bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biliary and plasma copper and zinc in pregnant Simmental and Angus cattle
Authors: Gooneratne S. Ravi , Laarveld Bernard , Pathirana Kumar K. , Christensen David A.
Published: August 2013

Three each of 3-year-old Angus and Simmental heifers, surgically modified to collect bile, were used to measure the effects of pregnancy and breed on bile flow, biliary copper and zinc excretion and plasma copper and zinc concentrations. Bile copper excretion was significantly higher at 7-mo of pregnancy when samples from both breeds were pooled. From then onwards it declined to its lowest, one week post-partum. During pregnancy, plasma copper concentration increased slightly, reaching its highest level at 7-mo of pregnancy and then decreased slightly until full term. In pooled samples from both breeds, the correlation between increase in bile copper excretion and plasma copper concentration from 0 to 7-mo of pregnancy was high (r = 0.85) and significant (p < 0.05). Plasma zinc concentration decreased to the lowest level around 6-mo of pregnancy but increased thereafter until full term. In cows that were dried off one week after parturition, major shifts in bile and plasma copper and zinc parameters occurred at one week following and these coincided with a marked decline of bile flow and bile copper and zinc excretion. By 3-mo post-partum, biliary copper and zinc excretion and plasma copper and zinc concentrations had reached levels observed prior to pregnancy. When the data from all samples were pooled, the bile flow and bile copper excretion were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Simmental, and plasma copper and zinc concentration higher in the Angus.
Decreased mRNA and Protein Expression of BDNF, NGF, and their Receptors in the Hippocampus from Suicide: An Analysis in Human Postmortem Brain
Authors: Banerjee Ritabrata , Ghosh Anup K. , Ghosh Balaram , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Mondal Amal C.
Published: August 2013

Despite the devastating effect of suicide on numerous lives, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning its neurochemical aspects. There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression through binding and activating their cognate receptors TrkB and TrkA respectively. The present study was performed to examine whether the expression profiles of BDNF and/or TrkB as well as NGF and/or TrkA were altered in the hippocampus of postmortem brain of the participants, who had committed suicide and whether these alterations were associated with specific psychopathologic conditions. These studies were performed on the hippocampus of 21 suicide victims and 19 non-psychiatric control individuals. The protein and mRNA levels of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR. Given the importance of BDNF and NGF and their cognate receptors in mediating physiological functions, including cell survival and synaptic plasticity, our findings of reduced expression of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA on both the protein and mRNA levels of postmortem brains of suicide victims suggest that these molecules may play an important role in the pathophysiological aspects of suicidal behavior.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-derived Flow Parameters for the Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Drug Development
Authors: Michael Dada O. , Bamidele Awojoyogbe O. , Adewale Adesola O. , Karem Boubaker
Published: August 2013

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) allows for fast, accurate and noninvasive measurement of fluid flow in restricted and non-restricted media. The results of such measurements may be possible for a very small B0 field and can be enhanced through detailed examination of generating functions that may arise from polynomial solutions of NMR flow equations in terms of Legendre polynomials and Boubaker polynomials. The generating functions of these polynomials can present an array of interesting possibilities that may be useful for understanding the basic physics of extracting relevant NMR flow information from which various hemodynamic problems can be carefully studied. Specifically, these results may be used to develop effective drugs for cardiovascular-related diseases.
Atividades Paroxisticas no EEG de Pacientes Aidéticos
Authors: Prado Gilmar Fernandes do , Silva Ademir Baptista da , Lima José Geraldo de Camargo
Published: August 2013

Estudamos a ocorrência de atividade paroxistica no EEG de 73 pacientes com infecção pelo HIV, considerando o tipo e localização das mesmas. Dentre os 40 pacientes com EEG anormal, tivemos 38 (95%) apresentando atividade paroxistica. Em 25 casos (65,79%) a atividade paroxistica observeda foi de projeção difusa, e em 9 casos localizada. Vários processos patológicos (principalmente a toxoplasmose cerebral) podem estar associados a atividade paroxistica no EEG, sendo observada também em pacientes com quadro demencial.
Classificação das Alterações Eletroencefalográficas na Aids
Authors: Prado Gilmar Fernandes do , Carvalho Luciane Bizari Coin de , Silva Ademir Baptista da , Lima José Geraldo de Camargo
Published: August 2013

Os autores fazem um estudo das alterações eletroencefalograficas da AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), classificando-as segundo o ritmo de base e a presença ou não de atividades paroxisticas. Foram estudados 73 pacientes HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus) positivos (4), com ou sem complicações secundarias, sendo que um pertencia ao grupo II do CDC (Center for Disease Control), quatro ao grupo Ill e 68 ao grupo IV. Classificamos as alterações EEG (Eletroencef alograma) encontradas conforme se segue: Grau .0 (presença de ritmo de base constituido por alfa posterior maior que 9Hz), Grau Oa (grau 0 com assimetria da atividade elétrica cerebral - AAEC), Grau 1 (ritmo alfa 8-9Hz; ou ritmo alfa maior que 9Hz, porém com EEG anterior evidenciando alfa pelo menos 1Hz acima da freqüência atual; ou ritmo de base - alfa posterior - maior que 9Hz associado a ondas teta difíceis de serem distinguidas daquelas relacionadas á sonolência), Grau la (grau 1 com AAEC), Grau 2 ( ritmo de base alfa associado a breves surtos de teta e ou delta difusos de predomínio anterior não relacionados a sonolência; ou presença de ondas teta mescladas ao alfa; ou ritmo de base beta com EEG de baixa voltagem), Grau 2a (grau 2 com AAEC), Grau 3 (ritmo de base teta associado ou não a breves surtos de delta (predomínio anterior); ou ritmo de base beta com EEG de baixa voltagem associado a ritmos lentos (teta e delta não relacionados a sonolência), Grau 3a (grau 3 com AAEC), Grau 4 (ritmo de base delta), Grau 4a (grau 4 com AAEC). Grau 5 (ritmo de base delta associado a breves períodos de supressão da atividade elétrica cerebral - AEC), Grau 5a (grau 5 com AAEC), Grau 6 (supressão da AEC associado a breves surtos de delta), Grau 6a (grau 6 com AAEC), Grau 7 (EEG isoelétrico).
Driving Assessment Tools Used by Driver Rehabilitation Specialists: Survey of Use and Implications for Practice
Authors: Dickerson Anne E.
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE. This article describes the use of assessment tools by North American driver rehabilitation specialists (DRSs).

PARTICIPANTS. Participants were 227 self-identified DRSs from the combined databases of two national associations.

MEASURES. Information was solicited through a self-administered survey about the driving evaluation process, assessment tools, and process for making fitness-to-drive recommendations.

RESULTS. More than 80% of the DRSs reported testing visual acuity, range of motion, muscle strength, and fine motor coordination. The most consistently used cognitive–perceptual tests were the Trail Making Tests, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test–Revised, and short cognitive screening tests. A client’s behind-the-wheel performance was the main factor in making a fitness-to-drive recommendation. Few specialists are using computer-based tests or interactive driving simulators.

CONCLUSION. Although use of the Useful Field of View® has increased, there continues to be no consistency in cognitive assessments or guidelines for behind-the-wheel assessment. Implications for practice are discussed.
Computer Adaptive Test Approach to the Assessment of Children and Youth With Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Mulcahey M. J. , Merenda Lisa , Tian Feng , Kozin Scott , James Michelle , Gogola Gloria , Ni Pengsheng
Published: August 2013

This study examined the psychometric properties of item pools relevant to upper-extremity function and activity performance and evaluated simulated 5-, 10-, and 15-item computer adaptive tests (CATs). In a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 200 children and youth with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP), parents responded to upper-extremity (n = 52) and activity (n = 34) items using a 5-point response scale. We used confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, ordinal logistic regression, item maps, and standard errors to evaluate the psychometric properties of the item banks. Validity was evaluated using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results show that the two item pools have acceptable model fit, scaled well for children and youth with BPBP, and had good validity, content range, and precision. Simulated CATs performed comparably to the full item banks, suggesting that a reduced number of items provide similar information to the entire set of items.
Enhanced Task-Oriented Training in a Person With Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Ciro Carrie A. , Hershey Linda A. , Garrison David
Published: August 2013

Despite the inevitable loss of function seen in people with progressive dementias, interventions for reversing or minimizing functional loss are understudied. Research supports task-oriented training, but practical gaps in how to best evaluate clients for this training and how to implement it in clinical settings may be thwarting translation to occupational therapy practice. We structured an intervention model called STOMP (Skill-building through Task-Oriented Motor Practice) using a unique blend of task-oriented training and motor-learning principles. In this article, we describe through a case study the process and outcome of using STOMP to improve functional skills in a woman with moderate dementia with Lewy bodies. Our findings suggest that STOMP has the potential to serve as a structure for the evaluation and treatment of occupational performance deficits in people with dementia and that this model warrants further investigation.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the understorey carbon balance over the growing season in a boreal Pine forest
Authors: Metcalfe D. B. , Eisele B. , Hasselquist N. J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Boreal forests play a key role in the global carbon cycle and are facing rapid shifts in nitrogen availability with poorly understood consequences for ecosystem function and global climate. We quantified the effects of nitrogen availability on carbon fluxes from a relatively understudied component of these forests – understorey vegetation – at three intervals over the summer growing period in a northern Swedish Scots Pine stand. Nitrogen addition altered both photosynthetic carbon uptake and respiratory release, but the magnitude and direction of this effect depended on the time during the growing season and the amount of nitrogen added. Specifically, nitrogen addition stimulated net ecosystem carbon uptake only in the late growing season. We find evidence for species-specific control of understorey carbon sink strength, as photosynthesis per unit ground area was positively correlated only with the abundance of the vascular plant Vaccinium myrtillus and no others. Comparison of photosynthetic carbon uptake with data on plant carbon dioxide release from the study site, indicate that understorey vegetation photosynthate was mainly supplying respiratory demands for much of the year. Only in the late season with nitrogen addition did understorey vegetation appear to experience a large surplus of carbon in excess of respiratory requirements. Further work, simultaneously comparing all major biomass and respiratory carbon fluxes in understorey and tree vegetation, is required to resolve the likely impacts of environmental changes on whole-ecosystem carbon sequestration in boreal forests.
Polar coralline algal CaCO3-production rates correspond to intensity and duration of the solar radiation
Authors: Teichert S. , Freiwald A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. In this study we present a comparative quantification of CaCO3 production rates by rhodolith-forming coralline red algal communities situated in high polar latitudes and assess which environmental parameters control these productions rates. The present rhodoliths act as ecosystem engineers and their carbonate skeletons provide an important ecological niche to a variety of benthic organisms. The settings are distributed along the coasts of the Svalbard archipelago, being Floskjeret (78°18' N) in Isfjorden, Krossfjorden (79°08' N) at the eastern coast of Haakon VII Land, Mosselbukta (79°53' N) at the eastern coast of Mosselhalvøya, and Nordkappbukta (80°31' N) at the northern coast of Nordaustlandet. All sites feature Arctic climate and strong seasonality. The algal CaCO3 production rates were calculated from fuchsine stained annual growth increments exhibited by the rhodoliths and range from 100.9 g (CaCO3) m−2 yr−1 at Nordkappbukta to 200.3 g (CaCO3) m−2 yr−1 at Floskjeret. The rates correlate to various environmental parameters with geographical latitude being the most significant (negative correlation, R2 = 0.95, p < 0.05), followed by the duration of the polar night (negative correlation, R2 = 0.93, p < 0.05), the duration of the sea ice cover (negative correlation, R2 = 0.87, p = 0.07), and the annual mean temperature (positive correlation, R2 = 0.48, p < 0.05). This points out sufficient light incidence to be the main control of the growth of the examined coralline red algal rhodolith communities, while temperature is less important. Thus, the ongoing global change with its rising temperatures will most likely result in impaired conditions for the algal, because the concomitant increased global runoff will decrease water transparency and hence light incidence at the four offshore sites. Regarding the aforementioned role of the rhodoliths as ecosystem engineers, the impact on the associated organisms will presumably also be negative.
NEMO on the shelf: assessment of the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland configuration
Authors: Maraldi C. , Chanut J. , Levier B. , Ayoub N. , De Mey P. , Reffray G. , Lyard F. , Cailleau S. , Drévillon M. , Fanjul E. A. , Sotillo M. G. , Marsaleix P. ,   the Mercator Research and Development Team
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This work describes the design and validation of a high-resolution (1/36°) ocean forecasting model over the "Iberian–Biscay–Irish" (IBI) area. The system has been set-up using the NEMO model (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean). New developments have been incorporated in NEMO to make it suitable to open- as well as coastal-ocean modelling. In this paper, we pursue three main objectives: (1) to give an overview of the model configuration used for the simulations; (2) to give a broad-brush account of one particular aspect of this work, namely consistency verification; this type of validation is conducted upstream of the implementation of the system before it is used for production and routinely validated; it is meant to guide model development in identifying gross deficiencies in the modelling of several key physical processes; and (3) to show that such a regional modelling system has potential as a complement to patchy observations (an integrated approach) to give information on non-observed physical quantities and to provide links between observations by identifying broader-scale patterns and processes. We concentrate on the year 2008. We first provide domain-wide consistency verification results in terms of barotropic tides, transports, sea surface temperature and stratification. We then focus on two dynamical subregions: the Celtic shelves and the Bay of Biscay slope and deep regions. The model–data consistency is checked for variables and processes such as tidal currents, tidal fronts, internal tides and residual elevation. We also examine the representation in the model of a seasonal pattern of the Bay of Biscay circulation: the warm extension of the Iberian Poleward Current along the northern Spanish coast (Navidad event) in the winter of 2007–2008.
I Hear, Therefore I Know:
Authors: Miller Paul B.
Published: August 2013

This essay discusses the themes and motifs in Ariel Dorfman's play Death and the Maiden and attempts to situate them within a constellation of Southern Cone post-dictatorial traumatic expression, including Jacobo Timerman's testimonial and the 1986 film La historia oficial. The essay argues that not only the specific themes (such as justice, trauma, and revenge in the wake of state-sponsored crimes) but also the historical and demographic context confer upon these works an important place in the growing field of Latin American Jewish literature.
No Association of Leptin Receptor Gene Gln223Arg Polymorphism with Capillary Glucose Levels: A Preliminary Population Base Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pena Geórgia das Graças , Guimarães Andre Luiz Sena , Veloso Rosângela Ramos , Reis Tatiana Carvalho , Neto João Felício Rodrigues , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
Published: August 2013

The leptin receptor gene has been reported to associate with insulin and glucose metabolism and adiposity in different study settings and various populations. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the associations of the leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism (LEPR Gln223Arg) with high capillary glucose levels. Cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample was carried out in individuals aged ≥18 years in an urban area of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The capillary glucose was considered high when ≥140 mg/dL. The genotypes of LEPR Gln223Arg distribution were as the following: 10.43% GG (n=49), 46.81% AG (n=220), and 42.77% AA (n=201), and there were no prevalence differences between genders, (P=0.57). Multivariate-adjusted models showed that there is no association between the polymorphism LEPR Gln223Arg and capillary high levels of glucose even when adjusted for age, sex, smoking, schooling, and parental history of obesity. In conclusion, no association between the polymorphism LEPR Gln223Arg and elevated blood glucose levels was detected.
The Beneficial Effects of SesaVitaTM on Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose Levels in Subjects With Prediabetes and Mild-To-Moderate Hyperlipidemia in India
Authors: Shivaprasad H. N. , Bhanumathy M. , Tamer Ceyhun , Sushma G. , Raveendra K. R. , Venkateshwarlu K.
Published: August 2013

Individuals suffering from Type 2 diabetes develop prediabetes before progression of diabetes. In case of prediabetes people, the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not sufficient to be diagnosed as diabetes. On the basis of existing reports on Sesame extract, SesaVitaTM which is an herbal food supplement containing Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) extract may provide an option for management of prediabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the beneficial effects of SesaVitaTM in prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia subjects. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study comprised of 13 female and 07 male patients with prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia, aged between 18 and 65 years. Twenty subjects were randomized to receive SesaVitaTM (500 mg/day) or placebo along with therapeutic lifestyle changes for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the measure of efficacy in terms of change in serum lipid profile and glycaemic levels on week 3 and 6. Secondary outcome measures include safety and tolerability evaluated by physical examination and clinical laboratory evaluations. Improvements in lipid profile and glycaemic levels were observed in SesaVitaTM treated group when compared with placebo and baseline. A statistical significant reduction was observed in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels during week 3 and 6 when treated with SesaVitaTM extract. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study. This study revealed that the treatment with SesaVitaTM was safe and well tolerated; may be beneficial in the management of prediabetes and mild-to-moderate hyperlipidemia.
depositing @ abstracts
Authors: Surname Bob.
Published: August 2013

Background
Insecticide-impregnated bed nets and curtains (ITN) have been shown by many studies to be effective against malaria. However, in areas of intense malaria transmission and due to possible interactions with immunity development ITN interventions may cause no effect at all or even an increase in malaria morbidity and mortality.
Queer Space, Pride, and Shame in Moscow
Authors: Stella Francesca
Published: August 2013

In this article, Francesca Stella examines the notion of Moscow as a global city through the prism of cultural diversity and cosmopolitanism by exploring articulations of queer space in the Russian capital. Two types of queer space are explored: the “scene,” understood as a loose cluster of commercial venues and community organizations catering to an LGBT clientele, and Moscow Pride, a temporary but also highly visible and politicized appropriation of urban space by the LGBT community. The analysis of Moscow Pride as a putative cosmopolitan object is framed within a broader sociopolitical context characterized by the rise of authoritarian, sexually conservative, and anti-western nationalist discourses. Stella provides insights into the contextual ability of political strategies based on visibility, recognition, and the support of transnational solidarity networks to pursue cosmopolitan values of openness and respect toward sexual diversity, highlighting a crucial tension between global/local and universal/particular in current debates on cosmopolitanism.
From Violence to Silence: Vicissitudes of Reading (in)The Idiot
Authors: Spektor Alexander
Published: August 2013

How the narrative dynamics ofThe Idiotshape and inform its ethics is the focus of this article by Alexander Spektor.The Idiotis one of the most radical of Fedor Dostoevskii's novelistic experiments inasmuch as it questions the integrity of the self created through the process of narrative representation and interpretation. Dostoevskii achieves this effect by contrasting the idea of the inherent distance between sign and meaning with Myshkin's initial belief in the possibility of the transcendental signifier. The reader is gradually forced to accept that any form of participation in the big dialogue of the novel is bound to cause intense rivalry for the control of its meaning, which ultimately leads to physical violence either against the self (Ippolit and Nastasia Filippovna) or against others (Rogozhin). Dostoevskii undermines the integrity of any narrative formation of the self, including the self of the reader, by framing it within nonverbal acts of violence and compassion. Hence,The Idiotcan be read as aBildungsroman, in which the protagonist, Prince Myshkin, traverses the distance between the novel's is—an attempt to secure positive ethical meaning (within an established) narrative—and the novel'sought, the silent and nonsensical acts of compassion that, ultimately, defy signification. To make sense ofThe Idiotrequires the reader to participate in an ethically compromised endeavor. Forced to do justice to the text, the reader also has to bear responsibility for the violence inherent in any narrative construction of the self.
Mathematical Lens: Horsing Around
Authors: Wilcock Douglas
Published: August 2013

Students analyze a photograph to solve mathematical questions related to the images captured in the photograph. This month, the mathematics of a carousel involves student use of trigonometry (right triangle and more).
Adding a New Dimension to Algebra
Authors: Gordon Sheldon P.
Published: August 2013

The idea of a function of several variables–important in other disciplines–can be introduced in secondary school mathematics courses.
“I Need More Information!”
Authors: Trinter Christine P. , Garofalo Joe
Published: August 2013

If students suspect that a problem is solvable, they will persevere in their efforts to analyze and solve it.
Delving Deeper: Transforming Shapes Physically and Analytically
Authors: Rathouz Margaret , Novak Christopher , Clifford John
Published: August 2013

Constructing formulas “from scratch” for calculating geometric measurements of shapes—for example, the area of a triangle—involves reasoning deductively and drawing connections between different methods (Usnick, Lamphere, and Bright 1992). Visual and manipulative models also play a role in helping students understand the underlying mathematics implicit in measurement and make sense of the numbers and operations in formulas.
The Back Page: My Favorite Lesson: All Knotted Up
Authors: Wilder Jamie-Marie L. , Fisher Molly H.
Published: August 2013

Our favorite lesson is a hands-on activity that helps students visually “tie” (pun intended) the concepts of rate of change and y-intercept together in a meaningful context using strings and ropes. Students tie knots in ropes of various thicknesses and then measure the length of the rope as the number of knots increases. We provide clothesline, twine, bungee cord, and other ropes found at local crafts, sporting goods, and home stores. We avoid very thin string, such as thread or knitting yarn, because the knots are small and the string length does not change enough to explore a rate of change. A variety of thicknesses is important because this allows for variability in the rates of change.
Reclaimed Water System Stretches Resources
Authors: Gordhamer Robert
Published: August 2013

The reclaimed water system developed by Cary, N.C., can serve as a guide to other communities looking to build and maintain reclaimed water systems as part of sustainable water management policies.
Motorized Cover Lifter Provides Mobile Access to Manholes
Authors: Ouellet Jean‐Marc , Savage Yvan
Published: August 2013

The Motorized Manhole Cover Lifter, a motorized, self‐supporting unit made of recycled and wheelchair parts, was created for lifting manhole covers.
Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainages onto Pig Bristles, Poultry Feathers and Crustacean Shells Industrial Biowastes
Authors: Fernando I. Ramírez-Paredes  , Teresa Manzano-Muñoz  , Juan C. Garcia-Prieto  , J. Felipe Bello-Estévez  , Galina G. Zhadan  , Valery L. Shnyrov  , John F. Kennedy  , Manuel G. Roig
Published: August 2013

The removal of metals ions from aqueous solutions plays an important role in water pollution control. In this study, a biosorption process for the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated acid mine drainages, located in Western Spain, has been developed. The process is based on the physico-chemical properties for the adsorption, ion exchange, and complexation of metal ions by biopolymers keratin and chitin from different industrial biowastes such as pig bristles, poultry feathers and crustacean shells. The selectivity for metals, the first order kinetics and yields of the corresponding biosorption processes of uranium and other metals polluting such acid mine drainages by such biosorbents are described. The biowaste rich in keratin (pig bristles) seems to show a higher biosorption capacity than that of bioresidues rich in chitin (crustacean shells). Moreover, factors such as the lower contamination by metals of acid waters, the lower influent water volume/biosorbent mass ratio, the configuration of the packed-bed reactor and the partial hydrolysis of keratin increase both the capacity and the rate of the process of metal biosorption onto the biosorbent.
Who’s Getting Cited: Representation of Women and Non-White Scholars in Major American Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals Between 1986-2005
Authors: Kim Bitna , Hawkins Paul M.
Published: August 2013

This article presents findings from an ongoing study of the integration of women and non-white scholarship into the discipline of criminology and criminal justice. The most-cited women and non-white scholars in six major American journals were determined for 1986–2005 to investigate (1) if the dissemination of published research findings in criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) is affected by gender and race/ethnicity and (2) if changes in scholarly influence of women and non-white scholars in CCJ over 20 years exists. A number of explanations are suggested to account for gender and racial differentials in citation rates.
Réussir son insertion professionnelle : une analyse féministe de trajectoires sociales de femmes qui se sont engagées dans un processus d’alphabétisation
Authors: Savoie Lise , Gaudet Jeanne d’Arc
Published: August 2013

Les auteures présentent les résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur la compréhension de la trajectoire professionnelle de femmes qui sont retournées aux études dans un programme d’alphabétisation. Une analyse de leur trajectoire sociale avant et après le processus d’alphabétisation permet de comprendre la manière dont divers espaces de socialisation (famille, école, formation) influent sur les formes de travail dans lesquelles ces femmes s’engagent. La recherche a d’ailleurs mis en perspective que ces femmes, après une formation en alphabétisation, s’orientent vers des secteurs d’emploi traditionnellement féminins : le soin aux autres. C’est dans ces filières d’emploi qu’elles disent se sentir reconnues et valorisées.
« Voir » la santé autrement : les constructions discursives de la santé de jeunes femmes vivant en situation de handicap visuel
Authors: Pouliot Annie , Rail Geneviève
Published: August 2013

À partir d'une perspective poststructuraliste et féministe, les auteures explorent, dans le contexte du discours dominant de l'obésité, les constructions discursives de la santé de 20 jeunes femmes vivant en situation de handicap visuel. Dans un premier temps, elles utilisent l'écriture évocatrice afin de rapporter les résultats de l'analyse thématique. Cette dernière leur permet de mettre en scène deux résultats émergents: la santé est principalement construite en termes corporels et en tant que responsabilité individuelle liée à l'adoption de pratiques sanitaires. Dans un second temps, les récits des jeunes femmes sont examinés par l'entremise d'une analyse poststructuraliste du discours. À partir de celle-ci, les auteures notent les positions multiples et fluides que les jeunes femmes adoptent en tant que « sujets » : à certains moments en tant que sujets « néolibéraux », reproduisant sans les remettre en question les éléments de certains discours dominants de la santé et de l'obésité, mais à d'autres moments en tant que sujets « poststructuralistes », capables d'apporter un regard critique sur les discours dominants et ainsi de reconstruire la notion de santé autrement et de manière moins oppressive.
Pouvoir, capacité d’agir et violence envers les femmes dans le travail journalistique en Irak
Authors: Hussein Hasna
Published: August 2013

En Irak, avec l'invasion américaine, l'entrée de femmes dans le travail journalistique a contribué à l'émergence de nouvelles formes de violence spécifique envers celles-ci. À partir de rapports d'organisations internationales, de recherches et de témoignages, l'auteur met en lumière les différents aspects de cette violence, dans une société où la tradition patriarcale, la mouvance islamiste et les conflits ethnoconfessionnels complexifient l'exercice de cette profession. Cependant, cette violence indique précisément l'acquisition par les Irakiennes travaillant dans le domaine journalistique de nouvelles formes de pouvoir, et même les transformations de la représentation de leur place dans l'espace public par les franges les plus traditionnalistes de la société irakienne.
Les scripts sexuels des femmes de carrière célibataires dans les téléséries québécoises. Études de cas : Tout sur moi, Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin et C.A.1
Authors: Lavigne Julie , Auger Anne-Marie , Lévy Joseph Josy , Engler Kim , Fernet Mylène
Published: August 2013

Dans le contexte d'une recherche portant sur les femmes célibataires à Montréal, l'analyse de trois téléséries québécoises mises en ondes par Radio- Canada ayant comme personnage central une femme de carrière célibataire dans la trentaine (Tout sur moi, Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin et C.A.) a été effectuée afin de dégager les représentations de leur vie sociosexuelle, et ce, à partir du concept d'agentivité sexuelle, de la théorie des scripts de la sexualité et celle des orientations intimes de soi. Les divers scénarios sexuels vécus par les trois personnages, des scripts de rencontre à ceux de rupture, en passant par les types de relations qui y sont rattachés, sont présentés.

L'analyse suggère une grande variabilité dans les scripts sexuels féminins et l'adoption de scripts considérés traditionnellement comme masculins : notamment, les femmes prennent souvent l'initiative de la rencontre et des rapports sexuels. Deux des trois personnages féminins étudiés possèdent des caractéristiques d'une orientation intime de soi du type « désir individuel », le troisième personnage présentant une construction de soi du type « réseau sexuel »; cependant, les trois personnages conservent certains aspects d'une orientation intime de soi de la sexualité conjugale. Ces téléséries présentent donc des personnages féminins multipartenaires, sans les confiner dans des rôles de femmes faciles et sans que cet aspect leur porte préjudice, ce qui laisse ainsi suggérer une transformation des représentations de la sexualité des femmes célibataires québécoises.
Gérald Leblanc et l’expérience du corps dans la ville
Authors: Ferron Andrée Mélissa
Published: August 2013

Dans La condition urbaine, Olivier Mongin soutenait que « le premier langage qui permet de qualifier l’expérience urbaine est […] celui du poète et de l’écrivain, celui des mots et de leur rythmique. » (Mongin 2005 : 32). Mongin posait alors la question de l’implication du corps dans l’expérience de l’espace urbain traduite dans le texte. En littérature acadienne, il est difficile de songer à un exemple plus pertinent pour illustrer ces propos que celui de l’oeuvre de Gérald Leblanc. Dans un contexte de francophonie minoritaire, où l’espace demeure investi d’un récit de dépossession, Leblanc aura choisi de canaliser l’identité collective dans les possibles de l’expérience urbaine individuelle. Empirique, adoptant l’esprit jubilatoire que lui inspire l’espace monctonien pour libérer son identité acadienne de ses faux récits contraignants et restrictifs, le poète propose une « infinité de parcours » individuels (Mongin 2005 : 39-40) pour signifier l’appartenance collective.
Les défis du télétravail à l’égard de la vie privée du télétravailleur
Authors: Drolet Johanne , Lebnan Karim
Published: August 2013

Comment le télétravail peut-il se mettre en place en droit québécois du travail
sans qu’il n’entraîne une violation injustifiée du droit au respect de la vie privée
des télétravailleurs à domicile ? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, les
auteurs tracent d’abord un portrait du cadre juridique du droit du travail québécois
en ayant en tête son application au télétravail. Ensuite, ils passent en revue la
jurisprudence des tribunaux pour voir la portée que ceux-ci ont donnée au droit à la
vie privée. Enfin, les auteurs mettent en relief certains arguments justifiant une
pondération à la hausse de l’expectative raisonnable de la vie privée du
télétravailleur à domicile, le télétravailleur salarié n’ayant pas renoncé à son
droit à la vie privée du seul fait de sa subordination juridique à l’employeur. Qui
plus est, le télétravailleur à domicile exécute sa prestation de travail depuis le
domaine souverain de la vie privée, son domicile.
La santé mentale et les accommodements raisonnables au travail : mythe ou réalité ?
Authors: Laflamme Anne-Marie , Bégin-Robitaille Maude
Published: August 2013

Le travail constitue un puissant vecteur d’intégration sociale pour les personnes souffrant de troubles de santé mentale, outre qu’il leur procure des bénéfices thérapeutiques. Pourtant, celles-ci demeurent encore largement exclues du marché du travail. Les obstacles à leur pleine participation résident dans les préjugés dont elles sont victimes et la nécessité d’adapter le travail à leurs besoins et à leurs capacités. L’approche des droits fondamentaux et, en particulier, l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable à l’égard des travailleurs handicapés pourraient constituer la clef de voûte afin de forcer les milieux de travail à prendre en compte leur réalité. Elle ouvre la voie à la prévention primaire au bénéfice de tous.
Prévenir les atteintes à la santé des travailleurs dans les opérations de sous-traitance et de mise à disposition de personnel
Authors: Abellard Stéphanie , Verkindt Pierre-Yves
Published: August 2013

Le prêt de main-d’oeuvre à titre exclusif et à but lucratif est interdit en France. Les formes légales de mise à disposition de personnel et notamment le travail temporaire sont donc strictement encadrées. Leur utilisation fait l’objet d’un contrôle administratif et judiciaire strict. Ces formes de mise à disposition coexistent avec d’autres mécanismes rassemblés sous le vocable général de « sous-traitance ». Au sens strict, la sous-traitance consiste pour une entreprise à confier à une autre l’exécution partielle d’une tâche qui lui incombe. Au sens large, elle inclut la « sous-traitance » interne par laquelle une entreprise demande à une entreprise extérieure de réaliser des tâches sur son site. Dans tous les cas, ces techniques parfois appelées « d’externalisation » ont pour effet de faire coexister spatialement des travailleurs appartenant à des entreprises différentes. Cette coexistence augmente les risques d’accident dans un contexte où l’identification du « décideur » s’avère parfois difficile. Les prévenir suppose de tenir compte de la pluralité d’entreprises concernées et de chaînes de direction.
Aspects of the biology of Cotesia alius (Muesebeck, 1958) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) on Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus Stichel (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Salgado-Neto Geraldo
Published: August 2013

The species Cotesia alius (Muesebeck, 1958) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is a larvae parasitoid of Opsiphanes invirae amplificatus Stichel (1904) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Hymenopteran parasitoids larvae and pupae are recorded acting as defoliators of palm. Concerning the scientific and economic importance of these interespecific relationship, and aiming to increase the knowledge to natural and conservative biological control, the present study records in the State of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, some data on the biology of this C. alius as larval parasitoid of O. invirae amplificatus Stichel (1904). Based on 35 postures were recorded 4581 cocoons. On 16 postures (48%) observed all cocoons were open and empty, indicating that all parasitoids emerged (Normal). In the 19 remaining postures (52%) (Altered), 134 cocoons (6%) were closed with C. alius intacts in six postures (40%) (Intacts) or remains (fragments) (44%), and in Eulophidae intact within three postures (16%). These data can be used in mass rearing of parasitoids, and biological control of defoliator’s palm.
The 2012-2013 Influenza Epidemic and the Role of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Authors: Mueller Donna M.
Published: August 2013

The 2012-2013 influenza epidemic arrived approximately 4 weeks early, augmented by an unusual variant type-A (“swine flu”) strain that caused greater-than-normal illness and a lack of efficacy in vaccination against it. Tens of thousands of people die of influenza or related complications during a nonepidemic influenza season. Osteopathic medicine can substantially help to address the complications that result from influenza. For example, during the deadly 1918-1919 Spanish influenza pandemic, osteopaths reduced patient mortality and morbidity by using lymphatic treatment techniques. Use of osteopathic manipulative treatment with vaccination, antiviral therapy, and chemoprophylaxis has potential to save lives and reduce complications. The present article describes the role of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the management of influenza and highlights current issues surrounding the use of antiviral therapy.
A study on the improvement of age estimation in common minke whales using the method of gelatinized extraction of earplug
Authors: Maeda Hikari , Kawamoto Tadafumi , Kato Hidehiro
Published: August 2013

We attempted to settle the potential problems of bias caused by too soft earplugs and poor formation of the growth layers in age readings of common minke whales. Thus, we examined the feasibility of a new technique of incorporating gelatin in order to collect earplugs for age assessment. Frozen sectioning and histology of the earplug core were also used as methods to improve age estimation. Earplugs were collected by filling the space in the external auditory meatus with gelatin, hardening the gelatin, earplug and its fragments, by spraying with cooling gas, and removing the earplug embedded in gelatin. In 174 trials with common minke whales in the Western North Pacific of coastal waters of Japan in 2007–2009, it was revealed that embedding earplugs with gelatin minimized breakage and protected the neonatal line (NL). This method was particularly effective in younger animals. As a result, the readability was improved. We also examined the histological sections, which were sliced using the Kawamoto specialized frozen sectioning technique, and stained them separately with toluidine blue, haematoxylin and eosin, Sudan III, Sudan VII, and alizarin red S to display a clearer core surface image of the growth layers. The histological sections stained with alizarin red S provided the clearest images, in which we could easily identify both dark and pale laminations. This suggested a close relationship with the seasonal changes in calcium intake from feeding. Earlier age estimation methods focused on fat content in the growth layers; however, we found potential for an improvement in the readability of unclear growth layers when focusing on calcium.
A genetic comparison of West Greenland and Baffin Island (Canada) walruses: Management implications
Authors: Andersen Liselotte Wesley , Born Erik W , Stewart Robert EA , Dietz Rune , Doidge DW , Lanthier Clement
Published: August 2013

Until recently Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) have been subject to relatively intense exploitation in West Greenland. Animals in this stock have also been hunted in Nunavut/Canada. However, the demographic identity of these animals and their connection with walruses in neighbouring areas is poorly resolved, hampering the determination of sustainable harvest levels. It has been suggested that walruses in West Greenland are genetically linked with walruses at SE Baffin Island (Canada) where they are also hunted for subsistence purposes. To determine the relationship(s) between walruses in these areas we conducted a genetic analysis including recent samples from West Greenland, Southeast Baffin Island in western Davis Strait, Hudson Strait in Canada and Northwest Greenland in northern Baffin Bay. Seventeen microsatellite markers were applied to all samples. Walruses in West Greenland and at Southeast Baffin Island did not differ from each other and therefore may be regarded as belonging to the same stock. However, walruses in these two areas differed genetically from both Northwest Greenland and Hudson Strait walruses. These findings support (1) that there are subunits within the range of walruses in the Hudson Strait-Davis Strait-Baffin Bay region and (2) that walruses along E Baffin Island and W Greenland constitute a common population that receive some influx from Hudson Strait. Thus, sustainable catch levels in Southeast Baffin Island (Nunavut) and in West Greenland must be set in light of the finding that they belong to the same stock, which is exploited in these two areas. This requires Canadian-Greenlandic co-management of the W Greenland-SE Baffin Island walrus stock.
Role of Preoperative Sonography in the Diagnosis and Pathologic Staging of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Li Yanmi , Guo Aitao , Tang Jie , Wang Longxia , Wang Junyan , Yu Dejiang
Published: August 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sonographic features of pseudomyxoma peritonei and the ability of preoperative sonography to assess the pathologic grades of this disease.

Methods

Nineteen patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei who underwent preoperative sonographic examinations were included (9 male and 10 female; age range, 31–70 years). Four patients presented with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis, 7 with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis with intermediate or discordant features (intermediate‐grade disease), and 8 with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. The sonographic characteristics, clinical features, and serum tumor marker levels were recorded and compared among the 3 grades.

Results

Clinical symptoms and carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125 (CA‐125), CA‐19‐9, CA‐724, and CA‐153 levels were not significantly different among the 3 pathologic grades (P > .05). Ascites, scalloping of the visceral margin, invasive parenchymal nodules, and peritoneal masses were detected in all grades. Disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis occurred without the finding of an omental cake. The presence of enlarged lymph nodes was more common in peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. The diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei was made by preoperative sonography in 1 case. Four cases were diagnosed as ovarian mucinous cystadenoma with rupture. One case was diagnosed as a mucinous appendiceal cyst. Four cases were diagnosed as ascites or encapsulated effusion. One case was misdiagnosed as lymphoma. The others were diagnosed as celiac masses.

Conclusions

Preoperative sonography can be used to diagnose pseudomyxoma peritonei as long as radiologists are familiar with the imaging features. Although there are overlaps in the sonographic findings among the different grades, some features may aid in separating them.
Evaluation of Screening Whole‐Breast Sonography as a Supplemental Tool in Conjunction With Mammography in Women With Dense Breasts
Authors: Chae Eun Young , Kim Hak Hee , Cha Joo Hee , Shin Hee Jung , Kim Hyunji
Published: August 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use and performance of supplemental screening whole‐breast sonography in conjunction with mammography in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue.

Methods

A total of 28,796 asymptomatic women underwent screening mammography. Among 20,864 women with dense breasts (72%), 8359 underwent additional sonography as part of their screening examinations. We classified women with mammographically dense breasts into mammography‐only and mammography‐plus‐sonography groups. The reference standard was a combination of pathologic results and clinical follow‐up at 2 years. We compared the recall rate, cancer detection yield, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in each group.

Results

Among the 20,864 women with dense breasts, 35 cancers were diagnosed, with a mean size of 13 mm. The cancer detection yield was 0.480 per 1000 women in the mammography‐only group and increased to 2.871 in the mammography‐plus‐sonography group. Of 24 cancers detected in the mammography‐plus‐sonography group, the mean size was 11 mm, and the axillary lymph nodes were negative in 19 of 20. The sensitivity was significantly higher in the mammography‐plus‐sonography group than the mammography‐only group (100% versus 54.55%; P = .002). The positive predictive values of sonographically prompted biopsy were 11.1% for the mammography‐plus‐sonography group and 50% for the mammography‐only group.

Conclusions

Supplemental screening whole‐breast sonography increases the cancer detection yield by 2.391 cancers per 1000 women with dense breast tissue over that of mammography alone. It is beneficial for increased detection of breast cancers that are predominantly small and node negative; however, it also raises the number of false‐positive results.