bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the mangle of teaching oxidation–reduction with the VisChem approach: problematising symbolic traditions that undermine chemistry concept development
Authors: Wu Meng-Yang M. , Yezierski Ellen J.
Published: March 2023

Specific to the topic of oxidation–reduction (redox), teachers are obligated by the discipline to prioritise symbolic traditions such as writing equations, documenting oxidation states, and describing changes (e.g., what undergoes oxidation/reduction). Although the chemistry education research community endorses connecting the vertices of Johnstone's triangle, how symbolic traditions undermine chemistry concept development, especially during lesson planning and teaching, is underexplored. To clarify this gap, we use the Mangle of Practice framework to unpack the clash between symbolicvs.particulate-focused instruction. We investigate teachers’ (n= 3) co-planning and micro-teaching of a redox learning design at the VisChem Institute-2 using a narrative approach and video research methods. Our results show that the traditions of redox instruction are problematically entrenched in chemistry symbols. Mnemonics, the single replacement reaction scheme, and the written net ionic equation all constrain instruction focused on chemical mechanism and causality in various ways. We assert that the nature of redox knowledge in terms of what is worth teaching and learning must first be re-evaluated for reform-based efforts to succeed. Implications and suggestions for chemistry teaching and research at both secondary and tertiary levels are discussed.
A co-formulated vaccine of irradiated cancer cells and cowpea mosaic virus improves ovarian cancer rejection
Authors: Zhao Zhongchao , Ortega-Rivera Oscar A. , Chung Young Hun , Simms Andrea , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: March 2023

Cowpea mosaic virus adjuvants bind to irradiated cancer cells (ICCs) – the co-delivery of ICCs (the antigen) and CPMV (the adjuvant) demonstrates potent efficacy as a vaccine that protects mice from ovarian tumor challenge.
Deeper mechanistic insights into epitaxial nickelate electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kiens Ellen M. , Choi Min-Ju , Wei Luhan , Lu Qiyang , Wang Le , Baeumer Christoph
Published: March 2023

Epitaxial oxide thin films enable electrocatalyst design, e.g. for the oxygen evolution reaction, based on atomic-level structure–property–functionality relationships.
Metal–oxide interactions modulating the activity of active oxygen species on atomically dispersed silver catalysts
Authors: Li Rongtan , Liu Conghui , Fan Yamei , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe
Published: March 2023

The nature of active oxygen species on atomically dispersed Ag catalysts can be effectively adjusted by metal–support interactions using different oxide supports, thus affecting the activity and selectivity of catalytic oxidation reactions.
Homogeneous voltammetric sensing strategy for lead ions based on aptamer gated methylthionine chloride@UiO-66-NH2 framework as smart target-stimulated responsive nanomaterial
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhou Ruiyong , Zhang Conglin , Yi Yinhui , Zhu Gangbing
Published: March 2023

An innovative homogeneous voltammetric sensing strategy for lead ions is proposed using a aptamer gated methylthionine chloride@UIO-66-NH2 framework as a smart target-stimulated responsive nanomaterial.
Rose-shaped VS2nanosheets as cathode materials for rechargeable zinc ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Shiqi , Liu Yi , Wu Xiang
Published: March 2023

We synthesized rose-shaped VS2nanosheets as electrode materials through a facile hydrothermal route. They possess a specific capacity of 199.76 mA h g−1at 0.1 A g−1and 169.86 mA h g−1at 0.5 A g−1.
Recent advances in modelling core-electron spectroscopy
Authors: Rehr John J. , Prendergast David , Lischner Johannes
Published: March 2023

This themed collection includes a series of articles on recent advances in theory, software, and analysis tools for modelling core-electron spectroscopy.
Dehydrogenation reaction of triethylamine by an electrophilic terminal phosphinidene complex
Authors: Khan Arif Ali , Kalisch Tim , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: March 2023

A highly reactive, transiently formed terminal phosphinidene complex reacts with triethylamine to form a primary phosphane complex, eventually. The dehydrogenation is explained by a detailed, DFT-based mechanistic proposal.
Speeding up sustainable solution-phase peptide synthesis using T3P® as a green coupling reagent: methods and challenges
Authors: Mattellone Alexia , Corbisiero Dario , Ferrazzano Lucia , Cantelmi Paolo , Martelli Giulia , Palladino Chiara , Tolomelli Alessandra , Cabri Walter
Published: March 2023

A fast and greensolution-phase peptide synthesis (GSolPPS) via continuous protocol, addressed with propylphosphonic anhydride T3P® as coupling reagent and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protecting group easily removed by hydrogenation is herein reported.
Pumpless deterministic lateral displacement separation using a paper capillary wick
Authors: Aghajanloo Behrouz , Ejeian Fatemeh , Frascella Francesca , Marasso Simone L. , Cocuzza Matteo , Tehrani Alireza Fadaei , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Inglis David W.
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate a highly efficient DLD separation device and process that is driven by a paper wick yet allows direct collection of products from reservoirs.
Under-oil open microfluidic systems for rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Authors: Li Chao , McCrone Sue , Warrick Jay W. , Andes David R. , Hite Zachary , Volk Cecilia F. , Rose Warren E. , Beebe David J.
Published: March 2023

Under-oil open microfluidic systems (UOMS)-antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) integrated with a cloud lab technique provides a versatile platform for rapid phenotypic AST with a sample-to-report turnaround time in around 4 h.
S- and Cl-functionalized Nb2C MXenes as novel anode materials for sodium-ion batteries: a first-principles study
Authors: Yan Tongxin , Xiao Meixia , Song Haiyang , Lv Ying , Li Zhao , Xiao Beibei
Published: March 2023

The atomic structures and electrochemical properties of surface-functionalized Nb2C MXenes with Na-ion adsorption for novel anode materials in sodium-ion batteries were investigated using first-principles calculations.
A self-adhesive, self-healing and antibacterial hydrogel based on PVA/MXene-Ag/sucrose for fast-response, high-sensitivity and ultra-durable strain sensors
Authors: Li Chenxing , Zheng Ao , Zhou Jiayi , Huang Wenwei , Zhang Yan , Han Jingxuan , Cao Lingyan , Yang Dongye
Published: March 2023

Flexible hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention due to their broad applications in soft robots, healthcare monitoring, and electronic skins.
Galvanic replacement-induced introduction of a heteroligand into bimetallic and trimetallic nanoclusters
Authors: Liao Jian-Hong , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Liang Hao , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: March 2023

A synthetic route for introducing phosphine ligands into dithiolate-protected nanoclusters via a galvanic reaction with concomitant structural modifications and the same electron count.
Antimicrobial polyketides and sesquiterpene lactones from the deep-sea cold-seep-derived fungus Talaromyces minioluteus CS-113 triggered by the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA
Authors: Yang Sui-Qun , Song Qi , Li Xiao-Ming , Li Xin , Li Hong-Lei , Meng Ling-Hong , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: March 2023

First report of the chemical diversity study of deep-sea cold-seep-derived fungi triggered by the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA.
Oxidative cross-coupling of quinoxalinones with indoles enabled by acidochromism
Authors: Huang Jie , Wang Long , Tang Xiang-Ying
Published: March 2023

We report a new gate for changing photo inactive compounds into photocatalysts with easy operation, good tolerance of functional groups, and considerable yield. We demonstrate the synthesis of the natural products Azacephalandole A and Cephalandole A in high yields.
Covalent functionalization of graphene sheets for plasmid DNA delivery: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Assali Mohyeddin , Kittana Naim , Badran Ismail , Omari Safa
Published: March 2023

Graphene sheets were functionalized covalently with an appropriate linker as a novel vector for p-DNA delivery into mammalian cells. The transfected cancer cells produced green fluorescence as an indicator of successful gene delivery.
Retraction: Polyethylene glycol-doped BiZn2VO6 as a high-efficiency solar-light-activated photocatalyst with substantial durability toward photodegradation of organic contaminations
Authors: Pirhashemi Mahsa , Elhag Sami , Habibi-Yangjeh Aziz , Pozina Galia , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: March 2023

Retraction of ‘Polyethylene glycol-doped BiZn2VO6 as a high-efficiency solar-light-activated photocatalyst with substantial durability toward photodegradation of organic contaminations’ by Mahsa Pirhashemi et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 37480–37491, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA06896H.
γ-CD-MOF-derived heterostructures as bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries
Authors: Chai Ruirui , Sang Xinxin , Ou Shiguo , Li Jiahao , Song Junling , Wang Dawei
Published: March 2023

γ-CD-MOF-derived Co–N,O–C@C3N4 was designed as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries.
Facet-dependent optical and electrical properties of SrTiO3 wafers
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Chen Zong-Li , Jena Satyaranjan , Huang Michael H.
Published: March 2023

Intrinsic {111} and {100} SrTiO3 wafers with {110} side faces present a distinct color difference. Large electrical conductivity differences are also observed for these faces to produce current-rectifying responses.
Correction: Recent advances in single crystal narrow band-gap semiconductor nanomembranes and their flexible optoelectronic device applications: Ge, GeSn, InGaAs, and 2D materials
Authors: An† Shu , Park† HyunJung , Kim Munho
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Recent advances in single crystal narrow band-gap semiconductor nanomembranes and their flexible optoelectronic device applications: Ge, GeSn, InGaAs, and 2D materials’ by Shu An et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2023, 11, 2430–2448, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc05041b.
Site IQ in mitochondrial complex I generates S1QEL-sensitive superoxide/hydrogen peroxide in both the reverse and forward reactions
Authors: Gibbs Edwin T. , Lerner Chad A. , Watson Mark A. , Wong Hoi-Shan , Gerencser Akos A. , Brand Martin D.
Published: March 2023

Superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by site IQ in complex I of the electron transport chain is conventionally assayed during reverse electron transport (RET) from ubiquinol to NAD. However, S1QELs (specific suppressors of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by site IQ) have potent effects in cells and in vivo during presumed forward electron transport (FET). Therefore, we tested whether site IQ generates S1QEL-sensitive superoxide/hydrogen peroxide during FET (site IQf), or alternatively, whether RET and associated S1QEL-sensitive superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production (site IQr) occurs in cells under normal conditions. We introduce an assay to determine if electron flow through complex I is thermodynamically forward or reverse: on blocking electron flow through complex I, the endogenous matrix NAD pool will become more reduced if flow before the challenge was forward, but more oxidised if flow was reverse. Using this assay we show in the model system of isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria that superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by site IQ can be equally great whether RET or FET is running. We show that sites IQr and IQf are equally sensitive to S1QELs, and to rotenone and piericidin A, inhibitors that block the Q-site of complex I. We exclude the possibility that some sub-fraction of the mitochondrial population running site IQr during FET is responsible for S1QEL-sensitive superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by site IQ. Finally, we show that superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by site IQ in cells occurs during FET, and is S1QEL-sensitive.
A distributed approach to robust minimum variance distortionless response beamforming in large‐scale arrays
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Jingran , Wu Xuehan , Pan Ye
Published: March 2023

Robust beamforming is a commonly‐used solution to various array processing problems. Recently, with the inevitable and rapid increasing of array size, the complexity issue arising from high‐dimension matrix computations has become an urgent concern in algorithm design. In this paper, an efficient distributed robust beamforming algorithm is developed for large‐scale arrays. Specifically, the problem of robust minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming with sidelobe level control is considered. By fitting the worst‐case reformulation of robust MVDR beamforming into the framework of alternating direction method of multipliers, the problem can be iteratively solved in a distributed manner, with each iteration being computed in closed form. Numerical results demonstrate that this design is more efficient than many related approaches.
KGCN‐LSTM: A graph convolutional network considering knowledge fusion of point of interest for vehicle trajectory prediction
Authors: Chen Juan , Fan Daiqian , Qian Xinran , Mei Lanxiao
Published: March 2023

Urban vehicle trajectory prediction positively alleviates traffic congestion, avoids traffic accidents, and optimizes the urban transportation system. Since taxi trajectories are influenced by the driving intention, it is significant to consider the Points of Interest (POI) as the spatial features for trajectory prediction. A Knowledge Graph Convolutional Network Long Short‐Term Memory (KGCN‐LSTM) model is proposed here to improve the accuracy and robustness of trajectory prediction. POI information is considered as the prior‐knowledge of the trajectory by the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Under multiple comparison experiments, Shopping POI gains the highest positive effect weight of 15% in holidays, and Hospital POI gains the highest weight of 16% in working days. In holidays, higher accuracy and robustness are achieved compared with benchmarks when performing the KGCN‐LSTM model with POI of shopping, food, life service, scenic spots, and entertainment classes, while the performance is not improved with the rest of the POI classes. In working days, higher accuracy and stronger robustness are achieved compared with benchmarks when performing the KGCN‐LSTM model with POI of hospital, life service, and exercise. While the performance is not improved with the rest of the POI classes.
Markov chain modelling of ordered Rayleigh fading channels in non‐orthogonal multiple access wireless networks
Authors: Chen Yunpei , Zhang Dan , Zhu Qi
Published: March 2023

A first‐order finite‐state Markov chain (FSMC) typically models the Rayleigh fading channel in the open literature because the first‐order FSMC is analytically tractable and can derive closed‐form results. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognised as a novel wireless technology that addresses challenges in the next generation of mobile communications. According to the power‐domain NOMA protocol, channels in the NOMA wireless network are sorted by the channel gain. Then considering NOMA, there is insufficient information on how to further form a suitable model for ordered Rayleigh fading channels based on the first‐order FSMC. Given the mathematical statement on how to model the order statistics of multidimensional Markov chains for ordered Rayleigh fading channels, the authors consider these order statistics as a Markov chain, and propose specific processes of representing the state space and constructing the transition probability matrix accordingly. Numerical and simulation results validate the mathematical correctness and accuracy of these novel processes. In addition, for ordered Rayleigh fading channels, the performances of various methods of partitioning the entire signal‐to‐noise ratio range are compared. The performance comparison results are the same as those obtained for the individual unordered Rayleigh fading channel.
Parametric study of the kinematic evolution of coronal mass ejection shock waves and their relation to flaring activity
Authors: Jarry Manon , Rouillard Alexis P. , Plotnikov Illya , Kouloumvakos Athanasios , Warmuth Alexander
Published: March 2023

Context.Coronal and interplanetary shock waves produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are major drivers of space-weather phenomena, inducing major changes in the heliospheric radiation environment and directly perturbing the near-Earth environment, including its magnetosphere. A better understanding of how these shock waves evolve from the corona to the interplanetary medium can therefore contribute to improving nowcasting and forecasting of space weather. Early warnings from these shock waves can come from radio measurements as well as coronagraphic observations that can be exploited to characterise the dynamical evolution of these structures.

Aims.Our aim is to analyse the geometrical and kinematic properties of 32 CME shock waves derived from multi-point white-light and ultraviolet imagery taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO), and Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) to improve our understanding of how shock waves evolve in 3D during the eruption of a CME. We use our catalogue to search for relations between the shock wave’s kinematic properties and the flaring activity associated with the underlying genesis of the CME piston.

Methods.Past studies have shown that shock waves observed from multiple vantage points can be aptly reproduced geometrically by simple ellipsoids. The catalogue of reconstructed shock waves provides the time-dependent evolution of these ellipsoidal parameters. From these parameters, we deduced the lateral and radial expansion speeds of the shocks evolving over time. We compared these kinematic properties with those obtained from a single viewpoint by SoHO in order to evaluate projection effects. Finally, we examined the relationships between the shock wave and the associated flare when the latter was observed on the disc by considering the measurements of soft and hard X-rays.

Results.We find that at around 25 solar radii (R⊙), the shape of a shock wave is very spherical, with a ratio between the lateral and radial dimensions (minor radii) remaining at aroundb/a ≈ 1.03 and a radial to lateral speed ratio (VR/VL)≈1.44. The CME starts to slow down a few tens of minutes after the first acceleration and then propagates at a nearly constant speed. We revisit past studies that show a relation between the CME speed and the soft X-ray emission of the flare measured by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and extend them to higher flare intensities and shock speeds. The time lag between the peak of the flare and of the CME speed is up to a few tens of minutes. We find that for several well-observed shock onsets, a clear correlation is visible between the derivative of the soft X-ray flux and the acceleration of the shock wave.
An overview of HMI off-disk flare observations
Authors: Fremstad D. , Guevara Gómez J. C. , Hudson H. , Martínez Oliveros J. C.
Published: March 2023

Context. White-light continuum observations of solar flares often have coronal counterparts, including the classical ‘white-light prominence’ (WLP) phenomenon.

Aims. Coronal emissions by flares, seen in the white-light continuum, have only rarely been reported. We seek to use modern data to understand the morphology of WLP events.

Methods. We have identified a set of 14 examples of WLPs detected by the Heliospheric and Magnetic Imager (HMI) experiment on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite using a new online catalogue that covers 2011–2017. These WLPs invariably accompanied white-light flare (WLF) emission from the lower atmosphere from flares near the limb, as identified by hard X-ray images from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). HMI provides full Stokes information, and we have used the linear polarisations (Q and U) to distinguish Thomson scattering from cool material.

Results. The event morphologies fit roughly into three categories – ejection, loop, and spike – but many events show multiple phenomena.

Conclusions. The coronal white-light continuum, observed by HMI analogously to the observations made by a coronagraph, reveals many examples of coronal emission and dynamics. Using the Stokes linear polarisation, we estimate the masses of hot coronal plasma in 11 of the 14 events and find them to be similar to typical coronal-mass-ejection masses, but without exceeding 1015 g. We note that the HMI observations do not occult the bright solar disk and were not designed for coronal observations, resulting in relatively low signal-to-noise ratios. We therefore believe that future such observations with better optimisation will be even more fruitful.
Validation of the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code for reactor dosimetry applications
Authors: Dorval Eric
Published: March 2023

The verification and validation (V&V) of the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code for 3-D reactor dosimetry applications is being carried out at VTT. Two code-to-code computational benchmark cases were calculated by MCNP and Serpent 2. The computational efficiency of different variance reduction techniques was appraised. The validation part currently includes two experimental benchmarks from the SINBAD database: the Pool Critical Assembly-Pressure Vessel Facility (PCA); and the H.B. Robinson-2 (HBR-2) Pressure Vessel Dosimetry Benchmark. All simulations replicate the benchmark source specifications at pin level thanks to the development of a flexible, geometry-independent, fixed source definition for reactor dosimetry applications. Good agreement was found in all benchmark cases.
Method for calculating delayed gamma-ray response in the ACRR Central Cavity using MCNP
Authors: Moreno Melissa , Parma Edward
Published: March 2023

This document presents the process for a new method developed for the characterization of the delayed gamma-ray radiation fields in pulse reactors like the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR). The environments used to test this method in the ACRR Central Cavity were various standard irradiation configurations that used various amounts of moderators and shielding. All environment configurations used the same fission product gamma-ray source energy spectrum. This method required the use of fission sites recorded in the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) KCODE source tape. A FORTRAN script was written to translate and extract the coordinates for the fission sites. The fission sites were then input into an MCNP source mode input file. Using a MATLAB script, a parametric analysis was performed and determined that 10K fission sites are an appropriate number of coordinates to converge to the correct answer. The method gave excellent results as compared to previous methods. This method can be applied to other pulse research reactors as well.
Validation of Neutron Flux and Activation in the Nagra AMAC model of the Mühleberg Power Plant
Authors: Bykov Valentyn , Volmert Ben , Pelloux Sylvain , Neukäter Erwin
Published: March 2023

The decommissioning of the Mühleberg Nuclear Power Plant (KKM) is supported by Nagra (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste) through computational analysis of neutron activation in the reactor components and structures using the Nagra Advanced Methodology for Activation Characterization (AMAC). To validate these calculations, measurements of neutron flux and neutron-induced activity were carried out in the form of two foil activation campaigns (72 samples) and three concrete sampling campaigns (118 samples). Generally, the ratio of calculated to measured activities is in the order of 2 in the proximity of the reactor pressure vessel and 3 in the upper sections of the drywell. As expected, the flux in the lower (spherical) part of the drywell is significantly overestimated due to the simplified modelling of this space. The overestimation, which ratios of up to 10, can be corrected by scaling the calculated radionuclide activity distributions in the vicinity of the validation locations.
Photon-Counting Computed Tomography – Basic Principles, Potenzial Benefits, and Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Stein Thomas , Rau Alexander , Russe Maximilian Frederik , Arnold Philipp , Faby Sebastian , Ulzheimer Stefan , Weis Meike , Froelich Matthias F. , Overhoff Daniel , Horger Marius , Hagen Florian , Bongers Malte , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schönberg Stefan O. , Bamberg Fabian , Weiß Jakob
Published: March 2023

Background Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is a promising new technology with the potential to fundamentally change today’s workflows in the daily routine and to provide new quantitative imaging information to improve clinical decision-making and patient management.

Method The content of this review is based on an unrestricted literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms “Photon-Counting CT”, “Photon-Counting detector”, “spectral CT”, “Computed Tomography” as well as on the authors’ experience.

Results The fundamental difference with respect to the currently established energy-integrating CT detectors is that PCCT allows counting of every single photon at the detector level. Based on the identified literature, PCCT phantom measurements and initial clinical studies have demonstrated that the new technology allows improved spatial resolution, reduced image noise, and new possibilities for advanced quantitative image postprocessing.

Conclusion For clinical practice, the potential benefits include fewer beam hardening artifacts, radiation dose reduction, and the use of new contrast agents. In this review, we will discuss basic technical principles and potential clinical benefits and demonstrate first clinical use cases.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials of Screening for Atrial Fibrillation to Prevent Stroke
Authors:   The AF SCREEN and AFFECT-EU Collaborators
Published: March 2023

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke. Timely diagnosis of AF and treatment with oral anticoagulation (OAC) can prevent up to two-thirds of AF-related strokes. Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring can identify undiagnosed AF in at-risk individuals, but the impact of population-based ECG screening on stroke is uncertain, as ongoing and published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally been underpowered for stroke.

Methods and analysis The AF-SCREEN Collaboration, with support from AFFECT-EU, have begun a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating ECG screening for AF. The primary outcome is stroke. Secondary outcomes include AF detection, OAC prescription, hospitalization, mortality, and bleeding.

After developing a common data dictionary, anonymized data will be collated from individual trials into a central database. We will assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and overall quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

We will pool data using random effects models. Prespecified subgroup and multilevel meta-regression analyses will explore heterogeneity. We will perform prespecified trial sequential meta-analyses of published trials to determine when the optimal information size has been reached, and account for unpublished trials using the SAMURAI approach.

Impact and Dissemination Individual participant data meta-analysis will generate adequate power to assess the risks and benefits of AF screening. Meta-regression will permit exploration of the specific patient, screening methodology, and health system factors that influence outcomes.

Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42022310308.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Nasopharynx Carcinoma
Authors: Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Agarwal Vivek , Jain Chirag , Vyas Sameer , Kumar Jyoti , Singh Paramjeet
Published: March 2023

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma originating from lining of the nasopharyngeal mucosa usually at the fossa of Rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess). An early detection on endoscopy can be rewarding, however, often difficult as the tumor at the pharyngeal recess is hidden from the endoscopic view. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography–computed tomography form the backbone of detection and spread of the carcinoma into local and distant regions. These modalities help further characterize the precise locoregional infiltration and lymph nodal involvement which aids in the planning of the surgery/chemoradiotherapy. They also help in the follow-up evaluation and further management strategies. Many research and treatment groups namely American Joint Committee on Cancer, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, European Society of Radiology (iGuide), Indian Radiological & Imaging Association/Indian College of Radiology and Imaging, National Cancer Grid, etc. have devised guidelines for the optimal assessment and treatment of NPC. The present document aims at providing a comprehensive review of the clinicoradiological recommendations for the diagnosis and management of NPC based on these guidelines as well as personalized experience of the contributors.
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hereditary Malignancies
Authors: Majithia Jinita , Mahajan Abhishek , Vaish Richa , Prakash Gagan , Patwardhan Saket , Sarin Rajiv
Published: March 2023

Hereditary cancer syndromes, characterized by genetically distinct neoplasms developing in specific organs in more than one family members, predispose an individual to early onset of distinct site-specific tumors. Early age of onset, multiorgan involvement, multiple and bilateral tumors, advanced disease at presentation, and aggressive tumor histology are few characteristic features of hereditary cancer syndromes. A multidisciplinary approach to hereditary cancers has led to a paradigm shift in the field of preventive oncology and precision medicine. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the screening, testing, and follow-up of individuals and their first- and second-degree relatives with hereditary cancers. In fact, a radiologist is often the first to apprise the clinician about the possibility of an underlying hereditary cancer syndrome based on pathognomonic imaging findings. This article focuses on the imaging spectrum of few common hereditary cancer syndromes with specific mention of the imaging features of associated common and uncommon tumors in each syndrome. The screening and surveillance recommendations for each condition with specific management approaches, in contrast to sporadic cases, have also been described.
Penetrating Iron Rod Wound of the Lumbar Spine Causing Cauda Equina Syndrome in a Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ilunga Roger Mulumba , Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Ndongo Mouhamadou Moustapha , Cisse Yakhya , Atakla Hugues Ghislain , Wague Daouda , Faye Mohameth , Ba Momar Code
Published: March 2023

The authors report the case of a 10-year-old child who was admitted to the emergency room with a penetrating lumbar spinal injury caused by an iron rod, which occurred accidentally during a recreational activity. The clinical presentation was a ponytail syndrome with paraparesis and cerebrospinal fluid discharge from the lumbar penetration point of the iron rod. The lumbar X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan performed in the emergency room revealed the iron rod penetrating the spinal canal through the lamina of the L3 vertebra on the left, requiring urgent surgical management, consisting of laminectomy of L3 allowing the removal of the iron rod and repair of the dura mater without any damage to the roots of the cauda equina. The evolution was favorable with complete motor recovery at 3 months follow-up.
Perioperative Outcome of COVID-19-Positive Parturient Posted for Cesarean Section—Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Soni Megha , Kumari Mamta , Grover Niharika , Taneja Rashmi , Parashar Lokesh
Published: March 2023

Objectives

There is insufficient data regarding the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in pregnant women. This study assessed the outcome of COVID-19-positive parturient after cesarean section, correlation of maternal mortality with COVID-19 severity, association of comorbid parturients with severe COVID-19, and number of patients requiring general anesthesia.

Material and Methods

This single-center, retrospective observational study was performed on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19-positive 89 parturients posted for elective or emergency cesarean section. Data was collected from medical records of our hospital regarding COVID-19 severity, maternal mortality, need for admission in intensive care unit, gestational age, maternal comorbidities, indication for cesarean section, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, neonatal birth weight, neonatal mortality, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) score, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Assessment of maternal outcome was the primary objective. Secondary objectives of this study were to correlate maternal outcome with COVID-19 severity, to find association of comorbid parturients with severe COVID-19 and to estimate number of patients requiring general anesthesia.

Results

Out of 89 patients, 79 patients had mild COVID-19 disease were on room air and 6 patients required preoperative oxygen supplementation, and 4 patients diagnosed to have severe COVID-19 pneumonia were on mechanical ventilator preoperatively. Four cases were operated under general anesthesia and remaining 85 parturients were operated under regional anesthesia. Out of four parturients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, three patients did not survive in postoperative period due to refractory hypoxemia. In eight patients, spinal anesthesia was repeated due to inadequate effect. Fourteen neonates (16.09%) required NICU stay after cesarean delivery.

Conclusion

Parturients with severe COVID-19 disease had higher mortality. No statistically significant association was found between number of comorbidities and severity of COVID-19. The results of this study will guide us regarding further management and prognostication of COVID-19-positive parturients posted for cesarean section.
Development of a Low-Cost Gastroscope Prototype (GP) for Potential Cost-Effective Gastric Cancer Screening in Prevalent Regions
Authors: Xu James , Benson Mark E. , Granlund Liam M. , Gehrke Seth , Stanfield Dylan , Weiss Jennifer , Pfau Patrick , Soni Anurag , Cox Ben L. , Petry George , Swader Robert A. , Reichelderfer Mark , Li Zhanhai , Atrukstang Tenzin , Banik Nyah , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Gopal Deepak V.
Published: March 2023

Background Screening for gastric cancer is known to be associated with reduced mortality in populations with high prevalence. However, many countries with high prevalence do not screen, with high costs being a significant reason for this.

Aims To describe, develop, and assess the potential for a low-cost gastroscope for early cancer screening and patient risk stratification.

Methods Our interdisciplinary team used both off-the-shelf and fabricated components to create multiple gastroscope prototypes (GP) in iterative fashion based off clinician feedback. Clinician endoscopists were surveyed using Likert scales regarding device potential, video quality, and handling when testing on a GI training device. Video quality comparison to clinically standard high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) was done using the absolute categorical ratings (ACR) method.

Results A candidate cost-effective GP with clinical potential was developed. Although initial versions were scored as inferior via ACR on all views tested when compared to HD-WLE (p < 0.001), participants agreed the concept may be beneficial (M = 4.52/5, SD = 0.72). In testing improved versions, participants agreed the device had the ability to identify discrete (M = 4.62/5, SD = 0.51) and subtle lesions (M = 4/5, SD = 0.7) but most felt video quality, although improved, was still less than HD-WLE. Sufficiency of maneuverability of device to visualize gastric views was rated as equivocal (M = 2.69/5, SD = 1.25).

Conclusion The presented low-cost gastroscopic devices have potential for clinical application. With further device development and refinement including the possible addition of technologies in telemedicine and artificial intelligence, we hope the GP can help expand gastric cancer screening for populations in need.
Management of Eight Hand Drill Nails Induced Penetrating Brain Injury
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Thanvi Shailesh , Beniwal Hemant , Thanvi Sharad , Singh Shelly
Published: March 2023

Background Penetrating brain injury (PBI) can be caused by several objects ranging from knives to chopsticks. However, an assault with hand drill while working in a factory is a peculiar accident. Because of its rarity and lack of standard protocol management, the management of PBI is complex.

Case Presentation We presented a case of a 26-year-old male with alleged history of insertion of eight nails from a hand drill machine from right side of head while working in a factory accompanied by loss of consciousness and history of vomiting. Computer tomography demonstrated that nails passed through the right parietal bone and reached up to contralateral hemisphere and posterior cranial fossa. Removal of nails and hematoma evacuation was done timely that led the patient to have a good postoperative recovery.

Conclusion In this case report, we discussed the successful management of a very rare penetrating head injury with a hand drill machine. The goal of this case report is to demonstrate the general management principles in PBI that can improve the patient outcome.
Extending the High-Frequency Bandwidth and Predicting Speech-in-Noise Recognition: Building on the Work of Pat Stelmachowicz
Authors: Monson Brian B. , Trine Allison
Published: March 2023

Recent work has demonstrated that high-frequency (>6 kHz) and extended high-frequency (EHF; >8 kHz) hearing is valuable for speech-in-noise recognition. Several studies also indicate that EHF pure-tone thresholds predict speech-in-noise performance. These findings contradict the broadly accepted “speech bandwidth” that has historically been limited to below 8 kHz. This growing body of work is a tribute to the work of Pat Stelmachowicz, whose research was instrumental in revealing the limitations of the prior speech bandwidth work, particularly for female talkers and child listeners. Here, we provide a historical review that demonstrates how the work of Stelmachowicz and her colleagues paved the way for subsequent research to measure effects of extended bandwidths and EHF hearing. We also present a reanalysis of previous data collected in our lab, the results of which suggest that 16-kHz pure-tone thresholds are consistent predictors of speech-in-noise performance, regardless of whether EHF cues are present in the speech signal. Based on the work of Stelmachowicz, her colleagues, and those who have come afterward, we argue that it is time to retire the notion of a limited speech bandwidth for speech perception for both children and adults.
The Relationship of Plasma Aterogenity Index and Mean Platelet Volume with the Risk of Development of 1-Year Total Major Adverse Cardiac Event in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Allahverdiyev Agil , Koyuncu Irem Muge Akbulut , Kuru Busra , Allahverdiyeva Aytac , Ertas Fatih Sinan
Published: March 2023

In our study, we aimed to reveal the role of plasma atherogenicity index and mean platelet volume in predicting the risk of developing a 1-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

This study, which was planned from the retrospective cross-sectional study model, was performed with 100 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and scheduled for coronary angiography. The laboratory values of the patients were evaluated, the atherogenicity index of plasma was calculated, and the 1-year MACE status was evaluated.

In total, 79 of the patients were male and 21 were female. The average age is 60.8 years. At the end of the first year, the MACE improvement rate was found to be 29%. The PAI value was below 0.11 in 39% of the patients, between 0.11 and 0.21 in 14%, and above 0.21 in 47%. The 1-year MACE development rate was found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients and patients with hyperlipidemia. Lymphocyte count and triglyceride values of the patients in the high-risk group of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were found to be higher than the patients in the low-risk group. The neutrophil/lymphocyte, thrombocyte/lymphocyte ratios and high-density lipoprotein values of the patients in the high-risk group of AIP were found to be lower than those in the low-risk group. The rate of MACE development was found to be significantly higher in patients in the high-risk group of AIP (p = 0.02). No correlation was found between the mean platelet volume and the MACE development status.

While no significant relationship was found between MPV and MACE in NSTEMI patients, AIP, which includes atherogenic parameters, was found to be correlated with MACE.
Non-contact wearable synchronous measurement method of electrocardiogram and seismocardiogram signals
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Li Jiangtao , Wang Haoyue , Yan Zexin , Xu Zhengyi , Li Chenjie , Zhao Zheng , Raza Syed Ali
Published: March 2023

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading threats to human lives and its fatality rate still rises gradually year by year. Driven by the development of advanced information technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, remote/distributed cardiac healthcare is presenting a promising future. The traditional dynamic cardiac health monitoring method based on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals only has obvious deficiencies in comfortableness, informativeness, and accuracy under motion state. Therefore, a non-contact, compact, wearable, synchronous ECG and seismocardiogram (SCG) measuring system, based on a pair of capacitance coupling electrodes with ultra-high input impedance, and a high-resolution accelerometer were developed in this work, which can collect the ECG and SCG signals at the same point simultaneously through the multi-layer cloth. Meanwhile, the driven right leg electrode for ECG measurement is replaced by the AgCl fabric sewn to the outside of the cloth for realizing the total gel-free ECG measurement. Besides, synchronous ECG and SCG signals at multiple points on the chest surface were measured, and the recommended measuring points were given by their amplitude characteristics and the timing sequence correspondence analysis. Finally, the empirical mode decomposition algorithm was used to adaptively filter the motion artifacts within the ECG and SCG signals for measuring performance enhancement under motion states. The results demonstrate that the proposed non-contact, wearable cardiac health monitoring system can effectively collect ECG and SCG synchronously under various measuring situations.
Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy for fast local magnetic field measurements of magnetized fusion plasmas
Authors: Burke M. G. , Fonck R. J. , Mckee G. R. , Winz G. R.
Published: March 2023

A novel spectroscopy diagnostic for measuring internal magnetic fields in high temperature magnetized plasmas has been developed. It involves spectrally resolving the Balmer-α (656 nm) neutral beam radiation split by the motional Stark effect with a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS). The unique combination of high optical throughput (3.7 mm2sr) and spectral resolution (δλ ∼ 0.1 nm) allows these measurements to be made with time resolution ≪1 ms. The high throughput is effectively utilized by incorporating a novel geometric Doppler broadening compensation technique in the spectrometer. The technique significantly reduces the spectral resolution penalty inherent to using large area, high-throughput optics while still collecting the large photon flux provided by such optics. In this work, fluxes of order 1010 s−1 support the measurement of deviations of <5 mT (ΔλStark ∼ 10−4 nm) in the local magnetic field with 50 µs time resolution. Example high time resolution measurements of the pedestal magnetic field throughout the ELM cycle of a DIII-D tokamak plasma are presented. Local magnetic field measurements give access to the dynamics of the edge current density, which is essential to understanding stability limits, edge localized mode generation and suppression, and predicting performance of H-mode tokamaks.
Effects of gas viscosity and liquid-to-gas density ratio on liquid jet atomization in crossflow
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad , Shalbaf Saman , Jadidi Mehdi , Dolatabadi Ali
Published: March 2023

Atomization of liquid jets in gaseous crossflows has many natural and industrial applications, for example, in fuel atomization in gas turbine engines, rocket engines, film cooling, and, recently, suspension and solution precursor plasma spraying processes for the development of advanced coatings. Viscosity and density of the gaseous medium may significantly vary in applications such as plasma spraying, which can affect the instability waves on the liquid jet column, resulting in a major change in the mechanism of primary and secondary breakups. In this study, a numerical model is used to investigate the impact of gas viscosity on breakup mechanisms for a wide range of density ratios and Weber numbers. Due to many challenges, only a few comprehensive atomization measurements have been performed on this subject. However, novel computational models could provide the atomization process with a thorough picture in the last two decades. The incompressible variable-density Navier–Stokes equations are solved by using finite volume schemes, and a geometric volume-of-fluid technique is used to track the gas–liquid interface. In our parametric study, three sets of density ratios and Weber numbers are chosen. In each set, four cases with different orders of magnitude of gaseous Reynolds number are simulated. Different characteristics of jet atomization are analyzed, such as the jet trajectory, breakup location, and surface instabilities generated along the jet column. Ultimately, the effects of gaseous Reynolds number, density ratio, and Weber number on jet deformation and breakup mechanisms are discussed.