bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer Tutoring towards Improved Reading Comprehension of Grade 10 Learners in a National High School
Authors: Robison James E.
Published: August 2022

This study was undertaken to determine the performances of learners in reading comprehension before and after written and oral assessments thru peer tutoring strategy as a basis in formulating a reading intervention program. This used the experimental design which aimed at finding the cause-effect relationship among variables in a controlled condition. To identify the effects of peer tutoring in the reading comprehension of Grade 10 learners, two groups, the experimental and controlled, were utilized. The performances of the learners in both oral and written assessments before and after the intervention were analyzed. Learners in the control group are classified under the advanced level (M=45.47) while the learners in the experimental group are classified under the superior level (M=63.33) in the reading comprehension written test after the intervention. The control group obtained no significant difference (t=0.666; p=0.509) while there exists a significant difference in the experimental group (t=7.180; p=0.000) between the pre and post oral assessment. Based from the findings of the study, it was suggested that English teachers may infuse peer tutoring strategies tailored to the needs of their learners to enhance learners’ reading comprehension skills. The study proposed an intervention program for peer tutoring to improve the reading comprehension of Grade 10 learners.
Effectiveness of the Distribution of KUR (People's Business Credit) for the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Pangkalpinang City
Authors: Julia Julia , Khairiyansyah
Published: August 2022

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a credit guarantee program, where this program is channeled to MSMEs who need additional loan funds for their businesses so that they can increase business productivity. After the program runs, the guarantee institution ensures that the program has been running productively or effectively so that the target for the distribution of the KUR program is achieved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the distribution of People's Business Credit (KUR) and its effect on improving the performance of micro and small enterprises. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research. Descriptive research pays attention to the actual problem as it was at the time the research took place. Through descriptive research, researchers try to describe events and events that are the center of attention without special treatment for these events. The last stage in data analysis is drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this study indicate that KUR in the city of Pangkalpinang can be said to be effective, because it has met the requirements set by the government.
Cephalus, patêr tou logou
Authors: Brennan Tad
Published: August 2022

I argue that Cephalus introduces the argumentative paradigm of the entire Republic, the Challenge of Glaucon and Adeimantus, through his comments on wealth and his story about Themistocles.
Introduction – CAI’s Contribution to International Investment Law: European, Chinese, and Global Perspectives
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Burnay Matthieu
Published: August 2022

The European Union and the People’s Republic of China ‘in principle’ concluded the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI). Considering that the agreement has been passed in the backdrop of dynamic multi-fora trade and investment policy-making practices, both parties’ negotiations at the bilateral, multilateral and plurilateral levels require testing. This is important to understand whether the growth of bilateral and regional agreements and the fragmentation of international economic law are enablers or roadblocks to further liberalisation of international trade and investment. This Special Issue shall analyse the CAI and argue in favour of the importance of this development. It will examine the current hyper-politicisation and geo-politicisation of investment treaties to situate the symbolic importance of the CAI. In lieu of the uncertainty of final ratification of CAI and sanctions imposed by China, this article (and the whole Special Issue it introduces) are a timely academic contribution that shall trace its scope and potential effectiveness and enable much-needed discourse.
Investment for Green Growth: An Analysis of the CAI Environmental Provisions
Authors: Qian Xu
Published: August 2022

Since 2012, international investment tribunals have passed several awards highlighting the interaction between environmental obligations imposed upon foreign investors and the host State’s duties towards investors in terms of green investment. The EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) is a step forward in continuing the debate on environmental protection and conservation in the context of investment law. This article focuses on section IV subsection 2 of the CAI and analyses the relevant provisions of the CAI and other Sino-EU BITs having a potential impact on the development of environmental policy and climate change-related measures. This article references publicly available investor-State arbitration decisions to understand the ramifications of environmental standards on foreign investment policymaking. Further, this article also highlights the potential impact of the CAI on green investment and green financing measures undertaken by the European Commission.
Taxonomic Enumeration of ferns and lycophytes from Popa, Mandalay Region in Myanmar
Authors: HORI KIYOTAKA , SCHNEIDER HARALD , KHINE PHYO KAY
Published: August 2022

In Myanmar, most of the botanical surveys and plant inventories available have been based on a short period of intensive collecting activities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Previous data show strong biases in effort across plant groups, with ferns and lycophytes rather poorly covered. For example, naturalists and plant hunters had given little attention to the Mt. Popa, Kyaukpadaung Township, Mandalay Region. Mt. Popa, an extinct volcano, is distinct for its unique ecosystem that differs strongly from the surrounding arid region of Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. To contribute to the flora documentation in Myanmar and to better understand the species distribution of ferns and lycophytes in Southeast Asia, we compiled a critical checklist of ferns and lycophytes of Mt. Popa and the surrounding area, based on records documented in the literature and recent surveys. In this enumeration, we list 50 species belonging to 14 families and 29 genera for the Popa region, contributing about 8% of the total ferns and lycophytes recorded in Myanmar. Considering the size of the study area, i.e., 0.02% of the total land area of Myanmar, the region is rich in ferns and lycophytes. We report 21 fern and lycophyte species as the first records for Popa region and the first certain record of Ophioglossum reticulatum in Myanmar. This baseline data from a region previously poorly known for ferns and lycophytes significantly contributes to the upcoming “Flora of Myanmar”.
Insight into the Dynamics of Water Conveying Silver and Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on a Moving Cylinder Subject to Variable Surface Temperature and Lorentz Force
Authors: Rajesh V. , Kavitha M. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: August 2022

MHD and variable surface temperature are examined numerically in this article to see how they affect the unsteady type natural convection flow of a hybrid nanofluid on a moving vertical cylinder. Nanoparticles of Ag and Al2O3 are considered in the water-based hybrid
nanofluid. Using the Crank-Nicolson method, the equations governing flow and heat transport are unravelled. To test the present numerical approach validity, the results are matched to those found in the literature for similar problems and found to be extremely congruent with those findings.
Analysis of temperature and velocity portraits, as well as Cf (skin friction coefficient) and Nux (Nusselt number) for each vital parameter, has been illustrated. This study found that by escalating the magnetic parameter, Nux and Cf
of Ag–Al2O3/water can be reduced. Also, increasing Gr can be used to augment the Cf and Nux of Ag–Al2O3/water. Further, by increasing δ2, a lower skin friction coefficient and
a higher Nusselt number can be achieved. The current findings are useful to the thermal flow processing of magnetic nanomaterials in the metallurgy industries and chemical engineering.
Influence of Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) Nonlinear Radiation on Micropolar Nanofluid Flow Over a Stretching Surface: Revised Buongiorno’s Nanofluid Model
Authors: Dharmaiah G. , Makinde O. D. , Balamurugan K. S.
Published: August 2022

A mathematical model is proposed to explore MHD micropolar nanofluid flow across a permeable stretching plane under non-linear radiation. Implication of heat generation with activation energy, Neild’s condition and Second order momentum slip of micropolar nanoparticles on the
sheet is an additional features in respect novelty. For nanofluid, Buongiorno’s model, which includes thermophoresis and Brownian motion, is assumed. With the aid of new similarity transformations, the governing PDEs are reduced into nonlinear ODEs. Later, these reduced eq’s are
numerically solved using 4th order Range–Kutta method adopting shooting technique and coded in MATLAB. To validate the imparted findings, a comparison with previously published limited case studies is included. The salient fluid flow characteristics of three distributions are expressed
figuratively for multifarious selected germane parameters. Applications of the study arise in materials processing.
Impact of Melting Heat Transfer Analysis in MoS2 and MgO Nanoparticles
Authors: Vijayakumari P. , Vijayakumar D. , Venkata Ramana K. , Gangadhar K. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: August 2022

In this extraordinary work, heat transfer examined around boundary layer of nanofluids MoS2–H2O and MgO–H2O. Micropolar ferrofluid is addressed in this investigation. Energy equation can be elaborated by employing Cattaneo-Christov heat flux
analysis with relevant thermal conductivity. This article manages Darcy-Forchheimer. Disturbance in stretchable sheet has been represented by Darcy Forchheimer expression. Mixed convection heat flow at the incidence of melting effect from a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium is
described. Governing PDE’s of current analysis are lessen into a set of ODE’s using requisite congruity transformations. Set of similarity equations can be fixed out with RKF-45. Achievements of distinct parameters on f′, θ distributions are represented
by the aid of graphs.
Association Between Early-Onset Osteoporosis With Hearing Loss and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: García Alejandro , Rivera Sebastián , Alvear-Veas Bernardita , Goss Deborah , Castillo-Bustamante Melissa , Garcia Juan Manuel
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Osteoporosis is a chronic systemic disease characterized by low bone mass, progressive microarchitectural deterioration and increased bone fragility. Hearing loss and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) have been found in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis over 65 years, however, there is lack of information about these conditions in young patients. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide evidence of the association between osteoporosis and audio-vestibular findings in young subjects.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection. Mean age, proportion of patients with low mineral density, hearing loss, and BPPV were calculated for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Odds Ratio (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results:

A total of 26 articles were reviewed. Only 10 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Six were assessed pursuing the association between osteoporosis and hearing loss. Pooled evidence suggested in patients with osteoporosis, an increased risk for developing hearing loss (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.19; P = .02) compared to controls. Another 6 studies reported the association between osteoporosis and BPPV. A significant increased risk for BPPV was found in individuals with osteoporosis (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.02-2.4; P = .04). There was no publication bias.

Conclusion:

Subjects younger than 65 years with osteoporosis have an increase odds for hearing loss and BPPV compared to controls. These conditions could be associated with early inner or middle ear bone morphologic changes.
Carvedilol-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report
Authors: Raimonde Angelina R. , Dennis Anthony K.
Published: August 2022

Thrombocytopenia is a commonly encountered complication of hospitalized patients, and can be caused by many factors including infections, surgery, and medications. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DITP) should be considered when a patient presents with an unexpected occurrence of thrombocytopenia. Many drugs can induce thrombocytopenia either as a direct effect on thrombopoiesis within the bone marrow or by drug-dependent antibody-mediated destruction of platelets within the circulation. We present the case of a 44-year-old female who presented with 2 weeks of nausea, vomiting, and headaches occurring with her hemodialysis sessions. On admission she was found to be thrombocytopenic with a platelet count of 35 K/µL. Her last known normal platelet count was 299 K/µL from 2 months prior. A thorough work up of her thrombocytopenia was found to be unremarkable. Her newly started carvedilol was thought to be the most likely cause based on the rapid platelet recovery upon drug discontinuation and negative workup of other potential causes.
Research at risk: Global challenges, international perspectives, and Canadian solutions
Authors: Wilner Alex , Beach-Vaive Sarah , Carbonneau Catherine , Hopkins Graeme , Leblanc Félix
Published: August 2022

Although traditionally viewed as paragons of international cooperation, research institutions and universities are becoming venues for hostile foreign activity. Research security (RS) refers to the measures that protect the inputs, processes, and products that are part of scientific research, inquiry, and discovery. While RS traces its roots to the 1940s, global economic and research and development competition, the nexus between dual-use technology and military power, a cluster of newly emerging industries, scientific responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and societal shifts towards digitization, combine to challenge RS in unique ways. With an eye on safeguarding traditional notions of open science, our article refurbishes Canadian RS within the context of emerging challenges and international responses. Detailing the legal, extralegal, illegal, and other ways in which RS is threatened, we use a comparative assessment of emerging responses in the US, Australia, Japan, and Israel to draw lessons for Canada.
Social Status and Opioid Drugged Driving
Authors: Rookey Bryan D
Published: August 2022

This study examines the effects of social status on opioid drugged driving fatalities in the context of the ongoing opioid mortality crisis. Broad criminological insights are leveraged to understand how position in the age, race, and sex status hierarchies impacts opioid use by drivers. Analysis of data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System shows that fatally injured drivers who used opioids prior to the crash were more often male, White, non-Hispanic, and older compared to other statuses. Moreover, the social statuses of opioid drugged drivers are dissimilar to those who used opioids in drug overdose deaths. Results suggest that social status-informed and driver-focused initiatives may be particularly effective in reducing opioid use by drivers.
The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in mHealth: Theoretical and practical aspects for practitioners’ use
Authors: Carmi Lior , Zohar Mishael , Riva Gianluigi M.
Published: August 2022

The extensive use of smart technology (smartphones and wearables) and the vast amount of information they contain have positioned remote devices and technology as a massive database resource. Harnessing these big data into the clinical and research fields has introduced a new horizon of possibilities along with significant privacy issues. A significant evolution in this respect has been the introduction of the new European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR acknowledges that information related to individuals (i.e. personal data), as well as data flow, and thus databases, are of high political, clinical, and economic value. Hence, the Regulation aims to protect personal data and, consequentially, privacy. Nevertheless, the GDPR is a legal document with legal language. The purpose of this paper is to serve as a – practical guidance as well as a theoretical framework – for clinicians (and non-clinicians) who integrates digital tools in their clinical and research work.
An assessment of improved outcomes using low-cost bubble CPAP in very low birthweight neonates in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: Diala Udochukwu M , Toma Bose O , Shwe David D , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O.D. , Diala Olubunmi O , John Collins
Published: August 2022

Respiratory distress contributes to the high burden of preterm mortality globally. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of low-cost Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure devices for treating respiratory distress and their outcomes in preterm infants weighing <1500g. Data was extracted from admission records of 211 infants over two distinct 4-year periods before and after introduction of bCPAP. With survival rates of 26.7% and 61.8% in the pre and post bCPAP eras respectively, significantly improved outcomes were found.
Dismantling Institutional Racism: The Role of Behavioral Science
Authors: Jones Danielle D.
Published: August 2022

Institutionalized racism embeds our systems of healthcare delivery and medical education. This produces racial healthcare disparities which have been shown to severely impact both physical and behavioral health outcomes. Efforts to address institutionalized racism often focus on individualized efforts directed towards the healthcare workforce. However, more effective system level approaches are emerging. The behavioral health sciences can play a role in dismantling institutionalized racism by providing the evidence needed to understand effects on individuals and develop targeted system level approaches.
Disability as Diversity: Educational Opportunities for Family Medicine
Authors: Young Kathleen M. , Newell Kathryn G.
Published: August 2022

Disability is an aspect of diversity that often receives less attention in healthcare and medical education than other aspects of diversity, such as gender or race. Approximately one in four Americans has some type of disability, and individuals with disabilities have less access to healthcare, greater dissatisfaction with their healthcare, and report being in poorer health than individuals without a disability. Although many factors likely contribute to these disparities, physician perception and understanding of disability have been examined as potential pathways that influence health inequity. It is important to incorporate disability as a form of diversity in family medicine education to train physicians that provide excellent care to patients with disabilities and work toward equitable healthcare for them. In this article, we review definitions and data related to disability. We examine disparities and forms of stigmatization toward individuals with disabilities. We then present scenarios in the context of family medicine residency education that involve stigmatization of a person with a disability. Following each scenario, we identify the stigmatizing problem and its potential impact on the individual with a disability. In addition, we outline a potential intervention as an individual witnessing this scenario, and an alternative, non-stigmatizing approach to the scenario. Finally, we present proposed core competencies on disability for health care education and potential strategies to incorporate these competencies into family medicine curricula.
The Rise and Decline of Brazil as a Regional Power (2003–2016)
Authors: Bernal-Meza Raúl
Published: August 2022

Brazil’s evolution as a regional emerging power began under Lula’s leadership and declined with Rousseff’s dismissal and the domestic political, economic, and leadership crisis that led to its loss of regional relevance, the deterioration of its leadership in South America, and its failure to achieve a strategic international alliance of middle powers. This decline was expressed on the international level in the core-periphery bond developed with China within BRICS and on the level of South America in the loss of relevance of the regional governance institutions Lula once promoted.

La evolución de Brasil como potencia emergente regional empezó bajo el gobierno de Lula y declinó con la destitución de Rousseff y la externalización de la crisis política, económica y de liderazgo interna y la consiguiente pérdida de relevancia regional, el deterioro de su liderazgo en Sudamérica y el fracaso de objetivos en su alianza internacional de potencias medias. Las manifestaciones de la declinación a nivel internacional se expresan en el vínculo de carácter centro-periferia desarrollado con China al interior de BRICS y a nivel sudamericano en la pérdida de relevancia de las instituciones de gobernabilidad regional que Lula había impulsado.
Does Outlaw Love Lead to Prison Time? Paths of Women Convicted of Drug Trafficking in Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , Martino Natália
Published: August 2022

The results of a multimethod study carried out in the largest female penitentiary in the state of Minas Gerais challenge the premise, often mentioned in the Brazilian literature, that women arrested for drug trafficking have been led to criminality by male influence. They indicate that, while present in the narratives provided by incarcerated women, male influence is not the main reason for their involvement in drug trafficking. Gender, poverty, structural racism, and the selectivity of the criminal justice system are intertwined in the incarceration of women for drug trafficking in this Brazilian prison.

Os resultados de um estudo multimétodo realizado na maior penitenciária feminina do estado de Minas Gerais desafiam a premissa, muitas vezes mencionada na literatura brasileira, de que mulheres presas por tráfico de drogas têm sido levadas à criminalidade por influência masculina. Indicam que, embora presente nas narrativas fornecidas pelas mulheres encarceradas, a influência masculina não é o principal motivo de seu envolvimento no tráfico de drogas. Gênero, pobreza, racismo estrutural e a seletividade do sistema de justiça criminal se entrelaçam no encarceramento de mulheres por tráfico de drogas neste presídio brasileiro.
Caregiver-Implemented Digital Activity Schedules With Virtual Coaching
Authors: Aguilar Juliana , Peck Sara , Mattson Stephanie L. , Reinert Kassidy S. , Higbee Thomas S. , Lindgren Nicholas A. , Osos Jessica A.
Published: August 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many insurance companies approved the funding of telehealth-based behavior analytic services for both training and direct-care purposes. Activity schedules are a simple and effective intervention that can be used in the home environment to improve independence for children with ASD. Recent efforts have shifted the format of activity schedules from paper-based schedules to digital platforms that make the schedules more portable and provide easier access for both the caregiver and the Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA). Google Slides® is a readily available web-based platform that has been used to design and deliver behavior analytic instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-concurrent multiple baseline design across three child-caregiver dyads was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a caregiver-implemented digital activity schedule intervention on the independent play behaviors of children with ASD. The activity schedule was created and shared on the Google Slides® platform and caregivers received bug-in-ear (BIE) coaching from practitioners to implement the intervention. Regardless of some minor treatment implementation difficulties attributed to the remote service delivery and the digital format, the digital platform and coaching intervention were effective in increasing independent schedule following with minimal training on the part of the caregiver. We hope that the results of this study provide BCBAs with additional guidance on effective interventions and procedures for remote service delivery.
Unresectable Primary Tracheal Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Butkus Joann M. , Kramer Mackenzie , Eichorn Daniel , Shaikh Ali Raza R. , Patel Rajesh R.
Published: August 2022

Synovial sarcoma (SS) comprises less than 1% of head and neck cancers, and less than five cases of adult primary tracheal SS have been described. This case describes a patient encountered at a community-based academic hospital, and retrospective chart review was performed for data collection. A woman in her forties presented with shortness of breath due to a superior mediastinal mass found to be an unresectable primary tracheal SS. Primary treatment resorted to curative-intent radiation therapy. Subsequent metastasis required systemic chemotherapy with pazopanib. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this nature and adds to understanding the presentation, diagnosis, natural history, and treatment outcomes of primary tracheal SS. This case was exempt from review by the institutional review board and complied with privacy policy standards.
A Rare Case of Well-Differentiated Parapharyngeal Liposarcoma
Authors: Lee Jeonghyun , Lee Jaeha , Hong Hyun Sook , Park Ki Nam
Published: August 2022

Parapharyngeal liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor, the pathogenesis of which is uncertain. Parapharyngeal liposarcoma often causes nonspecific clinical features, including dysphagia, globus sensation, and/or respiratory disturbances. The parapharyngeal space is a rare location for head and neck liposarcoma, and these lesions may therefore be confused with a variety of other tumors that can originate in this area. Here, we report a case of liposarcoma originating from the prestyloid parapharyngeal space and discuss the possible differential diagnosis on radiographic findings.
Theoretical Sociology of War and Structural Causes of the 2003 US Invasion of Iraq
Authors: La Prairie Randy
Published: August 2022

In this article, I present a theory of American military imperialism that combines three structural factors: the military-industrial complex (MIC); elite control of public policy; and elite, imperial ideology. I argue that because this theory is more plausible and empirically grounded than major Weberian and Marxist theories of war, it can provide a better explanation for specific US military interventions. As a theory of American military imperialism, it is also more nuanced than existing power elite theories. A case study of the 2003 Iraq War is presented to illustrate the utility of the theory. The case study shows that in invading Iraq, key Bush administration officials sought to expand the MIC and their own decision power making within it, and that these preferences were associated with their specific elite social backgrounds, and the hardline ideology they subscribed to. I conclude with suggestions for future research.
The association between socioeconomic position and the symptoms and concerns of hospital inpatients seen by specialist palliative care: Analysis of routinely collected patient data
Authors: Davies Joanna M , Sleeman Katherine E , Ramsenthaler Christina , Prentice Wendy , Maddocks Matthew , Murtagh Fliss EM
Published: August 2022

Background:

Understanding how socioeconomic position influences the symptoms and concerns of patients approaching the end of life is important for planning more equitable care. Data on this relationship is lacking, particularly for patients with non-cancer conditions.

Aim:

To analyse the association between socioeconomic position and the symptoms and concerns of older adult patients seen by specialist palliative care.

Design:

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional, routinely collected electronic patient data. We used multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors, to predict scores on the three subscales of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS; physical symptoms, emotional symptoms and communication and practical concerns) based on patient level of deprivation, measured using Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Setting/participants:

Consecutive inpatients aged 60 years and over, seen by specialist palliative care at two large teaching hospitals in London between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2019.

Results:

Seven thousand eight hundred and sixty patients were included, 38.3% had cancer. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients living in the most deprived areas had higher (worse) predicted mean scores on the communication and practical subscale than patients living in the least deprived areas, 5.38 (95% CI: 5.10, 5.65) compared to 4.82 (4.62, 5.02) respectively. This effect of deprivation diminished with increasing age. Deprivation was not associated with scores on the physical or emotional symptoms subscales.

Conclusions:

Targetting resources to address practical and communication concerns could be a strategy to reduce inequalities. Further research in different hospitals and across different settings using patient centred outcome measures is needed to examine inequalities.
Agnes Heller: Changing Aspects of Her Socialist Theory in the 1980s
Authors: Fan Ziyi
Published: August 2022

Agnes Heller continued her commitment to socialist theory, seeking a democratic alternative to the actually existing socialist system in Soviet-type societies in the early 1980s. Heller conceptualized socialism as a long-term social experiment based on social imagination and the radicalization of democracy, which contrasted with the Soviet socialist project on the one hand, and went beyond Western parliamentary systems on the other hand. My aim in this paper is to examine the 1982 pamphlet, Why We Should Maintain the Socialist Objective, and present it as a crucial step that Heller takes to depart from Marxism and explore her post-Marxist socialist theory. This paper will examine the social imagination, radicalization of democracy, and other key ideas elaborated in the pamphlet, linking these ideas to her subsequent book, Dictatorship Over Needs, and her essay ‘The Great Republic’.
The Roles of Busyness and Daily Routine in Medication Management Behaviors Among Older Adults
Authors: Klinedinst Tara C. , Opsasnick Lauren , Benavente Julia Yoshino , Wolf Michael , O’Conor Rachel
Published: August 2022

Busyness (the density of activities) and daily routine (patterns of organizing time) are two understudied factors that likely impact medication-taking behaviors. We examined the association between busyness and routine with medication adherence (MA) in 405 older adults with adequate cognition using multivariable models. The final model included an interaction term between daily routine and busyness. MA scores (measured by the ASK-12, higher scores mean more barriers to adherence) were higher for individuals reporting low and moderate levels of daily routine versus those with high daily routine. MA scores were higher for individuals reporting moderate and high busyness versus those reporting low busyness. The busyness/routine interaction term was significant for MA; among highly busy individuals, those with high daily routine had lower MA scores than those with low routine. A daily routine may be a modifiable factor for improving MA among older adults, particularly among those with busy lives.
Uses of Metadiscourse in Online Help
Authors: Swarts Jason
Published: August 2022

Metadiscourse guides how readers interact with a text and process the information they find. Because texts differ in purpose and audience, so do patterns of metadiscourse use. This research examines the patterns of metadiscourse use in topic-based writing, developed following a structured authoring method. The resulting writing is modular, nonhierarchical, and nonlinear, which creates user experience issues related to attention as well as information selection, ordering, processing, and navigation. The patterns of language use in topic-based writing reveal how metadiscourse might help readers address these reader experience issues.
Intraobserver Reliability on Classifying Bursitis on Shoulder Ultrasound
Authors: Grey Tyler M. , Stubbs Euan , Parasu Naveen
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Bursitis is a common musculoskeletal cause of shoulder pain and treatment varies, thus correctly diagnosing and grading bursitis is paramount in deciding management. Our aim was to assess reliability in grading shoulder bursitis on ultrasonography among fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologists at our institution. Methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with bursitis on ultrasonography. Single-sonographic images of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa were collected for each patient and randomized to form a test-bank of varying degrees of bursitis. Three months after the test was administered, the cases were randomized and readministered. The radiologists graded each case as: within normal limits, mild, moderate or severe. Intraobserver variability was measured using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Linear regression model was performed to assess correlation between years of experience and kappa. Results: 10 radiologists reviewed 70 cases of bursitis. Kappa values ranged from .53 to .91, indicating ‘moderate’ to ‘almost perfect’ variability amongst radiologists. A moderate positive correlation of improving variability ( r = .69) with increasing years of experience exists. Conclusion: Fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologists were able to grade shoulder bursitis with moderate to almost perfect variability, with a positive correlation of improved variability with increasing experience. This may help clinicians choose the correct treatment more confidently in their patients with shoulder pain.
Mechanism of chemical and mechanical mutual promotion in photocatalysis-assisted chemical mechanical polishing for single-crystal SiC
Authors: He Yan , Yuan Zewei , Tang Meiling , Sun Jingting , Liu Changfu , Gao Xingjun
Published: August 2022

Single-crystal SiC has become the third-generation semiconductor material with the most development potential due to its many outstanding physical and chemical properties, but excellent surface quality is the prerequisite for its application. Therefore, atomic mechanism of chemical and mechanical mutual promotion in hydroxyl radical ·OH aqueous was researched through reactive molecular dynamics simulation for obtaining nano-smoothed surface with photocatalysis-assisted chemical mechanical polishing (PCMP). The behavior of nanoparticles promoting chemical reaction during the nanofinishing process was studied vias a single abrasive sliding on the surface of SiC. A combination method of mechanical action and chemical action was adopted to compare effect of material oxidation and material removal. Si/C atoms are mainly fractured or escaped in the forms of SiO, CO, chain, SiO2, and CO2, and more residual oxidation products were observed on the substrate. Furthermore, XPS and nanoindentation results also support the mechanism of chemical and mechanical mutual promotion in PCMP through the detection of the oxidized products and surface hardness. This process activated and removed the SiC materials and generated a smooth and non-damaged surface (Ra 0.269 nm and Rmax 0.807 nm). The research results may reveal the removal mechanism of Si/C atoms, and provide new theoretical and technical support for the ultra-precision machining of single crystal sapphire, silicon nitride and diamond etc.
Science communication fellowship programs as gatekeepers
Authors: Bennett Nichole , Dudo Anthony , Besley John C.
Published: August 2022

Science communication fellowship programs act as gatekeepers to the skills and opportunities they provide scientists and science communicators. In this role, they may either resist or reproduce inequities present in society at large. We conducted interviews with 25 US-based science communication fellowship directors representing 23 programs to investigate (1) what types of capital these programs provide to fellows and (2) what rules and norms may shape access to these programs. Our results suggest that these programs connect fellows to rich forms of cultural and social capital in the form of experiential learning and mentorships. However, access to these programs is likely shaped by forms of infrastructure, literacy, and community acceptance. Maintaining the status quo in these organizations may not be enough to resist social inequity, and we finish this article with a call for reflexivity and actionable transformation within these programs.
The Impact of a Family Doctor Contract Service on Outcomes for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Shen Peng , Lu Feng , Chen Xiangyu , Zhang Jie , Zhong Jieming
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the effect of family doctor contract service on the health management in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over a 24-month period. According to whether patients signing contracts with family doctors or not, the contracting status was divided into contracted and noncontracted. The analysis of covariance was used to examine changes in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid parameters between the two groups. The hazard ratios for incident diabetes-related complications were calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Of the 2310 patients, 1155 were contracted. The contracted patients displayed the improved fasting blood glucose control and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the noncontracted group. Patients signed up with family doctors had a lower risk of diabetes-related complications than those who did not. The data suggested that family doctor contract service might help to achieve better T2DM control.
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile–associated disease, epiploic foramen entrapment, and gastric rupture in a Thoroughbred racehorse: case report and literature review
Authors: Asin Javier , Nyaoke Akinyi C. , Samol Monika A. , Arthur Rick M. , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: August 2022

Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is a common cause of small intestinal colic in horses and may lead to intestinal strangulation. Strangulating intestinal obstruction impairs the gastrointestinal outflow and can lead to secondary gastric rupture and endotoxemia. Clostridioides difficile can cause enterotyphlocolitis with colic in horses of all ages, and the process is commonly referred to as C. difficile–associated disease (CDAD). Here we report the results of the postmortem examination of a 7-y-old Thoroughbred racehorse with concurrent CDAD, EFE, and gastric rupture that was euthanized following a history of colic over several days. A segment of distal jejunum and proximal ileum had passed through the epiploic foramen, and the intestinal wall was thickened and dark-red. The remaining small intestinal loops were distended and filled with blood-tinged contents. Peritonitis had resulted from escape of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity through a tear in the major curvature of the stomach. Histologically, the incarcerated segment had acute transmural hemorrhage with congestion and mucosal necrosis; neutrophilic infiltrates with fibrin thrombi were in the mucosa of the non-incarcerated small intestinal segments. C. difficile toxins were detected in the small intestinal contents, and C. difficile was isolated from the small intestine, colon, and cecum.
Investigation of a common canine factor VII deficiency variant in dogs with unexplained bleeding on autopsy
Authors: Clark Jessica A. , Hooser Stephen B. , Dreger Dayna L. , Burcham Grant N. , Ekenstedt Kari J.
Published: August 2022

The factor VII (FVII) protein is an integral component of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Deleterious variants in the gene encoding this protein can result in factor VII deficiency (FVIID), a bleeding disorder characterized by abnormal (slowed) clotting with a wide range of severity, from asymptomatic to life-threatening. In canids, a single FVIID-associated variant, first described in Beagles, has been observed in 24 breeds and mixed-breed dogs. Because this variant is present in breeds of diverse backgrounds, we hypothesized that it could be a contributing factor to unexplained bleeding observed in some canine autopsy cases. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 67 anticoagulant-negative autopsy cases with unexplained etiology for gross lesions of hemorrhage. Each dog was genotyped for the c.407G>A ( F71) variant. Experimental controls included 3 known heterozygotes and 2 known homozygotes for the F71 variant, 2 normal dogs with known homozygous wild-type genotypes ( F7W F7W), and 5 dogs with bleeding at autopsy that tested positive for anticoagulant rodenticide and were genotyped as F7W F7W. All 67 cases tested homozygous for the wild-type allele, indicating that the common FVIID variant was not responsible for the observed unexplained bleeding. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of retrospective studies utilizing veterinary diagnostic laboratory databases and tissue archives for genetic studies. In the case of FVIID, our results suggest that a singular molecular test for the F71 variant is not a high-yield addition to postmortem screening in these scenarios.
Attitudes and Beliefs of End-of-Life Care Among Blackfeet Indians
Authors: Colclough Yoshiko , Brown Gary M
Published: August 2022

Disparity in hospice use threatens optimal quality of life during the final stage of life while American Indians/Alaska Natives may not be aware of hospice benefits. Our established Blackfeet members and Montana State University collaborative team conducted a modified Duke End-of-Life Care Survey (8 sections with 60 questions) to assess a baseline end-of-life values, beliefs, and attitudes of Blackfeet individuals. In this manuscript, we present the results of 3 sections with 28 questions: Preference of Care; Beliefs About Dying, Truth Telling, and Advance Care Planning; and Hospice Care by examining overall and generational differences. Most participants (n = 92) chose quality of life over quantity of life with using various devices if they had an incurable disease (54-82%), would want to know if they were dying (92%) or had cancer (89%), but had not thought or talked about their preference of end-of-life care (30% and 35% respectively). The results portray understandable cultural context as well as generational differences with personal variability. While an affirmative shift towards hospice was emerging, dissemination of accurate hospice information would benefit people in the partner community. In conclusion, an individual-centered approach—understanding individual need first—may be the most appropriate and effective strategy to promote hospice information and its use.
Resources and Strategies Used by Young, Black Men to Gain Status on an Inner-City London Estate
Authors: King Brendan , Swain Jon
Published: August 2022

This paper delineates the resources and strategies that three young black men use to gain status and construct and perform an often-violent street masculinity on a London (UK) housing estate. Ethnographic fieldwork occurred in 2019 during a growing moral panic about youth violence and knife crime. Referring to resources as types of capital, they are categorised under the four headings of economic, social, linguistic, cultural, and physical. Central to the research is the material body, which we view as both an agent and object of the practices through which young black men produce their masculinities.
Pain and Reorganization after Amputation: Is Interoceptive Prediction a Key?
Authors: Weiss Thomas , Koehler Hanna , Croy Ilona
Published: August 2022

There is an ongoing discussion on the relevance of brain reorganization following amputation for phantom limb pain. Recent attempts to provide explanations for seemingly controversial findings—specifically, maladaptive plasticity versus persistent functional representation as a complementary process—acknowledged that reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex is not sufficient to explain phantom limb pain satisfactorily. Here we provide theoretical considerations that might help integrate the data reviewed and suppose a possible additional driver of the development of phantom limb pain—namely, an error in interoceptive predictions to somatosensory sensations and movements of the missing limb. Finally, we derive empirically testable consequences based on our considerations to guide future research.
A Popular Approach, but Do They Work? A Systematic Review of Social Marketing Campaigns to Prevent Sexual Violence on College Campuses
Authors: Lee Chelsey , Bouchard Jessica , Wong Jennifer S.
Published: August 2022

College campuses continue to face high rates of sexual violence and social marketing campaigns have emerged as a common prevention strategy. However, there exists no summative research examining the effectiveness of this approach. A systematic search yielded 15 evaluations of eight unique prevention campaigns, which contributed to 38 individual outcome measures across four outcome categories (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, intentions/efficacy, and behavior). Summative results are mixed, but show promising campaign effects for increasing knowledge, modification of some attitudes toward sexual violence, intentions to participate, and actual participation in prevention activities. More evaluative research is needed for a comprehensive understanding of campaign effectiveness.
Thermoelasticity with temperature and microtemperatures with fading memory
Authors: Liverani Lorenzo , Quintanilla Ramon
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate a model of poro-thermoelasticity with microtemperatures, where the behavior of the body is influenced by the history of both temperature and microtemperatures. Mathematically, this translates into a system of partial integro-differential equations. Under suitable condition on the tensors appearing in the model, we prove that the resulting system is well posed. In the one-dimensional case, the exponential decay of the energy is proved.