bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of digitalization of the legal business education
Authors: Sadkov Andrey , Kvitsinia Natalia , Sandalova Viktoria
Published: May 2021

This article attempts to consider the phenomenon of digitalization of education in the construction of a digital economy, to identify the most significant problems, risks, as well as the vector of modification of the educational process from the standpoint of legal and ethical regulation. Results: according to the results of the study, the authors made proposals to improve state standards in the field of law in terms of updating competencies in the context of digitalization of the economy, identified promising educational innovations, proposed ways to modernize the educational process. Conclusion: the system of legal business education is in a state of transformation, requires updating of state standards in the field of training “jurisprudence”, updating the curriculum, content and typology of seminars, as well as the introduction of educational innovations in the educational process.
Aspects of administrative responsibility in a digital environment: problems and prospects
Authors: Volkov Vyacheslav , Yevsikova Yelena , Kravchenko Natalia , Ponomarev Aleksandr , Rusanova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article examines the features of administrative liability under the administrative proceedings in the context of the trend towards the widespread digitization of different types of judicial proceedings. The authors research current Administrative-tort legislation of the Russian Federation and elements of the electronic justice system typical for such administrative procedures. It is revealed the features of digitalization during the procedure for handling cases on administrative offenses provided by the Draft of Procedural Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses. Researching the peculiarities of the procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility, the authors come to the conclusion that a number of significant problems and violations of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of persons participating in the case are inevitable, which will arise as a result of the introduction of an electronic justice system in cases of administrative offenses. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there is a need for further scientific and practical understanding of all aspects of the implementation of the electronic justice system in cases of administrative offenses in order to focus it on ensuring high-quality and effectiveimplementation by the participants in proceedings in cases of administrative offenses of their rights, freedoms and legal interests.
Endoscopic Endonasal versus Transcranial Optic Canal Decompression: A Morphometric, Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kim Jun , Plitt Aaron R , Vance Awais , Connors Scott , Caruso James , Welch Babu , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas
Published: May 2021

Introduction Decompression of the optic nerve within the optic canal is indicated for compressive visual decline. The two most common approaches utilized for optic canal decompression are a medial approach with an endoscopic endonasal approach and a lateral approach with a craniotomy. Our study is a cadaveric anatomical study comparing the length and circumference of the orbit decompressed via an endoscopic endonasal approach versus a frontotemporal craniotomy.

Methods Five cadaveric specimens were utilized. Predissection computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on each specimen. On each specimen, a standard frontotemporal craniotomy with anterior clinoidectomy and superolateral orbital decompression was performed on one side and an endoscopic endonasal approach with medial wall decompression was performed on the contralateral side. Post-dissection CT scans were performed. An independent radiologist provided measurements of the length (mm) and circumference (degrees) of optic canal decompression bilaterally.

Results The mean length of optic canal decompression for open and endoscopic approach was 13 mm (range 12–15 mm) and 12.4 mm (range 10–16 mm), respectively. The mean circumference of decompression for open and endoscopic approaches was 252.8 degrees (range 205–280 degrees) and 124.6 degrees (range 100–163 degrees), respectively.

Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal and the transcranial approaches provide a similar length of optic canal decompression, but the transcranial approach leads to greater circumferential decompression. The endoscopic endonasal approach has the benefit of being minimally invasive, though. Ultimately, the surgical approach decision should be based on the location of the pathology and the surgeon's comfort.
Treatment Outcomes of Sinonasal Malignancies Involving the Orbit
Authors: Shin Chul Ho , Lee Ho Jun , Chung Yoo-Sam , Kim Ji Heui
Published: May 2021

Objective Orbital invasion is associated with a poor prognosis in cases of sinonasal malignancy. This study aimed to analyze the oncological outcomes of sinonasal malignancies involving the orbit.

Patients and Methods We reviewed the medical records of 116 patients with a sinonasal malignancy who had orbital invasion at initial diagnosis and followed up at least 6 months between June 1991 and October 2017 at a single institute. The overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates according to the clinicopathological factors, extent to orbit, and treatment modality were compared.

Results Patients were mainly treated with surgery and postoperative radiation (n = 39, 33.6%) and concurrent chemoradiation (n = 72, 62.1%). Only five patients (5.1%) underwent orbital exenteration. The OS, DSS, and PFS rates significantly decreased in patients older than 60 years of age and in patients with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (each p < 0.001). The OS and DSS rates were higher in patients at clinical T3 and N0 stage than in patients at clinical T4 and N1–2 stage (each p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in survival and local control rates according to the extent of orbital invasion, treatment modalities, and orbital preservation. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation or concurrent chemoradiation increased survival rates in the patients treated with surgery.

Conclusion Orbit preservation and relatively successful oncological outcome could be obtained with surgery and adjuvant radiation or concurrent chemoradiation.
Cholecystectomy during COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Nnaji Martin , Murcott David , Salgaonkar Hrishikesh , Aladeojebi Adebimpe , Athwal Tejinderjit , Cheruvu Chandra V. N.
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health care globally with restructuring and prioritization of health care services. We prospectively analyzed 104 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the peak of COVID-19 in 2020 and compared with 217 patients from the same period in 2019. Emergency admissions constituted majority of cases with no statistical difference between both groups (p = 0.49). Most cholecystectomies were for biliary colic (41.3 vs. 35.5%) and cholecystitis (37.5 vs. 43.8%) without any statistically difference (p = 0.31 and p = 0.29, respectively). This study demonstrates that laparoscopic cholecystectomy was feasible and safe in patients with symptomatic gall bladder disease during the peak period for COVID-19.
Modifiable Factors and Delays Associated with Neonatal Deaths and Stillbirths in Jordan: Findings from Facility-Based Neonatal Death and Stillbirth Audits
Authors: Alyahya Mohammad S. , Khader Yousef S. , Al-Sheyab Nihaya A , Shattnawi Khulood K. , Altal Omar F. , Batieha Anwar
Published: May 2021

Objective This study employed the “three-delay” model to investigate the types of critical delays and modifiable factors that contribute to the neonatal deaths and stillbirths in Jordan.

Study Design A triangulation research method was followed in this study to present the findings of death review committees (DRCs), which were formally established in five major hospitals across Jordan. The DRCs used a specific death summary form to facilitate identifying the type of delay, if any, and to plan specific actions to prevent future similar deaths. A death case review form with key details was also filled immediately after each death. Moreover, data were collected from patient notes and medical records, and further information about a specific cause of death or the contributing factors, if needed, were collected.

Results During the study period (August 1, 2019–February 1, 2020), 10,726 births, 156 neonatal deaths, and 108 stillbirths were registered. A delay in recognizing the need for care and in the decision to seek care (delay 1) was believed to be responsible for 118 (44.6%) deaths. Most common factors included were poor awareness of when to seek care, not recognizing the problem or the danger signs, no or late antenatal care, and financial constraints and concern about the cost of care. Delay 2 (delay in seeking care or reaching care) was responsible for nine (3.4%) cases. Delay 3 (delay in receiving care) was responsible for 81 (30.7%) deaths. The most common modifiable factors were the poor or lack of training that followed by heavy workload, insufficient staff members, and no antenatal documentation. Effective actions were initiated across all the five hospitals in response to the delays to reduce preventable deaths.

Conclusion The formation of the facility-based DRCs was vital in identifying critical delays and modifiable factors, as well as developing initiatives and actions to address modifiable factors.

Key Points
Academic Stress and Study Habits of Health Science University Students
Authors: Shetty Sukesh , Kamath Neetha , Nalini M.
Published: May 2021

Introduction Academic stress and study habits are crucial indicators of academic success. At the moment, faulty study habits press on the students into academic stress. The present study was conducted to identify the academic stress and study habits of university students of health science.

Methods This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 150 undergraduate students of nursing, physiotherapy, and pharmacy (n = 50 in each group). A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The information on academic stress and study habits was collected by using the Student Stress Inventory and Palsane and Sharma Study Habit Inventory, respectively.

Results Mean score of academic stress was found to be 75.353 ± 16.463. Pharmacy students had a higher level of stress compared to physiotherapy and nursing students (p = 0.013). Furthermore, the prevalence of unsatisfactory study habits among undergraduate students was 72%, with a mean score of 52.7 ± 9.152. Also, nursing students had a higher level of study habits compared to physiotherapy and pharmacy Students. There was no significant relationship found between study habits and academic stress (r = −0.048, p = 0.557). There was a significant association found between study habits and gender (p = 0.021), as well the association found between stress level and course type, Pre-University Course percentage, and first-year percentage (p = 0.044, 0.04, and 0.044 respectively).

Conclusion Academic stress and poor study habits are prevalent among undergraduate students. This indicates strategies need to be formed to enhance healthy study habits and alleviate the academic stress of the students, mainly in professional courses; it is an urgent need.
Cerebrovascular Complications of Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Rayan Tarek , Helal Ahmed , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Objective Cerebrovascular complications (CVC) are rare consequences of vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Our objective was to assess incidences of findings suggestive of postoperative CVC in a large single surgeon cohort, as well as potential risk factors, and implications.

Study Design A cohort of 591 patients was retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative magnetic resonance images were screened for findings suggestive of stroke, T2 hyperintensity in the cerebellopontine angle structures or new encephalomalacia. Clinical records were queried for findings consistent with postoperative CVC.

Results In total, 61 patients had radiographic findings consistent with possible postoperative CVC (10%); of them, eight had documented intraoperative vascular injury (1.4%), and four had postoperative clinical exam changes indicative of CVC (0.7%). Clinically manifest intraoperative vascular injuries occurred in four patients and involved the petrosal venous complex (n = 3, 5%) or anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 1, 2%); clinical deficits included hemiparesis (n = 1, 2%), facial anesthesia (n = 2, 4%), dysphagia (n = 2, 2%), and unfavorable facial nerve function in two (50%). Three out of four patients in this group required out-of-home placement (75%). Clinical CVCs (n = 4) were not significantly associated with tumor size, tumor cyst, gross total resection, or length of stay. Patients with clinical CVC were significantly more likely to require posthospitalization rehabilitation (19 vs. 75%, p = 0.02; 14 vs. 100%, p = 0.0002).

Conclusion Although radiographic findings suggestive of CVC were unexpectedly common in this cohort, intraoperative vascular injury and postoperative clinical CVC were exceedingly rare. The association between unfavorable facial nerve outcome and clinical CVC is likely a marker for more difficult operations, predisposing to higher risk of complications.
Editorial: DMEA 2021 – total digital
Authors: Orth Anne
Published: May 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie hat der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens einen Schub gegeben. Angesichts des weiterhin bestehenden Infektionsrisikos findet auch die diesjährige DMEA digital statt – und stellt dabei unter Beweis, dass auch eine Messe eine ganze Woche lang virtuell überzeugen kann. Vom 7. bis zum 11. Juni können die Besucherinnen und Besucher netzwerken, sich fortbilden und über ein breites Themenspektrum rund um Digital Health informieren.
Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on market orientation in retail banking
Authors: Haapio Hannele , Mero Joel , Karjaluoto Heikki , Shaikh Aijaz A.
Published: May 2021

This qualitative study examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of market orientation (MO) in the context of retail banking. The findings show that MO was significantly reflected in the behaviors of banks upon encountering the COVID-19 situation, with the banks increasing their MO in response to the crisis. This study finds subcategories based on the empirical data that explain the implementation of MO in more detail. Overall, the findings provide valuable conceptual and managerial insights into the modus operandi of banks during a crisis and offer new best practices for the banking industry.
Solar energy full-spectrum perfect absorption and efficient photo-thermal generation*
Authors: Liao Zhefu , Liu Zhengqi , Wu Qizhao , Liu Xiaoshan , Zhan Xuefeng , Zeng Gaorong , Liu Guiqiang
Published: May 2021

Designing and manufacturing cost-effective absorbers that can cover the full-spectrum of solar irradiation is still critically important for solar harvesting. Utilizing control of the lightwave reflection and transmission, metamaterials realize high absorption over a relatively wide bandwidth. Here, a truncated circular cone metasurface (TCCM) composed of alternating multiple layers of titanium (Ti) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) is presented. Enabled by the synergetic of surface plasmon resonances and Fabry–Pérot resonances, the TCCM simultaneously achieves high absorptivity (exceed 90%), and absorption broadband covers almost the entire solar irradiation spectrum. In addition, the novel absorber exhibits great photo-thermal property. By exploiting the ultrahigh melting point of Ti and SiO2, high-efficiency solar irradiation absorption and heat release have been achieved at 700 °C when the solar concentration ratio is 500 (i.e., incident light intensity at 5 × 105 W/m2). It is worth noting that the photo-thermal efficiency is almost unchanged when the incident angle increases from 0° to 45°. The outstanding capacity for solar harvesting and light-to-heat reported in this paper suggests that TCCM has great potential in photothermal therapies, solar desalination, and radiative cooling, etc.
Optical state selection process with optical pumping in a cesium atomic fountain clock*
Authors: Han Lei , Fang Fang , Chen Wei-Liang , Liu Kun , Zuo Ya-Ni , Zheng Fa-Song , Dai Shao-Yang , Li Tian-Chu
Published: May 2021

We propose and realize a new optical state selection method on a cesium atomic fountain clock by applying a two-laser 3–3′ optical pumping configuration to spin polarize atoms. The atoms are prepared in |F = 3, mF
= 0〉 clock state with optical pumping directly after being launched up, followed by a pushing beam to push away the atoms remaining in the |F = 4〉 state. With a state selection efficiency exceeding 92%, this optical method can substitute the traditional microwave state selection, and helps to develop a more compact physical package. A Ramsey fringe has been achieved with this optical state selection method, and a contrast of 90% is obtained with a full width half maximum of 0.92 Hz. The short-term frequency stability of 6.8 × 10−14 (τ/s)−1/2 is acquired. In addition, the number of detected atoms is increased by a factor of 1.7 with the optical state selection.
Odd-even staggering for production cross sections ofnuclei near the neutron drip-line *
Authors: Mei Bo
Published: May 2021

In our previous studies [Phys. Rev. C 97, 044619 (2018); Phys. Rev. C 103, 044610 (2021)], a universal odd-even staggering (OES) has been observed in extensive cross sections of isotopes not far from stability, measured for different fragmentation and spallation reactions. Four OES relations have been proposed on the basis of this OES universality. However, it is still unclear whether this OES universality and OES relations are applicable to many isotopes near the drip-lines. Here, the OES in recent experimental cross sections of very neutron-rich nuclei approaching the drip-line (from

Ge,

Se+

Be) is quantitatively investigated, to further validate the OES universality and OES relations. The OES magnitudes in these experimental data approaching the neutron drip-line generally agree with those evaluated previously, mainly from experimental data near stability. New OES evaluations derived from these experimental data are also recommended for more exotic nuclei near the neutron drip-line, which extends the conclusions of our previous OES studies. In addition, the OES relation calculations are consistent with these experimental data of very neutron-rich nuclides according to their comparisons in this work. Finally, comparisons with additional experimental data (from

U+

Be) also support that new OES evaluations and OES relation calculations can be applied for exotic nuclei near the neutron drip-line.
Effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on PbNP-Toxicity induced in rats
Authors: Al-Obaidi Fiham Jassim , Ramizy Asmiet , Thaker Abid A.
Published: May 2021

This work was conducted to study the protective role of Moringa oliefera seeds extract (MSE) against the toxic effect of commercial lead nanoparticles (CPbNP) in rats. Twenty eight albino male rats were divided into four groups (seven animals in each one) as follow: (A) control group, (B) 160mg/kg body weight per day (b. wt./d.) of M. oliefera (MSE)seed extract, (C): 5mg CPbNP/kg b. wt./d. and (D): MSE + CPbNP. The experimental period was 45 days. Blood was drawn for protein and enzyme estimation at the end of the period of exposure. The rats were dissected and the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle were isolated for Pb estimation. Results showed that the levels of bioaccumulated lead, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde were significantly increased in exposed animals to CPbNP (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was a significant reduction of total proteins, albumin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase enzyme activities (P < 0. 05) in comparison to control. But the administration of the CPbNP with MSE, all the above biochemical changes were improved significantly. It is concluded that CPbNP has a significant toxic effect on rats, and that seed extract of M. Oleifera can reduce it.
Assessment of Health Awareness: Spreading and Prevention of Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Virus in the Anbar Governorate-Iraqi Community
Authors: Ahmed Harith Abdulrahman , Nuhad Al-Darraji Mustafa , Abdulrahman Ahmed Osama
Published: May 2021

SARS-COV-2 virus is one of the fastest spreading viruses targeting the respiratory and other system in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the needs for preventive measures, particularly at the moment because the virus is spreading fast in various parts of the world, causing various levels of infections: medium to severe, and fatal. The study aimed at assessing health and environmental awareness apart from correcting some scientific healthy concepts related to COVID-19. Additionally, this study also attempted to spread awareness in a simple way that simulates all levels of society. The current study focused on Iraq, specifically Al-Anbar governorate, as it is free from COVID-19 infections according to the reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Health in cooperation with the WHO. In this study, a set of electronic questionnaire was selected to collect relevant data. The electronic questionnaire was chosen because of the quarantine order by the authority due to the COVID-19. The items were built based on a variety of health, preventive, and environmental scientific questions and it was electronically distributed to 2084 individuals in Governorate. The findings revealed that Ramadi city had the most participants responding to the questionnaire (47%). The participation rate for female was 52% while the rate for male is 48%. The biggest age group was 20-24 years old and the highest academic background was a bachelor’s degree in education. The findings indicated a good percentage of health awareness among the participants in the governorate emphasizing on health instructions and preventive measures taken by the Crisis Cell, which had an important role in being infectious-free during the period. It is summarized that the level of health awareness and the role of the Crisis Cell: worked together COVID-19 the infection. Additionally, this questionnaire had a great role in correcting some understanding of scientific concepts among the public.
Production of Cellulase and bioethanol by ethanol-tolerant coculture of Bacillus cereus and Fusarium solani
Authors: Abood Mohammed Fadhil , Mousa Hamzah Haider , Fakri Al-Rawii Dhafer
Published: May 2021

Cellulase is an enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria that hydrolyzes cellulose by breaking down the glycosidic bond, β-1,4 that binds sugar glucose units. Bioethanol and cellulase enzyme were produced by ethanol-tolerant of Bacillus cereus co-culture. So the production of filamentous solani were using the wastes of Cynodon dactylon L. The highest activity of enzyme was at 96 hour/30°C of incubation. The optimal pH value was 7.5, while the carbon concentration was 3%. On the other hand, the best inoculum ratio was 0.5/100 mL (52 × 108 cell/mL bacterial cells and 105 conidia/mL of the fungus). In order to test the efficiency of ethanol production by the co-culture by using different concentrations of pure ethanol was measured in the solid medium. Both Bacillus sp. and F. solani tolerated incubation with 5% ethanol. The best treatment when using 0.5% sulfuric acid which gave the best concentration of reduced sugars and the results showed a difference in the concentration of sugars produced by the fermentation process, it was 3.9 mg/mL in the first day, whereas it was 2.51 mg/mL after 120 hours of fermentation, the concentration of bioethanol produced after fermentation was 195 g/L. In conclusion Cynodon dactylon L. wastes were treated by sulfuric acid, cellulase digestion, and autoclave treatment to be a good source of reducing sugars.
Evaluation activity of bacteria Bacillus thurengensis and different concentrations of plant extracts on adult of house fly Musca domestica
Authors: Al-Joboory Raghad Khalaf , Adnan Elaf
Published: May 2021

This research included evaluating the efficacy of plant aqueous extracts for myrtle Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Eucalyptus spp. and Bacillus thuringiensis on adults of the house fly Musca domestica L. under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 2 ± 28°C and with a humidity of 50-70 %. it was found that the highest rate of laying eggs was in the extract of eucalyptus leaves, where the number of eggs laid was 60 eggs on average and at a concentration of 5%, while in the concentration of 10% the average egg was 55 eggs then In the extract of the leaves of the oleander was at a concentration of 10% at a rate of 50 eggs and in control treatments the number of eggs reached 80 eggs and the results showed the highest death rate for adults before laying eggs was in the extract of the eucalyptus leaves at a concentration of 15% where the death of 6 adults and the lowest percentage of death by 5% was recorded One adult death and the highest rate priest for eggs, with a concentration of 10%, reached 94%, and the highest percentage of larval mortality reached 68.12%, with a concentration of 10% in the transactions of extract of oleander leaves, and in it also the highest rate of exclusion is 31.93%. The third larval stage with a concentration of 5% with a ratio of 3.67 days and the highest incidence rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 2.5% at a rate of 26.70% and the lowest incidence rate of 6.70% with a concentration of 2.5% and 5% and 7.5% in the first and second stages respectively and the lowest dawning rate was recorded in the larval phase the first with a concentration of 2.5% at 16.66% and the highest deformation rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 7.5% at 66.66%. As for its effect on the number of eggs was a rate of zero% of all concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) compared to 80 control egg either its effect on the longevity of the adult was the highest rate of longevity amounting to a concentration of 7.5% by 5.33 day..
Phenotypic, anatomical and phytochemical investigation of Iraqi Silybum marianum
Authors: Eldalawy Rasha , Al-Ani Widad M K , Abdul Kareem Wasan
Published: May 2021

Asteraceae (Compositae) famous as the aster, daisy or sunflower family is the biggest flowering family divided into thirteen subfamily that involve approximately two thousand genus, an important member of this family isSilybum marianum(Milk thistle). Management of hepatic diseases is the main use of milk thistle in traditional medicine also it has anticancer activity against different type of cancer in addition to antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacognostical feature and the phytochemical ingredient of IraqiSilybum marianum. The plant were examined macroscopically to investigate the morphological characters of plant and microscopically to determine the type of stomata and trachoma then flowers, leaves, stems and seeds of the plant were extracted by ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus individually and subjected to standard methods for active constituents identification and that total flaononid, total phenolic and total tannins content were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric, folin-ciocaltue and acidified vanillin methods respectively. The results shows thatSilybum marianumleave have a thick cell wall, anomocytic stomata, annual vessel, and unicellular unbranched trichomas. Also an important active constituents have been detected that terpenes, steroid and flavonoids were present in all plant parts, saponin appear only in the leaves and stems while alkaloids and coumarins are not detected in any part. Also the study referred to the seeds as the richest part of the plant with flavonoid and phenolic compounds followed by the flowers, leaves and stems which contain the less amount, while the higher content of tannin were observed in the leaves and stems..
Effect of Chloroquine on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative system on (Vigna radiata) plant tissues exposed to water stress
Authors: Hussain Al-Mentafji Hayder Nasser
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of (Chloroquine CQ) on the oxidative stress under water stress effect Recently, this compound is used to treat COVID-19, Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 effect and Stimulate the enzymatic system through the exposure of the plant to water stress and interaction with Chloroquine, where the stress stimulate the production of these Oxidative Factors (Hydrogen Peroxide, Malondialdehyde(MDA), Protease increase the production of these oxidative factors increase activity through the effect of Chloroquine, This process was performed in the meristematic tissues of the cells of the permanent Mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants under experimental factors (water stress factor for 10 days with control period of 5 days) (Chloroquine factors and concentrations of 125 and 250 mg.L-1 with control treatment) were designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (R.B.C.D) with three replicates and 18 experimental units The experimental unit area was 2 m. The results have shown the following; The water stress period of 10 days led to the production of toxic hydrogen peroxide and increased concentration by stress. The effect of water stress was Stimulate the Production of hydrogen peroxide in Meristematic tissues. The effect of Chloroquine CQ with increased concentrations had a role in inhibiting the production of enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The interaction between water stress and increased Chloroquine CQ concentrations has been instrumental in stimulating the production of oxidative Factors.
Morphological characterization and its relation with yield traits of Oryza sativa L. genotypes in Iraq
Authors: Al-Musawi Balqees Hadi , Al-Anbari Mohammed A.
Published: May 2021

In the current study we reported for agronomic traits and yield of fifteen rice genotypes in season during 2018 and investigated at the field experimental of Al-Mashkab research station (AMRR), Najaf-Iraq. The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with having three replications. These data related days to 50% flowering and heading, plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length (cm), number of tiller per panicle, 1000 grain weight (g) and biological yield, harvest index and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. The results indicated that the rice genotypes differed in plant growth characteristics and yield and yield components. 1000 grain weight and grain yields both were highest in Gohar genotype. Shiroudi genotype required shorter days to maturity and Anber33 longest days to maturity. Some of the rice genotypes particularly (Gohar) showed high promise with grain yield. Recommended, intensification of introducing more genotypes to select the best rice genotype for Iraqi condition could maximize the benefits of genotype cultivation. Agronomic data collected in the current study would be significant to realize the suitability of an individual rice genotypes of the farmer field, also were found more appropriate of the agro climatic status of Iraq.
Use of ultraviolet-light mutagenesis to generate a mutant with elevated cadmium resistance, B. agri C15 CdR
Authors: Jebril Nadia , Boden Rich , Braungardt Charlotte
Published: May 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to living organisms; however, bacteria are adaptable to severe conditions, including Cd contamination. Bacteria can develop in the natural environment, as they generate resistant strains that can be used to remove Cd, but getting such adaptive strains usually takes a long time. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) light mutagenesis was used to accelerate the strain-resistant ability of Brevibacillus agri C15 to generate CdR mutant with high resistance to Cd. Its maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) to Cd was 15.00 mM. The UV light mutagenesis process resulted in the generation of the mutant B. agri C15 CdR (MTC: 20.00 mM Cd). Morphological and biochemical tests showed that there were no major differences between B. agri C15 CdR and B. agri C15. This study provides a basis for developing microbial Cd resistance and facilitating the application of Cd remediation.
Morphological study of bronchial tree and lung in Iraqi weasel (Herpestes javanicus)
Authors: Mutlak Baydaa H. , Al-Jawadi Ahmed A. , Mnati Intidhar M.
Published: May 2021

The current study aimed to identify the morphological description and branches of the bronchial tree and lung for the weasel Herpestes javanicus as one of the Iraqi mammals inhabiting the Iraqi environment. In the current study, 10 samples with an mean weight of 288-564 g were used, trachea and lung were removed from the samples and confirmed using proven solutions and laboratory tests were conducted on 5 samples of the study to identify the branches of the bronchial tree using the technique of casting resin and then exposing the samples to erosion. Weasel has a pair of bright pink sponge lungs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity. The lungs look similar to the clover leaf have a top and three surfaces represented by the costal surface that is convex, and the middle surface, characterized by a narrow and diaphragm surface and is identical to the diaphragm. The right lung is larger than the left lung and the right lung consists of four lobes: apical, middle, caudal and an accessory lobe, while the left lung consists of three lobes: apical, middle, caudal lobes the top of the right lung appeared small and semi-sharp, while the left lung is round and blind. The right primary trachea branched into two branches, the upper branch enters into the apical lobe and branches in turn into two secondary branches, while the lower branched into three branches, the first of which enters into the middle lobe and the second to the middle lobe, the third branch into two branches enter the accessory lobes, while the primary left trachea branch into three secondary or lobe branches before entering the left lung branch, where the first branch enters into apical lobe when the second enters the middle lobe while the third section enters the caudal lobe.
Laboratory evaluation of two isolates of Meterhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana to control infesting by Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae
Authors: Mehdi Nawal S. , Al-Fadili Aymen W.
Published: May 2021

Trogoderma granarium Everts (Khapra beetle) is a serious pest of stored barley and wheat worldwide. The current research evaluates the efficacy of local isolates of Meterhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana compared to an imported isolates when khapra larvae sprayed with concentration of later isolates under laboratory condition, mortalities were recorded for more than two weeks after treatment. Results demonstrated that the larvae were more susceptible to the local isolates of the two fungi than the imported isolates. Cumulative mortalities were 86.67 and 50 when larvae sprayed with 109 conidia/ml of local and imported isolates of M. anisopliae respectively, and 86.67 and 66.67 when larvae sprayed with 109 conidia/ml of laocal and imported isolates of B. bassiana respectively after two weeks. The findings of the current study clearly showed that the local isolates caused higher mortalities than the imported one so they may be used as a good candidates for pragmas of integrated pest management of stored grain pests.
Diversity of Mollusca in some sites of Euphrates River
Authors: Merza Feryal Ameen
Published: May 2021

This investigation of molluscs was carried out at some sites on the river of the Euphrates. Samples of molluscs were collected monthly from June 2019 to November 2019. Fourteen species were investigated which belonged to two Classes: Bivalvia (three species) and Gastropoda (eleven species). The species Corbicula fluminalis, Pisidium dubium, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus convexiusculus, and Gyraulus intermixtus seemed in all sites. According to the index of Shanon-Weiner, species diversity ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 bits/individual. Index of Jaccard’s similarity showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site one and site two with 60 %.
Anatomical study of the Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae family) in Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Feryal K.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to examine the anatomical aspects of Carissa macrocarpa, of stem, leaf and leaf venation. The results obtaind showed that the tissue of the studied parts have important anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of the cross-sectional of stem and vertical-sectional of leaves. The stem section appeared in circular and the midrib was crescent shape and the stomata appeared on the upper surface of the leaf only, Tetracytic in type. Druses crystals and Aleurone granules appeared on both surfaces of leaves. The venation type was Brochidodromous in which the secondary veins do not end at the edge of the leaf, and each secondary race is connected with the higher race and linked together with a series of prominent arches.
Purification and Determination of The Arginase Enzyme Activity from Kidney Patients
Authors: Al-Samarrai Nuha Ali Hadi , Salih Nadia Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The current study measuring the effectiveness and purification of the enzyme (arginase) in the serum of kidney diseases samples were collected from Samarra General Hospital from October to December 2019, 60 samples were collected from the infected and 25 samples from he healthy people control group of ages 30-55 years, the effectiveness of the control group was 6.87 ± 2.95, and the patient group was 25.71 ± 8.39., the purification process was carried out using Sephadex G-200 and EDEA cellulose - using a column of separation with dimensions (32 x 1.5nm), the molecular weight of the enzyme was 245 kDa. The study included measuring the level of urea 83.7 ± 23.4mg/dl, Creatinine 2.85 ± 1.19 mg/dl, Total protein 3.8 ± 0.6 mg/dl, Albumin 4.120 ± 0.02 mg/dl, Uric acid 5.19 ± 1.52 mg/dl and Globulin was 1.29 ± 0.01 mg/dl. at P≤0.01.
Assessment The Suitable of The Groundwater for Civil uses in Kakhirta Village, Al-Ayadiyah Subdistrict, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mashhadany Mohammed Hazim Sabry
Published: May 2021

The current research describes the application of the water quality index (WQI) based on the collection of 50 samples of water sample for 10 wells for five months in the village of Kakhirta in Al-Ayadiyah subdistrict, northwest of Nineveh Governorate. The model was applied using 13 parameters (pH, TDS (total dissolved salts), DO (dissolved oxygen), T.A (Total Alkaline), Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, K, PO4, SO4, TPC (Total Plate Count), and F. Colif. (Faecal coliform) depending on the results obtained from the model. The groundwater quality ranged between (218 - 765), which indicates deterioration in water quality due to the high numbers of bacteria TPC and F. Colif., as well as the high total alkaline T.A and hypoxia in the water more the recommended limits for drinking water.
Biochemical Aspect, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Melaleuca and Syzygium Species (Myrtaceae) Grown in Egypt
Authors: M. Khalaf Omar , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , El-Hagrassi Ali M. , Osman Abeer F. , Ghareeb Mosad A.
Published: May 2021

The objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum’s methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris’ methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).
Evaluation of Ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and lipid profiles in patients with Valvular heart diseases
Authors: Sacheat H K , Husseinand S Z , Al-Mudhaffar S S
Published: May 2021

One of the major health problems causing defects or damage to one or more of the four heart valves [aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid] is valvular heart disease [VHD]; it occurs due to congenital abnormalities or acquired pathology. It is a defect that results in weak heart valves and is therefore unable to function as precise pathways of the blood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the lipid profile of valvular heart disease patients in sera. Ninety subjects were included in this study and 60 patients with HDV were divided into two subgroups according to the affected valve: 33 patients with aortic valve disease (AV) and 27 patients with mitral valve disease (MV group). In addition, 30 healthy individuals were registered in all groups as control(C) group Serum copper (Cu), total protein (TP), activity and specific activity of ferroxidase Cp, and lipid profile were measured. The results showed that there was a highly significant increase in patient (AV & MV) groups compared to the C group in activity, specific Cp and Cu activity levels. In addition, compared to the C group, triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels showed a highly significant increase in the AV and MV groups. No significant differences were found between patients and control groups in TP, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) & High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Likewise, for all parameters, there were no significant differences between the AV and MV groups. In conclusion, the high serum level of Cu and the activity of Cp ferroxidase may be considered to be a risk factor for VHD.
Conductometric Study of Proline-Mn (II) Complex in Some Solvents at Various Temperatures, with Computational Factors Calculation
Authors: Al-Healy Fanar M , Abdulrahman Shayma H , Mahmoud Anfal R
Published: May 2021

The equivalent conductivities of proline in water, methanol were studied in the temperature range of 288.15 to 313.15 K at 5 K intervals, in mixtures of methanol and water at percentages of 10 %, 20%, 30%, 40% and, 50% of methanol at 37°C. The experimental data were treated by the Lee-Wheaton conductivity equation of unsymmetrical electrolytes (1:2) (1 molecule of metal with 2 molecules of ligand) derived to calculate the conductivity parameters, equivalent conductance at infinite dilution Λₒ, ionic conductivity, association constant Ka and the main distance between ions in solution( R) at best fit values of (6Λ). Thermodynamic quantities for the ion-association reaction ΔG°, Δङ° and ΔS°) have been also measured. The results of the analysis showed that the ions of the complex can be separated by solvent molecules (SSIP). The values of Ka, Λ° and R were found to be different from one solvent to another depending on the interactions in the solution. Furthermore, the chemical structure of the Proline-Mn complex was optimized by using of Gaussian interface version 16.0 program of chem3D to optimiz the features of complex molecule. The suggested statistical model possesses only two parameters with excellent values of the square regression coefficient (r2) and cross-validation (q2) are equal to 0.999 and 0.994, respectively, which refers to the perfect relationship between Ka value and the physical properties of the solvent.
Metal Complexes of Multidentate N2S2 Heterocyclic Schiff-base Ligands;Formation, Structural Characterisation and Biological Activity
Authors: Al-Rubaye Baidaa K , Al-Jeboori Mohamad J. , Potgieter Herman
Published: May 2021

The synthesis of ligands with N2S2 donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H2L1) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L2) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K2[M(Ln)Cl2], (where: M = Mn (II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) and [M(Ln)], (where: M = Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); n =1-2, expect [Cu(HL2)Cl]) were isolated. The entity of ligands and complexes including their purity were confirmed using elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.S), atomic absorption (A.A), chloride content, conductivity measurement’s, melting point and thermal analysis technique. The molecular structures were elucidated with FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, 1H-and 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for their activity against bacterial strains (G+ and G-) and fungi species. The tested compounds indicated that; the ligands have not shown any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The Cd(II) complexes, for ligands H2L1 and H2L2, display the higher antimicrobial activity, compared with the other complexes. The H2L1 and H2L2 have not shown any activity against Candida albicans. All complexes for ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) exhibited less activity against Candida albicans, compared with other types of fungi.
A Parallel Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Abdullah Wathiq N. , Alagha Salwa A.
Published: May 2021

In order to enhance the production efficiency, scheduling problem of job-shop has used that thought of complex problem with complicated constraints and structure. This problem is characterized as NP-hard. In most cases, the excessive complexity of the problem makes it difficult to discover the best solution within affordable time. Hence, searching for estimated solutions in polynomial time rather than precise solutions at excessive cost is favored for challenging situations of the problem. In this paper, a parallel genetic algorithm with proposed adaptive genetic operators and migration operation is applied for job-shop scheduling problem. Through tests on numerous different experimental cases, the adaptive operator of genetic algorithm and the parallelism strategy are considerably improving the results effectively while decreasing the computation time. Also, the migration operation gives a greater effect on the performance of the algorithms.