bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K Deficiency Presenting in an Infant with an Anterior Mediastinal Mass: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Palau Mauricio A. , Winters Amanda , Liang Xiayuan , Nuss Rachelle , Niermeyer Susan , Gossling Megan , Wright Clyde
Published: February 2017

We report a case of a 1-month-old infant with spontaneous thymic hemorrhage secondary to severe vitamin K deficiency. He was brought to medical attention due to scrotal bruising and during evaluation was noted to be tachypneic and hypoxemic. Chest X-ray revealed an enlarged cardiothymic silhouette, and a follow-up echocardiogram revealed a mass in the anterior mediastinum. Routine laboratory work-up revealed severe coagulopathy. Further questioning revealed the patient had not received prophylactic vitamin K at birth. The coagulopathy resolved with administration of vitamin K, and a biopsy confirmed the anterior mediastinal mass was due to spontaneous thymic hemorrhage.
The Short Isoform of DNAJB6 Protects against 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpridinium Ion‐Induced Apoptosis in LN18 Cells via Inhibiting Both ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Loss
Authors: Hong Yeon-Mi , Hong Yohan , Choi Yeong-Gon , Yeo Sujung , Jin Soo Hee , Lee Sae-Won , Sung Backil , Lee Sook-Hyun , Jung Hyejin , Lim Sabina
Published: February 2017

In a previous study, we found that the short isoform of DNAJB6 (DNAJB6(S)) had been decreased in the striatum of a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). DNAJB6, one of the heat shock proteins, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we explored the cytoprotective effect of DNAJB6(S) against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion‐ (MPP+‐) induced apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in cultured LN18 cells from astrocytic tumors. We observed that MPP+ significantly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in LN18 glioblastoma cells. DNAJB6(S) protected LN18 cells against MPP+‐induced apoptosis not only by suppressing Bax cleavage but also by inhibiting a series of apoptotic events including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, and activation of caspase‐9. These observations suggest that the cytoprotective effects of DNAJB6(S) may be mediated, at least in part, by the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania
Authors: Kayombo C. M. , Mumghamba E. G.
Published: February 2017

Aim.To assess self-reported halitosis, oral hygiene practices, oral health conditions, general health problems, sociodemographic factors, and behavioural and psychological characteristics among workers in Ilala and Temeke municipals.Materials and Methods.This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Four hundred workers were recruited using a self-administered structured questionnaire.Results.Self-reported tooth brushing practice was 100%, tongue cleaning 58.5%, dental flossing 4.3%, gum bleeding on tooth brushing 79.3%, presence of hard deposits on teeth 32%, mobile teeth 15.3%, and self-reported halitosis (SRH) 48.5%. Tea users were 95%, coffee users 75.8%, smokers 21%, and alcohol consumers 47%. The SRH was significantly associated with bleeding gums, hard deposits, and mobile and malaligned teeth. Tongue cleaning and regular change of toothbrush were associated with low prevalence of SRH (P<0.001). Higher occurrence of SRH was significantly related to low education and smoking.Conclusion.Self-reported halitosis was prevalent among workers and was significantly associated with bleeding gums, hard dental deposits, mobile teeth, and smoking. All participants brushed their teeth and cleaned the tongue regularly but use of dental floss was extremely low. Oral health education and health promotion are recommended.
Acupuncture Attenuates Renal Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure via Beta-Adrenergic Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Yang Jing-Wen , Ye Yang , Wang Xue-Rui , Li Fang , Xiao Ling-Yong , Shi Guang-Xia , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: February 2017

The sympathetic nervous system, via epinephrine and norepinephrine, regulatesβ-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) expression, and renal sympathetic activation causes sustained increases in blood pressure by enhanced renin release. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of acupuncture at Taichong (LR3) on renal sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Unanesthetized rats were subject to daily acupuncture for 2 weeks. Mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were monitored at days 0, 7, and 14 by radiotelemetry. After euthanasia on the 14th day, blood and the kidneys were collected and subject to the following analyses. Epinephrine and norepinephrine were detected by ELISA. The expression ofβ-ARs was studied by western blotting and PCR. The renin content was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. 14-day acupuncture significantly attenuates the increase of MBP. The HRV indices, the standard deviation of all normal NN intervals (SDNN), and the ratio of the low-frequency component to the high-frequency component (LF/HF) were improved following acupuncture. Renal sympathetic activation induced upregulation of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and renin content were attenuated by acupuncture. In addition, acupuncture decreasedβ1-AR expression and improvedβ2-AR expression. These results indicated that acupuncture relieves the increased MBP via the regulation of renal sympathetic activity andβ-ARs.
Cervical Carcinogenesis and Immune Response Gene Polymorphisms: A Review
Authors: Mehta Akash M. , Mooij Merel , Branković Ivan , Ouburg Sander , Morré Servaas A. , Jordanova Ekaterina S.
Published: February 2017

The local immune response is considered a key determinant in cervical carcinogenesis after persistent infection with oncogenic, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Genetic variation in various immune response genes has been shown to influence risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as progression and survival among cervical cancer patients. We reviewed the literature on associations of immunogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism, allele, genotype, and haplotype distributions with risk and progression of cervical cancer. Studies on HLA and KIR gene polymorphisms were excluded due to the abundance on literature on that subject. We show that multiple genes and loci are associated with variation in risk of cervical cancer. Rather than one single gene being responsible for cervical carcinogenesis, we postulate that variations in the different immune response genes lead to subtle differences in the effectiveness of the antiviral and antitumour immune responses, ultimately leading to differences in risk of developing cervical cancer and progressive disease after HPV infection.
EDIN Scale Implemented by Gestational Age for Pain Assessment in Preterms: A Prospective Study
Authors: Raffaeli G. , Cristofori G. , Befani B. , De Carli A. , Cavallaro G. , Fumagalli M. , Plevani L. , Mosca F.
Published: February 2017

Background. Chronic neonatal pain can lead to long-term adverse effects on the immature brain. EDIN scale for prolonged pain might not be fully suitable for premature infants. We aimed to test a modified EDIN scale, adding postmenstrual age (PMA) as a sixth item (EDIN6). Methods. In a two-phase prospective study, pain was assessed in all neonates admitted in our NICU. In T1 EDIN was applied; in T2 EDIN6 with additional scores of 2, 1, and 0, respectively, for 25–32, 33–37, and >37 weeks PCA was tested. Scores > 6 suggested pain. The nursing staff was given a questionnaire to evaluate EDIN and EDIN6. Results. A total of 15960 pain assessments were recorded (8693 in T1; 7267 in T2). With EDIN6, cumulative detection of pain almost tripled (117/7267 versus 52/8693, p=0.001). Main differences were found among less mature categories (50/1472 versus 17/1734, p=0.001 in PCA 25–32; 26/2606 versus 10/4335, p=0.001 in PMA 33–37; 41/3189 versus 25/2624, p=0.26 in PMA > 37). Adequacy of pain assessment in lower PMA was judged “medium-high” in 13,4% of nurses in T1 and 71,4% in T2. Conclusions. EDIN6 may allow improved evaluation of pain in preterm infants.
Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules Using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: An Institutional Experience in a Rural Setting
Authors: Guo Aili , Kaminoh Yuuki , Forward Terra , Schwartz Frank L. , Jenkinson Scott
Published: February 2017

Background. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) remains the first-line diagnostic in management of thyroid nodules and reduces unnecessary surgeries. However, it is still challenging since cytological results are not always straightforward. This study aimed to examine the results of thyroid FNA using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) to establish the level of accuracy of FNA procedures in a rural practice setting. Method. A retrospective chart review was conducted on existing thyroid FNA performed in a referral endocrine center between December 2011 and November 2015. Results. A total of 159 patients (18–88 years old) and 236 nodule aspirations were performed and submitted for evaluation. 79% were benign, 3% atypia/follicular lesion of unknown significance (AUS/FLUS), 5% follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 4% suspicious for malignancy (one case was indeed an atypical parathyroid neoplasm by surgical pathology), 2% malignant, and 7% nondiagnostic. Two cases also had advanced molecular analysis on FNA specimens before thyroidectomy. Conclusion. The diagnostic yield of FNA cytology from our practice in a rural setting suggests that accuracy and specificity are comparable to results from larger centers.
APC Mutations as a Potential Biomarker for Sensitivity to Tankyrase Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tanaka Noritaka , Mashima Tetsuo , Mizutani Anna , Sato Ayana , Aoyama Aki , Gong Bo , Yoshida Haruka , Muramatsu Yukiko , Nakata Kento , Matsuura Masaaki , Katayama Ryohei , Nagayama Satoshi , Fujita Naoya , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Seimiya Hiroyuki
Published: February 2017

In most colorectal cancers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated by loss-of-function mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Tankyrases poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate and destabilize Axins, a negative regulator of β-catenin, and upregulate β-catenin signaling. Tankyrase inhibitors downregulate β-catenin and are expected to be promising therapeutics for colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancer cells are not always sensitive to tankyrase inhibitors, and predictive biomarkers for the drug sensitivity remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the short-form APC mutations predict the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to tankyrase inhibitors. By using well-established colorectal cancer cell lines, we found that tankyrase inhibitors downregulated β-catenin in the drug-sensitive, but not resistant, colorectal cancer cells. The drug-sensitive cells showed higher Tcf/LEF transcriptional activity than the resistant cells and possessed “short” truncated APCs lacking all seven β-catenin-binding 20-amino acid repeats (20-AARs). In contrast, the drug-resistant cells possessed “long” APC retaining two or more 20-AARs. Knockdown of the long APCs with two 20-AARs increased β-catenin, Tcf/LEF transcriptional activity and its target gene AXIN2 expression. Under these conditions, tankyrase inhibitors were able to downregulate β-catenin in the resistant cells. These results indicate that the long APCs are hypomorphic mutants, whereas they exert a dominant-negative effect on Axin-dependent β-catenin degradation caused by tankyrase inhibitors. Finally, we established 16 patient-derived colorectal cancer cells and confirmed that the tankyrase inhibitor–responsive cells harbor the short-form APC mutations. These observations exemplify the predictive importance of APC mutations, the most common genetic alteration in colorectal cancers, for molecular targeted therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 752–62. ©2017 AACR.
Subjective Cognitive Impairment Is a Predominantly Benign Condition in Memory Clinic Patients Followed for 6 Years: The Gothenburg-Oslo MCI Study
Authors: Hessen Erik , Eckerström Marie , Nordlund Arto , Selseth Almdahl Ina , Stålhammar Jacob , Bjerke Maria , Eckerström Carl , Göthlin Mattias , Fladby Tormod , Reinvang Ivar , Wallin Anders
Published: February 2017

Background/Aims: In the quest for prevention or treatment, there is a need to find early markers for preclinical dementia. This study observed memory clinic patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and normal cognitive function at baseline. The primary aim was to address SCI as a potential risk factor for cognitive decline. The secondary aim was to address a potential relation between (1) baseline cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and (2) a decline in memory performance over the first 2 years of follow-up, with a possible cognitive decline after 6 years. Methods: Eighty-one patients (mean age 61 years) were recruited from university memory clinics and followed up for 6 years. Results: Eighty-six percent of the cohort remained cognitively stable or improved, 9% developed mild cognitive impairment, and only 5% (n = 4) developed dementia. Regression analysis revealed that low levels of Aβ42 at baseline and memory decline during the first 2 years predicted dementia. When combined, these variables were associated with a 50% risk of developing dementia. Conclusions: Cognitive stability for 86% of the cohort suggests that SCI is predominantly a benign condition with regard to neuropathology. The low number of individuals who developed dementia limits the generalizability of the results and discussion of progression factors.
Novel AMH and AMHR2 Mutations in Two Egyptian Families with Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome
Authors: Mazen Inas , El-Gammal Mona , McElreavey Ken , Elaidy Aya , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S.
Published: February 2017

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells and signals through 2 transmembrane receptors (AMHR), specific types I and II, leading to regression of müllerian ducts during fetal male sex differentiation. Mutations in AMH and AMHR2 lead to the persistence of müllerian ducts in males which is transmitted in a recessive pattern. Here, we report 2 Egyptian DSD (disorder of sex development) patients reared as males who presented with bilateral cryptorchidism and otherwise normal male external genitalia and who both had a 46,XY karyotype. The first patient presented at the age of 2 years. Laparoscopic surgery revealed a uterus and fallopian tubes with the presence of 2 gonads, and biopsy and pathology revealed prepubertal testicular tissue showing small-sized tubules with mostly Sertoli cells and very few spermatogonia, edematous stroma, and no detectable ovarian tissue. The second patient presented at the age of 3 years. Laparoscopic surgery revealed a uterus and fallopian tubes, and serum AMH was very low (0.1 ng/mL). Molecular studies revealed a novel missense mutation in the AMHR2 gene in the first patient (c.767A>C; p.H256P) and a novel frameshift mutation in the AMH gene in the second patient (c.203delC; p.L70Cfs*7). We conclude that persistent müllerian ducts should be included in the differential diagnosis of cryptorchidism.
Factors Affecting Concordance between Radiological and Histological Findings in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma - Experience from a National Cancer Centre
Authors: Abu-Sinn Duaa , O'Driscoll Donal , Murphy Maurice
Published: February 2017

Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is characterized by an infiltrative discohesive growth pattern, making it difficult to accurately assess both clinically and by imaging studies. Despite favourable biological characteristics, challenges remain in the surgical treatment of ILC. We aimed to evaluate radiology/histology concordance and identify histological and biological parameters on core biopsies that may predict final tumour histology and guide surgical treatment decisions. Patients and Methods: The radiology and histology reports for all newly diagnosed cases of ILC were analysed. The biopsy and resection histological slides for all the surgical cases were reviewed. Results: 75 new cases of ILC were diagnosed over a 2-year period. 48 patients underwent surgery of whom 25% had 2 or more operations. There was discordance between radiological and histological tumour focality and tumour size in 35 and 40%, respectively. The correlation between radiology/histology discordance and E-cadherin expression was statistically significant. However, the correlation between radiology/histology discordance and menopausal status, breast density, pattern of invasion, presence of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN), hormonal status, and Ki67 were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Histological and biological factors in ILC, with the exception of E-cadherin expression, do not seem to play a significant role in radiology/histology discordance. However, larger studies are needed to further corroborate these findings.
Short-Term Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Spondyloarthritis Patients Induces Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury: Biomarkers Study
Authors: Shukla Anuj , Rai Mohit Kumar , Prasad Narayan , Agarwal Vikas
Published: February 2017

Background: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage is associated with kidney injury. Rise in serum creatinine (sCr) often represents irreversible process. Thus to assess the early effects of regular NSAID use, we studied sensitive serum and urine biomarkers of kidney injury. Methods: In a protocol-based intervention study, 103 subjects were enrolled in 3 mutually exclusive groups. Group 1 included 37 healthy controls having minimal baseline NSAID exposure as per a definition, and group 2 had 41 spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients on regular NSAID therapy for >3 months. Group 3 included 25 SpA patients having minimal NSAID exposure at baseline. Blood and urine samples were collected from all the 3 groups at baseline. Furthermore, group 3 was started on 6-week regular NSAID therapy, and blood and urine samples were re-collected at 1, 6, and 12 weeks. Baseline normal kidney function as per the definition was ensured in all the subjects. Creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), cystatin-C, and microalbumin were measured in urine and serum samples to assess kidney injury. Results: Kidney injury biomarkers were 2-3-fold higher in SpA patients using regular NSAID therapy compared to healthy controls and SpA patients having minimal NSAID exposure (uKIM-1 and uNGAL p < 0.0001, sKIM-1 and sNGAL p = 0.001). There was no difference in sCr and estimated glomerular filtration rate using Cockcroft-Gault equation between the groups. In SpA patients started on 6 weeks of regular NSAID (group 3), biomarker levels started rising at week 1 and showed a significant rise at week 6. The levels in the patients that stopped NSAID use at 6 weeks showed reversibility at 12 weeks. Conclusions: Regular NSAID use in SpA patients induces subclinical kidney injury represented by rise in biomarkers. These levels start rising as early as 7 days of regular NSAID use and are reversible on stopping the drug.
Intravitreal Aflibercept in Recalcitrant Radiation Maculopathy due to External Beam Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A First Case Report
Authors: Loukianou Eleni , Loukianou Georgia
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To present the safety and efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea) in a patient with radiation maculopathy secondary to external beam radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer unresponsive to other therapeutic options. Methods: A 73-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes 18 months after completing 47 external beam cycles of radiation for nasopharyngeal cancer. On presentation, her best corrected visual acuity was 6/60 in the right eye and counting fingers from 1 meter in the left eye. She received 5 bevacizumab injections in the right eye and 7 bevacizumab injections in the left eye over the last year without any improvement. A treatment with intravitreal injections of aflibercept was recommended in both eyes. Results: The patient received 3 intravitreal aflibercept injections (2 mg/0.05 mL) in each eye every 4 weeks. The visual acuity improved from 6/60 to 6/12 in the right eye and from counting fingers to 6/36 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy showed less exudates, hemorrhages, and microaneurysms. Optical coherence tomography revealed reduced central retinal thickness in both eyes after 1–3 intravitreal aflibercept injections. Conclusion: Intravitreal aflibercept should be regarded a safe and effective treatment in patients with recalcitrant macular edema due to radiation maculopathy.
Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) rs868014 Polymorphism Regulated by miR-1203 Associates with Risk and Short Term Outcome of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: He Wei , Lu Minzhi , Li Guoqing , Sun Zhigang , Liu Dinghua , Gu Lujun
Published: February 2017

Background/Aims: Genetic polymorphisms of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were associated with ischemic stroke risk. This study analyzed MTHFR polymorphisms at the 3'-untranslated region for association with risk and outcome of ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Methods: 500 patients and 600 healthy volunteers were enrolled for MTHFR rs868014 genotyping identified bioinformatically. The binding of miR-1203 to MTHFR rs868014 was determined by luciferase assay, MTHFR expression was assessed using qRT-PCR, and plasma homocysteine levels were assayed by ELISA. Results: Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension (all P <0.001), low levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-C (P = 0.01), and high levels of serum low-density lipoprotein-C (P = 0.005) were associated with an increased risk of developing ischemic stroke. BMI and total serum cholesterol concentration was not associated with ischemic stroke. MTHFR rs868014 TC and CC genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke compared with the TT genotype (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01-3.39 for TC genotype, while OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.29-3.88 for CC genotype). Furthermore, the MTHFR rs868014 SNP was associated with a poor short-term ischemic stroke outcome. qRT-PCR confirmed that MTHFR rs868014 TC or CC genotypes could facilitate miR-1203 binding leading to low MTHFR levels in cells. In addition, patients carrying the MTHFR rs868014 TC or CC genotypes were associated with accumulation of serum tHcy and a poor ischemic stroke outcome. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that the newly identified SNP rs868014 was strongly linked with the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the MTHFR rs868014 SNP is associated with increased risk in developing ischemic stroke, miR-1203 binding, low MTHFR levels in cells, and poor shot term outcome of patients.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF GUMS IN PATIETS WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Authors: Hasiuk N. V.
Published: February 2017

Background. The results of a comprehensive study of cytological features of epithelial differentiation processes in gums in patients with generalized periodontitis are presented in the article.Objective. The objects of clinical observations were patients with generalized periodontitis. The disease duration was 3-5 years.Methods. Material for the study was gums epithelium taken from a marginal area of gums in young adults, with generalized periodontitis. The epithelium was removed with a spatula, with subsequent transfer to a glass plate and drying in the open air for 3-5 minutes. The colouring of the material was done according to Romanovskyy-Himza, with a next microscopic and morphological analysis, taking into account the percentage of different forms of epithelial cells in normal and due to an age aspect.Results. One of cytological signs of periodontal pathology in young people is epithelial cells with signs of irritation. It should be noted that these cellular elements belong to the intermediate layer of cells that meet histological sections and ribbed surface layers are characterized by homogenization and vacuolization of cytoplasm as a manifestation of prolonged irritation by bacterial cell aggression.Conclusions. Analysis of cytograms proved general periodontitis in the examined patients, in absence of adequate therapy as automotive continuous process. Its components may regress under the influence of effective treatment and re-activate during exacerbation of the inflammatory process under the influence of pathogenic factors such as microbial, hygienic and immune.
EMBOSSED AUTODERMOTRANSPLANTS: THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION AND PRACTICAL USAGE
Authors: Koptiukh V. V. , Galaychuk I. Y.
Published: February 2017

Background. It is established that granulation wound has uneven bumpy surface and modern electric dermatomes cut skin with a smooth internal surface. Therefore there is no tightly contact between the smooth surface of a graft and granulation tissue.Objective. The method of harvesting by split-skin grafts with variable thickness (embossed) is proposed.Methods. An embossed skin graft with sinusoidal surface of inner side was obtained by modified dermatome with special technological plate. The embossed autografting of skin was applied in 16 patients (21-60 years old) with deep burns of 7-9% of body. For clinical comparison the part of granulating wounds in each patient was covered with embossed transplants and the other part with smooth split-thickness grafts.Results. During ultrasound Doppler examination of grafts on the fifth postop day the active blood flow in embossed transplants with 4-6 blood outbreaks and only 2-3 flashes in smooth graft were found. Clinically the embossed transplants were engraftment on 6-7th day. On 18-21st day the roughness of grafts surface disappeared. In two months the graft together with subcutaneous fatty tissue was taken in crease. Donor wound: on 14-15th day its surface was like “slate” but on 25-30th day the undulation of the re-epithelisation skin disappeared.Conclusions. The improvement of dermatome design with technological plate allows cutting scalloped split-skin grafts of varied thickness (embossed).Split-thickness embossed grafts combine anatomic and physiological features of skin cover granulation wound to adhere tightly because of the enlargement of area of their internal surface without retraction and/or secondary shrinkage.Donor wounds, after the harvesting of embossed skin grafts, contain the morphological elements of dermis which contribute to their complete spontaneous healing.
AGE RELATED OXIDATIVE PROCESSES AND ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION DYNAMICS OF RATS ARTER TOBACCO SMOKE AFFECTION
Authors: Lyhatskyy P. H. , Rytsyk O. B. , Fira L. S. , Yaremchuk O. Z.
Published: February 2017

Background. In an experiment on rats in the content of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of rats of different age groups after 45-day affection with tobacco smoke was studied.Objective. The study was aimed to investigate the rate of reactive oxygen species formation, especially the processes of lipid peroxidation and degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different age groups in terms of 45 day affection with tobacco smoke.Methods. The content of ROS was determined in blood neutrophils method gradient centrifugation, the activity of free radical processes in rats evaluated the content of TBA - active products (TBA - AP), the degree of endogenous intoxication - the content average molecular weight (AMW) of the two factions – MW1 (dominated by chain amino acids) and MW2 (dominated by aromatic amino acids). Blood, blood serum and liver of the experimental rats were used for the investigation. It was prepared 10% homogenate in saline from liver tissue.Results. We have noticed that the destruction of rats by tobacco smoke for 45 days caused the increase of ROS in blood content, which is the result of toxic effect on the body. The immature rats were the most sensitive to the affection, which ROS contents in neutrophils increased in 2.75 times till the end of the experiment, in the mature animals it was in 1.65 times higher than in the intacts, in the senile it was higher in 2.43 times than normal rate. It was found that the level of oxygen metabolites and TBA-active products increased during the experiment (on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of toxicity).Conclusions. The most pronounced changes were inherent for the immature rats. Accumulation of active toxic metabolites was conducted with endogenous intoxication intensifying that was proved by the high content of catabolism products in the body – middle mass molecules that are likely to grow in serum of rats of all age groups.
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT THE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Gadzhula N. H.
Published: February 2017

Background. The success of endodontic treatment is provided by a thorough instrumental and antiseptic treatment of infected root canals, and it depends on the composition of filling material, the degree of adhesion to dentin, hermetic obturation of apical foramen, solubility of sealer.Objective. The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of root canal obturation with BioRootTM RCS sealer in the treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis.Materials and methods. Endodontic treatment of 23 teeth in 20 patients with chronic apical periodontitis by method of lateral compaction of gutta-percha was carried out. In the main group root canals were obturated with BioRootTM RCS, in the control group the canals were filled with Apexit Plus. The percentage of efficient or non-efficient cases was evaluated on the basis of radiographic comparison of treated chronic apical periodontitis immediately after obturation, in three, six months and one year. Radiographic conditions were defined as existing state, improvement and worsening.Results. In a year of dynamic evaluation the final results were: in the main group – 54.55% of the patients had complete bone healing, in 27.27% of cases the focus of bone destruction was decreased by ½ or more of the initial sizes, 18.18% – resorption lesion was decreased by less than ½; in the control group – 33.33% of improvement, 25.0% of existing state and 41.66% of worsening.Conclusions. BioRootTM RCS using for root canals obturation in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis we proved the high effectiveness of the treatment undertaken: complete healing or improvement of radiographic conditions of periapical bone destruction with X-ray signs of bone regeneration.
Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Schuchardt Florian , Hennemuth Anja , Schroeder Laure , Meckel Stephan , Markl Michael , Wehrum Thomas , Harloff Andreas
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affects venous hemodynamics and can provoke severe stroke and chronic intracranial hypertension. We sought to comprehensively analyze 3-dimensional blood flow and hemodynamic alterations during acute CVT including collateral recruitment and at follow-up.

Methods—

Twenty-two consecutive patients with acute CVT were prospectively included and underwent routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4-dimensional flow MRI at 3 T for the in vivo assessment of cerebral blood flow. Neurological and MRI follow-up at 6 months was performed in 18 patients.

Results—

Three-dimensional blood flow visualization and quantification of large dural venous sinuses and deep cerebral veins was successfully performed in all patients. During acute CVT, we observed abnormal flow patterns including stagnant flow, flow acceleration in stenoses, and change of flow directions. In patients with complete recanalization, flow trajectories resembled those known from previously published 4-dimensional flow MRI data in healthy adults. There was a trend toward a relationship between occluded segments and cerebral lesions (not significant). Furthermore, patients with versus without cerebral lesions showed increased mean (0.08±0.09 versus 0.005±0.014 m/s) and peak velocities (0.18±0.21 versus 0.006±0.02 m/s) within partially thrombosed left and right transverse sinuses (
P
<0.05) at baseline.

Conclusions—

Four-dimensional flow MRI was successfully applied for the 3-dimensional visualization and quantification of venous hemodynamics in patients with CVT and provided new dynamic information regarding vessel recanalization. This technique seems promising to investigate the contribution of hemodynamic parameters and collaterals in a larger cohort to identify those at risk of stroke.
Evolving Network Model That Almost Regenerates Epileptic Data
Authors: Manjunath G.
Published: February 2017

In many realistic networks, the edges representing the interactions between nodes are time varying. Evidence is growing that the complex network that models the dynamics of the human brain has time-varying interconnections, that is, the network is evolving. Based on this evidence, we construct a patient- and data-specific evolving network model (comprising discrete-time dynamical systems) in which epileptic seizures or their terminations in the brain are also determined by the nature of the time-varying interconnections between the nodes. A novel and unique feature of our methodology is that the evolving network model remembers the data from which it was conceived from, in the sense that it evolves to almost regenerate the patient data even on presenting an arbitrary initial condition to it. We illustrate a potential utility of our methodology by constructing an evolving network from clinical data that aids in identifying an approximate seizure focus; nodes in such a theoretically determined seizure focus are outgoing hubs that apparently act as spreaders of seizures. We also point out the efficacy of removal of such spreaders in limiting seizures.
On the Dynamical Interplay of Positive and Negative Affects
Authors: Touboul Jonathan , Romagnoni Alberto , Schwartz Robert
Published: February 2017

Emotional disorders and psychological flourishing are the result of complex interactions between positive and negative affects that depend on external events and the subject’s internal representations. Based on psychological data, we mathematically model the dynamical balance between positive and negative affects as a function of the response to external positive and negative events. This modeling allows the investigation of the relative impact of two leading forms of therapy on affect balance. The model uses a delay differential equation to analytically study the bifurcation diagram of the system. We compare the results of the model to psychological data on a single, recurrently depressed patient who was administered the two types of therapies considered (coping focused versus affect focused). The model leads to the prediction that stabilization at a normal state may rely on evaluating one’s emotional state through a historical ongoing emotional state rather than in a narrow present window. The simple mathematical model proposed here offers a theoretical framework for investigating the temporal process of change and parameters of resilience to relapse.
Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, with three new species) and nemertines of Bermuda
Authors: JONES HUGH D. , STERRER WOLFGANG
Published: February 2017

Records of terrestrial planarians and nemertines found on Bermuda are summarized. Three new species of terrestrial planarian are described though they certainly originated elsewhere. These are Amaga expatria n. sp., Gigantea gouvernoni n. sp. (both Geoplanidae and originating from South or Central America) and Bipalium vagum n. sp. (Bipaliidae, probably originating from Asia). Records of other planarians (Bipalium kewense, Anisorhynchodemus sp., Dolichoplana striata and Rhynchodemus sylvaticus) as well as nemertines (Pantinonemertes agricola and Geonemertes pelaensis) are discussed with regard to origin, distribution and mode of dispersal.
Contributions to the knowledge of the "Staphylinus-complex" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 7. The genus Sphaerobulbus Smetana 2003. Section 2
Authors: SMETANA ALEŠ
Published: February 2017

This is the second paper dealing with the Chinese species of the genus Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003. Four species are described as new: S. rex (Shaanxi), S. pusio (Sichuan), S. businskorum (Sichuan) and S. bicolor (Sichuan). Notes concerning the taxonomy of S. bisinuatus Smetana, 2003 and S. abdominalis Smetana, 2003 are presented. New distributional records for S. bisinuatus, S. brezinai Smetana, 2003, S. yulongmontis and S. murzini Smetana, 2003 are given.
Myoglanis aspredinoides (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), a new catfish from the Río Ventuari, Venezuela
Authors: DONASCIMIENTO CARLOS , LUNDBERG JOHN G.
Published: February 2017

Myoglanis aspredinoides n. sp. is described from the Río Ventuari, upper Orinoco in Venezuela. The new species is distinguished from the other species of the genus by its elongated body with 56 to 57 vertebrae, long anal fin with 32 to 35 fin rays, lanceolate caudal fin and distally serrated anterior margin of pectoral spine.Se describe Myoglanis aspredinoides n. sp. proveniente del Río Ventuari, alto Orinoco en Venezuela. La nueva especie se diferencia de las otras especies del género por poseer un cuerpo alargado con 56 a 57 vértebras, aleta anal larga con 32 a 35 radios, aleta caudal lanceolada y margen anterior de la espina pectoral aserrado distalmente.
New species and records of Ulmeritoides (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Costa Rica
Authors: A. SOCORRO ÁVILA , FLOWERS R. WILLS
Published: February 2017

Ulmeritoides acosa new species (type locality: La Palma, Costa Rica) and Ulmeritoides chavarriae new species (type locality: Santa Elena, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described from imagos and nymphs. Both species occur along the west coast of Costa Rica, and both are adapted to living in temporary streams. Additional localities are given for Ulmeritoides guanacaste Domínguez and Ulmeritoides tifferae Domínguez, and a key is given for adults and nymphs of the four Costa Rican species of Ulmeritoides.
Generic definition, key, and two new species of Polyphrix Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from the Atlantic Forest
Authors: NOGUEIRA LIANA K. , AGUIAR ALEXANDRE P.
Published: February 2017

Two new species, Polyphrix atlantica sp. n. and P. cristata sp. n., are described from southeastern Brazil, representing the first records of the genus in the Atlantic Forest. Only one species was previously known, P. varians Townes, from northern Brazil; its occurrence in Peru is refuted. The definition of the genus Polyphrix Townes is revised and expanded. Illustrations and a key to species are provided.
A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species
Authors: POUPIN JOSEPH , DAVIE PETER J.F. , CEXUS JEAN CHRISTOPHE
Published: February 2017

The genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 is revised with particular attention to the five Southwest Pacific species: P. fakaravensis Rathbun, 1907, P. laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, P. minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, P. planifrons De Man, 1888, and P. plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858 is redescribed and a neotype is designated because of confusion of this species with P. transversus (Gibbes, 1850). Seven other species were examined: P. corrugatus (von Martens, 1872), P. crassipes Randall, 1840, P. gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), P. loveridgei Chace, 1966, P. marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), P. maurus (Lucas, 1846), and P. transversus (Gibbes, 1850). The type specimens of P. striatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, and P. laevis Borradaile, 1900, were re-examined and found to be junior synonyms of P. plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), and P. planifrons De Man, 1888, respectively. Pachygrapsus kraussii (Dana, 1852) is considered a junior synonym of P. plicatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837. Pachygrapsus polyodous Stebbing, 1921, is excluded from Pachygrapsus and provisionally placed in Euchirograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853. Pachygrapsus propinquus De Man, 1908, is probably a junior synonym of P. minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, but its status needs to be confirmed with the collection of new material from the type locality. Pachygrapsus now includes twelve species, thirteen if P. propinquus De Man, 1908, proves to be a separate species. A key to all thirteen species is given.
On the taxonomic status of the genus Horvathinia Montandon (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: SCHNACK JUAN A. , ESTÉVEZ ANA L.
Published: February 2017

Nine species of Horvathinia have been described since Montandon (1911) described H. pelocoroides, a description based upon two specimens. Subsequent descriptions, of H. argemii Schnack, H. bollei De Carlo, H. castilloi De Carlo, H. doellojuradoi De Carlo, H. forsteri Lauck, H. lenti De Carlo, H. meyeri De Carlo, H. pelleranoi De Carlo, and H. schubarti De Carlo, were based on only one specimen, each all captured while flying at lights. In February 1981, 55 specimens of Horvathinia were collected flying at light in Torres, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The morphological variation of these specimens is similar to that diagnostic species-level characters in describing Horvathinia species. Therefore, we consider that the southern South American genus Horvathinia is monotypic. However, as far as the type of H.lenti could not be examined, we therefore synonymize all species described after 1911 with H. pelocoroides, except for H. lenti. We also redescribe H. pelocoroides Montandon.
Three unusually divergent new genera of phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Costa Rica
Authors: KUNG GIAR-ANN , BROWN BRIAN V.
Published: February 2017

Three new genera and species, Laciniomyia dilata, Laishania angustithorax, and Tabelliphora teretipenna are described from female specimens collected in Costa Rica. All are classified in the subfamily Metopininae, amongst which they are among the most structurally unusual forms found in the New World.
An annotated catalog of types of Neotropical Pierinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Authors: ABADJIEV STANISLAV P.
Published: February 2017

A catalog of the type material of 59 taxa of Neotropical Pierinae housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, is presented. Each entry includes the species-group name, the original combination quoted from the original publication, the type locality, the type specimens with their labels, and notes about current taxonomic status. One new synonym has been established, Euterpe dysoni Doubleday, 1847 = Leodonta marginata Schaus, 1902. Lectotypes are designated for 5 species group taxa: Archonias intermedia Schaus, 1913, Hesperocharis jaliscana Schaus, 1898, H. paranensis Schaus, 1898, Pieris sublineata Schaus, 1902, and P. limona Schaus, 1913.
Remarks on some Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) from New Zealand with the description of two new species
Authors: PILATO GIOVANNI , BINDA MARIA GRAZIA , LISI OSCAR
Published: February 2017

Some specifications are provided about nine species of Echiniscidae from New Zealand including descriptions of two new species: Echiniscus arthuri sp. nov. and Echiniscus elaeinae sp. nov. Echiniscus arthuri sp. nov. has plate sculpture of the merokensis type but is different in some details from the sculpture of this species. Also present are lateral filaments A, spines C and D, and filaments E and dorsal filaments C d and spines D d . Echiniscus elaeinae sp. nov. has uniform plate sculpture consisting of circular dimples; lateral filaments A, long lateral spines C, D, E and dorsal spines C d and D d are present. It differs from E. jamesi Claxton, 1996 in having a simple, not double, plate sculpture, in the presence of dorsal spines C d and D d and in the lateral appendages appearing as spines (in E. jamesi they are filaments up to 100 µm long).
Dicranodromia danielae, a new species of homolodromiid crab from the Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: NG PETER K.L. , MCLAY COLIN L.
Published: February 2017

A new species of homolodromiid crab, Dicranodromia danielae n. sp., is reported from Balicasag Island, Panglao, Philippines. The new species is allied to D. doederleini Ortmann, 1892, This brings to two the number species known from the Philippines including D. martini Guinot, 1995, described from Cagayan and off Mindanao islands. Most species of Dicranodromia are found deeper than 400 m, but the new species was collected from 200 to 300 m.
Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from interstitial waters of Iran, with the description of one new species
Authors: PESIC VLADIMIR , SABOORI ALIREZA , ASADI MAHDIEH , VAFAEI REZA
Published: February 2017

New records of water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from interstitial waters of Iran are presented. Fourteen species are recorded, of which six are new for the studied area. Kongsbergia persica sp. nov. is described; the zoogeographical and ecological significance of these new records is discussed.
Mygalomorph spiders from southwestern Oregon, USA, with descriptions of four new species
Authors: COKENDOLPHER JAMES C. , PECK ROBERT W. , NIWA CHRISTINE G.
Published: February 2017

Extensive pitfall trapping in the Siskiyou and southern Cascade Mountains in southwestern Oregon, USA, revealed the presence of four new species of Antrodiaetus spiders (Antrodiaetidae) as well as numerous examples of the rarely reported Hexura rothi (Mecicobothriidae). The new species are: Antrodiaetus ashlandensis, A. coylei, A. effeminatus, and A. metapacificus. Additional records were also obtained for Antrodiaetus pugnax and Atypoides gertschi (Antrodiaetidae). Distributional data are provided for each species. The four new species are described and illustrated and a taxonomic key to all mygalomorph spiders from southwestern Oregon is provided. Further, each of the previously described Antrodiaetus spp. from the region is diagnosed. The morphology of the male genital plate is proposed as a potentially useful taxonomic character.
A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associated with Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae)
Authors: MAIA VALÉRIA CID , FERNANDES G. WILSON
Published: February 2017

Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, a new genus and species of Cecidomyiidae that induces galls on leaves, leaf buds, and inflorescences of Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae), is described (larva, pupa, male, and female) based on material from Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Revalidation and redescription of Pterocryptis anomala (Herre, 1933), a catfish (Teleostei: Siluridae) from southern China
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , CHAN BOSCO P.-L.
Published: February 2017

Pterocryptis anomala (Herre, 1933) is resurrected from synonymy with P. cochinchinensis (Valenciennes, 1839) and redescribed in this study. This species of catfish from southern China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region can be distinguished from congeners by the unique combination of the following characters: length of dorsal fin 7.9–10.1% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 7.2–9.7% SL, head length 16.6–20.7% SL, eye diameter 9.2–13.7% SL, dorsal-fin rays 3– 4, anal-fin rays 59–69, principal caudal rays 14–16, small conical genital papilla in both sexes, anal and caudal fins separated by a deep notch, narrow cheeks, circular eye and weakly contrasting mottled coloration. Characters for diagnosing Pterocryptis species are identified and discussed.
Immature stages of Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson, 1877) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini), with notes on rearing detritivorous hairstreaks on artificial diet
Authors: DUARTE MARCELO , ROBBINS ROBERT K. , MIELKE OLAF H.H.
Published: February 2017

Details of egg, larval, and pupal morphology are described and illustrated for Calycopis caulonia (Hewitson). In particular, larval chaetotaxy is documented for the first time in Calycopis. Lab methods for inducing wild-caught Calycopis females to lay eggs and for rearing larvae on artificial diet are reported. These methods may be useful in several ways in resolving the basic taxonomy of Calycopis. Evidence concerning detritivory and myrmecophily in C. caulonia is discussed.