bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction Concept of Ratchet-Induced Collapse Under Deadweight and Seismic Loading
Authors: Kai Satoru , Ichimiya Masakazu , Kasahara Naoto
Published: November 2022

The failure mode estimation of essential components in nuclear facilities under beyond design-basis events (BDBEs) is necessary to mitigate the consequences during severe accident conditions. The plastic collapse induced by ratcheting, defined as the ratchet-induced collapse in this study, is one of the failure modes of piping components under seismic loading. This failure mode was first confirmed in the Pipe-fitting dynamic reliability program (PFDRP) conducted by EPRI in the 1980s. However, the mechanism and occurrence condition of this failure remained unclear for decades because there were no methods to express the continuous transition of failure modes under seismic loading, as ratcheting turned into a plastic collapse behavior in the experiment. In this study, the mechanism of the ratchet-induced collapse is clarified using numerical analyses and experimental tests. The X-Y trajectory representing the transition of the stress levels of deadweight and seismic loading is introduced to express the significant effect of ratcheting. The seismic failure mode map, which has a similar classification of stresses with Bree’s diagram, is also extended to represent the occurrence condition of plastic collapse. The prediction method of the ratchet-induced collapse is proposed by combining the X-Y trajectory and the extended seismic failure mode map.
Design of Ellipsoidal and Torispherical Heads in Pressure Vessel and Review of Restrictions in Material Strength Imposed in ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1: A Comparative Study of Various Codes of Constructions
Authors: Mathkar Ameya , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Pathre Sujay S.
Published: November 2022

Pressure Vessels are made with various types of end closures. Commonly used end closures are ellipsoidal dished ends, torispherical dished end and hemispherical dished ends. For design of these end closures the rules provided in ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1[1] and ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2[2] differ significantly and a similar phenomenon could be observed when a review is done against popular international Code(s) for pressure vessel design like PD 5500 [3], EN 13445 [4]. The difference in the design methodology is due to the design approach used in developing the equations in these Code(s) of Construction.

ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 in Para UG-32(d) and in Appendix 1–4 (c) & (d), end note 88 for design of all torispherical heads subject to internal pressure states that the maximum allowable stress used to calculate the required thickness cannot exceed 20 ksi (138 MPa) at room temperature irrespective of the strength of the material. This restriction is further reduced in proportion at elevated temperatures. Similar kinds of a restriction in the allowable stress is imposed for design of ellipsoidal heads when the factor K (shape factor in the design of ellipsoidal head) exceeds 1.0 in ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1.

If we refer to other Code(s) like ASME Sec. VIII Div.2 and PD 5500 and EN 13445, one can observe that the restriction of allowable stress in the design of ellipsoidal and torispherical heads are not imposed when high strength materials are selected for the construction of dished ends.

The work reported in this paper is an attempt to review the design methodology adopted for design of ellipsoidal dished ends with K exceeding 1.0 and all torispherical heads according to ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 with ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2, PD 5500 and EN 13445 and to evaluate whether the restriction in the allowable stress imposed by ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1 is really required. Also, FEA of the dished ends are carried out to determine the stresses induced and a comparison is made against various Code(s) classical formula requirements.
Master Curve Evaluation Using the Fracture Toughness Data at Low Test Temperature of T-To<-50 °C
Authors: Yamamoto Masato , Kirk Mark , Shinko Tomoki
Published: November 2022

The Master Curve fracture toughness evaluation method standardized by ASTM E1921 and JEAC4216 specifies the acceptable test temperature (T) to be selected within the range of ±50°C from evaluated reference temperature, To. If small size specimens, such as 4mm thickness Mini-C(T) are used to measure KJc, temperatures lower in this range should be selected to avoid an excessive number of censored data points due to plastic strain evolution that leads to specimen failure above the KJclimit prescribed by both standards. The combined constraints imposed by the To±50°C range and the KJclimit may cause difficulty in selecting an appropriate test temperature. The present study proposes a criterion based on Tave, the average of test temperature of uncensored valid KJcs in a data set, to judge whether a dataset including data obtained below T-To = −50°C can be used for the Master Curve evaluation. Multiple analyses with synthetic fracture toughness datasets, which explore different minimum toughness and temperature dependence characteristics than the classical Master Curve assumption as sensitivity studies, demonstrated that if Tave-To ≧ −50°C the resultant To value reasonably represents the fracture toughness of the data even if the dataset includes some data tested below T-To = −50°C. Master Curve analyses performed on recursively sampled datasets from an experimental fracture toughness dataset of over 200 points demonstrated that Tave reasonably works for T evaluation of such datasets even if a realistic limited number of specimens are tested. These results showed a higher percentage of “valid” To evaluations than can be achieved using the existing requirements of either ASTM E1921 or JEAC4216.
Adaptation of Standards to Innovative Reactors
Authors: Munoz Garcia Jorge Enrique , Pétesch Cécile , Lebarbé Thierry
Published: November 2022

In the frame of a construction of a nuclear installation, it is necessary to lean on one or several technical references (codes and standards). These codes and standards evolve constantly, in particular to integrate know-how derived from feedback and technical evolutions. This diversity and the innovative characteristic are in opposition with a codification status, as code and standards are based on the recognized industrial feedback. By definition, no code exists for a real innovative system. Existing codes have thus to be adapted or completed to cover the special features of a new concept. Such a process has been engaged for the AFCEN RCC-MRx code (Rules for mechanical components of nuclear installations: high temperature, research and fusion reactors) to adapt the code to innovative reactors (Gen IV, Fusion...) new needs for many years now and we want to keep on introducing new concepts in the code regarding emerging needs as for Small Modular Reactor (SMR).
Early developmental plasticity enables the induction of an intermediate extraembryonic cell state
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Anusha , Ing-Simmons Elizabeth , Chen Rui , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Ozguldez Hatice O. , Fan Rui , Duethorn Binyamin , Kim Kee-Pyo , Kim Yung Su , Stehling Martin , Brinkmann Heike , Schöler Hans R. , Adams Ralf H. , Vaquerizas Juan M. , Bedzhov Ivan
Published: November 2022

Two fundamental elements of pre-implantation embryogenesis are cells’ intrinsic self-organization program and their developmental plasticity, which allows embryos to compensate for alterations in cell position and number; yet, these elements are still poorly understood. To be able to decipher these features, we established culture conditions that enable the two fates of blastocysts’ extraembryonic lineages—the primitive endoderm and the trophectoderm—to coexist. This plasticity emerges following the mechanisms of the first lineage segregation in the mouse embryo, and it manifests as an extended potential for extraembryonic chimerism during the pre-implantation embryogenesis. Moreover, this shared state enables robust assembly into higher-order blastocyst-like structures, thus combining both the cell fate plasticity and self-organization features of the early extraembryonic lineages.
Tissue-engineered grafts exploit axon-facilitated axon regeneration and pathway protection to enable recovery after 5-cm nerve defects in pigs
Authors: Smith Douglas H. , Burrell Justin C. , Browne Kevin D. , Katiyar Kritika S. , Ezra Mindy I. , Dutton John L. , Morand Joseph P. , Struzyna Laura A. , Laimo Franco A. , Chen H. Isaac , Wolf John A. , Kaplan Hilton M. , Rosen Joseph M. , Ledebur Harry C. , Zager Eric L. , Ali Zarina S. , Cullen D. Kacy
Published: November 2022

Functional restoration following major peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is challenging, given slow axon growth rates and eventual regenerative pathway degradation in the absence of axons. We are developing tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) to simultaneously “bridge” missing nerve segments and “babysit” regenerative capacity by providing living axons to guide host axons and maintain the distal pathway. TENGs were biofabricated using porcine neurons and “stretch-grown” axon tracts. TENG neurons survived and elicited axon-facilitated axon regeneration to accelerate regrowth across both short (1 cm) and long (5 cm) segmental nerve defects in pigs. TENG axons also closely interacted with host Schwann cells to maintain proregenerative capacity. TENGs drove regeneration across 5-cm defects in both motor and mixed motor-sensory nerves, resulting in dense axon regeneration and electrophysiological recovery at levels similar to autograft repairs. This approach of accelerating axon regeneration while maintaining the pathway for long-distance regeneration may achieve recovery after currently unrepairable PNIs.
Genomic remnants of ancestral methanogenesis and hydrogenotrophy in Archaea drive anaerobic carbon cycling
Authors: Adam Panagiotis S. , Kolyfetis George E. , Bornemann Till L. V. , Vorgias Constantinos E. , Probst Alexander J.
Published: November 2022

Anaerobic methane metabolism is among the hallmarks of Archaea, originating very early in their evolution. Here, we show that the ancestor of methane metabolizers was an autotrophic CO
2
-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogen that possessed the two main complexes, methyl-CoM reductase (Mcr) and tetrahydromethanopterin-CoM methyltransferase (Mtr), the anaplerotic hydrogenases Eha and Ehb, and a set of other genes collectively called “methanogenesis markers” but could not oxidize alkanes. Overturning recent inferences, we demonstrate that methyl-dependent hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis has emerged multiple times independently, either due to a loss of Mtr while Mcr is inherited vertically or from an ancient lateral acquisition of Mcr. Even if Mcr is lost, Mtr, Eha, Ehb, and the markers can persist, resulting in mixotrophic metabolisms centered around the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Through their methanogenesis remnants, Thorarchaeia and two newly reconstructed order-level lineages in Archaeoglobi and Bathyarchaeia act as metabolically versatile players in carbon cycling of anoxic environments across the globe.
Astrocytic dysfunction induced by ABCA1 deficiency causes optic neuropathy
Authors: Shinozaki Youichi , Leung Alex , Namekata Kazuhiko , Saitoh Sei , Nguyen Huy Bang , Takeda Akiko , Danjo Yosuke , Morizawa Yosuke M. , Shigetomi Eiji , Sano Fumikazu , Yoshioka Nozomu , Takebayashi Hirohide , Ohno Nobuhiko , Segawa Takahiro , Miyake Kunio , Kashiwagi Kenji , Harada Takayuki , Ohnuma Shin-ichi , Koizumi Schuichi
Published: November 2022

Astrocyte abnormalities have received great attention for their association with various diseases in the brain but not so much in the eye. Recent independent genome-wide association studies of glaucoma, optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, and vision loss found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ABCA1 locus were common risk factors. Here, we show that
Abca1
loss in retinal astrocytes causes glaucoma-like optic neuropathy in aged mice. ABCA1 was highly expressed in retinal astrocytes in mice. Thus, we generated macroglia-specific
Abca1
-deficient mice (Glia-KO) and found that aged Glia-KO mice had RGC degeneration and ocular dysfunction without affected intraocular pressure, a conventional risk factor for glaucoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that
Abca1
deficiency in aged Glia-KO mice caused astrocyte-triggered inflammation and increased the susceptibility of certain RGC clusters to excitotoxicity. Together, astrocytes play a pivotal role in eye diseases, and loss of ABCA1 in astrocytes causes glaucoma-like neuropathy.
A crystal glass–nanostructured Al-based electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Sida , Li Hongkun , Zhong Jing , Xu Kai , Wu Ge , Liu Chang , Zhou Binbin , Yan Yang , Li Lanxi , Cha Wenhao , Chang Keke , Li Yang Yang , Lu Jian
Published: November 2022

Platinum-based catalysts are widely used in hydrogen evolution reactions; however, their applications are restricted because of the cost-efficiency trade-off. Here, we present a thermodynamics-based design strategy for synthesizing an Al
73
Mn
7
Ru
20
(atomic %) metal catalyst via combinatorial magnetron co-sputtering. The new electrocatalyst is composed of ~2 nanometers of medium-entropy nanocrystals surrounded by ~2 nanometers of amorphous regions. The catalyst exhibits exceptional performance, similar to that of single-atom catalysts and better than that of nanocluster-based catalysts. We use aluminum rather than a noble metal as the principal element of the catalyst and ruthenium, which is cheaper than platinum, as the noble metal component. The design strategy provides an efficient route for the development of electrocatalysts for use in large-scale hydrogen production. Moreover, the superior hydrogen reaction evolution created by the synergistic effect of the nano-dual-phase structure is expected to guide the development of high-performance catalysts in other alloy systems.
Directed assembly of genetically engineered eukaryotic cells into living functional materials via ultrahigh-affinity protein interactions
Authors: Yi Qikun , Dai Xin , Park Byung Min , Gu Junhao , Luo Jiren , Wang Ri , Yu Cong , Kou Songzi , Huang Jinqing , Lakerveld Richard , Sun Fei
Published: November 2022

Engineered living materials (ELMs) are gaining traction among synthetic biologists, as their emergent properties and nonequilibrium thermodynamics make them markedly different from traditional materials. However, the aspiration to directly use living cells as building blocks to create higher-order structures or materials, with no need for chemical modification, remains elusive to synthetic biologists. Here, we report a strategy that enables the assembly of engineered
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
into self-propagating ELMs via ultrahigh-affinity protein/protein interactions. These yeast cells have been genetically engineered to display the protein pairs SpyTag/SpyCatcher or CL7/Im7 on their surfaces, which enable their assembly into multicellular structures capable of further growth and proliferation. The assembly process can be controlled precisely via optical tweezers or microfluidics. Moreover, incorporation of functional motifs such as super uranyl-binding protein and mussel foot proteins via genetic programming rendered these materials suitable for uranium extraction from seawater and bioadhesion, respectively, pointing to their potential in chemical separation and biomedical applications.
Rapid megaflood-triggered base-level rise on Mars
Authors: Ahmed Joshua , Peakall Jeffrey , Balme Matthew R. , Parsons Daniel R.
Published: November 2022

The existence of ancient fluvial systems on Mars is widely accepted, but little is known about how quickly they formed, or what environmental conditions controlled their evolution. We analyzed a sequence of well-preserved inner-bank bar deposits within the meander bends of a multistacked sinuous fluvial ridge in Aeolis Dorsa and compared them to similar features on Earth to establish the conditions required for their formation. Our results reveal that these Martian channels were highly aggradational, rising an order of magnitude higher than terrestrial rivers. This evolution occurred over very rapid time scales, with our estimates suggesting that some entire inner-bar set deposits, and therefore the aggradational channel, may have formed in less than a single Martian year, with upper bounds of a few decades. We suggest that this unique channel topography was created by a rapidly rising downstream water body, triggered by a sequence of externally sourced megafloods (e.g., crater lake breaches).
Superspaces for heterotic pure spinor string compactifications
Authors: Chandia Osvaldo , Vallilo Brenno Carlini
Published: November 2022

We study supersymmetry conditions for the heterotic pure superstring preserving $$N=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetry in four dimensions directly from the curved superspace defined by the Berkovits–Howe constraints.
Attention-Based Convolutional Recurrent Deep Neural Networks for the Prediction of Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Shahabi Mohsen Sadat , Shalbaf Ahmad , Nobakhsh Behrooz , Rostami Reza , Kazemi Reza
Published: November 2022

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is proposed as an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, because of the suboptimal treatment outcome of rTMS, the prediction of response to this technique is a crucial task. We developed a deep learning (DL) model to classify responders (R) and non-responders (NR). With this aim, we assessed the pre-treatment EEG signal of 34 MDD patients and extracted effective connectivity (EC) among all electrodes in four frequency bands of EEG signal. Two-dimensional EC maps are put together to create a rich connectivity image and a sequence of these images is fed to the DL model. Then, the DL framework was constructed based on transfer learning (TL) models which are pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) named VGG16, Xception, and EfficientNetB0. Then, long short-term memory (LSTM) cells are equipped with an attention mechanism added on top of TL models to fully exploit the spatiotemporal information of EEG signal. Using leave-one subject out cross validation (LOSO CV), Xception-BLSTM-Attention acquired the highest performance with 98.86% of accuracy and 97.73% of specificity. Fusion of these models as an ensemble model based on optimized majority voting gained 99.32% accuracy and 98.34% of specificity. Therefore, the ensemble of TL-LSTM-Attention models can predict accurately the treatment outcome.
From SATD Recognition to an Interpretation Method Based on the Dataset
Authors: Meng Yuan , Tie Bao , Lin Dawei
Published: November 2022

Technical debt describes a trade-off between short-term goals and long-term code quality during software development. Self-admitted technical debt (SATD), a type of technical debt, is intentionally introduced by developers. The existence of SATD is likely to leave hidden dangers for future changes in software systems, so identifying SATD is an essential task. Before this, many methods for recognizing SATD (such as pattern matching-based, natural language processing-based, text mining-based, etc.) have been proposed. This paper will present a pre-trained deep learning model to complete the SATD recognition task. An efficient deep learning model interpretation tool Captum can be used to understand the experimental results. At the same time, a new interpretation view is proposed for the matching-based model. Finally, combined with the research in this paper, reasonable suggestions are put forward for future SATD recognition tasks.
Well-posedness for SQG sharp fronts with unbounded curvature
Authors: Gancedo Francisco , Nguyen Huy Q. , Patel Neel
Published: November 2022

Patch solutions for the surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) equation model sharp temperature fronts in atmospheric and oceanic flows. Boundedness of curvature plays an important role in the theoretical [F. Gancedo and R. M. Strain, Absence of splash singularities for surface quasi-geostrophic sharp fronts and the Muskat problem, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111 (2014) 635–639] and numerical [D. Córdoba, M. A. Fontelos, A. M. Mancho and J. L. Rodrigo, Evidence of singularities for a family of contour dynamics equations, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 (2005) 5949–5952; R. K. Scott and D. G. Dritschel, Numerical simulation of a self-similar cascade of filament instabilities in the surface quasigeostrophic system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 144505] study of singularity formation. In this paper, we establish local well-posedness for SQG sharp fronts of low Sobolev regularity, [Formula: see text] for arbitrarily small [Formula: see text]. This is the first construction for SQG sharp front solutions with unbounded curvature.
Analysis of an alternative Navier–Stokes system: Weak entropy solutions and a convergent numerical scheme
Authors: Svärd Magnus
Published: November 2022

We consider an alternative Navier–Stokes model for compressible viscous ideal gases, originally proposed in [M. Svärd, A new Eulerian model for viscous and heat conducting compressible flows, Physica A 506 (2018) 350–375.] We derive a priori estimates that are sufficiently strong to support a weak entropy solution of the system. Guided by these estimates, we propose a finite-volume scheme, derive the analogous estimates and demonstrate grid convergence towards a weak entropy solution. Furthermore, this existence proof is valid for “large” initial data and no a priori assumptions on the solution are needed.
DYNAMICS OF DELAYED NICHOLSON’S BLOWFLIES MODELS
Authors: ELBAZ I. M. , EL-METWALLY H. , SOHALY M. A.
Published: November 2022

The extinction and the persistence of the population of the harmful sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) are discussed in this paper through a stochastic mathematical model. Using appropriate Lyapunov functionals, the extinction of these flies depends on the time to oviposition and the time between generations. The oviposition period must be sufficiently short. Another species of blowfly, called Lucilia sericata, also attacks sheep in many areas. Both blowflies are ectoparasites of warm-blooded vertebrates, particularly domestic sheep. These two blowflies are related to sharing the same mitochondrial DNA sequences, although the two species are distinct. A sufficiently small egg-laying delay then leads to the rapid extinction of both blowfly populations.
Modelling of NHPP Based Software Reliability Growth Model from the Perspective of Testing Coverage, Error Propagation and Fault Withdrawal Efficiency
Authors: Khurshid Shozab , Iqbal Javaid , Malik Ishfaq Ahmad , Yousuf Basrah
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a software reliability growth model framework modeled from a non-homogenous poisson process (NHPP). Invariably, software testing continues to be a paramount measure for validating the standard of software. Test coverage measures appraise and estimate the proportion and gradation of testing in software. Therefore, presenting a correct picture of the test coverage becomes a prime requisite to guarantee software reliability. As an enhancement over the existing models, the proposed model integrates testing coverage (TC), error propagation, and fault withdrawal efficiency while keeping the number of parameters restrained to make the framework more reliable for parameter estimation. A relative analysis to assess the efficacy of the proposed model and some existing models has been carried out on the failure data obtained from three real-world software applications using six comparison criteria. Finally, the weighted criteria rank method has been used to rank the models and assess their performance. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been carried out to demonstrate the effect of the parameters of the proposed model on the mean value function.
Discrete solitons in competitive zigzag waveguide arrays with cubic-quintic nonlinearity
Authors: He Hexiang , Hu Jinzhou , Chen Lei , Zhou Yangui , Liu Yan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study one-dimensional discrete solitons in zigzag waveguide arrays with competitive cubic-quintic nonlinearity and competitive linear mixing between the nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) couplings. The competitive nonlinearity features a cubic self-focusing associated with a quintic self-defocusing nonlinearities. The competitive linear mixing between the NN and NNN couplings is induced by making the two coefficients opposite of each other, which is assumed to be induced by the embedding synthetic gauge phase within the coupling constants. The combination of these two types of competition, linear mixing and nonlinearity can create four types of soliton: multipeak bell-shaped solitons, multipeak flat-top solitons, staggered bell-shaped solitons, and staggered flat-top solitons. The stability and dynamics of these types of solitons are verified systematically through the paper. The total power and the types of competition between the linear mixing play important roles in tuning these solitons.
New dark, bright, one-soliton, bell-shape and anti-bell shape solutions of the LPD model with two forms of nonlinearity
Authors: Tripathy A. , Sahoo S.
Published: November 2022

This paper is focused with the investigation of new exact analytical solutions to two types of nonlinearities of the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel models, namely anti-cubic law and cubic-quintic law of nonlinearity. To achieve the diverse wave patterns to the considered model, a novel method, namely the new Kudryashov technique, is used. The newly accomplished solutions exhibit many types of wave solutions such as one-soliton, bright, dark, bell-shape and anti-bell shape solutions. The dynamics of the derived solutions are represented by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) graphs. The novel aspect of this study is the balance between dispersion and nonlinear phenomena, which have not been achieved in previous studies. Based on these solutions, the fiber structure can be designed to improve its quality. Furthermore, this shows the method’s ability to solve various forms of nonlinear complex phenomena and produce other solitary wave solutions.
Analysis of Axially Loaded Piezoelectric Semiconductor Rods with Geometric Nonlinearity
Authors: Bao Gaofeng , Li Dezhi , Kong Dejuan , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhang Chunli
Published: November 2022

Piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) nanostructures have a huge application potential in flexible electronic devices. We study the nonlinear multi-field coupling mechanical behaviors of axially loaded PS rods by taking the von Kármán type of nonlinear strain–displacement relations into account. The one-dimensional equations for extensional PS rods with the geometric nonlinearity are presented. The analytical solutions for an axially loaded PS rod with open-circuit and electrically isolated boundary conditions at the two ends are obtained based on the classical perturbation method. The zeroth-order perturbation solution is exactly the same as the linearized solution. The influences of the first- and second-order solutions on the multi-field coupling responses of the PS rods under different axial loads are investigated.
Some Results on Nörlund ℐ2-Lacunary Statistical Convergent Sequences in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Normed Spaces
Authors: Kişi Ömer , Gürdal Mehmet , Choudhury Chiranjib
Published: November 2022

The intent of this paper is to investigate the intuitionistic Nörlund [Formula: see text]-lacunary statistically convergent sequence space. We present some intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces (IFNS) in Nörlund convergent spaces. Moreover, we also put forward several topological and algebraic properties of these convergent sequence spaces.
A Double Perovskite BaSrZrMnO6: Synthesis, Microstructural, Transport and Ferroelectric Properties
Authors: Parida S. K. , Satpathy Prayasha , Mishra S. , Choudhary R. N. P.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the synthesis and characterization (structural, dielectric, electrical and optical) of a double perovskite, BaSrZrMnO6 (BSZMO), by a conventional solid-state reaction route are reported. The sample has an orthorhombic crystal symmetry with an average crystallite size of 40.7[Formula: see text]nm and a micro-lattice strain of 0.226%. A microstructural and compositional analysis was presented by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), respectively. Grains are well-grown and distributed uniformly through well-defined grain boundaries on the sample surface to enhance physical properties. EDX analysis confirms the presence of all constituent elements and is well-supported by the Raman study. The analysis of the UV–Visible spectrum reveals an energy bandgap of 2.1[Formula: see text]eV, suitable for photovoltaic applications. The study of dielectric properties as a function of temperature and frequency reveals a Maxwell–Wagner type of dispersion and explores possible applications in energy storage devices. The discussion on the impedance spectroscopy supports the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character whereas the modulus study suggests a non-Debye type of relaxation in the sample. The study of AC conductivity confirms a thermally activated relaxation process. Both Nyquist and Cole–Cole plots support the semiconducting nature of the sample. The study of resistance versus temperature ([Formula: see text]) supports NTC thermistor character for temperature sensor applications. The analysis of the P-E loop reveals the possibility of the ferroelectrics’ character.
Physical Considerations for an Intercept Mission to a 1I/’Oumuamua-Like Interstellar Object
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham , Moro-Martín Amaya , Elowitz Mark , White Abigail , Watters Wesley A. , Melnick Gary J. , Cloete Richard , Grindlay Jonathan , Laukien Frank
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we review some of the extant literature on the study of interstellar objects (ISOs). With the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Telescope and Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we find that [Formula: see text] ‘Oumuamua-like interstellar objects are expected to be detected in the next 10 years, with 95% confidence. The feasibility of a rendezvous trajectory has been demonstrated in previous work. In this paper, we investigate the requirements for a rendezvous mission with the primary objective of producing a resolved image of an interstellar object. We outline the rendezvous distances necessary as a function of resolution elements and object size. We expand upon current population synthesis models to account for the size dependency on the detection rates for reachable interstellar objects. We assess the trade-off between object diameter and occurrence rate, and conclude that objects with the size range between a third of the size and the size of ‘Oumuamua will be optimal targets for an imaging rendezvous. We also discuss expectations for surface properties and spectral features of interstellar objects, as well as the benefits of various spacecraft storage locations.
Side-channel Analysis of Lattice-based Post-quantum Cryptography: Exploiting Polynomial Multiplication
Authors: Mujdei Catinca , Wouters Lennert , Karmakar Angshuman , Beckers Arthur , Bermudo Mera Jose Maria , Verbauwhede Ingrid
Published: November 2022

Polynomial multiplication algorithms such as Toom-Cook and the Number Theoretic Transform are fundamental building blocks for lattice-based post-quantum cryptography. In this work we present correlation power-analysis-based side-channel analysis methodologies targeting
every
polynomial multiplication strategy for
all
lattice-based post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms in the final round of the NIST post-quantum standardization procedure. We perform practical experiments on real side-channel measurements, demonstrating that our method allows to extract the secret key from all lattice-based post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms. Our analysis shows that the used polynomial multiplication strategy can significantly impact the time complexity of the attack.
Impact of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic function in healthy young adults: potential role of symptomatology and time since diagnosis
Authors: Skow Rachel J. , Garza Nicole A. , Nandadeva Damsara , Stephens Brandi Y. , Wright Alexis N. , Grotle Ann-Katrin , Young Benjamin E. , Fadel Paul J.
Published: November 2022

The potential role of persistent COVID-19 symptoms on cardiac autonomic function in young adults was investigated. We observed no differences in heart rate variability or cardiac baroreflex sensitivity between controls who never had COVID-19 and those who had COVID-19, regardless of symptomology. However, there were significant relationships between measures of cardiac autonomic function and time since diagnosis, suggesting that COVID-19-related changes in cardiac autonomic function are transient in young, otherwise healthy adults.
Eye Sign is an Alternative for Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Yu Shujiao , Ni Xudong , Zhao Jun , Wu Rui
Published: November 2022

Objectives. To investigate consistency between eye sign and nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to evaluate eye sign with various parameters of disease and potential pulmonary involvement. Methods. A total of 60 SSc patients and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled. 20 SSc patients were complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); 20 SSc patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD); 20 SSc patients without pulmonary involvement. All subjects were assessed using the methods of NVC and eye sign. Skin involvement was evaluated by modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and disease activity according to Medsger’s severity score (MSS). Clinical manifestations and the presence of autoantibodies were carefully recorded. Any correlations between were evaluated with the Spearman correlation coefficient test. Results. According to the morphological changes revealed by NVC, 3 types of NVC patterns have been characterized (early pattern, active pattern, and late pattern). Eye sign showed distinguishing morphologic changes in three patterns of NVC and pulmonary involvements (PAH vs ILD) in SSc. A positive linear correlation was found between scores of eye sign and NVC in all patients with SSc (r = 0.629,

P
=
0.001

). A positive correlation of eye sign was found in all SSc patients with mRSS (r = 0.748,

P
=
0.045

) and MSS (r = 0.636,

P
=
0.001

). Conclusions. The study demonstrates that eye sign had a high consistency with NVC for the evaluation of the microcirculation in SSc patients and exhibited specific patterns in the early, active, and late phases of SSc. Eye sign can be used as a reliable method to classify and monitor SSc patients and replace the measurement of NVC.
The Effectiveness of Hybrid and Pure Problem-Based Learning in the Productive Skills and Critical Thinking of Iranian Undergraduate Students through MALL Application
Authors: Montafej Jamal , Lotfi Ahmad Reza , Chalak Azizeh
Published: November 2022

Hybrid problem-based learning (HPBL) as a learner-oriented method involves learning through collaboration while finding solutions to real-world problems. It has been employed in the education of English as a foreign language (EFL) students recently. Implementation of it in an EFL classroom, though might be a challenging task, has been approved a useful method for improving learning of the students. The current study, using a quasi-experimental design, IELTS pretests-posttests, and Honey’s critical thinking questionnaire, attempted to find out the effectiveness of HPBL method in the productive skills and critical thinking of the students by implementing it in an EFL classroom using eight teacher’s made problems through Mobile Assisted Language Learn (MALL) application. The subjects were 60 Iranian undergraduates grouped as one control group (CG) being instructed based on the traditional lecture-based method and two experimental groups being instructed based on HPBL and Pure Problem-Based Learning (PPBL) methods conveniently. Findings of one-way MANOVA, one-sample, and paired-samples t-test revealed that HPBL students had significantly higher mean scores than the PPBL students who were in turn superior to their CG counterparts in terms of productive skills and critical thinking. This study has the potential to advance new ideas and perceptions which can be implemented by EFL learners in improving the productive skills and critical thinking of the learners. Therefore, the findings might bear implications for students, teachers, university curriculum designers, and decision-makers to design more effective curriculums for the teaching of productive skills to the students.
Metformin Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Regulating Alternative Splicing of LGR4
Authors: Zhuo Han , Miao Shuying , Jin Zhenquan , Zhu Deming , Xu Zhenggang , Sun Dongwei , Ji Jie , Tan Zhongming
Published: November 2022

Background and aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The role of leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) in HCC remains unclear. Metformin can prevent and control the development of a variety of cancers, especially in HCC. Alternative splicing (AS) can produce many cancer-driving genes. We aim to uncover that metformin regulates HCC development through alternative splicing of LGR4. Methods. First, the expression of LGR4 in HCC tumor tissues and cell lines was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The ability of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was detected with CCK8, wound-healing, and transwell assays when overexpressing LGR4 or treating with metformin. The β-catenin expression was detected by immunofluorescence. In order to investigate novel AS-associated LGR4, we discarded LGR4 isoforms from GSO databases. We used siRNA to knock down the specific isoform to check the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion when treated with metformin. Results. The level of LGR4 expression was higher in HCC cell lines and tumor tissues. The HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were increased when overexpressing LGR4, which could be reduced by metformin treatment. The GEO database (GSE190076) showed that LGR4 had switching properties in HCC cell lines treated with metformin. We used siRNA to knock down the specific isoform, and the result showed that the specific isoform siRNA could promote the inhibition of cell invasion caused by metformin treatment. Conclusions. LGR4 could promote the ability of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC, which could be reduced by metformin through alternative splicing.
Using Sono-Electro-Persulfate Process for Atenolol Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Prediction and Optimization with the ANFIS Model and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zahedi Nasrin , Dehdashti Bahare , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Razaghi Maryam , Moradmand Zeynab , Amin Mohammad Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Atenolol (ATN) is a drug that is widely used to treat some heart diseases, and since it cannot be completely decomposed in the human body, some amounts of it are found in surface water. These amounts may bring risks to the environment and humans, and for this reason, its removal is a must. In the present study, the combined sono-electro-persulfate method was used for ATN removal. Based on the design of the experiment conducted by response surface methodology (RSM), the effects of 5 main factors (pH, time, PS concentration, current intensity, and initial ATN concentration) have been investigated at 5 levels. After passing the test steps in different conditions, the remaining amount of ATN has been measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with 99.63% accuracy and a genetic algorithm (GA) were used to analyze and interpret data and predict optimal conditions. The obtained results indicate the possibility of a maximum efficiency of 99.8% in the mentioned conditions (Ph of 7.4, time of 18 min, PS concentration of 2000 mg/L, current intensity of 3.35 A, and initial ATN concentration of 11.2 mg/L). According to the obtained results, the initial concentration of ATN can be considered as the most effective factor in this process, and the best Ph range for this experiment was the neutral range. The sono-electro persulfate process can be mentioned as a new and effective method for removing ATN from water sources.
Research on Nickel-Cobalt-Copper Productive Collaboration and Intelligent Decision-Making Technology in Symbiotic Coupling Enterprises
Authors: Li Yajie , Chen Wei , Jiang Dongnian , Hui Yongyong
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the research on nickel-cobalt-copper productive collaboration and intelligent decision-making technology for symbiotic coupling enterprises in the Gansu Province of China. The aim is to address the problems of low resource utilization efficiency, weak production collaboration, and an insufficient intelligent decision-making level in the nonferrous metallurgy industry. First, the present situation of nickel-cobalt-copper industry chain-level collaboration in the agglomeration area is analyzed extensively, and the corresponding problems are proposed. Second, the functional framework of productive collaboration and intelligent decision-making is presented from the industrial chain and industrial agent levels. In addition, the design methods of various balance strategies in the production collaboration within the industrial agent are provided. These can realise the daily balance of material, metal, and energy data in an individual industrial agent. Finally, with regard to intelligent decision-making at the industrial chain level, six key measures surrounding different themes are provided to support the implementation of productive collaboration and intelligent decision-making in the nonferrous metallurgy agglomeration area.
Diversity of Ethiopian Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Accessions Based on Agromorphological Traits
Authors: Roba Rameto , Mohammed Wassu , Ruelle Morgan , Tana Tamado , Simion Tariku
Published: November 2022

Information on the diversity of landraces is necessary to improve crops through selection or hybridization. This study was conducted to show the diversity of fenugreek landraces and associated traits. A total of 160 accessions including one local and four improved standard checks were evaluated in an augmented block design at the Haramaya University research site in 2016. Data collected include days to flowering, days to maturity, seed yield (kg/ha), thousand seed weight (g), the number of primary branches, plant height at flowering (cm), the number of pods per plant, the number of secondary branches, average pod length (cm), the number of seeds per pod, and seed yield per plant (g/plant) of quantitative traits. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences between accessions of all parameters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation departed from 5.95–56.91% and 6.47–58.88%. Heritability in the broad sense and expected genetic gain as percent mean varied from 60.9 to 96.1% and from 2.5 to 70.3%. The seed yield per plant, the number of secondary branches, and the number of pod per plant had positive direct effects on the yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels and the number of primary branches, and the average pod length via seed yield per plant, while the number of seeds per plant through the number of primary branches and the number of pods per plant had a positive indirect effect on the yield at the genotypic level, suggesting that these traits could be considered for indirect selection of genotypes for yield. The genetic distances of genotypes measured by Euclidean distance ranged from 0.07 to 10.6, and the dendrogram was constructed by using the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic mean. The presence of variability among fenugreek accessions suggested possibilities to improve the crop through the crossing of distant genotypes. This was an excellent opportunity to contribute to farmers’ food security and livelihoods by bringing about the improvement of fenugreek.
Relation of Health-Related Quality of Life with Glycemic Control and Use of Diabetes Technology in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Results from a National Population Based Study
Authors: Bratke Heiko , Biringer Eva , Margeirsdottir Hanna D. , Njølstad Pål R. , Skrivarhaug Torild
Published: November 2022

Objective. The primary aim was to analyse the association between diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and HbA1c in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The secondary aims were to evaluate the associations between diabetes-specific HRQOL and age, sex, diabetes duration, and the use of diabetes technology in diabetes treatment. Research Design and Methods. Children with type 1 diabetes (10-17 years,

N
=
1,019

) and parents (children <10 years,

N
=
371

; 10-17 years,

N
=
1,070

) completed the DISABKIDS diabetes-specific questionnaire (DDM-10) as part of the 2017 data collection for the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry. The DDM-10 consists of two subscales—‘impact’ and ‘treatment’—with six and four items, respectively. In the linear regression models, the items and subscales were outcome variables, while HbA1c, age, sex, diabetes duration, insulin pump use, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system use were predictor variables. Results. Lower HbA1c measurements and male sex were associated with higher HRQOL scores on both DDM-10 scales in the age group 10-17 years, but not in children under 10 years. Parents gave lower HRQOL scores than children in the 10-17 age group. Insulin pump and CGM use were not significantly associated with HRQOL on the impact and treatment scale. Conclusions. Low HbA1c and male sex are significantly associated with high HRQOL in children aged 10-17 with type 1 diabetes, but the use of diabetes technology is not positively associated with HRQOL. Differences in child- and parent-reported scores imply that parents might both over- and underestimate their child’s HRQOL.
Identification of Molecular Markers Related to Immune Infiltration in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Based on the Human Bronchial Epithelial Transcriptome
Authors: Jiang Yong , Yan Qian , Zhang Miaofen , Lin Xueying , Peng Chenwen , Huang Hui-ting , Liao Gang , Liu Qiong , Liao Huili , Zhan Shao-feng , Liu Xiaohong , Huang Xiufang
Published: November 2022

Background. Severe asthma (SA), a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by immune cell infiltration, is particularly difficult to treat and manage. The airway epithelium is an important tissue in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, and targeting airway epithelial cell may contribute to improving the efficacy of asthma therapy. Methods. Bioinformatics methods were utilized to identify the hub genes and signaling pathways involved in SA. Experiments were performed to determine whether these hub genes and signaling pathways were affected by the differences in immune cell infiltration. Results. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified 14 coexpression modules, among which the blue and salmon modules exhibited the strongest associations with SA. The blue module was mainly enriched in actomyosin structure organization and was associated with regulating stem cell pluripotency signaling pathways. The salmon module was mainly involved in cornification, skin development, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series. The protein-protein interaction network and module analysis identified 11 hub genes in the key modules. The CIBERSORTx algorithm revealed statistically significant differences in CD8+ T cells (

P
=
0.013

), T follicular helper cells (

P
=
0.002

), resting mast cells (

P
=
0.004

), and neutrophils (

P
=
0.002

) between patients with SA and mild-moderate asthma patients. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified 11 genes that were significantly associated with a variety of immune cells. We further predicted the utility of some potential drugs and validated our results in external datasets. Conclusion. Our results may help provide a better understanding of the relationship between the airway epithelial transcriptome and clinical data of SA. And this study will help to guide the development of SA-targeted molecular therapy.