bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« On nous écrit de Rio... » : les frontières transnationales du système médiatique de la presse au xixe siècle
Authors: Caparelli André
Published: June 2013

Cet article vise à montrer le rôle du journal et des journalistes dans les échanges culturels entre la France et le Brésil au xix e siècle. Des deux côtés de l’Atlantique, la montée en puissance de la presse moderne entraîne des profonds changements dans la production, la diffusion et la réception de la culture. Après un tour d’horizon sur la circulation des « passeurs culturels » français et brésiliens à Rio de Janeiro et à Paris, l’article traite des transferts d’informations et de représentations qui ont lieu dans les journaux et autres périodiques. Ces échanges reflètent non seulement la naissance de la culture médiatique mais aussi la mise en place d’un système médiatique global. À partir de la première moitié du xix e siècle, partout dans le monde, la presse peut être considérée comme le plus important moyen de médiation de la culture, en introduisant une nouvelle « ère médiatique » et en donnant naissance à la globalisation de l’information, qui sont à l’origine du monde médiatique que nous connaissons aujourd’hui.
La plus ancienne revue satirique du monde. Genèse, histoire et visions du monde du Nebelspalter des années zurichoises (1875-1922)
Authors: Danguy Laurence , Kaenel Philippe
Published: June 2013

Der Nebelspalter (qui « fend les nuées ») est la plus ancienne revue satirique du monde, dans une Suisse qui compte le plus grand nombre de périodiques satiriques par habitant. Les thèmes centraux du journal portent sur les questions religieuses et politiques (le Kulturkampf ), constitutionnelles, financières, tandis que certains sujets essentiels dans la géographie politique de la Suisse, comme l’affaire du tunnel du Gothard, vont s’inscrire dans la durée. Les thématiques internationales, présentes dès l’origine, prennent une place croissante à partir des années 1890, à la faveur de l’internationalisation de la revue, centrée jusqu’ici sur les puissants voisins prussiens et français, avec des apparitions sporadiques de l’Italie, l’Empire austro-hongrois, l’Angleterre et la Russie. Les conflits coloniaux font intervenir des pays plus lointains, tandis que les inquiétudes liées aux Balkans amènent à poser avec acuité la question européenne. La ligne nettement pro-germanique adoptée à partir de 1916 va placer le Nebelspalter au bord de l’implosion.
Un procès improbable : Paris-Soir contre L'Écho Illustré (1938-1939)
Authors: Clavien Alain
Published: June 2013

En automne 1938, le grand quotidien parisien Paris-Soir intente un procès pour diffamation contre l’hebdomadaire catholique genevois L’Écho Illustré qui l’a traité de « pourrissoir ». L’affaire est plaidée en été 1939 et le journal français est débouté avec pertes et fracas, sous les sarcasmes de la presse locale qui, tous bords politiques confondus, a pris le parti de son confrère catholique. Pour incongru qu’il paraisse, ce procès cristallise l’exaspération grandissante des éditeurs de journaux suisses romands face à la concurrence des journaux français — au point qu’on parle d’« envahissement » et qu’on oppose volontiers un modèle de journalisme national, propre et honnête, à un modèle étranger, peu scrupuleux et porté au sensationnalisme.
Journalistes, responsables politiques et militaires français en Afrique : une information en co-production (1994-2008) ?
Authors: Robinet François
Published: June 2013

L’analyse des productions médiatiques proposées par une dizaine de rédactions françaises sur quelques grands conflits africains des années 1990-2000 permet d’interroger les liens entre les représentations médiatiques de l’événement et les pratiques journalistiques. Cette approche par les contenus met en évidence de fortes corrélations entre l’intensification de la couverture médiatique, la dramatisation de l’événement et la valorisation du rôle de la France. Mise en perspective à l’aide d’une douzaine d’entretiens avec des journalistes, l’analyse révèle également une mise en scène de l’information sous l’influence des stratégies de communication déployées par la diplomatie française au service d’intérêts nationaux. Dès lors, la fabrique de l’information doit être considérée comme une production, collective et systémique, effectuée par des professionnels confrontés à des contraintes fortes et à des jeux d’influence de plus en plus complexes.
RePhyS: A Multidisciplinary Experience in Remote Physiological Systems Laboratory
Authors: Barros Carla , Leão Celina Pinto , Soares Filomena , Minas Graça , Machado José
Published: June 2013

Remote laboratories have been developed to support the studentsâ?? learning and to reduce equipment costs. More and more, laboratories play an important role in engineering teaching, since they allow the connection between theory and practice. Actually, there is the necessity to change strategies and methodologies of education. The remote laboratories enable the access to all students anytime, anywhere because they are available on the Internet. This paper presents the firsts developments of an innovative laboratory in the bioengineering area: RePhyS. RePhyS will be a remote laboratory for use in biomedical and physiological systems studies in graduate and postgraduate levels. The user will be allowed to interact with the system parameters, and to control some system variables. This new lab will enable to produce, visualize and analyze, in real-time, results of practical experiences in order to improve studentsâ?? activity of learning, and it will provide with an enriched computing environment for sharing results and collaborations.
Common Virtualized Environment in Telematics Labs
Authors: Fernández F. J. , Sierra Antonio J. , Ariza Teresa , Madinabeitia Germán , Vozmediano Juan M.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this paper is to show the common scenario

for practical content of subjects in the Department of Telematics Engineering by means of virtualization. This Department is responsible for a high number of laboratory groups, requiring many teachers and a high workload. A common environment for all practice groups is desired. A virtual machine was built with the same environment of the Computing Centre at School of Engineering at University of Seville. Then, this virtual machine was provided to students and is used to do practices. This article describes this experience and shows the improvements obtained.
Supporting Remote Laboratory Activities at an Institutional Level
Authors: Kist Alexander A. , Gibbings Peter , Maxwell Andrew D. , Jolly Hannah
Published: June 2013

Learning Tools that rely on information and communication technologies form an essential part of distance education. Remote Access Laboratories (RAL) is one example that has been widely discussed in the research community; in particular, in the context of engineering and science education. However, remote laboratory technology is not widely used. This study explores whether the benefits offered by the RAL systems can be extended to students in other disciplines and how this process can be supported. The key aim of this activity is to create more equitable opportunities for student learning across faculties and the university. The study identifies considerations for the wider adoption, implementation and uptake of remote laboratory based learning activities. Four learning activities at various stages of the development cycle in three different disciplines are evaluated using a program logic methodology. Evaluation questions address the areas of appropriateness, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability. It is concluded that remote laboratory are open and flexible enough to suite a variety of learning objectives and pedagogies in a number of contexts. This study also highlights some wider issues that are significant to the acceptance of RAL learning activities. Findings include that a number of conditions need to be met if remote laboratory activities are to occur more broadly across universities as learning systems.
LabSocket: A New Trend in Remote Labs
Authors: Ursutiu Doru , Samoila C. , Bergmans J.
Published: June 2013

Many companies and universities understand the trends of evolution in direction of â??Remote Engineering - REâ? like a strong need to sustain the development and especially the fast and deep evolution in the field of â??Virtual Instrumentation â?? VIâ? with direct connection in engineering and education. In this paper we combine a new system â??LabSocket â?? LSâ? with a recognized standard in education â??National Instruments Engineering Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation - Suite NI ELVISâ? and the new myDAQ board for students hands-on laboratories. In recent years at the Creativity Laboratory from â??Transylvaniaâ? University of Brasov â?? Romania many LabVIEW applications based on NI ELVIS and myDAQ have been developed. Now, based on the LabSocket system developed by Bergmans Mechatronics LLC, we can begin to control these applications over the web, and thereby increase the learning opportunities offered to the students. A significant attribute of the LabSocket system is that it extends the functionality of LabVIEW-based industrial or educational applications to the browser, without the use of browser plug-ins or requiring developers to write any HTML or JavaScript code.
Equitable Development Movement: A Progressive Response to the Urban Redevelopment Landscape Nationwide and in Washington, DC’s Shaw Community
Authors: Sablich Liz
Published: June 2013

A contemporary urban renaissance is bringing new residents into cities across the United States and is spurring significant economic development in previously downtrodden urban communities. As dramatic change sweeps across America’s cities, many of those communities’ long-term, low-income residents of color are left out of the decision-making process by which their neighborhoods are transformed. This paper identifies the shortcomings of privatism – a prevalent practice in contemporary urban development which encourages local governments to rely on and to subsidize private enterprise. The paper further explores the merits of the equitable development movement as a progressive response to the failures of privatism to produce positive outcomes for vulnerable populations. Washington, DC’s Shaw community serves as an example of America’s changing urban landscape, and its community organization ONE DC provides a useful illustration of equitable development principles in practice.
Battling Deforestation in Brazil: Implementing a REDD Framework to Combat Global Climate Change
Authors: Matza Helaina
Published: June 2013

Much international attention has focused on how deforestation has contributed to overall carbon dioxide output, thereby exacerbating global climate change. This paper will focus specifically on Brazil’s current efforts to combat deforestation and the suggested modifications to the design and future implementation of programs based on the United Nations’ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) framework in Brazil.
Banking the Unbanked: A Mechanism for Improving the Financial Security of Low-Income Individuals
Authors: Robbins Emily
Published: June 2013

Expanding access to financial literacy and to low‑cost banking services are important policy issues that may help prevent some of the financial pitfalls that disproportionately affect low‑income individuals. This paper explains the causes and effects of being “unbanked” (i.e. not using the traditional banking system), and explains why it is important to bring everyone into the financial mainstream. In addition, this paper highlights the structure and implementation of a successful public-private partnership program called Bank On San Francisco that provided financial literacy courses and low-cost checking accounts to at-risk residents in San Francisco. Lastly, this paper discusses several important economic considerations for policymakers to analyze before replicating the Bank On San Francisco program in other jurisdictions, and also reviews federal action on financial literacy and banking the unbanked.
The Wind Energy Production Tax Credit as an Alternative to a Carbon Tax
Authors: Sher Jay
Published: June 2013

This paper attempts to determine an optimal level for the wind energy production tax credit based on the carbon dioxide reduction potential of wind energy. The optimal level is calculated using a conservative value for the social cost of carbon and an upper bound for the carbon dioxide reduction potential of wind energy. Even under the most efficient wind energy operation conditions, the reduction in carbon dioxide is not substantial enough to warrant the current value of the production tax credit. Further study is needed to determine why it is so overvalued.
Adolescent male orphans affected by HIV and AIDS, poverty and fatherlessness: A story of marginalisation?
Authors: Meyer Juanita
Published: June 2013

This article explores the experiences of fatherless adolescent males affected by HIV, AIDS and poverty, in order to investigate how these experiences influence the creation of their alternative, future narratives and if these experiences result in narratives that speak of marginalisation or instead, will speak of survival. Research methods from the qualitative case study research design are employed. The theoretical point of departure is a postfoundational practical theology and narrative therapy. The specific focus is on issues of marginalisation and to listen to the narratives within their contexts. The article explores and deconstructs the dominant discourses engrained within the larger socio-economic and cultural context and questions whether these narratives should be viewed as a story of marginalisation. The article concludes that it is not a story of marginalisation, but rather a story of survival, a story of hope.
Spherical Geometry HOC Scheme to Capture Low Pressures within a Wake
Authors: Sekhar T. V. S. , Raju B. Hema Sundar
Published: June 2013

The solution of the pressure Poisson equation in spherical polar coordinates using a higher order compact (HOC) scheme effectively captures low pressure values in the wake region for viscous flow past a sphere. In the absence of an exact solution, the fourth-order of accuracy of the results is illustrated. Low pressure circular contours occur in the wake region when the Reynolds number Re = 161, which is a lower value than previously identified in the literature, and closed pressure contours appear in two regions when Re = 250.
Superconvergence of Fully Discrete Finite Elements for Parabolic Control Problems with Integral Constraints
Authors: Tang Y. , Hua Y.
Published: June 2013

A quadratic optimal control problem governed by parabolic equations with integral constraints is considered. A fully discrete finite element scheme is constructed for the optimal control problem, with finite elements for the spatial but the backward Euler method for the time discretisation. Some superconvergence results of the control, the state and the adjoint state are proved. Some numerical examples are performed to confirm theoretical results.
Comparing the cloud vertical structure derived from several methods based on measured atmospheric profiles and active surface measurements
Authors: Costa-Surós M. , Calbó J. , González J. A. , Long C. N.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The cloud vertical distribution and especially the cloud base height, which is linked to cloud type, is an important characteristic in order to describe the impact of clouds in a changing climate. In this work several methods to estimate the cloud vertical structure (CVS) based on atmospheric sounding profiles are compared, considering number and position of cloud layers, with a ground based system which is taken as a reference: the Active Remote Sensing of Clouds (ARSCL). All methods establish some conditions on the relative humidity, and differ on the use of other variables, the thresholds applied, or the vertical resolution of the profile. In this study these methods are applied to 125 radiosonde profiles acquired at the ARM Southern Great Plains site during all seasons of year 2009 and endorsed by GOES images, to confirm that the cloudiness conditions are homogeneous enough across their trajectory. The overall agreement for the methods ranges between 44–88%; four methods produce total agreements around 85%. Further tests and improvements are applied on one of these methods. In addition, we attempt to make this method suitable for low resolution vertical profiles, which could be useful in atmospheric modeling. The total agreement, even when using low resolution profiles, can be improved up to 91% if the thresholds for a moist layer to become a cloud layer are modified to minimize false negatives with the current data set, thus improving overall agreement.
Predicting the residual aluminum level in water treatment process
Authors: Tomperi J. , Pelo M. , Leiviskä K.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. In water treatment processes, aluminum salts are widely used as coagulation chemical. High dose of aluminum has been proved to be at least a minor health risk and some evidence points out that aluminum could increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Thus it is important to minimize the amount of residual aluminum in drinking water and water used at food industry. In this study, the data of a water treatment plant (WTP) was analyzed and the residual aluminum in drinking water was predicted using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The purpose was to find out which variables affect the amount of residual aluminum and create simple and reliable prediction models which can be used in an early warning system (EWS). Accuracy of ANN and MLR models were compared. The new nonlinear scaling method based on generalized norms and skewness was used to scale all measurement variables to range [−2...+2] before data-analysis and modeling. The effect of data pre-processing was studied by comparing prediction results to ones achieved in an earlier study. Results showed that it is possible to predict the baseline level of residual aluminum in drinking water with a simple model. Variables that affected the most the amount of residual aluminum were among others: raw water temperature, raw water KMnO4 and PAC/KMnO4 (Poly-Aluminum Chloride/Potassium permanganate)-ratio. The accuracies of MLR and ANN models were found to be almost the same. Study also showed that data pre-processing affects to the final prediction result.
Emulation of an ensemble Kalman filter algorithm on a flood wave propagation model
Authors: Barthélémy S. , Ricci S. , Pannekoucke O. , Thual O. , Malaterre P. O.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. This study describes the emulation of an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) algorithm on a 1-D flood wave propagation model. This model is forced at the upstream boundary with a random variable with gaussian statistics and a correlation function in time with gaussian shape. This allows for, in the case without assimilation, the analytical study of the covariance functions of the propagated signal anomaly. This study is validated numerically with an ensemble method. In the case with assimilation with one observation point, where synthetical observations are generated by adding an error to a true state, the dynamic of the background error covariance functions is not straightforward and a numerical approach using an EnKF algorithm is prefered. First, those numerical experiments show that both background error variance and correlation length scale are reduced at the observation point. This reduction of variance and correlation length scale is propagated downstream by the dynamics of the model. Then, it is shown that the application of a Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) algorithm using the background error covariance matrix converged from the EnKF algorithm, provides the same results as the EnKF but with a cheaper computational cost, thus allowing for the use of data assimilation in the context of real time flood forecasting. Moreover it was demonstrated that the reduction of background error correlation length scale and variance at the observation point depends on the error observation statistics. This feature is quantified by abacus built from linear regressions over a limited set of EnKF experiments. These abacus that describe the background error variance and the correlation length scale in the neighboring of the observation point combined with analytical expressions that describe the background error variance and the correlation length scale away from the observation point provide parametrized models for the variance and the correlation length scale. Using this parametrized variance and correlation length scale with a diffusion operator makes it possible to model the converged background error covariance matrix from the EnKF without actually integrating the EnKF algorithm. This method was finally applied to a case with two different observation point with different error statistics. It was shown that the results of this emulated EnKF (EEnKF) in terms of background error variance, correlation length scale and analyzed water level is close to those of the EnKF but with a significantly reduced computational cost.
Unravelling the Ovarian Endometrioma Pathogenesis: “The Long and Winding Road” across the Various Theories
Authors: Viganò Paola , Vanni Valeria S. , Corti Laura , Garavaglia Elisabetta , Tandoi Iacopo , Pagliardini Luca , Somigliana Edgardo , Candiani Massimo
Published: June 2013

Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of endometriotic ovarian cysts. Different and complex theories have been proposed over the years since the description of chocolate cysts by Sampson in 1921. We have herein reviewed findings in support and against the most widely accepted theories. According to the theory of Hughesdson and Brosens, a prerequisite for endometrioma formation seems to be the inversion and progressive invagination of the ovarian cortex after the accumulation of menstrual debris derived from bleeding of superficial endometriotic implants, which are located on the ovarian surface and adherent to the peritoneum. Disproving the metaplasia hypothesis put forward by Donnez and coworkers and supporting the involvement of the ovulation process in the development of ovarian endometriosis, Vercellini and colleagues have recently demonstrated that a cystic corpus luteum may be a transitory step toward endometrioma formation. As these theories are not able to explain the various aspects of endometrioma formation fully, the possibility that the coelomic metaplasia of the ovarian mesothelium with changes into typical endometrial glands and stroma might be responsible for the endometrioma formation cannot be totally ruled out. Further research is needed to clearly elucidate the pathogenetic aspects of endometriotic ovarian cysts.
Treatment of Acute Coagulopathy Associated with Trauma
Authors: Ruiz Carolina , Andresen Max
Published: June 2013

Coagulopathy is frequently present in trauma. It is indicative of the severity of trauma and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Uncontrolled bleeding is the most frequent preventable cause of death in trauma patients reaching hospital alive. Coagulopathy in trauma has been long thought to develop as a result of hemodilution, acidosis, and hypothermia often related to resuscitation practices. However, altered coagulation tests are already present in 25–30% of severe trauma patients upon hospital arrival before resuscitation efforts. Acute coagulopathy associated with trauma (ACoT) has been recognized in recent years as a distinct entity associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and transfusion requirements. Transfusion and nontransfusion strategies aimed at correcting ACoT, particularly in patients with massive bleeding and massive transfusion, are currently available. Early administration of tranexamic acid to bleeding trauma patients safely reduces the risk of death. It has been proposed that early aggressive blood product transfusional management of ACoT with a red blood cell : plasma : platelets ratio close to 1 : 1 : 1 could result in decreased mortality from uncontrolled bleeding.
The Value of Patient Narratives in the Assessment of Older Patients Presenting with Falls
Authors: Wong Carolyn , Hogan David B.
Published: June 2013

Background & PurposeFalls are a common and serious health problem experienced by older persons. The perception and interpretation of the fall experience can influence the long-term consequences of the event. In this pilot study, we explored whether there would be additional value in obtaining a patient narrative as part of the assessment of an older person who had fallen.MethodsWe conducted narrative interviews on a convenience sample of five older patients referred to the Calgary Fall Prevention Clinic (CFPC). Phenomena from the narratives were generated using original audio recordings. A focus group of four CFPC health professionals discussed similarities and differences between the narratives and the CFPC assessments conducted on these subjects without access to the narratives.ResultsPatient narratives revealed additional information about the person’s emotional response to their falls and overall health status, their strengths that could be utilized in implementing a care plan, and what they had done personally to prevent further falls.ConclusionsIncluding patient narratives within standard fall-risk assessments could aid in understanding the emotional impact of falls on older patients and how they might respond to interventions. A challenge would be incorporating this within the time restraints of routine clinical practice.
Aging from a Global Perspective, Fall Narratives and Much More …
Authors: Madden Kenneth
Published: June 2013

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Abstracts from the 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Canadian Geriatrics Society Toronto, April 2013
Authors: Authors Various
Published: June 2013

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Impact of Operating Conditions on Fouling Probability and Cake Height in Ultrafiltration of Latex Solution
Authors: Abdelrasoul Amira , Doan Huu , Lohi Ali
Published: June 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of operating conditions (transmembrane pressure, feed flow rate, and feed concentration) on the fouling attachment probabilities, mass of fouling, and cake height. Polycarbonate flat membrane with a pore size of 0.05 µm was used under a constant feed flow rate and cross-flow mode in ultrafiltration of a latex paint solution. The results obtained indicate that increasing transmembrane pressure from 15 to 45 psi lead to an increase in the particle-to-particle (αpp) and particle-to-membrane (αpm) attachment probabilities from 0.4 to 0.76 and 0.55 to 0.8, respectively. It was observed that both attachment probabilities were significantly decreased when the feed flow rate was increased from 1 to 6 LPM (cross flow velocity from 10.4 to 62.5 cm/s). As a consequence, mass of fouling and cake height were reduced. Increasing the feed concentration from 0.78 to 1.82 kg/m3 resulted in a substantial raise in the cake height from 4.3 to 18.5 µm. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to set up the experimental design. According to regression analysis, two correlation models were obtained in order to predict the fouling attachment probabilities at different operation conditions. Estimated attachment probabilities were used to predict mass of fouling retained by membrane.
Terminologie relative à la conservation de la biodiversité in situ
Authors: Limoges Benoit , Boisseau Gaétane , Gratton Louise , Kasisi Robert
Published: June 2013

Depuis quelques années, nous constatons des différences de signification ainsi qu’une certaine ambiguïté sémantique concernant divers termes liés au domaine de la conservation de la biodiversité in situ. Le sens de ces termes varie en fonction du domaine d’activité, du type d’organisation, voire des valeurs personnelles et culturelles. Force est de constater qu’au final, il en résulte parfois une incompréhension qui peut éventuellement compromettre l’atteinte des objectifs poursuivis. À partir d’une revue de littérature sur des termes tels que conservation, préservation, protection, etc., un groupe de spécialistes de divers horizons a élaboré un lexique composé de définitions relatives à la conservation in situ qui reflètent l’état de l’art dans le domaine. Ce lexique devrait permettre de recadrer et de préciser certains termes usuels et d’en arriver à un sens commun afin de mieux répondre aux impératifs de la conservation de la biodiversité.
Suivi de 3 plantes rares de l’estuaire d’eau douce du Saint-Laurent
Authors: Gilbert Hélène
Published: June 2013

Trois plantes caractéristiques de l’estuaire d’eau douce du Saint-Laurent et en situation précaire ont fait l’objet d’un suivi annuel de 2008 à 2012 : la gentiane de Victorin (Gentianopsis virgata ssp. victorinii), la cicutaire de Victorin (Cicutamaculata var. victorinii) et l’ériocaulon de Parker (Eriocaulon parkeri). Le suivi a été réalisé entre Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures et l’île aux Grues, dans 10 sites où au moins un de ces taxons était présent. Un dénombrement a été effectué systématiquement dans chaque site et chaque année, à l’aide de 20 quadrats de 1 m2. Les comparaisons interannuelles ont révélé des variations très importantes chez la gentiane de Victorin, des années d’abondance exceptionnelle étant suivies d’années de quasi-disparition. Ces variations n’ont pas pu être expliquées clairement au terme des 5 années de suivi. Les populations de cicutaire de Victorin se sont généralement maintenues. Les effectifs de l’ériocaulon de Parker ont subi une baisse significative dans les 2 populations sises les plus près de la limite aval et septentrionale de l’aire de répartition ; quant aux 2 autres populations étudiées, l’une est demeurée stable et l’autre s’est accrue.
Inventaire des macromycètes d’une forêt ancienne de la région du Haut-Saint-Laurent
Authors: Langlois Annabelle , Archambault Raymond , Lebeuf Renée , Turgon Jean-Pierre , McNeil Raymond , Brisson Jacques
Published: June 2013

Malgré l’importance confirmée des listes rouges en tant que source d’information pour la conservation adéquate de la biodiversité et alors que de telles listes détaillées existent déjà pour de nombreux groupes tels que les mammifères ou les oiseaux, aucune liste de macromycètes (champignons supérieurs) en situation précaire n’est encore disponible dans la plupart des régions du monde, y compris au Québec. Les écosystèmes forestiers matures semblent abriter de nombreuses espèces rares et devraient par conséquent être inventoriés avec une attention particulière pour fournir des renseignements de base sur la flore macrofongique québécoise. Notre étude avait donc pour objectif de documenter la diversité des macromycètes présents dans une forêt ancienne. Vingt-deux excursions hebdomadaires ont été effectuées entre juin et octobre 2012 dans un écosystème forestier mature exceptionnel, le Boisé-des-Muir. Un total de 333 espèces de macromycètes y ont été identifiées, dont 7 qui étaient inconnues pour la province de Québec. Les genres Lepiota, Cystolepiota et Leucoagaricus étaient exceptionnellement bien représentés. La grande majorité de ces 333 espèces étaient saprotrophiques, confirmant ainsi l’importance des débris ligneux dans de tels écosystèmes. La sous-représentation des espèces mycorhiziennes, malgré une bonne proportion d’espèces rares, est probablement attribuable aux conditions météorologiques propres à l’année d’échantillonnage. En gardant à l’esprit la prudence avec laquelle de tels inventaires doivent être comparés, la présente étude laisse croire que les forêts feuillues matures du sud du Québec présentent une diversité macrofongique élevée.
Isolation of Primary Cilia by Shear Force
Authors: Mitchell Kimberly A. P.
Published: June 2013

The cell's primary cilium is both a mechanical and chemical sensor involved in many signaling pathways. In order to ascertain protein enrichment in the primary cilium or study sub‐ciliary localization of various proteins, it is advantageous to remove the primary cilium from the cell body. The protocol described here gives detailed instructions on purifying primary cilia by separating them from the cell body using shear force. This simple technique avoids using harsh purification conditions that may affect signaling proteins in the cilium or cause the ciliary membrane to disintegrate. In addition, as the cell body remains mostly intact, contamination of the isolated cilia by proteins from the cell body is minimized. This protocol is ideally suited for isolating cilia from renal cell lines, as primary cilia in these cells grow to greater lengths than in other cell types (up to 50‐µm long in Xenopus A6 toad kidney cells as opposed to 1 to 5 µm in NIH3T3 fibroblast cells). Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 59:3.42.1‐3.42.9. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Increasing Accuracy of Video Quality Ratings through Direction of Attention and Training
Authors: Evans Rochelle E. , Kortum Philip
Published: June 2013

This paper describes the results of two studies undertaken to better understand the strong positive relationship between the content of a video clip and viewers' subjective ratings of the video quality of that clip. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of training on video quality ratings. Experiment 2 assessed the impact of attention in these assessments. Experiment 1 showed that training participants on video quality assessment techniques removed viewers' heuristic reliance on affect while increasing accuracy. Experiment 2 demonstrated that participants' video quality ratings could also be improved by directing their focus of attention. Focusing viewers on quality did not show a moderation of the relationship between content immersion and video quality, as participants maintained high levels of content immersion even when focusing on video quality. Because training and attention increased quality rating accuracy, they could be utilized in video quality testing to improve the viewer feedback received. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially Controlled Delivery of siRNAs to Stem Cells in Implants Generated by Multi‐Component Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Andersen Morten Østergaard , Le Dang Quang Svend , Chen Muwan , Nygaard Jens Vinge , Kassem Moustapha , Bünger Cody , Kjems Jørgen
Published: June 2013

Additive manufacturing is a promising technique in tissue engineering, as it enables truly individualized implants to be made to fit a particular defect. As previously shown, a feasible strategy to produce complex multicellular tissues is to deposit different small interfering RNA (siRNA) in porous implants that are subsequently sutured together. In this study, an additive manufacturing strategy to deposit carbohydrate hydrogels containing different siRNAs is applied into an implant, in a spatially controlled manner. When the obtained structures are seeded with mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells, the selected siRNAs are delivered to the cells and induces specific and localized gene silencing. Here, it is demonstrated how to replicate part of a patient's spinal cord from a computed tomography scan, using an additive manufacturing technique to produce an implant with compartmentalized siRNAs in the locations corresponding to distinct tissue. Hydrogel solutions loaded with different siRNA can be co‐printed together with polycaprolactone that acts as rigid mechanical support to the hydrogel. This study demonstrates a new route for the production of 3D functionalized, individualized implants which may provide great clinical benefit.
Diamond Surfaces with Air‐Stable Negative Electron Affinity and Giant Electron Yield Enhancement
Authors: O'Donnell Kane M. , Edmonds Mark T. , Ristein Juergen , Tadich Anton , Thomsen Lars , Wu Qi‐Hui , Pakes Chris I. , Ley Lothar
Published: June 2013

The presence of an air‐stable negative electron affinity (NEA) on lithium‐covered oxygen‐terminated diamond after a thermal activation process is demonstrated. The NEA is unequivocally established by the onset of photoelectron yield at the bandgap energy of 5.5 eV. This surface exhibits a secondary electron yield enhancement by a factor of 200, compared to a surface with positive electron affinity. The surface chemistry leading to the necessary surface dipole was elucidated by core‐level photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction with previous theoretical calculations. The insensitivity to the details of the deposition process opens a route to practical and robust negative‐electron affinity devices based on diamond.
Characterizing the relationship between in‐hospital measures and workers' compensation outcomes among severely injured construction workers using a data linkage strategy
Authors: Ruestow Peter S. , Friedman Lee S.
Published: June 2013

Background

To characterize the relationship between acute measures of severity and three important workers' compensation outcomes associated with a worker's ability to return to work and the cost of a work‐related injury.

Methods

Probabilistic data linkage of workers' compensation claims made by injured construction workers from 2000 to 2005 with two Illinois medical record registries. Multivariable robust regression models were built to assess the relationship between three in‐hospital measures and three outcomes captured in the Workers' Compensation data.

Results

In the final multivariable models, a categorical increase in injury severity was associated with an extra $7,830 (95% CI: $4,729–$10,930) of monetary compensation awarded, though not with temporary total disability (TTD) or permanent partial disability (PPD). Our models also predicted that every extra day spent in the hospital results in an increase of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.23–0.80) weeks of TTD and an extra $1,248 (95% CI: $810–$1,686) in monetary compensation. Discharge to an intermediate care facility following the initial hospitalization was associated with an increase of 8.15 (95% CI: 4.03–12.28) weeks of TTD and an increase of $23,440 (95% CI: $17,033–$29,847) in monetary compensation.

Conclusions

We were able to link data from the initial hospitalization for an injured worker with the final workers' compensation claims decision or settlement. The in‐hospital measures of injury severity were associated with total monetary compensation as captured in the workers' compensation process. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1149–1156, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical rhinometry in nonallergic irritant rhinitis: a capsaicin challenge study
Authors: Lambert Elton M. , Patel Chirag B. , Fakhri Samer , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber
Published: June 2013

Background

Patients with nonallergic irritant rhinitis (NAIR) have symptoms of nasal congestion, nasal irritation, rhinorrhea, and sneezing in response to nasal irritants. We currently have no reliable objective means to quantify these patients’ subjective symptoms. In this study, we used the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) receptor agonist, capsaicin, as an intranasal challenge while comparing the changes in blood flow with optical rhinometry between subjects with NAIR and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

Six HCs and 6 NAIR subjects were challenged intranasally with saline solution followed by increasing concentrations of capsaicin (0.005 mM, 0.05 mM, and 0.5 mM) at 15‐minute intervals. We recorded maximum optical density (OD) and numeric analog scores (NAS) for nasal congestion, nasal irritation, rhinorrhea, and sneezing for each subject after each challenge. Correlations between NAS and maximum OD were calculated.

Results

Maximum OD increased with increasing concentrations of intranasal capsaicin in NAIR subjects. There were significant differences in maximum OD obtained for 0.05 mM and 0.5 mM capsaicin between NAIR subjects and HCs. Significant differences were found in the NAS for nasal irritation at 0.005 mM, 0.05 mM, and 0.5 mM, and nasal congestion at 0.5 mM. Correlation between maximum OD and mean NAS was most significant for 0.05 mM capsaicin.

Conclusion

Optical rhinometry with intranasal capsaicin challenge could prove a viable option in the diagnosis of NAIR. Further studies will investigate its use to monitor a patient's response to pharmacologic therapy and provide further information about the underlying mechanisms of NAIR.
Acetazolamide for high intracranial pressure cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Illing Elisa , Riley Kristen O. , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: June 2013

Background

Acetazolamide has become a standard treatment for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks associated with intracranial hypertension. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acetazolamide at decreasing elevated CSF pressure in this patient population.

Methods

Prospective evaluation and data collection of high intracranial pressure CSF leaks was performed. Subjects underwent CSF diversion and postoperative assessment of pressure changes via a standard protocol. Lumbar drains or ventriculostomies were clamped on postoperative day 2 for 4 hours prior to assessment with a manometer. Acetazolamide (500 mg) was administered orally immediately following the recording and CSF pressure was measured after 4 hours. Data regarding demographics, etiology of CSF leak, body mass index (BMI), location and size of defect, and clinical follow‐up were also collected.

Results

Thirty‐six patients (average age 50 years) with 42 CSF leaks (39 spontaneous, 3 traumatic) and an average BMI of 36.1 were evaluated. Success rate of primary repair was 94.4%, but all patients were effectively sealed with subsequent endoscopic reconstruction (average 80 weeks follow‐up). Intracranial pressure (cm H2O) via lumbar puncture or ventriculostomy (n = 2) after clamping was 32.0 ± 7.4. Administration of acetazolamide significantly decreased intracranial pressure to 21.9 ± 7.5 in the 4–6 hour time frame studied (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study provides some of the first direct evidence of decreased intracranial pressure associated with the oral administration of acetazolamide. In combination with the excellent endoscopic repair outcomes noted in a high risk population, this evidence supports the routine use of acetazolamide in patients with high intracranial pressure CSF leaks.
Porous and spherical hydroxyapatite microcomposites for immunoglobulin G adsorption
Authors: Akkaya Birnur
Published: June 2013

A novel porous and spherical hydroxyapatite (HA) microcomposite with an average diameter of 50–100 μm was produced by suspension polymerization for the adsorption of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). The specific surface area of the pure HA and HA microcomposite were found to be 80.25 and 182.53 m2/g, respectively. Characterizations were performed with X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The swelling ratio of the spherical HA microcomposites was 170%. The maximum adsorption of IgG from aqueous solution was observed at pH 7.0 (5 mM phosphate buffer) and at 45°C in a batch system in which parallel separate experiments were performed independently. An IgG adsorption capacity value of up to 140 mg/g was obtained for the HA microcomposite. The IgG molecules could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed through the use of spherical microcomposites without a noticeable loss in the IgG adsorption capacity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2764–2771, 2013
Hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste bottles in the presence of dual functional phase transfer catalysts
Authors: Zhang Lirong , Gao Jie , Zou Jianzhong , Yi Fengping
Published: June 2013

The hydrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) obtained from waste bottles was studied. The dual functional phase transfer catalyst [(CH3)3N(C16H33)]3[PW12O40] exhibited outstanding catalytic activity to the hydrolysis of PET. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to confirm the main product terephthalic acid (TPA) of hydrolysis. The effects of temperature, time, particle size of PET and dosage of catalyst on hydrolysis reaction were examined. Under the optimum conditions of reaction temperature 145°C, time 2 h, particle size of PET at 0.5–1 mm and dosage of catalyst at 7 wt %, the conversion of PET and the yield of TPA were almost 100% and 93%, respectively. After easily separated from the product, the catalyst could be reused more than three times without obvious decrease in the conversion of PET and yield of TPA. An economical and convenient process was developed for hydrolysis of PET. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2790–2795, 2013
Participation in asynchronous online discussion forums does improve student learning of gross anatomy
Authors: Green Rodney A. , Farchione Davide , Hughes Diane L. , Chan Siew‐Pang
Published: June 2013

Asynchronous online discussion forums are common in blended learning models and are popular with students. A previous report has suggested that participation in these forums may assist student learning in a gross anatomy subject but it was unclear as to whether more academically able students post more often or whether participation led to improved learning outcomes. This study used a path model to analyze the contribution of forum participation, previous academic ability, and student campus of enrolment to final marks in a multicampus gross anatomy course for physiotherapy students. The course has a substantial online learning management system (LMS) that incorporates asynchronous forums as a learning tool, particularly to answer learning objectives. Students were encouraged to post new threads and answer queries in threads started by others. The forums were moderated weekly by staff. Discussion forums were the most used feature of the LMS site with 31,920 hits. Forty‐eight percent of the students posted at least once with 186 threads initiated by students and a total of 608 posts. The total number of posts made a significant direct contribution to final mark (P = 0.008) as did previous academic ability (P = 0.002). Although campus did not contribute to final mark, there was a trend for students at the campus where the course coordinator was situated to post more often than those at the other campus (P = 0.073). These results indicate that asynchronous online discussion forums can be an effective tool for improving student learning outcomes as evidenced by final marks in gross anatomy teaching. Anat Sci Educ. 7: 71–76. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
An emotion‐based model of negation, intensifiers, and modality for polarity and intensity classification
Authors: Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Jorge , Plaza Laura
Published: June 2013

Negation, intensifiers, and modality are common linguistic constructions that may modify the emotional meaning of the text and therefore need to be taken into consideration in sentiment analysis. Negation is usually considered as a polarity shifter, whereas intensifiers are regarded as amplifiers or diminishers of the strength of such polarity. Modality, in turn, has only been addressed in a very naïve fashion, so that modal forms are treated as polarity blockers. However, processing these constructions as mere polarity modifiers may be adequate for polarity classification, but it is not enough for more complex tasks (e.g., intensity classification), for which a more fine‐grained model based on emotions is needed. In this work, we study the effect of modifiers on the emotions affected by them and propose a model of negation, intensifiers, and modality especially conceived for sentiment analysis tasks. We compare our emotion‐based strategy with two traditional approaches based on polar expressions and find that representing the text as a set of emotions increases accuracy in different classification tasks and that this representation allows for a more accurate modeling of modifiers that results in further classification improvements. We also study the most common uses of modifiers in opinionated texts and quantify their impact in polarity and intensity classification. Finally, we analyze the joint effect of emotional modifiers and find that interesting synergies exist between them.