proposed. The algorithm combined fuzzy inference system and PID algorithm, it has solved well the problem which is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model because of the uncertainties and complexities of rubber sulfuration. The simulation results indicate that the control algorithm is viable and effective.
Experimental Research on the Hot Knife’s Temperature in Radial Tire Building Machine
Authors: Tang Yue , Dai Yong Ping
Published: March 2011

The article researches and analyses the temperature of two kinds of new hot knife. And it also does the thermal analysis by Pro/e MECHANICAL about the special steel hot knife. It shows the integral and steady-state distribution of the temperature of the metal knife and proves the accuracy of the experimental data. Through the practical production, the ideal result of the cutting surface can be obtained by controlling the temperature. The article also makes the contrast of the two kinds of surfaces by the electron microscopy. By the contrast, the surface which meets the technological requirements can be obtained by the cutting of the hot knife.
The Study of the Extruder Screw for the Rubber and Plastics Blend
Authors: Wang Guan Zhong
Published: March 2011

The recent development in the fabrication of extruder, especially screw extruder, for the rubber and plastics blend were reviewed. A differential twin screw extruder was developed and employed for the rubber and plastic blend in the present work.
Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis on the 2-Dimentional Flow Field of Internal Mixer
Authors: Zhao Hai Xia , Bian Hui Guang
Published: March 2011

Two-dimensional flow field simulation of two-wing synchronous rotor and four-wing synchronous rotor mixer were studied and the simulation computation of the fluid-structure interaction in a real sense were realized with FEM software. It can be concluded that the synchronous four-wing rotor can produce the pressure area for mixing rubber better than the synchronous two-wing rotor under the same conditions, and therefore, refining capacity and efficiency of the synchronous four-wing rotor are bigger than that of the synchronous two-wing rotor.
Thermal Conductivity of Solid Argon Nano-Films from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Ma Lian Xiang , Tang Yuan Zheng , He Yan
Published: March 2011

Thermal conductivity of L-J potential solid argon nano-films is calculated by equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations in the temperature range from 30K to 80K. A LAMMPS computer program has been modified based on classical molecular dynamics. It can be directly used to calculate the thermal conductivity of nano-films in the direction perpendicular to the film plane. Thermal conductivity calculated from this program is compared with experimental data. It is found that this computer program is competent to calculate the thermal conductivity of solid nano-films. It is also found that thermal conductivity is dependent on the simulation temperature and film thickness.
The Effect of the Rotor’s Shape for the Mixing about the Mixing-Extruding Machine
Authors: Li Li , Wang Yun , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: March 2011

The mixing-extruding machine is made up of mixer and unconventional double-cone screw extruder, which has both the excellent mixing capabilities and the continuous extruding characters. In the mixer chamber, the complex mixing motion of the blends is determined by the different kinds of forces acting on the blends. The different structure of the rotor, the distribution of the three direction forces is changed also。From the force analysis about the blends, there are three structure factors about rotor effecting the mixing process, such as the wedge angle θ of the rotor’s cross-section, the helix angle β of the rotor’s wing and the length of the wings. The best value of each structure factor can be gotten from theoretical analysis.
Numerical Model of Melt-Through in a Fully Penetrated GTA Weld Pool
Authors: Zhao Peng Cheng , Li Shu Jiang
Published: March 2011

A mechanical model of the fully penetrated gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) weld pool was established to investigate how the melt-through takes place. Analyses show that the forces acting on the liquid metal column which locates in the center of weld pool, whose undersurface and altitude are the bottom surface and thickness of weld pool respectively, determine whether the melt-through occurs. A criterion is set up for judging whether the workpiece will melt through with a specific thickness and selected welding parameters. Factors influencing the melt-through are studied theoretically, and the magnitude and scale of forces that acting on the liquid metal column in a quasi-steady state weld pool are calculated numerically. By using the established criterion, welding currents suitable for a workpiece with specific thickness are predicted.
Numerical Simulation of Shrinkage in the Microinjection Molding of Multi-Microparts Produced in one Mold
Authors: Wang Jian , Yang Wei Min
Published: March 2011

The aim of this paper is to verify the reliability of numerical results obtained by using MPI (Moldflow Plastic Insight) for predicting the shrinkage of multi-microparts produced in one mold in microinjection molding. 3D numerical simulation (control volume finite element method) was employed. Pure and 10-20 % GRF (glass fiber reinforced) POM materials were used for the plastic material. The injection molding process was used for different parameters (mold temperature, melt temperature and injection pressure). A DOE (Design of Experiments) technique was then used to plan the numerical simulation activity of the injection molding phase. Among injection processing parameters (mold temperature, melt temperature and injection pressure), the results showed that the mold temperature is the most important factor to affect the shrinkage of multi-microparts significantly for processing parameters. The results also indicated that the processing is very well for micro-injection molding by numerical simulation. In addition, properties of polymer composites with added fillers were systematically studied. Numerical simulation results showed that the numerical resulting composites with 10–20 wt% glass particles exhibited significant improvement in shrinkage, and showed good agreement with experimental results.
PLA Nanofibers Electrospun from System of Low Toxicity Solvent
Authors: Liu Li Wei , Kang Wei Min , Cheng Bo Wen , Liu Ya
Published: March 2011

In this paper polylactide (PLA) nanofibers were successfully prepared via electrospinning using low toxic 1,4-dioxane and acetone as co-solvents. The morphology of nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the different weight ratios of co-solvent, concentrations of spinning solution, electrostatic voltages and collecting distance. Results indicate that the finer and uniform nanofibers were electrospun from the concentration of the spinning solutions at 8 wt.%, 1,4-dioxane and acetone with ratio of 40/60 (w/w), the spinning voltage at 20kV, the collecting distance at 180 mm and the extruding speed at 5 mL/h.
Preparation of Pd Membrane Supported on Al2O3 Nanofiber Nonwoven Used in Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Shi Jie , Jia Di , Cheng Bo Wen , Kang Wei Min , Bai Xue
Published: March 2011

. In this paper, thin palladium (Pd) membranes, which are supported on alumina nanofiber nonwoven produced by electrospinning method, were prepared by electroless plating method. The influence of different pretreatment methods (iron wire activation) and reducing agent (sodium hypophosphite and hydrazine hydrate) on the structure of Pd membrane were studied. The morphology, surface element and crystal structure of the Pd membrane were investigated by SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that the compact Pd membrane was formed on the alumina nanofiber nonwoven when the pretreatment method of iron wire activation was adopted and the reducing agent of sodium hypophosphite was used, which will be applied widely in hydrogen separation area.
Research Progress and Application of Multi-Point Forming
Authors: Li Hui Min , Guo Wei Gang
Published: March 2011

The research progress was introduced about multi-point forming press. It include forming process, reconfigurable die and finite element method. The forming method provided the techonology for development of the aviation industry and automotive industry. The application prospect and techonology dominance were instructed by illuminating body frame of coach.
A Preparation Method for Inner Liner of Non-Butyl Rubber Composites
Authors: Yang Wei Min , Li Chang Jin , Li Shu Jiang
Published: March 2011

preparation method for inner liner of non-butyl rubber composites is introduced. The inner liner of non-butyl rubber composite is a kind of layered composite materials, which is made of the rubber and the barrier material by using a new type of nano-laminated composite manufacturing methods. The inner liner of non-butyl rubber composite can be replaced the butyl rubber for the preparation of tire inner tube, tubeless tires and gas-tight layer of sealing products.
FEM Analysis of Mixer Rotors of the Waste Rubber Reclaimed
Authors: Guo Lei , Wang Lei , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: March 2011

In this paper, the flow field of mixer rotors of the wasted rubber reclaimed is firstly used with FEM software-ADINA. The field includes the pressure and velocity field, the shear velocity vetor and viscosity field. According to the results of the analysis, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages and applicability of the mechanical cross-linking solution of the waste rubber. And it shows the shearing tear ability of new 4-wing synchronous rotor is far more than it of ordinary 4-wing synchronous rotor. So the good flow scattered performance is.
Impacts of Acid Treatment on the Characteristics of Native Corn Starch Granules
Authors: Jin Xin , Hou Shuan Qing , Sha Xiao Xu , Yu Liang
Published: March 2011

Native corn starches were acid-treated at 53 °C for hours in HCl aqueous solution. The peak temperature (Tp) and heat of gelatinization (ΔHgel) before and after treatments were determined. The average particle size, TG and viscosity were measured. The results showed that the viscosity of corn starch decreased from 630mPa to 4.6mPa after acid treatment for 6h. The average particle size decreased and ΔHgel decreased obviously after acid modification.
Structure and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Diacetate-Graft-Poly(lactic Acid) Copolymer
Authors: Deng Wen Jian , Zhuang Xu Pin , Guan Ke Tian , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: March 2011

To improve the thermal behavior of cellulose diacetate, cellulose diacetate-graft-poly(lactic acid) copolymers (CDA-g-PLAs) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide using stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as catalyst. The molecular structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR and the thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The results showed that the product was grafted copolymer of cellulose diacetate-graft-poly(lactic acid) with different side-chain structure. The thermal processing properties of CDA-g-PLAs are remarkably improved with melting temperature(Tm) about 140°C which lower than that of CDA and decomposition temperature (Td) higher than 260°C.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes with Typical Structure from the Pyrolysis Flame
Authors: Liu Yuan Chao , Zheng Na Na , Huang Jing Dong , Sun Bao Min
Published: March 2011

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from V-type pyrolysis flame is a kind of new method. It has potential for carbon nanotubes preparation in mass production. Carbon monoxide was as carbon source and the acetylene/air premixed gas provides heat by combustion. Hydrogen/helium premixed gas acted as diluted and protection gas. Pentacarbonyl iron was served as catalyst. Carbon nanotubes with less impurity and high yield were captured successfully in the V-type pyrolysis flame. The diameter of carbon nanotubes was approximate between 10nm and 20nm, and its length was dozens of microns. The size of catalyst nanoparticles approximately was from 5 nm to 8nm in diameter. This study aims to examine the formation process of typical carbon nanotubes from pyrolysis flame and to characterize their morphology and structure. The morphology and structural of carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy respectively. Temperature was the key parameter in the process of synthesis carbon nanotubes. The concentration of catalyst had important influence on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Sampling time directly determined whether carbon nanotubes formation was completely. The carbon “dissolved-proliferation-separate out” theory can be used to explain that pentacarbonyl iron catalyses carbon monoxide in the process of carbon nanotube formation.
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of Amy1: An Alpha-Amylase from Cryptococcus flavus Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira , Silva Roberto Nascimento , Lottermann Muriele Taborda , Álvares Alice Cunha Morales , Moraes Lídia Maria Pepe de , Torres Fernando Araripe Gonçalves , Freitas Sonia Maria de , Ulhoa Cirano José
Published: March 2011

An extracellular alpha-amylase (Amy1) whose gene from Cryptococcus flavus was previously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to homogeneity (67 kDa) by ion-exchange and molecular exclusion chromatography. The enzyme was activated by NH4+ and inhibited by Cu+2 and Hg+2. Significant biochemical and structural discrepancies between wild-type and recombinant α-amylase with respect to Km values, enzyme specificity, and secondary structure content were found. Far-UV CD spectra analysis at pH 7.0 revealed the high thermal stability of both proteins and the difference in folding pattern of Amy1 compared with wild-type amylase from C. flavus, which reflected in decrease (10-fold) of enzymatic activity of recombinant protein. Despite the differences, the highest activity of Amy1 towards soluble starch, amylopectin, and amylase, in contrast with the lowest activity of Amy1w, points to this protein as being of paramount biotechnological importance with many applications ranging from food industry to the production of biofuels.
Cardiorenal Syndromes and Sepsis
Authors: Chelazzi C. , Villa G. , De Gaudio A. R.
Published: March 2011

The cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical and pathophysiological entity defined as the concomitant presence of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. In patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, acute cardiovascular, and renal derangements are common, that is, the septic cardiorenal syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology and clinical features of septic cardiorenal syndrome in light of the actual clinical and experimental evidence. In particular, the importance of systemic and intrarenal endothelial dysfunction, alterations of kidney perfusion, and myocardial function, organ “crosstalk” and ubiquitous inflammatory injury have been extensively reviewed in light of their role in cardiorenal syndrome etiology. Treatment includes early and targeted optimization of hemodynamics to reverse systemic hypotension and restore urinary output. In case of persistent renal impairment, renal replacement therapy may be used to remove cytokines and restore renal function.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Atrial Fibrillation: A World without Anticoagulation?
Authors: Contractor Tahmeed , Khasnis Atul
Published: March 2011

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia with an incidence that is as high as 10% in the elderly population. Given the large proportion of strokes caused by AF as well as the associated morbidity and mortality, reducing stroke burden is the most important part of AF management. While warfarin significantly reduces the risk of AF-related stroke, perceived bleeding risks and compliance limit its widespread use in the high-risk AF population. The left atrial appendage is believed to be the “culprit” for thrombogenesis in nonvalvular AF and is a new therapeutic target for stroke prevention. The purpose of this review is to explore the evolving field of percutaneous LAA occlusion. After briefly highlighting the risk of stroke with AF, problems with warfarin, and the role of the LAA in clot formation, this article discusses the feasibility and efficacy of various devices which have been developed for percutaneous LAA occlusion.
Different Clinical Presentation of Appendicolithiasis. The Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kaya Bulent , Eris Cengiz
Published: March 2011

An appendicolith is composed of firm feces and some mineral deposits. After increased use of abdominal computed tomography, appendicoliths are more frequently detected. Most of the patients with appendicolith are asymptomatic. However, an appendicolith may be associated with complicated appendicitis with serious outcomes. We reported three patients who exhibited different clinical symptoms due to appendicolithiasis. While one of the patients was confused with urolithiasis, the other two patients presented with phlegmenous and perforated appendicitis. We submit that appendicoliths may present different clinical findings and can mimic several pathologies including urinary disorders.
Acyl peroxy nitrate measurements during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China
Authors: Xu Z. , Zhang J. , Yang G. , Hu M.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. In situ measurements of acyl peroxy nitrates (PANs), including peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN), were conducted using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) system during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China. The maximum mixing ratios were 17.81, 2.48, and 0.27 ppbv for PAN, PPN, and MPAN, respectively. During the measurement period, PAN levels twice exceeded the maximum recommended mixing ratio established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Average ratios of PAN/PPN, PAN/MPAN, and PPN/MPAN were 7.41, 47.65, and 6.91, respectively. The average ratio of PAN/O3 (0.15) in Beijing was significantly higher than those in other areas studied. The frequencies of PANs showed both Gaussian and Weibull modes of distribution. Wind direction was closely related to PAN variation. Anthropogenic sources played an important role in PAN formation, as estimated from PPN and MPAN levels. Relative humidity (RH) and total particle surface area were related with the heterogeneous reactions of PANs with surface concentrations of particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter.
Quality control of automated hyperspectral remote sensing measurements from a seaborne platform
Authors: Garaba S. P. , Wernand M. R. , Zielinski O.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. In this study four data quality flags are presented for automated and unmanned above-water hyperspectral optical measurements collected underway in the North Sea, The Minch, Irish Sea and Celtic Sea in April/May 2009. Coincident to these optical measurements a DualDome D12 (Mobotix, Germany) camera system was used to capture sea surface and sky images. The first three flags are based on meteorological conditions, to select erroneous incoming solar irradiance (ES) taken during dusk, dawn, before significant incoming solar radiation could be detected or under rainfall. Furthermore, the relative azimuthal angle of the optical sensors to the sun is used to identify possible sunglint free sea surface zones. A total of 629 spectra remained after applying the meteorological masks (first three flags). Based on this dataset, a fourth flag for sunglint was generated by analysing and evaluating water leaving radiance (LW) and remote sensing reflectance (RRS) spectral behaviour in the presence and absence of sunglint salient in the simultaneously available sea surface images. Spectra conditions satisfying "mean LW (700–950 nm) < 2 mW m−2 nm−1 Sr−1" or alternatively "minimum RRS (700–950 nm) < 0.010 Sr−1", mask the most measurements affected by sunglint, providing efficient flagging of sunglint in automated quality control. It is confirmed that valid optical measurements can be performed 0° ≤ Φ ≤ 360° although 90° ≤ Φ ≤ 135° is recommended.
Numerical modelling of POC yearly dynamics in the southern Baltic under variable scenarios of nutrients, light and temperature
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka L. , Kuliński K. , Maciejewska A. , Jakacki J. , Pempkowiak J.
Published: March 2011

Abstract. This paper presents various scenarios of the particulate organic carbon (POC) in the southern Baltic Sea. The study is based on a one-dimensional Particulate Organic Carbon model (1-D POC). Mathematically, the pelagic variables of 1-D POC model are described by a second-order partial differential equations of the diffusion type with biogeochemical sources and sinks. The POC concentration is determined as the sum of phytoplankton, zooplankton and dead organic matter (detritus) concentrations. The temporal changes in the phytoplankton biomass are caused by primary production, mortality, grazing by zooplankton and sinking. The zooplankton biomass is affected by ingestion, excretion, faecal production, mortality, and carnivorous grazing. The changes in the pelagic detritus concentration are determined by input of: dead phytoplankton and zooplankton, natural mortality of predators, faecal pellets, and sinks: sedimentation, zooplankton grazing and biochemical decomposition. The 1-D POC model was used to simulate temporal dynamics of POC in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdansk Deep, Bornholm Deep and Gotland Deep) under scenarios characterized by different temperature, nutrients and light. Daily, monthly, seasonal and annual variabilities of POC in the upper water layer are presented for the different scenarios. The starting-point of the numerical simulations was assumed as average values of the investigated pelagic variables for 1965–1998 period. Two- to three-fold increases of POC concentrations in late spring were revealed as well as the shift towards postponed maximum POC concentration. It is speculated that, due to POC increase, oxygenation of under-halocline water layer will decrease, while supply of food to organisms from higher trophic level should increase.
Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty in Patients with Varus Deformity of the Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle
Authors: Carlile Graeme S. , Wakeling Christopher P. , Fuller Nichola , Fern Darren , Norton Mark R.
Published: March 2011

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) in patients with a varus deformity of the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) is associated with poorer outcomes. Our experience has not reflected this. We examined the Oxford Hip Scores (OHS), Harris Hip Scores (HHS) and outcomes of patients with varus hips against a normal cohort to ascertain any significant difference.

We identified 179 patients. Measurement of the femoral neck-shaft angle was undertaken from anteroposterior radiographs pre-operatively. The mean NSA was 128.5 degrees (SD 6.3). Patients with a NSA of less than 122.2 were deemed varus and those above 134.8 valgus. These parameters were consistent with published anatomical studies.

The ‘varus’ cohort consisted of 23 patients, mean NSA 118.7 (range 113.6–121.5), mean follow-up 49 months (range 13–74). Mean OHS and HHS were 16 and 93.5 respectively. Complications included 2 cases of trochanteric non-union, but there were no femoral neck fractures, early failures or revisions. The ‘normal’ cohort consisted of 125 patients, mean NSA 128 degrees, mean follow-up 41 months (range 6–76). The OHS and HSS were 18.8 and 88.9 respectively. Complications included 5 trochanteric non-unions and 1 revision due to an acetabular fracture following a fall. Statistical analysis demonstrated no statistical difference between the cohorts' OHS (p=0.583) or HHS (p=0.139).

Our experience in patients with a varus femoral neck has been positive. We have not yet experienced any femoral neck fractures, which we believe is in part due to the use of an uncemented femoral component and preservation of blood supply.
POEMS Syndrome Presentation with an Abscess within the Plasmacytoma—A Rare Case Report
Authors: Agarwal Rishi , Abidi Muneer H. , Grandhi Bala
Published: March 2011

POEMS Syndrome is a rare cause of demyelinating and axonal mixed neuropathy. Plasmacytomas are usually seen in POEMS syndrome and can be osseous or extramedullary. Plasmacytomas presenting as an abscess has not been noted earlier. Our patient presented with localized hyperpigmented patch on the back and later developed progressive weakness in upper and lower limbs. Initially serum and urine protein electrophoresis were normal. The patient was thought to have Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and was treated accordingly without any improvement. Repeat serum protein electrophoresis showed monoclonal gammopathy. MRI of the back revealed an abscess in the paravertebral soft tissues reaching up to the skin. Needle biopsy was consistent with plasmacytoma. Later, he developed a purulent fungating lesion in the lower midback. Antibiotics were started and local resection was done followed by radiation. Pathology of the resected mass showed plasmacytoma extensively involving subcutaneous soft tissue and bone. The patient improved with the treatment. Cystic plasmacytomas and abscess within the plasmacytoma has not been reported earlier. Whether abscess formation is part of the disease spectrum due to infiltration of overlying tissue or is secondary to localized immunosuppression is unknown. Local treatment of a single plasmacytoma is useful in ameliorating systemic symptoms.
Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive Large T-Cell Lymphoma in an 80-Year-Old Man: A Case Report
Authors: Hussain Rehan , Bajoghli Amir
Published: March 2011

Primary cutaneous CD30-positive large cell lymphoma (CD30+ PCLCL) is a rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that can present in a variety of ways. We report a patient with a three-month history of an enlarging, exophytic mass with two smaller satellite lesions on the left forearm. Biopsy of the skin stained positive for CD30, and, after thorough systemic evaluation, a diagnosis of CD30+ PCLCL was made. When PCLCL is suspected, it is important to perform immunohistological studies for CD30 types and conduct a thorough workup to rule out systemic LCL. These measures will reduce the use of unnecessarily aggressive chemotherapy regimens for CD30+ PCLCL, an indolent disease with a favorable prognosis.