bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent, molecularly imprinted thin‐layer films based on a common polymer
Authors: Cywinski Piotr , Sadowska Maja , Danel Andrzej , Buma Wybren Jan , Brouwer Albert M. , Wandelt Barbara
Published: April 2007

Fluorescent, molecularly imprinted polymer thin films, with cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP) as a template and 1,2‐diphenyl‐6‐vinyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐[3,4‐b]‐quinoline as a fluorescent receptor, were prepared according to a method based on commercially available poly (methyl methacrylate). This method of preparation predicts photoinduced crosslinking in the mixture of polymer chains and involved components. The advantages of this method are the relative simplicity of its preparation and the fact that a common polymer can be used. The spin‐coated thin‐layer films of imprinted and nonimprinted polymers were studied with the use of fluorescence microscopy with a scanning range of 80 × 80 μm. A strong fluorescence quenching effect was observed when a cGMP‐imprinted film was incubated in aqueous solutions of cGMP, but a comparatively small effect was observed for a nonimprinted polymer and when an imprinted film was incubated with cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP). The separation factor by the imprinted polymer was determined to be 2.55 for cGMP against cAMP. The obtained polymeric sensor appeared to be stable during subsequent measurements after rewashing and readsorption. The homogeneity of the surface of the polymer film, dependent on the method of film preparation, was also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 229–235, 2007
Dielectric relaxation in vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene copolymers
Authors: Kochervinskii Valentin V. , Malyshkina Inna A. , Markin Grigory V. , Gavrilova Nadezhda D. , Bessonova Natalia P.
Published: April 2007

The molecular mobility in copolymers of vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene VDF/HFP of 93/7 and 86/14 ratios has been investigated by means of broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (10−1–107Hz), differential scanning calorimetry DSC (−100 to 150°C), and of wide angle X‐ray diffraction WAXS. Four relaxation processes and one ferroelectric‐paraelectric phase transition have been detected. The process of the local mobility β‐ (at temperatures below glass transition point) is not affected by chemical composition of the copolymer and the formed structure. Parameters of segmental mobility in the region of glass transition (αa‐relaxation) depend on the ratio of comonomer with lower kinetic flexibility. αc‐relaxation is clearly observed only in VDF/HFP 93/7 copolymer, which is characterized by a higher crystallinity and a higher perfection of crystals of α‐ (αp‐) phase. Diffuse order–disorder relaxor type ferroelectric transition connected with the destruction of the domains in low‐perfect ferroelectric phase in the amorphous regions has been detected for both copolymers. An intensive relaxation process (α‐process) was observed for both copolymers in high‐temperature region. DSC data shows that it falls on the broad temperature region of α‐phase crystals melting. It is considered to be connected with the space charge relaxation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Studies of chitosan. I. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Ho , Wang Fang‐Yu , Mao Ching‐Feng , Yang Chien‐Hsin
Published: April 2007

Various blending ratios of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) blend films were prepared by solution blend method in this study. The thermal properties and chemical structure characterization of the CS/PVA blend films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Based upon the observation on the DSC thermal analysis, the melting point of PVA is decreased when the amount of CS in the blend film is increased. The FTIR absorption characteristic is changed when the amount of CS in the blend film is varied. Results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the intensity of diffraction peak at 19° of PVA becomes lower and broader with increasing the amount of CS in the CS/PVA blend film. This trend illustrates that the existence of CS decreases the crystallinity of PVA. Although both PVA and CS are hydrophilic biodegradable polymers, the results of water contact angle measurement are still shown as high as 68° and 83° for PVA and for CS films, respectively. A minimum water contact angle (56°) was observed when the blend film contains 50 wt % CS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Optimal thermotolerance of Bifidobacterium bifidum in gellan–alginate microparticles
Authors: Chen Ming‐Ju , Chen Kun‐Nan , Kuo Yi‐Tzu
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this research was to encapsulate Bifidobacterium bifidum using gellan, sodium alginate and prebiotics as coating materials, and to maximize the thermotolerance of the probiotics with an optimal combination of the coating materials. The optimal ratio of the coating materials for the microparticles under heat treatments (75°C, 1 min) was obtained by using the response surface method and the sequential quadratic programming technique. Optimization results indicated that 2% sodium alginate mixed with 1% gellan gum as coating materials would produce the highest thermotolerance in terms of B. bifidum count. The verification experiment yielded a result close to the predicted values, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The results of heat treatments also demonstrated that the addition of gellan gum in the walls of probiotic microcapsules provided improved protection for B. bifidum. These probiotic counts remained at 105–106 CFU/g for the microcapsules stored for 2 months, then treated in heat and in simulated gastric fluid. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 411–419. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of doxycycline‐regulated protein disulfide isomerase expression on the specific productivity of recombinant CHO cells: Thrombopoietin and antibody
Authors: Mohan Chaya , Park Soon Hye , Chung Joo Young , Lee Gyun Min
Published: April 2007

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), one of the ER‐resident molecular chaperones, forms and isomerizes disulfide bonds. This study attempts to investigate the effect of PDI expression level on specific productivity (q) of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing thrombopoietin (TPO) and antibody (Ab). To regulate the PDI expression level, the Tet‐Off system was introduced in TPO and Ab producing CHO cells, and stable Tet‐Off cells (TPO‐Tet‐Off and Ab‐Tet‐Off) were screened using the luciferase assay. The doxycycline‐regulated PDI expression system in Tet‐Off rCHO cells (Tet‐TPO‐PDI and Tet‐Ab‐PDI) was established by the cotransfection of pTRE‐PDI and pTK‐Hyg expression vector into TPO‐Tet‐Off and Ab‐Tet‐Off cells, respectively. Subsequent screening was done by Western blot analysis of PDI and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of the secreted TPO and antibody. We cultured two Tet‐TPO‐PDI and two Tet‐Ab‐PDI clones, and all these clones showed an average of 2.5‐fold increase in PDI expression when compared to the basal level. In both these cell lines the PDI expression was tightly controlled by various concentrations of doxycycline. The q of TPO (qTPO) was unaffected but that of antibody producing cells was increased by 15–27% due to the PDI expression level. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98:611–615. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tracer measurements reveal experimental evidence of biofilm consolidation
Authors: Casey Eoin
Published: April 2007

The ability to simultaneously measure both biofilm thickness and the mass transfer coefficient of an inert tracer through it provides a powerful method to study biofilm development. In this communication previously published data has been collated to interpret global trends in biofilm structure during the transition towards steady‐state. It appears that sudden changes in biofilm structure (directly related to the rate of change of biofilm mass transfer resistance) may occur following transitions in rate of biomass production. These observations are consistent with the concept of consolidation, recently introduced into spatially structured biofilm mathematical models to account for structural realignment of the biofilm under dynamic conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 920–925. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizational learning to manage sustainable development
Authors: Siebenhüner Bernd , Arnold Marlen
Published: April 2007

Combating global warming, safeguarding ecological support systems and reducing energy and resource use as well as maintaining functioning societies are key challenges for many businesses today and in the near future. These problems have been addressed under the integrating concept of sustainable development. Implementing sustainable development in corporations, however, necessitates organizational learning. In light of a wide variation in corporate behaviour in accepting these challenges or not, the question arises of when and why companies pursue processes of learning and change to integrate sustainability, what effects these innovations have, and to what extent, and what factors promote or inhibit learning. This article addresses these questions on the basis of an empirical analysis of six companies. The study analyses internal and external explanatory factors for the occurrence of sustainability‐oriented learning and change processes in medium‐sized and large companies. Our findings highlight the role of learning mechanisms, leadership styles, internal networks and change agents. In terms of company‐external factors, the study focused on the pressure applied by stakeholders and governmental regulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A step‐wise incremented Fourier series model for chemical reactivity prediction
Authors: Saidane Saloua , Al‐fozan Eman A.
Published: April 2007

In this paper, chemical reactivity is modeled as a time series of events defined by a reactant's concentration decay measured at consecutive discrete time periods. Since traditional time series techniques such as ARIMA and current Artificial Neural Networks require large data sets that are typically not available for chemical reactions, we developed a Step Wise Incremented Fourier Series (SWIFS) algorithm to model and predict nonlinear short time series. The application of SWIFS to experimental data from first‐ and second‐order reactions produced a significant improvement in prediction accuracy over traditional integrated rate laws. In forward‐time prediction, SWIFS has achieved significantly higher prediction accuracy with first‐ and second‐order chemical reactions data. SWIFS also proved more robust in terms of error propagation caused by the effect of the size of the estimation set. The proposed SWIFS model also outperformed rate law models in backwards‐time prediction. The ability of SWIFS to provide high accuracy in predicting chemical reactions may have beneficial implications on the efficiency of industrial production of chemicals as well as on the effective control of hazardous materials degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound‐guided transcutaneous Tru‐Cut biopsy to diagnose laryngopharyngeal masses
Authors: Ansarin Mohssen , De Fiori Elvio , Preda Lorenzo , Maffini Fausto , Bruschini Roberto , Calabrese Luca , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara A. , Chiesa Fausto , Bellomi Massimo
Published: April 2007

BACKGROUND.

Patients with bulky laryngopharyngeal masses and a relative or absolute contraindication to general anesthesia present diagnostic difficulties. In the current study, the authors assessed the utility of transcutaneous ultrasound‐guided Tru‐Cut biopsy (USGTCB) under local anesthesia in such individuals.

METHODS.

The current report was a prospective, nonrandomized study. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria underwent USGTCB as outpatients.

RESULTS.

Ten patients were recruited, 4 of whom had an untreated mass obstructing the laryngeal lumen and 6 of whom were previously treated for laryngeal cancer. All tolerated the procedure well. The only adverse event noted was spontaneously resolving near‒syncope in 1 patient. In 9 patients the biopsy was diagnostic: invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 7 patients and chondronecrosis in 2 patients. In the remaining patient, radiologically suspected cricoid chondrosarcoma was confirmed based on the surgical specimen.

CONCLUSIONS.

The results of this pilot study are encouraging. USGTCB of laryngopharyngeal masses was found to produce no local morbidity, was diagnostic in each of the 5 patients with suspected disease recurrence after radiotherapy, was feasible in the outpatient setting, and had high sensitivity and specificity. The procedure is particularly useful for patients contraindicated for general anesthesia or those with a risk of tracheotomy due to intubation difficulties. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Designing a CBT service for an acute inpatient setting: A pilot evaluation study
Authors: Durrant Caroline , Clarke Isabel , Tolland Abigail , Wilson Hannah
Published: April 2007

A frequent complaint by service‐users of psychiatric inpatient units is the unavailability of talking therapy at precisely the time when they need to make sense of their situation. However, conventional models of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) delivery, with set numbers of sessions and diagnostic specificity, are not well suited to the conditions of the acute ward, with variable and unpredictable lengths of stay and multiple and indistinct presentations. This pilot study describes a modification of CBT designed to deliver an effective, brief therapy in these conditions. The approach is grounded on the cognitive science‐based model, interacting cognitive subsystems, and draws on dialectical behaviour therapy and other recent, mindfulness‐based CBT approaches to provide a combination of simple formulation and skills‐based treatment. Evaluation in the inpatient setting also presents challenges, and these have been met by choosing measures that tap into self‐efficacy and confidence in the management of emotions rather than symptomatic change. The evaluation data on a small number of cases suggest the effectiveness of the approach and the need for wider testing of the model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific relationships between core beliefs and personality disorder symptoms in a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Reeves Mark , Taylor Jeanette
Published: April 2007

The current study examined the relationship of clinically relevant core beliefs measured by the Young Schema Questionnaire‐Short Form (YSQ‐SF) to personality disorder (PD) symptoms in a large non‐clinical sample (N = 804). Results indicated that the 15 YSQ‐SF scales added sizeable explained variance (4% to 13%) to self‐reported symptoms of 12 PDs, above variance explained by gender and symptoms of other PDs. In addition, several specific core beliefs related uniquely to individual PDs after controlling for the other core beliefs. Given that core beliefs related to personality disorder symptoms in a non‐clinical sample of people at the typical onset age of PDs, it is possible that such beliefs might be important to understanding the development of PDs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can prevention of marital distress improve well‐being? A 1 year longitudinal study
Authors: Pihet Sandrine , Bodenmann Guy , Cina Annette , Widmer Kathrin , Shantinath Shachi
Published: April 2007

This study investigates the effectiveness of a marital distress prevention program for couples with low marital satisfaction with regard to a possible improvement of physical and psychological well‐being. Fifty‐nine couples, composing the intervention group, participated in a prevention program lasting 18 hours and focusing on the enhancement of coping resources (Couples Coping Enhancement Training). These couples were matched with 59 couples receiving no intervention (comparison group). The results reveal that the prevention program is able to improve psychological well‐being among both genders and life satisfaction among women. It seems that these effects are stable over 1 year. On the other hand, no significant effects could be observed on physical well‐being. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new self‐report measure of emotion regulation in adolescents: The Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire
Authors: Phillips K. F. V. , Power M. J.
Published: April 2007

Emotion regulation is an emerging field in psychology concerned with the processes involved in recognizing, monitoring, evaluating and modifying emotional reactions. Few measures have been developed specifically to assess individual differences in the use of emotion regulation strategies. This paper reports on a new self‐report instrument designed to assess the frequency with which adolescents use both functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies, which draw on both internal (intrapersonal) and external (interpersonal) resources to regulate emotions. The new measure was used in a cross‐sectional survey of 225 adolescents. Factor analyses supported the structure of the measure, which has four scales: ‘internal‐functional’, ‘internal‐dysfunctional’, ‘external‐functional’ and ‘external‐dysfunctional’ emotion regulation. The new measure demonstrated good psychometric properties. Frequent use of dysfunctional emotion regulation was significantly positively correlated with parent reports of level of emotional and behavioural problems, and also with self‐reported level of psychosomatic health problems. Frequent use of functional emotion regulation was significantly positively correlated with self‐reported quality of life across a number of different dimensions. These results provide evidence for the validity of the measure. The results also highlight that assessment of both functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation is important. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic: A race against time for millions and the role of flow cytometry: A Caribbean and resource‐constrained country perspective
Authors: Abayomi Akin
Published: April 2007

There is a race against time for millions in the world today. Both the technology and the manpower are currently available to deliver the services that are required to meet the needs of the 40 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS, but at what price? The reality is therefore that we are a long shot away from this realization. What are the facts and why have we not achieved even the simplest deadlines set by the World Health Organization (WHO)? Are these objectives realistic? What role does hard science have to play in the search for cost‐effective solutions and futuristic effective options? To stem this unrelenting epidemic and convert the natural history of the disorder in those already living with the virus into one of chronicity, rather than one characterized by a dehumanizing and stigmatized death, requires a global commitment at all levels. This discussion examines the reality and offers a snapshot of capacity and experiences in the developing world. Crucially, it looks at the immediate and long term role of flow cytometry in the expanded care and treatment programs for developing nations. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of apocrine adenosis of the breast: Report on three cases
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Nomura Mizuko , Hashimoto Yuko , Hanzawa Miyoko , Hoshi Toshiyuki
Published: April 2007

Apocrine adenosis is a distinctive breast lesion, which can sometimes be misdiagnosed as malignant histologically. Although its histological characteristics have been well established, there are limited descriptions of its cytological features. We report fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of three cases of apocrine adenosis. There were diverse cytological features between cases, and in two cases, FNA smears were highly cellular. Naked nuclei were present in all cases, and were numerous in one. Enlarged nucleoli and anisonucleosis were common. Apocrine metaplasia with nuclear atypia mimicking apocrine carcinoma was prominent in one case, whereas one case lacked definite apocrine features. Regardless of their various atypical FNA cytologies, the nuclei were consistently less hyperchromatic in all cases. Although FNA cytology of apocrine adenosis has the potential to be misinterpreted as malignant, the naked nuclei of background and less hyperchromatic nuclear features may be useful in distinguishing apocrine adenosis from carcinoma. Being familiar with these distinctive breast lesions is also important in decreasing false positives. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:296–299. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell blocks of breast FNAs frequently allow diagnosis of invasion or histological classification of proliferative changes
Authors: Istvanic Smiljana , Fischer Andrew H. , Banner Barbara F. , Eaton Donna M. , Larkin Anne C. , Khan Ashraf
Published: April 2007

Two major limitations of breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) compared with core needle biopsies (CNB) are the inability to determine whether a cancer is invasive and to classify proliferative lesions. We studied 40 consecutive “rapid cell blocks” from breast FNAs with surgical pathology follow‐up to test whether cell blocks can overcome these limitations. Of 25 carcinomas, invasion could be identified in the cell block sections in 11 (44%). One cystosarcoma phyllodes was suspected based on the cell block sections. Cell blocks from 12 of 14 benign breast FNAs showed sufficient cells to assign a histologic diagnosis of no hyperplasia (1 case, confirmed on follow‐up) and usual hyperplasia (11 cases; confirmed in eight of 11 on follow‐up). Specific histologic diagnoses included intraductal papilloma (2 cases), and in situ lobular neoplasia (2 cases). Cell blocks complement smears and monolayers and appear to overcome major limitations of breast FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:263–269. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, published as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004790. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004790.pub2; and as a shorterned version as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMJ. 2006 Feb 11; 332: 328–36. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38719.435833.7C.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers’
Authors: van Rheenen Patrick F. , Verkade Henkjan J.
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, published as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004790. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004790.pub2; and as a shorterned version as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMJ. 2006 Feb 11; 332: 328–36. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38719.435833.7C.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Aher S, Ohlsson A. Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004868. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004868.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia’, with comment from EBCH editor
Authors: McCoy Andrea C. S. , Aronoff Stephen C.
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Conterno LO, Silva Filho CR, Rüggeberg JU, Heath PT. Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001834. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001834.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children’
Authors: Dans Leonila F. , Gregorio Germana V.
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell K, Klassen TP, Craig W. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004390. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004390.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea’
Authors: Saloojee Haroon
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Clasen T, Roberts I, Rabie T, Schmidt W, Cairncross S. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004794. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004794.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien
Published: April 2007

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Aher SM, Ohlsson A. Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004865. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004865.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien
Published: April 2007

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Clasen T, Roberts I, Rabie T, Schmidt W, Cairncross S. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004794. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004794.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien
Published: April 2007

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Shah PS, Aliwalas LL, Shah V. Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004950. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004950.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Ohlsson A, Aher SM. Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004863. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004863.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Aher SM, Ohlsson A. Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004865. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004865.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Chemistry of a New 10H Hexagonal Perovskite: BaMn0.4Fe0.6O2.73
Authors: Miranda Laura , Ramírez‐Castellanos Julio , Hernando María , Varela Aurea , González‐Calbet José M. , Parras Marina
Published: April 2007

A new 10H polytype has been stabilized in the BaMn1–xFexO3–y system with the composition BaMn0.4Fe0.6O2.73. The anionic composition has been established by a reduction and re‐oxidation cycle in the stability range of this phase. The structural characterization was carried out by high‐resolution electron microscopy (HREM), electron diffraction, and X‐ray diffraction. The structure is closely related to the ideal (hch′ch)2 10H polytype with two oxygen‐deficient hexagonal (h′) BaO2–y layers per unit formula. This framework gives rise to blocks of three octahedra sharing faces linked by corners to two corner‐sharing tetrahedra.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Main Group Lewis Acid/Base‐Stabilised Phosphanylboranes
Authors: Adolf Ariane , Zabel Manfred , Scheer Manfred
Published: April 2007

The parent compounds of phosphanylboranes of the type (LA)H2P–BH2(LB) (LA = Lewis acid, LB = Lewis base) stabilised by Lewis acid/Lewis base have been synthesised by using perfluorinated main‐group Lewis acids. The Lewis acid–phosphane adducts (C6F5)3BPH3, (C6F5)3BPPhH2 and (C6F5)3GaPPhH2 (3) were used as starting materials, which upon lithiation with nBuLi react with the chlorinated Lewis base borane adduct ClBH2NMe3. The LA/LB stabilisedphosphanylboranes (C6F5)3BPH2BH2NMe3 (1), (C6F5)3BPPhHBH2NMe3 (4) and (C6F5)3GaPPhHBH2NMe3 (5), were obtained via salt elimination reactions. (C6F5)3GaPH2BH2NMe3 (2) was not accessible using this method due to the unavailability of an efficient synthetic route to (C6F5)3GaPH3. The synthesis of 2 could be achieved quantitatively via reaction of PH2BH2NMe3 with (C6F5)3Ga·Et2O. All products were comprehensively characterised by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray crystallography. Additionally, the intermediate products (C6F5)3BPH2Li and (C6F5)3GaPPhH2 (3) were spectroscopically characterised.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Mixed‐Valent Linear Chain Pt2PdPt2 Complexes
Authors: Arai Saiko , Ochiai Masahiko , Ishihara Koji , Matsumoto Kazuko
Published: April 2007

Pentanuclear linear‐chain PtPd complexes {[Pt2(NH3)2X2(μ‐pivalamidato)2(CH2COCH3)]2[PdX′4]}·2CH3COCH3 (X = X′ = Cl (1a), X = Cl, X′ = Br (1b), X = Br, X′ = Cl (1c), X = X′ = Br (1d)) composed of a monomeric PdII complex sandwiched by two amidato‐bridged dimeric PtIII units were synthesized from the reaction between the acetonyl dinuclear PtIII complexes having equatorial halide ligands [Pt2(NH3)2X2(μ‐pivalamidato)2(CH2COCH3)]X″ (X = Cl (2a), Br (2b), X″ = NO3–, CH3C6H4SO3–) and K2[PdX′4] (X′ = Cl, Br). The X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 1a–1d shows that the complexes have metal–metal bonded linear Pt2PdPt2 structures. The pentanuclear PtPd complexes have either an arch backbone structure or a sigmoid backbone structure, depending on the solvent of crystallization. The UV/Vis/NIR spectra clearly show the existence of a rare charge‐transfer band from Pd to Pt in the pentanuclear PtPd complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Use of the Sulfato Ligand in 3d‐Metal Cluster Chemistry: A Family of Hexanuclear Nickel(II) Complexes with 2‐Pyridyl‐Substituted Oxime Ligands
Authors: Papatriantafyllopoulou Constantina , Aromi Guillem , Tasiopoulos Anastasios J. , Nastopoulos Vassilios , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Teat Simon J. , Escuer Albert , Perlepes Spyros P.
Published: April 2007

The initial use of 2‐pyridyl‐substituted oximes [(py)C(R)NOH; R = Me, Ph]/sulfate blend in nickel(II) chemistry has yielded a family of hexanuclear clusters. The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties are reported of [Ni6(SO4)4(OH){(py)C(Me)NO}3{(py)C(Me)NOH}3(MeOH)2(H2O)] (1),[Ni6(SO4)4(OH){(py)C(ph)NO}3{(py)C(ph)NOH}3(MeOH)3] (2)and [Ni6(SO4)4(OH){(py)C(ph)NO}3{(py)C(ph)NOH}3(H2O)3] (3), where (py)C(Me)NOH is methyl 2‐pyridyl ketone oxime and (py)C(ph)NOH is phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketone oxime. The hexanuclear molecules present in the three complexes have similar structures which contain the [Ni6(μ3‐OH)(μ3‐SO4)3(μ3‐ONR)3]2+core. The core consists of six NiIIions arranged as two parallel equilateral triangular subunits, one small (Ni···Ni ca. 3.3 Å) and the other larger (Ni···Ni ca. 6.0 Å). Characteristic IR bands are discussed in terms of the known structures of1–3. The magnetic properties of1and2have been studied by variable‐temperature dc magnetic susceptibility techniques which indicate antiferromagnetic interactions. A simple 2‐Jmodel was found to be adequate to describe the similar thermal variation of the molar magnetic susceptibilities of1and2.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Geodiamolide Analogues
Authors: Marimganti Srinivasa , Wieneke Ralph , Geyer Armin , Maier Martin E.
Published: April 2007

Starting with the ω‐hydroxy and ω‐amino acid derivatives 13 and 21, the two closely related geodiamolide analogs 32 and 35, respectively, were prepared. Compared to the natural cyclodepsipeptide geodiamolide (1), the macrocycles 32 and 35 have a smaller ring size (17‐ vs. 18‐membered). Conformational analysis by ROESY spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the reduced ring size causes the polypropionate sector to flip with regard to the geodiamolide conformation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cover Picture: Photoacylation of Alcohols in Neutral Medium (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2007)
Authors: Débieux Jean‐Luc , Cosandey Anne , Helgen Céline , Bochet Christian G.
Published: April 2007

The cover picture shows the photochemically promoted acylation of alcohols under very mild conditions. The experimental protocol is extremely simple, thanks to the use of a benchtop photochemical reactor based on UV LEDs. The acyl transfer proceeds well for primary, secondary and even tertiary alcohols. The choice of a long wavelength (up to 420 nm) allows the presence of otherwise photosensitive groups, which can later be photolyzed at a higher energy. Details are discussed in the article by C. G. Bochet et al. on p. 2073 ff.
Impact of time‐scale of the calibration objective function on the performance of watershed models
Authors: Sudheer K. P. , Chaubey I. , Garg V. , Migliaccio Kati W.
Published: April 2007

Many of the continuous watershed models perform all their computations on a daily time step, yet they are often calibrated at an annual or monthly time‐scale that may not guarantee good simulation performance on a daily time step. The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the calibration time‐scale on model predictive ability. This study considered the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the analyses, and it has been calibrated at two time‐scales, viz. monthly and daily for the War Eagle Creek watershed in the USA. The results demonstrate that the model's performance at the smaller time‐scale (such as daily) cannot be ensured by calibrating them at a larger time‐scale (such as monthly). It is observed that, even though the calibrated model possesses satisfactory ‘goodness of fit’ statistics, the simulation residuals failed to confirm the assumption of their homoscedasticity and independence. The results imply that evaluation of models should be conducted considering their behavior in various aspects of simulation, such as predictive uncertainty, hydrograph characteristics, ability to preserve statistical properties of the historic flow series, etc. The study enlightens the scope for improving/developing effective autocalibration procedures at the daily time step for watershed models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unaltered hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial permeability transition in wistar rats treated with nimesulide: Relevance for nimesulide toxicity characterization
Authors: Moreno António J. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Nova Carlos D. , Álvaro Ana R. , Moreira Renata A. , Santos Sandra M. D. , Macedo Tice
Published: April 2007

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have been associated with hepatotoxicity in susceptible patients. One such example is nimesulide, a preferential cyclooxygenase 2–inhibitor, widely used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. It was suggested that nimesulide could exert its hepatotoxicity by altering hepatic mitochondrial function, which was demonstrated in vitro. The objective of this study was to verify whether liver mitochondria isolated from rats treated with doses of nimesulide well above therapeutic levels possessed decreased calcium tolerance and oxidative phosphorylation, which indicates in vivo nimesulide mitochondrial toxicity. Male and female rats received nimesulide or its vehicle twice daily, for 5 days, and were killed on the seventh day for the isolation of liver mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiration, transmembrane electric potential, and calcium tolerance were characterized in all experimental groups. Nimesulide had no effect on liver mitochondrial function. Indexes of mitochondrial integrity, calcium loading capacity, and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency were unchanged between liver mitochondria from treated and control animals. In the animals tested, no evidence of degraded mitochondrial function due to nimesulide administration could be found. The results corroborate the notion that despite recognized in vitro mitochondrial toxicity, nimesulide does not cause detectable mitochondrial dysfunction in Wistar rats, even when administered in much higher concentrations than those known to have anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:53–61, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20159
AND‐34/BCAR3 differs from other NSP homologs in induction of anti‐estrogen resistance, cyclin D1 promoter activation and altered breast cancer cell morphology
Authors: Near Richard I. , Zhang Yujun , Makkinje Anthony , Borre Pierre Vanden , Lerner Adam
Published: April 2007

Over‐expression of AND‐34/BCAR3/NSP2 (BCAR3) or its binding‐partner p130Cas/BCAR1 generates anti‐estrogen resistance in human breast cancer lines. Here, we have compared BCAR3 to two related homologs, NSP1 and NSP3/CHAT/SHEP, with regards to expression, anti‐estrogen resistance, and signaling. BCAR3 is expressed at higher levels in ERα‐negative, mesenchymal, than in ERα‐positive, epithelial, breast cancer cell lines. Characterization of “intermediate” epithelial‐like cell lines with variable ER‐α expression reveals that BCAR3 expression correlates with both mesenchymal and ERα‐negative phenotypes. Levels of the BCAR3/p130Cas complex correlate more strongly with the ERα‐negative, mesenchymal phenotype than levels of either protein alone. NSP1 and NSP3 are expressed at lower levels than BCAR3 and without correlation to ERα/mesenchymal status. Among NSP‐transfectants, only BCAR3 transfectants induce anti‐estrogen resistance and augment transcription of cyclin D1 promoter constructs. Over‐expression of all homologs results in activation of Rac, Cdc42 and Akt, suggesting that these signals are insufficient to induce anti‐estrogen resistance. BCAR3 but not NSP1 nor NSP3 transfectants show altered morphology, transitioning from polygonal cell groups to rounded, single cells with numerous blebs. Whereas stable over‐expression of BCAR3 in MCF‐7 cells does not lead to classic epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, it does result in down‐regulation of cadherin‐mediated adhesion and augmentation of fibronectin expression. These studies suggest that BCAR's ability to induce anti‐estrogen resistance is greater than that of other NSP homologs and may result from altered interaction of breast cancer cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:655–665, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced flow velocity in the internal carotid artery independently of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Fukuhara Toru , Hida Kazuyuki , Manabe Yasuhiro , Munemasa Mitsuru , Matsubara Hiromi , Akao Izumi , Namba Yoichiro , Kuyama Hideyuki
Published: April 2007

Purpose.

To retrospectively investigate the relationships between carotid flow velocities, clinical features and cardiac hemodynamics to assess the meaning and significance of reduced carotid flow velocities in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms.

Methods.

We selected the files from patients who had undergone duplex Doppler sonographic examination of extracranial carotid arteries, echocardiography, and MR angiography, and in whom the following parameters were available: peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic (EDV) flow velocity, pulsatility index (PI), and diameter of the left and right common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries, intima–media thickness (IMT) of the left and right CCA, left ventricle (LV) mass, peak flow velocity on LV outflow tract, and fractional shortening (FS). Patients with stenosis of the carotid artery or its main intracranial branches were excluded, as were patients with major cerebral infarction, severe intracranial abnormality, or heart function disorder. The remaining 59 patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of cerebral ischemic symptoms, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia for multivariate analyses and stepwise regressions.

Results.

Women had smaller diameters and lower PI in the left and right CCA, and smaller LV mass than men. Age, CCA diameter, and IMT showed an inverse correlation with carotid flow velocities in several arterial segments. There was a positive correlation between PSV in the left CCA and ICA and FS, and between PSV in the left CCA and peak velocity on LV outflow tract. Flow velocities in the left and right ICA were significantly slower in patients with than in patients without cerebral ischemic symptoms.

Conclusions.

Cardiac hemodynamics and carotid flow velocities are significantly related, only on the left side, probably due to larger hemodynamic stress. Increased intracerebral circulatory resistance is probably involved in the decrease in carotid flow velocity and increase in PI in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Ultrasound biomicroscopy for estimation of tumor thickness for conjunctival melanoma
Authors: Ho Viet H. , Prager Thomas C. , Diwan Hafeez , Prieto Victor , Esmaeli Bita
Published: April 2007

We assessed the feasibility of using high‐frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in estimating thickness of conjunctival melanomas preoperatively. Three patients underwent UBM prior to excision of conjunctival melanoma between February 2003 and March 2006. Conjunctival tumor thickness was estimated via UBM in each case and compared with the estimated histopathologic tumor thickness (Breslow thickness). Patient 1 had an estimated thickness of 1.99 mm via UBM versus a Breslow thickness measurement of 1.5 mm based on the surgical specimen. Patient 2 had a UBM thickness measurement of 2.4 mm and a Breslow thickness of 2.23 mm based on the surgical specimen. In patient 3, both UBM thickness and Breslow thickness were 2.3 mm. The use of high‐frequency UBM is feasible for the estimation of tumor thickness for conjunctival melanomas. UBM may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for estimating tumor thickness before surgical resection of conjunctival melanoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
A differential paradox: The controversy surrounding the Scottish mental surveys of intelligence and family size
Authors: Ramsden Edmund
Published: April 2007

In 1947, the Scottish Council for Research in Education and the Population Investigation Committee conducted a survey of Scottish schoolchildren, exploring the relations between tested intelligence and fertility. The survey was not only significant for its size, measuring the IQ of all 11‐year‐olds at school on the day of testing, some 80,805 children, but also because it was a repeat survey. Its purpose was to establish whether the intelligence of the population had declined because of the negative correlation between IQ and family size. The paper will explore how the impetus for the 1947 survey came from attempts to revive the fortunes of the eugenics movement, based upon the interdisciplinary study of population. While most expected the study to provide evidence of a decline in intelligence, it revealed an increase. This was in spite of a continuing process of differential fertility. This paper will explore the influence of these results, described as a “paradox,” upon the future development of the eugenics movement and the sciences of population. While for many, the results were seen to have completely, and thankfully, undermined eugenic fears of degeneration, the supposed “resolution” of the paradox in 1962 provided the basis of a meritocratic and optimistic “new eugenics” that sought to reunite social and biological scientists concerned with human betterment in Britain and the United States. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.