bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: DECOMPOSITION OF OSMIUM TETROXIDE IN ALKALINE SOLUTION BY GAMMA‐RAYS
Authors: ATEN A. H. W. JUN. , KAPTEYN J. C.
Published: November 2023

Der G‐Wert der radiochemischen Reduktion von OsO4 (etwa 1 mmol/l) in 0.03 M NaOH wird zu 1.11 +/‐ 0.05 bestimmt, er ist in weitem Bereich praktisch unabhängig von der OsO4‐ (0.6 bis 5.6 mmol/l) und NaOH‐Konzentration (0.03‐0.06 mol/l).
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (N‐BU4N+)(S3N3‐) AND THE VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE PLANAR SIX‐MEMBERED RING OF THE TRISULFUR TRINITRIDE ANION
Authors: BOJES J. , CHIVERS T. , LAIDLAW W. G. , TRSIC M.
Published: November 2023

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert in P21/n mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CARBANIONS AFFECTED BY NEIGHBORING SULFUR GROUPS. 1. EFFECT OF F THE OXIDATION NUMBER OF SULFUR ATOM ON ION PAIRING AND ELECTRON TRANSFER OF THE ALKALI METAL FLUORENYL CARBANIONS SUBSTITUTED IN 9 POSITION WITH PHENYL SULFUR GROUPS
Authors: NISHI S. , MATSUDA M.
Published: November 2023

Während die UV/VIS‐Absorption der Anionen (Ia) und (Ib) die Bildung von Ionenpaaren erkennen lassen, die für (Ia) bei tiefer Temp. (‐60 bis ‐85°C) in THF lösungs‐ . ′ mittelgetrennt sind und für (Ib) bis zu 77 Kals Kontaktionenpaare vorliegen, zeigt die breite, vom Gegenkation abhängige Absorption von (Ic) eine intramolekulare Elektronenübertragung an (1H‐NMR).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF THE CARBON‐HALOGEN BOND. 9‐FLUORENYL AND BENZHYDRYL HALIDES IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE AT PLATINUM AND VITREOUS CARBON ELECTRODES
Authors: TRIEBE F. M. , BORHANI K. J. , HAWLEY M. D.
Published: November 2023

Die reduktive 2‐Elektronen‐ dehalogenierung der Titelverbindungen (Ib) und (II) in DMF, die über das kurzlebige intermediäre Carbanion wie z.B. (III) verläuft, ergibt in Gegenwart von Diethylmalonat als Protonendonator hauptsächlich den entsprechenden Kohlenwasserstoff IR (Ausb. 59‐93%).
ChemInform Abstract: UNUSUAL KINETICS FOR THE HYDROBORATION OF ALKENES WITH 9‐BORABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANE
Authors: BROWN H. C. , SCOUTEN C. G. , WANG K. K.
Published: November 2023

(III) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPELLANES. XLIX. RELATIVE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF AN UNSUBSTITUTED AND A SUBSTITUTED DIENE SYSTEM IN PROPELLANES AND 1,6‐METHANO(10)ANNULENES
Authors: ASHKENAZI P. , PELED M. , VOGEL E. , GINSBURG D.
Published: November 2023

Die relativen Reaktivitäten der Systeme (I), (VIII) und (XIII) werden untersucht; die Umsetzungen mit den Dienophilen (II), (V) bzw. (XIV) liefern die Produkte (III) (neben (IIIb) auch das Isomere (IV)), (VI) + (VII), (IX) + (X), (XI) + (XII) bzw. (XV) + (XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL DIMERIZATION OF FLAVONES
Authors: YOKOE I. , TAGUCHI M. , SHIRATAKI Y. , KOMATSU M.
Published: November 2023

Photochemical Dimerization of Flavones.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR REACTION OF CARBONYL OXIDE. FORMATION OF A SILYL ESTER IN THE PHOTOSENSITIZED OXYGENATION OF A SILYL DIAZO COMPOUND
Authors: SEKIGUCHI A. , KABE Y. , ANDO W.
Published: November 2023

Das Diazomethan (I) ergibt bei Belichtung in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff und meso‐Tetraphenylporphin (TPP) ein Gemisch aus dem Silylester (II) und dem Silylketon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF ETHOXYCARBONYLNITRENE TOWARD ALCOHOLS
Authors: TORIMOTO N. , SHINGAKI T. , NAGAI T.
Published: November 2023

Azidokohlensäureester (I) liefert ein Nitren (II), das mit Alkoholen (III) zu den Folgeprodukten (IV) und (V) sowie ähnlichen Verbindungen führt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW REAGENTS FOR DEOXYGENATION OF SULFOXIDES: USE OF COMPOUNDS WITH SELENIUM‐BORON BONDS
Authors: CLIVE D. L. J. , MENCHEN S. M.
Published: November 2023

Zur Desoxygenierung von Sulfoxiden eignen sich die Selen‐Bor‐Verbindungen (I) und (II), deren Verwendung im Formelschema beschrieben wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTION OF α‐ETHYLENIC KETALS AND α‐ETHYLENIC ORTHO ESTERS BY GRIGNARD REAGENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF CUPROUS SALTS
Authors: GENDREAU Y. , NORMANT J. F.
Published: November 2023

Die Grignard‐Reaktion der Ketale (I) oder der Dioxolane (IV) führt in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen von Cu(I)‐Salzen zu den β‐alkylierten Enolethern (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 3‐PHENYLACETAMIDOAZETIDINE‐2,4‐DIONES
Authors: KAURA A. C. , STOODLEY R. J.
Published: November 2023

Aus den Lactamen (I) und Brenztraubensäure (II) entstehen unter Ringspaltung die Addukte (III), deren Photolyse zu den Azetidindionen (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF N‐ACYL‐, N‐SULFONYL‐, AND N‐ARYLSULFILIMINES TO SULFOXIMINES BY M‐CHLOROPEROXYBENZOATE ANION
Authors: JUANG S. L. , SWERN D.
Published: November 2023

m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure wird unter alkalischen Bedingungen zur Oxidation der verschiedenen Sulfilimine (I) oder (III) zu den Sulfoximinen (II) bzw. (IV) eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: ARYNIC CONDENSATION OF αβ‐UNSATURATED KETONE ENOLATES
Authors: ESSIZ M. , GUILLAUMET G. , BRUNET J. J. , CAUBERE P.
Published: November 2023

Die Ketonenolate (II) cyclisieren mit Dehydrobenzol zu den Cyclobutanolen (III), die basisch zu den bicyclischen Ketonen (IV) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICALLY ACTIVE α‐ AND β‐NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES. III. SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL PURITY OF 2‐(α‐ AND β‐NAPHTHYL)‐BUTANES
Authors: MENICAGLI R. , PICCOLO O. , LARDICCI L. , WIS M. L.
Published: November 2023

Ausgehend von der optisch aktiven Propionsäure (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib), (Ic), (IIa)‐(IIc) und (IIIa) (übliche Verfahren) das optisch aktive Butan (IIIb) dargestellt; analog wird aus der β‐Naphthylpropionsäure (IVa) das Isomere (VIb) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE STEP SYNTHESIS OF OCTALONES OR INDANONES BY FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS ACYLATION
Authors: BOUNKHALA Z. , HACINI S. , PARDO R. , SANTELLI M.
Published: November 2023

Die Cycloalkene (I) ergeben mit Vinylacetylbromid (II) in 70 ‐ 80%iger Gesamtausbeute ein Gemisch der Cyclisierungsprodukte (III) sowie Dienone (IV) und (Vc).
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF ALKENES WITH O‐ETHYLPEROXYCARBONIC ACID GENERATED IN SITU IN AN ALKALINE BIPHASIC SOLVENT SYSTEM
Authors: BACH R. D. , KLEIN M. W. , RYNTZ R. A. , HOLUBKA J. W.
Published: November 2023

Chlorkohlensäureester (1) reagiert mit Wasserstoffperoxid zu dem Perkohlensäureester (II), der zur Epoxidierung verschiedener Olefine eingesetzt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐INITIATED ALKOXYCARBONYL‐HALOGEN β‐ELIMINATION. PART II. A NEW ROUTE TO 3‐SUBSTITUTED 2(5H)‐FURANONES
Authors: PREJZNER J.
Published: November 2023

Die Furanocarbonsäureester (I) werden thermisch unter β‐Eliminierung der Alkoxycarbonylgruppe in die Titelverbindungen (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: STERICALLY CROWDED FIVE‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS. PART I. SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLENE DERIVATIVES OF AZOLIDYNE AND OXOLANE
Authors: NAZARSKI R. , SKOLIMOWSKI J. , SKOWRONSKI R.
Published: November 2023

Ausgehend von den 3‐Ketoverbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) werden durch Reaktion mit Grignard‐Iotsitch‐Verbindungen bzw. a1uminiumorganischen Verbindungen oder unter Favorskii‐Bedingungen (tabelliert) die Alkohole (IIa)‐(II c) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC 12Π AND 14Π SYSTEMS. 36. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF 3‐HYDROXY‐2H‐NAPHTHOL(1,8‐BC)THIOPHEN‐2‐ONE ‐ AN ISO‐Π‐ELECTRONIC PERI‐9‐HYDROXYPHENALEN‐1‐ONE
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , SEGUIL‐CAMARGO L.
Published: November 2023

Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (VI) erfolgt auf zwei Wegen ausgehend von den Benzothiophenen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF PHTHALALDEHYDE BY TETRACARBONYLHYDRIDOFERRATE. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYLISOINDOLES
Authors: WATANABE Y. , SHIM S. C. , UCHIDA H. , MITSUDO T. , TAKEGAMI Y.
Published: November 2023

Phthalaldehyd (I) reagiert mit prim. Aminen in Gegenwart des Ferrates (III) bei 20°C zu Z‐substituierten Isoindolen und/ oder Isoindolinen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CERTAIN NEW 3‐ACYLAMINO‐S‐TRIAZOLES
Authors: AMINE F. , EL‐BASIL S. , EL‐ZANFALLY S. , KHALIFA M.
Published: November 2023

Da einige Acylamino‐s‐triazol‐ Derivate verschiedene biologische Eigenschaften aufweisen, sie sind zum Beispiel antibakteriell, kardiovaskulär und antiinflammatorisch wirksam, werden aus dem Aminotriazol (I) mit den Säurechloriden (II) die Acylaminotriazole (III) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ROTENOID INTERCONVERSION. SYNTHESIS OF DEGUELIN FROM ROTENONE
Authors: ANZEVENO P. B.
Published: November 2023

Es werden Umwandlungsreaktionen an Rotenon (I) vorgenommen, z.B. die Umwandlung in Deguelin (IV) über die Zwischenstufen (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ORIENTATION OF THE SULFOXIDE BOND AS A STEREOCHEMICAL PROBE. SYNTHESIS AND PROTON AND CARBON‐13 NMR OF SUBSTITUTED THIOPYRANO(4,3‐C)PYRAZOLES
Authors: PUAR M. S. , ROVNYAK G. C. , COHEN A. I. , TOEPLITZ B. , GOUGOUTAS J. Z.
Published: November 2023

Aus d.em Thiopyranon (II) erhält man mit Periodat das Sulfoxid (I), mit Wasserstoffperoxid das Sulfon (III), das mit Benzaldehyd zu (IV) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: BIPYRIDINES. PART X. A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF SOME BIPYRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: BALICKI R. , KACZMAREK L. , NANTKA‐NAMIRSKI P.
Published: November 2023

Werden die Aldehyde (I) mit dem Ketodiester (II) in Gegenwart sek. Amine umgesetzt, so entstehen intermediär die isolierbaren Diketone (III), die sich mit Ammoniumacetat zu den Dihydrobipyridinen (IV) cyclisieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF N‐CARBOETHOXY‐4‐SPIRO‐1,4‐DIHYDROPYRIDINES
Authors: FOSS J. , STEEL F. , RIZVI S. A. A. , FRAENKEL G.
Published: November 2023

Aus den Malonestern (1) entstehen nach Reduktion zu den Diolen (II) deren Tosylate (III),die zu den Dinitrilen (IV) austauschen und dann in die homologen Dicarbonester (V) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 4(3H)‐QUINAZOLINONE SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVES WITH POSSIBLE ANTIMICROBIAL OR HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT
Authors: SOLIMAN R.
Published: November 2023

Die N‐Acylanthranilsäuren (I) kondensieren mit dem Sulfonamid (II) zu den Chinazolinonen (III), die mit Alkylisocyanaten in die Benzolsulfonylharnstoff‐chinazolinone (IV) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS WITH 4H‐3,1‐BENZOXAZIN‐4‐ONE AND SOME STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA
Authors: MAHMOUD M. , EL‐HASHASH M.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktionen der Benzoxazone (I) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTINEOPLASTICS. PART 2. NEW THIAZOLO(1,2,4)TRIAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: IBRAHIM EL S. A. , SHAMS EL DINE S. A. , SOLIMAN F. S. G. , LABOUTA I. M.
Published: November 2023

Die Arylidenbrenztraubensäurehydrazone (I) setzen sich mit den Bromketonen (II) unter Ringschluß über die Thiazole (III) zu den Thiazolotriazinen (IV) um.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROBORATION. 53. CYCLIC HYDROBORATION OF 1,5‐CYCLOOCTADIENE WITH MONOHALOBORANE COMPLEXES. A SIMPLE, CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF B‐HALO‐9‐BORABICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANES
Authors: BROWN H. C. , KULKARNI S. U.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktion der Borhalogenidhydrid‐Komplexe (I) und (II) mit 1,5‐Cyclooctadien (III) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOALLYLIC PHOSPHONATES, USEFUL PRECURSORS FOR 3,4‐EPOXYALKANEPHOSPHONATES
Authors: SAVIGNAC P. , BREQUE A. , MATHEY F.
Published: November 2023

Ausgehend von den Phosphonaten (I) werden durch Metallierung mit Butyllithium und Austausch mit Kupferiodid in situ die Cu‐phosphonate (II) hergestellt, deren Alkylierung mit verschiedenen Allylhalogeniden (III) die Homoallylphosphonate (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE, ONE‐FLASK SYNTHESIS OF PENTACOORDINATE PHOSPHORANES
Authors: CADOGAN J. I. G. , STEWART N. J. , TWEDDLE N. J.
Published: November 2023

Das Dioxaphospholan (I) liefert mit Phenylazid (II) die Verbindung (III), die direkt mit Brenzcatechin (IV) zum Phosphoran (V) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYZED INSERTION REACTIONS OF DIPHENYL DISELENIDE WITH ETHYL DIAZOACETATE AND DIMETHYL DIAZOMALONATE
Authors: PELLICCIARI R. , CURINI M. , CECCHERELLI P. , FRINGUELLI R.
Published: November 2023

Mit Diphenyldiselenid (I) bilden die Diazoverbindungen (II) und (IV) in Gegenwart von Kupferbronze die Einschiebungsprodukte (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐METAL INTERACTIONS IN ONE DIMENSION. 1. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF DITHIOACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES OF PALLADIUM(II)
Authors: PIOVESANA O. , BELLITTO C. , FLAMINI A. , ZANAZZI P. F.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktion von Tetrachloropalladat mit Dithioessigsäure in Diethylether bei Raumtemperatur liefert die Verbindung (I), die in der Raumgruppe C2/ c mit Z=12 kristallisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIAL HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS. 6. HYDROXYLATION OF C‐6‐SUBSTITUTED ANDROST‐4‐ENE‐3,17‐DIONES BY RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS ATCC 11145
Authors: HOLLAND H. L. , DIAKOW P. R. P.
Published: November 2023

Die Androstendione (I) werden durch Rh.a. in 1 1‐Stellung zu den α‐Alkoholen (II) hydroxyliert; unter analogen Bedingungen liefern die Dienonacetate (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) die Produkte (IV und (V) bzw. (Ic), (IId) und (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS. CCXXI. MODEL EXPERIMENTS IN THE SYNTHETIC APPROACH TO STROPHANTHIDIN: THE SYNTHESIS OF 3β,5‐DIHYDROXY‐5β‐CHOLESTAN‐19‐AL
Authors: KOCOVSKY P.
Published: November 2023

Eine 5‐Stufen‐Synthese der Titelverbindung (V) als Modellverbindung für einen einfachen Aufbau des A /B‐ Ringteils vom Strophanthidin (I) ausgehend vom 19‐Hydroxycholesterylacetat (IIa) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. II. PREPARATION OF 2‐AMINOOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES FROM PEPTIDE AMIDES WITH HEXAFLUOROACETIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: ENGELFRIED C. , LUDWIG K. , JAENICHEN H. , KOENIG W. A.
Published: November 2023

Die nach bekannten Methoden dargestellten Peptidamide (I) reagieren mit dem Anhydrid (II) zu den stabilen Oxazolderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE GENERATION OF C‐GLYCOSIDES THROUGH THE ENOLATE CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT
Authors: IRELAND R. E. , WILCOX C. S. , THAISRIVONGS S. , VANIER N. R.
Published: November 2023

Die [3,3]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung von Silylketenacetalen aliphatischer Ester, z.B. (II), von Glykalen, wie (I), führt zu den Säuren (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE ROUTES TO SOME UNSATURATED α‐ AND β‐C‐GLYCOPYRANOSIDES
Authors: FRASER‐REID B. , DAWE R. D. , TULSHIAN D. B.
Published: November 2023

Die Eschenmoser‐Claisen‐Umlagerung des Glykals (I) liefert das α‐C‐Hexenopyranosid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: AN APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF QUADRIGEMINE‐A
Authors: BATTEY P. K. , CROOKES D. L. , SMITH G. F.
Published: November 2023

Zwei Synthesewege für die Verbindung (X), einer möglichen Zwischenstufe für die Synthese der Titelverbindung (XI), werden beschrieben; der günstigere geht vom Tryptamin‐Derivat (Ia) aus und führt über die Stufen (Ib), (II), (IV)‐(VI), (VIII), (IXa) und (IXb)..
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONE SYNTHESIS. XXVIII. STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF ALL OF THE FOUR POSSIBLE STEREOISOMERS OF ERYTHRO‐3,7‐DIMETHYL‐PENTADEC‐2‐YL ACETATE AND PROPIONATE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE PINE SAWFLIES
Authors: MORI K. , TAMADA S.
Published: November 2023

Die vier Stereoisomeren (Ia)‐(Id) werden synthetisiert und a) in die jeweiligen Acetate (IIa) sowie b) in die jeweiligen Propionate (IIb) übergeführt, die auf ihre Pheromonaktivität (Kiefem‐Sägewespe (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)) getestet werden sollen: 1. Ausgehend von der D‐Weinsäure (IIIa) wird über die Stufen (IIIb), (IVa) (bekannte Reaktionen), (IVb)‐(IVe), (V) und (VI) das Epoxid (VII) dargestellt.
Effects of habitats in typical karst areas of Guizhou on ultrastructural morphology of Typhlocybinae
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Jiang Jia , Zhang Ni , Song Yuehua
Published: November 2023

Biology and the environment are inextricably linked. Insects are intricately linked to their habitats as part of the ecosystem. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed two sensilla chaetica, several sensilla trichodea, and at least one sensilla basiconicum on the antennae of typhlocybine insects. There were no sensilla on the labrum; however, the surface morphology was different. There were more sensilla trichodea on the surface, mostly symmetrically distributed along the labial groove, and there was little difference in the structure of the stylet fascicle. The correlation between the sensilla number on the body surface of typhlocybine insects and environmental factors in the 3 study areas was as follows: Huajiang > Bijie > Shibing, which is consistent with the classification of rocky desertification grade; that is, the higher the rocky desertification grade, the greater the sensilla number on leafhoppers affected by the environment. The correlation between the number of leafhoppers and environmental factors in the 3 months was as follows: end of September > end of May > end of July, which was consistent with the changing temperature trends. The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the morphological characteristics of leafhoppers and explore the potential value of insect surface ultra‐morphology for use by humans.
A precise asymptotic description of half‐linear differential equations
Authors: Řehák Pavel
Published: November 2023

We study asymptotic behavior of solutions of nonoscillatory second‐order half‐linear differential equations. We give (in some sense optimal) conditions that guarantee generalized regular variation of all solutions, where no sign condition on the potential is assumed. For all of these solutions, we establish precise asymptotic formulas, where positive as well as negative potential is considered. We examine, as consequences, also equations with regularly varying coefficients, or with the coefficients viewed as perturbations of exponentials, or the equations under certain critical (double roots) settings. We make also asymptotic analysis of Poincaré–Perron solutions. Many of our results are new even in the linear case.
Mixed weak‐type inequalities in Euclidean spaces and in spaces of the homogeneous type
Authors: Ibañez‐Firnkorn Gonzalo , Rivera‐Ríos Israel Pablo
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we provide mixed weak‐type inequalities generalizing previous results in an earlier work by Caldarelli and the second author and also in the spirit of earlier results by Lorente et al. One of the main novelties is that, besides obtaining estimates in the Euclidean setting, results are provided as well in spaces of the homogeneous type, being the first mixed weak‐type estimates that we are aware of in that setting.
Cost Burden of Rigid Internal Fixation in Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Shaye David A. , Nwosu Obinna , Ncogoza Isaie , Nyabyenda Victor , Tuyishimire Gratien , Manana Wayne , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju
Published: November 2023

Fractures of the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton cause significant morbidity and mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite this, quality CMF trauma care is lacking for the majority of the world's population. There is a paucity of literature describing the costs of standard‐of‐care open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for CMF fractures in LMICs. We consider the cost of a six‐hole plate with six screws (SHPS), standard materials used in ORIF for CMF fractures, as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita to ascertain the cost burden to patients. Hospital pricing catalog data at 14 LMIC institutions were queried. On average, the SHPS cost represented 10.2% of the GDP per capita in sampled LMICs. We highlight manufacturing costs, import taxes, and lack of subsidized health care as factors contributing to the significant cost burden of ORIF in these areas. Future work should characterize additional financial and socioeconomic barriers to optimal CMF care.
Miscibility‐Driven Morphology Tuning as the Critical Role for Designing Efficient Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Ye Shounuan , Li Shuixing , Fu Yuang , Zheng Xiangjun , Wang Shanlu , Pan Youwen , Ma De-Li , Lu Xinhui , Li Chang-Zhi , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng
Published: November 2023

A clear understanding of the structure–performance relationship is important for promoting the evolution of designing efficient nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs). Inspired by the above intention, herein, a side‐by‐side study is carried out based on three newly developed NFREAs by regulating rigid conjugation and flexible side chains, yielding PhNT‐4Cl, PhNC‐4Cl, and PhNP‐4Cl. It is unveiled that reduced miscibility by extending rigid conjugation can help to form nanofiber features, thus allowing high crystallinity, and a hindered overaggregation tendency by increasing steric hindrance of flexible side chain can help to form suitable domain sizes, thus avoiding severe charge recombination. As a result, PhNC‐4Cl with cyclopentadithiophene building block and branched alkyl side chains achieves a good balance in the earlier two aspects, thus enabling a higher efficiency of 14.01% with both higher photocurrent and fill factor, relative to PhNT‐4Cl (6.95%) and PhNP‐4Cl (6.31%). This work points out the critical role of miscibility‐driven morphology tuning on the device performance, thus guiding the molecular design toward efficient NFREAs.
Enhancing the chimp optimization algorithm to evolve deep LSTMs for accounting profit prediction using adaptive pair reinforced technique
Authors: Yang Chengchen , Wu Tong , Zeng Lingzhuo
Published: November 2023

Accurately predicting accounting profit (PAP) plays a vital role in financial analysis and decision-making for businesses. The analysis of a business’s financial achievements offers significant insights and aids in the formulation of strategic plans. This research paper focuses on improving the chimp optimization algorithm (CHOA) to evolve deep long short-term memory (LSTM) models specifically for financial accounting profit prediction. The proposed hybrid approach combines CHOA’s global search capabilities with deep LSTMs’ sequential modeling abilities, considering both the global and temporal aspects of financial data to enhance prediction accuracy. To overcome CHOA’s tendency to get stuck in local minima, a novel updating technique called adaptive pair reinforced (APR) is introduced, resulting in APRCHOA. In addition to well-known conventional prediction models, this study develops five deep LSTM-based models, namely conventional deep LSTM, CHOA (deep LSTM-CHOA), adaptive reinforcement-based genetic algorithm (deep LSTM-ARGA), marine predator algorithm (deep LSTM-MPA), and adaptive reinforced whale optimization algorithm (deep LSTM-ARWOA). To comprehensively evaluate their effectiveness, the developed deep LSTM-APRCHOA models are assessed using statistical error metrics, namely root mean square error (RMSE), bias, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSEF). In the validation set, at a lead time of 1 h, the NSEF values for LSTM, LSTM-MPA, LSTM-CHOA, LSTM-ARGA, LSTM-ARWOA, and deep LSTM-APRCHOA were 0.9100, 0.9312, 0.9350, 0.9650, 0.9722, and 0.9801, respectively. The results indicate that among these models, deep LSTM-APRCHOA demonstrates the highest accuracy for financial profit prediction.
Binder Content and Storing Conditions of Inorganically-Bound Foundry Cores Determine the Intensity and Onset Time of Gas Release in Metal Casting
Authors: Kammerloher Simon , Kirchebner Benedikt , Reberger Erwin , Weidner Christoph , Volk Wolfram , Lechner Philipp
Published: November 2023

Organically-bound foundry cores are substituted by inorganically-bound cores increasingly. This trend is due to regulatory efforts, workplace safety issues, and increasing costs for waste deposits. Changing the binder system reduces the emissions to mostly water vapor, solving health and safety issues. Yet, the difference in the behavior of the gas phase, namely, the condensation potential of water, changes the casting process drastically. In contrast with the continuous generation and discharge of combustion products in the case of organic binders, water accumulates within the foundry core. Only once the cold spots of the core reach boiling temperature noteworthy amounts of vapor are created, increasing the chance for gas defects of the cast parts. Countermeasures have to be taken when designing the core’s geometry. We conducted the following research to improve the understanding of core gas release and its interactions with the foundry core’s binder content and storage conditions. Both binder content and relative humidity during storage were varied in three steps. Their influence on the core gas amount, time of gas generation, and gas permeability of the cores were investigated. The experiments were performed in the institute’s Induction Analysis Furnace and an aluminum melt bath. We found a strong dependency of storage humidity, further increased by increasing binder content on the gas amount and time of the gas release.
Modelling how negative plant–soil feedbacks across life stages affect the spatial patterning of trees
Authors: Iuorio Annalisa , Eppinga Maarten B. , Baudena Mara , Veerman Frits , Rietkerk Max , Giannino Francesco
Published: November 2023

In this work, we theoretically explore how litter decomposition processes and soil-borne pathogens contribute to negative plant–soil feedbacks, in particular in transient and stable spatial organisation of tropical forest trees and seedlings known as Janzen-Connell distributions. By considering soil-borne pathogens and autotoxicity both separately and in combination in a phenomenological model, we can study how both factors may affect transient dynamics and emerging Janzen–Connell distributions. We also identify parameter regimes associated with different long-term behaviours. Moreover, we compare how the strength of negative plant–soil feedbacks was mediated by tree germination and growth strategies, using a combination of analytical approaches and numerical simulations. Our interdisciplinary investigation, motivated by an ecological question, allows us to construct important links between local feedbacks, spatial self-organisation, and community assembly. Our model analyses contribute to understanding the drivers of biodiversity in tropical ecosystems, by disentangling the abilities of two potential mechanisms to generate Janzen-Connell distributions. Furthermore, our theoretical results may help guiding future field data analyses by identifying spatial signatures in adult tree and seedling distribution data that may reflect the presence of particular plant–soil feedback mechanisms.
An intelligent remote sensing image quality inspection system
Authors: Yu Yijiong , Wang Tao , Ran Kang , Li Chang , Wu Hao
Published: November 2023

Due to the inevitable presence of quality problems, quality inspection of remote sensing images is indeed an indispensable step between the acquisition and the application of them. However, traditional manual inspection suffers from low efficiency. Hence, we propose a novel deep learning‐based two‐step intelligent system consisting of multiple advanced computer vision models, which first performs image classification by SwinV2 and then accordingly adopts the most appropriate method, such as semantic segmentation by Segformer, to localize the quality problems. Results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance and efficiency, surpassing traditional methods. Furthermore, an initial exploration of applying multimodal models to remote sensing image quality inspection is conducted.
Reproductive biology of the introduced red-swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae) in western Japan
Authors: Luong Quang-Tuong , Shiraishi Rika , Kawai Tadashi , Katsuhara Koki R , Nakata Kazuyoshi
Published: November 2023

The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) has been responsible for negative impacts on native benthic fauna and flora in invaded freshwater ecosystems around the world, including Japan. We need to clarify the reproductive biology in the invaded habitats as basic information to effectively control the introduced populations, but the reproductive biology of P. clarkii in Japan (especially in western Japan) has not been well studied. We conducted monthly samplings of P. clarkii from November 2015 to November 2016 in a pond (which does not freeze, even in winter) in Okayama, western Japan, both by using shrimp cage traps and by hand nets to examine aspects of the reproduction, including a form alternation (i.e., Form I and II). We also reared spawning females in the laboratory and calculated the accumulated water temperature during the period to Stage-3 juveniles after spawning. The total number of individuals caught throughout the study period was 6,319 (2,601 males and 2,777 females, with eight of unknown sex and 933 juveniles). The males were all Form I with a breeding status from September to November 2016. We first found ovigerous females in July 2016 and females carrying hatchlings in October 2016, even in January 2016. The form alternation in males was confirmed not only in the cheliped length, but in the hook length. In laboratory observations, approximately 52 days with approximately 1,222 °C degree-days of the accumulated water temperature were necessary to Stage-3 juveniles after spawning. Our results indicate that P. clarkii can reproduce within approximately five months of hatching.
Introduction
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

This Book Endeavor Began Ten Years Ago When A Social Work Educator in one state and a child welfare director of training in another, unaware at the time of each other’s existence, recognized that both child welfare social work masters students in a part-time program and child welfare professionals working in the field were experiencing problems associated with their work. While an abundance of literature suggested that burnout is a problem for the child welfare professional, it seemed to both of these independent observers that the problem might be more than burnout, or perhaps something entirely different. Burnout is most often associated with high stress coupled with heavy demands and low personal and professional reward in the workplace. These are conditions inherent in child welfare work. Burnout is a phenomenon that occurs gradually. It takes time to burn out, and some of the students and child welfare workers with whom the authors were working were relatively new to the field of child protection. However, they still seemed to be experiencing problems associated with the work. When Charles Figley’s Compas- sion Fatigue (1995), which addressed secondary traumatic stress (STS), was published, the question was raised whether or not these child welfare students and workers were experiencing STS.
Traumatic Stress in Child Welfare
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

Traumatic Stress And Child Welfare Are Likely Paired Terms, And It would seem obvious that the relationship between the two would have been explored since the beginning of professional involvement with abused and neglected children. The literature, however, is not replete with studies of traumatic stress and child welfare. On the contrary, the discussion and study of problems associated with social workers being affected by indirect trauma is relatively new (Bride, 2004; Figley, 1995; Pearlman & Saakvitne, 1995). In a review of the literature, Bride found only fifteen published studies of empirical research on secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization in psychosocial service providers.
Educating Child Welfare Workers about Secondary Traumatic Stress
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

Learning To Cope And To Have A Strong Social Support System Is crucial to managing the effects of the traumatic stress of child welfare work. What complicates coping and social support for child welfare workers is that there is a need to have a professional support system and, at the same time, a separate, but equally important, support system of family and friends. Legal issues and the need to maintain clients’ confidentiality prevent child welfare workers from being able to discuss their work with friends and family. Telling family and friends that you had a hard day at work may be all that can be shared. The worker is not able to say, “I in- terviewed a five-year-old little girl today who had been sexually molested by five different men who were also having sex with the child’s mom, but the mom was drunk and passed out, and then I listened to an eight-year-old boy tell me that his step- father burns him with cigarettes, and then I was called by the hospital because the emergency room had just admitted a baby who had been shaken and had head injuries. The baby will probably die or be a vegetable because the mom lost her temper.
Traumatic Stress and Child Welfare Administration
Authors: Pryce Josephine G , Shackelford Kimberly K , Pryce David H
Published: November 2023

Discussions About Organizational Climate And Culture Are Not commonly found in social work or child welfare literature. These two concepts of- fer a means to understand the work environment and the potential for organization administrators to positively influence the motivation and behavior of workers. Os- borne and Gaebler (1992) found that workplace cultures are successful when they value results over process and focus on mission instead of policies that define practice. Such organizations give workers independence to do their work and also value workers’ use of their professional judgment. Glisson’s (2000) review of research found evidence that supported the concepts of climate and culture as essential to organizational performance.
Drugs and old people: recent advances in geriatric pharmacology
Authors: Offerhaus L
Published: November 2023

Practically every clinician has at one time or another had the experience that the request to an elderly patient to have his medicines brought from home will produce a great number of old boxes, pots. and bottles. One wonders whether all these drugs were really necessary and how it was ever possible that no apparent adverse events were caused by this overload. If after reducing the drug intake to the essentials the patient’s health and appetite slowly improve, and he (or she) appears less drowsy and confused, the conclusion that some doctors do more harm than good with drugs seems justified.
Role of primary health care for the elderly
Authors: Andrews Gary
Published: November 2023

Following the Alma-Ata declaration of 1978, primary health care as a concept has been increasingly proposed as a basis for review of the organization of comprehensive health services in both developed and developing countries. The Alma-Ata report described primary health care in the following terms:
Educating lay persons about the care of the elderly
Authors: De Lehr Esther Contreras
Published: November 2023

The organization of formal health and social services is frequently complex and subject to bureaucratic rules and professional procedures. Moreover, in developing countries, health services are available to only a small minority of the aging population owing to financial constraints. However, a solution must be found for the growing number of the aged who require appropriate care for their needs. Such a solution is already being sought through the informal health care system, which is made up of lay persons. These groups, however, require better preparation and greater awareness of everything involved in the aging process so that they can provide care for the elderly on a sounder basis.
Educating health professionals in the care of the elderly
Authors: Ewan Christine
Published: November 2023

Aging of populations is a world-wide phenomenon. Population aging gives rise to a greater need for health professionals and the community in general to provide support for individuals with chronic multifaceted illness and mobility problems.
Planning for health personnel needed to serve elderly persons
Authors: Zwick Daniel I , Franklin Williams T
Published: November 2023

Planning for health professionals and other personnel needed to serve older persons must combine hard facts about the present with creative thinking about the future. This work must be based on up-to-date information concerning existing conditions with respect to elderly populations and their caregivers. It must also be extended and enriched by very careful consideration of potential changes which may affect their status and needs in future years.
Planning more suitable environments for the elderly
Authors: Vellas Bruno , Vellas Patrick , Albarede Jean-Louis
Published: November 2023

The course of life is characterized first by an extension and then by a reduction in the sphere of social and vital activity. The process of aging is accompanied by progressive reduction in vital activity, as the space in which elderly people move on leaving the house becomes restricted.
Ethical issues and the care of the elderly
Authors: Caplan Aarthur L
Published: November 2023

The field of bioethics has grown almost exponentially during the past two decades. Health care ethics was once terrain where only a few intellectually daring theologians and physicians were willing to explore. Today the intellectual landscape is flush with hordes of philosophers, lawyers, social scientists, historians, and all manner of health professionals. They are dragging along with them all of the accoutrements requisite for comfort in alien intellectual environments—journals, yearbooks, encyclopedias, conferences, anthologies, textbooks, professional societies, etc.
Application of ergonomics to developing countries
Authors: Ong C N , Kogi K
Published: November 2023

The term ergonomics is derived from two Greek words, ‘ergon’ meaning work and ‘nomos’ meaning law or rule. One of the simplest definitions of ergonomics is ‘the science of making the job fit the worker’. Another definition is that it is ‘the study of man in his working environment’. The terms ‘ergonomics’ and ‘human factors’ are often used synonymously in the USA and Canada. The International Labour Organisation (IL O) defines ergonomics as ‘the application of human biological sciences in conjunction with engineering sciences to the worker and his working environment, so as to obtain maximum satisfaction for the worker which, at the same time, enhances productivity’. Ergonomics can, therefore, be regarded as a science which is concerned with the primary aim of adaptation of work to the physical and psychological capabilities and limitations of man.
Occupational lung diseases—vegetable dusts
Authors: Uragoda C G
Published: November 2023

Vegetable dusts may be defined as aerosols derived from plants emitted into the air during harvesting, processing, manufacture, and other related procedures. In addition to vegetable matter itself, these dusts may contain extraneous constituents such as biological contaminants, bacteria, and fungi, which are responsible for some of the pulmonary disorders. Insect components may also be present. Free silica derived from the soil is a common contaminant, but its coarse grains are unlikely to cause disease. Vegetable matter itself may contain biologically active principles such as histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, peptides, and aflatoxins. Herbicides and pesticides may also be present as chemicals introduced by man. An example of such a complex aerosol is grain dust.
The export of industrial hazards to developing countries
Authors: Ladou J
Published: November 2023

The twentieth century has seen more technological advances than have occurred in the entire recorded history of mankind. New technologies, processes, and chemicals have proliferated year by year. Some have improved life, but many more threaten both human and animal life and the environment. The industrialized nations have been, and continue to be, largely responsible for this proliferation of hazards, and are now shipping them to less-developed nations. If steps are not taken to halt this trend, the mismanagement of hazardous industries and their waste products will seriously affect public health.
Health education and health promotion at the workplace
Authors: Chia K S , Koh D
Published: November 2023

Many developing countries are caught in the vicious cycle of low productivity, low income, undernutrition and disease, and low work capacity. Low educational level and lack of housing and other public amenities aggravate the situation even further. Many of these countries have agriculture-based economies with up to 90 per cent of the economically active population engaging in subsistence agriculture. Of those that are rapidly industrializing, up to half the industrial enterprises are considered small-scale.
Tularaemia
Authors: Pearson Andrew
Published: November 2023

Tularaemia is a plague-like disease of animals and man caused by Francisella species. Sporadic human infection occurs in residents and travellers to endemic areas and may cause epidemics at times of rodent increase. Transmission is from bites of ticks and mosquitoes; water-borne outbreaks occur from drinking water in rural areas. Airborne outbreaks arise from moving rodent-contaminated hay, when threshing corn, or from laboratory accidents.
Other Trematode Infections
Authors: Lloyd S , Soulsby E J L
Published: November 2023

A large variety of zoonotic trematodes produce at least 40 million human infections worldwide. Most infections occur in Asia, particularly the Far East and South- East Asia. Man may be an important definitive host or acquire infection only rarely. The life cycle involves an egg from which the miracidium hatches either into water or after ingestion by the first intermediate host, a snail. Snails are aquatic in fresh or brackish water, occasionally they are semiaquatic (Fasciola) or land (Dicrocoelium) snails.
Crisis of Empire
Authors: Gildea Robert
Published: November 2023

In 1945 France was a great power that had come within an ace of extinction. In 1940 it had suffered the worst defeat in its history, overwhelmed within the space of six weeks. It had been occupied by the Germans (and in small part by the Italians) for four years, the so-called unoccupied zone in the south itself invaded in November 1942. Despite the internal Resistance and combats of the Free French, it was liberated only with the help of the Allies, and was lucky to escape an Allied military administration of the kind that was imposed ort Germany.

Defeat was compounded by the time the Allies took to recognize de Gaulle’s provisional government as the legitimate government of France. The USA in particular had long hoped that the Vichy government would at some point end its policy of collaboration with Germany and swing onto its side. Not until after the Liberation of Paris in August 1944 was the French Committee of National Liberation officially recognized by the USA, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, and France admitted to the Security Council of the newly formed United Nations along with these three powers and China. Even then, France was not admitted to the secret talks of the Allies about the post-war settlement.
Introduction to Tzvetan Todorov
Authors: Ferguson Niall
Published: November 2023

Professor Tzvetan Todorov is Director of Research at the Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques in Paris, where he has lived since 1963. Besides his many books—I counted 63 entries in the Bodleian Library’s electronic catalogue—he has accumulated an impressive haul of academic honours: among them the Charles Leveque Prize of the Acadéemie des Sciences Morales et Politiques and the first Maugean Prize of the Académie Française. He also is an Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
Introduction
Authors: Gibney Matthew J
Published: November 2023

Not long ago I was talking with an American-based Chinese anthropologist who had just presented a paper on the changing relationship between the people and state authorities in China. To illustrate the new terms of this relationship, he explained how it was increasingly common for those under arrest in China to appeal to their ‘rights’ when confronted by the police. He attributed this development to the powerful influence of imported television crime dramas, like Starsky and Hutch and Hawaii 5–0, on the country’s population. Taking their cue from the dubious characters apprehended by TV cops, the Chinese people were now vocally letting the authorities know that they too had rights. In a state renowned for its brutal suppression of freedom of speech, television had, ironically, elevated the ‘right to remain silent’ to popular prominence.
Response to Appiah
Authors: Rorty Richard
Published: November 2023

I agree with Anthony Appiah that ‘a world of cultural and social variety’ is ‘an essential precondition for the self-creation that is the heart of an individual human life’. But I am not sure about his next sentence: ‘And all of this, remember, is the working out of the notion that we are creatures equal in dignity.’

In a liberal cosmopolitan global society of the sort Appiah and I both hope for, all human beings will be treated as having dignity. But I do not see much point in saying that they are now, before such a society has been achieved, all equal in dignity. This doubt is a result of my more general suspicion of arguments of the form ‘We ought to seek to establish a utopia of the following sort, because such-and-such is presently the truth about us.’ My attitude is: let’s try to figure out what kind of utopia we want, and let the truths about us be whatever we have to believe in order to work together for its creation. To put it crudely, let your view of human dignity fall out from your politics; don’t milk your politics out of such a view.
Danger Again
Authors: Nazaroff Paul
Published: November 2023

In these reed-beds of the Chu there are deer and roe; wild sheep come down in winter and boar are particularly plentiful; tiger are still to be found, and the saigá (Saiga tartarica) antelope seeks refuge there from the blinding blizzards of the steppes. This is a most interesting animal, the last representative of an extensive group of antelopes with snouts which were numerous in the Miocene Period. The best known is the Sivatherium, a huge creature with a small trunk, found in the tertiary deposits of the Sewalik Hills in India.
The reveries of Keknlé
Authors: Gratzer Walter
Published: November 2023

August Kekulé von Stradonitz was one of the founders of structural organic chemistry. Born in Darmstadt in 1829, he studied at the Lniversity ofGiessen with Justus von Liebig, greatest of all organic chemists, then in France, and finally in England. He later took the chair of chemistry at the Lniversity of Ghent and then in 1865 he moved to Bonn, where he remained for the rest of his life.
David Hilbert’s eulogy
Authors: Gratzer Walter
Published: November 2023

David Hilbert (1862-1943) was a renowned German mathematician, head of the Mathematical Institute at the University of Gottingen, which then har boured the most remarkable galaxy of talent in that subject in the world. An old man when the Nazis rose to power, he forthrightly opposed the dismissal of his Jewish colleagues.
The Pauli principle
Authors: Gratzer Walter
Published: November 2023

Wolfgang Pauli (1900-58)was one of the titans who presided over theoretical physics during its golden age in the early decades of the twentieth century. He was celebrated not only for his devastating intelligence but also for his indiscriminate rudeness, or perhaps more properly unyielding candour. He became known in his profession as The scourge of the Lord’. According to Victor Weisskopf [95], who served a happy term as Pauli’s assistant, one could ask him any question without worrying whether he might think it idiotic, for Pauli found all questions idiotic. In his most accommodating mood, and while still a student, Pauli began his remarks in the discussion that followed a lecture by Albert Einstein: ‘You know, what Einstein says is not so stupid!’ Weisskopf recalled what happened when he arrived in Zurich and called on Pauli in his office.