bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effects of etanercept on diabetic retinopathy via regulation of the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Jiajian , Yu Qingqing , Yang Genlan , Wei Wei , Tang Pengjun , Zheng Ying , Zhang Fusheng , Liu Qisheng , Wang Yujie
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To study the influence of etanercept on diabetic retinopathy in rats via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal, model and etanercept groups. The expression of Caspase-3 was determined by immunohistochemistry, while the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB were determined by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Besides, the contents of TNF-α and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while cell apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).

Results: Immunohistochemical studies showed that the mean optical density of tissues positive for caspase-3 in both the model and etanercept groups were significantly higher than in the normal group (p < 0.05), while the mean optical density in the etanercept group was significantly lower than that in the model group (p < 0.05). The protein expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in the etanercept group were significantly lower than those in the model group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB declined in the etanercept group (p < 0.05); in addition, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the etanercept group were lower than in the model group (p < 0.05). Cell apoptosis in the etanercept group was also lower than in the model group.

Conclusion: Etanercept suppresses TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway thereby repressing inflammation and cell apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy rats. Therefore, etenercept’s neuroprotective effect may potentially be useful in developing a suitable therapy for diabetic neuropathy.
“The Wisdom of Trauma”
Authors: Antico Chiara
Published: November 2022

Psychological reflections based on the film “The Wisdom of Trauma” directed by Maurizio Benazzo and Zaya Benazzo and released in 2021. The story presented in the documentary shows the fragility of a person’s life with the experience of trauma. Professionals working with addicts explain what the wisdom of trauma is, how people and their bodies cope with traumatic experiences, and what suffering brings to the lives of those in need of support.
Cathodic Corrosion Inhibition of Steel by Musa Paradisiaca Leave Extract
Authors: O. Martins Titus , A. Ofudje Edwin , A. Ogundiran Abimbola , A. Ikeoluwa Ojo , A. Oluwatobi Osipitan , F. Sodiya Ezekiel , Ojo Opeyemi
Published: November 2022

It is reported here that the phytochemicals present on the surface of the Musa paradisiaca (MPL) prevent water and other corroding agents from having direct access to the surface of mild steel. These phytochemicals were extracted from the MPL using 70% Ethanol solution and Weight Loss experiment was carried out with variation of temperature, time and concentration HCl and that of the MPL extract in % v/v. The inhibition eFFect of M. paradisiaca leaves of mild steel in aqueous solutions of Hydrochloric acid were investigated at 25, 35, 45 and 60 oC being immersed simultaneously and independently in the acid medium over a period of 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. A protecting film appeared on the metal surface by the MPL extract via electron donation, hence, acting as the cathode. The temperature and immersion time were inversely proportional to inhibition effciency while concentration of MPL is directly proportional. FT-IR of the extract showed oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups which are the general characteristics of a typical corrosion inhibitor, while the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) investigation revealed different biomolecules thus suggesting that the plant extract consists of different molecules.
Potential of Anacardic Acid for Nanosized Cellulose Preparation Under Different Treatment Conditions
Authors: O. Oluwasina Olugbenga , D. Aderibigbe Abiodun , Petinrin Damilola C. , Adebisi Adeyemi S. , Oluwasina Olayinka O. , Wahab Oluwasegun J.
Published: November 2022

Herein, anacardic acid was applied for the preparation of nanosized cellulose using three different 11 treatment conditions including ultrasonication, microwave irradiation, and reflux. Physico-chemical 12 characterization was undertaken using FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD. FTIR, TEM, and SEM analyses 13 confirm the preparation of nanosized cellulose with similar chemical but different physical properties as 14 the cellulose starting material. In addition, calculated degrees of crystallinities from XRD data revealed 15 crystallinities of 53.9, 54.4, and 54.7 % for the nanosized cellulose prepared by ultrasonication (UNC), 16 microwave irradiation (MNC), and reflux (RNC) respectively, which all are higher than the 53.3 % of the 17 precursor cellulose. Overall, the study shows that anacardic acid holds potential for the preparation of 18 nanosized cellulose.
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TOTAL INVESTMENTS ON PUBLIC DEBT: THE VAR ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Yilmaz Ömer
Published: November 2022

The level of public sector debt varies according to the government’s size, scope, and activities. Borrowing positively affects the level of production and employment in the country when it occurs in the right conditions. The benefits and damages of borrowing vary from country to country and may have different consequences. The emergence of opposing views for or against borrowing may be caused by the evidence. In this study, the effects of total investment and economic growth on borrowing were examined with the data of the period 1995-2021. Granger causality and VAR analysis methods were used in the analysis. According to Granger’s evidence, there is a bidirectional relationship between economic growth and public debt. The results show that there is a causal relationship between economic growth and total investment. Affirming variance decomposition and impact-response analysis, most of the shock to government debt is because of economic growth. The impact of the total investment on government debt is also small. This result shows that policymakers should pay attention to the potential risks of public debt when implementing policies to promote economic growth. To keep sound debt management, future policies should emphasize budgetary discipline and they should make no compromises. Using borrowed funds for total investment and the promotion of high-value-added investments are also crucial for maintaining a healthy growth policy.
 

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PROCEDURE EASY ANALYSIS, EFFECTIVE VERIFICATION, GOOD SERVICE ON TAXPAYER AWARENESS AND COMPLIANCE
Authors: Rahayu Yayuk Ngesti
Published: November 2022

The reason for this study was once to decide the attention of taxpayers in mediating accurate service relationships, simple and easy procedures and high-quality verification of compliance with land and building taxpayers in the Rural and Urban sectors. A complete of 123 person taxpayers who own land and or buildings. who took the Land and Building Tax Payable Tax Return for 2022 at the Malang City Regional Revenue Agency, the records analysis used WarpPLS to evaluate the mannequin starting from the outer model and the internal model. The effects showed that taxpayer cognizance used to be in a position to mediate a high-quality verification relationship on taxpayer compliance. Effective consciousness and verification without delay have an effect on taxpayer compliance, whilst appropriate service, easy and handy methods are no longer in a position to make bigger taxpayer recognition and compliance.

 

JEL: H20; H25; H24

 

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CHARACTERIZING INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR AMONG BUSINESS STUDENTS IN SOUTHERN MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Estrada Laarni Jane , Meneses Stella , Valencia Mae , Murcia John Vianne
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to characterize the investment behaviors of college students taking Business-related programs in Mindanao, Philippines. This includes determining their awareness of investing and whether the identified measures of investment behavior would pose a likelihood of appropriate investment decisions. The study is a sequential-exploratory mixed method research design, implemented in three phases: qualitative approach in the first phase and quantitative approaches in the second (data reduction procedure) and third (regression procedure) phases. A total of 300 college students taking Business programs in the College of Business Administration Education and College of Accounting Education of the largest university in Mindanao, Philippines participated in the survey, where they were asked to respond to the 35-item financial behavior scale developed in the first phase. Exploratory factor analysis was able to trim the 35-item scale into 29 items which loaded in ten dimensions: information/random walk, negative investor mindset, expert influence, investor’s awareness, publicity, financial capacity, stock market orientation/literacy, risk appetite, interest, and venture capital. Regressing these ten dimensions with students’ demographic variables revealed that Business students are cautious in investments and rely on expert advice before proceeding to invest but at a later time. Implications are discussed.

 

JEL: E22; F21

 

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FAMILY SAVINGS OF THE WORKING POPULATION IN MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Luncido Adriane John P. , Tan-Cruz Agustina
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted to understand the saving behavior of the working population in Mindanao using the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) datasets covering the periods 2003 to 2015. The study determined the factors which influence the families to save using Tobit regression and compared the levels of family income, expenditures, and savings of the regions of Mindanao. The study revealed that the real value of family savings increases as the family head gets older, but it eventually declines as the head nears retirement age. Tobit estimates revealed that in Mindanao, the age of the family head, household tenure, wages from agricultural and non-agricultural activities, income from entrepreneurial activities and cash assistance from abroad positively influence families to save; while sex of the family head, educational attainment, and the number of young dependents negatively influence the families to save. Moreover, the family size, marital status and geospatial location of the family heads have shown both positive and negative influences on family savings for different years. Meanwhile, the ANOVA results revealed that in 2015 there were significant variations between and among the income, expenditure, and savings of families in all regions of Mindanao. However, the Tukey-Kramer HSD test revealed that family savings in some regions in Mindanao have statistically the same means such as the Zamboanga Peninsula and CARAGA, Northern Mindanao and Davao Region, and SOCCKSARGEN and ARMM, while other regions vary significantly from each other. Overall, the ANOVA results revealed that for 2015 the Davao Region has the highest mean family income and expenditure, while Northern Mindanao recorded the highest mean family savings. The ARMM region showed the least value of mean income, mean savings and mean expenditures of families among the regions of Mindanao.

 

JEL: C34, D14, D15, E21

 

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STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ACTIVE LEARNING IN INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
Authors: Le Thien Trang Truong , Phan Thuy Hoai Thi , Pham Thao Trang , Phan Huy Thong Truong
Published: November 2022

There is a growing interest in active learning as a shift from traditional lecturing to improving student-centred learning in English. However, in the Vietnamese context of teaching and learning at tertiary levels, little research has examined students’ perceptions of active learning in approaching Introduction to Literature. This study is therefore aimed to look into this area of interest. Participants in this study were 94 students from junior and seniors majoring in high-quality programs at a university in the Mekong Delta. Data were collected from questionnaires. The findings show that students had positive perceptions of active learning in studying this course. Implications for teaching and learning this course are made.
 

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CLASSROOM TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Uygun Mehmet , Duman Mehmet
Published: November 2022

The present study aims to investigate classroom teachers’ perceptions of out-of-school learning environments. The study was designed around a survey model. The sample of the study was comprised of 359 classroom teachers determined with random sampling method, working in the central districts of Denizli province in the 2021-2022 academic year, and who completely responded to the questions in the data collection tool. The data collection tool used in the study consisted of two parts as "Personal Information" and "Out of School Learning Regulation Scale". Looking at the classroom teachers’ responses to out of school learning regulation scale and its dimensions, the highest mean was found in the "application" dimension and indicated a high-level perception while the lowest mean was in the "planning” dimension and indicated a medium level. It was also seen that the classroom teachers’ perceptions were at a medium level in the “information” dimension, high in the “evaluation” dimension and high in the overall scale, and it was understood that the teachers were generally at a good level in this area. The classroom teachers’ perceptions of out-of-school learning regulation did not differ according to their teaching experience, education level and receiving training related to out-of-school learning environments; however, their perceptions differed according to their gender, age, marital status, the district where they work, and studying the out-of-school learning environments guidebook.
 

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MANAGEMENT STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS DIFFERENT KINDS OF EXAM FORMAT: A CASE FROM A UNIVERSITY IN NORWAY
Authors: Opstad Leiv
Published: November 2022

The exam is an important tool for learning and measuring students’ knowledge and competence. However, there are no standard answers as to how exams are best suited to ensure this. There is considerable variation in students’ preferences for different exam types. In this study, the focus is on students’ attitudes towards the choice of exam type. This survey features management students from Norway, who study for a master's degree in order to pursue a career in the public sector. The results show that students are well motivated to learn, but they are sensitive to the choice of exam type. This affects effort, motivation, and expected success. There are different views on the types of exams that are perceived to be fair. The oral exam stands out in particular, as female students have great anxiety in relation to this form of exam.
 

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THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACULTY SPIRITUALITY AND SCHOOL CLIMATE
Authors: Quines Lyndon A. , Cabaron Ian Michael P.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between faculty spirituality and school climate. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public-school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Path Analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that there is a very high level of mean scores for all variables of affective commitment, faculty spirituality and school climate. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between faculty spirituality and school climate, between faculty spirituality and affective commitment and between affective commitment and school climate. Further, it was revealed that there was a full mediation effect of affective commitment on the relationship between faculty spirituality and school climate. This implies that faculty spirituality conveys the affective commitment of teachers.

 

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COLLEGE ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT IN INTEGRATION OF ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENT TEACHERS IN PRIMARY TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES: THE KENYAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ng’etich Tuimur Hilda , Aiyobei Tabot Benedicta
Published: November 2022

Administrative support is key in inclusive education and more so in the integration of adaptive technology for visually impaired (VI) student teachers. Integration of adaptive technology improves the quality of education, removes learning barriers and ensures that the visually impaired student teachers graduate as skilled, confident and competent primary school teachers. This study assessed the college administration’s support in the integration of adaptive technology for visually impaired student teachers. The study was guided by the diffusion of innovation theory by Rogers which gives a basis for the adoption of innovations in institutions and other settings. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study population included administrators and tutors in three primary teachers training colleges which admit student teachers with visual impairment in Kenya. The purposive sampling technique was used to select three deans of the curriculum while simple random sampling was used to select nine heads of departments and 93 tutors making a sample of 105 respondents. Data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the quantitative data. A qualitative procedure was applied to information from interviews where respondents’ answers were presented in words and interpretations made. The findings of this study revealed that the college administration’s support for the integration of adaptive technology was low. The recommendation made was that the college administration of public primary TTCs should fully support the integration of adaptive technology for VI student teachers in the primary TTCs by availing resources and training tutors on the integration of adaptive technology.
 

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EMPOWERING BENINESE EFL TEACHERS FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH EFFECTIVE SUPERVISORY WORKS: CASE STUDIES OF OUÉMÉ AND PLATEAU REGIONS, BENIN / RENFORCEMENT DES CAPACITES DES PROFESSEURS D’ANGLAIS DU BENIN POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT PROFESSIONNEL PAR LES ACTIVITES DE L’INSPECTION PEDAGOGIQUE : ETUDE DU CAS DES DEPARTEMENTS DE L’OUEME ET DU PLATEAU, BENIN
Authors: Assogba Dotou Johannes , Hounhanou Arlette Viviane , Koutchadé Innocent Sourou
Published: November 2022

Inspectors are required to design activities that focus on quality insofar as teaching is concerned. The purpose of this work consists in raising the highest pedagogical institution’s awareness of its prominent role and the immediate actions to take in order to positively impact the education system as a whole with specific regard to EFL teachers’ classroom performances in the secondary schools in Ouémé and Plateau district in Benin. The paper also aims to have their teaching practice improved and thereafter allow them to reach professional development for the benefit of their students. The study has then identified specific activities to be carried out and implemented by the target teachers in a classroom situation. To find out the type of activities that can be carried out to reach the study’s purpose, instruments that made it easy to collect data have been displayed, analysed and discussed. The analysis and discussion of the results have brought about the justification of the three hypotheses formulated in the study. All this was done on the basis of a properly described procedure that resulted in the findings of the study which revealed that the poor academic achievement of numerous students of the target region is due to their teachers’ pedagogical weakness. It has been suggested that inspectors should then train, coach and accompany those teachers through purposely selected activities.
 

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INVESTIGATING DIFFICULTIES OF ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS IN WRITING ACADEMIC ESSAYS
Authors: Duy Truong Vinh , Trang Bui Thi Thu
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties faced by English-majored students in writing academic essays. To collect the data for the investigation, the sample involved was twenty-seven English-majored students who have been studying English as their specialization at a public university in Vietnam. The instruments of this study conducted a mix-method as a qualitative and quantitative approach. To achieve the purpose of this study, the questionnaire was administered as the quantitative data collection and the semi-structured interview as the qualitative data collection. Then, five of the total participants were randomly interviewed to gain insight ideas of the difficulties that they face when writing academic essays in their writing course. The results of this study demonstrated that the majority of students had obstacles related to insufficient linguistic knowledge namely, lexicon-grammar, vocabulary, and the structure of sentences. The findings from the interviews also indicated that the participants had encountered linguistic knowledge difficulties. Based on the findings, both some recommendations and implications are presented.
 

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EXTERNAL FACTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENTERPRISE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Sadiku Kosovare Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Businesses can’t control external factors but must respond to them. These political, economic, social, technological, environmental and competitive factors are represented by the acronym PESTEC. This research is based on secondary data following the methodology of literature review for different periods of time to understand which of these 5 factors has the greatest impact on the strategic management of the enterprise. From the data obtained we have concluded that all external factors have a high impact on the strategic management of the enterprise. The management of the enterprise in time should be informed of the expected changes that may come from political, economic, social or cultural factors. All these factors have their importance and impact on the good management of the enterprise and even more so in its strategic aspect.
 

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EFFECT OF ATTITUDE SURVEY ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE MEDICAL STAFF IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN BOMET COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kimetto Chepkoech Cathleen , Kipchumba Simon , Bowen Daisy
Published: November 2022

The public health facilities in Kenya provide diverse health services to its citizens throughout the country. Public health employees across the country have exhibited some dissatisfaction in the recent past which has led to poor service delivery as well strikes. This could be a result of delays in salaries, poor remuneration, poor working conditions, lack of PPEs and non-inclusion of employees in airing their views. These issues and others are indicative of having demotivated and unsatisfied employees. This study, therefore, purposes to establish the effect of the attitude survey strategies on job satisfaction among the medical staff in public health facilities in Bomet County. Specifically, the study seeks to examine whether attitude surveys, upward communication, employee participation and suggestion schemes have an effect on the job satisfaction of employees in public health facilities in Bomet County. The study was guided by the anxiety uncertain theory. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. The study targeted 205 medical staff drawn from 3 public health facilities in Bomet County. A stratified random sampling technique was used. A sample size of 136 medical staff was used in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection. A pilot study was undertaken in Kericho referral hospital. The study made the following conclusions. The study concluded that the attitude survey had a statistically significant influence on job satisfaction levels. The study further found that the unstandardized regression beta stood at 0.597 which indicated that a unit increase in attitude survey would lead to 0.597 change in the job satisfaction.
 

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THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE INITIATOR FOR DIGITAL INCLUSION OR EXCLUSION OF SMES IN THE BULAWAYO METROPOLITAN PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Nani Gwendoline Vusumuzi , Maguraushe Kudakwashe
Published: November 2022

The study examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic had created digital opportunities for Small to Medium Entrepreneurs (SMEs) in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe or it had actually exposed their lack of digital acumen. The interpretivist paradigm, a qualitative descriptive approach and a case study design were adopted for this study. The research used semi-structured questionnaires to solicit data from 30 purposively selected small to medium entrepreneurs. Data were thematically analysed to discern meaning. The study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had led participants to embrace technology, as evidenced by their acquisition of technological gadgets. Furthermore, ownership of technological gadgets had facilitated working from home, in the comfort of their homes; reaching clients irrespective of boundaries; having easy access to information on business transactions; the ability to do business even during the pandemic; ordering and ease of payment of suppliers; convenience and flexibility in doing business and discovering business platforms they were not aware of. The study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic was the initiator for the digital inclusion of SMEs in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Province, after the realisation that for their businesses to remain operational in this uncertain and disruptive environment, they had to embrace technology. The study recommended that workshops to train and equip SME owners with digital skills be conducted so that in the event of other pandemics, their businesses would remain afloat.

 

 

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EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL STIMULATION ON STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN WESTERN REGION, KENYA
Authors: Priscillah Anuri Kwamboka , Shitseswa Ayub E. , Kwendo Evans
Published: November 2022

County governments in Kenya have been in operation since 2013, but the performance of most of them is still an issue for debate despite the reforms that have been put in place. Consequently, for the achievement of exceptional performance in the current dynamic and uncertain socio-economic environment, a blend of buoyant leadership capabilities and potent management styles is required. Transformational leadership has been touted as a possible remedy to such scenarios. The study sought to determine how intellectual stimulation affects strategy implementation. The study was anchored on the power and influence theory of leadership. A pilot study was conducted in Trans Nzoia County. The study was a census targeting 268 respondents and was anchored on a positivism paradigm and utilized a descriptive-correlational research design. A purposive sampling design was adopted and data was collected using questionnaires and an interview guide. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics descriptive analysis by the aid of SPSS version 23. Results were presented in form of tables and models. The findings revealed that intellectual stimulation significantly accounts for a 30.1% variation in strategy implementation. Further, intellectual stimulation (β=0.448, P=0.000) has a significant statistical effect on strategy implementation. The study concluded that intellectual stimulation has a significant effect on strategy implementation. The study recommends that county management need to develop the competence of their staff at their place of work, appreciate each staff as an individual rather than as a group, and ensure fair workload distribution. These will encourage staff to perform their jobs effectively and put extra effort into their work hence strategy implementation.

JEL: G18; H11

 

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AUDIO-VISUAL TRANSLATION BETWEEN DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNISATION: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH INTO ARABIC NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ABU DHABI DOCUMENTARIES
Authors: Rouabhia Ridha , Rabahi Tayeb , Öztürk Abdul Serdar
Published: November 2022

For centuries, translation has been a means of cross-cultural communication and has played a significant role in facilitating interaction between people who speak different languages and belong to other cultures. This difference in culture often poses problems for translators. Therefore, researchers have been developing strategies such as domestication and foreignisation to overcome cultural obstacles to translation. This study explored the use of these strategies in the audio-visual translation of documentaries from the National Geographic channel translated into Arabic. It also sought to reveal to what extent these strategies were used and which strategy was applied more, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected from various documentaries and analysed manually. Findings concluded that translators in National Geographic Abu Dhabi tended to mingle domestication and foreignisation strategies and shift from one to another on purpose. The choice of the appropriate strategy depended on whether the translator defended his cultural and social identity against all that was foreign and strange through domestication or whether he accepted the other and welcomed his foreignness. This study is limited in terms of samples and thus recommends expanding the number of documentaries selected for analysis in future works.
 

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CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN SPORTS AND SPORTS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Usman Mong Emeka , Otu Tawo Moses , Olumba Michael Ohaeri , Ohuruogu Ben Ngozi , Ngwakwe Patricia Chinma , Amuche Orji Scholastica , Okechukwu Aleke Christian , Onuenyim Ngozi
Published: November 2022

Sports have become a good source of livelihood and entertainment. From time-to-time sports organizations witness violent and non-violent situations which define crisis. Violence can be internally or externally and poses a serious obstacle to effective sports management around the globe. The impact of violence in sports is really capable of inducing severe consequences or even disaster if inappropriate strategic moves are made or adopted, planned or devised. Many persons lost their source of livelihood as a result of the crisis in sports. The issue of how sports organizations can develop and maintain the good performance of participants when faced with crisis situations has largely remained underexplored. This paper, therefore, reviews the concept of crisis, sports crisis, crisis management and sports development. The paper specifically discussed the causes and effects of the crisis on the operation of sports organizations, types of crisis management strategies and models. The paper further examined sports development in Nigeria and how it relates to crisis management in sports, since crisis management form the bedrock of peaceful co-existence between employers and employees in sports organizations and even the society at large, the paper recommends that the management of sports organizations should be pro-active in their crisis management plans in order to identify, resolve and adequately handle issues that are capable of destroying sports programmes among sports teams or clubs in the country.

 

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RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO BASEBALL CATCHER POP TIMES: HIGH SCHOOL AND MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL COMPARISON
Authors: Fry Andrew C. , Wagle John P. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije , Yu Daniel , Renteria Ivan
Published: November 2022

Pop time (POP) is the measure of how long it takes a catcher to throw to 2nd base calculated from when the ball arrives in his mitt to when it arrives in the fielder’s glove at 2nd base. It has recently been suggested that greater emphasis should be placed on throwing velocity development instead of the ball exchange and throwing motion. The present study determined if the differences in POP characteristics between high school (HS) and Major League Baseball (MLB) catchers indicate a greater contribution from throwing velocity. HS catchers had slower POP characteristics in both exchange and throw phases. Exchange and throw times relative to pop times were nearly identical for HS and MLB, 36.6% and 36.0%, and 63.4% and 64.0%, respectively. The exchange phase exhibited the greatest variability and the most room for improvement. POP percent contribution from the exchange and throw phases between HS and MLB catchers did not change and their absolute values both improved equally. Therefore, it may be beneficial for coaches to design programs that not only strengthen the arm, but also develop efficient ball exchange and catcher throwing mechanics prior to ball release.
 

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SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH PREPAREDNESS AND COMPLICATION READINESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN YENAGOA, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
Authors: Osegi Nkencho , Eguvbe Anthony Okeoghene , Adam Vincent Yakubu
Published: November 2022

Background: Maternal mortality still remains a substantial burden and hence progress towards the fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) was particularly slow. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in developing regions is 15 times (240/100,000 live births) higher than in developed regions (16/100,000live births). Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest MMR at 500 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Objectives: To assess the sociodemographic factors affecting birth preparedness and complication readiness amongst those attending antenatal clinics in Yenagoa metropolis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done amongst pregnant women of childbearing ages attending ANC clinics using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Most of the respondents 258 (99.2%) were Christians. The majority 239 (91.9%) of the respondents were married. One hundred and thirteen (43.5%) respondents were Ijaw in their ethnic group, followed Igbo; 71 (27.3%). The majority 141 (54.2%) of respondents had a secondary level of education Socioeconomic status II had the highest frequency 97 (37.3%), then status I, 94 (36.2%) Birth preparedness and complication readiness of mothers was significantly (p <0.05) associated with mother’s education, socioeconomic status and knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Birth preparedness and complication readiness of mothers were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with the age of the expectant mother, marital status, family size, gestational age, antenatal care follow-up, number of antenatal care visits and time to the nearest health facility. Conclusion: Educational status, socioeconomic status and knowledge of key danger signs during pregnancy were independent predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness. There is a need for improvement of the above factors in other to enhance birth preparedness and complication readiness.

 

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PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER AMONG URBAN AND RURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF KHANA, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ojule Inumanye Nkechi , Te-Erebe Humble Barilugbene
Published: November 2022

Background: Substance use disorder is a major social and public health problem all over the world. This menace cuts across all age groups, but the adolescents and youths who are still undergoing physiological and psychological developments tend to be the most vulnerable and most affected. This study centred on the prevalence and predictors of substance use disorder among secondary school students in urban and rural settings of Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Multi-stage sampling was applied in selecting 400 respondents from eight government secondary schools in the L.G.A. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used. Collected data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. For all analyses level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of substance use disorder obtained was 37% for Urban and 38% for rural respondents. Alcohol was the most commonly abused in both settings 46.5% urban vs 47.2% rural followed by kola-nut, cannabis and opiate/codeine. Rural students indulged more (29.13%, 15.09%, 11.32%) than urban students (22.64%, 11.81%, 7.87%) respectively. The majority of respondents were introduced to substance use by family members and friends. The reason given for substance use by the most was to be awake, peer pressure and curiosity. Being male, age group 16-20 years, and living in polygamous and single parents’ homes were noted to be predictors of substance use disorder.  Conclusion: Based on the results from the study, it can be concluded that substance use disorder is a common problem among secondary school students in both the urban and rural settings of Rivers State.

 

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UPPER EYELID BLEPHAROPLASTY RESULTS AND EVALUATION OF PATIENT SATISFACTION
Authors: Genç Çiğdem Deniz
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on surgical results, recovery time, complications, scar development and patient satisfaction in cases that undergo upper eyelid blepharoplasty. 184 eyes of 92 patients who had undergone upper eyelid blepharoplasty were evaluated in the present study. The patients were evaluated in terms of surgical results, complications, recovery time and scar development. In the postoperative second month, the patients were given Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) to determine the changes in the life quality of patients and surgical benefit and to determine the characteristics of this change. The mean age was found as 59,2 ±6,8 years and 81.5% of the patients were female. Skin and fat excision were performed in all patients. None of the patients underwent muscle excision. 86.9% of the patients stated that they were very satisfied with the surgery, 6.5% stated that they were satisfied, 5.5% stated that they were moderately satisfied and 1.1% stated that they were not satisfied. According to GBI results, an increase was found in both total GBI score and in sub-scores other than physical score. Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a common surgery for functional reasons and aesthetic concerns. Accurate evaluation and surgery increase patients’ quality of life and patient satisfaction.

 

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TEACHING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES TO STUDENTS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY – TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Chatzoglou Alexandros
Published: November 2022

Information technologies teachers face different challenges in their work when teaching their school subjects to students with intellectual disabilities. This paper points out some of the most important and most common challenges and makes the relevant paths for overcoming these obstacles to achieving good academic results.

 

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BIOETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM IN PAEDIATRIC REHABILITATION
Authors: Suresh Shrisruthi , Kanniappan Vadivelan
Published: November 2022

Background: Paediatric rehabilitation has been very important to all paediatric conditions and the professionalism of the rehab team benefits the child’s progression as well as individual development. Though there are many ethical issues in the rehab team, some facts are still a mystery. Ethics or moral philosophy is critical thinking about the behavior expressions of human interdependence. This study mainly deals with specific domains which are very important among rehabilitation teams: 1. holistic approach, 2. tool examination, 3. protocol setting, 4. parental involvement. Aim of the Study: The study aims to identify and clarify ethical issues among the professionals dealing with the paediatric population. Methodology: The study is an observational type with a survey method, a questionnaire was formed and sent to the professionals dealing with the paediatric population and their responses were identified through google forms. Conclusion: Clinical practice or a refined framework of decision-making changes the ideology of members of the team. Knowledge sharing about paediatric care between the professionals helps in protocol making.

 

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SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN THE UNIVERSITY’S VISUAL COMMUNICATION ON FACEBOOK SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE IN VIETNAM
Authors: Huyen Le Thi Minh
Published: November 2022

Social networking sites have a great influence on everyone, especially young people. In Vietnam, 100% of higher education institutions have a fanpage (an information page created on Facebook) to communicate images about the institutions’ activities. In order to promote the image of higher education institutions to the public, students are the main and effective human resources in communicating the university’s image on social networking sites in the most effective and objective way. Therefore, to achieve the desired effect, it is necessary to have appropriate solutions.
 

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VIETNAM'S INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION POLICY FROM 2007 TO 2020
Authors: Viet Tran Quoc
Published: November 2022

In the development of the country, Vietnam has accelerated the process of globalization and is deeply integrated with the region and the world. Currently, the process of the international economic integration of Vietnam is being actively implemented in the new context of the volatile world. The article focuses on describing the content of Vietnam’s international economic integration policy and presenting the achieved results. At the same time, it raises issues for Vietnam to continue renewing its international economic integration policy in the coming time and makes some recommendations to promote the effectiveness of Vietnam’s international economic integration.

 

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HO CHI MINH'S THOUGHT OF LOYALTY TO THE COUNTRY, FILIAL PIETY TO THE PEOPLE OF CADRES AND PARTY MEMBERS
Authors: Son Nguyen Thai , Can Bui Thi , Thanh Luong Thi Hoai
Published: November 2022

President Ho Chi Minh was very interested in training revolutionary ethics for cadres and party members during his lifetime. He set forth extreme moral standards for each cadre, party member, and people to practice. In particular, loyalty to the country and filial piety to the people is the most comprehensive and inclusive moral standard. Each cadre and party member who practices these revolutionary ethical standards will contribute to better self-cultivation, make the Party strong, and successfully carry out all the tasks of the revolution.
 

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EMPLOYMENT AT TAN AN ISLET, CA MAU PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Nhan Pham Hung
Published: November 2022

Tan An, an islet in the Ca Mau province, is located on the historic Hon Khoai island, which serves as the nation's southernmost outpost. The economic condition of the residents there is quite poor, with employment being the most urgent issue. Because this location is crucial for national marine strategies, the paper hopes to contribute to providing the necessary knowledge for those who propose socio-economic development plans for the local economy and national defense.
 

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A new approach to teaching anatomy
Authors: Paixão Patrízia Lisieux Prado , Vieira Alberto Calson Alves , Paixão Alexia Desirée Prado , Santos Clarissa Teixeira dos , Guimarães Adriana de Oliveira , Cabral Richard Halti
Published: November 2022

The study of human anatomy means knowing the structures that make up the human body and how they are related. Since the inclusion of this discipline in the academic curriculum, many traditional universities have promoted its teaching through the exposure of anatomical structures, being considered by some authors and students as monotonous and difficult to learn. Therefore, the objective of this research is to create a tool that helps the learning of traditional anatomy using technology. For this, a game was developed, through the Waterfall methodology, adding learning techniques to it. It was initially chosen to teach the main structures of the skeletal system with a total of 20 games and 14 games on the muscular system. The game was divided into axial and peripheral structures, enabling individualized learning of each region of the body. The game is based on the identification of structures, and the student is encouraged to mark the region that corresponds to the requested structure. After finishing the game, the player will see the hit rate and the time spent during the exercise. In addition, this tool will demonstrate to students and teachers a new way of approaching human anatomy, not escaping from traditional methods, but serving as a complement to it, helping in learning and content retention. The segment of this research will be to assess the level of learning before and after the use of this teaching methodology.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA USIA 7-24 BULAN DI POSKESDES LEMPER WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADEWAWU
Authors: Rusady Yulia Paramita , Imroatu zulaikha Layla
Published: November 2022

Infancy and toddler years are the best period to receive nutritional intake. The better the nutritional intake, the better the physical development and immunity. At the age of the two yeard old baby, the infection rate is high because the antibodies formed have not been maximized. Infections that often attack toddlers at that age include diarrhea, fever and upper respiratory tract infection. Data obtained from Lemper Village shows that the diseases that attack children under five in January 2021 are 50% upper respiratory tract infection, 33% diarrhea and 16% fever. These data indicate that upper respiratory tract infectionis a disease with the highest percentage that attacks toddlers. From the results of the preliminary study, it was found that 10 mothers with upper respiratory tract infection under five, 5 children were not given exclusive breastfeeding, 3 people had low body weight, and 2 people lived in a smoking family environment. Based on the research objectives, the research design used was an analytical survey with a cross sectional research design. Based on the results of the study showed that almost entirely (80.0%) of mothers who gave exclusive breastfeeding did not experience upper respiratory tract infection as many as 16 mothers, while infants who were not exclusively breastfed (81.9%) had ARI as many as 36 toddlers. The results of the statistical test show that the calculated X2 value = 22.42 is greater than the table X2 value = 3.841. It can be concluded that Ho is rejected while H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in children aged 7–24 years in Lemper Village. The importance of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for infants can reduce the number of infections in infants, thus enabling mothers to improve their lifestyle. Because exclusive breastfeeding contains a lot of antibodies, so that babies who are breastfed have antibodies that increase so that it will reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in toddlers aged 7-24 months at the Lemper Village Health Care. Mothers of toddlers are advised to be more active in participating in any counseling on breastfeeding techniques to prevent the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infection in infants.

Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, upper respiratory tract infection, baby