bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing Analytics for Data-Rich Environments
Authors: Wedel Michel , Kannan P.K.
Published: May 2016

The authors provide a critical examination of marketing analytics methods by tracing their historical development, examining their applications to structured and unstructured data generated within or external to a firm, and reviewing their potential to support marketing decisions. The authors identify directions for new analytical research methods, addressing (1) analytics for optimizing marketing-mix spending in a data-rich environment, (2) analytics for personalization, and (3) analytics in the context of customers’ privacy and data security. They review the implications for organizations that intend to implement big data analytics. Finally, turning to the future, the authors identify trends that will shape marketing analytics as a discipline as well as marketing analytics education.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Surgery in microprolactinomas: effectiveness and risks based on contemporary literature
Authors: Tampourlou Metaxia , Trifanescu Raluca , Paluzzi Alessandro , Ahmed Shahzada K , Karavitaki Niki
Published: May 2016

Microprolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas. In symptomatic patients, dopamine agonists are the first-line treatment of choice; when cabergoline is used, biochemical control rates between 85 and 93% have been reported. Long-term treatment is needed in most of the cases with compliance, patient convenience, and potential adverse effects representing areas requiring attention. Based on the literature published in the past 15 years, transsphenoidal surgery can lead to normal prolactin in the postoperative period in usually 71–100% of the cases with very low postoperative complication rates. Surgical expertise is the major determinant of the outcomes, and it may be a cost-effective option in young patients with life expectancy greater than 10 years (provided it is performed by experienced surgeons at high volume centers with confirmed optimal outcomes). Larger series of patients with adequate follow-up could further validate the place of transsphenoidal surgery (particularly through the endoscopic approach for which long-term results are currently limited) in the management algorithm of patients with microprolactinoma.
Clonal origin and spread of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Van Etten Jamie L , Dehm Scott M
Published: May 2016

Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer deaths. The standard treatment for metastatic disease is surgical or chemical castration in the form of androgen deprivation therapy. Despite initial success and disease regression, resistance to therapy ultimately develops and the disease transitions to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is uniformly fatal. Thus, developing an understanding of genetic evolution in metastasis and in response to therapy has been a focus of recent studies. Large-scale sequencing studies have provided an expansive catalog of the mutation events that occur in the prostate cancer genome at various stages of disease progression. Small-scale studies have interrogated the genomic composition of multiple metastatic sites within individual patients or have tracked clonal evolution longitudinally in tissues, circulating tumor cells, or circulating tumor DNA. Collectively, these efforts have provided a new conceptual framework for understanding the origin of prostate cancer, as well as the origin and evolution of metastatic disease. In this review, we highlight these recent insights into the spatiotemporal landscape of genetic evolution of prostate cancer.
Impactos geomorfológicos del terremoto de Limón (1991; ms=7.5) y consideraciones para la prevención de riesgos asociados en Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada-Román Adolfo
Published: May 2016

El Terremoto de Limón (Ms = 7.5) se presentó el 22 de abril de 1991 y tuvo su epicentro en las coordenadas 9.685 N y -83 .073 W. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la relación de los procesos detonados por el sismo en el modelado del relieve en el área más afectada: la Cuenca Limón Sur. La metodología consistió en una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios técnicos así como científicos realizados sobre el desastre y el análisis de sus implicaciones geomorfológicas. Los efectos cosísmicos fueron el levantamiento tectónico, la licuefacción, deslizamientos, inundaciones y un aumento de la carga de sedimentos en el sistema fluvial. Este suceso fue una importante enseñanza para Costa Rica en términos de gestión de una emergencia de gran magnitud, además cimentó la base de incipientes medidas de prevención y mitigación del riesgo de desastres. ABSTRACT The Limon Earthquake (Ms = 7.5) occurred on April 22, 1991 with its epicenter located at coordinates 9,685 N and -83,073 W. The objective of this research was to study the relationship of the processes triggered by the earthquake on modeling the topography of the most affected area -the Southern Limon Basin. The methodology consisted on a literature review regarding the technical and scientific studies conducted about the disaster and the analysis of its geomorphological implications. The coseismic effects that occurred were the tectonic uplift, liquefaction, landslides,floods, and an increase of the fluvial system´s sediment load. This event was a great lesson for Costa Rica in terms of managing a major emergency, and it also helped building the foundation for emerging prevention measures and disaster risk reduction.
LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS CON PERSPECTIVA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL GIRO A LA IZQUIERDA. DE LA RUPTURA A LA SEGUNDA VUELTA INSTITUCIONAL EN VENEZUELA Y ECUADOR
Authors: Espinosa Díaz Claudia , Vázquez Valencia Daniel
Published: May 2016

Hay tres procesos políticos que interactúan en algunos países de América Latina: el giro a la izquierda, la generación de movimientos constituyentes impulsados por dichos gobiernos, y un cada vez más relevante papel de los derechos humanos (DH) en la formulación de política pública (PP). Daremos cuenta de la convergencia de estos procesos situándonos en el último: la PP con perspectiva de DH (PPDH). La constitucionalización de los derechos humanos es un tema extensamente trabajado; sin embargo, la vinculación de este con la política pública es un ámbito de análisis relativamente nuevo, aunque fundamental para entender las brechas entre el cumplimiento y el ejercicio de los derechos humanos. Nos preguntamos: ¿cuál es la relación entre las constituciones emitidas por los gobiernos del giro a la izquierda y la formulación de PPDH? Se esperaría que el papel que tomaron los DH en las nuevas constituciones tuviera un impacto sostenido en la formulación de la PP;  no obstante, esto no es necesariamente así. Si bien hay interacción entre las constituciones y las PP, hay dos aspectos interesantes por subrayar: el proceso de resignificación, en el caso ecuatoriano, y la segunda vuelta institucional, en el caso venezolano. Public policies with a human rights perspective in the shift to the left. From rupture to the second round in Venezuela and Ecuador  Abstract  There are three processes that interact in certain countries in Latin America: the shift to the left, movements to develop new constitutions driven by left wing governments , and the increasingly relevant role played by human rights in the development of public policy. We will make evident these interactions by analyzing this last point: public policy with a human rights perspective (PPHR). The inclusion of human rights in constitutions is something that has been thoroughly analyzed; yet the link of this inclusion with pubic policy is an area that is relatively new despite it being key in understanding the gaps between the fulfillment and enjoyment of human rights. We ask: what is the relationship between constitutions issued by left wing governments and the development of PPHR? One would expect that the role played by human rights in new constitutions would have a sustained impact in the development of PP. This is not necessarily the case: although there is interaction between constitutions and PP, there are two interesting aspects to highlight: the rebranding in the case of Ecuador and the second round in the case of Venezuela.
PRIEŠIŠKŲ KALBŲ EUROPOS PARLAMENTE VERTIMO IŠ ANGLŲ KALBOS Į LIETUVIŲ KALBĄ SOCIOLINGVISTINĖ ANALIZĖ
Authors: Mankauskienė Dalia
Published: May 2016

Šio straipsnio tikslas – pažvelgti į vertimą žodžiu kaip į komunikacijos procesą. Pirmiausia aptariami šį procesą vaizduojantys vertimo žodžiu komunikacijos modeliai ir verčiamieji įvykiai bei jų specifika. Vertėjo vaidmeniui aptarti ir iliustruoti šiame straipsnyje pasirinktas straipsnio autorės išskirtas netiesioginio pokalbio verčiamasis įvykis Europos Parlamente. Nagrinėjami Nigelo Farage’o priešiškų kalbų vertimo iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą ypatumai, siekiant nustatyti, ar lietuvių kalbos vertėjai yra linkę švelninti įvaizdį pažeidžiančius aktus.
Az akut myeloid leukaemia gyógyszeres kezelése. Jelenlegi lehetőségek, jövőbeli kilátások
Authors: Telek Béla , Rejtő László , Batár Péter , Miltényi Zsófia , Reményi Gyula , Simon Zsófia , Ujj Zsófia , Mezei Gabriella , Szász Róbert , Kiss Attila , Udvardy Miklós , Illés Árpád
Published: May 2016

Acute myelogenous leukemia is a heterogeneous disease. Recent molecular mutational analysis techniques have shed more light on different, genetically well characterised types of the disease. Treatment approach is uniform except for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Application of the “3 + 7” induction treatment has been the gold standard in the past 40 years. While the dose of cytarabine has not been changed, escalating daunorubicine dose in younger (<60 years) patients with good performance status to 90 mg/m2 had a positive impact on overall survival. High dose chemotherapy is tolerated poorly in patients older than 60 years of age and, as treatment is not curative in the elderly, improvement of overall survival and quality of life remains the main goal of management in these patients. Low intensity treatment is beneficial and can provide additional advantage over supportive care. Innovative and targeted therapy approaches might give promise to better management of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(22), 843–848.
Os desafios da internacionalização: mapeando dinâmicas e rotas da circulação internacional
Authors: Madeira Rafael Machado , Marenco André
Published: May 2016

Resumo A literatura recente afirma que um dos principais desafios para a ciência política brasileira é o aumento do seu grau de internacionalização. Este artigo busca contribuir com a discussão mapeando algumas das principais mobilidades de internacionalização acadêmica dentre os docentes dos programas de pós-graduação no Brasil (formação e publicação em periódicos internacionais). Os objetivos específicos são: 1) identificar o percentual de docentes com internacionalização, bem como seu perfil; 2) verificar se existe relação entre oportunidades de formação e publicação no exterior; 3) mapear os principais destinos dessa internacionalização (países que se constituem nos principais destinos da formação e da publicação dos docentes brasileiros).
Resistance and Stress Finite Element Analysis of Different Types of Fixation for Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Stringhini Diego José , Sommerfeld Ricardo , Uetanabaro Lucas Caetano , Leonardi Denise Piotto , Araújo Melissa Rodrigues , Rebellato Nelson Luís Barbosa , Costa Delson João da , Scariot Rafaela
Published: May 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and dislodgement resistance by finite element analysis of different types of fixation in mandibular orthognathic surgery. A 3D solid finite element model of a hemi-mandible was obtained. A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was simulated and the distal segment was advanced 5 mm forward. After the adjustment and superimposing of segments, 9 different types of osteosynthesis with 2.0 miniplates and screws were simulated: A, one 4-hole conventional straight miniplate; B, one 4-hole locking straight miniplate; C, one 4-hole conventional miniplate and one bicortical screw; D, one 4-hole locking miniplate and 1 bicortical screws; E, one 6-hole conventional straight miniplate; F, one 6-hole locking miniplate; G, two 4-hole conventional straight miniplates; H, two 4-hole locking straight miniplates; and I, 3 bicortical screws in an inverted-L pattern. In each model, forces simulating the masticatory muscles were applied. The values of stress in the plates and screws were checked. The dislodgement resistance was checked at the proximal segment since the distal segment was stable because of the screen at the occlusal tooth. The regions with the lowest and highest displacement were measured. The offset between the osteotomized segments was verified by millimeter intervals. Inverted-L with bicortical screws was the model that had the lowest dislodgment and the model with the lowest tension was the one with two conventional plates. The results suggest that the tension was better distributed in the locking miniplates, but the locking screws presented higher concentration of tension.
Push-out Bond Strength of Root-end Filling Materials
Authors: Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Bosso-Martelo Roberta , Costa Bernardo Cesar , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Tanomaru-Filho Mário
Published: May 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.
Bond Strength of a Bisphenol-A-Free Fissure Sealant With and Without Adhesive Layer under Conditions of Saliva Contamination
Authors: Mesquita-Guimarães Késsia Suênia Fidelis de , Sabbatini Iliana Ferraz , Almeida Cintia Guimarães de , Galo Rodrigo , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Borsatto Maria Cristina
Published: May 2016

Abstract Dental sealants are important for prevention of carious lesions, if they have good shear strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two sealants to saliva-contaminated and non-contaminated enamel with and without an intermediate adhesive layer underneath the sealant. Ninety flat enamel surfaces from human third molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=15): F (control): Fluroshield(tm) sealant; EWB (control): Embrace(tm) WetBond(tm); SB/F: Single Bond adhesive system + F; SB/EWB, s-SB/F and s-SB/EWB. In the s-SB/F and s-SB/EWB groups, the acid-etched enamel was contaminated with 0.01 mL of fresh human saliva for 20 s. Sealant cylinders were bonded to enamel surface with and without an intermediate adhesive system layer. The shear tests were performed using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). F presented higher mean SBS than EWB in all experimental conditions. The lowest SBS mean was obtained for EWB on contaminated enamel (p<0.05). In conclusion, an adhesive system layer should be used prior to sealant placement, in both dry and saliva-contaminated enamel. F had the best performance in all experimental conditions. EWB sealant showed very low results, but an adhesive layer underneath the sealant increased its SBS even after salivary contamination.
Ions Release and pH of Calcium Hydroxide-, Chlorhexidine- and Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Medicaments
Authors: Carvalho Ceci Nunes , Freire Laila Gonzales , Carvalho Alexandre Pinheiro Lima de , Duarte Marco Antonio Húngaro , Bauer José , Gavini Giulio
Published: May 2016

Abstract This study evaluated pH and release of calcium, sodium and phosphate ions from different medications in human dentin. Fifty premolars were prepared and randomly divided into groups: (CHX) - 2% chlorhexidine gel; (CHX + CH) - CHX + calcium hydroxide PA; (CH) - CH + propylene glycol 600; (NPBG) - experimental niobium phosphate bioactive glass + distilled water; (BG) - bioactive glass (Bio-Gran) + distilled water. The specimens were immersed in deionized water and the pH variations were measured. The quantification of ions in the solutions was made by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) at 10 min, 24 h, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey`s test, with a significance level of 5%. CH had the highest level of calcium ions release at 30 days, while CHX and BG released more sodium ions. BG, NPBG and CHX released a higher amount of phosphate ions. The pH of CH was significantly higher compared with the other groups. CH favored the greatest increase of pH and calcium ions release. The bioactive glasses released more sodium and phosphate ions and presented an alkaline pH immediately and after 30 days.
Edentulism, Severe Tooth Loss and Lack of Functional Dentition in Elders: A Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Camila Garcez , Cascaes Andreia Morales , Silva Alexandre Emídio Ribeiro , Seerig Lenise Menezes , Nascimento Gustavo Giacomelli , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: May 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate self-reported prevalence of edentulism, severe tooth loss and lack of functional dentition in elders, and to identify potential associated factors. A population based cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,451 elders (≥60 years), in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regressions. The prevalence of edentulism, severe tooth loss and lack of functional dentition was 39.3%, 60.9% and 82.7%, respectively. The factors positively associated with tooth loss in the three-degree severity were sex (females), older individuals, low familial income, low level of schooling and having the last dental visit longer than 24 months ago. The high prevalence of tooth loss in its different degrees of severity and the association with preventable factors highlight the need of programs focused on elders, emphasizing the prevention of tooth loss and need for prosthetic rehabilitation.
Molecular Identification of Cultivable Bacteria From Infected Root Canals Associated With Acute Apical Abscess
Authors: Nóbrega Letícia M. M. , Montagner Francisco , Ribeiro Adriana C. , Mayer Márcia A. P. , Gomes Brenda P. F. A.
Published: May 2016

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition present in root canals of teeth associated with acute apical abscess by molecular identification (16S rRNA) of cultivable bacteria. Two hundred and twenty strains isolated by culture from 20 root canals were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (PCR), followed by sequencing. The resulting nucleotide sequences were compared to the GenBank database from the National Center of Biotechnology Information through BLAST. Strains not identified by sequencing were submitted to clonal analysis. The association of microbiological findings with clinical features and the association between microbial species were also investigated. Fifty-nine different cultivable bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belonging to 6 phyla, with an average number of 6 species per root canal. Molecular approaches allowed identification of 99% of isolates. The most frequently identified bacteria were Prevotella spp., Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Parvimonas micra, Dialister invisus, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. Positive association was found between Prevotella buccae and Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus and between Parvimonas micra and Prevotella nigrescens (both p<0.05). It was concluded that the microbiota of infected root canals associated with acute apical abscess is diverse and heterogeneous, composed mainly of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, with the great majority belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.
Plantas medicinais com ação antiparasitária: conhecimento tradicional na etnia Kantaruré, aldeia Baixa das Pedras, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: SANTOS-LIMA T.M. , SANTOS D.R.V. , SOUZA R.M. , BASTOS N.G. , VANNIER-SANTOS M.A. , NUNES E.S. , DIAS-LIMA A.G.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O uso de espécies vegetais para curar doenças e sintomas remonta ao início da civilização. Em várias culturas produtos botânicos eram empregados para essa finalidade. No Brasil, sob influência das interações culturais entre índios, negros e portugueses, essa relação homem-natureza permitiu a disseminação da sabedoria herdada em relação ao uso e cultivo de diversas espécies vegetais. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento das plantas medicinais indicadas pelos índios da etnia Kantaruré, aldeia Baixa das Pedras com ação antiparasitária. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze pessoas, pertencentes a uma população de 150 indígenas, selecionadas pela técnica da bola de neve, reconhecidas pela comunidade como maiores detentores do conhecimento sobre a realidade local e sobre plantas. Os resultados indicam que doze espécies são utilizadas na medicina tradicional local com ação antiparasitária, podendo destacar a caçatinga (Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), hortelã miúdo (Mentha piperita L.) e babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.) como as mais indicadas. As plantas citadas pertencem à vegetação nativa, sendo que as espécies cultivadas são encontradas principalmente nos quintais, nas proximidades das residências e em locais de cultivo próprio. Os dados levantados nesta pesquisa evidenciam a importância terapêutica, cultural e histórica do uso de espécies botânicas na prevenção e cura de enfermidades. A aldeia estudada depende diretamente dos recursos vegetais para as suas práticas de cura. Os resultados dessa pesquisa podem servir como base para bioprospecção bem como para seleção de espécies da caatinga para estudos futuros visando o seu uso e manejo sustentável.
Isolamento químico e validação analítica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência de quercitrina em Solidago chilensis Meyen (Asteraceae)
Authors: VECHIA C.A.D. , MORAIS B. , SCHONELL A.P. , DIEL K.A.P. , FAUST C. , MENIN C. , GOMES D.B. , ROMAN JUNIOR W.A.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO A espécie Solidago chilensis Meyen, Asteraceae é conhecida como erva-lanceta ou arnica-brasileira, sendo utilizada popularmente como antimicrobiana e para o tratamento de inflamações tópicas. No entanto, estudos fitoquímicos e farmacológicos para as partes aéreas são escassos. Neste trabalho, realizou-se a determinação de flavonoides por espectrofotometria de UV/Vis, prospecção fitoquímica da fração acetato de etila visando o isolamento do constituinte químico majoritário e validação analítica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). O teor de flavonoides totais foi de 5,42%, representados como hiperosídeo. O fracionamento químico utilizando métodos cromatográficos (cromatografia líquida em coluna gel de sílica; CHCl3:EtOH; 8:2 v/v) e espectroscópicos (1H RMN,13C RMN e ESI-MS) revelou o isolamento de quercetina-3-O-α-L-ramnosídeo(quercitrina). A sensibilidade e a linearidade (r = 0,999) da validação analítica, utilizando a quercitrina isolada do extrato hidroalcoólico da planta, revelaram um rendimento de 5,29% do analito em relação à droga vegetal. Precisão, recuperação e robustez, além dos valores estabelecidos para os limites de detecção (LOD) e de quantificação (LOQ), poderão ser utilizados como parâmetros de qualidade para extratos à base de S. chilensis.
Sobre a botânica, a etnofarmacologia e a química de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum
Authors: SANTOS A.B. , RIBEIRO-OLIVEIRA J.P. , CARVALHO C.M.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O fato de possuir espécies com potencial econômico ilimitado, faz com que o ambiente amazônico se torne alvo constante da biopirataria e da extração predatória dos recursos. Muitas espécies deste ambiente sequer possuem catalogação e, mesmo assim, encontram risco eminente de desaparecimento. Neste âmbito, trabalhos que reúnam dados sobre estas espécies possuem grande valor científico, cultural e econômico, sendo este o estímulo que desencadeou a produção desta revisão. Aqui a espécie Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum., uma Rubiaceae amazônica, é contemplada por meio de características botânicas, indicações etnofarmacológicas e propriedades químicas. Popularmente conhecida como mulateiro, a espécie é frequentemente receitada na etnomedicina como cicatrizante e rejuvenescedor, além de ser usada no controle de manchas de pele. Como peculiaridade botânica, mulateiro apresenta tronco retilíneo com epiderme fina esverdeada que evolui para uma periderme castanho-escuro, que é anualmente renovada. Em termos químicos, há destaque para a presença de alcalóides, taninos e, sobretudo, secoiridóides (7-metoxididerrosideo, 6´-acetil-β-D-glucopiranosildiderrosideo e 8-0-tigloildiderrosideo são peculiares à espécie). Mesmo com propriedades fotoprotetoras comprovadas, C. spruceanum ainda carece de pesquisas, sobretudo àquelas voltadas para a produção ex situ da planta e àquelas que demonstrem a relação entre a ecologia da planta e a produção de metabólitos funcionais para a indústria.
Response of soil fungi and biological processes to crop residues in no-tillage system
Authors: Oliveira Priscila de , Nascente Adriano Stephan , Ferreira Enderson Petrônio de Brito , Kluthcouski João , Junior Murillo Lobo
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation can directly affect the soil microbial community. This study aimed at determining soil quality indicators and soilborne fungi in a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, was used. Three cover crops (palisade grass, millet and common bean) provided straw and root residues to the following crops of corn and soybean. The common bean-soybean sequence provided little soil covering and higher metabolic quotient and soil basal respiration and total enzymatic activity, as well as a general increase of soilborne fungi. The principal component analysis revealed that 76.61 % of the variance can be explained by the three first components, with cover crops, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient regarded as the main qualitative and quantitative sources of variance in the first component. Carbon from the microbial biomass was the soil quality indicator best correlated to crop yield and negatively correlated to Fusarium solani density. The Rhizoctonia solani population was correlated with higher metabolic quotient and soil total enzymatic activity and basal respiration. The palisade grass crop favored soil fungistasis and enhancement of antagonist Trichoderma spp. populations. The multivariate approach demonstrated the association of soil fungi with soil quality indicators, as well as a higher influence of cover crops on the variance observed, in comparison to cash crops.
Pig slurry composting as a nitrogen source in proso millet crop
Authors: Silva Alieze Nascimento da , Basso Claudir José , Muraro Dionei Schmidt , Ortigara Cícero , Pansera Edivan
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT With the intensification of pig farming systems, in Brazil, the production of swine waste has increased considerably, leading to water and soil contamination, due to its improper release. Pig slurry composting is an alternative that can be used in order to avoid or reduce negative impacts, especially for producers with physically limited farm areas, or those who intend to increase the number of animals in their production units. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of pig slurry compost doses on the agronomic characteristics and grain yield of proso millet. A randomized blocks design experiment was installed with four replications and five treatments: control without fertilization, control with mineral fertilizer (NPK) and pig slurry compost doses (4.0 Mg ha-1, 8.0 Mg ha-1; 12.0 Mg ha-1). The pig slurry composting increased the dry matter yield, number of grains per plant and grain yield of proso millet, when compared to the control with or without mineral fertilizer. The proso millet yield, at the doses of 8.0 Mg ha-1 and 12.0 Mg ha-1 of pig slurry, was superior than for both the control without fertilization and the control with the recommended mineral fertilizer, with the latter reaching a maximum agronomic efficiency at the dose of 8.0 Mg ha-1.
Application of super absorbent polymer and ascorbic acid to mitigate deleterious effects of cadmium in wheat
Authors: Moghadam Hamid Reza Tohidi
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The growing use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides can cause potential contamination with heavy metals to soil and groundwater, posing environmental and health threats. Heavy metals can also affect crop yield. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the role of ascorbic acid foliar application and soil-applied super absorbent to mitigate adverse effects of cadmium (Cd), in terms of biochemical parameters in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with three levels of super absorbent polymer (0 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1 and 8 g kg-1 of soil) by three levels of ascorbic acid (0 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM), with four replicates. The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. It also decreased seed weight and chlorophyll content in wheat plants. The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %). Similar results were found when ascorbic acid was applied. Ascorbic acid increased seed yield, seed weight and chlorophyll content by 12.62 %, 17.66 % and 13.17 %, respectively. As a result, the super absorbent polymer and ascorbic acid could improve the survival capacity and yield of wheat plants in response to Cd contamination in the soil.
Physicochemical and sensorial quality of banana genotypes
Authors: Reis Ronielli Cardoso , Viana Eliseth de Souza , Jesus Jaciene Lopes de , Santos Tâmara Maria de Souza , Oliveira Naiara Almeida de
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Despite the diversity of banana varieties in Brazil, only a few cultivars have the proper agronomic traits and fruit quality for commercial exploitation. This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical traits and sensorial acceptance of banana genotypes, in order to identify those with potential for commercial growing. Six improved banana genotypes were assessed (BRS Maravilha, PC 0101, FHIA 18, TM 2803, YB 4203 and BRS Caipira), as well as three commercial cultivars (Grand Naine, Pacovan and Prata Anã). Analyses of peel and pulp color, peel thickness, pulp yield, moisture, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total carotenoids and sensorial acceptance were performed. The BRS Maravilha, FHIA 18, YB 4203 and BRS Caipira genotypes presented physicochemical traits similar to the Grand Naine, Pacovan and Prata Anã commercial cultivars. The BRS Maravilha and TM 2803 genotypes had sensorial acceptance similar to the Prata Anã and Grand Naine cultivars, and are therefore promising for commercial growing, with the advantage of being resistant to the black Sigatoka and Panama disease.
El ciclo menstrual en el siglo XXI. Entre el mercado, la ecología y el poder femenino
Authors: Felitti Karina
Published: May 2016

Resumen: Este artículo analiza las concepciones relativas al género, la sexualidad, la salud, la espiritualidad/religiosidad, la política, el medio ambiente y el empoderamiento femenino, presentes en el mercado de productos "alternativos" que atienden y celebran el ciclo menstrual en la Argentina contemporánea. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en el análisis de páginas web, blogs y perfiles de Facebook de mujeres que fabrican, comercializan y/o difunden toallas de tela y copas de silicona; la observación participante en talleres sobre el ciclo y entrevistas personales con sus organizadoras. El estudio visibiliza la emergencia y difusión de visiones que celebran el ciclo menstrual, considerándolo una fuente de identidad y empoderamiento femenino, y las tensiones que se dan con otros enfoques que cuestionan estas premisas.
Algunas reflexiones para dialogar sobre el patriarcado desde el estudio y el trabajo con varones y masculinidades
Authors: Figueroa-Perea Juan-Guillermo
Published: May 2016

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es organizar preguntas que estimulen procesos de reflexión colectiva sobre lo que se interpreta como patriarcado en el plano teórico, político e instrumental. Se recurre a una lectura conceptual y lingüística, por lo que se delimitan al inicio algunos supuestos éticos, políticos y metodológicos, con el fin de identificar vertientes de reflexión e intervención en el trabajo y estudio de la población masculina. A continuación se caracteriza los tipo de imaginarios que operan en las diversas aproximaciones a dicha población, desde la academia y desde el activismo, para luego presentar una serie de reflexiones sobre lo que implica estudiar a los varones como sujetos de género. Se recupera el lenguaje como acercamiento analítico al nombrar, ver y construir la otredad, por lo que se muestran ejemplos de cómo se nombran a sí mismos algunos grupos y organizaciones alrededor del trabajo con hombres, con términos que invitan a rastrear los supuestos teóricos y políticos de su interpretación de los sujetos de interés. Se concluye con algunos elementos del estado del des-conocimiento sobre el entorno del patriarcado y sobre uno de sus sujetos de referencia, a saber, los varones.
A PRISÃO: INSTITUIÇÃO EDUCATIVA?
Authors: Onofre Elenice Maria Cammarosano
Published: May 2016

RESUMO: O significado que se pretende dar a estas reflexões sobre a instituição prisão como espaço de promoção de experiências educativas às pessoas que se encontram em situação de privação de liberdade caminha por três eixos: transversalidade no sistema prisional, transversalidade nas práticas sociais e transversalidade nas ações educativas. A discussão na perspectiva da transversalidade, em nosso entender, está atrelada à compreensão de que a educação acontece ao longo da vida e em todo lugar e, portanto, pensar as diferentes práticas sociais escolares e não escolares que acontecem no interior das unidades prisionais nos parece uma forma de abrir brechas, pequenas fendas que possam anunciar possibilidades de enfrentamento dos paradoxos entre punir e educar. Por outro lado, a perspectiva da transversalidade nos permite elaborar propostas de aprendizagens significativas no aprisionamento e que podem assegurar o convívio com o mundo doméstico quando adquirir a liberdade.
EDUCAÇÃO E TRABALHO EM UM CENTRO DE REEDUCAÇÃO FEMININA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Ireland Timothy Denis , Lucena Helen Halinne Rodrigues de
Published: May 2016

RESUMO: Nos presídios brasileiros, embora a oferta educativa e de formação profissional ganhe prioridade nas propostas de reinserção de encarcerados, a educação e o trabalho mais competem do que se complementam. Partindo desse pressuposto, analisamos neste artigo esse binômio no Centro de Reeducação Feminina de João Pessoa (PB), com base em duas pesquisas realizadas com mulheres com experiência prisional. Para tanto, nos baseamos na compreensão de que educação e trabalho são fontes potenciais de aprendizagem e deveriam/devem ser mais acessíveis e complementares no contexto das prisões femininas, considerando as especificidades de gênero nelas envolvidas. Por outro lado, também entendemos que elas não devem ser vistas como garantias para o amplo propósito da ressocialização e reintegração social, sendo para isso necessária a reunião de outro conjunto de ações pós-penitenciárias.
Safety and efficacy of fenproporex for obesity treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Paumgartten Francisco José Roma , Pereira Sabrina Schaaf Teixeira Costa , Oliveira Ana Cecilia Amado Xavier de
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of fenproporex for treating obesity. METHODS MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched as well as references cited by articles and relevant documents. Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion and regarding risk of bias, collected data, and accuracy. Eligible studies were all those placebo-controlled that provided data on the efficacy and safety of Fenproporex to treat obesity. RESULTS Only four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria. One randomized, placebo-controlled trial on Fenproporex was found on electronic databases. Three placebo-controlled studies (in non-indexed journals) were identified by hand-searching. Patients with cardiovascular and other comorbidities were excluded in all studies. Trials lasted from 40 to 364 days and doses ranged from 20 to 33.6 mg/d. All controlled studies found that weight loss among Fenproporex-treated patients was greater than that produced by the placebo, but drug effect was modest. Fenproporex produced additional weight reductions of 4.7 kg (one year), 3.8 kg (six months) and 1.55 kg (two months) in average, in relation to diet and exercise only (three trials). Insomnia, irritability, and anxiety were the most frequently reported side effects in the four studies. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of randomized, placebo-controlled trials on Fenproporex and those identified here present major methodological flaws. These studies suggest that Fenproporex is modestly effective in promoting weight loss. Nonetheless, they failed to provide evidence that it reduces obesity-associated morbidity and mortality. Data from these studies are insufficient to determine the risk-benefit profile of Fenproporex. Abuse potential and amphetamine-like adverse effects are causes for concern.
In-construction tests show rapid smoke spread across dwellings
Authors: Littlewood John , Smallwood Ivan
Published: May 2016

The paper discusses further proof for the use of diagnostic in-construction testing (iCT) developed by the lead author at Cardiff Metropolitan University as a framework of test methodologies for investigating incorrect installation of, missing, inappropriate or defective components within and connected to the building envelope and the fabric of new dwellings in the UK. Without rectification, these defects can affect thermal performance and thus energy efficiency and lead to increased carbon emissions than specified at the design stage. Use of iCT tests in 2014 and 2015 in collaboration with Sustainable Construction Monitoring and Research has identified a potentially far greater problem than reduced thermal performance, which may lead to complete building failure and occupant injury or death. The paper will discuss findings from three case study construction sites where during a multimethod iCT test approach, smoke spread occurred between dwellings and into means of escape in minutes, which should not before 30 min or 1 h.
Apoptosis in pancreatic β-islet cells in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: May 2016

Apoptosis plays important roles in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The etiology of T2DM is multifactorial, including obesity-associated insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, and loss of β-cell mass through β-cell apoptosis. β-cell apoptosis is mediated through a milliard of caspase family cascade machinery in T2DM. The glucose-induced insulin secretion is the principle pathophysiology of diabetes and insufficient insulin secretion results in chronic hyperglycemia, diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced β-cell apoptosis has been extensively studied on the balance of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bad, Bid, Bik, and Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl family (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) toward apoptosis in vitro isolated islets and insulinoma cell culture. Apoptosis can only occur when the concentration of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 exceeds that of anti-apoptotic proteins at the mitochondrial membrane of the intrinsic pathway. A bulk of recent research on hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis on β-cells unveiled complex details on glucose toxicity on β-cells in molecular levels coupled with cell membrane potential by adenosine triphosphate generation through K+ channel closure, opening Ca2+ channel and plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, animal models using knockout mice will shed light on the basic understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes as a glucose metabolic disease complex, on the balance of anti-apoptotic Bcl family and pro-apoptotic genes. The cumulative knowledge will provide a better understanding of glucose metabolism at a molecular level and will lead to eventual prevention and therapeutic application for T2DM with improving medications.
Genres of Underemployment: A Dialogical Analysis of College Graduate Underemployment
Authors: Cunningham Joseph
Published: May 2016

With more individuals obtaining undergraduate and graduate degrees and the job market still recovering from the 2008 recession, the instances of college graduate underemployment (CGU) have increased throughout the United States. College graduate underemployment is an employment condition that is characterized by subjective and objective factors, most prominent of which is an incongruence between one’s education and one’s current job. The intriguing nature of CGU is how both employment and education merge together to influence the individual’s perception of their employment prospects, their educational experiences, and their identity. This study employs a dialogical qualitative analysis to examine CGU in order to ascertain how underemployed college graduates construct narratives of their experiences and define the value of their education. Twenty in-depth interviews of underemployed college graduates from different academic disciplines are analyzed with a dialogical genre analysis developed by Paul Sullivan. Two genre pairsâ€”epic/romance and tragedy/black comedyâ€”are employed to illustrate the correlating modes of experience for these participants, creating new narratives that problematize the dominant education-to-employment progression.
Across gender. Work situations of Rural Women in the South of Spain
Authors: Suárez-Ortega Magdalena
Published: May 2016

Even though undeniable social changes such as gender discrimination have occurred, the forms of access to public education and employment, as well as the conditions under which these jobs are carried out, are often loaded with sexist biases.Using the biographical-narrative method and a combination of techniques and strategies for gathering and analysing information, the current paper presents an empirical longitudinal study examining the labour situation of rural women who participate in different employment -professional and guidance- training activities. The women´s perceptions and interpretations of their training and professional situations wereanalysed, as well as their opportunities related to finding a job when they completed their education. Additionally, this study examined the extent to which the public services for employment training were adequate andfunctionalfor women regarding whether these services achieved their anticipated aims.We concluded gender inequalities on the employment situation of women, and the importance of implementing urgent measures to fight against the employment crisis from an equality way.
INNOVATION STRATEGY ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATION IN COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Sayapin A. V.
Published: May 2016

The article analyzes the meaning of company's innovation strategy which is considered as one of the functional strategies. It examines positive role of company’s motivate environment for innovation ideas creation and realization. The article explores number of case studies where effective influence of motivate environment on the whole company’s innovation activity is proved.
Two Levels, Two Strategies: Explaining the Gap Between Swiss National and International Responses Toward Climate Change
Authors: Ingold Karin , Pflieger Géraldine
Published: May 2016

In a complex and multilevel regime, countries' national and international strategies to address climate change may considerably differ. Adopting an actor‐centered approach, the aim of this article is to outline and understand the potential difference between a nation's domestic climate policy and its position in the international climate regime. We adopt social network analysis focusing on actors' identification, their relational profiles, interests, and resources. Through survey data and content analysis, we focus on those actors' positions within Swiss national and foreign climate policy. Results show that it is crucial to identify actors that participate in both the national and foreign policymaking. But participation on two levels seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition. Actors should play a central role in both processes, and defend similar policy interests on the two levels, in order for them to be able to coordinate actions and produce coherent outputs in overlapping subsystems.
Decision Trees and Random Forests: Machine Learning Techniques to Classify Rare Events
Authors: Hegelich Simon
Published: May 2016

The article introduces machine learning algorithms for political scientists. These approaches should not be seen as a new method for old problems. Rather, it is important to understand the different logic of the machine learning approach. Here, data is analyzed without theoretical assumptions about possible causalities. Models are optimized according to their accuracy and robustness. While the computer can do this work more or less alone, it is the researcher's duty to make sense of these models afterward. Visualization of machine learning results, therefore, becomes very important and is in the focus of this paper. The methods that are presented and compared are decision trees, bagging, and random forests. The latter are more advanced versions of the former, relying on bootstrapping procedures. To demonstrate these methods, extreme shifts in the US budget and their connection to the attention of political actors are analyzed. The paper presents a comparison of the accuracy of different models based on ROC curves and shows how to interpret random forest models with the help of visualizations. The aim of the paper is to provide an example, how these methods can be used in political science and to highlight possible pitfalls as well as advantages of machine learning.