bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence of phenol in urine in workers with professional exposure: Possibility of analytic confirmation
Authors: Raičević Ema , Milovanović Nada , Mihajlović Filip , Đorđević Snežana
Published: November 2023

Objective. Due to the increasing use of phenol in various industries, there is an increased need for toxicological analyses in the region of Central Serbia. Toxicological measurements are implemented as a preventive measure to avoid occupational diseases, which is the primary goal of all occupational medicine institutions. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the significance of continuous biological monitoring of workers exposed to benzene, phenol, and phenolic resins, as well as the rapid and easy detection of phenol in urine by a semi-quantitative method. Methods. The study was designed as an analytical, observational, retrospective cross-sectional study. It was based on a toxicological analysis of phenol concentration in workers' urine and the processing of documented results from the records of regular systematic check-ups at the Institute for Occupational Health Kragujevac between January 2018 and December 2022. Results. The values of phenol in the urine of 61 patients were processed through statistical data analysis of patient records, of which 58 were male (95%), and three were female (5%). The obtained results show that there is no correlation between sex, age, and time of exposure with the concentration of phenol in the workers' urine (r>0.05). Conclusion. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to phenol and its derivatives is important from the perspective of professional toxicology. Exposure time, individual patient characteristics, and age are some of the factors that need to be taken into account when interpreting and issuing results. Semi-quantitative method for determining phenol concentration in urine has been shown to be fast, easy, and reliable. Due to the increasing need for phenol analysis, it is necessary to perform one of the more modern chromatographic methods for final confirmation of concentrations.
How can public international law contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security?
Authors: Klein Eckart
Published: November 2023

The article offers a comprehensive exploration of the complexities and nuances surrounding international peace and the legal mechanisms designed to achieve it. It delves into the historical evolution of public international law concerning war, peace, and international security. The article underscores the evolution of warfare as a means to achieve political objectives through sovereign rulers and states, leading to attempts at restraining warfare by humanitarian principles. It discusses the roles of the League of Nations, the Briand-Kellogg Pact, and the United Nations Charter in their attempts to curb the war. Despite peace being crucial for human rights and international behavior, wars persist. Consequently, the article scrutinizes the primary challenges associated with upholding global peace. Ultimately, it concludes that while public international law is pivotal in the pursuit of peace and justice, realizing these ideals necessitates the united determination of the collective will of all peoples to work towards that direction.
Roman law in Pavle Šeroglić's work: Part one: Reception of Greek law in Roman law, theory of law, property law, law of obligations
Authors: Drakić Gordana , Stanković Uroš
Published: November 2023

The article sheds light on the regulations of Roman law appearing in the works of Pavle Šeroglić, the first reviewer of Serbian Civil Code (1844) (The Review of the Civil Code for the Serbian Principality, Promulgated on 25 March 1844 (Pregled Zakonika građanskog za Knjažestvo srbsko, 25. marta 1844. obnarodovanog, published in Bačka vila 4/1845, 114-187), Counterresponse to Response of Mister Miloš Svetić in the Third Linguistic Counterattack (Replika na odgovor gospodina Miloša Svetića u Utuku III. Jezikoslovnome, Novi Sad 1847) and Civil Law in Croatian-Slavonian and Serbian-Banat Military Border (Građansko parvo u c.k. Hrvatsko-slavonskoj i Srpsko-banatskoj Vojničkoj granici, Šeroglić's undated and unpublished commentary of Austrian General Civil Code, kept in the archival materials of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School in the Archives of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in that town. The provisions of civil law cited by Šeroglić are sorted by similarity with necessary clarifications thereto. This paper, being the first of two sequels of the article related to Šeroglić's accounts on Roman law, shall shed light on the author's fragments on is Greek legal transplants in Rome, theory of law, property law and law of obligations, whereas the passages in relation with other branches of Roman law shall be scrutinized in the follow-up article.
Human rights protection in emergency circumstances: Scope and limitations of article 15 of the European convention on human rights
Authors: Kreštalica Sanja , Petković Simeon
Published: November 2023

This paper examines the legal framework for the protection of human rights in situations of extreme crisis in the European legal area, in order to achieve a coherent understanding of legal standards that will lead to their more uniform application. Through an in-depth analysis of the meaning and scope of the provisions of Article 15 of the European Convention, as well as the corresponding practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the authors determine under what conditions the suspension of certain rights and freedoms is legally permissible, and which state measures adopted in extraordinary circumstances represent the protection of the public interest, and which go beyond the scope of the most necessary measure required by the given situation and represent a violation of the rights and freedoms of the individual. This work is based on the idea that specific limitations for the enjoyment of human rights are necessary and justified. It is a well-known that only a limited number of human rights are absolute and as such are immune to any restrictions regardless of the circumstances and justifications. However, this does not reduce the need for the measures that the state resorts to in times of crisis to be strictly controlled.
Análisis de los testamentos del alto clero urbano hispalense en la primera mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Regalado González-Serna Víctor Daniel
Published: November 2023

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis sistemático de los testamentos otorgados por los componentes del alto clero urbano hispalense en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Así, tras un tratamiento cuantitativo de los datos extraídos se procede a un análisis cualitativo de los mismos. De esta manera, se podrá comprender adecuadamente las distintas particularidades de los diferentes apartados que componen sus testamentos, permitiendo conocer mejor un aspecto tan importante como la preparación para la muerte dentro de este grupo social tan definido como son los miembros del cabildo catedral de Sevilla en dicho periodo de estudio.
Reseña de: García Funes, Juan Carlos: Desafectos. Batallones de trabajo forzado durante el franquismo
Authors: Raya Crespi Daniel
Published: November 2023

Reseña de: García Funes, Juan Carlos: Desafectos. Batallones de trabajo forzado durante el franquismo, Granada, Comares, 2022, 360 pp., ISBN: 9788413692890.
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Authors:   International Institute for Religious Freedom, Mazzinghy Áquila
Published: November 2023

This book investigates the legal nature and criminal responsibility of ISIL/DAESH’s crimes against civilians in Iraq, especially Christians. The author examines whether these crimes constitute genocide or persecution as crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute, based on the actus reus and mens rea of the perpetrators. The book draws on hundreds of cases from international criminal tribunals and offers a significant and original contribution to the study of genocide and crimes against humanity.
Wenn Björn Höcke sein Volk befragt
Authors: Heußner Hermann , Pautsch Arne , Steinbeis Maximilian
Published: November 2023

Nach den Landtagswahlen im nächsten Jahr kann ohne die Stimmen der AfD die Thüringer Verfassung womöglich nicht mehr geändert werden. Deshalb sollten jetzt Vorkehrungen getroffen werden – solange das noch möglich ist.
Influence of Students’ Personality Traits on Academic Dishonesty in Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Kenya, Kimanzi Lydia Muthili , Muiru Ann , Thinguri Ruth
Published: November 2023

There is a worldwide concern about academic dishonesty and more so in African countries. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of students’ personality traits on academic dishonesty in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. This study was informed by Psychosocial Dynamic Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The investigation used mixed methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. The sample size was 802 which consisted of 750 students sampled randomly, 25 principals and 25 teachers sampled purposively. There was 1 SCDE and 1 CDE purposively sampled. The research tools utilized were questionnaires for principals, teachers and students, and interviews for SCDEs and the County Director of Education. The study findings were that, personality traits significantly influence academic dishonesty. The study established that there was need to improve on the students’ personality traits. It was recommended that integrating interventions like introduction of competent, experienced and professional counsellors in schools was necessary to eliminate academic dishonesty
Solar Energy Is Any Type Of Energy Generated By The Sun
Authors: Rajput Mahesh
Published: November 2023

Solar energy is any type of energy generated by the sun Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun Fusion occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the sun's core and fuse to create a helium atom
Origen y evolución de la Administración Parlamentaria
Authors: Cid Villagrasa Blanca
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN: FUNDAMENTO DE LA AUTONOMÍA NORMATIVA, ADMINISTRATIVA Y PRESUPUESTARIA DE LOS PARLAMENTOS.—II. FUNDAMENTO HISTÓRICO DE LA AUTONOMÍA PARLAMENTARIA.—III. INICIO Y PROCESO DE FORMACIÓN HISTÓRICA DE LAS ADMINISTRACIONES INTERNAS DE ALGUNAS ASAMBLEAS LEGISLATIVAS: EL BRITÁNICO, EL EJEMPLO FRANCÉS.—1. Antecedente británico.—2. El ejemplo francés.—IV. LA AUTONOMÍA ADMINISTRATIVA Y PRESUPUESTARIA DE LAS CORTES GENERALES.—1. Origen y evolución.—2. Situación actual.
Applying Best Practices for Improving the Performance of Software Project Manager
Authors: Buo-Oga Samih
Published: November 2023

This paper focuses on proposing a quality assurance model for Software Projects Management. This paper presents some important concepts related to this field. It presents the phases and activities of software project management. This paper presents a set of proposed steps for achieving each activity of planning ISs projects. Depending on the proposed steps and a combination of statistical techniques, this paper introduces a proposed quality assurance model for software project management activities. This proposed model can be used to build an automated software tool.
Research on the Application of Flipped Classroom in University Furniture Design Course- Taking Leshan Normal University as an Example
Authors: Liao Xiayan , Phongsatha Satha
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Flipped classroom as a modern teaching method has attracted much attention in improving students’ learning performance. This study employed a flipped-classroom teaching strategy and modern technology applications to conduct teaching experiments on students. Through the test of the furniture design drawings and questionnaires, this study aims to examine the impact of the flipped classroom teaching method on academic achievement between the experimental class and the control class.
Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental research, using a quantitative research method. The subjects were third-year undergraduates majoring in environmental design at Leshan Normal University in Sichuan, China. Students were in two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The flipped classroom teaching strategy was used in the experimental group class A, 55 students. The traditional teaching method was used in the control group Class B, 55 students. Through the furniture design drawing test, it attempted to understand students’ ability in innovation, visual rendering, practicality, and typography, as well as the applicability and ease of use of the learning platform Superstar APP in the flipped teaching course. Data were collected through tests and questionnaires, and analyzed by using the statistical software Jamovi. The hypotheses were tested by paired samples T-test and independent sample T-test.
Results: The results showed that the teaching method of flipped classrooms has a very positive impact on students' academic performance. Students' furniture design innovation ability and layout design ability have been improved significantly. Students showed a high level of effectiveness and convenience in using the Superstar platform APP for flipped classroom teaching.
Conclusion: Based on the research results, this paper makes some suggestions on the application of flipped classrooms in furniture design courses.
Effects of Cross-Training Exercise Program to Improve Health-related Physical Fitness for University Students in Guangdong
Authors: Yu XiNa , Kanchanathaweekul Thawatchai
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Health-related physical fitness test is beneficial to the health-related physical fitness of college students. According to the researcher's survey, most students do not have an awareness of daily physical exercise, which leads to a decline in physical function and health-related physical fitness scores. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of cross-training programs on improving college students' health-related physical fitness, to improve college students' health-related physical fitness scores by constructing an 8-week cross-training program, and to encourage students to actively participate in extracurricular physical exercise to promote health-related physical fitness and to form the awareness of lifelong sports. The results of this study show that cross-training can improve students' health-related physical fitness performance and that even after only 4 weeks of cross-training, students' health-related physical fitness performance can still make significant progress. Materials and Methods: The study involves Guangdong Province Foreign Language and Arts Vocational College of Catering and Tourism College 2022 students, the total number of grades 710 people, health-related physical fitness scores failed 66 people, using G-Power in 66 students to calculate the sample size of 28 students (14 male，14 female) aged between 18-22 years old. The research procedure started with anthropometric measurements: height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, etc. Subsequently, cross-training was performed. Tests included: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. The experiment lasted for eight weeks, with five one-hour training sessions per week. Subjects underwent Health-related physical fitness tests in the first, fourth, and eighth weeks. Results: The 8-week cross-training program reduced students' BMI and body fat percentage, and improved students' health-related physical fitness grades and physical fitness. The student's health-related physical fitness grades failed in the first week, improved significantly in the fourth week (67 points), and the average score in the eighth week (75 points) improved even more significantly. Conclusion: Constructing a cross-training program had a significant effect on improving cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility in college students. It also increased their BMI and body fat percentage. It was concluded that an 8-week cross-training program decreased students' BMI and body fat levels while increasing muscle mass and improving health-related physical fitness scores, and students showed significant improvement in fitness scores in week 4 and even more significant improvement in week eight. Considering the positive effects of training on physical function and fitness, it is recommended that extracurricular sports be promoted so that more people can exercise in their spare time.
Selected Indicators Influence the Talent Identification of Young Tennis Players
Authors: Guangfu Zhang , Kanchanathaweekul Thawatchai
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Tennis is one of the most popular sports globally. Despite having the largest tennis population in the world, China has long lacked top-level athletes in this sport. One of the primary reasons is the difficulty in accurately identifying young tennis players with talent, which has led to the relative stagnation of the development of tennis in China. The purpose of this research is: (1) To Select the indicators that influence the talent identification of young tennis players in Guangzhou; and (2) To determine the weight of the indicators.
Materials and Methods: The primary tool for this research is an expert questionnaire. Using the Delphi method, we collected opinions from 19 tennis experts in various fields to filter out evaluation indicators that influence the talent identification of young tennis players in Guangzhou. Firstly, we used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the importance of each influencing factor; secondly, we applied connoisseurship to validate the scientific and practical aspects of the research process and results; finally, we provided a descriptive summary and report on the overall performance of the players.
Results: Ultimately, a detailed and comprehensive evaluation indicator system was formulated, consisting of 7 primary indicators, 20 secondary indicators, and 44 tertiary indicators. The weightings of each indicator system were also determined, validating the feasibility and applicability of this comprehensive performance evaluation system for young tennis players in Guangzhou.
Conclusion: The research results have strong rationality and feasibility, providing significant theoretical value and practical implications for the indicator system affecting the talent identification of young tennis players in Guangzhou. In the future, this can be extended to other provinces nationwide for field testing and discussion validation, and the system can be further optimized and improved based on the results.
ИНВЕСТИЦИЯ ЛОЙИҲАЛАРИНИ МОЛИЯЛАШТИРИШНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ
Authors: Бердиев Акрам
Published: November 2023

Ҳозирги даврда дунёда юз бераётган ижтимоий-иқтисодий жараёнлар, жаҳон иқтисодиётининг глобаллашуви, шунингдек халқаро ва маҳаллий бозорларда рақобатнинг кескинлашуви тижорат банкларида лойиҳавий молиялаштириш механизмларини такомиллаштириш долзарблигини кўрсатмоқда
AHOLI TURMUSH DARAJASI VA UNI O‘ZBEKISTONDA OSHIRISHNING ISTIQBOLLI IMKONIYATLARI
Authors: Maxmudov Faxriddin , Mirsalixova Nilufar
Published: November 2023

Ma’lumki yangi O‘zbekiston respublikasida aholi turmush darajasini oshirish va uning farovonligini yanada mustahkamlash davlat siyosatining bosh masalasi hisoblanadi
AHOLI DAROMADLARIGA INFLYATSIYANING TA`SIRI VA UNI KAMAYTIRISH YO`LLARI
Authors: Isayev Atabek
Published: November 2023

Iqtisodiyotda aholi muhim iqtisodiy kategoriya hisoblanadi
ТАДБИРКОРЛИК ФАОЛИЯТИ БИЛАН БОҒЛИҚ СУҒУРТА РИСКЛАРИ
Authors: Муятдинов Махмуд
Published: November 2023

Тадбиркорлик рискларини (таваккалчиликларни) таснифлашнинг мураккаблиги уларнинг турли-туманлигида
BARQAROR IQTISODIY O’SISHNI TA’MINLASHDA O‘ZBEKISTON SOLIQ TIZIMIDA YERLANI SOLIQQA TORTISHNING AHAMIYATI VA O‘RNI
Authors: Tursunov Аkmaljon
Published: November 2023

Soliqlarni joriy etish, ularni undirish mexanizmini samarali shakllantirish va amaliyotga tadbiq etish, shuningdek, ushbu jarayonlarni yanada takomillashtirish kabi say-xarakatlar yigʼindisini soliq siyosati tartiblari tashkil etadi
ПЛАТФОРМЕННАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И ЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В РАЗВИТИИ БЛАГОСОСТОЯНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Акбарова Малика
Published: November 2023

Мировая экономика сегодня переживает масштабную и ускоренную цифровую трансформацию, приводящую к созданию новых бизнес-моделей, инновационных продуктов и услуг, а также совершенно разных способов ведения бизнеса
Descolonización y nacionalización del patrimonio arqueológico sirio entre 1946 y 1956. Un estudio de caso en torno al yacimiento de Ras Shamra.
Authors: Álvarez García Juan
Published: November 2023

When the Syrian Arab Republic proclaimed its independence in 1946, it placed its archaeological heritage at the service of building a national identity. Among the sites that served this purpose was Ras Shamra-Ugarit. Over the course of a decade, the discoveries made around the royal palace of the ancient city were widely disseminated to the Syrian population with the aim of presenting the site as evidence of a glorious national past. However, these discoveries were made by the French archaeological mission that had already been excavating the site since 1929, under colonial mandate. Thus, the nationalisation of the site depended on the relations that were established between the scientific mission and the Directorate of Antiquities.

En el momento en el que la República Árabe de Siria proclamó su independencia en 1946, puso su patrimonio arqueológico al servicio de la construcción de la identidad nacional. De entre los yacimientos que sirvieron a este propósito se encuentra Ras Shamra-Ugarit. A lo largo de una década, los descubrimientos realizados en torno al palacio real de la antigua ciudad fueron ampliamente difundidos a la población siria con el objetivo de presentar el yacimiento como la prueba de un origen nacional glorioso. Sin embargo, dichos descubrimientos fueron llevados a cabo por la misión arqueológica francesa que ya lo había estado excavado desde 1929, bajo mandato colonial. Así pues, la nacionalización del yacimiento dependió de las relaciones que se establecieron entre la misión científica y la Dirección de Antigüedades.
Compilation of Nuclear Data Experiments for Radiation Characterisation (CoNDERC)
Authors: Gilbert Mark , Sublet Jean-Christophe
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the project entitled Compilation of Nuclear Data Experiments for Radiation Characterisation (CoNDERC) is to transfer into technology the experimental integral radiation information that can be used as part of the Validation and Verification processes of nuclear model and code systems, and to provide various schema to perform the necessary V&V processes. The IAEA will task, organize institutions to construct several of these databases based on their own extensive V&V activities mainly associated with inventory and source term codes.
21st Meeting of the IFRC Subcommittee on Atomic and Molecular Data for Fusion
Authors: Hill Christian , Heinola Kalle
Published: November 2023

The 21st meeting of the Subcommittee on Atomic and Molecular Data of the International Fusion Research Council (IFRC) was held on 3-4 May 2018 at IAEA Headquarters in Vienna, Austria. Activities of the Atomic and Molecular Data Unit for the period 2016–2018 were reviewed and recommendations were made for continuing activities in 2018–2020 and for possible new projects in the 2020–2021 budget cycle. The proceedings, conclusions and recommendations of the Sub-committee meeting are briefly described in this report.
A Rare Pathology of a Child Rescued from the Rubble in the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake: Left Brachial Plexus Injury and Diaphragmatic Paralysis
Authors: Yiğitaslan Mutluhan , Aktay Gülenay , Eyduran Eda , Koç Gülizar , Özçifci Gökçen , Durak Fatih , Berna Anıl Ayşe
Published: November 2023

The primary destructive effect of earthquakes is sudden devastating trauma. A healthy seven-year-old male was rescued after 35 hours under the rubble in Kahramanmaraş earthquake. CPR was performed at the scene, he was intubated and transferred to a nearest pediatric intensive care unit. He was followed in pediatric intensive care unit due to crush syndrome and lung contusion for two days and then transferred to ward. While receiving oxygen therapy at the ward, the patient was intubated due to sudden respiratory distress. Since there was no empty bed in the intensive care unit of the hospital, he was transferred to the intensive care unit of our hospital. The patient had effusion in the left hemithorax, hemorrhagic contusion in the right lung, and peri splenic fluid. The patient, who had hemodynamic instability, markedly high renal functions, widespread edema, oliguria and hematuria, received 24-hour hemodiafiltration treatment. After extubating, the patient continued to experience respiratory distress, had limited movement and weakness in the left upper extremity, and diaphragmatic elevation was identified on the left side in the chest X-ray. The patient was diagnosed with left brachial plexus injury and left diaphragmatic paralysis by thoracic ultrasound, cervical vertebrae and left brachial plexus MRI. Over time, respiratory stress was relieved and oxygen support was gradually reduced and discontinued. In conclusion, it is necessary to perform repeated neurological examinations after sedation is discontinued and to assess continued respiratory distress after extubating to detect trauma-related diaphragmatic paralysis.
Azygos lobe: A rare cause of right paratracheal opacity in children
Authors: Kasap Tolga , Yavuz Korhan
Published: November 2023

he azygos lobe is a rare anatomical variation located in the upper mediastinum. It is more common in males and has a genetic predisposition. It is often located on the right lung. Azygos lobe is usually asymptomatic and does not require specific treatment. The azygos lobe should be kept in mind when examining the posteroanterior chest X-ray, one of the well-implemented medical inspections in pediatric clinics. In this case study, we report a 6-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency service because of a three-day-lasting cough, a fever that can reach 39,2°C, and difficulty in inspirium that started an hour ago and computed tomography revealed azygos lobe.
Develop a retirement plan and stick to it
Authors: Willows Gizelle D.
Published: November 2023

This study explores the relationship between financial literacy, behavior and attitude, and retire- ment savings decisions. Members of a South African tertiary institution’s retirement fund were sur- veyed and multistage multivariate regression and mediation analyses showed that developing and conforming to a retirement plan positively influenced financial attitude and behavior. This indicates that interventions should focus on the specific behaviors which drive retirement planning, rather than financial literacy in isolation. Use of formal tools such as consulting with a financial planner also increases the relative risk of successful retirement planning. This presents a tangible and linear approach towards improved financial behavior.
What will ChatGPT revolutionize in the financial industry?
Authors: Ali Hassnian , Aysan Ahmet Faruk
Published: November 2023

The launch of the open AI chatbot, ChatGPT, in November 2022 has generated widespread excitement around Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). While researchers have explored ChatGPT's ability to produce content and respond to input, our study takes a different approach and examines its use cases in the financial industry. We aim to understand what ChatGPT offers the financial industry and how it differs from existing banking and financial chatbots. Financial institutions can use ChatGPT for a variety of purposes, including customer engagement, personalization, up-selling and cross-selling, stock forecasting, product development, and financial education. By focusing on the potential of ChatGPT in finance, we hope to spark discussions about its applications in other domains and explore the possibilities of a larger revolution in the future. Finally, this study identifies the challenges associated with the use of Generative Open AI and LLMs-based chatbots in the financial industry and provides recommendations for addressing these challenges.
تنفيذ السياسات وادامة الطرق العامة لمحافظة كربلاء المقدسة (2018-2020) (دراسة امبريقية)
Authors: فوزي صادق الغزي م.د حيدر
Published: November 2023

عانت محافظة كربلاء من الاهمال الواضح في البنى التحتية وتطوير الطرق قبل تغيير النظام السياسي في العراق عام (2003) ، وكان لوفرة التخصيصات المالية نسبياً بعد عام (2003) دوراً في نهضة عمرانية في مجال صنع وتطوير سياسة الطرق واعادة اكساتها ، وقد تبنى بكثنا اجراء احصائيا لرسم سياسة الطرق في المحافظة واقضيتها ونواحيها من خلال التنسيق وجرد البيانات في دوائر البلدية والحكومة المحلية، وتوضح هذه الدراسة سياسة تطوير الطرق للسنوات (2018-2019-2020) من خلال الجهود الذاتية لدوائر البلديه في المحافظة تارة، ومن خلال دائرة المشاريع في المحافظة والتي تعمل بتمويلها من مبالغ تنمية الاقاليم تارة اخرى ، وبين هذا وذاك وجدنا بان هناك تنسيقاً مشتركاً بين هذه الجهات التنفيذيه في التخطيط والتصميم ووضع البدائل والتنفيذ والتقييم هذه السياسات، وان الهدف المشترك هو تطوير شوارع المحافظة واخراجها بالمظهر الذي يليق بها كمحافظة تعتبر مزاراً للمسلمين.
إشكالية التحكيم أمام المركز الدولي (الاكسيد) بالاستناد لقوانين الاستثمار الداخلية (العراق انموذجا)
Authors: مطلب خبصي م.د. ممتاز
Published: November 2023

سلطنا الضوء على مشكلة التحكيم أمام المركز الدولي لتسوية منازعات الاستثمار (ICSID) بالاستناد لقوانين الاستثمار الداخلية، وتم ذكر العراق انموذجا ، كون العراق انضم حديثا إلى اتفاقية تسوية نزاعات الاستثمار بين دول ومواطني دول أخرى التي دخلت حيز التنفيذ عام 1966 (اتفاقية واشنطن) بموجب قانون الانضمام رقم 64 لسنة 2012 ، وخلصت الدراسة إلى ان تحكيم المركز الدولي بالاستناد إلى قوانين الدول الداخلية الخاصة بالاستثمار يعد نوعاً من التحكيم الاجباري أو الالزامي ؛ لأن الأطراف مجبرون على اللجوء لتحكيم المركز الدولي . وان جود الصلة الوثيقة بين تحكيم المركز الدولي وقوانين الاستثمار العراقية، يجعل من المتوقع حدوث نزاعات بين الأطراف المعنية حول تفسير وتطبيق هذه القوانين، يتم البت فيها عبر تحكيم هذه المنظمة الدولية المتعددة الأطراف المركز الدولي)، ومعلوم أن التوجه غير المتوازن ، سيؤثر مباشرة في مسار تلك النزاعات ومن ثم في أحكام تحكيم المركز الدولي، وهذا الأمر سيؤدي بآلية تحكيمية يُغلب فيها مصالح المستثمرين الأجانب في تحقيق الربح الاقتصادي على مصالح تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية للعراق.
ضمانات حرية الرأي والتعبير في النظام الدستوري العراقي بين النص والممارسة
Authors: م.د محمد عبد الرحيم حاتم
Published: November 2023

يعرف الفقهاء حرية الرأي والتعبير بانها : تمكين الفرد في التماس المعلومات والأفكار والاعتقاد كيفما يشاء ، وفي ذلك التعبير عن افكاره وآرائه السياسية والدينية و الفلسفية بأي طريقة كانت، و منها المناقشة او تبادل الآراء، سواء كان عن طريق ممارسة الشعائر الدينية ام التعليم او عن طريق النشر او اي وسيلة اخرى. ومن هذا المنطلق تعد حرية الرأي والتعبير حقاً طبيعياً شرعيا ذا قيمة إنسانية تجسد حرية الإنسان، وكل قمع هذه أخرية هو حط من قيمة الإنسان، لذلك الجهة الدساتير أحديثة - ومنها الدستور العراقي - على تضمينها في نص الدستور و كفالة تطبيقها ، باعتبار وجودها قرينة على قيام النظام الديمقراطي المستند على احكام الدستور، ومن ثم هي ركيزة اساسية لقيام ألحكم الرشيد . وإذا كان النص الدستوري قد جعل من هذا أكن حقاً دستورياً ذا قيمة دستورية عليا تسمو على كل المبادئ و الأحكام التشريعية الصادرة استناداً لنصه، وجعل في هذا النحن ضمانة دستورية له، فهل هذا كافي لمنع الغير من التجاوز على هذا أكن ؟ ام ان السياسيين - الممثلين بالسلطة التشريعية - هم قول آخر ، و وقع مؤثر في وجود و فاعلية هذا أكن الدستوري على ارض الواقع ؟هنا تثار إشكالية الممارسة السياسية التي يتحكم بها القابضين على الحكم و الرها على النص الدستوري، بعده ضمانة لوجود أكق و تطبيقه، فعادة ما يسعى رجال السياسة إلى الانحراف في تطبيق النص الدستوري، من خلال تشريع قوانين تكون بعيدة عن روح و غايات النص الدستوري، وذلك تحقيقاً لمصالح حربية و فئوية ضيقة ، مما يجعل النحن التشريعي فاقداً المشروعيته الدستورية، وهذا ما يعرف ب الأزمة بين النحن و الممارسة).
العنف السياسي وبناء الدولة في العراق بعد عام ٢٠٠٣
Authors: م مؤيد جبار حسن
Published: November 2023

من القضايا المهمة في فكر وتاريخ العراق أكرية، ظاهرة العنف التي كان لها اثر بالغ في تشكيل ملامح الوطن ووجوده على الخارطة وفي مجال تخصصنا الفكر السياسي) سنتناول بالبحث العنف المرتبط بالسياسة او العنف السياسي ، نتقصى مفهومه وخصائصه، وما كانك انعكاساته على الواقع العراقي . فالعراق منذ عشرينات القرن الماضي ، انبئق للوجود بعد ثورة العشرين ، ثم واكب العنق جميع محطاته السياسية، منذ انتهاء أعقبة الملكية مروراً بصعود الجمهورية ، وصولاً الى سقوط النظام البعثي عام ۲۰۰۳، على يد الغزاة الاجانب . وفي المدة التي تلك سقوط نظام صدام حسين عام ۲۰۰۳ ، اندلع العنف السياسي بشكل غير مسبوق. إذ مارسه المحتلون ضد الشعب العراقي بكافة اطيافه ، ثم ظهرك مجاميع مسلحة جاء معظمها من خارج العراق بنية قتال الامريكان وبعضها بنية الجريمة المنظمة، مستغلة حالة الفوضى والانفلات الأمني.
حرية التنقل بين الواقع والدستور في جائحة كرونا
Authors: البياتي م. هيفاء راضي جعفر
Published: November 2023

اتخذت السلطات العامة إجراءات مختلفة لمواجهة انتشار (جائحة كرونا الذي اجتاح العالم في عام ٢٠٢٠ اهمها حظر التجوال وعدم السماح للمواطنين بالخروج من منازلهم لممارسة حقوقهم الأساسية المكفولة دستوريا ، كحن العمل وحق التعليم وحرية الصحافة وغيرها إلا ان هذه الإجراءات اصطرية بالاعتبارات الأمنية بوضع القيود على حرية الفرد كا كبس والتوظيف لتحقيق السلامة العامة في المجتمع بما يحقق لهم الأمن العام والصحة والسكينة . ولضمان عدم انتهاك هذا الحرية وتحولها الى مجرد نصوص دستورية لا قيمة لها ينبغي التناسب والتوازن بين تقييد حرية التنقل للافراد وبين مواجهة الظروف الاستثنائية حماية المصلحة العامة من انتشار وباء فايروس كرونا ووضع آلياك وخطط سليمة لمنع تحول الحماية هذه المصلحة ذريعة بوضع القيود على الحقوق والحريات الأساسية للفرد عجة توفير الصحة والسلامة للإنسان، وبالتالي ستكون تلك الاجراءات سبباً في تدهور الوضع الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للفرد.
Research on English Translation of Shaanxi Folk Songs under the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics
Authors: Chen Lin , Miao Zhuang
Published: November 2023

Shanbei folk song, an art form full of flavor and emotion, carries the deep historical and cultural heritage of the Shanbei region. It is not only a form of music, but also a kind of emotional communication, a kind of cultural communication. Songs are emotional bridges across cultures and languages, and through translation, the emotions and life experiences of the people of northern Shaanxi can be shared with people all over the world. By translating northern Shaanxi folk songs into English, more people can understand and appreciate this unique art form, thus better spreading traditional Chinese culture. However, when translators try to translate them into English, many difficulties and challenges follow, such as language barriers and cultural differences. Therefore, how to correctly deal with the challenges and accomplish high-quality translation is the key concern of every translator. Based on this, this paper elaborates on the specific path of English translation of Shaanxi folk songs from the perspective of translation aesthetics.
Women Issues in Pakistan’s Politics: A Case of Psychological and Economic Challenges
Authors: Shakil Anila , Akram Saira , Sultan Sarwat , Aqeel Muhammad , Ayub Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Women's issues in Pakistani politics continue to be a pressing concern, reflecting the complex challenges faced by women in the country's political landscape. Women in Pakistan face a range of psychological and economic issues within the realm of politics, which can significantly hinder their full participation in the political arena. Psychologically, many women grapple with the pervasive gender bias and discrimination present in the political landscape. The deeply entrenched patriarchal culture often leads to a lack of recognition and respect for women's contributions, affecting their self-esteem and self-confidence. Women in politics frequently endure derogatory comments, harassment, and even threats, resulting in anxiety and fear that can deter them from active political engagement. While, economically women in Pakistan's politics often struggle due to limited access to resources and funding. Running for office and maintaining a political career can be financially demanding, and many women lack the financial means to compete effectively. Traditional gender roles and societal norms often place economic restrictions on women, making it difficult for them to access campaign resources, hire staff, or travel for political activities. This economic disadvantage hampers their ability to build a strong political presence and may limit their career prospects. However, to address these psychological and economic issues, Pakistan must implement policies and programs that empower women in politics. This study examines the challenges face by women psychologically and economically in Pakistan’s politics and suggests suitable measures to strengthen the role of women in politics.
Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre el Diagnóstico, Tratamiento y Prevención de la Bronquiolitis en el Niño Menor de 2 Años de Edad. Perú – 2013
Authors: Gonzáles Saravia Carlos , Rojas Galarza Raúl , Bernaola Aponte Guillermo , Li Sing Ana , Alamo Solís Carlos , Gonzáles Saravia Lorena
Published: November 2023

En el Perú, una de las principales causas de consulta pediátrica son las infecciones respiratorias agudas (como la bronquiolitis) que afectan a un gran número de pacientes, causando un alto costo en la atención, directa (atención al paciente) e indirecta (recursos destinados a la familia del paciente y su entorno familiar y laboral). La metodología ADAPTE, es el proceso de adaptación de guías de práctica clínica que permite desarrollar guías de buena calidad metodológica a partir de las existentes en otro ámbito de aplicación. Con ello, se optimiza el empleo de recursos económicos y humanos. El problema de la atención en salud está asociado a la gran variabilidad y heterogeneidad del manejo del paciente. Por ello, el objetivo principal de la presente guía es disminuir la variabilidad en el proceso de diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención en la atención de la bronquiolitis.
Toma de Decisiones Compartidas con el Paciente Adolescente
Authors: Oliveros Donohue Miguel
Published: November 2023

El adolescente como paciente está viviendo un proceso de madurez y deben darse con ellos la mano la ética y el cuidado de su salud. El pediatra debe pensar en brindarle lo mejor para conseguir su bienestar, pero priorizar la confidencialidad, incentivar la autonomía y proteger sus derechos, tropieza muchas veces con la patria potestad paterna y con la exigencia de libertad del adolescente. Es recomendable tomar decisiones compartidas con el adolescente y sus padres, buscando soluciones equilibradas, reflexionando y haciéndoles entender que el camino del éxito se alcanzará con el esfuerzo tripartita.
Estudio Piloto sobre las Características Epidemiológicas de los Golpes en la Cabeza en los Niños Menores de 5 Años
Authors: Álvarez Sanz Ana María , Zea Vera Alonso , Guillén Pinto Daniel
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia y características epidemiológicas de los golpes en la cabeza sufridos por niños menores de cinco años.

Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional usando una encuesta aplicada a madres de familia seleccionadas al azar en la consulta externa de pediatría de un hospital general. Se recolectaron datos sobre las características delos traumas craneales sufridos por sus hijos.

Resultados: Se realizaron 199 encuestas y se reportaron 446 traumas craneales. Se obtuvo información detallada en 310 casos. En 271 (87.4%) el accidente ocurrió en el hogar y en 164 (52.9%) ocurrieron en horas de la tarde. Las caídas libres fueron el mecanismo más frecuente del accidente en 211 (68.1%), y de la cama fue el lugar habitual (122). En 23 (7.4%) de casos la madre consultó a un hospital y en 43 (13.9%) a un centro de salud. En 4 (1.3%) fue necesaria la hospitalización del niño.

Conclusión: Nueve de cada diez niños menores de cinco años sufrieron golpes en la cabeza. El promedio presentó más de dos golpes. Los accidentes ocurrieron frecuentemente en casa, en horas de la tarde y a consecuencia de caídas libres, habitualmente de la cama.
Violencia y Estrés Infantil: Implicancias en el Desarrollo
Authors: Del Águila Escobedo Aníbal
Published: November 2023

El incremento de la violencia infantil en todos los niveles sociales y económicos es alarmante y preocupa de manera creciente al conjunto de la sociedad y también a la profesión médica por sus potenciales consecuencias negativas a lo largo de la vida de los niños que la padecen. La interacción con el entorno y las experiencias estresantes son determinantes en el desarrollo del niño desde el primer día de su formación en el vientre materno y a lo largo de la infancia. En las últimas décadas varios trabajos de investigación han puesto en evidencia la asociación entre violencia y estrés en los primeros años de vida con efectos sobre la estructura y función cerebral, alteraciones psiquiátricas, cognitivas y afectivas, abuso de drogas y alcohol, así como a enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes tipo 2 en la edad adulta. El inaceptable elevado número de niños expuestos a violencia y estrés en la vida temprana en nuestra sociedad urge tomar acciones para disminuir el riesgo de que un menor se convierta en víctima y prevenir las graves consecuencias neurobiológicas, físicas, mentales y emocionalesa corto y largo plazo. Esto requiere la elaboración de programas de prevención y de ayuda para el elevado número de víctimas. Hay que tener en cuenta que la pobreza en que vive una proporción significativa de nuestra población infantil constituye una forma de violencia importante. La familia, como el entorno primario responsable de su protección y sano desarrollo, desempeña un rol crucial en la prevención y la restauración del niño que experimenta violencia a temprana edad.
Adult-Onset Cystic Hygroma in the Axilla in a 44-year old Female: A Case Report
Authors: Siguan Stephen Sixto , Velez Mary Nicole
Published: November 2023

This is a case of a 44- year old female presenting with an 18cm x 17cm soft, movable, non-tender mass at the right axilla extending to the lateral aspect of the right breast. Computerized tomographic scan of the chest revealed a lobulated, multi-septated hypodense mass. The patient underwent excision of the right axillary mass and final histopathology revealed cystic lymphangioma. Adult-onset cystic hygroma of the axilla is a rare case, with less than 10 studies documented in PubMed. Total surgical excision remains to be its primary treatment. Key words: Adult-onset cystic hygroma, cystic hygroma, lymphangioma, axilla
Post-operative Complications in Patients Undergoing Early Closure Compared to Delayed Closure of Ileostomy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rojas Raleigh Lean , Azares Manuel Rafael
Published: November 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of early ileostomy closure compared to delayed closure in adult patients that have undergone bowel surgery. Specific outcomes measured included wound infection, ileus, postoperative obstruction, anastomotic failure, total number of complications and mortality. Methods: Online search was made through Medline, Cochrane, EBSCHost, and ClinicalKey databases up to June 2018 for randomized controlled trials comparing early (<4 weeks) and delayed (>4 weeks) closure of ileostomy. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized for data analysis. The odds ratio was determined for each of the outcomes. Results: Eight RCT’s met the inclusion criteria, yielding 1126 patients (506 in early closure and 620 in delayed closure group). Statistical analysis showed no advantage of delayed closure over early closure of ileostomy in terms of post-operative complications (OR 1.13, 95% CI, 0.84-1.54, p=0.45), rate of anastomotic leakage (OR 0.96;95% CI, 0.55-1.66, p=0.54) and over-all mortality (OR 2.00;95% CI, 0.18-22.29, p=0.57). Early closure patients were found to be less likely to have post-operative ileus or obstruction when compared to delayed closure (OR 0.36;95% CI, 0.14-0.90, p=0.03). However, early closure was more likely to cause postoperative wound infection compared to delayed closure (OR 2.32;95% CI, 1.48-3.63, p=0.0002). Conclusion: Early closure of ileostomy is beneficial in terms of development of less post-operative ileus. Delayed closure of ileostomy is advantageous in terms of less wound infections. Key words: early closure, late closure, reversal, defunctioning stoma, ileostomy, colon surgery, bowel surgery
A Comparison of Distal Endoluminal Graft Fixation Methods: Healing Characteristics of Metallic Stents and the Endoluminal Suture Technique
Authors: Quintos Ricardo Jose , Ohki Takao , Veith Frank
Published: November 2023

Rationale: Endoluminal grafts (EG) are a promising alternative to conventional open surgical approaches in the treatment of aneurysmal and occlusive arterial diseases. These devices generally employ metallic stents to secure the proximal and distal EG extents. However, the problem of intimal hyperplasia at the distal EG anastomotic ends similarly affect long-term outcomes as in conventional interposition grafting methods. A technique of distal EG anastomosis using handsewn endoluminal sutures is described and its effects on subsequent development of intimal hyperplasia compared with that of metallic endoluminal stents Methods: Ten adult mongrel dogs underwent bilateral common iliac artery endoluminal grafting procedures. On one side, the distal EG anastomosis was anchored with metallic stents while on the contralateral side the distal EG was secured with endoluminal sutures. The grafts were harvested after one month and the intimal characteristics were observed using histopathological methods. Results: Distal EG metallic stents and endoluminal sutures resulted in similar patency rates of 90%. The average time to deploy distal EG metallic stents was 56 seconds, while the average time to secure the distal EG anastomosis using endoluminal sutures was 3 minutes 42 seconds. Metallic stents induced the development of intimal hyperplasia to a degree greater than endoluminal sutures (316 ± 12 μm vs. 245 ± 30 μm, p< 0.05), but did not affect patency. Conclusion: Hand sewn endoluminal suture technique results in a lesser degree of intimal hyperplasia compared with that produced by endoluminal metallic stents, while the patency rates are comparable. Key words: hyperplasia, stents, suture techniques, arterial occlusive disease