bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LANGUAGE PORTRAIT OF POSTSUBCULTURE REPRESENTATIVES
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Ibrayeva Meruyert
Published: January 2025

Globalization significantly affects subculture. Subculture is a special phenomenon that arises due to the development of general civilizational and interethnic relations. Each subculture has its own language relations, i.e. lexicon, style of language and special features of perception.

The main goal of the article is to analyze subculture from the diachronic point of view, study the speech features of modern youth and determine the influence to language evolution. The article analyzes the conceptual meaning of the concept subculture, language expression and communicative features of postsubculture representatives.

Research methods: general theoretical method, diachronic analysis, discursive analysis. The research work is based on the model of speech culture.

In the era of globalization, subculture was transformed and replaced by postsubculture. In the postsubculture period, since young people prefer the virtual world, individualization has become a priority over group cohesion. In the main part of the article, it is proved that modern youth often use slang, jargons, anglicism, etc. in oral and written speech. Slangism has a great influence on overcoming tension in speech and developing communication. Moreover, abbreviations, dysphemism are met in the speech.
LANGUAGE AND EMOTIONS: EMOTIONAL LEXICON IN A LITERARY TEXT (BASED ON THE WORKS OF A. KEKILBAYEV, CH. AITMATOV)
Authors:   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Iskakova Gulgul , Ryspaeva Dinara ,   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University
Published: January 2025

The study focuses on exploring the ways emotional lexicon is conveyed in literary works. Grammatical, particularly syntactic, semantics play a crucial role in revealing the content of a work. Emotions are one of the most powerful manifestations of the human soul. Language serves not only as a means of communication but also performs evaluative and descriptive functions, expressing various moods and experiences of a person. A.Kekilbayev and Ch.Aitmatov are writers who skillfully use linguistic tools to express, depict, and describe emotions, to reveal the character's image, and convey their inner “self” to the reader as it is. The aim of the study is to examine the lexical and grammatical means of expressing the category of emotionality based on the literary works of A.Kekilbayev and Ch.Aitmatov. The research explores the ways emotions are conveyed in language, the linguistic means of expressing psychological states in a literary text, and conducts a linguistic analysis of the emotional states of characters in the works. An analysis of theoretical concepts in both domestic and foreign linguistics concerning the study of emotionality has shown that any emotion carries an evaluative character. Based on the analysis of A.Kekilbayev's “Kui” and Ch. Aitmatov's “The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years”, linguistic units that denote such emotional states as “fear” and “joy” were identified, revealing that the authors use phraseological expressions to more accurately convey the emotional states of their characters.
THE SEMANTIC NATURE OF COGNITIVE METAPHOR IN KAZAKH FOLK LYRICS
Authors:   A.Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University, Ispandiyarova Ainur
Published: January 2025

A metaphor is a linguistic tool used to express ideas or concepts through comparison with something else. The use of metaphor has been a consistent feature of poetry throughout history. Our article examines the semantic nature of cognitive metaphor in Kazakh folk lyrics. In the work The Word of Ancestors, which serves as the object of this research, it is emphasized that the linguistic units defining the cognitive metaphor are embedded in the national worldview. Analyzed how metaphors were used in the work “The Word of Ancestors”, researchers gain a deep understanding of how the human brain processes and interprets language. Our article employs methods such as literary analysis and cognitive linguistics.

As a result, the study of the semantics of cognitive metaphor in Kazakh lyrics gives an idea of the cognitive processes associated with metaphorical thinking and the use of language.

The main purpose of our article is to identify the semantic nature of cognitive metaphor in the language of Kazakh folk lyrics. The frames reflecting the existence and vital activity of the Kazakh people are analyzed. In addition, the transfer of cognitive metaphors through scenario and schematic structures and images revealing their meaning was identified and analyzed. The types of stable and individualized metaphors, epithet and comparative metaphors, cognitive metaphors were identified, examples were given and we tried to analyze them.

The theoretical results of the work can be used in such courses as Cognitive Linguistics, Ethnolinguistics, Linguistics, Text Linguistics. It can also be used as an auxiliary material for practical classes on the subjects of “Stylistics and linguistic culture”, linguistic analysis of a literary text.
BIY'S LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Urazayeva K. , Zharkynbekova Sh. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Yerik G. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the issues of communicative rhetoric concerning the concepts of rhetorical and moral identity characterizing the Kazakh rhetorical ideal, national and communicative consciousness. The object of consideration was the biy's linguistic personality and his communication with subjects of law. The object of consideration was the biy's linguistic personality and his communication with subjects of law. The speech impact of biy on the listener in the aspect of rhetorical argumentation as an instrument of identity formation, the role of biy as a communicator are considered to analyse rhetorical discourse, illocutionary and perlocutionary effects of the speaker on the listener, description of the portrait of biy's linguistic personality. The use of the concepts of «Memorial cultures», rhetorical identity, and managed identity contribute to the psycho-analytical and phenomenological interpretation of the problem. The use of a neorhetorical approach, methods of linguopragmatics, linguoconcetology, linguoculturology, as well as the historical and typological method allowed us to characterize the communicative strategies of Tole biy, Kazybek biy and Ayteke biy. The description of the speaker's intention, the implementation of the intention and the listener's recognition of the biy's intention are based on the use of perlocution. The results of using logical riddles, idioms, phraseological resources of the Kazakh language, proverbs as the basis for an aphoristic style and allegory are described. The synthesis of linguistic, controlled and collective identity is shown on the example of argumentation, communication for educating the listener and controlling his consciousness with the help of popular ideas about worldview and world behavior. This approach explains both the identity crisis and the transformation of the rhetorical ideal. The significance of Kazakh rhetoric is substantiated from the perspective of developing a rhetorical identity and profiling it into a professional identity.
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF THE NOVEL «PARALLEL» BY ALISHER RAKHAT IN MODERN KAZAKH PROSE
Authors:   O.Zhanibekov South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University, Asan Nazerke , Khalikova Nurila ,   O.Zhanibekov South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

The article examines new milestones in Kazakh literature at the beginning of the 21st century, artistic searches and changes occurring in the literary process. This period of literature is marked by the renewal of traditions and innovation, the emergence of new trends and searches in the field of artistic form. The influence of globalization in the 21st century on literature has led to new forms, new artistic consciousness and new themes. In this regard, the novel "Parallel" by the young writer Alisher Rakhat, who became famous for his unique style, is examined. The novel is chosen as a significant example in the literary process. In the work of Alisher Rakhat, philosophical tendencies and psychological portraits are found that demonstrate new directions in Kazakh literature. The novel describes the life and being of the young generation, their perception of the world through the prism of art. It examines deep issues of interaction between man and society, the existential experiences of the heroes and their complex reflections on life. The characters of the novel are presented as symbols of the updated Kazakh literary discourse, linking experiences and emotions with global modernization processes.

The purpose of the article is to conduct a literary analysis of works written in a new direction in modern Kazakh prose, to systematize the artistic searches of writers, and to conduct a literary analysis of the works of new writers entering the literary process, as well as to introduce them into scientific circulation. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the analysis of artistic searches, ideological and thematic changes, patterns of genre change, newly created works in the general literary process.
MEMOIRS IN KAZAKH LITERATURE. OBITUARY AS A MEMORIAL WRITTEN BY OTUNCHI ALZHANOVA
Authors:   Shakarim University, Karimkhan Zangar , Aubakirova Karligash ,   Shakarim University, Toktarbay Yeldos ,   Haji Bayram Wali University
Published: January 2025

The article deals with the literary heritage of Alash intellectual, teacher, translator Otynshy Alzhanuly (1873-1918), including his memoirs and obituaries. In the literature of the nation, the writing of poems, the meaning and features of the memories in the condolences of Alash figures were analyzed. The memorial nature of obituaries in personality studies, the reality of the era and human destiny, similarities and differences with other similar works are distinguished. It should be noted that the analyzed obituaries are based on two bases: the first is the obituaries written by Kazakh intellectuals in connection with the death of the historical figure Otynshy Alzhanuyly, and the second is the obituary (the first and only) written by Otynshy Alzhanuyly himself as a writer.
MOTIVES IN KAZAKH MYSTICAL STORIES
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Mansurova Elnara , Orda Gulzhakhan ,   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the motives present in Kazakh mystical stories by comparing stories on various topics. The main objects of analysis of Kazakh mystical stories were: K.Abulkaira «Snake Revenge», written in the genre of mysticism, M.Iskakbayeva «Legend of shame», D.Doszhanova «Fulfill my wish», T.Akhmetzhan «Nobel Prize the prize», E.Amanshayeva «The Legend of the demon», A.Mekebayeva «Demonic creature in the image of an old woman». The analyzed stories were studied from a mystical point of view and the mystical, including phenomenal, motives of the characters represented in the stories were considered in a differentiated way. In the stories taken for the analysis of phenomenal motives, there were such motives of the phenomenon as: "snake", "demon", "angel", "wolf", stories were analyzed, written topics and problems related to life were considered.
GENDER ASPECT OF THE IMAGE OF "WOMAN" IN TURKISH FOLKLORE
Authors:   Alikhan Bukeikhan University, Khusainova Aigul
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the gender aspect of the image of "woman" in Turkish folklore. Mothers occupy a special place in the Turkic world. The gender aspect in Turkish folklore was determined within the framework of mythology and religious foundations.

In literary studies, the process of studying the image of women has never gone unnoticed. The scientific article also covers the research of domestic, Russian and Turkish Turkologists, who are currently studying folklore studies, Turkish literature, including the image of a Turkish woman, her place in society.

The paper also examined the social place of women in ancient Turkish society, the high political and social value in Turkish culture. The story of korkyt Ata reflects the image of a woman, that is, the image of a woman as a guardian, protector of the family, as well as the heroic image of Turkish women. The place and importance of women in Turkish society during the Islamic period is determined by images.

As a result of the study, the image of "woman" in Turkish folklore was considered on a mythological and religious basis, and the gender model was determined. It was analyzed that the gender model in Turkish folklore was formed within the framework of social structures and social positions.
THE ROLE OF ONLINE RESOURCES IN THE PROCESS OF ENGLISH LEARNING
Authors:   O.A.Baikonurov Zhezkazgan University, Zhandildinov Medet , Zhaparova A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Tussupbekova Madina ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The paper deals with the importance of online resources in the process of learning the English language, particularly while teaching English grammatical rules. Communicative skills include knowledge of grammar and the application of grammar, as well as the use of appropriate language vocabulary to convey meaning in a socially acceptable manner. In recent years the issue of the importance and expediency of using Internet resources has been raised more and more in the field of teaching English, which involves not only an analysis of the use of new technical means but also a study of the positive and negative aspects of introducing innovative forms and methods of teaching. Modern methods of teaching English are associated with ongoing technological progress, as well as with technological updating of the learning process. The latest advances in high technology and the spread of the global Internet network open great opportunities for foreign language teachers, methodologists, and students themselves to further improve the learning process.

The specificity of teaching English grammar using internet resources lies in the improvement of students’ grammar knowledge and skills. Given the fact that students have a low amount of Grammar internet resources or do not have any English lessons at school, the researchers assume that it directly affects students’ grammar learning. Based on the given statement the authors conducted an experiment with the secondary school students to measure the effectiveness of using internet grammar resources.
WAYS TO INTRODUCE STUDENTS TO CREATIVITY THROUGH THE FORMATION OF CREATIVE THINKING IN LITERATURE LESSONS
Authors:   SDU University, Kerimbekova Bayan , Otarbayeva Gaziza ,   SDU University
Published: January 2025

This article examines the issues of forming students' creative thinking within the framework of the subject of Kazakh literature, introducing students to creativity. The authors of the article focus primarily on their differences and commonalities, reviewing the proposed definitions of creativity and creativity. To this end, samples of tasks and questions that encourage students to think creatively are compiled and offered for use in literature lessons.
The purpose of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the formation of creative thinking and creative abilities of students in the lessons of Kazakh literature and the presentation of sample tasks for secondary schools. Based on this, in the lessons of Kazakh literature, the student instills his skills of independent reasoning, inference, creative self-expression.
The methodological and theoretical foundations of the study were determined by methodological principles, fundamental principles about the abilities, character characteristics of the student
Keywords: literature subject, creativity, inspiration, critical thinking, creative task.
Pencegahan Keruntuhan Progresif pada Struktur Jembatan Tinjomoyo dari Analisis Hidrologi dan Geoteknik
Authors: Udayanto Nugroho Sungkono , Agus Sulaeman  , Roni Farfian
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze measures to prevent progressive collapse of the Tinjomoyo Bridge in Semarang through hydrological and geotechnical approaches. The research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach to evaluate issues encountered in the field. The study includes an analysis of the impact of adding crib structures on riverbank slopes to mitigate scouring caused by water flow and redesigning the bridge pier foundation structure based on soil investigation data and loading conditions. Hydrological analysis indicates that a downstream weir slope of 20% effectively directs water flow to prevent damage to the slopes and bridge piers. Simulations using Plaxis 8.2 reveal that adding crib structures to the riverbank reduces longitudinal displacement by 269.07 mm. Furthermore, the structural safety factor increases from 10.774 (initial condition) to 12.024 (engineered condition). From a geotechnical perspective, redesigning the pier foundation using bored piles with a diameter of 1 meter and 12 pile groups effectively supports the applied loads. Based on the analysis, the proposed crib and foundation design are recommended as solutions to prevent progressive collapse of the Tinjomoyo Bridge. This solution is expected to provide long-term safety and stability for the bridge structure.
Study Tentang Konsentrasi Pegawai FTM BerdasarkanSuhu, Body Mass Index, Lama Pemakaian Masker, dan UsiaMenggunakan Fasilitas Ruang Iklim
Authors: Hermita Dyah Puspita  , Norina Rida , Budi Astuti
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 has spread rapidly in places where people interact socially, with aerosol transmission being a significant concern, especially in enclosed spaces where infected individuals spend extended periods with others in crowded and poorly ventilated conditions. The use of masks is a preventive measure against the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Concerns have been raised that carbon dioxide may accumulate in masks over time, potentially leading to respiratory issues and other problems such as impaired concentration at work. This research aims to conduct an experiment to study concentration based on the physical work environment, including factors such as room temperature, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of mask use, and age. Concentration will be measured through reaction time, which includes visual, auditory, and motor components, using a factorial design method. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between the concentration, represented by the reaction time of the respondents, and several factors: temperature, BMI, age of the respondents, and type of reaction (visual, auditory, and motor). Based on factorial analysis, it can be concluded that temperature, age, BMI, and type of reaction all influence reaction time at a significance level of 5%.
Analisa Hasil Forensik Penerapan Manajemen Waktu pada Proyek Jalan Di Ruas Rancapanggung – Sarinagen Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Nurwahyono  , Antono Damayanto
Published: January 2025

Time management is a crucial process to ensure projects are completed on time, which focuses on planning and scheduling project activities to make them faster and more efficient. This research explores the application of time management in the Road construction project in Rancapanggung - Sarinagen, West Bandung Regency, implemented by PT Basuki - Lesindo, KSO. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the factors that hinder time management and the dominant factors that influence it. The research method used a quantitative approach through questionnaires to 21 respondents, followed by descriptive analysis and ranking of respondents, and validation through interviews. The results showed four main barriers in the implementation of time management, insufficient number of work tools (dominant factor with 44.5%), inappropriate construction methods (43%), lack of communication and coordination among the project implementation team (41.5%), and materials that are damaged or not according to specifications (41.4%). The most dominant factor in the delay was the insufficient number of work tools, indicating the importance of adequate resource allocation.
Peningkatan Kualitas Material Endapan dengan Penggunaan Etanol pada Metode SCU-CP sebagai Upaya Perbaikan Tanah
Authors: Maulasih Resti , Putra Heriansyah , Hendra Prasetia Hendra Prasetia
Published: January 2025

Penggunaan konsentrasi kedelai yang tinggi dalam metode calcite precipitation dapat meningkatkan kadar organik. Kadar organik dapat diturunkan dengan menggunakan etanol pada rentang 20%-30% sehingga pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi kedelai dan etanol perlu dievaluasi untuk mendapatkan endapan material CaCO3 dengan kualitas terbaik. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter laju hidrolisis, pengendapan CaCO3, serta kuantifikasi massa CaCO3 dan bentuk mineral yang terbentuk. Penggunaan etanol 20% pada konsentrasi kedelai 60 g/L menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai laju hidrolisis sebesar 1547 U/g dan nilai tersebut cukup dekat dengan nilai laju hidrolisis urease komersial Kishidan 2 g/L. Selain itu, massa CaCO3 yang terbentuk sebesar 2,97 g dengan jumlah kalsit lebih tinggi dibanding vaterit dan aragonit. Massa organik yang tidak larut pada larutan kedelai dengan etanol lebih sedikit daripada variasi tanpa etanol. Hal ini berkaitan dengan penggunaan supernatan yang menurunkan jumlah kadar organik. Turunnya kadar organik mempengaruhi turunnya jumlah endapan CaCO3. Bentuk endapan yang terbentuk pada kristal kalsit (rhombohedral) menjadi bentuk terbaik dalam mengikat tanah sehingga dapat meningkatkan kekuatan tanah.
Analisis Perbandingan Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan Jalan Lentur Menggunakan Metode AASHTO 1993 dan MDP 2024 dalam Konteks Kebijakan Transportasi Berkelanjutan
Authors: Rafi Sugema Muhamamd , Robi Maulana
Published: January 2025

Perkerasan jalan lentur memiliki peran vital dalam pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Di Indonesia, metode AASHTO 1993 telah lama digunakan sebagai pedoman standar dalam perencanaan tebal perkerasan. Namun, dengan hadirnya Manual Desain Perkerasan 2024 yang lebih adaptif terhadap kondisi lokal, evaluasi perbandingan antara kedua metode ini menjadi penting, terutama dalam mendukung kebijakan transportasi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana masing-masing metode berkontribusi terhadap pengurangan dampak lingkungan, penggunaan material, dan efisiensi energi. Melalui literature review integratif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa MDP 2024 menawarkan desain perkerasan yang lebih efisien dalam penggunaan material dan energi, sekaligus mendukung pengurangan emisi karbon. Namun, tantangan dalam penerapan teknologi ramah lingkungan dan keterbatasan data geoteknik masih perlu diatasi. Penelitian ini menyarankan penggunaan MDP 2024 untuk mendukung kebijakan transportasi yang lebih berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
IMPLEMENTASI DATA MINING UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI BENCANA ALAM DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS: GUNUNG AKTIF)
Authors: Ratih Nurdiyani Sari  , Dwi Setyasih  , Octarina Budi Lestari
Published: January 2025

This research build to predict one of the natural disasters in Indonesia, that is Active Volcano which could erupt at any time. This natural disaster occurs quite often in Indonesia and results in losses for residents who live around active volcanoes. Based on this, the researcher wants to create a decision tree that can help predict the situation before a volcano erupts, which can later be applied so that residents around active volcanoes and ordinary people can know the signs before a volcanic eruption occurs. This research will use the application of data mining with the c4.5 algorithm method as a tool in creating decision trees.
ANALISA STRUKTUR MIKRO MATERIAL SS400 PADA PROSES PERLAKUAN PANAS METODE PACK CARBURIZING MENGGUNAKAN ARANG ENCENG GONDOK DARI DANAU LIMBOTO
Authors: Nurmala Shanti Dera  , Onesimus Kevin Saputro  , Novriyanti Talango
Published: January 2025

Water hyacinth is chosen as an environmentally friendly and abundant alternative carbon source. The test material, low-carbon steel SS400, is treated with pack carburizing heat treatment using water hyacinth charcoal as the carburizing medium. This study aims to analyze the effect of the pack carburizing method using water hyacinth charcoal from Lake Limboto on the microstructure of SS400 low-carbon steel. The analysis focuses on changes in the microstructure, hardness, and carbon distribution on the material's surface. The results show that the use of water hyacinth charcoal as a carburizing medium effectively increases the carbon content in the surface layer of the material, produces a martensitic microstructure after rapid cooling, and significantly improves surface hardness.
PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN KOTAK PAKET BERBASIS DATA ANTROPOMETRI
Authors: Rossi S Wahyuni  , Yuyun Yuniar Rohmatin  , Mei Raharja  , Ayu Tasya Annisa
Published: January 2025

A package box is a container or place that functions to make it easier for the package courier to put the package by requiring some certain body posture movements so that the package can be placed firmly in place. Anthropometry is a set of numerical data related to the physical characteristics of the human body, size, shape and strength and the application of the data to the handling of design problems.  The purpose of this study is to identify the posture of use and develop a package box design based on anthropometric data of the posture of the initial package box user when placing and picking up packages. The results of the calculation of anthropometric data based on the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile precenttility values for the development of the package box design were obtained that the length of the Package Box (95th) was 50.5085 ≈ 51 cm, the width of the Package Box (5th) was 30.6067 ≈ 31 cm, while the height of the package box (50 years) was 136.77 ≈ 137 cm. The comparison of the dimensions of the initial package box is 50 x 50 x 70 cm, while the result of the development of the design of the package box is 51 x 31 x 137 cm. The position of opening the reference package box is carried out with the position of hunched shoulders and the position of reaching the hands down when placing and picking up the package, while the position of the user of the developed package box when placing the package and the position of reaching the forward hand when placing and picking up the package with an upright posture
In Silico Characterization of Lycopene Forming Phytoene Desaturase (CrtI) Protein from Wheat Leaf Rust Fungi (Puccinia triticina)
Authors: Polandos Yehezkiel Vieri , Dwivany Fenny Martha , Meitha Karlia
Published: January 2025

Carotenoid is a highly economical compound with a variety of bioactivities. However, 98% of total carotenoid used is still being manufactured by chemical-based synthesis, reducing bioactivities and is not environmentally friendly, hence the use of biofortification approach is sought.Lycopene forming phytoene desaturase (CrtI) is one of the key enzymes with the potential to develop as bioparts in recombinant carotenoid biosynthesis. CrtI from Puccinia triticina and Blakeslea trispora are considered as promising candidates due to the high amount of carotenoid inthe fungi. This research aims to characterize CrtI enzyme from P. triticina and B. trispora and the interaction with substrate, i.e.,15 cis-phytoene. The results showed that CrtI from P. triticina protein has 2 unique motifs, determining the three-dimensional CrtI protein structure. According to docking analysis, CrtI enzyme from P. triticina is predicted to bind to the substrate more spontaneously as indicated by the lower energy of affinity (-8.3 kcal mol-1) and more residues interaction compared to CrtI from Blakeslea trispora. In conclusion, the CrtI protein from P. triticina is suggested as the candidate for further exploration to design expression in a recombinant system.
Structural Evaluations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro): A Review for COVID-19 Antivirals Development Strategy
Authors: Syaifullah Azmi Muhammad Hamzah , Giri-Rachman Ernawati Arifin
Published: January 2025

It has been almost four years since the first case of COVID-19 emerged, and the antivirals that could work specifically against SARS-CoV-2with a high efficacy are still under development. Main Protease (Mpro) of this virus plays a crucial role in virion maturation during itsreplication within the host cell. This protein works together with the papain-like protease (PLpro) to cleave polyprotein 1a  and 1ab  into a total of16 functional fragments of non-structural protein. Antiviral with the ability to inhibit the activity of Mpro could potentially prevent the virion replication, and they can be developed to target the catalytic or allosteric site of this protein. Antiviral that works on the catalytic site will act as competitive inhibitors of the substrate peptide which leads to the loss of Mpro function. Targeting the allosteric site (e.g. distal site and dimerization interface) will cause allosteric modu- lation of the protomer which could alter the protein 3D conformation and disrupt the formation of homodimer structure. This will affect the geometry and surface structure of the catalytic site which in turn decreases the affinity of the substrate peptide towards the Mpro catalytic site, resulting in a completeinactivation of the protein. Mutation study of Mpro amino acids sequence also reveals that the mutation frequency for each amino acid position isextremely low and negligible. Moreover, it is found that this protein has 24 mutational cold spot residues scattered within its structure which could be targeted for the development of antivirals due to its highly conserved nature.
Business Model Canvas (BMC) Approach for Ecotourism Development Based on Islamic Boarding School Community (Case: Cipeujeuh Valley, Darul Arqam Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School)
Authors: Al-Sakina Nashiha , Yustiana Yooce , Furqan Alhilal
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the potential for ecotourism in Cipeujeuh Valley, which is situated near the Darul Arqam Muhammadiyah Islamic boarding school in Garut Regency. The research examines the factors that drive tourists to visit the area, the level of community engagement, and the development of a community-based ecotourism business model. The data was gathered using descriptive statistics, the Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum (ECOS) framework, and rapid rural appraisal techniques. The results indicate that Cipeujeuh Valley has intermediate ecotourism spectrum, with push factors such as sports and adventure, recreation and relaxation, social status, and quality time, and pull factors including nature and the local community, and enjoying facilities. The community is generally receptive to ecotourism development, with 61.3% expressing interest and 38.7% not. The study suggests that educational institutions, communities, organizations, and families can be targeted through a business model canvas that offers unique environments, sustainable resource use, community empowerment, educational tourism, and economic development. Key resources include natural attractions, religious and local wisdom activities, infrastructure, and a skilled workforce, while key activities involve nature-based and community-based tourism experiences.
Enhancing Lipid Extraction from Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae for Biodiesel Production: Application of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) in Cell Disruption
Authors: Priharto Neil , Yasmin Dicky Nadia
Published: January 2025

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) pre-treatment offers a promising alternative strategy to enhance lipid extraction efficiency from microalgae by influencing the integrity of the cell wall, thereby improving solvent accessibility to the cytoplasm and facilitating the release of intracellular lipid content. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris biomass underwent pre-treatment with four different NaDES formulations, each based on choline chloride (ChCl) with varying molar ratios: ChCl : Glycerol (1:2), ChCl : Glycerol (1:1), ChCl : Oxalic Acid (1:2), dan ChCl : Oxalic Acid (1:1).We analyzed the impact of these NaDES pre-treatments on lipid yield and fatty acid profiles. The extracted lipids exhibited an acid value of 42.56 mg KOH/g fat and a free fatty acid content of 0.25%. Samples subjected to NaDES treatment showed significant increases in lipid extraction efficiency, with lipid yields ranging from 1.25 to 2.3 times higher than those of untreated biomass extracted using hexane (p < 0.05). The highest lipid yield was observed in samples treated with ChCl : Glycerol (1:1), achieving a total lipid yield of 19.44% (w/w), more than double that of the untreated biomass. Although minor variations in fatty acid profiles were noted due to the NaDES treatment, the dominant fatty acids in each variation remained palmitic acid (C16:0, 21-29.5%) and oleic acid (C18:1, 13-43.88%).
Biomonitoring of Air Quality Using Lichen as Bioindicator in The Greater Bandung Area, West Java
Authors: Saragih Dora Erawati , Irwanto Rina Ratnasih , Taufikurahman Taufik
Published: January 2025

Air quality assessment in an area can be determined by conducting biomonitoring using bioindicator organisms, including lichen. Lichen is a symbiotic organism that passively absorbs nutrients and chemical compounds from the air. This research was conducted in the Greater Bandung area, including Bandung City and West Bandung Regency, to observe the abundance of lichen species so that the purity of the atmosphere could be evaluated at each research location and determine the effect of environmental variables on lichen abundance.The survey area was divided into 40 units spread over two locations in Bandung, namely Djuanda street (JD), Kebon Kawung street (KK), and two locations in West Bandung Regency, namely Padalarang street (PD) and Curug Cimahi (CC). CC locations with low levels of pollution were used as comparison areas. Lichen samples from observation locations were identified, and the number of colonies, frequency of closure, and diversity (H’) were counted so that the Index of atmospheric purity (IAP) value at each observation location could be known. As many as 24 species from 14 lichen families with a total of 256 colonies were found in the four observation sites with the percentage of thallus crustose (62%), foliose (37%), and fruticose (1%). The highest lichen diversity was found in the CC area (2.62), followed by JD (1.99), PD (1.63), and the lowest in KK (0.90). The lowest IAP result was in KK (10.21), followed by PD (17.70) and JD (31.85). The location with the highest IAP was obtained at CC (46.65), indicating that the environmental conditions were still good, while other locations were polluted.
Application of Compost Tea and Ascorbic Acid to Increase Productivity and Antioxidant Activity of The Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Nasution Ahmad Raihan , Dwiartama Angga , Putra Ramadhani Eka
Published: January 2025

The common bean is a functional food rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that support good health. Improving common bean yield is essential for enhancing nutrition within communities. This study examined the effects of compost tea, ascorbic acid, and their combination on the productivity and antioxidant activity of upright common beans. The experiment involved six treatments, including a control (water spraying) (P1), ascorbic acid (P2), manure compost tea (P3), BSF larvae production residue (BSFR) compost tea (P4), manure compost tea and ascorbic acid (P5), and BSFR compost tea and ascorbic acid (P6). All treatments, except P6, showed significant differences in productivity. P2 recorded the highest yield at 8,13 tons/ha/cycle and increased productivity by 19,03%, followed by P5 (9,22%) and P3 (3,95%) compared to P1 (control). P4 had a slight reduction in productivity by 3,95% than P1. A combination of compost tea and ascorbic acid increased productivity by 5,07% for P5 and 4,63% for P6 compared to the treatment without combination with ascorbic acid. P2 had the lowest IC50 value, 17,46 µg/ml, indicating the highest antioxidant activity. Compost tea and ascorbic acid combined reduced the IC50 value by 23,12% for P5, but P6 increased it by 32,59%. P5 improved the antioxidant activity of common bean pods when combined with compost tea and ascorbic acid, while P6 demonstrated a better effect without the combination. P3 and P6 had higher IC50 values than the control but lacked the potential to improve the antioxidant activity of common bean pods.
Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Daun Katuk, Jus Daun Ubi Jalar, dan Kefir Terhadap Profil Hematologi Mencit Anemia yang Diinduksi Alumunium Sulfat
Authors: Adnyana I Ketut , Rosmadi Arief , Sigit Joseph Iskendiarso , Rahmawati Siti Farah
Published: January 2025

Daun katuk, daun ubi jalar, dan kefir secara empiris digunakan dalam penanganan kondisi anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh pemberian jus daun katuk, jus daun ubi jalar, serta kefir terhadap profil hematologi mencit anemia. Mencit diinduksi anemia menggunakan larutan alumunium sulfat selama 12 hari berturut-turut kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemberian sediaan uji selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Profil hematologi mencit diamati pada hari ke-0, 12, 15, 19, 22, dan 26. Mencit yang diinduksi anemia mengalami anemia kronis, di mana 80% kelompok kontrol mengalami kematian setelah hari ke-19, sedangkan mencit dari ketiga sediaan uji tetap hidup tetap hidup sampai hari ke-26. Pada pengukuran rata-rata jumlah hemoglobin, jumlah eritrosit, dan persen hematokrit pada hari ke-19, kelompok mencit yang diberikan jus daun katuk memberikan hasil yang paling baik dibandingkan kelompok yang diberikan jus daun ubi jalar dan kefir. Pemberian jus daun katuk, jus daun ubi jalar, dan kefir dapat memperbaiki profil hematologi mencit anemia lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Ketiga sediaan juga mampumempertahankan hidup mencit yang menderita anemia. Jus daun katuk mempu memperbaiki profil hematologi paling baik dibandingkan jus daun ubi jalar dan kefir.Kata kunci: Daun katuk, daun ubi jalar, kefir, anemia. Star gooseberry leaves, sweet potato leaves, and kefir empirically used as treatment for anemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of star gooseberry leaves juice, sweet potato leaves juice, and kefir on hematology profiles of anemic mice. Mice was induced by alumunium sulfate solution for 12 consecutive days followed by the testing materials for 14 consecutive days. Hematology profile of mice was observed on day 0, 12, 15, 19, 22, and 26. The induced mice developed chronic anemia. 80% of the control group died after day 19, whereas the testing groups survived until day 26. On day 19, the gooseberry leaves juice group showed the best and significant result on the hemoglobin profile, erythrocytes profile, and hematocrite percentages. Star gooseberry leaves, sweet potato leaves, and kefir improved the hematology profile better than control group and was able to keep the anemic mice alive. Star gooseberry leaves had the best effect on improving the hematology profile of anemic mice.Keywords: Star gooseberry leaves, sweet potato leaves, kefir, anemia.
The Spread of Rumors in Society: A Mathematical Modeling Approach in Election Case Studies
Authors: Septyawan Stefanus Raynaldo , Bunga Esther Yolandyne , Nuraini Nuning , Arcede Jayrold P.
Published: January 2025

Rumors can be defined as unverified information or statements shared by people that may be positive or negative and circulate without confirmation. Since humans naturally seek factual information for social and self-enhancement purposes, rumors become an inevitable aspect of human life, including in politics, such as elections. The complexity of the electoral process, with various factors such as individual candidates, social circumstances, and particularly the media, leads to the dynamic spread of rumors in society. Thus, it is both interesting and important to understand the dynamics of rumor spreading, particularly in the context of elections. In this article, we formulate a mathematical model of rumor spread dynamics based on different attitudes of people toward rumors. The model considers the spread of rumors about two candidates in the electoral context. From the model, we derived and investigated the basic reproductive number (R0) as a threshold for rumor spread and conducted a sensitivity analysis with respect to all the model parameters. Based on numerical experiments and simulations, it was revealed that the number of people resistant to or disbelieving in rumors increases significantly in the first ten days and remains higher than other subpopulations for at least after first seven days. Furthermore, we found that a high number of people directly affected by rumors, combined with the rumor transmission rate for both candidates being greater than each other, are necessary and sufficient conditions for rumors to circulate rapidly and remain stable in society. The results of this study can be interpreted and considered as a campaign strategy in an electoral context.
Geometric Approach to Predator-Prey Model with Carrying Capacity on Prey Population
Authors: Marshellino Marshellino , Tasman Hengki , Rusin Rahmi
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we explore a classical predator-prey model where the birth rate of the prey is significantly lower than the mortality rate of the predators, while also considering a limited prey population. We incorporate an environmental carrying capacity factor for the prey to account for this. Given the different timescales of the predator and prey populations, some system solutions may exhibit a fast-slow structure. We analyze this fastslow behavior using geometric singular perturbation theory (GSPT), which allows us to separate the system into fast and slow subsystems. Our research investigates the existence and stability of equilibrium solutions and the behavior of solutions near the critical manifold. Additionally, we use an entry-exit function to analytically establish the connection between the solutions of the slow subsystem and those of the fast subsystem.
Optimasi Pemeliharaan Jalan: Model Pengambilan Keputusan Multi-Kriteria untuk Prioritas di Kabupaten Pasaman, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Jumas Dwifitra , Ariani Vivi , Rita Eva , Sesmiwati Sesmiwati , Rozaan Aufaa
Published: January 2025

Jalan merupakan prasarana transportasi yang penting dalam pertumbuhan pembagunan social dan ekonomi. Karena keterbatasan dana, maka perlu menentukan prioritas perbaikan jalan. Agar penanganan jalan berjalan optimal, diperlukan kriteria yang menjadi prioritas utama untuk dipertimbangkan dengan seksama.Pemilihan kriteria yang tepat merupakan aspek yang perlu dikaji karena kondisi dan kebutuhan setiap daerah akan prioritas perbaikan dan peningkatan jalan akan berbeda. Pendekatan analisa yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) dengan mengunakan expert choice. Dalam penelitian ini, hirarki AHP yang digunakan adalah hirarki fungsional yang terdiri dari 3 level yaitu tujuan (level 1), kriteria (level 2) dan sub kriteria (level 3).Kuesioner disebarkan pada 19 responden untuk menemukan bobot kriteria dan subkriteria yang menjadi prioritas pemeliharaan ruas jalan di Kabupaten Pasaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Dari 6 kriteria dan 23 sub kriteria, setelah dilakukan analisis dengan mengunakan Expert Choice, terdapat 5 kriteria dan 19 sub-kriteria yang memenuhi persyaratan nilai CR 0,1. Dalam menetapkan urutan kegiatan pemeliharaan jalan di Kabupaten Pasaman, bobot diberikan pada beberapa faktor, seperti kerusakan jalan (30,90%), aspek ekonomi (19,70%), kebijakan (18,10%), lalu lintas (16,00%), dan tata guna lahan (9,60%). Hasil dari model ini selanjutnya di aplikasikan kepada 12 ruas jalan yang membutuhkan pemeliharan.
Program Analisis Frekuensi Besaran Rancangan Berbasis Website
Authors: Dwi Prasetyo Ginanjar , Achmad Nizar , Widyasari Titiek
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Rancangan bangunan air memiliki perhitungan yang panjang. Analisis frekuensi merupakan salah satu dari perhitungan tersebut. Teknologi yang telah berkembang perlu dimanfaatkan guna mempermudah proses perhitungan tersebut. Sebuah website adalah salah satu pemanfaatan teknologi yang lebih efisien untuk analisis frekuensi, terlebih bila dibandingkan dengan perhitungan manual. Data yang digunakan untuk analisis adalah data hujan harian 11 stasiun kabupaten Sleman dari tahun 2004 hingga 2018. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan perhitungan menggunakan Microsoft Excel dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP: Hypertext Prepocessor. Penelitian ini menghasilkan web analisis frekuensi besaran rancangan yang mampu melakukan perhitungan pilihan distribusi, uji Chi Kuadrat, uji Smirnov-Kolmogorov, dan besaran rancangan pada periode ulang tertentu (2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, dan 100 tahun). Program memiliki tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi dengan rata-rata kesalahan relatif senilai 0,049. Namun, ada kesalahan relatif yang cukup signifikan pada distribusi Log Pearson III tepatnya pada uji Smirnov- Kolmogorov dengan nilai kesalahan relatif mencapai 4,155. Keterbatasan lain dari situs ini ialah input data yang berupa angka dan penggunaan titik (.) sebagai penanda desimal guna menghindari kesalahan perhitungan yang terjadi. Situs web ini dapat digunakan secara umum menggunakan data curah hujan atau debit daerah penelitian yang rencanakan.
Kata-kata Kunci: Analisis frekuensi, besaran rancangan, distribusi hujan, PHP: hypertext prepocessor, website
Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Keselamatan di Industri Konstruksi: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Authors: Kristiana Retna , Wibowo Andreas
Published: January 2025

Abstrak
Industri konstruksi yang merupakan salah satu sektor utama yang menyerap banyak sumber daya manusia memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar sekitar 8% dari total Produk Domestik Bruto global terhadap pembangunan ekonomi negara, akan tetapi masih memiliki tingkat kecelakaan kerja yang fatal sebesar 30-40%. Hal ini merupakan masalah global yang memerlukan perhatian dan upaya peningkatan keselamatan kerja. Terdapat banyak studi yang membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keselamatan di perusahaan konstruksi, dan beberapa studi telah melakukan systematic literature review (SLR) atas studi-studi terdahulu berkaitan dengan keselamatan kerja konstruksi. Namun, SLR yang fokus pada perumusan strategi untuk peningkatan kinerja keselamatan kerja konstruksi masih sangat terbatas. Dalam konteks ini, studi ini bermaksud mengisi kekosongan pengetahuan ini dengan melakukan SLR menggunakan protokol PRISMA untuk mengidentifikasi strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja keselamatan kerja konstruksi. Lima strategi yang dapat berkontribusi pada pengurangan angka kecelakaan kerja di industri konstruksi meliputi manajemen keselamatan proaktif meliputi aspek komitmen manajemen proyek dan pengembangan sistem manajemen keselamatan; pelatihan keselamatan komprehensif meliputi prioritas pelatihan keselamatan, metode pelatihan keselamatan, dan fasilitas pelatihan keselamatan; inspeksi keselamatan secara sistematis meliputi aspek frekuensi inspeksi keselamatan, prosedur inspeksi keselamatan, dan hasil inspeksi keselamatan; alokasi anggaran keselamatan secara sistematis meliputi aspek insentif keselamatan, pembelian dan pemeliharaan peralatan keselamatan, dan gaji personel keselamatan; dan pencegahan melalui desain konstruksi. Studi ini juga merekomendasikan arah penelitian ke depan.
Kata-kata kunci: Kinerja keselamatan, strategi, industri konstruksi, tinjauan literatur sistematis, PRISMA