bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Prisoners' Lives Matter? Examining the Intersection of Punitive Policies, Racial Disparities and COVID-19 as State Organized Race Crime
Authors: Bradshaw Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2021

Numerous Michigan prisons emerged as national hotspots early in the coronavirus crisis. Once the virus entered the prisons, key actions and inaction by Michigan Department of Corrections and Governor Gretchen Whitmer allowed COVID-19 to flourish unabated, resulting in unnecessary infection and death; a form of cruel and unusual punishment. The callous neglect of the human rights of prisoners during the pandemic is not new, but rather the result of decades of punitive sentencing policies that disproportionately target people of colour. Through a case study examination of early coronavirus outbreaks in Michigan prisons, this paper will consider how Truth in Sentencing legislation, increasingly long prison sentences and declining parole rates, helped set the stage for coronavirus to spread, disproportionately harming Black and elderly prisoners. As the intersecting crises of coronavirus and mass incarceration exemplify, state crime scholars can no longer ignore the state-organized race crime occurring behind prison walls.
Maryland model in optical waveguide lattices
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: January 2021

The Maryland model was introduced more than 30 years ago as an integrable model of localization by aperiodic order. Even though it is quite popular and is rich with fascinating mathematical properties, this model has so far remained quite artificial, as compared to other models displaying dynamical localization like the periodically kicked quantum rotator or the Aubry–André model. Here we suggest that light propagation in a polygonal optical waveguide lattice provides a photonic realization of the Maryland model and enables us to observe a main prediction of this model, namely fragility of wave localization in the commensurate potential limit.
Backscattering in antiresonant hollow-core fibers: over 40  dB lower than in standard optical fibers
Authors: Michaud-Belleau V. , Numkam Fokoua E. , Bradley T. D. , Hayes J. R. , Chen Y. , Poletti F. , Richardson D. J. , Genest J. , Slavík R.
Published: January 2021

The elastic backscattering of light in optical fiber is a fundamental phenomenon that sets the ultimate performance of several fiber systems such as gyroscopes and bidirectional transfer links. Until now, efforts to reduce the backscattering coefficient have yielded limited results, with the lowest value sitting at around

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76

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m

in Ge-free silica-core fiber at 1.55 µm. Here, we present what we believe to be the first measurement of backscattering from a low-loss antiresonant hollow-core fiber and show that it is more than 40 dB below reported values in silica-core fiber and hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. The record-low level of

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118

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m

measured with our custom-built optical frequency-domain reflectometer is in good agreement with simulations in which we assume the scattering to originate from the intrinsic surface roughness. Our demonstration also shows that a tailored instrument can localize and quantify weak faults within a hollow-core fiber, enabling its detailed characterization.
High-power SOA-integrated EADFB laser for long-reach passive optical network systems
Authors: Chen Mingchen , Shindo Takahiko , Kanazawa Shigeru , Nakanishi Yasuhiko , Kanda Atsushi , Yoshimatsu Toshihide , Sano Kimikazu
Published: January 2021

A high-power optical transmitter module based on an SOA-assisted extended-reach EADFB laser (AXEL) chip was developed at a wavelength of 1.49 µm to improve the loss budget of current passive optical access networks. The fiber-coupled output power of the modulated signal is 10 dBm owing to the post-amplification effect of the integrated SOA with an extinction ratio of 10 dB. Fiber transmission was demonstrated at data rates of 1.25 and 2.5 Gbit/s, assuming GE-PON and G-PON downstream signals, respectively. Error-free transmission over 100-km fiber was achieved with loss budgets of 46 and 43 dB at 1.25 and 2.5 Gbit/s, respectively.
Comparing long-term value creation after biotech and non-biotech IPOs, 1997–2016
Authors: Cleary Ekaterina Galkina , McNamee Laura M. , de Boer Skyler , Holden Jeremy , Fitzgerald Liam , Ledley Fred D.
Published: January 2021

We compared the financial performance of 319 BIOTECH companies focused on developing therapeutics with IPOs from 1997–2016, to that of paired, non-biotech CONTROL companies with concurrent IPO dates. BIOTECH companies had a distinctly different financial structure with high R&D expense, little revenue, and negative profits (losses), but a similar duration of listing on public markets and frequency of acquisitions. Through 2016, BIOTECH and CONTROL companies had equivalent growth in market cap and shareholder value (>$100 billion), but BIOTECH companies had lower net value creation ($93 billion vs $411 billion). Both cohorts exhibited a high-risk/high reward pattern of return, with the majority losing value, but many achieving growth multiples. While investments in biotechnology are often considered to be distinctively risky, we conclude that value creation by biotech companies after IPO resembles that of non-biotech companies at a similar stage and does not present a disproportionate investment risk.
Reverse annealing for nonnegative/binary matrix factorization
Authors: Golden John , O’Malley Daniel
Published: January 2021

It was recently shown that quantum annealing can be used as an effective, fast subroutine in certain types of matrix factorization algorithms. The quantum annealing algorithm performed best for quick, approximate answers, but performance rapidly plateaued. In this paper, we utilize reverse annealing instead of forward annealing in the quantum annealing subroutine for nonnegative/binary matrix factorization problems. After an initial global search with forward annealing, reverse annealing performs a series of local searches that refine existing solutions. The combination of forward and reverse annealing significantly improves performance compared to forward annealing alone for all but the shortest run times.
Factors associated with self-reported burnout level in allied healthcare professionals in a tertiary hospital in Singapore
Authors: Teo Yao Hao , Xu Jordan Thet Ke , Ho Cowan , Leong Jui Min , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Tan Elisabeth Ker Hsuen , Goh Wei-An , Neo Elson , Chua Jonathan Yu Jing , Ng Sean Jun Yi , Cheong Julia Jie Yi , Hwang Jeff Yi-Fu , Lim See Ming , Soo Thomas , Sng Judy Gek Khim , Yi Siyan
Published: January 2021

Background

Burnout has adverse implications in healthcare settings, compromising patient care. Allied health professionals (AHPs) are defined as individuals who work collaboratively to deliver routine and essential healthcare services, excluding physicians and nurses. There is a lack of studies on burnout among AHPs in Singapore. This study explored factors associated with a self-reported burnout level and barriers to seeking psychological help among AHPs in Singapore.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of AHPs in a tertiary hospital from October to December 2019. We emailed a four-component survey to 1127 eligible participants. The survey comprised four components: (1) sociodemographic characteristics, (2) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS), (3) Areas of Worklife Survey, and (4) Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment (PBPT). We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with burnout. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.

Results

In total, 328 participants completed the questionnaire. The self-reported burnout level (emotional exhaustion>27 and/or depersonalization>10) was 67.4%. The majority of the respondents were female (83.9%), Singaporean (73.5%), aged 40 years and below (84.2%), and Chinese ethnicity (79.9%). In the multiple logistic regression model, high burnout level was negatively associated with being in the age groups of 31 to 40 (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.93) and 40 years and older (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.87) and a low self-reported workload (AOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.52). High burnout level was positively associated with a work experience of three to five years (AOR 5.27, 95% CI 1.44–20.93) and more than five years (AOR 4.24; 95% CI 1.16–16.79. One hundred and ninety participants completed the PBPT component. The most frequently cited barriers to seeking psychological help by participants with burnout (n= 130) were ‘negative evaluation of therapy’ and ‘time constraints.’

Conclusions

This study shows a high self-reported burnout level and identifies its associated factors among AHPs in a tertiary hospital. The findings revealed the urgency of addressing burnout in AHPs and the need for effective interventions to reduce burnout. Concurrently, proper consideration of the barriers to seeking help is warranted to improve AHPs' mental well-being.
Relaxation of social distancing restrictions: Model estimated impact on COVID-19 epidemic in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Shafer Leigh Anne , Nesca Marcello , Balshaw Robert
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The unprecedented worldwide social distancing response to COVID-19 resulted in a quick reversal of escalating case numbers. Recently, local governments globally have begun to relax social distancing regulations. Using the situation in Manitoba, Canada as an example, we estimated the impact that social distancing relaxation may have on the pandemic.

Methods

We fit a mathematical model to empirically estimated numbers of people infected, recovered, and died from COVID-19 in Manitoba. We then explored the impact of social distancing relaxation on: (a) time until near elimination of COVID-19 (< one case per million), (b) time until peak prevalence, (c) proportion of the population infected within one year, (d) peak prevalence, and (e) deaths within one year.

Results

Assuming a closed population, near elimination of COVID-19 in Manitoba could have been achieved in 4–6 months (by July or August) if there were no relaxation of social distancing. Relaxing to 15% of pre-COVID effective contacts may extend the local epidemic for more than two years (median 2.1). Relaxation to 50% of pre-COVID effective contacts may result in a peak prevalence of 31–38% of the population, within 3–4 months of initial relaxation.

Conclusion

Slight relaxation of social distancing may immensely impact the pandemic duration and expected peak prevalence. Only holding the course with respect to social distancing may have resulted in near elimination before Fall of 2020; relaxing social distancing to 15% of pre-COVID-19 contacts will flatten the epidemic curve but greatly extend the duration of the pandemic.
A decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles impacts the ecosystem function of manure removal in altered subtropical habitats
Authors: Sarmiento-Garcés Rodrigo , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina
Published: January 2021

The loss of biodiversity—caused mainly by habitat destruction—is one of the environmental problems with major repercussions on ecosystem functioning. Nevertheless, our understanding of the functional consequences of habitat changes on the communities and ecosystems remains limited to a small number of case studies. We evaluated the change in taxonomic and functional diversity of copro-necrophagous beetles (Scarabaeinae) and their relationship with the varying environmental factors present in four habitats with different degrees of disturbance. Furthermore, we evaluated how changes in taxonomic and functional diversity affect the rates of excrement removal. The collections were carried out at four locations in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, on natural systems with different degrees of disturbances (forests in advanced and initial succession) and agroecosystems (silviculture and pastures dedicated to livestock). We collected a total of 1266 dung beetles distributed in 35 species and classified into 11 functional groups. The taxonomic and functional diversity analyses showed that habitats that still maintain an arboreal stratum do not present differences between them, in contrast to habitats dedicated to livestock where there was a significant loss of species and functional groups. The distance between the trees, as well as the air and soil temperatures were determining factors in the selection of species and functional groups. Some of these environmental factors explain the differences in functional traits, represented as varying abundances of the species found. The rates of manure removal from the ecosystem were positively correlated to taxonomic and functional richness as well as biomass of beetles. Thus, we can conclude that habitats with tree strata have the capacity to preserve a larger proportion of the regional set of species as well as the important ones, while preserving the taxonomic and functional diversity and the ecosystem functions, such as the excrement removal rate.
A type VII secretion system of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus contributes to gut colonization and the development of colon tumors
Authors: Taylor John Culver , Gao Xinsheng , Xu Juan , Holder Michael , Petrosino Joseph , Kumar Ritesh , Liu Wen , Höök Magnus , Mackenzie Chris , Hillhouse Andrew , Brashear Wesley , Nunez Maria Patricia , Xu Yi
Published: January 2021

Streptococcus gallolyticussubspeciesgallolyticus(Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the molecular determinants involved inSggpathogenicity in the gut are unknown. Bacterial type VII secretion systems (T7SS) mediate pathogen interactions with their host and are important for virulence in pathogenic mycobacteria andStaphylococcus aureus. Through genome analysis, we identified a locus inSggstrain TX20005 that encodes a putative type VII secretion system (designated asSggT7SST05). We showed that core genes within theSggT7SST05locus are expressedin vitroand in the colon of mice. Western blot analysis showed thatSggEsxA, a protein predicted to be a T7SS secretion substrate, is detected in the bacterial culture supernatant, indicating that thisSggT7SST05is functional. Deletion ofSggT7SST05(TX20005Δesx) resulted in impaired bacterial adherence to HT29 cells and abolished the ability ofSggto stimulate HT29 cell proliferation. Analysis of bacterial culture supernatants suggest thatSggT7SST05-secreted factors are responsible for the pro-proliferative activity ofSgg, whereasSggadherence to host cells requires bothSggT7SST05-secreted and bacterial surface-associated factors. In a murine gut colonization model, TX20005Δesxshowed significantly reduced colonization compared to the parent strain. Furthermore, in a mouse model of CRC, mice exposed to TX20005 had a significantly higher tumor burden compared to saline-treated mice, whereas those exposed to TX20005Δesxdid not. Examination of theSggload in the colon in the CRC model suggests thatSggT7SST05-mediated activities are directly involved in the promotion of colon tumors. Taken together, these results revealSggT7SST05as a previously unrecognized pathogenicity determinant forSggcolonization of the colon and promotion of colon tumors.
Termografia passiva no diagnóstico de patologias e desempenho térmico em fachadas de edifícios através de câmara térmica instalada em drone. Abordagem preliminar em Coimbra (Portugal)
Authors: Almeida Ana Sofia Ferreira Coimbra e , Ornelas Alexandre João Alves , Cordeiro António Rochette
Published: January 2021

A termografia, sendo uma técnica não destrutiva que permite visualizar a radiação infravermelha através de imagens térmicas visíveis e facilita a sua realização a grandes distâncias das superfícies em análise, pode considerar-se bastante vantajosa nas questões da sustentabilidade na reabilitação urbana. Esta técnica permite, com base nos resultados obtidos, o desenvolvimento de soluções mais eficientes, como revestimentos mais duradouros e/ou com maior capacidade de isolamento, permitindo a identificação de patologias que dificilmente podem ser detetadas através de outros métodos, facto que possibilita uma manutenção atempada, sem que a patologia do material se agrave. As medições dependem de diferentes parâmetros que podem influenciar os resultados, como a emissividade, a distância da câmara à superfície, o ângulo de observação, refletividade e cor. Neste caso, para as fachadas de edifícios, além dos parâmetros referidos, predominam as condições ambientais, a radiação solar e o vento. O desenvolvimento deste estudo preliminar destaca-se fundamentalmente pela prática, desde a recolha, à interpretação até à justificação dos dados térmicos registados em diversos edifícios. Independentemente das diferentes condições presentes em dias diferentes, foi possível identificar os materiais constituintes e registar os diferentes padrões de temperatura, como a transição térmica entre os mesmos materiais ao longo das horas, orientação, exposição e cores diferentes, e ainda a passagem de massas de ar quente e frio do interior dos edifícios para o exterior. Este trabalho apresenta-se relevante para uma base de estudo de implementação de medidas para maior eficiência urbana no planeamento e ordenamento do território e consequentemente, alcançar maior sustentabilidade urbana.
Multidrug resistance protein structure of Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffaloes in Ngawi District, Indonesia: A bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Nuryady Moh. Mirza , Nurcahyo Raden Wisnu , Hindun Iin , Fatmawati Diani
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Trypanosomiasis, also known as surra, is an infectious disease with a wide host spectrum. In Indonesia, this disease is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. Various trypanocidal drugs have been used to treat this pathogen and subsequent disease. Yet, the long-term trypanocidal administration generates drug-resistant T. evansi. Some have identified genetic alterations in T. evansi transporter protein-coding genes that may be responsible for drug resistance. The Multidrug Resistance Protein E (MRPE) gene is a likely candidate gene responsible for the individual resistance. To date, no research has focused on T. evansi MRPE (TevMRPE) in this context. Hence, this research aimed at analyzing and characterizing the TevMRPE gene and protein using a bioinformatics approach.

Materials and Methods: T. evansi was isolated from buffalo suffering from surra in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. Isolated T. evansi was inoculated and cultured in male mice. The T. evansi genome was isolated from mouse blood with a parasitemia degree as high as 105. A polymerase chain reaction procedure was conducted to amplify the putative MRPE coding gene. The amplicon was sequenced and analyzed using MEGA X, BLAST, and I-tasser softwares.

Results: The putative TevMRPE coding gene showed sequence similarity as high as 99.79% against the MRPE gene from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The protein profile and characteristics depicted that the putative TevMRPE protein was related to a family of Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. This family of transporter proteins plays a crucial role in the resistance toward several medicines.

Conclusion: The obtained gene sequence in this research was identified as the TevMRPE. This gene is homologous to the T. brucei gambiense MRPE gene and possesses ligand active sites for Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate. In addition, MRPE contains enzyme active sites similar to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. These data suggest that ABC transport proteins, like MRPE, may be necessary to confer trypanocidal drug resistance in T. evansi.
The Use of Essential Oils as Rumen Modifier in Dairy Cows
Authors: Daning Dewi  Ayu Ratih , Yusiati L M , Hanim C , Widyobroto B P
Published: January 2021

Feed efficiency is essential for dairy cows because it can increase production and quality of milk, and reduce methane emissions in the environment. One of the strategies on increasing feed efficiency is using rumen modifier. Essential oils have antimicrobial activities and have been used in rumen modifier in dairy cows. The aim of this paper is to review several studies on the utilization of essential oils as feed additive to enhance production and quality of milk of dairy cow. Based on some research reports, using essential oils which contained thymol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in dairy cattle feed decreased the population of protozoa, methanogens, proteolytic, and biohydrogenase bacteria. The impact of engineering of the rumen microbial population has led to optimal rumen fermentation resulted in the efficiency of carbohydrate, protein, and fat utilizations. It can be concluded that essential oils are potential as rumen modifier by inhibit methanogenesis, increase propionate, energy efficiency and ruminal by pass protein. The inconsistent results on milk production and milk fat requires further research to study deeper the effect of dosage and type of essential oils on dairy cows  performance.
Confecção de um dispositivo para remoção de alinhadores ortodônticos
Authors: Paes-Souza Sylvia de Araújo , Sant'Anna Eduardo Franzotti , Pithon Matheus Melo
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é demonstrar a confecção de um dispositivo para remoção de alinhadores ortodônticos. A confecção do dispositivo mostra-se simples e de baixo custo, facilitando a remoção dos alinhadores sem causar danos às unhas ou ao esmalte das pacientes.
Expansão rápida da maxila assistida por mini-implantes em paciente adulto com atresia maxilar severa: relato de caso
Authors: Santos Alexandre Magno dos , Miranda Felicia , Rocha Andrea Damasceno , Cruz Ana Paula , Naveda Rodrigo , Garib Daniela
Published: January 2021

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar o caso de uma paciente adulta com atresia maxilar severa tratada com expansão maxilar assistida por mini-implantes. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 26 anos de idade, apresentou-se para tratamento com atresia maxilar severa e mordida cruzada posterior. A paciente estava em um estágio avançado de maturação da sutura palatina mediana. Foi indicada a realização da expansão rápida da maxila assistida por mini-implantes (MARPE). O expansor MARPE utilizado tem quatro mini-implantes posicionados parassuturalmente após a terceira ruga palatina. Osseoperfurações foram realizadas na região posterior do palato antes da instalação do expansor. A paciente foi orientada a ativar o expansor 1/4 de volta duas vezes ao dia. RESULTADOS: Após oito dias de ativação, obteve-se a abertura do diastema interincisivos. A correção da atresia maxilar severa e da mordida cruzada posterior foi alcançada após o vigésimo dia de ativação. CONCLUSÃO: A expansão com MARPE associada a osseoperfurações promoveu uma abertura da sutura palatina mediana bem-sucedida. A utilização do expansor MARPE foi uma alternativa efetiva para o tratamento da atresia maxilar em paciente adulta com estágio avançado de maturação da sutura palatina mediana.
Социальное самочувствие российского населения в период острой фазы эпидемиологического кризиса
Authors: Логинов Дмитрий Михайлович
Published: January 2021

На основе данных социологического опроса, проведенного Институтом социального анализа и прогнозирования РАНХиГС (N = 3 500) в апреле 2020 г., рассмотрены показатели социального самочувствия россиян в период острой фазы эпидемиологического кризиса. Показано, что большая часть населения серьезно восприняла эпидемиологическую угрозу распространения COVID-19 и скорректировала собственное поведение с целью минимизации соответствующих рисков. Типология самоограничительного поведения иллюстрирует наличие двух массовых групп, представители которых характеризуются высоким уровнем самоограничений (высокий уровень самоограничений при значительных эпидемиологических опасениях, высокий уровень самоограничений при отсутствии значительных эпидемиологических опасений). Выявлены риски в сферах доходов и занятости, связанные с ухудшением материального положения граждан и их опасениями потерять работу. Обнаружено, что, основываясь на опыте адаптации к прошедшим периодам экономической нестабильности, значительные группы населения предполагают реализовать комплекс адаптационных практик, в число которых входят как снижение потребительской активности, так и активизация усилий на рынке труда, выражающихся в поиске дополнительной работы и приработков.
По результатам исследования наблюдается существенная асимметрия в уровне одобрения респондентами властных управленческих решений: меры, направленные на стабилизацию эпидемиологической обстановки, респонденты считают адекватными, а уровень социальной поддержки населения представляется им недостаточным, следовательно, запрос на расширение социальной поддержки в обществе крайне высок.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС.
Выделение актуальных тематик в социологии: взгляд сквозь призму анализа сети цитирований
Authors: Булычева Екатерина Евгеньевна , Мальцева Дарья Васильевна
Published: January 2021

Целью работы является выделение актуальных тематик в социологии XX – начала XXI века посредством анализа публикаций в десяти ведущих англоязычных общесоциологических журналах. Исследование выполнено в количественной парадигме изучения научного знания и основано на анализе библиографической информации о публикациях из базы данных Web of Science (более 23 тыс. публикаций). Собранные данные стали основой для построения сети цитирований между публикациями. Используя метрики сетевого анализа и алгоритм выделения основного пути в этой сети, мы получаем работы с наибольшим количеством цитирований, которые можно считать наиболее значимыми для авторов отобранных журналов, прослеживаем связи между статьями и делаем выводы об актуальных тематиках исследований, преобладающих в определенном сегменте социологии в тот или иной период времени.
Благодарность. Исследование финансировалось в рамках государственной поддержки ведущих университетов Российской Федерации «5-100».
Авторы выражают благодарность анонимным рецензентам за комментарии к предыдущим версиям статьи, а также Станиславу Моисееву (НИУ ВШЭ) за идеи по улучшению текущей версии текста.
Breast cancer screening program in Lithuania: trends in breast cancer mortality before and during the introduction of the mammography screening programme
Authors: Steponavičienė Laura , Briedienė Rūta , Vansevičiūtė-Petkevičienė Rasa , Gudavičienė Daiva , Vincerževskienė Ieva
Published: January 2021

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent oncological disease as well as the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Decline in mortality in economically strong countries is observed. This decline is mostly related to early diagnosis (improvement in breast cancer awareness and mammography screening program (MSP)) and more effective treatment. In the end of 2005, the MSP started in Lithuania. The main aim of this article was to evaluate breast cancer mortality during 22 years in Lithuania, as well as changes before the start of the MSP and during its implementation, in order to assess the influence of the MSP on mortality.

Materials and MethodsAnalysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Analysis of changes in mortality included the period from 1998 to 2019. Age standardized mortality rates were calculated for assessment of changes. Join-point regression analysis was used.

ResultsApplying the segmental regression model, it was found that during the study period mortality was statistically significantly decreasing by -1.1% each year.  Mortality among women under the age of 50 decreased both before and during the implementation of MSP. Mortality in the target population also was already decreasing until the implementation of the program, but since 2006 significant reduction in mortality was observed in this group.

ConclusionsOverall breast cancer mortality is decreasing in Lithuania. After the implementation of MSP the largest reduction in mortality was observed among the target population, however, it is not as pronounced as it could be with the well-organized MSP.
A giant arteriovenous malformation and fistula in a newborn with Parkes Weber syndrome. Case report
Authors: Auzina Luize , Skuja Elina , Safranovs Toms Janis , Ozolins Valts , Kidikas Helmuts , Taurina Gita , Lubaua Inguna
Published: January 2021

Parkes Weber syndrome (PWS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by capillary cutaneous malformation, limb hypertrophy and multiple arteriovenous fistulas of the affected extremity. Another feature is a port-wine stain on the affected area. PWS is caused by genetic variations in the RAS p21 protein activator (RASA1) gene which affects the development of the vascular system. We report a case of a female neonate presenting with dyspnoea and cardiovascular insufficiency at the time of birth. The left upper extremity (LUE) and shoulder were enlarged (circumference at the midpoint was 17cm compared to 11cm on the right arm), edematous, hyperemic with a port-wine stain. Structural changes of the bones of LUE were discovered on X-ray. Echocardiography revealed right-sided volume overload, a large ductus arteriosus, a possible pathology of the aortic arch and branch arteries. Chest X-rays showed cardiomegaly. Therapy with milrinone and diuretics was started. A multislice CT angiography scan revealed arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between a. subclavia sin. and v. brachiocephalica sin, arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and a dilated a.subclavia sin. of 11 mm, as well as dilatation of other arteries of the LUE. Next generation sequencing revealed a pathogenic variation (c.2245C>T, p.Arg749*) in the RASA1 gene in the heterozygous state. Four consecutive embolizations of the AVM and AVF were performed in the first 16 months.
Diversity of thalloid liverworts in Brazilian Savanna of Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Rozijane Santos , Silva José Augusto dos Santos , Ottoni Felipe Polivanov , Pinheiro Costa Denise
Published: January 2021

We investigate the diversity of thalloid liverworts in Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas (PNCM). Illustrations, descriptions, taxonomic characters, and notes on the geographic distributions of species, as well as an identification key, are provided. We collected specimens during the rainy seasons between 2017 and 2020. Six families, six genera, and seven species were recorded, of which five species are recorded for the first time from Maranhão state, two species are recorded for the first time from the Brazilian Northeast Region, and two are newly recorded from the Brazilian Cerrado. Our results increase in the number of thallose liverwort species in Maranhão by 57%. Our data add to what is known about PNCM, Maranhão, and Brazilian Cerrado liverworts, and reinforce the importance of PNCM for conservation.
Curriculum Implementation Planning on The Tactical Assembly of Diniyah Conversion (MTKD) in The City of Bandung
Authors: Yuliasari Yustina
Published: January 2021

The curriculum as an educational design has a fairly central position in all educational activities, determining the implementation process and educational outcomes. Given the important role of the curriculum in education and in the development of human life, curriculum preparation cannot be done carelessly. Sukmadinata emphasized that curriculum preparation requires strong foundations, which are based on the results of in-depth thought and research. Planning for curriculum implementation is carried out by compiling a curriculum that is tailored to the needs and level of knowledge of the congregation, then determining the curriculum concept to be applied, the methods to be used and the learning strategies to be implemented. The curriculum team compiles learning materials and divides learning materials into semester, monthly and material in each meeting.
Making music, making language
Authors: Garcia Ofelia , Ortega Angélica
Published: January 2021

This article reframes how the making of music by minoritized bilingual Latinxchildren is interrelated to their languaging and their literacies’ performances.Taking a translanguaging approach, musicking/languaging/performing literacies are described here as holistic critical meaning-making processes. Focusing on the process by which students make meaning of texts, and not simply on the output or product of such meaning-making, this article shows how a music education programme based on El Sistema and designed for social change transforms minoritized children’s critical sense of their positions and subjectivities as producers of language and literacies. Through music education, long considered only an enrichment activity from which language minoritized students are often excluded, bilingual Latinx children are able to crack open a vision for themselves and others as competent, dignified, and valid meaning-makers—as performers of complex acts of language and literacies.
Towards multilingualism
Authors: Edwards John
Published: January 2021

There has been a development in both scholarly and popular attention to language capabilities and their alleged cognitive consequences. Emphasis, both theoretical and applied, was initially given to monolingual fluencies. Indeed, the sense that monolingualism is still somehow the default norm remains in some ‘large-language’ contexts. A second stage, as it were, arose when serious consideration began to be given to bilingualism—a phase surely long overdue, given the real-life circumstances that have always prevailed around the world. One of the most interesting aspects of this phase has been the apparent empirical demonstration that bilingualism correlates with cognitive advantage. Although this seems a welcome corrective to earlier and quite opposite views, the evidence turns out to be far from unequivocal. It now appears likely that, while expanded linguistic repertoires are of course beneficial, there are no simple correspondences between languages known and cognitive capacities. Research on bilingualism and multilingualism, at both individual and social levels, is now routine.
Null results in bilingualism research
Authors: Bialystok Ellen
Published: January 2021

The controversy over whether bilingualism has consequences for mind and brain shows no sign of abating. A steady stream of research reporting both positive results supporting the claim for beneficial effects of bilingualism and null results finding no significant differences between monolingual and bilingual groups continues to be published. With the number of null results that are produced, it is tempting to conclude that the positive effects are not reliable and that there is in fact no effect of bilingualism. However, research results, both positive and null, need to be interpreted in the larger context of factors that describe the experimental paradigm, the linguistic context, and the individual differences of the participants and not reduced to a simple binary question. The present article discusses some of the factors that must be considered in evaluating the interpretation of these research results.
Knowledge and Attitude on Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Migrant Worker Candidates in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Faiz Murfid , Lestari Pudji , Triyono Erwin Astha
Published: January 2021

Background: In 2018, East Java province becomes the province with the highest number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cases in Indonesia with an incidence of more than 8,000 cases. This province has various groups of Indonesian Migrant Workers (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, TKI) working in various sectors in different countries, making them prone to HIV infection. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among migrant worker candidates in East Java. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in August 2018 in the Provincial Manpower and Transmigration Office of East Java, Indonesia. The knowledge and attitude towards HIV disease were assessed using a self-validated questionnaire distributed to 104 migrant worker candidates as the subjects of this study. Results: Eighty-nine percent of the subjects had good knowledge, while 98% of them had good attitudes towards HIV disease. Furthermore, 86% had good attitudes toward HIV transmission. However, no correlation was observed between the subjects’ level of knowledge and their attitude (p=0.334). Conclusions: In general, the level of knowledge and attitudes of migrant worker candidates in East Java towards HIV disease is good. Nevertheless, more knowledge and education on healthy behavior need to be envisaged for this group.
Semi-quantitative Digital Analysis for Human Papillomavirus Detection from Environmental Specimens
Authors: Siagian Adelina , Pratama Dicky Bagus , Fathurrohman Fahmy , Faridah Lia , Ekawardhani Savira
Published: January 2021

Background: Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been detected in urban wastewater, indicating that the virus can reach the sewer and, eventually, other water environments. This study aimed to develop a semi-quantitative assay for HPV DNA detection from environmental specimens using the PCR gel electrophoresis method. Method: This was an experimental descriptive qualitative study conducted from July to November 2019 in a standard molecular laboratory and non-laboratory administration room without air conditioner. Three brands of PCR reagents and different annealing temperatures were compared to identify the best condition for conventional PCR of plasmid DNA containing the HPV L1 gene. The semi-quantitative data were obtained from densitometry digital analysis using an imaging software. The optimized protocol was then applied on DNA serial dilutions to seek for the lower limit of detection (LLOD) value and the linear range of the assay. To evaluate the robustness of the assay, the protocol was further applied to spiked specimens of wastewater. Finally, several wastewater samples were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using this protocol. Results: A broad linear range and HPV L1 gene detection ability were observed with an LLOD of less than 2pg plasmid DNA in field condition. Although the assay successfully detected HPV DNA from several spiked wastewater samples, certain wastewater could interfere with the assay and gave false negative result. Conclusion: A semi-quantitative conventional PCR method to detect HPVDNA from environmental samples has been established and proven to be robust in field condition with non-optimum cold chain.
Relationship between Nomophobia and Attention among Medical Students in Jakarta
Authors: Tanoto Kevin , Suryani Eva , Joewana Satya
Published: January 2021

Background: The advancements in technology in the form of smartphones have made life easier; however, some negative effects have been recorded with regards to the use of smartphone. Among these negative effects are nomophobia, or a phobia of no mobile phone, and lack of attention. This study explored the relationship between nomophobia and attention in medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytic study on medical students in Jakarta in 2019. The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was used to measure the level of nomophobia and the Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT) was used to measure attention. Data collected were analyzed using a simple linear regression test. Result: There was a weak negative relationship between the severity of nomophobia and attention (r=.161). However, nomophobia score was a very weak predictor for attention with an adjusted r-squared score of .021. Conclusions: Nomophobia does not necessarily affect the attention of medical students. Excessive mobile phone use does cause nomophobia and lack of attention. Therefore, smartphones need to be used wisely.
Association of the BellaGel® Breast Implant Scandal with the Poly Implant Prothèse Fraud: A Review of Literatures
Authors: JH Kim
Published: January 2021

Marketing defective breast implants (BellaGel®; HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) despite knowledge or reasonable cause to believe that the device is defective has been recently found in Korea, thus termed as the BellaGel® breast implant scandal. Evidence suggests that the HansBiomed Co. Ltd. previously participated in the Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) fraud in Europe. Based on the fact that the manufacturer was previously involved in the PIP fraud, it would be mandatory to consider long-term safety outcomes of victims of the BellaGel® breast implant scandal.
nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol (RAPID barcoding, 1200bp amplicon) v4
Authors: Freed Nikki , Silander Olin
Published: January 2021

To enable faster, easier sequencing of SARS-COV2 genomes with fewer steps than current methods, we use multiplexed 1200 base pair PCR amplicons with the Oxford Nanopore RAPID barcoding kit (RBK004). This is a modification of the ARTIC amplicon V3 sequencing protocol for MinION for nCoV-2019 developed by Josh Quick, which produces 400 base pair amplicons and uses the Oxford Nanopore Ligation barcoding kit (LSK-109). We have increased the size of the amplicons to 1200bp and use the RAPID barcode kit (RBK004), which enables requires less time and fewer reagents than the LSK-109 protocol. The amplicons produced in this protocol could also be used for Illumina sequencing. Primers were all designed using Primal Scheme: http://primal.zibraproject.org/, described here https://www.nature.com/articles/nprot.2017.066. Primer sequences are here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1M5I_C56ZC8_2Ycgm9EFieVlVNqxsP7dXAnGoBZy3nDo/edit?usp=sharing The primer scheme .bed and .tsv files necessary for the ARTIC variant calling pipeline are at Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/record/3897530#.Xv5EFpMzadY Version history: V4: updated .bed and .tsv file link to point to Zenodo (and not google drive). V1-V3: included primers sequences in the protocol, fixed step 17.12 from elute in "molecular grade water or Elution buffer" to elute in "10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 with 50 mM NaCl", as suggested on the Oxford Nanopore protocol, changed images from ARTIC protocol image to our own.
BHI/LB + v2 salts media v4
Authors: Haines Matthew
Published: January 2021

Vibrio natriegens grows well media containing v2 salts e.g. BHI + v2 and LBv2 (link). Furthermore, such media is routinely used for culturing this organism (Weinstock et al., 2016). However, care must be taken during preperation not to autoclave v2 salts and media together. This protocol first generates separate solutions before sterilising and combining them.
Isolation of fungi associated with ambrosia beetles with pre-oral mycangia v1
Authors: Lynn Kyra , Barnes Irene
Published: January 2021

This protocol describes how to extract fungi from ambrosia beetles that have pre-oral mycangia. Note: This protocol is specific for ambrosia beetles with pre-oral mycangia and may not be useful for beetles with different mycangia types. This protocol is part of the Bark Beetle Mycobiome (BBM) Research Coordination Network. For more information on the BBM international network: Hulcr J, Barnes I, De Beer ZW, Duong TA, Gazis R, Johnson AJ, Jusino MA, Kasson MT, Li Y, Lynch S, Mayers C, Musvuugwa T, Roets F, Seltmann KC, Six D, Vanderpool D, & Villari C. 2020. Bark beetle mycobiome: collaboratively defined research priorities on a widespread insect-fungus symbiosis. Symbiosis 81: 101–113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00686-9.
Prosodic Synchrony Experiment set up PLoS One 2021 v1
Authors: Tomprou Maria , Ji Kim Young , Chikersal Prerna , Woolley Anita , Dabbish Laura
Published: January 2021

Collective intelligence (CI) is the ability of a group to solve a wide range of problems.Synchrony in nonverbal cues is critically important to the development of CI; however, extant findings are mostly based on studies conducted face-to-face. Given how much collaboration takes place via the internet, does nonverbal synchrony still matter and can be achieved when collaborators are physically separated? Here, we hypothesize and test the effect of nonverbal synchrony on CI that develops through visual and audio cues in physically-separated teammates. We show that, contrary to popular belief, the presence of visual cues surprisingly has no effect on CI; furthermore, teams without visual cues are more successful in synchronizing their vocal cues and speaking turns, and when they do so, they have higher CI. Our findings show that nonverbal synchrony is important in distributed collaboration and calls into question the necessity of video support it.
Laboratory Protocols for Ancient and Modern Dental Calculus DNA Processing (Fellows Yates et al. 2021) v1
Authors: A Fellows Yates James , Velsko Irina , Aron Franziska , Hofman Courtney , Warinner Christina
Published: January 2021

Collection of protocols used for Fellows Yates et al. "The evolution and changing ecology of the hominid primate oral microbiome". Bioinformatics analysis can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/jfy133/Anthropoid_Calculus_Microbiome_Evolution/. This collection describes the laboratory procedures used for sampling, (ancient) DNA extraction, library construction and preparation for Illumina sequencing of ancient and modern dental calculus samples. Sampling - Dental calculus Field-Sampling Protocol (Warinner Version) - Dental Calculus Field-Sampling Protocol (Sabin version) Extraction - Ancient DNA Extraction from Dental Calculus with Consolidant Removal - DNA Extraction from Modern Dental Calculus Library preparation - Non-UDG treated double-stranded DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing ofancient dental calculus - (Non-UDG treated) double-stranded modern dental calculus DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing - Full-UDG treated double-stranded ancient DNA library preparation for Illumina sequencing of ancient dental calculus (reduced input DNA) Indexing - Illumina double-stranded DNA dual indexing for ancient DNA Preparation for Sequencing - Amplification and Pooling
Nem presa, nem morta: direitos reprodutivos no Brasil e o movimento feminista
Authors: Da Rocha Rodrigues Pereira Barbosa Andréa , De Moraes Mota Camila
Published: January 2021

Apesar da legislação brasileira proibir a prática do aborto em diversos casos, pesquisas apontam que as mulheres brasileiras ainda procuram meios para realizar a interrupção da gravidez. O presente artigo discute a interrupção voluntária da gravidez através, principalmente, da análise dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional do Aborto (PNA) de 2016 e da legislação penal. Busca-se entender de que forma pesquisadoras materialistas, entre historiadoras e filósofas, elaboraram a questão da interrupção da gravidez e das problemáticas envolvendo a reprodução e a sexualidade dentro do sistema capitalista, assim como seu significado para a persistência das opressões de gênero. Chegando à conclusão de que a criminalização do aborto não evita a prática, mas mantém a gravidez como destino biológico para todas as mulheres, para aquelas que formam a base da sociedade capitalista, vivenciam maternidades indesejadas e a letalidade do aborto ilegal.