bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of granulomatous skin lesions in a tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Agrawal Ranjan , Joshi Neharica , Arya Anjana , Mohan Nitesh , Choudhary Bharat Chandra
Published: February 2021

Granulomatous skin lesions frequently present as a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist because of various modes of presentation. Both infectious and non infectious causes lead to cutaneous granulomas. Histopathological diagnosis is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to classify the cutaneous granulomatous lesions.

To study the spectrum, prevlance and frequency of various types of granulomatous skin diseases according to the age and sex of the patient.

A cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out in the department of pathology, Rohilkhand medical college and hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh for the duration of 12 months (November 2018-October 2019). Punch biopsies received were fixed, grossed and processed, with the standard methods and were stained with hematoxylin and Eosin stain. All these biopsies were examined under the microscope and the slides in which granulomatous skin lesions were seen were selected for the study. Special stains were used wherever required.

The data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0.

Out of total 138 cases maximum number of patients belong to the age group of 21-40 years, with male preponderance. Infectious causes were the most common pathology leading to granulomatous skin lesions, with leprosy as the most common etiology.

Leprosy is the leading cause of granulomatous skin lesions in this study. Skin biopsies are an integral part of evaluating cutaneous granulomas. Histopathology along with special stains are the gold standard in reaching exact etiology for a final diagnosis.
To evaluate the sensitivity of cytological examination of endobronchial biopsy, BAL, bronchial brushing and sputum in diagnosing lung carcinoma
Authors: Singh Jai , Sharma Surekha
Published: February 2021

All the cases of suspected bronchial malignancy were included in present study in which broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy samples were received in pathology department for evaluation. Respective bronchial brushings & sputum samples were also studied where ever available.

Cross sectional study.

In our study, correctly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of lung on BAL were 27.7%, sqaumous cell carcinoma were 26.6%, small cell carcinoma were 40% and BAL cytodiagnosis from miscellaneous tumor could only be made in 14.2% cases.

Endobronchial biopsy and BAL, both were studied, sensitivity of cases increases and number of false negative cases decreases for diagnosis. Bronchial brushing has better sensitivity than BAL for diagnosis of lung carcinoma. Sputum is less sensitive than bronchial brushing for diagnosis of lung carcinoma.
Practical insight into the current management of chemotherapy induce nausea and vomiting: An indian survey
Authors: Bhagat Sagar , Patil Saiprasad , Barkate Hanmant
Published: February 2021

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most severe and distressing consequences of cytotoxic chemotherapies. The present survey was conducted to highlight current practice pattern, factors that contribute to failure and to determine current challenges and unmet need in the management of chemotherapy Induce Nausea and vomiting (CINV).

The present study was a questionnaire based survey conducted among oncologist/ hematologist and consisted of sample of 16 questions.

328 oncologist were included in the analysismajority (57%) being medical oncologist. CINV leading to dose reduction, delay or discontinuation was seen in 28% of the practioners with more than 10% in their usual practice. Breakthrough nausea and vomiting was the most common type of CINV experienced by patient on chemotherapy. Controlling CINV in delayed phase was the greatest perceived challenge by 62% respondents. In both Highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) setting, serotonin receptor antagonists (5HT3 RA) was the most preferred drug in both acute and delayed phase. NCCN was the most preferred guideline in 69% respondents. Ninty for percent of the respondent believed that there is a need for better drug in the management of CINV and the new drug should have superior efficacy, better control of delayed phase and single dose administration before chemotherapy.

Survey highlights the need for better contorl of delayed phase of CINV and the need for drug with better efficacy in delayed phase with single dose administration.

: The survey highlights unmet need and poor control in the management of delayed phase of nausea and vomiting. Also, majority of the oncologist felt the need for a new drug in the management of CINV.
Role of MUM-1 immunohistochemistry in prognosis of primary gastrointestinal diffuse large cell lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Kavita , Nikhra Pawan , Gupta Prachi , Agrawal Preeti
Published: February 2021

: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of primary gastrointestinal lymphomas. It is a clinically heterogenous disease as most patients respond well to therapy, however a significant proportion of these patients become refractory or eventually relapse. Different prognostic factors for response and survival have been described for DLBCL. Immunophenotypic algorithms with small panels of biomarkers have been developed to translate the robust information from molecular studies into a routine clinical.

platform. One of these biomarkers is MUM-1 which is used as a marker for classification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma into ABC type and its expression is associated with poorer overall survival as stated by various studies. We aim to study the expression pattern of MUM-1 IHC in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B cell lymphomas and its role in prognosis and survival outcome.

It was a five-year retrospective study where 40 cases of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL were identified, and MUM-1 IHC was done in 29 cases. Follow up and subsequent survival analysis was done.

MUM-1 was positive in 7 (24%) and negative in 22 (76%) cases of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL. The overall survival of patients with DLBCL with MUM-1 expression (42.9%) was shorter than those without MUM-1 expression (72.7%). This suggested that MUM-1 expression in cases with DLBCL is associated with poorer prognosis.

Multicentre large studies are warranted to study the role of MUM-1 IHC in prognosis of primary gastrointestinal DLBCL.
Pitfalls in cytological diagnosis of mucinous carcinomas of breast
Authors: Shivamurthy Archana , Jaiprakash Padmapriya , Vasudevan Geetha , Kudva Ranjini , Valiathan Manna
Published: February 2021

Mucinous (colloid) carcinoma (MC) of the breast is relatively rare and accounts for 1-6% of all breast cancers. Traditionally, pure mucinous tumors and mixed infiltrating ductal carcinomas with a mucinous component have been described. Pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast has a favorable prognosis than the mixed variety noted in several studies. The common age of presentation is the postmenopausal group. Cytological diagnosis of these tumors is challenging.

A retrospective study was conducted at our institute. 22 cases consisting of both mixed and pure mucinous carcinomas diagnosed by cytology and verified on histopathology between January 2007 and November 2015 were included in the study. All cytology and histopathology slides were reviewed.

A total of 22 cases were evaluated. The age ranged from 34-78years. The left breast was involved in 12 cases and the right breast in 10cases. 19 cases were diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma on cytology. However 12 of these cases were reported as pure mucinous carcinoma on biopsy. All these cases displayed abundant mucin, small nuclei and/or regular nuclear outlines on cytology. 7 cases turned out to be mixed tumors on histopathology. Sparse mucin, large nuclei, irregular nuclear outlines or the presence of nucleoli were found in mixed mucinous carcinomas but not in pure tumors. Three cases were diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) on cytology. One of these patients had 2 nodules, diagnosed on histopathological examination as IDC and mucinous carcinoma. Out of the other two cases, 1 case was diagnosed as cellular variant of mucinous carcinoma and another case as mixed carcinoma on biopsy. Cellular variant of mucinous carcinoma can mimic low grade ductal carcinoma on cytology. A thorough examination of the slides for mucinous material and few thin capillary fragments provide a valuable diagnostic clue.

The distinction between pure and mixed mucinous carcinoma is important, because patients with the former type have a much favorable prognosis, with a low propensity for lymph node and distant metastasis. Cytopathological identification of patients with pure mucinous carcinomas may be performed only in a limited number of cases. The various differential diagnosis should always be kept in mind while dealing with lesions associated with mucin. However the age of presentation, clinical features and radiological findings can help to further categorize the various mucinous lesions.
Immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, CK5/6 and BRCA1 in non familial breast cancer and its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters
Authors: Tuteja Rajat Kumar , Bagga Neha , Agarwal Preeti , Mehrotra Raj , Singh Kul Ranjan
Published: February 2021

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), a pathologically high grade subset of tumours has increasing prevalence in Indian population. Since their morphological features resemble with BRCA1 mutated inherited breast cancer, the present study was aimed to define the role of BRCA1 mutation in sporadic breast cancer.

1. To evaluate immunohistochemical expression of BRCA-1 in non familial breast cancer cases and to correlate with clinical and histopathological parameters.

Prospective & Retrospective study (August 2014-August 2015).

Tertiary care hospital in North Eastern India

189 cases of suspected breast cancer cases were included in the study. ER/PR/HER2 status was evaluated of 114 cases and molecular classification along with BRCA1 expression was seen in 62 patients.

SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 15.0 statistical Analysis Software. The values were represented in Number (%) and Mean±SD.

71.56% of cases belonged to Nottingham’s grade II and III. Among our groups maximum percentage were of TNBC (basal + non basal) and Her2 enriched i.e (30.6% respectively) followed by luminal B (24.2%) and luminal A (9.6%). 50% of cases in study sub population showed BRCA 1 loss. BRCA1 expression was nuclear and cytoplasmic in both control and cases. Maximum mean BRCA1 loss was seen in basal like, followed by triple negative non basal like, her2 enriched and minimum in luminal A.

Large percentage of TNBC, increased BRCA1 expression loss and high grade, indicates need to fulfil the vacant space of therapeutic modality in TNBC management. PARP inhibitors, the future of therapeutic management of TNBC might also be helpful in sporadic cases of breast cancer exhibiting BRCA1 expression loss.
A clinicopathological analysis of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses
Authors: Aarthy C N  , Bijjaragi Seema , Balaram Gautam , Pinto Melanie
Published: February 2021

Non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses involves a broad group of distinct reactive inflammatory conditions. They have overlapping morphological and clinical features and hence pose a diagnostic challenge to differentiate from other granulomatous dermatoses and affect the management of the patient.

To study the histopathological patterns of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses and to correlate with clinical features.

It is a retrospective study for a period of 5 years at a tertiary care centre in central Karnataka.

In the present study, out of 7273 skin biopsies there were 34 cases of non-infectious granulomatous dermatoses. Out of these 34 cases, granuloma annulare (50%) was the most common non-infectious granulomatous lesion followed by annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (14%), foreign body granuloma (9%), tattoo granuloma (9%) perforating folliculitis (9%), xanthoma(6%) and xanthelasma (3%).

Non-infectious granulomatous disorders of skin encompass a large group of disorders with overlapping features. Thus adequate clinical data and subtle histological findings are important for specific diagnosis which provides better patient management.
To develop cytology procedure as a routine and to get familiar with cytological appearances of the commonly encountered cervical and vaginal lesions
Authors: Kaur Dupinder , Agarwal Pooja
Published: February 2021

The material for the current investigation contained assessment of 1542 cervical/vaginal smear, taken from patients going to the out-tolerant Department of Obstretric and Gynecology and further shipped off Department of Pathology for cytomorphological examination. The legitimate example assortment is perhaps the main strides in pap smear screening. At any rate one half to 66% of bogus negatives are the aftereffect of patient conditions present at the hour of test assortment and accommodation and the expertise and information on the person who acquires the example. Sufficient cervical cytology tests ought to be gathered and submitted to the lab with proper clinical data.

Cross sectional observational study.

27 cases of epithelial cell abnormality, out of which 17 cases show Atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, 1 case show Atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance. 2 cases shows low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 2 cases shows high grade squamous intra epithelial lesions. A total of 5 smears show invasive carcinoma cervix.Maximum cases of LSIL were detected in 41-50 years of age group and maximum cases of HSIL were detected in 31-60 years of age group whereas maximum cases of carcinoma cervix were detected in 51-60 years of age group.

In the developing countries like India, cervical cytology, due to its low cost and easy availability, is the most important diagnostic tool for the screening of females of reproductive age group. The patient attending the Gynecology Out Patient Department were targeted in this study, so as to screening all the females, even with minor symptoms like discharge per vaginum.
Bilateral proptosis as an early manifestation of juvenile myelomonocitic leukemia in an African child
Authors: Pecorella Irene , Manna Nunzia , Calbi Valeria , Omona Venice , Okello Tom Richard
Published: February 2021

We report bilateral proptosis as the unusual initial presentation of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in a Ugandan child. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia was diagnosed with complete blood count and bone marrow aspiration biopsy. This is the first description of orbital involvement occurring in the setting of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, despite leukemic orbital infiltration is relatively common in the middle East, Asia, and Africa. In general, simultaneous neoplastic involvement of both orbits at presentation is also a rare finding, bur appears to be highly likely in leukemic children.
Unusual presentation of a common tumor
Authors: Nayak Prachi , George Asha Mary , Goel Atul
Published: February 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumour of liver. It is 5th most common malignancy in males and 8th most common tumour in females. The patients of HCC may remain clinically asymptomatic or may present with abdominal pain, weight loss, malaise, fever, jaundice or ascitis. HCC is a highly malignant tumor with frequent extrahepatic metastasis. The most frequent site of metastasis is lungs (47%), followed by lymph nodes (45%), bones (37%), and adrenal glands (12%). We present a case of 67 year old male, who presented with progressively increasing swelling in the left occipital region for 2 months. MRI brain showed large lobulated moderately enhancing T2 isointense to hyperintense and T1 hypointense mass lesion in occipital region, causing destruction of occipital bone with large intracranial extradural soft tissue component. Possibilities suggested were Meningioma or metastatic lesion. The scalp mass was excised. The histopathological examination of the excised tissue followed by elaborate immunohistochemistry suggested metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, which was later confirmed by S.AFP and multiphase CT thorax, abdomen, pelvis which showed multiple liver lesions. Initial presentation of HCC as a subcutaneous lesion is very rare and only very few cases of HCC presenting with primary soft tissue swelling have been reported.
An unusual case of a solitary fibrous tumor showing dense collagenisation mimicking osteoid & aberrant SATB2 positivity: A diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Singh Angad , Dey Debdeep
Published: February 2021

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm which is characterized by varying degrees of stromal collagenization including keloidal type collagen in extreme cases. It often shows hemangiopericytoma like architecture and is composed of bland spindled cells in a variably collagenized stroma. SFT shows diffuse strong STAT-6 immunohistochemical expression. We describe a case of an SFT in the palate which showed areas of hyalinization and dense collagen deposition mimicking osteoid along with SATB2 IHC positivity which can be a diagnostic pitfall.
Plant Growth Regulators Increase Soybean Yields by Delaying Leaf Senescence in Maize (Zea mays L.)-Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] Relay Strip Intercropping System
Authors: Kai Luo , Chen Xie , Wenyu Yang , Taiwen Yong
Published: February 2021

Background: The shading caused by maize inhibited the growth of soybean, reduced the yield of soybean under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. To investigate whether foliar spraying different types of plant growth regulators could improve the growth and yield of intercropped soybean.Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2018 to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying 6BA (6-benzylaminopurine), S3307 (uniconazole) and DTA-6 (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate), at the soybean beginning flowering stage, on the growth and yield of three soybean varieties (i.e., Nandou 25 (ND25), Gongqiu 8 (GQ8) and Guixia 3 (GX3)).Result: The leaf area index of three soybean varieties were highest in DTA-6 at 35 days after spraying (DAS) and no significant difference (p less than 0.05) were observed among three plant growth regulators. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content under 6BA and DTA-6 treatments were significantly higher than CK and S3307 at 35 DAS. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) and antioxidant substances (i.e., GSH (Glutathione) were increased after spraying 6BA, S3307 and DTA-6 in three soybean varieties at 35 DAS. Independent soybean varieties, foliar spraying 6BA, S3307 and DTA-6 increased the soybean yield, pods per plant, 100-grains weight and grain per plant and the effect of DTA-6 (60 mg l -1) treatment were best than others.
Evaluation of Some Morphological Criteria to Drought Tolerance on Seedling of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG6000)
Authors: Draweel Mohamed Milad , Soegianto Andy , Soetopo Lita , Kuswanto Kuswanto
Published: February 2021

Background: Bambara groundnut has the ability to drought tolerance and has high nutritional value and is one than Legume crops untapped, which need attention. Therefore in this research, it will look at the relationship between osmotic stress caused by a concentration of PEG and drought tolerance to get some genotypes has ability drought tolerance. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia in January-March 2019. The objective of the experiment was an evaluation of some morphological criteria to drought tolerance on the seedling for thirty genotypes of Bambara groundnut using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 by three concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%). A complete randomized design was used for this experiment with three replicates. Result: The 10% PEG was the most suitable concentration to select Bambara groundnut lines for drought tolerance. Genotypes give different responses to concentrations of PEG. In susceptible lines, there are germination constraints, such as Prevent and germination delayed, the formation of hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight and dry matter, while drought-tolerant lines can germinate normally. Obtained six lines that were tolerant to drought, five local, namely BBL 1.1, PWBG 5.2.1, PWBG 6, SS 2.4.2, SS 3.4.2 and one from Thailand which is Tvsu 86.
Nëpyëtëjkyë’n: Reciprocidad en el mixe de Tamazulápam
Authors: Santiago Martínez Godofredo G.
Published: February 2021

This text comes from the Mixe oral tradition. Hidolina Santiago Jiménez, a 13-year old girl who is a Mixe native speaker from Duraznal, Tamazulápam, narrated this text. The first part describes how Juan, her husband, and Pedro feed the ants, an eagle, and a jaguar because they were starving. In the second part, the three humans are in trouble because they must carry out activities that are almost impossible; but the insects and animals help them to accomplish their tasks. Such texts from the Mixe oral tradition teach us about the responsibilities that humans should take on.
Editorial
Authors: Lucero-Babativa Edgar
Published: February 2021

Editorial
International Practices in Foreign Exchange Reserves Management
Authors: Narkevich S.
Published: February 2021

The paper explores modern international practices in foreign exchange reserves management. First, key goals of FX reserves management are presented. According to the goals, there are two dimensions of reserve portfolio management that are employed by monetary authorities: achieving optimal size of the portfolio and constructing optimal structure of the portfolio. Then, general rules of FX reserves management are discussed. Best practices developed by IMF and major world central banks require several salient features to be implemented into the reserve management framework. The strategy of reserve management and its targets should be clearly defined with basic principles ingrained in the everyday routine of portfolio managers. Technological and organizational practices should produce a reliable and efficient operational system that processes transactions quickly and without interruptions. Sufficient flexibility and possibilities for upgrade should be factored into all IT-systems. Reserve facilities and back-up systems need to be created and installed in advance so that they can be put into use instantly and provide uninterrupted functioning and transactions execution. Risk management framework should incorporate rules dealing with all major types of risks and at the same time meeting operational targets that are specific to central banks as portfolio managers. Thus, among the most important questions of risk management is matching ample liquidity of the portfolio with the necessity to maintain its value and provide some extra yield. This directly influences the asset structure of FX reserves portfolio with large share of high-rated and liquid assets (mostly sovereign issued bonds). Finally, FX reserves management system in Japan and Norway are analyzed. With 2nd largest reserves portfolio in the world Japan pays surprisingly low attention to FX portfolio management keeping most of its reserves in highly liquid US-issued papers. Norway’s experience of managing its oil and gas revenues provides insights in how it should be done in an efficient manner for a resource-exporting country.
Imperatives of Social Policy in Times of Crisis
Authors: Sadovaya E. , Tsapenko I.
Published: February 2021

The crisis affecting Russia provokes risks of rising unemployment, reducing real incomes, growing poverty, worsening demographic situation and other negative social trends. It accentuates acute structural problems challenging future human development, threatening with social and economic degradation of Russia. Workforce employment structure by economic activity and occupation lacks economic efficiency and social reasonability. Poor state of labor protection results in high incidence of work accidents. Obsolete labor regulations prevent the employment adjustment to reindustrialization shocks. Huge and unfair gaps in workers remuneration by economic activity, region and occupation cause high income inequality. Low level of remuneration in many economic activities, including those contributing to modernization of economy, leads to high working poverty and low attractiveness of innovative sectors to workers. Persistent low fertility, high mortality and low life-spam engender unsupportable demographic development and risks of restarting depopulation. Uncontrolled immigration of unqualified workforce from developing Asian countries is a source of growing social, ethno-cultural and political tensions. There are risks of growing emigration and turning flows of adaptive migrants away from Russia to EU. Structural and institutional reforms are to be realized to counteract these problems and risks and overcome crisis. Such measures are to get over the unjustified unbalances in employment and remuneration distribution, to form new competences and professional attitudes and raise stability of demographic development, supply of labor resources and boost their productivity. These changes may create social premises for transition to economic growth of new quality based on frontier technologies, wide innovations and high human development. At the same time high-tech economy development poses challenges of high unemployment, and labor market policies are to maintain balance between the needs of conserving stable employment and realizing economic transformations. Solution of many acute national problems should be based of complex approach, supposing package type of measures and simultaneity of social and economic reforms.
Jasa penyediaan biodiversitas pada sistem agroforest kaliwu
Authors:   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Kupang, N. Njurumana Gerson
Published: February 2021

Biodiversity plays a strategic role in the socio-economic system of a community, through the supply of essential services for humans and ecosystems. Diverse services encourage people to manage the ecosystem of the environment. For instance, the Kaliwu agroforests are a multi-species dryland farm developed by the community on Sumba Island for various services providing such as food production. However, data and information on food crop biodiversity in Kaliwu, and its contribution to food ingredients are not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the food plant biodiversity and its contribution to meeting household needs. Data were obtained through field observations, and interviews were conducted on 70 household units in Kaliwu, Central Sumba Regency. The data and information were descriptively-qualitatively analyzed. The result showed that the biodiversity of food source plants consists of 12 types of cassava groups and 46 types of fruit. Each farmer has several biodiversities composed of different food plants, determined by their decisions. The variation in the contribution of food to per capita needs, such as cassava contributes 35-41%, while fruits range from 55-81%. Kaliwu plays a significant role in supporting biodiversity conservation and in meeting food needs. Therefore, the drive to empower Kaliwu as an alternative to building community-based food security is needed to provide added value
Fungi Mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) yang berasosiasi dengan Durio zibethinus di Kabupaten manokwari, Papua Barat, Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Cendrawasih Jayapura, suharno Suharno , Agustini Verena , Sufaati Supeni
Published: February 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a symbiosis between fungi and plants. This association is mutualism, AMF contributes to increased plant growth while fungi obtain energy sources from plant assimilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of AMF with durian plants (Durio zibethinus) in Manokwari, West Papua. The survey was conducted in 10 villages located in 4 districts known as the center for producing durian. Observation of the presence of AMF spores in the plant's rhizosphere was carried out by the wet sieving method. Furthermore, to find out the association between the two symbionts is done by observing AMF colonization in plant roots. The types of AMF found in the plant's rhizosphere are morphologically identified based on spore characteristics. The results showed that durian was associated with AMF. The percentage of AMF colonization ranged from 39.29 to 80.00%, while the number of spores was 112-336 spores per 100 grams of soil sample. Based on the spore morphological characteristics, AMF found is dominated by the genus Glomus, Scutellospora, and Acaulospora.
Kemampuan berakar setek pucuk dari beberapa tanaman induk Pinus merkusii kandidat bocor getah
Authors:   Balai Diklat SDM KLHK, Nugrahanto Gunawan , Na'iem Mohammad ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indrioko Sapto , Faridah Eny , Widiyatno Widiyatno
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine the rooting ability of 24 clones of Pinus merkusii with high resin yield. The explants were propagated by shoot cutting that produced callus. The variables of root cuttings ability were root percentage, cutting height growth, number and length of primary roots, number and length of secondary roots, root volume, root biomass, and shoot-root ratio. The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design with treatments of 14 clones from hedge orchard (called as pkp clone hereafter) and 10 clones from a progeny trial (called as ppt clone hereafter) with 4 treeplots and 4 replications. The results showed that clones' origin had caused differences in root percentage, length of primary roots, number and length of secondary roots, and shoot-root ratio (P value <0.05). Clones originated from hedge orchard were always significantly better. Almost all clones from hedge orchard have a good rooted ability (>70%). Meanwhile, the clones from the progeny trial showed better height growth.
Jasa penyediaan biodiversitas pada sistem agroforest kaliwu
Authors:   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan hidup dan Kehutanan Kupang, N. Njurumana Gerson
Published: February 2021

Biodiversity plays a strategic role in the socio-economic system of a community, through the supply of essential services for humans and ecosystems. Diverse services encourage people to manage the ecosystem of the environment. For instance, the Kaliwu agroforests are a multi-species dryland farm developed by the community on Sumba Island for various services providing such as food production. However, data and information on food crop biodiversity in Kaliwu, and its contribution to food ingredients are not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the food plant biodiversity and its contribution to meeting household needs. Data were obtained through field observations, and interviews were conducted on 70 household units in Kaliwu, Central Sumba Regency. The data and information were descriptively-qualitatively analyzed. The result showed that the biodiversity of food source plants consists of 12 types of cassava groups and 46 types of fruit. Each farmer has several biodiversities composed of different food plants, determined by their decisions. The variation in the contribution of food to per capita needs, such as cassava contributes 35-41%, while fruits range from 55-81%. Kaliwu plays a significant role in supporting biodiversity conservation and in meeting food needs. Therefore, the drive to empower Kaliwu as an alternative to building community-based food security is needed to provide added value
Macrophages Fuel Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Schilling Joel D.
Published: February 2021

In this commentary we discuss new findings presented by Shang et al. regarding the role of macrophage-derived glutamine in skeletal muscle repair. Loss-of-function of glutamate dehydrogenase in macrophages led to an upregulation of glutamine synthesis which sustained glutamine levels in muscle tissue and facilitated satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.
Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium by Sodium Alginate Fiber Biochar Loaded with Lanthanum
Authors: Sun Xinzhe , Guo Peng , Sun Yuanyuan , Cui Yuqian
Published: February 2021

Lanthanum chemical compound incorporates a sensible anionic complexing ability, however lacks stability at low pH scale. Biochar fibers will benefit of their massive space and plethoric useful teams on surface to support metal chemical compound. Herein, wet spinning technology was used to load La3+ onto sodium alginate fiber, and convert La3+ into La2O3 through carbonization. The La2O3 modified biochar (La-BC) fiber was characterized by SEM, XRD and XPS, etc. The adsorption experiment proved that La-BC showed excellent adsorption capacity for chromates, and its saturation adsorption capacity was about 104.93mg/g. The information suggested that the adsorption was in step with both Langmuir and Freundlich model, followed pseudo-second-order surface assimilation mechanics, which instructed that the Cr (VI) adsorption was characterized by single-phase and polyphase adsorption, mainly chemical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameter proved that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The mechanistic investigation revealed that the mechanism of adsorption of Cr (VI) by La-BC may include electrostatic interaction, ligand exchange or complexation. Moreover, co-existing anions and regeneration experiments proved that La-BC was recyclable and had a good prospect in the field of chrome-containing wastewater removal.
Pengaruh Pemberian Molases dan Gula Pasir Terhadap pH dan Produksi Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureun sp).
Authors: Wakano Fahruddin , Nohong Budiman , Rinduwati Rinduwati
Published: February 2021

Preservation of forage with silage method has been widely practiced by farmers, one of the factors that influence the success of making silage is the addition of additives, such as molasses. However, molasses is not available in all regions. For that we need a material that can be an alternative substitute for silage, namely granulated sugar, besides having nutritional value that is almost the same as molasses, sugar also contains water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) which is easily utilized by lactic acid bacteria as an energy source during the ensilage process. This study aims to determine the effect of molasses and sugar levels on pH values and dry matter of elephant grass silage. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1: control, P2: Molases 4%, P3: Sugar 4%, P4: Molases 6% and P5: 6% sugar. So that the total sample unit is 15 units and one unit of fresh material samples. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the pH value and dry matter of silage. The results showed that the administration of sugar additives at the level of 4% in silage had the same quality as silage which was given molasses at the level of 4%. However, at the level of 6% silage which is given molasses it has better quality than silage which is given sugar. This shows that granulated sugar can be used as an alternative to molasses in making silage.
Pemanfaatan Jerami Kacang Hijau Dengan Penambahan Feses Sapi Dan Effective Microorganisme Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Di Kelurahan Manggali Kecamatan Pallangga
Authors: Asriany Anie
Published: February 2021

Pengomposan merupakan proses bahan organic yang mengalami penguraian secara  biologis, khususnya mikroba yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energy.  Kotoran ternak dapat dimanfaatkan  sebagai  pupuk  kandang  karena kandungan unsur hara seperti nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), dan kalium (K) yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dan kesuburan tanah. Limbah pertanian antara  lain dapat berupa jerami tanaman pangan, limbah tanaman perkebunan, dan kotoran ternak.  Limbah  pertanian  berupa  jerami  kacang hijau  sebagai kompos karena menpunyai  kandungan kalium yang tinggi,  dapat  meningkatkan  kandungan  unsur  hara K pada pupuk kandang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui melihat kualitas kompos   jerami kacang hijau dengan  penambahan  feses  sapi  dan EM4,  terhadap waktu optimal pengomposan dan kualitas  pupuk  kandang sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Pupuk kandang yang diperoleh dianalisis kadar N, P, K, C-organik, rasio C/N, dan kadar airnya. Hasil analisis dibandingkan dengan SNI 19-7030-2004. Analisis pupuk kandang dilakukan pada  30, hari Hasil analisis  kompos dengan  EM4  lebih efektif dan memerlukan waktu  yang lebih cepat untuk mendekomposisi bahan organik dalam kompos.  Kualitas kompos yang memenuhi SNI 19-7030-2004 (rasio C/N, kadar N, P, K, air, dan C-organik).
Pengaruh Pengunjung Terhadap Tingkah Laku dan Konsumsi Makan Rusa Totol (Axis-axis) Pada Penangkaran Rusa Totol di Fakultas Peternakan Unhas
Authors: Suharto Agil , Asriany Anie , Ismartoyo Ismartoyo
Published: February 2021

Rusa totol ( axis – axis ) merupakan salah satu spesies yang tinggal di daerah tropis yang disebut Indian Deerpopulasinya sebanyak di temukan di luar habitat aslinya, khusus di penangkaran, Rusa dapat menjadi daya tarik pengunjung di penangkaran, karena penampilannya yang menarik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai juli 2019. Di penangkaran rusa Fakultas Peternakan Unhas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengunjung terhadap  pemberian pakan oleh pengunjung terhadap konsumsi makan dan tingkah laku rusa. Metode pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan ( observasi survey ) dengan metode Time Sampling dilakukan terhadap rusa yang berada di penangkaran, wawancara dengan pengunjung serta studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan yang diberikan oleh pengunjung meliputi kangkung, wortel, sawi.  rumput lapangan, hal ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap tingkah laku dan konsumsi makan rusa, akan tetapi memberikan perubahan pada tingkah laku dan konsumsi makan yang meningkat.
POTENSI PADANG PENGGEMBALAAN ALAM UNTUK TERNAK KAMBING DI DESA MINASA UPA KECAMATAN BONTOA KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Iswanto . , Budiman . , Rinduwati .
Published: February 2021

Padang penggembalaan sebagai sumber pakan hijauan yang telah dimanfaatkan di Sulawesi Selatan akan tetapi belum maksimal manajemen padang penggembalaan alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui padang penggembalaan alam untuk ternak kambing di desa Minasa Upa kecamatan Bontoa kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini Menggunakan Deskriptif yaitu menbandingkan literatur dan keadaan dilapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa padang penggembalaan alam di desa Minasa Upa kecamatan Bontoa kabupaten Maros mengalami over stocking yang tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah padang pengembalaan alam belum mencukupi kebutuhan hijauan ternak dengan meningkatkan produksi hijauan dan mengurangi jumlah ternak suatu padang penggembalaan dapat lebih efektif padang penggembalaan untuk ternak kambing.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK BAHAN PAKAN SUMBER PROTEIN DAN SUMBER ENERGI
Authors: Latief Muhammad Fadhlirrahman
Published: February 2021

Sifat fisik bahan merupakan bagian dari kategori karakteristik mutu (besaran yang dapat langsung diamati atau diukur dari bahan pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik bahan pakan sumber protein dan sumber energi. Penelitian menggunakan analissis deskriptif. Materi yang digunakan yaitu bungkil kedelai, bungkil kelapa, dan tepung rese untuk bahan pakan sumber protein dan pollard, dedak dan jagung giling untuk bahan pakan sumber protein. Parameter yang diukur yaitu KT; kerapatan tumpukan (kg/m3),  KPT; kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan (kg/m3), BJ; berat jenis (kg/m3), dan  ST;sudut tumpukan (o). Hasil penelitian menunnjukkan sifat fisik bahan pakan sumber protein yaitu KT 5507,66 (kg/m3), KPT 5728 (kg/m3), BJ 1483,33(kg/m3), ST 31,03 (o). Sifat fisik bahan pakan sumber protein KT 4613,66( kg/m3), KPT 5205,66 (kg/m3), BJ 3948,33 (kg/m3), ST 32,25 (kg/m3). Kesimpulannya adalah bahan pakan sumber protein lebih tinggi kerapatan tumpukkan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukannya menunjukkan lebih volumious daripada bahan pakan sumber energi.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMBERIAN PUPUK BOKASHI TERHADAP PRODUKSI HIJAUAN SORGUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
Authors: Risna . , Nohong Budiman , Rinduwati .
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  level pemberian pupuk bokashi  terhadap produksi hijauan sorgum manis. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan.Perlakuan yang diberikan sebagai berikut : T0 : Kontrol (tanpa pupuk);   T1 : Pupuk Bokashi 60 ton/ ha setara dengan 300 g/polybag;   T2 : Pupuk Bokashi 100 ton/ ha setara dengan 500 g/polybag;  T3 : Pupuk Bokashi 140ton/ha setara dengan 700 g/ polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk bokashi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada tanaman sorgum manis. Uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa produksi hijauan  segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan  T1 nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan produksi hijauan  segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T0 (kontrol). Produksi hijauan  segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T2 dan T3 sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibanding dengan produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T0 (kontrol). Sedangkan produksi hijauan segar dan bahan kering pada perlakuan T2 dan T3 tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian dosis pupuk bokashi  sampai level 100 ton/ha (500 g/polybag ) meningkatkan produksi bahan segar dan bahan kering sorgum manis.
PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI BIJI DENGAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS, MEKANIK DAN ASAM TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN BIBIT DAN PERTUMBUHAN AWAL LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala)
Authors: Rusdy Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Pengaruh skarifikasi dengan air panas, mekanik dan asam terhadap kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) diteliti. Hasil berbagai metoda skarifikasi biji  menunjukkan bahwa semua metoda skarifikasi yang digunakan memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal  Lamtoro. Perendaman biji di dalam asam sulfat selama 20 dan 24 menit menghasilkan persentase kemunculan bibit, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomassa bahan kering tertinggi dan indeks kemunculan bibit terendah, disusul dengan skarifikasi mekanik dengan pemotongan biji pada bagian mikropil dan perlakuan air panas temperatur 80o C selama dua menit. Kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro terendah diperoleh pada kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa skarifikasi biji dibutuhkan untuk memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal bibit Lamtoro dengan skarifikasi asam merupakan metode terbaik, walaupun dari sudut pandang petani, karena kesulitan penanganan dan biaya yan tinggi mungkin bukan merupakan metode terbaik.
Production Forecast, Analysis and Simulation of Eagle Ford Shale Oil Wells
Authors: Alotaibi Basel , Schechter David , Wattenbarger Robert A.
Published: February 2021

In previous works and published literature, production forecast and production decline of unconventional reservoirs were done on a single-well basis. The main objective of previous works was to estimate the ultimate recovery of wells or to forecast the decline of wells in order to estimate how many years a well could produce and what the abandonment rate was. Other studies targeted production data analysis to evaluate the completion (hydraulic fracturing) of shale wells.

The purpose of this work is to generate field-wide production forecast of the Eagle Ford Shale (EFS). In this paper, we considered oil production of the EFS only. More than 6 thousand oil wells were put online in the EFS basin between 2008 and December 2013. The method started by generating type curves of producing wells to understand their performance. Based on the type curves, a program was prepared to forecast the oil production of EFS based on different drilling schedules; moreover drilling requirements can be calculated based on the desired production rate. In addition, analysis of daily production data from the basin was performed. Moreover, single-well simulations were done to compare results with the analyzed data.

Findings of this study depended on the proposed drilling and developing scenario of EFS. The field showed potential of producing high oil production rate for a long period of time. The presented forecasted case gave and indications of the expected field-wide rate that can be witnessed in the near future in EFS.

The method generated by this study is useful for predicting the performance of various unconventional reservoirs for both oil and gas. It can be used as a quick-look tool that can help if numerical reservoir simulations of the whole basin are not yet prepared. In conclusion, this tool can be used to prepare an optimized drilling schedule to reach the required rate of the whole basin.
Completion Advancements in the Khulud Unconventional Gas Project
Authors: Elliott D.. , Al Abri S..
Published: February 2021

PDO's Khulud unconventional gas project is progressing from the Appraisal phase to the Pilot phase. This maturation of unconventional gas resources in PDO is resulting in revolutionary changes to completion designs as well as fracturing operational optimization. Safety and economic challenges to reduce operational manpower exposure, reduce cost and increase production have resulted in considerable advancement in well and operational design including: Elimination of Sub-Surface Safety Valve use on low initial rate and near liquid loading wells.Changes to velocity string designs including wellhead hang-off (enabled by SSSV elimination); designs for scale inhibitor injection and salt removal circulations as well as contingency for future plunger lift applications.Horizontal well designs including both cased and perforated and open hole designs are being implemented.
Successful Post-Fracture Stimulation Well Cleanup and Testing of Tight Gas Reservoirs in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Clark Robert , Husain Ali , Rainey Stephen
Published: February 2021

Tight gas/tight oil reservoirs require fracture stimulation to achieve commercial rates of hydrocarbons. Fracturing operations involve pumping considerable volumes of proppant and water/gel into the reservoir. Rapid cleanup of fracturing fluids and residual proppant ensures the desired goals of the stimulation operations are achieved: enhancing the flow capacity of the well while minimizing the risk of proppant damage to surface equipment. It is normal for significant quantities of proppant and frac fluid to flow back after opening the well for cleanup. Frac fluid often contains broken cross-linked gel, which must be flowed back to ensure cleanup of the fracture and minimize plugging of the fracture face and the proppant pack.

In North America, it is not unusual for frac fluid recovery to be only a small fraction of the amount of injected fluid. Frac fluid recovery of 5 to 30 percent is not unusual and 50 percent is often considered excellent.

In the Sultanate of Oman, BP is currently achieving 50 to 90 percent frac fluid recovery, while pressure transient analysis indicates post-frac skin damage figures of -6 or better, indicating excellent stimulation effectiveness. Critically, no proppant has flowed through to the surface facility. These cleanup procedures have been conducted in wells with a variety of frac types including 450,000 to 1,000,000 lb cross-linked gel fracs and multiple 17,000 bbl slick water fracs.

An analysis of the procedures used to achieve these results will be presented in this paper. It indicates that allowing the frac to close and opening the well on a moderate choke, with re-direction of the post-frac fluid through effective sand management systems, followed by flowing the well at a managed drawdown against the reservoir has achieved excellent results. These results underpinned the decision to move forward in this multi-billion dollar development project.