bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The present and future status of heavy neutral leptons
Authors: Abdullahi Asli M , Barham Alzás Pablo , Batell Brian , Beacham James , Boyarsky Alexey , Carbajal Saneli , Chatterjee Animesh , Crespo-Anadón José I , Deppisch Frank F , De Roeck Albert , Drewes Marco , Martin Gago Alberto , Gonzalez Suarez Rebeca , Goudzovski Evgueni , Hatzikoutelis Athanasios , Hernandez-Garcia Josu , Hostert Matheus , Hufnagel Marco , Ilten Philip , Izmaylov Alexander , Kelly Kevin J , Klarić Juraj , Kopp Joachim , Kulkarni Suchita , Lamoureux Mathieu , Lanfranchi Gaia , López-Pavón Jacobo , Mikulenko Oleksii , Mooney Michael , Nemevšek Miha , Ovchynnikov Maksym , Pascoli Silvia , Plestid Ryan , Rashad Darwish Mohamed , Leo Redi Federico , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Ruiz Richard , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Shchutska Lesya , Shoemaker Ian M , Shrock Robert , Sousa Alex , Van Remortel Nick , Syvolap Vsevolod , Takhistov Volodymyr , Tastet Jean-Loup , Timiryasov Inar , Vincent Aaron C , Yu Jaehoon
Published: January 2023

The existence of nonzero neutrino masses points to the likely existence of multiple Standard Model neutral fermions. When such states are heavy enough that they cannot be produced in oscillations, they are referred to as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs). In this white paper, we discuss the present experimental status of HNLs including colliders, beta decay, accelerators, as well as astrophysical and cosmological impacts. We discuss the importance of continuing to search for HNLs, and its potential impact on our understanding of key fundamental questions, and additionally we outline the future prospects for next-generation future experiments or upcoming accelerator run scenarios.
Cross section measurements for 9Be(d, t)8Be reaction at the low-energy region (E < 100 keV)
Authors: Dai Xiao Rong , Wang Yun Yu , Li Duo , Zhao Wei Jia , Han Ya Fei , Han Xue Yan , Fang Kai Hong
Published: January 2023

To obtain the cross sections of the 9Be(d, t)8Be reaction, a thick beryllium target was bombarded with a deuteron beam from 78 to 100 keV, with an energy step of 2 keV. The charged particles emitted from the d-9Be interaction were accumulated, and the cross sections were deduced from the thick-target yields of emitted tritium. The present work, in conjunction with the data reported in the high-energy region, extended the directly measured values of cross section to 65 keV in the center-of-mass system, thereby filling in the nuclear data gap in the low-energy region.
First observations of confined fast ions in MAST Upgrade with an upgraded neutron camera
Authors: Cecconello M , Dolby I J , Sperduti A , Rivero-Rodriguez J , Ericsson G , Fitzgerald I , Allan S Y , Voller J , Honey B , Nizar B A , Elmore S D
Published: January 2023

Spherical tokamaks are key to the successful design of operating scenarios of future fusion reactors in the areas of divertor physics, neutral beam current drive and fast ion physics. MAST Upgrade, which has successfully concluded its first experimental campaign, was specifically designed to address the role of the radial gradient of the fast ion distribution in driving the excitation of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, such as toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes, fish-bones and long-lived mode, thanks to its two tangential neutral beam injection systems, one on the equatorial plane and one that is vertically shifted 65 cm above the equatorial plane. To study the fast ion dynamics in the presence of such instabilities, as well as of sawteeth and neo-classical tearing modes, several fast ion diagnostics were upgraded and new ones added. Among them, the MAST prototype neutron camera (NC) has been upgraded to six, equatorial sight-lines. The first observations of the confined fast ion behavior with the upgraded NC in a wide range of plasma scenarios characterized by on-axis and/or off-axis heating and different MHD instabilities are presented here. The observations presented in this study confirm previous results on MAST but with a higher level of detail and highlight new physics observations unique to the MAST Upgrade. The results presented here confirm the improved performance of the NC Upgrade, which thus becomes one of the key elements, in combination with the rich set of fast ion diagnostics available on the MAST Upgrade, for a more constrained modeling of the fast ion dynamics in fusion reactor relevant scenarios.
Damage identification of thin plate-like structures combining improved singular spectrum analysis and multiscale cross-sample entropy (ISSA-MCSEn)
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Lu Guangtao , Song Huijun , Wang Tao , Yang Dan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a new method integrating the improved singular spectrum analysis and the multiscale cross-sample entropy Improved Singular Spectrum Analysis and Multiscale Cross-Sample Entropy, (ISSA-MCSEn) is developed to identify the size of early damages in thin plate-like structures. In the algorithm, with the help of improved singular spectrum analysis (ISSA), the principal components relevant to the reference and damage-induced signals are successfully extracted, and then the components related to the damage are reconstructed for damage size detection. Lastly, the multiscale cross-sample entropy (MCSEn) of the reconstructed signal is computed as a new damage index to evaluate the size of the damage. To validate the proposed ISSA-MCSEn algorithm, two different experiments are conducted on aluminum and composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates to detect simulated crack and through-hole, respectively. Comparative performance analysis of ISSA and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) demonstrates that the total increment of the normalized MCSEn by using ISSA is 30%–81% while the one by using SSA is only 6.5%–9%, which demonstrates that the performance of the proposed ISSA is much better than SSA. The experimental results also show that the average of the normalized MCSEn of the proposed algorithm increases by over 77% and 28% as the size of the two damages in CFRP and aluminum plates changes from 0 to 8 mm and 0 to 1.2 mm, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between the normalized MCSEn and damages’ size is well linear, and the Pearson’s coefficient of their fitting curves is more than 0.99, which demonstrates that this linear relationship can be employed for damage size detection in both CRFP and aluminum plates. The linear relationship between the damage size and normalized MCSEn is used for damage detection, and the relative error between the actual and detected size is 1.64%–6.92%. In addition, the performance comparison of ISSA-MCSEn and SSA-FuzzyEn shows that the total increment of the ISSA-MCSEn algorithm due to the damage is 30%–81% while the one of SSA-FuzzyEn is only 4%–15%, which indicates that the proposed ISSA-MCSEn is more sensitive to the damage than SSA-FuzzyEn and it is more suitable for detection of small-size damages.
Accelerated long-term aging study of new antioxidant plastic scintillators
Authors: Song H. , Li X. , Yu B. , Yang C. , Ling X. , Zhu Z. , Hu T. , Zhao T. , Jin B. , Zhang H.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the smaller plastic scintillator (polystyrene as solvent) tiles are polymerized and shaped by two methods, i.e. injection molding technology and thermal pressing technology by domestic manufacturer, to be operated for more than 10 years in the hadron calorimeter of the Circular Electron Position Collider (CEPC) or other purposes. Other benefits include, researching aging problems, by adding 0.1% material antioxidants of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and without BHT, and according to Van't Hoff rule of equivalent chemical reaction rate of high temperature, the 10 years aging study is simulated in short term. A strobed coincidence setup is arranged to test the light yield of the tile to be measured with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with ADC read out and a simple trigger system with small solid angle acceptance is adopted. The light yields of measured tiles without BHT decrease by about 26.6% (injection molding technology) and 43.3% (thermal polymerization technology) after ten-year equivalent aging time. Meanwhile, the light yields of the tiles with BHT almost did not change after ten-year equivalent aging time.
Investigation of Ground Deformation around The Segments of Kendeng Fault in East Java 2017-2020 using Multi-Temporal InSAR Analysis with GACOS Correction Product
Authors: Syahputri B E A , Anjasmara I M , Hayati N
Published: January 2023

Multi-Temporal Interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR) analysis technique can provide spatially continuous measurements of the ground deformation and monitoring caused by the movement of four segments in the Kendeng Fault, East Java. Most ground deformation in these segments is indicated by the dominance of local thrust movements, folds, and the seismic density of earthquakes. In this study, ground deformation detection was carried out using the Small Baseline Subset Algorithm in the MT-InSAR process with the tropospheric correction from GACOS to determine ground deformation during 2017-2020. The percentage of change in the deformation velocity value resulting from applying the GACOS correction is up to 33.8% compared to without the tropospheric correction. The most significant troposphere effect correction is the area around the Cepu segments, which are dominated by high elevation thrust and folds. The results of the mean LOS velocity around the southern segments of Cepu, Waru, and Surabaya based on the Sentinel 1A SAR represent the occurrence of land subsidence in the south part of the area around segments with values ranging from 3.0 mm/yr to 6.0 mm/yr. Thus, the deformation effect causes land subsidence in the area around the delineation of the northern fault segment up to -3.0 mm/yr.
Physiographic Study for Hydrology of Benowo Region Surabaya
Authors: Indriani Rista Fitri , Utama Widya
Published: January 2023

This study seeks to identify the physiographic characteristics based on slope and land use that influence water management in the Benowo area of Surabaya. This research utilized DEM data and Landsat 8 data. Slope analysis and land use analysis were employed in the data processing procedure. The slope classification map yielded five categories: flat, sloping, slightly steep, steep, and very steep. The land classification map featured five categories: agriculture, settlements, industrial, plantations, and waters. Based on the slope and land use, a flow coefficient analysis was performed. The average flow coefficient for the Benowo area of Surabaya was 0.35, which was categorized as a medium flow coefficient, and 65 percent of the water was absorbed by the soil below the surface. Changes in land function in the Benowo region, from agriculture and water to residential or industrial, will have a significant impact on the flow coefficient value. Changes in land function result in increased surface runoff. Water management is a crucial aspect of development planning. This study’s findings provide a foundation for hydrological engineering, development, improvement, utilization, and control of water flow, particularly in the Benowo area of Surabaya.
Integration of Market Price Comparison Approach and Income Capitalization Approach in Urban Land Valuation
Authors: Sugito Nanin Trianawati , Gumilar Irwan , Hendriatiningsih Sadikin , Leksono Bambang Edhi
Published: January 2023

Land is one of the economic goods. The high demand for land while the land supply is fixed, causes the increase in land prices to be out of control. Land is closely related to the cadastral system. The cadastral system is the driving force behind the operation of a land administration system that integrates the functions of land tenure, land value, land use, and land development. A complete cadastre has a component in the form of a cadastral map that is connected to juridical data records, including land values and their designations. Land value is the product of land valuation. Land valuation consists of several approaches, namely market price comparison approach, cost approach, and income capitalization approach. Estimating urban land values requires rapid and accurate land valuations. This research integrates the market price comparison approach and the income capitalization approach. Geostatistical analysis is applied in land value modeling. The resulting mathematical model of land value is expected to reflect the actual value
Alternative Route Planning Analysis of Tourism Transport Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Network Analysis Methods (Case Study: Jember Regency)
Authors: Bachtiar A S A , nurwatik
Published: January 2023

Tourism is one of the sectors that continue to be developed according to the Spatial Planning Regulation (RTRW) of Jember Regency in 2015 – 2035. In September 2021, The Regent of Jember announced officially the Jember Regency Tourism Transport to maximize the potential of educational tourism. Therefore, it is required to provide a sufficient information with respect to the accessibility of tourist attraction. This paper purposes to integrate Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS network analysis to generate a ranking of the potential of educational tourism objects based on the parameters of accessibility, amenities, and attractions according to Minister of Tourism Regulation Number 5 of 2017 and produce alternative routes between tourism objects based on travel time, tour time, and tourism object situation scenarios. The results indicate the weight of the accessibility criteria is 0.60, the amenities criteria is 0.27 and the attraction criteria is 0.13. From the processing of these parameters, educational tourism with the high potential category is Agrotourism Research Center for Coffee and Cocoa Jember, Sukorambi Botanical Garden, and Jember Mini Zoo, and the category of educational tourism with low potential include Tanoker, Tobacco Museum, and Duplang Site. In addition, the network analyst result generates 3 routes. The first route is Jami, Al- Baitul Amien Mosque – Tobacco Museum Jember – Agrotourism Research Center for Coffee and Cocoa Jember - Jami, Al-Baitul Amien Mosque with 41.5-kilometer distance, the total duration of travel time and the assumption of tour time is 7 hours 7 minute. The second route is Jami, Al-Baitul Amien Mosque – Duplang Site – Jember Mini Zoo - Jami, Al-Baitul Amien Mosque with the total travel time duration and tour time assumption is 7 hours 41 minutes and 39-kilometer travel distance. While the third route is Jami, Al-Baitul Amien Mosque – Tanoker – Sukorambi Botanical Garden - Jami, Al- Baitul Amien Mosque with the total duration of travel time and tour time assumption is 7 hours 40 minutes with 59.9-kilometer distance.
Production of quality early-generation seed potatoes in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Astarini I A , Margareth D , Febryanti N P K , Defiani M R , Temaja I G R M
Published: January 2023

Potato is an essential crop in Bali. The potato productivity in Bali is still low compared to other provinces in Indonesia. The main problem is difficulties in obtaining quality seeds at affordable prices. This study aimed to ensure the survival of tissue culture seedlings during acclimatization and produce good quality early-generation seed potatoes. The research was conducted at Batusesa Village, Tabanan, Bali, from March - July 2021. There were two experiments, the first was the production of G0 seed potato, and the second was the production of G1 seed. Production of G0 was done using Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors, variety (Granola and Vega) and media (charred rice husk, charred rice husk + coco peat, charred rice husk + coco peat + soil). Each treatment combination consisted of 100 cuttings. Variables observed were harvest time, tuber weight, and total tubers per plant. The result shows that Vega has a shorter harvesting time (65 days) compared to Granola (70 days). Vega produced heavier tuber in all media trials. Granola made more tubers in M3 media. Experiment on G1 production was done using Randomized Block Design with two factors, variety (Granola and Vega) and G0 seed tuber size (<15 gram and ≥ 15 gram; <50 gram and ≥ 50 gram). Vega produced more tubers than Granola; while Granola produced bigger tubers than Vega. Bigger seed tubers had the highest tuber production and bigger size tubers in both varieties.
Metabolite profile variation of chili pepper genotypes for resistance to aphids infestation
Authors: Daryanto A , Syukur M , Sobir  , Maharijaya A , Hidayat P
Published: January 2023

The cotton aphids (CA) were reported to reduce chili pepper production in tropical area and transmits several viruses. Using resistant cultivars can reduce the number of insecticide sprays and maintain natural enemies. The research objective was to evaluate aphid infestation in seven chili pepper genotypes and investigate secondary metabolite profiles under aphid infestation. Seven chili pepper genotypes belonging to the species Capsicum annuum L. were used in this study. The experiment was conducted using a four-replication randomized complete block design. We used a no-choice clip cage test to evaluate the chili pepper genotype. The evaluation was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Each plant was infested with one aphid using a wet brush in an insect-proof cage about five weeks after sowing. The resistance level was determined after seven days of infection (7 DAI) by counting the number of aphids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was used to perform untargeted metabolomic studies. The results showed that IPB C20 and IPB C367 genotypes had low aphid infestation, while IPB C313 showed the highest aphid infestation. Untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS detected 16 metabolites in the control plant and 27 in the treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) (PC1 = 62% and PC2 = 23%) can used to differentiate metabolites among resistant genotypes, susceptible genotypes, and control plants. Chili pepper resistance to aphid infestation was antibiosis with numerous potential metabolite chemicals, such as fluorobenzoic acid, which strongly connected with decreased aphid colonies at 7 DAI. This study will be useful for pest control and will aid in the developing of aphid-resistant cultivars.
Seed treatments and seedling root soaking in biological agents improved plant growth and reduced bacterial leaf blight disease incidence in rice
Authors: Lizansari K N , Machmud M , Ilyas S
Published: January 2023

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is caused byXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo), a seed-soil-air-borne pathogen that can reduce 60% of rice yield. The primary study intended to investigate the effect of seed treatments and root soaking with biological agents (a mixture ofPseudomonas diminutaandBacillus subtilis) on plant growth and the severity of BLB in a greenhouse. A split-plot experimental design was used with seed treatments as the main plot: negative control, positive control (Xoo inoculated), bactericide (streptomycin sulfate 20%) 0.2%, biopriming with biological agents 108CFU ml−1, matriconditioning plus bactericide 0.2%, biomatriconditioning with biological agents 108CFU ml−1. The subplots were root soaking: untreated, bactericide 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%; biological agents 106CFU ml−1, 108CFU ml−1, and 1010CFU ml−1. Biomatriconditioning reduced the BLB incidence three weeks after sowing from 10.6% to 1.7% and increased plant height four weeks after transplanting (WAT). Biomatriconditioning followed by root soaking in the biological agents or 0.4 % bactericide increased plant dry weight 3 WAT. Biomatriconditioning or root soaking in the biological agents (106CFU ml−1) provided the most significant number of tillers 4 WAT.
Molecular characterization of Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) from Bogor using late expression factor-8 gene
Authors: Kusumah YM , Ilhami MAW , Kurniawati F
Published: January 2023

Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) is a biological agent successfully developed as a bio insecticide to control S. litura. NPV is host-specific. Therefore, it only infects particular insects. NPV identification is needed so its use can be right on target. Molecular Identification by PCR has been used to characterise Baculovirus. Ac17, lef-2, polh, p35, and 16s RNA, are genes that are often used to identify NPVs. However, the lef-8 gene is the most conserved gene for NPV identification. We conducted this research to study SpltNPV molecular characterisation through nucleotide and amino acid using the lef-8 gene. The NPV isolate was propagated in the Insect Pathology Laboratory. We use the CTAB method to purify the NPV DNA. Forward TCCAAACGTCGATTACG and reverse GACAGGCAGGTTTCTAA primers were used to amplify the lef-8 gene of SpltNPV. The molecular character was used to describe the relationship of SpltNPV isolate with the other NPV reported in GenBank. The lef-8 gene can be used to identify SpltNPV. Based on nucleotides and amino acids sequence of the lef-8 gene, the homology of SpltNPV Bogor has the highest similarity to SpltNPV of German isolates of 99% and 94%. Based on the left-8 gene sequence phylogeny, the Bogor SpltNPV isolate is a member of the same group as the NPV on Spodoptera and Amsacta.
The biological response of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in several different types of host plants
Authors: Afifah Lutfi , Oktaviani Sintia , Surjana Tatang , Irfan Budi , Priyo Prabowo Dwi , Bagus Widiawan Aditya
Published: January 2023

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda becomes a significant pest of maize. The presence of these pests can be a threat because these pests have a high cruising range, high reproduction speed, and strong destructive power. Aimed of this research is to decisive the biological responses of larvae in several host plants. The method used was using four different types of host plants: maize P36 variety, spinach Retina variety, Mustard greens Tosakan variety, and green beans Vima 1 variety. The results obtained were the average attack intensity of S. frugiperda with the Choice Test showed that the highest attack intensity was 87.5% on Mustard greens Tosakan variety, not significantly different from the intensity of attack on maize varieties P36, which was 56.2%. The mortality percentage of S. frugiperda larvae in all treatments had no significant effect with the highest mortality in spinach plants (37.25%) and the lowest mortality in maize plants (18.75%). The average length of development of S. frugiperda larvae from instars 2 to 6 on various feed alternatives ranged from 1.7 days to a maximum of 3.3 days. The average percentage of the development from Larvae into Pupae showed the highest percentage on maize was 81.25% and the lowest percentage was spinach (50%). The average percentage of the development from pupae into adult showed the highest on maize plants (68.75%). Fall armyworm can also attack other hosts such as Mustard greens, spinach, and green beans. It is necessary to increase vigilance against this pest because this pest has many alternative hosts.
Land cover changes and spatial planning alignment in East Java Province
Authors: Nurfaizah D , Pravitasari AE , Lubis I , Saizen I
Published: January 2023

According to the East Java Regional Medium-Term Development Plan 2019-2024, East Java is a food barn and the largest contributor to national food availability. On the other hand, East Java is the province with the second-largest population in Indonesia. During the last ten years, East Java’s population growth was 0.79 percent, which caused pressure on land resources and caused rivalry in land use utilization. This will undoubtedly jeopardize East Java’s status as a national food storage facility. The objective of this research is to analyze land cover changes of East Java Province from 2000 to 2020, as well as to analyze the relationship between spatial usage and the spatial plan (RTRW) and develop directions for spatial utilization of East Java Province in supporting its role as a national food barn. The method used in this research is the overlay technique to identify land cover changes and alignment with a spatial plan, and descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that the most common agricultural land cover changes in East Java were as follows, from forests to dryland agriculture, paddy fields to dryland agriculture and built-up areas, and scrubland to dryland agriculture. Through this research, we arrange a direction for spatial utilization of East Java to protect the productive agricultural land and to ensure that this province remains a national food barn in the future.
Land suitability analysis and direction for plantation commodities development in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java
Authors: Pravitasari A.E. , Kusumaningtyas A.R. , Mulya S.P. , Wulandari S. , Stanny Y.A. , Hor S.
Published: January 2023

The plantation is one of the essential sub-sectors and encourages economic growth in Pekalongan Regency with the contribution of the 2020 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of 17.01%. Our previous studies indicate that the leading plantation commodities in Pekalongan Regency are tea, coffee, cloves, sugarcane, and coconut. This study aims to analyze the land availability and land suitability to arrange the direction for leading plantation commodities development in Pekalongan Regency. The methods used in this study are land availability and land suitability analysis, as well as an overlay method using several data/maps such as soil, rainfall, slope, land use, forest area, and spatial planning maps (RTRW). The results showed that the available land for the development of plantation commodities is 47,782.55 ha. Based on land suitability analysis results on leading plantation commodities, there are three categories of land suitability classes, which are S1 (highly suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), and S3 (marginally suitable), with different spatial distributions for each commodity. The directions for developing leading plantation commodities in Pekalongan Regency are (1) tea in Paninggaran Sub-district; (2) coffee in Lebakbarang Sub-district; (3) cloves in 3 sub-districts, namely Kandangserang, Talun, and Doro; (4) coconut in 6 sub-districts, namely Sragi, Siwalan, Bojong, Buaran, Tirto, and Wonokerto; and (5) sugarcane in the Sub-districts of Karanganyar, Kajen, Kesesi, Wonopringgo, Karangdadap, and Kedungwuni. From the study, it can be seen that five leading plantation commodities are suitable for cultivation in Pekalongan Regency. Following the direction of leading plantation commodities development, it is expected to increase the productivity and economic welfare of the local community.
Characterization and pretreatment of breaking seed dormancy Livistona speciosa Kurz, collection of Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Wanda I F , Oksari A A , Cahyani C P R , Agustin E K
Published: January 2023

The palm plant, Livistona speciosa Kurz, belongs to the Arecaceae family. The slow germination of the seeds is just one of the issues this plant faces throughout its growth. This research aims to identify seeds’ morphological traits and the breakdown of seed dormancy. Observations made were testing viability, moisture content, characteristics of fruit and seeds, the effect of pretreatment on seed germination. The dry heat treatment at 50°C, the hot water soak at 50°C, the soak with GA and IAA solution for 1 hour, and the seed scarification treatment are the methods used to treat seeds that are breaking their dormancy. The results revealed the fruit was rounded, average length: 26,755 ± 1,253 mm; Diameter: 21.33 ± 1,356 mm and weight: 7,786 ± 0.906 grams. Ovoid-shaped seeds; average length: 20,772 ± 1.182 mm; diameter: 16.561 ± 1,160 mm and weight: 3.756 ± 0.648 gr. The highest germination capacity (pre-treatment of oven-dry 50°C and immersion with GA and IAA treatments) and the highest germination coefficient and simultaneously (hot water treatment at 50°C).
Analysis of the vigor of Melaleuca Leucadendron L. seeds exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Putri K P , Zanzibar M , Yulianti
Published: January 2023

Gamma-ray irradiation is a type of ionizing radiation that can be used to improve the physiological quality of Melaleuca leucadendron L. (gelam) seeds. The focus of the research was to observe the influence of gamma-ray exposed on the vigor of new, and stored seeds of M. leucadendron. Viability testing was carried out. The analyzed of statistic were variance analyzed by analysis using one factor with thirteen treatments (0; 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960 Gy) and four replication. A T-test was conducted to decide the effect of the seed storage period on seed viability for all doses of gamma-ray exposure treatment. The new M. leucadendron seeds irradiated up to 960 Gy did not reduce the number of sprouts. However, the seed storage vigor decreased in almost all irradiated doses after two months of storage, except at a dose of 2.5 Gy. The conclusion of this research shows that low-dose irradiation treatment can increase the vigor of the M. leucadendron seeds that have been stored, and it will contribute to the effort to maintain seed viability for conservation purposes.
Green medicated supplement (Green MS) can reduce enteric methane emission from forage-based ruminant rations: In vitro study
Authors: Wahyono T , Widodo S , Kurniawati A , Anggraeny Y N , Widiawati Y , Rofiq M N , Herliatika A , Priyoatmojo D , Syahputra A R , Sasongko W T
Published: January 2023

About 25% of the anthropogenic methane emissions are due to ruminal fermentation from ruminant livestock. Green medicated supplement (Green MS) is a prototype herb and slow-release urea-based supplement to reduce methane emissions from livestock. This experiment aimed to evaluate the methane emission and digestibility of forage-based rations supplemented with Green MS. This study examines six forages (palm oil leaves, rice straw, Napier grass, sugarcane leaves, native grass and maize straw). That six forages were supplemented with Green MS. The total treatments were 12, with four replications. A completely randomized design was applied in this study. Besides native grass, Green MS can reduce in vitro enteric methane by 0.23 - 3.05 ml/200 mg DM (P < 0.05). However, Green MS did not change the value of all forage’s optimum gas production (a+b). It is interesting to note that gas production from non-soluble fibre (GPNSF) could be enhanced with Green MS in maize straw and native grass (P < 0.05). The response to supplements varies depending on the utilization of the feed substrate in incubation. In conclusion, without affecting feed digestibility, Green MS supplementation could lower enteric methane emissions.
Community preferences for agroforestry patterns in supporting future forestry development
Authors: Novasari Destia , Wulandari Christine , Harianto Sugeng P. , Gumay Febryano Indra , Bakri Samsul , Kaskoyo Hari
Published: January 2023

Through the selecting cropping patterns can be used as a strategy to regulate the success rate of land management it can contribute to deciding the level of the earth’s temperature through the selection of plant species. The high level of the earth’s temperature causes various impacts such as an increase in drought, which affects the agricultural industry, changes in weather that affect the success of planting, to the food crisis. Therefore, the selection of plant species must be done correctly and in accordance with the preferences of farmers. The choice of plant types that are by following the wishes of farmers can increase the motivation of farmers to maintain and caring for plants so that the success rate of planting will be higher. Therefore, it is essential to research farmers’ preferences in choosing crop types and agroforestry cropping patterns (simple agroforestry and complex agroforestry) because the amount of carbon stored by plants will depend on farmers’ preferences. The purpose of this study is to determine the preferences of farmers in choosing types of crops and agroforestry cropping patterns by using decision-making analysis methods. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Batutegi Forest Management Unit, Tanggamus Regency, and Lampung Province. Research results show that the aspects considered by farmers are the aspects considered by farmers in choosing plant types and cropping patterns were production orientation (100%), time and labor (95.65%), biophysical conditions (80.43%), knowledge (80.43%) and the ability to invest in plants (36.96%). The reasons for farmers choosing crop types and cropping patterns are income (100%), productivity (88.89%), production speed (82.22%), and ease of harvesting (37.78%). As many as 73% of farmers who choose complex agroforestry cropping patterns have a more significant role in minimizing the impact of global warming. This happens because complex agroforestry cropping patterns are able to minimize the effects of global warming more optimally with larger stored carbon stocks of 765.61 tons/ha when compared to simple agroforestry planting patterns with carbon stocks of 356.21 tons/ha.
Insect diversity on wheat as a new cultivation crop in West Sumatera
Authors: Reflinaldon  , Hamid H
Published: January 2023

As a new crop is being introduced, wheat will affect the diversity of insects in the highlands, which is usually a vegetable planting area in West Sumatra. This study focuses on collecting, identifying, and comparing insect species richness and evenness on introduced wheat plants for one growing season. The result found 48 species from 45 families within seven orders of insects. The insect’s function was role of herbivores (12 families), predators (11 families), parasitoids (7 families), pollinators (6 families), and decomposers (9 families). The dominant insects found in wheat plantations are Aphididae as herbivores, Formicidae as predators, Onychiuridae as detritivores, Syrphidae as pollinators, and Ichneumonidae as parasitoids. Based on its function, the diversity index in herbivores is higher (H’=2.1) than in natural enemies (H’= 2) and detritivores (H’= 0.47). The highest evenness index was found for herbivores (E=0.85) from natural enemies (E=0.63) and detritivores (E=0.21). This paper will discuss wheat’s growth stages against species richness and evenness.
An android-based start-up app for self-agriculture and food
Authors: Pangestu A , Al-Hakim R R , Hidayah H A , Jaenul A , Arief Y Z , Ekawati R
Published: January 2023

Several sectors, including technology, influence the need for food to date. Global heating conditions also impact the existing food system since poor agricultural conditions reduce farm product output and increase famine risk. As cybernated start-ups develop, it enables multiple parties to develop start-ups in farming and food sectors. This study aims to develop a self-agriculture and food start-up app based on Android OS. This application allows each user to prepare and commercialise food items autonomously. The system is intended to encourage individuals to perform tasks such as cultivating and selling harvests, purchasing dietary commodities, and monitoring current microclimate circumstances.
Automatic detection of an early stage of basal stem rot disease infection using VGG16 and mask R-CNN
Authors: Zhi Yong Lai , Khairunniza-Bejo Siti , Jahari Mahirah , Melissa Muharam Farrah
Published: January 2023

Oil palm is the world’s most important oil crop, accounting for roughly 40% of all traded vegetable oil. Basal Stem Rot (BSR) has posed a significant concern to the oil palm industry, particularly in Southeast Asia, as it has the potential to cause substantial economic losses. Laboratory-based methods are reliable for early BSR detection. However, they are costly and destructive. Other methodologies used a semi-automatic approach which requires human intervention. Therefore, this paper presents an automatic detection of BSR using hyperspectral data and a deep learning approach, which includes a Mask R-CNN for image segmentation and a VGG16 as a classifier. The Mask R-CNN was trained using Set B images, and the images in Set A were masked using the mask produced by the Mask R-CNN. The VGG16 was trained with the masked images (Set A). This fully automatic approach demonstrated high model performance with 85.46% accuracy, 86.74% F1 score, 95.02% recall, and a classification time of 0.08s/image. The findings of this research have the potential to significantly benefit the oil palm industry by automatically detecting BSR at an early stage, thus allowing for the prevention of disease spread. It can also help solve the problem of labor shortage.
Web-based GIS for simulation, and visualisation: EPANET and data-rich shapefiles
Authors: Lewis Gareth , Snider Brett , Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia Lydia , Chen Albert S , Djordjević Slobodan , Savić Dragan A
Published: January 2023

The management of water resources often involves with spatially and temporally varied information collected from various providers with different data formats. Although certain software or applications such as QGIS[1] and EPANET[2] have been developed to support the analyses and decision making, these solutions do have some critical weaknesses: 1) it can take users considerable time to become proficient in using a given application, 2) applications generally assume a level of domain-specific knowledge, 3) applications may require customisation through plug-ins to provide suitable information and 4) applications are often tied to specific hardware / operating system configurations. To address these issues, the aqua3s and Fiware4Water research programmes were developed as ‘cloud first’ projects, using the cloud/web to deliver functionality. In this work, we developed approaches for integrating and visualising information to support water management, specifically developing a web-based EPANET simulation and visualisation for large water networks (c30,000 EPANET nodes and links), and a web-based visualisation of regional flood data shapefiles for Trieste and surrounding regions. In both cases, data was processed and balanced between client and server to minimise client loading and maximise responsiveness.
Which models for extreme flood events in Mediterranean catchments?
Authors: Gourbesville Philippe , Ghulami Masoud
Published: January 2023

Over the last years, most of the Mediterranean countries have been affected by catastrophic flood events generated by never observed before extreme rainfalls. Those events are frequently convective and stationary for several hours. The recorded intensities have frequently values exceeding 100 mm/hour and can last for several hours. Under those specific conditions as during the storm ALEX of October 2020, the runoff processes are particularly intense and can generate massive floods. Mitigation strategies should be developed and based on modeling that can support the understanding of the processes and the forecast the magnitude of the flood events and the associated impacts. The choice of the relevant hydrological modeling tools is a key element. The selected ones should be able to provide the relevant information, on time and with the relevant accuracy for the decision makers. The hydrological deterministic distributed models have reached a sufficient maturity to provide an accurate representation of the processes. The storm ALEX was generating more than 500 mm in less than 6 hours and producing a devastating flood within the Vésubie valley (France) in October 2020. The analysis of the event has demonstrated the difficulty to obtain consistent field observations and the limitations of many stochastic hydrological tools. The application of the AquaVar approach, combining several distributed deterministic models, has demonstrated its capacity to generate meaningful hydrographs and to quantify process with the catchment. The proposed solution is currently implemented within a real-time decision support system and can be used in real-time.
Assimilation of SAR-derived flood extent observations for improving fluvial flood forecast – A proof-of-concept
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Huy , Ricci Sophie , Piacentini Andrea , Fatras Christophe , Kettig Peter , Blanchet Gwendoline , Luque Santiago Peña , Baillarin Simon
Published: January 2023

As the severity and occurrence of flood events tend to intensify with climate change, the need for flood forecasting capability increases. In this regard, the Flood Detection, Alert and rapid Mapping (FloodDAM) project, funded by Space for Climate Observatory initiatives, was set out to develop pre-operational tools dedicated to enabling quick responses in flood-prone areas, and to improve the reactivity of decision support systems. This work focuses on the assimilation of 2D flood extent data (expressed in terms of wet surface ratios) and in-situ water level data to improve the representation of the flood plain dynamics with a Telemac-2D model and an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The EnKF control vector was composed friction coefficients and corrective parameter to the input forcing. It is then augmented with the water level state averaged over several floodplain zones. This work was conducted in the context of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) based on a real flood event occurred in January-February 2021 on the Garonne Marmandaise catchment. This allows to validate the observation operator associated to the wet surface ratio observations as well as the dual state-parameter sequential correction implemented in this work. The merits of assimilating SAR-derived flood plain data complementary to in-situ water level observations are shown in the control parameter and observation spaces with 1D and 2D assessment metrics. It was also shown that the correction of the hydraulic state significantly improved the flood dynamics, especially during the recession. This proof-of-concept study paves the way towards near-real-time flood forecast, making the most of remote sensing-derived flood observations.
Air entrainment and transport in a bottom outlet controlled by a cylindrical gate
Authors: Li Shicheng , Yang James , Enmark Gustav
Published: January 2023

This study deals with a bottom outlet that causes significant surges at both the inlet and exit. The bottom outlet comprises an intake, a vertical shaft and a tunnel underneath the rockfill dam and a submerged exit. In the intake tower, a cylinder gate controls hexagonal openings near the reservoir bottom. Operations during the dam construction show that discharges at a low reservoir water level result in upsurges of air-water mixture within the hollow gate cylinder and blowouts in the tailwater. To understand the flow behaviors, 3D CFD modeling is performed to examine air entrainment at the intake and transport down the waterway. Both low and high-water levels are simulated, and the air-water flow phenomenon is reproduced. In both cases, air pockets are generated, which undergo accumulation and breakup process. When moving downstream, they could cause severe surface fluctuations, even blowouts. Consequently, engineering solutions are required to address this issue. The aim of this study is to provide basis for risk assessment of outlet operations and potential rehabilitation measures.
Using WDN-tailored complex network centrality metrics to assess isolation valve system reliability
Authors: Laucelli Daniele Biagio , Ciliberti Francesco G , Berardi Luigi , Mauro Giuseppe , Giustolisi Orazio
Published: January 2023

Mechanical reliability Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) depends on the Isolation Valve System (IVS). In fact, in the event of accidental disruptions or planned maintenance works, segments of the WDNs need to be temporarily disconnected by closing isolation valves to allow pipes repair. This maneuver it modifies the WDN topology and relevant hydraulic behavior. In this paper a recent approach for IVS reliability based on the Complex Network Theory (CNT) has been applied. It couples the construction of the graph of segments and isolation valves generated by the IVS with the risk of segment interruptions, using several WDN-tailored centrality metrics. The study is demonstrated on a real WDN using a Digital Water Service developed ad hoc for enabling technicians and water utilities in targeting the most critical valves in case of failure and thereby defining a lineup for valves inspections and maintenance.
Enhanced affinity law for centrifugal pumps at variable speed
Authors: Susan-Resiga Romeo Florin , Bosioc Alin Ilie , Stuparu Adrian Ciprian
Published: January 2023

The paper presents a novel approach for analytical representation of specific energy E and torque T curves versus discharge Q and speed N, for centrifugal pumps operated at variable speed both in pump and turbine mode. An enhanced polynomial expression valid for both E(Q,N ) and T(Q,N) is introduced and validated against experimental data.
Experimental study of the flow induced by an axial hydrokinetic turbine
Authors: Danca Paul , Bunea Florentina , Babutanu Corina , Nedelcu Adrian , Grecu Ionut Stelian
Published: January 2023

The renewable energy policy strongly encourages the use of all renewable sources of energy. The authors started to develop a new hydrokinetic turbine to be implemented in small rivers or water channels with a low investment cost. This paper presents velocity map distribution around a hydrokinetic turbine prototype. Experimental measurements were performed using a Particle Image Velocimetry system in a water channel, while the water velocity and turbine rotation speed were variated. Images are presented in the same rotor position and the rotational flow is captured downstream of the blades, at different turbine operating modes. This paper is part of a larger study on developing an innovative axial hydrokinetic turbine. The resulting velocity distribution will be used to validate the numerical model.
La3+ substitution impact on structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of CoFe2O4 synthesized via sucrose auto-combustion
Authors: Al-Juaid A A
Published: January 2023

Lanthanum (La)-substituted cobalt ferrites CoFe2-x
La
x
O4 (x = 0.00–0.09) were successfully prepared using the sucrose sol-gel auto-combustion route. La-substitution effects on the structural, magnetic, and electrical/dielectric characteristics were investigated using different techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results displayed a deviation from the single-phase structure at La-content ≥ 0.04 because of the formation of orthorhombic LaFeO3 at the boundaries of the grains. Both XRD and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements showed that the crystal structure had not been significantly affected by La-substitution attributed to the crystallization out of this LaFeO3. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements revealed gradual decreases in the magnetization as the La-content increases, which could be referred to as the decrease in the super-exchange interaction in the octahedral sites because of the preferential substitution of large ionic radius La3+ ions in the octahedral positions. As the antiferromagnetic LaFeO3 formed, a severe reduction in the magnetization appeared. The increase in the magnetization at 0.09 was attributed to the cationic redistribution among sublattices. On the other hand, the coercivity data indicated the hard magnetic characteristics of all the samples. The electrical conductivity results showed the semiconducting character of all samples with obvious decreases with increasing La-content. According to Verwey’s hopping mechanism, these decreases were attributed to the preferential occupation of La3+ by octahedral positions. Dielectric results versus temperature indicated anomalies relaxations around 460 K with the successive addition of lanthanum attributed to the electrical inhomogeneity that occurred due to oxygen vacancy created or the Maxwell-Wagner mechanism.