bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Downscaling Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Using a Super-Resolution Convolutional Transposed Network
Authors: Liu Yong , Yan Xiaohui , Du Wenying , Zhang Tianqi , Bai Xiaopeng , Nan Ruichuan
Published: January 2024

The current work proposes a novel super-resolution convolutional transposed network (SRCTN) deep learning architecture for downscaling daily climatic variables. The algorithm was established based on a super-resolution convolutional neural network with transposed convolutions. This study designed synthetic experiments to downscale daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) data, which are a key indicator for climate change, from low resolutions (2°, 1°, and 0.5°) to a fine resolution (0.25°). The entire time period was divided into two major parts, i.e., training–validation (80%) and test periods (20%), and the training–validation period was further divided into training (80%) and validation (20%) parts. In the comparison of the downscaling performance between the SRCTN and Q-M models, the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values indicated the accuracy of the models. For the SRCTN model, the RMSE values were reported for different scaling ratios: 0.239 for a ratio of 8, 0.077 for a ratio of 4, and 0.015 for a ratio of 2. In contrast, the RMSE values for the Q-M method were 0.334, 0.208, and 0.109 for scaling ratios of 8, 4, and 2, respectively. Notably, the RMSE values in the SRCTN model were consistently lower than those in the Q-M method across all scaling ratios, suggesting that the SRCTN model exhibited better downscaling performance in this evaluation. The results exhibited that the SRCTN method could reproduce the spatiotemporal distributions and extremes for the testing period very well. The trained SRCTN model in one study area performed remarkably well in a different area via transfer learning without re-training or calibration, and it outperformed the classic downscaling approach. The good performance of the SRCTN algorithm can be primarily attributed to the incorporation of transposed convolutions, which can be partially seen as trainable upsampling operations. Therefore, the proposed SRCTN method is a promising candidate tool for downscaling daily ET0 and can potentially be employed to conduct downscaling operations for other variables.
Experimental Investigation of the Evolution Process of Suspended Pipelines through River Bottoms under Unsteady Flow Conditions
Authors: Fu Changjing , Xu Yangming , Zhao Tianlong
Published: January 2024

One of the major geological hazards that can cause harm to long-distance oil and gas pipelines are water-induced disasters. These disasters are quite common and widespread. Pipelines that cross river channels are at a higher risk of facing damage due to flood-induced erosion. To shed light on the evolution pattern of riverbeds adjacent to pipelines under the influence of unsteady flow conditions, a flume model test was conducted, and the underlying mechanisms of local scour were elucidated. The experimental results demonstrate that pipelines are more susceptible to suspension during flood conditions. The suspension process of pipelines under flood conditions could be broadly divided into five stages. In comparison to constant flow conditions, the evolution process of local scour and the suspension of pipelines under unsteady flow lacked the erosion pit expansion stage, and the scour duration was shorter. Each stage exhibited distinct erosion characteristics, and both the peak flow rate and the number of flood peaks significantly impacted the maximum range and depth of the erosion pit. During pipeline-laying projects, selecting a covering layer with a larger particle size can enhance the erosion resistance of the riverbed around the pipeline. The study of the local erosion process of underwater crossing pipelines under unstable flow conditions can provide a reference for pipeline engineering design and riverbed pipeline protection strategies.
Load-Settlement Analysis of Axially Loaded Piles in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Gharibreza Zahra , Ghazavi Mahmoud , El Naggar M. Hesham
Published: January 2024

Unsaturated soil covers a significant part of the world, and studying the behavior of deep foundations in this medium is an important step in increasing accuracy and economic efficiency in geotechnical studies. This paper presents an analytical solution to investigate the load-carrying characteristics of single piles embedded in unsaturated soils, accounting for the effect of groundwater level on the pile’s response. For this purpose, relationships for shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio for unsaturated soils were collected from the literature to consider their effects as key parameters on pile performance. A parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soil moisture content on the behavior of the pile-soil system for different soil types, and the effect of pile slenderness on its load-settlement behavior was studied for varying soil moisture contents. The results indicate that the pile stiffness increases as the soil suction increases while below a critical slenderness value, hence increasing the pile load capacity. However, this improvement occurs within a limited range of soil suction that is narrower for coarse-grained soils. The pile settlement corresponding to soil failure was also evaluated by modifying the existing solutions for unsaturated soils. The developed solutions were verified against the predictions of published solutions as well as the results of finite element analysis and pile load tests. It was found that the system stiffness decreases by 50% when the water table rises from the pile toe level to the ground surface in the studied soil.
Arts and Mental Health Co-Research with Youth Advisors: The Role of Emotions, Creating Community, Learning and Growth
Authors: Wright Laura Helen Virginia , Devoy Heather , Gardner Georgia , Warran Katey
Published: January 2024

The inclusion of children and young people as co-researchers within mental health research has become increasingly recognised as valuable to improve equity and research quality. These approaches are considered important to shift knowledge and power hierarchies in research that has traditionally marginalised the voices of young people and prioritised positivist ways of knowing. Yet, very little research has explored the value of including youth advisors in research exploring the arts and mental health. This article, co-written intergenerationally, explores the role of a youth advisory (YA) in the design, data collection, and knowledge exchange of the DanceConnect research project: a study exploring if and how online dance classes may improve the social and mental wellbeing of young people (aged 16–24) living with anxiety in the UK. Drawing upon qualitative data (audio recordings of advisory meetings from the study (n = 5 meetings), a youth advisory focus group with an arts-based component (n = 1), and researcher ethnographic fieldnotes from four researchers), this study reflects on the role of a youth advisory in young researchers’ own lives. Through a reflexive analytic approach, we found that the youth advisory constructed meaningful emotional experiences, fostered spaces of learning and growth, and enabled a sense of community. Reflecting on our findings, we also set out key recommendations for researchers working in the field of arts and mental health who may wish to establish youth advisories in the future. This article acts as an important resource that can be used to inform and reflect on improving coproduction processes with youth advisors in arts and mental health research.
THE CONCEPT OF MODERNIZING ELECTRICAL SUBSTATIONS IN THE ENERGY SYSTEM OF THE BELGOROD REGION USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Prasol Dmitriy , Saenko Andrey
Published: January 2024

The work is devoted to the current topic of using digital technologies and solutions in modern electric power industry and the concept of digital transformation of electrical energy. The issue of organizing and constructing digital substations is considered as one of the leading trends in the modern electric power industry. The paper presents the main technical and organizational solutions typical for the construction of digital substations based on open protocols of the international standard IEC 61850 “Networks and communication systems in substations.” A general assessment of the condition of step-down substations in the power system of the Belgorod region is given. As an object of study, the diagram of one of the typical substations in the power system of the Belgorod region is presented and analyzed. For the considered substation, a concept for its modernization has been proposed using digital technologies and solutions to comply with the term “Digital Substation” and in accordance with the requirements of the international standard IEC 61850. Moreover, the modernization concept is proposed both taking into account the achievement of the necessary substation control functions, and in accordance with the existing level domestic energy industry and the state of the region's electrical networks. The proposed modernization will lead to an increase in the level of controllability and observability of the substation, a reduction in the costs of monitoring and self-diagnosis of secondary connections, and an increase in the level of intelligent control of the operating mode of power equipment and secondary systems. In addition, it will ensure the gradual modernization of existing substations in the region in the direction of their digitalization.
TEWI, LCCP AND LCC METRICS FOR COMPARING THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Karnaukh Viktoriia , Boris Boris , Priymak Alexey
Published: January 2024

The paper considers environmental metrics that assess the man-made impact of energy-converting refrigeration systems on the environment. The results of a comparative analysis of TEWI and LCCP obtained for a medium-temperature vapor-compression heat pump unit (VCHP) operating on refrigerants R1234ze, R1336mzz (E), R600a and R744 are presented. R1336mzz (E) has the worst environmental indicators, because the total emission of equivalent CO2 for the entire period of the life cycle exceeds the same indicator for R600a by 4.2 times. The LCCP results show that system performance and equipment manufacturing emissions are the dominant drivers of CO2 emissions over the life of the SHP unit. The results of comparing refrigerants based on TEWI and LCCP are directly proportional and depend on the amount of energy consumed by the VCHP, which is also reflected in the energy efficiency indicators of the system. It is advisable to take into account the TEWI, LCCP and LCC criteria when comparing and selecting energy-converting refrigeration systems using the multi-criteria optimization method, which will help the user get a more informative understanding of the VCHP.
La nation est-elle une réalité constitutionnelle en droit français ?
Authors: Gohin Olivier
Published: January 2024

La question de savoir si la nation est une réalité constitutionnelle en droit français peut être posée, en particulier dans le contexte du droit de la défense. Si l'on considère l'histoire du droit constitutionnel, force est de constater que le concept de nation surgit lors la Révolution française, mais qu'il est ensuite rapidement occulté jusqu'à la Constitution de 1958. Dans le droit positif, en revanche, ce n'est pas seulement aux articles 16 et 20 du texte constitutionnel que le concept réapparaît. C'est aussi à travers la Déclaration de 1789 et le Préambule de 1946 auxquels la Constitution se réfère expressément. Donner ainsi une réponse affirmative à la question posée conduit donc à un renforcement de la conception sociologique du droit constitutionnel, mais aussi à une normativisation intéressante de la nation au regard du contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois (en ce sens, C.C., 9 mai 1991, Collectivité territoriale de Corse j, notamment en ce qui concerne l'évolution récente du statut juridique de l'Outre-mer français.
Los límites a la integración europea
Authors: Vernet i Llobet Jaume
Published: January 2024

L'article du Professeur Vernet met en question le caractère inconditionnel du Droit communautaire à travers la perspective interne. L'auteur nous dit qu'il existe deux types de limites au droit dérivé européen sur le plan constitutionnel : les limites internes et celles externes, i.e., celles qui procèdent des Constitutions des Etats membres ou du Droit primaire européen. Ces deux limites peuvent être complémentaires entre elles ou coïncider.

Parmi les limites internes, l'auteur met l'accent sur certains caractères fondamentaux des Etats membres, définis par les Constitutions et qui ne peuvent pas être modifiés par le droit communautaire dans la mesure où celui-ci n'est pas chargé d'affecter ces traits essentiels qui constituent le "noyau dur" de la souveraineté des Etats. Dans le cas espagnol, qui fait l'objet de ce texte, cette limite est très claire si l'on étudie les buts constitutionnels du pouvoir constituant, du pouvoir de réforme de la Constitution et du processus d'intégration européenne.

Du point de vue de l'Union Européenne, les Traités et la jurisprudence ont élaboré toute une série de principes qui délimitent aussi en faveur des Etats les compétences des Institutions européennes, ainsi qu'on peut le déduire de l'application des principes de subsidiarité, de respect des identités nationales et des droits fondamentaux, d'attribution de compétences, de proportionnalité, de flexibilité ou coopération renforcée, et celui de l'autonomie institutionnelle.
La Ciudadanía, presupuesto de una República europea. Apuntes para una política del Derecho
Authors: López Pina Antonio
Published: January 2024

El trabajo se plantea en qué medida el espíritu de la Constitución española ha sido incorporado a los Tratados de Maastricht y de Amsterdam y trata de pensar un proyecto europeo a la altura de los tiempos que oponer a las relaciones de poder realmente existentes. Punto de partida es la idea española del Estado social y democrático de Derecho, con su hincapié en la igual libertad. A partir de tal prejuicio (Vorverstãndnis), trata de pergeñar una situación europea alternativa bajo el Derecho Comunitario vigente.

Tras una breve descripción del estadio actual de la Comunidad Europea, analiza la tabla de derechos de los ciudadanos, que no viene sino a reflejar el arquetipo del Estado social-liberal del siglo XIX. Las contradicciones que afloran en el ordenamiento jurídico vigente y nuevos constreñimientos desatan una dinámica propia, que impulsa el proceso de cambio. Sobre tal telón de fondo, la ciudadanía europea -que al ser compartida por ciudadanos de distinta nacionalidad, deja tras de sí los límites territorial-soberanos del Estado -se ofrece como quicio a una política del Derecho que supere contradicciones fundamentales y lleve nuestras sociedades a identificarse plenamente con la Unión Europea.
The Good Friday Agreement : A New Constitutional Beginning in Northern Ireland ?
Authors: Ruane Joseph , Todd Jennifer
Published: January 2024

El Acuerdo conseguido el 10 de abril de 1998 en las Negociaciones multipartidistas fue presentado como un "nuevo punto de partida " para la política en Irlanda del Norte. Sus previsiones constituyen un arreglo imaginativo y detallado entre las partes en conflicto. El Acuerdo comprende un nuevo compromiso constitucional, una transferencia de nuevas instituciones para Irlanda del Norte en las que compartir el poder, una firme regulación en materia de igualdad y derechos humanos, nuevos lazos institucionales entre las dos partes de Irlanda y entre Irlanda y Gran Bretaña y mecanismos para pasar de la violencia e inestabilidad a una política democrática estable. Este compromiso se ha alcanzado mediante la desagregación y redistribución de diversas funciones estatales entre las instituciones británicas, Irlandesas, de Irlanda del Norte y las del Norte-Sur. Está garantizado por un tratado internacional entre Gran Bretaña e Irlanda. Sin embargo, los conflictos acerca de materias sobre las que el Acuerdo es ambiguo (especialmente el decomiso de las armas de los paramilitares) han retrasado su cumplimiento y han provocado crisis políticas. Ahora se ve claro que una de las limitaciones importantes del Acuerdo reside en la ausencia de previsión de una autoridad capaz de arbitrar los desacuerdos en su interpretación. Incluso, aunque la crisis sobre el decomiso se resolviera, permanece el interrogante acerca de la capacidad del Acuerdo para conciliar conflictos de intereses entre las partes a largo plazo. Sin embargo, aunque su éxito no está garantizado, es probable que el impacto del Acuerdo sobre la política de Irlanda del Norte sea duradero.
Integración europea y Constitución europea
Authors: Pérez Calvo Alberto
Published: January 2024

La construction communautaire européenne s'est effectuée jusqu'à présent à petits pas et par la technique juridique du Traité international. On est arrivé ainsi à un haut degré d'intégration, même si le système montre une complexité excessive et en conséquence une absence de clarté, ce qui diminue sa légitimité et son efficacité.

Après une première étape où le seul moteur des Communautés Européennes étaient les Etats membres, l'irruption d'un Parlement européen élu au suffrage universel a mis en scène un nouvel acteur doté d'une légitimité et d'une autonomie propres. Le nouveau Parlement a cherché la simplification du système et, surtout, une place appropriée dans le processus de décision jusqu'alors monopolisé par le Conseil. C'est ainsi que surgissent les projets Spinelli (1984) et celui de la Constitution européenne (1994).

Pour leur part, les Traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam, même s'ils ont compliqué encore davantage le système, ont amélioré d'une façon remarquable la situation du Parlement européen dans le processus de décision communautaire.

Aujourd'hui, en Europe communautaire apparaissent deux éléments matériels qui pourraient favoriser la perspective d'une Constitution européenne : d'une part, l'Union européenne qui, en plus d'un acquis institutionnel considérable, offre des institutions très significatives dans ce sens, comme la citoyenneté européenne ; d'autre part, l'Etat, qui a acquis une nouvelle dimension, communautaire, indispensable pour pouvoir franchir ce pas.

Cependant, l'auteur, qui défend le caractère nécessaire de la construction européenne face au caractère contingent d'une Constitution européenne, se montre sceptique à l'égard de cette possibilité. D'abord, parce que les objectifs substantiels poursuivis par les promoteurs d'une Constitution européenne, peuvent être atteints par les moyens conventionnels internationaux, comme jusqu'à présent. Ensuite, et fondamentalement, en raison de la grande difficulté qu'entraînerait la cession de la souveraineté à la nouvelle entité européenne de la part des Etats membres, i.e., de ses gouvernants mais aussi de ses citoyens.
Les mutations de la notion de Constitution et le droit constitutionnel
Authors: Pierré-Caps Stéphane
Published: January 2024

Entendido clásicamente como el derecho del poder político y del ciudadano, el derecho constitucional parece confundirse en adelante con la "Constitución normativa", teorizada por KELSEN y sostenida por la imposición del constitucionalismo norteamericano y la generalización del control de inconstitucionalidad de las leyes. Aboliendo las fronteras entre los ordenes jurídicos nacionales, pero también entre estos últimos y el orden jurídico internacional, el derecho constitucional normativo anunciaría el advenimiento de la ciudadanía del mundo, incluso su propio fin histórico.

Ocultando así el propio dualismo del concepto de Constitución, no solamente construcción racional, sino también resultado de la historia, de la acción y del combate del hombre, la imposición de la "Constitución normativa" choca contra la realidad de los hechos y se muestra incapaz de solventar la cuestión de la identidad colectiva de la sociedad política : ¿ quiénes somos y cómo vivir juntos ?

Esta es hoy la cuestión constitucional, es decir la de la "Constitución demòtica". Reconociendo el arraigo nacional de la democracia constitucional y la impotencia del constitucionalismo liberal clásico frente a las separaciones nacionales, a reserva de organizarei "Estado sin sustancia" en Bosnia, Kosovo, incluso en la Unión europea, el derecho constitucional demòtico es a la vez un método de análisis que restituye el dualismo inherente al fenómeno constitucional, apareciendo la Constitución no como el principio de la vida jurídica sino como su punto de llegada ; y también un objeto de análisis, dedicándose a la juridicización del querer vivir juntos.
La juridictionnalisation du droit international ou la révolution en trompe-l'œil.
Authors: Weckel Philippe
Published: January 2024

While the growth in international legal disputes is spectacular, one should consider the nature of the phenomenon. Logically it reflects the needs of the States comprising the international society ; due process of law provides them with legal security and the guarantee of an impartial and definitive application of the law. The qualitative contribution it makes thus illustrates the link between the creation of jurisdictions applying international law and the concept of good governance.

This transformation of law also reflects the decentralised nature of the international legal system. It creates competition between various controlling bodies with a clear risk of potential contradiction in case law. However, it also creates a highly stimulating situation and is a powerful factor in promoting an evolution in the law and in its application.

The establishment of jurisdictions applying international law profoundly changes its very nature. It enhances the judicial function in that this becomes associated with the increasing rule of law in major political disputes and with fundamental questions that increasingly concern society on an international level. One cannot call it a revolution as neither has the international power structure been modified, in spite of the emergence of a world civil society, nor has the essential nature of international law been changed. However it confirms that a country under the Rule of Law is legalist in its approach to foreign policy.
Naturaleza «sui generis » de la Union Europea : un nuevo concepto de confederación contemporanea ?
Authors: Garcia Gestoso Noemi
Published: January 2024

El proceso de integración europea en curso provoca grandes transformaciones en los Estados que participan en el mismo. Tales cambios inciden en los elementos básicos estatales sobre los cuales se han erigido los Estados desde el siglo XV, especialmente sobre su soberanía, entendida como poder último y supremo que se manifiesta esencialmente en la creación de un ordenamiento jurídico originario. Soberanía que en los Estados Constitucionales contemporáneos democráticos pertenece al pueblo, que la ejercita como poder constituyente elaborando y aprobando una Constitución, primera y superior norma de todo su ordenamiento jurídico, a la que quedan sometidos todos los poderes públicos. De este modo se limita jurídicamente el poder y se garantizan los derechos fundamentales y libertades públicas de los ciudadanos. La Unión Europea altera tales presupuestos, de modo que resulta ineludible profundizar en su comprensión y análisis con el objetivo de determinar cuáles son las relaciones entre el nuevo ente creado, los Estados miembros y sus ciudadanos. El examen comparativo entre el fenómeno comunitario y los modelos clásicos de Confederación y Estado federal, como uniones de Estados de carácter político con incidencia constitucional, que comparten todos ellos la creación de un espacio común más o menos reducido pero siempre desde premisas pacíficas y consensuadas y desde la lógica democrática, puede contribuir a determinar cuál es la naturaleza actual de la Unión Europea. Del estudio de la norma constitutiva de la asociación, de su procedimiento de reforma, y del impacto del ordenamiento jurídico que emana de la nueva entidad, se pueden extraer conclusiones que permiten catalogar a la Unión Europea existente hoy como Confederación moderna.
La Gimnasia cerebral para la creatividad en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vega-Granda Ricardo Alfredo , Esteves-Fajardo Zila Isabel
Published: January 2024

La creatividad, como acción que comporta la construcción de aprendizajes en torno a la solución de cualquier situación o problema vital, es un proceso que se fundamenta neurológicamente; es decir, el cerebro lo determina. De allí que sea necesario el cuidado que se debe tener de la actividad y los procesos cerebrales para fomentar el pensamiento creativo. En el marco de este planteamiento, se presenta esta investigación la cual tuvo como objetivo describir la gimnasia cerebral como posibilidad para potenciar la creatividad de los estudiantes universitarios. Asimismo, se corresponde con una investigación documental con diseño bibliográfico. Finalmente, se infiere que la gimnasia cerebral es una potente herramienta para la formación humana y de necesaria aplicación en el contexto universitario, pues genera mayores niveles de atención, entendimiento y razonamiento, condiciones necesarias para el aprendizaje y la generación de procesos de adaptación a nuevas situaciones de manera ingeniosa y creativa.
Reacting to Generative AI: Insights from Student and Faculty Discussions on Reddit
Authors: Wu Chuhao , Wang Xinyu , Carroll John , Rajtmajer Sarah
Published: January 2024

Generative Artificial intelligence (GenAI) such as ChatGPT has elicited strong reactions from almost all stakeholders across the education system. Education-oriented and academic social media communities provide an important venue for these stakeholders to share experiences and exchange ideas about GenAI, which is constructive for developing human-centered policies. This study examines early user reactions to GenAI, consisting of 725 Reddit threads between 06/2022 and 05/2023. Through natural language processing (NLP) and content analysis, we observe an increasingly negative sentiment in the discussion and identify six main categories of student and faculty experiences of GenAI in education. These experiences reflect concerns about academic integrity and AI's negative impact on the value of traditional education. Our analysis also highlights an additional workload imposed by new technologies. Our findings suggest that dialogue between stakeholders in the education community is critical and can mitigate sources of tension between students and faculty.
Analisa Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Stunting : Literatur Review
Authors: Santoso Puguh
Published: January 2024

Stunting pada anak  merupakan masalah nasional yang  disebabkan oleh multifaktor yang berdampak negatif terhadap sumber daya manusia di masa yang akan datang antara lain berdampak terhadap  penurunan kecerdasan, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan produktifitas kerja dan memperburuk kesenjangan serta dimana terjadi pertumbuhan tinggi badan lebih pendek dari usia pada umumnya. Stunting pada anak balita merupakan konsekuensi  dari  beberapa faktor  yang sering dikaitkan  dengan  kemiskinan  termasuk  gizi, kesehatan,  sanitasi  dan  lingkungan.  Ada  lima faktor  utama  penyebab  stunting yaitu kemiskinan,  sosial  dan  budaya,  peningkatan paparan  terhadap  penyakit  infeksi,  kerawanan pangan  dan  akses  masyarakat  terhadap pelayanan  kesehatan. Tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk menganalisa  faktor faktor yang berpengaruh  terhadap stunting   Metode: Literature  yang didapatkan  dari  SINTA,  PUBMED,  Garuda  dan  google  scholar  databased.    10  literatu re review menggunakan beberapa desain yaitu deskriptif eksploratif, cross sectional, deskriptif cross sectional study, case-control, deskriptif analitik, deskriptif dari tahun 2013-2023 kemudian dilakukan analisa PICO Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor faktor  yang bervariasi  .  Kesimpulan: Faktor faktor stunting bisa dipengaruhi oleh kemiskinan,  sosial  dan  budaya,  peningkatan paparan  terhadap  penyakit  infeksi,  kerawanan pangan  dan  akses  masyarakat  terhadap pelayanan  kesehatan  secara sendiri atau bersama sama.

Kata Kunci: faktor penyebab, stunting,balita
Efficient Performance Analysis of Image Enhancement Filtering Methods Using MATLAB
Authors:   FST, ECE, THE ICFAI University Raipur, Raipur, CG-India., Nagaiah Dr. K
Published: January 2024

Image enhancement is both an art and a science, playing a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of high-resolution images like those captured by digital cameras. Its primary goal is to unveil hidden details within an image and augment the contrast in images with low contrast. This method offers a plethora of options for elevating the visual appeal of images, making it an indispensable tool in numerous applications that face challenges such as noise reduction, degradation, and blurring. In this paper, we implemented frequency domain low pass filters like ideal low pass filter, Butterworth low pass filter and Gaussian low pass filters with execution time using MATLAB. The Butterworth low pass filter given better results than other two with less execution time.
Computer Vision Integrated Website
Authors:   Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., Kaushik C S S Krishna , Panda Prathit ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., Asrith P S S ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., Rozario M Patrick ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India., John Prof. Ayain ,   Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore (Karnataka), India
Published: January 2024

Computer vision is an integral part of artificial intelligence that empowers machines to perceive the world similar to human vision. Despite its extensive evolution, widespread awareness of its potential remains limited. The goal of the "Computer Vision Integrated Website" paper is to enhance awareness and exhibit the capabilities of computer vision. By creating an accessible platform featuring various computer vision models, authors aim to captivate audiences and drive growth in the field. The paper seeks to illustrate how computers interpret visual information by integrating user-friendly computer vision models into a website. Through practical demonstrations like emotion detection and pose estimation, authors intend to showcase the potential of computer vision in everyday scenarios. Ultimately, authors strive to narrow the knowledge gap between technical advancements in computer vision and public understanding, fostering curiosity and encouraging broader interest in the technology.
Cidadania e representação na constituição republicana de Kant
Authors: Durão Aylton Barbieri
Published: January 2024

A constituição republicana é uma ideia da razão que foi exemplificada na experiência pelas Constituições Francesas, as quais inspiram os conceitos kantianos de cidadania e representação. Como a vontade unificada do povo, enquanto soberano, não pode cometer injustiças contra ninguém, então, os cidadãos devem votar diretamente nas leis ao exercer o poder legislativo, mas ele oscila entre o voto censitário da Constituição de 1791 e o sufrágio universal masculino da Constituição de 1793. A representação é expressa na divisão de poderes, pois o poder legislativo pode ser representado nos povos grandes, na separação do poder executivo do legislativo e no julgamento popular através do júri.
Pharmacokinetics of Local Anesthetics in Dentistry: The Example of Articaine-Containing and Mepivacaine- Containing Anesthetics
Authors: Machin A. , Fokina S. A. , Mityushkina T. A. , Filippov K. Yu. , Korovushkina E. K.
Published: January 2024

Aim. To analyze current data on the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for local anesthesia in dental practice, with particular emphasis on articaine-containing and mepivacaine-containing anesthetics.

   Materials and Methods. The study of up-to-date information from the Cyberleninka, Elibrary, Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases was carried out during a systematic review of the literature. Selected and included articles, the content of which concerns the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics articaine and mepivacaine.

   Results. 55 publications were reviewed. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 42.

   Conclusions. According to the analyzed data, the choice of local anaesthetic solution should be made individually for each patient and be based on the pharmacokinetics of the drug.
The use of modern technologies and the machine system Reciproc (VDW) during the revision of the root canals of a tooth with apical periodontitis: a case report
Authors: Ivanova E. V. , Sabantseva E. G. , Korsakova E. V.
Published: January 2024

Endodontic retreatment in most cases is indicated with the development of apical periodontitis in teeth with previously treated root canals. This treatment is complicated by the fact that the root canals can be lined with any material: guttapercha pins, paste, cement, anchor and fiberglass pins, resorcinol-formalin paste, fragments of tools can be located in the channels at any level and root canal transportation can occur. The choice of endodontic treatment or tooth extraction is always before dentists. The availability of modern machine files, ultrasound attachments, filling materials and X–ray examinations in the assortment of doctors makes it much easier for dentists and therapists to conduct endodontic treatment and improves its quality. This article presents a clinical case of repeated endodontic treatment of a 2.6 tooth with apical periodontitis and a clinical picture of chronic sinusitis. The article shows the main stages of treatment, the results of X-ray examinations, microbiological examination of the root canal biofilm before and after mechanical treatment with the Reciproc endosystem and long-term results, which will help practicing dentists during root canal revision.
Analisis Perbandingan 2 Dan 3 Blade Turbin Angin Kecil Sumbu Vertikal Tipe Savonius
Authors: Sugeng Ucok Mulyo , Hadi Veriah , Setiadi Bambang
Published: January 2024

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian, dan melakukan uji coba dari sebuah turbin angin tipe savonius dalam kapasitas kecil. Pemukiman wilayah pesisir pantai memiliki wilayah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan energi angin baik yang skala kecil maupun skala menengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perfomansi turbin angin sumbu vertical tipe savonius hasil rancang bangun, dengan diameter kincir keseluruhan 50 cm dan tinggi 100 cm. Untuk meneliti efisiensi turbin angin sumbu vertical tipe savonius jumlah blade 2 dan 3. Pada kesempatan ini akan dilakukan Analisa perfoma turbin Angin hasil rancang bangun pada jumlah blade 2 dan 3. Hasil rancang bangun turbin angin jumlah blade 2 menghasilkan effisiensi terbesar 299 % pada kecepatan angin 1 m/s dan pada jumlah blade 3 menghasilkan efisiensi terbesar 306,8% pada kecepatan angin 1m/s.

Kata kunci: Turbin angin, efisiensi, kecepatan angin.
Enhancing Osteogenic Ability and Nutritional Status with Combined Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Ginkgo Biloba Extracts In Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Clinical Study
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Chen Xinglin , Liu Huifen , Yang Meng , Tong Xin
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the effects of combined platelet-rich fibrin and Ginkgo biloba extracts on osteogenic ability following maxillary sinus floor augmentation. The study enrolled 77 patients at our institution. The control group (41 patients) received Bio-Oss TM bone powder, while the research group (36 patients) received platelet-rich fibrin. We compared periodontal conditions, complications, changes in maxillary bone mineral density, and growth factor levels pre-and post-surgery. The results indicated significant improvements in the research group compared to the control group, including lower bleeding index, probing depth, and attachment loss, alongside increased bone height and thickness (P < 0.05). The research group exhibited a lower incidence of postoperative oral mucosal inflammation and swelling, higher bone mineral density, and elevated growth factor levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Nutritional assessments indicated better lipid profiles and less mild malnutrition in the research group (P < 0.05). Mouse osteoblast MC3T3 cells were treated with platelet-rich fibrin to assess cell proliferation and expression of RUNX2 and OCN. Results showed enhanced cell viability, increased RUNX2 and cyanate levels, and reduced apoptosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, combined platelet-rich fibrin and Ginkgo biloba extracts significantly enhanced osteogenic ability and nutritional status following maxillary sinus floor augmentation, suggesting substantial clinical value.
The impact of the duration of wave treatment on the development of yeast populations
Authors: Grishin Artem G. , Karpenko Dmitry V. , Karagod Viktorija A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The scientific literature does not contain research on the influence of monochromatic light treatment on the development of bottom-fermenting beer yeast populations.

Purpose: An analysis of the literature data allowed us to suppose the possibility of activating the development of the beer yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae population through preliminary treatment with light of visible spectrum wavelengths, providing technological and economic efficiency of such an impact method on a production scale.

Materials and Methods: The object of research was the process of cultivating a population of bottom-fermenting beer yeast Saflager S-189 (Fermentis). The subject was the influence of preliminary treatment of the seed yeast with monochromatic light with a wavelength of 980 nm on this process. Its effectiveness was assessed by the weight loss of the cultivation medium, the increase in the total cell titre, the proportion of unviable and "fed" cells. A KFK-2 photoelectrocolorimeter was used as a source of monochromatic light with wavelengths of the visible range. Seeding of mediums and sample preparation for analysis were performed in a BAVnp-01-"Laminar-S."-1.2 antibacterial air medium box. The yeast's fermenting activity was assessed by the weight loss of the nutrient medium; the total cell titre was established by counting in a Goryaev's chamber; the percentage of unviable cells was determined using methylene blue dye; the percentage of "fed" yeast cells was established by staining glycogen with iodine solution.

Results: Preliminary treatment of the seed yeast with monochromatic light (980 nm) allowed increasing the fermenting activity of bottom-fermenting beer yeast by 10-15% compared to the control, which is consistent with the results of other research groups concerning populations of microorganisms of other genera and species. The values of other determined indicators - the proportion of "fed" and unviable cells, the total yeast cell titre - in the experimental variants were at the level of those in the control samples or slightly inferior to them. Data on the influence of the duration of seed yeast irradiation for 60, 120 or 180 minutes on the listed controlled indicators are presented, and the authors express the opinion about the appropriateness of its conduction for 60 minutes.

Conclusion: The principle possibility of activating the development of a population of bottom-fermenting beer yeast by preliminary treatment of seed yeast with light with a wavelength of 980 nm, which can give an economic effect on an industrial scale, is substantiated; the necessity of testing the technological method under study in conditions close to production ones, i.e., for brewing wort with an irradiated suspension of seed yeast, is noted.
Development of Functional Bread Technology Based on a Baking Mixture of Bioactivated Wheat and Rye
Authors: Alekhina Nadezhda N. , Ponomareva Elena I. , Bakaeva Irina A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In connection with the acquisition of new data in the field of metabolic aspects of food pharmacology and toxicology, the production volume of functional products is growing every year and is one of the important priority directions for the development of the food industry. To enrich bakery products, bioactivated grain, flour from whole wheat and rye, and bakery mixes using these types of flour have been widely used lately. The preparation of grain bread based on a bakery mix made from wheat and rye bioactivated by the disintegration-wave method leads to products with a sticky, highly kneadable crumb.

Purpose: To develop a bakery mix using flour from whole grain bioactivated wheat and rye and a technology for functional bread of improved quality based on it.

Materials and Methods: The objects of research were ten samples from baking mixes with different compounding components. In the fermentation test, the fermentation activity was determined on the National rhizograph, the acidity was determined by titration. The quality of bread after 20 hours of storage and its chemical composition were evaluated in accordance with generally accepted methods specified in current standards.

Results: The best dough properties and bread quality were observed in the sample made based on the bakery mix without the use of dry wheat gluten, with an increased dosage of ascorbic and citric acids, whey, in which 100 grams contained equal parts of flour from whole grain bioactivated rye and wheat, peeled rye flour, and first-grade wheat flour (each at 23.63%). As a result of evaluating the chemical composition of the developed product, it was found that it is classified as a functional food due to its significant content of magnesium, phosphorus, iron, thiamine, and riboflavin.

Conclusion: The choice of a bakery mix composition using flour from whole grain bioactivated rye and wheat has been justified to produce functional bread with a nearly non-kneadable crumb. A preparation technology has been developed, which will intensify the technological cycle of product production by eliminating the dough fermentation stage.
Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide wetting properties in the context of safe application in aseptic milk filling
Authors: Manevich Boris V. , Zhizhin Nicolai A. , Burykina Elena A. , Titov Evgeniy N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: In aseptic filling systems, packaging materials are sterilized using various methods to eliminate microorganisms. One of the most popular methods for sterilizing packaging materials is the use of hydrogen peroxide. The wetting property of the surface plays a crucial role in ensuring effective inactivation of microorganisms and uniform treatment of the aseptic packaging. Improving the wetting properties of hydrogen peroxide solutions by adding surfactants will enhance the contact of the sterilant with the lyophobic multilayer packaging material's treated surface, providing the necessary sterilizing ability and disinfectant action during the aseptic filling of milk and dairy products.

Purpose: To study the wetting properties of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions on various substrates and the possibility of their correction with surfactants to ensure better packaging wetting and safe disinfection processes.

Materials and Methods: The objects of the study included the disinfecting substance and sterilant - hydrogen peroxide, surfactants used as technological aids in the food industry, and combined multilayer packaging materials based on paper, cardboard, aluminum foil, and polymer materials used in aseptic milk filling processes. Wetting ability was evaluated by the contact angle in a 3-phase system: adhesive (hydrogen peroxide, water, surfactant solutions) - substrate (packaging material, steel plate, glass) - air using the drop shape analysis based on the Young-Laplace method; surface tension was determined by the optical drop shape analysis using the DSA25S device; surface tension of solutions at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C was determined using the maximum bubble pressure method. The presence of residual amounts of the surfactant polysorbate on the sterilized packaging material was analyzed by HPLC.

Results: The Tetra Brik®Aseptic packaging material exhibits pronounced lyophobic properties. The introduction of 0.1% polysorbate surfactant into the hydrogen peroxide solution (~35% w/w) reduced the contact angle by more than 50%, from 93.75° to 40.99°, and significantly decreased the surface tension (45-48%).

Conclusion: Improving the wetting properties of hydrogen peroxide solutions will enhance the contact of the sterilant with the treated surface of the lyophobic multilayer packaging material by adding a surfactant, ensuring the necessary sterilizing ability and disinfectant action during the aseptic filling of milk and dairy products. The application conditions of hydrogen peroxide solutions with the addition of 0.1% nonionic surfactant polysorbate in aseptic filling, considering both effectiveness in disinfecting packaging material and safety related to the removal of its residual amounts, allow considering it as a technological aid.
Characteristics of the metabolite complex produced L.reuteri LR1
Authors: Begunova Anna Vasilevna , Zhizhin Nikolay Anatolevich
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Lactic acid microorganisms have valuable biotechnological and probiotic properties. Probiotic properties are often mediated by biologically active metabolites produced by these microorganisms. The ability of lactic acid microorganisms to produce biologically active compounds has received special attention in recent years, as their positive effect on the human body has been determined. However, there is a huge knowledge gap regarding the composition of metabolite complexes that requires study to ensure their safe use.

Purpose: The current study of the metabolite complex produced by L. reuteri LR1, obtained by cultivating the strain in the MRS broth nutrient medium at a temperature of (37±1)ºС for 24 hours.

Materials and Methods: The object of research was a cell-free supernatant (metabolite complex) obtained by cultivating the Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 strain from the collection of the Federal State Scientific Institution “VNIMI”. The antimicrobial activity of MK L. reuteri LR1 against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 6538, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 was determined by the agar diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of the samples was determined using the ORAC fluorescence method. The content of organic and amino acids in LA was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Identification of secondary metabolites present in MK was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results: The biological activity of MK produced by L. reuteri LR1 was determined. The composition of the cell-free metabolite complex secreted by L.reuteri LR1 during cultivation in the MRS broth nutrient medium at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours was characterized. The presence of amino acids and organic acids in LA was confirmed and their content was determined. In addition, secondary metabolites present in MK have been identified, some of them have confirmed biological activity.

Conclusion: The results obtained may be useful for predicting the probiotic potential of MK, however, it is necessary to determine the likely correlation between the composition of MK and its beneficial properties, which will allow us to identify new possibilities for the use of MK produced by probiotic microorganisms.