bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De wereldbevolkingsexplosie en duurzame ontwikkeling: een veldoverzicht
Authors: Van Bavel Jan
Published: May 2023

This article outlines the theories, beliefs, and arguments of the two basic camps in the debate about the relationship between population growth and sustainable development. It makes clear that at issue is not only a hyper-complex scientific dispute but also a political and ideological confrontation. First, using recent statistics, the article puts the debate in its demographic context by outlining the dynamics behind the population explosion. Then, the contradicting camps are introduced and their ideas and beliefs about the consequences of population growth for economy and ecology are described, Finally, the article takes a stand in the complex and interdisciplinary, but indeed highly topical debate.
Simulatiemodellen: instrumenten voor sociaal-economisch onderzoek en beleid
Authors: Van Mechelen Natascha , Verbist Gerlinde
Published: May 2023

In recent years simulation models are increasingly used in research on socio-economic policy, particularly in studies of taxes and social benefits. In this article we present two types of simulation models: the standard simulation model and the micro simulation model. Both models are micro models, meaning that they assess the structure and impact of social and economic policy measures for an individual decision unit (individuals, households and enterprises). We discuss the particularities of both models, point out that they are fully complementary and illustrate them with analyses of Belgian taxation and social contributions.
Politieke steun/ongenoegen gedeconstrueerd Politieke tevredenheid, politiek vertrouwen en politieke verbondenheid
Authors: Abts Koen
Published: May 2023

In this article, following Stephen Craig’s approach of political support as generic concept, which consists of a set of (un)favourable attitudes to political objects and processes, we investigate, analytically, the structure of political support/discontent. Because of the importance of political trust, we take the general social theories about trust as starting point of the analysis. First, we make a distinction between political identification, political trust and political satisfaction on the basis of objects of support, mode of orientation and time orientation. Second, the instrumental and procedural components of political trust and political satisfaction are distinguished. Third, the relation between political identification, trust and satisfaction is unravelled. Like this, we try to shed light on the complex relationship between citizen and politics as well as the way how citizens evaluate and assess their politicians, political institutions and the political system.
Multicausaliteit en multicollineariteit bij meervoudige regressie
Authors: Van Bavel Jan
Published: May 2023

Multicollinearity refers to linear dependence among the explanatory variables in multiple regression. Most textbooks discuss the phenomenon as one of the problems that may hinder useful multiple regression analysis. This paper argues, in contrast, that multicollinearity is one of the main reasons why we would want to do a multiple regression analysis in the first place, especially in a context of multicausality. High multicollinearity does not preclude reliable estimation of regression models at all. When the estimated slopes of correlating explanatory variables are not reliable, then probably the model was estimated with ill-conditioned data, or maybe the theoretical model is wrong, or maybe some concepts were not operationalised well. Hence, remedies for unreliable estimation should be sought in data resources or in a conceptual cleanup, or both. Other tips and tricks are unlikely to be of any help to sociologists.
Thuis bevallen in Vlaanderen: een kwestie van reflexiviteit
Authors: Gilleir Christien
Published: May 2023

This article seeks for a sociological explanation with regard to the existence of home confinements in Flanders, where the process of giving birth is medicalized and where more than 99% of all deliveries take place in a hospital. The theory of (de)medicalization and Ulrich Beck’s theory of reflexive modernization provide interesting insights. Statistical analyses on gathered data (mail survey amongst 292 women who gave birth at home + 400 women who gave birth in the hospital) show that the social-cultural and -structural characteristics and the pre- and postnatal behaviour of women who preferred a home delivery differ significantly from those of women who prefer a hospital delivery. In particular, evidence is found for the confirmation of the hypothesis that women who give birth at home can be described as prototypes of the late-modern individualized individual who challenges hegemonic forms of authoritative knowledge. This explains why they can choose for a home delivery within a societal context where this kind of deliveries is defined as non-conform social behaviour.
Naar een betere positie: migratiedoelen en het belang van kapitaalsoorten voor irreguliere migranten in Vlaanderen en Brussel
Authors: van Meeteren Masja , Engbersen Godfried , Van San Marion
Published: May 2023

Drawing upon 120 semi-structured interviews with irregular migrants in Belgium, this article focuses on their aspirations and the resources needed in order to realise these aspirations. It is demonstrated that specific aspirations require specific resources. A typology is constructed, based on three types of aspirations with corresponding resources. First, investment migrants, whose migration is aimed at achieving upward social mobility in their country of origin, require job competences (cultural capital) and social leverage (social capital). Second, legalisation migrants, who aspire to obtain legal residency, require different forms of capital, depending on the marriage market they are active on. Thirdly, residence migrants, aiming at residing legally or illegally in the receiving society, require both social support and social leverage (combined social capital). These findings indicate that it is important to adopt a contextualised approach studying the mechanisms through which various forms of capital lead to different outcomes for irregular migrants.
Visie van gezondheidswerkers op armoede en hun zorgrelatie met generatiearmen
Authors: Peeters Bart , Crabbe Bieke , De Craecker An , Devriendt Veerle , Duprez Veerle , Schoorens Guido , Beeckman Katrien , Eggermont Marlies , Leroux Silvain
Published: May 2023

People from lower socio-economic classes are confronted with several barriers that impede their access to health care. An important, though often forgotten barrier is embedded in the care-relationship. Differences in the social environment of health care workers and poor complicate the care-relationship. By means of in-depth interviews and focus groups with health care workers in the fields of primary and secondary antenatal and postnatal care and diabetes care we mapped their perception of poverty and of their care-relationship with intergenerational poor. Our results show that health care workers perceive the causes of poverty mainly on the individual level. When asked about the basic conditions for a good care-relationship health care workers stress the presence of trust and a fundamental attitude of relational equivalence, authenticity and respect. This ideal image has a stressfull relationship with the framework of individual guilt that puts the responsibility for a good care-relationship, at least partly, with the poor. Based on these results an educational program for health care workers has been developed.
Omgaan met de financiële gevolgen van een relatiebreuk: een latent groeimiddel bij gescheiden en ex-samenwonende vrouwen
Authors: de Regt Sabrina , Marynissen Tinne , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: May 2023

Women often experience a sharp decrease in economic well-being after relationship dissolution. Two ways to cope with these negative economic consequences of union dissolution are increasing the labour market participation and finding a new partner. In this contribution we examined whether divorced women apply these strategies differently compared to separated women. Separated women find a new partner more often than divorced women do. There are no differences between these two groups of women regarding the increase of their labour market participation. Furthermore we investigated whether there is a difference in the effectiveness of applying those strategies between separated and divorced women. After controlling for compositional differences there are no differences in the effectiveness of increasing the labour market participation. Divorced women do gain more financially by finding a new partner than separated women.
Etnische onderwijsongelijkheid in context: de rol van structurele gemeentekenmerken en etnische compositie
Authors: Fleischmann Fenella , Phalet Karen , Neels Karel , Deboosere Patrick
Published: May 2023

Using multi-level analysis of second-generation samples and a majority reference sample from the Belgian Census (N = 142485 in 201 municipalities), this article investigates the relations between structural municipality characteristics, ethnic density (local concentrations of the co-ethnic in-group) and second-generation school completion. Controlling for municipalities’ socio-economic composition, we find a positive association between municipality stability and quality and school completion. A pooled model moreover yields a positive effect of ethnic density on school completion. Separate analyses for each ethnic group, however, reveal differential results for the four groups under study in line with different modes of incorporation as described by segmented assimilation theory. Belgian majority residential concentration coincides with high neighbourhood stability and quality and high completion rates; whereas Moroccan concentrations overlap with low levels of stability, quality and completion. Among the Turkish and Italian second generation, neighbourhood structure moderates ethnic density effects on school completion.
Politieke beïnvloeding door etnisch geaffilieerde organisaties: winnaars en verliezers van Europese integratie en toenemende diversiteit
Authors: van de Beek Jan H. , Vermeulen Floris F.
Published: May 2023

Research examines how organisations that identify with ethnic groups (immigrants, national minorities, the dominant majority) deal with the effects of growing ethnic diversity, as well as with European integration and related changes in the (inter)national political opportunity structure. Two hypotheses are derived from the literature: (1) groups with strong territorial identification perceive themselves as losers of growing diversity (and vice versa) and (2) groups that have a strong position within Europeanized national debates perceive themselves as winners of European integration (and vice versa). Both hypotheses have been nuanced: (1) territorial identification in itself is insufficient and self-perception also hinges on the degree to which one has an exclusive or inclusive identity; (2) groups with a weak position in Europeanized national debates show mixed self-perceptions: those groups with strong regional identification and/or national minorities tend to perceive themselves as winners, should the EU federalise and/or gain control over minority rights.
Europeanisering en de Roma: op zoek naar maatschappelijke inclusie in een nieuwe politieke en institutionele context
Authors: Vermeersch Peter
Published: May 2023

Since the enlargement of the EU to Central Europe, the EU institutions have been particularly concerned about the problems facing Roma populations in various European countries. This has signalled a new critical phase in the debate about European Roma policy. The EU has built on views and policy frames that have emerged from discussions held by other international actors, but it has also highlighted new priorities. The involvement of the EU thus represents the most recent phase in an ongoing (and far from complete) policy discussion in which European institutions, national governments and Roma activists each have their own voice. In this recent period new lines of competition have emerged between these actors. There is, in other words, a growing European discursive space where the development and contestation of new policy frames and narratives about the Roma can take place. This article explores this new European discursive space and concludes that a new political opportunity structure for Roma activism has emerged with important implications for the way in which the Roma are framed.
Deeltijds versus voltijds stiefouderschap: de relatie tussen stiefouders en stiefkinderen in moedergezinnen, vadergezinnen en verblijfsco-ouderschap na scheiding
Authors: Vanassche Sofie , Matthijs Koen
Published: May 2023

Joint custody arrangements following parental divorce create a specific context for the development of the relationship between stepparents and stepchildren. Using data from the research project Divorce in Flanders (DiF) we test the impor¬ tance of fulltime and parttime co-residence and a limited stepchildrearing role for a good stepparent-stepchild relationship. Spillover effects are considered from both parent-child relationships and relationships between old and new partners. We compare the results for the reported relationship quality by stepparent and stepchild. The results show that the importance of co-residence mainly runs via relationships with and between other family members. There are a lot of spill¬ over effects from relationships within the same household, but not from relation¬ ships between households. The strongest between-household relationship is the one between mothers and stepmothers regarding the stepmother-stepchild rela¬ tionship. There are different indications that there is more competition between the mother and stepmother role than between the father and stepfather role.
Het artistieke blijft het belangrijkste': rockesthetica en individuele selecties binnen de Vlaamse alternatieve mainstream.
Authors: Keunen Gert , Laermans Rudi
Published: May 2023

Next to the mainstream and the underground, the alternative mainstream con¬stitutes the third segment within the popular music circuit: music that combi¬nes economic mainstream-qualities with an artistic imago. Inspired by the up¬ coming sociology of valuation and evaluation and the work of Pierre Bourdieu, we examine which general selection logics are used by Flemish professionals when dealing with the extensive offer in alternative mainstream music. Our 24 depth-interviews with a well-reasoned sample of radio programmers, journalists, artist managers and festival or concert programmers indicate that four selection logics are at stake. Because of the importance attached to it, also normatively, we focus on the so-called individual logic or ‘selecting out of one’s personal artistic taste’. This logic is closely related to the underlying value of authenticity: ‘good music sounds honest and truthful’. We therefore speak of a romantic discourse that we also characterize, inspired by other authors, as ‘the rock aesthetic’. We subsequently discuss how the individual selection logic is deployed as a means of distinction in the delineation of the alternative mainstream towards the main¬ stream. We then highlight the definition struggle within the Flemish alternative mainstream that is grafted onto the individual logic and the boundary with the mainstream. Next, we show how that very same individual logic goes hand in hand with a binding legitimate taste or ‘doxa’, which the respondents have clearly interiorized. In the final section we examine the relationship between the dominant criterion of choice and the other selection logics, particularly the organisational-economic one. We thereby look at possible frictions and the thus generated ambiguity in the interviewees’ discourse. We conclude with a broader contextualization of our research findings by relating them to the tension between ‘the artistic’ and ‘the economic’ in most sectors of the creative or cultural economy.
Het effect van locatie op kunstwaardering. Veldexperiment naar symbolische contextualisering.
Authors: Berghman Michaël
Published: May 2023

Within the cultural sociology of Pierre Bourdieu the value of artworks is conceptualized as the outcome of an attribution of symbolic value by authoritative positions in the artistic field. This paper develops an operationalization of such symbolic investments by presenting them as a process of contextualization. Throughout repeated confrontation with artworks under certain, rather specific conditions, the public learns to establish associations between the perceived elements in both artefact and context. When confronted with an (unfamiliar) artwork, the context therefore offers the perceiver a clue that can be taken into account in the assessment. Using an experimental design, this study presents a collection of paintings by acclaimed artists anonymously to a group of 59 university students. Some of the paintings are viewed in a museum for contemporary art, others in a parish hall. In the legitimate context for artistic presentation the works are appreciated notably more on various criteria.
Intergenerationele overdracht van cultuurconsumptie. Een empirische studie naar het belang van ouderlijk voorbeeldgedrag en actieve ouderlijke stimulering in Nederland.
Authors: van Hek Margriet , Kraaykamp Gerbert
Published: May 2023

This study examines to what extent, and via what pathways, cultural preferences are transferred from one generation to another. Following social learning theories we expect that, first, parents influence their children’s cultural preference by set¬ ting a “good” cultural example, and, second, by actively guiding their children to a theater, museum or concert hall. Besides a direct influence, we expect an indirect effect through the educational attainment of the child. We test our hy¬potheses by applying structural equation models on data from the Family Survey of the Dutch Population 2009 (n = 2.445). Results show that parents influence their children’s cultural participation mainly by providing them with active pa¬ rental instruction. Indirect effects through a child’s educational attainment are mostly significant, but appear to be much less pronounced.
Film als participant in een maatschappelijk en ideologisch discours: casestudy: de regionale identiteit van de Britse working-class in "Trainspotting" (1996)
Authors: Vandekerkhof Renaat
Published: May 2023

This research paper wants to open the debate regarding the role of film analysis in the domain of Sociology. A film can be an important participant in a social and ideological discourse. This paper describes the components and the structure of a theoretical analysis model by which sociological concepts can be operationalized for film analysis. This model will be illustrated by some brief examples and an extensive case study regarding the representation of the British working-class. The advantage of film analysis for sociological research, besides as a tool of illustration in an educational setting, lies in the (re)discovery of a certain vision on society and the place of social groups in that society. The examples of ‘Stand-up Nigel Barton’ and Brassed Off show that we can go back to the past to discover opinions about social facts. In ‘Stand-up Nigel Barton’, about social mobility and the difficulties that members of the working-class experience when they try to adapt themselves to new cultures. In Brassed Off, to discover an alternative vision about the way that the British society should be organized when supplying energy and the distribution of labor forces within the energy sector. In Trainspotting, an alternative vision emerges about regional identity, youth subcultures and drug abuse. The interdisciplinary analysis model, as presented here, was functional in the analysis of the mentioned works of working-class fiction. It gave a transparent structure to the film analysis and made it possible to approach the concept of the working-class on a sound theoretical basis.
De eerste socioloog?: Constantin-François Volney (1757-1820) en de determinanten van het menselijk handelen
Authors: Stouthuysen Patrick , Huysseune Michel
Published: May 2023

The idea that human action is variable and is determined by external conditions, independent from the individual will, is one of the necessary conditions for the development of the social sciences. Constantin-François Volney (1757-1820), member of the group of French intellectuals known as the Idéologues, active during and following the last phase of the French Revolution, played a crucial role in this process, as author of an number of ethnographic and methodological texts. In terms of method, Volney argues for a radical empiricism, based on observation and systematic data-collection. Volney also anticipates one of the fundamental sociological questions: the relation between structure and action. Finally, Volney developed remarkable insights in the possibilities and limits and, therefore, the specificity of the social sciences.
Evolutie van anti-migrantenattitudes in Europa (2002-2012): welke invloed had de financieel-economische crisis?
Authors: Dudal Pieter
Published: May 2023

Within sociological research there has been considerably interest in the emergence of anti-immigrant attitudes. A much cited theory to explain those attitudes is Ethnic Competition Theory (ECT). Though the fact that this theory has been tested empirically quite well in different contexts, there are still some questions left concerning its validity. This is due to the existence of multiple interpretations of this theory and to the fact that the empirical evidence is rather mixed. In this paper, it will be argued that the coming of the financial-economic crisis offers a unique opportunity to retest the core-propositions of ECT. On the basis of data from the first 6 rounds (2002-2012) of the European Social Survey (ESS), we investigate how anti-immigrant attitudes evolve within the proposed time period in 20 European countries. Additionally, a 3-level random intercept multilevel model (N = 142117) will be used to assess the influence of both micro- and macrovariables deduced from ECT. Results indicate that only GDP per capita and changes in the size of the immigrant population have an influence on the forming of anti-immigrant attitudes, which leads us to the conclusion that ECT isn’t a valid theory to understand antiimmigrant attitudes within the contemporary European societies. An alternative explanation is offered and states that anti-immigrant attitudes are more a result of cultural rather than economic threat.
De invloed van gezinsvorm en ouderlijk conflict op relationele toekomstverwachtingen: een onderzoek bij Vlaamse jongeren
Authors: Mertens Nana
Published: May 2023

Continuing changes in marital and divorce behaviour bring about changes in family type for growing adolescents. Previous research has shown that these changes may influence relational expectations. Other elements associated with parental divorce, e.g. parental conflict, may also influence these expectations. The overall research question of this article is: what is the impact of family type and parental conflict on the relational expectations of adolescents? Using data from Leuvens Adolescenten- en Gezinnen Onderzoek, the influence on the expected divorce rate and the expected preference to marry of Flemish adolescents were examined. Results show that adolescents whose parents were divorced estimate their divorce rate higher than others and have the lowest odds to express a preference for an own marriage. Interestingly, a difference was found between adolescents whose parents were (once) married and adolescents whose parents were (once) cohabiting. Furthermore, adolescents experiencing a low rate of parental conflict indicate a lower expected divorce rate and have higher odds to prefer a future marriage than adolescents living in high-conflict families. Moreover, when parents are divorced, adolescents whose residence parent is remarried have higher odds to prefer a future marriage than adolescents whose residence parent is single. No influence was found concerning the relationship status of the residence parent on the expected divorce rate. Also no influence of the evolution of parental conflict and no influence of the conflict between the residence and the stepparent was found, neither on the expected divorce rate nor on the preference for a marriage.
Verzuiling: terugblik op het onderzoek
Authors: Hellemans Staf
Published: May 2023

In een poging de begrenzing van het verzuilingsonderzoek tot de Lage Landen te doorbreken, worden de verzuilingsprocessen van de katholieken in België, Duitsland, Nederland en Frankrijk historisch gereconstrueerd. Uit hun onderlinge confrontatie leiden we o.a. af dat katholieke zuilen niet enkel het apanage zijn van kleine landen, maar ook in grote landen voorkomen (Duitsland, Italië), dat verzuilingsprocessen zich in alle vier landen voordoen, maar niet overal in verzuiling resulteren (Frankrijk), dat een minderheidspositie zowel tot een snelle als tot een laattijdige verzuiling kan leiden (Duitsland tegenover Nederland), dat de dynamiek van de kerk essentieel is voor een gelukte zuilvorming (België, Duitsland en Nederland tegenover Frankrijk), dat ontzuiling zich volgens meerdere modi kan voltrekken. De frequentie en de variatie van de (katholieke) verzuilings- en ontzuilingsprocessen, m.a.w. het ontbreken van een uniek model, vereisen dat er werk wordt gemaakt van een meer algemene zuiltheorie.
Belgian Ageing Studies: participatief actie-onderzoek naar en met ouderen
Authors: De Donder Liesbeth , Verté Dominique , De Witte Nico
Published: May 2023

Population ageing is affecting all western countries. The average age of people is increasing and older people constitute a larger proportion of our society. In response to this evolution, Flemish local policymakers became aware of the need to develop evidence-based local senior policy plans. This contribution seeks to reflect on the challenges and opportunities of involving older people in research, policy and social change at the local level. In particular, it focuses on ‘Belgian Ageing Studies’, a research program which monitors the needs and quality of life among home-dwelling older people (e.g. on housing, community, participation, care) in order to provide tools for evidence-based ‘age-friendly’ policies at the local level. The research program was developed in co-creation with older people, senior associations, senior advisory boards, local authorities, and other stakeholders. Older people are involved in this research as experts and actors by playing a significant role in the development of the study as well as the data collection and the evaluation (peer-research). In 10 years time, over 80 000 older respondents and 8000 older volunteers participated in the research program. The process of the BAS program in which older people actively engage as participants and develop a sense of co-ownership shows how participatory research can play a role in promoting evidence-based senior policies.
Terug naar Sorokin?: een analyse van de dissociatiethese aan de hand van Diagonale Referentie Modellen
Authors: Daenekindt Stijn
Published: May 2023

The dissociative thesis states that social mobility is an uprooting, and therefore detrimental, experience for the individual. Despite the absence of convincing empirical support, this thesis often seems to be commonly accepted in general sociological theory. In this article, I investigate this thesis and consider three dimensions of dissociation – i.e. social disorientation, utilitarian individualism and social isolation. I use data from a large-scale survey in Flanders (Belgium) (n = 2,849) and apply Diagonal Reference Models to study consequences of intergenerational social mobility. I find support for asymmetric acculturation for each dimension, i.e. upwardly mobile individuals adapt more to the social position of destination, compared to downwardly mobile individuals. Moreover, both for social disorientation and utilitarian individualism, I find detrimental effects of downward social mobility.
Gevoelens van etnische vooroordelen bij Turkse Vlamingen: in welke mate zijn ze gelinkt aan ouderlijke voorkeuren in partnerkeuze?
Authors: Van Pottelberge Amelie , Lievens John
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study is twofold. First, we assess the experience of interethnic social contact from the perspective of the Turkish ethnic minority in Flanders. We evaluate to which extent Turkish ethnic minority members experience ethnic prejudice, and study the effect of socio-demographic characteristics. Secondly, we focus on attitudes concerning a specific case of interethnic social contact, partner selection. We assess the effect of experiencing ethnic prejudice on the preferences parents have concerning the ethnicity of the future partner of their children. Using data from the Sexpert-study (n = 430) and applying linear regression models, results illustrate that (1) ethnic prejudge is very common in the lives of Turkish minorities in Flanders. (2) Men, respondents with a lower socio-economic status and partner migrants are especially at risk to experience prejudice. In the second part, using multinomial logistic regression models on the same dataset, we show that (1) half of the parents prefer ethnic homogeneous partnerships, and show no openness towards Belgian partners. Nevertheless, openness towards interethnic partnerships is found among more than 25 percent of the parents. The rest has no distinct preference concerning ethnic homogamy, nor interethnic partnerships. (2) Parents who experience ethnic prejudice have higher odds to prefer an ethnic homogeneous partnership and to show no openness towards Belgian partners. (3) Additionally, in the case of daughters, parents with higher educational attainment are more likely to be open towards an interethnic partnership than lower educated parents.
Het goede leven op het spoor: bestuurlijkheid als een alternatieve benadering in het onderzoek naar wearable-technologieën
Authors: Lievevrouw Elisa , Van Hoyweghen Ine
Published: May 2023

Both Belgian and European governments as well as private companies as Google, Apple and Samsung foster high expectations towards the recent developments in wearables devices and application technologies. Due to their expected contribution to cost-reductions, the optimisation of health outcomes and the empowerment of patients, wearables are put forward as the ultimate solution to our western contemporary healthcare crisis. However, against this techno-optimism, a growing number of critical social science analyses has denoted important societal concerns with these devices. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s early work on biopower, these sociological critiques warn for possible constraints on the autonomy of subjects, complications concerning privacy, and social inequalities that could result from wearable technologies in society. To move beyond these hypes and fears, the article proposes the mobilization of Foucault’s later notion of ‘governmentality’ as a new and productive angle for sociological research on wearables innovations. The concept of governmentality offers three important elements for investigating the complexity of wearable devices in society. Firstly, governmentality makes it possible to carry out empirical research both on studying practices of wearable innovations as well as mapping the complex network of actors in which they are embedded. Secondly, it enables one to study the social aspects of the development of wearables itself. Thirdly, this approach makes it possible to understand the societal impact of these digital health technologies in respect to three shifting societal fault lines: which influence do wearables have on the delineation between private and public spheres? Who can be called the expert today? When are wearables considered medical devices and when do they contribute to the ‘lifestylisation’ of health? In a world of wearables and algorithms, what do we consider as normal or disease?
Een sensorische onderzoeksmethodologie: implicaties en illustraties vanuit exploratief onderzoek in een Leuvens stadsdeel in ontwikkeling
Authors: Coemans Sara , Vandenabeele Joke , Hannes Karin
Published: May 2023

This study builds on recent literature that calls for a renewed attention for the sensorial dimension in research. The researchers examine the potential of a sensory research approach in studying the relationship between citizens and their living environment. They illustrate this by means of their own exploratory research in an urban renewal setting. Eight local residents were invited to walk together with the researchers in their own city while ‘opening up’ their senses and sharing their lived experiences. The sensory focus allowed researchers to tap into the concrete physical aspects as well as inner processes (feelings, memories, imaginations) related to the place under research. The paper draws attention to the implications of a sensory research approach with regard to how we are accustomed to collect and analyze qualitative research materials. It concludes with a number of challenges and directions for further research.
Moeders over stiefmoederschap: de mythe voorbij?: een kwalitatieve studie over het traject van maternal gatekeeping tegenover de stiefmoeder
Authors: Maene Charlotte
Published: May 2023

This study explores the trajectory of maternal gatekeeping to the stepmother. This theoretical setting tries to actualize the classic theory of maternal gatekeeping (Allen & Hawkins, 1999) by developing a framework that answers to the current societal context of which the post-divorce/ new formed family is an integral part (Kind & Gezin, 2010). On the one hand, the emphasis is on the perception of mothers about step motherhood. There is an ambiguity when ideas about motherhood (Hay, 1996) and gender roles (Reger, 2001) are not coordinated. On the other hand, this study focuses on how the definition about step motherhood is used by mothers to evaluate their presence. It is being investigated which factors give rise to certain strategies of maternal gatekeeping (partnership, manager, detachment, enmity). These motivations and interventions are mapped on the basis of eighteen in-depth interviews with mothers. The families involved have different post-divorce accommodation arrangements, but mainly the children spent as much time with their father as with their mother. These families found themselves in different phases of the divorce procedure. The interviews were conducted in three different data collection rounds wherein the method of the grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was followed.
SES en spijbelgedrag: de school doet ertoe!: de invloed van SES op spijbelgedrag volgens de sociaaleconomische schoolsamenstelling
Authors: Van Eycken Lennart
Published: May 2023

Truancy is a concept almost every school has to deal with. Over the years, the number of truants stays quite stable or even increases, despite programs of governments and schools to counter it. Truancy is not innocent, as it is a predictor of failures of adolescents in later life, like unemployment or involvement in crime. Research has already shown some causes of truancy, but it is not always clear which factors are the decisive ones. This study tries to understand how the socioeconomic status (SES) of the student and the socioeconomic composition of the school affects truancy. At the same time, this study will examine whether or not the effect of SES on truancy is moderated by the socioeconomic composition of the school. A multilevel analysis was used on data gathered in 2004-2005 from 11.872 students in a representative sample of 85 secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium). Although the results show that the SES of the students does not affect truancy and it is not moderated by the socioeconomic composition of the school, the school itself has a remarkable influence. Schools with more students with a high SES show less truancy. The school environment and the educational network of the school show an effect as well.
Provision of Maintenance Therapy for People Who Stutter Via Telepractice
Authors: Briley Patrick Minton , Brownlow Claire , Ellis Charles
Published: May 2023

Purpose: People who stutter (PWS) who have completed intensive programs commonly face issues with relapse. A confounding factor to relapse is the availability of speech-language pathologists who specialize in the treatment of stuttering. A possible solution to these issues is a telepractice approach to treatment maintenance following an intensive program. Therefore, the current project examined whether a tele-delivered maintenance program could be utilized to maintain and improve upon speech related outcomes obtained in an intensive treatment program.Methods: Participants included 6 children who stutter and 4 adults who stutter. Each participant completed a university intensive treatment program and also agreed to take part in 12 tele-delivered maintenance sessions following the intensive program. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering (OASES) was utilized for outcome measures.Results: Significant improvement was found on the OASES’ overall impact score when comparing pre- and post-telepractice maintenance, (Z=-2.81, p=0.005). Additionally, participants experienced significant improvement in participants’ perceptions of their speaking abilities (Z=-2.45, p=0.014) and in overall quality of life (Z=-2.07, p=0.038).Conclusions: While PWS are faced with challenges when seeking to improve upon communication skills, the current study offers additional evidence that telepractice is a viable delivery option for the maintenance of therapeutic gains.
Impact of Face Masks on Acoustic Measures in Patients with Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders and Normal Speakers
Authors: Choi Seong Hee , Kim Deok Ae
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a very important hygiene measure to block or prevent respiratory droplets and infections. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of wearing face masks on the acoustical measurement of voice and speech in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders, and to present guidelines for wearing a mask when evaluating voice and speech.Methods: A total of 20 patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders who diagnosed with vocal nodules, muscle tension dysphonia, and adductor spasmodic dysphonia (14 females, 6 males, age=30.55±8.24) and age-and gender-matched 20 healthy adults (15 females, 5 males, age=27.31±7.52) were enrolled. All participants completed three speech tasks (sustained /a/vowel, CAPEV-3 all voiced sentence, and the ‘Kaeul’ standard passage- 2nd sentence) with their habitual pitch and loudness among the different mask conditions (No mask, surgical, and KF94). Acoustic analysis including perturbation and cepstral & spectral parameters was conducted with MDVP and ADSV.Results: For the healthy speakers, there were significantly lower in jitter (%), shimmer (%), and noise-to-harmonic (NHR) in no mask condition than in mask conditions, while there was no significantly different in perturbation measures (F0, jitter (%), shimmer (%), and NHR for patients. Vocal intensity was significantly reduced in mask-wearing conditions either surgical or KF94 mask with all speech tasks except sustained /a/ vowel phonation for patients. Cepstral peak prominence (CPP) was not significantly different among the different mask conditions in sustained /a/ vowel phonation and 3rd CAPEV sentence (all voiced sentence) in all groups. Both healthy speakers and patients showed significantly lower L/H ratio values in the no mask condition.Conclusions: Overall, in current study, wearing a mask or the type of face mask did not change time-based and cepstral acoustic parameters, while a spectral measure such as L/H ratio was significantly increased in mask-wearing conditions in patients with hyperfunctional voice disorders. These findings suggest that wearing either surgical or KF 94 masks could be a safe and relevant choice for acoustic perturbation and cepstral measures with /a/ vowel in hyperfunctional dysphonia.
Effects of Active Video Games in Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review
Authors: Peyrachon Romane , Rébillard Amélie
Published: May 2023

Background

Physical activity (PA) is now considered an adjuvant therapy in cancer treatment; nevertheless, multiple barriers could reduce PA engagement during treatment. Active video games (AVGs) lead to the achievement of mild- to moderate-intensity PA and represent a promising tool for regular movement and exercise.

Objective

This paper aims to review the current literature and provide updated content on the physiological and psychological effects of AVG-based interventions in patients with cancer undergoing treatment.

Methods

Four electronic databases were investigated. Studies reporting on AVG interventions delivered to patients undergoing treatment were included. A total of 21 articles (17 interventions) were identified for data extraction and quality assessment.

Results

A total of 362 patients with cancer participated in the studies (number of participants 3-70). The majority underwent treatment for breast, lung, prostate, hematologic, or oral or laryngeal cancer. The types and stages of cancer varied in all studies. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 93 years. Four studies included patients with pediatric cancer. The duration of interventions ranged from 2 to 16 weeks, with a minimum of 2 sessions per week and a maximum of 1 daily session. Sessions were supervised in 10 studies, and 7 included home-based interventions. AVG interventions improved endurance, quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and self-efficacy. Effects were mixed on strength, physical function, and depression. AVGs did not affect activity level, body composition, or anxiety. Compared with standard physiotherapy, physiological effects were lower or similar, and psychological effects were higher or similar.

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that AVGs can be recommended to patients undergoing cancer treatment, given the physiological and psychological benefits. When AVGs are proposed, supervision of the sessions should be considered as it can limit dropouts. In the future, it is important to develop AVGs that combine endurance and muscle strengthening, with the possibility of achieving moderate to high exercise intensity, depending on the physical abilities of the patients, as indicated in the World Health Organization’s recommendations.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Geriatric Care: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Liang Yiqing , Cao Songmei , Cai Peixuan , Fan Yimeng
Published: May 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve the health and well-being of older adults and has the potential to assist and improve nursing care. In recent years, research in this area has been increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the status of development and main research hotspots and identify the main contributors and their relationships in the application of AI in geriatric care via bibliometric analysis.

Objective

Using bibliometric analysis, this study aims to examine the current research hotspots and collaborative networks in the application of AI in geriatric care over the past 23 years.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was used as a source. All publications from inception to August 2022 were downloaded. The external characteristics of the publications were summarized through HistCite and the Web of Science. Keywords and collaborative networks were analyzed using VOSviewers and Citespace.

Results

We obtained a total of 230 publications. The works originated in 499 institutions in 39 countries, were published in 124 journals, and were written by 1216 authors. Publications increased sharply from 2014 to 2022, accounting for 90.87% (209/230) of all publications. The United States and the International Journal of Social Robotics had the highest number of publications on this topic. The 1216 authors were divided into 5 main clusters. Among the 230 publications, 4 clusters were modeled, including Alzheimer disease, aged care, acceptance, and the surveillance and treatment of diseases. Machine learning, deep learning, and rehabilitation had also become recent research hotspots.

Conclusions

Research on the application of AI in geriatric care has developed rapidly. The development of research and cooperation among countries/regions and institutions are limited. In the future, strengthening the cooperation and communication between different countries/regions and institutions may further drive this field’s development. This study provides researchers with the information necessary to understand the current state, collaborative networks, and main research hotspots of the field. In addition, our results suggest a series of recommendations for future research.
Patient Perceptions of e-Visits: Qualitative Study of Older Adults to Inform Health System Implementation (Preprint)
Authors: Judson Timothy J , Subash Meera , Harrison James D , Yeager Jan , Williams Aimée M , Grouse Carrie K , Byron Maria
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Electronic visits (e-visits) are billable, asynchronous patient-initiated messages that require at least five minutes of medical decision-making by a provider. Unequal use of patient portal tools like e-visits by certain patient populations may worsen health disparities. To date, no study has attempted to qualitatively assess perceptions of e-visits in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

In this qualitative study, we aimed to understand patient perceptions of e-visits, including their perceived utility, barriers to use, and care implications, with a focus on vulnerable patient groups.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth structured individual interviews with patients from diverse backgrounds to assess their knowledge and perceptions surrounding e-visits as compared with unbilled portal messages and other visit types. We used content analysis to analyze interview data.

RESULTS

We conducted 20 interviews, all in adults older than 65 years. We identified 4 overarching coding categories or themes. First, participants were generally accepting of the concept of e-visits and willing to try them. Second, nearly two-thirds of the participants voiced a preference for synchronous communication. Third, participants had specific concerns about the name “e-visit” and when to choose this type of visit in the patient portal. Fourth, some participants indicated discomfort using or accessing technology for e-visits. Financial barriers to the use of e-visits was not a common theme.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that older adults are generally accepting of the concept of e-visits, but uptake may be limited due to their preference for synchronous communication. We identified several opportunities to improve e-visit implementation.