bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐hop non‐destructive qudit teleportation via non‐maximally entangled GHZ channels
Authors: Liu Qin , Wei Yuzhen , Xue Shibei , Jiang Min
Published: July 2021

A scheme for the multihop non‐destructive teleportation of an arbitrary single‐qudit state based on various non‐maximally entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger channels is proposed here. The parallel entanglement swap is used to form a direct d‐dimensional () entangled channel shared between the sender and the receiver. The authors’ propose a novel idea that the third‐party Charlie with high quantum information processing technology executes the channel modulation, which reduces the technical requirements of the sender and the receiver. In addition, if the teleportation fails, the unknown state will be restored by the sender. This work provides a feasible method for teleportation and ensures the integrity of the unknown quantum information.
Minimization of energy costs for UAV management in a conflict task
Authors: Lapshin Viktor , Ivanov Stanislav
Published: July 2021

This article considers the method of developing an evader control strategy in the non-linear differential pursuit-evasion game problem. It is assumed that the pursuer resorts to the most probable control strategy in order to capture the evader and that at each moment the evader knows its own and the enemy’s physical capabilities. This assumption allows to bring the game problem down to the problem of a unilateral evader control, with the condition of reaching a saddle point not obligatory to be fulfilled. The control is realised in the form of synthesis and additionally ensures that the requirements for bringing the evader to a specified area with terminal optimization of certain state variables are satisfiedt. The solution of this problem will significantly reduce the energy losses for controlling an unmanned vehicle, the possible effect is to save 15-20 % of fuel with a probability of 0.98, to solve the problem of chasing the enemy.
Minimizing tool vibrations when turning metals, as a method of energy-efficient cutting
Authors: Lapshin Viktor , Moiseev Denis , Khristoforova Veronika
Published: July 2021

Taking into account the interrelated vibration dynamics of cutting and the temperature in the cutting zone allows you to determine the most successful state or cutting mode in terms of energy costs. Purpose of the work: by forming a consistent model, determine the most convenient mechanism for the mode of operation of the cutting system, in which the further wear of the cutting wedge will be stabilized, the cutting force will also be stabilized, as well as the temperature in the cutting zone and the vibration of the tool. The paper examines: The process of metal processing by cutting on a lathe for the case of longitudinal turning of the product. Research methods: The research consists of a series of field experiments on real equipment using a modern measuring stand STD. 201-1, as well as using an experimental complex developed by us. Results and discussion. The results of processing experimental data, in particular, the results of measuring cutting forces, temperature and tool vibrations, are presented. The mechanism of stabilization of the processing process due to the relationship between temperature and vibrations during cutting and the formation of a quasi-stationary cutting mode is experimentally proved. It is assumed that due to the practical application of the results obtained in the work, it will be possible to increase the energy efficiency of metal processing by reducing the energy cost of vibration of the cutting wedge.
Method and complex of express diagnostics of liquid packaged products
Authors: Belozerov Valeriy , Martynov Viktor , Belozerov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the efficiency of quality control and safety of liquid packaged products, a method and model of an automated complex have been developed that allow rapid diagnostics of liquid without opening the container and sampling. The article describes the method, the results of its application in the identification of engine oil and the model of a portable automated complex with sensors-covers for continuous monitoring of bottled water. The data of experimental studies of the models are presented. The obvious result of using the method and the complex, from the point of view of energy saving and energy efficiency, is its application for continuous control of motor and transformer oils, to ensure the technical resource of motor vehicles and transformers at electrical substations, which, according to preliminary estimates, reduces the cost of selective control and losses from unscheduled repairs by 2 times.
Water regeneration as an economical advantage of contemporary pasteurizing machines
Authors: Kazmin Vasilii , Kudryashev Sergei , Kazmin Georgy , Naumenko Viktor
Published: July 2021

The problem of preserving food and increasing their biological stability is one of the important problems of modern food production. The pasteurization process, due to the transition to a temperature of up to 60-70 degrees, remains unchanged preservation of liquid products. The considered system of the tunnel pasteurization process, which is used in the production of beer and other fermentation beverages, makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency of the pasteurization process due to the reuse of heated water and temperature exchange between the chambers of the system and product cooling. Reducing energy consumption for heating by using such an automated system can be up to five times. In addition, the use of this system leads to significant savings in water consumption.
Increasing the technological process’ energy efficiency of the of applying multifunctional wear-and-heat-resistant protective coatings by electro-acoustic spraying
Authors: Kochetov Andrei , Fisunova Elena , Lavrenova Tatyana , Filonenko Luybov
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to measures improving the energy efficiency of the technological process of applying wear-resistant multifunctional composite protective coatings by the method of electroacoustic spraying. The proposed technique for increasing energy efficiency is based on the use of methods for optimal planning of an experiment using non-orthogonal matrices for planning an experiment and the obtained interpolation-regression equations for the output of the main parameters of the quality of processed products, micro-hardness and roughness, which were tested using the adequacy criterion. The optimization technique based on the criterion of minimizing the reduced energy costs, the technological process of applying wear-resistant protective coatings is based on the determination of the main modes of electro-acoustic spraying according to the specified quality parameters of the required surface layer of the processed mechanical engineering products, micro-hardness and roughness. As a result, from the whole set of solutions of the corresponding equations, we get the opportunity to select those operating modes of the electro-acoustic spraying station that correspond to the minimum values of the amplitude of ultrasonic vibrations and the voltage supplied to the inter-electrode space.
Microwave dehydration of potato slices and assessment of energy efficiency
Authors: Petković Marko , Lukyanov Alexander , Đurović Igor , Miletić Nemanja , Studennikova Svetlana , Filipović Vladimir , Radivojević Jelena
Published: July 2021

The dehydration parameters (thickness, mass load, and power level) statistically significantly (p<0.05) affect the microwave dehydration of potato slices. Potato slices with thicknesses of 3, 6, and 9 mm were dehydrated as monolayers at different mass loads (1.00, 0.63, and 0.38 kg m-2) and microwave power levels (80, 240 W). The optimal model of potato slices with a 3 mm thickness, 0.38 kg m-2 mass load, dehydrated on 240 W, had the shortest dehydration time (15 minutes), the most negligible energy consumption (0.064 kWh), and the most insignificant emission of carbon dioxide (0.063 kg). The model of potato slices of 9 mm slice thickness dehydrated on 240 W, with 0.38 kg m-2 mass load, showed the highest resistance to mass transfer (the maximum effective moisture diffusivity 1.1847 × 10-7 ± 2.6080 × 10-9 m2 s-1). The average activation energy for all models was determined to be 11.635 W g-1. The thinner potato slices showed better results in dehydration time and energy consumption and good moisture diffusivity.
Influence of the radio signals frequency band on their spatial selection in communication channels
Authors: Okorochkov Alexander , Dmitrienko Nadezda
Published: July 2021

This article deals with the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) on the frequency band of a radio channel when transmitting three different radio signals over it based on a mathematical model. Signals are transmitted on a single carrier frequency, in one direction and occupy the entire channel frequency band, which varied from 0 to 30 GHz. A threeelement sparse antenna array (SAA) is used for signal transmission. Each signal is emitted by all three SAA elements with certain phase shifts. In the reception area, such a structure of the total field is formed, at which the maxima of all transmitted signals are spatially spaced. This allows each signal to be received on a separate antenna. Studies have shown that the S/N ratio for different signals depends differently on the channel bandwidth. For a signal emitted by all SAA antennas in phase, the S/N ratio is practically independent of the bandwidth and is about 70 dB. For the two remaining phased signals the S/N ratio varies equally over the entire range of the channel frequency band values and is characterized by a sharp drop from 62 to 8 dB.
Optimization of the plate drying process by electromagnetic radiation using the Green function method
Authors: Afanas’ev Anatoliy , Bakhracheva Yulia
Published: July 2021

An initial boundary value problem is formulated for calculating the heat-mass-energy fields in a homogeneous wet plate. To solve this problem, an original algorithm containing elements of analytical and numerical methods has been developed. In this method, solutions are written using the spatially one-dimensional Green function of the Neumann problem, which contains eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem. In comparison with the known numerical algorithms, the problems of the theory of electromagnetic drying for which its application can be effective are indicated. It is shown that the discrete supply of microwave energy significantly reduces the gradients of temperature, steam and moisture content, while reducing energy consumption by 11...12 %. The probability of an undesirable spontaneous temperature increase at the end of the drying cycle is significantly reduced, and the electrical and thermal conditions of the microwave energy source are improved.
Integration of a non-contact temperature sensor in the terminal using remote monitoring of readings
Authors: Vasilenko Arseniy , Studennikova Svetlana , Agibalova Albina
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to an overview of the project aimed at optimizing the production process in a wide range of enterprises. Considered is the creation of an installation that implements the automation of measuring the temperature of people at checkpoints with subsequent remote monitoring of readings. The result of the development involves an increase in the level of safety of employees and the elimination of the “human factor”. The value of the carbon footprint generated by the device during the year was, of CO2, respectively. At the same time, the transition to the use of energy-saving modes in IoT devices potentially reduces energy consumption and the value of the carbon footprint by more than 1000 times.
Optimization of the nutritional composition of the food mixture, taking into account the individual restrictions of consumers
Authors: Klokonos Mariya , Karpov Valery , Nikitin Igor , Orlovtseva Olga , Ivanova Nataliya
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the problem of optimizing the composition of food mixtures intended for feeding individuals with a predisposition to diseases associated with impaired bone mineral density (BMD) by selecting the ratio of the main and additional raw materials in the mixture. The mathematical formulation of the problem was carried out and the result of its solution was obtained using a computer program. The formation of the optimal composition of the mixture was calculated taking into account two criteria - restrictions on the ratio of the main and additional raw materials and taking into account the specified requirements of the standard for the amount of basic nutrients that will provide nutritional support for people with a predisposition to BMD impairment.
Energy-saving technology for fine grinding of food raw materials frozen in blocks
Authors: Kapovsky Boris , Kuznetsova Tatyana , Lazarev Anton , Plyasheshnik Pavel
Published: July 2021

Reducing the cost of electricity consumed when cutting frozen raw materials in the meat processing industry can significantly improve profitability and other economic indicators. The possibility of energy saving in the innovative technology of one-stage fine grinding of food raw materials was studied. The selected frozen meat blocks (beef and pork) and collagen-containing raw materials (meat cuttings and tripe) were ground to the required degree usingan experimental IBF-1 grinder. At the same time, the active three-phase power consumed by the electric motor of the cutting mechanism drive was measured and recorded. The study results showed that the IBF-1 grinder (milling method) could replace three machines (frozen meat cutter, meat comminutor, and micro cutter) with sequential grinding in three stages according to the standard grinding technology. The calculations carried out on the power costs per ton of products confirm that grinding requires 2.6 times less than the total installed capacity of meatcutting machines of the standard technological chain.
Exploring the CAD model of the manipulator using CAD Translation and Simscape Multibody
Authors: Mishchenko Elena , Mishchenko Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The possibilities of the dynamic research of the manipulator CAD-model after its translation into Simscape Multibody using CAD Translation are considered. The results of the simulation are presented. The described approach to modeling allows you to reproduce the dynamics of a real physical object.
Usage of freeze-dried vegetable and fruit-berry powders in milkshake technology
Authors: Demina Ekaterina , Simonenkova Anna , Luneva Olga , Bychkova Tatyana , Zaugolnikova Elena
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the prospects for the use of freeze-dried vegetable powders in the technology of milkshakes. The main advantages of using enriching powders in the composition of functional dairy products are shown. The use of plant powders has been proven to enrich dairy products with antioxidant substances, dietary fiber, vitamins and plant protein. A significant increase in the amount of vitamins was noted - in a strawberry-raspberry cocktail, the content of vitamin C increased 2.5 times, β-carotene - 100 times, vitamin E - 6 times (for a carrot-pumpkin cocktail). The content of the main macro- and microelements has also increased - potassium - by 15%, sodium - by 29%, iron - doubled, which is due to the full chemical composition of vegetable and fruit and berry powders. The use of natural plant components as flavoring additives will significantly improve the organoleptic properties of the developed dairy products.
Optimization of technological parameters of the ultrasonic extraction process when producing functional purpose drinks
Authors: Manukovskaya Marina , Shchetilina Irina , Pisklyukova Yulia
Published: July 2021

In this experimental work, the method of ultrasonic extraction was used to intensify the preparation of the extract. The maximum extraction of nutrients during the preparation of extracts with the maximum preserved initial bio-corrective effect on the body is possible with the help of ultrasonic extraction. The article presents experimental data on the determination of the content of macronutrients in the obtained drinks, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, which, in comparison with other nutrients, are the most stable during the production and storage of drinks. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that, in comparison with control samples, the content of macronutrients in drinks prepared using the ultrasonic extraction method increases by 45 %, which makes up the body’s daily need for these nutrients from 3 % to 25 %. In drinks prepared using ultrasonic extraction, the vitamin C content increases by 50 %, and meets the daily requirement by 100 %. The values of antioxidant activity in samples prepared using the method of ultrasonic extraction exceed the control samples by 45-50 %. The studies carried out prove the high biological value of beverages.
Study of the possibility of energy saving in bakery production technology based on the optimization of the dough-making process
Authors: Belokurova Elena , Sargsyan Martin , Sotnikov Nikita
Published: July 2021

This article considers the possibility of replacing part of the wheat flour with cereals made of buckwheat, rice and millet. The proposed solution will reduce the technological cycle of production of bakery products, which will reduce energy costs. On the other hand, the enterprises of the food industry will be able to reduce production residues and educate the consumer in the culture of rational nutrition. The authors considered the change in physical and chemical parameters of dough in the process of fermentation, proposed ways to optimize dough management.
Was wissen Sie über … Autoimmunerkrankungen?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: July 2021

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Mit Toyohari Ursachen und Symptome behandeln
Authors: Stiehle Anja
Published: July 2021

Mit Toyohari wird die Ursache von Beschwerden über das Root-Treatment und die Symptomatik über das Branch-Treatment behandelt. Für das Root-Treatment ermittelt man zunächst das Grundmuster eines Patienten, um eine individuell angepasste Behandlung durchzuführen. Zur Behandlung von Beschwerden können verschiedene Toyohari-Techniken hilfreich sein; dabei kommen unter anderem unterschiedliche Nadeln zum Einsatz.
Kampō – traditionelle japanische Arzneimitteltherapie
Authors: Kostner Bernd
Published: July 2021

Die traditionelle japanische Arzneimitteltherapie Kampō hat ihren Ursprung in der klassischen chinesischen Medizin, hat sich jedoch in Japan zu einer eigenständigen Therapieform entwickelt. Kampō kann vielseitig angewendet werden, zum Beispiel bei funktionellen, hormonellen, neurologischen und somatoformen Störungen. Die Anwendung von Kampō hat zahlreiche Facetten; einige Grundbegriffe können diese beispielhaft verdeutlichen, zum Beispiel In-Yō (chin. Yin und Yang), Hyō-Ri (Außen-Innen) und Kyū-Jitsu (Mangel-Überschuss).
Resonanzfelder zur Stärkung der Selbstheilungskräfte
Authors: Weber Friedl
Published: July 2021

Jin Shin Jyutsu ist eine Resonanztherapie, in der über sanfte Berührungen ohne Druck und Massage – meist am bekleideten Körper – eine Resonanz zu einem unverletzten Urbild des Behandelten entsteht. Die Kunst des Jin Shin wird als Fremd- oder als Eigenbehandlung angewandt. Hände und Füße haben die Kraft, durch Berührungen die Resonanz zum unverletzten Urbild herzustellen. Diese Heilkunst wirkt in erster Linie harmonisierend. Der Behandler wie der Behandelte profitieren von dem Feld der Resonanz.
Luvas cirúrgicas em procedimentos ortopédicos de trauma: Quantas perdem a integridade?
Authors: de Barros Maurício Pandini Monteiro , Godoi Thales Thiago Ferreira , Ferretti Filho Mario , Fernandes Helio Jorge Alchavian , dos Reis Fernando Baldy
Published: July 2021

Introdução Cirurgias ortopédicas apresentam a possibilidade de perfuração das luvas, que pode chegar a 56,8%, relacionada principalmente à manipulação de instrumentos cortantes. O tratamento de fraturas e cirurgias de trauma apresenta risco adicional pelo contato com espiculas ósseas.

Objetivo Análise da prevalência de perda de integridade das luvas cirúrgicas em procedimentos ortopédicos de trauma, principalmente fraturas, avaliando a exposição do cirurgião e o contato com secreções provenientes do paciente.

Métodos Inspeção macroscópica das luvas de dois cirurgiões especializados em trauma, durante um período de 4 meses. Ambos usaram duas luvas para todos os procedimentos e, ao término da cirurgia, analisaram a presença ou ausência de manchas de sangue nas luvas internas e/ou nos dedos. Os procedimentos foram categorizados quanto ao tempo e tipo de cirurgia. A intercorrência investigada foi a perfuração de uma ou duas luvas; se a perfuração foi percebida imediatamente ou apenas ao final da cirurgia, e qual o local e o motivo do rasgo, se identificado.

Resultados Foram incluídas 210 cirurgias, das quais 87 apresentaram perfurações, sendo 17 casos em ambas as luvas e 70 apenas na luva externa. Um total de 27,5% dos danos foram descobertos apenas no final da cirurgia; os rasgos se concentraram no indicador esquerdo em 62,5% dos casos. Por último, houve uma relação mais significativa com cirurgias de foco aberto e com duração superior a 60 minutos.

Conclusão O nosso resultado sugere que em cirurgias prolongadas e com foco aberto, é necessário maior cuidado e inspeção à procura de danos nas luvas.
The Prevalence of Second Victim Syndrome and Emotional Distress in Pediatric Intensive Care Providers
Authors: Wolf Michael , Smith Kathleen , Basu Mohua , Heiss Kurt
Published: July 2021

Pediatric critical care providers are at higher risk of second victim syndrome (SVS) and emotional distress after a poor patient outcome, unanticipated adverse event, medical error, or patient-related injury. We sought to determine the prevalence of SVS within our intensive care units (ICUs) and evaluate the adequacy of current institutional peer support. A validated survey tool, the second victim experience and support tool was sent electronically to all ICU providers in our pediatric health care system. Of 950 recipients, there were 266 respondents (28%). Sixty-one per cent of respondents were nurses; 19% were attending physicians, advanced practice providers, and fellows; 88% were females; 42% were aged 25 to 34 years; and 43% had worked in the ICU for 0 to 5 years. The most common emotion experienced was psychological distress (42%) and one-third of respondents questioned their self-efficacy as a provider after a second victim event. Support from colleagues, supervisors, and the institution was perceived as low. Support from a respected peer was the most desired type of support by 81% of respondents. Emotional distress and SVS are commonly found among pediatric ICU providers and the level of support is perceived as inadequate. Developing and deploying a peer support program are crucial to staff's well-being and resilience in the high-stress ICU environment.
Simulation and optimization of direct glucose fuel cell
Authors: Kaewsongpol Keamjira , Changkhamchom Sairung , Thummarungsan Natlita , Siemanond Kitipat , Sirivat Anuvat
Published: July 2021

This work develops an unsteady state, nonisothermal, and three-dimensional model of the anion exchange membrane direct glucose fuel cell (AEM-DGFC). The model includes heat transfer and mass transports across DGFC, the reaction kinetics of catalyst layers, and the Ohmic resistance of the AEM electrolyte. The governing equations are solved numerically by the method of lines. The model predicts the concentration profiles of various chemical species and the temperature distributions in various fuel cell layers, during the transient startup period. The steady state model predictions agree well with the previous experimental data. The anodic overpotential is high relative to the cathodic, and the Ohmic overpotentials are due to the complex kinetics of the glucose electro-oxidation. The increases in the limited glucose and potassium hydroxide concentrations are shown to elevate the DGFC operation. Specifically, the cell performance is enhanced with increasing operating temperature, cathode side pressure, pressure drop across fuel cell, and porosity of catalyst layer, whereas the cell voltage diminishes with increasing membrane thickness. In summary, the optimal operating conditions are the operating temperature of 340 K, the cathode side pressure of 3 atm, the pressure drop of 0.036 atm, the membrane thickness of 0.0035 cm, and the catalysis layer porosity of 0.45.
Liouville theorem of D-solutions to the stationary magnetohydrodynamics system in a slab
Authors: Pan Xinghong
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study Liouville theorems of D-solutions to the stationary magnetohydrodynamic system in a slab. We will prove trivialness of the velocity and the magnetic field with various boundary conditions. In some boundary conditions, the additional assumption that the horizontal angular component(s) of the velocity or (and) the magnetic field is (are) axially symmetric is needed. More precisely, five types of boundary conditions will be considered: the vertical periodic boundary condition for the velocity and the magnetic field, the Navier-slip boundary condition for the velocity, the perfectly conducting or insulating boundary condition for the magnetic field, the non-slip boundary condition for the velocity, and the perfectly conducting or insulating boundary condition for the magnetic field. One of our innovations is that we do not impose finite Dirichlet integral assumption on the magnetic field compared with previous works.
Development of a deep learning based automated data analysis for step-filter x-ray spectrometers in support of high-repetition rate short-pulse laser-driven acceleration experiments
Authors: Simpson R. A. , Mariscal D. , Williams G. J. , Scott G. G. , Grace E. , Ma T.
Published: July 2021

We present a deep learning based framework for real-time analysis of a differential filter based x-ray spectrometer that is common on short-pulse laser experiments. The analysis framework was trained with a large repository of synthetic data to retrieve key experimental metrics, such as slope temperature. With traditional analysis methods, these quantities would have to be extracted from data using a time-intensive and manual analysis. This framework was developed for a specific diagnostic, but may be applicable to a wide variety of diagnostics common to laser experiments and thus will be especially crucial to the development of high-repetition rate (HRR) diagnostics for HRR laser systems that are coming online.
Neutron activation analysis of archeological artifacts using the ISIS pulsed neutron source
Authors: Cazzaniga Carlo , Scherillo Antonella , Fedrigo Anna , Raspino Davide , Grazzi Francesco , Frost Christopher D.
Published: July 2021

Archeological artifacts can be analyzed after neutron irradiation at the pulsed ISIS neutron and muon source, UK, using a newly installed high purity germanium gamma ray spectrometer to perform neutron activation analysis. In this work, the details of the measurement methods and data analysis are presented. In particular, it is explained how Monte Carlo calculations are necessary to evaluate the detection efficiency, taking into account self-shielding effects. The results for two certified bronze standards are presented. The good agreement between expected and measured compositions is promising for the use of this technique for archeological artifacts where the elemental concentration is often unknown. As an example, the analysis of a Chinese sword from the first or second century BC is presented.
Numerical turbulence simulations of intermittent fluctuations in the scrape-off layer of magnetized plasmas
Authors: Decristoforo G. , Theodorsen A. , Omotani J. , Nicholas T. , Garcia O. E.
Published: July 2021

Intermittent fluctuations in the boundary of magnetically confined plasmas are investigated by numerical turbulence simulations of a reduced fluid model describing the evolution of the plasma density and electric drift vorticity in the two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Two different cases are considered: one describing resistive drift waves in the edge region and another including only the interchange instability due to unfavorable magnetic field curvature in the scrape-off layer. Analysis of long data time series obtained by single-point recordings is compared to predictions of a stochastic model describing the plasma fluctuations as a superposition of uncorrelated pulses. For both cases investigated, the radial particle density profile in the scrape-off layer is exponential with a radially constant scale length. The probability density function for the particle density fluctuations in the far scrape-off layer has an exponential tail. Radial motion of blob-like structures leads to large-amplitude bursts with an exponential distribution of peak amplitudes and the waiting times between them. The average burst shape is well described by a two-sided exponential function. The frequency power spectral density of the particle density is simply that of the average burst shape and is the same for all radial positions in the scrape-off layer. The fluctuation statistics obtained from the numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with recent experimental measurements on magnetically confined plasmas. The statistical framework defines a new validation metric for boundary turbulence simulations.
Thin-sheet monolithic-structured Pd–Au–CuOx/M-fiber (M = Ni, Al, SS, Cu) catalysts for gas-phase hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol
Authors: Chang Tong , Zhang Li , Ma Ruijing , Liu Xiaoying
Published: July 2021

A series of thin-sheet metal microfiber (including Cu, Al, Ni, and stainless-steel fiber) structured Pd–Au catalysts were prepared by a galvanic deposition method. Among these catalysts, the 0.1 Pd–0.5 Au/Cu-fiber catalyst delivers stable dimethyl oxalate (DMO) conversion of ∼99% and ethylene glycol (EG) selectivity of ∼93% within at least 200 h. However, the EG selectivity decreases from 87% to 60%, while the DMO conversion remains at ∼99% after 200 h on stream, which is derived from the decrease of the Cu+/Cu0 molar ratio on the catalyst surface. This work demonstrates that reserving Cu+ species is crucial to maintain good EG selectivity for DMO hydrogenation.
Machine learning using host/guest energy histograms to predict adsorption in metal–organic frameworks: Application to short alkanes and Xe/Kr mixtures
Authors: Li Zhao , Bucior Benjamin J. , Chen Haoyuan , Haranczyk Maciej , Siepmann J. Ilja , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: July 2021

A machine learning (ML) methodology that uses a histogram of interaction energies has been applied to predict gas adsorption in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) using results from atomistic grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations as training and test data. In this work, the method is first extended to binary mixtures of spherical species, in particular, Xe and Kr. In addition, it is shown that single-component adsorption of ethane and propane can be predicted in good agreement with GCMC simulation using a histogram of the adsorption energies felt by a methyl probe in conjunction with the random forest ML method. The results for propane can be improved by including a small number of MOF textural properties as descriptors. We also discuss the most significant features, which provides physical insight into the most beneficial adsorption energy sites for a given application.
Projection-type electron spectroscopy collimator analyzer for charged particles and x-ray detections
Authors: Matsui Fumihiko , Matsuda Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

We developed a compact sized device for angular and energy analysis of charged particles in a wide acceptance cone angle of nearly 1π steradian. This device is configured from an electrostatic lens comprising an axisymmetric aspherical mesh, which has a concave shape viewed from the point source, a set of axisymmetric electrodes, planar grids, microchannel plates, and a fluorescent screen positioned coaxially. The potentials of electrodes are adjusted so that the trajectories of the electrons with arbitrarily set kinetic energy are substantially parallelized by the electrostatic lens and enter the planar grid perpendicularly. Instead of the planar grid, a collimator plate with parallel holes can be used as an energy band-pass filter. The angular distribution of electrons with the selected kinetic energy is projected directly onto the fluorescent screen without converging and passing through a pinhole. This is a simple but significant electron-optical design to obtain wide-range angular distribution with high angular resolution, and the analyzer can be suitably used for the two-dimensional angular distribution measurements of electrons and ions emitted from surfaces.
Modified scattering for the higher-order anisotropic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two space dimensions
Authors: Hayashi Nakao , Naumkin Pavel I.
Published: July 2021

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the higher-order anisotropic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two space dimensions i∂tu+12Δu−14∂x14u=λuu, t > 0, x∈R2, with initial data u0,x=u0x, x∈R2, where λ∈R. We will show the modified scattering for solutions. We continue to develop the factorization techniques, which were started in the papers of N. Hayashi and P. I. Naumkin [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 59(6), 1002–1028 (2008); J. Math. Phys. 56(9), 093502 (2015)], N. Hayashi and T. Ozawa [Ann. I.H.P.: Phys. Theor. 48, 17–37 (1988)], and T. Ozawa [Commun. Math. Phys. 139(3), 479–493 (1991)]. The crucial point of our approach presented here is the L2-boundedness of the pseudodifferential operators.
Stability of a dust cloud in the radio frequency low-pressure gas discharge
Authors: Zhukhovitskii D. I.
Published: July 2021

We analyze stability of a three-dimensional cloud of the dust particles in the low-pressure radio frequency discharge under microgravity conditions. The parameters of such complex plasma are assumed to conform to the recently developed ionization equation of state that includes the effects of the ion–atom collisions on the particle charge and of the ion–particle collisions on the ion mean free path. Propagation of the particle number density perturbation in a cloud is treated using the fluid approach. The equation for dust cloud dynamics allows for the electric and ion drag forces that are not compensated in a nonstationary state and yields the wave equation for the dust acoustic waves with either a positive or negative effective friction coefficient. The resulting dispersion relation defines a condition of the instability onset, which is written for the maximum ambipolar field and dust number density gradient. Analysis of the available experimental data reveals a satisfactory correspondence with the theory. In particular, it is demonstrated that the maximum dust density gradient in the cloud increases with the increase in the particle diameter and in the pressure of plasma-forming gas.
Effects of entropy layer on the boundary layer over hypersonic blunt cones considering entropy swallowing
Authors: Zhou Jingtian , Cao Wei
Published: July 2021

For hypersonic boundary-layer flow, the effects of entropy layer on the boundary layer are investigated by theoretical analysis combining with direct numerical simulation over 5° blunt cones. The boundary-layer similarity is first discovered after entropy swallowing. Entropy swallowing is the phenomenon that the entropy layer gets swallowed by the developing boundary layer downstream. Compared with sharp cones, the boundary layer under entropy layer can be divided into two regions—the outer layer and inner layer. The outer layer is strongly affected by the entropy layer, whereas the inner layer near the wall is mainly dominated by viscous effects. It is found that after entropy swallowing, the entropy-layer effects do not fully disappear. The boundary-layer-edge variables of the blunt cone reach sharp-cone values at entropy swallowing point, while the flow inside the boundary layer takes a longer distance to reach sharp-cone solutions entirely. After that, the entropy-layer effects vanish. The blunt-cone boundary-layer similarity then shows up. Linear stability theory results show that, for blunt cones, the lower branches of the neutral curves always overlap with those of sharp cones, which further proves the existence of the inner layer. The neutral curves of blunt and sharp cones entirely overlap at somewhere downstream of entropy swallowing point, and at this location, the first-mode growth-rate curves of blunt and sharp cones completely overlap. The second-mode growth rates, however, are found to overlap somewhere further, at the location where the blunt-cone similarity shows up.
Strain-driven radial vortex core reversal in geometric confined multiferroic heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Mingmin , Hu Huimin , Cui Shuting , Li Yiting , Zhou Xiuping , Qiu Yang , Guo Rongdi , Wu Guohua , Yu Guoliang , Zhou Haomiao
Published: July 2021

The magnetic radial vortex is a nanoscale magnetization configuration that is typically stabilized by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (i-DMI). The existing control methods for the radial vortex core polarity rely on the use of current flow or magnetic fields, which may cause long consumption times or limit device miniaturization. Here, we investigate a repeated reversal of a radial vortex that can be driven by strain from a piezoelectric substrate using micromagnetic simulations. A phase diagram for the representative regions against perpendicular anisotropy, i-DMI, and the applied strain was obtained. The derived phase diagram was used to associate the mechanism of the core reversal with edge magnetization rotation during core magnetization switching, which exhibits a relationship by transforming a quasi-Bloch wall into a Néel wall. The existence of the i-DMI effect causes the core polarity and radial chirality of the radial vortex to be reversed simultaneously without resulting in larger core movements. These results offer an alternative and efficient way to achieve core reversal, which is expected to stimulate the radial vortex application in magnetoresistive memory devices.
On a fundamental description of the Kovacs’ kinetic signatures in glass-forming systems
Authors: Lira-Escobedo J. , Mendoza-Méndez P. , Medina-Noyola M. , McKenna G. B. , Ramírez-González P. E.
Published: July 2021

The time-evolution equation for the time-dependent static structure factor of the non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory was used to investigate the kinetics of glass-forming systems under isochoric conditions. The kinetics are studied within the framework of the fictive temperature (TF) of the glassy structure. We solve for the kinetics of TF(t) and the time-dependent structure factor and find that they are different but closely related by a function that depends only on temperature. Furthermore, we are able to solve for the evolution of TF(t) in a set of temperature-jump histories referred to as the Kovacs’ signatures. We demonstrate that the NE-SCGLE theory reproduces all the Kovacs’ signatures, namely, intrinsic isotherm, asymmetry of approach, and memory effect. In addition, we extend the theory into largely unexplored, deep glassy state, regions that are below the notionally “ideal” glass temperature.
JPCRD: 50 Years of Providing the Scientific Community with Critically Evaluated Thermodynamic Data, Predictive Methods, and Large Thermodynamic Data Compilations
Authors: Acree William E. , Chickos James S.
Published: July 2021

A brief overview is provided on articles published in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data containing experimental thermodynamic data as well as group contribution methods used to predict thermodynamic quantities of organic compounds. Published papers have contained large compilations of experimental and calculated condensed-phase and gas-phase standard molar enthalpies of formation, isobaric molar heat capacities, molar enthalpies of fusion, molar enthalpies of sublimation, and molar enthalpies of vaporization.
Method for predicting depth-averaged current velocities of underwater gliders based on data feature analysis
Authors: Zhou Yaojian , Liu Shijie , Zhang Yonglai , Tian Baoqiang
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the data feature of depth-averaged current velocities (DACVs) derived from underwater gliders is analyzed for the first time. Two features of DACVs have been proposed: one is the complex ingredients and small samples, and the other is the stationarity that occurs as the length of a DACV sequence increases. With these features in mind, a set of methods combining statistical analysis and machine learning are proposed to realize the prediction of DACVs. Four groups of DACV data of different gliders from sea trials in the South China Sea are used to verify the prediction method. Based on three general error criteria, the prediction performance of the proposed model is demonstrated. The persistence method is used as a comparison model. The results show that the prediction methods proposed in this paper are effective.
Macroscopic systems can be controllably entangled and limitlessly measured
Authors: Berkowitz Rachel
Published: July 2021

Two oscillating membranes demonstrate correlations forbidden by classical physics.
A molecular road movie
Authors: Endo Tomoyuki , Qu Chen , Ibrahim Heide
Published: July 2021

As a photoexcited molecule breaks apart, we can see not just where the fragments are but also whether they are departing from the beaten path.
A dynamical model for generating synthetic data to quantify active tactile sensing behavior in the rat
Authors: Zweifel Nadina O. , Bush Nicholas E. , Abraham Ian , Murphey Todd D. , Hartmann Mitra J. Z.
Published: July 2021

Significance

In recent years, increasing effort has been made to study sensorimotor integration within the context of the animal’s body and the environment. However, it is challenging to collect neurophysiological data under naturalistic conditions, and simulations have become an important part of neuroscience research. We developed a simulation framework,
WHISKiT Physics
, to model the dynamics of a complete sensorimotor system—the rodent vibrissal array—operating under ethologically relevant conditions. The tight link between sensing and motor control and the discrete somatotopy throughout the sensory pathway make the vibrissal array ideal to study sensorimotor circuits.
WHISKiT Physics
makes this widely used model system accessible to sensory research as well as to other disciplines including information theory, reinforcement learning, and artificial intelligence.
Effect of Pt Interlayer on Low Resistivity Ohmic Contact to p-InP Layer and Its Optimization
Authors: Han Lili , Du Chunhua , Ma Ziguang , Jiang Yang , Xiong Kanglin , Wang Wenxin , Chen Hong , Deng Zhen , Jia Haiqiang
Published: July 2021

The contact characteristic between p-InP and metal plays an important role in InP-related optoelectronic and microelectronic device applications. We investigate the low-resistance Au/Pt/Ni and Au/Ni ohmic contacts to p-InP based on the solid phase regrowth principle. The lowest specific contact resistivity of Au(100 nm)/Pt(115 nm)/Ni (50 nm) can reach 2.64 × 10−6 Ω ⋅ cm2 after annealing at 380 °C for 1 min, while the contact characteristics of Au/Ni deteriorated after annealing from 340 °C to 480 °C for 1 min. The results of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the Pt layer is an important factor in improving the contact characteristics. The Pt layer prevents the diffusion of In and Au, inhibits the formation of Au3In metal compounds, and prevents the deterioration of the ohmic contact. The metal structures and optimized annealing process is expected to be helpful for obtaining high-performance InP-related devices.
Ultrasound scanner—Teaching tool
Authors: Zhao Xu , Hebden Jem , Yerworth Rebecca
Published: July 2021

Ultrasound imaging, one of the most widely used diagnostic modalities, anchors the fields of medicine, physics, and engineering. In university classrooms, however, ultrasound imaging is often taught passively with a lack of practical element as the clinical machines are not easily available and there are very few alternative teaching tools available on the market. As part of an undergraduate student project, we have developed a teaching toolkit featuring an inexpensive ultrasonic range finder to demonstrate the pulse-echo imaging process. The primary focus is the construction of equipment to enable known pedagogic principles (relating to active learning) to be applied to the subject area of ultrasound. Although operating at an acoustic frequency considerably lower than that employed clinically (and therefore achieving a much lower spatial resolution), the toolkit provides students with large observable effects while keeping cost to the minimum. Completed with an easy-to-use user interface and a set of carefully designed supplementary material (https://stacks.iop.org/EJP/42/055703/mmedia) including worksheets and lab technician guide, this toolkit aims to teach students the fundamental principles of ultrasound imaging via hands-on practice. We have designed it to be cheap, easy to set up, and portable. The effectiveness and impact of the toolkit were evaluated by ten undergraduate students who responded in the form of satisfaction questionnaires. To minimise the selection bias, we chose five students who had received no prior university-based instruction on ultrasound and five third-year biomedical engineering students who had learned about the topic previously. They demonstrated a strong interest in using the toolkit for a lab session and described it as user-friendly and highly engaging.
Global existence to a diagonal hyperbolic system for any BV initial data
Authors: Al Zohbi Maryam , El Hajj Ahmad , Jazar Mustapha
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for a diagonal hyperbolic system, that is not necessarily strictly hyperbolic, in one space dimension, considering discontinuous BV initial data without any restrictions on the size of its norm. This system appears naturally in various physical domains, particularly in isentropic gas dynamics and dislocation dynamics in materials. In the case of strictly hyperbolic systems, an existence and uniqueness of a discontinuous solution result is available for BV initial data with small norm, whereas several existence and uniqueness results have been presented for non-decreasing continuous solutions. In the present paper, we show the global in time existence of discontinuous viscosity solutions to a diagonal hyperbolic system for every initial data of bounded total variation, without the assumption that the system is strictly hyperbolic. Up to our knowledge, this is the first global existence result of large discontinuous solutions to this system.