bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 of cytotoxin-associated gene A protein affect Helicobacter pylori gastric epithelial cell interactions
Authors: Xue Zhi-Jing , Gong Ya-Nan , He Li-Hua , Sun Lu , You Yuan-Hai , Fan Dong-Jie , Zhang Mao-Jun , Yan Xiao-Mei , Zhang Jian-Zhong
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) persistently colonizes the human gastric mucosa in more than 50% of the global population, leading to various gastroduodenal diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric carcinoma. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, an important oncoprotein, has highly polymorphic Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala segments at the carboxyl terminus, which play crucial roles in pathogenesis. Our previous study revealed a significant association between amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 and gastric cancer.

AIM

To investigate the impact of amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 on CagA function.

METHODS

We selected a representative HZT strain from a gastric cancer patient with amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894. The cagA gene was amplified and mutated into cagA -NT and cagA -NE (sequence characteristics of strains from nongastric cancer patients), cloned and inserted into pAdtrack-CMV, and then transfected into AGS cells. The expression of cagA and its mutants was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, cell elongation via cell counting, F-actin cytoskeleton visualization using fluorescence staining, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

The results revealed that pAdtrack/cagA induced a more pronounced hummingbird phenotype than pAdtrack/cagA -NT and pAdtrack/cagA -NE (40.88 ± 3.10 vs 32.50 ± 3.17, P < 0.001 and 40.88 ± 3.10 vs 32.17 ± 3.00, P < 0.001) at 12 hours after transfection. At 24 hours, pAdtrack/cagA- NE induced significantly fewer hummingbird phenotypes than pAdtrack/cagA and pAdtrack/cagA- NT (46.02 ± 2.12 vs 53.90 ± 2.10, P < 0.001 and 46.02 ± 2.12 vs 51.15 ± 3.74, P < 0.001). The total amount of F-actin caused by pAdtrack/cagA was significantly lower than that caused by pAdtrack/cagA- NT and pAdtrack/cagA- NE (27.54 ± 17.37 vs 41.51 ± 11.90, P < 0.001 and 27.54 ± 17.37 vs 41.39 ± 14.22, P < 0.001) at 12 hours after transfection. Additionally, pAdtrack/cagA induced higher IL-8 secretion than pAdtrack/cagA- NT and pAdtrack/cagA- NE at different times after transfection.

CONCLUSION

Amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 enhance CagA pathogenicity, which is crucial for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of CagA and identifying biomarkers of highly pathogenic H. pylori .
THE IMAGE OF FLOWER AND NIGHTINGALE IN UZBEK FOLKLORE
Authors:   Doctoral student of the Institute of Uzbek language, literature and folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Muslima Kholboyeva
Published: October 2024

Folklore is a mirror that shows the oral literature of a certain nation. In this mirror, folklore shows itself with different genres. Epics, fairy tales, songs, askiyas, proverbs, riddles and parables are among them. One of the most used images in these genres is a flower and a nightingale. In this article, we will analyze the fact that these images are used sufficiently in many genres of folklore. In particular, their role in folk epics (Alpomish and Kuntug'mish), songs, proverbs, riddles, askiya and fairy tales has been studied.
CONCEPT OF "DEVOTION": SEMANTIC, COGNITIVE, LINGUOCULTURAL APPROACH
Authors:   Doctoral student, Navoi State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, ABDULLAEVA Gulbahor Nuriddinovna
Published: October 2024

The choice of anthropocentric linguistics as a scientific paradigm is due to the inclusion of the studied problems in the study of the semiosphere of the inner world of man, which is one of the priorities of modern research. In modern linguistics, it becomes relevant to understand and describe the linguistic ontology of the concept of “loyalty” to the fullest extent possible, to identify and form the conceptual properties of the concept, to characterize its objective structure as a moral concept.
INTEGRATED MODEL FOR FORECASTING TIME SERIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION PARAMETERS
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Kuchanskyi Oleksandr , Neftissov Alexandr , Biloshchytska Svitlana , Medetbek Arailym
Published: October 2024

The quality of life in large urban areas is considerably diminished by air pollution, with major contributors being motor vehicles, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion. A major contributor to air pollution is coal-fired and thermal power plants, which are commonly found in emerging markets. In Astana, Kazakhstan, a rapidly expanding city's significant reliance on coal for heating and considerable building exacerbate air pollution. This research is essential for improving urban development practices that support sustainable growth in rapidly expanding cities. Using time series data from four monitoring stations in Astana using fractal R/S analysis, the study looks at long-term patterns in air pollutant levels, especially PM10 and PM2.5. The stations' Hurst exponents were determined to be 0.723, 0.548, 0.442, and 0.462. Additionally, the flow window method was used to study the Hurst exponent's dynamic behavior. The findings showed that one station's pollution levels had long-term memory, which suggests that the time series is persistent. While anti-persistence was noted in the third and fourth sites, data from the second station indicated nearly random behavior. The Hurst exponent values explain the October 2021 spike in pollution levels, which is probably caused by thermal power plants close to the city. The fractal analysis of time series could serve as an indicator of environmental conditions in a given region, with persistent pollution trends potentially aiding in predicting critical pollution events. Anti-persistence or temporary pollution spikes may be influenced by the observation station's proximity to pollution sources. Overall, the findings suggest that fractal time series analysis can act as a valuable tool for monitoring environmental health in urban areas.
METHODS OF FORECASTING GRAIN CROP YIELD INDICATORS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL SUBSYSTEM
Authors: Toxanov Sapar , Abzhanova Dilara , Neftissov Alexandr , Biloshchytskyi Andrii
Published: October 2024

Forecasting crop yields is one of the key challenges for the agricultural sector, especially in the context of a changing climate and unstable weather conditions. Kazakhstan, possessing significant territories suitable for growing grain crops, faces many challenges related to the effective management of agricultural activities. In this regard, yield forecasting becomes an integral part of planning and decision-making processes in agriculture. Information and analytical subsystems that integrate yield forecasting methods allow agribusinesses to estimate future production more accurately, minimise risks associated with climate change and optimise resource use. An important component of such systems is the consideration of weather conditions, as weather factors have a direct impact on crop growth and development. The purpose of this article is to develop and evaluate modern methods of forecasting grain yields taking into account the influence of weather conditions, as well as their integration into information-analytical subsystems to improve the accuracy of agricultural forecasting. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the following tasks: to analyse existing methods of yield forecasting and identify their advantages and disadvantages, to develop forecasting models, including machine learning methods such as gradient bousting and recurrent neural networks, to validate the developed models on the basis of historical data using cross-validation methods, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and compare them with basic models such as linear regression and simple average, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods and to compare them with the basic models such as linear regression and simple average. This article reviews modern methods of forecasting grain crop yields in Kazakhstan, as well as technologies used in information-analytical subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of meteorological conditions on yields and the development of models that take this factor into account. The presented review and research results are aimed at improving the existing approaches to the management of agricultural processes under conditions of growing uncertainty caused by climate change. The article explores an important scientific task related to the development of methods for step-by-step forecasting of agrometeorological factors and grain yields, relying on the principle of analogy.
HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE ESTIMATION OF SNOW COVER FOR FLOOD ANALYSIS IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: Alzhanov Almas , Nugumanova Aliya
Published: October 2024

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events linked to climate change has made flood forecasting an important issue, particularly in mountainous regions where snowmelt is a major driver of seasonal flooding. This study explores the application of snow cover estimation techniques to assess snowmelt dynamics and their potential impact on flood risks in the Ulba and Uba basins in East Kazakhstan. To achieve this, high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery from the Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance dataset is used, focusing on images collected between March and October for the years 2021 to 2024. The images are processed in Google Earth engine platform with strict filtering based on spatial intersection with the basins and cloud cover pixels percentage, ensuring high-quality data for snow cover analysis. The study utilizes multiple remote sensing indices for snow cover estimation. The normalized difference snow index is calculated using the green and shortwave infrared bands to detect snow-covered pixels. Fractional snow-covered area is derived from the NDSI using the 'FRA6T' relationship, offering a more nuanced estimate of snow distribution across the basins. Additionally, a near-infrared to shortwave infrared ratio threshold is employed to minimize confusion between snow and water, improving the detection of snow cover, particularly in regions near water bodies or during melt periods. The resulting snow cover maps and fSCA estimates provide a detailed picture of snow distribution and melt dynamics, contributing to the assessment of snowmelt’s role in flood risk development. The obtained insights can assist in refining flood forecasting models, improving early warning systems, and supporting informed water resource management in vulnerable regions.
INVESTIGATION OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS BASED ON SINGLE-LAYER SimpleRNN, LSTM AND GRU NETWORKS FOR RECOGNIZING SOUNDS OF UAV DISTANCES
Authors: Utebayeva Dana , Ilipbayeva Lyazzat
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the potential risks posed by easily moving objects have highlighted the need for intelligent surveillance systems in protected areas, primarily to ensure the safety of human lives. Among the most common of these objects are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Recent advances in deep learning techniques for recognizing audio signals have made these techniques effective in identifying moving or aerial objects, especially those powered by engines. And the growing deployment of UAVs has made their rapid recognition in various suspicious or unauthorized circumstances critical. Detecting suspicious drone flights, especially in restricted areas, remains a significant research challenge. It is vital to perform the task of determining their distance in order to quickly detect drones approaching people in such protected areas. Therefore, this paper aims to study the research question of recognizing UAV audio data from different distances. That is, recognizing drone audio at different distances was experimentally studied using Simple RNN, LSTM and GRU based deep learning models. The main objective of this study is based on finding one of the capable types of recurrent network for the task of recognizing UAV audio data at different distances. During the experimental study, the recognition abilities of Single-layer Simple RNN, LSTM and GRU recurrent network types were studied from two basic directions: with recognition accuracy curves and classification reports. As a result, LSTM and GRU based models showed high recognition ability for these types of audio signals. It was noted that UAVs can reliably predict distances greater than 10 meters based on the proposed deep learning architecture.
A Smart QR: Based Library Management System
Authors: Aliyu Muhammad , Mohammed Lele , Zaharadeen Yakubu Ismail
Published: October 2024

This research is important since libraries are becoming more technologically advanced. For thousands of people, libraries continue to be the main source of information, even in the age of digital information. This research goal is aimed to provide a smart, easy and user- friendly method for managing library materials using QR code system. Currently, the majority of library management systems need a lot of finance, resources, supervision, and human work. With the implementation of this Quick response (QR) code management system, lots of challenges and efforts is reduced drastically ranging from; money, time, energy and other resources. Users of libraries can access a single application that powers this management system. Users can use the system to issue, return, and manage library materials with little to no help from library staff, thanks to the QR code capability. The developed management system streamlines operations, maintains an audit trail, and increases user accessibility to the library.
A Study on Ambient Air Quality and Management inCommercial Areas of Gorakhpur City
Authors: Kumar Yadav Sushil , Pandey Govind
Published: October 2024

The current study evaluates the city of Gorakhpur's ambient air quality using an air quality index. For the period January 2018 to November 2022, the 24-hour average concentration of the three primary pollutants SO2, NO2, andPM10 in a commercial area close to Jalkal Bhawan in Gorakhpur city was measured. Pollutant measurements were made between January 2018 and November 2022. The IND-AQI technique was implemented to calculate the Air Quality Index. In July, the highest monthly average concentrations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 were recorded at 401.13, 36.41, and 54.02, respectively. The yearly average SO2 concentration was found to be within the CPCB- recommended limit, while NO2 was found to be slightly above the maximum allowable level. However, PM10 wasconsistently found to be above the CPCB-recommended limit. The average monthly concentration of NO2 is higherthan SO2, and the overall AQI rating was determined to be moderate. The global experiences clearly demonstratedthat international action had been city specific rather than country oriented, and as a result, statistics show a reductionin PM2.5 of 35%–40% in five years for cities like Beijing and Seoul, whereas cities like Santiago and Mexico Cityhave shown reductions in PM2.5 and PM10 concentration of 73% and 61% in 20 to 25 years, respectively. Recent research published in the Lancet found that over the past five years, CO and Sulphur dioxide levels decreased by 28.2% and 54.1%, respectively, while NO2 and O3 concertation showed no considerable improvement. The August2018 TERI and ARAI report examined several interventions and predicted their possible effects. PM2.5 and PM10 levelsin Delhi and the NCR are above average. A different scenario has been developed in light of the intervention that can improve air quality the most. The NCAP produces an estimated national level target of 20%-30% decreasesin PM2.5 and PM10 concentration by 2024 after taking into consideration the existing international and national studies. This keeps 2018 as the baseline year for concentration comparisons. Gorakhpur City has recently experienced an increase in development activity, which has led to particulate matter.
Effect of Social Norms on Turnover Tax Collection among Micro and Small Enterprises in Meru Town, Kenya
Authors: Kithinji Hazel , Oganga Bruce , Chelogoi Stephen
Published: October 2024

The turnover tax has achieved a significantly low level of tax compliance since its introduction. This research examines social norms' impact on turnover tax collection among Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Meru Town, Kenya. This study used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to evaluate the influence of social norms on tax compliance. An Analysis of 367 Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between social norms and tax compliance (β = 0.149, p = 0.007). The report proposed promoting robust tax compliance standards and improving tax education programs via seminars and advertising.
The Road Less Travelled: Exploring the Planning and Preparation for a Critical Social Justice Module by the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Sanjigadu Sebastian
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study aimed to explore the journey of planning and preparation for the implementation of a Critical Social Justice and Citizenship (CSJ) module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Despite political democracy in South Africa, racial, sexist, gender, and cultural pathological issues persist. The CSJ module addresses these challenges by focusing on gender-based violence, racism, gender inequality, classism, and other forms of discrimination. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm and a narrative inquiry approach to investigate the experiences of the planning team and the tutors involved in the CSJ module. Data were generated through observations of workshops, which were presented via photo narratives and individual interviews. The analysis was performed using thematic and content analysis methods. A theoretical framework for the study was based on “Education for Liberation,” which encompasses human rights, inclusion, and education for social justice. The experiences of the planning team and the tutors highlighted both the challenges and the successes encountered during the planning and preparation phases. The identified themes included the importance of collaborative efforts, the need for ongoing support and training, and the evolving understanding of social justice issues by the tutors. Recommendations for future implementation include improving support structures for tutors, continuous professional development, and improving module content based on feedback and experiences. This study contributes to scholarship by providing a detailed account of the development of a social justice-oriented educational module in a higher education context. The study also offers information on the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in the development of educational interventions aimed at promoting social justice.

Keywords: Social Justice, Gender-based violence, Inequality, Classism, Workshops
Home-based care services for elderly dependent adults. A comparative analysis of Madrid and Stockholm
Authors: Diaz Gorfinkiel Magdalena , Elizalde-San Miguel Begoña , Peterson Elin
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the situation of the Home Care Service in the two European cities of Madrid and Stockholm. There are signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the development of this service in these cities which can explained by their diverse welfare models. At the same time, they also show similar trends, such as an ageing population and new demands by the elderly. The text focuses on the evolution of the service in three diﬀerent dimensions: governance, working conditions and the tendering/monitoring system. The analysis is based on qualitative research, showing the predominant discourses among the key actors involved in the design and provision of the service. The results reveal the urgent need to redeﬁne this service to respond to the new demands of the elderly as well as the changing regulatory frameworks.
Along came this song
Authors: Courtis Sarah
Published: October 2024

This article explores the use of songs in fantasy televisual media, considering what types of songs are being sung, where they are placed within the context of the show, and by whom they are being sung. I analyze elements of culture and character that enhance worldbuilding as well as explore the use of repetition through leitmotifs, context, and intertextual references. I focus on songs from
The Witcher: Blood Origin
,
Game of Thrones
, and
The Witcher.
Invoking Petra Zimmerman’s concept of the “semantic co-text” (2013), I examine the context of each song, including what occurs before and after the choice for characters to sing, considering what drives them to the point of song and what it adds to their internal story. This, combined with a hermeneutic approach to semiotic analysis, allows for a close reading of the lyric text. Finally, I draw together the analysis through a consideration of the phonaesthetic choices (
Fimi 2010
) and the performance of each song as an act of “musicking” (Small 1998) to consider them as individual moments as well as connected motifs within the broader fantasy context. Songs in longform fantasy media enrich the fabric of the text and provide audiences textual clues to hook into and return to. Music is integral to cultural practices; therefore, when examining texts which create new fan communities and new fantastic contexts, it is imperative to pursue the elements which support interior authenticity and allow audiences to accept the context and authority of the story being told.
“Trying to follow the Yellow Brick Road, where the dogs of society keep on howling”
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina
Published: October 2024

The Wizard of Oz
(1939) is one of the most often referenced, if not
the
most often referenced, text within US popular culture. The MGM classic starring Judy Garland has largely eclipsed L. Frank Baum’s vast universe of Oz and original book, as the songs (“Somewhere Over the Rainbow”), phrases (“We’re not in Kansas anymore”), and visual iconography (ruby slippers) of the film are regularly alluded to – and have taken on a life of their own. This not only raises
The Wizard of Oz
to mythic status, but it also allows for these references to serve as signifiers immediately understandable to a US-American audience, in what can be called “palimpsestic transmediality,” building on the theories of Gérard Genette, Marie-Laure Ryan, and Henry Jenkins. To illustrate this phenomenon, the article provides a close reading of the Apple TV+ series
Ted Lasso
(2020–23), where
The Wizard of Oz
is used to illustrate the titular protagonist’s journey of personal growth, and thus connects it to a televisual fantastic.
Morphology of Molecular Clouds at Kiloparsec Scale in the Milky Way: Shear-induced Alignment and Vertical Confinement
Authors: Xie Yi-Heng , Li Guang-Xing , Chen Bing-Qiu
Published: October 2024

The shape of the cold interstellar molecular gas is determined by several processes, including self-gravity, tidal force, turbulence, magnetic field, and galactic shear. Based on the 3D dust extinction map derived by Vergely et al., we identify a sample of 550 molecular clouds within 3 kpc of the solar vicinity in the Galactic disk. Our sample contains clouds whose size ranges from parsec to kiloparsec, which enables us to study the effect of Galactic-scale processes, such as shear, on cloud evolution. We find that our sample clouds follow a power-law mass–size relation of

M
∝
32.00

R

max

1.77

,

M
∝
20.59

R

S

2.04

, and

M
∝
14.41

R

V

2.29

, where

R

max

is the major axis-based cloud radius, R

S
is the area-based radius, and R

V
is the volume-based radius, respectively. These clouds have a mean constant surface density of ∼7 M
⊙ pc−2 and follow a volume density–size relation of

ρ
∝
2.60

R

max

−
0.55

. As cloud size increases, their shapes gradually transition from ellipsoidal to disk-like to bar-like structures. Large clouds tend to have a pitch angle of 28°−45°, where the angle is measured concerning the Galactic tangential direction. These giant clouds also tend to stay parallel to the Galactic disk plane and are confined within the Galactic molecular gas disk. Our results show that large molecular clouds in the Milky Way can be shaped by Galactic shear and confined in the vertical direction by gravity.
Inferring Cosmological Parameters on SDSS via Domain-generalized Neural Networks and Light-cone Simulations
Authors: Lee Jun-Young , Kim Ji-hoon , Jung Minyong , Oh Boon Kiat , Jo Yongseok , Park Songyoun , Lee Jaehyun , Ting Yuan-Sen , Hwang Ho Seong
Published: October 2024

We present a proof-of-concept simulation-based inference on Ωm and σ
8 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) LOWZ Northern Galactic Cap (NGC) catalog using neural networks and domain generalization techniques without the need of summary statistics. Using rapid light-cone simulations L-picola, mock galaxy catalogs are produced that fully incorporate the observational effects. The collection of galaxies is fed as input to a point cloud-based network,
Minkowski-PointNet
. We also add relatively more accurate Gadget mocks to obtain robust and generalizable neural networks. By explicitly learning the representations that reduce the discrepancies between the two different data sets via the semantic alignment loss term, we show that the latent space configuration aligns into a single plane in which the two cosmological parameters form clear axes. Consequently, during inference, the SDSS BOSS LOWZ NGC catalog maps onto the plane, demonstrating effective generalization and improving prediction accuracy compared to non-generalized models. Results from the ensemble of 25 independently trained machines find Ωm = 0.339 ± 0.056 and σ
8 = 0.801 ± 0.061, inferred only from the distribution of galaxies in the light-cone slices without relying on any indirect summary statistics. A single machine that best adapts to the Gadget mocks yields a tighter prediction of Ωm = 0.282 ± 0.014 and σ
8 = 0.786 ± 0.036. We emphasize that adaptation across multiple domains can enhance the robustness of the neural networks in observational data.
Windy or Not: Radio Parsec-scale Evidence for a Broad-line Region Wind in Radio-quiet Quasars
Authors: Chen Sina , Laor Ari , Behar Ehud , Baldi Ranieri D. , Gelfand Joseph D. , Kimball Amy E. , McHardy Ian M. , Orosz Gabor , Paragi Zsolt
Published: October 2024

Does a broad-line region (BLR) wind in radio-quiet (RQ) active galactic nuclei (AGN) extend to parsec scales and produce radio emission? We explore the correlations between a parsec-scale radio wind and the BLR wind in a sample of 19 RQ Palomar–Green quasars. The radio wind is defined based on the spectral slope and the compactness of the emission at 1.5–5 GHz, and the BLR wind is defined by the excess blue wing in the C iv emission line profile. The five objects with both radio and BLR wind indicators are found at high Eddington ratios, L/L
Edd (≥0.66), and eight of the nine objects with neither radio nor BLR winds reside at low L/L
Edd (≤0.28). This suggests that the BLR wind and the radio wind in RQ AGN are related to a radiation-pressure-driven wind. Evidence for free–free absorption by AGN photoionized gas, which flattens the spectral slope, is found in two objects. Radio outflows in three low-L/L
Edd (0.05–0.12) objects are likely from a low-power jet, as suggested by additional evidence. The presence of a mild equatorial BLR wind in four intermediate-L/L
Edd (0.2–0.4) objects can be tested with future spectropolarimetry.
JADES: Spectroscopic Confirmation and Proper Motion for a T-Dwarf at 2 kpc
Authors: Hainline Kevin N. , D’Eugenio Francesco , Sun Fengwu , Helton Jakob M. , Miles Brittany E. , Marley Mark S. , Lew Ben W. P. , Leisenring Jarron M. , Bunker Andrew J. , Cargile Phillip A. , Carniani Stefano , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Juodžbalis Ignas , Johnson Benjamin D. , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A.
Published: October 2024

Large area observations of extragalactic deep fields with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have provided a wealth of candidate low-mass L- and T-class brown dwarfs. The existence of these sources, which are at derived distances of hundreds of parsecs to several kiloparsecs from the Sun, has strong implications for the low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function, and the link between stars and planets at low metallicities. In this letter, we present a JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectrum of brown dwarf JADES-GS-BD-9, confirming its photometric selection from observations taken as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Fits to this spectrum indicate that the brown dwarf has an effective temperature of 800–900 K (T5–T6) at a distance of 1.8–2.3 kpc from the Sun, with evidence of the source being at low metallicity ([M/H] ≤ −0.5). Finally, because of the cadence of JADES NIRCam observations of this source, we additionally uncover a proper motion between the 2022 and 2023 centroids, and we measure a proper motion of 20 ± 4 mas yr−1 (a transverse velocity of 214 km s−1 at 2.25 kpc). At this predicted metallicity, distance, and transverse velocity, it is likely that this source belongs either to the edge of the Milky Way thick disk or the galactic halo. This spectral confirmation demonstrates the efficacy of photometric selection of these important sources across deep extragalactic JWST imaging.
Binary Yellow Supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds. I. Photometric Candidate Identification
Authors: O’Grady Anna J. G. , Drout Maria R. , Neugent Kathryn F. , Ludwig Bethany , Götberg Ylva , Gaensler B. M.
Published: October 2024

Recent works have constrained the binary fraction of evolved populations of massive stars in local galaxies such as red supergiants and Wolf–Rayet stars, but the binary fraction of yellow supergiants (YSGs) in the Hertzsprung gap remains unconstrained. Binary evolution theory predicts that the Hertzsprung gap is home to multiple populations of binary systems with varied evolutionary histories. In this paper, we develop a method to distinguish single YSGs from YSG plus O- or B-type main-sequence binaries using optical and ultraviolet photometry, and then apply this method to identify candidate YSG binaries in the Magellanic Clouds. After constructing a set of combined stellar atmosphere models, we find that optical photometry is, given typical measurement and reddening uncertainties, sufficient to discern single YSGs from YSG+OB binaries if the OB-star is at least ∼5M
⊙ for T
eff,YSG ∼ 4000 K, but requires a ∼20M
⊙ OB star for YSGs up to T
eff,YSG ∼ 9000 K. For these hotter YSG temperatures, ultraviolet photometry allows binaries with OB companions as small as ∼7M
⊙ to be identified. We use color–color spaces developed from these models to search for evidence of excess blue or ultraviolet light in a set of ∼1000 YSG candidates in the Magellanic Clouds. We identify hundreds of candidate YSG binary systems and report a preliminary fraction of YSGs that show a blue/UV color excess of 20%–60%. Spectroscopic follow-up is now required to confirm the true nature of this population.
Current Sheet Broadening due to Turbulence in Three-dimensional Collisionless Reconnection
Authors: Fujimoto Keizo
Published: October 2024

The present study has investigated the statistical distribution of the current sheet width across the reconnection diffusion region by means of the 3D particle-in-cell simulations. The 3D reconnection layers are unstable to the flow shear instabilities, which results in electromagnetic (EM) turbulence generating effective magnetic dissipation around the x-line. The simulations are performed for several ion-to-electron mass ratios and computational domain sizes, which determine the fastest-growing mode in each simulation run. When the turbulence is weak, the current sheet width increases with the turbulence intensity, following a theoretical curve independent of the mass ratio and domain size. However, when the turbulence is stronger, the width saturates at a low level around 2 times the local electron inertia length, i.e., much smaller than the ion kinetic scales. It is found that the intense inductive electric field due to the EM turbulence is partly canceled out by the eddy viscous effect. As a result, the reconnection electric field is almost unchanged during the quasi-steady phase, regardless of the turbulence intensity. The result implies that the magnetohydrodynamic turbulence models are unlikely to be applicable to the reconnection diffusion region.
The Distance to Dobashi 6193—A Dark Cloud Shadowing the eROSITA Bubbles
Authors: Yeung Michael C. H. , Freyberg Michael J.
Published: October 2024

We focus on a prominent gas cloud, Dobashi 6193, toward the western base of the northern eROSITA bubble (eRObub). It can potentially put a tight distance constraint on the eRObubs and clarify the emissions of the Loop I superbubble from the eRObubs. We found its distance to be 700 pc based on Gaia DR3 stellar extinction and parallax measurements, making it one of the most distant clouds shadowing the eRObubs well above the Galactic disk.
Quantifying the use of natural history collections
Authors: Caspers Max , Willemse Luc , Raes Niels , Smets Erik , Schalk Peter , Bánki Olaf , Gijswijt Gideon
Published: October 2024

Measuring the use of natural history collections is essential to understand their past and present impact on science, to underpin decisions about their management and to assist with deploying them optimally to address societal challenges. Using the vast natural history collections of Naturalis Biodiversity Center as an example, this paper assesses the significance and relevance of quantifying collection use. Four aspects are discussed: 1. standardisation, 2. relevance of having standardised metrics on collection use, 3. the level of detail and completeness of the information and 4. the interactions between digitisation of collections and physical collection use. Based on a set of transparent and objective parameters to describe collection use, it is proposed to further develop these into international standards.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Korean Ischnochiton species (Polyplacophora, Ischnochitonidae) based on a combined analysis of morphological and molecular data
Authors: Park Jina , Kim Yukyung , Putri Eggy Triana , Park Joong-Ki
Published: October 2024

Chiton species belonging to the genus Ischnochiton J. E. Gray, 1847 are commonly found in intertidal rocky shores worldwide, with the exception of the northern Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Ischnochiton species are characterised by imbricate girdle scales that are uniform in size, rounded, sculpted with striae or occasionally smooth. However, their species-level taxonomy is complicated due to the high variation in their shell microstructures. Despite more than a hundred species reported worldwide, taxonomic studies of this group remain relatively unexplored in Korean waters, with only a few species recorded to date.

In this study, we compared the microstructural characteristics of tegmentum sculpture, girdle scales and radula amongst four Korean Ischnochiton species using high-resolution microscopic images and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Along with mtDNA cox1 sequence comparison, a comprehensive analysis of their morphology revealed that I. hayamii Owada, 2018 was identified for the first time in Korean waters. This species is morphologically distinguished by its small body size of adults, smooth lateral areas on valves and small perinotum scales sculptured with weak longitudinal ribs. Phylogenetic analysis of the mtDNA cox1 sequence provides distinct resolution at the species level, but interrelationships amongst Ischnochiton species remain unresolved. Results from the morphological and molecular analyses presented in this study offer valuable taxonomic information for accurate species identification amongst closely-related Ischnochiton species.
Biofertilizers: A sustainable strategy for enhancing physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil
Authors: Ghimirey Vivek , Chaurasia Jay , Acharya Nobel , Dhungana Roshni , Chaurasiya Sony
Published: October 2024

A biofertilizer is a biologically derived substance that can enhance soil fertility. It is beneficial for enhancing soil fertility by introducing microorganisms that produce organic nutrients and perhaps decreasing plant illnesses. An extensive review was done to examine the efficacy of several biofertilizers in improving soil properties, including their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The secondary data and material for the article were gathered from a variety of sources, including government reports, published research papers, reports from various organizations, and pertinent websites that were examined and their conclusions presented. Although biofertilizers have proven to be a very sustainable method for improving soil quality and increasing crop output, there is a lack of extensive research on their effects on soil’s physical, chemical, and biological aspects. This study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of various biofertilizers and their effects. This investigation indicated that biofertilizers such as Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizers, and potassium solubilizers help to increase NPK content in the soil leading to an increase in the productivity of soil. Moreover, biofertilizers help to enhance soil physical properties (soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil color), chemical properties (soil pH, soil nitrogen content, soil phosphorus content, soil potassium content, and soil organic carbon content), and chemical properties (population of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes). Overall, by overcoming the challenges with biofertilizers in agriculture, we can attain agricultural sustainability.
Sertulum Ternstroemiacearum VII. Sinopsis del género Ternstroemia (Ternstroemiaceae) en Venezuela
Authors: Grande A. Jose R. , Castillo S. † Aníbal
Published: October 2024

Ternstroemia es un género con ca. 141 especies de los trópicos húmedos del mundo, con una especie que alcanza Corea y Japón. Una conjunción de ecosistemas higrófilos y sistemas de montaña con alta diversidad e historias geológicas complementarias, convierte a Venezuela en el país con el mayor número de especies a nivel global, incluyendo una alta densidad de taxones (ca. 2,8 × 10-5spp./km2) y un elevado grado de endemismo (32%). Se reconocen 28 especies, una de ellas descrita aquí (Ternstroemia igapicola sp. nov.), y se proponen seis sinónimos nuevos (Ternstroemia brevipes var. blanchetii, T. camelliifolia var. minor, T. grandiosa, T. laevigata, [previamente sinonimizada, pero bajo un concepto diferente], T T. steyermarkii var. submontana y T. unilocularis), cinco lectotipificaciones (T. andina, T. brevipes, T. camelliifolia, T. meridionalis, T. meridionalis var. nigricans y T. schomburgkiana) y siete registros nuevos por país (T. klugiana, T. prancei y T. schomburgkiana para Venezuela, T. discoidea y T. klugiana para Brasil, T. crassifolia para Colombia y T. distyla para Perú). Ternstroemia gleasoniana es confirmada para Venezuela, mientras T . brasiliensis y T. punctata, previamente reportadas para ese país, son excluidas. Una clave, cuatro ilustraciones, tres mapas y una tabla permiten diferenciar las especies aceptadas.
« Acteurs et enjeux de l’ethnicité : nouvelles perspectives » : Compte rendu du 11ème Colloque du CEETUM pour étudiants et jeunes diplômés, les 2 & 3 avril 2009
Authors: Odden Gunhild , Simon-Lorière Hélène
Published: October 2024

Le colloque annuel du Centre d’études ethniques des universités montréalaises (CEETUM) propose à des étudiants de niveau Master ou à des doctorants de présenter leurs recherches.Cette année, « Acteurs et enjeux de l’ethnicité : nouvelles perspectives » était de le thème de cette 11ème édition. Environ soixante communications ont été présentées lors de ces deux journées, marquées par une très bonne organisation et des sujets inédits.
Analyse comparative de trois bases de données bibliographiques sur les migrations internationales : CIEMI, MigrinterNet et REMISIS
Authors: Leroy Bénédicte
Published: October 2024

Les trois bases de données bibliographiques – CIEMI, MigrinterNet et REMISIS – se définissent comme thématiques, portant sur les migrations internationales. Accessibles gratuitement sur Internet, elles possèdent leurs spécificités en matière technique, mais aussi en matière de contenu.
L’accueil des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés en Belgique
Authors: Dermine Céline
Published: October 2024

Le 27 janvier 2003, le Conseil de l’Union européenne a pris une directive relative aux normes minimales pour l’accueil des demandeurs d’asile dans les Etats membres1. Cette directive constitue la première étape d’un processus, initié suite à l’entrée en vigueur du Traité d’Amsterdam2 et suite aux Conseils européens de Tampere3 et de La Haye4, visant l’établissement d’un régime d’asile commun et d’un statut de réfugié uniforme au niveau de l’Union européenne. Son objectif est de fixer des normes minimales sur les conditions d’accueil des demandeurs d’asile afin de leur assurer une vie digne, de leur accorder des conditions de vie comparables dans tous les Etats membres, ainsi que de limiter les mouvements secondaires des demandeurs d’asile, motivés par la diversité des conditions d’accueil.
Politiche e pratiche di accoglienza dei minori stranieri non accompagnati in Italia
Authors: Giovannetti Monia
Published: October 2024

Nella storia d’Italia la consuetudine ad emigrare in giovanissima età ha origini antiche con particolare accentuazione nel corso dell’800. Come narrano gli storici dell’emigrazione italiana “nelle compagnie di artigiani che già in età moderna si riversavano periodicamente nelle città al di là delle Alpi per offrire i loro servizi o manufatti - venditori di passamanerie, spazzacamini, ramai, impagliatori di sedie, bottai, chiodai, stucchinai e arrotini - i minorenni erano sempre presenti. Nelle zone appenniniche e nelle vallate alpine i bambini, a partire dai 10 anni, venivano consegnati a suonatori e artigiani in base ad un contratto della durata di 30 mesi” [Bianchi, 2002].
Whose problem? Addressing child trafficking in France and Britain
Authors: Daguerre Anne
Published: October 2024

This article analyses policy responses to child trafficking in France and Britain in the early 2000s. Although the issue of child trafficking has been a growing public concern worldwide and within the European Union, the phenomenon remains extremely difficult to quantify, due to the lack of an internationalised agreed definition and related problems of data collection (Terre des Hommes 2004, Kelly 2005).
Deft Organizational Maneuverability as an Alignment With Organizational Viability … Or, “But We've Always Done It This Way”
Authors: Crawford Caroline M. , Dillard II James L.
Published: October 2024

Embedded higher education organization participants within higher education organizations engaged in a reflective interview process, a critically analytic journey, considering organizational viability within the bounds of higher education topics of impact and influence, including higher education as an organizational imperative, learning and unlearning as an organization, ethics and integrity as organizational practices, and the higher education organization's place and space within the larger society within which it is ensconced. The organizational viability and experiential understanding support the analysis of participant transcripts that reflect deeply personal journeys and experiences within the higher education organizational milieu. The findings focus upon three overarching thematic findings that emphasize socialization, collegiality, and political positioning and leapfrogging forward.
From Data to Decisions
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Khurana Rahul , Chandel Ajay , Kumar Shubham
Published: October 2024

This research scrutinises 303 scholarly publications from 2012 to 2023, probing the intersection of Big Data and Human Resource Management (HRM). The study unveils significant trends, seminal works, publication avenues, notable authors, institutions, and countries around this dynamic domain. By gathering enormous continuous data regarding choices and behaviour patterns of the workforce and employing advanced analytics, organisations are now equipped to glean invaluable insights into workforce behaviour and organisational dynamics. The findings provide a comprehensive snapshot of the evolving landscape, offering critical insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the juncture of HRM and Big Data. This study also attracts future research by shedding light on the underlying gaps in the prevailing literature.
Leadership's Role in Promoting a Culture of Learning in the Organization
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Talukder Mohammad Badruddoza
Published: October 2024

It has been argued that leaders must champion organizational culture, especially learning culture. Thus, leaders create an organizational culture that supports constant learning and personal growth and development of the subordinates. This chapter focuses on effective leadership's role in creating a learning culture by nurturing and supporting mentorship and knowledge sharing through previous literature. Moreover, it focuses on the effects of leadership behaviors on several outcomes, including employee engagement, innovativeness and organizational flexibility. The chapter also accentuates the need to foster a culture of innovation and permission to fail and learn and a broader and safer environment for one to fail. Lastly, a leadership-supported learning culture is valuable for organizational performance because organizations become more flexible and competitive in the never-ending business environment. The present paper provides helpful information for leaders willing to foster a culture of learning and development in organizations.
Next Generation of Non-Profit Leaders
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Yadav Mohit , Nghiem Xuan-Hoa , Chaudhary Shilpa
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the essential skills and experiences required for the next generation of non-profit leaders in India. Through expert interviews, key themes emerged including adaptability, innovation, data-driven decision making, collaboration, social impact measurement, and effective communication. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive skillset to navigate the evolving non-profit landscape. Implications for leadership development, curriculum design, and organizational practices are discussed. The study contributes to understanding the evolving role of non-profit leaders and provides recommendations for fostering future leadership in the sector.
Addictive Product Endorsement by Celebrity Sports Players
Authors: Singh Rai Jaskirat , Itani Maher N.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of addictive products endorsement by celebrity sports players on their credibility, image, and trustworthiness, as well as on consumers' behavioural intentions to purchase these products. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 362 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis and covariance-based structural equation modelling techniques were applied to the data. The findings revealed that celebrities' credibility, image, and trustworthiness were tarnished after they endorsed addictive products, which ultimately led to negative purchase behaviours among consumers. This implies that sports celebrities should consider whether a product is suitable before endorsing it and that corporate managers should select appropriate celebrity personalities for endorsement.