bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baltikinin: A New Myotropic Tryptophyllin-3 Peptide Isolated from the Skin Secretion of the Purple-Sided Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa baltea
Authors: Shi Daning , Xi Xinping , Wang Lei , Gao Yitian , Ma Chengbang , Chen Hang , Zhou Mei , Chen Tianbao , Shaw Chris
Published: July 2016

Here we report the identification of a novel tryptophyllin-3 peptide with arterial smooth muscle relaxation activity from the skin secretion of the purple-sided leaf frog, Phyllomedusa baltea. This new peptide was named baltikinin and had the following primary structure, pGluDKPFGPPPIYPV, as determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation sequencing and from cloned skin precursor-encoding cDNA. A synthetic replicate of baltikinin was found to have a similar potency to bradykinin in relaxing arterial smooth muscle (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) is 7.2 nM). These data illustrate how amphibian skin secretions can continue to provide novel potent peptides that act through functional targets in mammalian tissues.
Properties of African Cassava Mosaic Virus Capsid Protein Expressed in Fission Yeast
Authors: Hipp Katharina , Schäfer Benjamin , Kepp Gabi , Jeske Holger
Published: July 2016

The capsid proteins (CPs) of geminiviruses combine multiple functions for packaging the single-stranded viral genome, insect transmission and shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) CP was expressed in fission yeast, and purified by SDS gel electrophoresis. After tryptic digestion of this protein, mass spectrometry covered 85% of the amino acid sequence and detected three N-terminal phosphorylation sites (threonine 12, serines 25 and 62). Differential centrifugation of cell extracts separated the CP into two fractions, the supernatant and pellet. Upon isopycnic centrifugation of the supernatant, most of the CP accumulated at densities typical for free proteins, whereas the CP in the pellet fraction showed a partial binding to nucleic acids. Size-exclusion chromatography of the supernatant CP indicated high order complexes. In DNA binding assays, supernatant CP accelerated the migration of ssDNA in agarose gels, which is a first hint for particle formation. Correspondingly, CP shifted ssDNA to the expected densities of virus particles upon isopycnic centrifugation. Nevertheless, electron microscopy did not reveal any twin particles, which are characteristic for geminiviruses.
Conflict Management in Participatory Approaches to Water Management: A Case Study of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River Regulation
Authors: Furber Alison , Medema Wietske , Adamowski Jan , Clamen Murray , Vijay Meetu
Published: July 2016

The International Joint Commission (IJC) has been involved in a 14-year effort to formulate a new water regulation plan for the Lake Ontario St. Lawrence River (“LOSLR”) area that balances the interests of a diverse group of stakeholders including shipping and navigation, hydropower, environment, recreational boating, municipal and domestic water supply, First Nations, and shoreline property owners. It has embraced the principles of collaborative and participatory management and, applying a Shared Visioning Planning (SVP) approach, has worked closely with stakeholders throughout all stages of this process; however, conflicts between competing stakeholders have delayed and complicated this effort. The overarching aim of this paper is to consider the extent to which the SVP approach employed by the IJC was effective in managing conflict in the LOSLR context. Audio recordings and transcriptions of public and technical hearings held by the IJC in 2013 have been systematically analysed using stakeholder mapping and content analysis methods, to gain insight into the stakeholder universe interacting with the IJC on Plan 2014. The principal conclusions of this paper are that (a) the Shared Vision Planning approach employed by the IJC had some significant successes in terms of conflict management—particularly notable is the success that has been achieved with regards to integration of First Nation concerns; (b) there is a distinct group of shoreline property owners, based in New York State, who remain opposed to Plan 2014—the IJC’s public outreach and participation efforts have not been successful in reconciling their position with that of other stakeholders due to the fact that this stakeholder group perceive that they can only lose out from any regulation change and are therefore unlikely to be motivated to engage productively in any planning dialogue; and (c) a solution would require that the problem be reframed so that this stakeholder can see that they do in fact have something to gain from a successful resolution, which may necessitate bringing the prospect of compensation to the table.
Les effets redistributifs de la prime d’activité et l’impact du non-recours
Authors: Favrat Adélaïde , Lignon Vincent , Reduron Vincent
Published: July 2016

The redistributive effects of the Prime d’activité and the impact of non-take-up.

The Prime d’activité, which came into effect on 1st January 2016, consists in combining the activity component of the RSA scheme and the Prime pour l’emploi (a tax credit for low-income households). This new scheme aims to pursue the objectives of return-to-work incentivisation from the previous schemes while intensifying redistribution towards workers with low income. However, the risk of non-take-up of the scheme, and therefore a reduction in its effectiveness, is far from negligible. In this context, this article proposes an ex ante analysis of the redistributive effects of the Prime d’activité,

testing various scenarios against the level of take-up and the profile of recipients. The results demonstrate that this scheme is increasingly targeted at people on low income, where the take-up rate is significant. In the case where people formerly receiving RSA switch to the Prime d’activité (automatic take-up hypothesis), the redistributive effects of the scheme appear not to be very sensitive to the profile of new people taking up the scheme.
La séparation sous tous ses plans ? Sociologie des grammaires cinématographiques des films de divorce
Authors: Lamoureux Christophe , Rafin Nicolas
Published: July 2016

Separation in all its aspects. Sociology of cinematic grammar in films about divorce

For over forty years, the marked increase in divorce has been accompanied by the emergence of an amicable separation model, both morally and legally. The article proposes to observe how recent French cinematography production is fictionalising divorce and its effect on family structure. Produced for ‘‘ general public’’ popular cinema, films about divorce treat the ambivalences of this model and the difficulties in their implementation on a daily basis. A cinematic genre has thus been developed, for which the scriptwriting motivation is the construction of an aesthetic of conjugal intimacy confronted by the establishment of a new family spirit. Classed as ‘‘ romantic comedy’’, the scriptwriting and staging of divorce thus fabricate a new standard of broadcasting medium centred on two thematic pillars : conjugal selfregulation and co-parenting.
Long-Term Cell Tracking following Local Injection of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Equine Model of Induced Tendon Disease
Authors: Burk Janina , Berner Dagmar , Brehm Walter , Hillmann Aline , Horstmeier Carolin , Josten Christoph , Paebst Felicitas , Rossi Giacomo , Schubert Susanna , Ahrberg Annette B.
Published: July 2016

Tendon disease has been treated with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the equine large-animal model with promising success. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the fate and biodistribution of MSCs after local application into tendon lesions by long-term cell tracking in this large-animal model. Superficial digital flexor tendon lesions were induced in all limbs in six horses and injected with 10 × 10 6 Molday ION Rhodamine B™-labeled MSCs suspended in serum or serum alone. Follow-up was performed using low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), flow cytometry, and histology. Cell tracking based on the hypointense artifacts induced by the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling agent in MRI as well as based on Rhodamine B fluorescence was feasible. However, Prussian blue staining for assessment of histology was not entirely specific for SPIO. Labeled cells could be traced at their injection site by MRI as well as histology for the whole follow-up period of 24 weeks. Although the numbers of labeled cells within the injected tendon lesions decreased over time, part of the applied cells appeared to remain viable and integrated within the injured tissue. Furthermore, small numbers of labeled cells were identified in peripheral blood within the first 24 h after cell injection and could also be found until week 24 within the contralateral control tendon lesions that had been injected with serum. The present findings unveil details on MSC biodistribution and persistence after their local application, which are of clinical relevance with regard to MSC safety and mechanisms of action.
Voluntary Wheel Running Reverses the Decrease in Subventricular Zone Neurogenesis Caused by Corticosterone
Authors: Lee Jada Chia-Di , Yau Suk-Yu , Lee Tatia M. C. , Lau Benson Wui-Man , So Kwok-Fai
Published: July 2016

Adult neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus can be increased by voluntary exercise but is suppressed under stress, such as with corticosterone (CORT). However, the effects of exercise and CORT on the cell proliferation of the other traditional neurogenic site, the subventricular zone (SVZ), have been reported with controversial results. In addition, the cotreatment effects of voluntary exercise and CORT have not been investigated. This study aims to determine whether CORT can suppress cell proliferation in the SVZ and whether this can be reversed by voluntary exercise. In the present study, the effect of chronic (4 weeks) CORT treatment and wheel running simultaneously on the SVZ cell proliferation of adult Sprague–Dawley rats was examined. The results showed that cell proliferation indicated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was increased by voluntary wheel running, whereas it was decreased by CORT treatment within the SVZ of the rats without running. For the rats with both CORT treatment and wheel running, it was found that the number of BrdU-labeled cells was approximately at the same level as the vehicle control group. Furthermore, these proliferating cells expressed doublecortin (DCX), a migrating neuroblast marker. Wheel running increased the percentage of BrdU-labeled cells expressing DCX in the SVZ, whereas CORT treatment decreased this percentage. Thus, chronic injection of CORT can decrease the number of proliferating cells, while wheel running can reverse the decrease in cell proliferation within the SVZ to normal levels. In addition, CORT can suppress the cell differentiation within the SVZ, and this was alleviated by wheel running as indicated by the double labeling of BrdU and DCX.
INDUSTRY CHOICE BY YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRY SETTINGS: THE ROLE OF HUMAN AND FINANCIAL CAPITAL
Authors: KNATKO Dmitri , SHIROKOVA Galina , BOGATYREVA Karina
Published: July 2016

Entrepreneurial entry happens as a consequence of a general choice of an individual to become an entrepreneur. While most entrepreneurial entry studies rarely consider an industry choice to be an aspect of entrepreneurial decision making process, we address this issue taking into account individual, industrial, and country specific attributes. Using data from the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (2013–2014) on young nascent entrepreneurs and extending it with objective indicators derived from World Bank, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, and International Property Rights Index datasets, we investigate how various factors impact the choice between knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive industries. Drawing on the RBV and contingency approach, we link an industry choice to the level of human capital development and access to financial capital testing for possible country-specific moderation effects. Our study contributes to entrepreneurial entry research stream extending the understanding of entrepreneurial entry decision making nuances related to individual access to resources and both industryand country-level contingencies.
PICTURE FUZZY CROSS-ENTROPY FOR MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE DECISION MAKING PROBLEMS
Authors: WEI Guiwu
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making problems with picture fuzzy information. The advantage of picture fuzzy set is easily reflecting the ambiguous nature of subjective judgments because the picture fuzzy sets are suitable for capturing imprecise, uncertain, and inconsistent information in the multiple attribute decision making analysis. Thus, the cross entropy of picture fuzzy sets, called picture fuzzy cross entropy, is proposed as an extension of the cross entropy of fuzzy sets. Then, a multiple attribute decision making method based on the proposed picture fuzzy cross entropy is established in which attribute values for alternatives are picture fuzzy numbers. In decision making process, we utilize the picture fuzzy weighted cross entropy between the ideal alternative and an alternative to rank the alternatives corresponding to the cross entropy values and to select the most desirable one(s). Finally, a practical example for enterprise resource planning system selection is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
CO-BRANDING PARTNER SELECTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF BELIEF REVISION
Authors: LEE Chia-Lin , DECKER Reinhold
Published: July 2016

This paper applies the stereotype change theory to help bridge a major literature gap on co-branding partner selection: why both identical and highly different brand pairs often fail. We argue that, given that a primary goal of establishing a co-branding alliance is to positively revise consumers’ beliefs about important attributes of the allying brands, the case of no belief-revision can lead to a failure of the alliance. We show that both an identical and a highly incongruent partnership in terms of attribute-level difference can fail due to the lack of belief-revision. We report that a moderately incongruent brand pair is a promising decision on co-branding partner selection. In doing so, our research contributes to the explanation of why the two “extreme” types of co-branding alliances may fail from the perspective of consumer evaluation. For brand managers, we offer a normative guideline for co-branding partner selection.
WHY HAVE R&D-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES IN JAPAN EXPERIENCED A RECENT DECLINE IN PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA OF LISTED FIRMS IN JAPANESE R&D-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
Authors: SAKAI Hirotsugu
Published: July 2016

Previous studies show that the rate of return on research and development (R&D) capital is high. However, R&D-intensive industries in Japan have recently experienced a decline in performance. This study estimates the rate of return on R&D capital and physical capital as well as total factor productivity (TFP) to solve this puzzle. The rate of return is properly estimated applying the methods, which deal with simultaneity bias issues. After Japan entered the “lost decade”, the rate of return on R&D capital dropped significantly, while the rate on physical capital did not. This trend cannot be found by the methods without considering the issues, typically used in previous studies. The slowdown of TFP growth occurs coincidentally with a declining rate of return on R&D capital, which suggests the importance of innovations that enable effective use of R&D capital. Considering the trends, the declining rate of return on R&D capital along with the slowdown of TFP growth are the main causes of the low performance of recent R&D-intensive industries. The results of this paper also offer suggestions on economic policies and growth strategies.
DETERMINANTS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT AMONG POLISH AND ROMANIAN IMMIGRANTS IN GERMANY
Authors: SZARUCKI Marek , BRZOZOWSKI Jan , STANKEVIČIENĖ Jelena
Published: July 2016

This empirical study investigates the determinants of self-employment propensity of Polish and Romanian immigrants in Germany. The German economy is an important object of analysis, as it is the most important destination for international migrants in the European Union. In the paper, we use the recently collected M sample of the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine which personal, country of birth-specific socio-economic and cultural factors influence the self-employment propensity of immigrants. The results of binominal logit regression show that the Central European migrants exhibit different self-employment propensity than migrants from former Yugoslavia, Russian and Kazakhstan, Turkey and Italy, with the self-employment aversion especially strong among Romanians. These differences remain substantial even after controlling for social and human capital endowment of the individuals. This study offers important policy recommendations, showing the potential obstacles in encouraging entrepreneurial activity of immigrants. This topic is becoming increasingly important with the current migration crisis in the EU, caused by intensive inflow of asylum-seeking foreigners in 2015.
ANALYSIS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC DEFORMATION MODULUS
Authors: Mikolainis Mindaugas , Ustinovičius Marijus , Sližytė Danutė , Zhilkina Tatyana
Published: July 2016

This article summarises dynamic deformation modulus correlation with second reload of static plate load test results for an even thickness soil strata layer. An analysis of execution and result interpretation of both static deformation modulus and dynamic deformation modulus is provided also. Different correlations between the two modulus according to different authors are provided. Since dynamic plate load test is not regulated in Lithuania as a soil compaction contron method, a few dynamic plate load tests and static plate load tests were executed in order to compare compaction results. The additional experiments for dynamic plate load tests in different depths were executed which showed that deformation modulus is dependant on depth of test execution, thus it is worthwile to mention to be cautious on compaction results in trenches.
Financial Convergence Analysis: Implication for Insurance and Pension Markets
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalia P. , Pisarenko Zhanna V.
Published: July 2016

The proposed paper is one of a set of articles dedicated to the new phenomenon in the global and national financial markets – financial convergence – and is focused on theoretical issues. The hypothesis of the article is to argue whether the financial convergence determines the directions of financial market (namely, insurance and pension sectors) development. Adequately the goal of this paper is to analyze the existence of convergence processes in the insurance and pension markets. Methods of systematic and logical analysis are used. In the first part authors give brief history of the convergence phenomenon research. Then the paper analyses influence of financial convergence on insurance and pension markets, manifested in the following effects: mix of financial institutions functions; distribution channels advantages, increase of insurance and pension funds companies’ competitiveness; governance models convergence. The major results of the study are: demographic shifts in different developed and emerging markets countries caused the need to reform the social security systems and public pension schemes and refocus them to the market-based financial convergence model; pension funds, acting as institutional investors, are the leading players in the contemporary global financial market; competition at the financial market causes the expansion of a number of services offered by various organizations: banks, insurance companies, pension funds and so on, which offer a wide range of services not directly related to their core businesses; the mixing of financial institutions functions from the insurance, pension and banking sectors, increased competition for customers at the national and global financial market.
Establishing a Set of Macroeconomic Factors Explaining Variation Over Time of Performance in Business Sectors
Authors: Dzikevičius Audrius , Šaranda Svetlana
Published: July 2016

With increasing competitiveness of companies and business sectors in the domestic markets of Lithuania, economic units are frequently confronted with the lack of methods for more detailed analysis of external factors explaining the variation over time of corporate financial indicators. The analysis or forecasting of financial indicators is usually linked with the development of a stock market or undertaken to estimate the probability of bankruptcy. However, there is a lack of studies aimed at identifying links between macroeconomic factors and financial performance indicators and explaining their variation over time. To serve that purpose, the factors of the macroeconomic environment that are most significant for certain economic activities have been identified and analysed to enable explaining the variation over time patterns of corporate financial indicators. The analysis covers economic performance, i.e. financial performance indicators and their links with macroeconomic factors, in 89 business sectors of Lithuania at a three-digit level of NACE 2 ed. The findings of the research indicate that the unemployment level in the country, the volume of export and import and the GDP are the most important macroeconomic factors that can be used to forecast different profitability, financial leverage, liquidity and other financial performance indicators of individual business sectors or companies. The research has not unfolded any significant differences between business sectors therefore the above factors are considered generic macroeconomic factors enabling to explain financial performance indicators of the 89 business sectors. Hence, special attention has to be paid to identifying and analysing specific factors and assessing the causal link. When established, the set of such factors provides a framework for building of a model to forecast business sector financial indicators.
INTERACTION OF TWO FILAMENT CHANNELS OF DIFFERENT CHIRALITIES
Authors: Joshi Navin Chandra , Filippov Boris , Schmieder Brigitte , Magara Tetsuya , Moon Yong-Jae , Uddin Wahab
Published: July 2016

We present observations of the interactions between the two filament channels of different chiralities and associated dynamics that occurred during 2014 April 18–20. While two flux ropes of different helicity with parallel axial magnetic fields can only undergo a bounce interaction when they are brought together, the observations at first glance show that the heated plasma is moving from one filament channel to the other. The SDO/AIA 171 Å observations and the potential-field source-surface magnetic field extrapolation reveal the presence of a fan-spine magnetic configuration over the filament channels with a null point located above them. Three different events of filament activations, partial eruptions, and associated filament channel interactions have been observed. The activation initiated in one filament channel seems to propagate along the neighboring filament channel. We believe that the activation and partial eruption of the filaments brings the field lines of flux ropes containing them closer to the null point and triggers the magnetic reconnection between them and the fan-spine magnetic configuration. As a result, the hot plasma moves along the outer spine line toward the remote point. Utilizing the present observations, for the first time we have discussed how two different-chirality filament channels can interact and show interrelation.
INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF A TWIN-LAYER SOLAR PROMINENCE
Authors: Xia C. , Keppens R.
Published: July 2016

Modern observations revealed rich dynamics within solar prominences. The globally stable quiescent prominences, characterized by the presence of thin vertical threads and falling knobs, are frequently invaded by small rising dark plumes. These dynamic phenomena are related to magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability, since prominence matter, 100 times denser than surrounding coronal plasma, is lifted against gravity by weak magnetic field. To get a deeper understanding of the physics behind these phenomena, we use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the nonlinear magnetoconvective motions in a twin-layer prominence in a macroscopic model from chromospheric layers up to 30 Mm height. The properties of simulated falling “fingers” and uprising bubbles are consistent with those in observed vertical threads and rising plumes in quiescent prominences. Both sheets of the twin-layer prominence show a strongly coherent evolution due to their magnetic connectivity, and demonstrate collective kink deformation. Our model suggests that the vertical threads of the prominence as seen in an edge-on view, and the apparent horizontal threads of the filament when seen top-down are different appearances of the same structures. Synthetic images of the modeled twin-layer prominence reflect the strong degree of mixing established over the entire prominence structure, in agreement with the observations.
Gaz et énergies renouvelables, la bonne combinaison pour un monde décarboné ?
Authors: Charlot Marie-Laure , Decourt Benoit , Ramard Dominique , Thébault Christophe
Published: July 2016

Les énergies renouvelables sont fluctuantes et un stockage s’impose pour les ajuster à la demande. Le biogaz ou l’hydrogène sont de bonnes options en utilisant les réseaux gaziers. Restent à résoudre les questions réglementaires et l’acceptation des citoyens.
Le contrat unique
Authors: Barthelemy Jacques , Cette Gilbert
Published: July 2016

Le débat sur le contrat unique découle le plus souvent du constat d’une dualité du marché du travail, avec d’un côté des salariés qui seraient très protégés, les CDI et tout particulièrement les fonctionnaires, et de l’autre côté les actifs alternant emplois précaires peu protégés et périodes de chômage. Ce contraste traduit des inégalités flagrantes, avec des conséquences sociales et économiques importantes. En réponse à cette dualité, des propositions sont souvent avancées qui consisteraient à créer un « contrat unique » atténuant les écarts de statut et de droits entre emplois précaires (CDD et intérim) et emplois en CDI. Mais ce concept de « contrat unique » est souvent peu défini. C’est même une auberge espagnole si l’on prend en considération les différences importantes de contenu constatées dans les propos des uns ou des autres ! Les trois objectifs déclarés de la proposition de contrat unique sont : (i) de réduire les inégalités de statuts liées à la coexistence de contrats dits précaires (CDD et intérim) et de CDI ; (ii) de réduire la complexité et les incertitudes coûteuses de la judiciarisation des licenciements ; (iii) d’internaliser en partie le coût social des licenciements. Notre analyse montre qu’un contrat unique ne peut pas répondre véritablement à ces objectifs, mieux servis par d’autres voies, et qu’il présenterait des risques juridiques majeurs.
Tufa deposits in the karst region of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset , Oliveira Rachel Inêz Castro de
Published: July 2016

Tufa deposits in the karst of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, BrazilLehnjak na kraškem območju mesta ;ontes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazilija
Consideraciones prácticas sobre precipitadores electrostáticos
Authors: Wood D. S.
Published: July 2016

Not available
Humaniza redes: uma questão biopolítica
Authors: Silva Francisco Vieira da , Barbosa Maria Do Socorro Fernandes
Published: July 2016

Pretendemos, neste artigo, analisar discursivamente algumas materialidades, as quais constituem séries enunciativas do Humaniza Redes, nos diversos espaços de visibilidade da web. A fim de ancorar essa análise, buscamos respaldo nas teorizações de Foucault acerca do discurso, do saber e do biopoder/biopolíticas. Importa-nos pensar, a partir dessa série enunciativa, determinados sentidos que apontam para o funcionamento de estratégias biopolíticas, na medida em que o movimento em foco se propõe a disseminar o respeito e dirimir a agressão aos direitos humanos e, conforme acrescentamos, à vida dos sujeitos.
‘Olha o passarinho!’ A fotografia no Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Faria Fabiola Cezar , Cunha Marcia Borin da
Published: July 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma atividade com crianças que utilizaram a máquina fotográfica nas aulas de Ciências, para o registro da observação de fatos do ambiente. As atividades foram realizadas no pátio da escola e na sala de aula. As fotografias foram projetadas na sala de aula para toda a turma, de modo a discutir as percepções do autor da fotografia e as dos demais estudantes. Foram realizadas três atividades divididas em temas: Ciência, Meio Ambiente e Solo. Todas as atividades foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo para posterior análise. A partir das análises, foi possível perceber as diferentes percepções e os diferentes significados produzidos pelas crianças. Além disso, esse foi um trabalho de observação da Ciência, possibilitando um aprimoramento dessa habilidade nas crianças ─ habilidade essa tão importante para o entendimento da Ciência. Durante o trabalho, foi perceptível também a mudança de comportamento das crianças à medida que as atividades eram realizadas, pois passaram a observar mais detalhadamente os fenômenos por meio das fotografias. Assim, a fotografia pode ser uma boa ferramenta de ensino, pois possibilita a inserção de atividades de observação e descrição de fenômenos em ciências.
O diário: uma representação polifônica do Eu. Reflexões sobre a obra O diário, de Anne Frank
Authors: Martins Jorge Manuel Passos , Azevedo Fernando
Published: July 2016

O artigo explicita o conceito de diário, remetendo a sua origem para os gêneros de cariz confessional. Enquanto expressão literária, esse gênero textual parece abalar as convenções da construção ficcional. É sob esta luz que os autores analisam a obra O Diário, de Anne Frank. Escrito pela conhecida adolescente judia, a obra tece um conjunto de considerações pessoais e familiares, mas também políticas, sociológicas e ideológicas sobre os lugares do homem no mundo.
How ‘direct’ can a direct translation be? Some perspectives from the realities of a new type of church Bible
Authors: Van der Merwe Christo H.J.
Published: July 2016

The skopos of this new type of church Bible is: ‘How would the source texts of the Bible have sounded in Afrikaans in the context envisaged for its hypothesised first audience(s)?’ Fully acknowledging the complexities of language as a dynamic and complex system embedded in the culture and conceptual world of its speakers, as well as the wide range of frames that are involved in the process of Bible translation as a difficult form of secondary communication, this article addresses two of the challenges of this ambitious project. In the first section the incongruence between the world of the Old Testament and speakers of Afrikaans is treated. Examples are provided of instances where both the nature of difficult secondary intercultural communication as well as the subjective theories of the host audience constrains the ‘directness’ of the translation. In the second section, some of the challenges of distinguishing between the formal and functional features of Biblical Hebrew are dealt with. The article concludes that, although the notion ‘communicative clue’ provides a useful heuristic device to act as point of departure for negotiations on the construal of the meaning of the text in the source language and host language respectively, the notion has to be supplemented by insights from the fields of cultural anthropology, cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology. A better understanding of how meaning ‘works’ (e.g. how linguistic expressions act as windows into the conceptual worlds of speakers, how the meaning of expressions may shift and develop, as well as processes of grammaticalisation) provides members of a translation team with some criteria to make informed decisions when they negotiate how the meaning of specific Biblical Hebrew constructions are to be construed ‘directly’ in Afrikaans.Keywords: Afrikaans Bibles; Bible translation; Biblical Hebrew; church Bible; code model; cognitive linguistics; cognitive semantics; communication model; communicative clue; direct translation; discourse marker; dynamic equivalent translation; functionalist tran
Patterns of caesarean-section delivery in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayou Yibeltal T. , Mashalla Yohana J.S. , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria
Published: July 2016

Setting: The study was conducted in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Specifically, it was conducted in all healthcare facilities offering maternity and obstetric services.Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the patterns of caesarean-section (CS) delivery in Addis Ababa.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between December 2013 and January 2014. The population for the study were women aged between 15 and 19 years of age who had given birth in the last 1–3 years before the date of data collection. The Census and Survey Processing System software was used for data capturing and analysing both descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0.Results: Amongst the 835 women who delivered at health facilities, 19.2% had given birth by CS. The prevalence of CS based on medical indication was 91.3%. However, 6.9% of CS performed had no medical indication. Private health facilities performed more CSs than public health facilities, 41.1% and 11.7% respectfully. CS was high amongst women of higher socioeconomic standing.Conclusion: Overall, CS deliveries rate in Ethiopia is above the rate recommended by the World Health Organisation. Because socio-economic factors influence CS delivery, governments should play a key role in regulating performance of CSs in private institutions.
Voice of the voiceless: The legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians
Authors: Ayanga Hazel O.
Published: July 2016

The Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (the Circle) formally came into existence in 1989 in Accra, Ghana. Under the charismatic leadership of Mercy Amba Oduyoye, the Circle sought to be the voice of African Christian women at the grass roots level. To this end research and publication was and still is one of the major pillars and activities of the Circle. The main objective of the Circle is �to write and publish theological literature written by African women from their own experience of religion and culture on this continent�. In this regard the Circle has been and continues to be the voice for and on behalf of the African woman in religion, culture and theology. However, 25 years down the line there is need for an evaluation of the legacy of the Circle. How has the Circle been a voice for the voiceless, a mentoring instrument for women venturing into the academia? This article seeks to do this evaluation by examining the activities of the Circle including research publication.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article seeks to evaluate the achievements of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians in relation to the Circle�s stated objectives. The article picks up the notion of the Circle theologians as the voice of the voiceless women of Africa. The general approach of the article brings together discussions on social issues like gender, poverty and marginalisation as well as language. Theological and religious perspectives on these issues are understood from a Circle point of view.Keywords: women; voice; voicelessness; poverty; gender; The Circle; theology
The legacy of Circle women�s engagement with the Bible: Reflections from an African male biblical scholar
Authors: Togarasei Lovemore
Published: July 2016

The entry of women into religious and theological studies has revolutionised the modus operandi of these disciplines. Especially with the formation of the Circle of Concerned Women Theologians, the study of these disciplines has never been the same. In this article, an attempt is made to consider the legacy of women theologians in the area of biblical interpretation. Specifically, the article looks at how members of the Circle have interpreted the Bible in their quest for a theology that responds to African women�s experiences. The article discusses Circle biblical scholars� methods of interpreting the Bible, what they have managed to achieve, as well as pointing out areas that still call for attention. It concludes that Circle biblical scholars, like all African Biblical Interpretation, are engaged scholars who serve both the need for intellectual growth as well as solving the pressing needs of their societies.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article primarily focuses on how members of the Circle of Concerned Women Theologians have interpreted the Bible in their quest for justice. It therefore engages several disciplines: biblical interpretation, theology, gender, politics, health, and so on.Keywords: African Biblical interpretation; Women theologians; Bible; legacy;engaged Biblical Scholarship
South African Female Presidential Leadership and the inevitability of a donga as final destination? Reading the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way
Authors: Mtshiselwa V. Ndikhokele N. , Masenya Madipoane
Published: July 2016

In the 104 years of the existence of the African National Congress, many a black person in Sout Africa has been exclusively led by men. Also, 24 years into a democracy, patriarchy continues to raise its ugly head in our parliament, among other institutions. Disturbingly, against the call for a female presidential leadership Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, the National Union of Mineworkers, together with the ANC leadership in the Gauteng province, are lobbying for a male presidential candidate namely, Cyril Ramaphosa. In order to engage the issue of patriarchy in the South African politics, the Sepedi/Northern Sotho proverb tsa etwa ke ye tshadi pele, di wela ka leope [once they are led by a female one, that is, a cow, they will fall into a donga] will be employed as a hermeneutical tool to re-read the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way. the interest of the preceding way lies at seeking justice for the transformation of many an African women's life in present day South Africa. Inthe end, this article will investigate whether the tenor of the Northern Sotho/Sepedi proverb that once they (cattle [read: South Africans]) are led by a female one, they are sure to fall into a donga.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: Drawing from the insight in the fields of the Old Testament, gender and social sciences studies as well as Indigenous Knowledge Systems (with particular focus on an African proverb), this article addresses the topic of the South African Female Presidential Leadership and the Deuteronomistic Athaliah the bosadi way.Keywords: Deuteronomistic Athaliah; Patriarchy; Woman president; South Africa; Sepedi proverb; bosadi
Modeling and Computation of CO2Allowance Derivatives Under Jump-Diffusion Processes
Authors: Zhang Shuhua , Wang Jing
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study carbon emission trading whose market is gaining in popularity as a policy instrument for global climate change. The mathematical model is presented for pricing options on CO2emission allowance futures with jump diffusion processes, and a so-called fitted finite volume method is proposed to solve the pricing model for the spatial discretization, in which the Crank-Nicolson is employed for time stepping. In addition, the stability and the convergence of the fully discrete scheme are given, and some numerical results, which are compared with the closed form solution and the Monte Carlo simulation solution, are provided to demonstrate the rates of convergence and the robustness of the numerical method.
Identification of Elastic Orthotropic Material Parameters by the Singular Boundary Method
Authors: Chen Bin , Chen Wen , Wei Xing
Published: July 2016

This article addresses the resolution of the inverse problem for the parameter identification in orthotropic materials with a number of measurements merely on the boundaries. The inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem of a residual functional which evaluates the differences between the experimental and predicted displacements. The singular boundary method, an integration-free, mathematically simple and boundary-only meshless method, is employed to numerically determine the predicted displacements. The residual functional is minimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Three numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the robustness, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed scheme. In addition, different levels of noise are added into the boundary conditions to verify the stability of the present methodology.
Abundance of fluorescent biological aerosol particles at temperatures
conducive to the formation of mixed-phase and cirrus clouds
Authors: Twohy Cynthia H. , McMeeking Gavin R. , DeMott Paul J. , McCluskey Christina S. , Hill Thomas C. J. , Burrows Susannah M. , Kulkarni Gourihar R. , Tanarhte Meryem , Kafle Durga N. , Toohey Darin W.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Some types of biological particles are known to nucleate ice at warmer temperatures than mineral dust, with the potential to influence cloud microphysical properties and climate. However, the prevalence of these particle types above the atmospheric boundary layer is not well known. Many types of biological particles fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light, and the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor takes advantage of this characteristic to perform real-time measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs). This instrument was flown on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V aircraft to measure concentrations of fluorescent biological particles from different potential sources and at various altitudes over the US western plains in early autumn. Clear-air number concentrations of FBAPs between 0.8 and 12 µm diameter usually decreased with height and generally were about 10–100 L−1 in the continental boundary layer but always much lower at temperatures colder than 255 K in the free troposphere. At intermediate temperatures where biological ice-nucleating particles may influence mixed-phase cloud formation (255 K  ≤ T ≤  270 K), concentrations of fluorescent particles were the most variable and were occasionally near boundary-layer concentrations. Predicted vertical distributions of ice-nucleating particle concentrations based on FBAP measurements in this temperature regime sometimes reached typical concentrations of primary ice in clouds but were often much lower. If convection was assumed to lift boundary-layer FBAPs without losses to the free troposphere, better agreement between predicted ice-nucleating particle concentrations and typical ice crystal concentrations was achieved. Ice-nucleating particle concentrations were also measured during one flight and showed a decrease with height, and concentrations were consistent with a relationship to FBAPs established previously at the forested surface site below. The vertical distributions of FBAPs measured on five flights were also compared with those for bacteria, fungal spores, and pollen predicted from the EMAC global chemistry–climate model for the same geographic region.
Multi-year record of atmospheric mercury at Dumont d'Urville, East Antarctic
coast: continental outflow and oceanic influences
Authors: Angot Hélène , Dion Iris , Vogel Nicolas , Legrand Michel , Magand Olivier , Dommergue Aurélien
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Under the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, a 3.5-year record of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) has been gathered at Dumont d'Urville (DDU, 66°40′ S, 140°01′ E, 43 m above sea level) on the East Antarctic coast. Additionally, surface snow samples were collected in February 2009 during a traverse between Concordia Station located on the East Antarctic plateau and DDU. The record of atmospheric Hg(0) at DDU reveals particularities that are not seen at other coastal sites: a gradual decrease of concentrations over the course of winter, and a daily maximum concentration around midday in summer. Additionally, total mercury concentrations in surface snow samples were particularly elevated near DDU (up to 194.4 ng L−1) as compared to measurements at other coastal Antarctic sites. These differences can be explained by the more frequent arrival of inland air masses at DDU than at other coastal sites. This confirms the influence of processes observed on the Antarctic plateau on the cycle of atmospheric mercury at a continental scale, especially in areas subject to recurrent katabatic winds. DDU is also influenced by oceanic air masses and our data suggest that the ocean plays a dual role on Hg(0) concentrations. The open ocean may represent a source of atmospheric Hg(0) in summer whereas the sea-ice surface may provide reactive halogens in spring that can oxidize Hg(0). This paper also discusses implications for coastal Antarctic ecosystems and for the cycle of atmospheric mercury in high southern latitudes.
Joint retrieval of aerosol and water-leaving radiance from
multispectral, multiangular and polarimetric measurements over ocean
Authors: Xu Feng , Dubovik Oleg , Zhai Peng-Wang , Diner David J. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Seidel Felix C. , Litvinov Pavel , Bovchaliuk Andrii , Garay Michael J. , van Harten Gerard , Davis Anthony B.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. An optimization approach has been developed for simultaneous retrieval of aerosol properties and normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw) from multispectral, multiangular, and polarimetric observations over ocean. The main features of the method are (1) use of a simplified bio-optical model to estimate nLw, followed by an empirical refinement within a specified range to improve its accuracy; (2) improved algorithm convergence and stability by applying constraints on the spatial smoothness of aerosol loading and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration across neighboring image patches and spectral constraints on aerosol optical properties and nLw across relevant bands; and (3) enhanced Jacobian calculation by modeling and storing the radiative transfer (RT) in aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer, pure Rayleigh-scattering layers, and ocean medium separately, then coupling them to calculate the field at the sensor. This approach avoids unnecessary and time-consuming recalculations of RT in unperturbed layers in Jacobian evaluations. The Markov chain method is used to model RT in the aerosol/Rayleigh mixed layer and the doubling method is used for the uniform layers of the atmosphere–ocean system. Our optimization approach has been tested using radiance and polarization measurements acquired by the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) over the AERONET USC_SeaPRISM ocean site (6 February 2013) and near the AERONET La Jolla site (14 January 2013), which, respectively, reported relatively high and low aerosol loadings. Validation of the results is achieved through comparisons to AERONET aerosol and ocean color products. For comparison, the USC_SeaPRISM retrieval is also performed by use of the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties algorithm (Dubovik et al., 2011). Uncertainties of aerosol and nLw retrievals due to random and systematic instrument errors are analyzed by truth-in/truth-out tests with three Chl a concentrations, five aerosol loadings, three different types of aerosols, and nine combinations of solar incidence and viewing geometries.