bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic therapy in abdominal aortic aneurysm: beneficial or detrimental?
Authors: Cameron Scott J. , Russell Hannah M. , Owens A. Phillip
Published: September 2018

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative vascular pathology resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in older adults due to rupture and sudden death. Despite 150 000 new cases and nearly 15 000 deaths annually, the only approved treatment of AAA is surgical or endovascular intervention when the risk for aortic rupture is increased. The goal of the scientific community is to develop novel pharmaceutical treatment strategies to reduce the need for surgical intervention. Because most clinically relevant AAAs contain a complex structure of fibrin, inflammatory cells, platelets, and red blood cells in the aneurysmal sac known as an intraluminal thrombus (ILT), antithrombotic therapies have emerged as potential pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of AAA progression. However, the efficacy of these treatments has not been shown, and the effects of shrinking the ILT may be as detrimental as they are beneficial. This review discusses the prospect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet (termed collectively as antithrombotic) therapies in AAA. Herein, we discuss the role of the coagulation cascade and platelet activation in human and animal models of AAA, the composition of ILT in AAA, a possible role of the ILT in aneurysm stabilization, and the implications of antithrombotic drugs in AAA treatment.
IMiDs prime myeloma cells for daratumumab-mediated cytotoxicity through loss of Ikaros and Aiolos
Authors: Fedele Pasquale L. , Willis Simon N. , Liao Yang , Low Michael S. , Rautela Jai , Segal David H. , Gong Jia-Nan , Huntington Nicholas D. , Shi Wei , Huang David C. S. , Grigoriadis George , Tellier Julie , Nutt Stephen L.
Published: September 2018

Recent studies have demonstrated that the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) lead to the degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos. However, why their loss subsequently leads to multiple myeloma (MM) cell death remains unclear. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we have deleted IKZF1/Ikaros and IKZF3/Aiolos in human MM cell lines to gain further insight into their downstream gene regulatory networks. Inactivation of either factor alone recapitulates the cell intrinsic action of the IMiDs, resulting in cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, evaluation of the transcriptional changes resulting from their loss demonstrates striking overlap with lenalidomide treatment. This was not dependent on reduction of the IRF4-MYC “axis,” as neither protein was consistently downregulated, despite cell death occurring, and overexpression of either factor failed to rescue for Ikaros loss. Importantly, Ikaros and Aiolos repress the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including CD38, and their loss led to the activation of an interferon-like response, contributing to MM cell death. Ikaros/Aiolos repressed CD38 expression through interaction with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex in MM. IMiD-induced loss of Ikaros or treatment with interferon resulted in an upregulation of CD38 surface expression on MM cells, priming for daratumumab-induced NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These results give further insight into the mechanism of action of the IMiDs and provide mechanistic rationale for combination with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies.
Impaired bone marrow B-cell development in mice with a bronchiolitis obliterans model of cGVHD
Authors: Kolupaev Oleg V. , Dant Trisha A. , Bommiasamy Hemamalini , Bruce Danny W. , Fowler Kenneth A. , Tilley Stephen L. , McKinnon Karen P. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie , Blazar Bruce R. , Coghill James M. , Serody Jonathan S.
Published: September 2018

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recent work has indicated that both T and B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. Previously, our group showed a critical role for the germinal center response in the function of B cells using a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) model of cGVHD. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that cGVHD is associated with severe defects in the generation of BM B lymphoid and uncommitted common lymphoid progenitor cells. We found an increase in the number of donor CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice with cGVHD that was negatively correlated with B-cell development and the frequency of osteoblasts and Prrx-1–expressing perivascular stromal cells, which are present in the B-cell niche. Use of anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies to enhance the number of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the donor T-cell inoculum ameliorated the pathology associated with BO in this model. This correlated with an increased number of endosteal osteoblastic cells and significantly improved the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Our work indicates that donor Tregs play a critical role in preserving the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Approaches to enhance the number and/or function of donor Tregs that do not enhance conventional T-cell activity may be important to decrease the incidence and severity of cGVHD in part through normal B-cell lymphopoiesis.
Acquisition and separation of coherent simultaneous sources: Theory and an application to data acquired in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Tang Zijian , Campman Xander
Published: September 2018

In an effort to reduce acquisition costs or increase (source) sampling density, we have developed a coherent simultaneous-source scheme. Different from most existing simultaneous acquisition, our scheme enforces the received signal to remain coherent in all sorting domains, thus even in the common-receiver domain. A major benefit of the enforced signal coherency is that it enables multidomain preprocessing prior to source separation. At the same time, it poses a challenge to the source separation itself. Based on the observation that the proposed coherent simultaneous-source scheme is equivalent to the traditional source array, we have developed a novel source separation method that comprises (1) interpolating the observed signal in the space domain and (2) removing the source-array effect. In practice, the source-array effect cannot perfectly be removed in the presence of notches. This fact can, however, be deliberately leveraged for noise attenuation.
Matrix-free anisotropic slope tomography: Theory and application
Authors: Tavakoli F. Borhan , Operto Stéphane , Ribodetti Alessandra , Virieux Jean
Published: September 2018

Slope tomography uses traveltimes, source, and receiver slopes of locally coherent events to build subsurface velocity models. Locally coherent events by opposition to continuous reflections are suitable for semiautomatic and dense picking, which is conducive to better resolved tomographic models. These models can be further used as background/initial models for depth migration or full-waveform inversion. Slope tomography conventionally relies on ray tracing for traveltimes and slopes computation, where rays are traced from scatterers in depth to sources and receivers. The inverse problem relies on the explicit building of the sensitivity matrix to update the velocity model by local optimization. Alternatively, slope tomography can be implemented with eikonal solvers, which compute efficiently finely sampled traveltime maps from the sources and receivers, whereas slopes are estimated by finite differences of the traveltime maps. Moreover, a matrix-free inverse problem can be implemented with the adjoint-state method for the estimation of the data-misfit gradient. This new formulation of slope tomography is extended to tilted transverse isotropic (TTI) acoustic media, in which the model space is parameterized by four anisotropic parameters (e.g., vertical wavespeed, Thomson’s parameter [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and tilt angle) and the coordinates of the scatterers. A toy synthetic example allows for a first assessment of the crosstalk between anisotropic parameters and scatterer coordinates. A more realistic synthetic example indicates the feasibility of the joint update of the vertical wavespeed and [Formula: see text]. The slope tomography is finally applied to real broadband towed-streamer data to build the vertical velocity and the scatterers, while anisotropic parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are used as background parameters. The velocity model quality is assessed through common-image gathers computed by TTI Kirchhoff prestack-depth migration.
Case Report: Two cases of rare head injuries from Nepal
Authors: Das Joe M. , Pokharel Apar , Sapkota Rashmi , Mishra Manish , Babu Aryal Ashish
Published: September 2018

Background: There are a number of ways in which one can sustain a head injury. Even if you are doing simple household activities or going out for a morning walk, you cannot be sure of what type of injury awaits you. The source of injury may be a pressure cooker whistle acting as a projectile or a hailstone falling from the sky. Such injuries are common in Nepal, considering the socio-demographic and geographic conditions. In this article, we present two such very rare cases of head injury.

Case Reports: The first case is a middle-aged woman who sustained an accidental injury to the face associated with fracture of frontal sinus and frontal contusion, following the impact from a high momentum projectile in the form of the pressure regulator of a pressure cooker. She underwent craniotomy and removal of the foreign body. In the second case, an elderly man sustained minor injury to the head following the fall of hail. The abrasions and contusions produced by the hail were managed conservatively. Since he did not have any clinical evidence of head injury, other than multiple abrasions with contusions in the scalp, he did not undergo any imaging studies. He did not have any neurological deficits. The postoperative period was uneventful for the first patient and she was followed up for one month. The second patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion: Successful management of two very rare cases of head injuries from Nepal are reported. Proper care and maintenance of the house-hold utensils that are constantly used may protect people from head injuries.  Though natural calamities cannot always be avoided, simple measures like using an umbrella while going outdoors may protect individuals from head injuries due to hailstones.
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease
Authors: Pearson Sandra
Published: September 2018

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection which can affect all age groups, including school-aged children. If recognised and treated early, it responds well to a short course of antibiotics. If it remains undiagnosed, serious complications may follow, including chronic illness and debilitating neurological problems. These may have a devastating effect on a child's ability to cope with the academic and social demands of the school environment. There is a key role for the school nurse to raise awareness, provide education and make effective interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence and impact of this emerging infectious disease. As the incidence of Lyme disease steadily increases, it is important to be aware of the risk of tick bites and Lyme disease, and to provide effective education and advice consistent with current guidelines and evidence-based practice.
Lead poisoning in populations with low-socio-economic status in the United States
Authors: Perron Tracy , Hartt Kelly , McCann Danielle , McGowan Rachel , Segers Natalie
Published: September 2018

Lead, a heavy metal found in the Earth's crust, is a well-known toxicant to both children and adults (Benfer, 2017). Over the years, many safeguards have been put in place by the United States Government to reduce its citizens' lead exposure, such as outlawing lead in paints and petrol ( Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2017 ). Despite these safeguards, dangerous levels of lead in the blood are still found in American citizens, and those of low socio-economic status are over-represented ( Dewalt et al, 2015 ). Furthermore, the effects of lead poisoning result in behaviours and characteristics that negatively affect people's ability to succeed in education or in the job market, reducing social mobility. This creates a positive feedback loop that leads to a lack of upward mobility for low socio-economic populations ( Reyes, 2015 ). Interventions to prevent lead exposure in low socio-economic status populations can be completed on the micro and macro levels, mainly using educational techniques and focusing on primary prevention ( Burns and Gerstenberger, 2014 , Heavey, 2016 ). This article explores the link between low socio-economic status and lead exposure in the United States, as well as ways in which public health professionals can help address the issue.
Latest developments
Authors:   CVPA – the industry association established to represent the views of Childcare Voucher provider companies
Published: September 2018

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Support autistic children
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: September 2018

It is a term that we hear regularly, but do we know what it really means, what range of behaviours it covers, and what we should look out for in children? Part two of our series.
Primed for mathematics
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: September 2018

Continuing our exploration of the prime and specific areas of learning, this month we focus on the specific area of maths and discuss how we can support the children in our settings.
Supporting new arrivals in your primary school
Authors: Parsons Emma
Published: September 2018

Many primary schools will have new arrivals this September who have English as an additional language. Continuing our series on EAL, Emma Parsons recommends effective induction procedures, an EAL assessment tool, and differentiation strategies and resources for use in the classroom
Taking the long view of leadership
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: September 2018

Awakening the talents of the senior leadership team will unlock the long-term success of primary schools. Former primary executive headteacher Vin Osbaldeston speaks to Liam Donnison
Childhood disorders: Sickle cell disease
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Sickle cell disease is the name for a group of inherited conditions that affect the red blood cells. The most serious condition is sickle cell anaemia. Approximately 12 500–15 000 people in the UK have sickle cell disease and it affects 1 in every 2000 live births in England. Sickle cell disease is an inherited condition and the sickle cell trait needs to be passed on by both parents in order for the baby to acquire it. This article will summarise some of the symptoms of sickle cell disease and the treaments available for the condition.
Using eye scans to diagnose preclinical Alzheimer's
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: September 2018

Signs of Alzheimer's disease can be detected years before symptoms occur. Presently, tests to identify preclinical Alzheimer's are invasive and expensive. Sarah Palmer discusses a study that might offer an alternative way of testing.
Improving performance and identifying strengths in employees
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: September 2018

Many companies will have an employee appraisal system in place, evaluating everyone's performance, addressing concerns and exploring ways to improve. Adam Bernstein makes a case for introducing such a system in care homes as well.
Keeping pets in care homes: the implications of a ‘paws clause’
Authors: Hannah Laura
Published: September 2018

Pets can be an important part of older people's lives and are a source of comfort when moving into care. However, many care homes do not have a pets policy in place. Laura Hannah talks about what to keep in mind when devising a policy.
Personal experiences of customer service
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: September 2018

In this last article in the customer service series, Adrian Ashurst shares some of his own views on giving a good first impression and building pleasant working relationships throughout a care home.
Vulnerabilities in adolescents and young people
Authors: Davis Marian
Published: September 2018

Adolescence is the bridge between childhood and adulthood, and dependence on others and independent living. Timely interventions at this stage can have long-term benefits in all aspects of a patient's life, says Marian Davis
Practical advice on motor expenses
Authors: Gascoyne-Richards Rebecca
Published: September 2018

Specialist medical accountant Rebecca Gascoyne-Richards offers a round-up of tax relief on mileage and car expenses
GP Assurance Framework: Help or hindrance?
Authors: McCutcheon Jonathan
Published: September 2018

Providing a central resource containing data in a manageable way, the GP Assurance Framework is far from perfect; but it gives practice managers and clinicians access to key data they can interpret and act on, says Jonathan McCutcheon
When should you break a patient's confidentiality?
Authors: Pendlebury Gabrielle
Published: September 2018

Practice managers are often the first to become aware of issues through discussion with the various clinicians. Gabrielle Pendlebury, Medicolegal Adviser at Medical Protection, discusses when it is appropriate to break a patient's confidentiality in the public interest
Plain and simple
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: September 2018

New guidance advises doctors to write outpatient letters directly to patients, and highlights the importance of clear English when communicating with service users
Curriculum design and delivery: Part 2
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: September 2018

Continuing his seven-part series, Matt Bromley looks at key questions to ask when creating your curriculum vision and explores Ofsted's view of what makes an effective school curriculum (and some common weaknesses)
Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis?
Authors: Eijkenboom J. F. A. , Waarsing J. H. , Oei E. H. G. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , van Middelkoop M.
Published: September 2018

Objectives

It has been hypothesized that patellofemoral pain, a common knee condition in adolescents and young adults, may be a precursor of degenerative joint changes and may ultimately lead to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Since both conditions share several mechanical disease characteristics, such as altered contact area between the femur and patella and increased joint stress, we investigated whether these conditions share similar and different shape characteristics of the patella compared with normal controls.

Methods

This cross-sectional study compared three different study populations: 32 patellofemoral pain subjects (mean age, 32 years (22 to 45); 72% female); 56 isolated radiological patellofemoral osteoarthritis subjects (mean age, 54 years (44 to 58); 89% female); and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age, 52 years (44 to 58); 74% female). Measurements included questionnaires, and lateral and skyline radiographs of the knee. Two separate 30-point 2D statistical shape models of the patella were created from the lateral and skyline radiographs. A general linear model was used to test for differences in standardized shape modes (a specific shape variant of the patella) between patellofemoral osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain, and controls, using Bonferroni correction and adjustment for body mass index and gender.

Results

Five shape modes showed statistically significant differences between groups: skyline modes 1 (p < 0.001), 8 (p = 0.004), and 10 (p < 0.001); and lateral modes 5 (p = 0.002) and 7 (p = 0.002). Skyline mode 8 and lateral mode 5 were similar for patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain populations, while being statistically significant different from the control group.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral osteoarthritis share similar shape characteristics, which are different from control subjects. These findings support the proposed continuum disease model of patellofemoral pain predisposing to the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Cite this article: J. F. A. Eijkenboom, J. H. Waarsing, E. H. G. Oei, S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, M. van Middelkoop. Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis? Patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain patients share aberrant patellar shape compared with healthy controls. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:541–547. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.79.BJR-2018-0112.R1.
A semi-empirical estimation of ground and excited state dipole moments of zinc phthalocyanine from solvatochromic shift data
Authors: Ogunsipe Abimbola
Published: September 2018

A semi-empirical determination of ground and excited state dipole moments of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) from solvatochromic shifts is hereby presented. The ratio of the excited- and ground-state dipole moments of ZnPc ( ) was estimated by a combination of the Bakshiev and the Kawski-Chamma-Vialletâ€™s equations, while the difference in the excited- and ground-state dipole moments (Dm) was estimated usingthe molecular-microscopic solvent polarity parameters ( ), alongside the Stokesâ€™ shifts (Dá¿¡) in the various solvents. The dipole moment of ZnPc is significantly higher in the excited singlet state (me = 3.12 D) than in the ground state (mg = 1.50 D). Obviously charge separation is greater in the excited state of ZnPc than in its ground state.Â Â
Alexis Cukier, Éva Debray (dir.) – La théorie sociale de G. H. Mead. Études critiques et traduction inédites
Authors: Lafontaine Simon
Published: September 2018

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Alexis Martig – La reconnaissance so-ciale et le Mouvement des Sans Terre au Brésil. En quête de dignité
Authors: Martínez Andrade Luis
Published: September 2018

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Philippe Descola, Tim Ingold, Michel Lussault – Être au monde. Quelle expérience commune ?
Authors: Plourde Marie-Claude
Published: September 2018

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Christine Guy Ecabert et Elisabeth Volckrick (ed.) – Enlèvement parental d’enfants. Saisir le juge ou s’engager dans la médiation ?
Authors: Debarge Yasmine
Published: September 2018

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Yannick Duvauchelle – Les représentations de la réalité. Étude sociologique
Authors: Frances Jean
Published: September 2018

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Lesley J. Wood – Mater la meute. La militarisation de la gestion policière des manifestations
Authors: Guiery Hélène
Published: September 2018

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Jasper van der Steen – Memory Wars in the Low Countries, 1566-1700
Authors: Régibeau Julien
Published: September 2018

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Bruno Frère (dir.) – Le tournant de la théorie critique
Authors: Ahmed Salima Naït
Published: September 2018

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FUNGSI RUMAH SEBAGAI TEMPAT USAHA BIDANG PARIWISATA DI DESA COLO, KUDUS
Authors: Puspasari Deny Aditya , Damayanti Maya
Published: September 2018

Perkembangan aktivitas wisata di Desa Wisata Colo telah meningkat pada beberapa dekade terakhir, di mana dengan adanya aktivitas tersebut telah menyerap sumber daya manusia di sekitarnya. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah banyak dari masyarakat yang tinggal di Desa Colo menggunakan rumah sebagai media untuk melakukan bisnis di bidang pariwisata. Manfaat yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat dengan bisnis wisata adalah adanya peningkatan pendapatan yang diterima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis usaha yang menggunakan rumah sebagai tempat usaha bidang pariwisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa fungsi rumah tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai tempat tinggal saja melainkan sebagai tempat usaha dalam penyediaan jasa pariwisata.
PELIBATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENATAAN PERMUKIMAN KAMPUNG NELAYAN
Authors: Kristina Diana , Tyas Wido Prananing
Published: September 2018

Kawasan Tambaklorok merupakan permukiman nelayan di Kota Semarang, yang rentan terhadap rob dan penurunan tanah. Laju penurunan tanah saat ini mencapai > 8 cm/tahun dan akan semakin parah. Sebagai satu-satunya permukiman nelayan dan masuk dalam deliniasi kawasan kumuh, pemerintah merencanakan program pembangunan berkonsep kampung nelayan. Program ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi permasalahan lingkungan serta meningkatkan perekonomian. Sebagai program yang direncanakan di kawasan yang sudah terbangun, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelibatan masyarakat dalam proses perencanaan serta preferensi masyarakat terhadap program kampung nelayan. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory sequential mixed methods. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden tidak terlibat dalam proses perencanaan. Masyarakat tidak memiliki wadah untuk menyampaikan aspirasinya. Sebagian masyarakat nelayan memiliki preferensi yang berbeda dengan desain yang ditawarkan. Warga lebih memilih penataan kawasan dengan desain yang sederhana. Rekomendasi terkait dengan penelitian ini adalah perlunya bentuk-bentuk pelibatan masyarakat yang lebih banyak melibatkan masyarakat, di antaranya sosialisasi yang lebih intensif. Sudah ada sosialisasi namun perlu lebih ditingkatkan.
PENILAIAN SAFETY DRIVING PADA BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) KORIDOR 6 DI KOTA SEMARANG UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN TRANSPORTASI YANG BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Tanayo Birta Nino , Basuki Yudi
Published: September 2018

Transportasi berkelanjutan diperlukan agar kebutuhan mobilitas penduduk dapat terpenuhi dengan meminimalkan dampak negative pada aspek social, ekonomi, dan politik. Perwujudan konsep transportasi berkelanjutan bisa diterapkan pada transportasi publik salah satunya yakni BRT. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya tentang BRT lebih banyak membahas tentang tingkat pelayanan, kinerja, dan preferensi masyarakat secara umum tentang pengoperasian BRT. Transportasi berkelanjutan bisa dilhat pada aspek social yang fokus pada terciptanya keamanan dan kenyamanan bagi penumpang dan pengguna jalan lain. Safety Driving merupakan konsep yang tepat untuk diterapkan pada BRT yang memiliki tujuan mengurangi resiko kecelakaan dan meningkatkan kenyamanan penumpang melalui penerapan beberapa indikator atau cara mengemudi yang aman. BRT merupakan salah satu sarana untuk mewujudkan transportasi yang berkelanjutan sehingga penelitian Safety Driving pada BRT perlu dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada BRT Koridor 6 Kota Semarang yang didasarkan pada beberapa kasus kecelakaan yang pernah terjadi pada koridor 6. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat Safety Driving koridor 6 termasuk ke kategori sedang. 61% pengemudi tergolong ke tingkat Safety Driving sedang dan 31% pengemudi tergolong ke tingkat Safety Driving tinggi. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa konsep Safety Driving sudah dijalankan seluruh pengemudi, namun pada 11 pengemudi dengan tingkat Safety Driving sedang masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi dalam menerapkan Safety Driving selama mengemudi. Pelanggaran terjadi pada 7 indikator Safety Driving disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor eksternal yakni kondisi lalu lintas yang menyebabkan pengemudi melakukan pelanggaran. Saat tidak ditemukan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi perilaku mengemudi, diambil kesimpulan bahwa penyebabnya adalah faktor internal atau keputusan yang diambil berdasar sikap dan kondisi setiap pengemudi.
(NIE)PAMIĘĆ WIELOKULTUROWOŚCI W LITERATURZE O PRZESIEDLENIACH NA ZIEMIE ZACHODNIE
Authors: Gieba Kamila
Published: September 2018

Artykuł dotyczy polskiej literatury o przesiedleniach na tzw. Ziemie Odzyskane. W wyniku zmiany granic państwowych Polski w 1945 roku doszło do masowych migracji, często o charakterze przymusowym. Migranci mieli stworzyć homogeniczne społeczeństwo, toteż w literaturze dotyczącej osadnictwa raczej unikano negatywnych reprezentacji tygla kulturowego. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane obszary, które zostały zepchnięte na margines pamięci zbiorowej: kresową odrębność części osadników, konflikty między przesiedleńcami oraz autonomię grup etnicznych.
OCZYWISTOŚĆ WYKLUCZENIA? OBRAZY ROMÓW W CZESKIEJ LITERATURZE NAJNOWSZEJ
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: September 2018

Martin Šmaus, Zdeněk Šmíd i Zdeněk Zapletal należą do grona tych czeskch pisarzy, którzy w swych dziełach literackich komentują i diagnozują sytuację mniejszości społecznych, narodowych i etnicznych w czeskiej współczesnej rzeczywistości. Dyskryminacja Romów staje się w powieściach tych autorów przedmiotem reprezentacji oraz, z innej strony patrząc, stanowi punkt wyjścia do dyskusji na temat mechanizmów zbiorowego wykluczenia. Wszyscy wymienieni prozaicy próbują wyrażać cudzy punkt widzenia, co oznacza, że w swych tekstach wykorzystują narracyjne sygnały empatycznego zaangażowania.
OBRAZOWANIE INDII W XIX-WIECZNEJ LITERATURZE SŁOWACKIEJ
Authors: Gáfrik Róbert
Published: September 2018

Europejski renesans orientalny rozpoczął się od odkrycia sanskrytu, które zrodziło wybitną dyscyplinę akademicką XIX wieku: filologię porównawczą. Czeski filolog Josef Dobrovský (1753–1829) i polski badacz sanskrytu Walenty Skorochód Majewski (1764–1835) bardzo szybko odkryli podobieństwa między językami indyjskimi i słowiańskimi, wskutek czego wielu słowiańskich uczonych zaczęło postrzegać Indie jako ojczyznę słowiańską. Wielcy słowaccy poeci romantyczni, tacy jak Ján Hollý (1785–1849) i Ján Kollár (1793–1852) uważali Indie za ojczyznę Słowian, podobnie jak Ľudovít Štúr (1812–1856), główny przywódca słowackiego odrodzenia narodowego w XIX wieku; jako heglista był on jednak krytyczny wobec religii indyjskiej i systemu kastowego. Artykuł rekonstruuje obraz Indii w słowackiej literaturze XIX wieku, od fascynacji ideą słowiańskiej ojczyzny w Indiach w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku do jej negacji w świetle teorii inwazji aryjskiej w drugej połowie XIX wieku. Główna uwaga poświęcona została zmieniającym się obrazom indyjskiego Innego i własnym wizerunkom Słowian w odniesieniu do Indii.
BILANS ALBO „SPRAWOZDANIE DLA AKADEMII” (STUDIA NAD ZWIERZĘTAMI W POLSKIM LITERATUROZNAWSTWI
Authors: Jarzyna Anita
Published: September 2018

BILANS ALBO „SPRAWOZDANIE DLA AKADEMII”1 (STUDIA NAD ZWIERZĘTAMI W POLSKIM LITERATUROZNAWSTWIE)
Formation of cross-superposed LIPSSs on bulk chalcogenide glasses using fs-laser
Authors: Messaddeq Sandra Helena , Dumont Antoine , Douaud Alexandre , El-Amraoui Mohammed , Messaddeq Younès
Published: September 2018

This paper reports the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) observed on the ablated surface of bulk As2S3 chalcogenide glasses produced after irradiation by a focused beam of femtosecond Ti:sapphire (fs)-laser (1 kHz, 100 fs, 800 nm). By controlling the irradiation condition of fs-laser, high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) ripples parallel to polarisation of the incident light are formed. Nanovoids with an average diameter of ~300 nm and depth of 200 nm also appear between the ripples. Furthermore, we show a transition from the HSFL features toward the formation of low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with an intermediated complex structure of ripples, which are oriented simultaneously parallel and perpendicular to the polarisation of the incident light that we call cross-superposed LIPSSs.
Multi-spectral and Topographic Fusion for Automated Road Extraction
Authors: Puttinaovarat Supattra , Horkaew Paramate
Published: September 2018

Road geometry is pertinent information in various GIS studies. Reliable and updated road information thus calls for conventional on-site survey being replaced by more accurate and efficient remote sensing technology. Generally, this approach involves image enhancement and extraction of relevant features, such as elongate gradient and intersecting corners. Thus far, its implication is often impeded by wrongly extraction of other urban peripherals with similar pixel characteristics. This paper therefore proposes the fusion of THEOS satellite image and topographic derivatives, obtained from underlying Digital Surface Models (DSM). Multi-spectral indices in thematic layers and surface properties of designated roads were both fed into state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. The results were later fused, taken into account consistently leveled road surface. The proposed technique was thus able to eliminate irrelevant urban structures such as buildings and other constructions, otherwise left by conventional index based extraction. The numerical assessment indicates recall of 84.64%, precision of 97.40% and overall accuracy of 97.78%, with 0.89 Kappa statistics. Visual inspection reported herewith also confirms consistency with ground truth reference.
Synthesis and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-aryl-4-(trichloromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-2-amines
Authors: Zadorozhnii Pavlo V. , Kiselev Vadym V. , Pokotylo Ihor O. , Okhtina Oxana V. , Kharchenko Aleksandr V.
Published: September 2018

The mass spectrometric fragmentation of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-aryl-4-(trichloromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-2-amines was studied under fast-atom bombardment (FAB) conditions. To simplify the interpretation of the mass spectra, a number of new 4H-1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives containing polyisotopic elements (Cl and Br) in the arylamine substituent were synthesized. It was shown that fragmentation occurs in two main patterns.
Casting Defects in Transition Layer of Cu/Al Composite Castings Prepared Using Pouring Aluminum Method and Their Formation Mechanism
Authors: Chen Shuying , Ma Shengnan , Chen Zhilin , Yue Xudong , Chang Guowei
Published: September 2018

In this study, Cu/Al composite castings were prepared using the pouring aluminum method, and the casting defects in the transition layer and their formation mechanism were investigated. Shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosities, and cracks were easily formed in the transition layer, and the thickness of the transition layer was uneven after recombination of the solid Cu and liquid Al. Shrinkage cavities easily formed within the α + eutectic (α + CuAl2) phase, and cracks mainly appeared within the Cu9Al4 and CuAl2 phases. The transition layer with uneven thickness and irregular shape readily formed where the metals solidified last during the solidification; the difference in density between solid Cu and liquid Al, as well as the natural convection in the melt, were responsible for these irregular shapes. As the metals shrunk, shrinkage cavities and porosities formed without external melt feeding. Cracks formed in the Cu9Al4 and CuAl2 phases and at the Cu9Al4/CuAl2 and CuAl2/eutectic (α(Al + CuAl2) interfaces during the solid shrinkage process after the solidification was complete.
Germanisch *kreu̯da- und Verwandtes
Authors: Büthe-Scheider Eva , Kölligan Daniel
Published: September 2018

Non-standard-language data pose specific problems for etymological research. The paper discusses a set of words related to the Germanic root *kreu̯da- ‘to push, shove’ showing that data from German dialects provide relevant information both for the reconstruction of their internal prehistory and for the discussion of possible etymological connections outside Germanic.
Grammaticalization of the Lithuanian comparative -jau(s)
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert
Published: September 2018

When analysing Old Lithuanian texts from the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, one can notice that comparatives with the -jaussuffix tend to appear in comparative constructions with connectives containing negation, e.g. Bet esch
daugiaus dirbau / neig kursai isch yũ‘but I laboured more abundantly than they all’ (VEE 102: 16-17; 1 Corinthians 15: 10). This is the “particle comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985; 2001). On the other hand, authors avoided comparatives with the -jaus suffix in other types of comparative constructions (with the preposition užand the genitive). Philological and etymological analysis of neg(i)and nei(gi)‘than’ shows that these connectives developed out of former sentence negations. This sheds some light on the syntactic environment in which the grammaticalization of the comparative suffix -jausoccurred. The Lithuanian comparative suffix -jaũ (OLith. -jau-s, e.g. geriaus‘better’) goes back to the postposed focus particle -jaũ, which functions as a marker of emphatic assertion of identity (König 1991). The primary contrastive function of the ‑jau-ssuffix can be compared to Ancient Greek -τερος (Sanskrit -taraḥ) in such usages as δεξίτερος ‘right(-hand)’. The grammaticalization of the focus marker jau(s)has occurred in sentences consisting of juxtaposed and contrasted clauses - the “conjoined comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985: 38, 44), and in these sentences, -jausfilled the role of pragmatic marker and focalizer, emphasizing one of two compared, oppositional items.
Crystal structure of 8-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde, C9H5F3N2O
Authors: You Gui-Rong , Rao Guo-Wu
Published: September 2018

C9H5F3N2O, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 7.276(2) Å, b = 6.7773(19) Å, c = 17.613(5) Å, V = 868.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0399, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1122, T = 293(2) K.
Vision impairment after traumatic brain injury: present knowledge and future directions
Authors: Das Mahasweta , Tang Xiaolan , Mohapatra Shyam S. , Mohapatra Subhra
Published: September 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA as well as in the world. As a result of TBI, the visual system is also affected often causing complete or partial visual loss, which in turn affects the quality of life. It may also lead to ocular motor dysfunction, defective accommodation, and impaired visual perception. As a part of the therapeutic strategy, early rehabilitative optometric intervention is important. Orthoptic therapy, medication, stem cell therapy, motor and attention trainings are the available treatment options. Gene therapy is one of the most promising emerging strategies. Use of state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches to deliver drug(s) and/or gene(s) might enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the present and future modalities. More research is needed in these fields to improve the outcome of this debilitating condition. This review focuses on different visual pathologies caused by TBI, advances in pre-clinical and clinical research, and available treatment options.
A simple traffic-light semiotic model for tagmemic theory
Authors: Poythress Vern
Published: September 2018

The complexity and flexibility of tagmemic theory, as a semiotic theory developed by Kenneth L. Pike, can be better understood by examining how it applies to a simple semiotic system like traffic lights. We can then compare the result with how it functions in analyzing a piece of natural language. Tagmemic theory introduces three observer viewpoints – the particle view, the wave view, and the field view. Each view generates a suite of questions to answer. Any one of the views results in a “complete” description of traffic lights, from which the information about the other views can be inferred. And yet each view is distinct in texture from the others, and the existence of such multiple views – each with a claim to emic integrity and each serving as a perspective on the whole – has to be accounted for in a robust semiotic approach. The same phenomena occur when we apply the three views to the analysis of meaning in natural language. The chief illustration is to analyze the meaning of the word dog in multiple ways. The multi-dimensional potential for semiotic analysis highlights the limitations of Aristotelian logic and symbolic logic, both of which simplify for the sake of rigor.
Wirkungsorientierte Rechtswissenschaft
Authors: Hoffmann-Riem Wolfgang
Published: September 2018

Recht wird seit jeher zur Verwirklichung von Zwecken geschaffen und ist auf die Erzielung rechtlicher und faktischer Wirkungen ausgerichtet. Zwecke und die angestrebten Wirkungen sind in den Normen nicht stets ausdrücklich und abschließend normiert. Für die Rechtsanwendung bedürfen sie der Konkretisierung. Auch können die Normen Möglichkeiten zur Ergänzung der Maßstäbe und der einsetzbaren Instrumente enthalten.

Die Wirkungen von Recht erschöpfen sich nicht im Erlass von Rechtsakten (alsoutput) und der bei den Adressaten eintretenden Folgen (alsimpact). Bedeutsam für die Rechtsetzung wie für die Rechtsanwendung sind vielfach auch gesellschaftliche Folgen (alsoutcome). Sämtliche dieser Folgen können auch Gegenstand besonderer Verfahren der prospektiven Folgenabschätzung und der retrospektiven Erfassung und Evaluation der Wirkungen von Recht sein.

Die Mehrdimensionalität der Folgen ist für die Rechtspraxis sowie für Forschung wichtig, die sich mit den Wirkungen von Recht befasst, darunter auch die rechtssoziologische. Gegenwärtig ist beobachtbar, dass die Wirkungsebene von Recht in der Rechtswissenschaft vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit findet. Es gibt allerdings immer noch keine eigenen rechtswissenschaftlichen Methoden zur prospektiven oder retrospektiven Erfassung von nichtrechtlichen Wirkungen. Dies rechtfertigt es nicht, diese auszublenden. Soweit die Rechtspraxis und die Rechtswissenschaft nicht über angemessene Methoden der Wirkungserfassung und hinreichende Erkenntnisse über erwartbare oder schon eingetretene Folgen verfügen, sind sie auf andere Wissenschaften angewiesen, insbesondere auf solche, die empirische Forschungen zur Wirkung von Recht durchführen. Für die Rechtswissenschaft und -praxis ist insoweit eine trans- und interdisziplinär informierte Vorgehensweise zu fordern.
Local and Global Volumetric Strain Comparison in Sand Specimens Subjected to Drained Cyclic and Monotonic Triaxial Compression Loading
Authors: Escribano D. E. , Nash D. F. T. , Diambra A.
Published: September 2018

This article investigates the development of volumetric strain nonuniformities in sand specimens subjected to drained cyclic triaxial compression loading. The assessment is performed by comparing volumetric strain determinations using an external volume gauge and local axial and radial strain measurements mounted on the center of the specimen. The experimental investigation has been performed for both frictional and enlarged lubricated ends on sand specimens of different densities and fabricated using both moist tamping and dry deposition techniques. It will be shown that considerable discrepancies between the global and local volumetric determination arise even in specimens tested with enlarged lubricated ends, as a result of different volumetric tendencies (contraction or dilation) of the center and the boundaries of the specimens. These discrepancies are more pronounced for dense specimens cycled at high average stress ratios and amplitudes. The influence of three different assumptions employed to account for the specimen’s deformed profile (namely the right cylinder, parabolic, and sinusoidal profile) on the local volumetric determinations will be also assessed. Some recommendations for the need for local volumetric measurements will be attempted.
Study on the Processes of Water and Grout Seepage in Porous Media Using Resistivity Method
Authors: Qian Ziwei , Jiang Zhenquan , Guan Yunzhang
Published: September 2018

In this study, we simulated the process of water and chemical grout seepage into porous media using a mix of quartz sand, calcite powder, and neutral silicone adhesive as a microscopically porous media and transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) tube to make the test model. During the test, we monitored multisectional electrical resistances of the porous media in real time, realized the visualization of the processes of water and grout seepage as well as grout solidification, and investigated the characteristics of changes in resistivity and seepage during water and grout injection into porous media. The study showed that (1) in the process of water injection into the unsaturated porous media, the water-seepage interface was clearly observed and changes in resistivity of the model material can be used to determine water-seepage velocity and interface position; (2) in the range of grout diffusion into the saturated porous media, the concentration of grout gradually decreased from along the diffusion direction, showing no obvious interface between the grout diffusion and nondiffusion areas; and (3) the resistivity of the saturated porous media in the grouting process greatly changed, and this change could be used to determine grout diffusion range, relative concentration in the diffusion range, and solidification degrees. This study provides a new way to monitor the grouting process and help guide the grouting design.
Testing and Validation of a Novel Segmented Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Abdulaziz Ahmed H. , Elsabbagh Adel , Elnady Tamer
Published: September 2018

This article presents the structural testing and analyses of a segmented horizontal axis wind turbine blade. The blade’s mass and center of gravity are first determined. Free vibration tests are performed, and the natural frequencies are obtained. Static bending tests in flapwise and edgewise directions are conducted with acoustics emission monitoring. The segmented blade was able to sustain the test loads. However, some superficial defects appeared and were detected by the acoustics emission sensors. Finally, the resonant fatigue test is performed for ten million cycles. The variation of the stiffness against the loading cycles is used to diagnose the initiation of fatigue cracks. Based on the testing results, some modifications are proposed in the design and manufacturing approaches to avoid the noted defects.
Mechanism of Pile-Soil Relative Vertical Displacement under the Freeze-Thaw Action
Authors: Zhang Ze , Feng Wenjie , Zhang Hu , Shi Xiangyang , Ming Jiao
Published: September 2018

To effectively mitigate the risk of freeze-thaw disasters, the lines, poles, and piles in point-line constructions need be deployed with careful consideration of the compaction degree control of backfilled soil. Vertical displacements of soil and piles occur at the same time under freeze-thaw action, thereby making it difficult to determine the frost heave and thaw subsidence of piles. To solve this problem, we monitored the vertical displacements of piles and soil simultaneously and found that the pile-soil interaction differs, depending on the variances in backfill density. Such displacement also ultimately results in “pile-soil” system modification synchronization. To determine the vertical displacement of the pile foundation, one must first determine the relative displacement of the pile and soil. This work presents serial experimental results and verifies experimentally that an optimal degree of soil compaction exists in which the pile shows minimal changes in its vertical displacement.
Experimental and Analytical Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Shi Dandan , Chen Xudong , Shen Nan , Liu Saisai , Li Shengtao
Published: September 2018

Pervious concrete is a kind of porous material composed of a series of interconnected pores and solid skeletons. Although the research on the basic mechanical properties of pervious concrete has already been performed, the depth and breadth of research are not enough, especially regarding the fatigue fracture characteristics of pervious concrete. In this article, three-point flexural monotonic, cyclic, and fatigue tests of notched specimens are carried out. The mechanical characteristics of pervious concrete are studied on the basis of the mechanism of fracture. Both the effects of loading rates on the fracture mechanics and the effective crack length and the fracture toughness of pervious concrete are investigated. Additionally, on the basis of the crack propagation model proposed by Kolluru et al., the relationship between the crack propagation rate and the effective crack length of pervious concrete relative to flexural fatigue tests is obtained. In addition, the acoustic emission technique is used to monitor the cracking process of pervious concrete. The results indicate that the crack propagation law is similar to that of the acoustic hits. Both indeed show three stages.