bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Outflow in the Reionization-epoch Quasar J2054-0005 Revealed by OH 119 μm Observations
Authors: Salak Dragan , Hashimoto Takuya , Inoue Akio K. , C. Bakx Tom J. L. , Donevski Darko , Tamura Yoichi , Sugahara Yuma , Kuno Nario , Miyamoto Yusuke , Fujimoto Seiji , Suphapolthaworn Suphakorn
Published: February 2024

Molecular outflows are expected to play a key role in galaxy evolution at high redshift. To study the impact of outflows on star formation at the epoch of reionization, we performed sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of OH 119 μm toward J2054-0005, a luminous quasar at z = 6.04. The OH line is detected and exhibits a P-Cygni profile that can be fitted with a broad blueshifted absorption component, providing unambiguous evidence of an outflow, and an emission component at near-systemic velocity. The mean and terminal outflow velocities are estimated to be v
out ≈ 670 and 1500 km s−1, respectively, making the molecular outflow in this quasar one of the fastest at the epoch of reionization. The OH line is marginally spatially resolved for the first time in a quasar at z > 6, revealing that the outflow extends over the central 2 kpc region. The mass outflow rate is comparable to the star formation rate (

M

̇

out

/

SFR
∼
2

), indicating rapid (∼107 yr) quenching of star formation. The mass outflow rate in a sample of star-forming galaxies and quasars at 4 < z < 6.4 exhibits a positive correlation with the total infrared luminosity, although the scatter is large. Owing to the high outflow velocity, a large fraction (up to ∼50%) of the outflowing molecular gas may be able to escape from the host galaxy into the intergalactic medium.
Low- and High-velocity O vi in Milky Way-like Galaxies: The Role of Stellar Feedback
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhijie 志杰 , Zhang 张 Xiaoxia 小霞 , Li 李 Hui 辉 , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Yu 余 Qingzheng 清正 , Luo 罗 Yang 阳 , Marinacci Federico , Sales Laura V. , Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: February 2024

Milky Way-type galaxies are surrounded by a warm-hot gaseous halo containing a considerable amount of baryons and metals. The kinematics and spatial distribution of highly ionized ion species such as O vi can be significantly affected by supernova (SN) explosions and early (pre-SN) stellar feedback (e.g., stellar winds, radiation pressure). Here we investigate effects of stellar feedback on O vi absorptions in Milky Way−like galaxies by analyzing the suites of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations under the framework of SMUGGLE, a physically motivated subgrid interstellar medium and stellar feedback model for the moving-mesh code Arepo. We find that the fiducial run with the full suite of stellar feedback and moderate star formation activities can reasonably reproduce Galactic O vi absorptions observed by space telescopes such as the Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, including the scale height of low-velocity (∣v
LSR∣ < 100 km s−1) O vi, the column density–line width relation for high-velocity (100 km s−1 ≤ ∣v
LSR∣ < 400 km s−1) O vi, and the cumulative O vi column densities. In contrast, model variations with more intense star formation activities deviate from observations further. Additionally, we find that the run considering only SN feedback is in broad agreement with the observations, whereas in runs without SN feedback this agreement is absent, which indicates a dominant role of SN feedback in heating and accelerating interstellar O vi. This is consistent with the current picture that interstellar O vi is predominantly produced by collisional ionization where mechanical feedback can play a central role. In contrast, photoionization is negligible for O vi production owing to the lack of high-energy (≳114 eV) photons required.
Exploring Primordial Curvature Perturbation on Small Scales with the Lensing Effect of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Zhengxiang , Zhu Zong-Hong
Published: February 2024

Cosmological observations, e.g., cosmic microwave background, have precisely measured the spectrum of primordial curvature perturbation on larger scales, but smaller scales are still poorly constrained. Since primordial black holes (PBHs) could form in the very early Universe through the gravitational collapse of primordial density perturbations, constraints on the PBH could encode much information on primordial fluctuations. In this work, we first derive a simple formula for the lensing effect to apply PBH constraints with the monochromatic mass distribution to an extended mass distribution. Then, we investigate the latest fast radio burst observations with this relationship to constrain two kinds of primordial curvature perturbation models on small scales. This suggests that, from the null search result of lensed fast radio bursts in currently available observations, the amplitude of primordial curvature perturbation should be less than 8 × 10−2 at the scale region of 105–106 Mpc−1. This corresponds to an interesting mass range relating to binary black holes detected by LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA and future Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer.
Detectability of Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Lu Youjun , Chen Yunfeng
Published: February 2024

More than 100 tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been detected at multiple bands, which can be viewed as extreme laboratories to investigate the accretion physics and gravity in the immediate vicinity of massive black holes. Future transient surveys are expected to detect several tens of thousands of TDEs, among which a small fraction may be strongly gravitationally lensed by intervening galaxies. In this paper, we statistically estimate the detection rate of lensed TDEs, with dependence on the limiting magnitude of the transient all-sky surveys searching for them. We find that the requisite limiting magnitude for an all-sky transient survey to observe at least 1 yr−1 is ≳21.3, 21.2, and 21.5 mag in the u, g, and z bands, respectively. If the limiting magnitude of the all-sky survey can reach ∼25–26 mag in the u, g, and z bands, the detection rate can be up to about several tens to hundreds per year. The discovery and identification of the first image of the lensed TDE can be taken as an early warning of the second and other subsequent images, which may enable detailed monitoring of the pre-peak photometry and spectroscopy evolution of the TDE. The additional early-stage information may help to constrain the dynamical and radiation processes involved in the TDEs.
Improving Solar Energetic Particle Event Prediction through Multivariate Time Series Data Augmentation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Pouya , Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Hamdi Shah Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are associated with extreme solar events that can cause major damage to space- and ground-based life and infrastructure. High-intensity SEP events, particularly ∼100 MeV SEP events, can pose severe health risks for astronauts owing to radiation exposure and affect Earth’s orbiting satellites (e.g., Landsat and the International Space Station). A major challenge in the SEP event prediction task is the lack of adequate SEP data because of the rarity of these events. In this work, we aim to improve the prediction of ∼30, ∼60, and ∼100 MeV SEP events by synthetically increasing the number of SEP samples. We explore the use of a univariate and multivariate time series of proton flux data as input to machine-learning-based prediction methods, such as time series forest (TSF). Our study covers solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. Our findings show that using data augmentation methods, such as the synthetic minority oversampling technique, remarkably increases the accuracy and F1-score of the classifiers used in this research, especially for TSF, where the average accuracy increased by 20%, reaching around 90% accuracy in the ∼100 MeV SEP prediction task. We also achieved higher prediction accuracy when using the multivariate time series data of the proton flux. Finally, we build a pipeline framework for our best-performing model, TSF, and provide a comprehensive hierarchical classification of the ∼100, ∼60, and ∼30 MeV and non-SEP prediction scenarios.
Competitive interaction in headwaters: slow upstream migration leads to trophic competition between native and non-native amphipods
Authors: Pelikan Lars , Šidagytė-Copilas Eglė , Garbaras Andrius , Jourdan Jonas , Copilaș-Ciocianu Denis
Published: February 2024

The spread of non-native species is one of the outcomes of global change, threatening many native communities through predation and competition. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly affected by species turnover with non-native species. One species that has been established in Central Europe for many decades – or even a few centuries – is the amphipod crustacean Gammarus roeselii. Although G. roeselii is nowadays widespread in major river systems, there have been recent reports of its spread into smaller streams that are typically inhabited by the native species Gammarus fossarum. Due to their leaf shredding ability, G. fossarum takes up a key position in headwater streams. This raises the important question, to what extent G. roeselii can equivalently take over this function. To answer this question, we collected both species from nine different sites in a mid-mountain river system (Kinzig catchment, Hesse, Germany) and investigated their functional similarity using a combination of stable isotope analysis, gut content and functional morphology. The species hardly differed in morphological characteristics, only females showed differences in some traits. Gut content analysis indicated a broad dietary overlap, while stable isotopes showed a higher trophic position of G. roeselii. The observed functional overlap could intensify interspecific competition and allow the larger and more predaceous G. roeselii to replace G. fossarum in the future as a headwater keystone species. However, the differentiation in the stable isotopes also shows that co-existence can occur by occupying different trophic niches. Moreover, the wide range of inhabited sites and exploited resources demonstrate the omnivorous lifestyle of G. roeselii, which is likely to help the species succeed in rapidly changing environments.
Taxonomic revision of the native Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) species of Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Juliana Cruz Jardim , Caruzo Maria Beatriz Rossi , Simões Ana Rita G. , Samain Marie-Stéphanie
Published: February 2024

The genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) has a wide and disjunct geographic distribution ranging from Eastern and South Asia to Malaysia, extending across the Neartics and reaching into the Neotropics. Regarding its infrageneric classification, the genus is divided into three subgenera: Yulania, Gynopodium and Magnolia, the latter including the section Talauma in which the native Brazilian taxa are classified. The species of Magnolia sect. Talauma can be recognized by two parallel longitudinal scars on the petiole formed by the shedding of the stipules, in addition to a woody syncarp that breaks into irregular plates at dehiscence. Currently, in Brazil, species recognition is not clear on national platforms that are widely used by the Brazilian botanical community (e.g. Flora do Brasil), with only two native Magnolia species being accepted: M. amazonica and M. ovata. The lack of knowledge about the species and their respective characteristics has resulted in many identification errors in Brazilian herbaria, which contributes to the lack of knowledge about their current conservation status. We conducted a complete taxonomic revision based on extensive fieldwork, a herbarium survey, along with literature study. Based on this, we propose to recognize three previously described species, supporting the acceptance of five native Magnolias occurring in Brazil, namely: M. amazonica, M. brasiliensis, M. irwiniana, M. ovata and M. sellowiana. However, we follow the Flora do Brasil in maintaining M. paranaensis as a synonym of M. ovata. Additionally, we designate a lectotype for M. sellowiana. We present morphological descriptions and the geographic distribution for each species, in addition to an identification key to all of these plus the two introduced ornamental species from Asia and North America, illustrations, photographs, ecological data, updated conservation status and taxonomic notes.
Template for a Hypothesis Description paper
Authors: Heger Tina , Mietchen Daniel , Jeschke Jonathan M.
Published: February 2024

Hypothesis Descriptions are a type of manuscript dedicated to the formal description of a hypothesis, as introduced in an accompanying editorial and an examplary Hypothesis Description for the Enemy Release Hypothesis that is used in invasion biology. This questionnaire provides a template for such a Hypothesis Description manuscript. The template's format was designed for simplicity to facilitate adoption, and it can be easily extended to capture additional information, e.g. instructions for falsification or generalization, taxonomic or geographic scope, etymology, or relevant information in other research fields or other languages. The template reflects the recommended structure for a Hypothesis Description manuscript in that each of its sections provides the title for a section in a Hypothesis Description manuscript and indicates whether that section is mandatory or optional. Four sections - Keywords (mandatory), Conflicts of interest (optional), Acknowledgments (optional) and References (mandatory) - are in this template filled in for the template itself but should otherwise be adjusted for the hypothesis at hand. Comments to guide authors who work on a Hypothesis Description manuscript are provided as well.
Scleritis and Development of Immune-Mediated Disease: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Morrison Tessalyn , Gottman Moriah , Do Toan , Rosenbaum James T. , Ghetie Daniela , Friedman Marcia
Published: February 2024

Objective

Scleritis may be idiopathic or caused by trauma, infections, or an immune-mediated disease (IMD). Our study aimed to understand the relationship between scleritis and IMD, including presenting characteristics, serologies, and treatment course. Understanding these associations may allow clinicians to risk-stratify patients and predict their clinical and treatment course.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 341 patients with scleritis seen at a tertiary care center between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020. Demographics, scleritis characteristics, treatment response, recurrence, and serologic data were compared among patients with idiopathic and IMD-associated scleritis.

Results

Among patients with scleritis seen, 145 patients (43%) had an associated IMD, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 39%), vasculitis (21%), or inflammatory bowel disease (14%). In most cases, the IMD diagnosis predated the scleritis presentation (63%), though vasculitis cases were more likely to develop during or after scleritis episodes. There were no significant differences in demographics or treatment failures among patients with scleritis with and without associated IMDs. Patients with IMDs were more likely to have a recurrence of scleritis (62% vs 49%,P= 0.02).

Conclusion

At our ophthalmology center, 43% of patients with scleritis had an associated IMD, and most patients with an IMD were symptomatic from this disease prior to scleritis presentation. RA was the most commonly associated condition and typically predated the scleritis, whereas vasculitis was more likely diagnosed during or after the scleritis episode. Scleritis among patients with IMD is more likely to recur compared to scleritis that is idiopathic.
Model for end-stage liver disease-3.0 vs. model for end-stage liver disease-sodium: mortality prediction in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeong Han , Cho Yong Joon , Choe Won Hyeok , Kwon So Young , Yoo Byung-Chul
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) serves as an indicator for short-term mortality among patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis (LC) and is used to prioritize patients for liver transplantation. In 2021, the updated version of MELD, MELD-3.0, was introduced to improve the accuracy of the mortality prediction of MELD. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of MELD 3.0 and MELD-Na in predicting mortality among Korean patients with LC.Methods: A retrospective review was conducted using the medical records of patients diagnosed with LC who were admitted to Konkuk University Hospital From 2011 to 2021. The study calculated the predictive values of MELD-Na and MELD-3.0 for 3- and 6-months mortality using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and compared the results using the DeLong test.Results: Of the 3,034 patients enrolled in the study, 339 (11.2%) died within 3 months and 421 (14.4%) died within 6 months. The AUROCs values for predicting 3 months mortality were 0.846 for MELD-Na and 0.851 for MELD-3.0. The corresponding AUROC values for predicting 6 months mortality were 0.843 for MELD-Na and 0.848 for MELD-3.0. MELD-3.0 exhibited better discrimination ability than MELD-Na for both 3 (p = 0.03) and 6 months mortality (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Our study found a significant difference between the performance of MELD-3.0 and MELD-Na in Korean patients with LC.
La Yoga Thérapie dans la prise en charge du syndrome de Stress Post Traumatique (SSPT)
Authors: Moalla Mounia
Published: February 2024

Le Syndrome du stress post traumatique (SSPT) est un trouble psychologique dont la prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter dans le monde en raison des guerres et conflits armés, des catastrophes naturelles, ou encore des violences conjugales et intrafamiliales. La prise en charge de ce trouble est complexe. Elle repose sur la psychothérapie, la prise de médicaments, ainsi qu’un ensemble de techniques et thérapies qui permettent une diminution du stress chronique, une reconnexion au corps, et une réconciliation avec le passé. Le Yoga, discipline millénaire dont le but est de renforcer la connexion corps/mental est une option thérapeutique non médicamenteuse reconnue aujourd’hui par l’association américaine de psychiatrie. A travers des techniques physiques (postures), mentales (méditation), et respiratoire, le Yoga permet de rester dans le moment présent, de prendre conscience sans jugement de ses émotions ainsi que de son corps, et de se réconcilier avec celui-ci. Il permet également de rééquilibrer le système nerveux autonome en freinant la domination du système sympathique qui est responsable des symptômes. Le domaine d’application de la yogathérapie dans la prise en charge du stress post traumatique est aujourd’hui large et concerne aussi bien les anciens combattants, que les réfugiés, et les victimes de violences conjugales ou intrafamiliales.
Les fondements psychologiques de l’hypnose ericksonienne
Authors: Champagne Cyrille
Published: February 2024

La pratique de l’hypnose ericksonienne est aujourd’hui acceptée par le public comme une technique de mieux-être fonctionnelle. Mais la compréhension de ses ressorts, de ses fonctionnements et de ses domaines d’application souffre d’un manque d’explicitation. Comprise comme une simple variante de techniques d’hypnotisme, sa singularité en tant que méthode d’accompagnement psychologique reste souvent opaque. Par conséquent, il est difficile de positionner l’hypnose ericksonienne au sein du panorama des pratiques thérapeutiques et des pratiques de mieux-être. Cette lacune dessert tant le public que les professionnels de l’accompagnement et de la thérapie. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’expliciter les mécanismes mobilisés et ciblés par l’hypnose ericksonienne, et les théories psychologiques qui la sous-tendent. Nous y résumons les connaissances académiques actuelles sur l’hypnose et l’hypnotisme. Nous y indiquons les fondements psychologiques implicites de la méthode ericksonienne, où psychodynamique, conditionnement et dissociationnisme s’articulent dans une perspective constructiviste de l’humain et de l’accompagnement. Nous recensons les principales fonctions auxquelles elle s’adresse, et qui justifient sa spécificité en tant que méthode. Enfin, nous indiquons quelques avancées académiques ultérieures à M. Erickson, notamment en sciences cognitives et en psychotraumatologie, qui soutiennent la pertinence de l’hypnose ericksonienne et son inscription dans les tendances actuelles de l’accompagnement.
Changement de connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale après une session de réflexologie plantaire lors d’un essai contrôlé randomisé
Authors: Boussac Mathilde , Descamps Emeline
Published: February 2024

Dans l’objectif de comprendre les effets spécifiques et les mécanismes sous-jacents à la réflexologie plantaire, la connectivité fonctionnelle de repos de différents réseaux cérébraux ainsi que différentes mesures électro-physiologiques et de bien-être ont été étudiées. Pour cela une séance brève de réflexologie plantaire a été réalisée dans une population de volontaires sains, en comparaison d’une séance de massage fictif (contrôle). A la suite des deux interventions, cette étude a montré un changement de connectivité fonctionnelle au niveau des réseaux par défaut, sensorimoteur et d’un réseau lié à la douleur nouvellement proposé, indépendamment du groupe. Une amélioration de différents paramètres biologiques et du bien-être subjectif des sujets a aussi été mise en évidence après la réflexologie plantaire comme le massage, ce qui tend à mettre en avant un effet de prise en charge globale des interventions non-médicamenteuses. Ces résultats sont prometteurs en vue de prochaines études sur des populations de patients.
Qu’est-ce qu’une thérapeutique ? Analyse conceptuelle de la notion de placebo, d’effet placebo, d’effet spécifique et de thérapeutique
Authors: Boussageon Rémy , Gueyffier François , Moreau Alain , Serrau Virgile , Ferchakhi Widiane
Published: February 2024

Les concepts de thérapeutique, de placebo, d’effet placebo sont polysémiques et source de confusion. Nous proposons un éclairage et tentons de définir au mieux ces concepts. Cela fait apparaître le rôle crucial de l’évaluation de l’effet causal des traitements par l’essai clinique randomisé contre placebo en triple insu et en intention de traiter (contrôlant le risque de faux positif), qui est la seule étude permettant de s’assurer de la causalité et de la spécificité, et ainsi de définir ce qu’est une thérapeutique. Au final, que ce soit avec un véritable médicament (démontré efficace) ou avec un placebo, c’est bien l’organisme/la personne (vivante) qui réagit à sa prise. Dans le cas du médicament, cette réaction est à la fois liée à la molécule pharmacologique et au « signal » que constitue cette prise de médicament ; signal qui a du sens pour la personne dans un contexte culturel donné. Cette clarification permet de réintégrer dans la médecine soignante les traitements et les facteurs de guérison qui sont habituellement mal pris en compte, car ils ne seraient efficaces que par leur « effet placebo ». D’un point de vue pragmatique, ces thérapeutiques ou facteurs d’autoguérison sont utiles au soin, même si leur efficacité est liée à un effet placebo optimisé. Il s’agit donc de les étudier pour eux-mêmes.
Les déçus d’un métier-passion
Authors: Charon Jean-Marie , Degand Amandine
Published: February 2024

L’exercice du journalisme se révèle lourd de désillusions pour les nouveaux entrants dans la profession. Les fragilités du métier suscitent des renoncements, mais aussi des stratégies de survie.
« Course démente à la polyvalence »
Authors: Bocconi Tanguy , Chartier-Delègue Olivier , Hervieu-Léger Benoît
Published: February 2024

La multifonctionnalité exigée des journalistes pèse sur les conditions d’exercice du métier. Le constat est sévère, y compris dans les rangs du service public. Deux journalistes locaux, télé et radio, témoignent.
« Informer est devenu plus compliqué »
Authors: Antheaume Alice , Hervieu-Léger Benoît , Fouilland Brigitte
Published: February 2024

Entre violences et défiance, l’ère connectée pose aux journalistes de nouvelles difficultés. Comment les écoles de journalisme s’adaptent-elles aux évolutions du métier ? Entretien avec Alice Antheaume, directrice de l’École de journalisme de Sciences Po Paris.
Les journalistes perdent la maîtrise
Authors: Lagneau Éric
Published: February 2024

Mutualisation de moyens, division des tâches, nouveaux formats… Les rédactions connaissent aujourd’hui des reconfigurations qui affectent la maîtrise de l’information par ceux qui la produisent.
Lexique d’une novlangue
Authors: Marchand Véronique , Lacroix Claire
Published: February 2024

Les évolutions du monde des médias se lisent dans une série de mots nouveaux. Une novlangue qui, en mêlant anglicismes, langage informatique et vocabulaire RH, redessine le métier de journaliste. Petit florilège lexical.
La régulation reste humaine
Authors: Dierickx Laurence
Published: February 2024

L’intelligence artificielle nourrit craintes et espoirs en matière de fiabilité de l’information et d’évolutions du métier de journaliste. En réalité, l’enjeu tient au bon usage de l’outillage.
Journaliste. Un métier à reconquérir
Authors: Finez Ludovic
Published: February 2024

Toujours attirant, le métier de journaliste souffre de conditions d’exercice toujours plus difficiles (rythme, surcharge de travail, pressions de l’actionnaire). Ce contexte ne menace pas seulement une profession, mais ce pilier de la démocratie que représente l’information. Un réel pluralisme et de nouveaux droits restent à conquérir. Retour sur cinq points forts du dossier.
À quel indice se vouer ?
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: February 2024

L’indice d’inflation a de longue date donné lieu à débat, mettant en concurrence les calculs du gouvernement, des syndicats, d’associations et même de médias. L’épisode inflationniste actuel couplé à un avenir économique incertain rendent la question d’autant plus prégnante : qui décide de ce qui compte ?
Comment contrer « Big Food » ?
Authors: Alahyane Said
Published: February 2024

Enjeu clé du siècle, la démocratie alimentaire s’incarne dans une diversité de stratégies pour une alimentation saine, juste et abordable. Si le concept dessine un horizon politique, il fait aussi face à un marché agroalimentaire puissant, qui entend réduire le citoyen à un consommateur.
L’Église, la guerre et l’État
Authors: Vesco Marie
Published: February 2024

Dans son ouvrage La Sainte Russie contre l’Occident , la politiste Kathy Rousselet décrypte les relations entre l’État russe et l’Église orthodoxe. Si les institutions s’opposent parfois, elles s’accordent sur l’alimentation d’un sentiment anti-occidental, justifiant notamment l’attaque en Ukraine.
Militant cherche posture
Authors: Fontenaille Raphaëlle
Published: February 2024

La cause féministe rallie de plus en plus d’hommes dans les pays occidentaux. Pourtant, un décalage entre leurs intentions et les effets de leur présence dans les luttes se fait jour. Le politiste Dupuis-Déri analyse leurs postures et débusque quelques chausse-trappes.
L’OTAN, l’élargissement et le problème russe : la quadrature du cercle ?
Authors: Marineau Sophie , Marineau Sophie , Schulz Matthias , Schulz Matthias
Published: February 2024

Contrairement aux messages du Kremlin, les élargissements de l’OTAN depuis les années 1990 n’étaient pas imposés par l’OTAN à une URSS/Russie impuissante, mais bien le résultat de plusieurs «  do ut des  » (dons, contre-dons) négociés entre 1990 et 1997. La seule promesse donnée en 1990 par rapport à l’OTAN fut celle donnée par les deux États allemands de ne pas stationner des troupes de l’OTAN dans la partie orientale de l’Allemagne unifiée, en temps de paix, pour rassurer les États voisins. Puis l’URSS a reconnu, dans la Charte de Paris adoptée fin 1990, le droit de chaque État de choisir librement ses alliances. En retour, les États-Unis et le Royaume-Uni concédèrent, ainsi que le Kazakhstan, Biélorussie et l’Ukraine, que la Russie obtienne le monopole des armes nucléaires en Europe de l’Est. Malgré le nouveau dilemme de sécurité ressenti par les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale et à la première guerre de Tchétchénie, les pays de l’OTAN choisissent de conclure d’abord un partenariat spécial avec Moscou pour éviter son isolement, avant de procéder à un élargissement largement symbolique et inoffensif, selon les termes agréés au préalable avec le gouvernement russe et exportant de la sécurité. La thèse poutinienne (et de John Mearsheimer) d’une OTAN expansionniste et responsable des guerres russo-ukrainiennes ne tient pas face aux documents.
La Hongrie et l’Alliance atlantique : contextes et logiques d’adhésion
Authors: Békés Csaba , Békés Csaba , D. Kecskés Gusztáv , D. Kecskés Gusztáv
Published: February 2024

L’intégration euro-atlantique était un objectif clé de la politique étrangère hongroise après le changement de régime en 1989-1990, étroitement lié à la modernisation du pays. L’article présente les conditions internationales du processus d’adhésion qui a duré environ 9 ans, les aspirations des dirigeants hongrois, la dynamique des interactions de l’OTAN et de ses pays membres avec la Hongrie, ainsi que les circonstances, les principales étapes et l’efficacité de la préparation de la Hongrie. L’étude examine le sujet pour la première fois à partir de sources d’archives, de documents diplomatiques hongrois et français, ainsi que d’entretiens avec d’anciens diplomates hongrois et français et des chefs militaires hongrois.
La transformation nucléaire de l’OTAN à la fin de la guerre froide
Authors: Nuti Leopoldo , Nuti Leopoldo
Published: February 2024

L’article examine le processus d’adaptation stratégique qu’a connu l’OTAN à la fin de la guerre froide, entre 1989 et 1992, lorsque sa posture nucléaire a été radicalement modifiée. Il conclut que l’OTAN a fait preuve d’une remarquable capacité d’adaptation et, dans une certaine mesure, a réagi de manière créative à la transformation la plus significative de l’ordre nucléaire mondial depuis la création de l’Alliance. Toutefois, dans le même temps, l’évolution stratégique de l’Alliance tout au long de cette période a montré les limites de l’OTAN ainsi que sa flexibilité, révélant l’importance persistante de la dissuasion nucléaire dans un scénario stratégique en évolution rapide.
Pivotal-based inference for a Pareto distribution under the adaptive progressive Type-II censoring scheme
Authors: Jeon Young Eun , Kang Suk-Bok , Seo Jung-In
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes an inference approach based on a pivotal quantity under the adaptive progressive Type-II censoring scheme. To exemplify the proposed methodology, an extensively employed distribution, a Pareto distribution, is utilized. This distribution has limitations in estimating confidence intervals for unknown parameters from classical methods such as the maximum likelihood and bootstrap methods. For example, in the maximum likelihood method, the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix does not always exist. In addition, both classical methods can yield confidence intervals that do not satisfy nominal levels when a sample size is not large enough. Our approach resolves these limitations by allowing us to construct exact intervals for unknown parameters with computational simplicity. Aside from this, the proposed approach leads to closed-form estimators with properties such as unbiasedness and consistency. To verify the validity of the proposed methodology, two approaches, a Monte Carlo simulation and a real-world data analysis, are conducted. The simulation testifies to the superior performance of the proposed methodology as compared to the maximum likelihood method, and the real-world data analysis examines the applicability and scalability of the proposed methodology.
Dynamic wave solutions for (2+1)-dimensional DJKM equation in plasma physics
Authors: Gaber Ahmed A. , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we attempt to obtain exact and novel solutions for Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation (DJKM) via two different techniques: Lie symmetry analysis and generalized Kudryashov method (GKM). This equation has applications in plasma physics, fluid mechanics, and other fields. The Lie symmetry method is applied to reduce the governing equation to five different ordinary differential equations (ODEs). GKM is used to obtain general and various periodic solutions. These solutions have different behaviors such as kink wave, anti-kink wave, double soliton, and single wave solution. The physical behavior of the solutions was reviewed through 2-D and 3-D graphs.
Convergence ball of a new fourth-order method for finding a zero of the derivative
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Ruan Dongdong
Published: February 2024

There are numerous applications for finding zero of derivatives in function optimization. In this paper, a two-step fourth-order method was presented for finding a zero of the derivative. In the research process of iterative methods, determining the ball of convergence was one of the important issues. This paper discussed the radii of the convergence ball, uniqueness of the solution, and the measurable error distances. In particular, in contrast to Wang's method under hypotheses up to the fourth derivative, the local convergence of the new method was only analyzed under hypotheses up to the second derivative, and the convergence order of the new method was increased to four. Furthermore, different radii of the convergence ball was determined according to different weaker hypotheses. Finally, the convergence criteria was verified by three numerical examples and the new method was compared with Wang's method and the same order method by numerical experiments. The experimental results showed that the convergence order of the new method is four and the new method has higher accuracy at the same cost, so the new method is finer.
Use of Biomarkers to Objectively Evaluate Pain in Critically Ill Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tamvaki Eleni , Giannakopoulou Margarita , Bozas Evangelos , Zachpoulou Danai
Published: February 2024

Background

Many studies have been conducted recently to identify biomarkers that could potentially be used to objectively evaluate pain.

Objective

To synthesize and critically analyze primary studies of endogenous biomarkers and their associations with pain to identify suitable biomarkers for the objective evaluation of pain in critically ill children.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases were searched; searches were restricted by publication date, language, species, and participant age. Critical appraisal tools and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist were used to evaluate quality of evidence.

Results

All included articles were coded according to methods and findings. Saliva, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and gingival crevicular fluid were used to detect biomarkers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used in most studies (64%). Appropriate statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of P < .05 in included studies. Cytokines, peptides, and hormones were associated with pain, stress, and inflammatory response, suggesting that they can be used to screen for pain in children during painful conditions. Only 1 study in neonates did not show any correlation between saliva biomarkers and pain.

Conclusion

According to this literature review, various biomarkers that are easily obtained and measured in a clinical setting are associated with pain in children. Further investigation of these biomarkers through observational studies is suggested to evaluate their suitability for pain assessment in critically ill children.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Plumbago zeylanica Roots in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zia Ghazala , Gupta Tinku , Garg Vandana , Chauhan Mahima , Dutt Rohit
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The concurrent usage of oral hypoglycemic agents produces side effects, and the herbal medicine Plumbago zeylanica L. (PZ) is being studied to reduce these effects. The antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of PZ roots on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats were investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Triple maceration method was used for the development of PZ extracts. Standardization of the plant extract and in vitro study was carried out by the physicochemical study, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, and α-amylase methods. Animals were divided into seven groups, and the experiment was designed into two parts. Seven groups were taken normal control, diabetic control, hydroalcoholic extract of PZ at different doses (100–200 mg/kg), and metformin (MET, 25 mg/kg) for 21 days. The coadministration of a low dose of PZ (100 mg/kg) and MET (100 mg/kg) was administered orally. Blood glucose level (BGL) was measured continuously for 3 weeks of overnight-fasted animals. Biochemical estimation was assessed by total protein, catalase, nitric oxide, and reduced glutathione content. Histological features of the β-cells were observed through histopathological study.

Results:

Hydroalcoholic PZ (HAPZ) showed the highest antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, respectively. Oral administration of HAPZ extract (200 mg/ml) for 21 days diminished the BGL significantly from 298 ± 7.05 to 230 ± 5.69 mg/dL, whereas coadministration of HAPZ (100 mg/kg) with MET (10 mg/kg) also reduced BGL from 286 ± 4.10 to 231 ± 5.75 mg/dL. The best outcomes were obtained when PZ extract (100 mg/kg) was combined with a low dose of MET (10 mg/kg).

Conclusions:

We can conclude that PZ might be the alternative to synthetic medicines for the management of diabetic disorders.
Investigating the Mechanism of Qu Du Qiang Fei 1 Hao Fang Formula against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Based on Network Pharmacology Method
Authors: Wang Yuan-Hua , Zhou He-Yang , Ma Jin-Yun , Ding Gui-Qing , Yu Hua , Jin Yong-Sheng , Cheng Xiao-Dong
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Qu Du Qiang Fei 1 Hao Fang (QDQF1) is a novel Chinese herbal medicine formula used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of action of QDQF1 remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the effective ingredients and biological targets of QDQF1 for COVID-19 treatment.

Materials and Methods:

The effective ingredients and mechanisms of action of QDQF1 were analyzed by using network pharmacology methods, which included an analysis of the effective ingredients and corresponding targets, COVID-19-related target acquisition, compound-target network analyses, protein-protein interaction network analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses, and molecular docking studies.

Results:

In total, 288 effective QDQF1 ingredients were identified. We identified 51 core targets from the 148 targets through an overlap between putative QDQF1 targets and COVID-19-related targets. Six key components, including formononetin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, and wogonin were identified through component-target network analyses. GO functional enrichment analysis of the core targets revealed 1296 items, while KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 148 signaling pathways. Nine central targets (CCL2, CXCL8, IL1B, IL6, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, STAT3, and TNF) related to the COVID-19 pathway were identified in the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis suggested that the docking scores of the six key components to the nine central targets were better than those to remdesivir.

Conclusions:

QDQF1 may regulate multiple immune-and inflammation-related targets to inhibit the progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and thus, may be suitable for the treatment of COVID-19.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Atria Score Systems in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Özdemir Emre , Ekinci Ayşen S. , Emren Sadık V. , Balaban Simge , Tiryaki Muhammet M. , Karaca Mustafa , Tiryaki Enise N. Özlem , Nazlı Cem
Published: February 2024

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the main arrhythmia associated with thromboembolic complications and cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment and different scoring systems developed for AF to improve the medical follow-up of cognitive impairment.

Methods:

Between January 2019 and December 2020, 124 patients between the age of 30 and 80 years, diagnosed with AF for at least 5 years and complaining about memory impairment during cardiological follow-up, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their cognitive status as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination group 1 consisted of 52 patients with cognitive impairment and group 2 comprised 72 patients without cognitive impairment.

Results:

The ATRIA bleeding score had a positive moderate correlation (r = 0.454, P < 0.001), the ATRIA stroke score had a strong correlation (r = 0.738, P < 0.001), and the SAMe-TT2R2 score had a strong correlation (r = 0.688, P < 0.001) with cognitive impairment. However, CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores were not statistically correlated with cognitive impairment. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ATRIA bleeding score was 0.761 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.678–0.844 and P < 0.001; also, for the ATRIA stroke score, AUC was 0.930 with a 95% CI of 0.886–0.974 and P < 0.001. In addition, for the SAMe-TT2R2 score, AUC was 0.895 with a 95% CI of 0.838–0.952 and P < 0.001. In the pairwise comparison of AUC on ROC curves, the ATRIA stroke score and the SAMe-TT2R2 score were statistically similar (P = 0.324). ATRIA bleeding, ATRIA stroke, and SAMe-TT2R2 scores were greater than CHADS2 stroke score (P: 0.0004, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively), but CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 stroke scores were statistically similar (P: 0.402).

Conclusion:

Both ATRIA stroke and SAMe-TT2R2 scoring systems can provide a better correlation than CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores in patients with AF to evaluate their cognitive status. These two scores can be more useful to monitor the patients with AF for medical follow-up of cognitive status.
Simultaneous square wave voltammetric determination of two anti-inflammatory drugs using a bare carbon paste electrode
Authors: El-Attar Rehab O. , Fathi Ahlam M. , Habib Ibrahim H.I.
Published: February 2024

Background

Diclofenac (DIC) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is more potent than indomethacin. There is an extended-release form of this drug available for long-term treatment.

Diflunisal (DIF) is a NSAID with less anticoagulant activity than aspirin. It is more potent than aspirin and is not converted to salicylic acid in vivo.

Objectives

A simple, direct, and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of two types of NSAIDs, namely, diclofenac ‘DIC’ and diflunisal ‘DIF’ by square wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry and applied at the same time in synthetic and pharmaceutical samples.

Materials and methods

In this method, both cited ingredients were oxidized by a bare carbon paste electrode (CPE) forming two well-separated peaks at the potential of 0.65 and 0.85 V, respectively, in 0.04 M universal buffer solution at pH 5 with 100 mV/s scan rate by square wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry technique with an Autolab system of potentiostat/galvanostat.

Results and conclusion

The prepared sensor showed good linear regression curves over the concentration ranges of 1–6 and 5–25 μg/ml for DIC and DIF, respectively, while the detection limit ‘LOD’ and quantification limit ‘LOQ’ and were 0.204 and 0.68 μg/ml for DIC and 1.366 and 4.553 μg/ml for DIF, in turn. The cited sensor was applied with accurate and precise results for determining DIC and DIF at the same time in synthetic and pharmaceutical samples and gave close results in comparison with the official method, specifically by UV-high performance liquid chromatography.
Ferulic acid attenuated diethylnitrosamine-provoked hepato-renal damage and malfunction by suppressing oxidative stress, abating inflammation and upregulating nuclear factor erythroid related factor-2 signaling
Authors: Sawie Hussein G. , Ahmed Osama M. , Shabana Marwa E. , Elqattan Ghada M. , EL-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Abou- Seif Howida S.
Published: February 2024

Background

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a potent environmental toxin that can reach humans through the food chain. It induces proliferative, degenerative and cancerous lesions in the liver and kidneys.

Objective

The principal goal of the existing research was to assess the preventive impacts of ferulic acid (FA) versus DEN- provoked hepato-renal damage and malfunction.

Materials and methods

Adult male rats were divided into four groups: group 1 (normal control) animals orally received saline every day for 14 weeks; group 2 (DEN) animals intraperitoneally received DEN (150 mg/kg twice a week) for 2 weeks; group 3 (DEN + FA) animals were injected intraperitoneally twice a week with DEN for 2 weeks besides to oral administration of FA (100 mg/kg/day) for 14 weeks; group 4 (FA) animals were given a similar dose of FA for a similar period.

Results

The results revealed that FA treatment reversed the DEN-mediated elevation in serum values of the liver enzymes activities as well as urea and creatinine levels; it also augmented the hepato-renal antioxidant system that overcame DEN-induced oxidative stress deteriorations. Moreover, FA markedly reduced the DEN-induced elevated hepato-renal levels of immuno-inflammatory markers (IL-1β and TNF-α) as well as downregulated the inflammatory mediators (Bcl-2, NF-κB, and nuclear factor erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf-2)), reflecting its protective potential.

Conclusion

The existing results elucidate that ferulic acid could prevent and ameliorate DEN-induced hepato-renal toxicological changes and can restore livers and kidneys’ functions; this effect could be mechanized through activation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant systems, as well as regulation of NF-κB, Bcl2, and nuclear factor erythroid related factor-2 expression.
Myositis ossificans of lumbar paraspinal muscles masquerading as soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Kommu Venkateswara Rao , Kodandapani Suseela , Challa Sudamram , Mandava Anitha
Published: February 2024

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign heterotopic bone formation within the muscle or soft tissue that is predominantly initiated by trauma. The diagnostic challenge is to discriminate it from bone and soft tissue malignancies. Clinical and pathological appearances of MO are variable depending on the time march on after heterotopic bone formation. The most common locations are muscles of the thigh and arm but very rarely involve the lumbar paraspinal muscles. A wide variety of theories exist in the literature regarding the etiology of MO but minor or major trauma can be found in every case. In our case, there is no history of trauma present.
Comparison and Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Milled, 3D-Printed, and Conventional Polymethyl Methacrylate: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Adsare Prashanti , Patil Amit , Raj Pooja , Puranik Shivakumar , Menga Rajesh , Rajendra Koineni
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Dentures aim to replicate natural dentition’s esthetics and functions as much as possible. With computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, dentistry had a new renaissance with workflow and materials.

Aim:

The aim is to compare the fracture toughness of the milled, 3D-printed, and conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to those processed conventionally.

Materials and Methods:

10 CAD MILLED PMMA BLOCKS, 10 3D PRINTED PMMA BLOCKS, and 10 CONVENTIONAL (HEAT CURE) PMMA BLOCKS.

Results:

A significant difference was seen in the mean flexural module when compared among three study groups as P < 0.05. It was found to be maximum in CAD/CAM PMMA, followed by conventional heat cure and 3D-printed PMMA.

Conclusion:

Formlabs and Dentca (3D-printed) were significantly weaker in fracture toughness compared to Leucitone 199 (conventional) (P < 0.05). Leucitone 199 (conventional) was significantly weaker in fracture toughness compared to Avadent (CAD CAM) (P < 0.05).