bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of spanning external fixation on entrapped structures in tibial pilon fractures
Authors: Thomas Sean , Huang Brady K. , Korrapati Avinaash , O’Leary Brendan , Gurusamy Pradyumna , O’Leary Ryan , Kent William T.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Pilon fractures are often complex injuries involving severe soft tissue injury. Studies have shown pilon fractures may entrap soft tissue structures between fracture fragments. Staged fixation of pilon fractures with spanning external fixation (SEF) is important for soft tissue rest and plays an important role in the management of these injuries. While SEF has been shown to promote soft tissue rest prior to definitive fixation, no studies have shown the effect SEF has on entrapped structures (ES). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how SEF effects ES in pilon fractures.

Methods

A retrospective review of 212 pilon fractures treated at our institution between 2010 and 2022 was performed. Patients with a CT scan pre-SEF and post-SEF met inclusion criteria. CTs were reviewed to characterize ES in pre- and post-SEF imaging.

Results

Of the 19 patients with ES identified on CT pre-SEF, seven (36.8%) had full release of ES post-SEF and 12 (63.2%) had no release of ES. The posterior tibial tendon was the most commonly ES and remained entrapped in 62.5% of cases. Only 25% of 43-C3 fractures had release of ES post-SEF, while 100% of 43-C1 and 43-C2 fractures demonstrated complete release of ES post-SEF.

Conclusion

Entrapped structures in pilon fractures are likely to remain entrapped post-SEF, with only one-third of our cohort demonstrating release. In 43-C3 patterns, if ES are identified on CT pre-SEF, surgeons should consider addressing these either through mini open versus open approaches at the time of SEF as they are likely to remain entrapped post-SEF.
Performance Evaluation of AE Sensors Installed Like Hydrophones in Adaptive Monitoring Networks During a Decametre-Scale Hydraulic Stimulation Experiment
Authors: Boese Carolin M. , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Plenkers Katrin , Fischer Thomas , Dresen Georg
Published: July 2023

In the framework of the STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X hydraulic stimulation experiments at the Reiche Zeche mine, Freiberg (Germany), we installed acoustic emission (AE) sensors for the recording of picoseismicity both conventionally using pneumatic coupling and experimentally like a hydrophone, i.e. the sensors were placed in the borehole without a further coupling system or cementing. We investigate performance measures of the hydrophone-like acoustic emission (HAE) sensors such as frequency bandwidth, sensitivity, first motion polarity, coupling and placement quality to assess the sensor’s applicability in adaptive monitoring networks. HAE sensors can be paired with hydraulic equipment, especially with the double packer probe used for stimulation at the decametre scale because the monitored frequency content differs from injection-related noise. This offers a unique opportunity to improve the network geometry and consequently the quality of a seismic catalogue. We analyse the sensor characteristics using active ultrasonic transmission measurements from boreholes with different orientations in the rock volume, noise measurements preceding active centre punch hits in the access galleries and passive recordings of induced acoustic emission events. HAE sensors placed in water-filled boreholes show good sensitivity performance even without optimal coupling to the crystalline rock for recording distances up to 17 m. The HAE sensors record the wavefield adequately for first-arrival identification, polarity picking and amplitude characteristics but are less suitable for detecting S-waves. Due to the borehole geometry HAE sensors record waves with incidence angles from the side, resulting in opposite polarity compared to side-view AE sensors as observed in the field and lab. We discuss the advantages of adaptive monitoring networks with HAE sensors being optimally placed for each stimulation interval configuration anew to improve seismic event detection and quality of event hypocentre locations during hydraulic stimulations. We show that we are able to significantly reduce the azimuthal gap, halve the location uncertainties and improve the network coverage for the purpose of focal mechanism estimations.
The role of prior knowledge and need for cognition for the effectiveness of interleaved and blocked practice
Authors: Nemeth Lea , Lipowsky Frank
Published: July 2023

Interleaved practice combined with comparison prompts can better foster students’ adaptive use of subtraction strategies compared to blocked practice. It has not been previously investigated whether all students benefit equally from these teaching approaches. While interleaving subtraction tasks prompts students’ attention to the different task characteristics triggering the use of specific subtraction strategies, blocked practice does not support students in detecting these differences. Thus, low-prior-knowledge students would benefit from interleaving rather than blocking as it guides them through the learning-relevant comparison processes. Because these comparison processes are cognitively demanding, students’ need for cognition (NFC) could influence the effectiveness of interleaved practice. The present study investigates the role of students’ prior knowledge and NFC for the effectiveness of interleaved and blocked practice. To this end, 236 German third-graders were randomly assigned to either an interleaved or blocked condition. Over 14 lessons, both groups were taught to use four number-based strategies and the written algorithm for solving subtraction problems. The interleaved learners were prompted to compare the strategies, while the blocked learners compared the adaptivity of one strategy for different mathematical tasks. A quadratic growth curve model showed that prior knowledge had a positive influence on students’ development of adaptivity in the blocked but not in the interleaved condition. Students’ NFC had a positive impact in the interleaved condition, while it had no influence in the blocked condition. However, the effects of prior knowledge and NFC did not differ significantly between the two conditions.
Effectiveness of continuous chelation irrigation protocol in endodontics: a scoping review of laboratory studies
Authors: La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Plotino Gianluca , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Pedullà Eugenio
Published: July 2023

This scoping review aimed to synthesize and explore the current boundaries and limitations of laboratory research on the effectiveness of continuous chelation irrigation protocol in endodontics. This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. Literature search was conducted on Pubmed and Scopus to identify all laboratory studies evaluating smear layer and hard-tissue debris removal or, antimicrobial efficacy, or dentine erosion induced by continuous chelation. Two independent reviewers performed the all review steps and the relevant items were recorded. Seventy-seven potentially relevant studies were identified. Finally, 23 laboratory studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Seven studies focused on the smear layer/debris removal outcome, 10 on antimicrobial activity, and 10 on dentine erosion. In general, the continuous chelation protocol was equally or more effective in the cleanliness of root canals and antimicrobial activity compared with traditional sequential protocol. In addition, etidronate solutions seemed to be milder chelating agents compared to those with EDTA, thus resulting in reduced or no dentine erosion and roughness modification. Yet, the methodological differences among the included studies limit the results’ generalizability. The continuous chelation seems to be equally or more effective in all investigated outcomes when compared with the traditional sequential protocol. The methodological variability among the studies and shortcomings in the methods employed limit the generalizability and clinical relevance of the results. Standardized laboratory conditions combined with reliable three-dimensional investigation approaches are necessary to obtain clinically informative findings.
Pronounced daily heterothermy in the White-throated Treecreeper Cormobates leucophaea
Authors: Aharon-Rotman Yaara , McEvoy John F. , Beckmann Christa , Geiser Fritz
Published: July 2023

Torpor, a controlled reduction in metabolism and body temperature, reduces energy expenditure substantially. However, torpor expression in wild passerines is currently understudied. We show that skin temperature (Ts) of resting White-throated Treecreepers (N = 4) fell by ~ 5 °C on average in both summer and winter, independent of ambient temperature, but we could not confirm torpor use (Ts reduction > 5 °C). It is possible that roosting in tree hollows provides sufficient insulation to minimise energy loss, or torpor is used only during extreme conditions. Further studies are needed to characterise the physiological flexibilities of species and, therefore, their capability to cope with changing environmental conditions.
The Triple P System of Evidence-Based Parenting Support: Past, Present, and Future Directions
Authors: Sanders Matthew R.
Published: July 2023

Triple P is an integrated, multi-level system of evidence-based parenting support designed to promote the well-being of children and families to reduce prevalence rates of social, emotional, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents and to prevent child maltreatment. The system developed gradually over four decades to address the complex needs of parents and children from diverse family, socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. It blends universal and targeted programs, a focus on developing parental self-regulation capabilities, and adopts a life span perspective with a population health framework. The Triple P system is used as a case example to discuss the past, present and future challenges, and opportunities involved in developing, evaluating, adapting, scaling and maintaining a sustainable system of evidence-based parenting intervention. Seven stages of program development are outlined from initial theory building and development of the core parenting program through to the sustained deployment of the intervention system delivered at scale. The importance of ongoing research and evaluation is highlighted so that different programs within the system evolve and adapt to address the contemporary concerns and priorities of families in diverse cultural contexts. A well-trained workforce is essential to deliver evidence-based programs, in a need-responsive manner that blends both fidelity of delivery and flexibility and is tailored to respond to the needs of individual families and local context. Programs need to be gender-sensitive, culturally informed, and attuned to the local context including relevant policies, resources, cultural factors, funding, workforce availability and their capacity to implement programs.
The Role of MicroRNA in Migraine: A Systemic Literature Review
Authors: Grodzka Olga , Słyk Stanisław , Domitrz Izabela
Published: July 2023

Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, affecting about 14% of the population. Importantly, it was indicated as the second cause of disability globally and the leading cause among young women. Despite the widespread prevalence, migraine remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The possible solution may be microRNAs—small, non-coding molecules. Until now, multiple studies have shown the great value of microRNA in both the diagnosis and treatment of different human diseases. Furthermore, a significant role in neurological disorders has been suggested. Little research regarding the utility of microRNA in migraine has been conducted, however, the results so far appear to be promising. We performed an electronic article search through PubMed and Embase Database to further explore the topic. After the analysis, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we included 21 studies. The dysregulation was observed in migraine in general, as well as in different types and phases; thus, miRNAs emerge as promising diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, some studies showed the influence of the intervention with miRNA levels on neuroinflammation and the expression of peptides, which are crucial in migraine pathogenesis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in migraine and encourage to further research in this field.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.I checked and confirm. 

Graphical Abstract
The Role of Scientific Language Use and Achievement Level in Student Sensemaking
Authors: Hamnell-Pamment Ylva
Published: July 2023

Many science students struggle with using scientific language and making sense of scientific phenomena. Thus, there is an increased interest in science education research and public policy with regard to understanding and promoting scientific language use and sensemaking in science classrooms. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on how upper-secondary school students of different achievement and language levels use scientific language to make sense of phenomena. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between achievement level, scientific language use, and sensemaking in chemistry for students being set a sensemaking task while constructing concept maps on the topic of chemical equilibrium. The concept maps were collected from five different upper-secondary schools in Sweden from two school systems (Swedish and International Baccalaureate). Using content analysis, these concept maps were examined for scientific language use as well as structuring of sensemaking. A majority of the students had difficulty structuring sensemaking in their concept maps, independently of achievement level. These difficulties included unstructured reasoning, symbolic representations being used as explanations, surface-level learning, and linear reasoning connected to rote learning. There appeared to be a connection between learning context and student individual structuring of sensemaking as expressed in the concept maps. The results also showed a clear relationship between scientific language use and achievement level in the student sample. The results indicate that the structuring of sensemaking and scientific language use are not always connected processes. In conclusion, teachers may need to adopt a teaching practice that includes directed and differentiated support for scientific sensemaking.
Do Wild, Male, Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra) Respond to the Screams of Infants Involved in Agonistic Interactions?
Authors: Kerhoas Daphne , Kulik Lars , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Engelhardt Antje , Widdig Anja
Published: July 2023

Males may increase their fitness by providing care to offspring or to unrelated infants of female “friends” to maximise future mating. The potential for paternal care depends on paternity certainty, particularly in multi-male, multi-female groups with polygynandrous mating. In crested macaques (Macaca nigra), there seems to be high potential for paternity certainty and need for paternal protection. However, male-mother affiliation (or “friendships”), not paternity, predicts male-infant affiliation, questioning whether males can identify their offspring reliably. Using a Bayesian approach, we investigated male responses to infant screams (N = 2,637) emitted during agonistic interactions with males being the friend of the infant, the friend of the infants’ mother, and/or the father of the infant. Overall, male responses to infant screams were low. Bayesian estimates showed considerable uncertainty; hence, results should be interpreted cautiously. However, males were slightly more likely to react if the infant or its mother was a friend of the male or if the infant was his offspring. Additionally, higher-ranking males were slightly more likely to respond than lower-ranking ones, and screams from infants of lower-ranking females were more likely to be responded to. This might indicate that males assess paternity based on their rank and that they assess the need to intervene. Given the limitations of our study and the uncertainty surrounding our results, future studies are needed before we can draw solid conclusions for crested macaques. Overall, our results are in line with other studies suggesting that male primates provide care to related and unrelated infants.
Missing Rainfall Daily Data: A Comparison Among Gap-Filling Approaches
Authors: Fagandini Camilla , Todaro Valeria , Tanda Maria Giovanna , Pereira João L. , Azevedo Leonardo , Zanini Andrea
Published: July 2023

Missing data is a frequent problem in meteorological and hydrological temporal observation data sets. Finding effective solutions to this problem is essential because complete time series are required to conduct reliable analyses. This study used daily rainfall data from 60 rain gauges spatially distributed within Portugal's Guadiana River basin over a 30-year reference period (1976–2005). Gap-filling approaches using kriging-based interpolation methods (i.e. ordinary kriging and simple cokriging) are presented and compared to a deterministic approach proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO method). The suggested procedure consists of fitting monthly semi-variogram models using the average daily rainfall from all available meteorological stations for each month in a reference period. This approach makes it possible to use only 12 monthly semi-variograms instead of one for each day of the gap period. Ordinary kriging and simple cokriging are used to estimate the missing daily precipitation using the semi-variograms of the month of interest. The cokriging method is applied considering the elevation data as the secondary variable. One year of data were removed from some stations to assess the efficacy of the proposed approaches, and the missing precipitation data were estimated using the three procedures. The methods were validated through a cross-validation process and compared using different performance metrics. The results showed that the geostatistical methods outperformed the FAO method in daily estimation. In the investigated study area, cokriging did not significantly improve the estimates compared to ordinary kriging, which was deemed the best interpolation method for a large majority of the rainfall stations.
Racing bicycle tyres: experimental indoor evaluation of relaxation length
Authors: Dell’Orto G. , Ballo F. M. , Mastinu G. , Gobbi M. , Magnani G.
Published: July 2023

The paper presents the measurement of the relaxation length of road racing bicycle tyres. In the paper the relaxation length is given as the ratio between cornering stiffness and lateral stiffness of the tyre. Tests were performed with VeTyT, a test-rig specifically designed for measuring the lateral characteristics of bicycle tyres. The results from road racing bicycle tyres of two different brands are discussed. Then, a comparison is presented between of 26 mm and 28 mm wide racing tyres. The tyres were tested both on a flat track and on a drum of 2.6 m diameter. The relaxation length for tests on flat track resulted to be on average 15% higher than the ones on drum, for the same vertical load and inflation pressure. In addition, the large role played by inflation pressure on the relaxation length was discovered. Since the relaxation length may affect the bicycle dynamics, the study provides the first quantitative information for the further development of safer and more performant bicycles.
Reasoning with Concepts: A Unifying Framework
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter , Osta-Vélez Matías
Published: July 2023

Over the past few decades, cognitive science has identified several forms of reasoning that make essential use of conceptual knowledge. Despite significant theoretical and empirical progress, there is still no unified framework for understanding how concepts are used in reasoning. This paper argues that the theory of conceptual spaces is capable of filling this gap. Our strategy is to demonstrate how various inference mechanisms which clearly rely on conceptual information—including similarity, typicality, and diagnosticity-based reasoning—can be modeled using principles derived from conceptual spaces. Our first topic analyzes the role of expectations in inductive reasoning and their relation to the structure of our concepts. We examine the relationship between using generic expressions in natural language and common-sense reasoning as a second topic. We propose that the strength of a generic can be described by distances between properties and prototypes in conceptual spaces. Our third topic is category-based induction. We demonstrate that the theory of conceptual spaces can serve as a comprehensive model for this type of reasoning. The final topic is analogy. We review some proposals in this area, present a taxonomy of analogical relations, and show how to model them in terms of distances in conceptual spaces. We also briefly discuss the implications of the model for reasoning with concepts in artificial systems.
DF-dRVFL: A novel deep feature based classifier for breast mass classification
Authors: Yu Xiang , Ren Zeyu , Guttery David S. , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: July 2023

Amongst all types of cancer, breast cancer has become one of the most common cancers in the UK threatening millions of people’s health. Early detection of breast cancer plays a key role in timely treatment for morbidity reduction. Compared to biopsy, which takes tissues from the lesion for further analysis, image-based methods are less time-consuming and pain-free though they are hampered by lower accuracy due to high false positivity rates. Nevertheless, mammography has become a standard screening method due to its high efficiency and low cost with promising performance. Breast mass, as the most palpable symptom of breast cancer, has received wide attention from the community. As a result, the past decades have witnessed the speeding development of computer-aided systems that are aimed at providing radiologists with useful tools for breast mass analysis based on mammograms. However, the main issues of these systems include low accuracy and require enough computational power on a large scale of datasets. To solve these issues, we developed a novel breast mass classification system called DF-dRVFL. On the public dataset DDSM with more than 3500 images, our best model based on deep random vector functional link network showed promising results through five-cross validation with an averaged AUC of 0.93 and an average accuracy of $$81.71\%$$

81.71
%

. Compared to sole deep learning based methods, average accuracy has increased by 0.38. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method showed better performance considering the number of images for evaluation and the overall accuracy.
Recent Amendments to the Australian Privacy Act
Authors: Paltiel Minna
Published: July 2023

The recently passed Privacy Legislation Amendment (Enforcement and Other Measures) Act 2022 (Cth) introduced important changes to the Australian Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) which increase penalties for serious and repeated interferences with privacy and strengthen the investigative and enforcement powers of the Information Commissioner. The amendments were made subsequent to a number of high profile data breaches and represent the first set of changes to the Privacy Act following the review of the Act commenced by the Attorney-General in October 2020. The submissions made to the review emphasized the need for more effective enforcement mechanisms to increase individuals’ control over their personal information and as a form of deterrence. This article reviews the recent amendments to the Privacy Act and explains their effect. It comments upon the relevance of the amendments for health and medical data and other data collected in the context of healthcare, and refers to the Attorney-General’s Department’s review of the Privacy Act regarding other proposals relating to enforcement which have not as yet been put into effect in legislation.
COVID, Vulnerability, and the Death of Solidarity: “Who Do We Not Save?”
Authors: Scully J. L.
Published: July 2023

Solidarity between more and less vulnerable groups is fundamental to an effective public health response to a global pandemic. Yet in the case of COVID-19, a focus on deciding who can and who cannot be protected from harm has shaped the pandemic experience and continues to determine the post-pandemic trajectory of life with SARS-CoV-2. In this paper I discuss how this has affected our understanding and acceptance of solidarity.
Discovery and conservation of Monanthotaxis bali (Annonaceae) a new Critically Endangered (possibly extinct) montane forest treelet from Bali Ngemba, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Cheek Martin , Darbyshire Iain , Onana Jean Michel
Published: July 2023

Monanthotaxis bali is the only known, solely montane (occurring solely above 2000 m alt.) species of the genus. It joins M. orophila (Rwanda) and M. discolor (Tanzania), two other species that can also occur above 2000 m alt. Monanthotaxis bali is an addition to the small number (28) of the tree species of the surviving montane forests of the Cameroon Highlands of which only eight other species are endemic. Due to its supra-axillary inflorescences, and petals arranged in one whorl but with the outer petals overlapping the inner petals distally, and rounded flower buds, the new species is placed in Monanthotaxis clade B of Hoekstra. The new species is unusual in having the largest outer petals in clade B, in being a treelet in a predominantly lianescent genus, and in lacking the glaucous underside of the leaf-blades that usually characterises the genus. Monanthotaxis bali takes the number of continental African species of the genus to 80, and makes Cameroon, with 30 species, the most species-diverse country for the genus. Monanthotaxis bali is known only from the Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, a forest remnant under great pressure of degradation and clearance in the Bamenda Highlands of Cameroon. The case for protecting Bali Ngemba for its unique plant biodiversity is made. Monanthotaxis bali may already be extinct due to logging and agricultural activities. Here it is described, illustrated, mapped and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) using the IUCN 2012 criteria.
New small-scale hydromechanical deep-drawing process using die-integrated active high-pressure generation system
Authors: Kimura Shinya , Furushima Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2023

In this study, hydraulic pressure generation and small-scale cylindrical hydromechanical deep-drawing experiments were conducted using a novel die-integrated active high-pressure generation system. The most significant feature is the installation of a hydraulic pressure-generating piston structure inside the die, which enables a high-pressure generation process of 100 MPa or higher inside the die. In addition, by taking advantage of the size effect of a smaller die, a high hydraulic pressure is actively generated using the same equipment as in conventional drawing processes. It was discovered that a piston installed in the die can actively generate a hydraulic pressure of 100 MPa or higher based on the Pascal principle. By downsizing the die, a hydraulic pressure of 100 MPa or higher can be generated using only the power of a small press machine (50 kN). By actively applying high hydraulic pressure counter and radial pressures, small-scale drawability can be significantly improved. Furthermore, the application of the proposed system to single-action presses and progressive dies can enable hydromechanical deep drawing with optimized conditions for each process in a single motion.
Petrographic and geochemical analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age pottery from Arslantepe (Malatya, Turkey): insights into the local organization of the production and extra-regional networks of exchange
Authors: Fragnoli Pamela , Manuelli Federico
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we analyzed Late Bronze and Iron Age pottery assemblages from the site of Arslantepe (Malatya, eastern Turkey) by utilizing a combination of thin-section petrography and X-ray wavelength dispersive fluorescence techniques. Following an introduction to the site and an overview of the archeological and historical evidence, the analysis is presented, and the outcomes discussed in the wider framework of the Syro-Anatolian and eastern Mediterranean regions. The results show elements of both continuity and change over the second millennium and until the beginning of the first millennium BC. On a local level, the use of volcanic-based recipes for the production of painted vessels represents the most striking element of continuity. In contrast, noteworthy elements of changes relate to an increased exploitation of geological deposits south of Arslantepe and the standardization of paste recipes for cooking pots. Remarkable results also pertain to extra-regional exchanges: The Late Bronze Age Red Lustrous Wheel-made Ware found at the site is imported from Cilicia, while the wares of foreign tradition from the Middle Iron Age levels are mostly locally produced.
Meta-learning approach for bacteria classification and identification of informative genes of the Bacillus megaterium: tomato roots tissue interaction
Authors: Rodrigues Vânia , Deusdado Sérgio
Published: July 2023

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are bacteria that colonize the plant roots. These beneficial bacteria have an influence on plant development through multiple mechanisms, such as nutrient availability, alleviating biotic and abiotic stress, and secrete phytohormones. Therefore, their inoculation constitutes a powerful tool towards sustainable agriculture and crop production. To understand plant-PGPRs interaction we present the classification of PGPR using machine learning and meta-learning classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR), meta-SVM and meta-KLR to predict the presence of Bacillus megaterium inoculated in tomato root tissues using publicly available transcriptomic data. The original dataset presents 36 significantly differentially expressed genes. As the meta-KLR achieved near-optimal performance considering all the relevant metrics, this meta learner was afterwards used to identify the informative genes (IGs). The outcomes showed 157 IGs, being present all significantly differentially expressed genes previously identified. Among the IGs, 113 were identified as tomato genes, 5 as Bacillus subtilis proteins, 1 as Escherichia coli protein and 6 were unidentified. Then, a functional enrichment analysis of the tomato IGs showed 175 biological processes, 22 molecular functions and 20 KEGG pathways involved in B. megaterium–tomato interaction. Furthermore, the biological networks study of their Arabidopsis thaliana orthologous genes identified the co-expression, predicted interaction, shared protein domains and co-localization networks.
Pflegeunterstützende Maßnahmen durch robotische Systeme
Authors: Langegger Doris , Gnass Irmela
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund

Die demografisch-epidemiologische Entwicklung stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da der (zukünftige) Pflegebedarf kaum noch durch informelle und professionelle Pflege gedeckt werden kann. Hierdurch gewinnen robotische Systeme in der pflegerischen Versorgung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit und Bedeutung.

Ziel

Den aktuellen Stand von Assistenz- und Logistikrobotern, die sich auf den Einsatz in der Pflegepraxis im deutschsprachigen Raum fokussieren, darzulegen.

Methode

Die Ergebnisse einer vorliegenden Literaturrecherche zu robotischen Systemen, in den Datenbanken CINAHL, PubMed® und Cochrane (2016) mit webbasierter Anschlussrecherche, wurden mit dem Fokus auf den deutschsprachigen Raum ergänzt. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt entlang der Kategorien: Robotername/Akronym, ggf. Projektbezeichnung und -zeitraum, Produktmerkmale, Einsatzbereich, Marktreife und Projektwebsite.

Ergebnisse

Von den neun identifizierten robotischen Systemen haben vier die Marktreife erzielt; drei befinden sich in der Entwicklungsphase, und bei zweien wurde die Entwicklung nicht weiter fortgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Pflege im deutschsprachigen Raum kann eine Unterstützung bzw. Entlastung in der pflegerischen Versorgung durch den Einsatz von wenigen marktreifen Systemen erfahren.
Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene: From Mechanistic Understanding to Catalyst Surface Engineering
Authors: Qu Junpeng , Cao Xianjun , Gao Li , Li Jiayi , Li Lu , Xie Yuhan , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Jinqiang , Wu Minghong , Liu Hao
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising way to convert CO2 to chemicals. The multicarbon (C2+) products, especially ethylene, are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications. However, selectively reducing CO2 to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products. Nonetheless, mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions, as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO2RR. In this review, we first illustrate the key steps for CO2RR to ethylene (e.g., CO2 adsorption/activation, formation of *CO intermediate, C–C coupling step), offering mechanistic understanding of CO2RR conversion to ethylene. Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products (C1 and other C2+ products) are investigated, guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation. Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR-ethylene are further summarized, and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways, engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated. Finally, major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO2RR are proposed for future development and practical applications.
Design Factors of High-Speed Turbo-Electric Distributed Propulsion System
Authors: Eqbal Mithun , Marino Matthew , Fernando Nuwantha , Wild Graham
Published: July 2023

Turbo-electric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) is a promising concept to achieve the operational goals of more electric aircraft. The application of TeDP architecture can achieve the desired weight reduction of an aircraft power system. The use of a superconducting machine is expected to provide the workaround for the weight issue, but its current state of technology has not yet been extensively tested for aircraft applications. Another more practical option is to directly couple the aircraft's propeller system to a high-speed permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine, eliminating the gear part that also contributes to the total weight. A critical part of the design for a high-speed PM machine is choosing the optimum magnet configurations. This study used finite element modelling to analyze the impact of scaling the PM’s critical parameters on the weight and machine speed. A prototype testing of a 2-KW high-speed machine, suitable for a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), was developed and tested. The results confirmed the following critical parameters that should be carefully designed to achieve the optimum output, such as the (a) number of winding turns, (b) stack length, (c) sleeve thickness, and (d) terminal voltage.
Possible connection between solar activity and local seismicity
Authors: Takla Emad M. H. , Samwel Susan W.
Published: July 2023

Recently, much attention has been paid to the relationship between solar and seismic activities toward earthquake (EQ) prediction. Some researchers believe in the existence of a connection between them; however, others completely refuse the existence of such a connection. In this study, the correlation between solar disturbances and occurrence of EQs during two consecutive solar cycles (SCs) 23 & 24 from 1996 to 2019 was investigated to explore such a relationship. The study was performed on both global and local scales. On a global scale, we studied the temporal variations of EQs number and the corresponding solar activity, represented by sunspot number. On the other hand, we selected several seismic zones characterized with high seismic activities and shallow depth EQs. For each zone we examined the day-to-day variations in the number of EQs and explored the space weather “chain of action” from the Sun to Earth in order to examine whether these events have an influence to increase the number of EQs or not. Results showed that, for the whole global seismicity, no clear correlation is found between EQs occurrence and solar activity, while for small active seismic zones, the connection between them is significant. An increase in the number of shallow EQs in the studied seismic zones is observed in association with the variations of examined space weather indices. Thus, the current study suggests a possible connection between solar activity and localized seismic activities. However, the solar-magnetosphere-lithosphere coupling and interaction during solar events need further study and investigation for a better understanding of their EQ triggering effects.
Non-viral approaches for gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Xie Ruosen , Wang Yuyuan , Burger Jacobus C. , Li Dongdong , Zhu Min , Gong Shaoqin
Published: July 2023

The success of brain-targeted gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing hinges on the efficient delivery of biologics bypassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which presents a significant challenge in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. This is particularly the case for nucleic acids and genome editors that are naturally excluded by the BBB and have poor chemical stability in the bloodstream and poor cellular uptake capability, thereby requiring judiciously designed nanovectors administered systemically for intracellular delivery to brain cells such as neurons. To overcome this obstacle, various strategies for bypassing the BBB have been developed in recent years to deliver biologics to the brain via intravenous administration using non-viral vectors. This review summarizes various brain targeting strategies and recent representative reports on brain-targeted non-viral delivery systems that allow gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing via intravenous administration, and highlights ongoing challenges and future perspectives for systemic delivery of biologics to the brain via non-viral vectors.
Ancient Rome and the Modern Italian State
Authors: Sebastiani Alessandro
Published: July 2023

In this book, Alessandro Sebastiani examines how architecture and urbanism can be used to construct national identity. Using Rome as his case study, he explores how the city was transformed to accommodate different political ideologies in the period from 1870 to the end of World War II. After unification, Rome's classical architecture served as a reference point, guiding transformations of the urban fabric that met contemporary needs but also supported the agenda of the newly-formed Italian state. The advent of fascist state in the 1920s ushered in a different order of ideological placemaking. The monuments of ancient Roman were isolated in order to enhance their structural elegance, a scheme that powerfully conveyed political messages in support of Mussolini's regime. Sebastiani's volume offers a new approach to understanding the sophisticated relationships between archeology, urban planning, and politics within the city of Rome. Moreover, it highlights the consequences of suppressing historical evidence from monuments and archaeological sites.
How Bedfordshire Voted, 1685-1735
Authors: Collett-White James
Published: July 2023

This is the first volume of BHRS's series of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century poll books. Poll books tell the story of local people and their link with national history. This book is the first in a series by BHRS containing transcripts of the poll books for the county and borough seats of Bedford, and also includes some election accounts showing candidates' expenditure.

The introductory commentary gives an insight into political influences in Bedfordshire during the seminal period of English history from the Glorious Revolution to the accession of George I. It enables comparisons and political trends to be detected, including allegiances of regions of the county and parishes, the survival of the Tory party, the political allegiance of Anglican clergy and the role of Protestant nonconformists. Major landowners were important in Bedfordshire politics, but not dominant, and local gentry played a crucial role.

The transcriptions list all those who voted in four county and one borough election. The 8,500 names, fully indexed, will give unparalleled information on local landholding and help family historians find ancestors between the 1671 Hearth Tax and the 1841 Census.
Strategies to build a positive and inclusive Antarctic field work environment
Authors: Karplus Marianne S. , Young Tun Jan , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Bassis Jeremy N. , Case Elizabeth H. , Crawford Anna J. , Gold Anne , Henry Leilani , Kingslake Jonathan , Lehrmann Asmara A. , Montaño Patricia A. , Pettit Erin C. , Scambos Ted A. , Sheffield Elizabeth M. , Smith Emma C. , Turrin Margie , Wellner Julia S.
Published: July 2023

To increase inclusivity, diversity, equity and accessibility in Antarctic science, we must build more positive and inclusive Antarctic field work environments. The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) has engaged in efforts to contribute to that goal through a variety of activities since 2018, including creating an open-access ‘Field and Ship Best Practices’ guide, engaging in pre-field season team dynamics meetings, and surveying post-field season reflections and experiences. We report specific actions taken by ITGC and their outcomes. We found that strong and supported early career researchers brought new and important perspectives regarding strategies for transforming culture. We discovered that engaged and involved senior leadership was also critical for expanding participation and securing funding to support efforts. Pre-field discussions involving all field team members were particularly helpful for setting expectations, improving sense of belonging, describing field work best practices, and co-creating a positive work culture.
Inequalities of ice loss: a framework for addressing sociocryospheric change
Authors: Carey Mark , Moulton Holly
Published: July 2023

Cryospheric change occurs in unequal spaces. Societies living near ice are divided by race, class, gender, geography, politics and other factors. Consequently, impacts of ice loss are not shared equally, and everyone experiences cryospheric changes differently. Responsibility for recent ice loss is also driven by a relatively small portion of humanity: those who emit the most greenhouse gases. Additionally, people who study the cryosphere come from institutions and societies where inequality is often systemic, making research on ice and snow a symptom of and contributor to social inequality. To better understand unequal effects of cryospheric change within and across diverse communities, including research communities, this paper focuses on three areas, drawing primarily from glacier-related work: (1) the social context of cryospheric changes; (2) attribution and responsibility for cryospheric changes and (3) imbalances in knowledge about the cryosphere. Addressing these dimensions of ice loss requires transdisciplinary approaches that connect research to societies and link glaciology and other cryospheric sciences with social sciences and humanities. These concepts, cases and suggestions to help address inequalities also reveal that no singular conceptualization of sustainability exists. Different societies, residents and researchers possess distinct understandings of and goals for ‘ice in a sustainable society’.
Linear stability analysis of wake vortices by a spectral method using mapped Legendre functions
Authors: Lee Sangjoon , Marcus Philip S.
Published: July 2023

A spectral method using associated Legendre functions with algebraic mapping is developed for a linear stability analysis of wake vortices. These functions serve as Galerkin basis functions, capturing correct analyticity and boundary conditions for vortices in an unbounded domain. The incompressible Euler or Navier–Stokes equations linearised on a swirling flow are transformed into a standard matrix eigenvalue problem of toroidal and poloidal streamfunctions, solving perturbation velocity eigenmodes with their complex growth rate as eigenvalues. This reduces the problem size for computation and distributes collocation points adjustably clustered around the vortex core. Based on this method, strong swirling$q$vortices with linear perturbation wavenumbers of order unity are examined. Without viscosity, neutrally stable eigenmodes associated with the continuous eigenvalue spectrum having critical-layer singularities are successfully resolved. The inviscid critical-layer eigenmodes numerically tend to appear in pairs, implying their singular degeneracy. With viscosity, the spectra pertaining to physical regularisation of critical layers stretch out toward an area, referring to potential eigenmodes with wavepackets found by Mao & Sherwin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 681, 2011, pp. 1–23). However, the potential eigenmodes exhibit no spatial similarity to the inviscid critical-layer eigenmodes, doubting that they truly represent the viscous remnants of the inviscid critical-layer eigenmodes. Instead, two distinct continuous curves in the numerical spectra are identified for the first time, named the viscous critical-layer spectrum, where the similarity is noticeable. Moreover, the viscous critical-layer eigenmodes are resolved in conformity with the$Re^{-1/3}$scaling law. The onset of the two curves is believed to be caused by viscosity breaking the singular degeneracy.
On wall pressure fluctuations in conical shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction
Authors: Zuo Feng-Yuan , Memmolo Antonio , Pirozzoli Sergio
Published: July 2023

The structure and the frequency spectra of wall pressure fluctuations beneath a planar turbulent boundary layer interacting with a conical shock wave at Mach number

$M_\infty =2.05$

and Reynolds number

$\textit {Re}_\theta \approx 630$

(based on the upstream boundary layer momentum thickness) are examined to elucidate the effects of pressure gradient and flow separation on the characteristics of the wall pressure fluctuations, by exploiting a direct numerical simulation database. Upstream of the interaction, in the zero pressure gradient region, wall pressure statistics compare well with canonical compressible boundary layers in terms of fluctuation intensities and frequency spectra. Across the main interaction zone (APG1), the root-mean-square of wall pressure fluctuations becomes very large (corresponding to approximately 173.3 dB), with maximum increase approximately 12.7 dB from the incoming level. In the second adverse pressure gradient zone (APG2), the root-mean-square of wall pressure fluctuations attains a second peak (corresponding to

$164.7$

dB), with an increase of 8.4 dB from the upstream level. Both the APG1 and APG2 regions feature a substantial fraction of flow reversal events, which are, however, scattered and interspersed with regions of attached flow. The wall pressure power spectral density exhibits a broadband and energetic low-frequency component associated with the global unsteadiness of the separation bubble/conical shock system. Analysis of the two-point correlations and wavenumber/frequency spectra of wall pressure fluctuations further suggests that the typical eddies become more elongated along the spanwise direction, as the flow in the separated region tends to escape the centreline, and the convection velocity is significantly reduced.