bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield potential and adaptability of several introduced Burley tobacco genotypes across development areas
Authors: Yulaikah S , Rochman F , Djajadi  , Djumali  , Herwati A , Hamida R , Ridhawati A , Supriyono
Published: February 2022

Burley tobacco is a light air-cured tobacco primarily used in the production of white and kretek cigarettes. Currently the major cultivated variety (TN90) has declined in its performance. To overcome the problem, several new high-quality and productivity genotypes have been introduced. However, these new genotypes have to be evaluated before they are cultivated commercially. This research aimed to determine the yield potential and adaptability of the newly introduced Burley tobacco genotypes for two growing seasons in six locations. Four introduced genotypes (AOB359, AOB656, DBH454, NC7LC) and one check variety (TN90) were arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. Parameters observed included flowering age, leaf number, leaf length and width, yield of dried tobacco leaves, grade index, and crop index. Data were analyzed using PKBT STAT 2.03. The results showed that yield potential varied from 1294.8 – 1527.3 kg ha−1 for dried tobacco leaves, grade index ranged from 55.25 – 55.91, crop index ranged from 70.91 - 84.60 and wide adaptability. The AOB359, AOB656, and NC7LC genotypes produced a potentially higher yield than the check variety.
Coconut cultivation management in Central Maluku
Authors: Asthutiirundu  , Matana Yulianus R. , Maskromo Ismail , Oktavia Farida
Published: February 2022

Currently, coconut is still managed and produced as black copra due to farmers’ limited human resources and capital. In addition, the condition of coconut plants is also old and unproductive. It is time to manage coconut plantations for maximum quality and quantity of production. The utilization of coconut products is not only to primary products but was developed into secondary products. Central of Maluku is one of the centers for plantation commodities in Indonesia. The most dominant plantation commodities in Central Maluku are coconut, nutmeg, cloves, and cocoa. Demand for these 4 commodities competes with each other. Coconut is one of the sources of life for the local community. The management is very traditional, especially downstream, to produce black copra and coconut oil. Coconut oil was produced for local consumption, and part of it was sold to the local market. Meanwhile, mainly copra is produced to supply industrial demand. Therefore, good management practices of coconut cultivation are needed, including improving good coconut cultivation and coconut farming diversification horizontally and vertically.
Genetic variability of pepper mutants (Piper nigrum l.) based on morphological and RAPD markers
Authors: Meilawati N L W , Bermawie N , Niswah K K , Wulandari R A
Published: February 2022

The area expansion and volume of Indonesian palm oil production is not in line with its productivity. The productivity of Indonesian oil palm is inseparable from the plants age, most of which have exceeded their productive age. There are also significant indications of the use of illegitimate seeds,, causing a gap between yield and potential productivity. Efforts to increase the productivity and sustainability of oil palm plantations have been carried out by forming a particular agency that collects and manages oil palm plantation funds. One of the programs to increase productivity and sustainability is the “Replanting of Smallholder Palm Oil (PSR)” with a grant scheme for participating farmers. The progress of replanting realization is plodding. The target of 180,000 hectares per year cannot be realized. Accelerated breakthroughs without neglecting the primary mission of increasing productivity and sustainability are very urgent. This paper is a review on the importance of supporting the PSR seed institutional innovation in accelerating the productivity and sustainability of Indonesian oil palm.
The phytonematodes species on sugarcane plants (Saccharum officinarum L.) at Subang Sugar Factory PT PG Rajawali II, West Java
Authors: Ramadhani R I , Supramana  , Damayanti T A , Putra L K
Published: February 2022

Phytonematodes are an important plant pest in sugarcane. The presence of phytonematodes can cause root damage and eventually reduce plant productivity. This study aimed to identify and calculated the abundance of sugarcane phytonematodes species in the Subang Sugar Factory of PT PG Rajawali II, West Java. The symptoms of sugarcane plants infected by phytonematodes include stunting plants and slender stems, and necrotic roots with blackish purple spots that spread unevenly on young roots. The diagnostic samples, consisted of roots and soil, were taken from the second ratoon cane. The stages of the research included nematode extraction from soil sample by centrifugation flotation method and extraction nematode from the root using the mist chamber method, nematode staining inside root tissue, and nematode identification. The nematode species were identified based on the morphological characters. Eight phytonematodes species, namely Pratylenchus zeae, Xiphinema setariae, Hoplolaimus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Criconemoides morgenensis, Coslenchus paramaritus, Helicotylenchus sp., Coslenchus paramaritus and Tylenchus sp. were identified. Based on the highest absolute population in sugarcane roots was Pratylenchus zeae.
The hydraulic lift response under media moisture conditions on the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Pitono J , Maslahah N , Nurhayati H , Setiawan  , Suhirman S , Permadi RA
Published: February 2022

Cashew was reported to have hydraulic lift (HL) ability, which vertically transferred water from the moister bottom layer to the drier upper one. However, it was tested under homogenous moisture conditions on the bottom soil layer, whereas its response under heterogeneous one was still unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the HL response under heterogeneous moisture on the bottom soil layer on 10 months old cashew. It was conducted in the ISMCRI greenhouse from September to October 2020. The cashew was grown, and its roots were developed into three compartments filled with growth media: one top compartment (T) and two bottom compartments (B1 and B2). The media was subjected to four conditions 1) the whole media in moist conditions, 2) T was dry, B1 and B2 were moist, 3) T and B1 were dry, B2 was moist, and 4) the whole media were dry. The cashew HL was not significantly reduced in the condition where the half part of the lower root was in dry condition. This result indicated that cashew HL was strong enough under heterogeneous soil moisture conditions in the bottom layer. Thus, cashew was potential as a component of water bio-conservation of the land in the dry climate.
Colchicine induced morphological variability in sugarcane
Authors: Yuniyati N , Trikoesoemaningtyas  , Hartati R S , Suhesti S
Published: February 2022

Mutation breeding is one of the tools in genetic improvement. The existence of morphological differences among the mutants and the original indicates genetic changes in putative mutants. The research aimed to determine morphological characters of sugarcane colchicine-induced putative mutants. The materials were 21 numbers of putative mutants derived from the PS 881 variety as a parent. Morphological traits were observed on a seven-month-old plantation of sugarcane mutants in January 2019 at the UPBUP screen houses. The descriptor list consisted of 34 morphological characters, including leaves, sheath, stalks, internodes, and buds. The results showed that putative mutants have a narrow diversity and separated into two large clusters with a dissimilarity level of 0.25 with PS 881. Cluster I consisted of 11 putative mutants (38B, 14A, 33A, 18A, 4B, 31A, 52A, 4A, 3A, 30A, and 6A) and cluster II consisted of 10 putative mutants (54A, 38A, 37A, 36B, 60A, 49A, 27A, 22B, 17A, and 9A). Several mutants have leaves with darker green color, larger stalk diameter, and longer internode than their parents. Further evaluation needs to be done to identify mutants with high production potential.
Possibility to develop biological control agents for plant diseases on ramie plantation
Authors: Hidayah N , Wijayanti K S , Nurindah  , Yulianti T
Published: February 2022

Ramie is a kind of plant from the Urticaceae family that produces fiber from its stems. Currently, Wonosobo in Central Java is the largest location for ramie development in Indonesia. Generally, the development of ramie in this area is conducted in a monoculture which is potential for the emergence of plant diseases that may not have been considered previously, such as basal stem rot (BSR) and leaf spot (LS). This study aimed to obtain microorganisms that can be developed as biocontrol agents (BCA) for BSR and LS on ramie. Isolation of microbes from soil samples of ramie plantations was carried out using serial dilution methods on Martin Agar and Tryptic Soy Agar media. Furthermore, microbes with BCA potential were tested using the dual culture method with fungi associated with BSR and LS. The results revealed that were 11 bacteria and two fungi that have the potential as BCA. Of the total isolates, three bacteria and two fungi showed the ability to inhibit the growth of BSR and LS-associated fungi in the range of 10.78- 73.33% in vitro. These results indicate that there is a potency to develop BCAs originating from ramie plantation soil itself.
Effect of salt stress on nutrients content in soil and leaves of three varieties sugarcane
Authors: Djajadi D , Syaputra R , Hidayati S N
Published: February 2022

The extension of the sugarcane cropping area in Indonesia is directed to saline soil, yet there is still limited information about the effect of salt stress on commercial varieties of sugarcane. A pot study was conducted at the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute greenhouse in 2019. The objective was to investigate salinity influences on three varieties: sugarcane growth, soil nutrient content, and leaves. Treatments included three commercial sugarcane varieties (PS 881, PSJK 922, and BL) with five different watering salt concentrations (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm of NaCl solution added). Results showed that saline stress decreased the organic and available K of soil. Increasing NaCl concentration also reduced the content of N, K, and ratio K/Na of sugarcane leaves. The stalk diameter of sugarcane was also decreased under saline stress. Among the three tested sugarcane varieties, BL was the most susceptible to saline stress in relation to the most reduction in stalk diameter and ratio K/Na.
In vitro antagonistic activity of soil microbes isolated from oil palm to Ganoderma zonatum
Authors: Trisawa I M , Manohara Dyah , Soetopo Deciyanto , Siswanto
Published: February 2022

Ganoderma zonatum is the causal agent of basal stem rot of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in Riau. The research objective was to explore and select soil microbial antagonists to Ganoderma zonatum. Soil samples were taken from the non/rhizosphere of 27 oil palm plants in Kampar and Siak Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, in 2018-2019. The soil microbes were grown on Potatoes Dextrose Agar for fungus and Tryptic Soy Agar for the bacterium. The antagonist was measured by a dual culture method. The colony diameter of G. zonatum the (dual) culture was measured to assess the inhibition potency of the potential microbial antagonists. The soil microbial collected was 138 isolates, including 58 of Trichoderma spp. and 80 of bacteria. The inhibition against the isolated soil microbes to G. zonatum growth ranged from 46-74% for Trichoderma spp. and 0-86% for the bacterium. Seven isolates of Trichoderma spp and 13 of bacterial inhibited G. zonatum growth >70%, have potential as biocontrol agents. Two isolates that showed the most potential as antagonists, i.e Trichoderma harzianum (AC2, rhizosphere) and Burkholderia gladioli (N1, non-rhizosphere) could be developed for further as microbial antagonists.
Molecular analysis of gene from ginger and Zingiber zerumbet encoding resistance to bacterial wilt
Authors: Rostiana O , Syahid SF , Arlianti T , Supriadi
Published: February 2022

The bottleneck in ginger cultivation is bacterial wilt which causes crop damage of more than 70%. Since conventional cross-breeding in ginger is difficult, genetic engineering has allowed new ginger variety resistance to bacterial wilt development. Thus, a homologous sequence of resistance genes (RRS1-R) could be designed and constructed, then transformed to generate new ginger variety tolerance to R. solanacearum. The more resistant genotypes (red ginger and wild ginger/shampoo ginger) were subjected to gene isolation in this research. The red and wild ginger species were first inoculated with a suspension of R. solanacearum before gene isolation. Then, the generated primer was used to isolate homologous sequences of RRS1-R gene candidates from both species. Cloning and sequence results showed that induced red and wild ginger tissues to R. solanacearum were expressed on both species. However, the RRS1-R homologous gene was not detected. Furthermore, the full-length DNA gene cloned from the red and wild ginger species was homologous to the Kafirin gene group. These results indicated that different genes might have been involved in encoding resistance to bacterial wilt in ginger.
Development of contemporary pepper crop (Piper nigrum L.) in West Lampung Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Addharu E , Barus B , Kinseng R A , Shiddiq D
Published: February 2022

Pepper crop has been developed and established in the West Lampung Regency. In line with contemporary agriculture’s with a tendency for standardized management supported by modern communication technology, the current agriculture practice should adopt the situation. In preparation, we need to develop a center of pepper development area through spatial planning. Several factors in developing the main region are actual dominant pepper crops, land suitability, current spatial planning, socio-economy of farmers, communication infrastructure, others that are evaluated using spatial multi-criteria approach. The result showed the potential area as a central area of pepper development, with some prerequisites of development of better agriculture practice for precision farming, and the improvement of farmer using a current mobile phone to access good agricultural practices and the potential market.
The potential of new bio-decomposers for composting sugarcane waste
Authors: Rahayu F , Nugraheni S D , Diana N E , Santoso B , Wijanarko A , Hariyono B
Published: February 2022

The process of composting sugarcane residue by new bio-decomposer consortium formula contain specific microbes with different functions such as ligninolytic and cellulolytic microbes can improve the quality of agricultural waste. These bacteria have the potential to enhance sugarcane litter and other sugarcane residues. The fermentation process led to the C/N ratio of compost serves as a reference for the effectiveness of the decomposition process by bacteria. The research was designed as an alternative to producing organic fertilizers by using four bio-decomposer consortium formulas as ISAFCRI collection and EM4 as commercial bio-decomposer. The physicochemical characterization of 5 composts, including the C/N ratio of compost, is below 12-17, macroelements N, P, K available in compost are relatively high compared to the minimum requirement of SNI. The compost 5 with EM4 bio-decomposer appeared to have lower nutrient yields than compost using other decomposers. Compost 1 with formula one, which contains a consortium of lignocellulolytic bacteria, has excellent potential to be developed as a new bio-decomposer formula for processing sugarcane waste. The pilot test has shown that varieties of composts and organic fertilizers can be made from a mixture of sugarcane residue.
Management of macro and micro nutrients to suppress flower yield fluctuations in productive clove
Authors: Ruhnayat A , Setiawan  , Rostiana O
Published: February 2022

Yield fluctuations in cloves are still an unsolved problem. This study aimed to increase vegetative and reproductive shoots to stimulate flowering by applying macro and micronutrients using 30 years old clove-plant. The treatments tested were: (p0) control, (p1) NPKMg (4:1:3:0,4), (p2) NPKMg (4:1:3:0,4) + 30 g B + 30 g Zn, and (p3) NPKMg (4:1:3:0,4) + 60 g B + 60 g Zn. The dose of NPKMg given was adjusted to the plant-based on the SOP for fertilizing cloves aged 34 years, namely 8.4 kg (N=4 kg, P2O5=1 kg, K2O=3 kg, and MgO=0.4 kg per tree per year). The results showed that fertilizer application could improve canopy and branch conditions after a large harvest season and increase the number of shoots. Meanwhile, micro fertilizers B and Zn (p3) application during the small harvest season can increase the production of fresh flowers 303.27-516.67% higher than the control. During the medium harvest season, it is only 122.37%. In the large harvest season, macro fertilizer (p1) increased the production of fresh flowers by 135.53%, higher than the control. This study indicates that clove plants aged >30 years can still increase their productivity through macro and micronutrient management and suppress yield fluctuations.
Effect of Rootone-F concentration on the cutting-growth of three species of coffee (Coffea sp.)
Authors: Husin M , Marhaeni L S , Tresniawati C
Published: February 2022

Liberica, Robusta and Excelsa coffee are cross-pollinated so that their vegetative propagation uses cuttings. Plant growth regulators (PGR) such as Rootone-F could accelerate root growth on cuttings. The study aimed to determine the effect of Rootone-F concentration on the growth of one segment cuttings. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) from January to March 2020. The research design was a factorial, Completely Randomized Design, with three replications. The first factor was coffee species, i.e., Robusta (BP 936), Liberica (LIM 1 and LIM 2), and Excelsa, and the second factor was Rootone-F concentrations were 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. The characters observed were callus diameter, leaves number, shoots number, and leaf length. The results showed there was an interaction between coffee species and Rootone-F concentration on shoots number and leaf length. Every factor affected callus diameter and leaves number, respectively. Application without Rootone-F (0 ppm) gave a higher value of callus diameter and leaves number of LIM 1. Rootone-F concentration that could increase the shoots number and leaf length was 500 ppm for Lim 1, 400 ppm for Lim 2, 0 ppm for BP 936, and 100 ppm for Excelsa.
Increasing added value of living standards on pepper growth and production towards sustainable agriculture
Authors: Karmawati E , Siswanto  , Syakir M
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the productivity of pepper in Indonesia has decreased due to various problems in pepper farming, both on-farm and off-farm, so the contribution of Indonesian pepper to the world declined. One of the problems farmers face in cultivating pepper is the use of nonliving standards in several production areas, especially in Bangka Belitung and West Kalimantan. The use of non-living standards requires more inputs. Moreover, in the current pepper price situation, farmers have less profit. Observations on the growth of pepper on several types of living standards, namely Albizia, Gliricidia, coconut, and kapok, in Sukamulya, Pakuwon, and Muktiharjo. The experiment was conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2017. At each standard, 1,2 and 4 pepper seedlings were planted. A sampling of 10 plants of each type of standard for observation of growth and yield had been conducted from each plot. The results showed that the alive climbing pole that could be attached for pepper were Albizia and Gliricidia. Productivity of fresh weight at the third year was 1.90 kg per standard used 4 seedlings and 1.87 kg per standard used 2 seedlings.
Isolation and screening of rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vanillae
Authors: Hardiyanti S , Sukamto  , Noveriza R , Mariana M
Published: February 2022

One of the major diseases that can reduce vanilla growth and production is stem rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp vanillae. This research consists of isolation of rhizobacteria, antagonism assays, and identification of the rhizobacteria. A total of 263 isolates were evaluated in antagonism assays. There were 250 isolates isolated from vanilla, and 13 isolates were the collection of Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. The results showed that seven rhizobacteria isolates, i.e., L34, PS4, V116, KB7, KB10, M117a, and V112, could inhibit the mycelium growth by more than 60%. Rhizobacteria isolate L35, PS4, and V112 showed the highest inhibition, i.e., 64.92%, 72.72%, 68.72%, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA sequence, isolate L35, PS4, and V112 were identified as Burkholderia vietnamiensis, B. ambifaria, and B lata, respectively. Further studies are needed to investigate the interaction between rhizobacteria and the host plants and formulate products to evaluate their effectiveness in the fields.
Application of bio-silica and citronella oil nanoemulsion, neem oil, and endophytic bacteria formula for the java tea root-knot nematode population suppression
Authors: Djiwanti S R , Noveriza R , Sukamto  , Nurhayati H , Hoerudin  , Pasaribu G
Published: February 2022

Root-knot nematode is a potential obstacle to sustainable cultivation for the medicinal java tea plant (Orthosiphon aristatus). Some botanical/bio-pesticide formula (citronella oil and bio-silica nanoemulsion, neem oil, and endophytic bacterial Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia cepacia) were evaluated their effectiveness in root-knot nematode control. The botanical/bio-pesticides were drenched on nematode inoculated-seedling plant (var. Orsina 3 Agribun) roots in polybags, twice with 14 days interval. The experiments were randomized block design with two factors, with six treatments for the main plot and two factors as the co-plot. The treatments were replicated six times with ten plants in each replication. Three months after treatment, from the root-knot nematode population, plant growth, and leaves dry weight analysis, were indicated that all formula tested effectively suppressed the root-knot nematode population in the root, except endophytic bacterial formula. However, the synergistic nematicidal effect of the endophytic bacteria formula (1.5%) against root-knot nematode was provided by the root incorporation of bamboo charcoal compost as much as 89.68%. Citronella-oil (1%) and bio-silica (2%) nanoemulsion, and neem oil formulas (1%) effectively suppressed nematode populations (99.33% and 97.65%, and 99.66%, respectively), increasing the sinensetin content/production in comparison with control; and could be evaluated further in the plantation in the field.
Evaluating the effectiveness of botanical extracts on cotton sclerotial fungi
Authors: Yulianti T , Hidayah N , Wijayanti K S , Sunartoand Subiyakto D A
Published: February 2022

Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and R. bataticola caused damping-off, root rot, and charcoal rot on cotton plant. The fungi produced sclerotia, and hence they are difficult to control. Synthetic fungicides had negative effects on the environment, but fungicidal compounds of botanical extracts were environmentally friendly. This research aimed to test several botanical extracts on the three fungi, i.e., extract from neem seed, the mixture of neem seed with clove oil, and citronella oil with ratio 7:1; 3:1; 1:1. The concentration used for the test were: 500, 1250, 2500, and 3750 ppm. Each of the tested fungi was placed in the middle of PDA medium with the botanical extract. Each treatment was replicated three times. The growth of the tested fungi was measured every two days. Neem extract inhibited the mycelial growth of the three tested fungi 2-40 %. When the neem was mixed with clove oil, its effectiveness escalated to 100 %, especially at ratios 3:1 and 1:1. The mixture of neem extract with citronella oil was less effective than that of neem extract with clove oil. Of the three tested fungi, S. rolfsii was the most vulnerable fungus to the tested botanical extract.
Effect of biostimulant and silica application on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production
Authors: Anggraeni L W , Pratama A F , Putri P H , Wahyudi
Published: February 2022

Low productivity of sugarcane occurs due to low soil fertility and insufficient availability of water on sugarcane plantations. In addition to ensuring the soil nutrient availability by applying fertilization technology, nutrient absorption efficiency also needs to be optimized by applying a biostimulant. The research objective was to study the effect of the biostimulant and silica application on the efficiency and effectiveness of sugarcane nutrient absorption based on vegetative growth parameters, sugarcane quality parameters, and sugar rendement. This study was taken place in one of East Java’s sugar plantations from October 2019 to August 2020. There are four different treatments (P1, P2, P3, and P4) besides the control (P0), each with four replications. Data obtained were then statistically tested using a one-way Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan’s Post-Hoc Multiple Range Test. All the treatments showed no significant effect on sugarcane growth parameters. Based on the value, P1 (addition of 200 kg/ha silica and 3 L/ha biostimulant) was the best treatment with Brix and Pol values of 21.60% and 19.46%, respectively (p>0.05). This treatment also showed the best increase in sugar rendement by 28.53% compared to control (P0), which was 12.30% (p>0.05).
Marine seaweeds (biofertilizer) significance in sustainable agricultural activities: A review
Authors: Zafar A , Ali I , Rahayu F
Published: February 2022

The marine environment provides adaptive conditions for many organisms, such as algae, shellfish, mussels, sponges, corals, and barnacles. There is a range of algae in Pakistan’s coastal waters, but, unfortunately, they are not used and are wasted. Efficient use of a valuable natural resource that can increase the efficiency of agricultural operations. Algae are abundant and easily found in a wet environment, either in seawater or freshwater. The seaweed and its products are extensively used in crops cultivation to enhance production systems due to many plant-growth-promoting compounds. It has been traditionally used for the fertilization of the fields since the ancient world. Some seaweeds and auxins, a plant hormone responsible for the vegetative growth and auxin-like compounds, have been found. Algae and their associated compounds can support the onset of seed germination and plant root growth, which applies to temperature, resistance to abiotic stress, and improves plants’ ability to absorb nutrients.
Effect of liquid biological fertilizer on dwarf coconut embryo culture
Authors: Santosa B , Nur M , Lumentut N
Published: February 2022

Organic or biological fertilizer liquid is generally used to improve crop quality in plants grown in-vivo. Liquid organic and inorganic fertilizers have been used as in vitro culture media for orchids and patchouli; it is suspected that liquid biological fertilizers can also be used as in vitro growth medium. The research was conducted to determine the effect of liquid biological fertilizer (LBF) on the growth medium and development of dwarf coconut embryo culture. The study was conducted in laboratory tissue culture Palma Crops Research Institute, December 2020 - May 2021. The study used live combinations of culture mediums, and each used ten explants of dwarf coconut embryos. The results showed that on Eeuwens Y3 100% + 100% sugar medium, all experienced browning, three green shoots (live), and seven brown shoots (dead), the average shoot length was 2.9 cm. Medium LBF 100% without sugar does not undergo browning, and the embryo does not develop. LBF 50% + Eeuwens Y3 50% + 50 % sugar best medium: a minor browning, the highest number of green shoots (8 shoots), average shoot length was 4.1 cm.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve the important traits in coffee
Authors: Santoso T J , Sisharmini A , Syafaruddin
Published: February 2022

Coffee is an essential estate crop that has a tremendous economic impact globally and is cultivated in many countries worldwide. However, due to the long process, the genetic improvement of coffee to develop new varieties through conventional breeding is slow and difficult. In addition, its production is constrained mainly by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, developing superior coffee varieties with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and improved quality is vital. The invention of genome editing technology has evolved the technologies in agriculture. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a genome editing technique that more commonly applied for its simplicity, robustness, and high efficiency, compared to other techniques such as ZFN a nd TALEN. Furthermore, to develop new superior va rieties of coffee, the CRISPR/Cas9 system provides an opportunity to improve by adding desirable traits or removing unwanted characteristics. Therefore, genome editing techniques in coffee breeding can help to increase yield, resistant/tolerant of biotic a nd abiotic, reduce input costs, a nd improve product quality. This article discusses the latest innovations of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique applicable in agriculture and prospectively on genome editing to improve important characters in coffee.
The Role Several Types of Pollinator Insects in Pollination to Improve Fruit Setting in Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) in the Province of Central Sulawesi and North Sulawesi
Authors: Lumentut Novalisa , Alouw Jelfina , Santosa Budi
Published: February 2022

The several types of insects that are potential as pollinators in oil palm include Chelisoches morio (Dermaptera: Chelisochidae), Elaeidobius kamerunicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Thrips sp (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). The role of pollinator insects in oil palm plantations has been explored in oil palm plantations in the Provinces of Central Sulawesi and North Sulawesi. This study aims to study the types of insects that have the potential as pollinators in oil palms plants. The sampling method in the field was carried out by purposive sampling with the transec method at the location of oil palm plantations. Observation of pollinating insects was carried out on 120 oil palm trees (60 trees for observing male flowers and 60 trees for observing female flowers). The results showes that the type of insect very significantly affected the amount of pollen carried on its body. Individuals of C. morio can carry a higher amount of pollen 23%, E. kamerunicus 13.16%, ant and thrips 26.32%. This shows that the insect in the formation of quality and quantity of oil palma.
Screening of endophytic Trichoderma isolates to improve the growth and health of Eucalyptus pellita seedlings
Authors: Siregar B A , Liantiqomah D , Halimah  , Gafur A , Tjahjono B
Published: February 2022

Since its first introduction to the Indonesian forest plantations, eucalyptus has been associated with pests and diseases. As a component of integrated disease management, some biocontrol agents have been developed to manage eucalyptus diseases. Application of endophytic Trichoderma is a critical option in this effort; it has been demonstrated in other pathosystems that the fungus can improve seedling growth and health. This study aims to screen and evaluate the effect of endophytic Trichoderma isolates on the growth and health of E. pellita seedlings. Field isolation resulted in 43 endophytic Trichoderma isolates. The isolates have the antagonistic ability with varied percentages of inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) against Rhizoctonia sp. (4.2–48.6%); Cylindrocladium sp. (4.8–43.5%); and Fusarium sp. (3.3–52.2%). Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process on the variables of the growth rate of the isolates and their ability to inhibit several fungal pathogens, the best six isolates were selected for further tests. In general, the use of single and/or a consortium of the isolates increases seedling height and reduces the mortality rate of the seedlings. In summary, the tested isolates can improve plant vigor, which would later make the plant more resilient against root and foliar diseases in plantations.
The residual effect of soil amendments application on physical sandy soil properties and first ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Hariyono B , Dinarsih R V , Utomo W H
Published: February 2022

Sugarcane cultivation in sandy soil is quite difficult because the sandy soil properties are less suitable for this crop. Soil amendment application might be important as a growth medium for sugarcane. This study aimed to improve the physical properties of sand-texture soil due to the residue of soil amendments application and their effect on first ratoon sugarcane. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replication. The treatment was soil amendments residue which had been applied in 2013 includes 10 t ha−1 of single soil amendment: sugarcane trash biochar (STB), sugarcane trash compost (STC), boiler ash (BA), cattle manure (CM); and 5+5 t ha−1 of combinations: STB+STC, STB+CM; BA+STC, BA+CM, BA+filter cake (FC), and control. The results showed that the residue of soil amendment at 11 months after ratooning significantly improved soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, bulk density, total porosity, and available water content. The residue treatments of STB, CM, STB+CM, gave better effect on soil properties and increased growth, but they did not significantly increase the yield of the first ratoon sugarcane. Therefore, further research is needed with a dose of soil amendments >10 t ha−1 in combination with nutrient treatments.
Endophytic colonization of entomopathogenic Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm) Zare & Gams PTN 10, and its effect on tobacco resistance against Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Yuningsih D , Anwar R , Wiyono S
Published: February 2022

Lecanicillium lecanii is a potential effective entomopathogen against various insect pests. Some isolates of Lecanicillium is also reported as endophytic. However, the information on endophytic colonization of L. lecanii PTN 10 and its role in conferring tobacco resistance against Myzus persicae is not available. The objective of the research was to determine the endophytic colonization ability of L. lecanii on tobacco plants and its effect on the biology and population growth of Myzus persicae. This research consisted of four treatments i.e. untreated plants (K), seed treated with conidia suspension of L. lecanii for 12 hours (P1), foliar spray using conidia suspension L. lecanii one week after transplanting (P2), and the combination of seed treatments and foliar spray. All treated tobacco plants were infested by first nymph of M. persicae one week after L. lecanii treatment. The observations include aspects of biology i.e. life cycle, fecundity, and the longevity of M. persicae. L. lecanii is proven able to colonize tobacco leaves endophytically. The fungus treatment on tobacco plants causes a prolonged life cycle, decreases fecundity, and significantly shortens longevity. Additionally, it suppresses population growth of M persicae.
Comparative effectiveness of three types of pheromones against Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer) and Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) in Indonesia
Authors: Hosang M L A , Rahma  , Maskromo I , Alouw J C
Published: February 2022

Rhynchophorus vulneratus and Oryctes rhinoceros are two major pests that cause serious damage to coconut palms leading to a significant coconut yield loss. Several pheromones have shown the potential as lures for these insect pests. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of Oricmas, Rhynchomonas, and Feromonas, the three types of pheromones, against R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros. In this study, traps baited with each pheromone were installed at the four Research Stations of IPCRI in North Sulawesi, was infected by R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros.Two locations were selected in each station, and at each location, three traps were installed with different pheromones. The research was carried out from April to September 2020. A total number of 3723 R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros were trapped during the study. Oricmas pheromone showed the most effective to trap R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros compared to Rhynchomonas and Feromonas. The number of R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros trapped was 51.18% and 49.82%, respectively. Rhynchomonas demonstrated its effectiveness to trap R. vulneratus, while did Feromonas to O. rhinoceros. For monitoring and controlling R. vulneratus and O. rhinoceros, Oricmas could be used, while Rhynchomonas and Feromonas for monitoring and controlling Rhynchophorus and Oryctes, respectively.
Effect of 6-benzyl amino purine on the multiplication ability of shoots of various sizes of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) bulbils
Authors: Ibrahim M S D , Sulistiyorini I , Tresniawati C
Published: February 2022

Porang plant is very prospective and developed because it has high economic value. The high demand for exports has resulted in increased needs for seeds. Tissue culture using plant regulator 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) has been widely used for seed propagation. This study aimed to examine the effect of adding BAP on the multiplication of shoots at different bulbil weights. Bulbils (corm leaf) were used as explants and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing BAP (according to treatment), 30 g L−1sucrose, and 2.5 g L−1phytagel. This study used two factors Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The first factor was concentrations of BAP i.e., 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg L−1and second factor was bulbil weight i.e., 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g. There was significant interaction at the number of buds and shoots, but not for other parameters. The results showed that bulbil weight had a significant effect on the number of buds, shoots, and plantlet height, while the concentration of BAP had a significant effect on all parameters. Bulbil size < 1 gram can reproduce seeds with the highest multiplication ability when 3 mg L−1BAP was given.
Effects of drought stress and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on sudden-death disease (Cytospora euginae) development of clove
Authors: Budi F S , Widodo
Published: February 2022

Recently, a sudden-death disease caused by Cytospora euginae has been reported in several major clove-producing areas in Indonesia. Previous surveys indicated that drought stress factors are suspected of having an essential role in disease predisposition. This study aimed to know the effect of drought stress and PGPR treatments on disease development. The experiment was arranged in two randomized block designs with two treatments, drought stress, and PGPR. Drought stress treatment consisted of three levels, i.e., W1 = control or without drought stress on 80% field capacity (FC), W2=60% FC, and W3=50% FC, while the PGPR treatment consisted of two levels P1=with PGPR and P2=without PGPR. The results showed that a single treatment of drought stress significantly affected all the indicators of disease development. Meanwhile, its interaction with PGPR treatment only considerably delayed the development of bark canker symptoms. Drought on 60% and 50% field capacity significantly shortened the disease incubation period at 14.4 and 9.7 DAI, increased the disease incidence until 100%, increased area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) namely 505.8 and 572.2, and reduced plant defense response as indicated by a small number of callus formation namely 0.8 and 0.1callus per plants.
Diversity of morphological characters and seed growth of (Amorphaluus muelleri) plants based on sources of planting materials and growth media
Authors: Firdaus N K , Pranowo D , Herman M , Listyati D , Aunillah A.
Published: February 2022

Amorphaluus muelleri has been popular among farmers, with the high demand in the world market. However, the information and knowledge on the provision of seed sources, which is also one of the limiting factors in A. muelleri cultivation technology. This research aimed to identify and characterize the morphological diversity and growth response of A. muelleri plants in polybags with two treatments of growing media as seed sources. This research was conducted in Pakuwon experimental station, the IIBCRI, Sukabumi, from October 2020 – April 2021. The study was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with two factors; source of planting materials (seeds, bulbils, small tubers), and growing media, soil + organic manure (1:1), and soil+organic manure+husk charcoal (1:1:1). The results showed the variability of morphological characters in weight of 100 grains, shape of sources, stem height, age of fully open leaf plants, stem diameter, number of leaves, the emergence of second shoots, canopy diameter, and presence of bulbils. While the results on plant growth rates of the interaction between the factors only occurred on plant height, shoots number, and tuber weight. Planting material from bulbils and growing media with the addition of husk charcoal gave the best response to each variable.
Efficacy of some plant extracts against mealybugs on cacao
Authors: Soesanthy F , Hapsari A D
Published: February 2022

Mealybugs, Planococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), are the secondary pest on the cacao plant. However, this pest often infested cacao shoots in the nursery and causes the death of the seedling. Pest control efforts use existing materials plants in Indonesia and are relatively easy to make and adopt by stakeholders. The purpose of this research was to screen the efficacy of some plants extracts against mealybugs on cacao. We researched in the laboratory of pests and diseases, IIBCRI. Mealybugs were collected from cacao plantations and reared in the laboratory. The materials plants used for extraction were Cassia spectabilis leaves, Gliricidia sepium leaves, Cinnamomum burmannii leaves, Allium sativum bulbs, Reutealis trisperma fruits, and Cymbopogon nardus leaves. The methods were spraying the plant extracts on mealybugs directly (KS) and cacao pod (BS). The results showed that all types of oils at a concentration of 5% in the KS and BS methods could kill mealybugs equivalent to deltamethrin. The smallest value of LC50 3 DAT is at the MSW (KS), while at 7 DAT, LC50 7 DAT is at MDG (BS). The fastest LT50 value is at MSW (KS) 5%, while in the BS method, the fastest LT50 value is on the MBKS 5%.
Spatial analysis for land suitability of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Bogor District
Authors: Muliasari A A , Dewi H , Suwarto
Published: February 2022

Arabica coffee requires land suitability criteria to support its growth and productivity. If an area has infertile soil conditions and has a climate that is not in accordance with the criteria for growing Arabica coffee, then several alternative solutions are needed to determine the suitability of land in that area. Insufficient knowledge about suitable land can contribute to inefficient land use. Information on land suitability for Arabica coffee in Bogor district is not yet available. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of potential land to develop of Arabica coffee commodities in Bogor. Hence, spatial analysis of land suitability was carried out by utilizing the capabilities of the Geographic Information System used an overlay based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM), agroclimatic variables, physical (adequate depth, soil texture), soil chemical properties (pH, base saturation, cation exchange capacity/CEC and land use information. The proportion of land suitability for Arabica coffee was classified into suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable consisted of 398.68 ha, 32,209.4 ha, and 266,617 ha of which area size. The potential land for Arabica coffee showed that there was 126 ha for S2 suitability class, 18,681.00 ha for S3 suitability class, and 280,418.58 ha for the non-potential land.
Potential of Trichoderma and mycorrhizae as biological agents for controlling Ganoderma boninense in oil palm
Authors: Nurzannah S E , Purnamasari I , Siagian D R , Ramija K E L
Published: February 2022

One of the problems in oil palm cultivation is Ganoderma boninense attack, the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease. Basal stem rot (BSR) is the most feared disease because the plant death rate can reach 80% in one area. The spread of this pathogen is relatively fast and not easy to control because it occurs through root contact between oil palm plants. Alternatives for controlling this disease are by using biological control agents. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of Trichoderma and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) as biological agents and find out the recommendations for the formulation that is effective to control BSR of oil palm. Trichoderma and AMF can inhibit Ganoderma boninense. Recommendations for the best carrier material for the growth of Trichoderma in the field are bran and empty fruit bunch (EFB), while the carrier material for AMF growth is zeolite so that it can extend the latent period to 71 days, disease severity to 38.3%, disease incidence to 46.7%, infection rate to 0.23. The combined application of the AMF formulation and the Trichoderma spp formulation can be recommended as a preventive measure for basal stem rot in oil palm plantations.
Urgency to accelerate replanting of Indonesian oil palm: A review of the role of seed institutions
Authors: Ardana I K , Wulandari S , Hartati R S
Published: February 2022

The achievement of expanding the area and volume of Indonesian palm oil production does not in line with the productivity. The productivity of Indonesian oil palm is inseparable from the age of the plants, most of which have exceeded their productive age. In addition, there are indications that the use of illegitimate seeds is relatively significant, causing yield gaps to potential productivity. Efforts to increase the productivity and sustainability of oil palm plantations have been carried out by forming a particular agency that collects and manages oil palm plantation funds. One of the programs to increase productivity and sustainability is the “Replanting of Smallholder Palm Oil (PSR)” with a grant scheme for participating farmers selected based on specific requirements. The progress of replanting realization is plodding. The target of 180,000 hectares per year cannot be realized. Accelerated breakthroughs without neglecting the primary mission of increasing productivity and sustainability are very urgent. This paper describes the results of a review on the importance of supporting seed institutional innovation for the acceleration of PSR towards increasing productivity and sustainability of Indonesian oil palm plantations.