bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habilidades Genéricas Essenciais aos Graduandos em Contabilidade: O Estado da Arte dos Estudos Publicados na “Accounting Education: An International Journal” no Período de 2000 a 2015
Authors: NASCIMENTO JOAO CARLOS HIPOLITO BERNARDES DO , Macedo Marcelo Alvaro da Silva , Siqueira José Ricardo Maia de
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo buscou revisar o estado de arte da pesquisa sobre habilidades genéricas dos graduandos em contabilidade, propondo uma agenda de pesquisa aplicável ao contexto brasileiro. Por meio da uma revisão de 59 estudos publicados no Accounting Education: an international journal no período de 2000 a 2015 que abrange as primeiras iniciativas de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade, notou-se uma conscientização acerca da importância de integrar o ensino das competências genéricas durante toda a graduação. No entanto, apesar do mapeamento das percepções dos diferentes atores envolvidos, verifica-se que a persistência de uma lacuna significativa entre o desenvolvimento de competências genéricas da forma como é concebida no ensino superior e como esta é efetivamente praticada no local de trabalho, o que possibilita o vislumbre de algumas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas aplicadas ao contexto brasileiro.
Ensino de Contabilidade Gerencial: o “gap” entre a formação e prática ainda persiste?
Authors: Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin , Panucci-Filho Laurindo , Michels Andressa
Published: June 2017

Este estudo, de natureza descritiva e exploratória, com tratamento quantitativo de dados e coleta por meio de survey, teve como objetivo comparar a lacuna identificada em estudos anteriores entre o ensino e a prática de contabilidade gerencial, na percepção dos Acadêmicos da área (Professores) e Profissionais de mercado (Praticantes), e identificar as habilidades que os profissionais e acadêmicos consideram importantes aos recém-formados. De uma amostra de 28 Acadêmicos e 50 Praticantes, pode-se concluir que a lacuna existente, identificada em estudos anteriores, não se manteve, inclusive os resultados extraídos por meio de médias, moda e análise de variância (ANOVA) confirmam uma relação de proximidade entre os dois grupos (Acadêmicos e Praticantes). As habilidades e características pessoais nesta amostra não apresentaram variância significativa, concluindo-se que não há diferença entre os respondentes sobre a percepção do ensino e da prática de contabilidade gerencial.
O PERFIL EMPREENDEDOR EM UM CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE INGRESSANTES E CONCLUINTES
Authors: Da Silva Ana Cláudia , Ferreira Luiz Felipe , Demarche Minatti Ferreira Denize , Rodrigues Machado de Araujo Alessandra
Published: June 2017

O ensino empreendedor de qualidade no ensino superior torna-se fundamental para que o país obtenha empreendedores de sucesso. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil empreendedor dos alunos do Curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), comparando os resultados entre ingressantes e concluintes. A pesquisa tem classificação metodológica exploratória e descritiva, abordagem quali-quantitativa, com uma amostra de 72 ingressantes e 71 concluintes. O instrumento de pesquisa aplicado foi o Teste de Monterrey (DEMAC, 1990). Dentre os principais resultados percebeu-se por meio da análise que nenhum dos alunos alcançou pontuação para os níveis mais elevados de perfil empreendedor. Com isso, tem-se que os concluintes tendem a ter maior características empreendedoras em relação aos ingressantes, tendo-se um indicativo de que o curso de Ciências Contábeis da UFSC, contribui para que seus acadêmicos se tornem cada vez mais empreendedores.
A fotografia em unidades de informação: valor informativo e permanente
Authors: Silva Sonia Maria Ferreira da , Duarte Zeny
Published: June 2017

Tratar-se de revisão teórica sobre a fotografia enquanto documento permanente e de valor comprobatório, informativo e histórico, recolhida e acumulada em unidades de informação (arquivo, biblioteca, museu). Para além das particularidades inerentes de cada uma dessas unidades, em arquivo o acervo fotográfico é reconhecido como conjunto documental, em biblioteca como coleção, e em museu como peças. A fotografia é um suporte documental que exerce imenso fascínio, por registrar a imagem como ela é e, por ser polissêmica, assim sendo, disponibiliza infinita representação e interpretação. Destacar-se-á estudo acerca da fotografia como documento disseminador de informação, sua relevância e a relação que possui com diversas áreas do conhecimento. Concluir-se-á que, por possuir características específicas, inclusive relacionada ao suporte, a fotografia necessita de distintos tratamentos, a partir de estudos em textos de autores consagrados para a melhor compreensão desse peculiar documento, analisado sob o ponto de vista do arquivo, da biblioteca e do museu.
Nonlinear response of iceberg side melting to ocean currents
Authors: FitzMaurice A. , Cenedese C. , Straneo F.
Published: June 2017

Icebergs calving into Greenlandic Fjords frequently experience strongly sheared flows over their draft, but the impact of this flow past the iceberg is not fully captured by existing parameterizations. We present a series of novel laboratory experiments to determine the dependence of submarine melting along iceberg sides on a background flow. We show, for the first time, that two distinct regimes of melting exist depending on the flow magnitude and consequent behavior of melt plumes (side‐attached or side‐detached), with correspondingly different meltwater spreading characteristics. When this velocity dependence is included in melt parameterizations, melt rates estimated for observed icebergs in the attached regime increase, consistent with observed iceberg submarine melt rates. We show that both attached and detached plume regimes are relevant to icebergs observed in a Greenland fjord. Further, depending on the regime, iceberg meltwater may either be confined to a surface layer or distributed over the iceberg draft.
Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations
Authors: Ehlmann B. L. , Edgett K. S. , Sutter B. , Achilles C. N. , Litvak M. L. , Lapotre M. G. A. , Sullivan R. , Fraeman A. A. , Arvidson R. E. , Blake D. F. , Bridges N. T. , Conrad P. G. , Cousin A. , Downs R. T. , Gabriel T. S. J. , Gellert R. , Hamilton V. E. , Hardgrove C. , Johnson J. R. , Kuhn S. , Mahaffy P. R. , Maurice S. , McHenry M. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Ming D. W. , Minitti M. E. , Morookian J. M. , Morris R. V. , O'Connell‐Cooper C. D. , Pinet P. C. , Rowland S. K. , Schröder S. , Siebach K. L. , Stein N. T. , Thompson L. M. , Vaniman D. T. , Vasavada A. R. , Wellington D. F. , Wiens R. C. , Yen A. S.
Published: June 2017

The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45–500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust‐covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt‐sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse‐sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near‐infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand‐sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si‐enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O‐ or OH‐bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
Impact of space weather on the satellite industry
Authors: Green J. C. , Likar J. , Shprits Yuri
Published: June 2017

This paper describes space weather impacts to the satellite infrastructure as perceived by satellite industry stakeholders. The information was gathered through in‐person and remote meetings with both satellite operators and manufacturers. The paper describes current impacts, industry processes for managing and mitigating impacts, costs, and industry needs and requirements. Lastly, we suggest potential improvements and solutions to problem areas based on our observation of the industry processes including (1) improved tools for quick anomaly attribution, (2) training, and (3) coordinated information sharing.
MiR‐101 inhibits ovarian carcinogenesis by repressing the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Xu Ying , Xu Lei , Zheng Jianbin , Geng Lei , Zhao Shuping
Published: June 2017

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignant gynecological tumors as a result of difficulties in early‐stage detection and a lack of effective treatments for patients with advanced or recurrent cancer. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether some of the microRNA (miRNA) content of serum might be related to ovarian cancer, as well as the role of these miRNAs and their intercellular transport via exosomes in ovarian cancer. We first detected the expression of six candidate miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor ovarian samples from 36 patients and confirmed the altered expression of four miRNAs. The level of these six candidate miRNAs was also examined in exosomes from patient serum samples. Only the level of miR‐101 was altered in both ovarian tissue samples and serum exosomes. After prediction using online bioinformatics tools and confirmation by dual‐luciferase assay and immunoblotting, we identified that miR‐101 can repress the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor by targeting its 3′‐UTR. Using Transwell assays, we examined the effect of miR‐101 on migration and invasion capacity of ovarian cancer cells. The results indicated that the reduction of miR‐101 is mostly related to significant enhanced ovarian cancer cell migration. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that miR‐101 content in serum exosomes has potential as a marker for diagnosis of ovarian cancer and that miR‐101 mimics are potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Antibody‐Mimetic Peptoid Nanosheet for Label‐Free Serum‐Based Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhao Zijian , Cheng Peng , He Zhaohui , Cheng Zhiqiang , Peng Jiaxi , Wang Huayi , Wang Chen , Yang Yanlian , Hu Zhiyuan
Published: June 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Current diagnosis of AD is based on symptoms, neuropsychological tests, and neuroimaging, and is usually evident years after the pathological process. Early assessment at the preclinical or prodromal stage is in a great demand since treatment after the onset can hardly stop or reverse the disease progress. However, early diagnosis of AD is challenging due to the lack of reliable noninvasive approaches. Here, an antibody‐mimetic self‐assembling peptoid nanosheet containing surface‐exposed Aβ42‐recognizing loops is constructed, and a label‐free sensor for the detection of AD serum is developed. The loop‐displaying peptoid nanosheet is demonstrated to have high affinity to serum Aβ42, and to be able to identify AD sera with high sensitivity. The dense distribution of molecular recognition loops on the robust peptoid nanosheet scaffold not only mimics the architecture of antibodies, but also reduces the nonspecific binding in detecting multicomponent samples. This antibody‐mimetic 2D material holds great potential toward the blood‐based diagnosis of AD, and meanwhile provides novel insights into the antibody alternative engineering and the universal application in biological and chemical sensors.
In‐Plane Electrical Connectivity and Near‐Field Concentration of Isolated Graphene Resonators Realized by Ion Beams
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Cai Wei , Xiang Yinxiao , Wu Wei , Shi Bin , Jiang Xiaojie , Zhang Ni , Ren Mengxin , Zhang Xinzheng , Xu Jingjun
Published: June 2017

Graphene plasmons provide great opportunities in light–matter interactions benefiting from the extreme confinement and electrical tunability. Structured graphene cavities possess enhanced confinements in 3D and steerable plasmon resonances, potential in applications for sensing and emission control at the nanoscale. Besides graphene boundaries obtained by mask lithography, graphene defects engineered by ion beams have shown efficient plasmon reflections. In this paper, near‐field responses of structured graphene achieved by ion beam direct‐writing are investigated. Graphene nanoresonators are fabricated easily and precisely with a spatial resolution better than 30 nm. Breathing modes are observed in graphene disks. The amorphous carbons around weaken the response of edge modes in the resonators, but meanwhile render the isolated resonators in‐plane electrical connections, where near‐fields are proved gate‐tunable. The realization of gate‐tunable near‐fields of graphene 2D resonators opens up tunable near‐field couplings with matters. Moreover, graphene nonconcentric rings with engineered near‐field confinement distributions are demonstrated, where the quadrupole plasmon modes are excited. Near‐field mappings reveal concentrations at the scale of within certain zones which can be engineered. The realization of electrically tunable graphene nanoresonators by ion beam direct‐writing is promising for active manipulation of emission and sensing at the nanoscale.
Nanometer‐Scale Phase Transformation Determines Threshold and Memory Switching Mechanism
Authors: Chae Byeong‐Gyu , Seol Jae‐Bok , Song Jeong‐Hwan , Baek Kyungjoon , Oh Sang‐Ho , Hwang Hyunsang , Park Chan‐Gyung
Published: June 2017

Creation of nanometer‐scale conductive filaments in resistive switching devices makes them appealing for advanced electrical applications. While in situ electrical probing transmission electron microscopy promotes fundamental investigations of how the conductive filament comes into existence, it does not provide proof‐of‐principle observations for the filament growth. Here, using advanced microscopy techniques, electrical, 3D compositional, and structural information of the switching‐induced conductive filament are described. It is found that during in situ probing microscopy of a Ag/TiO2/Pt device showing both memory‐ and threshold‐switching characteristics, a crystalline Ag‐doped TiO2 forms at vacant sites on the device surface and acts as the conductive filament. More importantly, change in filament morphology varying with applied compliance currents determines the underlying switching mechanisms that govern either memory or threshold response. When focusing more on threshold switching features, it is demonstrated that the structural disappearance of the filament arises at the end of the constricted region and leads to the spontaneous phase transformation from crystalline conductive state into an initial amorphous insulator. Use of the proposed method enables a new pathway for observing nanosized features in a variety of devices at the atomic scale in three dimensions.
Base‐Promoted Tandem Reaction towards Conjugated Dienone or Chromone Derivatives with a Cyano Group: Insertion of Alkynes into C–C σ‐Bonds of 3‐Oxopropanenitriles
Authors: Yao Qiyi , Kong Lingkai , Zhang Fangfang , Tao Xianghua , Li Yanzhong
Published: June 2017

Base‐promoted insertion reactions of alkynes into the C–C σ‐bonds of α‐cyano ketones were established to construct highly functionalized conjugated olefins or chromone derivatives via transition metal‐free tandem reactions. These reactions are initialized through the nucleophilic attack of α‐cyano ketones to alkynones followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition/ring‐opening to furnish the cyano‐containing alkenes. In the cases of alkynones bearing an ortho‐halide‐substituted aryl ring, a further C–O bond coupling reaction occurs to afford chromone derivatives in good to high yields. Various alkynones bearing alkyl or aryl substituents were compatible in the reaction. This reaction has the potential to become a general synthetic protocol for the preparation of cyano‐substituted olefins and chromones due to the abundance of easily accessible starting materials possessing diverse substituent groups.

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Progress in Developing Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Yi , Niu Shuwen , Han Dongdong , Liu Tianyu , Wang Gongming , Li Yat
Published: June 2017

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents an environmentally friendly and sustainable method to obtain hydrogen fuel. Semiconductor materials as the central components in PEC water splitting cells have decisive influences on the device's solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency. Among semiconductors, metal oxides have received a lot of attention due to their outstanding (photo)‐electrochemical stability, low cost, favorable band edge positions and wide distribution of bandgaps. In the past decades, significant processes have been made in developing metal oxide nanomaterials for PEC water splitting. In this review, the recent progress using metal oxides as photoelectrodes and co‐catalysts for PEC water splitting is summarized. Their performance, limitations and potentials are also discussed. Last, the key challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of metal oxide nanomaterials for PEC water splitting are discussed.
Spatial Charge Storage within Honeycomb‐Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Supercapacitors with High Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Sheng Lizhi , Jiang Lili , Wei Tong , Liu Zheng , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: June 2017

Carbon‐based supercapacitors store charge through the adsorption of electrolyte ions onto the carbon surface. Therefore, it would be more attractive for the enhanced charge storage if the locations for storing charge can be extended from carbon surface to space. Here, a novel spatial charge storage mechanism based on counterion effect from Fe(CN)63− ions bridged by oxygen groups and confined into honeycomb‐carbon frameworks is presented, which can provide additionally spatial charge storage for electrical double‐layer capacitances in a negative potential region and pseudocapacitances from Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− in a positive potential region. More importantly, an ultrafast supercapacitor based on this novelty carbon can be charged/discharged within 0.7 s to deliver both high specific energy of 15 W h kg−1 and ultrahigh specific power of 79.1 kW kg−1 in 1 m Na2SO4 electrolyte, much higher than those of previously reported asymmetric supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes, as well as excellent cycling stability. These features suggest a new generation of ultrafast asymmetric supercapacitors as novel high‐performance energy storage devices.
Investigation of hydrodynamics in bubble column with internals using radioactive particle tracking (RPT)
Authors: Kalaga Dinesh V. , Pant H. J. , Dalvi Sameer V. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. , Roy Shantanu
Published: June 2017

Even though many experimental investigations are reported on this subject of liquid velocity patterns in bubble columns, most of the reported work is restricted to measurements at the near wall regions, columns without internals, and in low dispersed phase hold‐ups. In the present work, a non‐invasive radioactive particle tracking technique was employed to quantify the hydrodynamic parameters in 120 mm diameter bubble column with, and without vertical rod internals, using air/water system as the working fluids. The superficial air velocities cover a wide range of flow regimes: from 14 to 265 mm/s. Experiments were performed for two internals configurations with percentage obstruction area varied from 0 (without internals) to 11.7%. We report that the liquid phase hydrodynamics depends strongly on superficial gas velocity and internals. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 2017
Robust Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Catalyst‐Poisoning ortho‐Sulfanyl Aryl Halides with Tetraarylborates and Its Application to Synthesis of π‐Extended Dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Vasu Dhananjayan , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Saito Hayate , Yanagi Tomoyuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: June 2017

Bis(tri‐tert‐butylphosphine)palladium‐catalyzed arylation of ortho‐sulfanyl aryl halides with sodium tetraarylborates proceeds smoothly without any additional bases in high yields, providing a reliable route to 2‐sulfanylbiaryls. The conditions are applicable to aryl chloride and iodide as well as bromides. A variety of functional groups were tolerated. This arylation protocol offers a practical solution to overcome the poisoning behavior of aryl sulfides in such cross‐coupling arylation. In addition, our strategy provides a short and efficient access to dibenzothiophenes in combination with a Pummerer‐type cyclization.
Enge molekulare Erkennung von Benzo[a]pyren durch einen hochaffinen Antikörper
Authors: Eichinger Andreas , Neumaier Irmgard , Pschenitza Michael , Niessner Reinhard , Knopp Dietmar , Skerra Arne
Published: June 2017

Benzo[a]pyren entsteht bei der unvollständigen Verbrennung von organischem Material und ist wegen seiner karzinogenen metabolischen Abbauprodukte ein verbreiteter Umweltgiftstoff. Der hochaffine (KD≈3 nm) monoklonale Antikörper 22F12 ermöglicht die einfache bioanalytische Quantifizierung von Benzo[a]pyren auch in komplexer Matrix. Hier wird über dessen funktionelle und röntgenkristallographische Analyse im Komplex mit 3‐Hydroxybenzo[a]pyren nach Klonierung der V‐Gene und Produktion als rekombinantes Fab‐Fragment berichtet. Der polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoff wird in einer tiefen Tasche zwischen leichter und schwerer Kette gebunden, wo er hauptsächlich von aromatischen und aliphatischen Aminosäureseitenketten umgeben ist. Die Hapten/Antikörper‐Grenzfläche ist weniger dicht gepackt als erwartet und weist auch polare, H‐Brücken‐artige Wechselwirkungen mit dem polycyclischen aromatischen π‐Elektronensystem auf, die es dem Antikörper vermutlich gestatten, eine große, überwiegend hydrophobe Bindungsstelle in wässriger Umgebung aufrechtzuerhalten, die gleichzeitig genügende Komplementarität zum Liganden bietet.
Alkynes as Electrophilic or Nucleophilic Allylmetal Precursors in Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Haydl Alexander M. , Breit Bernhard , Liang Tao , Krische Michael J.
Published: June 2017

Diverse late transition metal catalysts convert terminal or internal alkynes into transient allylmetal species that display electrophilic or nucleophilic properties. Whereas classical methods for the generation of allylmetal species often form stoichiometric by‐products, the recent use of alkynes as allylmetal precursors enables completely atom‐efficient catalytic processes to be carried out, including enantioselective transformations.
Crista Supraventricularis Purkinje Network and Its Relation to Intraseptal Purkinje Network
Authors: De Almeida Marcos C. , Araujo Mayssa , Duque Mathias , Vilhena Virginia
Published: June 2017

Using transparent specimens with a dual color injection, microscopy, and computer tomography, this report shows that the right and left ventricular subendocardial Purkinje networks are connected by an extensive septal network in the bovine heart. The septal network is present along the entire septum except at a free zone below ventricular valves. Being the only communication of the basal right septum with the right free wall, the supraventricular crest is an enigmatic but not, by any means, hidden muscular structure. It is one of the last structures to be activated in human heart. It is shown here that the supraventricular crest Purkinje network connects the anterosuperior right ventricular basal free wall Purkinje network to anterior right ventricular basal septal Purkinje network. It is suggested that the stimulus initiated at middle left ventricular endocardium will activate the supraventricular crest. The intraseptal connection found between the basal left ventricular subendocardial septal Purkinje network and the right ventricular basal septal Purkinje network is, probably, the pathway for the stimulus. An anatomic basis is provided to explain why the inflow tract contracts earlier than the outflow tract in the right ventricle systole. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1793–1801, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peripheral Immunophenotyping Identifies Three Subgroups Based on T Cell Heterogeneity in Lupus Patients
Authors: Kubo Satoshi , Nakayamada Shingo , Yoshikawa Maiko , Miyazaki Yusuke , Sakata Kei , Nakano Kazuhisa , Hanami Kentaro , Iwata Shigeru , Miyagawa Ippei , Saito Kazuyoshi , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: June 2017

Objective

To elucidate the diversity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on immunophenotyping.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 143 SLE patients and 49 healthy individuals. Circulating B, T, and dendritic cells were defined using flow cytometric analysis as recommended by the Human Immunology Project Consortium. Based on these results, immunophenotypes were distinguished by principal components analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis was used to classify SLE patients into subgroups.

Results

The proportions of Treg and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls, whereas Th1 and Th17 cell proportions did not differ. Proportions of class‐switched memory B cells and IgD–CD27– B cells were increased in SLE patients as well. The largest difference compared to the control group was observed in the proportion of plasmablasts, which was higher in SLE patients and correlated with disease activity as assessed with the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index. PCA indicated that the immunophenotype of SLE patients consisted of abnormalities of the T and B cell axes. Cluster analysis showed that the SLE patients could be stratified into 3 subgroups (with high proportions of plasmablasts in all groups): patients who did not show the characteristic features (T cell–independent group), patients with a high percentage of Tfh cells (Tfh‐dominant group), and patients with a high percentage of memory Treg cells (Treg‐dominant group). The percentage of patients whose SLE was resistant to treatment was highest among the Tfh‐dominant group.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that patients with active SLE can be divided into 3 subgroups based on T cell heterogeneity. Further immunophenotyping studies should help elucidate the pathogenesis of SLE and provide important information for the development of new therapies.
Array‐based molecular karyotyping in 115 VATER/VACTERL and VATER/VACTERL‐like patients identifies disease‐causing copy number variations
Authors: Zhang Rong , Marsch Florian , Kause Franziska , Degenhardt Franziska , Schmiedeke Eeberhard , Märzheuser Stefanie , Hoppe Bernd , Bachour Haitham , Boemers Thomas M. , Schäfer Matthias , Spychalski Nicole , Neser Jörg , Leonhardt Johannes , Kosch Ferdinand , Ure Benno , Gómez Barbara , Lacher Martin , Deffaa Oliver J. , Palta Markus , Wittekindt Boris , Kleine Katharina , Schmedding Andrea , Grasshoff‐Derr Sabine , Ven Amelie van der , Heilmann‐Heimbach Stefanie , Zwink Nadine , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Ludwig Michael , Reutter Heiko
Published: June 2017

Background

The acronym VATER/VACTERL refers to the rare nonrandom association of the following component features (CF): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia, renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). Patients presenting with at least three CFs are diagnosed as having VATER/VACTERL association while patients presenting with only two CFs are diagnosed as having VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes. Recently, rare causative copy number variations (CNVs) have been identified in patients with VATER/VACTERL association and VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes.

Methods

To detect further causative CNVs we performed array based molecular karyotyping in 75 VATER/VACTERL and 40 VATER/VACTERL‐like patients.

Results

Following the application of stringent filter criteria, we identified 13 microdeletions and seven microduplications in 20 unrelated patients all of which were absent in 1,307 healthy inhouse controls (n < 0.0008). Among these, microdeletion at 17q12 was confirmed to be de novo. Three microdeletions at 5q23.1, 16q23.3, 22q11.21, and one microduplication at 10q11.21 were all absent in the available parent. Microdeletion of chromosomal region 22q11.21 was previously found in VATER/VACTERL patients rendering it to be causative in our patient. The remaining 15 CNVs were inherited from a healthy parent.

Conclusion

In two of 115 patients' causative CNVs were found (2%). The remaining identified rare CNVs represent candidates for further evaluation. Rare inherited CNVs may constitute modifiers of, or contributors to, multifactorial VATER/VACTERL or VATER/VACTERL‐like phenotypes. Birth Defects Research 109:1063–1069, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risks in the Making: The Mediating Role of Models in Water Management and Civil Engineering in the Netherlands
Authors: Kouw Matthijs
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung: Wie Risiken entstehen: Zum medialen Charakter von Modellen am Beispiel von Wasserwirtschaft und Ingenieurbau der Niederlande. Der Umgang mit Vorannahmen, Unsicherheiten und blinden Flecken gehört zur Praxis der Modellierung. Dabei wird das den Modellen inhärente Wissen um Risiken in unterschiedlichem Maße sichtbar, was für technologische Kulturen, die auf Modelle rekurrieren, folgenreich sein kann. Um Kollaborationen zwischen unterschiedlichen sozialen Gruppen wie Ingenieuren und politischen Entscheidern zu ermöglichen, werden in „trading zones“ (Peter Galison) gemeinsame Sprachregelungen gestiftet. Während solche Sprachregelungen tatsächlich soziale Gruppen verbinden und deren Zusammenarbeit befördern können, geht die Rolle von Modellen als Medium häufig nicht in diese Sprachregelungen mit ein. Die Sprachregelungen der trading zones können somit dazu beitragen, den Einfluss der Modellierungspraxis auf Risikoeinschätzungen zu verdecken. Aufbauend auf Einsichten aus den Science and Technology Studies (STS) und empirischer Forschung in hydrologischer, hydrodynamischer und geotechnischer Ingenieursarbeit sowie der Ökologie unterstreicht dieser Beitrag die Nützlichkeit des medialen Charakters von Modellen für den Nachvollzug unterschiedlicher Risikoeinschätzungen von Akteuren im Wasserschutz. Die Fähigkeit, Vorannahmen, Unsicherheiten und blinde Flecken von Computersimulationen und Modellierungspraxen zu erkennen und einzuschätzen, erweist sich bei mangelnder Würdigung des medialen Charakters von Modellen als eingeschränkt.
Impact of cell culture parameters on production and vascularization bioactivity of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Patel Divya B. , Gray Kelsey M. , Santharam Yasasvhinie , Lamichhane Tek N. , Stroka Kimberly M. , Jay Steven M.
Published: June 2017

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for numerous applications. EVs offer potential advantages over cell‐based therapies with regard to safety, stability and clearance profiles, however production and potency limitations must be addressed to enable eventual translation of EV‐based approaches. Thus, we sought to examine the role of specific cell culture parameters on MSC EV production and bioactivity toward informing rational design parameters for scalable EV biomanufacturing. We report significantly reduced MSC EV vascularization bioactivity, as measured by an endothelial cell gap closure assay, with increasing passage in culture by trypsinization, especially beyond passage 4. We further show that increased frequency of EV collection yielded higher numbers of EVs from the same initial number of MSCs over a 24 hr period. Finally, we demonstrate that decreased cell seeding density in culture flasks resulted in increased production of EVs per cell in MSCs and other cell types. Overall, these studies highlight the need for careful consideration of the parameters of cell passage number and cell seeding density in the production of therapeutic EVs at laboratory scale and for rational design of large‐scale EV biomanufacturing schemes.
Characterization of Powder Layer Dustiness – Influence of the Deposit Thickness
Authors: Londershausen Tim , Schmidt Eberhard , Sander Sören , Fritsching Udo
Published: June 2017

The release of dust during powder processing is generally an undesired process and product property that needs to be controlled. Dustiness has so far been neglected to be appropriately addressed as a product property in application technology. To measure the redispersion of dust from a particle layer deposited on a surface, the redispersion dust in a double‐pipe system (RDDS) device may be used that has been developed for controllable redispersion of deposited dust from surfaces. Different particulate deposits, varying the deposit morphology and thickness, have been generated here by means of an electrostatic precipitator. For different particulate test materials a significant influence of the powder layer formation on the powder redispersion and dustiness has been found.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Semiclathrate Hydrate Formed with Tetrabutylammonium Propionate
Authors: Yamauchi Yuji , Yamasaki Tatsuro , Endo Fuyuaki , Hotta Atsushi , Ohmura Ryo
Published: June 2017

The phase equilibrium temperature and dissociation heat of tetrabutylammonium propionate (TBAPr) hydrate are reported. TBAPr hydrate is a type of ionic semiclathrate hydrates and also could potentially be used as thermal energy storage material. The temperature‐composition phase diagram of the TBAPr hydrate was determined in a defined range of mass fractions. Considering the dissociation heat of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, multiple peaks of heat flow were observed in the TBAPr‐water system at the TBAPr mass fraction lower than 0.35, and there was a single peak at the mass fraction higher than 0.37.
Length‐to‐Diameter Ratio of Extrudates in Catalyst Technology: III. Catalyst Breakage in a Fixed Bed
Authors: Beeckman Jean W. L. , Cunningham Majosefina , Fassbender Natalie A. , Datz Theodore E.
Published: June 2017

A correlation is demonstrated to predict the reduction in the mean length‐to‐diameter ratio of catalyst extrudates by breakage due to stress in a fixed bed. The stress can be caused either by the reactor load or it can be externally applied as in the bulk crush strength measurement. The strength characteristic of particular interest here is the extrudate bending strength characterized by the Euler‐Bernoulli modulus of rupture. The balance of the bending strength to the applied stress leads to a new dimensionless group. Extrudates in a fixed bed start to break above a specific critical stress, and their mean length‐to‐diameter ratio then becomes linearly proportional to this dimensionless group to the power one‐third.
Optimization of Settling Behavior for an Efficient Solvent‐Extraction Process for Biobased Components
Authors: Bednarz Andreas , Scherübel Peter , Spieß Antje C. , Pfennig Andreas
Published: June 2017

Extraction is a downstream process option in biobased processes. Because knowledge of phase‐separation behavior is essential for designing efficient separation processes, this study investigates the settling and coalescence behavior of biobased extraction systems by using a standard laboratory‐scale settling cell. The influence of different buffer media and Escherichia coli cells on coalescence was determined for the reactive extraction of hexane‐1,6‐diamine with isostearic acid and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid by using kerosene and oleyl alcohol as diluents. As a result, an increasing pH value of the buffer significantly increases the settling time. The presence of E. coli cells hinders phase separation of the investigated systems, in particular, with dispersed organic phases.
Small‐Molecule Kinase‐Inhibitors‐Loaded Boron Cluster as Hybrid Agents for Glioma‐Cell‐Targeting Therapy
Authors: Couto Marcos , Mastandrea Ignacio , Cabrera Mauricio , Cabral Pablo , Teixidor Francesc , Cerecetto Hugo , Viñas Clara
Published: June 2017

The reported new anilinoquinazoline‐icosahedral borane hybrids have been evaluated as glioma targeting for potential use in cancer therapy. Their anti‐glioma activity depends on hybrids’ lipophilicity; the most powerful compound against glioma cells, a 1,7‐closo‐derivative, displayed at least 3.3 times higher activity than the parent drug erlotinib. According to the cytotoxic effects on normal glia cells, the hybrids were selective for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐overexpressed tumor cells. These boron carriers could be used to enrich glioma cancer cells with boron for cancer therapy.
Gold Redox Catalysis through Base‐Initiated Diazonium Decomposition toward Alkene, Alkyne, and Allene Activation
Authors: Dong Boliang , Peng Haihui , Motika Stephen E. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: June 2017

The discovery of photoassisted diazonium activation toward gold(I) oxidation greatly extended the scope of gold redox catalysis by avoiding the use of a strong oxidant. Some practical issues that limit the application of this new type of chemistry are the relative low efficiency (long reaction time and low conversion) and the strict reaction condition control that is necessary (degassing and inert reaction environment). Herein, an alternative photofree condition has been developed through Lewis base induced diazonium activation. With this method, an unreactive AuI catalyst was used in combination with Na2CO3 and diazonium salts to produce a AuIII intermediate. The efficient activation of various substrates, including alkyne, alkene and allene was achieved, followed by rapid AuIII reductive elimination, which yielded the C−C coupling products with good to excellent yields. Relative to the previously reported photoactivation method, our approach offered greater efficiency and versatility through faster reaction rates and broader reaction scope. Challenging substrates such as electron rich/neutral allenes, which could not be activated under the photoinitiation conditions (<5 % yield), could be activated to subsequently yield the desired coupling products in good to excellent yield.
Divergent Access to (1,1) and (1,2)‐Azidolactones from Alkenes using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Alazet Sébastien , Le Vaillant Franck , Nicolai Stefano , Courant Thibaut , Waser Jerome
Published: June 2017

A versatile synthesis of azidolactones through azidation and cyclization of carboxylic acids onto alkenes has been developed. Based on either photoredox or palladium catalysis, (1,1) and (1,2) azido lactones can be selectively synthesized. The choice of catalyst and benziodoxol(on)e reagent serving as azide source was essential to initiate either a radical or Lewis acid mediated process with divergent outcome. These transformations were carried out under mild conditions using a low catalyst loading and gave access to a large scope of azido lactones.
Cytokeratin‐based assessment of tumour budding in colorectal cancer: analysis in stage II patients and prospective diagnostic experience
Authors: Koelzer Viktor H , Assarzadegan Naziheh , Dawson Heather , Mitrovic Bojana , Grin Andrea , Messenger David E , Kirsch Richard , Riddell Robert H , Lugli Alessandro , Zlobec Inti
Published: June 2017

Tumour budding in colorectal cancer is an important prognostic factor. A recent consensus conference elaborated recommendations and key issues for future studies, among those the use of pan‐cytokeratin stains, especially in stage II patients. We report the first prospective diagnostic experience using pan‐cytokeratin for tumour budding assessment. Moreover, we evaluate tumour budding using pan‐cytokeratin stains and disease‐free survival (DFS) in stage II patients. To this end, tumour budding on pan‐cytokeratin‐stained sections was evaluated by counting the number of tumour buds in 10 high‐power fields (0.238 mm2), then categorizing counts as low/high‐grade at a cut‐off of 10 buds, in two cohorts. Cohort 1: prospective setting with 236 unselected primary resected colorectal cancers analysed by 17 pathologists during diagnostic routine. Cohort 2: retrospective cohort of 150 stage II patients with information on DFS. In prospective analysis of cohort 1, tumour budding counts correlated with advanced pT, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion (all p < 0.0001), and distant metastasis (p = 0.0128). In cohort 2, tumour budding was an independent predictor of worse DFS using counts [p = 0.037, HR (95% CI): 1.007 (1.0–1.014)] and the low‐grade/high‐grade scoring approach [p = 0.02; HR (95% CI): 3.04 (1.2–7.77), 90.7 versus 73%, respectively]. In conclusion, tumour budding assessed on pan‐cytokeratin slides is feasible in a large pathology institute and leads to expected associations with clinicopathological features. Additionally, it is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in stage II patients and should be considered for risk stratification in future clinical studies.
Population‐based values and abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in the general Dutch population: The LifeLines Cohort Study
Authors: van der Ende M. Yldau , Siland Joylene E. , Snieder Harold , van der Harst Pim , Rienstra Michiel
Published: June 2017

Background

Our aim is to present average values and prevalence of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among the general Dutch population in the LifeLines Cohort.

Hypothesis

The ECG values previously studied in the Caucasian population of smaller cohorts will be confirmed with ECG data from LifeLines.

Methods

ECG data of 152 180 individuals age 18 to 93 years were available. Individuals with cardiovascular risk factors were excluded to analyze the healthy population. Average values of the ECG for the healthy population were presented as means with 95% and 99% confidence intervals and as medians with first and 99th percentiles.

Results

Median heart rate was highest in the youngest and oldest individuals of the healthy population. Median duration of P wave, PQ interval, and QRS duration were longer in males compared with females. In contrast, median QT interval corrected for heart rate was higher in females. In general, the above‐mentioned parameters increased with age. The prevalences of ECG abnormalities adjusted for the Dutch population were 0.9% for atrial fibrillation or flutter, 1.4% for premature atrial complexes, 0.5% for myocardial infarction, 2.1% for ventricular premature complexes, 1.0% for left ventricular hypertrophy, 8.1% for P‐R interval >200 ms, and 0.8% for bundle branch block.

Conclusions

Our study provides an overview of average values and ECG abnormalities and confirms data of previous smaller studies. In addition, we evaluate the age‐ and sex‐dependent normal limits of the P wave and QRS duration and confirm in detail the frontal plane QRS‐T angle on the ECG.
Typical angina is associated with greater coronary endothelial dysfunction but not abnormal vasodilatory reserve
Authors: AlBadri Ahmed , Leong Derek , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Wei Janet , Handberg Eileen M. , Shufelt Chrisandra L. , Mehta Puja K. , Nelson Michael D. , Thomson Louise E. , Berman Daniel S. , Shaw Leslee J. , Cook‐Wiens Galen , Pepine Carl J.
Published: June 2017

Background

Typical angina (TA) is defined as substernal chest pain precipitated by physical exertion or emotional stress and relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. Women and elderly patients are usually have atypical symptoms both at rest and during stress, often in the setting of nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).

Hypothesis

To further understand this, we performed subgroup analysis comparing subjects who presented with TA vs nontypical angina (NTA) using baseline data of patients with nonobstructive CAD and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) enrolled in a clinical trial.

Methods

155 subjects from the RWISE study were divided into 2 groups based on angina characteristics: TA (defined as above) and NTA (angina that does not meet criteria for TA). Coronary reactivity testing (responses to adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin), cardiac magnetic resonance–determined myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI), baseline Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), and Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) scores were evaluated.

Results

The mean age was 55 ± 10 years; Overall, 30% of subjects had TA. Baseline shortness of breath, invasively assessed acetylcholine‐mediated coronary endothelial function, and SAQ score were worse in the TA group (all P < 0.05), whereas adenosine‐mediated coronary flow reserve, MPRI, and DASI score were similar to the NTA group.

Conclusions

Among subjects with CMD and no obstructive CAD, those with TA had more angina pectoris, shortness of breath, and worse quality of life, as well as more severe coronary endothelial dysfunction. Typical angina in the setting of CMD is associated with worse symptom burden and coronary endothelial dysfunction. These results indicate that TA CMD subjects represent a relatively new CAD phenotype for future study and treatment trials.
Mesh‐free based variational level set evolution for breast region segmentation and abnormality detection using mammograms
Authors: Kashyap Kanchan L. , Bajpai Manish K. , Khanna Pritee , Giakos George
Published: June 2017

Automatic segmentation of abnormal region is a crucial task in computer‐aided detection system using mammograms. In this work, an automatic abnormality detection algorithm using mammographic images is proposed. In the preprocessing step, partial differential equation–based variational level set method is used for breast region extraction. The evolution of the level set method is done by applying mesh‐free–based radial basis function (RBF). The limitation of mesh‐based approach is removed by using mesh‐free–based RBF method. The evolution of variational level set function is also done by mesh‐based finite difference method for comparison purpose. Unsharp masking and median filtering is used for mammogram enhancement. Suspicious abnormal regions are segmented by applying fuzzy c‐means clustering. Texture features are extracted from the segmented suspicious regions by computing local binary pattern and dominated rotated local binary pattern (DRLBP). Finally, suspicious regions are classified as normal or abnormal regions by means of support vector machine with linear, multilayer perceptron, radial basis, and polynomial kernel function. The algorithm is validated on 322 sample mammograms of mammographic image analysis society (MIAS) and 500 mammograms from digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) datasets. Proficiency of the algorithm is quantified by using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93.96%, 95.01%, and 94.48%, respectively, are obtained on MIAS dataset using DRLBP feature with RBF kernel function. Whereas, the highest 92.31% sensitivity, 98.45% specificity, and 96.21% accuracy are achieved on DDSM dataset using DRLBP feature with RBF kernel function.