bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OJK & SISTEM EKONOMI MONETER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zahra Sufiani
Published: November 2022

OJK ini merupakan lembaga yang bukan bagian dari kekuasaan pemerintahan, dan dijalankan dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola yang baik, yang meliputi akuntabilitas, transparansi, independensi, pertanggungjawaban, dan kewajaran (fairness). Tujuan dibentuknya OJK ini adalah untuk memenuhi dan melindungi kebutuhan dan kepentingan masyarakat, mewujudkan sistem keuangan yang stabil dan berkelanjutan, dan terselenggaranya sistem keuangan yang teratur, adil akuntabel dan transparan. Oleh sebab itu, OJK memiliki peran yang penting dalam menjaga daya saing dan meningkatkan perekonomian di Indonesia.
SISTEM KEUANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Zahra Sufiani
Published: November 2022

Prinsip dasar syariah yang digunakan oleh sistem keuangan ini berasal dari aturan yang sudah ditetapkan pada Al Qur’an dan juga sunah yang dipercaya oleh agama Islam. Larangan yang dilakukan pada sistem keuangan syariah yaitu melarang adanya riba, perjudian, monopoli, penipuan, gharar, penimbunan barang dll. Oleh karena itu, segala aktifitas keuangan pada sistem ini harus sesuai dengan prinsip syariah sebagaimana sudah diatur melalui Al Qur’an dan sunah.
Canonical phonology and criterial conflicts: Relating and resolving four dilemmas of phonological typology
Authors: Round Erich
Published: November 2022

Typologists strive to compare like with like, but four dilemmas make this challenging in phonology: (1) the non-uniqueness of phonological analysis; and the existence of (2) multiple levels of analysis; (3) multiple theories of phonology; and (4) analytical interdependencies between phonological phenomena. Here I argue that the four dilemmas can be coherently related, and then addressed together. I introduce the concept of criterial conflicts, derived from notions in canonical typology. Criterial conflicts arise in the presence of an unexpected pairing of properties that pulls an analysis in two directions. This contradictory pull and its resolution in different directions leads by various paths to the four dilemmas. Concrete strategies are then discussed for countering the common, underlying problem. I observe that criterial conflicts are well handled by factorial analysis (i.e., multiple normalization) and multivariate analysis, but not by simple normalization. Illustrative examples are taken from the canonical typology of segments.
Anti kekerasan seksual
Authors: manek Saverindasel susanti
Published: November 2022

Kekerasan seksual merupakan permasalahan hukum di masyarakat dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang serius. Kekerasan seksual adalah salah satu dari kejahatan yang angka peningkatan kasus yang tinggi dan kasus kejahatan yang paling serius. Angka kekerasan seksual meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan metode total sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 120 kasus kekerasan seksual dari tahun 2009 sampai 2014. Secara umum, korban berjenis kelamin perempuan (99,1%) dengan usia 0-18 tahun (95,8%) dan merupakan seorang pelajar (59,17%). Kasus paling sering adalah kasus kekerasan (95,83%) dengan kekerasan tumpul (99,16%), dimana sebagian besar korban memiliki robekan lama pada selaput dara (68,33%).
Anti kekerasan seksual
Authors: Bere Osriani Marlinda
Published: November 2022

Kekerasan seksual merupakan permasalahan hukum di masyarakat dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang serius. Kekerasan seksual adalah salah satu dari kejahatan yang angka peningkatan kasus yang tinggi dan kasus kejahatan yang paling serius. Angka kekerasan seksual meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan metode total sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 120 kasus kekerasan seksual dari tahun 2009 sampai 2014. Secara umum, korban berjenis kelamin perempuan (99,1%) dengan usia 0-18 tahun (95,8%) dan merupakan seorang pelajar (59,17%). Kasus paling sering adalah kasus kekerasan (95,83%) dengan kekerasan tumpul (99,16%), dimana sebagian besar korban memiliki robekan lama pada selaput dara (68,33%).
Comparing Different Trend Estimation Approaches in International Large-Scale Assessment Studies
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander , Lüdtke Oliver
Published: November 2022

One major aim of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) like PISA is to monitor changes in student performance over time. To accomplish this task, a set of common items (i.e., link items) is repeatedly administered in each assessment. Linking methods based on item response theory (IRT) models are used to align the results from the different assessments on a common scale. This work employs the one-parameter logistic (1PL) and the two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT models as scaling models for dichotomous item response data. The present article discusses different types of trend estimates for countries in ILSA. These types differ in three aspects. First, the trend can be assessed by an indirect or direct linking approach for linking a country’s performance at an international metric. Second, the linking for the trend estimation can rely on either all items or only the link items. Third, item parameters can be assumed to be invariant or noninvariant across countries. It is shown that the most often employed trend estimation methods of original trends and marginal trends can be conceived as particular cases in this classification. Through a simulation study, it is demonstrated that trend estimates using a direct linking approach and those that rely on only link items outperformed alternatives for the 1PL model with uniform country differential item functioning (DIF) and the 2PL model with uniform and nonuniform country DIF. We also illustrated the performance of the different scaling models for assessing the PISA trend from PISA 2006 to PISA 2009 in the cognitive domains of reading, mathematics, and science. In this empirical application, linking errors based on jackknifing testlets were utilized that adequately quantify DIF effects in the uncertainty of trend estimates.
Sedekah Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Surat Al-Hadid Ayat 18
Authors: Abdurrahman Ridwan , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2022

Sedekah sudah tidak asing lagi di kalangan umat muslim, sedekah merupakan salah satu amalan yang berfungsi untuk membantu satu sama lain, dengan sedekah seseorang dapat meringankan urusan orang lain khususnya bagi yang kurang mampu, selain dapat meringankan urusan orang lain sedekah juga dapat memberikan keutamaan atau ganjaran sendiri bagi pelakunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tinjauan sedekah dalam Al-Qur‟an, manfaat sedekah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan menanggulangi kemiskinan, keutamaan bagi orang yang sedekah, sedekah di Indonesia, dsbnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni dengan metode tahlili ( analitik ) dan maudhu‟i ( tematik ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwasanya sedekah merupakan salah satu faktor yang cukup siginifikan dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat.
Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak
Authors: Firdaus Vestin Aulia
Published: November 2022

Tak bisa dipungkiri banyak beredarnya berita tentang kekerasan seksual terhadap anak kini menjadi kekhawatiran bagi banyak pihak. Namun sayang banyak korban yang memilih diam dan enggan untuk melapor karna adanya ancaman dari pelaku dan kurangnya pengetahuan bahwa hal itu merupakan tindakan yang tidak wajar. Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak akan berdampak panjang, di samping berdampak pada masalah kesehatan di kemudian hari, juga berkaitan dengan trauma yang berkepanjangan, bahkan hingga dewasa. Dampak trauma akibat kekerasan seksual yang dialami oleh anak-anak, antara lain: pengkhianatan atau hilangnya kepercayaan anak terhadap orang dewasa (betrayal); trauma secara seksual (traumatic sexualization); merasa tidak berdaya (powerlessness); dan stigma (stigmatization). Secara psikis kekerasan seksual kenapa anak dapat menimbulkan trauma, ketagihan, bahkan pembalasan dendam.
(Media Attention to) Misinformation can Undermine Trust in Information Institutions
Authors: Hoes Emma , Clemm von Hohenberg Bernhard , Gessler Theresa , Wojcieszak Magdalena , Qian Sijia
Published: November 2022

Could news coverage of misinformation and fake news be harmful? Across two studies on U.S. citizens, we examine whether news coverage of misinformation generates misperceptions and decreases levels of trust in information institutions (i.e., media and scientists) and whether its effects can be comparable to those of exposure to untrustworthy content. We rely on an online experiment using mock social media posts (Study 1, N = 1,670) and also on online behavioral tracking data paired with over-time survey self-reports (Study 2, N = 804). Study 1 finds that exposure to both actual misinformation and the coverage of misinformation increase misperceptions, but does not decrease trust. Study 2 presents evidence that behaviorally tracked visits to untrustworthy sites and exposure to news coverage of misinformation ---although relatively rare --- do not affect misperceptions, but both predict lower levels of trust in scientists. These results support concerns that not only misinformation but also its coverage contribute to epistemic uncertainty by eroding confidence in credible sources of knowledge, and warrant further inquiry in to the potential harms of news media's attention of misinformation.
The relationship of divergent thinking with broad retrieval ability and processing speed: A meta-analysis
Authors: Miroshnik Kirill G. , Forthmann Boris , Karwowski Maciej , Benedek Mathias
Published: November 2022

The present study aimed to integrate evidence on the relationship among divergent thinking (DT), broad retrieval ability (Gr), and processing speed (Gs) with a three-level meta-analytic approach. The analysis was conducted on 536 effect sizes obtained from 41 studies with an overall sample of 9055 participants. Results indicated moderate mean correlations for both the DT–Gr (r = .48, 95% CI: [.40, .56]) and the DT–Gs relationship (r = .33, 95% CI: [.21, .43]). Notably, the correlation between DT and Gr was significantly higher than between DT and Gs, and the former remained significant even after controlling for the Gr–Gs correlation (r = .36, 95% CI: [.27, .46]). Moderation analyses revealed that the DT–Gr link was moderated by the modality of DT tests, whereas the DT–Gs link was moderated by the modality of DT tests and type of DT instruction. Overall, these findings support the claim on the essential role of broad retrieval ability and processing speed in creative idea production.
Single-Trial Detection of Event-Related Potentials with Integral Shape Averaging: An Application to the Elusive N400
Authors: Rocco Giulia , RIX Hervé , Lebrun Jerome , GUETAT Sophie , Chanquoy Lucile , Meste Olivier , MAGNIE-MAURO Marie-Noële
Published: November 2022

The estimation of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) from the ambient EEG is a difficult task, usually achieved through the synchronous averaging of an extensive series of trials. However, this technique has some caveats: the ERPs have to be strictly time-locked with similar shape, i.e. emitted with the same latency and the same profile, with minor fluctuations of their amplitudes. Also, the method requires a huge number of valid trials (~100) to efficiently raise the ERPs from the EEG trials. In the case of cognitive ERPs, as with the N400, the delivered stimulus has to be different for each trial, the latencies are varying, and the number of available trials is usually low. In this paper, an alternative method, coined Integral Shape Averaging (ISA) and its derivatives are detailed. ISA is robust to varying latencies and affine transforms of shape. Furthermore, a new method coined ISAD can be derived to extract ERPs even from a single trial experiment. The aim here is to illustrate the potential of ISAD for N400 component extraction on real EEG data, with emphasis on its general applicability for ERPs computation and its major assets like reduced experimental protocol. Some insights are also given on its potential use to study ERP variability, through shape and latency.
Acquisition of Malayalam inflections: Complexity of morphosyntactic rules and its impact on developing grammars
Authors: Krishnan Gayathri G , Raghunathan Arathi , Sarma Vaijayanthi M
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we present an analysis of the complexity of grammatical constraints and their impact on early language acquisition of inflectional morphemes in Malayalam. We use the natural speech production data of two monolingual children acquiring Malayalam between the ages 1;9–2;10 and 2;3–3;0 and three bilingual children acquiring Malayalam-English between the ages 1;9–2;8, 2;0–3;0, and 1;10–2;11 to recover the underlying grammatical constraints that govern the correct productions as well as errors across monolingual and bilingual contexts. We find that rules that reference lexico-semantic properties to be particularly challenging to the young children.
Functional sophistication in human escape
Authors: Sporrer Juliana Katharina , Brookes Jack , Hall Samson , Zabbah Sajjad , Hernandez Ulises Daniel Serratos , Bach Dominik R
Published: November 2022

Animals including humans must cope with immediate threat and make rapid decisions to survive. Without much leeway for cognitive or motor errors, this poses a formidable computational problem. Utilizing fully-immersive virtual reality with 13 natural threats, we examined escape decisions in N = 59 humans. We show that escape goals are dynamically updated according to environmental changes. The decision whether and when to escape depends on time-to-impact, threat identity and predicted trajectory, and stable personal characteristics. Its implementation appears to integrate secondary goals such as behavioral affordances. Perturbance experiments show that the underlying decision algorithm exhibits planning properties and can integrate novel actions. In contrast, rapid information-seeking and foraging-suppression are only partly devaluation-sensitive. Instead of being instinctive or hardwired stimulus-response patterns, human escape decisions integrate multiple variables in a flexible computational architecture. Taken together, we provide steps toward a computational model of how the human brain rapidly solves survival challenges.
Educational Differences in Fertility Among Female Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Poikilainen Maria , Einiö Elina , Pietiläinen Marjut , Myrskylä Mikko
Published: November 2022

Same-sex couples increasingly often live in legally recognized unions and have children as a couple. The accessibility of parenthood, however, depends on intersecting contextual and couple-level characteristics. Using Finnish register data on female same-sex couples who registered their partnership in 2006–2015, during which important legal reforms regarding same-sex parenthood took place, we explore how education and the existence of prior children predict childbearing within the same-sex partnership. Female same-sex couples’ likelihood of having a child within five years of registering a partnership increased from 34% to 43% over the observation window. This increase was not universal. For couples educated to tertiary level, the increase was from 39% to 52%. For primary and lower-secondary levels, the likelihood decreased from 26% to 8%. Couples with the highest level of education and no prior children were most likely to have a child, and couples with low education and a prior child born before the partnership were least likely to do so. These results highlight how intersectional factors shape female same-sex couples’ fertility behavior. Intensifying educational differences in couples’ fertility may reflect changes in couple-level characteristics as well as institutional barriers to childbearing that need more attention.
The Research Premium: Undergraduate Research Experiences and Early Employment
Authors: VanEseltine Matthew , Coty Victoria , Van Noy Michelle , Owen-Smith Jason
Published: November 2022

Research experiences provide educational and intellectual benefits to undergraduate students alongside traditional coursework. However, little prior work has directly examined the relationship between a student’s participation in research and their later employment outcomes. Drawing on years of transaction-level administrative records from nine universities, we identify students with paid research experiences on grants from NIH, NSF, and other federal funders alongside a comparison group of students with paid federal work-study employment. Record linkage to later employment information allows us to follow students beyond their university years, measuring estimated salary (n = 15,528) and employment churn (n = 16,628). Using generalized linear models, we estimate differences between research and work-study experiences associated with these two outcomes. Those with federally funded paid research work as undergraduates, our findings demonstrate, have higher salaries and fewer job changes in their early careers. These results support the vision of the university as a site of integrated research and teaching, where students’ engagement with research contributes to personal and professional development.
World Health Organization Is Losing Credibility Towards Health-Sensitive Topics: Infodemiological Analysis of Facebook Users' Reactions
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: November 2022

The scientific infodemic constitutes one of the greatest threats to public health and safety today. Specifically, dis-misinformation regarding health-sensitive issues – like vaccines and climate change – is capable of causing severe epidemiological damage as well as jeopardizing the future of the human race. The main infodemiological countermeasures to this phenomenon include infoveillance, a scientific-epistemological training base for the lay public and researchers, and the improvement of the communication skills of the scientific community. Moreover, the success of a science dissemination campaign strongly depends on the credibility of the national and international government agencies assigned to the task. In this regard, this paper investigated the users' infodemic reactions on the official Facebook page of the most important health institution in the world, the World Health Organization. These findings showed a worrying increase in derision reactions about climate change-related posts (up to 22% in November 2022, with a quadratically growing trend over time since December 2020). Furthermore, infodemic reactions such as anger and especially derision made up the majority of emotional reactions to vaccine-related posts since 2021 and up to 44% of total reactions in November 2022 (median since July 2021 = 9%, IQR: 4% - 14 %). These findings signal that the World Health Organization is losing public credibility towards extremely relevant issues for global health. Infodemiological interventions in accordance with the recent literature are urgently required.
Towards Creating Smart Cities in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ambika P. , Bhattarai Keshav
Published: November 2022

Many urban centers in the world are seeking to become smart cities. Nepali city leaders are also aspiring to make their cities smart. A smart city basically has clever improvements made in three sectors of its operations: technological, human, and institutional. Globally, many cities have recently made impressive enhancements in at least one or more of these areas. Nepal’s National Planning Commission (NPC) in 2016 had released a concept paper on smart cities for Nepal, defining smart cities as sustainable, information and technology-based, with high quality services and replicable (NPC 2016). As most Nepali cities still operate with limited infrastructure, services, and amenities, making them smart is a challenging task. However, some elements of a smart city can be incrementally and selectively implemented by the Nepali urban governments. This paper assesses the successes and challenges in some of the smart cities globally, and as an example assesses the pollution reduction and efficiency impact of adopting a bus-rapid transit system in Nepal. It is seen that a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system for the Kathmandu Valley consisting of electrical buses, will drastically reduce air pollution, and improve mobility for the residents. Urban leaders in Nepal can begin to identify such a transit related and other smart elements to be gradually implemented in their cities which will improve efficiency of urban services, enhance quality of life for the urban residents, and promote sustainability of the overall urban system.
Illuminating manipulative design: From ‘dark patterns’ to information asymmetry and the repression of free choice under the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
Authors: Leiser Mark , Yang Wen-Ting
Published: November 2022

'Dark patterns' are defined as ‘tricks used in websites and apps that make you do things that you didn’t mean to, like buying or signing up for something.’ The term describes ‘deceptive’ and ‘manipulative’ techniques implemented when designing an app, website, or platform to change a user’s behaviour in a way that would not have happened without the dark pattern. Yet much of the academic scholarship on the regulation of manipulative design has focused on privacy and data protection legislation. This article identifies seventeen common types of ‘dark patterns’. It facilitates critical, legal, and regulatory dialogue by proposing a new taxonomy consistent with the relative provisions of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD). Critical analysis of three respected dark patterns taxonomies provides the basis for analysis of the protections provided to consumers by the UCPD. This approach focuses on the category of dark patterns we refer to as relying on ‘Information Asymmetry’ and an analysis of practices we identify as causing ‘Free Choice Repression.’ The article closes with policy recommendations to improve the regulation of dark patterns for commercial purposes.
Some frames speak louder than others when communicating for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Kusmanoff Alex , Garrard Georgia , Bekessy Sarah
Published: November 2022

How information is framed affects how people respond, yet evidence for the effectiveness of framing for generating support for biodiversity conservation is surprisingly sparse. We conduct the first empirical test of conservation message frames, using a hypothetical scenario of a proposed mining development. Embedding different expert statements within a mock newspaper article led to substantial differences in conservation support. The influence of frames varied with political persuasion; ‘ecosystem services’ and ‘awe and wonder of nature’ frames were most effective for conservative and liberal audiences, respectively. For conservatives, any conservation message was more effective than none, except conservation triage, which was counterproductive across all audiences. Social norms were powerful for generating resistance to the mine; respondents were otherwise seduced by the message that trade-offs between development and conservation are avoidable. We provide the first evidence for the critical influence of framing on support for biodiversity, which will improve conservation message effectiveness.
Climate change and Twitter in Belgium
Authors: Pedraza Andrea Pizarro , Cougnon Louise-Amélie , Catellani Andrea , Samofalova Yuliya , De Schutter Olivier
Published: November 2022

This report is part of the project 2O2CM Overcoming Obstacles and Disincentives to Climate Change Mitigation: A cross-cutting approach by human and social sciences, funded by Solstice (JPI Climate). The goals of this analysis are to understand “how climate change is depicted and communicated in Twitter; what are the obstacles to the adoption of attitudes and behaviours of climate change mitigation: forms of resistance, deformation, and denial; and what textual sources are mostly read, cited and commented on by laypeople and authorities online.” We will tackle these questions from alinguistic perspective, and particularly with a combination of methods from corpus linguistics anddiscourse analysis (which will be explained in detail in section 2.). This will translate very specificallyin the following objectives:Objective 1: Collect a corpus of Belgian French, Climate change-related tweetsObjective 2: Analyze the distribution of the data across segments, time and particular accounts (most active, most mentioned)Objective 3: Analyze the presence and distribution of several important axes related to Climate change that have a crucial impact on individual life (food, transport, energetic efficiency)Objective 4: Extract and analyze the expressions of difficulty in the corpus at different linguistic levels.
Anarchic Social Movements as an Explanation for Rapid Change: A Case Study from the Hohokam World, A.D. 1200 – 1450
Authors: Borck Lewis , Clark Jeffery J.
Published: November 2022

Based on research that regionally contextualizes millions of data points and hundreds of sites, we have previously argued that the Salado phenomenon was a social movement aimed at returning power to all community members in the Hohokam world and led to what archaeologists have problematically called the “Hohokam Collapse.” In this chapter, we explain why terms like collapse indicate an underlying bias and fail to capture intentionality and the achieved positive outcomes of social and political decentralization and why current archaeological explanations may be useful for explaining local changes, but are inadequate for explaining the dramatic transition in cultural practices at the end of the Classic Period for the Hohokam world at large. Finally, we discuss how this new understanding of Salado as a social movement is supported by published Akimel and Tohono O’Odham oral histories.
THE INFLUENCE OF ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS ON LONGLEAF PINE ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION USING PRESCRIBED FIRE
Authors: Thapa Samrajya Bikram
Published: November 2022

When restored to full ecological function, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests are among the most diverse forest ecosystems in the world. Longleaf pine forests provide unique wildlife habitat and research because this forests are highly resistant to disturbance. While a substantial amount of restoration has taken place on public lands, comparably less work has been accomplished on private lands. This project employed a telephone survey to explore challenges and opportunities for restoring longleaf pine ecosystem on private lands. The survey examined the potential interest among NIPF landowners and the general public regarding longleaf pine restoration management, including perceptions of risk, liabilities, and economic constraints associated with prescribed fire. Findings demonstrate that, despite an interest in longleaf pine by the general public and forest landowners, landowners were wary of prescribed fire, an important element in the management of these forests. Conversely, results demonstrated widespread knowledge and interest regarding longleaf pine and prescribed fire’s role in expanding the range of longleaf pine territory. Additionally, respondents expressed an interest in collaborative management with other landowners to take advantage of economies of scale. The chapter concludes with implications for future research and discusses ways to increase dialog among stakeholders to help them understand the risks and opportunities of appropriate longleaf pine management using fire.Key words: Longleaf pine, prescribed fire, nonindustrial private forest landowners, restoration.
Migration from the Middle: Pueblo III Migration Episodes and Patterns of Violence in the Gallina Highlands
Authors: Borck Lewis
Published: November 2022

Archaeological explanations for incidents of violence range from environmental degradation to conflicts over territorial boundaries to raiding for women and/or food. Research presented here argues that migration corridors may also create situations of conflict leading to outright violence using the case study of the Gallina, an Ancestral Pueblo group living in what is now northern New Mexico from approximately A.D. 1100 – 1300. Prior research in the Gallina region focused on the high degree of violence in the region, with no clear understanding about the origins or nature of that violence. I argue in this chapter that by understanding groups in relation to their neighbors, archaeologists can better understand regional processes like migration and violence. Specifically, GIS and least-cost path analyses suggest that the violence in the region is episodic, but also spatially and temporally patterned in ways that correlate with potential corridors of movement of migrants from the Four Corners, traveling through northern New Mexico, toward the Rio Grande and Rio Chama areas.
8. Bibliothekskongress – Freiräume schaffen (Leipzig, 31. Mai – 2. Juni 2022)
Authors: Blumesberger Susanne , Kertelics Verena , Lackner Karin , Sobel Ariella
Published: November 2022

Der Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in den 8. Bibliothekskongress, der vom 31. Mai bis 2. Juni 2022 in Leipzig stattfand und unter dem mehrdeutigen Motto "Freiräume schaffen" stand.
Benefits and Challenges of Zoom Tutoring during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rempel Cassidy , Friesen Helen Lepp
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and challenges of remote/online tutoring using Zoom software/platform at a Canadian university’s Writing Centre during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020/21. In addition to gathering data on the benefits and challenges of online tutoring, this study also provided work and research experience for a Work-Study student in the host department. The study adopted a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach where the employed tutors and tutees that came to the Writing Centre that term were invited to complete a survey asking them about their experience with remote/online tutoring on Zoom. The results indicated that tutors expressed a high rate of satisfaction and preference for Zoom tutoring. In contrast, tutees, although appreciative of the convenience of Zoom tutoring, demonstrated preference for an in-person face-to-face method of tutoring. Some of the benefits of Zoom tutoring for both tutors and tutees were flexibility, working from a comfortable setting like home, not having to secure childcare, and zero commute time. Some of the challenges of Zoom tutoring included technical glitches, isolation from peers and colleagues, lack of motivation, and time zone difference challenges. Besides providing valuable information for the future delivery of Writing Centre services, this study also gave the Work-Study student indispensable experience in conducting primary research. This study received ethics approval from the University Human Ethics Research Board.
Toward Transformative Inclusivity through Learner-driven and Instructor-facilitated Writing Support: An Innovative Approach to Empowering English Language Learners
Authors: Khoo Elaine , Huo Xiangying
Published: November 2022

English Language Learners (ELLs) have long been targets for linguicism (i.e., linguistic racism) as they are often subjected to judgement based on deficit models of language proficiency. To support ELLs during the COVID-19 pandemic, a long-running, co-curricular writing support program based on a Learner-Driven, Instructor-Facilitated (LeD-InF) approach was modified for fully online participation. Through this approach, ELLs develop academic reading, writing, and critical thinking skills, using their respective course materials and personalized responses from their writing instructors who provide inclusive learning opportunities that specifically address ELLs’ unique individual needs. This innovative anti-deficit, proactive, and risk-free approach not only increased learners’ willingness to write and volume of written output in their academic journal entries (objectively tracked through word count), but also developed learner identity, agency, autonomy, as well as confidence. Analysis of written output volume combined with learners’ end-of-program reflections provide pedagogical insights for addressing and redressing deficit models as well as combating linguicism, contributing important steps toward ensuring equity, justice, and transformative inclusivity so that diverse voices can be heard in the teaching and learning space.
Semen Leucocytes Affect Sperm Quality of Infertility Patient
Authors: Arjadi Fitranto , Indriani Vitasari , Siswandari Wahyu , Priyanto Edy , Pangestu Mulyoto
Published: November 2022

The association between the risk factors for male infertility including smoking, obesity, male age, and leukocyte count with sperm analysis, still shows mixed results. This study aims to determine the association between smoking, obesity, male age, and leukocytes count with sperm quality (sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology) of infertility patients in Purwokerto. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in the medical records section of the Bunda Arif Hospital Purwokerto. The sample was taken by total sampling. The bivariate test of smoking and obesity behaviour variables with the results of sperm quality using the Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test. Male age variables used the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman correlation test. Variable leukocytes count using the Spearman test. The results showed no association between male age, obesity and smoking behaviour with sperm quality, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology (p>0.05). There is a significant association (p<0,05) between leukocyte semen count and spermatozoa concentration, sperm motility, and morphology of spermatozoa. It is concluded that there was a significant association between leukocyte count and sperm quality in infertility patients in Purwokerto. Research needs to be continued by examining the relationship between leukocytopenia and sperm DNA damage by looking at sperm DNA fragmentation.
Early Outcome of Patient Born with Gastroschisis and Omphalocele
Authors: Berdawd Salar Sabah , Taha Abdulrahman Omar
Published: November 2022

Background: Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common congenital defects of the anterior abdominal wall which need urgent and prompt intervention post-operative time outcomes of gastroschisis and omphalocele differ between different countries, especially between developed and developing countries.
Objectives: Is to determine the early outcome of patients born with gastroschisis and omomphalocele
Patients and Methods: An analytical study including 30 patients (11 gastroschisis and 19 omphaloceles) were treated in Erbil city during 2015 -2018. Patients with associated bladder and cloacal exstrophies were excluded.
Results: Female to male ratio was 1.3:1, and the mean age at presentation was 11.7 hours. The Mean weight was 2.86 kg. the Majority of patients25 (83.3%) were term. In Nineteen cases (63.3%)were delivered vaginally (9 gastroschisis and 10comphalocele), prenatally diagnosis was done in 9(30%). The Mean size of the defect was 3.7cm, and the content was mixed in 7(23.3%). Primary repair has performed in 18(60%), a silo in 8(26.7%), and 4(13.3%) treated none surgically (all were omphalocele). Operations have been done within 24 hours of arrival in 16(61.5%). Associated anomalies have been found in 11(57.9%) patients with omphaloceles and only 2(18.2%) patients with gastroschisis. The mean period of hospital stays was6 days. Mortality among the gastroschisis patients were 8(72%), but only 4(21.1%) for omphalocele patients.
Conclusion: Gastrochisis and omphalocele constitute a considerable part of neonatal surgical problems and their management is still challenging. Omphalocele cases were more likely to have associated congenital anomalies and gastroschisis, if the associated anomalies were confined to the gastrointestinal tract. There was a high mortality rate, especially in patients with gastroschisis and ruptured omphalocele due to a lack of intensive care units, facilities, and trained personnel to look after such high-risk patients.
Review on Viral Encephalitis-
Authors: Jawad Yasmeen , Jawad Shaimaa , Hamid Zainab
Published: November 2022

Background: Inflammation of the brain parenchyma brought on by a virus is known as viral encephalitis. It coexists frequently with viral meningitis and is the most prevalent kind of encephalitis.
Objectives: To throw light on viral encephalitis, its types, epidemiology, symptoms and complications.
Results: Although it can affect people of all ages, viral infections are the most prevalent cause of viral encephalitis, which is typically seen in young children and old people. Arboviruses, rhabdoviruses, enteroviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses, orthomyxoviruses, orthopneumoviruses, and coronaviruses are just a few of the viruses that have been known to cause encephalitis.
Conclusion: As new viruses emerge, diagnostic techniques advance, or we learn more about the pathophysiology of the disease, viral encephalitis has become a more serious public health concern.
Rethinking Individual Differences in SLA: A Special Issue in Honour of Richard Sparks
Authors: Wen Zhisheng (Edward) , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: November 2022

Richard Sparks is currently Professor Emeritus of Special Education in Mount St. Joseph University's Department of Graduate Education in Cincinnati, USA. For over 40 years, Richard has had a celebratory career in teaching, researching, and servicing language education. His broad research interests and academic influence span various sub-domains of individual differences in L1 and L2 reading and writing, language learning difficulties, and language aptitude. Richard has published extensively in top journals of language and education, producing an impressive list of empirical studies and thought-provoking theoretical position papers related to key topics and issues in foreign language education, educational psychology, and learning disability. Scholars and practitioners in both language and psychology have read his works with interest and cited frequently many of his influential works on language, education, psychology, dyslexia, hyperlexia, and in particular language aptitude.
Reflections on a 40-year Career in Language, Education, and Psychology: An Interview with Richard Sparks
Authors: Sparks Richard L , Wen Zhisheng (Edward) , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: November 2022

The current paper is an interview with Professor Richard Sparks, who has contributed his teaching, research, and consultancy service to academia and the broader community at large for over 40 years. In this paper, the two guest editors of this special issue (Edward and Hassan) had prepared a list of questions and invited Prof Sparks to answer them in written form. Key issues covered in the interview include some general background information, as well as more in-depth discussions of specific academic issues related to the major themes included in the special issue.
Where Does Language Aptitude Come From? Redux
Authors: Sparks Richard L.
Published: November 2022

This paper examines evidence for relationships among individual differences (IDs) in L1 achievement, L2 aptitude, and L2 achievement. It begins by providing an overview of my academic journey from L1 educator to L2 researcher and explains the development of the Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis (LCDH). Next, I review Peter Skehan’s influential research on language aptitude and L1-L2 relationships and summarizes research showing that IDs in L1 achievement (and L1 ability) are universal, can be identified early, and are stable over time. Then, I review research on L1-L2 relationships and IDs in L2 learning, focusing on the longitudinal studies and reporting two new studies that examine the relationship between L1 achievement and L2 aptitude on the MLAT. Overall, I argue that the development of L1 literacy leads to growth in metalinguistic awareness, which enhances L1 literacy skills, and that L1 literacy and metalinguistic awareness provide the foundation for L2 aptitude, the ability to use and understand “decontextualized” material. I conclude the paper by proposing an answer to the title.
Teaching Foreign Languages to Learners with Dyslexia in Greece: An Overview of Theory and Practice
Authors: Tsakalidou Sofia P.
Published: November 2022

The present article summarizes various aspects of teaching foreign languages to learners with dyslexia. In particular, although it is a matter examined broadly around the world, in Greece there are few references and limited research in this field. Furthermore, the lack of foreign language teachers' training in the field of specific learning difficulties in Greece is also examined. In this article, we refer to first language and foreign language(s) acquisition and focus on the situation in Greece, where the first foreign language taught in schools is English and the second foreign language is either German or French. Furthermore, we examine the mechanisms of (second) foreign language acquisition as well as the factors that influence this process. Additionally, we consider the appropriate time to start learning a foreign language, as well as various reading and spelling difficulties that the learners with dyslexia face during this process. A very dominant factor that influences learners with dyslexia and causes difficulties in reading and spelling is the phonological awareness (phonemic awareness and syllable awareness). Due to the cross-linguistic transfer of this skill, we mention ways to improve phonological awareness skills in the first language and in the foreign language(s).
The Impact of Language Aptitude on Grammar Attainment of EFL Learners with Different Ages of Onset in the Chinese Context
Authors: Haiyong Zhao , Shaoqian Luo
Published: November 2022

The effect of language aptitude on grammar attainment of second language learners with different ages of onset became one of the hot topics in the last decades. However, most previous studies were conducted in a second language context with inconsistent results, and few studies were conducted in a foreign language context. To fill this gap, the current study investigated the impact of language aptitude on grammar attainment of EFL learners with different ages of onset in the Chinese context. A Timed Grammatical Judgment Test and an Untimed Grammatical Judgment Test, a Metalinguistic Knowledge test, and a Language Aptitude test were used in the study, and 112 participants were sampled. The results show that the aptitude scores of the three groups of EFL learners with different ages of onset have no significant difference; language aptitude moderates performance on the Untimed Grammatical Judgment Test and the Metalinguistic Knowledge test, which was mainly reflected in the earlier starters; and higher aptitude learners outperform lower aptitude learners in all three grammar tests. Overall, this study provides evidence to support the impact of language aptitude on EFL learners in the Chinese context.
STUDI KOMPARISASI PENGGUNAAN BEBERAPA JENIS MEDIA TANAM PADA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PAKCOY (BRASSICA CHINENSIS L) DENGAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK
Authors: Fiandi Jeri Okta , Ibnusina Fedri , Nefri Jhon
Published: November 2022

Pakcoy merupakan sayuran daun yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi, yang sangat diminati masyarakat dan banyak memiliki kandungan gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan beberapa jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan hasil tanaman pakcoy hidroponik dan menganalisis jenis media tanam yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman pakcoy serta melakukan analisis ekonomi finansial terhadap budidaya pakcoy hidroponik dengan menggunakan beberapa jenis media tanam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai bulan Maret 2020. Pelaksanaan kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Kandang Lamo, Sarilamak, Kecamatan Harau, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dengan penggunaan beberapa jenis media tanam, terdapat 3 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan serentak dan terdapat 81 sampel tanaman, dianalisis dengan uji lanjut DMRT 15%.dan analisis  finansial diukur dengan menghitung nilai Pendapatan, R/C rasio, BEP, probability ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan berbagai jenis media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun dan lebar daun, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan bobot basah tanaman. Perlakuan dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi terdapat pada penggunaan media tanam pecahan bata. Dibuktikan dengan hasil rata-rata pada parameter jumlah daun dengan nilai 17,03 helai pada umur tanaman 4 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST). Analisis ekonomi finansial memberikan hasil usaha budidaya sayuran pakcoy hidroponik dengan berbagai jenis media tanam layak untuk diteruskan, hal ini dapat dilihat pada variabel analisis laporan laba-rugi usaha pada kolom R/C rasio dan tingkat probabilityratio.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENABUR PUPUK BUTIRAN TIPE GENDONG
Authors: Ernita Yuni , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Hasman Elvin , Rildiwan Rildiwan , Nurtam M. Riza
Published: November 2022

Pemupukan dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara yakni manual dan mekanis. Pemupukan manual menghasilkan aplikasi pupuk yang beragam dan membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang banyak. Peralatan pemupuk berbentuk tugal belum efisien untuk proses pemupukan, maka perlu adanya alat yang dapat mempermudah proses pemupukan tanpa memerlukan waktu dan tenaga yang terlalu banyak. Alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong adalah salah satu alat untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pada proses pemupukan tanaman terutama tanaman palawija. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan rancang bangun, analisa kinerja, dan analia ekonomi alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong. Alat penabur pupuk butiran tipe gendong dibuat dan diujicobakan di Bengkel Logam dan Lahan Percobaan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh pada bulan Juni hingga September 2020. Pembuatan alat dilakukan memenuhi rancangan struktural dan fungsional. Spesifikasi alat penebar pupuk butiran tipe gendong hasil rancangan adalah sebagai berikut: berat alat 2 kg, jarak kerja alat 25 cm, kedalamam kerja alat, 3-5 cm, material hopper terpal, volume hopper 5 kg, material outlet PVC. Hasil uji kinerja alat penabur pupuk butiran didapatkan kapasitas kerja efektif sebesar 0,0379 ha/jam, kapasitas kerja teoritis adalah 0,0532 ha/jam, sehingga efisiensi kerja alat penabur pupuk butiran adalah 71,24%. Hasil analisa ekonomi didapatkan biaya tetap alat sebesar Rp. 500.000,-/tahun. Biaya tidak tetap sebesar Rp. 10.675/jam, biaya pokok penaburan pupuk butiran sebesar Rp. 287.150/Ha. Break event point/titik impas adalah sebesar 4,225 Ha/tahun.