bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, activity inferred through a continental acoustic tracking network
Authors: Clarke Thomas M. , Whitmarsh Sasha K. , Jaine Fabrice R. A. , Taylor Matt D. , Brodie Stephanie , Payne Nicholas L. , Butcher Paul A. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Davey Joshua , Huveneers Charlie
Published: October 2023

Identifying the species response to changing environments can contribute towards proactive and adaptable resource management and, although obtaining observations can be logistically challenging for aquatic species, can be postulated through monitoring.

A network of acoustic tracking receivers (n = 93) across south‐eastern Australia was used to identify the effects of environmental conditions on the activity of the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi, n = 63), an economically important species with a crucial role in pelagic ecosystems. Activity (measured via tri‐axial acceleration) provides an insight into the energetic expenditure of animals, which is linked to movement, behaviour, and physiological processes.

Kingfish activity was strongly influenced by sea surface temperature and hour of day, with smaller effects from distance to nearest landmass and bathymetry. Activity also decreased during higher tides and periods of greater moon fraction. Findings show that the energetic responses of kingfish are sensitive to long‐ and short‐term changes, which can regulate behaviours and physiological processes. Changes in kingfish activity and movement (residency and space use) were further investigated at a seasonal aggregation in a small temperate estuary (approx. 120 km2; Coffin Bay, South Australia), where individuals remained during the austral spring and summer (September–April), with a complete exodus in winter. Fifty per cent of tagged fish returned to this estuary in three consecutive years, indicating its importance for aggregating kingfish.

While residing in Coffin Bay, kingfish activity varied between interconnected areas, with temperature, hour of day, tide height, and moon fraction again identified as important explanatory variables. These findings have implications for the energetic budgets of large pelagic fish in subtropical and temperate regions, which are facing rapidly changing climates.

These results are important for understanding and accounting for the potential responses and physiological impacts of future climatic conditions on migratory pelagic species.
Impatience for information: Curiosity is here today, gone tomorrow
Authors: Molnar Andras , Golman Russell
Published: October 2023

Based on the curiosity‐as‐drive theory and the theory of information gaps, we argue that curiosity—that is, the desire to seek out novel information for its own sake—is highly transient, and while people may be tempted by immediate answers, they may be less motivated when they need to wait for information. Contrary to standard economic models, we predict an immediacy effect (or present bias) for information even in those cases when waiting does not affect the objective value of information. Furthermore, we argue that this immediacy effect is independent from motivated emotion‐management; that is, introducing delays makes people less willing to obtain information for its own sake even when information does not elicit strong anticipatory feelings. We test these hypotheses in two pre‐registered experiments (N = 2406) featuring real effort and monetary incentives and find that introducing a delay in information provision significantly reduces participants' willingness to obtain information. In Study 1, we also show that people display a stronger immediacy effect for information than for monetary rewards. In Study 2, we demonstrate that people are impatient for information regardless of how they expect to feel after receiving the information, and even when the perceived instrumental value of information remains unaffected by the delay. The strong impatience for information in both studies is consistent with the notion that curiosity acts as a drive, and as such, is highly transient.
Changes in serum levels of pain mediators in hemiplegic shoulder pain
Authors: Lei Mincong , Wang Yidi , Chen Qian , Huang Peng , Li Yige , Jia Yuanyuan , Meng Dianhuai
Published: October 2023

Objective

To provide a new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) by investigating changes in serum pain mediators.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Subjects/patients

Shoulder pain group (n = 34) and control group (n = 21).

Methods

Pain‐free shoulder mobility, anxiety status, depression status, and shoulder pain were measured by passive range of motion (PROM), self‐rating anxiety scale, self‐rating depression scale (SDS), and visual analog scale, respectively. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the serum pain mediators, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), bradykinin (BK), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).

Results

Shoulder pain group pain‐free PROM significantly lower than control (p < .01), and SDS index score of shoulder pain group was significantly higher than control (p < .05). The rate of spasticity in the flexor elbow muscles is higher in shoulder pain group (p < .01). CGRP, IL‐10, and IL‐2 were significantly upregulated in shoulder pain group compared with control (p < .01), whereas NGF, TNF‐α, IL‐6, 5‐HT, PGE2, SP, LPA, BK, and IL‐1β were significantly decreased (p < .01).

Conclusion

Patients with HSP have a higher risk of joint mobility disorders and depression; spasticity may be an important factor in the development of shoulder pain; CGRP is thought to be the major pain mediator in HSP, and HSP may not be inflammatory.
Functional brain changes after alternative pharmacological interventions in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Lotfinia Shahab , Afshar Amin , Yaseri Aram , Olff Miranda , Quidé Yann
Published: October 2023

Background

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex and heterogeneous mental health condition that can develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Clinical trials have used alternative pharmacological agents to treat PTSD, but their associated neural correlates remain unclear. The present systematic review aims to summarize the changes in brain function associated with the use of these alternative pharmacological agents in PTSD.

Methods

Clinical trials using functional magnetic resonance imaging, either at rest or during the performance of tasks, were included if they compared the effects of alternative pharmacological agents between PTSD patients and either trauma‐exposed controls or never‐exposed healthy controls.

Results

Sixteen studies were included, of which 11 used intranasal oxytocin, 2 used hydrocortisone, and 3 used delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Oxytocin administration was associated with the normalization of functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala as well as enhanced the function of brain regions specifically involved in emotion processing (e.g., amygdala), working memory (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and reward (e.g., putamen). Hydrocortisone did not influence brain function at rest or during the performance of an autobiographical memory task, whereas THC was associated with the reduction of the amygdala and increased medial prefrontal cortex activation.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified preliminary evidence for normalizing brain function after the use of alternative pharmacological agents. Importantly, sex‐specific differences were noted, in particular when using oxytocin, that will require further investigation.
Psychopathology and history of mental healthcare among male detainees transferred to a facility for managing otherwise uncontrollable in‐prison violence: An exploratory study
Authors: van der Vorst Ellen , Kuin Niki C. , van Koppen Vere , Harte Joke M.
Published: October 2023

Background

In‐prison violence by detainees is a problem worldwide, but despite evidence of a much higher prevalence of a range of psychiatric disorders than in the general population, little is known about psychopathology among violent detainees.

Aims

Our aim was to explore the psychopathology and mental healthcare history of Dutch detainees who were transferred to the highly restrictive facility for uncontrollably violent detainees following severe in‐prison violence.

Methods

Anonymised data for all 253 male detainees incarcerated at any time between January 2016 and January 2020 in the specialist national facility for those seriously violent while in prison—‘the Violence Facility’—were obtained from the Dutch Ministry of Justice together with similarly recorded data for a matched comparison group of 253 detainees admitted to an in‐prison psychiatric facility—‘the Psychiatric Facility’.

Results

There was no record of any psychiatric assessment for 29% of the Violence Facility men. Almost all of the detainees who had been assessed were classified with at least one disorder. Compared to detainees in the Psychiatric Facility, Violence Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, behavioural and personality disorders; Psychiatric Facility men were more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis or substance use disorder. Most men in both groups had previously used mental health services.

Conclusions

This first study of detainees in the Dutch in‐prison facility for violent detainees raises questions about whether the extent of violence among these men may have masked mental healthcare needs and leads to questions about potential benefits from establishing more systematic mental health assessments for them, and a need for more specialist services.
A case of hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Xing Hao , Ma Luyao , Wang Longfei , Zhang Qian , Jin Zhenjing
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

In this report we highlight a case of HPS secondary to B‐cell lymphoma, aiming to facilitate the early recognition and treatment of HPS in its classic presentation by clinicians.
Delayed cerebellar ataxia induced by Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A rare complication
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Misbah El‐Sadig Sarah , Eltigani Hala Fathi , Musa Ahmed Mudawi , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Ahmed Ayman
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

In endemic areas, malaria‐induced cerebellar ataxia should be suspected in patients presenting with neurological disorders including slurred speech, tremors, and a sense of imbalance and dizziness while walking. Healthcare providers should be aware to properly investigate and early detect and manage infections associated with the development of cerebellar ataxia to improve the case management and clinical outcome cost‐effectively.

Here, we report the clinical manifestations, investigations, and outcomes of a patient developed delayed cerebellar ataxia following a malaria infection: an unusual complication of the disease. This report highlights the diagnostic challenges in a country endemic with several infectious diseases, yet it has a limited diagnostic and surveillance capacity.
A case report on rare finding of microfilaria in pus sample of an ulcer over elephantiasis leg
Authors: Adhikary Manoj , Pandey Kshitiz , Lamichhane Sadikchya , Pandey Pratik
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Skin ulcerations are a significant cause of morbidity and can be challenging to manage. Among the various causes of chronic non‐healing ulcers, lymphedema is also considered a possible diagnosis in countries such as Nepal. Lymphatic filariasis has been a significant public health issue in endemic areas. Wuchereria bancrofti is a common nematode parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis. Excessive retention of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial compartment can cause localized tissue swelling, known as lymphedema, which is caused by impaired lymphatic drainage. Microfilariae can be detected in peripheral blood, body fluids, and needle aspirates. Microfilaria is not commonly found in ulcers on elephantiasis legs. We discuss here a case of 73‐year‐old women with elephantiasis legs with pus discharging ulcers in the thighs. Microscopic examination of pus discharge revealed microfilaria which highlights the importance of pus examination as diagnostic modality in endemic countries.
Genomic ancestry in kidney cancer: Correlations with clinical and molecular features
Authors: Kotecha Ritesh R. , Knezevic Andrea , Arora Kanika , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Kuo Fengshen , Carlo Maria I. , Fitzgerald Kelly N. , Feldman Darren R. , Shah Neil J. , Reznik Ed , Hakimi A. Ari , Carrot‐Zhang Jian , Mandelker Diana , Berger Michael , Lee Chung‐Han , Motzer Robert J. , Voss Martin H.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Genetic ancestry (GA) refers to population hereditary patterns that contribute to phenotypic differences seen among race/ethnicity groups, and differences among GA groups may highlight unique biological determinants that add to our understanding of health care disparities.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was performed and correlated GA with clinicopathologic, somatic, and germline molecular data. All patients underwent next‐generation sequencing of normal and tumor DNA using Memorial Sloan Kettering‐Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets, and contribution of African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), Native American, and South Asian (SAS) ancestry was inferred through supervised ADMIXTURE. Molecular data was compared across GA groups by Fisher exact test and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results

In 953 patients with RCC, the GA distribution was: EUR (78%), AFR (4.9%), EAS (2.5%), SAS (2%), Native American (0.2%), and Admixed (12.2%). GA distribution varied by tumor histology and international metastatic RCC database consortium disease risk status (intermediate‐poor: EUR 58%, AFR 88%, EAS 74%, and SAS 73%). Pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline variants in cancer‐predisposition genes varied (16% EUR, 23% AFR, 8% EAS, and 0% SAS), and most occurred in CHEK2 in EUR (3.1%) and FH in AFR (15.4%). In patients with clear cell RCC, somatic alteration incidence varied with significant enrichment in BAP1 alterations (EUR 17%, AFR 50%, SAS 29%; p = .01). Comparing AFR and EUR groups within The Cancer Genome Atlas, significant differences were identified in angiogenesis and inflammatory pathways.

Conclusion

Differences in clinical and molecular data by GA highlight population‐specific variations in patients with RCC. Exploration of both genetic and nongenetic variables remains critical to optimize efforts to overcome health‐related disparities.
Blueshift in Trifurcated Hydrogen Bonds: A Tradeoff between Tetrel Bonding and Steric Repulsion
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Lucas , van der Voort Storm , Burema Shiri R. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: October 2023

We have quantum chemically investigated the origin of the atypical blueshift of the H−C bond stretching frequency in the hydrogen‐bonded complex X−•••H3C−Y (X, Y=F, Cl, Br, I), as compared to the corresponding redshift occurring in Cl−•••H3N and Cl−•••H3C−H, using relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/QZ4P. Previously, this blueshift was attributed, among others, to the contraction of the H−C bonds as the H3C moiety becomes less pyramidal. Herein, we provide quantitative evidence that, instead, the blueshift arises from a direct and strong X−•••C interaction of the HOMO of A− with the backside lobe on carbon of the low‐lying C−Y antibonding σ* LUMO of the H3C−Y fragment. This X−•••C bond, in essence a tetrel bond, pushes the H atoms towards a shorter H−C distance and makes the H3C moiety more planar. The blueshift may, therefore, serve as a diagnostic for tetrel bonding.
A case of delayed perforation after cold snare polypectomy treated conservatively by endoscopic clip closure
Authors: Iida Toshifumi , Minato Yohei , Banjoya Susumu , Kimura Tomoya , Furuta Koichi , Nagae Shinya , Ito Yohei , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Takeuchi Nao , Takayanagi Shunya , Kano Yuki , Sakuno Takashi , Ono Kohei , Ohata Ken
Published: October 2023

We present the case of a 45‐year‐old man who underwent a screening total colonoscopy and developed delayed perforation after a cold snare polypectomy in the descending colon and sigmoid colon. The patient developed abdominal pain and was referred to our department for further evaluation and treatment. On clinical examination, we noted lower abdominal tenderness, mild rebound pain, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Abdominal contrast‐enhanced computed tomography confirmed the presence of free air in the abdomen. Since there were no signs of peritoneal inflammation and the vital signs were stable, we planned to perform endoscopic clip closure of the perforated area. The patient's symptoms improved with conservative management thereafter, including fasting, fluid replacement, and antibiotic administration. The patient was discharged on the 6th hospital day. In this case report, we discuss the usefulness of endoscopic clip closure in managing delayed perforation.
Forest restoration treatments indirectly diversify pollination networks via floral‐ and temperature‐mediated effects
Authors: Davies Cora B. , Davis Thomas Seth , Griswold Terry
Published: October 2023

In North American conifer forests, a variety of federally initiated thinning programs are implemented to restore pre‐European settlement forest structures, but these changes may impact ecosystem function via impacts on sensitive biotic communities. Across the wildland–urban interface of the Front Range region of Colorado, agencies associated with the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP) have implemented thinning treatments across thousands of hectares of ponderosa pine forest; here we leverage these treatments as an experimental framework to examine thinning effects on a pollinator community. We measured variation in forest structure and sampled bee community assemblages using multiple methods (trapping and netting) to compare bee biodiversity and patterns of floral visitation by bees (bee–flower networks) between mechanically thinned stands that were 3–10 years after treatment and nonthinned stands. Three key findings emerged: (1) Native bee abundance, richness, and diversity were 120%, 53%, and 37% greater, respectively, in thinned stands. In addition, nestedness, richness, and abundance of bee–flower interactions were all substantially higher in thinned stands, and there was increased functional redundancy in bee assemblages after thinning. (2) Structural equation modeling indicated that variation in temperature and floral abundance were mediated by canopy openness and correlated with bee richness and abundance, thereby indirectly driving variation in bee–flower interactions. (3) Four floral species (Penstemon virens,Cerastium arvense,Erysimum capitatum, andGeranium caespitosum) were identified as key connectors in bee–flower interaction networks, though these were not necessarily the most abundant flowering plants. Our analyses indicate that native bee α‐diversity and bee–flower interactions positively responded to thinning treatments, and these effects were indirectly driven by canopy removal. We conclude that CFLRP treatments have conservation value for native bee communities. Further monitoring is warranted to evaluate the longevity of these effects.
Sex differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Chaphekar Anita V. , Vargas Ruben , Nguyen Anthony , Downey Amanda E. , Patel Khushi P. , Ganson Kyle T. , Stuart Elena , Vendlinski Siena , Buckelew Sara M. , Garber Andrea K.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine sex differences in cholesterol and triglyceride levels among adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of eating disorders.

Methods

A retrospective electronic medical record review of patients aged 9–25 years admitted to the University of California, San Francisco Eating Disorders Program for medical stabilization, between 2012 and 2020, was conducted. Non‐fasting total cholesterol and triglycerides were collected; however, LDL and HDL levels were not available.

Results

Among 83 males and 441 females, mean ± SD age was 15.5 ± 2.8 years, 64.1% had anorexia nervosa, and admission percent median body mass index was 87.3 ± 13.9. The proportion of males and females with high total cholesterol (13.3% vs. 18.1%, Cramer's V = 0.05, p = .28) and high triglyceride levels (9.6% vs. 8.1%, Cramer's V = 0.02, p = .63) did not differ. Mean total cholesterol levels were higher in females compared to males (F 169.6 ± 41.1 mg/dL vs. M 154.5 ± 45.1 mg/dL, Cohen's d = 0.36, p = .003), although a majority were within the normal range. In adjusted linear regression models, male (compared to female) sex (B = −14.40, 95% CI −24.54, −4.27) and higher percent median body mass index (B = −0.33, 95% CI −0.60, −0.06) were associated with lower total cholesterol levels in adjusted models (R2 = 0.04).

Discussion

Building on prior work showing equally severe complications of eating disorders in males compared to females, we did not find sex differences in those presenting with high total cholesterol or triglycerides. Future research is needed to understand the pathophysiology and role of dyslipidemia in acute malnutrition, and the impact of nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration.

Public Significance

We found that the proportion of male and female adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of an eating disorder with high total cholesterol did not significantly differ. Although average total cholesterol levels were higher in female compared to male patients with eating disorders, a majority of these levels remained within the normal range. Patients with more severe malnutrition had a higher risk of elevated total cholesterol levels. Clinicians should consider monitoring cholesterol levels in young people hospitalized for restrictive eating disorders.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals that a novel form of phenotypic plasticity evolved via lineage‐specific changes in gene expression
Authors: Isdaner Andrew J. , Levis Nicholas A. , Pfennig David W.
Published: October 2023

Novel forms of phenotypic plasticity may evolve by lineage‐specific changes or by co‐opting mechanisms from more general forms of plasticity. Here, we evaluated whether a novel resource polyphenism in New World spadefoot toads (genus Spea) evolved by co‐opting mechanisms from an ancestral form of plasticity common in anurans—accelerating larval development rate in response to pond drying. We compared overlap in differentially expressed genes between alternative trophic morphs constituting the polyphenism in Spea versus those found between tadpoles of Old World spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates) when experiencing different pond‐drying regimes. Specifically, we (1) generated a de novo transcriptome and conducted differential gene expression analysis in Spea multiplicata, (2) utilized existing gene expression data and a recently published transcriptome for Pelobates cultripes when exposed to different drying regimes, and (3) identified unique and overlapping differentially expressed transcripts. We found thousands of differentially expressed genes between S. multiplicata morphs that were involved in major developmental reorganization, but the vast majority of these were not differentially expressed in P. cultripes. Thus, S. multiplicata's novel polyphenism appears to have arisen primarily through lineage‐specific changes in gene expression and not by co‐opting existing patterns of gene expression involved in pond‐drying plasticity. Therefore, although ancestral stress responses might jump‐start evolutionary innovation, substantial lineage‐specific modification might be needed to refine these responses into more complex forms of plasticity.
Single‐cell phenotyping of bacteria combined with deep sequencing for improved contextualization of microbiome analyses
Authors: Budzinski Lisa , von Goetze Victoria , Chang Hyun‐Dong
Published: October 2023

Great effort was made to characterize the bacterial communities inhabiting the human body as a factor in disease, resulting in the realization that a wide spectrum of diseases is associated with an altered composition of the microbiome. However, the identification of disease‐relevant bacteria has been hindered by the high cross‐sectional diversity of individual microbiomes, and in most cases, it remains unclear whether the observed alterations are cause or consequence of disease. Hence, innovative analysis approaches are required that enable inquiries of the microbiome beyond mere taxonomic cataloging. This review highlights the utility of microbiota flow cytometry, a single‐cell analysis platform to directly interrogate cellular interactions, cell conditions, and crosstalk with the host's immune system within the microbiome to take into consideration the role of microbes as critical interaction partners of the host and the spectrum of microbiome alterations, beyond compositional changes. In conjunction with advanced sequencing approaches it could reveal the genetic potential of target bacteria and advance our understanding of taxonomic diversity and gene usage in the context of the microenvironment. Single‐cell bacterial phenotyping has the potential to change our perspective on the human microbiome and empower microbiome research for the development of microbiome‐based therapy approaches and personalized medicine.
Optimal operation and control of smart energy systems
Authors: Hui Hongxun , Chen Tao , Wang Han , Wang Sheng
Published: October 2023

This editorial provides a summary of the topics and papers selected for the Special Issue on “optimal operation and control of smart energy systems”. After undergoing a rigorous review process, 10 papers have been accepted for publication. These papers cover various aspects of smart energy systems and are distributed as follows: control strategy of distributed resources (two papers), optimal operation of energy systems under uncertainties (three papers), defect detection and risk evaluation of energy systems (two papers), low‐carbon economical energy systems (three papers). The Guest Editorial Board hopes this Special Issue can provide valuable information for future research and advancements in the field of optimal operation and control of smart energy systems.
A synthesis of available detrital zircon data from the Qilian‐Qaidam‐Kunlun collage, northern Tibet
Authors: He Weidong , Sun Jiaopeng , Dong Yunpeng , Qian Tao , Wang Teng , He Lei , Qi Yukun
Published: October 2023

In this article, we present a brief introduction to the procedure, methods and results of the collection and summarization of an updated detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology database for the Qilian‐Qaidam‐Kunlun collage in northern Tibet. A total of 620 samples with 59,830 raw data were compiled from 121 published papers, including 70 samples with in‐situ detrital zircon Lu–Hf isotopes. Samples from seven different geologic subunits are categorized. For sediments with different ages of deposition, we highlight the characteristics of age spans, probability density distributions, major peaks and εHf(t) values. Further syntheses of this metadata collection, the detailed raw data of which will be periodically accessible in the Deep‐Time Digital Earth repository, would be effectively applied to a variety of scientific attempts concerning the geologic history of the Qilian‐Qaidam‐Kunlun collage, in particular, provenance analyses, crustal evolution studies and supercontinent reconstructions.
Effects of formal mentoring support onnewcomer–protégéaffective organizational commitment: aself‐concept‐based perspective
Authors: Birtch Thomas A. , Cai Zhenyao , Chiang Flora F. T.
Published: October 2023

The study proposes and tests a self‐concept‐based perspective for the effects of formal mentoring support on affective organizational commitment (AOC) via multiple mediators. Using time‐lagged multi‐source dyadic data (n = 203), we demonstrate that formal mentoring support significantly influences newcomer–protégés' AOC through an underlying self‐evaluative mechanism indicated by organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE), even in the presence of a well‐established alternative mediator (perceived organizational support; POS). Moreover, we further demonstrate when or under what circumstances such effects might be attenuated or exaggerated by introducing a salient boundary condition to such a process (i.e., perceived mentor organizational prototypicality). As the findings reveal, by making newcomer–protégés feel good about themselves in the workplace (i.e., perceive self‐value) formal mentoring support can also promote organizational commitment, effects that are likely to be amplified when the formal mentor is perceived to be prototypical of the organization. Thus, bridging the mentoring and socialization literatures, the inclusion of our proposed mediators and moderator and testing their relationships simultaneously not only provides a more nuanced view of the underlying mechanisms through which the effects of formal mentoring support are channeled to influence newcomer–protégés' work attitudes but it offers new theoretical elaboration and contextual understanding that we hope will prompt future research and be of benefit to human resource practitioners. Implications to theory, practice and future research directions are discussed.
Differences in time to patient access to innovative cancer medicines in six European countries
Authors: Vancoppenolle Julie M. , Franzen Nora , Koole Simone N. , Retèl Valesca P. , van Harten Wim H.
Published: October 2023

Patients across Europe face inequity regarding access to anticancer medicines. While access is typically evaluated through reimbursement status or sales data, patients can receive first access through early access programs (EAPs) or off‐label use. This study aims to assess the time to patient access at the hospital level, considering different indications and countries. (Pre‐)registered access to six innovative medicines (Olaparib, Niraparib, Ipilimumab, Osimeritinib, Nivolumab and Ibritunib) was measured using a cross‐sectional survey. First patient access to medicines and indications were collected using the hospital databases. Nineteen hospitals from Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and France participated. Analysis showed that some hospitals achieved patient access before national reimbursement, primarily through EAPs. The average time from EMA‐approval to patient access for these medicines was 2.1 years (Range: −0.9‐7.1 years). Hospitals in Italy and France had faster access compared to Hungary and Belgium. Variation was also found within countries, with specialized hospitals (x̄: −0.9 years; SD: 2.0) more likely to provide patient access prior to national reimbursement than general hospitals (x̄: 0.4 years; SD: 2.9). Contextual differences were observed, with EAPs or off‐label use being more prevalent in Switzerland than Hungary. Recent EMA‐approved indications and drug combinations reached patients at a later stage. Substantial variation in patient access time was observed between and within countries. Improving pricing and reimbursement timelines, fostering collaboration between national health authorities and market authorization holders, and implementing nationally harmonized, data‐generating EAPs can enhance timely and equitable patient access to innovative cancer treatments in Europe.
Range and variability of CBF in young adults: PC‐MRI and ASL studies
Authors: Su Feng‐Yi , Peng Shin‐Lei
Published: October 2023

Several studies have compared phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) with arterial spin labeling (ASL) in the same cohort of subjects. However, these earlier comparisons included subjects across a wide age range, which can contribute to increased intersubject variability. We compared the range and variability of CBF based on PC‐MRI and ASL in a group of young subjects. We also explored whether the comparison between PC‐MRI and ASL was dependent on sex. Thirty young subjects (17 females) were recruited in this study. The CBF from PC‐MRI (CBFPC) was calculated as the total blood flow normalized to brain parenchyma mass. The CBF from ASL (CBFASL) was quantified based on the perfusion kinetic model. The ratio between CBFASL and CBFPC was calculated. Females exhibited significantly higher CBF using both PC‐MRI (p < 0.05) and ASL (p < 0.005) compared with males. The disparity in CBF between sexes was more prominent in ASL measurements. A significant correlation was observed between CBFPC and CBFASL values (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), and CBFASL tended to be lower than CBFPC values (p < 0.001). This difference between CBFASL and CBFPC was more pronounced in males, as evidenced by the smaller CBFASL/CBFPC ratio in males (p < 0.05). The measurement of global CBF with PC‐MRI and ASL are correlated, but CBFASL exhibits lower values than CBFPC. As the underestimation of CBFASL is prominent in males, ASL amplifies the sexual dimorphism in CBF compared with PC‐MRI.
E‐trading and services quality effects on stock exchange in a developing country: A study of Dhaka stock exchange
Authors: Hoque Shah Md Safiul , Magd Hesham , Ashraf Mohammad , Osman Abu Zafar Md Rashed , Hoque Shah Mohammad Mazeedul
Published: October 2023

In a developing country like Bangladesh, Members' satisfaction with stock exchanges was examined in this study based on the quality of e‐trading services. Five specific objectives were set to accomplish the main objective. This study further used a tangibility dimension, empathy factor, and responsiveness dimension to define E‐trading service quality. We conducted a descriptive and explanatory survey with 192 participants and 186 respondents (96.8%). The research design consisted of a mix of descriptive and explanatory methods. Data were collected through survey questionnaires with Likert scales using the SPSS (version 25) software program. Data analysis and interpretation were carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that both the Dhaka e‐trading center and stock exchange moderately practiced all study variables. The level of member satisfaction with stock exchange services is significantly influenced by the level of reliability, tangibility, empathy, assurance, and responsiveness of that service. Using regression analysis, it has been found that the dimensions of E‐trading service quality can explain 57.5% of the variation in stock exchange members' satisfaction. There is a positive statistically significant relationship between members' satisfaction with reliability, assurance, tangibility, and empathy, and no statistically significant relationship between members' satisfaction with responsiveness. Thus, exchange management bodies should improve practices regarding these dimensions of E‐trading service quality to increase member satisfaction.
Farm‐level evaluation of area‐ and agroclimatic‐based index insurance
Authors: Tsiboe Francis , Tack Jesse , Yu Jisang
Published: October 2023

We utilize over 190,000 historical farm‐level dryland row‐crop yield observations (corn, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat) spanning over 7000 Kansas farms from 1973 to 2018 coupled with agroclimatic variables to assess the performance of a broad range of weather‐ and area‐based insurance products. Results showed substantial levels of basis risk across agroclimatic‐based indices, limited ability to reduce income variability under fair pricing, and underperformance relative to area‐based yield products. Growth‐stage specific heat indices for corn and soybeans may offer an effective risk management tool. Implications in the context of current agricultural policy initiatives and climate change adaptation are discussed.
Renal stiffness measured by shear wave elastography and its relationship with perirenal fat in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Yiming , Liu Yongzhan , Gao Lili , Tian Chuan
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to utilize shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess changes in renal stiffness and its influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) across different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories. It also sought to determine the correlation between perirenal fat (PF) and renal stiffness at various stages of CKD.

Methods

A total of 190 CKD patients and 50 healthy controls were evaluated. Clinical parameters, conventional renal ultrasound measurements, PF, and renal stiffness trends were assessed separately. Factors independently associated with renal stiffness and PF were further analyzed.

Results

Renal parenchymal stiffness was significantly higher in the Albumin‐CKD G1‐2 (ALB‐CKD G1‐2) and CKD G3 groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The parenchymal stiffness of the CKD G3 group was higher than that of the ALB‐CKD G1‐2 group (p < 0.05). The independent factors of renal parenchymal stiffness varied at different stages of disease development, with eGFR and PF being significant factors in the CKD G3 group. PF was elevated in the ALB‐CKD G1‐2 and CKD G3 groups compared to the control group, and the independent factors of PF varied across different stages, although waist circumference remained a common factor.

Conclusion

Using SWE to detect renal elastic moduli can effectively assess changes in renal stiffness in patients with CKD with varying eGFRs. PF is an independent factor of renal stiffness in patients with CKD G3, providing a foundation for early diagnosis and clinical treatment.
Cancer patients' experience of receiving variant of uncertain significance results: An Asian perspective
Authors: Ishak Nur Diana , Shaw Tarryn , Li Shao‐Tzu , Yuen Jeanette , Goh Hui Xuan , Chua Zi Yang , Suresh Priyadharshini , Que Frances Victoria F. , Zhang Zewen , Chiang Jianbang , Ngeow Joanne
Published: October 2023

Due to a lack of ancestry‐matched, functional, and segregation data, Asians have a higher rate of receiving a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) result following panel testing. Managing VUS results presents challenges, as it often leads to increased anxiety and distress among cancer patients undergoing genetic testing. This exploratory study aims to investigate the experience of Asian cancer patients upon receiving a VUS result. A qualitative, semi‐structured interview study was conducted, involving cancer patients who had received a VUS result through the Cancer Genetics Service of the National Cancer Centre Singapore. Twenty participants were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes: (1) VUS results are interpreted as uncertain outcomes; (2) a VUS result provides relief and prompts positive behavioral adjustments; (3) patients employ fatalism and religion as coping mechanisms to navigate uncertainty; (4) genetic counselors, family, and the community offer reassurance and support; (5) patients value updates on variant classifications for future management. While this novel study provides unique insights into the perspectives of Asian patients who receive VUS results, it also highlights patients' effective management of VUS results and uncertainty, which has implications for improving counseling practices in Asia. Emphasis must be placed on accurate interpretation and clear communication of VUS results to dispel the possibility of misconceptions, misdiagnosis, and mismanagement in cancer care.
Characteristics of right pulmonary vein with an epicardial connection needing additional carina ablation for isolation
Authors: Nehashi Takeshi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Nodera Minoru , Yamada Shinya , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: October 2023

Background

This study thought to elucidate the anatomical features that can predict an epicardial connection (EC) between the right pulmonary vein (RPV) and right atrium.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 251 consecutive patients undergoing initial radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation. We defined EC as present when RPV could not be isolated with circumferential ablation and additional ablation for the conduction gap if needed, and RPV isolation could be achieved by ablation for the earliest activation site >10 mm inside the initial ablation line. Using computed tomography data, we evaluated the RPV bifurcation angle, and the area occupation ratio of the carina region to the RPV antrum (ARC) for predicting EC. In subjects with EC undergoing RPV activation mapping after circumferential ablation, the correlation between conduction delay and bipolar/unipolar potential voltage in the carina region was investigated.

Results

There were ECs in 45 out of 251 patients (17.9%). The RPV bifurcation angle (47.7° vs. 38.8°, p < .001) and ARC (37.2% vs. 29.7%, p < .001) were significantly greater in the EC (+) group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RPV bifurcation angle (odds ratio [OR]: 1.994, p = .002) and ARC (OR: 3.490, p = .013) were independent predictors of EC. In nine patients with EC undergoing carina region mapping, the unipolar potential voltage was correlated with conduction delay in RPV with EC (R = −0.401, p < .001).

Conclusion

Anatomical features suggesting a wider RPV carina region could predict the presence of EC, and potential with high voltage could be helpful for detecting EC connection sites.
Fog analysis of airports in the northeast of Turkey in the last decade
Authors: Uğurluel Gülneşe , Deniz Ali , Özdemir Emrah Tuncay
Published: October 2023

Fog is one of the important meteorological phenomena that play a critical role in the aircraft flying conditions and at airports. Fog events can lead to serious damage to the airport operations and the economy due to low visibility conditions and interrupting transportation. This study aims to explain the characteristics of the fogs occurring at the airports of the Kars, Agrı, and Igdır cities where located in the northeast of Turkey and neighbouring Georgia, Armenia, Nakhchivan, and Iran, and evaluate fog types. Within the scope of the study, a total of 3792 foggy aviation routine weather reports (METAR) and selected aviation special weather reports (SPECI) observations of the 10 years; from 2011 to 2020 were used for Igdır Şehit Bülent Aydın Airport (International Civil Aviation Organization [ICAO] code: LTCT), Kars Harakani Airport (LTCF) and Agrı Ahmed‐i Hani Airport (LTCO). During the time period studied, the number of foggy days in LTCT, LTCF, and LTCO was 41, 296, and 464, respectively. Fog events were most frequent from November to March, with December, January, and February being the most active months. August and September have no fog events in all three airports. Fog formation occurs usually at night hours and reaches a maximum around sunrise. Based on the physical formation mechanism, in LTCT, precipitation fog (PCP) was dominant at 39.02%; in LTCF and LTCO, radiation fog (RAD) was dominant at 33.11% and 58.84%, respectively.
Compound wind and precipitation extremes at a global scale based on CMIP6 models: Evaluation, projection and uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Yang Yi , Tang Jianping
Published: October 2023

Compound wind and precipitation extremes (CWPEs) amplify risk to human health, socio‐economic and ecological systems relative to their single extreme meteorological events. Given the rise in weather and climate extremes resulting from global warming, it is crucial to evaluate the ability of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to capture this bivariate compound event and explore projected changes of CWPEs in the future under different climate‐change scenarios—the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. In this study, we first evaluate 14 CMIP6 models at a global scale using the ERA5 reanalysis data set spanning 1979–2014. Overall, some of the CMIP6 models, especially the multi‐model ensemble mean (MMEM), can reasonably capture CWPEs during the historical period, with more CWPEs in the northern and southern hemispheres during their respective cold seasons. However, the MMEM tends to overestimate CWPEs in some land areas and show underestimation in some oceanic regions. Then we compute projected changes of CWPEs in periods 1 (2041–2070) and 2 (2071–2100) under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios. Low emission scenarios effectively mitigate the long‐term increase in future CWPEs. The occurrence of CWPEs will change significantly with the increase of emissions during period 2, particularly in polar regions. Finally, we quantify the uncertainty for global future projections of CWPE changes. The main sources of uncertainty are internal variability and model uncertainty, but the contribution of scenario uncertainty will increase as time progresses. Overall, our results provide useful information to cope with CWPEs' global impact, emphasizing the importance of incorporating the compound nature of weather and climate extremes in future climate projections.
Impact of southern annular mode on the Indian Ocean surface waves
Authors: Sreejith Meenakshi , Remya P. G. , Praveen Kumar B. , Srinivas G. , Balakrishnan Nair T. M.
Published: October 2023

Interannual climate modes, especially the southern annular mode (SAM), significantly influence the wave climate modulation of the Indian Ocean (IO). The present study, aligned with previous research, identifies two crucial swell generation regions in the IO: the extratropical southern Indian Ocean (ETSI) and the tropical southern Indian Ocean (TSIO). The SAM, governing Southern Ocean  surface winds, significantly shapes wave generation in these zones, thereby dominantly regulating IO wave conditions. Positive SAM phases shifts the westerlies poleward creating significant negative anomalies in the northern ETSI, reducing wave generation and swell propagation into the northern IO (NIO) basins, while the positive wind anomalies in the western TSIO creates a new swell generation area that directs swells towards the Arabian Sea, elevating wave heights there during monsoons. Conversely, negative SAM phases enhance TSIO easterlies, making it the primary IO swell source, increasing swell activity in the Bay of Bengal, notably during premonsoon and monsoon seasons. SAM impact expands beyond swells, influencing NIO wave climate by altering wind seas through Hadley cell (HC) circulation shifts. Positive SAM phases trigger NIO and midlatitude anomalous warming, intensifying HC and NIO surface winds in the next season, thereby affecting convection and subsequent sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly changes. The “SAM positive anomaly wind‐SST oscillations (SPAWSO)” pattern emerges, where warm SST anomalies in DJF and JJA precede increased surface winds in MAM and SON, thus increasing the wind‐sea conditions in the NIO. SPAWSO, hence, acts as a delayed mode, season‐dependent positive air–sea interaction cycle linked to positive SAM phases, significantly impacting NIO's wind‐sea dynamics. Thus the present study provides better insights into the long‐term wave prediction accuracy in the IO by considering the direct swell influence and SPAWSO‐driven wind‐sea changes, aiding preparations for changing wave dynamics and their impacts.