bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized beagle model for maxillary sinus floor augmentation via a mini-lateral window with simultaneous implant placement
Authors: Zhu Liqin , Yang Jiakang , Gong Jiaxing , Zhang Chenqiu , Wang Huiming
Published: September 2018

Objective

This study was performed to establish an optimized beagle model for maxillary sinus floor augmentation via a mini-lateral window with simultaneous implant placement.

Methods

Twelve beagles underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation via a mini-lateral window with simultaneous implant placement through sites selected by analyzing preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. During the experiment, no maxillary teeth were extracted and the infraorbital nerve was not severed. The osteotomy was only 5 mm in diameter. The implant stability quotient was measured, and postoperative CBCT was used to detect the condition of the sinus membrane and bone augmentation.

Results

The site corresponding to the tip of the highest dental cusp of the maxillary fourth premolar was suitable for the procedure, and the implant site was on the palatal bone plate. All implants achieved good primary stability. Postoperative CBCT showed no sinus membrane perforation, and the implants penetrated into the sinus cavity surrounded by bone substitute.

Conclusion

The herein-described optimized model with mini-lateral osteotomy and without extraction or severing of the infraorbital nerve was minimally invasive, retained more lateral bone of the sinus, and achieved good sinus floor-lifting results. This model is highly reproducible and merits wider application.
Algorithm to Compute Urban Road Network Resilience
Authors: Bhavathrathan Bhattiyil Kuzhiyamkunnath , Patil Gopal R.
Published: September 2018

Road network resilience is emerging as a vital planning criterion. Yet, unique and cross-comparable indices for road network resilience are scarce. One of the recent approaches determines resilience as a unique network attribute based on the system travel time at an upper envelope of operable disruptions. This upper envelope represents ‘critical states’ (or tipping points) of capacity disruptions. Critical state gives a bounding capacity degradation vector, beyond which the network cannot wholly cater to the origin–destination demand even under the best possible traffic assignment. However, solving the critical state identification problem (CSP) on real-scale networks has remained a challenge. This paper presents a weighted fictitious play algorithm to fill this gap. CSP has been previously envisaged as a two-player game between a network attacker and a network defender. Here, we make the players play iteratively, and make them learn from the competitor’s past strategies so that they converge to an equilibrium. We illustrate the method on a simple toy network, and solve it on different real-life networks. Resilience of the Anaheim city network was computed in 42.8 min., considerably outperforming—both in problem-size and solution-time—the previous, two-space genetic algorithm.
Evaluation of the Roundabout Capacity Model in HCM6 Edition and HCM 2010 on a Multilane Roundabout
Authors: Chen Rongsheng , Hourdos John
Published: September 2018

This study evaluated the performance of the new Highway Capacity Manual 6th Edition (HCM6) roundabout capacity model at a multilane roundabout in Richfield, Minnesota. Traffic flow rates and gap acceptance data were collected during 20 hours of afternoon peak period traffic over four days. The observed critical headways for the left and right lanes was equal to 4.43 and 3.99 s while the observed follow-up headways were 3.05 and 2.96 s, respectively. Roundabout capacity curves for both lanes were built through the collected flow information, as well as through the observed headways and the HCM formula. As compared with the field observed results, the default model in HCM6 overestimated the capacity of the study roundabout. The default model in HCM 2010 closely estimated the capacity for the right lane, but overestimated the capacity of the left lane when the circulating flow rate was high. The HCM6 model was calibrated with the observed critical and follow-up headways, as well as by calibrating the intercept of the model using only the follow-up headway. The fully calibrated model overestimated the capacity of the right lane by 7–10% as the circulating flow decreases and overestimated the capacity of the left lane by 7% and 31%. The partially calibrated model overestimated the capacity of the left lane by 6% and overestimated the capacity of the right lane by at most 10% under low circulating flow rate, but it underestimated the capacity by at most 21% under high circulating flow rate.
Comparison of Different Micromechanical Models for Predicting the Effective Properties of Open Graded Mixes
Authors: Zhang Hong , Anupam Kumar , Scarpas Athanasios , Kasbergen Cor
Published: September 2018

ZOAB (Zeer Open Asphalt Beton) is the most widely used asphalt mixture in the Netherlands. As a type of open asphalt mixture, it is known to suffer from raveling distress. In order to analyze the propensity of raveling, micromechanical models are considered effective. However, most of the research work about micromechanical models has focused on dense asphalt mixture and the application of these models on ZOAB mixes has not been paid adequate attention. Therefore, in this research study, the performance of various micromechanical models for predicting mechanical properties of ZOAB was evaluated. The predicted results were compared with the measured values from a dynamic uniaxial compression test. The analysis results showed that none of the applied micromechanical models could obtain acceptable predicted results of the dynamic Young’s modulus and phase angle of ZOAB. On one hand, the Dilute model, the Mori-Tanaka model, the generalized self-consistent model and the Lielens’ model provided lower values of dynamic Young’s modulus and higher values of phase angle, whereas, for the self-consistent model, the predicted results of dynamic Young’s modulus were higher, and the values of phase angle were lower. On the other hand, the shapes of the predicted master curves of both dynamic modulus and phase angle of ZOAB could not match well with the experimental results. The further research on the differential scheme method showed that at lower frequencies the predicted mechanical properties of ZOAB mixes by the applied micromechanical models could not be improved even by following this scheme.
Segmenting the Market for New Modes using Stated and Revealed Preferences
Authors: Venter Christoffel J.
Published: September 2018

The paper describes a new method for segmenting the transport market on the basis of choice set heterogeneity, using a combination of revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data obtained from user surveys. The method refines previous definitions of mode captivity by differentiating between current automobile captives whose resistance to transit is enduring (due to lifestyle preferences and constraints), and those whose captivity is transient (i.e., they are willing to consider switching to transit if a suitably attractive new alternative is offered in the SP game). We test the methodology using data from Johannesburg, South Africa. By segmenting the market on this basis before estimating a mode choice model, the model fit is improved as compared with the conventional segmentation technique that defines captivity solely on automobile ownership and access to transit variables. It also delivers useful insights into preference heterogeneity between the captivity groups, which is especially helpful when planning for a new mode or service, as present patterns of subjective captivity may change when new options become available.
Extended Methodology for the Estimation of a Zonal Origin-Destination Matrix: A Planning Software Application Based on Smartcard Trip Data
Authors: Tamblay Sebastián , Muñoz Juan Carlos , de Dios Ortúzar Juan
Published: September 2018

A key planning consideration when designing transit services is the projected demand on each route, as this is a necessary input to determine frequencies and vehicle capacities. Predicting demand changes in complex networks requires a thorough modelling of the public transport system and its users’ decisions. Aiming to help in this process, a new transit planning tool (STEPTRANS) is being developed, seeking to predict the reactions of public transport users to network changes, allowing better design and operation of the transport system. This tool needs a reliable origin-destination (O-D) matrix for the city of interest, which is assigned to the transit network, using state of practice route choice models. This work presents an extension of the former methodology implemented in STEPTRANS, which allows a zonal O-D matrix for a city to be estimated, given a stop-to-stop matrix obtained from smartcard trip data. The methodology and extension were applied to estimate models and O-D matrices for Santiago de Chile’s integrated transit system, Transantiago. The extension focuses on three improvements: (1) addressing data limitations by using the latest large scale O-D survey available for Santiago; (2) updating the zonal system, including a new methodology for access links construction; and (3) enhancing the model formulation, incorporating trip pattern corrections and reformulating cost measures using route choice models. The inclusion of the resulting matrices in STEPTRANS will allow the evaluation of major changes to the transport system, as a zonal O-D matrix allows modelled users to choose their initial and final stops.
Recurrence After Arthroscopic Labral Repair for Traumatic Anterior Instability in Adolescent Rugby and Contact Athletes
Authors: Torrance Emma , Clarke Ciaran J. , Monga Puneet , Funk Lennard , Walton Michael J.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Traumatic glenohumeral dislocation of the shoulder is one of the most common shoulder injuries, especially among adolescent athletes. The treatment of instability for young athletes continues to be controversial owing to high recurrence rates.

Purpose:

To investigate the recurrence rate of shoulder instability after arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for adolescent contact and collision athletes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Sixty-seven patients aged <18 years underwent an arthroscopic labral repair over a 5-year period. The mean ± SD age of the cohort was 16.3 ± 0.9 years (range, 14-17 years) and consisted of 1 female and 66 males. All patients were contact athletes, with 62 of 67 playing rugby. Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative data for all patients with shoulder instability were recorded in our database. Recurrence rates were recorded and relative risks calculated.

Results:

At a follow-up of 33 ± 20 months, 34 of 67 patients had recurrent instability for an overall recurrence rate of 51% among adolescent contact athletes after arthroscopic labral repair surgery. The mean time to recurrence was 68.1 ± 45.3 weeks. All recurrences occurred as a result of a further sporting injury. Relative risk analysis demonstrated that athletes aged <16 years had 2.2 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1) times the risk of developing a further instability episode as compared with athletes aged ≥16 years at the time of index surgery ( P = .0002). The recurrence rate among adolescent athletes after bony Bankart repairs was 57.9% versus 47.9% for soft tissue labral repairs ( P = .4698). The incidence of Hill-Sachs lesions ( P = .0002) and bony Bankart lesions ( P = .009) among adolescent athletes was significantly higher than among adult controls ( P = .002). The presence of bone loss did not lead to a significant increase in recurrence rate over and above the effect of age.

Conclusion:

Adolescent contact athletes undergoing arthroscopic labral repair have an overall recurrence rate of 51%. Rugby players who undergo primary arthroscopic shoulder stabilization aged <16 years have 2.2 times the risk of developing a further instability episode when compared with athletes aged ≥16 years at the time of index surgery, with a recurrence rate of 93%.
Mineralogical characterisation and magnetic separation of vanadium-bearing converter slag
Authors: Xiang Junyi , Huang Qingyun , Lv Wei , Pei Guishang , Lv Xuewei , Liu Songli
Published: September 2018

The recycling of metallic iron is commonly the first step to fully use the converter slag, which is the biggest waste discharge in the steelmaking process. This study presents a proposed improved process of separating metallic iron from vanadium-bearing converter slag more efficiently. The mineralogical and morphological characteristics of the converter slag were first investigated, and the results showed that most of the iron was incorporated in the spinel and olivine. Grinding, sieving and magnetic separation were combined to recover metallic iron from the converter slag, and yielded approximately 41.5% of iron in which the iron content was as high as 85%, and the non-magnetic concentrate contains 8.56% vanadium with a yield of 95.3% and 8.63% titanium with a yield of 85.3%. The magnetic part can be used as the raw materials in the steel making process, whereas the non-magnetic part can be used as the raw materials for the further extraction of vanadium.
An environmental perturbation at AD 600 and subsequent human impacts recorded by multi-proxy records from the sediments of Lake Mayinghai, North China
Authors: Shen Zhongwei , Liu Jianbao , Xie Chengling , Zhang Xiaosen , Chen Fahu
Published: September 2018

Modern observations indicate that a dramatic increase in the intensity of human activity is the main cause of environmental degradation. However, the timing of the onset of significant human impacts on regional environments during the historical period is unclear. In this study, an AMS 14C-dated 878-cm-long sediment core (MYH14B), from Lake Mayinghai in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China, was used to study the long-term relationship between the ecological environment and human activity. The area is characterized by a fragile ecological system and is sensitive to environmental change and human activity. We found evidence for abrupt sedimentary changes beginning around AD 600, revealed by the increased (decreased) content of exogenous (endogenous) elements, a decrease in grain size and the appearance of quartz particles with V-shaped percussion cracks. This evidence indicates an abrupt increase in sediments transported by surface run-off and that a large amount of freshwater was injected into the lake. The climate was stable at the time and therefore, combined with historical documentary evidence, we attribute this event to the excavation of a river channel flowing into the lake, in association with the construction of nearby Fenyang Palace by Emperor Yang during the Sui Dynasty. Subsequently, the content of exogenous elements in the sediments was significantly positively correlated with the intensity of deforestation, cultivation and grazing, indicating that these elements can be used as a proxy of the intensity of human activity. The variation of this proxy demonstrates that intensified human activity occurred during AD 600– 1100 and after AD 1350, and that human activity weakened during AD 1100–1350, which is supported by evidence from historical accounts and changes in the population size of Shanxi Province. Overall, our findings reveal a substantial conflict between human activity and environmental stability in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China during the Sui Dynasty (AD ~600). In addition, the sensitivity of the lake response to human activity revealed in this study highlights the importance of further paleolimnological studies in the region.
Testing modified zeros for Poisson regression models
Authors: Tang Yi , Tang Wan
Published: September 2018

Excessive zeros are common in practice and may cause overdispersion and invalidate inferences when fitting Poisson regression models. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models may be applied if there are inflated zeros; however, it is desirable to test if there are inflated zeros before such zero-inflated Poisson models are applied. Assuming a constant probability of being a structural zero in a zero-inflated Poisson regression model, the existence of the inflated zeros may be tested by testing whether the constant probability is zero. In such situations, the Wald, score, and likelihood ratio tests can be applied. Without specifying a zero-inflated Poisson model, He et al. recently developed a test by comparing the amount of observed zeros with that expected under the Poisson model. In this paper, we develop a closed form for the test and compare it with the Wald, score, and likelihood ratio tests through simulation studies. The simulation studies show that the test of He et al. is the best in controlling type I errors, while the score test generally has the least power among the tests. The tests are illustrated with two real data examples.
Framing genetically modified mosquitoes in the online news and Twitter: Intermedia frame setting in the issue-attention cycle
Authors: Wang Weirui , Guo Lei
Published: September 2018

We investigate how the online news and Twitter framed the discussion about genetically modified mosquitoes, and the interplay between the two media platforms. The study is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of intermedia agenda setting, framing, and the issue-attention cycle and combines methods of manual and computational content analysis, and time series analysis. The findings show that the Twitter discussion was more benefit-oriented, while the news coverage was more balanced. Initially, Twitter played a leading role in framing the discussion about genetically modified mosquitoes. When the public learned about the issue, online news gained momentum and led the Twitter publics to discuss the risks of genetically modified mosquitoes. Based on the findings, we argue that the intermedia frame setting may change its direction over time, and different media outlets may be influential in leading different aspects of the conversation.
EU Clinical Trials Regulation 2014: Fetter or facilitator?
Authors: Cave Emma
Published: September 2018

European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Regulation 536/2014, expected to come into force in 2019, provides for a streamlined single EU application for cross-border clinical trials and enhanced transparency of results. The status of the Regulation in post-Brexit UK is uncertain. Matters of regulatory alignment will be covered by agreements on the future EU-UK relationship. In the short term, implementation of the Regulation in the United Kingdom depends on the Brexit model and timing of the Regulation’s implementation. The EU (Withdrawal) Act will convert EU law into UK law, including the vast array of EU life sciences regulation. However, the Regulation is likely to be implemented after the United Kingdom leaves the EU, but within the transition period. If the United Kingdom is not part of the legal framework governing clinical trials in the EU, then the United Kingdom will still need to comply with the global framework set out in the International Council on Harmonisation if it wants to be part of trials of medicinal products for which marketing authorization will be sought for licensing in the European Economic Area. This article extols the virtues of harmonization with the EU and attempts to counter some of the media focus on the advantages of a deregulated bespoke approach.
Public–Private Partnerships, Commitment and X-Inefficiency
Authors: Chowdhury Indrani Roy , Chowdhury Prabal Roy
Published: September 2018

We examine the formation of public–private partnerships (PPPs), one of the most important organisational forms to evolve over the last few decades. Given the volume of infrastructural investment required, PPPs seem essential for India's development. We unearth a role for PPP formation that is new in the literature, namely its role as a commitment device. In particular, we argue that the presence of the private firm allows a PPP to credibly commit to discontinuing the project when efficiency considerations demand so.

JEL: D02, D04,D72, D73, D43
Milnacipran: serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor approved for fibromyalgia may be a useful antidepressant
Authors: Keks Nicholas A , Hope Judy , Keogh Simone , Copolov David L
Published: September 2018

Objective:

Milnacipran is a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) approved for treatment of fibromyalgia in Australia, but is used for depression in Europe and elsewhere. This paper will briefly review milnacipran and its utility in psychiatry for the treatment of depression.

Conclusion:

Milnacipran is a dual reuptake inhibitor of noradrenaline and serotonin, with greater effect on noradrenaline than serotonin, in contrast to the related drugs venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine and duloxetine. Rapidly absorbed irrespective of food, milnacipran has a half-life of approximately 8 hours, reaches steady state in 2 days and is excreted renally. Milnacipran helps a minority of patients with fibromyalgia by reducing pain and fatigue. It is also an effective antidepressant with efficacy comparable to venlafaxine and duloxetine, and a side effect profile characteristic of SNRIs. The dose range is 50–200 mg, in divided doses. Milnacipran may be useful for patients with depression and pain, and endogenous depression characterised by anergia, psychomotor retardation and hypersomnia. Caution is necessary in the presence of heart disease, hypertension, renal impairment, epilepsy, glaucoma, bipolar disorder, and bleeding tendency. Milnacipran is likely to be a useful late antidepressant option in treatment-resistant patients, as well as those with chronic pain, anergia and hypersomnia.
Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality
Authors: Chowdhury Farzana , Audretsch David B. , Belitski Maksim
Published: September 2018

Entrepreneurship contributes importantly to the economy. However, differences in the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship vary significantly across developing and developed countries. We use a sample of 70 countries over the period of 2005–2015 to examine how formal and informal institutional dimensions (availability of debt and venture capital, regulatory business environment, entrepreneurial cognition and human capital, corruption, government size, government support) affect the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship between developed and developing countries. Our results demonstrate that institutions are important for both the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship. However, not all institutions play a similar role; rather, there is a dynamic relationship between institutions and economic development.
Local Banking Development and the Use of Debt Financing by New Firms
Authors: Deloof Marc , La Rocca Maurizio , Vanacker Tom
Published: September 2018

We investigate the effects of local banking development on the debt financing of new firms using a large sample of Italian firms. Controlling for potential endogeneity issues, we find that new firms are more likely to use bank debt and have higher leverage in provinces with more bank branches relative to population. However, it is important to account for bank heterogeneity. For instance, more foreign banks in a province actually reduce access to bank debt. Taken together, our study provides new and nuanced evidence on the role of local banking development for the debt financing of new firms.
Holistic Development and Music Education: Research for Educators and Community Stakeholders
Authors: Varner Edward
Published: September 2018

Many educators and parents remain unaware of the value of music and the arts beyond obvious, natural entertainment contexts and find it easy to devalue music and arts programing. This article presents a concise review of significant research that demonstrates strong correlations between the study of music and arts as academic disciplines that improve the development of literacy, language, and math skills while also providing a natural link to improved social and emotional competencies. The material is presented to better inform and aid general music specialist efforts to share the academic value of music for students while highlighting distinct contributions to improved emotional, intellectual, and social areas of cognition that other academic disciplines may not achieve as effectively.
Impact of Hearing Loss on Patient–Provider Communication Among Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shukla Aishwarya , Nieman Carrie L. , Price Carrie , Harper Michael , Lin Frank R. , Reed Nicholas S.
Published: September 2018

Age-related hearing loss is a highly prevalent chronic condition in older adults, but hearing loss is rarely accounted for in patient–provider communication studies. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the impact of age-related hearing loss on patient–provider communication in hospitalized older adults. Five databases were queried to identify original research that examined patient–provider communication in older adults with hearing loss in an inpatient setting. Of 1053 studies, 13 were included in the final review. All studies reported an adverse effect of hearing loss on patient–provider communication. Among studies that evaluated an intervention to improve communication in older adults with hearing loss, simple interventions such as low-cost voice amplifiers were found to improve communication. An understanding of the effect of hearing loss on patient–provider communication and strategies to mitigate the impact are needed in order to provide safe, quality, patient-centered care to older adults with hearing loss.
Rotational Thromboelastometry for Assessing Bleeding Complications and Factor XIII Deficiency in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Raspé Christoph , Besch Maximilian , Charitos Efstratios I. , Flöther Lilit , Bucher Michael , Rückert Florian , Treede Hendrik
Published: September 2018

We aimed to detect alterations and deficits in hemostasis during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using point-of-care-supported coagulation analysis (rotational thromboelastometry, impedance aggregometry), in addition to single factor assays for the measurement of fibrinogen (FI) and factor XIII (FXIII) levels. Forty-one patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled in this observational study. Perioperative measurement (pre-, postheparin, 30-minutes before the end of bypass, 1-hourpostoperatively) of standard laboratory variables, additional rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM; International GmbH, Munich, Germany), Multiplate analysis (Roche, Switzerland), and an assay of FXIII activity were performed as well as the collection of epidemiological data and blood loss. The FI and FXIII levels as well as the measured ROTEM and Multiplate parameters correlated weakly with the blood loss. Clotting time and maximum clot firmness (MCF) of the intrinsically activated ROTEM showed a good correlation ( rCT-INTEM = 0.378; P < .05, rMCF-INTEM = 0.305; P < .05) with postoperative drainage loss, suggesting a dependence of blood loss on the initial intrinsic activity. Additionally, perioperative FI or FIBTEM levels and the FXIII levels correlated with each other. Intrinsically activated ROTEM showed a good correlation with postoperative drainage loss, thus suggesting a dependence of blood loss on the initial intrinsic activity and therefore facilitating clinicians to assess postoperative bleeding complications. Based on the FI level or the MCFFIBTEM measured by ROTEM, it may also be possible to assess the FXIII concentration. Especially in chronically ill and massive bleeding cardiac surgery patients with significantly decreased FXIII levels, the knowledge of FXIII deficiency may help clinicians to treat coagulation disorders more adequately.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Profile of 3 Batches of Ovine Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and 1 Batch of Branded Enoxaparin
Authors: Jeske Walter , Kouta Ahmed , Duff Rick , Rangnekar Varun , Niverthi Manoj , Hoppensteadt Debra , Fareed Jawed , Yao Yiming
Published: September 2018

Although pharmaceutical grade heparin is obtained almost exclusively from porcine intestinal mucosa, there is interest in diversifying heparin sourcing to address potential supply shortages and economically motivated adulteration. Since ovine-derived heparin is structurally similar to porcine heparin, it is expected that ovine-derived low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) will be comparable to porcine-derived LMWH. This study compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of 3 batches of ovine LMWH with that of enoxaparin in nonhuman primates. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 2, 4, and 6 hours post-administration of a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of LMWH. Circulating drug concentrations determined using anti-Xa and anti-thrombin assays were used to calculate values for PK parameters. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ovine LMWHs tested met pharmacopoeial potency and molecular weight distribution requirements for enoxaparin. In the post-administration samples, comparable levels of branded enoxaparin and ovine enoxaparin were observed using anti-Xa and anti-thrombin assays, with the concentration versus time curves being nearly superimposable. Consistent with this similarity, no significant differences were observed between PK parameters calculated for branded enoxaparin and ovine LMWH. The TFPI levels returned to baseline levels by 6 hours in ovine LMWH-treated animals but remained slightly elevated in animals treated with branded enoxaparin. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of ovine enoxaparin were not only comparable between different batches but also similar to the branded product. Thus, LMWH prepared from ovine mucosal heparin is comparable to its porcine-derived counterpart.
Skull pathology in 10 cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome
Authors: Howes Charlotte , Longley Mark , Reyes Natalia , Major Alison C , Gracis Margherita , Fulton Scanlan Amy , Bailey Steven , Langley-Hobbs Sorrel J
Published: September 2018

Case series summary

The aim of this case series is to describe the clinical and radiological features of mandibular and maxillary abnormalities in cats diagnosed with patellar fractures and dental anomalies, a condition that we have named ‘patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome’ (PADS), also known previously as ‘knees and teeth syndrome’. Where available, clinical records, skull and/or intraoral dental radiographs, head CT images, microbiology and histopathology reports were collected, and follow-up was obtained. Ten cats with mandibular or maxillary abnormalities were identified. Common clinical features included multiple persistent deciduous teeth, gingivitis and swellings of the jaw. Skull radiographs were available for 7/10 cats and head CT images were available for one cat. Findings included marked bony and periosteal proliferation, hypodontia, root resorption, root malformation and unerupted permanent teeth. Where available, microbiology and histopathology results were consistent with osteomyelitis.

Relevance and novel information

Mandibular and maxillary abnormalities are an additional unreported clinical feature of the rare condition that we have termed PADS. Radiologically, these lesions can have an aggressive appearance, which can mimic neoplasia. Medical management with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy improves clinical signs in the short term; however, surgical extraction of persistent deciduous and unerupted permanent teeth, and debridement of proliferative and necrotic bone appear to be necessary for an improved outcome. Additional information on long-term outcome is required.
Arts-based research methods with indigenous peoples: an international scoping review
Authors: Hammond Chad , Gifford Wendy , Thomas Roanne , Rabaa Seham , Thomas Ovini , Domecq Marie-Cécile
Published: September 2018

Research with indigenous peoples worldwide carries long histories of exploitation, distorted representation, and theft. New “indigenizing” methodologies centre the production of knowledge around the processes and knowledges of indigenous communities. Creative research methods involving artistic practices—such as photovoice, journaling, digital storytelling, dance, and theatre—may have a place within these new approaches, but their applications have yet to be systematically explored. We conducted a scoping review of 36 international research studies literature on arts-based research with indigenous peoples. The majority of studies used photovoice and were conducted in Canada, USA, Australia, or New Zealand. We identify five primary fields in which arts-based methods may offer benefit to an indigenous research agenda: (a) participant engagement, (b) relationship building, (c) indigenous knowledge creation, (d) capacity building, and (e) community action. We propose several opportunities to further explore arts-based methods with indigenous peoples.
Evaluating a Dyadic Intervention on Risk Reduction Among People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Flath Natalie , Tobin Karin , Mihailovic Aleks , Hammond Paige , Latkin Carl
Published: September 2018

Among 100 people who inject drugs enrolled in a peer mentorship intervention aiming to promote injection-related risk reduction behavior change, we evaluated the role of participation in a dyad session on reducing sharing of syringes and cookers in the past 6 months. Dyad participants (n = 69) invited an injection, sex partner, or family member to the study site to reinforce learnt behavior change tools by practicing communication skills and risk reduction lessons. In all, 31 participants did not participate in the dyad session. We descriptively assessed changes in sharing injection equipment between the 2 time points of pre- and postintervention using the tests of proportions by dyad participation. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sex was used with an interaction term (time points × dyad participation) to evaluate the dyad effect. Dyad participants reported reduced syringe and cooker sharing at postintervention (sharing syringe: 17% versus 39%, P < .05 and cooker: 32% versus 59%, P < .01). There was no difference between the dyad group’s sharing injection equipment behavior after the intervention (sharing syringes: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-3.9 and cookers: aOR 0.72; 95% CI 0.1-3.5). The role of the dyad session alone on risk taking was not effective. With a small sample size, it is important to continue to evaluate the nature of peer-based dyadic experiences in future studies.
Individual differences between the practising behaviours of six pianists: A challenge to Perceptual Learning Style theory
Authors: Odendaal Albi
Published: September 2018

Perceptual Learning Style theory (PLS) claims that the presentation of information in either a visual, auditory or kinaesthetic format will improve the learning of selected individuals due to the dominance of one or more modality in their information gathering. The modality dominance of six Western classical pianists in higher music education was explored through observing their practising in four different situations totalling 80 minutes, and conducting interviews with them in a stimulated-recall protocol after each observation. The observation and interview data were analysed to 1) identify patterns in individuals’ approaches to learning new musical material from scores, to 2) identify differences between the individuals, and to 3) relate these differences to the predictions of PLS. Thirteen behavioural categories were identified that differentiated the pianists, but these could not be convincingly linked to PLS. The findings of the study question the applicability of the theory to musical practising.
On uses, mis-uses and non-uses of intersectionality before the Court of Justice (EU)
Authors: Schiek Dagmar
Published: September 2018

Intersectionality, frequently used by political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists as a highly abstract concept, originated as the socio-legal critique, by Kimberlé Crenshaw, of US courts’ ignorance of discrimination against Black Women specifically. That ignorance emerged in cases such as DeGraffenreid, in which the claimants challenged a collective redundancy scheme resulting in dismissing all Black Women on grounds of indirect discrimination. The court refused to recognise Black Women as a category of relevance and did not find any discrimination because the scheme did not impact disproportionally on White Women or Black Men. As regards EU law, some socio-legal scholars of today doubt that intersectionality has any value as a practically relevant concept. This article discusses the question whether and how intersectionality can and should be used in applying EU non-discrimination law through a critical analysis of three ECJ rulings delivered between 24 November 2016 and 14 March 2017. The Parris case concerning the pension claims of two white homosexual Men can be qualified as the Court’s “DeGraffenreid moment” because it refused to recognise discrimination in a case where the intersection of being over 63 and homosexual was the basis of excluding the Men from a survivor’s pension. The Court refused to recognise combined discrimination and found that neither age nor sexual orientation in isolation were the reason of that exclusion. The more recent Achbita and Bougnaoui cases seem to constitute instances of surprising ignorance of racializing Muslim Women through penalising them for wearing a headscarf: The Court, following its Avocates Générales, refused to protect Women against dismissal on grounds of that garment on the basis of extensive justifications for religious discrimination, thus ignoring a pervasive exclusion on the intersection of gender and ascribed race. The article criticises all three rulings with a twofold argument. First, it is submitted that anti-discrimination law should and can recognise intersectional discrimination without losing its focus by a reconceptualization around the nodes gender, race and disability. Second, it is argued that EU anti-discrimination law can be interpreted to encompass this concept by using a purposive interpretation.
Pathways to and Results of Psychiatric Consultation for Patients Referred from the Emergency Department. Are there Differences between Migrant and Native Patients?
Authors: Gramaglia Carla , Gambaro Eleonora , Delicato Claudia , Di Marco Sarah , Di Tullio Elisa , Vecchi Camilla , Bert Fabrizio , Castello Luigi Mario , Siliquini Roberta , Avanzi Giancarlo , Zeppegno Patrizia
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to compare migrants and native Italians on the pathways to care and results of psychiatric consultation (PC) in the emergency department (ED). Patients who were referred from the ED for psychiatric consultation (EDPC) at the Maggiore della Carità Hospital between March 2008 and March 2015 were recruited consecutively. Socio-demographic, clinical and consultation variables were recorded along with information about suicidal behaviours; migrants ( n = 379; 42.74% males, 57.26% females; age: 45.38 ± 16.95 years) were compared with native Italians ( n = 2942; 43.51% males, 56.49% females; age: 42.08 ± 15.89 years). Migrants were younger, more likely to be unemployed and less likely to be already under the care of a psychiatrist. Symptoms related to use of alcohol or substances were more frequent in migrants, especially female migrants. Migrants were less likely than native Italians to be referred for PC because of the presence of psychiatric symptoms, however they were more likely to be referred because of self-harming behaviour. Nonetheless, migrant status was not identified as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in the multivariate analysis. The outcome of EDPC showed differences between migrants and natives. In absolute terms migrants were less likely to be admitted to a psychiatric ward after the EDPC than native Italians, while they were more likely to be monitored in the ED before being discharged or referred to outpatient care. In a high percentage of psychiatric examinations of migrants, no psychiatric symptoms were identified. Further studies are warranted to disentangle the meaning of these findings.
Risk of Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Cancer: Population-Based Estimates in Denmark with Focus on Non-Hereditary Cases Diagnosed After Age 50
Authors: Lindberg L. J. , Ladelund S. , Bernstein I. , Therkildsen C. , Nilbert M.
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims:

The risk of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer is influenced by heritable and environmental factors. As a basis for comparative studies, we provide population-based estimates of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer with a focus on non-heritable cases.

Material and Methods:

Based on data from national Danish cancer registers, we estimated the proportion of synchronous colorectal cancer and the incidence rates and risks for metachronous colorectal cancer in 28,504 individuals, who developed 577 metachronous colorectal cancer above age 50.

Results:

Synchronous colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 1.3% of the cases. The risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was associated with sex, tumor location, and age with the strongest influence from the latter. The incidence rate ratios for metachronous colorectal cancer ranged from above 6 in patients below age 65 to <1–3.2 in patients above age 65. The absolute risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was ⩾10% in patients below age 65 and 1.0%–8.0% in patients above age 65.

Conclusion:

Individuals who develop sporadic, non-inherited colorectal cancer above age 50 are at a significantly increased risk of metachronous colorectal cancer with risk estimates that are strongly affected by age. This observation underscores the need for development of targeted surveillance in the most common clinical subset of colorectal cancer.
Application of photogrammetry for spatial free surface elevation and velocity measurement in wave flumes
Authors: Fleming Alan , Winship Brian , Macfarlane Gregor
Published: September 2018

This article presents a method for obtaining the spatial free surface elevation and velocity field for the water surface in a wave flume over a relatively large measurement area for this type of application (approximately 1.5 m × 1.5 m). The technique employs proprietary videogrammetry software to post-process stereo images captured by multiple synchronised machine vision cameras. Dimensional resolution and other limitations are similar to that experienced for particle imaging velocimetry systems ( x, y resolution of 2 mm). Imaging of the free surface was enabled by the use of millions of bespoke slightly positively buoyant fluorescent flakes. Ultraviolet light was used as the primary light source to excite the fluorescent flakes. Reflected ultraviolet light was attenuated by a high-pass filter fitted to the cameras so that only the emitted light from the fluorescent flakes was visible. The software was validated using a simple linear translation experiment. An application is demonstrated for the radiated wave field generated from a submerged sinusoidal heaving sphere for two cases: one single and five consecutive oscillations. Results agree with linear wave theory which indicates that the floating flakes had minimal impact on the water surface particle motion at the scale tested. It is, therefore, concluded that spatial measurement of the free surface elevation and velocity using the method presented has good resolution over a large measurement field. The flakes were found to follow the free surface well, but the measurement area is constrained to where the pattern of flakes exists in the image. Hence, application of floating markers is not suitable for experiments with significant outflow/upwelling which would wash away the floating markers from the intended measurement area.
A Systematic Literature Review on Salvage Radiotherapy for Local or Regional Recurrence After Previous Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Matsuo Yukinori
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this review article was to summarize available data on the efficacy and safety of salvage radiotherapy for isolated local or regional recurrence after prior stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Methods:

Studies were systematically searched on PubMed, following which suitable papers were selected. Reported outcomes and toxicities were qualitatively reviewed.

Results:

Nineteen papers, which were retrospective studies based on single institution experiences, were selected. Sixteen papers were on salvage radiotherapy for local tumor recurrence, and the remaining 3 papers evaluated radiotherapy for regional failures after stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Patient cohorts in the selected papers seemed very frail with 2-year survival of 30% to 40% after the salvage. Local control was reported to be approximately 60% to 70%, which is worse than that after primary stereotactic body radiotherapy. Reported rates of toxicity grade 3 or worse were considered acceptable. Larger target volume and central tumor localization were suggested as risk factors for severe toxicities. Dosimetric data on patients having toxicities were found to help with considering dose constraints for organs at risk.

Conclusion:

Based on data from a limited number of articles, salvage radiotherapy is a reasonable treatment option for select patients with local or regional tumor recurrence after prior stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Optimal patient selection and dose prescription can be clarified with a larger study that include more data on experiences with salvage radiotherapy.
Repetitive Peripheral Sensory Stimulation and Upper Limb Performance in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Conforto Adriana Bastos , dos Anjos Sarah Monteiro , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Silva Arnaldo Alves da , Conti Juliana , Machado André G. , Cohen Leonardo G.
Published: September 2018

Background. Enhancement of sensory input in the form of repetitive peripheral sensory stimulation (RPSS) can enhance excitability of the motor cortex and upper limb performance. Objective. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of RPSS compared with control stimulation on improvement of motor outcomes in the upper limb of subjects with stroke. Methods. We searched studies published between 1948 and December 2017 and selected 5 studies that provided individual data and applied a specific paradigm of stimulation (trains of 1-ms pulses at 10 Hz, delivered at 1 Hz). Continuous data were analyzed with means and standard deviations of differences in performance before and after active or control interventions. Adverse events were also assessed. Results. There was a statistically significant beneficial effect of RPSS on motor performance (standard mean difference between active and control RPSS, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.09-1.24; I2 = 65%). Only 1 study included subjects in the subacute phase after stroke. Subgroup analysis of studies that only included subjects in the chronic phase showed a significant effect (1.04; 95% CI, 0.66-1.42) with no heterogeneity. Significant results were obtained for outcomes of body structure and function as well as for outcomes of activity limitation according to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health, when only studies that included subjects in the chronic phase were analyzed. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions. RPSS is a safe intervention with potential to become an adjuvant tool for upper extremity paresis rehabilitation in subjects with stroke in the chronic phase.