bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency comparison between data rate control and transmission power control algorithms for wireless body sensor networks
Authors: Sodhro Ali Hassan , Chen Li , Sekhari Aicha , Ouzrout Yacine , Wu Wanqing
Published: January 2018

This article presents comparison between data rate or rate control, that is, video transmission rate control algorithm and transmission power control algorithms for two different cases. First, energy consumption due to high peak variable data rates in video transmission. Second, energy depletion due to high transmission power consumption and dynamic nature of wireless on-body channel. The former one focuses on constant (fixed) transmission power level and variable data rate (“severe” conditions), for example, medical monitoring of the emergency patients. The latter considers variable transmission power level and constant (fixed) data rate (“less severe” conditions), for example, electrocardiography measurement for patients in wireless body sensor networks. Besides, energy efficiency comparison analysis of battery-driven or video transmission rate control algorithm and transmission power control–driven or power control algorithm is presented. Finally, proposed algorithms are analyzed and categorized as energy-efficient and battery-friendly for medical applications in wireless body sensor networks.
(Q, S)-distance model and counting algorithms in dynamic distributed systems
Authors: Yang Zhiwei , Wu Weigang , Chen Yishun , Lin Xiaola , Cao Jiannong
Published: January 2018

With the advance in mobile network-based systems, dynamic system has become one of the hotspots in fundamental study of distributed systems. In this article, we consider the dynamic system with frequent topology changes arising from node mobility or other reasons, which is also referred to as “dynamic network.” With the model of dynamic network, fundamental distributed computing problems, such as information dissemination and election, can be formally studied with rigorous correctness. Our work focuses on the node counting problem in dynamic environments. We first define two new dynamicity models, named ( Q, S)- distance and ( Q, S)*- distance, which describe dynamic changes of information propagation time against topology changes. Based on these two models, we design three different counting algorithms which basically adopt the approach of diffusing computation. These algorithms mainly differ in communication cost due to different information collection procedures. The correctness of all the algorithms is formally proved and their performance is evaluated via both theoretical analysis and experimental simulations.
The One Voice Project: A Case of Complexity in Community-Driven Education Reform
Authors: Davis Natalie R. , Monroe Xavier J. , Drake Thomas M.
Published: January 2018

This case represents an effort to connect academic learning with educational reform in real time. It describes a district initiative to meaningfully engage a skeptical community and the subsequent attempts of university-based researchers to provide further entry points into the perspectives and concerns of educational partners. What is compelling about the ensuing case is its relevancy to current graduate students in educational leadership and policy studies, many of whom are still grappling with distinctions between theory and practice, and their evolving role(s) in improving schools at the local and national levels. Education discourses continue to make evident the tensions between academic knowledge and the priorities of field practitioners. Consequently, this anonymous case provides an opportunity to consider how one (e.g., graduate student, university-based teacher/researcher) might negotiate potentially conflicting demands and respond to the most immediate needs of the surrounding community. This case follows university-based staff, Johnathon Greene, and student researchers, Nia Williams and Micah Robinson, as they are called upon by a newly appointed superintendent, Dr. Elaine Shull, to help facilitate the process of “listening” to and understanding the needs of the College Park Public School community. How might this type of collaboration create new opportunities for learning, professional development, and strategic action?
Power-minimization and energy-reduction autonomous navigation of an omnidirectional Mecanum robot via the dynamic window approach local trajectory planning
Authors: Xie Li , Henkel Christian , Stol Karl , Xu Weiliang
Published: January 2018

To improve the energy efficiency of the Mecanum wheel, this article extends the dynamic window approach by adding a new energy-related criterion for minimizing the power consumption of autonomous mobile robots. The energy consumption of the Mecanum robot is first modeled by considering major factors. Then, the model is utilized in the extended dynamic window approach–based local trajectory planner to additionally evaluate the omnidirectional velocities of the robot. Based on the new trajectory planning objective that minimizes power consumption, energy-reduction autonomous navigation is proposed via the combinational cost objectives of low power consumption and high speed. Comprehensive experiments are performed in various autonomous navigation task scenarios, to validate the energy consumption model and to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in minimizing the power consumption and reducing the energy consumption. It is observed that the technique effectively takes advantage of the Mecanum robot’s redundant maneuverability, can cope with any type of path and is able to fulfil online obstacle avoidance.
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma: A large series treated at a single institution
Authors: Wang Haotong , Miao Ruoyu , Jacobson Alex , Harmon David , Choy Edwin , Hornicek Francis , Raskin Kevin , Chebib Ivan , DeLaney Thomas F , Chen Yen-Lin E
Published: January 2018

Purpose: This study is to present a large cohort of extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) and evaluate prognostic factors and treatment options. Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 41 patients with extraskeletal osteosarcoma that was diagnosed by pathology, and treated at our institution between 1960 and 2016. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify variables that affect survival outcomes. Results: 41 patients were identified from 952 osteosarcomas. 32 patients had non-metastatic disease. Prognostic factors were identified by univariate analysis and multi-variate analysis. Surgery ( p<0.001), and surgery type ( p<0.001) both were shown to significantly affect overall survival (OS). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) did not show any significant effect on OS, local recurrence, or progression free survival as a whole. However for patients who had incomplete resection with residual tumor RT improved OS ( p=0.03). The survival curve for ESOS follows more closely that of non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). Conclusions: ESOS is a very rare tumor. Attempt to achieve wide resection is the treatment of choice. However for patients who are not able to achieve complete resection, RT may improve OS. The behavior of ESOS more closely follows that of NRSTS than osteosarcoma of the bone.
Differences of energy expenditure while sitting versus standing: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saeidifard Farzane , Medina-Inojosa Jose R , Supervia Marta , Olson Thomas P , Somers Virend K , Erwin Patricia J , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco
Published: January 2018

Background

Replacing sitting with standing is one of several recommendations to decrease sedentary time and increase the daily energy expenditure, but the difference in energy expenditure between standing versus sitting has been controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine this difference.

Designs and methods

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar for observational and experimental studies that compared the energy expenditure of standing versus sitting. We calculated mean differences and 95% confidence intervals using a random effects model. We conducted different predefined subgroup analyses based on characteristics of participants and study design.

Results

We identified 658 studies and included 46 studies with 1184 participants for the final analysis. The mean difference in energy expenditure between sitting and standing was 0.15 kcal/min (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12–0.17). The difference among women was 0.1 kcal/min (95% CI 0.0–0.21), and was 0.19 kcal/min (95% CI 0.05–0.33) in men. Observational studies had a lower difference in energy expenditure (0.11 kcal/min, 95% CI 0.08–0.14) compared to randomised trials (0.2 kcal/min, 95% CI 0.12–0.28). By substituting sitting with standing for 6 hours/day, a 65 kg person will expend an additional 54 kcal/day. Assuming no increase in energy intake, this difference in energy expenditure would be translated into the energy content of about 2.5 kg of body fat mass in 1 year.

Conclusions

The substitution of sitting with standing could be a potential solution for a sedentary lifestyle to prevent weight gain in the long term. Future studies should aim to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of this strategy.
Reimagining Work: Normative Commonplaces and Their Effects on Accessibility in Workplaces
Authors: Konrad Annika
Published: January 2018

This article investigates how normative attitudes about work construct barriers to workers who are blind and visually impaired. The researcher collected narratives about rhetorical experiences from blind and visually impaired participants in the United States and analyzed accounts of these workplace interactions to identify rhetorical commonplaces that drive arguments about work. These commonplaces reveal the ableist assumptions that construct access barriers and constrain rhetorical possibilities for disabled workers’ self-advocacy. The author proposes that business and professional communication students and practitioners should engage in collaborative approaches to flexible thinking and leadership necessary for reimagining work in ways that promote accessibility.
Innovative Financing of Higher Education
Authors: Panigrahi Jinusha
Published: January 2018

With the onset of new public management, there is a shift in the methods of financing of higher education institutions across the countries of the world, particularly emerging market economies, from public financing to private financing of higher education.1 Many countries adopted this shift very quickly while others have moved towards a gradual shift in adopting new systems to various extents. With the gradual decline in public financing of higher education institutions in developing countries like India, due to the competing demand for public funds and thereby privatization of public higher education institutions to share the cost of higher education to meet the growing demand for higher education, there are many new innovative methods that are adopted to finance higher education institutions. Further, the massification of higher education has encouraged the expansion of private higher education institutions to meet the sudden burst in the demand for higher education.

The article discusses the issues and challenges in implementing the innovative methods of financing across the developed and developing countries with special regard to their implementation in a developing country like India.
Expansion of Private Engineering Institutions
Authors: Singh Antra , Singh Seema
Published: January 2018

Globalization process and growth of knowledge economy with increasing dependency on innovative information technology necessitated an expansion of higher education institution. With the country counting on its demographic dividend, the increase in number of students seeking university degree is putting pressure on the higher education sector to expand. Government funding in higher education is not sufficient to meet the growing demand, which has led to the establishment and mushrooming growth of private higher education institutions. Private higher education institutions are established by philanthropic, private business establishments, religious and for-profit organizations. The increase in the number of institutions carries with it serious challenges ahead; thus, the article discusses the challenges ahead of these private engineering institutions.
Identity and Social Reconciliation in a Postconflict Korea: What Role for the Church?
Authors: Son Sarah A.
Published: January 2018

One of the greatest tragedies of the inter-Korean conflict is the loss of shared identity between the two peoples. If the situation arises that the two nations have the opportunity to become one again, building a shared sense of collective identity will be the primary task of a unified administration. As the experiences of other countries show, navigating a political transition involves both dealing with the past and building a vision for the future that provides a sense of national solidarity and hope; the church has a key role to play in facilitating reconciliation and long-term peace.
Effect of nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches after unrelated allogeneic transplantation with in vivo T-cell depletion
Authors: Oran Betül , Saliba Rima M. , Carmazzi Yudith , de Lima Marcos , Rondon Gabriela , Ahmed Sairah , Alousi Amin , Andersson Borje S. , Anderlini Paolo , Alvarez Michelle , Bashir Qasier , Ciurea Stefan , Fernandez-Vina Marcelo , Hosing Chitra , Kebriaei Partow , Korbling Martin , Cano Pedro , Khouri Issa , Marin David , Nieto Yago , Olson Amanda , Popat Uday , Rezvani Katy , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard E. , Cao Kai
Published: January 2018

Key Points

After HSCT with in vivo T-cell depletion using ATG, HLA-DPB1 nonpermissive mismatches at the GVH direction increase the risk for aGVHD. HLA-DPB1–matched pairs have an increased risk for disease progression if intermediate risk by the Disease Risk Index.
Meeting the Challenge: The National Cancer Institute’s Central Institutional Review Board for Multi-Site Research
Authors: Massett Holly A. , Hampp Sharon L. , Goldberg Jacquelyn L. , Mooney Margaret , Parreco Linda K. , Minasian Lori , Montello Mike , Mishkin Grace E. , Davis Catasha , Abrams Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2018

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) issued a new policy that requires a single institutional review board (IRB) of record be used for all protocols funded by the NIH that are carried out at more than one site in the United States, effective January 2018. This policy affects several hundred clinical trials opened annually across the NIH. Limited data exist to compare the use of a single IRB to that of multiple local IRBs, so some institutions are resistant to or distrustful of single IRBs. Since 2001, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has funded a central IRB (CIRB) that provides human patient reviews for its extensive national cancer clinical trials program. This paper presents data to show the adoption, efficiencies gained, and satisfaction of the CIRB among NCI trial networks and reviews key lessons gleaned from 16 years of experience that may be informative for others charged with implementation of the new NIH single-IRB policy.
Mitotic spindles revisited – new insights from 3D electron microscopy
Authors: Müller-Reichert Thomas , Kiewisz Robert , Redemann Stefanie
Published: January 2018

The mitotic spindle is a complex three-dimensional (3D) apparatus that functions to ensure the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Our current understanding of spindle architecture is mainly based on a plethora of information derived from light microscopy with rather few insights about spindle ultrastructure obtained from electron microscopy. In this Review, we will provide insights into the history of imaging of mitotic spindles and highlight recent technological advances in electron tomography and data processing, which have delivered detailed 3D reconstructions of mitotic spindles in the early embryo of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tomographic reconstructions provide novel views on spindles and will enable us to revisit and address long-standing questions in the field of mitosis.
Myosin phosphorylation potentiated steady state work output without altering contractile economy of mouse fast skeletal muscles
Authors: Gittings William , Bunda Jordan , Vandenboom Rene
Published: January 2018

Skeletal myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) catalyzed phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) increases (i.e. potentiates) mechanical work output of fast skeletal muscle. The influence of this event on contractile economy (i.e. energy cost/work performed) remains controversial, however. Our purpose was to quantify contractile economy of potentiated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from mouse skeletal muscles with (wildtype, WT) and without (skMLCK ablated, skMLCK−/−) the ability to phosphorylate the RLC. Contractile economy was calculated as the ratio of total work performed to high-energy phosphate consumption (HEPC) during a period of repeated isovelocity contractions that followed a potentiating stimulus (PS). Consistent with genotype, the PS increased RLC phosphorylation measured during before and after isovelocity contractions in WT but not skMLCK−/− muscles (i.e. 0.65 and 0.05 mol phos mol RLC, respectively). In addition, although the PS enhanced work during repeated isovelocity contractions in both genotypes the increase was significantly greater in WT than in skMLCK−/− muscles (1.51±0.03 vs. 1.10±0.05, respectively) (all data P<0.05, n=8). Interestingly, the HEPC determined during repeated isovelocity contractions was statistically similar between genotypes at 19.03±3.37 and 16.02±3.41 µmol∼P; respectively (P<0.27). As a result, despite performing significantly more work, the contractile economy calculated for WT muscles was similar to that calculated for skMLCK−/− muscles (i.e. 5.74±0.67 and 4.61±0.71 J•kg−1μmol∼P−1; respectively (P<0.27). In conclusion, our results support the notion that myosin RLC phosphorylation enhances dynamic contractile function of mouse fast skeletal muscle but does so without decreasing contractile economy.
Effects of Acute Salbutamol Intake on Peripheral and Central Fatigue in Trained Men
Authors: LAURENT JULIEN , GUINOT MICHEL , LE ROUX MALLOUF THIBAULT , MARILLIER MATHIEU , LARRIBAUT JULIE , VERGES SAMUEL
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Ergogenic effect in physically active subjects has been reported after acute salbutamol (SAL) intake. β2-Agonists have potential stimulant effects within the central nervous system that could be involved in this ergogenic effect. We hypothesized that acute SAL intake would induce changes in cerebral responses during exercise, with significant improvement in cerebral oxygenation and voluntary activation (VA) contributing to an increase in muscle performance.

Methods

Fourteen trained male subjects (25 ± 5 yr) performed repeated isometric knee extensions until task failure (TF) after 4 mg (oral) SAL, 800 μg (inhaled) SAL, or placebo intake. VA, corticospinal excitability, and inhibition assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation and changes in hemoglobin concentrations assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy were measured before and during the fatiguing task.

Results

SAL had no significant effect both at rest and during exercise on prefrontal cortex oxygenation (e.g., changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration at TF: 11.4 ± 11.1 (4 mg SAL) vs 10.4 ± 10.6 (800 μg SAL) vs 10.8 ± 8.1 μmol (placebo); P = 0.314) and neuromuscular function (e.g., VA measured by TMS at TF: 90.2% ± 6.6% vs 92.6% ± 5.0% vs 90.1% ± 7.0%; P = 0.760). SAL had no effect on the number of contractions until TF (95 ± 51 vs 100 ± 52 vs 93 ± 47; P = 0.629).

Conclusions

These results indicate that acute SAL intake had no effect on central and peripheral mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue and did not improve quadriceps endurance.
Friedman's Presidential Address in the Evolution of Macroeconomic Thought
Authors: Mankiw N. Gregory , Reis Ricardo
Published: January 2018

Milton Friedman's presidential address, “The Role of Monetary Policy,” which was delivered 50 years ago in December 1967 and published in the March 1968 issue of the American Economic Review, is unusual in the outsized role it has played. What explains the huge influence of this work, merely 17 pages in length? One factor is that Friedman addresses an important topic. Another is that it is written in simple, clear prose, making it an ideal addition to the reading lists of many courses. But what distinguishes Friedman's address is that it invites readers to reorient their thinking in a fundamental way. It was an invitation that, after hearing the arguments, many readers chose to accept. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to view Friedman's 1967 AEA presidential address as marking a turning point in the history of macroeconomic research. Our goal here is to assess this contribution, with the benefit of a half-century of hindsight. We discuss where macroeconomics was before the address, what insights Friedman offered, where researchers and central bankers stand today on these issues, and (most speculatively) where we may be heading in the future.
Automated customized retrieval of radiotherapy data for clinical trials, audit and research
Authors: Romanchikova Marina , Harrison Karl , Burnet Neil G , Hoole Andrew CF , Sutcliffe Michael PF , Parker Michael Andrew , Jena Rajesh , Thomas Simon James
Published: January 2018

Objective:

To enable fast and customizable automated collection of radiotherapy (RT) data from tomotherapy storage.

Methods:

Human-readable data maps (TagMaps) were created to generate DICOM-RT (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard for Radiation Therapy) data from tomotherapy archives, and provided access to “hidden” information comprising delivery sinograms, positional corrections and adaptive-RT doses.

Results:

797 data sets totalling 25,000 scans were batch-exported in 31.5 h. All archived information was restored, including the data not available via commercial software. The exported data were DICOM-compliant and compatible with major commercial tools including RayStation, Pinnacle and ProSoma. The export ran without operator interventions.

Conclusion:

The TagMap method for DICOM-RT data modelling produced software that was many times faster than the vendor’s solution, required minimal operator input and delivered high volumes of vendor-identical DICOM data. The approach is applicable to many clinical and research data processing scenarios and can be adapted to recover DICOM-RT data from other proprietary storage types such as Elekta, Pinnacle or ProSoma.

Advances in knowledge:

A novel method to translate data from proprietary storage to DICOM-RT is presented. It provides access to the data hidden in electronic archives, offers a working solution to the issues of data migration and vendor lock-in and paves the way for large-scale imaging and radiomics studies.
Donos do PIB, reformas e eleições: costura delicada
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: January 2018

Ou as reformas saem agora, ou os candidatos que eventualmente as defenderem serão derrotados nas urnas.
Finanças: o calcanhar de Aquiles dos empreendedores
Authors: Andreassi Tales
Published: January 2018

Ainda que não conheça ou não goste da área, o empreendedor precisa fazer mais do que apenas delegar a gestão financeira para outra pessoa.
Se não mudar, vai quebrar
Authors: Santos Aline Lilian dos , Wilner Adriana
Published: January 2018

Se a gestão dos hospitais públicos não melhorar, o sistema de saúde brasileiro vai sucumbir. Quem faz esse diagnóstico é o engenheiro Antonio José Rodrigues Pereira, superintendente do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Desde 2004 na função, ele acredita em uma quebra de paradigmas no maior complexo hospitalar da América Latina, diante do esforço seu e de seus colegas em integrar administração e medicina, por meio de planejamento, eventos focados na qualidade do serviço prestado, um novo sistema de informações e parcerias com empresas privadas. Com relação à saúde no Brasil, Antonio acredita que o principal problema é a falta de tecnologia, informação e conhecimento, o que permitiria decisões mais estratégicas, principalmente no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Segundo ele, saber as necessidades de cada hospital – desde o número de luvas utilizadas até a demanda por leitos – é fundamental para que o SUS seja de fato integrado e os pacientes possam ser distribuídos adequadamente. Além disso, nesta entrevista exclusiva à GV executivo, Antonio fala sobre sua trajetória profissional; ressalta a importância de o sistema público trabalhar em sincronia com o privado, interagindo e realizando parcerias com empresas; e fala sobre as perspectivas da saúde no Brasil para os próximos anos.
A cura está nos médicos de família
Authors: Nicz Luiz Fernando
Published: January 2018

O Brasil tem um sistema de saúde baseado na automatização da relação médico-paciente e com custos acima da inflação. Como combater esses males?
Gestão saudável
Authors: Vendramini Annelise , Hummel Natalia Lutti
Published: January 2018

As organizações precisam reconhecer e mensurar os riscos e as oportunidades que os ecossistemas oferecem, para tomar decisões estratégicas e que tragam benefícios no médio e longo prazos.
Criatividade exige ousadia e ponderação de riscos
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: January 2018

Mesmo as pessoas mais ousadas e criativas  precisam de uma dose de Ponderação para aumentar suas Chances de sucesso.
Um bom negócio?
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: January 2018

Diante de um desconto, você pode acabar gastando dinheiro em um produto do qual não precisa.
The effect of paclitaxel (taxol) on the reproductive system and the semen parameters as well as on other organs of male rats.
Authors: KOEHLER-SAMOUILIDOU (ΓΚ. ΚΕΛΕΡ-ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛΙΔΟΥ) G. , KALDRYMIDOU (Ε. ΚΑΛΔΡΥΜΙΔΟΥ) E. , PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠΑΠΑΪΩΑΝΝΟΥ) N. , KOTSAKI-KOVATSI (Β-Π. ΚΩΤΣΑΚΗ-ΚΟΒΑΤΣΗ) V. P. , VADARAKIS (Α. ΒΑΝΤΑΡΑΚΗΣ) A.
Published: January 2018

The effect of the administration of paclitaxel on the male reproductive organs as well as on several semen parameters and other organs of Wis tar rats was studied. To 14 weeks old rats 12,4 mg paclitaxel/kg b.w.were administered i.p. once a week for 4 weeks. Six days after the last injection of paclitaxel ten animals, five (n=5) test (group Al) and five control animals (group A2) were sacrificed. Another ten animals, five (n=5) test (group Bl) and five (n=5) control animals (group B2) were sacrificed eleven weeks after the last injection of paclitaxel. The weights of the testes, the epididymis and the prostate gland of the test animals (group Al) were decreased as compared to the control animals (group A2). The number and the motility of the test animal spermatozoa were decreased, and many of them were abnormal. Histologically, the dividing cells and round spermatids were most affected. Leydig cells appeared degenerated. The epithelium of the ductucs epididymis was cuboidal and cell microvilli were absent. There was infiltration of neutrophils. The prostate gland was cystic with degeneration and desquamation of the epithelial cells. In the adrenals cellular degeneration and histiocytic infiltration were observed. In the spleen myeloid metaplasis and in the liver local allergic reaction around the interlobular bile ducts were observed. The weights of the testes, the epididymis and the prostate glands of the test animals (group Bl) were normal as compared with the control animals (group B2). The sperm motility was also normal but the number of spermatozoa was still decreased as compared with the control animals (group B2). Histologically, all examined organs were similar to those of the control animals.
Clinical signs of foot and Mouth disease in flick of Saanen goats in the village of N. Sofiko
Authors: MAVRIDIS (Γ.Λ.ΜΑΥΡΙΔΗΣ) G. L.
Published: January 2018

This research describes the clinical signs of foot and mouth disease (type O), observed for ten days in a isolated flick of Saanen goats in the village of N. Sofiko, Prefecture of Evros, in August 1994. The disease appeared in Evros ten years after the last incident of foot and Mouth disease in two herbs of cattle in Delta of Evros in 1984. Young animals (kids) were affected by the disease first and the older ones presented clinical signs in the following five or six days. Nearly every animal presented a high fever (up to 41,9) diarrhoea, frothy nasal and oral secretion, lacrimation, small vesicles and necrosis of the mucosal membranes of the oral cavity. The serological research, gave positive results for 3 animals in a herd for cattle, located 10 Km far from the focus of the disease. Sera from 45 sheep and goats in 14 flocks, gave also positive results, but no clinical signs were observed. Finally, the goats of the flock affected by mouth and foot disease, were killed as well as the animals of a sheep flock and a cattle herd. Those sheep and cattle browsed in the same field with the goats affected by the disease and serum samples taken from them, gave positive results. Besides, all sheep and goats in the limits of protective and supervision zone having title >200, were lifted according to the Headship's of Veterinary Service in Evros decision, so the region returned to its former way of life.
The estimation of digestible protein in the small intestine of ruminants. The French system.
Authors: FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ - ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) P.
Published: January 2018

The ruminants, as all animals, need to obtain a certain amount of dietary protein to satisfy their requirements in nitrogen. Until 1978, the system of digestible protein was employed in France to estimate both the nitrogen requirements of ruminants for their maintenance and/or production and the protein value of feedstuffs. This system, however, presents considerable disadvantages since it cannot distinguish the protein nitrogen from the non protein nitrogen. Moreover, this system does not take into account the microbial protein synthesis and the protein degradability in the rumen. It was for these reasons that French researchers start using from 1978 the system of digestible protein in the small intestine, i.e. the system P.D.I. for the estimation of the protein requirements of ruminants and the protein value of feedstuffs.
An epizootiological survey of sheep pox in Greece from 1982 to 1998
Authors: MANGANA-VOUGIOUKA (Ο. ΜΑΓΤΑΝΑ-ΒΟΥΠΟΥΚΑ) O. , NOMIKOU (Κ. ΝΟΜΙΚΟΥ) K. , PANAGIOTATOS (Δ. ΠΑΝΑΠΩΤΑΤΟΣ) D. , BAKANDRITSOS (Ν. ΜΠΑΚΑΝΔΡΙΤΣΟΣ) N. , KOPTOPOULOS (Γ. ΚΟΠΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) G.
Published: January 2018

Sheep pox outbreaks in Greece during the last 17 years are reviewed. It is believed that the disease is mostly introduced from eastern neighboring countries. The transmission of the virus is connected to the movements and contact of sheep flocks. It is also attributed to human-animal contacts. Disease foci appeared in several central and northeastern areas of the country. Between 1982 and 1986 the country remained sheeppox free. The first outbreak appeared in the island of Lesbos in 1987. In 1988 sheeppox outbreaks did occur in the Evros prefecture. In 1994 one new outbreak occurred in Evros. During the 1995-1998 period several outbreaks occurred in Evros and other regions, such as in Thessaloniki (1995), Larissa, Xanthi, Rodopi, Kavala, Magnissia, and Lemnos island (1996), Kavala, Magnissia, Halkidiki, and Samothraki island (1997). In 1998 the cases of sheeppox were reduced and occurred only in prefecture of Evros.
Pleural effusions in the dog. Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: KLADAKIS (Σ.Ε. ΚΛΑΔΑΚΗΣ) S. Ε. , ADAMAMA - MORAITOU (Κ. Κ. ΑΔΑΜΑΜΑ-ΜΩΡΑΪΤΟΥ) K. K. , RALLIS (Τ.Σ. ΡΑΛΛΗΣ) T. S.
Published: January 2018

Accumulation of fluid (pleural effusion) in the pleural space of dogs is a relatively common clinical entity in the everyday practice. These can result from variable causes, such as right-sided heart failure, pericardial disease, hypoalbouminemia, neoplasia, heartworm disease, diaphragmatic hernia, bleeding disorders, traumatic or idiopathic causes. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical findings, laboratory tests, thoracocentesis, thoracic radiography and/or ultrasonography. Therapeutic approach depends on the etiology and the clinical condition of the affected dog. In dogs presented with severe respiratory distress, and after the confirmation of pleural effusion with thoracic radiography, thoracocentesis is performed to stabilize the animal's condition. If indicated, surgical management is attempted. Conservative therapy includes intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement, antibiotics administration and chest tube placement in refractory cases. Moreover, pleurodesis may be indicated in chronic relapsing cases.
Common non infectious skin conditions of laboratory mice and rats
Authors: GOURTSAS (K.I. ΓΚΟΥΡΤΣΑΣ) K. I.
Published: January 2018

Laboratory mice and rats are the most favourite animals of the researchers all over the world. Sometimes these rodents can show a number of non infectious conditions concerning their hair, skin or legs and tail. These can be alopecia, bite wounds or the shedding of their legs or tail. It is important that ordinarily there is not a pathological cause for these conditions. It is believed that the social behaviour and the enviromental conditions of the animals may play a role. Fortunately, these cases are easily encountered and so, healthy animals are ensured for every reliable research.
Aeromonas hydrophìla, A human pathogen
Authors: ABRAHIM (Α. ΑΜΠΡΑΧΙΜ) A. , PAPANOTAS (Κ. ΠΑΠΑΝΩΤΑΣ) K.
Published: January 2018

Aeromonas hydrophìla has been considered human pathogen and is involved in gastroenteritis, wound infections and septicaemia. It is also a cause of disease in fish, in amphibian and in reptiles. A. hydrophìla can grow in chilled foods and has been isolated from the environment, from non chlorinated and chlorinated water, ready-to-eat meat from poultry meat, fish and fish products, raw milk and milk products and vegetables. The present article is a review article and deals with the isolation and identification procedures, pathogenesis and epidemiology of the microorganism and the therapy to humans.
Topical treatment of canine pyodermas
Authors: KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) A. F. , SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ.Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) M. N.
Published: January 2018

Topical treatment in canine pyodermas helps to reduce or eliminate the surface bacterial population and to restore the epidermal and follicular integrity. In most superficial and deep pyodermas topical treatment rarely works when used alone; however, its judicious use can make the patient more comfortable and hasten the response to systemic antibiotics. Conversely, in surface pyodermas or pseudopyodermas topicals usually suffice. Among various antimicrobials, the most commonly used include benzoyl peroxide, ethyl lactate, povidone-iodine, triclozan and some antibiotics such as mupirocin, fucidic acid, neomycin and clindamycin. In addition, other topical medication like glucocorticoids, astrigents and dessicating powders are usually applied in dogs with surface pyodermas. Finally, hydrotherapy is very helpful in deep pyoderma cases in the form of wet dressings or baths. The effectiveness of topical treatment depends on the appropriate selection of the active ingredient and its delivery system (formulations), that should accommodate the kind, the distribution and the extension of skin lesions.
Implications in the health of workers in swine confinement buildings - effects on the respiratory system
Authors: BALKAMOS (Γ.Κ. ΜΠΑΛΚΑΜΟΣ) G. C. , KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ) S. K. , TZIKA (Ε.Δ. ΤΖΗΚΑ) E. D. , PAPAIOANNOU (Δ.Σ. ΠΑΠΑΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ) D. S. , KYRIAKIS (Σ.K. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ) S. C.
Published: January 2018

Confinement units are commonly used all over the world to raise pigs. Despite their economic advantages, their microenvironment causes severe adverse effects on the health of farm workers. Respiratory complaints which have been associated with the exposure effects of organic dust and confinement gases on humans who have long-term employment into these settings, are reviewed. These include pulmonary function changes, airways imfiammation, mucosa irritation syndrome and organic dust toxic syndrome. Furthermore, the most important zoonoses which may provoke respiratory symptoms to the swine confinement workers are briefly reviewed. It is believed that these conditions can be prevented by improving air quality, husbandry systems and adopting hygiene measures.
Lyme disease.
Authors: KONTOS (Β.Ι. ΚΟΝΤΟΣ) V. I. , ATHANASIOU (Λ. Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ) L. V.
Published: January 2018

Lyme borreliosis is a tickbone, zoonotic, chronic disease with multisystemic clinical signs caused by bacteria of borelia species. It has a worldwide distribution and it is transmitted by the ticks of ixodes species. The reservoir of the causative agent in nature are small rodents, wild mammals and birds. In man, the clinical picture is quite clear: the pathognomonic sign is the chronicum erythema migrans in the acute phase, while in the dog, the clinical picture is not as clear: it looks like that of lupus erythematosus. The most constant symptom is lameness caused by the affection of joints. Diagnosis is based on the detection of antibodies against borrelia by the IFA method. Concerning public health, it is mentioned that in the U.S and in northern European countries, it is the most frequent tickbone disease while in Greece only some sporadic cases have been reported.
The presence of filarial parasites of dogs in Serrae Province
Authors: FOUNTA (Α. ΦΟΥΝΤΑ) A. , THEODORIDIS (Ι. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΙΔΗΣ) Y. , FRYDAS (Σ. ΦΡΥΔΑΣ) S. , CHLIOUNAKIS (Σ. ΧΛΕΙΟΥΝΑΚΗΣ) S.
Published: January 2018

Blood samples of 252 male and female dogs, aged between 7 months and 12 years, different races, and usefulness (utilities), which came from lowland and demi-highland and highland districts of Serrae province, of Macedonia-Greece. The purpose of this survey was to find out the infected dogs with filarial parasites. Ninety six (38,1%) out of the examined dogs were found to be infected with one or more parasitic species. The 86 (34,13%) dogs were infected with Dirofilaria immitis, the 84 (33,33%) dogs were infected with Dirofilaria repens and the 10 (3,97%) dogs were infected with Dipetalonema reconditum. Single infection, with Dirofilaria immitis was observed in 9, with Dirofilaria repens in 7, whereas, no single infection with Dipetalonema reconditum were observed. Mixed infection with Dirofilaria immitis + Dirafilaria repens were observed in 66, with Dirofilaria immitis + Dipetalonema reconditum were observed in 2, with Dirofilaria repens + Dipetalonema reconditum in 2 and finely, in 10 the combination with Dirofilaria immitis + Dirofilaria repens + Dipetalonema reconditum. The microfilarial burden per ml of the infected dogs fluctuated between 85 and 7.375. There were no any significant difference between the different group of dogs according sex, age, usefulness, longhair or shorthair as well as lowland and semi-highland districts, on the percentage of infected or microfilarial population of each.
The origin of Alpine breed: An atavistic phenomenon
Authors: KARATZAS (Γ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΑΣ) G. , MALLINIS (Δ. ΜΑΛΛΙΝΗΣ) D. , TSERTSENES (Ν. ΤΣΕΡΤΣΕΝΕΣ) N.
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study was to describe the origin of the Alpin breed through an atavistic phenomenon. A purebreed Alpin buck appeared horns entirely different from those of its breed. A number of different parameters were studied, such as the number of chromosomes, the body conformation, the colour, the horns, the head as well as the body dimension data. These parameters were compared with those from ten Alpin breed bucks and from thirteen aegagrus of the same age. We found that the horns of the buck that we examined were similar with those of the aegagrus. This seems to be an atavistic phenomenon. It is possible the Alpinbreed to have as ancestor the aegagrus. The clockwise of the left horn, which appears in the Alpin bucks, is a characteristic of the Capra prisca. This event points to the possibility that the Alpin breed is the product of a crossing of domestic goats, which originated from Capra prisca and Capra aegagrus.
Study of the efficacy and safety of proligestone administration for the control of the ovarian cycle in the bitch
Authors: TSELKAS (Κ. ΤΣΕΛΚΑΣ) K. , YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) P. , SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) Ph.
Published: January 2018

In this study the efficacy and safety of the administration of the progestagen proligestone for the control of the ovarian cycle of 66 female dogs were evaluated. Two to six injections of proligestone were made to those animals in anoestrus (group A, n=52) or 1 injection to those in the first 3 days of proestrus (group B, n = 14) in order to prevent or postpone oestrus, respectively. The efficacy of proligestone administration, based on the percentage of successful injections, was 98.07%, 98.03%, 98.00%, 97.67% and 88.00% after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th injection, respectively, and 96,83% in total, for group A, while 92.86% for group B. The observed side effects were: hair discoloration at the injection site, weight gain, pyometra and diabetes mellitus at α rate of 11.54%, 7.69%, 1.92% and 1.92%, respectively, for group A and 14.28%,14.28%, 7.14% and 0%, respectively, for group B.
The effect of sinefungin on the macromolecular biosynthesis of Leishmania species
Authors: TZORA (Α. ΤΖΩΡΑ) A. , LAWRENCE F. , ROBERT-GERO M.
Published: January 2018

The aim of the work presented here was the in vitro study of the action of the antibiotic sinefungin on the macromolecules DNA, RNA and the proteins of different isolates of Leismannia spp. in relation to the resistance or to the sensitivity of the strains examined. The mode of action of sinefungin of the Leishmania strains was detected by incorporating radiolabeled thymidine, uridine and leucine into promastigote forms, to study the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins respectively. In the sensitive strain L. tropica a statistically significant reduction of the rate of incorporation of thymidine to the DNA of the parasite, resulted to a 64% inhibition of leishmanial DNA synthesis by sinefungin at a concentration of 2.6 mM, when the time of action of the drug was 24 hours. In the sensitive strain L. tropica the reduction of the rate of incorporation of thymidine was depended on the concentration and the time of action of the drug. No inhibition of leishmanial RNA synthesis was observed. Our research showed that the action of the antibiotic sinefungin to the macromolecular biosynthesis of the protozoan Leishmania is independent of the strain and is strongly related with the expression of the sensitivity and the resistance of the strain. The main target of the antibiotic examined was the DNA of the Leishmania strains sensitive to the drug.
Rabbit semen fertility after heterospermic insemination with spermatozoa of different capacitation time
Authors: YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) P. , SARATSIS (Φ. ΣΑΡΑΤΣΗΣ) Ph. , SAMOUILIDIS (Σ. ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛΙΔΗΣ) S.
Published: January 2018

The influence of mixing heterogeneous sperm populations in rabbit semen fertility was studied. Eighty female rabbits which were divided in 4 groups (1,2,3 and 4) in = 20.) and 3 males of proven fertility were employed. The animals of group 1,2 and 3 were inseminated with semen from male A j, A2 and A3, respectively, while those of group 4 were inseminated with a mixture containing equal number of progressively motile spermatozoa from each of the above mentioned males ( A 1 + 2 + 3 ) (heterospermic insemination). Animals of each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to the insemination time (15,10, 5 and 0 hours prior the expected ovulation). In each group, differences were observed (P<0.05) between subgroups at the percentage of animals that delivered, indicating differences between males at the time and the duration of sperm capacitation in vivo. Based on the percentage of the animals that delivered and the litter size, semen fertility was improved after the application of heterospermic insemination, at all insemination times. This improvement was attributed to the extension of the time during which capacitated spermatozoa were present in the female genital tract due to the mixture of heterogeneous sperm populations of different capacitation time.
Effect of Kalzoral preparation on prevention of parturient paresis relapse, in dairy cows
Authors: KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) H. , ROUBIES (Ν. ΡΟΥΜΠΙΕΣ) N. , CHRISTODOULOPOULOS (Γ. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) G. , PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ) N. , PAPASTERIADIS (Α. ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΑΔΗΣ) A.
Published: January 2018

This research describes 20 cases of cows with parturient paresis (controls), which were treated with intravenous administrations of calcium gluconate and dextrose, and intramuscular injection of vit. D3 . In 20 other cases (experimental group), a solution of 250g Kalzoral was administrated orally, after the treatment mentioned above. Thiw Klzoral is a preparation of Dr E. Graeub AG, Bern Switzerland, containing 22% Ca, 4% Ρ, 5% Mg, 200.000 IU/kg vit D3 , flavours and taste improvements. The administration of Kalzoral was repeated twice, in the same dose, 24 and 48 h after the first administration. The levels of Ca, Ρ, Mg Κ and Na in the blood serum of the cows were measured before starting the treatment and also 24 and 72 h after it. Both groups, during the disease presented hypocalcemia (serum Ca<6,5 mg/dl), hypophosphatemia, mild hyponatremia, and normal concentrations of Mg and K. Six anomals (30%) of the controls group had a relapse within the first 24 h after the treatment. There was no relapse in the experimental group. The concentration of Ρ of the experimental cows came back to normal, the first day after the initial treatment while that of the controls, on the third. The concentration of Mg and Κ in the blood serum of all animals was found to be normal always. The initial hyponatremia of both groups remained at the same level, as it was indicated by the last two measurements and it appeared no connection to the parturient paresis. It was considered to be the result of insufficient addition of NaCl in the animals diet.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Description of the method and its application in the detection of viruses
Authors: PAPANASTASSOPOULOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) M.
Published: January 2018

Since the first publication of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1985, there has been a large number of reports on its applications in the study of viral infections. This review outlines the PCR methodology and its variations, as well as the problems that may be encountered during its performance. Its application in the detection of various viruses in clinical samples is also presented.
Method of test blanks in assurance of surface roughness parameters of machine parts
Authors: Горленко Олег , Gorlenko Oleg
Published: January 2018

A method for technological support of roughness parameters for machine parts based on an experimental statistical approach is considered. The essence of the method consists in the processing of test blanks (or their test surfaces) according to a pre-planned scheme, in the roughness parameter assessment of test blanks, in the development of mathematical statistical model of the connection of roughness parameters with technological factors and on the basis of the model given a definition of their levels ensuring obtaining the roughness parameter values specified at machining a basic batch blanks. The peculiarities in technological support of relative supporting lengths of a rough surface profile and also a method for the formation of complex functional parameters of a rough surface are touched upon. The necessity for the creation of portable control measuring systems allowing the realization in practice this method is emphasized.