bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Knowledge and Behaviour of Self-Medication of Pain Drugs at Apotek X in Denpasar City
Authors: Maharianingsih Ni Made , Jasmiantini Ni Luh Mia , Reganata Gde Palguna , Suryaningsih Ni Putu Aryati , Widowati I Gusti Ayu Rai
Published: April 2022

Self-medication behavior is usually carried out to deal with complaints and minor ailments that many people experience, such as fever, pain, dizziness, cough, influenza, stomach ulcers, intestinal worms, diarrhea, skin diseases and others. The formation of behavior is influenced by knowledge. Behavior can be researched using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) method. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of self-medication of analgesic medication at Pharmacy X in Denpasar City. This study uses a survey method with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study used the convenience sampling method with the number of respondents in this study as many as 276 people with inclusion criteria, namely respondents who used pain medication without a doctor's prescription, aged 15-65 years, could read and write, were willing to fill out a questionnaire while the exclusion criteria were respondents with mental and physical disabilities.The instrument used in this study was a self-medication knowledge and behavior questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability with valid and reliable results. The data obtained were analyzed by the Somers'd correlation method because both use an ordinal scale. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the respondents was high 37,3%, moderate 33,7%, and low 29%. Respondents' behavior was divided into 3 categories of TPB, attitudes towards behavior with moderate results (47,1%), subjective norms with high results (43,1%) and behavioral control with high results (48,9%). The results of the correlation test show a significance value (p-value) of 0.000 (p<0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of self-medication of analgesic medication at Pharmacy X in Denpasar City.
Linguistic Landscape in the West Bank: Road Signs as Manifestations of Occupation
Authors: Ujvari Montaser Motia
Published: April 2022

This study investigates road signs put in place by Israel in Area C in the occupied West Bank.  It discusses how language on road signs in the West Bank serve as tool that enforces Israeli dominance over the area and blurs the Palestinian existence. This dominance is reflected in the excessive placement of signs referring to Israeli settlements compared to signs referring to Palestinian communities, transliteration of Arabic names of sites into Hebrew, and deletion of Arabic, a language associated with the Palestinian identity, from road signs. In addition, this paper demonstrates how the exclusion of Arabic from road signs, especially brown signs referring to tourist attractions, serves as a barrier that aims at limiting Palestinians’ access to some parts of the West Bank and shows Israeli discriminatory practices against Palestinians. Moreover, this paper explains how warning signs at Israeli checkpoint construct the concept of the “Palestinian islands” by dividing the West Bank into disconnected enclaves surrounded by an ocean of Area C making the idea of establishing an independent Palestinian state seem impossible. Finally, this study records instances of Palestinians’ resistance to Israel through vandalism of signs that were placed by the Israeli authorities in Area C.
Outcome of pars plana vitrectomy with pre-operative intra vitreal bevacizumab in diabetic patients with vitreous haemorrhage
Authors: Mustafa Alina , Siddiq Saqib , Shahbaz Maha , Ihsan Khawaja Mohsin , Shah Syed Raza Ali , Waheed Khalid
Published: April 2022

Background: Intravitreal bevacizumab causes regression of retinal neo vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy as it is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF). So this study was done to observe the effect of pre-operative intravitreal bevacizumab on intra operative outcome when administered in patients with vitreous hemorrhage undergoing pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV).Patients and methods: This quasi-experimental trial was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology Services Hospital Lahore from June 2020 to December 2020. Fifty seven diabetic patients with vitreous hemorrhage were selected who were eligible for PPV. Patients with recurrent hemorrhage were not included. Demographics were recorded and all patients were given intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) one week prior to vitrectomy and intra-operative bleeding was noted. Intra-operative bleeding was graded as No, Mild and Severe bleeding.Results: The mean age of patients undergoing PPV was 55.36 ± 4.62 years. There were 35 (61%) males and 22 (39%) females. The mean duration of diabetes was 10.35±1.92 years. Out of 57 eyes, 36 (63.15%) had no bleeding, 11 (19.29%) had mild and 10 (17.54%) had severe intra-operative bleeding.Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab prior to PPV is quite effective in reducing the risk of intra-operative bleeding in patients with vitreous hemorrhage.
Compressed optical image encryption in the diffractive-imaging-based scheme by input plane and output plane random sampling
Authors: Shujia Wan  , Qiong Gong  , Hongjuan Wang  , Shibang Ma  , Yi Qin
Published: April 2022

The successful recovery of the plaintext in the simplified diffractive-imaging-based encryption (S-DIBE) scheme needs to record one intact axial intensity map as the ciphertext. By aid of compressive sensing, we propose here a new image encryption approach, referred to as compressed DIBE (C-DIBE), which allows further compression of the intensity map. The plaintext is sampled before being sent to DIBE. Afterwards, the intensity map recorded by the CCD camera is also processed by such sampling operation to generate the ciphertext. For decryption, we first obtain the sparse plaintext using the proposed phase retrieval algorithm, and then reobtain the primary plaintext from it via compressive sensing. Numerical results show that a proper proportion of the intensity map (e.g. 50%) is enough to totally recover a grayscale image. We achieve multiple-image encryption by space multiplexing without enlarging the size of the ciphertext. The robustness of C-DIBE against brute-force attack evidently outperforms S-DIBE due to the extended key space. Numerical simulation has been presented to confirm the proposal.
Dissipative soliton resonance and noise-like pulse generation of large normal dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Yuzhai Pan  , Haoxue Qiu  , Tianqi Zhang  , Wenjun Liu  , Jieguang Miao  , Tian Zhaoshuo
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate two types of dissipative soliton resonant (DSR) and noise-like pulse (NLP) in a mode-locked fiber laser using the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). By appropriately adjusting the polarization states, the switchable generation of DSR and NLP can be achieved from one mode-locked fiber laser. By adjusting the pump power, the pulse width of DSR increases gradually from 2.45 to 13.35 ns with a constant peak intensity, while the NLP just has a little increase, even splitting into two narrower pulses at higher pump power. Two types of DSR and NLP have the same pulse periods of 1.29 μs, corresponding to the cavity length of the fiber laser. The obtained results display the evolution process of DSR pulse and NLP in mode-locked fiber laser and have some application in optical sensing, spectral reflectometry, micromachining, and other relative domains.
Improved Bounds for Weak Coloring Numbers
Authors: Joret Gwenaël , Micek Piotr
Published: April 2022

Weak coloring numbers generalize the notion of degeneracy of a graph. They were introduced by Kierstead & Yang in the context of games on graphs. Recently, several connections have been uncovered between weak coloring numbers and various parameters studied in graph minor theory and its generalizations. In this note, we show that for every fixed $k\geq1$, the maximum $r$-th weak coloring number of a graph with simple treewidth $k$ is $\Theta(r^{k-1}\log r)$. As a corollary, we improve the lower bound on the maximum $r$-th weak coloring number of planar graphs from $\Omega(r^2)$ to $\Omega(r^2\log r)$, and we obtain a tight bound of $\Theta(r\log r)$ for outerplanar graphs.
Further Approximations for Aharoni's Rainbow Generalization of the Caccetta-Häggkvist Conjecture
Authors: Hompe Patrick , Spirkl Sophie
Published: April 2022

For a digraph $G$ and $v \in V(G)$, let $\delta^+(v)$ be the number of out-neighbors of $v$ in $G$. The Caccetta-Häggkvist conjecture states that for all $k \ge 1$, if $G$ is a digraph with $n = |V(G)|$ such that $\delta^+(v) \ge k$ for all $v \in V(G)$, then $G$ contains a directed cycle of length at most $\lceil n/k \rceil$. Aharoni proposed a generalization of this conjecture, that a simple edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices with $n$ color classes, each of size $k$, has a rainbow cycle of length at most $\lceil n/k \rceil$. With Pelikánová and Pokorná, we showed that this conjecture is true if each color class has size ${\Omega}(k\log k)$. In this paper, we present a proof of the conjecture if each color class has size ${\Omega}(k)$, which improved the previous result and is only a constant factor away from Aharoni's conjecture. We also consider what happens when the condition on the number of colors is relaxed.
Another Note on Intervals in the Hales–Jewett Theorem
Authors: Kamčev Nina , Spiegel Christoph
Published: April 2022

The Hales–Jewett Theorem states that any $r$–colouring of $[m]^n$ contains a monochromatic combinatorial line if $n$ is large enough. Shelah's proof of the theorem implies that for $m = 3$ there always exists a monochromatic combinatorial line whose set of active coordinates is the union of at most $r$ intervals. For odd $r$, Conlon and Kamčev constructed $r$–colourings for which it cannot be fewer than $r$ intervals. However, we show that for even $r$ and large $n$, any $r$–colouring of $[3]^n$ contains a monochromatic combinatorial line whose set of active coordinates is the union of at most $r-1$ intervals. This is optimal and extends a result of Leader and Räty for $r=2$.
African Pianism: An Educator View
Authors: Bolaji David
Published: April 2022

The quest for solving the impending challenge that hampers the performance of music students in playing pieces composed by African scholar in the African pianism style is one of the major concerns of most piano instructors that embraced the concept of African pianism. The identified difficulty stands as contributing factor downplaying the promotion of African identity via the use of the piano. Generally, this has stimulated lots of debates at different levels, which calls for urgent attention to reposition and promote African pianism. The thrust of this paper is not to re-sound the identified difficulty, but to investigate and propound applicable approaches that could be used as fundamental procedures for correcting the intricacy of this challenge. The Taro Yamane sample size theory was adopted. Questionnaire were administered to music students from two Universities in Nigeria used as case study, interviewing piano instructors from these institutions, interviewing Christian Onyeji, a prominent African pianism composer in Nigeria and Meki Nzewi, a renowned, personate and promoter of African music. The findings reveal that there is a big gap between the music students and their knowledge of their indigenous music and culture. Also, most music students do not have any prior theoretical nor practical knowledge of piano playing before coming to study music, and the ratio balancing of the choice of selected piano pieces given to the students is more of Western oriental pieces than African oriental pieces. However, the suggestive approachable measures to tackle the said problem include, route learning method which, should dominant the teaching method for pieces in African pianism style, African pianism pieces should be the dominant pieces to be given to students learning to play the piano in the departments of music in Nigeria. Composers should compose short pieces in the African pianism style/techniques and make them available for instructional materials. Nevertheless, the proposed suggestions in this study will serve as an eye opener to the need for redirecting and promoting the teaching and playing of African Pianism in the department of music in Nigeria.
PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT MELALUI KEPUASAN KERJA (Studi pada Perawat Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Militer Kota Malang)
Authors: Faudin Mokhamad Afif , Samiadji Samiadji
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the direct effect of work stress on performance, job stress on job satisfaction, job satisfaction on performance, and the indirect effect of job stress on performance through nurse job satisfaction. The research design used is explanatory research. The number of nurses in the Inpatient Installation of the Military Hospital of Malang City was 154 people, while the respondents in this study were 106 people. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire measured by the linkert scale. While the data analysis used descriptive data analysis techniques and Path Analysis. The results of this study are: (1) Job Stress has a significant effect on Nurse Performance, (2) Job Stress has a significant effect on Nurse Job Satisfaction, (3) Job Satisfaction has no significant effect on Nurse Performance, (4) There is no indirect effect of Job Stress on Nurse Performance through Job Satisfaction. This shows that nurses who serve in the Inpatient Installation of Military Hospitals in Malang City are able to control work stress on nurses, so that the job satisfaction felt by nurses has no effect on nurse performance.

Keywords: job stress, performance, job satisfaction
PERAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, PEMBERDAYAAN DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL
Authors: Firdauzy Merly Nur Intan , Wibowo Nurrokhman
Published: April 2022

The importance of the role of organizational commitment, empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior in an effort to improve employee performance is an interesting research study. Some outstanding research results can be used as a foundation or reference for further research. Several contradictory research results between the influence of the role of organizational commitment and employee performance, empowerment and performance have been carried out in various countries and organizations which are very interesting for further study. Scoping method is very interesting to classify the influence between organizational commitment, empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior in an effort to improve employee performance.
KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN HYPERMARKET: LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Kango Umin
Published: April 2022

Previous literature reviews have explored the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The purpose of reviewing this scope is to map existing studies that assess the influence of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. The main steps in scoping are: (1) defining the research questions; (2) identify relevant studies; (3) research selection; ( ) cartographic data, and (5) compile, summarize, and report results, using multiple national assessments. The results of the scope review show that most studies recognize that customer satisfaction affects customer loyalty. However, as Taylor and Gary Hunter (2003) have argued, Cristobal. E, et al (2007) customer satisfaction does not affect customer loyalty.
The Use of Products of Microwave Aminolytic Destruction of Polyethylene Terephthalate in Vibration-absorbing Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Vokhmyanin Mikhail , Vesnin Roman , Avdonin Valery
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to study the possibility of using the products of aminolytic destruction of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and their derivatives in polymer composite materials with vibration-absorbing properties, which provide effective damping of vibrations of technogenic and natural origin in a wide temperature and frequency range. The paper considers a modern method of recycling PET waste with a mixture of amino alcohols - monoethanolamine and triethanolamine, taken in two different ratios. As a result of the destruction reaction, terephthalic acid diamide (N, N -bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide) is formed. To accelerate the destruction process, microwave radiation of various powers of 200, 540 and 700 watts was used. The optimal conditions for aminolytic decomposition of PET were determined: the time and power of microwave radiation with PET conversion up to 95% and the yield of the target product (terephthalic acid diamide) 80-85%. The destruction process was carried out according to a closed cycle of using reagents, without the use of catalysts and at atmospheric pressure, which to a certain extent reduces the energy consumption and increases the environmental friendliness of this method of PET decomposition. The aminolytic degradation product of PET (terephthalic acid diamide) was used as a monomer in the polycondensation reaction to obtain a new oligomer (terephthalic acid oligoesteramide). The degree of polymerisation (n) is in this case 7 to 11 (number of chain links). The obtained oligomer and the PET degradation product were investigated as new components in elastomeric compositions based on chloroprene rubber and in compositions based on thermoplastic elastomers. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of an oligomer based on a PET degradation product reduces the viscosity of elastomeric compositions by 25-35%. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 21-79-00301, https://rscf.ru/project/21-79-00301/.
Research on Obtaining Biocomposite Structures with Sound Absorbing Properties
Authors: Nitu Silvia Andreea , Sporea Nicoleta , Iatan Radu , Durbaca Ion , Vasile Ovidiu , Ciocoiu Gheorghe Cosmin
Published: April 2022

The paper addresses the methodology for obtaining biocomposite structures from waste, with sound-absorbing properties, such as: thuja shells, walnut shells, pistachio shells, beech sawdust, pumpkin seeds shells and sunflower seeds shells. The experimental analysis carried out considers the study of the sound-absorbing properties held by the proposed new biocomposite materials, by determining the value of the sound absorption coefficient, reflection coefficient, impedance ratio, using the Kundt tube. The interpretation of the results obtained from the evaluation of biocomposites shows that they have sound-absorbing properties. Consequently, sound-absorbing panels with soundproofing properties can be made from these materials, which can be used in industry, transportation, construction, etc. as well as for decorative purposes in spaces such as cinemas, malls, spas, etc.
Plastic Ventilation Tubes and Their Impact on Middle Ear Pathology
Authors: Anghelina Florin , Palade Dragos Octavian , Bologa Ramona , Camen Adrian , Patru Adrian , Anghelina Liliana , Hainarosie Razvan , Voiosu Catalina , Osman Andrei
Published: April 2022

Otitis and middle ear disease present high morbidity rates in spite of current medical treatment, especially in the younger population. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a chronic disease that is often found in school age children. Its evolution, recurrence, complications and resolution still present a challenge to otologists. For some time, middle ear ventilation tubes were used for this pathology, thus assuring proper middle ear ventilation and higher disease resolution rates. In the current paper, we investigate the connection between ventilation tube usage, the materials out of which they are made, the techniques involved and how these factors may influence disease resolution rates.
Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation on the Thermal Insulation Materials Using Recycled Thermoplastic Polymers
Authors: Al-Shawabkeh Ali F. , Sawalheh Salamah , Ikhries Ibrahim I. , Omar Waid
Published: April 2022

In construction building, the optimum insulation material thickness determines the efficiency of energy consumption. In this paper, heat transfer and the temperature distribution of recycled polymers between construction building components are investigated using theoretical and simulation methods. It has been shown that when the thickness of all recycled polymers being studied is increased, insulation improves and energy consumption decreases, indicating that XPS is the best recycled plastic and the optimum thickness is 7 cm. In this work, experimental and numerical approaches have been used, to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the thermal performance of an external wall outfitted with new insulation materials, based on the most commercialized recycled thermoplastic polymers (Polyethylene RPE, Polyethylene terephthalate RPET, and Expanded Polystyrene RXPS) waste.
Study of Customized Plastic High Heels Footwear
Authors: Stoica Marilena , Crisan Nicoleta , Cucu Lucian , Prisecaru Delia Alexandra
Published: April 2022

The high heels footwear industry is permantly evolving due to the increasing attention given to combine confort and elegance. The purpose of footwear has changed with the evolution in the fashion industry and it is no longer limited only to protect the feet. This paper represents a first step to develop customized shoes outer sole, taking into consideration the unicity of each individual anatomy. Another important aspect is the manufacturing of these outer soles using plastic materials. The additive manufacturing presents itself as a viable option in obtaing a working prototype. Based on previous research, an analysis has been performed in order to optimise the design and its functionality. The study validation has been done using FEA and Topology Opimisation.
Stress effects on the top-down control of visuospatial attention: Evidence from cue-dependent alpha oscillations
Authors: Larra Mauro F. , Zhang Xinwei , Finke Johannes B. , Schächinger Hartmut , Wascher Edmund , Arnau Stefan
Published: April 2022

Stress is assumed to inhibit the top-down control of attention and to facilitate bottom-up processing. Evidence from human experiments, however, remains scarce. Previous studies have addressed how stress affects the interplay of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of attention. A key open question is in how far such effects can actually be attributed to a stress-induced modulation of top-down attention control. We sought to isolate top-down from bottom-up effects by assessing stress effects on anticipatory changes in alpha oscillations that precede stimulus processing. Participants performed in a cued target detection task in which a cue prompted them to covertly shift their attention to left or right screen positions, 20 min after being exposed to the bilateral feet cold pressor test or a warm water control procedure. The stressor led to a substantial increase in cortisol, peaking 20 min post stressor, along with rises in heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective ratings of stress and arousal. As expected, cued attention deployment led to higher alpha power over posterior electrodes contralateral versus ipsilateral to the attended hemifield during the cue-target interval. Importantly, this purely endogenous effect was potentiated by stress, however, significant differences were restricted to the middle of the cue-target interval and thus temporally separated from the appearance of the target. These results indicate that stress does not impair top-down attentional control per se but may introduce a qualitative change modulating the way attention is deployed to meet action goals.
Evidence for object–place binding in pigeons in a sequence-learning procedure
Authors: Blaisdell Aaron P. , Schroeder Julia E.
Published: April 2022

We studied object–location binding in pigeons using a sequence learning procedure. A sequence of four objects was presented, one at a time at one of four locations on a touchscreen. A single peck at the object ended the trial, and food reinforcement was delivered intermittently. In Experiment 1, a between-subjects design was used to present objects, locations, or both in a regular sequence or randomly. Response time costs on nonreinforced probe tests on which object order, location order, or both were disrupted revealed sequence learning effects. Pigeons encoded location order when it was consistent, but not object order when it alone was consistent. When both were consistent, pigeons encoded both, and showed evidence of object–location binding. In Experiment 2, two groups of pigeons received training on sequences where the same object always appeared at the same location. For some pigeons a consistent sequence was used while for others sequence order was randomized. Only when sequence order was consistent was object–location binding found. These experiments are the first demonstrations of strong and lasting feature binding in pigeons and are consistent with a functional account of learning.
Expert agreement in prior elicitation and its effects on Bayesian inference
Authors: Stefan Angelika M. , Katsimpokis Dimitris , Gronau Quentin F. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: April 2022

Bayesian inference requires the specification of prior distributions that quantify the pre-data uncertainty about parameter values. One way to specify prior distributions is through prior elicitation, an interview method guiding field experts through the process of expressing their knowledge in the form of a probability distribution. However, prior distributions elicited from experts can be subject to idiosyncrasies of experts and elicitation procedures, raising the spectre of subjectivity and prejudice. Here, we investigate the effect of interpersonal variation in elicited prior distributions on the Bayes factor hypothesis test. We elicited prior distributions from six academic experts with a background in different fields of psychology and applied the elicited prior distributions as well as commonly used default priors in a re-analysis of 1710 studies in psychology. The degree to which the Bayes factors vary as a function of the different prior distributions is quantified by three measures of concordance of evidence: We assess whether the prior distributions change the Bayes factor direction, whether they cause a switch in the category of evidence strength, and how much influence they have on the value of the Bayes factor. Our results show that although the Bayes factor is sensitive to changes in the prior distribution, these changes do not necessarily affect the qualitative conclusions of a hypothesis test. We hope that these results help researchers gauge the influence of interpersonal variation in elicited prior distributions in future psychological studies. Additionally, our sensitivity analyses can be used as a template for Bayesian robustness analyses that involve prior elicitation from multiple experts.
Web-based language production experiments: Semantic interference assessment is robust for spoken and typed response modalities
Authors: Stark Kirsten , van Scherpenberg Cornelia , Obrig Hellmuth , Abdel Rahman Rasha
Published: April 2022

For experimental research on language production, temporal precision and high quality of the recorded audio files are imperative. These requirements are a considerable challenge if language production is to be investigated online. However, online research has huge potential in terms of efficiency, ecological validity and diversity of study populations in psycholinguistic and related research, also beyond the current situation. Here, we supply confirmatory evidence that language production can be investigated online and that reaction time (RT) distributions and error rates are similar in written naming responses (using the keyboard) and typical overt spoken responses. To assess semantic interference effects in both modalities, we performed two pre-registered experiments (n = 30 each) in online settings using the participants’ web browsers. A cumulative semantic interference (CSI) paradigm was employed that required naming several exemplars of semantic categories within a seemingly unrelated sequence of objects. RT is expected to increase linearly for each additional exemplar of a category. In Experiment 1, CSI effects in naming times described in lab-based studies were replicated. In Experiment 2, the responses were typed on participants’ computer keyboards, and the first correct key press was used for RT analysis. This novel response assessment yielded a qualitatively similar, very robust CSI effect. Besides technical ease of application, collecting typewritten responses and automatic data preprocessing substantially reduce the work load for language production research. Results of both experiments open new perspectives for research on RT effects in language experiments across a wide range of contexts. JavaScript- and R-based implementations for data collection and processing are available for download.
A Comparative Approach to the Oannes Narrative in Mesopotamia and the Prometheus Myth in the Ancient Greek World
Authors: Yıldırım Ercüment
Published: April 2022

The belief systems in Mesopotamia and Ancient Greece were based on the idea that knowledge was transferred from gods to humans. The common belief regarding the source of knowledge in both societies was somehow diferent. While Mesopotamian societies believed that knowledge was transferred from gods to humans through a being called Oannes, Ancient Greek society believed that Prometheus stole fre, which was the frst knowledge, from Zeus. As written in cuneiform scripts, coming ashore as a half-fsh and half-man creature, Oannes was thought to teach Mesopotamians various skills, ranging from building houses to agriculture. On the other hand, it is mentioned in the works of Hesiod and Aeschylus in Ancient Greece that Prometheus created humans and taught them all necessary knowledge to continue their lives. The present study compares diferent beliefs regarding the source of knowledge in two diferent societies which existed in two diferent geographical regions and time periods. Additionally, it aims to reveal the ways in which both societies shaped their world views through divine knowledge. For a closer analysis of both belief systems, Mesopotamian cuneiform scripts and Ancient Greek manuscripts were used as primary sources. After each source was examined in detail, modern interpretations of these sources were also analyzed. Finally, common points in both primary sources were identifed in order to characterize the present study based on these common points.
Geç Antik Çağ Armenia’sında Kimlik Paradigması: Armenialılar Ermeni Midir?*
Authors: Cinemre İlhami Tekin
Published: April 2022

Armenia, tarih boyunca üzerinde yaşayan toplulukların çeşitli geleneklerinden ve coğrafyanın siyasi açıdan getirdiği istikrarsızlıktan ötürü çok farklı etnik kökene ve kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Fakat bölgenin bu çok kültürlü yapısının genel literatürde derinlemesine irdelenmemesi bölge insanlarının toplu bir bakış açısıyla ve daha çok toponim açıdan Ermeni olarak değerlendirilmeleri sonucunu doğurmuştur. Ne var ki çok dilli ve etnik kökenli Armenia bölgesindeki doğal yaşamın bir parçası olan feodal anlayışı meydana getiren pek çok soylu aile, V. yüzyıldan sonra oluşan antik Ermeni metinlerinde dahi birçok farklı soy hikâyesiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda geç antik çağ boyunca bölge halklarının toponim yerine etnonim olarak incelemeye tabi tutulması, bölgede yaşayan insanların bazılarının Armenialı bazılarının da Ermeni olarak adlandırılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bilhassa eponim adlandırmalar ve köken ilişkisinde Hristiyanlık sonrası Armenia’nın soy arayışının getirdiği kültürel yenileşme de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, Armenialı olmaktan çıkarak Ermeni adıyla anılan bölge halklarını meydana getiren alt etkenleri, yeni kimliğin üzerine inşa edildiği toplumsal yapıyı ve naxarar olarak adlandırılan soyluların gerçekte hangi kökenlere uzandığını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Siyasi Mahkûmlara Yönelik 1896 Tarihli Umumi Afı
Authors: Demir Görür Emel
Published: April 2022

Siyasi krizlerden sonra çıkarılan umumi afarın amacı, siyasi suçlara karışan kişileri afetmek suretiyle toplumun sükûnetini sağlamak, huzursuzlukları neticelendirmektir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid de, 33 yıllık hükümdarlığı döneminde pek çok defa umumi ve kısmi af ilan etmiştir. Çalışmamıza konu olan 1896 umumi afından önce Ermeniler ve Müslümanlar arasında yaşanan huzursuzluklar şiddetini artırmış, gerginlikler 1896 yılının Ağustos ayında gerçekleşen Osmanlı Bankası Baskını ile hadd safhaya çıkmış, olaylar neticesinde hapishanelerdeki siyasi mahkûmların sayısı istiap haddini aşmıştır. Bunun üzerine Sultan II. Abdülhamid, Ermeni Patrikhanesi’nin de af talebini göz önüne bulundurarak toplumun sükûnunu sağlamak ve dengeleri korumak amacıyla, 1896 yılı Aralık ayında siyasi suçluları kapsayan umumi af ilan etmiştir. Afın ilanından kısa bir süre sonra Düvel-i Sitte, afın bir an önce icrası için Osmanlı Devleti nezdinde girişimde bulunmuş ve bu husustaki baskılarını kısa aralıklarla yinelemiştir. Bu devletler olağan politikalarını afın icrasında da takip ettikleri gibi, büyükelçileri ve vilayetlerdeki temsilcileri aracılığıyla Ermenilerin savunuculuğunu üstlenmişler, afın icrasında yaşanan herhangi bir aksaklığı fırsata çevirerek bu durumu Osmanlı Devleti’ne baskı yapma unsuru olarak kullanmışlardır.
Influence of Customer Satisfaction on Effective Development of Tourism Services in Mysore Division
Authors:   Research Scholar, JSS Research Foundation, University of Mysore, Mysuru, B.V Tulasi , Suresha Dr. K.V ,   Associate Professor, JSS Research Foundation, University of Mysore, Mysuru
Published: April 2022

The tourism industry is getting buoyancy in the present-day knowledge era. The knowledge of the people around the globe, increasing in the higher rate their aspirations for pleasure is also growing commensurately. The best service to customers and quality can be achieved consistently by improving services and paying special attention to good service standard performance tourism companies in Mysore Division. With the entire globe being a single market, a service provider in the tourism industry needs to cater to a divergent group of customers with divergent expectations. It is impossible to satisfy everybody in standardized pricing, product design, promotion, place, people, process, and physical evidence. Hence, the study was undertaken to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction on the effective development of tourism and related services in the Mysore Division. The study was based on primary data considering 264 tourists who visit Mysore Division. It was found that customer satisfaction significantly influenced the effective development of tourism and related services in the Mysore Division.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN; MENOLAK TERORISME
Authors: Suharto Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Realitas kekerasan bernuansa keagamaan, di antaranya dengan justifikasi jihad, jelas berindikasi penyimpangan (deviasi) terhadap teks-teks sumber pokok agama (Islam) dipahami secara tidak benar dan membentuk doktrin-doktrin. Islam hadir untuk misi yang universal, rahmatan lil alamin. Misi ini tampak jelas dalam perulangan anjuran mengucapkan assalamualaikum dalam perjumpaan sesama muslim, dan permulaaan basmalah. Adapun fase perang yang pernah hadir dalam sejarah adalah dalam rangka mempertahankan diri, dan bukan agresi, bukan pula penjajahan, bukan pula terorisme. Dan pendidikan mengambil peranan yang sangat signifikan. Metode penulisan artikel ini adalah metode literature review dengan cara membaca, memahami serta menganalisis sumber sumber rujukan yang diperlukan sesuai dengan tema pendidikan rahmatan lil ‘alamin dan menolak terorisme.
ISLAMIC REFORMIST MOVEMENT OF HAJI SULONG ABDUL KADIR IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THAILAND’S SOUTHERN BORDER
Authors: Liow Joseph Chinyong , Raya Moch Khafidz Fuad
Published: April 2022

The development of Islamic education in southern Thailand has been in the spotlight of researchers in the last decade in efforts to establish a national education, although this study is still less attractive. The existence of Pondok schools as Islamic educational institutions is considered to have mobilized separatist movements and the authority of traditional Malay Muslim elites to fight for territory. The existence of the Malay rulers with their authority in the fields of religion and culture made traditional Islamic education deeply rooted in the southern Thailand region. Muslims in the southern province are allegedly a monolithic entity whose existence constructs the institutionalization of Thailand as a state, thus opening up space for separatist seeds that emerge from Islamic educational institutions. The existence of Islamic reformers such as Haji Sulong Abdul Kadir is strong evidence that his movement is treading the religious and cultural field in the process of reviving the institutionalization of Islamic education in Southern Thailand. The establishment of Madrasah al-Ma'arif al-Wataniah Fatani as a forum for Haji Sulong Abdul Kadir to fight for reforms in Islamic education institutions, despite strong opposition from the state and the authority of the traditional Malay Muslim elite but ultimately the principles of reform were realized even though the reformers had died and the madrasa was closed.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF PAI TEACHER RESOURCES
Authors: Ridho Ali , Suharyanto Ernaka Heri Putra , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study discusses the development and analysis of PAI teacher resources related to several competencies that PAI teachers must have so that they are more in line with the needs of students who learn about Islamic teachings through a well-planned or programmed learning process. In addition, prospective PAI teachers also need to be selected to match the background of the department or study program of Islamic education.The method of discourse and content analysis is used in this paper, by discussing a number of literatures and then analyzing them analytically based on the objectives and developments of the study of PAI Teacher Resources on some aspects of education in general.
Difference of Photometric Properties between Regular and Nonregular Miras in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Ou Jia-Yu , Ngeow Chow-Choong
Published: April 2022

Mira variables are asymptotic giant-branch pulsating stars with long pulsation periods and large amplitudes in optical bands. By applying the random forest algorithm to the I-band light curves for the Miras in the Magellanic Clouds, we have classified these Miras into regular Miras and nonregular Miras. Nonregular Miras exhibit a long-term variation in addition to their primary pulsation periods. Our results confirm that the period–luminosity relation for maximum light has a small dispersion, but only occurs on the regular oxygen-rich Miras, which we recommend to be applied in future distance-scale work. We have also collected multiband photometry for these Miras to perform a spectral energy distribution fitting with stellar and dust components, showing that a significant fraction of dust is present around the nonregular Miras. According to our results, we believe that the periodic long-term variations seen in the nonregular Miras might be due to the presence of dust.
Unveiling the Nature of SN 2011fh: A Young and Massive Star Gives Rise to a Luminous SN 2009ip−like Event
Authors: Pessi Thallis , Prieto Jose L. , Monard Berto , Kochanek Christopher S. , Bock Greg , Drake Andrew J. , Fox Ori D. , Parker Stuart , Stevance Heloise F.
Published: April 2022

In recent years, many Type IIn supernovae have been found to share striking similarities with the peculiar SN 2009ip, whose true nature is still under debate. Here, we present 10 yr of observations of SN 2011fh, an interacting transient with spectroscopic and photometric similarities to SN 2009ip. SN 2011fh had an M

r
∼ −16 mag brightening event, followed by a brighter M

r
∼ −18 mag luminous outburst in 2011 August. The spectra of SN 2011fh are dominated by narrow to intermediate Balmer emission lines throughout its evolution, with P Cygni profiles indicating fast-moving material at ∼6400 km s−1. HST/WFC3 observations from 2016 October revealed a bright source with M
F814W ≈ −13.3 mag, indicating that we are seeing the ongoing interaction of the ejecta with the circumstellar material or that the star might be going through an eruptive phase five years after the luminous outburst of 2011. Using HST photometry of the stellar cluster around SN 2011fh, we estimated an age of ∼4.5 Myr for the progenitor, which implies a stellar mass of ∼60 M
⊙, using single-star evolution models, or a mass range of 35–80 M
⊙, considering a binary system. We also show that the progenitor of SN 2011fh exceeded the classical Eddington limit by a large factor in the months preceding the luminous outburst of 2011, suggesting strong super-Eddington winds as a possible mechanism for the observed mass loss. These findings favor an energetic outburst in a young and massive star, possibly a luminous blue variable.
Charge States, Helium Abundance, and FIP Bias of the Interplanetary CMEs Classified by Flares and Hot Channels
Authors: Zhai Huitong , Fu Hui , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong
Published: April 2022

Identifying the material source of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is crucial for understanding the generation mechanisms of CMEs. The composition parameters of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) associated with different activities on the Sun may be diverse, as the materials come from distinct regions or are generated by different processes. We classified ICMEs into three types by associated activities on the Sun, with (T1) and without (T3) flares and hot channels, and only associated with flares (T2). The composition parameters of each type of ICMEs were analyzed. We found that all CMEs with hot channels are accompanied by flares, and strong flares are all associated with hot channels in our database. The average length of the filaments in T1 cases are much shorter than those in T3 cases. The average charge states of iron (Q
Fe) and helium abundance (A
He) for T3 ICMEs are less than 12% and 7%, respectively. The Q
Fe and A
He for T1 ICMEs present clear bimodal distributions with the minimum between two peaks at 12% and 7%, respectively. Nearly two-thirds of the hot plasma (with higher Q
Fe) inside ICMEs is associated with higher A
He. The Q
Fe and A
He are both positively correlated with the flare intensities. The A
He and filament scales are not explicitly linked to each other. The statistical results demonstrate that the material contribution of the filaments to ICMEs is low and more than half of the hot materials inside ICMEs originate from the chromosphere in our database. We suggest that they are heated by the chromospheric evaporation process at the hot channel (flux rope) footpoint regions before and/or during the flaring process.
A Disk Instability Model for the Quasi-periodic Eruptions of GSN 069
Authors: Pan Xin , Li Shuang-Liang , Cao Xinwu , Miniutti Giovanni , Gu Minfeng
Published: April 2022

GSN 069 is a recently discovered quasi-periodic eruption (QPE) source recurring about every 9 hr. The mechanism for the QPEs of GSN 069 is still unclear. In this work, a disk instability model is constructed to explain GSN 069 based on Pan et al. (PLC21), where the authors proposed a toy model for the repeating changing-look active galactic nuclei. We improve the work of PLC21 by including a nonzero viscous torque condition on the inner boundary of the disk and adopting a general form for the viscous stress torque in the Kerr metric. It is found that the 0.4–2 keV light curves, the light curves at different energy bands, and the phase-resolved X-ray spectrum of GSN 069 can all be qualitatively reproduced by our model. Furthermore, the profiles of light curves in QPEs can be significantly changed by the parameter μ in the viscous torque equation, which implies that our model may also be applied to other QPEs.
Hot Circumsingle Disks Drive Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks
Authors: Li Ya-Ping , Dempsey Adam M. , Li Hui , Li Shengtai , Li Jiaru
Published: April 2022

Binary black hole (BBH) mergers, particularly those with component masses in the pair-instability gap, may be produced by hierarchical mergers in the disks surrounding Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). While the interaction of an embedded BBH with an AGN disk is typically assumed to facilitate a merger, recent high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations challenge this assumption. However, these simulations often have simplified treatments for gas thermodynamics. In this work, we model the possible consequence of various feedback from an embedded BBH with a simple model that maintains an enhanced temperature profile around each binary component. We show that when the minidisks around each BH become hotter than the background by a factor of three, the BBH orbital evolution switches from expansion to contraction. By analyzing the gravitational torque profile, we find that this change in direction is driven by a weakening of the minidisk spirals and their positive torque on the binary. Our results highlight the important role of thermodynamics around BBHs and its effect on their orbital evolution, suggesting that AGN disks could be efficient factories for BBH mergers.
Glomerular filtration rate as a kidney outcome of diabetic kidney disease: a focus on new antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Sang Soo , Song Sang Heon
Published: April 2022

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions, both in Korea and worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure (KF). The natural course of kidney function among people with diabetes (especially type 2 diabetes) may be complex in real-world situations. Strong evidence from observational data and clinical trials has demonstrated a consistent association between decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and subsequent development of hard renal endpoints (such as KF or renal death). The disadvantage of hard renal endpoints is that they require a long follow-up duration. In addition, there are many patients with diabetes whose renal function declines without the appearance of albuminuria, measurement of the eGFR is emphasized. Many studies have used GFR-related parameters, such as its change, decline, or slope, as clinical endpoints for kidney disease progression. In this respect, understanding the trends in GFR changes could be crucial for developing clinical management strategies for the prevention of diabetic complications. This review focuses on the clinical implication of the eGFR-related parameters that have been used so far in diabetic kidney disease. We also discuss the use of recently developed new antidiabetic drugs for kidney protection, with a focus on the GFR as clinical endpoints.