bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary origins of temporal discounting: an adaptive peak model shows how time and uncertainty impose constraints on selection for optimal decision-making in a temporal framework.
Authors: Villmoare Brian , Klein David , Lienard Pierre , McHale Timothy
Published: January 2023

The propensity of humans and non-human animals to discount future returns for short-term benefits is well established. This contrasts with the ability of organisms to unfold complex developmental sequences over months or years. Research has focused on various descriptive and predictive parameters of ‘temporal discounting’ in behavior, and researchers have proposed models to explain temporal preference in terms of rational outcomes, but the underlying cause of this phenomenon has not been deeply explored. We propose that preference for short-term reward (‘impulsivity’) may not be rational when examined from the perspective of an omniscient observer, but may be the product of the way natural selection acts on events in a temporal framework in the context of future uncertainty. Using a simple Newtonian model for time across a fitness landscape in which movement by organisms is only possible in one direction, we examine several factors that influence the ability of an organism to choose a distant reward over a more temporally proximate reward: including the temporal distance of the far reward, the relative value of the distant reward, and the effect of uncertainty about the value and presence of the distant reward. Our results indicate that an organism may choose a more distant reward, but only if it is not too far into the future, and only if it has a substantially higher-value fitness payoff relative to the short-term reward. Most notably, any uncertainty about the distant reward made it extremely unlikely for an organism to choose the delayed reward strategy compared to choosing a closer reward, even if the distant reward had a much higher payoff because events that are uncertain are only partially visible to natural selection pressures. We argue that these results explain why so many animals have difficulty making 'better' long-term rational strategies for a distant reward over the lower-value short-term reward. Uncertainty is likely to be an especially important ecological factor in promoting and biasing short-term behavioral strategies. These results help illustrate why human and non-human animals have difficulty making the more rational choice when faced with short-term and long-term rewards.
UAV Control in Autonomous Object-Goal Navigation: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ayala Angel , Portela Leticia , Buarque Fernando , Fernandes Bruno , Cruz Francisco
Published: January 2023

Autonomous control for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has rapidly raised research interest in the last decade. Widely used in civilian, military, and private areas, UAVs have been implemented in surveillance, search and rescue, and delivery tasks, solving problems where a significant space must be covered and traveled. However, using UAVs for navigation problems with full autonomy in control, planning, localization, and mapping tasks remains an open challenge. This paper presents a systematic literature review on object-goal navigation using autonomous UAVs. Object-goal navigation inherits the same navigation challenges, such as control and navigation, in addition to estimating the target's location. The object-search problem requires to understand what object must be found and where it can be located.In this regard, survey taxonomies were found for the tasks and methods behind navigation and target localization problems using UAVs. This review reveals essential issues related to autonomous navigation task dependencies and gaps in UAV development and framework standardization. Open challenges for autonomous UAV control under object-goal navigation must address the research on finding methods for problems, such as autonomy level and comparison metrics, considering safety, ethics, and legal implications.
Targeting a check point receptor of human primary natural killer cells via CRISPR/Cas9 potentiates anti-tumor activity in allogeneic glioblastoma
Authors: Morimoto Takayuki , Nakazawa Tsutomu , Matsuda Ryosuke , Maeoka Ryosuke , Nishimura Fumihiko , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Yamada Shuichi , Nakagawa Ichiro , Park Young-Soo , Tsujimura Takahiro , Nakase Hiroyuki
Published: January 2023

Background. Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have poor outcomes and novel strategies are needed. Although immunotherapies have been investigated, altering the severe immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, or so-called “cold tumors”, is difficult. We developed an immunotherapy based on genome-edited natural killer cells (NKCs) with knocking (KO) of checkpoint receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), which would overcome the GBM immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Methods. The GBM TIGIT and TIGIT ligand expression patterns were analyzed with GlioVis and The Human Protein Atlas portal. We generated TIGIT KO human primary NKCs using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) with single guide RNA targeting different genome sites on TIGIT coding exons. The genome-edited NKCs underwent comprehensive microarray gene expression analysis. The anti-GBM activity of the genome-edited NKCs was detected with a 2D adherent model and 3D spheroids derived from allogeneic GBM cells.
Results. We successfully obtained TIGIT KO NKCs and effective TIGIT expression KO with unchanged immune checkpoint receptor expression. T7 endonuclease I mutation detection assays demonstrated that the ribonucleoproteins disrupted the intended genome sites. Gene expression analysis demonstrated extremely minimal gene expression pattern changes, such as that for the immune responses, in the TIGIT KO NKCs. Targeting TIGIT KO using CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced NKC anti-tumor activity against the 2D adherent cells and 3D GBM spheroids.
Conclusions. Here, we established TIGIT KO human primary NKCs, which demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity against GBM cell lines and spheroids. Immunotherapy based on CRISPR/Cas9-edited TIGIT KO NKCs could be a promising GBM therapy.
Bag of States: A Non-sequential Approach to Video-based Engagement Measurement
Authors: Abedi Ali , Thomas Chinchu , Jayagopi Dinesh Babu , Khan Shehroz S.
Published: January 2023

Automatic measurement of student engagement provides helpful information for instructors to meet learning program objectives and individualize program delivery. Students' behavioral and emotional states need to be analyzed at fine-grained time scales in order to measure their level of engagement. Many existing approaches have developed sequential and spatiotemporal models, such as recurrent neural networks, temporal convolutional networks, and three-dimensional convolutional neural networks, for measuring student engagement from videos. These models are trained to incorporate the order of behavioral and emotional states of students into video analysis and output their level of engagement. In this paper, backed by educational psychology, we question the necessity of modeling the order of behavioral and emotional states of students in measuring their engagement. We develop bag-of-words-based models in which only the occurrence of behavioral and emotional states of students is modeled and analyzed and not the order in which they occur. Behavioral and affective features are extracted from videos and analyzed by the proposed models to determine the level of engagement in an ordinal-output classification setting. Compared to the existing sequential and spatiotemporal approaches for engagement measurement, the proposed non-sequential approach improves the state-of-the-art results. According to experimental results, our method significantly improved engagement level classification accuracy on the IIITB Online SE dataset by 26% compared to sequential models and achieved engagement level classification accuracy as high as 66.58% on the DAiSEE student engagement dataset.
Optimization and Production of Exopolysaccharides (EPS) and Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under chromium by halophilic bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4
Authors: LOGANATHAN PRABURAMAN , Sun Wei , He Zhiguo
Published: January 2023

The current study assessed the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the impacts of halophilic bacteria Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 exopolysaccharides (EPS) under Cr (VI) metal stress. The effects of W4 growth diminish with increasing concentrations of chromium. When the isolate Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was tested for its ability to remove Cr(VI) at several concentrations, the removal rate reached after 48 h at 58.4%, 53.3%, 49.2% and 43.1%. ) After 12–48 h, the maximum removal rate of 29–58% was found at an primary concentration of Cr(VI) of 50mg/L. The Box–Behnken design based on response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the EPS, including pH, sucrose concentration, and incubation period. The highest EPS yield (314.5mg/L) was obtained under 96 hours at pH 7.0, and 5% of sucrose concentration. The strain Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was tested for its ability to create EPS at various concentrations of Cr(VI). After 96 hours, it generated the maximum amount of EPS (216.3 mg/L) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. By using FT-IR spectrum measurements, it was confirmed that hexavalent chromium and EPS had surface chemical interactions. At various Cr(VI) concentrations, the isolate Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was tested for its ability to secrete IAA. IAA secretion of (control) without Cr(VI) achieved maximum of 1.45mg/ml at 120h. At 200mg/L Cr(VI) concentration, 1.65 mg/ml of IAA was also produced after 48h. According to the findings, Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi W4 was a promising isolate in the stressful environment.
Assessing Knowledge and Awareness of Appendicitis among Medical College Students
Authors: Abourashid Leen , Dawalibi Ghena , Kubtan Assem
Published: January 2023

Background: Appendicitis is the most common emergency surgical condition in the world, and despite medical and therapeutic development. It is still associated with a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of the diagnosis of acute appendicitis for medical students at the Damascus University and the Syrian Private University two Syrian universities.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 using appropriate sampling pattern among students of the Faculty of Medicine at the Syrian Private University and the University of Damascus. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University and Damascus University.
Results: Out of the 282 participants, 55% were male and 45% were female. 47.9% were students of the Syrian Private University and 52.1% were students of Damascus University. The average awareness score for the students was 20.6 with this data deviating 3.8, the smallest value for the awareness score was 5 and the largest value was 29. Statistically significant Correlations emerged in terms of the participant being a student at the Syrian Private University (SPU), as well as being studying in the sixth year, the participant being successful in general surgery, with a high university average, non-smokers had a higher average awareness.
Conclusion: The results of our study conclude to an acceptable degree of awareness among medical students in both the Syrian Private University and the Damascus University regarding appendicitis. The degree of awareness was higher among the students of the Syrian Private University.
Complex mathematical statements useful as criterion for Landau-Siegel Zeros
Authors: louiz akram
Published: January 2023

This is a mathematical article that deals with the domain of complex numbers in order to contribute
in the worldwide collaboration of mathematicians who want to study and explain the Riemann's
Zeta Function.
The aim of this work is to propose new mathematical statements of complex numbers and to give a
new easy criterion that may help to identify or deny the possible Landau-Siegel Zeros. Furthermore,
this work invites the mathematicians to study a new possible useful homomorphism.
Hence, this is a good article to be read by specialists of Analysis or Algebra and even by the
beginners of mathematics who want to improve their skills.
Genome-wide characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in gastric cancer and its potential role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression
Authors: Jiang Xianming , Pan Xiaoguang , Li Wenchao , Han Peng , Yu Jiaying , Li Jing , Zhang Haoran , Lv Wei , Zhang Ying , He Yulong , Xiang Xi
Published: January 2023

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) carrying random genomic segments are broadly found across different cancer types, but their molecular functions and impact in gastric cancer (GC) are rarely known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of eccDNA in GC. By using the Circle-seq strategy, we observed the eccDNA abundance in gastric cancer tissues (GCT) was aberrantly higher than that of normal adjacent tissues (NAT). GCT contained more copies of eccDNA carrying oncogene-segment than the NAT in individual patients. Analysis of GC-specific eccDNA carrying enhancer (eccEnhancer) based on data from FANTOM5 project combined with TCGA database suggested the existence of eccEnhancers was related to poor prognosis of GC. GC-specific eccDNAs carrying pre-miRNA (eccMIR) were enriched to multiple cancer-relevant signal pathways by KEGG analysis. We then synthesized the top six GC-specific eccMIRs and found four of them enabled high expression of miRNAs and downregulation of miRNA-target genes in MGC803 cells. Furthermore, we observed the inheritance of GC-specific eccMIRs benefited host cell proliferation and promoted the aggressive features of host cells. Altogether, this study revealed the GC-specific eccDNAs carrying functional genomic segments were related to the carcinogenesis of GC and presented the capability to facilitate cancer progression, suggesting the cancerous eccDNAs may serve as a dynamic reservoir for genome plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution of cancer. Therefore, blocking the pathways for eccDNAs generation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
The influence of hedonic values and extraversion on online impulse buying: Empirical evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Helmi Arief , Marty Oesman Yevis , Kaltum Umi , Ahmad Faisal Yudi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze Indonesian consumer hedonic values, extraversion, and online impulse buying, as well as to examine the influence of consumer hedonic values and extraversion personality on impulsive online buying. This study uses a quantitative research method that employs descriptive and associative tools. The primary data were gathered through social media surveys of Indonesian consumers who buy goods through e-commerce. Of the 440 respondents who received questionnaires, only 400 completed them accurately. According to the survey, at least 75% of respondents shop online regularly. The study’s findings describe three types of Indonesian online consumers: those with hedonic values, those with reasonably high extrovert personalities, and those prone to online impulse buying. Path analysis results indicate that both hedonic value and extraversion have a significant influence on online impulse buying. Hedonic consumers enjoy online shopping, and as a result, they discover items they had not previously considered purchasing without careful consideration. On the other hand, extroverted consumers who are outgoing, passionate, and pleasant in social situations are more likely to be interested in impulsive online buying. These results provide online business owners with necessary guidance by demonstrating the importance of developing a website that is not only informative but also visually appealing and engaging to trigger impulse buying.
Acknowledgment This study was supported by a research grant from Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
Forensic veterinary use of the fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the aspect of determining the time of death using tissues treated with calcium diclofenac
Authors: CZEPIEL-MIL KATARZYNA , LISTOS PIOTR , STRYJECKI ROBERT , KOWALCZYK-PECKA DANUTA , NIEOCZYM MAREK
Published: January 2023

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used both in medicine and veterinary medicine. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of diclofenac calcium, the active ingredient of a medicine called diclofenac, on the development rate and survivorship of the fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Diclofenac was used at three concentrations: it was mixed with pork meat in proportions 25 mg of the drug 23 g of meat (dose 1), 50 mg/23 g (dose 2) and 75 mg/23 g (dose 3). To compare the results, a control sample was used (23 g of drug-free meat). All diclofenac calcium doses delayed the development of L. sericata. Moreover, all the drug doses (25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg) resulted in body weight loss of L. sericata larvae. Finally, all the drug doses increased the mortality of L. sericata. The findings indicate that forensic entomology and forensic veterinary analyses involving L. sericata need to take into account a potential factor modifying the fly natural life cycle – the presence of diclofenac calcium in the body. A reduction of the body mass and a longer, than normal developmental cycle of L. sericata may be of significant in correctly determining the time of death of humans or animals in cases of diclofenac application.
Cannabinoid oilwith gabapentin for the treatment of chronicneuropathic pain– case report
Authors: WYSMOŁEK MAGDALENA E. , PANKOWSKI FILIP , LATEK URSZULA
Published: January 2023

A 3-year-old Leonberger was presented with unilateral atrophy of the left temporal muscle, concomitant left corneal hypoesthesia and jaw pain. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, a trigeminal peripheral nerve sheath tumor was presumptively diagnosed, and treatment based on volumetric modulated arc therapy combined with temozolomide was introduced. Although the tumor volume was stable, after 6 months the patient developed severe jaw pain manifested by rubbing of the face, aversion to eating, and yawning. No desirable response to combinations of meloxicam, gabapentin, tramadol/buprenorphine at their maximal tolerated doses was achieved. Only a treatment based on a commercially available nonpsychoactive cannabinoid oil – Perognidol® (Ilovet) combined with gabapentin successfully relieved the symptoms of pain within a week. Three months later, a follow-up MRI revealed a significant growth of the tumor associated with cerebral infiltration. Eventually, the general condition of the patient deteriorated. The dog was euthanized 800 days after the original diagnosis.
Macrophage regulation of Wnt pathway in canine and murine mammary cancer cells
Authors: TACIAK BARTŁOMIEJ , BIAŁASEK MACIEJ , PAWŁOWSKI KAROL , HELLMÉN EVA , GÓRKA EMILIA , KRÓL MAGDALENA
Published: January 2023

Interactions between various cell types in a tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for cancer progression and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in this intratumoral dialogue regulating Wnt signaling pathway in cancer cells. Co-culture of canine and murine tumor cells with TAMs lead to inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway and activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in tumor cells resulting in change in tumor cell phenotype and subsequent higher potential to invasion and metastasis. These molecular changes in cancer cells that are induced by TAMs resemble the quercetin activity. This natural product is a plant flavonoid from the group of polyphenols. Its biological function is inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway. As quercetin supplementation is broadly discussed in cancer patients, findings of this study show that this compound should be used with caution, as it may enhance cancer spread.
A study on the Hanbok Promotion Bills
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Hong Wan-Sik
Published: January 2023

The hanbok is an umbrella term which is used to refer to traditional ethnic Korean clothes. According to the Cultural Heritage Protection Act, the cultural heritage means artificially or naturally formed national, racial, or world heritage of outstanding historic, artistic, academic, or scenic value, which is classified into the tangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage. The “hanbok”, Korean clothing is a very significant element of the Korean cultural heritage and tangible and intangible cultural heritage. The ancient hanbok consisted of a jeogori(top), baji(pants), chima(skirt), and the po(coat). These basic structural features of the hanbok remains unchanged to this day. However, modrenized hanbok is patterned after the hanbok worn in the Joseon dynasty. Koreans wear hanbok for formal or semi-formal occasions and events such as weddings, festivals, celebrations, and ceremonies these days. In 1996, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism established “Hanbok Day” to encourage to wear the hanbok. In 2022, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism designated “Hanbok Life” as a national intangible cultural heritage. The Hanbok Promotion Center is one department of the Korea Craft and Design Foundation (KCDF). But for the more positive promotion of the hanbok should the Hanbok Promotion Center be the independent Foundation. And more important thing is that the Hanbok Promotion Act should be enacted.
An improved YOLOv5 algorithm for obscured target recognition
Authors: Lu Zhizhan , Wang Ruili , Jin Yunfeng , Liang Chao
Published: January 2023

Target detection is an important problem in computer vision and has important research value in the fields of pedestrian tracking, license plate recognition, and unmanned vehicles [1].The Viola-Jones algorithm is used to detect frontal face images, which improves the speed of face detection by tens or hundreds of times while obtaining the same or even better accuracy, but for special and HOG captures local shape information better and has good invariance to both geometric and optical changes, SVM solves machine learning in small sample cases, but its feature descriptor acquisition process is complex and has high dimensionality, leading to poor real-time performance, and the support vector machine algorithm is difficult to implement for large-scale training samples, while the deep learning-based YOLOv5 target detection algorithm combines the advantages of Viola-Jones algorithm and HOG+SVM algorithm to make up for the shortcomings of the above two algorithms, which is not only very stable for occlusion and complex case processing, but also can be implemented for large regular training samples, but the accuracy of YOLOv5 for target detection is not ideal, and this paper adds SENet mechanism in YOLOv5, which can make the network better to learn the locations in the images that need attention. Therefore, this paper first introduces the traditional target detection algorithm, then introduces and analyzes the Yolov5 algorithm, and improves and optimizes it, and compares it with the traditional target detection algorithm, and the results show that the improved Yolov5 algorithm has better results for target detection.
Cold chain relevance in the food safety of perishable products
Authors: Arriaga-Lorenzo Pedro , de Jesús Maldonado-Simán Ema , Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo , Martínez-Hernández Pedro Arturo , Tirado-González Deli Nazmín , Saavedra-Jiménez Luis Antonio
Published: January 2023

The food cold chain is an effective tool that allows food markets to maintain food quality and reduce losses. Poor logistics may result in foodborne disease outbreaks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by organic matter decay. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 makes it necessary to study the chances of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in food products.

This study reviews cold chain logistics as a handy tool for avoiding food safety risks, including COVID-19.

The cold chain of perishables and its proper management make it possible to maintain quality and safety at any stage of the food supply chain. The technology covers each link of the food chain to prevent microbial spoilage caused by temperature fluctuations and the contamination with SARS-CoV-2 associated with perishable foods. Given the lack of knowledge in this field in Latin America, the region needs new research to determine the impact of the cold chain on perishable foodstuffs.

The perishable cold chain is only as strong as its weakest link, and the national and international markets require new traceability protocols to minimize the effect of COVID-19.
Machine Learning Based Osteoarthritis Detection Methods in Different
Imaging Modalities: A Review
Authors: Sabah Afroze Afroze Ahamed , Tamilselvi Rajendran , Parisa Beham Mohamed Gani
Published: January 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a bone disease that mainly affects the cartilage. Even though there are
many diseases that are commonly noticed in bones, one of the most dangerous diseases is OA. The
breakdown of the cartilage bone is the cause of OA. According to the survey given by the National
Institute on Aging, it is revealed that most of the people in their old age are at the very advanced stage
of OA. X-ray is the common imaging modality for analysing the severity of Osteoarthritis. When
needed for advanced level of investigation, MRI scans and thermal images are also initialized. There
are numerous methods for the analysis of OA from different modalities in the very early stage. These
methods may be semi-automatic and automatic. But all the developed algorithms gave results based on
the space width, and texture feature only and didn’t provide any quantitative analysis based on any
standard parameters. The main aim of this work is to present major research challenges in different OA
detection methods, discuss different machine learning-based OA detection methods and analyse their
performance. The research gap in the existing methods such as an empirical model for the detection of
OA and the standard parameters for the measurement of bone marrow is discussed in the proposed
paper.
FAMILIA COMPOSITAE: TRIBU HELENIEAE
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Villarreal Q. José Ángel , Villaseñor José Luis ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Medina L. Rosalinda ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: January 2023

Helenieae, sensu stricto, está formada aproximadamente de 60 géneros y 500 especies distribuidas principalmente en América. Para el área de estudio se reconocen 10 géneros con 18 especies.
FAMILIA AQUIFOLIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia con tres géneros que se distribuyen en regiones templadas y tropicales. Phelline se encuentra en Tasmania, Nueva Zelanda y Australia, posee alrededor de unas 20 especies; Nemopanthus tiene un solo taxon específico que se localiza en el noreste de Estados Unidos y sureste de Canadá, mientras que Ilex tiene distribución geográfica más amplia y diversidad taxonómica mucho mayor. Este último es el único representante en México.
FAMILIA CORNACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza G. Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia de amplia distribución, en zonas templadas y tropicales del Hemisferio Norte principalmente, con alrededor de 10 géneros y 80 a 100 especies. En América un solo se encuentra el género Cornus. Éste cuenta con 30 a 40 especies, mayormente distribuidas en las zonas templadas del Hemisferio Norte, extendiéndose a Centro y Sudamérica, y una en África. Para el área de estudio se reconocen dos especies. Es de notable interés mencionar a Cornus florida var. urbiniana (Rose) Wang., que ha sido colectada en los estados de Nuevo León y Veracruz, por lo que cabría esperar su presencia en la parte noreste de nuestra área de estudio. Sin embargo, no se ha registrado en dicha región, a pesar de que ésta ha sido explorada con cierta intensidad. La planta destaca por la vistosidad que le dan las brácteas florales en la época de floración, por lo que es difícil que haya pasado desapercibida.
FAMILIA BURMANNIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Zamudio Sergio
Published: January 2023

Es una familia constituida por aproximadamente 125 especies incluidas en 15 géneros, que se distribuye en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo, incluyendo el sur de China, Japón, sur de Australia, Tasmania, Nueva Zelanda, África y, en América, desde el sur de Estados Unidos hasta Sudamérica. Las plantas de esta familia no tienen importancia económica y no se conocen usos de ellas. En la región de estudio sólo se encuentra representada por el género Gymnosiphon.
FAMILIA VERBENACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Rzedowski Jerzy , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío
Published: January 2023

Grupo de taxonomía sumamente complicada, en donde la circunscripción, tanto de la propia familia, como de muchos de sus géneros y especies es incierta. Siguiendo el criterio moderno, aceptado en el trabajo sintético de Thorne*, se restringe en esta Flora el concepto de la familia Verbenaceae solamente a lo que con anterioridad se consideraba como subfamilia Verbenoideae, a exclusión de los géneros Callicarpa, Clerodendron y Tetraclea, que pasan a formar parte de las Labiatae. Las Verbenaceae de esta manera ajustadas constan de unos 35 géneros y poco más de 1000 especies distribuidas en regiones templadas y cálidas de ambos hemisferios, mayormente en América. Numerosos representantes de la familia se cultivan en calidad de ornamentales, entre ellos Duranta repens L. ("espino blanco"), que se ha colectado en varias localidades de la región de estudio.
FAMILIA PLATANACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza G. Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia monogenérica que se distribuye en el Hemisferio Norte. Son plantas con buena capacidad para vivir en zonas urbanas, por lo que son recomendables en plantaciones de calles, ya que además de proporcionar excelente sombra y gran atractivo ornamental, sus ramas no se rompen fácilmente. Platanus es un género que comprende unas 8 a 10 especies, que se distribuyen del sur de Canadá a Guatemala en América y del sureste de Europa a la India en el Viejo Mundo. En el área de la Flora del Bajío y de Regiones Adyacentes la especie Platanus mexicana, árbol que se encuentra en cañadas, a lo largo de arroyos y ríos, en medio del bosque tropical caducifolio y subcaducifolio y de encinares, en algunos lugares es elemento importante de bosques de galería, principalmente al lado de Taxodium mucronatum.
FAMILIA ORCHIDACEAE: TRIBU MAXILLARIEAE
Authors:   Herbario AMO, Jiménez Machorro Rolando , Sánchez Saldaña Luis Martín ,   Herbario AMO, García-Cruz Javier ,   Herbario AMO
Published: January 2023

La tribu Maxillarieae incluye a la mayoría de las orquídeas de América tropical que presentan estípite y viscidio. Es un grupo diverso que puede ser considerado como natural y está constituido por aproximadamente 164 géneros y unas 2600 especies. Sus integrantes son importantes elementos en las comunidades vegetales primarias. Debido a la belleza y curiosa morfología de sus flores, algunas de sus especies son de interés hortícola, por lo que son objeto de una fuerte presión por parte de los recolectores; tal es el caso de especies de los géneros Oncidium, Rhynchostele y Stanhopea.
FAMILIA OPILIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: January 2023

Familia con ocho géneros y unas 50 a 60 especies, distribuidas principalmente en la región tropical de África y Asia. Los géneros con mayor número de especies son: Opilia que se distribuye ampliamente en el Viejo Mundo, Rhopalopilia que sólo se encuentra en África y Agonandra, el único que está presente en el Continente Americano. Las Opiliaceae son muy cercanas a Santalaceae y Olacaceae, y algunos autores las consideran como parte de esta última, de la cual difieren en la estructura del disco, la forma reducida del cáliz, la ausencia de cámaras en la base del ovario y la ausencia de células lignificadas en las hojas. En apariencia general, es similar a Olacaceae y Celastraceae. El género americano se encuentra también en México.
FAMILIA PHYTOLACCACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Rzedowski Jerzy , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío
Published: January 2023

Familia con unos 17 géneros con cerca de 100 especies, mayormente sudamericanas, pero también presentes en Norteamérica, así como en porciones tropicales y subtropicales de otros continentes. Unas pocas se cultivan como ornamentales. Varias se emplean como medicinales o poseen otros usos locales; algunas se comportan como malezas.
Pengembangan E-Book Mitigasi Bencana Gunung Api Berbasis Prinsip-Prinsip Desain Pesan Pembelajaran untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Nugroho Arifin Septyanto , Daniamiseno Abdul Gafur
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menghasilkan e-book tentang mitigasi bencana letusan gunung api berdasarkan prinsip desain pesan pembelajaran yang layak untuk siswa SMP N 3 Turi. (2) Mengetahui efektifitas produk media pembelajaran e-book tentang mitigasi bencana letusan gunung api berdasarkan prinsip desain pesan pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMP N 3 Turi. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Allesi Trollip. Ujicoba produk terdiri dari uji alpha dan uji beta. Uji alpha dilakukan oleh dua ahli media dan dua ahli materi. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket dan tes. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar angket dan lembar soal. Penelitian ini menghasilkan e-book mitigasi bencana gunung api yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip desain pesan pembelajaran yang dinilai sangat baik oleh uji alpha dan uji beta, sehingga layak digunakan sebagai sumber belajar siswa. Hasil uji alpha ahli materi rerata 4,64, sedangkan oleh ahli media rerata 4,20. Penilaian penggunaan e-book oleh siswa diperoleh skor 4,23. Uji efektifitas menunjukan penggunaan e-book mitigasi bencana gunung api lebih efektif daripada pembelajaran mitigasi bencana gunung api biasa. Rerata N-Gain pada kelas eksperimen adalah  0,71 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,54. Rerata N-Gain antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol menunjukan bahwa nilai kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol dan berbeda secara signifikan.
The method of Professor O. A. Krasavchikov
Authors:   Ural State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev, Gongalo Bronislav M.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The modern stage of the development of the science of civil law is inextricably linked with the approval by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Russian Federation of a new nomenclature of scientific specialties, according to which the scientific specialty 12.00.03 "Civil Law, Business Law, family Law, private interna-tional Law" was replaced by an expanded scientific specialty 5.1.3 "Private Legal Sciences". At the same time, the appeal to the methods of conducting scientific research developed by leading scientists, which, undoubtedly, was the Doctor of Law, Professor O.A. Krasavichkov, allows you to enrich the methodology of the science of civil law and not allow, under the influence of the reform of the nomenclature, to lose the specifics of the methodology of conducted civil studies. The article is an updated version of the author's work "The Method of O.A. Krasavchikov", published in 2006. The purpose of the study is to formulate a scientific idea of the significance of the scientific heritage of Doctor of Law, Professor O. A. Krasavchikov for civil science. Objectives: to study the specifics of Professor O. A. Krasavichikov's work on the creation of a scientific school, to assess the importance of O. A. Krasavichikov's scientific works for the further development of the science of civil law. The research methodology is represented by a complex of general scientific methods of scientific cognition (analysis, interpretation, formal-logical). Results. The main directions of scientific and professional activity of Professor O. A. Krasavchikov are shown; methodological approaches to the study of the scientific heritage of civil scientists are developed. Conclusion. The scientific heritage of Professor O. A. Krasavchikov is of great importance for the development of civil science and law enforcement practice. The research and development of O. A. Krasavchikov's ideas is an in-dependent direction for study in civil law science.
Status of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation in Coordination Activities to Prevent Criminal Manifestations
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Titova Anzhela A. , Gracheva Olga A.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that the status of the prosecutor's office in co-ordinating activities to prevent criminal manifestations is not sufficiently determined. The scientific society actively continues to investigate its problems. A clear implementation of the function of coordinating the activities of law en-forcement agencies to combat crime will make the law enforcement system better and, of course, more focused on protecting citizens from lawlessness. The purpose article consists in determining the status of the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation in coordination activities to prevent criminal manifestations. Objectives. Analyze the directions and forms of coordination work of law enforcement agencies to combat crime; formulate a number of proposals aimed at improving the effectiveness and quality of coordination activities of the prosecutor's office for the prevention and prevention of crimes. Methodology. In the process of working on the study, a set of general scientific methods of cognition (integrative, systemic and formally legal) used in modern jurisprudence were used. Results. Proposals were made on the development of methodological recommendations on coordination activities and the need to introduce special norms on coordination activities into the Law on the Prosecutor's Office - the consolidation of methods, principles, powers of prosecutors to prevent violations of laws. The importance of the coor-dination role of the prosecutor's office in the fight against criminal manifestations is shown. The positive results of the work of the prosecutor's office in the fight against crime for the period 2020-2021 are presented. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the authors believe that the legislator has recently been ex-panding the boundaries when the prosecutor's office carries out coordination activities. The Prosecutor General's Office, as the main coordinator of law enforcement activities in the fight against crime, is obliged to maintain a state unified statistical record of data on the state of crime, as well as to carry out and monitor the implementation of coordination activities - meetings.
Credit Policy in the Southern Urals at the Beginning of the XX Century
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Zhaybalieva Luzia T.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. The experience of state regulation of Russia's credit policy is of great practical importance for the modern economic and political development of the country. Currently, current forms of management are being devel-oped, which include credit cooperation. The purpose – analysis of the government's credit policy in the Southern Urals at the beginning of the XX century. Objectives: to determine the forms and main activities of credit cooperation; to study the regional aspects of credit policy in rural areas, to show the features of its implementation in the Southern Urals. Metodology. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methodo-logical basis of the research is a systematic approach. The chronological method and the method of comparative historical analysis are used. Results. At the beginning of the XX century, credit institutions – savings and loan partnerships, most of which functioned in rural areas, became widespread in the Southern Urals. In addition to the main purpose – lending to the small peasant, they were engaged in the sale of bread and other types of agricultural products. Restraining factors for the development of small-scale credit in rural areas were a low level of commodity-money relations on the one hand; legal and class isolation on the other, since there were restrictions on the disposal of peasant property, both allotment land and movable property. Conclusion. Credit policy was one of the results of the development of commodity relations, contributed to providing the most favorable conditions for the development of agriculture in general, had an important impact on the socio-economic development of the South Ural region in the early twentieth century.
Differentiation of Criminal Liability of Accomplices in a Crime
Authors:   Irkutsk Law Institute (branch) of the University of Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Rogova Evgeniya V. , Zabavko Roman A. ,   , Irkutsk State University
Published: January 2023

Relevance. This article discusses topical issues of differentiation of criminal liability of accomplices in a crime, which has a certain specificity, taking into account the characteristics of individual manifestations of criminal activity. The purpose is to analyze both general and special rules of criminal law regulation of the limits of liability of ac-complices in a crime. The objectives of the study are identifying the problems of criminal law regulation of the limits of liability of ac-complices in the crime and suggest ways to solve them. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific and particular scientific methods of cognition of reality, which made it possible to investigate the issues of differentiating the criminal liability of accomplices in a crime. Results. The legal mechanisms available in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for differentiating the criminal liability of accomplices are analyzed. It has been determined that the accessory nature of complicity underlies the differentiation of the criminal liability of accomplices. It was revealed that the main means of differentiating criminal responsibility are forms of complicity. Conclusion. The existing means of differentiating criminal responsibility do not ensure the implementation of the principle of justice. The form of complicity cannot always be used as a means of differentiating the criminal liability of ac-complices, other means, such as the allocation of special compositions in which the organizer or intermediary is presented as the perpetrators of certain crimes, is private (and not always an effective means of differentiating criminal liability). It is proposed to legally link the amount of punishment. assigned to the performer and other accomplices.
"Museums for Society": About the Work of Collectors in the Cities of the Irkutsk Province in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Tkachev Vitaliy V.
Published: January 2023

Relevance. In the second half of the 19th century, there was a noticeable increase in the interest of citizens in museums, which is confirmed by the preserved historical documents. The plots presented in the article make it possible to understand the principles and directions of work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province. As a result of the study of objects, the creation of art, ethnographic collections of museum funds, the research capabilities of scientists are expanding. The purpose is to trace the process of organizing the work of collectors in the cities of the Irkutsk province to develop the museum space as a center of the scientific community in the second half of the 19th century. Objectives: to identify documents from the collections of the archives of Irkutsk, which give an idea of the main stages in the formation of thematic areas of museum collections; follow the work of collectors as part of scientific teams in the creation and design of expositions and exhibition spaces; consider the areas of work of collectors in the acquisition of museum collections; determine the role of collectors in understanding the significance of museums for the development of Siberian society and the study of the region. Methodology. When writing the article, the following are included: the principle of historicism, objectivity, scientific character, problem-chronological and historical-genetic methods. Results. In the collections of the archives of Irkutsk there are documents that confirm the versatile work of col-lectors to maintain the museum business. In the second half of the 19th century, there was an increased interest of citizens in museums as scientific and educational centers for the study of the cultural and natural wealth of the region. Conclusions. Collectors of the Irkutsk province unite in the process of holding events organized by various museum spaces. The involvement of many citizens in significant exhibition and educational projects confirms that the public participated in the creation of museums. An increased interest in the study of the region was manifested as a result of determining the importance of museums for the development of society. Documents about the museum at the East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society made it possible to restore the work of collectors.
The Ratio of the Purpose and Purpose of Criminal Proceedings in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Tatyanina Larisa G. , Mashinnikova Natalia O.
Published: January 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the inconsistency of the purpose of criminal proceedings formulated in Article 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure with its goals set out in Article 297 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which can only be achieved through an adversarial form of criminal proceedings. This discrepancy creates problems of law enforcement, which in turn reduce the effectiveness of criminal proceedings in general. The purpose is to study the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the possibility of a verdict in the case corresponding to Article 297 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the study are: the study of criminal procedural norms in their interaction for the possibility of achieving the result indicated in Article 297 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in criminal pro-ceedings, as well as the analysis of various positions on this issue. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the method of dialectical scientific cognition; a sys-tematic approach to the problem under consideration, a historical method, a formal logical method, etc. Results. In the course of the research, the defects of the criminal procedure legislation were revealed in terms of its internal contradictions between the purpose, form and goals, which do not always allow a lawful, reasonable and fair sentence to be passed in the case. Conclusion. The current criminal procedure legislation proceeds from different approaches to the concept of justice (as a means and an end). Meanwhile, justice as a means (the equivalence of the rights of the parties participating in criminal proceedings) in the adversarial process does not ensure the achievement of a fair decision in the case, and the purpose of criminal proceedings as its function does not allow achieving the goal of criminal proceedings, which generates problems of law enforcement, which in turn reduce the effectiveness of criminal proceedings as a whole.