bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delphi Study on Human Rights Education Framework for Families
Authors: Choi Saeeun , Joo Hyunjung , Lee Gisun
Published: August 2020

This study clarifies the definition of and to provides guidelines on educational objectives, core concepts, and content in developing a Human Rights Education Program for families. The Delphi survey method was used to develop a Human Rights Education Program for families. As a result, a Human Rights Education Program for families was defined as education that would ensure all members of the family enjoy universal human rights without discrimination. In addition, that the prejudice and discrimination against socially marginalized would not be created within the family by learning values and attitudes that respects human rights and freedom. The objectives were to learn the merit of respecting individuals, relationships, and community. Core concepts of the program were the rights for myself and others, communicating and responsibilities and a sense of citizenship. Content included human rights, respect of oneself and others, empathetic understanding, acceptance, communication in an intimate relationship, conflict management, sharing the role of caring the family, no discrimination against the socially marginalized, and creating an inclusive community culture. This study can be used as a guideline for family human rights education based on family human rights, which is the core of family democracy.
Trajectories of the Marital Satisfaction among Middle and Old Aged Couples Using Parallel Latent Growth Model: Actor and Partner Effects
Authors: Cho Kyuyoung , Lee Seolah
Published: August 2020

This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction among middle and old aged couples for 8 years. This study focused on middle and old aged couples who were relatively uninterested in family research. Using the 1-5 Waves of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) 2006-2014, the study included 635 middle and old aged couples whose husbands were 65-74 years old at baseline. First, a latent growth model indicated that a husband’s and wife’s marital satisfaction trajectories decreased over time. Second, a parallel latent growth model indicated that a husband’s marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (husband’s actor-effect); in addition, a wife’s marital satisfaction trajectories also decreased more quickly, when the initial level of their own marital satisfaction was higher (wife’s actor-effect). Wife’s marital satisfaction trajectories decreased more slowly, when the initial level of their husband’s marital satisfaction was higher (husband’s partner-effect); however, the husband’s slope was not associated with the initial level of their wife’s. The methodological value of this work shows the application of a parallel latent growth model that includes the actor and partner effect of APIM. The findings extend our understanding of longitudinal marital dynamics between couples and promote a study on the trajectories of marital satisfaction at stages of the family life cycle.
A Study on Current State in Stitches and Seams Usage for Building Smart Sewing Systems: Focused on Sewing Specification of Cut and Sewn Knit
Authors: Lee Suyeon , Ha Hee Jung
Published: August 2020

This study suggests the use of standardized sewing terms for the construction of smart sewing systems. This study analyzed the use of stitches (ISO 4915) and seams (ISO 4916) for cut and sewn knit garment which are the basic elements of sewing on an ISO basis. The results of the analysis of sewing specifications of cut and sewn knit garments are as follows. First, the use of stitches and seams were analyzed. As a result, both stitches and seams were used as non-standard terms. Second, among 3,263 stitches, ISO 4915 No. 406 followed by 401, 504, 605 were the most frequently used; however, ISO 4915 No. 514 was anticipated the most because the ISO 4915 No. 514 used for joining was not recorded in the sewing specification. Finally, the use of stitch for each seam was analyzed. The most common stitch used for ISO 4916 No. 6.02.07 was ISO 4915 No. 406. In addition, when it was sewing ISO 4916 No. 4.04.01, ISO 4915 No. 504 was used in step 1, and ISO 4915 No. 406, 602, and 605 were used in step 2. It is important to use the international standard sewing terms for the production site based on the results. In addition, the construction of smart sewing systems and the work of international standardization through industryuniversity cooperation are important for securing global competitiveness. Therefore, the use of international standard terminology and practical training should be conducted with a focus on stitching and seams with high frequency of use.
Development and Validation of Parent-child Lexical Interaction Scale for Preschoolers (PLIS-P)
Authors: Jung Suji , Choi Naya
Published: August 2020

This study developed and validated a ‘Parent-child Lexical Interaction Scale for Preschoolers (PLIS-P)’. First, we developed the preliminary scale with 7 factors after reviewing previous literature related to vocabulary and literacy instruction for young children and reflected on feedback from child studies experts and mothers with young children. Subsequently, to validate the scale, the online survey was conducted on mothers with 5-to 6-year-old children who live in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla, Gangwon, and Jeju. Responses from 309 mothers were used to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis. The results were as follows. First, the result of exploratory analysis showed that the model with 7 factors was satisfactory: (1) vocabulary exposure, (2) word elaboration, (3) scaffolding, (4) play activity, (5) conventional instruction, (6) word type awareness instruction, (7) word morphology instruction. Second, confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the model. Third, the concurrent validity was confirmed by correlation analysis using EC-HOME. Last, the internal consistency reliability of each factor of PLIS-P was also confirmed. This study developed both a theoretical framework of parent-child lexical interaction and a Parent-child Lexical Interaction Scale for Preschoolers. This scale can be used by parents, practitioners, and researchers to acquire knowledge about interaction related to words between Korean parents and young children.
Teologia das religiões: por que não o pluralismo?
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Villa-Forte de
Published: August 2020

Esse artigo aborda a capacidade do homem em sua avaliação religiosa sobre a salvação. Registra que o entendimento constante na expressão fora da Igreja não existe salvação está muito presente na atualidade. Aborda a visão pluralista de forma não exaustiva, de forma a perceber o seu potencial inclusivista, de acolhimento. Expõe a disciplina da teologia da religiões, apresentando a sua proposta. O leitor é desafiado a pensar no que pode se obter com essa nova forma de abordagem das relações entre as religiões.
Educare alla vita buona del vangelo negli ambiti della vita sociale. La scuola: laboratorio di cultura e di umanitá
Authors: Matiello Suzana Terezinha
Published: August 2020

Nella prima parte del lavoro troveranno spazio alcune riflessioni suggerite dallo studio del documento della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Educare alla vita buona del vangelo. Nella seconda parte si osserverà come la Regola d’oro costituisca una valida opportunità educativa per una civiltà della fraternità e del rispetto reciproco. Si noterà anche secondo il docomento della Commissione Teologica Internazionale, alla ricerca di un’ética universale: nuovo sguardo sulla legge naturale, come uomini di diverse culture e religioni “hanno progressivamente elaborato e sviluppato tradizioni di sapienza nelle quali esprimono e trasmettono la loro visione del mondo, come pure la loro percezione riflessa del posto che l’essere umano occupa nella società e nel cosmo”, Infine nella terza parte verrà riportata un’esperienza di lavoro a livello scolastico condotta con spirito evangelico cercando di mettere in pratica proprio la regola d’oro - la scuola, vero laboratorio di cultura e di umanità.
O diálogo inter-religioso e a questão eco-humana: uma aproximação entre a Laudato si’ do papa Francisco e a proposta de Paul F. Knitter
Authors: Ferraz Chrystiano Gomes
Published: August 2020

Na carta encíclica Laudato si’, do papa Francisco, todos que habitam essa casa comum fomos convidados a desenvolver uma nova e necessária solidariedade universal, para então, por meio de um diálogo frutífero, construirmos vias de reparação aos danos que nós seres humanos – de várias etnias, crenças e descrenças – causamos à criação de Deus. Francisco deixa a sua contribuição à luz da fé católica e abre um espaço de diálogo e encontro dos saberes inter-religiosos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo destacar a importância do diálogo inter-religioso para a promoção de uma ecologia integral, que inclua a necessária busca por libertação ecológica e humana. Analisamos pormenorizadamente o chamado dialogal da Laudato si’, sua contribuição e seu apelo às religiões, em aproximação com algumas contribuições de Paul F. Knitter – autor do diálogo inter-religioso que abraça a questão ecológica de maneira essencial, como objetivo do encontro inter-religioso. Ficou constatada a possibilidade de articulação entre algumas propostas de Francisco e Paul F. Knitter, resultando em importante contribuição para o atual diálogo das religiões.
A saúde integral do ser humano: apontamentos preventivos a partir da teologia de John Wesley
Authors: Couto Vinicius
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão preventiva sobre saúde a partir das orientações paulinas em diálogo com a teologia de John Wesley. Antes de apontar esse diálogo, a pesquisa se preocupou em indexar as perspectivas evangelicais contemporâneas a respeito do cuidado da saúde, trazendo à tona a visão dos tradicionais (protestantes de imigração e de missão), os pentecostais (primeira e segunda onda) e os neopentecostais (pentecostais de terceira onda). Concluiu-se que dentre estas perspectivas evangelicais, a pentecostal de terceira onda pode ser perigosa em função de sua teologia da saúde perfeita. Por isso, a pesquisa apresentou bases neotestamentárias da teologia paulina em dialogia com o pensamento wesleyano a fim de propor uma abordagem de equilíbrio, que se preocupe, em primeira instância, com a prevenção das enfermidades e que realize os tratamentos necessários com a medicina no que diz respeito ao que for corretivo, sem, contudo, deixar de lado a oração e a fé na intervenção providente e soberana de Deus.
O sínodo para a Amazônia na perspectiva de um pentecostal: uma análise dos círculos menores na construção do Documento final
Authors: Costa Moab César Carvalho
Published: August 2020

Este artigo faz uma análise comparativa da contribuição dos círculos menores que atuaram durante o sínodo para a Amazônia no processo de construção do Documento final. Enfoca a perspectiva de cada um deles sobre as questões de natureza eclesial, em especial, da consagração de mulheres e dos viri probati. Faz referência ao diálogo ecumênico e inter-religioso no contexto da construção de uma igreja com rosto amazônico. As considerações aqui representam uma perspectiva direta de um pentecostal que participou do sínodo na qualidade de delegado fraterno.
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Nigeria
Authors: Adimora Ethel E. , Ajaegbu Eze E. , Nwigwe Juliet O. , Onuora Adaora L. , Onuoha Ola N.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of socio-demographic data on nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Enugu State of Nigeria. A standardized questionnaire was designed to collect information on the socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice of PLWHIV who attended the HAART centre at the Ntasi Obi Ndi No N’afufu Specialist Centre. Results showed that the respondents scored 65.6% on nutritional knowledge, 13.7% on nutritional attitude, and 54.9% on nutritional practices. The Bivariate analysis showed significant positive correlations between nutritional knowledge and attitude; nutritional knowledge and practices; and nutritional attitude and practices. Monthly income was seen as a common predictor for nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice; hence local foods should be included in their food chart for affordability and accessibility.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Update Review
Authors: Brandão Lucilla do Espírito Santo , Silva Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da , Lopes Roberto Max , Martins Cristiane Nunes
Published: August 2020

The Ductus Arteriosus (DA) is a vascular structure of the fetal heart that communicates the isthmus of the aorta (at the junction of the aortic root with the descending aorta) to the roof of the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk. It is an essential structure of the fetal heart that connects the pulmonary circulation to de systemic circulation bypassing the lungs. The DA is usually patent at birth. It undergoes through muscle contraction between 10 and 15 hours of life and closes due to fibrous proliferation of the intimal layer by the third week of life. The change in the natural history of DA, with consequent permeability beyond the predicted period, promotes the Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) a congenital acyanotic heart disease. The most important risk factor for PDA is prematurity. Other risk factors are the congenital rubella, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic factors, low birth weight, perinatal asphyxia and birth in high altitude places. The clinical manifestations of a PDA are determined by the degree of left-to-right shunting, which is dependent upon age, the size and length of the PDA and the difference between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances. The diagnosis of PDA is usually based on its characteristic clinical findings and confirmation by echocardiography. The proper management of PDA depend on age, hemodynamic impact and resource available and may include conservative management, pharmacologic treatment, surgical approach and percutaneous closure. The complication rates for percutaneous and surgical closure are rare.
Societal Determinants of Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age and Role of Community Pharmacist for Its Management
Authors: Habib Nazneen , Afzal Aneela , Abbasi Saif-Ur-Rehman Saif , Aziz Wajid
Published: August 2020

Aims: To study societal determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) and elaborate the role of community pharmacist for its management.

Study Design: To investigate the societal determinants of anemia, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Muzaffarabad district of AJK, Pakistan.

Methodology: We collected the data from 384 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) having at least one child using a self- constructed interview schedule. The population sample size was calculated using Krejcie formula and purposive sampling was used for data collection. Two hospitals, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences and combined military hospital Muzaffarabad were selected for blood samples to screen the hemoglobin (Hb) level of the respondents and data collection. Univariate analysis was performed to examine the frequency distributions and percentages of cases depending on a single variable at a time. The bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test to determine empirical relationship between the anemia severity and socio-cultural risk factors of this ailment. The odd ratios were computed to investigate the odds of occurrence of anemia among respondents. The results were considered statistically significant at significance level ≤ 0.05. 

Results: The findings revealed that prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia are 26.3%, 40.9% and 14.3% respectively among WRA, which shows that anemia is a significant health problem from public health perspective in the region. Major contributing factors are respondent’s and her husband’s education, age at marriage, number of pregnancies, knowledge about balanced diet and anemia, male preference in food intake and violence.

Conclusion: Anemia is a multifactorial problem among WRA in the study population, which can be dealt with using an integrated approach by combating malnutrition, provision of adequate healthcare, quality education and devising strategies for avoiding domestic violence. The community pharmacists can play an effective role to educate people about the selection of iron supplementation for adequate management of anemia among WRA.
Investigating the Behavior, Quit Attempts and Attitudes of Smoking Pharmacy Students in the Pharmacy Faculty at Isra University in Jordan
Authors: Khaleel Anas , Hadithi Hadeel Tawfiq AL- , Samawi Venus , Daghash Ayah , Ejielat Rowan Al
Published: August 2020

Background: The proportion of smokers in Jordan is one of the largest in the world and ranks number one the Middle East and second worldwide.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the behavior, quit attempts and attitudes among pharmacy students in the pharmacy college at Isra University – Jordan.

Methods: Participants answered a structured questionnaire and were randomly selected from students who smoke who were enrolled at the faculty of pharmacy at Isra University during the academic year of 2017-2018. Students were eligible to participate if they smoked regular cigarettes, or hookah or other types of smoke devices.

Results: Most participants smoke cigarettes (n=82, 71.9%) over hookah. Thirty-seven students (32.5%) of the age group 20-25 have started smoking less than 5 years ago. A total of 72 students (63%) are highly addicted consuming at least one pack of 20 cigarettes or more per day. Most students (87.7%) spend between 50-100 JOD (~$70-141USD) monthly on smoking.  Furthermore, 80 students (70.2%) have tried to quit before.

Conclusions: The current study showed a positive attitude toward establishing designated smoking zones. Smokers also stated their eagerness to quit smoking. There is an urgent need to have more awareness campaigns and smoking cessation clinics or counselors on college campuses.
The Greenhouse Effect Calculations by an Iteration Method and the Issue of Stratospheric Cooling
Authors: Ollila Antero
Published: August 2020

The anthropogenic global warming theory is based on the greenhouse effect (GH), which is due to the longwave (LW) absorption by GH gases and clouds according to the IPCC. This LW radiation downward is the imminent cause for the GH effect increasing the surface temperature by 33°C. It has been shown that latent and sensible heating are essential parts of downward LW radiation and the total GH effect. In this study, an iteration method utilizing this basic GH effect mechanism has been applied to simulate the warming impacts of enhanced GH effect changes. The results are compatible with the Transient Climate Response (TCR) of 0.6°C. The issue of stratospheric cooling due to increased CO2 concentration has been calculated and analyzed. The stratospheric cooling effect is real but its impact on the Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) has been shown to be negative and not positive as generally implied. The reason is that the decreased absorption of LW radiation in the atmosphere always decreases the GH effect. This result challenges the new concept of the ERF that is the sum of Instantaneous RF (IRF) and rapid adjustments as applied in General Climate Models (GCMs). If the stratospheric adjustment has the opposite effect, then the IRF values would be also wrongly calculated in these models. Two independent validation methods were applied to test the temperature impacts of CO2 concentration increases.
McCance‐Katz urges school reopenings
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2020

During a week when more and more schools decided not to open up classes for this fall, concerns about the welfare of children isolated at home, without the benefit of their peers or teachers, mounted as well. Elinore McCance‐Katz, M.D., Ph.D., assistant secretary for mental health and substance abuse of the Department of Health and Human Services, opined in USA Today that not opening schools would harm the mental health of children. In the limelight due to many changes in substance use disorder treatment due to the pandemic, McCance‐Katz sided with President Trump and Education Secretary Betsy DeVos in saying that ignoring these casualties would harm children more than the risks of COVID‐19. The schools should reopen, and parents should decide for themselves whether they want their children to attend, she wrote.
Distributed Force Control for Microrobot Manipulation via Planar Multi‐Spot Optical Tweezer
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Barbot Antoine , Lo Benny , Yang Guang‐Zhong
Published: August 2020

Optical tweezers (OT) represent a versatile tool for micro‐manipulation. To avoid damages to living cells caused by illuminating laser directly on them, microrobots controlled by OT can be used for manipulation of cells or living organisms in microscopic scale. Translation and planar rotation motion of microrobots can be realized by using a multi‐spot planar OT. However, out‐of‐plane manipulation of microrobots is difficult to achieve with a planar OT. This paper presents a distributed manipulation scheme based on multiple laser spots, which can control the out‐of‐plane pose of a microrobot along multiple axes. Different microrobot designs have been investigated and fabricated for experimental validation. The main contributions of this paper include: i) development of a generic model for the structure design of microrobots which enables multi‐dimensional (6D) control via conventional multi‐spot OT; ii) introduction of the distributed force control for microrobot manipulation based on characteristic distance and power intensity distribution. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and its potential applications, which include indirect manipulation of micro‐objects.
Hydrogel Microlasers for Versatile Biomolecular Analysis Based on a Lasing Microarray
Authors: Gong Xuerui , Qiao Zhen , Guan Peng , Feng Shilun , Yuan Zhiyi , Huang Changjin , Chang Guo-En , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: August 2020

Biological microlasers, which utilize lasing emission as a sensing signal, have recently emerged as a promising approach in biotechnology. As such, biolasers with functionality are of great significance for the detection of tiny molecular interactions in biological systems. Despite the considerable progress achieved in biomaterial‐based microlasers, the ability to manipulate nanoscale biostructures and functionalize molecules in microcavity represents a grand challenge. Herein, the development of hydrogel microlasers by exploiting the versatility and controllability of hydrogels is reported, where whispering‐gallery‐mode lasing is achieved by printing hydrogel droplets on a mirror. Lasing behaviors and fundamental characteristics of hydrogel lasers are explored under various water‐monomer ratios and crosslinking degrees. Furthermore, a hydrogel lasing microarray is developed, providing a novel approach to study molecular interactions within the 3D hydrogel network structure. To demonstrate the potential application and functionality, Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide lasing is exploited for molecular analysis. Single‐mode FRET laser emission is achieved by tuning the Forster distance in hydrogel droplets. Finally, different types of biomolecules are encapsulated to form biolasing. These findings not only highlight the ability of hydrogel biolasers for high‐throughput biomolecular analysis but also provide deep insights into the relationship between biostructure and laser physics.
Chemical priming to improve annual bluegrass survival of ice encasement
Authors: Laskowski Kevin , Merewitz Emily
Published: August 2020

Broadly applicable management strategies to prepare turfgrasses for overwintering are lacking. This research aimed to investigate whether chemical priming in the field may improve the survival of the perennial form of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) after ice encasement. Annual bluegrass field plots were treated in the summer and fall of 2017 and 2018 with salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), Civitas (active ingredient: mineral oil), and combinations of each chemical or were not treated. Civitas and Civitas + TE‐treated plants had the highest level of turfgrass quality throughout the summer and fall. Normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and dark green color index (DGCI) indicated that JA + TE and Civitas + TE had consistently higher values than controls on many dates. Plant plugs were transferred from the field to a low temperature growth chamber (–4°C) for ice encasement or no ice treatment. Following ice encasement for 40 or 80 d, all treatments except for TE alone showed some significant improvements in annual bluegrass recovery. Treatment of annual bluegrass in the summer and fall with Civitas, TE + Civitas, JA, and TE + JA preceding ice encasement may improve recovery from prolonged ice encasement and be useful turf management practices. Without ice encasement at low temperature, Civitas was the only treatment that improved recovery. The chemical treatments that improved ice encasement recovery may alter annual bluegrass fatty acid ratios, such as by increasing the unsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid.
Forest‐derived liming by‐products: Potential benefits to remediate soil acidity and increase soil fertility
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura
Published: August 2020

Soil acidification is an important cause of declining crop yields in many countries, including Canada and the United States. Meanwhile, alkaline by‐products from forest resources are widely available but underused in agriculture despite their expected benefits on soil pH and fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effects, throughout a 40‐wk laboratory incubation, of six different forest‐derived liming materials on soil pH and Mehlich‐3–extractable major nutrients in two acidic soils. Lime mud, two wood ashes (papermill biosolids and wood bark), two biochars (maple and pine), and a de‐inking paper sludge (DPS) were applied at calcium carbonate equivalence–based rates, according to the amount of lime required to achieve a target pH of 6.5 on each soil. A calcitic lime (CL) was used as a reference. All forest‐derived materials except pine biochar were equally effective as CL in increasing the pH of the two acidic soils after 40 wk of incubation. Lime mud quickly raised the pH after soil incorporation, and then the pH progressively declined. By contrast, DPS upon decomposition gradually increased soil pH over time. In terms of liming value based on dry mass of each material, lime mud was needed at the lowest amount (0.8 CL unit) to increase pH to the target value. Wood ash, particularly from wood combustion, was a significant direct source of P, K, and Mg, whereas maple biochar supplied large amounts of available K and Mg. This study demonstrated that forest‐derived alkaline by‐products can efficiently remediate soil acidity and improve soil fertility.
Hydrostatic and Uniaxial Pressure Tuning of Iron‐Based Superconductors: Insights into Superconductivity, Magnetism, Nematicity, and Collapsed Tetragonal Transitions
Authors: Gati Elena , Xiang Li , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C.
Published: August 2020

Iron‐based superconductors are well‐known for their intriguing phase diagrams, which manifest a complex interplay of electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom. Among the phase transitions observed are superconducting, magnetic, and several types of structural transitions, including a tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic and a collapsed‐tetragonal transition. In particular, the widely observed tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic transition is believed to be a result of an electronic order that is coupled to the crystalline lattice and is, thus, referred to as nematic transition. Nematicity is therefore a prominent feature of these materials, which signals the importance of the coupling of electronic and lattice properties. Correspondingly, these systems are particularly susceptible to tuning via pressure (hydrostatic, uniaxial, or some combination). Efforts to probe the phase diagrams of pressure‐tuned iron‐based superconductors are reviewed with a strong focus on recent insights into the phase diagrams of several members of this material class under hydrostatic pressure. These studies on FeSe, Ba(FeCox)2As2, Ca(FeCox)2As2, and CaK(FeNix)4As4are, to a significant extent, made possible by advances of what measurements can be adapted to their use under differing pressure environments. The potential impact of these tools for the study of the wider class of strongly correlated electron systems is pointed out.
Well‐defined (NHC)Pd(N–heterocyclic carboxylate)(OAc) complexes‐catalyzed direct C2‐arylation of free (NH)‐indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides
Authors: Yang Jin , Zong Ling‐Li , Zhu Xiao‐Ting , Zhu Xin‐Ying , Zhao Jian‐Yi
Published: August 2020

A series of well‐defined (NHC)Pd(N–heterocyclic carboxylate)(OAc) complexes (N–heterocyclic carboxylate = pyridine‐2‐carboxylate, quinoline‐2‐carboxylate and isoquinoline‐1‐carboxylate) were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectra, HR‐MS and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The obtained complexes were then used for direct C2‐arylation of free (NH)‐indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides. With low catalyst loading, all complexes exhibited high catalytic activities for the arylation reactions.
On modelling of glucose transport in hollow fibre membrane bioreactor for growing three‐dimensional tissue
Authors: Suhaimi Hazwani , Ward John Peter , Das Diganta Bhusan
Published: August 2020

Hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFMBs) have been shown to overcome the diffusion limitation of nutrients (e.g., glucose) from the hollow fibres (lumens) to the porous regions of a scaffold (extracapillary space). However, direct monitoring of glucose diffusion inside the HFMBs is almost impossible because of their small size; thus, various computational modelling frameworks have been developed in the past. These models have defined that the glucose diffusivity in the cell culture medium used in the HFMBs was similar to the diffusivity in water. Similarly, other assumptions have been made that do not represent the nutrient transport processes in the HFMB accurately. In addressing these issues, a mathematical model is presented in this paper, where we employ experimentally deduced effective glucose diffusivities of tissue engineering membranes and scaffolds with and without cells along with glucose diffusivity in cell culture medium. The governing equations are non‐dimensionalized, simplified and solved numerically. The results demonstrate the roles of various dimensionless numbers (e.g., Péclet and Damköhler numbers) and non‐dimensional groups of variables on determining the glucose concentration especially in the scaffold region. The result of this study is expected to help optimize designs of HFMB as well as carry out more accurate scaling analyses.
Real‐time NMPC path tracker for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Farag Wael
Published: August 2020

This work proposes a framework to design, formulate and implement a path tracker for self‐driving cars (SDC) based on a nonlinear model‐predictive‐control (NMPC) approach. The presented methodology is developed to be used by designers in the industrial sector, practitioners, and academics. Therefore, it is straight forward, flexible, and comprehensive. It allows the designer to easily integrate multiple objective terms in the cost function either opposing or correlating. The proposed design of the controller not only targets accurate tracking but also comfortable ride and fast travel time by introducing several sub‐objective terms in the main cost function to satisfy these goals. These sub‐objective terms are weighted according to their contribution to the optimization problem. The SDC‐NMPC framework is developed using the high‐performance language C++ and utilizes highly optimized math and optimization libraries for best real‐time performance. This makes the SDC‐MPC well suited for use in both ADAS and self‐driving cars. Extensive simulation studies featuring complex tracks with many sharp turns have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed SDC‐NMPC at different speeds. The presented analysis shows that the proposed controller with its tuning technique outperforms that of the PID‐based controller.
Biotransformation and chiral resolution of d,l‐alanine into pyruvate and d‐alanine with a whole‐cell biocatalyst expressing l‐amino acid deaminase
Authors: Liu Ke , Gong Mengyue , Lv Xueqin , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Liu Long
Published: August 2020

Pyruvate is an important pharmaceutical intermediate and is widely used in food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. However, high environmental pollution caused by chemical synthesis or complex separation process of microbial fermentation methods constrain the supply of pyruvate. Here, one‐step pyruvate and d‐alanine production from d,l‐alanine by whole‐cell biocatalysis was investigated. First, l‐amino acid deaminase (Pm1) from Proteus mirabilis was expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in pyruvate titer of 12.01 g/L. Then, N‐terminal coding sequences were introduced to the 5′‐end of the pm1 gene to enhance the expression of Pm1 and the pyruvate titer increased to 15.13 g/L. Next, product utilization by the biocatalyst was prevented by knocking out the pyruvate uptake transporters (cstA, btsT) and the pyruvate metabolic pathway genes pps, poxB, pflB, ldhA, and aceEF using CRISPR/Cas9, yielding 30.88 g/L pyruvate titer. Finally, by optimizing the reaction conditions, the pyruvate titer was further enhanced to 43.50 g/L in 8 H with a 79.99% l‐alanine conversion rate; meanwhile, the resolution of d‐alanine reached 84.0%. This work developed a whole‐cell biocatalyst E. coli strain for high‐yield, high‐efficiency, and low‐pollution pyruvate and d‐alanine production, which has great potential for the commercial application in the future.
What Are the Health Risks of Eating Red Meat, and How Should We Assess Them?
Authors: Kurbel Sven
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses possible mechanisms that might lead to misinterpretations of collected data and makes new evidence‐based medicine (EBM) recommendations to oppose the previously accepted preventive measures, or treatment options. It is focused on the danger of the “red meat” consumption, and the question whether eating pungent food is good or bad for our health and finally whether the “bad luck” concept of getting several cancer types is valid or not. These three topics got and still have significant media attention. Several mechanisms are proposed as possible causes of these apparent conflicts. Some of them have already been recognized but sadly remained less known to medical readers and also to the general population. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/owjoRXrNShA.
Phase 1 Studies to Define the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of the Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Apararenone in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Nakamura Tadakatsu , Kawaguchi Atsuhiro
Published: August 2020

Apararenone is a long‐acting, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of single‐ and multiple‐dose apararenone were assessed in 3 phase 1 randomized, double‐blind studies in 223 healthy adults. Study 1 assessed the PK, safety/tolerability, and PD of single‐dose apararenone (3.75–640 mg) and multiple‐dose apararenone (10–40 mg/day on days 1–14, 320 mg loading dose on day 1 + 10 mg/day on days 2–14, or 40–320 mg loading dose on day 1 + 2.5–20 mg/day on days 2–14) in Caucasian and Black men and women. Study 2 assessed the PK and safety of single‐dose apararenone (5–320 mg) in healthy Japanese men. Study 3 assessed the PK, PD, and safety/tolerability of single‐dose apararenone (160 or 640 mg) or eplerenone (200 mg; only for 160 mg of apararenone), each after fludrocortisone challenge in Caucasian men. In studies 1 and 2, an approximately dose‐proportional increase was observed in PK parameters over the apararenone dose range of 3.75–40 mg; at higher doses, a less than dose‐proportional increase was observed. Food, sex, age, and race had no apparent effect on apararenone PK. A long half‐life was seen for apararenone and its principal metabolite; in addition, the exposure of the metabolite was lower than that of apararenone. Apararenone suppressed the decrease in urinary sodium and potassium ion ratio that occurs after loading with fludrocortisone. These studies support the mechanism of action of apararenone as an MRA, and further clinical development is warranted.
Relationship conflict in construction: A literature review
Authors: Vaux James S. , Dority Bree
Published: August 2020

The construction industry is recognized for its adversarial culture and frequency of conflict. Previous relationship conflict research has not been collectively summarized or categorized nor have the remaining gaps been identified. This literature review examines common themes and salient issues that emerge from the included studies and provides key insights that include the identification of sources, consequences, and mitigating factors of relationship conflict in the literature. Recommendations are made for the use of these findings to reduce the causes of relationship conflict in the construction industry, lower the negative impact on project performance, and foster efforts to mitigate relationship conflict.
Reverse Semi‐Combustion Driven by Titanium Dioxide‐Ionic Liquid Hybrid Photocatalyst
Authors: Qadir Muhammad I. , Zanatta Marcileia , Pinto Jose , Vicente Isabel , Gual Aitor , Smith Emily F. , Neto Brenno A. D. , de Souza Paulo E. N. , Khan Sherdil , Dupont Jairton , Alves Fernandes Jesum
Published: August 2020

Unprecedented metal‐free photocatalytic CO2 conversion to CO (up to 228±48 μmol g−1 h−1) was displayed by TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts prepared by simple impregnation of commercially available P25‐titanium dioxide with imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs). The high activity of TiO2@IL hybrid photocatalysts was mainly associated to (i) TiO2@IL red shift compared to the pure TiO2 absorption, and thus a modification of the TiO2 surface electronic structure; (ii) TiO2 with IL bearing imidazolate anions lowered the CO2 activation energy barrier. The reaction mechanism was postulated to occur via CO2 photoreduction to formate species by the imidazole/imidazole radical redox pair, yielding CO and water.
A novel combined animal tissue model for freehand and ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and smear preparation techniques training
Authors: Kebe Radulović Maja , Vivoda Tomšič Martina , Cimerman Damjana , Gutnik Helena , Strojan Fležar Margareta
Published: August 2020

Objective

A variety of models are used for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and smear preparation techniques training: human, animal and silicon models or combined models. We present fresh animal tissues as models for freehand and ultrasound (US)‐guided FNAB technique training, enabling an integrated approach from tumour detection to smear evaluation.

Methods

We introduced a novel combined animal tissue model using dietary animal meat with covering skin as a substrate. Animal liver tissue of various sizes, representing tumour, was inserted into the various layers of the substrate (subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, proximity of bone). Freehand and US‐guided FNAB smear preparation, including fixation, was then performed and assessed.

Results

The use of a combined animal tissue model for 6 freehand and 3 US‐guided FNAB sessions showed a statistically significant improvement in the US‐guided FNAB retrieval of liver tissue (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0216), in smear preparation technique reflected in a decrease in the number of too thick smears after freehand FNAB (Fisher's exact test, p  =  .0070), in the overall number of smears satisfactory for evaluation by US‐guided FNAB (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0206) and in the number of flawless smears obtained in the freehand FNAB training sessions (Fisher's exact test, p =  .0020).

Conclusions

A unique advantage of the presented model encompassing various layers of animal tissues with covering skin, offers an integrated approach for FNAB training from “tumour” detection, puncture precision, to smear preparation and cytological evaluation for a wider audience and does not compromise patient safety.
Xanthogranulomatous change in a pleomorphic adenoma: An extremely rare variant/degenerative change. Is it fine needle aspiration induced?
Authors: Pujani Mukta , Sidam Dipti , Singh Kanika , Khandelwal Aparna , Katarya Khushbu
Published: August 2020

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor characterized by morphological diversity, metaplastic changes, degeneration, cystic change, altered differentiation, and rarely malignant transformation, thereby may create a diagnostic dilemma on cytology. Xanthogranulomatous (XG) inflammation within a PA could be due to XG sialadenitis coexistent with PA or preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) induced histologic alteration. The argument in favor of this hypothesis is that the changes seen in the histopathology would not be present in the cytology, implying that the alterations were most likely due to the traumatic injury of needling rather than spontaneous change of the lesions themselves. These FNAC induced changes are focal in most of the cases, so the underlying lesion is readily identifiable, but on rare occasions they are so extensive that it can masquerade as a malignancy. We report a case of XG change in a PA in a 39‐year‐old male of 8 years standing. Through this case we wish to emphasize that knowledge of a previous FNAC and its potential effects on histology of the subsequent surgical specimen is necessary to avoid potential misdiagnosis.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zr‐Amino Terephthalate and its Composite with MWCNTs as a Novel Electrode Material in Nitrite Quantification
Authors: Suma B. P. , Pandurangappa M.
Published: August 2020

A simple and greener electrochemical sensing platform towards nitrite measurement using amine modified Zr‐terephthalate and MWCNTs has been demonstrated. The characterization of the composite material has been carried out using spectroscopic and voltammetric techniques. The composite material overcomes the inherent drawbacks of MOFs like lower conductivity and stability in aqueous medium. The MWCNTs/Zr−ATA composite modified electrode showed better electrocatalytic activity in nitrite quantification with good linearity in the concentration range 2–440 μM with detection limit 0.22 μM and sensitivity of 0.657 μA μM−1 cm−2. The fabricated electrode has been applied to quantify nitrite from root nodule samples.
An Electrochemical Sensing Platform Based on Graphene Oxide and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrode for Selective Detection of Amoxicillin
Authors: Güney Sevgi , Arslan Taner , Yanık Serhat , Güney Orhan
Published: August 2020

An electrochemical sensing platform based on composite material, consisting of molecularly imprinted polymer coated on graphene oxide (MIP‐GO), was developed for selective and sensitive analysis of amoxicillin (AMOX). TheMIP‐GOcomposite, which was fabricated by sol‐gel polymerization after removal of template molecule, was deposited as a thin film on glassy carbon electrode, and then was electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The linear response for the determination ofAMOXwas obtained in the concentration range from 5.0×10−10to 9.1×10−7 M under the most proper conditions and the detection limit was found to be 2.94×10−10 M.
Damping spectra for estimating inelastic deformations from modal response spectrum analysis
Authors: Sucuoğlu Halûk , Alıcı Fırat Soner
Published: August 2020

The focus of this study is estimating inelastic deformations of building frames by conducting response spectrum analysis. Damping spectra (Rμ–ξ–T spectra) are derived first for SDOF systems defined with their initial period or initial stiffness, in order to attain equal maximum displacements of the companion inelastic systems. Mean spectral relations and their standard deviations are calculated for 566 horizontal pairs of near‐fault ground motions. They are further classified with respect to ductility reduction factor Rμ as well as the earthquake magnitude and soil type, which are found to have notable influence on the effect of damping in reducing maximum displacement. Optimal damping scaling factors are then calculated for converting the standard 5% damped linear elastic spectra to inelastic spectra. Finally, maximum deformations of MDOF building frames are estimated by using the optimal spectral factors through mode superposition analysis. The results are compared with the results obtained from nonlinear response history analysis under different sets of strong ground motions. Mean inelastic deformations are predicted with reasonable accuracy with the proposed procedure. Hence, damping spectra furnishing optimal damping ratios are suggested as a practical tool for assessing the seismic performance of newly designed, code conforming structures.
The design of plane earthwork structures on pile foundations
Authors: Klobe Berthold
Published: August 2020

A newly developed design concept for plane earthwork structures on pile foundations is presented. This design concept is based on a complex mathematical background that has been derived using fundamental mechanical principles. The mechanical system comprises the arching effect in a plane earthwork structure on punctual supports. It incorporates the effect of an elastic membrane that is formed by orthogonal ribs of geogrids, the modulus of subgrade reaction between the piles and the elastic settling of the piles. Some practical design examples are shown. The important aspects of the analysis and the design are pointed out. The complete mathematical background and a comprehensive design tool for free use have been prepared and are provided through a download link: https://gft‐pes.blogspot.com.
Resting theta activity is associated with specific coding levels in event‐related theta activity during conflict monitoring
Authors: Pscherer Charlotte , Bluschke Annet , Prochnow Astrid , Eggert Elena , Mückschel Moritz , Beste Christian
Published: August 2020

Brain electrical activity in the theta frequency band is essential for cognitive control (e.g., during conflict monitoring), but is also evident in the resting state. The link between resting state theta activity and its relevance for theta‐related neural mechanisms during cognitive control is still undetermined. Yet, theoretical considerations suggest that there may be a connection. To examine the link between resting state theta activity and conflict‐related theta activity, we combined temporal EEG signal decomposition methods with time‐frequency decomposition and beamforming methods in N = 86 healthy participants. Results indicate that resting state theta activity is closely associated with the strength of conflict‐related neural activity at the level of ERPs and total theta power (consisting of phase‐locked and nonphase‐locked aspects of theta activity). The data reveal that resting state theta activity is related to a specific aspect of conflict‐related theta activity, mainly in superior frontal regions and in the supplemental motor area (SMA, BA6) in particular. The signal decomposition showed that only stimulus‐related, but not motor‐response‐related coding levels in the EEG signal and the event‐related total theta activity were associated with resting theta activity. This specificity of effects may explain why the association between resting state theta activity and overt conflict monitoring performance may not be as strong as often assumed. The results suggest that resting state theta activity is particularly important to consider for input integration processes during cognitive control.