bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Performance of the Compare II Leak Calibration System
Authors:   Sandia National Laboratories, Moss Timothy
Published: March 2022

The Compare II leak calibration system at Sandia National Laboratories has been used for the secondary calibration of leaks for over 30 years. This system calibrates leaks by the direct comparison of an unknown leak with a standard reference leak using a commercial leak detector. Over the years the leak detector remained the same but other components were changed such as replacing the oil diffusion pump with a turbomolecular pump, a new temperature chamber for the unknown leak, and using a molecular drag pump instead of a rotary vane pump. Testing on this system was conducted for two reasons. First was to determine the optimum operating conditions to enable this system to be used at peak efficiency. The second is this system is planned to be replaced with a newer system in the near future and this testing will help in determining the new system's requirements. Some of the tests, for example, was determining the time for the leak rate to stabilize when first installed on the system prior to calibration, and for the leak rate to stabilize when switching between the standard and unknown leak. Data for these and other tests conducted to optimize the performance of the Compare II leak calibration system are presented. The resulting improvements reduced calibration time from 9 hours to 5 hours and increased the number of leaks calibrated per week from 3 to 5, which significantly increased operational efficiency and reduced turnaround time for the customer.
Determination of the Blockage Effect on a Thermal Anemometer using a Small Open Jet Wind Tunnel
Authors:   Antech Calibration Services (a member of the Trescal group), Rickaby Stephen R.
Published: March 2022

When an object, specifically an anemometer, is presented before a small open jet wind tunnel the flow field will be altered deflecting the flow around the anemometer creating what is commonly known as the Blockage Effect. Directly comparing a thermal anemometer with a vane anemometer in the same flow field, the velocity measured by the thermal anemometer may be significantly different to that measured by the vane anemometer as a result of blockage. In this paper we consider the blockage created by a thermal anemometer. A simple mathematical model is derived to directly compare the thermal anemometer with a primary standard vane anemometer. The calibration results obtained are compared with those obtained by the manufacturer and an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory chosen as the Reference Laboratory for the purposes of the paper. We conclude with an analysis of the results, discussing the differences in the measured output and postulating how these results may be unified.
Uncertainty Analysis of an Electric Field Mill Calibration System
Authors:   Sandia National Laboratories, Auden Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Abstract: We present the uncertainty analysis for an electric field mill calibration system used at the Sandia Primary Standards Laboratory. The uncertainty analysis incorporates contributions from DC voltage supplied by a high voltage amplifier; the distance between an electrically isolated charge plate and the ground plate of a stainless steel test structure; type A measurement uncertainty; and uncertainty associated with operator variation, including cable arrangement, electrical connections, and the angle at which the field mill is loaded into the test structure.
Metrology Outreach and Training: A Fulbright Experience in Mexico
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Harris Georgia
Published: March 2022

2016 was an exciting year for international collaboration on metrology education and training. This paper provides a 3-part look at how a Fulbright Specialist grant supported collaboration between the United States and Mexico. Part 1 describes the experience of Georgia Harris (NIST)as a Fulbright Specialist, from the application process to the implementation activities in Mexico and shares insight about lessons learned and benefits to NIST. In Part 2, Flora Mercader and Adriana Veraza describe the application process within the University to obtain approvals for the grant, the implementation process, how additional parties were engaged for participation, some immediate benefits, some expected long-term impacts, and lessons learned. Part 3 includes Salvador Echeverria's description of CENAM’s involvement in the courses conducted at the University as well as the sessions held at CENAM, immediate benefits that were observed, and provides insight for ongoing collaboration for metrology education and training in Mexico. Recommendations and additional ideas for international collaboration and future work on measuring the impact of collaborative efforts are proposed.
The New ISO 17034 and Reference Material Producer Accreditation
Authors:   American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA), Carter Ashly
Published: March 2022

The paper is an introduction to the newly published ISO 17034 standard for Reference Material Producers and briefly describes the changes from ISO Guide 34 which it replaces. The paper includes a brief summary of the supporting guides associated with ISO 17034 which includes the definitions in ISO Guide 30, the requirements for statistical methods in ISO Guide 35, and the requirements for descriptive information in ISO Guide 31 related to reference material certificates, labels and supporting documentation. The paper will explain the accreditation process for Reference Material Producers and emphasize the importance of the requirements of the standard in regards to elements such as establishing metrological traceability, ensuring homogeneity and stability of the reference material, and assigning the values and associated uncertainties of the reference material. The paper also describes what a user of reference materials should consider when choosing an appropriate reference material and reviewing the supporting documentation. For example, is a certified reference material needed or is a reference material needed? What is the difference, and what sort of documentation should I expect for the different types of reference materials? In the end, the reader will walk away with a better understanding of the requirements associated with reference material producer accreditation to ISO 17034 and a better understanding of what to look for when choosing and using reference materials.
Reducing Measurement Uncertainty Using a Smoothing Spline
Authors:   Keysight Technologies, Dobbert Michael
Published: March 2022

When calibrating Measuring and Test Equipment (M&TE) it is often necessary to measure various points across a range. Random measurement errors can lead to noisy observations that are apparent when viewing the measurement results on a line graph. Making repeated measurements and averaging reduces the noise, but at the cost of increased measurement time. However, multiple observations are already available as a result of measuring across the range. A smoothing spline uses a spline function to fit a smoothed curve to the noisy observations producing results with less noise. The smoothing spline can be used without incurring additional measurement time. To evaluate the impact of smoothing on the uncertainty, a receiver linearity measurement was repeated fifty times, and the mean and Type A uncertainty determined. These statistics were then compared to the mean and Type A uncertainty of the smoothed data. The Type A uncertainty of the smoothed data was less than the uncertainty of the original observations by as much as fifty percent.
New NATO Standard ALogP-33 NATO Requirements for Calibration Support of Test & Measurement Equipment
Authors:   Technical Center for Information Technology and Electronics, Germany, Mihm Gerhard
Published: March 2022

resources and to provide calibration services consistent with ISO 17025 the International Military Metrology conference on behalf of NATO Conference of National Armament Directors set up a series of new NATO Standard for calibration requirements AlogP-33 "NATO REQUIREMENTS FOR CALIBRATION SUPPORT OF TEST & MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT" with new format for calibration certificates, new calibration label and methods used to determine the appropriate calibration intervals of test & measurement equipment. The presentation, reflecting the content of ALogP-33, details the creation and need for the new calibration certificate but also the responsibility of the owner of test & measurement equipment and of the service provider. Within ALogP-33.2 methods used to determine the appropriate calibration interval, based on RP-1, puts the burden on the owner of the test & measurement equipment to include the environmental condition of the test & measurement equipment used.
The Principles of Evaluating the Economic Feasibility of Expenses for the Creation and Maintenance of the National Measurement Standards at the Required Level
Authors:   National Scientific Centre, Institute of Metrology, Ukraine, Neyezhmakov Pavel
Published: March 2022

In the recent years, the problem of evaluation of the economic feasibility of investments in the development of international and national metrology infrastructures has become the target of intensive research in many countries of the world. Particular attention is paid to the justification of the best option from the economic point of view of creating and maintaining(operating) at the proper level the top element of the metrology system of a certain country -the national measurement standards. The purpose of the present paper is the further development of the approach proposed in the NSC "Institute of Metrology", that is based on comparing the expenses for transfer the required accuracy of reproduction of the units of physical quantities (PhQ), depending on where PhQ is reproduced: by the national primary measurement standard or foreign one. New versions of algorithms for evaluating the economic feasibility of creating (improving) and maintaining the national primary measurement standards at the required level are considered, taking into account the need for their international recognition (the need for participation in international comparisons), the previously developed algorithms have been modified to take into account the influence of inflation processes on the economic indicators of metrological activity.
Influence of Micro-Environmental Design with Partial Air Conditioning on Mass and Heat Transfer in Greenhouses
Authors:   Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Taiwan, Shaw Jiunn-Haur
Published: March 2022

Extreme weather has becomes a thorny issue across the world. In agriculture, greenhouse is not only providing suitable living environment in bitter winter but also in hot summer for various kinds of crops. In the subtropical zone, using air conditioning is one of effective cooling methods, but also brings high power consumption and cost. Actually growing conditions for crops are influenced by micro climate hydrodynamic phenomena with small-scale convection. The heat-transfer of traditional air conditioning is convection through bulk cold air flow and diffusing into local growth zone. Thus, it was found drawbacks with low efficiency and high energy-consumption problems. In this presentation, the partial air conditioning with micro-environment design was proposed, and the micro climate phenomena of small-scale heat and mass transfer were also discussed. The concept of micro-environment design is to confine the cold air flow from air conditioning system and covering plant growth zone to generate an optimal environment with high uniformity and less energy-consumption. The micro-environment, design with partial air conditioning induces the small-scale flow fluctuation and contributes to rapid transfer of heat and mass in small-scales, and enhance energy efficiency. The partial air conditioning design concept could be applied with multitudinous crops, and strawberry is chosen in this study.
O USO DO JARDIM SENSORIAL COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGOGICA NA INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM TDAH
Authors: Carvalho Milena Amzalak de
Published: March 2022

Este projeto trata da importância da inclusão de jovens com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade nas escolas e de iniciativas que podem fazer despertar os sentidos pouco explorados em cada um dos alunos. Em um contexto de prática pedagógica cada vez mais preocupada com a acumulação de conhecimentos padronizados e quantificáveis, crianças e adolescentes que possuem esse ou algum outro tipo de transtorno do desenvolvimento acabam experimentando a exclusão diariamente em sala de aula. Considerando que essas crianças precisam de atividades que partam de direcionamentos distintos do padrão, este trabalho de pesquisa parte da hipótese de que os jardins sensoriais podem ser considerados ambientes não formais de aprendizagem que possibilitam oportunidades mais igualitárias aos jovens com TDAH, pois estimulam sua percepção por intermédio da natureza. O objetivo é promover a inclusão desses alunos em atividades em que possam interagir com os demais colegas ao mesmo tempo em que aprendem a lidar com a consciência ambiental. Espera-se que a estimulação promova nos jovens o compartilhamento, a troca de saberes, visando prepará-los para o convívio em uma sociedade menos preconceituosa.
O USO DA MECANOTERAPIA NA PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS
Authors: Guimarães Lauro Mendonça , Borges Natanne Maria Da Silva Vieira , Cabral Fernando Duarte
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo objetivou analisar os benefícios da mecanoterapia relacionado a prevenção de quedas em idosos, visando identificar que forma a mecanoterapia pode contribuir na prevenção de quedas em idosos. Uma vez que, a mecanoterapia é uma técnica que visa melhorar o fortalecimento e resistência muscular, mediante o uso de dispositivos mecânicos fisioterapêuticos, para a melhora na qualidade de vida e prevenindo os riscos de quedas e lesões. A abordagem metodologia ocorreu na revisão bibliográfica, sendo uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, buscou-se nas bases de dados virtuais como, Google acadêmico, Scielo, Hearth Sciences e no acervo da biblioteca universitária, usando o descritor: mecanoterapia, fisioterapia, quedas e idosos. Observou-se nas literaturas uma diversidade significativa de aparelho mecânicos para a utilização de profissionais ao desenvolverem a mecanoterapia, que estas são ferramentas importantes utilizadas em seu cotidiano clínico, mas a eficácia no resultado terá maior probabilidade de ser alcançada se profissional fisioterapeuta estiver sempre em constante lapidação de seus saberes e técnicas, sendo indispensável nesta ação preventiva.
Radiation correction and uncertainty evaluation of RS41 temperature sensors by using an upper-air simulator
Authors: Lee Sang-Wook , Kim Sunghun , Lee Young-Suk , Choi Byung Il , Kang Woong , Oh Youn Kyun , Park Seongchong , Yoo Jae-Keun , Lee Joohyun , Lee Sungjun , Kwon Suyong , Kim Yong-Gyoo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. An upper-air simulator (UAS) has been developed at the
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) to study the
effects of solar irradiation of commercial radiosondes. In this study, the
uncertainty in the radiation correction of a Vaisala RS41 temperature sensor is evaluated using the UAS at KRISS. First, the effects of environmental parameters including the temperature (T), pressure (P), ventilation speed (v), and irradiance (S) are formulated in the context of the radiation correction. The considered ranges of T, P, and v are −67 to 20 ∘C, 5–500 hPa, and 4–7 m s−1, respectively, with a fixed S0=980 W m−2. Second, the uncertainties in the
environmental parameters determined using the UAS are evaluated to calculate their contribution to the uncertainty in the radiation correction. In addition, the effects of rotation and tilting of the sensor boom with respect to the irradiation direction are investigated. The uncertainty in the radiation correction is obtained by combining the contributions of all uncertainty factors. The expanded uncertainty associated with the radiation-corrected temperature of the RS41 is 0.17 ∘C at the coverage factor k=2 (approximately 95 % confidence level). The findings obtained by reproducing the environment of the upper air by using the ground-based facility can provide a basis to increase the measurement accuracy of radiosondes within the framework of traceability to the International System of Units.
Soil respiration database at different time scales in forest ecosystems across China
Authors: Sun Hongru , Xu Zhenzhu , Jia Bingrui
Published: March 2022

Abstract. China’s forests rank fifth in the world by area and cover a broad climatic gradient from cold-temperate to tropical zones, and play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Studies on forest soil respiration (Rs) are increasing rapidly in China over the last two decades, but the resulting Rs data need to be summarized. Here, we compile a comprehensive database of Rs in China’s undisturbed forest ecosystems from literature published up to December 31, 2018, including monthly Rs and the concurrently measured soil temperature (N = 8317), mean monthly Rs (N = 5003), and annual Rs (N = 634). Detailed plot information was also recorded, such as geographical location, climate factors, stand characteristics, and measurement description. We examine some aspects of the database – Rs equations fitted with soil temperature, temperature sensitivity (Q10), monthly variations and annual effluxes in cold-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical zones. We hope the database will be used by the science community to provide a better understanding of carbon cycle in China's forest ecosystems and reduce uncertainty in evaluating of carbon budget at the large scale. The database is publicly available at https://www.pangaea.de/tok/788910d8d3ae0a415c7bad2e7025a3f16f042a1b (Sun et al. 2021).
Multiple same-level and telescoping nesting in GFDL's dynamical core
Authors: Mouallem Joseph , Harris Lucas , Benson Rusty
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Two way multiple same-level and telescoping grid nesting capabilities are implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)’s Finite-Volume Cubed Sphere Dynamical core (FV3). Simulations are performed within GFDL’s System for High-resolution modeling for Earth-to-Local Domains (SHiELD) using global and regional multiple nests configuration. Results show that multiple same level and multi-level telescoping nests were able capture various weather events in greater details by resolving smaller scale flow structures. Two-way updates do not introduce numerical errors in their corresponding parent grids where the nests are located. The cases of Hurricane Laura’s landfall and an atmospheric river in California were found to be more intense with increased levels of telescoping nesting. All nested grids run concurrently and adding additional nests with computer cores to a setup do not degrade the computational performance nor increase the simulation run time if the cores are optimally distributed among the grids
Quantifying input uncertainty in the calibration of water quality models: reordering errors via the secant method
Authors: Wu Xia , Marshall Lucy , Sharma Ashish
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Uncertainty in input can significantly impair parameter
estimation in water quality modeling, necessitating the accurate quantification of input errors. However, decomposing the input error from the model residual error is still challenging. This study develops a new algorithm, referred to as the Bayesian Error Analysis with Reordering (BEAR), to address this problem. The basic approach requires sampling errors from a pre-estimated error distribution and then reordering them with their inferred ranks via the secant method. This approach is demonstrated in the case of total suspended solids (TSSs) simulation via a conceptual water quality model. Based on case studies using synthetic data, the BEAR method successfully improves the input error identification and parameter estimation by introducing the error rank estimation and the error position reordering. The results of a real case study demonstrate that, even with the presence of model structural error and output data error, the BEAR method can approximate the true input and bring a better model fit through an effective input modification. However, its effectiveness depends on the accuracy and selection of the input error model. The application of the BEAR method in TSS simulation can be extended to other water quality models.
Extrapolating continuous vegetation water content to understand sub-daily backscatter variations
Authors: Vermunt Paul C. , Steele-Dunne Susan C. , Khabbazan Saeed , Judge Jasmeet , van de Giesen Nick C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Microwave observations are sensitive to vegetation water content (VWC). Consequently, the increasing temporal and spatial resolution of spaceborne microwave observations creates a unique opportunity to study vegetation water dynamics and its role in the diurnal water cycle. However, we currently have a limited understanding of sub-daily variations in the VWC and how they affect microwave observations. This is partly due to the challenges associated with measuring internal VWC for validation, particularly non-destructively, and at timescales of less than a day. In this study, we aimed to (1) use field sensors to reconstruct diurnal and continuous records of internal VWC of corn and (2) use these records to interpret the sub-daily behaviour of a 10 d time series of polarimetric L-band backscatter with high temporal resolution. Sub-daily variations in internal VWC were calculated based on the cumulative difference between estimated transpiration and sap flow rates at the base of the stems. Destructive samples were used to constrain the estimates and for validation. The inclusion of continuous surface canopy water estimates (dew or interception) and surface soil moisture allowed us to attribute hour-to-hour backscatter dynamics either to internal VWC, surface canopy water, or soil moisture variations. Our results showed that internal VWC varied by 10 %–20 % during the day in non-stressed conditions, and the effect on backscatter was significant. Diurnal variations in internal VWC and nocturnal dew formation affected vertically polarized backscatter most. Moreover, multiple linear regression suggested that the diurnal cycle of VWC on a typical dry day leads to a 2 (HH, horizontally, and cross-polarized) to almost 4 (VV, vertically, polarized) times higher diurnal backscatter variation than the soil moisture drydown does. These results demonstrate that radar observations have the potential to provide unprecedented insight into the role of vegetation water dynamics in land–atmosphere interactions at sub-daily timescales.
La noción de vocación: llamada universal de Dios, relato del hombre
Authors: Boureaux Christophe
Published: March 2022

Tras una precisión de vocabulario sobre los conceptos vocación, elección, predestinación y sus diferencias en el mundo contemporáneo y en la Biblia, se detiene en precisar quién es el elegido y los peligroso de sentirse "único" por la elección. A continuación nos recuerda la vocación universal. Introduce el símil "vocación creación", invita a desterrar el subjetivismo de la misma, ya que la vocación cristiana del hombre es una manera de situar su existencia bajo la mirada de Dios.
Teaching time series analysis using COVID-19 data in Southeast Europe
Authors: Lozanov-Crvenković Zagorka , Nikolić Đorić Emilija , Dumičić Ksenija , Novkovska Blagica
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed our world affected the health, economy, and all activities of the world population and yet it produced interesting time series, suitable as examples in teaching statistics. Relevant and real-world data such as these can be used in a classroom to stimulate the learning of important statistical concepts, such as time series analysis, and make statistics more interesting and exciting. Here, we consider an approach to guide some stages of time series learning. With COVID-19 data from three countries from Southeast Europe we illustrate several stages of time series analysis.
Watching Hands Shuffle Data Improves Subsequent Understanding of R-Based Simulations of Randomness
Authors:   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Zhang Icy(Yunyi) , Tucker Mary C. ,   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Stigler James W. ,   Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
Published: March 2022

Simulation can be a powerful tool for teaching and learning statistics. Yet, students often struggle to understand the processes that underlie computer-based simulation activities. Recently, researchers have tried pairing computer-based simulation with more concrete, hands-on experiences to make simulation-processes more evident, but only in settings where students perform the hands-on simulation themselves. In this research, we ask whether manual simulation is necessary. Participants who were introduced to the shuffle function by watching a video of a hands-on activity before watching a video of live-coding performed better in a posttest than participants who were introduced to the shuffle function by watching an instructor write and run some R code and explain what that code did. This study provides pedagogical and practical insights into the use of hands-on demonstrations to complement computer simulation in remote teaching.
Active Online; Not Actively Learning
Authors:   The University of Auckland, New Zealand, Renelle Amy , Budgett Stephanie ,   The University of Auckland, New Zealand, Jones Rhys ,   The University of Surrey, United Kingdom
Published: March 2022

Imagine, a keen university tutor, excited to help revamp the statistics tutorials for a first-year course into one focused on student-led learning… only to need to rapidly adjust to online teaching thanks to Covid-19. I have been involved in small-class tutorials for two first-year university courses (150 and 2000 students each), with a few modes of learning implemented – in-person, compulsory and non-compulsory tutorials, asynchronous peer discussion videos and tutor videos, as well as live online tutorials. Covid-19 highlighted difficulties implementing active learning in an online environment. With reduced attendance, blank screens, and silence in response to questions, motivating students to actively learn proved difficult. While the adoption of online teaching required rapid adjustments, we can now make improvements to help maintain quality teaching and social connection within our classes. It is important we spend time investigating how to better encourage active learning, with empirical evidence needed to guide future practices.
What can statistics education offer to data science?
Authors: von Bing Yap
Published: March 2022

Data science relies heavily on statistical ideas, though it seems more concerned with prediction than statistics, which is more focused on modeling the data production process. This article will argue that the data scientist will do well to pay more attention to the likely disconnect between the chosen statistical model and the process it tries to emulate. Three learning goals are proposed and illustrated with elementary examples to help students grasp the idea. The disconnect is relevant to the replication crisis, yet is inadequately discussed in statistical communities. The lessons here are applicable to the education of statisticians.
How much students value an introductory statistics course, how value levels change across the term, and how they predict learning
Authors:   University of Virginia, USA, Sutter Claudia C. ,   University of California, Los Angeles, USA, Tucker Mary ,   University of California, Los Angeles, USA, Givvin Karen ,   University of California, Los Angeles, USA, Hulleman Chris S. ,   University of Virginia, USA
Published: March 2022

Motivational processes are a promising avenue for addressing concerns related to interest, persistence, engagement, and learning in STEM courses. We examined changes in utility value in an introductory statistics course overall, by sex and underrepresented racial minority (URM) and tested the relationship between utility value and learning. Data were collected from 810 students, including their perceived utility value of the course, quiz scores, and course grades. Utility value declined from the beginning to the middle of the course. Significant differences were found by URM status, but not by sex. While URM students continued to experience a decline towards the end of the course, White and Asian students did not. Students’ utility value (t3) and their formative assessments (t2 and t3) predicted their final grade. The findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of short-term relationships between motivation, learning, and performance as well as the ongoing concern for underrepresented groups in STEM.
Integrating Community-Engaged Work into the Data Science Curriculum
Authors:   St. Catherine University, Fry Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Community-engaged learning bridges course content with practical applications and allows students to apply learning in meaningful ways that contribute to social good. At St. Catherine University, community-engaged learning has been implemented in two undergraduate courses in data science and statistics at different levels. At the introductory level, students in a data visualization course used data from their community to explore long-term impacts of racially restrictive covenants that historically reserved land for the exclusive use of white people in the United States. Students in more advanced quantitative courses participated in two interdisciplinary data analysis events. In these events, students explored and analyzed large datasets in partnership with organizers in our local county to make policy recommendations for boosting economic mobility from poverty and work for racial equity in the county. This paper describes these community-engaged projects, summarizes student reception and takeaways, and provides some lessons learned and ideas for future work.
Improving social and conceptual connections during remote statistics classes
Authors:   University of California, Los Angeles, Davis Caylor R. , Givvin Karen ,   San Mateo High School, Hwang Jinna ,   California State University, Los Angeles, Son Ji Y.
Published: March 2022

Remote instruction lacks shared physical space and physical social presence. This can make it difficult to incorporate embodied learning techniques, which have been shown to strengthen learning outcomes, into our lessons, and can make it difficult to feel socially connected to peers. We propose that incorporating embodiment into a synchronous lesson by engaging students in a physical task using a shared set of materials can help strengthen social and conceptual connections. We outline a high school statistics lesson on measurement error that involves building a popsicle stick catapult and measuring gummy bear launch distances. We distributed a set of all the necessary materials to the students at the start of the course. The activity simulated a sense of shared space and brought about multimodal learning and shared physical experiences. We witnessed enhanced joint attention, the development of physically grounded understanding, and increased engagement.
What makes data science education unique?: A literature review
Authors:   Okayama University of Science, Japan, Fukuda Hiroto
Published: March 2022

Although data science education research has been accumulating, the meaning of data science itself in such research is varied, as there is no common definition. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the several characteristics that make data science education unique. Through a review of previous studies on data science education, it was clarified that the definition of ‘data science in data science education’ is multifaceted, moreover, there is no mention of the meaning of ‘data science education’. This paper attempts to explore this challenge and discusses the statistical inquiry cycle, PPDAC cycle (Problem – Plan – Data – Analysis - Conclusion) (Wild & Pfannkuch, 1999) as a theoretical framework for this purpose. As a result, the several characteristics are as follows: trans-scientific problems (Problem), interdisciplinary approach (Plan), big data (Data), technology use & teamwork (Analysis), and fruitful disagreement (Conclusion).
Computational Essays as an Approach for Reproducible Data Analysis in lower Secondary School
Authors: Hüsing Sven , Podworny Susanne
Published: March 2022

Data Science has become an increasingly important aspect of our everyday lives as we gain a lot of different insights from data analyses, for example in the context of environmental issues. In order to make the process of data analyses comprehensible for lower secondary school students, we developed a data analysis project for computer science classes, focusing on gaining insights from environmental data by using the concept of epistemic programming. In this article, we report on the second implementation of this project, which was conducted in a ninth-grade computer science class. Concretely, we want to examine, how far the students were able to create computational essays to conduct reproducible data analyses on their own. In this regard, the computational essays created with the help of the professional tool Jupyter Notebooks will be examined in terms of aspects of reproducibility.
Municipalismo como radicalización democrática del territorio. Un análisis histórico crítico de experiencias contemporáneas de gobernanza local
Authors: Caamaño López Alejandro
Published: March 2022

La crisis económica de 2008 ha generado una crisis orgánica que cuestiona las bases del régimen constitucional de 1978, enraizado en una lógica autoritaria del Estado español del XIX y el absolutismo, que nunca ha abandonado. Ha dado lugar a iniciativas políticas de carácter municipalista con raíz inmediata en movilizaciones sociales originadas en el 15M, y diversos procesos de movilización social, como el llamado procés. El objetivo general de esta investigación consistirá en una interpretación crítica fundamentada en los principios de la economía política crítica disruptiva donde presentar el génesis de la lógica municipalista. Para ello, nos centraremos en el análisis de estas propuestas que han llegado a constituir actores determinantes en la constitución de nuevos gobiernos locales, a través de la revisión y selección de referencias bibliográficas relativas al estudio de los distintos enfoques teóricos referentes al municipalismo.
A valorização social do professor e seu impacto na formação da identidade docente: um estudo analítico
Authors: Mendes Brenda Raíza Domingos , Marcolino Kessy Eduarda Aparecida , Araújo Roberta Negrão de
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo tem a finalidade de apresentar a percepção de professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em relação à sua identidade docente, bem como a forma como a comunidade de seu entorno compreende este profissional: valorizando-o ou não. O referencial teórico seguiu as considerações de Charlot (2000); Pimenta (1999), Nóvoa (1997) e Tardif (2002), entre outros. Foram coletados dados por meio de dois instrumentos: entrevistas com professores e questionários respondidos pelas famílias. Tais dados constituíram o corpus de análise, por meio de abordagem qualitativa. O estudo aponta o modo como muitos docentes destacam o aspecto do sacerdócio da docência. O artigo está dividido em três seções: (1) a constituição da identidade docente; (2) as formas de valorização do professor, com ênfase na valorização social e (3) apresentação e análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a desvalorização social do professor é proveniente de um contexto histórico que considera a profissão docente relacionada à vocação, o que interfere na construção da identidade deste profissional.
Aprendiendo la física por medio de experimentos: un acercamiento a la física en el Resguardo Indígena Misak
Authors: Villota Enríquez Jakeline Amparo , Villota Enríquez Maribel
Published: March 2022

Este artículo analiza el proceso de aprendizaje de la física a través de los proyectos desarrollados por los estudiantes de Educación Media utilizando el laboratorio didáctico. El contexto donde se realizó este estudio fue la Institución Educativa Agropecuaria Misak, ubicada en el Municipio de Silvia en el Departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Los participantes fueron dieciocho estudiantes de Educación Media de edades entre los 15-17 años, los cuales fueron organizados en tres grupos. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa descriptiva, abordándose la recolección de datos a través de la observación participantes donde se utilizó grabaciones (videos-audios), fotos y cuadernos de campo. La observación participante se describe mediante cuatro etapas: 1) planeación, 2) desarrollo, 3) construcción y 4) socialización. Los resultados muestran que la utilización del laboratorio didáctico promueve la apropiación de los conceptos de la física mediante el desarrollo de proyectos fortaleciendo el aprendizaje significativo y generando relaciones entre los conocimientos ancestrales, conocimientos universales y conocimientos previos de los estudiantes. Adicionalmente, se presentan tres proyectos desarrollados por los estudiantes, tales como: molino del pueblo, la chiva y la lámpara, los cuales denotan objetos representativos culturalmente y tradicionalmente en la comunidad indígena Misak.
Saudação ao Acadêmico José Rodrigues Coura em sua Sessão da Saudade na Academia Nacional de Medicina, em 8 de junho de 2021
Authors: Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu
Published: March 2022

Obrigado Senhor Presidente Acadêmico Rubens Belfort Mattos Filho, por me designar como um dos Acadêmicos honrados com a incumbência de saudar o estimado Acadêmico José Rodrigues Coura, que nos deixa para entrar na Imortalidade.
Discurso de Luiz Augusto de Freitas Pinheiro em sua Cerimônia de Posse como Honorário Nacional da Academia Nacional de Medicina
Authors: Freitas Pinheiro Luiz Augusto
Published: March 2022

Exmo. Sr. Presidente da Academia Nacional de Medicina, Prof. Dr. Rubens Belfort Júnior, cumprimentando-o saúdo a todos os membros desta Academia: Titulares, Eméritos, Honorários, Beneméritos e aos funcionários.
Some new generalizations for exponentially (s, m)-preinvex functions considering generalized fractional integral operators
Authors: Safdar Farhat , Attique Muhammad
Published: March 2022

The generalized fractional integral has been one of the most useful operators for modelling non-local behaviors by fractional differential equations. It is considered, for several integral inequalities by introducing the concept of exponentially (s, m)-preinvexity. These variants derived via an extended Mittag-Leffler function based on boundedness, continuity and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities. The consequences associated with fractional integral operators are more general and also present the results for convexity theory. Moreover, we point out that the variants are useful in solving the problems of science, engineering and technology where the Mittag-Leffler function occurs naturally.
Trends in incidence, molecular diagnostics, and treatment of patients with breast cancer in Kazakhstan, 2014-2019
Authors: Shatkovskaya O. , Kaidarova D. , Dushimova Z. , Sagi M. , Abdrakhmanov R.
Published: March 2022

Relevance: Globocan reported 4,390 new breast cancer cases and 1,654 deaths from breast cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) in 2020. Molecular diagnostics of breast cancer includes the determination of Hormone Receptor (HR), HER2, and Ki-67 status to detect patients
with HR-positive tumors and administer effective treatment.
Methods: This observational study included a retrospective analysis of incidence, molecular diagnostics, and treatment regimens in women with a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis aged 18 years old and older, registered in the RK Electronic Registry of Cancer Patients (ERCP) from 1 January 2014 till 31 December 2019.
Results: In the study period (2014 to 2019), the number of breast cancer cases registered annually has doubled. The incidence increased by 46.9%. The share of locally advanced and advanced forms of breast cancer has decreased. The proportion of Luminal type A (HR+/HER2-)
among newly diagnosed patients ranged from 17.9% to 30%. Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy with goserelin, buserelin, leuprorelin, and fulvestrant are standard first- and second-line treatments for HR+ breast cancer. Since fulvestrant indications have been expanded, more
than 50% of patients with HR-positive advanced breast cancer receive fulvestrant as the first-line therapy.
Conclusion: Breast cancer incidence growth and a decrease in the share of locally advanced and advanced breast cancer cases in the RK could be attributed to increased coverage of eligible women aged 40 to 70 with breast cancer mammographic screening. Although international guidelines support the administration of hormone therapy with or without targeted therapy in women with HR-positive, HER2-metastatic breast cancer, upfront use of chemotherapy remains common in the RK even in the absence of visceral crisis. The use of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with hormone therapy has become routinely available since 2019
p53 and EGFR gene mutations in malignant tumors of the lung
Authors: Yermekova S. , Orazgaliyeva M. , Goncharova T. , Rakhimbekova F. , Serik E.
Published: March 2022

Relevance: Increased incidence of lung cancer globally and in Kazakhstan, lack of screening in hereditary cases, high mortality, and low survival of patients necessitate the study of the molecular genetic causes of the disease. At present, gene mutation studies for lung cancer diagnostics are expanding. However, many gene mutations revealed remain undercovered in the
scientific literature, and there is not enough data on their prognostic and diagnostic value.
The purpose of the study was to discover the specifics of the р53 gene mutations and reveal the EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R mutations in malignant tumors of the lung of various histogenesis.
Methods: The mutations were studied in tumors (200 samples) and adjacent tissue (200 samples) of patients with lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, and EcoR1- and Pst1-restriction of samples after p53 gene fragments and cDNA amplification and mRNA revertase treatment. Another 263 lung cancer samples were evaluated by real-time PCR for EGFR exon 19 deletions and EGFR exon 21
L858R mutations.
Results: The p53 gene was not expressed in 50% of SCC and adenocarcinoma of the lung samples. Restriction revealed p53 mRNA mutations in 100% of SCC and 75% of ADC samples. p53 exon-intron 5-6 was mutated in 50% of ADC and 70% of SCC samples, exon-intron 7-9 – in 60% of SCC cases. EGFR exons 19 and 21 mutations found in 65 of 263 lung tumor samples were associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Conclusion: The p53 gene mutations revealed in most samples of SCC and ADC of the lung could be used to diagnose lung cancer and predict its severity. The identified EGFR mutations allow predicting the effectiveness of targeted therapy.
Analysis of main statistical indicators of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Alimov J. , Karimova N.
Published: March 2022

Relevance: According to GLOBOCAN data for 2020, oral and pharyngeal cancer ranked 25th in mortality (98 412 cases, 0.5% of all cancer deaths) and 26th in the number of diagnosed new cases (48 143 cases, 0.5% of all new cancer cases) in the world. Oral and pharyngeal cancer
incidence is growing steadily globally and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Oral and pharyngeal cancer ranks 16th in the structure of cancer incidence in the Republic of Uzbekistan, with a rate of 1.8 per 100 000 people.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the main statistical indicators for tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2015-2021.
Methods: We analyzed the main statistical indicators for tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2015-2020 obtained from the Reporting Form #7 “Information about malignant neoplasms cases.”
Results: Over the past six years, the incidence rate per 100,000 people has increased from 1.4 in 2015 to 1.8 in 2020. In 2015-2020, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2,240 patients died from malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity and pharynx. The mortality rate per 100,000 people
decreased from 1.4 in 2015 to 1.2 in 2020.
Conclusions: Tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx rank 16th in the structure of cancer incidence in the Republic of Uzbekistan and tend to grow. A recent increase in oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and its late detection could be explained by worsening detection and diagnostics. The stabilization of oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality results in socio-economic losses for the Republic. The provided statistical data is the basis for improving the indicators of incidence and mortality related to oral and pharyngeal cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın Huzur’unda Otobiyografik Açılımlar
Authors: KÖKER Saniye
Published: March 2022

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’ın Huzur romanı, yazarın yaşamından önemli izler taşımaktadır. Bu izler özellikle romanın kahramanlarında, mekânlarında, izleksel kurgusunda oldukça belirgindir. Ancak Huzur, otobiyografik romanlarda bulunması gereken özelliklere bütünüyle sahip değildir. Bu özelliklerin başında yazar-anlatıcı özdeşliği gelir. İkinci olarak anlatıcı birinci tekil şahsıyla (ben) konuşmalıdır. Üçüncü olarak da yazar, anlatısını gerçek yaşamına dayandırmalıdır yani kendi öz yaşam öyküsünü anlatmalıdır. Bütün bu özelliklerin Huzur’da olmaması Huzur’u otobiyografik roman kategorisinden ayırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Huzur, yazarın gerçek yaşamı ile ilgili önemli ayrıntılara da vermektedir. Tanpınar, romanını gerçek yaşamına dayandırmış fakat gerçeğe bağlı kalmadan anlatmıştır. Kurgusal bir hikâyeye kendinden ilham alan karakterler eklemiş ve bu karakterleri yeri geldikçe kendisinin vekili olarak sunmuştur. Tanpınar kendi duygu, düşünce ve yaşantılarını vekili konumunda olan kişiler vasıtasıyla romanda dile getirmiştir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı Huzur, doğrudan otobiyografik bir roman olarak değil, otobiyografik açılımlar sergileyen bir roman şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Bu çalışmada Tanpınar’ın gerçek yaşamı referans alınarak bu yaşamın Huzur romanındaki yansımaları değerlendirilecek ve bu bağlamda romanın otobiyografik kimliği irdelenecektir.