bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peirce’s Triadic Logic and Its (Overlooked) Connexive Expansion
Authors: Belikov Alex
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present two variants of Peirce’s Triadic Logic within a language containing only conjunction, disjunction, and negation. The peculiarity of our systems is that conjunction and disjunction are interpreted by means of Peirce’s mysterious binary operations Ψ and Φ from his ‘Logical Notebook’. We show that semantic conditions that can be extracted from the definitions of Ψ and Φ agree (in some sense) with the traditional view on the semantic conditions of conjunction and disjunction. Thus, we support the conjecture that Peirce’s special interest in these operations is due to the fact that he interpreted them as conjunction and disjunction, respectively. We also show that one of our systems may serve as a suitable base for an interesting implicative expansion, namely the connexive three-valued logic by Cooper. Sound and complete natural deduction calculi are presented for all systems examined in this paper.
The impact of Brazilian samba on balance and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fonseca Líria Cruz , Tillmann Ana Cristina , Moratelli Jéssica , Swarowsky Alessandra , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo
Published: May 2021

This non-randomized clinical trial aimed to analyze the impact of the Brazilian samba training protocol on the balance and quality of life of people with Parkinson’s disease. Forty-seven individuals participated, with a mean age of 68 ± 9.3 years-old, 24 from the control group (CG) and 23 from the experimental group (EG). The CG was formed by those who did not participate in the intervention, and the EG by individuals who participated in the Brazilian samba dance protocol. This study was divided into pre-intervention (before 12 weeks) and post-intervention (after 12 weeks) with a questionnaire consisting of: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); Quality of life (PDQ-39); Berg’s Balance Scale; Perception of perceived changes. The results point to a significant improvement after the intervention in the UPDRS (p < 0.001) and balance (p = 0.006) of the EG; in the quality of life of the EG after intervention in the mobility (p = 0.009) and total (p = 0.034) domains; and in the post-intervention period in the cognitive (p = 0.025) and communication (p = 0.032) domains of the EG and CG. Thus, it is concluded that the Brazilian samba rhythm has been shown to be effective in improving the total UPDRS, balance and quality of life, as well as in mobility, cognition and communication.
My lockdown research journey
Authors: Magboo Rosalie
Published: May 2021

Rosalie Magboo, winner of the 2021 Cardiovascular Nurse of the Year Award, discusses how she designed and implemented two research-based innovations, and her mission to inspire nurses to get involved in research.
Blending innovation with tradition in skincare
Authors: Glancey Lucy
Published: May 2021

During the past year, home skincare has become the backbone of dermatology, as in-clinic treatments were not possible. This market is increasingly competitive, and skincare ranges must ensure that customer demands are met. Lucy Glancey details important active ingredients and their uses for various skin concerns
Adverse reaction to metal debris due to fretting corrosion between the acetabular components of modular dual-mobility constructs in total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: French Jonathan M. R. , Bramley Paul , Scattergood Sean , Sandiford Nemandra A.
Published: May 2021

Modular dual-mobility (MDM) constructs can be used to reduce dislocation rates after total hip replacement (THR). However, there are concerns about adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) as a result of fretting corrosion between the metal liner and shell. This systematic review reports outcomes following THR using MDM components. It was registered with PROSPERO and conducted in line with Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations. Sixteen articles were included overall, with meta-analysis performed on relevant subsets using a random intercept logistic regression model. Estimated median incidence of ARMD requiring revision surgery within study follow-up period was 0.3% (95% CI 0.1 – 1.8%, from 11 cohort studies containing 1312 cases). Serum metal ion levels were mildly raised in 7.9% of cases, and significantly raised in 1.8%, but there was no correlation with worse clinical hip function scores within studies. Dislocation rate was 0.8%. Revision rate was 3.3%. There are mixed reports of wear on the backside of the metal liner from the acetabular shell and screw heads. Both implant design and component malseating are implicated, but currently it is unclear to what extent each factor is responsible. Studies were poor quality with high risk of confounding, especially from trunnion corrosion. We have made recommendations for further work. In the meantime, surgeons should be aware of the potential risk of ARMD when considering using an MDM prosthesis, and, if selecting one, must ensure proper seating of the liner and screws intraoperatively.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:343-353. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200146
Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity
Authors: Sushadi Pangda Sopha , WIRDATETI Wirdateti , Phadmacanty Ni Luh Putu Rischa , Wahyudin Mohamad
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sushadi DS, Phadmacanty NLPR, Wahyudin M, Wirdateti 2021. Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 22: 1606-1611. Over the past decade, the population of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in the wild has continued to decline. Various conservation efforts by the government and NGOs have been carried out, but still have not yielded significant results. Many studies have highlighted the impact of poaching and forestland conversion as a cause, but the natural behavior of N. javanicus, especially infant care interactions, is poorly studied. We investigated the case of a 5-day-old Javan slow loris baby named Monda, found dead in captivity. Monda was born in captivity and impounded with its mother and an adult male. She was found dead decapitated with a sign of injury on the right arm. Microscopic fecal examination of the other lorises showed hair and bone fragments in the male feces. Based on this finding, it is possible that infanticide also occurs in slow lorises in its natural habitat but may have been underreported.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from dry and fresh Brocchia cinerea (Vis.)
Authors: Chlif Nisrine , Ed-Dra Abdelaziz , Diouri Mohammed , El Messaoudi Noureddine , Zekkori Badr , Rhazi Filali Fouria , Bentayeb Amar
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Chlif N, Ed-Dra A, Diouri M, Messaoudi NE, Zekkori B, Filali FR, Bentayeb A. 2021. Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from dry and fresh Brocchia cinerea. Biodiversitas 22: 1741-1749. Brocchia cinerea Vis. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, widely used in traditional medicine and as a food condiment by southeast Moroccan populations. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea and to evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Chemical composition was determined by GC-MS and antibacterial activity was performed against six pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by ferric reduction antioxidant power and DPPH scavenging assay. The main components of fresh plants were thujone (26.05%), cis-chrysanthenyl formate (15.64%), 2-champhanone (15.40%), and santolina-triene (10.68%). Whereas, the major components of the dry plant were thujone (22.37%), santolina-triene (16.45%), 1,8-cineol (12.19%), and chrysanthenyl formate (12.03%). The EOs exert a bactericidal effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, the antioxidant assays showed that EOs of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea could reduce iron and trap DPPH radical. In a nutshell, this study showed that the EOs of fresh and dry aerial parts of B. cinerea are rich in natural substances that had interesting biological activities and can be used in the medical, pharmaceutical, and agri-food sectors.
Growth rate and yield response of several sweet potato clones to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer
Authors: Nafi'ah Hanny Hidayati , Hindersah Reginawanti , Mubarok Syariful , Maulana Haris , SUGANDA TARKUS , CONCIBIDO VERGEL , Karuniawan Agung
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Nafi'ah HH, Hindersah R, Mubarok S, Maulana H, Suganda T, Concibido V, Karuniawan A. 2021.  Growth rate and yield response of several sweet potato clones to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer. Biodiversitas 22: 1775-1782. Sweet potato has a high economic value because it is often utilized for staple food and industrial raw materials. Balanced fertilization, including inorganic and biofertilizer, is needed to enhance the production of sweet potatoes. Two-year field experiments conducted at two different agro climates were performed to determine the best response of growth rate and yield of sweet potato to reduced inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer application rates. Three sweet potato clones, Mencrang, Biang, and Rancing, were grown with a combination of inorganic and biological fertilizers in a randomized complete block design of three replications. Results showed that Biang and Rancing have the best response under reduced inorganic and biofertilizer application rate. The application of biofertilizer enabled the reduction of inorganic fertilizer use but still resulted in increased growth rate and tuber yield of potatoes in both locations. However, the application of biofertilizer did not increase the total soluble solids, which is the main indicator of sweetness in sweet potato.
Characterization and delineation of two infraspecific taxa of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill: The leaf architecture approach
Authors: Antonio Menisa A. , Buot Jr Inocencio E.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Antonio MA, Buot Jr. IE. 2021. Characterization and delineation of two infraspecific taxa of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill: The leaf architecture approach. Biodiversitas 22: 1783-1789. The current taxonomic treatment for the wild and cultivated species of Dioscorea esculenta Lour. (Burkill) presented them as two different varieties. However, there are confusions among botanists and farmers. So, leaf architecture analysis was done to investigate whether leaf architecture data would support their current taxonomic treatment. The varieties showed variability in several characteristics indicating their distinct identity from each other. Based on general leaf characters, they differ in all the parameters observed. But on venation characters, evident variation was seen only on the number of basal veins and secondary vein angle of divergence. Nevertheless, the two varieties resemble each other in a number of characters, i.e. campylodromous primary veins, brochidodromous secondary veins, presence of intermarginal and intersecondary veins, admedially ramified tertiary veins, and well-developed areolation. Dendrogram generated from cluster analysis agrees with and supports above leaf architectural examination, suggesting the two varieties to be recognized as separate taxa. But the current taxonomic treatment naming them as var. spinosa and var. fasciculata seemed to have dragged the cultivated plant into the classification system generally used for wild plants. Thus, the proposed name for the cultivated plant is D. esculenta ‘fasciculata’ while that of the wild plant remains as D. esculenta var. spinosa.
Snake pet ownership in the city: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kusrini Mirza , Palesa Sharon Pratiwi , Masy'ud Burhanuddin
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Palesa SP, Masy’ud B. 2021. Snake pet ownership in the city: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1790-1798. Snake pets have gained popularity all over the world, including in Indonesia. We conducted an online survey to gather information regarding the characteristics of snake owners, their motivation for keeping snakes, the species owned, and the keepers’ knowledge and perception. Google forms were sent to snake owners in the Greater Jakarta area (also known as Jabodetabek), and 69 snake owners responded. Most of the snake owners are in the young adult group (16-25 years) and their motivation to keep snakes comes mostly from them being influenced by their peers, exhibitions and social media. Thirty-nine species of snake from nine families were listed as pets, mostly being snakes that are distributed in Indonesia. Overall, the Pythonidae was the snake family with the most species being selected as pets (65.7%), followed by Colubridae (10.7%) and Viperidae (9.44%). Most snake owners kept non-venomous snakes (83.3%), 12% kept highly venomous snakes, and 4.7% kept mildly- venomous snakes.  Most of the keepers had heard about protected species (91.2%). However, when asked to write the names of any protected species, 46% out of 50 people gave incorrect names. The relatively high number of venomous snakes kept (even by those keepers of a young age) indicates the potential risk of envenomation. As yet, there is no system for snake owner licensing in Indonesia, thus it is suggested that, because of the increasing popularity of keeping snakes as pets,  owners should be registered, licensed, and monitored.
Fieldwork during pandemic: Backyard bird survey and making student’s biological field practice works
Authors: Winarni Nurul Laksmi , Anugra Bhisma G. , Anisafitri Shania , Kaunain Nabilla N. , Pradana Dimas H.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Winarni NL, Anugra BG, Anisafitri S, Kaunain NN, Pradana DH. 2021. Fieldwork during pandemic: Backyard bird survey and making student’s biological field practice works. Biodiversitas 22: 1887-1894. The COVID-19 pandemic situations had forced universities to shutdown face-to-face lectures and change it to online teaching. This change had brought significant challenges to biological courses which need field practice in their syllabus and therefore field practice should be adjusted and innovative. During November-December 2020, we compared students' field practice from the Ornithology class to urban bird survey to evaluate whether the data collected by students can contribute to citizen science as well as to enhance field practice during online courses. We used point count methods to survey bird communities in urban environment in Jakarta and its satellite cities. We found that the students tended to observe the most abundant birds such as the cave swiftlet and Eurasian tree sparrow and missed unfamiliar species which were smaller-sized birds that use aerial and upper canopy. It was suggested that the data from field practice can also support citizen science when prioritized to common, abundance species. In addition, best practices for field practice were provided, emphasizing the independent field practice incorporating technology in which the results were communicated to the students. Hence, strengthening field practice for biological courses is important to support biodiversity conservation research and activities.
Mucin-1 expression in endometrial tissue of Macaca nemestrina during mid-luteal phase after controlled-ovarian hyperstimulation
Authors: Sahar Nurhuda , Birowo Ponco , Kusmardi Kusmardi , Kristianty Diyah , Rahmaningrum Karina , Miranda Adriana Viola , Rasyad Afif , Prasasty Vivitri
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sahar N, Birowo P, Kusmardi, Kristianty D, Rahmaningrum K, Miranda AV, Rasyad A, Prasasty VD. 2021. Mucin-1 expression in endometrial tissue of Macaca nemestrina during mid-luteal phase after controlled-ovarian hyperstimulation. Biodiversitas 22: 1927-1933. Endometrial receptivity is one of the factors for successful implantation in pregnancy. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is a required step of in vitro fertilization (IVF), one of the standard procedures to overcome infertility. Exogenous gonadotropin hormones from COH provoke the secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries in higher amounts. The supraphysiological environment could impact the endometrial receptivity of the implantation process. Mucin-1 (MUC1) can be used as a marker to indicate alterations in the endometrial tissue. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the alteration of mucin-1 expression in endometrial tissue of Macaca nemestrina after COH protocol. This study used endometrium tissue of M. nemestrina embedded with paraffin as tissue blocks. The subjects were 15 female macaques in reproductive age (8-10 years old) with a history of producing offspring. These macaques were classified into four groups based on the COH protocols, which consist of administering gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and recombinant FSH (r-FSH) with dosages of 30 IU, 50 IU, 70 IU (intervention groups), and no r-FSH (control group). The stimulations were administered for 14 days during the mid-luteal phase. Moreover, tissue staining was done by using immunohistochemistry. Mucin-1 expression was analyzed manually for glandular and luminal compartments and automatically for the stromal compartment by Red Green Blue (RGB) measure plugin as a color image from ImageJ software. The expression of mucin-1 was counted semi-quantitatively as H-score. Mucin-1 expression differences in endometrial tissue were assessed by one-way ANOVA with a significant difference found in the glandular part and insignificant results found in luminal and stromal parts. Pearson correlation test was also performed to determine the relationship of steroidal hormones and mucin-1 expression in glandular and luminal compartments. Both correlations were statistically insignificant. However, a positive correlation was found with the glandular compartment and a negative correlation with luminal compartment. As the subject species, M. nemestrina is limited for research utilization in our country, small number of subjects becomes a limitation of this study. Further studies need to be conducted to deepen the understanding of the regulation of mucin-1 expression, particularly by the altered concentrations of steroidal hormones as a consequence of COH.
Physicochemical and microbiological properties of yogurt made with microencapsulation probiotic starter during cold storage
Authors: Rossi Evy , RESTUHADI FAJAR , EFENDI RASWEN , DEWI YOSSIE KHARISMA
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rossi E, Restuhadi F, Efendi R, Dewi YK. 2021. Physicochemical and microbiological properties of yogurt made with microencapsulation probiotic starter during cold storage. Biodiversitas 22: 2012-2018. This study's purposes were to characterize probiotic properties, identify strains of K12.1, produce a microencapsulated starter (MS) for yogurt, and evaluate yogurt's microbiological quality during storage refrigerated temperatures. This research was conducted experimentally using isolate was further identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.  The identified strain and Streptococcus thermophilus were microencapsulated using sago starch and whey isolate protein (1:1 w/w) for yogurt starter.  The starter was added as much as 1, 3, 5, or 7% (v / v), then incubated for 18 hours at 37°C. The best yogurt was evaluated for its microbiological quality at refrigerated temperature for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.  The results showed that K12.1 isolate with probiotic characteristics was Lactobacillus plantarum VP3.3. The microencapsulation starter concentration affected acidity, total acid, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), viscosity, and total solids. The use of 7% microencapsulation starter of Lactobacillus plantarum VP-3.3 and Streptococcus thermophilus gave the best yogurt, with a pH value 4.36, total lactic acid 0.99%, total LAB 10.00 log CFU mL-1, viscosity 546.37 cP, and total solids 10.40%. The total amount of LAB in yogurt stored during cold temperature for 28 days still meets the probiotics standards (9.98 log CFU/mL).
Effect of termite activity on soil chemical properties using baiting systems at an arboretum area in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Indrayani Yuliati , ANWARI SOFWAN
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Indrayani Y, Anwari S. 2021. Effect of termite activity on soil chemical properties using baiting systems at an arboretum area in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2125-2130. Termites play an essential and positive role as decomposers in nature, apart from being known as wood-destroying insects. These two varying characteristics led to the development of termite control technology, capable of digesting cellulose components and making soils rich in organic compounds. Therefore, this study examines the soil's biogenic structure due to termite activity using a control technology with a baiting system. The bait was made with various compositions of eucalyptus leaves, paper and cardboard, 60%: 40%: 0%, 60%: 20%: 20%, 60%: 0%: 40%, 0%: 100%: 0% and 0%: 0%: 100% with a size of 2cm x 2cm x 1cm and eucalyptus leaves as an attractant. In addition, a PVC tube measuring 10 cm diameter and 20 cm height with 25 holes consisting of 3 mm diameter on the side was used for field application. A total of 100 grams of bait for each composition was entered into the feed tube and placed in the Arboretum of Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, with three replications and left for 21 days. At the end of the observation period, the soil’s biogenic structures with termites were analyzed to determine their chemical properties. Furthermore, the same analysis was also carried out on the soil surrounding the test area without termite activity for comparison. The results showed that the pH, C/N ratio, C-Organic, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium contents as well as Cation Exchange Capacity of the soil produced from the tube containing the bait with a composition of 60%: 0%: 40% was significantly higher. This means that the soil's biogenic structure produced by termite activity with a baiting system increases land productivity and chemical properties.
Population genetic structure of hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) along the Southern coast of Thailand
Authors: SUPPAPAN JUTHAMAS , SANGTHONG PRADIT , SONGRAK , APIRAK , SUPMEE VERAKIAT
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Suppapan J, Sangthong P, Songrak A, Supmee V. 2021. Population genetic structure of hard clam (Meretrix lyrata) along the Southern coast of Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 2489-2496. The hard clam (Meretrix lyrata), which is an economically important fishery item in Southern Thailand, has decreased rapidly due to overexploitation. To construct sustainable management of this species, genetic information is necessary. In our study, the genetic diversity of M. lyrata was investigated based on the variation of the nucleotide sequence (439 bp) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA COI). The mtDNA COI sequences of 145 individuals collecting from 6 sampling sites along the Southern coast of Thailand were analyzed. The results revealed that M. lyrata populations showed moderate to low levels of genetic diversity. All of the population genetic structure analysis revealed the genetic differentiation of the hard clam between the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea populations. Based on these results, a genetic structure of the hard clam M. lyrata in Southern Thailand was possibly caused by a disruptive gene flow from the geographic factors by the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The demographic history test revealed that the hard clam living in Southern Thailand had experienced population expansion. This study provided the first genetic information that could be used for conserving the hard clam M. lyrata in Southern Thailand.
Climate effects on the growth of Pinus latteri and Pinus kesiya at the Intakin Silvicultural Research Station, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Naumthong Matayawee , Palakit Kritsadapan , Duangsathaporn Khwanchai , Prasomsin Patsi , Lumyai Pichit
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Naumthong M, Palakit K, Duangsathaporn K, Prasomsin P, Lumyai P. 2021. Climate effects on the growth of Pinus latteri and Pinus kesiya at the Intakin Silvicultural Research Station, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 2512-2519. Relationship between the growth of two pine species, Pinus latteri and Pinus kesiya, and past climatic factors are studied. Standard dendrochronological techniques were used on 40 core samples obtained from 20 trees from each species to cross-date tree-ring width and determine the growth patterns of each species. Over a period spanning from 1980-2019 (P. latteri) and 1984-2019 (P. kesiya), the calculated mean ring-width values were 0.596 and 0.430 cm per year, respectively. An analysis of the relationship between tree-ring width of P. latteri and climatic data indicated a positive correlation with the relative humidity in April. However, a negative correlation was observed with the temperature in April and August. The factors limiting the growth of P. latteri the most were the temperature in August (r2=0.228; P<0.01). The index constructed for P. kesiya indicated a positive correlation with extreme minimum relative humidity in December and extreme maximum temperature in March. The factors limiting the growth of P. kesiya with a significant correlation, were the relative humidity in April (r2=0.173) and temperature in May (r2=0.184). These results can be used to plan the management of forest plantations and to select suitable areas for the cultivation of pine trees in Thailand
The hematological profile of Barbonymus altus to evaluate water quality in the Badher Bank Conservation Area, Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Supriatna Supriatna , Darmawan Arief , Nugroho Bimo Aji , Handoko Agung Dwi , Qurniawatri Agustiansi Yeyen , Prasetyawati Ranita Ayu
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Hertika AMS, Supriatna, Darmawan A, Nugroho BA, Handoko AD, Qurniawatri AY, Prasetyawati RA. 2021. The hematological profile of Badher fish (Barbonymus altus) to evaluate water quality in the Badher Bank Conservation Area, Tawangrejo Village, Blitar District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2532-2541. Badher fish (Barbonymus altus) is endemic to the Brantas River. After years presumably extinct, the Badher fish was found again in 2010 in the Brantas River, Tawangrejo Village, Binangun Sub-district, Blitar District, East Java, Indonesia. A conservation area, called a Badher Bank, was established in the location. However, human activities, such as ecotourism and agricultural waste runoff, have changed water quality and increased water pollution in the Badher Bank Conservation Area. This research objective was to observe the hematological profile of badher fish and a set of water quality parameter measurements as an environmental factor that affected fish life. Data were obtained from four research stations with three replications every two weeks from August to October 2020 at the Brantas River streamline inside the Badher Bank Conservation Area. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) method was applied to determine the correlation between water quality and hematological profile. According to the data analysis, the water quality at Stations 1-3 in the research location was normal, and Station 4 was polluted. The analysis also showed that the low dissolved oxygen and high ammonia affected the hematological conditions of Badher fish. All water quality parameters affected the condition of leucocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in moderate concentrations. Besides that, micronuclei and hematocrit conditions were strongly influenced by ammonia, temperature, pH, and current velocity in high concentrations, while Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) affected low concentrations.
Karyotype variation in lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller 1838) from Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Satuti Nur Handayani Niken , Maryanto Ibnu , Arisuryanti Tuty
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Mubarok H, Handayani NSN, Maryanto I, Arisuryanti T. 2021. Karyotype variation in lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller 1838) from Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2560-2568. Lesser short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis is a widespread fruit bat in different habitats. This species is suspected to have chromosome morphology variation, since karyotype data in Indochinese Peninsula, Borneo, West Java, and the Philippines has been revealed. Karyotype data can provide basic information on taxonomic relationships, evolutionary origins, and genetic aberrations. This study aimed to analyze karyotype variation in C. brachyotis from different habitats in a special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Total 14 sample bats were mist-nets trapped, including six individuals from an urban area, three individuals from natural forest, and five individuals from mangrove forest. Chromosome preparations were conducted using the splash method with bone marrow, including treatment of colchicine 0.005%, 0.075M KCl solution, Carnoy solution, and Giemsa staining. Chromosome was analyzed and classified using ImageJ Levan Plugin software. The result showed C. brachyotis from different habitats in this study indicated karyotype variation and have different karyotype from West Java samples. Males C. brachyotis from mangrove forest have a karyotype formula of 2n=34, FN=61, 16m+8sm+2st+6t, X=st, and Y=t, while female C. brachyotis from the urban area have karyotype formula of 2n=34, FN=62, 16m+4sm +6st+6st, and X=st.
Short Communication: Morphometric variations in two populations of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera, Muscidae) in Ecuador
Authors: RUIZ MARÍA ALEJANDRA , ACOSTA-LÓPEZ CAMILA , SOTO-VIVAS ANA
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ruiz MA, Acosta-López C, Soto-Vivas A. 2021. Short Communication: Morphometric variations in two populations of Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 (Diptera, Muscidae) in Ecuador. Biodiversitas 22: 2654-2657. Limnophora includes 230 species, eleven of which are present in Ecuador. There are few studies on the bioecology of these species in the country. However, recent studies indicate that Limnophora marginata Stein, 1904 as the most abundant species in the Evergreen High Montane Forest (EHMF) located at 3400 masl in Tocachi parish, in contrast to a low abundance in the Dry Forest (DF) at 2500 masl in Malchingui parish, Pedro Moncayo Canton. This study was described the wing morphogeometric variation of L. marginata associated with these two habitats. Thirty-two wings were photographed: 16 specimens in EHMF and 16 in DF. The coordinates configurations (x,y) were registered and aligned through Generalized Procrustes Analysis. The centroid size between habitats was significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis; p?0.005); EHMF specimens were larger than DF. Reclassification a posteriori was perfect in DF specimens (100%), and almost perfect in EHMF (93.75%). The landmarks that most contributed to the variation between habitats were: Interception between M and wing border, interception dm-cu, and interception between Cu and dm-cu. The wing morphometric variations observed in L. marginata could be associated with phenotypic plasticity.
Diversity and performance of eight new promising potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes in Garut District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Maharijaya Awang , Syukur Muhamad , Nur Salma Linda , Sanubary Ulvi Levia
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Maharijaya A, Syukur M, Salma LN, Sanubary UL. 2021. Diversity and performance of eight new promising potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in Garut District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2848-2858. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main crops in the world. Potato consumption in Indonesia continues to increase, but the supply of potatoes cannot be fully met by domestic production. The low productivity of potatoes is due to the low quality. Efforts to increase potato production are by developing new varieties with higher yields. This study aimed to obtain information about the diversity and performance of eight IPB new potato genotypes in Garut District, West Java. The study used a randomized complete block design with a one-factor genotype and four replications. The characters observed included 46 characters consisting of 27 quantitative characters and 19 qualitative characters.The genotypes that was used as materials are PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-011, PKHT-2019-012, PKHT-2019-013, PKHT-2019-014, PKHT-2019-015, PKHT-2019-016, PKHT-2019-017 and two varieties Medians and Intas as control. The result showed that the potato genotypes have a diversity of leaves, stems, flowers, and tubers. PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-015, and PKHT-2019-017 have higher productivity than Medians and Intan as control. PKHT-2019-012 productivity was not significantly different from Intan as control. The genotypes that had a higher or were the same productivity as the control varieties might be the expected genotypes that can be developed as new varieties. The genotypes expected to be developed are PKHT-2019-015, PKHT-2019-010, PKHT-2019-017, and PKHT-2019-012
The growth, aboveground biomass, crown development, and leaf characteristics of three Eucalyptus species at initial stage of planting in Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: WIRABUANA PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA , Alam Syamsu , Matatula Jeriels , Marghiy Harahap Moehar , Nugroho Yusanto , Idris Fahmi , Meinata Alnus , Ayu Sekar Dewa
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Wirabuana PYAP, Alam S, Matatula J, Harahap MM, Nugroho Y, Idris F, Meinata A, Sekar DA. 2021. The growth, aboveground biomass, crown development, and leaf characteristics of three Eucalyptus species at initial stage of planting in Jepara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2859-2869. Industry development, climate change mitigation and renewable energy currently become the most essential challenge in tropical forest management, primarily in Indonesia. The existence of tropical forests is not only managed to maintain the stability of wood supply for commercial industries but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and to generate energy alternatives from tree biomass. To answer this challenge, the development of fast-growing species like eucalyptus can become a good solution. However, the productivity of eucalyptus depends on its adaptability to the site condition. Therefore, understanding site-species interaction becomes the fundamental requirement before planted on a large scale. This study aimed to evaluate the initial performance of eucalyptus species developed in Jepara. An experiment consisted of three different eucalyptus species, i.e., E. alba, E. pellita, and E. urophylla, was established using a randomized complete block design. Sixteen parameters were selected to assess the eucalyptus performance, including survival, height, diameter, biomass accumulation (stem, branches, foliage, and total aboveground), crown length, crown radius, crown projection area, crown ratio, individual leaf area, individual leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf mass area, and leaf area index. The comparison of the mean of tree attributes from each species was examined using ANOVA, followed by HSD Tukey. Results showed that all measured parameters indicated a significant difference among the three species (p<0.05), except for survival, foliage biomass, and crown ratio (p>0.05). The preliminary performance of E. pellita was relatively better than the other two species, mainly related to height (3.00±0.21 m), total aboveground biomass (49.86±3.60 kg ha-1), crown projection area (2.68±0.27 m2 ), and leaf area index (5.76±0.44). Our study concluded the initial performance of E. pellita in Jepara was substantially superior to E. alba and E. urophylla. Nevertheless, continuous evaluation is needed to monitor the consistent performance of those species in the study area.
Training to be a cleft surgeon in the UK
Authors: Fell M , Brierley N , Sadri A , Chummun S , Moar K
Published: May 2021

UK cleft services are centralised and involve working in a multidisciplinary team, offering patients a high quality of care and surgeons a potentially enormously rewarding career. Trainees wishing to specialise in cleft surgery should endeavour to gain targetted experience in cleft lip and palate from early in their surgical career as this will stand them in good stead for the cleft training fellowship applications towards the end of higher surgical training.
Acousto-optic frequency shifted comb laser-based micro-Doppler detection for moving target identification
Authors: Ding Yichen , Wu Bo , Shen Yonghang
Published: May 2021

We present a preliminary experimental demonstration of an acousto-optic frequency shifted (AOFS) comb laser-based micro-Doppler detection system for moving object identification. The AOFS comb laser was constructed by successively frequency shifting a single-frequency seed laser at 1063.8 nm using an acousto-optic modulator in an amplified fiber loop, which resulted in a stable pulse output with a pulse repetition rate around 150 MHz and pulse duration of about 200 ps. The AOFS comb pulse was amplified and then directed through a fiber circulator first and then an optical lens onto a moving object, which featured both linear translation and rotation. The micro-Doppler signal of the rotation was derived from the heterodyne detection of the pulse echo comb laser and the continuous-wave single-frequency local laser. It is believed that such an AOFS comb laser-based sensing system is of great potential for micro-Doppler detection of high-speed targets owing to its long-term stability and compactness.
Dual-channel sensor based on Tamm plasmon polariton and defect mode hybridization in topological insulator covered photonic crystals
Authors: Huang Tianye , Dang Xueyan , Han Lei , Zhang Gangshun , Pan Jianxing , Wang Yuhan , Chen Zhenxing
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a novel multi-channel refractive index sensor is proposed. The strong coupling between Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) and defect modes of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PCs) is used to design a high sensitivity sensor. The TPP is formed by topological insulators

B

i

1.5

S

b

0.5

T

e

1.8

S

e

1.2

(BSTS) and 1D-PC. Within the 1D-PC, localized phase shifts are induced to form defect modes that can be hybridized with the TPP mode. More resonances can be formed by introducing additional defects in the 1D-PC. The proposed sensor provides great potential in the fields of multi-channel and multi-parameter sensing.
Double-layered silicon-nitride photonic crystal slab guided-mode-resonance high-sensitivity sensor application for refractive index sensing and nanoparticle detection
Authors: Yang Ying , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Shuo , Wu Yongqin , Tian Huiping
Published: May 2021

In this work, the silicon-nitride-based double-layered photonic crystal slab (DPCS) operating on guided-mode resonance (GMR) is demonstrated to realize a high-sensitivity sensor. By applying the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) analysis method, the relationships between

Q

-factor and slab thickness, hole radius, and space distance are extensively explored. The highest

Q

-factor of 7605 has been obtained for the optimized structure. Through detecting the resonant peak shifts when the DPCS sensor is immersed in different liquids, we realize an ultrahigh sensitivity up to 937.64 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). On the other hand, particle detection is simulated by the above-mentioned sensor, and the explanations of different resonant shifts versus different trapped positions are sophisticatedly elucidated. Furthermore, the effect of the vertical alignment deviation (lattice displacement) of the two photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) on the

Q

-factor and transmittance is discussed in detail. The investigations show that the DPCS sensor allows an alignment deviation of

∼

40

n
m

, which exhibits excellent fabrication error robustness.
Mode expansion theory and application in step-index multimode fibers for astronomical spectroscopy
Authors: Hernandez E. , Roth M. M. , Petermann K. , Kelz A. , Moralejo B. , Madhav K.
Published: May 2021

In astronomical spectroscopy, optical fibers are abundantly used for multiplexing and decoupling the spectrograph from the telescope to provide stability in a controlled environment. However, fibers are less than perfect optical components and introduce complex effects that diminish the overall throughput, efficiency, and stability of the instrument. We present a novel numerical field propagation model that emulates the effects of modal noise, scrambling, and focal ratio degradation with a rigorous treatment of wave optics. We demonstrate that the simulation of the near- and far-field output of a fiber, injected into a ray-tracing model of the spectrograph, allows us to assess performance at the detector level.
Detection of negatively ionized air by using a Raman silicon nanocavity laser
Authors: Yasuda Satoshi , Takahashi Yuki , Asano Takashi , Saito Yuki , Kikunaga Kazuya , Yamashita Daiki , Noda Susumu , Takahashi Yasushi
Published: May 2021

The performance of a Raman silicon laser based on a high quality-factor nanocavity depends on the degree of free-carrier absorption, and this characteristic may be useful for certain applications. Here we demonstrate that laser oscillation in a Raman silicon nanocavity laser stops abruptly after an exposure to a weak flux of negatively ionized air for a few seconds. Spectral measurements reveal that the laser interruption is mainly caused by the transfer of extra electrons from the negatively ionized air molecules to the silicon nanocavity. These electrons affect the efficiency of the Raman laser by free carrier absorption. We find that the laser output gradually recovers as the extra electrons escape from the nanocavity and confirm that such a detection of ionized air is repeatable. These results show that a Raman silicon nanocavity laser can be used for the detection of ionized air with a high spatial resolution.
On the robustness of bound states in the continuum in waveguides with lateral leakage channels
Authors: Yuan Lijun , Lu Ya Yan
Published: May 2021

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are trapped or guided modes with frequencies in radiation continua. They are associated with high-quality-factor resonances that give rise to strong local field enhancement and rapid variations in scattering spectra, and have found many valuable applications. A guided mode of an optical waveguide can also be a BIC, if there is a lateral structure supporting compatible waves propagating in the lateral direction; i.e., there is a channel for lateral leakage. A BIC is typically destroyed (becomes a resonant or a leaky mode) if the structure is slightly perturbed, but some BICs are robust with respect to a large family of perturbations. In this paper, we show (analytically and numerically) that a typical BIC in optical waveguides with a left-right mirror symmetry and a single lateral leakage channel is robust with respect to any structural perturbation that preserves the left-right mirror symmetry. Our study improves the theoretical understanding on BICs and can be useful when applications of BICs in optical waveguides are explored.
Breaking the symmetry to structure light
Authors: Khonina Svetlana N. , Golub Ilya
Published: May 2021

We show that by breaking the symmetry of a beam subjected to tight focusing, namely by obscuring half of it or, equivalently, shifting the beam away from the lens axis, it is possible to obtain novel light properties in the focal spot which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been observed before. For example, a linearly polarized beam half-obstructed or shifted from the axis generates longitudinal and transverse electrical field components, both of which peak on-axis. The ratio of the intensities of these two components can be tuned by changing the shift distance, the size, and the azimuthal location of the displaced incoming beam. Moreover, such symmetry breaking of a linearly polarized beam acts as a catalyst for producing distributions of circular polarization/longitudinal spin angular momentum, as well as orbital angular momentum, in the focal plane. The simple method for generating co-incident longitudinal and transverse components with a controllable ratio may find applications in laser machining, particle manipulation, etc.
Financial incentives and deposit contracts to promote HIV retesting in Uganda: A randomized trial
Authors: Chamie Gabriel , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Ndyabakira Alex , Marson Kara , Camlin Carol S. , Havlir Diane V. , Kamya Moses R. , Thirumurthy Harsha
Published: May 2021

Background

Frequent retesting for HIV among persons at increased risk of HIV infection is critical to early HIV diagnosis of persons and delivery of combination HIV prevention services. There are few evidence-based interventions for promoting frequent retesting for HIV. We sought to determine the effectiveness of financial incentives and deposit contracts in promoting quarterly HIV retesting among adults at increased risk of HIV.

Methods and findings

In peri-urban Ugandan communities from October to December 2018, we randomized HIV–negative adults with self-reported risk to 1 of 3 strategies to promote HIV retesting: (1) no incentive; (2) cash incentives (US$7) for retesting at 3 and 6 months (total US$14); or (3) deposit contracts: participants could voluntarily deposit US$6 at baseline and at 3 months that would be returned with interest (total US$7) upon retesting at 3 and 6 months (total US$14) or lost if participants failed to retest. The primary outcome was retesting for HIV at both 3 and 6 months. Of 1,482 persons screened for study eligibility following community-based recruitment, 524 participants were randomized to either no incentive (N = 180), incentives (N = 172), or deposit contracts (N = 172): median age was 25 years (IQR: 22 to 30), 44% were women, and median weekly income was US$13.60 (IQR: US$8.16 to US$21.76). Among participants randomized to deposit contracts, 24/172 (14%) made a baseline deposit, and 2/172 (1%) made a 3-month deposit. In intent-to-treat analyses, HIV retesting at both 3 and 6 months was significantly higher in the incentive arm (89/172 [52%]) than either the control arm (33/180 [18%], odds ratio (OR) 4.8, 95% CI: 3.0 to 7.7, p < 0.001) or the deposit contract arm (28/172 [16%], OR 5.5, 95% CI: 3.3 to 9.1, p < 0.001). Among those in the deposit contract arm who made a baseline deposit, 20/24 (83%) retested at 3 months; 11/24 (46%) retested at both 3 and 6 months. Among 282 participants who retested for HIV during the trial, three (1%; 95%CI: 0.2 to 3%) seroconverted: one in the incentive group and two in the control group. Study limitations include measurement of retesting at the clinic where baseline enrollment occurred, only offering clinic-based (rather than community-based) HIV retesting and lack of measurement of retesting after completion of the trial to evaluate sustained retesting behavior.

Conclusions

Offering financial incentives to high-risk adults in Uganda resulted in significantly higher HIV retesting. Deposit contracts had low uptake and overall did not increase retesting. As part of efforts to increase early diagnosis of HIV among high-risk populations, strategic use of incentives to promote retesting should receive greater consideration by HIV programs.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02890459.