bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Branquitude e negrofilia: o consumo do outro na educação para as relações étnico-raciais
Authors: Dos Santos Wellington Oliveira
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio tem por objetivo propor o uso do termo negrofilia em análises sobre a branquitude. A reflexão vale-se do conceito de negrofilia (ARCHER-STRAW, 2000) que consiste em uma compreensão sobre o espaço de privilégio da branquitude que permite ao branco consumir intencionalmente a história, a cultura e o corpo do negro, usando o discurso politicamente correto - sem abrir mão dos seus privilégios. Primeiro é apresentada a origem e o uso do termo, que se situa na França do início do século XX, assim como esse pode ser inserido nos estudos sobre a branquitude. Na segunda parte deste ensaio, é apresentado um estudo de caso que ilustra de que forma a negrofilia está presente no sistema educacional de ensino e de formação de professores brasileiros, ainda que haja formação direcionada para a educação das relações étnico-raciais. Este ensaio, portanto, defende que a negrofilia pode ser identificada na formação de professores em disciplinas de Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais, assim como em discursos que, supostamente, defendem a diversidade étnico-racial.
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Published: October 2019

International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019.
Cybersecurity Risk Supervision
Authors: Gaidosch Tamas , Adelmann Frank , Morozova Anastasiia , Wilson Christopher
Published: October 2019

This paper highlights the emerging supervisory practices that contribute to
effective cybersecurity risk supervision, with an emphasis on how these practices
can be adopted by those agencies that are at an early stage of developing a
supervisory approach to strengthen cyber resilience. Financial sector supervisory
authorities the world over are working to establish and implement a framework
for cyber risk supervision. Cyber risk often stems from malicious intent, and a
successful cyber attack—unlike most other sources of risk—can shut down a
supervised firm immediately and lead to systemwide disruptions and failures.
The probability of attack has increased as financial systems have become more
reliant on information and communication technologies and as threats have
continued to evolve.
International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2019 Financial Statements
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: October 2019

The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2019 and 2018
Brazil
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: October 2019

Brazil’s states have been facing severe fiscal pressures over the last years. As the economy went through a deep economic recession in 2014-16, Brazilian subnational governments had to adjust to much weaker revenue growth, while dealing with the consequences of past large increases in spending—especially on wages and pensions. Several states are now having to manage high debt levels, liquidity pressures, and accumulation of large payment arrears.
Arab Republic of Egypt
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: October 2019

Egypt’s macroeconomic situation has improved significantly since 2016. Over the
last three years, the authorities have carried out an ambitious home-grown reform
program that aimed to correct large external and domestic imbalance and promote
inclusive growth and job creation. Critical macroeconomic reforms implemented under
the program have been successful in achieving macroeconomic stabilization, a recovery
in growth and employment, and putting public debt on a clearly declining trajectory.
Fiscal savings have been partly utilized to ease the burden of adjustment on the poor.
Improvement of growth, productivity and some chemical properties of hot pepper by foliar application of amino acids and yeast extract
Authors: Aly Amina , Eliwa Noha , El Megid Mohamed Hassan Abd
Published: October 2019

A greenhouse experiment was conducted during the seasons of 2016 - 2017 to compare the impact of foliar amino acids binding (0.5, 1 and 2 g.L-1) and yeast extract ( 2.5, 5 and 10 g.L-1) on certain development and physiological parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The results cleared that foliar application of amino acid (2 g.L-1) or yeast (10 g.L-1) increased development parameters of hot pepper compared to control in both first and second seasons. Amino acids foliar implementation with (2 g.L-1) gave higher content of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, lycopene and íŸ- carotene contents as compared with the control. Also, 10 g.L-1 foliar application of yeast extract showed the best results as compared to control in both first and second seasons. Foliar application of amino acids contents increased phenol and flavonoid contents of hot pepper fruits. Maximum increase was observed at 2 g.L-1 amino acids in both seasons. While 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lipid peroxidation contents increased with 2 g.L-1 amino acids and 10 g.L-1 yeast foliar application. The HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract of hot pepper fruits has shown fifteen phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds were increased by increasing the concentration of amino acid and yeast extract foliar application in the both two seasons. In conclusion it is recommended to use amino acid (2 g.L-1) and yeast extract (10 g.L-1) foliar application as they play a key role in productivity , also in protecting the environment as eco-friendly and cost-effective inputs for the farmers.
Use of ultra-high-temperature processing of raw milk to improve cheese quality
Authors: Semko Tetyana , Palamarchuk Vladyslav , Sukhenko Vladyslav
Published: October 2019

The increase in natural cheese production has brought issues related to ensuring the production of high-quality competitive products to the fore. The development of the cheese market requires constant improvement of the existing methods of production and the search for new technological solutions, which will allow us to counterbalance the low quality of raw materials, which is currently a serious problem for domestic cheese production. A promising method of realising the benefits of high-temperature (HT) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk processing in cheese making is the development of new types of cheese with a high moisture content; however, there are very few publications that discuss these approaches. The development of advanced technologies for the production of low-temperature second-degree solid cheeses with the use of HT and UHT processing, related to the improvement of the technological process and the equipment and technological scheme of production of solid cheeses. The main direction of the development of cheese production at the present stage is the improvement of existing technological processes, the development of resource-saving technologies and the improvement of the natural solid rennet cheese quality. The results of our research, related to the study of the composition and safety of milk raw materials, the impact of various technological factors on the cheese production process and the quality of the products obtained, are the basis for our resource-saving technology for the production of solid rennet cheese.
Big Data in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: An In-depth Comparison of National Outcomes Databases
Authors: Lu Yining , Khazi Zain M. , Patel Bhavik H. , Agarwalla Avinesh , Cancienne Jourdan , Werner Brian C. , Forsythe Brian
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

The practice of identifying trends in surgical decision-making through large-scale patient databases is commonplace. We hypothesize that notable differences exist between claims-based and prospectively collected clinical registries.

Methods:

We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), a prospective surgical outcomes database, and PearlDiver (PD), a claims-based private insurance database, for patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasties from 2007 to 2016. Comorbidities and 30-day complications were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each cohort to identify notable contributors to 30-day revision surgery.

Results:

Significant differences were observed in demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications for the age-matched groups between PD and NSQIP (P < 0.05 for all). Multiple regression analysis in PD identified morbid obesity and dyspnea to lead to an increased risk for revision surgery (P = 0.001) in the <65 cohort and dyspnea and diabetes to lead to an increased risk for revision surgery in the ≥65 cohort (P = 0.015, P < 0.001). Multiple regression did not reveal any risk factors for revision surgery in the <65 age group for the NSQIP; however, congestive heart failure was found to have an increased risk for revision surgery in the ≥65 cohort (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Notable differences in comorbidities and complications for patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty were present between PD and NSQIP.

Level of Evidence:

Retrospective cohort study, level III
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 2
Authors: John Albert
Published: October 2019

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.

 

Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 2

 

Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USA

Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria

Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey

Amer A. Taqa, Mosul University, Iraq

Asghari Gul, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan

Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa

Binod P Pandey, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

Brice Ulrich Saha Foudjo, Catholic University of Cameroon, Cameroon

Elnaz Rostampour, Islamic Azad University, Iran

Fes Sun Fabiyi, Bowen University, Nigeria

Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia

Hongbin Liu, University of Washington, USA

Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA

Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Saudi Arabia

Merve Kaya, Toros Agri., Turkey

Mohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Monira Nessem Michael, National institute of standards (NIS), Egypt

Mustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, Turkey

Nanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, Japan

Nanthaphong Khamthong, Rangsit University, Thailand

Rabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, Pakistan

Rodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, Brazil

Sie-Tiong Ha, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

Sitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USA

Souheyla Boudjema, University of Tlemcen, Algeria

Syed A. A. Rizvi, Hampton University, USA

Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada

Zhixin Tian, Tongji University, China

Albert John

On behalf of,

The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry

Canadian Center of Science and Education
Metodologia box-jenkins aplicada ao setor habitacional: um estudo de caso
Authors: Melchior Sra. , Ricci Sra. Rohenkohl , Andrade Sra Beazi de , Zanini Sra Ruviaro
Published: October 2019

O setor habitacional tem participação no desenvolvimento econômico e social, contribuindo para o amparo às famílias. O estudo apresenta uma análise exploratória acerca dos contratos de financiamento imobiliário realizados no Brasil com recursos do Sistema Brasileiro de Poupança e Empréstimo. O propósito deste estudo foi investigar o comportamento e prever os financiamentos habitacionais no país por meio de um modelo para séries temporais. Para isto foram utilizados os registros mensais, de janeiro/2010 a março/2017, obtidos na Câmara Brasileira da Indústria da Construção, ajustando modelos por meio da metodologia ARIMA. O modelo que melhor se ajustou para a interpretação do comportamento da série foi um autorregressivo, com a presença de médias móveis e a aplicação de duas diferenças para caracterizar a estacionariedade da série em estudo, tratando-se, portanto, de um modelo ARIMA (1,2,1). O comportamento da série refletiu o impacto político advindo das trocas de governo analisadas desde o governo Lula até o governo de Temer.
Aplicação dos princípios do SMED para a redução dos tempos de setup em uma empresa de implantes médicos: Um estudo de caso.
Authors: Moraes Aroldo José Isaias de , Baptista Reinaldo , Santos Luciana Ferracini dos , Bucioli Elaine Cristina
Published: October 2019

Diante de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas vêm buscando alternativas e estratégias para se manterem ativas. Desafios impostos tais como: redução de custos, qualidade do produto e prazos de entrega menores fazem com que as mesmas almejem a melhoria contínua. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como os princípios da filosofia Lean, por meio de suas ferramentas, podem atingir estes desafios. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa fabricante de implantes médicos, situada na cidade de Rio Claro SP. Foi possível evidenciar os ganhos obtidos com a redução dos tempos de setup por meio da eliminação de atividades que não agregavam valor e a implantação do sistema de troca rápida de ferramentas.
Uterosacral Nerve Ablation and Presacral Neurectomy in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women
Authors: Gungor Ugurlucan Funda , Yasa Cenk
Published: October 2019

Chronic pelvic pain affects 2–24% of women in the reproductive period. There are various causes of chronic pelvic pain in women including gynecologic, urologic, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal problems. The treatment of pain is directed toward the underlying pathology. However, in some cases, no pathology can be found, and sometimes, more than one underlying pathology may be found in the same patient. Surgical denervation methods may be used in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women including uterosacral nerve ablation and presacral neurectomy. Uterosacral nerve ablation has been used as a treatment method for uterine causes of pelvic pain. It has been used widely in the treatment of dysmenorrhea- and endometriosis-related pain. But recent randomized studies and meta-analysis have questioned the effect of uterosacral nerve ablation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain. Presacral neurectomy involves damage of the uterine sympathetic innervation at the level of superior hypogastric plexus. It is effective in the treatment of midline pelvic pain. It has been found to be more effective than laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation in a randomized study. The method, effect, and studies evaluating uterosacral nerve ablation and presacral neurectomy will be discussed in this chapter.
Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activity of Urginea maritima Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sheikhi Maryam , Mohammadi-Sichani Maryam
Published: October 2019

Background: One of the most important therapeutic challenges is fighting against infectious diseases and developing their bacteria high antibiotic resistance. Bacterial resistance is one of the reasons for the growing uses of herbs in treating bacterial infections. Objectives: The purpose of this study was investigating the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the bulb of Urginea maritima against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC: 27853, ATCC: 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 25923, ATCC: 9144). Methods: Methanol and acetone extracts of the bulb were prepared by the Soxhlet method. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by the microdilution method. The anti-biofilm effect of the extracts was also measured by the microplate technique and by crystal violet dying. Determining the compounds of the U. maritima bulb was done by the GC/MS device. Results: Results showed that acetone extract of U. maritima bulb prevents the growth of standard and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The highest antibiofilm effect was related to the methanol extract of the bulb against S. aureus, with the reducing of biofilm production of about 94%. Most of the extracted compounds of the U. maritima bulb include xylene, pentane, and phenyl ethane. Conclusions: The data of this study suggest that methanol and acetone extracts of the bulbs of U. maritima have potential activity as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent, especially against S. aureus.
What Gary Couldn’t Imagine
Authors: Kiymaz Tufan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

In this paper, I propose and defend an antiphysicalist argument, namely, the imagination argument, which draws inspiration from Frank Jackson’s knowledge argument, or rather its misinterpretation by Daniel Dennett and Paul Churchland. They interpret the knowledge argument to be about the ability to imagine a novel experience, which Jackson explicitly denies. The imagination argument is the following. Let Q be a visual phenomenal quality that is imaginable based on one’s phenomenal experience. (1) It is not possible to imagine Q solely based on complete physical knowledge. (2) If it is not possible to imagine Q solely based on complete physical knowledge, then physicalism is false. (3) Therefore, physicalism is false. Even though objections have been raised to this argument in the literature, there is, as far as I know, no explicit defense of it. I argue that the imagination argument is more plausible than the knowledge argument in some respects and less plausible in others. All things considered, it is at least as interesting and serious a challenge to physicalism as the knowledge argument is.
Schopenhauer e a sociedade, de Max Horkheimer
Authors: Salvio Thiago Souza
Published: October 2019

Tradução de Schopenhauer und die Gesellschaft, de Max Horkheimer, artigo publicado em 1955 no Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch da Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft.
A atualidade de Schopenhauer, de Max Horkheimer
Authors: Lazarini Lucas
Published: October 2019

Tradução de Die Aktualität Schopenhauers, de Max Horkheimer, artigo publicado em 1961 no Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch da Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft.
Gender Differences in Self-perception of Health at a Wellness Center
Authors: Sood Richa , Jenkins Sarah M. , Sood Amit , Clark Matthew M.
Published: October 2019

Objective: Understanding gender differences in self-perception of health (SPH) and self-efficacy can inform the design of tailored programs to improve health behaviors. We aimed to assess gender-specific differences in SPH and self-efficacy for maintaining wellness habits at
a work-place wellness center. Methods: A workplace wellness center member survey was conducted in 2016. Information about SPH and self-efficacy to maintain wellness habits was assessed. Data were analyzed to assess gender differences in SPH and self-efficacy. Results: The survey
was completed by 2784 members (mean age, 49.2 years; 68.2% women). SPH was similar between genders despite more men reporting health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. Women had higher self-efficacy about maintaining healthy diet, but the difference
was not clinically meaningful. Women had lower self-efficacy in their ability to maintain physical activity. Conclusions: In this large cohort of worksite wellness center members, men and women had similar self-perception of health despite higher disease burden among men. Women had
lower self-efficacy in their ability to maintain physical activity level but similar self-efficacy for maintaining healthy diet. These differences may inform the design of tailored wellness programs to meet the needs of both genders.
Obstetric Providers' Role in Prenatal Oral Health Counseling and Referral
Authors: Horowitz Alice M. , Child Wendy , Maybury Catherine
Published: October 2019

Objectives: In this study, we explored what Maryland obstetric (OB) residents and certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) know, understand, and counsel pregnant women about oral health. We also examined the frequency with which they refer patients to dentists and their perspectives on
barriers to prenatal dental care. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used one-on-one phone interviews to identify providers' perspectives about the need for prenatal dental care, reasons low-income pregnant women do not receive care, and recommendations for increasing dental
care. We interviewed 32 providers between June 2017 and March 2018. Results: Most providers were unaware of the importance of and need for prenatal dental care. Most did not discuss dental care with their patients and some admitted being inadequately trained to do so. Both provider
groups were positive about actions they could take to increase pregnant patients' dental care-seeking. Conclusions: For OB residents and CNMs to play an important role in improving pregnant patients' oral health they must have adequate oral health literacy, receive appropriate training
in medical and nursing school, possess oral health educational materials for their patients, and have a list of dental providers who accept their insurance.
Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Mental Health among US Adults
Authors: An Ruopeng , Qiu Yingjie , Xiang Xiaoling , Ji Mengmeng , Guan Chenghua
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Hurricane Katrina was an intense tropical cyclone that made landfall in the United States (US) in August 2005, causing catastrophic damage in several states. This study examined the impact of Hurricane Katrina on mental health status among US adults. Methods:
Multilevel regressions based on the difference-in-differences study design were performed on individual-level data (N = 70,267) retrieved from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2004-2006 surveys. Results: Hurricane Katrina was found to be associated with an increase of
0.68 poor mental health days among residents of Katrina-affected states. The negative impact of Hurricane Katrina on mental health status tended to be larger among Louisiana residents, women, young and middle-aged adults, lower income respondents, and those with poor/fair self-rated physical
health than among Mississippi residents, men, older adults, higher income respondents, and those with good/excellent self-rated physical health. Conclusion: Hurricane Katrina adversely impacted mental health of residents in Katrina-affected states, and the impact differed across population
subgroups. Future studies should investigate other potential risk and protective factors for the mental health consequences of disasters. They should examine long-term impacts on mental health following disasters to better inform population-based mental health interventions for disaster survivors.
Cumulative Health Risk Behaviors and Adolescent Suicide: The Moderating Role of Future Orientation
Authors: Xiao Yunyu , Lu Wenhua
Published: October 2019

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the association between cumulative health risk behaviors (HRBs) and adolescent suicidal behaviors and the moderating effect of future orientation. Methods: We used data were from 4255 adolescents in grades 9th-12th
participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Wave I-II). We computed a cumulative HRB index by using 14 HRB indicators covering diet, physical activity, sleep, social media use, safety behaviors, and substance use. We used multilevel mixed-effect logistic regressions
to analyze associations among cumulative HRBs, future orientation, and suicidal behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and complex survey design. We included 3-way interaction terms to explore moderation effect. Results: Cumulative HRBs significantly
increased the odds of suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI = [1.17, 1.37], p <. 001) and suicide attempts (AOR=1.26, 95% CI = [1.09, 1.46], p <. 01) across time. Future orientation moderated the associations between cumulative HRBs and suicide attempts differently across race/ethnicity.
Engaging more than 4 cumulative HRBs, black adolescents with low future orientation had significantly higher risks of suicide attempts than those with high future orientation. Conclusions: Findings underline cumulative HRBs as significant risk factors for adolescent suicidal behaviors
longitudinally. Suicide interventions targeting HRBs could benefit from nurturing future orientation.
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS BY HYDRO-PUMPING TO SUPPORT A MIX OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION WITH A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF RENEWABLES
Authors: ABADIE MUÑOZ LUIS MARIA , GOICOECHEA LARRACOECHEA NESTOR
Published: October 2019

In some countries the planning of the electricity generation mix for the future includes a considerable increase in Renewable Energy (RE) to reduce the emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels. This trend can be reinforced if the installed power capacity of nuclear and coal plants is considerably decreased. On the other hand future electricity demand seems srt to increase due to population growth and greater domestic electrification, especially if transport electrification is tackled. The combination of these factors may result in an ever greater decline in Security of Supply (SoS), mainly due to the stochastic nature of electricity supply and demand behaviour.
To achieve an acceptable level of SoS when introducing renewable energy into the grid it is necessary to increase storage capacity and tackle other measures such as demand management. Many energy storage technologies can be found, and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) is recognised as the most mature, though other technologies such as batteries are also available.
In this paper, we first review PHES and its abilty to support intermittent generation from energy plants, such as wind and solar, preventing energy losses and storing energy for use at times of high demand; second we analyse the performance of PHES in Spain over five years (2014-2018); our conclusion confirms that adequate SoS cannot be guaranteed with PHES management of the kind observed in the past.

Keywords: security of electricity supply, adequacy of generation, pumped hydro storage facilities, uncertainty, Tobit model.
On the Solutions of the Big Data Timeliness Problem
Authors: Ebeid Ramy , Salem Ahmed , Senousy M. B.
Published: October 2019

Big Data is increasingly used on almost the entire planet, both online and offline. It is not related only to computers. It makes a new trend in the decision-making process and the analysis of this data will predict the results based on the explored knowledge of big data using Clustering algorithms. The response time of performance and speed presents an important challenge to classify this monstrous data. K-means and big k-mean algorithms solve this problem. In this paper, researcher find the best K value using the elbow method, then use two ways in the first sequential processing and the second is parallel processing, then apply the K-mean algorithm and the big K-mean on shared memory to make a comparative study find which one is the best in different data sizes. The analysis performed by R studio environment.
CAPACIDADE DE ESTADO DOS MUNICÍPIOS BAIANOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL (PNAS)
Authors: Fadigas Sara Braga de Melo
Published: October 2019

Com quais capacidades municípios contam para agir com seu poder infra-estrutural na implementação da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) na Bahia? Esta é a pergunta de partida deste estudo que tem como objeto a implementação de uma política tardiamente regulamentada, se comparada às outras políticas sociais brasileiras, cujo objetivo é analisar a capacidade de Estado dos municípios baianos a partir de três dimensões – institucional, financeira e burocrática. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva que toma o conceito de capacidade de Estado utilizado por Mann (1986) como seu referencial teórico. Metodologicamente, sua operacionalização se deu a partir da análise de variáveis quantitativas, oriundas de dados secundários, através de técnicas de sumarização de estatística descritiva utilizando medidas de posição. Como resultado final, argumenta-se que, apesar das limitações impostas a PNAS, houve progressivamente certa potencialização da capacidade de Estado dos municípios na institucionalização da política.
No evidence of other‐race effect for Chinese faces in Malaysian non‐Chinese population
Authors: Estudillo Alejandro J. , Lee Jasmine Kar Wye , Mennie Neil , Burns Edwin
Published: October 2019

The other‐race effect (ORE) reflects poor recognition of faces of a different race to one's own. According to the expertise‐individuation hypothesis, this phenomenon is a consequence of limited experience with other‐race faces. Thus, similar experience with own and other‐race faces should abolish the ORE. This study explores the ORE in a multi‐racial country (i.e., Malaysia) by comparing Malaysian observers' face recognition for faces of a predominant racial group in Malaysia (i.e., Chinese) with faces from an uncommon group (i.e., Caucasian). Malaysian Chinese, Malays, and Malaysian Indians completed the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the CFMT‐Chinese. Compared with the normative scores, Malaysian observers showed poor performance in the CFMT‐Caucasian. Interestingly, Malays and Malaysian Indians observers' performance was identical to that of Malaysian Chinese in the CFMT‐Chinese and to the normative scores of the test. These results demonstrate the relevance of experience in shaping the ORE.
Putting a negative spin on it: Using a fidget spinner can impair memory for a video lecture
Authors: Soares Julia S. , Storm Benjamin C.
Published: October 2019

Fidget spinners have experienced a rapid rise in popularity, at least partially because they are marketed as attentional aides with the potential to enhance student learning. In the current study, college‐aged students watched educational videos while either using a fidget spinner or not. Using a fidget spinner was associated with increased reports of attentional lapses, diminished judgments of learning, and impaired performance on a memory test for the material covered in the video. The adverse effect on learning was observed regardless of whether the use of fidget spinners was manipulated between‐subjects (Experiment 1) or within‐subjects (Experiment 2), and was observed even when the sample and analysis were limited to participants who came into the study with neutral or positive views on the use of fidget spinners. These results suggest that if fidget spinners are beneficial for learning, such benefits are relatively limited or at least do not extend to the conditions present in the current study.
Comparison of Biologic Discontinuation in Patients With Elderly‐Onset Versus Younger‐Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Richter Michael D. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Achenbach Sara J. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: October 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare biologic drug discontinuation rates for older‐ versus younger‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA) because this is a key outcome measure that could impact prescribing practices.

Methods

We performed a retrospective medical record review of all patients who fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for adult‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 1999‐2013 among residents of a geographically defined area, with follow‐up until death, migration, or July 1, 2017. Discontinuation rates were estimated using cumulative incidence adjusted for the competing risk of death.

Results

A total of 240 cases of elderly‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) and 366 cases of YORA were identified (65% and 73% female, respectively; P = 0.025). Cumulative incidence of biologic initiation was lower among the EORA cohort compared with the YORA cohort (18% vs 33%, respectively, at 10 years after RA incidence; P < 0.001). Among those treated with a biologic, years from RA diagnosis to first biologic treatment was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.62). Drug survival of first biologic was 64% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%‐77%) and 53% at 2 years (95% CI: 33%‐66%) for EORA, compared with 61% at 1 year (95% CI: 50%‐69%) and 45% at 2 years (95% CI: 34%‐53%) for YORA (P = 0.75). Concurrent glucocorticoid use at initiation of first biologic was statistically and significantly associated with a lower risk of discontinuation in EORA (hazard ratio 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08‐0.53) but not in YORA (interaction P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Drug survival rates of biologic medications did not differ significantly between patients with EORA and YORA.
Parrino perspective from 2019 AATOD conference: Positives and negatives
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

Opioids have put the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD) front and center when it comes to medication‐assisted treatment with methadone in particular, but also with buprenorphine and naltrexone. Mark W. Parrino, AATOD president, told the 2,000 or so attendees at the AATOD conference in Orlando last week about the positives and negatives that have occurred in the past year. Amid all the festivity and “magic” of Disney and the deluxe Coronado Springs Resort, there are very serious issues facing the field in terms of growth and patient care.
MAT in short supply to young survivors of overdose, with choice linked to age
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2019

How one interprets the research finding that 28% of opioid‐related overdose survivors ages 18 to 21 in Massachusetts received a medication treatment in the year post‐overdose becomes a matter of perspective.
AATOD in Florida: The view from the SSA
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

Florida was the focus of the first plenary session of the conference of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD), held last week in Orlando. It's customary for the host state of this gathering, which happens every 18 months, to showcase its successes, and indeed, there have been successes for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment across the country. But Florida, the epicenter for pill mills a decade ago, is an important case study.
HHS recommends against rapid tapering of opioids
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

In yet another sign that the federal government concedes the pendulum on opioids has swung too far, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued advice this month, citing the risks of tapering opioids too rapidly.
State strategies identify and treat OUD in pregnant women
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2019

Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) contributes to adverse maternal and infant outcomes, and states are taking various approaches to improving these outcomes. A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified successful strategies, which included increasing access to care and improving provider awareness, and recommended a focus on increasing surveillance while reducing stigma for women and infants.
Size Effect on Microstructural Evolution and Micromechanical Responses of Mechanically Bonded Aluminum and Magnesium by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Han Jae-Kyung , Park Jeong-Min , Ruan Wei , Carpenter Kevin T. , Tabei Ali , Jang Jae-il , Kawasaki Megumi
Published: October 2019

The mechanical bonding of dissimilar metals though the application of high‐pressure torsion (HPT) processing is developed recently for introducing unique ultrafine‐grained alloy systems involving microstructural heterogeneity leading to excellent mechanical properties. Considering further developments of the processing approach and the produced hybrid materials, the size effect on microstructural evolution and micromechanical responses of the mechanically bonded Al–Mg systems is evaluated. In practice, processing by HPT is conducted at room temperature on the separate Al and Mg disks having 25 mm diameter under 1.0 GPa at 0.4 rpm, and the results are compared with the mechanically bonded Al–Mg system having 10 mm diameter. The Al–Mg disks having 25 mm diameter show a general hardness distribution where low hardness appears around the disk centers, and it increases at the disk peripheries. Nanoindentation measurements demonstrate that there is excellent plasticity at the edges of the Al–Mg system with 25 mm diameter. The Al–Mg system with both 10 and 25 mm diameters show a consistent trend of hardness evolution outlining an exponential increase of hardness with increasing equivalent strain. The results are anticipated to provide a conceptual framework for the development and scale‐up of the HPT‐induced mechanical bonding technique.
Coenzyme A‐Conjugated Cinnamic Acids – Enzymatic Synthesis of a CoA‐Ester Library and Application in Biocatalytic Cascades to Vanillin Derivatives
Authors: Dippe Martin , Bauer Anne‐Katrin , Porzel Andrea , Funke Evelyn , Müller Anna O. , Schmidt Jürgen , Beier Maria , Wessjohann Ludger A.
Published: October 2019

We present a bioorthogonal method for the ligation of coenzyme A (CoA) with cinnamic acids. The reaction, which is the initial step in the biosynthesis of a multitude of bioactive secondary metabolites, is catalyzed by a promiscuous plant ligase and yields CoA conjugates with different functionalization in high purity and without formation of by‐products. Its applicability in biosynthetic cascades is shown for the direct transformation of cinnamic acids into natural benzaldehydes (like vanillin) or artificial derivatives (e. g. ethylvanillin).

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Thermally Durable Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with High Energy Density from All Hydroxyapatite Nanowire‐Enabled Fire‐Resistant Electrodes and Separators
Authors: Li Heng , Guo Songtao , Wang Libin , Wu Jin , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Hu Xianluo
Published: October 2019

The reliability and durability of lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are severely hindered by the kinetic imbalance between capacitive and Faradaic electrodes. Efficient charge storage in LICs is still a huge challenge, particularly for thick electrodes with high mass loading, fast charge delivery, and harsh working conditions. Here, a unique thermally durable, stable LIC with high energy density from all‐inorganic hydroxyapatite nanowire (HAP NW)‐enabled electrodes and separators is reported. Namely, the LIC device is designed and constructed with the electron/ion dual highly conductive and fire‐resistant composite Li4Ti5O12‐based anode and activated carbon‐based cathode, together with a thermal‐tolerant HAP NW separator. Despite the thick‐electrode configuration, the as‐fabricated all HAP NW‐enabled LIC exhibits much enhanced electrochemical kinetics and performance, especially at high current rates and temperatures. Long cycling lifetime and state‐of‐the‐art areal energy density (1.58 mWh cm−2) at a high mass loading of 30 mg cm−2 are achieved. Benefiting from the excellent fire resistance of HAP NWs, such an unusual LIC exhibits high thermal durability and can work over a wide range of temperatures from room temperature to 150 °C. Taking full advantage of synergistic configuration design, this work sets the stage for designing advanced LICs beyond the research of active materials.
Crystalline Ni(OH)2/Amorphous NiMoOx Mixed‐Catalyst with Pt‐Like Performance for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dong Zihao , Lin Fei , Yao Yihang , Jiao Lifang
Published: October 2019

The achievement of effective alkaline hydrogen production from water electrolysis is an active field of research. Herein, an integrated electrode composed of crystalline Ni(OH)2 and amorphous NiMoOx is fabricated onto nickel foam (denoted as Ni(OH)2–NiMoOx/NF). The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics are optimized along with phase transformation process during soaking operation. An overpotential of 36 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2 along with the low Tafel slope of 38 mV dec−1 reveals the catalyst's excellent HER performance and a Heyrovsky‐step‐controlled HER mechanism. When assembled into a urea‐assisted water electrolyzer, a voltage of 1.42 V can reach 10 mA cm−2. Further experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results illustrate the synergy effect between crystalline and amorphous areas and the optimized water dissociation step. Crystalline Ni(OH)2 serves as the scissor for water dissociation in an alkali environment to produce H*, while the amorphous NiMoOx layer serves as the location for H* adsorption and H2 desorption.
The Xavante Longitudinal Health Study in Brazil: Objectives, design, and key results
Authors: Welch James R. , Ferreira Aline A. , Tavares Felipe G. , Lucena J. Rodolfo M. , Gomes de Oliveira Maurício V. , Santos Ricardo V. , Coimbra Carlos E. A.
Published: October 2019

Objective

The Xavante Longitudinal Health Study was developed to permit granular tracking of contemporary health challenges faced by indigenous communities in Brazil, taking into consideration ongoing historical processes that may be associated with increases in child undernutrition, adult obesity, and cardiovascular disease risks.

Methods

This was an open‐cohort study with six semiannual data collection waves from 2009 to 2012. The study was undertaken in two Xavante villages, Pimentel Barbosa and Etênhiritipá, State of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. No sampling technique was used. Data collection placed emphasis on growth and nutrition of children under five and nutrition status, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels of adolescents and adults.

Results

Baseline data collection began in July/August 2009 with a population census (656 individuals). Between the first and final waves, the study population increased by 17%. At baseline, stunting and wasting was elevated for most age groups <10 years. Overweight, obesity, and increased risk of metabolic complications were expressive among individuals >17 years, disproportionately affecting females. Anemia was elevated in most age groups, especially among females. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was moderate. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was relatively low.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal marked health disparities relative to the Brazilian national population and a complex dietary health epidemiology involving the double burden of malnutrition, rapidly changing nutritional indicators, and elevated metabolic disease risk. The topically broad multidisciplinary focus permitted construction of the richest longitudinal data set of socio‐epidemiological information for an indigenous population in Brazil.
The evolutionary adaptation of body art: Tattooing as costly honest signaling of enhanced immune response in American Samoa
Authors: Lynn Christopher D. , Howells Michaela , Herdrich David , Ioane Joseph , Hudson Duffy , Fitiao Su'a Tupuola U.
Published: October 2019

Background

Tattooing has been practiced globally for thousands of years. From an evolutionary perspective, this tradition seems counterintuitive because it is a dermal injury that risks infection. Previous research indicates tattooing may habituate the immune system for subsequent stress, as with exercise or vaccination, an important benefit in high‐risk areas. Visible injuries through tattooing may be a form of costly honest signaling—consciously or unconsciously drawing attention to immunological quality.

Objectives

We tested this habituation effect of tattooing in American Samoa, where its practice is common and extensive and infectious disease rates high. We hypothesized that people with more tattoo experience would have enhanced immune response related to the stress of being tattooed. We compared total and rate of tattoo experience to determine if tattooing is more analogous to exercise or vaccination.

Methods

We measured secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cortisol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and tattoo experience in 25 adults receiving tattoos. We compared post‐tattoo SIgA to total and rate of tattoo experience using analyses of covariance, controlling for pre‐tattoo SIgA, tattoo duration, age, marital status, and stress and baseline health (cortisol, CRP, body mass index, and cigarette use).

Results

Post‐tattoo SIgA positively correlated with total tattoo experience (P < .05). Furthermore, when dichotomized by experience, participants with low tattoo experience showed little to no stress‐related immune change, whereas high‐experience participants exhibited elevated SIgA, suggesting habituation to repeated tattooing.

Conclusions

The historical and cultural popularity of tattooing may be partly due to honest information tattoos convey about adaptive biology, similar to physical benefits of exercise.
Allometric models of adult regional body lengths and circumferences to height: Insights from a three‐dimensional body image scanner
Authors: Watts Krista , Hwaung Phoenix , Grymes James , Cottam Samuel H. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Thomas Diana M.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Recent reports on body regional mass scalings to height have advanced understanding differences in adult heights. These studies resulted in conjectures on how regional lengths and circumferences may scale to height. We provide evidence for these conjectures by analyzing a large sample of regional limb, trunk, chest, and head lengths and circumferences in a large sample of US Army basic training recruits.

Methods

Participants consisted of 10 271 males and 2760 females ages 17 to 21 years old who reported for basic training at Fort Jackson, SC. Participants were imaged by a three‐dimensional (3D) body scanner for uniform sizing which yielded 159 body measurements of total mass, lengths and circumferences at regional sites of arms, legs, trunk, chest, and head. The allometric model, was applied to derive scaling exponents which were applied to estimate regional mass scalings.

Results

Body mass scaled to height with powers of ∼2.0 (mean β ± SE, 1.98 ± 0.04, 1.93 ± 0.06). Arm and leg lengths scaled to exponents larger than 1.0 and head height and circumferences at regional sites scaled to exponents smaller than 1.0. The leg, arm, and trunk mass scaling exponents were all above 2.0. Head mass scaled to powers smaller than 2.0.

Conclusions

The 3D scanner allowed hundreds of anthropometric measurements to be obtained within seconds. The ensuing analysis revealed that greater height yielded disproportional increases in limb lengths, limb mass and trunk mass. These analyses provide evidence that could not be previously measured that further both biomechanical and metabolic conjectures.
Visible‐Light‐Enabled Stereodivergent Synthesis of E‐ and Z‐Configured 1,4‐Dienes by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Song Fan , Wang Fang , Guo Lei , Feng Xiaoliang , Zhang Yanyan , Chu Lingling
Published: October 2019

A stereodivergent reductive coupling reaction between allylic carbonates and vinyl triflates to furnish both E‐ and Z‐configured 1,4‐dienes has been achieved by visible‐light‐induced photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. The mild reaction conditions allow good compatibility of both vinyl triflates and allylic carbonates. Notably, the stereoselectivity of this synergistic cross‐electrophile coupling can be tuned by an appropriate photocatalyst with a suitable triplet‐state energy, providing a practical and stereodivergent means to alkene synthesis. Preliminary mechanistic studies shed some light on the coupling step as well as the control of the stereoselectivity step.