bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Utilization of Basic Proline-Rich Glycoproteins during Growth of Oral Bacteria in Saliva
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Luxia , Zhou Xuedong , Cisar John O. , Palmer Robert J.
Published: June 2016

Although saliva is widely recognized as a primary source of carbon and nitrogen for growth of the dental plaque biofilm community, little is known about how different oral bacteria utilize specific salivary components. To address this question, 32 strains representing 16 genera commonly isolated from early plaque biofilms were compared for growth over two transfers in stimulated (by chewing Parafilm) whole saliva that was stabilized by heat treatment and dialysis. The cell densities, measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), ranged from ∼1 × 10
6
to 1 × 10
7
/ml for strains of
Streptococcus gordonii
,
Streptococcus oralis
, and
Streptococcus mitis
and one strain of
Streptococcus sanguinis
. Strains of
Streptococcus mutans
,
Gemella haemolysans
, and
Granulicatella adiacens
reached ∼1 × 10
5
to 1 × 10
6
/ml. In contrast, little or no growth was noted for three other strains of
S. sanguinis
, as well as for strains of
Streptococcus parasanguinis
,
Streptococcus salivarius
,
Streptococcus vestibularis
,
Streptococcus sobrinus
,
Actinomyces
spp.,
Abiotrophia defectiva
, and
Rothia dentocariosa
. SDS-PAGE, lectin blotting, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of saliva from cultures of
S. gordonii
,
S. oralis
, and
S. mitis
revealed species-specific differences in the degradation of basic proline-rich glycoproteins (PRG). In contrast, saliva from cultures of other bacteria was indistinguishable from control saliva. Species-dependent differences in the utilization of individual host sugars were minor. Thus, differences in salivary glycan foraging between oral species may be important to cross-feeding and cooperation between organisms in dental plaque biofilm development.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria in the mouth use saliva for nutrition. How each of the many types of bacteria uses saliva is not clear. We show that a major protein in saliva, called PRG, is an important nutrition source for certain bacteria but not for others. PRG has many sugar molecules linked in chains, but the sugar is not available for bacteria until the chains are degraded. The bacteria that can grow by digesting this protein break the sugar chains into parts which not only support their own growth but could also be available to support the growth of those bacteria that cannot use the intact protein.
Natural Competence of Xylella fastidiosa Occurs at a High Frequency Inside Microfluidic Chambers Mimicking the Bacterium's Natural Habitats
Authors: Kandel Prem P. , Lopez Samantha M. , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , De La Fuente Leonardo
Published: June 2016

Xylella fastidiosa
is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of emerging diseases in a number of economically important crops. Genetic diversity studies have demonstrated homologous recombination occurring among
X. fastidiosa
strains, which has been proposed to contribute to host plant shifts. Moreover, experimental evidence confirmed that
X. fastidiosa
is naturally competent for recombination
in vitro
. Here, as an approximation of natural habitats (plant xylem vessels and insect mouthparts), recombination was studied in microfluidic chambers (MCs) filled with media amended with grapevine xylem sap. First, different media were screened for recombination in solid agar plates using a pair of
X. fastidiosa
strains that were previously reported to recombine in coculture. The highest frequency of recombination was obtained with PD3 medium, compared to those with the other two media (
X. fastidiosa
medium [XFM] and periwinkle wilt [PW] medium) used in previous studies. Dissection of the media components led to the identification of bovine serum albumin as an inhibitor of recombination that was correlated to its previously known effect on inhibition of twitching motility. When recombination was performed in liquid culture, the frequencies were significantly higher under flow conditions (MCs) than under batch conditions (test tubes). The recombination frequencies in MCs and agar plates were not significantly different from each other. Grapevine xylem sap from both susceptible and tolerant varieties allowed high recombination frequency in MCs when mixed with PD3. These results suggest that
X. fastidiosa
has the ability to be naturally competent in the natural growth environment of liquid flow, and this phenomenon could have implications in
X. fastidiosa
environmental adaptation.

IMPORTANCE
Xylella fastidiosa
is a plant pathogen that lives inside xylem vessels (where water and nutrients are transported inside the plant) and the mouthparts of insect vectors. This bacterium causes emerging diseases in various crops worldwide, including recent outbreaks in Europe. The mechanisms by which this bacterium adapts to new hosts is not understood, but it was previously shown that it is naturally competent, meaning that it can take up DNA from the environment and incorporate it into its genome (recombination). In this study, we show that the frequency of recombination is highest when the bacterium is grown under flow conditions in microfluidic chambers modeled after its natural habitats, and recombination was still high when the medium was amended with grapevine sap. Our results suggest that this bacterium is able to recombine when growing inside plants or insects, and this can be a mechanism of adaptation of this pathogen that causes incurable diseases.
Improving Interprofessional and Coproductive Outcomes of Care for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Moreo Kathleen , Greene Laurence , Sapir Tamar
Published: June 2016

In the U.S., suboptimal care quality for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is reflected by high rates of emergency department visits and hospital readmissions, as well as excessive costs. Moreover, a substantial proportion of COPD patients do not receive guideline-directed therapies. In quality improvement (QI) programs, these types of health care problems are commonly addressed through interventions that primarily or exclusively support physicians in aligning their practices with guidelines and clinical quality measures. However, the root causes of many deficits in health care quality are not necessarily “physician centric.” Instead, they often involve suboptimal collaboration among members of interprofessional health care teams and gaps in coproductive relationships among patients and providers.

We conducted a QI project to identify interprofessional and coproductive correlates of COPD care quality in the context of a continuing education program designed to advance knowledge and skill among patients, providers, and the interprofessional COPD team regarding coproductive COPD care. Participants in the program included providers in 30 primary care practices across the U.S. who, along with their own COPD patients and a separate cohort of patients from COPD advocacy groups, completed a patient-provider survey study designed to identify alignments and mismatches in coproductive perceptions and behaviors, a private survey feedback session for each practice's team, and online/mobile educational activities on COPD. In addition, more than 1,000 additional providers and 200 patients participated in just the online/mobile education.

From the patient perspective, baseline measures indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction with COPD treatment plans and suboptimal coproductive interaction with members of the interprofessional health care team. Across providers, there were gaps and variation in provision of patient education, attitudes and practices regarding shared decision-making, and care coordination with pulmonary specialists. In addition, relatively low proportions of providers reported high levels of skill in various coproductive processes.

The project outcomes indicated mismatches between COPD patients and providers in perceived ability to recognize COPD exacerbations, shared treatment goals, barriers to medication adherence, perceived impact of COPD on quality of life, and other aspects of COPD care. Providers demonstrated improvements in knowledge and attitudes regarding coproductive and coordinated COPD care.
Statins and morbidity and mortality in COPD in the COMIC study: a prospective COPD cohort study
Authors: Citgez Emanuel , van der Palen Job , Koehorst-ter Huurne Kirsten , Movig Kris , van der Valk Paul , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein
Published: June 2016

Background

Both chronic inflammation and cardiovascular comorbidity play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Statins could be a potential adjunct therapy. The additional effects of statins in COPD are, however, still under discussion. The aim of this study is to further investigate the association of statin use with clinical outcomes in a well-described COPD cohort.

Methods

795 patients of the Cohort of Mortality and Inflammation in COPD (COMIC) study were divided into statin users or not. Statin use was defined as having a statin for at least 90 consecutive days after inclusion. Outcome parameters were 3-year survival, based on all-cause mortality, time until first hospitalisation for an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and time until first community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A sensitivity analysis was performed without patients who started a statin 3 months or more after inclusion to exclude immortal time bias.

Results

Statin use resulted in a better overall survival (corrected HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96) in multivariate analysis), but in the sensitivity analysis this association disappeared. Statin use was not associated with time until first hospitalisation for an AECOPD (cHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.22) or time until first CAP (cHR 1.1, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.47).

Conclusions

In the COMIC study, statin use is not associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, time until first hospitalisation for an AECOPD or time until first CAP in patients with COPD.
Palliative care consultations in primary care: a cross-sectional survey among Dutch general practitioners
Authors: Hoek Patrick D , Schers Henk J , Hendriks Jan C M , Vissers Kris C P , Hasselaar Jeroen G J
Published: June 2016

Background

Expert consultation supports general practitioners (GPs) in delivering adequate palliative homecare. Insight into consultation practices from a GP's perspective is needed in order to shape consultation services to their wishes and needs.

Aim

To explore palliative care consultation practices from a GP's perspective.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional web-based survey among all GPs (n=235) in the region of Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Methods

Our questionnaire contained questions about the delivery of palliative care by GPs, their consultation practices and satisfaction with current services. Questions consisted mainly of 5-point Likert scales. We transformed these scales into numerical values to calculate mean scores. Linear mixed models for repeated measurements were used to study differences in scores.

Results

GPs most often consulted informal caregivers (mean score 3.6) or fellow GPs (mean score 3.3). Physical problems were discussed the most (mean score 3.5), while social and existential issues were discussed least (mean score 1.9 for both). In their choice of a particular consultation service, GPs considered the quality of the provided advice to be the most important factor. GPs were satisfied with current consultation services, with fellow GPs receiving the highest satisfaction scores (mean score 4.6). Finally, when recalling their last palliative patient, most GPs started requesting consultation during this patient's last month of life.

Conclusions

Next to informal caregivers, GPs preferably seek advice from fellow GPs. Physical issues receive much attention during consultations; however, other vital aspects of palliative care seem to remain relatively neglected, such as social and existential issues and a proactive care approach.
Use of high-fidelity simulation to improve communication skills regarding death and dying: a qualitative study
Authors: Hawkins A , Tredgett K
Published: June 2016

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to explore medical students' experiences of communicating with patients and their carers about death and dying, and to assess whether using high-fidelity simulation improved students' confidence in discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods

This qualitative study was carried out at a hospital in the south of England. Participants were 7 final-year medical students. Tutorials were developed using high-fidelity simulation to teach communication skills regarding discussion of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with patients and carers. Scenarios involved a simulated ward environment, a high-fidelity simulation mannequin and actor playing the role of a carer. Data were collected through joint interviews carried out by one researcher which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The same researcher analysed the data using framework analysis.

Results

Students reported a lack of experience observing conversations with patients and carers about death and dying. They also reported a lack of opportunities to interact with dying patients during their training. Barriers reported by students included healthcare professionals' and patients' attitudes. Students reported a lack of confidence and preparedness to have consultations with patients and carers about death, dying and cardiopulmonary resuscitation as junior doctors. They perceived role-play scenarios observed by their peers to be stressful, and this detracted from the learning experience. Students reported that the high-fidelity simulation scenarios were more realistic than low-fidelity (‘role-play’) scenarios. This improved the learning gained from the sessions and improved confidence among some students.

Conclusions

This study has suggested that high-fidelity simulation may be a useful adjunct for undergraduate communication skills training in palliative medicine. Further research is required to assess whether improvements in confidence described by students in this study translate to discernible improvements in competence, and whether using high-fidelity simulation in this setting is cost-effective.
Molecular and morphological correlation in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): an update and primer
Authors: Chetty Runjan , Serra Stefano
Published: June 2016

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are a commonly encountered tumour in routine practice. In the main, the morphology of spindle, epithelioid or mixed are well recognised along with mutations ofc-kit. However, there are other genes that are mutated resulting in characteristic clinicopathological correlations. GISTs harbouring platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) gene mutations lead to a typical morphological constellation of findings: gastric and omental location, gross tumour that is cystic and haemorrhagic, composed of epithelioid, plasmacytoid cells exhibiting pleomorphism, low mitotic count and containing characteristic giant cells with peripherally placed nuclei. These cells are set in a myxoid stroma containing several mast cells. In addition, perivascular/intratumoural hyalinisation is often seen. These tumours are CD117 and DOG-1 positive. GISTs withSDHmutations are multinodular/bilobed/dumb-bell shape tumour masses with mucosal ulceration and histologically characterised by fibrous bands around and within nodules of epithelioid or mixed epithelioid/spindle cells. Lymphovascular invasion with lymph node metastases are usual. Immunohistochemically, the GISTs are CD117, DOG-1 positive, SDHA negative (ifSDHAmutated), SDHA positive (ifSDHAintact) and SDHB negative.BRAFandNF-1mutated GISTs do not have any characteristic morphological features.
Carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Nanna Michael G , Gomes Paulina , Njoh Roland F , Ward Charisse , Attaran Robert R , Mena Carlos
Published: June 2016

Stroke remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of stroke. Advances in medical therapy, surgical technique and endovascular maturation has resulted in options for the treatment of carotid stenosis. Here, we present a review of carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy as it applies to trials comparing and contrasting the two treatment options. We also explore the intricacies surrounding reimbursement of these treatment strategies in the USA.
An update on cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Uyar Meral , Davutoglu Vedat
Published: June 2016

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is an important health problem which may cause or worsen systemic diseases. Chronic intermittent hypoxia during repetitive airflow cessations may cause endothelial dysfunction. Sleep apnoea is also shown to be associated with hypercoagulability which may be due to decreased nitric oxide levels and impaired vasodilatation. Endothelial dysfunction, increased systemic inflammation, sympathetic nervous system activation, increased oxidative stress and dysglycaemia may all contribute to cardiovascular processes such as hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Treatment approaches in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea mainly focus on maintaining upper airway patency either with positive airway pressure devices or upper airway appliances. Strategies involving positive airway pressure therapy are associated with decreased morbidity and mortality. Obstructive sleep apnoea should be suspected as an underlying mechanism in patients with cardiovascular disease and warrants appropriate treatment.
The Coulon deposit: quantifying alteration in volcanogenic massive sulphide systems modified by amphibolite-facies metamorphism
Authors: Mathieu Lucie , Bouchard Rose-Anne , Pearson Vital , Daigneault Réal
Published: June 2016

The Coulon deposit is a volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) system in the James Bay area, Superior craton, Quebec, that was metamorphosed to amphibolite-facies conditions. The chemistry and mineralogy of the VMS-related alteration halo proximal to the mineralized sulphide lenses are investigated, using samples collected in the field and 5583 chemical analyses provided by Osisko Ltd. Alteration is quantified using mass balance and normative calculations, and the application and performance of these methods in an exploration context are investigated. In VMS systems, altered rocks proximal to the ore zones are characterized by multi-element metasomatism, which is best quantified by mass balance methods that have been successfully applied in the study area. However, mass balance calculations necessitate the documentation of a precursor, which is not always possible in an exploration context; therefore, an alternative method (i.e., alteration indices) was also evaluated. In most VMS systems, proximal alteration is characterized by chlorite (chloritization), muscovite (sericitization), and quartz (silicification), while at the Coulon deposit, altered rocks contain mostly cordierite, biotite, sillimanite, and quartz. Alteration indices were calculated using observed and normative minerals, and provide satisfactory results similar to those obtained with mass balance calculations. Using these results, recommendations are made to estimate the intensity of alteration in the core shack using the proportions of observed minerals. Alteration indices are sensitive to the composition of precursors; and because of high-grade metamorphism, chloritization and sericitization are not precisely quantified. Recognizing these limitations is essential to successful quantification of alteration in areas metamorphosed to high-grade conditions.
Host genetics and environment shape fungal pathogen incidence on a foundation forest tree species, Populus tremuloides
Authors: Barker Hilary L. , Smith Denise , Stanosz Glen , Lindroth Richard L.
Published: June 2016

Diseases can markedly alter the ecological and economic value of poplars. To better understand poplar–pathogen interactions, we investigated the independent and interactive effects of tree genotype, soil nutrient limitation, and interspecific competition on incidence of powdery mildew (caused by the fungal obligate pathogen Erysiphe adunca (Wallr.) Fr., 1829) in a foundation tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). We established a common garden of potted aspen saplings, incorporating five tree genotypes, two levels of soil nutrients (low and high), and two levels of competition (with and without grass). We then surveyed natural incidence of powdery mildew and aspen vigor (i.e., growth). Incidence of powdery mildew varied among aspen genotypes, and variance in incidence shifted among environments in which the trees were grown. Added soil nutrients increased powdery mildew incidence on aspen, whereas grass competition had the opposite effect. Interestingly, grass competition either enhanced or dampened the variance in incidence of powdery mildew among tree genotypes, depending on soil nutrient levels. In addition, powdery mildew incidence was positively related to tree vigor. Our findings reveal strong genetic, environmental, and genetic×environmental effects of disease on a foundation tree species and that particular environments can either enhance or diminish variation in responses among tree genotypes.
EFFECT OF ROUGH SURFACE ASYMMETRY ON CONTACT ENERGY LOSS IN HIP IMPLANTS
Authors: HODAEI MOHAMMAD , FARHANG KAMBIZ
Published: June 2016

Rough surface height distribution can be nonsymmetric, depending on the process of surface preparation. The prevalent processes for implant surface involve turning and milling, both resulting in surface height distributions of nonsymmetric nature. Asymmetry in a surface height distribution is manifested through a parameter known as skewness. Unlike Gaussian distribution, Weibull distribution permits characteristics such as skewness and kurtosis in data to be included in the mathematical description of a height distribution. This paper develops hip implant contact model based on Weibull distribution of surface heights. The elastic–plastic interaction of implant surfaces are considered as macroscopically spherical surfaces containing micron-scale roughness. Symmetric and asymmetric roughness height distribution are compared. The total contact force is related to the minimum mean surface separation of the contacting rough surfaces. The force is obtained using statistical integral function of the asperity heights over the possible region of interaction of the roughness of surfaces. Approximate equations are obtained that relate the contact force to the minimum mean surface separation explicitly. The approximate equations are used to derive hysteretic energy loss per load–unload sequence, contact frequency, and damping. It is shown that energy loss per cycle, contact frequency, and damping are lower for asymmetric surface roughness distribution.
KINEMATIC DIFFERENCES IN LUMBOPELVIC AND HIP MOVEMENT PATTERNS DURING A LOWER LIMB MOVEMENT TEST BETWEEN TWO GROUPS OF PEOPLE WITH LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: SADEGHISANI MEISSAM , SHATERZADEH MOHAMMAD JAFAR , KARIMI MOHAMMAD TAGHI , FATOYE FRANCIS , AKBARI MARJAN , DEHGHAN MORTAZA , KABIR MAJID MOHSENI
Published: June 2016

Increased lumbopelvic motion during limb movements’ tests was reported in low back pain (LBP) patients with and without rotational demand activities. The aim of this study was to compare lumbopelvic movement pattern between two groups of LBP patients with and without rotational demand activity during active hip external rotation test. A total of 39 patients with non-specific chronic LBP participated in this study. Patients were allocated into two groups, in first group 15 subjects (mean [Formula: see text] years) with rotational demand activities such as tennis, squash and golf, and in second group 24 subjects (mean [Formula: see text]) without rotational demand activities participated in current study. Kinematic data from lumbopelvic-hip region during active hip external rotation test (AHER) were collected by a 3D motion analysis system. Variables including range of motion (ROM) of hip external rotation, pelvic rotation, pelvic rotation during first half of hip rotation motion and timing of pelvic-hip movement were calculated by MATLAB software for both sides and after this, independent t-test was used to compare the variables between two groups of study. The mean lumbopelvic rotation in lower extremities tests for both sides and lumbopelvic rotation in the dominant limb external rotation test in the patients with rotational demand activities were significantly more than other group ([Formula: see text]). During dominant lower limb movement test, pelvic rotation in first half of movement and in patients with rotational activities was greater than in non-rotational group but hip rotation was statistically lesser than other group ([Formula: see text]). Other variables between the two groups were not significantly different ([Formula: see text]). The result of the study suggest that LBP patients who have rotational demand sports activities may move their lumbopelvic region in a greater magnitude during the AHER test than LBP people without rotational demand activities. Therefore, Lumbopelvic movement pattern in different groups of patients with LBP and based on their specific activities is different with each other.
Modified Liu-Carter Compression Model for Natural Clays with Various Initial Water Contents
Authors: Qian Sen , Shi Jian , Ding Jian-wen
Published: June 2016

The initial water content has a significant effect on the compression behaviour of reconstituted clays. This effect has to be considered in the Liu-Carter model to ensure the addition voids ratio only related to soil structure. A modified Liu-Carter compression model is proposed by introducing the empirical equations for reconstituted clays at different initial water contents into the Liu-Carter model. The proposed model is verified against the experimental results from the literature. The simulations by the proposed method are also compared with that by old method where the influence of initial water content is not considered. The results show that the predicted virgin compression curves of natural clays are similar, but the values ofbandΔeymay be very different.
Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Jiang Xiaodan , Lv Huibin , Song Hang , Zhang Mingzhou , Liu Yan , Hu Xiaodan , Li Xuemin , Wang Wei
Published: June 2016

Purpose.This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of a novel treatment-intense pulsed light (IPL) in MGD eyes.Methods.This study is a prospective and open label study. Forty eyes of 40 MGD patients were recruited in the study and received 4 consecutive IPL treatments on day 1, day 15, day 45, and day 75. Ten ocular surface symptoms were evaluated with a subjective face score at every visit. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival injection, upper and lower tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining, lid margin and meibomian gland assessments, and meibography were also recorded at every visit, as well as the adverse effects on the eye and ocular surface.Results.Significant improvements were observed in single and total ocular surface symptom scores, TBUT, and conjunctival injection at all the visits after the initial IPL treatment (P<0.05). Compared to baseline, the signs of eyelid margin, meibomian gland secretion quality, and expressibility were significantly improved at every visit after treatments. There was no regional and systemic threat observed in any patient.Conclusion.Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy is a safe and efficient treatment in relieving symptoms and signs of MGD eyes.
Family Dynamics and Personal Strengths among Dementia Caregivers in Argentina
Authors: Elnasseh Aaliah G. , Trujillo Michael A. , Peralta Silvina Victoria , Stolfi Miriam E. , Morelli Eliana , Perrin Paul B. , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos
Published: June 2016

This study examined whether healthier family dynamics were associated with higher personal strengths of resilience, sense of coherence, and optimism among dementia caregivers in Argentina. Caregivers are usually required to assist individuals with dementia, and family members have typically fulfilled that role. Personal strengths such as resilience, sense of coherence, and optimism have been shown to protect caregivers from some of the negative experiences of providing care, though the family-related variables associated with these personal strengths are largely unknown. Hierarchical multiple regressions investigated the extent to which family dynamics variables are associated with each of the caregiver personal strengths after controlling for demographic and caregiver characteristics. A sample of 105 caregivers from Argentina completed a set of questionnaires during a neurologist visit. Family dynamics explained 32% of the variance in resilience and 39% of the variance in sense of coherence. Greater family empathy and decreased family problems were uniquely associated with higher resilience. Greater communication and decreased family problems were uniquely associated with higher sense of coherence. Optimism was not found to be significantly associated with family dynamics. These results suggest that caregiver intervention research focused on the family may help improve caregiver personal strengths in Argentina and other Latin American countries.
Preventive Effects ofHouttuynia cordataExtract for Oral Infectious Diseases
Authors: Sekita Yasuko , Murakami Keiji , Yumoto Hiromichi , Amoh Takashi , Fujiwara Natsumi , Ogata Shohei , Matsuo Takashi , Miyake Yoichiro , Kashiwada Yoshiki
Published: June 2016

Houttuynia cordata(HC) (Saururaceae) has been used internally and externally as a traditional medicine and as an herbal tea for healthcare in Japan. Our recent survey showed that HC poultice (HCP) prepared from smothering fresh leaves of HC had been frequently used for the treatment of purulent skin diseases with high effectiveness. Our experimental study also demonstrated that ethanol extract of HCP (eHCP) has antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory effects againstS. aureuswhich caused purulent skin diseases. In this study, we focused on novel effects of HCP against oral infectious diseases, such as periodontal disease and dental caries. We determined the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of water solution of HCP ethanol extract (wHCP) against important oral pathogens and investigated its cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells. wHCP had moderate antimicrobial effects against some oral microorganisms and profound antibiofilm effects againstFusobacterium nucleatum,Streptococcus mutans, andCandida albicans. In addition, wHCP had no cytotoxic effects and could inhibit interleukin-8 and CCL20 productions byPorphyromonas gingivalislipopolysaccharide-stimulated human oral keratinocytes. Our findings suggested that wHCP may be clinically useful for preventing oral infectious diseases as a mouthwash for oral care.
iStent® Trabecular Microbypass Stent: An Update
Authors: Resende Arthur Fernandes , Patel Neal Sanjay , Waisbourd Michael , Katz L. Jay
Published: June 2016

Due to the high rates of complications and failure experienced with current glaucoma procedures, there is a continuous search for a safer and more effective glaucoma surgery. A new class of procedures termed minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) aim to fill this void by offering an alternative method of IOP reduction associated with markedly reduced complication rates and shorter recovery times. The iStent, a trabecular microbypass stent, is a MIGS device that has quickly gained popularity. The device allows aqueous humor to directly drain from the anterior chamber into Schlemm’s canal by bypassing an obstructed trabecular meshwork. This review examines publications about the iStent, focusing on the device’s efficacy, safety, and cost when a single iStent or multiple iStents are implanted in combination with cataract surgery or as a solo procedure. Current data suggest that the iStent is a safe and effective tool in the management of mild-to-moderate glaucoma, notable for its limited complications and absence of serious adverse events following implantation. As valuable experience is gained performingab internoMIGS, increasing familiarity with angle anatomy and iStent placement, and as newer stent designs are developed, there is promise of continual improvement in the surgical management of glaucoma.
A Sensitive Method Approach for Chromatographic Analysis of Gas Streams in Separation Processes Based on Columns Packed with an Adsorbent Material
Authors: Esteves I. A. A. C. , Sousa G. M. R. P. L. , Silva R. J. S. , Ribeiro R. P. P. L. , Eusébio M. F. J. , Mota J. P. B.
Published: June 2016

A sensitive method was developed and experimentally validated for the in-line analysis and quantification of gaseous feed and product streams of separation processes under research and development based on column chromatography. The analysis uses a specific mass spectrometry method coupled to engineering processes, such as Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Simulated Moving Bed (SMB), which are examples of popular continuous separation technologies that can be used in applications such as natural gas and biogas purifications or carbon dioxide sequestration. These processes employ column adsorption equilibria on adsorbent materials, thus requiring real-time gas stream composition quantification. For this assay, an internal standard is assumed and a single-point calibration is used in a simple mixture-specific algorithm. The accuracy of the method was found to be between 0.01% and 0.25% (-mol) for mixtures of CO2, CH4, and N2, tested as case-studies. This makes the method feasible for streams with quality control levels that can be used as a standard monitoring and analyzing procedure.
Computational Simulation of Scleral Buckling Surgery for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: On the Effect of the Band Size on the Myopization
Authors: Lanchares Elena , Buey María A. del , Cristóbal José A. , Calvo Begoña , Ascaso Francisco J. , Malvè Mauro
Published: June 2016

A finite element model (FE) of the eye including cornea, sclera, crystalline lens, and ciliary body was created to analyze the influence of the silicone encircling bandwidth and the tightness degree on the myopia induced by scleral buckling (SB) procedure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was applied to the reference geometry of the FE model and then SB surgery was simulated with encircling bandwidths of 1, 2, and 2.5 mm. Different levels of tightening and three values of IOP were applied. The anterior segment resulted as unaffected by the surgery. The highest value of Cauchy stress appeared in the surroundings of the implant, whereas no increment of stress was observed either in anterior segment or in the optic nerve head. The initial IOP did not appear to play any role in the induced myopia. The wider the band, the greater the induced myopia: 0.44, 0.88, and 1.07 diopters (D) for the 1, 2, and 2.5 mm bandwidth, respectively. Therefore, patients become more myopic with a wider encircling element. The proposed simulations allow determining the effect of the bandwidth or the tightness degree on the axial lengthening, thus predicting the myopic increment caused by the encircling surgery.
Optimizing NEURON Simulation Environment Using Remote Memory Access with Recursive Doubling on Distributed Memory Systems
Authors: Shehzad Danish , Bozkuş Zeki
Published: June 2016

Increase in complexity of neuronal network models escalated the efforts to make NEURON simulation environment efficient. The computational neuroscientists divided the equations into subnets amongst multiple processors for achieving better hardware performance. On parallel machines for neuronal networks, interprocessor spikes exchange consumes large section of overall simulation time. In NEURON for communication between processors Message Passing Interface (MPI) is used. MPI_Allgather collective is exercised for spikes exchange after each interval across distributed memory systems. The increase in number of processors though results in achieving concurrency and better performance but it inversely affects MPI_Allgather which increases communication time between processors. This necessitates improving communication methodology to decrease the spikes exchange time over distributed memory systems. This work has improved MPI_Allgather method using Remote Memory Access (RMA) by moving two-sided communication to one-sided communication, and use of recursive doubling mechanism facilitates achieving efficient communication between the processors in precise steps. This approach enhanced communication concurrency and has improved overall runtime making NEURON more efficient for simulation of large neuronal network models.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of Ternary Copper(II) Complex Derived from N-(salicylidene)-L-valine
Authors: Santha Lakshmi Sundaramurthy , Geetha Kannappan
Published: June 2016

Ternary Schiff base copper(II) complex [CuL(tmpda)] (where H2L is N-(salicylidene)-L-valine; tmpda is N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine) has been characterized by UV-Vis., FTIR, and single crystal XRD. The crystal structure displays a distorted square pyramidal geometry in which Schiff base is bonded to the Cu(II) ion via phenolate oxygen, imine nitrogen, and an oxygen atom of the carboxylate group through the basal plane and the chelating diamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine, displays an axial and equatorial mode of binding via NN-donor atoms.
Multiphase Simulated Annealing Based on Boltzmann and Bose-Einstein Distribution Applied to Protein Folding Problem
Authors: Frausto-Solis Juan , Liñán-García Ernesto , Sánchez-Hernández Juan Paulo , González-Barbosa J. Javier , González-Flores Carlos , Castilla-Valdez Guadalupe
Published: June 2016

A new hybrid Multiphase Simulated Annealing Algorithm using Boltzmann and Bose-Einstein distributions (MPSABBE) is proposed. MPSABBE was designed for solving the Protein Folding Problem (PFP) instances. This new approach has four phases: (i) Multiquenching Phase (MQP), (ii) Boltzmann Annealing Phase (BAP), (iii) Bose-Einstein Annealing Phase (BEAP), and (iv) Dynamical Equilibrium Phase (DEP). BAP and BEAP are simulated annealing searching procedures based on Boltzmann and Bose-Einstein distributions, respectively. DEP is also a simulated annealing search procedure, which is applied at the final temperature of the fourth phase, which can be seen as a second Bose-Einstein phase. MQP is a search process that ranges from extremely high to high temperatures, applying a very fast cooling process, and is not very restrictive to accept new solutions. However, BAP and BEAP range from high to low and from low to very low temperatures, respectively. They are more restrictive for accepting new solutions. DEP uses a particular heuristic to detect the stochastic equilibrium by applying a least squares method during its execution. MPSABBE parameters are tuned with an analytical method, which considers the maximal and minimal deterioration of problem instances. MPSABBE was tested with several instances of PFP, showing that the use of both distributions is better than using only the Boltzmann distribution on the classical SA.
A Case of Tuberculous Meningitis with Tuberculoma in Nonimmunocompromised Immigrant
Authors: Rali Parth , Arshad Hammad , Bihler Eric
Published: June 2016

We present a case of tuberculous (TB) meningitis in nonimmunocompromised immigrant worker who initially presented with headache and later with generalized tonic clonic seizures and disseminated tuberculosis.
PGC-1α-Dependent Mitochondrial Adaptation Is Necessary to Sustain IL-2-Induced Activities in Human NK Cells
Authors: Miranda Dante , Jara Claudia , Ibañez Jorge , Ahumada Viviana , Acuña-Castillo Claudio , Martin Adrian , Córdova Alexandra , Montoya Margarita
Published: June 2016

Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are a specialized heterogeneous subpopulation of lymphocytes involved in antitumor defense reactions. NK cell effector functions are critically dependent on cytokines and metabolic activity. Among various cytokines modulating NK cell function, interleukin-2 (IL-2) can induce a more potent cytotoxic activity defined as lymphokine activated killer activity (LAK). Our aim was to determine if IL-2 induces changes at the mitochondrial level in NK cells to support the bioenergetic demand for performing this enhanced cytotoxic activity more efficiently. Purified human NK cells were cultured with high IL-2 concentrations to develop LAK activity, which was assessed by the ability of NK cells to lyse NK-resistant Daudi cells. Here we show that, after 72 h of culture of purified human NK cells with enough IL-2 to induce LAK activity, both the mitochondrial mass and the mitochondrial membrane potential increased in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. In addition, oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibited IL-2-induced LAK activity at 48 and 72 h of culture. Moreover, the secretion of IFN-γfrom NK cells with LAK activity was also partially dependent on PGC-1αexpression. These results indicate that PGC-1αplays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function involved in the maintenance of LAK activity in human NK cells stimulated with IL-2.
Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Monocytic Cells and Neutrophils in Response to Dengue Virus Type 2
Authors: Castañeda-Sánchez Jorge I. , Domínguez-Martínez Diana Alhelí , Olivar-Espinosa Nataly , García-Pérez Blanca Estela , Loroño-Pino María Alba , Luna-Herrera Julieta , Salazar Ma Isabel
Published: June 2016

Background/Aims: The innate immune response is remarkably important for controlling infections. Information about the participation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to dengue virus (DENV) is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the AMP response to DENV-2 in human THP-1 cells and neutrophils. Methods: Protein and mRNA levels of two AMPs - hBD-1 and cathelicidin LL-37 - were assessed in DENV-infected macrophage-like THP-1 cells using qRT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. Also, mRNA levels of α-defensins (hDEFAs) and LL-37 were examined by qRT-PCR in human neutrophils taken from peripheral blood and treated with DENV-2. Results: mRNA expression of hBD-1 rose in THP-1 cells at 24-72 h, while protein expression increased later, from 48 to 72 h after infection. Cathelicidin LL-37 mRNA expression of DENV-infected THP-1 cells was observed at 6-48 h after infection, while protein levels increased importantly up to 72 h after infection. Regarding neutrophils, the mRNA expression of hDEFAs and LL-37 increased slightly at 2 and 5 h after the contact with DENV-2. Conclusion: THP-1 cells and human neutrophils strongly respond to DENV by producing AMPs: hBD-1 and LL-37 for the THP-1 cells and hDEFAs and LL-37 for neutrophils. However, the direct effect of these molecules on DENV particles remains unclear.
Schizophrenia and the Other: A Phenomenological Approach to ‘Positive Withdrawal'
Authors: Herning Stefan
Published: June 2016

Background: Schizophrenia, in phenomenological psychopathology, is often described as a self disturbance and sometimes as a disturbance of the self-world relation. This study seeks to elaborate on these concepts by examining the significance of the Other in relation to these disturbances. Method: Levinas' account of the ‘home' will be employed to interpret the phenomenon of ‘positive withdrawal'. Results: Positive withdrawal can be conceptualized as a means to domesticate the Other, and schizophrenia can be described as an alteration or absence of the normal mode of being at home in the world. Furthermore, the theoretic approach seems to suggest that self- and intersubjective disturbances are intimately related. Conclusions: Further elaboration on the phenomenon of the Other and on his relation to schizophrenic illness might provide phenomenological psychopathology with important insights into the nature of schizophrenia and the way the person with schizophrenia experiences himself, the world and Others. This analysis also suggests that psychotherapy could become more effective by developing methods of making the patient feel more at home in the world with Others, and that these methods might need to address the fundamental conditions upon which the patient communicates with and listens to Others.
Percutaneous Bullectomy in Conjunction with Endobronchial Valve Placement as an Alternative to Surgical Management of Giant Bullae
Authors: Goud Aditya , Krimsky William , Caldwel Marry , Perry Brandon , Heiraty Pooya , Sarkar Saiyad , Harley Daniel P. , Selinger Stephen
Published: June 2016

We present the first reported case of the treatment and management of a giant bulla using percutaneous bullectomy and endobronchial valve placement. A 74-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a known large bulla in the left chest presented to the emergency department with acute-onset confusion after a traumatic fall. She was subsequently diagnosed with an intracranial hemorrhage in the distribution of the right basal ganglia. Chest imaging revealed a giant apical bulla occupying 80% of the left hemithorax. In addition, there was midline shift away from the affected side associated with volume loss in the right hemithorax and no radiographic evidence of aeration in the remainder of the left lung. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed significant hypercapnia. Surgical bullectomy was not an option, and thus, a novel approach was utilized to treat this patient.
Which QT Correction Formulae to Use for QT Monitoring?
Authors: Vandenberk Bert , Vandael Eline , Robyns Tomas , Vandenberghe Joris , Garweg Christophe , Foulon Veerle , Ector Joris , Willems Rik
Published: June 2016

Background

Drug safety precautions recommend monitoring of the corrected
QT
interval. To determine which
QT
correction formula to use in an automated
QT
‐monitoring algorithm in our electronic medical record, we studied rate correction performance of different
QT
correction formulae and their impact on risk assessment for mortality.

Methods and Results

All electrocardiograms (
ECG
s) in patients >18 years with sinus rhythm, normal
QRS
duration and rate <90 beats per minute (bpm) in the University Hospitals of Leuven (Leuven, Belgium) during a 2‐month period were included.
QT
correction was performed with Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham, Hodges, and Rautaharju formulae. In total, 6609 patients were included (age, 59.8±16.2 years; 53.6% male and heart rate 68.8±10.6 bpm). Optimal rate correction was observed using Fridericia and Framingham; Bazett performed worst. A healthy subset showed 99% upper limits of normal for Bazett above current clinical standards: men 472 ms (95%
CI
, 464–478 ms) and women 482 ms (95%
CI
474–490 ms). Multivariate Cox regression, including age, heart rate, and prolonged
QT
c, identified Framingham (hazard ratio [
HR
], 7.31; 95%
CI
, 4.10–13.05) and Fridericia (
HR
, 5.95; 95%
CI
, 3.34–10.60) as significantly better predictors of 30‐day all‐cause mortality than Bazett (
HR
, 4.49; 95%
CI
, 2.31–8.74). In a point‐prevalence study with haloperidol, the number of patients classified to be at risk for possibly harmful
QT
prolongation could be reduced by 50% using optimal
QT
rate correction.

Conclusions

Fridericia and Framingham correction formulae showed the best rate correction and significantly improved prediction of 30‐day and 1‐year mortality. With current clinical standards, Bazett overestimated the number of patients with potential dangerous
QT
c prolongation, which could lead to unnecessary safety measurements as withholding the patient of first‐choice medication.