bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfusion-related adverse reactions: An update from a district hospital in Ghana
Authors: Boachie Joseph , Yahaya Piiga Jemila , Esi Donkoh Irene , Boakye Amponsah Seth , Akuoko Essuman Mainprice , Dadzie Esther , Boye Alex
Published: June 2023

Background: Transfusion therapy is indispensable for effective emergency medicine practice. However, in resource-poor settings transfusion therapy is suspected to be practiced in a manner that may be contributory to morbidity and mortality among blood recipients. Yet, there exists a wide information gap, with respect to incidence of transfusion-related adverse reactions secondary to inappropriate blood prescription.

Objective: This study assessed incidence of transfusion-related adverse reactions in a district hospital in Ghana.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021. Patients attending a district hospital in Kumasi, Ghana who were prescribed blood transfusion were recruited into the study after oral/written consent. Patients’ demographic data, blood components and units of blood requested as well as the ward of patients were recorded. Records of patient’s full blood count (FBC), body temperature, blood pressure and transfusion-related adverse reactions were extracted from their medical folders.

Results: Out of 200 patients, 169 were transfused with whole blood while 31 patients received packed red cells. Majority (48%) of the patients were transfused with ≤1 unit whereas 10% received 3 units of blood. Anaemia (Hb = 6.13 g/dl) and leukocytosis (WBC = 13.83 x 103/µL) were observed in the haematological parameters in which the MCV and lymphocyte count differed significantly in males compared to females. The overall incidence of transfusion-related adverse reactions was 47.5%. Of the 169 patients who received whole blood, more than half (53.8%) experienced more than one of the transfusion-related adverse reactions that were monitored. Finally, patients within the ages of 19-29 years had the highest incidence of transfusion reaction (30.5%) and overall, the number of units administered was significantly associated with the incidence of transfusion reaction (p<0.011). Conclusion: Transfusion-related adverse reaction was common at the study setting. This could be attributed to inappropriate administration of blood and blood products. Strict adherence to World Health Organization recommendations on transfusion therapy needs to be encouraged and supervised in the study setting>< 0.011)

Conclusion: Transfusion-related adverse reaction was common at the study setting. This could be attributed to inappropriate administration of blood and blood products. Strict adherence to World Health Organization recommendations on transfusion therapy needs to be encouraged and supervised in the study setting.
Los antropónimos en la clase de cultura de ELE
Authors: Fernández Juncal María Carmen
Published: June 2023

Este trabajo indaga en los antropónimos de personalidades famosas que aparecen en los materiales docentes de la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (ELE). A partir de un corpus de 24 manuales de diversas épocas y diferentes niveles de aprendizaje, se ha elaborado un corpus bastante extenso, con casi 1900 nombres. Su análisis, específicamente de aquellos que presentan más de una recurrencia, nos permite ver las tendencias en la selección de los contenidos culturales en la clase de ELE: la presencia escasa de mujeres, el origen español mayoritario de las figuras presentes, la época actual como la mejor representada y el ámbito literario, junto con otras áreas artísticas, como entornos temáticos más frecuentes. El valor de estos datos nos permite reivindicar la competencia onomástica como parte inexcusable de una competencia comunicativa integral.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E-HEALTH LITERACY AND RATIONAL DRUG USE: A STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: GÖDE Ali , ÖZTÜRK Yunus Emre , KUŞCU Fatma Nuray
Published: June 2023

It is desired to provide rapid access to health information on the Internet and to determine the relationship between rational drug use that affects people's quality of life. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between e-health literacy and rational drug use in university students. In line with the purpose of the research; The sample of the study consisted of 541 people determined by simple random sampling method among the students continuing their education at the university, and the data were collected by applying a face-to-face questionnaire. In the study, "Personal Information Form", "E-Health Literacy Scale" and "Rational Drug Use Scale" were used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program. In addition, as an analysis method, it was determined that the data were normally distributed; t test, ANOVA and pearson correlation analyzes were applied in independent groups. 541 students participated in the research.As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of e-health literacy and rational drug use. It is predicted that as the level of e-health literacy increases, the level of rational drug use will increase.
A Study on Robotic Education in Schools at Coimbatore
Authors: Dr. Kamala Saravanan  , Abishek C P
Published: June 2023

Abstraction is a valuable approach to teaching robotics to students in Coimbatore. It simplifies complex concepts, making them more accessible. Modular design breaks down robots into parts, helping students understand how they work. Simulations provide a safe environment for students to experiment with robot behaviors. Simplified programming focuses on key concepts, making coding more accessible. Abstraction inspires students and prepares them for careers in robotics, benefiting Coimbatore's growing industry.
Diversitas Dewan Komisaris dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Pengungkapan Manajemen Risiko Perusahaan
Authors: Ananda Robby , Dewi Fajar Gustiawaty
Published: June 2023

One of the challenges facing the business world today is vulnerability to unwanted risks. For this reason, a comprehensive risk management system is needed to mitigate bad things and increase stakeholder confidence in the company. The leadership structure of Indonesian organizations that adheres to the two-tier concept by separating the roles and responsibilities of Commissioners and directors causes the board of Commissioners and directors to also carry out internal control functions. This leadership structure involves the commissioner's role in terms of risk management disclosure. On the other hand, the issue of diversity in public companies in Indonesia is a factor that affects the complexity of alternative decision-making that affects the disclosure of risk management. This study will examine the effect of diversity of Commissioners such as age, gender, and educational background on the level of disclosure of Corporate Risk Management. This study will take a sample of state-owned companies in Indonesia that are registered as members of the IDX during 2018-2019. This study will use the size of the company as a control variable. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. This study concluded that age diversity had no effect, while gender diversity and educational background diversity of company commissioners had an effect on risk management disclosure. This study shows that in addition to government regulations that have not been fully implemented on risk management disclosure obligations, it also shows that the background of the board of commissioners can affect the level of disclosure of the company's risk management in general. Transparency of risk management information will affect the level of confidence of investors and external stakeholders in the resilience and ability of the company in the face of uncertain situations.
Pengaruh Seleksi, Penempatan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Saleh Totok Bachtiar Chairul , Paramata Moh. Rolli , Karundeng Deby R. , Yakup Yakup
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of selection, placement and work environment on employee performance with motivation as an intervention variabel (Study at Muara Tirta Gorontalo Water Company). The data used in this study is primary data sourced from filling out questionnaires. The research population is 127 respondents using the census method. The analysis technique used to answer research problems and test hypotheses is path analysis with the help of Statistical Product Service Solution (SPSS) and Lisrel ver. 8.7 The findings of this study are (1) the interaction has a positive and significant direct effect on employee motivation, (2) placement has a positive and direct significant effect on employee motivation, (3) the work environment has a positive and direct significant effect on motivation employee work, (4) placement has a direct positive and significant effect on employee performance, (5) placement has a positive and direct significant effect on employee performance, (6) work environment has a positive and direct significant effect on employee performance, ( 7) work motivation has a direct positive and significant effect on employee work performance, (8) selection has a positive and direct significant effect on employee performance through work motivation, (9) placement has a direct positive and significant effect on employee performance through work motivation, ( 10) the work environment has a positive and significant direct effect on employee work performance through work motivation.
ANALISIS USAHA TERNAK KAMBING KACANG DI PETERNAKAN UD. DUA SEPAKAT DESA PANTE GAJAH KECAMATAN PEUSANGAN KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Zakia Balqis  , Sitti Zubaidah
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha ternak kambing kacang pada UD. Dua Sepakat di Desa Pante Gajah Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen pada bulan November sampai dengan bulan Desember 2021. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada usaha ternak kambing kacang milik Bapak Safwandi Ibrahim di Desa Pante Gajah Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh adalah Rp.241.868.028/tahun dengan Total Biaya yang dikeluarkan adalah Rp. 638.131.972/tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan prospek pengembangan (B/C Rasio), yaitu memiliki angka perbandingan 0,38> 0, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha ternak kambing kacang milik Bapak Safwandi Ibrahim di Desa Pante Gajah Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen layak untuk dikembangkan.
TELUK MARUDU BERDASARKAN CATATAN PETA ALEXANDER DALRYMPLE
Authors: Manzes Any Farina
Published: June 2023

Peta Kepulauan Borneo dicatat dan dilakar seawal tahun 1525 oleh Antonio Pigaffeta dengan nama Burne yang merujuk kepada Brunei. Namun, pada tahun 1537, utara Sabah dicatatkan dalam kartografi awal oleh Caspar Viegas, orang pertama yang meletakkan kedudukan Teluk Marudu dalam peta. Hanya pada tahun 1770 sebuah peta khusus telah dihasilkan merangkumi kawasan perairan di utara Sabah termasuk Teluk Marudu oleh Alexander Dalrymple. Peta ini dihasilkan dengan kaedah pemetaan yang teliti dengan menyatakan beberapa nama tempat dan lokasi persekitaran semula jadi serta budaya. Kajian ini menjelaskan kedudukan nama tempat yang dicatat dalam kartografi masa kini tentang antikuiti tempat tersebut. Melalui kajian ini, kewujudan penempatan awal di sekitar Teluk Marudu pada abad ke-18 dapat dikenal pasti.
TAPAK BATU BUAYA, SANTUBONG DARI SUDUT ARKEOLOGI
Authors: Nameing Durasima
Published: June 2023

Tapak Batu Buaya (TBB) di Santubong, Sarawak merupakan subjek utama dalam kajian ini. Tapak ini merupakan salah satu tinggalan tradisi megalitik di Santubong yang dahulunya pernah dipuja dan dianggap memiliki semangat oleh penduduk tempatan. Hasil tinjauan awal mendapati TBB mempunyai nilai sejarah yang begitu signifikan bagi masyarakat di Santubong. Namun, tidak ada laporan secara mendalam tentang perubahan dari aspek fizikal tapak ini, terutamanya kesan faktor geografi tapak ini yang terletak di muara sungai dan sering ditenggelami air. Tujuan kajian ini adalah ingin memperlihatkan kondisi fizikal tapak dan membuat perbandingan fizikal TBB pada tahun 1969 berbanding pada masa kini. Kajian ini mendapati sememangnya terdapat perbezaan dan perubahan yang ketara dengan berlakunya pemendapan dan hakisan pada TBB yang menyebabkan separuh daripada fizikal tapak telah termendap oleh pasir sungai.The crocodile stone site in Santubong, Sarawak is the main subject in this study. This site is one of the remains of megalithic traditions in Santubong which was once revered and considered to have the spirit of the locals. The preliminary findings show that this site has a significant historical value to the community in Santubong. However, there is no in-depth report on the physical aspects of the site, especially the impact of geographical factors on the site, which is located at the mouth of the river and is often flooded. The purpose of this study was to look at the physical condition of the site and to make physical comparison of this site in 1969 compared to today. The study found that there were significant differences and changes with the sedimentation and erosion of this site which caused half of the physical site to be sandwiched by river sand.
FUNGSI DAN CABARAN BARUK SEBAGAI WARISAN BUDAYA BIDAYUH
Authors: Atar Suzanne Anak , Ansely Angelina , Bala Bilcher
Published: June 2023

Baruk merupakan sebuah rumah khas yang berfungsi sebagai balai raya bagi etnik Bidayuh di Sarawak. Pada zaman dahulu, baruk mempunyai pelbagai fungsi sosial dan politik. Setiap perkampungan masyarakat Bidayuh mempunyai baruk masing-masing. Pada masa ini, jumlah baruk semakin berkurangan, sekali gus telah mengalami perubahan dari segi fungsi. Baruk yang masih kekal atau yang dibina semula bagi menjadi mercu tanda sesebuah kampung, monumen lambang warisan budaya dan identiti bagi masyarakat Bidayuh. Artikel ini akan membincangkan fungsi dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh baruk pada hari ini. Kajian artikel ini menggunakan sumber primer, sekunder dan lisan serta kajian kerja lapangan. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan tentang perubahan yang berlaku ke atas baruk sebagai sebuah institusi budaya bagi kaum Bidayuh.Baruk is a special house that serves as a community hall for the Bidayuh ethnic groups in Sarawak. In traditional times,Â baruk have a variety of social and political functions. Each village of Bidayuh has its own baruk. Nowadays, the number of baruk decreases and there has been a change in function. Thebarukwhich still exists or has been rebuilt, become as the landmark of a village, and is a monument symbol of cultural heritage and identityÂ for the Bidayuh community. This article will discuss the current functions and challenges faced by the baruk. The study of this article uses primary, secondary, and oral sources as well as field work studies. This article aims to clarify the issues of change that apply to the baruk as a cultural institution for the Bidayuh community.
La mercantilización del fútbol a través de la «tokenización» de activos
Authors: Gilart González Olga
Published: June 2023

El fútbol como industria ha suscitado intereses económicos desde diferentes puntos de vista. La ingeniería jurídico-económica se ha adentrado en el mundo deportivo creando nuevos modelos de negocio y las nuevas tecnologías han contribuido a este desarrollo. Así, la era digital también se ha adueñado del deporte. Empresas como Sorare, Socios, Bitci, Crypto o Dapper Labs representan el futuro inmediato en materia de rendimientos vinculados con el fútbol.
El proceso de «tokenización» de activos, que consiste en atribuir de forma abstracta un valor a un objeto o derecho, ha permitido nuevas formas de monetizar el fútbol. ¿Cuál será el alcance de la fiebre de la digitalización en el fútbol?
Desde la imagen del jugador, hasta la compraventa de derechos federativos, todo es susceptible de convertirse en token.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo, a través del análisis de la tokenización de algunos activos, entender mejor las consecuencias prácticas y jurídicas que se derivan de la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías al mundo del fútbol y considerar en qué medida contribuyen a la mercantilización del deporte rey y sus jugadores.
ANALISA BAKTERI TAHAN ASAM PADA DAHAK PEROKOK AKTIF PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU
Authors: Sinaga Eka Margaretha , Siahaan Maniur A , Sipayung Apriska Dewi
Published: June 2023

Acid fast bacteria (AFB) are cell walls containing complex lipids so that in Ziehl-Neelsen staining they can bind dyes because they are not washed off by 3% HCl Alcohol (Alcoholic Acid). One of the host factors in pulmonary tuberculosis is smoking habits and exposure. Smoking habits will damage the defense mechanism of the lungs, which causes the lungs to be more easily infected with tuberculosis germs. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of analysis of acid-fast bacteria in the sputum of active smokers. The research method used was descriptive cross-sectional by examining acid-fast bacteria in the sputum of active smokers suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis by microscopic examination of sputum (direct smear smear) using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. smear examination with Ziehl-Neelsen staining in patients with tuberculosis at Putri Hijau Hospital in 2022, totaling 20 samples, found 4 positive results and 16 samples with negative results.
PENENTUAN KADAR RESIDU PESTISIDA PROFENOFOS PADA TANAMAN TOMAT GAFHA DENGAN METODE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Futeri Renny
Published: June 2023

Research on determination of Profenofos Pesticide Residue Levels on Agafha Tomatoes Using Gas Chromatography Method has been carried out. The purpose of conducting research on samples of tomatoes that are often consumed by the community is to find out whether the tomato plants are suitable for consumption by the community or whether they have a negative impact if consumed frequently and to find out whether the tomato samples reach the maximum residue limit that has been set. After analyzing the Agaftha tomato samples in the pesticide laboratory, data was obtained that the Agaftha tomatoes contained prefenofos pesticide residues with a concentration of 0.0805 mg/kg, and the results of this test stated that the Agaftha tomato samples could be consumed properly because the concentration did not exceed the maximum residue limit. Prefenofos residue is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 55/PERMENTAN/KR.040/11/2015. The maximum residue limit (BMR) for the active ingredient profenofos is 10 mg/Kg. Hence, it can be concluded that the Agaftha tomato sample is suitable for consumption because the concentration of residue levels in the Agaftha tomato sample is lower than the BMR which has been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia.
»Že v naprej je natančno preračunana vsaka možnost, kjer bi se dal v zadnjem hipu ujeti še kak košček slovenske zemlje.« Delovanje mednarodne razmejitvene komisije na Štajerskem v letih 1920–23
Authors: Čuček Filip
Published: June 2023

V razpravi avtor analizira delovanje razmejitvene komisije na Štajerskem v letih 1920–23. Potem ko je senžermenska mirovna pogodba julija 1920 postala pravnomočna, je bila dva tedna kasneje v Parizu imenovana posebna mednarodna razmejitvena komisija, ki je imela nalogo, da na terenu definitivno določi mejo. V skladu s pogodbo je morala izdelati plan dela in določiti mejo, sporna območja pa markirati in definirati na terenu. Komisija je vodila, organizirala in koordinirala dela na meji, po potrebi pa obiskovala sporna območja in preverjala mejne točke.
TÜRKİYE’NİN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NE YÖNELİK BAŞLATMIŞ OLDUĞU ÜYELİK REFORMLARI İLE 15 TEMMUZ BAŞARISIZ DARBE GİRİŞİMİ ARASINDAKİ KORELASYON İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: MIRCIOĞLU Doğa
Published: June 2023

Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği arasındaki ilişkilerin seyri incelendiğinde uygulamada yapılan değişikliklere odaklanılması oldukça önemli olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusu üyelik kapsamında yapılan siyasi reformların Türkiye’de gerçekleşen darbenin başarısızlıkla sonuçlanması arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Türkiye’de yapılan siyasi reformların iyileştirici etkisini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem ikincil verilere dayandırılarak yapılan betimsel analiz yöntemidir. 15 Temmuz öncesi ve 15 Temmuz sonrası Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği ilişkileri analiz edilerek karşılıklı diyaloglara odaklanılmıştır.
Hubungan Personal Hygiene (Kebersihan Handuk) dengan Kejadian Scabies di Pondok Pesantren Nizhomul Hikmah Desa Tamiang
Authors: Lubis Juliana
Published: June 2023

Tempat-tempat yang menjadi favorit bagi sarcoptes scabei adalah daerah-daerah lipatan kulit seperti telapak tangan, kaki, selangkangan, lipatan paha, lipatan perut, ketiak dan daerah vital. Penyakit scabies disebabkan faktor kebersihan yang kurang dipelihara secara baik. Alat tidur berupa kasur, sprei, bantal, tempat tidur dan kondisi kamar yang pengap, dapat memicu terjadinya gatal-gatal. Walaupun tidak sampai membahayakan jiwa, penyakit scabies perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena tingkat penularannya yang tinggi serta dapat mengganggu kenyamanan, terutama saat tidur dimalam hari dan gangguan konsep diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan personal hygiene (Kebersihan Handuk) dengan kejadian scabies di Pondok Pesantren Nizhomul Hikmah Desa Tamiang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat analitik dengan desain cros sectional, dengan data primer, dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Populasi 43 orang santri/wati kelas 2 tsanawiyah dan pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling yaitu 43 orang santri/wati kelas 2 tsanawiyah dan di analisa dengan uji chi-square.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan personal hygiene (kebersihan handuk) dengan kejadian skabies di pondok pesantren Nizhomul Hikmah Desa Tamiang dengan nilai p=0.002<p=0.05. Dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan memberikan informasi kepada siswa tentang kebersihan diri dan lingkungan pondok pesantren agar terhidar dari penyakit scabies.
Kata Kunci :  Personal hygiene, scabies  
ABSTRACT
                    The places that are a favorite for Sarcoptes scabei are areas of skin folds such as the palms of the hands, feet, groin, groin, abdominal folds, armpits and vital areas. Scabies disease is caused by hygiene factors that are not properly maintained. Sleeping equipment in the form of mattresses, sheets, pillows, beds and stuffy room conditions can trigger itching. Although it is not life-threatening, scabies disease needs attention because of its high transmission rate and can interfere with comfort, especially during sleep at night and disturbances in self-concept.  This study aims to determine the relationship of personal hygiene (towel cleanliness) with the incidence of scabies at the Nizhomul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School, Tamiang Village. This research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design, with primary data, using an observation sheet. The population is 43 students in grade 2 tsanawiyah and sampling with a total sampling of 43 students in grade 2 tsanawiyah and analyzed by chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between personal hygiene (towel cleanliness) and the incidence of scabies in the Nizhomul Hikmah Islamic boarding school, Tamiang Village, with a value of p=0.002<p=0.05. Can improve health services and provide information to students about personal hygiene and the environment of Islamic boarding schools to avoid scabies disease.Keywords: Personal hygiene, scabies
UMA ANÁLISE DA ANTECIPAÇÃO DO CUMPRIMENTO DA PENA EM FACE DA AUSÊNCIA DE PRAZO FINAL NA PRISÃO PREVENTIVA
Authors: Cunha Júnior Claúdio Pereira da
Published: June 2023

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar os principais aspectos da antecipação do cumprimento da pena em razão da prisão preventiva, sendo ela uma modalidade de prisão processual muito atacada, mas aceita socialmente em razão de ser conhecida como necessária. Consistindo em uma restrição à liberdade de locomoção do investigado, antes mesmo de uma sentença condenatória, em virtude da necessidade de manutenção da ordem pública e da proteção do processo penal. Todavia, devido ter caráter excepcional, deve ser decretada apenas quando comprovada a real necessidade e estiverem presentes os requisitos legais. Ainda que haja uma sistemática para sua decretação, o instituto é vitíma da banalização, tendo como consequência desse processo, a violação dos direitos fundamentais do homem, insegurança jurídica e a degradação carcerária. Mediante tal cenário, traçou-se uma trajetória para o desenvolvimento do estudo deste tema que proporciona um panorama do instituto e aborda as principais discussões acerca de sua utilização e amplitude, tal como ressalta impactos diretos.
Climate and ice sheet dynamics in Patagonia during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Castillo-Llarena Andrés , Retamal-Ramírez Franco , Bernales Jorge , Jacques-Coper Martín , Rogozhina Irina
Published: June 2023

Abstract. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~ 23,000 to 19,000 years ago), the Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) covered the central chain of the Andes between ~ 38° S to 55° S. Existing paleoclimatic evidence – mostly derived from glacial landforms – suggests that maximum ice sheet expansions in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres were not synchronized. However, large uncertainties still exist in the timing of the onset of regional deglaciation as well as its major drivers. Here we present an ensemble of numerical simulations of the PIS during the LGM. Our aim is to assess the ability of paleoclimate model products to reproduce the range of atmospheric conditions needed to enable the ice sheet growth in concordance with geomorphological and geochronological evidence. The resulting ensemble is then used as a guideline for the evaluation of the PMIP3 and PMIP4 model performance across different sectors of the former PIS. Our analysis suggests a strong dependence of the PIS geometry on near-surface air temperature forcing. All the ensemble members driven by PMIP products are not able to reproduce the reconstructed ice cover in the northern part of Patagonia. In contrast, the modelled PIS tends to expand beyond its constrained boundaries in south-eastern Patagonia. We largely attribute these discrepancies between the model-based ice geometries and geological evidence to the low resolution of paleoclimate models. We conclude that among all tested climate forcings, the PMIP4 climate models INM-CM4-8 and MPI-ESM1-2-LR produce the necessary conditions for ice sheet growth across Patagonia. It should be kept in mind that this analysis is based only on the evaluation of the modelled ice sheet extent because geological constraints on the former ice thickness are still lacking. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that a realistic PIS geometry at the LGM can be reproduced only if the complex topographic features of the Andes are properly resolved by climate models.
A new cropland area database by country circa 2020
Authors: Tubiello Francesco Nicola , Conchedda Giulia , Casse Leon , Hao Pengyu , De Santis Giorgia , Chen Zhongxin
Published: June 2023

Abstract. We describe a new dataset of cropland area circa the year 2020, with global coverage, with data for 221 countries and territories and 34 regional aggregates. Data are generated from geospatial information on the agreement-disagreement characteristics of six open access high-resolution cropland maps derived from remote sensing. The cropland area mapping dataset (CAM) provides information on: i) mean cropland area and its uncertainty; ii) cropland area by six distinct cropland agreement classes; and iii) cropland area by specific combinations of underlying land cover product. The data indicated that world cropland area is 1500 ± 400 million hectares (Mha) (mean and 95 % confidence interval), with a relative uncertainty of 25 % that increased across regions. It was 50 % in Central Asia (40 ± 20 Mha), South America (180 ± 80 Mha), and Southern Europe (40 ± 20 Mha); up to 40 % in Australia and New Zealand (50 ± 20 Mha), South-eastern Asia (80 ± 30 Mha) and Southern Africa (16 ± 6 Mha). Conversely, cropland area was estimated with better precision, i.e. smaller uncertainties in the range 10 %–25 % in Southern Asia (230 ± 30 Mha), Northern America (200 ± 40 Mha), Northern Africa (40 ± 10 Mha), Eastern and Western Europe (40 ± 10 Mha). The new data can be used to investigate coherence of information across the six underlying products, as well as to investigate important disagreement features. Overall, 70 % or more of the estimated mean cropland area globally and by region corresponded to good agreement of underlying land cover maps–four or more. Conversely, in Africa cropland area estimates found significant disagreement, highlighting mapping difficulties in complex landscapes. Finally, the new cropland area data were consistent with FAOSTAT in 15 out of 18 world regions, and for 114 out of 182 countries with a cropland area above 10 kha. By helping to highlight features of cropland characteristics and underlying causes for agreement/disagreement across land cover products, the CAM dataset can be used as a tool to assess quality of country statistics and help guide future mapping efforts towards improved agricultural monitoring. Data are publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7987515 (Tubiello et al., 2023a).
New Zealand's first gauge-based sea level measurements
Authors: Rowe Glen H.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. James Cook's second voyage to the South Seas, undertaken to settle the question regarding the existence or otherwise of the “Great Southern Continent” (Terra Australis Incognita), involved two vessels, the Resolution and Adventure. The Board of
Longitude appointed two astronomers from the Royal Observatory, Greenwich,
to the voyage, William Wales and William Bayly, respectively, one to each
vessel. They were instructed, in addition to their astronomical duties, to
observe the height and time of the tides. To this end, Bayly and Wales
fabricated tide gauges and conducted timed measurements of sea level during
their stopovers in New Zealand during 1773. This paper reviews those tidal
observations, the first of their kind in New Zealand, using modern understanding of the tide, assuming that no significant change in the tidal
regime at each location has taken place during the intervening period. When
compared to the predicted (hindcast) astronomical tide, the majority (80 %) of the observed ranges and times agreed within 20 cm and 30 min, respectively. Whilst their observations have little scientific value today (other than indicating the quality attainable in the late 18th
century), Bayly and Wales can not only rightfully lay claim to making New
Zealand's first tide gauge measurements but also, as far as it possible to
ascertain, be justifiably proud of the quality of their endeavours.
Speeding up large wind farms layout optimization using gradients, parallelization, and a heuristic algorithm for the initial layout
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael Valotta , Pedersen Mads Mølgaard , Schøler Jens Peter , Quick Julian , Réthoré Pierre
Published: June 2023

Abstract. As the use of wind energy expands worldwide, the wind energy industry is considering building larger clusters of turbines. Existing computational methods to design and optimize the layout of wind farms are well suited for medium-sized plants; however, these approaches need to be improved to ensure efficient scaling to large wind farms. This work investigates strategies for covering this gap, focusing on Gradient-Based (GB) approaches. We investigated the main bottlenecks of the problem, including the computational time per iteration, multi-start for GB optimization, and the number of iterations to achieve convergence. The open-source tools PyWake and TOPFARM were used to carry out the numerical experiments. The results show Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) as an effective strategy for reducing the time per iteration. The speedup reached by AD scales linearly with the number of wind turbines, reaching 75 times for a wind farm with 500 wind turbines. However, memory requirements may make AD unfeasible in personal computers or for larger farms. Moreover, flow case parallelization was found to reduce the time per iteration, but the speedup remains roughly constant with the number of wind turbines. Therefore, top-level parallelization of each multi-start was found to be a more efficient approach for GB optimization. The handling of spacing constraints was found to dominate the iteration time for large wind farms. In this study, we ran the optimizations without spacing constraints and observed that all wind turbines were separated by at least 1.4D. The number of iterations until convergence was found to scale linearly with the number of wind turbines by a factor of 2.3, but further investigation is necessary for generalizations. Furthermore, we have found that initializing the layouts using a heuristic approach called Smart-Start (SMAST) significantly reduced the number of multi-starts during GB optimization. Running only one optimization for a wind farm with 279 turbines initialized with SMAST resulted in a higher final AEP than 5,000 optimizations initialized with random layouts. Finally, estimates for the total time reduction were made assuming the trends found in this work for the time per iteration, number of iterations, and number of multi-starts holds for larger wind farms. One optimization of a wind farm with 500 wind turbines combining SMAST, AD, flow case parallelization, and without spacing constraints takes 15.6 h, whereas 5,000 optimizations with random initial layouts, Finite-Differences, spacing constraints, and top-level parallelization are expected to take around 300 years.
ISSUES OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Sadybekova S.I. , Abzhekenova B.G. ,   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: June 2023

The given article considers the innovative activity in the sphere of higher education as an activity to transform the pedagogical process, to introduce innovations aimed at its improvement. Significant role in the formation of a new Kazakhstan and the successful development of the regions is played by universities, which innovation developments are carried out in accordance with the requirements of local consumers and training of personnel in demanded specialties. The advanced training of highly qualified competitive specialists speaking several languages is the most important and crucial factor in the terms of the country's transition to the innovative way of development. In this regard, we considered it also necessary to study the importance of finding innovative ways and approaches to increase motivation to learn foreign languages. One of these forms is modern learning technology, the introduction of which contributes to effective language learning, and will ensure a high level of learning, corresponding to the challenges and opportunities of today's world, allow young people to adapt in a rapidly changing, unstable environment. Innovations in higher education are really important and systematically self-organizing ones arising from a variety of initiatives and innovations that are promising for the evolution of education, and make a significant contribution to the development of all forms and methods of learning in higher education.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PROJECT METHOD FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TOOLS
Authors:   Khoja Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University,  Turkestan city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Parpieva Kh.Kh.
Published: June 2023

Оқу бағдарламасын‬да химия‬ға бөлін‬ген сағаттар‬дың күрт қысқаруы о‬ның мазмұн‬ын сақ‬‬тай отыр‬ып, мұғалімдер‬дің қазір‬‬гі дәстүр‬‬лі сабақ беру барысын‬да мағлұматтар‬ды ықшамдауы байқалу‬да. Бұл оқушылар‬дың пән‬ге де‬ген қызығушылығы‬ның төмендеуі, яғни олар‬ды әртүр‬‬лі бағалау нәтижелерін‬де тө‬мен дәреже көрсетуі қазір‬‬гі кезде‬‬гі шешім‬ін қажет етет‬ін мәселе. Сондықтан химия пән‬ін жоба‬лық тәсіл арқы‬‬лы ақпарат‬тық технологиялар‬ды қолда‬на отыр‬ып жоба‬лық тәсіл‬ді химия мұғалімдері‬не оқыту‬дың негіз‬‬гі әдіснама‬сы ретін‬де ұсыну а‬са өзек‬ті мәселе. Мақалада сауалнама, білім деңгейін анықтау тесті, тест тапсырмалар, эксперимент, өзін-өзі бағалау және нәтижелерді талдау - эмпирикалық зерттеу әдістері қолданылған. Зерттеу жұмысында негізгі обьект ретінде химия-биология білім беру бағдарламасының 1-курс студенттері таңдап алынған. Білім алушылардың бастапқы білім деңгейін анықтау мақсатында тест сұрақтары алынған.Жобалық тәсілді ақпараттық технология құралдарымен байланыстыра отырып жүргізілген сабақтардың әдістемесі келтірілген. Жобаның топтық және зерттеу түрлерін таңдай отырып, жобаның құрылымдарына сәйкесізденіс жұмыстары, қызықты тәжірибелер, видеолар, презентациялар жасалынған.Learning.app, wordwall, classroomscreen, view.genyally.ly платформаларды жобалық тәсілмен байланыстыра отырып тапсырмалар берілген. химияны оқытудың жобалық тәсілін ақпараттық технология құралдарымен қолдана өтілген сабақтардың нәтижесінде студенттерінің білім деңгейі 10%-ға көтерілгендігі анықталған
Social bot detection in the age of ChatGPT: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Ferrara Emilio
Published: June 2023

We present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in social bot detection in the context of the rise of sophisticated AI-based chatbots. By examining the state of the art in social bot detection techniques and the more salient real-world application to date, we identify gaps and emerging trends in the field, with a focus on addressing the unique challenges posed by AI-generated conversations and behaviors. We suggest potentially promising opportunities and research directions in social bot detection, including (i) the use of generative agents for synthetic data generation, testing and evaluation; (ii) the need for multimodal and cross-platform detection based on network and behavioral signatures of coordination and influence; (iii) the opportunity to extend bot detection to non-English and low-resource language settings; and, (iv) the room for development of collaborative, federated learning detection models that can help facilitate cooperation between different organizations and platforms while preserving user privacy.
РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ ЗАХИСТУ ПРАВ ДІТЕЙ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗА КОРДОНОМ
Authors: Авдєєва А.В.
Published: June 2023

Установлено, що цивілізованість суспільства виявляться саме у захисті слабких категорій осіб таких, як: жінки, люди похилого віку та діти. Зазначені категорії громадян є найбільш уразливими у психологічному та соціальному плані. Виявлено, що найбільш незахищеною категорією є та буде дитина. Незважаючи на те, що вона має як загальний, так і спеціальний правовий статус, на сьогодні становище дітей істотно погіршилося за рахунок військо-вих і збройних конфліктів, а також через зростання злочинів, що скоюються по відношенню до дітей, наприклад, вбивства, викрадення, незаконна торгівля, сексуальна експлуатація та інші. Аргументовано, що насильство в масштабах будь-якої країни призводить до кризи прав дитини, яка може затягнутися на кілька поколінь. Мільйони дітей зайняті не підходящою для них працею, яка пе-решкоджає їх розвитку та освіті, а також завдає фізичної чи психологічної шкоди, а що ще гірше – загрожує їхньому життю. Виявлено, що за кордоном заборонені тілесні покарання, але за статистикою щороку більше ста тисяч дітей їх отримують. Для багатьох із них, наслідком таких дій стає смерть чи самогубство, хтось тікає з дому. Акцентовано, що останнім часом збільшили-ся випадки загибелі дітей у дитячому віці. Таке насильство веде до випущення із-під догляду неповнолітніх осіб. Усе це визнано порушенням прав дитини, са-ме тому необхідно комплексно вивчити політику держави у галузі захисту прав дітей, а також запозичувати успішний закордонний досвід з метою вироблен-ня найоптимальнішого механізму захисту прав дітей.
МЕХАНІЗМ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО КОРДОНУ
Authors: Синишин М.М.
Published: June 2023

В статті проаналізовано етапи формування та функціонування державного кордону. Розглянуто теоретичні та практичні напрями удосконалення управлінської діяльності з охоронидержавного кордонувід внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз. Визначено, що логіка розвитку сучасних процесів у сфері захисту і охорони державного кордону України обумовлює диференціювання складу, організаційної структури, функцій і завдань пограничної служби України на військові і невійськові компоненти з пріоритетним будівництвом прикордонних військ, оперативних органів, служб прикордонного контролю, прикордонної варти, забезпечення безпеки. Дієвість системи забезпечення прикордонної безпеки країни багато в чому залежить від влагодженого механізму її функціонування і подальшого вдосконалення. Є значні незатребувані резерви підвищення ефективності функціонування системи забезпечення прикордонної безпеки України.
Сучасні реалії підвищують значущість розробки теоретико-методологічних основ забезпечення національної безпеки раніше усього понятійного апарату теорії забезпечення прикордонної безпеки, закономірностей і принципів політики забезпечення безпеки країни.
A EJA e o Ensino Superior: desafios do ingresso de estudantes jovens e adultos na graduação.
Authors:   , Ranielli Bezerra Torres Ítalo
Published: June 2023

O presente trabalho traz uma visão sociológica acerca de alguns fatores que permeiam a decisão do estudante da modalidade de ensino Educação de Jovens e Adultos – EJA ao terminar do ensino médio de cursar ou não o Ensino Superior. O objetivo principal é destacar alguns fatores que colaboram para a tomada de decisão do estudante acerca do ingresso ou não no ensino superior, a principal motivação ao trabalhar esse tema é a necessidade de se ter respostas sobre o porquê poucos estudantes da EJA ingressam e permanecem no ensino superior. A Pesquisa passa por uma fase de análise histórica dessa modalidade de ensino, trazendo fatos que por décadas estiverem presentes na educação de jovens e adultos no Brasil, depois passando pela história de oferta de ensino superior no país. A pesquisa de campo utiliza-se de questionários direcionados a estudantes de três turmas do terceiro ano do ensino médio de três escolas estaduais do cariri paraibano, essas localizadas nas cidades de Monteiro, Sumé e Serra Branca, cidades essas que estão ligadas geograficamente ao Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido CDSA, campus da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – UFCG, e também ao campus VI da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba – UEPB, Consequentemente essas três cidades geram muitos ingressos para esses campus, esse também foi um dos critérios para a escolha do campo de pesquisa. Os resultados nos apontam para fatores de ordem social, econômica e cultural que interferem diretamente na opção dos estudantes em pleitearem uma vaga no ensino superior.
Antioxidant study of skin creams after expiry date by using HPLC
Authors: Ashadevi S. Dolas , Sulekha R. Gotmare
Published: June 2023

Skin aging is natural physical process, yet the majority of the people would like to look younger for a longer period of time. To give skin, a younger looking appearance, people often undergo many varied skin treatments. Among them, anti-aging creams, are considered as a good option among consumers who want to delay aging. Many anti-aging creams claim that they have the properties needed that help nourish skin and can help prevent or repair fine lines and wrinkles that ultimately gives the user a younger-looking skin appearance. α-tocopherol acetate is a popular antioxidant incorporated in synthetic as well as herbal skin creams. HPLC is an efficient method to find the concentration of α-tocopherol acetate in cosmetic creams. In this paper HPLC method has been used to calculate the concentration of α-tocopherol acetate in expired anti-aging creams; and results were found to be satisfactory.
Herbs in Cosmetics: An Overview
Authors: Garg Anshika
Published: June 2023

Cosmetics are widely used by both men and women for beauty enhancement for ages. Herbal plants have been used in cosmetics manufacturing for centuries because they constitute natural ingredients that are harmless. Cosmetics alone are not capable to manage both beauty enhancement and skin care. Hence, herbs are used because they are able to check skin damage and aging due to the presence of natural constituents. Herbal cosmetics have gained immense popularity among the population because they do not show side effects as shown by synthetic cosmetics. The inclusion of herbal extracts in cosmetics can minimize skin damage due to oxidative stress and thus aging process gets delayed. Herbal products improve various functions of skin by boosting collagen growth and thus eradicating harmful effects of free radicals, maintaining the structure of keratin, and keeping skin healthy. A number of herbal plants are naturally accessible and are used in the preparation of herbal cosmetics. These include gingko, neem, coconut, and many more. Herbal cosmetics for daily purposes include lotion, creams, oils, cleansers, etc. Herbal skin cosmetics have multi functionalities like anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties. The herbal cosmetic industry is rapidly growing with a vast scope of multifold expansion in the future. In this article, we have reviewed various herbal plants used in cosmetics along with the regulatory status and evaluation parameters of herbal cosmetics.
Multipurpose Virtual Assistant Using Machine Learning
Authors: Supriya Jadhav et al.
Published: June 2023

— Virtual assistant is a software agent who will perform a different task or work for personally supported Questions or commands called a Virtual Assistant with the intelligence of a human. In some phenomena, virtual assistants can interpret human speech, and sign language responds via synthesized voices and moves to convert voice to text. Clients can interrogate with their virtual assistants to control home automation devices manage their tasks like email, to-do lists, and media playback, check weather updates interact with help of sign language with verbal command and response. Several research papers regarding multipurpose virtual assistant were reviewed and an appropriate solution to address this problem was concluded. You Only Look Once Natural Language Processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms assist to perform operations with voice and text commands.  By using this approach, the final result is expected to have an accuracy score of over 96%.
EBM Technique Study on Microstructural Characterization of Al-Zr-N Coating
Authors: R. Hariharan et al.
Published: June 2023

Through the implementation of the electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) technique, an aluminium zirconium nitrate (Al-Zr-N) coating has been created in the current work on high speed steel (E19) substrates. Through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nano indentation, and scratch tests, the structural morphological and mechanical properties of the substrate are investigated. The cause of tension relaxation and vacancy concentration is explained by the fluorite phase's lattice constant decreasing with rising deposition temperature. As the temperature of the substrate rises, the coating's increased surface roughness is explained by an increase in crystallite size [1]. TBCs are frequently applied to metal substrates using the Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Electron Beam Physical Vapour Deposition (EB-PVD) methods. For the next generation of turbine engines, the high costs and relatively high thermal conductivities of EB-PVD coatings, as well as the short thermal lifetime of APS coatings, are significant drawbacks. Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) was evaluated in this study to enhance the thermal properties of TBC. The SPS process enables the creation of columnar micro-structures that are easily adjustable in terms of thermal conductivity and columnar structure compaction.
New Vistas on Mersenne numbers
Authors: J. Shanthi, S.Vidhyalakshmi, M. A. Gopalan
Published: June 2023

Mersenne numbers are analyzed for varieties of interesting properties. Various fascinating relations connecting Mersenne numbers with other special number patterns by means of theorems involving the relations are exhibited.