bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Function of silicon oil in the castor oil based rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Kumar Mukesh
Published: November 2013

Rigid polyurethane foams are one of the most important cellular plastics. Castor oil was modified with glycerol to form the polyol and reacted with methyl diisocyanate and different proportions of silicon oil to achieve rigid polyurethane foam. Prepared foam was tested for its density and mechanical properties. It was found that compressive and flexural strength was improved with silicon oil content. The morphology of the resulted foams was also studied using scanning electron microscope, and it was observed that the cell size was reduced with silicon oil content, indicating a more dense and packed structure. With further increase in the silicon oil content, foam properties showed a slight decrease in value.
A Local Source of FGF Initiates Development of the Unmyelinated Lineage of Sensory Neurons
Authors: Hadjab Saïda , Franck Marina C. M. , Wang Yiqiao , Sterzenbach Ulrich , Sharma Anil , Ernfors Patrik , Lallemend Francois
Published: November 2013

The principle by which unmyelinated primary sensory neurons transducing thermal, itch and pain perception are specified in early development is unknown. These classes of sensory neurons diversify from a common population of late-born neurons, which initiate expression of Runt homology domain transcription factor RUNX1 and the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA. Here, we report that signals emanating from within the mouse dorsal root ganglion mediated partly by early-born neurons destined to a myelinated phenotype participate in fating late-born RUNX1+/TrkA+neurons. Inductive factors include FGFs via activation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). Consistently, FGF2 is sufficient to induce expression of RUNX1, andFgfr1conditional mutant mice display deficits in fating of the common population of late-born RUNX1+/TrkA+neurons that develop into unmyelinated neurons. Thus, the distinct lineages of sensory neurons are acquired in response to increasing FGF levels provided by a rising number of born neurons.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat Protein Increases the Number of Inhibitory Synapses between Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
Authors: Hargus Nicholas J. , Thayer Stanley A.
Published: November 2013

Synaptodendritic damage correlates with cognitive decline in many neurodegenerative diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Because HIV-1 does not infect neurons, viral-mediated toxicity is indirect, resulting from released neurotoxins such as the HIV-1 protein transactivator of transcription (Tat). We compared the effects of Tat on inhibitory and excitatory synaptic connections between rat hippocampal neurons using an imaging-based assay that quantified clusters of the scaffolding proteins gephyrin or PSD95 fused to GFP. Tat (24 h) increased the number of GFP–gephyrin puncta and decreased the number of PSD95–GFP puncta. The effects of Tat on inhibitory and excitatory synapse number were mediated via the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and subsequent Ca2+influx through GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs). The effects of Tat on synapse number required cell-autonomous activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Ca2+buffering experiments suggested that loss of excitatory synapses required activation of CaMKII in close apposition to the NMDAR, whereas the increase in inhibitory synapses required Ca2+diffusion to a more distal site. The increase in inhibitory synapses was prevented by inhibiting the insertion of GABAAreceptors into the membrane. Synaptic changes induced by Tat (16 h) were reversed by blocking either GluN2B-containing NMDARs or neuronal nitric oxide synthase, indicating changing roles for pathways activated by NMDAR subtypes during the neurotoxic process. Compensatory changes in the number of inhibitory and excitatory synapses may serve as a novel mechanism to reduce network excitability in the presence of HIV-1 neurotoxins; these changes may inform the development of treatments for HAND.
Development and Plasticity of Outer Retinal Circuitry Following Genetic Removal of Horizontal Cells
Authors: Keeley Patrick W. , Luna Gabriel , Fariss Robert N. , Skyles Kimberly A. , Madsen Nils R. , Raven Mary A. , Poché Ross A. , Swindell Eric C. , Jamrich Milan , Oh Edwin C. , Swaroop Anand , Fisher Steven K. , Reese Benjamin E.
Published: November 2013

The present study examined the consequences of eliminating horizontal cells from the outer retina during embryogenesis upon the organization and assembly of the outer plexiform layer (OPL). Retinal horizontal cells exhibit a migration defect inLim1-conditional knock-out (Lim1-CKO) mice and become mispositioned in the inner retina before birth, redirecting their dendrites into the inner plexiform layer. The resultant (mature) OPL, developing in the absence of horizontal cells, shows a retraction of rod spherules into the outer nuclear layer and a sprouting of rod bipolar cell dendrites to reach ectopic ribbon-protein puncta. Cone pedicles and the dendrites of type 7 cone bipolar cells retain their characteristic stratification and colocalization within the collapsed OPL, although both are atrophic and the spatial distribution of the pedicles is disrupted. Developmental analysis ofLim1-CKO retina reveals that components of the rod and cone pathways initially co-assemble within their normal strata in the OPL, indicating that horizontal cells are not required for the correct targeting of photoreceptor terminals or bipolar cell dendrites. As the rod spherules begin to retract during the second postnatal week, rod bipolar cells initially show no signs of ectopic growth, sprouting only subsequently and continuing to do so well after the eighth postnatal week. These results demonstrate the critical yet distinctive roles for horizontal cells on the rod and cone pathways and highlight a unique and as-yet-unrecognized maintenance function of an inhibitory interneuron that is not required for the initial targeting and co-stratification of other components in the circuit.
Leptin Signaling in GABA Neurons, But Not Glutamate Neurons, Is Required for Reproductive Function
Authors: Zuure Wieteke A. , Roberts Amy L. , Quennell Janette H. , Anderson Greg M.
Published: November 2013

The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts in the brain to modulate the central driver of fertility: the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. This effect is indirect, as GnRH neurons do not express leptin receptors (LEPRs). Here we test whether GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons provide the intermediate pathway between the site of leptin action and the GnRH neurons. Leptin receptors were deleted from GABA and glutamate neurons using Cre-Lox transgenics, and the downstream effects on puberty onset and reproduction were examined. Both mouse lines displayed the expected increase in body weight and region-specific loss of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. The GABA neuron-specific LEPR knock-out females and males showed significantly delayed puberty onset. Adult fertility observations revealed that these knock-out animals have decreased fecundity. In contrast, glutamate neuron-specific LEPR knock-out mice displayed normal fertility. Assessment of the estrogenic hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulation in females showed that leptin action on GABA neurons is not necessary for estradiol-mediated suppression of tonic luteinizing hormone secretion (an indirect measure of GnRH neuron activity) but is required for regulation of a full preovulatory-like luteinizing hormone surge. In conclusion, leptin signaling in GABAergic (but not glutamatergic neurons) plays a critical role in the timing of puberty onset and is involved in fertility regulation throughout adulthood in both sexes. These results form an important step in explaining the role of central leptin signaling in the reproductive system. Limiting the leptin-to-GnRH mediators to GABAergic cells will enable future research to focus on a few specific types of neurons.
Ca2+Sparks and Puffs Are Generated and Interact in Rat Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neuron Dendrites
Authors: Miyazaki Kenichi , Ross William N.
Published: November 2013

1,4,5-Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate release of Ca2+from internal stores in many neurons. The details of the spatial and temporal characteristics of these signals and their interactions in dendrites remain to be clarified. We found that localized Ca2+release events, with no associated change in membrane potential, occurred spontaneously in the dendrites of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Their rate, but not their amplitude or time course, could be modulated by changes in membrane potential. Together, these results suggest that the spontaneous events are similar to RyR-dependent Ca2+“sparks” found in cardiac myocytes. In addition, we found that we could generate another kind of localized Ca2+release event by either a synaptic tetanus in the presence of 3-((R)-2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid and CNQX or by uncaging IP3. These events had slower rise times and decay times than sparks and were more heterogeneous. These properties are similar to Ca2+“puffs” found in oocytes. These two localized signals interact. Low-intensity tetanic synaptic stimulation or uncaging of IP3increased the decay time of spontaneous Ca2+events without changing their rise time or amplitude. Pharmacological experiments suggest that this event widening is attributable to a delayed IP3R-mediated release of Ca2+triggered by the synergistic action of IP3and Ca2+released by RyRs. The actions of IP3appear to be confined to the main apical dendrite because uncaging IP3in the oblique dendrites has no effect on the time course of localized events or backpropagating action potential-evoked Ca2+signals in this region.
Genetic Dissection of Retinal Inputs to Brainstem Nuclei Controlling Image Stabilization
Authors: Dhande Onkar S. , Estevez Maureen E. , Quattrochi Lauren E. , El-Danaf Rana N. , Nguyen Phong L. , Berson David M. , Huberman Andrew D.
Published: November 2013

When the head rotates, the image of the visual world slips across the retina. A dedicated set of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and brainstem visual nuclei termed the “accessory optic system” (AOS) generate slip-compensating eye movements that stabilize visual images on the retina and improve visual performance. Which types of RGCs project to each of the various AOS nuclei remain unresolved. Here we report a new transgenic mouse line, Hoxd10–GFP, in which the RGCs projecting to all the AOS nuclei are fluorescently labeled. Electrophysiological recordings of Hoxd10–GFP RGCs revealed that they include all three subtypes of On direction-selective RGCs (On–DSGCs), responding to upward, downward, or forward motion. Hoxd10–GFP RGCs also include one subtype of On–Off DSGCs tuned for forward motion. Retrograde circuit mapping with modified rabies viruses revealed that the On–DSGCs project to the brainstem centers involved in both horizontal and vertical retinal slip compensation. In contrast, the On–Off DSGCs labeled in Hoxd10–GFP mice projected to AOS nuclei controlling horizontal but not vertical image stabilization. Moreover, the forward tuned On–Off DSGCs appear physiologically and molecularly distinct from all previously genetically identified On–Off DSGCs. These data begin to clarify the cell types and circuits underlying image stabilization during self-motion, and they support an unexpected diversity of DSGC subtypes.
New Approaches for Studying Synaptic Development, Function, and Plasticity UsingDrosophilaas a Model System
Authors: Frank C. Andrew , Wang Xinnan , Collins Catherine A. , Rodal Avital A. , Yuan Quan , Verstreken Patrik , Dickman Dion K.
Published: November 2013

The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterhas been established as a premier experimental model system for neuroscience research. These organisms are genetically tractable, yet their nervous systems are sufficiently complex to study diverse processes that are conserved across metazoans, including neural cell fate determination and migration, axon guidance, synaptogenesis and function, behavioral neurogenetics, and responses to neuronal injury. For several decades,Drosophilaneuroscientists have taken advantage of a vast toolkit of genetic and molecular techniques to reveal fundamental principles of neuroscience illuminating to all systems, including the first behavioral mutants from Seymour Benzer's pioneering work in the 1960s and 1970s, the cloning of the first potassium channel in the 1980s, and the identification of the core genes that orchestrate axon guidance and circadian rhythms in the 1990s. Over the past decade, new tools and innovations in genetic, imaging, and electrophysiological technologies have enabled the visualization,in vivo, of dynamic processes in synapses with unprecedented resolution. We will review some of the fresh insights into synaptic development, function, and plasticity that have recently emerged inDrosophilawith an emphasis on the unique advantages of this model system.
The Role of the Amygdala-Striatal Pathway in the Acquisition and Performance of Goal-Directed Instrumental Actions
Authors: Corbit Laura H. , Leung Beatrice K. , Balleine Bernard W.
Published: November 2013

The posterior dorsomedial striatum (pDMS) is essential for the acquisition and expression of the specific response–outcome (R–O) associations that underlie goal-directed action. Here we examined the role of a pathway linking the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and pDMS in such goal-directed learning. In Experiment 1, rats received unilateral lesions of the BLA and were implanted with cannula targeting the pDMS in either the ipsilateral (control) or contralateral (disconnection) hemisphere. After initial training, rats received infusions of muscimol to inactivate the pDMS immediately before sessions in which novel R–O associations were introduced. Sensitivity to devaluation by specific satiety was then assessed. Whereas rats in the ipsilateral group used the recently acquired associations to direct performance following devaluation, those in the contralateral group could not, indicating that BLA–pDMS disconnection prevented the acquisition of the new R–O associations. Indeed, evidence suggested that these rats relied instead on learning acquired during prior training to direct performance following devaluation. In Experiment 2, rats underwent similar surgery and training except they received muscimol infusions immediately before devaluation testing. Those in the ipsilateral group showed a selective devaluation effect, again based on the most recently introduced R–O associations. In contrast, rats in the contralateral group showed nonselective performance after devaluation indicating that the BLA–DMS pathway is also required for the expression of selective R–O associations. Together these results suggest that input from the BLA is essential for specific R–O learning by the pDMS.
Investigating Axonal Guidance with Microdevice-Based Approaches
Authors: Dupin Isabelle , Dahan Maxime , Studer Vincent
Published: November 2013

The precise wiring of the nervous system relies on processes by which axons navigate in a complex environment and are guided by a concerted action of attractive and repulsive factors to reach their target. Investigating these guidance processes depends critically on our ability to control in space and time the microenvironment of neurons. The implementation of microfabrication techniques in cell biology now enables a precise control of the extracellular physical and chemical environment of cultured cells. However, microtechnology is only beginning to be applied in the field of axon guidance due to specific requirements of neuronal cultures. Here we review microdevices specifically designed to study axonal guidance and compare them with the conventional assays used to probe gradient sensing in cell biology. We also discuss how innovative microdevice-based approaches will enable the investigation of important systems-level questions on the gradient sensing properties of nerve cells, such as the sensitivity and robustness in the detection of directional signals or the combinatorial response to multiple cues.
The Role of Transposable Elements in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Reilly Matthew T. , Faulkner Geoffrey J. , Dubnau Joshua , Ponomarev Igor , Gage Fred H.
Published: November 2013

First discovered in maize by Barbara McClintock in the 1940s, transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that in some cases have the ability to move along chromosomes or “transpose” in the genome. This revolutionary finding was initially met with resistance by the scientific community and viewed by some as heretical. A large body of knowledge has accumulated over the last 60 years on the biology of TEs. Indeed, it is now known that TEs can generate genomic instability and reconfigure gene expression networks both in the germline and somatic cells. This review highlights recent findings on the role of TEs in health and diseases of the CNS, which were presented at the 2013 Society for Neuroscience meeting. The work of the speakers in this symposium shows that TEs are expressed and active in the brain, challenging the dogma that neuronal genomes are static and revealing that they are susceptible to somatic genomic alterations. These new findings on TE expression and function in the CNS have major implications for understanding the neuroplasticity of the brain, which could hypothetically have a role in shaping individual behavior and contribute to vulnerability to disease.
Bringing RNA Interference (RNAi) into the High School Classroom
Authors: Sengupta Sibani
Published: November 2013

RNA interference (abbreviated RNAi) is a relatively new discovery in the field of mechanisms that serve to regulate gene expression (a.k.a. protein synthesis). Gene expression can be regulated at the transcriptional level (mRNA production, processing, or stability) and at the translational level (protein synthesis). RNAi acts in a gene-specific manner and degrades the specific message (mRNA) to lower mRNA stability and, in the process, decreases protein production. The RNAi mechanism thus acts as a negative regulator of gene expression and undoubtedly has been one of the most significant developments in genetics and molecular biology in recent years. I present a teaching module that can help high school students experience this unique post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism.
Understanding & Teaching Genetics Using Analogies
Authors: Woody Scott , Himelblau Ed
Published: November 2013

We present a collection of analogies that are intended to help students better understand the foreign and often nuanced vocabulary of the genetics curriculum. Why is it called the “wild type”? What is the difference between a locus, a gene, and an allele? What is the functional (versus a rule-based) distinction between dominant and recessive alleles? It is our hope that by using these analogies, teachers at all levels of the K–16 curriculum can appeal to the common experience and common sense of their students, to lay a solid foundation for mastery of genetics and, thereby, to enhance understanding of evolutionary principles.
The Role of MC1R in Speciation & Phylogeny
Authors: Offner Susan
Published: November 2013

A point mutation in the MC1R gene, a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been found that could have led to the formation of two subspecies of Solomon Island flycatcher from a single ancestral population. I discuss the many roles that G-protein-coupled receptors play in vertebrate physiology and how one particular point mutation can have enormous evolutionary consequences.
Oscar Riddle’s Science, a Special Bird, & the Founding of the NABT
Authors: Vandervoort Frances S.
Published: November 2013

Oscar Riddle, born in Indiana in 1877, was an ardent evolutionist and a key player in the founding of the National Association of Biology Teachers in 1938. He studied heredity and behavior in domestic pigeons and doves with Charles O. Whitman of the University of Chicago, received his Ph.D. in zoology in 1907, and in 1912 began a long career at the Carnegie Institution. He is best known for his 1932 discovery of prolactin, the “mother love” hormone. Whitman founded and directed the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole and cared for Martha, the world’s last passenger pigeon, who died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
Intensive insulin therapy increases sex hormone-binding globulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tong Guoyu , Hua Xiaomin , Zhong Yingjie , Zhang Kui , Gu Guangyu , Feng Wenhuan , Huang Hong , Wang Weimin , Li Lirong , Sun Yanjun , Zhang Tianyan , Hu Yun
Published: November 2013

Objective

Many studies have shown that low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with insulin resistance, but only few studies have examined how serum SHBG is regulated by insulin in humans. This interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin therapy (IT) on serum SHBG levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

A total of 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were enrolled and randomly grouped into a 2-week intensive IT with/without metformin. Serum SHBG, total testosterone, glucose, liver enzymes, lipids, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured before and after IT.

Results

Before IT, serum SHBG levels were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin, and C-peptide, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and positively with HDL-C (allPfor trend <0.05), after adjustment for age and sex. IT increased serum SHBG levels from 26.5±14.5 to 33.2±15.0 nmol/l (P<0.001), increased by 25.2% (95% CI, 20.3 to 30.9%,P<0.001). In a multiple linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and WC, the decreases in ΔALT (standardized regression coefficientβ=−0.374,P=0.012) and ΔTG (β=−0.380,P=0.020) were independent contributors to the increase in ΔSHBG.

Conclusions

IT increases serum SHBG likely through improving insulin resistance and liver function.
Support of a bi-faceted role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in ERα-positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Jonsson Philip , Katchy Anne , Williams Cecilia
Published: November 2013

The expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in breast cancer identifies patients most likely to respond to endocrine treatment. The second ER, ERβ, is also expressed in breast tumors, but its function and therapeutic potential need further study. Althoughin vitrostudies have established that ERβ opposes transcriptional and proliferative functions of ERα, several clinical studies report its correlation with proliferative markers and poorer prognosis. The data demonstrate that ERβ opposes ERα are primarily based on transient expression of ERβ. Here, we explored the functions of constitutively expressed ERβ in ERα-positive breast cancer lines MCF7 and T47D. We found that ERβ, under these conditions heterodimerized with ERα in the presence and absence of 17β-estradiol, and induced genome-wide transcriptional changes. Widespread anti-ERα signaling was, however, not observed and ERβ was not antiproliferative. Tamoxifen antagonized proliferation and ER-mediated gene regulation both in the presence and absence of ERβ. In conclusion, ERβ‘s role in cells adapted to its expression appears to differ from its role in cells with transient expression. Our study is important because it provides a deeper understanding of ERβ's role in breast tumors that coexpress both receptors and supports an emerging bi-faceted role of ERβ.
Depressão materna e riscos para o comportamento e a saúde mental das crianças: uma revisão
Authors: Pizeta Fernanda Aguiar , Silva Thaysa Brinck Fernandes , Cartafina Maria Isabela Brasil , Loureiro Sonia Regina
Published: November 2013

A depressão materna tem sido considerada um fator de risco para a saúde mental das crianças. Objetivou-se identificar e analisar na literatura indexada artigos empíricos recentes (2005 a 2012), que abordaram as associações da depressão materna ao comportamento e à saúde mental de crianças, escolares. Procedeu-se a uma busca sistemática nas bases PubMed, PsycInfo e LILACS, por meio das palavras-chave "Maternal Depression or Depression" e "Risk Factors". Foram selecionados e analisados 68 artigos, 23 transversais e 45 longitudinais. Independentemente dos delineamentos adotados, a depressão materna mostrou-se associada à presença de dificuldades emocionais e comportamentais em geral, de manifestações depressivas e de ansiedade. Além da depressão materna, outras variáveis contextuais mostraram-se associadas às dificuldades das crianças. O reconhecimento da ação de múltiplas variáveis permitiu a verificação de indicadores diversos, o que pode favorecer o planejamento de intervenções.
Ser adolescente e ser pai/mãe: gravidez adolescente em uma amostra brasileira
Authors: dei Schiro Eva Diniz Bensaja , Koller Silvia Helena
Published: November 2013

O estudo teve por objetivo investigar as características associadas à gravidez adolescente em uma amostra de adolescentes brasileiros de ambos os sexos. Estudo transversal (N = 226) com 64,2% dos participantes do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos participantes foi 18,86 anos (DP = 1,35). Os participantes responderam a um questionário que investigava aspetos como: (1) vida sexual; (2) sentimentos com relação à gravidez; (3) relações com escola; (4) trabalho; e (5) família. Não foram encontradas diferenças de sexo para idade de início da vida sexual nem para o número de gravidezes relatadas. Constatou-se, no entanto, que a gravidez gerou mais sentimentos de vergonha nas meninas (p < 0,01) e indicação de necessidade de buscar trabalho para os meninos (p < 0,001). Os meninos revelaram maior número de repetições de ano e de expulsões da escola em relação às meninas (p < 0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que gravidez adolescente toma diferentes significados para os adolescentes, em função do seu sexo.
Trabalho em turnos e dimensões sociais: um estudo na indústria têxtil
Authors: Ferreira Ana Isabel , Silva Isabel Soares
Published: November 2013

O trabalho em turnos tem sido associado a diversas consequências na vida dos trabalhadores. Este estudo analisa as consequências do trabalho em turnos ao nível familiar, social e organizacional e de que forma tais dimensões podem interferir na adaptação a estes horários. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 239 trabalhadores de uma empresa têxtil portuguesa, distribuídos pelos seguintes horários: convencional (08h-12h30/13h30-17h), 1º turno (06h/14h; turno da manhã), 2º turno (14h/22h; turno da tarde) e 3º turno (22h/06h; turno da noite). Na coleta de dados foi usado um questionário para avaliar, entre outros aspectos, a relação do horário de trabalho com a vida conjugal, a vida social ou o apoio da empresa. Os resultados apontam para uma preferência dos trabalhadores relativamente ao 1º turno, tendo este obtido os melhores scores em todos os aspectos. O horário convencional, por sua vez, apresenta os scores mais reduzidos. Genericamente, os resultados apontam para a importância de dimensões sociais na gestão do tempo de trabalho.
Produção científica sobre adoção por casais homossexuais no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Cecílio Mariana Silva , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: November 2013

Um dos desafios dos estudos da família contemporânea é a compreensão dos arranjos constituídos por laços socioafetivos, como na adoção, quando os pais ou mães são do mesmo sexo. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a produção científica brasileira acerca da homoparentalidade adotiva, entendendo-a como parte dos novos paradigmas relacionados à família e gênero. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica nacional nas bases LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO e Portal Nacional BVS Brasil em Saúde, de 2000 a 2010. Foram recuperados dez estudos, sendo sete teóricos e três empíricos. Os estudos questionam as descrições tradicionais de família, destacando a necessidade de ampliação dos sentidos de arranjo familiar para além da tradição heteronormativa. Tais reflexões podem abrir espaço para a intervenção crítica de profissionais no contexto da adoção por casais homoafetivos, submetendo a um crivo rigoroso teorias que se mostram insuficientes para dar conta das profundas transformações processadas nas famílias.
Perfil das instituições de longa permanência para idosos em uma cidade no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Cornélio Graziela Félix , Godoy Ilda de
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal foi caracterizar o perfil de instituições de longa permanência para idosos de Botucatu, SP. Foram entrevistados os responsáveis técnicos e coordenadores de nove instituições existentes no município, com análise de concordância de algumas respostas, e foi aplicada a escala de Katz para avaliar o nível de dependência dos idosos. Os principais resultados foram: deficiência de recursos, principalmente humanos; dificuldades quanto a referência e contrarreferência; falta de rede de apoio social e problemas nas relações com os familiares dos idosos. Além disso, havia restrição de atividades de lazer para os idosos, e tanto a avaliação da qualidade de assistência prestada quanto as atividades de educação continuada para os cuidadores não ocorriam de forma sistematizada. O estudo mostrou a necessidade de atividades que promovam a autonomia e integração social dos idosos, bem como a capacitação e seleção mais criteriosa dos cuidadores. Portanto, torna-se importante a atuação de profissionais qualificados por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, havendo melhor integração dos serviços com participação de diversos órgãos envolvidos na assistência ao idoso e devem ser mantidos e fortalecidos os vínculos familiares nesse processo.
Análise de protocolos com intervenção motora domiciliar para pacientes com doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Julimara Gomes dos , Andrade Larissa Pires de , Pereira Jessica Rodrigues , Stein Angelica Miki , Pedroso Renata Valle , Costa José Luiz Riani
Published: November 2013

A prática regular de atividade física é indicada como uma terapia não farmacológica ao tratamento da doença de Alzheimer por promover benefícios cognitivos, comportamentais e funcionais. Pouco se sabe, porém, sobre os protocolos com intervenção motora domiciliar para essa população. Pensando nisso, esta revisão teve como objetivo investigar e analisar os protocolos de intervenção motora domiciliar para idosos com doença de Alzheimer descritos em artigos científicos. Realizou-se busca sistemática, sem limite de data, nas seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO e Scopus. Utilizaram-se os seguintes operadores booleanos e palavras-chave: "home-based exercise" OR "home-based physical exercise" OR "home-based physical fitness" OR "home-based rehabilitation" OR "home-based physical therapy" OR "home-based physical activity" OR "home-based motor intervention" and "AD" OR "Alzheimer's disease" OR "Alzheimer" OR "Alzheimer's dementia". Realizou-se também uma busca manual nas listas de referência dos artigos selecionados. Dos cinco artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão adotados, três realizaram um protocolo de intervenção motora domiciliar, conseguindo boa adesão ao programa, melhora geral da saúde e diminuição de sintomas depressivos. Os outros dois estudos limitaram-se a descrever os protocolos. Apesar de serem necessários mais estudos, com protocolos mais detalhados, esta revisão permitiu mostrar que protocolos de intervenção motora domiciliar também podem produzir efeitos positivos tanto para pacientes quanto para cuidadores.
Estrangeirismo e Complexo de Gulliver: brasileiros na percepção de expatriados de diferentes origens
Authors: Araújo Bruno Felix vonBorell de , Teixeira Maria Luisa Mendes , Malini Elise
Published: November 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender, à luz da abordagem do Complexo de Gulliver, como expatriados voluntários de diferentes origens percebem a relação do brasileiro com o estrangeiro. O estudo, de cunho exploratório e qualitativo, foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 33 expatriados voluntários, sendo 17 de origem de países desenvolvidos e 16 de países em desenvolvimento. Os resultados sugerem que o estrangeirismo pode ser entendido como uma dimensão da cultura brasileira, bipolar, onde um polo representa a solicitude do brasileiro para com o estrangeiro, e o outro representa o comportamento arrogante, guardando entre si uma relação de compensação, compreendida no complexo de Gulliver. Os resultados sugerem ainda, que comportamentos de superioridade ou inferioridade não podem ser explicados apenas pela nacionalidade do estrangeiro, mas origem sugerida pela aparência física do mesmo.
Múltiplos comprometimentos com o trabalho e suas influências no desempenho: um estudo entre professores do ensino superior no Brasil
Authors: Rowe Diva Ester Okazaki , Bastos Antonio Virgílio Bittencourt , Pinho Ana Paula Moreno
Published: November 2013

O presente trabalho analisa, em docentes do ensino superior, os efeitos dos vínculos com a carreira (comprometimento e entrincheiramento) e com a organização (comprometimento) no seu desempenho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal, envolvendo um survey on line, cujo questionário continha as escalas previamente validadas para medir os vínculos com o trabalho. Para avaliar o desempenho docente foram utilizados dois indicadores: autoavaliação do seu esforço instrucional e uma medida de produção acadêmica. Obteve-se uma amostra de 635 professores de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas e privadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análises descritivas e multivariadas. Para identificar os impactos dos vínculos com o trabalho no desempenho foi utilizado o método de estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais (partial least squares - PLS). Nos modelos testados, o entrincheiramento na carreira e o comprometimento organizacional instrumental influenciam negativamente a produção acadêmica dos professores, e o comprometimento com a carreira influencia positivamente o esforço instrucional. Evidências relevantes de como o vínculo do trabalho é um importante preditor do desempenho.
Recomendações metodológicas para a adoção da perspectiva da estruturação nos estudos organizacionais
Authors: Rossoni Luciano , Guarido Filho Edson Ronaldo , Coraiola Diego Maganhoto
Published: November 2013

O presente ensaio teórico discute o emprego da teoria da estruturação de Giddens em estudos na área de organizações. Sob esse foco, trata das implicações metodológicas que podem tornar mais coerentes as pesquisas baseadas nas premissas e hipóteses da teoria da estruturação nos Estudos Organizacionais. Quatro pressupostos foram inicialmente tratados: a realidade social como construção intersubjetiva, o princípio da dualidade da estrutura, a dupla hermenêutica na pesquisa social e o posicionamento estrutural como elemento relevante na análise da agência. Depois, foram apresentadas recomendações metodológicas tomando como ponto de apoio três aspectos fundamentais: a definição do nível de análise, o estabelecimento da janela temporal e o delineamento de procedimentos metodológicos, considerando dois níveis interdependentes do processo de investigação. O primeiro nível considera a elucidação hermenêutica de significados e de formas de consciência prática, enquanto o segundo trata da definição dos limites da agência e de fronteiras espaciotemporais. Tomados conjuntamente, são traçadas considerações finais em favor de projetos de pesquisa de longo prazo à luz do estruturacionismo giddensiano.
Pore pressure generation in sand with bentonite: from small strains to liquefaction
Authors: EL MOHTAR C.S. , BOBET A. , DRNEVICH V.P. , JOHNSTON C.T. , SANTAGATA M.C.
Published: November 2013

The paper examines the effect of small percentages of bentonite on pore pressure generation in loose sands, from small strains all the way to liquefaction. It relies on resonant column, static triaxial and cyclic triaxial tests conducted on specimens prepared by dry-mixing Ottawa sand and bentonite, at a skeleton relative density of 35% ± 5%. Two main variables are investigated: the percentage of bentonite (3% and 5% by dry mass of the sand), and the duration of the ageing period preceding shear (1 to 10 days). The presence of bentonite increases the shear strain needed to initiate the generation of excess pore pressures in resonant column tests; in cyclic tests it reduces the mean pore pressure generated per loading cycle and allows the specimen to sustain an increased loss of effective stress before liquefaction initiates, both effects contributing to an increased resistance to liquefaction. These effects are further enhanced with prolonged pre-shear ageing. Additionally, under static conditions, the behaviour of the sand is found to become increasingly stable as the ageing duration is extended. Given the role played by the ageing period, the effects observed cannot be simply ascribed to the increased bulk density of the specimens with bentonite. Instead, they are attributed to the pore fluid formed in presence of bentonite: a concentrated clay gel with solid-like properties. This pore fluid increases the sand's threshold shear strain, which is shown to have a strong correlation with the resistance to liquefaction.
Pareto-based optimum seismic design of steel frames
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad Reza , Farshchin Mohammad
Published: November 2013

The primary objective of this work is to introduce the idea of using Pareto optimal solutions for the computation of relationships among the factors involved in seismic design of skeletal steel frames. To verify the capability of this concept, multi-objective optimisation is applied and the relations between total skeletal weight, resultant seismic base shear, maximum lateral displacement and the first eigen period of the structure are investigated. Due to the importance of structural safety and for economical reasons, due to its intrinsic conflicting nature, investigation of Pareto optimal solutions for minimisation of skeletal weight against minimisation of maximum lateral displacement of the structure is also considered. For this purpose, a fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is applied to compute Pareto optimal solutions. After computing related Pareto designs, they are used to determine relationships among design factors. The design of an ordinary moment-resisting frame is considered under gravitational dead loads and seismic loads in which lateral earthquake forces are calculated from modal spectral analysis. The structures are under strength and serviceability constraints. All design requirements correspond to the uniform building code and to the allowable stress design code of practice of the American Institute of Steel Construction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using some examples.
A formula for the number of (n - 2)-gaps in digital n-objects
Authors: Maimone Angelo , Nordo Giorgio
Published: November 2013

We provide a formula that expresses the number of (n - 2)-gaps of a generic digital n-object. Such a formula has the advantage to involve only a few simple intrinsic parameters of the object and it is obtained by using a combinatorial technique based on incidence structure and on the notion of free cells. This approach seems suitable as a model for an automatic computation, and also allow us to find some expressions for the maximum number of i-cells that bound or are bounded by a fixed j-cell.
On new inequalities for h-convex functions via Riemann-Liouville fractional integration
Authors: Tunç Mevlüt
Published: November 2013

In this paper, some new inequalities of the Hermite-Hadamard type for h-convex functions via Riemann-Liouville fractional integral are given.
Fixed point theorems for twisted (α,β)-ψ-contractive type mappings and applications
Authors: Salimi Peyman , Vetro Calogero , Vetro Pasquale
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for new classes of mappings defined on a complete metric space. The obtained results generalize some recent theorems in the literature. Several applications and interesting consequences of our theorems are also given.
RH-regular transformations which sums a given double sequence
Authors: Patterson Richard
Published: November 2013

In 1946 P. Erdos and P. C Rosenbloom presented the following theorem that arose out of discussions they had with R. P. Agnew. Let {xn} be a bounded divergent sequence. Suppose that {xn} is summable by every regular Toeplitz method which sums {xn}. Then {yn} is of the form {cxn + an} where {an} is convergent. The goals of the paper includes the presentation of a multidimensional analog of Erdos and Rosenbloom results in [1].
Bicrossproduct revisited
Authors: Zhao Wenzheng , Tianshui Ma
Published: November 2013

We give the factorization of a class of bialgebras into bicrossproduct introduced by Kim-Park-Yoon in [7], which generalizes Radford's known results in [10].
Spectrum of class absolute -*-k-paranormal operators for 0 ≤ k ≤ 1
Authors: Yang Changsen , Shen Junli
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we shall introduce a new class absolute-*-k-paranormal operators given by a norm inequality and *-A(k) operator by operator inequality, we will discuss the inclusion relation of them. And we study spectral properties of class absolute-*-k-paranormal operators. We show that if T belongs to class absolute-*-k-paranormal operators, then its point spectrum and joint point spectrum are identical, its approximate point spectrum and joint approximate point spectrum are identical. Next as an application of them, for Weyl spectrum w(?) and essential approximate point spectrum ?ea, (?), we will show that if T or T*is absolute-*-k-paranormal for 0 ? k ? 1, then w(f (T)) = ? (w(T)), ?ea(? (T)) = ?(?ea(T)) for every ? ?? H(?(T)) where H(?(T)) denotes the set of all analytic functions on an open neighborhood of ?(T).
Additive-cubic functional equations from additive groups into non-Archimedean Banach spaces
Authors: Eshaghi Gordji , Savadkouhi Bavand , Bidkham M.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we establish the generalized Hyres-Ulam stability of the mixed type additive-cubic functional equation ?(2x + y) + ?(2x - y) = 2? (x + y) + 2?(x - y) + 2?(2x) - 4?(x) from additive groups into non-Archimedean Banach spaces.
Laplace transform in spaces of ultradistributions
Authors: Prangoski Bojan
Published: November 2013

The Laplace transform in Komatsu ultradistributions is considered. Also, conditions are given under which an analytic function is a Laplace transformation of an ultradistribution.
Small covers over a product of simplices
Authors: Chen Yanchang , Wang Yanying
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we determine the number of equivariant homeomorphism classes of small covers over a product of m simplices for m ? 3 or for the dimension of each simplex being greater than 1 and m > 3. Moreover, we calculate the number of equivariant homeomorphism classes of all orientable small covers over a product of at most three simplices.
On a class of fuzzy sets defined by Orlicz functions
Authors: Mikail Et , Mursaleen Mohammad , Isık Mahmut
Published: November 2013

The idea of difference sequences of real (or complex) numbers was generalized by Et and ?olak [9]. In this paper, using the difference operator ?m and an Orlicz function, we introduce and examine a class of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We study some of their properties like completeness, solidity, symmetricity etc. We also give some inclusion relations related to this class.
Generalized ideal convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed linear spaces
Authors: Hazarika Bipan , Kumar Vijay , Lafuerza-Guilién Bernardo
Published: November 2013

An ideal I is a family of subsets of positive integers N which is closed under taking finite unions and subsets of its elements. In [19], Kostyrko et al. introduced the concept of ideal convergence as a sequence (xk) of real numbers is said to be I-convergent to a real number e, if for each ? > 0 the set {k ? N : |xk - e| ? ?} belongs to I. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study the notion of ?-ideal convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces as a variant of the notion of ideal convergence. Also I? -limit points and I?-cluster points have been defined and the relation between them has been established. Furthermore, Cauchy and I?-Cauchy sequences are introduced and studied. .
Absolutes of Hausdorff spaces and cardinal invariants FӨ and tӨ II
Authors: Cammaroto Filippo , Catalioto Andrei , Porter Jack
Published: November 2013

The research in this article continues the investigation of the cardinal functions F? and t? for absolutes of Hausdorff spaces. The relationship among the cardinal functions t, t?, F and F? are obtained for both of the Iliadis and Banaschewski absolutes for some well-known spaces.
Postoperative sensitivity associated with low shrinkage versus conventional composites
Authors: Ivanovic Vladimir , Savic-Stankovic Tatjana , Karadzic Branislav , Ilic Jugoslav , Santini Ario , Beljic-Ivanovic Katarina
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Postoperative sensitivity in restorative dentistry can be
related to preparation trauma, dentin adhesives? ability to seal open
dentinal tubules, deformation of restorations under occlusal stresses and
microleakage. Objective. The study assessed possible reduction in
postoperative sensitivity with low shrinkage compared to conventional
composites using different bonding agents and the influence of the operator
skill on the incidence of postoperative sensitivity. Methods. Nine hundred
and sixty permanent premolars and molars with primary carious lesions from
patients 21 to 40 years old were used. Cavities 2 to 3 mm deep and with
margins in enamel were prepared by four operators. Two operators had five
years (A and B) and two had over 20 years (C and D) of clinical experience.
Teeth were divided into eight groups each contained 120 restorations: (1)
Els?+James-2 (original formula), (2) Els?+James-2 (new formula), (3)
Els?+Excite, (4) InTenSe?+James-2 (original formula), (5) InTenSe?+James-2
(new formula), (6) InTenSe?+Excite, (7) Tetric Ceram?+Excite, and (8) Point
4?+OptiBond Solo Plus. At 14 days postoperatively, two independent operators,
who did not take part in the clinical procedure, assessed postoperative teeth
sensitivity using special questionnaires. Data were analyzed using
non-parametric chi-square, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests. Results. Group 8
showed significantly higher score than the other groups. Less postoperative
sensitivity was reported with two low-shrinkage composites (groups 2, 3, and
5) but with no significant difference. There was no statistical difference
between groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Operator A had the highest
postoperative sensitivity score compared to the other three. Conclusion.
Conventional composite material Point 4? with its bonding agent caused
significantly more postoperative sensitivity than low shrinkage composites
combined with different adhesives. Operator skill influenced the incidence of
postoperative sensitivity.