bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Macro-Performance of FA Ceramic Brick
Authors: Zhang Hai Ying
Published: November 2013

In this work, MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash is used as a blending in production of ceramic brick by taking advantage of its high contents of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO. Besides, macro-performance of the product was studied. It is found that when 20% fly ash is added, the product registers a high compressive strength of 18.9 MPa and a low water absorption of 8.9 % after being sintered at 1000°C. These results as a whole suggest that the use of MSWI fly ash in ceramic brick constitutes a potential means of adding value.
Welding Robot Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Zhang Xue Jun , Zhang Xue Jin
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the history and present conditions of welding robot were summarized in domestic situation and foreign situation, the latest development in technology was discussed. According to the structure and motion features of welding robots, using the UG simulation techniques can help us to establish the virtual prototype model of the robot easily, which can achieve the movement of the whole system analysis, dynamic analysis and so on. In this paper, the result of the application ADAMS simulation software is that the simulation mode provide reference for optimize the structure and drive mode design. It also was provided a possible scheme for the final optimal design.
Research Progress and Potential Application of WO3 Electrochromic Films
Authors: Chang Guang , Xu Min
Published: November 2013

As a kind of transition metal oxides, WO3 has been widely used due to its excellent performance in Electrochromism. This article introduces properties and mechanism of Electrochromism of WO3 films according to the literature of recent years, and offers a summary introduction of preparation of WO3 films. Additionally, the problems on application and improvement in future of WO3 films are discussed.
The Role of Friction Stir Welding Process Parameter on Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B
Authors: Vijayan S. , Prasath S.
Published: November 2013

The Friction Stir welding is a solid state welding invented in the year 1991.This welding technique is highly energy efficient, eco-friendly in joining the high strength aerospace aluminums alloys and its other alloys which are not able to weld by the conventional fusion welding process. Initially FSW is use to weld aluminums alloys and gradually it applies to all form of metals and alloys. In this review article the current state of understanding and development of FSW with respect to Magnesium alloys AZ 31 B is addressed. And particular emphasis is given to the effect of FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and microstructure evolution. At this stage there is wide gap in understanding the mechanism of dissimilar Magnesium welds on microstructure evolution and microstructure property relationships with respect to FSW and Submersible FSW process.
Comparative Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties of Si-Rich Oxide Films Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Khomenkova Larysa , Baran M. , Kolomys Oleksandr , Strelchuk Victor , Kuchuk Andrian V. , Kladko V.P. , Jedrzejewski J. , Balberg I. , Goldstein Y. , Marie Philippe , Gourbilleau Fabrice , Korsunska N.
Published: November 2013

RF magnetron sputtering of two separate silicon and oxide (SiO2 or Al2O3) targets in pure argon plasma was used for deposition of Six(SiO2)1-x and Six(Al2O3)1-x films with x=0.15-0.7 on long fused quarts substrate. The effect of post-fabrication treatments on structural and light emitting properties of the films with different x values was investigated by means of Raman scattering, electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction as well as by photoluminescence (PL) methods. The formation of amorphous Si clusters upon deposition process was found for the both types of films. The annealing treatment at 1150°C during 30 min results in formation of Si nanocrystallites (Si-ncs). The latter were found to be larger in Six(Al2O3)1-x films than that in Six(SiO2)1-x counterparts with the same x values and are under tensile stresses. The investigation of photoluminescence properties of annealed films of both types revealed the appearance of visible-near infrared light emission. The Six(SiO2)1-x films demonstrated one broad PL band which peak position shifts gradually to from 1.4 eV to 1.8 eV with the x decrease. Contrary to this, for the Six(Al2O3)1-x films two overlapped PL bands were observed in the 1.4-2.4 eV spectral range with peak positions at ~2.1 eV and ~1.7 eV accompanied by near-infrared tail. Comparative analysis of PL spectra of both types samples showed that the main contribution to PL spectra of Six(SiO2)1-x films is given by exciton recombination in the Si-ncs whereas PL emission of Six(Al2O3)1-x films is caused mainly by carrier recombination either via defects in matrix or via electron states at the Si-ncs/matrix interface.
Nanoparticles in Antivirus Therapy
Authors: Lokshyn Mikhail , Lozovski V. , Lysenko V.S. , Piatnytsia V. , Spivak M. , Sterligov V.
Published: November 2013

The new mechanism of the virus activity inhibition is proposed. The idea is based on the nonspecific interaction between the viral particle and nanoparticles forming a stable bound state. The formation of the interaction potential between the virus and nanoparticles is caused by the presence of both linear and nonlinear polarizabilities, leading to the emergence of the attractive and repulsive parts of the potential, respectively.
Application of Oxidized Silicon Nanowires for Nerve Fibers Regeneration
Authors: Lichodievskiy V. , Vysotskaya N. , Ryabchikov O. , Korsak A. , Chaikovsky Yu. , Klimovskaya A. , Pedchenko Yu. , Lutsyshyn I. , Stadnyk O.
Published: November 2013

Preliminary investigations have demonstrated that silicon oxides are capable for living cells adsorption. We used this capacity to regenerate nerve fibers. Different kinds of silicon oxides grown on silicon nanowires with different diameters in the range of 100 to 1000 nm were used for preparation of implants. Regeneration of nerve fibers was studied on sciatic nerves. Experiments were carried out in vivo on several groups of Whistar rats. After transverse sectioning the nerve of the first group of rats we injected the implant between the distal and the proximal nerve stumps and then repaired the injury with epineural sutures. The rats from the second (reference) group were operated in the same manner but without injecting the implants or even without transverse sectioning of the nerve fibers (sham-operated animals). The functionality of the rats` legs was monitored after six weeks. After that the nerves were prepared for examination by TEM (Transmittance electron microscopy). The main conclusion from the experiments is that the implants of oxidized silicon nanowires enhance the growth of new nerve fibers and are therefore promising for the nerve regeneration. In this report, the peculiarities of the nerve regeneration as well as the prospects of the nerve impulse transmission along the silicon nanowires are discussed.
An Experimental Study of Properties of Ultrathin Si Layer with Bonded Si/SiO2 Interface
Authors: Naumova O.V. , Fomin B. , Popov V.P. , Strelchuk Victor , Nikolenko A. , Nazarov A.N.
Published: November 2013

Properties of Si/buried oxide (BOX) systems with bonded interface in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers were studied in this paper. Results show impact of the starting Si material - Czochralski (Cz) or float-zone (Fz) grown silicon on the electron mobility (μe) and BOX charge behavior in ultrathin SOI layers. In particular, there were found: 1) the μe ~ Ne-0.3 dependencies at the electron density Ne in the range of 4х (1011-1012) cm-2 in accumulation Cz-SOI layers with the μe degradation when Si thickness decreases from 20 to 9 nm, and 2) the ~ Ne-0.6 behavior of mobility with no degradation in Fz-SOI layers. Raman spectroscopy shows the structural modification of Cz-SOI layers. An origin of degradation of the electrical and structural properties for ultrathin SOI layer is discussed.
High Sensitive Active MOS Photo Detector on the Local 3D SOI-Structure
Authors: Holota V.I. , Kogut Igor , Druzhinin Anatoly , Khoverko Y.
Published: November 2013

A structure for single photon detection is analyzed. A special shape of photon detector electrodes on local 3D SOI structure is proposed. The structure of photon detector with a vertical local SOI MOS transistor is designed.
Evaluation of Residual Stresses at the Interface with Implant by Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Benmarouane Abdelilah , Citterio Hélène , Millet Pierre , Buslaps Thomas , Lodini Alain
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was to study the interface implant-bone by synchrotron radiation, the implant has two faces the first one coated with hydroxyapatite and the second uncoated. In orthopaedic surgery, Titanium (Ti-Al-4V) implants are currently coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp), Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2, in order to obtain a stable and functional direct connection between the bone and the implant. At the implant-bone interface, the new bone reconstituted after two months of implantation must have the same properties like the natural bone in order to accept the implant. Therefore we studied the residuals stresses and texture of the new bone crystals reconstituted at the interface using synchrotron radiation on ID15 at ESRF in Grenoble, France.
Study of Interactive Stresses in Thin WC-Co Coating of Thick Mild Steel Substrate Using High-Precision Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Venter Andrew M. , Luzin Vladimir , Oladijo O. Philip , Cornish L.A. , Sacks Natasha
Published: November 2013

Investigations of interaction residual stresses between thin WC-Co surface coated layers on thick mild steel substrates have successfully been performed with neutron diffraction. This systematic approach was conducted on the reference grit-blasted substrates and their HVOF coated WC-Co products. Using a sub-millimeter gauge volume, precisely positioned, the stress gradient through the coated and non-coated substrates were determined and used to derive the coating stress condition prevailing in the thin coating by applying the stress balance (Stoney) approach. In addition, the average stress in each 200 μm thick coating was measured directly with very good agreement obtained between the calculated and measured stress values. Investigations were extended to determine the thermal nature of the residual stresses by studying the annealed counterpart samples as well to follow the evolution of the residual stress upon annealing.
Through Thickness Residual Stress Measurements by Neutron Diffraction and Hole Drilling in a Single Laser-Peened Spot on a Thin Aluminium Plate
Authors: Burak Toparli M. , Fitzpatrick Michael E.
Published: November 2013

Residual stress measurements are very challenging in thin aluminium plates. Rolling-induced crystallographic texture can lead to an S-shape fit when using the sin2ψ method for surface X-ray diffraction. Peak broadening and missing peaks can also be observed for synchrotron X-ray diffraction with conventional θ/2θ scanning due to texture. In addition, when measuring near the plate surfaces, partially-filled gauge volumes in diffraction experiments will lead to “pseudo-strains”, an apparent shift between measured and actual positions for the diffraction peak. Obtaining a meaningful value of d0 for strain calculations is another issue for diffraction experiments in thin plates. The low thickness also offers challenges for destructive methods including incremental hole drilling, i.e. there is no defined ASTM standard for measuring non-uniform residual stress profile for thin plates. In this work, 2-mm-thick Al2024-T351 plate was investigated for residual stress fields due to laser peening. Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out at POLDI (Pulse Overlap time-of-flight Diffractometer) in PSI, Switzerland and the results are compared with incremental hole drilling.
Residual Stress Distributions in Bi-Metal (Ferritic to Austenitic Steel) Joints Made by Laser Welding
Authors: Ruiz-Hervias Jesus , Iordachescu Mihaela , Luzin Vladimir , Law Michael , Iordachescu Danut , Ocaña José Luis
Published: November 2013

In this work, autogenous laser welding was used to join thin plates of low carbon ferritic and austenitic stainless steel. Due to the differences in the thermo-physical properties of base metals, this kind of welds exhibit a complex microstructure, which frequently leads to an overall loss of joint quality. Four welded samples were prepared by using different sets of processing parameters, with the aim of minimizing the induced residual stress field. Microstructural characterization and residual strain scanning (by neutron diffraction) were used to assess the joints’ features.
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction Imaging
Authors: Donges Jörn , Rothkirch André , Wroblewski Thomas , Bjeoumikhov Aniouar , Scharf Oliver , Ordavo Ivan , Ihle Sebastian
Published: November 2013

Position resolved structural information from polycrystalline materials is usually obtained via micro beam techniques illuminating only a single spot of the specimen. Multiplexing in reciprocal space is achieved either by the use of an area detector or an energy dispersive device. Alternatively spatial information may be obtained simultaneously from a large part of the sample by using an array of parallel collimators between the sample and a position sensitive detector which suppresses crossfire of radiation scattered at different positions in the sample. With the introduction of an X-ray camera based on an energy resolving area detector (pnCCD) we could combine this with multiplexing in reciprocal space.
Neutron Fibres: Confined Propagation and Focusing of Neutrons in the Micron Range and Residual Stress Analysis
Authors: Alvarez-Estrada Ramon F. , Calvo Maria L.
Published: November 2013

We summarize the confined propagation of thermal neutrons along waveguides with small transverse cross section (neutron fibres). We outline proposals for neutron fibres with transverse sizes from microns (μm) down to tens of nanometers (nm). We summarize experimental implementations by means of polycapillary glass fibres, in the μm scale. Some diffraction experiments on small samples by means of thermal neutron capillary optics are summarized. Such developments (together with absorption techniques) could have possible interest for residual stress analysis, below the mm scale.
Etoposide Selectively Ablates Activated T Cells To Control the Immunoregulatory Disorder Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Johnson Theodore S. , Terrell Catherine E. , Millen Scott H. , Katz Jonathan D. , Hildeman David A. , Jordan Michael B.
Published: November 2013

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an inborn disorder of immune regulation caused by mutations affecting perforin-dependent cytotoxicity. Defects in this pathway impair negative feedback between cytotoxic lymphocytes and APCs, leading to prolonged and pathologic activation of T cells. Etoposide, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits topoisomerase II, is the mainstay of treatment for HLH, although its therapeutic mechanism remains unknown. We used a murine model of HLH, involving lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of perforin-deficient mice, to study the activity and mechanism of etoposide for treating HLH and found that it substantially alleviated all symptoms of murine HLH and allowed prolonged survival. This therapeutic effect was relatively unique among chemotherapeutic agents tested, suggesting distinctive effects on the immune response. We found that the therapeutic mechanism of etoposide in this model system involved potent deletion of activated T cells and efficient suppression of inflammatory cytokine production. This effect was remarkably selective; etoposide did not exert a direct anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages or dendritic cells, and it did not cause deletion of quiescent naive or memory T cells. Finally, etoposide’s immunomodulatory effects were similar in wild-type and perforin-deficient animals. Thus, etoposide treats HLH by selectively eliminating pathologic, activated T cells and may have usefulness as a novel immune modulator in a broad array of immunopathologic disorders.
Serum neutralising antibody response of seronegative horses against lineage 1 and lineage 2 West Nile virus following vaccination with an inactivated lineage 1 West Nile virus vaccine
Authors: Pearce Michael C. , Venter Marietjie , Schouwstra Tjitske , Van Eeden Charmaine , Jansen van Vuren Petrus , Paweska Janusz , Liu Bo , Du Plessis Arrie
Published: November 2013

Lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strains are endemic in South Africa and cause severe neurological disease in horses. An inactivated lineage 1 vaccine, Duvaxyn WNV, protects mice against challenge with a neuroinvasive South African lineage 2 strain of WNV. To evaluate the potential of Duvaxyn WNV to protect horses against lineage 2 strains of WNV, serum neutralising antibody responses of horses against lineage 1 WNV strain NY385/99 and lineage 2 WNV strain SPU93/01, isolated from a human with meningo-encephalitis in South Africa, were compared following vaccination with two doses of Duvaxyn WNV, 28 days apart, and a third dose one year later. Twenty-two seronegative horses were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: 16 to a vaccinated group and six retained as unvaccinated controls. Blood samples were taken from all horses on study days 0, 28, 35, 42, 49, 91, 141, 182, 231, 274, 322, 364 and 413. Primovaccination with Duvaxyn WNV resulted in high titres of serum neutralising antibodies against both strains. Following a single dose of Duvaxyn WNV on day 399, one year after primovaccination, there was a strong anamnestic response with a log25-fold rise in the titres of neutralising antibodies against strains NY385/99 and SPU93/01. These results provide further evidence that Duvaxyn WNV is likely to protect horses against infection with lineage 2 strains of WNV and that a single annual booster may be sufficient to maintain immunity against lineage 2 WNV infection in horses.
Combining resistance to common bacterial blight, anthracnose, and bean common mosaic virus into Manitoba-adapted dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars
Authors: Boersma J. G. , Conner R. L. , Balasubramanian P. M. , Navabi A. , Yu K. , Hou A.
Published: November 2013

Boersma, J. G., Conner, R. L., Balasubramanian, P. M., Navabi, A., Yu, K. and Hou, A. 2014. Combining resistance to common bacterial blight, anthracnose, and bean common mosaic virus into Manitoba-adapted dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 405–415. Resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB) is generally absent in dry bean cultivars. In order to transfer CBB resistance into dry bean cultivars grown in Manitoba, crosses were made between CBB-resistant navy bean OAC Rex and susceptible cultivars Black Violet (black bean), AC Pintoba (pinto bean) and Morden003 (an anthracnose-resistant navy bean). The F1 progeny were back-crossed to the recurrent susceptible parents for four generations and selections were made based on inoculation tests and molecular markers. The BC4F3 populations were evaluated in CBB field disease nurseries for 3 yr at Morden, MB, and Harrow, ON. Three of the 114 BC4F3 navy bean lines were shown to have improved resistance to both CBB and anthracnose, whereas approximately 50% of the lines exhibited strong resistance to anthracnose. Meanwhile, 11 black bean and 7 pinto bean lines were selected with resistance to CBB and four of the seven pinto beans were also putatively resistant to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). There was good agreement between the presence of molecular markers and field resistance to CBB and anthracnose. The resistant lines recovered in this research possess desirable yield potential and seed characteristics, and can be used in crossing for future dry bean improvement.
Satisfacción percibida por los pacientes en el servicio de hemodiálisis del hospital general de La Palma
Authors: Rodríguez González David , Sanjuán Hernández David
Published: November 2013

En los tiempos actuales en los que la mayoría de los esfuerzos se centran en las nuevas actualizaciones y novedosos tratamientos para los pacientes con Insufi ciencia Renal Crónica, nuestro interés, sin embargo, se ha dirgido hacia algo mucho más básico: conseguir saber cómo perciben los pacien-tes nuestros cuidados y cómo se sienten ellos en el servicio. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar el grado de satisfacción del paciente. El servicio de Hemodiálisis en la Isla de La Palma lleva desarrollando su actividad desde mayo de 1984, no sólo para atender a los pacientes residen-tes en la isla, sino también a los transeúntes que, por diversos motivos, se encuentran aquí. Se ha efectuado un estudio mediante encuestas anónimas y voluntarias efectuadas a pacientes de la Unidad de Hemodiálisis. Hemos utilizado la encues-ta SERVQUOS modifi cada, y la escala Likert.Se realiza el tratamiento informático de los datos con el programa SPSS-19 para Windows. Según los resultados obtenidos, el índice neto de satisfacción fue de 86,36% para el ítem referido a la satisfacción general, teniendo una valoración de excelente. La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 64,63 años; el número medio de ingresos en el último año por pacientes fue de 1,08%; el porcentaje de pacientes en lista de trasplante fue del 20,7%. Los 5 ítems más valorados fueron: la confi anza trasmitida, la disposición del personal a prestarle ayuda, el trato personalizado, la amabilidad del personal y la información relacionada con la higiene. Por otro lado, los menos valorados fueron: la señalización para llegar al Servicio, la capacitación del personal, la información médica, la tecnología de los equipos y el tiempo de espera para ser atendido por el médico
Unicystic Ameloblastoma presenting as Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: Mukherji Srijon , Chauhan Yogendra , Bakshi Niladri Sekhar
Published: November 2013

Unicystic ameloblastoma refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic or gross features of a jaw cyst but on histological examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor proliferation. Unicystic ameloblastoma is a less encountered variant of the ameloblastoma and believed to be less aggressive. As this tumor shows considerable similarities with dentigerous cysts, both clinically and radiographically the biologic behavior of this tumor group was reviewed. Moreover, recurrence of unicystic ameloblastoma may be long delayed and a long-term postoperative follow-up is essential for proper management of these patients. Here, we present a case of unicystic ameloblastoma in a 12-year-old female patient.

How to cite this article

Bakshi NS, Mukherji S, Chauhan Y. Unicystic Ameloblastoma presenting as Dentigerous Cyst. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):144-146.
Bilateral Single Rooted Mandibular Primary First Molars
Authors: Anand Sevekar Shrirang
Published: November 2013

Studies and reports on root and canal morphology of primary teeth have been rare. This report describes the presence of an unusual developmental anomaly of a single root in both mandibular primary first molars in contrast to the standard description of two roots and three or four canals.

How to cite this article

Subhadra HN, Sevekar SA, Prabhakar AR. Bilateral Single Rooted Mandibular Primary First Molars. J Contemp Dent 2013;3(3):151-152.
Linking biogenic hydrocarbons to biogenic aerosol in the Borneo rainforest
Authors: Hamilton J. F. , Alfarra M. R. , Robinson N. , Ward M. W. , Lewis A. C. , McFiggans G. B. , Coe H. , Allan J. D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds are though to contribute significantly to secondary organic aerosol formation in the tropics, but understanding these transformation processes has proved difficult, due to the complexity of the chemistry involved and very low concentrations. Aerosols from above a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest in Borneo were characterised using liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry, high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) techniques. Oxygenated compounds were identified in ambient organic aerosol that could be directly traced back to isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpene emissions, by combining field data on chemical structures with mass spectral data generated from synthetically produced products created in a simulation chamber. Eighteen oxygenated species of biogenic origin were identified in the rainforest aerosol from the precursors isoprene, α-pinene, limonene, α-terpinene and β-caryophyllene. The observations provide the unambiguous field detection of monoterpene and sesquiterpene oxidation products in SOA above a pristine tropical rainforest. The presence of 2-methyl tetrol organosulfates and an associated sulfated dimer provides direct evidence that isoprene in the presence of sulfate aerosol can make a contribution to biogenic organic aerosol above tropical forests. High-resolution mass spectrometry indicates that sulfur can also be incorporated into oxidation products arising from monoterpene precursors in tropical aerosol.
Kaolinite particles as ice nuclei: learning from the use of different types of kaolinite and different coatings
Authors: Wex H. , DeMott P. J. , Tobo Y. , Hartmann S. , Rösch M. , Clauss T. , Tomsche L. , Niedermeier D. , Stratmann F.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Kaolinite particles from two different sources (Fluka and Clay Minerals Society (CMS)) were examined with respect to their ability to act as ice nuclei. This was done in the water subsaturated regime where often deposition ice nucleation is assumed to occur, and for water supersaturated conditions, i.e. in the immersion freezing mode. Measurements were done using a flow tube (LACIS) and a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC). Pure and coated particles were used, with coating thicknesses of a few nanometer or less, where the coating consisted of either levoglucosan, succinic acid, or sulfuric acid. In general, it was found that the coatings strongly reduced deposition ice nucleation. Remaining ice formation in the water subsaturated regime could be attributed to immersion freezing, with particles immersed in concentrated solutions formed by the coatings. In the immersion freezing mode, ice nucleation rate coefficients, jhet, from both instruments agreed with each other when the residence times in the instruments were accounted for. Fluka kaolinite particles coated with either levoglucosan or succinic acid showed the same IN activity as pure Fluka kaolinite particles, i.e. it can be assumed that these two types of coating did not alter the ice active surface chemically, and that the coatings were diluted enough in the droplets that were formed prior to the ice nucleation, so that freezing point depression was negligible. However, Fluka kaolinite particles which were coated with either pure sulfuric acid or which were first coated with the acid and then exposed to additional water vapor both showed a reduced ability to nucleate ice, compared to the pure particles. For the CMS kaolinite particles, the ability to nucleate ice in the immersion freezing mode was similar for all examined particles, i.e. for the pure ones and the ones with the different types of coating. Moreover, jhet derived for the CMS kaolinite particles was comparable to jhet derived for kaolinite particles coated with sulfuric acid. This is suggestive for the Fluka kaolinite possessing a type of ice nucleating surface feature which is not present on the CMS kaolinite, and which can be destroyed by reaction with sulfuric acid, which might be potassium feldspar.
A nonlinear interaction event between a 16-day wave and a diurnal tide from meteor radar observations
Authors: Huang K. M. , Liu A. Z. , Zhang S. D. , Yi F. , Huang C. M. , Gan Q. , Gong Y. , Zhang Y. H.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Relative to extensive studies of interactions between the quasi 2-day wave and tides, nonlinear interaction of the 16-day wave with tides was reported less, in particular interaction with the diurnal tide. We present an observational study of a possible nonlinear interaction event between the 16-day wave and the diurnal tide based on meteor radar measurement at Maui. An obvious 16-day wave can be observed from raw wind data. Its maximum meridional wind amplitude can attain 18.0 m s−1 at a height of 92 km during the time of our attention, which is larger than that in previous reports. Sum and difference interactions between the 16-day wave and the diurnal tide are observed to have rather different intensities. Because sum nonlinear interaction is very intense, the secondary sum wave with a period of 22.59 h is stronger than the diurnal tide. However, weak spectrum of the secondary difference wave is hardly identified. The beat of the diurnal tide with the secondary sum wave leads to substantial modulation of the diurnal tide at a period of 16 days. Moreover, this strong secondary sum wave further interacts with the 16-day wave to generate a new secondary wave with a period of 21.33 h. Such an interaction may be also regarded as a third-order nonlinear interaction between the 16-day wave and the diurnal tide with two-step interaction. Hence, the third-order nonlinear interaction between planetary waves and tides may occur significantly in the MLT region.
Foraminiferal survival after long-term in situ experimentally induced anoxia
Authors: Langlet D. , Geslin E. , Baal C. , Metzger E. , Lejzerowicz F. , Riedel B. , Zuschin M. , Pawlowski J. , Stachowitsch M. , Jorissen F. J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Anoxia was successfully induced in four benthic chambers installed at 24 m depth on the northern Adriatic seafloor from 9 days to 10 months. To accurately determine whether benthic foraminifera can survive experimentally induced prolonged anoxia, the CellTrackerTM Green method was applied and calcareous and agglutinated foraminifera were analyzed. Numerous individuals were found living at all sampling times and at all sampling depths (to 5 cm), supported by a ribosomal RNA analysis that revealed that certain benthic foraminifera were active after 10 months of anoxia. The results show that benthic foraminifera can survive up to 10 months of anoxia with co-occurring hydrogen sulfides. However, foraminiferal standing stocks decrease with sampling time in an irregular manner. A large difference in standing stock between two cores sampled under initial conditions indicates the presence of a large spatial heterogeneity of the foraminiferal faunas. An unexpected increase in standing stocks after one month is tentatively interpreted as a reaction to increased food availability due to the massive mortality of infaunal macrofaunal organisms. After this, standing stocks decrease again in cores sampled after 2 months of anoxia to then attain a minimum in the cores sampled after 10 months. We speculate that the trend of overall decrease of standing stocks is not due to the adverse effects of anoxia and hydrogen sulfides but rather due to a continuous diminution of labile organic matter.
Medium-term exposure of the North Atlantic copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) to CO2-acidified seawater: effects on survival and development
Authors: Pedersen S. A. , Hansen B. H. , Altin D. , Olsen A. J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The impact of medium-term exposure to CO2-acidified seawater on survival, growth and development was investigated in the North Atlantic copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Using a custom developed experimental system, fertilized eggs and subsequent development stages were exposed to normal seawater (390 ppm CO2) or one of three different levels of CO2-induced acidification (3300, 7300, 9700 ppm CO2). Following the 28-day exposure period, survival was found to be unaffected by exposure to 3300 ppm CO2, but significantly reduced at 7300 and 9700 ppm CO2. Also, the proportion of copepodite stages IV to VI observed in the different treatments was significantly affected in a manner that may indicate a CO2-induced retardation of the rate of ontogenetic development. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in size (prosome length) and lipid storage volume in stage IV copepodites exposed to 3300 ppm CO2 and reduced size in stage III copepodites exposed to 7300 ppm CO2. Together, the findings indicate that a pCO2 level ≤2000 ppm (the highest CO2 level expected by the year 2300) will probably not directly affect survival in C. finmarchicus. Longer term experiments at more moderate CO2 levels are, however, necessary before the possibility that growth and development may be affected below 2000 ppm CO2 can be ruled out.
Influence of physical and biological processes on the seasonal cycle of biogenic flux in the equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Vidya P. J. , Prasanna Kumar S. , Gauns M. , Verenkar A. , Unger D. , Ramaswamy V.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Seasonal cycle of biogenic fluxes obtained from sediment trap at two locations 5°24' N, 86°46' E (southern Bay of Bengal trap; SBBT) and 3°34' N, 77°46' E (equatorial Indian Ocean trap; EIOT) within the equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) were examined to understand the factors that control them. The sediment trap data at SBBT was collected for ten years from November 1987 while that at EIOT was for a one year period from January 1996. The characteristic of biogenic flux at SBBT was the strong seasonality with peak flux in August, while lack of seasonality characterised the flux at EIOT. The high chlorophyll biomass at the SBBT during the summer monsoon was supported by a combination of processes such as wind-mixing and advection, both of which supplied new nitrogen to the upper ocean. In contrast, the elevated chlorophyll at EIOT during summer monsoon was supported only by wind mixing. High cell counts of phytoplankton (> 5 μm) at SBBT dominated by diatoms suggest the operation of classical food web and high carbon export. On the contrary, dominance of pico-phytoplankton and one-and-a-half time higher magnitude of micro-zooplankton biomass along with 2-fold lesser meso-zooplankton at EIOT indicated the importance of microbial loop. The substantial decrease in the carbon export at EIOT indicated faster remineralization of photosynthetically produced organic matter.
Enhancement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency by phytoplankton in the future coastal ocean
Authors: Kim J.-H. , Kim K. Y. , Kang E. J. , Lee K. , Kim J.-M. , Park K.-T. , Shin K. , Hyun B. , Jeong H. J.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of photosynthetic performance on the energetic balance of coastal phytoplankton, in relation to community production and autotrophic phytoplankton biomass in future coastal oceans. Natural phytoplankton assemblages were incubated in field mesocosms under ambient condition (control: ca. 400 μatm CO2 and ambient temperature), and two sets of potential future ocean conditions (acidification: ca. 900 μatm CO2 and ambient temperature; greenhouse: ca. 900 μatm CO2 and 3 °C warmer). The photosynthetic performances were estimated by in vivo fluorometry (effective quantum yield (ΦPSII), steady-state light response curves (LCs)) and in situ incorporation of 14C (photosynthesis-irradiance curves). The ΦPSII and rETRm,LC (relative maximum electron transport rate) clearly reduced under acidification, in particular, when phytoplankton were exposed to high light levels. However, PBmax (maximum photosynthetic rate) was the same in the ambient and acidification conditions. Thus, phytoplankton utilized less light under acidification condition, but could still assimilate a similar amount of carbon compared to the ambient condition. The PBmax and α (photosynthetic efficiency) under greenhouse condition were significantly higher than those under ambient condition without any difference in ΦPSII, rETRm,LC and α,LC (electron transport efficiency) between the treatments. Therefore, phytoplankton utilized the same amount of light under greenhouse condition, but could assimilate more carbon than under ambient condition. As a result, Chl a normalized primary production was higher in greenhouse than in other conditions. Nevertheless, the community production did not change between the experimental treatments. The main reason for the lack of a change in primary production under future climate conditions is the control of autotrophic phytoplankton biomass by grazing. Consequently, acidification and greenhouse environments have a potential to increase growth and primary production of phytoplankton by enhancing inorganic carbon assimilation efficiency when top-down regulation is negligible.
Stable soil organic carbon is positively linked to microbial-derived compounds in four plantations of subtropical China
Authors: Wang H. , Liu S. , Chang S. X. , Wang J. , Shi Z. , Huang X. , Wen Y. , Lu L. , Cai D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Indigenous broadleaf plantations are increasingly being developed to substitute pure coniferous plantations to increase biodiversity and soil fertility in subtropical China. To assess how plantation types affect soil organic carbon (SOC) chemical composition, we used the solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning (CPMAS-NMR) technique to analyze SOC and litter C chemical compositions in a coniferous (Pinus massoniana) and three broadleaf (Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis) plantations in subtropical China. Soil microbial community composition and biomass were investigated with the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and chloroform fumigation-extraction methods, respectively. The SOC chemical composition varied with plantation type, with 34% of the SOC found in the alkyl C fraction in the P. massoniana plantation compared to < 28% in the broadleaf plantations. The amount of total PLFAs, bacterial and particularly the gram-positive bacterial population size, and microbial C / N ratio were correlated with the alkyl C content and alkyl C / O-alkyl C ratio. However, the soil alkyl C content was not correlated with the recalcitrance of leaf litter or fine roots. We thus suggest that the stable SOC composition could be attributable to the contribution of microbial-derived C compounds, rather than leaf litter or fine root quality or a direct flux of C from recalcitrant litter materials to more stable SOC pools.
Narrative Purpose and Legal Logic in “The Tell-Tale Heart”
Authors: Wall Brian
Published: November 2013

While recent scholarly efforts to link Poe's “The Tell-Tale Heart” to an exploration of judicial rhetoric and the insanity defense are to be applauded, these efforts have unfortunately misdiagnosed a key element of the insanity defense by treating it as an argument against a charge of insanity rather than an attempt to mitigate a charge of murder. In this article, I first seek to properly contextualize Poe's adept understanding of the nature of the insanity defense within the legal elements of the defense in force during the writing of “The Tell-Tale Heart.” I then utilize this understanding by exploring how this analysis gives us insight into the identity of the narrator's audience (i.e., the identity of “you”) and the meanings that this identity may give the narrator's haunting question, “but why will you say that I am mad?”
Presentación Vol.30
Authors: Editora La
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v30i0.1230
Inconstitucionalidad por Omisión. Una Reforma Constitucional (referida a la Ley de Responsabilidad del Estado y de los Servidores Públicos)
Authors: Berrios Shirley Patricia
Published: November 2013

El presente artículo analiza que se entiende por insconstitucionalidad por omisión y la facultad de los tribunales de establecer o determinar dicha figura, teniendo la prioridad el Poder Legislativo de emitir leyes, como ser la ley de Responsabilidad Civil del Estado y Responsabilidad Civil Solidaria, Penal y Administrativa de los Servidores del Estado, ya que todo mandato de la Constitución de la República, tiene que ser obligatoriamente cumplido, de lo contrario se estaría violentando el orden primario del Sistema Jurídico Nacional. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v30i0.1233 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 30, No. 1, año 2009; 57-72
Presentación Vol.31
Authors: Editora La
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v31i0.1239 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 31, No. 1, año 2010
Los Recursos en el Nuevo Proceso Penal
Authors: Antonio Fuentes Jesús
Published: November 2013

El Derecho a los Recursos en el Proceso Penal tienen su fundamento en el artículo 82 de la Constitución de la República que garantiza el Derecho a la Defensa que no corresponde únicamente al procesado sino a cualquier persona que por medio del Derecho de acción pida el órgano jurisdiccional la aplicación de las normas jurídicas al caso concreto. El presente artículo explora los diferentes recursos y formas procesales en la legislación hondureña incluyendo las normas y procedimientos extra-penales. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v31i0.1243 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 31, No. 1, año 2010; 67-107
Análisis del Plan de Estudios de la Carrera de Derecho de la UNAH, en relación con los planes de estudio de Derecho de las Universidades Privadas
Authors: Argentina López Alba
Published: November 2013

El objeto de realizar el presente trabajo de investigación es, conocer el Plan de Estudios de la Carrera de Derecho de la UNAH, por medio de un análisis comparativo con los Planes de Estudio de Derecho de las Universidades Privadas, ya que desde la vigencia del nuevo Plan de Estudios del 2003 tenemos una matrícula escasa de alumnos, que los que se han matriculado en esta Facultad en el transcurso de los años, y se ha visto el crecimiento de esta Carrera en las Universidades Privadas. Una vez realizado el trabajo se llegó a la conclusión que el Plan de Estudios de Derecho tanto de la UNAH como de las demás universidades deben ser uniformes en su contenido, y no deberia de existir la disparidad en el que en este momento se encuentran. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v31i0.1244 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 31, No. 1, año 2010; 109-124
Novedades Legislativas Año 2010
Authors: Editora La
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v31i0.1245Revista de Derecho, Vol. 31, No. 1, año 2010; 127-129
Ley Especial para el Control del Tabaco Decreto N° 92-2010
Authors: Editora La
Published: November 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v31i0.1246Revista de Derecho, Vol. 31, No. 1, año 2010; 133-148
Aerodynamic analysis of several insect-proof screens used in greenhouses
Authors: Valera D.L. , Álvarez A.J. , Molina F.D.
Published: November 2013

Insect-proof screens constitute a physical means of protecting crops and their use has become widespread in recent years. There is no doubt as to their efficiency in controlling insects, but they do have a negative influence on greenhouse ventilation as they obstruct air-flow. It is therefore necessary not only to evaluate their efficiency as a means of protecting crops, but also to estimate the degree to which they obstruct airflow. To this end the present work analyses the aerodynamic characteristics of these screens, carrying out experiments with two devices which force a flow of air through them, thus providing data of the pressure drop as a function of air velocity. The analysis of these data has provided simple ratios of the permeability and the inertial factor as a single function of porosity.
Effect of storage temperature on the flavour of citrus fruit
Authors: Marcilla A. , Zarzo M. , Del Río M.A.
Published: November 2013

This paper reports the effect of different storage temperatures (5, 15, 20 and 25 deg C) on the flavour of cv. Valencia Late Frost oranges stored for up to one month (following a pre-experimental two month storage period at 5 deg C). Samples were instrumentally analysed every week for titratable acidity, soluble solid content, maturity index, and ethanol and acetaldehyde contents. In addition, four sensory attributes were assessed by 20 taste panellists (this work formed part of their training): acidity, maturity index, off-flavours and orange-like flavour. Principal components analysis was performed to determine the correlation structure of the sensorial data. This showed that the presence of off-flavours reduced the orange-like flavour perceived, but affected neither the acidity nor the maturity index. Acidity correlated negatively with the sensorially-perceived maturity index. The higher temperatures reduced the orange-like flavour and increased the presence of off-flavours over storage; this had a negative impact on the sensorial quality of the fruit. These effects were statistically significant, though more accurate results may have been obtained had the panellists received more training.
Strawberry production from transplants fumigated with methyl bromide alternatives
Authors: López-Medina J. , López-Aranda J.M. , Medina J.J. , Miranda L. , Soria C. , Dominguez F. , Vázquez-Ortiz E. , Flores F.
Published: November 2013

Research aimed at finding alternatives to methyl bromide has tended to focus on strawberries, since this crop is the largest methyl bromide consumer in Spain, pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide, or with mixtures of methyl bromide and chloropicrin, are standard practices for controlling soil-borne diseases. Methyl bromide, however, has been phased out due to its environmental risks except for critical use exemptions. Soil fumigants were evaluated as alternatives for methyl bromide soil fumigation at two high-elevation strawberry nurseries in Spain. Strawberry plants produced at high elevation nurseries were evaluated for fruit yield at two commercial fruit production sites. All fumigation treatments had higher stolon production than plants grown in non-fumigated soil. The results indicate that pre-plant soil treatment with chloropicrin alone or 1,3-dichloropropene plus 35% chloropicrin could be potential alternatives to methyl bromide for soil treatment at high-elevation strawberry nurseries in Spain.
Short communication. Paclobutrazol for height control of two Lilium L.A. hybrids grown in pots
Authors: Francescangeli N. , Marinangeli P. , Curvetto N.
Published: November 2013

Height control is often required in order to obtain bulb plants that are proportional to their pot size and to reduce post-harvest stem elongation. Plant growth regulators afford an effective means of controlling plant height. In this study, paclobutrazol (Pbz) was studied for use in the chemical dwarfing of potted Lilium plants -the hybrids "Ercolano" and "Royal Respect"- for marketing. Their bulbs were dipped in the growth regulator (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm) for 10 min before planting. Plant height (measured at 7 day intervals), the duration of the different stages of the growth cycle, the number of flower buds formed, and the number of open and aborted flowers were recorded. The average day and night air temperatures were 25 and 13 deg C, respectively. Increasing Pbz dose progressively reduced the height of the "Ercolano" hybrid by between 29% (46.2 cm; 50 ppm) and 45% (35.3 cm; 150 ppm) compared to control plants (64.4 cm), however, neither the duration of flowering nor the number of flowers was modified. The "Royal Respect" hybrid responded with a marked shortening - by 45% (20.8 cm; 50 ppm) to 59% (28.2 cm; 150 ppm) in comparison with the average control height (51.1 cm), but in this case both the duration of flowering and the number of open flowers was reduced at the highest concentration. The feasibility of cultivating these Lilium hybrids for marketing in pots is demonstrated. However, the concentration of paclobutrazol should be adjusted according to the hybrid grown.