bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Trihybrid Approach for Enhancing Crude Oil Recovery Using Effervescent‐Tablet‐Based Nanofluids
Authors: Ali Naser , Bahzad Husain , Aljuwayhel Nawaf F. , Ebrahim Shikha A. , Hamoud Abbas T. , Al‐Mazidi Hussain , Al‐Naser Huda B. , Al‐Attar Mohammad A. , Kholosy Sohaib , Al‐Zanki Ayas , Banyan Mohammad , Alenezi Mumayaz
Published: December 2024

While nanofluids can contribute enormously to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the upstream sector, conventional nanofluids are produced using complex equipment and expertise, which is somewhat limiting. To address this issue, herein, the use of effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids for EOR is reported. Tablets are formed by mixing and consolidating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, surfactants, and effervescent agents. Both tablet‐based and conventional nanofluids are produced and then characterized for their thermal conductivities and dispersion stabilities. Thirteen recovery scenarios are investigated using a core flooding system, and include the use of single conventional fluids, steam and hot water cycles, steam with effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids, and steam with conventional nanofluids. Conventional or effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids are revealed to double the amount of extracted oil compared with other methods used in the recovery process. Tablet‐ and conventional‐nanofluid‐based recovery cycles provide 42.70% and 42.56% recovered oil, respectively, whereas conventional fluids and their cycles only extract 16.10% and 17.76%, respectively. The concentration and stability of the dispersed nanomaterial significantly affect the amount, properties, and composition of the recovered oil. Employing nanofluids composed of highly concentrated effervescent agents results in more short‐chain hydrocarbons, which indicates that effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids are promising for EOR use, particularly because no infrastructure modifications are required.
Soil organic carbon increase on conversion of native savanna to improved pasture in two regions of Colombia
Authors: Loaiza Sandra , Costa Ciniro , da Silva Mayesse A. , Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Rao Idupulapati , Arango Jacobo , Tapasco Jeimar , Hyman Glenn
Published: December 2024

Background

There is limited knowledge on how to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under tropical conditions. This study investigates SOC changes after converting land from native savanna (NS) to improved pasture (IP) land use.

Methods

Two acidic soil conversion sites were examined: (i) a poorly drained slope with medium‐texture soil (Casanare [CAS]1) and (ii) flat terrain with fine‐texture soil (CAS2). Another flat site was evaluated (Atlántico [ATL]), with fine‐textured to moderately textured neutral soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. SOC stocks (0–60 cm soil depth) were estimated, with a complex analysis of variance analyzing pasture type and soil depth.

Results

NS to IP conversion resulted in significant SOC accumulation in two regions, with losses in one (CAS2). ATL showed higher SOC accumulation than CAS. IP adoption led to SOC accumulation at depth (0–60 cm) after 10 years in CAS1. Elevated clay content in CAS2 favored SOC storage, while poorly drained areas hindered accumulation in CAS1. Cultivating rice before IP at CAS2 likely depleted SOC (0–20 cm), with 4 years of IP not restoring initial levels.

Conclusions

Adopting IP over NS can increase SOC. Grassland type, soil properties, and land‐use change all influence SOC accumulation. These data inform sustainable land management for low‐emission livestock production.
Supporting equitable cervical cancer elimination for Australia's culturally and linguistically diverse communities: A call for intersectoral action
Authors: Prokopovich Kathleen , Beard Frank , Buchanan Tanya , Stanoevska Biljana , Scott Caroline , Braunack‐Mayer Annette , Phillipson Lyn
Published: December 2024

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease and is related to persistent health equities. Whilst several priority populations face health inequities related to cervical cancer prevention, my co‐authors and I bring special attention to those who identify as culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD). By reflecting on some of our research and work experiences, we propose four ways that governments and policymakers can enact the community engagement goals of the published and proposed cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategies for CALD communities. This includes: (1) Developing a culturally appropriate approach to collecting and interpreting cultural, ethnic and linguistic data; (2) Building and adapting the effective multicultural community policies and partnerships developed during COVID‐19; (3) Incorporating national strategy recommendations across all relevant government policies and (4) Sustainably resourcing and supporting participatory health promotion activities and interventions. By implementing the recommendations above, Australia will continue to lead the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. It will demonstrate how genuine and authentic CALD partnerships and collaborations can reduce national CALD health inequities.
Association of 24‐h movement behaviors during Covid‐19 pandemic with spinal musculoskeletal disorders in undergraduate students: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Santos Gracielle de Jesus , Tebar William Rodrigues , Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da , Alves Eduardo da Silva , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Ohara David
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are an important health problem, and the Covid‐19 pandemic affected several lifestyle and health aspects worldwide, including moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep time, which compose the 24‐h movement guidelines (24‐hMG). It is unclear whether meeting 24‐hMG during pandemic have been associated with MSD in adult population and this study aimed to analyze the association of meeting 24‐hMG with spinal MSD in undergraduate students during Covid‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A sample of 71 undergraduate students were assessed (24.0 ± 6.6 years, 52% of women). MVPA was assessed by accelerometer, while daily time of SB and sleep were assessed by questionnaires. Spinal MSD was assessed by the Nordic questionnaire. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of meeting 24‐hMG (individually and combined) with MSD, independently of age, sex, and body mass index.

Results

Spinal MSD affected 78.9% of sample. Only 11.3% of sample fully met the 24‐hMG. Participants who did not meet both MVPA and SB guidelines were more likely to have MSD in low back (OR:3.45, p = 0.049) and spine (OR:3.78, p = 0.048) even after multiple adjustment. Otherwise, not meeting SB guideline was inversely associated with upper back MSD (OR:0.22, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Meeting 24‐hMG during Covid‐19 pandemic were differently associated with spinal MSD, where combination of MVPA and SB shows to be protective against MSD in low back and in spine. However, the determinants of association between meeting SB guideline and higher upper back MSD still needs to be investigated.
Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Methods to Solve Boundary‐Layer Natural Convection Problem for Various Prandtl Number Fluids
Authors: Kushawaha Durgesh , Yadav Sushil , Aggarwal Rajiv
Published: December 2024

Semianalytical approaches such as the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Variational Iteration Method (VIM), as well as the Numerical Method, are investigated in this study to solve the boundary‐layer natural convection problem for various Prandlt number fluids on a horizontal flat plate. Nonlinear partial differential expressions can be incorporated into the ordinary differential framework by applying appropriate transformations. The purpose of this study is to show how analytical solutions to heat transfer problems are more versatile and broadly applicable. The results of the analytical solutions are compared with numerical solutions, revealing a high level of approximation accuracy. The numerical findings clearly imply that the analytical techniques can produce accurate numerical solutions for nonlinear differential equations. We analyze the temperature distribution, velocity, and flow field under various conditions. The study found that temperature patterns, velocity distribution, and flow dynamics are all improved by raising the Prandtl numbers. As a result, the thickness of the boundary layer is significantly reduced, leading to an enhanced heat transfer rate at the moving surface. This reduction in boundary‐layer thickness contributes to a more efficient convection process. The study further highlights that the HPM and the VIM both offer highly accurate approximations for solving nonlinear differential equations related to boundary‐layer flow and heat transfer. Among these methods, HPM was found to provide a higher level of precision compared with VIM.
Magnetic Effect on Thermocapillary Flow of Silicon Melt in an Annulus
Authors: Bendjaghlouli Ali , Mahfoud Brahim , Mahfoud Hibet Errahmane
Published: December 2024

Thermocapillary convection plays a crucial role in various processes, including the formation of crystals from a molten state. Recent studies have established that the oscillatory flow of the molten material during crystal growth is a significant contributor to the formation of undesirable micro‐inhomogeneities. The oscillatory flow can cause uneven distribution of solute and impurities, leading to localized variations in crystal composition and structure. This article discusses the possibility of controlling bidirectional thermocapillary flow, which is one of the sources of inhomogeneity in produced crystals, using an external magnetic field. The model examined in this study is a shallow annulus filled with silicon melt. This research investigates the effects of the annular space and the magnetic field on the thermocapillary process. The mathematical model, formulated as partial differential equations, was solved using the finite‐volume method. The results show the formation of hydrothermal waves with different azimuthal modes (m = 6, 4, and 3) corresponding, respectively, to the annular space R = 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6. Stronger magnetic fields attenuate the instabilities and reduce the vertical temperature gradient, transforming the isotherms into concentric circles, thereby improving the homogeneity of the crystals.
The development of transfer technologies for advanced 2D circuits integration
Authors: Cai Zhenggang , Liu Liwei , Zhou Peng
Published: December 2024

In the light of the scaling limitations of conventional CMOS technology, two‐dimensional (2D) materials offer a transformative avenue for advancing Moore's law in the post‐Moore era. The technology for transferring 2D materials serves as a crucial link between their synthesis and device integration. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of advancements in the transfer technologies and integration of 2D materials, which are essential for next‐generation electronics. Firstly, state‐of‐the‐art methodologies for high‐quality, wafer‐scale transfer of 2D materials, including both wet and dry transfer methods are thoroughly reviewed. And the requirements for massive transfer of 2D materials compatible with silicon line while preserving their intrinsic properties are disscussed. Next, we focus on 2D integration techniques, paying special attention to the construction of van der Waals contacts at the 2D material/dielectric interface and 2D material/metal electrode interface. Finally, the potential for layer‐by‐layer or tier‐by‐tier transfer 2D devices for monolithic 3D integration was also discussed. This review concludes by highlighting the significant challenges that remain in leveraging the potential of 2D materials at the circuit and system levels, proposing forward‐looking development in transfer strategies.
Clinical Trial With a Depigmented, Polymerized Mite Mixture Extract at Maximum Concentrations
Authors: Vidal Carmen , Romero Laura , Lopez‐Freire Sara , Carballada‐Gonzalez Francisco , Garcia‐Robaina José Carlos , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Teresa , Mendez‐Brea Paula , Nieto Eva , Ruiz‐Garcia Mónica
Published: December 2024

Background

Efficacy of allergen immunotherapy is dose‐dependent; however, high doses of allergen may imply a greater risk of adverse reactions.

Objective

To assess the safety and tolerability of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with mixtures of mite allergen extracts, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Blomia tropicalis (Dpt/Bt) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Lepidoglyphus destructor (Dpt/Ld) at maximum concentrations, in adult patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis, and controlled allergic asthma due to a clinically relevant sensitisation to these mites.

Methods

An open‐label, noncontrolled, nonrandomised, phase IIb clinical trial was carried out in three hospitals in Spain between September 2014 and May 2018. Patients received SCIT of either Dpt/Bt (100/1000 DPP/mL) or Dpt/Ld (100/100 DPP/mL) in two phases: a rush build‐up phase on the first day (0.2 mL and 0.3 mL with a 30‐min interval) and a monthly maintenance phase administration (0.5 mL) up to 48 months.

Results

Forty patients were recruited for the study, seven allocated to the Dpt/Bt group and 33 to the Dpt/Ld. None experienced immediate or delayed systemic Grade ≥ 2 reactions (EAACI classification) (systemic reactions were mostly Grade 1) nor died during the study. Local reactions were mostly mild (0‒10 cm). Thirty‐nine patients (97.5%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE). Of the 283 reported AEs, eight (2.8%) were systemic reactions experienced by six (15%) subjects and 14 (4.9%) were local reactions sustained by ten (25%) subjects.

Conclusions

SCIT treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis and controlled asthma with mixtures of Dpt/Bt and Dpt/Ld allergen extracts at maximum concentrations showed a favourable safety profile.
Efficacy and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Hongqiong , He Wei , Xia Chunyu , Yang Zhu
Published: December 2024

Threatened miscarriage is defined as early vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestational age and can occur in any pregnancy regardless of maternal age, race, comorbidities, lifestyle, or socioeconomic status, and about one‐quarter of threatened miscarriages proceed to complete miscarriage. To assess the relative effectiveness and safety of different progestogens in women with first threatened miscarriage, using a network meta‐analysis. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness or safety of placebo or different progestogens for the treatment of threatened miscarriage were eligible for inclusion, including dydrogesterone (oral), progesterone (oral, vaginal, rectal), and 17‐α‐hydroxyprogesterone (intramuscular). A Bayesian network meta‐analysis with Markov chain Monte‐Carlo simulation was performed in this study. A pairwise meta‐analysis was carried out by synthesizing studies that compared the same interventions using a fixed‐effects model. The primary outcome was the percentage of miscarriage (defined as delivery before 24 weeks of gestation) and preterm birth (defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation), and the secondary outcomes were live birth rate, congenital abnormalities, neonatal outcomes (low birth weight <2500 g), and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. In total, 18 RCTs with six different interventions were included. Oral dydrogesterone can reduce the risk of miscarriage compared with both placebo (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.76) and vaginal progesterone (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.89) in women with first threatened miscarriage. In women with first threatened miscarriage, oral progesterone also reduced the risk of miscarriage compared with placebo (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.93). However, from the available evidence, there was no statistically significant difference between progestogens and placebo in preterm birth, congenital abnormality, and live birth rate. Oral dydrogesterone was safe and better at reducing miscarriage than vaginal progesterone and placebo for women with first threatened miscarriage, and better at reducing miscarriage compared with placebo for women with threatened miscarriage.
Microaneurysm Detection With Multiscale Attention and Trident RPN
Authors: Lin Jiawen , Liu Shilin , Mao Meiyan , Chen Susu
Published: December 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious and common complication of diabetes. Microaneurysm (MA) detection is of great importance for DR screening by providing the earliest indicator of presence of DR. Extremely small size of MAs, low color contrast in fundus images, and the interference from blood vessels and other lesions with similar characteristics make MA detection still challenging. In this paper, a novel two‐stage MA detector with multiscale attention and trident Region proposal network (RPN) is proposed. A scale selection pyramid network based on the attention mechanism is established to improve detection performance on the small objects by reducing the gradient inconsistency between low and high level features. Meanwhile, a trident RPN with three‐branch parallel feature enhance head is designed to promote more distinguishing learning, further reducing the misrecognition. The proposed method is validated on IDRiD, e‐ophtha, and ROC datasets with the average scores of 0.516, 0.646, and 0.245, respectively, achieving the best or nearly optimal performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐arts. Besides, the proposed MA detector illustrates a more balanced performance on the three datasets, showing strong generalization.
Meaning‐based, code‐based, and vocabulary‐based instruction in middle and high school classrooms: The case for attention to all three
Authors: Krishnan Jenell , Friedrich Linda , Sailors Misty , Cole Menya , Howlett Heather
Published: December 2024

This commentary explores the nuanced approaches to literacy instruction in middle and high school classrooms, emphasizing the integration of skilled and strategic reading. The commentary underscores the distinction between skilled readers' effortless navigation through familiar texts and the conscious employment of reading strategies when faced with complex texts. It draws attention to components of instruction within English Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies by drawing illustrative examples from three teachers' classrooms. These examples illustrate how meaning‐, vocabulary‐, and code‐based approaches overlap and can be integrated in a multifaceted approach to literacy instruction, which is sensitive to disciplinary demands and student diversity. An integrated approach is essential for equipping adolescents with the sociocognitive tools necessary for academic and lifelong literacy. Instructional recommendations are provided.
CBFβ Regulates RUNX3 ADP‐Ribosylation to Mediate Homologous Recombination Repair
Authors: Samsa William E. , Zhang Zhen , Gong Zihua
Published: December 2024

RUNX3 is a master developmental transcriptional factor that has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the exact role of RUNX3 in cancer pathogenesis remains to be completely elucidated. Recently, it has emerged that RUNX3 is involved in the DNA damage response. Here, we demonstrate that heterodimerization of RUNX3 with CBFβ is necessary for its stability by protecting RUNX3 from RUNX3 ADP‐ribosylation‐dependent ubiquitination and degradation. We further identify new amino acid residues that are targets for PARylation and demonstrate that RUNX3 PARylation at these residues is necessary for localization of RUNX3 to DNA double strand break sites (DBSs). We also demonstrate that both RUNX3 PARylation and CBFβ heterodimerization with RUNX3 positively regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair, in part by promoting the recruitment of CtIP and phospho‐RPA2 to the DBSs to mediate HR repair. In summary, we provide evidence that RUNX3 regulates HR repair activity in a PARylation‐dependent manner.
Benefit of using an assistive listening device in a hospital setting
Authors: Merrifield Marissa , Brangman Sharon A. , Pacioles Toni , Doherty Karen A.
Published: December 2024

High levels of noise in hospital settings can make communication difficult, especially for older adults. Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) are personal amplifiers that can improve hearing in background noise. This study investigated the impact of providing ALDs to hospitalized patients 60 years of age and older without using hearing screenings to determine eligibility. Results indicated that 96% of the patients reported that ALD was easy to use and 88% found it helpful. The ALD was used to communicate with family, hospital staff, and physicians. This suggests ALDs can be distributed to patients 60 years and older without any hearing screenings.
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reinfections in Young Thai Children, 2016–2023
Authors: Pasittungkul Siripat , Thongpan Ilada , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Chuchaona Watchaporn , Khongwichit Sarawut , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: December 2024

Although a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is now available for pregnant women and the elderly, RSV remains a significant cause of respiratory illness in children globally. Reinfections by the same or different RSV subgroups in children residing in the tropics are currently under‐studied. Therefore, we examined the patterns of RSV infection and reinfection in Thai children aged ≤ 5 years with respiratory symptoms from 2016 to 2023. Screening of 7710 pediatric respiratory specimens identified 1245 RSV‐positive samples (16.1%), mostly from the rainy months (July–November). Interestingly, 74 children experienced two infections, and 6 had three infections. Reinfection by different RSV subgroups occurred in 30 children: 21 were initially infected with RSV‐B and later with RSV‐A, while 9 had the reverse pattern. Reinfections only by either RSV‐A or RSV‐B were observed in 22 and 2 children, respectively, with one child infected with RSV‐A three times. All RSV‐A reinfections belonged to the ON1 genotype, while RSV‐B reinfections were BA9. Notably, reinfections across different seasons were observed within homologous pairs. These findings suggest a transitory immunity to natural RSV infection and provide the knowledge that may help optimize pediatric vaccination schedule. Ongoing epidemiological data on RSV are essential in monitoring genotype circulation and vaccine effectiveness.
Addressing Breast Cancer Disparities: A Comprehensive Approach to Health Equity
Authors: Arrey Eliel N. , GoPaul Darren , Anderson David , Okoli Joel , McKenzie‐Johnson Tamra
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the persistent disparities in breast cancer outcomes across different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. The disparities are rooted in various factors, including access to care, socioeconomic status, and cultural barriers. The article emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, such as expanding insurance coverage, mobile mammography units, and culturally tailored outreach programs to promote health equity. Achieving this requires comprehensive strategies addressing systemic and social determinants of health.
Rapid and Sustained Improvement of Lichen Planus Pemphigoides With the JAK1 Inhibitor Upadacitinib
Authors: Gueissaz Louise , Wolf Ronald , Schlapbach Christoph
Published: December 2024

Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder characteris ed by lichenoid plaques and blister formation. Current treatments are often ineffective, and there is a lack of standardised guidelines. The disease's pathogenesis involves both T‐cell‐mediated lichenoid dermatitis and autoantibody formation, presenting treatment challenges, especially in refractory cases. While previous therapies have focused on immunosuppressive agents, many patients fail to achieve sustained remission. Here, we report a case of LPP successfully treated with the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor upadacitinib. The patient, a 56‐year‐old female with pruritic lichenoid lesions and blisters, experienced rapid symptom resolution following treatment. Notably, pruritus subsided within days, and both skin lesions and anti‐BP180 antibody levels improved substantially within 1 month. Remarkably, the patient remained nearly symptom‐free for 6 months posttreatment. This case demonstrates that JAK1 inhibition can offer rapid and sustained clinical improvement in LPP, with the potential for disease modification. These findings suggest that early, targeted intervention with JAK inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic avenue for autoimmune skin diseases, particularly those resistant to traditional treatments.
Coastal Wetlands of Indus River Delta Are Under Risk Due to Reclamation: A Spatiotemporal Analysis During the Past 50 Years From 1972 to 2022
Authors: Laghari Yaseen , Bai Shibiao , Leghari Shah Jahan , Wei Wenjing , Laghari Abdul Hafeez
Published: December 2024

Coastal wetlands are the most productive and biologically diverse ecosystems, benefiting both human populations and the total environment. However, they are continuously threatened by anthropogenic activities. Indus River Delta is the sixth largest in the world, has been adversely affected due to reclamation. The study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of coastal wetlands and reclamation in the Indus River Delta from 1972 to 2022. Wetlands conversion to reclamation was extracted from 6‐Landsat images. A land cover transfer matrix was used to analyze land use land cover (LULC) changes in different time intervals. Area‐weight centroid was constructed to determine the migration trend of reclamation and coastal wetlands. Spatial accurateness was assessed using Producer's Accuracy (PA), User Accuracy (UA) and KAPPA coefficient (KC). The results reveal that from 1972 to 2022, the net area of wetlands declined by 1.9% (26.1 km2), while reclamation (settlement and cultivated land) increased by 14.7% (200.1 km2), and 27.5% (373.5 km2), respectively. The fastest areal change rate for coastal wetlands was −1.1 km2/year from 2012 to 2022, whereas the fastest areal change rate for settlement and cultivated land were 7.6 km2/year from 1992 to 2002 and 28.6 km2/year from 2012 to 2022. Centroids of wetlands moved slowly eastwards from Kharo Chan taluka to Keti Bandar in the first and third decades, then southwards in the second decade, later on, westwards in the fourth decade, and finally back southwards from Keti Bandar taluka to the Kharo Chan in the fifth decade with fastest movement. Centroids of settlement expanded in all directions over five decades. Centroids of cultivated land migrated westwards in the first, third and fourth decades, northwards in the second decade and southwards in the fifth decade from Keti Bandar to Kharo Chan. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for sustainable land development and future planning.
Assessing Carbon Sequestration Potential of Check Dams in the Helong Region of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Cao Huaxin , Liu Jiayu , Zheng Xinjuan , She Dongli
Published: December 2024

Check dams are widely recognized as highly efficacious engineering interventions for preventing soil erosion, and they have been extensively promoted and employed worldwide. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive research on the carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of check dams, impeding our understanding of carbon fate in sedimentary regions of terrestrial systems. The goal of this study is to evaluate the carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of check dams within the Helong Region (HLR), utilizing measured data from subcatchments and collected key dam data. The results indicated that the horizontal distribution characteristics of organic carbon (OC) in the seven subcatchments within the Yanhe catchment exhibited a gradually increasing trend from upstream to downstream. The vertical distribution of OC content can be categorized into three patterns: initial decrease followed by fluctuation, initial decrease followed by fluctuating increase, and sudden increase followed by stability. The variation range of OC stored in the dam land was 1.47–598.21 Mg, and there existed a strong quadratic relationship between OC storage and the dam land area. The HLR encompasses a total of 3703 key dams, with a combined storage capacity of 39.89 × 108 m3 and controlling an area of 17951.6 km2. As of 2011, the sediment load and OC buried in key dams within the HLR were estimated to be 24.98 × 108 t and 6385.98 Gg, respectively. Assuming complete filling of all key dams, the estimated carbon sequestration potential of the key dams amounted to 6869.41 Gg. The research findings can provide a theoretical foundation for comprehending carbon redistribution and carbon sequestration in the erosion–deposition environment of terrestrial systems.
Photon counting CT versus energy‐integrating CT: A comparative evaluation of advances in image resolution, noise, and dose efficiency
Authors: Heismann Björn , Kreisler Björn , Fasbender Robert
Published: December 2024

Background

Photon counting computed tomography (PCCT) employs direct and spectrally resolved counting of individual x‐ray quanta, enhancing image quality compared to the standard energy‐integrating CT (EICT).

Purpose

To evaluate the quantitative improvements in CT image quality metrics by comparing the first medical PCCT with a state‐of‐the‐art EICT.

Methods

The PCCT versus EICT noise improvement ratio R was derived from the quantum statistics of the measurement process and measured across the clinical x‐ray flux range for both systems. Detector and system modulation transfer functions (MTFs) were obtained using tilted‐slit and wire phantom measurements. Image root mean square (RMS) noise, noise power spectrum (NPS), and x‐ray patient dose were compared using a CatPhan phantom at two identical clinical target resolutions.

Results

The measurement of the PCCT noise improvement ratio R showed an elimination of electronic noise and a 10% noise transfer advantage. The PCCT detector MTF exhibited 3x higher angular resolution limits in comparison to EICT and close to ideal sinc behavior due to the electromagnetic formation of pixels in the PCCT semiconductor detector. This translated to 3.5x enhancements in CT system MTF ratios at 10 LP/cm, reflecting a significant improvement in millimeter range CT imaging. Both the improved quantum detection and the system MTF ratio improvement contribute to the measured 3x enhancements in image NPS at 10 LP/cm for identical image target resolution. An improvement of up to 1.7x in RMS image noise was observed accordingly. For low and ultra‐low dose imaging with image filtering, dose efficiency increased between 2x and 10x, demonstrating the PCCT's capability to advance CT ultra‐low dose imaging.

Conclusion

The direct counting detection in PCCT has been shown to significantly improve sinogram noise and detector MTF ratios compared to energy integrating EICT. The observed translations into CT system MTF, image NPS, image noise, and dose ratios reflect a paradigm shift for CT image quality and dose efficiency.
A Dynamic Three‐Field Finite Element Model for Wave Propagation in Linear Elastic Porous Media
Authors: Campos Bruna , Gracie Robert
Published: December 2024

A three‐field finite element (FE) model for dynamic porous media considering the de la Cruz and Spanos (dCS) theory is presented. Due to fluid viscous dissipation terms, wave propagation in the dCS theory yields an additional rotational wave compared to Biot (BT) theory. In addition, introducing porosity as a dynamic variable in the dCS model allows solid‐fluid nonreciprocal interactions. Due to the volume‐averaging technique, the dCS model further accounts for a macroscopic shear modulus and adds a new macroscopic constant. The porous media governing equations are formulated in terms of solid displacement, fluid pressure, and fluid displacement. Space and time convergence rates for the FE dCS model are demonstrated in a one‐dimensional case. A dimensionless analysis performed in the dCS framework led to negligible differences between BT and dCS models except when assuming high fluid viscosity. Domains with small characteristic lengths resulted in BT and dCS damping terms in the same order of magnitude. One‐ and two‐dimensional examples showed that dCS nonreciprocal interactions and the macroscopic shear modulus are responsible for modifying wave patterns. A two‐dimensional injection well simulation with water and slickwater showed higher wave attenuation for the latter. High frequencies in dCS model were noticed to yield more significant changes in wave patterns. The numerical results highlight the contributions of the dCS porous media model and its importance in simulations of laboratory scale experiments, ultrasonic frequencies, and highly viscous fluids.
Can the Bladder Itself “Measure” Volume, and Thereby Help to Determine When Initiation of Voiding Should Occur? ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Van Koeveringe Gommert , McCloskey Karen D. , Kanai Anthony J. , de Rijk Mathijs M. , Tyagi Pradeep , Speich John E. , Fry Christopher H. , Wein Alan J.
Published: December 2024

Aims

To answer the question of whether the bladder itself can to any extent control or modulate the initiation of voiding.

Methods

This subject was discussed at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2024 conference in Bristol, UK in a proposal session.

Results

Cells in the bladder wall sense the local environment via a diverse array of ion channels and receptors which together provide input to motor‐sensory and signal transduction mechanisms. A purinergic signal transduction system provides a high‐gain mucosal chemosensitive transduction pathway between bladder wall stretch during filling and graded afferent activation. Recent studies established cross‐species similarities in the regulation of urine storage which include the upregulation of aquaporin (water) channels during bladder filling/wall stretch, in the bladder. In addition to the endocrine hypothalamus/pituitary axis production, urothelial production of arginine vasopressin acts on urothelial vasopressin receptors in a paracrine manner causing aquaporin channel upregulation, reducing the bladder volume and delaying sensation of fullness. Bladder shape influences the sensory systems involved in the perception of bladder volume; moreover irregular bladder shapes may correlate with overactive bladder.

Conclusions

Volume measuring and signaling threshold‐determining mechanisms in the bladder along with shape and permeability act to influence the timing and type of signaling to the CNS; although this is not always followed by a consecutive action. The hierarchical grading of the signals originating from the bladder among other peripheral bodily or central signals are crucial factors that determine whether the bladder is “allowed” to initiate voiding.
Macromolecule Modelling for Improved Metabolite Quantification Using Short Echo Time Brain 1H‐MRS at 3 T and 7 T: The PRaMM Model
Authors: Dell'Orco Andrea , Riemann Layla Tabea , Ellison Stephen L. R. , Aydin Semiha , Göschel Laura , Ittermann Bernd , Tietze Anna , Scheel Michael , Fillmer Ariane
Published: December 2024

To improve reliability of metabolite quantification at both, 3 T and 7 T, we propose a novel parametrized macromolecules quantification model (PRaMM) for brain 1H MRS, in which the ratios of macromolecule peak intensities are used as soft constraints. Full‐ and metabolite‐nulled spectra were acquired in three different brain regions with different ratios of grey and white matter from six healthy volunteers, at both 3 T and 7 T. Metabolite‐nulled spectra were used to identify highly correlated macromolecular signal contributions and estimate the ratios of their intensities. These ratios were then used as soft constraints in the proposed PRaMM model for quantification of full spectra. The PRaMM model was validated by comparison with a single‐component macromolecule model and a macromolecule subtraction technique. Moreover, the influence of the PRaMM model on the repeatability and reproducibility compared with those other methods was investigated. The developed PRaMM model performed better than the two other approaches in all three investigated brain regions. Several estimates of metabolite concentration and their Cramér–Rao lower bounds were affected by the PRaMM model reproducibility, and repeatability of the achieved concentrations were tested by evaluating the method on a second repeated acquisitions dataset. Although the observed effects on both metrics were not significant, the fit quality metrics were improved for the PRaMM method (p ≤ 0.0001). Minimally detectable changes are in the range 0.5–1.9 mM, and the percentage coefficients of variations are lower than 10% for almost all the clinically relevant metabolites. Furthermore, potential overparameterization was ruled out. Here, the PRaMM model, a method for an improved quantification of metabolites, was developed, and a method to investigate the role of the MM background and its individual components from a clinical perspective is proposed.
An Efficient Workflow Scheduling Using Genetically Modified Golden Jackal Optimization With Recurrent Autoencoder in Cloud Computing
Authors: Tripathi Saurav , Tripathi Sarsij
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a novel workflow scheduling framework is proposed using genetically modified golden jackal optimization (GM‐GJO) with recurrent autoencoder. An integrated autoencoder and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (iAE‐BiGRU) are used to forecast the number of virtual machines (VMs) needed to manage the system's present workload. The following step involves assigning the tasks of several workflows to cloud VMs through the use of the GM‐GJO method for multiworkflow scheduling. GM‐GJO provides optimal workflow scheduling by considering minimal maximizing utilization rate, minimizing makespan, and minimizing the number of deadline missed workflows. The proposed approach attempts to allocate the best possible set of resources for the workflows based on objectives such as deadline, cost, and quality of service (QoS). Extensive experiments were conducted with the CloudSIM tool, and the performance is evaluated in terms of scheduling length ratio, cost, QoS, etc. The execution time of 513.45 ms is achieved with a Sipht workflow of 30 tasks. When comparing the suggested strategy to the current methodologies, the suggested approach performs better.
An Electro‐Elastic Coupling Model for Piezoelectric Composites Based on the Voronoi Cell Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Huan , Yang Nan , Guo Ran
Published: December 2024

The Voronoi cell finite element method (VCFEM) has successfully characterized the linear elastic behavior of the composites. This study is dedicated to develop an electro‐elastic coupling VCFEM model mimicking the fully‐coupled electro‐elastic behavior of piezoelectric composites. For fiber‐reinforced piezoelectric composites considering interfacial cracks, the interface traction reciprocity, the interface charge density reciprocity on bonded interfaces and the interface traction‐free, the interface charge density‐free on debonded interfaces are comprised in the new assumed stress and electric displacement hybrid variational functional. The new variational functional is derived on the base of the element multifield energy functionals. Independent stress/electric displacement fields are respectively assumed within the two‐phase material domain. Several numerical examples considering perfectly‐bonded interface and partially cracked interface were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method by comparing the piezoelectric Voronoi element model results with those obtained by ABAQUS. Then this model is used to study the effect of several microscopic details, such as the property ratio of fiber to matrix, volume fraction, interfacial crack length and polarization direction on macroscopic equivalent physical and mechanical properties, as well as local stress/electric displacement fields. It is clear that the proposed model is suitable for analyzing piezoelectric composites containing many microstructures with bonded interface or debonded interface.
Contemporary treatment patterns of overweight and obesity: insights from the Mass General Brigham health care system
Authors: Ostrominski John W. , Wagholikar Kavishwar B. , Olsson Kelly , Unlu Ozan , Zelle David , Kumar Sanjay , Smith Austen M. , Toliver Joshua C. , Michalak Wojciech , Fabricatore Anthony , Hartaigh Bríain Ó. , Baer Heather J. , Cannon Christopher P. , Apovian Caroline M. , Fisher Naomi D. L. , Plutzky Jorge , Scirica Benjamin M. , Blood Alexander J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, obesity‐related conditions (ORCs), and antiobesity medication (AOM) eligibility and prescribing practice among eligible patients in a large health care system.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional analysis of the multicenter Mass General Brigham health care system (Boston, Massachusetts) spanning 2018 to 2022, adults eligible for AOMs (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or BMI 27–29.9 kg/m2 with ≥1 ORC) were identified. Among those AOM‐eligible, the prevalence of prescriptions for AOMs approved for long‐term weight management was evaluated.

Results

Of 2,469,474 adults (mean [SD], age 53 [19] years; 57% female; BMI 28.1 [6.3] kg/m2), a total of 1,110,251 (45.0%) were eligible for AOMs. Of these, 69.4% (31.2% of overall cohort) had BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. AOM prescription was observed in 15,214 (1.4%) of all eligible patients, with female sex, younger age, higher BMI, commercial insurance, and greater ORC burden associated with higher prevalence of AOM prescriptions. Musculoskeletal disorders (54%) were the most common ORCs, with ≥2 ORCs observed in 62% of patients. Liraglutide 3.0 mg and semaglutide 2.4 mg were the most frequently prescribed AOMs (58% and 34% of all AOMs, respectively).

Conclusions

Although nearly one‐half of all patients in a large health care system were AOM‐eligible by guidelines and regulatory labeling, only 1% of those who were eligible were prescribed AOMs.
An Innovative Filtration Approach With Triboelectric and Bimodal PA6/PVDF Nanofibrous Air Filters via the Electro‐Blowing Method
Authors: Toptas Ali , Calisir Mehmet D. , Kilic Ali
Published: December 2024

Fibers with electrostatic capture properties and bimodal structures, combining fibers of different diameters, offer innovative filtration approaches with low‐pressure drop and high efficiency. In this study, PA6 and dielectric PVDF nanofibrous mats, positioned differently in the triboelectric series, are produced via the electro‐blowing technique. To identify the most effective factors influencing filter performance, four groups are prepared: unimodal single‐layer filters, group X (fibers with the same diameters but different polymers for triboelectric effect), group Y (fibers with different diameters and polymers for bimodal + triboelectric effects), and group Z (fibers with only different diameters for only bimodal effect). The unimodal PVDF mats show 100% higher surface potential and the highest filtration efficiency (99.233%) among single‐layered samples. Multi‐layered samples perform better, with the four‐layered bimodal PA6/PVDF showing the greatest efficiency improvement due to both bimodal structure and triboelectric effect. After corona charging, sample Y3's filtration efficiency increases from 99.886% to 99.997%, with minimal change in pressure drop. After one month and IPA treatment, it retains a surface potential of −0.26 kV and 99.829% efficiency. The higher surface potential of group Y confirms the triboelectric effect, while its superior performance highlights the advantages of bimodal and electret effects.

Trial Registration: Not applicable, as this study does not involve a clinical trial.
Triptolide Promotes Ferroptosis in Cervical Cancer Cell via NRF2/xCT/GPX4
Authors: Feng Miaomiao , Wu Haiwang , Zhu Ling , Gao Jie , Deng Gaopi
Published: December 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) is a serious risk to women's health; it is necessary to explore less toxic and more effective therapies to cure CC. Triptolide (Tri) is the principal active constituent found in “Tripterygium Wilford,” has been shown to have antitumor effects. This study set up to demonstrate whether Tri is capable of inducing ferroptosis in CC cells and its potential mechanism. In vitro, Tri was used to treat CC cells, and lipid peroxidation levels in CC cells were detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other experiments; the molecular mechanism of Tri treatment of CC was explored by western blot; moreover, the regulatory effects of Tri on the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis were verified by overexpressing NRF2 in reverse. In vivo, CC cells tumor‐bearing mice were constructed to observe the effect of Tri treatment on tumor growth. In vitro, we have demonstrated that Tri prevents the growth and migration of CC cells. Further investigation revealed that Tri substantially enhances ferroptosis in CC cells by increasing lipid peroxidation accumulation. Mechanically, Tri significantly reduced the expression of NRF2, leading to a corresponding repression of the NRF2 downstream targets GPX4 and xCT. Moreover, overexpressing of NRF2 effectively reversed the impact of Tri on ferroptosis in CC cells. Additionally, animal experiments indicted that Tri markedly inhibited tumor size in nude mice by inhibiting the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis. Tri exerts antitumor effects by triggering ferroptosis in CC cells through the NRF2/GPX4/xCT axis.
Colorectal Robotic‐Assisted Surgery in Children. Long‐Term Outcomes and Pitfalls
Authors: Delgado‐Miguel Carlos , Reparaz Laura , Clarkson Wright , Desai Karina , Camps Juan I.
Published: December 2024

Background

Colorectal surgical procedures may benefit from a minimally invasive approach in children, although there are few studies.

Methods

A retrospective, single‐centre observational study was conducted on paediatric patients who underwent colorectal robotic‐assisted surgery between 2011 and 2022.

Results

A total of 50 patients (33 male; 17 female) were included, with a median age of 4.8 years (IQR:2.5–6.3 years). The main indication was robotic Soave pull‐through for Hirschsprung's disease in 21 cases. No conversions or intraoperative complications were reported. Operative time varied depending on the procedure, with a median of 183 min (IQR:151–224 min). Median hospital stay was 4 days (IQR:3–5 days). Four postoperative complications were observed, two of them Clavien‐Dindo IIIb (one colo‐anal partial dehiscence and one anastomotic leak after megasigmoid resection). Regarding long‐term follow‐up (median 7.6 years; IQR:4.8–10.6 years), 4 patients (8%) required surgical reintervention.

Conclusion

Colorectal robotic‐assisted surgery encompasses several procedures with low complication rates and satisfactory long‐term outcomes.
Impact of Obesity on Perioperative Outcomes in Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Propensity Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Shyr Bor‐Uei , Shyr Bor‐Shiuan , Chen Shih‐Chin , Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Yi‐Ming
Published: December 2024

Background

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of obesity on the perioperative outcomes in robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD), rarely documented.

Methods

A total of 886 patients undergoing RPD or open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) were enroled. These patients were categorised into the obese RPD, non‐obese RPD and obese OPD groups.

Results

Operation time was longer in obese RPD compared with non‐obese RPD and obese OPD (median: 9.5 vs. 7.5 and 8.0 h). Blood loss was lower in both RPD groups than in the obese OPD group (median: 200 and 120 vs. 500 c.c.). Surgical mortality and morbidity were comparable between these three groups. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurred less frequently in both RPD groups than obese OPD (7.5% and 4.4% vs. 19.1%).

Conclusions

Obesity does not exert a negative impact on the perioperative outcomes in RPD, except for longer operation times. RPD has emerged as a safe and viable surgical approach for obese patients.