bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dilemmas of recognition and redistribution: Constituting intersectional subjects of inclusion in migrant support work
Authors: Kangas‐Müller Laura
Published: January 2024

In this study, I explore how the subject of inclusion is constituted as intersectional in the organizational discursive practices of a civil society organization promoting migrant and refugee inclusion. Drawing on Crenshaw's notion of political intersectionality and Fraser's politics of recognition and redistribution, I analyze the political dimension of an inclusion project by showing how intersectional categories are connected to differentiated struggles and strategies of inclusion. The ethnographic study illustrates how two subject positions are constituted as being underpinned by either the logic of recognition or redistribution. Moreover, the findings show how the two strategies interact, revealing the dynamics of privilege and disadvantage at play in the inclusion project. The paper contributes to critical studies on inclusion and intersectionality in organizational contexts by extending our understanding of power dynamics and tensions as integral parts of the intersectional approach.
Which factors drive the choice of the French‐speaking Quebec population towards a COVID‐19 vaccination programme: A discrete‐choice experiment
Authors: Morillon Gabin F. , Poder Thomas G.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aims of this study were to elicit preferences about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine campaign in the general French‐speaking adult Quebec population and to highlight the characteristics of the vaccine campaign that were of major importance.

Methods

A discrete‐choice experiment (DCE) was conducted between April and June 2021, in Quebec, Canada. A quota sampling method by age, gender and educational level was used to achieve a representative sample of the French‐speaking adult population. The choice‐based exercise was described by seven attributes within a vaccine campaign scenario. A mixed logit (MXL) model and a latent class logit (LCL) model were used to derive utility values. Age, gender, educational level, income and fear of COVID‐19 were included as independent variables in the LCL.

Results

A total of 1883 respondents were included for analysis, yielding 22,586 choices. From these choices, 3425 (15.16%) were refusals. In addition, 1159 (61.55%) individuals always accepted any of the vaccination campaigns, while 92 individuals (4.89%) always refused vaccine alternatives. According to the MXL, relative weight importance of attributes was effectiveness (32.50%), risk of side effects (24.76%), level of scientific evidence (22.51%), number of shots (15.73%), priority population (3.60%), type of vaccine (0.61%), and vaccination location (0.28%). Four classes were derived from the LCL model and attributes were more or less important according to them. Class 1 (19.8%) was more concerned about the effectiveness (27.99%), safety (24.22%) and the number of shots (21.82%), class 2 (55.3%) wanted a highly effective vaccine (40.16%) and class 3 (17.6%) gave high value to the scientific evidence (42.00%). Class 4 preferences (7.4%) were more balanced, with each attribute having a relative weight ranging from 1.84% (type of vaccine) to 21.32% (risk of side effects). Membership posterior probabilities to latent classes were found to be predicted by individual factors such as gender, annual income or fear of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

Vaccination acceptance relies on multiple factors. This study allowed assessment of vaccination‐specific issues through a choice‐based exercise and description of factors influencing this choice by segmenting the sample and drawing profiles of individuals. Moreover, besides effectiveness and safety, a major point of this study was to show the importance given by the general population to the level of scientific evidence surrounding vaccines.

Patient or Public Contribution

A small group of citizens was involved in the conception, design and interpretation of data. Participants of the DCE were all from the general population.
Older versus younger patients in robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit comparing safety and clinical outcomes
Authors: Sowanthip Dutsadee , Zennami Kenji , Bejrananda Tanan , Nukaya Takuhisa , Takenaka Masashi , Ichino Manabu , Takahara Kiyoshi , Sasaki Hitomi , Kusaka Mamoru , Sumitomo Makoto , Shiroki Ryoichi
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy using an intracorporeal ileal conduit in older compared to younger patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 122 patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with an intracorporeal ileal conduit at Fujita Health University Hospital and Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center between 2012 and 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: older (age ≥ 75 years; n = 53) and younger (age < 75 years; n = 69). Perioperative outcomes, complications, recurrence‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival were compared between the cohorts.

Results

The groups had no significant differences in perioperative outcomes, such as estimated blood loss, operative time, and blood transfusion rate. However, hospital stay was longer in the older patients than in the younger group (19 vs. 16 days; p < 0.001). The 30‐day minor and major complication rates were 33.3% and 13.0%, respectively, for the younger group and 50.9% and 9.4% for the older group (p = 0.11). Urinary tract infection and bowel ileus were the most common complications in both groups. No significant differences were observed in recurrence‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival between the groups (p = 0.58, p = 0.75, and p = 0.78), and subgroup analysis in ≥cT3 revealed the older group tended to have poorer cancer‐specific survival and overall survival (p = 0.07 and p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that older age was not associated with high‐grade complications and cancer‐specific survival.

Conclusions

Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with an intracorporeal ileal conduit is a safe and effective treatment option for older patients.
Calcium–magnesium–aluminum‐silicate melt viscosities influenced by lanthanides, yttrium, and zirconium
Authors: Müller Dirk , Dingwell Donald B.
Published: January 2024

Lanthanides (Ln2O3) and elements like Zr and Y find application in the highest temperature‐resistant thermal and/or environmental barrier coatings. Such coatings are routinely exposed to silicate particles (e.g., sand, dust, volcanic ash), leading to chemical reactions that degrade the coating. The dissolution of 13.5 wt.% Ln2O3 into a calcium–magnesium–aluminum‐silicate (CMAS) melt leads to a viscosity reduction for the light lanthanides, while viscosity increases toward heavier lanthanides. For Gd, Y, and Zr, various amounts up to 13.5 wt.% (Gd2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2) were added to the CMAS melt, showing a tendency of increased viscosity for low concentrations (2.5‐3 wt.%) and a decreasing viscosity for higher values of the added component.
Accessibility and feasibility of experience sampling methods for mental health research with people with intellectual disability: Scoping of research and stakeholder views
Authors: Bakkum Lianne , Paalman Célinde , Müller Annelieke , van Eeghen Agnies , Schuengel Carlo
Published: January 2024

Background

Experience sampling may be useful for mental health research with people with intellectual disability, and evidence of the potential benefits is starting to emerge. This multiple‐method study identified potential avenues for tailoring this method to the needs of people with intellectual disability.

Method

A scoping review was conducted. Five databases were searched for experience sampling studies involving people with intellectual disability. In addition, seven adults with an intellectual disability tested experience sampling apps with standardised questions about mental health and were interviewed about their experiences in semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Seven studies were included in the scoping review. Two studies investigated acceptability and feasibility. In the interviews, participants reported on the acceptability, availability, and appropriateness of experience sampling applications.

Conclusions

There are still important gaps in knowledge about acceptability, availability, and appropriateness of experience sampling for this population. Researchers are recommended to tailor experience sampling applications to the needs and interests of individual users.
Modeling non‐isothermal pathogen inactivation during liquid foods processing by pulsed light technology
Authors: Pihen Christelle , Mani‐López Emma , López‐Malo Aurelio , Ramírez‐Corona Nelly
Published: January 2024

Pulsed light (PL) technology has received significant attention as a sustainable alternative for food processing. PL involves a photochemical and photothermal mechanism for microbial inactivation. However, the simultaneous description of both effects to evaluate the technology's efficiency remains unexplored. Furthermore, the process efficiency strongly depends on the optical properties of treated food products. This work evaluated the performance of a non‐isothermal model, previously reported in the literature for different emergent technologies, compared to the conventional Weibull model to describe the inactivation of Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A by pulsed light (from 0 to 300 J/cm2) inoculated in the tested systems. Five food products and two model solutions with different optical characteristics were treated, and their optical properties were correlated to both microbial inactivation and temperature increase, resulting from the photothermal effect. The non‐isothermal mathematical model effectively captures both aspects within the PL mechanism. The inclusion of ascorbic acid in the analyzed samples significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the efficiency of microbial inactivation.

Practical applications

Using pulsed light technology in food processing is a remarkable innovation that harnesses the potential to amplify and optimize natural resources while reducing energy consumption and time processing. This approach harnesses the controlled application of short, intense light bursts to perform various tasks such as preservation, disinfection, and decontamination. By effectively targeting and inactivating harmful microorganisms, pulsed light avoids the need for excessive chemical treatments or prolonged exposure to high temperatures, thus preserving the innate nutritional value, flavor, and texture of food products. This method avoids the generation of hazardous by‐products or excess waste, aligning perfectly with sustainable practices.
The role of nursing care continuity report in predicting length of hospital stay in older people: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Montero‐Marco Jesica , Charlo‐Bernardos Marta , Subirón‐Valera Ana Belén , Erickson Hunter , Herrero‐Cortina Beatriz , Altarribas‐Bolsa Elena
Published: January 2024

Background

The Nursing Care Continuity Report (NCCR) is a tool for evaluating the quality of nursing care during hospital admission.

Aim

To explore the role of the NCCR in predicting longer length of stay (LOS) in older adults (≥65 years) admitted to a tertiary hospital and determine possible clinical differences at discharge between patients who had a short LOS (≤7 days) and a prolonged LOS (>7 days).

Research Design and Setting

A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients with a completed NCCR admitted to the hospital between 2015 and 2019. Sociodemographic data, risk of pressure injuries, level of dependence, presence and intensity of pain, and presence and type of pressure injury were the variables registered in the NCCR.

Results

A total of 41,354 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 78 years, of whom 47% were female. At admission, 21% of patients were at potential risk of developing pressure ulcers. Age, admission to the internal or respiratory medicine unit, and having at least medium risk of developing pressure ulcers were the predictors of prolonged LOS using a random sample of 950 patients. At discharge, patients with prolonged LOS presented higher risk of pressure ulcers and a higher level of dependency and were more likely to present hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers.

Conclusions

Older adults from the internal or respiratory medicine unit who exhibited higher risk of pressure ulcers were related to a prolonged LOS, a higher level of dependency, and hospital‐acquired ulcers at hospital discharge.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Identifying clinical data that have a greater relationship with LOS could be a useful tool for nursing management and for the implementation of strategies to prevent adverse events during hospitalisation.

No Patient or Public Contribution

No direct patient contact was made during the data collection.
Patient competence in chronic illness: A concept derivation
Authors: Crowder Vivian , Brady Veronica , Johnson Constance , Whisenant Meagan
Published: January 2024

Aims and Objectives

This paper aims to inform nursing and other healthcare disciplines by clearly defining patient competence and the skills required to improve self‐care behaviours.

Background

Competence has been defined in education and leadership. However, competence in persons with chronic disease has not been expanded upon since one publication in 1983. Patient competence needs to be developed and defined so that healthcare disciplines can understand the attributes necessary for a patient to be deemed competent to promote self‐care behaviours.

Design

A concept derivation.

Methods

Walker and Avant's approach to concept derivation was used to identify a base concept (competence) that is well‐defined in another field, define the concepts associated with the parent field, and transpose that definition to a new field to formulate a redefined concept. PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline were searched, and 21 articles were included.

Results

Patient competence is defined as the ability of a person with a chronic illness to reach skill mastery, achieve knowledge, maintain a positive attitude and develop trust in themselves and in healthcare providers that will facilitate active engagement to improve self‐care behaviours.

Conclusions

Defining patient competence is important in assisting nurses and other healthcare providers in understanding the attributes needed to deem a patient competent, especially those living with chronic illnesses requiring lifelong self‐care behaviours. More research is needed to aid in the designing of a precise instrument for measuring this phenomenon.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Concept derivation of patient competence provides a framework for nurses and other members of the healthcare profession to understand the attributes needed to determine patient competence.
Precision medicine using whole genome sequencing identifies a novel dystrophin (DMD) variant for X‐linked muscular dystrophy in a cat
Authors: Shelton G. Diane , Tucciarone Fabrizio , Guo Ling T. , Coghill Lyndon M. , Lyons Leslie A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a large, heterogeneous group of degenerative muscle diseases. X‐linked dystrophin‐deficient MD in cats is the first genetically characterized cat model for a human disease and a few novel forms have been identified.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Muscular dystrophy was suspected in a young male domestic shorthair cat. Clinical, molecular, and genetic techniques could provide a definitive diagnosis.

Animals

A 1‐year‐old male domestic shorthair cat presented for progressive difficulty walking, macroglossia and dysphagia beginning at 6 months of age. The tongue was thickened, protruded with constant ptyalism, and thickening and rigidity of the neck and shoulders were observed.

Methods

A complete neurological examination, baseline laboratory evaluation and biopsies of the trapezius muscle were performed with owner consent. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of muscle cryosections was performed using several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against dystrophy‐associated proteins. DNA was isolated for genomic analyses by whole genome sequencing and comparison to DNA variants in the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing dataset.

Results and Clinical Importance

Aspartate aminotransferase (687 IU/L) and creatine kinase (24 830 IU/L) activities were increased and mild hypokalemia (3.7 mmol/L) was present. Biopsy samples from the trapezius muscle confirmed a degenerative and regenerative myopathy and protein alterations identified by immunohistochemistry resulted in a diagnosis of a in dystrophin‐deficient form of X‐linked MD. A stop gain variant (c.4849C>T; p.Gln1617Ter) dystrophin was identified by genome sequencing. Precision/genomic medicine efforts for the domestic cat and in veterinary medicine support disease variant and animal model discovery and provide opportunities for targeted treatments for companion animals.
Spatiotemporal variation in clam recruitment among beaches in Washington State (USA)
Authors: Kobelt J. N. , Yiu D. S. , Dethier M. N. , Ruesink J. L.
Published: January 2024

Abundant clam populations provide ecosystem services and commercial and recreational shellfish harvests worldwide. Two non‐native clams (Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum; eastern soft‐shell clams, Mya arenaria) commonly populate mid‐intertidal zones of coarse‐sediment beaches in Washington State, USA. To better understand factors influencing their abundance, we used passive mid‐intertidal spat collectors to determine the density and distribution of clam recruits (150–500 μm shell length) at eight beaches spanning over 500 km and over two reproductive seasons (2016 and 2017). Cumulative seasonal recruitment (clams <500 μm) in 2016 and 2017 at +1.0 m MLLW ranged from 800 to 125,000 m−2 for Ruditapes philippinarum and 50–85,000 m−2 for M. arenaria, and did not differ by substrate type at small scales (gravel vs. crushed shell). At larger scales, different interannual recruitment patterns across sites did not dramatically shift the ranked order of highest and lowest recruitment sites. Cumulative recruitment tended to be lower at warmer sites, while timing of peak recruitment was not consistently related to temperature. Sites also differed in the relative recruitment of the two clam species, but most beaches had greater densities of R. philippinarum than M. arenaria at both recruitment and juvenile stages. Although recruitment densities differed by two orders of magnitude across sites, post‐settlement factors eliminated initial spatial variation within a year, dampening recruitment variability among these beaches that all contribute to commercial and recreational clam production.
Identifying and understanding barriers to optimal complementary feeding in Kenya
Authors: Kamudoni Penjani , Kiige Laura , Ortenzi Flaminia , Beal Ty , Nordhagen Stella , Kirogo Veronica , Arimi Caroline , Zvandaziva Charity , Garg Aashima , Codjia Patrick , Rudert Christiane
Published: January 2024

Optimal complementary feeding between the ages of 6 and 23 months provides children with the required range of nutritious and safe foods while continuing to be breastfed to meet their needs for essential nutrients and develop their full physical and cognitive potential. The rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life have increased from 32% in 2008 to 60% in 2022 in Kenya. However, the proportion of children between 6 and 23 months receiving a minimum acceptable diet remains low and has declined from 39% in 2008 to 31% in 2023. The Kenyan Ministry of Health, GAIN and UNICEF collaborated to understand the drivers of complementary feeding practices, particularly proximal determinants, which can be directly addressed and acted upon. A secondary analysis of household surveys and food composition data was conducted to outline children's dietary patterns within the different regions of Kenya and the extent to which the affordability of animal‐source foods could be improved. Ethnographic data were analyzed to identify socio‐cultural barriers to optimal complementary feeding. Furthermore, we outlined the critical steps for developing user‐friendly and low‐cost complementary feeding recipes. The results of all the analyses are presented in five of the six papers of this Special Issue with this additional paper introducing the Kenyan context and some of the critical findings. The Special Issue has highlighted multidimensional barriers surrounding the use and availability of animal‐source foods. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for a multi‐sectoral approach in enacting policies and programmes that address these barriers.
Phased genome assemblies reveal haplotype‐specific genetic load in the critically endangered Chinese Bahaba (Teleostei, Sciaenidae)
Authors: Cui Rongfeng , Wu Jinxian , Yan Kuoqiu , Luo Sujun , Hu Yuting , Feng Wei , Lu Bingqian , Wang Junjie
Published: January 2024

While haplotype‐specific genetic load shapes the evolutionary trajectory of natural and captive populations, mixed‐haplotype assembly and genotyping hindered its characterization in diploids. Herein, we produced two phased genome assemblies of the critically endangered fish Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis, Sciaenidae, Teleostei) and resequenced 20 whole genomes to quantify population genetic load at a haplotype level. We identified frame‐shifting variants as the most deleterious type, followed by mutations in the 5′‐UTR, 3′‐UTR and missense mutations at conserved amino acids. Phased haplotypes revealed gene deletions and high‐impact deleterious variants. We estimated ~1.12% of genes missing or interrupted per haplotype, with a significant overlap of disrupted genes (30.35%) between haplotype sets. Relative proportions of deleterious variant categories differed significantly between haplotypes. Simulations suggested that purifying selection struggled to purge slightly deleterious genetic load in captive breeding compared to genotyping interventions, and that higher inter‐haplotypic variance of genetic load predicted more efficient purging by artificial selection. Combining the knowledge of haplotype‐resolved genetic load with predictive modelling will be immensely useful for understanding the evolution of deleterious variants and guiding conservation planning.
Deconstructing spiritual care: Discursive underpinnings within palliative care research
Authors: Lundberg Emma , Öhlén Joakim , Dellenborg Lisen , Ozanne Anneli , Enstedt Daniel
Published: January 2024

Religion and spirituality are integral to the philosophy of palliative care, shaping its approach to spiritual care. This article aims to examine the discourses within palliative care research to illuminate prevailing assumptions regarding spiritual care. Eighteen original articles were analyzed to examine how spiritual care is understood within palliative care. The analysis, informed by Foucault, aimed to identify recurring discourses. The finding reveals that, in palliative care research, spirituality is viewed as enigmatic yet inherently human and natural, assuming that every individual has a spiritual dimension. The analysis points to healthcare professionals being expected to hold certain qualities to put spiritual care into practice. The analysis also reveals that in the analyzed articles, the concept of spiritual care is rooted in a Christian context, with the belief that all individuals possess inherent spirituality or religiosity, a concept often associated with Christian theology. The included articles often utilize theological terms and emphasize a monotheistic viewpoint. Spirituality is articulated as a complex, distinct concept, challenging clear definitions and professional responsibilities. Further, a moral formation of healthcare professionals is described, interpelling and ascribing qualities that healthcare professionals need to provide spiritual care.
Haploid rhapsody: the molecular and cellular orchestra of in vivo haploid induction in plants
Authors: Quiroz Luis Felipe , Gondalia Nikita , Brychkova Galina , McKeown Peter C. , Spillane Charles
Published: January 2024

In planta haploid induction (HI), which reduces the chromosome number in the progeny after fertilization, has garnered increasing attention for its significant potential in crop breeding and genetic research. Despite the identification of several natural and synthetic HI systems in different plant species, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these HI systems remain largely unknown. This review synthesizes the current understanding of HI systems in plants (with a focus on genes and molecular mechanisms involved), including the molecular and cellular interactions which orchestrate the HI process. As most HI systems can function across taxonomic boundaries, we particularly discuss the evidence for conserved mechanisms underlying the process. These include mechanisms involved in preserving chromosomal integrity, centromere function, gamete communication and/or fusion, and maintenance of karyogamy. While significant discoveries and advances on haploid inducer systems have arisen over the past decades, we underscore gaps in understanding and deliberate on directions for further research for a more comprehensive understanding of in vivo HI processes in plants.
Global Financial Risk, Equity Returns and Economic Activity in Emerging Countries
Authors: Horvath Jaroslav , Yang Guanyi
Published: January 2024

International financial integration exposes countries to external shocks. This paper identifies the impact and transmission of global financial risk (GFR) shocks to emerging market economies (EMEs). Heightened GFR significantly raises EME borrowing costs and lowers equity returns, reducing domestic economic activity. We document a novel transmission channel of GFR shocks to EMEs via international capital flows. Countries experiencing larger capital inflows are more affected by GFR fluctuations. Exploring the transmission through capital flows, GFR shocks affect EMEs mainly through their effect on equity returns, instead of country spreads. We show that equity returns contain more information about EME macroeconomic fluctuations than sovereign and corporate bond spreads.
Radiomic biomarkers for platinum‐refractory head and neck cancer in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Hsueh‐Ju , Shen Chao‐Yu , Chiu Yu‐Wei , Lin Wea‐Lung , Peng Chih‐Yu , Tseng Hsien‐Chun , Hsin Chung‐Han , Chuang Chun‐Yi , Chen Chun‐Chia , Wu Ming‐Fang , Huang Wei‐Shiou , Shen Wei‐Chih
Published: January 2024

Objective

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are recommended as the first‐line therapy for platinum‐refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a disease with a poor prognosis. However, biomarkers in this situation are rare. The objective was to identify radiomic features‐associated biomarkers to guide the prognosis and treatment opinions in the era of ICI.

Methods

A total of 31 platinum‐refractory HNSCC patients were retrospectively enrolled. Of these, 65.5% (20/31) received ICI‐based therapy and 35.5% (11/31) did not. Radiomic features of the primary site at the onset of recurrent metastatic (R/M) status were extracted. Prognostic and predictive radiomic biomarkers were analysed.

Results

The median overall survival from R/M status (R/M OS) was 9.6 months. Grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix‐associated texture features were the most important in identifying the patients with or without 9‐month R/M death. A radiomic risk‐stratification model was established and equally separated the patients into high‐, intermittent‐ and lower‐risk groups (1‐year R/M death rate, 100.0% vs. 70.8% vs. 27.1%, p = 0.001). Short‐run high grey‐level emphasis (SRHGE) was more suitable than programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in selecting whether patients received ICI‐based therapy.

Conclusions

Radiomic features were effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Future studies are warranted.
E‐cadherin and TAC in GCF accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease
Authors: Hussein Hind R. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Milward Mike R. , Cooper Paul R.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) E‐cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) to discriminate periodontal health from disease.

Subjects and Methods

GCF samples were collected from participants with periodontal health (control), gingivitis, and periodontitis (n = 25 each group). The latter group was further subdivided according to stage (S) and grade. Periodontal parameters were recorded then levels of biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and antioxidant status by use of the Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay for E‐cadherin and TAC, respectively.

Results

All periodontal parameters were significantly higher in periodontally diseased groups than controls. The GCF E‐cadherin significantly increased in gingivitis and periodontitis (S2 to S4) cases as compared to controls. Level of this protein in GCF samples from periodontitis S3 was significantly higher than in gingivitis and S2 groups. The GCF‐TAC level was significantly higher in controls than in periodontally diseased groups. No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between grade B and C periodontitis. Both molecules could discriminate periodontal health from gingivitis and periodontitis stages and differentiating periodontitis S3 from gingivitis and other periodontitis stages.

Conclusions

Levels of TAC and unbounded E‐cadherin in GCF samples exhibited promising diagnostic abilities to differentiate periodontal health and disease.
Bleeder's Femur: The Proximal Femoral Morphology in Hemophilic Patients Who Underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gong Yichen , Su Hai , Jin Zhaokai , Zhou Haojin , Chen Lei , Chen Ruinan , Tang Yi , Lu Yichen , Chen Jiali , Chen Guoqian , Tong Peijian
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Patients with hemophilia (PWH) constantly suffer hemarthrosis, which leads to deformity of the hip joint. Therefore, PWH who are going to receive total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be exclusively treated before the surgery with careful measurement of their proximal femur. Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the anatomical parameters of and differences in the proximal femur in hemophilic patients who underwent THA.

Methods

The retrospective study comprised data of adult patients who received total hip arthroplasty from 2020 to 2022 in the research center. Patients having a diagnosis of hemophilic arthritis and received THA were included in experimental group, and patients with hip arthritis or femoral head necrosis were taken as control group. Parameters including femoral offset, neck‐shaft angle (NSA), medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level (T+20), mid‐lesser trochanter level (T), and 20 mm blow it (T−20), and canal flare index (CFI), femoral cortical index (FCI) were measured on X‐ray and CT images with PACS by two independent doctors. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test data normality. Student's t‐test was performed between PWH and control group. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Among the 94 hips, 39 (41.5%) were included in group hemophilia and 55(58.5%) in control group. The mean age of the patients was 49.36 ± 12.92 years. All cases were male patients. Data demonstrated significantly smaller femoral cortical index (FCI), femoral offset, medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level, mid‐lesser trochanter level, and 20 mm below it, and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) was obviously larger in PWH than control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in canal flare index (CFI).

Conclusion

Hemophilic patients undergoing THA were prone to longer and thinner proximal femur. Preoperative morphological analysis of femur is recommended.
Political leaders' identity leadership and civic citizenship behavior: The mediating role of trust in fellow citizens and the moderating role of economic inequality
Authors: Monzani Lucas , Bibic Kira , Haslam S. Alexander , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Wilson Lemoine Jérémy E. , Steffens Niklas K. , Akfirat Serap Arslan , Ballada Christine Joy A. , Bazarov Tahir , Aruta John Jamir Benzon R. , Avanzi Lorenzo , Bunjak Aldijana , Černe Matej , Edelmann Charlotte M. , Epitropaki Olga , Fransen Katrien , García‐Ael Cristina , Giessner Steffen , Gleibs Ilka , Godlewska‐Werner Dorota , Kark Ronit , Gonzalez Ana Laguia , Lam Hodar , Lupina‐Wegener Anna , Markovits Yannis , Maskor Mazlan , Alonso Fernando Jorge Molero , Leon Juan Antonio Moriano , Neves Pedro , Pauknerová Daniela , Retowski Sylwiusz , Roland‐Lévy Christine , Samekin Adil , Sekiguchi Tomoki , Story Joana , Stouten Jeroen , Sultanova Lilia , Tatachari Srinivasan , van Bunderen Lisanne , Van Dijk Dina , Wong Sut I. , van Dick Rolf
Published: January 2024

Identity leadership captures leaders efforts to create and promote a sense of shared group membership (i.e., a sense of “we” and of “us”) among followers. The present research report tests this claim by drawing on data from 26 countries that are part of the Global Identity Leadership Development (GILD) project to examine the relationship between political leaders' identity leadership and civic citizenship behavior (N = 6787). It also examines the contributions of trust and economic inequality to this relationship. Political leaders' identity leadership (PLIL) was positively associated with respondents' people‐oriented civic citizenship behaviors (CCB‐P) in 20 of 26 countries and civic citizenship behaviors aimed at one's country (CCB‐C) in 23 of 26 countries. Mediational analyses also confirmed the indirect effects of PLIL via trust in fellow citizens on both CCB‐P (in 25 out of 26 countries) and CCB‐C (in all 26 countries). Economic inequality moderated these effects such that the main and indirect effects of trust in one's fellow citizens on CCB‐C were stronger in countries with higher economic inequality. This interaction effect was not observed for CCB‐P. The study highlights the importance of identity leadership and trust in fellow citizens in promoting civic citizenship behavior, especially in the context of economic inequality.
Multiple mechanisms of visual prediction as revealed by the timecourse of scene–object facilitation
Authors: Smith Cybelle M. , Federmeier Kara D.
Published: January 2024

Not only semantic, but also recently learned arbitrary associations have the potential to facilitate visual processing in everyday life—for example, knowledge of a (moveable) object's location at a specific time may facilitate visual processing of that object. In our prior work, we showed that previewing a scene can facilitate processing of recently associated objects at the level of visual analysis (Smith and Federmeier in Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(5):783–803, 2020). In the current study, we assess how rapidly this facilitation unfolds by manipulating scene preview duration. We then compare our results to studies using well‐learned object–scene associations in a first‐pass assessment of whether systems consolidation might speed up high‐level visual prediction. In two ERP experiments (N = 60), we had participants study categorically organized novel object–scene pairs in an explicit paired associate learning task. At test, we varied contextual pre‐exposure duration, both between (200 vs. 2500 ms) and within subjects (0–2500 ms). We examined the N300, an event‐related potential component linked to high‐level visual processing of objects and scenes and found that N300 effects of scene congruity increase with longer scene previews, up to approximately 1–2 s. Similar results were obtained for response times and in a separate component‐neutral ERP analysis of visual template matching. Our findings contrast with prior evidence that scenes can rapidly facilitate visual processing of commonly associated objects. This raises the possibility that systems consolidation might mediate different kinds of predictive processing with different temporal profiles.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and the impact of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Carlesse Fabianne , Russo Chiara , Seber Adriana , Castagnola Elio
Published: January 2024

Bloodstream infections (BSI) pose a substantial threat to the well‐being and survival of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Risk factors for these infections vary across the different post‐HSCT phases. In the pre‐engraftment period, patients are particularly susceptible to infection due to prolonged neutropenia, mucosal damage, and extensive use of central venous line (CVL). In the post‐engraftment phase, the emergence of graft versus host diseases further compounds the risk. The epidemiology of these infections has undergone notable changes over the years due to multifactorial reasons, including the evolution of protocols that intensify immunosuppression. In this context, the emergence of multi‐drug resistance (MDR) microorganisms can be a challenge due to the elevated risk of mortality in these vulnerable patients. Unfortunately, there is a lack of comprehensive data on this topic, particularly in pediatrics. This article aims to provide a summary of the epidemiology of BSI in the different post‐transplant phases and the impact of MDR pathogens. Having knowledge about the local epidemiology of BSI can be instrumental in tailoring targeted therapies, leading to improved survival rates in HSCT recipients.
Analysis of energy return on investment of dry anaerobic digestion for low water alperujo with oxidative, thermal and alkaline pretreatments
Authors: Gil Rocio M. , Groff Maria Carla , Kuchen Benjamín , Gil Daiana G. , Fernández Maria Cecilia , Vazquez Fabio
Published: January 2024

Anaerobic digestion processes for biogas generation using alperujo have been the subject of intensive studies suggesting that phenolic compounds act as microbial inhibitors in anaerobic digestion. Pretreatments are needed to reduce the effects of phenolic compounds and improve biogas production, especially for dry anaerobic digestion. However, industrial‐scale implementation of these pretreatments is challenging, and it is unclear whether the improvement in biogas production justifies the energy expended on pretreatment. This study examines the energy analysis of dry anaerobic digestion and three alternative pretreatments: alkaline, oxidative and thermal. Results indicate that thermal pretreatment at 80°C with added water reduces phenolic compounds in alperujo by 35.4%. Meanwhile, pretreated with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium had the highest methane productivity (205 mL CH4/gVS). Even so, thermal pretreatment was only one with an energy return on investment greater than 1, signifying the necessity for energy analysis to ensure the viability of pretreatment processes.
Effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students’ learning: a systematic review protocol
Authors: López-Navarrete Andrea , Zimmermann-Vildoso Melissa , de Brito Poveda Vanessa , de Souza Nogueira Lilia
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students’ learning.

Introduction:

Current evidence indicates that both virtual simulation and clinical simulation are effective in assisting students to acquire clinical skills. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of the combined use of both teaching strategies, which could enhance health students’ learning.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that address the combined use of virtual simulation with clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies in learning, clinical reasoning, clinical decision-making, and/or clinical competencies of health students. Combining different hybrid simulators to form a new one will not be considered for inclusion in the review.

Methods:

The databases to be searched will include Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, LILACS (VHL), Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, ERIC, and gray literature sources. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction using JBI tools. A narrative synthesis will be performed and, if possible, meta-analysis and risk assessment of publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty of the findings.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023422410
Mutation protocols share with sexual reproduction the physiological role of producing genetic variation within ‘constraints that deconstrain’
Authors: King David G.
Published: January 2024

Because the universe of possible DNA sequences is inconceivably vast, organisms have evolved mechanisms for exploring DNA sequence space while substantially reducing the hazard that would otherwise accrue to any process of random, accidental mutation. One such mechanism is meiotic recombination. Although sexual reproduction imposes a seemingly paradoxical 50% cost to fitness, sex evidently prevails because this cost is outweighed by the advantage of equipping offspring with genetic variation to accommodate environmental vicissitudes. The potential adaptive utility of additional mechanisms for producing genetic variation has long been obscured by a presumption that the vast majority of mutations are deleterious. Perhaps surprisingly, the probability for adaptive variation can be increased by several mechanisms that generate mutations abundantly. Such mechanisms, here called ‘mutation protocols’, implement implicit ‘constraints that deconstrain’. Like meiotic recombination, they produce genetic variation in forms that minimize potential for harm while providing a reasonably high probability for benefit. One example is replication slippage of simple sequence repeats (SSRs); this process yields abundant, reversible mutations, typically with small quantitative effect on phenotype. This enables SSRs to function as adjustable ‘tuning knobs’. There exists a clear pathway for SSRs to be shaped through indirect selection favouring their implicit tuning‐knob protocol. Several other molecular mechanisms comprise probable components of additional mutation protocols. Biologists might plausibly regard such mechanisms of mutation not primarily as sources of deleterious genetic mistakes but also as potentially adaptive processes for ‘exploring’ DNA sequence space.

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Characteristics and spatiotemporal variation of sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) downsweeps recorded in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Macklin Gabrielle F. , Moors-Murphy Hilary B. , Leonard Marty L.
Published: January 2024

The call characteristics and vocal behaviour of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) off eastern Canada, including potential spatiotemporal variation, is poorly understood. Such information can improve the performance of automated detector-classifiers, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of identifying sei whales in large acoustic datasets. Ultimately, these data can be used to understand the occurrence, distribution, and population structure of sei whales in Atlantic Canada. We measured sei whale downsweep characteristics recorded from six locations off Nova Scotia (NS) and Newfoundland and Labrador (NFLD), Canada over a two-year period (2015–2017), and examined variation between call subtypes (singlets, doublets, triplets+), and seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter). We found that downsweeps had a mean duration of 1.58 s, sweeping from 75.66 to 34.22 Hz, with a peak frequency of 43.89 Hz and an intra-call interval of 2.22 s. Most call characteristics did not vary between location, subtype, or season; however, significantly longer downsweeps occurred off NS, within doublet calls, and in fall months. We also found that NFLD had a higher proportion of doublets (70%) than NS (52%). This variation may be evidence of acoustically diverging sei whale populations, as well as useful for improving detector-classifiers of sei whales in the region.
Competencies Relevant to Physical Activity Specialists in Navigating Mental Health Contexts: A Scoping Review
Authors: McCurdy Ashley , Kim Yeong-Bae , Lamboglia Carminda , Lindeman Cliff , Mangan Amie , Faulkner Guy , Rodgers Wendy , Spence John C.
Published: January 2024

To inform future learning opportunities, we performed a scoping review to identify competencies relevant to physical activity (PA) specialists in supporting the PA and mental health of people experiencing mental health concerns. CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched up to June 22, 2022, for research studies and commentaries. Pertinent text was extracted and subject to content analysis using an inductive approach. Sixty-two competencies from 62 publications were organized into four domains: (a) interacting with mental health care services/systems, (b) responding to mental health concerns, (c) employing PA counseling/coaching to promote mental health among people with diverse mental health needs, and (d) building relationships that are responsive to diverse mental health needs. These findings may serve as a road map for stakeholders interested in developing PA specialists’ confidence to meet the challenges of navigating mental health contexts. Despite consistency across sources, points of divergence warrant consideration from learning institutions and professional bodies.
Three-dimensional sensing of surfaces by projection of invisible electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yamada Nishiki , Nakanotani Hajime , Takagi Akitsuna , Mamada Masashi , Balijapalli Umamahesh , Ichikawa Tatsuya , Hirata Eiji , Kaizu Shun , Tanaka Akira , Itonaga Kazuichiro , Adachi Chihaya
Published: January 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that efficiently emit near-infrared (NIR) light and consume little power will create valuable applications for OLEDs beyond just displays. Here, we report such a NIR-OLED with high operational stability that can be used as a light source for three-dimensional sensing of object’s surfaces. Using a narrow-energy-gap material as a host for producing NIR hyperfluorescence system, we fabricated a NIR-OLED exhibiting intense emission at 930 nm with a high external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of more than 1% at a current density of 100 milliamperes per square meter without any degradation even after more than 300 hours of operation. The NIR-OLEDs were integrated with dense complementary metal-oxide semiconductor circuits to make a micro-NIR-OLED projector (0.21 inch, 230,400 pixels). By actively driving the projector on a pixel by pixel and projecting their emission onto objects, we successfully scanned and sensed the surfaces in three dimensions with invisible NIR.