bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meiothermus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S.
Published: March 2018

Mei.o.ther'mus. Gr. prefixmeio‐ less; Gr. adj.thermoshot; N.L. masc. n.Meiothermusto indicate an organism in a less hot place.

“Deinococcus‐Thermus” / Deinococci / Thermales / Thermaceae / Meiothermus

Straight rods, 0.4–1.0 µm in width; the cell length is variable. Long filaments are formed. Nonmotile; do not possess flagella. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Red‐ or yellow‐pigmented colonies are produced. Slightly thermophilic, with optimum growth temperatures of 45–60°C; none of the strains have been observed to grow above 70°C. The optimum pH ranges from 7.0 to 8.5. Growth is chemoorganotrophic, aerobic with a strictly respiratory type of metabolism, but some species grow with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Oxidase positive and catalase variable. Strains generally require yeast extract or cofactors for growth. Sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and polyols are used as sole carbon and energy sources. Ornithine is present in the peptidoglycan. Menaquinone 8 (MK‐8) is the predominant respiratory quinone. One major phospholipid and two prominent glycolipids migrating close to each other dominate the polar lipid pattern; some strains possess only one major glycolipid. Additional phospholipids and glycolipids are minor components. Phospholipids and glycolipids are primarily glycerol based, but some strains also possess 1,2‐diol‐based lipids. Fatty acids are predominantly iso‐ and anteiso‐branched. Branched‐ and straight‐chain 2‐hydroxy and/or 3‐hydroxy fatty acids are present in most strains. Found in hydrothermal areas with neutral to alkaline pH; also isolated from fermenters and paper‐machine biofilms.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 60.9–69.9.

Type species:Meiothermus ruber. Nobre, Trüper and da Costa 1996a, 605VP(Thermus ruberLoginova, Egorova, Golovacheva and Seregina 1984, 498).
Mycoplasma
Authors: Brown Daniel R. , May Meghan , Bradbury Janet M. , Balish Mitchell F. , Calcutt Michael J. , Glass John I. , Tasker Séverine , Messick Joanne B. , Johansson Karl‐Erik , Neimark Harold
Published: March 2018

My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n.mycesa fungus; Gr. neut. n.plasmasomething formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n.Mycoplasmafungus form.

Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Mycoplasma

Bacteria in the genusMycoplasmaare small (300–800 nm in diameter) pleomorphic cells devoid of a cell wall. Culturable species usually form very small (<1 mm) umbonate colonies on agar. Their use of the codonUGAto encode tryptophan is a distinctive characteristic of all species examined to date. As a consequence of their small (usually 0.5–1.5 Mb) genomes they have limited intermediary metabolism and are nutritionally fastidious, requiring exogenous sugars or arginine, cholesterol or other sterols, peptides, and free nucleic acids for axenic growth. In nature, all species are obligate commensals or parasites with varying degrees of specificity for a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The type speciesMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesandMycoplasma capricolumsubsp.capripneumoniaeare highly virulent animal pathogens subject to strict international regulations, but the genus is perhaps better known forMycoplasma pneumoniae, the agent of primary atypical “walking” pneumonia in humans. The relative biological simplicity of mycoplasmas confers significant advantages for current proteomics, metabolomics, synthetic genomics, and systems biology research. For example, the recent chemical synthesis and transplantation of intact chromosomes demonstrated that it is possible to enliven a mycoplasma fully capable of autonomous replication with an artificially constructed genome.

DNAG+C content(mol%): 23–40.

Type species:Mycoplasma mycoides(Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910) Freundt 1955, 73 (Asterococcus mycoidesBorrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910, 179).
Ureaplasma
Authors: Robertson Janet A. , Taylor‐Robinson David , May Meghan , Brown Daniel R.
Published: March 2018

U.re.a.plas'ma. N.L. fem. n.ureaurea; Gr. neut. n.plasmaanything formed or moulded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n.Ureaplasmaurea form.

Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Ureaplasma

Bacteria in the genusUreaplasmaare small (350–500 nm in diameter) coccoid cells, devoid of a cell wall, that form exceptionally tiny (<0.2 mm) colonies on solid media. Like the closely‐related genusMycoplasma, ureaplasmas have small (0.75–1.2 Mb) A+T‐rich genomes, use the codon UGA to encode tryptophan, and are nutritionally fastidious, but unlike mycoplasmas they hydrolyze urea rather than glucose or arginine for ATP synthesis. DNA–DNA hybridizations and serotyping involving a family of phase‐variable surface lipoproteins called multiple‐banded antigens have been important in developing the species concept for this genus. In nature all species are obligate commensals or opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts. Based on the most recent comparative genome analyses, a consensus is emerging that the strains associated with humans, currently recognized as biovars of eitherUreaplasma urealyticumorUreaplasma parvum, probably exist collectively as quasi‐species rather than as stable serovars in their native environment.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 25–32 (Bd,Tm, complete genome sequences).

Type species:Ureaplasma urealyticumShepard, Lunceford, Ford, Purcell, Taylor‐Robinson, Razin and Black 1974, 167ALemend. Robertson, Stemke, Davis, Harasawa, Thirkell, Kong, Shepard and Ford 2002, 593.
G
aiella
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S.
Published: March 2018

Ga.i.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Gaiella
, named after Gaia, Greek goddess of the earth, referring to the origin of the organism (i.e., the earth).

Actinobacteria / Rubrobacteria / Gaiellales / Gaiellaceae / Gaiella

The cells of the type strain are rod‐shaped cells, 0.3–0.5 µm in width and 1.0–3.0 µm in length. The organism is nonmotile and endospores are not observed. The cells stain Gram‐negative and the colonies are not pigmented. The organism is mesophilic, aerobic, and oxidase and catalase positive. The organism is chemoorganotrophic; some sugars, amino acids, and organic acids serve as single carbon sources, but hydrocarbons do not serve as carbon sources. Growth factors are necessary for growth in minimal medium. The type strain does not survive exposure to a 1 kGy dose of gamma ionizing radiation. The peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐Dpm) as diagnostic diamino acid and is of type A1γ′, where
meso
‐Dpm is directly cross‐linked with glycine at position 1 of the peptide subunit. The respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7. Polar lipids consist of three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified phosphoglycolipids. The major fatty acids are
iso
‐C
17:0
10‐methyl,
iso
‐C
17:0
, and
iso
‐C
15:0
8‐methyl. The type strain was isolated from a deep aquifer sampling port. The bacteria of the genus
Gaiella
form, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, a deep branching lineage of the phylum Actinobacteria.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 71.6% (HPLC).

Type species
:
Gaiella occulta
Albuquerque, França, Rainey, Schumann, Nobre and da Costa 2012, 473
VP
. (Effective publication: Albuquerque, França, Rainey, Schumann, Nobre and da Costa 2011, 599).
B
ellilinea
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Sekiguchi Yuji
Published: March 2018

Bel.li.li'ne.a. L. adj.
bellus
beautiful; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Bellilinea
beautiful line‐shaped organism.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Bellilinea

Multicellular filaments range from 0.2 to 0.4 µm in width and longer than 100 µm. Cells are nonmotile, nonspore‐forming, and Gram‐negative. Growth occurs under thermophilic and neutrophilic conditions; optimum growth occurs at 55°C and pH 7.0. Neither phototrophic nor aerobic growth is observed. Strictly anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. Yeast extract is required for growth. In the presence of yeast extract, sugars, proteinaceous carbon sources, and pyruvate are used for growth. Fatty acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds do not support growth. Under anaerobic conditions, electron accepters are not utilized. Syntrophic cultivation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens enhances the growth rate. Known habitat is thermophilic anaerobic sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.2% (draft genome sequence).

Type species
:
Bellilinea caldifistulae
Yamada, Imachi, Ohashi, Hanada, Harada, Kamagata and Sekiguchi 2007, 2302
VP
.
L
eptolinea
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Sekiguchi Yuji
Published: March 2018

Lep.to.li'ne.a. Gr. adj.
leptos
fine; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Leptolinea
fine, line‐shaped organism.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Leptolinea

Multicellular filaments are longer than 100 µm and thinner than 0.2 µm. Cells are gram‐negative, nonspore‐forming, and nonmotile. Optimum growth occurs at 37°C and pH 7.0. Strictly anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. Growth is not observed under both phototrophic and aerobic conditions. Yeast extract is required for growth. In the presence of yeast extract, sugars and proteinaceous carbon sources are utilized, although fatty acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds do not support growth. Nitrate, fumarate, sulfate, sulfite, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, and Fe (III)‐nitrilotriacetate (NTA) are not used as electron accepters. Cocultivation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens does not enhance growth. Known habitats are mesophilic anaerobic sludge.
Leptolinea
‐like environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences have been recovered from mesophilic anaerobic sludges and contaminated aquifer sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.8% (draft genome sequence).

Type species
:
Leptolinea tardivitalis
Yamada, Sekiguchi, Hanada, Imachi, Ohashi, Harada and Kamagata 2006, 1339
VP
O
rnatilinea
Authors: Podosokorskaya Olga A. , Kublanov Ilya V.
Published: March 2018

Or.na.ti.li'ne.a. L. adj.
ornatus
adorned, handsome; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Ornatilinea
handsome, line‐shaped organism.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Ornatilinea

The genus
Ornatilinea
was classified within the family
Anaerolineaceae,
order
Anaerolineales,
class
Anaerolineae
—a chemoorganoheterotrophic branch of the phylum
Chloroflexi
.
O. apprima
is being the only cultivated representative, known so far. As other
Anaerolineaceae
representatives,
O. apprima
is characterized as filamentous, nonspore‐forming, nonmotile cells with a Gram‐negative cell wall, growing strictly anaerobically by fermentation of various sugars and proteinaceous substrates in the presence of yeast extract. In comparison to other members of the family it is a fast‐growing, slightly alkaliphilic microorganism, able to form floc‐like structures and biofilms. It was described as the first representative growing on cellulose.
O. apprima
was isolated from a microbial mat, proliferating under the flow of thermal water from a 2,775‐m deep well in the Tomsk region of Western Siberia, Russia.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 55 (calculated
in silico
from the 45 contigs draft genome sequence with ∼96% of completeness).

Type species
:
Ornatilinea apprima
Podosokorskaya, Bonch‐Osmolovskaya, Novikov, Kolganova and Kublanov 2013, 90
VP
.
C
aviibacter
Authors: Eisenberg Tobias , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Blom Jochen , Kämpfer Peter
Published: March 2018

Ca.vi.i.bac'ter. N.L. fem. n.
Cavia
generic Latin name for the guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
; N.L. neut. n.
bacter
, rod; N.L. masc. n.
Caviibacter
, a rod that is isolated from a guinea pig.

Fusobacteria / Fusobacteriia / Fusobacteriales / Leptotrichiaceae / Caviibacter

Rods. Nonspore‐forming.
Nonmotile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Pleomorphic. Obligate to aerotolerant anaerobe.
Acid is produced from glucose, maltose, trehalose, and salicin.
Indole‐, oxidase‐, and catalase‐negative. Colonies are detectable after 24 h at 37°C. Requires blood or serum for growth
.
Very fastidious
; tiny, dry, butyraceous, later smooth, off‐white, and nonhemolytic colonies.
Flocculent growth without homogenous turbidity in liquid media.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 26.4–26.5 (derived from genomic data [dfgd]).

Type species
:
Caviibacter abscessus
Eisenberg, Glaeser, Ewers, Semmler, Drescher and Kämpfer 2016, 1657
VP
.
O
ceanivirga
Authors: Eisenberg Tobias , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Blom Jochen , Kämpfer Peter
Published: March 2018

O.ce.a.ni.vir'ga. L. n.
oceanus
, the ocean; L. fem. n.
virga
, a slender branch, a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Oceanivirga
, rod‐shaped bacterium from sea water (ocean) animals.

Fusobacteria / Fusobacteriia / Fusobacteriales / Leptotrichiaceae / Oceanivirga

Rods.
Nonspore‐forming. Nonmotile. Gram‐stain‐negative. Facultative or aerotolerant anaerobe. Acid is produced from glucose, fructose, and maltose
;
indole‐, oxidase‐, and catalase‐negative. Fastidious. Slow growth occurs after 4–14 days at 15–30°C
. Growth occurs at 37°C with many passages.
Moderately halophilic (1–4% NaCl [w/v]). Requires blood or serum for growth
.
Tiny, dry, butyraceous, and slightly opaque colonies, faint hemolysis on horse and sheep blood agars.
Capable of building
l
‐forms.
Flocculent growth without homogenous turbidity in liquid media.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 25.4 (derived from genomic data [dfgd]).

Type species
:
Oceanivirga salmonicida
Eisenberg, Kämpfer, Ewers, Semmler, Glaeser, Collins, Ruttledge and Palmer 2016, 2435
VP
.
T
hermoflexales
Authors: Dodsworth Jeremy A.
Published: March 2018

Ther.mo.fle.xa'les. N.L. masc. n.
Thermoflexus
type genus of the order; L. suff. ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermoflexales
the order of the genus
Thermoflexus
.

Chloroflexi / Thermoflexia / Thermoflexales

Thermophilic. Cells form curved or bent filaments. 16S rRNA gene sequences are phylogenetically affiliated with members of the genus
Thermoflexus
and family
Thermoflexaceae
. Found in terrestrial geothermal environments. Currently,
Thermoflexus
is the only genus within the
Thermoflexales
, and the genus is represented by only one isolated strain,
T. hugenholtzii
JAD2
T
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.3%.

Type genus
:
Thermoflexus
Dodsworth, Gevorkian, Despujos, Cole, Murugapiran, Ming, Li, Zhang, Dohnalkova and Hedlund 2014, 2125
VP
.
Coronary chronic total occlusions: How to dilate the tough ones
Authors: Khan Asaad A. , Dangas George D.
Published: March 2018

Key Points

Several chronic total occlusions (CTOs) may be undilatable despite successful wire passage; several techniques can be used for lesion preparation, such as high‐pressure balloon inflations, rotational atherectomy laser, cutting balloon, and scoring balloons.

Presence of moderate to severe calcification and lesion length over 40 mm in association with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and reduced ejection fraction, may contribute to making a CTO lesion undilatable.

Still, appropriate therapy selection for a patient with CTO should be individualized and procedure safety attended to.
Artificial Photosynthesis: Learning from Nature
Authors: Whang Dong Ryeol , Apaydin Dogukan Hazar
Published: March 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Sariciftci at the Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)/Institute of Physical Chemistry at Johannes Kepler University Linz (Austria). The image shows three bioinspired strategies for highly efficient and robust artificial photosynthesis: a) accumulative charge transfer, b) photoprotection, and c) self‐healing (right to left). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cptc.201700163.
Importance of the study context in community assembly processes: a quantitative synthesis of forest bird communities
Authors: Martin Charles A. , Bolduc Patricia , Rainville Vincent , Rheault Guillaume , Desrochers Louis , Giacomazzo Matteo , Roca Irene T. , Bertolo Andrea , Proulx Raphaël
Published: March 2018

Species composition is constrained by two upper‐level processes in ecological contexts where the dispersion of organisms is not severely limited, namely selection and ecological drift. This intuitive framework has motivated a constant flow of empirical models for linking the species matrix to the local environmental descriptors, in which the environment rarely explains more than 30–40% of the variation in species composition. In most cases, researchers only approximate the environmental axes that drive fitness differences between species, as the list of measured descriptors reflect both logistical constraints and hypothesis‐driven questions. Moreover, contextual factors, such as the species pool size (SPS) and the spatial extent of the sampled area, could moderate species–environment associations through sampling effects and dispersal limitations. This study's objective was to quantify the influence of contextual factors (i.e., related to the circumstances in which the study was conducted) on the species–environment association strength on the basis of a synthesis of 156 models of forest bird communities. Our results reveal that factors related to the SPS and the number of independent environmental axes studied affect our capacity to detect selection, whereas spatial factors such as the study's spatial extent and latitude are less important determinants. The study context explains almost a third of the observed variation in the strength of the species–environment association. We conclude that strong species–environment associations can be found for properly designed studies of forest bird communities, which raises the question of whether ecologists have underestimated the importance of selection in community assembly processes.
Simulated climate change increases larval mortality, alters phenology, and affects flight morphology of a dragonfly
Authors: McCauley Shannon J. , Hammond John I. , Mabry Karen E.
Published: March 2018

For organisms with complex life cycles, climate change can have both direct effects and indirect effects that are mediated through plastic responses to temperature and that carry over beyond the developmental environment. We examined multiple responses to environmental warming in a dragonfly, a species whose life history bridges aquatic and terrestrial environments. We tested larval survival under warming and whether warmer conditions can create carry‐over effects between life history stages. Rearing dragonfly larvae in an experimental warming array to simulate increases in temperature, we contrasted the effects of the current thermal environment with temperatures +2.5° and +5°C above ambient, temperatures predicted for 50 and 100 yr in the future for the study region. Aquatic mesocosms were stocked with dragonfly larvae (Erythemis collocata), and we followed survival of larvae to adult emergence. We also measured the effects of warming on the timing of the life history transition to the adult stage, body size of adults, and the relative size of their wings, an aspect of morphology key to flight performance. There was a trend toward reduced larval survival with increasing temperature. Warming strongly affected the phenology of adult emergence, advancing emergence by up to a month compared with ambient conditions. Additionally, our warmest conditions increased variation in the timing of adult emergence compared with cooler conditions. The increased variation with warming arose from an extended emergence season with fewer individuals emerging at any one time. Altered emergence patterns such as we observed are likely to place individuals emerging outside the typical season at greater risk from early and late season storms and will reduce effective population sizes during the breeding season. Contrary to expectations for ectotherms, body size was unaffected by warming. However, morphology was affected: at +5°C, dragonflies emerging from mesocosms had relatively smaller wings. This provides some of the first evidence that the effects of climate change on animals during their growth can have carry‐over effects in morphology that will affect performance of later life history stages. In dragonflies, relatively smaller wings are associated with reduced flight performance, creating a link between larval thermal conditions and adult dispersal capacity.
Water‐Mediated One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction to Bifunctionalized Thiadiazoloquinazolinone‐coumarin Hybrids: A Green Approach
Authors: Wadhwa Preeti , Kharbanda Anupreet , Bagchi Sourav , Sharma Anuj
Published: March 2018

A facile, eco‐friendly protocol has been developed for synthesis of novel bifunctional coumarin‐thiadiazoloquinazolinone containing heterocycles via one pot, three component reaction of 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amines, 1,3‐dicarbonyls and 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde under microwave irradiation in water. Characteristics of the method include the use of environmentally benign solvent and catalyst, mild reaction conditions, moderate to high yields of products and the applicability of microwave irradiation as a source of energy.
Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2, β Catenin Signaling by Juglone Silver Nano Framework for Selective Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Duraipandy N. , Lakra Rachita , Korrapati Purna Sai , Sudhakaran Perumana R. , Kiran Manikantan Syamala
Published: March 2018

The modern biomedical nanotechnology necessitates functionalized nanoparticles for targeted action on diseased cells with excellent physico chemical properties. The present study revealed the potential of fabricating juglone silver nano framework for selective cancer cell death by altering the redox states in the cancer cell and selectively inhibiting its growth and proliferation. Conjugation of Juglone with silver nanoparticle reduced the toxicity against normal cells and specifically only inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. The mechanism of the selective cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on cancer cell was due to down‐regulation of NADPH oxidase 4, Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and subdued Pyruvate kinase M2 by arresting Wnt/β catenin signaling through ROS dependent caspase‐3 pathway. Collectively, our findings epitomized that functionalization of nanoparticle gives up a new perspective for adding‐in and tuning the therapeutic values by altering the redox states in cancer cells. Implications of this study opens up a new horizon in modern biomedicine for tuning therapeutic entities to meet the needs of practical applications in complex biological systems.
T-duality transformations for the NS5-brane along angular directions
Authors: Plauschinn Erik , Camell Valentí Vall
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In this note we study T-duality transformations for the NS5-brane and its orbifolds along angular directions. We identify a geometric charge for these configurations and show that it is interchanged with the H-flux under T-duality. We furthermore perform a supersymmetry analysis and find that T-duality can break supersymmetry, in agreement with earlier results in the literature.

We contrast our findings to compactifications of the NS5-brane on tori, which have vanishing geometric charge and for which T-duality transformations along the compact directions preserve supersymmetry. This shows that the uncompactified NS5-brane and the compactified-and-smeared solution have different properties and behave differently under T-duality.
Multiloop amplitudes of light-cone gauge superstring field theory: odd spin structure contributions
Authors: Ishibashi Nobuyuki , Murakami Koichi
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We study the odd spin structure contributions to the multiloop amplitudes of light-cone gauge superstring field theory. We show that they coincide with the amplitudes in the conformal gauge with two of the vertex operators chosen to be in the pictures different from the standard choice, namely (−1, −1) picture in the type II case and −1 picture in the heterotic case. We also show that the contact term divergences can be regularized in the same way as in the amplitudes for the even structures and we get the amplitudes which coincide with those obtained from the first-quantized approach.
Properties of scattering forms and their relation to associahedra
Authors: de la Cruz Leonardo , Kniss Alexander , Weinzierl Stefan
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We show that the half-integrands in the CHY representation of tree amplitudes give rise to the definition of differential forms — the scattering forms — on the moduli space of a Riemann sphere with n marked points. These differential forms have some remarkable properties. We show that all singularities are on the divisor

$$ {\overline{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}}_{0,n}\backslash {\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}_{0,n} $$

ℳ
¯

0
,
n

\

ℳ

0
,
n

. Each singularity is logarithmic and the residue factorises into two differential forms of lower points. In order for this to work, we provide a threefold generalisation of the CHY polarisation factor (also known as reduced Pfaffian) towards off-shell momenta, unphysical polarisations and away from the solutions of the scattering equations. We discuss explicitly the cases of bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes, Yang-Mills amplitudes and gravity amplitudes.
K0
S − K0
L asymmetries and CP violation in charmed baryon decays into neutral kaons
Authors: Wang Di , Guo Peng-Fei , Long Wen-Hui , Yu Fu-Sheng
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We study the K

S

0
 − K

L

0
asymmetries and CP violations in charm-baryon decays with neutral kaons in the final state. The K

S

0
 − K

L

0
asymmetry can be used to search for two-body doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes of charm-baryon decays, with the one in Λ

c

+
 → pK

S,
L

0
as a promising observable. Besides, it is studied for a new CP-violation effect in these processes, induced by the interference between the Cabibbo-favored and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes with the neutral kaon mixing. Once the new CP-violation effect is determined by experiments, the direct CP asymmetry in neutral kaon modes can then be extracted and used to search for new physics. The numerical results based on SU(3) symmetry will be tested by the experiments in the future.
Universality of quantum information in chaotic CFTs
Authors: Lashkari Nima , Dymarsky Anatoly , Liu Hong
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We study the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in chaotic conformal field theories (CFTs) of arbitrary dimensions. Assuming local ETH, we compute the reduced density matrix of a ball-shaped subsystem of finite size in the infinite volume limit when the full system is an energy eigenstate. This reduced density matrix is close in trace distance to a density matrix, to which we refer as the ETH density matrix, that is independent of all the details of an eigenstate except its energy and charges under global symmetries. In two dimensions, the ETH density matrix is universal for all theories with the same value of central charge. We argue that the ETH density matrix is close in trace distance to the reduced density matrix of the (micro)canonical ensemble. We support the argument in higher dimensions by comparing the Von Neumann entropy of the ETH density matrix with the entropy of a black hole in holographic systems in the low temperature limit. Finally, we generalize our analysis to the coherent states with energy density that varies slowly in space, and show that locally such states are well described by the ETH density matrix.
LIFE+ Traisen: Der neue Fluss – die Umsetzung
Authors: Eberstaller Jürgen , Schmalfuß Roland , Eberstaller-Fleischanderl Doris , Gabriel Hannes , Kaufmann Thomas , Wimmer Helmut , Jungwirth Mathias
Published: March 2018

Die Mündung der Traisen wurde beim Bau des Donaukraftwerkes Altenwörth ins Unterwasser des Kraftwerkes verlegt und verläuft in diesem Abschnitt als reguliertes, geradliniges Gerinne durch das Natura-2000-Gebiet „Tullnerfelder Donauauen“. Im Zuge des LIFE+ Projekts wurde ein ca. 10 km langer, pendelnd-mäandrierender Flussabschnitt neu angelegt, der sich bei Hochwasser dynamisch verändern soll. In den angrenzenden Umlandabsenkungen entstanden vielfältige Standorte für einen durch natürliche Sukzessionsprozesse geprägten Auwald und Augewässer. Ab einem Abfluss der Größe eines etwa 1‑jährlichen Hochwassers (HQ1) trägt auch das bisherige, im Bestand belassene Flussbett zur Hochwasserabfuhr bei. Damit verbleibt bei bettbildenden Hochwässern (HQ1 bis HQ2) fast der gesamte Abfluss im neuen Flussbett und stellt eine ausreichende Dynamik sicher.

Durch die großräumige Geländeabsenkung bei der Errichtung des Flussbettes und seines angrenzenden Umlandes ergab sich ein Materialüberschuss von rd. 1,5 Mio. m3. Diese Kieskubatur wurde einerseits für die Geschiebebewirtschaftung im Bereich der Unterwassersicherung des Donaukraftwerkes Wien-Freudenau verwendet, andererseits auch der Bauwirtschaft zugeführt. Der Abtransport erfolgte in großen Teilen per Schiff über die Wasserstraße Donau. Rd. 1,6 Mio. m3 Feinsediment (Aulehm und Ausand) wurden nach der Kiesentnahme innerhalb des Projektgebietes im Bereich der Umlandabsenkungen wieder eingebaut, in geringem Umfang auch für randliche Vorschüttungen im alten Traisenbett genutzt.

Neben der Schaffung von rd. 30 ha fließgewässertypischen Lebensraums als Beitrag zur Erreichung des guten ökologischen Potenzials im angrenzenden Wasserkörper der Donau (d. i. der Stauraum des Donaukraftwerkes Greifenstein) liegen die Schwerpunkte des Projekts in der Herstellung der Durchgängigkeit des Mündungsabschnitts der Traisen für Fische und in der großflächigen Neuschaffung flussbegleitender Überflutungszonen (rd. 60 ha) mit der für das Europaschutzgebiet typischen Silberweidenau. Damit stellt dieses Projekt sowohl hinsichtlich Planungsraum als auch Bauvolumen das größte LIFE+ Natur-Projekt Österreichs dar und ist zugleich eines der größten Revitalisierungsvorhaben in Mitteleuropa.

Mit der Projektumsetzung wurde 2013 begonnen, die Fertigstellung der Baumaßnahmen erfolgte Ende des Jahres 2016. Erste Monitoringergebnisse belegen deutliche Verbesserungen der gewässerökologischen Verhältnisse.
Multiomics tools for the diagnosis and treatment of rare neurological disease
Authors: Crowther L. M. , Poms M. , Plecko Barbara
Published: March 2018

Conventional workup of rare neurological disease is frequently hampered by diagnostic delay or lack of diagnosis. While biomarkers have been established for many neurometabolic disorders, improved methods are required for diagnosis of previously unidentified or underreported causes of rare neurological disease. This would result in a higher diagnostic yield and increased patient numbers required for interventional studies. Recent studies using next‐generation sequencing and metabolomics have led to identification of novel disease‐causing genes and biomarkers. This combined approach can assist in overcoming challenges associated with analyzing and interpreting the large amount of data obtained from each technique. In particular, metabolomics can support the pathogenicity of sequence variants in genes encoding enzymes or transporters involved in metabolic pathways. Moreover, metabolomics can show the broader perturbation caused by inborn errors of metabolism and identify a metabolic fingerprint of metabolic disorders. As such, using “omics” has great potential to meet the current needs for improved diagnosis and elucidation of rare neurological disease.
Taming the runabout imagination ticket
Authors: Berto Francesco
Published: March 2018

The ‘puzzle of imaginative use’ (Kind and Kung in Knowledge through imagination, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) asks: given that imagination is arbitrary escape from reality, how can it have any epistemic value? In particular, imagination seems to be logically anarchic, like a runabout inference ticket: one who imaginesAmay also imagine whateverBpops to one’s mind by free mental association. This paper argues that at least a certain kind of imaginative exercise—reality-oriented mental simulation—is not logically anarchic. Showing this is part of the task of solving the puzzle. Six plausible features of imagination, so understood, are listed. Then a formal semantics is provided, whose patterns of logical validity and invalidity model the six features.
Congenital Pouch Colon: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Divya , Kaur Ladbans
Published: March 2018

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is a rare condition in which a variable length of colon is converted into a pouch which communicates with the urogenital tract. We report the antenatal sonographic findings of a boy found to have CPC type I postnatally, which was suspected to be an anorectal malformation in utero. This entity has been described in the literature mainly from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, it is an important differential diagnosis to be kept in mind in fetuses with abnormal large bowel pattern.
Relief generation from 3D scenes guided by geometric texture richness
Authors: Miao Yongwei , Sun Yuliang , Fang Xudong , Chen Jiazhou , Zhang Xudong , Pajarola Renato
Published: March 2018

Typically, relief generation from an input 3D scene is limited to either bas-relief or high-relief modeling. This paper presents a novel unified scheme for synthesizing reliefs guided by the geometric texture richness of 3D scenes; it can generate both basand high-reliefs. The type of relief and compression coefficient can be specified according to the user’s artistic needs. We use an energy minimization function to obtain the surface reliefs, which contains a geometry preservation term and an edge constraint term. An edge relief measure determined by geometric texture richness and edge z-depth is utilized to achieve a balance between these two terms. During relief generation, the geometry preservation term keeps local surface detail in the original scenes, while the edge constraint term maintains regions of the original models with rich geometric texture. Elsewhere, in highreliefs, the edge constraint term also preserves depth discontinuities in the higher parts of the original scenes. The energy function can be discretized to obtain a sparse linear system. The reliefs are obtained by solving it by an iterative process. Finally, we apply non-linear compression to the relief to meet the user’s artistic needs. Experimental results show the method’s effectiveness for generating both bas- and high-reliefs for complex 3D scenes in a unified manner.
Customization of therapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Mizrak Kaya Dilsa , Harada Kazuto , Amlashi Fatemeh G. , Vasilakopoulou Maria , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: March 2018

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEACs) remain a global health problem. These are most often diagnosed at advanced stage and the estimated 5‐year relative survival rate is about 5%. Although cure is not possible for patients with advanced GEAC, systemic therapy (chemotherapy or biochemotherapy) can palliate symptoms, improve survival and provide a better quality of life. One of the most promising options for some patients with advanced stage GEAC is immunotherapy, which can result in durable responses. Numerous phase III trials evaluating targeted therapies in different lines are ongoing and it is hoped that better biomarkers will emerge to identify patients who can benefit from targeted agents and immunotherapy in the future. Surgery remains as the corner stone for localized GEAC and adjunctive therapies can increase the survival rates by about 10%. The high toxicity and low completion rates of adjuvant therapy led to the strategies of preoperative treatment. With the results of ongoing pre‐operative therapy trials we will be able to determine the optimal adjunctive approach for resectable GEAC.
Apolipoprotein E genotypes and longevity across dementia disorders
Authors: Skillbäck Tobias , Lautner Ronald , Mattsson Niklas , Schott Jonathan M. , Skoog Ingmar , Nägga Katarina , Kilander Lena , Wimo Anders , Winblad Bengt , Eriksdotter Maria , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: March 2018

Introduction

The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its implication in other dementias is less well studied.

Methods

We used a data set on 2858 subjects (1098 AD, 260 vascular dementia [VaD], 145 mixed AD and VaD, 90 other dementia diagnoses, and 1265 controls) to examine the association of APOE polymorphisms with clinical dementia diagnoses, biomarker profiles, and longevity.

Results

The ε4 allele was associated with reduced longevity as ε4 versus ε3 homozygotes lived on average 2.6 years shorter (P = .006). In AD, ε4 carriers lived 1.0 years shorter than noncarriers (P = .028). The ε4 allele was more prevalent in AD, mixed AD and VaD, and VaD patients compared to controls, but not in other dementia disorders.

Discussion

The APOE ε4 allele is influential in AD but might also be of importance in VaD and in mixed AD and VaD, diseases in which concomitant AD pathology is common.
The Relationship Between Body Image Concerns and Weight-Related Behaviours of Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shagar Pravina Santhira , Harris Neil , Boddy Jennifer , Donovan Caroline L.
Published: March 2018

This systematic review investigates evidence on the association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults. It includes peer-reviewed journal articles reporting research involving body image concerns and weight-related behaviours of adolescents and emerging adults, published between 2005–2017, and located through systematic searches from four databases. This review includes studies from 11 countries or regions: United States (n= 13), Asia (n= 9), Europe (n= 8), Middle East (n= 3), South America (Brazil;n= 3), Canada (n= 3), Australia (n= 1), New Zealand (n= 1), Trinidad (n= 1), Turkey (n= 1) and Seychelles (n= 1); 24 different countries (n= 1); three Asian countries and the United States (n= 1). Out of 46 studies included in this review, 45 studies reported a positive association between body image concerns and weight-related behaviours. Adolescents and emerging adults who misperceived their weight engaged in weight-related behaviours. Higher body dissatisfaction had a significant association in the development of eating disorders and extreme weight-loss behaviours. Body image concerns play a significant role in adolescents and emerging adults engaging in weight-related behaviours. Experimental research designs are required to determine the causality of this association. Evidence strongly suggests policy makers and public health practitioners contemplate strategies to promote positive body image and healthy weight-related behaviours among adolescents and emerging adults.
Amsterdam's Greek merchants: protégés of the Dutch, beneficiaries of the Russians, subjects of the Ottomans and supporters of Greece
Authors: Çolak Hasan
Published: March 2018

Merchant diasporas have long attracted the attention of scholars through the narrow prisms of ‘nations’ and states. The history of Amsterdam's Greek Orthodox merchants, together with the other cases—who left the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century and established a seemingly controversial range of networks involving the Dutch, Russian, Ottoman and Greek states there—is an oft-quoted example. This article draws attention to some of the problematic aspects of these perceptions of the relations between states and diaspora merchants. The main tenet of the article is that nation- and state-centred perspectives are limited in explaining the full scope of flexibility and pragmatism displayed by the diaspora merchants.
Ottoman textiles and Greek clerical vestments: prolegomena on a neglected aspect of ecclesiastical material culture
Authors: Vryzidis Nikolaos
Published: March 2018

This article discusses a neglected aspect of Greek ecclesiastical material culture: the wide use of Ottoman textiles after the conquest of Constantinople. My discussion will touch upon Greek archival sources before analysing three different types of textiles: aniconic silks and velvets; Ottoman figural production for the Christian market; and embroidery of the Byzantine tradition featuring Ottoman motifs. These categories represent three different points of contact between Ottoman aesthetic and Greek ecclesiastical material culture. If the use of aniconic textiles expresses the employment of court aesthetic, then the figural silks represent the weaving industry's response to a Christian demand for such products. Finally, the Byzantine-tradition embroideries discussed constitute evidence of artistic confluence.
A newly discovered photograph of the tombstone of Patriarch Meletios II
Authors: Clogg Richard , Dendrinos Charalambos
Published: March 2018

Since the publication of our article on the tombstone of Meletios II in Muswell Hill, London, in Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41.2 (2017), a photograph, probably taken in the 1920s and showing the tombstone in the garden of North Bank, has come to light. At that time, the tombstone was in much better condition than it now is. It had not then broken into pieces. The jagged edge at the bottom of the tombstone may be an indication that it is not complete.
Protection and salvation: an eleventh-century silver vessel, its imagery, and its function
Authors: Frentrop Lara
Published: March 2018

A small silver bowl, discovered in Russia and usually attributed to eleventh-century Byzantium, displays a range of unusual imagery that has complicated its interpretation. The role of the saint and prayer on the vessel and the emphasis placed on intercession as well as on protection, this paper will suggest, was to protect the vessel's owner both on earth and in his afterlife. The vessel, which makes visible contemporary ideas about punishment, Last Things, and salvation, presents a fragmentary image of the Last Judgement designed to stress the importance of heavenly justice and to remind its viewer to remain virtuous.
Möbius disjointness along ergodic sequences for uniquely ergodic actions
Authors: KUŁAGA-PRZYMUS JOANNA , LEMAŃCZYK MARIUSZ
Published: March 2018

We show that there is an irrational rotation $Tx=x+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ and a continuous $\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}:\mathbb{T}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for each (continuous) uniquely ergodic flow ${\mathcal{S}}=(S_{t})_{t\in \mathbb{R}}$ acting on a compact metric space $Y$, the automorphism $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},{\mathcal{S}}}$ acting on $(X\times Y,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}\otimes \unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$ by the formula $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},{\mathcal{S}}}(x,y)=(Tx,S_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}(x)}(y))$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ stands for the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{T}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ denotes the unique ${\mathcal{S}}$-invariant measure, has the property of asymptotically orthogonal powers. This gives a class of relatively weakly mixing extensions of irrational rotations for which Sarnak’s conjecture on the Möbius disjointness holds for all uniquely ergodic models of $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},{\mathcal{S}}}$. Moreover, we obtain a class of ‘random’ ergodic sequences $(c_{n})\subset \mathbb{Z}$ such that if $\boldsymbol{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ denotes the Möbius function, then $$\begin{eqnarray}\lim _{N\rightarrow \infty }\frac{1}{N}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leq N}g(S_{c_{n}}y)\boldsymbol{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}(n)=0\end{eqnarray}$$ for all (continuous) uniquely ergodic flows ${\mathcal{S}}$, all $g\in C(Y)$ and $y\in Y$.
Generic properties of extensions
Authors: SCHNURR MIKE
Published: March 2018

Motivated by the classical results by Halmos and Rokhlin on the genericity of weakly but not strongly mixing transformations and the Furstenberg tower construction, we show that weakly but not strongly mixing extensions on a fixed product space with both measures non-atomic are generic. In particular, a generic extension does not have an intermediate nilfactor.
A combinatorial classification of postcritically fixed Newton maps
Authors: DRACH KOSTIANTYN , MIKULICH YAUHEN , RÜCKERT JOHANNES , SCHLEICHER DIERK
Published: March 2018

We give a combinatorial classification for the class of postcritically fixed Newton maps of polynomials as dynamical systems. This lays the foundation for classification results of more general classes of Newton maps. A fundamental ingredient is the proof that for every Newton map (postcritically finite or not) every connected component of the basin of an attracting fixed point can be connected to$\infty$through a finite chain of such components.
Educational background and access to legal academia
Authors: Davies Mark
Published: March 2018

The focus of this paper is upon the educational background of academic lawyers in England and Wales and the extent to which qualifications from certain institutions may be seen as acting as a proxy for social class. In recent years higher educational background and socio-economic background have been significant topics of research relating to entry to the legal professions and judiciary in England and Wales. There is a relative absence of such research relating to academic lawyers. The research discussed in this paper aims to close that gap. The paper argues that critiques relating to the elite nature of the traditional legal professions in terms of educational background have parallels within the academic legal community, evidenced by a dominance of those educated at Cambridge, Oxford and other Russell Group institutions, with relatively lower proportions of graduates from other sectors, most notably the post-1992 universities. The paper further argues that economic hurdles to entry to an academic legal career are significantly higher than those for other law related careers, potentially exacerbating issues of socio-economic exclusion. The conclusion drawn is that law schools should engage proactively with measures to expand opportunities for entrants into the academic legal community from candidates from a much wider range of educational backgrounds.
Starch synthase IIIa and starch branching enzyme IIb-deficient mutant rice line ameliorates pancreatic insulin secretion in rats: screening and evaluating mutant rice lines with antidiabetic functionalities
Authors: Tanaka Yasutake , Takahashi Kiyomi , Kato Jun-ichi , Sawazaki Ai , Akasaka Taiki , Fujita Naoko , Kumamaru Toshihide , Saito Yuhi , Shirouchi Bungo , Sato Masao
Published: March 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease spreading worldwide that has been reported to worsen the development and progression of other diseases (cancer, vascular diseases and dementia). To establish functional rice lines with anti-postprandial hyperglycaemic effects, we developed mutant rice lines, which lack one or two gene(s) related to starch synthesis, and evaluated their effects. Powder of mutant rice lines or other grains was loaded to rats fasted overnight (oral grain powder loading test). Incremental area under time-concentration curves (iAUC) were calculated with monitored blood glucose levels. Rice lines with anti-postprandial hyperglycaemic effects were separated by cluster analysis with calculated iAUC. A double mutant rice #4019 (starch synthase IIIa (ss3a)/branching enzyme IIb (be2b)), one of the screened mutant rice lines, was fed to Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model for type 2 diabetes, for 5 weeks. Plasma levels of C-peptide, a marker of pancreatic insulin secretion, were measured with ELISA. Forin vitrostudy, a rat pancreatic cell line was cultured with a medium containing rat serum which was sampled from rats fed #4019 diet for 2 d. After 24-h of incubation, an insulin secretion test was performed. Through the oral rice powder loading test, seven rice lines were identified as antidiabetic rice lines. The intake of #4019 diet increased plasma C-peptide levels of GK rats. This result was also observedin vitro.In rat serum added to cell medium, ornithine was significantly increased by the intake of #4019. In conclusion, the mutant rice #4019 promoted pancreatic insulin secretion via elevation of serum ornithine levels.