bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical transesterification of flaxseed oil and medium‐chain triacylglycerols: MLCT yield, DAG content, physicochemical properties, minor compounds and oxidation stability
Authors: Huang Jianhua , Lu Yanting , Jin Jun , Song Zhihua , Tang Junjun
Published: May 2021

A type of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) rich in α‐linolenic acid (ALA) was produced by chemical transesterification of medium‐chain triacylglycerols (MCT) and flaxseed oils. Under the optimal substrate conditions of 60%, catalyst loading of 0.3% at 60 °C for 15 min, the product contained MLCT (74.06%), ALA (37.26%) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (11.25%). After that, changes in fatty acid (FA) composition, physicochemical properties and minor compounds after chemical transesterification (CTE) were investigated. The correlations analysis results of these factors on oxidative stability showed these factors could be divided into positive and negative groups. Although DAG appears to be beneficial in slowing down oil oxidation, it is critical to avoid its mass production because it would decrease MLCT.
The utilisation solutions of olive mill by‐products in the terms of sustainable olive oil production: a review
Authors: Klisović Dora , Novoselić Anja , Režek Jambrak Anet , Brkić Bubola Karolina
Published: May 2021

Despite the high economic and nutritional value as major positive aspects, olive oil production has an unfavourable side, which is the negative environmental impact caused by the generation of significant amounts of liquid and solid wastes. Therefore, the implementation of sustainable technologies to add value to the olive oil production process is a matter of great interest. This study aimed to review novel solutions dealing with the utilisation of olive oil production by‐products while taking into account sustainable waste management options. The most promising technologies for the production of high‐added value products from olive oil production by‐products have been described with a special attention to the sustainable nonthermal technologies for the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds, and the key findings of such investigations were reviewed. All described technologies are environmentally friendly and show great potential. Nevertheless, further researches are required to optimise and increase their applicability.
Comparing learning ecologies of primary graphical programming: create or fix?
Authors: Neutens Tom , Barbion Evelien , Coolsaet Kris , wyffels Francis
Published: May 2021

In the last few years, programming, computational thinking, and robotics are more frequently integrated into elementary education. This integration can be done in many different ways. However, it is still unclear which teaching methods work in which situations. To provide some clarity in this area, we compared two methods of integrating programming into a primary robotics workshop for learners aged ten to twelve. In one method, students create programs from scratch; in the other, they start with a faulty program they have to fix. These teaching methods were evaluated using the framework of learning ecology, which provides a holistic framework for assessing complex learning environments. We identified different indicators of learning ecology and assessed our workshops using a mixed‐methods approach. Our results showed no difference between the groups on the intrinsic dimension of a learning ecology. However, on the experiential dimension, the learners in the create group scored better on all tests. Our results show the value of a multidimensional assessment of learning ecology to understand different teaching techniques. Additionally, the results provide us with important insights on how to integrate programming into a primary robotics curriculum enabling teachers to select better methods for teaching computing in their classroom.
Prevalence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in France (2010‐2018): The Nationwide CONCEPTION Study
Authors: Olié Valérie , Moutengou Elodie , Grave Clémence , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Regnault Nolwenn , Kretz Sandrine , Gabet Amélie , Mounier‐Vehier Claire , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Plu‐Bureau Geneviève , Blacher Jacques
Published: May 2021

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of each HDP in France and to study their associations. All pregnant women who delivered in France between 2010 and 2018 were included in a cohort and followed during their pregnancy and 6 weeks of postpartum. Each HDP occurring during the follow‐up was identified. Prevalence of each HDP and cumulative incidence by gestational age were estimated. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for preeclampsia among women with preexisting or gestational hypertension (GH) were estimated using Poisson regression and adjusted for age were estimated. Between 2010 and 2018, 6 302 810 deliveries were included. HDP complicated 7.4% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia and GH complicated 2.0% and 4.2% of pregnancies, respectively. Most of preeclampsia cases occurred without a prior HDP. HELLP syndrome represented 10.4% of preeclampsia cases. Compared to nulliparous pregnancies without HDP prior preeclampsia, the age‐adjusted IRR of preeclampsia was 6.2 [95% CI: 6.1‐6.4] in nulliparous pregnancies with preexisting hypertension and 2.9 [95% CI: 2.8‐3.0] in nulliparous pregnancies with GH. In France, HDP occurred in 7.4% of all pregnancies. Women with preexisting chronic hypertension are at high risk to present preeclampsia during pregnancy. Preeclampsia complicated 2.0% of pregnancies in France. Tailoring management of women according to the HDP is a major challenge to avoid complications related to these disorders.
Development of cross‐priming amplification (CPA) combined with colorimetric and lateral flow dipstick visualization for scale drop disease virus (SDDV) detection
Authors: Prasitporn Terawut , Senapin Saengchan , Vaniksampanna Akapon , Longyant Siwaporn , Chaivisuthangkura Parin
Published: May 2021

Scale drop disease virus (SDDV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes scale drop disease (SDD) in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The outbreaks of this disease are one of the factors causing substantial losses in Asian sea bass aquaculture. In this study, the uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UDG)‐supplemented cross‐priming amplification (UCPA) combined with a colorimetric detection method using the hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for detection of SDDV was developed. The UDG was utilized to prevent carryover contamination, and the CPA reactions can be readily observed by HNB and LFD. The CPA primers and probe were designed to target the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of the SDDV. The optimized UCPA conditions were performed at the temperature of 61°C for 60 min. The UCPA assays demonstrated specificity to SDDV without cross‐reaction to other tested viruses including red‐spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and Lates calcarifer herpes virus (LCHV), and other bacterial species commonly found in aquatic animals. The sensitivity of the UCPA‐HNB and UCPA‐LFD was 100 viral copies/µl and 10 pg of extracted total DNA, which was 10‐fold more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. The UCPA‐HNB and UCPA‐LFD assays could be used to detect the SDDV infection in all 25 confirmed SDDV‐infected fish samples. Therefore, the UCPA coupled with HNB and LFD was rapid, simple and effective and might be applied for diagnosis of SDDV infection.
Rural disparities in end‐of‐life care for patients with heart failure: Are they due to geography or socioeconomic disparity?
Authors: Hutchinson Rebecca N. , Han Paul K. J. , Lucas F. Lee , Black Adam , Sawyer Douglas , Fairfield Kathleen
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The impact of rurality and socioeconomic deprivation on end‐of‐life (EOL) care for patients with heart failure (HF) is unknown. We analyzed claims to describe the prevalence and predictors of EOL health care utilization for patients dying with HF in a predominantly rural state.

Methods

We used the MaineHealth Data Organization's All‐Payer Claims Data to identify 15,168 patients ≥35 who died with HF between 2012 and 2017. The primary outcome was health care utilization during the last 180 days of life (EOL definition for this analysis), including emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and hospice utilization. Patient characteristics analyzed included age, gender, comorbidities, area deprivation index (ADI), and rurality.

Findings

Among 15,168 patients ≥35 who died with HF, 48% had ≥2 hospitalizations, 72% had ≥2 ED visit, 29% had an ICU stay, 2% initiated dialysis during EOL, and 64% received hospice. Rural patients were more likely to have an ICU admission and have ≥2 hospitalizations. Patients residing in areas with higher ADI were more likely to be hospitalized, admitted to the ICU, and started on dialysis. Both rural patients and those living in higher ADI areas were less likely to receive hospice. After multivariable adjustment, rurality and ADI were independently associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving hospice (OR 0.62 [95% CI: 0.53‐0.72] for the most rural patients and OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.57‐0.72] for the highest ADI).

Conclusion

Both rurality and local area deprivation drive disparities in EOL care for patients dying with heart failure.
Inverted V‐shaped extracapsular stabilisation technique and arthroscopic findings in six dogs with medial shoulder instability
Authors: Hammer M. , Grand J. G.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this case series was to report arthroscopic findings and to evaluate clinical outcomes of dogs treated with an inverted V‐shaped extracapsular stabilisation technique without additional external coaptation for medial shoulder instability.

Material and Methods

Medical records of dogs with medial shoulder instability that underwent arthroscopy and an inverted V‐shaped extracapsular stabilisation technique were retrospectively reviewed. Extracapsular stabilisation was performed in all dogs using screws and spiked washers as anchor points for the coated polyester prosthetic ligament. No additional external coaptation was used in any dog. A minimum 18‐month follow‐up period was required for study inclusion. Complications and long‐term outcomes were recorded.

Results

The subscapularis tendon and medial glenohumeral ligament were the structures most commonly affected. All dogs had pathological cartilage fibrillations. Implants were successfully placed in all dogs. Implant loosening was recorded in two out of six dogs on recheck but no revision surgery was performed. Function at the time of last clinical follow‐up (median, 28 months, range 18 to 33 months) was full in four out of six and acceptable in two out of six dogs.

Clinical Significance

Surgical treatment of medial shoulder instability using the novel inverted V‐shaped extracapsular stabilisation technique was successful. Potential complications such as implant loosening may occur. Despite the limited number of cases, the present study suggests that additional postoperative external coaptation may not be necessary for successful management of dogs with medial shoulder instability.
A review on cobia, Rachycentron canadum, aquaculture
Authors: Benetti Daniel D. , Suarez Jorge , Camperio Julio , Hoenig Ronald H. , Tudela Carlos E. , Daugherty Zack , McGuigan Charles J. , Mathur Shubham , Anchieta Luiz , Buchalla Yole , Alarcón Jorge , Marchetti Dario , Fiorentino Julian , Buchanan John , Artiles Adriana , Stieglitz John D.
Published: May 2021

Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is an important species for aquaculture worldwide. Production technology from egg to market was established in the early 1990s and continues to be perfected to this day. This species exhibits extraordinary scope for growth and can reach between 4 and 8 kg in 1 year, with females growing almost twice as fast and large as males. Despite continuous progress in maturation, spawning, larval rearing, fingerling production, nutrition, health management, genetics, and growout technology, overall cobia aquaculture production worldwide has been slow in the last decade. One of the biggest challenges remains the development of practical commercial feeds that are ecologically and economically efficient for this species. Feed conversion ratios are still very high, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0:1. In addition to nutritional challenges, diseases such as Photobacterium, Amyloodinium ocellatus, and Brooklynella hostilis continue to impact cobia aquaculture production worldwide. Genetics and breeding programs for cobia are still at their infancy. We report on current status of cobia breeding efforts as well as on advances on developing female monosex populations to exploit the sexually dimorphic growth in this species. Nutrition, health, and genetics will be the greatest drivers to improve overall performance and increases in production of the cobia aquaculture industry.
Individual characteristics and community context in decisions to divert or arrest
Authors: Nadel Melissa R. , Pesta George , Blomberg Thomas , Bales William D.
Published: May 2021

Diversion programs are increasingly being implemented as an alternative to more severe sanctions, especially within juvenile justice. The civil citation program in Florida is unique in that it diverts juveniles away from the justice system at the earliest decision point of arrest. However, despite its growing use in a number of states, there is little research on the program's implementation and outcomes, namely, it remains unknown if the program is being applied consistently across communities and for juveniles within those communities. Drawing from the larger sociology of punishment, race, and social control literature, and the associated theories of labeling and social threat, this study employs statewide data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice to explore the community and individual determinants of civil citation's use. Consistent with the theoretical arguments of labeling and social threat, the multilevel analysis finds that community and individual characteristics, in particular race, impact the likelihood of receiving civil citation. Implications for future research, theory, and policy are discussed.
On the use of genome‐wide data to model and date the time of anthropogenic hybridisation: An example from the Scottish wildcat
Authors: Howard‐McCombe Jo , Ward Daniel , Kitchener Andrew C. , Lawson Daniel , Senn Helen V. , Beaumont Mark
Published: May 2021

While hybridisation has long been recognised as an important natural phenomenon in evolution, the conservation of taxa subject to introgressive hybridisation from domesticated forms is a subject of intense debate. Hybridisation of Scottish wildcats and domestic cats is a good example in this regard. Here, we developed a modelling framework to determine the timescale of introgression using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Applying the model to ddRAD‐seq data from 129 individuals, genotyped at 6546 loci, we show that a population of wildcats genetically distant from domestic cats is still present in Scotland. These individuals were found almost exclusively within the captive breeding programme. Most wild‐living cats sampled were introgressed to some extent. The demographic model predicts high levels of gene‐flow between domestic cats and Scottish wildcats (13% migrants per generation) over a short timeframe, the posterior mean for the onset of hybridisation (T1) was 3.3 generations (~10 years) before present. Although the model had limited power to detect signals of ancient admixture, we found evidence that significant recent hybridisation may have occurred subsequent to the founding of the captive breeding population (T2). The model consistently predicts T1 after T2, estimated here to be 19.3 generations (~60 years) ago, highlighting the importance of this population as a resource for conservation management. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness of current methods to classify hybrids. We show that an optimised 35 SNP panel is a better predictor of the ddRAD‐based hybrid score in comparison with a morphological method.
An HD‐ZIP‐MYB complex regulates glandular secretory trichome initiation in Artemisia annua
Authors: Xie Lihui , Yan Tingxiang , Li Ling , Chen Minghui , Hassani Danial , Li Yongpeng , Qin Wei , Liu Hang , Chen Tiantian , Fu Xueqing , Shen Qian , Rose Jocelyn K. C. , Tang Kexuan
Published: May 2021

Plant glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) produce various specialized metabolites. Increasing GST density represents a strategy to enhance the yield of these chemicals; however, the gene regulatory network that controls GST initiation remains unclear.

In a previous study of Artemisia annua L., we found that a HD‐ZIP IV transcription factor, AaHD1, promotes GST initiation by directly regulating AaGSW2. Here, we identified two AaHD1‐interacting transcription factors, namely AaMIXTA‐like 2 (AaMYB16) and AaMYB5.

Through the generation and characterization of transgenic plants, we found that AaMYB16 is a positive regulator of GST initiation, whereas AaMYB5 has the opposite effect. Notably, neither of them regulates GST formation independently. Rather, they act competitively, by interacting and modulating AaHD1 promoter binding activity. Additionally, the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) was shown to be associated with the AaHD1‐AaMYB16/AaMYB5 regulatory network through transcriptional regulation via a JASMONATE‐ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) protein repressor.

These results bring new insights into the mechanism of GST initiation through regulatory complexes, which appear to have similar functions in a range of vascular plant taxa.
A case report of PHF6 mosaicism: Beyond the classic Börjeson‐Forssman‐Lehmann syndrome
Authors: Garcia‐Melendo Cristina , Roé Esther , Rodríguez‐Santiago Benjamín , Amat‐Samaranch Victòria , Cubiró Xavier , Puig Lluís , Boronat Susana
Published: May 2021

We report a 6‐year‐old female with linear skin hyperpigmentation on the axillae and groin, intellectual disability, dysplastic teeth and nails, and facial dysmorphism who was diagnosed with a novel PHF6 pathogenic splicing variant. Males with PHF6 mutations have been associated with the X‐linked recessive disorder Börjeson‐Forssman‐Lehmann, but females have a distinct phenotype which is likely modulated by X‐inactivation.
Effects of forest preservation, livestock exclusion, and use of shrubs as potential nurses on planting success of an endangered tree
Authors: Torres Romina C. , Pollice Julieta , Valfré‐Giorello Tatiana A. , Herrero M. Lucrecia , Navarro‐Ramos Silvia E. , Ibarra‐Grellet Ignacio , Renison Daniel
Published: May 2021

Domestic livestock are widespread in seasonally dry forests, likely causing forest degradation and limiting tree seedling establishment. Shrubs can play an important role in facilitating tree regeneration, by protecting trees from livestock damage and ameliorating unfavorable abiotic conditions. We aimed at disentangling the relative contribution of grazing exclusion, long‐term forest conservation, and the potential facilitation effect of shrubs on the performance of saplings of the native tree Kageneckia lanceolata. We planted 400 saplings in grazed and ungrazed areas situated both in a preserved and a degraded forest. In each situation, we established planting plots in three accompanying vegetation treatments: herbs, a nonleguminous spiny shrub and a leguminous spiny shrub. Survival of 3‐year‐old saplings was 10‐fold higher in the preserved than in the degraded forest and 2‐fold higher in the ungrazed than in the grazed site. Differences in survival among accompanying vegetation treatments were much smaller than between grazing treatments. Survival significantly increased with increasing protection by shrubs only in the degraded site. Sapling growth patterns were fairly similar to survival patterns, with no growth in the degraded forest, except for limited growth under both shrubs in the ungrazed site. We conclude that, in selecting plantation sites for the study species, forest condition and grazing exclusion should be prioritized over microsite selection based on neighboring vegetation.
Marine ecosystem restoration in a changing ocean
Authors: Danovaro Roberto , Aronson James , Cimino Roberto , Gambi Cristina , Snelgrove Paul V. R. , Van Dover Cindy
Published: May 2021

Multiple human impacts on natural ecosystems cause ongoing widespread habitat loss, with consequent decline of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Seas and oceans, the largest biomes of the biosphere, show increasing numbers of degraded habitats. Ecological restoration offers a major tool to reverse this trend and recover biodiversity, along with human health and well‐being. The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration promotes global‐scale restoration of degraded habitats and we can exploit lessons learned from terrestrial restoration projects to improve and accelerate marine ecosystem restoration science, practice, and policy. Nonetheless, major differences in land and sea limit direct transfer of terrestrial approaches. Limited ecosystem baselines, greater stochasticity and connectivity, longer timescales needed for effective restoration, associated high costs and advanced technologies required to access and intervene in marine environments (especially in the deep sea), and difficulty in scaling up restoration efforts all hinder the effectiveness and expansion of marine ecosystem restoration. Pilot actions in European waters over ca 5 years in the EU‐funded MERCES consortium (Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas) have identified and developed new, promising tools and strategies to catalyze restoration actions, including engagement of funding organizations, governmental bodies, scientists, and citizens. We are now better positioned to implement restoration actions on a wide range of protected, vulnerable, and critical marine habitats, including seagrass meadows, algal forests, shallow rocky shore, and even some deep‐sea habitats. Outcomes from the MERCES project support future restoration initiatives by demonstrating restoration potential in the marine environment.
Assessing multi‐temporal river‐floodplain dynamics as baseline for process‐oriented restoration in a large river: the Duero River, Spain
Authors: Díaz‐Redondo María , Cortés Francisco M. , Molina Beatriz , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Javier
Published: May 2021

The time‐based perspective of river‐floodplain processes plays a key role in understanding its evolution until its present situation and in guiding process‐based river restoration. However, despite the wide range of approaches to eco‐hydromorphological characterization, the analysis of fluvial dynamics and their drivers under a temporal perspective requires more investigation. For the present study, a historical analysis of river‐floodplain dynamics has been undertaken in a study section of the Duero River upstream of Zamora (Spain), within the framework of the DRAINAGE project for the integral management of flood risk. Aerial imagery for the period 1945–2017 was used to create habitat maps that were subsequently intersected to identify trajectories of habitat change (anthropization, changeless, progression, and regression). In addition, a Natural Trajectory Index (NTI) and an Anthropization Ratio (AR) were proposed as a way to assess the balance of natural trajectories (progression vs. regression) and the weight of anthropization versus the sum of natural trajectories, respectively. Results show a system with a high degree of stability and anthropization, and a current imbalance of natural trajectories with a predominance of progression in the ecological succession. Rejuvenation processes have to be reactivated through nature‐based solutions, allowing for more sustainable water management practices. This perspective aims at promoting a more resilient system. The diachronic analysis presented is widely exportable to other river‐floodplain systems as a basis for process‐based restoration practice.
A new in situ method showed greater persistence of added soil organic matter in natural than restored wetlands
Authors: Keshta Amr E. , Yarwood Stephanie A. , Baldwin Andrew H.
Published: May 2021

One objective of wetland restoration is to promote soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation, but it may take decades for restored wetlands to accumulate SOM to a level similar to natural wetlands. We designed an in situ field SOM microcosm (9 × 51 cm) of known carbon (C) content (hereafter, SOM microcosm) to test retention of SOM in a natural compared to a restored wetland. Homogenized native wetland soil was used to fill SOM microcosms made of three different types of materials varying in opening size for root in‐growth. They were deployed vertically in the soil profiles of a natural wetland (with five habitat types) and a 24‐year‐old restored wetland (with four habitat types). After 2 years, SOM content differed between natural and restored sites in the top 15 cm. In the natural wetland, microcosm C content did not significantly change over the 2‐year period, averaged across habitats and microcosm type, but there was significant loss of soil C in restored wetland SOM microcosms (20 ± 6.7% loss,p < 0.05). The greater loss of SOM generally occurred in microcosms with 3.5‐mm than 1‐mm mesh sizes. Our findings suggest that although plants contribute C to the soil via root production and exudates, they can also have a negative effect on SOM accumulation due to soil aeration that promotes C mineralization. This microcosm approach may be useful in evaluating the persistence of SOM in restored wetlands compared to natural reference sites.
Ecosystem carbon exchange and nitrogen removal rates in two 33‐year‐old constructed salt marshes are similar to those in a nearby natural marsh
Authors: Ledford Taylor C. , Mortazavi Behzad , Tatariw Corianne , Starr Sommer F. , Smyth Erin , Wood Abigail Griffin , Simpson Loraé T. , Cherry Julia A.
Published: May 2021

Human activities have led to 1–2% of coastal wetlands lost per year globally, with subsequent losses in ecosystem services such as nutrient filtering and carbon sequestration. Wetland construction is used to mitigate losses of marsh cover and services resulting from human impacts in coastal areas. Though marsh structure can recover relatively quickly (i.e., <10 years) after construction, there are often long‐term lags in the recovery of ecosystem functions in constructed marshes. We conducted a year‐long study comparing seasonal plant productivity, ecosystem respiration (), denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) between two 33‐year‐old constructed marshes (CON‐1, CON‐2) and a nearby natural reference marsh (NAT). We found that CON‐1 and CON‐2 were structurally similar to NAT (i.e., plant aboveground and belowground biomass did not differ). Likewise, gross ecosystem productivity (GEP),, and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were similar across all marshes. Further, DNRA and denitrification were similar across marshes, with the exception of greater denitrification rates at CON‐2 than at the other two sites. While pore‐water ammonium concentrations were similar across all marshes, organic matter (OM) content, pore‐water phosphate, nitrate + nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were greater in NAT than CON‐1 and CON‐2. Collectively, this work suggests that current marsh construction practices could be a suitable tool for recovering plant structure and some ecosystem functions. However, the lag in recovery of pore‐water nutrient stocks and OM content also suggests that some biogeochemical functions may take longer than a few decades to fully recover in constructed marshes.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy, Misoprostol Knowledge and Use of Medication Abortion in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Väisänen Heini , Moore Ann M. , Owolabi Onikepe , Stillman Melissa , Fatusi Adesegun , Akinyemi Akanni
Published: May 2021

Little is known about the link between health literacy and women's ability to safely and successfully use misoprostol to self‐induce an abortion. While abortion is only allowed to save a woman's life in Nigeria, misoprostol is widely available from drug sellers. We interviewed 394 women in 2018 in Lagos State, Nigeria, who induced abortion using misoprostol obtained from a drug seller to determine their sexual and reproductive health literacy (SRHL) and misoprostol knowledge levels; and how these were associated with ending the pregnancy successfully or seeking care for (perceived) complications. Our results show that women's misoprostol knowledge (measured both quantitatively and qualitatively) was low, but that almost all women were nevertheless able to use the drug effectively and safely. Higher SRHL was associated with being more likely to end the pregnancy successfully and also seeking postabortion health care. Our study is the first to examine this association and adds to the scarce literature examining the relationship between health literacy and self‐use of misoprostol to induce abortions in restrictive settings.
Evaluation of an improved rapid bacterial assay with untreated and pathogen‐reduced platelets: Detection of Acinetobacter strains
Authors: LaVerda David , Shinefeld Lisa , Best Nancy , Lisitu Johny , Tambolleo Gary , Vallejo Yli Remo
Published: May 2021

Background

The PGDprime® test was updated to enable Acinetobacter spp. detection to respond to morbidity and mortality events in 2018 and 2020 involving platelets contaminated with Acinetobacter‐calcoaceticus‐baumannii complex (ACBC). In one morbidity event, the first‐generation PGD test failed to detect ACBC. In two other reported events, pathogen‐reduced (PR) platelets contaminated with ACBC and other bacteria led to patient morbidity and one death.

Study Design and Methods

A polyclonal antibody to Acinetobacter was integrated in the test device and evaluated for detection of Acinetobacter spp., including the ACBC isolate recovered in one of the 2018 contamination events. Limits of Detection for various Acinetobacter strains were determined in dilution studies. Detection of Acinetobacter growing in platelets after an initial low inoculum was evaluated. Use of the updated test as a secondary test after pathogen reduction was also evaluated by testing at 12‐h intervals PR platelet units inoculated with low levels of the 3 species reported in the fatal PR platelet: ACBC, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Leclercia adecarboxylata.

Results

The test detected several Acinetobacter strains at the clinically relevant CFU/ml levels associated with septic transfusions and successfully detected Acinetobacter growing in various non‐PR platelet types after an initial low inoculum. In PR platelets, the test yielded a positive result with the 3 implicated bacteria in 48 h or less after inoculation, or 48–72 h earlier than the reported time of transfusion of contaminated PR platelets.

Conclusion

PGDprime was improved to detect Acinetobacter and has shown utility to interdict contaminated PR platelets.
KEY SECTORS PERSPECTIVE IN SELECTING OPTIMAL BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Damalerio Regina , Pausta Carla Mae , Eusebio Ramon Christian , Promentilla Michael Angelo , Orbecido Aileen , Patacsil Liza , Beltran Arnel
Published: May 2021

The current effluent standards emphasize on the removal of nutrients from sewage, and one solution is for establishments to install biological nutrient removal (BNR) technologies. However, there are several factors to be considered in installing or upgrading the technologies. Hence, the study utilizes two multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools to determine the important attributes and the optimal technology from the perspective of the academe, regulatory agency, and industry. Calibrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) calculates the relative importance of the three criteria (implementability, financial, and socio-environmental) and twelve sub-criteria. On the other hand, the grey relational analysis is used to calculate the performance of the four selected alternatives: 3-stage Bardenpho (A2O), 5-stage Bardenpho (5BP), sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and membrane bioreactor (MBR). Combining the results of calibrated FAHP and GRA provided the overall ranking of alternatives. Results showed that each sector prioritized different factors in the selection of the optimal BNR technology. The academe considers socio-environmental (0.43) as the most preferred criterion, while the regulatory agency and industry consider financial (0.36) and implementability (0.57), respectively. Overall, the three sectors agreed that the sequential batch reactor (SBR) is the optimal BNR technology (GRG = 0.69 - 0.79).
THE EFFECT OF EXPANDED GRAPHITE ON THE CHARGING TIME OF STEARIC ACID PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL IN A HOT WATER TANK
Authors: Sett Khin Yu , Mon Mi Sandar
Published: May 2021

The present work is to investigate the thermal conductivity of the phase change material (PCM) of stearic acid (SA) by using the supporting material of expanded graphite (EG). The EG is used with the mass ratio of 10%, 15% and 20%. SA is commercial grade and the EG is formed by thermal method using natural graphite powder and crystalline zinc nitrate. The composite materials of (SA/10% EG, SA/15% EG and SA/20% EG) are prepared by direct impregnation method. Thermal conductivity of pure SA and composite PCMs are investigated by laboratory apparatus of heat transfer base unit TD1002. The thermal conductivity of the SA/10%EG composite PCM has been improved to 0.64 W/mK from that of SA (0.28 W/mK) with the percentage enhancement of 129%. To verify the morphology of the materials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis is utilized. The results show that the EG is formed in multilayers with pores in which stearic acid is well absorbed. The charging characteristics of pure SA, SA/10% EG and SA/15% EG for low temperature latent heat storage (LHS) system are studied experimentally. The system is applied for domestic water heating. The PCM is filled in a 33 mm diameter cylindrical copper tube and placed in hot water storage tank. The water is filled in tank from the top section through the distributor to uniform entry. The phase change phenomena of the PCMs are measured by inserting thermocouples at two layers of PCM tube. The result shows that the melting time decreases with the increasing mass ratio of expanded graphite in composite PCM. Although the melting time of both layers are nearly the same at the experiment of composite PCMs, the lower layer takes longer time than upper layer for pure PCM. The charging time is decreased by 67% for SA/10%EG and 79% for SA/15% EG composite PCM from that value of pure SA.
USE OF DIESEL MIXED WITH ETHANOL AND ETHYL ACETATE FOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL IN A HIGH-SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Santasnachok Mattana , Sutheerasak Ekkachai , Chinwanitcharoen Charoen , Ruengphrathuengsuka Wirogana , Chuepeng Sathaporn
Published: May 2021

Particulate matters especially particles with less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) are the main cause of severe air pollution problem in Thailand that lead to the mortality risk in cardiovascular disease. Exhaust gas emissions specifically carbon monoxide and black smoke from diesel engines are the essential sources in generating significant amounts of PM2.5. Improving diesel properties by mixing oxygenated additives is one of the alternatives in reducing this pollutant. The main objective of this research is to investigate the performance and emission of a high-speed diesel engine at 3,000 rpm and different loads operated with diesel mixed with 5 to 20% ethanol and 5% ethyl acetate. The results of engine test at 80% load using diesel mixed with 5% of ethanol and ethyl acetate showed a few decreases in fuel properties and engine performance compared with diesel. The release of black smoke was also decreased to 14%. Increasing the mixture of ethanol to more than 5% has led to the decrease in engine performance continuously. The diesel mixed with ethanol at 20% and ethyl acetate at 5% has reduced the carbon monoxide and black smoke to 0.012%vol and 31.53% respectively and accrued the carbon dioxide at 1.25%vol. This is because the diesel mixed with ethanol and ethyl acetate increased the oxygen level to perform complete combustion as compared with diesel. However, the temperature of these exhaust gases was raised to 55oC
COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF PHASE FORMATION MECHANISM AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Ca-Mg-SILICATE
Authors: Myat-Htun Myat , Mohammadi Hossein , Mohd Noor Ahmad-Fauzi , Kawashita Masakazu , Baba Ismail Yanny Marliana
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate extensively the full phase formation mechanism from the lowest temperature to form the phases to the optimum temperature to crystallize akermanite. The effects of various milling speeds and sintering temperatures on physico-mechanical properties of akermanite prepared using high-energy planetary milling method were also investigated. The minimum formation temperature of akermanite phase (above 800°C) was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis. XRD analysis revealed akermanite had formed through gradual phase development with the increase in temperature. Below 700C, akermanite was structurally unstable while multiple transient compounds (low clinoenstatite, wollastonite, monticellite, and diopside) coexisted, as indicated by low peak intensities. Single phase akermanite was obtained by heat-treating at 1100C. Physical studies suggested the densest akermanite ceramic feature, with tensile strength range of 25.26 ± 1.41 MPa32.10 ± 2.13 MPa and Vickers microhardness range of 1.39 ± 0.04 GPa4.94 ± 0.26 GPa could be obtained at 1250°C.
STUDY ON BIODEGRADABLE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF BIOWASTE CHITIN-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BLENDED FILM
Authors: Htwe Aung Than , Htwe Maung , Maung Soe , Tun Myint Naing
Published: May 2021

The film forming ability of chitin (CT) blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared with a seriesof nine different ratios of CT:PVA, (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10v/v),using 2% chitin solution and 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution. All prepared blended films have a highlytransparent, smooth surface and pale-yellow color. The prepared blended films were characterized by usingthe physical parameters, the physico-mechanical properties, the degree of swelling, and water uptake. Asmeasured by the swelling and water uptake, the blended films showed a higher degree of hydration, as aresult of varying the weight percent of PVA in the membrane matrix. Comparative characterization of theprepared blended films included FT IR and TG-DTA analysis. From the FT IR analysis, the characteristicabsorption peaks of CT-PVA blended film clearly showed that the two polymers were well mixed.According to TG-DTA analysis, the thermal stability of the CT-PVA blended film was found to be slightlylower. The various types of CT-PVA blended films were also tested for antimicrobial activity using anagar disc diffusion method. From these results, all of the prepared CT-PVA blended film showedpronounce antimicrobial activities. Subsequently, the biodegradable nature of the prepared CT-PVAblended films was studied through the soil burial test. Finally, the prepared CT-PVA blended films can beused in wound dressing, and also as packaging materials.
THE EFFECT OF ALKALI TREATMENT ON IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAMIE (BOEHMERIA NIVEA), SUGAR PALM (ARENGA PINNATA), AND COIR (COCOS NUCIFERA) FIBERS
Authors: Suriaman Irwan , Hendrarsakti Jooned , Mardiyati Yati , Pasek Ari Darmawan
Published: May 2021

In line with economic growth, material requirements in the industrial sector will increase. Industries are required to use materials that are safe for human health, environmentally friendly and utilize local raw materials. Currently, industries in general still use synthetic materials based on petroleum residues that contain many hazardous chemicals. Therefore, natural fiber has the potential to be used as a substitute for synthetic materials, especially in Indonesia which is rich in natural fibers resources. This will have an impact on the socio-economy of the local community so that it can grow the rural economic sector. Natural fibers have high economic value that can be used for various raw material needs for strategic industries. A good natural fiber processing mechanism will produce products that can be marketed globally with guaranteed product quality. This research analyzes the effect of alkali treatment of ramie, sugar palm and coir fiber on the increase in mechanical properties of the fiber. The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile strength testing of single fiber according to ASTM D3822 standard using a textechno favigraph machine. In addition, this research is supported by data from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the fibers that had been given an alkali treatment had better mechanical properties compared to untreated fibers. Increased tensile strength of fibers was observec after being treated with alkali for ramie 81%, sugar palm 52% and coir 56%. The advantage of this alkaline treatment method is that no heating is involved and the treatment procedures are more practical compared to other methods.
Identifying the Influential Factors Enriching the Experiences of Visitors of Touristic Religious Sites: The Case Study of Al-Khandaq Battle Site
Authors: Amer Mohamed Saleh , Karban Abdullah Saeed , Majid Mohammad Rafee , Majrashi Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Saleh Abba
Published: May 2021

Enriching visitors' experiences at religious, historical sites (RHS) is getting more attention than before. This research aims to identify and investigate the influential factors enriching the visitors' experience at such a site, using Al-Khandaq battle site as the case study. Forty-two respondents were interviewed at the site and NVivo 12 pro software was used to code and analyze the responses. The study explored tourist motivations, expectations, and perceptions as the guiding constructs in detailed qualitative analysis.  Foremost, learning, reliving the experience of the events of the battle, and Islamic values were the primary motivation to the historic site visitation. Next, findings reveal the extent to which tourists' expectations can be met through the availability of an open museum, accessibility, and the spatial and experiential simulation of the ancient Al-Khandaq path.  Lastly, the need to reconstruct the historical site in spatial planning and experiential dimensions formed the main thrust of the element of visitors' perception.  Based on the foregoing, the study recommends that Al-Khandaq site should be developed traditionally as an open museum, displaying both religious and historical elements of the battle with emphasis on the visual connection to the Prophet's mosque
Derivas de lo personal: subjetividades en disputa en Tiempo pasado
Authors: Szurmuk Mónica
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se lee el libro Tiempo pasado: Cultura de la memoria y giro subjetivo. Una discusión de Beatriz Sarlo desde recientes desarrollos en los estudios de la memoria cultural que proponen la perdurabilidad de la misma a nivel social y colectivo. Planteamos que, aunque Sarlo critica la voz personal del giro subjetivo, utiliza su propia voz y sus propias predilecciones para interrumpir el desarrollo de los discursos que pone en cuestión. La crítica del giro subjetivo se realiza paradójicamente desde la subjetividad, exponiéndola a una variante del mismo interrogante al que ella somete a los textos que analiza: ¿cuál es el lugar de la primera persona en la narración del pasado reciente?
“Temblor del tiempo humano”: política de la novela en Juan Cárdenas
Authors: Giorgi Gabriel
Published: May 2021

La pregunta por la relación entre los agentes no-humanos y la novela como género dene muchos debates en torno a la literatura y su relación con el llamado Antropoceno (Ghosh y Nixon, por ejemplo). El presente artículo argumenta que esa relación debe pensarse fundamentalmente alrededor de las nociones de temporalidad y escala como herramientas que sirven para describir los modos en que la novela, poniendo en tensión sus propias matrices genéricas, se abre a perspectivas, actantes y procesos irreductibles a la medida de lo humano. La narrativa del escritor colombiano Juan Cárdenas trabaja experimentos formales que permiten iluminar de manera expansiva la relación con lo no-humano en la novela contemporánea. Su foco en los procesos de extracción natural, y su trabajo sobre las memorias silenciadas de la cultura colombiana y latinoamericana exploran formas narrativas que albergan lo no-humano en temporalidades propias. Tal investigación, por eso mismo, ilumina nuevos terrenos para una política de la literatura que, trabajando sobre archivos genéricos, la abre a nuevos imaginarios de lo colectivo.
DOE science pick signals new focus on climate
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: May 2021

Soil scientist Asmeret Berhe would take the lead at agency known for funding physics.
Thaw coming for U.K. gene-editing regulations
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: May 2021

Government expected to loosen rules for some biotech crops and animals.
Deadly delays
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: May 2021

Unexpected vaccine hesitancy, dose shortages, and poor government planning have compounded India's massive immunization challenge.
Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels
Authors: Sydeman W. J. , Schoeman D. S. , Thompson S. A. , Hoover B. A. , García-Reyes M. , Daunt F. , Agnew P. , Anker-Nilssen T. , Barbraud C. , Barrett R. , Becker P. H. , Bell E. , Boersma P. D. , Bouwhuis S. , Cannell B. , Crawford R. J. M. , Dann P. , Delord K. , Elliott G. , Erikstad K. E. , Flint E. , Furness R. W. , Harris M. P. , Hatch S. , Hilwig K. , Hinke J. T. , Jahncke J. , Mills J. A. , Reiertsen T. K. , Renner H. , Sherley R. B. , Surman C. , Taylor G. , Thayer J. A. , Trathan P. N. , Velarde E. , Walker K. , Wanless S. , Warzybok P. , Watanuki Y.
Published: May 2021

Sampling seabirds

The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman
et al.
looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there have thus far been less disturbed. The differences across hemispheres indicate different strategies for conservation, with active recovery needed in the north and enhanced protection in the south.

Science
, abf1772, this issue p.
980
Bispecific antibodies
Authors: Brinkmann Ulrich , Kontermann Roland E.
Published: May 2021

Bispecific antibodies have emerged as molecules with a multitude of talents
Using DNA to reunify separated migrant families
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth , Katsanis Sara H. , Mishori Ranit , Wagner Jennifer K. , Selden Richard F. , Madden Diana , Berger Dan , Erlich Henry , Hampton Kathryn , Kleiser Andreas , La Vaccara Alessandra , Parsons Thomas J. , Peccerelli Fredy A. , Piñero Mariana Herrera , Stebbins Michael J. , Vásquez Patricia , Warf Curren W. , White Thomas J. , Stover Eric , Svetaz M. Veronica
Published: May 2021

Perceived lack of tools, and fears of the sensitivity of DNA data, should not be obstacles
Moving physics forward
The Disordered Cosmos: A Journey into Dark Matter, Spacetime, and Dreams Deferred
Chanda Prescod-Weinstein
Bold Type Books, 2021. 336 pp.
Authors: Muzio Marco
Published: May 2021

Weaving together her own story with reflections on the field, a physicist calls for progress