bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Demand for Medical Care in Disaster-Affected Areas using the Minimum Data Set and Machine Learning
Authors: Igarashi Yutaka , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Yokobori Shoji , Koido Yuichi
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

The Minimum Data Set (MDS) has allowed governments of disaster-affected countries to collect, examine, and evaluate standardized medical data from Emergency Medical Teams in real-time. However, little study has been conducted on the use of MDS data to predict health care needs.

Objectives:

This research proposes an outlook on the use of machine learning and MDS data to predict the need for medical care in disaster-affected areas.

Method/Description:

The characteristics of the data collected by MDS and the optimal machine learning model were discussed.

Results/Outcomes:

The primary causes of disease after disasters are trauma (MDS Nos. 4–8), which frequently occurs immediately after a disaster, and infectious diseases (MDS Nos. 9–18), which can increase due to decreasing hygiene conditions. Furthermore, certain infectious diseases can spread quickly because of living in congested evacuation centers, and early detection is crucial.

Therefore, predicting the need for medical care in a disaster area is complicated and requires a combination of many machine-learning models. Data-driven methods are mostly linear approaches and cannot capture the dynamics of infectious disease transmission. Additionally, statistical models depend heavily on assumptions, making real-time infection prediction challenging. Thus, deep learning is employed to model without losing the temporal component.

Conclusion:

Real-time prediction of health care needs using machine learning and MDS can be useful to policymakers by enabling them to better deploy and allocate health care resources, which is useful to patients and front-line health care providers. More detailed predictions for regions and diseases are also anticipated.
Thailand EMT Domestic Response During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Yothasamutr Kasemsuk , Pathomwanitka Thiradet , Sawanpanyalert Narumol
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

Thailand Emergency Medical Team (Thailand EMT) was verified by the WHO in 2019 as a Type 1 fixed EMT. The second wave of COVID-19 hit the country in December 2020. Samut Sakhon province was the center of the spread with many migrant workers infected. Several field hospitals were set up, one being situated in the compound of a Buddhist Temple, Wat Krok Krak. Thailand EMT was tasked in setting up and running the operation here in the initial phase.

Objectives:

To describe Thailand EMT’s experience in operating a COVID-19 field hospital.

Method/Description:

On December 30, 2020, 16 members of the Thailand EMT were deployed to the Wat Krok Krak Field Hospital. The team comprised of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and emergency medical technicians who also functioned as logistic officers. Patients were admitted in groups every day. Physicians communicated with patients by using a telemedicine system to monitor patients clinically.

Results/Outcomes:

From December 31, 2020 through January 6, 2021, 143 COVID-19 patients were admitted. There were 104 female and 39 male patients. Patients were between 16 and 54 years of age, with a mean of 31.5 years. All were foreigner workers from nearby countries. Three patients had to be referred to a tertiary hospital. The rest of the patients were eventually discharged.

Conclusion:

Thailand EMT was able to adapt and deployed to operate a COVID-19 field hospital. Collaboration with relevant agencies and local authorities played a key role. This deployment, although within Thailand, was a good learning opportunity for the team to prepare for future operations.

Tables and Figures (optional)
The EU-MODEX Blended Full-Scale Exercise: A Review
Authors: Carbini Federico , Angeli Valentina , Bortolin Michelangelo , Merlo Federico , Ragazzoni Luca
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU-MODEX exercise had to rethink its logistics in order to promote safer environments for its participants.1

Objectives:

To describe the Blended EU-MODEX exercise as a method to minimize the risk of COVID-19 contagion and the role of CRIMEDIM during such innovative approach.

Method/Description:

The first post-COVID-19 EU-MODEX exercise was performed in October 2021. To avoid travels, three EMTs from Austria, Romania, and Estonia virtually deployed in a fictious country hit by a typhoon, operated independently in their own country. The Excon worked remotely from Germany. The interoperability among the EMTs was simulated using an online tool. When a patient, simulated by a local role player, needed a transfer from the EMT1 in Romania or Austria, all clinical information were shared online and a new role player was prepared with that information to continue the simulation in Estonia. CRIMEDIM personnel located at each EMT were tasked to ensure the consistency and the quality of all the clinical cases, matching the clinical information of the incoming patient with the new role player, especially regarding the treatment received and the makeup instruction.

Results/Outcomes:

During the exercise, 425 clinical cases were played by the three EMTs. The exercise lasted for 60 hours and provided unique challenges due to its blended nature. No COVID-19 outbreaks were registered following the exercise.

Conclusion:

The experience of the Blended EU-MODEX exercise showed the potentiality of the virtual simulation environment as an effective alternative to avoid secondary contagion as well as reduce costs.
An Innovative Database of Clinical Cases to Improve the Realism of Full-Scale Exercises
Authors: Crimaldi Federico , Zulliani M. , Porta L. , Bortolin Michelangelo , Merlo Federico , Ragazzoni Luca
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

Simulation is an “educational method that can be applied to the training of processes, technical, and non-technical skills.” Literature underlines how simulating with the maximum realism possible improves the quality of training.

Objectives:

To describe the methodology used by CRIMEDIM to create a high-quality database of clinical cases to improve the realism of the EU MODEX exercises.

Method/Description:

In 2021, CRIMEDIM created a new database of clinical cases with disaster and non-disaster-related injuries and diseases to be used for the EU MODEX exercises. Each clinical case has four temporal stages: prehospital, T0, T1, and T2, and each of them has two possible variations: Type A (improvement) and Type B (deterioration). Timing and treatments received (or not received) determine the evolution between one step and the following one. Each clinical case consists of past medical history, disaster-related history, drugs, and allergies. There are also various exams (eg, blood tests [blood count, ABG, biochemical test, coagulation], imaging [ultrasound, XR, CT], and EKG) and other clinical information. The database allows printing casualty cards, each containing instructions for role players and make-up artists.

Results/Outcomes:

At this moment, the database consists of 1,174 clinical cases, with the possibility to create new cases according to different disaster scenarios, training needs, and learning objectives.

Conclusion:

According to participants’ feedback, the introduction of such an innovative and comprehensive database seemed to have improved the quality and the realism of the Medical EU MODEX.
Bringing EU law back down to Earth
Authors: O'Brien Charlotte
Published: November 2022

Traditional approaches to teaching EU law can seem almost deliberately alienating; there is a lot of incomprehensible stodge that students are told they ‘just have to get through’ before they can really begin. So courses start with memorising technical terminology, institutional facts and then some principles that, without context, can just seem like more jargon. By the time they move on to case-law and legislation, the idea that these things are useful domestic tools has long since vanished. Instead, a contextual approach mitigates a trio of risks that have beset traditional EU law teaching – the risks of excessive positivism, excessive abstraction and excessive black-letter lawyering. Context requires critical engagement with, rather than simple absorption of, law; it makes the law accessible and applicable; and it involves socio-legal and interdisciplinary methods and materials. It is, of course, risky in different ways – but we should have a greater appetite for risks related not to cognitive stagnation, but to intellectual challenge.
Incongruous pedagogy: on teaching feminism, law and humour during the pandemic
Authors: Dutta Debolina
Published: November 2022

In the wake of the devastating second wave of the pandemic in India, I taught an elective subject called ‘A Politics of Frivolity? Feminism, Law and Humour’. I offered a subject that intellectually embraced frivolity, precisely for the purpose of responding to the serious anguish and hopelessness of the pandemic. That the study of law is serious business works as (almost) a truism. Understandably, laughter seldom goes with it. Feminists, and feminisms, have also attained a similar reputation or stereotype of being humourless and killjoys. Given this antithetical relationship that humour and laughter shared with both law and feminism, their friendship was not easily foreseeable, working to infuse their combined study with an element of surprise and incongruity. This essay offers an account of my experience of teaching the subject during these dark times. It is a reconstruction partly from my class notes and partly from scribblings and memory. I reflect on a selected set of materials that I taught in the class, how these were received, the questions they raised and how the context enlivened the materials.
Mantle Tomography of Central‐Eastern USA: Influence of Inversion Volume Size
Authors: Liang Xuran , Zhao Dapeng , Hua Yuanyuan , Xu Yi‐Gang
Published: November 2022

Teleseismic tomography is a powerful tool to study the 3‐D structure of the upper mantle beneath a local seismic network, but the robustness of its images has been challenged by the increasing size of the study volume in recent studies. This is because teleseismic tomography uses relative travel‐time residuals (RTTRs) that are contaminated more by the whole‐mantle heterogeneity for a larger study region. In this work, we correct the RTTRs of teleseismic events for the mantle heterogeneities outside the study volume using two global tomographic models. Our results show that the whole‐mantle correction is necessary when a study region is wider than ∼10°, and the maximum outside residual reaches 1.2 s for a study region of ∼35° wide. After the whole‐mantle correction, those teleseismic events with a large ray spread angle are still useful for tomographic imaging. Applying this approach to teleseismic travel‐time data recorded by the USArray, we obtain a high‐resolution 3‐D P‐wave velocity (Vp) model beneath the central and eastern United States. It shows three low‐velocity anomalies beneath the New Madrid Seismic Zone, the East Tennessee Seismic Zone, and the South Carolina Seismic Zone, suggesting that lithospheric weakness induced by fluids may play an important role in reactivating the intraplate seismic zones. The passage of the Bermuda hotspot and remnants of the subducted Farallon slab in the lower mantle might be responsible for the fluid release and lithospheric weakening, which reactivated ancient rifts and suture zones in the crust and facilitated the formation of the intraplate seismic zones.
Impact of ENSO on the Entrance of the Indonesian Throughflow: The Oceanic Wave Propagation
Authors: Hu Xiaoyue , Xue Huijie , Liang Linlin
Published: November 2022

A regional ocean model simulation for the period from 2000 through 2016 is used to study oceanic wave propagation in the Indonesian seas. The model simulation compares favorably with the interannual variability of the satellite derived sea level anomaly and the observed currents in the entrance passages of ITF. Lag correlation analysis suggests that the interannual sea level anomaly and opposite responses of the velocity above and below the thermocline in the western (the Sulawesi Sea and the Makassar Strait) and eastern (the Halmahera Sea) pathways of ITF are associated with the ENSO induced Rossby waves from the equatorial Pacific rather than the local wind forcing. In particular, during La Niña years ENSO induced anomalies traveling through the western pathway are comparable to those through the traditional eastern waveguide, suggesting the importance of both pathways in the propagation of ENSO signals in the Indonesian seas. Different roles of the western and eastern pathways in transmitting the ENSO signals into the Indonesian seas are associated with the nonlinear processes in the Sulawesi Sea, which appears to be linked with different states of the western boundary currents during the warm and cold ENSO phases.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection
Authors: Nishimi Kristen , Neylan Thomas C. , Bertenthal Daniel , Dolsen Emily A. , Seal Karen H. , O’Donovan Aoife
Published: November 2022

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for physical illnesses and early mortality. However, we do not know if it also increases the risk for adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this retrospective cohort study, we examined associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with risk for hospitalization and death in the 60 days following a COVID-19 infection in 228,367 U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between February 2020 and August 2021 (age m = 60.6, 89.5% male). Generalized linear models estimated associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with outcomes following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, adjusting for socio-demographic, medical, and behavioral factors. Among 228,367 VA patients, 25.6% had PTSD, and 28.2% had a psychiatric disorder other than PTSD. In the 60 days following a positive COVID-19 test, 15% of patients were hospitalized, and 6% died. Patients with PTSD had an increased risk for both hospitalization (adjusted relative risk, ARR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.15–1.21) and death (ARR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19) relative to those with no psychiatric disorders, adjusting for socio-demographics. Estimates remained significant when models were additionally adjusted for medical comorbidities and smoking. Patients with other psychiatric disorders also had an increased risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, with larger effect sizes than PTSD in older (≥65 years) but not younger patients. In this large-scale study of VA patients, individuals with PTSD, and other psychiatric disorders, had heightened vulnerability to severe adverse outcomes of COVID-19; thus, individuals with PTSD should also be considered at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and potentially prioritized for vaccination, screening, and early treatment intervention for COVID-19.
Gut to lung translocation and antibiotic mediated selection shape the dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an ICU patient
Authors: Wheatley Rachel M. , Caballero Julio Diaz , van der Schalk Thomas E. , De Winter Fien H. R. , Shaw Liam P. , Kapel Natalia , Recanatini Claudia , Timbermont Leen , Kluytmans Jan , Esser Mark , Lacoma Alicia , Prat-Aymerich Cristina , Oliver Antonio , Kumar-Singh Samir , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Craig MacLean R.
Published: November 2022

Bacteria have the potential to translocate between sites in the human body, but the dynamics and consequences of within-host bacterial migration remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the link between gut and lungPseudomonas aeruginosapopulations in an intensively sampled ICU patient using a combination of genomics, isolate phenotyping, host immunity profiling, and clinical data. Crucially, we show that lung colonization in the ICU was driven by the translocation ofP. aeruginosafrom the gut. Meropenem treatment for a suspected urinary tract infection selected for elevated resistance in both the gut and lung. However, resistance was driven by parallel evolution in the gut and lung coupled with organ specific selective pressures, and translocation had only a minor impact on AMR. These findings suggest that reducing intestinal colonization ofPseudomonasmay be an effective way to prevent lung infections in critically ill patients.
Genomic signatures of recent convergent transitions to social life in spiders
Authors: Tong Chao , Avilés Leticia , Rayor Linda S. , Mikheyev Alexander S. , Linksvayer Timothy A.
Published: November 2022

The transition from solitary to social life is a major phenotypic innovation, but its genetic underpinnings are largely unknown. To identify genomic changes associated with this transition, we compare the genomes of 22 spider species representing eight recent and independent origins of sociality. Hundreds of genes tend to experience shifts in selection during the repeated transition to social life. These genes are associated with several key functions, such as neurogenesis, behavior, and metabolism, and include genes that previously have been implicated in animal social behavior and human behavioral disorders. In addition, social species have elevated genome-wide rates of molecular evolution associated with relaxed selection caused by reduced effective population size. Altogether, our study provides unprecedented insights into the genomic signatures of social evolution and the specific genetic changes that repeatedly underpin the evolution of sociality. Our study also highlights the heretofore unappreciated potential of transcriptomics using ethanol-preserved specimens for comparative genomics and phylotranscriptomics.
Structural basis for activation of DNMT1
Authors: Kikuchi Amika , Onoda Hiroki , Yamaguchi Kosuke , Kori Satomi , Matsuzawa Shun , Chiba Yoshie , Tanimoto Shota , Yoshimi Sae , Sato Hiroki , Yamagata Atsushi , Shirouzu Mikako , Adachi Naruhiko , Sharif Jafar , Koseki Haruhiko , Nishiyama Atsuya , Nakanishi Makoto , Defossez Pierre-Antoine , Arita Kyohei
Published: November 2022

DNMT1 is an essential enzyme that maintains genomic DNA methylation, and its function is regulated by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human DNMT1 bound to its two natural activators: hemimethylated DNA and ubiquitinated histone H3. We find that a hitherto unstudied linker, between the RFTS and CXXC domains, plays a key role for activation. It contains a conserved α-helix which engages a crucial “Toggle” pocket, displacing a previously described inhibitory linker, and allowing the DNA Recognition Helix to spring into the active conformation. This is accompanied by large-scale reorganization of the inhibitory RFTS and CXXC domains, allowing the enzyme to gain full activity. Our results therefore provide a mechanistic basis for the activation of DNMT1, with consequences for basic research and drug design.
Neuromodulatory effects of theta burst stimulation to the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Moffa Adriano H. , Boonstra Tjeerd W. , Wang Ashley , Martin Donel , Loo Colleen , Nikolin Stevan
Published: November 2022

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a new form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) capable of non-invasively modulating cortical excitability. In recent years TBS has been increasingly used as a neuroscientific investigative tool and therapeutic intervention for psychiatric disorders, in which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is often the primary target. However, the neuromodulatory effects of TBS on prefrontal regions remain unclear. Here we share EEG and ECG recordings and structural MRI scans, including high-resolution DTI, from twenty-four healthy participants who received intermittent TBS (two sessions), continuous TBS (two sessions), and sham stimulation (one session) applied to the left DLPFC using a single-blinded crossover design. Each session includes eyes-open resting-state EEG and single-pulse TMS-EEG obtained before TBS and 2−, 15−, and 30-minutes post-stimulation. This dataset enables foundational basic science investigations into the neuromodulatory effects of TBS on the DLPFC.
Effects of foliar application of humic acid extracts and indole acetic acid on important growth indices of canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Hemati Arash , Alikhani Hossein Ali , Babaei Mehdi , Ajdanian Ladan , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , van Hullebusch Eric D.
Published: November 2022

Vermicompost (VC) is a rich source of HA that improves plant growth and yield indices such as fresh and dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value. In this study, the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola (Brassica napus) in greenhouse conditions were compared. According to the results, the foliar application of HA extracted from VC had complete superiority over CHA and IAA in most traits except for the leaf number. Furthermore, the highest level of foliar application of HA (600 mg L−1) enriched withAzotobacter chroococcum(21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens(Ps 59) (HA-AS) generated the highest height, diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value. Also, the highest stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed with the application of 600 mg L−1HA extracted from VC enriched with nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus (HA-NSP) compared to the other treatments. Besides, dry and fresh weights and seed yield under HA-NSP and HA-AS treatments were at their highest rate. Among the extracted HAs, the one extracted from the nitrogen enriched VC had the lowest efficiency. Based on the present study, the HA extracted from VC enriched withAzotobacter,Pseudomonasand NSP is recommended to increase canola growth and production.
Effects of interfacial dynamics on the damping of biocomposites
Authors: Tian Yufeng , Kim Wonsuk , Kiziltas Alper , Mielewski Deborah , Argento Alan
Published: November 2022

A damping model is developed based on the mechanism of interfacial interaction in nanoscale particle reinforced composites. The model includes the elasticity of the materials and the effects of interfacial adhesion hysteresis. Specific results are given for the case of bio-based PA610 polyamide reinforced by nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), based on a previous study that showed this composite possesses very high damping. The presence of hydrogen bonding at the interface between the particle and matrix and the large interfacial area due to the filler’s nano size are shown to be the main causes of the high damping enhancement. The influence of other parameters, such as interfacial distance and stiffness of the matrix materials are also discussed. The modeling work can be used as a guide in designing composites with good damping properties.
Discovery and classification of complex multimorbidity patterns: unravelling chronicity networks and their social profiles
Authors: Alvarez-Galvez Javier , Vegas-Lozano Esteban
Published: November 2022

Multimorbidity can be defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual. This condition is associated with reduced quality of life, increased disability, greater functional impairment, increased health care utilisation, greater fragmentation of care and complexity of treatment, and increased mortality. Thus, understanding its epidemiology and inherent complexity is essential to improve the quality of life of patients and to reduce the costs associated with multi-pathology. In this paper, using data from the European Health Survey, we explore the application of Mixed Graphical Models and its combination with social network analysis techniques for the discovery and classification of complex multimorbidity patterns. The results obtained show the usefulness and versatility of this approach for the study of multimorbidity based on the use of graphs, which offer the researcher a holistic view of the relational structure of data with variables of different types and high dimensionality.
One-step metallization of weft-knitted fabrics for wearable biaxial strain sensors
Authors: Tai Chao-Yi , Lin Chun-Yu , Liu Tang-Chun , Jia Lu-Chiang , Jones Thomas , Abdolvand Amin
Published: November 2022

One-step direct patterning of high definition conductive tracks in textiles is realized through laser direct writing in combination with a silver organometallic ink developed in-house. Photoreduction, nano-crystallization, and sintering are accomplished in one pass under the irradiation of a CW green laser light (λ = 532 nm) at moderate intensities (I ≥ 95 mW/mm2). By tailoring the surface tension and viscosity of the ink, high-definition conductive tracks are formed in weft-knitted polyester-Spandex composite fabrics, well-following the laser’s profile with negligible coffee stain effect. Length resistance as low as 4 Ω/cm is measured and anisotropy of the gauge factor as high as 25 is achieved. The metallized fabric exhibits reversible and hysteresis-free electromechanical responses subject to high strains. Durability assessment qualifies that the as-metallized strain sensors are able to sustain their performance for over 5000 stretch/release cycles, demonstrating its potential applications in biaxial strain sensing and interactive smart textiles.
dTMP imbalance through thymidylate 5′-phosphohydrolase activity induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancers
Authors: Kim Dae-Ho , Kim Jin-Sook , Mok Chang-Soo , Chang En-Hyung , Choi Jiwon , Lim Junsub , Kim Chul-Ho , Park Ah-Reum , Bae Yu-Jeong , Koo Bong-Seong , Lee Hyeon-Cheol
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapy has a number of advantages over traditional anti-tumor therapy but can cause severe adverse reactions due to an overactive immune system. In contrast, a novel metabolic treatment approach can induce metabolic vulnerability through multiple cancer cell targets. Here, we show a therapeutic effect by inducing nucleotide imbalance and apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), by treating with cytosolic thymidylate 5'-phosphohydrolase (CT). We show that a sustained consumption of dTMP by CT could induce dNTP imbalance, leading to apoptosis as tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were depleted to mitigate this imbalance. These cytotoxic effects appeared to be different, depending on substrate specificity of the 5′ nucleotide or metabolic dependency of the cancer cell lines. Using representative TNBC cell lines, we reveal how the TNBC cells were affected by CT-transfection through extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)/oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis and differential transcription/expression levels. We suggest a novel approach for treating refractory TNBC by an mRNA drug that can exploit metabolic dependencies to exacerbate cell metabolic vulnerability.
Lodging resistance of rice plants studied from the perspective of culm mechanical properties, carbon framework, free volume, and chemical composition
Authors: Liu Qing , Yin Chongshan , Li Xi , He Chunqing , Ding Zhi , Du Xuan
Published: November 2022

In this study, four varieties of rice were cultivated on the same farmland under same conditions and for same duration. However, their lodging resistance was found to be obviously different from each other. Herein, three key factors that highly influenced the lodging resistance were identified. First, in terms of morphological trait, in contrast to the generally believed theory that the overall thickness of the fresh culm wall governs the strength, the thickness of the depressed region of the dried basal culm wall largely determined the mechanical properties by acting as the weak link. This depressed region represents the vulnerable part with high syneresis rate. Second, the culm and its carbon framework exhibited sufficient strength and rigidity for both support and stability of the rice stem. The constraint of high lodging resistance of rice plants is attributed to the culm flexibility. Furthermore, the results of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy corroborate that the most amorphous part and the highest-fraction free volume in the culm carbon framework were found for samples that exhibited high lodging resistance. This result confirmed the significant influence of the culm flexibility on lodging resistance. Third, a higher level of nitrogen element content in the basal culm can benefit its growth and development, which may contribute to an increase in lodging resistance of rice plants.
Dark wing pigmentation as a mechanism for improved flight efficiency in the Larinae
Authors: Goumas Madeleine
Published: November 2022

There are many hypotheses explaining the diversity of colours and patterns found in nature, but they are often difficult to examine empirically. Recent studies show the dark upperside of gliding birds’ wings could reduce drag by decreasing the density of surrounding air. It may therefore be expected that species with darker wings have less efficient morphology than their paler counterparts. I conducted an analysis of the Larinae (gulls), which exhibit extreme variation in wing (mantle and wingtip) melanization, to test whether wing loading is a predictor of wing darkness. I found that, for each standard deviation increase in wing loading, mantle darkness is predicted to increase by 1.2 shades on the Kodak grey scale. Wing loading is also positively related to the proportion of black on wingtips. Furthermore, heavier species have lower aspect ratio wings, suggesting that dark wings have evolved to improve the trade-off between maneuverability and long distance flight.
Sequential fear generalization and network connectivity in trauma exposed humans with and without psychopathology
Authors: Zhu Xi , Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Lazarov Amit , Such Sara , Marohasy Caroline , Small Scott S. , Wager Tor D. , Lindquist Martin A. , Lissek Shmuel , Neria Yuval
Published: November 2022

While impaired fear generalization is known to underlie a wide range of psychopathology, the extent to which exposure to trauma by itself results in deficient fear generalization and its neural abnormalities is yet to be studied. Similarly, the neural function of intact fear generalization in people who endured trauma and did not develop significant psychopathology is yet to be characterized. Here, we utilize a generalization fMRI task, and a network connectivity approach to clarify putative behavioral and neural markers of trauma and resilience. The generalization task enables longitudinal assessments of threat discrimination learning. Trauma-exposed participants (TE; N = 62), compared to healthy controls (HC; N = 26), show lower activity reduction in salience network (SN) and right executive control network (RECN) across the two sequential generalization stages, and worse discrimination learning in SN measured by linear deviation scores (LDS). Comparison of resilient, trauma-exposed healthy control participants (TEHC; N = 31), trauma exposed individuals presenting with psychopathology (TEPG; N = 31), and HC, reveals a resilience signature of network connectivity differences in the RECN during generalization learning measured by LDS. These findings may indicate a trauma exposure phenotype that has the potential to advance the development of innovative treatments by targeting and engaging specific neural dysfunction among trauma-exposed individuals, across different psychopathologies.
Strong double space-time wave packets using optical parametric amplification
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: November 2022

The space-time (ST) wave packet, a type of light source with many anomalous behaviors, has already found application in weak-field optics, however its generation method limits its energy and therefore its application in strong-field optics. Here we show that the type-I collinear optical parametric amplification (OPA) is a natural amplifier for a ST wave packet, because in it, the ST spectrum (i.e., angle-dependent phase-matching spectrum) of the signal and idler has the same analytical expression as that of a ST wave packet under the narrowband approximation. The high gain in a thin-crystal OPA allows for large energy amplification while ensuring unchanged ST correlation. Meanwhile, a double ST wave packet containing two collinear-propagating ones of the amplified signal and the generated idler via the nondegenerate OPA is reported, which with short- and long-wavelengths (relative to the degenerate-wavelength) have superluminal and subluminal velocities, respectively. This study realizes energy amplification, wavelength conversion, and velocity switching of a ST wave packet and will expand its application in many fields.
Thermostability and in vivo performance of AAV9 in a film matrix
Authors: Doan Trang Nguyen Kieu , Le Matthew D. , Bajrovic Irnela , Celentano Lorne , Krause Charles , Balyan Haley Grooms , Svancarek Abbie , Mote Angela , Tretiakova Anna , Jude Samulski R. , Croyle Maria A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are stored and shipped frozen which poses logistic and economic barriers for global access to these therapeutics. To address this issue, we developed a method to stabilize AAV serotype 9 (AAV9) in a film matrix that can be stored at ambient temperature and administered by systemic injection.

Methods

AAV9 expressing the luciferase transgene was mixed with formulations, poured into molds and films dried under aseptic conditions. Films were packaged in individual particle-free bags with foil overlays and stored at various temperatures under controlled humidity. Recovery of AAV9 from films was determined by serial dilution of rehydrated film in media and infection of HeLa RC32 cells. Luciferase expression was compared to that of films rehydrated immediately after drying. Biodistribution of vector was determined by in vivo imaging and quantitative real-time PCR. Residual moisture in films was determined by Karl Fischer titration.

Results

AAV9 embedded within a film matrix and stored at 4 °C for 5 months retained 100% of initial titer. High and low viscosity formulations maintained 90 and 85% of initial titer after 6 months at 25 °C respectively. AAV was not detected after 4 months in a Standard Control Formulation under the same conditions. Biodistribution and transgene expression of AAV stored in film at 25 or 4 °C were as robust as vector stored at −80 °C in a Standard Control Formulation.

Conclusions

These results suggest that storage of AAV in a film matrix facilitates easy transport of vector to remote sites without compromising in vivo performance.
Time-domain stepwise encoding based on a stepped photon emission material
Authors: Liu Miao , Li Yanzhong , Xu Ming , Li Fuyou
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate tunable lifetimes (sub-milliseconds and seconds) at the same emission wavelength of a material, along with an abrupt intensity change between the two emission states.
Rapid growth technology and optical properties of a large aperture high-deuterium DKDP crystal
Authors: Hu Ziyu , Li Pengfei , Sun Yuanlong , Li Jingwen , Zheng Guozong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a concept of establishing a uniform temperature field range and a “double-layer four-stage continuous filtration circulation system (DF-CFCS)” during crystal growth have been proposed.
Sputtering onto liquids: how does the liquid viscosity affect the formation of nanoparticles and metal films?
Authors: Sergievskaya Anastasiya , Absil Rémi , Chauvin Adrien , Yusenko Kirill V. , Veselý Jozef , Godfroid Thomas , Konstantinidis Stephanos
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on the effect of the solvent viscosity on the formation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) during the sputtering onto liquid (SoL) process.
Systematicin situhydration neutron reflectometry study on Nafion thin films
Authors: Cavaye Hamish , Welbourn Rebecca J. L. , Gluschke Jan G. , Hughes Paul , Nguyen Ky V. , Micolich Adam P. , Meredith Paul , Mostert A. Bernardus
Published: November 2022

Nafion thin films continuously form an increasing number of lamellae layers (highQpeak) near a substrate surface with increasing hydration content, as opposed to exhibiting a phase transition like change.
A molecular dynamics investigation of Taq DNA polymerase and its complex with a DNA substrate using a solid-state nanopore biosensor
Authors: Hu Gang , Xi Guohao , Yan Han , Gao Zhuwei , Wu Ziqing , Lu Zuhong , Tu Jing
Published: November 2022

The supplement of non-covalent interaction can be used to explain the current difference of molecules with similar excluded volume in nanopore experiments.
Digitization of the electron shellviathe localized orbital locator formalism: trends in the size and electronegativity changes of atoms across the periodic table
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Semenov Valentin A. , Vashchenko Alexander V.
Published: November 2022

The parameters of the (3,−3) critical point in the topology of the localized orbital locator inside the electron shell reflect regularity in the change of basic atom properties across the periodic table.
A new high capacity cathode material for Li/Na-ion batteries: dihafnium sulfide (Hf2S)
Authors: Kadioglu Yelda
Published: November 2022

Structural and electronic properties of the newly synthesized dihafnium sulfide (Hf2S) monolayer were investigated in this study.
The surface site interaction point approach to non-covalent interactions
Authors: Storer Maria Chiara , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: November 2022

Non-covalent interactions are described using the SSIPs. Simple rules of thumb for predicting binding constants for any functional group interaction in any solvent are described, as well as general treatments of molecular properties like partition.
Enhanced activity of bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes in nickel–NHC catalyzed Kumada–Corriu cross-coupling of aryl tosylates
Authors: Kardela Marlena , Halikowska-Tarasek Katarzyna , Szostak Michal , Bisz Elwira
Published: November 2022

We report the cross-coupling of aryl tosylates by Ni–NHC catalysis using bulky NHC ligands. A notable feature is the combination of ‘fluoride effect’ to minimize homocoupling and IPr*MeOthat enhances the activity of Ni in cross-coupling.
Thermal decomposition mechanism and kinetics of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated carboxylic acids: a theoretical study
Authors: Khan M. Yasir , Song Jiaou , Narimani Milad , da Silva Gabriel
Published: November 2022

PFOA decomposition initiatesviaHF elimination and formation of perfluorinated α-lactone. Perfluorinated α-lactone readily releases CO, forming perfluorinated acyl fluoride. Wet-decomposition completely mineralizes PFOA to HF, COx, COF2, and CF2.
Extracellular polymeric substances enhance dissolution and microbial methylation of mercury sulfide minerals
Authors: Zhang Zhanhua , Zhao Zhenyu , Fang Qingxuan , Qiao Ruohong , Zhang Tong
Published: November 2022

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) enhance the dissolution of bulk and nano-scale cinnabar (α-HgS), leading to the release of mercury species that are available for microbial methylmercury (MeHg) production.
Food-related engineered nanoparticles and food-grade TiO2 impact the metabolism of a human commensal bacterial strain in physiologically relevant conditions
Authors: Zhang Yirong , Huang Wenqian , Li Minjie , Li Fangfang , Li Lingxiangyu , Mortimer Monika , Guo Liang-Hong
Published: November 2022

Ag, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles and food-grade TiO2 impact antagonistic activity of oral bacteria cultivated in artificial saliva.
The interaction between tea polyphenols and wheat gluten in dough formation and bread making
Authors: Qin Wangyan , Pi Junxiang , Zhang Genyi
Published: November 2022

The effect of tea polyphenols (TPL) on the gluten network structure in TPL-fortified bread and dough systems was investigated.
Brønsted acid catalysis opens a new route to polythiolesters via the direct condensation of thiolactic acid to thiolactide
Authors: Narmon An Sofie , Leys Evelien , Khalil Ibrahim , Ivanushkin Gleb , Dusselier Michiel
Published: November 2022

Brønsted acid catalysts enable a more sustainable synthesis method for thiolactide by directly dehydrating thiolactic acid with high atom economy and low ecology factor. Polythiolactones show potential for improved degradation and chemical recycling.
High resolution energy dispersive spectrometry (HiREDS), a new tool for X-ray emission work
Authors: Reis M. A. , Chaves P. C. , Fonseca G. R. , Bühler M. , Fleischmann A. , Herbst M. , Karydas A. G. , Phelan K.
Published: November 2022

New software for X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometers' pulse processing and spectral fitting allows fast access to all lines fully resolved M spectra. A XAHRM-Lab single pixel MMC based system will provide these for PIXE and PIXE induced XRF.
Design and validation of a flowless gradient generating microfluidic device for high-throughput drug testing
Authors: Bachal Ketaki , Yadav Shital , Gandhi Prasanna , Majumder Abhijit
Published: November 2022

Drug testing is a vital step in the identification of the potential efficacy of any new/existing drug and/or combinations of drugs. Here, a novel diffusion based microfabricated gradient generator makes drug testing user-friendly and error free.
Aligning curved stacking bands to simultaneously strengthen and toughen lamellar materials
Authors: Jiang Yanqiu , Guo Fan , Zhang Jiacheng , Xu Zhen , Wang Fang , Cai Shengying , Liu Yingjun , Han Yi , Chen Chen , Liu Yilun , Gao Weiwei , Gao Chao
Published: November 2022

Introducing aligned curved stacking bands can activate strain hardening, defect isolation and crack deflection at the same time, which simultaneously enhances the strength and toughness of lamellar films.
Ultra-thin membrane filter with a uniformly arrayed nanopore structure for nanoscale separation of extracellular vesicles without cake formation
Authors: Kim Daesan , Lee Jaehyuk , Kim Boyoung , Shin Yujin , Park Jinhong , Kim Uijoo , Lee Minbaek , Kim Sang Bum , Kim Sunghoon
Published: November 2022

We achieved filtration of an extracellular vesicle (EV) enrichment sample using a nanoporous and ultra-thin membrane structure (NUTS). It allows precise control of the pore size of the membrane via MEMS, enabling accurate size-based isolation.
ZnO–ferromagnetic metal vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films for magnetic, optical and acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Paldi Robynne L. , Kalaswad Matias , Lu Juanjuan , Barnard James P. , Richter Nicholas A. , Si Mengwei , Bhatt Nirali A. , Ye Peide D. , Sarma Raktim , Siddiqui Aleem , Huang Jijie , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2022

Magnetoacoustic waves generated in piezoelectric and ferromagnetic coupled nanocomposite films through magnetically driven surface acoustic waves present great promise of loss-less data transmissions.
Modeling of a two-stage polymerization considering glass fibre sizing using molecular dynamics
Authors: Schöller Lukas , Nestler Britta , Denniston Colin
Published: November 2022

A method for simulating the two-step curing reaction of a fiber–size–resin system is presented, and a spatial analysis of the system is performed.
Acid-triggeredin vivoaggregation of Janus nanoparticles for enhanced imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Wei Ruixue , Li Zhe , Kang Bilun , Fu Gaoliang , Zhang Ke , Xue Mengzhou
Published: November 2022

pH-responsive aggregation of Au–Fe3O4Janus nanoparticles enhanced the accumulation in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and can be used in dual-modality tumor-specific imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
Thermally stable carbazole tagged Au(i)–mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with diverse gold–hydrogen bonds
Authors: Kalaivanan Subramaniyam , Moulali Vaddamanu , Siddhant Kumar , Velappan Kavitha , Hisano Kyohei , Tsutsumi Osamu , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: November 2022

Carbazole tagged abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene–gold(i) complexes with unique gold hydrogen bonding interactions and thermal properties are reported.
Magneto-plasmonic nanostructures for SERS: magnetite decorated by silver and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Sirgedaite Gytaute , Talaikis Martynas , Niaura Gediminas , Mikoliunaite Lina
Published: November 2022

Magnetic nanoparticles could be decorated with plasmonic NPs via modification of various polymers or silanes, and the order of the decoration with AgNPs or AuNPs makes a difference in the obtained signal enhancement.
A turn-on bis-BODIPY chemosensor for copper recognition based on the in situ generation of a benzimidazole–triazole receptor and its applications in bioimaging
Authors: Saiyasombat Worakrit , Nuchpun Sopon , Katewongsa Kanlaya Prapainop , Pornsuwan Soraya , Weigand Jan J. , Kiatisevi Supavadee
Published: November 2022

A bis-BODIPY-based fluorescent probe (BODIPY-NN) is developed for Cu2+ detection in aqueous solutions and living cells. The sensing mechanism is based on the in situ generation of a benzimidazole–triazole receptor induced by Cu2+ ions.
An innovative hybrid biosorbent composed of nano ZnO and marine macro algaeJania rubensembedded in an alginate/PVA matrix: insights into Pb2+removal in water
Authors: Kumar Kadimpati Kishore , Sujatha Sanneboina , Skarka Wojciech , Monfort Olivier
Published: November 2022

Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) combined with aJania rubens(JR) biosorbent have been embedded in a sodium alginate (SA)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix.
Dual-response thermosensitive microcapsules based on hydrogel
Authors: Liu Yibin , Liu Chenyang , Liu Jianghao , Qiao Yun , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhou Yang , Li Gongming , Yang Zhitong , Li Zhenzhen , Sun Zhicheng
Published: November 2022

In this study, dual-response thermosensitive microcapsules have been developed to induce reversible discoloration or expansion (tactile) feedback at different temperatures.
Nanoscale pulverization effect in double-layered MOF-derived hierarchical G/Co@C composites for boosting electromagnetic wave dissipation
Authors: Zeng Guanjie , Huang Xiaozhong , Hu Hailong , Yue Jianling , Liu Yu , Fan Benhui , Huang Jia , Tang Xiu-Zhi
Published: November 2022

The MOFs derived Co/C nanoparticles decorated RGO composite prepared by thermal stress variations caused pulverization effect realized a microwave-absorption performance enhancement.
Two dimensional materials are non-nanotoxic and biocompatible towards cyclotides: evidence from classical molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ghosh Anupam , Mukhopadhyay Titas Kumar , Datta Ayan
Published: November 2022

MD simulations reveal that graphene and boron nitride are biocompatible with cyclotides, a family of backbone-cyclized disulfide-rich circular peptides, and the hybrid materials are expected to be used in bio-nanomedicine.
Assembly of polyelectrolyte star block copolymers at the oil–water interface
Authors: Carrillo Jan-Michael Y. , Chen Zhan , Premadasa Uvinduni I. , Steinmetz Christian , Coughlin E. Bryan , Doughty Benjamin , Russell Thomas P. , Sumpter Bobby G.
Published: November 2022

An integrated experimental and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study of charged star-block copolymer assembly processes at the oil–water interface exploring the effects of block copolymer architecture and charge fraction.
Achieving high elasticity of trans-1,4-polyisoprene with a combination of radiation crosslinking and thiol–ene grafting
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhang Chunbo , Yang Bo , Zhang Xiuqin , Dong Xia , Wang Dujin , Liu Guoming
Published: November 2022

A two-step method to modify trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI): first, TPI is crosslinked by γ-ray; then, the crosslinked TPI is grafted with n-dodecanethiol by thiol–ene click chemistry. The modified TPI shows high elasticity.
The synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework/prussian blue analogue heterostructure composites and their application in supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Xinyue , Jing Qingling , Sun Fancheng , Pang Huan
Published: November 2022

ZIF-67/PBA heterostructure composites was prepared by the ion-exchange method with ZIF-67 nanoparticles as host MOFs. The electrochemical performance of the ZIF-67/PBA heterostructure composites improved after low-temperature calcination.