bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why the Hard Problem of Consciousness will never be solved
Authors: Davies Philip
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to argue that (1) that the hard problem of consciousness is concerned with subjective experience; (2) subjective experience arises from the measure of absolute quantities directly by our senses; (3) objective experience, on the other hand, arises from the measure of relative quantities which are invariant to perception; (4) only relative quantities can be shared with others; (5) consequently the hard problem is forever locked inside the head of each individual and can never be discussed, explained or shared with another. (6) Accordingly, no theory can, in principle, be formulated to explain it.
Form and function: a study on the distribution of the inflectional endings in Italian nouns and adjectives.
Authors: Pescuma Valentina Nicole , Zanini Chiara , Crepaldi Davide , Franzon Francesca
Published: June 2021

Inflectional values, such as singular and plural, sustain agreement relations between constituents in sentences, allowing sentence parsing and prediction in online processing. Ideally, these processes would be facilitated by a consistent and transparent correspondence between the inflectional values and their form: for example, the value of plural should always be expressed by the same ending, and that ending should only express plural.Experimental research reports higher processing costs in the presence of a nontransparent relation between forms and values. While this effect was found in several languages, and typological research shows that consistency is far from common in morphological paradigms, it is still somewhat difficult to precisely quantify the transparency degree of the inflected forms. Furthermore, to date, no accounts have quantified the transparency in inflection with regard to the declensional classes and the extent to which it is expressed across different parts of speech, depending on whether these act as controllers of the agreement (e.g., nouns) or as targets (e.g., adjectives).We present a case study on Italian, a language that marks gender and number features in nouns and adjectives. This work provides measures of the distribution of forms in the noun and adjective inflection in Italian, and quantifies the degree of form-value transparency with respect to inflectional endings and declensional classes. In order to obtain these measures, we built Flex It, a dedicated large-scale database of inflectional morphology of Italian, and made it available, in order to sustain further theoretical and empirical research.
An Exploration of The Role Played by Men During Pregnancy and Childbirth in Kenya
Authors: Mbutu Paschalia Kavuli , Gichuhi Wanjiru
Published: June 2021

According to gender mainstreaming principles, male involvement during pregnancy and childbirth is a pivotal strategy for improving birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role played by husbands and fiancées during pregnancy and childbirth. To gather data, 135 Antenatal care (ANC) attendees, 30 non-ANC-attendees, 5 nurses and 8 TBAs were interviewed from 10 randomly selected health facilities from 18 health facilities that offer comprehensive health care. This information was collected between 2017 and 2018 in Kitui West- Sub-County, Kenya and was collected through asking two pertinent questions; a) Whether expectant women sought permission before choosing place of delivery, b) Who determined final place of delivery. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods of study. Analysis of the study was done by content. From the results; 50 percent of Final place of delivery indicated that; 64 percent out of 135 ANC-attendees delivered in a health facility, 34 percent out of this number were encouraged by significant others. Fifty six percent out of the significant ones were husbands who directed their wives to deliver in a health facility. Out of 49 ANC-attendees who delivered at home, 36.7 percent were influenced by significant others. Out of these significant others, 27 percent were husbands. On the other hand, 6 respondents out of 30 non- ANC-attendees, delivered at home having been instructed by their husbands.
ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF OLIVE OIL
Authors: Severo Ihana Aguiar , Fagundes Mariane B. , Barbosa Fabrizio da F.
Published: June 2021

The objective of this work was to perform a preliminary economic analysis of the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of olive oil and compare it with the manufacturing costs of the conventional extraction process. The DWSIM software was used for economic modeling considering data found in the literature; the five cost parameters were considered. The results showed a cost of USD 126.50/kg of olive oil in the proposed process. Although expensive, about 54,350 bottles more of oil could be produced due to the higher yield that can be obtained. In parallel, about USD 11,350,000.00 could be earned in one year of operation. In this sense, more research must be done to demonstrate the economic viability of this type of industry, to improve the operations and the costs of manufacturing until the process becomes profitable.
Proposition of an Innovation Center in Santa Rosa, RS, Brazil, by means of the Via Cycle Methodology
Authors: Neves Marta Silva , Escher Lucas , Maristela Löff Sandra , Duarte Ferreira Juliana , Augusto Biz Alexandre , Stefani Teixeira Clarissa
Published: June 2021

A successful Innovation Center (IC) needs to be closely related to the territory in which it is inserted and have its functions aligned with regional development, the supply of facilities, services and resources and the promotion of culture and the innovation and entrepreneurship connection. This study aimed to develop stages of recognition and mapping of elements that underlie the implementation of an IC in the city of Santa Rosa, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, among them the challenges related to innovation faced in the city; the personas and actors involved; the identification of solutions; the potential stakeholders partners; the proposition of an action plan; and the presentation of this plan to those involved in the process. National and international ICs were analyzed as references for the study, the main ICs of Rio Grande do Sul, the state where Santa Rosa is located were mapped, and the innovation pathway of the city was addressed. Using the Via Cycle Methodology, the interactions between the actors and stakeholders that deal with innovation were studied, the challenges faced were identified, and a solution was proposed to face the perceived challenges. For this result, strategies capable of encompassing the various actors mapped and involved in the structuring pillars of the territory (education, governance, public power, and culture) were suggested, with the intention of proposing the implementation of the IC. The breakdown of these pillars into detailed actions resulted in a significant educational, social, cultural, and economic potential, whose details can serve as references to boost innovation-oriented experiences, meet technological needs, and strengthen various dimensions.
Core Self-evaluation, Generativity, and Religious Experiences as Predictors of Social Support Giving and Its Relation to Happiness in Thai Elderly
Authors: Wichienthano Suchinkanlayanatham , Bhanthumnavin Duchduen , Bhanthumnavin Duangduen
Published: June 2021

The older population in the 21th century usually live a longer and healthier life. This pinpoint the necessary and sufficient factors for their empowerment and sustainability. Therefore, this study aims at investigating possible antecedents of social support giving behavior of elderly and its relation to Buddhist type of happiness. A group of 395 older adults with ages range from 59 to 90 years old responded to a set of questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis reveals that having role models, Buddhist belief and practice, elderly school attendance, and generativity trait were the important predictors of social support giving behavior. Predictive power in the total sample was 39.74%, and between 33.66% to 53.82% in subgroups. In addition, social support giving behavior is related to greater Buddhist happiness, and higher core self-evaluation. Suggestions for enhancing empowerment and sustainability living of the older rural population are offered.
Epidemiological characteristics and causes of death after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage – SAH
Authors: Galvão Jarbas , Delwing de Lima Daniela , Haas Leandro José , Pereira Eduardo Manoel
Published: June 2021

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths after SAH in patients admitted to a referral hospital in southern Brazil. A hospital database was used, comprising the years 2006-2018, composed of 148 patients. Cross-tabulations and Logistic Regression were performed to determine the odds of death of epidemiological characteristics. Ruptured aneurysms had a higher incidence in women, aged between 41 and 60 years. Headache is the predominant symptom in 95% patients. Hypertension (61%) and smoking (47%) are the prevalent risk factors. The age group with the highest frequency of deaths is 71 to 80 years old. The causes of death are: external ventricular shunt (34%), ischemic injury (9%), bleeding (7%), cerebral edema (8%), sepsis (28%) and pneumonia (24.3%). Knowing the risk factors and complications involved provide important insights that help in understanding their genesis, treatment and prevention.
The Brazilian Economy in the 1980s
Authors: Fernandes Antonio Jorge , Arbugeri Margarete , Formiga Nilton
Published: June 2021

Known as a lost decade, the 1980s marked several events in Brazil and other Latin American countries. Such events had a profound impact not only on the economy but also on Brazilian democracy. The Brazilian economy in the 1980s went through one of the most serious crises in its history, which resulted in the stagnation of gross domestic product and unprecedented inflation rates. Despite this critical economic situation, social indicators showed positive evolution. It was shown that, although Brazilian families adopted as a strategy to face this crisis the overuse of family work force in the labor market, the evolution of income and poverty in this period was unfavorable.
REUSE STUDY OF WASTE IN ECOLOGICAL BRICK
Authors: Sousa Rebeka Manuela Lobo , Oliveira Francisca das Chagas , Silva Paulysendra Felipe , Lopes Phillype Dowglas , Melo Sávio Torres , Soares Roberto Arruda Lima
Published: June 2021

With technological advances, the creation and use of sustainable materials is increasingly sought. One of the most widely used sustainable materials in civil construction corresponds to ecological bricks, thus, the present work aims to carry out a brief bibliographical survey on the reuse of waste in the manufacture of ecological bricks, aiming at sustainability. In this research, the studies presented show exactly different recyclable components, such as: PET bottles, Styrofoam, rubber, etc., precisely to add ecological diversity and impose an appropriate purpose to these resources in a way that motivates sustainable development. This investigation in several materials in the verification of the applicability of ecological brick, in order to submit and understand the behavior of these new materials.
Knowledge management to support innovation in higher education institutions
Authors: Karam-Koleski Adriana , Varvakis Gregorio
Published: June 2021

This paper presents and discusses the use of knowledge management to support innovation in higher education institutions (HEI). The study was conducted at Brasil-STHEM Consortium - a network of Brazilian higher education institutions that work together in the implementation of innovation in their teaching and learning practises. 29 HEI participated in the study that was designed as an exploratory research and used the Asian Productivity Association (APO) knowledge management maturity level assessment tool as a framework for data collection and analysis.  Results demonstrate that there was openness for knowledge management and that there is technological infrastructure available for this to happen, but found  little evidence of the systematic use of knowledge management  practices. The study contributes to research and practise in education management  by proposing the use of KM theory and tools to understand how knowledge being generated by higher education institutions can be identified, stored, shared, created and applied in order to amplify its impact to educational change and innovation.
Does Quality of Life Impact the Mental Health of Students at a University of the Brazilian Amazon?
Authors: Loiola Elainy da S. Camilo , Loiola Tiago Oliveira , Mugrabi Renan Santos
Published: June 2021

The literature indicates a high prevalence of mental disorders in the university population and reveals the vulnerability of this public to psychic illness. Thus, exploring protective and risk constructs related to mental health problems in higher education students is important to collaborate with more effective interventions. Studies already associate personal and academic characteristics including age, income, and academic performance with mental illness of university students. However, there is still little scientific knowledge about psychosocial predictors such as quality of life to psychological disorders in this population. This study analyzed the predictive effect of quality of life on mental health of academics from a Public University of western Amazonia of Brazil. A cross-sectional design was carried out with 301 university students, who responded to the instruments: Quality of Life of the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-bref); Maslach Burnout Invetory/Student SurveyBI (MBI-SS); General Health Questionnaire (QSG); and a socio-demographic and academic characterization form. The results of the regression analyses indicated that the Quality-of-Life domains predicted the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy of burnout syndrome and influenced the five factors of general health, namely psychic stress, desire for death, distrust in performance capacity, sleep disorders and psychosomatic disorders. These findings suggest that strategies focused on increasing quality of life can mitigate mental health problems among university students.
Use of crushing residue as nutrients source in the cocoa seedlings development in Medicilândia – PA
Authors: Araújo Maysa Lorrane Medeiros de , Silva Sandra Andréa Santos da , Farias Vivian Dielly da Silva , Trevisan Matheus Hofmann , Lobato Alexandre Augusto Cardoso , Cordeiro Cláudia Barbosa , Silva Rafael Oliveira da , Lima Gustavo Gomes
Published: June 2021

The use of milled rocks has been postulated as an efficient way to provide nutrients to the plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cocoa seedlings agronomic performance in different Diabase Penatecaua powder treatments. The study comprehends the following phases: i) involved waste characterization, ii) treatments definition and sampling; iii) monitoring and evaluation; iv) systematization and results discussion. The experiment was realized with cocoa seedlings germinated in commercial organic substrate in the period from July to September 2019. The used rock dust was extracted at Km 85, Transamazônica highway, Medicilândia municipality – Pa. The extraction area lithology is formed by igneous rocks of Diabase Penatecaua. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized, with four repetitions per treatment, being them respectively in the dosages 0, 25, 50 and 75 (g / plant), being 16 plants per block, totaling 64 plants, and their irrigation done manually in the first hours of the day. Therefore, the results showed that the dosages were absorbed by the cocoa seedlings according to the plant's need allied to pH balance, which was caused by good nutritional cycling with the organic matter high rate present in the commercial substrate when in contact with the Diabase Penatecaua powder worked granulometry. However, the experiment time wasn’t enough to obtain statistically a significant difference. Thus, it is necessary that new studies be done aiming the temporal deepening of the studied doses for the culture.
Quo Vadis?
Authors: MANIRE ROCKY NINO , Tan Emily B.
Published: June 2021

The continuity of education must be seamless. Hence, adjustments in the basic education curriculum also calls for adjustments in the higher education curriculum to ensure the continuity of the learning process after transitioning from senior high school to tertiary education. Philippine Higher Educational Institutions is challenged everyday with the series of developments happening in the country. As such, adapting to these developments must be captured though curricular reforms in the PHEI curriculum. This short reflection deals with the adjustments made by the higher education in the Philippines in order to align themselves with the curricular reforms made in the basic education.
Bibliographic review of vessel collisions on bridges:
Authors: Cabral Weverton Kaio de Araújo , Lameira Pedro Igor Dias , Loureiro Emannuel Sant Thiago Pereira
Published: June 2021

Vessels operating in the Amazon and world fluvial navigation still face difficulties related to the lack of standardization and lack of compliance with the rules, resulting in collisions of river convoys over bridges. At the same time, there is an increase in demand for river transport over the years. Vessel collisions on bridges cause enormous socioeconomic damage to the municipalities located in the vicinity of the accident. In this sense, it is extremely important to verify the quantitative differences between various formulations of force and energy contained in the impact of vessels, found in the main international standards for bridge projects and in several studies of vessel collisions on works of art. Therefore, such formulations are applied to a case study of a convoy type sailing under the bridge of the Guamá River, in the north of Brazil.
Impact Assessment of the Cotton YIELD Programme in Zambia
Authors: Ngulube James
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT This paper sought to evaluate the economic impact of the Cotton YIELD Programme on crop income of smallholder cotton farmers in Zambia. Specifically, the study sought to (a) identify factors that influence smallholder cotton farmer’ participation in the programme and (b) determine whether the Cotton YIELD Programme has increased the income of smallholder cotton farmers in Zambia. The study utilized pooled cross-section data of 300 cotton farmers, collected from two households survey (2005 and 2015) in Mumbwa district of Zambia. The Double Difference model combined with Propensity Score Matching methods were employed in the analysis. Results show that participation in the programme is positively driven by education, farm size, membership, access to credit, ownership of animal traction and media. However, distance to extension agents and market outlets negatively influence participation. Furthermore, the study found that the Cotton YIELD Programme has significantly increased crop income of smallholder cotton farmers by 38.1 percent.
Aplikasi Diagnosis Karies pada Gigi Manusia Berbasis Web
Authors: Silvia Silvia , Leonita Christine , Virginia Virginia , Candra Yosua Jaya , Sevani Nina
Published: June 2021

Dental caries is the dental health problems that are often neglected by humans. If the dental caries is neglected, it can lead to the risk of death. Web-based application to diagnose dental caries of human, aims to help public to do early diagnose of the presence of human dental caries. The benefit of this web-based application is to give suggestion for the user and assist them for the further handling. There are three kinds of human carries that can be detected by this application. The diagnose process started with some questions to be answered by the user. The answers will be compared with rules in the system to make conclusion. This application has been tested and evaluated using black-box and white-box testing method. The results of the tests and evaluation stated that this application can function properly to make early diagnose of human caries.
Tourism safety monitoring information service system based on internet of things and block-chain
Authors: Peng Lei , Chen Yan
Published: June 2021

Tourism safety is the lifeblood of national tourism development, and tourism safety information monitoring is an important foundation for tourism safety management. The maturity of Internet information technology has led to the rapid rise of blockchain and the Internet of Things. In essence, the blockchain is a shared database. The Internet of Things can access all kinds of necessary information through various networks, such as heat, electricity, dynamics, chemistry, biology, realize the ubiquitous connection between things and people, and realize the recognition and intelligent perception of objects. This article aims to study a tourism safety monitoring information service system based on the Internet of Things and blockchain. This paper uses the principle of sensor ranging and electromagnetic induction, acoustic calculation, sensor calculation, and RFID tag distance to measure the real-time position of the person’s RFID tag information and continuous monitoring information of infrasound intensity to monitor and pre-warn natural disasters in the scenic area. Research results, it shows that this system can monitor disaster information in time and can effectively reduce the risk of injury by 10% –20% of tourists.
Role and Mechanism of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Marie Anaıs , Darricau Morgane , Touyarot Katia , Parr-Brownlie Louise C. , Bosch-Bouju Clémentine
Published: June 2021

Evidence shows that altered retinoic acid signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Retinoic acid is the bioactive derivative of the lipophilic vitamin A. Vitamin A is involved in several important homeostatic processes, such as cell differentiation, antioxidant activity, inflammation and neuronal plasticity. The role of vitamin A and its derivatives in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential as therapeutics, has drawn attention for more than 10 years. However, the literature sits in disparate fields. Vitamin A could act at the crossroad of multiple environmental and genetic factors of PD. The purpose of this review is to outline what is known about the role of vitamin A metabolism in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PD. We examine key biological systems and mechanisms that are under the control of vitamin A and its derivatives, which are (or could be) exploited for therapeutic potential in PD: the survival of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, homeostasis of the enteric nervous system, and hormonal systems. We focus on the pivotal role of ALDH1A1, an enzyme expressed by dopaminergic neurons for the detoxification of these neurons, which is under the control of retinoic acid. By providing an integrated summary, this review will guide future studies on the potential role of vitamin A in the management of symptoms, health and wellbeing for PD patients.
Analysis of the correlation between occupational stress and mental health of primary and secondary school teachers
Authors: Ji Yundong , Wang Dingding , Riedl Michaela
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: With the rapid advancement of the educational reform, the requirements for primary and secondary school teachers are increasing, which makes the work pressure of teachers become greater, which can lead to a variety of mental health problems. It is the primary task to promote the psychological health of primary and secondary school teachers by analyzing the stress of teachers and putting forward reasonable countermeasures. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of occupational stress on the mental health level of primary and secondary school teachers. METHODS: 317 teachers from 6 rural primary and secondary schools in Zhejiang province were selected as research subjects. A questionnaire was designed to collect information of occupational stress, mental health, and social support scores. The teachers were compared for differences in gender, marriage status, class teacher, occupational stress, and mental health. The correlation among occupational stress, mental health, and social support was analyzed by structural equation model. RESULTS: The occupational stress of male teachers was higher than that of female teachers in self-development, work load, and career expectation, and the mental health was lower than that of female teachers in work (P < 0.05). The occupational stress of married teachers was significantly higher than that of unmarried teachers, and their mental health was significantly higher than that of unmarried teachers (P < 0.05). The occupational stress of teachers with senior professional titles was lower than that of teachers with primary and intermediate titles in the dimensions of self-development, work load, and career expectation (P < 0.05). The occupational stress of class teachers was higher than that of non-class teachers in terms of student factors, work load, and career expectation (P < 0.05). The direct path coefficient between occupational stress and mental health was –0.421, and the indirect path coefficient between occupational stress and mental health was –0.172. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational stress of male, married, class teacher, and teacher with the primary and intermediate titles was significantly greater than that of female, unmarried, non-class teacher, and senior title teacher. In conclusion, the occupational stress of primary and secondary school teachers can not only directly predict the mental health level, but also indirectly affect the mental health level through social support.
Antibacterial Effects of Some Common Spices against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Rani Barera , Naz Saima , Saeed Saba , Chatha Ahmad Manan Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Large variety of botanical extracts are being used for remedial purposes as they are inexpensive, safe and effective. The present study was designed to assess the antimicrobial effects of different spices; black pepper (Piper nigrum), fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare), carom (Trachyspermum ammi), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) against Staphylococcus aureus. The effectiveness of different spices against S. aureus was evaluated using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. It was found by statistical analysis regression method that C. verum possessed significantly higher (p < 0.00) antimicrobial effects followed by C. longa (p = 0.005) against Staphylococcus aureus, while F. vulgare (p = 0.90) and T. ammi (p = 0.78) had non- significant effect against S. aureus. Furthermore, P. nigrum (p = N.A) had no effects against the bacteria. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the antibacterial action of easily cultivated spices against Staphylococcus aureus and will be helpful to treat gastrointestinal infections using common spices instead of antibiotics
Kanamycin in Cereal Biotechnology: A Screening or a Selectable Marker?
Authors: Shuja Malik
Published: June 2021

Kanamycin is a widely used selection agent in dicot-plant genetic transformation systems. In monocots, however, it does not seem to be effective as it has no or minimal effect on the normal growth of non-transformed plants. Kanamycin was previously demonstrated to bleach the pigments of the non-transgenic plants. This may yield the idea that kanamycin can be used as an effective screening marker rather than a selectable marker in monocots.
Molecular Characterization of Rifampicin associated mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
Authors: Tahir Ali , Rafiq Rumesha , Khan Shahzeb , Khan Zaman , Tipu Imran
Published: June 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lethal pathogens causing infection in 1.8 billion people annually.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis majorly cause pulmonary infection which spreads easily by the air. Rifampicin is a first line drug used for the treatment of this disease. By binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit it inhibits the protein synthesis. The misuse of this drug and incomplete treatment causes alteration at the genetic level of rpoB gene of the MTB. The aim of our study was to find the mutations in the rpoB gene from the clinical isolates of the tuberculosis patients. We collected 412 sputum samples from patients suspected of tuberculosis and cultured in the microbiology laboratory of THQ Fatehpur, Layyah. Positive sputum cultures were analyzed for drug susceptibility test. Genomic DNA was isolated by sonication method using 20 Hz frequency of ultrasonic waves. After that primers were designed using bioinformatics tools for amplification of the gene.  Additionally, the rpoB was amplified by a hemi-nested PCR technique. 91 samples were positive for sputum culture which consisted of 54 males and 37 females. Out of the 91 positive cultures, four samples showed rifampicin resistance. Two samples carried single missense mutation at position 526 and 531 in the amino acid sequence of rpoB gene whereas third and fourth sample carried a single missense mutation at position 516   in the amino acid sequence of rpoB gene. Moreover, 22% of the tested sputum samples were positive for tuberculosis. This means that in the population of tehsil Fatehpur, Layyah tuberculosis is prevalent.  Furthermore, 4.3% of this 22% were found to be rifampicin resistant. In the future researches the harmful effect of rpoB gene mutations which is associated with function of the β-subunit of RNA polymerase in 16S rRNA and its interaction with rifampicin can be estimated by performing molecular docking
La futura disciplina delle informazioni alimentari (Prima parte)
Authors: Lattanzi Pamela
Published: June 2021

La proposta di regolamento sulle informazioni alimentari, presentata nel gennaio 2008, si pone l'obiettivo di semplificare e chiarire l'attuale scenario del settore dell'etichettatura degli alimenti attraverso la rifusione in un unico contesto di diversi atti normativi e la razionalizzazione, l'aggiornamento e il chiarimento delle disposizioni stabilite dalla fondamentale direttiva 2000/13. Molte sono le novitĂ  introdotte, sia formali che sostanziali. Dopo aver analizzato il ruolo dell'informazione nei confronti della tutela del consumatore e della libera circolazione delle merci, il saggio si sofferma su un primo profilo innovativo introdotto dalla proposta concernente il rapporto tra tutela del consumatore e funzionamento del mercato unico. L'indagine rivela come, in controtendenza rispetto alla vigente legislazione (dir. 2000/13) - e alla ricca giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia in argomento, la proposta riconosca una maggiore attenzione alla tutela del consumatore in particolare al suo diritto all'informazione - rispetto alla libera circolazione delle merci.
Il commercio dei prodotti agroalimentari tra la Polonia e l'Unione europea, con particolare riferimento al commercio con l'Italia
Authors: Duczkowska-Malysz Katarzyna , Piasecka Malgorzata
Published: June 2021

Il lavoro costituisce uno studio approfondito della situazione economica del settore agroalimentare polacco prima e dopo l'ingresso della Polonia nell'Unione europea. La prima parte si concentra sulla situazione delle imprese - tra cui quelle agroalimentari - dopo la loro adesione al Mercato unico e di fronte ai processi di globalizzazione. Sono indicate sia le conseguenze positive dell'apertura dei mercati per le imprese sia le loro debolezze. L'autrice formula, inoltre, delle sfide che devono essere affrontate dall'intero sistema agroalimentare polacco, nonchĂ¨ delle chances che dovrebbero essere ancora sfruttate. La seconda e la terza parte del lavoro sono dedicate all'analisi dell'andamento del commercio agroalimentare polacco rispettivamente, nei primi anni dopo l'entrata della Polonia nell'Unione europea (parte seconda) e nel periodo piĂą recente, ossia negli anni 2007-2008 (parte terza). Si riportano dettagliati dati statistici e si presentano delle dinamiche dello scambio commerciale dei prodotti di diversi comparti dei mercati agroalimentari. Sono individuati i mercati sui quali le imprese polacche sono piĂą competitive. La quarta ed ultima parte del lavoro ha per oggetto i rapporti commerciali nel settore agroalimentare tra Italia e Polonia. Sono presentate la struttura e l'andamento di questi rapporti. In conclusione si constata che una probabile perdita dell'attuale vantaggio competitivo delle imprese agroalimentari polacche sui mercati dei prodotti "convenzionali" (c.d. commodities), le spingerĂ  a orientarsi verso le produzioni di nicchia, ossia verso prodotti di qualitĂ .
Le strutture della sicurezza alimentare in Polonia
Authors: Korzycka-Iwanow Malgorzata , Wojciechowski Pawell
Published: June 2021

Il presente articolo affronta il tema delle strutture della sicurezza alimentare in Polonia. Nella prima parte viene presentata la disciplina comunitaria quale fattore determinante le predette strutture. La seconda parte tratta questioni piĂą generali, quali le strutture della pubblica amministrazione e il sistema delle fonti di diritto in Polonia, per passare poi ad argomenti piĂą puntuali concernenti le strutture della sicurezza alimentare e la relazione tra la normativa nazionale e la normativa comunitaria in materia. Nella terza ed ultima parte, vengono esaminati in modo dettagliato gli organi costituenti le strutture della sicurezza alimentare in Polonia, iniziando dai ministri per passare poi all'analisi della composizione, dei compiti e delle competenze degli organi centrali dell'amministrazione governativa e degli organi territoriali dell'amministrazione unita e non unita competenti in materia di sicurezza alimentare. In conclusione l'Autrice constata che l'attuale struttura degli organi che hanno compiti relativi alla sicurezza alimentare in Polonia Ă¨ complessa, poichĂ© si Ă¨ formata in diversi periodi ed Ă¨ basata su diversi criteri. Nel processo di adattamento del diritto polacco alle esigenze comunitarie, le nuove competenze e compiti risultanti dalle norme del diritto comunitario sono stati attribuiti, per ragioni di urgenza, agli organi esistenti incaricati giĂ  di compiti e competenze in altre materie. Per cui l'Autrice sostiene che Ă¨ auspicabile effettuare una riforma delle strutture della sicurezza alimentare in Polonia.
I contratti derivati come strumenti di gestione del rischio nei mercati agricoli (possibili applicazioni nelle borse merci italiane)
Authors: Corleto Francesco
Published: June 2021

Negli ultimi anni, il settore agricolo ha subito profonde trasformazioni. Le istituzioni dell'Unione Europea hanno, da qualche anno, dedicato particolare attenzione al tema della gestione del rischio in agricoltura. L'evoluzione di un sistema che si discosti dalle misure di stabilizzazione dei mercati e dei prezzi, che per oltre cinquanta anni la Pac ha garantito attraverso il sostegno dei redditi degli agricoltori, non puĂ˛ che seguire progressivamente tappe intermedie. La riforma della Pac, varata nel 2003, ha previsto, infatti, l'introduzione di un sistema di riduzione progressiva obbligatoria dei pagamenti diretti per il periodo 2005-2012. In questo modo, nel 2013 si arriverĂ  ad un sistema in cui gli interventi di sostegno saranno completamente disaccoppiati dalla produzione. Tale aiuto al reddito, soprattutto nella misura disaccoppiata al cento per cento, rischia perĂ˛ di essere socialmente impopolare, in particolare in tempi di stagnazione economica. Lo sviluppo dei mercati finanziari e la presenza di specifici servizi finanziari diretti agli agricoltori, infatti, puĂ˛ rappresentare un valido strumento per favorire la stabilizzazione del reddito degli stessi imprenditori agricoli. In virtĂą di questi cambiamenti, sarebbe opportuno che i singoli imprenditori agricoli utilizzino autonomamente gli strumenti derivati con la finalitĂ  di potersi proteggere dai rischi del mercato.
Energie rinnovabili, agricoltura e tutela del paesaggio: dalla marcia di Radetzky alla cripta dei cappuccini?
Authors: Bruni Francesco
Published: June 2021

Il lavoro analizza la disciplina delle energie rinnovabili, dal diritto europeo a quello nazionale e regionale e il suo rapporto con l'agricoltura e la tutela dell'ambiente. Particolare attenzione č posta sul procedimento autorizzatorio, regolato dall'art. 12 del d.lgs. 387/2003 e sugli interventi della giurisprudenza.
Measuring Sustainability of Nations: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Altili Priscilla , Zoppoli Pietro
Published: June 2021

Indicators are widely used tools to measure the sustainability of a nation. The definition of a concept conditions strictly its measurement. Therefore, the definition of sustainable development will determine the appropriateness of the variables selected for its measurement. The first part of this paper explores why it is impossible, at the present time, to have a univocal definition and measurement of sustainable development. The second part is devoted to the analysis of a set of synthetic indices - Human Development Index (Hdi), Adjusted Net Saving (Ans), Environmental Sustainability Index (Esi), Ecological Footprint Index (EF) and Ecological Balance (EB) - that could offer a realistic frame for measuring the progress towards sustainability of nations, as well as a way of ranking their performances. In the third part of the study, based on the selected indices, a comparative analysis of a sample of countries is proposed, aimed at showing how the variables taken into account modify the countries performance in terms of measured progress and sustainability, and also comparing the resulting shifts in Italy's rank.
Un analista puň essere anche uno scrittore?
Authors: Menghi Céline
Published: June 2021

- n questo testo si evidenzia un cambiamento di statuto della scrittura. La scrittura, da modalitŕ del soggetto per farsi La sua Storia e per dire l'indicibile dell'essere, presa nel dispositivo analitico e nella logica del fantasma e dell'al-di-lŕ del fantasma, si fa marchio, lettera a partire dalla sgrammaticatura del linguaggio, a partire dalla parola presa nel corpo. Uno snodo importante dell'esperienza analitica mette in luce un punto chiave di non ritorno per il soggetto sulla via della sua riduzione a oggetto. Parole chiave: terminal - lingua-sul-reale - corpo estraneo - lalangue - Piů-Nessuno
Parte I
Authors:   Redazione
Published: June 2021

Presentazione di Marco Focchi

Presentazione di Luis Solano

Apertura di Éric Laurent
Parte VII
Authors:   Redazione
Published: June 2021

Madame du Châtelet di Alain Grosrichard

Mania di François Leguil

Maniaco-depressivamente di Pierre Ebtinger

Manierismo di Catherine Lacaze-Paule

Matematiche di Nathalie Charraud

Materia di Serge Cottet

Melanconia di Joseph Attié

Memoria di Philippe La Sagna

Metafora di Alberto Turolla

Meteore di Catherine Lazarus-Matet

Metonimia di Anne Lysy-Stevens

Méprise di Carmelo Licitra Rosa
Cluster e distretti tecnologici: modelli e politiche
Authors: Monni Salvatore , Spaventa Alessandro
Published: June 2021

- The aim of the paper is to examine the technological districts or clusters phenomenon as an evolution of the traditional industrial district. We analyses the case of the Cambridge technology district finding that it has much in common with the Italian manufacturing districts. We also examine a case of a proto district, i.e. an area that might or might not develop in district, the proto district of Turin, trying to assess the differences with Cambridge. The comparison highlights the relevance of the same factors that have also led to the emergence of Italian industrial districts: cultural approach, knowledge transfer, social capital and institutions (formal and informal).

Parole chiave: Distretti industriali, Distretti tecnologici, Cambridge, Torino.

Keywords: Industrial district, technological district, Cambridge, Torino.
Il risparmio e i suoi nemici
Authors: Marconi Mauro
Published: June 2021

L'autore presenta una lettura della crisi finanziaria sistemica conclamata col fallimento della Lehman Brothers. Utilizza, come chiave interpretativa degli avvenimenti, il concetto di inquinamento finanziario proposto da Federico Caffč nel 1971. Ricostruisce il quadro informativo disponibile nella pubblicistica corrente dall'agosto 2007 all'agosto 2008. Mostra come il ritardo col quale viene percepita la dinamica e la dimensione della crisi possa trovare una delle sue ragioni nell'opacitŕ tipica degli strumenti coi quali l'innovazione finanziaria si č realizzata nei mercati e nelle istituzioni. In questa prospettiva, la socializzazione della sovrastruttura finanziaria realizzata coi salvataggi bancari non č solo una proposta di razionalizzazione e riforma dell'economia di mercato, quale era nei primi anni settanta, ma anche e soprattutto una condizione necessaria alla sopravvivenza della stessa.
Un'analisi delle normative regionali per il coordinamento dei tempi della cittŕ
Authors: Fasano Alessandra
Published: June 2021

Nell'ambito di studio delle misure di conciliazione e dei processi di governance verticale, l'autrice descrive una panoramica della legislazione italiana dalle pari opportunitŕ alle politiche temporali. In particolare, focalizza l'attenzione sul ruolo delle Amministrazioni Pubbliche regionali nella gestione delle politiche degli orari della cittŕ, ai sensi della L. 142/90 e/o della L. 53/2000. Attraverso un'analisi congiunta del grado di formulazione delle policies e del grado di previsione dell'implementazione della normativa regionale, presenta una tipologia del rendimento istituzionale delle Regioni italiane in materia di coordinamento dei tempi cittadini.
Interconnessioni tra sviluppo economico e demografico nel declino urbano: il caso di Genova
Authors: Calza Bini Paolo , Cortese Caterina , Violante Alberto
Published: June 2021

Il paper analizza gli effetti del de-popolamento urbano. La letteratura degli anni ottanta aveva giŕ chiarito alcuni punti rispetto al radicamento storico del decremento demografico nel pattern locale di riproduzione familiare. La deindustrializzazione precoce dovuta alla fine delle partecipazioni statali, provocň la fine delle migrazioni interne. Numerose politiche di rigenerazione hanno puntato a riorientare la crescita della cittŕ verso un'economia trainata dai servizi turistici e culturali. I risultati da un punto di vista socio-economico sembrano ambigui.
La (s)composizione della flessibilitŕ lavorativa: modulazione, forma e organizzazione del lavoro
Authors: Mandrone Emiliano
Published: June 2021

La flessibilitŕ lavorativa, intendendo i vari aspetti della relazione lavoratore-impiego, č composta da almeno 3 componenti: la modulazione oraria dell'impiego, la forma contrattuale e l'organizzazione lavorativa. L'obiettivo principale di questo articolo č la costruzione di indicatori sintetici in grado di misurare il livello di flessibilitŕ simultaneamente per le specifiche componenti, sia a livello individuale che aggregato. Inoltre la trattazione analitica di questi aspetti attraverso la lente normativa, economica e statistica consente anche una migliore identificazione della flessibilitŕ propria, legata a istanze temporanee, da quella impropria, usata per finalitŕ diverse da quelle previste dalla Legge. In questa seconda parte, infatti, si concentrano i costi economici e sociali piů rilevanti della flessibilitŕ. Sono stati usati prevalentemente i dati Isfol Plus 2008.
I distretti nella crisi: declino, adattamento o innovazione?
Authors: Busato Alessia , Corň Giancarlo
Published: June 2021

Questo articolo propone un'analisi sulle tendenze dell'economia dei distretti italiani, fornendo riferimenti empirici e teorici a sostegno di una precisa tesi interpretativa: il modello italiano di organizzazione locale della produzione č ancora oggi vitale, ma ha bisogno di accelerare il processo di evoluzione verso assetti organizzativi, tecnologici e istituzionali piů moderni. In tale prospettiva, l'articolo effettua una rassegna di alcuni contributi recenti di ricerca e presenta inoltre i risultati di una analisi econometrica che documentano la capacitŕ di tenuta ma anche le diverse linee di trasformazione in corso nei distretti italiani. In particolare, vengono evidenziati i processi di formazione delle imprese leader, di crescita dei servizi e di evoluzione delle economie di specializzazione in economie di varietŕ. Nelle conclusioni si mette in luce l'utilitŕ di integrare l'approccio tradizionale dell'analisi marshalliana ai contributi di tipo neo-schumpeteriano sull'economia dell'innovazione e dell'imprenditorialitŕ.
Il peso della politica agricola sul bilancio dell'Unione Europea
Authors: Sotte Franco
Published: June 2021

L'obiettivo di questo lavoro č di suggerire l'adozione di un approccio fondato sull'evidenza nell'analisi della spesa della politica agricola comune (PAC). Il dibattito sulla spesa per la PAC si basa generalmente sulle immagini ex-ante del bilancio, cosě come queste sono presentate nel quadro finanziario pluriennale e, prima di ogni esercizio finanziario, sugli stanziamenti di bilancio. Ma questa immagine č molto diversa da quella ex-post come appare dai pagamenti effettivi risultanti a consuntivo nelle relazioni finanziarie. Queste differenze si concentrano soprattutto sulle politiche strutturali (come la politica di sviluppo regionale e quella di sviluppo rurale), mentre non esistono differenze, o sono minime, nella spesa relativa alle politiche di mero trasferimento (come quella del 1° pilastro della PAC). Basata com'č su un'immagine parziale e distorta della spesa, la discussione sulla riforma della PAC risulta distorta essa stessa.
Mobilitŕ urbana e scelte residenziali: un'analisi economica
Authors: Bravi Marina , Giaccaria Sergio
Published: June 2021

- This study explores the intricate relationships between urban mobility, residential choices (rent or ownership) and economic levels of housing affordability of the demand. During the residential changing, the families consider simultaneously many factors, both economic and territorial, that affect their decision. This research highlights as, in a situation characterized by very high prices and very important levels of the interest rates, the expectations of the economic improvement of the households are frustrated; the anomalies in the real estate market (rent and ownership) result, at the urban scale, in a sort of stoc s, as well as, economic segregation.

Key words urban mobility, housing affordability, residential choices.

Parole chiave: mobilitŕ urbana, accessibilitŕ ai servizi abitativi, scelte residenziali.
Strategie demografiche e matrice spaziale. Demografia e governo del territorio nel conflitto israelo-palestinese su Gerusalemme
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco
Published: June 2021

Il paper analizza la connessione tra le strategie demografiche israeliane per Gerusalemme e le politiche di governo del territorio nella cittŕ, relativamente alla questione specifica dell'abusivismo edilizio nella parte orientale della Cittŕ Santa. La tesi č che Gerusalemme č oggetto di una "guerra a bassa intensitŕ", i cui obiettivi demografico-territoriali, tipici di quella che puň essere definita un'"etnocrazia urbana" (Yiftachel e Yacobi, 2003), sono perseguiti mediante pratiche e politiche di planning. La prima parte del paper si concentra sulla lettura delle caratteristiche demografiche di Gerusalemme, mentre la seconda si occupa delle politiche urbane messe in campo dalla Municipalitŕ - nello specifico in relazione all'edilizia residenziale e al problema dell'abusivismo edilizio a Gerusalemme Est - mostrando come esse si articolino lungo una linea di discriminazione etnica nei confronti della popolazione arabo-palestinese. La natura del saggio č intenzionalmente prettamente descrittiva, demandando a brevi sezioni, introduttiva e conclusiva, la definizione del quadro teorico-interpretativo di riferimento.