bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redox-Active Ferrocene Polymer for Electrode-Active Materials: Step-by-Step Synthesis on Gold Electrode Using Automatic Sequential Polymerization Equipment
Authors: Guo Hao-Xuan , Takemura Yuriko , Tange Daisuke , Kurata Junichi , Aota Hiroyuki
Published: August 2023

Redox-active polymers have garnered significant attention as promising materials for redox capacitors, which are energy-storage devices that rely on reversible redox reactions to store and deliver electrical energy. Our focus was on optimizing the electrochemical performance in the design and synthesis of redox-active polymer electrodes. In this study, a redox-active polymer was prepared through step-by-step synthesis on a gold electrode. To achieve this, we designed an automatic sequential polymerization equipment that minimizes human intervention and enables a stepwise polymerization reaction. The electrochemical properties of the polymer gold electrodes were investigated. The degree of polymerization of the polymer grown on the gold electrode can be controlled by adjusting the cycle of the sequential operation. As the number of cycles increases, the amount of accumulated charge increases proportionally, indicating the potential for enhanced electrochemical performance.
High-Temperature and Pressure Downhole Safety Valve Performance Envelope Curve Study
Authors: Yuan Guohai , Wang Yonghong , Fang Yexin , Ma Rutao , Ning Kun , Tang Yang
Published: August 2023

The introduction of downhole safety valve performance envelope curves can effectively prevent the failure of the downhole safety valves during field operations. The method of drawing the performance envelope curve of high-temperature and pressure downhole safety value was proposed based on the mechanical properties of the downhole safety valve. The numerical simulation method was used for the mechanical performance of the downhole safety valve, and the stress change law of the overall structure of the downhole safety valve under the ultimate load was obtained. The ultimate bearing state and the failure threshold stress value of the key components of the downhole safety valve were further determined. The performance envelope curve of the downhole safety valve was finally completed. The results of the study show that the downhole safety value envelope curve can be obtained by studying the mechanical properties of the downhole safety valve, and each section of the envelope curve corresponded to the cause of failure of the downhole safety valve, giving the theoretical calculation idea of the downhole safety valve performance envelope curve. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for the study of the performance envelope curves of the downhole safety valves, packers, and other complex working conditions of downhole tools and their application in the field.
The Displacement Behaviors of Different Pore-Scales during CO2 Flooding and Huff-n-Puff Processes in Tight Oil Reservoirs Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Authors: Yang Mingyang , Huang Shijun , Ma Kuiqian , Zhao Fenglan , Sun Haoyue , Chen Xinyang
Published: August 2023

Injecting CO2 into tight oil reservoirs is a potential approach for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration. However, the effects of different pore-scales on EOR are poorly understood, and this has a significant impact on recovery. In this paper, a pore size correction model based on X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was developed in order to establish the relationship between the pore radius and the transverse relaxation time. Different pore-scales are divided according to the cumulative distribution characteristics of the transverse relaxation time (T2). CO2 flooding and huff-n-puff experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamic displacement behaviors in different pore-scales. The results indicate that there are three pore-scales: micropores (T2 < 0.3 ms), intermediate pores (0.3 ms < T2 < 100 ms), and macropores (100 ms < T2). However, there are also pseudo-sweep pores (PPs), equilibrium pores (EPs), and sweep pores (SPs) in the intermediate pores, depending on whether crude oil has been produced. Interestingly, the pressurization process causes some crude oil in the large pores to be squeezed into small pores. The recovery of CO2 huff-n-puff (19.75%) is obviously lower than that of CO2 flooding (51.61%). Specifically, it was observed that the micropores (−8%) and the pseudo-sweep pores (−37%) have a negative impact on oil recovery, whereas all pore-scales exhibit positive effects during CO2 flooding. In addition, it was found that the critical pore radiuses of CO2 flooding and huff-n-puff were 2.61 ms (0.15 µm) and 25 ms (1.5 µm), respectively, in the experiments, and that there is also more oil remaining in the macropores and the sweep pores during CO2 huff-n-puff. These results provide a deeper understanding of the displacement behaviors of different pore-scales in tight oil reservoirs.
Molecular Insight into the Occurrence Characteristics of Deep Oil with Associated Gas Methane and the Displacement Resistance in Water Flooding in Nano-Pore Throat
Authors: Zhou Lixia , Wang Weiming , Yan Youguo , Zhao Chengen , Zhong Jiahao , Liu Yuqi
Published: August 2023

In deep oil reservoirs, the existence of associated gas generally has a crucial impact on crude oil properties and flow performance. In this work, adopting molecular dynamic simulation, we studied the occurrence characteristics of oil with associate gas methane (the molar ratio of methane to oil rm/o were 1/4, 2/3, 3/2, and 4/1) in nano-pore throat and the displacement behavior of oil and methane in the water flooding process. Simulation results indicated: (1) an increasing replacement of the adsorption-status oil by methane as the methane content increased; (2) the oil and methane displacement efficiency was enhanced as the methane content increased in the water displacement oil and gas process; (3) the threshold displacement pressure gradually decreases as the methane content increases. The microscopic characteristics of the occurrence features and displacement performance of crude oil with associated methane in nano-pore throat were discussed in detail, and the underlying mechanism was discussed at the length concerning the interaction between different components. Our work provides an in-depth understanding of the occurrence characteristics and flow resistance of oil with associated gas in deep oil reservoirs.
Urine Peptidome Analysis Identifies Common and Stage-Specific Markers in Early Versus Advanced CKD
Authors: Hobson Sam , Mavrogeorgis Emmanouil , He Tianlin , Siwy Justyna , Ebert Thomas , Kublickiene Karolina , Stenvinkel Peter , Mischak Harald
Published: August 2023

Given the pathophysiological continuum of chronic kidney disease (CKD), different molecular determinants affecting progression may be associated with distinct disease phases; thus, identification of these players are crucial for guiding therapeutic decisions, ideally in a non-invasive, repeatable setting. Analyzing the urinary peptidome has been proven an efficient method for biomarker determination in CKD, among other diseases. In this work, after applying several selection criteria, urine samples from 317 early (stage 2) and advanced (stage 3b–5) CKD patients were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). The entire two groups were initially compared to highlight the respective pathophysiology between initial and late disease phases. Subsequently, slow and fast progressors were compared within each group in an attempt to distinguish phase-specific disease progression molecules. The early vs. late-stage CKD comparison revealed 929 significantly different peptides, most of which were downregulated and 268 with collagen origins. When comparing slow vs. fast progressors in early stage CKD, 42 peptides were significantly altered, 30 of which were collagen peptide fragments. This association suggests the development of structural changes may be reversible at an early stage. The study confirms previous findings, based on its multivariable-matched progression groups derived from a large initial cohort. However, only four peptide fragments differed between slow vs. fast progressors in late-stage CKD, indicating different pathogenic processes occur in fast and slow progressors in different stages of CKD. The defined peptides associated with CKD progression at early stage might potentially constitute a non-invasive approach to improve patient management by guiding (personalized) intervention.
One-Pot Synthesis of Stable Poly([c2]Daisy–chain Rotaxane) with Pseudo-Stopper via Metathesis Reaction and Thiol-Ene Reaction
Authors: Kamoto Risako , Onimura Kenjiro , Yamabuki Kazuhiro
Published: August 2023

Rotaxanes, known as supramolecular compounds, are expected to find applications in functional materials due to their high degree of freedom. However, their synthesis requires multistep reactions, and there is a demand for more convenient methods to synthesize rotaxane materials. In this study, we aimed to investigate a simpler method for synthesizing highly functional rotaxane materials and explore the diversity of molecular designs. To achieve this, we successfully synthesized a host–guest conjugated compound that incorporates both crown ether as the host unit and secondary ammonium salts as the guest unit within the same molecule. Subsequently, the metathesis reaction of these compounds, which construct [c2]daisy-chain rotaxanes, enabled the one-pot synthesis of a topological polymer called “poly([c2]daisy-chain rotaxane)” with a pseudo-stopper. This methodology achieves the stabilization and polymerization of rotaxanes simultaneously, contributing to the easy materialization of rotaxanes. Furthermore, the thiol-ene reaction achieved the extension of the distance between rotaxane units and provided a useful approach to diversify the design of functional materials with rotaxane structures.
Unveiling the Sacred Journey: The Birth of a Woodblock-Printed Buddhist Canon in the Great Hangzhou Region of the Southern Song Dynasty
Authors: Li Zhouyuan
Published: August 2023

This article delves into the literature sources and historical origins of the initial section of the Qisha Canon, a renowned block-printed Chinese Buddhist Canon carved in the greater Hangzhou region during the Song and Yuan dynasties. The existing first twelve volumes, preserved in Japan, exhibit distinct features characterized by notable stylistic script, textual content, and layout. These features indicate their direct lineage from handwritten Buddhist canons of the Northern Song Dynasty rather than from previously printed versions. The utilization of handwritten sources as the foundation for engraving, despite the availability of established printed editions, demonstrates an underappreciated complex relationship between manuscripts and printed canons of the period. Throughout the engraving process of the twelve volumes, the majority of contributors were found to be local commoners, with minimal participation from Buddhist followers. The fluidity of the fundraising locations underscores the inherent instability of such projects. Initially commencing in Liaoqin’s hometown in Huzhou, the project was subsequently transferred to the imperial city of Lin’an prefecture (modern Hangzhou), which shared a border with Huzhou. Ultimately, it found its new location in Pingjiang Prefecture (modern Suzhou). Moreover, this research presents a comprehensive analysis of 195 colophons, delving into the prices, locations, and backgrounds of the characters mentioned. This meticulous examination offers a vivid depiction of the religious and social landscape of the period and provides valuable insights into the recording conventions employed in these colophons.
From the Order of Zong Fa (宗法) to the Order of Ren Lun (人倫)—Confucianism and the Transformation of the Paradigm of Early Chinese Communities
Authors: Chen Yun
Published: August 2023

The form of community established by early Confucianism, represented by Confucius and Mencius, can be called the Ren Lun (人倫) community. This community order contains two interdependent dimensions: at the ethical level, it is primarily dominated by the parent-child relationship, with filial piety as its core dimension; at the moral level, its essence lies in the consciousness of human nature centered around Ren (仁), Yi (義), Li (禮) and Zhi (智) as its core, which goes beyond a mere universal human nature. This differs from the order of the Zong Fa (宗法) community in the Western Zhou Dynasty, whose axis is the way of brotherhood, with a vertical lineage connecting ancestors and descendants, in order to achieve unity and cohesion among the horizontal brother tribes. In the Zong Fa (宗法) community, morality and ethics are undifferentiated, and there is no distinction between individual and collective virtues, as well as ruling virtues and edifying virtues. The spiritual principle of the Zong Fa (宗法) community is Qin Qin Zun Zun (親親尊尊), which is both continuous and different from Ren Yi (仁義), revered by early Confucianism. Ren Yi (仁義) is extracted from Qin Qin Zun Zun (親親尊尊), but as a value principle, it possesses a higher universality. Qin Qin Zun Zun (親親尊尊) is a systemic principle closely tied to Zhou Li (周禮), while Ren Yi transcends the system as independent moral principles.
A Robust Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter Based on an Improved Measurement Noise Covariance Matrix for the Monitoring and Isolation of Abnormal Disturbances in GNSS/INS Vehicle Navigation
Authors: Yin Zhihui , Yang Jichao , Ma Yue , Wang Shengli , Chai Dashuai , Cui Haonan
Published: August 2023

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) integrated with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) have been widely applied in many Intelligent Transport Systems. However, due to the influence of various factors, such as complex urban environments, etc., accurately describing the measurement noise statistics of GNSS receivers and inertial sensors is difficult. An inaccurate definition of the measurement noise covariance matrix will lead to the rapid divergence of the position error of the integrated navigation system. To overcome this problem, this paper proposed a Robust Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter (RAKF) method based on an improved measurement noise covariance matrix. By analyzing and considering the position accuracy factors, measurement factor, and position standard deviation in GNSS measurement results, this paper constructed the optimal measurement noise covariance matrix. Based on the Huber model, this paper constructed a two-stage robust adaptive factor expression and obtained the robust adaptive factors with and without abnormal disturbances. And robust adaptive filtering was carried out. To assess the performance of this method, the author conducted experiments on land vehicles by using a self-developed POS system (GNSS/INS combined navigation system). The classic Extended Kalman Filter algorithm (EKF), Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) algorithm, Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) algorithm, and the proposed method were compared through data processing. Experimental results show that compared with the classical EKF, AKF, and RKF, the positioning accuracies of the proposed method were improved by 72.43%, 2.54%, and 47.82%, respectively, in the vehicle land experiment. In order to further evaluate the performance of this method, the vehicle data were subjected to different times and degrees of disturbance experiments. Experimental results show that compared with EKF, AKF, and RKF, the heading angle accuracy had obvious advantages, and its accuracy was improved by 34.65%, 31.53%, and 18.36%, respectively. Therefore, this method can effectively monitor and isolate disturbance and improve the robustness, reliability, accuracy, and stability of GNSS/INS integrated navigation systems in complex urban environments.
Subsidence of a Coal Ash Landfill in a Power Plant Observed by Applying PSInSAR to Sentinel-1 SAR Data
Authors: Shin Youngnam , Lee Hoonyol
Published: August 2023

We analyzed ground subsidence at the coal ash disposal sites of Stanton Energy Center, a power plant located in Orlando, Florida, USA, by applying 157 Sentinel-1 SAR images obtained between May 2017 and December 2022 in ascending orbit to the PSInSAR technique. A LiDAR DEM with 1 m posting was used for the DInSAR and StaMPS processing for PSInSAR. The results showed significant ground subsidence on the area where solar panels were installed on top of the coal ash landfill. The coal ash landfill was divided into three sites (A, B, and C) according to the landfill sequence. The spatially averaged PSInSAR showed subsidence rates of 7.3 mm/year, 6.2 mm/year, and 8.8 mm/year in sites A, B, and C, respectively. In particular, relatively newly deposited sites A and B showed a decreasing trend in subsidence rate with higher quadratic components in regression function, indicating a stabilization of the subsidence. On the other hand, the oldest site C exhibited the highest (and a relatively constant) subsidence rate, suggesting that the settlement occurred earlier and is now at a constant rate. It is also suspected that new dumping activity near C might have caused a higher subsidence rate than in sites A and B. No subsidence occurred at other solar panel installations on the ground outside the landfill, suggesting that the subsidence was caused by the gravitational compaction of the landfill materials rather than by the instability of the solar facilities. Comparison of PSInSAR results with lower resolution DEMs, such as SRTM and Copernicus DEM, showed range errors of the PS positions proportional to the height deviation from LiDAR DEM, highlighting the importance of accurate DEMs for the time-series analysis of SAR data.
The Uncertainty Analysis of the Entrance Pupil Irradiance for a Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation Instrument
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Dewitte Steven , Bi Shengshan
Published: August 2023

Moon-Based Earth Radiation Observation (MERO) is expected to improve and enrich the current Earth radiation budget (ERB). For the design of MERO’s instrument and the interpretation of Moon-based data, evaluating the uncertainty of the instrument’s Entrance Pupil Irradiance (EPI) is an important part. In this work, by analyzing the effect of the Angular Distribution Models (ADMs), Earth’s Top of Atmosphere (TOA) flux, and the Earth–Moon distance on the EPI, the uncertainty of EPI is finally studied with the help of the theory of errors. Results show that the ADMs have a stronger influence on the Short-Wave (SW) EPI than those from the Long-Wave (LW). For the change of TOA flux, the SW EPI could keep the attribute of varying hourly time scales, but the LW EPI will lose its hourly-scale variability. The variation in EPI caused by the hourly change of the Moon–Earth distance does not exceed 0.13 mW∙m−2 (1σ). The maximum hourly combined uncertainty reveals that the SW and LW combined uncertainties are about 5.18 and 1.08 mW∙m−2 (1σ), respectively. The linear trend extraction of the EPI demonstrates that the Moon-based data can effectively capture the overall linear change trend of Earth’s SW and LW outgoing radiation, and the uncertainty does not change the linear trend of data. The variation of SW and LW EPIs in the long term are 0.16 mW∙m−2 (SW) and 0.23 mW∙m−2 (LW) per decade, respectively. Based on the constraint of the uncertainty, a simplified dynamic response model is built for the cavity radiometer, a kind of MERO instrument, and the results illuminate that the Cassegrain optical system and electrical substitution principle can realize the detection of Earth’s outing radiation with the sensitivity design goal 1 mW∙m−2.
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Habitats Using Remote-Sensing Data and Machine-Learning Algorithms
Authors: Amani Meisam , Foroughnia Fatemeh , Moghimi Armin , Mahdavi Sahel , Jin Shuanggen
Published: August 2023

Progress toward habitat protection goals can effectively be performed using satellite imagery and machine-learning (ML) models at various spatial and temporal scales. In this regard, habitat types and landscape structures can be discriminated against using remote-sensing (RS) datasets. However, most existing research in three-dimensional (3D) habitat mapping primarily relies on same/cross-sensor features like features derived from multibeam Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), hydrographic LiDAR, and aerial images, often overlooking the potential benefits of considering multi-sensor data integration. To address this gap, this study introduced a novel approach to creating 3D habitat maps by using high-resolution multispectral images and a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM) coupled with an object-based Random Forest (RF) algorithm. LiDAR-derived products were also used to improve the accuracy of the habitat classification, especially for the habitat classes with similar spectral characteristics but different heights. Two study areas in the United Kingdom (UK) were chosen to explore the accuracy of the developed models. The overall accuracies for the two mentioned study areas were high (91% and 82%), which is indicative of the high potential of the developed RS method for 3D habitat mapping. Overall, it was observed that a combination of high-resolution multispectral imagery and LiDAR data could help the separation of different habitat types and provide reliable 3D information.
Low-Cost Distributed Optical Waveguide Shape Sensor Based on WTDM Applied in Bionics
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Zhenhua , Liu Qimeng , Chen Hao , Cui Weicheng
Published: August 2023

Bionic robotics, driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, new materials, and manufacturing technologies, is attracting significant attention from research and industry communities seeking breakthroughs. One of the key technologies for achieving a breakthrough in robotics is flexible sensors. This paper presents a novel approach based on wavelength and time division multiplexing (WTDM) for distributed optical waveguide shape sensing. Structurally designed optical waveguides based on color filter blocks validate the proposed approach through a cost-effective experimental setup. During data collection, it combines optical waveguide transmission loss and the way of controlling the color and intensity of the light source and detecting color and intensity variations for modeling. An artificial neural network is employed to model and demodulate a data-driven optical waveguide shape sensor. As a result, the correlation coefficient between the predicted and real bending angles reaches 0.9134 within 100 s. To show the parsing performance of the model more intuitively, a confidence accuracy curve is introduced to describe the accuracy of the data-driven model at last.
Robotic Medtronic Hugo™ RAS System Is Now Reality: Introduction to a New Simulation Platform for Training Residents
Authors: Cacciatore Loris , Costantini Manuela , Tedesco Francesco , Prata Francesco , Machiella Fabio , Iannuzzi Andrea , Ragusa Alberto , Deanesi Noemi , Qaddourah Yussef Rashed , Brassetti Aldo , Anceschi Umberto , Bove Alfredo M. , Testa Antonio , Simone Giuseppe , Scarpa Roberto Mario , Esperto Francesco , Papalia Rocco
Published: August 2023

The use of robotic surgery (RS) in urology has grown exponentially in the last decade, but RS training has lagged behind. The launch of new robotic platforms has paved the way for the creation of innovative robotics training systems. The aim of our study is to test the new training system from Hugo™ RAS System–Medtronic. Between July 2020 and September 2022, a total of 44 residents from urology, gynaecology and general surgery at our institution participated in advanced robotic simulation training using the Hugo™ RAS simulator. Information about sex, age, year of residency, hours spent playing video games, laparoscopic or robotic exposure and interest in robotics (90.9% declared an interest in robotics) was collected. The training program involved three robotic exercises, and the residents performed these exercises under the guidance of a robotics tutor. The residents’ performance was assessed based on five parameters: timing, range of motion, panoramic view, conflict of instruments and exercise completion. Their performance was evaluated according to an objective Hugo system form and a subjective assessment by the tutor. After completing the training, the residents completed a Likert scale questionnaire to gauge their overall satisfaction. The rate of the residents’ improvement in almost all parameters of the three exercises between the first and the last attempts was statistically significant (p < 0.02), indicating significant progress in the residents’ robotic surgical skills during the training. The mean overall satisfaction score ± standard deviation (SD) was 9.4 ± 1.2, signifying a high level of satisfaction among the residents with the training program. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the training program utilizing the Hugo™ RAS System is effective in enhancing robotic surgical skills among residents and holds promise for the development of standardized robotics training programs in various surgical specialties.
The Concept of Creating Digital Twins of Bridges Using Load Tests
Authors: Jasiński Marcin , Łaziński Piotr , Piotrowski Dawid
Published: August 2023

The paper sheds light on the process of creating and validating the digital twin of bridges, emphasizing the crucial role of load testing, BIM models, and FEM models. At first, the paper presents a comprehensive definition of the digital twin concept, outlining its core principles and features. Then, the framework for implementing the digital twin concept in bridge facilities is discussed, highlighting its potential applications and benefits. One of the crucial components highlighted is the role of load testing in the validation and updating of the FEM model for further use in the digital twin framework. Load testing is emphasized as a key step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the digital twin, as it allows the validation and refinement of its models. To illustrate the practical application and issues during tuning and validating the FEM model, the paper provides an example of a real bridge. It shows how a BIM model is utilized to generate a computational FEM model. The results of the load tests carried out on the bridge are discussed, demonstrating the importance of the data obtained from these tests in calibrating the FEM model, which forms a critical part of the digital twin framework.
Comparative Analysis of Centralized and Federated Learning Techniques for Sensor Diagnosis Applied to Cooperative Localization for Multi-Robot Systems
Authors: El Mawas Zaynab , Cappelle Cindy , Daher Mohamad , El Badaoui El Najjar Maan
Published: August 2023

Cooperation in multi-vehicle systems has gained great interest, as it has potential and requires proving safety conditions and integration. To localize themselves, vehicles observe the environment using sensors with various technologies, each prone to faults that can degrade the performance and reliability of the system. In this paper, we propose the coupling of model-based and data-driven techniques in diagnosis to produce a fault-tolerant cooperative localization solution. Consequently, prior knowledge can guide a discriminative model that learns from a labeled dataset of appropriately injected sensor faults to effectively identify and flag erroneous readings. Going further in security, we conduct a comparative study on learning techniques: centralized and federated. In centralized learning, fault indicators generated by model-based techniques from all vehicles are collected to train a single model, while federating the learning allows local models to be trained on each vehicle individually without sharing anything but the models to be aggregated. Logistic regression is used for learning where parameters are established prior to learning and contingent upon the input dimensionality. We evaluate the faults detection performance considering diverse fault scenarios, aiming to test the effectiveness of each and assess their performance in the context of sensor faults detection within a multi-vehicle system.
Detection of Propionic Acids Trapped in Thin Zeolite Layer Using Thermal Desorption Analysis
Authors: Oliva Giuseppe , Fiorillo Antonino S. , Islam Syed Kamrul , Pullano Salvatore A.
Published: August 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have recently received considerable attention for the analysis and monitoring of different biochemical processes in biological systems such as humans, plants, and microorganisms. The advantage of using VOCs to gather information about a specific process is that they can be extracted using different types of samples, even at low concentrations. Therefore, VOC levels represent the fingerprints of specific biochemical processes. The aim of this work was to develop a sensor based on a photoionization detector (PID) and a zeolite layer, used as an alternative analytic separation technique for the analysis of VOCs. The identification of VOCs occurred through the evaluation of the emissive profile during the thermal desorption phase, using a stainless-steel chamber for analysis. Emission profiles were evaluated using a double exponential mathematical model, which fit well if compared with the physical system, describing both the evaporation and diffusion processes. The results showed that the zeolite layer was selective for propionic acid molecules if compared to succinic acid molecules, showing linear behavior even at low concentrations. The process to define the optimal adsorption time between the propionic acid molecules was performed in the range of 5 to 60 min, followed by a thermal desorption process at 100 °C. An investigation of the relationship between the evaporation and diffusion rates showed that the maximum concentration of detected propionic acid molecules occurred in 15 min. Other analyses were performed to study how the concentration of VOCs depended on the desorption temperature and the volume of the analysis chamber. For this purpose, tests were performed using three analysis chambers with volumes of 25 × 10−6, 50 × 10−6, and 150 × 10−6 m3 at three different desorption temperatures of 20 °C, 50 °C, and 100 °C, respectively. The results demonstrated that the evaporation rate of the VOCs increased rapidly with an increasing temperature, while the diffusion rate remained almost constant and was characterized by a slow decay time. The diffusion ratio increased when using a chamber with a larger volume. These results highlight the capabilities of this alternative technique for VOC analysis, even for samples with low concentrations. The coupling of a zeolite layer and a PID improves the detection selectivity in portable devices, demonstrating the feasibility of extending its use to a wide range of new applications.
Design and Development of a Hair-like Sensor with Bridge-Type Flexible Amplification Mechanisms
Authors: Li Yongzhen , Cao Pei , Zhang Peng , Yang Hua , Zhu Xiaofeng , Guo Ruihua
Published: August 2023

Compared with lever-type amplification mechanisms, bridge-type flexible amplification mechanisms have advantages in terms of amplification ratio and structural compactness. Therefore, they can effectively replace the lever-type amplification mechanism in the existing hair-like sensors and realize the development of miniature hair-like sensors with high sensitivity. With that in mind, a highly sensitive hair-like sensor based on a bridge-type amplification mechanism with distributed flexibility is presented to measure the airflow rate. First, the structural composition and operating principle of the hair-like sensor are described. Then, detailed design and analysis of the hair-like sensor are carried out, focusing on the design of the hair post structure, amplification mechanism, and resonator. Furthermore, the designed hair-like sensor is processed and prepared, and some experimental studies are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed hair-like sensor can measure the airflow rate with high sensitivity up to 8.56 Hz/(m/s)2. This provides a new concept for the structural design of hair-like sensors and expands the application of bridge-type flexible amplification mechanisms in the field of micro/nano sensors.
Variations in Victimization: The Relationship between Community Types, Violence against Women and Reporting Behaviors
Authors: Randa Ryan , Bostrom Sarah R. , Brown Wyatt , Reyns Bradford W. , Fleming Jessica C.
Published: August 2023

Existing research suggests that victimization risk is higher among urban residents. Violence against women is a notable exception in this trend. While the literature does indicate that rural women are at equal risk for violent victimization, it does not differentiate between types of non-urban spaces (exurbs, suburbs, small towns, dispersed rural). We use a five-category measure of rural-urban location articulated land use to disentangle victim–offender relationship distribution using a female victim sample from the 1996–2005 United States National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In the most rural areas (dispersed rural locations), women are most likely to be victimized by friends or acquaintances. The proportion of women victimized by strangers in dispersed rural locations is very low. As urbanicity increases, so does the proportion of women victimized by strangers. The findings indicate that victim–offender relationships may be dictated by proximity. In dispersed rural locations, there are comparatively fewer people unknown to the victim than in central city locations. Consequently, proximity dictates that offenders in dispersed rural locations are unlikely to be strangers. The articulated land use measure ensures that the differences between types of rural and suburban locations are identified. Future research should consider the impact of proximity on rural victimization and increased specificity in rural measurements.
Opportunities for the Transformation of Border Towns into Sustainable Systems in the Republic of North Macedonia by Applying the Integral Theory
Authors: Balkoski Damjan , Lalović Ksenija , Stupar Aleksandra , Mihajlov Vladimir , Pencić Divna
Published: August 2023

The contemporary urban functioning of cities requires adaptability and progressive development guided by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that can be adjusted to local circumstances and needs. Currently, the small border towns in the Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) are facing numerous problems on social, economic and ecological levels (e.g., economic inequality, the unemployment and social isolation of citizens, the insufficient implementation of planning documents, the inadequate physical and functional structure of public spaces, the lack of environmental plans, improper waste management, etc.), which have influenced the efficiency and sustainability of their systems. Therefore, urban transformations are necessary due to the alarming reduction in the working-age population and the general stagnation which these towns experience. The aim of this article is to define possible solutions and recommendations for the ongoing urban challenges and transformations based on the performed analysis of the primary data sources, especially targeting the psychological and behavioral levels of identified problems, the culture of living and the management policies of local governments. The main research method used in the study was the AQAL method (all quadrants, all levels), which provided a comprehensive perspective of the current urban problems and conditions combined with a comparative analysis within an integrated framework. The application of these methods enabled the identification of the specific problems in the border towns, as well as the means and capacities for solving them, while simultaneously addressing the shortcomings and opportunities for urban renewal. By understanding the different viewpoints provided by the AQAL method, local governments, planners and policymakers can create adaptable urban models that can accommodate and overcome future changes and obstacles generated by contextual limitations. The obtained research results represent a starting point for the development and improvement of local sustainability through the advancement of economic innovations, environmental practices and social relations. Furthermore, specific recommendations are provided, directly and indirectly targeting the specificities of the selected towns, their urban development and management, as well as their future environmental and social sustainability.
Exploring Sustainability of Educational Environment among Health Science Students at the Largest Public University in Brunei Darussalam: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Alam Faiza , Abdul Rahman Hanif , Kok Kenneth Y. Y. , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H.
Published: August 2023

Health science students are the future healthcare workforce. Understanding and fostering a sustainable educational environment (EE) is essential in optimising their learning and the successful completion of their studies. A convergent mixed-methods study was conducted to explore health science students’ experiences of their EE at the largest public university in Brunei Darussalam. A cross-sectional design using the DREEM questionnaire (n = 150) and four focus group discussions (n = 31) involving five health science programs (biomedical sciences, dentistry, medicine, nursing/midwifery, and pharmacy) was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. Descriptive and linear regression analyses and thematic analysis were respectively performed on the quantitative and qualitative data. Although the university EE was experienced by students as “more positive than negative” (86.7%), 13.3% perceived it as having “plenty of problems”. This perception of learning was statistically significant among nursing/midwifery students (p = 0.012). Dentistry students reported positive perceptions across all five domains of the DREEM (an overall mean of 119.3 ± 10.3). The importance of a stimulating home learning environment, supportive peers, innovative teaching methods, soft skill development, and clinical learning enhancement were highlighted. To foster independence and student-centred learning, an educational program that empowers students on their EE, including ‘survival skills’ is recommended. Future research should compare health science students’ experiences in university and clinical EE, nationally and abroad (medical and dentistry twinning program), and develop indicators measuring the sustainability of the EE throughout health science programs.
Research on Full-Element and Multi-Time-Scale Modeling Method of BIM for Lean Construction
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng , Chen Haodong , Liu Jing , Liu Jiaqi , Zhang Meng , Tao Yibing , Li Junbo , Wang Xuyang
Published: August 2023

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a very effective technology for supporting lean construction. However, the current application of BIM during the construction phase does not incorporate all necessary elements of the construction site in a comprehensive manner. Additionally, the depiction of the construction process lacks the desired level of detail. These limitations impede the application of BIM-based lean construction. In this paper, we propose a full-element and multi-time-scale modeling approach to BIM during the construction phase. Our method first establishes a full-element model by reconstructing the main body of the building based on construction subdivision dimensions, construction technology, and management objectives. We then create a three-dimensional model that includes a process elements model of circulating materials, temporary facilities, construction machinery, and surrounding environmental elements. The integrated model of these elements provides a comprehensive representation of BIM at any static time point. Second, we conduct multi-time-scale simulations based on the full-element model. Our approach divides the entire time, local time, and special time points into three scales to simulate project progress, local structure construction technology, and working conditions. A case study of the Daxing International Airport construction project verifies that our method can achieve lean management of construction resources. Full-element modeling provides a comprehensive BIM representation at any static time point, thereby supporting lean construction by improving construction resource management, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency.
Ecological Niche Modeling of Invasive Macrophyte (Urochloa subquadripara) and Co-Occurrence with South American Natives
Authors: Duque Tayna Sousa , Souza Iasmim Marcella , Mendes Débora Sampaio , da Silva Ricardo Siqueira , Mucida Danielle Piuzana , da Silva Francisca Daniele , Silva Daniel Valadão , dos Santos José Barbosa
Published: August 2023

Invasive macrophytes are considered problematic in natural environments and hydroelectric reservoirs. Climate changes, the occurrences of watercourses, and biotic interactions influence biological invasions of macrophytes. The abundance of native species can be positively or negatively correlated with the occurrences of invasives. Urochloa subquadripara is an invasive in natural or disturbed habitats co-occurring with the natives Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia minima in South America. Aquatic plant communities can be altered by climate change, so species distribution models (SDMs) are important tools for predicting invaded areas. This study aimed to apply an SDM to study correlations of U. subquadripara with the potential distributions of native species E. crassipes and S. minima. Occurrence data for U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima were collected from databases and in consultation with the published literature. Parameters encompassing biological information of the species were entered into the CLIMEX software and used to generate the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The species co-occurrence was performed based on multicriteria decision-making (MCDM), and weights were assigned using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). It was observed that U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima had a higher occurrence in tropical and subtropical regions. However, it is predicted that these species may move to high latitudes from climatic changes. Considering climate changes, such as the increase in temperature and CO2, the risk of invasion by U. subquadripara in the northern hemisphere is mainly in lakes, whereas the areas conducive to invasions are rivers and reservoirs in the southern hemisphere. In general, emerging and floating macrophyte species such as U. subquadripara, E. crassipes, and S. minima will be favored, causing suppression of submerged species. Therefore, identifying the potential distribution of these species allows the creation of pre-invasion intervention strategies.
Social Media Literacy to Support a Conscious Use of Social Media in Adolescents and Improve Their Psychological Well-Being: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taibi Davide , Scifo Lidia , Bruno Nicola , Fulantelli Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Social media has a very important role in adolescents’ daily life, providing them with means for communicating, sharing, representing themselves and creating and maintaining relationships. However, social media can hide risks for the users which can undermine their mental well-being, especially amongst adolescents. The exploratory research presented in this paper aims at highlighting the relationships between the conscious use of social media by adolescents and their psychological well-being. In particular, we present a pilot study involving N = 80 adolescents (age 16–20), which was designed to analyse the constructs of mental well-being, life satisfaction and resilience in relation to the capacity of adolescents to use social media. Adolescents were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group attended a social media literacy course aimed at raising participants’ awareness of the benefits and pitfalls of social media. The Mann–Whitney U test has been used to assess statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to the age and the constructs under investigation. However, the test reported no statistically significant values (p > 0.05). We argue that statistically significant differences could be observed by involving a larger sample size. This seems to be confirmed by the low value of the power of the a posteriori test for all the variables considered. In this sense, our pilot study paves the way for new research aimed at investigating the impact of Social Media Literacy on adolescents’ psychological well-being.
Managing Airline Emissions, Noise, and Bird Strikes: Passengers’ Perspectives on Airlines’ Extrinsic and Intrinsic Environmental Practices
Authors: Aldahmashi Falah A. , Hassan Thowayeb H. , Abdou Ahmed H. , Saleh Mahmoud I. , Helal Mohamed Y. , Gebreslassie Daniel Alemshet , Salem Amany E. , Radwan Salaheldeen H.
Published: August 2023

The aviation industry significantly contributes to environmental degradation, particularly in airline emissions, noise pollution, and bird strikes. Despite the growing concern for sustainability in aviation industries, there is a lack of research on how passengers perceive airlines’ efforts to manage airlines’ environmental degradation. This study addresses this gap by investigating how passengers perceive airlines’ intrinsic and extrinsic environmental practices toward these issues. Using a scenario-based experiment, this study found that passengers are more likely to use an airline and spread positive word of mouth when environmental practices form part of intrinsic management efforts rather than extrinsic environmental practices, suggesting that airlines should focus on implementing sustainable practices that align with their core values rather than simply adopting superficial measures for public relations. The findings of this research have important theoretical and managerial implications for airline managers in terms of enhancing their sustainability practices. By prioritizing intrinsic management efforts, airlines can improve their environmental performance and enhance their reputation among environmentally conscious passengers, ultimately leading to increased profitability and long-term sustainability for the industry.