bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dwie księżne. Walka kobiet o władzę w Czechach początku X wieku
Authors: Nastalska-Wiśnicka Joanna
Published: April 2019

Według powszechnego przekonania w okresie średniowiecza kobiety miały niewielki udział w życiu politycznym. Ambitniejszym jednostkom udawało się jednak zdobyć wysoką pozycję w państwie i mieć znaczący wpływ na rządy. Wczesne dzieje Czech obfitują w postacie niepospolitych kobiet. Legendarnej Libuszy przypisuje się znaczący udział w powstaniu państwa czeskiego. Także na początku X wieku dwie kobiety odegrały ważną rolę w wydarzeniach dziejowych. Po śmierci księcia Wratysława (†921) doszło do konfliktu pomiędzy jego matką Ludmiłą a żoną Drahomirą. Ambitne kobiety zabiegały o regencję w imieniu małoletniego Wacława. Spór dotyczył jego wychowania, kwestii religijnych i politycznych. Zakończył się dramatycznie – uduszeniem starszej z kobiet na polecenie synowej i przejęciem przez nią rządów. Sytuacja ta wskazuje, że kobiety w walce o władzę potrafiły być równie bezwzględne jak mężczyźni, a śmierć księżnej stała się pierwszym aktem czeskiej gry o tron, jaka rozegrała się w początkach X wieku.
Równi czy różni? Współczesne dylematy edukacji dziecka
Authors: Bałachowicz Józefa
Published: April 2019

Pilna potrzeba zmiany współczesnej szkoły jest przedmiotem debat podejmowanych w gronie pedagogów, ekspertów z innych dziedzin wiedzy oraz rodziców. Autorka, odwołując się do dwóch kategorii: równości i różnicy, zwraca uwagę na potrzebę podmiotowego i spersonalizowanego podejścia do edukacji dziecka, aby mogło rozwijać indywidualne i społeczne kompetencje potrzebne do życia w demokratycznym społeczeństwie i udziału w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy. Jej zdaniem niezbędne jest w Polsce zbudowanie edukacji elastycznej, odejście od powielania jednakowych wzorów wymagań i wzorów osobowych, „produkcji identycznej wiedzy”, a raczej nastawienie na program spersonalizowany, maksymalizujący indywidualne możliwości, ale przy tworzeniu warunków do wspólnego działania, konstruowanie znaczeń i rozwijania relacji społecznych itp.
Prawa dziecka – od teraźniejszości ku przyszłości
Authors: Kowalik-Olubińska Małgorzata
Published: April 2019

Artykuł porusza kwestię praw dziecka w ujęciu historycznym, w obecnej dobie i w przyszłości. Na wstępie znajduje się zwięzły opis historyczny rozwoju pojęcia ochrony praw dziecka i jego promowania. W dalszych częściach artykułu znajdziemy rozważania w obszarze trzech najważniejszych i powiązanych ze sobą kwestii dotyczących praw dziecka. Dotyczy to m.in. znalezienia równowagi między prawami i wolnościami dziecka zawartymi w Konwencji o Prawach Dziecka a prawami i wolnościami rodziców oraz związku między autonomią i odpowiedzialnością. Autorka odnosi się również do potrzeby rewizji i reformy praw dziecka.
Tok postępowania dyscyplinarnego przeciwko funkcjonariuszom wymiaru sprawiedliwości II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle akt Komisji Dyscyplinarnej
Authors: Małek Robert
Published: April 2019

Jednym z ustawowych obowiązków sądów apelacyjnych w latach 1922–1939 było funkcjonowanie przy nich komisji dyscyplinarnych, które zajmowały się przekroczeniami, uchybieniami czy przestępstwami urzędników państwowych. W artykule przedstawiono aspekt ustawodawczy oraz fragmenty dokumentacji Sądu Apelacyjnego w Lublinie (zespół 870 Archiwum Państwowego w Lublinie), prezentujące praktyczną stronę realizacji tych założeń. Jako przedstawiciela funkcjonariuszy państwowych wybrano komornika.
Miejsca obrad sejmików województw Wielkopolski właściwej od XVI do XVIII wieku
Authors: Zwierzykowski Michał , Tacka Ewa
Published: April 2019

Artykuł stanowi pierwszą w historiografii próbę syntetycznego ujęcia zagadnienia lokalizacji obrad zgromadzeń sejmikowych tzw. Wielkopolski właściwej w epoce wczesnonowożytnej, z uwzględnieniem jej genezy i przemian. Powstał w oparciu o dotychczasowe, nieliczne i rozproszone ustalenia zawarte w literaturze, a przede wszystkim na podstawie analizy obszernego, wydanego już drukiem, materiału źródłowego dotyczącego sejmików województw poznańskiego i kaliskiego. Autorzy starali się ukazać nie tylko podstawy zwyczajowe i prawne lokalizacji obrad, miejsca, w których na przestrzeni trzech stuleci obradowała szlachta wielkopolska, ale również przedstawić nieco szczegółów związanych ze zwyczajowym miejscem odbywania sejmików w Środzie. Podstawowy wniosek płynący z ustaleń zawartych w niniejszym tekście potwierdza fakt, że już od drugiej połowy XV w. właśnie Środa była niemal nieprzerwanie centrum politycznych obrad szlachty z rozległego terytorium obejmującego dwa, a od 1768 r. trzy województwa. Poza tym udowodniono, że sejmik wielkopolski w epoce nowożytnej nie miał stałej siedziby, a jedynie potwierdzone zwyczajem i prawem pisanym miejsce gromadzenia się.
New invasive species in Turkey: Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: ÖZBEK ÇATAL Burcu , ÇALIŞKAN KEÇE Asime Filiz , ULUSOY Mehmet Rifat
Published: April 2019

Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), an invasive species, was reported for the first time from Eastern Mediterranean region in Turkey, in 2017-2018. It was found on Trabzon persimmon, blackberry, fig, cherry, mulberry, peach and plum.
Commentary on Gruhn et al.'s "How Stable is Pitch Labeling Accuracy in Absolute Pitch Possessors?"
Authors: Jakubowski Kelly
Published: April 2019

In this commentary, I discuss the results and implications of "How stable is pitch labeling accuracy in absolute pitch possessors?" by Gruhn, Ristmägi, Schneider, D'Souza, and Kiilu (2018). Their work provides some new insights on the accuracy of single tone labeling by absolute pitch (AP) possessors as a function of the spectral content of the presented tones. Previous findings on the effects of the familiarity of timbre and pitch chroma and early training in music are replicated and confirmed, indicating a role of learning and exposure in AP development. Prospects for future research are discussed, including the necessity of a validated psychometric instrument for measuring AP ability, and the need for longitudinal developmental research to more precisely isolate the factors that contribute to AP acquisition.
Investigating Sound Design in Film: A Commentary on Kock and Louven
Authors: Tan Siu-Lan
Published: April 2019

Kock and Louven (in this issue) examined the effects of music, sound effects, full sound design (music and sound effects) and no sound on self-reported measures of immersion and suspense in real time, as viewers watched very brief original films. This commentary discusses the method, analysis, and implications of their findings within the broader context of the state of the art of film music research, and future directions for investigations in this area.
A Call for Hypothesis-Driven, Multi-Level Analysis in Research on Emotional Word Painting in Music: Commentary on Sun & Cuthbert (2018)
Authors: Hansen Niels Chr.
Published: April 2019

This commentary discusses Sun and Cuthbert's (2018) exploratory analysis of emotional word painting in a corpus of English-language popular and folk songs. The authors are complimented for their application of computational tools to an impressively large sample of a somewhat understudied musical genre, and for their detailed level of analysis mapping musical features to the semantic content of individual words. This work, however, suffers from a lack of a priori predictions which causes multiple comparison issues leading to a dramatic reduction in statistical power. The selection of musical features and analytical strategies also seems arbitrary at times due to the absence of motivating hypotheses. It is argued that the ethological literature on affective vocal communication in animals might offer an avenue for future hypothesis-driven research on this topic.
Use of ultra-small space vehicles for studying near-Earth plasma by radiophysical methods
Authors: Chugunin D. V. , Chernyshov A. A. , Mogilevsky M. M. , Moiseenko I. L. , Petrukovich A. A.
Published: April 2019

The paper shows the possibility to measure plasma density and its fluctuations in the ionosphere on ultra-small space spacecraft using radiophysical methods that allow determining the characteristics of the medium through which radiation is transmitted. It is assumed that each spacecraft will have a navigational satellite receiver, as well as a device for emitting and detecting a signal at two multiple frequencies in the radio band. With this approach, information on plasma density is contained in the received phase difference. Radio receivers and radio transmitters on satellites constantly exchange radio signals and then it is possible to determine the electron concentration and its fluctuations from the phase shift. The authors obtained numerical estimates of the resulting phase difference for different frequencies from 10 MHz to 10 GHz with typical ionospheric parameters depending on the distance between the satellites. Calculations were also made to determine the maximum distance between satellites at which it is possible to receive a signal, provided that the transmitter power is 2 watts.
Application of additive technology of selective laser melting (SLM) in designing a low emission combustion chamber of a gas turbine plant
Authors: Yeliseev Yu. S. , Fedorchenko D. G. , Golanov S. P. , Tsibisov Yu. I. , Tyulkin D. D. , Vorotyntsev I. E. , Ivchenko A. V.
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with the questions of introducing the additive technology of selective laser melting (SLM) into the production of the main structural elements of a combustion chamber for ground-based gas pumping, power and transport gas turbines. A fundamentally new design of a low-emission two-circuit burner was developed, adapted for the manufacture of products with a complex geometry through the use of selective laser melting (SLM) of metal powders according to mathematical CAD-models with the help of an advanced production technology. Technical difficulties associated with the implementation of additive manufacturing technology were overcome. The process chain was tried out from design to manufacturing and quality control of finished structural elements under conditions of mass production. The deficiencies of the parts manufactured by the additive technology were revealed and ultimately eliminated. Successful development of burners for a low-emission combustion chamber using a new technology significantly reduces labor intensity and time of production while maintaining high quality.
Gas dynamic calculation of detonation in variable cross-section ducts
Authors: Grigoriev A. V. , Rudakov O. A. , Solovieva A. V.
Published: April 2019

Formulas of gas dynamic calculation of detonation parameters in variable cross-section ducts are presented and a design detonation diagram is given. The diagram shows the detonation characteristics of super-compressed detonation and under-compressed detonation as the function of shock wave specific speed depending on the intensity of temperature of the ideal gas in a subsonic one-dimensional flow behind the shock wave propagating in a chemically active air-fuel mixture and on the ratio of geometrical expansion (convergence) of the duct. The propagation of a stationary shock-wave the static pressure of which in the output cross-section of the expanded duct is equal to atmospheric pressure is referred to as design detonation. This means that all the energy of the shock wave at the output of the duct can be converted into polytropic work function of gas expansion in a detonation engine. Otherwise, if the flow takes place in the mode of overexpansion due to the separation of the compressive shock wave inside the duct or in the case of insufficient expansion part of the shock wave energy will be lost. The total impulse equation for a geometrically expanding duct is solved by replacing the integral describing the thrust force with the average integral value of the curve of the static pressure acting on the side wall of the expanding duct. The frictional force is neglected due to its insignificant value. It is shown that the presence of an insufficiently compressed shock wave is not possible as the shock wave moving at the supersonic speed in the convergent duct will be decelerated to the sonic speed. To stabilize it additional heat should be supplied to transform the convergent duct behind the compressive shock wave into a semi-permanent cross-section duct wherein thermal crisis stabilizing the shock wave can be achieved. The minimum value of the detonation pipe diameter of 50mm is substantiated. Below that value sharp reduction of combustion efficiency takes place. The results of the work can be used for the computation of detonation engine thermodynamic cycle parameters.
Influence of the geometry fidelity of resonant sound-absorbing liner samples on their acoustic characteristics
Authors: Kustov O. Yu. , Khramtsov I. V. , Bulbovich R. V.
Published: April 2019

Samples of sound-absorbing Helmholtz resonator-type liners of circular shape were manufactured from two types of ABS plastic and nylon on the basis of 3D modeling and 3D printing technology. Check samples were made of metal on a numerically controlled machine. Deviations of geometric parameters of the manufactured samples from the design values were determined by visual and dimensional inspection using high-precision equipment. The minimum deviations were obtained for check samples made of metal. The acoustic characteristics of the samples were experimentally determined using an interferometer with normal wave incidence at high sound pressure levels. Numerical simulation of the acoustic processes in the interferometer for the given samples was carried out on the basis of solving full Navier-Stokes equations with account for compressibility. The obtained values of the resonant frequency, impedance and sound absorption coefficient were compared with the experimental ones. It was noted that the impedance values are most sensitive to the deviations of the geometric parameters of the samples from the design values, while the deviations in the sound absorption coefficient and resonance frequency are not so sensitive to them.
Development of blend composition of aviation kerosene surrogate for the simulation of workflow of gas turbine engine combustion chamber
Authors: Matveev S. G.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the criteria for determining the composition and physicochemical properties of aviation kerosene were formulated. The data on the physicochemical properties of known kerosene surrogates were systematized and classified. The main classes of individual chemical components of aviation kerosene were determined, and the main representatives of these classes which were used in the preparation of surrogates, were investigated. Four- and six-component kerosene substitutes are proposed. The physical properties of the developed surrogates were validated according to the flow characteristics and the spray angle of the flame of a centrifugal fuel nozzle. The dependence of the flame speed on the composition of the mixture of developed kerosene surrogates was determined. The results of determining the composition of combustion products during the combustion of TS-1 brand aviation kerosene and its surrogates in a model combustion chamber were compared.
Effect of chemical composition on the performance of centrifugally cast indefinite chilled cast iron rolls
Authors: Gimaletdinov Radiy Kh. , Gulakov Andrey A. , Tukhvatulin Ildar Kh.
Published: April 2019

Problem Statement (Relevance): An urgent task of rolling mill operators includes minimizing the cost of manufactured products while ensuring the required quality. To accomplish the task, measures are being taken to optimize the rolling process aimed at increasing the duration of the rolling campaigns and reducing the number of roll regrinds. The performance of the rolls is influenced by the properties of the working layer material which determine wear resistance, formation and development of fire cracks, as well as resistance to metal sticking. Finishing mill rolls dictate the surface quality of the rolled steel. That is why it is important to make timely regrinds in order to completely remove the fire crack layer. The removal depth and the acceptable duration of the campaigns depend on the properties of the roll working layer material. To improve the properties of the rolls, the roll manufacturers need the actual roll operation data to be able to analyze how the chemical composition and the structure of the roll working layer is related to the roll performance. Such analysis will help improve the structure and properties of the materials used, as well as develop new ones. Objectives: The objective of this research is to understand how the chemical composition of the working layer of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls used in finishing mills dictates the roll performance, to evaluate the effect of each chemical element, and to determine what concentrations of the chemical elements could most effectively benefit the performance of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls. Methods Applied: The methods applied include building a database of the finishing mill indefinite chilled cast iron rolls and using artificial neural networks based on a dual-function algorithm. Originality: The authors built a neuromodel which can help understand the effect of the chemical composition of the roll working layer and predict the performance of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls. The authors studied the effect of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and boron on the performance of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls. Findings: Graphic diagrams were built which demonstrate the effect of each chemical element on the performance of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls at constant concentrations of the remaining elements. The authors looked at the relationship between the chemical elements and the roll performance in terms of the impact of the former on the structure of indefinite chilled cast iron rolls. The effective concentrations of the chemical elements were also determined. Practical Relevance: The authors developed a new chemical composition of indefinite chilled cast iron to be used for the working layer of finishing mill rolls. As a result, a 12–14% increase in the roll performance was achieved.
Simulation of the axial joint pressing process
Authors: Gun Evgeny I. , Vakhitov Alexander R. , Salnikov Vitaly V. , Gun Igor G. , Ortueta Jon , Anitua Agustin
Published: April 2019

When designing the axial joint pressing process, a relevant issue is the process parameters which directly influence the nature of the deformation of the housing, and, ultimately, on the formation of an all-in-one connection of a ball stud with a joint housing. These parameters are press force, punch displacement and matrix geometry. The quality of the all-in-one connection depends on a correct selection of the indicated parameters. If the axial joint insert is compressed evenly, the connection will be considered to be the most rational, that is the load will be distributed uniformly over the entire insert surface from the spherical surfaces of the ball stud and the deformed housing. In this way, the press must provide necessary force and displacement; the matrix geometry must provide the required shape of the deformed part of the housing. The all-in-one connection quality is evaluated by a number of operational characteristics of finished products, whose values must be located in intervals acceptable from the customer's point of view. Such characteristics include the following: ball stud rocking resistance torque, breakaway torque at ball stud rocking, axial spring travel and axial stiffness of the joint. In order to determine the specified parameters without many experiments on physical objects, a computer simulation model of the axial joint pressing process based on the finite element method was developed. Required press force, punch displacement and matrix geometry are determined by a computer simulation of the pressing process based on the finite element method. The accomplished experimental research led to the conclusion about acceptable repeatability of the results of the developed mathematical model and experimental data.
Effect of the cooling rate on phase transformations in a surface-alloyed layer of steel
Authors: Ivanov Yuriy F. , Teresov Anton D. , Petrikova Elizaveta A. , Shugurov Vladimir V. , Klopotov Аnatoliy А. , Song Guolin , Tang Guoyi , Gromov Viktor E.
Published: April 2019

Surface alloying of AISI 420 steel was carried out in a single vacuum cycle, and consisted of spraying a thin (0.5 μm) film of Zr-Ti-Cu alloy by electric arc spraying of a cathode of the composition Zr-6 at.% Ti-6 at.% Cu, and the subsequent irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam. It is shown that the concentration of zirconium in the surface layer of steel decreases with an increase in the energy density of the electron beam (ES). It is established that formation of a surface alloy is accompanied by the following: formation of a cellular crystallization structure (the average cell size increases from 150 nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to 370 nm at ES = 40 J/cm2); decomposition of a solid solution with the release of zirconium carbide particles (particle sizes increase from (10-15) nm at ES = 20 J/cm2 to (30-40) nm at ES = 40 J/cm2). Particles of the carbide phase based on chromium of the composition Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and (Cr, Fe)23С6, along with zirconium carbide particles, are revealed upon the irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam (ES = 40 J/cm2). Chromium carbide particles have a round shape; their sizes vary from 40 nm to 60 nm. The authors analyzed phase transformation diagrams taking place under equilibrium conditions in Fe-Zr-C; Cr-Zr-C; Fe-Cr-Zr systems. It is established that ultra-high cooling rates that occur during the irradiation of the “film (Zr-Ti-Cu alloy) / (AISI 420 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam impose limitations on the formation of phases of the intermetallic type. It is assumed that the formation of predominantly carbide phases in the surface layer of the material is due to high mobility of carbon atoms in steel.
Influence of special features of the gradient structure formation during severe plastic deformation of alloys with different types of a crystalline lattice
Authors: Raab Georgy I. , Kodirov Ilyas S. , Aleshin Gennady N. , Raab Arseniy G. , Tsenev Nikolai K.
Published: April 2019

Problem Statement (Relevance): The paper describes some features and prospective benefits of deformation by methods of drawing with shear (SD) and high pressure torsion (HPT) in a temperature range of dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect, which allow receiving a high complex of physical and mechanical properties. Objectives: The study aims to investigate and analyze features of the structure formation with the combined application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and the DSA effect during deformation by drawing with shear and high pressure torsion, to establish patterns of the gradient structure formation. Methods Applied: 1. Computer simulation in Deform 3D software to investigate the stress-strain state on materials with various types of a crystalline lattice: copper grade M1 (FCC), Steel 10 (BCC) and titanium VT1-0 (HCP) and a further comparison with experimental results. 2. Microhardness measurement 3. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Originality: This research resulted in investigation of the combined effect of the DSA effect and SPD on the gradient structure formation and mechanical properties of metals with various crystalline lattices. Findings: the paper presents the results of the study of the structure formation during non-monotonous plastic deformation of the alloys (steel 10, copper and titanium) with various crystalline lattice types by SD, as well as ECAP and HPT of low-carbon steel in the temperature range of the DSA effect. Deformation mechanisms and features of the deformation behavior on a mesoscopic scale under various deformation treatment modes are analyzed. The temperature range of the DSA effect in steel 10 under ECAP and the fact of the gradient structure formation under HPT are established. Practical Relevance: The study helped to obtain data that can be used to choose the optimal deformation treatment mode with the DSA effect.
Relationship between the coefficients of a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals
Authors: Bolshanin Georgiy A. , Skulina Elena G.
Published: April 2019

Problem Statement (Relevance): This paper describes one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the equations of other forms that evaluate the state of a passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Such six-terminal network can replace devices, elements or parts of electrical circuits or electric power systems. The coefficients of the B-form equations, as well as the coefficients of the A-form equations, can be determined experimentally. In principle, the coefficients of equations of other forms can also be determined experimentally. However, such experiments are usually difficult to set up and conduct. Thus, it seems to be more reasonable to determine these coefficients from the established quantitative relationship with the previously determined coefficients of the B-form. Objectives: To establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations describing the state of the six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the same six-terminal network. Methods Applied: Mathematical modelling and some elements of the theory of multi-terminal networks. Originality: The originality of this research lies in the proposed method of establishing a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the A-form equations and the equations of other forms describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Findings: This paper examines one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Some mathematical statements are presented which can help establish such relationship. Practical Relevance: If one knows the values of the B-form equation coefficients, the proposed quantitative relationship between the coefficients of various forms of equations will help build equations of other forms and establish various types of dependencies between the input and output characteristics of an electric power unit, which can be replaced with a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. This technique can be used to establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- or Z-form equations and the coefficients of equations of other forms describing the state of different modifications of passive six-terminal networks.
A descentralização da educação básica para municipios e estados: realidades e contradições
Authors: Caetano Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
Published: April 2019

Na década de 1990, os governos Fernando Collor de Mello e Fernando Henrique Cardoso com discurso de controle econômico, eficiência e efetividade dos serviços públicos e modernização no país impõem o processo de descentralização como solução para repassar ações, programas ou obrigações do governo federal para os municípios e estados. Este artigo visa demonstrar que não ocorre a descentralização (autonomia plena) e sim a desconcentração (autonomia limitada) no Brasil. Para tanto, o presente artigo elucida o sentido e as diferenças entre descentralização e desconcentração. Visa ainda analisar como se dá a execução da descentralização e as consequências para a realidade educacional brasileira.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Descentralização. Desconcentração. Educação básica.
The 9×9 of Future Business Models
Authors: Tewes Stefan , Tewes Carolin , Jäger Clemens
Published: April 2019

In times of digital transformation and permanent change, the analysis and further development of the business models are essential to be successful in the future. The 9×9 of future business models offer companies a framework for transforming their business model based on digitally shaped changes. The foundation of this approach is the value proposition, which is differentiated for new lifestyles in the future. It takes into account various trend influences, which affects all building blocks of a business model. These include the customers, the partners, and the network, but also the resources, the channels, the finances as well as the skills and activities of the company. In general, a business model must be viewed holistically in the future if it should be successful in the long term. More than ever, the influence of digital, technological and megatrends is critical to success. In summary, the following questions are answered:

Fundamentals of future business models: Which building blocks are considered in the digital transformation?
Influence of trends: What is driving digital and social transformation?
The 9×9 of future transformation: How do technological and social influences affect business models?
Clean Energy, a Sine Qua Non Condition for Sustainable Development
Authors: Soava Georgeta , Mehedintu Anca , Raduteanu Mircea
Published: April 2019

Starting from the reality that Europe is in full transition, the aim of this study is to carry out an analysis to determine the contribution of renewable energy sources to primary energy production and also to determine the impact of the increase in the share of renewable energy on energy prices, on the economy. The study is based on the 2011 – 2015 information taken from the most recent studies conducted at EU and Romanian level on action plans on renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. On the basis of the data collected, the analysis focused on the share of renewable energy sources in energy production and primary energy production from renewable sources divided by individual sources and the structure of consumption on the main activities of the national economy to see how various factors influence the future of clean energy and the impact on energy prices. For analysis, a dynamic analysis tool was used, the Risk module in the Palisade software package, which through a series of simulations allows combining the identified uncertainties. The results of the analysis and simulations carried out made highlight the best scenarios of increasing the share of renewable sources in energy production, to lower energy prices and to sustainable economic growth.
Verification of “Too Much Finance” Hypothesis in Central and Eastern European Countries – Empirical Research
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech , Maciejczyk-Bujnowicz Iwona
Published: April 2019

This paper analyses the relationship between the domestic credit to GDP ratio and economic growth in a group of 11 countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The parameters of the econometric model used, were estimated using a pooled regression method and the Blundell‑Bond systemic estimator. The results of our empirical investigation show that the entire group can be divided into 3 homogeneous sub‑groups with different values of the optimal level of domestic credit to GDP ratio. Estimation of the parameters with the use of a panel model show that Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Slovakia would probably have reached a higher level of economic growth if the analysed coefficient had been at a level of 0.48. In the case of the sub‑group encompassing Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary, the optimal value of the analysed coefficient turned out to be 0.6. In the case of the Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania sub‑group, the development of the financial system, which is represented in this article by the ratio of domestic credit to GDP, does not seem to have any impact on the rate of growth of real GDP.
Дон Жуан в Сети. К вопросу о качестве литературного процесса в Интернете
Authors: Szymańska Aleksandra
Published: April 2019

В статье подвергается исследованию феномен интернет-графомании на примере романа Марины Масловой Дон Жуан (2004). Выбор текста подиктован нашим интересом к бытованию и трансформациям вечного образа в интернет-пространстве. На примере текста Масловой мы выделили и назвали основные приметы сетературы, такие как: вторичность образов, напряженная и привлекательная интрига, закрученный сюжет, шаблонность, скудный запас литературных образов и мотивов, поэтика повседневности, перманентная динамичность, полиавторность, нарушение дистанции между автором и текстом и др. Анализ романа Дон Жуан позволил нам выявить также механизмы переноса известного мирового образа в интернет-пространство. В связи с этим вопросом мы отметили обращение автора романа лишь к отдельным ситуациям и мотивам истории Дон Жуана, приспособление их к жанру дамского романа, свободное отношение к литературной традиции, лишение образа сюжетной самостоятельности.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SECRETION OF ADIPONECTIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PARTICULAR INDICESOF METABOLISM IN MALES OF ABLE-BODIED AGE IN CASE OF OBESITY
Authors: Karataeva Olga V.
Published: April 2019

The sampling consisted of 79 examined males of able-bodied age. The arterial hypertension stage I and II was established in 58% of them; obesity of various degree of severity was diagnosed in 63% of them; metabolic syndrome according criteria ATP-III was noted in 46.8% of examined patients. The general clinical and anthropometric examination was carried out. The laboratory analyses included estimation of lipidogram, fasting glycaemia and also hormones adiponectin and insulin with following calculation of index of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance). The study was organized to investigate effecting of obesity on secretion of adiponectin and its relationship with indices of lipidogram and level of insulin resistance. The comparative analysis of groups with and absence of obesity established no significant difference in level of adiponectin and indices of lipidogram. the significant differences were established in the levels of basal insulin hence in value of index NOMA-IR that points to hyperinsulinemia and expressed insulin resistance in patients with obesity. The patients were separated in two groups depending on presence of manifestations of metabolic syndrome: with metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically complicated obesity. The analysis established a significant decreasing of level of adiponectin in the group of metabolically complicated obesity accompanied by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased level of glycaemia. The study established no effect of degree of obesity on decreasing of level of adiponectin. The significant differences between levels of adiponectin in comparison between group without obesity and group of metabolically healthy obesity. The correlation analysis in group with obesity demonstrated back-coupling between level of adiponectin and content of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and coefficient of atherogenicity. The comparison of groups according median of adiponectin established significant differences in rate of development of metabolic syndrome and value of coefficient of atherogenicity.
Influence of Spirituality on Depression-Induced Inflammation and Executive Functioning in a Community Sample of African Americans
Authors: Herren Olga M. , Burris Silas E. , Levy Shellie-Anne , Kirk Keri , Banks Kanesha S. , Jones Victor L. , Beard Breanna , Mwendwa Denee T. , Callender Clive O. , Campbell Alfonso L.
Published: April 2019

African Americans (AAs) are disproportion­ately affected by cerebrovascular pathology and more likely to suffer from premature cognitive decline. Depression is a risk fac­tor for poorer cognitive functioning, and research is needed to identify factors that serve to mitigate its negative effects. Studies have demonstrated positive influences of spirituality within the AA community. De­termining whether spirituality attenuates the effects of depressive symptoms on cogni­tive functioning and the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these relationships in AAs is paramount. This study examines the influence of daily spiritual experiences on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning, and how inflammatory markers may partially explain these associations. A sample of 212 (mean age= 45.6) participants completed the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT) and Stroop Col­or and Word Test (Stroop). Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1a, TNF-a). Linear regres­sion analyses were used to evaluate associa­tions. Higher BDI-II scores were associated with poorer psychomotor speed and visual scanning, measured by TMT A (B=1.49, P=.01). IL-6 explained a significant amount of variance in this relationship (B=.24, CI 95% [.00, .64]). IL-6 also significantly mediated the relationship between depres­sive symptoms and psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, measured by TMT B performance (B=.03, CI 95% [.003, .095]). Frequent spiritual experiences among AAs may ameliorate the negative influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive func­tioning.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):267-276; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.267
E-Sports, herdeiros de uma tradição
Authors: Macedo Tarcízio , Falcão Thiago
Published: April 2019

Este artigo empreende uma discussão de base histórica acerca do fenômeno do jogo digital competitivo organizado, conhecido popularmente como e-Sport. Seu intuito é prover um referencial teórico que enderece o aspecto híbrido dos e-Sports, considerando que esse faz convergir os campos da Comunicação, Game Studies, Filosofia e Sociologia do Esporte. O artigo, que endereça o e-Sport como legítimo herdeiro de uma tradição esportiva, investiga dois aspectos específicos da prática: (1) uma genealogia que, acreditamos, conecta-os a uma tradição milenar; e (2) uma ontologia que sublinha sua condição experiencial necessariamente midiática.
A crise não é do jornalismo, mas do seu financiamento: entrevista com Jean Charron
Authors: Guilhermano Lívia
Published: April 2019

Nesta entrevista, o pesquisador Jean Charron, da Universidade Laval, no Canadá, argumenta que o paradigma dominante no jornalismo contemporâneo ainda é o “de comunicação”, cuja vigência teria se iniciado nos anos 1970 e 1980. O modelo, descrito por ele e Jean de Bonville em 2004, caracteriza-se pela multiplicação de suportes, pela hiperconcorrência, pela superabundância de oferta de informações e ênfase na função fática do discurso. Para chegar ao conceito de “jornalismo de comunicação”, os autores utilizaram o método weberiano de construção de tipos ideais para contar a história do jornalismo norte-americano a partir do século XVII. Por fim, o autor sustenta que hoje a crise não é do jornalismo, mas do financiamento da sua produção.
Open Source Completely 3-D Printable Centrifuge
Authors: Sule Salil S. , Petsiuk Aliaksei L. , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: April 2019

Centrifuges are commonly required devices in medical diagnostics facilities as well as scientific laboratories. Although there are commercial and open source centrifuges, costs of the former and required electricity to operate the latter, limit accessibility in resource-constrained settings. There is a need for low-cost, human-powered, verified and reliable lab-scale centrifuge. This study provides the designs for a low-cost 100% 3-D printed centrifuge, which can be fabricated on any low-cost RepRap-class fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused particle fabrication (FPF)-based 3-D printer. In addition, validation procedures are provided using a web camera and free and open source software. This paper provides the complete open source plans including instructions for fabrication and operation for a hand-powered centrifuge. This study successfully tested and validated the instrument, which can be operated anywhere in the world with no electricity inputs obtaining a radial velocity of over 1750rpm and over 50N of relative centrifugal force. Using commercial filament the instrument costs about US$25, which is less than half of all commercially available systems; however, the costs can be dropped further using recycled plastics on open source systems for over 99% savings. The results are discussed in the contexts of resource-constrained medical and scientific facilities.
THE EFFECT OF FREELETIC EXERCISE ON LEG STRENGTH IN THE FREELETIC COMMUNITY OF MAKASSAR
Authors: Irianto Irianto , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Any human exercise will always involve physical conditions in it. there are 10 kinds of components of physical condition, that is strength, endurance, muscle power, speed, flexibility, agility, coordination, balance, accuracy, and reaction. Limb muscles play a leading role in many sports. To improve and develop the physical condition of an athlete, it takes an exercise, an exercise that someone has to do continuously in order to produce maximum movement. Freeletic exercise is one of the techniques used to increase leg muscle strength. This study aims to determine differences in leg muscle strength in freeletic members Makassar before and after the provision of freeletic exercise. Methods: This study is Pre Exsperimental and using one group pre-post test design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling with the number of samples is 20 people based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for 6 weeks. Measuring tool used is Leg Dynamometer and Squat Test to know the value of muscle strength of limb before and after 18 practice. Results: The results showed there is an effect of freeletic sport to increase legs muscle strength after given 18 times freeletic sport practice with value of P<0,001.
THE DIFFERENCE HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN-E (HLA-E) EXPRESSION AND NATURAL KILLER CELLS (NK CELLS) IN TROPHOBLAST BETWEEN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR) AND NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Soetrisno Soetrisno , Sulistyowati Sri , Respati Supriyadi Hari , Cahyadi Bambang Triono
Published: April 2019

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is still a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. IUGR incidence ranged from 4.4 to 6.44% of pregnant women. Human Leukocyte Antigen - E and NK cells are thought to play an important role towards the process of IUGR.Objective: To determine aetiopathogenesis HLA-E expression and NK Cell in IUGR.Methods: An analytical observational study conducted through a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on March-October 2015 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and at of Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Subjects who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria consisted of 20 patients with IUGR and 20 normal pregnant patient. The researcher examined HLA-E Expression and NK cells in trophoblast using immunohistochemical method and statistical analysis using t test.Results: The average HLA-E expression in the trophoblast in IUGR group 17.80 ± 5.55, compared with normal pregnancy 66.23 ± 19.83, p value = 0.0001 (p <0.05). The average expression of NK cells in trophoblast in IUGR group 137.71 ± 28.09 compared with normal pregnancy 31.75 ± 14.77, p value = 0.0001 (p <0.05).Conclusion: HLA-E expression in normal pregnancy trophoblast is higher than pregnancies with IUGR. Expression of NK cells in pregnancy with IUGR is higher compared with normal pregnancy.
PERBEDAAN KADAR NITRIC OXIDE PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER 1 DENGAN ANEMIA DAN TIDAK ANEMIA
Authors: Ulya Yadul , Arsyad Aryadi , Syamsuddin Saidah
Published: April 2019

Anemia saat hamil berefek buruk bagi ibu maupun janin, karena dapat mengurangi suplai oksigen pada metabolisme ibu akibat kekurangan kadar hemoglobin untuk mengikat oksigen, dan peran hemoglobin sebagai pengikat nitric oxide dapat menyebabkan vasokontriksi dan mempengaruhi pengiriman oksigen. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 dengan anemia dan tidak anemia. Desain penelitian cross sectional study dengan masing-masing 35 ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia dan tidak anemia dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia lebih tinggi (128,8μmol/L) dibandingkan yang tidak anemia (89,1μmol/L) nilai p=0,008. Ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia kemungkinan 3,692 kali memiliki resiko mengalami peningkatan kadar nitric oxide dibandingkan yang tidak anemia dengan cut off point 92,86μmol/L. Disimpulkan, kadar nitric oxide lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia dan memiliki resiko terjadi peningkatan kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 dengan anemia sebesar 3,962 kali.
Alcohol Availability Across Neighborhoods in Ontario Following Alcohol Sales Deregulation, 2013–2017
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Chen Jarvis T. , Bearnot Benjamin , Ip Michael , Giesbrecht Norman , Rees Vaughan W.
Published: April 2019

Objectives. To examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and alcohol availability before and after deregulation in 2015 of the alcohol market in Ontario, Canada.

Methods. We quantified alcohol access by number of alcohol outlets and hours of retail for all 19 964 neighborhoods in Ontario. We used mixed effects regression models to examine the associations between alcohol access and a validated SES index between 2013 and 2017.

Results. Following deregulation, the number of alcohol outlets in Ontario increased by 15.0%. Low neighborhood SES was positively associated with increased alcohol access: lower-SES neighborhoods had more alcohol outlets within 1000 meters and were closer to the nearest alcohol outlets. Outlets located in low-SES neighborhoods kept longer hours of operation.

Conclusions. We observed a substantial increase in alcohol access in Ontario following deregulation. Access to alcohol was greatest in low-SES neighborhoods and may contribute to established inequities in alcohol harms.

Public Health Implications. Placing limits on number of alcohol outlets and the hours of operation in low-SES neighborhoods offers an opportunity to reduce alcohol-related health inequities.
Shearing Osteochondral Fracture of the Humeral Head
Authors: Campbell Megan , Fan Bensen , Galdi Balazs
Published: April 2019

Case:

A 30-year-old man was found to have a posteriorly displaced osteochondral shear fracture of his left humeral head, likely from dislocation and relocation. The fragment was fixed in its native position using headless screws, and the patient regained full strength and range of motion within 9 months.

Conclusions:

Osteochondral shear fractures of the humeral head appear to shear off the anteromedial articular joint surface after dislocation and relocation. One should be suspicious for associated labral tears. Arthroplasty is a valid treatment option, but select patients may be eligible for other viable options.