bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Entererococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Çolak Meltem , Evcil Sinan , Bayindir Y. Ziya , Yigit Nimet
Published: July 2019

The in vitro reduction of a bacterial population in a root canal by mechanical instrumentation using three techniques was evaluated. Root canals inoculated with a Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspension were instrumented using hand Hedstroem files, Giromatic files, and Hero 642 rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed using sterile saline solution. Root canals were sampled before and after instrumentation. After serial dilutions, samples were plated onto Mitis-Salivarius agar and the colony forming units grown were counted. All instruments tested were able to significantly reduce the number of bacterial cells in the root canal, however, the results of this study indicated that Hedstroem files, Giromatic, and Hero 642 techniques were not significantly different in their ability to reduce intracanal bacteria.

Citation

Colak M, Evcil S, Bayindir Y, Yigit N. The Effectiveness of Three Instrumentation Techniques on the Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis from a Root Canal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:094-106.
The Influence of Some Dentin Primers on Calcium Hydroxide Lining Cement
Authors: El-Araby Alaa , Al-Jabab Abed
Published: July 2019

Dentin primer is applied as a routine procedure prior to bonding to improve the sealing properties of direct polymerizing resins. Some primers contain acetone or alcohol that may affect the properties of calcium hydroxide liner which is placed as a direct or indirect pulp cap. If calcium hydroxide is softened or smeared over the cavity walls, the bonding will be impaired. Therefore, if this occurs, the cement must be removed, the walls must be cleansed, and the procedure must be repeated with careful application of dentin primer.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the wear and compressive strength of a calcium hydroxide liner after exposure to different kinds of dentin primers for different periods of time.

Methods

The calcium hydroxide used in this study was Dycal™. It was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions and placed in plastic rings of 0.5 mm x 5 mm and allowed to set at 37°C for 15 min under 500 gm load. To determine erosion, the height for each sample before and after application of primers was recorded using a Digital Height Measuring Instrument “Digmar” 817. Compressive strength specimens were also prepared.

Results

Calcium hydroxide treated with Optibond (alcohol based) or Syntac (acetone based) for 1 min or 5 min had the highest erosion values and the lowest compressive strength values. Gluma CPs (water based primer) had the least effect on calcium hydroxide values.

Citation

El-Araby A, Al-Jabab A. The Influence of Some Dentin Primers on Calcium Hydroxide Lining Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:001-009.
Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Tongue Masquerading as Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Carnelio Sunitha , Rodrigues Gabriel
Published: July 2019

Lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue is a very rare benign lymphoproliferative lesion that closely resembles carcinoma or lymphoma, clinically or histopathologically. A case of benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH) of the tongue is reported. Clinically this lesion presented as a painless ulcer, which mimicked carcinoma of the tongue. Microscopy showed typical histologic features of multiple germinal centers with a rim of small mature lymphocytes together with a mixed, mainly mononuclear infiltrate which clinched the diagnosis of benign lymphoid hyperplasia. This diagnosis averted extensive investigations and major surgery. The etiology of these lesions is unknown. Their distinction from carcinoma and lymphoma is discussed.

Citation

Carnelio S, Rodrigues G. Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Tongue Masquerading as Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:111-119.
Fracture Resistance of Premolar Teeth Restored with Different Filling Techniques
Authors: Martins Luís Roberto Marcondes , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini , Worschech Claudia Cia , Lovadino José Roberto
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to verify the fracture resistance of premolars with large mesiocclusodistal (MOD) preparations with composite resin using different incremental techniques when subjected to an occlusal load. Forty maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Class II MOD cavities were prepared in all specimens with parallel walls and no approximal boxes. The resulting isthmus width was 1/3 the distance between the cusp tips and 3/4 the height of the crown. Teeth in group I, the control group, were not restored. Specimens in group II were restored in three incremental vertical layers. Group III specimens were restored in three horizontal layers, and finally, specimens in group IV were restored in oblique layers. With exception of the placement technique, specimens in groups II, III and IV were restored using the Single Bond adhesive system and P60 composite resin following manufacturer's recommendations. A 4 mm diameter steel sphere contacted the buccal and lingual cusps of the tested teeth at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. The values obtained in this study were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey–Kramer test. Only group I (non-restored) obtained a minor means of fracture resistance. No significant differences among groups II, III, and IV were found. This study shows on large MOD cavities the incremental filling techniques do not influence the fracture resistance of premolar teeth restored with composite resin.

Citation

França FMG, Worschech CC, Paulillo LAMS, Martins LRM, Lovadino JR. Fracture Resistance of Premolar Teeth Restored with Different Filling Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:062-069.
Lifestyle and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in Mexican Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Casanova-Rosado Juan Fernando , Medina-Solfs Carlo Eduardo , Vallejos-Sánchez Ana Alicia , Casanova-Rosado Alejandro José , Maupomé Gerardo , Avila-Burgos Leticia
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine: (1) the prevalence of tooth loss in persons living in community dwellings and (2) the strength of the association identified between tooth loss experience and the psychosocial factors of lifestyle, stress, and anxiety.

Material And Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in a convenience sample where data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires of lifestyle and psychosocial factors (stress and anxiety) and a clinical examination. A total of 516 subjects aged 14-30 years of age were included in the study. Subjects had a visual dental examination. Prevalence and mean of tooth loss were calculated excluding third molars, and their related factors were adjusted in a binary logistic regression.

Results

Mean age of participants was 17.4±3.0 years; 45.5% were men. The prevalence of tooth loss (when at least one tooth was lost) was 20.5%. Among the 516 persons, a total of 201 teeth were lost with a mean tooth loss 0.39±0.95 overall. Mean tooth loss in subjects with at least one missing tooth was 1.90±1.26 teeth. Results adjusted by anxiety in the multivariate logistic regression model showed tooth loss was associated with lifestyle (OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.17 – 3.24), age (OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.64 – 4.26), and Angle's malocclusion II and III (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.67 – 4.90). A slight association toward tooth loss was observed (p<0.10) in the sex and stress variables.

Conclusions

Lifestyle and tooth loss have a substantial association. According to age group, these results suggest tooth loss is an oral health problem in the study population.

Citation

Casanova-Rosado JF, Medina-Solis CE, Vallejos-Sanchez AA, Casanova-Rosado AJ, Maupomé G, Avila-Burgos L. Lifestyle and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in Mexican Adolescents and Young Adults. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:070-077.
Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Chewing Sticks
Authors: Ndukwe Kizito Chioma , Okeke Iruka N. , Lamikanra Adebayo , Adesina Simeon K. , Aboderin Oladipo
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity in extracts obtained from various Nigerian chewing sticks. Aqueous extracts from seventeen chewing sticks and the fruit of C. ferruginea, one fruit used in oral hygiene in Nigeria, were screened for antibacterial activity against type cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eleven of the test extracts showed activity against at least two of these referenced organisms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these eleven extracts against clinical isolates from orofacial infection were determined. All the extracts demonstrated activity against Staphylococcal and Streptococcal isolates. Over half of the extracts were active against Enterobacteriaceae and obligate anaerobic isolates, including Prevotella melaninogenica, Porphyromonas gigivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus prevotii. Extracts of the Vitellaria paradoxa root, Bridellia ferruginea stem and twigs, Garcinia cola stem, Terminalia glaucescens root, Morinda lucida root, and Cnestis ferruginea fruit showed appreciable activity against all classes of bacterial isolates. The extracts of these plants may serve as sources for chemotherapeutic agents for the management of orofacial infections.

Citation

Ndukwe KC, Okeke IN, Lamikanra A, Adesina SK, Aboderin O. Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Chewing Sticks. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:086-094.
Fiber-reinforced Composite Fixed Partial Denture to Restore Missing Posterior Teeth: A Case Report
Authors: Coccia Erminia , Rappelli Giorgio
Published: July 2019

In patients refusing implant surgery for psychological reasons, when minimal tooth reduction is desired, a fiberreinforced composite inlay fixed partial denture (IFPD) can be used to replace missing teeth. In comparison to other restorative systems this conservative approach carries a lower risk of pulp exposure and/or periodontal inflammation, maintaining the health of supporting tissues. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical procedure for fabricating an IFPD with a pre-impregnated glass fiber system and a hybrid composite. Fiber-reinforced composite, in combination with adhesive techniques, appears promising for an IFPD. Further clinical investigation will be required to provide additional information on this technique.

Citation

Rappelli G, Coccia E. Fiber-reinforced Composite Fixed Partial Denture to Restore Missing Posterior Teeth: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November;(6)4:168-177.
Oral Health Status in a Population of Nigerian Diabetics
Authors: Fatusi Olawunmi A. , Ogunbodede Eyitope O. , Akintomide Anthony , Kolawole Kikelomo , Ajayi Adesuyi
Published: July 2019

Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus have been documented, but the effect of glycemic control on the oral tissues has been scantily reported. The oral health status of 65 metabolically controlled adult diabetic patients attending the Diabetes Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, was prospectively assessed over six months and compared with that of 54 non-diabetic acting as controls. The mean duration of diabetes was 100.5±85.1 months. The difference in periodontal status of the patients and control, assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), was not statistically significant (p=0.07). The degree of hyposalivation between the two groups was, however, statistically significant (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the altered taste, burning mouth sensation, angular cheilitis, glossitis, and stomatitis status of the two groups. We conclude that, with adequate metabolic control, the oral health status of a diabetic may not be significantly different from that of a non-diabetic except for xerostomia. A good understanding of the interactions between systemic diseases and oral health is imperative for physicians and dental practitioners. The need for early detection and closer linkages between the dental and medical professions in managing diabetic patients is emphasized.

Citation

Ogunbodede EO, Fatusi OA, Akintomide A, Kolawole K, Ajayi A. Oral Health Status in a Population of Nigerian Diabetics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November;(6)4:075-084.
An Application of a Splint Purposeful Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Denture after Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Baydaş Bülent , Denizoğlu Saip
Published: July 2019

An adult male patient who had lost his maxillary left central incisor seven years ago in a traffic accident presented with a chief complaint about his unaesthetic appearance associated with the loss of his maxillary left central incisor space, a Class III molar occlusion, and an anterior open bite malocclusion due to tonguethrust swallowing. Fixed orthodontic treatment was rendered following fan-type expansion of the maxilla. A Maryland bridge as a minimally invasive dentistry approach was used as a retention appliance and the patient's aesthetic appearance was restored.

Citation

Baydaş B, Denizoğlu S. An Application of a Split Purposeful Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Denture after Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:141-149.
The Attachment of V79 and Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces Following Treatment with EDTA, Citric Acid, or Tetracycline HCL: An SEM in vitro Study
Authors: Chandra R. Viswa , Jagetia Ganesh Chandra , Bhat K. Mahalinga
Published: July 2019

Objective

The present in vitro study has been designed to establish and compare the effects of citric acid, EDTA, and tetracycline HCl on human periodontally diseased roots on the structure, attachment, and orientation of V79 (primary Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts) cells and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDL).

Materials and Methods

Commercially availableV79 cells and HPDL derived from healthy human third molars were used in this study. These fibroblasts were left in solution for seven days in order to attain confluence. Forty single-rooted teeth were obtained from patients diagnosed with periodontitis. The crown part was removed under constant irrigation and the root was split vertically into two equal halves, thus, yielding 80 specimens. Following scaling and root planing, the specimens were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and kept in 50 μg/ml gentamycin sulphate solution for 24 hours. The root pieces were then treated as follows: citric acid at pH 1, 24% EDTA, or with a 10% solution of tetracycline HCl and were then placed in V79 fibroblast cultures and HPDL cultures. The specimens were harvested after four weeks and were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in PBS before preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

The behavior of V79 cells was similar to that of human periodontal ligament cells on root conditioned surfaces. V79 and HPDL showed a healthy morphology on root surfaces treated with citric acid and EDTA and a relatively unhealthy appearance on root surfaces treated with tetracycline HCl and distilled water (control group).

Conclusion

The results suggest the use of citric acid and EDTA as root conditioning agents favorably affects the migration, attachment, and morphology of fibroblasts on human root surfaces, which may play a significant role in periodontal healing and regeneration.

Citation

Chandra RV, Jagetia GC, Bhat KM. The Attachment of V79 and Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts on Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces Following Treatment with EDTA, Citric Acid, or Tetracycline HCL: An SEM in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:044-059.
A Clinical Evaluation of Anorganic Bovine Bone Graft Plus 10% Collagen with or without a Barrier in the Treatment of Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Reddy Krishnanjaneya Pathakota , Nayak Dilip Gopinath , Uppoor A Ashita Sadananda
Published: July 2019

The use of bone replacement grafts with barrier membranes in class II furcation defects are aimed at improving the outcome of the regenerative technique. In this regard, however, there is a paucity of studies comparing the results obtained with bone grafts alone or in combination with barrier membranes. The aim of this study was to clinically compare an anorganic bovine bone graft plus 10% collagen (BO) with or without a bioresorbable collagen barrier (BG) in human mandibular molar class II furcation defects.

Methods and Materials

Twenty mandibular class II furcation defects (ten patients with bilateral defects) were treated either with BO (group I) or a combination of BO/BG (group II). Each defect was randomly assigned to either group I or group II. The soft tissue and hard tissue measurements including vertical probing depth (VPD), horizontal probing depth (HPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), vertical depth of furcation defect (VDF), and horizontal depth of furcation defect (HDF) were recorded at baseline and six months after surgery.

Results

Both treatment procedures resulted in statistically significant reduction in VPD and HPD, gain in CAL, and reduction in VDF and HDF. There was a statistically significant difference between group I and group II in all soft and hard tissue parameters with the exception of VPD reduction and gingival recession.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest superior clinical results with BO/BG treatment when compared to BO treatment in mandibular class II furcation defects.

Citation

Reddy KP, Nayak DG, Uppoor A AS. A Clinical Evaluation of Anorganic Bovine Bone Graft Plus 10% Collagen with or without a Barrier in the Treatment of Class II Furcation Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:060-070.
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Machado R.A. , Silveira R. Lanes , Borges H.O.I , Filho A.M. Bourguignon , de Oliveira M. Gerhardt
Published: July 2019

Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication that may occur after mid-face injuries or following soft and hard tissue surgery around the eyes. The cardinal signs and symptoms of retrobulbar hemorrhage are pain, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, a progression of increasing proptosis, and decreasing visual acuity leading to blindness. The diagnosis can be confirmed with computed tomography (CT) of the orbit or with ocular ultrasound. These diagnostic images are also important to define the size of the hematoma. This report describes a traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage. In this case there were no signs of acute visual loss, and conservative treatment was possible without surgical intervention.

Citation

Machado RA, Silveira RL, Borges HOI, Filho AMB, de Oliveira G. Retrobulbar Hemorrhage: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:130-136.
Bond Strength of Total-Etch Dentin Adhesive Systems on Peripheral and Central Dentinal Tissue: A Microtensile Bond Strength Test
Authors: Yeşilyurt C. , Bulucu B.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μ TBS) of four total-etch adhesives [Excite (EB), Prime & Bond NT (PBNT), Single Bond (SB), and One Coat Bond (OCB)] by comparing them to five self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB), Xeno III (X III), Prompt L-Pop (PLP), AQ Bond (AQB), and Tyrian/One Step plus (TOSP)] at different dentinal areas. In addition the interface between the adhesive resins and dentin was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods and Materials

Superficial occlusal dentin of extracted human molars was exposed and finished with wet 800-grit silicon carbide paper. A block of composite resin was then bonded to the molar samples with the above adhesives according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After 24 hours in water at 37°C, the specimens were sectioned into 1 mm thick slices and divided into two regional subgroups according to their relationship to pulp tissue using visual criteria: pulp center and pulp periphery. The slices were then trimmed for the microtensile bond test and subjected to a tensile force and crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Two-way analysis of variance was performed for statistical analyses. In addition the bond strengths for nine adhesive systems for each dentinal area were compared using the Post-Hoc test. The resin-dentin interfaces for each adhesive system were observed under a SEM.

Results

Mean μ TBS ranged from (25.2 MPa) for TOSP to (48.9 MPa) for PBNT. The bond strengths of total-etch adhesive systems were not significantly different, and were higher than self-etch adhesive systems, except for CSEB (p<0.05). No significant regional difference was observed for all of the nine adhesive systems (p>0.05). SEM observation showed there is not a standard hybridization for adhesive systems.

Conclusion

Different dentinal areas may not exhibit as great an influence on bond strengths using new adhesive systems.

Citation

Yeşilyurt C, Bulucu B. Bond Strength of Total-Etch and Self-Etch Dentin Adhesive Systems on Peripheral and Central Dentinal Tissue: A Microtensile Bond Strength Test. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:026-036.
Prevalence of Dental Caries, Severity, and Pattern in Age 6 to 7-Year-old Children in a Selected Community in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Malik Manal Ibrahim , Rehbini Yasser Abdulla
Published: July 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and pattern of dental caries in 6 to 7- year-old children in military primary schools in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.

Methods and Materials

A random sample of 300 children (6 to 7-year-olds) was drawn from six schools of military dependents. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by two trained and calibrated examiners (MAM) and (YR). Caries were diagnosed using the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) criteria.

Results

Caries were diagnosed in 288 (96%) of the children, and only 4% were clinically caries free. Mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) for the 300 children was 8.06 (+ 4.04) per child and mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) was 23.18 (+ 15.64). The teeth most affected by caries were mandibular primary second molars (83.35%), and the least affected were mandibular primary central incisors (1.15%).

Conclusions

The level of caries was higher than seen in children of equivalent age in other studies. The level of caries is expected to increase in permanent dentition. The above findings stress the need for an effective program of oral prevention in these children, such as a school dental health education program for children and their parents in order to improve their oral health status.

Citation

Al-Malik MI, Rehbini YA. Prevalence of Dental Caries, Severity, and Pattern in Age 6 to 7-Year-old Children in a Selected Community in Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:046-054.
Fixed Space Maintainers Combined with Open-Face Stainless Steel Crowns
Authors: Yilmax Yucel , Kocoguliari M. Elcin , Beiduz Nihal
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study investigates the clinical performance of fixed space maintainers placed on seriously damaged abutment teeth.

Methods

Crowns were placed on damaged abutment primary teeth. Fixed space maintainers were prepared by using rectangular wire between the window in the facial surface of the crowns and other abutment teeth and were subsequently bonded with a flowable resin composite. This procedure was introduced clinically, and the cases were observed over a period of twelve months.

Results

Twenty-seven fixed space maintainers (25 on lower jaw, two on upper jaw) were included in this study. No clinical failure was recorded in any of the cases in the observation time, and the rate of clinical performance was 100%.

Conclusion

The study shows the effectiveness of fixed space maintainers combined with stainless steel crowns (“open-face fixed space maintainers”) which were placed on primary molar teeth used as abutments in cases with extensive caries and loss of occlusogingival dimension.

Citation

Yilmaz Y, Kocogullari ME, Belduz N. Fixed Space Maintainers Combined with open-face Stainless Steel Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:095-103.
Primary Canine and Molar Relationships in Centric Occlusion in Three to Six Year-Old Turkish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Gürbüz Taşkin , Şimşek Sera , Dalmiş Anya
Published: July 2019

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the primary canine and the primary molar relationship in 205 (90 girls and 115 boys) three to six year-old Turkish children with the primary dentition in centric occlusion according to gender and age. In terms of the molar relationship, Class I was represented by 88.29% of all children who agreed to participate in the study, followed by Class II (7.31%), and Class III (4.4%). In terms of the canine relationship, Class I was represented by 87.8% of the sample, followed by Class II (7.8%), and Class III (4.4%). A statistically significant difference was found between age and both the canine and molar relationships (p<0.005), and a positive correlation was confirmed among them. However, the difference and correlation between the gender and the canine and molar relationships were not significant.

Citation

Yilmaz Y, Gürbüz T, Şimşek S, Dalmiş A. Primary Canine and Molar Relationships in Centric Occlusion in Three to Six Year-Old Turkish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 July;(7)3:059-066.
Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population
Authors: Al-Hamad Khaled Q. , Al-Omari Mohamed , Al-Wahadni Ahed , Darwazeh Azmi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The objective of this study was to radiographically assess and compare the quality of post-retained crowns fabricated at the Dental Health Centre of the Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST).

Methods and Materials

Study data were collected in 2002 from existing dental records for all patients receiving treatment with post-retained crowns between October, 1997 and June, 1999. The posts were assessed radiographically to evaluate various aspects of the quality of post-retained crowns. All 129 posts were fabricated in the dental school.

Results

The most-frequently restored teeth were the maxillary incisors (38.8%). Sixty-two percent of the posts were tapered, while 38% were parallel-sided. The mean length of the posts was 0.95 mm (SD 0.41) with a range between 0.22-2.85 mm. Caries was diagnosed radiographically in 10.8% of cases with lesions located on root surfaces in 64.3% of them, while 35.7% of lesions were within the root canal. Three posts (2.3%) were deviated from the line of the root canal in the mesio-distal plane. No evidence of root filling was found in 2.3% of the cases. In the remainder of teeth 15.5% had gutta percha extended to the radiographic apex of the tooth, while 59.7% fell 0.5-1 mm short of the radiographic apex. Gutta-percha was extruded beyond the apex in 22.5% of the teeth. Space between the end of the post and the root filling was found in 22.2%. The percentage of canals with apparently completely healthy periapical tissue was 51.2%. In the rest of the cases 34.8% had areas of radiolucency at or near the root apices and 14% demonstrated widening of the periodontal space around the root apex. Root resection had been completed in 2.3% cases. Signs of external resorption were apparent in one case (0.78%).

Conclusion

The standards of the treatment of the endodontically treated teeth made at the dental hospital were satisfactory but could be improved by a controlled academic supervisory environment and a strict scientific approach to fixed prosthodontics within the dental school.

Citation

Al-Hamad KQ, Al-Omari M, Al-Wahadni A, Darwazeh A. Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:029-036.
Antimicrobial Efficiency of Some Antiseptic Products on Endodontic Micoflora Isolated from Gangrenous Pulp Tissue
Authors: Shurrab Mahmoud Yousif
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aims of the study are to investigate the bactericidal effect of three antiseptics (chlorhexidine solution, povidone-iodine solution, and Walkhoff solution) and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and their effect on different microbial species.

Methods and Materials

The study was performed on microflora derived from root canals with simple and complicated pulp gangrene and on pure strains of Enterococcus and Candida albicans.

Results

Chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine proved to have antibacterial and antifungal effects if used in the treatment of pulp gangrene and in cases not responding to conventional therapy.

Conclusion

According to the obtained results, the spectrum of antibacterial agents used in infected canal irrigation can be enlarged to include the agents tested.

Citation

Shurrab MY. Antimicrobial Efficiency of Some Antiseptic Products on Endodontic Microflora Isolated from Gangrenous Pulp Tissue. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:053-062.
A Review of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress: Current Techniques for Posterior Direct Resin Restorations
Authors: Giachetti Luca , Russo Daniele Scaminaci , Bambi Claudia , Grandini Romano
Published: July 2019

In general excellent results cannot be guaranteed when using resin-based composites for posterior restorations. This is due to polymerization shrinkage which can still be regarded as the primary negative characteristic of composite resins.

A review of available literature regarding the polymerization process, its flaws, and suggested strategies to avoid shrinkage stress was conducted.

Several factors responsible for the polymerization process may negatively affect the integrity of the tooth-restoration complex. There is no straightforward way of handlling adhesive restorative materials that can guarantee the reliability of a restoration. At present, the practitioner has to coexist with the problem of polymerization shrinkage and destructive shrinkage stress. However, evolving improvements associated with resin-based composite materials, dental adhesives, filling, and light curing techniques have improved the predictability of such restorations.

This critical review paper is meant to be a useful contribution to the recognition and understanding of problems related to polymerization shrinkage and to provide clinicians with the opportunity to improve the quality of composite resin restorations.

Citation

Giachetti L, Scaminaci Russo D, Bambi C, Grandini R. A Review of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress: Current Techniques for Posterior Direct Resin Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:079-088.
Primary Tuberculosis Clinically Presenting as Gingival Enlargement: A Case Report
Authors: Karthikeyan B.V. , Pradeep A.R. , Sharma C.G. Dileep
Published: July 2019

Tuberculosis is a chronic systemic granulomatous disease which rarely affects the oral cavity. Oral lesions can be either primary or secondary to systemic tuberculosis, the former being rare. This is a never-before reported case of primary tuberculosis presenting as a localized diffuse gingival enlargement in an 11-year-old Indian female patient. The diagnosis was reached through identification of positive histopathological features, Tuberculin test results, presence of anti-tubercular antibodies confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction. In view of the recent increase in the incidence of tuberculosis and the prevalence of the same, it is reasonable to include tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of gingival enlargements. This is essential to avoid any serious complications for both the clinician and patient due to a delay in the diagnosis of such a rare but plausible oral condition.

Citation

Sharma CGD, Pradeep AR, Karthikeyan BV. Primary Tuberculosis Clinically Presenting as Gingival Enlargement: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:108-114.
Microleakage of Seven Adhesive Systems in Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Ogliari Fabrício Aulo , Piva Evandro , Demarco Flávio Fernando , de Araújo Camila Silveira , da Silva Thiago Incerti , Meireles Sonia Saeger
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of seven adhesive systems on two substrates (enamel and dentin).

Methods and Materials

Class V cavities were performed in buccal and lingual surfaces of 56 bovine incisors. The cervical margin was located in dentin and the incisal margin in enamel. The specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (n=16), according to the adhesive system employed: Single Bond; Excite; One Step Plus; Gluma One Bond; Magic Bond; One Up Bond F; and One Coat Bond. The cavities were incrementally filled with a hybrid composite Filtek Z250 and polymerized with a XL 3000 light curing unit. After polishing, the specimens were submitted to thermal cycling followed by dye immersion. Leakage was evaluated under magnification (40X) based on a standard ranking. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis).

Results

Enamel margins exhibited lower leakage than dentin margins (p<0.01). The majority of the specimens were leakage-free and materials performed similarly. Conversely, in dentin most of the specimens exhibited the highest leakage degree and significant differences among materials (p<0.05) were found, with Excite exhibiting the lowest leakage degree. It was concluded enamel provided better sealing and the adhesive system was a significant factor only in dentin.

Citation

Silveira de Araújo C, Incerti da Silva T, Ogliari FA, Meireles SS, Piva E, Demarco FF. Microleakage of Seven Adhesive Systems in Enamel and Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:026-033.
Geometric and Mathematical Proportions and their Relations to Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Fayyad Mohammed Ali , Jamani Kifah Dafi , Aqrabawi Jamal
Published: July 2019

Aim

One of the critical aspects of esthetic dentistry is creating geometric or mathematical proportions to relate the successive widths of the anterior teeth. The golden proportion, the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and the golden percentage are theories introduced in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of the golden proportion, RED proportion, and the golden percentage between the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth in individuals with natural dentition.

Methods and Materials

Standardized frontal images of 376 dental student smiles were captured. The images were transferred to a personal computer, the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth were measured, and calculations were made according to each of the above mentioned theories. The data were statistically analyzed using paired student T-test (level of significance P<0.05).

Results

The golden proportion was found to be accurate between the width of the right central and lateral incisors in 31.3% of men and 27.1% of women. The values of the RED proportion were not constant, and the farther the one moves distally from the midline the higher the values. Furthermore, the results revealed the golden percentage was rather constant in terms of relative tooth width. The width of the central incisor represents 23%, the lateral incisor 15%, and the canine 12% of the width of the six maxillary anterior teeth as viewed from the front.

Conclusions

Both the golden proportion and the RED proportion are unsuitable methods to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth. However, the golden percentage theory seems to be applicable to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth if percentages are adjusted taking into consideration the ethnicity of the population.

Citation

Ali Fayyad M, Jamani KD, Aqrabawi J. Geometric and Mathematical Proportions and their Relations to Maxillary Anterior Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:062-070.
Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium- Aluminum-Vanadium Alloy Cast Restorations
Authors: Al Wazzan Khalid A. , Al-Nazzawi Ahmad A.
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the marginal accuracy and internal fit of complete cast crowns and three-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) cast with commercially pure titanium (CPTi) and Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V).

Methods and Materials

CPTi and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were used to cast twelve single crowns and twelve three-unit FPDs. A traveling microscope was used to measure marginal gap and discrepancies in internal fit. Two and oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses were used to determine the effects of the marginal and internal fit discrepancies.

Results

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy demonstrated a significantly smaller marginal gap than CPTi (P<0.0001). The recorded marginal discrepancies for both metals were within a clinically accepted range (<100 ìm). The single crown fit discrepancy was significantly smaller than the three-unit FPD for both the CPTi and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (P<0.0001). For the internal fit discrepancy, the occlusal surface showed the greatest gaps.

Conclusions

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy demonstrated a better fit than CPTi. Single crowns showed an improved fit when compared with the three-unit FPD. Mid-occlusal internal gap demonstrated greater values than the axial internal gap.

Clinical Implications

This in vitro study suggested marginal fit of complete crowns and three-unit FPDs cast by CPTi or Ti-6Al-4V alloy were within the range of what is clinically acceptable for longevity of restorations.

Citation

Al Wazzan KA, Al-Nazzawi AA. Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Commercially Pure Titanium and Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium Alloy Cast Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:019-026.
Tongue Piercing: Case Report of a Local Complication
Authors: Shinohara Elio Hitoshi , Horikawa Fernando Kendi , Ruiz Marcelo Martinson , Shinohara Mauro Tadachi
Published: July 2019

Historically, wearing adornments on pierced body parts has been associated with many cultures as manifestations of religious or cultural identities. Currently, its use has a broad acceptance among young people. The most common sites for piercings are the tongue and lower lip in the oral cavity. Several complications may be associated with this practice with the most frequently observed being halitosis, periodontitis, tooth fracture, glossitis, and the formation of abscesses. This paper is a case report of a patient who had a complication from a piercing on the tongue located under the overlying mucosa. It also suggests a local habit was a possible initiator of this complication.

Citation

Shinohara EH, Horikawa FK, Ruiz MM, Shinohara MT. Tongue Piercing: Case Report of a Local Complication. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:083-089.
Long-term Uncontrolled Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Şengün Dilek , Hatipoğlu Hasan , Hatipoğlu Müjgan Güngör
Published: July 2019

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare condition characterized by varying degrees of gingival hyperplasia. Gingival fibromatosis usually occurs as an isolated disorder or can be associated with a variety of other syndromes.

A 33-year-old male patient who had a generalized severe gingival overgrowth covering two thirds of almost all maxillary and mandibular teeth is reported. A mucoperiosteal flap was performed using interdental and crevicular incisions to remove excess gingival tissues and an internal bevel incision to reflect flaps. The patient was treated 15 years ago in the same clinical facility using the same treatment strategy. There was no recurrence one year following the most recent surgery.

Citation

Şengün D, Hatipoğlu H, Hatipoğlu MG. Long-term Uncontrolled Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:090-096.
Effect of Centripetal and Incremental Methods in Class II Composite Resin Restorations on Gingival Microleakage
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh , Tahvildarnejad Najmeh
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage at gingival margins below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of Class II composite restorations using various placement techniques.

Methods and Materials

Sound human maxillary premolars were selected. Eighty slot-style cavities on the mesial or distal surfaces were prepared with the cervical margins located apical to the CEJ. The specimens were divided into two groups based on the restorative technique utilized (centripetal or incremental). Each group was then categorized into two subgroups according to the type of matrix used resulting in a total of four experimental groups as follows: IP=Incremental and Palodent matrix, IT = Incremental and Transparent matrix, CP = Centripetal and Palodent matrix, and CT = Centripetal and Transparent matrix.

Following restoration with a total etch adhesive (Single Bond) and a resin composite (Z100), the teeth were thermocycled. Then specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C. Sectioned restorations were examined under a stereomicroscope (40X magnification), and the extent of the microleakage was scored and recorded. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test (P=0.05).

Results

In the four groups of the study no significant differences in the mean rank of microleakage were observed (p>0.05).

Conclusion

When the gingival margin was located on cementum, the kind of matrix and filling technique did not reduce the microleakage.

Citation

Ghavamnasiri M, Moosavi H, Tahvildarnejad N. Effect of Centripetal and Incremental Methods in Class II Composite Resin Restorations on Gingival Microleakage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:113-120.
Split-increment Technique: An Alternative Approach for Large Cervical Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Hassan Khamis A. , Khier Salwa E.
Published: July 2019

Aim

This article proposes and describes the split-increment technique as an alternative for placement of composite resin in large cervical carious lesions which extend onto the root surface.

Technique

Two flat 1.5 mm thick composite resin increments were used to restore these cervical carious lesions. Prior to light-curing, two diagonal cuts were made in each increment in order to split it into four triangular-shaped flat portions. The first increment was applied to cover the entire axial wall and portions of the four surrounding walls. The second increment was applied to fill the cavity completely covering the first one and the rest of the four surrounding walls as well as sealing all cavity margins.

Clinical Significance

This technique results in the reduction of the C-factor and the generated shrinkage stresses by directing the shrinking composite resin during curing towards the free, unbonded areas created by the two diagonal cuts. The proposed technique would also produce a more naturally looking restoration by inserting flat dentin and enamel increments of composite resin of a uniform thickness which closely resembles the arrangement of natural tooth structure.

Citation

Hassan KA, Khier SE. Split-increment Technique: An Alternative Approach for Large Cervical Composite Resin Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:121-128.
The Knoop Hardness of a Composite Resin Polymerized with Different Curing Lights and Different Modes
Authors: Yazici A. Rüya , Kugel Gerard , Gül Gülsün
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to compare the surface hardness of a hybrid composite resin polymerized with different curing lights.

Methods and Materials

Two 3.0 mm thick composite resin discs were polymerized in a prepared natural tooth mold using: (1) a conventional quartz-tungsten halogen light (QTH- Spectrum 800); (2) a high-intensity halogen light, Elipar Trilight (TL) - standard/exponential mode; (3) a high-intensity halogen light, Elipar Highlight (HL) - standard/soft-start mode; (4) a light-emitting diode, Elipar Freelight (LED); and (5) a plasma-arc curing light, Virtuoso (PAC). Exposure times were 40 seconds for the halogen and LED lights, and three and five seconds for the PAC light. Following polymerization, the Knoop hardness was measured at the bottom and the top surfaces of the discs.

Results

Significant differences were found between top and bottom Knoop Hardness number (KHN) values for all lights. The hardness of the top and bottom surfaces of both specimens cured by the PAC light was significantly lower than the other lights. No significant hardness differences were observed between the remaining curing units at the top of the 2.0 mm specimens. Significant differences were found between the LED and two modes of HL on the bottom surfaces. For the 3.0 mm thick samples, while significant differences were noted between LED and TL standard mode and between the two TL curing modes on the top, significant differences were only observed between QTH and the standard modes of TL and HL at the bottom.

Citation

Yazici AR, Kugel G, Gül G. The Knoop Hardness of a Composite Resin Polymerized with Different Curing Lights and Different Modes. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:052-059.
The Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Different Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: Arisu Hacer Deniz , Üçtaşli Mine Betül , Ömürlü Hüma , Eligüzeloğlu Evrim , Özcan Suat , Ergun Gülfem
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of thisin vitrostudy was to examine the effect of two different finishing systems on the surface roughness of different types of composite restorative materials.

Methods and Materials

Thirty specimens, 8 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth, were prepared using a microfill composite (Clearfil ST, Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), a hybrid composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), and a packable composite (Clearfil Photo Posterior, Kuraray Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) cured against a Mylar matrix strip to create a baseline surface. The average surface roughness was measured using a surface profilometer (Surftest 211, Mitutoyo, Japan) in five different positions on each sample before and after finishing with one of the two finishing systems [Sof-Lex discs (3M) and Po-Go (Dentsply)]. The obtained data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a p=0.05 significance level.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the average surface roughness (Ra, ìm) between the Mylar matrix strip, Sof-Lex discs, and Po-Go discs (p<0.05). For all tested materials, the Mylar matrix strip provided smoother surfaces than both of the finishing systems (p<0.05). When the finishing discs were compared, Sof-Lex discs produced a smoother surface than Po-Go discs for all tested materials (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The Mylar matrix strip provided a smoother surface than Sof-Lex and Po-Go discs. Furthermore, Sof-Lex discs produced smoother surfaces than Po-Go discs. Sof-Lex and Po-Go systems produced clinically acceptable surface roughness for microfill, hybrid, and packable composite resin materials. The effect of finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness was dependent on both the system and the composite resin restorative material.

Citation

Üçtaşli MB, Arisu HD, Ömürlü H, Eligüzeloğlu E, Özcan S, Ergun G. The Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Different Composite Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:089-096.