bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Widows’ Plight in Binwell Sinyangwe’s A Cowrie of Hope and Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days
Authors: Moussa SIDI CHABI
Published: May 2020

The present article aims at making a comparative study of widows’ plight in Binwell Sinyangwe’s A Cowrie of Hope and Bayo Adebowale’s Lonely Days. The plight of African widows is deplorable in African societies where the weight of customs and traditions makes them suffer a lot. In those societies, the maltreatment that men inflict on them is usually inhumane. People even suspect them of being at the origin of their husbands’ death in most cases. Such a situation calls for reflection as it has become a societal problem which deserves a particular attention. Hence the necessity to carry out this research work in order to pinpoint the ins and outs of such a phenomenon through a comparative study of widows’ plight in the selected novels. The methodological approach that I have used in this research work is documentary research. The study has found that the two widows have a similar plight as courageous and resilient women although their situations are not exactly the same in some aspects. The literary theories that I have applied to the study are feminism, a literary theory which aims at revaluing women’s image, and the Marxist critical approach which focusses on class struggle.
How Comfortable Are You Really?
Authors: Kohler Patricia , Slaton Chayla , Wingfield Rachel , Barnes Candice , Ward Ashley
Published: May 2020

In an increasingly diverse school population, teachers find themselves facing students whose ethnicities, cultures, experiences, and religions are vastly different from their own. While this is a fantastic opportunity to develop a unique learning community, it is also challenging for teachers who may or may not have adequate training to meet the needs of all students. Using a survey designed to determine how comfortable an individual is in a variety of situations characterized by diversity, pre-service education candidates from the Elementary K-6 and Special Education K-12 degree programs from a mid-sized university in Arkansas were given a questionnaire on their comfortability with different diversity characteristics. The semester in which participants engaged in this survey included field placement. Results from the questionnaire indicated that the lowest average comfortability rating was for the HIV category, and the highest average comfortability rating was for the disability category. Qualitative information suggests that pre-service teachers perceive that they are "comfortable" with different groups of people, although previous research cautions against this comfortability. The authors suggest that teacher education programs, professional development, and staff in-service training on diversity topics should consider several practices designed to bolster how teacher candidates prepare to work with diverse populations of students.

Keywords: teacher candidates, diversity, perceptions, comfortability
College EFL teachers’ beliefs in making requests
Authors: Chen Chiung-chiuen
Published: May 2020

This study examined college EFL teachers’ beliefs in their making requests in the classrooms. In this study, the methods for data-collection included a questionnaire, classroom observation, and an in-depth interview. A pre-observation questionnaire was administrated for collecting the information on teacher belief in the use of request types, and why and when teachers made these requests. Five EFL teachers and one of their respective English classes at university in Taiwan were invited to participate in the present study. Over a 4-week period, a total of 40 sessions of teaching, 50 minutes each, were observed, video-taped, and audio-taped. Afterwards, an interview was conducted. The data collected were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Findings showed that all teachers reported their uses of both direct and indirect requests. Also, all teachers made their requests for some specific reasons and at some specific point of time. It is suggested that teachers be aware of their uses of requests. Teachers’ awareness of their uses of different types of requests may help promote teacher-student interaction.
Geneza i rozwój subkultury hipisów w Stanach Zjednoczonych (wybrane konteksty)
Authors: Mrozek Justyna
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to present the socio-cultural context of the development of the hippie subculture. The author definesthe term ‘subculture’, describes the ideology and the lifestyle of hippies and presents a typology of its members. The text shows that the hippie movement was the fruit of its time but was also related to the social phenomena from the past and continues to be an inspiration for the present.
Theory and Practice of Political Socialization in Childhood – Democracy vs. Neoliberalism
Authors: Hildebrandt-Wypych Dobrochna
Published: May 2020

The text focuses on the efficiencyof school as one of the key agents of political socialization of early childhood students. Using the conceptual framework of J. Astuto and M.D. Ruck, a question is posed of how to effectively develop prosocial skills of children and therefore how to shape their later willingness to engage in civic actions in youth. According to various scholars, prosocial skills, such as respect for others’ feelings, helping, sharing and cooperating with others, have to be nurtured through classroom-based play. Unfortunately, in the age of neoliberal dominance of standardized tests, civic education is deemed less important, with an excessive focus on civic knowledge and the insufficien (not testable) focus on civic skills. In reference to research results (e.g. C. Flanagan and L.S. Gallay), the author of the article points out that democratic competence does not simply emerge as a result of top-down transmission of knowledge. The process of normative (moral) development in childhood knowledge of political facts is significantlyless important than the child’s social experience of civic participation and cooperation. Contrary to the neoliberal tendencies in educational reforms, democracy-learning – as pointed out by numerous studies – should be based on the development of a ‘democratic self’ (values, patterns of behavior, habits), prior to the development of political knowledge. Knowledge should be treated as a second important element of school political socialization of children. The primary focus should be the school’s commitment to the development of children’s democratic attitudes.
The Effect of Attachment Styles on the Development of Eating Disorders Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Abdo Areej
Published: May 2020

This article seeks to examine the relationship between attachment styles in childhood and the development of eating disorders later in life. The assumption underlying the article is, the development of the social structure places considerable emphasis on eating as a way of socialization and a comfortable experience. A review of the research literature on the field documents a positive relationship between eating disorders, health problems and difficulties in family and interpersonal relationships.1 Therefore, it can be said that the assumption that the relationship between the attachment style of parents and children and eating is justified, since personal coping habits, especially attachment styles, are expressed to a certain extent in the specific eating behavior of the individual.
Sprawozdanie z II Ogólnopolskiej Interdyscyplinarnej Konferencji Naukowej „Diagnoza i jej zastosowanie w kontekście jednostkowym i społecznym”, Poznań, 24 maja 2017 roku
Authors: Śmietańska Justyna
Published: May 2020

.
Sprawozdanie z Seminarium „Edukacja – Jednostka – Społeczeństwo”, Poznań, 5 października 2017 roku
Authors: Andraszczyk Wojciech
Published: May 2020

.
Edukacja jako nośnik doświadczenia pedagogicznego w kontekście kreacji podmiotu pedagogicznego. Próba ustanowienia postpedagogiki
Authors: Dembiński Mariusz
Published: May 2020

In this article, I want to propose post-pedagogy – a knowledge which is independent of social science. For this purpose, I use the content of pedagogy to create a sense of pedagogical experience and to definethe model of the pedagogical subject. Creation should be carried out using the principles of thinking and pedagogical activities, transforming information about the education system in educational activities, which comprise upbringing and training.
Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Henry Brandon M. , Bovo Chiara , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian
Published: May 2020

As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical (“social”) distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already been proven effective to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in some countries. Nevertheless, a prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people’s health and thus must be recognized and mitigated in a way without violating local ordinances. Some of the most important undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay such as physical inactivity, weight gain, behavioral addiction disorders, insufficient sunlight exposure and social isolation will be critically addressed in this article, which also aims to provide some tentative recommendations for the alleviation of side effects.
Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology
Authors: Iqbal Dure Najaf , Nazir Arif , Iqbal Munawar , Yameen Muhammad
Published: May 2020

This study focusses on the synthesis of carboxymethyl guar gum (CMG) via monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions were also optimized during the course of experiment. Guar derivative with variable degree of substitution (DS) were prepared and were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The DS was determined quantitatively by titration method for each derivative. The synthesized guar gum derivatives, being the natural thickners, have been used in textile printing technology. Substituted guar gum has been proved environmental friendly thickener as compared to synthetic thickeners. Penetration properties, fixation ability, colour fastness, levelness and fabric handling was compared with alginate thickener (commercially available). Guar gum thickeners showed enhanced properties versus alginate thickener and can be used as an alternative to synthetic thickeners in view of its green, non-hazardous and economical derivatives. Guar gum is the outstanding natural thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent and could possibly be used in various industrial units including food, cosmetic, textile, oil fracturing and mining.
Heritability Analysis of Local Corn Cultivars from Kisar Island Southwest Maluku After Induced with Colchicine
Authors: Sinay Hermalina , Tanrobak Jonetha
Published: May 2020

In the plant breeding program, selection is one process which aimed to obtain some varieties with superior traits. Within this process, one of criteria that must be consider is the wide genetic diversity of the plant which was selected, and how these traits are inherited. The purpose of this research was to determine (1) the influence of cultivar differences and the colchicine concentration towards the growth and production of local corn cultivar from Kisar Island Maluku, (2) to determine the heritability of growth and production variables after induced with colchicine. Completely randomized block design  was used in this research with factorial design that consist of two factors i.e corn cultivar and colchicine concentration. The research procedure starts from field and seed preparation, immersion of seed into the colchicine solution, transplantation of seed into the field, plant maintenance, and  harvesting. The variable measured including growth and production variables of corn. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of cultivar differences on all growth and production variables (p value > 0.05), while colchicine concentration only showed a significant effect toward the plant height and number of seed per ear.  The heritability analysis result showed that all variables observed were in high category. The different corn cultivars have a significant effect on all the growth and production, while the colchicine concentration only affect the plant height and number of seed per ear, and the heritability were in high category.  This research provides useful information to farmers how to use colchicine to trigger plant growth and production. It can be used as an information in selecting corn cultivars with high yield potential.
Application of Rice Root Endophytic Bacteria in Ciherang Variety Rice (Oryza sativa) Seeds
Authors: Fitri Lenni , Ismail Yulia Sari , Putriani Putriani , Warzatullisna Warzatullisna
Published: May 2020

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that thrive in plant tissue without causing any negative effects to the host plants. The purpose of this study was to apply endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA hormones as biological agents in rice seeds. This research was conducted by testing IAA hormone using a spectrophotometer, testing HCN production using filter paper, biochemically identification of the isolate, and applicating endophytic bacteria into rice seeds. Endophytic bacteria have different abilities in producing IAA hormone. Based on the results of the study, the highest IAA concentration (57 ppm) was obtained from KSB1 (Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria) isolates and followed by KSB3 isolate with 56 ppm. All the endophytic bacteria isolates were unable to produce HCN. Results of the study showed that KSB1 and KSB3 isolate were able to influence the growth of root length by 5.62 cm and 6.70 respectively as well as the canopy height by 8.56 cm and 8.30 cm respectively. Based on observations of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical tests, KSB1 was presumably belong to the genus Staphylococcus. In this study, new information about endophytic bacteria that can increase the growth of Ciherang variety rice can be obtained. This study provides information that the application of environmentally friendly bacteria is important to preserve the environment and agriculture sustainability in Indonesia without reducing the productivity of rice.
Production of Conidia by Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Pathogenicity Against Coptotermes sp.
Authors: Zulfiana Deni , Zulfitri Apriwi , Lestari Anis Sri , Krishanti Ni Putu Ratna Ayu , Meisyara Dita
Published: May 2020

Entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to infect most arthropods including termites which are economically important major insects pest of wood, wood products and building structures. However, the application of this fungus in the field has not shown satisfactory results yet, one of which is constrained in mass production of conidia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 16 types of biodegradable products and waste as substrates for mass production of conidia using solid state fermentation method and two types of inoculum namely solid and liquid inoculum. Toxicity tests were carried out on subterranean termites (Coptotermes sp.) based on JIS K 1571, 2010. The parameters observed were the number and dry weight of the conidia produced, conidial viability, nutrient content of the substrate, and percentage of termite mortality. The results showed that rice, sorghum and corn were the best media for the growth of entomopathogenic fungi based on the number of conidia and dry weight of the conidia produced. Metarhizium sp. T4.B23 produced the highest number of conidia, 1.12 x 1011 conidia/100 g substrate and yielded 180.9 ± 0.623 g dry conidia/kg of rice; followed by Metarhizium sp. B2.2 grown on sorghum that resulted in 1.11 x 1010 conidia/100 g substrates and 8 ± 0.570 g /kg sorghum; and B. bassiana produced 8.3 x 109 conidia/100 g substrate and 31.24 ± 0.407 gr/ kg sorghum. Metarhizium sp. B2.2 showed the highest toxicity to termites with 100% mortality was observed within the second day of testing. Therefore the conidia of Metahizium sp. B2.2 is potential to be developed as a biopesticide using rice or sorghum substrate as a carrier.
Potentials of Carbon Stored in Plant Biomass at Little Farmers Grassland Cisarua, West Bandung Regency
Authors: Malik Annas Dwitri , Zso Zsa Dewa Komang Yoga , Parikesit Parikesit , Withaningsih Susanti , Wingit Ratna
Published: May 2020

Alternatives of vegetations to store carbon need to be encouraged considering that forests are threatened by widespread destructions. One such vegetation is grasslands which have the potential for carbon storage and to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. At present, many enterprises have designed grasslands for animal feed. Grassland at Little Farmers, Cisarua, West Bandung was established for many purposes, i.e. recreation, education, and animal feed. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of carbon stock in grassland vegetation at this location. Based on RaCSA method, the tree biomass was determined by nondestructive collection of density and basal area of trees, then calculated by an allometric equation. The ground cover biomass was determined by destructive collection of grass and roots. Total measured biomass was multiplied by 46% to obtain carbon storage. Based on the results, the potential of carbon stock in Little Farmers grassland is 6,506.23 kg/m2 with the potential for carbon storage below the ground (0.129 kg / m2) was slightly higher than the carbon stored above the ground  (0.101 kg / m2). Carbon stored in ground cover had been proven to be lower than woody plants (6,506 kg / m2). This study has pioneered in finding the carbon stocks potential of a man-made grassland, so it provides basis of an alternative land use that can be encouraged for carbon sequestration. For many enterprises, this study will aid in the conduct and management planning of grasslands with regards to ecosystem services preservation, such as carbon sequestration.
Influence of Problem Based Learning Model on Student Mental Models
Authors: Batlolona J. R. , Singerin S. , Diantoro M.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of mental models (MM) of students as well as to analyze the differences in MM based on the learning model used. This research is expected to be a guide for teachers in exploring the concept of physics as a whole. The study was conducted at the high school level with a medium level school category. The research method used mixed methods embedded experimental models with surface level, matching and deep (SMD) diagnostic test instruments. The results of the study showed that there were an increase on students’ MM at each meeting in the SMD level. Other results show that there are differences in the mean scores corrected between levels of the learning model. The mean score corrected PBL mental model is significantly different from conventional. The increase in MM students with PBL was higher than the increase in MM students with conventional learning. Thus, PBL can be recommended to increase MM students' physics of high school students.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Skills to Express The Algorithms Used in Solving Physics Problems with Flowcharts (An Example From Turkey)
Authors: Kurt H. S. , Doğan Z.
Published: May 2020

Due to the nature of physics, problem-solving strategies are applied in some cases to teach many subjects. Problem-solving is a process that individuals use, not only in physics classes but also in every stage of life. An algorithm is a pathway to solving a problem or achieving a specific purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify how pre-service science teachers express the algorithms they utilize in the process of solving physics problems. The research design of the study was determined as survey design which is one of the quantitative research methods. The study was carried out with the number of 34 pre-service science teachers consisting of 1st and 3rd-year university students who took General Physics I and General Physics Lab I courses in the undergraduate program in science education at a state university. They were given three problems regarding classical mechanics and then asked to solve these problems and schematize their algorithms by using flowcharts. The International System of Units (SI) was used throughout the research. An evaluation was made by comparing the 3 algorithms of the solution, whose reliability and validity was ensured, and which was previously created with the help of 3 experts. In the study, descriptive survey model was used. Frequency tables were frequently used in the analysis of the data with the intent to present the study in the best way by doing an in-depth analysis. In the findings of the research, it was observed that pre-service science teachers had problems in expressing their algorithms and some of them could not express these algorithms at all. It was also observed that pre-service science teachers had difficulty describing the solutions they created while setting up the problem. However, it was observed that preservice science teachers who could illustrate their algorithms well were usually the ones who solved the problems correctly.
Dialogue Translation Shift Analysis in Karyamin’s Smile by Ahmad Tohari
Authors: Saputra Kirana Septiani Wanodya , Darta Deta Maria Sri
Published: May 2020

A dialogue carries feelings and thoughts of a character in a story. It might also convey emotional expressions. In the translating process, emotional expression, one of many factors which needs to be considered, is regarded as expressive meaning. Thus, in translating dialogues, it is necessary to preserve the emotional expression of the source language. As translation process involves two different languages, there could be changes occurred from ST to TT. Therefore, this study aims to use translation shift to seek the changes in dialogue translation in some short stories in Karyamin’s Smile. This research is a qualitative-descriptive analysis as it proposes to identify the types of shift used in dialogue translation and analyze the equivalence to the ST. The dialogues that have been categorized were examined the equivalence using a translation assessment rubric proposed by Khanmohammad and Osanloo (2009). The result shows that each type of shift used more or less affects the equivalence of dialogue translation. The types of shift that are mostly appeared are structure shift and unit shift. Those types produce some patterns. The patterns found in structure shift are passive to active forms, affirmative to interrogative sentence, affirmative to imperative sentence. In unit shift, the patterns found are word to phrase, phrase to sentence, and word to sentence. In sum, structure shift can create more significant changes compared to unit shift as the patterns found mostly result in the changing intention of dialogues.
The Implementation of Reflective Pedagogy in Advanced Critical Reading and Writing Class
Authors: Suminto Elisabeth Avryanne , Ena Ouda Teda
Published: May 2020

Reflective pedagogy is a method dealing with a teaching methodology which is done based on a certain spiritualilty. It is important to study the implementation of reflective pedagogy because it helps the students to excel as fully human persons who own competence, compassion, and conscience. This study observes the implementation of reflective pedagogy in Advanced Reading and Writing Class. This research aims to find out the perceptions of the students on the process and the effects of the implementation. The writers employed survey to collect the data. The findings revealed that in general, the students had positive perceptions on the process and the effects of implementing Reflective pedagogy in Advanced Critical Reading and Writing class. The implementation of reflective pedagogy had been successful in developing students’ competence, conscience, and compassion. However, based on the interview, students’ conscience was developed to a limited extent.
Comparative Examination of the Therapeutic Deficiency of Oral Metronidazole Plus Prangos ferulacea Vaginal Cream Versus Oral Metronidazole Plus Placebo Vaginal Cream in Accelerating Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Recovery: A Triple-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Azadpour Motlagh Asieh , Dolatian Mahrokh , Mojab Faraz , Nasiri Malihe , Ezatpour Behrouz , Sharifi Nasibeh , Feizollahi Narjes , Mahmoodi Zohreh
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Trichomonas infection is prevalent in the United States and a metronidazole oral tablet is the medication of choice for treating this infection. Based on various side-effects of oral or vaginal metronidazole and the increase in microbial resistance against chemical antibiotics, the use of herbal medicine with fewer side-effects seems to be essential. Laboratory experiments indicate the strong anti-microbial effects of Prangos ferulacea (PF) medicinal herb. However, no clinical trial has focused on its anti-microbial effects in humans. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of PF vaginal cream on accelerating Trichomonas vaginalis infection (TVI) recovery. Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 non-pregnant women visiting the healthcare centers affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2018. Trichomonas infection was diagnosed based on patient complaints, clinical observations, as well as wet mount and stained microscopic tests. The women were randomly divided into two groups of 40 each. One group received oral metronidazole plus PF vaginal cream while the other received oral metronidazole plus placebo vaginal cream for 7 days. Clinical observations, along with wet mount and stained microscopic tests were performed during 7 days following the treatment. Finally, data were analyzed using independent-samples t test, as well as chi-square, Fisher exact, Mann-Whitney U, and McNemar tests at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: Based on the results, the response to treatment with oral metronidazole plus PF vaginal cream was 92.50 based on patient complaints. More precisely, 86.25% was based on clinical criteria (i.e., strawberry cervix, foamy greenish-yellow vaginal discharge, pH ≥4.5, and positive amine test) and 85% was related to the microscopic criteria of wet mount (x40) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (x100). In addition, the response to treatment with oral metronidazole and placebo vaginal cream was 91.25%, 83.12%, and 80% based on the patient complaint, clinical criteria, and microscopic criteria, respectively. Eventually, the analysis of the patient complaint, clinical criteria, and microscopic criteria in each group revealed a significant difference before and after the treatment (P<0.001) Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the PF herbal vaginal cream can be used for the treatment of TVI as an effective treatment along with oral metronidazole.
Anesthesia Management of Electroconvulsive Therapy at the Late of Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Moosavi Rineh Heshmatolah , Khoshrang Hossein , Emir Alavi Cyrus , Rimaz Siamak , Biazar Gelareh , Shahrokhi Rad Reyhaneh , Khosousi Sani Mahsa
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Major maternal depression is well known as a morbid and common disorder with a prevalence of 12% in the third trimester of pregnancy. Psychotropic medications might not be quite safe in these cases. In addition, pharmacological resistance and any life-threatening conditions can appear with the acute need for an instant therapeutic response. In these cases, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) might be the only effective option. However, both clinicians and patients often feel hesitant to utilize ECT throughout pregnancy due to the lack of reliable literature. Case Presentation: The challenging case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman at the 37 weeks of gestation was presented with major depression, who achieved full symptomatic remission after ECT. The critical status of this case was well managed by ECT treatment. Through the follow-ups, it was found that she is under medical therapy and has a normal life now. She is taking care of her baby and her symptoms are controlled as well. Conclusions: Overall, ECT could be a safe and effective treatment at late pregnancy. Obviously, a multidisciplinary team approach is crucial for achieving the desired goals.
Effect of Pulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Adult Heart Surgery
Authors: Kadiroğulları Ersin , Sen Onur , Gode Safa , Basgoze Serdar , Timur Barıs , Basgoze Aylin , Aydin Ünal , Onan Burak
Published: May 2020

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of pulsatile flow pattern on tissue perfusion, particularly cerebral tissue perfusion, at pre-determined intervals during CPB, as well as its effects on postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Methods: This retrospective study included 134 adult patients, who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Patients were grouped based on the flow pattern used during CPB: non-pulsatile CPB group (N = 82) and pulsatile CPB group (N = 52). Cerebral oxygen saturation, arterial pH and arterial lactate levels were measured at four time points, during the operation and the 2 groups were compared with regard to changes over time as well as differences in postoperative outcomes.
Results: The 2 groups were similar, in terms of mean values and intraoperative changes in cerebral oxygen saturation and arterial pH. Non-pulsatile CABG group had significantly higher arterial lactate levels over the measurement period, which was not affected by the timing of the measurements. Postoperative drainage, duration of ventilation and duration of hospital stay significantly were higher and postoperative blood urea nitrogen significantly was lower in the non-pulsatile CPB group. Other postoperative outcomes were similar across the groups.
Conclusion: Findings of this study do not support the superiority of pulsatile flow pattern during CPB, in terms of cerebral oxygen saturation or postoperative mortality/morbidity. Further and larger comparative studies are warranted before pulsatile blood flow pattern can be established as a routine clinical method.
Cultura, revolución y hegemonía: reseña de La isla gigante: Cuba y su cultura contemporánea. Principales vínculos con América Latina (1959-2016), de Antonio Álvarez Pitaluga
Authors: Barboza Núñez Esteban
Published: May 2020

El libro reseñado aquí centra su análisis en la producción cultural cubana desde el triunfo de la Revolución Cubana hasta el presente. Haciendo uso del concepto de hegemonía cultural de Gramsci, este texto muestra cómo se ha desarrollado la relación entre cultura y política en el contexto cubano, cuáles han sido sus puntos de encuentro y cuáles han sido sus discrepancias. El análisis histórico del libro muestra cómo la producción cultural ha jugado el rol de fuente de poder en la vida política y social de Cuba, y cómo los diferentes tipos de artistas se dan desempeñado como intelectuales orgánicos en la vida cultural de la isla.
Comentario del libro: Menores, tutela estatal e instituciones de reforma. Buenos Aires (1890-1930), de María Carolina Zapiola
Authors: Fessler Daniel
Published: May 2020

María Carolina Zapiola estudia el proceso de transformación registrado en la infancia de los sectores populares en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. A partir del análisis de las instituciones de encierro de la capital argentina a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX da cuenta de la exclusión de la niñez para su conversión en «menores» o sea una categoría en las que se les vincularía a la infracción penal.
Navegante de las ideas: el maestro Edelberto Torres-Rivas y sus huellas, a un año de su partida
Authors: Morales Gamboa Abelardo
Published: May 2020

No resulta fácil desprenderse de las experiencias subjetivas cuando se escribe acerca de la vida y la obra de quien ha marcado huella en nuestras biografías. Me refiero a la vida y la obra de Edelberto Torres Rivas, el maestro, y digo nuestras biografías, porque esa huella marcó directamente a varias generaciones de científicos sociales y continúa proyectándose hasta el presente. Por eso, este relato rompe con los protocolos académicos para colocarse en ese espacio, por cierto, necesario, entre la vivencia y la descripción analítica, colmado de ideas, pero también de nutridos afectos.
Edelberto Torres-Rivas
Authors: Cuevas Molina Rafael
Published: May 2020

Los aportes de Edelberto Torres a la sociología de Centroamérica y de América Latina han sido ampliamente presentados, en especial desde su fallecimiento acaecido el 31 de diciembre del 2018. El presente texto pretende exponer, brevemente, algunos ángulos poco explorados de la vida y obra de quien, con frecuencia, ha sido catalogado como «el sociólogo de Centroamérica».
Real or Created?: Representation of the “Refugee Crisis” in Lithuanian Press Discourse 2015-2017
Authors: Frėjutė-Rakauskienė Monika
Published: May 2020

The article analyses the media portrayal of publicly named “refugee or migration crisis”, after a Syrian migration through the Mediterranean Sea to European countries seeking asylum due to a military conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic. The article presents research data on refugee discourse of the most popular Lithuanian Internet news portals in the period of March 2015–February 2017. The article aims to discuss the parallels between Lithuanian and Western European media depiction of refugees and the “refugee crisis”. The article analyzes main topics and their changes in time, as well as identifies the threats constructed in the media, which are related to asylum of refugees and their integration in host countries. In addition, the article discusses the possible influence of such depiction on public attitudes.
Who voted for Whom in the 2019 Lithuanian Presidential Elections?
Authors: Jastramskis Mažvydas
Published: May 2020

This article investigates voter behavior in the 2019 Lithuanian presidential elections. Even though they appear as first-order (citizens elect an executive that enjoys considerable powers), Lithuanian academic literature has rather neglected this topic in the recent decades. In this article, I employ data from a post-electoral survey conducted after the most recent presidential elections and investigate what kinds of voters and motives were hiding beneath the results of the first and second round in the 2019 presidential elections. Results show that the cleavages that are relevant in the Seimas elections (ethnic and evaluations of Soviet times) also influence the vote choice in the presidential elections. Analysis shows that a ideological cleavage related to social liberalism may becoming important in Lithuania. Lastly, there are signs of retrospective voting, as the voters that evaluate the economy better were more inclined to vote for the presidential candidate of the governing coalition. However, the overall effect is not strong.
Displasia fibrosa de columna lumbar en una mujer de mediana edad. Presentación de un caso
Authors: Saidman Julia Mariel , Di Memmo Damián , Rasumoff Alejandro
Published: May 2020

La displasia fibrosa es una lesión ósea benigna caracterizada por el desarrollo anormal del tejido fibroso de disposición arremolinada, con trabéculas de hueso inmaduro no laminar. Se distinguen dos formas: monostótica y poliostótica. El compromiso de columna vertebral se asocia, con más frecuencia, a la variedad poliostótica; la forma monostótica es infrecuente. Presentamos a una mujer de 46 años que consultó por lumbocruralgia derecha de dos meses de evolución, con diagnóstico definitivo de displasia fibrosa de columna lumbar. Los estudios por imágenes mostraron una lesión monostótica lítico-quística con tabiques internos localizada en el arco posterior de la quinta vértebra lumbar. Sus características en los estudios por imágenes sugirieron un quiste óseo aneurismático, mientras que la anatomía patológica fue reveladora frente al diagnóstico final de displasia fibrosa. Los síntomas menores y la ausencia de complicaciones llevaron a indicar un tratamiento conservador. Si bien el compromiso de columna lumbar por displasia fibrosa monostótica es infrecuente, debería considerarse entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de una lesión lítica solitaria en dicha localización. No obstante, no se descarta mediante histopatología que pueda tratarse de un caso de coexistencia de displasia fibrosa y quiste óseo aneurismático o que la displasia fibrosa se haya desarrollado sobre un quiste óseo aneurismático.
Uso del gluconato de clorhexidina en la curación de heridas y su potencial formación de tejido de granulación
Authors: Wagner Edgar Gustavo , Sala Juan Matías
Published: May 2020

Introducción: Las heridas con defectos de coberturas suponen un gran desafío a la hora de elegir un buen tratamiento que reduzca el riesgo de infección e incremente la capacidad de granulación del tejido. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la utilidad del digluconato de clorhexidina para la granulación de tejidos.

Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyeron 18 heridas de 16 pacientes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se realizaron curaciones ambulatorias con gasas embebidas en digluconato de clorhexidina al 20%, cada 48-72 h, hasta lograr la adecuada granulación de tejido y se tomaron fotografías de la evolución clínica de las heridas.

Resultados: Se observó una adecuada granulación de las heridas en una media de 9.2 días (rango 4-25), independientemente del tamaño o de las comorbilidades. Ninguna herida presentó signos clínicos de infección durante el período de curación.

Conclusiones: El uso de digluconato de clorhexidina es un adecuado método por tener en cuenta para tratar heridas, de forma ambulatoria, y así disminuir los costos hospitalarios del sistema de salud.
Simultaneous and sequential influence of metabolite complexes of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii and antibiotics against poly-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Isayenko O. Y. , Knysh O. V. , Kotsar O. V. , Ryzhkova T. N. , Dyukareva G. I.
Published: May 2020

For the first time the poly-resistant strains of Gram-negative microorganisms were studied for the sensitivity to combined simultaneous and sequential influence of metabolic complexes of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii, obtained by the author’s method without using the growth media, with antibiotics. The synergic activity of antibacterial preparations and metabolic complexes of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii were studied using modified disk-diffusive method of Kirby-Bauer. During the sequential method of testing (at first the microorganisms were incubated with structural components and metabolites, then their sensitivity to the antibacterial preparations was determined), we observed increase in the diameters of the zones of growth inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR to the typical antibiotics (gentamicin, amіcyl, ciprofloxacin, сefotaxime) and non-typical (lincomycin, levomycetin) depending on the tested combinations. Acinetobacter baumannii PR exhibited lower susceptibility: growth inhibition was seen for the combination with ciprofloxacin, сefotaxime, levomycetin. Susceptibility of Lelliottia amnigena (Enterobacter amnigenus) PR increased to levofloxacin, lincomycin. The zones of growth inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae PR increased to gentamicin, amіcyl, tetracycline, сeftriaxone. Maximum efficiency was determined during sequential combination of antibiotics with separate metabolic complexes of L. rhamnosus and S. boulardii, and also their combination (to 15.2, 20.2 and 15.4 mm respectively) compared with their simultaneous use (to 12.2, 15.2 and 13.0 mm respectively) for all the tested poly-resistant pathogens, regardless of the mechanism of action of antibacterial preparation. Metabolic complexes of L. rhamnosus GG and S. boulardii, due to increase in the susceptibility of microorganisms, can decrease the therapeutic concentration of antibiotic, slow the probability of the development of resistance of microorganisms, and are therefore promising candidates for developing “accompanying medications” to antibiotics and antimicrobial preparations of new generation.
Assessing the Understanding and Perception of the Significance of Seasonal Immune Care among the Taif Population during the Pilgrimage Seasons: Emphasis on Influenza and Meningitis Vaccines
Authors: Alrehaili Amani Ahmed
Published: May 2020

Background: A vaccine contains a disease-like agent, often consisting of the microbe, its toxins or one of the surface proteins, which is weakened or killed. The components of the vaccine trigger and encourage the body to recognize the vaccine as a foreign body. A vaccination is critical when considering the number of mortalities, accidents and complications for non-vaccine recipients.

Objectives: The current study aimed for the evaluation of the prevalence of understanding among the Taif population of the importance of seasonal immunization, particularly influenza and meningitis vaccines, during Omrah and Hajj seasons.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the province of Taif using an online questionnaire to determine the level of awareness and knowledge among public individuals about influenza and meningitis vaccines. About 467 responses were included in the study.

Results: The results of the current study showed high knowledge regarding the significance of seasonal immunization among the general population although the majority of the population (i.e., 68.7%) do not have health-related backgrounds. It showed that 66.17% of participants were conscious of the effects of seasonal immunization. The study showed a considerable increase in the number of people who knew the purpose (i.e., 90%) compared with only 10% who were not aware. Moreover, approximately 78.80% of the participants reported that the key reason for seasonal immunization before and during the pilgrimage seasons was diseases transmission. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the population the danger of seasonal flu and its immunization (i.e. 50%). Nevertheless, with respect to the risk of meningitis and if immunization with meningitis should be required, the findings were substantially high. Around 88% of the population accepted that meningitis is dangerous and vaccination is necessary.

Conclusion: The level of awareness about influenza and meningitis vaccination is comparatively high, while the commitments to seasonal immunization are fairly low. In order to increase annual seasonally vaccinated need, more information is needed and explanations of the low level of the side effects after immunization. For the seasonal vaccination recommendations, the attention of health officials is vital to enhanced protection for communities during pilgrimage seasons
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN HIGH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE
Authors: Nikolov P.
Published: May 2020

The PURPUSE of the present study is changes in function and structure of large arteries in individuals with High Normal Arterial Pressure (HNAP) to be established. MATERIAL and METHODS: Structural and functional changes in the large arteries were investigated in 80 individuals with HNAP and in 45 with optimal arterial pressure (OAP). In terms of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), central aortic pressure (CAP), pulse pressure (PP) were followed up in HNAP group. Intima media thickness (IMT), flow-induced vasodilatation (FMD), ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure, pulse pressure are reported in the HNAP group. In terms of IMT and ABI, being in the reference interval, there is no significant difference between HNAP and OAP groups. The calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) in both groups is low. CONCLUSION: Significantly higher values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure and pulse pressure in the HNAP group are reported.
METHODOLOGY FOR REPORTING OF THE ENERGY AND PROTEIN TRANSFORMATION IN THE ECO-TECHNICAL CHAIN “FEED-EGG MELANGE” BY LAYING HENS THROUGH INTRODUCING OF “CLARC OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION/CLARC OF PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION”
Authors: Penkov D. , Grigorova S.
Published: May 2020

A methodology to account for transformation of metabolizable energy and crude protein in compound feed for laying hens to energy and protein in egg melange (albumen and egg yolk) has been developed. The introduction of Clarc of metabolizable energy transformation and Clarc of crude protein distribution could help to more exactly account of net utilization of nutrients in the eco-technical feed chain. “Clarc” is the ratio of the nutrients studied between primary (feed) and secondary level (animal products, edible by humans). For their establishing, original formulas have been used. They could be used in at least three important areas – ecological (bio-transformation); selectional (development of objective selection criteria and indices) and technological (as indicators to improve the feeding and housing technologies). In the scientific experiment the following values of energy and protein transformation in experiments with laying hens from Lohman Brown Klassik hybrid are observed: Clarc of metabolizable energy transformation (fodder-egg melange) – 0.2313 (23.13%); Clark of crude protein distribution (fodder-egg melange) – 0.2096 (20.96%).
STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRACISTERNAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FOR THE CONTROL OF MASTITIS IN GOATS
Authors: Hristov K. , Pepovich R. , Nikolov B.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the healing and prophylactic effect of drying-off antibiotic therapy using the selective and non-selective approach of administration of the antibiotics. First experimental group at the start of the dry period were treated non-selectively (all halves) intra-cisternally with antibiotics. In the second group, we only treated those halves that were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The control group of 9 goats was not treated.
The number of somatic cells in treated groups after birth decreased from 2586 x 10³/ mL to 560 x 10³/mL in the first group and from 1978 x 10³/mL to 526 x 10³/mL in the second. Post partum, 10% of the halves were found to have subclinical mastitis. A healing effect was achieved in 25% (n=5) milk halves. New intramammary infections developed during the dry period also occurred in 5% (n=1) of the milk halves. In the second post-partum study, subclinical mastitis was observed only in 5% (n=1). Healing was achieved in 30% (n = 6) and the new intramammary infections (NIMIs) were 10% (n=2). In the control group, healing was only observed in 5% (n=1) and NIMI were 27.78% (n=5).
The application of both treatment approaches, results in reduction in prevalence and manifestation of mastitis, as well as reduction of somatic cells in milk after kidding. The selective treatment method may be preferred, in order to reduce the cost of medications in conducting treatment and prophylaxis programs.
WAS THE CLASSIFICATION ABLE TO DIVIDE DOGS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE?
Authors: Pankov A.
Published: May 2020

Using the simultaneous readings of the left ventricular remodeling model and the left ventricular weight to body weight ratio, the Gaasch and Zile classification was able to distinguish almost completely (95%) the dogs without pulmonary edema from those with pulmonary edema in cases of MMVD (myxomatous mitral valve disease) with an established limit for the left ventricular mass of 7.478 g/kg between the two groups. In one of the twenty animals surveyed, the classification failed. We assume that this is related to the exacerbation of the disease and the change of its chronic course due to an additional cause.