bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contestação e a apropriação da viagem no road novel trilhas, de Robyn Davidson
Authors: Silva Mirian Cardoso da
Published: December 2024

O road novel Trilhas: a incrível jornada de uma mulher pelo deserto australiano, publicado em 1980 pela escritora australiana Robyn Davdson, é uma narrativa que questiona a liberdade das estradas. Contudo, a aventura da protagonista no deserto é usada pela mídia para reforçar os estigmas de “mulheres aventureiras” que muitas recebem ao se colocarem na estrada, já que, para as sociedades de inspiração patriarcal, só sendo uma “dessas mulheres” se poderia pensar em realizar tal proeza. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como ocorre a representação da viagem pela perspectiva feminina, de modo a compreender o processo de contestação e de apropriação do espaço pela personagem. Para tanto, esta pesquisa se respaldou nos estudos de Assmann (2011), Certeau (2014), Lefbvre (2006), entre outros, por meio dos quais observa-se como a protagonista enfrenta o conceito de espaço e o medo, contestando-os, e, apesar da dificuldade, desenvolvendo a apropriação da mobilidade.
SimuS: Um Simulador Para o Ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores
Authors: Silva Gabriel P. , Borges José Antônio dos S.
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta o simulador SimuS, desenvolvido para uma arquitetura do processador hipotético Sapiens, especialmente concebido para o ensino de arquitetura de computadores, a partir da experiência adquirida no uso e desenvolvimento do simulador Neanderwin para o processador Neander-X. No processador hipotético Sapiens, a arquitetura e o conjunto de instruções inicialmente propostos para o processador Neander-X são estendidos, de forma a obtermos uma arquitetura de processador com mais recursos, permitindo o seu uso desde cursos iniciais até cursos mais avançados.
Utilização dos simuladores do MPSoCBench para o ensino e aprendizagem de Arquitetura de Computadores
Authors: Duenha Liana , Azevedo Rodolfo
Published: December 2024

Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de ensino complementar às disciplinas de Arquitetura de Computadores fundamentada em projetos de exploração arquitetural, experimentação e análise de resultados. Adotou-se o MPSoCBench como ferramenta de simulação, o qual possui modelos funcionais de sistemas multiprocessados e fornece estimativas de desempenho, temporização e consumo de potência para principais unidades funcionais dos sistemas computacionais.
Exploring the factors that influence the market value of small farms in Romania
Authors: Muntean Andreea Cipriana , Paștiu Carmen Adina , Dârja Mălina , Maican Silvia , Stepien Sebastian , Polcyn Jan , Dobra Iulian Bogdan
Published: December 2024

The study aims to analyse factors that influence the market value of small farms in Romania. The research methodology involved a Gibbs sampling and updates of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Findings demonstrate distinction in the estimated market values of small farms and their features across households and explain the role and influence of socio-economic, institutional, and marketing factors. The impact of the independent variables shows that the level of education, support for agri-environmental activities, unfavourable areas and sales to processing plants, have positively influenced the estimated market value of small farms.
Europäisches Sozialkollisionsrecht
Authors: Schöffmann Peter
Published: December 2024

Werden Personen grenzüberschreitend am Europäischen Binnenmarkt tätig, stellt sich auch die Frage nach dem anwendbaren Sozialrecht. Die Sozialrechtskoordinierung verbindet die höchst unterschiedlichen nationalen Systeme der sozialen Sicherheit miteinander. Kern des Europäischen Sozialrechts sind die allgemeinen Kollisionsregeln der VO (EG) 883/2004, mit denen das anwendbare Recht bestimmt wird. Die Monografie bietet eine umfassende und systematische Untersuchung und legt besonderes Augenmerk auf: Entsendung und Mehrfachtätigkeit Entsendebescheinigung und ihre Bindungswirkung Betrug und Rechtsmissbrauch beim grenzüberschreitenden Einsatz von Beschäftigten Sozialrechtskoordinierung als Teil des Europäischen Verwaltungsrechts Unverzichtbar für alle, die mit Fragen des Europäischen Sozialkollisionsrechts konfrontiert sind.
Mapping community based initiatives
Authors: Choudhary Eisha
Published: December 2024

This working paper seeks to explore the different ways that community-based initiatives adopt to support women living in underprivileged colonies in New Delhi, access economic, educational, physical and mental well-being. This research examined three collectivising initiatives – a nongovernmental organisation, a voluntary project, and a livelihood program supported by a philanthropic grant to work with women from marginalised communities. In doing so, it mapped the role of the initiatives in raising critical consciousness among women about their socio-economic position, self-esteem, agency and rights. Experiences of empowerment were constructed in line with Freire’s model of conscientisation that suggest that a fundamental shift in power and the dismantling of oppressive structures happen when people are aware of their lived realities and realise their capacity to shape strategies for altering their position in society. The selected initiatives lay out strategies that other community-based initiatives can adopt for sustainable impact. This is based on the principles of co-construction, helping women make informed decisions, and act as a driver for social change.

By identifying relevant community-based initiatives, the paper aims to contribute in locating women’s empowerment agenda in the philanthropic landscape of India. Further, it hopes to chart out the social impact that these initiatives create, presenting their participation as important stakeholders in supporting women in their economic and mental well being. Thus, the paper strives to foster a philanthropic ecosystem that supports community-based initiatives to enhance their capacities in addressing women’s issues.
Manajemen Peserta Didik Berbasis Karakter dalam Membentuk Generasi Berintegritas di SMA Al-Islam Krian
Authors: Wulan Amalia Wulan Mahardika Putri , Ayasha Nabila Audiya Nency  , Indah Putri Purwati  , Adtora Aprilianto Bagaskara  , Ayu Wulandari
Published: December 2024

This study aims to develop quality and achievement in educational institutions, such as schools. This study uses a qualitative research approach, namely field research. The data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation from various sources including teachers and students. The main function of student management is as a means for students to develop their characteristics to the maximum, both in terms of individual, social, aspirations, and their potential. The results of this study indicate that student management plays an important role in integrating that students refer to a group of students who have strong moral values ​​and are able to apply them in their daily lives. They are expected to demonstrate honesty, responsibility, and ethics in various aspects, such as academics, social interactions, and personal decisions. The character of student integrity has been possessed by each individual student but perhaps in the implementation of the implementation it is still not optimal, there are some students who have not implemented a character of integrity properly. This study provides significant insight into the development of educational policies and practices, and provides practical suggestions to improve the effectiveness of its implementation in educational institutions.
The Effect of Group Guidance Services with Symbolic Modeling Techniques on Improving Prosocial Behavior of SMAN 4 Kota Jambi Students
Authors: Khairunisa Halifah , Rasimin Rasimin , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: December 2024

Prosocial behavior is an important aspect in character development and social interaction at school. If prosocial behavior is not increased, gaps can occur in relationships between students. Therefore, to encourage increased prosocial behavior, counseling services are used, namely group guidance services using symbolic modeling techniques. This research aims to determine the level of prosociality before and after providing services, and the influence of group guidance services. Symbolic modeling techniques on increasing students' prosocial behavior. This research uses quantitative research, experimental methods and variations of pre-experiment, one group Pretest Posttest. The population of this study were students in classes XI.F2, XI.F5 and XI.F6. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria recommended by the guidance and counseling teacher, so that 10 students were obtained as a sample. The collection instrument used a questionnaire consisting of 38 items. The analysis techniques used include the KIN (Internal Normative Continuum) approach, normality test, and T-test. The average pretest result of students before being given treatment was 139.7 which was categorized as MEDIUM and after being given treatment the average treatment average was 158.3 which was categorized as HIGH. The T-Test shows that the T-count value is -8.278, which is greater than the T-table, which is 2.228. Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000, indicating a significant difference between Pretest and Posttest. So it can be concluded that providing group guidance services with symbolic modeling techniques has an effect on increasing students' prosocial behavior.
Entwicklung und Ausbildung des Gesundheitsbegriffs im Grundschulalter
Authors: Hintze Ksenia
Published: December 2024

Im Band berichtet die Autorin über eine komplexe empirische Untersuchung zur Gesundheitsbildung in der Grundschule. Den Ansatz der Salutogenese aufgreifend und mit Blick auf die Gesundheitsbildung im Sachunterricht der Grundschule konkretisierend wird unter Rückgriff auf theoretische Grundlagen des Begriffserwerbs bzw. der Begriffsentwicklung sowie der Theorie der Lerntätigkeit (Lompscher) eine Interventionsstudie entwickelt, als deren Ergebnis deutliche Effekte hinsichtlich der Aneignung und Entwicklung eines aktiven, dialektischen sowie salutogenen Gesundheitsbegriffes wahrscheinlich gemacht werden können. Das wesentliche innovative Moment der Arbeit besteht darin, einerseits einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung schulischer Gesundheitsbildung geleistet zu haben, indem das in der Schulpraxis wenig bekannte Konzept der Salutogenese (Antonowskij) aufgegriffen und mit einer spezifischen, auf den Erkenntnissen der kultur-historischen Theorie basierenden, Lern-Lehr-Strategie (Aufsteigen vom Abstrakten zum Konkreten) verbunden wird, sowie damit andererseits einen Weg zur Erhöhung der Wirkung unterrichtlichen Lern-Lehr-Geschehens im (Sach-)Unterricht aufgezeigt zu haben, der von prinzipieller Bedeutung ist und über den Bereich der Gesundheitsbildung hinausgeht.
Führen mit Pfiff!
Authors: Kamiske Gerd F , Brunklaus Jens
Published: December 2024

Unterscheidet sich die Arbeit von Führungskräften allgemein von der von Bundesligatrainern?Im Sport sind die Ergebnisse jederzeit ersichtlich und öffentlich.Das führt zwangsläufig zu höchsten Anforderungen bezüglich Auswahl von Mitarbeitern und deren Qualifizierung. Team- und Integrationsfähigkeit wird auch von Individualisten gefordert, wenn ihr Fachkönnen, das Fußballspielen, exzellent ist – sogar wenn sie nicht eine gemeinsame Sprache sprechen.Wer solche Leute zu führen versteht, sie zu Höchstleistungen zu führen versteht, der hat doch wohl viel zu sagen!In schriftlichen Interviews wurden Bundesligatrainer nach ihrem Führungsstil befragt. 50 Antworten zweier Spitzentrainer sind hier zusammengefasst und für Manager und solche, die es werden wollen, zum Nachdenken angeboten.
Qualitäts-Wissenschaftliches Manager Handbuch
Authors: Kamiske Gerd
Published: December 2024

Qualitätswissenschaftliches Management - Management by Quality - ist Value Based Management, was denn sonst?Wissenschaftliche Betriebsführung ist heute unausweichlich qualitäts-wissenschaftliche Betriebsführung.Die Abschätzung oder gar Vorausberechnung der mit TQM erzielbaren Nutzeneffekte kann sehr wohl allgemeingültig und pauschal erfolgen, ganz gewiss aber für das individuelle Unternehmen getätigt werden.Groß sind also die Chancen, die theoretisch und praktisch bestehen, einen komparativen Konkurrenzvorteil zu erzielen. Die Methodenvielfalt des TQM lässt sich in ihre Bausteine zerlegen. Mit welchem Baustein die Einführung sinnvollerweise beginnen wird, lässt sich aus dem Rationalisierungspotential der ihm zugrundeliegenden Prozesse ermitteln.Von gleich großer Bedeutung wie das Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge des TQM ist die Führungsbefähigung für dieses Konzept. Während der Vertrauensaufbau zu Mitarbeitern, Lieferern und Kunden einerseits langwierig ist, ist das Verhältnis durch Enttäuschungen andererseits störanfällig oder gar zerbrechlich. So stehen der Erreichung (notwendigerweise) hochgesteckter Ziele allenfalls die menschlichen Unzulänglichkeiten entgegen im Viereck von Wissen-Können-Wollen-Dürfen.Alles ist einfach, sobald man es kann. Und Sie wissen doch: Erfolg macht sexy!Der Autor:Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd Kamiske ist ein ausgewiesener Experte auf dem Gebiet des Qualitätsmanagements. Nach über 30 Jahren praktischer Erfahrungen in Linien- und Projektverantwortung der Volkswagen AG im In- und Ausland leitete er umfangreiche Forschungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet. Er vermittelte das Gesamtbild in der Lehre, in Seminaren für Führungskräfte und veröffentlichte zahlreiche Bücher und Zeitschriftenartikel.Er ist Gründungsmitglied der Gesellschaft für Qualitätswissenschaften und Ehrenmitglied der deutschen Gesellschaft für Qualität.Für die Arbeiten am Lehrstuhl Qualitätswissenschaft der Technischen Universität Berlin erhielt er mit einem seiner wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter den EUROPEAN QUALITY AWARD für Spitzenforschung, für seine Gesamtleistung das Bundesverdienstkreuz 1. Klasse.
Lobgesang
Authors: Kunze Hagen
Published: December 2024

Lobgesang – Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdys Sinfonie-Kantate könnte auch als Motto über seiner Leipziger Zeit stehen. Denn die zwölf Leipziger Jahre zählten zu seinen erfolgreichsten und glücklichsten. Ehrendoktor der Universität, Ehrenbürger der Stadt, gefeierter Dirigent des Gewandhausorchesters, gefragter Virtuose, Gründungsrektor des Konservatoriums, schließlich gar fürsorglicher Ehemann und Familienvater. Hagen Kunze schildert einfühlsam diese Zeit des Komponisten und Gewandhauskapellmeisters. Und lädt zu einem Stadtspaziergang auf den Spuren des Künstlers ein.
Impact of Motivation Factors on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Panas Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Ganapur, Banke
Authors: Raj Ghimire Shiva , Kharel Sagar , Prasad Timalsina Dhurba
Published: December 2024

Purpose: In the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry, understanding and optimizing motivational factors is essential for enhancing employee performance and driving organizational success. This study aims to explore the impact of motivationalfactors on employee performance at Panas Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., shedding light on the key drivers of productivity within the organization.
Design/methodology/approach: This study employs a positivist research philosophy, utilizing quantitative methods to objectively assess the relationship between the study variables. motivational factors and employee performance at Panas Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd. A structured survey design was implemented and data was collected from a purposive sample of 100 employees. SPSS 23.0 was used for analyzing the data.
Findings: The findings revealed that all motivational factors including monetary rewards, promotion and fairness, recognition, and job security significantly impact employee performance, with notable differences observed in performance levels amongemployees based on their motivation levels.
Conclusion:The study emphasizes the importance of personalized motivational strategies, such as promotion, fairness, recognition, and job security, in boosting employee performance and enhancing productivity and retention.
Implications: This study enriches the understanding of motivation and employee performance by highlighting the critical role of factors such as monetary rewards, promotion and fairness, recognition, and job security in driving productivity, offeringvaluable insights for management at pharmaceutical companies to implement targeted strategies that enhance employee engagement and performance.
JEL Classification: M12, M54, J24, J28
The MAPE Analysis of Arima (p,d,q) on LQ45 Stock Price to Determine Training Data Period
Authors: Santosa Raden Gunawan , Chrismanto Antonius Rachmat , Lukito Yuan , Raharjo Willy Sudiarto
Published: December 2024

Most of the research using the Arima (p,d,q) focused on the accuracy of prediction results. Unlike other research, this work examines the training data period suitable for modeling ARIMA (p,d,q) in stock prices. Due to the volatile movement of stocks, the number of training data is assumed to affect the LQ45 prediction results. This research used five kinds of training data, including daily data for up to 5 years. With these five types of data series, the Arima (p,d,q) was made for LQ45 stocks. The prediction was conducted for two months after obtaining the model 5 data series of LQ45 stocks. Two months of data were used for January and February 2021 prediction test data. The results of this prediction were compared with the test data to produce the MAPE value. Based on the observations and calculation results, the most suitable stock to use the Arima (p,d,q) was ASII. In 5 years, the stocks produced the lowest MAPE value of 0.05%. Relatively stable LQ45 stocks with no change in the Arima (p,d,q) using four consecutive data series were ACES, CTRA, INTP, MIKA, and TLKM. Based on the MAPE value analysis performed in this study, we concluded that the best period to use the Arima (p,d,q) for LQ45 stocks is two years, with a median error rate of only 6.0091%.
The Influence of Government Regulations on the Intention to Register For Halal Certification for Micro and Small-Scale Food Businesses
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business University International Batam, Indonesia, Hasan Golan , Choiri Miftachul ,   Faculty of Economics and Business University International Batam, Indonesia
Published: December 2024

This study aims to provide an understanding of halal certification to maintain food that is indeed fit for consumption properly. The methodology used in this study is analyzed using SPSS and SEM-PLS. A total of 461 samples were used in this study, where the government regulation variable is a moderator variable in encouraging the interest of food producers to register for halal certification. This study is expected to help policy makers in accelerating the fulfillment of halal certification as required by law. The results of the study are that Attitude has a positive but not significant effect on Intention to Halal Certification. While Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavior Control have a positive and significant effect on Intention to Halal Certification. Furthermore, the Halal Awareness and Perceived Benefits variables through the Perceived Behavior Control variable also have a positive and significant effect on Intention to Halal Certification.
Hisse Senedi Getirileri İle Konut Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin Granger Nedensellik Testi İle İncelenmesi: Türkiye Uygulaması
Authors: Yıldırım Ali
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'deki hisse senedi getirileri ile konut fiyatları arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Ocak 2010-Aralık 2023 dönemleri arasındaki aylık veriler, ekonometrik zaman serisi analiz yöntemlerinden olan Granger Nedensellik Testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, hisse senedi getirilerini temsilen BIST 100 Endeksi ve konut fiyatlarını temsilen Konut Fiyat Endeksi verileri aracılığıyla oluşturulan değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, hisse senedi getirilerinin konut fiyatlarını etkilediği ancak konut fiyatlarının hisse senedi getirilerini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.  Diğer bir ifadeyle, hisse senedi getirileri ile konut fiyatları arasında tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların, yatırımcılar ve diğer piyasa aktörlerinin, hisse senedi getirilerinin konut fiyatları üzerindeki olası etkilerini daha iyi anlayarak, daha bilinçli ve etkili kararlar almalarına olanak sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, söz konusu bulguların, hisse senedi getirileri ile konut fiyatları arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılmasına katkı sunması ve bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Bıst Ana Metal (XMANA) Sanayi Sektör Şirketlerinde Finansal Performans ve Pay Senedi Getirileri Arasındaki İlişkinin ÇKKV Teknikleriyle Belirlenmesi
Authors: Arslan Emre
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bütünleşik SWARA, ARAS, WASPAS ve MAIRCA yöntemleri ile BİST Ana Metal Sanayi sektörü firmalarının seçilen göstergeler açısından performansını analiz etmektir. Çalışmada Ana Metal Sanayi sektörü firmalarının 2022 yılına ait verileri çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. SWARA yöntemi sonuçlarına göre söz konusu firmalar için en önemli performans kriteri PD/DD olarak tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten ARAS, WASPAS ve MAIRCA yöntemlerine göre alternatifler sıralanmış ve BORDA SAYIM yöntemine göre verilen son karara göre CELHA, CEMAS ve CEMTS firmaları finansal açıdan en başarılı üç firma olmasına karşın pay senedi getirili sıralamasında ise CELHA, CEMTS ve BRSAN firmalarının en başarılı üç firma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmada BORDA SAYIM yöntemi performans sıralaması ile getiri sıralaması arasında herhangi anlamlı ilişkinin olup olmadığı Spearman korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. İki sıralama arasında oldukça düşük ve zayıf bir ilişkinin varlığı görülmektedir. Fakat korelasyon analizi doğrultunda elde edilen bu değer herhangi bir önem düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunamamıştır. Yani, bu iki sıralama arasındaki ilişki tesadüfi olabilir.
8-10 Yaşları Arasındaki Yüzücülere Uygulanan 8 Haftalık Kalistenik Egzersizlerin Bazı Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Parametrelere Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özdemir Batuhan , Aka Hasan , Karakuş Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 8-10 yaşları arasındaki yüzücülere uygulanan 8 haftalık kalistenik egzersizlerin bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelere etkisinin incelenmesidir. Yapılan çalışmaya Kayseri Erciyes Alfa Gençlik ve Spor Yüzme Kulübü sporcularından oluşan toplam 20 erkek öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılar kontrol grubu (KG, (n:10)) ve kalistenik egzersiz grubu (KEG, (n:10)) olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılara ait vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY) ve Beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) Tanita BC 418 MA Profesyonel monitörlü Segmental vücut analizi cihazıyla, omuz genişliği Kingstar marka 1.5 metre uzunluğundaki mezurayla, sırt-bacak kuvveti Takei (Japonya) marka sırt-bacak dinamometresiyle, dikey sıçrama testi Jump-metre marka cihazıyla,  sağ ve sol el-pençe kuvveti Takei marka el dinamometresiyle ve  anaerobik kapasiteleri  ise Monark Ergomedic 894 E Peak Bike marka cihaz ile ölçülmüştür. Katılımcılar sezon içerisinde antrenörleri tarafından planlanan yüzme branşına yönelik genel antrenman programlarını antrenman günlerinde uygularken kalistenik egzersiz grubunda (KEG) bulunan katılımcılar yüzme antrenmanlarına ek olarak 8 hafta boyunca ve haftada 3 gün olacak şekilde kalistenik egzersiz programları ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde IBM SPSS 21 paket programı kullanılmış olup çalışmanın anlamlılık düzeyi P<0,05* olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan normallik testi sonuçlarına göre nonparametrik testler tercih edilmiştir. Katılımcıların boy, yaş ve vücut ağırlığı değişkenlerine ilişkin tanımlayıcı  istatistik analizleri yapılırken grupların ön test ve son test ölçümleri arasındaki  farkın belirlenmesinde Wilcoxon İşaretli sıralar analiz testi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak yüzme sporuyla uğraşan çocuklar üzerinde gerçekleştirilen kalistenik egzersiz programının  bacak kuvveti, sağ ve sol el kavrama (el-pençe) kuvveti, omuz genişliği, dikey sıçrama ve anaerobik ortalama güç değerleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış sağladığı; BKİ, VYY ve Sırt kuvvetinde kalistenik egzersizlerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı sonucu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca anaerobik güç tepe değeri sonuçlarının kontrol grubu lehine çıkarken kalistenik egzersiz uygulanan katılımcılarda anlamlı  fark bulunmamıştır. Kısaca çocuklara uygulanan 8 haftalık kalistenik egzersizlerin çocuklarda yukarıda bahsi geçen bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik özelliklerin gelişimine olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.
Bazı Diz Eklemi Yaralanmalarında Rehabilitasyon Programlarının Etkisi
Authors: Mohammed Mahmood Albayati Hussein , Aydoğmuş Mert , Kadı Mustafa Nurullah , Bezci Şakir
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırma, bazı diz yaralanmaları sonrası diz eklem tedavisi sürecini yaşayan sporcuların, rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde uygulanan program sonrası görülen etkileri incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmayı Kerkük’teki özel rehabilitasyon ve fizik tedavi merkezlerine gelen diz eklem bağı problemleri yaşayan ve bu sorun nedeni ile ameliyat olan yaşları 18-25 arasında değişen, farklı spor branşlarına sahip, 14 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin istatiksel analizi SPPS 21.0 paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatiksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Egzersiz programı öncesi ilk alınan değerler ile egzersiz programı sonrası alınan değerleri karşılaştırmak için non parametrik olan Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına bakıldığında ön çapraz bağ yaralanması için hazırlanan rehabilitasyon programlarının diz ekleminin hareket açıklığını geri kazandırmada, femoral kas atrofisinden kurtulmada ve çabuk kuvvet ile kuvvete devamlılık parametrelerini geliştirmede olumlu etkisi olduğunu bu araştırma göstermiştir.
Futbol Branşına İlişkin Yazılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İçerik Analizi (2010-2023)
Authors: Karaoğlu Ümit Berkay , Biricik Yunus Sinan
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı popüler spor dallarından biri olan futbol dalı üzerine ülkemizde yazılan lisansüstü tezlerin içerik analizi dâhilinde analiz edilmesidir. Analizler sonucunda branş özelinde hazırlanan tezlere yönelik tanımlayıcı bilgilerin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Nitel temeller üzerine yapılandırılan çalışmamızda Ulusal Tez Merkezi verileri kullanılmıştır. İçerik çözümlemesi yöntemi ile araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için gerekli veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma 2010-2023 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Futbol anahtar kelimesi ile yapılan tarama sonucunda bulunan 280’i doktora, 7’si tıpta uzmanlık ve 1257’si yüksek lisans toplam 1544 lisansüstü tezin tamamı çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Tezler ayrıntılı bir şekilde taranarak önceden belirlenmiş olan parametrelere göre sınıflandırılmış içerik analizi oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan veriler SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemleri aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir.
1544 tezin 1049’u 2018 ve sonrasında yazılmıştır. 237 sayısı ile 2019 yılı en çok tez yazılan yıl olmuştur. 1257 yüksek lisans; 280 doktora ve 7 tıpta uzmanlık çalışması yapılmıştır. Marmara Bölgesi, Marmara Üniversitesi ve İstanbul sayısal anlamda en çok tezin yazıldığı bölge, şehir ve üniversite olduğu görülmektedir. Erkek yazar 1260; kadın yazar 284 tez yazmıştır. Nitel çalışma ve karma çalışma sayısı nicel araştırma desenine göre oldukça azdır. Tezlerde spor konusunun yanında, beslenme ve diyetetik, psikoloji, sosyoloji ve işletme en çok üzerinde çalışma yapılan konulardır. Sonuç olarak 2010-2023 arasında yazılan futbol üzerinde tezlerin literatüre ciddi anlamda katkı sağladığı görülmektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak doktora tezi ve tıpta uzmanlık çalışmalarının artırılması literatürün derinlik ve kalite katması açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Reklam Yüzü Olarak Futbol
Authors: Bilginer Erdoğan Şeyma
Published: December 2024

Güncel ve kitlesi oldukça geniş olan futbol, ilk ortaya çıktığı tarihlerde belli kuralları olmayan, şiddet içeren, halk arasında oynanan bir oyun olarak tanımlanıyordu. Ancak yirminci yüzyıla gelindiğinde, eski türlerden farklılık gösteren yapısıyla belli başlı kuralları olan popüler bir oyun olarak modern sporlar içerisinde değerlendirilmeye başlamıştır.
Sanayi Devrimi’yle birlikte modern dönemine giren futbol, anavatanı olan İngiltere’den toplu taşıma sisteminin gelişmesi ile farklı coğrafyalara yayılmış ve böylece popülerliğini artırmaya başlamıştır. Bununla birlikte yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesi ve aktif olarak kullanılması, futbolun modernleşme ve popülerleşme serüveninde etkin rol oynamıştır. Futbola ilişkin haberlerin gazetelerde yer almaya başlaması, bu alanda haber üreten ve tüketenlerin vazgeçilmez konuları olarak kendini göstermiştir. 1950’li yıllardan itibaren görsel-işitsel kitle iletişim aracı olan televizyon yayıncılığının ilerlemesi ve her kesime ulaşabilir hale gelmesi, futbolu televizyon, televizyonu da futbol için vazgeçilmez bir gelir kapısı haline getirmiştir. Bu yayınların devamlı hale gelmesi ile futbol bir üretim aracı gibi görülmeye başlamıştır. Artık bir yatırım alanı gibi görülen futbol, ekonomik destekle daha güçlü hale getirilen takımlara sponsor olan ve reklam veren şirketlerin faaliyet gösterdikleri endüstriyel bir ağ olarak büyümüştür.
Bu çalışmada da futbolun ortaya çıktığı dönemlere kısaca değinilmiş, endüstrileşme sürecinde, medya ve reklamın futbolun popülerleşmesindeki rolünün tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamına Türk A Milli Erkek Futbol Takımı’na sponsor olan firmaların reklamları dahil edilerek, niteliksel içerik analizi ile veriler çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin sonucuna göre futbol reklamlarındaki kullanılan milli, manevi, geleneksel, kültürel, folklorik değerler ve duygusal bağ ile bir yandan toplumun kolektivizm düşüncesi etrafında eğlenmesi sağlanırken, diğer yandan futbolun, markaların ürünlerini tüketim için pazarladıkları bir faaliyet alanı olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
Olimpiyat Oyunlarında Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik
Authors: Kurudirek Muharrem Alparslan
Published: December 2024

Olimpiyat oyunları, büyük çevresel etkileri olan küresel bir organizasyondur. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, Olimpiyatlar gibi büyük etkinliklerin ekosistemlere zarar vermeden gerçekleştirilmesini sağlamada önemli bir rol oynar. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, doğal kaynakların aşırı tüketimini önleyerek biyolojik çeşitliliği koruma amacı güder. Bu, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılması, enerji verimliliği, geri dönüşüm uygulamaları ve su kaynaklarının korunması gibi adımlarla sağlanabilir. Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi (IOC), çevresel sürdürülebilirlik stratejilerini Olimpiyatlar için kapsamlı bir şekilde belirlemiştir ve çeşitli olimpiyat oyunlarında bu hedeflere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
1992 Barcelona Olimpiyatları, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli bir dönüm noktası olmuş, şehirdeki endüstriyel alanlar dönüştürülüp yeşil alanlar yaratılmıştır. Sidney 2000 ise çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerini modern olimpiyat oyunlarında uygulamaya koyarak örnek teşkil etmiştir. Ancak Atlanta 1996 ve Atina 2004 gibi oyunlar, çevresel hedeflerin yeterince gerçekleştirilmediği eleştirileri almıştır. Tokyo 2020 ise karbon ayak izini azaltmaya yönelik bir dizi yenilikçi adım atmış, ancak COVID-19 nedeniyle bazı projeler yarım kalmıştır. Paris 2024, çevresel sürdürülebilirliği ön plana çıkaran hedeflerle, olimpiyat tarihinde önemli bir örnek teşkil etmeyi planlamaktadır. Bu oyunlar, çevresel etkileri en aza indirgemek için sürdürülebilir ulaşım, enerji yönetimi ve döngüsel ekonomi gibi stratejilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Core Human Rights Principles for Private Conservation Organizations and Funders
Authors:   United Nations Environment Programme
Published: December 2024

The international community is grappling with an unprecedented loss of biological
diversity—a crisis that directly impacts both biodiversity and human rights. The
degradation of biodiversity significantly impairs the ability of all people, particularly
Indigenous Peoples and communities dependent on natural ecosystems, to enjoy
their human rights.
States are the primary duty-bearers under international human rights law; however, private conservation organizations and funders are crucial in driving conservation efforts and promoting a human rights-based approach. Despite their significance, acommon understanding of their human rights responsibilities has been largely lacking. To bridge this gap, UNEP is introducing the ten Core Human Rights Principles for Private Conservation Organizations and Funders. These principles guide private actors toward a human rights-based approach to conservation, fostering more inclusive and equitable practices that protect and promote the rights of Indigenous Peoples and others in conservation. The Principles also provide general guidance for all stakeholders on how to center human rights in conservation efforts and contribute to achieving the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) through a rights-based approach.
Impact of Patient Safety Culture and Reporting Flow Perception on Nurses’ Intentions to Report Safety Incidents
Authors: Krissadi Lovi , Supriyantoro Supriyantoro
Published: December 2024

The nursing unit accounts for the highest number of Patient Safety Incidents (PSI), with 64.83% of incidents in Hospital X Malang occurring in this unit, creating opportunities for underreporting. This study analyzes the influence of patient safety culture on nurses' willingness to report incidents using a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional approach with Partial Least Square analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires from nurses in various units. Results showed a moderate safety culture and reporting willingness, with significant effects of safety culture on perceptions of reporting flow, which in turn influenced reporting willingness. Weaknesses were found in understanding report-making and grading implementation. The study emphasizes fostering a strong patient safety culture and streamlining reporting systems. Practical applications include targeted training for nurses, enhanced communication channels, and a non-punitive reporting framework to reduce underreporting, strengthen reporting systems, and improve patient safety.
Important Shark and Ray Areas Polar Waters Region
Authors:   IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Jabado Rima , García-Rodríguez Emiliano , Kyne Peter , Charles Ryan , Bettcher Brito Vanessa , Armstrong Asia , Gonzalez-Pestana Adriana , Batlle-Morera Amanda , Palacios Marta , Rohner Christoph
Published: December 2024

The fifth Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) regional expert workshop was held in hybrid mode (in person and online) in Tirana, Albania from 27–29 May 2024. The goal was to identify and delineate three-dimensional and discrete portions of habitat that are critical to the survival of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’), and that have the potential to be managed for conservation. The region covered was Polar Waters. This scientific collaboration amongst regional and global experts resulted in the identification of 34 Important Shark and Ray Areas, four candidate ISRA, and 11 Areas of Interest. Identified ISRAs range in size from small areas of 70.42 km2 at depths of 50-80 m (North Sea Central Graben in Norway) to very large areas of 100,877 km2 (Heard Island & McDonald Islands which spans waters of Australia and France) from 200 to 1,220 m.
Immune Privilege in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Authors:   Department of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Uganda, Robert Tom
Published: December 2024

The central nervous system (CNS) has long been considered an immune-privileged site, where immune responses are tightly regulated to protect neural tissue from inflammation-induced damage. Immune privilege in the CNS is maintained through various mechanisms, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the absence of conventional lymphatic drainage, the specialized function of CNS-resident immune cells, and the expression of immunosuppressive molecules like TGF-β and IL-10. These protective systems are essential for preserving CNS homeostasis, as uncontrolled immune activity in the CNS can lead to irreversible damage to neurons and glial cells. However, immune privilege is not absolute. In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and Alzheimer’s disease, immune privilege is breached, resulting in the infiltration of immune cells, chronic inflammation, and progressive neural damage. The breakdown of the BBB, immune cell activation, and dysregulated inflammation contribute to the pathophysiology of these diseases. This review examines the mechanisms that underlie immune privilege in the CNS, how these systems are compromised in neuroinflammatory conditions, and the therapeutic implications for modulating immune responses in the CNS. Targeted therapies aimed at restoring immune regulation and preserving CNS function offer promising prospects for treating neuroinflammatory diseases and maintaining CNS health.

Keywords: Immune Privilege, Central Nervous System, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Blood-Brain Barrier, Multiple Sclerosis, Immunosuppressive Mechanisms
Abdal Musa Velayetnamesi'nde Seyyid Ali Sultan
Authors: Küçük Murat
Published: December 2024

According to the Velayetname of Seyyid Ali Sultan, when Seyyid Ali Sultan and forty of his
followers were in Khorasan, the Prophet Muhammad ordered them in their dreams to arrive
at Hacı Bektaş Veli Dervish and help Orhan Bey in the conquest of Rumelia. Hacı Bektaş Veli
made them wear swords in his dervish lodge and sent them to Yıldırım Bayezid according to
the copies in Turkey and Sultan Orhan Gazi according to the Cairo copy. The Velayetname
of Abdal Musa, on the other hand, charts a different itinerary for Seyyid Ali Sultan. In the
narrative, Aydınoğulları Beyi Gazi Umur Bey, who organized raids to the Aegean islands,
encountered a group of abdal on the shore near Finike, Antalya, where he went for water
and food for the navy. The encounter recorded in the Velayetname contains details that may
explain the years of Kızıl Deli Seyyid Ali Sultan as a dervish in Anatolia. This article draws
attention to the ties between the Abdal Musa Dervish Lodge and Seyyid Ali Sultan Dervish
Lodge based on the details of this encounter. In addition, according to the Velayetname of
Abdal Musa, Seyyid Ali Sultan's role in the initial construction of Hacıbektaş Dervish Lodge is
emphasized. Apart from these two Velayetname and Düsturname, the Divan of Sadık Abdal,
born in 1380, one of the dervishes who grew up in Dimetoka, was consulted, and traces of
the belief world of the dervishes living in Dimetoka in the late XIVth and early XVth centuries
were tried to be determined. These traces indicate that it was widely accepted among the
dervishes that there was continuity between Hacı Bektaş Veli, Abdal Musa and Seyyid Ali
Sultan before the regulations introduced by Balım Sultan during the reign of Bayezid II.
Trakya’da Seyyid Ali Sultan süreğinde nefesler
Authors: Yaltırık Hüseyin
Published: December 2024

This study deals with the nefes and semahs of the Seyyid Ali Sultan sect living in the
Thrace Region. Some of the nefes and semahs that constitute the Sufi Folk Music of the
Thrace Region are kept alive in the cems of Seyyid Ali Sultan. Seyyid Ali Sultan, who lived
between 1310-1402, is also known by the nickname 'Kızıl Deli' as a historical figure as well
as his legendary personality. Founded in the village of Demirviran in Dimetoka in 1397,
the lodge is one of the most important lodges of the Bektashis. For centuries, the dervish
lodge provided Sufi instruction on Bektashi principles and many masters, dervishes and
fathers were raised and served in this lodge. The dervish lodge, like the others, was closed
in 1826 and part of it was demolished. It is stated in the sources that Seyyid Ali Sultan's
grave is located in the treasury of the demolished dervish lodge. The continuations of this
hearth (except those in Anatolia) are carried out in two geographies, Thrace and Western
Thrace. The main hearth and dervish lodge today is in the village of Ruşenler in the Seçek
(Hilia) region of the Evros province of Greece. While there were 33 villages in this region
in the past, today 13 villages continue the Seyyid Ali Sultan tradition. In Thrace, it is the
continuity living around Edirne and Uzunköprü. This continuity in Thrace was strengthened
through migrations from Seyyid Ali Sultan followers living in Western Thrace and Bulgaria.
The immigrants settled mostly in Musulca in Edirne and around Uzunköprü. In this study,
the nefes and semahs of Seyyid Ali Sultan in Thrace.
Batı Trakya Müslüman Türk azınlığında Seyyid Ali Sultan dergâhının yeri, önemi ve kurban faaliyetleri
Authors: Bostancı Hüseyin
Published: December 2024

Seyyid Ali Sultan, one of the leading patriarchs the Bektashi Sufi movement, played an
important role in the Turkification and Islamization of Western Thrace and, more broadly,
the Balkans. The Lodge/Tekke he founded between the villages of Ruşenler and Babalar,
near Dimetoka, within the borders of Western Thrace today, constitutes a very important
example of the historical-cultural heritage of the Balkans and especially the Turks of
Western Thrace. This lodge in Dimetoka, founded and settled by Seyyid Ali Sultan and
where Balım Sultan grew up, is the most important Bektashi center in the Balkans. In the
Bektashi tradition, Seyyid Ali Sultan became the watchman of the Greek province, the
owner of the cook's hide, which is the second of twelve hides. While the Dergah/lodge was
one of the most important faith, culture and education centers of the region during its time,
it maintains the same structural existence today. Seyyid Ali Sultan lodge is far beyond being
an ordinary lodge, it has the characteristics of a social complex and spreads over a wide
area. In the social complex; There are tombs, squares, soup kitchens, schools, fountains,
pasha mansions, cemeteries, mosques, butcheries and warehouses. Seyyid Ali Sultan and
his friends established educational and cultural institutions with the aim of ensuring the
continuity of Turkish-Islamic culture and helped raise scientists in many fields. The raised
men of knowledge, wisdom and heart lie in these lands. To commemorate these saints, the
silent heroes of the glorious Turkish history, ceremonies are held on their anniversaries and
sacrifices are made as a debt of gratitude. It is possible to list these sacrifices as follows:
Kırk Kurbanı, Mursal Kurbanı, Ali Baba Kurbanı in Kamberler village.
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ CÔNG TÁC GIÁO DỤC SỨC KHỎE TRÊN NGƯỜI BỆNH SAU PHẪU THUẬT U LÀNH TÍNH DÂY THANH
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Hiếu  , Mai Ý Thơ  , Vũ Thị Ngọc  , Nguyễn Thanh Thảo  , Vũ Thị Huyền  , Nguyễn Tất Thắng , Phạm Thị Hiền
Published: December 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả công tác giáo dục sức khỏe trên người bệnh sau phẫu thuật u lành tính dây thanh.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả từng ca có can thiệp trên 165 người bệnh u lành tính dây thanh, điều trị phẫu thuật u lành tính dây thanh, từ tháng 3 đến tháng 6 năm 2023.
Kết quả: Trước can thiệp: 19,4% người bệnh có kiến thức đúng về phát hiện và xử trí biến chứng; 7,9% người bệnh có kiến thức chung đúng về cách chăm sóc; 24,2% người bệnh có kiến thức kém về chăm sóc khi ra viện; 9,7% người bệnh có kiến thức tốt về toàn bộ trương trình giáo dục sức khỏe. Sau can thiệp, các tỉ lệ này lần lượt đạt 78,8%; 73,9%; 3,0% và 85,5%. Khác biệt trước và sau can thiệp giáo dục sức khỏe có ý nghĩa thống kê (p < 0,05).
Kết luận: Giáo dục sức khỏe cải thiện đáng kể kiến thức cho người bệnh về nguyên nhân gây bệnh, cách chăm sóc trước, trong, sau khi phẫu thuật u lành tính dây thanh.
KIẾN THỨC VỀ DỰ PHÒNG CO GIẬT DO SỐT CAO ĐƠN THUẦN CỦA NHỮNG NGƯỜI MẸ CÓ CON BỊ SỐT, TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TỈNH NAM ĐỊNH, NĂM 2023
Authors: Phạm Thị Thanh Vân , Hoàng Thị Nguyệt  , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hường
Published: December 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kiến thức về dự phòng co giật do sốt cao đơn thuần của những người mẹ có con bị sốt và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức này trên các đối tượng nghiên cứu.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 201 người mẹ có con bị sốt (đưa con đến khám bệnh tại Bệnh viện Nhi tỉnh Nam Định từ tháng 02/2023 đến tháng 6/2023). Phỏng vấn trực tiếp người mẹ qua phiếu khảo sát với bộ câu hỏi chuẩn bị sẵn xây dựng dựa theo nghiên cứu của Vũ Thị Thanh Hoa (2019). Phân tích số liệu bằng phần mềm SPSS 20.0.
Kết quả: Phân bố điểm kiến thức chung của đối tượng nghiên cứu về dự phòng co giật do sốt cao đơn thuần từ 2-36 36 điểm, trung bình 17,2 ± 6,1 điểm. Với điểm cut off là 50%, tỉ lệ đối tượng nghiên cứu có kiến thức về dự phòng co giật do sốt cao đơn thuần mức độ đạt là 36,8%; mức độ chưa đạt là 63,2%. Phát hiện một số yếu tố liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê (với p < 0,05) đến kiến thức về dự phòng co giật do sốt cao đơn thuần trên đối tượng nghiên cứu, gồm: tuổi, nghề nghiệp, điều kiện kinh tế, tiền sử co giật của trẻ; ở những đối tượng có tiếp nhận yếu tố truyền thông, các yếu tố liên quan gồm: thời điểm tiếp nhận yếu tố truyền thông, nguồn thông tin từ nhân viên y tế, báo, đài, internet và thái độ của đối tượng nghiên cứu.
ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC DỤNG HỖ TRỢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH NHÂN SỐT XUẤT HUYẾT DENGUE CỦA CỐM TAN “SINH TÂN CHỈ HUYẾT”
Authors: Trần Công Trường  , Nguyễn Huy Phong  , Nguyễn Trung Dũng  , Đinh Thanh Hà  , Nguyễn Tuấn Lượng
Published: December 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tác dụng hỗ trợ điều trị sốt xuất huyết Dengue của cốm tan “Sinh tân chỉ huyết”.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu trên 120 bệnh nhân sốt xuất huyết Dengue và sốt xuất huyết Dengue có dấu hiệu cảnh báo, gồm nhóm 1 (nhóm đối chứng: 60 bệnh nhân điều trị bằng phác đồ nền theo Hướng dẫn của Bộ Y tế) và nhóm 2 (nhóm nghiên cứu: 60 bệnh nhân điều trị bằng phác đồ nền như nhóm 1, kết hợp với cốm tan “Sinh tân chỉ huyết”, liều 2 gói/ngày).
Kết quả: Bệnh nhân cả hai nhóm đều biểu hiện đáp ứng tốt với điều trị: các chỉ số lâm sàng (mạch, thân nhiệt, huyết áp) và cận lâm sàng (số lượng hồng cầu, bạch cầu, tiểu cầu, chỉ số HCT, HGB, GOT, GPT) cải thiện dần về giá trị bình thường. Bệnh nhân nhóm điều trị kết hợp với cốm tan “Sinh tân chỉ huyết” có thời gian sốt giảm, thời gian điều trị trung bình giảm, số lượng tiểu cầu sau điều trị tăng cao hơn so với bệnh nhân nhóm đối chứng, khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Cốm tan “Sinh tân chỉ huyết” chỉ gây rối loạn tiêu hóa nhẹ trên 5% bệnh nhân nhóm 2 và không gây nên các tác dụng không mong muốn khác.