bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economia política internacional e o petróleo na Nigéria
Authors: De Oliveira Guilherme Ziebell , Filippi Eduardo Ernesto
Published: April 2021

A Nigéria, ao longo da década de 1970, atingiu grande autonomia e teve um papel destacado na sua região e no continente africano. Na década seguinte, opaís se alinha aos interesses das potências Ocidentais e perde espaço no cenário mundial. Este trabalho analisa, à luz da economia política internacional, a relação entre o petróleo e a política externa nigeriana.
Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dalam Synchronous E-Learning bagi Guru SD Negeri Mustikajaya VII Bekasi
Authors: Rahmatya Myrna Dwi , Wicaksono Mochamad Fajar , Hidayat Hidayat , Nurhayati Sri , Lubis Riani
Published: April 2021

This community service aims to improve the ability of SD Negeri Mustikajaya VII Bekasi teachers in utilizing information technology for synchronous e-learning. This needs to be done considering that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way people live today. Learning activities that are normally done face-to-face must now be done remotely. One of them is by implementing online learning. The method used for this service is online training using the Zoom meeting application. In this training, the material presented is Google Meet and Google Drive. Participants were asked several questions about Google Meet and Google Drive both before and after the training was held. This is done to determine the increase in the ability of participants in both materials. Participants are also given assignments regarding the two materials to practice the material that has been presented. The results of this activity indicate an increase in the ability of teachers to use Google Meet and Google Drive for online learning purposes.
Potencializando a construção de conhecimentos em sala de aula
Authors: Oliveira Priscila Daniele de , Paulo Jacks Richard de
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo apresenta reflexões a respeito da necessidade de abordar os conceitos geográficos de forma significativa ao promover os ensinamentos para crianças.  Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal desta investigação consistiu em refletir sobre as contribuições para a aprendizagem de crianças ao se abordar os conceitos geográficos vinculados as Histórias em Quadrinhos. Para tal, nessa pesquisa de cunho eminentemente qualitativo, apoiou-se nos preceitos da pesquisa colaborativa e da pesquisa-ação. Os dados da investigação evidenciaram que as Histórias em Quadrinhos escolhidas e trabalhadas possibilitaram a aprendizagem significativa dos fatos e fenômenos geográficos pelas crianças, representando uma estratégia facilitadora para abordar conceitos geográficos que fazem parte das relações cotidianas dos alunos, demonstrando suas contribuições para o processo de ensino, de aprendizagem e de produção de conhecimento.
AVERAGE PER CAPITA INCOME IN THE SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE STABILITY OF CREDIT AND SAVINGS OPERATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Gamukin V. V. , Miroshnichenko O. S.
Published: April 2021

One of the factors of stability of the banking system is the ratio of shares of deposits (deposits) and debt on loans of the population and organizations. The main idea of the study is the assumption that such stability is achieved by fulfilling the conditions of balance and dynamism of the subsystem of deposit and credit operations. The regularities of changes in the balance of shares of deposits (deposits) and debt on loans of the population and organizations and average per capita incomes of the population were revealed as an exogenous factor in the stability of the banking system of Russia during the period of 2001–2020.
EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN CAPITAL USE IN REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Karelin I. N.
Published: April 2021

The efficiency of human capital (HC) performance is not homogeneous and depends on the economic and geographical features of the territories under consideration. The article discusses some of the features of assessing the effectiveness of human capital performance in countries and regions, as well as the shortcomings in existing approaches to such assessments using spatial data. The author proposes his own approach to solving this problem, which makes it possible to take into account the regional and temporal features of the use of HC, leading to differences in the differentiation of its effectiveness for 85  constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2000–2018. The groups of regions with low, medium and high efficiency of HC performance were identified.
INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shmarikhina E. S.
Published: April 2021

Interpretations of the concept, approaches to measurement, statistical methods and indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the country’s economic security proposed by various scientists are considered in the article. Based on the review of federal legislation, the concept, criteria, quantitative (threshold) and qualitative parameters of Russia’s economic security are being clarified. The author’s technique of integral assessment of the country’s economic security is proposed. The results of calculating the  composite index for certain groups of factors and the integral index of Russia’s economic security for 2005–2018 are presented.
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF US STATES AND REGIONS IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Minat V. N.
Published: April 2021

The functioning of regional innovation systems at the level of states and regions of the United States, in addition to internal factors of development, is characterized by the strengthening of trends in international cooperation in innovation. Using the possibilities of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the innovative activity of regional systems based on the calculation of integral indicators that determine the level of development of this cooperation, as well as the method of cluster analysis, a study of the  leading states and regions of the country was carried out according to a specific algorithm. A grouping of the most successful states in the development of international innovation is carried out, an assessment of their spatial position within the statistical and economic regions of the United States is given, and trends in the development of international innovative cooperation for the period 2000–2019 are substantiated. at the regional level. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there are  significant opportunities for international cooperation, both realized over the two investigated decades, and potential, at the level of individual states and most regions of the United States in the innovation sphere, given the huge potential of the country’s economy.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CONFLICT
Authors: Pustovalova E. V. , Nagaytsev V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article raises a question of the influence of communication on the development of conflict interactions of social subjects. It is noted that communication can take various forms at different stages of the dynamics. The forms are specific and filled with relevant communicative resources. The paper considers the features of preconflict and conflict communication; communicative relations in conflict resolution and postconflict stage. The variety of existing communicative means allows the participants of social  conflict to ensure its management, but their communicative competence and certain conditions of the development of conflict situation play a significant role.
Tri svete Marije u hrvatskoj pasionskoj pučkoj književnosti
Authors: Dragić Marko
Published: April 2021

U radu se navodi i interpretira dvadesetak tradicijskih pasionskih pjesama, i običaja u okviru kojih se te pjesme kazuju, a koje govore o Mariji Magdaleni, Mariji Jakovljevoj i Mariji Salomi, koje su s Blaženom Djevicom Marijom pratile Isusa na Golgotu, stajale uz Isusa raspetoga na križu. Kad je prošla subota, kupile su miomirise s kojima su htjele pomazati Isusa u grobu. Usput su razgovarale tko će otkotrljati veliki kamen s groba kako bi ga pomazale. Kad su došle grobu, vidjele su da je kamen s groba otkotrljan, a grob prazan. Ušle su u grob i vidjele su mladića zaogrnutoga bijelom haljinom koji sjedi zdesna. Uplašile su se, a anđeo (mladić) im je rekao da se ne plaše jer je Isus uskrsnuo. Mladić im je rekao da idu Isusovim učenicima Petru i Ivanu i reknu im da Isus ide u Galileju i ondje će ga njegovi učenici vidjeti. Marije su se uplašile, pobjegle od groba do Petra i Ivana i obavijestile ih da je Isus uskrsnuo. Kada je Marija Magdalena obavijestila Petra i Ivana, vratila se grobu, a kod groba joj se ukazao Isus Krist.
Pjesme u radu interpretiraju se u kontekstu evanđelja i liturgije te u etnološkom i antropološkom kontekstu. Te pjesme i molitve zapisivane su tijekom prethodne dvadeset dvije godine u nekim mjestima u Republici Hrvatskoj te Bosni i Hercegovini. Sve te pjesme imaju izniman estetski značaj i u suglasju su s evanđeljima.
Towards a Revision of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) in Madagascar. II: Three New Species from the Littoral Forests
Authors: Callmander Martin W. , Phillipson Peter B.
Published: April 2021

The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae, Viticoideae) comprises 45 native species in Madagascar, all but one of which are endemic to the country. Several new species are still to be described, and we propose here three new species from the littoral forests: V. mcphersonii Callm. & Phillipson, V. rabenantoandroi Callm. & Phillipson, and V. zigzag Callm. & Phillipson. These three distinctive new species grow in the threatened littoral forests of the east coast of Madagascar. The risk of extinction to these species was assessed following the IUCN Red List Criteria, revealing that V. mcphersonii should be assessed as “Vulnerable,” V. rabenantoandroi as “Near Threatened,” and V. zigzag as “Critically Endangered.” Each new species is provided with a discussion of its morphological affinities and a line drawing.
Osseointegrated Implants in the Scenario of Osteonecrosis Occurrence with the use of Bisphosphonates: A Descriptive Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Braga Marcato Fábio Renato , Ferreira de Gois Marcato Juliana Caroline , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Kassis Elias Naim
Published: April 2021

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments which prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.
The Effects of Spirituality and Religiosity on Better Symptom Control in Patients With Covid-19
Authors: Guimarães Filho Gilberto Campos , Figueiredo Teixeira Maria Emília , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José , Maluf Cury Patrícia , Lucchetti Giancarlo
Published: April 2021

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), whose disease is COVID-19, in March 2020, spread around the world. To minimize the deleterious effects of emotional vulnerability, many strategies are in use worldwide, such as support groups, online courses, use of social networks, web meetings, yoga practice, meditation, and other contemplative religious and spiritual activities. Religious and spiritual beliefs have been used to deal with tough situations and, through scientific literature is still not so clear about the role of spirituality and religiosity (S/R) in physical and mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, this article proposes a discussion about the physiopathological mechanisms of COVID-19 and how S/R could be useful in this context. In this sense, religious faith can be a powerful resource for good health and well-being with a positive impact verified in mental health outcomes it is plausible to suggest that S/R should be an important tool in minimizing the population suffering at this moment. Spiritual care has long been recognized as one of the domains of quality palliative care, but every health care professional is ultimately responsible for ensuring spiritual care to deal with spiritual distress and improve quality of life in the scenarios inherent to COVID-19.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN KONSEP DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK YANG BERHADAPAN DENGAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA
Authors: Mashendra Mashendra
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Penerapan Konsep Diversi terhadap Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis tipe penelitian, yaitu penelitian hukum normatif dan penelitian hukum empirik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pelaksanaan diversi didasari keinginan menghindari efek negetaif terhadap jiwa dan perkembangan anak oleh keterlibatannya dengan sistem peradilan pidana. Pelaksanaan diversi oleh aparat penegak hukum didasari oleh kewenangan aparat penegak hukum yang disebut discretion atau diskresi.  Faktor-faktor yang menghambat penerapan diversi terkhusus di Kota Baubau adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Substansi Hukum. Diversi sudah diterapkan dalam beberapa bagian sistem hukum di Indonesia, namun terhambat oleh lemahnya implementasi dan penegakan hukum. Kelemahan yang terkandung dalam peraturan-peraturan yang terkait dengan penanganan ABH; (2) Struktur Hukum.  Kelemahan dari peraturan yang ada bisa teratasi apabila ada kepedulian dan sensivitas dari aparat penegak hukum dalam penanganan ABH. Hal ini terjadi karena mereka mempunyai diskresi untuk memberikan alternatif yang lebih baik daripada penjara untuk melindungi kepentingan masa depan anak; (3) Kultur Hukum/Partisipasi Masyarakat. Salah satu kendala terhambatnya penerapan diversi di Kota BauBau adalah paradigma masyarakat yang beranggapan bahwa setiap tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan ada balasannya (restributif justice).
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DALAM PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI, PARTISIPASI BELAJAR SERTA KREATIVITAS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN GEOGRAFI DI KELAS X-1 SMA NEGERI 3 BAUBAU
Authors: Mujurimi Mujurimi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan partisipasi belajar siswa, untuk meningkatkan prestasi dan kreativitas belajar siswa dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran cooperative learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran dengan cooperative learning dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan partisifasi belajar sehingga dapat merubah paradigma belajar dari teacher centered ke student centered. Secara tidak langsung metode ini berhasil juga meningkatkan hasil atau prestasi belajar serta kreativitas siswa dalam belajar.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK MELALUI TEKNIK MIND MAP DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN SISWA MEMECAHAKAN MASALAH PADA SMK NEGERI 2 MAKASSAR
Authors: Kurniawan Unhaluddin T
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini menelaah penerapan Bimbingan Kelompok melalui teknik Mind Map dalam meningkatkan keterampilan siswa memecahkan masalah pada SMK Negeri 2 Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan model quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian one group pretest–posttest. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 orang siswa secara random. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala dan dianalisis melalui analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterampilan siswa mencapai rata – rata skor 75,067 dan setelah perlakuan mencapai rata–rata 75,53 sehingga peningkatan terjadi sebesar 0,643. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh penerapan Bimbingan Kelompok melalui teknik Mind Map dalam meningkatkan keterampilan siswa memecahkan masalah pada SMK Negeri 2 Makassar.
FENOMENA PEMBUSURAN DIKALANGAN REMAJA
Authors: Sadif Ria Safaria
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena pembusuran dikalangan  remaja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.  Subjek penelitian primer dalam penelitian berjumlah 2 anak remaja (pelaku pembusuran), serta subjek penelitian sekunder 4 anak remaja (kepemilikan busur).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa subjek penelitian memiliki rentang usia masa remaja, masih berstatus sebagai pelajar di SMP dan SMA kota Baubau. Intensitas pertemuan orang tua dengan subjek penelitian dapat dikatakan kurang baik, karena kebanyakan orang tua bekerja di luar rumah dengan rentang waktu yang cukup lama. Rata-rata subjek mencari penghasilan juga ketika pulang sekolah dari sore hingga malam hari. Dengan demikian intensitas untuk bertemu dan berkomunikasi antar anak dan orang tua cukup minim terjadi. Motivasi remaja melakukan pembusuran, yaitu motif intrinsik dan motif ekstrinsik. Faktor-faktor penyebab pelaku melakukan pembusuran di kota Baubau yaitu faktor internal yang terdiri dari ketersinggungan antar kelompok dan adanya perasaan terancam, serta faktor eksternal yang terdiri dari faktor keluarga seperti kurangnya perhatian. Cara mendapatkan busur yaitu dengan cara membuat sendiri.
Ujian nasional sebagai wacana pendidikan
Authors: Taherong Rosmawati , Febriani Yuyun
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini di tujukan untuk mengkaji sebab yang mendasari terjadinya ragam wacana dalam membentuk persepsi social akan pentingnya pelaksanaan ujian nasional yang di terapkan sebagai standar pendidikan nasional. Kajian di lakukan melalui pendekatan sosiologi Pendidikan dengan model deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan pusposivesampel melalui responden terpilih. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa, Komponen ujian nasional menjadi simpang siur dalam pelaksanaannya. Hal ini berlaku oleh karena beberapa faktor yang mendasari munculnya kebijakan mutu ujian nasional yakni, pertama; Kopetensi pendidikan yang memuat beragam materi, nilai, dan sebagainya seolah dikesampingkan dalam pelaksanan UN karena dalam prakteknya memuat beberapa materi yang dikelompokkan sebagai bahan yang di ujikan, kedua; adanya standar angka kelulusan yang harus dikejar agar dinyatakan lulus tanpa menghiraukan etika dan moral yang digagas dalam hakikat pendidikan nasional.
Science Process Skills in Learning Physics: Is there an influence on learning outcomes?
Authors: Nurulia Eka
Published: April 2021

Student science process skills are very important to support student learning. In this study aims to provide information about the effect of science process skills in learning on student learning outcomes. It the study was conducted at Senior High School 1 Toboali using Pre-Experimental Designs with Intact-Group Comparision designs. This study uses material taught in school, namely the topic of effort and energy. The data collection technique using the instrument science process skills and achievement test by dividing the class into two: a control class and experimental class.  The data analyzed in descriptive and inferential (Test-T). It analyzes showed that the science process skills have some impact on learning outcomes at a significance level of 0.00 <0.05. Therefore, it is important for teachers to apply the science process skills approach to lengthen student activities during the learning process
Tinjauan Hukum Pendaftaran Hak Merek Terhadap Produk Pangan Lokal Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju
Authors: Suryansyah Suryansyah , Junaeda Junaeda
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju memerlukan adanya kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha sebagai upaya perlindungan terhadap hak kekayaan intelektual khususnya dalam hal pendaftaran merek. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, pada tahun 2018 terjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 6,22 persen. Salah satu faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut, yakni penyelenggaraan program pemerintah daerah dalam hal pendampingan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah melalui optimalisasi badan usaha milik desa dalam meningkatkan potensi pengolahan produk dari olahan pangan lokal seperti jagung, kopi, kakao, ubi, dan labu. Namun jika ditinjau pada aspek hukum, kesadaran pelaku usaha kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju dalam melakukan pendaftaran hak merek masih sangat rendah. Berdasarkan data pemohon pendaftaran kekayaan intelektual di Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Sulawesi Barat pada tahun 2019 hanya berjumlah 7 pendaftar saja. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh dua  factor yaitu, pertama, terkait dengan rendahnya pemahaman hukum masyarakat terkait hak kekayaan intelektual. Kedua, pertumbuhan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju tidak diiringi dengan pembentukan perangkat peraturan daerah dalam upaya perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tinjauan hukum pendaftaran hak merek terhadap produk olahan pangan lokal dalam meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju yang mana temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan informasi dalam upaya peningkatan pemahaman hukum masyarakat agar mendaftarkan merek dagang dan diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber bahan hukum dalam mendorong upaya pembentukan peraturan daerah tentang ekonomi kreatif di Kabupaten Mamuju.
A MOOC-BASED COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAM FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL: RESULTS, CHALLENGES, AND THE COVID-19 EFFECT
Authors: Perach Shai , Alexandron Giora
Published: April 2021

In an attempt to pave the way for more extensive Computer Science Education (CSE) coverage in K-12, this research developed and made a preliminary evaluation of a blended-learning Introduction to CS program based on an academic MOOC. Using an academic MOOC that is pedagogically effective and engaging, such a program may provide teachers with disciplinary scaffolds and allow them to focus their attention on enhancing students' learning experience and nurturing critical 21st-century skills such as self-regulated learning. As we demonstrate, this enabled us to introduce an academic level course to middle-school students. In this research, we developed the principals and initial version of such a program, targeting ninth-graders in science-track classes who learn CS as part of their standard curriculum. We found that the middle-schoolers who participated in the program achieved academic results on par with undergraduate students taking this MOOC for academic credit. Participatingstudents also developed a more accurate perception of the essence of CS as a scientific discipline. The unplanned school closure due to the COVID19 pandemic outbreak challenged the research but underlined the advantages of such a MOOC-based blended learning program above classic pedagogy in times of global or local crises that lead to school closure. While most of the science track classes seem to stop learning CS almost entirely, and the end-of-year MoE exam was discarded, the program's classes smoothly moved to remote learning mode, and students continued to study at a pace similar to that experienced before the school shut down.
STUDENT READINESS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING (PDP) NEW NORM IN THE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (JTMK), POLYTECHNIC SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (PSMZA)
Authors: Abdillah Nor Aidawati , Musa Mazidah
Published: April 2021

This study looks at students' readiness for teaching and learning (T&L) of new norms in the Department of Information and Communication Technology (JTMK), Polytechnic Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (PSMZA). The purpose of this study is to identify the level of readiness of students' acceptance of the T & L of this new norm and the existing facilities that influence the implementation of T&L’s new norm. This study uses a quantitative method involving a sample of study consisting of 81 students from semester 3 and 4 JTMK, PSMZA, and uses a questionnaire as a research instrument. All data collected were analysed with Statistical Package Social Science 20 (SPSS 20) software. The data obtained are analysed and presented in the form of percentages and mean scores which will then be interpreted in tabular form. Overall, the results of the study show that the level of readiness of students' acceptance of the T&L of the new norm is at a moderate level. However, the availability of existing facilities that influence the implementation of learning in the new norm shows a high level.
LEARNING METHOD USING GAMIFICATION OF "APA KERAJAAN BOLEH BANTU SAYA"
Authors: Noordin Nor Halina , Muhamad Junaidah , Mohd Hussin Nurul Hafidzoh
Published: April 2021

Malaysian Studies Subject 1 is introduced in the General Subject with the aim of applying national identity. Therefore, proper teaching methods are necessary to achieve that goal. This study aims to determine the level of students' attitudes towards the subject of Malaysian Studies 1, determine the level of students' interest in the game 'What Government Can Help Me' (AKBBS), identify differences in students' attitudes towards the subject of Malaysian Studies 1 based on gender and identify the relationship between attitudes and students' interest in AKBBS games. This study uses a questionnaire instrument that includes three components, namely the demographics of the respondents, the level of students 'attitudes towards the subject of History, and students' interest in AKBBS games. A total of 95 students in semester 1 of the Fashion & Clothing, Information Technology, and Light Vehicle Certificate courses were sampled for the study. The analysis was conducted in the form of mean scores, -tests, and correlations. The questionnaire was distributed online using Google Form. The findings found that the level of students 'attitude towards Malaysian Studies 1 and students' interest in AKBBS games is high. There is no difference in attitudes between the sexes. There is a significant relationship between students 'level of attitude and students' interest in AKBBS games. Therefore, a detailed and comprehensive study should be done on games and technology-friendly teaching methods to ensure that all students have high motivation and interest in the subject of Malaysian Studies 1.
PREPARATION FOR THE USE OF MS TEAMS AS THE MAIN PLATFORM OF PdPDT AMONG JTMK PMS STUDENTS
Authors: Muhammad Roziyaliney , Hasan Haris Fadillah , Saamri Norwahida
Published: April 2021

The MS Teams platform is the medium of choice for lecturers in delivering syllabus content to students. A survey entitled Preparation for the Use of MS Teams as The Main Platform Of PdPDT Among JTMK PMS Students was conducted to find out the level of preparation of students for the use of MS Teams platform as PdPDT main platform. A total of 250 JTMK PMS students consisting of students from semester 1 to semester 5 were selected as respondents to this survey. The Likert 5 scale questionnaire was used as a sample of data collection distributed through the google forms application to all respondents. The results of the analysis from this survey showed that in the ease of use of MS Teams, a mean reading of 3.95 was recorded with a standard deviation of 0.688. The second part, which is the interface design suitability recorded a mean reading of 4.11 with a standard deviation of 0.693. Part three which is the suitability of the topic design recorded a mean reading of 3.96 with a standard deviation of 0.701. Part four is the factor that helps students learn the topic of reading a mean reading of 4.04 with a standard deviation of 0.704 while the last part is the motivation of recording a mean reading of 3.77 with a standard deviation of 0.844. The overall mean index for this survey is 3.96. Overall, this survey proves that MS Teams can be accepted by JTMK, PMS students as the main platform for PdPDT to replace reality lecture rooms.
LEXSSA KIT IMPROVE READING SKILLS FOR STUDENT WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Gutasan Norleena , Karim Rojiah Saiwah , Mohd Kudin Zoriffah , Hassan Nor Jannah
Published: April 2021

The LEXSSA Kit (More Effective Xtra Fun Suitable for Student Levels) is produced for Students with Learning Disabilities. The aim of this research is to help students with Learning Disabilities such as students with Autism, Dyslexia, Slow Learner, Down Syndrome, and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) improve their reading skills. This study was conducted to observe the perception of Students with Learning Disabilities of using LEXSSA Kit as learning aids that can encourage active learning and improve the mastery of reading. The design of this research has used a survey method and presented in the form of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). Meanwhile, the LEXSSA Kit was produced through four adaptation processes using the PDCA Model and was implemented for Students with Learning Disabilities in the district of Tuaran, Kudat, and Kota Belud. Preliminary findings found that Students with Learning Disabilities unable to read simple syllables, words, phrases, and sentences without the help of a teacher. The result of the intervention using the LEXSSA Kit shows that Students with Learning Disabilities can read simple syllables and words independently. The finding of the assessment phase shows that 95 percent of Students with Learning Disabilities can read syllables and words using the LEXSSA Kit. The implication of this study proves that the LEXSSA Kit can help improve Students with Learning Disabilities' reading skills. It is easy to use, interactive, fun, engaging, encourages active learning among Students with Learning Disabilities, and cost-effective for teachers to use.
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOLS’ MALAY LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN TERMS OF VALUE
Authors: Asmawi Zainah , Wan Mohammad Wan Muna Ruzanna
Published: April 2021

The concept of professionalism is closely related to individual job scope in any field of work. Teacher professionalism demands a value to carry out teacher’s responsibilities with full commitment and dedication. As the quality of education is related to the value of teacher professionalism that will determine the effectiveness of teaching and learning. Standard Guru Malaysia (2009) has placed the value of professionalism as the main standard. Therefore, this research is conducted to review teacher’s professionalism among primary schools’ Malay Language teachers of Klang, Selangor in the term of value. The objective of this study is to identify the level of teachers’ professional practice English in terms of value and identify the level of self-assessment of teachers' professional practice in primary schools’ Malay Language teachers. Quantitative Research was used in this study involving 219 teachers. The questionnaire with five Likert scales has been used for the purpose of data collection. The items used are guided by Standard 1: Values of Professionalism in the Malaysian Teacher Standard. Descriptive statistics were used to know the mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage to obtain accurate findings in the process of analysis the items of study. Data obtained are analysed using Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The result of the analysis shows that the professionalism practice of Malay Language teachers in terms of values at the high level of 4.46. The finding describes the teachers know and practice the value of professionalism well but the value practice among teachers needs to be constantly enhanced because teachers are the transformation agent in the education system. The level of self-assessment among Malay Language teachers is at the high level of 3.68 means. In self-assessment section found that there are a few items that need to be emphasized in future studies because the feedback from this study illustrated that there are some disadvantages inherent in professionalism. And this affects the quality of professionals as Malay Language teachers. In conclusion, the teacher's efforts to complete the responsibilities towards the student, school, and community requires a strong value to produce professional attitudes teachers.
REVIEW OF STUDENT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT FOR PREPARING ONLINE LEARNING AT KOLEJ KOMUNITI GERIK
Authors: Abdul Aziz Nuraisyah , Borhan Suhaida , Mohd Hussin Nurul Hafidzoh
Published: April 2021

Kolej Komuniti Gerik (KKGP) recommended online learning as a physical learning substitute for educators and students to have an efficient and effective education. For online learning, students need a digital instrument such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and others. Therefore, a survey was carried out to identify instrument and sources used by the student for online learning, to identify the type of operating system and version of the operating system on telecommunication devices used by the student for online learning, to identify the relationship between the type of operating system and current memory space in the telecommunication devices and to identify the relationship between internet sources and devices owned by the student for the online learning. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis is used to get the relationship strength between two variables. Research result found that student preferred to use smartphone and laptop to conduct online learning. Students also preferred to use mobile internet as the main internet source. Statistic calculation results found that type of operating system and memory space are important to conduct online learning activities. Internet sources and devices used are not complemented to each other for online learning. Overall, almost all student has enough devices and sources for the online learning however student still requires appropriate devices and internet sources to fully conduct online learning activities.
DIGITAL LITERACY OF SOCIAL MEDIA USERS IN MEDAN CITY IN FACING HOAX
Authors: Sitepu Yovita Sabarina , Harahap Hendra , Trimurni Februati
Published: April 2021

Hoax and digitalization have become a threat to global democracy. During this pandemic, WhatsApp in collaboration with the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) has been successfully taken down 1, 759 hoaxes spreading on social media. Thus hoax content is circulating from January 23 to October 18, 2020. This study examines the literacy capability of social media users in Medan City in facing misinformation (Hoax). The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge of social media users in Medan City regarding hoaxes; describing the process of spreading hoaxes among social media users in Medan City, as well as to identify the types of hoaxes mostly received and spread by social media users. The quantitative descriptive method is used in this study The samples of this study amount to 250 respondents selected in the accidental method. The results obtained from the aforementioned respondents show that respondents agreed that hoax is ‘a deliberate fake news. They stated that they had not been forwarding ‘splashy news’ that they received and do fact-check. On the other hand, when asked about why the ‘splashy news’ was forwarded, the respondents reasoned that they received the news from someone they trusted. In addition, the respondents each stated that they thought the news was useful as they believed the news to be true. The types of hoaxes most frequently received include lucky draws, socio-politics, governance, and health.
New Onset Heart Failure after Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Qadir Fawad , Shahid Muhammad , Saeed Hadi Yousuf , Mohyudin Muhammad Tahir , Saad Abu Bakar Ali , Iqbal Zahid
Published: April 2021

Background: Cardiac pacing is the best optional treatment for cardiac rhythm disturbances such as cardiac arrhythmias, high grade atrioventricular (AV) block and heart failure (HF). Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing in patients with normal left ventricular heart, may stimulate HF and cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of new-onset heart failure after right ventricular apical pacing in patients having normal left ventricular (LV) function.

Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from March 2017 to January 2019 in Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi (CPE) Institute of Cardiology, Multan Pakistan. Adult patients (n=50) who fulfilled the American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines for permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion and with normal LV function were included in this study. Pacemaker was implanted in all patients under local anesthesia. All patients were followed up for six months to determine the occurrence of heart failure. 2-D echocardiography was done to determine heart failure at follow up in pacemaker clinic.

Results: Mean age of the study participants was 50.53 ± 6.75 years with male predominance. Mean pre-implantation ejection fraction (EF%) was 55.4 ± 4.2%. Main reason of PPM insertion was third degree AV block followed by right bundle branch block (RBBB). Incidence of HF was 4% at 06 months’ follow-up. Mortality occurred only in 1 (2%) patient.

Conclusions: Right ventricular pacing is associated with risk of new onset heart failure in long term follow-up. In the present study, HF developed in 4% patients in a follow-up period of six months
Association of Heavy School Bags with Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Primary School Children of Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Humaira Khan  , Hadiqa Adnan  , Sara Qayyaum  , Hajar Jamshaid  , Rabiya Tahir  , Qurat-ul-Ain
Published: April 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders, an increasing concern among school going children, primarily affect muscles and tendons. They lead to secondary damage to nerves and joints in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the association of carrying heavy school bags with musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children in government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in different government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to November 2018. After an informed consent from parents, 377 healthy school going children aged 6-14 years were included in this study. Data was collected through Backpack Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort with demographic characteristics and backpack-related features. P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of the school children was 9.49 ± 1.53 years with 179 (46.9%) male and 203 (53.1%) female students. Majority of students (89.8%) were found with school bags more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder pain was the most commonly reported complaint (67.3%). There was a significant association between pain and perceived backpack weight (P=.001), and between pain and self-perceived posture (P=.001). Leaning forward (66.2%) was the most commonly adopted posture followed by leaning sideways (15.4%) and stooping (2.9%), respectively. The association between pain and duration of carrying backpack from home to school was insignificant (P=.055) in contrast to pain and duration of carrying bag from school to home (P=.007), respectively.

Conclusions: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found commonly among primary school children with shoulder pain being the most frequent, as maximum students were carrying heavy school bags.
Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study
Authors: Shazia Parveen Channar  , Nasreen Qazi  , Sajjad Ali Almani  , Sehar Gul Memon  , Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi  , Rida Qureshi
Published: April 2021

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats.

Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05.

Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C).

Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.
Auricular Cartilage Interposition Arthroplasty in Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Liaquat Ahmad , Shah Arun Kumar , Riaz Nabeela
Published: April 2021

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in early childhood can lead to disturbances in growth, facial asymmetry and difficulties in eating as well as in breathing.  The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of auricular cartilage as an interpositional material after gap arthroplasty in pediatric patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis in maintaining the achieved postoperative mouth opening.

Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from 1st January 2019 to 30th November 2019. Thirty patients, aged 5 to 15 years with clinical and radiological diagnosis of TMJ ankylosis were included in the study. TMJ ankylotic mass was removed, the gap was created and interposition of auricular cartilage graft was done in these patients. Mouth opening was measured as a distance between the incisal edges of mandibular central incisors to maxillary central incisors using the scale. Preoperative and postoperative mouth opening was noted and compared using the paired t-test.

Results: Among the thirty patients, 19 were male and 11 were female. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 9.23±3.23 years (age range 5 to 15 years). The mean preoperative mouth opening (T1) was 7.3±3.1 mm, while the mean postoperative mouth opening (T2) was 29.2±3.3 mm. The mean interincisal distance was 29.0 mm (range 21 mm to 35 mm). The mean difference in pre- and postoperative mouth opening (T2-T1) was 21.6 ± 5 mm.

Conclusions: Autogenous auricular cartilage graft is an efficient and reliable interpositional material for achieving early postoperative mouth opening in TMJ ankylosis patients.
Seasonal trends of Influenza in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Sania , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Imran
Published: April 2021

Background: Viral outbreaks have always been a challenging task for clinicians and Influenza virus has been on top of the list. The history of influenza epidemic reveals its devastating effects in the form of multiple deaths and economic burden. Hence this study was planned to recognize the peak activity time span of Influenza infection and its frequency in our set-up at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan.

Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was performed in Pathology Laboratory, Shifa international hospital Islamabad from April 2016 to March 2019. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients of all age groups, with clinically suspected influenza infection throughout the year, irrespective of gender, according to hospital’s standard policy. Samples were analysed on GeneXpert kit (Xpert Flu Assay). Data collected was entered and then analysed in SPSS version 17.

Results: Of the total 591 samples included in study, 233 (39.4%) were positive for influenza (Flu A or Flu B), while 358 (60.6%) showed negative results. Total 172 (73.8%) were positive for Flu A while 61 (26.1%) were positive for Flu B. Among Flu A cases, 107 (62.2%) were positive for H1N1. Most of the positive cases (n=206; 88.4%) were reported in the months of January and February during the three-year period (2016-2019) of this study.

Conclusions: Influenza virus has peak activity in the months of January and February. Both Influenza A and B are circulating in the environment but Flu A is predominant and H1N1 is more prevalent.
Między sprawiedliwością a miłosierdziem. Porównanie amerykańskiej i rosyjskiej wersji Dwunastu gniewnych ludzi
Authors: Jabłoński Paweł
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to thematize two different types of attitudes to the law – which, referring to works by Marek Jan Siemek and Lon Luvois Fuller, I call the “Eastern attitude” and the “Western attitude”. This task is realized by a comparative interpretation of two famous films: 12 Angry Men, directed by Sidney Lumet, and Nikita Mikhalkov’s Russian-language remake of Lumet’s movie, titled 12. I try to show that although these two films tell similar stories, there are significant differences between them in regard to the perception of the law. In the American version, the law is a system of mechanisms that really work and are taken seriously. In the Russian version, the law is, to a large extent, only an appearance, which in reality must be replaced by ethics.
Bajkowa (r)ewolucja? Prawa kobiet a filmy Disneya
Authors: Kocemba Karolina
Published: April 2021

In the article, the author raises the issue of socialization of children through popular culture. She assumes that popular culture can be treated as a carrier of values and patterns of conduct, and also as a key factor of socialization. The codes, contexts or values that are conveyed through animated movies, are what a child can later refer to the surrounding reality. In this way, it is possible to learn family, professional or gender roles, which are then perpetuated in play. The author explores primarily the impact of popular culture through an analysis of animated films produced by Walt Disney Pictures, in which the main characters are princesses and in which gender roles get considerable exposure. Assuming that gender is socially constructed, we learn about gender norms through interactions with people and popular culture, which convey to us the norms and values of the society we live in. The author points out how the patterns conveyed by Disney movies have changed and what their relationship with women’s rights was. Simultaneously, the author analyses the impact of these films on legal culture, trying to see how animated movies affect legal awareness and attitudes towards the law, and what patterns are passed on to the youngest citizens.