bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesser-Known Aspects of the History of the Small Union
Authors: Vladu Mircea
Published: July 2023

Those who are interested in knowing the true history of the Romanian people should look for the truth in the archives, not in works written by certain party historians or by some politicians, who, in order to promote the interests of the party they serve, have hidden or distorted and continue to hide or distort, deliberately, the historical truth. At the same time, certain episodes in the history of Romanians have been distorted from their noble purpose by petty foreign interests, mercenaries, participants in coups, plotters, spies, opportunists, frivolous people, etc. The opportunists were the most dangerous because they cleverly disguised their intentions and were meticulously prepared to jump from one side to the other at key moments in the course of actions, on whose support they were relying heavily. One of the important episodes in the history of the Romanians, where the aspects mentioned above were manifested, was the Little Union, which was for the Romanians and their leaders of good faith, one of the most uplifting moments in our troubled history, about which I wish to speak below, using as research method which aims at analyzing specific documents and focusing on a certain extent on the answer to the question: “Was it or was it not Mihai Kogălniceanu a man who played on both sides of the in the process of electing Alexandru Ioan Cuza as a ruler of the Romanian Principalities?”
99mTc-MDP bone scan in the diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease
Authors: Aslam Mariha , Nazir Salahudin , Gillani Farkhanda
Published: July 2023

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DINAMIKA REFORMA AGRARIA DALAM SEJARAH, KONSEP DAN IMPLEMENTASI
Authors: Sumanto Listyowati
Published: July 2023

Landreform dapat diartikan dalam arti luas disebut Agrarian Reform, dan dalam arti sempit disebut Landreform. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Reforma Agraria dalam perspektif sejarah, konsep dan implementasinya di Indonesia. Reforma Agraria adalah penataan kembali struktur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan dan pemanfaatan tanah yang lebih berkeadilan melalui penataan aset dan disertai dengan penataan akses untuk kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia. Setelah diterbitkan Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan peraturan pelaksananya, tanah objek Reforma Agraria mengalami perluasan.
PENGUATAN REFORMA AGRARIA UNTUK KEMAKMURAN RAKYAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL
Authors: Pandamdari Endang
Published: July 2023

Ketimpangan struktur penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah yang tidak segera ditata, dapat menggagalkan terwujudnya kemakmuran rakyat. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apa kelemahan reforma agraria sejak Indonesia merdeka hingga saat ini, dan bagaimana penguatan reforma agraria untuk kemakmuran rakyat dalam perspektif hukum tanah nasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Tulisan ini mengemukakan bahwa kelemahan reforma agraria selama ini adalah semakin terbatas tanah yang dapat diredistribusikan, subyek penerima redistribusi tidak tepat sasaran, penerima redistribusi melanggar larangan mengalihkan hak atas tanah, adanya tanah absentee baru, timbulnya kepemilikan tanah diatas batas maksimum 5 hektar, dan adanya akses reform yang belum dilaksanakan. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut, perlu penguatan reforma agraria melalui penguatan kelembagaan yang menangani reforma agraria, perlunya regulasi diatur dalam bentuk Undang Undang bukan hanya Peraturan Presiden, serta meningkatkan budaya hukum masyarakat mengenai reforma agraria.
Bilateral internal jugular vein ectasia: A rare cause of neck swelling
Authors: SRINIVASA V. , JAYENDIRAN S. , KAYARKAR DARSHAN , ALIYAR ALEENA , ARAVIND T.I.
Published: July 2023

Internal jugular vein ectasia or phlebectasia is a condition in which there is an isolated fusiform dilatation of the internal jugular vein. The patient usually presents with swelling in the neck, which aggravates in size while coughing or straining. This is a rare condition and is often mis-diagnosed. It can be diagnosed by proper history, clinical examination and imaging. We report a 5-year-old boy who had bilateral internal jugular vein ectasia aggravating in size while straining and coughing. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan showed dilatation of internal jugular veins on both sides. Since the patient was asymptomatic and had no complications, he was advised regular follow-up. This rare benign condition should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of an expansile neck mass.
O estado de exceção militarizado no Brasil. Zonas ambíguas entre forças armadas, polícias e milícias no contexto contemporâneo.
Authors: Souza Luís Antônio Francisco de , Serra Carlos Henrique Aguiar
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo pretende refletir sobre as mudanças recentes no cenário político e institucional do Brasil. Uma das características predominantes do estado brasileiro é a tendência de tutela militar da segurança pública. Esta tutela vem se expressando, desde a ditadura de 1964-1985, de forma dupla: militarização das forças policiais e policialização das forças armadas. Ou seja, as forças armadas se colocaram como um elemento constitutivo da noção de ordem social e segurança do estado brasileiro. A tutela militar vem penetrando nas forças policiais, na segurança pública e em vários aspectos da vida institucional e política do país. Ou seja, além da já bem documentada politização dos militares durante toda a história da república, com o seu corolário intervencionista, estamos diante de uma militarização da política, processo inaudito na história do país. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e do debate público em torno do tema da segurança pública, discutem-se estas questões a partir da confluência da presença de militares na política e de grupos paramilitares organizados nas periferias urbanas. O artigo propõe que é possível compreender o momento presente a partir de um debate genealógico sobre estado de exceção como uma forma de governo de populações.
“Kanon” Dışı Bir “Öteki” Olarak Peyami Safa’nın Değerlerine ve Türkçeye Sahip Çıkışı
Authors: FEDAİ Özlem
Published: July 2023

“Belirli bir odağın beğenisine göre şekillenen kurallar bütünü” anlamındaki “kanon” düşüncesi, baskın sosyal grupların, eğitim kurumlarının, statükoyu temsil eden devletin belirlediği fikirlerden ortaya çıkmıştır. Cumhuriyet'in ilanıyla “laik” düzenin kurulması ardından, ülkeyi çağdaş medeniyetler seviyesinin üzerine ulaştırma hedefi için yapılan devrimleri, yeni rejimin değerlerinin halka benimsetilmesi düşüncesiyle, eğitim sisteminde olduğu gibi sanat ve edebiyatta da devletin desteklediği, ilkelerini “Kemalizm”in belirlediği bir “kanon” oluşturulmuştur. Bu dönemin roman başta olmak üzere edebiyat eserlerinde de yeni bir toplum inşa edilmesi amacıyla çağdaş Batı medeniyetinin değerleri halka benimsetilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu düşünceyle eserlerini veren Milli edebiyattan beri roman yazan yazarlar (Reşat Nuri, Halide Edip, Aka Gündüz, Yakup Kadri vb.) “kanon”un yazarları haline gelirken, eserleriyle yeni kültürün değerlerini benimsemeyi teşvik etmiş; eski kültürün değerlerinin terk edilmesinin gereğini telkin etmiştir. Bu süreçte romanları üzerinden verdiği mesajlarla “kanon”un benimsediği değerlerin dışında kalan ve geçmiş kültürün mirasına sahip çıkmaya çalıştığı için “öteki” durumuna düşen yazarlar Peyami Safa, Tarık Buğra gibi yazarlar da olmuştur. Onları “kanon dışı” yapan muhafaza etmeye çalıştıkları değerlerdir. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet devri Türk romanının usta yazarlarından Peyami Safa (Nisan 1899-Haziran 1961)’nın, Cumhuriyet devri roman “kanon”unun içinde değerlerine sahip çıkan bir “muhafazakâr” olarak farklı tutumu, düşünce eserlerinde yaşadığı değişimlere karşı romanlarında ısrarla savunduğu değerler, bu tutum paralelinde yazarın “Osmanlı Türkçesi” ve “Türkçe” konusunda sergilediği tavır ele alınmıştır. Doküman incelemesi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışma sonunda yazarın kanon dışı bir “öteki” olarak geleneğin değerlerine sahip çıkma biçimi sanatçının 10 romanı ve makale ve denemelerini içeren düzyazı eserlerinden örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur.
Şarkı eğitiminde iletişim, dil ve kültür
Authors: MOĞULBAY Dilek
Published: July 2023

Bu araştırmada ses eğitimcilerinin iletişim bilgi ve becerileri ile estetik ve artistik tutumları incelenerek, dil ve kültür bilgilerini, duygu ve düşüncelerini öğrenciye sunma şekillerinde derin bir anlayışa yönelebilmesi için bir bakış açısı oluşturmak amaçlanmaktadır. Şarkı eğitiminde iletişimin gerekliliği hangi boyutta olmalıdır? Şarkıda kullanılan dilin fonetik, semantik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin bilinmesi icra kalitesini artırır mı? Şarkı eğitimde kültür, kültürleme, kültürlenme ve kültürleşme hangi yönde gerçekleşir? soruları, araştırmanın problem durumunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “nitel” yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın modeli; “betimsel analiz” ve “içerik analizi modeli” dir. İçerik analizinde verilerin elde edilebilmesi için; “kaynak tarama” ve “yarı yapılanmış görüşme” yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Şarkı eğitiminde öğretimsel iletişimin kullanılması ile duygu, bilgi ve becerileri paylaşarak davranış değişikliği meydana getirebilmek için kültür, dil ve iletişim becerileri, empati (duygudaşlık), sempati, özgecilik ve psikolojik sağlamlık konularının değerlendirilmesi, çalışmanın önemini göstermektedir. İletişim, davranış değişikliği meydana getirmek üzere fikir, bilgi, haber, tutum ve becerilerin paylaşılması sürecidir. İletişim becerilerine sahip olan kişiler yaşantılarında karşılaştıkları tüm olumsuz ve engelleyici durumları daha kolay ve sağlıklı şekilde atlatabilmektedirler. Diğer insanlarla olan ilişkileri daha tatmin edicidir ve meslek hayatları daha başarılı olmaktadır. Empati, sempati ve özgecilik kavramlarını çok iyi kullanabilmelidir. Psikolojik sağlamlıkla da risk, olumsuzluklarla mücadele etme yeteneği ve kişinin olumsuz olay sonrası yeni duruma adaptasyonu gibi faktörler ön plandadır. Çalışmada ses eğitimi ve şan eğitiminde kullanılan 2 örnek şarkının dil ve kültür özellikleri de incelenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler analiz edilmiş ve çözümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şarkı eğitiminde iletişimin önemli olduğu, şarkıların yazıldığı dil ve kültür özelliklerinin iç içe kullanılarak çok kapsamlı bir şarkı çalışması yapılması ile icranın etkili yönde artacağı önemli sonuçlar arasındadır. Şarkı eğitiminde tüm tekniklerin üst seviyede kullanılması ile birlikte geliştirilecek özgün, kültürel ve estetik anlayışın şarkı icrasına olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı öneriler arasındadır.
Branislav Nuşiç’in “Ramazan Geceleri”nde sosyal hayatın izleri
Authors: ÖZDARICI Öznur
Published: July 2023

Yugoslav Edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından biri olan ve Sırp yazınında komedi dalında ün salan Baranislav Nuşiç, Balkan Savaşı’ndan önce Sırp Konsolosu olarak görev yapar. Türklerle olan yakın ilişkileri, Rumeli Türkleri’nin yaşayışlarını birtakım hikâyeler çerçevesinde kalem faaliyetlerinde yansıtmasına olanak tanır. Sırpça aslından çevrilen bu hikâyeler Doğu’ya ait unsurları ve Türkçe kelimeleri yoğunlukla bünyesinde taşır. Branislav Nuşiç’in söz konusu kitabı kaleme aldığı 1890’lı yıllarda Osmanlı, Rumeli’deki hâkimiyetini büyük oranda kaybetmiş ve bölgenin ismi isyanlarla ve savaşlarla anılır olmuştur. Bu siyasi iklimin tamamen dışında yazdığı Rumeli’de Ramazan Geceleri’nde Nuşiç, çarşı ve mahalle hayatını tüm canlılığıyla ortaya koyar. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun çökmekte olduğu dönemde geçmesine rağmen onun hikâyelerinde ne dönemin Müslüman çarşısının karamsar havasından bahsedilir ne de eski güzel günlere yetişemediğine dair bir yakınma duyulur. Şehrin, kasabanın ve köyün kültürel yaşantısını hikâyelerine ustalıkla işleyen yazar, çarşı hayatına yayılan çeşitliliği konuşma dili üzerinden yansıtmaya özen gösterir. Bu yüzden, eser Sırpça yazılmış olmasına rağmen altı yüzden fazla farklı Türkçe kelime içerir. Kitapta yer alan hikâyeler Ramazan ayında mahalle, çarşı ve çevresinde Rumeli halklarının yaşantısını ele almasının yanında, dönemin ev mimarisinden eğlence kültürüne, kadın-erkek ilişkilerinden sosyal sorunlara kadar birçok hususu ihtiva etmekle birlikte dönemin ruhuna şahitlik etmek ve o dönem sosyal hayatının izlerini sunması açısından zengin bir malzeme sunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda günlük hayata ilişkin bu verilerin Nuşiç’in hikâyelerindeki izleri takip edilecektir.
Canım, lass uns das step by step besprechen: Deutsch-türkisch-englisches Codeswitching
Authors: TEKİN Özlem , SUSTAM Nurtaç
Published: July 2023

Codeswitching, der Wechsel zwischen zwei oder mehr Sprachen innerhalb einer Kommunikation, ist ein Phänomen, das in vielen mehrsprachigen Gesellschaften und Gemeinschaften zu beobachten ist. Eine eindrucksvolle Variante ist das deutsch-türkisch-englische Codeswitching, das nicht nur zeigt, auf welch vielfältige Weise das Deutsche, Türkische und Englische miteinander verknüpft werden können, sondern auch die besondere Identität der deutsch-türkischen Community deutlich macht. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es daher, Codeswitching am Beispiel von Deutsch, Türkisch und Englisch sowohl in formaler als auch in funktionaler Hinsicht darzulegen. Dazu soll zunächst der Begriff Codeswitching definiert, die Beziehung zwischen Codeswitching und Zwei- bzw. Mehrsprachigkeit aufgezeigt und die beiden Begriffe matrix language sowie embedded language eingeführt werden. Im Anschluss daran werden die unterschiedlichen Formen des Codeswitching, das Extra-Sentential, Inter-Sentential, Intra-Sentential, Inter-Word und Intra-Word Switching, aufgegriffen und zunächst isoliert voneinander anhand zweisprachiger Beispiele im Kontext des Deutschen, Türkischen und Englischen analysiert. Da die Formen des Codeswitching in der Sprachrealität jedoch oftmals nicht isoliert voneinander auftreten, sondern miteinander verknüpft werden, soll auch auf die Kombinationen der Codeswitching-Formen eingegangen werden, wozu nunmehr dreisprachige, also deutsch-türkisch-englische Beispiele herangezogen und ausführlich erläutert werden sollen. Abschließend werden die Funktionen des Codeswitching sowohl in soziolinguistischer als auch in psycholinguistischer Hinsicht beleuchtet. Auf diese Weise sollen zusammenfassend nicht nur die unterschiedlichen Formen des deutsch-türkisch-englischen Codeswitching dargelegt, sondern auch die komplexe Beziehung zwischen Gemeinschaft, Sprache, Kultur und Identität erfasst werden.
Çeviribilim kuram ve uygulamaları ışığında uzmanlık alanı çevirileri için ders planlamak: Gümrük ve lojistik metinleri çevirisi örneği
Authors: KUMLU Dolunay
Published: July 2023

Akademik çeviri eğitimi veren kurumlarda verilen lisans programlarının müfredatlarında yer alan özel alan ya da uzmanlık alanı metinleri kapsamında yer alan çeviri konularından biri de gümrük ve lojistik konusudur. Mezuniyet sonrası çevirmenlik mesleğini yerine getirmek üzere yetiştirilen çevirmen adaylarının öğretim programları ve derslerinin içerikleri oluşturulurken özellikle çeviri piyasalarında çok karşılaşabilecekleri özel alan metinleri ile ilgili konular ön plana alınmaktadır. Tıpkı tıp, hukuk, mühendislik, vb. özel alanlar gibi gümrük ve lojistik çevirileri konusu da iş ortamında sıklıkla karşılaşabilecekleri bir özel alan konusudur. Bu nedenle, bu konunun çeviri alanındaki öğretim programlarının ders içeriklerinde yer alması önemlidir. Bu konunun yer alacağı dersin içeriğini oluştururken, konu kapsamına giren terminoloji bilgisi, konu içerikli metin çevirileri, ilgili mevzuattan örnek alıntılar ve belge örneklerinin çevirisi gibi bazı önemli ve hatta olmazsa olmaz denilebilecek hususlar bulunmaktadır. Bunların öğretim programındaki dersin içeriğine nasıl ve ne şekilde dâhil edilmesi gerektiği iyi planlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, böyle bir dersin içeriğinin planlanması için kuramsal bir çerçeve çizilecek ve bu temelde uygulamaya dönük hangi içerik unsurlarının bulunması gerektiğinin altı çizilerek örneklerle somutlaştırılacaktır. Çeviribilim literatüründe farklı uzmanlık alanlarına ait metinlerin çevirisi ile ilgili çalışmalar ve araştırmalar mevcuttur. Fakat gümrük ve lojistik metinlerinin çevirisi ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunduğundan, bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlaması hedeflenmiştir.
Calculating and Evaluating Doses of Dental X-Rays CT Cone Beam
Authors: Le Thi Hong Dao , Nguyen Hoang Tung , Ly Anh Tu
Published: July 2023

According to recent reports, there is an alarming reality in Vietnam today that about 90% of people have dental problems, mainly tooth decay. Dental diseases cause discomfort for patients and a loss of confidence in communication. Therefore, the demand for dental exams and treatments is increasing day by day.

X-rays have long been used to treat dental diseases and are playing an increasingly important role in dentistry. The creation of cone-beam computer tomography (CTCB) has brought many benefits to users. This thesis mainly presents how to calculate the DAP number (Dose Area Product) at CTCB Orthophos and convert the unit of DAP (Gy.cm2) to the unit of the effective dose (mSv).

The results obtained from nearly 100 CTCB scans show that the effective dose of the instrument Orthophos is about 0.2 mSv, which is satisfactory for the requirements for radiation safety even with the largest FOV.

The study was carried out under the supervision of Denstply Sirona for the purpose of warning before taking, helping doctors (technicians) to manage the problems related to the imaging process and to minimize the radiation dose radiation on the patient, and determine the radiation on the patient in practice at the same time.
Peningkatan Karakter Kuantitatif Padi Beras Merah (Oryza sativa L.) Genotipe G16 Hasil Induksi Mutasi dengan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma 200 Gy
Authors: Dewi Yuliantika  , A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan  , I Wayan Sudika
Published: July 2023

Padi beras merah genotipe G16 merupakan salah satu galur padi beras merah yang masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut adalah dengan mutasi menggunakan iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakter kuantitatif padi beras merah genotipe G16 antara tanaman pembanding dengan tanaman mutan; dan mengetahui peningkatan karakter kuantitatif hasil iradiasi sinar gamma yang dibandingkan dengan tetua (genotipe G16). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2021 hingga Oktober 2021 di Desa Nyur Lembang, Kecamatan Narmada, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan bersekat (augmented design) dengan menggunakan tiga varietas pembanding yaitu tetua G16, Inpago Unram, dan Inpari 33 dengan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali, sedangkan tanaman mutan terdiri dari 24 genotipe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan iradiasi sinar gamma 200 Gy menyebabkan perbedaan karakter pada tanaman mutan yang dibandingkan dengan tetua dan varietas unggul, khususnya pada variabel respon tinggi tanaman, jumlah gabah hampa/ malai, dan berat gabah bernas/ rumpun; penggunaan iradiasi juga menyebabkan umur berbunga lebih genjah dan jumlah anakan nonproduktif lebih sedikit dibanding tetuanya.
Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Gizi Buruk Pada Balita Berbasis Mobile Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor
Authors: Efendi Afdal Muhammad , Ahsyar Tengku Khairil , Afdal M , Salisah Febi Nur , Syaifullah Syaifullah
Published: July 2023

Maltnutrition has a significant impact on children’s development and is a common problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. There are many factors that contribute to malnutrition, one of which is the lack of understanding and knowledge among parents regarding childcare and proper nutrition. This has motivated the author to develop an expert system application for diagnosing malnutrition in toddlers, aiming to facilitate the community, especially mothers with toddlers, in early diagnosis of malnutrition symptoms and diseases through mobile devices. This expert system application is built using Java Programming language with the assistance of Android studio as the development tool. The system analysis employed is the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to provide an overview of the application to be created. Testing is conducted using the Black Box method and data validation yields nearly 100% accuracy. The calculation for diagnosing symptoms and diseases utilizes the Certainty Factor methode, which serves as the calculation of value within the expert system application. The testing results based on symptoms and diseases through the applied calculation method achieve a 92% accuracy rate. The development of this application is expected to assist the community, especially mothers with toddlers, in identifying early symptoms and diseases of malnutrition in children, as well as obtaining solutions for the experienced illnesses.
Смешанные Избирательные Системы: Разработка И Практика
Authors: Ellis Andrew
Published: July 2023

Спустя тридцать лет после первоначального демократического перехода и после нескольких изменений системы граждане Монголии все еще стремятся улучшить избирательный процесс, путем обращения к механизму преобразования голосов, отданных на выборах, в места, полученные в Великом государственном хурале. Особый интерес представляют смешанные системы. Отчет не стремится ни защищать, ни препятствовать принятию смешанной системы: это решение будут принимать граждане Монголии. Вместо этого в нем описываются детальные варианты, которые вытекают из принятия смешанной системы, и освещаются их возможные последствия
Patient-reported treatment response in chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Greinix Hildegard T.
Published: July 2023

Not available.
Medical Secrecy and the Development of Virtue in Medical Oncology Practice the Secret of Sugar Canes
Authors: Schiappacass Guido V
Published: July 2023

This case concerns the reckless words of Doctor A., who, under the influence of alcohol, revealed the name and medical condition of Mr. L. at a social gathering. The patient learned about this event through a nurse who attended the party. The issue of medical confidentiality is very important in medical oncology practice. I decided for this reason to address this topic. The objective of this commentary is to analyze four ethical dilemmas concerning medical secrecy: Does a doctor have the duty to remain silent while off duty? How to resolve an ethical conflict? Is the extension of secrecy lawful? In addition, can confidentiality be violated in any circumstance? A broad ethical overview allows us to conclude that the duty of silence accompanies the doctor in all times of life. The nurse mismanaged this conflict. The secret can be shared, and it is relative because sometimes it is lawful to violate confidentiality. Finally, this article presents a fable about the virtue of prudence. This is applicable to medical oncology practice.
To Assess the Effect of BMI on Patient Setup Reproducibility in Hypofractionation of Breast Cancer to Establish an Imaging Protocol
Authors: Mulla Zaheeda , Hashem Rania , Taha Hiba , Coogen Maria , Alharthy Majd , Hijazi Hussam
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To analyze the setup accuracy among patients treated for breast cancer with hypofractionation radiation therapy (HFRT) regimen (five fractions instead of 15-16 fractions in standard regimen) and predict the necessity of performing the setup imaging in the 4th and 5th fractions as a function of setup accuracy in the first three fractions. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed setup displacements in each direction (lateral, longitudinal, and vertical) for 51 women with breast cancer treated with HFRT at the Radiation Therapy Unit between September 2020 and May 2022. Besides the five fractions (#1– # 5), the mean setup error was computed for the first three fractions (AVG-III) for each direction. Setup accuracy rates were computed for each direction and fraction as the percentage of fractions with setup error ≤ 0.5 cm. The correlations of #1, #2, #3, and AVG-III setup errors and their value in indicating #4 and #5 setup error and accuracy were analyzed using Pearson's coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of body mass index (BMI) on setup reproducibility was analyzed using logistic regression Result: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 54.41 (11.46) years. There was a high percentage of overweight (25.5%) and obese (53.0%). The mean setup error was 0.05) and #5 (r = -0.128–0.254; p>0.05) within any of the first three fractions or AVG-III, in any of the directions. In the ROC curve, only #5 accuracy was indicated by #3 in the longitudinal direction (AUC=0.89, p=0.025). BMI was only associated with inaccurate setup for fraction #3 in the lateral direction, in a positive relationship (OR=1.15, 95% CI = 1.01–1.30; p=0.031). Conclusion: Setup accuracy in the first fractions of HFRT does not predict accuracy in the two last fractions nor is predicted by the patient’s BMI. Consequently, women with breast cancer treated with HFRT require daily imaging for optimal setup before each radiotherapy fraction.
Correlation between the Total Initial PSA , PSA Density, and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness: A Retrospective Study In Two Urology Centers In Cameroon
Authors: Kamadjou Cyril , Eyongeta Divine Enoru , Wele Wilfried Ganni , Wadeu Annie Kameni , Amougou Boris , Angwafo Fru
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Our study aimed to determine the relationship between the initial total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, and aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) based on the new Gleason grade group in the two specialized urology centers in Cameroon. Method: A seven-year retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2019. The study concerned all men diagnosed with PCa graded using the novel Gleason grade group. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Bivariate analysis was done to identify independent associations. Results: A total of 253 files were reviewed; fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The mean age of our study population was 66.62±8.288 years with the most affected age being those aged between 59-69 years. The commonest finding on DRE was a hard-craggy prostate (46.0%). The mean initial total PSA was 98.78 ng/dL ± 300.17 ng/mL, while the mean PSA density was 1.73 ± 5.94ng/mL². Gleason grade group 2 was the commonest grade (30.6%). There was a positive correlation between initial total PSA and Gleason grade group (r = 0.314 (p-value 0.000)), and between PSA density and Gleason grade group (r = 0.919 (p-value 0.000)). Initial total PSA and the Gleason grade groups were independently associated with the radiological tumour stage (p-value 0.000 and p-value 0.03 respectively). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between initial total PSA, PSA density, and novel Gleason grade group. We, therefore, recommend that more attention should be placed on PSA density in pre-biopsy decision making. This study enhances the stratification of therapeutic protocols for the management of PCa in Cameroon as well as across African Union member states.
Brain rhythmic abnormalities in convalescent patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a resting-state EEG study
Authors: Wu Dengchang , Jiang Lin , He Runyang , Chen Baodan , Yao Dezhong , Wang Kang , Xu Peng , Li Fali
Published: July 2023

Objective

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is autoimmune encephalitis with a characteristic neuropsychiatric syndrome and persistent cognition deficits even after clinical remission. The objective of this study was to uncover the potential noninvasive and quantified biomarkers related to residual brain distortions in convalescent anti-NMDARE patients.

Methods

Based on resting-state electroencephalograms (EEG), both power spectral density (PSD) and brain network analysis were performed to disclose the persistent distortions of brain rhythms in these patients. Potential biomarkers were then established to distinguish convalescent patients from healthy controls.

Results

Oppositely configured spatial patterns in PSD and network architecture within specific rhythms were identified, as the hyperactivated PSD spanning the middle and posterior regions obstructs the inter-regional information interactions in patients and thereby leads to attenuated frontoparietal and frontotemporal connectivity. Additionally, the EEG indexes within delta and theta rhythms were further clarified to be objective biomarkers that facilitated the noninvasive recognition of convalescent anti-NMDARE patients from healthy populations.

Conclusion

Current findings contributed to understanding the persistent and residual pathological states in convalescent anti-NMDARE patients, as well as informing clinical decisions of prognosis evaluation.
Blockage of S100A8/A9 ameliorates septic nephropathy in mice
Authors: Shi Wei , Wan Tian-Tian , Li Hui-Hua , Guo Shu-Bin
Published: July 2023

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the commonest cause of complication of sepsis in intensive care units, but its pathophysiology remains unclear. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), which is a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecule, exerts a critical role in modulating leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory response during various diseases. However, role of S100A8/A9 in septic AKI is largely unknown. In this research, Septic AKI was triggered by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation in wild-type mice, which treated with or without an S100A9 inhibitor, Paquinimod (Paq, 10 mg/kg) that prevents S100A8/A9 to bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Renal function, pathological changes, cell death, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Our research indicated that the mRNA and protein expression of S100A9 are time-dependently elevated in the kidney following CLP. Moreover, the administration of Paq for 24 h significantly improved CLP-induced renal dysfunction and pathological alterations compared with vehicle treatment in mice. These beneficial effects were associated with the inhibition of CLP-triggered renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, superoxide production, and mitochondrial dynamic imbalance. What’s more, we further confirmed the above findings by cell co-culture experiments. Our study demonstrates that S100A9 is a prominent protein to lead to septic AKI, and the selective inhibition of S100A9 could represent a new therapeutic approach which can treat septic AKI.
Epitype-inducing temperatures drive DNA methylation changes during somatic embryogenesis in the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce
Authors: Viejo Marcos , Tengs Torstein , Yakovlev Igor , Cross Hugh , Krokene Paal , Olsen Jorunn E. , Fossdal Carl Gunnar
Published: July 2023

An epigenetic memory of the temperature sum experienced during embryogenesis is part of the climatic adaptation strategy of the long-lived gymnosperm Norway spruce. This memory has a lasting effect on the timing of bud phenology and frost tolerance in the resulting epitype trees. The epigenetic memory is well characterized phenotypically and at the transcriptome level, but to what extent DNA methylation changes are involved have not previously been determined. To address this, we analyzed somatic epitype embryos of Norway spruce clones produced at contrasting epitype-inducing conditions (18 and 28°C). We screened for differential DNA methylation in 2744 genes related mainly to the epigenetic machinery, circadian clock, and phenology. Of these genes, 68% displayed differential DNA methylation patterns between contrasting epitype embryos in at least one methylation context (CpG, CHG, CHH). Several genes related to the epigenetic machinery (e.g., DNA methyltransferases, ARGONAUTE) and the control of bud phenology (FTL genes) were differentially methylated. This indicates that the epitype-inducing temperature conditions induce an epigenetic memory involving specific DNA methylation changes in Norway spruce.
How students' writing motivation, teachers' personal and professional attributes, and writing instruction impact student writing achievement: a two-level hierarchical linear modeling study
Authors: Wang Heqiao , Troia Gary A.
Published: July 2023

Student motivation to write is a pivotal factor influencing their writing achievement. However, individual motivation to write is not independent of the learning environment. It also is crucial for teachers to develop their own efficacy, knowledge, and ability in writing and writing instruction to help them utilize effective instructional methods that stimulate students' motivation to write and further promote their writing achievement. Given these considerations, we utilized a two-level hierarchical linear model to examine the relationships among student motivation, teacher personal and professional traits, teacher writing instruction, and writing achievement at student and teacher levels. Our analysis of the dataset, which included 346 fourth and fifth graders nested within 41 classrooms, found that motivation had a positive predictive effect on writing ability at both student and teacher levels. Moreover, female students, fifth graders, and typically achieving students demonstrated higher writing achievement than their counterparts. While there were no significant effects of teacher efficacy, knowledge, ability, or professional development on student writing achievement, we observed that higher frequency of classroom management practices during writing instruction had a significant negative effect on student writing achievement. Our full model revealed that the relationship between student motivation and achievement was negatively moderated by teachers' increased use of instructional practices related to process features and using writing instruction materials, but positively moderated by increased use of varied teaching tactics. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of contextual factors in understanding the complexity of student writing achievement and draw attention to the need for effective instructional practices to support students' writing development.
Effect of Corn Grinding Methods and Particle Size on the Nutrient Digestibility of Chahua Chickens
Authors: Niu Guoyi , Zhang Tingrui , Cao Shengxiong , Zhang Xi , Tao Linli
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effect of grinding methods, including roller mill, hammer mill, and two-stage grinding, on the particle size distribution of corn and the effect of corn particle size on the nutrient digestibility of native chickens in Southwest China. The roller mill, hammer mill, and a combination of the hammer mill and roller mill were used to obtain corn with various coarseness. Corn with different coarseness obtained using a combination of the hammer mill and roller mill was fed to Chahua chicken No. 2-type chickens (CHC2s). A total of 192 CHC2s in weeks 12 and 19 were randomly allocated to eight groups in triplicate. The results show that the geometric mean diameter (dgw) and the geometric standard deviation (Sgw) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the grinding methods. The Sgw obtained when using a sieve of 2.0 mm in a hammer mill was lower (p < 0.05) than that obtained using a 4.5 mm sieve. Combining the roller mill and hammer mill increased the uniformity of the particle size when grinding coarse particles. For fine particles, the dgw and Sgw obtained when using the hammer mill were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those obtained when using the roller mill and two-stage grinding method. Reducing the particle size of the corn (<900 µm) significantly increased the dry matter, crude protein, amino acid digestibility, and apparent metabolizable energy in the chicken in weeks 12 and 19. Fine particles significantly increased the crude protein digestibility of the CHC2s at week 12, while there was no significant effect on the crude protein and amino acid digestibility in the CHC2s at week 19. In conclusion, different grinding methods can affect the particle size distribution. For a coarse particle size, combining the roller mill and hammer mill tends to produce a more uniform particle size. Finely ground corn (between 700 µm and 900 µm) improved the dry matter (DM), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and crude protein (CP) digestibility of the CHC2s at week 12. An increased particle size did not impact the CP and amino acid (AA) digestibility of the CHC2s at week 19.
Lawton’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Greek-Speaking Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Psychometric Evaluation Study with Additional Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis
Authors: Tafiadis Dionysios , Siafaka Vassiliki , Voniati Louiza , Prentza Alexandra , Papadopoulos Angelos , Ziavra Nafsika , Konitsiotis Spyridon
Published: July 2023

One of the components of a dementia diagnosis is the assessment of functional abilities. These abilities are measured via screeners, such as the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. The IADL scale is a valid tool that has been adapted in many languages. This study aimed to provide a cut-off point and validate the Greek version of the IADL scale in populations with cognitive impairment. IADL data were collected from 132 individuals: 24 PD patients, 24 Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients, and 24 AD patients. The remaining 60 participants were cognitive healthy adults (CHAs). The CHA group and the PD group served as the cognitively unimpaired group (CUG), while the PDD and AD groups served as the cognitively impaired group (CIG). Additionally, the MMSE, the AMTS, the Clock Drawing Test CDT, the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD), the NPI, and the GDS-15 were administered to the participants. Statistically significant differences in the IADL scores were exhibited between all subgroups. The IADL scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.890). A threshold equal to 6.00 (AUC = 0.888, p < 0.001) was estimated between the CUG and the CIG. Significant positive correlations were observed between IADL and MMSE (r = 0.764, p < 0.001), IADL and AMTS (r = 0.724, p < 0.001), IADL and ABCD (r = 0.702, p < 0.001), and IADL and CDT (r = 0.627, p < 0.001) results. Given the obtained results, the IADL scale is a valid tool for clinical use with high reliability and sensitivity. Also, the IADL scale is a valuable instrument for screening functional abilities associated with cognitive impairment.
The Judicious Use of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in the Primary Management of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Barbour Andrew B. , Kirste Simon , Grosu Anca-Liga , Siva Shankar , Louie Alexander V. , Onishi Hiroshi , Swaminath Anand , Teh Bin S. , Psutka Sarah P. , Weg Emily S. , Chen Jonathan J. , Zeng Jing , Gore John L. , Hall Evan , Liao Jay J. , Correa Rohann J. M. , Lo Simon S.
Published: July 2023

Localized renal cell carcinoma is primarily managed surgically, but this disease commonly presents in highly comorbid patients who are poor operative candidates. Less invasive techniques, such as cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation, are effective, but require percutaneous or laparoscopic access, while generally being limited to cT1a tumors without proximity to the renal pelvis or ureter. Active surveillance is another management option for small renal masses, but many patients desire treatment or are poor candidates for active surveillance. For poor surgical candidates, a growing body of evidence supports stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) as a safe and effective non-invasive treatment modality. For example, a recent multi-institution individual patient data meta-analysis of 190 patients managed with SABR estimated a 5.5% five-year cumulative incidence of local failure with one patient experiencing grade 4 toxicity, and no other grade ≥3 toxic events. Here, we discuss the recent developments in SABR for the management of localized renal cell carcinoma, highlighting key concepts of appropriate patient selection, treatment design, treatment delivery, and response assessment.
Assessing the Optimal Regimen: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Acting Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: You Zhixuan , Zhang Haotian , Huang Yining , Zhao Lei , Tu Hengjia , Zhang Yuzhuo , Lin Xinqing , Liang Wenhua
Published: July 2023

Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy are susceptible to prolonged and severe neutropenia. Multiple biosimilars of long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (LA-G-CSFs) have been newly developed to prevent this disease. Nonetheless, which LA-G-CSF regimen has the optimal balance of efficacy and safety remains controversial. Moreover, there is a lack of evidence supporting clinical decisions on LA-G-CSF dose escalation in poor conditions. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases were searched (December 2022) to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about LA-G-CSFs preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patients. No restrictions were imposed on language. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. We assessed the incidence of severe neutropenia (SN) and febrile neutropenia (FN), the duration of SN (DSN), and the absolute neutrophil account recovery time (ANCrt) for efficacy, while the incidence of severe adverse events (SAE) was assessed for safety. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022361606). A total of 33 RCTs were included. Our network meta-analysis demonstrated that lipegfilgrastim 6 mg and eflapegrastim 13.2 mg outperformed other LA-G-CSFs with high efficacy rates and few safety concerns (SUCRA of lipegfilgrastim 6 mg: ANC rt 95.2%, FN 97.4%; eflapegrastim 13.2 mg: FN 87%, SN 89.3%). Additionally, 3.6 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg, and 13.2 mg dosages all performed significantly better than 1.8 mg in reducing the duration of SN (3.6 mg: DSN, SMD −0.68 [−1.13, −0.22; moderate]; 4.5 mg: −0.87 [−1.57, −0.17; low]; 6 mg: −0.89 [−1.49, −0.29; moderate]; 13.2 mg: −1.02 [1.63, −0.41; high]). Increasing the dosage from the guideline-recommended 6 mg to 13.2 mg can reduce both the duration and incidence of SN (SMD −0.13 [−0.24 to −0.03], RR 0.65 [0.43 to 0.96], respectively), with no significant difference in SAE. For patients with breast cancer, lipegfilgrastim 6 mg and eflapegrastim 13.2 mg might be the most effective regimen among LA-G-CSFs. Higher doses of LA-G-CSF may enhance efficacy without causing additional SAEs.
Management of Primary Uterine Cervix B-Cell Lymphoma Stage IE and Fertility Sparing Outcome: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Stabile Guglielmo , Ripepi Chiara , Sancin Lara , Restaino Stefano , Mangino Francesco Paolo , Nappi Luigi , Ricci Giuseppe
Published: July 2023

The female genital tract can be involved as a secondary manifestation of disseminated lymphomas or leukaemia but can rarely be the primary site of so-called extranodal lymphomas. Primary lymphomas of the female genital tract can affect the uterine corpus, uterine cervix, vulva, vagina, or adnexa. Only about 0.008% of all cervical tumours are primary malignant lymphomas. The most common clinical presentation of primary cervical lymphomas is a history of prolonged minor abnormal uterine bleeding, while unstoppable bleeding at presentation is rarely reported in the literature. “B” symptoms related to nodal lymphomas are usually absent. Since vaginal bleeding is a nonspecific symptom, the first diagnostic hypothesis is usually of one of the more common female genital conditions such as cervical or endometrial carcinoma or sarcoma, fibroids, adenomyosis, or endometriosis. Cervical cytology is usually negative. Preoperative diagnosis requires deep cervical biopsy. No guidelines regarding optimal treatment exists; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are used in different combinations. Conservative treatment with the combination of surgery and chemotherapy or surgery and radiotherapy has been reported in a few cases with apparent success. With this review, we aim to understand what the best therapeutic approaches for this rare pathology in young and elderly women are. Moreover, we find favorable pregnancy outcome in patients treated with a fertility sparing approach.
DICER1 Syndrome: A Multicenter Surgical Experience and Systematic Review
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Ghionzoli Marco , Sahli Linda Idrissi , Guglielmo Carla , Frascella Silvia , Romano Silvia , Ferrari Carlo , Gennari Fabrizio , Conzo Giovanni , Morganti Riccardo , De Napoli Luigi , Quaglietta Lucia , De Martino Lucia , Picariello Stefania , Grandone Anna , Luongo Caterina , Gambale Antonella , Patrizio Armando , Fallahi Poupak , Antonelli Alessandro , Ferrari Silvia Martina
Published: July 2023

DICER1 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes patients to the development of malignant and non-malignant diseases. Presently, DICER1 syndrome diagnosis still occurs late, usually following surgical operations, affecting patients’ outcomes, especially for further neoplasms, which are entailed in this syndrome. For this reason, herein we present a multicenter report of DICER1 syndrome, with the prospective aim of enhancing post-surgical surveillance. A cohort of seven patients was collected among the surgical registries of Pediatric Surgery at the University of Pisa with the General and Oncologic Surgery of Federico II, University of Naples, and the Pediatric Surgery, Regina Margherita Hospital, University of Turin. In each case, the following data were analyzed: sex, age at diagnosis, age at first surgery, clinical features, familial, genetic investigations, and follow-up. A comprehensive literature review of DICER1 cases, including case reports and multicenter studies published from 1996 to June 2022, was performed. Eventually, the retrieved data from the literature were compared with the data emerging from our cohort of patients.
Prostate Cancer and Its Mimics—A Pictorial Review
Authors: Żurowska Anna , Pęksa Rafał , Bieńkowski Michał , Skrobisz Katarzyna , Sowa Marek , Matuszewski Marcin , Biernat Wojciech , Szurowska Edyta
Published: July 2023

Background: Multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) is gaining wider recommendations for diagnosing and following up on prostate cancer. However, despite the high accuracy of mpMRI, false positive and false negative results are reported. Some of these may be related to normal anatomic structures, benign lesions that may mimic cancer, or poor-quality images that hamper interpretation. The aim of this review is to discuss common potential pitfalls in the interpretation of mpMRI. Methods: mpMRI of the prostates was performed on 3T MRI scanners (Philips Achieva or Siemens Magnetom Vida) according to European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines and technical requirements. Results: This pictorial review discusses normal anatomical structures such as the anterior fibromuscular stroma, periprostatic venous plexus, central zone, and benign conditions such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), post-biopsy hemorrhage, prostatitis, and abscess that may imitate prostate cancer, as well as the appearance of prostate cancer occurring in these locations. Furthermore, suggestions on how to avoid these pitfalls are provided, and the impact of image quality is also discussed. Conclusions: In an era of accelerating prostate mpMRI and high demand for high-quality interpretation of the scans, radiologists should be aware of these potential pitfalls to improve their diagnostic accuracy.