bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Latine students’ perceptions of their high school counselors’ capitalization of community cultural wealth
Authors: Vela Javier Cavazos , Guerra Federico , Zamora Elizabeth , Perez Erika
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study explored the experiences of Latine college students with their high school counselors about community cultural wealth. The study aimed to understand how high school counselors cultivated Latine students’ navigational, aspirational, linguistic, familial, social, and resistant capital. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with eight Latine college students attending a Hispanic‐Serving Institution. The findings revealed that high school counselors supported Latine students’ navigational and aspirational capital but did not cultivate their linguistic, familial, social, and resistant capital. Implications for practice include the need for culturally appropriate interventions, advocacy for better student–counselor ratios, and using the ASCA National Model and Empowerment Model to design interventions that cultivate Latine students’ community cultural wealth.
Ferumoxytol‐Enhanced Cardiac Cine MRI Reconstruction Using a Variable‐Splitting Spatiotemporal Network
Authors: Gao Chang , Ming Zhengyang , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Pang Jianing , Bedayat Arash , Dale Brian M. , Zhong Xiaodong , Finn J. Paul
Published: March 2024

Background

Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) imaging is commonly used in cardiac cine MRI but prone to image artifacts. Ferumoxytol‐enhanced (FE) gradient echo (GRE) has been proposed as an alternative. Utilizing the abundance of bSSFP images to develop a computationally efficient network that is applicable to FE GRE cine would benefit future network development.

Purpose

To develop a variable‐splitting spatiotemporal network (VSNet) for image reconstruction, trained on bSSFP cine images and applicable to FE GRE cine images.

Study Type

Retrospective and prospective.

Subjects

41 patients (26 female, 53 ± 19 y/o) for network training, 31 patients (19 female, 49 ± 17 y/o) and 5 healthy subjects (5 female, 30 ± 7 y/o) for testing.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T and 3T, bSSFP and GRE.

Assessment

VSNet was compared to VSNet with total variation loss, compressed sensing and low rank methods for 14× accelerated data. The GRAPPA×2/×3 images served as the reference. Peak signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were measured. Qualitative image ranking and scoring were independently performed by three readers. Latent scores were calculated based on scores of each method relative to the reference.

Statistics

Linear mixed‐effects regression, Tukey method, Fleiss' Kappa, Bland–Altman analysis, and Bayesian categorical cumulative probit model. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

VSNet achieved significantly higher PSNR (32.7 ± 0.2), SSIM (0.880 ± 0.004), rank (2.14 ± 0.06), and latent scores (−1.72 ± 0.22) compared to other methods (rank >2.90, latent score < −2.63). Fleiss' Kappa was 0.52 for scoring and 0.61 for ranking. VSNet showed no significantly different LV and RV ESV (P = 0.938) and EF (P = 0.143) measurements, but statistically significant different (2.62 mL) EDV measurements compared to the reference.

Conclusion

VSNet produced the highest image quality and the most accurate functional measurements for FE GRE cine images among the tested 14× accelerated reconstruction methods.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Identifying COVID‐19 subtypes by single‐sample gene set enrichemnt analysis and providing guidance for sensitive drug selection
Authors: Xiong Nan , Sun Qiangming
Published: March 2024

This study aimed at using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis scores to cluster naso/pharyngeal swab specimen samples from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients into two clusters. One cluster with higher fractions of immune cells and more active inflammatory‐related pathways was called the Immunity‐High (Immunity‐H) group, and the other one was called the Immunity‐Low group. We explored impacts of the method on COVID‐19 treatment. First, given that the Immunity‐H group was mainly enriched in inflammatory‐related pathways and had higher fractions of inflammatory cells, the Immunity‐H group may obtain more curative effects from anti‐inflammatory treatment. Second, we searched some hot genes from the PubMed platform that had been studied by researchers and found these genes upregulated in the Immunity‐H group, so we speculated the Immunity‐H group and Immunity‐Low group may have different curative effects from drugs targeting these genes. Finally, we screened out hub genes for the Immunity‐H group and predicted potential drugs for these hub genes by a public data set (http://dgidb.genome.wustl.edu). These hub genes are significantly upregulated in the Immunity‐H group and neutrophils so that the Immunity‐H group may obtain different treatment results from potential drugs compared with the Immunity‐Low group. Therefore, the cluster method may provide help in drug development and administration for COVID‐19 patients.
Improved fluorescence‐based assay for rapid screening and evaluation of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yan Haohao , Zhou Jiahao , Yan Gangan , Liu Xiaoping , Shang Chao , Chen Yunyu
Published: March 2024

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a global threat to human health. In parallel with vaccines, efficacious antivirals are urgently needed. SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) is an attractive drug target for antiviral development owing to its key roles in virus replication and host immune evasion. Due to the limitations of currently available methods, the development of novel high‐throughput screening assays is of the highest importance for the discovery of Mpro inhibitors. In this study, we first developed an improved fluorescence‐based assay for rapid screening of Mpro inhibitors from an anti‐infection compound library using a versatile dimerization‐dependent red fluorescent protein (ddRFP) biosensor. Utilizing this assay, we identified MG‐101 as a competitive Mpro inhibitor in vitro. Moreover, our results revealed that ensitrelvir is a potent Mpro inhibitor, but baicalein, chloroquine, ebselen, echinatin, and silibinin are not. Therefore, this robust ddRFP assay provides a faithful avenue for rapid screening and evaluation of Mpro inhibitors to fight against COVID‐19.
Tomorrow is already here: Exploring how corporate foresight can contribute to ambidexterity
Authors: van der Duin Patrick , Trott Paul , Marzi Giacomo
Published: March 2024

Corporate foresight involves strategically exploring multiple potential futures and serves as a tool to guide organizational decision‐making processes. Despite its significance, a predominant focus on immediate, short‐term issues often characterizes the operational mindset of many companies. As a result, companies frequently encounter challenges in achieving organizational ambidexterity—the ability to balance and leverage both the exploitation of current capabilities and the exploration of new opportunities in the future. In this paper, we propose a theoretical investigation of corporate foresight. We develop a conceptual framework that delineates different relationships between corporate foresight and organizational ambidexterity, providing a structured approach to understand how these concepts interact and influence each other. Our framework proposes three ways corporate foresight can significantly enhance ambidexterity within organizations. First, corporate foresight can be pivotal in identifying and analyzing future trends and disruptions, which can inform strategic decision‐making. Secondly, corporate foresight can better align an organization's long‐term strategic goals and short‐term operational objectives, thus enhancing ambidexterity. Finally, corporate foresight can bridge different organizational units, promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing, aiding in developing a holistic approach to strategic planning that encompasses daily operational excellence and future‐oriented strategic posture.
Effect of Potentilla anserina L. powder on gel properties and volatile flavor characteristics of silver carp surimi
Authors: Li Wenting , Liu Hongchao , Zhang Zhen , Liu Yiyi , Zhang Xuehua , Qu Yinghong , Shi Wenzheng
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Potentilla anserina L. is rich in various nutrients, active ingredients and unique flavor, comprising a natural nutrition and health food. However, its application in aquatic food has been rarely reported. Therefore, the effects of Potentilla anserina L. powder (PAP) on gel properties and volatile flavor profile of silver carp surimi were investigated.

RESULTS

The gel strength and water‐holding capacity of the surimi gels were significantly improved (P < 0.05), and the whiteness and cooking loss of all the samples decreased slightly with the increase in PAP content. The addition of PAP shortened the relaxation time (T2) of the surimi gels and converted some of the free water into immobile or bound water, which resulted in a better immobilization of water in the surimi. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the network of surimi gels with PAP added was denser and had a smoother surface compared to the control. Volatile components (VCs) analysis showed that 33 VCs were identified in the surimi gel samples with different additions of PAP, among which aldehydes, alcohols and esters were the major VCs, accounting for more than 50% of the VCs in the surimi gels. PAP addition reduced the fishy and rancid flavor compounds in surimi gels, such as 1‐propanol, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, etc., and promoted the production of aldehydes, alcohols, esters and other flavor substances.

CONCLUSION

These results of the present study provide theoretical support for the investigation and development of new nutrient‐health‐flavored surimi products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative analysis of paraspinal muscle imbalance between idiopathic scoliosis and congenital scoliosis from the transcriptome aspect
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Junduo , Tan Haining , Jiao Yang , Chen Xin , Shen Jianxiong
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous studies have analyzed paraspinal muscle imbalance in idiopathic scoliosis (IS) with methods including imaging, histology and electromyography. However, whether paraspinal muscle imbalance is the cause or the consequence of spinal deformities in IS remains unclear. Comparison of paraspinal muscle imbalance between IS and congenital scoliosis (CS) may shed some light on the causality of paraspinal muscle imbalance and IS. This study aimed to elucidate the generality and individuality of paraspinal muscle imbalance between IS and CS from gene expression.

Methods

Five pairs of surgical‐treated IS and CS patients were matched. Bilateral paraspinal muscles at the apex were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the convexity and concavity in both IS and CS were identified. Comparison of DEGs between IS and CS was conducted to discriminate IS‐specific DEGs from DEGs shared by both IS and CS. Bioinformatics analysis was performed. The top 10 hub genes in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of IS‐specific DEGs were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 10 pairs of IS and CS patients.

Results

A total of 370 DEGs were identified in IS, whereas 380 DEGs were identified in CS. Comparison of DEGs between IS and CS identified 59 DEGs shared by IS and CS, along with 311 DEGs specific for IS. These IS‐specific DEGs were enriched in response to external stimulus and signaling receptor binding in GO terms and calcium signaling pathway in KEGG pathways. The top 10 hub genes in the PPI network of IS‐specific DEGs include BDKRB1, PRH1‐TAS2R14, CNR2, NPY4R, HTR1E, CXCL3, ICAM1, ALB, ADIPOQ, and GCGR. Among these hub genes, the asymmetrical expression of PRH1‐TAS2R14 and ADIPOQ in IS but not CS were validated by qPCR.

Conclusions

Transcriptomic differences in bilateral paraspinal muscles between the convexity and concavity in IS share few similarities with those in CS.
Extrapolation to mixed Herz spaces and its applications
Authors: Wei Mingquan
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we extend the extrapolation theory to mixed Herz spaces and . To prove the main result, we first study the dual spaces of mixed Herz spaces, and then give the boundedness of the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on mixed Herz spaces. By using the extrapolation theorems, we obtain the boundedness of many integral operators on mixed Herz spaces. We also give a new characterization of via the boundedness of commutators of some operators on mixed Herz spaces.
Global existence for nonlocal quasilinear diffusion systems in nonisotropic nondivergence form
Authors: Lo Catharine W. K. , Rodrigues José Francisco
Published: March 2024

We consider the quasilinear diffusion problem of
for an open set , , for , and any . Here, denotes an operator which may involve the distributional Riesz fractional gradient of order , with , the classical gradient or/and nonlocal derivatives , with . We show global existence results for various quasilinear diffusion systems in nondivergence form for linear elliptic operators , including classical elliptic systems, anisotropic fractional equations and systems, and anisotropic local and nonlocal operators of the following type:
for coercive, invertible matrices and suitable vectorial functions .
Rare Missense Variants in KCNJ10 Are Associated with Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia
Authors: Wirth Thomas , Roze Emmanuel , Delvallée Clarisse , Trouillard Oriane , Drouot Nathalie , Damier Philippe , Boulay Clotilde , Bourgninaud Marine , Jegatheesan Prasanthi , Sangare Aude , Forlani Sylvie , Gaymard Bertrand , Hervochon Remi , Navarro Vincent , Calmels Nadège , Schalk Audrey , Tranchant Christine , Piton Amélie , Méneret Aurélie , Anheim Mathieu
Published: March 2024

Background

Although the group of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) genes is expanding, the molecular cause remains elusive in more than 50% of cases.

Objective

The aim is to identify the missing genetic causes of PKD.

Methods

Phenotypic characterization, whole exome sequencing and association test were performed among 53 PKD cases.

Results

We identified four causative variants in KCNJ10, already associated with EAST syndrome (epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural hearing impairment and renal tubulopathy). Homozygous p.(Ile209Thr) variant was found in two brothers from a single autosomal recessive PKD family, whereas heterozygous p.(Cys294Tyr) and p.(Thr178Ile) variants were found in six patients from two autosomal dominant PKD families. Heterozygous p.(Arg180His) variant was identified in one additional sporadic PKD case. Compared to the Genome Aggregation Database v2.1.1, our PKD cohort was significantly enriched in both rare heterozygous (odds ratio, 21.6; P = 9.7 × 10−8) and rare homozygous (odds ratio, 2047; P = 1.65 × 10−6) missense variants in KCNJ10.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that both rare monoallelic and biallelic missense variants in KCNJ10 are associated with PKD. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A 1.33–1.88 GHz microfluidically tunable filter with controllable coupling
Authors: Huang Weihang , Li Hongji , Xie Jieen , Chen Ruisen , Lin Jing‐Yu , Wong Sai‐Wai
Published: March 2024

In this article, a continuously microfluidically tunable filter using two microstrip resonators is proposed. By injecting different amount of water into the tubes, the resonant frequency as well as coupling intensity between two resonators can be controlled. As a result, the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed band can keep constant when tuning the frequency. As far as the authors know, most of the state‐of‐the‐art microfluidics tunable filters are discontinuous, and the tuning range is limited. In this article, the wide tuning capacity of the frequency is realized by placing some tubes between the microstrip resonators and the ground. By increasing or decreasing the amount of water in the pipes, the local dielectric constant and the equivalent electrical length of the transmission line are changed simultaneously. Therefore, it plays a key role in resonant frequency tuning. In the other hand, the coupling coefficient can be controlled by injecting the amount of water into the tube between the two resonators. Finally, through the analysis of computer simulation technology simulation and measurement, it can be seen that the tuning range of resonant frequency is up to 41.3%, with the central frequency varying from 1.33 to 1.88 GHz. The insertion loss is less than 3.09 dB and the return loss is higher than 15 dB, while the FBW is 3.4% ± 0.2%. The measurement matches well with the simulation results, verifying the proposed design methodology.
2–26.5 GHz GaN ultra‐wideband amplifier with over 2 W output power
Authors: Dai Wei , Tang Bowen , Lu Junting , Feng Xiaodong , Xu Yuehang
Published: March 2024

A 2–26.5GHz broadband amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based on the 0.15 μm GaN high electron mobility transistor process has been developed. The broadband amplifier adopts a two‐stage distributed amplifier cascade structure, which improves the gain of the broadband amplifier. Further, the capacitive coupling is used to improve the gain bandwidth product of the power amplifier. To improve the output return loss of the wideband amplifier, a tuning stub is introduced at the output of the circuit. The on‐wafer measurement results show that the amplifier has a gain greater than 18 dB, gain flatness less than ±1.4 dB, and saturated output power >35 dBm with a >13% power added efficiency in the whole band.
Adjustable anomalous hollow vortex beam and its properties
Authors: Guo Xu , Song Yansong , Dong Keyan , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2024

A new beam named adjustable anomalous hollow vortex beam (AAHVB) is proposed, and the expressions of an AAHVB in uniaxial crystal are derived. The evolutions of intensity distributions of an AAHVB in free space and uniaxial crystal are investigated. The relationships between intensity distributions with beam parameters, uniaxial crystal, and distance are analyzed in detail. It is found that intensity distributions of an AAHVB in uniaxial crystal can be manipulated by setting source parameters , , , , and .
Comparisons of donor stray percentages between hatchery- and natural-origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead in the upper Columbia watershed
Authors: Pearsons Todd N. , O'Connor Rolland R.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Artificial propagation of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is commonly used to achieve conservation and harvest goals. However, unintended effects of artificial propagation, such as high donor stray percentages, can reduce numbers of adults that return to target areas and also contribute spawners to different populations where they are undesirable. Until recently, it was difficult to assess if hatchery-origin fish stray rates were atypical because few estimates of stray rates of natural-origin fish were available. We sought to fill that gap by comparing donor stray percentages of hatchery- and natural-origin Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss from the same locations.

Methods

We used 29,885 last passive integrated transponder tag detections of adult fish to estimate and compare donor stray percentages of hatchery-origin and natural-origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead in the upper Columbia River watershed between 2002 and 2018.

Result

Donor stray percentages of hatchery-origin spring, summer, and fall Chinook Salmon and steelhead were <0.3% at the upper Columbia basin scale and similar to natural-origin donor stray percentages. Only steelhead donor stray percentages were higher for hatchery-origin adults at the subbasin scale than natural-origin counterparts and were <22% for all taxa. The percentage of hatchery-origin steelhead and spring Chinook Salmon released in tributaries were detected at nontarget areas at higher percentages (<63%) than natural-origin counterparts born in these tributaries. Returning hatchery-origin and natural-origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead generally strayed in an upstream direction in similar proportions. Juvenile spring Chinook Salmon that were moved 14–391 km from centralized hatcheries to tributaries for overwintering or final acclimation strayed at a much higher rate than those that completed their incubation, rearing, and acclimation at a single location, but this did not occur with steelhead. Other adaptive management actions that were implemented to reduce straying produced mixed results. A high proportion of stray hatchery-origin spring Chinook Salmon initially homed to tributary weirs.

Conclusion

Donor stray percentages of hatchery-origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead were generally not higher than natural-origin donor stray percentages at larger spatial scales (e.g., upper Columbia basin and subbasin) but were higher at smaller spatial scales (e.g., tributaries). A variety of approaches can be considered to reduce undesirable production of strays, but most of them involve difficult management trade-offs.
Origin of yield gains in maize hybrids
Authors: Tranel Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

Increasing grain yields in maize (Zea mays L.) have been widely witnessed over the lifespan of many aging farmers. This paper aims to capture and summarize the overlapping explanations for the significant increases in maize yields. Changes in management practices have resulted in higher planting densities; however, genetic alterations allowed for maize varieties to tolerate increased stress levels. Increased stress levels, such as light availability, prompted genetic changes to leaf area index, radiation use efficiency, and leaf angles. The narrowing of the anthesis–silking interval is more significant in maize planted in higher densities. Stress factors affecting maize grain yields can be managed by both management changes such as water or pesticide application, and breeding modifications, such as genetic resistance to abiotic, temperature, or moisture, and biotic, pest, disease, and insect stressors. The increase in maize grain yields over the past century can be attributed to a combination of achievements in crop breeding and alternations of management practices.
Hypomineralization disorder in tropical Southeast Asia during the agricultural revolution: Analysis of morbidity and mortality
Authors: Vlok Melandri , Oxenham Marc , McFadden Clare , Domett Kate , Trinh Hiep Hoang , Minh Tran Thi , Huong Nguyen Thi Mai , Matsumura Hirofumi , Buckley Hallie
Published: March 2024

This paper presents evidence for hypomineralization disorders (rickets and osteomalacia) in non‐adults at Man Bac, a Neolithic site from northern Vietnam dated to 4000–3500BP, contributing to the well‐described disease burden at the site that includes scurvy, treponemal disease, thalassemia, and malaria. Forty‐four non‐adults (<20 years of age‐at‐death) were assessed for macroscopic and radiographic evidence for hypomineralization disorders. Differential diagnosis was completed using traditional methods and three‐level standardized criteria to combat the challenges of overlapping pathological features between hypomineralization disorder and the other diseases already diagnosed at the site. In addition, a diagnostic certainty approach was applied to investigate the impact of lesion ambiguity on our findings. Kaplan–Meier and Fishers exact tests were applied to assess age‐at‐death‐related epidemiological patterns of hypomineralization disorder and co‐morbid relationships with scurvy, thalassemia, and treponemal disease. Almost 50% of the non‐adult assemblage presented with evidence for hypomineralization disorder, which was associated with decreased survivorship in childhood. Potential epidemiological relationships between scurvy and hypomineralization disorders, and thalassemia and hypomineralization disorders are described. The former relationship may be due to the likelihood of the introduction of rice resulting in multi‐micronutrient deficiency, including vitamin C and calcium deficiency, and cultural attitudes to sunlight. The latter relationship may relate to the pathophysiology of thalassemia that can result in secondary osteomalacia possibly contributing to the development of hypomineralization disorder in the thalassemic non‐adults. The findings are significant as they present possible approaches for diagnosis of disease embedded within complex disease burdens where individuals are likely suffering from co‐morbidities.
A framework for contextualizing social‐ecological biases in contributory science data
Authors: Carlen Elizabeth J. , Estien Cesar O. , Caspi Tal , Perkins Deja , Goldstein Benjamin R. , Kreling Samantha E. S. , Hentati Yasmine , Williams Tyus D. , Stanton Lauren A. , Des Roches Simone , Johnson Rebecca F. , Young Alison N. , Cooper Caren B. , Schell Christopher J.
Published: March 2024

Contributory science—including citizen and community science—allows scientists to leverage participant‐generated data while providing an opportunity for engaging with local community members. Data yielded by participant‐generated biodiversity platforms allow professional scientists to answer ecological and evolutionary questions across both geographic and temporal scales, which is incredibly valuable for conservation efforts.

The data reported to contributory biodiversity platforms, such as eBird and iNaturalist, can be driven by social and ecological variables, leading to biased data. Though empirical work has highlighted the biases in contributory data, little work has articulated how biases arise in contributory data and the societal consequences of these biases.

We present a conceptual framework illustrating how social and ecological variables create bias in contributory science data. In this framework, we present four filters—participation, detectability, sampling and preference—that ultimately shape the type and location of contributory biodiversity data. We leverage this framework to examine data from the largest contributory science platforms—eBird and iNaturalist—in St. Louis, Missouri, the United States, and discuss the potential consequences of biased data.

Lastly, we conclude by providing several recommendations for researchers and institutions to move towards a more inclusive field. With these recommendations, we provide opportunities to ameliorate biases in contributory data and an opportunity to practice equitable biodiversity conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Global status and trends in hepatitis B virus DNA mutation research from 2003 to 2022: A comprehensive bibliometric view
Authors: Li Ming , Xu Xiaoming , Liu Yong , Mao Minxin , Geng Yu , Yin Shengxia , Tong Xin , Wu Chao , Li Jie
Published: March 2024

Aims

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped DNA virus belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family. It is a significant contributor to the prevalence of chronic liver disease on a global scale. Mutations in HBV DNA can affect the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Although numerous studies on HBV DNA mutations have been conducted, few bibliometric studies have been performed to date. This study aimed to analyze changes in scientific output to gain a better understanding of the current research status and identify potential new research directions in the field of HBV DNA mutation.

Methods

Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace version 6.1.R6 was used to construct network maps to evaluate collaborations among countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords.

Results

In total, 1508 publications over the past 20 years were obtained, mainly from China, the United States, and Japan. The major research institutions in China included the University of Hong Kong, Fudan University, and Peking University. Lai Ching Lung was the most productive author, whereas Anna Suk‐Fong Lok was the most frequently co‐cited author. The keyword “HBsAg” was the strongest burst keyword in recent years, indicating possible future study trends.

Conclusions

This bibliometric analysis intuitively revealed the overall research status of HBV DNA mutations, providing valuable information for researchers, funding agencies, and policymakers to explore the current research status, research hotspots, and new directions for future research.
Does fungal infection increase the palatability of oilseed rape to insects?
Authors: Jindřichová Barbora , Rubil Nikoleta , Rezek Jan , Ourry Morgane , Hauser Thure Pavlo , Burketová Lenka
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Multiple and simultaneous attacks by pathogens and insect pests frequently occur in nature. Plants respond to biotic stresses by activating distinct defense mechanisms, but little is known about how plants cope with multiple stresses. The focus of this study was the combined interaction of fungal infection caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (synonym Plenodomus lingam) and arthropod infestation by the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We hypothesized that infection by the fungal pathogen L. maculans could alter oilseed rape palatability to P. xylostella‐chewing caterpillars. Feeding preference tests were complemented with analyses of defense gene transcription, and levels of glucosinolates (GLSs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in L. maculans‐inoculated and non‐inoculated (control) leaves to determine possible causes of larval choice.

RESULTS

Caterpillars preferred true leaves to cotyledons, hence true leaves were used for further experiments. True leaves inoculated with L. maculans were more palatable to caterpillars over control leaves during the early stage of infection at 3 days post inoculation (dpi), but this preference disappeared in the later stages of infection at 7 dpi. In parallel, genes involved in the salicylic acid and ethylene pathways were up‐regulated in L. maculans‐inoculated leaves at 3 and 7 dpi; L. maculans increased the level of total aliphatic GLSs, specifically glucobrassicanapin, and decreased the level of glucoiberin at 3 dpi and altered the content of specific VOCs. A group of 55 VOCs with the highest variability between treatments was identified.

CONCLUSION

We suggest that the P. xylostella preference for L. maculans‐inoculated leaves in the early stage of disease development could be caused by the underlying mechanisms leading to changes in metabolic composition. Further research should pinpoint the compounds responsible for driving larval preference and evaluate whether the behavior of the adult moths, i.e. the stage that makes the first choice regarding host plant selection in field conditions, correlates with our results on larval host acceptance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects and safety of resveratrol supplementation in older adults: A comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Yadegar Sepideh , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Yadegar Amirhossein , Mohammadi Naeini Ali , Ayati Aryan , Milan Nesa , Tayebi Amirhossein , Seyedi Seyed Arsalan , Nabipoorashrafi Seyed Ali , Rabizadeh Soghra , Esteghamati Alireza , Nakhjavani Manouchehr
Published: March 2024

Resveratrol (RSV) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential benefits against chronic diseases. However, its effects and safety in older adults have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to determine the effects and safety of RSV supplementation in older adults. MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for eligible studies. Studies were enrolled if they were randomized clinical trials and had incorporated RSV supplementation for older adults. Two independent authors conducted the literature search, and eligibility was determined according to the PICOS framework. Study details, intervention specifics, and relevant outcomes were collected during the data collection. The Cochrane RoB‐2 tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. This review included 10 studies. The combination of RSV and exercise improved exercise adaptation and muscle function in healthy older adults and physical performance and mobility measures in individuals with functional limitations. RSV showed potential neuroprotective effects in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In overweight individuals, RSV demonstrated a positive impact on cognitive function, but it increased some biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk at high doses. In older adults with diabetes and those with peripheral artery disease (PAD), RSV was not more effective than placebo. No study reported significant adverse events following RSV treatment. RSV can improve various health parameters in age‐related health conditions. However, the optimal dosage, long‐term effects, and potential interactions with medications still need to be investigated through well‐designed RCTs.
The research trends and contributions of science education during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative systematic literature review of publications in selected journals
Authors: Susilayati Muslimah , Hardyanto Wahyu , Supriyadi  , Widiyatmoko Arif
Published: March 2024

The COVID‐19 global pandemic was a socio‐scientific issue (SSI) that had an impact on various aspects of life including education. Educational institutions adapted to new learning, teaching and assessment approaches to be effective in responding to the pandemic. This study aims to determine the research trends and contributions of science education during the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to follow up on possible impacts and other crises in the future. The study involved a narrative systematic literature review of 898 articles published in three selected journals from 2018 to 2021. The analysis was divided into two stages. First, to compare research trends between 2018 and 2019 as the baseline with research trends for 2020–2021 during COVID‐19. Second, to systematically analyse the content of articles published between 2020 and 2021 to explore the contribution of science education amidst COVID‐19 descriptively. The results show that the empirical type of research during the COVID‐19 pandemic has increased compared to the baseline. Research topics on learning contexts dominate the baseline and amidst the pandemic, but ‘teaching’ topics are current and future trends in science education research. The three selected journals contributed many publications related to understanding and resolving the crisis during the COVID‐19 pandemic directly and indirectly. In addition, science education amidst COVID‐19 contributes to preparing the younger generation to become resilient citizens capable of dealing with crises. Direct evidence of preparing resilient citizens amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic is contributed by technological and pedagogical knowledge, content and context knowledge, futurising education, and student mobility programmes in science education. Furthermore, indirect evidence is contributed by science education publications published in the three selected journals between 2020 and 2021. Most publications are carried out at the high school level. More articles in the integrated sciences are published than in separate disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology and earth/space science. Furthermore, the details of research trends and contributions of science education amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic are discussed.
UV Light‐Mediated Hydrolytic Reaction to Develop Magnetic Hydrogel Actuators with Spatially Distributed Ferriferous Oxide Microparticles
Authors: Jiang Tongxin , Zhang Yingying , Jiang Jinqiang , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Li Guo
Published: March 2024

Magnetic hydrogel actuators are developed by incorporating magnetic fillers into the hydrogel matrix. Regulating the distribution of these fillers is key to the exhibited functionalities but is still challenging. Here a facile way to spatially synthesize ferrosoferric oxide (Fe3O4) microparticles in situ in a thermal‐responsive hydrogel is reported. This method involves the photo‐reduction of Fe3+ ions coordinated with carboxylate groups in polymer chains, and the hydrolytic reaction of the reduced Fe2+ ions with residual Fe3+ ions. By controlling the irradiation time and position, the concentration of Fe3O4 microparticles can be spatially controlled, and the resulting Fe3O4 pattern enables the hydrogel to exhibit complex locomotion driven by magnet, temperature, and NIR light. This method is convenient and extendable to other hydrogel systems to realize more complicated magneto‐responsive functionalities.
A Coordination‐Derived Cerium‐Based Amorphous–Crystalline Heterostructure with High Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: An Haiyan , Mu Xijiao , Tan Guoying , Su Pingru , Liu Liangliang , Song Nan , Bai Shiqiang , Yan Chun‐Hua , Tang Yu
Published: March 2024

The rational design of heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for achieving optimal physicochemical properties and high electrochemical activity. However, the development of new amorphous–crystalline heterostructures is significantly more challenging than that of the existing crystalline–crystalline heterostructures. To overcome these issues, a coordination‐assisted strategy that can help fabricate an amorphous NiO/crystalline NiCeOx (a‐NiO/c‐NiCeOx) heterostructure is reported herein. The coordination geometry of the organic ligands plays a pivotal role in permitting the formation of coordination polymers with high Ni contents. This consequently provides an opportunity for enabling the supersaturation of Ni in the NiCeOx structure during annealing, leading to the endogenous spillover of Ni from the depths of NiCeOx to its surface. The resulting heterostructure, featuring strongly coupled amorphous NiO and crystalline NiCeOx, exhibits harmonious interactions in addition to low overpotentials and high catalytic stability in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Theoretical calculations prove that the amorphous–crystalline interfaces facilitate charge transfer, which plays a critical role in regulating the local electron density of the Ni sites, thereby promoting the adsorption of oxygen‐based intermediates on the Ni sites and lowering the dissociation‐related energy barriers. Overall, this study underscores the potential of coordinating different metal ions at the molecular level to advance amorphous–crystalline heterostructure design.
A High‐Voltage‐Specialized Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Air Purification
Authors: Shi Jianxun , Zhao Zhihao , Gao Yikui , Yuan Wei , Ma Wenlong , Zhang Jiayue , Zhang Baofeng , Liu Dongyang , Wang Jie
Published: March 2024

Human health and the environment face significant challenges of air pollution, which is predominantly caused by PM2.5 or PM10 particles. Existing control methods often require elevated energy consumption or bulky high‐voltage electrical equipment. To overcome these limitations, a self‐powered, convenient, and compact direct current high‐voltage triboelectric nanogenerator based on triboelectrification and electrostatic breakdown effects is proposed. By optimizing the structure‐design of the direct current triboelectric nanogenerator and corresponding output voltage, it can easily achieve an output voltage of over 3 kV with a high charge density of 320 µC m−2. A power management circuit is designed to overcome the influence of third domain self‐breakdown, optimize 92.5% amplitude of voltage shake, and raise 5% charge utilization ratio. With a device size as tiny as 2.25 cm3, it can continuously drive carbon nanowires to generate negative ions that settle dust within 300 s. This compact, simple, efficient, and safe high‐voltage direct current triboelectric nanogenerator represents a promising sustainable solution. It offers efficient dust mitigation, fostering cleaner environments, and enhancing overall health.
The effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on the body weight and lifestyle behaviors of U.S. adults
Authors: Sung Jaesang , Davis Will , Qiu Qihua
Published: March 2024

The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated policies may have impacted body weight and related lifestyle behaviors. Using 2017–2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we estimate the effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on Body Mass Index (BMI) and the probability of obesity among adults in the United States. Our triple‐differences approach, using recent pre‐pandemic years as counterfactuals, identifies statistically significant lockdown‐induced increases in body weight. Event study results highlight a lagged effect of lockdown on body weight, with BMI increases manifesting 2 months post‐lockdown. These effects are particularly pronounced among non‐white adults, low‐income individuals, females, and metropolitan residents. The lockdown's impact on mental health, a potential mechanism driving BMI increases, is concentrated among non‐white, low‐income adults. We observe potential post‐lockdown changes in diet and sedentary behaviors, evidenced by increased Google searches for high‐calorie foods, food delivery apps, and video streaming. Google searches related to healthy habits, such as exercise, yield mixed results.
Evolution of Dendrite Structure and Shrinkage Porosity in 30Cr15Mo1N Ingot with Pouring Rate
Authors: He Zhi‐Yu , Zhu Hong‐Chun , Li Hua‐Bing , Ni Zhuo‐Wen , Luo Han‐Xun , Feng Hao , Zhang Shu‐Cai , Lu Hong‐Bin , Jiang Zhou‐Hua
Published: March 2024

In this study, to clarify the evolution mechanism of dendrite structure and shrinkage porosity in 30Cr15Mo1N ingots under varying pouring rates, the changes in cooling rate, temperature gradient, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), columnar to equiaxed transition (CET), and area of shrinkage porosity with pouring rate are investigated. The cooling rate and temperature gradient calculated by using the ProCAST software increase with the pouring rate, leading to a great solidification rate. As a result, the SDAS decreases and the position of CET moves toward the center of 30Cr15Mo1N ingot. Additionally, the area proportion of shrinkage porosity increases with the increase in pouring rate. This phenomenon can be mainly due to the less overlap between columnar dendrite and higher permeability with the larger SDAS, which are conducive to the feeding of the molten steel. In addition, the delayed formation of semi‐solidified shell at the top of the ingot at low pouring rate minimizes the impact of solid contraction on the surface sink, which results in a flatter top surface of the ingot at low pouring rate.
Gender‐related variation expressions of neuroplastin TRAF6, GluA1, GABA(A) receptor, and PMCA in cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem in an experimental epilepsy model
Authors: Doğanyiğit Züleyha , Okan Aslı , Yılmaz Seher , Uğuz A. Cihangir , Akyüz Enes
Published: March 2024

Epileptic seizures are seen as a result of changing excitability balance depending on the deterioration in synaptic plasticity in the brain. Neuroplastin, and its related molecules which are known to play a role in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter activities that provide balance of excitability and, different neurological diseases, have not been studied before in epilepsy.

In this study, a total of 34 Sprague–Dawley male and female rats, 2 months old, weighing 250–300 g were used. The epilepsy model in rats was made via pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). After the completion of the experimental procedure, the brain tissue of the rats were taken and the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cortex parts and the brain stem were investigated, as well as the immunoreactivity of the proteins related to the immunohistochemical methods.

As a result of the histopathological evaluation, it was determined that neuron degeneration and the number of dilated blood vessels in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and brain stem were higher in the PTZ status epilepticus (SE) groups than in the control groups. It was observed that neuroplastin and related proteins TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6), Gamma amino butyric acid type A receptors [(GABA(A)], and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) protein immunoreactivity levels increased especially in the male hippocampus, and only AMPA receptor subunit type 1 (GluA1) immunoreactivity decreased, unlike other proteins.

We believe this may be caused by a problem in the mechanisms regulating the interaction of neuroplastin and GluA1 and may cause problems in synaptic plasticity in the experimental epilepsy model. It may be useful to elucidate this mechanism and target GluA1 when determining treatment strategies.
Plasma‐Based Additive Manufacturing Method for MEMS Using APSLD (Atmospheric Pressure Sputtering Layer Deposition) Technology†
Authors: Bickel J. , Gesche Roland , Scherer Joachim , Kovacs Reinhold , Hu Xiaodong , Ngo Ha Duong
Published: March 2024

This paper reports a novel additive manufacturing technique for MEMS devices using newly developed APSLD (atmospheric pressure sputtering layer deposition) technology. It uses a microplasma at atmospheric pressure to deposit microstructures with defined properties, such as conducting or isolating directly at different surfaces additively without complex and time‐consuming manufacturing routes like planar technology. Feasibility tests have been successfully done to deposit metal lines, isolating and metal oxide layers on 3D surfaces to manufacture high stable MEMS sensor system for harsh environments. This is a promising technology in the field of MEMS manufacturing, as it can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the cost. The ability to deposit different materials can expand the design possibilities for MEMS devices. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Investigation of Calibration Methodology Using Mouth Airflow for Wearable Sensor Toward Quantitative Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Horie Kenta , Al Farisi Muhammad Salman , Hasegawa Yoshihiro , Matsushima Miyoko , Kawabe Tsutomu , Shikida Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2024

Present wearable sensors are able to measure the frequency of vital signs such as respiration rate and heartbeat rate, but unable to measure those quantitatively, e.g. respiratory volume and heartbeat strength. Meanwhile, airflow at mouth contains both the respiration and the heartbeat quantitative signals. In this study, we propose a calibration method for a wearable vital sensor attached on the chest using the airflow at the mouth for quantitative respiration monitoring. An artificial ventilator and an experimental animal were introduced as test benches prior to human clinical experiment. As a proof of concept, a micro‐electro mechanical systems (MEMS) airflow sensor and a wearable accelerometer were implemented to both the test benches. The velocity output of the piston motion measured by the wearable sensor conformed with the airflow rate output, and the obtained results indicated that the wearable sensor can monitor not only the frequency of vital signs but also quantitative magnitudes such as the respiratory volume. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.