bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vækst og kunst: Mellem natur og kultur, produktion og destruktion
Authors: Schmidt Ulrik , Busk-Jepsen Karen Benedicte , Hansen Maria Fabricius , Hauch Charlotte , Kjær Michael , Norman David Winfield
Published: October 2022

Vækst præger kulturen på godt og ondt. Fra idéer om liv, skabelse, kultivering og fremskridt til uønsket, uforudsigelig, ukultiveret, epidemisk og monstrøs vækst. Fra skyskrabere til finansbobler til syntetisk kød til six packs til big data. Særligt i dag, hvor naturlige og kunstigt skabte vækstformer i stigende grad blander sig sammen, er spørgsmålet om hvad vækst gør – hvordan den virker, hvad det egentlig er, der fascinerer os ved den, og hvilke muligheder, begrænsninger og potentielle kriser, den fører med sig – blevet desto mere påtrængende. Periskop nr. 22 undersøger i et bredt kunsthistorisk og -teoretisk perspektiv, hvordan vækst er blevet tematiseret, udforsket og udfordret i kunsten.
Det audiovisuelle scope. Et alternativ i museumsundervisningen
Authors: Colding Elisabeth
Published: October 2022

Jeg har som filmdokumentarist fulgt forskningsprojektet CULINN (Culturel Citizenship and Innovation) gennem et treårigt forløb på Nationalmuseet, Arbejdermuseet og i partnerskab med Center for Kunst & Interkultur samt Det Syriske Kulturinstitut. Projektet har i perioden 2017- 2020 undersøgt offentlige museers forpligtigelser og potentiale til at formidle dansk kulturhistorie, demokrati-forståelse og kulturelt medborgerskab til nyankomne mennesker i Danmark. Hovedmålsætningen har været kulturel og demokratisk inklusion af helt nye borgere i museumsregi. Sammen med de ovenfor nævnte institutioner deltog i alt syv museer: Vardemuseerne, Museum Vestsjælland, Bornholms Museum, Immigrantmuseet og Museum Lolland-Falster.
Det forstyrrende og det nærværende. Didaktiske relationer mellem universitet og museum
Authors: Skovmøller Amalie
Published: October 2022

I forårssemesteret 2019 afvikledes kandidatkurset Skulptur i farver på Københavns Universitet (KU). Kurset havde til hensigt at stille skarpt på ofte oversete blikke på skulpturen, affødt af en traditionel adskillelse af form og overflade, såsom skulpturernes farve og deres sanselige indvirkning på beskueren i deres nutidige museale kontekster. Kurset var samundervist mellem klassisk arkæologi og kunsthistorie og udgjorde et mellemstort hold på 47 studerende, som ud over ovennævnte fag også kom fra især Konservatorskolen.

Denne artikel vil udfolde to museumsbesøg planlagt og afviklet inden for rammerne af Skulptur i farver. Museumsbesøgene præsenteres som konkrete cases og bruges til at diskutere akademisk, fortrinsvist klassisk arkæologisk og kunsthistorisk, undervisning på to kunst- og kulturhistoriske museer i København, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (NCG) og Thorvaldsens Museum (ThM). Artiklen vil især fokusere på, hvordan brugen af museumsrummene kan rammesættes af underviseren selv. På Skulptur i farver var mødet med skulpturerne på de to museer direkte bærende for kursets overordnede læringsmål. Derfor var det også frustrerende for underviserne at observere, hvordan der var et tydeligt frafald af de samme studerende, når undervisningen foregik på museerne. Det systematiske fravalg af undervisningen på museerne rejser to spørgsmål: 1) Hvad var de studerendes forventninger til den undervisning, de skulle modtage på Skulptur i farver, og hvordan imødekom undervisningen på museerne sådanne forventninger? Og 2) kunne undervisningen på museerne være planlagt og rammesat anderledes for at minimere det observerbare frafald?
Diasporiske perspektiver på racialiseringens kolonialitet i Danmark
Authors: Hunter Elizabeth Löwe
Published: October 2022

Diasporiske perspektiver på racialiseringens kolonialitet i Danmark
Lortekunst
Authors: Bencard Adam
Published: October 2022

Lort er liv. Lort markerer vores placering i det store kredsløb, i den flod af organisk liv, der både fordøjer og skaber liv. Som den hollandske fysiolog og materialist Jacob Moleschott skrev i værket Kreislauf des Lebens fra 1852:

Menneskets ekskrementer nærer planten. Planten omdanner luften til stof og nærer dyret. Kødædende dyr spiser planteædere, for derefter selv at gå til grunde og sprede nyt spirende liv i planteverdenen. Denne materielle udveksling er blevet kaldt stofskifte. Vi bør med rette benævne dette ord med en vis ærbødighed. For ligesom udveksling er handlens sjæl, er den evige cirkulation af stof selve verdens sjæl. (Citeret fra Schmidt 1971, 87)

Lort, ligesom livet, er stof, der er skiftet. Lort er transformation, både nedbrydning og genskabelse. Lort er bogstaveligt talt levende, det indeholder trillioner af mikroorganismer, der tilsammen udgør små flerartede økosystemer. Lort er også toksisk og kan sprede sygdomme; i det store kredsløb er den enes lort både potentielt den andens død såvel som brød. Lort er livgivende, men kan også have for meget eller det forkerte liv, hvis det optræder det forkerte sted. Det er intimt, forbudt, hverdagsagtigt, og tabuiseret i højeste potens. Lort bevæger sig på tværs af grænser – liv og død, det private og det offentlige, afsky og fascination, krop og omverden. Det løber, bogstaveligt og metaforisk, som en flod under vores civilisation, allestedsnærværende, men ofte gjort usynligt. Lort er med andre ord prægnant, fyldt med liv, død og energi, på tværs af det materielle og det symbolske.
Samtidskunsthistorie? Noter om samtidskunst og kunsthistoriefaget i dag
Authors: Vest Hansen Malene
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

“Contemporary art history? Notes on contemporary art and art history today” discusses the significant role played by contemporary art in art history as an academic discipline today, based on the understanding of both contemporary art and art history as informing the radical postmodern changes in conceptions of art, history, canon, gender, and colonialism. Taking as a starting point the case of art history at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark since the 1990s and the author’s experiences through more than three decades working as an art historian and art critic, the article draws on specific case studies of contemporary art projects and the art history journal Periskop to argue that contemporary art has played a key role in changing the traditional academic art historical discipline into a “new art history”. Moreover, the essay discusses why an (art) historical perspective is also vital for the contemporary understanding of and working critically with contemporary art by addressing discussions of key ideas formulated by international art historians, including Terry Smith’s “contemporaneity”, Claire Bishop’s “dialectical contemporaneity”, and David Joselit’s “strategies of re-authorization”.
A novel multiproxy approach to detect the impact of charcoal production on the natural environment in NW Poland – project concept and preliminary results
Authors: Ważny Tomasz , Szewczyk Krzysztof , Łuców Dominika , Róg Dominik , Słowiński Michał , Konopski Michał , Kruczkowska Bogusława , Jonczak Jerzy , Gmińska-Nowak Barbara , Noryśkiewicz Agnieszka Maria , Kołaczkowska Ewa , Tyszkowski Sebastian , Swoboda Paweł , Chojnacka Aleksandra , Brykała Dariusz , Kowalska Anna , Barbarino Vincenzo , Kardasz Cezary , Niedzielski Michał , Halaś Agnieszka , Kramkowski Mateusz , Związek Tomasz , Słowińska Sandra , Mroczkowska Agnieszka , Obremska Milena
Published: October 2022

Agriculture has been the major driver of deforestation in Europe in the last 1000 years. In the past, forests were also exploited for charcoal production; however, the spatial scale/extent of this activity and its impact are unknown. LIDAR data can be used as a noninvasive tool to investigate the small-scale diversity of the land relief, including forested areas. These data can reveal the extent anthropogenic modifications of topography present-day as well as in the past. One of the activities that can be analyzed based on LIDAR data is spatial distribution of charcoal production. A preliminary LIDAR data analysis indicated the intensity of this practice and its potential impact on the natural environment. This prompted us to analyze the environmental impact of charcoal hearths in northern Poland. As it turned out, this topic exceeded the scope of earth sciences and became a transdisciplinary one. In this work, we will use the research methods typical of biogeography, dendroecology, paleoecology, soil science, biology, botany, history, onomastics, as well as art history, in order to thoroughly understand not only the natural consequences but also the social and economic consequences of charcoal production. This paper presents the assumptions of our project, the research methodology, and the preliminary results. We have identified using LIDAR data more than 73 thousand relief forms which can be remnants of charcoal hearths. Our preliminary results confirmed large scale impact of past human activity related to charcoal production and suitability of the methods used for detecting and reconstructing charcoal hearths as well as determining the distribution and magnitude of past forest use for charcoal production in NW Poland.
Informed consent in clinical trials
Authors: Kovane G P , Nikoderm V C , Khondowe O
Published: October 2022

Background. Informed consent (IC) is not only a regulatory but also an ethical requirement to participate in any clinical trial. It is essential to determine that research participants understand what they consent to. Studies that evaluate participants’ understanding of IC conclude that recall and understanding of IC is often low, and researchers recommend that interactive multimedia interventions should be implemented to optimise understanding.

Objectives. To assess participants’ understanding of IC of the research trial that they agreed to participate in.Methods. A descriptive survey design, within a quantitative research approach, was used to conduct the study at two government hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 170 participants in research studies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the results.Results. Participants were recruited from among women who enrolled in any of the three studies that were ongoing at the two sites during the recruitment period. The study participants had a mean age of 25.9 years. Nearly one-third (30%) could not recall the purpose of the original trial that they consented to. The concept of randomisation was not understood by any of the participants.Conclusion. Regardless of extensive efforts to ensure that participants understood their participation, this study unveiled poor recall of essential information on IC. It is proposed that IC should be short and only address essential components such as purpose, procedure, possible risks or benefits, alternative options if not participating and explaining the concept of voluntary participation.
Ethics replaced by politics at the patient’s bedside: Sad and dark times in our post-1994 trajectory
Authors: Dhai Ames
Published: October 2022

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Theoretical Foundations of Bringing MFC Employees to Administrative Responsibility: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Yurkova Ol'ga Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2022

The object of the study is public relations regulating the issues of bringing to administrative responsibility employees of multifunctional centers for the provision of state and municipal services (MFC) on the territory of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the regulatory legal regulation of the administrative responsibility of MFC employees. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of administrative responsibility of MFC employees and to find ways to resolve them legally. The research used scientific-theoretical, scientific-practical, comparative-legal research method, method of comparative-legal analysis, method of legal interpretation, logical and formal-logical research method, objective methods of analysis, etc.   The relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the fact that given the huge demand for MFC services in the country (up to 96% of the population coverage), the need for legal regulation of personal data protection, as well as other violations of the procedure for providing state and municipal services, sharply increases. The uncertainty of the legal status of MFC employees is a factor that prevents the legal determination of their responsibility within the framework of the law. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that current scientific research on similar topics has been analyzed, as well as in a new approach to the issue of administrative responsibility from the point of view of the special legal personality of an MFC employee. According to the results of the study, it was found that the legislation on administrative responsibility of MFC employees contains legal conflicts that prevent the appointment of a fair punishment to the subject due to the fact that within the same norm, the same punishment is imposed on subjects who take far from equal participation in the provision of state or municipal services.
Egyptian Policy in the Context of the Transformation of US Geostrategic Approaches in the Middle East in 1953–1956.
Authors: Kryzhko Lidiya Anatol'evna , Kryzhko Evgeniy Vladimirovich , Pashkovsky Petr Igorevich
Published: October 2022

The authors consider the problem of the significance of Egypt's policy in the context of the transformation of the US geostrategic approaches in the Middle East in 1953–1956. It is shown that the approaches of the United States that have undergone transformation, which sought to create a controlled military-political bloc of the states of the Middle East region, were not implemented largely due to the policy of Egypt. Continuing the implementation of the military-political project - the Baghdad Pact, Washington not only did not achieve the favor of Cairo, but also caused its extremely negative reaction, which became a derivative of the understanding that American initiatives were an attempt to strengthen Egypt's traditional rival in the struggle for leadership in the Arab world – Iraq. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the designation of the role of Egypt as a regional power capable of creating alternative military projects to American initiatives. The circumstances preventing the inclusion of Cairo in the military-political bloc of states in the Middle East initiated by the United States, which directed a number of Arab countries against such initiatives, sympathizing with the anti-colonial sentiments of the Egyptian leadership, are indicated. It was revealed that the persistence of the initiatives of the Western states and the methods of their implementation prompted Cairo to seek protection in the face of an alternative center of power. Therefore, in the conditions of aggravation of Egyptian-Israeli relations on the eve of the Suez crisis, Egypt is drawing closer to the USSR. However, Washington retained the possibility of rapprochement with Cairo, not formally becoming a member of the Baghdad Pact, and also «staying aside» in the military anti-Egyptian action of Great Britain, France and Israel.
Identification and prevention of online video (webcam) crimes
Authors: Bersenev Evgeny Valer'evich , Khamidullin Ruslan Sibagatullovich
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the issues of both criminal and legal assessment of illegal activities related to the phenomenon of "webcam" and individual problems of identifying and documenting crimes in this sphere. The problems of qualification of criminal activity arising in the course of countering offenses related to this phenomenon are revealed. The peculiarities of conducting operational investigative measures aimed at uncovering the illegal activities of webcam studios (production and trafficking of pornographic materials, child pornography), and a special cluster of relations between subjects within the framework of modern Russian legislation are noted. The author pays special attention to the methodological training of law enforcement officers of the Russian Federation, as well as regular and effective interaction with the information systems of the national central bureaus of the International Criminal Police (Interpol). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that crimes arising in the sphere of limited regulation of the global Internet are a new trend in the transformation of the criminal world. The inability of the legislator and the law enforcement officer to predict the appearance and development of individual phenomena allowed the attackers to successfully build a "gray" webcam business industry. The phenomenon of "webcam" is a logical continuation of the development of public relations related to prostitution, the spread of pornography and sexual exploitation. The legalization of the webcam industry will create an ambiguous situation in which offenders will be able to disguise criminal activity as legitimate, which determines the relevance of the theoretical validity and practical implementation of effective regulatory tools for the activity in question. The improvement of the working methods of units engaged in operational investigative activities is a determining factor for solving the task. Based on the actual methods of committing crimes, the scientific work considers the features of documenting and qualifying the facts of illegal activity related to the phenomenon of Webcam.
Features of training polygraph examiners in the effective use of psychological technologies in the process of pre-test conversation in the process of instrumental lie detection
Authors: Sadekov Rustem Rafekovich , Senatorova Ol'ga Yur'evna , Klochko Yuliya Vital'evna
Published: October 2022

The authors consider in detail the features of professorial training of law enforcement officers in tactical and special techniques for organizing and conducting a pre-test conversation as a key stage in the course of a special psychophysiological study using a polygraph. Attention is paid to the strategic goals of the polygraph examiner, who should receive objective data from the interviewee on risk factors during the research process.The fulfillment of this goal, depending on the intentions of the subject, and therefore it is important to teach the future specialist to act competently and clearly in the process of performing this procedure, to be able to use psychological means to overcome negative states in the examined person during the pre-test conversation. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the paper considers current options for possible interaction between a polygraph examiner and the examined person during a pre-test conversation in the process of a special psychophysiological study, taking into account the use of psychological means to overcome negative emotional states in the examined person in their work. The authors note that the process of a special psychophysiological study is associated with the need to quickly navigate the psychological characteristics of the test subject, comprehensively analyze his behavior, emotional state and determine the strategy of behavior.Direct communicative interaction between the polygraph examiner and the subject begins during the pre–test conversation and its effectiveness at this stage of work can be improved through the use of additional psychological attitudes that will allow the specialist to correctly build a pre-test conversation and possibly get the maximum amount of information even before the direct polygraph interview.
Understanding the Rule of Law in the Positivist Doctrine of J. Times
Authors: Mikhailov Anton Mikhailovich
Published: October 2022

The subject of the present paper is the interpretation of the doctrine of the rule of law in the teaching of the leading representative of exclusive legal positivism, Joseph Raz (1939 - 2022). The importance of analysing the doctrine of the rule of law in this perspective lies in the fact that such a study is able to identify the fundamental ideas of the positivist understanding of law and the rule of law from the standpoint of the post-Hartian stage of its evolution. The article reveals two main approaches to understanding the rule of law in modern British legal literature - material and formal concepts. Raz's views on the rule of law are compared with the classical ideas of A.V. Dicey, the principles of the "inner morality" of law by L.L. Fuller and the position of F.A. von Hayek. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the Russian legal literature an attempt has been made to reveal the differences between formal and material concepts of the rule of law in British jurisprudence. Raz's arguments about the nature and goals of the rule of law are not generally accepted in English constituional doctrine, but are quite indicative of the position of post-Hartian legal positivism on the problem of building a stable and predictable legal order. On the one hand, the principles of the rule of law revealed in the teachings of Raz relate exclusively to the legal form, which is generally characteristic of the neo-positivism of the XX century. On the other hand, sociological attitudes can also be distinguished in Raz's teaching, which allows to assert that post-Hartian legal positivism combines a number of ideas of "classical" and "sociological" positivism.
Mutual Influence of Woodcut Art of China and the USSR
Authors: Wu Guanwen
Published: October 2022

The article discusses the features of interaction and mutual influence of the art of woodcut of China and the USSR. Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving reveal the greatest mutual influence and rich genre palette in the middle of the XX century. Chinese woodcut gave a creative impulse, enriched the visual possibilities, brought new ideas to the Soviet art of woodcut. It served as an impetus for the rise of graphics, which realized and asserted its specificity. In this regard, it seems relevant to identify common features of Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving of the mid-20th century, as well as to identify differences in the development of this art form in the two countries.   The article analyzes the works of famous woodcuts of two countries: Chen Yanqiao, Yang Han, Qi Baishi, V. A. Favorsky, A. A. Ushin. As a result of the analysis, the common features of Chinese woodcut and Soviet engraving of the mid-20th century were revealed, for example, similar plots and themes, as well as a special dynamic, lively and pulsating rhythm of the works. In addition, differences in the development of this type of art in both countries have been established, largely due to the preservation of their own national style by graphic artists. It is claimed that Soviet graphics contributed to the variety of Chinese woodcuts. In turn, Soviet artists adopted the subtleties of filigree technique from Chinese woodcuts.
Tumor elimination by clustered microRNAs miR-306 and miR-79 via noncanonical activation of JNK signaling
Authors: Wang Zhaowei , Xia Xiaoling , Li Jiaqi , Igaki Tatsushi
Published: October 2022

JNK signaling plays a critical role in both tumor promotion and tumor suppression. Here, we identified clustered microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-306 and miR-79 as novel tumor-suppressor miRNAs that specifically eliminate JNK-activated tumors in Drosophila. While showing only a slight effect on normal tissue growth, miR-306 and miR-79 strongly suppressed growth of multiple tumor models, including malignant tumors caused by Ras activation and cell polarity defects. Mechanistically, these miRNAs commonly target the mRNA of an E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 146 (RNF146). We found that RNF146 promotes degradation of tankyrase (Tnks), an ADP-ribose polymerase that promotes JNK activation in a noncanonical manner. Thus, downregulation of RNF146 by miR-306 and miR-79 leads to hyper-enhancement of JNK activation. Our data show that, while JNK activity is essential for tumor growth, elevation of miR-306 or miR-79 overactivate JNK signaling to the lethal level via noncanonical JNK pathway and thus eliminate tumors, providing a new miRNA-based strategy against cancer.
Active tactile discrimination is coupled with and modulated by the cardiac cycle
Authors: Galvez-Pol Alejandro , Virdee Pavandeep , Villacampa Javier , Kilner James
Published: October 2022

Perception and cognition are modulated by the phase of the cardiac signal in which the stimuli are presented. This has been shown by locking the presentation of stimuli to distinct cardiac phases. However, in everyday life sensory information is not presented in this passive and phase-locked manner, instead we actively move and control our sensors to perceive the world. Whether active sensing is coupled and modulated with the cardiac cycle remains largely unknown. Here, we recorded the electrocardiograms of human participants while they actively performed a tactile grating orientation task. We show that the duration of subjects’ touch varied as a function of the cardiac phase in which they initiated it. Touches initiated in the systole phase were held for longer periods of time than touches initiated in the diastole phase. This effect was most pronounced when elongating the duration of the touches to sense the most difficult gratings. Conversely, while touches in the control condition were coupled to the cardiac cycle, their length did not vary as a function of the phase in which these were initiated. Our results reveal that we actively spend more time sensing during systole periods, the cardiac phase associated with lower perceptual sensitivity (vs. diastole). In line with interoceptive inference accounts, these results indicate that we actively adjust the acquisition of sense data to our internal bodily cycles.
Immune‐related gene TM4SF18 could promote the metastasis of gastric cancer cells and predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Qin Xinyue , Chen Yinhao , Ma Shuo , Shen Lei , Ju Shaoqing
Published: October 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and the search for better markers has become one of the challenges today. It has been found that the L6 superfamily regulates the biological functions of numerous tumors, but transmembrane 4 L six family member 18 (TM4SF18) has been rarely reported. We found that TM4SF18 expression is upregulated in GC tissues and cells, which can be effectively diagnosed and dynamically monitored to assess the prognosis of GC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of TM4SF18 effectively inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, and affected the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process. TM4SF18 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC by univariate and multifactorial Cox analyses as well as by establishing nomogram plots. In addition, in TM4SF18 and immune correlation analysis, TM4SF18 expression levels were found to be negatively correlated with most immune cell marker genes and associated with numerous immune cells and immune pathways, resulting in less benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, we found that TM4SF18 is a promising GC biomarker that promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of GC cells, and is associated with immune response.
Image quality improvement in low‐dose chest CT with deep learning image reconstruction
Authors: Tian Qian , Li Xinyu , Li Jianying , Cheng Yannan , Niu Xinyi , Zhu Shumeng , Xu Wenting , Guo Jianxin
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To investigate the clinical utility of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for improving image quality in low‐dose chest CT in comparison with 40% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction‐Veo (ASiR‐V40%) algorithm.

Methods

This retrospective study included 86 patients who underwent low‐dose CT for lung cancer screening. Images were reconstructed with ASiR‐V40% and DLIR at low (DLIR‐L), medium (DLIR‐M), and high (DLIR‐H) levels. CT value and standard deviation of lung tissue, erector spinae muscles, aorta, and fat were measured and compared across the four reconstructions. Subjective image quality was evaluated by two blind readers from three aspects: image noise, artifact, and visualization of small structures.

Results

The effective dose was 1.03 ± 0.36 mSv. There was no significant difference in CT values of erector spinae muscles and aorta, whereas the maximum difference for lung tissue and fat was less than 5 HU among the four reconstructions. Compared with ASiR‐V40%, the DLIR‐L, DLIR‐M, and DLIR‐H reconstructions reduced the noise in aorta by 11.44%, 33.03%, and 56.1%, respectively, and had significantly higher subjective quality scores in image artifacts (all p < 0.001). ASiR‐V40%, DLIR‐L, and DLIR‐M had equivalent score in visualizing small structures (all p > 0.05), whereas DLIR‐H had slightly lower score.

Conclusions

Compared with ASiR‐V40%, DLIR significantly reduces image noise in low‐dose chest CT. DLIR strength is important and should be adjusted for different diagnostic needs in clinical application.
Reliable nonfragile tracking control for switched systems with external disturbances
Authors: Muthusamy Vijayakumar , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Kong Fanchao , Selvaraj Marshal Anthoni
Published: October 2022

With the assistance of reliable control technique, the nonfragile tracking problem has been proposed in this paper for a class of switched systems with external disturbances under the aegis of modified repetitive controller. Notably, the designed repetitive controller is used to improve the tracking performance of the addressed switched systems. Preciously, the influence of external disturbances are estimated through the improved equivalent‐input‐disturbance strategy, wherein the effect caused by the external disturbances to the output channel are reduced by the aid of modified repetitive control strategy. The fundamental intention of this control synthesis is that the output of the system precisely tracks the reference signal even in the presence of external disturbances and gain fluctuations. For that cause, Lyapunov stability technique in conjunction with average dwell time approach is implemented to obtain adequate conditions in the shape of linear matrix inequalities which insists the exponential stability for the addressed system. Ultimately, the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed control schemes are justified via two numerical examples, wherein it is exposed to view that the developed control strategy is capable of good tracking performance and also estimates the external disturbances efficiently.
Ambipolar Nonvolatile Memory Behavior and Reversible Type‐Conversion in MoSe2/MoSe2 Transistors with Modified Stack Interface
Authors: Kim Taewook , Kang Donghee , Lee Sol , Jeong Yeonsu , Cho Hyunmin , Kim Junho , Bae Heesun , Yi Yeonjin , Kim Kwanpyo , Im Seongil
Published: October 2022

2D semiconductor devices have been studied due to their unique potential in architecture and properties. As one of the unique devices approaches, 2D hetero‐stack channel field‐effect transistors (FETs) have recently been reported, but homo‐stack FETs are rare to find. Here, MoSe2/MoSe2 homo‐stack transistors are rather fabricated for study. Unlike the equivalently‐thick single MoSe2 FET, homo‐stack FETs show n‐type memory behavior that originates from stack interface‐induced traps. Particularly, when their stack interfaces are engineered by surface oxidation of bottom MoSe2, more stable nonvolatile memory behavior turns out. Short‐term ultraviolet ozone (UVO)‐induced oxidation only results in n‐type memory, but 15 min‐long oxidation surprisingly enables both n‐ and p‐type nonvolatile memory behavior due to nm‐thin MoOx embedded between upper and lower MoSe2. Furthermore, by alternating gate voltage pulse to the 15 min‐long UVO‐treated FETs, channel polarity conversion appears reversible in a small gate voltage (VGS) sweep range, which means that the channel type of a transistor can be reversibly modulated via stack interface engineering. It is believed that homo‐stack interface engineering must be one of the approaches to maximize the potential of 2D devices.
From Amorphous to Polycrystalline Rubrene: Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors Paralleled with Silicon
Authors: Euvrard Julie , Gunawan Oki , Kahn Antoine , Rand Barry P.
Published: October 2022

While progress has been made in the design of organic semiconductors (OSCs) with improved transport properties, the understanding of the mechanisms involved is still limited, hindering further development. In this study, the interplay between structural order and transport considering one single OSC, analogous to past research on silicon is investigated. Rubrene (C42H28) is selected as it spans transport mechanisms from thermally activated hopping in its amorphous form to band‐like in highly ordered crystals in the orthorhombic polymorph. Transport characterizations including variable temperature conductivity, advanced Hall effect, and magnetoresistance measurements are performed on rubrene films with varying levels of order (polycrystalline vs amorphous), crystal phase (orthorhombic vs triclinic), and morphologies (platelet‐like vs spherulitic grains). A conductivity tuning range over four orders of magnitude between polycrystalline (platelet‐like) orthorhombic and amorphous films is reported. As observed in silicon, transport in polycrystalline orthorhombic rubrene is limited by energy barriers at grain boundaries. Additionally, a gradual transition from predominantly band‐like to predominantly hopping transport with increasing disorder, reminiscent of observations in silicon is shown. Nevertheless, OSCs differ from covalently bonded silicon by their weak intermolecular interaction. This study highlights that molecular packing must be optimized in OSCs to favor advantageous π‐orbital overlap and optimized transport properties.
Regulation of Synovial Macrophages Polarization by Mimicking Efferocytosis for Therapy of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Yu Zhenyan , Ji Shuaishuai , Yan Jie , kong Yan , Huo Qiang , Zhang Zhijun , Niu Yimin , Liu Yang
Published: October 2022

The progression of osteoarthritis is associated with chronic synovitis caused by synovial macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory M1 polarization. Accordingly, repolarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype by nanoagents is proposed as a potential treatment strategy. However, achieving adequate effects using intra‐articular injected agents is challenging due to the rapid drug clearance from the joint space and poor efficiency of nanoparticles endocytosis by synovial macrophage cells. Herein, apoptotic chondrocyte membrane‐coated, quercetin‐loaded metal‐organic framework nanoparticles as immunomodulators for treating osteoarthritis are reported. The apoptotic chondrocyte membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles containing various natural “eat me” signals can be easily disguised as chondrocyte apoptotic bodies in the joints, and thus are more easily phagocytized by synovial macrophages similarly to efferocytosis. Furthermore, the released quercetin promotes the polarization of synovial macrophages to the M2 phenotype and also inhibites the apoptosis of articular chondrocytes. In vivo results suggest that such a “Trojan horse” strategy can extend the retention time of nanoparticles in osteoarthritis joints and improve treatment efficacy. Collectively, it is hoped that this study can offer a potential and universal platform for engineered cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles to resolve inflammation by simulating specific inflammatory processes.
Developing High‐Performance Metal Selenides for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Shi Xiaoyan , Yang Zhuo , Li Lin , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: October 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) show tremendous potential for large‐scale energy storage systems due to the high abundance of sodium resources and potentially low cost. Among the discovered anode materials for SIBs, metal selenides with large theoretical capacities are considered as a promising candidate. Nevertheless, metal selenide‐based anodes are trapped by poor ionic/electronic conductivity, low initial Coulombic efficiency, and drastic volume changes during the (de)sodiation process. Herein, the differences in sodium‐storage mechanisms of different metal selenides are first analyzed. Subsequently, the specific challenges and corresponding modification strategies (such as nanostructure design, carbon modification, potential window regulation, electrolyte optimization, and constructing heterostructures) for metal selenides as SIB anodes are discussed in detail, and recent advances are also presented. Finally, the potential research directions of metal selenides in SIBs are comprehensively reviewed. It is believed that this review can provide constructive comments on the optimization and large‐scale application of high‐performance metal selenide‐based anode for SIBs.
A Thiourea Competitive Crystallization Strategy for FA‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qihang , Tuo Binyang , Ren Ziqiu , Xue Tangyue , Zhang Yiqiang , Ma Junjie , Li Pengwei , Song Yanlin
Published: October 2022

The solution process of perovskite solar cells may lead to widespread defects in the device, causing severe nonradiative recombination and the loss of conversion efficiency. Herein, a strategy of embedding thiourea into perovskite to manipulate the crystallization process and passivate the defects simultaneously is demonstrated. A competitive crystallization mechanism by embedding thiourea into perovskite has been proposed for the improvement of morphology and crystallinity. The defects in the device have been dramatically decreased by the strong coordination of CS bond in thiourea with the undercoordinated Pb2+. Moreover, the bilateral affinity of thiourea to the SnO2 and perovskite can enhance the interface contact by the bridging bonding, which will release the residual stress of perovskite films. As a result, the thiourea‐embedding device achieves a power conversion efficiency over 24% and shows excellent storage and illumination stabilities. Even undergoing 3768 h storage, the maximum efficiency value of unencapsulated device keeps over 94%. Furthermore, the efficiency of the optimized device maintains over 80% after 120 h continuous illumination at 60 °C.
Homogeneous Metallic Deposition Regulated by Porous Framework and Selenization Interphase Toward Stable Sodium/Potassium Anodes
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Wang Lifeng , Ling Fangxin , Zhou Xuefeng , Jiang Yu , Yao Yu , Yang Hai , Shao Yu , Wu Xiaojun , Rui Xianhong , He Chuanxin , Yu Yan
Published: October 2022

Sodium (Na) metal has been considered as the most promising anode for achieving next‐generation battery system with high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled dendrites growth, infinite volume expansion and unstable solid/electrolyte interphase severely hinder the practical application of Na metal anode. Herein, a functional composite Na anode (Na2Se/Cu@Na) is achieved via infusing molten Na into the porous copper framework modified by cuprous selenide nanosheets. Combining experimental studies and theoretical calculations, the 3D framework and derivatives of Na2Se/Cu can synergistically buffer the volume expansion, redistribute Na+ flux, promote ions migration, and induce uniform Na+ deposition. Benefiting from these merits, the symmetrical cell of Na2Se/Cu@Na demonstrates a stable cycle lifespan over 500 h at 1 mA cm−2 in carbonate electrolyte. And the full battery paired with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode delivers a stable capacity of 97 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 10 C. Furthermore, this structured framework can also be employed to construct composite potassium (K) anode and an outstanding cycle performance is achieved in the symmetrical cell (operating for 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2). This study paves a significant way of designing structured Na (K) metal anodes for synergistically improving the electrode stability.
Phthalocyanine Based Metal–Organic Framework Ultrathin Nanosheet for Efficient Photocathode toward Light‐Assisted Li–CO2 Battery
Authors: Wang Jian‐Hui , Li Shan , Chen Yifa , Dong Long‐Zhang , Liu Ming , Shi Jing‐Wen , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: October 2022

Light‐assisted Li–CO2 battery, emerging as a powerful battery‐technology to utilize light‐energy, has attracted much attention yet it is still limited by the lack of efficient photocathode catalysts toward simultaneously promoted CO2 activation/evolution processes. Here, a kind of phthalocyanine‐based metal–organic framework nanosheet (CoPc–Mn–O) is prepared and applied as efficient photocathode catalyst in light‐assisted Li–CO2 battery. Thus‐produced CoPc–Mn–O shows nanosheet‐morphology (≈1 nm), dual active metal‐sites (i.e., Co–N4 and Mn–O4), high conductivity, and photosensitivity. The resulting battery delivers a high round‐trip efficiency of 98.5% with an ultralow voltage hysteresis of 0.05 V and superior cycling‐stability (81.3%) for 60 h at 0.02 mA cm−2, which is represented to be one of the best photo‐cathodes to date. Density functional theory calculations and characterizations prove that the presence of photosensitive CoPc–Mn–O with dual active metal‐sites endows an activation energy (3.2 eV) for CO2 activation under light condition and simultaneously promote the CO2 evolution to enhance the battery efficiency.
A Portable Fluorescence Sensor with Improved Performance for Aniline Monitoring
Authors: Gao Xinxiang , Huang Rongrong , Fang Wan , Huang Wei , Yin Zihao , Liu Yue , Huang Xinyu , Ding Liping , Peng Haonan , Fang Yu
Published: October 2022

Aniline is an important biomarker in human exhaled breath for lung cancer, thus aniline sensing is of paramount importance. However, highly sensitive and selective detection of aniline in high moisture environment of exhaled breath is still challenging. In this work, a new fluorescence sensor for aniline with ultrahigh sensitivity is constructed. The o‐carborane modified pyromellitic diimide derivative (CB‐PMI) is designed and prepared as the sensitive layer for the fluorescence sensor. As‐prepared sensing films exhibit a highly improved response toward aniline vapor. The good sensing performance of the fluorescence films in terms of response speed, selectivity, and reusability is also realized, and the detection limit can be as low as 0.1 ppt. The detection linear slope ranges from 1 to 50 ppt. In addition, a homemade portable sensing platform is successfully constructed, which may be a promising prototype for the future detection of modulating breath samples. The reported fluorescence sensor offers a new paradigm for the simple, low cost, and noninvasive diagnosis of lung cancer.
Ultraviolet Photodetection with Low Detection Limit Using Inch‐Sized Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Crystal
Authors: Liang Lishan , Niu Xinyi , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Ziyang , Wu Jianbo , Luo Junhua
Published: October 2022

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetection is widely used in different fields, among which the photodetection with low detection limit has attracted strong interest due to broad applications in various fields including military security, medical diagnosis, and chemical analysis. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites are promising candidates for UV photodetection owing to their superior semiconducting properties and solution accessibility. Here, UV photodetection with low detection limit is successfully realized by using high‐quality 2D hybrid perovskite single crystals, (BA)2PbBr4 (1, BA = C4H9NH3+). Grown via a delicate solution method, a high‐quality single crystal of 1 as large as 35 × 15 × 1 mm3 is obtained with a low trap density of ≈1010 cm−3, and used to fabricate photodetectors hence exhibiting an ultra‐low dark current of 6.11 × 10−13 A. The detector exhibits a considerable on/off ratio of ≈104, an impressive detectivity up to 2.06 × 1012 Jones, and a responsivity of 16.9 mA W−1. Notably, due to the high‐crystalline quality and low dark current of 1, the device shows remarkable photoresponse even under an extremely weak illumination of 80 nW cm−2 at the UV region. This work provides a promising candidate for sensitive UV photodetection and high‐performance photodetectors.
Role of Anions in 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Solvation in Ionic Liquids from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Montes‐Campos Hadrián , Méndez‐Morales Trinidad , Varela Luis Miguel , Ortuño Manuel Angel
Published: October 2022

The proper selection of solvents for biomass upgrading is a crucial task as it should carefully balance the enhancement of reactivity with a facile product recovery. A challenging case is the conversion of glucose and fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Ionic liquids (ILs) are often employed to boost the activity and selectivity of this process, although the isolation of HMF from the medium remains a major drawback. To investigate such solvent effects in a realistic (dynamic) environment, classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of HMF are performed in imidazolium‐based ILs with different anions. Several parameters are identified that directly control HMF–anion interactions, which may hamper product separation, as well as HMF–HMF contacts, which can promote undesired side‐reactions. These computational results would guide future high‐throughput screenings of new and improved IL media.
Hygroscopic Porous Polymer for Sorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Deng Fangfang , Chen Zhihui , Wang Chenxi , Xiang Chengjie , Poredoš Primož , Wang Ruzhu
Published: October 2022

Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) holds huge potential due to its freshwater capabilities for alleviating water scarcity stress. The two essential parts, sorbent material and system structure, dominate the water sorption–desorption performance and the total water productivity for SAWH system together. Attributed to the superiorities in aspects of sorption–desorption performance, scalability, and compatibility in practical SAWH devices, hygroscopic porous polymers (HPPs) as next‐generation sorbents are recently going through a vast surge. However, as HPPs’ sorption mechanism, performance, and applied potential lack comprehensive and accurate guidelines, SAWH's subsequent development is restricted. To address the aforementioned problems, this review introduces HPPs’ recent development related to mechanism, performance, and application. Furthermore, corresponding optimized strategies for both HPP‐based sorbent bed and coupling structural design are proposed. Finally, original research routes are directed to develop next‐generation HPP‐based SAWH systems. The presented guidelines and insights can influence and inspire the future development of SAWH technology, further achieving SAWH's practical applications.
Concave Engineering of Hollow Carbon Spheres toward Advanced Anode Material for Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Yuxiang , Shi Xiaodong , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang
Published: October 2022

Concave carbon spheres have attracted enormous interest due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the precise synthetic methodology is still scarce, because it is a great challenge to control the dynamic and nonselective deformation process of the intermediate precursor. Herein, a series of hollow carbon spheres with tunable concavity are prepared by a facile and efficient polymerization‐buckling strategy. Both the concave degree and concave density of these hollow carbon spheres can be precisely regulated. Finite element analysis indicates the unique concave morphology can relieve the stress accumulation during the cycling process, endowing concave hollow carbon spheres with superior potassium and sodium storage performance. As the anode for potassium‐ion batteries, stable capacity of 104.9 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 4 A g−1 after 1350 cycles. For sodium‐ion batteries, reversible capacity of 116.4 mAh g−1 after 2700 cycles can be enabled at 2 A g−1. This work may open a new avenue for the design of concave hollow carbon materials and promote their practical application in energy storage field.