bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal Arteriovenous Malformation Assessment Using Swept-Source OCT Angiography
Authors: Chawla Rohan , Pujari Amar , Mittal Kanhaiya , Rakheja Vaishali , Markan Ashish
Published: March 2018

Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) is a promising new imaging modality for assessing retinal and choroidal vasculature. Faster scanning speed, large number of A-scan acquisition, and enhanced depth penetration has enhanced the detailed analysis of retinal layers. The authors discuss SS-OCTA features of a rare case of retinal arteriovenous malformation. Image analysis revealed the anomalous large-caliber vessels occupying up to the entire retinal thickness with associated echolucent changes in the inner retinal layers surrounding the retinal vessels, along with disruption of the outer retinal layers, including the inner/outer segments of photoreceptors beneath the large tortuous vessels outside the foveola in absence of any capillary nonperfusion areas or lack of significant macular edema. At the fovea, the outer retinal layers were intact due to a smaller caliber and less-deep extension of the anomalous vessels.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:216–219.]
Cinética de la disolución de ulexita calcinada en soluciones de sulfato de amonio
Authors: Demirkıran Nizamettin , Kayra Tanaydin Mehmet , Deniz Turhan Özdemir G.
Published: March 2018

La ulexita es uno de los minerales de boro, que incluye una cantidad considerable de agua de hidratación. Se puede usar como materia prima en la producción de compuestos de boro. Una parte del agua existente en la composición química de la ulexita puede eliminarse de la matriz sólida aplicando tratamiento de deshidratación que permite obtener una estructura porosa, que aumenta la velocidad de reacción. En el presente trabajo, se estudió el efecto de la temperatura de deshidratación sobre la cinética de disolución de ulexita en soluciones de sulfato de amonio, en un reactor discontinuo estudiando los parámetros de concentración de solución, relación sólido/líquido, velocidad de agitación y la temperatura de reacción. Se determinó que la velocidad de disolución del material calcinado aumentaba al aumentar la concentración de la solución y la temperatura de reacción y con la disminución de la relación de sólido/líquido. La velocidad de disolución más alta se alcanzó con la muestra calcinada a 150 °C. Se encontró que la velocidad de disolución se ajusta al modelo pseudohomogéneo de primer orden. La energía de activación del proceso de disolución se estimó en 42 kJ·mol-1.
A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization with Neural Network via Euclidean Distance
Authors: Jabar Asia L. , Rashid Tarik A.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a new modified model of Feed Forward Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization via using Euclidean Distance method (FNNPSOED) is used to better handle a classification problem of the employee’s behavior. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as a natural inspired algorithm is used to support the Feed Forward Neural Network (FNN) with one hidden layer in obtaining the optimum weights and biases using different hidden layer neurons numbers. The key reason of using ED with PSO is to take the distance between each two-feature value then use this distance as a random number in the velocity equation for the velocity value in the PSO algorithm. The FNNPSOED is used to classify employees’ behavior using 29 unique features. The FNNPSOED is evaluated against the Feed Forward Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization (FNNPSO). The FNNPSOED produced satisfactory results.
Texture Image Segmentation Approach Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Salhi Khalid , Jaara El Miloud , Talibi Alaoui Mohammed
Published: March 2018

One of the major problems in texture analysis is segmenting images into different regions based on textures. In this paper, we present a new approach of texture segmentation, which is based on both Kohonen maps and mathematical morphology, using three different texture features, namely, Haralick features based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), fractal features based on fractal dimension using the differential box counting method, and wavelet features based on wavelet transform. These features are used to train the Kohonen Network, which will be represented by the underlying probability density function (PDF). The segmentation of this map’s representation is made by morphological watershed transformation. In the final part of our algorithm, this will help on the segmentation of the textural image, by assigning each pixel to a modal region extracted from the map. Our work covers the results obtained by the three extraction methods taking into consideration the execution time and the error rate.
Using Efficient TRNGs for PSEUDO Profile in National eID Card
Authors: Rexha Blerim , Imeraj Dren , Shabani Isak
Published: March 2018

Applications that requires true random number generator (TRNG), which uses raw analog data generated from any noise source in nature, must convert the source normal distribution to uniform distribution. Many up to date implementations convert the raw analog data into digital data by employing a comparator or a Schmitt trigger. This method wastes a large amount of random input data, lowering the throughput of the TRNG. In new national electronic identity card (eID) beyond the true identity of his bearer and to address the increasing concern of user privacy while doing business in Internet an additional pseudo profile is set. This pseudo profile uses 20-byte random value generated by database server, using a script during personalization process. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that enables efficient distribution conversion in low power devices. The low memory requirements and efficient processing make it suitable for implementation low power cryptographic devices but also in complex personalization systems. Furthermore, we compare the random data generated by our efficient TRNG vs. those generated by database server.
Cyber Bullying and Traumatic Experiences: The Impact on Learning Disabilities
Authors: Stathopoulou Agathi , Karabatzaki Zoe , Loukeris Dionisis , Mantas Panagiotis , Kokkalia Georgia , Drigas Athanasios S.
Published: March 2018

The aim of our research is to investigate the effects of traumatic experiences that teens with learning disorders had to go through. The sample of our study is consisted of 160 high school students who were referred in a web line evaluation form, due to low school performance. The research tool that was used was ACHENBACH’s self-report questionnaire for children and teenagers and more specifically the subscales for anxiety-depression and depression-withdrawal. Frequencies, percentages of responses and means have been calculated. An analysis of variance (one way anova) to assess the differences in the averages of students' responses to the variable "experiencing a traumatic event" was also performed. The results showed that there are significant differences in the level of statistical significance p <0,01 between the means of students who say they have experienced a traumatic event and those who report that they haven’t. Particularly decisive traumatic experience for the students' mentality seems to be the in-school violence received by students and the death of a loved one. Application features that have to do with the cyber bulling are also presented briefly. 
Upscaling surface energy fluxes over the North Slope of Alaska using airborne eddy-covariance measurements and environmental response functions
Authors: Serafimovich Andrei , Metzger Stefan , Hartmann Jörg , Kohnert Katrin , Zona Donatella , Sachs Torsten
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The objective of this study was to upscale airborne flux measurements of sensible heat and latent heat and to develop high resolution flux maps. In order to support the evaluation of coupled atmospheric/land–surface models we investigated spatial patterns of energy fluxes in relation to land–surface properties. We used airborne eddy-covariance measurements acquired by the POLAR 5 research aircraft in June–July 2012 to analyze surface fluxes. Footprint-weighted surface properties were then related to 21 529 sensible heat flux observations and 25 608 latent heat flux observations using both remote sensing and modelled data. A boosted regression tree technique was used to estimate environmental response functions between spatially and temporally resolved flux observations and corresponding biophysical and meteorological drivers. In order to improve the spatial coverage and spatial representativeness of energy fluxes we used relationships extracted across heterogeneous Arctic landscapes to infer high-resolution surface energy flux maps, thus directly upscaling the observational data. These maps of projected sensible heat and latent heat fluxes were used to assess energy partitioning in northern ecosystems and to determine the dominant energy exchange processes in permafrost areas. This allowed us to estimate energy fluxes for specific types of land cover, taking into account meteorological conditions. Airborne and modelled fluxes were then compared with measurements from an eddy-covariance tower near Atqasuk. Our results are an important contribution for the advanced, scale-dependent quantification of surface energy fluxes and provide new insights into the processes affecting these fluxes for the main vegetation types in high-latitude permafrost areas.
Nitrogen and oxygen availabilities control water column nitrous oxide production during seasonal anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Ji Qixing , Frey Claudia , Sun Xin , Jackson Melanie , Lee Yea-Shine , Jayakumar Amal , Cornwell Jeffrey C. , Ward Bess B.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and an ozone depletion agent. One of the major uncertainties in the global N2O budget is the contribution of the coastal region, including estuaries, which can be sites of intense N2O efflux. Incubation experiments with nitrogen stable isotope tracer (15N) enabled the investigation of the environmental controls of N2O production in the water column of Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in North America. The highest potential rates of N2O production (7.5 ± 1.2 nmol-N L−1 hr−1) were detected during summer anoxia, during which oxidized nitrogen species (nitrate and nitrite) were absent from the water column. At the top of the anoxic layer, N2O production from denitrification was stimulated by addition of nitrate and nitrite. The relative contribution of nitrate and nitrite to N2O production was positively correlated with the ratio of nitrate to nitrite concentrations. Increased oxygen availability, up to 7 µM oxygen inhibited both N2O production and the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Therefore, reducing the nitrogen input into the Chesapeake Bay has two potential impacts on the N2O efflux: In the short-term, N2O emission will be mitigated due to nitrogen deficiency. In the long-run, eutrophication will be alleviated and subsequent re-oxygenation of the bay will further inhibit N2O production.
Lability of natural organic matter in freshwater: a simple
method for detection using hydrogen peroxide as an indicator
Authors: Constantino Isabela Carreira , Tadini Amanda Maria , Lima Marcelo Freitas , Plicas Lídia Maria de Almeida , Moreira Altair Benedito , Bisinoti Márcia Cristina
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Natural organic matter (NOM) is an important component for understanding the behavior of pollutants in the environment. A fraction of NOM is considered labile, fresh and less oxidized. In this work, a simple method was developed to distinguish between labile (LOM) and recalcitrant (ROM) organic matter in freshwater samples. Pyruvate, lignin and fulvic acid were chosen as model compounds of labile and recalcitrant NOM. The samples were submitted to kinetic monitoring experiments using hydrogen peroxide. Pyruvate was the best standard for the quantification of LOM (for concetrations up to 2.9 mg L−1). ROM was quantified by measuring the difference between total organic carbon (TOC) and LOM concentrations. Curves obtained with 0.5 to 5.0 mg L−1 TOC (pyruvate) in freshwater or ultrapure water samples did not indicate the existence of a matrix effect. This simple method was applied to water samples that were collected monthly for one year; the resulting LOM concentrations ranged from 0.47 to 2.1 mg L−1 and the ROM concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 3.5 mg L−1. Based on this results we concluded that hydrogen peroxide kinetics can be used as a simple method to quantify LOM and ROM concentrations in freshwater samples.
Bias correction of Simulated Historical Daily Streamflow at Ungauged Locations by Using Independently Estimated Flow-Duration Curves
Authors: Farmer William H. , Over Thomas M. , Kiang Julie E.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In many simulations of historical daily streamflow distributional bias arising from the distributional properties of residuals, however small, has been noted. This bias often presents itself as an underestimation of high streamflow and an overestimation of low streamflow. Here, 1168 streamgages across the conterminous United States having at least 14 complete water years of daily data between October 01, 1980, and September 30, 2013, are used to explore a method for rescaling simulated streamflow to correct the distributional bias. Based on an existing approach that separates the simulated streamflow into components of timing and magnitude, the timing component is converted into simulated nonexceedance probabilities and rescaled to new volumes using an independently estimated flow-duration curve (FDC). In this study, this method is applied to a pooled ordinary kriging simulation of daily streamflow coupled with FDCs estimated by regional regression on basin characteristics. The improvement in the representation of high and low streamflows is correlated with the accuracy and unbiasedness of the estimated FDC. The method is verified by using an idealized case, though, with the introduction of regionally regressed FDCs developed for this study, the method is only useful overall for the upper tails, which are more accurately and unbiasedly estimated than the lower tails. It remains for future work to determine how accurate the estimated FDCs need to be to be useful for bias correction without unduly reducing accuracy. In addition to its potential efficacy for distributional bias correction, this methodology also represents a generalization of nonlinear spatial interpolation of daily streamflow using FDCs. Rather than relying on single index stations as is commonly done to reflect streamflow timing, this approach leverages geostatistical tools to allow a region of neighbors to reflect streamflow timing.
HESS Opinions: Linking Darcy's equation to the linear reservoir
Authors: Savenije Hubert H. G.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In groundwater hydrology, two simple linear equations exist describing the relation between groundwater flow and the
gradient driving it: Darcy's equation and the linear reservoir. Both equations are empirical and straightforward, but work
at different scales: Darcy's equation at the laboratory scale and the linear reservoir at the watershed scale. Although at
first sight they appear similar, it is not trivial to upscale Darcy's equation to the watershed scale without detailed
knowledge of the structure or shape of the underlying aquifers. This paper shows that these two equations, combined by the
water balance, are indeed identical provided there is equal resistance in space for water entering the subsurface
network. This implies that groundwater systems make use of an efficient drainage network, a mostly invisible pattern that
has evolved over geological timescales. This drainage network provides equally distributed resistance for water to access
the system, connecting the active groundwater body to the stream, much like a leaf is organized to provide all stomata
access to moisture at equal resistance. As a result, the timescale of the linear reservoir appears to be inversely
proportional to Darcy's “conductance”, the proportionality being the product of the porosity and the resistance to
entering the drainage network. The main question remaining is which physical law lies behind pattern formation in
groundwater systems, evolving in a way that resistance to drainage is constant in space. But that is a fundamental
question that is equally relevant for understanding the hydraulic properties of leaf veins in plants or of blood veins in
animals.
Nonlinear viscoplasticity in ASPECT: benchmarking and applications to subduction
Authors: Glerum Anne , Thieulot Cedric , Fraters Menno , Blom Constantijn , Spakman Wim
Published: March 2018

Abstract. ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth's ConvecTion) is a massively parallel finite element code originally designed for modeling thermal convection in the mantle with a Newtonian rheology. The code is characterized by modern numerical methods, high-performance parallelism and extensibility. This last characteristic is illustrated in this work: we have extended the use of ASPECT from global thermal convection modeling to upper-mantle-scale applications of subduction.Subduction modeling generally requires the tracking of multiple materials with different properties and with nonlinear viscous and viscoplastic rheologies. To this end, we implemented a frictional plasticity criterion that is combined with a viscous diffusion and dislocation creep rheology. Because ASPECT uses compositional fields to represent different materials, all material parameters are made dependent on a user-specified number of fields.The goal of this paper is primarily to describe and verify our implementations of complex, multi-material rheology by reproducing the results of four well-known two-dimensional benchmarks: the indentor benchmark, the brick experiment, the sandbox experiment and the slab detachment benchmark. Furthermore, we aim to provide hands-on examples for prospective users by demonstrating the use of multi-material viscoplasticity with three-dimensional, thermomechanical models of oceanic subduction, putting ASPECT on the map as a community code for high-resolution, nonlinear rheology subduction modeling.
Insight into the Links among External Business Environments, Corporate Governance and Organisational Performance
Authors: Huynh Quang Linh
Published: March 2018

The existing literature has acknowledged the complicated links among external business environments, corporate governance and organisational performance. However, a large void exists in the extant research models of corporate governance, because none have discussed and empirically examined the intervenient effect of the corporate governance mechanism on the external business environments and organisational performance. A thorough review of the literature on corporate governance, external business environments and organisational performance comes to the proposed hypotheses. The indirect effect of external business environments on organisational performance via corporate governance is statistically tested. The research provides empirical evidence that organisational performance is the consequence of both corporate governance and external business environments that is, in turn, the causality of corporate governance. More importantly, it offers insight into the mediating effect of corporate governance in transforming the uncertainty of external business environments into organisational performance. The findings suggest that firms facing uncertainty in external business environments should adopt suitable corporate governance to achieve the best organisational performance.
The Challenges Facing Bottom up Planning Process in Korogwe Town Council in Tanzania
Authors: Eliza Mwakasangula , Oscar Tefurukwa W.
Published: March 2018

This paper focuses on the main challenges facing participation in the bottom up planning processes at Korogwe Town Council (KTC). The study used 329 respondents and employed interviews, informal discussion, observation, and documentary reviews to gather data. Mainly narration and content analyses were used to scrutinize all data.The findings show that there were: inadequate community participation in planning at KTC due to lack of motivation and training, shortage of staff, lack of funds, inflexibility, irresponsibility, and lack of council mechanism for participation. Consequently, there was low level of community members participating in bottom up planning process. In order to encourage more people to be part of planning process, among other things, there is need to improve (or introduce) motivation to and training of community members, leaders and officers for effective bottom up participation participate.
The Poetic Form of Voice in Chaucer's House of Fame
Authors: Lemons Andrew
Published: March 2018

The House of Fame has long frustrated efforts to make sense of its apparent incompleteness. This article redirects attention from the end of the poem to the relatively overlooked middle, exploring how the vision of the primal scene offered in the second book of the poem is significantly complicated by the formal feature of recurring, inverted rhyme pairs, or “circle rhymes,” which recapitulate the revolutionary theory of poetic form and voice articulated in the vision.
Health Wearables: Ensuring Fairness, Preventing Discrimination, and Promoting Equity in an Emerging Internet-of-Things Environment
Authors: Montgomery Kathryn , Chester Jeff , Kopp Katharina
Published: March 2018

Wearable fitness devices have the potential to address some of the most challenging public health problems in the United States. But they also raise serious privacy concerns. The data they collect can be combined with personal information from other sources, raising the specter of discriminatory profiling, manipulative marketing, and data breaches. Yet, these devices fall between the cracks of a weak health privacy and a consumer protection system in the United States. This article offers key principles and critical issues that must be considered in order to develop effective privacy, equity, and consumer protections for the emerging digital health marketplace.
How Algorithms Discriminate Based on Data They Lack: Challenges, Solutions, and Policy Implications
Authors: Williams Betsy Anne , Brooks Catherine F. , Shmargad Yotam
Published: March 2018

Organizations often employ data-driven models to inform decisions that can have a significant impact on people's lives (e.g., university admissions, hiring). In order to protect people's privacy and prevent discrimination, these decision-makers may choose to delete or avoid collecting social category data, like sex and race. In this article, we argue that such censoring can exacerbate discrimination by making biases more difficult to detect. We begin by detailing how computerized decisions can lead to biases in the absence of social category data and in some contexts, may even sustain biases that arise by random chance. We then show how proactively using social category data can help illuminate and combat discriminatory practices, using cases from education and employment that lead to strategies for detecting and preventing discrimination. We conclude that discrimination can occur in any sociotechnical system in which someone decides to use an algorithmic process to inform decision-making, and we offer a set of broader implications for researchers and policymakers.
Living Plants, Dead Animals, and Other Matters: Embryos and Demons in Porphyry of Tyre
Authors: Marx-Wolf Heidi
Published: March 2018

This article uses the notion of the body as “machinic assemblage” in the works of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari as a lens through which to approach the complex nature of embodiment in the work of the third-century Platonist and student of Plotinus, Porphyry of Tyre. In particular it focuses on the many assemblages Porphyry's embryonic and demonic bodies make with other beings and forces in the late ancient cosmos. It concludes that by using this lens, we are invited to shift our attention away from approaches to ancient discussions on embodiment that focus on ontology and questions of static, singular essences and organisms, and instead focus on multiplicity and becoming. This approach, the article argues, gives rise to a more nuanced and complex picture of ancient cosmological and taxonomic thinking.
Espacios verdes urbanos como componente de un ecosistema. Funciones, servicios, usuarios, participación de la comunidad, iniciativas y acciones
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Pallagst Karina , Zdunek-Wielgolaska Justyna
Published: March 2018

Este trabajo entrega una revisión crítica respecto de la literatura especializada existente acerca de algunas características importantes de los espacios verdes urbanos, como los componentes, funciones, servicios, participación comunitaria, iniciativas y acciones desde una perspectiva eco sistémica. El análisis parte del supuesto de que los espacios verdes urbanos son ecosistemas de vital importancia para mejorar la calidad de vida en un entorno urbano y para proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos, como la biodiversidad y la regulación del clima. Por lo tanto, el espacio verde urbano es un componente esencial de un ecosistema en cualquier desarrollo comunitario. Satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios está relacionado con las funciones y servicios que los espacios verdes urbanos proporcionan a las comunidades. La participación, el compromiso y el desarrollo de la comunidad requieren mecanismos para asegurar el cumplimiento de las necesidades y aspiraciones de los usuarios locales en la comunidad. Los métodos empleados en este análisis son la revisión de literatura y de documentos secundarios, el análisis de datos existentes acerca de usos y usuarios, y entrevistas con autoridades. Como conclusiones, el documento sugiere iniciativas ambientales, económicas y sociales para las autoridades locales y las comunidades que se pueden aplicar a todas las partes interesadas representadas e involucradas.
Paisaje fluvial y planificación del territorio. Perspectivas de integración en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Rotger Daniela Vanesa
Published: March 2018

El surgimiento del paisaje como concepto asociado a la planificación del territorio en el marco del proceso de globalización, ha derivado en el desarrollo de un amplio abanico de instrumentos y estrategias destinados a valorar e intervenir paisajes cotidianos y degradados, entre ellos los paisajes fluviales. La Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA), donde las cuencas hidrográficas representan un desafío en materia ambiental, es un territorio propicio para analizar la aplicación de herramientas que impulsen, mediante la puesta en valor del paisaje fluvial, la integración del paisaje dentro de los instrumentos de planificación. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las posibilidades de integración de las políticas de paisaje dentro de los instrumentos de planificación del territorio en la RMBA, sobre la base del análisis de una estrategia de puesta en valor desarrollada para la cuenca del arroyo del Gato, uno de los que integran este sistema. En una primera parte del trabajo se aborda el marco teórico y metodológico en relación con el paisaje fluvial. Posteriormente se desarrolla la fase empírica, que ahonda en la puesta en valor del paisaje en el caso de estudio. Finalmente se reflexiona acerca de las posibilidades de implementar este tipo de estrategias dentro del marco de planificación actual.
Desafíos para la institucionalización de la perspectiva de género en instituciones de educación superior en México. Una mirada a los contextos organizacionales
Authors: Cerva Cerna Daniela
Published: March 2018

El artículo intenta analizar el devenir de los estudios de la mujer y el género en el marco de los desafíos que enfrentan las instituciones educativas en su participación en la producción de conocimientos sobre las mujeres y las relaciones de género, poniendo de relieve la importancia de generar acciones institucionales sobre las propias dinámicas que reproducen las relaciones de poder dentro de los espacios educativos. El análisis incluye los resultados de investigaciones cualitativas con mujeres académicas e integrantes de las unidades de género en algunas universidades mexicanas.
Esse sequitur operari, o el nuevo giro de la teoría sociológica contemporánea: Bourdieu, Archer, Luhmann
Authors: Mascareño Aldo
Published: March 2018

El artículo sostiene que en la teoría sociológica contemporánea es posible reconocer un conjunto de teorías operativas para las cuales el mecanismo generativo de lo social reside en el centro de su arquitectura teórica. Para estas teorías el concepto de operación juega un rol central en la descripción de la emergencia de la sociedad, mientras que el concepto de estructura funciona como un dispositivo limitacional y reflexivo que informa a la operación acerca de las posibilidades contingentes de la dinámica social. El artículo argumenta que la lógica de la práctica de Pierre Bourdieu, la dislocación temporal entre agencia y estructura, así como el rol intermediario de la interacción en Margaret Archer, y el concepto de comunicación de Niklas Luhmann como un evento de selección tripartito, representan opciones alternativas en la explicación operativa de la emergencia de lo social. Las conclusiones examinan los rasgos de las teorías operativas en la perspectiva de extraer las consecuencias para conceptos básicos de las ciencias sociales tales como tiempo, espacio, la distinción micro/macro y la posición de las normas en la teorización sociológica.
Territorio como medium: Discusión sobre rendimientos analíticos para las observaciones de la complejidad socio-espacial
Authors: Urquieta María Antonieta , Mariñez Cesar , Jorquera Catalina
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar al ‘territorio’ como medio y discutir sobre sus rendimientos analíticos para observar a la complejidad socio-espacial. En primer lugar, presentamos un bosquejo conceptual de la distinción medio/forma para entender esta propuesta en el marco de un abordaje de los fenómenos sociales (I). Luego caracterizamos al territorio como un medio para la construcción de formas y damos cuenta de las maneras en que los observadores construyen expectativas sobre lo que observan, cuando este se tematiza en la comunicación (II). A modo de conclusión, señalamos la relevancia que tiene el medio territorio para futuros estudios relacionados con la inclusión y la exclusión social.
Génesis y tensiones de la Comunidad Societal de Parsons
Authors: Cantamutto Francisco J.
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo explica la génesis y desarrollo del concepto de Comunidad Societal del sociólogo funcionalista Talcott Parsons. Aunque según Alexander (1989), para Parsons cada cambio en su esquema de análisis es un desprendimiento lógico de su estructura básica, la Comunidad Societal implicó cierta novedad respecto de sus planteos iniciales. El rastreo del concepto se hace, entonces, siguiendo la obra del propio Parsons, buscando explicar los cambios teóricos por donde se arriba a este concepto. Se presentan al final dos tensiones del propio concepto, respecto de la inclusión de grupos no miembros y el uso de la coerción.
La percepción de la pobreza bajo el ángulo de la teoría de la vinculación: naturalización, culpabilización y victimización
Authors: Paugman Serge
Published: March 2018

La naturalización, la culpabilización y la victimización constituyen tres formas difusas de percepción de la pobreza e inevitablemente presentes en todas las sociedades. Este artículo estudia, más allá de los factores de variación generalmente tomados en cuenta, lo que se refiere más específicamente a los modos de regulación de los vínculos sociales que se pueden analizar a partir de una tipología de configuraciones de vinculación.
Explorando modelos estadísticos para explicar la participación en protestas en Chile
Authors: Ortiz-Inostroza Camila , López Eleonora
Published: March 2018

En la última década la acción colectiva ha adquirido un significativo protagonismo en Chile. La investigación social ha reaccionado con gran interés frente a esta situación, lo que se verifica en la profusión de estudios abocados a describir estos movimientos y comprender sus dinámicas, predominantemente utilizando estudios de casos y metodologías cualitativas. En dicho contexto, nuestro objetivo es explorar una entrada de

investigación diferente, enfocando el problema de los factores determinantes de la participación individual

en eventos de protesta, mediante el uso de metodologías cuantitativas. El análisis de datos extraídos del informe de Desarrollo Humano 2015 del PNUD, muestra los resultados obtenidos en relación al efecto de cuatro modelos sobre la participación individual en protestas: grievances, privación relativa, identidad social y movilización de recursos. Los hallazgos señalan la importancia de la participación en organizaciones, la identificación con causas sociales, con la izquierda política y el peso de la edad y el nivel educacional.

Adicionalmente, la relación entre ingresos y participación en protestas parece no ser lineal, resultando significativa en tramos de ingreso medio. Estos resultados permiten elaborar nuevas interrogantes y subrayar la utilidad de incorporar estos enfoques al campo de estudio de los movimientos sociales en Chile.
Seguridad Ciudadana y discursos de control en Chile
Authors: Isla Pablo
Published: March 2018

En este artéculo se analiza la génesis y desarrollo de las políticas de seguridad ciudadana y la construcción de imaginarios respecto de la delincuencia en Chile durante los tres primeros gobiernos democráticos (1990-2006). A través de una metodología cualitativa de análisis del discurso, a partir de un corpus conformado por fuentes primarias y secundarias, se busca identificar los factores del contexto nacional que moldearon las primeras políticas sobre seguridad ciudadana y los discursos sobre delincuencia y delincuente. Se identifican los elementos políticos y culturales que persisten hoy en da, y que pueden explican la preponderancia de posturas cercanas al populismo punitivo en el paìs.
A Power Saving Hybrid Technique for IoT
Authors: Al-Hamouz Sadeq
Published: March 2018

Most IoT applications usually contain a battery inside, which provides good mobility for the system, but also limits lifetime of the application in general. A lot of work concentrated on power saving algorithms for software, and hardware solutions to provide better results. The proposed solution uses a hybrid technique that enables the IoT system to save power by installing a secondary low current microcontroller to put sensorsand other devices in sleep mode, and depending on the IoT device’s application, it will be awakened by a needed trigger that is tuned according to the application (such as certain sensors readings, or time based trigger). This will provide high system flexibility.
A Novel Multi-Level Security Technique Based on IRIS Image Encoding
Authors: AL-Hamouz Sadeq
Published: March 2018

Providing highly secured access to restricted or private areas has become highly required these days, mainly due to terrorism threats. One method of security is no longer sufficient, hence the term and technology of a “multi-level” security system was developed by integrating more than one security procedure, on both hardware and software levels. This research provides a simple, cheap, easily achievable, yet highly secured multi-level security system to control access through doors. The system integrates IRIS scan authentication, innovative IRIS image encoding, encrypted of mobile communication, and multipoint Control Unit (MCU) Security as main procedures of security. The system’s novelty shows in the encoding and encryption of IRIS image data that is acquired by a mobile phone before it is sent to the authentication site, where it is decrypted by a cheap and fast MCU to retrieve the IRIS image that is fed into a Neural Network in order to grant authorization to the user.
Accessible, Dynamic Web Content Using Instagram
Authors: Wilkinson Jaci
Published: March 2018

This is a case study in dynamic content creation using Instagram’s API. An embedded feed of the Mansfield Library Archives and Special Collections’ most recent Instagram posts was created for their website’s home page. The process to harness Instagram’s API highlighted competing interests: web services’ desire to most efficiently manage content, Archives staff’s investment in the latest social media trends, and everyone’s institutional commitment to accessibility.
ITAL Editorial Board Thoughts. Halfway Home: User Centered Design and Library Websites
Authors: Cyzyk Mark
Published: March 2018

Our Library Website has now gone through two major redesigns in the past five or so years. In both cases, a User Centered Design approach was used to plan the site.
Identifying Emerging Relationship in Healthcare Domain Journals via Citation Network Analysis
Authors: Chu Kuo-Chung , Lu Hsin-Ke , Liu Wen-I
Published: March 2018

Online e-journal databases enable scholars to search the literature in a research domain, or to cross-search an interdisciplinary field. The key literature can thereby be efficiently mapped out. This study builds a Web-based citation analysis system consisting of four modules: (1) literature search; (2) statistics; (3) articles analysis; and (4) co-citation analysis. The system focuses on the PubMed Central dataset and facilitates specific keyword searches in each research domain in terms of authors, journals, and core issues. In addition, we use data mining techniques for co-citation analysis. The results could assist researchers to develop an in-depth understanding of the research domain. An automated system for co-citation analysis promises to facilitate understanding of the changing trends that affect the journal structure of research domains. The proposed system has the potential to become a value-added database of the healthcare domain, which will benefit researchers.
Waterbird counts on large water bodies: comparing ground and aerial methods during different ice conditions
Authors: Marchowski Dominik , Jankowiak Łukasz , Ławicki Łukasz , Wysocki Dariusz
Published: March 2018

The paper compares the aerial and ground methods of counting birds in a coastal area during different ice conditions. Ice coverage of waters was the most important factor affecting the results of the two methods. When the water was ice-free, more birds were counted from the ground, whereas during ice conditions, higher numbers were obtained from the air. In ice-free conditions the group of waterbirds with the smallest difference between the two methods (< 6%) contained six species: Greater Scaup, Smew, Mute Swan, Goosander, Common Goldeneye and Tufted Duck; the group with a moderate difference (15%-45%) included another six species: Eurasian Coot, Whooper Swan, Mallard, Eurasian Wigeon, Great Crested Grebe and Common Pochard; while the group with a large difference (> 68%) included five species, all of the genus Anas: Gadwall, Eurasian Teal, Northern Shoveler, Northern Pintail and Garganey. In ice conditions, smaller numbers of most species were counted from the ground, except for Mallard, where the difference between two methods was small (7.5%). Under ice-free conditions, both methods can be used interchangeably for the most numerous birds occupying open water without any great impact on the results. When water areas are frozen over, air counts are preferable as the results are more accurate. The cost analysis shows that a survey carried out by volunteer observers (reimbursement of travel expenses only) from the land is 58% cheaper, but if the observers are paid, then the aerial survey is 40% more economical.
Towards computational reproducibility: researcher perspectives on the use and sharing of software
Authors: Alnoamany Yasmin , Borghi John A.
Published: March 2018

Research software, which includes both the source code and executables used as part of the research process, presents a significant challenge for efforts aimed at ensuring reproducibility. In order to inform such efforts, we conducted a survey to better understand the characteristics of research software as well as how it is created, used, and shared by researchers. Based on the responses of 215 participants, representing a range of research disciplines, we found that researchers create, use, and share software in a wide variety of forms for a wide variety of purposes, including data collection, data analysis, data visualization, data cleaning and organization, and automation. More participants indicated that they use open source software than commercial software. While a relatively small number of programming languages (e.g. Python, R, JavaScript, C++, Matlab) are used by a large number, there is a long tail of languages used by relatively few. Between group comparisons revealed that significantly more participants from computer science write source code and create executables than participants from other disciplines. Group comparisons related to knowledge of best practices related to software creation or sharing were not significant. While many participants indicated that they draw a distinction between the sharing and preservation of software, related practices and perceptions were often not aligned with those of the broader scholarly communications community.
Biological and environmental drivers of deep-sea benthic ecosystem functioning in Canada’s Laurentian Channel Area of Interest (AOI)
Authors: Miatta Marta , Snelgrove Paul V
Published: March 2018

Ongoing environmental changes and accelerating biodiversity loss raise concern and interest about the role of environmental factors and biodiversity in determining marine ecosystem functioning. This study aims to identify the main drivers of benthic ecosystem functioning in deep-sea sedimentary habitats in the Laurentian Channel Area of Interest (AOI), and in particular the role of sea pens (Pennatulacea) as potential keystone species in the area. Using the ROV ROPOS we collected sediment cores and measured environmental variables from 6 stations inside the AOI (depths 348–445m) in September 2017. Through 48-hours incubations and flux measurements (oxygen, inorganic nutrients), we estimated organic matter remineralization, a key benthic function. Preliminary analyses show no significant variation in fluxes among stations, despite significant differences in environmental variables However, the presence/absence of Pennatulacea inside the cores indicated some capability to enhance remineralization and particularly nitrification. Ongoing analyses will address sediment properties, macrofaunal biodiversity, prokaryotic abundance, and biological traits as drivers of remineralization. Shedding new light on the primary drivers of ecosystem functioning in the area will inform the design or monitoring strategies proposed for this AOI and offer new perspectives and tools for MPA design.
Analytical CPG model driven by single-limb velocity input generates accurate temporal locomotor dynamics
Authors: Yakovenko Sergiy , Sobinov Anton , Gritsenko Valeriya
Published: March 2018

The ability of vertebrates to generate rhythm within their spinal neural networks is essential for walking, running, and other rhythmic behaviors. The central pattern generator (CPG) network responsible for these behaviors is well-characterized with experimental and theoretical studies, and it can be formulated as a nonlinear dynamical system. The underlying mechanism responsible for locomotor behavior can be expressed as the process of leaky integration with resetting states generating appropriate phases for changing body velocity. The low-dimensional input to the CPG model generates the bilateral pattern of swing and stance modulation for each limb and is consistent with the desired limb speed as the input command. To test the minimal configuration of required parameters for this model, we reduced the system of equations representing CPG for a single limb and provided the analytical solution with two complementary methods. The analytical and empirical cycle durations were similar (R2=0.99) for the full range of walking speeds. The structure of solution is consistent with the use of limb speed as the input domain for the CPG network. Moreover, the reciprocal interaction between two leaky integration processes was sufficient to capture fundamental experimental dynamics. This analysis provides further support for the embedded velocity or limb speed representation within spinal neural pathways involved in rhythm generation.
Biochronology and biogeography of Paradaphoenus (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) within the Great Plains Region of North America
Authors: Boyd Clint A , Welsh Ed
Published: March 2018

The amphicyonid, or “bear-dog,” Paradaphoenus was a small-bodied, hypercarnivorous carnivoran that lived in North America during the Oligocene. Specimens of Paradaphoenus are rare, in part owing to the common inaccurate referral of specimens to the abundant canid Hesperocyon, which was similar in size and morphology. Four new specimens of Paradaphoenus are noted from North Dakota and South Dakota that expand the geographic range of this taxon within the Great Plains region of North America and expand our knowledge of its anatomy. A single specimen from either a transitional Orellan/Whitneyan or early Whitneyan fauna in the Little Badlands area of North Dakota is referred to Paradaphoenus minimus. That taxon is elsewhere restricted to Orellan faunae, making that specimen the youngest occurrence of P. minimus yet recognized. The remaining specimens are from two early Whitneyan faunas, the Cedar Pass local fauna in South Dakota and a new locality within the Little Badlands area of North Dakota, and are referred to Paradaphoenus tooheyi. These discoveries highlight the difficulties of elucidating the biostratigraphic and biogeographic distributions of relatively rare taxa within the White River Chronofauna given the propensity for many specimen identifications to be biased in favor of more abundant, well-known taxa.
Evaluasi Pengadaan Obat Publik Pada JKN Berdasarkan Data e-Catalogue Tahun 2014-2015
Authors: Dwiaji Ary , Sarnianto Prih , Thabrany Hasbullah , Syarifudin Muhammad
Published: March 2018

AbstrakSejak dimulainya JKN, pengadaan obat di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (faskes) publik dilaku- kan dengan e-Purchasing melalui e-Catalogue. Didasarkan pada RKO dan HPS, penyusunan e-Catalogue dilakukan melalui proses lelang dan negosiasi harga. Rantai proses tersebut akan berdampak pada jenis (molekul) dan jumlah obat yang tayang dalam e-Catalogue maupun jumlah dan volume permintaan oleh faskes publik (e-Order).TujuanPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi e-Order menurut kategorisasi obat, yaitu generik (OGB) dan dengan merek dagang (OMD), pada data e-Catalogue 2014-2015.MetodePada penelitian ini dilakukan pula wawancara dengan pegawai LKPP yang berwenang dalam peny- usunan e-Catalogue. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menganalisis profil penawaran obat JKN (e-Catalogue atau RKO) dan kesenjangannya dengan permintaan oleh fasilitas kesehatan publik, baik pada kelompok OGB maupun OMD.Hasil Penelitian dan PembahasanHasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa dalam e-Catalogue, pada 2014 ditawarkan 800 item obat (50,3% OGB; 49,7% OMD) dari 73 perusahaan farmasi dan, pada 2015, sedikit menurun jadi 795 item obat (40,4% OGB; 59,6% OMD) dari 79 perusahaan farmasi. Di sisi lain, e-Order pada 2014 tercatat Rp1.199,01 miliar (71,9% OGB, 28,1% OMD) untuk 1.928,50 juta satuan obat terkecil (98,2% OGB; 1,8% OMD) dan, pada 2015, mengalami peningkatan jadi Rp3.201,44 miliar (48,4% OGB; 51,6% OMD) untuk 3.175,78 juta satuan obat terkecil (96,8% OGB; 3,2% OMD). Rerata harga OMD pada 2014 dan 2015 itu masing-masing Rp9.978,04 dan Rp15.957,70 per satuan obat terkecil, sekitar 20 sampai 30 kali lipat rerata harga satuan OGB yang hanya Rp454,86 dan Rp504,19 per satuan obat terkecil. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara RKO dan e-Order yang, menurut data kualitatif, terutama berakar dari penetapan RKO dan HPS serta penayangan e-Catalogue yang tidak memberikan cukup waktu bagi pemenang lelang untuk mempersiapkan obat dalam jumlah yang sesuai dengan komitmen, pada saat dibutuhkan oleh fasilitas kesehatan.KesimpulanGuna mengatasi masalah mendasar ini, perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan dalam penetapan RKO dan HPS serta dibuat kesepakatan terkait alur dan jadwal penyusunan e-Catalogue.