bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une « ferme-manoir » des xiiie-xve s. à Langrune-sur-Mer (Calvados)
Authors: Ghesquière Emmanuel , Carpentier Vincent , Dervin Stéphanie , Séhier Élise , Cavanna Émilie , Giazzon David , Seignac Hélène
Published: July 2024

En 2017, en amont d’un projet de lotissement, une opération de fouille préventive a été menée par l’Inrap dans la commune de Langrune-sur-Mer (Calvados), sur l’emprise d’un ancien centre de colonies de vacances. L’intervention, centrée sur une série de vestiges protohistoriques, a également permis de reconnaître puis de fouiller partiellement une importante occupation médiévale des xiiie-xve s., située à environ 150 m de l’église paroissiale et du centre-bourg. Les vestiges identifiés consistent en une grande cour excavée de 1 500 m², accueillant un grand bâtiment compartimenté de 23 × 14,50 m (330 m²), ainsi que trois autres plus petits. L’espace central du bâtiment principal s’est trouvé comblé par une couche de démolition épaisse d’une vingtaine de centimètres, constituée de lauzes rubéfiées mêlées à de nombreux fragments de chaux et de charbons de taille conséquente, ainsi qu’à quelques tuiles faîtières en céramique vernissée. Ces éléments résultent manifestement de l’effondrement de la toiture par suite d’un incendie, à cause duquel l’édifice fut abandonné en l’état. Les bornes de datation obtenues permettent de situer la construction de cet édifice dans le cours du xiiie s., et sa destruction par le feu au début du xve s., dans le contexte très troublé de la guerre de Cent Ans et de l’occupation anglaise du duché de Normandie qui, dans la région de Caen, intervient à partir de 1417. Une mare de 20 × 15 m (300 m²), complète au sud cet ensemble desservi par deux chemins dont l’un est une venelle encadrée de deux murs de pierre en partie conservés. Sur le plan architectural, ces vestiges ne rencontrent que très peu de comparaisons archéologiques au niveau régional. Ils s’apparentent étroitement à divers ensembles conservés du nord de la plaine de Caen et du Bessin, entre Caen et Bayeux, dénommés localement « fermes-manoirs », forme d’habitat élitaire caractéristique de ce secteur de Basse-Normandie, dont les exemples en élévation renvoient essentiellement aux xvie-xviie s., avec des parties plus anciennes, des tours notamment, renvoyant au second Moyen Âge.
Rumi, pierres des Andes
Authors: Charlier Zeineddine Laurence
Published: July 2024

Ce texte étudie les relations que les membres des communautés agropastorales aymaras des Andes boliviennes (Nord-Potosi) nouent avec les pierres (rumi). Menée à travers le prisme des saillances lithiques, la recherche restitue la diversité des pierres dans les classifications vernaculaires : il existe plusieurs catégories de pierres (bornes, pierres des vallées, pierres sphériques, pierres à compassion, pierres que l’on ne peut pas effriter, pierres phaxsima, pierres blanches…) et en leur sein plusieurs individus avec leurs particularités propres. Le texte montre que : 1) En raison du caractère éminemment contextuel des saillances, les pierres peuvent appartenir à plusieurs catégories rendant impossible la construction d’une classification en arbre. 2) La singularité des pierres est relationnelle : elle tient à des qualités du matériau mises en action dans le cadre d’une relation avec d’autres agents, humains ou non.
Bendegó, la météorite qui a traversé le Brésil
Authors: Bethônico Mabe
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente une biographie de la météorite Bendegó, trouvée dans le sertão brésilien. Son transport vers Rio de Janeiro a pris l’allure d’une épopée à partir de 1888. Elle a emprunté des chemins de traverse pendant quatre mois avant de rejoindre Rio de Janeiro par bateau et par train, attirant les foules jusqu’à son arrivée au Musée national. Quand celui-ci fut ravagé par les flammes deux cents ans plus tard, Bendegó (re)devint une gloire nationale, rare survivante de ce désastre culturel. Si son transport auxix
e siècle était une stratégie de développement scientifique et de rayonnement international, la météorite est devenue le triste témoin de l’histoire d’une négligence envers la science et la mémoire.
Vivant aux pieds d’argile
Authors: Zeineddine Laurence Charlier , Floc’h Erwan , de Sagazan Olivier , Wahl David
Published: July 2024

L’anthropologue Laurence Charlier Zeineddine a rencontré Olivier de Sagazan, sculpteur performeur, David Wahl, écrivain performeur et Erwan Floc’h, photographe. Dans Nos cœurs en terre, création du festival d’Avignon en 2021, ils ont expérimenté des rapports sensoriels à l’argile singuliers. Olivier de Sagazan recouvre, façonne et sculpte David Wahl avec de l’argile jusqu’à le transformer en montagne. Les photographies d’Erwan Floc’h qui composent ce portfolio manifestent le propos qui a lieu lors du spectacle : rendre compte de la relation intime entre les humains et le minéral. Le portfolio rend compte de la réflexion des performeurs et du photographe sur les qualités particulières de l’argile qui émergent des rencontres sensorielles que chacun expérimente aboutissant à une réflexion sur l’argile et le vivant.
Streamlining Public Sector Human Resource Recruitment and Selection Processes Through Digitalisation
Authors: Poshai Leon , Intauno Kudakwashe
Published: July 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has had a profound impact on technological advancements in different development sectors around the world through digitalisation. In public sector human resource management, particularly in the areas of recruitment and selection of employees, the deployment of technology has enabled human resource managers to eliminate physical interactions in the processes of hiring employees through the digitalisation of the human resource management function. Through a desktop review methodology, which is anchored on the conceptual content analysis technique, this chapter argues that the digitalisation of recruitment and selection processes has created opportunities to curb challenges such as bureaucratic delays, nepotism and corruption which undermine fairness in the hiring processes. However, as the chapter reveals, challenges such as underdeveloped technological infrastructure, resistance to change, lack of digital literacy skills and the digital divide continue to plague the efforts to digitalise recruitment and selection processes in public sector institutions in African bureaucracies.
Examining the Challenges of Adopting Modern Technologies in Public Sector Human Resource Management
Authors: Sani Standa , Mandina Siphiwe Plaxedes
Published: July 2024

HRM in the public sector is undergoing digital transformation, presenting opportunities and challenges. This chapter examines ethical considerations, strategic planning, teamwork, monitoring, and adaptation. It addresses algorithmic bias, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and fairness. The digital divide and equal access are crucial. Interagency collaboration and compatibility enable effective information exchange. Ongoing monitoring and adaptability maximize technology usage and employee satisfaction. Recruitment, Onboarding, Performance Management, and Engagement Technologies are explored. Communication, change leadership, and legal factors are highlighted. This chapter provides a roadmap for successful digital transformation, encompassing ethics, collaboration, inclusivity, and technology integration.
The Impact of Talent Retention and Management Practices on Service Delivery Outcomes in the South African Public Service
Authors: Nzimakwe Thokozani Ian , Mbele Sindy Olive
Published: July 2024

Talent management requires the identification of talented employees who work in the organisation. The South African public service continues to have a high concentration of an ageing workforce within its management and leadership occupational levels which poses a risk to business continuity. Poor recruitment practices linked to political interference have led to the appointment of inadequate leaders in key positions thus stifling leadership potential and service delivery outcomes. The South African public service aims to develop talent for service excellence which drives all talent-related initiatives within the organisation. This chapter explores variables such as compliance with regulatory provisions, talent acquisition, talent development, employee performance, digital hiring, digital workforce and succession planning, and digital transformation. Digital transformation influences human resource factors and contributes to enhancing productivity.
Talent Management in the Digital Age
Authors: Mapuranga Raymond , Mukuze Kebiat , Maravanyika Abigail
Published: July 2024

Using the integrative literature review as the research methodology, this chapter explores the role of technology in talent management within the public sector, specifically focusing on recruitment and retention strategies. The chapter highlights the unique challenges faced by public sector organizations in talent acquisition and retention, such as limited budgets, bureaucratic processes, and the perception of a less dynamic work environment. The chapter revealed that various technologies can be utilized to improve recruitment efforts in the public sector including the use of applicant tracking systems, online job portals, and social media platforms. The study concluded that technology could contribute to talent retention in the public sector through the role of digital platforms in fostering employee engagement, facilitating knowledge sharing and collaboration, and providing continuous learning opportunities. Lastly, the chapter provides practical recommendations for public sector organizations looking to leverage technology for recruitment and retention.
Vitamin B Deficiency
Authors: Gayatri T. , Sony Vadarevu
Published: July 2024

Vitamin B, often referred to as the vitamin B complex, encompasses a group of water-soluble vitamins that play crucial roles in various physiological processes essential for human health. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the individual B vitamins, including thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). Each vitamin is discussed in detail, covering its biochemical functions, dietary sources, recommended intake, metabolism, and associated health benefits. Emphasis is placed on the synergistic interactions among the B vitamins and their involvement in energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and maintenance of neurological function. Furthermore, the chapter explores the consequences of B vitamin deficiencies, ranging from fatigue and weakness to severe neurological disorders and birth defects.
Folic Acid Deficiency
Authors: Yingngam Bancha
Published: July 2024

Folic acid deficiency, a critical global health issue, significantly impacts various population groups, particularly pregnant women and individuals with dietary restrictions. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of folic acid deficiency, focusing on its epidemiology, causes, and clinical manifestations, including megaloblastic anemia and developmental complications. It underscores the crucial role of folic acid in human physiology, notably in DNA synthesis and repair. Additionally, the chapter discusses the complex nature of folic acid deficiency, which encompasses dietary inadequacies, malabsorption issues, and medication interactions, and confronts the challenges in diagnosis. Management strategies such as dietary modifications, supplementation, and public health policies, including fortification, are thoroughly examined. In conclusion, a multifaceted approach is vital for mitigating the impact of folic acid deficiency and enhancing health outcomes.
Iodine Deficiency
Authors: Dhal Samanta Sumitra , Nayak Ajanta , Pongen Imkongtenla , Choudhary Meenakshi
Published: July 2024

Iodine deficiency is one of the major global public health concerns, which is even placed as one of the indicators under global reference list of World Health Organization (WHO) for school age children. Iodine is a vital trace element present in thyroid hormones. It works as a catalyst for many body processes. Its deficiency has multiple adverse health effects as well as abnormalities which are considered as the vital causes of preventable cognitive impairment among children. Though iodine is available amply in nature, still, lots of people in many parts of the world suffer from iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) for which WHO has recommended universal salt iodization policy for the countries to prevent iodine deficiency.
Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Lakshmi Vajja , Bandi Kalyani
Published: July 2024

Zinc is an essential mineral for human health. It is relatively abundant in nature, yet at the same time, overwhelming data suggest that zinc deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Zinc is involved in many aspects of cellular metabolism. It is required for the catalytic activity of hundreds of enzymes, and it plays a role in enhancing immune function, protein and DNA synthesis, wound healing, cell signaling and division. The processes that maintain zinc homeostasis are absorption of zinc from the diet, excretion into the gastrointestinal tract, and reabsorption in the gastrointestinal lumen. Because zinc has many functions throughout the body, zinc deficiency affects many different tissues and organs. The diet may not necessarily be low in zinc, but its bioavailability plays a major role in its absorption. Four main intervention strategies for combating zinc deficiency include dietary modification/diversification, supplementation, fortification, and bio-fortification.
Health-Promoting Factors of Human Milk Across Lifespan
Authors: Azraida Hajar , Baslam Abdelmounaim , Laadraoui Jawad , Kabdy Hamid , Loukid Mohamed , Aboufatima Rachida , Chait Abderrahman
Published: July 2024

Maternal milk intake during infancy is a fundamental aspect of child nutrition, with significant implications for long-term health outcomes. This chapter explores the importance of breastfeeding and the nutritional benefits of breast milk for optimal growth, immune function, and cognitive development in infants. Despite the established advantages, various challenges hinder breastfeeding initiation and continuation rates, including inadequate support systems and cultural barriers. Strategies for promoting and supporting breastfeeding, such as community education initiatives and workplace accommodations, are discussed. By emphasizing the critical role of maternal milk intake, this chapter aims to empower stakeholders to advocate for breastfeeding as a cornerstone of maternal and child health, ensuring the best start in life for future generations.
Application of Lean-Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies to Reduce Industrial Waste in an Electronics Industry of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Sanchez Corona Ana Laura A. L. , Navarro González Carlos Raúl C. N. , Arrendondo Robledo Verónica V. A. , Mendoza  Muñoz Ismael I. M. , Sauceda Meza Israel I. S. , Lopez Badilla Gustavo G. L. , Cardenas Robles Arili , Marquez Gonzalez Jesus , González Toxqui Cicerón
Published: July 2024

This chapter evaluates the relation of the lean manufacturing (LM) and sustainable manufacturing (SM) to determine the grade level of the lean-sustainable manufacturing relation (LSMR), evaluating the industrial waste reduction, as one of the seven pillars of the LM and the adequate waste management, as one basic characteristic of the SM. This investigation was made in three steps in an electronic industry installed in the Mexicali city, being (1) an evaluation of the industrial waste in the manufacturing areas; (2) design, development, and application as a pilot test of a new automatized device in industrial operations that generates the major quantity of defective products as industrial waste; and (3) a correlation analysis applying the ANOVA test and the Cronbach's Alpha analysis to validate the LSMR as the sustainable practices. The productivity and quality indices increased with these relevant aspects, along this investigation process. This scientific study was made in 2022.
Green Human Resource Management
Authors: Martínez-Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Millán-Tudela Luis A.
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the influence of green human resource management (GHRM) on the environmental achievements (green performance, GP) of Spanish wineries, examining how employee wellbeing (EW) plays a mediating role. To refine the analysis, factors like age, size, and affiliation with protected designation of origin (PDO) areas are considered. Utilizing a model informed by prior research, the study analyses data from 196 Spanish wineries, collected from September 2022 to January 2023, through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results highlight a robust, positive correlation between GHRM initiatives and wineries' GP, with EW acting as a significant intermediary. This research stands out for several reasons: it broadens the comprehension of GHRM benefits, marks the first detailed exploration of GHRM's effect on GP specifically within Spanish wineries, and is pioneering in investigating EW's mediating influence on the GHRM-GP link.
A Smart Agronomy
Authors: Ramakrishnappa Chandra Prabha , Singh Seema
Published: July 2024

The main part of the agriculture process is the timely detection of leaf diseases to have a healthy growth. In routine implementation, the identification of diseases is realized either by manual or laboratory testing. Physical testing involves few expertise and results could vary from individuals which can result in false interpretation while the latter requires extra time and might not be able to deliver the production, due to which the spread of disease gradually increases. Hence an automated system is required for the identification and classification of the disease. This chapter intends leaf sickness detection and recognition by applying deep learning for two data split ratios. The classification task is performed using Alex-net, a pre-trained architecture. The data set has three categories of leaf disease, namely, bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and leaf blast, each consisting of 40 infected images. The proposed architecture classifies the diseases into three categories. The comparison study for various performance metrics—such as recall, precision, and specificity—is measured.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven IoT (AIIoT)-Based Agriculture Automation
Authors: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat
Published: July 2024

The fusion of IoT and AI encompasses given rise to a new concept - artificial intelligence driven IoT (AIIoT). AIIoT is the intersection of AI and IoT, where AI algorithms are used to assess the data collected by IoT devices, improving their effectiveness and intelligence. AIIoT-based agriculture has become the outcome of the new opportunities for agricultural automation that this technology has made possible. Agriculture automation powered by AI and IoT is revolutionising the sector. It could lead to higher output, lower expenses, and better sustainability. The need for food will only grow as by 2050, it is expected that there will be 9.7 billion people on the planet. In addition to meeting this demand, AIIoT-based agricultural automation can help with resource scarcity and climate change issues.
Evaluation of the Inter-Building Effect on Energy Saving Potential of Radiative Cooling Materials
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Jia Yu , Luo Xiao Wei
Published: July 2024

Buildings in the urban area have huge decarbonization potential by applying novel energy-saving technologies. Recently, radiative cooling materials have drawn much attention for their refrigerant-free and energy-free properties in reducing energy consumption. However, the complicated geometry and configuration of artificial structures in urban areas can significantly limit the actual application of radiative material. One limitation is the inter-building effect with shading on buildings. Therefore, this study developed a fast solar irradiation generator on buildings' envelope, and radiative materials' energy-saving potential was evaluated on buildings' wall areas with different irradiation strengths. A case study showed that radiative materials have higher cooling performance on the wall area with solar irradiation larger than 30 Wh/m2.
Development of Hygrothermal Reference Year for Hygrothermal Simulation of Hygroscopic Building Construction for Guangzhou
Authors: Huang Zu Jian , Zhao Yang
Published: July 2024

For developing a hygrothermal reference year (HRY) to support the hygrothermal simulation of hygroscopic building construction in Guangzhou, a typical hot-humid city located in south China, the study first clarifies the correlation between the hygrothermal simulation results and the meteorological elements based on a 10-year baseline simulation with the hourly meteorological source data series obtained from the city weather station (CWS, from 2010 to 2019), then develops the HRY with consideration to typical construction conditions, and finally evaluates the representativeness of HRY. It shows that the simulation results of HVAC demand, indoor hygrothermal environment and exterior walls moisture content are significantly correlated with the air temperature Te, relative humidity RHe, and the normal rain RN. Based on this correlation, Te.mean, RHe.mean and RNsum are used as the indexes for selecting typical months from the source data series, which are then spliced to generate the HRY. A parallel simulation comparison among four model groups accordingly with HRY, CWS as well as two commonly used meteorological data, Meteo and epw, as outdoor climate conditions, shows that the curve similarity of monthly simulation results between the HRY model group and the CWS group has been significantly improved, and the annual simulation results of the HRY group are also in good agreement with the CWS group.
Endometriotic Tissue–derived Exosomes Downregulate NKG2D-mediated Cytotoxicity and Promote Apoptosis: Mechanisms for Survival of Ectopic Endometrial Tissue in Endometriosis
Authors: Björk Emma , Israelsson Pernilla , Nagaev Ivan , Nagaeva Olga , Lundin Eva , Ottander Ulrika , Mincheva-Nilsson Lucia
Published: July 2024

Endometriosis, affecting 10% of women, is defined as implantation, survival, and growth of endometrium-like/endometriotic tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing inflammation, infertility, pain, and susceptibility to ovarian cancer. Despite extensive studies, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood and largely unknown. The prevailing view is that the immune system of endometriosis patients fails to clear ectopically disseminated endometrium from retrograde menstruation. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that exhibit immunomodulatory properties. We studied the role of endometriotic tissue–secreted exosomes in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Two exosome-mediated mechanisms known to impair the immune response were investigated: 1) downregulation of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity and 2) FasL- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis of activated immune cells. We showed that secreted endometriotic exosomes isolated from supernatants of short-term explant cultures carry the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3 and the proapoptotic molecules FasL and TRAIL on their surface, i.e., signature molecules of exosome-mediated immune suppression. Acting as decoys, these exosomes downregulate the NKG2D receptor, impair NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity, and induce apoptosis of activated PBMCs and Jurkat cells through the FasL- and TRAIL pathway. The secreted endometriotic exosomes create an immunosuppressive gradient at the ectopic site, forming a “protective shield” around the endometriotic lesions. This gradient guards the endometriotic lesions against clearance by a cytotoxic attack and creates immunologic privilege by induction of apoptosis in activated immune cells. Taken together, our results provide a plausible, exosome-based mechanistic explanation for the immune dysfunction and the compromised immune surveillance in endometriosis and contribute novel insights into the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.
Cutting Edge: Redundant Roles for MHC Class II–, CD1d-, and MR1-restricted T Cells in Clearing Bartonella Infection
Authors: Siewert Lena K , Fromm Katja , Dehio Christoph , Pinschewer Daniel D
Published: July 2024

The importance of unconventional T cells for mucosal immunity is firmly established but for systemic bacterial infection remains less well defined. In this study, we explored the role of various T cell subsets in murine Bartonella infection, which establishes persistent bacteremia unless controlled by antibacterial Abs. We found that αβ T cells are essential for Ab production against and clearance of B. taylorii, whereas MHC class I (MHC-I)- or MHC class II (MHC-II)-deficient mice eliminated B. taylorii infection with normal kinetics. Similarly, animals lacking either CD1d or MR1 suppressed bacteremia with normal kinetics. Interestingly, mice with a combined deficiency of either MHC-II and CD1d or MHC-II and MR1 failed to clear the infection, indicating that the combination of CD1d- and MR1-restricted T cells can compensate for the lack of MHC-II in this model. Our data document a previously underappreciated contribution of unconventional T cells to the control of systemic bacterial infection, supposedly as helper cells for antibacterial Ab production.
Comparative study between corticosteroids and colchicine effect on interleukin-6 and Krebs-von-den Lungen-6 in treatment of post covid pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bedir Mohamed A. E. G. , Elemery Fawzy A. E. , Elghafar Mohamed T. A. , Torky Mohamed
Published: July 2024

Background

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) involve a diverse range of over 200 lung disorders, constituting a vast group of diseases. This study aimed to compare Corticosteroids and Colchicine in the treatment of post-covid pulmonary fibrosis (PC19-PF) through the assessment of effects of these drugs on some biomarkers as interleukin-6 (IL6) and Krebs-von-den Lungen-6 (KL6).

Method

This randomized controlled study was carried out 30 patients with PC19-PF and 10 healthy volunteers. All patients were randomly classified into four equal groups: group 1: received corticosteroids in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Group 2: received colchicine in the dose of 500 µg/12 h for 1 month. Group 3: received both corticosteroids in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and colchicine in the dose of 500µg/12 h for 1 month. Group 4: healthy volunteers.

Results

A 45 pg/ml was the cut off value used to demonstrate the effect of treatment on serum IL6 in studied PC19-PF patients, with a sensitivity of 77% and 70% specificity. 180 U/ml was the cut off value used to demonstrate the effect of treatment on serum KL6, serum KL6 levels provide sensitivity of 67% and 70% specificity for the effect of treatment on serum KL6. The decrease in serum IL6 and KL6 after treatment was in group 3, followed by group 1 then group 2.

Conclusion

Prednisolone and colchicine were better than prednisolone alone in treatment of PC19-PF and colchicine alone showed slight improvement.
‘Evaluation of occupational and nonoccupational interstitial lung disease in railway workers’
Authors: Mostafa Islam M. , Salem Gamal , Kader Maryam A. A. , Ruby Dina
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Occupational lung diseases include a wide variety of respiratory diseases with clinical manifestations and diagnostic test results that have features similar to nonoccupational diseases.

Aim

To determine the prevalence of occupational Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) among confirmed ILD patients admitted to the chest department of Egyptian Railway Medical Centre and the assessment of the outcome.

Patients and methods

A total of 155 patients with confirmed ILD, were subdivided into two groups: group (A) 79 patients with occupational exposure and group (B) 76 patients with nonoccupational exposure. Both groups were subjected to a detailed history, radiological assessment, arterial blood gases, and Spirometry. Data of days of hospital stay were also recorded.

Results

The prevalence of confirmed cases of ILD among occupational exposure was 1.49% versus 1.1% in the nonoccupational. Range of age in occupational group was between (31and 68 years). Chest X ray (CXR) findings were positive in 58.2% and 30.2% of occupational and nonoccupational group, respectively. Among group (A), 47.1% of the patients stayed between 11 and 15 days), 15.76% admitted to ICU, and 5.2% were mechanically ventilated. While 48% of hospitalized nonoccupational patients stayed between 6 and 10 days, 8% were admitted to ICU and 4% were mechanically ventilated.

Conclusion

The prevalence of interstitial lung diseases with occupational exposure was 1.49%, higher than non-occupational interstitial lung diseases. They were younger in age, had history of domiciliary oxygen therapy, frequent exacerbations, and previous hospital admissions. They had prolonged length of hospital stay, particularly those not using protective measures.
Causes and factors of death in the Pulmonology Department in Abidjan
Authors: Samake Kadiatou , Konéa Zakaria , Daixa Ahou Thomas Joseph , Kilankoa Grace Esther , Aholiaa Cyriaque Valencia , Bakayoko Alimata Sandia , Domouaa Kouao Medard Serge
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Respiratory diseases constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The objective of our study was to identify the causes and factors associated with the death of patients in the Pulmonology Department of the Treichville University Hospital.

Patients and methods

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing patients who died while hospitalized in the Pneumology Department of Treichville University Hospital between April 2019 and April 2020.

Results

The study covered 514 files, including 177 deaths, representing an overall mortality of 34.4%. There were 109 men and 68 women with an average age of 45.20 years. The main antecedents were HIV infection (42.18%) and tuberculosis (38.1%). The main causes of death were pulmonary tuberculosis (49.69%), pneumocystosis (20.75%), and bacterial pneumonia (18.87%). Severe anemia (53.68%) and severe renal failure (19.85%) were the biological abnormalities associated with pulmonary pathologies. In univariate analysis, the factors associated with deaths were age less than 25 years, HIV seropositivity, nonmedical access to the service, self-medication, the presence of signs of initial clinical and radiological severity, a diagnosis of tuberculosis and neoplastic pathology, also the existence of difficulties during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis revealed HIV infection [odds ratio (OR)=1.46, confidence interval (CI)=0.27–0.77, P=0.003], diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (OR=1.51, CI=0.30–0.87, P=0.01), the presence of signs of clinical severity (OR=1.20, CI=0.09–0.42, P=0.00) and initial radiological severity (OR=1.27, CI=0.11–0.64, P=0.003) and the presence of difficulties during hospitalization (OR=1.16, CI=0.05–0.54, P=0.003).

Conclusion

Mortality remains high in pulmonology hospitalizations. Currently, tuberculosis and HIV infection are the main causes of death. Efforts to combat these two conditions must be strengthened by taking into account these factors associated with deaths.
Venous thromboembolism during three muslim pilgrimage seasons
Authors: Noorwali Abdulsalam A. , Alharthi Bader J. , Elgamal Essam A. , Elrefaey Wael A. , Ghita Ibrahim S. , Badr Omaima I.
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially fatal condition for which prompt recognition, risk assessment and appropriate treatment must be implemented to reduce mortality and morbidity. This study was planned to analyze all cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) admitted to the tertiary care hospital during three successive Muslim hajj seasons.

Methods

A prospective observational study that included 135 patients of which 65 patients were with deep vein thrombosis (DVT group), 50 patients were with pulmonary embolism (PE group) and 20 patients were with concomitant DVT and PE (DVT/PE group). All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory, and radiological studies.

Results

The presentation with hemodynamic compromise and the percentage of mortality were more in patients with DVT/ PE compared to patients with PE alone. The patients in the DVT group had the highest D-dimer and triglyceride levels. The patients in the PE group had the most severe tachypnea and the highest values of cardiac biomarkers and aminotransferases. The patients in the DVT/PE group had the most rapid average pulse, the lowest average blood pressure, and the lowest oxygen saturation.

Conclusions

The presentations with DVT or DVT/PE were more in females and presentation with PE without DVT was more in males. Hajjis with VTE presented with less frequent symptoms, more overt clinical signs, more hemodynamic compromise and overall mortality compared to other studies. The study information may encourage the designated health authorities to raise awareness and implement VTE preventive measures during pilgrimage season.
Personality Traits and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Individuals with Internet Use Disorder - A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aggarwal Sonali , Arun Priti , Mehta Shivangi
Published: July 2024

Aim:

The aim is to evaluate the association of personality traits, online activities, and psychiatric comorbidities with the Internet use disorder.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 481 professional college students (18–25 years) pursuing graduation. Participants responded to an online questionnaire consisting of Young’s Internet addiction test, Internet Gaming Disorder scale-short form, Big Five inventory and behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system scales (BIS/BAS) scales, and subsequent in-clinic evaluation using MINI 7.0.2 questionnaire.

Results:

Of 481 college students, 175 (36.38%) had Internet use disorder. Of these, 115 were found to have mild, 57 moderate, and 3 severe Internet use disorders with a mean age of 20.85 ± 1.84 years and sex ratio of M:F: 0.9:1. The prevalence of Internet gaming disorder was found to be 0.42%. On multivariate logistic regression, use of chat rooms (odds ratio [OR] - 1.24), instant messaging (OR - 1.33), Internet gaming (OR - 1.25), and recreational surfing (OR - 1.25) were independent predictors for Internet use disorder. Among the personality traits, on multivariate logistic regression, neuroticism (OR - 1.06) and openness to experience (OR - 1.09) were positive predictors for the presence of Internet use disorder and moderate–severe Internet use, while conscientiousness (OR - 0.87) was negative predictor. 19.4% (34/175) of students had psychiatric comorbidities (1 comorbidity – 21 students, >1 comorbidities – 13 students); the most common being major depression (alone or in combination).

Conclusions:

In this study, neuroticism and openness to experience were found to be predictors of Internet use disorder as well as moderate–severe Internet use. In addition, the use of chat rooms, instant messaging, online gaming, and recreational surfing was associated with higher Internet use disorder. A large proportion of psychiatric comorbidities with Internet use disorder were found.
A Single Large Center Experience of Medically Treating Impending Compartment Syndrome of Tibia with Deflazacort
Authors: Singh Chanchal Kumar , Khare Ghanshyam Narayan , Agrawal Prabhanjan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare condition characterized by increased pressure in the closed compartments of the limbs resulting in ischemic tissue necrosis. Most of the patients present following limb fractures. Apart from surgical options such as fasciotomy, which has inherent complication of myonecrosis and severe infection, conservative management with corticosteroids hasshown to be useful. We conducted this study to understand the changes in intra-compartment pressures in ACS after regular monitoring following corticosteroids treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive patients of ACS following closed fractures lower limb fractures of tibia or fibula from June 2021 to February 2022 were included. The intra-compartment pressure was measured using a manometer at the time of presentation and after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of treatment with tab Deflazacort 6 mg × 1 Tablet × Tds. The efficacy of treatment was assessed on the basis of changes in intra-compartmental pressure and improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of ACS.

Results:

The study included 60 patients, most (63.3%) suffering from fracture of proximal tibia or fibula (36.7%), presenting with ACS. The mean age was 32.4 ± 8.6 years and most (53%) were males. We observed a statistically significant change (P < 0.05) in the intra-compartment pressures from the baseline to 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after corticosteroid treatment. None of these patients suffered from ischemic necrosis or any other complication of ACS.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that the timely diagnosis of ACS in patients with lower limb fractures and early initiation of conservative management with corticosteroids can be a mainstay of treatment in these patients. This conservative approach can avoid surgical intervention and reduce the cost of management.
Goldenhar Syndrome in a 9-year-old Patient – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Rahnuma Zarrin , Dimpleja J. , Haris Mishal Muhammad , Biswas Anirban , Roychowdhury Somen , Mondal Prosanta
Published: July 2024

The complex and rare condition known as Goldenhar syndrome (GHS) is characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, ear abnormalities, ocular dermoid and vertebral problems, and hemi facial macrosomia. The age of the patient and any systemic clinical manifestations will determine the treatment plan, which frequently calls for a multidisciplinary approach. This case study details a 9-year-old boy who presented to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dr R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, with ear tags, ocular dermoid, and mandibular hypoplasia. The diagnosis was made using mainly the clinical features. Since GHS is a developmental disorder that can affect a patient’s quality of life in many areas, treatment must begin as soon as the child is born.
Assessment of Knowledge, Practice, and Perception about Social Media in Dentistry among Dental Students at Chengalpattu District: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Keerthana G. , Indrapriyadharshini K. , Subraman Vishnu Prasad , Keerthana S. , Jagadeson Mahesh , Ravi Karthikayan , Revanth M. P.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Social media has brought incredible changes in recent times due to expanding online technological aspects which help health-care professionals to utilize them to improve patient health outcomes. It acts as an effective mode of communication for dentists to interact with patients around the globe which builds up good doctor–patient relationships. Furthermore, social media has become an abundant source of health-care patient information and acts as an excellent resource to promote health education among people.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, practice, and perception of social media in dentistry among dental students and to identify the common social media platform used by dental students to share their online dental-related posts and further evaluate their perception toward usage of social media as a tool for dental practice to share information about dental-related diseases.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey using self-constructed questionnaires among the undergraduate and postgraduate students at Karapaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences over 6 months, from July 15, 2023 to January 15, 2024. Participants’ consent was sought and ethical approval was received from the Ethical Review Committee.

Results:

About 71.6% of the postgraduates, 68.8% of interns, and 49.45% of final-year undergraduates responded that dentistry should have an online presence with a statistically significant value of P = 0.007. The majority of about 75.3% of the postgraduates accepted that social media is effective in dental practice. This states that postgraduates contribute to higher knowledge and have adequate practice in using social media in dentistry which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The present study identified that postgraduates contribute more in the count for sharing sufficient knowledge and also practice in using social media in dentistry. This study explains that it is the responsibility of dentists to educate patients more about utilizing social media as a key to gaining knowledge about dental diseases and treatment procedures.

Clinical Significance:

This study aims to identify the need for dentists to know more about the utilization of social media in dentistry to promote dental health education and to help the general population acquire knowledge about various dental diseases and their treatment procedures.
Tooth-Supported Overdenture – Preventive Prosthodontics to Redeem Ridge Resorption
Authors: Koul Rishu , Verma Sahil , Kalia Deepak , Verma Kamal
Published: July 2024

This case series elaborates on tooth-supported overdenture for prosthetic rehabilitation as a treatment modality in partially edentulous patients. Loss of teeth causes continuous ridge resorption and poor denture foundation affecting the success of prosthesis. Retained natural teeth act as abutments for prosthetic rehabilitation of partial edentulous arches. Tooth-supported overdenture is the mainstay of preventive prosthodontics which preserves natural teeth and/or roots. The cases describe the use of tooth-supported complete overdenture and removable partial overdenture with metal denture base to rehabilitate partially edentulous arches. The natural teeth maintain proprioception and provide additional support, stability, retention, and psychological benefit to the patient than the conventional complete denture with completely edentulous ridges.
Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Epidemiology of Early Childhood Caries in Nigeria
Authors: Aborisade Adetayo O. , Okolo Chizoba Chineme , Oguchi Chikaodi O. , Alalade Olusegun
Published: July 2024

Background:

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent dental condition among children under six years, characterized by tooth decay linked to microbial interaction with sugary substances. ECC poses significant health risks, including pain, infections, and tooth loss, impacting oral health and overall well-being.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the epidemiology of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Nigeria. The study seeks to consolidate existing literature, assess study quality, and analyze data on ECC prevalence, distribution, and severity across different regions of Nigeria.

Methods:

Following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and African Journals Online were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria encompass cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting ECC prevalence in healthy Nigerian children under six. Data extraction will utilize standardized protocols, focusing on WHO criteria such as dmft scores and caries severity. Quality assessment will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies.

Results:

Initial searches identified a scarcity of comprehensive studies, predominantly from southern Nigeria, highlighting the absence of national-level data on ECC in Nigeria. Data synthesis will explore geographic and demographic factors influencing ECC prevalence and severity, aiming to provide a holistic understanding of the disease burden.

Conclusion:

This review addresses the critical gap in ECC epidemiology within Nigeria, aiming to inform targeted interventions and policy decisions. By synthesizing available data, the study aims to contribute towards improving oral health outcomes among Nigerian children.
Impact of COVID-19 on Dental Surgeons in Kerala: A Cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Mohanan Moopil Midhun , Jayasree S. , Nishad N. T. , Palottil Abdu Semeer , Mohanan T. V. Soumya
Published: July 2024

Background:

This cross-sectional study among dentists in Kerala assessed the COVID-19 prevalence and severity, vaccination status, and medication usage in August 2022.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire was created to assess the impact of COVID-19 on dental surgeons in Kerala. This questionnaire had 19 questions with multiple choices which were converted into Google Forms and distributed among the dentists residing in Kerala.

Results:

A total of 650 dentists responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 76.4%. As of August 2022, the prevalence of COVID-19 among Kerala dentists was found to be 33.23%. 60.7% of positive dentists were either asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms. 99% had received at least one vaccine dose, mainly Covishield. The prevalence of COVID-19 positivity was higher among dentists with postgraduate degrees (47.4%) in comparison with participants holding only BDS degrees.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of COVID-19 among practicing dentists was 33.23%. All dentists were vaccinated and used good preventive measures.
Reason for Preference of Toothpaste among Buyers – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Vijayakumar Priyadharshini , Mahesh J. , Prasad S. Vishnu , Indrapriyadharshni G. , Karthikeyan R. , Revanth M. P.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The most efficient method to prevent dental disease is by maintaining proper oral hygiene. The most commonly and widely used oral hygiene aids are toothbrush and toothpaste. This questionnaire aims to assess, analyze, and associate the reason for preference of toothpaste among buyers.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1022 participants. A combined 12 questionnaire (open and close ended) was framed along with demographic data and distributed through Google Forms. It was validated for content validity and reliability. The data were compiled and subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses.

Results:

Among 1022 participants, 48.6% participants choose their toothpaste by themselves and they were not using toothpaste according to their oral problems. Only 6% use dentist-recommended toothpaste and 57.7% choose low-cost toothpastes. There was a poor significant association between the preference of toothpaste and their purpose or oral problem with P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

Even though there are different kinds of toothpaste available in the market according to oral health problem people still does not consider it important still choose toothpaste based on interest and choice. Less consumers use dentist-recommended toothpaste.