bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Growing Middle Class and Real Estate Development: Spatial change and social conflicts in the densification of Kileleshwa, Nairobi
Authors: Kago Jackson , Gateri Catherine , K’Akumu Owiti A
Published: July 2024

Kileleshwa, située à cinq kilomètres du centre-ville de Nairobi, a connu une transformation immobilière phénoménale sous la forme d'appartements de grande hauteur remplaçant les bungalows initialement construits dans la région. Le quartier s'est imposé comme l'un des quartiers haut de gamme de Nairobi, alors principalement occupé par de hauts fonctionnaires. Les habitations sont principalement situées sur des parcelles spacieuses avec de belles pelouses, des arbres et des fleurs ostentatoires. Kileleshwa a acquis la réputation d'une banlieue kenyane élégante et de classe moyenne supérieure, et les expatriés y trouvent une zone sûre, tranquille et sans stress. La classe moyenne croissante à Nairobi a entraîné une forte demande dans le haut de gamme du marché du logement, augmentant la pression sur les terrains disponibles pour le réaménagement et faisant monter les prix. Un plan de recherche descriptif a été utilisé dans cette étude, les principales questions de recherche étant les suivantes : qui est la classe moyenne de Kileleshwa ? Comment le groupe à revenu intermédiaire de Kileleshwa influence-t-il la transformation spatiale de la région ? Quels sont les effets de la transformation en cours à Kileleshwa ? Qui sont les perdants et les bénéficiaires de cette transformation ? Nous montrons que la transformation politique et économique du Kenya depuis l'indépendance s'est reflétée dans le paysage social et spatial de Kileleshwa. Nous montrons également que les transformations actuelles à Kileleshwa dépeignent une classe moyenne qui exige une part des meilleures commodités de la ville, créant des tensions sociales avec les riches propriétaires fonciers d'origine. Nous dévoilons également les relations de pouvoir entre les acteurs impliqués dans la transformation de Kileleshwa et les implications de ces relations de pouvoir qui se manifestent dans les tensions entre les différents acteurs.
East Asian languages in Lord’s Prayer collections, ca. 1600–1900
Authors: Osterkamp Sven
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a survey of versions of the Lord’s Prayer translated into several East Asian languages as they are attested in collections since the end of the 16th century. This is when the first relevant example appeared in print, namely a Literary Chinese version provided by a Jesuit missionary. The various versions are contextualized with a view on their creation and dissemination, often but not always involving Christian missionaries, and their textual interrelations are considered. The languages covered here are chiefly Literary Chinese (as well as other Sinitic languages later on), Japanese (and later Ryukyuan) and Korean.
Coseriu et Hjelmslev sur la théorie de la marque. Éléments pour continuer le dialogue
Authors: Cigana Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

La « linguistique intégrale » d’Eugenio Coseriu et la « glossématique » de Louis Hjelmslev représentent des clés interprétatives l’une pour l’autre. D’un côté, la critique que Coseriu fait de certains aspects centraux de la glossématique se révèle utile pour mieux comprendre les enjeux généraux de cette théorie. De l’autre côté, une meilleure appréhension des principes de la glossématique nous permet de mettre en lumière certaines interprétations de la linguistique intégrale. L’article vise à montrer cette réfraction mutuelle en discutant la manière dont les deux théories approchent le phénomène du contraste paradigmatique asymétrique, ou « marque ».
Optimizing organisational value: crafting a constructively aligned thematic framework for project governance enhancement
Authors: Gamlath G. R. M. , Nanthagopan Yogarajah , Williams Nigel L , Kengatharan Lingesiya
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to create a harmoniously blended thematic conceptual framework that incorporates project governance principles, built upon insights obtained from previous academic studies. This framework is positioned to offer significant benefits to the organisation by improving operational efficiency and aligning with strategic objectives. The authors adopted a qualitative research approach to analyse the key literature on the paper’s theme. They carefully reviewed the theoretical underpinnings and categorised the contents to construct a step-by-step thematic conceptual framework aligned with the research’s objectives. The study identifies four key elements in the suggested framework for project governance. These include maintaining the unity of functional diversity among key processes, creating value and practicing originality, maintaining a sequential governance application path through onion-shaped structure, and ensuring the availability of required project governance framework quality. The framework ensures projects achieve objectives, deliver value for money, and contribute to sustainable development through oversight, control, integration, benefits realization, stakeholder engagement, project culture, and leadership. Effective project governance requires clear goal delineation, well-structured plans, robust risk management protocols, and collaboration among stakeholders. Regular monitoring and assessment of project performance is crucial for achieving project objectives and contributing to sustainable development goals. Governance differs from management in its focus on strategic decision-making, driving investments in capabilities, and ensuring optimal resource allocation. In public sector development projects, incorporating effective project governance practices is crucial for delivering optimal value for invested resources, achieving predefined objectives, and achieving desired outcomes cost-efficiently and impact fully. This separation underscores the importance of governance in imbuing projects with sustainable value and fostering prudent decisions. The paper presents a thematic conceptual framework for project-centric entities, derived from extensive literature analysis. This framework offers a structured blueprint aligned with project objectives, fostering the twin goals of optimizing value for invested resources and nurturing project sustainability. By embracing this framework, organisations can enhance their capacity to deliver outcomes that meet benchmarks and maximise resource utilization, enhancing the overall value proposition of initiatives. The convergence of project implementers and governance entities is crucial for driving exceptional quality outputs and adhering to robust governance principles, ensuring project success and sustained effectiveness.
Excelsior 1910-1985: 'n Gedenkalbum
Authors: Eloff C.C.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Anglo-Boer War diary of Herbert Gwynne Howell
Authors: Spies S.B.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Mfengu beach labour and Port Elizabeth harbour development
Authors: Inggs E.J.
Published: July 2024

The loading and unloading of ships at Port Elizabeth remained virtually unchanged between 1820 and 1870. Everything was loaded into surfboats which had to negotiate Algoa Bay's notorious breakers. The surfboats were propelled between the roadstead and the shore by means of a system of warps or ropes. The cargoes were manhandled into or out of the beached boats by labourers who, depending on the tide, had to wade through the shallows. This labour was monopolised by members of the Mfengu tribe from after the Sixth Frontier War (1834 - 1835) up until the cattle killing episode of 1857. Because no other method was used until the construction of a system of jetties between 1869 and 1902, the Mfengu beach labourers had considerable powers for negotiating better wage rates. They were subsequently responsible for South Africa's first recorded strike on 9 November 1846 when they struck for higher wages.
Contree - die eerste tien jaar
Authors: Wessels André
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Transvaal philantely
Authors: Saul Daphne
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Ontdekking en bewaring van die Willowmore-versameling van dokumente - 'n gevallestudie
Authors: Loock J.C.
Published: July 2024

When a building in the main street of Willowmore was extensively renovated in 1984 a large quantity of documents was acquired by conservation minded individuals. It consists of thousands of letters despatched and received, price lists, market reports, cheques, receipts, waybills, and the books of general dealers. The latter include lists of orders, purchases and of customers as well as what they bought, ostrich feather, wool and mohair registers and some personal documents. All those reflect the socio-economic development of Willowmore and environs between 1863 and 1908.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Protected Catheter Ablation in A Post-Cardiotomy Patient With Electrical Storm
Authors: Norawat Rahul , Maybauer Marc O. , O’Keeffe Niall , Vohra Akbar
Published: July 2024

An electrical storm (ES) refers to multiple occurrences of ventricular arrhythmias within a short time. Catheter ablation is a treatment option for ES but can be challenging in unstable cardiovascular patients. We present the case of a 50-year-old patient with poor left ventricular function who experienced ES after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Despite maximal antiarrhythmic therapy, the patient had recurrent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF), hindering catheter ablation. Elective venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was established, allowing a successful second catheter ablation attempt without complications. The patient was weaned off ECMO the following day and remained in normal sinus rhythm.
Rare Presentation of Adult-onset Still’s Disease in a Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Ahmedfiqios Osman A. , Alahmadi Sahar S. , Aljohani Asia A. , Jan Raghad A. , Albalawi Raghad M. , Demyati Montaha W.
Published: July 2024

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is an uncommon autoinflammatory condition with symptoms of fever, rash, arthralgia/arthritis, and multi-organ involvement. Here, we report the case of a young teenage girl, with known rheumatic heart disease on monthly penicillin. She presented with a high-grade fever and a maculopapular rash, with swelling of the preorbital region and extremities for the preceding 4 weeks. She was referred from another hospital with a fever of unknown origin. After an extensive work-up, we diagnosed the patient with AOSD, supported by the Yamaguchi criteria, based on the presenting clinical features, elevated serum ferritin levels, and negative serologic studies, and after ruling out other possible diagnoses, including medication-induced diseases, infectious causes, rheumatic conditions, and malignant causes. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, and the clinical and laboratory results showed dramatic improvement.
Efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin in papilla reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afshari Zohreh , Khazaei Yeganeh , Ahmadishadmehri Mahsa
Published: July 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) for papilla reconstruction in the treatment of black triangles. A comprehensive electronic search across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus was conducted to identify the relevant randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series. Quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed using R Statistical Software, focusing on the parameters such as papilla height, gingival index, plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and pocket probing depth. Registration number: CRD42022322934. From 191 initial studies, 7 were eligible for full-text review, with 4 RCTs and one retrospective study included in the meta-analysis. The analysis favored CTG over PRF in terms of black triangle height at 3–6 months postsurgery and in PI improvement at 3 months. No significant differences were found in CAL and probing pocket depth. While PRF can yield satisfactory results in papilla augmentation, CTG demonstrates superior clinical outcomes in specific parameters. Further research with more extensive clinical data is warranted.
Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis based on Morbidity and Healthcare-seeking Practices of Patients in a Gram Panchayat of Paschim Burdwan District, West Bengal
Authors: Saha Indranil , Das Russoti , Mandal Ajay K. , Darlami Pinki , Datta Subhajit , Ghose Gautam , Dey Sanjit
Published: July 2024

Lymphatic filariasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases still present in many areas. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019–2020 in the Gourbazar gram panchayat area of Paschim Burdwan District, West Bengal, to find out the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis based on morbidity and its distribution in terms of selected sociodemographic variables and to assess the healthcare-seeking practices of the affected people. The entire area was covered by the National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control flashcards. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20.0). Overall, the prevalence of LF was found to be 0.97%. About 49.6% of filariasis patients were male. Among the males, the majority suffered from hydrocele, followed by lymphoedema of the legs. Overall, about 2/3rd of the patients (66.1%) consulted with doctors regarding their health problems. Overall, 90.8% consulted from the private healthcare sector and the majority relied on traditional healers. It is now essential to line list the cases and to provide appropriate management from the designated service area so as to promote health and well-being.
Construct Validation and Reliability Assessment of Tamil Translated Hill-Bone–Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale Among Hypertensive Patients in Rural Puducherry, South India
Authors: Ramasubramani Premkumar , Rajaa Sathish , Raj Ruben , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Sarkar Sonali
Published: July 2024

Background:

Pharmacological drugs and medications are being widely used for the control of non-communicable diseases like hypertension. Hill-Bone–Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (HB-HBP) is a newly developed specific questionnaire for assessing the anti-hypertensive medication adherence. Hence, this study was done to translate the HB-HBP in Tamil and to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Tamil version.

Materials and Methods:

Translation of HB-HBP to native language, Tamil was done by experts and piloted with subsample of hypertensive patients from rural Puducherry. Final Tamil-translated HB-HBP was administered among 328 Tamil-speaking hypertensive patients in the selected villages of rural Puducherry (union territory in South India). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through the principal component method. Based on the minimum average partial and parallel analysis, three-factor model was distinguished. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results:

Three factor structures were obtained with eigenvalues of 6.5045, 2.8165, and 1.2261, respectively, which accounted for 75.34% of variance. Three-factor model assessed by the confirmatory factor method found Chi-square value of 1055.048 (P value <0.001). Goodness of fit revealed acceptable comparative fit index (0.773), Tucker–Lewis index (0721), standardized root mean square residual (0.077), and root mean square error of approximation (0.201). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) for the scale was 0.9020.

Conclusion:

Our study concludes that the HB-HBP questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with a good reliability coefficient for application in Tamil-speaking patients with hypertension.
Sexual dysfunction and marital adjustment in married men with alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Solanki Anurag , Gupta Manushree , Singh Swarndeep , Verma Pankaj
Published: July 2024

Background:

Only a few studies have systematically assessed sexual dysfunction and marital adjustment in married men with alcohol dependence in India.

Aim:

To assess the prevalence and pattern of sexual dysfunction and marital adjustment in a clinical sample of married men with alcohol dependence. The association of sexual dysfunction and marital adjustment with the severity of alcohol dependence was also explored.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 100 consecutive married men attending psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). A pre-designed study proformawas used for collecting relevant socio-demographic and clinical details of the study participants. Sexual dysfunction, marital adjustment, and alcohol dependence were assessed using the following validated tools: the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (MAQ), and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), respectively.

Results:

Of 100 patients, about 15% had clinical sexual dysfunction based on ASEX. The most commonly reported sexual dysfunction was difficulty with erection (24.0%), followed by problems in desire (18.0%), sexual arousal (12.0%), ability to reach orgasm (12.0%), and satisfaction with orgasm (9.0%). Sexual dysfunction (ASEX score) showed significant positive correlation (rs = 0.345; P < 0.001) with alcohol dependence severity (SADQ score). Also, the severity of alcohol dependence was negatively correlated (rs = -0.240; P = 0.016) with the overall level of marital adjustment (MAQ score) with spouse.

Conclusion:

Sexual dysfunction is common in married men with ADS, with both sexual dysfunction intensity and marital adjustment difficulties being positively associated with the severity of alcohol dependence.
Geopolitical determinants of mental health and global health inequities
Authors: Valsraj Koravangattu , Moura Helena Ferreira , Anantapong Kanthee , Ventriglio Antonio , Persaud Albert , Tribe Rachel , Pemberton Max , Poulter Dan , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: July 2024

Geopolitical determinants of health have been well recognized by the World Health Organization and are increasingly being discussed across governments, institutions, academics, policy makers, and across global health sector. Geopolitical determinants of health are events, structures, processes, and factors that influence individual health including mental health, public and population mental health both directly and indirectly. Consequently, nation’s responses to these factors will affect short-term and long-term health outcomes. Geopolitical factors are becoming increasingly more important as they influence directly and indirectly social determinants of health. These factors clearly impact both physical and mental health leading to health inequities and inequalities. It is important to factor in geopolitical determinants in resource allocation and funding as well as policy making as has been highlighted by the recent pandemic and variable access to vaccines. Geopolitical determinants would be integral when addressing all global health inequities. These play a major role in resource allocation, policy and planning to meet today’s global health challenges.
Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian Context Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-ADOLOPMENT Methodology
Authors: Alhasan Khalid A. , Yepes-Nuñez Juan José , Askandarani Sumayah , Amer Yasser S. , Al-Jelaify Muneera , Almatham Khalid I. , Al-Ghonaim Mohammed , Al Dalbhi Sultan , Kari Jameela A. , Mitwalli Ahmed , Memish Ziad A. , Valson Joanna Sara , Alvira Ximena , Bilimoria Khushnam , Chawla Ruchi , Feit Sheila , Bickett Skye , Brunnhuber Klara
Published: July 2024

This practice guideline was developed by the chronic kidney disease (CKD) Task Force, which was composed of clinical and methodological experts. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health and its health holding company commissioned this guideline project to support the realization of Vision 2030's health-care transformation pillar. The synthesis of these guidelines was guided by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)- ADOLOPMENT methodology. The final guidelines addressed 12 clinical questions on the management of blood pressure in patients with CKD through a set of recommen-dations and performance measures. The recom-mendations included antihypertensive agents in children; renin- angiotensin system inhibition (RASi) versus non-RASi in adults; intensive versus standard blood pressure targets; early versus late assessment for kidney replacement therapy (KRT); late versus early preparation strategies for KRT; CKD symptoms during assessment for KRT or conservative manage-ment; initiation of KRT in patients with deteriorating CKD; choice of KRT modality or conservative management in certain CKD patient groups; changing or discontinuing KRT modalities; the frequency of reviews for KRT or conservative management; and information, education, and support. These conditional recommendations were based on a low to very low certainty of evidence, which highlights the need for high-quality randomized trials com-paring different antihypertensive agents in patients with CKD.
Mixing and matching Lucidis extended depth of focus intraocular lenses with other eyes being phakic or having monofocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Mazhry Zia Ul , Hassan Faiza , Mazhry Abdullah , Asif Laiba , Saeed Muhammad
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mixing and matching of Lucidis extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted in one eye with another eye being phakic or having monofocal IOLs, in terms of improving visual outcomes, addressing presbyopia, and any associated discomfort.

METHODS:

This comparative cross-sectional study examines the compatibility of EDOF in one eye with the other being phakic or having monofocal lenses in cataract surgery. It included 50 patients with age-related cataracts, excluding those with other ocular issues. Surgeries followed standard techniques, patients underwent postoperative assessments over 6 months. Primary outcomes included visual acuity (VA) at distance and near and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS:

Among 50 patients (52% male, 48% female, age 62.8 ± 10.98 years.), 18 patients received bilateral Lucidis implants, 18 had monofocal implants in one eye, and 14 retained natural lenses with varying opacities. Statistically significant differences were observed for distance uncorrected VA (UCVA) between Group 1 (LB) and Group 2 (LM) (P = 0.013), whereas no significant differences were found among Group 1 (LB), Group 3 (LP), and Group 2 (LM), Group 3 (LP) on the basis of far and near best-corrected VA and UCVA (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in survey outcomes among all three groups, indicating the absence of significant dysphotopsia in any of the groups.

CONCLUSION:

The study highlights the versatility and effectiveness of mixing and matching Lucidis IOLs in one eye with the other eye being phakic or having monofocal lenses. Binocular Lucidis IOL appears ideal but may be combined with monofocal pseudophakic or phakic status of the eye without any undue fear.
The relationship between surgical loupes usage, workplace ergonomics, and musculoskeletal disorders among Saudi ophthalmologists
Authors: Aloqab Aysha , Alturkistany Walaa , Ali Hala M Nassim
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of surgical loupes among ophthalmologists and determine the relationship between this tool and musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders.

METHODS:

Between December 2020 and January 2021, ophthalmologists (trainees and consultants) working in Saudi Arabia received an anonymous, Internet-based survey through Google Forms.

RESULTS:

The total number of surveys completed was 93, and 82% reported pain with operating during the past 12 months; 87% reported neck pain, 81% reported shoulder pain, and 73% reported lower back pain. Sixty-eight percent chose to rest without seeking professional care. Forty-seven percent of participants exercise regularly. Sixty-nine percent attributed the pain to “bending or twisting your neck.” Fifty-five percent of surgeons owned loupes, and only a third used loupes regularly. Forty percent indicated a limited field of vision as the main limitation. The Chi-squared test showed that MSK pain is a risk among all ophthalmic surgeons (P = 0.348). It was more prevalent among surgeons with longer experience. Increased surgical volume and prolonged operating time were associated with higher rates of pain. In addition, more frequent loupe use was associated with an increased prevalence of pain. The study found no statistically significant association. Finally, the activity level was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of pain (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSION:

The majority of participants in this study experienced occupational MSK pain. Most participants owned loupes, and only a third used them regularly. Young ophthalmologists should be encouraged to apply ergonomic principles to safeguard against future MSK injuries.
Proximal Gastrectomy Is Associated with Lower Incidence of Anemia and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Compared to Total Gastrectomy in Patients with Upper Gastric Cancer
Authors: Song Jeong Ho , Park Sung Hyun , Cho Minah , Kim Yoo Min , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Hyoung-Il
Published: July 2024

Purpose Proximal gastrectomy is an alternative to total gastrectomy (TG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) treatment in the upper stomach. However, its benefits in terms of perioperative and long-term outcomes remain controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative, body compositional, nutritional, and survival outcomes of patients undergoing proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (PG-DTR) and TG for pathological stage I gastric cancer in upper stomach.Materials and Methods The study included 506 patients who underwent gastrectomy for pathological stage I gastric cancer in the upper stomach between 2015 and 2019. Clinicopathological, perioperative, body compositional, nutritional, and survival outcomes were compared between the PG-DTR and TG groups.Results The PG-DTR and TG groups included 197 (38.9%) and 309 (61.1%) patients, respectively. The PG-DTR group had a lower rate of early complications (p=0.041), lower diagnosis rate of anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency (all p < 0.001), and lower replacement rate of iron and vitamin B12 compared to TG group (all p < 0.001). The PG-DTR group showed reduced incidence of sarcopenia at 6-months postoperatively, preserved higher amount of visceral fat after surgery (p=0.032 and p=0.040, respectively), and showed a higher hemoglobin level (p=0.007). Oncologic outcomes were comparable between the groups.Conclusion The PG-DTR for EGC located in the upper stomach offered advantages of fewer complications, lower incidence of anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency, less decrease in visceral fat volume, and similar survival compared to TG. Consequently, PG-DTR may be considered a superior alternative treatment option to TG.
Transitioning from paper-based to web-based testing in an ESP course at HEI
Authors: Jović Jovana , Stojanov Marija
Published: July 2024

The LSP courses taken by a large number of students often impose a heavy workload on teachers when it comes to the testing phase, particularly if paper-based testing is still in use. Such testing is not only time-consuming and inefficient owing to the lengthy test development, grading, and reviewing processes, but also stressful for teachers due to the possible grading mistakes, miscalculation of points, illegible students’ handwriting, etc. Using as an example an ESP undergraduate course at a business-oriented university, the purpose of this paper is to describe how testing in large LSP courses can be facilitated and made more efficient by shifting to web-based testing via Moodle. This descriptive study aims to outline the process of transition in terms of fulfilling the technical requirements, analysing the paper-based test to determine how best to adapt the test items and the grading system for computer delivery, which was followed by choosing question types and creating a question bank on Moodle. Although these transitioning phases are laborious and require some teacher training on how to use Moodle to create tests, once completed they significantly reduce subsequent teachers’ workload. The time needed to devise test items in every exam term is reduced to just a few clicks, teachers do not partake in grading since it is done completely by the computer, the reviewing lasts for a few minutes and the problems teachers previously faced with paper-based testing (grading mistakes, miscalculations, illegible handwriting) are avoided. Therefore, it transpires that the web-based testing via Moodle has eventually made the testing process more practical and efficient from a teacher’s perspective, but also emphasized the importance of choosing the question types appropriately to achieve test authenticity.
Tailor-made ESP teaching materials for HEIs – two case studies
Authors: Meršnik Marija , Đorđević Danijela , Anđelković Jelena
Published: July 2024

Commercially available teaching materials for Languages for Specific Purposes typically aim to cater to the needs of a wide range of students, even within a specific professional area. Therefore, when dealing with a more specialized purpose, as is the case with two Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under review in this paper, additional time, resources, and effort are required to produce more tailored materials that suit the needs of specific target groups. This paper presents two case studies of ESP teaching materials design resulting in the creation of two tailor-made coursebooks used in two Serbian HEIs specializing in agriculture and food technology, and management, respectively. The paper outlines the materials writing process and compares the final products (i.e. the two ESP coursebooks) by encompassing various aspects, including course rationale and syllabi (such as learning outcomes, aims and objectives, students’ entry levels, syllabi framework types, etc.), approaches to needs analysis, content choice and sequencing, copyright and other issues, theoretical and methodological frameworks, the timeline and the steps in the process. Despite the differences in target groups, teaching content, learning outcome, established frameworks, etc., the two writing processes and their final products underwent similar steps and identified comparable limitations and areas of improvement. Both processes also share a key takeaway: tailor-made ESP coursebook writing process, though arduous and time-consuming, is an effort worth taking.
Particularités des corps étrangers laryngo-tracheo-bronchiques chez l’enfant : une série descriptive des cas du Centre Hospitalier de Soavinandriana, Madagascar
Authors: Ratovonjanahary Fitia Rotsirotsy Elsa , Andrinirina Zo Zafitsara , Rakotondravelo Soloharimino Mireille , Rabetokotany Yves Tokiniaina , Rakoto Fanomezantsoa Andriamparany
Published: July 2024

Contexte et objectifs: L’inhalation de corps étranger est une urgence respiratoire mettant en jeu le pronostic vital en l’absence d’une  prise en charge adéquate. Les objectifs étaient de décrire les différents objets en cause, le profil clinico-thérapeutique ainsi que de  discuter les recommandations de prévention.
Méthodes: Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective descriptive réalisée pendant 2 ans incluant les enfants de moins de 15 ans ayant inhalé  un corps étranger.
Résultats: Quinze dossiers étaient répertoriés. Leur âge moyen était de 5 ans. Le sexe ratio était de 4. Le délai moyen entre l’admission et  l’inhalation était de 3 jours. Le corps étranger était des sifflets plastiques chez 8 enfants, des ballons pour 2, d’origine végétale et métallique pour 5. Leur localisation était dans la bronche souche droite dans 47 %. La toux était présente chez tous les patients.  L’extraction était réalisée par voie endoscopique. Un décès était déploré.
Conclusion: L’inhalation de corps étranger est un accident grave. Le sifflet plastique était particulièrement fréquent à Madagascar. Le meilleur traitement reste la prévention
 
English title:   Particularities of laryngo-tracheo-bronchic foreign bodies in children: serial cases from the Soavinandriana Hospital Center, Madagascar
Context and objectives: Foreign body inhalation is a life-threatening respiratory emergency in the absence of adequate management.  The objectives were to describe the different objects involved, the clinico-therapeutic profile as well as to discuss the recommendations  for prevention.
Methods: This was a 2-year retrospective descriptive study that included children under 15 years of age who had inhaled a  foreign body.
Results: Fifteen files were identified. The average age of included children was 5 years with a M/F sex-ratio of 4. The  mean time from inhalation to admission was 3 days. The foreign body was plastic whistles for 8 children, balloons for 2, of vegetable and  metal origin for 5. Their location was in the right stem bronchus in 47%. Cough was present in all patients. The extraction was performed endoscopically. One death was reported.
Conclusion: Inhalation of foreign bodies is a serious accident. The plastic whistle was particularly common in Madagascar. The best treatment is prevention
Etude comparée de la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau, de la croissance et de la survie de Oreochromis niloticus en système aquaponique et en circuit fermé classique
Authors: Zango Paul , Multen Melvin , Onana Mamert Fils , Onya Epouba Jacqueline , Mfeg Mfeg Nicolas Irénée , Eyango Tomedi Minette , Tchoumboue Joseph
Published: July 2024

The aim of this trial was to compare the physicochemical characteristics of water, the survival rate and growth of Oreochromis niloticus under aquaponic and closed classical circuit. To achieve this aim, from March to April 2020, 230 adults of Oreochromis niloticus, with initial mean weight of 53.2 ± 1.03 g were randomly distributed in equal number into two concrete tanks corresponding to an Aquaponic System and Classical Closed system. The physicochemical characteristics were recorded every five days, and data for growth characteristics were collected after 15 days. After 45 days of rearing, the high of Capsicum chinense were measured and age of flowering plants noted. the mains results were as follows: Dissolved Oxygen values (9.0 ± 1.7 mg / l), ammoniac nitrogen (0.3 ± 0.05 mg / l) and nitrates (3.31 ± 0.7 mg / l) were higher in a closed classical circuit as compared to the aquaponic system, the final mean weight (118.3 ± 25.4 g), the mean weight gain (65.1 ± 28.3 g), the condition factor K (K = 3.8 ± 1.6) and survival rate (100% ) were higher in aquaponic system. The survival rate (91.0 ± 0.2 %) and the final high of Capsicum chinense (52.03 ± 0.5 cm) were higher and the flowering age  (30,0 ± 2,0 j) was very short in aquaponic system. The aquaponic system offers a better environment for life and growth to Oreochromis niloticus and Capsicum chinense as compared to the classical closed circuit.
Perceptions paysannes et stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques des arboriculteurs de la Région des hautes terres de l’Ouest Cameroun
Authors: Chimi Tchouankap Danielle Morelle , Tientcheu Avana Marie Louise Apollinaire , Ewoukem Efole Thomas
Published: July 2024

The dependence of agriculture in tropical countries in general and in Cameroon in particular on rain-fed agriculture makes them more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and variability. In order to align their agricultural practices with frequent variations in climatic conditions, farmers according to agro-ecological zones have developed a set of climatic indicators allowing them to assess climatic disturbances and develop consequent adaptation strategies. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of climatic parameters from 1990 to 2020 in the Western Highlands region of Cameroon, to document the links between farmers' perceptions and the observed variations as well as adaptation strategies adopted. The climate data were collected at the meteorological station at Bamougoum airport and at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development at Dschang. Ethnobotanical and sociological surveys were carried out among 414 arborists distributed in the divisions of Menoua, Haut-Nkam, Bamboutos and Noun. The resulting results show that climate parameters have varied over the past three decades with highest temperatures recorded during the years 2010 to 2013 (22.36°C and 22.5°C) and the years 2011, 2014 and 2018 were the ones that experienced major rainfall (164.61mm, 181.46mm, 191.16mm respectively). Regarding perception, 61.65% of arborists observed a drop in rainfall quantities and 73.79% of respondents observed an increase in temperature. These variations have a negative impact on the production and yields of rain-fed crops. As a result, arborists have opted for several adaptation strategies including the cultivation of fruit trees such as Persea americana, Dacryodes edulis, Mangifera indica, Citrus recticulata. It would be wise for decision-makers to better develop fruit growing as an adaptation strategy for rural populations in order to make them less vulnerable and effectively combat the effects of climate change.
Cytogenotoxic and antihyperplastic effects of the aqueous extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and Citrus medica (Rutaceae)
Authors: Saah Namekong Harding , Ngnaniyyi Abdoul , Mvondo Marie Alfrede , Wego Kamgaing Marius Tresor , Ateufack Gilbert
Published: July 2024

Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus medica are commonly consumed in combination as an herbal tea to prevent or treat various conditions including cancers. This study evaluated the cytogenotoxic and antihyperplastic effects of aqueous extracts of C. citratus (AECC) and C. medica (AECM). Both extracts were chemically screened for the quantification of phytochemicals with genotoxic properties, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated in vitro. The cytogenotoxicity was evaluated on Allium cepa exposed to increasing concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) of AECC and AECM and to mixtures of the two extracts [Mix 1 (AECC 0.25 + AECM 0.25), Mix 2 (AECC 0.5 + AECM 0.5) and Mix 3 (AECC 1 + AECM 1)] for 96 h. They were then examined macroscopically and microscopically for evaluation of mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations. The antihyperplastic effects of the two extracts were evaluated on the endometrium of ovariectomized rats. Endometrial hyperplasia was induced with tamoxifen (10 mg/kg; ip). Plant extracts were administrated orally for 37 days at the doses of 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg BW for AECC; 34, 170 and 850 mg/kg BW for AECM. The co-administration of the two extracts was carried out according to the following scheme: Mix 1: AECC 8 + AECM 34; Mix 2: AECC 40 + AECM 170; and Mix 3: AECC 200 + AECM 850. Animals were then sacrificed for biological analyses. Results showed that the contents of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins were lower in AECM than in AECC. AECC was also found to have greater antioxidant capacity than AECM. Both extracts induced chromosomal aberrations and reduced mitotic index (p < 0.001) in meristematic cells of A. cepa. These extracts also inhibited the hyperplastic effect of tamoxifen by reducing the uterine epithelium to a single cell layer (p < 0.001). This effect was associated with decreased serum estradiol levels, uterine oxidative stress and increased cytotoxicity. In conclusion, C. citratus and C. medica are endowed with genotoxic, mitodepressant, and antihyperplastic properties, justifying at least in part their use against cancers. The joint use of the two medicinal plants has proven to be more effective than their separate use.
Gestion des risques de maladies des poissons d’élevage dans le Département de la Mvila, Sud-Cameroun
Authors: Fonkwa Georges , Kpoumie Nsangou Amidou , Makombu Judith Georgette , Ebo'o Adrien Benjamin Frédéric , Kametieu Djamou Franck Junior , Tomedi Eyango Minette , Tchoumboue
Published: July 2024

The aim of the present study is to contribute to the improvement of fish production through better practice of disease prevention measures. A biosecurity audit was carried out from March to May 2023 on 40 farms in the Mvila Division (2°48' 272" - 2°48' 993" N; 10°55' 066" - 10°56' 078" E), Southern Region of  Cameroon. Semi-structured interviews and direct observation were used to collect data on socio-economic, zootechnical characteristics and biosecurity practice. The main results showed that, overall, the compliance rate (34.58%) and adoption rate (34.48%) of biosecurity measures were intermediate. Training received in fish farming and constraints associated with biosecurity practices, the production system, the production phase, culture facilities and disease diagnosis significantly affected the compliance rate. In addition, compliance with biosecurity measures significantly reduced fish mortality rates. A strong, positive and significant regression was established between the training received in fish farming and the biosecurity compliance rate, while constraints related to biosecurity practices were strongly, negatively and significantly associated with the compliance rate. The government must focus on training and capacity building of fish farmers in biosecurity.
Anthropology and the rise of artificial intelligence
Authors: Rebai Ahmed
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera [Lam.]
Authors: Saleh A , Suleiman MM , Fatihu MY
Published: July 2024

Moringa oleifera is called a miracle plant due to its diverse uses and several medicinal benefits all over the world. There are several bioactive secondary metabolites yet to be discovered. This study was conducted to actuate the biochemical content of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera (ELEMO) using Agilent Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantitative phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extracts of the leaf revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS results of the extract were relevant to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. GC-MS analysis of ELEMO showed the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (33.42), Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-methyl ester (36.23), Ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate (33.12 and 4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-1-cyclohexyl-5-tosylamino-1 H-1,2,3-triazole (31.24). Results from this study may potentiate the discovery of more valuable bioactive components of industrial and pharmaceutical importance.
Growth performance of three Nigerian breeds of sheep fed different types of hay
Authors: Madziga II , Lakpini CAM , Osuhor CU , Otaru SM
Published: July 2024

It was hypothesised that hay type will affect feed intake and growth with significant interactions between breeds of sheep. Ten rams aged between 18 and 24 months and weighing 24.70, 25.50 and 24.75 each of Balami, Uda and Yankasa indigenous breeds of sheep in a complete randomised design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement were used. The rams were fed Brachiaria decumbens or Digitaria smutsii hay supplemented with concentrate at 1 % of their body weight.  The trial lasted 90 days after 14 days adjustment period to the diets. Individual animal basal and supplementary concentrate feed intakes were recorded daily and liveweights were measured fortnightly. Data were analysed using SAS. Results of breed effect showed that Balami and Uda had significantly (P<0.05) higher values for most of the parameters measured while the effect of hay showed that rams fed Digitaria smutsii hay had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake and weight gain than their counterparts fed Brachiaria decumbens hay. The interaction effect also revealed that Balami had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain and feed conversion ratio while Yankasa had the lowest (P>0.05). It is therefore concluded from this study that feeding D. smutsii hay to rams gave better results than feeding B. decumbens hay. Hence, it is recommended that feeding D. smutsii hay can be effectively used in a feedlot production system for growing rams during a 90-day feedlot period. Furthermore, the detected interaction effect of hay type level with breed permits working choices of improving the ability to grow rams.
Seroprevalence of equine influenza in three southwestern states of Nigeria
Authors: Alaba BA , Likita IY , Azeez OI , Mayaki AM , Abiola JO , Olaogun SC , Omoniwa DO , Oyagbemi TO , Koleosho SA , Oyagbemi AA , Omobowale TO
Published: July 2024

Equine influenza (EI) virus is one of the most economically significant pathogens causing respiratory disorders in equids. The recent outbreaks of EI in equids in North Western Nigeria showed EI virus is circulating in the Northern part of the country. This study determined the seroprevalence of EI infection in horses from the Southwestern states of Nigeria. One hundred sera samples from horses kept in three South Western states: Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo were screened for antibodies against influenza A nucleoprotein antigen using the direct ELISA method. Positive sera samples were thereafter examined thereafter further examined for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to the H3 subtype of the influenza A virus. Antibodies were detected in 60 of the horses (22 Lagos, 8 Ogun and 30 Oyo). Although significantly higher seropositivity was observed in the male horses, seroprevalence of EI was also higher among 11- 15 years, exotic breeds and patrol horses. High seropositivity of horses in the South Western states of Nigeria to EIV infection is an indication that adequate monitoring of horse movement and continuous surveillance of the virus and vaccination should be strongly recommended.
Performance Evaluation of the Physical and Combustion Properties of Faecal Sludge Derived Briquettes Using Different Binding Materials
Authors: Haruna Alphonce J. , Kimwaga Richard , Richard Edwin N.
Published: July 2024

This research aimed at evaluating the performance of faecal sludge briquettes on the quality of briquettes produced in terms physical and combustion properties. Specifically, the research determined the physical and combustion properties of briquette produced from faecal sludge bond with cassava peel, sunflower cake, banana peel and waste paper binders. Physical and combustion properties of the binder materials and briquettes produced were analysed in the Water Resource Engineering laboratory. The laboratory analysis of the combustion properties showed that the Sunflower cake binder had highest calorific value of 16.24 MJ/Kg when compared to other binders including banana peels, cassava peels and waste papers. Similarly, sunflower cake bond briquettes were found to have highest calorific value of 10.81 MJ/Kg than other binders bound briquettes. The drying rates were higher for waste paper, a bond briquette which was observed to be within 6 days from the day of briquette production. The density of faecal sludge briquette was higher in banana peels bond briquettes having the density of 0.99±0.062 g/cm3. The use of binders has significantly improved the physical and combustion properties and thus the performance of the faecal sludge derived briquettes. It is recommended to use faecal sludge bond with sunflower cake binder.