bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Jewish Diaspora in Greco-Roman Antiquity
Authors: Rajak Tessa
Published: March 2018

The term “diaspora” is nowadays used in connection with many different groups and peoples. Greek-speaking Judaism provides early models of diasporic self-consciousness and techniques for political and cultural survival, including forms of quiet resistance available to the un-empowered. This essay examines the impact of the diaspora on the evolving self-understandings of what it means to be Jewish, with both ethnic and religious elements. The writings of Josephus and Philo, Paul and Luke-Acts reveal striking religious diversity and a lively awareness of the role of ruling powers in the formation and flourishing of a people in diaspora.
Movement, Performance, and Choice in Earliest Christianity
Authors: Marquis Tim Luckritz
Published: March 2018

In dialogue with contemporary issues of movement and social change, this article examines traditions preserved in the New Testament about the commissioning of the first itinerant preachers of the gospel and whether or not apostles voluntarily took on such impoverished travel. The article proposes that an examination of the performative nature of apostolic travel challenges our modern notions of agency and choice, particularly in regard to issues of justice. By focusing on the versions of and allusions to Jesus’s commission preserved in the Synoptic sayings source Q (Luke 10:1–12//Matt 10:5–15) and 1 Cor 9:14, we can retrieve early reflections on how itinerant preaching reframes the individual and society. Subversive demands for justice reveal how individuals are constrained by their contexts and offer a vision of the future in the present.
Etching Efficacy of Self-Etching Functional Monomers
Authors: Yoshihara K. , Hayakawa S. , Nagaoka N. , Okihara T. , Yoshida Y. , Van Meerbeek B.
Published: March 2018

Besides chemically interacting with hard tooth tissue, acidic functional monomers of self-etch adhesives should etch the prepared tooth surface to dissolve the smear layer and to provide surface micro-retention. Although the etching efficacy of functional monomers is commonly determined in terms of pH, the pH of adhesives cannot accurately be measured. Better is to measure the hydroxyapatite (HAp)–dissolving capacity, also considering that functional monomers may form monomer-Ca salts. Here, the etching efficacy of 6 functional monomers (GPDM, phenyl-P, MTEGP, 4-META, 6-MHP and 10-MDP) was investigated. Solutions containing 15 wt% monomer, 45 wt% ethanol, and 40 wt% water were prepared. Initially, we observed enamel surfaces exposed to monomer solution by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to detect monomer-Ca salt formation. Phenyl-P exhibited a strong etching effect, while 10-MDP–treated enamel showed substance deposition, which was identified by XRD as 10-MDP–Ca salt. To confirm these SEM/XRD findings, we determined the etching efficacy of functional monomers by measuring both the concentration of Ca released from HAp using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the amount of monomer-Ca salt formation using 31P magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ICP-AES revealed that the highest Ca concentration was produced by phenyl-P and the lowest Ca concentration, almost equally, by 4-META and 10-MDP. Only 10-MDP formed 10-MDP–Ca salts, indicating that 10-MDP released more Ca from HAp than was measured by ICP-AES. Part of the released Ca was consumed to form 10-MDP–Ca salts. It is concluded that the repeatedly reported higher bonding effectiveness of 10-MDP–based adhesives must not only be attributed to the more intense chemical bonding of 10-MDP but also to its higher etching potential, a combination the other functional monomers investigated lack.
Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive for seamless bonding of nylon fabric part I: effect of a functional monomer
Authors: Kuo Chung-Feng Jeffrey , Chen Jiong-Bo , Lin Pin-Hua , Yen Hui-Ting
Published: March 2018

This study synthesized a series of prepolymers from butyl acrylate and functional monomer with various side-chain structures. A bulk polymerization process was then applied under ultraviolet irradiation. The molecular structure of the prepolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The degradation temperature and glass transition temperature ( Tg) were examined. The prepolymer was employed to the acrylic hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) and the corresponding adhesive performance was presented. In this study, glycidyl methacrylate was considered to be an effective cross-linking agent for acrylic HMPSAs containing carboxylic acid groups. The prepolymer containing carboxylic acid synthesized acrylic HMPSAs exhibited high adhesion in peel strength and shear strength compared to the hydroxyethyl group. The adhesive performance of HMPSAs in different environments was also investigated.
What Causes Racial Health Care Disparities? A Mixed-Methods Study Reveals Variability in How Health Care Providers Perceive Causal Attributions
Authors: Gollust Sarah E. , Cunningham Brooke A. , Bokhour Barbara G. , Gordon Howard S. , Pope Charlene , Saha Somnath S. , Jones Dina M. , Do Tam , Burgess Diana J.
Published: March 2018

Progress to address health care equity requires health care providers’ commitment, but their engagement may depend on their perceptions of the factors contributing to inequity. To understand providers’ perceptions of causes of racial health care disparities, a short survey was delivered to health care providers who work at 3 Veterans Health Administration sites, followed by qualitative interviews (N = 53). Survey data indicated that providers attributed the causes of disparities to social and economic conditions more than to patients’ or providers’ behaviors. Qualitative analysis revealed differences in the meaning that participants ascribed to these causal factors. Participants who believed providers contribute to disparities discussed race and racism more readily, identified the mechanisms through which disparities emerge, and contextualized patient-level factors more than those who believed providers contributed less to disparities. Differences in provider understanding of the underlying causal factors suggest a multidimensional approach to engage providers in health equity efforts.
From Fort George to the Fields: The Public Space and Military Geography of Revolutionary New York City
Authors: McCurdy John Gilbert
Published: March 2018

Drawing on the literature of public space and military geography, this article explores the martial and civilian places of New York City on the eve of the American Revolution. Whereas martial and civilian places were largely undistinguished in New York before 1750, the arrival of British troops and the repositioning of New York as the center of British military power in North America initiated a process whereby New Yorkers debated if these two should be separated. While military commanders and local officials attempted to protect private spaces like the home through a joint martial-civilian occupation of public spaces with the construction of barracks, the Sons of Liberty contested this use of space and sought to evict the British soldiers. Ultimately, the Battle of Golden Hill and other clashes between soldiers and civilians forced leaders to segregate the city’s places, thereby removing all military geography from the city.
Age and Social Support Seeking: Understanding the Role of Perceived Social Costs to Others
Authors: Jiang Li , Drolet Aimee , Kim Heejung S.
Published: March 2018

We examined age differences in the use of different types of social support and the reasons for these differences. We found that older adults (age 60+) seek explicit social support less compared with young adults (age 18-25), but there is no difference in implicit social support seeking. Concerns about the potential social costs of seeking explicit support mediate the age differences in explicit social support seeking. Whereas young adults view this strategy as conferring more benefits than costs, older adults have a more balanced view of the costs and benefits of explicit social support seeking. Older and young adults do not differ in perceptions of the relative costs versus benefits of implicit social support seeking. Finally, we found older adults benefit more from implicit (vs. explicit) social support emotionally than young adults, which further explains why age groups differ in their use of explicit versus implicit social support.
Public diplomacy as political communication: Lessons from case studies
Authors: Ociepka Beata
Published: March 2018

Studies on public diplomacy have been quite advanced since at least 2001. The public diplomacy phenomenon attracted the attention of researchers as more and more governments implemented public diplomacy as a tool of their foreign policy. This article aims to summarize the author’s case studies and to discuss the impact that research on public diplomacy has on the understanding of political communication. The analyses were built on definitions of political communication by Denton and Woodward and by McNair. While discussing the New Public Diplomacy model as political communication, the author implemented a network approach to frame the concept.
Influence in the political Twitter sphere: Authority and retransmission in the 2015 and 2016 Spanish General Elections
Authors: Baviera Tomás
Published: March 2018

Candidates, parties, media and citizens have the same ability to post tweets. For this reason, mapping the dynamics of interaction among users is essential to evaluate the processes of influence in an electoral campaign. However, characterising these aspects requires methodologies that consider the interconnections generated by users globally. The discipline of social network analysis provides the concepts of centrality and modularity, both very suitable for the context of network communication. This article analyses the political conversation on Twitter during the 2015 and 2016 General Elections in Spain, in which four candidates with significant popularity in the electorate participated. Two corpora of 8.9 million and 9.7 million tweets were collected from each campaign, respectively, to analyse the networks of mentions and retweets. The network of mentions appears more blurred than that of retweets, allowing us to better estimate users’ partisan preference. The graphs of the network of retweets show a strong internal activity within clusters, and the proximity between them reflects the ideological axis of each party.
Comparing CISNET Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Predictions to Observed Clinical Trial Results of Mammography Screening from Ages 40 to 49
Authors: van den Broek Jeroen J. , van Ravesteyn Nicolien T. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. , Huang Hui , Ergun Mehmet Ali , Burnside Elizabeth S. , Xu Cong , Li Yisheng , Alagoz Oguzhan , Lee Sandra J. , Stout Natasha K. , Song Juhee , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Plevritis Sylvia K. , Moss Sue M. , de Koning Harry J.
Published: March 2018

Background. The UK Age trial compared annual mammography screening of women ages 40 to 49 years with no screening and found a statistically significant breast cancer mortality reduction at the 10-year follow-up but not at the 17-year follow-up. The objective of this study was to compare the observed Age trial results with the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) breast cancer model predicted results. Methods. Five established CISNET breast cancer models used data on population demographics, screening attendance, and mammography performance from the Age trial together with extant natural history parameters to project breast cancer incidence and mortality in the control and intervention arm of the trial. Results. The models closely reproduced the effect of annual screening from ages 40 to 49 years on breast cancer incidence. Restricted to breast cancer deaths originating from cancers diagnosed during the intervention phase, the models estimated an average 15% (range across models, 13% to 17%) breast cancer mortality reduction at the 10-year follow-up compared with 25% (95% CI, 3% to 42%) observed in the trial. At the 17-year follow-up, the models predicted 13% (range, 10% to 17%) reduction in breast cancer mortality compared with the non-significant 12% (95% CI, -4% to 26%) in the trial. Conclusions. The models underestimated the effect of screening on breast cancer mortality at the 10-year follow-up. Overall, the models captured the observed long-term effect of screening from age 40 to 49 years on breast cancer incidence and mortality in the UK Age trial, suggesting that the model structures, input parameters, and assumptions about breast cancer natural history are reasonable for estimating the impact of screening on mortality in this age group.
Modeling Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): An Overview of CISNET Model Approaches
Authors: van Ravesteyn Nicolien T. , van den Broek Jeroen J. , Li Xiaoxue , Weedon-Fekjær Harald , Schechter Clyde B. , Alagoz Oguzhan , Huang Xuelin , Weaver Donald L. , Burnside Elizabeth S. , Punglia Rinaa S. , de Koning Harry J. , Lee Sandra J.
Published: March 2018

Background. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be a precursor to invasive breast cancer. Since the advent of screening mammography in the 1980’s, the incidence of DCIS has increased dramatically. The value of screen detection and treatment of DCIS, however, is a matter of controversy, as it is unclear the extent to which detection and treatment of DCIS prevents invasive disease and reduces breast cancer mortality. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of existing Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modelling Network (CISNET) modeling approaches for the natural history of DCIS, and to compare these to other modeling approaches reported in the literature. Design. Five of the 6 CISNET models currently include DCIS. Most models assume that some, but not all, lesions progress to invasive cancer. The natural history of DCIS cannot be directly observed and the CISNET models differ in their assumptions and in the data sources used to estimate the DCIS model parameters. Results. These model differences translate into variation in outcomes, such as the amount of overdiagnosis of DCIS, with estimates ranging from 34% to 72% for biennial screening from ages 50 to 74 y. The other models described in the literature also report a large range in outcomes, with progression rates varying from 20% to 91%. Limitations. DCIS grade was not yet included in the CISNET models. Conclusion. In the future, DCIS data by grade from active surveillance trials, the development of predictive markers of progression probability, and evidence from other screening modalities, such as tomosynthesis, may be used to inform and improve the models’ representation of DCIS, and might lead to convergence of the model estimates. Until then, the CISNET model results consistently show a considerable amount of overdiagnosis of DCIS, supporting the safety and value of observational trials for low-risk DCIS.
Beyond Responsivity: Client Service Engagement in a Reentry Demonstration Program
Authors: Sachs Nicole M. , Miller Joel
Published: March 2018

The specific responsivity principle advises us to provide offenders with treatment that takes into account their responsiveness to treatment, tied for example to their learning style, motivation, and gender. We examine challenges to service engagement and attendance in a community-based program in a reentry setting, and consider how far they correspond with these factors. Drawing on qualitative accounts of parolee engagement in services provided by parolees, service providers, case managers, and parole officers, we identify a number of difficulties faced by clients. These include logistical factors that affect clients’ physical ability to enroll in or attend programming (such as documentation, employment needs, and transportation problems) as well as elements of program and service delivery (such as client–provider matching, therapeutic style, and curriculum factors). We conclude that we should look beyond responsivity and consider logistical factors alongside the better-recognized psychological and dispositional factors, to understand client engagement in the context of reentry.
Does Greater Trochanter Decortication Affect Suture Anchor Pullout Strength in Abductor Tendon Repairs? A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Putnam Jill G. , Chhabra Anikar , Castañeda Paulo , Walker J. Brock , Barber Collin C. , Lendrum James A. , Hartigan David E.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Greater trochanter decortication is frequently performed at the time of abductor tendon repair to theoretically increase healing potential. No previous studies have determined the effect that greater trochanter decortication has on the pullout strength of suture anchors.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether greater trochanter decortication and bone mineral density affect suture anchor pullout strength in abductor tendon repair. The authors hypothesize that both will have a significant detrimental effect on suture anchor pullout strength.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nineteen cadaveric proximal femurs with accompanying demographic data and computed tomography scans were skeletonized to expose the greater trochanter. Bone density measurements were acquired by converting Hounsfield units to T-score, based on a standardized volumetric sample in the intertrochanteric region of the femur. The gluteus medius insertion site on the lateral facet of the greater trochanter was evenly divided into 2 regions, anterior-distal and posterior-proximal, and each region was randomly assigned to receive either no decortication or 2 mm of bone decortication. A single biocomposite anchor was implanted in each region and initially tested with cyclic loading for 10 cycles at 0-50 N, 0-100 N, 0-150 N, and 0-200 N, followed by load to failure (LTF) tested at 1 mm/s. For each trial, the number of cycles endured, LTF, mechanism of failure, and stiffness were recorded.

Results:

Greater trochanters with no decortication and 2 mm of decortication survived a mean ± SD 35.1 ± 6.4 and 28.5 ± 10.6 cycles, respectively ( P < .01). Load to failure for nondecorticated specimens was 206.7 ± 75.0 N versus 152.3 ± 60.2 N for decorticated specimens ( P < .001). In a multivariate analysis, decortication and bone density were determinants in LTF ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Decortication and decreased bone mineral density significantly decreased the pullout strength of suture anchors in the lateral facet of the greater trochanter.

Clinical Relevance:

Bone density should be considered when determining whether to perform greater trochanter decortication in abductor tendon repairs.
Morphogenesis and animistic moments: On social formation and territorial production
Authors: Mubi Brighenti Andrea , Kärrholm Mattias
Published: March 2018

This article explores the issue of morphogenesis and metamorphosis in socio-spatial formations. The specific key is what we propose to call the ‘animistic moment’ in form-taking processes. We believe that a conceptualisation of animistic moments might help us to focus better not simply on the coming about of new forms, but also on the power forms are endowed with. The general social-theoretical horizon for the essay is an approach to social collectives as forms of territorialisation and territorial stabilisation. We suggest that an inquiry into the genesis and the transformation of forms through animistic moments might also be employed in the study of an array of processes of social territorialisation. In this article, we look in particular at two examples of the materialisation and animation of social-territorial boundaries: the first relates to the architectural construction of brick arches and walls, while the second relates to urban warfare and the demolition of urban walls.
War and social attitudes
Authors: Barclay Child Travers , Nikolova Elena
Published: March 2018

We study the long-run effects of conflict on social attitudes, with World War II in Central and Eastern Europe as our setting. Much of earlier work has relied on self-reported measures of victimization, which are prone to endogenous misreporting. With our own survey-based measure, we replicate established findings linking victimization to political participation, civic engagement, optimism, and trust. Those findings are reversed, however, when tested instead with an objective measure of victimization based on historical reference material. Thus, we urge caution when interpreting survey-based results from this literature as causal.
Expanding the Concept of Lead Users as Collaborators in Functional Apparel Design
Authors: Morris Kristen , Ashdown Susan
Published: March 2018

When designing performance apparel, product developers often engage with users to ensure product appropriateness. The key problem is knowing which users have the potential to make valuable contributions in the apparel product development process. In this study, the authors explore lead users (LUs) as a subset of end users who have potential to develop innovative and commercially attractive products in other markets. In three sequential studies, the researchers explored LUs by first developing a measure to identify LUs. In the second study, product concepts developed by LUs in a collaborative design scenario were evaluated; and in the third study, prototypes of user-generated ideas were assessed in wear trials. This research was grounded in a functional design question of how to maintain thermal comfort during physical activity in cold weather. In the results of the studies, there was evidence that users who exhibit high LU and intrinsic motivation traits develop apparel designs that are highly evaluated by users.
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, morphology, and tensile properties of polyphenylene sulfide/functionalized graphite nanoplatelets composites
Authors: Xing Jian , Xu Zhenzhen , Ruan Fangtao , Deng Bingyao
Published: March 2018

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/graphite nanoplates (GNPs) nanocomposites were manufactured by simple melt compounding. The GNPs were first functionalized using synthesized benzimidazolium salt to improve the compatibility with PPS matrix. The functionalized GNPs showed an exfoliated dispersion in PPS matrix, which also could significantly improve the tensile properties of composites. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PPS/functionalized GNPs composites. The results showed that the PPS/functionalized GNPs composites always had a higher crystallization peak temperature ( Tc) than pure PPS resin at different cooling rates due to the addition of GNPs. The GNPs could also play the role of heterogeneous nucleating agents to accelerate the crystallization; however, at high content, they could also limit the mobility of PPS macromolecular chains and hinder the crystallization. The Mo equation could be used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, whereas the Ozawa equation was not suitable for the nonisothermal crystallization process. Consistent with a previous analysis, the results also showed that the addition of GNPs could also decrease the crystallization activation energy ( Ec) of PPS resin at low content while increasing the Ec at high content.
Three-dimensional aero-thermo-elasticity analysis of functionally graded cylindrical shell panels
Authors: Fazilati Jamshid , Khalafi Vahid , Shahverdi Hossein
Published: March 2018

In the present paper, the aero-thermo-elastic behavior of a finite (three-dimensional) cylindrical curved panel geometry made from functionally graded material under high supersonic airflow is investigated. A generalized differential quadrature formulation is adopted while a steady-state through-the-thickness thermal field is also assumed. The geometry curvature and structural nonlinearity effects are included based on von Karman–Donnell strain–displacement relations. The nonlinear piston theory of third order is utilized in order to predict the unsteady aerodynamics loads induced from surrounding supersonic air stream. The functionally graded material is considered with temperature-dependent properties distributed in the thickness according to a power law function. Derived from the equilibrium equations, the aero-thermo-elastic governing equations are reduced to number of ordinary differential equations through using of the generalized differential quadrature method where the structure response is derived using fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique. The contribution of some parameters including flow Mach number, flow dynamic pressure, thickness temperature gradient, and functionally graded material volume fraction index on the flutter response as well as route-to-chaos behavior are reviewed. The calculated results are compared with those available in the literature wherever available and the accuracy and quality of the adopted generalized differential quadrature formulation in analyzing the aero-thermo-elastic behavior of three-dimensional functionally graded curved panels is shown. It reveals that using a three-dimensional approach, if any of Mach number and panel’s upper surface temperature is increased, the route-to-chaos behavior is reached through quasi-periodic motions.
Let It Go: Lingering Negative Affect in Response to Daily Stressors Is Associated With Physical Health Years Later
Authors: Leger Kate A. , Charles Susan T. , Almeida David M.
Published: March 2018

The way we respond to life’s daily stressors has strong implications for our physical health. Researchers have documented the detrimental effects of initial emotional reactivity to daily stressors on future physical health outcomes but have yet to examine the effects of emotions that linger after a stressor occurs. The current study investigated how negative affect that lingers the day after a minor stressor occurs is associated with health-related outcomes. Participants ( N = 1,155) in a community-based, nationwide study answered questions about daily stressors and affect across 8 consecutive days and about their physical health almost 10 years later. Multilevel models indicated that people experience heightened levels of negative affect the day after a stressor occurs. Furthermore, higher levels of lingering negative affect are associated with greater numbers of chronic conditions and worse functional limitations 10 years later. Findings suggest that affective recovery from daily stressors has unique importance for long-term physical health.
Personal Communication Ties and Organizational Collaborations in Networks of Science, Education, and Business
Authors: Basov Nikita , Minina Vera
Published: March 2018

The literature suggests that the success of innovation clusters is based on personal networks that connect members of scientific, educational, and business organizations, stimulating more formalized cross-boundary collaborations between the three sectors. But it is still unclear if such organizational collaborations actually correspond with these personal ties and which aspects of personal communication are most strongly associated with organizational collaborations. To investigate these issues, the authors applied network analysis to study an innovation cluster in Algarve, Portugal. They found that cross-boundary organizational collaborations corresponded with personal ties. Moreover, they found that collaborations appeared to correlate most strongly with emotional attachments between individuals.
Hospitalization Outcomes of Cleft Lip Repair in Neonates Across the United States
Authors: Lee Min Kyeong , Yen Stephen L-K. , Allareddy Veerasathpurush
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Cleft lip repair surgeries in neonates have shown to be effective and safe, resulting in less scarring and excellent aesthetic outcomes. However, existing studies are based on single-center experiences with limited numbers of patients and surgeons. Complication rates and hospital outcomes of neonatal lip repair have not yet been established at the national level. The objective of this study was to examine the association between age at cleft lip repair and hospital outcomes.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge database. Setting: Nationwide Inpatient Sample for years 2004 through 2010.

Patients:

Patients under 12 months of age diagnosed with cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

Interventions:

Surgical repair for cleft lip.

Main outcome measures:

Occurrence of complications.

Results:

There were 10 132 cleft lip repair procedures in 2004-2010 in the United States. Mean age was 144 days with 2.1 days of hospital stay and $22 037 charges. Less than 2% were performed in neonates (0-28 days). The overall complication rate was 2.1%. Compared to 2-4 months, cleft lip procedures in neonates were associated with longer length of stay ( P = .001) and hospital charges ( P = .03). Cleft lip repair among neonates were 15 times more likely to develop complications ( P = .0004) even after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions:

Cleft lip repair in neonates is associated with significantly higher complication rates as well as longer length of stay and more hospital charges. Purported benefits of neonatal cleft lip repair may not outweigh significant safety issues and hospitalization outcomes.
Body Esteem in a Western Australian Cleft Lip and/or Palate Cohort Across 3 Age Groups
Authors: Nicholls Wendy , Harper Craig , Selvey Linda A. , Robinson Suzanne , Hartig Gerald , Persson Martin
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To determine if patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) from a Western Australian (WA) cohort were more dissatisfied with their body esteem than a normative non-cleft cohort, and identify demographic variables that may have significant associations with body esteem.

Design:

Questionnaire study using the Body-Esteem Scale (BES) and Cleft Research Questionnaire (CRQ).

Participants:

Self-selected participants from a Western Australian CL/P population across 3 age groups (n=359).

Main outcome measures:

The BES is comprised of 3 factors: BE-Appearance, BE-Weight and BE-Attribution. Study mean BES factor scores were compared to normative non-cleft scores. Regression analysis was used to determine significant associations within each age group between BES factor scores and CRQ variables of: gender, self-reported body weight category, cleft type and importance of facial appearance rating.

Results:

Study mean BE-Attribution scores were significantly lower than the normative scores and significantly lower than the mean BE-Appearance and BE-Weight factor scores within the same age groups of this study. Having a cleft type of lip and palate, being overweight, and placing a high importance on facial appearance had significant negative associations with BES scores. Maintaining a normal body weight and placing a lower level of importance on facial appearance had significant positive associations. Gender had no significant associations.

Conclusion:

In this study, the attribution aspect of body esteem had a greater negative impact on patients than their appearance and body weight. This has important implications for clinical treatment and support of patients.
Changes in the Height of Velopharyngeal Closure Relative to the Cervical Spine From Infancy Through Adolescence in Patients With Cleft Palate
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. , Riski John E. , Perry Jamie L.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Palpation is often used to identify C1, an intraoperative landmark, for placement of the pharyngoplasty. However, little is known about the relationship between the palatal plane (PP) and this cervical spine landmark across select variables. This study seeks to analyze variations in the height of velopharyngeal closure relative to C1 across differing cleft types and age groups.

Design:

Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.

Setting:

Large, multidisciplinary center for craniofacial disorders.

Methods:

Clinical lateral cephalograms were analyzed in nonsyndromic patients who underwent primary palatoplasty. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were completed to determine how age and cleft type impact underlying cervical and velopharyngeal measures.

Results:

Age ( P < .001) and cleft type ( P = .036) were significant predictors of the distance between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Those with greater severity of clefting demonstrated larger distances between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Compared to normative data, children with cleft palate have significantly larger distances between the PP and C1. The height of velopharyngeal closure above C1 was observed to range from 3.6 to 12.6 mm across cleft populations.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the variability in C1 as a landmark across variables including cleft type and age. Because of differences in the height of velopharyngeal closure across cleft types relative to C1, it is necessary to preoperatively quantify the vertical distance between the PP and palpable intraoperative landmark, C1, to determine the appropriate height of pharyngoplasty insertion.
Ear Scaffold Reconstruction Using Ultrasonic Aspirator for Cauliflower Ear
Authors: Hao Scarlett , Angster Kristen , Hubbard Fleesie , Greywoode Jewel , Vakharia Kalpesh T.
Published: March 2018

Untreated auricular hematomas from ear trauma can result in an ear deformation known as cauliflower ear, secondary to fibrosis and new cartilage overgrowth. Cauliflower ear reconstruction has traditionally utilized tools such as a drill or a scalpel in order to improve auricular cosmesis. We present a case report utilizing an ultrasonic aspirator to recontour the fibrosed cartilage of a cauliflower ear. The ultrasonic aspirator has advantages over traditional tools in its ability to provide finely controlled bone removal without damage to surrounding soft tissue. The patient in this case report underwent multistage reconstruction using the ultrasonic aspirator with excellent cosmetic result and patient satisfaction.
Clinical and Epidemiologic Description of Orofacial Clefts in Bogota and Cali, Colombia, 2001-2015
Authors: Sarmiento K. , Valencia S. , Gracia G. , Hurtado-Villa P. , Zarante I.
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

Among congenital craniofacial anomalies, orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common. Global prevalence is 2 in 1000 and in Colombia, 1 in 700. Our goal was to describe cleft palate (CP) prevalence and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) from 2001 to 2015 in Bogota and Cali, Colombia.

Method:

Using the ECLAMC case-control design method, information was obtained from the Congenital Anomalies Monitoring and Surveillance Programs in Bogota and Cali. We describe the prevalence of cases classified into the following groups: isolated, polymalformed, and syndromic. The proportion of cases and controls was 1:4. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and Student t test to compare means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

We identified 529 OFC cases and 2116 controls from 448,930 births: a rate of 11.8 per 10,000 (CI = 10.80-12.83). From the total cases, 73% were identified with CL/CP compared to 27% with CP. Males had higher CL±P (59%) prevalence, whereas the highest neonatal mortality was observed among polymalformed cases (7%). The most common anomaly identified among our cases was cleft lip without isolated cleft palate (58%). We found that OFCs are linked to birthweight, size, and gestational age and higher parity with statistically significant differences in all variables compared to controls.

Conclusions:

OFC is a highly prevalent anomaly in Colombia, with a range of maternal and infant differences across case subgroups. The identification of important OFC subgroups that follow certain patterns of prevalence may prove useful to primary and tertiary care facilities with the goal of reducing further disability.
Assessing the Impact of an Order Panel Utilizing Weight-Based Insulin and Standardized Monitoring of Blood Glucose for Patients With Hyperkalemia
Authors: Brown Kelby , Setji Tracy L. , Hale Sarah L. , Cooper April , Hong Beatrice , Herbst Rebecca , Musser R. Clayton , Freeman Susan , Shaikewitz Ted , Greenlee Jimmy , Setji Noppon P.
Published: March 2018

Intravenous insulin with glucose is used in urgent treatment for hyperkalemia but has a significant risk of hypoglycemia. The authors developed an order panel within the electronic health record system that utilizes weight-based insulin dosing and standardized blood glucose monitoring to reduce hypoglycemia. As initial evaluation of this protocol, the authors retrospectively compared potassium and blood glucose lowering in patients treated with the weight-based (0.1 units/kg) insulin order panel (n = 195) with those given insulin based on provider judgment (n = 69). Serum potassium lowering did not differ between groups and there was no relationship between dose of insulin and amount of potassium lowering. There was a difference in hypoglycemia rates between groups ( P = .049), with fewer severe hypoglycemic events in the panel (2.56%) than in the non-panel group (10.14%). These data suggest weight-based insulin dosing is equally effective for lowering serum potassium and may lower risk of severe hypoglycemia.
Clinical Investigation of Coagulation Markers for Early Detection of Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Single-Center, Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Masuda Takamitsu , Shoko Tomohisa , Deguchi Yoshizumi
Published: March 2018

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) often complicates sepsis, and its early treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Coagulation markers may enable earlier diagnosis of DIC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the risk of DIC onset can be predicted using coagulation markers. Patients who showed symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome ≥2 and the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2 points were investigated. All blood samples collected from the time of hospital admission to 7 days postadmission were investigated. Patients were classified according to time of DIC onset (1) no DIC group (not DIC developed), (2) pre-DIC group (DIC onset >24 hours after admission), (3) DIC group (DIC onset at time of the admission) and according to cutoff values of coagulation markers, High group and Low group. Statistical differences were analyzed by log-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis rank test, and Friedman test. A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study. Soluble fibrin (SF), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and d-dimer levels were significantly increased even under pre-DIC conditions. Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) DIC scores increased significantly over time in the High SF group (≥31.0 µg/mL) and High PAI-1 group (≥49.0 ng/mL), while JAAM DIC scores in the Low SF group remained ≤3 until day 7. We proposed the cutoff values of SF as 31 µg/mL to detect early phase of DIC. Soluble fibrin might be useful not only to predict DIC but also to exclude a diagnosis of DIC.
Health technology assessment: A primer for ophthalmology
Authors: Murphy Aileen , McElnea Elizabeth , Byrne Sinead
Published: March 2018

Rising healthcare costs and increasing demands for health care require techniques to choose between competing uses and even rationing of health care. Economic evaluations and health technology assessments are increasingly a means to assess the cost effectiveness of healthcare interventions so as to inform such resource allocation decisions. To date, the adoption of health technology assessments, as a way of assessing cost effectiveness, in ophthalmology has been slower, relative to their implementation in other specialities. Nevertheless, demands for eye services are increasing due to an ageing population. The prevalence of conditions such as glaucoma, cataract, diabetic eye disease and age-related macular degeneration increases with age, and it is predicted that global blindness will triple by 2050. So there is a challenge for ophthalmologists to ensure that they can contribute to, interpret, critically evaluate, and use findings from economic evaluations in their clinical practice. To aid this, this article serves as a primer on the use of health technology assessments to assess cost effectiveness using economic evaluation techniques for ophthalmologists. Healthcare systems face many challenges worldwide – changing demographics and evolution of new technologies are only going to intensify. With this in mind, ophthalmology needs to be ready and able to engage with health economists to prepare, interpret, critically evaluate and use findings of economic evaluations and health technology assessments.
Stegmann Canal Expander for canaloplasty: A novel technique
Authors: Grieshaber Matthias C
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

The concept of canaloplasty is to increase aqueous egress through all structures that control the aqueous outflow, such as the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm’s canal, and collector channels, by viscomodulation and by placing of a suture stent into the canal. Clinical studies show canaloplasty to be safe and efficient in lowering the intraocular pressure; however, proper knotting of the tensioning suture is technically challenging and even impossible if circumferential cannulation cannot be achieved; furthermore, protrusion of the suture stent is a potential lifelong risk.

Methods:

The specific design of the Stegmann Canal Expander allows a permanent expansion of the canal and distension of the trabecular meshwork. Two expanders are implanted on either side of the surgically created ostium of Schlemm’s canal to treat half of the circumferential outflow system. This article describes the technique step by step, provides the clinician with surgical pearls, and highlights the management of adverse events.

Results:

Technically, implantation of the Stegmann Canal Expander is simple and does not require a long learning curve, compared to placing and knotting a tensioning suture. Most issues are related to the two-flap dissection technique (deep sclerectomy technique) and not to implantation of the Stegmann Canal Expander. Intraocular pressure reduction without medications to the low teens can be achieved.

Conclusions:

The Stegmann Canal Expander is a novel micro-device that has the potential to make canaloplasty a simplified, more controlled, and reproducible surgical procedure.
The intracavitary electrocardiography method for positioning the tip of epicutaneous cava catheter in neonates: Pilot study
Authors: Capasso Antonella , Mastroianni Rossella , Passariello Annalisa , Palma Marta , Messina Francesco , Ansalone Antonella , Bernardo Italo , Brescia Daniela , Crispino Francesco , Grassia Carolina , Romano Attilio , Ausanio Gaetano
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

The neonatologists of Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano Hospital of Caserta have carried out a pilot study investigating the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of intracavitary electrocardiography for neonatal epicutaneous cava catheter tip positioning.

Patients and methods:

We enrolled 39 neonates (1–28 days of postnatal age or correct age lower than 41 weeks) requiring epicutaneous cava catheter in the district of superior vena cava (head–neck or upper limbs). Intracavitary electrocardiography was applicable in 38 neonates.

Results:

No significant complications related to intracavitary electrocardiography occurred in the studied neonates. The increase in P wave on intracavitary electrocardiography was detected in 30 cases. Of the remaining eight cases, six malpositioned catheters tipped out of cavoatrial junction–target zone (chest x-ray and echocardiographical control) and two were false negative (tip located in target zone). The match between intracavitary electrocardiography and x-ray was observed in 29/38 cases, and the same ratio between intracavitary electrocardiography and echocardiography was detected.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the intracavitary electrocardiography method is safe and accurate in neonates as demonstrated in pediatric and adult patients. The applicability of the method is 97% and its feasibility is 79%. The overall accuracy is 76% but it rises to 97% if “peak” P wave is detected.
Marginalising co-operation? A discursive analysis of media reporting on the Co-operative Bank
Authors: Mangan Anita , Byrne Aidan
Published: March 2018

Recently there has been renewed academic interest in co-operatives. In contrast, media accounts of co-operatives are relatively scarce, particularly, in the United Kingdom, where business reporting usually focuses on capitalist narratives, with alternatives routinely marginalised until a scandal pushes them into the public eye. This article analyses media coverage of the United Kingdom’s Co-operative Bank (2011–2015), tracing its transformation from an unremarkable presence on the UK high street to preferred bidder for Lloyds Bank branches and its subsequent near collapse. The article charts changes in reporting and media interest in the bank through five discursive frames: member and customer service; standard financial reporting; human interest, personality-driven journalism; the public relations machine; and political coverage. Our analysis discusses three points: the politicisation of the story through covert and overt political values; simplification and sensationalism; and media hegemony. We argue that although moments of crisis provide an opening for re-evaluating the dominant reporting model, established frames tend to reassert themselves as a story develops. This produces good copy that reflects the interests of the publishers but does not extend understanding of co-operative organisations. Thus, the article identifies the role of the media in delegitimising organisations with alternative governance structures, thereby promoting ideological and economic conformity.
Review of acoustic comfort evaluation in dwellings—part I: Associations of acoustic field data to subjective responses from building surveys
Authors: Vardaxis Nikolaos-Georgios , Bard Delphine , Persson Waye Kerstin
Published: March 2018

Acoustic comfort is a concept hardly described in the literature. But it has been used in engineering typically to refer to low noise or annoyance in order to invoke no discomfort. Current standardized methods for airborne and impact sound reduction are deployed to assess acoustic comfort in dwellings. However, the measured sound pressure levels do not represent comfort. The latter should include further the human perception of the acoustic environment. Therefore, this article reviews studies that approached acoustic comfort through the association of objective and subjective field data, combining in situ acoustic measurements and survey responses from residents. We evaluated the studies using Bradford Hill’s criteria. Most researches focus on self-reported noise annoyance while some others on satisfaction responses. Many studies were found incomprehensibly described: often vital data of statistical evaluation or study design are lacking. The results indicate that noise is a significant issue in living environments, especially certain impact noise types. The use of extended low-frequency spectra down to 50 Hz was suggested for impact measurements in order to predict better self-reported noise response. Greater problems with low-frequency transmission are displayed in lightweight structures which perform inefficiently compared to heavyweight components. Harmonization of presented results and study design details should be taken into account for future articles.