bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational turbulence and couples’ convergence and divergence in weekly highs and lows during three months of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Li Shaochun , Solomon Denise Haunani , Brisini Kellie St.Cyr
Published: November 2023

Previous research has found relational benefits of interpersonal emotional convergence. Drawing on relational turbulence theory, we expected that partners’ convergence in emotional high and low points is associated with relational uncertainty, qualities of interdependence, and relational turbulence. These hypotheses were tested using data retrieved from a longitudinal project in which spouses in 64 American married couples independently reported high and low experiences and completed relationship measures every week for ten weeks from June to August of 2020. Results from multilevel models confirmed some of the hypothesized benefits of convergence in highs, but predictions about convergence in lows were largely unsupported. The findings suggest that dyadic emotion is an antecedent of relational turbulence processes and highlight the importance of sharing positive experiences for maintaining relationship health.
The circular heritage model of Paris 2024 and its possible local legacy perspective
Authors: Ricordel Pascal
Published: November 2023

There are growing concerns about the rising local costs to organize and host Summer Olympic Games. This has been expressed by local resistance and the abandonment of candidacies. In the face of the difficult context of COVID-19, economic and environmental crises, Paris 2024 is tasked with rebuilding a better Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) model – one with high global and local value and low direct local costs. Paris is a heritage-shaped city like London and will use this sporting and cultural heritage as a central element for the OPG model to become sustainable. This circular heritage model (use of an existing heritage) for the OPG reduces direct costs related to infrastructure and organization. However, this is also likely to reduce its local legacy. Comparing the models of Paris 2024 and London 2012 (whereby events are part of this creation of a new heritage), this paper considers each cities ambition for legacy as presented in various public documents. This in-perspective paper seeks to characterize the circular heritage OPG model of Paris 2024 and answer the question of: is its possible local legacy as important as for London 2012 using the convergent method?
From Black Magic to Black Flags: Social Uses and Symbolic Lexicons of Cycads in Vanuatu
Authors: Osiievskyi Yevhenii , Bonta Mark
Published: November 2023

The paper reviews nondietary uses and symbolic connotations of cycads ( Cycas seemannii) in Vanuatu, relying on data from ethnographic studies, anthropological literature, and local media reports. The authors focus on the uses of cycads in magical practices, in grade-taking ceremonies and traditional land tenure, in reconciliation and peace-making, in tabooing and emblematization of chiefly authority, and in the symbolism of political movements and state institutions. The article suggests two potential genealogies of cycad prominence in the archipelago, one stemming from the role of the plant as an emblem of pacificatory influence of graded societies and the other centered on the use of cycad leaves as tallies for recalling debts in traditional ni-Vanuatu culture.
Simulation Study of Pedestrians Evacuation Considering Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Mao Qinghua , Li Yang , Yu Rongfu
Published: November 2023

Conflict during an evacuation may turn into aggressive behavior and create problems for evacuation. To study the influence of attack behaviors such as pushing and shoving on evacuation and the evacuation law, an extended cellular automata model is developed in this paper. In the model, pedestrian movement is influenced by static, dynamic, and attack floor fields. In addition, pedestrian vision is influenced by the direction and location of movement of surrounding pedestrians, and pedestrians adopt different coping strategies for attacks: avoidance detour, or imitation. Attacker movement and aggressive behavior are also studied. Numerical simulations are conducted to discuss the pedestrian evacuation problem under attack behavior. The effects of the evacuation process, attack field sensitivity coefficient, location of fallen pedestrians, pedestrian density, number of initial attackers, initial attacker location, and pedestrian imitation ratio on evacuation time and number of fallen pedestrians are analyzed. The simulation results show that an appropriate increase in the impact of the attack field can slow down the congestion, that is, the evacuation time is the fastest at kA = 0.5. The evacuation time is faster when the room is full of normal pedestrians or full of attacking pedestrians. The number of casualty pairs is high when the initial position of the attacker is in the middle of the inner side of the room. The results of the study can provide recommendations and guidance for the formulation of evacuation strategies for pushing and shoving type attacks and reducing casualties.
Determinants of Performance in Professional Soccer Players at 2 and 5 Years After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Pinheiro Vítor Hugo , Borque Kyle A. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Jones Mary , Balendra Ganesh , Kent Madison R. , Ajgaonkar Ryan , Williams Andy
Published: November 2023

Background:

A number of studies have investigated return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in professional soccer players, but it is unclear which factors are associated with a return to the preinjury performance and ability to play over time.

Purpose:

To identify factors that contribute to a professional soccer player's return to preinjury performance after ACLR, as well as to report their playing performance at 2 and 5 years after ACLR compared with their preinjury performance.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A consecutive cohort of professional soccer players undergoing primary ACLR were analyzed between 2005 and 2019. A minimum 2-year follow-up was required. The effect of patient, surgical, and postoperative factors on performance rates, defined as a combination of league level and playing time, was evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results:

A total of 200 male professional soccer players were included. When combining league level and playing time, 30% of athletes returned to their preinjury performance at 2 years and 22% at 5 years. However, 53% of athletes returned to their preinjury performance for at least 1 season by year 5. At 2 years, a chondral lesion of grade 3 or 4 decreased the odds of return to preinjury performance (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; P = .010). Athletes receiving an ACLR with the addition of a lateral extra-articular tenodesis procedure were 2.42 times more likely to return to preinjury performance at 2 years than athletes with ACLR alone ( P = .004). By 5 years after ACLR, athletes aged ≥25 years at the time of reconstruction were 3 times less likely to be performing at their preinjury performance (OR, 0.32; P < .001), and those with a grade ≥3 chondral lesion were >2 times less likely to be performing at their preinjury performance (OR, 0.43; P = .033).

Conclusion:

The presence of >50% thickness chondral pathology, ACLR without lateral extra-articular tenodesis, and age >25 years at the time of surgery were all significant risk factors of worse performance rates after ACLR. Significant decreases in performance rates were noted at 2 and 5 years postoperatively.
The value of a three-microRNA panel in serum for prostate cancer screening
Authors: Lin Shengjie , Sun Chen , Li Rongkang , Lu Chong , Li Xinji , Wen Zhenyu , Ge Zhenjian , Chen Wenkang , Li Yingqi , Li Hang , Lai Yongqing
Published: November 2023

Background

Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may function as non-invasive and innovative biomarkers for various cancers. Our study aimed to determine potential miRNAs for prostate cancer screening.

Methods

A three-stage study was accomplished to ascertain crucial miRNAs as markers. In the screening stage, we searched PubMed for aberrantly expressed miRNAs relevant to prostate cancer and selected them as candidate miRNAs. In training and validation stages, with serum specimens from 112 prostate cancer patients and 112 healthy controls, expressions of candidate miRNAs were identified through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic capabilities of miRNAs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Bioinformatic analysis was utilized to explore the function of the critical miRNAs.

Results

Expression of six serum miRNAs (miR-34b-3p, miR-556-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-369-3p, miR-485-3p) were significantly altered in prostate cancer patients contrasted with healthy controls. The optimal combination of critical miRNAs is a three-miRNA panel (miR-34b-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-361-5p) with good diagnostic capability. FLRT2, KIAA1755, LDB3, and NTRK3 were identified as the potential genes targeted by the three-miRNA panel.

Conclusions

The three-miRNA panel may perform as an innovative and promising serum marker for prostate cancer screening.
Diatoms and water quality indices in Thamirabarani river help environmental impact assessment of stretch between Naranammalpuram and Punnakayal, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rajeshkanna A. , Venkatachalapathy R.
Published: November 2023

The present study reports the occurrence of diatom taxa, their distribution and ecology in Thamirabarani River between the study areas Naranammalpuram and Punnakayal, covering the districts of Tirunelveli and Thoothukudiin Tamil Nadu, India. The study employs diatoms collected from 10 different locations in the Thamirabarani River to monitor its quality. A total of 40 diatom taxa belonging to 20 genera were recorded in the study area. The dominant presence of diatom taxa, such as Aulacoseira ambigua, Cocconeis placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cymbella tropica, Discostella stelligera, Gyrosigma acuminatum, Navicula cryptonella, Nitzschia amphibia, Planothidium lanceolatum, Staurosirella pinnata, and the water quality index values (29–48) recorded at sites 1 to 7 indicate oligotrophic due to good flow of water. The abundant of diatom taxa, such as Diadesmis confervacea, Gomphonema parvulum, Nitzschia palea and Pinnularia gibba, were recorded at sites 8–10, and the water quality indices (100–110) indicate eutrophication attributable to less flow of water, high dispersion of cremation ashes (the casting ceremony) and anthropogenic activities. Particularly, locations around Punnakayal are most polluted due to the dumping of fish wastes as well as stagnant water.
Prevalence and Incidence Trends of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Youth Aged 1–24 Years in Ontario, Canada: A Validation Study of Health Administrative Data Algorithms: Tendances de la prévalence et de l’incidence du trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 1 à 24 ans, en Ontario, Canada: une étude de validation des algorithmes de données administratives de santé
Authors: Butt Debra A. , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Tu Karen
Published: November 2023

Objective

To estimate prevalence and incidence rates over time in children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the validation of population-based administrative data algorithms using family physicians’ electronic medical records as a reference standard.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada to identify attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and youth aged 1–24 years in health administrative data derived from case-finding algorithms using family physicians’ electronic medical records. Multiple administrative data algorithms identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder cases were developed and tested from physician-diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the electronic medical record to determine their diagnostic accuracy. We calculated algorithm performance using sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The most optimal algorithm was used to estimate prevalence and incidence rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder from 2014 to 2021 in Ontario.

Results

The optimal performing algorithm was “2 physician visits for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 1 year or 1 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-specific prescription” with sensitivity: 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8% to 84.5%), specificity: 98.6% (95% CI, 98.5% to 98.7%), positive predictive value: 78.6% (95% CI, 77.1% to 80.0%) and negative predictive value: 98.9% (95% CI, 98.8% to 99.0%). From 2014, prevalence rates for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased from 5.29 to 7.48 per 100 population in 2021 ( N = 281,785). Males had higher prevalence rates (7.49 to 9.59 per 100 population, 1.3-fold increase) than females (2.96–5.26 per 100 population, 1.8-fold increase) from 2014 to 2021. Incidence rates increased from 2014 (0.53 per 100 population) until 2018, decreased in 2020 then rose steeply in 2021 (0.89 per 100 population, N = 34,013). Males also had higher incidence rates than females from 2014 to 2020 with females surpassing males in 2021 (0.70–0.81 per 100 male population,1.2-fold increase versus 0.36–0.97 per 100 female population, 2.7-fold increase).

Conclusions

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is increasing in prevalence. We developed an administrative data algorithm that can reliably identify children and youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with good diagnostic accuracy.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for End-of-Life Professionals
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G.
Published: November 2023

In a recently published paper in this journal, Covington et al explored the potential advantages of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for healthcare staff burnout and associated problems. In the demanding and emotionally charged field of end-of-life (EOL) care, healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in supporting patients and their families during their most vulnerable moments. However, as a recent systematic review reveals, the empirical research on MBIs in the context of EOL care is still in its nascent stages. This correspondence contributes to the research gap on mental health and self-care of EOL for professionals.
UK and Australian University Students’ Perceptions of the Nature of Sexual Assault and Intervening Behavior
Authors: Labhardt Danielle , Brown Sarah , Holdsworth Emma , McKillop Nadine , Howat Douglas James , Jones Christian
Published: November 2023

Sexual assault is a global problem, with the risk highest among university students. Bystander intervention preventing sexual assaults has primarily been researched using quantitative methods to understand what factors influence it. However, both sexual assault and bystander intervention are complex with many subtle and overlapping issues that, when analyzed qualitatively, can offer new insights. The current study aimed to explore and develop a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of students’ perceptions of sexual assault and bystander intervention across two universities, one in the United Kingdom and one in Australia. Thirty-nine university students (19 in the United Kingdom; 20 in Australia) took part in one-to-one semistructured interviews. Using inductive thematic analysis, two overarching themes were identified: (a) navigating the complex dynamics of sexual assault; and (b) decisions to intervene or not to intervene. Findings suggest that the complexity and ambiguity around sexual assault can forestall bystander intervention. As such, increasing education, awareness, and discussions around sexual assault and bystander intervention is vital to increase awareness of the problem and mobilize action from bystanders to prevent sexual assault.
State Postsecondary Boards as Policy Influencers During the Early Stages of COVID-19
Authors: Rall Raquel M. , Morgan Demetri L. , Commodore Felecia , Collier Daniel A. , Fitzpatrick Dan
Published: November 2023

In an era where many states’ postsecondary education governance dynamics are evolving, we set out to understand whether state-level governing boards with centralized governance functions affected institutions’ decisions to engage in in-person instruction during the fall of 2020, the first fall of the Covid-19 pandemic. We examined sociopolitical features related to the strength of governance functions of centralized state boards. The data alluded to linkages between Republican control and lower bachelor’s degree attainment linking (β = −.45) with weaker centralized governance. We also found a negative effect from increased centralized governance functions (β = −.12) to in-person instruction at public 4-year institutions for fall 2020. This paper gives a real-time opportunity to see if the characteristics of governing boards influence return to campus.
Toward understanding the drilling performance of thermoplastic CF/PEEK and thermoset CF/epoxy composites using special drills
Authors: Du Yu , Yang Tao , Liu Chang , Liu Sinan
Published: November 2023

Thermoplastic carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherkrtone (CF/PEEK) and thermoset carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CF/epoxy) composites are being widely applied in aviation and aerospace fields for their excellent performance. To compare the drilling characteristics of two typical carbon fiber reinforced composites under varying feed speeds, drilling experiments were carried out using three different special drills involving twist, brad, and dagger drills. The drilling performance of CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK composites was analyzed in terms of chip morphology, drilling temperature, thrust force, delamination damage, and surface morphology. The results show that CF/PEEK composites produced continuous chips, so that CF/PEEK composites generated higher drilling temperature and thrust force than that of CF/epoxy composites. CF/epoxy composites showed larger delamination damage and poorer machined surface than CF/PEEK composite due to its poor interlaminar toughness. Burrs produced agglomeration and crimping at the hole edges of the CF/PEEK composites due to PEEK resin is softened by heat, matrix plastic deformation. Brad drill revealed fewer burrs and merely a tearing damage at the exit. Dagger drill showed more burrs. The hole wall damage is minimal for brad drill. The results provide guidance for drilling of high quality thermoset and thermoplastic composites.
Leading-edge flow prediction in Wells turbine under the influence of tip leakage flows
Authors: Geng Kaihe , Yang Ce , Yi Weilin , Zhao Ben , Hu Chenxing , Gao Jianbing , Li Yanzhao
Published: November 2023

Monitoring of aerodynamic parameters of the blade helps to enhance the operating capabilities of the Wells turbine. In this study, a few discrete pressure points were used to estimate the pressure patterns by fitting the exact potential-flow solution for flow over a parabola. The sectional aerodynamics was assessed by the leading-edge flow sensing (LEFS) algorithm. A characteristic parameter was employed to deduce leading-edge flow status. Moreover, the influence of rotor speeds and tip gaps on the vortex boundary was discussed in terms of the Lagrangian frame. For the rotor speed larger than 1000 rpm at the incipient stall point, there is no boundary layer separation at the suction side of the blade tip leading edge. At the same rotor speed, a large tip gap reduces the axial shear of the suction flows and the axial stretching of the tip leakage vortex, which helps to enhance the interaction time and strength of the leakage vortex and the suction flows. For the Wells turbine with attached flows, the LEFS algorithm can accurately evaluate the pressure distribution and suction parameters near the leading edge. The LEFS-derived dimensionless parameter can act as an equivalent angle of attack under different tip gaps, providing the possibility for stall warning of Wells turbines.
On the numerical assessment of engine exhaust plumes with a scaled cowling
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Arif , Teo Zhen Wei , New Tze How , Ng Bing Feng
Published: November 2023

The ability to predict the characteristics of engine exhaust is important to determining heat signatures on various components of the aircraft body. This is often obtained through numerical means such as RANS, which however relies closely on the choice of the turbulence model for accurate predictions. In this study, predictions of exhaust plumes from four turbulence models are compared against results from particle image velocimetry of a scaled helicopter engine exhaust. These models include the standard k − ϵ, realizable k − ϵ, shear-stress transport (SST) k − ω, and Durbin’s turbulence models. All four turbulence models managed to capture the general shape of the exhaust when analyzed through the velocity contours at two measurement windows. However, the comparisons of velocity contours fail to describe the shift of the predicted plume from the experiments, which is important for fuselage/tail impingement. To obtain further insights to the shifts, a visual correlation in the form of a confidence ellipse through principal component analysis (PCA) is introduced and plotted for the predicted plumes. All the models’ plume predictions showed quantifiable shifts in their mean-centers when compared to the measurements. In terms of matching the measurements’ statistical maximum variance of the plume distribution at the furthermost plane, it was found that the realizable k − ϵ performed the best among the models. On the other hand, the SST k − ω and Durbin’s model performed the best in predicting bivariate ( x and y coordinates) distribution of the plume at the furthermost plane.
Appropriate usage of post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket for HIV prevention by individuals with low-frequency exposures
Authors: Clifford Rashotte Matthew , Yoong Deborah , Naccarato Mark , Pico Espinosa Oscar J , Fisher Karla , Bogoch Isaac I , Tan Darrell HS
Published: November 2023

PEP-In-Pocket (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis-In-Pocket, or “PIP”) is a biobehavioural HIV prevention strategy wherein patients are proactively identified and given a prescription for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) medications to self-initiate in case of high-risk exposures. We evaluated this strategy in a prospective observational study at two hospital-based clinics in Toronto, Canada. HIV-negative adults using PIP underwent chart review and completed quarterly electronic questionnaires over 12 months. The primary objective was to quantify appropriate PIP initiation, defined as starting PIP within 72 h of a high-risk exposure. Secondary objectives were to quantify HIV seroconversions, changes in sexual risk behaviour, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with the PIP strategy. From 11/2017 to 02/2020, 43 participants enrolled and completed ≥1 questionnaire. PIP was self-initiated on 27 occasions by 15 participants, of which 24 uses (89%) were appropriate, 2 were unnecessary, and 1 was for an unknown exposure. Chart review identified no inappropriate non-use. Over 32 person-years of testing follow-up, we observed zero HIV seroconversions. Sexual risk declined modestly over follow-up, with a HIRI-MSM (HIV Incidence Risk Index for MSM) change of −0.39 (95% CI = −0.58, −0.21 per 3 months, p < .001). Sexual satisfaction was stable over time. At 12 months, 31 (72%) remained on PIP, 8 (19%) had transitioned to pre-exposure prophylaxis and 4 (9%) were lost-to-follow-up. Among participants who remained on PIP and completed questionnaires at 12 months, 24/25 (96%) strongly/somewhat agreed that PIP decreased their anxiety about contracting HIV and 25/25 (100%) strongly/somewhat agreed that they would recommend PIP to a friend. PIP is a feasible HIV prevention strategy in carefully selected individuals at modest HIV risk.
Factors Affecting the Role of IMC on LGBT Communities’ Intention to Recommend Technology Products
Authors: Singh Aayushi , Sarmah Roktim , Mehra Preeti
Published: November 2023

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) increases the efficacy and efficiency of marketing endeavours by consistently communicating with consumers via a variety of channels. In light of these black-box and complicated issues, this research proceeds with a unifying review of the IMC literature and tries to turn it in the direction of how the LGBT community has been portrayed in it and as an audience how they have been impacted. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyse the factors which play a major role in the potential customers of the LBGT community’s intention to recommend any technology products. We have developed eight hypotheses based on the UTAUT-extended model. The data were collected from 450 self-proclaimed LGBT community members from five major cities in India. The samples were collected using purposive and snowball techniques. The findings demonstrate that factors such as behavioural intention, user behaviour, consumer technology adoption, intention to recommend and IMC play a major role in motivating and influencing the community to adopt and recommend technology products.
Microfinance Research in India During 2001–2021: A Bibliometric Analysis with Its Social Impact Using Altmetrics
Authors: Das Arijit , Saha Annesha
Published: November 2023

Microfinance has a significant impact on the country’s development. It strives to support economically disadvantaged communities in achieving higher levels of wealth development and income security for both households and entire communities. It assists small loans to initiate micro-level business activities which fosters financial autonomy among them. It also ensures better society and growth of a nation. The objective of the study is to map the preceding research direction in the field of microfinance in India and offers guidance to writers and researchers entering the subject of microfinance in India by providing data on year-wise publications, citations pattern, authorship pattern, types of documents preferred by the researchers, preferred sources of communication and institutions mostly associated with microfinance-related literature in India. The study also covered the critical issues related to growth of microfinance in India. Major keywords used in the microfinance research and their association with other keywords, examines the preferred countries for collaboration by Indian authors in microfinance-related studies, and the social impact of top cited articles published during the study period.
Financial Distress and Value Premium using Altman Revised Z-score Model
Authors: Sharma Bhumiswor , Srikanth P  , Jeevananda S.
Published: November 2023

In the stock market, investors and value managers desire to be safe. Estimating equity returns and evaluating potential financial distress risk are essential for investment and trading decisions. The link between distress risk and stock return is controversial, and current literature yields contradicting results. A variety of models may be used to evaluate distress risk-return trade-offs. This paper employs a revised Altman Z-score to examine financial distress and value premiums. Using univariate and multivariate techniques, we examine firm- and industry-level portfolio returns, encompassing all Indian companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Results confirm the existence of the distress factor effect found in industry and firm-level portfolios. It shows that the distress risk factor significantly determines stock returns as an independent systematic risk factor. This result is consistently found in most industries. The study demonstrates the existence of a value premium in both distressed and safe zones. The study also used a multivariate GRS test and the Fama-Macbeth procedure to validate the reliability of the distress factor and pricing models. Results confirm that Altman model-based distress factor augmented models improve the performance of existing pricing models with higher reliability and accuracy.
Does Bankruptcy Reforms Enhance Firm Performances for Politically Connected Firms? Evidence from India
Authors: Ganguly Kousik , Mishra Ajay Kumar
Published: November 2023

Using a sample of 1,953 listed firms on the National Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2021, we investigate whether politically connected firms alter their cash holding patterns following the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) reforms introduced in 2016. We also examine the impact of changes in a firm’s cash holdings on its performance. Results show that politically connected firms reduced their cash holdings following the implementation of IBC in 2016, as new reforms better protected creditors through strict enforcement rights. We also find that politically connected firms with large amounts of cash perform poorly in the post-IBC period compared to their nonconnected peers. The results are robust after excluding the COVID-19 period and controlling for firm size, leverage, and business group affiliations.

JEL Codes: G32; G34; G38
India’s G20 Presidency: Implications for the Latin American Region in the Framework of the Global South
Authors: Rodríguez Georgina M. Pagola , Ranjan Rajiv , Torterolo Liber S. Di Paulo
Published: November 2023

The turbulent unipolar world order is on the descendant, paving the way for a more representative multipolar global order. One of the early signs of this trend was the emergence of the G20 as a forum seeking to shape and strengthen the international economic and world governance architecture. Since then, the G20 along with other multilateral forums like the BRICS has played a role in consolidating the identities and interests of its Global South member states. The article discusses the debate over using ‘Global South’ identity instead of ‘Third World’ image. It also provides insights into Latin American perspectives on India’s G20 Presidency and as a leader of the Global South, given the historical and contemporary strategic significance of New Delhi in the emerging multipolar world order. The article also reflects on how India engages and interacts with Latin America in light of China’s growing influence in the region.
Einleitung: Wie wir Arbeit besser machen
Authors: Gesualdi-Fecteau Dalia , Lévesque Christian , Murray Gregor , Roby Nicolas
Published: November 2023

Ausgehend von der Prämisse, dass bessere Arbeit zu besseren Gesellschaften führt, besteht die Aufgabe der Einleitung dieser Themenausgabe von Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research darin festzustellen, was Arbeit besser oder schlechter macht, und wie wir Arbeit verbessern können. Da eine Vielzahl von Versuchsanordnungen mitbestimmend für die zukünftige Ausgestaltung unserer Volkswirtschaften und Gemeinschaften ist, besteht eine wichtige Herausforderung darin, gemeinsam etwas über diese Prozesse zu lernen und auf diese Weise einen Dialog über den Wunsch nach besserer Arbeit und über die Rahmenbedingungen anzuregen, die eine Verbesserung von Arbeitsbedingungen eher erschweren oder eher unterstützen. Damit ist die Aufforderung verbunden, sich von zu eng gefassten Vorstellungen von Arbeitsplatzqualität zu verabschieden und stattdessen mit einer umfassenderen Perspektive danach zu fragen, wie die Akteure der Arbeitswelt strategisch und innovativ vorgehen und vorhandene Unsicherheiten zu einem Aspekt der Suche nach nachhaltigen Lösungen für eine bessere Arbeitswelt machen. Zu den Schlüsselthemen gehören die Fragen, warum Arbeit besser gemacht werden muss, stattdessen aber oft schlechter wird; warum bessere Arbeit zu besseren Gesellschaften führt; wie Arbeit besser gestaltet werden kann; welche Rolle bestimmte Institutionen bei der Verbesserung der Arbeitswelt übernehmen können; und schließlich die Frage, inwiefern Gewerkschaftsstrategien für experimentelle Prozesse zur Verbesserung von Arbeit essenziell sind.
Exploring Preservice Music Teachers’ Self-Reflections: A Comparison of Immediate and Video Reflections
Authors: Barclift Kim , MacLeod Rebecca B.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare preservice music teachers’ self-reflections about their teaching from two perspectives: immediate reflection and video reflection. Preservice music teachers’ reflections were analyzed, and 22 codes emerged. Our analysis of the preservice music teachers’ reflections found that the 22 codes aligned with self, task, and student impact concerns as outlined by Fuller and Bown (1975). Preservice music teacher reflections focused primarily on task concerns (1,137), followed by self-concerns (441) and student impact concerns (343). A significant difference was found between immediate and video reflections for self-concerns ( W = −98 p = .02) but not for task or student impact concerns. Self-concerns about musical leadership, teacher talk, and teacher delivery were mostly noted following video reflections, while concerns of student engagement, student success, teaching strategies, student assessment, and feedback were referenced immediately following their lesson.
An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 Among Veterans
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Crowe Michael L. , Weathers Frank W. , Bovin Michelle J. , Ellickson Stephanie , Sloan Denise M. , Schnurr Paula , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P.
Published: November 2023

We used item response theory (IRT) analysis to examine Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) item performance using data from three large samples of veterans (total N = 808) using both binary and ordinal rating methods. Relative to binary ratings, ordinal ratings provided good coverage from well below to well above average within each symptom cluster. However, coverage varied by cluster, and item difficulties were unevenly distributed within each cluster, with numerous instances of redundancy. For both binary and ordinal scores, flashbacks, dissociative amnesia, and self-destructive behavior items showed a pattern of high difficulty but relatively poor discrimination. Results indicate that CAPS-5 ordinal ratings provide good severity coverage and that most items accurately differentiated between participants by severity. Observed uneven distribution and redundancy in item difficulty suggest there is opportunity to create an abbreviated version of the CAPS-5 for determining PTSD symptom severity, but not DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis, without sacrificing precision.
Pose-dependent natural frequency prediction for milling robot—A variable joint stiffness model
Authors: Wang Qilong , Wang Wei , Li Bo , Zheng Lianyu
Published: November 2023

Low prediction accuracy of natural frequencies of a milling robot is one major obstacle to the avoidance of chatter vibration in low-speed robotic milling. For enhanced accuracy in predicting the natural frequency of mixed robot, a variable stiffness model is proposed featuring the dependency of joint stiffness on the joint variables, rather than the constant joint stiffness in the traditional assumption. By integrating the variable joint stiffness model into a mode-reduced 4DOF model modified for the present study, the new method for predicting the robot natural frequency is then built, analyzed, and verified through simulation and modal tests by both a 3-axis accelerometer and a laser vibrometer on the milling robot under different robot configurations. Comparison of the experimental values from the modal tests against the natural frequencies predicted by the proposed model reveals a predicting error of less than 10%, hence enhanced accuracy of the proposed variable joint stiffness model in a large operational space. Based on the model, milling parameters without structural vibration has been selected, and the quality of the robot milling for titanium alloy has been improved.
Is prevention of ADHD and comorbid conditions in adolescents possible?
Authors: Vitiello Benedetto , Davico Chiara , Döpfner Manfred
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

To examine how the concept of prevention is applicable to adolescent ADHD, which preventive interventions may be feasible, and which methods can be used to evaluate effectiveness.

Method:

Following a literature search for prevention clinical trials relevant to adolescent ADHD, selected studies are critically reviewed to identify suitable targets and promising interventions.

Results:

There is some evidence from controlled studies that interventions delivered to prepubertal children at high risk for ADHD or diagnosed with ADHD may decrease the incidence or persistence of ADHD in adolescence. Uncontrolled follow-up of clinical samples and population studies suggest that treatment of adolescents with ADHD can decrease the risk for several negative functional outcomes in youth. A controlled trial found a specific cognitive training intervention to decrease risky driving.

Conclusions:

Prevention of ADHD and associated negative outcomes is possible and of high clinical relevance. Assessing prevention effects is methodologically challenging, but feasible.
Autologous anterior lens capsule flap and serum transplant in managing idiopathic and refractory full-thickness macular holes
Authors: Motta Lorenzo , Ripa Matteo , De Rosa Carlo , De Rosa Pasquale , Goh Li Yen , McHugh Dominic
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To report the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling alongside phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with autologous anterior lens capsule flap (ALCF) and autologous serum transplantation (AST) into full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) and 14% perfluoropropane (C3F8) tamponade for idiopathic and refractory FTMHs.

Methods

Retrospective study involving eleven patients with idiopathic FMTHs and seven with refractory FMTHs after standard surgery with PPV, ILM peeling, and gas tamponade. All eyes underwent a ‘combination procedure’ of PPV with ILM peeling alongside phacoemulsification and IOL implantation with autologous ALCF and AST into the FTMH and 14% C3F8 tamponade. A face-down position for one week was recommended.

Results

The mean preoperative FMTH size was 558.95 ± 186.30 µm. Seven patients aged 64 ± 5 years had a refractory FMTH and eleven patients with a mean age of 63.72 ± 4.97 years had an idiopathic FMTH. The main BCVA improvement six months postoperatively was 0.3 ± 0.29 logMAR. Seventeen macular holes fully closed six months postoperatively, with one FTMH closure failure because of a retinal detachment.

Conclusions

ALCF transplantation alongside AST may help to improve the closure rate and visual outcomes in both idiopathic and refractory FMTHs.
The Chronic Cholera Situation in Africa: Why Are African Countries Unable to Tame the Well-Known Lion?
Authors: Olu Olushayo Oluseun , Usman Abdulmumini , Ameda Ida Marie , Ejiofor Nonso , Mantchombe Freddie , Chamla Dick , Nabyonga-Orem Juliet
Published: November 2023

Seven years to the Global Taskforce on Cholera Control’s target of reducing cholera cases and deaths by 90% by 2030, Africa continues to experience a high incidence of the disease. In the last 20 years, more than 2.6 million cases and 60 000 deaths of the disease have been recorded, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Case Fatality Ratio remains consistently above the WHO-recommended 1% with a yearly average of 2.2%. Between 1 January 2022 and 16 July 2023, fourteen African countries reported 213 443 cases and 3951 deaths (CFR, 1.9%) of the disease. In this perspective article, based on available literature and the authors’ field experiences in Africa, we discuss the underlying reasons for the sustained transmission of the disease. We posit that in addition to the well-known risk factors for the disease, the chronic cholera situation in Africa is due to the poor socioeconomic development status, weak household and community resilience, low literacy levels, weak capacity of African countries to implement the 2005 International Health Regulation and the pervasively weak health system on the continent. Stemming this tide requires good leadership, partnership, political commitment, and equity in access to health services, water, and sanitation. Therefore, we recommend that African governments and stakeholders recognize and approach cholera prevention and control from the long-term development lens and leverage the current cholera emergency preparedness and response efforts on the continent to strengthen the affected countries’ health, water, and sanitation systems. We call on international organizations such as WHO and the Africa Centres for Diseases Control to support African governments in scaling up research and innovations aimed at better characterizing the epidemiology of cholera and developing evidence-based, context-specific, and innovative strategies for its prevention and control. These recommendations require long-term multisectoral and multidisciplinary approaches.
Effect of bearing shell deformation and ER fluid behavior on two-lobed slot-entry hybrid journal bearing
Authors: Sahu Krishnkant , Sharma Satish C. , Tomar Adesh Kumar
Published: November 2023

The present article deals with the effects of deformable bearing shells on the performance of lobed slot-entry hybrid journal bearing systems. The influence of the deformation coefficient [Formula: see text] has been studied using the thin liner elasticity model, which measures the flexibility of the bearing liner. Recently, smart fluid, that is, electrorheological (ER) fluid has been used in various tribological systems to obtain better performance. Therefore, the influence of ER lubricant on the bearing performance characteristics has also been studied in this work. Bingham model constitutive relation has been used to analyze the non-Newtonian behavior of ER fluid. The performance of fluid film bearings is greatly influenced by the noncircularity of the bearings. Therefore, the behavior of deformable bearing shells in a slot-entry journal bearing for lobed conditions has also been studied in the present study. The results reveal that considering deformation in the bearing shell reduces the value of frictional torque, whereas the value of stiffness coefficients and stability threshold speed increases. However, ER lubricant enhances the value of film thickness, stiffness/damping coefficients, and stability threshold speed margin.
“Camping” or abortion? Polyvarience and coded language on social media
Authors: Fredenburg Jill
Published: November 2023

In the context of hashtag activism and hashtag feminism, this article examines the use of “camping” as a code for abortion on Twitter following the 2022 Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe v. Wade. Utilizing a critical discourse analysis approach, the analysis assesses the discursive practices of using “camping” as a symbol while considering the affordances and limitations of social media spaces in conveying messages that influence social and political life, such as abortion access advocacy online. The findings revealed the discursive practices created by the “camping” code and the impact of other users’ concerns around this iteration of hashtag activism that resulted in the following four themes: adoption, disidentification, rejection or caution, and redirection toward advocacy. This study presents the affordances of constitutive effects online and the limitations of using symbols within social media spaces to claim oneself as a “safe” person to trust in lieu of existing activist networks.
The relationship between entrepreneurial intention and behavior: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Tsou Ean , Steel Piers , Osiyevskyy Oleksiy
Published: November 2023

A vibrant literature studying antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions is largely motivated by an often implicit assumption that they will be followed by subsequent entrepreneurial behaviors or actions. A much smaller number of studies actually test this assumption. Their results suggest that while the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship is usually present, its strength turns out highly contextual. This meta-analysis intends to integrate and summarize the available research base on the entrepreneurial intention–behavior relationship, assessing the moderating impacts of environmental, demographic and methodological factors. Data from 75 studies (150,703 individuals) were included in the analysis. Our results indicate that the focal relationship is robust across environmental contexts, populations, and methodologies except for the measures used for entrepreneurial behavior, the use of a database compared to collecting new data, and the duration of time between intention and behavior. Additionally, entrepreneurial intentions were found to account for only 17% of the variance in entrepreneurial behaviors as opposed to the commonly expected and cited 37%. Our findings suggest theoretical and methodological considerations for future work aimed at exploring and overcoming the non-trivial intention–behavior gap and we encourage the discovery of cognitive and behavioral factors reinforcing the intention–action translation at different levels of analysis and over time.
We are all pattern makers! How a flat ontology connects organizational routines and grand challenges
Authors: Sele Kathrin , Mahringer Christian A , Danner-Schröder Anja , Grisold Thomas , Renzl Birgit
Published: November 2023

Adopting a flat ontology, we discuss how phenomena of societal concern are connected to organizational routines. We conceptualize grand challenges as large patterns of actions to overcome the micro-macro divide prevalent in existing research. We introduce spatial, temporal, and agentic relations as three interrelated aspects of scale that are of particular interest and demonstrate how social phenomena may be approached through these relations. Focusing on the situated enactment of routines allows us to identify weakening and strengthening between actors and their actions as important processes that reflect the continuous patterning of grand challenges. We contribute to the literature by highlighting the consequentiality of mundane actions and by questioning the dominant approach to change in research on grand challenges. Our insights offer several practical implications for intervening on grand challenges.
Topical Traditional Chinese Medicines for Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Yihong , May Brian H. , Hyde Anna J. , He Yihan , Guo Xinfeng , Zhang Anthony Lin , Lu Chuanjian , Xue Charlie Changli , Zhang Haibo
Published: November 2023

Background and objectives:

Safe and effective management of cancer-related pain is a worldwide challenge. In the search for treatment options, natural products used in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have received attention in clinical studies for their effects on cancer-related pain. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical evidence for topically applied CHMs as adjunctive treatments for cancer pain management.

Methods:

Nine biomedical databases and 4 clinical trial registries were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that reported measures of pain and/or quality of life. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis employed mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (random effects).

Results:

Twenty (20) RCTs (1636 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were grouped based on the comparisons and outcome measures. For pain intensity, there was a greater reduction in the topical CHM group versus placebo (MD −0.72 [−1.04, −0.40]), no difference when compared to tramadol (MD −0.15 [−0.38, 0.08]), and a greater reduction when topical CHMs were combined with conventional analgesic medications (MD −0.67 [−0.93, −0.40]). Analgesic onset time was reduced in the CHM group compared to tramadol (MD −26.02 [−27.57, −24.47] minutes), and for CHMs combined with conventional medications (MD −19.17 [−21.83, −16.52] minutes). When CHMs were combined with analgesic medications, improvements were found for duration of analgesia (MD 1.65 [0.78, 2.51] hours), analgesic maintenance dose (MD −31.72 [−50.43, −13.01] milligrams/day), and quality of life.

Conclusion:

Addition of topical CHMs to conventional analgesic medications was associated with improved outcomes for pain intensity, some other pain-related outcomes, and measures of quality of life. Limitations included methodological issues in some studies and considerable heterogeneity in some pooled results.