bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a high‐quality simulator with exchangeable peritoneum for transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Shibuya Ayako , Isobe Yoh , Nishihara Yuichi , Matsumoto Sumio , Nagayasu Takeshi , Matsumoto Keitaro
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Practical simulation training with proper haptic feedback and the fragility of the human body is required to overcome the long learning curve associated with laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR). However, few hernia models accurately reflect the texture and fragility of the human body. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel model for transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) LIHR training and evaluated its validity.

Methods

We developed a high‐quality mock peritoneum with a hydrated polyvinyl alcohol layer and a unique two‐way crossing cellulose fiber layer. To complete the simulation, the peritoneum was adhered to a urethane foam inguinal base with surgical landmarks. Participants could perform all the procedures required for the TAPP LIHR. Twenty‐four surgeons performed TAPP LIHR simulation using a novel simulator. Their opinions were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale. Additionally, 6 surgical residents and 10 surgical experts performed the procedure. Their performance was evaluated using the TAPP checklist score and procedure time.

Results

Most participants strongly agreed that the TAPP LIHR simulator with an exchangeable peritoneum model was useful. The participants agreed on the model fidelity for tactile sensation, forceps handling, and humanlike anatomy. In comparisons between surgical residents and experts, the experts had significantly higher scores (10.6 vs. 17.2, p < 0.05) and shorter procedure times (92.3 vs. 55.9 min; p < .05) than did surgical residents.

Conclusions

We developed a high‐quality exchangeable peritoneal model that mimics the human peritoneum's texture and fragility. This model enhances laparoscopic simulation training, potentially shortening TAPP LIHR learning curves.
Emergency myelopoiesis in solid cancers
Authors: Aliazis Konstantinos , Yenyuwadee Sasitorn , Phikulsod Ployploen , Boussiotis Vassiliki A.
Published: July 2024

Cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems are the progeny of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). During steady‐state myelopoiesis, HSPC undergo differentiation and proliferation but are called to respond directly and acutely to various signals that lead to emergency myelopoiesis, including bone marrow ablation, infections, and sterile inflammation. There is extensive evidence that many solid tumours have the potential to secrete classical myelopoiesis‐promoting growth factors and other products able to mimic emergency haematopoiesis, and to aberrantly re‐direct myeloid cell development into immunosuppressive cells with tumour promoting properties. Here, we summarize the current literature regarding the effects of solid cancers on HSPCs function and discuss how these effects might shape antitumour responses via a mechanism initiated at a site distal from the tumour microenvironment.
Pseudoephedrine for ejaculatory dysfunction after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer
Authors: Conduit Ciara , Lewin Jeremy , Hong Wei , Sim Ie‐Wen , Ahmad Gulfam , Leonard Matt , O'Haire Sophie , Moody Mary , Hutchinson Amanda D. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Thomas Benjamin , Dhillon Haryana M. , Tran Ben
Published: July 2024

Objective

To assess the impact of ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD; failure of emission or retrograde ejaculation) on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular cancer and explore the efficacy of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride as treatment.

Patients and Methods

In a single arm, phase II trial, patients at ≥6 months after RPLND were invited to complete patient‐reported outcome measures (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] quality of life questionnaire [QLQ]‐30‐item core, EORTC QLQ‐testicular cancer‐26, and Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory) evaluating HRQoL and sexual function in follow‐up (ACTRN12622000537752/12622000542796). If EjD was reported, post‐ejaculatory urine ± semen analysis was undertaken. In eligible patients, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 60 mg was administered orally every 6 h for six doses. The primary endpoint was sperm count >39 million sperm/ejaculate (>5th centile) following treatment. The trial was powered to detect a clinically relevant 36% achieving sperm count of >39 million sperm/ejaculate. Secondary endpoints included semen volume >1.5 mL, total motile sperm count, safety, and HRQoL impacts.

Results

Of the 58 patients enrolled, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 35 (29–41) years, with a median (IQR) of 37 (18–60) months from RPLND. EjD was reported in 33 (57%), including 27/52 (52%) receiving follow‐up at our centre. There were no differences in global HRQoL; however, role functioning (P = 0.045), sexual problems (P < 0.005), and sexual enjoyment (P = 0.005) was poorer if EjD was present. In all, 24/33 (73%) patients with EjD consented to pseudoephedrine treatment. Of 22 evaluable patients, four (18%) achieved a sperm count of >39 million/ejaculate (P = 0.20), and four (18%) had a semen volume of >1.5 mL (P = 0.20). There was a mean increase of 105 million sperm/ejaculate (P = 0.051) and 1.47 mL increase in semen volume (P = 0.01). No safety concerns arose.

Conclusion

Ejaculatory dysfunction is common after RPLND but did not impact global HRQoL in our cohort. Pseudoephedrine improved EjD for some; however, its efficacy was lower than expected. Pseudoephedrine may be considered on an individualised basis.
Foxq1 activates CB2R with oleamide to alleviate POCD
Authors: Wu Xiaoying , Wu Yuming , Tang Fudong , Wang Yangyang , Li Chenxi , Wu Su , Wang Guangzhi , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: July 2024

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a major concern, particularly among older adults. This study used social isolation (ISO) and multiomics analyses in aged mice to investigate potential mechanisms underlying POCD development. Aged mice were divided into two groups: ISO and paired housing (PH). Oleamide and the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) antagonist AM630 were administered intraperitoneally, while Foxq1 adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector was injected directly into the hippocampus. Intramedullary tibial surgeries were subsequently performed to establish the POCD models. Behavioral tests comprising the Y‐maze, open field test, and novel object recognition were conducted 2 days after surgery. Hippocampal and serum inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Following surgery, ISO mice demonstrated intensified cognitive impairments and escalated inflammatory markers. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed elevated oleamide concentrations in the hippocampus and serum of PH mice, with associative investigations indicating a close relationship between the Foxq1 gene and oleamide levels. While oleamide administration and Foxq1 gene overexpression substantially ameliorated postoperative cognitive performance and systemic inflammation in mice, CB2R antagonist AM630 impeded these enhancements. The Foxq1 gene and oleamide may be crucial in alleviating POCD. While potentially acting through CB2R‐mediated pathways, these factors may modulate neuroinflammation and attenuate proinflammatory cytokine levels within the hippocampus, substantially improving cognitive performance postsurgery. This study lays the groundwork for future research into therapeutic approaches targeting the Foxq1‐oleamide‐CB2R axis, with the ultimate goal of preventing or mitigating POCD.
New insights into the structure of the Yinggehai Basin and its tectonic implications, South China Sea: Evidence from scaled physical models
Authors: Yang Gengxiong , Yin Hongwei , Jia Dong , Wang Hongbin , Wang Wei , Xu Wenqiao
Published: July 2024

The Yinggehai Basin is situated at the junction of Indochina and the northern South China Sea (SCS). The origin of the Yinggehai Basin is generally believed to be controlled by the rotation of the Indochina block along the Red River shear zone (RRSZ), which was formed by the collision of India with Asia during the Oligocene. However, the Eocene structural mechanisms of this basin remain debatable. Some studies suggest that the Eocene reactivation of the palaeo‐suture zone (which serves as a precursor to the RRSZ) has influenced the region. In contrast, others propose that the NNW–SSE extension of the northern SCS caused by the subduction of the palaeo‐SCS towards Borneo in the Eocene has played a significant role. To address these controversies, our study takes into account these two crucial factors using physical analogue modelling. The experimental results, including slow sinistral strike‐slip along the palaeo‐suture zone and the adjacent NNW–SSE extension, successfully explain the observed fault pattern during the Eocene period. It is noteworthy that the former primarily controlled the Eocene structure in the northern region of the Yinggehai Basin, whereas the latter played a pivotal role in shaping the ENE–WSW Eocene structures on the eastern slope of the basin. The westward propagating faults of the Qiongdongnan basin are cut off by the Yinggehai Basin structures at later large‐scale rotation stage. The experiment indicates that the basin evolution exhibits diachronous characteristics, with subsidence in the south occurring later than in the north. Our modelling results provide valuable insights into the key controlling factors that shaped the evolution of the basin during each stage. Furthermore, our findings offer evidence of the interaction between two significant tectonic processes: Indochina extrusion and the opening of the SCS.
Premeiotic deletion of Eif2s2 causes oocyte arrest at the early diplotene stage and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Li Biao , Wang Zhijuan , Liu Shuang , Wang Weiyong , He Sihui , Chen Ye , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhang Meijia
Published: July 2024

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 (EIF2S2), a subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein EIF2, is involved in the initiation of translation. Our findings demonstrate that the depletion of Eif2s2 in premeiotic germ cells causes oocyte arrest at the pachytene and early diplotene stages at 1 day postpartum (dpp) and 5 dpp, respectively, and eventually leads to oocyte apoptosis and failure of primordial follicle formation. Further studies reveal that Eif2s2 deletion downregulates homologous recombination‐related and mitochondrial fission‐related protein levels, and upregulates the integrated stress response‐related proteins and mRNA levels. Consistently, Eif2s2 deletion significantly decreases the expression of dictyate genes and compromises mitochondrial function, characterized by elongated shapes, decreased ATP levels and mtDNA copy number, along with an excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide. Furthermore, DNA damage response and proapoptotic protein levels increase, while anti‐apoptotic protein levels decrease in Eif2s2‐deleted mice. An increase in oocytes with positive cleaved‐Caspase‐3 and TUNEL signals, alongside reduced Lamin B1 intensity, further indicates oocyte apoptosis. Collectively, Eif2s2 deletion in premeiotic germ cells causes oocyte meiotic arrest at the early diplotene stage by impairing homologous recombination, and eventually leads to oocyte apoptosis mainly through the downregulation of mitochondrial fission‐related proteins, ROS accumulation and subsequent DNA damage.
Nuclear receptor Rev‐erbα alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by recruiting NCoR–HDAC3 co‐repressor and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Zhou Qingshuang , Pu Xiaojiang , Qian Zhuang , Chen Haojie , Wang Nannan , Wang Sinian , Feng Zhenhua , Zhu Zezhang , Wang Bin , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu
Published: July 2024

Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are rhythmic tissues that experience daily low‐load recovery. Notably, aging and abnormal mechanical stress predispose IVDs to degeneration due to dysrhythmia‐induced disordered metabolism. Meanwhile, Rev‐erbα acts as a transcriptional repressor in maintaining biorhythms and homeostasis; however, its function in IVD homeostasis and degeneration remains unclear. This study assessed the relationship between low Rev‐erbα expression levels and IVD degeneration. Rev‐erbα deficiency accelerated needle puncture or aging‐induced IVD degeneration, characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, Rev‐erbα knockdown in NP cells aggravated rhIL1β‐induced NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, exacerbating the imbalanced ECM and NP cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation mitigated Rev‐erbα deficiency and needle puncture‐induced IVD degeneration. Particularly, Rev‐erbα mediated the transcriptional repression of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the ligand heme‐binding of nuclear receptor co‐repressor (NCoR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) complex. Thus, the increased expression of Rev‐erbα in NP cells following short‐term rhIL1β treatment failed to inhibit NLRP3 transcription in vitro owing to heme depletion. Pharmacological activation of Rev‐erbα in vivo and in vitro alleviated IVD degeneration by altering the NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, targeting Rev‐erbα may be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating IVD degeneration and its related diseases.
A Digital Approach to Improve Infection Screening Among Solid Organ Transplant Candidates
Authors: Righi Elda , Visentin Alessandro , Mirandola Massimo , Rigo Costanza , Cutone Carmine , Rocchi Matilde , Bonato Lucia , Armellini Maddalena , Caletti Chiara , Onorati Francesco , Biagio Livio San , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Mazzeo Gina , Merighi Mara , Vantini Gianluca , Borin Alex , Boschiero Luigino , Carraro Amedeo , Tacconelli Evelina
Published: July 2024

Background

Pretransplant infection screening (IS) of potential organ recipients is essential to optimal outcome of solid organ transplantation (SOT).

Methods

A pre‐post study was performed during 2020–2023 to investigate the impact of the STREAM (Solid organ TRansplant stEwArdship and Multidisciplinary approach) intervention to improve IS in SOT. The intervention, performed in 2022, included the implementation of IS through educational meetings, local guidelines, and the availability of a digital screening tool. The objective of the study was the assessment of IS completion, including a list of 17 laboratory tests and the investigation of vaccination status. The reduction of unnecessary tests was also analyzed. The test of proportions and a multilevel multivariate Poisson regression model were used to compare IS completion before and after STREAM. infectious diseases (ID) consultation and urgent evaluation were investigated as predictors of IS completion.

Results

A total of 171 patients were enrolled, including liver (44%), heart (32%), and kidney (24%) transplant candidates. Mean age was 56 ± 11 years, and most patients (77%) were males. Ninety‐five (56%) patients were included before the intervention and 76 (44%) after STREAM. IS completion increased after STREAM (IRR 1.41, p < 0.001) with significant improvement recorded for seven (39%) IS items. Unnecessary tests decreased by 43% after the intervention. ID consultation (IRR 1.13, p = 0.02) and urgent evaluation (IRR 0.68, p 〈0.001) were predictors of IS improvement.

Conclusions

STREAM was successful in improving IS completion. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of this intervention on posttransplant infections.
Insulin icodec: A novel once‐weekly treatment for diabetes
Authors: Schaffner Hannah , Wiener Jordyn , DeLuca Amanda , Genovese Ariana , Deeb Alexander , Deeb Wasim , Sheikh‐Ali Mae , Sutton David , Gore Ashwini , Berner Jason , Huston Jessica , Goldfaden Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Aims

To summarize the results of clinical studies of insulin icodec, an investigational insulin analog designed for once‐weekly administration, in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Thirteen published articles describing clinical studies of insulin icodec were identified in PubMed, and data pertinent to key study outcomes were selected for inclusion in this review.

Results

In insulin‐naïve and insulin‐treated individuals, icodec demonstrated efficacy in glycaemic control superior or noninferior to that of insulins glargine U100, glargine U300 and degludec. Icodec exhibited a safety profile comparable to marketed insulins, with the exception of hypoglycaemic event rates.

Conclusions

As a once‐weekly alternative to daily basal insulin, icodec is expected to improve patient adherence and satisfaction, reducing the required number of injections per year from 365 to 52 and providing a dosing option potentially attractive to a wide range of insulin users. However, clinical data suggest a notable risk of hypoglycaemia with weekly icodec administration, especially in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Medication adherence to sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors versus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Johnson Conner E. , Sussman Whitney B. , Weeda Erin R.
Published: July 2024

Aim

To perform a meta‐analysis comparing real‐world medication adherence to sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) versus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs).

Materials and Methods

A systematic search of Medline and Embase was conducted through October 2023. To meet inclusion criteria, articles had to be published in full text form and directly compare medication adherence to SGLT2is versus GLP‐1RAs in adults. Only studies evaluating real‐world data and utilizing the proportion of days covered (PDC) to measure adherence were included. Non‐adherence, defined as the proportion of patients with a PDC <80%, was the primary outcome. A subgroup analysis evaluating results among studies conducted in the United States was performed.

Results

We identified eight studies evaluating 205 103 patients for inclusion. The most common country from which the data was derived was the United States (n = 5 studies). Upon meta‐analysis, we observed no difference in non‐adherence (i.e. PDC <80%) to SGLT2is versus GLP‐1RAs (relative risk = 0.86; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–1.02). In the analysis, including only US studies, SGLT2i use was associated with a 23% lower risk of non‐adherence compared with GLP‐1RA use (relative risk = 0.77; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.82).

Conclusions

In this meta‐analysis of eight studies that included approximately 200 000 patients, there was no difference in adherence to SGLT2is versus GLP‐1RAs. However, SGLT2i use was associated with higher adherence when the analysis was limited to US studies.
Chemerin in caudal division of nucleus tractus solitarius increases sympathetic activity and blood pressure
Authors: Hao Wen‐Yuan , Wang Jing‐Xiao , Xu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Jun‐Liu , Chen Qi , Li Yue‐Hua , Zhu Guo‐Qing , Chen Ai‐Dong
Published: July 2024

Chemerin is an adipokine that contributes to metabolism regulation. Nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is the first relay station in the brain for accepting various visceral afferent activities for regulating cardiovascular activity. However, the roles of chemerin in the NTS in regulating sympathetic activity and blood pressure are almost unknown. This study aimed to determine the role and potential mechanism of chemerin in the NTS in modulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Bilateral NTS microinjections were performed in anaesthetized adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. Chemerin and its receptor chemokine‐like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) were highly expressed in caudal NTS (cNTS). Microinjection of chemerin‐9 to the cNTS increased RSNA, MAP and HR, which were prevented by CMKLR1 antagonist α‐NETA, superoxide scavenger tempol or N‐acetyl cysteine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin. Chemerin‐9 increased superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the cNTS. The increased superoxide production induced by chemerin‐9 was inhibited by α‐NETA. The effects of cNTS microinjection of chemerin‐9 on the RSNA, MAP and HR were attenuated by the pretreatment with paraventricular nucleus (PVN) microinjection of NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 rather than AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX. These results indicate that chemerin‐9 in the NTS increases sympathetic outflow, blood pressure and HR via CMKLR1‐mediated NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent superoxide production in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Glutamatergic inputs in the PVN are needed for the chemerin‐9‐induced responses.
Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia to sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy: A critical review
Authors: Fotedar Neel , Lüders Hans O.
Published: July 2024

Sleep‐related paroxysmal motor episodes (SPMEs) have been described by various names, including nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), and sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. The underlying pathophysiology has been debated over the years, with these episodes assumed to be a form of paroxysmal dystonia or parasomnia versus a form of epilepsy. In most studies published on SPMEs and their variants (paroxysmal arousals, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, and episodic nocturnal wanderings) in the early 1990s, the authors speculated on the pathophysiology but did not commit to one idea. It was not until the mid‐1990s that epilepsy became the leading prospect. We performed a narrative review of the major articles that have described this syndrome in a chronological fashion. We identified three eras, 1972–1993, 1994–1998, and 1999 to the present, each era marked by a landmark study. Our critical review of these early studies shows that the neurophysiological data supporting epilepsy as the sole basis for all SPME cases is very weak. In 1994–1995, a familial pattern of this syndrome was described and the term autosomal dominant NFLE was coined, with the authors claiming that all their patients had a form of frontal lobe epilepsy. With the exception of a few reference cases, the neurophysiological evidence that all patients had frontal lobe epilepsy was very weak. Compared to articles published on surgical series of frontal lobe epilepsy, the percentage of SPME cases with positive interictal/ictal electroencephalograms remained very low, seriously questioning the epileptic basis of the syndrome. Our critical review and analysis of the published literature shows that the evidence presented in favor of SPMEs being a homogenous focal epilepsy syndrome is very weak. Neurologists must recognize that SPMEs could be a form of movement disorder, parasomnia, or epilepsy. We recommend a pragmatic semiology‐based classification of these episodes using the four‐dimensional classification system.
How the content of digital complaints shapes bureaucratic responsiveness in Mumbai
Authors: Kumar Tanu
Published: July 2024

When do unelected officials respond to citizen complaints, and what are the implications for service delivery? In the formal complaint system for Mumbai's water sector, bureaucrats addressed 44% of the roughly 20,000 complaints lodged from 2016 to 2018. In line with literature on distributive politics, responsiveness to marginalized citizens is lower. Yet in interviews, officials emphasize that programmatic goals and capacity constraints lead to prioritization by what the complaint is about. In fact, once controlling for complaint content, the relationship between complainant identity and responsiveness disappears. Initial patterns of differential responsiveness by complainant identity arise from the fact that citizens from marginalized groups experience lower levels of service provision, which leads them to make complaints that are more difficult to address. The paper sheds light on the role of bureaucracy in e‐governance and service delivery, showing administrative priorities in responding to complaints may perpetuate inequalities in service provision.
Hydroxychloroquine attenuates double‐stranded RNA‐stimulated hyper‐phosphorylation of tristetraprolin/ZFP36 and AU‐rich mRNA stabilization
Authors: Hitti Edward G. , Muazzen Zeyad , Moghrabi Walid , Al‐Yahya Suhad , Khabar Khalid S. A.
Published: July 2024

The human innate immune system recognizes dsRNA as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern that induces a potent inflammatory response. The primary source of pathogenic dsRNA is cells infected with replicating viruses, but can also be released from uninfected necrotic cells. Here, we show that the dsRNA poly(I:C) challenge in human macrophages activates the p38 MAPK‐MK2 signalling pathway and subsequently the phosphorylation of tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36). The latter is an mRNA decay‐promoting protein that controls the stability of AU‐rich mRNAs (AREs) that code for many inflammatory mediators. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common anti‐malaria drug, is used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and, controversially, during acute COVID‐19 disease. We found that HCQ reduced the dsRNA‐dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its downstream kinase MK2. Subsequently, HCQ reduced the abundance and protein stability of the inactive (phosphorylated) form of TTP. HCQ reduced the levels and the mRNA stability of poly (I:C)‐induced cytokines and inflammatory mRNAs like TNF, IL‐6, COX‐2, and IL‐8 in THP‐1 and primary blood monocytes. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism of the anti‐inflammatory role of HCQ at post‐transcriptional level (TTP phosphorylation) in a model of dsRNA activation, which usually occurs in viral infections or RNA release from necrotic tissue.
Oral Health Care Among Women in Perimenopause or Menopause: An Integrative Review
Authors: Thomas Namitha , Peters Kath , Reilly Kate O’ , Sousa Mariana S. , George Ajesh
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Women in menopause are at a higher risk of developing oral health problems, affecting their overall quality of life. Several studies have identified the role of health care providers in addressing women's oral health needs across various phases of their lives, yet a review in the area of perimenopause and menopause has not been undertaken. Therefore, the aim of this review was to explore current evidence regarding the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women in perimenopause or menopause and their health care providers. Additionally, guidelines and recommendations to inform strategies for oral health promotion are included.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out across 5 databases. Inclusion criteria included articles published in English that examined at least one study outcome: oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices of either women in perimenopause or menopause or of health care providers or guidelines around oral health care. Qualitative, quantitative, mixed‐methods, and experimental studies with survey components were included with no restrictions on publication period, quality, or setting.

Results

A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria, with a majority being of poor quality and mostly from low‐income and middle‐income countries. Overall findings indicated that there was a lack of knowledge and limited practices in maintaining oral hygiene and visiting the dentist among women in perimenopause or menopause. Health care providers exhibited poor attitudes in advising the importance of periodic dental check‐ups and informing oral health changes during this period. There were also insufficient guidelines to adopt care for women and guide health care providers in their practice.

Discussion

Women in perimenopause or menopause have limited oral health knowledge and unmet oral health needs. Appropriate guidelines and supportive strategies are required to assist health care providers in providing comprehensive care and encouragement to women in perimenopause or menopause to improve their oral health.
Quantitative Assessment of Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) Fish Population in Kaptai Lake: A Length‐Based Approach
Authors: Mia Abdur Rahim , Sarker Mitu Ranjan , Alam Mohammed Shahidul
Published: July 2024

The Ailia coila, a small indigenous freshwater fish species in Kaptai Lake, plays a crucial role in providing employment, food, and financial security for the local people. With a high market demand, the average production of this species over the last 5 years reached about 112.27 metric tons. However, there has been a notable decline in Ailia coila fish production in Kaptai Lake in recent years. Therefore, to understand the current stock status of this species, this study employed a length‐based stock assessment method the “length‐based spawning potential ratio (LB‐SPR)”. Between August 2022 and March 2023, a total of 1219 individuals were collected through fortnightly sampling from two fish landing centers (BFDC fishery ghat and Kaptai boat ghat) and two local markets (Banarupa Bazar and Reserve Bazar). The maximum length of Ailia coila was recorded at 15.7 cm in total length, with an average length of 11.1 (±4) cm. The length‐weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.01084 L2.599 (R2 = 0.75). The value of shape parameter ‘b’ is smaller than three which indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and length at first maturity (L50%) were found to be 16.84 and 10.54 cm, respectively. The LB‐SPR revealed that the fishery is currently experiencing overfishing, with the spawning biomass (SPR = 32%) below the target reference point. The mean estimate of fishing mortality relative to natural mortality (F/M) was 3.07, more than three times the threshold F/M = 1, indicating extreme fishing mortality in this fishery. The estimated length at first capture (SL50%) was significantly higher than the length at first maturity (L50%), suggesting that the fishing is predominantly targeting mature fishes. To enhance the spawning biomass and ensure the sustainability of the fishery, it is imperative to reduce the current fishing pressure and implement appropriate management measures.
Use of lure sticks for non‐invasive genetic sampling of European wildcat populations: lessons learnt and hints for future insights
Authors: Sforzi Andrea , Viviani Laura
Published: July 2024

Non‐invasive genetic sampling is an increasingly common approach in wildlife research. It allows the gathering of first‐hand data on wild mammalian populations without capturing or handling individuals. For this reason, it has proved to be particularly useful when applied to elusive species living at low population densities and/or hard to identify in the field.

The European wildcat represents an interesting case study in this respect.

Several papers have been produced in the last decades, in which non‐invasive genetic sampling has been applied. Nevertheless, evidence from different case studies presents a complex scenario, where the efficiency of the method can vary considerably.

This paper aimed to analyse possible interpretations of such differences and to identify potential drivers and barriers. 20 papers on the subject have been reviewed and compared, although differences in several details reported in the examined papers limited an in‐depth comparison.

The review showed that the overlap of the study period with the reproductive season does not affect the final results of lure stick hair sampling research on the European wildcat. Moreover, valerian lure sticks generally provided positive results in the Continental ecoregion, whereas, in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions, outcomes were absent or very scarce.

Most of the other working hypotheses remain still plausible, despite not yet being definitely provable. Setting up future wildcat monitoring schemes based on effective non‐invasive genetic sampling in different biogeographical regions of Europe is certainly a scope to be pursued.

Some suggestions are provided in this respect (e.g. the set of parameters needed to allow further comparisons; the need to test other types of attractants, to make the application of the method possible where the use of valerian was proven to be inefficient or scarcely efficient, in order to allow a better comparison of future results).
From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment
Authors: Melki Reut , Litvak Yael
Published: July 2024

From the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.
Indirect evaluative voluntarism
Authors: Horne Alex
Published: July 2024

Is genuine self‐creation – understood as self‐directed value‐acquisition – possible? Many philosophers think not. I disagree. I explain why a recent attempt to solve the problem fails and use it to motivate an alternative proposal: indirect evaluative voluntarism. Indirect evaluative voluntarism is not only well‐suited to explaining how self‐creation is possible; it also unifies two important aspects of our doxastic lives, viz. responsibility for the acquisition of both evaluative and non‐evaluative beliefs.
Fatal posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after blood transfusion in a patient with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Takigawa Ken , Shima Takahiro , Kubara Chiaki , Akamine Shun , Utsumi Sae , Yoshino Teruhiko , Minami Mariko , Hayashi Masayasu , Matsuo Yayoi , Kuriyama Takuro , Yoneda Reiko , Taniguchi Shuichi , Eto Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

Background

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is known as a transfusion‐related complication with typically favorable prognosis and no report fatalities. Pathological evaluation of PRES is also scarce.

Case Report

An 88‐year‐old female with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) attended our hospital because of a compression fracture and chronic heart failure with chronic anemia. While her hemoglobin levels improved from 4.6 to 8.0 g/dL and the pleural effusions substantially decreased following six units of red blood cell transfusion and diuretic therapy, a gradual decline in cognitive function and speech reduction was noted. PRES was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Despite treatment of intensive supportive care, the patient fell into a coma by the 20th day and passed away on the 22nd day. Although the pathophysiological link between blood‐transfusion‐related PRES and its impact on survival is not fully understood, autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of PRES and revealed multiple cerebral hemorrhages that were not detected in earlier imaging studies.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of PRES, especially in high‐risk populations such as elderly patients with multiple comorbidities or those with thrombocytopenia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of PRES in patients with hematologic diseases.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Causal Framework of Personal News Curation on Social Media
Authors: Chu Yujing , Zawawi Julia Wirza Binti Mohd , Bidin Rosmiza Binti Haji
Published: July 2024

The changing hierarchical relationship between mass media consumers and media content producers in the information age has given rise to extensive research on personal news curation. This study presents a systematic overview of previous studies on social media users' personal news curation practices. In the study of personal news curation practices on social media, gaps in themes, theories, variables, and conceptual frameworks are to be found and filled by means of this systematic review of the literature. The goal of the study is to provide a causal framework that illustrates the connections between the various research items.Twenty papers that were taken from the Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases are reviewed using the PRISMA method. Two main study themes, fifteen theories or models, and a comprehensive causality framework emerged from the examination.We recommend that future research on the personal news curation practices provide empirical studies on different types especially the personal productive news curation on social media, widen the field of research and adopt different theories or models according to the new social media environments and contexts. Researchers are also expected to adopt a more complete and detailed systematic approach to review the literature on the study of personal news curation on social media.
The Shift in the Use of Keigo by Migrant Care workers on TikTok Social Media
Authors: Rahayu Ely Triasih , Hartati Hartati
Published: July 2024

Honorifics are one of the causes of stress for migrant care workers in Japan. To alleviate stress, they play TikTok, a social media platform widely used to upload videos of conversations between care workers and the elderly. From the videos, this study scrutinized how language was used between care workers and the elderly in communicating. This research explored video displays on TikTok based on the use of language in conversation services between care workers and elders based on culturally based concepts around the usage of Japanese honorifics in constructing social identities. The data were obtained from 35 TikTok accounts used through an online survey. The data, in the form of videos on TikTok social media, showed language use between care workers and the elderly, and were then analyzed using a sociolinguistic framework. Findings have shown that in the communication, the care workers manipulated honorifics (keigo).  The results of data analysis show that in the TikTok videos, there is a language shift from keigo form (sonkeigo 'respect form', kenjōgo 'humble form') to teineigo 'polite form' and even shifted to futsuutai 'plain form'. This shift in honorifics is influenced by changes in (1) social position, regard (2) power, and intertwined, but the major (3) age, and (4) formality. The results of this research can educate migrant care workers in selecting a language appropriate to social factors to create a good relationship between care workers and the elderly in delivering services to the elderly in-home care.
The Role of Communication in Nation-Building: A Theoretical Framework for South African National Unity
Authors: Chaka Mpho , Adanlawo Eyitayo Francis
Published: July 2024

Communication plays a crucial role in the formation of a nation and its identity. It is apparent that the government of South Africa has previously started nation-building initiatives, but it is unclear how much the public is involved in the design and implementation of these campaigns. In this study, the contemporary literature on communication in the context of nation-building was critically engaged to clarify the role that communication plays in nation-building. The study concludes that the two-way symmetrical model is the best as it emphasises honest information exchanges between the public and the government through interactive communication. In order to effectively communicate with both internal and external target audiences and advance the agenda for nation-building, the South African government should employ communication techniques that will create and maintain enduring relationships with the public based on mutual trust by implementing participatory communication approaches to nation-building.
Dietary and water restriction leads to increased susceptibility to antimicrobial resistant pathogens
Authors: Lacey Keenan A. , Pickrum Adam M. , Gonzalez Sandra , Bartnicki Eric , Castellaw Ashley H. , Rodrick Tori C. , Jones Drew R. , Khanna Kamal M. , Torres Victor J.
Published: July 2024

Dehydration and malnutrition are common and often underdiagnosed in hospital settings. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections result in more than 35,000 deaths a year in nosocomial patients. The effect of temporal dietary and water restriction (DWR) on susceptibility to multidrug-resistant pathogens is unknown. We report that DWR markedly increased susceptibility to systemic infection by ESKAPE pathogens. Using a murine bloodstream model of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
infection, we show that DWR leads to significantly increased mortality and morbidity. DWR causes increased bacterial burden, severe pathology, and increased numbers of phagocytes in the kidney. DWR appears to alter the functionality of these phagocytes and is therefore unable to control infection. Mechanistically, we show that DWR impairs the ability of macrophages to phagocytose multiple bacterial pathogens and efferocytose apoptotic neutrophils. Together, this work highlights the crucial impact that diet and hydration play in protecting against infection.
Merging sociality and robotics through an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Diana Fabiola , Cañamero Lola , Hortensius Ruud , Kret Mariska E.
Published: July 2024

Robotics, using social mechanisms like hormonal modulation, may accelerate our understanding of core sociality principles.
Adjuvantation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with controlled tissue-specific expression of an mRNA encoding IL-12p70
Authors: Brook Byron , Duval Valerie , Barman Soumik , Speciner Lauren , Sweitzer Cali , Khanmohammed Asad , Menon Manisha , Foster Kimberly , Ghosh Pallab , Abedi Kimia , Koster Jacob , Nanishi Etsuro , Baden Lindsey R. , Levy Ofer , VanCott Thomas , Micol Romain , Dowling David J.
Published: July 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were pivotal in reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection burden, yet they have not demonstrated robust durability, especially in older adults. Here, we describe a molecular adjuvant comprising a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). The bioactive adjuvant was engineered with a multiorgan protection (MOP) sequence to restrict transcript expression to the intramuscular injection site. Admixing
IL-12–MOP
(CTX-1796) with the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increased spike protein–specific immune responses in mice. Specifically, the benefits of
IL-12–MOP
adjuvantation included amplified humoral and cellular immunity and increased immune durability for 1 year after vaccination in mice. An additional benefit included the restoration of immunity in aged mice to amounts comparable to those achieved in young adult animals, alongside amplification with a single immunization. Associated enhanced dendritic cell and germinal center responses were observed. Together, these data demonstrate that an LNP-encapsulated
IL-12–MOP
mRNA-encoded adjuvant can amplify immunogenicity independent of age, demonstrating translational potential to benefit vulnerable populations.
Flortaucipir PET uncovers relationships between tau and amyloid-β in primary age–related tauopathy and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Josephs Keith A. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Machulda Mary M. , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David S. , Nguyen Aivi , Reichard R. Ross , Dickson Dennis W. , Petersen Ronald C. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Whitwell Jennifer L.
Published: July 2024

[
18
F]-Flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) is considered a good biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is unknown how flortaucipir is associated with the distribution of tau across brain regions and how these associations are influenced by amyloid-β. It is also unclear whether flortaucipir can detect tau in definite primary age–related tauopathy (PART). We identified 248 individuals at Mayo Clinic who had undergone [
18
F]-flortaucipir PET during life, had died, and had undergone an autopsy, 239 cases of which also had amyloid-β PET. We assessed nonlinear relationships between flortaucipir uptake in nine medial temporal and cortical regions, Braak tau stage, and Thal amyloid-β phase using generalized additive models. We found that flortaucipir uptake was greater with increasing tau stage in all regions. Increased uptake at low tau stages in medial temporal regions was only observed in cases with a high amyloid-β phase. Flortaucipir uptake linearly increased with the amyloid-β phase in medial temporal and cortical regions. The highest flortaucipir uptake occurred with high Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) scores, followed by low-intermediate ADNC scores, then PART, with the entorhinal cortex providing the best differentiation between groups. Flortaucipir PET had limited ability to detect PART, and imaging-defined PART did not correspond with pathologically defined PART. In summary, spatial patterns of flortaucipir mirrored the histopathological tau distribution, were influenced by the amyloid-β phase, and were useful for distinguishing different ADNC scores and PART.
Qualitative interview with mothers of moderately or late preterm infants in the UK: where are the care gaps?
Authors: Laverty Catherine , Surtees Andrew , Sutherland Daniel , Richards Caroline
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks) accounts for an increasing proportion of global births each year, with moderately or late preterm birth (MLPT) (32+0/7–36+6/7gestational weeks) comprising over 80% of all preterm births. Despite the frequency, MLPT births represent only a small fraction of prematurity research, with research exploring the parental experiences of having a child born MLPT particularly neglected. It is vital this perspective is considered to provide appropriate grounding for future research and service provision.

Methods

Six mothers from the UK of infants (aged between 18 and 36 months) born MLPT were invited to take part in a semistructured qualitative interview study. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to explore the data and codes were then conceptualised through a process of inductive reasoning to identify patterns of meaning.

Results

Five themes are presented that are conceptualised from the data: (1) the moderate or later preterm ‘label—does it matter?, (2) vulnerability within a new role, (3) coming home and wanting to start ‘normal’ life, (4) comparisons to provide a reference to experiences and (5) experience of professionals throughout the pregnancy, newborn and early years journey.

Conclusions

Findings offer in-depth evidence surrounding mothers’ experiences of healthcare throughout pregnancy and immediately after birth, perceptions of the ‘preterm’ label and thoughts on how mothers reflect on their experiences. Future research should show an awareness of the broader family context when interpreting findings and providing suggestions for future research avenues or service provision.