bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O bioma Cerrado no contexto do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Rocha Aline Cristine Ferreira Felipe , Pereira Fernando Marcello Nunes , Pinheiro José Arthur Carolino , Siqueira Ana Paula Silva
Published: October 2024

Introdução: Dada a importância ambiental, social e econômica do Cerrado, é crucial integrá-lo nas discussões sobre alimentação adequada e saudável, especialmente em regiões onde esse bioma desempenha um papel significativo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as práticas e conhecimentos relacionados à alimentação e ao Cerrado por parte de nutricionistas e agricultores familiares vinculados ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar na Região da Estrada de Ferro, no estado de Goiás. Métodos: Este estudo assume a forma de uma pesquisa observacional, analítica e transversal, baseado na metodologia do Arco da Problematização de Charles Maguerez, utilizando questionários on-line como ferramenta de coleta de dados. Resultados: Os nutricionistas participantes do estudo tendem a ter uma visão predominantemente reducionista do Cerrado, enquanto os agricultores apresentam uma visão mais utilitarista do bioma. Essas perspectivas impactam no reconhecimento, cultivo e utilização dos recursos naturais disponíveis no âmbito do PNAE. Conclusão: Apesar do reconhecimento dos frutos nativos do Cerrado, esses não são efetivamente incorporados na prática, seja na realidade da merenda escolar ou no cultivo dos agricultores familiares da região.
Alterações nas políticas públicas de apoio à Agricultura Familiar e promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Barrios Weruska Davi Barrios , Arid Bruna Delgado , Rosas Adriana Naomi Teruya , Richter Marc François , Pires Patrícia Fernanda Ferreira , Slater Betzabeth
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A disponibilidade de alimentos e os impactos ambientais da produção correlacionam-se em sistemas alimentares, os quais são a base para a promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) e garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA). Objetivos: Caracterizar as políticas públicas de apoio à Agricultura Familiar (AF), e identificar alterações ocorridas nos últimos anos, principalmente devido à pandemia, correlacionando com os impactos para a promoção da SAN. Métodos: Pesquisa documental realizada entre 2019 e 2023 em relação aos programas públicos Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que, a partir da caracterização das políticas públicas de apoio à AF, o PRONAF não sofreu quaisquer alterações nos últimos anos; o PNAE atualizou-se a partir de uma legislação e uma resolução; e o PAA obteve duas medidas provisórias, dois decretos e uma legislação. Tais modificações ocorreram como resposta aos impactos da mudança presidencial e à pandemia COVID-19, no Brasil, as quais refletiram na promoção da SAN da população.
Impact of Botrytis cinerea on γ-Nonalactone concentration: analysis of New Zealand white wines using SIDA-SPE-GC-MS
Authors: Miller Gillean , Barker David , Pilkington Lisa , Deed Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Noble rot, caused by infection of grapes with the fungus Botrytis cinerea, is commonly used in the production of dessert-style white wines, imparting desirable aroma descriptors, including dried fruit, honey, and stone fruit. γ-Nonalactone is an aroma compound that is ubiquitous in wine yet has been overlooked in literature for some time. Previously, this compound has been found in higher concentrations in noble rot wines. New Zealand (NZ) is world-renowned for its high-quality white wines, particularly Sauvignon blanc; however, limited research has been carried out on the aroma features of wines produced in lower volumes, such as botrytised dessert styles, and those produced from aromatic grape varieties such as Riesling. Therefore, this work quantified γ-Nonalactone concentrations in 38 NZ commercial white wines, representing botrytised (18) and non-botrytised (20) styles, using SIDA-SPE-GC-MS. These wines were selected to represent a cross-section of NZ white wines, made from Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, and Sauvignon-Sémillon blends, and derived across a range of vintages (2014–2021), and NZ wine regions (Central Otago, Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Marlborough, Waiheke Island, Waipara Valley, and Wairarapa). Multivariate data analyses were carried out using vitivinicultural data from wine producers, wine, and measured technical parameters and γ-Nonalactone concentrations. Analyses revealed that γ-Nonalactone concentration was significantly higher in botrytised wines (p-value = 3 × 10-8), with a maximum of 43.5 µg L-1, compared to a maximum of 8.7 µg L-1 in the non-botrytised samples. No significant associations were found between γ-Nonalactone concentration and region or grape variety, suggesting that the precursors to γ-Nonalactone are produced by B. cinerea itself, or through alterations in grape metabolism induced by B. cinerea. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which noble rot leads to higher γ-Nonalactone concentrations in wines.
C8Mab-21: A Novel Anti-human CCR8 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry
Authors: Yamamoto Haruto , Kaneko Yu , Tanaka Tomohiro , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Li Guanjie , Kaneko Mika K , Kato Yukinari
Published: October 2024

C-C motif chemokine receptor-8 (CCR8) belongs to class A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). CCR8 interacts with the specific chemokine ligand CCL1/I-309 in humans, which is produced by various cells, including tumor-associated macrophages and regulatory T cells (Treg). CCR8 is highly expressed on Treg and T-helper 2 (TH2) cells recruited to the inflammation site and is implicated in allergy, asthma, and cancer progression. The CCR8+Treg has been suggested to be an important regulator in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME); therefore, it has been desired to develop sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CCR8. This study developed a specific mAb for human CCR8 (hCCR8), which is useful for flow cytometry by employing the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. The established anti-hCCR8 mAb, C8Mab-21, (mouse IgM, kappa) reacted with hCCR8-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/hCCR8) cells, TALL-1 (acute T lymphoblastic leukemia), CCRF-HSB2 (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia), and natural killer cells, which express endogenous hCCR8 by flow cytometry. Furthermore, C8Mab-21 demonstrated a moderate binding affinity for CHO/hCCR8 and TALL-1 with a dissociation constant of 6.5×10-8 M and 2.0×10-8 M, respectively. C8Mab-21, which was established by the CBIS method, could be a useful tool for analyzing the hCCR8-related biological response using flow cytometry.
Fluorescein Antiseptic Solution Efficacy Assessment for Full-Thickness Skin Graft Management, in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pallara Tiziano , Loria Francesco Saverio , Odak Lodovico , Calabrese Lorenzo , Sperati Francesca , Tedesco Marinella , Bonadies Antonio , Parisi Paola , Govoni Elena Rita , Migliano Emilia
Published: October 2024

The management of skin cancer presents challenges in reconstructive surgery to achieve the best patient outcome and rapid wound healing. The most used antiseptic in pre and post operative care is Povidone Iodine solution. However, valid antiseptic alternatives should be considered. The primary endpoint of our study was to achieve the best healing in patients receiving fluorescein solution versus two comparator arms (Eosin and Povidone-Iodine).182 patients were enrolled and divided into three randomized groups according to the type of antiseptic solution received: Fluorescein (n = 63), Eosin (n= 60), and Povidone-Iodine (n = 59). To assess the endpoint of our study the ASEPSIS score was used to objectively evaluate graft healing. Results of the ASEPSIS score for each group were analyzed. The comparison demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups regarding the endpoint of our study, thus between fluorescein and povidone-iodine (p = 0.89), eosin and fluorescein (p = 0.54), and eosin and povidone-iodine (p = 0.81). Patients responded positively to the use of the Fluorescein antiseptic solution, although no more than the others. This study suggests that this type of antiseptic can be successfully used in skin graft management.
“Quantum Jumps” as Bifurcations in Non-Linear Soliton-Type Models
Authors: Mielke Eckehard W.
Published: October 2024

Non-linear superposition of solitons provide almost linear branches as well as ``quantum jumps" to stable particle-like cores. Can the quest for possible non--linearity of quantum mechanics and the ``collapse paradox" of the wave function in (non-)linear quantum mechanics be resolved by transitions between different quasi-linear branches of the corresponding Whitney surface?
Evaluating Wireless Network Technologies (3G, 4G, 5G) and Their Infrastructure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Skosana Siyabonga , Mlambo Sibusiso , Madiope Thabang , Thango Bonginkosi
Published: October 2024

Wireless network technologies, including 3G, 4G, and 5G, are transforming telecommunications infrastructure globally. However, the adoption and effectiveness of these technologies vary significantly across regions and industries, posing unique challenges and opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Understanding the critical factors influencing network deployment and optimization in different contexts is essential for telecom companies and business leaders. This systematic review aims to evaluate the infrastructure, performance, and strategic implications of wireless network technologies (3G, 4G, and 5G) across multiple industries and geographic regions, providing insights for SMEs and telecom companies on adopting these technologies to enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness. A comprehensive search of academic databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, was conducted using keywords such as “wireless network,” “3G,” “4G,” “5G,” “evaluation,” and “infrastructure.” Studies were selected based on pre-established eligibility criteria, and a risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical synthesis and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify key trends and challenges. A total of 121 studies were included, with the majority focusing on 5G technology (42%) and its infrastructure. Key findings highlight the importance of network densification, high-speed connectivity, and low-latency applications, particularly in urban regions. The analysis also revealed significant regional disparities in infrastructure deployment, with developing countries facing challenges in expanding coverage and integrating advanced technologies. Industry-specific customization of wireless networks is essential for sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. Wireless network technologies present vast opportunities for SMEs, but their successful implementation requires addressing regional infrastructure gaps and tailoring solutions to industry-specific needs. Telecom companies must prioritize strategic investments in network densification, scalability, and security to fully leverage the benefits of 5G. The findings of this review provide actionable insights for business leaders and policymakers aiming to optimize wireless technology deployments for enhanced performance and competitiveness.
Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Commensal and Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Pigs in Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Siddi Giuliana , Piras Francesca , Meloni Maria Pina , Migoni Mattia , Gymoese Pernille , Fredriksson-Ahomaa Maria , De Santis Enrico Pietro Luigi , Scarano Christian
Published: October 2024

This study investigated commensal and pathogenic E. coli from pigs at farms and slaughterhouses in Sardinia, focusing on genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Samples were collected from six fattening pig farms (A-F) and five slaughterhouses (S1-S5). In the farms, environmental fecal sampling from the fattening pigs’ pens was carried out and information regarding farm management and biosecurity measures were collected. Pigs that had been in the sampled pens were selected for sampling at the slaughterhouse. Mesenteric lymph nodes, colon content and carcass surface samples were collected at the five slaughterhouse (S1-S5), in a total of 38 samples form 152 animals. At the slaughterhouses, also environmental samples were collected from food-contact surfaces and non-food-contact surfaces (36 samples overall). E. coli was detected in all farms, 97% of pigs, and 100% of slaughterhouses. Whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were per-formed on 96 isolates, revealing 13.5% pathogenic isolates, including ExPEC, ETEC, STEC-ETEC hy-brids, and UPEC. A total of 40 sequence types (STs) were identified, with ST10 being the most com-mon. High-risk clones (ST88, ST101, ST410, and ST648) were also detected. Over half of the isolates (52.1%) carried at least one AMR gene, with 42.7% harboring multiple AMR genes, particularly tet (37.5%) and blaTEM (32.3%). High phenotypic resistance was observed for tetracycline, ampicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The study highlights the widespread presence of pathogenic E. coli in pigs, even in isolated environments, and emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance due to the significant AMR found in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates.
Unraveling the Impact of Salt and Alkali Stress on Forage Yield and Nutritional Value: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kassaw Hunegnaw Abebe , Tu Yan
Published: October 2024

This review examines the nutritional value of forages grown in saline and alkaline soil, aiding in the formulation of optimal feed for ruminant animals. Coastal soil deterioration due to increasing salinity and alkalinity poses challenges to forage production, impacting plant height and biomass. Salinity's effect on forage crops varies, with some exhibiting increased protein content and improved quality, while others suffer decreased growth and yield. Further research is needed to understand salinity tolerance mechanisms and develop strategies for salt-affected areas. Salt-affected forages exhibit a higher leaf-to-stem ratio, increased shoot nitrogen and crude protein contents, and ADF and NDF contents decreased, making them valuable for livestock nutrition. Consequently, there is a growing agricultural strategy to cultivate naturally salt-tolerant forage species in saline and arid environments. In conclusion, considering the nutritional value and biomass yield of forages in saline-alkali land is crucial for livestock production. By utilizing salt-tolerant forage crops and implementing effective management practices, the challenges posed by high salt levels in the soil can be overcome, ensuring a reliable feed source for livestock in these areas.
Analysis of the Impact of Carbon Footprint on Economic Growth in Azerbaijan
Authors: Suleymanov Elchin , Kazimov Shaig , Alirzayev Elvin
Published: October 2024

The increasing energy consumption and industrial activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have become one of the most serious environmental issues of today. This article discusses the current status in Azerbaijan regarding the development of effective approaches to reduce carbon emissions and ensure sustainable development, and it proposes relevant strategies for managing the carbon footprint. By exploring the interrelationship between the economy and the environment, it aims to contribute to the formation of more effective policies for managing CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. According to the results of the econometric model established within the research for the period of 1990-2023, as the Azerbaijan economy grows, per capita CO2 emissions tend to increase, which can be linked to rising industrial activity, energy consumption, and other factors driving economic growth. The presence of a positive long-term relationship between population growth and per capita CO2 emissions can be attributed to higher overall energy consumption, increased demand for goods and services, and rising transportation needs. The strong correlation between economic growth and CO2 emissions suggests that it may be too early to assert the validity of the Kuznets curve for Azerbaijan economy as a developing country.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Promotes Reproductive Function and Cognitive Activity in Aged Male Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Liu Chin-Yu , Tsai Tsung-Yu , Liu Te-Hua , Chang Ting-Chia , Chen Yi-Wen , Tsao Chih-Wei
Published: October 2024

The effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 (LP1008) on age-related cognitive impairment and skeletal muscle atrophy have been reported previously. However, its role in obesity- and age-related hypogonadism has yet to be explored. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of low- and high-dose LP1008 in a high-fat diet-fed male mouse model. Mice were fed a standard diet or 45% high-fat diet for 28 weeks, and the high-fat diet-fed mice were divided into vehicle, low-dose or high-dose LP1008 groups on the basis of the treatment administered for an additional 8 weeks. We found that LP1008 suppressed the increase in total cholesterol levels and liver function parameters and alleviated histological changes in the brain, cecum, gastrocnemius, and testes. In terms of reproductive function, LP1008 attenuated the decreases in sperm quality, sperm maturity, testosterone levels, and levels of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. Furthermore, LP1008 altered impairments in spatial learning and memory and induced slight alterations in the gut microbiota. Moreover, LP1008 exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in aged, obese male mice. LP1008 reversed diet-induced obesity, age-related reproductive dysfunction, and pathological damage by increasing testosterone levels and altering the gut microbiome through the regulation of mediators involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
Proto-Cognitive Bases of Agency
Authors: Rodriguez Vergara Fernando , Husbands Phil
Published: October 2024

Autonomous systems are permanently in an ongoing interaction with the environment that surrounds them. Agency, in this sense, is often conceived as a system-environment asymmetry, where the system is able to influence the environment more than viceversa.
Autonomous systems, however, are closed under information, meaning that they can only specify their own states by means of intelligent processes (unless we consider cognitive processes of higher order), even if they can influence and be influenced by physical processes outside of their mechanistic distinctions.
Agency then, computationally speaking, should be understood as the causal effect that the system by means of its intelligent process can exert over itself, as in opposition to the environment.
Being thus, we argue that a first measure of causality should capture the possibility of the system to withstand the effect of the environment over its future states, that is, to measure and compare the influence of the environment and the system, over the the system.
We suggest that specific kind of mappings (represented as probability distributions) can increase the degree of underdetermination that can be quantified through information metrics (in particular, using entropy measure and the Earth Mover's Distance for comparisons) in the discrete case.
After revising relevant related concepts, we introduce some mathematical formulations in the attempt to capture more formally the notion of underdetermination in autonomous systems.
Finally, we exemplify these ideas and formulations through a toy-experiment in the the Game of Life cellular automaton.
Construction of General Types of Fuzzy Implications Produced by Comparing Different T-Conorms: An Application Case Using Meteorological Data
Authors: Daniilidou Athina , Konguetsof Avrilia , Papadopoulos Basil
Published: October 2024

This research work is an extension of a previous work in which the authors created an innovative family of fuzzy implication using as t-conorm probor, as fuzzy negation the 1-x and the type of Newton's binomial. The purpose of this paper is to compare the type of fuzzy implication probor with three other constructed fuzzy implications produced by max, Einstein and Lukasiewicz t-conorms maintaining in each case the same negation. T-conorms perform the fuzzy logical operation "or" of the corresponding fuzzy sets. The main methods used for the comparisons are the basic axioms of fuzzy logic. The authors performed six combinations of t-conorm comparisons, in order to find the rank order of the five fuzzy implications. Although the general type of fuzzy implication probor came out smaller than Hamacher, Einstein and Lukasiewicz and the type of Einstein smaller than Lukasiewicz authors make extensive tests using four different membership functions and different values to the parameter m so as to examine which out of the four fuzzy implications receive the best results. The application of isosceles trapezium to the fuzzy implications probor and Einstein give the best values (most values greater than or equal to 0.9 and equal to 1).
Bibliometric And Visualization Analysis of Essential Thrombocythemia Research Published Worldwide from 2001 to 2024
Authors: Pan Yiming , Chen Lingyan , Jiang Qun , Chen Dejian , Wu Yanqin , Hou Li , Lang Haiyan , Yan Jun
Published: October 2024

Keywords: Essential Thrombocythemia; Bibliometric Analysis; CiteSpace; Collaboration Networks; Global Research Trends
Material Flow Analysis of the Wood-Based Value Chains in a Rapidly Changing Bioeconomy: A Literature Review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tayyab , Pettenella Davide , Masiero Mauro
Published: October 2024

Material Flow Analysis (MFA) is a key tool in the circular bioeconomy, providing insight into the flow of materials within a system. Its use in the wood-based value chain is increasingly recognized and provides valuable information for policy making. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article presents recent applications, challenges and research gaps related to MFA methodologies that are crucial for describing the expanding circular wood-based bioeconomy. Different MFA models and their methodologies are described and classified according to their scale and scope. The discourse on future research directions highlights the need to critically examine new material flows associated with bioeconomy development, including hidden by-product streams and end-use wood product recycling, as well as the role of regulators. The results of this study provide advice on data collection methods and the implementation of MFA models, offering valuable information for future research in the sector.
On the Location and Accessibility of Active Acid Sites in MFI Zeolites Modified by Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Tonutti Lucas Gabriel , Vergara Lourdes , Querini Carlos Alberto , Dalla Costa Bruno Oscar
Published: October 2024

An MFI zeolite (Si/Al = 40) was desilicated by alkaline treatment in order to generate mesopores. Temperature, alkali concentration and treatment duration were adjusted to maximize mesoporosity while preserving the zeolite structure. Special attention was paid to the characterization of the strength and accessibility of the acid sites. The catalysts were tested in the isobutane/butene alkylation, a reaction typically catalyzed by zeolites but limited by coke deposition. Additionally, glycerol esterification with acetic acid was used as test reaction, due to the requirement of large pores to take part. The results confirmed that mesopores were successfully generated in the MFI zeolite, and the diffusion through the solid was enhanced, but the active sites remained mainly confined in the micropores.
On the Uniform Projection and Covering Problems in Descriptive Set Theory Under the Axiom of Constructibility
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Lyubetsky Vassily
Published: October 2024

The following two consequences of the axiom of constructibility V = L are established for every n ≥ 3:

1. Every linear $\bf\Sigma^1_n$ set is the projection of a uniform planar $\bf\Pi^1_{n-1}$ set.

2. There is a planar $\bf\Pi^1_{n-1}$ set with countable cross-sections, not covered by a union of countably many uniform $\bf\Sigma^1_n$ sets.

If n = 2 then claims 1,2 hold in ZFC alone, without the assumption of V = L.
Environmental Suitability Predictions for the Distribution and Potential Cultivation of Artemisia afra
Authors: Mofokeng Motiki Meshack , Weepener Harold , Araya Hintsa , Amoo Stephen O , Araya Nadia Alcina , Hlophe-Ginindza Samkelisiwe , Du Plooy Christian
Published: October 2024

Cultivation is advocated as a solution for sustainable exploitation of medicinal plants. Understanding environmental factors influencing plant species distribution will eliminate the introduction of medicinal plants indiscriminately to inappropriate cultivation regions. The study investigated environmental conditions for the distribution of Artemisia afra and mapped out potential areas for its cultivation in South Africa. Soil samples were collected in the Free State Province in South Africa for analysis. To identify suitable environmental conditions for the natural distribution of A. afra, the South African National Botanical Institute database and physically collected Global Positioning System points were used in maximum entropy model. Monthly long-term average interpolated weather surfaces were used to estimate the effect of climate change on future climate suitability for A. afra distribution. Sixty-one percent of soil samples from different A. afra populations were clay loam soils with slightly acidic to neutral pH. The carbon source utilization, Shannon Weaver Index, and species richness were positively correlated to one group of fourteen soil samples, and species evenness was positively correlated to the second group, consisting of four samples. Climate change will only affect the distribution of A. afra in the very long term. The current study provides critical information for identifying suitable cultivation areas for A. afra, while supporting conservation efforts from an ecological point.
Identifying Infant Body Position from Inertial Sensors with Machine Learning: Which Parameters Matter?
Authors: Duda-Goławska Joanna , Rogowski Aleksander , Laudańska Zuzanna , Żygierewicz Jarosław , Tomalski Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Efficient classification of body position is crucial for monitoring infants’ motor development. It may fast-track the early detection of developmental issues related not only to the acquisition of motor milestones but also to postural stability and movement patterns. In turn, this may facilitate and enhance opportunities for early intervention that are crucial for promoting healthy growth and development. Manual classification of human body position based on video recordings is labour-intensive, leading to the adoption of Inertial Motion Unit (IMU) sensors. IMUs measure acceleration, angular velocity, and magnetic field intensity, enabling automated classification of body position. Many research teams are currently employing supervised machine learning classifiers that utilise hand-crafted features for data segment classification. In this study, we used a longitudinal dataset of IMU recordings made in the lab in three different play activities of infants aged 4-12 months. The classification was conducted based on manually annotated video recordings. We found superior performance of the CatBoost Classifier over the Random Forest Classifier in the task of classifying five positions based on IMU sensor data from infants, yielding excellent classification accuracy of Supine (97.7%), Sitting (93.5%) and Prone (89.9%) position. Moreover, using data ablation experiments and analysing the SHAP values, the study assessed the importance of various groups of features from both time and frequency domains. The results highlight that both accelerometer and magnetometer data, especially their statistical characteristics, are critical contributors to improving the accuracy of body position classification.
Smart Insole-Based Plantar Pressure Analysis for Healthy and Diabetic Feet Classification: A Comparative Study of Statistic-Based and Machine Learning-Based Approaches
Authors: Agrawal Dipak Kumar , Jongpinit Watcharin , Pojprapai Soodkhet , Usaha Wipawee , Wattanapan Pattra , Tangkanjanavelukul Pornthep , Vitoonpong Timporn
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is a significant global health issue impacting millions. Approximately 26 million diabetics experience foot ulcers, with 20% leading to amputations, resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and costs. Plantar pressure screening shows potential for the early detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs). Although foot ulcers often occur due to excessive pressure on the soles during dynamic activities, most studies focus on static pressure measurements. This study’s primary objective is to apply wireless plantar pressure sensor-embedded insoles to classify and detect diabetic feet from healthy ones based on dynamic plantar pressure. The secondary objective is to compare statistical-based and Machine Learning (ML) classification methods. Data from 150 subjects were collected using the insoles during walking, revealing that diabetic feet have higher plantar pressure than healthy feet, consistent with prior research. The Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) ML model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.85, outperforming the statistical method, which had an accuracy of 0.67. These findings suggest that ML models, combined with pressure sensor-embedded insoles, can effectively classify healthy and diabetic feet using plantar pressure features. Future research will focus on using these insoles with ML to classify various stages of diabetic neuropathy, aiming for early prediction of foot ulcers in home settings.
Combining Fluconazole with Benzo[a]phenoxazine Derivatives as a Promising Strategy Against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Species
Authors: Pacheco Maria Inês , Guimarães Bárbara , Pereira-Silva Patrícia , Costa-Barbosa Augusto , T. Gonçalves M. Sameiro , Sousa Maria João , Sampaio Paula
Published: October 2024

The rise of non-albicans Candida species, exhibiting unpredictable antifungal resistance, complicates treatment and contributes to the growing threat of invasive, life-threatening infections. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives (C34, C35, A42, and A44) against 14 Candida strains following EUCAST standards. Fluconazole interactions were analysed through fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) calculation and response surface analysis, based on the Bliss model. Macrophage-like J774A.1 cells were used to assess Candida killing in the presence of synergistic compounds. The MIC values against the different strains varied, with C34 showing the strongest activity, followed by C35, while A42 had the highest MIC values, indicating lower efficacy. However, A42 demonstrated the best synergy with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida strains. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the chloropropyl group present in C35 and A42 enhanced cytocompatibility. Co-culture with macrophages showed significant yeast killing for C. albicans and C. auris when fluconazole and A42 were combined, requiring concentration 4- and 16 times lower than their MIC values, enhancing antifungal activity. Given fluconazole's fungistatic nature and the emergence of drug-resistant strains, benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives' ability to enhance fluconazole's efficacy presents a promising strategy to address antifungal resistance in critical pathogens. These findings align with global research priorities, offering new potential avenues for developing more effective antifungal therapies.
State-of-Health Estimation Based on a Partial Discharge Method for Electric Vehicle Battery Management System into MIL Environment
Authors: Camargo-Trigueros Eugenio , Visairo-Cruz Nancy , Núñez-Gutiérrez Ciro-Alberto , Segundo-Ramírez Juan
Published: October 2024

Accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of batteries for automotive applications, particularly in electric vehicle battery management systems (EV-BMS), is still under study and is highly relevant to ensure battery system availability. This paper proposes a comprehensive SOH estimation method that goes beyond the methods that are based on the estimation of the battery available capacity by the integral of the current, or the estimation of the increase of the internal resistance of the battery. The SOH estimator is based on a partial capacity discharge method and a linear state of charge (SOC) observer based on an equivalent electrical circuit model. This method uses readily available manufacturer data and is designed for real-time applications. The proposed method was tested and validated with three different automotive battery technologies in a Model-In-Loop (MIL) environment with OPAL-RT platform, utilizing voltage and current measurements of pulsed discharge current profiles at temperature-controlled conditions and an electric vehicle’s driving profile.
Investigation of the Origin of Elevated Amounts of Iron and Manganese in a Dam Reservoir
Authors: Michalopoulou Maria , Depountis Nikolaos , Zagana Eleni , Avramidis Pavlos
Published: October 2024

In the outskirts of the Pinios dam reservoir (Ilia Regional Unit, Greece) a freshwater refinery serves the water supply needs of the surrounding Municipalities, in which high concentrations of Fe and Mn, before treatment, have been observed. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanism of increased iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels in the reservoir of the Pinios dam, which impacts its freshwater refinery's operation. A comprehensive hydrochemical and sedimentological analysis was conducted over a hydrological year, focusing on the spatial and temporal distribution of Fe and Mn in both water and sediment samples across the established research monitoring stations. Sediment samples from the reservoir's bottom revealed predominantly fine-grained material, rich in total organic carbon, with elevated Mn and Fe oxide levels. Significant seasonal variations in Fe and Mn levels were also discovered, with higher Mn levels observed in the anoxic bottom waters of the reservoir during the dry season, attributed to the reduced conditions favoring Mn oxide dissolution over Fe. Conversely, during the wet season, a homogenization of metal concentrations throughout the water column was observed due to increased oxygenation and freshwater inflow. These outcomes were confirmed by the hydrochemical analysis, indicating that the redox conditions, pH, temperature, as well as the presence of organic matter significantly influence the mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the reservoir. The findings of this study clarify that the high concentration of Fe and Mn can be linked to the mineral composition of the upstream Neogene and flysch formations in the study area. As these formations are affected by geological weathering, they tend to enrich the streams, through soil erosion and runoff processes, in metals like Fe and Mn, which are eventually transported into the dam reservoir. This study highlights the critical role of geological, sedimentological and hydrological factors in shaping the hydrochemistry of dam reservoirs, providing essential insights for water resource management and environmental conservation strategies.
Privacy-Enhanced Sentiment Analysis in Mental Health: Federated Learning with Data Obfuscation and BERT
Authors: Ahsan Shakil Ibne , Djenouri Djamel , Haider Rakibul
Published: October 2024

Accurate sentiment prediction on digital platforms while ensuring user anonymity and privacy presents substantial challenges. Predominantly, existing methodologies are centralized, impeding the achievement of both robust analysis with strong privacy protections and model accuracy. This paper investigates federated learning (FL), augmented with a novel Data Obfuscation (DO) technique and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), to develop a new framework addressing this issue. The proposed framework enables continuous supervision of mental states by autonomously learning from aggregated global data on federated servers. The use of the emotion data set for prediction demonstrated a considerable improvement in accuracy (82.74%), precision (83.30%) and recall (82.74%) and F-1 score (82.80%) over baseline results of precision (16.73%), precision (23.29%), recall (16.73%) and F-1 score (18.18%). In addition, two privacy attack scenarios were executed to evaluate system resilience. Membership Inference Attacks, which determine whether a specific data point was part of the training set, and Linkage Attacks, which attempt to associate data samples with a specific client. However, the system preserves its privacy guarantees despite these adversities. The proposed approach skillfully balances privacy and accuracy, establishing a foundation for scalable and secure mental health support systems. This research exemplifies a model for leveraging FL and Data Obfuscation to enhance both the privacy and effectiveness of predictive analytics in critical applications, offering transformative advantages for digital platforms by enabling deep emotional analysis of users while safeguarding their privacy.
“In the Language of Mathematics”: On Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Foundations
Authors: Plotnitsky Arkady
Published: October 2024

The argument of this article is threefold. First, the article argues that, from its rise in the sixteenth century to our own time, the advancement of modern physics, as mathematical-experimental science, has been defined by the invention of new mathematical structures. Secondly, the article argues that quantum theory, specifically with quantum mechanics, gave this thesis a radically new meaning by virtue of the following two features: one the one hand, quantum phenomena themselves are defined by purely physical features, as essentially different from all previous physics; and on the other, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory are defined by purely mathematical postulates, which connect them to quantum phenomena strictly in terms of probabilities, without representing or otherwise relating to how these phenomena physically come about. While these two features may appear discordant, if not inconsistent, I argue that they are in accord with each other, at least in certain interpretations (including the one adopted here), designated as “reality without realism,” RWR, interpretations. This argument allows this article to offer a new perspective on a thorny problem of the relationships between continuity and discontinuity in quantum physics. In particular, rather than being concern only with the discreteness and continuity of quantum objects or phenomena, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory relate their continuous mathematics to the irreducibly discrete quantum phenomena, in terms of probabilistic predictions, while, at least in RWR interpretations, precluding a representation or even conception of how these phenomena come about. This subject is rarely, if ever discussed, apart from previous work by the present author. It will, however, be given a new dimension in this article which introduces, as one of its main contributions, a new principle: the mathematical complexity principle.
Structural Consequences of Antibody Light Chain N Glycosylation in AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Morgan Gareth J , Yung Zach , Spencer Brian H , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Prokaeva Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Antibody light chains form amyloid fibrils that lead to progressive tissue damage in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis. The properties of each patient’s unique light chain appear to determine its propensity to form amyloid. One factor is N-glycosylation, which is more frequent in amyloid-associated light chains than in light chains from the normal immune repertoire. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Here, we investigate the frequency and position within the light chain sequence of the N-glycosylation sequence motif, or sequon. Monoclonal light chains from AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma were identified from the AL-Base repository. Polyclonal light chains were obtained from the Observed Antibody Space resource. Sequons are enriched among AL-associated light chains derived from a subset of precursor germline genes. Sequons are observed at multiple positions, which differ between the two types of light chains, κ and λ, but are similar between light chains from AL amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. Positions of sequons map to residues with surface-exposed sidechains that are compatible with the folded structures of light chains. Sequons within κ light chains are predominantly observed in framework region 3. Sequons within λ light chains are mainly located in complementarity determining region 3, at residues near the interfaces with light or heavy chain partners in homodimeric free light chains or antibodies, respectively. We suggest that N-glycosylation of λ light chains may lead to decreased stability of protein complexes, thus promoting unfolding that can lead to aggregation. Within the known structures of λ AL amyloid fibrils, many residues where sequons are observed are buried, inconsistent with N-glycosylation. Overall, there is no clear structural rationale for why N-glycosylation of κ light chains is associated with amyloidosis. Better understanding of the roles of N-glycosylation in AL amyloidosis is required before it can be used as a marker for disease risk.
Connexins and Aging-Associated Respiratory Disorders: The Role in Intercellular Communications
Authors: Zubareva Tatiana , Mironova Ekaterina , Panfilova Anna , Krylova Yulia , Mazzoccoli Gianluigi , Marasco Maria Greta Pia , Kvetnoy Igor , Yablonsky Peter
Published: October 2024

This article reviews the contemporary understanding of the functional role of connexins in intercellular communications, their involvement in maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis, and in aging-associated respiratory disease pathogenesis. Connexins are discussed as potential therapeutic targets. The review particularly focuses on the involvement of gap junctions connexins and hemichannels in the transfer of calcium ions, metabolite molecules, ATP and mitochondria through the cell membrane. Various disorders in the regulation of intercellular communication can heavily contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including respiratory system diseases. A deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of various connexins in gap junction channels will enable the prospective development of therapeutic approaches using either inhibiting or stimulating the activities of a certain connexin, considering its critical functions in intercellular communications on the whole.
Phytochemical Characterization, Bioactive Properties, and Acute Toxicity of Wild Vitex agnus-castus L. methanolic extracts
Authors: Mejri Radhia , Al Rashidi Reyadh R , Hasni Yosra , Laouani Aicha , Chelly Syrine , ELFEKIH Hamza , Ben Rejeb Oumayma , Kouira Mouna , SAAD Ghada , Zaïri Amira
Published: October 2024

Vitex agnus-castus L.(VAC) belonging to the Verbenaceae family is a Mediterranean plant which is widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antiviral and cytotoxic potential of methanolic VAC fruits extracts. Quantitative analyses of the different constituents of extracts were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Spectrophotometric methods and chemical tests were used for phytochemical characterization and antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic study was evaluated using epidermoid carcinoma Hep-2 cells, while the antiviral assessment against clinical isolates of coxsackievirus B3 (CBV-3) was determined by using a HEp cell survival assay. VAC extracts presented several components and minerals The results of HPLC-DAD indicated the presence 7 of phenolic compounds with a remarkable abondance of chlorogenic and coumaric acids as polyphenols compounds. The data also showed that VAC extracts had an important antioxidant effect (IC50=0.061 mg/mL) with a reduced cytotoxicity (CC50= 213 µg/ml), and these effects are displayed in a dose-dependent manner. However, all the tested extracts are inactive against CBV-3. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of therapeutic activities.
Immunoinformatics Approach to Develop a Novel Chimeric L1/L2 mRNA-based Vaccine against a Broad Spectrum of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Species
Authors: Nshimiyimana Sylvere , Kimotho James , Ngugi Caroline Wangari
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are primarily related to cervical cancer around the world. This study presented an in silico design of a chimeric L1/L2 mRNA-based vaccine candidate against a diverse spectrum of human papillomaviruses; (2) Methods: We employed a computational strategy to predict and screen for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and conservation of immunodominant cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and linear B-cell epitopes from the most conserved HPV L1 and L2 proteins. The selected epitope peptides were coupled together with appropriate linkers to create a multi-epitope chimeric peptides. The mRNA-based vaccine was developed by combining an optimized open reading frame with co-translation regulation and co-transcription components; (3) Results: Twenty five (25) non-toxic, non-allergenic, highly antigenic, and conserved epitopes were identified. The final vaccine had a molecular weight of 60161.29 kDa, a theoretical pI of 9.44, and a solubility of 0.451. The mRNA-based vaccine had a stable mRNA structure with a minimum free energy of -731.10 kcal/mol and an estimated molecular weight of 644.98 kDa. The suggested vaccine had no cross-affinity for the human genome and achieved a global population coverage rate of 86.24%. The vaccine demonstrated a stable docking complex and robust interactions with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with binding affinities of -1377.5 kcal/mol and was capable of stimulating immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, T and B cells lymphocytes, and cytokines by in silico simulation; (4) Conclusion: The vaccine is considered a preventive and therapeutic candidate; however, further in vitro and in vivo tests are needed to prove its safety and efficacy.