bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing overdose after release from incarceration (ROAR): study protocol for an intervention to reduce risk of fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose among women after release from prison
Authors: Waddell Elizabeth Needham , Baker Robin , Hartung Daniel M. , Hildebran Christi J. , Nguyen Thuan , Collins Deza’Rae M. , Larsen Jessica E. , Stack Erin ,   the ROAR Protocol Development Team, Bialas Tina , Bielavitz Sarann , Gregg Jessica , Korthuis P. Todd , Kunkel Lynn , Lee Joshua D. , Leichtling Gillian , Meyer Dawnell L. , Nichols Ceilidh , Wiest Katharina
Published: July 2020

Background

Drug overdose is the leading cause of death after release from prison, and this risk is significantly higher among women compared to men. Within the first 2 weeks after release, the risk of death from drug overdose is 12.7 times higher than the general population, with risk of death further elevated among females. Although female inmates have higher rates of opioid use disorder and post-release overdose fatality, justice-involved women are under-represented in studies of medications for opioid use disorder. The Reducing Overdose After Release from Incarceration (ROAR) pilot intervention and evaluation (recruitment June 2019 through December 2020) aims to reduce opioid overdose among women released to the community following incarceration in state prison. The evaluation further assesses induction, acceptance and effectiveness of extended release naltrexone in a female post-prison population.

Methods/design

In the week prior to their release, female adults in custody with moderate to severe opioid use disorder start treatment with extended release naltrexone, an injectable opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids for up to 1 month. All ROAR participants receive training to use naloxone rescue kits and are provided nasal naloxone at release. Ongoing support from a certified recovery mentor to facilitate sustained engagement with treatment for substance use disorders begins in the month prior to release from prison and continues for 6 months in community. We evaluate the association between ROAR participation and the primary outcome of opioid overdose.

Using administrative data provided by the Oregon Department of Corrections and the Oregon Health Authority, we compare the odds of overdose among ROAR participants versus a comparison group of females released from prison during the study period. Evaluation activities in community includes survey and qualitative interviews for 6 months post release, as well as a review of clinic records to assess retention on medication among the pilot cohort (N = 100).

Discussion

ROAR is a collaboration between Oregon’s public health, criminal justice, and medical communities. The ROAR intervention and evaluation provide critical information on improving interventions to prevent opioid overdose and improve retention on treatment in community in an overlooked, high-risk population: incarcerated women re-entering the community.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials.gov TRN: NCT03902821.
Molecular identification of CNS NB-FOXR2, CNS EFT-CIC, CNS HGNET-MN1 and CNS HGNET-BCOR pediatric brain tumors using tumor-specific signature genes
Authors: Łastowska Maria , Trubicka Joanna , Sobocińska Anna , Wojtas Bartosz , Niemira Magdalena , Szałkowska Anna , Krętowski Adam , Karkucińska-Więckowska Agnieszka , Kaleta Magdalena , Ejmont Maria , Perek-Polnik Marta , Dembowska-Bagińska Bożenna , Grajkowska Wiesława , Matyja Ewa
Published: July 2020

Four molecular types of rare central nervous system (CNS) tumors have been recently identified by gene methylation profiling: CNS Neuroblastoma with FOXR2 activation (CNS NB-FOXR2), CNS Ewing Sarcoma Family Tumor with CIC alteration (CNS EFT-CIC), CNS high grade neuroepithelial tumor with MN1 alteration (CNS HGNET-MN1) and CNS high grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration (CNS HGNET-BCOR). Although they are not represented in 2016 updated WHO classification of CNS tumors, their diagnostic recognition is important because of clinical consequences. We have introduced a diagnostic method based on transcription profiling of tumor specific signature genes from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks using NanoString nCounter Technology. Altogether, 14 out of 187 (7.4%) high grade pediatric brain tumors were diagnosed with either of four new CNS categories. Histopathological examination of the tumors confirmed, that they demonstrate a spectrum of morphology mimicking other CNS high grade tumors. However, they also exhibit some suggestive histopathological and immunohistochemical features that allow for a presumptive diagnosis prior to molecular assessment. Clinical characteristics of patients corroborated with the previous findings for CNS EFT-CIC, CNS NB-FOXR2 and CNS HGNET-MN1 patients, with a favorable survival rate for the latter two groups. Among six CNS HGNET-BCOR patients, three patients are long term survivors, suggesting possible heterogeneity within this molecular category of tumors. In summary, we confirmed the effectiveness of NanoString method using a single, multi-gene tumor specific signature and recommend this novel approach for identification of either one of the four newly described CNS tumor entities.
D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study
Authors: Yao Yumeng , Cao Jiatian , Wang Qingqing , Shi Qingfeng , Liu Kai , Luo Zhe , Chen Xiang , Chen Sisi , Yu Kaihuan , Huang Zheyong , Hu Bijie
Published: July 2020

Background

Over 5,488,000 cases of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been reported since December 2019. We aim to explore risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients and assess the use of D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of 248 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China from January 28 to March 08, 2020. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to explore risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Correlations of D-dimer upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff level for D-dimer that discriminated those survivors versus non-survivors during hospitalization.

Results

Multivariable regression that showed D-dimer > 2.0 mg/L at admission was the only variable associated with increased odds of mortality [OR 10.17 (95% CI 1.10–94.38), P = 0.041]. D-dimer elevation (≥ 0.50 mg/L) was seen in 74.6% (185/248) of the patients. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis were ruled out in patients with high probability of thrombosis. D-dimer levels significantly increased with increasing severity of COVID-19 as determined by clinical staging (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.374, P = 0.000) and chest CT staging (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.378, P = 0.000). In-hospital mortality rate was 6.9%. Median D-dimer level in non-survivors (n = 17) was significantly higher than in survivors (n = 231) [6.21 (3.79–16.01) mg/L versus 1.02 (0.47–2.66) mg/L, P = 0.000]. D-dimer level of > 2.14 mg/L predicted in-hospital mortality with a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 71.3% (AUC 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.92).

Conclusions

D-dimer is commonly elevated in patients with COVID-19. D-dimer levels correlate with disease severity and are a reliable prognostic marker for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19.
Plasma frequency demand for mode conversion processes from slow Z-mode to LO-mode waves in an inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Kalaee Mohammad Javad , Katoh Yuto
Published: July 2020

The mode conversion process responsible for radio wave generation has been studied for several decades; however, the properties of the condition required for an efficient conversion process are still unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the value of plasma frequency required for an efficient mode conversion process from slow Z-mode to left-hand ordinary (LO)-mode waves in the matching cases, where the two branches of the dispersion relation of the two modes are perfectly connected. We derive the dispersion relations for electromagnetic wave propagation in an inhomogeneous plasma considering Snell’s law and investigated them in detail. We quantify the minimum variation of plasma frequency required for the efficient mode conversion process, which we call “the plasma frequency demand.” We show that the condition required for the efficient mode conversion can be satisfied by waves propagating first toward the high-density region and then returning toward the low-density region before reaching the region where the wave frequency matches the cutoff frequency; therefore, a large inhomogeneity is not always required. We show that the angle between the background magnetic field and the density gradient has a significant effect on the plasma frequency demand.
Heavy shoulder strengthening exercise in people with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) and long-lasting shoulder symptoms: a feasibility study
Authors: Liaghat Behnam , Skou Søren T. , Jørgensen Uffe , Sondergaard Jens , Søgaard Karen , Juul-Kristensen Birgit
Published: July 2020

Background

People with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) are in great risk of experiencing shoulder symptoms, but evidence for treatment is sparse. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the feasibility of 16-week shoulder strengthening programme for improving shoulder strength and function in people with HSD and shoulder symptoms for more than 3 months to inform a future randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods

Twelve participants (11 females, 39.3 ± 13.9 years) with HSD and shoulder instability and/or pain for more than 3 months underwent a 16-week heavy shoulder strengthening exercise programme three times weekly using exercises targeting scapular and rotator cuff muscles. Primary outcomes were pre-defined research progression criteria including recruitment rate (acceptable, 6 participants/month), assessment duration (acceptable: < 120 min), participant retention (acceptable: > 80% complete intervention), training adherence (acceptable: > 75% adhere to > 36 training sessions) and adverse events (acceptable: minor events with no participants discontinuing the study), besides participant and physiotherapist feedback. Secondary treatment outcomes were assessed using the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI, 0–2100 better to worse), self-reported pain, kinesiophobia and fatigue, isometric shoulder strength, besides clinical tests for instability, hypermobility, laxity, and proprioception.

Results

Recruitment rate was 5.6/month, assessment duration (mean ± SD) 105 ± 9 min, retention 100%, adherence 83%, and four participants experienced short-lasting soreness or pain. Participant feedback was positive, and physiotherapists found the intervention relevant and applicable to the population. The WOSI total score showed an improvement by 51% (mean ± SD, points: baseline 1037 ± 215; Follow up 509 ± 365; mean change (95% CI), − 528 (− 738, − 318)), and participants reported reduced pain, kinesiophobia and fatigue. Shoulder strength measurements improved by 28–31% (mean change (95% CI), Nm/kg: scaption 0.51 (0.23, 0.78); internal rotation 1.32 (0.70, 1.95) and external rotation 0.89 (0.37, 1.40)), and clinical tests indicated decreased shoulder laxity/instability.

Conclusions

The shoulder strengthening exercise programme was feasible and safe for people with HSD and long-lasting shoulder symptoms. A future RCT, with an improved recruitment strategy, will demonstrate whether the exercise programme is also effective in improving symptoms and muscle-tendon function in this population.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03547570. Registered on May 3, 2018.
Identification of epiretinal proliferation in various retinal diseases and vitreoretinal interface disorders
Authors: Chehaibou Ismael , Pettenkofer Moritz , Govetto Andrea , Rabina Gilad , Sadda SriniVas R. , Hubschman Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2020

Background

To describe the presence of epiretinal proliferation in eyes with various retinal and vitreoretinal interface conditions.

Methods

Consecutive patients seen at the Stein Eye Institute, by one retina specialist, from December 2018 to March 2019, and demonstrating epiretinal proliferation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Included patients were divided into two groups: vitreoretinal interface pathologies group or retinal diseases group. Presence of epiretinal proliferation and its localization within the 9 macular sectors, as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), were assessed on OCT.

Results

77 eyes from 69 patients demonstrated epiretinal proliferation on OCT. The most frequently involved ETDRS sector was the 1-mm central subfield, followed by inner temporal and inner nasal sectors. Localization of epiretinal proliferation correlated with the presence of any retinal abnormalities in the same quadrant (r = 0.962; P < 0.0001). 31 eyes (40.3%) demonstrated symptomatic vitreoretinal interface pathologies including lamellar macular hole, full-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane and history of macular peeling. 46 eyes (59.7%) manifested various retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, refractory macular edema, vein occlusion and high myopia.

Conclusions

Epiretinal proliferation was noted in several retinal conditions and not limited only to full-thickness and lamellar macular holes. Different mechanisms affecting retinal homeostasis might trigger Müller cells dysregulation, potentially leading to abnormal retinal remodeling.
Patterns of olfactory dysfunctions in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Rashed Khaled Hussein , Bahnasy Wafik Said , El-Heneedy Yasser Abo Elfotoh , El-Seidy Ehab Ahmed Shawky , Tomoum Mohamed Osama , Eltomey Mohamed Adel , ELAhwal Shereen Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Background

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a well-established nonmotor manifestations (NMM) of Parkinson disease (PD) which needs objective assessment for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The aim of this work was quantitative and qualitative assessment of olfactory performance in newly diagnosed PD patients.

Methods

This study was performed on 32 recently diagnosed PD patients and 24 healthy controls subjects (HCS) submitted to unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale–III (UPDRS–III), extended n-butanol Sniffin’ Sticks test (SST) and olfactory bulbs volumetry (OBV).

Results

There were significant decreases in SST threshold, discrimination, identification, and TDI variables as well as OBV in PD patients compared to HCS. The olfactory performance was negatively correlated with disease duration but had no relation with PD severity as well as motor subtype.

Conclusion

OD is highly prevalent during the early stages of PD which is both measurable and specific with identification and discrimination impairments to certain odors which makes smell performance testing an important step in PD patients’ evaluation.
Effect of main frequencies on characterizing fault damage zones using forward modeling and attribute of variance
Authors: Chen Yangpu , Liao Zonghu , Fu Li-Yun , Zhou Gang , Xu Liang , Marfurt Kurt J. , Mu Xinru , Zou Huayao
Published: July 2020

Faulting processes have created large damage zones with complex structures in the field; however, estimating the width and geometry of such fault structures in the subsurface is challenging due to a lack of data. Seismic attributes (e.g., coherence and variance) from seismic surveys have been used for the characterization of faults, but most cases do not detail the effectiveness of this approach. By using forward modeling and the associated seismic attributes of variance, four fault models of idealized damage zones are characterized and the frequency effect is evaluated on the width estimation of fault damage zones in the subsurface. The main results indicate that (1) the general geometric pattern of damage zones could be identified by using simulated amplitude and seismic variance with main frequencies of 10, 25, and 40 Hz; (2) the estimated widths of damage zones at a low frequency of 10 Hz are larger (up to twofold) than those at frequencies of 25 and 40 Hz; for large damage zones (>400 m), the width is best estimated by a frequency of 25 Hz; and (3) scattering noise and diffraction around the fault are found in data at a high frequency of 40 Hz, which results in width overestimation of the damage zones by approximately 17%. The internal structures are difficult to distinguish as scattering noise and chaotic reflections dominate seismic signals. More factors that may influence the accuracy of damage zone width estimation via seismic attributes, include the bedding thickness, fracture density, and velocity. An in-depth understanding of this approach is useful in the application of seismic variance to characterize fault damage zones that may significantly control the fluid migration in the subsurface.
Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a pandemia Covid-19 entre estudantes de graduação do interior do estado Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Souza Talita Araujo de , Gomes Sávio Marcelino , Galvão Maria Helena Rodrigues , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Esse estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o conhecimento sobre a pandemia do Covid-19 entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Configura-se como um estudo transversal, do tipo pesquisa de opinião pública, realizado com estudantes dos cursos de Enfermagem, Nutrição, Psicologia e Fisioterapia do campus da UFRN no município de Santa Cruz. A amostra foi composta por os 282 estudantes, a coleta ocorreu por formulários eletrônicos no Google forms®, divulgado através das mídias sociais (WhatsApp, Facebook e Instagram). Foi realizada análise bivariada utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fischer. Os estudantes possuem um conhecimento adequado acerca da doença, a maior parte disse ter recebido orientação, conhece a paramentação adequada para prevenção, acha que sua saúde mental está prejudicada e acredita que a suspensão das aulas trará impacto no seu desenvolvimento acadêmico. A média de acertos sobre os aspectos biológicos foi de 6,57, enquanto dos aspectos epidemiológicos foi de 3,10. Não houve diferença significativa quando comparado entre os cursos. O conhecimento dos estudantes sobre o Covid-19 foi considerado regular. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade das atualizações diárias sobre a doença entre os estudantes.
Filosofia da ciência e evolução: uma contribuição ao ensino. Parte 2. O que é uma teoria?
Authors: De Figueiredo Francisco José , De Oliveira Levy Aquino
Published: July 2020

A falta de conhecimento básico em filosofia da ciência por parte de professores e alunos tem proporcionado, em diversos níveis, impedimentos quanto à assimilação de conceitos fundamentais da investigação científica, notadamente hipótese, lei, fato e teoria. Consequentemente, o ambiente social subjacente torna-se propício para a disseminação de informações falsas e a instalação de propostas pseudocientíficas. Como pré-requisito para a compreensão do metafenômeno evolutivo, conceitos básicos e outros correlatos são analisados e discutidos, com exemplos aplicados ao evolucionismo moderno.  A estrutura interna de uma teoria científica é discutida à luz de diferentes correntes de pensamento da filosofia da ciência contemporânea e a legitimidade da teoria evolutiva é avaliada.  Categorizações das ciências são apresentadas e discutidas com ênfase na questão da historicidade. Assume-se que o conflito entre ciência e religião pode ser atribuído à falta de distinção explícita entre linguagens literal e simbólica; as duas formas de aquisição de conhecimento possuem caminhos e objetivos diferentes e podem conviver em regime de iluminação recíproca em sociedades com reduzida disfunção social. Apesar das controvérsias e debates quanto a mecanismos e processos envolvidos, a teoria evolutiva gera predições, mostra elevado acúmulo de evidências empíricas e resiliência ao acomodar novos dados. Acrescida de influxos recentes, permanece como a melhor explicação para a história da biodiversidade em nosso planeta. A proposta alternativa de “criacionismo científico” não se sustenta pela total falta de evidências empíricas, baseando-se em argumentos tautológicos, falaciosos ou intestáveis.
Holding powers in hospitals under the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: July 2020

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the holding powers available under the Mental Health Act 1983 and why their use is prone to error
A practical introduction to the thoracic ultrasonography of sheep
Authors: Evans Mike , Hinde Davinia , Scott Phil
Published: July 2020

Respiratory disease is common in sheep and thoracic ultrasonography can be a useful point of care diagnostic. This article describes how to perform thoracic ultrasonography in sheep, and provides examples of the lesions that may be identified, alongside practical advice gained through field experience. Ultrasonography should be combined with necropsy to confirm a proportion of diagnoses and build confidence using the technique in practice.
EquineReview
Authors: McGovern Kate
Published: July 2020

Introduction: this edition of the Equine Review looks at atypical myopathy, facial nerve paralysis, Fasciola hepatica and the effect of long-term overfeeding of a high-energy diet in Shetland pony mares.
Vocational Business Students’ Conceptions and Misconceptions of Taxes as an Input for Instruction and Curriculum Development
Authors: Cechovsky Nora
Published: July 2020

Context: Tax evasion and tax compliance are important topics on a European level. Next to regulations and fines, the understanding of tax-related issues impacts a tax compliance decision. Vocational business students already pay taxes and are potential future entrepreneurs who will increasingly have to deal with tax-related issues in the future. Tax-related content is, therefore, integrated in the curriculum of business colleges in Austria. Information on business students’ conceptions and misconceptions concerning taxes can serve as valuable input for instruction and curriculum development. Approach: In order to explore the conceptions and misconceptions of taxes among potential future entrepreneurs, students aged between 17 and 18 from business colleges in Austria were interviewed. Therefore, the technique of problem-centred interviews was chosen. The material was then analysed by using Mayring’s content analytic method of structuring. Findings: The students’ conceptions and misconceptions of taxes, the difference to scientific knowledge as well as possible reasons for the misconceptions are analysed and discussed. The results show that misconceptions concerning basic principles of taxes exist, that students only have vague conceptions and little experience when it comes to income tax. They do not perceive themselves as taxpayers even though many of them have work experience and they regularly act as consumers and pay value added tax. Even though the students are more familiar with value added tax rates, misconceptions concerning the reasons behind the differences in rates exist. Finally, most of the students only fragmentally remember the last fundamental tax reform in Austria.Conclusion: The findings as well as an analysis of the curriculum suggest that the students are missing basic knowledge on taxes as for example the on the difference between fees and taxes. On a curricular level, knowledge important for the individual taxpayer should build the ground for further business-related content. Finally, background knowledge on why different forms of taxes exist and on tax reforms should foster a deeper understanding and complement the factual knowledge most students already possess.
Broadband quasi-phase-matching in dispersion-engineered all-optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: Nitiss Edgars , Zabelich Boris , Yakar Ozan , Liu Junqiu , Wang Rui Ning , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Brès Camille-Sophie
Published: July 2020

Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) has become one of the most common approaches for increasing the efficiency of nonlinear three-wave mixing processes in integrated photonic circuits. Here, we provide a study of dispersion engineering of QPM second-harmonic (SH) generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride (

Si
3

N
4

) waveguides. We apply waveguide design and lithographic control in combination with the all-optical poling technique to study the QPM properties and shape the waveguide dispersion for broadband spectral conversion efficiency inside

Si
3

N
4

waveguides. By meeting the requirements for maximal bandwidth of the conversion efficiency spectrum, we demonstrate that group-velocity matching of the pump and SH is simultaneously satisfied, resulting in efficient SH generation from ultrashort optical pulses. The latter is employed for retrieving a carrier-envelope-offset frequency of a frequency comb by using an

f
−
2
f

interferometric technique, where supercontinuum and SH of a femtosecond pulse are generated in

Si
3

N
4

waveguides. Finally, we show that the waveguide dispersion determines the QPM wavelength variation magnitude and sign due to the thermo-optic effect.
Co-designing convivial tools to support participation in community radio
Authors: Cibin Roberto , Robinson Sarah , Scott Kristen M. , Sousa Duarte , Žišt Petra , Maye Laura , Sciannamblo Mariacristina , Ashby Simone , Csíkszentmihályi Christopher , Pantidi Nadia , Teli Maurizio
Published: July 2020

Connectivity made possible by the diffusion of digital technologies has offered new possibilities for the public to interact with media, including radio. However, interactions are often framed by globally managed platforms, owned by companies with values based on maximizing profit, rather than prioritising Illich’s forms of conviviality. In this article, we draw on experiences from the Grassroot Wavelengths project that introduces an innovative peer-to-peer platform to support the creation and management of community radio stations. We offer insight into the practices of participation in community media, where the users influence decisions concerning the technology, the content, the actors and the organization policy of the radio station, through a participatory design approach. These collaborations between researchers and users, together with a focus on the development of relational assets in local contexts, are fundamental in an attempt to design a platform that fosters conviviality and offers an alternative way to consider participation in community media.
1º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro (1934), biopolítica e democracia racial: implicações na educação contemporânea
Authors: Da Silva Mozart Linhares , Skolaude Mateus Silva
Published: July 2020

O que propomos nesse artigo é problematizar, na perspectiva da biopolítica, a construção da democracia racial enquanto um dispositivo de segurança que nega o conflito racial e representa um entrave estrutural para a implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 que estabelece a obrigatoriedade do ensino de História e Cultura afro-brasileira na educação básica. Para isso, tomamos como corpus analítico o 1º Congresso Afro-Brasileiro, organizado em 1934, no Recife. A organização do congresso, sua programação, a representatividade social, política e científica de seus participantes nos permite considerá-lo uma referência singular no processo de construção identitária nacional. É no 1º CAB, ainda que consideramos estarem postas as linhas mestras ou os enunciados do discurso que norteará o mito ou ideologia da democracia racial nos anos de 1930 em diante. Entendemos que as dificuldades para a implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 revelam o funcionamento do dispositivo de segurança que interdita o enfrentamento do racismo no ambiente escolar, anulando a conflitualidade e o debate sobre o racismo.
Percepção sobre as consequências e prejuízos de inundações: estudo aplicado em Pinhais, Paraná
Authors: Fonseca Murilo Noli da , Ferentz Larissa Maria da Silva
Published: July 2020

Em conjunto ao aumento da ocorrência de desastres no meio urbano, também está o crescimento das preocupações pelos impactos negativos que as comunidades estão enfrentando. Tal situação ganha força à medida que diversos organismos internacionais e nacionais recomendam a realização de estudos que procurem compreender como os indivíduos percebem os riscos a que estão submetidos e se procuram por medidas que visem a sua redução. Com o objetivo de avaliar a percepção de indivíduos perante as consequências e prejuízos resultantes das inundações frequentes, foi realizado um estudo de caso no Conjunto Habitacional “Moradias Bonilauri” em Pinhais, no estado do Paraná. Ao todo foram aplicadas oito entrevistas com moradores, revelando que a percepção é um importante instrumento na compreensão da relação humano-ambiente, ainda mais para estudos sobre os riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais e para o planejamento, gestão do espaço urbano e aperfeiçoamento de uma gestão dos riscos às inundações.
Movimento dos Pescadores e Pescadoras Artesanais em Mato Grosso: Patrimônio Cultural e Lutas Políticas
Authors: Costa Manuela Areias , Silva Luciano Pereira da
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho propõe reflexões sobre a relação entre movimento dos pescadores e pescadoras artesanais, meio ambiente e patrimônio cultural imaterial. Discute as dimensões e alcances de um inventário cultural, princípios jurídicos e aplicabilidade nas políticas públicas de pesca. Para tanto, apresentaremos aspectos relacionados ao movimento dos pescadores artesanais e os resultados da ativação patrimonial promovida para garantir seus direitos ao trabalho e à reprodução cultural. A emergência dos procedimentos ocorreu diante do risco de restrição ao uso de dois objetos: os barracos e tabuados. A sinergia entre pesquisas científicas, apoio de organização não governamental, adoção de princípios jurídicos específicos no âmbito do Conselho Estadual de Pesca de Mato Grosso, e a atuação política dos pescadores do município de Cáceres, possivelmente garantiu seus direitos de permanência no rio, a continuidade de práticas e saberes e a manutenção de seus territórios de pesca.
Study of the Effect of Bulb Ratio and Blade Angle on Propeller Turbine Performance in Horizontal Flow using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Nurdin Akhmad , Himawanto Dwi Aries , Hadi Syamsul
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses numerical simulations of horizontal flow propeller turbines. Static bulbs located before the turbine can be used to increase water velocity and potentially increase the turbine's performance. The blade angle affects the gap between the blades, and this will also affect the performance of the turbine. Numerical simulations were conducted by using software Solid Works Flow Simulation 2016 and by using five blades in a static state. This study aimed to determine the effect of the bulb ratio and blade angle on the propeller turbine characteristics on horizontal flow. Bulb Ratio variations used in this study were 0, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, while the angle variations used were 20, 25, and 30 degrees. Each variation was tested at 0.02 m3/second. The results of this study indicated that the bulb ratio 0.6 with the 25-degree blade angle produces the highest torque
Quality of Service Analysis of Long Term Evolution Network in Frequency Division Duplexing Mode in Semarang City
Authors: Rahmatika Annisa Rossy , Sukiswo Sukiswo , Widianto Eko Didik
Published: July 2020

The study aims to analyze the Quality of Service (QoS) of Long Term Evolution Frequency Division Duplexing (LTE FDD) telecommunication network in urban and sub-urban in Semarang city. This study observed the quality of the LTE FDD in terms of network responsiveness or ping, packet loss, delay, and throughput on upload and download from the user's experience based on eNodeB length variation. Quality observations were carried out on the QoS of the LTE FDD telecommunications network in the Semarang using the Axence NetTools and Oakla Speed Test applications during busy hours at each eNodeB. The results were presented based on variations in distance and showed the quality of packet loss and delay classified as very good based on ITU-T G.114, which is respectively less than 3% and 150 milliseconds. Ping testing was classified as good based on the LTE control plane, which is less than 50 milliseconds at each point. Service throughput was between 16.98-19.01 Mbps for uploads and 17.34 - 23.29 Mbps for uploads.
Der Fußabdruck als Katalysator für Individuation und Beziehung: Patrick Chamoiseaus Roman nach Robinson Crusoe L’empreinte à Crusoé
Authors: Kopf Martina
Published: July 2020

Ausgehend von Defoes berühmter Fußabdruckszene konzentriert sich dieser Beitrag auf Patrick Chamoiseaus Rewriting L’empreinte à Crusoé (2012). In dem polyphonen Roman des martinikanischen Autors wird der Fußabdruck zum Katalysator für Individuation und Beziehung. Nachdem er einen Fußabdruck auf der Insel entdeckt hat, ist Chamoiseaus Robinson, ein an Amnesie leidender schwarzer Afrikaner, von der möglichen Anwesenheit eines Anderen wie besessen: Er stellt seine Identität in Frage und entwickelt eine neue Beziehung zur ganzen Insel, ihrer Flora und Fauna. Im Hinblick auf Chamoiseaus theoretische und poetologische Ideen zur Kreolisierung, die er im Manifest der Kreolisierungsbewegung, Éloge de la Créolité (1989), gemeinsam mit dem Linguisten Jean Bernabé und dem Schriftsteller Raphaël Confiant entwickelt, kann der Roman als eine poetische Transformation dieser Ideen betrachtet werden. Der Fußabdruck wird vor diesem Hintergrund zu einem Symbol für Kreolisierungsprozesse.
Teoria Poezji Nieosobistej Thomasa Eliota a Kanon Konstandinosa Kawafisa. Porównanie poglądów i założeń dwóch klasycystów
Authors: Tuszyńska Krystyna , Trzaska Nina
Published: July 2020

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zbieżności poglądów dwóch przedstawicieli modernizmu, Thomasa S. Eliota i Konstandinosa P. Kawafisa. Studium porównawcze poprzedza krótka charakterystyka epoki, pozwalająca wysunąć tezę badawczą: Kawafis mógł wyprzedzić o kilkanaście lat postulaty literackie Eliota. Tekst skupia się na podobieństwie postaw literackich obu autorów, dlatego podstawę analiz stanowi wybrana twórczość eseistyczno-krytyczna Eliota oraz Kanon i pisma teoretyczne Kawafisa. Tekst koncentruje się na następujących aspektach: zestawienie świata przedstawionego Kawafisa z klasycystycznymi poglądami Eliota, omówienie głębszej warstwy założeń literackich obu autorów (porównanie Ars Poetica Kawafisa z Theory of Impersonal Poetry Eliota), spojrzenie na styl Aleksandryjczyka przez pryzmat sądów estetycznych Eliota oraz kwestie związane z procesem twórczym i cechami artysty (dojrzałość i miejsce poety w spektrum homo vates – homo faber).
Współczesne robinsonady w literaturze niemieckojęzycznej
Authors: Pokrywka Rafał
Published: July 2020

Niemal natychmiast po opublikowaniu Robinsona Crusoe robinsonada stała się częścią tradycji literatury niemieckojęzycznej. Także powieść współczesna odwołuje się do gatunku lub charakterystycznych motywów samotnika w hermetycznym (najczęściej wyspiarskim) środowisku bądź małej grupy w anormalnych warunkach społecznych. W artykule przedstawione zostały trzy warianty robinsonady: (1) narracje historyczno-polityczne, krytycznie odnoszące się do przeszłości lub do polityki współczesnej, przede wszystkim na gruncie postkolonialnym; (2) narracje postapokaliptyczne, opowiadające o współczesnych Robinsonach po katastrofie, w świecie przyszłości lub w kosmosie; (3) narracje miłosne, w których wyspa stanowi miejsce zejścia się kochanków, miejsce utopijnej izolacji i samotności we dwoje.
Currency Uncertainty, Interest Guarantee, and Risk-Based Premiums in Life Insurance Guaranty Schemes
Authors: Chang Shih-Chieh Bill , Lee Yen-Kuan
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates risk-based premiums in ex-ante insurance guaranty schemes. Exchange rate risk is incorporated into the asset portfolio to reflect the growing practice of life insurers taking offshore risks for yield enhancement. The closed-form solutions of the risk-based premium charged by the insurance guaranty fund are derived. Our premium rating includes currency mismatches between assets and liabilities, and the effects of early closure, capital forbearance, and grace periods are fully explored. First, we discover that the insurance guaranty fund premium is underestimated if currency fluctuation uncertainty is overlooked. Second, the premium is higher under regulatory forbearance than it is under the Merton stock put option, which implies that the cost is substantial. Finally, we note that the premium increases with higher financial leverage and greater foreign exposure in the asset portfolio. The results of our analysis provide further insight for regulators to implement regulatory policies and insurance guaranty schemes.
Utopische Potenziale des Idyllischen in der Narration: Ivan Gončarovs Oblomovka und Jan Nerudas Kleinseite
Authors: Wutsdorff Irina
Published: July 2020

The relationship between the idyll and narration has a paradoxical nature: In its state of complete harmony, the idyll is beyond any change or development. In terms of narration, however, this poses a fundamental difficulty. This was a problem already recognized in Schiller’s reflections on the idyll in the context of the philosophy of history, expounded in his essay On Naïve and Sentimental Poetry (Über naive und sentimentale Dichtung). By depicting a golden age, i. e., a state that can only ever be appreciated in retrospect, the idyll, according to Schiller, inspires, above all, the pursuit of such a state of harmony in the present. In identification of the idyllic consciousness, representation can only take the form of endangerment by external threats, and in certain cases, the successful overcoming of these threats. Conversely, it is only possible to show the idyll as a state not yet realized, still to be pursued from a perspective outside of the idyllic consciousness. Consequently, the device of a distant, masterful narrator is instrumental to the nuanced depiction of both Prague’s Lesser Quarter (Malá Strana or Kleinseite) in Jan Neruda’s eponymous tales and the Oblomovka country estate in Ivan Gončarov’s novel Oblomov. In both instances, the narrative allows for a critique of the premature realization of pseudo-idyll. Furthermore, the idyll is put into perspective so that beyond signifying loss, its potential to inspire visions of the future is summoned.
Full Employment, Unconditional Basic Income and the Keynesian Critique of Rentier Capitalism
Authors: Thomas Alan
Published: July 2020

This paper compares and contrasts the basic income proposal with the alternative policy proposal of the state acting as employer of last resort. Two versions of the UBI proposal are distinguished: one is hard to differentiate from expanded welfare state provision. Van Parijs’s proposal is radical enough to qualify as major egalitarian revision to capitalism. However, while it removes from a capitalist class the power to determine the terms on which others labour, it leaves this class in place and able to exert other powers that distort the macro-economy. These include pecuniary emulation, demand pull inflation, and political resistance to full employment so that the rentier class does not have to contend with entrepreneurs *and* the working class over the distribution of the productive surplus. The state as employer of last resort proposal addresses these deeper issues while also claiming that inflationary pressure will undermine the UBI alternative.
Integrating artificial neural network and scoring systems to increase the prediction accuracy of patient mortality and organ dysfunction
Authors: Noorbakhsh Seyed Ayoob , Mahmoodi-Eshkaftaki Mahmood , Mokhtari Zahra
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to develop and compare techniques to increase the prediction accuracy of patient mortality and organ dysfunction in the Intensive Care Units (hereinafter ICU) of hospitals. Patient mortality was estimated with two models of artificial neural network (ANN)-backpropagation (BP) and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS). Organ dysfunction was predicted by coupled ANN self-organizing map (SOM) and logistic organ dysfunction score (LODS) method on the basis of patient conditions. Input dataset consisted of 36 features recorded for 4,000 patients in the ICU. An integrated response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) was developed to achieve the best topology of the ANN-BP model. Although mortality prediction of the best ANN-BP (MSE = 0.0036, AUC = 0.83, R2 = 0.81) was more accurate than that of the SAPS score model (MSE = 0.0056, AUC = 0.82, R2 = 0.78), the execution time of the former (=45 min) was longer than that of the latter (=20 min). Therefore, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the input feature dimensions, which, in turn, reduced the execution time up to 50%. Data reduction also helped to increase the network accuracy up to 90%. The likelihood of organ dysfunction determined by coupled ANN and scoring method technique can be much more efficient than the LODS model alone because the SOM could successfully classify the patients in 64 classes. The primary patient classification plays a major role in increasing the efficiency of an estimator.
Insertion torque/time integral as a measure of primary implant stability
Authors: Grobecker-Karl Tanja , Karl Matthias , Steiner Constanze
Published: July 2020

The goal of this in vitro study was to determine the insertion torque/time integral for three implant systems. Bone level implants (n = 10; BLT – Straumann Bone Level Tapered 4.1 mm × 12 mm, V3 – MIS V3 3.9 mm × 11.5 mm, ASTRA – Dentsply-Sirona ASTRA TX 4.0 mm × 13 mm) were placed in polyurethane foam material consisting of a trabecular and a cortical layer applying protocols for medium quality bone. Besides measuring maximum insertion torque and primary implant stability using resonance frequency analysis (RFA), torque time curves recorded during insertion were used for calculating insertion torque/time integrals. Statistical analysis was based on ANOVA, Tukey’s honest differences test and Pearson product moment correlation (α = 0.05). Significantly greater mean maximum insertion torque (59.9 ± 4.94 Ncm) and mean maximum insertion torque/time integral (961.64 ± 54.07 Ncm∗s) were recorded for BLT implants (p < 0.01). V3 showed significantly higher mean maximum insertion torque as compared to ASTRA (p < 0.01), but significantly lower insertion torque/time integral (p < 0.01). Primary implant stability did not differ significantly among groups. Only a single weak (r = 0.61) but significant correlation could be established between maximum insertion torque and insertion torque/time integral (p < 0.01) when all data from all three implant groups were pooled. Implant design (length, thread pitch) seems to affect insertion torque/time integral more than maximum insertion torque.
Short- and long-term biological variation of cardiac troponin I in healthy individuals, and patients with end-stage renal failure requiring haemodialysis or cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lan Nick S. R. , Nguyen Lan T. , Vasikaran Samuel D. , Wilson Catherine , Jonsson Jacqueline , Rankin James M. , Bell Damon A.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

High-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin (cTn) assays can quantitate small fluctuations in cTn concentration. Determining biological variation allows calculation of reference change values (RCV), to define significant changes. We assessed the short- and long-term biological variation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in healthy individuals and patients with renal failure requiring haemodialysis or cardiomyopathy.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected hourly for 4 h and weekly for seven further weeks from 20 healthy individuals, 9 renal failure patients and 20 cardiomyopathy patients. Pre- and post-haemodialysis samples were collected weekly for 7 weeks. Samples were analysed using a hs-cTnI assay (Abbott Alinity ci-series). Within-subject biological variation (CVI), analytical variation (CVA) and between-subject biological variation (CVG) was used to calculate RCVs and index of individuality (II).

Results

For healthy individuals, CVI, CVA, CVG, RCV and II values were 8.8, 14.0, 43.1, 45.8% and 0.38 respectively for short-term, and 41.4, 14.0, 25.8, 121.0% and 1.69 for long-term. For renal failure patients, these were 2.6, 5.8, 50.5, 17.6% and 0.30 respectively for short-term, and 19.1, 5.8, 11.2, 55.2% and 1.78 for long-term. For cardiomyopathy patients, these were 4.2, 10.0, 65.9, 30.0% and 0.16 respectively for short-term, and 17.5, 10.0, 63.1, 55.8% and 0.32 for long-term. Mean cTnI concentration was lower post-haemodialysis (15.2 vs. 17.8 ng/L, p < 0.0001), with a 16.9% mean relative change.

Conclusions

The biological variation of cTnI is similar between end-stage renal failure and cardiomyopathy patients, but proportionately greater in well-selected healthy individuals with very low baseline cTnI concentrations.
Resistance of plug & play N type RHS truss connections
Authors: Szlendak Jerzy K. , Szpyrka Adrian
Published: July 2020

The article presents concept of II generation N type RHS plug & play truss connection made in non-welded technology. Three connections of the representative truss are analyzed. Resistance calculations of these truss joints, using the component method, are shown. Test results and the theoretical resistance of these connections are compared.
An innovative learning approach for solar power forecasting using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network
Authors: Pattanaik Debasish , Mishra Sanhita , Khuntia Ganesh Prasad , Dash Ritesh , Swain Sarat Chandra
Published: July 2020

Analysing the Output Power of a Solar Photo-voltaic System at the design stage and at the same time predicting the performance of solar PV System under different weather condition is a primary work i.e. to be carried out before any installation. Due to large penetration of solar Photovoltaic system into the traditional grid and increase in the construction of smart grid, now it is required to inject a very clean and economic power into the grid so that grid disturbance can be avoided. The level of solar Power that can be generated by a solar photovoltaic system depends upon the environment in which it is operated and two other important factor like the amount of solar insolation and temperature. As these two factors are intermittent in nature hence forecasting the output of solar photovoltaic system is the most difficult work. In this paper a comparative analysis of different solar photovoltaic forecasting method were presented. A MATLAB Simulink model based on Real time data which were collected from Odisha (20.9517∘N, 85.0985∘E), India. were used in the model for forecasting performance of solar photovoltaic system.
What Inspires Social Entrepreneurship? The Role of Prosocial Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, and Gender in Forming Social Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Yamini Reza , Soloveva Daria , Peng Xiaobao
Published: July 2020

This paper applies the assumptions of self-determination theory to study social entrepreneurial intention. We suggest that motivational forces, identified as autonomous and controlled, affect an individual’s intention to start a social venture. The study extends the social entrepreneurial intention research by examining the effect of prosocial and intrinsic motivations on an individual’s inclination to become a social entrepreneur and by testing the role of gender. Prosocial and intrinsic motivations are found to positively affect social entrepreneurial intention of individuals. Furthermore, females have demonstrated to be more influenced by the combination of motivational factors compared to males.