bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AOSpine—Spine Trauma Classification System: The Value of Modifiers: A Narrative Review With Commentary on Evolving Descriptive Principles
Authors: Divi Srikanth N. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Oner F. Cumhur , Kandziora Frank , Schnake Klaus J. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Benneker Lorin M. , Chapman Jens R. , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: May 2019

Study Design:

Narrative review.

Objectives:

To describe the current AOSpine Trauma Classification system for spinal trauma and highlight the value of patient-specific modifiers for facilitating communication and nuances in treatment.

Methods:

The classification for spine trauma previously developed by The AOSpine Knowledge Forum is reviewed and the importance of case modifiers in this system is discussed.

Results:

A successful classification system facilitates communication and agreement between physicians while also determining injury severity and provides guidance on prognosis and treatment. As each injury may be unique among different patients, the importance of considering patient-specific characteristics is highlighted in this review. In the current AOSpine Trauma Classification, the spinal column is divided into 4 regions: the upper cervical spine (C0-C2), subaxial cervical spine (C3-C7), thoracolumbar spine (T1-L5), and the sacral spine (S1-S5, including coccyx). Each region is classified according to a hierarchical system with increasing levels of injury or instability and represents the morphology of the injury, neurologic status, and clinical modifiers. Specifically, these clinical modifiers are denoted starting with M followed by a number. They describe unique conditions that may change treatment approach such as the presence of significant soft tissue damage, uncertainty about posterior tension band injury, or the presence of a critical disc herniation in a cervical bilateral facet dislocation. These characteristics are described in detail for each spinal region.

Conclusions:

Patient-specific modifiers in the AOSpine Trauma Classification highlight unique clinical characteristics for each injury and facilitate communication and treatment between surgeons.
The Hospital Experience Through the Patients’ Eyes
Authors: Snyder Haverly J , Fletcher Kathlyn E
Published: May 2019

Background:

Posthospital syndrome is associated with a decrease in physical and cognitive function and can contribute to overall patient decline. We can speculate on contributors to this decline (eg, poor sleep and nutrition), but other factors may also contribute. This study seeks to explain how patients experience hospitalization with particular attention on what makes the hospital stay difficult.

Design:

Qualitative interview study using grounded theory methodology.

Setting:

Single-site academic medical center.

Patients:

Hospitalized general medicine patients.

Measurements:

Interviews using a semistructured interview guide.

Results:

We recruited 20 general medicine inpatients from an academic medical center. Of the participants, 12 were women and the mean age was 55 years (range = 22-82 years). We found 4 major themes contributing to the hospital experience: (1) hospital environment (eg, food quality and entertainment), (2) patient factors (eg, indifference and expectations), (3) hospital personnel (eg, care team size and level of helpfulness), and (4) patient feelings (eg, level of control and feeling like an object). We discovered that these emotions arising from hospital experiences, together with the other 3 major themes, led to the patients’ perception of their hospital experience overall. We also explore the role that patient tolerance may play in the reporting of patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

This article demonstrates the factors affecting how patients experience hospitalization. It provides insight into possible contributors to posthospital syndrome and offers a blueprint for specific quality improvement initiatives. Lastly, it briefly explores how patient tolerance may prove a challenge to the current system of quality reporting.
A Brief Hope Intervention to Increase Hope Level and Improve Well-Being in Rehabilitating Cancer Patients: A Feasibility Test
Authors: Chan Kitty , Wong Frances K. Y. , Lee Paul H.
Published: May 2019

This article reports on the feasibility and effect of the brief hope intervention (BHI) in terms of increasing the hope level and psychological and physical health outcomes of rehabilitating cancer patients (RCP). Chinese RCP living in the community were invited to join the study. The BHI consisted of four one-on-one sessions: two (1-hour) face-to-face sessions and two (30-minute) telephone follow-up sessions in between. There were three core features in the hope therapy: (a) goal thoughts: finding workable goals, (b) pathway thoughts: finding ways to reach the targets, and (c) agency thoughts: positive self-talk to optimize their motivation to accomplish the set goals. A one-group pre- and postintervention design was used. Outcome measures included the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State Hope Scale. Recruitment, attrition, and qualitative feedback were collected to understand their comments on BHI. A total of 40 participants were recruited (female 92.3%). The mean age was 57.2 years ( SD = 6.7). The participants had significant improvement in all aspects of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, with moderate-to-large effect sizes ( d = 0.49–0.74). The changes in present hope and depression scores were insignificant, with small effect sizes ( d = 0.17–0.34). The BHI seemed to be promising in producing both physical and psychological benefits in RCP
The efficacy and safety of modified FOLFIRINOX as first‐line chemotherapy for Chinese patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Zhang Fei , Deng Ting , Zhang Le , Feng Fen , Wang Feng‐Hua , Wang Wei , Wang De‐Shen , Luo Hui‐Yan , Xu Rui‐Hua , Ba Yi , Li Yu‐Hong
Published: May 2019

Background

Oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5‐fluorouracil, and l‐leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX) has become one of the first‐line treatment options for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the relatively high rate of grade 3 or 4 adverse events associated with the standard dosage of FOLFIRINOX limits its widespread use in clinical practice. In this study, we were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen as a first‐line chemotherapy for Chinese patients with metastatic PC.

Methods

Patients with histologically confirmed primary metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0–2 were recruited to receive the modified FOLFIRINOX regimen (intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin, 65 mg/m2; irinotecan, 150 mg/m2; l‐leucovorin, 200 mg/m2; and 5‐fluorouracil, 2400 mg/m2, repeated every 2 weeks). The treatment was continued for 12 cycles unless the patient had progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD) with symptom deterioration, unacceptable adverse events, or requested to terminate the treatment prematurely. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR).

Results

Sixty‐five patients were enrolled from July 2012 to April 2017 in three institutions, and they all received at least one cycle of chemotherapy, with a median of 8 cycles (range 1–12 cycles). No complete response was observed. Twenty‐one (32.3%) patients had partial responses, and 27 (41.5%) had SD. The ORR and disease control rate of the study cohort was 32.3% and 73.8%. The estimated median overall survival and progression‐free survival were 11.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.76–14.44) and 5.77 (95% CI 5.00–6.54) months. Major grade 3 or 4 adverse events included neutropenia (12.3%) and diarrhea (6.2%). No treatment‐related death was observed.

Conclusions

Modified FOLFIRINOX was well‐tolerated and might be a promising option as first‐line therapy for Chinese patients with metastatic PC.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02028806. Registered 7 January 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02028806
Wave-equation dispersion inversion of Love waves
Authors: Li Jing , Hanafy Sherif , Liu Zhaolun , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: May 2019

We present a theory for wave-equation inversion of Love-wave dispersion curves, in which the misfit function is the sum of the squared differences between the wavenumbers along the predicted and observed dispersion curves. Similar to inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves, the complicated Love-wave arrivals in traces are skeletonized as simpler data, namely, the picked dispersion curves in the [Formula: see text] domain. Numerical solutions to the SH-wave equation and an iterative optimization method are then used to invert these dispersion curves for the S-wave velocity model. This procedure, denoted as wave-equation dispersion inversion of Love waves (LWD), does not require the assumption of a layered model or smooth velocity variations, and it is less prone to the cycle-skipping problems of full-waveform inversion. We demonstrate with synthetic and field data examples that LWD can accurately reconstruct the S-wave velocity distribution in a laterally heterogeneous medium. Compared with Rayleigh waves, inversion of the Love-wave dispersion curves empirically exhibits better convergence properties because they are completely insensitive to the P-velocity variations. In addition, Love-wave dispersion curves for our examples are simpler than those for Rayleigh waves, and they are easier to pick in our field data with a low signal-to-noise ratio.
Local Consolidative Therapy Vs. Maintenance Therapy or Observation for Patients With Oligometastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Multi-Institutional, Phase II, Randomized Study
Authors: Gomez Daniel R. , Tang Chad , Zhang Jianjun , Blumenschein George R. , Hernandez Mike , Lee J. Jack , Ye Rong , Palma David A. , Louie Alexander V. , Camidge D. Ross , Doebele Robert C. , Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Gaspar Laurie E. , Welsh James W. , Gibbons Don L. , Karam Jose A. , Kavanagh Brian D. , Tsao Anne S. , Sepesi Boris , Swisher Stephen G. , Heymach John V.
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

Our previously published findings reported that local consolidative therapy (LCT) with radiotherapy or surgery improved progression-free survival (PFS) and delayed new disease in patients with oligometastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that did not progress after front-line systemic therapy. Herein, we present the longer-term overall survival (OS) results accompanied by additional secondary end points.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This multicenter, randomized, phase II trial enrolled patients with stage IV NSCLC, three or fewer metastases, and no progression at 3 or more months after front-line systemic therapy. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to maintenance therapy or observation (MT/O) or to LCT to all active disease sites. The primary end point was PFS; secondary end points were OS, toxicity, and the appearance of new lesions. All analyses were two sided, and P values less than .10 were deemed significant.

RESULTS

The Data Safety and Monitoring Board recommended early trial closure after 49 patients were randomly assigned because of a significant PFS benefit in the LCT arm. With an updated median follow-up time of 38.8 months (range, 28.3 to 61.4 months), the PFS benefit was durable (median, 14.2 months [95% CI, 7.4 to 23.1 months] with LCT v 4.4 months [95% CI, 2.2 to 8.3 months] with MT/O; P = .022). We also found an OS benefit in the LCT arm (median, 41.2 months [95% CI, 18.9 months to not reached] with LCT v 17.0 months [95% CI, 10.1 to 39.8 months] with MT/O; P = .017). No additional grade 3 or greater toxicities were observed. Survival after progression was longer in the LCT group (37.6 months with LCT v 9.4 months with MT/O; P = .034). Of the 20 patients who experienced progression in the MT/O arm, nine received LCT to all lesions after progression, and the median OS was 17 months (95% CI, 7.8 months to not reached).

CONCLUSION

In patients with oligometastatic NSCLC that did not progress after front-line systemic therapy, LCT prolonged PFS and OS relative to MT/O.
Phenotype of ribonuclease 1 deficiency in mice
Authors: Garnett Emily R. , Lomax Jo E. , Mohammed Bassem M. , Gailani David , Sheehan John P. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: May 2019

Biological roles for extracellular RNA (eRNA) have become apparent. For example, eRNA can induce contact activation in blood via activation of the plasma proteases factor XII (FXII) and factor XI (FXI). We sought to reveal the biological role of the secretory enzyme ribonuclease 1 (RNase 1) in an organismal context by generating and analyzing RNase 1 knockout (Rnase1–/–) mice. We found that these mice are viable, healthy, and fertile, though larger than Rnase1+/+ mice. Rnase1–/– plasma contains more RNA than does the plasma of Rnase1+/+ mice. Moreover, the plasma of Rnase1–/– mice clots more rapidly than does wild-type plasma. This phenotype appeared to be due to increased levels of the active form of FXII (FXIIa) in the plasma of Rnase1–/– mice compared to Rnase1+/+ mice, and is consistent with the known effects of eRNA on FXII activation. The apparent activity of FXI in the plasma of Rnase1–/– mice was 1000-fold higher when measured in an assay triggered by a low concentration of tissue factor than in assays based on recalcification, consistent with eRNA enhancing FXI activation by thrombin. These findings suggest that one of the physiological functions of RNase 1 is to degrade eRNA in blood plasma. Loss of this function facilitates FXII and FXI activation, which could have effects on inflammation and blood coagulation. We anticipate that Rnase1–/– mice will be a useful tool for evaluating other hypotheses about the functions of RNase 1 and of eRNA in vivo.
Recent advances in the antepartum management of diabetes
Authors: Mitric Cristina , Desilets Jade , Brown Richard N
Published: May 2019

Gestational and pre-gestational diabetes are frequent problems encountered in obstetrical practice and their complications may influence both the mother (such as hypertension, pre-eclampsia, increased caesarean rates) and the foetus (such as macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, respiratory distress, hypoglycaemia, or childhood obesity and diabetes). Given the important implications for mothers and their offspring, screening and appropriate management of diabetes during pregnancy are essential. This is a review of articles published between 2015 and 2018 on Medline via Ovid that focus on advances in the management of diabetes in pregnancy. Recent data have concentrated predominantly on optimising glycaemic control, which is key for minimising the burden of maternal and foetal complications. Lifestyle changes, notably physical exercise and diet adjustments, appear to have beneficial effects. However, data are inconclusive with respect to which diet and form of exercise provide optimal benefits. Oral glycaemic agents—in particular, metformin—are gaining acceptance as more data indicating their long-term safety for the foetus and newborn emerge. Recent reviews present inconclusive data on the efficacy and safety of insulin analogues. New technologies such as continuous insulin pumps for type 1 diabetes and telemedicine-guided management of diabetes are significantly appreciated by patients and represent promising clinical tools. There are few new data addressing the areas of antenatal foetal surveillance, the timing and need for induction of delivery, and the indications for planned caesarean section birth.
Family Planning in Zambia: An Investment Pillar for Economic Development
Authors: Mbizvo Michael T. , Bellows Nicole , Rosen Joseph G. , Mupeta Stephen , Mwiche Chisha A. , Bellows Ben
Published: May 2019

Family planning represents a ‘best buy’ in global efforts to achieve sustainable development and attain improvements in sexual and reproductive health. Ensuring access is amongst key transformative strategies that underpin health and sustainable development. It confers fertility choices on women and couples within a human rights framework. By meeting contraceptive needs of all women, significant public health impact and development gains accrue. At the same time, governments face the complex challenge of allocating finite resources to competing priorities, each of which presents known and unknown challenges and opportunities. As such, there is a need to carefully consider the estimated costs and benefits for each proposed investment in health, education, social welfare, and security. Zambia has experienced a slow but steady increase in contraceptive prevalence, with slight decline in total fertility rate (TFR), over the past 20 years. Increasing voluntary modern contraceptive use among women offers opportunities to reduce unintended pregnancy while effectively harnessing the demographic dividend in order to bolster socioeconomic outcomes for households and communities. Drawing from the Zambian context, we present a case for making investments in voluntary family planning (FP), underpinned by a human rights framework, as a pillar for accelerating development and socio-economic advancement. Through multilevel interventions aimed at averting unintended pregnancies, Zambia – and other low- and middle-income countries – can reduce their age dependency ratios and harness economic growth opportunities awarded by the demographic dividend while improving the health and quality of life of the population.
Improved clinical outcomes in pressure ulcer prevention using the SEM scanner
Authors: Smith Glenn
Published: May 2019

Objective:

An in-practice evaluation of an sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) scanner, to detect non-visible pressure damage, allowing appropriate, targeted pressure ulcer (PU) prevention interventions.

Method:

The evaluation included patients on a single medical-surgical ward over a period of two months.

Results:

The evaluation included 35 patients. The outcomes of the evaluation suggest that the SEM scanner provided objective evidence that both the interventions being employed and the increase in repositioning and assessment prevented further incipient skin damage.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the early detection of non-visible tissue injury using the SEM scanner as an adjunct to the usual PU risk assessment strategies can reduce PU incidence, leading to improved patient outcomes and released productivity.
Prescribing considerations for emergency contraception
Authors: Raine Shelley
Published: May 2019

This article gives an up-to-date overview of emergency contraception, what it is, how it works, indications for use, eligibility, drug interactions and issues related to providing this essential service in practice. It is based on the 2017 national guideline from the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. Suggestions are made to help practitioners improve patient access and to additional support and training.
Meeting the new staff motivation requirements
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: May 2019

The NHS Long Term Plan includes advice on rewarding staff, helping them develop and ensuring a positive culture. Dave Hancock considers how you might achieve this
Lepromatous leprosy mimicking systemic lupus erithematosus: a case report
Authors: Kusumaningrum Niken , Purnamawati Schandra , Winarni Dwi Retno Adi , Soebono Hardyanto
Published: May 2019

The clinical manifestations of leprosy are highly variable, and the disease is notorious for being “a great imitator” of several other conditions. Leprosy may manifest with a variety of phenomena resembling those of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report a 33-year-old male presenting with wounds on his left leg and hyperpigmented skin lesions all over his body. Six years earlier, the patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, therapy for SLE did not control his symptoms; instead, the patient developed features of leprosy, such as anesthetic skin lesions, nerve enlargement, and tenderness. Tests for antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies were negative. Slit-skin smear showed a bacterial index of 6+ and morphological index of 10 %. Lupus band test results were negative. Histological findings were compatible with lepromatous leprosy. The clinical and serological similarities between leprosy and SLE may lead to erroneous diagnosis. Thus, clinicians should be aware of this characteristic for correct diagnosis.
The potential of carbonate apatite as an alternative bone substitute material
Authors: Rahyussalim Ahmad Jabir , Supriadi Sugeng , Marsetio Aldo Fransiskus , Pribadi Pancar Muhammad , Suharno Bambang
Published: May 2019

Bone reconstructive surgery has become a common procedure, and bone transplantation has become the second most frequently performed tissue transplantation procedure worldwide. Therefore, the need for bone substitute materials has increased. Artificial bone substitutes exhibit osteoconductive properties and feature several advantages, including abundant resources, low cost, and low donor site morbidity. Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) is a calcium phosphate ceramic that can be used as a synthetic bone graft. The carbonate content of this ceramic is similar to that of bone apatite. In this review, we show that carbonate apatite can be degraded given its chemical reactivity in a weakly acidic environment and through osteoclast resorption. Moreover, it is osteoconductive and promotes bone tissue formation without fibrotic tissue formation. Additionally, microstructural analysis revealed that new bone tissue is formed within the bone graft itself.
Internet addiction: a new addiction?
Authors: Kurniasanti Kristiana Siste , Assandi Pratiwi , Ismail Raden Irawati , Nasrun Martina Wiwie Setiawan , Wiguna Tjhin
Published: May 2019

The internet today has become an integral part of daily life that facilitates communication, education, and entertainment. The behavioral pattern of excessive internet usage has similarities to substance addiction, such as tolerance, withdrawal, repeated failure to reduce or quit, and impairment in daily life. Yet, there is no consistent physiological change that accompanies excessive use of the internet, as there is in excessive substance use. Neurological and neuroimaging studies of excessive internet users show biological changes in the prefrontal cortex that are similar to those found in other addictive syndromes. Brain structure changes also occur in the temporal cortex and ventral striatum, compromising executive function in planning and reasoning and increasing impulsive risk, resulting in loss of control over internet use. Of all the potential online applications known to cause addiction, only internet gaming disorder has been selected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a condition for further study.
DSM Generation from High Resolution Multi-View Stereo Satellite Imagery
Authors: Gong K. , Fritsch D.
Published: May 2019

Along with improvements to spatial resolution, multiple-view stereo satellite imagery has become a valuable datasource for digital surface model generation. In 2016, a public multi-view stereo benchmark of commercial satellite imag- ery was released by the John Hopkins University Applied
Physics Laboratory, USA. Motivated by this well-organized benchmark, we propose a pipeline to process multi-view satellite imagery into digital surface models. Input images are selected based on view angles and capture dates. We apply the relative bias-compensated model for orientation, and
then generate the epipolar image pairs. The images are matched by the modified tube-based SemiGlobal Matching method (tSGM). Within the triangulation step, very dense point clouds are produced, and are fused by a median filter to generate the Digital Surface Model (DSM). A comparison with
the reference data shows that the fused DSM generated by our pipeline is accurate and robust.
Comparação entre diferentes métodos de interpolação zonal para estimativa populacional: estudo de caso das áreas urbanas do Distrito Federal
Authors: De Castro Kássia Batista , Roig Henrique Llacer , Neumann Marina Rolim Bilich
Published: May 2019

Os dados acerca das características da população, normalmente divulgados pelo censo, são de suma importância, pois subsidiam inúmeros estudos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Estes dados são agregados de maneira arbitrária, considerando a informação homogênea em um determinado espaço.  Uma alternativa para contornar esse problema e gerar informação com qualidade espacial mais precisa é a utilização do mapeamento dasimétrico. O mapa dasimétrico utiliza dados auxiliares para refinar a representação da distribuição espacial da variável analisada. No decorrer das últimas décadas essa se tornou uma técnica bastante utilizada e diversos trabalhos foram realizados com diferentes abordagens metodológicas. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de três diferentes abordagens do mapeamento dasimétrico para a estimativa da população urbana do Distrito Federal. Para tanto, utilizou-se os modelos dasimétricos por ponderação de área (MD1), utilizando densidade relativa subjetiva (MD2) e o método dasimétrico inteligente (MDI) com a densidade relativa amostrada pelo método do centroide (MD3). Para a geração dos mapas foram utilizados dados do censo com o valor populacional em nível de subdistrito. O mapa de uso e cobertura utilizado possui resolução de 1m e foi modificado a partir do mapeamento de tipos de estruturas urbanas (UST) do DF, o qual classifica a área urbana em relação a sua homogeneidade considerando aspectos de funcionalidade, material de cobertura e características físicas. Para a avaliação dos métodos gerados utilizou-se métodos estatísticos e gráficos, utilizando como comparação a informação da população em nível de setores censitários. De acordo com as análises aplicadas o modelo que demonstrou o melhor desempenho foi o MD3, sendo esta técnica aplicada para o nível de informação de setores censitários como mapa final de estimativa da distribuição espacial da população urbana do DF.
Influência da Forma das Encostas na Suscetibilidade à Erosão na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Claro (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP)
Authors: Basilio Thamiris Cristina Costa , Fujimoto Jaqueline Tomiê , Lopes Thiago , Asciutti Gustavo Augusto Mendonça , Lorandi Reinaldo , De Lollo José Augusto
Published: May 2019

A erosão é conhecida como um fenômeno que gera graves consequências ao ambiente, se tornou uma preocupação global e foco de muitos estudos que buscam prevenir ou controlar seus efeitos.  A bacia hidrográfica do Rio Claro, situada na região nordeste do estado de São Paulo é constituída predominantemente de materiais inconsolidados de textura arenosa e compreende uma área de 251,91km². Este trabalho investigou, na escala 1:50.000, a influência das formas das encostas na suscetibilidade à erosão acelerada dessa bacia, a partir de dois métodos análise: Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP) e o Método da Soma Ponderada (Weighted Sum - WS). Com base em um banco de dados ambientais pré-existente, foram gerados mapas e cartas intermediários e temáticos. Os resultados mostram alta concentração de registros de erosões ativas de grande porte nas áreas com declividades entre 2% e 10%, compreendendo 1.55 km² relevo composto por colinas médias côncavas e convexas, e presença de materiais inconsolidados derivados das Formações Quaternárias e Terciárias. Tais processos se concentram em áreas classificadas como baixa e muito baixa suscetibilidade a erosão, segundo as duas técnicas utilizadas. Além da influência da textura arenosa e baixa compacidade dos solos, a concentração dos processos erosivos é controlada principalmente pela forma das encostas. Em termos percentuais, ocorrem mais processos erosivos nas áreas de colinas de perfil divergente côncavo, enquanto as maiores densidades de processos erosivos se localizam em áreas de colinas divergentes convexas e, secundariamente, nas colinas divergentes retilíneas.
Orientalische Handschriften der Wissenschaftlichen Stadtbibliothek Mainz erschlossen
Authors: Ottermann Annelen
Published: May 2019

Die sieben orientalischen Handschriften der Mainzer Wissenschaftlichen Stadtbibliothek wurden 2017/18 an der Arbeitsstelle Jena „Arabische Handschriften“ des Projekts „Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland“ der Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften erschlossen. Die Datenbank KOHD ist seit Jahresbeginn online.
Area Deprivation and its Impact on Population Health: Conceptual Aspects, Measurement and Evidence from Germany
Authors: Karmann Alexander , Weinhold Ines , Wende Danny
Published: May 2019

Empirical evidence demonstrates associations between socioeconomic or environmental area deprivation and public health. To measure such structural effects, deprivation indices have been developed in the UK initially. Meanwhile their application is increasingly discussed in Germany, however with little attempts to adapt the concept to national conditions. In this paper, we develop a model of area deprivation differentiating between material, social and ecological deprivation effects. We apply structural equation modelling to endogenously estimate the latent deprivation dimensions as well as their relative impact on the health outcome, accounting for potential measurement errors and controlling for health care infrastructure. We use data at the level of German municipal associations (n=4,491) for the years 2013 and 2016, if available. We find that differences in material (βmaterial=−0.168, p<0.001) and social deprivation (βsocial=−0.249, p<0.001) as well as ecological damage (βecological=−0.077, p<0.001) explain part of the health differences in Germany. The social dimension is paramount in a health context. Moreover, deprivation dimensions cancel out each other and combining them in one overall index blurs the diverse picture of area deprivation in Germany. The small area analysis illustrates, that different strategies in environmental-, education- or health policy are necessary to reduce deprivation in different regions.
Halfway there: the transition from 1968 to 2068 in tourism and hospitality
Authors: Webster Craig
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The intention of this paper is to discuss the changes that have taken place in the past fifty years and the changes that we expect in the next fifty years. We will look into the political and economic changes in the global economy and see what some of the trends that are predictable will lead to (population decreases in developed countries and difficulties funding pension schemes in developed countries…). We will also investigate some of the major issues with which humanity will have to deal with in the next fifty years for which the end is less predictable (energy depletion, resource depletion, economic integration…). We will discuss the changes that have gone on and the changes that we can expect, explaining how the tourism and hospitality industries have responded and will have to respond to the major and impactful changes that will come.

Methodology

The methodology is an investigation of the economic and political trends of the past fifty years and a discussion of the probable continuation of some of the trends and probability of major shifts in the next fifty years.

Main Results and Contributions

In 1968, the world was different from now and the tourism industry has undergone a transformation as a response to major social, political, and economic changes. Fifty years on, we have transitioned from the world of the Cold War and are well into the digital age with a globalized political economy. Here, we take the time to discuss the ways that the great political, economic, and social transformations of the last 50 years have impacted upon the social practice of tourism. We will look at the trends and their trajectory to make an assessment of how tourism will have to adjust to the new world of tourism in the next 50 years. Key in this discussion are some social changes, such as demographic changes in wealthy countries, petroleum dependency, the shift in production to Asia, the trajectory of the fiat currency system, and the increasing use of robotic technologies and artificial intelligence, among other things. We end a discussion with a discussion of how the travel and tourism industries will have to adjust to the new political, economic, and social realities of 2068.

Limitations

The chief limitation is that there are many salient variables to investigate in terms of coming to terms with critical changes of the past and the critical ones that will be drivers to the future.

Conclusions

There will be many changes in the next fifty years that we can expect such as increasing stress on the pension systems in developed countries, negative population growths in the developed countries, the increasingly critical roles of robots and artificial intelligence in service industries and resource/energy depletion. The major geopolitical reorientation of the world towards Asia is also a key variable to consider, as well as whether the long-term trend towards economic liberalization and globalization of the world economy will continue.
Ultimate transformation: How will automation technologies disrupt the travel, tourism and hospitality industries?
Authors: Ivanov Stanislav
Published: May 2019

Companies from the travel, tourism and hospitality industry have started adopting robots, artificial intelligence and service automation technologies (RAISA) in their operations. Self-check-in kiosks, robotic pool cleaners, delivery robots, robot concierges, chatbots, etc., are used increasingly by tourism companies and transform the ways they create and deliver services. This paper investigates the impact of RAISA technologies on travel, tourism and hospitality companies – their operations, facilities design, marketing, supply chain management, human resource management, and financial management. The paper emphasises that in the future companies will divide into two large segments – high-tech tourism companies offering standardized cheap robot-delivered services, and high-touch companies, which rely on human employees.
CIHR Health System Impact Fellows: Reflections on "Driving Change" Within the Health System
Authors: Sim S Meaghan , Lai Jonathan , Aubrecht Katie , Cheng Ivy , Embrett Mark , Ghandour El Kebir , Highet Megan , Liu Rebecca , Casteli Christiane PM , Saari Margaret , Ouédraogo Samiratou , Williams-Roberts Hazel
Published: May 2019

Learning health systems necessitate interdependence between health and academic sectors and are critical to address the present and future needs of our health systems. This concept is being supported through the new Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Health System Impact (HSI) Fellowship, through which postdoctoral fellows are situated within a health system-related organization to help propel evidence-informed organizational transformation and change. A voluntary working group of fellows from the inaugural cohort representing diversity in geography, host setting and personal background, collectively organized a panel at the 2018 Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research Conference with the purpose of describing this shared scholarship experience. Here, we present a summary of this panel reflecting on our experiential learning in a practice environment and its ability for impact.
Some Multidimensional Unintended Consequences of Telehealth Utilization: A Multi-Project Evaluation Synthesis
Authors: Alami Hassane , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Fortin Jean-Paul
Published: May 2019

Background: Telehealth initiatives have bloomed around the globe, but their integration and diffusion remain challenging because of the complex issues they raise. Available evidence around telehealth usually deals with its expected effects and benefits, but its unintended consequences (UCs) and influencing factors are little documented. This study aims to explore, describe and analyze multidimensional UCs that have been associated with the use of telehealth. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the evaluations of 10 telehealth projects conducted over a 22-year period in the province of Quebec (Canada). All material was subjected to a qualitative thematic-pragmatic content analysis with triangulation of methodologies and data sources. We used the conceptual model of the UCs of health information technologies proposed by Bloomrosen et al to structure our analysis. Results: Four major findings emerged from our analysis. First, telehealth utilization requires many adjustments, changes and negotiations often underestimated in the planning and initial phases of the projects. Second, telehealth may result in the emergence of new services corridors that disturb existing ones and involve several adjustments for organizations, such as additional investments and resources, but also the risk of fragmentation of services and the need to balance between standardization of practices and local innovation. Third, telehealth may accentuate power relations between stakeholders. Fourth, it may lead to significant changes in the responsibilities of each actor in the supply chain of services. Finally, current legislative and regulatory frameworks appear ill-adapted to many of the new realities brought by telehealth. Conclusion: This study provides a first attempt for an overview of the UCs associated with the use of telehealth. Future research-evaluation studies should be more sensitive to the multidimensional and interdependent factors that influence telehealth implementation and utilization as well as its impacts, intended or unintended, at all levels. Thus, a consideration of potential UCs should inform telehealth projects, from their planning until their scaling-up.
Effects of deltaAminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Gene Polymorphism on Hematological Parameters and Kidney Function of Lead-exposed Workers
Authors: Sobhi Siha Mona , Abdel-Hamid Shaker Dalia , Teleb Hebatalla Saad , Ahmed Rashed Laila
Published: May 2019

Lead exposure is associated with several health hazards among workers with different individual responses. We conducted this study to determine the possible effects of lead exposure on hematological parameters and kidney function of a group of Egyptian ammunition workers and the interaction of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) G177C gene polymorphisms as an effect modifier. Significant differences were observed between exposed workers with ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2 genotypes in terms of blood lead level, hematological parameters and kidney function. It seems that δ-ALAD gene polymorphism may be an effect modifier and a marker of genetic susceptibility to lead toxicity.
Effect of Friction on Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete in the ASTM C1550 Panel Test
Authors: Bernard Erik Stefan
Published: May 2019

Panel and beam tests are widely used to assess the flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). The performance data obtained in these tests is used for applications ranging from materials research to structural design and quality control. Designers that specify minimum levels of flexural performance for FRC when used in structural applications do this on the assumption that the results obtained from flexural performance tests represent the actual flexural performance of an FRC mixture. In reality, a considerable proportion of the apparent postcrack performance is attributable to friction at the supports. The result is that the postcrack flexural performance measured in tests may be considerably greater than the actual flexural performance of a given FRC mixture. The current research examines how friction at the supports under ASTM C1550, Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Using Centrally Loaded Round Panel), round panel tests affects the apparent performance and variability in performance of FRC mixtures. The effect of friction was investigated by comparing results obtained using steel support plates of the type described in ASTM C1550 with results obtained using low-friction support plates. Twelve FRC mixtures were used containing a wide variety of dosages and types of fibers, thus resulting in a wide range of postcrack flexural performances. The results indicate that friction is responsible for about 12.5 % of the energy absorption or residual flexural strength obtained, but has a negligible influence on within-batch variability of test results.
The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforcement and Multiple Reflow Cycles on Shear Strength of SAC305 Lead-Free Solder Alloy
Authors: Tikale Sanjay , Narayan Prabhu K.
Published: May 2019

In this study, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforcement on joint shear strength and microstructural development of tin-3.0silver-0.5copper (SAC305)/copper solder joint subjected to multiple reflow cycles was investigated. The MWCNT-reinforced SAC305 solder systems (SAC305-x MWCNT; x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt.%) were developed by a mechanical dispersion method. The microstructural, mechanical, and melting properties of SAC305 composite solders were evaluated as a function of different wt.% of MWCNT addition. The melting behavior of composite solders was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology and intermetallic compound growth at the solder joint interface were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The copper/solder/copper micro-lap-shear solder joint specimens reflowed for multiple reflow cycles were systematically characterized to evaluate the joint shear strength. The results showed that the reinforcement in the range of 0.01–0.05 wt.% of MWCNT resulted in the improvement of joint shear strength and better wettability compared to plain SAC305 solder alloy. Amongst all compositions analyzed, SAC305-0.05MWCNT nanocomposite suppressed the intermetallic compound layer growth effectively leading to improvement in the joint shear strength under multiple reflow cycles.
A Comparative Study of Carbon Supports for Pd/Au Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts
Authors: Meduri Kavita , Rahimian Arianna , Humbert Riley Ann , O’Brien Johnson Graham , Tratnyek Paul G. , Jiao Jun
Published: May 2019

Carbon materials are promising supports for heterogeneous catalysis compared to oxide supports, such as titania, alumina, mesoporous silica, and hydrotalcite, because of their stability and relative chemical inertness. Additionally, the unique surface structures of carbon supports help control the growth, aggregation, and uniformity of the catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) hybridized with them. However, the effect of carbon supports on these NP catalysts is not well understood, affecting the optimization of this type of catalysts. In this study, palladium-gold (Pd/Au) carbon composites were systematically investigated, and the most favorable carbon support was identified. Carbon-supported Pd/Au NPs have often been favored for catalytic hydrodehalogenation (HDH) of volatile organic compounds. Hence, this study uses trichloroethylene (TCE) as model contaminant to investigate the effects of four types of carbon supports—granular activated carbon (GAC), carbon black, graphite, and graphite nanoplates—on the formation of catalytic Pd/Au NPs and their correlations to HDH reactions. Each support was chosen based on a desirable quality: GAC has a large surface area and substantial absorption capabilities, carbon black has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio and good chemical stability, graphite is the most stable form of carbon with a layered structure and thermal stability, and graphite nanoplates have large surface areas with structural stability. Characterizations of these Pd/Au-carbon composites show different NP sizes on each support, with GAC and carbon black generating smaller NPs. The HDH results suggest GAC, carbon black, and graphite nanoplates composites generate fast reaction rates. However, when comparing particle size and surface area, Pd/Au-GAC composites generate the fastest TCE degradation, providing a bigger boost to HDH rates than other types of carbon supports. More advantageously, GAC is widely available commercially with relatively low cost, and its high surface area is enabled by its high porosity, making GAC the preferred carbon support for Pd/Au NP catalyst mass production.
Aprendizagem de línguas como sistema adaptativo complexo: análise de narrativas e proposta de intervenção
Authors: López Catalina Henao , Bahia Emídio Júnior Santos , Magno e Silva Walkyria
Published: May 2019

Recentemente tem-se afirmado o entendimento do processo de aprendizagem de línguas como um sistema adaptativo complexo (LARSEN-FREEMAN, 1997; LARSEN-FREEMAN; CAMERON, 2008; PAIVA; NASCIMENTO, 2009; MAGNO E SILVA; BORGES, 2016). Narrativas de aprendizagem têm sido usadas como importantes fontes de conhecimento sobre como isso se dá. Este artigo discute situações ocorridas em dois processos de aprendizagem que os caracterizam como esse tipo de sistema, apontando algumas intervenções que poderiam ser sido realizadas para alterar seu curso. O texto começa com uma revisão teórica sobre o paradigma da complexidade e sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, seguida de uma análise de duas narrativas de aprendizagem de línguas das quais emerge uma proposta de intervenção que pode ser utilizada pelos professores (ou outros agentes) em situações análogas com o intuito de dinamizar o sistema de aprendizagem de seus estudantes.
O texto dramático e a cena teatral: elementos de análise a partir de Patrice Pavis
Authors: Grazioli Fabiano Tadeu
Published: May 2019

O artigo recupera aspectos relevantes na análise de textos dramáticos e da encenação teatral, tendo em vista a proposta de Patrice Pavis em importante estudo publicado no Brasil: A análise dos espetáculos: teatro, mímica, dança, teatro-dança, cinema (2011). No início, tratamos das duas visões do espetáculo apontadas por Pavis (2011), a saber, a visão “textocentrista” e a visão “cenocentrista”, a primeira calcada no texto dramático, a segunda na encenação teatral. Na sequência, exploramos um denominador teórico que Pavis (2011) sugere tanto para a análise do texto dramático, quanto para a encenação teatral: o levantamento da ação e dos actantes, das estruturas do espaço, do tempo, do ritmo e da articulação e o estabelecimento da fábula. Para isso, partimos da referida publicação em direção a publicações anteriores (PAVIS, 2007, 2008), que nos permitem ampliar os conceitos para melhor desenvolvê-los, em interface com estudos já existentes sobre as temáticas. O trabalho aponta para a efetiva correlação entre os elementos sugeridos por Pavis (2011), que se tornam importantes no estabelecimento de critérios para o estudo e a leitura do texto dramático.
Filamentation Regulatory Pathways Control Adhesion-Dependent Surface Responses in Yeast
Authors: Chow Jacky , Starr Izzy , Jamalzadeh Sheida , Muniz Omar , Kumar Anuj , Gokcumen Omer , Ferkey Denise M , Cullen Paul J
Published: May 2019

Signaling pathways can regulate biological responses by the transcriptional regulation of target genes. In yeast, multiple signaling pathways control filamentous growth, a morphogenetic response that occurs in many species including fungal pathogens. Here, we examine the role of signaling pathways that control filamentous growth in regulating adhesion-dependent surface responses, including mat formation and colony patterning. Expression profiling and mutant phenotype analysis showed that the major pathways that regulate filamentous growth [filamentous growth MAPK (fMAPK), RAS, retrograde (RTG), RIM101, RPD3, ELP, SNF1, and PHO85] also regulated mat formation and colony patterning. The chromatin remodeling complex, SAGA, also regulated these responses. We also show that the RAS and RTG pathways coregulated a common set of target genes, and that SAGA regulated target genes known to be controlled by the fMAPK, RAS, and RTG pathways. Analysis of surface growth-specific targets identified genes that respond to low oxygen, high temperature, and desiccation stresses. We also explore the question of why cells make adhesive contacts in colonies. Cell adhesion contacts mediated by the coregulated target and adhesion molecule, Flo11p, deterred entry into colonies by macroscopic predators and impacted colony temperature regulation. The identification of new regulators (e.g., SAGA), and targets of surface growth in yeast may provide insights into fungal pathogenesis in settings where surface growth and adhesion contributes to virulence.