bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Prefer High-Intensity Exercise”—A Qualitative Study of Men’s Experiences with a Nature-Based Exercise Program for People with Arthritis
Authors: Andersson Signe , Ahler Jonas Risum , Tang Lars Hermann , Aagaard Thomas Vedste , Skou Søren T. , Simonÿ Charlotte
Published: December 2024

Arthritis significantly reduces health-related quality of life, causing pain, fatigue, and decreased physical activity. To address this, exercise is highly recommended. However, men are less likely to participate in rehabilitation compared to women. We detected the same tendency in a nationwide nature-based exercise program in Denmark, with only 8% male participants. Therefore, this qualitative study investigated what engaged and restrained men with arthritis from participating in a nature-based exercise program. We employed interviews as the primary method for data collection. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis, revealing key patterns in participants’ experiences. This study finds that the fourteen participants’ experiences revealed two themes: (1) meeting with the nature-based exercise program was confusing, motivating, and disappointing, and (2) the social aspect is less important. To better engage men, future programs should include a clear description of the concept of the exercise, high-intensity exercise, a reduced emphasis on social activities, and consistency in the instructors’ roles and guidance. Incorporating these findings can better address the needs and preferences of men, helping them feel more like individuals than patients.
Political Affiliation, Policy Measures, and Intention to Receive COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Ricke Isabel J. , Spaulding Alicen B. , Rajtar Nickolas N. , Lundberg Lauren , Nguyen Ruby H. N.
Published: December 2024

Our study aimed to assess the impact of political affiliation, personal beliefs, and policy measures on the intention to receive routine COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in the coming year. A cross-sectional study of 1256 individuals at Minnesota State and County Fairs was conducted to assess their intention to receive COVID-19 booster and influenza vaccines in the coming year. The association between vaccine intention and political affiliation, belief in collective responsibility, and workplace/school vaccine requirements were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Vaccine intention in the coming year was high among our participants; 65% intended to receive both vaccines, 11% intended to receive only the influenza vaccine, 7% intended to receive only the COVID-19 vaccine, and 17% planned to receive neither. Political affiliation was strongly associated with the intention to receive both vaccines. Republicans were far more likely than Democrats to report plans to receive neither vaccine (aOR: 12.8; 95% CI: 6.2–26.6), or only the influenza vaccine in the coming year (aOR: 8.7; 95% CI: 4.2–17.9). Additionally, those who planned to receive both vaccines were significantly more likely to view vaccines as a collective responsibility. This study highlights the significant influence of political affiliation and beliefs in collective responsibility on vaccine intentions.
Determinants of Neonatal Mortality at a Referral Paediatric Hospital in Angola: A Case–Control Study Using Theoretical Frameworks
Authors: Avelino Israel C. , Van-Dúnem Joaquim , Varandas Luís
Published: December 2024

Neonatal mortality rates in developing countries are influenced by a complex array of factors. Despite advancements in healthcare, Angola has one of the highest neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with significant contributors including premature birth, intrapartum events, tetanus, and sepsis. This study, utilizing key theoretical frameworks such as intersectionality, social determinants of health (SDOH), and ecosocial theory, aimed to identify the primary causes and contributing factors of neonatal mortality among infants admitted to the Neonatology Service at DBPH in Luanda from May 2022 to June 2023. A retrospective matched case–control design was employed, pairing each neonatal death with two surviving neonates based on age and sex. The analysis included 318 newborns, of whom 106 experienced hospital deaths. A stepwise binary logistic regression model was used to examine associations between variables and neonatal mortality. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate model. Significant factors associated with neonatal mortality included the following: a low Apgar score at 1 min (<7) (OR 2.172; 95% CI: 1.436–4.731); maternal age under 20 years (OR 3.746; 95% CI: 2.172–6.459); home delivery (OR 1.769; 95% CI: 1.034–3.027); and duration of illness before admission ≥ 3 days (OR 2.600; 95% CI: 1.317–5.200). Addressing these issues requires urgent interventions, including improving Apgar score management through enhanced training for healthcare professionals, supporting young mothers with intensified maternal education, ensuring deliveries occur in appropriate healthcare settings, and improving universal health coverage and referral systems. These measures could be crucial for enhancing neonatal care and reducing mortality.
IL-37 Isoform A Prevents Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Modulating the Th17/Treg Balance via IL1R8 Receptors
Authors: Lyu Shuyan , Fang Zhengyu , Hu Yiping , Zhang Miaomiao , He Jiaxin , Wang Xiaocheng , He Juan , Gao Xu , Wang Hongli , Xu Damo , Wang Qingwen
Published: December 2024

Cytokines play a complex and pivotal role in modulating synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin (IL)-37 is known for its extensive anti-inflammatory properties that set it apart from the majority of other IL-1 family members. However, IL-37a, a member of the IL-37 family, lacks research into rheumatoid arthritis. This research aims to explore the role of IL-37a in regulating T-cell homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis using the Collagen-Induced Arthritis(CIA) model. IL-37atg mice, a genetically altered strain carrying the human IL-37a gene, were used to test the influence of this cytokine on the progression of arthritis. The results show that IL-37atg mice demonstrated a notable reduction in both the incidence and severity of arthritis relative to WT mice. The protective effect was accompanied by lower levels of cytokines in plasma and synovial tissues (such as IL-17A and IL1β) that drive the inflammatory response. The ratio of Th17/Treg decreased in the lymph nodes of IL-37atg mice. However, the knockout of IL1R8 in IL37atg mice eliminated the effects of IL-37a. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis revealed that Th17 cell differentiation is a key pathway through which IL-37a exerts its protective effects, and experiments confirmed that IL-37a suppresses Th17-polarizing in vitro.
Involvement of Melatonin, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in the Protective Mechanism of the Carotid Artery over the Torpor–Arousal Cycle of Ground Squirrels
Authors: Hao Ziwei , Han Yuting , Zhao Qi , Zhu Minghui , Liu Xiaoxuan , Yang Yingyu , An Ning , He Dinglin , Lefai Etienne , Storey Kenneth B. , Chang Hui , Xie Manjiang
Published: December 2024

Hibernating mammals experience severe hemodynamic changes over the torpor–arousal cycle, with oxygen consumption reaching peaks during the early stage of torpor to re-enter arousal. Melatonin (MT) can improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of MT action on the vascular protective function of hibernators are still unclear. Morphology, hemodynamic, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors of the carotid artery were assessed in ground squirrels who were sampled during summer active (SA), late torpor (LT), and interbout arousal (IBA) conditions. Changes were assessed by methods including hematoxylin and eosin staining, color Doppler ultrasound, ELISA, Western blots, and qPCR. Changes in arterial blood and serum melatonin were also measured by blood gas analyzer and ELISA, whereas mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation factors of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assessed by qPCR. (1) Intima-media carotid thickness, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic blood flow velocity (EDV), maximal blood flow rate (Vmax) and pulsatility index (PI) were significantly decreased in the LT group as compared with the SA group, whereas there were no difference between the SA and IBA groups. (2) PO2, oxygen saturation, hematocrit and PCO2 in the arterial blood were significantly increased, and pH was significantly decreased in the LT group as compared with the SA and IBA groups. (3) The serum melatonin concentration was significantly increased in the LT group as compared with the SA and IBA groups. (4) MT treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of LONP1, NF-κB, NLRP3 and IL-6 mRNA expression of VSMCs under hypoxic conditions. (5) Protein expression of HSP60 and LONP1 in the carotid artery were significantly reduced in the LT and IBA groups as compared with the SA group. (6) The proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were reduced in the carotid artery of the LT group as compared with the SA and IBA groups. The carotid artery experiences no oxidative stress or inflammatory response during the torpor–arousal cycle. In addition, melatonin accumulates during torpor and alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses caused by hypoxia in vitro in VSMCs from ground squirrels.
Nitrilases NIT1/2/3 Positively Regulate Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Through Glucosinolate Metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhang Tianqi , Yao Pei , Li Rui , Li Jing
Published: December 2024

Nitrilases, found to have a common presence in the plant kingdom, are capable of converting nitriles into their corresponding carboxylic acids through hydrolysis. In Arabidopsis, the nitrilases NIT1, NIT2, and NIT3 catalyze the formation of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) into indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Notably, IAN can originate from the breakdown products of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates, which are plant secondary metabolites commonly found in cruciferous plants, and their breakdown products, are crucial for plant defense against pathogens. In our study, we found that nitrilases positively regulate resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000) in mature Arabidopsis. Transcriptome data showed that after PstDC3000 treatment, genes related to the auxin pathway in nit1nit2nit3 changed more dramatically than in the wild type. Moreover, the enhancement of disease resistance through exogenous aliphatic glucosinolate application relies on NIT1/2/3. Hence, it is hypothesized that NIT1/2/3 may serve a dual role in disease resistance and defense mechanisms. After infection with PstDC3000, NIT1/2/3 catalyzes the biosynthesis of auxin, thereby triggering certain disease-related responses. On the other hand, NIT1/2/3 can also break down nitriles generated from aliphatic glucosinolate degradation to enhance disease resistance. Our study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of nitrilases in Arabidopsis disease resistance, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing disease resistance in cruciferous plants.
Generation of Isogenic iPSC Lines for Studying the Effect of the p.N515del (c.1543_1545delAAC) Variant on MYBPC3 Function and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenesis
Authors: Pavlova Sophia V. , Shulgina Angelina E. , Minina Julia M. , Zakian Suren M. , Dementyeva Elena V.
Published: December 2024

The clinical significance of numerous cardiovascular gene variants remains to be determined. CRISPR/Cas9 allows for the introduction and/or correction of a certain variant in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The resulting isogenic iPSC lines can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and used as a platform to assess the pathogenicity of the variant. In this study, isogenic iPSC lines were generated for a variant of unknown significance found previously in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), p.N515del (c.1543_1545delAAC) in MYBPC3. The deletion was corrected with CRISPR/Cas9 in the patient-specific iPSCs. The iPSC lines with the corrected deletion in MYBPC3 maintained pluripotency and a normal karyotype and showed no off-target CRISPR/Cas9 activity. The isogenic iPSC lines, together with isogenic iPSC lines generated earlier via introducing the p.N515del (c.1543_1545delAAC) variant in MYBPC3 of iPSCs of a healthy donor, were differentiated into cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocytes derived from both panels of the isogenic iPSCs showed an increased size in the presence of the deletion in MYBPC3, which is one of the HCM traits at the cellular level. This finding indicates the effectiveness of these iPSC lines for studying the impact of the variant on HCM development.
YAP/TAZ Signalling Controls Epidermal Keratinocyte Fate
Authors: Pankratova Maria D. , Riabinin Andrei A. , Butova Elizaveta A. , Selivanovskiy Arseniy V. , Morgun Elena I. , Ulianov Sergey V. , Vorotelyak Ekaterina A. , Kalabusheva Ekaterina P.
Published: December 2024

The paralogues Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) control cell proliferation and cell fate determination from embryogenesis to ageing. In the skin epidermis, these proteins are involved in both homeostatic cell renewal and injury-induced regeneration and also drive carcinogenesis and other pathologies. YAP and TAZ are usually considered downstream of the Hippo pathway. However, they are the central integrating link for the signalling microenvironment since they are involved in the interplay with signalling cascades induced by growth factors, cytokines, and physical parameters of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we summarise the evidence on how YAP and TAZ are activated in epidermal keratinocytes; how YAP/TAZ-mediated signalling cooperates with other signalling molecules at the plasma membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear levels; and how YAP/TAZ ultimately controls transcription programmes, defining epidermal cell fate.
Phenotypic Characterization and Genome Analysis of New Broad-Spectrum Virulent Salmophage, Salmonella Phage KKP_3822, for Biocontrol of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains
Authors: Wójcicki Michał , Shymialevich Dziyana , Średnicka Paulina , Emanowicz Paulina , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Cieślak Hanna , Sokołowska Barbara
Published: December 2024

Salmonella is one of the main foodborne pathogens. Irrational antibiotic management has led to an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant strains. Bacteriophages may be an alternative method of food biopreservation and contribute to reducing the number of food poisonings requiring pharmacotherapy. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage (phage) targeting indigenous multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, followed by their biological, morphological, and genomic characterization. In this study we isolated Salmonella phage KKP_3822, targeting MDR Salmonella Manchester strain KKP 1213. Salmonella phage KKP_3822 retained high activity in the temperature range from −20 °C to 40 °C and active acidity from pH 3 to 11. Temperatures of 70 °C and 80 °C and extreme pH values (2 and 12) significantly reduced the phage titer. Its activity decreased proportionally to the time of UV exposure. Genome analysis (linear dsDNA with a length of 114,843 bp) revealed the presence of 27 tRNA genes. Proteins encoded by the vB_Sen-IAFB3822 phage were divided into functional modules related to (i) phage structure/assembly, (ii) DNA replication/modification/regulation, (iii) phage lysis, and (iv) DNA packaging into the capsid. No genes associated with antibiotic resistance or integration into the host genome, markers of temperate bacteriophages, were annotated in the Salmonella phage KKP_3822 genome. Based on morphological features and whole-genome sequence analysis, the newly isolated Salmonella phage KKP_3822 shows the greatest similarity to representatives of tailed phages from the Caudoviricetes class, Demerecviridae family, and Epseptimavirus genus. Genome analysis confirmed the virulent nature of the Salmonella phage KKP_3822, making it a potential candidate for food biocontrol.
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D on COVID-19 Induced Glioblastoma Recurrence via the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Bi-Tian , Leung Ping-Chung , Wong Chun-Kwok , Wang Dong-Jie
Published: December 2024

Glioma is a highly invasive brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its complex molecular characteristics and poor prognosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced additional clinical challenges for cancer patients, especially those with glioma. This study explored the molecular interactions between glioma and COVID-19 using integrated bioinformatics methods, including enrichment analysis, survival analysis, and molecular docking, focusing on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D. From gene expression data of glioma and COVID-19, 203 common differentially expressed genes were identified, and six prognostic key genes—MYBL2, RBM6, VEPH1, AHNAK2, GNG10, and DUSP14—were further determined. After intersecting with vitamin D targets five prognostic key genes were determined—MYBL2, RBM6, VEPH1, AHNAK2 and GNG10. These genes play significant roles in the PI3K-Akt pathway and potentially interact with vitamin D. Molecular docking and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses suggest that vitamin D may improve the prognosis of glioma patients infected with COVID-19 by regulating these key genes and the PI3K-Akt pathway. The findings reveal molecular links between glioma and COVID-19, thereby providing new insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis of Bis(isodecyl Terephthalate) from Waste Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Catalyzed by Lewis Acid Catalysts
Authors: Muszyński Marcin , Nowicki Janusz , Krasuska Agata , Nowakowska-Bogdan Ewa , Bartoszewicz Maria , Woszczyński Piotr , Zygadło Mateusz , Dudek Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Increasing plastic waste generation has become a pressing environmental problem. One of the most produced waste plastics originates from post-consumer packaging, of which PET constitutes a significant portion. Despite increasing recycling rates, its accumulation has created a need for the development of new recycling methods that can further expand the possibilities of recycling. In this paper, we present the application of Lewis acid catalysts for the depolymerization of PET waste. The obtained results show the formation of diisodecyl terephthalate (DIDTP), which is used as a PVC plasticizer. For this purpose, several Lewis acid catalysts were tested, including tin, cobalt, manganese, zirconium, zinc, and calcium derivatives, alongside zinc acetate and potassium hydroxide, which were used as reference catalysts. Our results show that tin (II) oxalate is the most effective catalyst, and it was then used to synthesize two application samples (crude and purified). The physicochemical properties of PVC mixtures with the obtained samples were determined and compared to commercial plasticizers, where both plasticizers had similar plasticizing properties to PVC plasticization.
In Vitro Biological Activities of Paederia grandidieri Leaf Extracts
Authors: Rasoariseheno Faratiana Jenny , Fidanza Nicoletta , Coccia Elena , Ratovomanarivo Dyana Jackson , Sateriale Daniela , Abbatiello Lucia , Pagliarulo Caterina , Filosa Rosanna , Rasoamananjara Jeanne Angelphine , Paolucci Marina
Published: December 2024

In many developing countries, human health problems are solved using local plants. Knowledge of their chemical composition and biological activities can contribute to the creation of natural-based products usefully employed in human health. In this work, we analysed Paederia grandidieri leaves extracted with diverse eco-compatible procedures and subjected to chemical, microbiological, and cellular compatibility assays. Fresh leaves of P. grandidieri were harvested in southern Madagascar, where most of the population relies on P. grandidieri for daily dental care. Leaves were dried and powdered. Distilled water and ethanol at 25 °C and 60 °C from 6 to 24 h were used for extraction. Polyphenol composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial, prebiotic, and cytotoxic properties of the extracts were analysed. The aqueous extracts contained higher levels of flavan-3-ols and flavanones, while the hydro-alcoholic extracts were richer in flavonols and flavones. The aqueous extracts showed the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. The hydro-alcoholic extracts showed antibacterial effects against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two key foodborne and environmental pathogens, while the aqueous extracts showed prebiotic effects against Streptococcus salivarius. The cytotoxic effects of P. grandidieri leaf extracts were evaluated using the MTT assay on mouse fibroblasts (L929 cell line). The most cytotoxic extract was the aqueous extract at 25 °C. Given that P. grandidieri is routinely employed by the southern Madagascar population with healthy and strong teeth with fewer cases of tooth decay with respect to other regions, and in light of the significant chemical and microbiological properties, we maintain that P. grandidieri can be a suitable candidate for the production of pro-health products for the oral cavity. More in-depth studies will ensure a broader picture of the impact of extracts, especially for possible oral use.
2′-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a Natural Product from Cinnamon, Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Rats by Upregulating Cytosolic BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1
Authors: Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Chiang Chih-Yao , Wu Chung-Hsin , Chien Chiang-Ting
Published: December 2024

2′-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA), a natural product isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we explored whether HCA preconditioning could protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced oxidative injury through cytosolic Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) upregulation. In vivo HCA preconditioning was performed intraperitoneally in adult male Wistar rats (50 mg/kg body weight) three times/week for 2 weeks before cardiac I/R injury. The animals were divided into sham control (sham), I/R, and HCA preconditioning plus I/R (HCA+I/R) groups. We examined left ventricular pressure cardiac hemodynamics, the microcirculation, electrocardiograms, infarct size, and oxidative stress and performed Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine array assays. HCA pretreatment, via BAG3 overexpression, inhibited H2O2-induced H9c2 cell death. Cardiac I/R injury increased ST-segment elevation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, infarct size, myocardial disruption, tissue edema, erythrocyte accumulation, leukocyte infiltration, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostane, caspase 3-mediated apoptosis, 4HNE/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis, and fibrosis but decreased the microcirculation, cytosolic BAG3, and Beclin-1/LC3 II-mediated autophagy in the I/R hearts. HCA preconditioning significantly decreased these oxidative injuries by increasing cardiac cytosolic BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. HCA preconditioning significantly decreased cardiac I/R-enhanced mitochondrial fission DRP1 expression. Our data suggest that HCA preconditioning can efficiently improve myocardial I/R injury-induced cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial fission, and autophagy inhibition through cardiac BAG3 and Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation.
First Clinical Application of Aztreonam–Avibactam in Treating Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: Insights from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Simulations
Authors: Hölsken Oliver , Sponheuer Keno , Weber Franz , Martens-Lobenhoffer Jens , Bode-Böger Stefanie M. , Kloft Charlotte , Treskatsch Sascha , Angermair Stefan
Published: December 2024

Background: A novel fixed combination of aztreonam (ATM) and avibactam (AVI) offers promising potential to treat infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of population pharmacokinetic (PK) models for ATM-AVI in predicting in vivo concentrations in a critically ill patient with CRE infection during its first clinical use. Methods: A 70-year-old male with septic shock due to hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by MBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was treated with ATM-AVI. Trough and peak serum concentrations (32 samples over 7 days) were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Population PK models were used to simulate complete concentration–time profiles. Bland–Altman analysis assessed model performance by comparing predicted and measured concentrations. Results: Median ATM trough concentrations (18.4 mg/L) remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/L for the pathogen. The Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated reasonable agreement between predicted and observed concentrations, with a relative bias (rBias) of −50.5% for ATM and −14.4% for AVI. ATM-AVI ratios remained stable. Clinical improvement and sterile blood cultures within 12 days led to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Conclusions: Population PK models for ATM-AVI accurately predicted in vivo concentrations in a severely ill patient with HAP. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with PK modeling ensured optimal antimicrobial exposure and contributed to clinical recovery.
Effects of Long-Term Soil Tillage Practices on Soil Organic C Accumulation Characteristics in Double-Cropped Rice Paddy
Authors: Cheng Kaikai , Peng Shuting , Li Chao , Wen Li , Liu Lingling , Luo Hanfang , Liu Jie , Tang Haiming
Published: December 2024

Unreasonable soil tillage measures have caused a sharp decline in the soil carbon (C) pool capacity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy fields, have reduced soil fertility, and have threatened the safe production of rice. Based on long-term position–location experiments started in 2005, this paper systematically studied the effects of different soil tillage treatments (CT: no return of plowing straw to the field as control; CTS: return of plowing straw to the field; NTS: return of no-tillage straw to the field; RTS: return of rotary plowing straw to the field) on soil physical and chemical properties and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation characteristics in rice paddy fields, in order to clarify the impact of different long-term soil tillage measures on soil carbon cycle microecology in double-cropped rice paddy fields and provide a theoretical basis for soil SOC sequestration and the sustainable utilization of rice paddy fields in double-cropped rice paddy fields in southern China. The results were as follows: A total of 30.7–40.7% of the SOC stored in rice paddy fields was residue C derived from microorganisms, and 45.7–54.2% of SOC accumulation came from plant residue-derived C. Straw return treatments (CTS, RTS, and NTS) significantly increased soil lignin phenol content and promoted the accumulation of plant-derived SOC. Soil lignin phenol content in the RTS treatment was significantly higher than that in the CTS treatment (p < 0.05). Amino sugar content in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The measure of returning straw to the field increased amino sugar content in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. C derived from plants was greater than that from microbial residues in double-cropped rice paddy fields in southern China. Hence, no-till/rotary tillage and straw return can improve the sequestration of soil SOC, which is of great significance for achieving “C neutrality” and alleviating the pressure on food security.
Sustainable Carotenoid Extraction from Macroalgae: Optimizing Microwave-Assisted Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Lopes Andreia , Correia-Sá Luísa , Vieira Mónica , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Soares Cristina , Grosso Clara
Published: December 2024

This study aimed at optimizing carotenoid extraction using the macroalga Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray as a model. Firstly, traditional extraction procedures were employed, using various solvents and temperatures to enhance the extraction conditions. Once the most effective extraction conditions were identified, the study transitioned to a more efficient and environmentally friendly approach, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). By applying a three-parameter (solid-to-solvent ratio, temperature, and time) Box–Behnken design, the optimal extraction conditions were found to be a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1/13.6 g/mL at 60 °C for 15 min. Under these conditions, the predicted and experimental carotenoid contents were 2.94 and 2.12 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the characterization of carotenoids. β-Carotene was the predominant carotenoid in H. elongata, alongside fucoxanthin. The optimized MAE method was applied to other seaweeds, including Fucus vesiculosus L., Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & Farnham, and Eiseinia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell. Among all, F. vesiculosus exhibited the highest carotenoid content compared to the others. This study concludes that MAE under optimized conditions is an effective and sustainable approach for carotenoid extraction, providing significant yields of bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and fucoxanthin, which have promising applications in enhancing human health and nutrition.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Based on Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels During First and Second Trimesters of Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes: Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Mi Ju , Park Suyeon , Choi Sooran , Hong Subeen , Sung Ji-Hee , Seol Hyun-Joo , Lee Joon Ho , Kim Seung Cheol , Choi Sae-Kyoung , Kwon Ji Young , Lee Seung Mi , Lee Se Jin , Hwang Han-Sung , Lee Gi Su , Park Hyun Soo , Lee Soo-Jeong , Cho Geum Joon , Bae Jin-Gon , Seong Won Joon , Ko Hyun Sun
Published: December 2024

This study compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and assessed maternal and neonatal outcomes according to HbA1c variations among women with pregestational diabetes. This retrospective, multicenter Korean study involved mothers with diabetes who had given birth in 17 hospitals. A total of 292 women were divided into three groups based on HbA1c levels during the first and second trimesters: women with HbA1c levels maintained at <6.5% (well-controlled [WC] group); women with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (poorly-controlled [PC] group); and women with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% in the first trimester but <6.5% in the second trimester (improved-control [IC] group). The PC group had the highest pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH) incidence, while the incidence did not significantly differ between the WC and IC groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that HbA1c in the second trimester could predict PAH with a cut-off value of 5.7%. The PC versus WC versus IC group showed statistically significantly higher neonatal birthweight and significantly higher rates of large for gestational age (LGA); however, those were not significantly different between the WC and IC groups. HbA1c levels in the second trimester could predict LGA, with a cut-off value of 5.4%. Therefore, the second trimester HbA1c levels were significantly associated with both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Advances in Topical Therapies for Clinically Relevant and Prevalent Forms of Alopecia
Authors: Parikh Aarushi K. , Tan Isabella J. , Wolfe Sydney M. , Cohen Bernard A.
Published: December 2024

Alopecia encompasses diverse conditions that vary by etiology, progression, and clinical presentation, including androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and scarring alopecias such as lichen planopilaris and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Managing these conditions requires tailored therapeutic approaches, with topical treatments emerging as effective first-line interventions. This literature review examines topical therapies across alopecia types, assessing mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles to guide evidence-based clinical practice. Methods involved a comprehensive search across PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, focusing on clinical research published within the past five years. Articles were screened based on relevance to alopecia management, excluding abstracts, non-English studies, and ongoing research. Topics covered include commonly used agents such as minoxidil, corticosteroids, and emerging options like Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Topicals for trichotillomania, such as capsaicin and numbing creams, are highlighted for their behavioral conditioning potential, while treatments like minoxidil and adenosine are explored for telogen effluvium. Findings indicate that topicals provide symptom relief, promote hair regrowth, and often serve as adjuncts to systemic therapies. Minoxidil and corticosteroids demonstrate efficacy in multiple alopecia types, while JAK inhibitors show promise in alopecia areata. This review underscores the value of topical treatments in alopecia management and highlights areas for future research, advocating for individualized approaches to enhance therapeutic outcomes in patients experiencing hair loss.
Evaluation of Peripheral Circulatory Changes Following Hydrotherapy and Controlled Physical Training in Patients with Atherosclerotic Lower Limb Ischemia
Authors: Kapusta Joanna , Kapusta Anna , Babicki Mateusz , Irzmański Robert
Published: December 2024

Numerous studies highlight the significant role of exercise therapy in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), emphasizing how regular physical exercise enhances vascular endothelial function and promotes metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscles, ultimately improving walking performance. There are currently discussions in the medical world on optimizing noninvasive therapy to prevent the development of lower limb ischemia. This study aimed to assess the impact of a supervised training program combined with whirlpool massage treatment on improving peripheral circulation and physical performance in patients suffering from peripheral artery disease. Methods: One hundred participants (both male and female) aged between 39 and 79 years old (60.0 ± 11.6) were included in the analysis, all diagnosed with peripheral circulation disorders. The participants were assigned to two groups. The study group received 10 whirlpool treatments of the lower limbs and a personalized training program. The control group only participated in the training sessions. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included impedance plethysmography and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: Assessing the results of local flow parameters, after the procedures, a statistically significant increase in the pulse wave amplitude (PAmpl, p < 0.001) and systolic slope (PSlope, p < 0.001) values was found, as well as a statistically significant decrease in the crest time (CT, p < 0.001) and propagation time (PT, p = 0.007) values in the study group, which indicates an improvement in blood flow in the peripheral circulation. Also, in the 6 min walk test, a statistically significant increase in the walking distance was noted in the study group after the procedures. Conclusions: Physical training, combined with whirlpool massage treatment, has a beneficial effect on improving peripheral blood flow assessed by impedance plethysmography, as well as patients’ tolerance to physical exercise. The inclusion of hydrotherapy as part of cardiovascular rehabilitation protocols in patients with peripheral ischemia is a promising form of conservative treatment.
Soluble P-Selectin as an Indicator of Cutaneous Microangiopathy in Uncomplicated Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Neubauer-Geryk Jolanta , Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Zorena Katarzyna , Bieniaszewski Leszek
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between cutaneous microcirculation reactivity, retinal circulation, macrocirculation function, and specific adhesion molecules in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Fifty-five patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), aged 8 to 18 years, were divided into subgroups based on skin microcirculation reactivity. The cutaneous microcirculatory vessels were considered reactive if post-test PORH coverage increased compared to pre-test coverage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was conducted to detect early retinopathic changes. Macrocirculation was described using pulsatility indices (PIs) determined for common carotid (CCA) and peripheral arteries of the upper and lower limbs. The ankle–brachial index was also assessed. There were no significant differences in retinal circulation and macrocirculation between the studied subgroups. However, there were significant differences between the various subgroups concerning the age at onset of diabetes and the sP-selectin levels but not ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. The sP-selectin differences remained true after adjusting for age at onset. The sP-selectin level was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with non-reactive cutaneous microcirculation. The results of our study indicate that sP-selectin may be considered as an immunological marker for cutaneous abnormalities, which serve as an early indicator of endothelial dysfunction in young patients with type 1 diabetes in the absence of classical complication.
Integrated Analysis of Polymerase Family Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Features, Prognosis, and Bioinformatics Insights
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Wang Chaoban , Tang Wenhao , Gao Ju , Guo Xia
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The long-term prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is challenging due to limited understanding of the molecular markers involved in its development. This study investigates the role of DNA polymerases in AML to offer new insights for diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study on pediatric AML patients with POL gene family mutations from 2021 to 2024 was conducted. Patients were categorized based on risk stratification criteria, and the DAH regimen was used for induction chemotherapy. Bioinformatics analysis integrated data from various databases to identify key genes and develop survival analysis plots and AUC curves. Results: The study included 59 pediatric AML patients, revealing no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between those with and without POL family gene mutations. However, patients with POL gene mutations showed higher complete remission rates after initial DAH chemotherapy (91.67% vs. 59.57%, p = 0.03607), indicating a potential treatment benefit. High expression of four POL genes (POLD1, POLE, POLG, and POLQ) in bone marrow and immune cells suggests their crucial role in hematopoiesis and immune response. Survival analysis across different datasets indicated that AML patients with overexpressed POL family genes had significantly worse outcomes, proposing these genes as potential prognostic biomarkers for AML. Conclusions: This study on pediatric AML demonstrates that POL gene family mutations are associated with higher remission rates post-chemotherapy, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Bioinformatics analysis emphasizes the significance of these mutations in AML, highlighting their impact on disease prognosis.
Thermo-Physical Properties of Hexavalent Tungsten W6+-Doped Ta-Based Ceramics for Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coating Materials
Authors: Zhang Manyu , Wang Guangchi , Wang Jun , Zhao Zifan
Published: December 2024

The CaTa0.8WO6 ceramic was fabricated by a solid-state reaction for thermal/environmental barrier coating (Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coating) applications, and the microstructures, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The result showed CaTa0.8WO6 has a lower thermal conductivity (1.05 W·m−1·K−1 at 900 °C) than 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia and the doped Ta-based ceramics with Mg2+, Yb3+, Zr4+ and Nb5+, indicating that hexavalent tungsten element W6+ doping effectively reduces thermal conductivity and improves thermal insulation performance of Ta-based ceramics. The thermal expansion rates curve without inflection points resulting from phase transition indicates that CaTa0.8WO6 has excellent high-temperature phase stability. Since the Young’s modulus and Pugh’s ratio of CaTa0.8WO6 ceramics were lower than those of various valence states doping Ta-based ceramics, which means that CaTa0.8WO6 has better damage tolerance.
Research Progress of Metal Additive Manufacturing Technology and Application in Space: A Review
Authors: Su Xunzuo , Zhang Peilei , Huang Yuze
Published: December 2024

Metal additive manufacturing in space is a cutting-edge technology that is designed to meet the needs of space exploration and space station construction. This technology is capable of customizing and repairing key metallic parts in a space microgravity environment, providing the feasibility for long-term space tasks. It enables astronauts to perform on-site repairs and replace broken parts, significantly reducing the risk of mission failure on the International Space Station or during future deep space missions. Further, this technique opens new possibilities for constructing space bases by directly utilizing the materials from space, thereby reducing reliance on Earth’s resources. However, metal additive manufacturing in space faces challenges due to the unclear underlying mechanisms that lie in (I) the significant differences in the melting behaviors of materials in a space microgravity environment compared to those on Earth; and (II) extreme environmental factors, i.e., radiation and temperature fluctuations, that influence the metal additive manufacturing process and, consequently, the properties of the manufactured materials. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of those mechanisms underlying metal additive manufacturing in space, based on published works. Emphasis is placed on aluminum, titanium, iron, and copper-based metals. Our work may offer valuable guidance for reducing mission costs, improving safety, and enabling the on-demand production of complex components in the harsh environment of space by using metal additive manufacturing.
Optimization of Process Parameters and Microstructure of CoCrFeNiTiAl High-Performance High-Entropy Alloy Coating
Authors: Jiang Bingchun , Huang Zhu , Liu Cunyu , Wang Huipeng , Shu Fengyuan , Zhao Yuncai , Lei Heping
Published: December 2024

CoCrFeNiTiAl high-entropy alloy coatings have been prepared by laser cladding technology based on response surface methodology (RSM). The results show that the effects of laser power, cladding speed, and pulse width on the dilution rate and microhardness of the high-entropy alloy coatings are investigated. Among the single-factor results, the laser power has the most significant effect on the properties of high-entropy alloy coatings, followed by the cladding speed, while the pulse width has no significant effect. In the interaction term analysis, the interaction term of laser power and pulse width has a remarkable effect on both output responses, whereas the interaction term of pulse width and cladding speed only has a considerable effect on microhardness, while the interaction term of laser power and cladding speed has an insignificant effect on both output responses. The optimum parameters for the preparation of high-performance high-entropy alloy coatings are found at laser power P = 676.73 W, cladding speed V = 5 mm/s, and pulse width P0 = 9 ms. The microstructures of the high-entropy alloy coating prepared with optimal process parameters have been characterized, which show that the metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate is strong and without obvious defects such as porosity and cracks.
Recent Advances in Micro- and Nanorobot-Assisted Colorimetric and Fluorescence Platforms for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Selva Sharma Arumugam , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: December 2024

Micro- and nanorobots (MNRs) have attracted significant interest owing to their promising applications in various fields, including environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and microengineering. This review explores advances in the synthetic routes used for the preparation of MNRs, focusing on both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Although the top-down approach dominates the field because of its versatility in design and functionality, bottom-up strategies that utilize template-assisted electrochemical deposition and bioconjugation present unique advantages in terms of biocompatibility. This review investigates the diverse propulsion mechanisms employed in MNRs, including magnetic, electric, light, and biological forces, which enable efficient navigation in various fluidic environments. The interplay between the synthesis and propulsion mechanisms of MNRs in the development of colorimetric and fluorescence detection platforms is emphasized. Additionally, we summarize the recent advancements in MNRs as sensing and biosensing platforms, particularly focusing on colorimetric and fluorescence-based detection systems. By utilizing the controlled motion of MNRs, dynamic changes in the fluorescent signals and colorimetric responses can be achieved, thereby enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of biomolecular detection. This review highlights the transformative potential of MNRs in sensing applications and emphasizes their role in advancing diagnostic technologies through innovative motion-driven signal transduction mechanisms. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the primary challenges currently faced in MNR research, along with our perspective on the future applications of MNR-assisted colorimetric and fluorescence biosensing in chemical and biological sensing. Moreover, issues related to enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and integration with existing detection systems are discussed.
Enhanced Drive Current in 10 nm Channel Length Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor Using Ultrathin Strained Si/SiGe Channel
Authors: Yugender Potaraju , Dhar Rudra Sankar , Nanda Swagat , Kumar Kuleen , Sakthivel Pandurengan , Thirumurugan Arun
Published: December 2024

The continuous scaling down of MOSFETs is one of the present trends in semiconductor devices to increase device performance. Nevertheless, with scaling down beyond 22 nm technology, the performance of even the newer nanodevices with multi-gate architecture declines with an increase in short channel effects (SCEs). Consequently, to facilitate further increases in the drain current, the use of strained silicon technology provides a better solution. Thus, the development of a novel Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor (GAAFET) incorporating a strained silicon channel with a 10 nm gate length is initiated and discussed. In this device, strain is incorporated in the channel, where a strained silicon germanium layer is wedged between two strained silicon layers. The GAAFET device has four gates that surround the channel to provide improved control of the gate over the strained channel region and also reduce the short channel effects in the devices. The electrical properties, such as the on current, off current, threshold voltage (VTH), subthreshold slope, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and Ion/Ioff current ratio, of the 10 nm channel length GAAFET are compared with the 22 nm strained silicon channel GAAFET, the existing SOI FinFET device on 10 nm gate length, and IRDS 2022 specifications device. The developed 10 nm channel length GAAFET, having an ultrathin strained silicon channel, delivers enriched device performance, being augmented in contrast to the IRDS 2022 specifications device, showing improved characteristics along with amended SCEs.