bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Analysis of Methylation Profiles From High Resolution CpG Data
Authors: Zhao Ni , Bell Douglas A. , Maity Arnab , Staicu Ana‐Maria , Joubert Bonnie R. , London Stephanie J. , Wu Michael C.
Published: December 2014

New high throughput technologies are now enabling simultaneous epigenetic profiling of DNA methylation at hundreds of thousands of CpGs across the genome. A problem of considerable practical interest is identification of large scale, global changes in methylation that are associated with environmental variables, clinical outcomes, or other experimental conditions. However, there has been little statistical research on methods for global methylation analysis using technologies with individual CpG resolution. To address this critical gap in the literature, we develop a new strategy for global analysis of methylation profiles using a functional regression approach wherein we approximate either the density or the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the methylation values for each individual using B‐spline basis functions. The spline coefficients for each individual are allowed to summarize the individual's overall methylation profile. We then test for association between the overall distribution and a continuous or dichotomous outcome variable using a variance component score test that naturally accommodates the correlation between spline coefficients. Simulations indicate that our proposed approach has desirable power while protecting type I error. The method was applied to detect methylation differences, both genome wide and at LINE1 elements, between the blood samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls and to detect the epigenetic changes of human hepatocarcinogenesis in the context of alcohol abuse and hepatitis C virus infection. A free implementation of our methods in the R language is available in the Global Analysis of Methylation Profiles (GAMP) package at http://research.fhcrc.org/wu/en.html.
Complete Effect‐Profile Assessment in Association Studies With Multiple Genetic and Multiple Environmental Factors
Authors: Wang Zhi , Maity Arnab , Luo Yiwen , Neely Megan L. , Tzeng Jung‐Ying
Published: December 2014

Studying complex diseases in the post genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) era has led to developing methods that consider factor‐sets rather than individual genetic/environmental factors (i.e., Multi‐G‐Multi‐E studies), and mining for potential gene‐environment (G×E) interactions has proven to be an invaluable aid in both discovery and deciphering underlying biological mechanisms. Current approaches for examining effect profiles in Multi‐G‐Multi‐E analyses are either underpowered due to large degrees of freedom, ill‐suited for detecting G×E interactions due to imprecise modeling of the G and E effects, or lack of capacity for modeling interactions between two factor‐sets (e.g., existing methods focus primarily on a single E factor). In this work, we illustrate the issues encountered in constructing kernels for investigating interactions between two factor‐sets, and propose a simple yet intuitive solution to construct the G×E kernel that retains the ease‐of‐interpretation of classic regression. We also construct a series of kernel machine (KM) score tests to evaluate the complete effect profile (i.e., the G, E, and G×E effects individually or in combination). We show, via simulations and a data application, that the proposed KM methods outperform the classic and PC regressions across a range of scenarios, including varying effect size, effect structure, and interaction complexity. The largest power gain was observed when the underlying effect structure involved complex G×E interactions; however, the proposed methods have consistent, powerful performance when the effect profile is simple or complex, suggesting that the proposed method could be a useful tool for exploratory or confirmatory G×E analysis.
Welfare Reform and Children's Health
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Yen Yin‐Fang
Published: December 2014

This study investigates the effect of the Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) program on children's health outcomes using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation over the period 1994 to 2005. The TANF policies have been credited with increased employment for single mothers and a dramatic drop in welfare caseload. Our results show that these policies also had a significant effect on various measures of children's medical utilization among low‐income families. These health measures include a rating of the child's health status reported by the parents, the number of times that parents consulted a doctor, and the number of nights that the child stayed in a hospital. We compare the overall changes of health status and medical utilization for children with working and nonworking mothers. We find that the child's health status as reported by the parents is affected by the maternal employment status. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic characteristics of the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Li Yilei , Zhang Xi‐an , Qi Songtao
Published: December 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomic characteristics and discuss the clinical implications of the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve, especially its compartmentalization.

Methods

The dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve was microsurgically dissected in 8 formalin‐fixed adult cadaver heads (16 sides).

Results

The dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve is meningeal dura in origin and composed of Meckel's cave and the peripheral sheaths. The peripheral sheath is a direct continuation of Meckel's cave, but separated from the latter by a cribriform area from where the nerve rootlets pass through. Within the peripheral sheaths, there are a few septa, which are frequently interrupted by connections among nerve rootlets.

Conclusion

The cribriform area of Meckel's cave, which divides the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve into 2 distinct compartments, may play an important role in tumor growth and surgical planning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E185–E188, 2016
Physicomechanical and antibacterial properties of experimental resin‐based dental sealants modified with nylon‐6 and chitosan nanofibers
Authors: Hamilton María F. , Otte Andrew D. , Gregory Richard L. , Pinal Rodolfo , Ferreira‐Zandoná Andrea , Bottino Marco C.
Published: December 2014

This study aimed to develop and evaluate resin‐based experimental dental sealants containing electrospun nylon‐6 (N6) and chitosan (CH) fibers in an attempt to improve the physicomechanical properties and provide an antibacterial protective effect, respectively. Electrospun N6 and CH mats were immersed into a resin mixture, light‐cured, and then cryomilled to obtain micron‐sized resin‐modified fiber particles. Different levels of the novel cryomilled particles (i.e. 1, 2.5, and 5% relative to the resin mixture, % by weight) were used to prepare the N6‐ and CH‐containing sealants. A commercial sealant and the experimental resin mixture (unfilled) were used as controls. Flexural strength (FS), Vickers microhardness (VH), and agar diffusion tests were performed. The data were analyzed at the 5% significance level. No significant difference in fiber diameter of N6 (503 ± 31 nm) and CH (595 ± 38 nm) was observed. Upon cryomilling, the resin‐modified CH and N6 mats led to the formation of irregularly‐shaped particles, with an average diameter of 14.24 µm and 15.87 µm, respectively. CH‐5% had significantly higher FS (115.3 ± 1.3 MPa) than all the other groups. CH‐1% had significantly higher hardness values (38.3 ± 0.3 VHN) than all the other groups. Collectively, the results indicated that CH‐containing sealants presented the highest FS and hardness; however, none of the CH‐containing sealants displayed antimicrobial properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1560–1568, 2015.
Skew Hadamard Difference Sets from Dickson Polynomials of Order 7
Authors: Ding Cunsheng , Pott Alexander , Wang Qi
Published: December 2014

Skew Hadamard difference sets have been an interesting topic of study for over 70 years. For a long time, it had been conjectured the classical Paley difference sets (the set of nonzero quadratic residues in where ) were the only example in Abelian groups. In 2006, the first author and Yuan disproved this conjecture by showing that the image set of is a new skew Hadamard difference set in with m odd, where denotes the first kind of Dickson polynomials of order n and . The key observation in the proof is that is a planar function from to for m odd. Since then a few families of new skew Hadamard difference sets have been discovered. In this paper, we prove that for all , the set is a skew Hadamard difference set in , where m is odd and . The proof is more complicated and different than that of Ding‐Yuan skew Hadamard difference sets since is not planar in . Furthermore, we show that such skew Hadamard difference sets are inequivalent to all existing ones for by comparing the triple intersection numbers.
Facile synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐(β‐cyclodextrin))/silver nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Lou Zhichao , Hu Yubing , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiaohong , Hu Xiaodan , Zhang Haiqian
Published: December 2014

Hydrogel/silver nanocomposites have shown immense potential in many biological applications. In this article, a facile method to synthesize poly(acrylamide‐co‐(β‐cyclodextrin))/silver nanocomposites is reported. The silver nanoparticles were in situ synthesized accompanying with the formation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐(β‐cyclodextrin)) hydrogel by gamma irradiation without additional reducing and stabilizing agents. In addition, the nanocomposites were prepared under ambient conditions. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by ultraviolet used to characterize the structure and composition of the synthetic nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscope verified the formation and homogeneous distribution of silver nanoparticles in the hydrogel matrix. The hybrid hydrogel exhibited excellent water‐swelling properties, which could be controlled by varying the mass ratio of acrylamide (AM) to β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) in the hydrogel. Furthermore, the poly(acrylamide‐co‐(β‐cyclodextrin))/silver nanocomposites were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1480–1487, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ethylene–propylene copolymerization behavior of ansa‐dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(amido)dimethyltitanium complex: Application to ethylene–propylene–diene or ethylene–propylene–norbornene terpolymers
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Kamei Issei , Cai Zhengguo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi
Published: December 2014

Copolymerization behavior of ethylene (E) and propylene (P) using ansa‐dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(amido)dimethyltitanium complex was investigated. P was more reactive than E regardless of the chain‐end monomer unit, which was very unusual in the coordination polymerization system. The terpolymerizations of E, P and norbornene (NB) or 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (5E2N) were also performed. The each content in the E/P/NB terpolymer was independently controlled by the initial concentration of NB and E/P feed ratio. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the terpolymer was raised in proportion to the NB content and close to that of the corresponding NB/E random copolymer with the same NB content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 685–691
Cyclooxygenase-2 or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors Attenuate the Mechanotransductive Effects of Pulsed Focused Ultrasound to Suppress Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Homing to Healthy and Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Tebebi Pamela A. , Burks Scott R. , Kim Saejeong J. , Williams Rashida A. , Nguyen Ben A. , Venkatesh Priyanka , Frenkel Victor , Frank Joseph A.
Published: December 2014

Maximal homing of infused stem cells to diseased tissue is critical for regenerative medicine. Pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) is a clinically relevant platform to direct stem cell migration. Through mechanotransduction, pFUS establishes local gradients of cytokines, chemokines, trophic factors (CCTF) and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in treated skeletal muscle that subsequently infused mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can capitalize to migrate into the parenchyma. Characterizing molecular responses to mechanical pFUS effects revealed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) drives cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) signaling to locally increase CCTF/CAM that are necessary for MSC homing. pFUS failed to increase chemoattractants and induce MSC homing to treated muscle in mice pretreated with ibuprofen (nonspecific COX inhibitor) or etanercept (TNFα inhibitor). pFUS-induced MSC homing was also suppressed in COX2-knockout mice, demonstrating ibuprofen blocked the mechanically induced CCTF/CAM by acting on COX2. Anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are administered to muscular dystrophy (MD) patients, and ibuprofen also suppressed pFUS-induced homing to muscle in a mouse model of MD. Drug interactions with cell therapies remain unexplored and are not controlled for during clinical cell therapy trials. This study highlights potentially negative drug-host interactions that suppress stem cell homing and could undermine cell-based approaches for regenerative medicine. Stem Cells  2015;33:1173–1186
Spatial Distribution of Soil Attributes in the Concórdia River Watershed in Southern Brazil
Authors: Piazza Gustavo Antonio , Depiné Haline , Kaufmann Vander , Pinheiro Adilson , Gonçalves Affonso C. , Campos de Oliveira Marquis Henrique
Published: December 2014

Using geographic information system, soil sampling, and statistical analysis to map anthropogenic effects on soil
Mixed linear model approaches in mapping QTLs with epistatic effects by a simulation study
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Nowosad Kamila
Published: December 2014

Epistasis refers to the phenotypic effects of interactions between alleles of different loci. Statistical detection of such interactions remains to be the subject of presented studies. A method based on mixed linear model was developed for mapping QTLs with digenic epistasis. Reliable estimates of QTL additive and epistasis effects can be obtained by the maximum-likelihood estimate methods. Likelihood ratio andtstatistics were combined for testing hypotheses about QTL effects (additive and epistasis effects). Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for evaluating the unbiasedness, accuracy and power for parameter estimation in QTL mapping. The results indicated that the mixed-model approaches could provide unbiased estimates for effects of QTLs. Additionally, the mixed-model approaches also showed high accuracy in mapping QTLs with epistasis effects. The information obtained in this study will be useful for manipulating the QTLs for plant breeding by marker assisted selection.
Inhibition of miR‐34b and miR‐34c enhances α‐synuclein expression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kabaria Savan , Choi Doo Chul , Chaudhuri Amrita Datta , Mouradian M. Maral , Junn Eunsung
Published: December 2014

Mounting evidence suggests that microRNA (miR) dysregulation contributes to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). MiR‐34b and miR‐34c have been previously shown to be down‐regulated in the brains of patients with PD. Here, we demonstrate that miR‐34b and miR‐34c repress the expression of α‐synuclein (α‐syn), a key protein in PD pathogenesis. Inhibition of miR‐34b and miR‐34c expression in human dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells increased α‐syn levels and stimulated aggregate formation. Additionally, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3′‐UTR of α‐syn was found to lower the miR‐34b‐mediated repression of the protein. Our results suggest that down‐regulation of miR‐34b and miR‐34c in the brain, as well as an SNP in the 3′‐UTR of α‐syn can increase α‐syn expression, possibly contributing to PD pathogenesis.
The effect of implementing a standardized process on the quality of discharge summaries
Authors: Almidani Eyad , Hussain Ibrahim Bin , Almofada Saleh , Hijazi Mohammad , Almalhooq Norah , Alobari Rania , Alhaider Sami , Bernardo Maria Cecilia , Khadawardi Emad
Published: December 2014

Background and objectives:

To assess the compliance rate and overall quality of discharge summaries according to JCIA standards among King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) patients over a three-year period.

Patients and methods:

A multidisciplinary team consisting of the: 1) Quality Director in the Department of Pediatrics as the Chair; 2) Chair of the Department of Pediatrics. 3) Chief Resident of the Pediatric Residency Training Program. 4) Representatives from the Medical Records. 5) Quality Management Team. 6) Health Information Technology Department and 7) Medical and Clinical Affairs. The idea for this project was initially discussed at the Pedi-atrics Departmental staff meeting in October 2012 and subsequently presented at the Med-ical Quality Management Committee and Medical Advisory Committee meetings in November 2012. With the agreement of all team members and approval of the process (Appendix I), the Discharge Process was officially launched in December 2012.

Results:

From the first quarter of 2011 (1131 delinquent medical records) to the first quarter of 2014 (68 delinquent medical records), a significant drop in the number of delinquent re-cords was documented. In addition, compliance with JCIA standards for documentation was measured by an audit of 20 randomly selected patient charts by the hospital quality manage-ment department. This audit demonstrated improvement from a compliance rate of 70%-79% between the first quarters of 2013 and 2014, respectively, and up to 86% in the second quarter of 2014. Consequently, the Department of Pediatrics ranked first among all hospital departments in the quality of their discharge summaries.

Conclusions:

Implementing a systematic framework to reinforce completion of patients’ discharge summaries leads to a better quality of documentation and minimizes unnecessary delay. Comprehensive and precise clinical documentation improves the quality of patient care and provides clear health information that is critical for ideal management of the health care system.
Differing Levels of Acute Hypoxia Do Not Influence Maximal Anaerobic Power Capacity
Authors: Álvarez-Herms Jesús , Julià-Sánchez Sonia , Gatterer Hannes , Viscor Ginés , Burtscher Martin
Published: December 2014

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different inspired oxygen fractions (Fio2) on average and peak power capacity during consecutive jumps to assess the effectiveness of a hypoxic explosive-strength program.

Methods

Eight physically active subjects (aged 33.62 ± 4.07 years; height, 1.77 ± 0.05 m; weight, 74.38 ± 6.86 kg) completed a Bosco jump test, consisting of a series of 15-second “all-out” jumps with 3 minutes of recovery, performed in a normoxia condition (N [Fio2 = 21%]) and in two hypoxic conditions: moderate hypoxia (MH [Fio2 16.5% o2]) and high hypoxia (HH [13.5% o2]). A force platform provided the average and the maximal power output (W) generated during consecutive jumps. Measurements were also taken of lactate, creatine kinase, arterial oxygen saturation, and perceived exertion using the Borg fatigue scale.

Results

The average power outputs throughout the entire sets were similar between N (3187 ± 46) and MH (3184 ± 15; P > .05), but slightly greater with HH (3285 ± 43) compared with N ( P < .05). Values for lactate during N (7.5 ± 3.0), MH (7.7 ± 4.0), and HH (7.9 ± 3.0; P > .05), and for creatine kinase (values before, 69.8 ± 15; and 24 hours after in N [79.4 ± 15.60], MH [85.2 ± 26.7], and HH [84.3 ± 47.2]; P > .05) were similar for all conditions. Only during exercise in hypoxia were moderate and severe hypoxemia induced as the sets increased and Fio2 was lower ( P < .05). At the same time, the perceived exertion reported by subjects was substantially higher at HH (8.9 ± 1.1) than at N (7.1 ± 1.9; P < .05).

Conclusions

Jumping power output was not negatively affected by mild or high hypoxia in comparison with normoxia during an anaerobic workout despite having higher hypoxemia and a greater perception of exertion.
Documenti sulle relazioni delle città Toscane coll'Oriente Cristiano e coi Turchi fino all'anno MDXXXI
Authors: Müller Giuseppe
Published: December 2014

Born in Moravia, the philologist and historian Joseph (Giuseppe) Müller (1825–95) translated into Italian several major works of German classical scholarship. He held positions at the universities of Pavia and Padua, in the state archives of Florence, and finally in Turin. This work, published in Florence in 1879, prints original documents from the archives of the Tuscan city states in Latin, occasionally Greek, and later in Italian, ranging from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. The first half comprises correspondence with the crusader kings, the Christian communities of the Near East, and subsequently the Ottoman sultanate, introducing ambassadors and negotiating privileges for the city states' communities and representatives in the region. The second half contains the deliberations of the maritime republics on sailing routes and trade schedules. Together they illuminate political and practical relations between the Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim worlds surrounding the Mediterranean in this formative period.
Histoire naturelle des drogues simples
Authors: Guibourt Nicolas Jean-Baptiste Gaston
Published: December 2014

The French pharmacist Nicolas Jean-Baptiste Gaston Guibourt (1790–1867) first published this work in two volumes in 1820. It provided methodical descriptions of mineral, plant and animal substances. In the following years, Guibourt became a member of the Académie nationale de médicine and a professor at the École de pharmacie in Paris. Pharmaceutical knowledge also progressed considerably as new methods and classifications emerged. For this revised and enlarged four-volume fourth edition, published between 1849 and 1851, Guibourt followed the principles of modern scientific classification. For each substance, he describes the general properties as well as their medicinal or poisonous effects. Illustrated throughout, Volume 3 (1850) continues to describe plant substances, drawing on the systems of Linnaeus, Jussieu and de Candolle. The volume covers the last two classes of dicotyledons.
Journey to the North of India
Authors: Conolly Arthur
Published: December 2014

The Great Game, a coinage credited to the British officer Arthur Conolly (1807–42), refers to the nineteenth-century rivalry between Britain and Russia as each power sought supremacy in Central Asia. In a climate of tension and suspicion that the Russians might attempt to invade India via Afghanistan, Conolly, returning from sick leave in England, embarked in 1829 on an expedition through the region. His narrative provides observations on the various Asiatic peoples he encountered, including the social, religious and political aspects of their cultures. He describes also the many dangers he had to deal with, requiring him to assume a series of false identities. The risks that Conolly faced were underscored some years later, when he was captured and executed in Bukhara. Volume 2 recounts the time Conolly spent in Afghanistan. Included also are appendices addressing the possible overland invasion of India as well as the history of Afghanistan.
The Commercial Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing and Technical Terms
Authors: Simmonds Peter Lund
Published: December 2014

An industrious journalist and editor of periodicals, Peter Lund Simmonds (1814–97) wrote across a range of subjects, including natural history and applied science. An active member of the Royal Society of Arts, he first published this dictionary in 1858. Reissued here in its revised and enlarged edition of 1867, it contains more than 22,000 entries. The curious can discover within that a calcar is a furnace in a glassworks, or that the best kind of Cuban tobacco is known as calidad. Readers will also learn that the hautboy can be either eaten or played, being the name for both a wild strawberry and a form of oboe. Testifying to the proliferation of manufactured goods in the nineteenth century, and the contemporary desire to diffuse 'sound and useful knowledge among the masses', this work will appeal to readers interested in the history and lexicon of trade and technology.
The Student's Flora of the British Islands
Authors: Hooker Joseph Dalton
Published: December 2014

This textbook was originally published in 1870, but is here reissued in the third edition of 1884. Its object was 'to supply students and field-botanists with a fuller account of the Flowering Plants and Vascular Cryptograms of the British Islands than the manuals hitherto in use aim at giving'. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), one of the most eminent botanists of the later nineteenth century, was educated at Glasgow, and developed his studies of plant life through expeditions all over the world. (Several of his other works are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.) A close friend and supporter of Charles Darwin, he was appointed to succeed his father as Director of the Botanical Gardens at Kew in 1865. The flora is followed in this reissue by an 1879 catalogue of British plants compiled by the botanist George Henslow (1835–1925), intended as a companion volume.
Medical Jurisprudence
Authors: Paris John Ayrton , Fonblanque J. S. M.
Published: December 2014

The physician and author John Ayrton Paris (1785–1856), several of whose other medical and popular works have been reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection, and his co-author J. S. M. Fonblanque (1787–1865) published this three-volume work in 1823. It remained almost the only work on the topic of medical jurisprudence for many years. The authors define the term as 'a science by which medicine, and its collateral branches, are made subservient to the construction, elucidation, and administration of the laws; and to the preservation of public health'. Volume 1 considers the context: the professional colleges and their powers and privileges, and historical cases involving a medical practitioner. It also deals with areas of the law where medical evidence may be needed: matrimonial and childbirth issues; insanity; public nuisance (e.g. pollution); and the adulteration of food. The volume ends with the first part of a consideration of unnatural death.
Practical Essay on the Strength of Cast Iron and Other Metals
Authors: Hodgkinson Eaton
Published: December 2014

Although cast iron was used in pagoda construction in ancient China, it was in Britain in the eighteenth century that new methods allowed for its production in quantities that enabled widespread use. An engineer who had educated himself tirelessly in technical subjects from carpentry to architecture, Thomas Tredgold (1788–1829) first published this work in 1822. It served as a standard textbook for British engineers in the early nineteenth century, and several translations extended its influence on the continent. Reissued here in the fourth edition of 1842, edited and annotated by the structural engineer Eaton Hodgkinson (1789–1861), who presents his own research in the second volume, this work addresses both practical and mathematical questions in assessing metallic strength. In Volume 2, benefiting from twenty years of progress since Tredgold's original publication, Hodgkinson provides details of his own advanced experiments.
Essai de géologie
Authors: Faujas-de-St.-Fond Barthélemy
Published: December 2014

Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741–1819) abandoned the legal profession to pursue studies in natural history. Appointed a royal commissioner of mines in 1785, he also served as professor of geology at the natural history museum in Paris from 1793 until his death. His keen interest in rocks, minerals and fossils led to a number of important discoveries, among which was confirmation that basalt was a volcanic product. The present work appeared in three parts between 1803 and 1809. The second volume was divided into two. This first part discusses rocks, minerals and metals, notably limestone, quartz and feldspar. Of related interest in the history of geology, Minéralogie des volcans (1784) and the revised English edition of A Journey through England and Scotland to the Hebrides in 1784 (1907) are two other works by Faujas which are also reissued in this series.
The Cruise of H.M.S. Galatea
Authors: Milner John , Brierly Oswald Walters
Published: December 2014

In 1867, Prince Alfred, Queen Victoria's second son, commissioned the Galatea for a voyage around the world which would include the first royal visit to Australia. Stopping along the way in Rio de Janeiro and Cape Town, Alfred was received with great ceremony at each port of call. These visits provided the ship's chaplain John Milner (1822–97) and the artist Oswald Brierly (1817–94) with ample material for this chronicle, published in 1869, which gives background details of each region alongside scenes from the tour, enhanced by illustrations based on Brierly's sketches. The authors drew on various recollections and writings, including a letter from Alfred to his brother describing an elephant hunt in South Africa. The tour was abruptly curtailed in Sydney when a Fenian sympathiser attempted to assassinate the prince, an act which boosted support for the British royal family.
New Land
Authors: Sverdrup Otto Neumann
Published: December 2014

This well-illustrated account of polar exploration was originally published in Norway in 1903, and in this two-volume English translation in 1904. It tells the story of the four years spent by Otto Sverdrup (1854–1930) and his crew in surveying and charting the seas and coastlines of the Arctic. Sverdrup had qualified as a ship's master when he first met Fridtjof Nansen, whose Greenland expedition of 1888 he accompanied. He advised on the construction of Nansen's wooden ship, the Fram, and became its master in 1895. Both with Nansen and under his own leadership, he undertook many expeditions. In June 1898, he took the Fram and a crew including several scientists to Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic, where they overwintered for four years. Volume 1 describes the life and work of the first two years, including extensive trips away from the Fram, both on land and on the ice.
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
Authors: Hakluyt Richard
Published: December 2014

Richard Hakluyt (1552?–1616) was fascinated from his earliest years by stories of strange lands and voyages of exploration. A priest by profession, he was also an indefatigable editor and translator of geographical accounts, and a propagandist for English expeditions to claim new lands, especially in the Americas. His most famous work was first published in 1589, and expanded in 1598–1600: reissued here is the twelve-volume edition prepared by the Scottish firm of James MacLehose and Sons and first published between 1903 and 1905, which included introductory essays and notes. Hakluyt's subjects range from transcriptions of personal accounts and 'ruttiers' (descriptive charts of voyages) to patriotic attacks against rival nations (especially Spain). Volume 12 contains an essay on sixteenth-century voyages by the scholar Walter Raleigh (1861–1922), a general index to all the volumes, and an index to the individual ships referred to.
The South Pole
Authors: Amundsen Roald
Published: December 2014

On 14 December 1911, Roald Amundsen (1872–1928) and his Norwegian team became the first humans to reach the South Pole, a month before their ill-fated British rivals under the leadership of Robert Falcon Scott. Reissued here is the 1912 English translation of Amundsen's two-volume account of how this extraordinary and perilous feat was achieved. Illustrated throughout with illuminating maps and photographs, the text contains important details relating to matters of climate, equipment, diet, sledging and survival in forbiddingly cold conditions over uncertain terrain. Underpinning Amundsen's success, the use of dogs, skis and fur clothing made possible the dash to the pole and back without the loss of human life. While careful to present the expedition in the best light, Amundsen's work remains essential reading in the history of Antarctic exploration. Volume 2 covers the momentous journey to the pole and back, closing with chapters and appendices on nautical and scientific topics.
Appearances
Authors: Praga Teresa
Published: December 2014

This interesting piece of social history, published in 1899, appears to have been the first non-fiction work by Teresa Praga (d.1920), the wife of a portrait painter and miniaturist, who also published novels. Her later output included books on cookery, housekeeping and dress, many with the emphasis on 'easy' (Easy French Sweets for English Cooks, for example). Like Jane Panton (several of whose books on lifestyle are also reissued in this series), Praga is writing for middle-class wives with not much money, and aspirations to gracious living. Appearances (subtitled How to Keep Them Up on a Limited Income) is presented as autobiography: how a newly married woman, on a very restricted income but used to - and liking - being 'waited on', manages a house. With detailed descriptions of finances, menus, the duties of servants, and other minutiae, this is a light-hearted account of late Victorian housekeeping.
Varronianus
Authors: Donaldson John William
Published: December 2014

John William Donaldson (1811–61), though somewhat unorthodox in his methods, was an important, if controversial, figure in the development of comparative philology. In this 1844 publication, he attempts to supply young English scholars of Latin with an introductory guide to Latin philology by outlining the origins of the Roman people and, through this, explaining the foundational structures of the Latin language and how they gave rise to Classical Latin. Epigraphic evidence, drawn from the Twelve Tables in particular, is examined as part of the enquiry into Old Latin, and other Italic languages such as Umbrian, Oscan and Etruscan are considered as part of the development of a more standardised Latin language. Although many of the conclusions Donaldson draws are based on limited evidence, the book remains an interesting specimen of early comparative philology. His earlier work on Greek, The New Cratylus (1839), is also reissued in this series.
An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste
Authors: Knight Richard Payne
Published: December 2014

Classical scholar, art collector and connoisseur Richard Payne Knight (1751–1824) took a keen interest in aesthetics and was a key figure in the debate on the picturesque. Of independent means, he journeyed across Europe, often in the company of artists. His home, Downton Castle in Herefordshire, set the fashion for crenellations. He sat in Parliament from 1780 to 1806, but beauty interested him more than politics. Following important works on aesthetics by such writers as Edmund Burke and Uvedale Price, Knight published his most successful work in 1805, cementing his reputation as an authority on matters of taste. Here he moves away from the ideas of Price and Burke, instead exploring the role of associations in the expression of aesthetic judgement. Knight's Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet (1791) and Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology (1818) are also reissued in this series.
The Genuine Works of William Hogarth
Authors: Nichols John , Steevens George
Published: December 2014

This illustrated three-volume catalogue of the works of painter and engraver William Hogarth (1697–1764) was the result of 'Hogarthomania', the enthusiasm for all his productions which arose soon after his death. The publisher and author John Nichols (1745–1826), assisted by the collector and literary critic George Steevens, published a life of Hogarth and a list of his works in 1781, and as disputes increasingly arose over the genuineness of some of the prints attributed to him, enlarged versions appeared in 1782 and 1785. This work, published between 1808 and 1817, is the last in the sequence of Nichols' works on Hogarth, and remains a useful source for art historians and anyone interested in the cultural life of the eighteenth century. Volume 2 contains a catalogue of his works, an appendix of anecdotes about some of Hogarth's subjects, and his essay The Analysis of Beauty.
Life of Benjamin Robert Haydon, Historical Painter
Authors: Haydon Benjamin Robert
Published: December 2014

Before the painter Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846) committed suicide, he had left instructions that an account of his life should be published, using his autobiography up to 1820 and his letters and journals for the rest. The writer and dramatist Tom Taylor (1817–80) took on the editing, and the three-volume work was published in 1853. (The slightly enlarged second edition, also of 1853, is reissued here.) Haydon was a history painter at a time when that genre was perceived as the greatest form of the art, and his friends included Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, Charles Lamb, Hazlitt and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. However, he was constantly in financial difficulties, and in later life a sense of failure seems to have turned into outright paranoia. Volume 3 uses Haydon's journals to continue the account up to the day of his death. His two-volume Conversations and Table-Talk, edited by his son, is also reissued is this series.
The Origin of Printing
Authors: Bowyer William
Published: December 2014

This work, first published in 1774, consists of a reissue of the Dissertation on the Origin of Printing in England by Conyers Middleton (1683–1750), first published in 1735, together with an abridgement of an account of the origin of printing by the Dutch lawyer Gerard Meerman (1722–71). It was compiled by the scholar and publisher William Bowyer (1699–1777) and his apprentice and later business partner John Nichols (1745–1826), several of whose works are also published in this series. Both essays debate the origins of printing, disputing the traditional account that Gutenberg introduced it to Europe and Caxton to England. Appendices describe the progress of printing in Greek and Hebrew, and the first printed polyglot Bibles. The names and achievements of Gutenberg's contemporaries in Germany and the Low Countries are given their due in this interesting overview of the earliest period of printing in the West.
London
Authors: Knight Charles
Published: December 2014

The publisher and writer Charles Knight (1791–1873) was apprenticed to his printer father, but later became a journalist and then proprietor of various periodicals and magazines, many of which were driven by his concern for the education of the poor. As an author, he published a variety of works, including The Old Printer and the Modern Press (also reissued in this series). He claimed that this six-volume work on the architecture and history of London, published between 1841 and 1844, was neither a history nor a survey of London, but looked 'at the Present through the Past, and at the Past through the Present'. It relies on the skills of eminent artists to bring both the present and the past of London to life, and is arranged thematically rather than chronologically or geographically. This is a fascinating account of what was then the greatest city in the world.
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Nichols John
Published: December 2014

In this nine-volume work, published between 1812 and 1815, the author and publisher John Nichols (1745–1826) provides biographical notes on publishers, writers and artists of the eighteenth century, and also gives 'an incidental view of the progress and advancement of literature in this kingdom during the last century'. (A shorter version had been published in 1782.) His subjects range from the publisher William Bowyer to Henry Fielding and Horace Walpole, and also include histories of individual publishing houses and of genres such as lexicography. The work remains a useful source of biographical material on authors and publishers at a period when many of the literary genres we take for granted, such as the novel, the autobiography and the analytical history, were first being developed. Volume 3 includes memoirs of Henry Fielding and the printer John Baskerville, and a history of the Stationers' Company.
A Bibliography of Printing
Authors: Bigmore E. C. , Wyman C. W. H.
Published: December 2014

This three-volume bibliography of printing was published between 1880 and 1886 by E. C. Bigmore (1838–99) and C. W. H. Wyman (1832–1909), who had, unknown to each other, been working on similar projects and were brought together by the antiquarian bookseller and publisher Bernard Quaritch. The scope of the work, which quickly became a classic, includes 'typographic, lithographic, copperplate printing, etc., with the cognate arts of type-founding, stereotyping, electrotyping, and wood-engraving', but excludes the topics of paper and bookbinding. The three volumes are arranged in alphabetical order of surname of author; anonymous works are ordered by the wording of the title. Compiled with the assistance of such historians of printing as William Blades and John Southward (several of whose works are available in this series), this authoritative work is of continuing value to bibliographers. Volume 1, published in 1880, contains an introduction and covers the letters A to L.
Autobiographical Recollections
Authors: Leslie Charles Robert
Published: December 2014

The Royal Academician Charles Leslie (1794–1859) also wrote biographies of fellow painters. His life of John Constable and a two-volume work on Sir Joshua Reynolds are also reissued in this series. On his death, the Reynolds work was completed by the journalist and dramatist Tom Taylor (1817–80), who also edited Leslie's two-volume autobiography, published in 1860. Though born in London, Leslie was an American, a child prodigy in drawing, who returned to Britain in 1811 to study painting with Benjamin West and Washington Allston. He had enormous admiration for the paintings of his contemporaries and of the previous generation, and his reminiscences are intended to preserve 'some recollections of those chiefly whom I could praise'. Volume 2 of this lively and self-deprecating work, full of good-humoured anecdotes, consists of extensive extracts from Leslie's letters and an appendix listing his paintings.
An Historiall Expostulation against the Beastlye Abusers, Both of Chyrurgerie and Physyke, in oure Tyme
Authors: Hall John
Published: December 2014

The surgeon Thomas Pettigrew (1791–1865) was interested in all aspects of antiquity. He gained fame in society through his mummy-unwrapping parties, and his History of Egyptian Mummies is also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection. His interest in the early history of medicine is evidenced by this edition of a work by John Hall, which was published by the Percy Society in 1844. Hall was a surgeon, born 1529/30, who published this work in 1565 as an appendix to his translation of the work of the thirteenth-century surgeon Lanfranc of Milan. Little is known about Hall except that he practised medicine in Maidstone, Kent, and had published acrostic verses. He was vociferous in his indignation against fraudulent medicine, and this work describes nine incidents where quacks, both male and female, had visited Maidstone and offered miraculous cures to the gullible: Hall himself was involved in prosecuting some of them.
Recollections of the British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom
Authors: Smith Thomas
Published: December 2014

The British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom was founded as a private art gallery in 1805, and took over the lease of publisher John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery in Pall Mall, London. Its rich and noble subscribers (including the Prince of Wales, later George IV) patronised exhibitions of contemporary works, and also lent items for shows of Old Masters. The Institution also took in art students, and was a very popular public attraction in London: Jane Austen was among the many visitors from around the country. This 1860 book by Thomas Smith, a London historian, describes the founding and development of the Institution, with notices of its regular exhibitions and of special events such as the memorial dinner for Sir Joshua Reynolds. This is a fascinating account of a popular gallery in the first half of the nineteenth century, and of the tastes of its patrons and visitors.
A History of Modern Culture
Authors: Smith Preserved
Published: December 2014

Preserved Smith (1880–1941), a professor in the history department of Cornell University, owed his unusual first name to Puritan ancestors who could be traced back to the seventeenth century. His great interest was in the Protestant reformation, and its wide-ranging political and cultural effects in Europe and America. An obituary remarks that his writings 'reveal a remarkable breadth of knowledge and interest and a consistent devotion to high standards of scholarly integrity'. This two-volume work of 1930–4, discussing 'modern culture' from 1543 to 1776, displays these qualities in abundance. Volume 2 deals with the Enlightenment from 1687 to 1776, and, like Volume 1, starts by considering the role of science as the driver of rapidly evolving cultural, social and political change. The work is a remarkable and readable overview of the emergence of modern society.
The Works of Anna Laetitia Barbauld
Authors: Barbauld Anna Laetitia
Published: December 2014

The writer Anna Laetitia Barbauld (1743–1825) was famous for her poems and essays, her writings for children (she and her husband ran a school), and for her edition of the correspondence of Samuel Richardson (also reissued in this series). The sister of John Aikin, the physician and writer, she moved in the dissenting circle of the Warrington Academy, where her father was a teacher: Joseph Priestley was a close friend. This two-volume edition of some of her poems and prose works was compiled by her niece Lucy Aikin (also a writer), and published soon after her death in 1825. The wit, elegance and deep feeling of Barbauld's works led to her being regarded as one of the most important writers of the early Romantic period. Volume 1 contains a short biography and a selection of poems in many genres, including a comic description of Priestley's study.
The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and United Provinces
Authors: Burney Charles
Published: December 2014

Although a well-connected music teacher by profession, Charles Burney (1726–1814) gained greatest recognition for his writings on music. In this 1773 work, reissued here in its 1775 second edition, Burney recounts the 1772 journey that he undertook as one of two research trips for his General History of Music (1776–89). Throughout his travels, he was welcomed by the leading musicians of the day and heard many performances of the latest music. The whole account provides an invaluable first-hand insight into European musical life in the eighteenth century. Burney's General History and The Present State of Music in France and Italy (1772), the record of his first tour, are also reissued in this series. Volume 1 includes his visits to Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt, and to Vienna where he spent considerable time with the librettist Metastasio and the composers Hasse and Gluck.
News Frames and National Security
Authors: McLeod Douglas M. , Shah Dhavan V.
Published: December 2014

Did media coverage contribute to Americans' tendency to favor national security over civil liberties following the 9/11 attacks? How did news framing of terrorist threats support the expanding surveillance state revealed by Edward Snowden? Douglas M. McLeod and Dhavan V. Shah explore the power of news coverage to render targeted groups suspicious and to spur support for government surveillance. They argue that the tendency of journalists to frame stories around individual targets of surveillance - personifying the domestic threat - shapes citizens' judgments about tolerance and participation, leading them to limit the civil liberties of a range of groups under scrutiny and to support 'Big Brother'.