bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are large macroalgal blooms necessarily bad? nutrient impacts on seagrass in upwelling‐influenced estuaries
Authors: Hessing-Lewis Margot L. , Hacker Sally D. , Menge Bruce A. , McConville Sea-oh , Henderson Jeremy
Published: December 2014

Knowledge of nutrient pathways and their resulting ecological interactions can alleviate numerous environmental problems associated with nutrient increases in both natural and managed systems. Although not unique, coastal systems are particularly prone to complex ecological interactions resulting from nutrient inputs from both the land and sea. Nutrient inputs to coastal systems often spur ulvoid macroalgal blooms, with negative consequences for seagrasses, primarily through shading, as well as through changes in local biogeochemistry. We conducted complementary field and mesocosm experiments in an upwelling‐influenced estuary, where marine‐derived nutrients dominate, to understand the direct and indirect effects of nutrients on the macroalgal–eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) interaction. In the field experiment, we found weak evidence that nutrients and/or macroalgal treatments had a negative effect on eelgrass. However, in the mesocosm experiment, we found that a combination of nutrient and macroalgal treatments led to strongly negative eelgrass responses, primarily via indirect effects associated with macroalgal additions. Together, increased total light attenuation and decreased sediment oxygen levels were associated with larger effects on eelgrass than shading alone, which was evaluated using mimic algae treatments that did not alter sediment redox potential. Nutrient addition in the mesocosms directly affected seagrass density, biomass, and morphology, but not as strongly as macroalgae. We hypothesize that the contrary results from these parallel experiments are a consequence of differences in the hydrodynamics between field and mesocosm settings. We suggest that the high rates of water movement and tidal submersion of our intertidal field experiments alleviated the light reduction and negative biogeochemical changes in the sediment associated with macroalgal canopies, as well as the nutrient effects observed in the mesocosm experiments. Furthermore, adaptation of ulvoids and eelgrass to high, but variable, background nutrient concentrations in upwelling‐influenced estuaries may partly explain the venue‐specific results reported here. In order to manage critical seagrass habitats, nutrient criteria and macroalgal indicators must consider variability in marine‐based nutrient delivery and local physical conditions among estuaries.
Wild state secrets: ultra‐sensitive measurement of micro‐movement can reveal internal processes in animals
Authors: Wilson Rory P , Grundy Ed , Massy Richard , Soltis Joseph , Tysse Brenda , Holton Mark , Cai Yuzhi , Parrott Andy , Downey Luke A , Qasem Lama , Butt Tariq
Published: December 2014

Assessment of animal internal “state” – which includes hormonal, disease, nutritional, and emotional states – is normally considered the province of laboratory work, since its determination in animals in the wild is considered more difficult. However, we show that accelerometers attached externally to animals as diverse as elephants, cockroaches, and humans display consistent signal differences in micro‐movement that are indicative of internal state. Originally used to elucidate the behavior of wild animals, accelerometers also have great potential for highlighting animal actions, which are considered as responses stemming from the interplay between internal state and external environment. Advances in accelerometry may help wildlife managers understand how internal state is linked to behavior and movement, and thus clarify issues ranging from how animals cope with the presence of newly constructed roads to how diseased animals might change movement patterns and therefore modulate disease spread.
Facile synthesis of water-soluble curcumin nanocrystals
Authors: Markovic Zoran , Prekodravac Jovana , Tosic Dragana , Holclajtner-Antunovic Ivanka , Milosavljevic Momir , Dramicanin Miroslav , Todorovic-Markovic Biljana
Published: December 2014

In this paper, facile synthesis of water soluble curcumin nanocrystals is
reported. Solvent exchange method was applied to synthesize curcumin
nanocrystals. Different techniques were used to characterize the structural
and photophysical properties of curcumin nanocrystals. We found that
nanocurcumin prepared by this method had good chemical and physical
stability, could be stored in the powder form at room temperature, and was
freely dispersible in water. It was established that the size of curcumin
nanocrystals was varied in the range of 20-500 nm. Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy and UV-Vis analyses showed the presence of tetrahydrofuran
inside the curcumin nanocrystals. Also, it was found that nanocurcumin
emitted photoluminescencewith yellow-green colour.
A 14-Year Old Girl with Reversible Hypoglycemic Episodes: The Role of ASVS
Authors: Smith Alisha , Thornton Paul S. , Galliani Carlos A. , Miller James P. , Dykes Jennifer , Leung-Pineda Van
Published: December 2014

We present the case of a 14-year-old female who experienced several episodes of reversible altered mental status triggered by hypoglycemia. Following endocrine investigation, she was diagnosed with insulinoma. Insulinoma, a rare, differentiated, and functioning neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas overproduces insulin, thus leading to hypoglycemic episodes. Conventional imaging failed to detect the lesion; therefore, arterial calcium stimulation with venous sampling (ASVS) was used for preoperative localization. The patient recovered without complications after surgical enucleation of the tumor. The ASVS is a useful method for localizing insulinomas when conventional imaging techniques fail, and can help reduce morbidities associated with surgical excision.
Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
Authors: Kawamura Yuniya
Published: December 2014

Western fashion has been widely appreciated and consumed in Tokyo for decades, but since the mid-1990s Japanese youth have been playing a crucial role in forming their own unique fashion communities and producing creative styles which have had a major impact on fashion globally.

Geographically and stylistically defined, subcultures such as Lolita in Harajuku, Gyaru and Gyaru-o in Shibuya, Age-jo in Shinjuku, and Mori Girl in Kouenji, reflect the affiliation and identities of their members, and have often blurred the boundary between professionals and amateurs for models, photographers, merchandisers and designers.

Based on insightful ethnographic fieldwork in Tokyo, Fashioning Japanese Subcultures is the first theoretical and analytical study on Japan's contemporary youth subcultures and their stylistic expressions. It is essential reading for students, scholars and anyone interested in fashion, sociology and subcultures.
Time window for postoperative reactive enhancement after resection of brain tumors: less than 72 hours
Authors: Lescher Stephanie , Schniewindt Sonja , Jurcoane Alina , Senft Christian , Hattingen Elke
Published: December 2014

Object

Early postoperative MRI within 72 hours after brain tumor surgery is commonly used to assess residual contrast-enhancing tumor. The 72-hour window is commonly accepted because previous 1.5-T MRI studies have not found confounding postoperative reactive contrast enhancement in this time frame. The sensitivity to detect contrast enhancement increases with the field strengths. Therefore, the authors aimed to assess whether the 72-hour window is also appropriate for the MRI scanner with a field strength of 3 T.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed findings on early postsurgical MR images acquired in 46 patients treated for high-grade gliomas. They performed 3-T MRI within 7 days before surgery and within 72 hours thereafter. The appearance of enhancement was categorized as postoperative reactive enhancement or tumoral enhancement by comparison with the pattern and location of presurgical enhancing tumor.

Results

Postoperative reactive enhancement was present in 15 patients (32.6%). This enhancement, not seen on presurgical MRI, had a marginal or leptomeningeal/dural pattern. In 13 patients (28.3%) postsurgical enhancement was found within the first 72 postoperative hours, with the earliest seen 22:57 hours after surgery. Subsequent MR scans in patients with postoperative reactive enhancement did not reveal tumor recurrence in these regions.

Conclusions

Postoperative reactive enhancement earlier than 72 hours after brain tumor surgery can be expected in about one-third of the cases in which a 3-T scanner is used. This might be due to the higher enhancement-to-brain contrast at higher field strengths. Therefore, the time window of 72 hours does not prevent reactive enhancement, which, however, can be recognized as such comparing it with presurgical enhancing tumor.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase status and molecular subclasses of glioma and glioblastoma
Authors: Agnihotri Sameer , Aldape Kenneth D. , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: December 2014

Diffuse gliomas and secondary glioblastomas (GBMs) that develop from low-grade gliomas are a common and incurable class of brain tumor. Mutations in the metabolic enzyme glioblastomas (IDH1) represent a distinguishing feature of low-grade gliomas and secondary GBMs. IDH1 mutations are one of the most common and earliest detectable genetic alterations in low-grade diffuse gliomas, and evidence supports this mutation as a driver of gliomagenesis. Here, the authors highlight the biological consequences of IDH1 mutations in gliomas, the clinical and therapeutic/diagnostic implications, and the molecular subtypes of these tumors. They also explore, in brief, the non-IDH1–mutated gliomas, including primary GBMs, and the molecular subtypes and drivers of these tumors. A fundamental understanding of the diversity of GBMs and lower-grade gliomas will ultimately allow for more effective treatments and predictors of survival.
Bevacizumab for glioblastoma: current indications, surgical implications, and future directions
Authors: Castro Brandyn A. , Aghi Manish K.
Published: December 2014

Initial enthusiasm after promising Phase II trials for treating recurrent glioblastomas with the antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab—a neutralizing antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor—was tempered by recent Phase III trials showing no efficacy for treating newly diagnosed glioblastomas. As a result, there is uncertainty about the appropriate indications for the use of bevacizumab in glioblastoma treatment. There are also concerns about the effects of bevacizumab on wound healing that neurosurgeons must be aware of. In addition, biochemical evidence suggests a percentage of tumors treated with bevacizumab for an extended period of time will undergo transformation into a more biologically aggressive and invasive phenotype with a particularly poor prognosis. Despite these concerns, there remain numerous examples of radiological and clinical improvement after bevacizumab treatment, particularly in patients with recurrent glioblastoma with limited therapeutic options. In this paper, the authors review clinical results with bevacizumab for glioblastoma treatment to date, ongoing trials designed to address unanswered questions, current clinical indications based on existing data, neurosurgical implications of bevacizumab use in patients with glioblastoma, the current scientific understanding of the tumor response to short- and long-term bevacizumab treatment, and future studies that will need to be undertaken to enable this treatment to fulfill its therapeutic promise for glioblastoma.
How Can Radio Frequency Identification Technology Impact Nursing Practice?
Authors: Billingsley Luanne , Wyld David
Published: December 2014

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can save nurses time, improve quality of care, enhance patient and staff safety, and decrease costs. However, without a better understanding of these systems and their benefits to patients and hospitals, nurses may be slower to recommend, implement, or adopt RFID technology into practice.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(12):528–529.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Assistance for Percutaneous Repair of the Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Giannetti Silvio , Patricola Alessandro Antonio , Stancati Andrea , Santucci Attillio
Published: December 2014

Various methods have been used to treat the acute Achilles tendon rupture. Traditional open repair is associated with a higher rate of complications. Percutaneous methods avoid most of the disadvantages of open surgical treatment, but the degree of tendon regeneration cannot be ensured. The authors prospectively followed 40 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture who underwent percutaneous repair with intraoperative ultrasound assistance an average of 13 months after the injury. No surgery-related complications, such as wounds or deep infections, sural nerve injury, or re-rupture, were detected at follow-up. This technique avoids injury to the sural nerve, minimizes wound complications, and provides a strong repair. [
Orthopedics.
2014; 37(12):820–824.]
BMP-7 Versus BMP-2 for the Treatment of Long Bone Nonunion
Authors: Conway Janet D. , Shabtai Lior , Bauernschub Alexandra , Specht Stacy C.
Published: December 2014

The authors compared the results of treating nonunion with either bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 or BMP-2. Between 2001 and 2009, 214 limb segments were treated for nonunion with either BMP-7 or BMP-2 at the authors’ institution. Sixty-three subjects received 76 units of BMP-7. Radiographic healing occurred in 70% of limb segments at an average of 30 weeks after surgery, and 75% of limb segments were weight bearing at an average of 23 weeks after surgery. In 15.8%, persistent nonunion necessitated additional surgery. Average follow-up was 32 months. One hundred twelve subjects received 138 units of BMP-2. Radiographic healing occurred in 93% of limb segments at an average of 19 weeks after surgery, and 88% were weight bearing at an average of 15 weeks after surgery. In 6.25%, persistent nonunion necessitated additional surgery. Average follow-up was 17 months. Several significant differences were observed. Patients in both BMP-7 and BMP-2 groups were able to fully weight bear at an average of 23 and 15 weeks, respectively (P<.001). Further, both BMP-7 and BMP-2 groups healed at an average of 30 and 19 weeks, respectively (P<.001). Additionally, healing occurred in more limb segments in the BMP-2 group (93%) than in the BMP-7 group (70%) (P<.001). No difference in the complication rate was seen between groups. Patients who received BMP-2 for the treatment of nonunion had a higher rate of radiographic healing, achieved radiographic healing more quickly, and were able to bear weight sooner than those who underwent treatment with BMP-7. [Orthopedics.2014; 37(12):e1049–e1057.]
Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in Low Myopia
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:

To report the visual and refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia using the VisuMax femtosecond laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive small incision lenticule extraction procedures was performed for low myopia. Inclusion criteria were preoperative spherical equivalent refraction up to −3.50 diopters (D), cylinder up to 1.50 D, and corrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better. Outcomes analysis was performed for all eyes with 1-year follow-up according to the Standard Graphs for Reporting Refractive Surgery, and also including mesopic contrast sensitivity.

RESULTS:

One-year data were available for 110 eyes (92%). Preoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was −2.61 ± 0.54 D (range: −1.03 to −3.50 D) and mean cylinder was 0.55 ± 0.38 D (range: 0.00 to 1.50 D). Postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.05 ± 0.36 D (range: −0.94 to +1.25 D) and mean cylinder was ±0.50 D in 84% and ±1.00 D in 99% of eyes. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 96% of eyes and 20/25 or better in 100% of eyes. One line of corrected distance visual acuity was lost in 9%, but no eyes lost two or more lines. There was an initial overcorrection in mean spherical equivalent refraction on day 1 (+0.37 D) as expected, which regressed to +0.10 D at 1 month and −0.05 D at 3 months, after which stability was reached (mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.05 D at 1 year). Contrast sensitivity at 1 year was slightly increased at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Small incision lenticule extraction for low myopia was found to be safe and effective with outcomes similar to those previously reported for LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):812–818.]
Los efectos térmicos del Complejo Plutónico de Santa Eulalia (sur de Portugal) en las rocas metaígneas y metasedimentarias encajantes
Authors: Cruz C. , Ribeiro M. A. , Sant’Ovaia H. , Martins H. C.B.
Published: December 2014

El Complejo Plutónico de Santa Eulalia (CPSE) es un cuerpo granítico tardi-Varisco situado en la parte norte de la Zona de Ossa Morena, en la zona interior del Macizo Ibérico Varisco. Las rocas encajantes del CPSE están compuestas por unidades meta-ígneas y metasedimentarias, de edades que van desde el Proterozoico Superior hasta el Paleozoico, con una estructura de dirección NW-SE, cortada por el CPSE. Las rocas encanjantes del CPSE, con metamorfismo de bajo grado conservan estructuras, mineralogía y textura primarias. El efecto térmicoinducido por el CPSE se limita a los roof pendants. Al N y NE del CPSE, las texturas y paragénesis resultantes del metamorfismo térmico, no están relacionadas con la intrusión del CPSE sino con un magmatismo anterior, controlado por anisotropías regionales NW- SE.
La restricción de los efectos térmicos al techo del pluton puede ser causada por una combinación de varios factores interrelacionados: mayor volumen de masa granítica, un efecto térmico por la advección de fluidos y el período de prevalencia de altas condiciones térmicas.
Los datos geoquímicos de las rocas encanjantes del CPSE muestran el carácter heterogéneo y la diversidad de rocas sedimentarias, metasedimentarias, ígneas y meta-ígneas. El análisis de los datos geoquímicos indica que todas las litologías sedimentarias y metasedimentarias han derivado de la corteza continental superior, mientras las rocas ígneas y meta-ígneas tienen una composición que no muestra evidencias de efectos metasomáticos por el emplazamiento del CPSE.
Las grietas de la clausura tridentina. Polémicas y limitaciones de las políticas de encerramiento de las monjas…Todavía con Felipe IV
Authors: Atienza López Ángela
Published: December 2014

Trento prescribió la observancia de clausura estricta para las monjas. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al análisis de la recepción y realización de estas disposiciones mostrando que la idea del triunfo de esa disciplina claustral decretada es muy discutible. El proceso estuvo marcado por numerosos problemas. Un siglo después de Trento, Felipe IV todavía clamaba ante la situación existente y desplegaría una ofensiva política para conseguir su imposición. El estudio de esta documentación permite mostrar las «grietas» de la clausura tridentina: cómo la falta de consenso fue inexistente en las mismas instancias del poder eclesiástico y secular y eso dificultaría su aplicación, cómo también la realidad de la profesión y de la vida conventual impuso sus limitaciones entorpeciendo el éxito, cómo las religiosas resistieron y fueron apoyadas por distintos sectores sociales y cómo, en definitiva, la praxis cotidiana de la clausura discurriría por cauces en los que las normas de rigor podían ser, en cada tiempo y lugar, reconsideradas, podían encontrar sus ajustes y acomodos más o menos indulgentes, negociados y renegociados en el discurrir diario, y las tensiones suscitadas podían ser superadas.
Quality Improvement or Research—Deciding Which Road to Take
Authors: Stausmire Julie M.
Published: December 2014

Critical care nurses are constantly challenged to provide safe, high-quality patient care at a low cost with increasingly scarce resources while implementing the latest evidence-based practices into their own clinical practice. This article is the first in a 4-part series to provide a practical quality improvement guide for critical care nurses interested in implementing system process or performance improvement projects within their own units. Part 1 is designed to answer the question “What method is better for measuring real-world patient outcomes—quality improvement or clinical research?” A broad overview of the differences between quality improvement and clinical research is provided. A newly published checklist to differentiate between attributes of each process is introduced, and readers can test their own knowledge between quality improvement and research with a quick quiz of studies recently published in Critical Care Nurse.
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Bone Treated with Surgery and Radiotherapy
Authors: Paryani Nitesh N. , Daugherty Larry C. , O'Connor Mary I. , Jiang Liuyan
Published: December 2014

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, benign histiocyte disorder originally described by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969 as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. It most typically presents as massive, painless cervical lymphadenopathy, and it is most often found in adolescents and young adults. Extranodal involvement is a common feature of RDD and may occur in more than 40% of patients. Less commonly, the disease can be seen in the bone. There are scattered case reports discussing the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of RDD. Here, we present a case of extranodal RDD of the femur in a 49-year-old African American female. The patient underwent three surgical procedures prior to undergoing radiotherapy. Pathology was consistent with extranodal RDD. The cells stained positive for CD68 and S-100. Pathognomonic features such as emperipolesis and replacement of the bone marrow by diffuse infiltrating of histiocytes and intervening bands of plasma cells proliferation were noted. Prior to radiotherapy, the patient required a walker to assist with ambulation and was utilizing a wheelchair while in the clinic. The decision was made to proceed with 30 Gy of external beam radiotherapy in 15 fractions. After five fractions, the patient's pain resolved entirely. She no longer required pain medication and was ambulating without assistance. She experienced no adverse events from the radiation. Extranodal RDD is a rare disorder, and evidence for treatment is derived from scattered case reports. Previous reports have indicated a dose response to radiotherapy in the 20-30 Gy range for RDD; however, our patient developed complete resolution of her symptoms after 10 Gy. While the optimal dose regimen has not yet been established, symptomatic patients appear to benefit from external beam radiotherapy for extranodal RDD.
Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: II. Environmental drivers
Authors: Strohbach Ben J. , Kutuahuripa Josephat T.
Published: December 2014

The eastern communal conservancies are situated along the western fringe of the Kalahari basin. Under a very short rainfall gradient, the vegetation abruptly changes from microphyllous Acacia-dominated savannas to mesophyll savannas, dominated by Terminalia sericea and Combretum spp. We hypothesise that this is caused by changes in soil moisture availability brought about by changes in soil texture from loamy soils to deep sands (the ‘inverse texture effect’). For this analysis, we used vegetation and soils data derived from a recognisance survey of the natural resources of the study area. As the sites in the soil and vegetation surveys did not overlap, it was decided to use only synoptic data for the plant associations in the analysis. Non-metric multidimesional scaling ordination was utilised as ordination technique of the vegetation data and various environmental parameters, including soil texture, soil hydraulic parameters, climatic and fire regime parameters, were overlaid as biplots onto the resulting graph, as were various plant functional attributes particularly related to climatic conditions. The main environmental gradient identified within the study area is the rainfall gradient. This relatively short gradient, however, does not explain the marked change in vegetation observed within the study area. This change is attributed to the change in soil type, in particular, the soil texture and the associated soil hydraulic parameters of the soil. This gradient is closely correlated to leaf size, explaining the change from microphyll savannas to mesophyll savannas along the change from loamy to sandy soils. One of the lesser understood mechanisms for the survival of these mesophyll plants on sandy soils seems to be a deep root system, which is actively involved in water redistribution within the soil profile – by hydraulic lift, inverse hydraulic lift and stem flow.Conservation implications: Understanding these mechanisms will greatly assist in understanding savanna dynamics. With the threat of global climate change, we postulate that the vegetation will gradually change from the present mesophyll to a microphyll savanna, but that the grass sward will probably not develop very well. Shrub and tree removal (‘bush harvesting’) is likely to speed up the desertification process within this area.
Health Information Technology in Oncology Practice: A Literature Review
Authors: Fasola G. , Macerelli M. , Follador A. , Rihawi K. , Aprile G. , Mea V. Della
Published: December 2014

The adoption and implementation of information technology are dramatically remodeling healthcare services all over the world, resulting in an unstoppable and sometimes overwhelming process. After the introduction of the main elements of electronic health records and a description of what every cancer-care professional should be familiar with, we present a narrative review focusing on the current use of computerized clinical information and decision systems in oncology practice. Following a detailed analysis of the many coveted goals that oncologists have reached while embracing informatics progress, the authors suggest how to overcome the main obstacles for a complete physicians’ engagement and for a full information technology adoption, and try to forecast what the future holds.
FocalCall: An R Package for the Annotation of Focal Copy Number Aberrations
Authors: Krijgsman Oscar , Benner Christian , Meijer Gerrit A. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Ylstra Bauke
Published: December 2014

In order to identify somatic focal copy number aberrations (CNAs) in cancer specimens and to distinguish them from germ-line copy number variations (CNVs), we developed the software package FocalCall. FocalCall enables user-defined size cutoffs to recognize focal aberrations and builds on established array comparative genomic hybridization segmentation and calling algorithms. To distinguish CNAs from CNVs, the algorithm uses matched patient normal signals as references or, if this is not available, a list with known CNVs in a population. Furthermore, FocalCall differentiates between homozygous and heterozygous deletions as well as between gains and amplifications and is applicable to high-resolution array and sequencing data.

AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION:

FocalCall is available as an R-package from: https://github.com/OscarKrijgsman/focalCall . The R-package will be available in Bioconductor.org as of release 3.0.
Positioning Steinbeck's Automobiles:
Authors: DeLucia Laura
Published: December 2014

Steinbeck's depiction of vehicles in The Grapes of Wrath reflects his nuanced automotive knowledge and his journalist's eye for detail, and much has been said about the symbolic nature of the Joad's 1926 Hudson Super Six as he depicts it. Time has eroded current readers' understanding of the semiotic significances of their vehicle of deliverance and the other vehicles they encounter in the course of the novel. Just as a BMW or Corvette expresses status today, automobiles communicated cultural, political, and economic position in the Depression era. Steinbeck clearly intended to convey class and social standing with specific makes and models; however, readers today cannot place a 1925 Dodge or a 1926 Hudson Super Six in a meaningful social context, leaving a gap in potential understanding. I exhume the cultural valences of the automobiles that populate The Grapes of Wrath and reveal these significances in practical terms of cost, advertising, and styling. This will reveal larger social and economic patterns of an emerging consumerist class and the shift from an agrarian to an industrial America.
Wentiomyces sp. from plant litter on poor fen in northeastern Poland
Authors: Wilk Mateusz , Pawłowska Julia , Wrzosek Marta
Published: December 2014

During research carried on peatlands in northeastern Poland, small leaf-litter ascomycete identified as Wentiomyces sp. was found on decaying litter of Sphagnum sp. and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The taxonomy of this genus remains obscure, and there are still few and incidental published records in the mycological literature. This taxon is therefore described in the present paper in more detail and a short overview on the current knowledge regarding ecology and systematics of Wentiomyces spp. is provided.
L’auto-entrepreneur : une utopie libérale dans la société salariale ?
Authors: Abdelnour Sarah
Published: December 2014

L’article se propose d’analyser les ressorts qui font passer l’auto-entrepreneuriat d’une utopie administrative et économique – la création d’entreprise sans formalités et sans risques – à une utopie politique et sociale – l’initiative individuelle comme pilier de l’ordre social. Il mobilise une enquête (par archives et entretiens) portant sur la genèse de ce régime dérogatoire de création d’entreprise mis en place en 2009, qui incite les chômeurs à créer leur emploi tout en institutionnalisant plus largement le cumul des revenus pour tous. L’article met en lumière la présentation de ce dispositif comme instrument de libération du travail, contre les ordres régulés du salariat et de l’artisanat. Il analyse ensuite une justification majeure de cette croisade contre les réglementations du marché du travail : la lutte contre l’exclusion. Les règles sont en effet présentées comme desservant les plus démunis socialement, et le libéralisme entrepreneurial prend alors les atours d’une « troisième voie », fédératrice d’intérêts variés, dans le champ politique et hors de ce champ.
Le pouvoir subversif de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Quelle consistance ?
Authors: Darbus Fanny
Published: December 2014

L’article cherche à interroger la consistance du pouvoir subversif de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Il s’agit de voir en quoi les pratiques de cette économie dite alternative sont matériellement subversives, ou du moins se différencient de celles qui prévalent dans les sous-espaces économiques où elles évoluent. Dans cette perspective, notre objet consiste à voir si ceux qui placent leurs pratiques économiques sous le référent ESS sont porteurs d’intentions de transformation en matière de normes économiques, ou s’ils sont mus par d’autres objectifs.
L’engagement au travail : entre militance effective et contraintes dissimulées
Authors: Morales La Mura Quidora
Published: December 2014

L’article propose d’interroger les tensions auxquelles sont soumis les salariés associatifs au sein d’organisations revendicatives telles que les associations de défense de consommateurs. Ces associations, qui ont pour particularité d’organiser des consommateurs pour la défense de leurs intérêts, déploient un répertoire d’actions varié qui passe par la représentation des consommateurs dans l’espace public, leur information et les conseils juridiques individuels en cas de litiges. Ces actions appellent une expertise certaine et une continuité de l’activité dont les salariés sont des acteurs non négligeables. Le contexte associatif et revendicatif dans lequel ils agissent place la question de l’engagement au travail au centre des tensions liées à l’imbrication délicate de l’organisation du travail et du fonctionnement démocratique de ces associations.
Review of M. Lacorte (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Hispanic applied linguistics
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: December 2014

Book review.
Tourism Applications of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Japan
Authors: VAFADARI KAZEM
Published: December 2014

The concept of agricultural heritage emphasizes synergies between heritage andagriculture to explain the role of heritage tourism activities in globally importantagricultural sites. The study determined the tourism applications of globallyimportant agricultural heritage systems in Japan. The study used the descriptiveanalyticdesign including documentaryanalysis. The resultsshowedpracticalexampleof tourismanddevelopmentinSatoyamaasatool forconservationandrurallivelihooddiversification.The study concludes that GIAHS providesaparticipatingapproachthatallowslocalpeopletodeterminetheirmainconcernsandexpectations based on what tourism developmentpolicies should form.Keywords: Ecology, heritage tourism, Satoyama, agricultural heritage, descriptive design, Japan
In vitro Tissue Culture of Brassica oleracea var Italica Curd
Authors: SEGISMUNDO ALMA B. , RUADAP MAY EVELIA V.
Published: December 2014

This experimental research determined the feasibility of micropropagating in vitro,broccoli from its curd through plant tissue culture technology to be able to produceplants that are free from any disease. The growth of broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar Italica curd in vitro was measured in terms of organ formation and the cultures’average height (cm) after the observation period. It also determined the percentsurvivorship of the plant cultures after the observation period. The method usedwas adopted from Balcita (2011) utilizing the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS)medium. Result of the study show that broccoli plantlets grew from the curd after asix-week observation period. Addition of thiamine in the culture medium protectedthe cultures from bacterial or fungal infections, thus coming up with very healthyplantlets and a high survivorship of the cultures was also observed. In conclusion,propagation of broccoli curd in vitro is feasible using the modified Murashige andSkoog (MS) medium; plantlets with roots, stem, leaves, and curd with florets can grow directly from the broccoli curd; and there is a high percent survivorship in thecultures with the addition of thiamine in the culture medium.
Floral Phenology of Bee Pasture Plants in Northwestern Cagayan (Phase 1)
Authors: CACATIAN SHELLA B. , PACRIS, JR. FROILAN A. , GARAN LINA M.
Published: December 2014

Sufficient knowledge of floral phenology is the prerequisite to startbeekeeping. In August 2010 to July 2011, the researchers conducted a study inNorthwestern Cagayan to determine the existing bee flora and develop a floralcalendar in relation to pollen and nectar availability in the area. The study useddescriptive research utilizing quadrant method to obtain the data for this study.Analysis of data included frequency count. Based on ocular observations andsurvey, 55 plant species were highly abundant sources for honey and pollen.These species were identified as tree, palm, herb, and weeds. The study ascertains sixteen flowering plants as extremely important as those blossoms continually.The honey flow period is on March to May with the most number of bloomingplants like Artocarpus ovatus, Premna odorata, Antidesma bunius, Dipterocarpspp., Gliricidia sepium, Coffea sp., Diospyros philippinensis, Pterocarpus spp., Vitexparviflora, Melanolepis multiglandolosa and Ficus variegata. The dearth periodis July to September as Semaena saman, Terminalia microcarpa, and Portulaceaoleracea only bloom during these months. Northwestern Cagayan is suitable toinitiate bee farming. However, climatic factors restrict the phenological periodof most species. Plant attributes and taxonomic membership strongly relate toflowering phenodynamics in the different floras studied.Keywords: Ecology and conservation, floral phenology, bee flora, honey flow, dearthperiod, descriptive research, Philippines
Assessment of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. in the Soil in Different Tomato Growing Areas in Lantapan, Bukidnon
Authors: BAUTISTA CECILIA V.
Published: December 2014

This study assessed the occurrence and severity of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. in the soil of seven tomato growing areas in Lantapan,Bukidnon. Soils collected at 20cm, 40cm, and 60cm depth were assessed for thepresence of Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi et al. using Kelman’sTetrazolium Chloride (TZC) medium. Result of the study reveals that the sevencommunities were infested with R. solanacearum (E. F. Smith). The highestbacterial plate counts were observed at 20 cm soil depth that differed significantlyfrom 40cm and 60cm depth in all barangays. Among the barangays, Basak hadthe highest bacterial count that also differed significantly from that of the otherbarangays. It is recommended that solanaceous crops not to be planted whilethe bacterium can still be recovered in the soil. A follow-up study should beconducted to determine if the strains of R. solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabaguchiet al. are presently affecting tomato in Lantapan, Bukidnon.Keywords: Ecology and Conservation, assessment, occurrence, infested,soil depth,experimental design,Lantapan, Bukidnon
Some Aspects of Biology and Management of Nematopalemon tenuipes (Aramang)
Authors: CULASING ROMEO C.
Published: December 2014

The study assessed the growth and reproduction parameters of aramang -length infinity (Loo), growth constant (K), maturity size, recruitment size, andpeaks of spawning. These factors were considered biologically and economicallyon the formulation of proposed management scheme. Findings of the studywere presented to the LGU of Aparri, particularly the Sanguniang Bayan, forit to integrate them into its management and conservation plan or measures tosustain exploitation at sustainable level. Samples were in total length, classifiedas egg bearing and non-egg bearing, and data of lengths were subjected to FishStock Assessment Tool (FiSAT). Results show that aramang reached a maximumlength of 86 mm, size at recruitment was at 26 mm, and the smallest sample witheggs was 29 mm in length. The Von Bertalanffy Growth Constant was K=1.40indicating that aramang is fast growing and has a short life span. Egg-bearingsamples were highest in March (53.74%), September (62.00%) and October (55.00%). The non-egg bearing samples were highest in January (80.26 %) and May (56.88%) with an annual average of (53.28%). The monthly average lengthof the catch increased from January at 43.91 mm to October at 55.25 mm. Basedon the results, a proposed management scheme was drafted for consideration byconcerned agencies for alamang resource.Keywords: Biology, management, aramang, Paleamon sp., descriptive design, Cagayan, Philippines
Chitin from Portunus pelagicus (Crab) Shells as a Potential Adsorbent for Common Water Contaminants
Authors: LARINO RANEL C. , BOOC MA. CECILIA B. , DEMCO APHRYL DANRIL B. , GODA ALMA VIDA C.
Published: December 2014

Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells are considered a delicacy by many throughoutAsia. In most instances, the specie is highly prized as the meat is sweet. This studywas conducted to investigate the common water-contaminant adsorption capacityof chitin from Portunus pelagicus (crab) shells under different concentrations and compare its adsorption capacity with that of standard adsorbents.Demineralization was done to the shells using a standard HCl solution for 24hours to remove all existing minerals. The demineralization and deproteinationprocesses were based on the methods of Takiguchi (1991). Demineralizedand deproteinized crab-shell was subjected to qualitative tests to confirm thepresence of chitin using the methods of Richards and Campbell. The percentageadsorption activities were determined by comparing the concentration of thecontaminants before and after chitin were added to the solution. It was observedthat adsorption activity increases as concentration of chitin increases. Thus, itis more effective in higher concentrations. The results revealed that chitin fromPortunus pelagicus offer adsorption sites for the common water contaminantssince it is composed of chitin fibrils, arranged with units of amino groups andoxygen that makes it ideal for adsorbing different materials; hence, it can be anefficient substitute for synthetic adsorbents for common water contaminants forit does not pose any danger to human health.Keywords: Marine biology, portunus pelagicus, turbidity, demineralized, deproteinized,chitin, absorption, pH, mercury, lead, experimental design, Philippines
Guinea Pig Models of Asthma
Authors: McGovern Alice E. , Mazzone Stuart B.
Published: December 2014

Described in this unit are methods for establishing guinea pig models of asthma. Sufficient detail is provided to enable investigators to study bronchoconstriction, cough, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Silk fibroin nanofibers electrospun on glass fiber as a potential device for solid phase microextraction
Authors: Müller Vinícius , Cestari Marília , Palácio Soraya M. , de Campos Sílvia D. , Muniz Edvani C. , de Campos Elvio A.
Published: December 2014

The electrospinning technique was applied to coat fused silica fibers with regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) nanofibers, aiming to build a device applicable for solid phase microextraction analysis. The device was characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), and scanning electron microscopy, and employed to extract/desorb isopropyl alcohol (IPA) from the headspace of an IPA aqueous solution. The electrospun coating proved to be thermally stable up to 250°C, even after 4 h of exposure to this temperature. A 22 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the flow rate of the polymer solution and the distance between capillary tip and collector on the mean RSF fiber diameter. A low flow rate (0.20 mL h−1) and large capillary tip‐to‐collector distance (12 cm) yielded fibers with mean diameter of (304 ± 46 nm). The nanofibers were heated to 250°C, simulating the conditions in the injector of a gas chromatograph (GC). In these conditions, the RSF nanofibers were found not to melt even after 4 h of exposure to heat, although slight structural damage was detected. Preliminary assays using the as‐constructed device built under optimized electrospinning conditions (0.20 mL h−1 and 12 cm) were performed in a GC by contact with the headspace of a 50 ppm IPA solution to determine the extraction and desorption times. The results indicated that the extraction process stabilized after 20 min of contact with the headspace of the IPA solution. The desorption process was complete after 10 min at 140°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41717.
Contribution of coherent structures to the buoyancy heat flux under different conditions of stationarity over Amazonian forest sites
Authors: Zeri Marcelo , Sá Leonardo Deane A. , Nobre Carlos A.
Published: December 2014

The contribution of coherent structures (CSs) to daytime buoyancy heat flux was calculated for three forest sites in the Amazon region and a wetland site. Ejections and sweeps had similar contributions to fluxes at all sites, and when decomposing this contribution in scales, the resulting spectra were narrower for the forests. When accounting for times scales from 10 to 200s, CSs contributed to approximately 80% of fluxes for Caxiuanã forest site, with lower values for other locations. Among the forest, the contribution for the Jaru site was the lowest (≈66%) due to peak of contribution being close to 200s.
Vertical temperature wave number spectra of the Martian lower atmosphere
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Ramkumar T. K.
Published: December 2014

We report that often vertical wave number spectra of the Martian lower atmospheric temperature are distinctly different from that normally observed for the Earth's atmosphere. In many cases, the observed spectra show wave saturation characteristics (log–log slope of −3) even at wave numbers greater than the ones corresponding to dissipative regime (log–log slope of −5/3), a kind of which is not reported so far for the Earth's atmosphere. Also, some times, steep spectral slopes are obtained at smaller wave numbers near the ones associated with dissipation and positive slopes are noticed at the higher end of the wave numbers of spectra.
Auswertung der Europäischen Nationalen Anhänge zum Eurocode 2
Authors: Ignatiadis Anett , Fingerloos Frank , Hegger Josef , Teworte Frederik
Published: December 2014

Eurocode 2 besteht aus vier Teilen, die zusammen mit den entsprechenden Nationalen Anhängen der CEN‐Mitgliedsstaaten anzuwenden sind. Die Nationalen Anhänge wurden vor allem eingeführt, um die nationalen Sicherheitsstandards in den verschiedenen Ländern über die NDP anpassen und regionale Aspekte berücksichtigen zu können.

Das CEN (Europäisches Komitee für Normung) wird alle Eurocodes etwa bis zum Jahr 2018 überarbeiten und erweitern. Neben der Verbesserung der Anwenderfreundlichkeit steht dabei auch eine weitere Harmonisierung insbesondere durch Reduktion der nationalen Regelungen in den Eurocodes im Fokus.

Um die Anzahl der NDP zu reduzieren, die Anwendung zu vereinfachen und die weitere Harmonisierung ohne Änderung der Grundstruktur und der Bemessungsmodelle des Eurocode 2 zu fördern, erfolgte zunächst ein Vergleich und eine Analyse der unterschiedlichen Nationalen Anhänge des maßgebenden Hauptteils EN 1992‐1‐1. Die Auswertung dieser Analyse kann helfen, einige wesentliche Aspekte der Überarbeitung des Eurocode 2 zu identifizieren.

Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der Auswertung der Nationalen Anhänge zu EN 1992‐1‐1 zusammengefasst und erste Vorschläge zur weiteren Harmonisierung vorgestellt.

Analysis of the European National Annexes of Eurocode 2

Eurocode 2 consists of four parts which have to be applied in conjunction with the respective National Annexes of the CEN‐member states. The National Annexes were introduced particularly to maintain the national safety level and to account for regional aspects in the different states.

The CEN (European Committee for Standardization) will revise and extend all Eurocodes up to 2018. Thereby have been formulated two essential objectives for revising Eurocodes, namely the reduction of the number of Nationally Determined Parameters (NDP) and the improvement for “ease of use”.

In order to reduce the number of NDP, improve the ease of use and allow for a further harmonization without changing the main structure and the design models of Eurocode 2, the National Annexes of EN 1992‐1‐1 of different CEN‐member states were compared and analysed. Furthermore, the analysis of the National Annexes may help to identify some main aspects for the revision of Eurocode 2.

Below the results of an analysis of the National annexes of EN 1992‐1‐1 are summarized and first proposals for a further harmonization are made.