bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-ZnO Particles’ Effect in Improving the Mechanical Response of Mg-3Al-0.4Ce Alloy
Authors: Tekumalla Sravya , Farhan Najib , Srivatsan Tirumalai , Gupta Manoj
Published: November 2016

Magnesium based nanocomposites, due to their excellent dimensional stability and mechanical integrity, have a lot of potential to replace the existing commercial Al alloys and steels used in aerospace and automotive applications. Mg-Al alloys are commercially used in the form of AZ (magnesium-aluminum-zinc) and AM (magnesium-aluminum-manganese) series in automobile components. However, the Mg17Al12 phase in Mg-Al alloys is a low melting phase which results in a poor creep and high temperature performance of the alloys. Rare earth additions modify the phase and hence improve the properties of the materials. In this paper, Ce and nano ZnO particles were added to Mg-Al alloys to attain a favorable effect on their properties. The developed materials exhibited promising properties in terms of thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), hardness, and tensile strength. Further, the ZnO addition refined the microstructure and helped in obtaining a uniform distribution, however without grain size refinement. The increased addition of ZnO and the improvement in the distribution led to an enhancement in the properties, rendering the materials suitable for a wide spectrum of engineering applications.
Formation of Carbonate Nanoglobules by a Mixed Natural Culture under Hypersaline Conditions
Authors: Balci Nurgul , Demirel Cansu
Published: November 2016

The present study demonstrated formation of Ca and P rich nanoglobules by a mixed natural halophilic population enriched from hypersaline lake sediments in laboratory culture experiments. Nanoglobules consisting of complex mixture of Ca, P, O, and C with minor amount of Mg occurred in the external envelop of bacterial cell in the first week of incubation at various Mg+2/Ca+2 ratios and salinity at 30 °C. Unlike the control experiments (e.g., non-viable cells and without cells), later aggregation and transformation of nanoglobules caused the precipitation of calcium and/or magnesium carbonates in variable amount depending on the Mg+2/Ca+2 ratios of the medium after 37 days of incubation. By showing the nucleation of carbonates on bacterial nanoglobules closely associated with the cell surfaces of mixed natural population this study emphasis that formation of nanoglobules may not be specific to a microbial strain or to activity of a particular microbial group. Formation of carbonate nanoglobules under various conditions (e.g., Mg+2/Ca+2 ratios, salinity) with the same halophilic culture suggest that the although metabolic activity of bacteria have an influence on formation of nanoglobules the mineralogy of nanoglobules may be controlled by the physicochemical conditions of the precipitation solution and the rate of mineral precipitation.
Ligand Fishing: A Remarkable Strategy for Discovering Bioactive Compounds from Complex Mixture of Natural Products
Authors: Zhuo Rongjie , Liu Hao , Liu Ningning , Wang Yi
Published: November 2016

Identification of active compounds from natural products is a critical and challenging task in drug discovery pipelines. Besides commonly used bio-guided screening approaches, affinity selection strategy coupled with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry, known as ligand fishing, has been gaining increasing interest from researchers. In this review, we summarized this emerging strategy and categorized those methods as off-line or on-line mode according to their features. The separation principles of ligand fishing were introduced based on distinct analytical techniques, including biochromatography, capillary electrophoresis, ultrafiltration, equilibrium dialysis, microdialysis, and magnetic beads. The applications of ligand fishing approaches in the discovery of lead compounds were reviewed. Most of ligand fishing methods display specificity, high efficiency, and require less sample pretreatment, which makes them especially suitable for screening active compounds from complex mixtures of natural products. We also summarized the applications of ligand fishing in the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and propose some perspectives of this remarkable technique.
The Impact of Impulsivity on Weight Loss Four Years after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Schag Kathrin , Mack Isabelle , Giel Katrin , Ölschläger Sabrina , Skoda Eva-Maria , Von Feilitzsch Maximilian , Zipfel Stephan , Teufel Martin
Published: November 2016

Bariatric surgery has serious implications on metabolic health. The reasons for a failure of bariatric surgery, i.e., limited weight loss, are multifactorial and include psychological factors. We established a theoretical model of how impulsivity is related to weight loss outcome. We propose that depressive symptoms act as a mediator between impulsivity and pathological eating behavior, and that pathological eating behavior has a direct impact on weight loss outcome. We calculated excessive weight loss (%EWL) and assessed self-reported impulsivity (using the Baratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) total score), depressive symptoms (the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score), and pathological eating behavior (the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2) total score) in 65 patients four years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Regression and mediation analyses were computed to validate the theoretical model. The BIS-15, PHQ-9, and EDI-2 have medium to high correlations between each other, and EDI-2 correlated with %EWL. The mediation analysis yielded that the PHQ-9 represents a significant mediator between BIS-15 and EDI-2. The regression model between EDI-2 and %EWL was also significant. These results support our theoretical model, i.e., suggest that impulsivity has an indirect impact on weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery, mediated by depression and transferred through pathological eating behavior. Thus, the underlying psychological factors should be addressed in post-operative care to optimize weight loss outcome.
The Potential of the Bi-Directional Gaze: A Call for Neuroscientific Research on the Simultaneous Activation of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems through Tantric Practice
Authors: Lidke Jeffrey
Published: November 2016

This paper is a call for the development of a neuroscientific research protocol for the study of the impact of Tantric practice on the autonomic nervous system. Tantric texts like Abhinavagupta’s Tantrāloka map out a complex meditative ritual system in which inward-gazing, apophatic, sense-denying contemplative practices are combined with outward-gazing, kataphatic sense-activating ritual practices. Abhinavagupta announces a culminating “bi-directional” state (pratimīlana-samādhi) as the highest natural state (sahaja-samādhi) in which the practitioner becomes a perfected yogi (siddhayogi). This state of maximized cognitive capacities, in which one’s inward gaze and outward world-engagement are held in balance, appears to be one in which the anabolic metabolic processes of the parasympathetic nervous system and the catabolic metabolic processes of the sympathetic nervous systems are simultaneously activated and integrated. Akin to secularized mindfulness and compassion training protocols like Emory’s CBCT, I propose the development of secularized “Tantric protocols” for the development of secular and tradition-specific methods for further exploring the potential of the human neurological system.
Transimmanence and the Im/possible Relationship between Eschatology and Transcendence
Authors: Verhoef Anné
Published: November 2016

Although we live in a post-metaphysical age, there is a renewed interest in transcendence, especially at the intersection of philosophy, religion, and theology. There are several reasons for this: among others, the important link that the future (eschatology) has with the unknown or that which lies beyond (transcendence). In this article, this relation between eschatology and transcendence is explored by analysing different concepts of transcendence and their possible relations to the future. Jacques Derrida and Catharine Malabou’s concepts of the future are used to shed light on the link between eschatology and transcendence as “impossible”. Secondly, Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of transimmanence is introduced, in an attempt to find such a possible link. A reconceptualisation of transcendence as transimmanence and a reconceptualisation of the future of eschatology as something “outside within”, facilitate a link between these terms, but the original or general meanings of these terms then become impossible. This outcome urges a rethinking of the meaning and role of transcendence, eschatology, and the future in our post-metaphysical age.
Prospective Analysis of Life-Cycle Indicators through Endogenous Integration into a National Power Generation Model
Authors: García-Gusano Diego , Martín-Gamboa Mario , Iribarren Diego , Dufour Javier
Published: November 2016

Given the increasing importance of sustainability aspects in national energy plans, this article deals with the prospective analysis of life-cycle indicators of the power generation sector through the case study of Spain. A technology-rich, optimisation-based model for power generation in Spain is developed and provided with endogenous life-cycle indicators (climate change, resources, and human health) to assess their evolution to 2050. Prospective performance indicators are analysed under two energy scenarios: a business-as-usual one, and an alternative scenario favouring the role of carbon dioxide capture in the electricity production mix by 2050. Life-cycle impacts are found to decrease substantially when existing fossil technologies disappear in the mix (especially coal thermal power plants). In the long term, the relatively high presence of natural gas arises as the main source of impact. When the installation of new fossil options without CO2 capture is forbidden by 2030, both renewable technologies and—to a lesser extent—fossil technologies with CO2 capture are found to increase their contribution to electricity production. The endogenous integration of life-cycle indicators into energy models proves to boost the usefulness of both life cycle assessment and energy systems modelling in order to support decision- and policy-making.
Development of a New BRDF-Resistant Vegetation Index for Improving the Estimation of Leaf Area Index
Authors: Zhang Su , Liu Liangyun , Liu Xinjie , Liu Zefei
Published: November 2016

The leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important Earth surface parameters used in the modeling of ecosystems and their interaction with climate. Numerous vegetation indices have been developed to estimate the LAI. However, because of the effects of the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), most of these vegetation indices are also sensitive to the effect of BRDF. In this study, we aim to present a new BRDF-resistant vegetation index (BRVI), which is sensitive to the LAI but insensitive to the effect of BRDF. Firstly, the BRDF effects of different bands were investigated using both simulated data and in-situ measurements of winter wheat made at different growth stages. We found bi-directional shape similarity in the solar principal plane between the green and the near-infrared (NIR) bands and between the blue and red bands for farmland soil conditions and with medium chlorophyll content level. Secondly, the consistency of the shape of the BRDF across different bands was employed to develop a new BRDF-resistant vegetation index for estimating the LAI. The reflectance ratios of the NIR band to the green band and the blue band to the red band were reasonably assumed to be resistant to the BRDF effects. Nevertheless, the variation amplitude of the bi-directional reflectance in the solar principal plane was different for different bands. The divisors in the two reflectance ratios were improved by combining the reflectances at the red and green bands. The new BRVI was defined as a normalized combination of the two improved reflectance ratios. Finally, the potential of the proposed BRVI for estimation of the LAI was evaluated using both simulated data and in-situ measurements and also compared to other popular vegetation indices. The results showed that the influence of the BRDF on the BRVI was the weakest and that the BRVI retrieved LAI values well, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84 and an RMSE of 0.83 for the field data and with an R2 of 0.97 and an RMSE of 0.25 for the simulated data. It was concluded, therefore, that the new BRVI is resistant to BRDF effect and is also promising for use in estimating the LAI.
Environmental and Anthropogenic Degradation of Vegetation in the Sahel from 1982 to 2006
Authors: Rishmawi Khaldoun , Prince Stephen
Published: November 2016

There is a great deal of debate on the extent, causes, and even the reality of land degradation in the Sahel. Investigations carried out before approximately 2000 using remote sensing data suggest widespread reductions in biological productivity, while studies extending beyond 2000 consistently reveal a net increase in vegetation production, strongly related to the recovery of rainfall following the extreme droughts of the 1970s and 1980s, and thus challenging the notion of widespread, long-term, subcontinental-scale degradation. Yet, the spatial variations in the rates of vegetation recovery are not fully explained by rainfall trends. It is hypothesized that, in addition to rainfall, other meteorological variables and human land use have contributed to vegetation dynamics. Throughout most of the Sahel, the interannual variability in growing season ΣNDVIgs (measured from satellites, used as a proxy of vegetation productivity) was strongly related to rainfall, humidity, and temperature (mean r2 = 0.67), but with rainfall alone was weaker (mean r2 = 0.41). The mean and upper 95th quantile (UQ) rates of change in ΣNDVIgs in response to climate were used to predict potential ΣNDVIgs—that is, the ΣNDVIgs expected in response to climate variability alone, excluding any anthropogenic effects. The differences between predicted and observed ΣNDVIgs were regressed against time to detect any long-term (positive or negative) trends in vegetation productivity. Over most of the Sahel, the trends did not significantly depart from what is expected from the trends in meteorological variables. However, substantial and spatially contiguous areas (~8% of the total area of the Sahel) were characterized by negative, and, in some areas, positive trends. To explore whether the negative trends were human-induced, they were compared with the available data of population density, land use, and land biophysical properties that are known to affect the susceptibility of land to degradation. The spatial variations in the trends of the residuals were partly related to soils and tree cover, but also to several anthropogenic pressures.
Improvement in Scoliosis Top View: Evaluation of Vertebrae Localization in Scoliotic Spine-Spine Axial Presentation
Authors: Główka Paweł , Gaweł Dominik , Kasprzak Bartosz , Nowak Michał , Kotwicki Tomasz
Published: November 2016

Morphological analysis of the scoliotic spine is based on two-dimensional X-rays: coronal and sagittal. The three-dimensional character of scoliosis has raised the necessity for analyzing scoliosis in three planes. We proposed a new user-friendly method of graphical presentation of the spine in the third plane–the Spine Axial Presentation (SAP). Eighty-five vertebrae of patients with scoliosis were analyzed. Due to different positions during X-rays (standing) and computer tomography (CT) (supine), the corresponding measurements cannot be directly compared. As a solution, a software creating Digital Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) from CT scans was developed to replace regular X-rays with DRRs. Based on the measurements performed on DRRs, the coordinates of vertebral bodies central points were defined. Next, the geometrical centers of vertebral bodies were determined on CT scans. The reproducibility of measurements was tested with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), using p = 0.05. The intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer reliability for vertebral body central point’s coordinates (x, y, z) were high for results obtained based on DRRs and CT scans, as well as for comparison results obtained based on DRR and CT scans. Based on two standard radiographs, it is possible to localize vertebral bodies in 3D space. The position of vertebral bodies can be present in the Spine Axial Presentation.
The Design and Analysis of a Secure Personal Healthcare System Based on Certificates
Authors: Kang Jungho , Chung Hague , Lee Jeongkyu , Park Jong
Published: November 2016

Due to the development of information technology (IT), it has been applied to various fields such as the smart home, medicine, healthcare, and the smart car. For these fields, IT has been providing continuous prevention and management, including health conditions beyond the mere prevention of disease, improving the quality of life. e-Healthcare is a health management and medical service to provide prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and the follow-up management of diseases at any time and place in connection with information communication technology, without requiring patients to visit hospitals. However, e-Healthcare has been exposed to eavesdropping, manipulation, and the forgery of information that is personal, biological, medical, etc., and is a security threat from malicious attackers. This study suggests a security service model to exchange personal health records (PHRs) for e-Healthcare environments. To be specific, this study suggests a scheme in which communicators are able to securely authorize and establish security channels by constituting the infrastructure each organization relies on. In addition, the possibility of establishing a security service model is indicated by suggesting an e-Healthcare system for a secure e-Healthcare environment as a secure personal health record system. This is anticipated to provide securer communication in e-Healthcare environments in the future through the scheme suggested in this study.
Rainwater Harvesting and Social Networks: Visualising Interactions for Niche Governance, Resilience and Sustainability
Authors: Ward Sarah , Butler David
Published: November 2016

Visualising interactions across urban water systems to explore transition and change processes requires the development of methods and models at different scales. This paper contributes a model representing the network interactions of rainwater harvesting (RWH) infrastructure innovators and other organisations in the UK RWH niche to identify how resilience and sustainability feature within niche governance in practice. The RWH network interaction model was constructed using a modified participatory social network analysis (SNA). The SNA was further analysed through the application of a two-part analytical framework based on niche management and the safe, resilient and sustainable (‘Safe and SuRe’) framework. Weak interactions between some RWH infrastructure innovators and other organisations highlighted reliance on a limited number of persuaders to influence the regime and landscape, which were underrepresented. Features from niche creation and management were exhibited by the RWH network interaction model, though some observed characteristics were not represented. Additional Safe and SuRe features were identified covering diverse innovation, responsivity, no protection, unconverged expectations, primary influencers, polycentric or adaptive governance and multiple learning-types. These features enable RWH infrastructure innovators and other organisations to reflect on improving resilience and sustainability, though further research in other sectors would be useful to verify and validate observation of the seven features.
Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Sharma Rahul , Sharma Vipul , Harith Gurunarayanan , Sivakumar Vaidyanathan , Krishnan Venkata
Published: November 2016

Photocatalytic activity of semiconductor nanostructures is gaining much importance in recent years in both energy and environmental applications. However, several parameters play a crucial role in enhancing or suppressing the photocatalytic activity through, for example, modifying the band gap energy positions, influencing the generation and transport of charge carriers and altering the recombination rate. In this regard, physical parameters such as the support material and the irradiation source can also have significant effect on the activity of the photocatalysts. In this work, we have investigated the role of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) support and the irradiation source on mixed metal chalcogenide semiconductor (CdS–ZnO) nanostructures. The photocatalyst material was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method and thoroughly characterized using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by studying the degradation of a model dye (methyl orange, MO) under visible light (only) irradiation and under natural sunlight. The results reveal that the RGO-supported CdS–ZnO photocatalyst performs considerably better than the unsupported CdS–ZnO nanostructures. In addition, both the catalysts perform significantly better under natural sunlight than under visible light (only) irradiation. In essence, this work paves way for tailoring the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor nanostructures.
THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON MEAN FLOW GENERATION BY ROTATING TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION
Authors: Currie Laura K.
Published: November 2016

Motivated by the significant interaction of convection, rotation, and magnetic field in many astrophysical objects, we investigate the interplay between large-scale flows driven by rotating convection and an imposed magnetic field. We utilize a simple model in two dimensions comprised of a plane layer that is rotating about an axis inclined to gravity. It is known that this setup can result in strong mean flows; we numerically examine the effect of an imposed horizontal magnetic field on such flows. We show that increasing the field strength in general suppresses the time-dependent mean flows, but in some cases it organizes them, leading to stronger time-averaged flows. Furthermore, we discuss the effect of the field on the correlations responsible for driving the flows and the competition between Reynolds and Maxwell stresses. A change in behavior is observed when the (fluid and magnetic) Prandtl numbers are decreased. In the smaller Prandtl number regime, it is shown that significant mean flows can persist even when the quenching of the overall flow velocity by the field is relatively strong.
MAGNETIC FLUX CANCELATION AS THE TRIGGER OF SOLAR QUIET-REGION CORONAL JETS
Authors: Panesar Navdeep K. , Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L. , Chakrapani Prithi
Published: November 2016

We report observations of 10 random on-disk solar quiet-region coronal jets found in high-resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and having good coverage in magnetograms from the SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Recent studies show that coronal jets are driven by the eruption of a small-scale filament (called a minifilament). However, the trigger of these eruptions is still unknown. In the present study, we address the question: what leads to the jet-driving minifilament eruptions? The EUV observations show that there is a cool-transition-region-plasma minifilament present prior to each jet event and the minifilament eruption drives the jet. By examining pre-jet evolutionary changes in the line of sight photospheric magnetic field, we observe that each pre-jet minifilament resides over the neutral line between majority-polarity and minority-polarity patches of magnetic flux. In each of the 10 cases, the opposite-polarity patches approach and merge with each other (flux reduction between 21% and 57%). After several hours, continuous flux cancelation at the neutral line apparently destabilizes the field holding the cool-plasma minifilament to erupt and undergo internal reconnection, and external reconnection with the surrounding coronal field. The external reconnection opens the minifilament field allowing the minifilament material to escape outward, forming part of the jet spire. Thus, we found that each of the 10 jets resulted from eruption of a minifilament following flux cancelation at the neutral line under the minifilament. These observations establish that magnetic flux cancelation is usually the trigger of quiet-region coronal jet eruptions.
Physics of Laser in Contemporary Visual Arts: the research protocol
Authors: Ahmedien Diaa
Published: November 2016

This protocol articulates an ongoing PhD thesis in Laser Art as an independent artistic trend including its history, classification criteria, philosophical and aesthetical aspects. Via several analytical studies theoretically and practically, the thesis is going to prove that laser art actively contributes, as an independent artistic trend, to change the conceptual definition of the artistic material. On the other hand, it bridges the gap between the artistic context and the technical issues, in which the conceptual values became fully integrated into the physical properties of the medium (laser beam), therefore it became impossible to separate the idea and the material of the artwork from each other. Besides, the thesis reveals the potential hidden conceptual and philosophical dimensions of the holographic art as one of the most important branches of laser art. In advanced step, the research suggestes a new model of interactive holographic art based on neural controlling system, and how this advanced approach can lead us towards a new kind of the aesthetic values, in which participants effectively contribute neurologically to constituting the artwork.
Pour une écologie humaine , de Patrick Geddes à Benton MacKaye
Authors: Maumi Catherine
Published: November 2016

La pensée de Patrick Geddes n’aurait sans doute jamais connu une telle fortune si de fidèles disciples ne s’étaient chargés de la diffuser, contribuant à l’enrichir en plus de la faire connaître. Lewis Mumford fut sans doute l’un des plus importants d’entre eux, pour les États-Unis tout au moins, où il introduisit les idées de Geddes dès les années 1920. La pensée geddesienne s’insinua d’autant plus facilement sur le continent nord-américain qu’elle faisait écho à des aspects constitutifs de la culture étasunienne. De ce fait, elle était en parfaite symbiose avec les réflexions conduites au cours des années 1920-1930 par tous ceux qui, comme Benton MacKaye, souhaitaient la mise en œuvre d’un mode d’habiter plus respectueux des écosystèmes en place, l’homme étant partie intégrante de ceux-ci.
John Turner, un architecte geddesien
Authors: Oyón José Luis , Serra-Permanyer Marta
Published: November 2016

Cet article explique l’influence décisive de Patrick Geddes sur John Turner, l’architecte britannique qui dans les années 1960 et 1970 sera mondialement connu pour avoir encouragé les usagers à l’autoconstruction du logement et de la ville. Cette inspiration durable et profonde implique aussi l’idée d’essayer de comprendre la relation de l’individu au milieu de son logement à travers une série de fonctions, et d’envisager la vie humaine dans une vision holistique. Cette conception holistique commence quand Turner est jeune pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et continue encore aujourd’hui.
La ville adaptative : la vision de Geddes dans l’évolution de Tel-Aviv (1948-2003)
Authors: Hoffmann Jérémie
Published: November 2016

Tel-Aviv, après sa création en 1909, continue son essor jusque dans les années 1930-1948 marquées par l’architecture moderne et la construction de la Ville blanche, sous l’influence de l’urbaniste Patrick Geddes. Il avait rédigé un rapport sur la ville en 1925, basé sur ses théories de l’évolution et ses recherches en biologie organique. La déclaration d’indépendance d’Israël en 1948 et les grandes vagues d’immigration entraînent des changements dans la physionomie d’une ville contrainte de s’adapter aux facteurs physiques et culturels nouveaux. La prise de conscience de l’importance de la conservation de la Ville blanche et sa patrimonialisation engendrent à leur tour d’autres changements d’un tissu urbain et d’une architecture uniques, établis selon les principes urbanistiques préconisés par Geddes dans son rapport. Les mécanismes d’adaptation sont analysés en fonction de ces processus de planification et de l’accueil du public.
Réinventer la posture historique : les débats théoriques à propos de la comparaison et des transferts
Authors: Charitonidou Marianna
Published: November 2016

Cet article présente les débats sur la comparaison en histoire. Il s’agit de revisiter les liens de la comparaison en histoire avec d’autres disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales. Les questions qui guident la présentation des débats théoriques sont les suivantes : Que signifie comparer en histoire, au-delà des débats sur la comparabilité des sources ? Comment la comparaison en histoire pourrait-elle désigner les transferts au-delà des cadres nationaux ? Comment les historiens se situent-ils par rapport aux autres disciplines à l’égard de la comparaison et des transferts culturels ? Quel est le contenu de leurs débats ? L’intention de retracer les distinctions entre la démarche comparée, l’histoire croisée, l’histoire connectée, l’étude des transferts et la démarche transnationale en histoire conduit le récit de cet article. En réexaminant les notions et leurs origines, et les relations entre les notions et les méthodes on vise, d’une part, à présenter les débats internes sur les « définitions » et, d’autre part, aborder les perspectives programmatiques des différentes postures historiographiques.
La négociation sociale du temps de travail : évolutions de ses objets et de ses configurations dans le contexte suisse
Authors: Bonvin Jean-Michel , Cianferoni Nicola , Martinelli Aris
Published: November 2016

Cet article étudie l’impact de la flexibilité temporelle sur les coordonnées de la négociation sociale dans le contexte suisse. Il s’agit notamment de voir à quel niveau – inter-organisationnel, intra-organisationnel ou interpersonnel – les diverses dimensions de cette flexibilité sont négociées et si les processus de décision prennent la forme d’une négociation distributive ou intégrative ou doivent au contraire être envisagés comme une prérogative des employeurs. Ces questions sont abordées à travers l’évocation de scènes ordinaires et d’épisodes conflictuels de négociation sociale au sein d’entreprises de l’industrie des machines et de la grande distribution.
Négocier l’ordre usinier ? Une usine Citroën dans les années 1968
Authors: Rouxel Pierre
Published: November 2016

Analysant le cas d’un site de production en Bretagne dans les années 1960 et 1970, cet article montre comment l’organisation traditionnelle du travail ouvrier basée sur la discipline industrielle et la maîtrise hiérarchique du processus productif s’articule avec une négociation des places et des statuts professionnels ouvriers au sein des ateliers de production. Dans le cadre de rapports d’étroite subordination, la mise en discussion de l’ordre usinier est limitée et conditionnée à la détention de ressources professionnelles spécifiques. Pour autant, l’instabilité des positions professionnelles née d’une gestion paternaliste de la main-d’œuvre conduit au développement dans les à-côtés du processus productif de négociations interpersonnelles entre ouvriers et hiérarchie intermédiaire pour l’obtention de rétributions professionnelles. Les conditions de possibilité et le contenu de ces négociations varient selon la qualité des liens personnalisés unissant les membres de l’atelier.
Cannabis : état des lieux des législations européennes sur l’usage
Authors: Obradovic Ivana
Published: November 2016

Les initiatives de régulation du cannabis prises depuis 2012 par certains États outre-Atlantique ont ravivé, en Europe, le débat sur le statut juridique du cannabis. Pourtant, les termes du problème restent souvent mal compris. Cette contribution fait œuvre de pédagogie, en proposant un lexique commenté et un état des lieux des législations sur l’usage et la détention de cannabis en vigueur en France et en Europe, assortis d’un bilan des évolutions les plus marquantes survenues ailleurs dans le monde. Elle s’attache également à rappeler certains faits mal connus : dépénaliser ne signifie pas nécessairement lever l’interdit ; le régime néerlandais repose sur une politique de « tolérance » et non pas une légalisation ; les régimes légaux en vigueur autour du cannabis, fort différenciés, apparaissent déconnectés des prévalences d’usage observées en population générale, etc.
Ayahuasca : l’importance du cadre et de l’intention lors de prise de psychédéliques
Authors: Bernard Jean-Charles
Published: November 2016

La boisson amazonienne ayahuasca génère de profonds états modifiés de conscience et s’ingère “traditionnellement” lors de rituels dans un but précis : apprentissage, guérison, divination... Le sens de l’expérience est consubstantiel au rituel dans la culture chamanique où l’accès au “monde-autre” appartient au champ des possibles. La globalisation de cette boisson a vu naître de nouveaux usages, tout d’abord dans les religions de l’ayahuasca au Brésil et dans les centres néo-psychothérapiques en Amérique du Sud, puis en “Occident” où de nouvelles intentions sont à l’œuvre : aide artistique, recherche médicale, développement personnel... mais aussi “prises sauvages” décontextualisées, sans but, où le cadre est inexistant et l’expérience ne peut prendre sens. Cette illustration transculturelle de l’importance du cadre lors de la prise de substance psychédélique pointe la nécessité d’un cadre minimum de sécurité et questionne la réponse législative actuelle.
La violence de l’impératif du bien-être. Bio-Autres, missions de sauvetage et justice sociale
Authors: Rail Geneviève
Published: November 2016

Dans nos sociétés néolibérales, le « bien-être » est conçu de façon strictement individuelle. Il s’intègre dans un discours dominant et se nourrit de la biomédicalisation pour contribuer à une « biomoralité » violente à la fois sur les plans symbolique, physique et social. On fait appel aux technologies numériques pour renforcer le développement et le maintien du bien-être par l’autocontrôle, l’autodiagnostic et des méthodes skinnériennes pour apprendre à agir sur son propre bien-être. L’impératif du bien-être repousse l’engagement politique et conduit plutôt à la construction sociale d’un biocitoyen en forme, heureux et productif, ainsi qu’à celle de son opposé, le bio-Autre, un moins-que-citoyen en mauvaise forme physique, mal en point et improductif. Dans cet essai, je présente une analyse féministe et poststructuraliste qui s’intéresse aux discours et aux relations de pouvoir dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines. Je présente ensuite une critique de la violence des interventions prétendument « humanitaires » pour sauver l’« abject » bio-Autre. Je discute des « missions de sauvetage » mal conçues dans le domaine de la santé publique. De telles missions exacerbent les divisions de classe et reproduisent des hiérarchies patriarcales et coloniales. Je m’interroge sur l’instrumentalisation des activités physiques et sportives dans le plan commercial global qui, au nom du bien-être, vise la conquête de nouveaux marchés. Je conclus l’essai par des réflexions sur la place de la sociologie du sport dans le projet plus vaste de justice et de bien-être social.
Peer aggression in soccer (football) in Quebec among U12 to U18 elite players of sport study programs: differences according to age and player’s role
Authors: Gendron Martin , Frenette Eric
Published: November 2016

La présente étude vise à dresser un état de la situation lié à la présence de comportements d’agression perçus (intimidation verbale, intimidation physique, violence physique) par des joueurs de soccer (football) U12 à U18 de programmes scolaires sport-études québécois de niveau élite en fonction de leur âge et de leur rôle dans les agressions entre pairs (témoin, victime, agresseur). Le QECSA (Gendron, Debarbieux, Bodin et Frenette, 2006) a été complété par 609 joueurs de soccer de niveau U12 à U18 (61 % garçons, 39 % filles), âgés entre 12 et 17 ans. L’état de la situation est étudié à partir de la prévalence de chacun des trois types d’agression, et ce, selon l’âge et les différents rôles du joueur. Des ANOVA à mesures répétées indiquent une augmentation de la prévalence de chaque type d’agression, pour chaque rôle, en fonction de l’âge, se stabilisant après 14-15 ans, excepté pour les témoins d’intimidation verbale qui continue d’augmenter. Pour chaque type d’agression, les joueurs sont plus nombreux à s’identifier dans le rôle de témoin, que de victime ou que d’agresseur. L’interaction (rôle du joueur et âge) est significative pour les échelles d’intimidation physique et de violence physique. Ces résultats sont discutés en fonction de la littérature existante.
Teaching Practices and Symbolic Violence: The Case of Racket Sports at School
Authors: Dieu Olivier , Joing Isabelle , Drumez Elodie
Published: November 2016

L’hypothèse de notre travail est la suivante : les pratiques scolaires d’intervention en sport de raquette seraient porteuses de violences symboliques dans la mesure où elles ne prendraient pas en compte le sens de la mobilisation in situ des élèves. Deux études ont été réalisées : une première, centrée sur le discours de 394 étudiants, examine le décalage entre les pratiques vécues et souhaitées en tennis de table ainsi que le plaisir perçu dans cette activité ; une deuxième, centrée sur l’action, compare la structure temporelle de 1844 points joués par 40 étudiants classés selon cinq registres d’intention de jeu en badminton. Les résultats montrent, d’une part, un décalage entre les dispositifs des enseignants et les activités porteuses de plaisir chez les élèves et un score moyen de plaisir perçu significativement faible en tennis de table (3,7) par rapport à l’EPS en général (5,3). D’autre part, le rythme du jeu en badminton diffère significativement entre les 5 registres d’intention de jeu ( p  < 0,0001) alors que les pratiques usuelles d’enseignement sont plutôt orientées vers un temps de jeu unique. La discussion invite à réfléchir à des stratégies enseignantes davantage “responsables” que la traditionnelle montante-descendante au temps.
Attention : femmes à bord !
Authors: Grövel Angèle , Stevanovic Jasmina
Published: November 2016

La profession d’officier de la Marine marchande est considérée et vécue comme une profession à risques. La navigation sur les navires de commerce présente deux grandes classes de dangers : les premiers sont générés par la mer, élément imprévisible par excellence ; les seconds procèdent de l’immersion prolongée d’un équipage dans un espace clos et restreint. La composition exclusivement masculine des équipages constituait jusqu’à récemment une autre caractéristique de la profession. La récente féminisation est tantôt considérée comme un outil du maintien de l’ordre du genre et tantôt perçue comme une menace à maîtriser. À partir de deux enquêtes réalisées auprès d’officier-e-s, cet article se propose d’interroger les usages et les effets de la féminisation sur les rapports et les conduites à risque à bord des navires.
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema After Recent, Frequent, and Chronic Bevacizumab: The ROTATE Trial
Authors: Fechter Chelsea , Frazier Heather , Marcus William B. , Farooq Amina , Singh Harinderjit , Marcus Dennis M.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.3 mg ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after recent, chronic, and frequent bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Open-label, prospective study of 0.3 mg ranibizumab for eyes with persistent DME after bevacizumab. Thirty eyes randomized to a sustained group or a pro re nata (PRN) dosing group.

RESULTS:

The mean change in ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity from baseline to 1 year was +6.7 letters in the sustained group, +6.4 letters in the PRN group, and +6.5 letters overall. There was an overall mean reduction of 116 µm from baseline central subfield thickness at 1 year, with −92 µm and −127 µm decreases in the sustained and PRN groups, respectively. Adverse events included two deaths; one patient with multiple cardiopulmonary comorbidities, myocardial infarction, stroke, osteomyelitis; and mild posterior subcapsular cataracts in two eyes.

CONCLUSION:

Ranibizumab 0.3 mg demonstrated improved visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with persistent DME following bevacizumab.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1030–1037.]
Análisis del aparato decorativo del sacrarium hallado en la Casa del Larario de Bilbilis (Calatayud, Zaragoza)
Authors: Íñiguez Berrozpe Lara
Published: November 2016

A continuación presentamos un análisis del aparato pictórico presente en la capilla para culto doméstico, el sacrarium, hallada in situ en la Casa del Larario del yacimiento romano de Bilbilis. Una banal decoración pictórica permitió que la atención del espectador se centrara en la ornamentación figurada realizada en estuco. Así, una serie de personajes mitológicos, transmisores de un lenguaje simbólico totalmente intencionado, interceptan las molduras y cornisas que en su día recorrieron y por tanto decoraron dicha estancia y también el larario que a modo de altar estaba inserto al fondo del ambiente objeto de nuestro estudio.
El anfiteatro de Contributa Iulia Ugultunia. Identificación y primer análisis arqueológico
Authors: Pizzo Antonio , Mateos Pedro , Mayoral Victorino
Published: November 2016

En este estudio se presenta el hallazgo de un anfiteatro romano en la ciudad de Contributa Iulia Ugultunia, en el noroeste de la Baetica. Las primeras investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el edificio han permitido su identificación a partir de la aplicación de una batería de técnicas no destructivas. La realización de una serie de sondeos arqueológicos han confirmado los trabajos de prospección y facilitado un primer análisis arquitectónico de este nuevo anfiteatro que se añade a los conocidos en la península Ibérica. Esta primera publicación del anfiteatro de Contributa Iulia Ulgultunia presenta un complejo arquitectónico fácilmente adscrito a una tipología específica de edificios de espectáculo que, sin embargo, presenta soluciones arquitectónicas peculiares que plantean una serie de hipótesis sobre las capacidades técnicas de los ejecutores y la dicotomía existente entre la planificación teórica y la ejecución material del anfiteatro.
Il dibattito in bioetica - Cellule staminali embrionali: etica biomedica, attività giornalistica ed interessi economici
Authors: Zurriaràin Roberto Germàn
Published: November 2016

Non disponibile / Not available
Il dibattito in bioetica - Mechanism of action of the morning-after pill
Authors: Aznar Justo
Published: November 2016

Non disponibile / Not available
Il dibattito in bioetica - Pratiche ipobariche/ipossiche e doping: regolamento sportivo e normativa penale
Authors: Chiarotti Marcello , Mele Vincenza
Published: November 2016

Non disponibile / Not available
A progressive strategy for Bioethics
Authors: Tambone Vittoradolfo , Di Stefano Nicola
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we aim to show that behind the utilization of a progressive rhetoric always lies a progressive existential behavior. Therefore, starting from the linguistic level of rhetoric, we move to the anthropological one. Here we present three fundamental elements for promoting a progressive strategy for bioethics: 1. to strongly desire that the world should develop in a specific way, which represents the starting point for any further progressive attitude towards life. For this reason, we react against any standardized way of thinking, which really destroy the necessity of a personal thinking; 2. to have a long-term-mission in bioethics, or “Meta-Project”. The Meta-Project shows a clear target and orients every single project toward the global target; 3. to translate medieval terms of the debate into more understandable and common terms. It is a worthwhile goal, if bioethics wish for a real dialogue with modern sensitivity. In conclusion, we underline the importance of having a deep and personal way of thinking, from which a progressive attitude towards life should properly grow. For this reason, the analytic methodology may help in facing classical problems.
Il dibattito in bioetica - Contraceptives and thrombosis. Are women well informed about the risks of using certain types of contraceptives?
Authors: Aznar Justo , Tudela Julio
Published: November 2016

Non disponibile / Not available
Graduate-Assistant Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of the Supervisor's Role in Professional Socialization: Part II
Authors: Thrasher Ashley B. , Walker Stacy E. , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Mulvihill Thalia
Published: November 2016

Context: Many new athletic trainers (ATs) obtain graduate-assistant (GA) positions to gain more experience and professional development while being mentored by a veteran AT; however, GA ATs' perceptions of the supervisor's role in professional development are unknown.

Objective: To explore the supervisor's role in the professional development of GAs in the collegiate setting.

Design: Qualitative study.

Setting: Phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants: A total of 19 collegiate GAs (15 women, 4 men; average age = 23 ± 0.15 years; National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I = 13, II = 3, III = 2; National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics = 2; postprofessional athletic training program = 5).

Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected via phone interviews and transcribed verbatim. Interviews were conducted until data saturation occurred. Data were analyzed through phenomenologic reduction. Trustworthiness was established via member checks and peer review.

Results: Three themes emerged: (1) GAs' expectations of supervisors, (2) professional development, and (3) mentoring and support. Participants expected their supervisors to provide mentorship, support, and feedback to help them improve their athletic training skills, but they also realized supervisors were busy with patient care responsibilities. Most participants felt their supervisors were available, but others believed their supervisors were too busy to provide support and feedback. Participants felt their supervisors provided professional development by teaching them new skills and socializing them into the profession. Furthermore, they thought their supervisors provided mentorship professionally, personally, and clinically. Supervisors supported the participants by standing behind them in clinical decisions and having open-door policies.

Conclusions: The graduate assistantship allows new ATs to gain experience while pursuing professional development, mentorship, and support from a supervisor. The extent of development is highly dependent on the supervisor, but most supervisors mentor GAs. When looking for graduate assistantships, future GAs should seek positions in which supervisors actively provide mentoring and professional development.
Petrographic, physico-chemical, and coal facies studies of ten major seams of the Sydney Coalfield of Nova Scotia
Authors: Hacquebard P A
Published: November 2016

Coal compositional data based on coal petrological analyses of ten major coal seams (0.9-4.3 m thick) in the Sydney coalfield have been presented. Projections are given for pyrite distribution, type of banding, coal strength, methane adsorption potential, and
coal facies interpretations. Included also are detailed ash and sulphur analyses and coal rank data.
The occurrence and properties of thermal and metallurgical coal and the resultant coke are indicated. The updated calculations of coal resource estimates of the Sydney coalfield show the total "demonstrated resources" amount to 1133 million tonnes of which 66% is classed as thermal coal and
34% as metallurgical coal.