bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology of Dyeing beyond Text
Authors: Karlsone Anete
Published: May 2024

A major source in the research on Baltic cultural history (Latvia, Estonia), including studies dedicated to the clothing of local inhabitants, are the drawings and descriptions of Johann Christoph Brotze (1742–1823), which date back to the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. They contain references to dyes and dyeing methods used by local peasants. The information recorded by J. C. Brotze, although fragmentary, is valuable because researchers lack documentary sources about the dyeing methods used in the 18th century in the territory of present-day Latvia. Additional research yields more extensive information about the contents of the descriptions. The current article will describe the experimental method that enabled the establishment of the specific dyeing technique, which, using Bixa orellana L., was employed to obtain the particular orange color referred to in the descriptions.
Potassium Nutrition Induced Salinity Mitigation in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] by Altering Biomass and Physio-Biochemical Processes
Authors: Shani Muhammad Yousaf , Ashraf M. Yasin , Butt Ammara Khalid , Abbas Shahid , Nasif Muhammad , Khan Zafran , Mauro Rosario Paolo , Cannata Claudio , Gul Nimra , Ghaffar Maria , Amin Faiqa
Published: May 2024

The present investigation was conducted to explore the role of potassium nutrition in improving biomass and physio-chemical alterations to reduce the adverse effects of salinity in mungbean. A sand-culture experiment was carried out under different salinity levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) with two levels of potassium (0 and 50 mM K2SO4) and two mungbean cultivars (NM-92 and Ramzan), and the alterations in mungbean biomass and metabolic activities were investigated. The results suggested that salinity significantly reduced the biomass, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), nitrite reductase activity (NiRA), total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous contents in both mungbean cultivars in comparison to the control. However, K2SO4 at 50 mM significantly improved all the parameters in both mungbean cultivars except for the sodium content. A significant increase in the total free amino acids, carotenoids, and sodium content in both mungbean cultivars was observed due to salt stress. Moreover, principal component analysis and heatmaps were developed individually for both mungbean cultivars to assess the variability and correlation among the studied attributes under all applied treatments. Under saline conditions, the mungbean ‘Ramzan’ showed more marked reductions in almost all the growth parameters as compared to ‘NM-92’. The results suggest that the application of K2SO4 ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity by regulating osmolyte production, NRA, and NiRA, thus promoting plant growth and productivity.
Assessing Risks in Cross-Regional Tourism Corridors: A Case Study of Tibetan Plateau Tourism
Authors: Li Ziqiang , Ye Sui , Xi Jianchao
Published: May 2024

Due to the frequent impact of external risks, scientific tourism risk assessment has become the primary task to be implemented in the process of tourism development. Especially with the development of self-driving travel, cross-regional tourism corridors have become an important tourism carrier. However, compared to traditional fixed-location tourism, cross-regional tourism introduces a more intricate landscape of risks. Therefore, there is a pressing need to assess the tourism risks inherent in these corridors. There are many cross-regional tourism corridors in the Tibetan Plateau, but the natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau brings great risks to these tourism corridors. That is why this study focuses on the Tibetan Plateau’s tourism corridors, employing methodologies such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process, entropy weight method, geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analysis, and others to delve into their tourism risk profiles and the influencing factors. Our findings reveal elevated tourism risks across the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, notably concentrated along the Yunnan–Tibet Line, north Sichuan–Tibet Line, Xinjiang–Tibet Line, Tangfan Ancient Road, Qinghai–Tibet Line, and south Sichuan–Tibet Line. Furthermore, Geodetector was employed to scrutinize the factors influencing tourism risk within the Tibetan Plateau’s corridors, identifying tourism resource endowment, geographical location, precipitation patterns, and economic foundations as primary influencers. Notably, the interaction between these factors exacerbates the overall tourism risk. These insights significantly contribute to the field of tourism risk research and provide a scientific basis for formulating robust tourism safety management strategies within the Tibetan Plateau region.
Matrix Remodeling Enzymes as Potential Fluid Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bašić Jelena , Milošević Vuk , Djordjević Branka , Stojiljković Vladana , Živanović Milica , Stefanović Nikola , Aracki Trenkić Aleksandra , Stojanov Dragan , Jevtović Stoimenov Tatjana , Stojanović Ivana
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma biomarkers—specifically, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), CD147, and the MMP-/TIMP-1 ratio in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The research cohort comprised patients diagnosed with probable AD dementia and a control group of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. Neuroradiological assessments included brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following dementia protocols, with subsequent volumetric analysis. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers were classified using the A/T/N system, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status was determined. Findings revealed elevated plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in AD dementia patients compared to CU individuals. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated significant differences in the areas under the curve (AUC) for MMP-9 (p < 0.001) and TIMP-1 (p < 0.001). Notably, plasma TIMP-1 levels were significantly lower in APOE ε4+ patients than in APOE ε4− patients (p = 0.041). Furthermore, APOE ε4+ patients exhibited reduced hippocampal volume, particularly in total, right, and left hippocampal measurements. TIMP-1 levels exhibited a positive correlation, while the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio showed a negative correlation with hippocampal volume parameters. This study sheds light on the potential use of TIMP-1 as a diagnostic marker and its association with hippocampal changes in AD.
Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the HSP70 and HSP90 Gene Families in Thamnaconus septentrionalis
Authors: Chen Ying , Chang Qing , Fang Qinmei , Zhang Ziyang , Wu Dan , Bian Li , Chen Siqing
Published: May 2024

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins that play an important role in biological responses to various environmental stresses. The mariculture of Thamnaconus septentrionalis, a burgeoning aquaculture species in China, frequently encounters stressors such as extreme temperatures, salinity variations, and elevated ammonia levels. However, systematic identification and analysis of the HSP70 and HSP90 gene families in T. septentrionalis remain unexplored. This study conducted the first genome-wide identification of 12 HSP70 and 4 HSP90 genes in T. septentrionalis, followed by a comprehensive analysis including phylogenetics, gene structure, conserved domains, chromosomal localization, and expression profiling. Expression analysis from RNA-seq data across various tissues and developmental stages revealed predominant expression in muscle, spleen, and liver, with the highest expression found during the tailbud stage, followed by the gastrula, neurula, and juvenile stages. Under abiotic stress, most HSP70 and HSP90 genes were upregulated in response to high temperature, high salinity, and low salinity, notably hspa5 during thermal stress, hspa14 in high salinity, and hsp90ab1 under low salinity conditions. Ammonia stress led to a predominance of downregulated HSP genes in the liver, particularly hspa2, while upregulation was observed in the gills, especially for hsp90b1. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis corroborated the expression levels under environmental stresses, validating their involvement in stress responses. This investigation provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of HSP70 and HSP90 in T. septentrionalis under stress, offering valuable information for future functional studies of HSPs in teleost evolution, optimizing aquaculture techniques, and developing stress-resistant strains.
Translational Relevance of Secondary Intracellular Signaling Cascades Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zavvarian Mohammad-Masoud , Modi Akshat D. , Sadat Sarah , Hong James , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: May 2024

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening and life-altering condition that results in debilitating sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. Despite significant advances in the clinical management of traumatic SCI, many patients continue to suffer due to a lack of effective therapies. The initial mechanical injury to the spinal cord results in a series of secondary molecular processes and intracellular signaling cascades in immune, vascular, glial, and neuronal cell populations, which further damage the injured spinal cord. These intracellular cascades present promising translationally relevant targets for therapeutic intervention due to their high ubiquity and conservation across eukaryotic evolution. To date, many therapeutics have shown either direct or indirect involvement of these pathways in improving recovery after SCI. However, the complex, multifaceted, and heterogeneous nature of traumatic SCI requires better elucidation of the underlying secondary intracellular signaling cascades to minimize off-target effects and maximize effectiveness. Recent advances in transcriptional and molecular neuroscience provide a closer characterization of these pathways in the injured spinal cord. This narrative review article aims to survey the MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Rho-ROCK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, in addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the involvement and therapeutic potential of these secondary intracellular pathways following traumatic SCI.
Case Report of Suspected Gonadal Mosaicism in FOXP1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Zsigmond Anna , Till Ágnes , Bene Judit , Czakó Márta , Mikó Alexandra , Hadzsiev Kinga
Published: May 2024

Heterozygous mutations in the FOXP1 gene (OMIM#605515) are responsible for a well-characterized neurodevelopmental syndrome known as “intellectual developmental disorder with language impairment with or without autistic features” (OMIM#613670) or FOXP1 syndrome for short. The main features of the condition are global developmental delay/intellectual disability; speech impairment in all individuals, regardless of their level of cognitive abilities; behavioral abnormalities; congenital anomalies, including subtle dysmorphic features; and strabismus, brain, cardiac, and urogenital abnormalities. Here, we present two siblings with a de novo heterozygous FOXP1 variant, namely, a four-year-old boy and 14-month-old girl. Both children have significantly delayed early psychomotor development, hypotonia, and very similar, slightly dysmorphic facial features. A lack of expressive speech was the leading symptom in the case of the four-year-old boy. We performed whole-exome sequencing on the male patient, which identified a pathogenic heterozygous c.1541G>A (p.Arg514His) FOXP1 mutation. His sister’s targeted mutation analysis also showed the same heterozygous FOXP1 variant. Segregation analysis revealed the de novo origin of the mutation, suggesting the presence of parental gonadal mosaicism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of gonadal mosaicism in FOXP1-related neurodevelopmental disorders in the medical literature.
Relationships between Serotonin Transporter Availability and the Global Efficiency of the Executive Control Brain Network
Authors: Janet Rémi , Derrington Edmund , Dreher Jean-Claude
Published: May 2024

The diverse effects of serotonin on cognition may emerge from the modulation of large-scale brain networks that support distinct cognitive processes. Yet, the specific effect of serotoninergic modulation on the properties of these networks remains elusive. Here, we used a simultaneous PET-fMRI scanner combined with graph theory analyses to investigate the modulation of network properties by the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) availability measured in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We defined global efficiency as the average mean of efficiencies over all pairs of distinct nodes of specific brain networks, and determined whether SERT levels correlated with the global efficiency of each network. SERT availability in the DRN correlated negatively with the global efficiency of the executive control brain network, which is engaged in cognitive control and directed attention. No relationship was observed between SERT availability and the global efficiency of the default mode or the salience brain networks. These findings indicate a specific role of serotoninergic modulation in the executive control brain network via a change in its global efficiency.
Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Muscle Atrophy and Weakness Can Be Ameliorated by an Inhibition of TGF-β-Activated Kinase-1
Authors: Kanai Mai , Ganbaatar Byambasuren , Endo Itsuro , Ohnishi Yukiyo , Teramachi Jumpei , Tenshin Hirofumi , Higa Yoshiki , Hiasa Masahiro , Mitsui Yukari , Hara Tomoyo , Masuda Shiho , Yamagami Hiroki , Yamaguchi Yuki , Aihara Ken-ichi , Sebe Mayu , Tsutsumi Rie , Sakaue Hiroshi , Matsumoto Toshio , Abe Masahiro
Published: May 2024

Chronic inflammation causes muscle wasting. Because most inflammatory cytokine signals are mediated via TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) activation, inflammatory cytokine-induced muscle wasting may be ameliorated by the inhibition of TAK1 activity. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether TAK1 inhibition can ameliorate inflammation-induced muscle wasting. SKG/Jcl mice as an autoimmune arthritis animal model were treated with a small amount of mannan as an adjuvant to enhance the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. The increase in these inflammatory cytokines caused a reduction in muscle mass and strength along with an induction of arthritis in SKG/Jcl mice. Those changes in muscle fibers were mediated via the phosphorylation of TAK1, which activated the downstream signaling cascade via NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and ERK pathways, resulting in an increase in myostatin expression. Myostatin then reduced the expression of muscle proteins not only via a reduction in MyoD1 expression but also via an enhancement of Atrogin-1 and Murf1 expression. TAK1 inhibitor, LL-Z1640-2, prevented all the cytokine-induced changes in muscle wasting. Thus, TAK1 inhibition can be a new therapeutic target of not only joint destruction but also muscle wasting induced by inflammatory cytokines.
Analytical Ultracentrifugation to Assess the Quality of LNP-mRNA Therapeutics
Authors: Guerrini Giuditta , Mehn Dora , Scaccabarozzi Diletta , Gioria Sabrina , Calzolai Luigi
Published: May 2024

The approval of safe and effective LNP-mRNA vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is catalyzing the development of the next generation of mRNA therapeutics. Proper characterization methods are crucial for assessing the quality and efficacy of these complex formulations. Here, we show that analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) can measure, simultaneously and without any sample preparation step, the sedimentation coefficients of both the LNP-mRNA formulation and the mRNA molecules. This allows measuring several quality attributes, such as particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency and density of the formulation. The technique can also be applied to study the stability of the formulation under stress conditions and different buffers.
Exploratory Untargeted Metabolomics of Dried Blood Spot Samples from Newborns with Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Alotaibi Abeer Z. , AlMalki Reem H. , Al Mogren Maha , Sebaa Rajaa , Alanazi Mohammad , Jacob Minnie , Alodaib Ahamd , Alfares Ahmad , Abdel Rahman Anas M.
Published: May 2024

Currently, tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening (NBS), which examines targeted biomarkers, is the first approach used for the early detection of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) in newborns, followed by confirmatory genetic mutation tests. However, these diagnostic approaches have limitations, demanding the development of additional tools for the diagnosis/screening of MUSD. Recently, untargeted metabolomics has been used to explore metabolic profiling and discover the potential biomarkers/pathways of inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, we aimed to discover a distinctive metabolic profile and biomarkers/pathways for MSUD newborns using untargeted metabolomics. Herein, untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze dried blood spot (DBS) samples from 22 MSUD and 22 healthy control newborns. Our data identified 210 altered endogenous metabolites in MSUD newborns and new potential MSUD biomarkers, particularly L-alloisoleucine, methionine, and lysoPI. In addition, the most impacted pathways in MSUD newborns were the ascorbate and aldarate pathways and pentose and glucuronate interconversions, suggesting that oxidative and detoxification events may occur in early life. Our approach leads to the identification of new potential biomarkers/pathways that could be used for the early diagnosis/screening of MSUD newborns but require further validation studies. Our untargeted metabolomics findings have undoubtedly added new insights to our understanding of the pathogenicity of MSUD, which helps us select the appropriate early treatments for better health outcomes.
GFAP as Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Cargo in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients—A Pilot Study
Authors: Forró Timea , Manu Doina Ramona , Băjenaru Ovidiu-Lucian , Bălașa Rodica
Published: May 2024

The utility of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been extensively studied in recent years. Here, we aimed to assess its potential role as a cargo protein of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by astrocytes (ADEVs) in response to brain ischemia. Plasma samples from eighteen AIS patients at 24 h (D1), 7 days (D7), and one month (M1) post-symptoms onset, and nine age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factor-matched healthy controls were obtained to isolate EVs using the Exoquick ULTRA EV kit. Subsets of presumed ADEVs were identified further by the expression of the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) as a specific marker of astrocytes with the Basic Exo-Flow Capture kit. Western blotting has tested the presence of GFAP in ADEV cargo. Post-stroke ADEV GFAP levels were elevated at D1 and D7 but not M1 compared to controls (p = 0.007, p = 0.019, and p = 0.344, respectively). Significant differences were highlighted in ADEV GFAP content at the three time points studied (n = 12, p = 0.027) and between D1 and M1 (z = 2.65, p = 0.023). A positive correlation was observed between the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at D7 and ADEV GFAP at D1 (r = 0.58, p = 0.010) and D7 (r = 0.57, p = 0.013), respectively. ADEV GFAP may dynamically reflect changes during the first month post-ischemia. Profiling ADEVs from peripheral blood could provide a new way to assess the central nervous system pathology.
The Ocular Glymphatic System—Current Understanding and Future Perspectives
Authors: Delle Christine , Wang Xiaowei , Nedergaard Maiken
Published: May 2024

The ocular glymphatic system subserves the bidirectional polarized fluid transport in the optic nerve, whereby cerebrospinal fluid from the brain is directed along periarterial spaces towards the eye, and fluid from the retina is directed along perivenous spaces following upon its axonal transport across the glial lamina. Fluid homeostasis and waste removal are vital for retinal function, making the ocular glymphatic fluid pathway a potential route for targeted manipulation to combat blinding ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Several lines of work investigating the bidirectional ocular glymphatic transport with varying methodologies have developed diverging mechanistic models, which has created some confusion about how ocular glymphatic transport should be defined. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the ocular glymphatic system, aiming to address misconceptions and foster a cohesive understanding of the topic.
Stress Affects Mast Cell Proteases in Murine Skin in a Model of Atopic Dermatitis-like Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Rommel Frank R. , Tumala Susanne , Urban Anna-Lena , Siebenhaar Frank , Kruse Johannes , Gieler Uwe , Peters Eva M. J.
Published: May 2024

Stress exposure worsens allergic inflammatory diseases substantially. Mast cells (MCs) play a key role in peripheral immune responses to neuroendocrine stress mediators such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP). Mast cell proteases (MCPs) and cholinergic factors (Chrna7, SLURP1) were recently described to modulate MC stress response. We studied MCPs and Chrna7/SLURP1 and their interplay in a mouse model for noise induced stress (NiS) and atopic dermatitis-like allergic inflammation (AlD) and in cultured MC lacking Chrna7. We found that the cholinergic stress axis interacts with neuroendocrine stress mediators and stress-mediator cleaving enzymes in AlD. SP-cleaving mMCP4+ MC were upregulated in AlD and further upregulated by stress in NiS+AlD. Anti-NGF neutralizing antibody treatment blocked the stress-induced upregulation in vivo, and mMCP4+ MCs correlated with measures of AlD disease activity. Finally, high mMCP4 production in response to SP depended on Chrna7/SLURP1 in cultured MCs. In conclusion, mMCP4 and its upstream regulation by Chrna7/SLURP1 are interesting novel targets for the treatment of allergic inflammation and its aggravation by stress.
The Personification of ChatGPT (GPT-4)—Understanding Its Personality and Adaptability
Authors: Stöckli Leandro , Joho Luca , Lehner Felix , Hanne Thomas
Published: May 2024

Thanks to the publication of ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence is now basically accessible and usable to all internet users. The technology behind it can be used in many chatbots, whereby the chatbots should be trained for the respective area of application. Depending on the application, the chatbot should react differently and thus, for example, also take on and embody personality traits to be able to help and answer people better and more personally. This raises the question of whether ChatGPT-4 is able to embody personality traits. Our study investigated whether ChatGPT-4’s personality can be analyzed using personality tests for humans. To test possible approaches to measuring the personality traits of ChatGPT-4, experiments were conducted with two of the most well-known personality tests: the Big Five and Myers–Briggs. The experiments also examine whether and how personality can be changed by user input and what influence this has on the results of the personality tests.
Private Firm Valuation Using Multiples: Can Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Learn Better Peer Groups?
Authors: Jagrič Timotej , Fister Dušan , Grbenic Stefan Otto , Herman Aljaž
Published: May 2024

Forming optimal peer groups is a crucial step in multiplier valuation. Among others, the traditional regression methodology requires the definition of the optimal set of peer selection criteria and the optimal size of the peer group a priori. Since there exists no universally applicable set of closed and complementary rules on selection criteria due to the complexity and the diverse nature of firms, this research exclusively examines unlisted companies, rendering direct comparisons with existing studies impractical. To address this, we developed a bespoke benchmark model through rigorous regression analysis. Our aim was to juxtapose its outcomes with our unique approach, enriching the understanding of unlisted company transaction dynamics. To stretch the performance of the linear regression method to the maximum, various datasets on selection criteria (full as well as F- and NCA-optimized) were employed. Using a sample of over 20,000 private firm transactions, model performance was evaluated employing multiplier prediction error measures (emphasizing bias and accuracy) as well as prediction superiority directly. Emphasizing five enterprise and equity value multiples, the results allow for the overall conclusion that the self-organizing map algorithm outperforms the traditional linear regression model in both minimizing the valuation error as measured by the multiplier prediction error measures as well as in direct prediction superiority. Consequently, the machine learning methodology offers a promising way to improve peer selection in private firm multiplier valuation.
Machine Learning for Smart Irrigation in Agriculture: How Far along Are We?
Authors: Del-Coco Marco , Leo Marco , Carcagnì Pierluigi
Published: May 2024

The management of water resources is becoming increasingly important in several contexts, including agriculture. Recently, innovative agricultural practices, advanced sensors, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have made it possible to improve the efficiency of water use. However, it is the application of control strategies based on advanced machine learning techniques that enables the adoption of smart irrigation scheduling and the immediate economic, social, and environmental benefits. This challenging research area has attracted the attention of many researchers worldwide, who have proposed several technological and methodological solutions. Unfortunately, the results of these scientific efforts have not yet been categorized in a thematic survey, making it difficult to understand how far we are from optimal water management based on machine learning. This paper fills this gap by focusing on smart irrigation systems with an emphasis on machine learning. More specifically, the generic structure of a smart agriculture system is presented, and existing machine learning strategies and available datasets are discussed. Furthermore, several open issues are identified, especially in the processing of long-term data, also due to the lack of corresponding annotated datasets. Finally, some interesting future research directions to be pursued in order to build scalable, domain-independent approaches are proposed.
Topical Toxicity and Repellency Profiles of 17 Essential Oil Components against Insecticide-Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Adult Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Tian Yuexun , Hogsette Jerome A. , Norris Edmund J. , Hu Xing Ping
Published: May 2024

The house fly is a significant pest in agriculture and human health that is increasingly difficult to manage due to multiple limitations including resistance development. To explore alternative pesticides, the topical toxicity and repellency profiles of 17 essential oil components (EOCs) were evaluated against a resistant and a susceptible strain of house fly, Musca domestica L., using topical application and Y-tube olfactometers, respectively. Six of the most toxic EOCs based on the LD50 were further investigated against a susceptible strain of house fly. Thymol, (+)-pulegone, eugenol, and carvacrol were always the top four most toxic chemicals tested against the resistant house fly strain. Little to no resistance was observed to the top six EOCs based on the comparison of the results between resistant and susceptible house fly strains. P-Cymene, citronellic acid, R-(+)-limonene, linalool, γ-terpinene, estragole, and eugenol were repellent to adult house flies at certain concentrations while (-)-carvone and thymol were attractive to adult house flies. This screening of a wide variety of individual EOCs provides a stronger foundation of information for further research. This should encourage further investigation into the topical toxicity and repellency in field studies, which will provide more insight into the performance of biopesticides for house fly management and potential commercialization.
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of An Epidemic Communication System
Authors: Yamada Naoki , Hiraguri Takefumi , Kimura Tomotaka , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Takemura Yoshihiro , Matsuda Takahiro
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to discuss epidemic communication for drones to share information in flight and to develop a wireless system for implementation. Various theoretical studies have been conducted on epidemic communication, but their applications are not clear, so a system that assumes practical use is developed. As the main evaluation items, we analyzed the effect of communication interference between drones on the amount of data transmission, and furthermore, proposed an optimal transmission method depending on the flight speed. In these analysis results, we designed functions to be implemented in drones, developed wireless devices, and confirmed their operation through demonstration tests using actual drones. Based on the results of this research, we succeeded in identifying issues to be addressed in order to implement the system on drones and in developing an epidemic communication system based on the results of demonstration experiments, thereby contributing to the realization of inter-drone communication in the future.
Utilization of Immunotherapy as a Neoadjuvant Therapy for Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abdelrahim Maen , Esmail Abdullah , Divatia Mukul K. , Xu Jiaqiong , Kodali Sudha , Victor David W. , Brombosz Elizabeth , Connor Ashton A. , Saharia Ashish , Elaileh Ahmed , Kaseb Ahmed O. , Ghobrial Rafik Mark
Published: May 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely recognized as the predominant type of primary liver malignancy. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has emerged as a highly effective treatment option for unresectable HCC. Immunotherapies as neoadjuvant options are now being actively investigated in the transplant oncology era to enhance outcomes in patients with HCC. Here, we report our experience with patients with HCC who had received Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICPI) prior to curative OLT. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort that included patients with HCC who received ICPI prior to OLT at a single institution from January 2019 to August 2023. Graft rejection was assessed and reported along with the type of ICPI, malignancy treated, and the timing of ICPI in association with OLT. Results: During this cohort period, six patients with HCC underwent OLT after neoadjuvant ICPI. All patients were male with a median age of 61 (interquartile range: 59–64) years at OLT. Etiology associated with HCC was viral (N = 4) or Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH (N = 2). Tumor focality was multifocal (N = 4) and unifocal (N = 2). Lymphovascular invasion was identified in four patients. No perineural invasion was identified in any of the patients. All patients received ICPI including atezolizumab/bevacizumab (N = 4), nivolumab/ipilimumab (N = 1), and nivolumab as monotherapy (N = 1). All patients received either single or combined liver-directed/locoregional therapy, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), Yttrium-90 (Y90), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The median washout period was 5 months. All patients responded to ICPI and achieved a safe and successful OLT. All patients received tacrolimus plus mycophenolate as immunosuppressant (IS) therapy post-OLT and one patient received prednisone as additional IS. No patient had clinical evidence of rejection. Conclusions: This cohort emphasizes the success of tumor downstaging by ICPI for OLT when employed as the neoadjuvant therapy strategy. In addition, this study illustrated the importance of timing for the administration of ICPI before OLT. Given the lack of conclusive evidence in this therapeutic area, we believe that our study lays the groundwork for prospective trials to further examine the impact of ICPI prior to OLT.
Benefits of Biosimilars in the Management of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An International Survey
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: The development of biosimilar drugs has revolutionized the management of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), significantly reducing healthcare costs. However, the impact of biosimilar availability on patient care is unknown. We conducted a survey to investigate the benefits of using biosimilars in patients with IBD. Methods: Physicians involved in the IBD care were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. The questionnaire consisted of 42 questions addressing availability, cost, recommendations, and positioning regarding the use of biosimilars. Results: A total of 233 physicians (88.4% gastroenterologists) from 63 countries worldwide participated in the survey. Most respondents had >10 years of practice (202/233, 85.9%). Biosimilars were available in almost all cases (221, 94.8%), and over two-thirds of respondents had more than one biosimilar of adalimumab or infliximab on hospital formulary. In most cases, adalimumab and infliximab biosimilars had a reduced cost of at least 30% compared to the originators. The savings resulting from the use of biosimilars allowed physicians to improve patient care (3/233, 1.3%) or to improve research (2/233, 0.8%) in only a few cases. Interestingly, for about 50% of respondents, the cost of biologics was a limitation for patient access to therapy. For the majority of participants, the availability of biosimilars did not influence treatment decisions in Crohn’s disease (70/165, 42.4%) and ulcerative colitis (83/165, 50.3%). Conclusions: The reduced cost of biosimilars compared to reference products is the main driver of choice in IBD. The impact of biosimilars of ustekinumab and vedolizumab in improving access to therapies and changing the treatment algorithm remains to be defined.
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) and Cochlear Implant Outcomes in Axonal Auditory Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Rance Gary , Wills Raoul , Kornberg Andrew , Zanin Julien
Published: May 2024

Background: Progressive auditory dysfunction is common in patients with generalized neurodegenerative conditions, but clinicians currently lack the diagnostic tools to determine the location/degree of the pathology and, hence, to provide appropriate intervention. In this study, we present the white-matter microstructure measurements derived from a novel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) technique in a patient with axonal auditory neuropathy and consider the findings in relation to the auditory intervention outcomes. Methods: We tracked the hearing changes in an adolescent with Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency (Type 2), evaluating the sound detection/discrimination, auditory evoked potentials, and both structural- and diffusion-weighted MRI findings over a 3-year period. In addition, we explored the effect of bilateral cochlear implantation in this individual. Results: Between the ages of 15 years and 18 years, the patient showed a complete loss of functional hearing ability. The auditory brainstem response testing indicated an auditory neuropathy with evidence of normal cochlear function but disrupted auditory neural activity. While three structural MRI assessments across this period showed a clinically normal cochleovestibular anatomy, the dMRI evaluation revealed a significant loss of fiber density consistent with axonopathy. The subsequent cochlear implant function was affected with the high levels of current required to elicit auditory sensations and concomitant vestibular and facial nerve stimulation issues. Conclusions: The case study demonstrates the ability of dMRI technologies to identify the subtle white-matter microstructure changes in the auditory pathway, which may disrupt the neural function in patients with auditory axonopathy.
Management of Pediatric Superficial Partial-Thickness Burns with Polyhexamethylene Biguanide: Outcomes and Influencing Factors
Authors: Lőrincz Aba , Nudelman Hermann , Lamberti Anna Gabriella , Garami András , Tiborcz Krisztina Adrienne , Kovács Tamás Zoltán , Józsa Gergő
Published: May 2024

Background: In burn care, achieving swift healing with minimal complications remains paramount. This investigation assesses the role of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) in managing pediatric superficial partial-thickness burns, focusing on the effects of various patient-specific factors on recovery. Methods: Through a retrospective analysis of 27 pediatric cases treated with PHMB, we evaluated the impact of age, burn size, dressing frequency, treatment delay, cold therapy application, and analgesic usage on the time until reepithelialization (TTRE). Results: The majority of patients benefited from early cold therapy, yet only 1 in 3 patients received analgesics. A mean healing time of 8.78 (SD: 2.64) days was observed, with the extent of the burn showing a strong correlation (r: 0.63) to TTRE. Most treatments were managed outpatient, evidenced by a negligible average hospital stay (0.96 days), with recorded no complications. Conclusions: Our findings endorse PHMB as a promising treatment for superficial second-degree burns in young patients, due to the observed stable and rapid wound closure without the association of increased risks. Continued exploration into the optimal application of prehospital interventions and the comprehensive benefits of PHMB in pediatric burn management is necessary. Future research should assess long-term outcomes, including functionality, scar quality, and patient satisfaction.
Exploring the Perioperative Use of DOACs, off the Beaten Track
Authors: Lucà Fabiana , Oliva Fabrizio , Giubilato Simona , Abrignani Maurizio Giuseppe , Rao Carmelo Massimiliano , Cornara Stefano , Caretta Giorgio , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Ceravolo Roberto , Parrini Iris , Murrone Adriano , Geraci Giovanna , Riccio Carmine , Gelsomino Sandro , Colivicchi Furio , Grimaldi Massimo , Gulizia Michele Massimo
Published: May 2024

A notable increase in direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use has been observed in the last decade. This trend has surpassed the prescription of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) due to the absence of the need for regular laboratory monitoring and the more favorable characteristics in terms of efficacy and safety. However, it is very common that patients on DOACs need an interventional or surgical procedure, requiring a careful evaluation and a challenging approach. Therefore, perioperative anticoagulation management of patients on DOACs represents a growing concern for clinicians. Indeed, while several surgical interventions require temporary discontinuation of DOACs, other procedures that involve a lower risk of bleeding can be conducted, maintaining a minimal or uninterrupted DOAC strategy. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of patient characteristics, including age, susceptibility to stroke, previous bleeding complications, concurrent medications, renal and hepatic function, and other factors, in addition to surgical considerations, is mandatory to establish the optimal discontinuation and resumption timing of DOACs. A multidisciplinary approach is required for managing perioperative anticoagulation in order to establish how to face these circumstances. This narrative review aims to provide physicians with a practical guide for DOAC perioperative management, addressing the most controversial issues.
Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis under Long-Term Levothyroxine Therapy: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Tabakoglu Nilgun Tan , Celik Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To investigate quality of life using the SF-12 scale in euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients on levothyroxine therapy for at least three years. Methods: This prospective case–control study included 44 euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients and 44 matched controls, conducted at a university hospital’s endocrinology clinic from 6 November to 30 December 2023. Participants completed the SF-12 questionnaire; data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk, Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Yates chi-squared, and Spearman’s tests. Results: The study involved 88 participants (Hashimoto’s group: 35 females, 9 males; control group: 31 females, 13 males), with average ages of 49.50 and 47.43 years old, respectively. Significant differences were observed in TSH, T4 levels, and family history (p < 0.05). The Hashimoto’s thyroiditis group showed higher thyroid peroxidase antibodies (95.69 IU/mL) and lower scores on both physical and mental sub-dimensions of SF-12, with a significant difference in physical scores (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between age and Anti-TG; Anti-TPO and Anti-TG; BMI and T3; TSH and T4; HDL and triglycerides; MCS-12 and PCS-12; Anti-TPO and T3; cholesterol and T3; and LDL and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Other variables showed no significant correlations (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows that effective control of hypothyroidism is not sufficient to reduce the negative effects of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on patients’ health-related quality of life. Beyond the normalization of hormone levels, comprehensive therapeutic strategies targeting the autoimmune aspects of the disease are essential for the management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This study provides a foundation for developing effective therapies that can enhance quality of life for patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Hypoplastic and Congenital Absence of Coronary Arteries and Its Correlation with Clinical Implications of Cardiac Circulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bruna-Mejias Alejandro , del Villar-Valdebenito Javiera , Roman Camila , Alcaíno-Adasme Catalina , Sepulveda-Loyola Walter , Orellana-Donoso Mathias , Nova-Baeza Pablo , Suazo-Santibañez Alejandra , Becerra-Farfan Alvaro , Sanchis-Gimeno Juan , Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José
Published: May 2024

Background: Coronary arteries originate from the first portion of the aorta, emerging from the right and left aortic sinuses. They traverse through the subepicardium and coronary sulcus to supply the myocardium during diastolic function. The objective of this review was to understand how the hypoplasia and agenesis of the coronary arteries are associated with cardiac pathologies. Methods: The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS were researched until January 2024. An assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA) was used to evaluate methodological quality. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of three studies met the established selection criteria for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of coronary artery variants was 3% (CI = 2% to 8%), with a heterogeneity of 77%. The other studies were analyzed descriptively, along with their respective clinical considerations in the presence of the variant. Conclusions: Hypoplasia and the congenital absence of the coronary arteries are often incidental findings and understanding these variants is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis. Additionally, it is essential to exercise caution when considering surgical management for hearts with these variants.
Exploring the Subcellular Localization of Monascus Pigments Biosynthases: Preliminary Unraveling of the Compartmentalization Mechanism
Authors: Xiong Fei , Wei Jingyi , Zhou Youxiang , Shao Yanchun , Liu Jiao , Chen Fusheng
Published: May 2024

Monascus pigments (MPs), a class of secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp., can be classified into yellow, orange, and red MPs according to their differences in the wavelength of the maximum absorption. However, the biosynthetic sequence and cellular biosynthesis mechanism of different MPs components are still not yet completely clear in Monascus spp. In this study, the subcellular localization of five MPs synthases was investigated using fluorescent protein fusion expression. The results revealed that the proteins encoded by the MPs biosynthetic gene cluster were compartmentalized in various subcellular locations, including the mitochondrial polyketide synthase MrPigA, cytosolic enzymes consisting of the ketoreductase MrPigC, the oxidoreductase MrPigE, and the monooxygenase MrPigN, and the cell-wall-bound oxidoreductase MrPigF. Moreover, the correct localization of MrPigF to the cell wall was crucial for the synthesis of orange MPs. Lastly, we discussed the compartmentalized biosynthetic pathway of MPs. This study will not only be helpful in clarifying the biosynthetic sequence and biosynthesis mechanism of different MPs but also provides new insights into the cellular biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi.
Antiplatelet Drugs Use in Pregnancy—Review of the Current Practice and Future Implications
Authors: Antonijevic Nebojsa , Gosnjic Nikola , Marjanovic Marija , Antonijevic Jovana , Culafic Milica , Starcevic Jovana , Plavsic Milana , Mostic Stanisic Danka , Uscumlic Ana , Lekovic Zaklina , Matic Dragan
Published: May 2024

When clinicians opt for antithrombotic therapy to manage or prevent thrombotic complications during pregnancy, it is imperative to consider the unique physiological state of the pregnant woman’s body, which can influence the pharmacokinetics of the drug, its ability to traverse the placental barrier, and its potential teratogenic effects on the fetus. While the efficacy and safety of aspirin during pregnancy have been relatively well-established through numerous clinical studies, understanding the effects of newer, more potent antiplatelet agents has primarily stemmed from individual clinical case reports necessitating immediate administration of potent antiplatelet therapy during pregnancy. This review consolidates the collective experiences of clinicians confronting novel thrombotic complications during pregnancy, often requiring the use of dual antiplatelet therapy. The utilization of potent antiplatelet therapy carries inherent risks of bleeding, posing threats to both the pregnant woman and the fetus, as well as the potential for teratogenic effects on the fetus. In the absence of official guidelines regarding the use of potent antiplatelet drugs in pregnancy, a plethora of cases have demonstrated the feasibility of preventing recurrent thrombotic complications, mitigating bleeding risks, and successfully managing pregnancies, frequently culminating in cesarean deliveries, through meticulous selection and dosing of antiplatelet medications.
Bridging the Divide: A Review on the Implementation of Personalized Cancer Medicine
Authors: Masucci Michele , Karlsson Claes , Blomqvist Lennart , Ernberg Ingemar
Published: May 2024

The shift towards personalized cancer medicine (PCM) represents a significant transformation in cancer care, emphasizing tailored treatments based on the genetic understanding of cancer at the cellular level. This review draws on recent literature to explore key factors influencing PCM implementation, highlighting the role of innovative leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, and coordinated funding and regulatory strategies. Success in PCM relies on overcoming challenges such as integrating diverse medical disciplines, securing sustainable investment for shared infrastructures, and navigating complex regulatory landscapes. Effective leadership is crucial for fostering a culture of innovation and teamwork, essential for translating complex biological insights into personalized treatment strategies. The transition to PCM necessitates not only organizational adaptation but also the development of new professional roles and training programs, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of team science in overcoming the limitations of traditional medical paradigms. The conclusion underscores that PCM’s success hinges on creating collaborative environments that support innovation, adaptability, and shared vision among all stakeholders involved in cancer care.