bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
U.S. cereal rye winter cover crop growth database
Authors: Huddell Alexandra M. , Thapa Resham , Marcillo Guillermo S. , Abendroth Lori J. , Ackroyd Victoria J. , Armstrong Shalamar D. , Asmita Gautam , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Balkcom Kipling S. , Basche Andrea , Beam Shawn , Bradley Kevin , Canisares Lucas Pecci , Darby Heather , Davis Adam S. , Devkota Pratap , Dick Warren A. , Evans Jeffery A. , Everman Wesley J. , de Almeida Tauana Ferreira , Flessner Michael L. , Fultz Lisa M. , Gailans Stefan , Hashemi Masoud , Haymaker Joseph , Helmers Matthew J. , Jordan Nicholas , Kaspar Thomas C. , Ketterings Quirine M. , Kladivko Eileen , Kravchenko Alexandra , Law Eugene P. , Lazaro Lauren , Leon Ramon G. , Liebert Jeffrey , Lindquist John , Loria Kristen , McVane Jodie M. , Miller Jarrod O. , Mulvaney Michael J. , Nkongolo Nsalambi V. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Parajuli Binaya , Pelzer Christopher , Peterson Cara , Poffenbarger Hanna , Poudel Pratima , Reiter Mark S. , Ruark Matt , Ryan Matthew R. , Samuelson Spencer , Sawyer John E. , Seehaver Sarah , Shergill Lovreet S. , Upadhyaya Yogendra Raj , VanGessel Mark , Waggoner Ashley L. , Wallace John M. , Wells Samantha , White Charles , Wolters Bethany , Woodley Alex , Ye Rongzhong , Youngerman Eric , Needelman Brian A. , Mirsky Steven B.
Published: February 2024

Winter cover crop performance metrics (i.e., vegetative biomass quantity and quality) affect ecosystem services provisions, but they vary widely due to differences in agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate. Cereal rye (Secale cereale) is the most common winter cover crop in the United States due to its winter hardiness, low seed cost, and high biomass production. We compiled data on cereal rye winter cover crop performance metrics, agronomic practices, and soil properties across the eastern half of the United States. The dataset includes a total of 5,695 cereal rye biomass observations across 208 site-years between 2001–2022 and encompasses a wide range of agronomic, soils, and climate conditions. Cereal rye biomass values had a mean of 3,428 kg ha−1, a median of 2,458 kg ha−1, and a standard deviation of 3,163 kg ha−1. The data can be used for empirical analyses, to calibrate, validate, and evaluate process-based models, and to develop decision support tools for management and policy decisions.
Mapping urban form into local climate zones for the continental US from 1986–2020
Authors: Qi Meng , Xu Chunxue , Zhang Wenwen , Demuzere Matthias , Hystad Perry , Lu Tianjun , James Peter , Bechtel Benjamin , Hankey Steve
Published: February 2024

Urbanization has altered land surface properties driving changes in micro-climates. Urban form influences people’s activities, environmental exposures, and health. Developing detailed and unified longitudinal measures of urban form is essential to quantify these relationships. Local Climate Zones [LCZ] are a culturally-neutral urban form classification scheme. To date, longitudinal LCZ maps at large scales (i.e., national, continental, or global) are not available. We developed an approach to map LCZs for the continental US from 1986 to 2020 at 100 m spatial resolution. We developed lightweight contextual random forest models using a hybrid model development pipeline that leveraged crowdsourced and expert labeling and cloud-enabled modeling – an approach that could be generalized to other countries and continents. Our model achieved good performance: 0.76 overall accuracy (0.55–0.96 class-wise F1 scores). To our knowledge, this is the first high-resolution, longitudinal LCZ map for the continental US. Our work may be useful for a variety of fields including earth system science, urban planning, and public health.
Carbon dioxide and cardiac output as major contributors to cerebral oxygenation during apnoeic oxygenation
Authors: Kaiser Heiko Andreas , Bauer Thomas , Riva Thomas , Greif Robert , Riedel Thomas , Theiler Lorenz , Nabecker Sabine
Published: February 2024

Apnoeic oxygenation has experienced a resurgence in interest in critical care and perioperative medicine. However, its effect on cerebral oxygenation and factors influencing it, have not yet been investigated in detail. By using near-infrared spectroscopy, we intended to provide further evidence for the safety of apnoeic oxygenation and to increase our understanding of the association between cerebral perfusion, haemodynamic, respiratory and demographic factors. In this secondary analysis of a prospective randomized controlled noninferiority trial, we recruited 125 patients, who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade. Arterial blood samples were taken every 2 min for a total of 15 min under apnoeic oxygenation with 100% oxygen. Near-infrared spectroscopy and cardiac output were continuously measured. Statistical analysis was performed using uni- and multivariable statistics. Ninety-one complete data sets were analysed. In six patients the SpO2 fell below 92% (predefined study termination criterion). The significant average increase of cerebral oxygenation was 0.5%/min and 2.1 mmHg/min for the arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2). The median cardiac output increased significantly from 5.0 l/min (IQR 4.5–6.0) to 6.5 l/min (IQR 5.7–7.5). The most significant effect on cerebral oxygenation was exhibited by the variable paCO2 and non-specific patient factors, followed by cardiac output and paO2. Apnoeic oxygenation proves to have a high safety profile while significantly increasing cerebral oxygenation, paCO2 and cardiac output. In reverse, NIRS might act as a reliable clinical surrogate of paCO2 and cardiac output during stable arterial oxygenation.
Host brain environmental influences on transplanted medial ganglionic eminence progenitors
Authors: Paterno Rosalia , Vu Thy , Hsieh Caroline , Baraban Scott C.
Published: February 2024

Interneuron progenitor transplantation can ameliorate disease symptoms in a variety of neurological disorders. The strategy is based on transplantation of embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) progenitors. Elucidating how host brain environment influences the integration of interneuron progenitors is critical for optimizing this strategy across different disease states. Here, we systematically evaluated the influence of age and brain region on survival, migration, and differentiation of transplant-derived cells. We find that early postnatal MGE transplantation yields superior survival and more extensive migratory capabilities compared to transplantation during the juvenile or adult stages. MGE progenitors migrate more widely in the cortex compared to the hippocampus. Maturation to interneuron subtypes is regulated by age and brain region. MGE progenitors transplanted into the dentate gyrus sub-region of the early postnatal hippocampus can differentiate into astrocytes. Our results suggest that the host brain environment critically regulates survival, spatial distribution, and maturation of MGE-derived interneurons following transplantation. These findings inform and enable optimal conditions for interneuron transplant therapies.
Comparative study of 1H-NMR metabolomic profile of canine synovial fluid in patients affected by four progressive stages of spontaneous osteoarthritis
Authors: Piccionello Angela Palumbo , Sassaroli Sara , Pennasilico Luca , Rossi Giacomo , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Riccio Valentina , Di Bella Caterina , Laghi Luca , Angelini Maddalena , Marini Carlotta , Magi Gian Enrico
Published: February 2024

The study aimed to assess the metabolomic profile of the synovial fluid (SF) of dogs affected by spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) and compare any differences based on disease progression. Sixty client-owned dogs affected by spontaneous OA underwent clinical, radiographic, and cytologic evaluations to confirm the diagnosis. The affected joints were divided into four study groups based on the Kallgreen–Lawrence classification: OA1 (mild), OA2 (moderate), OA3 (severe), and OA4 (extremely severe/deforming). The osteoarthritic joint’s SF was subjected to cytologic examination and 1H-NMR analysis. The metabolomic profiles of the study groups’ SF samples were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA. Sixty osteoarthritic joints (45 stifles, 10 shoulders and 5 elbows) were included in the study. Fourteen, 28, and 18 joints were included in the OA1, OA2, and OA3 groups, respectively (0 joints in the OA4 group). Metabolomic analysis identified 48 metabolites, five of which were significantly different between study groups: Mannose and betaine were elevated in the OA1 group compared with the OA2 group, and the 2-hydroxyisobutyrate concentration decreased with OA progression; in contrast, isoleucine was less concentrated in mild vs. moderate OA, and lactate increased in severe OA. This study identified different 1H-NMR metabolomic profiles of canine SF in patients with progressive degrees of spontaneous OA, suggesting 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis as a potential alternative method for monitoring OA progression. In addition, the results suggest the therapeutic potentials of the metabolomic pathways that involve mannose, betaine, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, and lactate.
On the (relation between) efficiency and secret key rate of QKD
Authors: Bebrov Georgi
Published: February 2024

The processes of evaluation and comparison play a vital role in the development of a scientific field. In the field of quantum cryptography (especially quantum key distribution, QKD), the so-called secret key rate is used for characterizing the performance of a protocol (scheme). However the current definition of this quantity is incomplete. It does not consider the classical communication process taking place in a QKD protocol. There exists a quantity that involves all the procedures (resources) in a communication process: it is the efficiency (total efficiency). This paper reports a definition of this parameter. Also the relation between the total efficiency and key rate is found. By means of this relation, the total secret key rate of a QKD protocol is expressed. An application of the total key rate is demonstrated: the original twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) is evaluated in terms of this rate. The paper also shows a comparison between the total key rate and the standard key rate of a TF-QKD.
Polar order, shear banding, and clustering in confined active matter
Authors: Canavello Daniel , Damascena Rubens H. , Cabral Leonardo R. E. , de Souza Silva Clécio C.
Published: February 2024

We investigate sterically interacting self-propelled particles confined in a harmonic potential, revealing diverse collective behaviors: shear-banded vortex, uniform vortex, orbiting polar state, and multi-cluster phases at low filling fractions.
Enhancing reinforcement learning‐based ramp metering performance at freeway uncertain bottlenecks using curriculum learning
Authors: Zheng Si , Li Zhibin , Li Meng , Ke Zemian
Published: February 2024

Most current RM approaches are developed for fixed bottlenecks. However, the number and locations of bottlenecks are usually uncertain and even time‐varying due to some unexpected phenomena, such as severe accidents and temporal lane closures. Thus, the RM approach should be able to enhance traffic flow stability by effectively handling the time‐delay effect and fluctuations in traffic flow rate caused by uncertain bottlenecks. This study proposed a novel approach called deep reinforcement learning with curriculum learning (DRLCL) to improve ramp metering efficacy under uncertain bottleneck conditions. The curriculum learning method transfers an optimal control policy from a simple on‐ramp bottleneck case to more challenging bottleneck tasks, while DRLCL agents explore and learn from the tasks gradually. Four RM control tasks were developed in the modified cell transmission model, including typical on‐ramp bottleneck, fixed downstream bottleneck, random‐location bottleneck, and multiple bottlenecks. With curriculum learning, the entire training process was reduced by 45.1% to 64.5%, while maintaining a similar maximum reward level compared to DRL‐based RM control with full learning from scratch. Specifically, the results also demonstrated that the proposed DRLCL‐based RM outperformed the feedback‐based RM due to its stronger predictive ability, faster response, and higher action precision.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: The DR5 analysis of the medium-resolution GIRAFFE and high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars
Authors: Worley C. C. , Smiljanic R. , Magrini L. , Frasca A. , Franciosini E. , Montes D. , Feuillet D. K. , Tabernero H. M. , Hernández J. I. González , Villanova S. , Mikolaitis Š. , Lind K. , Tautvaišienė G. , Casey A. R. , Korn A. J. , Bonifacio P. , Soubiran C. , Caffau E. , Guiglion G. , Merle T. , Hourihane A. , Gonneau A. , François P. , Randich S. , Gilmore G. , Lewis J. R. , Murphy D. N. A. , Jeffries R. D. , Koposov S. E. , Blomme R. , Lanzafame A. C. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , Alfaro E. J. , Walton N. A. , Vallenari A. , Prusti T. , Biazzo K. , Jofré P. , Zaggia S. , Heiter U. , Marfil E. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Albarrán M. L. Gutiérrez , Morbidelli L.
Published: February 2024

The Gaia-ESO Survey is an European Southern Observatory (ESO) public spectroscopic survey that targeted 105 stars in the Milky Way covering the major populations of the disk, bulge and halo. The observations were made using FLAMES on the VLT obtaining both UVES high (R ~ 47 000) and GIRAFFE medium (R ~ 20 000) resolution spectra. The analysis of the Gaia-ESO spectra was the work of multiple analysis teams (nodes) within five working groups (WG). The homogenisation of the stellar parameters within WG11 (high resolution observations of FGK stars) and the homogenisation of the stellar parameters within WG10 (medium resolution observations of FGK stars) is described here. In both cases, the homogenisation was carried out using a Bayesian Inference method developed specifically for the Gaia-ESO Survey by WG11. The method was also used for the chemical abundance homogenisation within WG11, however, the WG10 chemical abundance data set was too sparsely populated so basic corrections for each node analysis were employed for the homogenisation instead. The WG10 homogenisation primarily used the cross-match of stars with WG11 as the reference set in both the stellar parameter and chemical abundance homogenisation. In this way the WG10 homogenised results have been placed directly onto the WG11 stellar parameter and chemical abundance scales. The reference set for the metal-poor end was sparse which limited the effectiveness of the homogenisation in that regime. For WG11, the total number of stars for which stellar parameters were derived was 6 231 with typical uncertainties for Teff, log g and [Fe/H] of 32 K, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively. One or more chemical abundances out of a possible 39 elements were derived for 6 188 of the stars. For WG10, the total number of stars for which stellar parameters were derived was 76 675 with typical uncertainties for Teff, log g and [Fe/H] of 64 K, 0.15 and 0.07 respectively. One or more chemical abundances out of a possible 30 elements were derived for 64177 of the stars.
The GRAVITY young stellar object survey
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Bouarour Y.-I. , Garcia Lopez R. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Perraut K. , Aimar N. , Amorim A. , Berger J.-P. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Clénet Y. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Dougados C. , Drescher A. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Flock M. , Garcia P. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Grant S. , Heißel G. , Henning Th. , Jocou L. , Kervella P. , Labadie L. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Linz H. , Lutz D. , Mang F. , Nowacki H. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. , Pineda J. E. , Ribeiro D. C. , Sadun Bordoni M. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Soulain A. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. , Vincent F.
Published: February 2024

Aims. We aim to investigate the origin of the HI Brγ emission in young stars by using GRAVITY to image the innermost region of circumstellar disks, where important physical processes such as accretion and winds occur. With high spectral and angular resolution, we focus on studying the continuum and the HI Brγ-emitting area of the Herbig star HD 58647.

Methods. Using VLTI-GRAVITY, we conducted observations of HD 58647 with both high spectral and high angular resolution. Thanks to the extensive uv coverage, we were able to obtain detailed images of the circumstellar environment at a sub-au scale, specifically capturing the continuum and the Brγ-emitting region. Through the analysis of velocity-dispersed images and photocentre shifts, we were able to investigate the kinematics of the HI Brγ-emitting region.

Results. The recovered continuum images show extended emission where the disk major axis is oriented along a position angle of 14°. The size of the continuum emission at 5-σ levels is ~1.5 times more extended than the sizes reported from geometrical fitting (3.69 mas ± 0.02 mas). This result supports the existence of dust particles close to the stellar surface, screened from the stellar radiation by an optically thick gaseous disk. Moreover, for the first time with GRAVITY, the hot gas component of HD 58647 traced by the Brγ has been imaged. This allowed us to constrain the size of the Brγ-emitting region and study the kinematics of the hot gas; we find its velocity field to be roughly consistent with gas that obeys Keplerian motion. The velocity-dispersed images show that the size of the hot gas emission is from a more compact region than the continuum (2.3 mas ± 0.2 mas). Finally, the line phases show that the emission is not entirely consistent with Keplerian rotation, hinting at a more complex structure in the hot gaseous disk.
A comprehensive search for hot subdwarf stars using Gaia and TESS
Authors: Uzundag Murat , Krzesinski Jurek , Pelisoli Ingrid , Németh Péter , Silvotti Roberto , Vučković Maja , Dawson Harry , Geier Stephan
Published: February 2024

Hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars are evolved, subluminous, helium-burning stars that most likely form when red giant stars loose their hydrogen envelope via interactions with close companions. They play an important role in our understanding of binary evolution, stellar atmospheres, and interiors. Only a small fraction of the sdB population is known to exhibit pulsations. Pulsating sdBs have typically been discovered serendipitously in various photometric surveys because specific selection criteria for the sample are lacking. Consequently, while individual properties of these stars are well known, a comprehensive understanding of the entire population remains elusive, and many related questions remain unanswered. The Gaia mission has presented an exceptional chance to create an unbiased sample by employing precise criteria and ensuring a high degree of completeness. The progression of high-precision and high-duty cycle photometric monitoring facilitated by space missions such as Kepler/K2 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has yielded an unparalleled wealth of data for pulsating sdBs. We created a dataset of confirmed pulsating sdB stars by combining information from various ground- and space-based photometric surveys. With this dataset, we present a thorough approach to search for pulsating sdB stars based on the current Gaia DR3 sample. Based on TESS photometry, we discovered 61 new pulsating sdB stars and 20 variable sdBs whose source of variability remains to be determined through future spectroscopic follow-up observations.
User-generated content and relevance of sustainability dimensions in the wine market
Authors: Gómez-Borja Miguel-Ángel , Carrasco Inmaculada , Castillo-Valero Juan Sebastián
Published: February 2024

This study explores the intersection of increasing environmental concerns in the wine industry and the influence of user-generated content (UGC) in shaping trends and attitudes towards sustainable practices. Consumers and businesses are highly interested in sustainable, eco-friendly, and organic wines and processes. With the exponential rise of UGC across various internet platforms, there lies an opportunity to analyze different behaviours and trends related to wine markets and consumption. This research aims to collect and scrutinize UGC on social media platforms, explicitly focusing on discussions related to sustainability in the wine industry. Furthermore, the study seeks to complement existing methodologies by analyzing these social conversations, providing valuable insights to wine producers on influential sustainability trends. In essence, this research leverages digital content ecosystems to understand better and predict future trends in wine markets.
Moderate wine consumption and inflammatory bowel diseases. Impact in the gut and oral microbiome
Authors: Taladrid Diego , Molinero Natalia , Zorraquín-Peña Irene , Silva Mariana , Manceñido Noemi , Pajares Ramón , Bartolomé Begoña , Victoria Moreno-Arribas M.
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the effects of moderate red wine consumption on the clinical status and symptomatology of patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC), including the study of the oral and intestinal microbiome. A case control intervention study in UC patients was designed. Intervention patients (n = 5) consumed red wine (250 mL/day) for four weeks whereas control patients (n = 5) did not. Moderate wine consumption significantly (p < 0.05) improved the parameters related to serum iron, and particularly, faecal calprotectin, considered one of the most used parameters in the diagnosis and remission of IBD. Similarly, the intervention with wine alleviated intestinal symptoms evaluated by the IBDQ-32 questionnaire and, consequently, increased the patient's subjective quality of life appreciation. The metagenomic analysis of the microbial populations present in saliva and faeces indicated a lower bacterial diversity in UC patients compared to healthy individuals. Moderate consumption of red wine seemed to balance the proportions of microbial communities and could promote a microbial profile more similar to that observed in healthy individuals. Finally, analysis of faecal metabolites (i.e., phenolic acids and SCFAs) indicated a non-significant increase (p > 0.05) for the UC patients that consumed wine.
Estudios socio-antropológicos para análisis del cambio y la transición sustentable en la producción y el consumo de vino
Authors: del Carmen Salas Quesada María
Published: February 2024

El cambio climático, la transición sustentable y el uso de nuevas tecnologías impactan no solo el futuro y el valor de la producción vitivinícola, sino de manera más general, la manera de producir, consumir y entender un producto como el vino. En ese sentido, uno de los desafíos de la industria vitivinícola a escala global reside en responder y adaptarse al cambio climático, y a las nuevas ideas, valores y demandas en torno al vino que emergen de las nuevas generaciones de consumidores y productores. Hacer frente a estos cambios supone incluso desaprender y cuestionar las tradiciones, los valores y las prácticas de las generaciones pasadas. Estos debates son parte del cambio social, ambiental y generacional en el que se desenvuelve la industria vitivinícola actual. La presente propuesta argumenta la importancia de los estudios socioantropológicos en la interpretación de dichas transformaciones. La socioantropología del vino sitúa la diversidad y la transparencia como aspectos claves para la transición sustentable y la adaptación al cambio. De esta forma, busca describir en profundidad lo que está cambiando con el objetivo de alcanzar una comprensión integral de las principales problemáticas en torno a la industria vitivinícola y así poder avanzar en sus desafíos.
New Record: Ethnobotany of "Buah Tarasi" (Cassia javanica L.) in Sukabumi and Cianjur, West Java
Authors: Billyardi Ramdhan , Miftahudin  , Sulistijorini  , Chikmawati Tatik
Published: February 2024

The article aimed to record community knowledge regarding cultivating, utilizing, and conserving tarasi fruit (Cassia javanica) in Cianjur and Sukabumi Districts, West Java. The ethnobotanical interview method was used for 22 respondents from Cilaku village, Cianjur district, and Tegal Buleud village, Sukabumi district. Respondent criteria have or have owned a tarasi tree and used it. The interview consisted of 20 questions. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The results found that ecologically, tarasi fruit was grown by the community from seed (82%), in cultivation (68%), and planted in the yard (86%). Tarasi fruit is used, among others, for cooking seasoning (38%), firewood (42%), tools (8%), and digestive medicine (12%), but the highest ICS score is for cooking seasoning (10.89). The utilization of tarasi fruit in the form of dried pods is processed into a paste. The presence of live trees in only 36.4% still used for seasoning in only 9.1%, and there has yet to be an attempt to share knowledge. The conclusion is that tarasi fruit for vegetable shrimp paste must be developed so that it has an impact on conservation.
Community Structure and Fish Diversity in Some Mangrove Ecosystems with Varying Levels of Naturalness and Human Activity on Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Retnaningdyah Catur , Arisoesilaningsih Endang , Vidayanti Viky , Salsabila Qathrunnada , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: February 2024

The research aimed to evaluate the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island with varying levels of naturalness and human activity through community structure and diversity of fish species. Sampling was carried out in 11 mangrove ecosystems of Sawahmulya, Sungai Rujing, Hijau Daun, Sidogedungbatu, Pamona, Pasir Putih, Bangsal, Dekatagung, Jherat Lanjheng, Lebak and Pulau Cina. Fish were collected using the net (pore size 5 mm) and visual encounter method. Fish found were identified then the abundance of each species was used to determine the total abundance, taxa richness, and some indices of diversity, dominance, and evenness. Results showed that there were 18 fish species we found in all locations with varying taxa richness in each mangrove ecosystem. The total abundance of mangrove fish is in the range of 61-165 Idv/25m2. All the research sites show a low value (less than 1) in the Diversity Index of Shannon Wiener, low evenness (0.02-0.07), and high variation of dominance Index (0.26-0.94). The higher the level of naturalness and the lower the hemeroby Index, it was found to have an impact on the higher diversity, taxa richness, and evenness of fish. This research indicated that the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island was still low and needed to be managed.
Early Detection of Ratoon Stunting Diseases in Sugarcane Seeds Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Authors: Wijayanti Kristiana Sri , Hidayah Nurul , Yulianti Titiek , Supriyono  , Nurindah  , Sunarto Dwi Adi , Sujak  , Subiyakto  , Indrayani Igaa , Utari Dewi
Published: February 2024

Sugarcane is a kind of plantation crop that can be used as a raw material for the sugar industry. The productivity of sugarcane can be influenced by several factors, including infection of pathogenic bacteria such as Leifsonia xyli f.sp. xyli (Lxx), the causal agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) in sugarcane. The disease is one of the major diseases of sugarcane worldwide. RSD is symptomless unless the disease incidence is severe. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method is generally known for detecting plant pathogens. However, there is still limited information on the detection of RSD using PCR. Therefore, our study aimed to detect the existence of RSD in sugarcane seeds using the PCR method. Three sugarcane varieties were used in this study, including AAS Agribun, AMS Agribun, and BQ (positive control of RSD). We did sample the stems and midribs of those three varieties at the age of 3 and 7 months. The results showed that Lxx was found both in the stem and midrib of sugarcane variety BQ at the age of 3 and 7 months. These results indicated that the PCR method can be used for early detection of RSD in sugarcane seeds.
Research Status of Botanical Insecticide in Indonesia and Its Commercial Constraints
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Hidayah Nurul , Wijayanti Kristiana Sri , Sujak Sujak , Adi Sunarto Dwi , Yulianti Titiek , Subiyakto Subiyakto , Sari Marlina Puspita , Cahyaningrum Herma
Published: February 2024

This article aims to review the status of botanical insecticide and its commercialization constraints in Indonesia. The method used was by tracking botanical insecticide papers published from 1993 to 2019. The collected data consisted of the plant source of botanical insecticide; intensively studied insect pests; and the number of commercial botanical insecticides and their active ingredients. The results found that Annona muricata, Azadirachta indica, Nicotiana tabacum, Carica papaya, and Cymbopogon nardus were the most common plants used for botanical insecticide. The most studied insect pests were: Spodoptera litura, Crocidolomia pavonana, Plutella xylostella, Sitophilus oryzae, and Aedes aegypti. Methyl eugenol was the most common commercialized active ingredient followed by azadirachtin. Citronella and geraniol were used only as mixtures. The constraint of commercializing botanical insecticide was from the companies. They are not interested in developing botanical insecticides since the prospect is not certain and the registration fee is more expensive than that of synthetic ones.
Evaluation of Floating Net Cage (FNC) in Penerusan Bay, Bali Based on Their Plankton Community
Authors: Vidayanti Viky , Retnaningdyah Catur , Arisoesilaningsih Endang
Published: February 2024

Floating net cages (FNC) are one of the common methods to cultivate fish, in Indonesia, affecting the physicochemical and biological parameters. This study evaluated the water quality conditions in two different FNCs based on the physiochemical and biological parameters. There were four locations to be sampled: two FNC (snappers (KP) and groupers (KR)) and two control sites that were placed outside of FNC (Non-KP and Non-KR). Several water physicochemical parameters were measured, and the plankton community was identified. The observation showed the total suspended solid (TSS) (2.57–2.64 mg/L), pH (8.26–8.3), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (0.75–1.52 mg/L) and orthophosphate (P) (0.008–0.044 mg/L). Furthermore, in certain sites, some parameters did not meet the Indonesian Government Standard No. 22 in 2021, including nitrate concentration (KP, Non-KP, and KR), dissolved oxygen (KR and Non-KR), and P (KR and Non-KR). Meanwhile, the phytoand zooplankton diversity index (H') was 3.61-4.69 and 1.27-2.54, which confirmed that the level of diversity of phytoand zooplankton was high and moderate status. Four sites showed low phyto- and zooplankton dominance levels and were distributed evenly (E ≥ 0.81). This study concludes that based on water quality parameters, KP and KR did not meet the Indonesian Government Regulation in some parameters, but they had a stable ecosystem based on the phytoand zooplankton structure community.
Test of Land Potential Sensor Tools Based on Biomass on Measurements of Temperature, Moisture, and Soil pH and Their Relationship to the Biomass Values in Marginal Land
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar , Munawarah Munawarah , Hariono Tholib
Published: February 2024

This research aims to test the accuracy of biomass-based land potential sensor devices. The indicators tested were the results of measurements of growing environmental conditions including temperature, humidity and soil pH, as well as measurements of tree biomass. The analysis technique is carried out in 2 stages, namely the comparative measurement test stage and the biomass calculation application test in the field. The research results show that the average measurement of pH = 5.7493, humidity = 88.0616% and temperature = 27.016ºC is generally not significantly different at the 95% t-confidence interval from the average of the measurement results from the 3 comparison sensor devices. In the pH measurement test, the 3 comparison devices had the lowest MSE value and the lowest standard deviation was in the pH-1 device of 0.03346, the humidity test in the RH-1 device was 0.03 and the temperature in the Temp-1 device was 0.0142. This shows that the sensor device built has quite accurate and valid measurement values with a fairly low error rate. The results of the application of sensor devices to measure tree biomass values obtained an average value of 163.878 kg/ha with a standard deviation of ± 68.878 and provided a significant difference at the 0.001 level for the 11 villages measured, as well as the relationship between biomass values and the growing environment is not linear.
Secure-Tech Triad Enhancing Electronic Voting System Security through Integrated Blockchain, AI, and IoT Technologies
Authors: Jafar Uzma , Ab Aziz Mohd Juzaiddin , Shukur Zarina , Adnan Hussain Hafiz
Published: February 2024

As electronic voting systems become increasingly prevalent, the urgent need for robust security measures to combat evolving cyber threats has never been more critical. This paper introduces a ground-breaking architectural framework Secure-Tech Triad that synergistically combines Blockchain technology with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities to enhance the security and efficiency of electronic voting systems. This architectural framework utilizes a modified Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchain algorithm, a Random Forest ML model for real-time anomaly detection, and an MQTT protocol for IoT-based data collection to create a more secure, efficient, and responsive voting environment. Rigorous testing and evaluation show that the integrated framework significantly outperforms existing Blockchain-only solutions in key performance indicators, such as security breach detection rate, system latency, and cost efficiency. This integrated approach is the best-performing model, achieving a 97% security breach detection rate, a 30% reduction in system latency (down to 2.3 seconds), and a 25% decrease in operational costs. These results underscore the combined effectiveness of Blockchain, AI, and IoT in enhancing security, speed, and cost-effectiveness. Specifically, the Random Forest algorithm has been instrumental in achieving an exceptional security breach detection rate, while IoT data collection has played a pivotal role in enabling real-time anomaly detection and proactive threat mitigation.
Advancing Curve and Surface Images Modeling with Two-Parameters Polynomial-Based Quaternary Subdivision Schemes
Authors: Mustafa Rakib , Iqbal Muhammad Tahseen , Mustafa Ghulam , Abdul Karim Samsul Ariffin
Published: February 2024

In the context of this paper, we introduce a novel polynomial function that relies on two parameters. This polynomial enables the creation of a family of quaternary subdivision schemes for curve and surface modeling. One of these parameters is responsible for determining the specific member of the family while the other parameter provides the means to finely control the shape of the resulting curve or the regular surface images. This two-parameter approach adds significant versatility to the subdivision schemes to meet specific requirements and preferences. The exploration of various family members within this class of quaternary schemes is a focal point of our research. By adjusting the parameters, we investigate and delineate the distinctive characteristics of specific family members. This provides valuable insights into how these schemes can be harnessed to achieve various modeling goals. This insight empowers users to select the most suitable family members in accordance with their specific needs and design objectives.
Cocoa Diseases Classification using Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Sing Soh Ker , Gubin Moung Ervin , John Julius Danker Khoo , Dargham Jamal Ahmad , Farzamnia Ali
Published: February 2024

This work addresses the critical issue of cocoa plant diseases, which pose a significant threat to global agriculture and the livelihood of millions of farmers. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has been utilized for classifying cocoa diseases, focusing on combating the significant agricultural and economic impacts of black pod rot and pod borer. Utilizing a dataset of 4390 images, five CNN architectures—Custom CNN, VGG-16, EfficientNetB0, ResNet50, and LeNet-5—were assessed for their ability to accurately identify disease presence. The Custom CNN model was found to be the most effective, achieving an accuracy of 91.79%, precision of 91.79%, recall of 91.79%, F1 score of 82.08%, sensitivity of 96.69%, and specificity of 98.40%, indicating its strong capability in correctly classifying both healthy and diseased plants. The work methodically approached data preprocessing, model parameter tuning, and a structured machine learning evaluation process. While EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50 also displayed commendable performances, VGG-16 and LeNet-5 lagged, suggesting the need for further model refinement. This work underscores the importance of the F1 score in evaluating model performance, especially given the class imbalance within the dataset. The findings suggest future exploration into other pre-trained models and data augmentation strategies to further enhance classification accuracy. The goal of this work is the implementation of a realtime system to minimize cocoa production losses due to disease.
Denoising diffusion implicit model for bearing fault diagnosis under different working loads
Authors: Wong Toong Yang , Lim Meng Hee , Ngui Wai Keng , Salman Leong Mohd
Published: February 2024

Rotating machineries always operating under different loads and suffer from various types of bearing fault. Thus, bearing fault diagnosis is essential to prevent further loss or damage. Deep learning has been favoured over machine learning recently due to data explosion and its higher performance. In deep learning-based bearing fault diagnosis, vibration signals are usually transformed into images using time frequency analysis methods such as short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform, and Hilbert-Huang transform. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is widely used for fault classification method. However, the training dataset and testing dataset usually have different load domains due to different working conditions. Obtaining training data of wide range of loadings are impractical and exhausting. Thus, this study is proposed to solve load domain adaptation using denoising diffusion implicit model (DDIM). In this study, synthetic images are generated using DDIM model while only convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as fault classification model. The classification accuracy of testing dataset is obtained using CNN models trained with original training dataset and augmented training dataset. The results showed that the synthetic scalograms could improve the performance of CNN model by 3.3% under different load domains.
Assessment of the likely stochastic effects associated with the effective dose and renal dose delivered to patients during an abdominopelvic examination in a Moroccan imaging department
Authors: Benamar M. , Housni A. , Ouifaya F.Z. , Amazian K. , Essahlaoui A. , Labzour A.
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective dose and the renal dose delivered to patients during an abdominopelvic examinations, in order to estimate the likely stochastic effects and to judge the need for optimization of CT examination protocols. Data from 287 abdominopelvic examinations of adult patients referred to three Moroccan radiology departments were collected. The mean effective doses, mean renal doses, cancer and hereditary risks assessment were estimated using the weighting factors defined in ICRP 103. During the abdominopelvic CT exam, the effective dose received by the patient varies from 8.99 to 12.09 mSv with an average value of 10.29 mSv, and, the renal dose varies between 5.15 and 8.71 mSv with an average value of 7.56 mSv. The risk of induction of abdominopelvic and kidney cancer ranges from 49.44 to 66.49 and from 28.32 to 47.9 for 105 procedures, respectively. For the hereditary risk of abdominopelvic and renal exposure, it was in the range of 17.98 to 21.86 and 10.3 to 17.42 for 106 procedures, respectively. The results obtained show a wide variation in exposure doses during abdominopelvic CT scans from one hospital to another. Even so, the average effective dose and renal dose was generally lower than that recommended by the ICRP.
Seeking access. Applied ethnopoetic analysis
Authors: McAllister Áine
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses a poetic output of a research project at the intersection of linguistic ethnography (LE) and
poetic inquiry (PI) which explores the barriers experienced by refugee and asylum seekers, seeking access to Higher Education. The
research draws on Jan Blommaert’s applied ethnopoetics (AEP) work to reconstruct silenced voices (Blommaert, 2006). AEP as a ‘means of recognition’ of marginalised voices is explored. The paper goes on
to explore the transformative possibilities for knowledge production offered by combining AEP with PI. This innovative approach
and output are presented as act of resistance to normative expectations within academia which freeze conditions for voice (Blommaert, 2008). Questions are then offered to consider how we might advance the
approach and its emancipatory potential further.
Highly sensitive Borophene-metal-Si based multilayered Terahertz frequency spectrum based refractive index sensor
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H M , Sorathiya Vishal , Soni Umang , Ali Yahya Ali Abdelrahman , Alzahrani Ahmad
Published: February 2024

We presented the numerical investigation of a multilayered borophne-metal-Si-based refractive index sensor for the wide range of the THz frequency. The proposed structure is worked for the frequency range of 1 to 15 THz. The structure is formed to identify reflectance variation, resonating frequency and other physical parameters over the broad frequency spectrum. The overall structure is simulated using FEM (Finite element method) computational techniques with a periodic boundary condition-based two-port model. The resonance effect of the structure is also investigated for the different shapes of the top metal resonator structure, which significantly influences the overall frequency shift. The proposed structure is investigated for the X and Y polarized input incident condition for the entire frequency band where the oblique angle incident stability is observed up to 80°. The proposed structure offers the maximum variation in sensitivity up to 3.5 THz/RIU (∼ 11600 nm/RIU) for X-polarized and 5.5 THz/RIU (∼10600 nm/RIU) for Y-polarized incident wave conditions. We have applied the artificial neural network algorithm (ANN) to predict the overall behaviour of the structure from the data points generated in the simulated results. We used the Relu optimizer to train the model, generating promising results for our collected data. The machine learning model gives RMSE = 0.049422, MAE = 0.018531, MSE = 0.00328 and R2 = 0.93768 for the testing data set. Similarly, the model generated the minimum RMSE values = 0.045955, MAE = 0.017392, MSE = 0.00295, and R2 = 0.97673 for the training data set for 2500 epochs. The proposed results in the manuscript give the future scope to design borophene a wide range of refractive index (RI) sensor designs used in biosensors, gas sensors and other environment sensors where the refractive index range is between 1 and 2.4.
Mn2+ doped SrSn(PO4)2 nanopowder for new novel LED material
Authors: Suresh Y V K , Libnah K Josephus Alex , Aswini Ch , Vasu G , Chandrasekhar A V , Ravikumar R V S S N
Published: February 2024

In the current work, SrSn(PO4)2 with Mn2+ doped nanopowder was prepared by solid state reaction method at temperature 950 K. Mechanically, the equipped nanopowder was characterized by structural, spectral, optical, and luminescence investigations. Crystallite size, phase of the sample was explained by powdered XRD analysis. SEM and HR-TEM analyses provided information about the average particle size of nanopowder, while EDS analysis confirmed elemental composition. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern confirmed the sample crystalline nature by means of rings corresponding to its XRD planes. FTIR study was explained by fundamental symmetric and asymmetric modes of vibrations. Optical absorption spectrum exhibited the typical Mn2+ bands in visible region. EPR studies revealed the distorted octahedral site symmetry for Mn2+. PL spectrum showed less intense emission region. The evaluated CIE co-ordinate values indicate color precipitation and CCT value is greater than 5000k which reveals that the present Mn2+:STP is useful for warm light LED applications.
High-efficiency light manipulation using a single layer of folded graphene microribbons
Authors: Xue Han , Wang Weihua
Published: February 2024

Since its one-atom thickness, it remains an open question to enhance light–matter interactions in graphene, which is usually implemented through external resonant structures such as Fabry–Perot cavity. Here, we propose an alternative scheme to enhance light–matter interactions in a single layer of folded graphene microribbons (FGMRs), and remarkably, for normal incidences rather than oblique incidences in most studies. By optimizing structural parameters (e.g., the location of folding axis and folding angle), three light manipulations such as perfect absorption, perfect reflection, and perfect transmission can be achieved independently. More interestingly, any one of the three functionalities can be actively switched to the other via changing material parameters (Fermi level and carrier mobility ), which is actually the most attractive feature of graphene plasmonics. Finally, we show FGMRs can also support triple functionalities, i.e., via changing material parameters, one of the three functionalities can be switched to the second one and then the third one. Our results will be of great interest to fundamental physics and pave the way for graphene plasmonic device applications.
Comparison of different optical techniques to measure skin vibrations
Authors: Gille M , Rixen D J
Published: February 2024

We test different possible setups to measure skin vibrations in the abdominal region which could, in the future, enable quick and comfortable monitoring of aortic aneurysms in the abdominal region. For this study, a simple mechanical model is used that simulates the human tissue and a large blood vessel, the aorta. The model consists of a plastic box filled with a gelatin as used for ballistic experiments. A rubber hose goes straight through the gel block and, with a pump that is connected to the hose, one can create a pulsatile flow of water through the flexible hose leading to traveling waves along the artificial vessel. Surface vibrations on the gelatin block are then measured using a Laser-Doppler vibrometer (LDV), a commercial 3D DIC system and a simple camera setup with only one camera and an additional mirror for 3D capabilities. While the LDV offers the best signal quality, it can only measure one point simultaneously. We discuss implications how this will influence the possible data analyses compared to more noisy, but full-field measurements provided by the camera-based systems.