bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Effects of Lacosamide in Patients with Drug Refractory Focal Epilepsy: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Modi, MD Dr. Sophia B , S, MD Dr. Asha , Iype, MD, MRCP(UK), FRCP(Edin), DM Dr. Thomas , Kanakamma, MD Dr. Libu Gnanaseelan , Rajan, Neuropsychologist Mrs. Reeja
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to obtain data on the cognitive effects of lacosamide in Indian population. Methodology: An open labelled prospective observational study in 22 patients who suffered from focal epilepsy. Results: All the pre and post lacosamide cognition scores showed statistically significant positive correlation in this study. Average initial seizure frequency per month was 3.56 (SD 2.58) and median frequency 2.5 seizures per month. Range being 1-8 per month. At the final follow-up at 6months, 87.5% of the study subjects had no seizures. In the remaining12.5% of patients, reduction in seizure frequency was observed. The difference in frequency is statistically significant (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks TestP <0.001). Conclusion: Excellent seizure control is observed in patients with refractory focal epilepsy treated with lacosamide. Also, lacosamide has no serious adverse effects or drug interactions. In this study, it is observed that unlike many AEDs, lacosamide contributed to significant improvement in cognition.
Sustainable Livelihoods from Natural Heritage on Islands
Authors: Kelman Ilan
Published: December 2021

Due to their size and isolation, and subsequent marginalization and resource limitations, islands frequently face significant development and sustainability challenges; but these same characteristics provide significant advantages too. Natural heritage can support many livelihoods, although care is needed to avoid overexploitation. This paper presents an overview of sustainable livelihoods from natural heritage on islands, indicating the challenges and benefits which emerge. Ethical concerns are described along with the importance of ensuring the diversity and transferability of livelihoods.
Contrasting Socio-Economic and Demographic Profiles of Two, Small Island, Economic Species: MIRAB versus PROFIT/SITE
Authors: Oberst Ashley
Published: December 2021

The MIRAB model developed by Bertram and Watters, based on remittances and aid, has dominated the small island economy literature for two decades. Recently, two challenges have surfaced: the PROFIT formulation emphasizing domestic policy flexibility - a socalled ‘resourcefulness of jurisdiction’ - and a dynamic private sector (Baldacchino, 2006); and the SITE model, stressing the role of tourism (McElroy, 2006). To date, there has been no comparative assessment of these different island models. This article addresses this gap. Its point of departure is to consider SITE islands as a subspecies of the PROFIT cluster. It constructs comprehensive profiles across 27 socio-economic and demographic variables for two island sub-groups with populations of less than three million: 23 MIRAB and 35 PROFIT-SITE. Results indicate PROFIT-SITE islands are much more affluent, socially advanced and demographically mature than their MIRAB counterparts.
The Challenge of Nissology: A Global Outlook on the World Archipelago Part I: Scene Setting the World Archipelago
Authors: Depraetere Christian
Published: December 2021

Islands are the rule and not the exception. One major objective for nissology- defined as the study of islands and islandness - in the 21st century should be to debunk the unfair prejudice that 'island studies’continues to suffer at present time.To do so, a systematic treatment of the island phenomenon needs to be undertaken and this should be backed up by substantial theoretical underpinnings.In seeking to turn the dominant continental paradigm on its head, islands not only deserve to be "studied on their own terms"; they also become the deus ex machina of a holistic understanding of the world archipelago and its ongoing globalization. This vision should contribute towards bridging the gap between 'continentalists’who tend to consider islands only as epiphenomena of larger land trends. and 'island studies’practitioners. This paper(the first of two segments) concentrates on the physical geographical and historical unfolding of the importance of islands.
Геометрическая модель Элементарных Частиц
Authors: Болдов Илья
Published: December 2021

В работе показано, что сущность массы как физического явления в N–мерном пространстве есть следствие её протяженности в N+1 пространстве. Масса элементарной частицы определяется её объемом и геометрической формой. Сделано предположение, что энергия связи в атомных ядрах (дефект массы нуклонов) и появление сил удерживающих протоны и нейтроны в ядре не являются причиной и следствием. Что позволяет рассматривать в качестве кварков лептоны с целыми значениями зарядов. Формулы распадов частиц приведены в строгую форму без волшебных превращений. Предпринята попытка систематизации всех известных элементарных частиц в таблицы кварковых сочетаний. Рассчитаны массы всех известных элементарных частиц по соКлючевые слова: элементарные частицы, трехмерное пространство, гравитация, масса.поставленным многогранникам.
Effect of Storage and Some Hydrocolloid Blends on Physicochemical, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Keşkül, a Dairy Dessert
Authors: KADAĞAN Selen , ARSLAN Seher
Published: December 2021

In this study, the effect of different hydrocolloid combination and storage period on physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of keşkül, a dairy dessert, was determined. Guar gum-xanthan gum, carrageenan-guar gum and carrageenan-xanthan gum combinations were assessed as hydrocolloid combinations in keşkül production. Some physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties were determined on the days of 1, 5 and 10 of storage. Keşkül samples containing carrageenan had higher hardness and springiness values than the other samples at the end of storage. The highest water holding capacity was detected in keşkül samples with carrageenan and guar gum at the beginning of storage. Syneresis values of keşkül were determined between 18.65 and 28.49% during storage. The variation of storage period and different hydrocolloid combination on Hunter L, a and b values were insignificant (p>0.05). Keşkül including a guar and carrageenan combination received the highest general appreciation score at the beginning of storage. The results indicated that hydrocolloid combination utilization in keşkül production has commercial potential in overcoming the problems related to physicochemical, textural and sensory properties.
Research on the influence of fuzzy mathematics simulation model in the development of Wushu market
Authors: Sun Hongyuan , Lv Wu , Khadidos Adil Omar , Kharabsheh Radwan
Published: December 2021

The paper adopts research methods such as literature data method, expert interview method and mathematical statistics method, and uses fuzzy mathematics theory to make a quantitative comprehensive evaluation of related data of martial arts industry. The research conclusions obtained are as follows. The shortcomings of the martial arts industry in the process of marketisation are: (1) lack of human resources; (2) local enthusiasm for investing in the martial arts industry is not high; (3) related industries and platforms that can be used are less. Suggestions to address these are: (1) improve the popularity and influence of martial arts products; (2) formulate relevant policies and regulations to guide the development direction of the martial arts industry; (3) strengthen cooperation with the media, cultivate and package high-level martial arts professionals and establish a martial arts brand image.
Cognitive Computational Model Using Machine Learning Algorithm in Artificial Intelligence Environment
Authors: Liu Shangyi , Spiridonidis Constantin-Viktor , Khder Moaiad Ahmad
Published: December 2021

In order to explore the application of machine learning algorithm to intelligent analysis of big data in an artificial intelligence (AI) environment, make cognitive computing meet the requirements of AI and better assist humans to carry out data analysis, first, the theoretical basis of machine learning algorithm is elaborated. Then, a cognitive computational model based on the machine learning algorithm is proposed, including the essence, principle, function, training method of deep belief network (DBN) algorithm, as well as the joint use of DBN algorithm and multilayer perceptron. Finally, the proposed algorithm is simulated. The results show that under the same parameter conditions, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is >40, the accuracy rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is significantly higher than that of the DBN algorithm; when the number of units is 30, the best effect can be obtained, and the error rate is <0.05, but the DBN algorithm cannot achieve this effect alone; when the number of network layers is specified as four, the error rate of the DBN algorithm combined with multilayer perceptron is <0.05, forming the optimal level. In the AI environment, the performance of the cognitive computational model based on the DBN algorithm and multilayer perceptron can reach the highest level, which makes the computer become a handy intelligent auxiliary tool for human beings.
Calculation of tourism development income index based on finite element ordinary differential mathematical equation
Authors: Wei Ying , Khadidos Adil Omar , Abdulrazzqa Mohammed
Published: December 2021

China's tourism industry developed rapidly in the late 1990s, and its direct result is the continuous and rapid growth of tourism operating income. However, since 2010, China's tourism development has been slow and regional tourism development has been uneven. Even in different years in the same area, the tourism operating income shows great differences. How to select the key factor from many factors, as there is still no recognised method in the theoretical circle. This article combines the theories of econometrics, differential calculus, statistics and other related fields. Through in-depth basic research, the data required for the research is determined, and such data are substituted into the self-constructed econometric differential statistical model. Effective analysis of empirical objects is realised. At the same time, the article uses tourism operating income as an indicator and uses the analysis of variance method to calculate the average coefficient of variation of the same region in different years and different regions in the same year, analyses the trends and characteristics of China's tourism in the temporal and spatial structure, and proposes corresponding results on this basis.
Educational research on mathematics differential equation to simulate the model of children's mental health prevention and control system
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Yang Xueping , Alyoubi Khaled H. , Omer Rowa E.E.
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the practicality of the infant mental health tracking system, the system is simulated based on mathematical differential equations. The SSH framework technology of the mode-view-controller (MVC) design model analyses and designs the model of the prevention and control system of children's mental health. In this design pattern, the Struts framework is used to realise the separation of the view layer, the business layer and the control layer, and the Hibernate framework is used to realise the data persistence layer, thereby obtaining a system solution with strong scalability, low coupling and easy maintenance.
Calculating university education model based on finite element fractional differential equations and macro-control analysis
Authors: Li Caijuan , Alhebaishi Nawaf , Omer Rowa E.E.
Published: December 2021

Firstly, based on the charging theory of ‘education cost-sharing,’ under appropriate assumptions, two basic differential equation models are proposed to describe the problem of college education charges; secondly, through qualitative analysis of the basic model, it is concluded that colleges and universities maintain or impose several conditions for stabilising its education fees; finally, through the analysis of two basic models in three unique models under three situations, some new conclusions and suggestions on the macro-control of college education fees and enrolment scale are given. Also, three extended differential equation models are proposed.
Nonlinear differential equations based on the B-S-M model in the pricing of derivatives in financial markets
Authors: Tao Limin , Xu Liping , Sulaimani Hani Jamal
Published: December 2021

The pricing and hedging of financial derivatives have become one of the hot research issues in mathematical finance today. In the case of non-risk neutrality, this article uses the martingale method and probability measurement method to study the pricing method and hedging strategy of financial derivatives. This paper also further studies the hedging strategy of financial derivatives in the incomplete market based on the BSM model and converts the solution of this problem into solving a vector on the Hilbert space to its closure. The problem of space projection is to use projection theory to decompose financial derivatives under a given martingale measure. In the imperfect market, the vertical projection theory is used to obtain the approximate pricing method and hedging strategy of financial derivatives in which the underlying asset follows the martingale process; the projection theory is further expanded, and the pricing problem of financial derivatives under the mixed-asset portfolio is obtained. Approximate pricing of financial derivatives; in the discrete state, the hedging investment strategy of financial derivatives H in the imperfect market is found through the method of variance approximation.
Determination of the minimum distance between vibration source and fibre under existing optical vibration signals: a study
Authors: Li Haitao , Zhang Guoqing , Alhebaishi Nawaf , Abdelhameed Hamdy
Published: December 2021

The article analyses why colleges and universities should strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship education based on ‘mass entrepreneurship and innovation.’ First, we conduct a questionnaire survey on the status quo of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship and use nonlinear methods to construct an evaluation model of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities to evaluate students’ innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities quantitatively. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the combined evaluation model through the data on the innovation and entrepreneurship of college students. The research results can provide a new idea for appraisal of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability.
Mathematical simulation analysis of optimal detection of shot-putters’ best path
Authors: Sun Baocong
Published: December 2021

In order to consider many uncertain factors in the process of shot-put, a fuzzy optimisation model of shot-put is proposed. With the help of fuzzy anthropometric data and strength data, the model calculates the fuzzy solution set of the athlete's best throwing mode and throwing distance with a known probability distribution, which reflects the actual process of shot throwing better than the non-fuzzy optimisation model. Then, using MATLAB6 software, the program design of the model solving and the user interface of optimisation software are developed, which realises fast calculation and good user interaction function. Finally, the actual measurement data of university shot-putters are used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the fuzzy optimisation model.
Dichotomy model based on the finite element differential equation in the educational informatisation teaching reform model
Authors: Yin Wei , Alassafi Madini O. , Hasan Hafnida
Published: December 2021

The dichotomy model of education informatisation is essential, which means the measurement of education informatisation construction and development. Finite element differential equations play an essential role in signal and information teaching. To improve teaching information, the paper applies the dichotomy model of finite element differential equations to the reform of physics education information teaching. This article fully introduces the basic principles of the dichotomy model in finite element differential equations and introduces several analysis methods of the inverse Laplace transform of differential equations. At last, the method is applied to the informatisation of physics education to improve the quality of teaching.
Collaboration Perspectives Developing Sustainable Agriculture: The Case of Lithuanian Farmers
Authors: Ramanauskas Julius , Vienažindienė Milita , Rauluškevičienė Jolanta , Žukovskis Jan
Published: December 2021

Sustainable agriculture and active collaboration between farmers are important concepts that have a significant impact on the development of sustainable agriculture, in striving for social and economic development, as well as supporting the reduction of impact to environment. Based on a systematic and comparative analysis, this study highlights the role of collaboration towards developing sustainable agriculture. The overall results imply that more active farmers collaboration requires more active sharing of experience, knowledge and information through meetings or seminars by creating an information portal or platform. These measures could lead to more qualitative communication, more open information sharing, mutual trust and risk reduction, which would ensure the development of sustainable agriculture.
Community Acceptance of Wind Energy: Lessons from a Case Study on a Local Participatory Project in Pays Des Mauges (West France)
Authors: Pierre Geneviève , Mazaud Caroline
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the community acceptance of wind parks in a rural territory in western France, in a country where they are not much developed yet. We hypothetise that their set-up stems from a specific pattern, embedded in the territorial rural context of the case study. Semi-structured interviews with 30 actors aimed to analyse this citizen-led project, in line with their representations of this territory and its sustainable development. Results show that citizen-led investment is not a prerequisite for community acceptance in this case. The sense of a rural place that is fit for technologies kept up to date by the green industry, and the fairness of the process, are the strongest drivers for acceptance of wind energy, in general, in this case. Subsequently, the confidence obtained from previous fundraising actions can foster new participatory wind projects. An early communication with inhabitants, and a construction fit for a rural development that makes sense to the locals can bring an essential sense of trust for energy projects within the community. However, given the different definitions, it seems also critical to assess their true community dimension in order not to jeopardise the sense of fairness if the outcomes are not largely shared.
Barriers to Start and Develop Transformative Ecotourism Business
Authors: Vidickienė Dalia , Gedminaite-Raudone Zivile , Vilke Rita , Chmielinski Pawel , Zobena Aija
Published: December 2021

This article aims to fill the cognitive gap by providing evidence for different barriers hampering the innovative activity in ecotourism which concerns the promotion of the so-called transformative tourism concept. The research is devoted to identifying what are the most important barriers in the two areas: i) policy and regulation; ii) regional economic development. The observed absence of appropriate representative data for defining the state of the art in the field of transformative ecotourism as a new phenomenon is evident; therefore, it is suggested to use an expert survey for barriers identification in the field. The expert survey was done in the four post-socialist Baltic Sea countries/regions: Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and the St. Petersburg region (Russia) in autumn 2020. Research results disclose the existing similarities among barriers in researched regions and highlight the key areas for improvement in policy and regulation and economy-related fields, aiming to create a more favorable environment for promoting transformative ecotourism as prosperous innovation of future tourism.
Rural Experiments with the Management of Basic Resources. Key Characteristics of European Ecovillages Aiming at Partial Self-Sufficiency in Water, Food and Energy
Authors: Skrzypczyński Robert
Published: December 2021

The goal of this paper is to provide a preliminary analysis of European ecovillages considered as rural grassroots experiments with the sustainable management of the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. The article presents empirical data on the management of basic resources in 60 European ecovillages collected with an online survey in 2020. The results show that a vast majority of ecovillages pursue some self-sufficiency in food, water or energy, and that 50% of them seek some self-sufficiency in all three of these resources. However, ecovillages do not try to be completely self-sufficient but rather aim at achieving feasible levels of self-sufficiency complemented with local and regional cooperation. While the role of ecovillages in driving conventional rural growth is limited, they can help in guiding sustainability transitions by illustrating opportunities and difficulties of reducing resource consumption of settlement units without reducing personal and communal well-being.
Residential Aspirations and Perception of Rural Youth of the Opportunities Offered By their Environment: the Case of a Spanish Inland Rural Area
Authors: González José Javier Callejo , Herrero Jesús Antonio Ruiz , Aboitiz Ricardo Jiménez
Published: December 2021

This study explores aspects which influence whether young people decide to remain in a rural area or move away. Based on a qualitative analysis of 41 open-ended interviews with young people from a rural area of inland Spain, it especially examines the perception they hold of the opportunities provided by their rural environment for labour market integration. The results show that: 1) agriculture, the economic base of the area, is not perceived as a means of social and labour market integration; 2) a high degree of mobility between the village and the city is a necessary condition for young people to remain in a rural area; 3) promoting the natural and cultural resources of an area strengthens the feeling of belonging and identity.
Successful Management of Settlements to Boost Rural Development
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Káposzta József
Published: December 2021

The paper summarizes and provides and overview on the economic and social processes influencing and supporting the successful management of settlements, focusing on Hungary. The role of leadership and settlement management is inevitable in the everyday operation as well as in the definition and realization of development concepts and strategies. The basis of stable operation and development is the financial independency and stability, thus we need to call the attention on the importance of economic development functions of settlements as well as on the important role of mayors and leaders in the economic and spatial development. The approaches, the ideas as well as the way how the leaders think are all determining factors in development. Nowadays, settlement development and regional economic development raise such key issues that are also the main research questions in our paper, like „What does a good municipality/a good settlement look like? How can ‘good’ be described?” What are the main characteristics of a suitable leader in the case of settlements? It is known that there are no targeted trainings, courses for mayors/heads of municipalities to prepare them to be good leaders, there are no nationally or internationally acknowledged skills, competences that could be applied to select the most suitable leaders for the positions. Therefore, we believe that we must call the attention to this shortage and motivate the experts in public administration, the researchers and scientists, as well as trainers and coaches to cooperate and work on the solution. In this paper, through the dimension of leadership/management, we intend to discover the characteristics of successful community leaders and to focus on the importance of the activities of ‘local heroes’, who prove to have strong commitment to the development of settlements.
Experimental and finite element analysis of slope stability treated by lime milk (case of El Amir Abdelkader embankment)
Authors: Belabbaci Zeyneb , Berrabah Amina Tahar , Bouri Djamel Eddine
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an experimental stabilization approach of the landslide that threatens a slope located near the city of El Amir Abdelkader, Ain Temouchent, Algeria. Stabilization is assured by the addition of lime milk, and then a numerical validation of the results with respect to the safety coefficient before and after treatment was performed by “Plaxis” software. Experimental results show that the stabilization by lime milk improves compaction parameters, swelling and shear strength, particularly the cohesion and friction angle, the latter permitting appreciation of the sliding surface on which it is necessary to base the calculation of the safety coefficient before and after treatment. Numerical results indicate that the factor of safety increases with the improvement of the mechanical characteristics c and ϕ, which are improved by increasing lime milk percentage. The numerical validation using “Plaxis” finite element code gives results that are in perfect agreement with the experimental ones, indicating that this software is a good tool for slope stability study.
Management of Chemical Terrorism and Chemical Disasters
Authors: Balachandar Kannan Gajendran
Published: December 2021

Though the possibility of terrorist groups obtaining chemical weapons and inflicting mass destruction is relatively low, the relevance of chemical agents remains high since the use of such chemical agents in causing potentially dangerous consequences remains very high. Sporadic chemical attacks and chemical disasters happen all over the world, and they cause long-lasting damages. Easy accessibility to various toxic industrial chemicals and the relatively simple know-how needed to synthesize chemical agents pose a serious threat. However, technological developments and the easy availability of information have empowered the security forces and law enforcement agencies to formulate a responsive mechanism to mitigate the ill effects of chemical disasters. Though the international and national agencies strive hard to ward off the debilitating effects of chemical agents and disasters, such efforts' capability to address the potential risks remains doubtful. This review describes the characteristics and classification of chemical agents and toxic industrial chemicals, their physicochemical properties, detection, decontamination, and response by the security agencies and first responders in addressing the threat to humanity in the form of chemical terrorism and chemical disasters.
Missed Opportunities in the Early Response to COVID-19 in Aceh Province: January to May 2020
Authors: Sufri Sofyan , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Munazar Munazar , Mardhiah Ainal , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Bakri Saiful , Jannah Misbahul , Dwirahmadi Febi , Rutherford Shannon
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had catastrophic health and economic impacts worldwide. As of 20 September 2020, Indonesia ranked the third highest of fatalities due to COVID-19 infection in Asia and the second highest of confirmed cases in Southeast Asia.  Aceh, a province in the westernmost of the country, has also been impacted by the virus infections.This study aims to investigate the current Central and Aceh provincial government-led responses to COVID-19 pandemic from January to May 2020. It utilises existing regulations, official reports and relevant websites in order to assess and analyse the responses. The findings identify delayed early responses taken by Central and Aceh governments to stop and prevent the virus transmission; the absence of lockdown implementation (border restrictions at entry points such as borderland areas, seaports and airports); premature introduction of the new normal era; the absence of checkpoints and village alert teams throughout 23 districts; and inadequate enforcement of the established regulations to halt the spread of the virus in the province.Various recommendations are provided to enhance the current responses to COVID-19 in the province in order to reduce the pandemic risk to the community going forward, and strengthen the pandemic preparedness and response system.
An Investigation into Emergency Planning Requirements and Challenges of Disaster Management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrehaili Naif Rashed
Published: December 2021

Every year, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is exposed to different natural hazards. However, flash floods have been the most common hazard during the previous few decades. Between 2000 and 2020, over 1,000 people lost their lives from flash floods, resulting in an economic loss amounting to billions of US dollars. By focusing on flash floods, a systematic review of the extracted data was conducted. They were analyzed based on the suitability of their content and data for emergency planning requirements and disaster management challenges in the KSA. A total of 104 articles, papers, and plans were reviewed, of which only 18 complete papers met the inclusion criteria, including one plan and the General Directorate of Civil Defense (GDCD) website. The author has concluded that: 1) the essential requirements for emergency planning in the KSA include: conducting studies that show potential natural hazards, their locations, and their implications, and taking appropriate measures that reduce the possible causes of natural hazards; 2) The challenges facing the disaster management in the KSA are: lack of policies; the ambiguity of legislation and plans; poor coordination between stakeholders; lack of databases. This is the first investigation into emergency planning requirements and challenges of disaster management in the KSA. Furthermore, a scientific consensus predicts an increase in the frequency and magnitude of flash floods in the KSA. Therefore, the gaps need to be addressed in order to reduce the impact on inhabitants and infrastructure.
Lightning Climatology and Human Vulnerability to Lightning Hazards in a School Community: A Case Study in Sri Lanka using LIS Data from TRMM Satellite
Authors: Maduranga U. G. D. , Edirisinghe Mahesh
Published: December 2021

This study reported lightning climatology and human vulnerability to lightning in a 20 km × 20 km high-density school area in Colombo city in Sri Lanka from 1998 to 2014 using Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash data of NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). An average annual flash density recorded over the study area was 9.43 flashes km-2 year-1. A maximum of 49% lightning flashes happened during the first inter-monsoon season. There were only 4% lightning flashes that occurred during 06.00-12.00 LT and during 18.00-24.00 LT, it was 67%, whereas 94% of lightning flashes within a day had occurred after 14.00 LT. It is recommended that, without having proper lightning hazard preventive measures, schools in the study area should avoid or minimalize scheduling their outdoor activities in high lightning risk months of April and November. Especially, after-school outdoor activities should be planned with proper safety measures during the aforementioned months as per the diurnal analysis. Moreover, May to September and December to February were the months with the least lightning risk levels. It is recommended to follow the proposed five-level lightning safety guideline which includes, schedule outdoor activities by considering the variation of lightning activities, follow the 30-30 rule whenever required, avoid staying at the most hazardous locations which are vulnerable to lightning accidents, crouching action if required and providing first-aid whenever necessary. Not only for the Sri Lankan context but also the study is crucial and highly applicable for all schools and other institutes especially in other tropical countries.
Smart Folding and Floating Shelter Design for Disaster Mitigation with Natural Ventilation and UVC System
Authors: Alfian Ndaru Nuridho , Kartikasari Damara , Widodo Nur Setyo Adi , Suroso Dwi Joko
Published: December 2021

The global COVID-19 outbreak has hit the world in the last two years. Indonesia itself recorded positive cases of COVID-19 of approximately 4 million cases as of September 15, 2021. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of natural disasters in Indonesia, which is relatively high every year, requires our collective attention. In early 2021, there have been several natural disasters, including floods in South Kalimantan, earthquakes in West Sulawesi, and others. If the impact of the natural disaster makes residents must do the evacuation, a proper shelter (evacuee camp) and prioritizes health protocols are needed. Therefore, this study discusses the design innovation of disaster response shelters in the form of smart folding and floating shelters designed for a shelter with a capacity of one family (4-5 people). This capacity limitation is to maintain health protocols and suppress the transmission of the Coronavirus in evacuation areas. Our designed shelter prepared in a compact form to facilitate evacuation mobility and can be implemented in all types of disasters with a folding and floating structure system (the shelter can float and be folded). The material used is light steel as the main structure and cork wall as a material that allows the shelter to float. We designed natural ventilation to regulate air circulation, integrated with an ultraviolet C (UVC) lamp. The UVC lamp is intended as a disinfectant against the Coronavirus. Thus, the application of natural ventilation and disinfection using UVC can provide a cleaner air supply. This air supply and circulation are shown in our simulation results using ANSYS Fluent. These results show that smart folding and floating shelter designs can be used for disaster mitigation.
Geminated impacted third molar with supernumerary tooth: a case report
Authors: Krsoum Majid , Nourwali Ibrahim , Dad Omar
Published: December 2021

Background: Double tooth is considered as a rare dental anomaly. However, double tooth and supernumerary teeth are the second most common anomalies. The term double tooth represents either gemination or fusion. Gemination can either be unilateral or bilateral. The prevalence of unilateral gemination is 0.5% in deciduous dentition and 0.1% in permanent dentition. In contrast, the prevalence of bilateral gemination is 0.02% in both permanent and deciduous dentition, making it an extremely rare anomaly.
Case Presentation: This paper reports a case of a 22-year-old man presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic at Dental College and Hospital of Taibah University with a complaint of pain related to impacted tooth #28 according to the FDI two-digit tooth numbering system. Ortho-panto-graph showed that the tooth is totally covered by bone and is impacted with gemination and extra supernumerary tooth.
Conclusion: Proper diagnosis should be achieved through clinical and radiographical examination to avoid any complications. Different treatment modalities, including conservative, endodontics, prosthodontics, periodontics, or even orthodontic treatment, can be applied to treat gemination. Moreover, supernumerary teeth are similar to geminated teeth and can be diagnosed through clinical and radiographic examinations to avoid complications. Such cases cannot be detected through a routine dental examination unless the patient feels pain related to the area. Hence, proper investigations should be performed to avoid any further complications.
CAN MACROSOMIC FETUSES BE DELIVERED AT 38 WEEKS OF GESTATION?
Authors: BULUT Ayça Nazlı , CEYHAN Venhar , DEMİR Mustafa Bertan , AK Mehmet , AYDIN Emine , DOLANBAY Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Objective: Numerous articles have been written on macrosomic fetuses, including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletin. However, there is no clear consensus about the time of birth. The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of women giving birth at 38+0-38+6 weeks and those with deliveries at ≥39 weeks in pregnancies complicated by fetal macrosomia, and to determine the effect on morbidity and mortality of delivery in the 38th gestational week.Material and Methods: Data of women and their infants born in Kayseri Training and Research Hospital between 01 May 2018 and 31 March 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients included were those with a singleton pregnancy delivered at ≥38 weeks with a birthweight of ≥4000 gr. Demographic data and medical history and birth outcomes of the patients were recorded from the hospital data system. Multiple pregnancies, those with fetal anomalies and births <38 weeks were excluded from the study. The patients were separated into two groups as those who gave birth at 38+0-38+6 gestational weeks (Group 1) and those who gave birth at ≥39 weeks (Group 2).Results: Maternal and/or fetal trauma was found to be statistically significantly higher in nulliparous women with vaginal delivery ≥39 weeks compared to those with vaginal delivery at 38+0-38+6 weeks (p=0.017). No significant difference was observed between the groups in respect of fetal morbidity and mortality.Conclusion: When fetal macrosomia is determined antenatally, rates of fetal and/or maternal trauma can be reduced with delivery planned for the 38th week without increasing fetal morbidity and mortality.
ARTERİYEL PSÖDOANEVRİZMALARIN ULTRASONOGRAFİ KILAVUZLUĞUNDA TROMBİN ENJEKSİYONU İLE TEDAVİSİ
Authors: HARMAN Ali , KESİM Çağrı , ÖZEN Özgür
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile amacımız, anjiyografik tetkik ve tedaviler sonrasında, artere giriş yerini kapatma işleminin başarısız olması sebebiyle ortaya çıkan iyatrojenik arteriyel psödoanevrizmaların, ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda, trombin enjeksiyonu ile tedavisi hakkındaki tecrübelerimizi paylaşmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Periferik anjiyografi, koroner anjiyografi ve diyaliz sonrası aksiller, brakial ve femoral arterlerinde psödoanevrizma meydana gelen 59 kadın, 59 erkek olmak üzere toplam 118 hastadaki 121 psödoanevrizmaya 131 enjeksiyon yapıldı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 63.11±15.8 olup en küçük hasta 3, en büyüğü ise 94 asyndeta. Yüz otuz bir seansta yapılan trombin enjeksiyonu ile ilgili bulgular, psödoanevrizma büyüklüğü, tam oklüzyon için gereken trombin miktarı ve tedavi sonrası nüks gelişimi retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çapları 2 cm -10 cm arasındaki 121 psödoanevrizmaya 0.2-2 cc arasında trombin enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Takip esnasında nüks izlenen 10 hastanın 2 tanesinde anevrizma periferik anjiyografi, 8 tanesinde ise koroner anjiyografi işlemlerinden sonra meydana gelmişti. Nüks meydana gelen psödoanevrizmaların en büyüğü 50x45 mm, en küçüğü 20x17 mm boyutlarındaydı. Nüks meydana gelen anevrizmalardan 3 tanesi, işlem sonrası anjiyoseal ile hemostaz sağlanan hastalardı. İşlem sonrası başarı oranı %100 olup major komplikasyon izlenmedi.Sonuç: İyatrojenik psödoanevrizmaların tedavisinde uygulanan ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda trombin enjeksiyonu tedavisi, psödoanevrizmaya bası ve cerrahi tedavi seçeneklerine göre, daha hızlı, güvenli, konforlu ve başarılı bir metod olup kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır.
İKİ FARKLI YOĞUN BAKIMDA KANDİDEMİ RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KOCABAŞ Dilek , AYDIN Nurten Nur , AKSOY Firdevs , ÖZKAYA Esra , YILMAZ Gürdal , KÖKSAL İftihar
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi ve Nöroloji-Nöroşirürji Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde kandidemi ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin değişkenlik gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2014-Kasım 2019 tarihleri arasında Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi’nde kandidemi tanısı alan 110 erişkin hasta dâhil edildi. Hastalara ait demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar özellikleri; hasta dosyaları, enfeksiyon kontrol komite verileri ve enfeksiyon hastalıkları ve klinik mikrobiyoloji konsültasyon formlarından elde edildi. T-testi ve Ki-kare testiyle veriler değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 62.5±19.5 /yıl idi. Hastaların %52.7 (n=58)’si erkek, %47.3 (n=52)’ü kadındı. Etkenlerin %47.3 (n=52)’ü Candida albicans, %52.7 (n=58)’si non-albicans Candida spp. idi. Yoğun bakım üniteleri arasında steroid kullanımı (p=0.001), total parenteral nütrisyon kullanımı (p=0.021) ve hemodiyaliz (p=0.005) açısından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık vardı. Çalışmamızdaki kandidemi hastalarında genel mortalite oranı %59.1 (65/110)’di. C. albicans'ın etken olduğu hastalarda mortalite %63.5 (33/52), non-albicans Candida spp.’de %55.2 (32/58) olarak tespit edildi.Sonuç: Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde kandidemi için risk faktörleri etkenlere ve ünitelere göre değişkenlik gösterebilmekte ve yüksek mortalite ve morbiditeye neden olabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda total paranteral nutrisyon kullanımı, steroid kullanımı, hemodiyaliz, santral venöz kateter ve cerrahi girişim önemli risk faktörleri olarak belirlendi.
COVID-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HASTANE ÖNCESİ ACİL SAĞLIK PERSONELLERİNDE ENFEKSİYON KONTROL ÖNLEMLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Hasan , ŞAHİN KAVAKLI Havva , DOĞAN Yasin
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetlerinde enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin amacı bu aşamada yapılan hasta müdahale ve transferi sırasında, olası enfeksiyon risklerini ve buna karşı alınması gereken önlemleri belirlemek; böylece mesleki olarak karşılaşılabilecek enfeksiyon risklerine karşı hasta ve çalışan güvenliğini sağlamaktır. Yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışma ile Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde Ankara ilinde hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetlerinde enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerini inceleyerek farkındalık oluşturmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Çalışma hastane öncesi acil hizmetlerinde çalışan 110 doktor, hemşire ve diğer yardımcı sağlık personeli üstünde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Covid-19 öncesi ve sonrası dönemde hastane öncesi sağlık hizmetlerinde korunma ve kontrol önlemlerine uyum değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde McNemar testi, Wilcoxon testi kullanılmıştır. p<0.05 değeri önemli olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarının yaklaşık %70’i Covid-19 enfeksiyon hastalıkları bulaşma yolları, standart ve hastalığa spesifik korunma yolları hakkında eğitime katıldığını; %82’si eğitimin fayda sağladığını; %56’sı sıklığının yeterli olduğunu söyledi. Covid-19 tanısı alan çalışanlar bulaş için en önemli üç nedenin; yoğunluk, yorgunluk ve ekipmana ulaşmada zorluk olduğunu beyan ettiler. Covid-19 pandemisi sonrasında sağlık çalışanlarının el hijyeni, kişisel koruyucu ekipman kullanma ve enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine dikkat etmesinde anlamlı bir artış olduğu; hasta transferi sonrasında ambulans temizliği için verilen sürenin yetersizliğinde ise artma olduğu dikkat çekmektedir.Sonuç: Hastane öncesi acil sağlık hizmetlerinde enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin iyileştirilmesi enfeksiyonun bulaşmasını sınırlandırarak hem çalışanların sağlığı hem de genel toplum sağlığı açısından bu hastalıkla daha başarılı bir mücadele yürütülmesini sağlayacaktır.
RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF AMMONIA LEVELS ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY APPLYING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: GÜNGÖR İremgül , ERDEM Ahmet Burak
Published: December 2021

Objective: Hepatic encephalopathy is a cognitive, motor and behavioral disorder caused by the accumulation of liver metabolism products accompanying hepatic failure. The clinical picture of hepatic encephalopathy appears with the accumulation of metabolites such as ammonia and gamma aminobutyric acid. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of blood ammonia levels on mortality in patients diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy.Material and Methods: The records of patients who were admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with impaired consciousness, known chronic liver disease, and whose ammonia levels were studied between January 01 2015 and December 31 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Liver function tests and coagulation tests of the patients were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups as with and without hepatic encephalopathy. The groups were divided into stages according to the West Haven classification. Liver function tests and coagulation tests of the two groups were compared according to ammonia level, disease stage and mortality.Results: Four hundred and thirty-five of 883 patients whose ammonia levels were studied between 2015-2018 were included in the study. The age of the patients included in the study ranged from 18 to 95 years. One hundred and forty -four of them were female. When the relation of ammonia value with mortality was examined, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.620). There was a statistically significant increase in the liver function test values and coagulation test values in the patients with hepatic encephalopathy who died.Conclusion: While there is no correlation between ammonia level and mortality in hepatic encephalopathy patients, it is important in terms of mortality in chronic liver diseases.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SYMPTOMATIC GALLSTONE DISEASE
Authors: ŞENGÜL Serkan , ÇALIŞ Hasan , GÜLER Yilmaz , KARABULUT Zülfikar
Published: December 2021

Objective: After the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, many centers made alterations in their routine surgical treatments. In this study, we aimed to compare patients who underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.Material and Methods: Two groups were formed in this study; the pandemic group consisting of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease who underwent surgery between March 11 2020 and January 31 2020, and the pre-pandemic group consisting of patients who were operated in the same period of 2019. These two groups were compared in terms of demographic data, conversion rates and histopathology results.Results: A total of 293 patients were included in the study. Two hundred and seven patients took part in the pre-pandemic period and 86 in the pandemic period. The rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy was 2.8% (n=6) in the pre-pandemic group and 6.9% (n=6) in the pandemic group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of conversion rates (p=0.10). The gallbladder wall thickness was significantly higher in the pandemic group compared to the pre-pandemic group (3.2±1.7 mm vs. 2.7±1.4 mm, p=0.009). In the pandemic group, postoperative pathology was reported as subacute cholecystitis in 19.8% (n=17) of patients. In the pre-pandemic group, this rate was 11.1% (n=23) (p=0.04).Conclusion: Possible delays in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones during the pandemic period may lead to an increase in factors that may result in conversion to open surgery. However, further studies with large sample size are needed to elucidate this issue.