bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain rate dependent plasticity and fracture of DP1000 steel under proportional and non-proportional loading
Authors: Chandran Sarath , Liu Wenqi , Lian Junhe , Münstermann Sebastian , Verleysen Patricia
Published: November 2021

To assess the effect of stress state and strain rate on damage and fracture of a commercial DP1000 steel with a very fine microstructure, an extensive series of tests were performed. Using finite element simulations, eight different sample geometries, including a dogbone, a central hole, a shear and several notched samples, were designed to achieve both proportional and non-proportional stress states using conventional test benches. Tested at quasi-static, intermediate and, dynamic deformation rates, in total 175 tests were performed. Local strain fields were obtained by digital image correlation. A correction procedure was worked out to eliminate the influence of thermal softening. After testing, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyse the fracture surfaces. Tests and fractography allowed to draw systematic conclusions on the response of the DP1000 steel. A two-stage strain rate sensitivity of strength is found with a gradually increasing slope at low strain rates and a much steeper rise at high strain rates, which is further amplified at higher triaxiality stress states. The experimentally derived fracture loci revealed a dominant, detrimental impact of the stress triaxiality that is most pronounced at intermediate strain rates. A remarkable, non-monotonic evolution of the fracture strain with strain rate is observed: the highest values were obtained at intermediate rates. Scanning electron microscopy images of the fracture surfaces indicate a void-assisted ductile fracture, though with the occurrence of brittle features triggered at dynamic strain rates. Fracture morphology and dimple features are heavily dependent on stress state, strain rate and loading path.
Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Altay Sacha , Berriche Manon , Acerbi Alberto
Published: November 2021

Alarmist narratives about online misinformation continue to gain traction despite evidence that its prevalence and impact are overstated. Drawing on research examining the use of big data in social science and reception studies, we identify six misconceptions about misinformation and highlight the conceptual and methodological challenges they raise. The first set of misconceptions concerns the prevalence and circulation of misinformation. First, scientists focus on social media because it is methodologically convenient, but misinformation is not just a social media problem. Second, the internet is not rife with misinformation or news, but with memes and entertaining content. Third, falsehoods do not spread faster than the truth; how we define (mis)information influences our results and their practical implications. The second set of misconceptions concerns the impact and the reception of misinformation. Fourth, people do not believe everything they see on the internet: sheer volume of engagement should not be conflated with belief. Fifth, people are more likely to be uninformed than misinformed; surveys overestimate misperceptions and say little about the causal influence of misinformation. Sixth, the influence of misinformation on people’s behavior is overblown as misinformation often ‘preaches to the choir’. To appropriately understand and fight misinformation, future research needs to address these challenges.
Online Teaching and Digital Inequalities
Authors: Lorenzi Giulia
Published: November 2021

In this brief piece, I look back at the experience of teaching logic seminars in a fully online setting during the past winter, reasoning on the strategies I adopted to adapt to the situation and to mitigate difficulties emerging from digital inequalities. I highlight how, in some cases, overcoming practical difficulties generated by the online environment led to unexpected positive outcomes and how, in others, the issues persistently affected the students’ experience in a way that was difficult to attenuate.
Zmiana postrzegania melancholii w XVIII wieku i jej nowe odmiany przedstawione w dziełach literackich epoki
Authors: Muranowicz Sylwia
Published: November 2021

Until the 18th century, melancholy functioned in people’s consciousness like a disease or a genetic condition. During the Enlightenment, some changes allowed to perceive it as emotional states, without any medical connotations. Among the many works, in which melancholy is mentioned, one can find several types of it, although everyone describing it, treated it in a personal way. A few of the most common new terms are sweet melancholy (douce mélancolie), boredom (ennui ), vapours (vapeurs), spleen, consomption, reverie (rêverie). Thanks to the sensitivity that was fashionable in the 18th century, emotional dilemmas were perceived not only negatively, and sometimes even desirable.
Confianza en la comunicación de la pandemia. Percepciones de los ciudadanos españoles de la gestión gubernamental de la información sobre la Covid-19
Authors: Arcila-Calderón Carlos , Blanco-Herrero David , Oller-Alonso Martín
Published: November 2021

There is global concern regarding how the Covid-19 pandemic was communicated to citizens, given the enormous amount of uncertainty and misinformation surrounding the health situation (Singh et al., 2020). As expected, the government has been the main source of official information in most countries, but the crisis has also affected political communication models and the management of crisis communication and misinformation. In this scenario, the level of trust in the government and political polarization have become crucial variables to understand how citizens perceive and receive communicate about the effects of the pandemic in their daily life. To address these issues in the case of Spain, in November 2020 we conducted the first nationally representative survey to analyze the level of trust that citizens have in public information on Covid-19 provided by the national government. The findings reveal that their perceptions regarding the quality of such information, the media used for its transmission, and the communication management by the Government during the pandemic were rather negative, although some sociodemographic differences are observed. This study, besides broadening knowledge about government communication during the pandemic in Spain, opens new questions such as the effect of trust in government communication on the level of compliance and agreement with health measures.

Resumen
Existe una preocupación mundial sobre cómo se transmitió o comunicó la pandemia de la Covid-19 a los ciudadanos, dada la enorme incertidumbre y desinformación en torno a la emergencia sanitaria (Singh et al., 2020). Como era de esperar, el Gobierno ha sido la principal fuente de información oficial en la mayoría de los países, pero a su vez esto ha afectado los modelos de comunicación política, la gestión comunicacional de la crisis y la desinformación. En este escenario, el nivel de confianza en el gobierno y la polarización política se han convertido en variables cruciales para entender cómo los ciudadanos perciben y comunican los efectos de la pandemia en su vida diaria. Para abordar estas cuestiones en el caso de España, en noviembre de 2020 realizamos la primera encuesta representativa nacional para analizar el nivel de confianza de la ciudadanía hacia la información pública de la Covid-19 dada por el Gobierno nacional. Nuestros hallazgos revelaron que la percepción sobre la calidad de la información, de los medios utilizados para su transmisión y de la gestión comunicacional del Gobierno durante la pandemia fue más bien negativa, aunque se observaron algunas diferencias sociodemográficas. Este estudio, además de ampliar el conocimiento sobre la comunicación gubernamental durante la pandemia en España, abre nuevos interrogantes, como el efecto de la confianza en la comunicación gubernamental en el nivel de cumplimiento y acuerdo con las medidas sanitarias.
An Approximate List of Markers (Criteria) for the Possible Involvement of Minors in Criminal Subculture on the Example of AUE
Authors: Serebrennikova Anna Valerevna
Published: November 2021

One of the most acute problems of the Russian state today is the problem of youth crime. The mass dissemination of the values of the criminal subculture among young people is a consequence of the complete denial of the system that has developed in society, as well as the fundamental social and political institutions. The article presents the main markers that allow us to draw conclusions about the possible involvement of minors in the criminal subculture of AUE. The classification of involvement markers according to their degree of severity (direct and indirect) is presented. The conclusion is made about the importance of markers for the prevention and counteraction of the involvement of young people in the criminal subculture of AUE.
The Scientific Imperative of Advanced Vocational Education Within the Framework of the System of Scientific and Methodological Support of Teachers
Authors: Ignateva Galina Aleksandrovna , Sdobniakov Viktor Vladimirovich , Sotkina Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Tulupova Oksana Vladimirovna
Published: November 2021

In the chapter of the monograph an organizational and activity model of project-organized advanced additional professional pedagogical education (hereinafter referred to as APPE) is presented, which is the basis for the activities of the center for scientific and methodological support of teachers of the K. Minin State Pedagogical University based on the analysis of scientific approaches to the development of the category "advanced education". A universal way of solving urgent problems of evolutionary improvement of the system of vocational education and training and an organizational and managerial mechanism for building a space of opportunities for continuous professional development of teachers is proposed.
The Influence of Athletics Cross-Country Means on the Level of Physical Fitness of High School Students
Authors: Ambartsumian Natalia Aleksandrovna , Kostenko Elena Gennadevna , Tolstykh Olga Sergeevna , Sokolov Vladimir Lvovich , Kostenko Aleksandr Petrovich
Published: November 2021

One of the most important tasks solved in physical education classes is preparing for life. An indispensable means of teaching vital motor skills and abilities are applied exercises that are taken from life and prepare for life. Such vital movements as climbing, climbing, running, jumping, overcoming obstacles, throwing, swimming and many other exercises also contribute to the development of the motor abilities of those involved. The aim of the research was to experimentally study the effect of cross-country classes on the physical fitness of high school students. Based on the conducted research it can be formulated that the use of cross-country training in the process of physical education of high school students contributes to the development of coordination, speed-strength abilities, as well as endurance.
Features of Socialization of Gifted Children
Authors: Voloskov Igor Vladimirovich , Vallis Ingeborg
Published: November 2021

The chapter is devoted to the socialization of gifted children, the influence of social institutions of society on socialization. In the materials of the chapter, representative data of sociological and author's research were used.
Penilaian Alternatif pada Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Kota Pontianak
Authors: Listiyawati Lilis , Anggita Anggita , Wahyuni Riska , Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: November 2021

English speaking skill is an important communication skill and must be mastered by students to be able to interact actively, convey ideas and provide responses in both formal and informal situations. Alternative assessment provides benefits for students and teachers in improving students' speaking skill in English. This research focuses on an alternative assessment of English speaking skill in Vocational High Schools in Pontianak City, especially South Pontianak. The objectives of this research are (1) to determine problems related to the English speaking skill of vocational school students in South Pontianak, (2) to identify and analyze alternative assessments applied in overcoming the problems of English speaking skill of vocational school students in South Pontianak, and 3) to find a solution to the English speaking skill problems of vocational school students in South Pontianak by using alternative assessments. This research was a qualitative research, and data were collected from interviews with English teachers and documents analysis. Data were collected through interviews with English teachers at SMK in south Pontianak and analysis of related documents. The stages of data analysis include data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results showed that the problems faced by students related to English speaking skill were limited ability of students caused by several factors, namely grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and self-confidence. The alternative assessments that were applied include performance - assessment, peer - assessment and portfolio. The solutions taken were to involve students in providing assessments to other students and the teacher focuses on conveying information clearly and conveying the moral values that are learned without focusing too much on grammar. The suggestions that the researchers gave were in the form of matriculation for students in the early year of school, knowledge sharing between teachers, determining priority aspects of speaking that were assessed and implementing self-assessment as an additional form of alternative assessment that could motivate and encourage students to gradually improve their speaking skills in English.
Current Problems of the Realization of the Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religious Вeliefs by Christians in Western European States
Authors: Семенова Наталия Сергеевна
Published: November 2021

На сегодняшний день сформирована солидная правовая база международных обязательств государств по гарантии права на свободу мысли, совести и религии. Соблюдение данных гарантий обеспечивается на международном уровне наличием разработанной системы уставных и договорных контрольных механизмов, в рамках которых государства отчитываются о выполнении своих обязательств. Тем не менее, несмотря на наличие хорошо разработанной международно-правовой системы защиты права на свободу мысли, совести и религии, проблемы реализации данного права, включая преследования и дискриминацию по признаку отношения к религии, остро стоят во многих странах Западной Европы. Причем, проблемы реализации права на свободу совести и вероисповедания возникают, как правило, у последователей Христианства - культурообразующей религии большинства государств Западной Европы. В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы и причины дискриминации христиан в Западной Европе. Приведены примеры практики национальных судов и Европейского суда по правам человека в области дискриминации христиан в западноевропейских государствах. Проанализированы последствия «политики толерантности», продвигаемой странами Западной Европы на международном уровне как основной «ценности» демократического общества, во взаимосвязи с дискриминацией христиан.

To date, a solid legal base of the international obligations of states has been formed to guarantee the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Compliance with these guarantees is ensured at the international level by the existence of a developed system of statutory and contractual control mechanisms, within which states report on the fulfillment of their obligations. Nevertheless, despite the existence of a well-developed international legal system for protecting the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the problems of the realization of this right, including persecution and discrimination based on religion, are acute in many countries of Western Europe. Moreover, the problems of the realization of the right to freedom of conscience and religion arise, as a rule, among the followers of Christianity, the culture-forming religion of most states of Western Europe. The article discusses the main problems and causes of discrimination against Christians in Western Europe. It contains examples of the practice of national courts and the European Court of Human Rights in the field of discrimination against Christians in Western European countries are given. The consequences of the «policy of tolerance» promoted by the countries of Western Europe at the international level as the main «value» of a democratic society, in connection with discrimination against Christians, are analyzed.
Japanese Orthodox Church: from the Beginnings to the Present
Authors: Медведев Сергей Сергеевич
Published: November 2021

С конца 50-х годов ХIХ в. на фоне активного сотрудничества Российской Империи с Японией Русская Церковь поставила вопрос о необходимости внешней миссии в Стране восходящего солнца. Святитель Николай Японский является объединяющим звеном двух великих держав. Наследие Святого является национальным достоянием двух народов. По мнению Святителя, «все, что делается в Японии, более чем всякое другое государство должно интересовать Россию, как непосредственную соседку её на крайнем Востоке. Оба государства молодые, полные свежих сил и надежд на долгую историческую жизнь. Притом же, оба - совершенно различные по своему географическому положению, вследствие чего в будущем они могут только помогать друг другу, но не встречаться одно с другим на перекрестных дорогах и не мешать одному и другому»1. Миссионерская деятельность святого Николая Японского является достойным образцом для современной христианской проповеди. «В стране, которая была изолирована от всего мира, десятки тысяч людей, услышав голос одного человека, обратились в веру, которая была для них непонятна, которая разделялась другим народом и не имела никакой укорененности в местной культуре»2. Святитель Николай оставил большой кладезь трудов, которые привели к созданию современной Японской Православной Церкви.

Since the late 50s of the nineteenth century at the backdrop of the active cooperation of the Russian Empire with Japan, the Russian Church raised the question of the need for an external mission in the country of the Rising Sun. St. Nicholas of Japan is the unifying link of the two great countries. The legacy of the St. Nicholas is a national treasure of two peoples. According to Hierarch, «everything that is done in Japan, more than any other state, should interest Russia as its immediate neighbor an the far East. Both states are young, full of fresh strength and hopes for a long historical life. Moreover, both of them are completely different in their geographical position, as a result of which in the future they can only help each other, but not meet one another on cross roads and not interfere with one and the other». The missionary work of St. Nicholas of Japan is a worthy model for modern Christian preaching. «In a country that was isolated from the whole world, tens of thousands of people, having heard the voice of one person, converted to a faith that was incomprehensible to them, which was shared by other people and had no root in local culture». St. Nicholas left a large storehouse of works that led to the creation of the modern Japanese Orthodox Church.
The Council in Crete: Look of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Authors: Сапсай Николай Григорьевич
Published: November 2021

В данном обзоре анализируются издания, выпущенные по случаю Всеправославного собора на Крите в 2016 году: монографии Святой и Великий Собор Православной Церкви и Всеправославный собор, а также дневник сербского епископа, принимавшего участие в работе собора. Книги вызовут интерес у занимающихся разбором деяний Критского собора и у всех, кто желает ознакомиться с деятельностью Сербской Православной Церкви до и в течение проведения данного мероприятия.

In this review we will introduce you the works published on the occasion of the Pan-Orthodox Council in Crete in 2016. We shall pay attention to the content of the monographs The Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church and the Pan-Orthodox Council. And also on the diary of the Serbian bishop who participated in the Council. Books can be useful to everyone who analyzes the Cretan Council and who wants to get acquainted with the activities of the Serbian Orthodox Church before and during this event.
Analysis of alternative means of resolving transit disputes in Ecuador
Authors: Tubón Jorge
Published: November 2021

The alternative means of conflict resolution in traffic matters establish a comprehensive investigation in which the dedication is shown in these alternative traffic processes and that allow an amendment legally. Nowadays in some processes, the causes are expanded or delayed stimulating that they are interrupted and collapse in some cases the administration of justice. It is also estimated that corruption processes coexist with sponsorships of some justice operators in many of the Judicial Units.
Początki żandarmerii wojskowej na ziemiach polskich
Authors: Nawrot Dariusz
Published: November 2021

The article presents the beginnings of military police in the Polish territory, which are closely related to the Napoleonic era. It was then that French solutions in terms of internal security formations were adopted. The creation of military police formation, first in the liberated from Russian rule Lithuania, was closely connected with the events of the War of 1812. The failure of the plans to fight a decisive battle at the borders of Russia and the slackness of the Great Army, caused by weather breakdown and inadequate provisions, soon resulted in the disintegration of discipline, an unprecedented number of marauders, and ordinary banditry spreading at an alarming rate. The areas through which Napoleonic troops had marched were completely devastated. In this situation Napoleon, seeking a solution to the problems with ensuring peace at the rear, in his order of July 1st, 1812 appointing the authorities of the liberated Lithuania also commanded the formation of Lithuanian military police. The article discusses the organization of this formation and its participation in the campaign as well as attempts to create similar military police formation in the lands of the Duchy of Warsaw at the turn of 1812 and 1813, when they were threatened by the offensive of the victorious Russian army. It has been emphasized that successive gendarmerie and military police formations created in the Polish territory referred to the traditions of these units.
Dzieje wojska Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w latach 1940–1947. Stan badań i perspektywy rozwoju (część 2)
Authors: Tym Juliusz
Published: November 2021

The article presents the current state of research on a fragment of the history of the Polish military – the history of the army, i.e. land forces of the Polish Armed Forces existing in the years 1940–1947 and subordinated to the legal authorities of the Republic of Poland in London, as well as prospects for the development of this research. The author focused primarily on non-serial publications which have appeared since 1945 until today. Discussing the state of research, he presented the achievements of both emigration and national historiography. In the latter, he distinguished two periods: before and after 1990. He also discussed the achievements of Western historiography in this field. The author concentrated on the most important trends in historiography so far and on the predominant trends in editing sources, memoirs, biographies and monographs, which he grouped thematically. As far as scientific journals are concerned, the author just mentioned a few of the most important ones published in exile and two leading historical-military ones published in Poland. He also pointed to the most important Polish and foreign archives, which contain sources necessary for the reconstruction of the history of the Polish Armed Forces. The author also characterized briefly the potential of the particular scientific circles that conduct professional research on the history of the Polish Armed Forces. Discussing the prospects for the development of this research, he pointed out the suggested directions and topics that remain undiscovered. He stressed that there are still many areas awaiting scientific exploration. Casting light on the results of the investigations, including new findings, opens up the possibility of writing many articles, including source papers, because many aspects of the functioning of the Polish Armed Forces are still unexplored. It is also a field for many monographs and syntheses. The author concluded his deliberations with a short summary referring to the challenges and opportunities as well as possible risks and threats to future research.
Pułkownik Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński i jego sprawy honorowe w 1923 r.
Authors: Kulka Grzegorz
Published: November 2021

At the turn of 1922 and 1923 there were two incidents of honour that involved Colonel Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński. First, he committed an insult against police officers in Cracow, and later – while already on duty in the capital – he got into a dispute over a council flat with another officer of the Polish Army. This article, based on unpublished archival materials, presents both these cases, which became the subject of proceedings before the officers’ court of honour.
Ampurdán (1659–1690) – studium strategii obronnej Hiszpanii względem Francji w epoce Ludwika XIV
Authors: de la Fuente de Pablo Pablo
Published: November 2021

The main aim of this work is to present the strategic problem of creating a new defense system, protecting the main route from France to Spain, and pointing out that that decisions on defense strategy made in a given country are not always the result of choosing the most logical solution but in many cases depend on internal conflicts and the characteristics of the chain of command. Disagreements between people who occupy different ranks in the military hierarchy and the constant changes in command posts, resulting from the influx of new officers, are an additional factor that makes such decisions difficult. The lack of clear criteria for strategy and continuation of the adopted line of action leads to the search for alternative solutions to the same problem. As a result, the problem remains unresolved. This article allows us to see how a lack of initiative during the period in question led to a situation where during the four conflicts that took place between Spain and France at that time (the War of Devolution, 1667–1668; the Franco-Dutch War, 1673–1678; the War of the Reunions, 1683–1684 and the War of the League of Augsburg, 1689–1697),
Organizacja i rys działalności sądów polowych Naczelnego Dowództwa WP w przełomowym okresie wojny z Rosją sowiecką latem 1920 roku (część 2)
Authors: Kania Leszek
Published: November 2021

The article is a two-part law and historical sketch that presents the organization and outline of the activity of the field judiciary during the decisive events in the war with Soviet Russia in the summer of 1920. In this part of the article the author presents an outline of the organization and the activity of the field judiciary since the beginning of its existence to the beginning of July 1920. The justice service of the Polish army came into being as an integral part of the armed forces alongside with the creation of different departments and services of the Ministry of Military Affairs and the General Staff of the Polish Army in the autumn of 1918. The military courts were created since the first days of November 1918 in Cracow, Lublin, Warsaw and Cieszyn, while in Przemyśl and Lviv – since the end of November. In January 1919 the field courts were created at the commands of the great units of the Lithauanian-Belarusan Front. As a separate structure, the field judiciary came into being in spring 1919 and was part of the High Command of the Polish Army. Until September 1920, at the commands of large units and operation formations (divisions, brigades, operation groups, armies and fronts), as well as commands, garrisons and strongholds, about 60–70 field courts and several judicial and legal departments were created. Field courts played a subordinate, although remarkable role in the command system of large units and operation formations, and in keeping the discipline and internal cohesion of the army.
Covid-19 Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning
Authors: Anitha R  , Ashok Kumar P M  , Ravi Kumar T
Published: November 2021

As we see in later days the covid-19 is spreading broadly. In this the individuals from diverse places within the world discussing about this widespread in numerous ways. So In this respect here we are employing a estimation examination to classify each and each survey of the individuals. What estimation examination will do is it’ll qualify and measure the comes about agreeing to the voice of client so for this individuals reaction is taken from online platform such as twitter stack the information and store this information in shape of datasets after that we got to do investigation on information utilizing conclusion mining. In this venture we got to take the covid-19 tweets information from twitter, based on the information we need to made the investigation of the information by utilizing the opinion analysis. In this venture we have long shortterm memory(LSTM), Näıve Bayes and Calculated Regression. Then we discover the exactness’s of each calculations based on that we’ll conclude that which calculation will be great in arrange to execute assumption investigation.
E-Society – A Financial and Event Management System
Authors: Priyadharshini Indra , Jasmine Gilda A  , Sherin Glory J  , Mukhil V
Published: November 2021

E-society – a financial and event management system, a web based application which leverage waterfall development model for managing the financial operations typically done in a house society and also provides the facility to create, organize and prioritize events and raise funds for the same. At present these details were maintained in a spreadsheet, and it has its own issues when comes to calculations, human introduced data error, missing required precession etc. Due to the manual maintenance of financial records, getting a spending report is become too tedious and difficult to extract in a given amount of time.This system is exclusively used by a small group or an organization allows people to keep track of the transaction between members of the society, admin and the workers working for that organization or society. By using this we can reduce the manual calculations and human errors while computation of expenditure. The system allows the retrieving and updating facilities to authorized persons.To bring in the transparency in expenses of the society’s funds, the application allows every user to generate a report to know about the expenses and funds collected between a given date range.
Implementation of marketplace data in the production of Consumer Price Index in Indonesia
Authors: Haqqoni Muhammad Ghozy Al , Pramana Setia
Published: November 2021

Digital Economy in recent years, especially in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, is growing rapidly. E-commerce is one part of the Digital Economy. BPS-Statistics Indonesia as a Non-ministerial Government Agency responsible directly to the president has conducted an E-commerce Survey in 2019. From this publication, it is concluded that the interest of Indonesian traders using the internet in selling in recent years has increased. So, the urgency of using e-commerce data in its application in official Statistics is increasingly needed. Several studies have carried out the application of e-commerce data in the calculation of The Consumer Price Index (CPI). In this research, e-commerce data is applied with a case study using the data from one of online marketplaces in Indonesia in calculating CPI at city level in Java. The purpose of this study is to compare the marketplace-based CPI data and BPS-Statistics’ survey-based CPI. The data is collected through web scraping techniques and followed by preprocessing data and analyzed descriptively. Web scraper that is built can be used in obtaining data. Commodity-level CPI with marketplace data tends to have relatively large prices which result in higher CPI being compared to BPS-Statistics CPI. Meanwhile, at the expenditure group level, the CPI between the two approaches is broadly similar in general.
Recent advances in metabolomic analyses of berry fruits and their in vivo metabolites
Authors: Catalkaya Gizem , Sieniawska Elwira , Maciejewska-Turska Magdalena , Kai Guoyin , Capanoglu Esra
Published: November 2021

Metabolomics, one of the most recent additions to the systems biology toolkit, has been used to study the metabolism and physiology of living organisms. In the field of food research, metabolomics has lately gained popularity as a technique for determining the quality, processing, and safety of raw materials and final food products, as well as for identifying biomarkers linked to food intake and disease. This review aimed to provide an overview of the current understanding of the analytical techniques used for metabolomics and their application to berries with a special emphasis on the in vivo studies. Specifically, identification of biomarkers of biological activity and in vivo metabolites of berries using metabolomics approach is covered.
New concepts of domination in fuzzy graph structures with application
Authors: Talebi A.A. , Muhiuddin G. , Sadati S.H. , Rashmanlou Hossein
Published: November 2021

Fuzzy graphs have a prominent place in the mathematical modelling of the problems due to the simplicity of representing the relationships between topics. Gradually, with the development of science and in encountering with complex problems and the existence of multiple relationships between variables, the need to consider fuzzy graphs with multiple relationships was felt. With the introduction of the graph structures, there was better flexibility than the graph in dealing with problems. By combining a graph structure with a fuzzy graph, a fuzzy graph structure was introduced that increased the decision-making power of complex problems based on uncertainties. The previous definitions restrictions in fuzzy graphs have made us present new definitions in the fuzzy graph structure. The domination of fuzzy graphs has many applications in other sciences including computer science, intelligent systems, psychology, and medical sciences. Hence, in this paper, first we study the dominating set in a fuzzy graph structure from the perspective of the domination number of its fuzzy relationships. Likewise, we determine the domination in terms of neighborhood, degree, and capacity of vertices with some examples. Finally, applications of domination are introduced in fuzzy graph structure.
The Shrank YoloV3-tiny for spinal fracture lesions detection
Authors: Sha Gang , Wu Junsheng , Yu Bin
Published: November 2021

Purpose: at present, more and more deep learning algorithms are used to detect and segment lesions from spinal CT (Computed Tomography) images. But these algorithms usually require computers with high performance and occupy large resources, so they are not suitable for the clinical embedded and mobile devices, which only have limited computational resources and also expect a relative good performance in detecting and segmenting lesions. Methods: in this paper, we present a model based on Yolov3-tiny to detect three spinal fracture lesions, cfracture (cervical fracture), tfracture (thoracic fracture), and lfracture (lumbar fracture) with a small size model. We construct this novel model by replacing the traditional convolutional layers in YoloV3-tiny with fire modules from SqueezeNet, so as to reduce the parameters and model size, meanwhile get accurate lesions detection. Then we remove the batch normalization layers in the fire modules after the comparative experiments, though the overall performance of fire module without batch normalization layers is slightly improved, we can reduce computation complexity and low occupations of computer resources for fast lesions detection. Results: the experiments show that the shrank model only has a size of 13 MB (almost a third of Yolov3-tiny), while the mAP (mean Average Precsion) is 91.3%, and IOU (intersection over union) is 90.7. The detection time is 0.015 second per CT image, and BFLOP/s (Billion Floating Point Operations per Second) value is less than Yolov3-tiny. Conclusion: the model we presented can be deployed in clinical embedded and mobile devices, meanwhile has a relative accurate and rapid real-time lesions detection.
Insights on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson’s Disease from a Regional Swedish Case-Control Cohort
Authors: Brolin Kajsa , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Widner Håkan , Odin Per , Hansson Oskar , Puschmann Andreas , Swanberg Maria
Published: November 2021

Background: Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be more or less relevant to a population due to population-specific genetic architecture, local lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures. Therefore, it is essential to study PD at a local, regional, and continental scale in order to increase the knowledge on disease etiology. Objective: We aimed to investigate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to PD in a new Swedish case-control cohort. Methods: PD patients (n = 929) and matched population-based controls (n = 935) from the southernmost county in Sweden were included in the cohort. Information on environmental exposures was obtained using questionnaires at inclusion. Genetic analyses included a genome-wide association study (GWAS), haplotype assessment, and a risk profile analysis using cumulative genetic risk scores. Results: The cohort is a representative PD case-control cohort (64% men, mean age at diagnosis = 67 years, median Hoehn and Yahr score 2.0), in which previously reported associations between PD and environmental factors, such as tobacco, could be confirmed. We describe the first GWAS of PD solely composed of PD patients from Sweden, and confirm associations to well-established risk alleles in SNCA. In addition, we nominate an unconfirmed and potentially population-specific genome-wide significant association in the PLPP4 locus (rs12771445). Conclusion: This work provides an in-depth description of a new PD case-control cohort from southern Sweden, giving insights into environmental and genetic risk factors for PD in the Swedish population.
The main indicators of compliance with the production standards and storage conditions of honey
Authors: Brandorf Anna , Serebryakova Oksana , Esenkina Svetlana
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The study presents an updated database on the impact of the main technological factors on the content of pollen grains and quality indicators of natural honey: diastase number, hydroxymethylfurfural content and invertase activity. The purpose of the research was to update the database on the impact of the main technological factors on the microscopy and quality indicators of natural honey: diastase number, hydroxymethylfurfural content and invertase activity. Based on the goal, the following tasks were solved: On the basis of the laboratory of the FSC of Beekeeping, production samples of honey were heated at 75 °C for 10 minutes, followed by natural cooling, and filtered through a filter with a cell size of 0.15 mm; they were stored in the production room for a year with a temperature fluctuation in the range from –1 °C to 32 °C. The relevance of the study is to study the main indicator of the quality of honey – invertase activity, changes in the value under the influence of technological and zootechnical factors, with its subsequent introduction into the state standard for natural honey. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the values of invertase activity indicators, the content of hydroxymethylfurfural after heating and filtration of honey were obtained. Methods. The study of the indicators was carried out in accordance with the methods of the state standard GOST 19792-2017. As a result, it was found that heating honey at 75 °C for 10 minutes followed by natural cooling contributes to a decrease in diastase activity by an average of 69.7 ± 6.43 %, a decrease in invertase by an average of 81.0 ± 2.37 %, and an increase in the content of GMF by an average of 79.1 ± 1.74 %. Honey filtration reduces diastase by an average of 11.1 ± 1.47 %, and invertase activity by an average of 11.3 ± 2.34 %. Storage of honey for a year with a temperature fluctuation from –1 °C to 32 °C contributes to a decrease in the activity of diastase by 51.3 ± 5.27 %, invertase by 61.0 ± 1.91 % and an increase in the content of hydroxymethylfurfural by an average of 82.9 ± 1.80 %.
The calculation of the heat control accumulator volume of two-phase heat transfer loop of a spacecraft thermal control system
Authors: Hodunov Artem , Gorbenko Gennady , Gakal Pavel
Published: November 2021

Spacecraft thermal control systems based on two-phase mechanically pumped loops have advantages in terms of mass and power consumption for auxiliary needs compared to single-phase thermal control systems. However, the disadvantage of two-phase mechanically pumped loops is that when changing the heat load and heat removal conditions, when switching from single-phase to two-phase operation mode and vice versa, the amount of working fluid in the loop changes significantly, which requires the use of a large volume heat-controlled accumulator.  Therefore, determining the minimum required volume of the heat-controlled accumulator for the loop operation is an urgent task due to the need to maintain the performance of the l loop at a minimum and maximum heat loads and minimize the mass of the structure and the working fluid charged. When determining the volume of the heat-controlled accumulator, it is necessary to correctly calculate the mass of the fluid in the loop during the two-phase operation mode. The mass of the fluid depends on the void fraction, which depends significantly on the phase slip. Many models and correlations have been proposed to calculate the phase slip factor. However, they all require justification for the parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems and weightlessness conditions.   The paper presents the results of ground-based experiments, based on which the verification of different models and correlations for phase slip was performed. The validation of models and correlations for the conditions of weightlessness was performed by comparing the results with the horizontal and vertical orientation of the elements of the experimental setup. The working fluid is ammonia. The experiments showed that the best coincidence of calculation and experience is provided by Chisholm correlation. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental values did not exceed +/-7% in the entire range of study parameters both for horizontal and vertical orientations, which allow us to recommend the Chisholm correlation for determining the coolant mass in the two-phase mechanically pumped loops for parameters characteristic of spacecraft thermal control systems, including zero-gravity conditions.
Моделювання якісного складу паливно-повітряної суміші у факельному запальнику камер згоряння ГТД
Authors: Торба Юрій Іванович , Павленко Дмитро Вікторович , Манжос Віталій Вікторович
Published: November 2021

The qualitative composition of the fuel-air mixture, which is formed in the torch igniter of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine engine (GTE), determines the efficiency and reliability of their work. The main task of the study is to determine the qualitative composition of the fuel-air mixture near the electric spark plug of the GTE torch igniter depending on its geometric features and engine operation condition. The composition of the mixture was evaluated using analytical, experimental, and numerical methods. According to the analytical model, a significant over-enrichment of the fuel-air mixture in the igniter housing was established and confirmed experimentally. A numerical model was used to determine the fields of mass concentration of fuel particles in the fuel-air mixture in the torch igniter housing, considering the peculiarities of airflow and fuel supply for different combinations of GTE design features and operating conditions. The influence of geometric parameters of the housing and external factors was investigated using the numerical model of stationary combustion of fuel-air mixture, which was prepared in the torch igniter housing of GTE combustion chamber by evaporation and spraying of aviation kerosene particles in the air stream. The implementation of a small-factor experiment allowed to establish the degree of influence of each factor under study and their interaction on the excess air coefficient. The correlation coefficient between the coefficient of excess air near the spark plug and the average flame temperature is set. Given the absence of serial designs of controller torch ignites, it is proposed to use a pulsed fuel supply to control the quality of the fuel-air mixture. Further ways of research to increase the reliability of ignition of both the torch igniter from the electric spark plug and the combustion chamber of GTE from the flame is outlined.
Human disturbance modifies the identity and interaction strength of mammals that consume Attalea butyracea fruit in a neotropical forest
Authors: Delgado-Martínez C. M. , Mendoza E.
Published: November 2021

Habitat loss and hunting are important drivers of mammal defaunation, affecting not only species presence but also their ecological roles. Frugivory is a key biotic interaction in the tropics due to its wide representation among mammals and its effects on forest dynamics. We assessed how human disturbance affects interactions between mammalian frugivores and Attalea butyracea fruit deposited on the forest floor by comparing visits to palms at two sites with contrasting levels of human disturbance (non–disturbed vs. disturbed sites) in the Lacandon rainforest in southern Mexico. Using camera traps, we recorded mammal species interacting with fruit and estimated their interaction strength. The frugivore ensemble was richer in the non–disturbed forest (nine species) than in the disturbed forest (four species), which lacked the largest body–sized mammals. Large–bodied mammals showed a stronger interaction with fruit in terms of the frequency and length of their visits. Our study highlights the need to undertake conservation actions not only to ensure that the species are maintained in disturbed forests but also to ensure that their biotic interactions remain unchanged.