bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Zhao Xi-Chen , Ju Bo , Xiu Nuan-Nuan , Sun Xiao-Yun , Meng Fan-Jun
Published: February 2024

Aplastic anemia (AA) and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome are paradigms of autoimmune hematopoietic failure (AHF). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia are unequivocal myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Currently, AA is also known to be a clonal hematological disease. Genetic aberrations typically observed in MNs are detected in approximately one-third of AA patients. In AA patients harboring MN-related genetic aberrations, a poor response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and an increased risk of transformation to MNs occurring either naturally or after IST are predicted. Approximately 10%–15% of patients with severe AA transform the disease phenotype to MNs following IST, and in some patients, leukemic transformation emerges during or shortly after IST. Phenotypic transformations between AHF and MNs can occur reciprocally. A fraction of advanced MN patients experience an aplastic crisis during which leukemic blasts are repressed. The switch that shapes the disease phenotype is a change in the strength of extramedullary inflammation. Both AHF and MNs have an immune-active bone marrow (BM) environment (BME). In AHF patients, an inflamed BME can be evoked by infiltrated immune cells targeting neoplastic molecules, which contributes to the BM-specific autoimmune impairment. Autoimmune responses in AHF may represent an antileukemic mechanism, and inflammatory stressors strengthen antileukemic immunity, at least in a significant proportion of patients who have MN-related genetic aberrations. During active inflammatory episodes, normal and leukemic hematopoieses are suppressed, which leads to the occurrence of aplastic cytopenia and leukemic cell regression. The successful treatment of underlying infections mitigates inflammatory stress-related antileukemic activities and promotes the penetration of leukemic hematopoiesis. The effect of IST is similar to that of treating underlying infections. Investigating inflammatory stress-powered antileukemic immunity is highly important in theoretical studies and clinical practice, especially given the wide application of immune-activating agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematological neoplasms.
Key oncogenic signaling pathways affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: basic principles and recent advances
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yuan Zijun , Li Zhengbo , He Xinyu , Zhang Yinping , Wang Xingyue , Su Jiahong , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Deng Shuai , Zhao Yueshui , Shen Jing , Yi Tao , Xiao Zhangang
Published: February 2024

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks first among primary liver cancers, and its mortality rate exhibits a consistent annual increase. The treatment of HCC has witnessed a significant surge in recent years, with the emergence of targeted immune therapy as an adjunct to early surgical resection. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising results in other types of solid tumors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interactions between different types of TILs and their impact on HCC, elucidate strategies for targeting neoantigens through TILs, and address the challenges encountered in TIL therapies along with potential solutions. Furthermore, this article specifically examines the impact of oncogenic signaling pathways activation within the HCC tumor microenvironment on the infiltration dynamics of TILs. Additionally, a concise overview is provided regarding TIL preparation techniques and an update on clinical trials investigating TIL-based immunotherapy in solid tumors.
Building digital patient pathways for the management and treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wenk Judith , Voigt Isabel , Inojosa Hernan , Schlieter Hannes , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: February 2024

Recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) could yield new insights into the potential causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and factors influencing its course as the use of AI opens new possibilities regarding the interpretation and use of big data from not only a cross-sectional, but also a longitudinal perspective. For each patient with MS, there is a vast amount of multimodal data being accumulated over time. But for the application of AI and related technologies, these data need to be available in a machine-readable format and need to be collected in a standardized and structured manner. Through the use of mobile electronic devices and the internet it has also become possible to provide healthcare services from remote and collect information on a patient’s state of health outside of regular check-ups on site. Against this background, we argue that the concept of pathways in healthcare now could be applied to structure the collection of information across multiple devices and stakeholders in the virtual sphere, enabling us to exploit the full potential of AI technology by e.g., building digital twins. By going digital and using pathways, we can virtually link patients and their caregivers. Stakeholders then could rely on digital pathways for evidence-based guidance in the sequence of procedures and selection of therapy options based on advanced analytics supported by AI as well as for communication and education purposes. As far as we aware of, however, pathway modelling with respect to MS management and treatment has not been thoroughly investigated yet and still needs to be discussed. In this paper, we thus present our ideas for a modular-integrative framework for the development of digital patient pathways for MS treatment.
Combined effects of exercise and immuno-chemotherapy treatments on tumor growth in MC38 colorectal cancer-bearing mice
Authors: Gouez Manon , Rébillard Amélie , Thomas Amandine , Beaumel Sabine , Matera Eva-Laure , Gouraud Etienne , Orfila Luz , Martin Brice , Pérol Olivia , Chaveroux Cédric , Chirico Erica N. , Dumontet Charles , Fervers Béatrice , Pialoux Vincent
Published: February 2024

Acute exercise induces transient modifications in the tumor microenvironment and has been linked to reduced tumor growth along with increased infiltration of immune cells within the tumor in mouse models. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of acute exercise before treatment administration on tumor growth in a mice model of MC38 colorectal cancer receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemotherapy. Six-week-old mice injected with colorectal cancer cells (MC38) were randomized in 4 groups: control (CTRL), immuno-chemotherapy (TRT), exercise (EXE) and combined intervention (TRT/EXE). Both TRT and TRT-EXE received ICI: anti-PD1-1 (1 injection/week) and capecitabine + oxaliplatin (5 times a week) for 1 week (experimentation 1), 3 weeks (experimentation 2). TRT-EXE and EXE groups were submitted to 50 minutes of treadmill exercise before each treatment administration. Over the protocol duration, tumor size has been monitored daily. Tumor growth and microenvironment parameters were measured after the intervention on Day 7 (D7) and Day 16 (D16). From day 4 to day 7, tumor volumes decreased in the EXE/TRT group while remaining stable in the TRT group (p=0.0213). From day 7 until day 16 tumor volume decreased with no significant difference between TRT and TRT/EXE. At D7 the TRT/EXE group exhibited a higher total infiltrate T cell (p=0.0118) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (p=0.0031). At D16, tumor marker of apoptosis, vascular integrity and inflammation were not significantly different between TRT and TRT/EXE. Our main result was that acute exercise before immuno-chemotherapy administration significantly decreased early-phase tumor growth (D0 to D4). Additionally, exercise led to immune cell infiltration changes during the first week after exercise, while no significant molecular alterations in the tumor were observed 3 weeks after exercise.
Mechanical properties of thermally damaged mortar under coupled static-dynamic loading
Authors: Ying Chengjuan , Chen Haiming , Chen Jie , Xiong Liangxiao , Yao Duoxi
Published: February 2024

In buildings that experience fires, cement mortar is subjected to high-temperature environments and not only the weight of the structure above but also blast loads, leading to structural damage and loss of load-bearing capacity. To investigate the static and dynamic mechanical properties of thermally damaged mortar, a series of tests utilizing modified split Hopkinson pressure bar were conducted. These tests included quasi-static, conventional dynamic and coupled static-dynamic loading tests on mortar specimens that were subjected to seven temperature levels: 20°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C. The test results revealed that both the thermal damage and loading method had an impact on the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of the mortar specimens. The compressive strength, elastic modulus and absorbed energy ratio of mortar decreased as temperature increased. Notably, the quasi-static strength loss rate was 60% when the temperature reached 600°C. Under coupled static-dynamic loading, the specimens exhibited higher strength, elastic modulus, reflected energy ratio, and transmitted energy ratio. Conversely, they had lower average strain rates and absorbed energy ratios. Intriguingly, the dynamic growth factor had a relative increase of 0.7–2.0 compared with other loading methods. Furthermore, the higher temperature, the higher fragmentation of the specimens in the fragmentation pattern. Conventional dynamic loading resulted in the greatest degree of fragmentation. The findings provide a scientific basis for the design and evaluation of concrete shockproof and explosion-resistant structures.
Longitudinal analysis of microbiome composition in Ghanaians living with HIV-1
Authors: Runtuwene Lucky Ronald , Parbie Prince Kofi , Mizutani Taketoshi , Ishizaka Aya , Matsuoka Saori , Abana Christopher Zaab-Yen , Kushitor Dennis , Bonney Evelyn Yayra , Ofori Sampson Badu , Kiyono Hiroshi , Ishikawa Koichi , Ampofo William Kwabena , Matano Tetsuro
Published: February 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 infection is known to cause gut microbiota dysbiosis. Among the causes is the direct infection of HIV-1 in gut-resident CD4+ T cells, causing a cascade of phenomena resulting in the instability of the gut mucosa. The effect of HIV infection on gut microbiome dysbiosis remains unresolved despite antiretroviral therapy. Here, we show the results of a longitudinal study of microbiome analysis of people living with HIV (PLWH). We contrasted the diversity and composition of the microbiome of patients with HIV at the first and second time points (baseline_case and six months later follow-up_case, respectively) with those of healthy individuals (baseline_control). We found that despite low diversity indices in the follow-up_case, the abundance of some genera was recovered but not completely, similar to baseline_control. Some genera were consistently in high abundance in PLWH. Furthermore, we found that the CD4+ T-cell count and soluble CD14 level were significantly related to high and low diversity indices, respectively. We also found that the abundance of some genera was highly correlated with clinical features, especially with antiretroviral duration. This includes genera known to be correlated with worse HIV-1 progression (Achromobacter and Stenotrophomonas) and a genus associated with gut protection (Akkermansia). The fact that a protector of the gut and genera linked to a worse progression of HIV-1 are both enriched may signify that despite the improvement of clinical features, the gut mucosa remains compromised.
Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oxidative stress injury: global research status and trends
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Gan Bin , Wang Tingyu , Yang Xiangjie , Xue Yuanye , Zhong Yuanqing , He Xintong , Peng Xinsheng , Zhou Yanfang , Cheng Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on “Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury” and to reveal its current status, hot spots and trends.

Methods: The relevant literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 29 April 2023. We performed clustering and partnership analysis of authors, institutions, countries, references and keywords in the literature through CiteSpace software and the bibliometric online analysis platform and mapped the relevant knowledge maps.

Results: A total of 1,321 relevant publications were included in the bibliometric analysis, with the number of publications in this field increasing year by year. These included 944 “articles” and 377 “reviews”. The maximum number of publications published in China is 512, and the maximum number of highly cited publications published in the United States is 20. Based on CiteSpace, the country collaboration network map shows close and stable collaboration among high-productivity countries. Based on WoSCC, there are 1706 relevant research institutions and 119 highly cited elite institutions, among which Kaohsing Chang Gung Men Hosp has the most extensive influence. Studies related to “Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury” have been published in 548 journals. The keywords of the publications show the main research areas and breakthroughs. Based on WoSCC, the keywords of the research area “Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury” were found to be as follows: exosome(s), extracellular vesicle(s), oxidative stress, inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells, apoptosis, microRNA (miRNA), mitochondria, biomarker, autophagy, angiogenesis and Alzheimer’s disease. Analysis showed that “mesenchymal stem cells”, “microRNA”, “autophagy”, “histology” and “therapeutic” emerged as highly explosive keywords.

Conclusion: This study is the first to use visual software and data mining to assess the literature in the field of “Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury”. The research history, research status and direction in this field provide a theoretical basis for its scientific research.
Established and emerging techniques for the study of microglia: visualization, depletion, and fate mapping
Authors: Bobotis Bianca Caroline , Halvorson Torin , Carrier Micaël , Tremblay Marie-Ève
Published: February 2024

The central nervous system (CNS) is an essential hub for neuronal communication. As a major component of the CNS, glial cells are vital in the maintenance and regulation of neuronal network dynamics. Research on microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, has advanced considerably in recent years, and our understanding of their diverse functions continues to grow. Microglia play critical roles in the formation and regulation of neuronal synapses, myelination, responses to injury, neurogenesis, inflammation, and many other physiological processes. In parallel with advances in microglial biology, cutting-edge techniques for the characterization of microglial properties have emerged with increasing depth and precision. Labeling tools and reporter models are important for the study of microglial morphology, ultrastructure, and dynamics, but also for microglial isolation, which is required to glean key phenotypic information through single-cell transcriptomics and other emerging approaches. Strategies for selective microglial depletion and modulation can provide novel insights into microglia-targeted treatment strategies in models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and autoimmunity. Finally, fate mapping has emerged as an important tool to answer fundamental questions about microglial biology, including their origin, migration, and proliferation throughout the lifetime of an organism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of these established and emerging techniques, with applications to the study of microglia in development, homeostasis, and CNS pathologies.
Quantitative double echo steady state T2 mapping of upper extremity peripheral nerves and muscles
Authors: Campbell Gracyn J. , Sneag Darryl B. , Queler Sophie C. , Lin Yenpo , Li Qian , Tan Ek T.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

T2 mapping can characterize peripheral neuropathy and muscle denervation due to axonal damage. Three-dimensional double echo steady-state (DESS) can simultaneously provide 3D qualitative information and T2 maps with equivalent spatial resolution. However, insufficient signal-to-noise ratio may bias DESS-T2 values. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) techniques can reduce noise, and hence may improve quantitation of high-resolution DESS-T2. This study aims to (i) evaluate the effect of DLR methods on DESS-T2 values, and (ii) to evaluate the feasibility of using DESS-T2 maps to differentiate abnormal from normal nerves and muscles in the upper extremities, with abnormality as determined by electromyography.

Methods and results

Analysis of images from 25 subjects found that DLR decreased DESS-T2 values in abnormal muscles (DLR = 37.71 ± 9.11 msec, standard reconstruction = 38.56 ± 9.44 msec, p = 0.005) and normal muscles (DLR: 27.18 ± 6.34 msec, standard reconstruction: 27.58 ± 6.34 msec, p < 0.001) consistent with a noise reduction bias. Mean DESS-T2, both with and without DLR, was higher in abnormal nerves (abnormal = 75.99 ± 38.21 msec, normal = 35.10 ± 9.78 msec, p < 0.001) and muscles (abnormal = 37.71 ± 9.11 msec, normal = 27.18 ± 6.34 msec, p < 0.001). A higher DESS-T2 in muscle was associated with electromyography motor unit recruitment (p < 0.001).

Discussion

These results suggest that quantitative DESS-T2 is improved by DLR and can differentiate the nerves and muscles involved in peripheral neuropathies from those uninvolved.
Association of tryptophan pathway metabolites with mortality and effectiveness of nutritional support among patients at nutritional risk: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ritz Jacqueline , Wunderle Carla , Stumpf Franziska , Laager Rahel , Tribolet Pascal , Neyer Peter , Bernasconi Luca , Stanga Zeno , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp
Published: February 2024

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and is the precursor of many important metabolites and neurotransmitters. In malnutrition, the availability of tryptophan is reduced, potentially putting patients at increased risks. Herein, we investigated the prognostic implications of the tryptophan metabolism in a secondary analysis of the Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), a randomized, controlled trial comparing individualized nutritional support to usual care in patients at risk for malnutrition. Among 238 patients with available measurements, low plasma levels of metabolites were independently associated with 30-day mortality with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.77 [95% CI 1.05–2.99, p 0.034] for tryptophan, 3.49 [95% CI 1.81–6.74, p < 0.001] for kynurenine and 2.51 [95% CI 1.37–4.63, p 0.003] for serotonin. Nutritional support had more beneficial effects on mortality in patients with high tryptophan compared to patients with low tryptophan levels (adjusted HR 0.61 [95% CI 0.29–1.29] vs. HR 1.72 [95% CI 0.79–3.70], p for interaction 0.047). These results suggest that sufficient circulating levels of tryptophan might be a metabolic prerequisite for the beneficial effect of nutritional interventions in this highly vulnerable patient population.
Global burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035: worsening or improving?
Authors: Xu Tongtong , Dong Chenxian , Shao Jianjiang , Huo Chaojing , Chen Zuhai , Shi Zhengyang , Yao Teng , Gu Chenyang , Wei Wanting , Rui Dongsheng , Li Xiaoju , Hu Yunhua , Ma Jiaolong , Niu Qiang , Yan Yizhong
Published: February 2024

Background and aims

Maternal malnutrition is a major global public health problem that can lead to serious maternal diseases. This study aimed to analyze and predict the spatio-temporal trends in the burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition, and to provide a basis for scientific improvement of maternal malnutrition and targeted prevention of maternal disorders.

Methods

Data on maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition, including number of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), population attributable fractions (PAFs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe their epidemiological characteristics by age, region, year, and type of disease. A log-linear regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASMR or ASDR to reflect their temporal trends. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the number of deaths and mortality rates to 2035.

Results

Global number of deaths and DALYs for maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition declined by 42.35 and 41.61% from 1990 to 2019, with an AAPC of –3.09 (95% CI: −3.31, −2.88) and –2.98 (95% CI: −3.20, −2.77) for ASMR and ASDR, respectively. The burden was higher among younger pregnant women (20–29 years) in low and low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, whereas it was higher among older pregnant women (30–39 years) in high SDI region. Both ASMR and ASDR showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing SDI. Maternal hemorrhage had the highest burden of all diseases. Global deaths are predicted to decline from 42,350 in 2019 to 38,461 in 2035, with the ASMR declining from 1.08 (95% UI: 0.38, 1.79) to 0.89 (95% UI: 0.47, 1.31).

Conclusion

Maternal malnutrition is improving globally, but in the context of the global food crisis, attention needs to be paid to malnutrition in low SDI regions, especially among young pregnant women, and corresponding measures need to be taken to effectively reduce the burden of disease.
High-pressure processing enhances saltiness perception and sensory acceptability of raw but not of cooked cured pork loins—leveraging salty and umami taste
Authors: Bolumar Tomas , Lohmayer Regina , Peukert Manuela , Thiemann Kai , Münch Siegfried , Brüggemann Dagmar A.
Published: February 2024

The salt (NaCl) content in processed meats must be reduced because of its adverse effects on cardiovascular health. However, reducing salt in meat products typically leads to a lower taste intensity and, thus, consumer acceptability. Industry interventions must reduce salt content while maintaining taste, quality, and consumer acceptability. In this context, high-pressure processing (HPP) has been proposed to enhance saltiness perception, though there are contradictory reports to date. The present work aimed to conduct a targeted experiment to ascertain the influence of HPP (300/600 MPa) and cooking (71°C) on saltiness perception and sensory acceptability of meat products. HPP treatment (300/600 MPa) did enhance those two sensory attributes (approx. +1 on a 9-point hedonic scale) in raw (uncooked) cured pork loins but did not in their cooked counterparts. Further, the partition coefficient of sodium (PNa+), as an estimate of Na+ binding strength to the meat matrix, and the content of umami-taste nucleotides were investigated as potential causes. No effect of cooking (71°C) and HPP (300/600 MPa) could be observed on the PNa+ at equilibrium. However, HPP treatment at 300 MPa increased the inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) content in raw cured pork loins. Finally, hypothetical HPP effects on taste-mediating molecular mechanisms are outlined and discussed in light of boosting the sensory perception of raw meat products as a strategy to achieve effective salt reductions while keeping consumer acceptability.
Efficacy and safety of enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa for the treatment of patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease: a systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Dornelles A. D. , Junges A. P. P. , Krug B. , Gonçalves C. , de Oliveira Junior H. A. , Schwartz I. V. D.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Pompe disease (PD) is a glycogen disorder caused by the deficient activity of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). We sought to review the latest available evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant human GAA enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for infantile-onset PD (IOPD).

Methods

We systematically searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase databases for prospective clinical studies evaluating ERT for IOPD on pre-specified outcomes. Meta-analysis was also performed.

Results

Of 1,722 articles identified, 16 were included, evaluating 316 patients. Studies were heterogeneous and with very low certainty of evidence for most outcomes. A moderate/high risk of bias was present for most included articles. The following outcomes showed improvements associated with alglucosidase alfa, over natural history of PD/placebo, for a mean follow-up of 48.3 months: left ventricular (LV) mass {mean change 131.3 g/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 81.02, 181.59]}, time to start ventilation (TSV) [HR 0.21 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.36)], and survival [HR 0.10 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.19)]. There were no differences between the pre- and post-ERT period for myocardial function and psychomotor development. Adverse events (AEs) after ERT were mild in most cases.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that alglucosidase alfa potentially improves LV mass, TSV, and survival in IOPD patients, with no important safety issues.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO identifier (CRD42019123700).
Regulation of inflammation during wound healing: the function of mesenchymal stem cells and strategies for therapeutic enhancement
Authors: Gao Mingnan , Guo Han , Dong Xuan , Wang Zimao , Yang Zheng , Shang Qiaoli , Wang Qiying
Published: February 2024

A wound takes a long time to heal and involves several steps. Following tissue injury, inflammation is the primary cause of tissue regeneration and repair processes. As a result, the pathophysiological processes involving skin damage, healing, and remodeling depend critically on the control of inflammation. The fact that it is a feasible target for improving the prognosis of wound healing has lately become clear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an innovative and effective therapeutic option for wound healing due to their immunomodulatory and paracrine properties. By controlling the inflammatory milieu of wounds through immunomodulation, transplanted MSCs have been shown to speed up the healing process. In addition to other immunomodulatory mechanisms, including handling neutrophil activity and modifying macrophage polarization, there may be modifications to the activation of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, several studies have shown that pretreating MSCs improves their ability to modulate immunity. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about how MSCs influence local inflammation in wounds by influencing immunity to facilitate the healing process. We also provide an overview of MSCs optimizing techniques when used to treat wounds.
Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and simulation software for structured light scattering by particles
Authors: Cheng Ming Jian , Cao Yuan Cong , Ren Kuan Fang , Zhang Huan , Guo Li Xin
Published: February 2024

Structured light refers to an optical field with modulated phase and amplitude, characterized by distinct spatial patterns. It has applications in optical manipulation, 3D imaging, remote sensing, and communications. The Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theory (GLMT) extends foundational Mie theory to accommodate complex structured lights, enabling precise characterization of structured light-particle interactions. GLMT has emerged as a central theoretical framework for analyzing interactions between spherical particles and arbitrary structured light. This paper introduces ABSphere, simulation software utilizing GLMT to model structured light-spherical particle interactions. It then comprehensively reviews representative structured lights, including Laguerre–Gaussian, Bessel, and Airy beams, elucidating their interactions with spherical particles. Understanding structured light scattering behavior is crucial for elucidating underlying interaction mechanisms with spherical particles. The paper also emphasizes the significance of modeling structured light scattering by particles and discusses future directions for ABSphere software. Through continuous theoretical refinements and advancements, deeper understanding of structured light-particle interaction mechanisms can be achieved, enabling innovations in optical applications and technologies.
Proteomic analyses of urinary exosomes identify novel potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of sickle cell nephropathy, a sex-based study
Authors: Packialakshmi Balamurugan , Limerick Emily , Ackerman Hans C. , Lin Xionghao , Nekhai Sergei , Oliver James D. , Stewart Ian J. , Knepper Mark A. , Fitzhugh Courtney , Zhou Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). Early intervention is crucial for mitigating its effects. However, current diagnostic methods rely on generic tests and may not detect SCN until irreversible renal damage occurs. Therefore, specific biomarkers for early diagnosis of SCN are needed. Urinary exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles secreted by renal podocytes and epithelial cells, contain both common and cell type-specific membrane and cytosolic proteins, reflecting the physiologic and pathophysiologic states of the kidney. Using proteomics, we analyzed the proteomes of urinary exosomes from humanized SCD mice at 2 months (without albuminuria) and 4 months (with albuminuria) of age. Excretion of 164 proteins were significantly increased and 176 proteins was significantly decreased in the exosomes when mice developed albuminuria. Based on the relevance to SCD, chronic kidney disease and Western blot confirmation in mice, we analyzed protein abundance of heparanase, cathepsin C, α2-macroglobulin and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase-3 (SERCA3) in the urinary exosomes and urine of 18 SCD subjects without albuminuria and 12 subjects with albuminuria using Western blot analyses. Both male and female subjects increased or tended to increase the excretion of these proteins in their urinary exosomes upon developing albuminuria, but female subjects demonstrated stronger correlations between the excretion of these proteins and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) compared to male subjects. In contrast, exosomal excretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein, β-actin and SHP-1 was independent of albuminuria. These findings provide a foundation for a time-course study to determine whether increases in the levels of these proteins precede the onset of albuminuria in patients, which will help determine the potential of these proteins as biomarkers for early detection of SCN.
Effects of combined exercise training with sleep education in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fank Felipe , Artismo Regiana Santos , de Santana Marcos Gonçalves , Esteves Andrea Maculano , Matte Darlan Laurício , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: February 2024

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Advanced age is a significant risk factor. Various treatment options have been explored to reduce the severity of OSA symptoms and physical exercise has emerged as a potential alternative therapy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a combined exercise program with sleep education on sleep quality and on the severity of OSA in older adults.

Methods

This is a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups that will involve individuals of both genders aged between 60 and 79 years who have an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of more than 15 events per hour and who have not received or are currently undergoing treatment for OSA. Older adults who have engaged in regular exercise in the last six months and individuals with contraindications to exercise will be excluded. The study will assess outcomes related to OSA, including AHI, oxygen desaturation index, minimum and mean oxyhemoglobin saturation, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and the type of respiratory events. Additionally, sleep quality-related outcomes, daytime sleepiness, physical activity, physical fitness, aerobic capacity, cognitive status, anthropometric measures, and health-related quality of life will be analyzed. Participants will be randomized to two groups: a combined exercise group (involving both resistance and aerobic training) with sleep education, and a control group that will receive only educational recommendations for managing OSA. The intervention will last 12 weeks and will consist of three sessions per week, totaling 36 exercise sessions. Sample size calculation indicates a minimum number of 36 participants.

Discussion

If the hypothesis is confirmed, this clinical trial will indicate an effective non-pharmacological intervention for treating OSA in older adults. This intervention could be used as an adjunct to existing approaches designed to improve OSA management.

Clinical trail registration

Brazil Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC), identifier RBR-9hk6pgz.
Trajectory Predictor and Conflict Detection Figures of Merit for a Performance-Based Adaptive Air Traffic Monitoring System
Authors: Xia Chen , Verdonk Gallego Christian Eduardo , Fabio Bracero Adrián , Gómez Comendador Víctor Fernando , Arnaldo Valdés Rosa María
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the impact of trajectory predictor performance on the encounter probability generated by an adaptive conflict detection tool and examines the flexibility of the tool dependent on its adjustable thresholds, using historical radar track data. To achieve these objectives, two figures of merit were proposed: System Dynamic Range and System Tuning Envelope. To examine the conflict detection’s performance variability under different uncertainty levels and predictor types, simple multi-horizon trajectory predictors trained with two machine learning techniques of different characteristics are assessed at various look-ahead times: extreme gradient boosting with a discrete nature and a multi-layer perceptron regressor with a continuous nature. The results highlight the interdependence between the performances of the trajectory predictor and the conflict detector, and the quantification of this relationship can be represented through a sigmoid function. In addition, the two proposed figures of merit are effective for selecting suitable operating points in an adaptive conflict detector, based on dynamic thresholds and the performance requirements necessary for the trajectory predictors to achieve the expected detection performance at different look-ahead time.
Experimental Study on the Soil Conditions for Rapeseed Transplanting for Blanket Seedling Combined Transplanter
Authors: Jiang Dong , Guan Zhuohuai , Jiang Lan , Wu Jun , Tang Qing , Wu Chongyou , Cai Yajun
Published: February 2024

To address the lack of available information on the soil physical conditions suitable for rapeseed blanket-shaped seedling transplanting, as well as the lack of protocols for the optimisation of soil tillage components in the utilisation of an integrated rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter, the physical parameters of different soil conditions and their impact on the growth of rapeseed after transplanting were investigated in this study. The aim was to determine the suitable soil physical parameters for rapeseed blanket-shaped seedling transplanting. First, the changes in soil firmness, soil bulk density, and soil moisture content during the installation of the rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter were tested and analysed, providing preliminary data for subsequent research. Using the variables of soil firmness and soil moisture content in the micro-environment around the roots and stems (30–50 mm) after rapeseed seedling transplantation and indicators such as the survival rate, root diameter, seedling height, and dry weight, an experiment on the growth of rapeseed blanket-shaped seedlings was conducted based on the furrow cutting transplanting principle. The results indicated that during the initial stage of rapeseed transplanting, the soil moisture content significantly influenced the vitality of the rapeseed plants. Under a high soil moisture content, the typically lengthy seedling period was shortened, and the effect on vitality was good, with minimal influence from the soil firmness. After seedling establishment, the rapeseed growth was significantly affected by the soil firmness. When the soil moisture content was less than 20%, increasing the soil firmness to 500 kPa was beneficial for moisture retention and rapeseed seedling growth. At a soil moisture content ranging from 20 to 25%, a soil firmness of 400 kPa was most suitable for both rapeseed vitality and late-stage growth. When the soil moisture content exceeded 25%, reducing the soil firmness to 300 kPa was beneficial for rapeseed growth, as an excessively high moisture content may lead to soil compaction, affecting seedling development. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of soil tillage components in the application of an integrated rapeseed blanket seedling combined transplanter and for the high-yield management of rapeseed after transplanting.
Impact of Anti-Mycotic Drugs on the Osteogenic Response of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Bewersdorf Tim Niklas , Hofmann Jakob , Findeisen Sebastian , Schamberger Christian , Lingner Thomas , Sommer Ulrike , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Grossner Tobias
Published: February 2024

The treatment of fungal bone infections and infected non-unions is a huge challenge in modern trauma and orthopedics, which normally contain the local and systemic administration of anti-fungal drugs. Although frequently used, little is known about the impact of systemic and locally administered fungicides on the osteogenic regenerative capabilities of infected bone tissue, especially upon the osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs). This study evaluates the effects of the three most common fungicides for the systemic treatment of bone infections, Voriconazole (VOR), liposomal Amphotericin B (LAMB), and Fluconazole (FLU), as well as the effects of VOR and LAMB-loaded Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement chips in different concentrations upon the osteogenic response of BM-hMSCs in vitro. Within this study, we compared the ability of BM-hMSC to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and synthesize hydroxyapatite as assessed by radioactive 99mTechnetium-Hydroxydiphosphonate (99mTc-HDP) labeling, cell proliferation, and analyses of supernatants upon various osteogenic parameters. Our results revealed that VOR added to the cell culture medium affects the osteogenic potential of BM-hMSC negatively, while there were no detectable effects of LAMB and FLU. Moreover, we showed dose-dependent negative effects of high- and extended-dose fungicide-loaded PMMA cement due to cytotoxicity, with a higher cytotoxic potential of VOR than LAMB, while low-dose fungicide-loaded PMMA had no significant effect on the osteogenic potential of BM-hMSC in vitro.
Harnessing γ-TMT Genetic Variations and Haplotypes for Vitamin E Diversity in the Korean Rice Collection
Authors: Somsri Aueangporn , Chu Sang-Ho , Nawade Bhagwat , Lee Chang-Yong , Park Yong-Jin
Published: February 2024

Gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT), a key gene in the vitamin E biosynthesis pathway, significantly influences the accumulation of tocochromanols, thereby determining rice nutritional quality. In our study, we analyzed the γ-TMT gene in 475 Korean rice accessions, uncovering 177 genetic variants, including 138 SNPs and 39 InDels. Notably, two functional SNPs, tmt-E2-28,895,665-G/A and tmt-E4-28,896,689-A/G, were identified, causing substitutions from valine to isoleucine and arginine to glycine, respectively, across 93 accessions. A positive Tajima’s D value in the indica group suggests a signature of balancing selection. Haplotype analysis revealed 27 haplotypes, with two shared between cultivated and wild accessions, seven specific to cultivated accessions, and 18 unique to wild types. Further, profiling of vitamin E isomers in 240 accessions and their association with haplotypes revealed that Hap_2, distinguished by an SNP in the 3′ UTR (tmt-3UTR-28,897,360-T/A) exhibited significantly lower α-tocopherol (AT), α-tocotrienol (AT3), total tocopherol, and total tocotrienol, but higher γ-tocopherol (GT) in the japonica group. Additionally, in the indica group, Hap_2 showed significantly higher AT, AT3, and total tocopherol, along with lower GT and γ-tocotrienol, compared to Hap_19, Hap_20, and Hap_21. Overall, this study highlights the genetic landscape of γ-TMT and provides a valuable genetic resource for haplotype-based breeding programs aimed at enhancing nutritional profiles.
Dietary Supplementation of Tannins: Effect on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunoglobins of Weaned Piglets—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nuamah Emmanuel , Poaty Ditengou Junior Isaac Celestin , Hirwa Fabrice , Cheon Inhyeok , Chae Byungho , Choi Nag-Jin
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the swine industry has witnessed the withdrawal of antibiotics and continuous regulation of zinc and copper oxides in the early-life nutrition of piglets. Due to this development, alternative additives from plant sources have been extensively explored. Therefore, this study’s objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with tannins on weaned piglets’ growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and serum immune status using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. A total of 16 studies with parameters of interest were deemed eligible after a two-step screening process following a comprehensive literature search in the scientific databases of Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were mainly (1) studies involving basal diet supplemented with tannins and (2) studies with the quantification of tannin doses, while the exclusion criteria were (1) studies with pre- and post-weaning pigs and (2) challenged studies. Applying the random-effects models, Hedges’ g effect size of supplementation with tannins was calculated using R software to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. Sub-group analysis and meta-regression further explored heterogeneity (PSMD < 0.05, I2 > 50%, n ≥ 10). Supplementation with tannins reduced the feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) but increased the final body weight (p < 0.01) of weaned piglets. Chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidin tannin sources yielded higher effects on growth performance. In addition, meta-regression models indicated that tannin dosage and supplementation duration were directly associated with tannins’ effectiveness on productive performance. In the serum, the concentration of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity were elevated (p < 0.01) in response to tannin supplementation, whereas malondialdehydes was reduced (p < 0.01). Likewise, increased immunoglobin M and G levels (p < 0.01) were detected. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with tannins, particularly with chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidins, increases the productivity of weaned piglets. At the same time, it is a possible nutritional strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and stimulate gut health. Thus, supplementing chestnut and grape seed proanthocyanidin tannins in the early phase of swine production could be used to alleviate the incidence of diarrhea.
Sustainable Green Extraction of Carotenoid Pigments: Innovative Technologies and Bio-Based Solvents
Authors: Morón-Ortiz Ángeles , Mapelli-Brahm Paula , Meléndez-Martínez Antonio J.
Published: February 2024

Carotenoids are ubiquitous and versatile isoprenoid compounds. The intake of foods rich in these pigments is often associated with health benefits, attributable to the provitamin A activity of some of them and different mechanisms. The importance of carotenoids and their derivatives for the production of foods and health-promotion through the diet is beyond doubt. In the new circular economy paradigm, the recovery of carotenoids in the biorefinery process is highly desirable, for which greener processes and solvents are being advocated for, considering the many studies being conducted at the laboratory scale. This review summarizes information on different extraction technologies (ultrasound, microwaves, pulsed electric fields, pressurized liquid extraction, sub- and supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction) and green solvents (ethyl lactate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids), which are potential substitutes for more toxic and less environmentally friendly solvents. Additionally, it discusses the results of the latest studies on the sustainable green extraction of carotenoids. The conclusions drawn from the review indicate that while laboratory results are often promising, the scalability to real industrial scenarios poses a significant challenge. Furthermore, incorporating life cycle assessment analyses is crucial for a comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of innovative extraction processes compared to industry-standard methods.
Dento-Alveolar Changes after Maxillary Hybrid Expansion and Multi-Bracket Therapy: A Comparative Study at Three Different (Vertebral) Maturation Stages
Authors: Ludwig Björn , Migliorati Marco , Drago Sara , Gallo Beatrice , Persano Roberta , Pesce Paolo , Menini Maria
Published: February 2024

Background: Rapid maxillary expansion is a common therapy when a palatal transversal discrepancy occurs. Different anchorage solutions have been proposed to obtain an effective skeletal expansion, even for adult patients. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of a hybrid expander and multi-bracket therapy, considering three groups of patients with different cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. Materials and Methods: The study evaluated 68 consecutively treated patients. The age of the patients varied from 7 to 27 years old (mean age 13.45). The sample was divided into the following three groups based on CVM stage at the start of treatment: Group 1 (CS1–CS2) included 21 patients (mean age 10.21, SD 1.34), Group 2 (CS3–CS4) included 28 patients (mean age 13.37, SD 1.37) and Group 3 (CS5–CS6) was composed of 19 patients (mean age 17.14, SD 3.48). Each patient underwent orthodontic therapy where the first step was a palatal expansion by means of a hybrid expander; afterwards, the therapy was completed with a multi-bracket appliance. Expansion and torque values were observed at the end of treatment on digital models. Results: Significant intragroup differences in transversal expansion were found over time for all parameters in all groups. No significant differences were found among groups for longitudinal changes. No significant differences were found among groups for longitudinal changes of torque. Conclusions: The tooth–bone-borne maxillary expander and multi-bracket produced a significant clinical expansion with negligible dental compensation. The effect of the maxillary expansion and multi-bracket therapy showed no differences among the maturation groups in regard to transversal diameter changes and torque values.