bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivating Mechanisms of the South Asian Jet Wave Train by Disturbances over the North Atlantic in Winter
Authors: Qin Dongfei , Li Xiuzhen , Zhao Yuan
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the motivation of the South Asian jet wave train (SAJW) and its underlying mechanism, by distinguishing different evolutions of disturbance sources over the North Atlantic. The disturbance sources propagate along the SAJW toward the western North Pacific in the propagating cases, while they are constrained over the North Atlantic and Europe in the interrupted cases. The possible motivating mechanisms are disclosed in the perspectives of energy dispersion and background potential vorticity gradient (PVG) affecting energy attraction. In the propagating cases, wave energy propagates eastward over the North Atlantic and converges into the Mediterranean Sea and Middle East, leading to the amplification and development of the wave train. The enhancement of PVG over south Europe–Mediterranean Sea is a key factor attracting such eastward propagation, which is associated with the positive PV anomaly over north Europe driven by the diabatic heating of precipitation. In the interrupted cases, energy dispersion is more divergent over the North Atlantic because of the weaker PVG, resulting in the failure of the SAJW excitement. The impacts of the SAJW on the temperature and precipitation along its path are evident, with the modulated snow depth agreeing more with temperature rather than precipitation except over the Tibetan Plateau. Hence, understanding the motivating mechanism of the SAJW is essential for improving weather forecasts over subtropical Eurasia by using the disturbances over the North Atlantic.
Exploring the Potential of Virtual Immersive Workspaces: Benefits, Limitations, and Implications
Authors: Darvish Mahdieh , Bick Markus , Keresztyen Laura
Published: September 2024

Since the 1970s, telecommuting has generated significant interest among academics and practitioners alike. However, the topic of flexible working arrangements has become more relevant lately, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As digital technologies continuously advance, immersive workplaces facilitated by technologies such as virtual reality (VR) become more appealing. This article examines the phenomenon of virtual immersive workspaces and their impacts on organizations. It provides insights into the emerging trends driving subsequent immersive technologies that not only foster competitive advantages in the Web3 era but also shed light on the challenges that organizations face in this context. The findings emphasize the key advantages and limitations of implementing VR in the workplace as well as the importance of purposefully designing a set of tools for remote workers.
Non-Fatal Strangulation: An Empirical Review of the New Offence in England and Wales
Authors: Bows Hannah , Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Following the introduction of specific non-fatal strangulation (NFS) offences into law in a number of other jurisdictions over the last 20 years, England and Wales introduced a new offence of Non-Fatal Strangulation as part of the Domestic Abuse Act (2021) in 2022. Drawing on data provided by 32 forces, this article examines how the offence has been used in the first 14 months of operation. Specifically, we explored the victim and suspect characteristics, relationships and case outcomes of recorded incidents by police and the pipeline between recorded crime and prosecution. Our findings support the limited evidence on NFS in England and Wales, and Australia in finding that most victims are female and most suspects are male, typically victims and suspects are young-middle-aged adults, and most NFS is domestic in nature. We also found Black victims and suspects to be overrepresented. Whilst the data indicates the new offence is being routinely used by police, and charge rates compare well to other crimes, around 90% of recorded incidents are not resulting in a prosecution or conviction. We consider the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Effects of probiotics on productive performances and serum lipid profile of broiler as substitute of antibiotics
Authors: Khan Umama , Rahman SM Mahbubur , Khan Salauddin , Roy Swarna , Hossain Khondoker Moazzem
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

The present research was accomplished to characterize probiotics from broiler gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by profiling biochemical, antimicrobial, and antibiotic sensitivity properties. Eventually, probiotic potentiality was evaluated as a substitute for antibiotic supplements in broiler focusing growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum lipid profile.

Methods:

Probiotic bacteria were characterized based on morphological, physiological, and several biochemical tests. Antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of antibiotics and bacterial pathogens was detected. An in vivo trial was conducted on 40-day-old Ross 308 broiler strains during 21 days in an in vivo trial. The chicks were divided into total of five groups, a control group and four experimental groups (Antibiotic1, Antibiotic2, Probiotic1, and Probiotic2) in a completely randomized design. Probiotic was supplemented in broiler feed (2× 109 CFU/g feed) or by direct oral gavage (1× 109 CFU/chick). The variables of production performance like body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics and serum lipid profile were measured.

Results:

10 probiotic bacteria were presumptively identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on the morphological, physiological, and strong resistance properties in several biochemical tests. The mixture of Lactobacillus had favorable effects on productive performance of broilers regarding BW, ADG, and FCR ( p < .05) compared with chickens that had no additive or had antibiotic during overall period of in vivo trial. Additionally, noteworthy efficacy on carcass characteristics and serum lipid profile were found ( p < .05) in Lactobacillus mixture fed chicken groups of in vivo trial.

Conclusion:

Mixed Lactobacillus sp. can be considered as a potential additive for broiler diet attributable to noteworthy efficacy on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum lipid profile. Accordingly, the research highlights the need for suitable alteration of antibiotics through probiotic characterization and proper inclusion in broiler diet.
Faith and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural South Africa
Authors: Ramos Tatiana , Muvhango Lufuno , Ranganathan Meghna
Published: September 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women and is associated with risk factors at the individual, interpersonal and societal level. Women often resort to various coping mechanisms to manage their daily lives due to the complex nature by which these factors interact. We qualitatively interviewed a cohort of rural women participating in a microfinance “plus” program in South Africa where women received loans for small-scale business ventures and received training sessions on gender norms. Our findings detailed women’s experiences of IPV and the role of faith as a coping mechanism for navigating economic hardship and abuse. Belief in a higher power was predominant in almost every interview, offering a sense of purpose and optimism for the future amid precarious circumstances. Interventions for violence prevention need to consider the important role that faith can play in strengthening women’s sense of self and preventing IPV.
Effect of stress-relief heat treatment on the stress-rupture properties of a nickel-based superalloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Gao Shuang , Song Zhenfeng , Li Shuijin , Lan Liang , Hou Jieshan , Lu Guoxin , He Bo
Published: September 2024

Residual stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) metal parts due to high temperature gradients and uneven heating during building processes. Subsequent stress-relief (SR) heat treatment is usually conducted to reduce the geometrical distortion and microscopic cracks induced by residual stress after the LPBF process. Using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and stress-rupture tests, the experimental results revealed that the stress-rupture life of a nickel-based superalloy, IN625 alloy, subjected to SR treatment at 870°C and 980°C is inferior to that of the as-built (AB) alloy. The fundamental cause for this phenomenon is that more δ phase precipitates in the grains of the AB alloy during the stress-rupture test at 750°C/230 MPa, resulting in an increased dispersion hardening effect and a decreased ductility. Furthermore, the Laves and δ phases along grain boundaries in the SR treated alloys are more likely to coarsen, which is the second reason for the decreased stress-rupture life of the SR treated alloys.
Disgust Imagery in Contamination-Related Symptoms in a non-Clinical Sample
Authors: Lerh Jian Wei , Sündermann Oliver
Published: September 2024

Disgust is one of the emotions underlying Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, particularly washing rituals. This pilot study explored the role of disgust imagery and self-compassion above and beyond established predictors [disgust propensity (DP) and obsessive beliefs] in predicting washing symptoms cross-sectionally. Non-clinical university students ( n = 197) completed online self-report questionnaires on disgust imagery (newly constructed for this study), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, DP, obsessive beliefs and self-compassion. The majority of the sample ( n = 180) reported disgust imagery. The new Disgust Imagery Scale demonstrated promising psychometric properties. The preliminary finding suggested that the severity of disgust imagery in addition to the propensity for misappraisals and disgust experience may be related to the severity of washing symptoms, but self-compassion was non-significant. The cultural, research and clinical implications are discussed. The use of a non-clinical student sample and cross-sectional analyses precluded causal claims and generalization of findings to clinical samples.
Long-term ecological studies on the oxbow ecosystems development and fire history in the Drava river valley (Central Europe): Implications for ecological restoration
Authors: Gałka Mariusz , Apolinarska Karina , Bubak Iwona , Dezsȍ József , Feurdean Angelica , Salem Ali , Słowik Marcin , Zawisza Edyta
Published: September 2024

Oxbow lakes are important habitats for many rare and protected wetland organisms and play a role as a storage of pollutants in floodplain. Unfortunately, many oxbows were destroyed due to drainage works and the adaptation of riverbeds to inland transport. Multi-proxy palaeoecological analyses makes it possible to recognise the succession of flora and fauna in the oxbow lakes over centuries and millenia. Insight into the history of the destroyed wetlands ecosystems is especially important for their restoration. We used palaeoecological methods (plant macrofossils, pollen, mollusc, Cladocera, diatoms, macrocharcoal) supported by radiocarbon dating to: (i) reconstruct the succession of the local flora (macrophytes, diatoms) and fauna (molluscs, Cladocera) during the last ca. 3000 years; (ii) provide a background of local to regional vegetation composition and disturbance by fire and human impact in the Drava valleys. (iii) determine natural reference conditions as a basis for the restoration of degraded oxbow ecosystems in the region; Our study revealed that: (i) in the shallow eutrophic oxbow lakes (ca. 2 m deep) occurred numerous submerged ( Najas marina, N. minor, Ceratophyllum demersum, Zannichelia palustris) and floating macrophytes ( Trapa natans, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea), Cladocera and molluscs species (e.g. Borysthenia naticinata, Bithynia tentaculata, Valvata cristata) and we recommend that these species should be included in the restoration of oxbows in this region; (ii) warm climate phases (Roman Period, Medieval Period) likely enhanced the terrestrialisation process and transformation of water reservoirs into peatlands between 1200 and 800 cal. BP; (iii) human activity has led to changes in overall forest composition, including riparian tree taxa, since the beginning of the record and has intensified since the Medieval Period; (iv) the difference in the time and intensity of fires between the northern and southern part of Drava river valley is most likely due to the different history of human colonisation.
Successive self-nucleation and Annealing technique applied to polypropylene/butyl rubber composites: Recycling alternatives for vacuum bagging materials
Authors: Ramírez-Aguilar Rodrigo , Zárate-Pérez Cecilia , Franco-Urquiza E. A.
Published: September 2024

The aerospace sector uses butyl rubber to manufacture carbon fiber components through an autoclave or infusion. Both manufacturing techniques require a high vacuum to achieve adequate impregnation of the carbon fiber fabrics with epoxy resin, and butyl rubber is used as the sealant. The aerospace sector discontinues materials with shelf life expired, and butyl rubber is one of the materials most discontinued for not being used within the designated time. This work presents the development of composites using polypropylene and discontinued butyl tape. Composites with 30, 50, and 70 wt% of butyl rubber content were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The structural analysis showed that the composites with 50 wt% and 70 wt% are similar to butyl rubber, while the compound with 30 wt% of butyl is similar to polypropylene. The degree of crystallinity of the compound with 50 wt% of butyl content was 18% higher than the PP, and the melting temperature decreased by 30% with the higher butyl content. SSA revealed that the highest enthalpic contribution occurred in the crystalline fraction of higher perfection, except for the compound with 50 wt% of butyl content, whose less perfect crystalline populations grew at the expense of the most perfect crystals. The reduction of the crystalline fraction implies that butyl interferes with the formation of crystals, developing populations with lower lamellar thickness that favors the overall crystallinity of the compound. Young’s modulus, yield strength, and nominal strain decreased with butyl rubber content. The composites showed rough failure surfaces with solid butyl rubber particles and poor adhesion to polypropylene. Butyl particles with diverse sizes and geometries lead to sudden failure of the composites and high dispersion in strain values.
Psychometric Properties of the School Support Scale (SSS) for a Sample of Chilean Adolescents
Authors: Chuecas María Josefina , Benavente Mariavictoria , Galdames Alejandra , Alfaro Jaime , Ditzel Ana Loreto
Published: September 2024

This study assesses the psychometric properties of the School Support Scale (SSS), part of the CHKS’s Resilience Youth Development Module (RYDM; Furlong et al., 2009 ), among 231 sixth- and seventh-grade students in urban public schools in Chile. Results indicated satisfactory psychometric properties, replicating a unifactorial structure observed in prior research ( Hanson & Kim, 2007 ), where items related to caring relationships and high expectations loaded onto a single factor, school support. Significant correlations were found with measures of life satisfaction and school-related affect. These findings underscore the scale’s utility in evaluating student perceptions of school support and highlight avenues for future research to enhance its applicability across diverse educational contexts.
Development of electrospun electroactive polyurethane membranes for bone repairing
Authors: Sun Fuhua , Yang Lishi , Zuo Yi
Published: September 2024

To fabricate electroactive fibrous membranes and provide simulated bioelectric micro-environment for bone regeneration mimicking nature periosteum, a series of electroactive polyurethanes (PUAT) were synthesized using amino-capped aniline trimers (AT) and lysine derivatives as chain extenders. These PUAT were fabricated into fibrous membranes as guided bone tissue regeneration membranes (GBRMs) via electrospinning. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) of PUAT copolymers showed that the electroactive PUAT fibrous membranes had good electroactivity. Besides, the introduction of AT significantly improved the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of PUAT fibrous membranes and decreased the degradation rate of PUAT fibers in vitro. With the increasing content of AT incorporated into copolymers, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PUAT fibrous membranes increased from 4 MPa (PUAT0) to 15 MPa (PUAT10) and from 2.1 MPa (PUAT0) to 18 MPa (PUAT10), respectively. The cell morphology and proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) on PUAT fibers indicated that the incorporation of AT enhanced the cell attachment and proliferation. Moreover, the expression levels of OCN, CD31, and VEGF secreted by rMSCs on PUAT fibers increased with the increasing content of AT. In conclusion, an electroactive polyurethane fibrous membrane mimicking natural periosteum was prepared via electrospinning and showed good potential application in guiding bone tissue regeneration.
Overcoming Rape: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Psychological and Physical Health Functioning of Male Survivors
Authors: Leclerc Sarah , Martin Luci A.
Published: September 2024

When examining sexual assault, men are often hidden from the literature. The current study employed a mixed-methods, convergent parallel design to examine the experiences of 22 male survivors of sexual assault (mean age = 44.19, SD = 13.28, range 18–65; 91% European American; 50% heterosexual). Survivors were administered an online survey using quantitative and qualitative questions to assess rape myths, gender roles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, resiliency, coping, overall mental and physical health, and diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sexual dysfunction. Three key themes emerged from the integration of quantitative and qualitative data: (a) Help is Elusive, (b) Internal Struggles and External Strengths, and (c) Living with Clinical Diagnoses. This study adds to an important area of the literature that increases understanding of men’s experiences with sexual violence and honors the voices of these survivors.
Too Cold to Venture There? January Temperature and Immigrant Self-Employment Across the United States
Authors: Lee Jun Yeong , Winters John V.
Published: September 2024

Immigrants in the United States have higher self-employment rates than native-born Americans. However, immigrant self-employment rates vary considerably across areas of the country. The authors examine the percentage of immigrant workers in local areas who are self-employed (i.e., the self-employment rate for the foreign born). Areas with colder winter temperatures have especially low self-employment rates among their immigrant populations compared to warmer areas. The relationship between winter temperature and immigrant self-employment persists after controlling for numerous individual and local area characteristics. The relationship holds for numerous subsamples of immigrants but is strongest for immigrants arriving to the United States as adults. Child immigrants and native-born Americans exhibit a weaker relationship, possibly because of previous exposure and attachment to particular locations chosen by their parents that constrain the migration responses of potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial immigrants arriving to the country as adults appear especially footloose and particularly responsive to January temperatures in their location decisions.
Aligning hard skills demands between Brazilian universities and the labor market: A conceptual model for bridging the gap
Authors: Souza Fabiane Florencio de , Corsi Alana , Pagani Regina Negri , Gidel Thierry , Kovaleski João Luiz
Published: September 2024

Unemployment is a global issue that impacts millions of people. Some studies identify the lack of hard skills as a significant barrier to entering or re-entering the labor market. It can also hinder job retention and limit opportunities for promotions and salary increases. Taking this scenario into consideration, this article proposes a strategy to address unemployment caused by the lack of hard skills, specifically targeting higher education students. This paper proposes a conceptual model designed for future implementation, which integrates university educational programs with the hard skills demanded by job openings in Brazil. To achieve this goal, a systematic literature review was performed, leading to the development and description of the conceptual model. The theoretical findings highlight the originality of this study, with the conceptual model serving as a preliminary step toward better aligning university programs with labor market needs through more targeted planning of higher education offerings.
Using linked electronic medical record-pharmacy data to examine lupus medication adherence: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Kai , Wojdyla Daniel , Shah Ankoor , Eudy Amanda M , Clowse Megan EB
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Medication nonadherence is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated with morbidity and mortality. We explored the reliability of pharmacy data within the electronic medical record (EMR) to examine factors associated with nonadherence to SLE medications.

Methods

We included patients with SLE who were prescribed ≥1 SLE medication for ≥90 days. We compared two datasets of pharmacy fill data, one within the EMR and another from the vendor who obtained this information from pharmacies and prescription benefit managers. Adherence was defined by medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥80%. In addition to MPR for each SLE medication, we evaluated the weighted-average MPR and the proportion of patients adherent to ≥1 SLE medication and to all SLE medications. We used logistic regression to examine factors associated with adherence.

Results

Among 181 patients (median age 36, 96% female, 58% Black), 98% were prescribed hydroxychloroquine, 34% azathioprine, 33% mycophenolate, 18% methotrexate, and 7% belimumab. Among 1276 pharmacy records, 74% overlapped between linked EMR-pharmacy data and data obtained directly from the vendor. Only 9% were available from the vendor but not through linked EMR-pharmacy data. The weighted-average MPR was 57%; 45% were adherent to hydroxychloroquine, 46% to ≥1 SLE medication, and 32% to all SLE medications. Older age was associated with adherence in univariable and multivariable analyses.

Discussion

Our study showed that obtaining linked EMR-pharmacy data is feasible with minimal missing data and can be leveraged in future adherence research. Younger patients were more likely to be nonadherent and may benefit from targeted intervention.
Exploration of Active Ingredients, Targets, and Potential Mechanisms of Er-Miao-San in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Zhou Lin , Chu Jinyan , Yuan Chenyue , Zhao Yong , Yan Yuting , Jing Lin , Ren Jianlin
Published: September 2024

Background

Er-Miao-San (EMS) is a classic prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has shown promising therapeutic effects in clinical practice. However, the specific components and molecular mechanisms of EMS remain unclear.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyze the effective components and molecular mechanisms of EMS in treating CRC through network pharmacology techniques and experimental validation.

Materials and Methods

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database was used to screen the main active chemical components and targets of the EMS formula. The compound structures were verified using the PubChem database, which is an organic small-molecule bioactivity database. GeneCards and OMIM databases were utilized to predict target genes related to CRC. The Cytoscape 3.8 software was used to construct a “Drug-Active Ingredient-Target-Disease” intersection network. The STRING database was employed to analyze the core target protein–protein interaction network shared by EMS and CRC. The core targets were further subjected to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis using the R language. Molecular docking between the core targets and the major active chemical components of EMS was performed using AutoDock software. The impact of the core targets on the prognosis of CRC patients was analyzed using the R language. Subsequently, we validated the potential mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology for the inhibition of CRC cell proliferation by the key proteins in the relevant pathways through CCK8 cell proliferation assays and Western blot experiments.

Results

Molecular docking results showed good docking affinity between the key active components, such as quercetin and baicalein, of EMS and the core targets. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a close correlation between the core targets and the survival prognosis of CRC patients. Cellular experiments showed that EMS significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and may promote apoptosis and autophagy of CRC cells by suppressing the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion

The TCM formula EMS exerts anti-CRC effects through multiple pathways and targets, improving the prognosis and extending the survival period of CRC patients. This study provides preliminary insights into the effective components and molecular mechanisms of EMS in the treatment of CRC, which were preliminarily validated through molecular docking and experimental approaches.
Feasibility of Using Simulation to Evaluate Implementation Fidelity in an Advance Care Planning Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Cotter Valerie T. , Sloan Danetta H. , Scerpella Daniel L. , Smith Kelly M. , Abshire Saylor Martha , Wolff Jennifer L.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Traditional methods of fidelity monitoring are not possible in pragmatic trials in real-world clinical settings. We describe our approach to monitoring and reinforcing the fidelity to ACP conversations for a hard-to-reach subpopulation by using standardized patients in a pragmatic trial. Research Design and Methods: We developed standardized patient scenarios grounded in the Respecting Choices First Steps™ Advance Care Planning curriculum to provide an opportunity to reinforce and assess ACP facilitator competency. Scenarios represented one-on-one encounters. The first case was a standardized patient with cognitive impairment and the second case involved a standardized patient with dementia and their care partner. A previously validated fidelity checklist was used to score skills and behaviors observed during simulations including encounter set-up, ACP topics, and general communication. Simulations involved voice teleconferencing to align primary modality of ACP in the pragmatic trial. Results: Six facilitators completed two standardized patient cases each. Overall fidelity scores were moderately high (78.8% ± 11.7; 63.4 – 95.6) for the case with cognitive impairment and for the case with the patient with dementia and care partner (76.2% ± 13.0; 54.4 – 91.5). Discussion and Implications: Simulation using standardized patients supported fidelity monitoring and provided coachable feedback to support facilitator competency. Our study can help inform future research and training related to advance care planning in older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.
Reexamining the Bonds Between Us: Interview With Nhat Nguyen From the IAMFC Conference in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Flamez Brande’ , Nguyen Nhat , McDevitt Evelyn , Moore Martina
Published: September 2024

In the Summer of 2023, the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors launched their first conference in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The conference theme was “Reexamining the Bonds Between Us.” The authors had the opportunity to interview Dr. Nguyen who was presenting. During the interview, Dr. Nguyen shares his expertise on the history of Vietnam, stigmas of mental health, implications for people diagnosed with a mental health disorder, common presenting problems for individuals, couples, and families, and best practices for working with clients in Vietnam.
Age is a Risk Factor for Poor Knowledge About Venous Thromboembolism Treatment
Authors: Catella Judith , Rivoire Emeraude , Abejiou Ilham , Quiquandon Samuel , Desmurs-Clavel Helene , Dargaud Yesim
Published: September 2024

To limit complications and optimize anticoagulant therapy, some units treating venous thrombo embolism offer a formalized educational program to patients. In our clinic we developed a patient questionnaire to target aspects of patient knowledge about their venous thromboembolism (VTE) disease and their treatment that require reinforcement. The VTE questionnaire, composed of 7 questions, has been proposed to adult patients with a diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism requiring anticoagulant therapy for at least 3 months. Patients who completed the VTE questionnaire between March 2022 and February 2023 were included in the present retrospective study. A poor score was defined as < 5 correct answers. We investigated the factors associated with a poor score on the questionnaire, using univariable and multivariable analysis, in order to better target patients education in our unit. A total of 132 patients were included. The majority were men (56.8%) and the mean (±SD) age was 55.4 (±18.3) years. The total score was < 5 in 43.2% of patients. Those with a poor score most frequently lacked knowledge regarding the treatment; only 22.8% of patients knew of the risk of bleeding, 5.3% the contraindication of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs NSAIDs, and 19.3% knew of the precautions related to physical activity. In multivariate analysis the only factor associated with poor VTE questionnaire score was age ≥ 55 years (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.14–5.94). Poor knowledge of venous thrombo embolism concerned older patients and particularly treatment-related aspects.
Differentiation of bacterial orbital cellulitis and diffuse non-specific orbital inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ang Terence , Tong Jessica Y. , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To examine the radiological differences between bacterial orbital cellulitis (OC) and diffuse non-specific orbital inflammation (DNSOI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Retrospective study of patients with OC and DNSOI with an MRI orbital scan. Localised orbital inflammation (e.g., idiopathic dacryoadenitis and myositis), quiescent orbital inflammation and pre-septal cellulitis were excluded.

Results

Thirty-two patients presenting between 2008 and 2023, including twenty-one OC patients (mean age: 42.5 ± 24.9 years old, male: 6), and eleven DNSOI patients (mean age: 52.3 ± 17.8 years old, male: 16). Both OC and DNSOI demonstrate orbital fat contrast-enhancement. However, whilst OC demonstrated a hyperintense T2 signal (P < 0.001), variable signal was observed in DNSOI, with a hypointense T2 signal more suggestive of DNSOI (P = 0.012). When the lacrimal glands were involved, indistinct margins were more likely in OC (P < 0.001), whilst gross enlargement and contrast-enhancement was observed in DNSOI (P = 0.032 and 0.017, respectively). Peripheral contrast-enhancement of the extraocular muscle (EOM) (P = 0.002) was more common in OC, whilst DNSOI demonstrated variable contrast-enhancement throughout the affected EOM (P < 0.001). The presence of contralateral abnormalities, such as lacrimal gland enlargement and EOM involvement, are more suggestive of DNSOI.

Conclusion

Several MRI features, beyond overt sinogenic disease, may help to differentiate OC from DNSOI, including the orbital fat signal intensity, EOM and/or lacrimal gland involvement, and contralateral orbital abnormalities. However, these features may not be specific, and thus highlights the ongoing radiological dilemma clinicians are faced when tasked with differentiating between infectious and non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.
Traumatic native hip dislocation in the absence of acetabular or femoral fracture in adults: a retrospective study reporting clinical and radiological outcomes from a major trauma centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Varma Jonny , Jones Conor S , Fraser Tristan , Fowler Tim , Ward Anthony , Chesser Tim , Acharya Mehool
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Posterior native hip dislocations (NHD) are high-energy injuries. Thompson-Epstein Type I dislocations describe those without significant associated femoral or acetabular fracture. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with Type I NHDs. We also evaluate the association between radiological indicators of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and NHD.

Patients and methods:

A retrospective study from January 2012 to May 2021 compared skeletally mature patients (⩾16 years) with Type I posterior NHD to age and gender-matched controls with Type II–V posterior NHD. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, complications and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are presented. Post reduction radiographs and computed tomography were used to assess for FAI. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate radiological outcomes.

Results:

13 patients (77% male) with Type I posterior NHD were compared to a control group of 40 patients (80% male) with Type II–V posterior NHD. 11 patients in the study group and 14 in the control group experienced isolated injuries ( p = 0.01). Post-reduction complications were similar. The study group had significantly lower post-injury osteoarthritis incidence ( n = 0) compared to controls ( n = 18, p = 0.0083). Patients reported a mean Oxford Hip Score of 43.5 ± 2.2 and EQ-5D-VAS score of 87.1 ± 7.4, with 6 patients indicating minimal symptoms across all EQ-5D-5L domains. Radiological femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was prevalent in both groups, especially among males.

Conclusions:

Patients who underwent emergent closed reduction of Type I NHD demonstrated good short to medium term outcomes. Our radiological findings suggest a high prevalence of FAI. Future work should aim to quantify longer term outcomes following this injury. We call for further comparative studies of patients who suffer NHD with and without fractures to aid our understanding of risk factors. Given the rarity of this injury, multicentre efforts will be required to capture large numbers of patients.
Images of the Present and Possible: Analyzing the Climate Movement Through Its Utopias
Authors: Eskelinen Teppo , Lakkala Keijo
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes utopian thinking within the current climate movement, with a particular focus on the Finnish movement, and develops analysis of contemporary society through utopias. Empirically, it is based on material collected in the context of a protest week called ‘Utopia rebellion’, in Helsinki in 2022. We use material such as statements, blog posts, and social media content produced by climate activists, as they aimed to form an idea of utopian society beyond their demands on climate policy. We argue that in order to understand any utopian vision properly, one needs to understand not only how it conceptualizes the ideal society, but also how it (implicitly) interprets the nature and problems of the existing one, and the function of utopias. From this starting point, we develop an analysis of the movement by looking at its utopias, conceptions of the present, and uses of utopias. In the image of the movement formed this way, the key components emerging from the analyses are related to redefinitions of work, reconnecting with one’s community, and the possibilities of identities to flourish.
A taste of Nordic freedom: The problematic marketing of nicotine pouches in the United Kingdom
Authors: O’Hagan Lauren Alex
Published: September 2024

Aims: In the UK, nicotine pouches are growing in popularity, particularly among young people. This study investigated the Instagram marketing strategies of one leading brand, Nordic Spirit. Methods: A total of 496 Instagram posts published by Nordic Spirit between 2019 and 2023 were collected and organised into themes using qualitative content analysis to identify recurring patterns. Then, multimodal critical discourse analysis was employed to explore the different linguistic and other semiotic resources at work in posts, their ideological patterns and how they work together to frame nicotine pouches as an essential product for young people. Results: The study identified four key messages that Nordic Spirit uses to target young people: (1) fun and freedom; (2) Nordic happiness; (3) fuss-free and discreet; and (4) healthy and scientifically rational. It found that posts are often misleading, underplay the dangers of nicotine and frame nicotine pouches as trendy lifestyle products rather than as smoking alternatives. Conclusion: The results underline the dangers of such marketing strategies in encouraging nicotine addiction and dependence. Consequently, the UK government and Advertising Standards Authority should do more to clamp down on these social media posts and introduce tighter regulations to protect young people and uphold their freedom from exploitation.
Stress experiences of women in policing: A scoping review
Authors: Rabichuk Susan Bourassa , Williamson Linzi , Frankel Sid
Published: September 2024

Policewomen can be significantly impacted by stress, resulting in mental health challenges. Although numerous studies have explored experiences among women in policing, few have focused on the stress that can accompany these experiences and their impacts. We conducted a scoping review of stress among policewomen to explore and summarize the current breadth of research in this area and identify potential knowledge gaps and opportunities for further study. Ten databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Manual searches of reference lists and book chapters were also completed. Twenty-five peer-reviewed articles, one book chapter, one thesis, and one dissertation were included in the current review. An inductive thematic analysis was completed, and six categories relating to policewomen's workplace stress experiences and their impacts were identified. The categories included gendered institutions, gender identity and gendered roles in policing, sexual harassment and discriminatory experiences, organizational relationships between gender, career progression and promotion, policewomen and parenting, organizational change, and stressors and associated health effects for women police officers. Although the experiences were thoroughly described, their connection to stress and the effects on mental health were not. Robust research into the overall impacts of workplace stress on policewomen's mental health is needed, including exploring generative mechanisms capable of producing the stress experiences and resulting mental health challenges to develop appropriate policies, practices, and interventions.
Korean assessment of adult basic literacy: Instrument development
Authors: Heo Joon , Lee Jihye , Park Soyoun , Kil Hyeji , Kim Jihyun
Published: September 2024

This study describes the development of a Korean assessment instrument measuring adults’ basic literacy ability. Instrument items were generated from a literature review, inputs from experts through the Delphi method, and focus group interviews. Items and measurement procedures were tested and confirmed through three steps of pilot implementations. As a result, three sets of test items measuring up to level 4 of the Korean basic literacy ability for adults were successfully developed. This assessment is simple, fast, and inexpensive and reflects the distinctive characteristics of the Korean language and Korean contexts. The instrument’s practicality will contribute to its further utilization in identifying and supporting adults in need of basic literacy education.
Reclaiming Initial Teacher Education in universities: Moving beyond a technicist model
Authors: Glazzard Jonathan , Tate Adam
Published: September 2024

Recent policy developments in England, particularly since 2021, have resulted in increased regulation and marketisation of Initial Teacher Training (ITT)/Initial Teacher Education (ITE). Although the origins of these developments go back much further than 2021, the current context in which ITE operates in England is, arguably, both challenging and unstable. Since 2010, the Government has increased the involvement of schools in ITE, creating an unstable climate for those who work in ITE in universities, through the School Direct initiative. School-Centred Initial teacher Training (SCITT) routes also precede this. The involvement of schools in ITE in England has extended to schools taking a leading role in the recruitment, selection and training of teachers and these developments have also, in some quarters, resulted in an anti-intellectual, anti-theoretical and anti-university discourse, which has been damaging to universities. This paper argues that current policy developments in ITE are reductionist and technicist and makes a case for the role of universities in ITE.
Fostering educational excellence and addressing neoliberal challenges: Perspectives from principals and educators in Arab private schools in Israel
Authors: Hussain Jamal A
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the firsthand experiences of educators within private Arab schools in Israel in response to the escalating trends of privatization. Through conducting semi-structured interviews with 10 principals and educators from private institutions, a phenomenological approach was employed to uncover their perspectives on achievements and neoliberal challenges encountered in their educational roles. The findings elucidate a nuanced interplay of factors propelling the privatization process, including the demand for quality education, the cultivation of identity, and discontentment with public schooling systems. Participants highlighted the advantages offered by the flexibility and resources available in private educational settings. Nonetheless, concerns surfaced regarding issues of equitable access, regulatory oversight, workload demands, and clashes with the Ministry of Education’s privatization policies. Educators articulated both the benefits and risks associated with the privatization of schools. The study advocates for the implementation of standardized oversight mechanisms, specialized training to uphold principles of equity, fostering public–private partnerships, and the necessity for further research to shape practical policy that align privatization with educational excellence and equal opportunities. Insights gleaned from educational leaders navigating the complexities of privatization serve as a compass for devising strategies aimed at enhancing Arab schooling through evidence-based reforms.
A review on AI-driven environmental-assisted stress corrosion cracking properties of conventional and advanced manufactured alloys
Authors: Mathew Christian , Adu-Gyamfi Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) poses a significant challenge to the integrity and longevity of both conventional and advanced manufactured alloys, impacting critical industries such as aerospace, marine, and nuclear energy. This review explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse and predict SCC properties. Traditional alloys such as steel, aluminium, and titanium, as well as advanced materials such as additive-manufactured and high-entropy alloys, exhibit unique SCC behaviours influenced by corrosive environments, mechanical stress, and temperature variations. AI techniques, including machine learning models, offer transformative approaches to understanding and mitigating SCC. Leveraging extensive datasets from experiments and field studies, AI can identify patterns and correlations that traditional methods might miss. Predictive modelling through supervised learning forecasts SCC initiation and propagation, aiding in material design and maintenance. Unsupervised and reinforcement learning enhances alloy composition and processing parameter optimisation for better SCC resistance. In conventional alloys, AI identifies specific SCC conditions, leading to improved protective measures. For advanced alloys, AI-driven insights tailor additive manufacturing processes and design high-entropy alloys with superior corrosion resistance. This review includes case studies demonstrating AI's effectiveness in predicting SCC across various alloy–environment combinations, highlighting successes and challenges. Despite hurdles such as data quality and integration, AI holds immense potential to revolutionise SCC research, enhancing understanding of SCC mechanisms and fostering innovations in alloy design and preventative maintenance.
Comparison of Effects Between Telerehabilitation and In-Person Rehabilitation After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: de Aviz Leonardo Breno do Nascimento , Alves Camila Ferreira , Fonte Carolina Lima da , Corrêa Lorena de Nazaré Rocha , Progênio Raphaely Cristiny Sanches , Guedes Laerte Jonatas Leray , Neves Laura Maria Tomazi , Rassy Carneiro Saul
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To compare the effects between telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation on physical function, pain and quality of life in patients with breast cancer after surgery.

Design:

Randomized, controlled, and parallel study that involved post-surgical oncological breast surgery patients who were female and aged between 18 and 70 years. The study was conducted in an outpatient environment, and the participants were randomized using a computer system. Population was divided into 2 groups: G1 (n = 20), who received face-to-face care, and G2 (n = 24), who received telerehabilitation. Participants were followed for 15 and 45 days postoperatively. The study’s primary outcomes were based on 44 patients (n = 44). Values of changes in quality of life, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and upper limb functionality were compared for both groups during the 15 to 45 day postoperative.

Results:

Both groups exhibited progressive improvements in range of motion, muscle strength, functionality, and quality of life over time (15- and 45-days post-operatively [PO]), indicating a positive response to treatment. Patients in G2 demonstrated more significant improvements in range of motion and muscle strength, as well as better functionality and quality of life compared to G1, particularly after 45 days PO. Additionally, G2 exhibited a more significant reduction in fatigue after 45 days PO.

Conclusions:

Telerehabilitation is a viable option with good usability, and has been shown to produce results similar to in-person physiotherapy in most cases, and even superior in some. Long-term intervention studies are needed for the development of telerehabilitation.