bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Thought in Europe, 1250–1450
Authors: Black Antony
Published: June 2012

Why did European civilisation develop as it did? Why was it so different from that of Russia, the Islamic world and elsewhere? In this new textbook Antony Black explores some of the reasons, looking at ideas of the state, law, rulership, representation of the community, and the right to self-administration, and how, during a crucial period these became embedded in people's self-awareness, and articulated and justified by theorists. This is the first concise overview of a period never previously treated satisfactorily as a whole: Dr Black uses the analytical tools of scholars such as Pocock and Skinner to set the work of political theorists in the context of both contemporary politics and the longer-term history of political ideas. The book provides students of both medieval history and political thought with an accessible and lucid introduction to the early development of certain ideas fundamental to the organisation of the modern world and contains a full bibliography to assist students wishing to pursue the subject in greater depth.
Gases, Liquids and Solids
Authors: Tabor D.
Published: June 2012

This is now the third edition of a well established and highly successful undergraduate text. The content of the second edition has been reworked and added to where necessary, and completely new material has also been included. There are new sections on amorphous solids and liquid crystals, and completely new chapters on colloids and polymers. Using unsophisticated mathematics and simple models, Professor Tabor leads the reader skilfully and systematically from the basic physics of interatomic and intermolecular forces, temperature, heat and thermodynamics, to a coherent understanding of the bulk properties of gases, liquids and solids. The introductory material on intermolecular forces and on heat and thermodynamics is followed by several chapters dealing with the properties of ideal and real gases, both at an elementary and at a more sophisticated level. The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of solids are considered next, before an examination of the liquid state. The author continues with chapters on colloids and polymers, and ends with a discussion of the dielectric and magnetic properties of matter in terms of simple atomic models. The abiding theme is that all these macroscopic material properties can be understood as resulting from the competition between thermal energy and intermolecular or interatomic forces. This is a lucid textbook which will continue to provide students of physics and chemistry with a comprehensive and integrated view of the properties of matter in all its many fascinating forms.
The Church in Western Europe from the Tenth to the Early Twelfth Century
Authors: Tellenbach Gerd
Published: June 2012

This comprehensive survey of the history of the Church in Western Europe, considers the Church both as a set of institutions and as a spiritual body. The first half concentrates on the structures of religious belief and practice in the period 900–1050; the second half concentrates on the revolutionary changes associated with the rise of the papacy to an ascended level of ruler-ship. It shows how far one can talk of a 'reform movement', and how the idea and ideal of papal monarchy became both the prisoner and the leader of those who sought for a renewal of Christian life. Tellenbach's survey is the work of a scholar who has been working in the field for over 60 years. It is characterised by the freshness and maturity of its judgments, which cut through many fashionable theories. No other work on this topic offers comparable range, depth and authority.
Introductory Microbiology
Authors: Heritage J. , Evans E. G. V. , Killington R. A.
Published: June 2012

The authors present a basic and accessible introduction to the world of microbiology. In three sections, this book provides both a foundation and overview of the subject. In the first section, 'Microbial Structure and Mode of Life', the structure and functioning of fungi, bacteria and viruses are discussed (with particular attention being paid to their description and discussion of their reproduction and nutrition). The second section, 'Handling Microbes' introduces the methods used to culture, control and study these organisms in the laboratory. The final section covers the 'Isolation, Classification and Identification of Microbes'. This book is essential reading for anyone becoming interested in this subject, whether it be 6th form students, their teachers, or undergraduates.
Understanding Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Jacobs Adam
Published: June 2012

An understanding of organic reaction mechanisms is an essential part of any undergraduate chemistry course. This book describes the principles that govern chemical reactivity, and shows how these principles can be used to make predictions about the mechanisms and outcomes of chemical reactions. Molecular orbital theory is used to provide up-to-date explanations of chemical reactivity, in an entirely non-mathematical approach suited to organic chemists. A valuable section explains the use of curly arrows, vital for describing reaction mechanisms. A whole chapter is devoted to exploring the thought processes involved in predicting the mechanisms of unfamiliar reactions. Each chapter is followed by a summary of the important points and a selection of problems to help the reader make sure that the material in that chapter has been assimilated. The book concludes with a comprehensive glossary of technical terms. This text will be of valuable for first- and second-year chemistry undergraduates studying organic chemistry.
Public Economics
Authors: Myles Gareth D.
Published: June 2012

This textbook provides a thorough treatment of all the central topics in public economics. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students, it will also be invaluable to professional economists and to those teaching in the field. The book is entirely self-contained, giving all the equilibrium theory and welfare economics needed to understand the analyses. The author covers the Arrow-Debreu economy, welfare economics and the measurement of inequality and poverty which lay the foundations and emphasise the important role played by information. Within the competitive economy, he examines commodity taxation, income taxation and tax reform in a certain environment. He goes on to study the public economics of uncertainty, and then treats public goods, externalities, imperfect competition and tax evasion as departures from the standard competitive assumptions and looks at their implication for public economics derived.
Children, Childhood and English Society, 1880–1990
Authors: Hendrick Harry
Published: June 2012

This book is intended to be a guide to the burgeoning literature on the history of childhood. Harry Hendrick reviews the most important debates and the main findings of a number of historians on a range of topics including the changing social constructions of childhood, child-parent relations, social policy, schooling, leisure and the thesis that modern childhood is 'disappearing'. The intention of this concise study is to provide readers with a reliable account of the evolution of some of the most important developments in adult-child relations during the last one hundred years. The author draws his material not only from historians but also from sociologists, anthropologists, psychologists and children's rights activists. Thus he successfully shows how much of our 'modern' understanding of childhood and of children results from both an historical and a social scientific understanding.
Gregory the Great and his World
Authors: Markus R. A.
Published: June 2012

Markus's new and accessible work is the first full study of Gregory the Great since that of F. H. Dudden (1905) to deal with both Gregory's life and work as well as with his thought and spirituality. With his command of Gregory's works, Markus portrays vividly the daily problems of one of the most attractive characters of the age. Gregory's culture is described in the context of the late Roman educational background and in the context of previous patristic tradition. Markus seeks to understand Gregory as a cultivated late Roman aristocrat converted to the ascetic ideal, caught in the tension between his attraction to the monastic vocation and his episcopal ministry, at a time of catastrophic change in the Roman world. The book deals with every aspect of his pontificate: as bishop of Rome, as landlord of the Church lands, in his relations to the Empire, and to the Western Germanic kingdoms in Spain, Gaul, and, especially, his mission to the English.
Commutative Ring Theory
Authors: Matsumura H.
Published: June 2012

In addition to being an interesting and profound subject in its own right, commutative ring theory is important as a foundation for algebraic geometry and complex analytical geometry. Matsumura covers the basic material, including dimension theory, depth, Cohen-Macaulay rings, Gorenstein rings, Krull rings and valuation rings. More advanced topics such as Ratliff's theorems on chains of prime ideals are also explored. The work is essentially self-contained, the only prerequisite being a sound knowledge of modern algebra, yet the reader is taken to the frontiers of the subject. Exercises are provided at the end of each section and solutions or hints to some of them are given at the end of the book.
The Search for a Naturalistic World View
Authors: Shimony Abner
Published: June 2012

Abner Shimony an eminent philosopher of science, whose work has exerted a profound influence in both the philosophy and physics communities. This two-volume collection of his essays written over a period of forty years explores the interrelations between science and philosophy. Shimony regards the knowing subject as an entity in nature whose faculties must be studied from the points of view of evolutionary biology and empirical psychology. He maintains that the twentieth century is one of the great ages of metaphysics, given the deep implications of quantum mechanics, relativity theory, and molecular biology. The first volume, Scientific Method and Epistemology, deals with the dialectic of subject and object, epistemic probability, induction and scientific theories, perception and conception, and fact and values. The focus of the second volume, Natural Sciences and Metaphysics, is on quantum mechanical measurement and non-locality, parts and wholes, time, and mind and matter.
Reading the Book of Nature
Authors: Kosso Peter
Published: June 2012

This is an introductory survey to the philosophy of science suitable for beginners and nonspecialists. Its point of departure is the question: why should we believe what science tells us about the world? In this attempt to justify the claims of science the book treats such topics as observation data, confirmation of theories, and the explanation of phenomena. The writing is clear and concrete with detailed examples drawn from contemporary science: solar neutrinos, the gravitational bending of light, and the creation/evolution debate, for example. What emerges is a view of science in which observation relies on theory to give it meaning and credibility, while theory relies on observation for its motivation and validation.
Categories for Types
Authors: Crole Roy L.
Published: June 2012

This textbook explains the basic principles of categorical type theory and the techniques used to derive categorical semantics for specific type theories. It introduces the reader to ordered set theory, lattices and domains, and this material provides plenty of examples for an introduction to category theory. which covers categories, functors, natural transformations, the Yoneda lemma, cartesian closed categories, limits, adjunctions and indexed categories. Four kinds of formal system are considered in detail, namely algebraic, functional, polymorphic functional, and higher order polymorphic functional type theory. For each of these the categorical semantics are derived and results about the type systems are proved categorically. Issues of soundness and completeness are also considered. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates, this book will be of interest to theoretical computer scientists, logicians and mathematicians specialising in category theory.
Algorithmic Geometry
Authors: Boissonnat Jean-Daniel , Yvinec Mariette
Published: June 2012

The design and analysis of geometric algorithms have seen remarkable growth in recent years, due to their application in, for example, computer vision, graphics, medical imaging and CAD. The goals of this book are twofold: first to provide a coherent and systematic treatment of the foundations; secondly to present algorithmic solutions that are amenable to rigorous analysis and are efficient in practical situations. When possible, the algorithms are presented in their most general d-dimensional setting. Specific developments are given for the 2- or 3-dimensional cases when this results in significant improvements. The presentation is confined to Euclidean affine geometry, though the authors indicate whenever the treatment can be extended to curves and surfaces. The prerequisites for using the book are few, which will make it ideal for teaching advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate courses in computational geometry.
Persons and Bodies
Authors: Baker Lynne Rudder
Published: June 2012

What is a human person, and what is the relation between a person and his or her body? In her third book on the philosophy of mind, Lynne Rudder Baker investigates what she terms the person/body problem and offers a detailed account of the relation between human persons and their bodies. Baker's argument is based on the 'Constitution View' of persons and bodies, which aims to show what distinguishes persons from all other beings and to show how we can be fully material beings without being identical to our bodies. The Constitution View yields answers to the questions 'What am I most fundamentally?', 'What is a person?', and 'What is the relation between human persons and their bodies'? Baker argues that the complex mental property of first-person perspective enables one to conceive of one's body and mental states as one's own.
An Education of Value
Authors: Lazerson Marvin , McLaughlin Judith Block , McPherson Bruce , Bailey Stephen K.
Published: June 2012

An Education of Value is about the problems involved in reforming American schools - in the past and in the decades to come. The authors consider the historical, political, and philosophical tensions between the perennial twin goals of American education: equality and excellence. They discuss the necessary preconditions for enduring progress: enhancing the conditions of teaching, improving the education and re-education of teachers, rethinking the curriculum, developing learning through the use of computers, and strengthening the leadership of schools. The issues raised in this book concern every modern society, and the authors' ideas will challenge a wide audience.
Rousing Minds to Life
Authors: Tharp Roland G. , Gallimore Ronald
Published: June 2012

Addressing widespread discontent with contemporary schooling, Roland Tharp and Ronald Gallimore develop a unified theory of education and offer a prescription: the reconstitution of schools as 'educating societies'. Drawing on studies from the family nursery through the university seminar, and on their own successful experiences with thousands of students over two decades, their theory is firmly based in a culture-sensitive devellopmental psychology but seeks to integrate all the recent work in the Vygotskian tradition with basic concepts in cognitive science, anthropology, and sociolinguistics. One of the authors' primary resources is the Kamehameha Elementary Education Program (KEEP), generally regarded as the world's outstanding research and development program for elementary schooling.
Understanding Action
Authors: Schick Frederic
Published: June 2012

This is an important new book about human motivation, about the reasons people have for their actions. What is distinctively new about it is its focus on how people see or understand their situations, options, and prospects. By taking account of people's understandings (along with their beliefs and desires), Professor Schick is able to expand the current theory of decision and action. The author provides a perspective on the topic by outlining its history. He defends his new theory against criticism, considers its formal structure, and shows at length how it resolves many currently debated problems: the problems of conflict and weakness of will, Allais' problem, Kahneman and Tversky's problems, Newcomb's problem, and others. The book will be of special interest to philosophers, psychologists, and economists.
Geometry from a Differentiable Viewpoint
Authors: McCleary John
Published: June 2012

Differential geometry has developed in many directions since its beginnings with Euler and Gauss. This often poses a problem for undergraduates: which direction should be followed? What do these ideas have to do with geometry? This book is designed to make differential geometry an approachable subject for advanced undergraduates. The text serves as both an introduction to the classical differential geometry of curves and surfaces and as a history of the non-Euclidean plane. The book begins with the theorems of non-Euclidean geometry, then introduces the methods of differential geometry and develops them towards the goal of constructing models of the hyperbolic plane. Interesting diversions are offered, such as Huygens' pendulum clock and mathematical cartography; however, the focus of the book is on the models of non-Euclidean geometry and the modern ideas of abstract surfaces and manifolds. Although the main use of this text is as an advanced undergraduate course book, the historical aspect of the text should appeal to most mathematicians.
Experimental Methods
Authors: Friedman Daniel , Sunder Shyam
Published: June 2012

Experimental economics is a rapidly growing field of inquiry, and there currently exist several textbooks and surveys describing the results of laboratory experiments in economics. This primer, however, is the first hands-on guide to the physical aspects of actually conducting experiments in economics. It tells researchers, teachers and students in economics how to deal with human subjects, how to design meaningful laboratory environments, how to design experiments, how to conduct experiments and how to analyse and report the data. It also deals with methodological issues. It can be used to structure an undergraduate or graduate course in experimental economics.
Forging Industrial Policy
Authors: Dobbin Frank
Published: June 2012

The United States, France and Britain use markedly different kinds of industrial policies to foster economic growth today. To understand the origins of these different policies, this book examines the evolution of public policies governing one of the first modern industries, the railroads. The author challenges conventional thinking in economics, political science and sociology by arguing that cultural meaning plays an important role in the development of purportedly rational policies designed to promote industrial growth. This book has implications for the study of rational institutions of all sorts, including science, management and economics, as well as for the study of culture.
Viscous Flow
Authors: Ockendon H. , Ockendon J. R.
Published: June 2012

Many of the topics in inviscid fluid dynamics are not only vitally important mechanisms in everyday life but they are also readily observable without any need for instrumentation. It is therefore stimulating when the mathematics that emerges when these phenomena are modelled is novel and suggestive of alternative methodologies. This book provides senior undergraduates who are already familiar with inviscid fluid dynamics with some of the basic facts about the modelling and analysis of viscous flows. It clearly presents the salient physical ideas and the mathematical ramifications with exercises designed to be an integral part of the text. By showing the basic theoretical framework which has developed as a result of the study of viscous flows, the book should be ideal reading for students of applied mathematics who should then be able to delve further into the subject and be well placed to exploit mathematical ideas throughout the whole of applied science.
Basic Abstract Algebra
Authors: Bhattacharya P. B. , Jain S. K. , Nagpaul S. R.
Published: June 2012

This book represents a complete course in abstract algebra, providing instructors with flexibility in the selection of topics to be taught in individual classes. All the topics presented are discussed in a direct and detailed manner. Throughout the text, complete proofs have been given for all theorems without glossing over significant details or leaving important theorems as exercises. The book contains many examples fully worked out and a variety of problems for practice and challenge. Solutions to the odd-numbered problems are provided at the end of the book. This new edition contains an introduction to lattices, a new chapter on tensor products and a discussion of the new (1993) approach to the celebrated Lasker–Noether theorem. In addition, there are over 100 new problems and examples, particularly aimed at relating abstract concepts to concrete situations.
Democratic Experiments in Africa
Authors: Bratton Michael , Walle Nicholas van de
Published: June 2012

Between 1989 and 1994, 41 out of 47 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa underwent significant political reform, including in many cases the first competitive elections in a generation. How can this wave of political liberalization be explained? Why did some countries complete a democratic transition, while others could not sustain more than limited political reform and others still suffered authoritarian reversals? What are the long term prospects for democracy in Africa? This study constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of democratic transitions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using an original data set they assembled, the authors demonstrate that economic and international forces often provided the context in which political liberalization occurred, but cannot by themselves explain the observed outcomes. Instead, the authors develop a political-institutional theoretical framework in which the distinctive political traditions of Africa's neopatrimonial states are shown to have powerfully shaped the regime transitions.
Solar System Dynamics
Authors: Murray Carl D. , Dermott Stanley F.
Published: June 2012

The Solar System is a complex and fascinating dynamical system. This is the first textbook to describe comprehensively the dynamical features of the Solar System and to provide students with all the mathematical tools and physical models they need to understand how it works. It is a benchmark publication in the field of planetary dynamics and destined to become a classic. Clearly written and well illustrated, Solar System Dynamics shows how a basic knowledge of the two- and three-body problems and perturbation theory can be combined to understand features as diverse as the tidal heating of Jupiter's moon Io, the origin of the Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt, and the radial structure of Saturn's rings. Problems at the end of each chapter and a free Internet Mathematica® software package are provided. Solar System Dynamics provides an authoritative textbook for courses on planetary dynamics and celestial mechanics. It also equips students with the mathematical tools to tackle broader courses on dynamics, dynamical systems, applications of chaos theory and non-linear dynamics.
The Political Economy of Dictatorship
Authors: Wintrobe Ronald
Published: June 2012

Although much of the world still lives today, as always, under dictatorship, the behaviour of these regimes and of their leaders often appears irrational and mysterious. In The Political Economy of Dictatorship, Ronald Wintrobe uses rational choice theory to model dictatorships: their strategies for accumulating power, the constraints on their behavior, and why they are often more popular than is commonly accepted. The book explores both the politics and the economics of dictatorships, and the interaction between them. The questions addressed include: What determines the repressiveness of a regime? Can political authoritarianism be 'good' for the economy? After the fall, who should be held responsible for crimes against human rights? The book contains many applications, including chapters on Nazi Germany, Soviet Communism, South Africa under apartheid, the ancient Roman Empire and Pinochet's Chile. It also provides a guide to the policies which should be followed by the democracies towards dictatorships.
The wiggling trajectories of bacteria
Authors: Hyon Yunkyong , Marcos  , Powers Thomas R. , Stocker Roman , Fu Henry C.
Published: June 2012

Many motile bacteria display wiggling trajectories, which correspond to helical swimming paths. Wiggling trajectories result from flagella pushing off-axis relative to the cell body and making the cell wobble. The spatial extent of wiggling trajectories is controlled by the swimming velocity and flagellar torque, which leads to rotation of the cell body. We employ the method of regularized stokeslets to investigate the wiggling trajectories produced by flagellar bundles, which can form at many locations and orientations relative to the cell body for peritrichously flagellated bacteria. Modelling the bundle as a rigid helix with fixed position and orientation relative to the cell body, we show that the wiggling trajectory depends on the position and orientation of the flagellar bundle relative to the cell body. We observe and quantify the helical wiggling trajectories ofBacillus subtilis, which show a wide range of trajectory pitches and radii, many with pitch larger than 4 $\lrm{\ensuremath{\mu}} \mathrm{m} $. For this bacterium, we show that flagellar bundles with fixed orientation relative to the cell body are unlikely to produce wiggling trajectories with pitch larger than 4 $\lrm{\ensuremath{\mu}} \mathrm{m} $. An estimate based on torque balance shows that this constraint on pitch is a result of the large torque exerted by the flagellar bundle. On the other hand, multiple rigid bundles with fixed orientation, similar to those recently observed experimentally, are able to produce wiggling trajectories with large pitches.
Attributional Style and Self-Efficacy in Singaporean Adolescents
Authors: Yeo Lay See , Tan Kayce
Published: June 2012

This investigation examined the relationship between adolescent students’ attributional style and their perceived academic self-efficacy using the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) (Seligman et al., 1984) and Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self Efficacy (Bandura, 1989). Attributional style, defined as the way in which people explain events (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978), is represented by three dimensions: permanence, pervasiveness, and personalisation. Statistically significant differences were observed between attributional style for gender and academic streams. Females were more optimistic and hopeful than males. They attributed permanence to good events, but assumed personal responsibility for bad events. Males displayed a more negative attributional style, perceiving negative events as permanent and pervasive. Higher-ability students reported greater optimism about their future compared to their lower-ability students. No gender and ability differences were found for academic self-efficacy. Students’ attributional style was positively associated with their efficacy for self-regulated learning. Findings were interpreted in terms of educational implications and student empowerment, with suggestions made for future studies.
High School Anti-Bullying Interventions: An Evaluation of Curriculum Approaches and the Method Of Shared Concern in Four Hong Kong International Schools
Authors: Wurf Gerald
Published: June 2012

The challenge for high schools to adopt effective measures to reduce bullying has been underscored by international media coverage highlighting the consequences of school bullying. Despite whole-school anti-bullying programs being accepted as the best evidence-based approaches to intervention, research continues to yield ambiguous findings, and only a limited number of studies have been conducted in secondary schools to systematically evaluate the components of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions in four international secondary schools in Hong Kong. Schools were randomly assigned to: (a) a whole-school intervention, (b) a curriculum and Shared Concern intervention at Year 7, (c) a Shared Concern intervention at Year 7 and (d) a control school. Year 7 students in the four schools anonymously completed a bullying questionnaire at the beginning (N = 545) and end of the school year (N = 549). A highly significant main effect for schools was found between pre-test and post-test composite bullying scores (F = 7.70, p < .001). Results showed the most significant reductions occurred when a whole-school intervention was used (F = 10.73, p < .001). The research provides strong support for use of whole-school preventative/management interventions and the effective components of this approach are discussed.
Grade Repetition in Queensland State Prep Classes
Authors: Anderson Robyn
Published: June 2012

The current study considers grade repetition rates in the early years of schooling in Queensland state schools with specific focus on the pre-schooling year, Prep. In particular, it provides empirical evidence of grade repetition in Queensland state schools along with groups of students who are more often repeated. At the same time, much of the educational research literature, drawn mainly from the United States, argues that grade repetition has limited, long-term value and may be harmful (Jimerson, 2001, 2004). Little is known about grade repetition rates or the groups of children who may be repeated in Australian schools as almost all research on grade repetition has been done overseas. To better understand grade repetition in Australia, the study draws on data from the Queensland Government's Department of Education and Training (DET), which looks specifically at grade repetition rates in Queensland state schools. While grade repetition rates remain low in Queensland states schools, the possible negative academic, social and emotional consequences for students who are repeated warrants serious re-evaluation of this long-term, early intervention practice in Australian schools. An alternative strategy would include promotion of all students to the next year level with a range of interventions to enable groups of low achieving students meet minimum national standards.
Accessibility to NAPLAN Assessments for Students With Disabilities: A ‘Fair Go’
Authors: Davies Michael
Published: June 2012

A National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) that requires assessment of all students in Years 3, 5, 7, and 9 is now firmly established on the Australian educational landscape. Australian legislation and policies promote inclusive assessments for all; however, in relation to NAPLAN, almost 5% of students, many of whom have disabilities, are either exempt or withdrawn. Those students with disabilities that are assessed are provided only basic testing accommodations under special considerations, and the achievement levels of these students are not accurately benchmarked. Lessons from experiences in the United States can assist in the development of a more effective and inclusive assessment regime. A range of strategies, including testing accommodations and modifications, needs to be applied to ensure access to NAPLAN assessment for all students.
TRIBUNAL JUSTICE AND PROPORTIONATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: Elliott Mark , Thomas Robert
Published: June 2012

The tribunals system in England and Wales has been transformed by the entry into force of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007; among other things, tribunals are now located more firmly and explicitly than ever before within the judicial branch. Questions concerning the relationship between tribunals and regular courts fall to be confronted afresh within this new institutional landscape. Those questions form the focus of this article, which is particularly concerned with the issue recently considered by the Supreme Court in Cart whether, and if so to what extent, decisions taken within the tribunals system (by the Upper Tribunal) should be susceptible to judicial review by the High Court. In Cart, emphasis was placed upon the concept of “proportionate dispute resolution” as a means by which to delimit regular courts' oversight of tribunals' decisions, raising fundamental questions both of legal doctrine (relating to the relevance of the orthodox doctrinal tools of administrative law) and legal policy (concerning the degree of error on the part of a tribunal that a higher court should tolerate in the interests of the efficient, or proportionate, use of judicial resources).
PROTECTING THE PROPERTY OF THE MENTALLY ILL: THE JUDICIAL SOLUTION IN NINETEENTH CENTURY LUNACY LAW
Authors: Stebbings Chantal
Published: June 2012

The modern legal framework for the protection of the mentally ill was conceived and developed in the nineteenth century. A substantial growth in the numbers of the mentally ill revealed an absence of effective and accessible legal protection for the property of patients with small estates. This challenge was met through the retention and reform of the ancient jurisdiction of the Lord Chancellor in the Lunacy Court as the sole instrument of protection. The judicial solution was adopted in preference to bureaucratic regulation, despite the strong forces of state intervention and the reform of the legal system and its processes.
Use of the Patient Concerns Inventory to identify speech and swallowing concerns following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Ghazali N , Kanatas A , Scott B , Lowe D , Zuydam A , Rogers S N
Published: June 2012

Background and aims:

The Patient Concerns Inventory is a holistic, self-reported screening tool for detecting unmet needs in head and neck cancer patients. This study aimed to assess its value in screening for self-perceived swallowing and speech concerns, and in facilitating multidisciplinary supportive care.

Methods:

The Patient Concerns Inventory and the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire were completed by 204 post-treatment patients attending routine out-patient review clinics, and those with speech or swallowing issues were identified.

Results:

Swallowing and speech issues were respectively reported by 21 and 7 per cent of University of Washington questionnaire respondents and by 17 and 13 per cent of Patient Concerns Inventory respondents. The two surveys combined indicated that speech or swallowing issues arose in 39 per cent of consultations (n = 178), involving 48 per cent of patients (n = 97). Of these 97 patients, 74 were known to the speech and language therapist. The remaining 23 patients had their concerns discussed in the clinic; three were referred on, and were assessed by the speech and language therapist and given appropriate interventions.

Conclusion:

The use of both surveys concurrently enabled all patients with swallowing or speech issues to discuss these concerns in the clinic and to access appropriate multidisciplinary interventions.
Locke on the Irrelevance of the Soul
Authors: Waldow Anik
Published: June 2012

Commentators usually agree that Locke's discussion of thinking matter is intended to undermine the plausibility of the belief in the existence of the soul. In this paper I argue that, instead of trying to reveal the implausibility of this belief, Locke seeks to rid the concept of the soul of its traditional cognitive and moral functions in order to render references to the soul redundant in philosophical explanations of the nature of human beings and their place in the world. On this reading, the driving force behind Locke's discussion is not a sceptical problem posed by the impossibility of proving the existence of the soul, but the wish to maximize the ability of limited creatures such as ourselves to engage positively with their lives in the here and now. Locke's experience-focused philosophy will here present itself as a position with significant moral implications.
Prosthetic gestures: How the tool shapes the mind
Authors: Malafouris Lambros
Published: June 2012

I agree with Vaesen that it is a mistake to discard tool use as a hallmark of human cognition. I contend, nonetheless, that tools are not simply external markers of a distinctive human mental architecture. Rather, they actively and meaningfully participate in the process by which hominin brains and bodies make up their sapient minds.
Can object affordances impact on human social learning of tool use?
Authors: Jacquet Pierre O. , Tessari Alessia , Binkofski Ferdinand , Borghi Anna M.
Published: June 2012

The author describes “higher” and “uniquely human” sociocognitive skills that he argues as being necessary for tool use. We propose that those skills could be based on simpler detection systems humans could share with other animal tool users. More specifically, we discuss the impact of object affordances on the understanding and the social learning of tool use.
Own-language use in language teaching and learning
Authors: Hall Graham , Cook Guy
Published: June 2012

Until recently, the assumption of the language-teaching literature has been that new languages are best taught and learned monolingually, without the use of the students’ own language(s). In recent years, however, this monolingual assumption has been increasingly questioned, and a re-evaluation of teaching that relates the language being taught to the students’ own language has begun. This article surveys the developing English language literature on the role of students’ own language(s) in the language classroom. After clarifying key terms, the paper charts the continuing widespread use of students’ own languages in classrooms around the world and the contemporary academic and societal trends which have led to a revival of support for this. It then explores key arguments which underpin this revival, and reviews a range of empirical studies which examine the extent and functions of own-language use within language classrooms. Next, the article examines the support for own-language use that a range of theoretical frameworks provide, including psycholinguistic and cognitive approaches, general learning theory and sociocultural approaches. Having explored the notion of ‘optimal’ in-class own-language use, the article then reviews research into teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards own-language use. It concludes by examining how a bilingual approach to language teaching and learning might be implemented in practice.
Language Awareness in language learning and teaching: A research agenda
Authors: Svalberg Agneta M.-L.
Published: June 2012

Following on from my state-of-the-art article onLanguage Awareness and language learning(Svalberg 2007), in this paper I will discuss specific research tasks which are centrally concerned with different aspects oflanguage awareness(LA): ‘explicit knowledge about language, and conscious perception and sensitivity in language learning, language teaching and language use’. The overall argument is that research is needed into how LA is constructed by language learners and teachers throughengagement with language(Svalberg 2007; 2009). I will sometimes refer specifically to awareness of grammar (form-meaning) but hope the paper will stimulate ideas for research into other LA aspects of language learning and teaching. The absence of other issues and areas (such as LA and multilingualism, intercultural LA, critical LA, LA and language policy) is a function of the personal nature of the paper and the limitations of space.
Teacher-developed materials for the integration of content and language: An action research project in Argentina
Authors: Banegas Dario Luis
Published: June 2012

This action research project explores the principles that teachers follow when developing their own materials for lessons aimed at integrating content and language in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lessons in state secondary education.
Laser fusion energy from p-7Li with minimized radioactivity
Authors: Ghoranneviss M. , Salar Elahi A. , Hora H. , Miley G.H. , Malekynia B. , Abdollahi Z.
Published: June 2012

The new possibility of side-on laser ignition of p-11B with negligible radioactivity encouraged to study the fusion of solid state p-7Li fuel that again turns out to be only about 10 times more difficult than the side-on ignition of solid deuterium-tritium using petawatt-picosecond laser pulses at anomalous interaction conditions if very high contrast ratio. Updated cross sections of the nuclear reaction are included.
A software for diffraction stress factor calculations for textured materials
Authors: Gnäupel-Herold Thomas
Published: June 2012

A software for the calculation of diffraction elastic constants (DEC) for materials both with and without preferred orientation was developed. All grain-interaction models that can use the crystallite orientation distribution function (ODF) are incorporated, including Kröner, Hill, inverse Kröner, and Reuss. The functions of the software include: reading the ODF in common textual formats, pole figure calculation, calculation of DEC for different (hkl,φ,ψ), calculation of anisotropic bulk constants from the ODF, calculation of macro-stress from lattice strain and vice versa, as well as mixture ratios of (hkl) of overlapped reflections in textured materials.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation modulates the electrophysiological response during face processing
Authors: WILKINSON DAVID , FERGUSON HEATHER J. , WORLEY ALAN
Published: June 2012

Although galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with early visual structural encoding. To elicit the waveform, participants distinguished famous from nonfamous faces that were presented in either upright or inverted orientation. Relative to a sham, stimulation increased the amplitude of the N170 and also elevated power spectra within the delta and theta frequency bands, components that have likewise been associated with face processing. This study constitutes the first attempt to model the effects of GVS on the electrophysiological response and, more specifically, indicates that unisensory visual processes linked to object construction are influenced by vestibular information. Given that reductions in the magnitude of both the N170 event-related potential and delta/theta activity accompany certain disease states, GVS may provide hitherto unreported therapeutic benefit.
Unleashing Presidential Power: The Politics of Pets in the White House
Authors: Maltzman Forrest , Lebovic James H. , Saunders Elizabeth N. , Furth Emma
Published: June 2012

In this article, we use a multimethod approach to shed light on the strategic use of presidential pets. We draw on primary source materials to demonstrate that pets are an important power center in the White House. Then we turn to presidents' strategic use of their pets in public. We present a theoretical framework and statistical evidence to explore the conditions under which presidents are most likely to trot out their four-legged friends. We show that presidents carefully gauge the best and worst times to conduct a dog and pony show. In times of war or scandal, dogs are welcome public companions, but not so in periods of economic hardship.
Data Processing for Atomic Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Cueva Paul , Hovden Robert , Mundy Julia A. , Xin Huolin L. , Muller David A.
Published: June 2012

The high beam current and subangstrom resolution of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes has enabled electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping with atomic resolution. These spectral maps are often dose limited and spatially oversampled, leading to low counts/channel and are thus highly sensitive to errors in background estimation. However, by taking advantage of redundancy in the dataset map, one can improve background estimation and increase chemical sensitivity. We consider two such approaches—linear combination of power laws and local background averaging—that reduce background error and improve signal extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) can also be used to analyze spectrum images, but the poor peak-to-background ratio in EELS can lead to serious artifacts if raw EELS data are PCA filtered. We identify common artifacts and discuss alternative approaches. These algorithms are implemented within the Cornell Spectrum Imager, an open source software package for spectroscopic analysis.
LOG-SINE EVALUATIONS OF MAHLER MEASURES
Authors: BORWEIN JONATHAN M. , STRAUB ARMIN
Published: June 2012

We provide evaluations of several recently studied higher and multiple Mahler measures using log-sine integrals. This is complemented with an analysis of generating functions and identities for log-sine integrals which allows the evaluations to be expressed in terms of zeta values or more general polylogarithmic terms. The machinery developed is then applied to evaluation of further families of multiple Mahler measures.
The ethics of an ambiguous cosmopolitics: citizens and entrepreneurs in the European project
Authors: Parker Owen
Published: June 2012

This paper reflects on the ethical possibilities and limitations of cosmopolitanism as practice, with particular reference to the contemporary European project. It begins with an exploration of the relationship between what I term a ‘market’ and a ‘legal’ cosmopolitics in the European context. Inspired by Foucault's recently published work on liberal government, the paper argues that these cosmopolitics and the subjectivities that they seek to produce variously overlap, reinforce one another, and conflict in practices of contemporary post-national government: in short, they co-exist in an inherently ambiguous relationship. Animating this argument, the paper considers the politics of European citizenship; it highlights what is at stake, ethically and politically, in the recognition of an ambiguous cosmopolitics. It focuses in particular on the European Union (EU)'s 2004 Directive on the free movement of EU citizens and its relevance in the context of the high-profile deportations of Roma from France in summer 2010. The paper makes the case that the recognition and ongoing identification of an ambiguous cosmopolitics – and, essentially, an ambiguous European identity or ‘us’ – offers the prospect for ongoing resistance by and with those who find themselves designated as the ‘other’ of the European project in particular or of a cosmopolitics in general.
Give it up for climate change: a defence of the beneficiary pays principle
Authors: Page Edward A.
Published: June 2012

This article focuses on the normative problem of establishing how the burdens associated with implementing policies designed to prevent, or manage, climate change should be shared amongst states involved in ongoing international climate change negotiations. This problem has three key features: identifying the nature and extent of the burdens that need to be borne; identifying the type of agent that should be allocated these burdens; and distributing amongst the particular ‘tokens’ of the relevant ‘agent type’ climatic burdens according to principles that none could reasonably reject. The article defends a key role in climatic burden-sharing policy for the principle that states benefiting most from activities that cause climate change should bear the greatest burden in terms of the costs of preventing dangerous climate change. I outline two versions of this ‘beneficiary pays’ principle; examine the strengths and weakness of each version; and explore how the most plausible version (which I call the ‘unjust enrichment’ principle) could be operationalized in the context of global climate governance.