bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the stenopodidean shrimp genus Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , GRAVE SAMMY DE , SAITO TOMOMI
Published: May 2016

Two new species of the deep-water spongicolid genus Spongiocaris Bruce & Baba, 1973, are described and illustrated from two localities in the Indo-West Pacific. Spongiocaris panglao n. sp. is described on the basis of material from the Bohol Sea, the Philippines, at depths of 220–731 m. Spongiocaris tuerkayi n. sp. is described on the basis of material from Atlantis Bank in the southwestern Indian Ocean at depths of 743–1053 m. Among eight known congeners, both new species appear close to S. semiteres Bruce & Baba, 1973, differing in the rostral length and armature, shape of the carapace, telsonal armature, development of the grooming apparatus of the first pereopod and shape of the third pereopod chela. An identification key to the species currently assigned to Spongiocaris is presented.
Plesionika sanctaecatalinae Wicksten, 1983 (Crustacea Decapoda Caridea Pandalidae) from off the west coast of Pacific Mexico
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: May 2016

A large series of specimens of Plesionika sanctaecatalinae was obtained during sampling operations off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula in 2012 and 2014 (TALUD cruises). This material was examined and compared to the original description, the holotype and two paratypes. Although the fresh material fit well with the type material examined, some discrepancies were noted in the illustrations of the original description, particularly regarding scaphocerite and the telson, and new illustrations are provided. The series of sample available from the TALUD cruises allow to increase considerably the number of localities known for this species in the California Current area. A series of unpublished records corresponding to material examined in the original description but not listed in details, allows for further increase of the number of reported localities where P. sanctaecatalinae has been collected. Its vertical distribution in the water column, however, remains unclear due to the fact that no discrete samples are available for this species.
Recommendations for Addressing Harm–Benefit Analysis and Implementation in Ethical Evaluation – Report from the AALAS–FELASA Working Group on Harm–Benefit Analysis – Part 2
Authors: Laber Kathy , Newcomer Christian E , Decelle Thierry , Everitt Jeffrey I , Guillen Javier , Brønstad Aurora
Published: May 2016

International regulations and guidelines strongly suggest that the use of animal models in scientific research should be initiated only after the authority responsible for the review of animal studies has concluded a well-thought-out harm–benefit analysis (HBA) and deemed the project to be appropriate. The AALAS–FELASA working group on HBA has performed a literature review and based on this review, proposed a method for HBA. Examples of the working group’s approach are included in this report.
Current concepts of Harm–Benefit Analysis of Animal Experiments – Report from the AALAS–FELASA Working Group on Harm–Benefit Analysis – Part 1
Authors: Brønstad Aurora , Newcomer Christian E , Decelle Thierry , Everitt Jeffrey I , Guillen Javier , Laber Kathy
Published: May 2016

International regulations and guidelines strongly suggest that the use of animal models in scientific research should be initiated only after the authority responsible for the review of animal studies has concluded a well-thought-out harm–benefit analysis (HBA) and deemed the project to be appropriate. Although the process for conducting HBAs may not be new, the relevant factors and algorithms used in conducting them during the review process are deemed to be poorly defined or lacking by committees in many institutions. This paper presents the current concept of HBAs based on a literature review. References on cost or risk benefit from clinical trials and other industries are also included. Several approaches to HBA have been discovered including algorithms, graphic presentations and generic processes. The aim of this study is to better aid and harmonize understanding of the concepts of ‘harm’, ‘benefit’ and ‘harm–benefit analysis’.
Policing the cyber-physical space
Authors: Leppänen Anna , Kiravuo Timo , Kajantie Sari
Published: May 2016

In this paper we study how the cyber-physical space of a small nation is policed. Our qualitative study is based on content analysis of expert interviews. We found that the country is protected and daily incidents solved by a network of government agencies and private companies, forming a loose public–private partnership network. However, at the time of the study (Winter 2013), we were able to detect two problems. First, it was not clear that sufficient focus would be available to resolve several simultaneous large incidents. Second, cybercrimes are still under-reported, which may hinder the police in building investigation capacity.
Price Discrepancy Between Sellers and Buyers When Making Decisions for the Self and Others
Authors: Zhang Ziyuan , Zhang Baojun , Li Zhongquan
Published: May 2016

In daily life, people make decisions not only for themselves but also on behalf of others. There may be differences in terms of the endowment effect when making decisions in these two situations. In Study 1, this question was investigated with an existing dataset exploring the traditional endowment effect, in which 86 students ( M age = 20.8 years, SD = 5.0) at Harvard University were asked to make a decision on selling or buying a coffee mug for themselves or for others as brokers. When making decisions for the self, the average price demanded by sellers was much higher than that offered by buyers; while making decisions for others, the price discrepancy disappeared. In Study 2, a similar study was conducted with a sample of 42 Chinese university students ( M age = 22.3 years, SD = 2.5), and a similar pattern of results was obtained. Further analysis indicated that when making decisions for others, only buyers increased their valuations, therefore mitigating the seller–buyer price discrepancy. Finally, the findings were interpreted from the perspective of Construal Level Theory.
Book Review: Christel R. Devadawson, Out of Line: Cartoons, Caricature and Contemporary India
Authors: Sengupta Sucharita
Published: May 2016

Christel R. Devadawson, Out of Line: Cartoons, Caricature and Contemporary India, Delhi, Orient BlackSwan, 2014, xiv + 278 pp., ₹650, ISBN: 9788125055136.
Efficient production estimation for a hydraulic fractured well considering fracture closure and proppant placement effects
Authors: Lee Taeyeob , Park Daejin , Shin Changhoon , Jeong Daein , Choe Jonggeun
Published: May 2016

It is important to accurately estimate performances of a hydraulic fractured well, because it will be utilized to evaluate various completion parameters and furthermore to establish a future development plan. Shale gas reservoirs with fracture networks have high initial production rates but show drastic production decline as reservoirs are depleted by production. One of the reasons behind this phenomenon is an increased effective stress during production resulting in fracture closures. Gas mainly flows through hydraulic and natural fracture networks, so the fracture closures cause permeability reduction in the flow areas. In typical hydraulic fracturing operations, proppants are injected with fracturing fluid and placed in the fracture networks. Proppants play a crucial role to keep an induced hydraulic fracture open and retain a well productivity. However, only small portion of the fracture networks are filled with proppants (propped fracture) and the rest exist without proppants (unpropped fracture). Therefore, fracture closures of these regions are quite different. In this article, we have investigated to identify the combined effect of fracture closure and proppant placement on production estimation of a shale gas well. A numerical model has been developed to mimic well performances in Horn River Basin, BC, Canada. We have used pressure-dependent correlations based on experiments to consider fracture permeability alteration with changing reservoir pressure. Proppant placements are described using a fracture propagation model and this enables to classify a whole reservoir into sub regions such as propped, unpropped fracture, and matrix. By comparing with different cases, this article shows that reasonable results on gas production estimation are accomplished when considering fracture closure and proppant placement effects together.
Sequence development, depositional filling evolution, and prospect forecast in northern Aryskum Depression of South Turgay Basin, Kazakstan
Authors: Shi Juye , Jin Zhijun , Fan Tailiang , Liu Quanyou , Zhang Fengqi , Fan Xuesong
Published: May 2016

Jurassic to Cretaceous clastic rocks of the South Turgay Basin were deposited in the typical Mesozoic rift basin formed during the late Triassic collision between the Kazakstan and Siberia plates. In this study, we used more than 140 wells and 2400 km2 of 3D seismic data in the northern Aryskum Depression to produce a detailed sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the South Turgay Basin. Guided by sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, and structural geology, lower Jurassic-lower Cretaceous strata of the northern Aryskum Depression in the South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan were subdivided into 10 third-order sequences based on geological and geophysical data. Combined with tectonic evolution characteristics, sequence developments in the basin can be divided into four stages: early rift stage (SQ1–SQ3), late rift stage (SQ4–SQ6), fault to depression transition stage (SQ7–SQ8), and depression stage (SQ9–SQ10). Through comprehensive analysis of seismic sequence configuration, sequence stacking pattern, and depositional filling characteristics, we established the depositional model of the Aryskum Depression in the South Turgay Basin. It is indicated that there are differences in depositional compositions of sequences formed in different stages. Four stages can be clearly identified: filling stage of fan delta facies–lacustrine facies (Stage I) corresponding to the rapid filling in the early rift stage, filling stage of fan delta facies–lacustrine facies–normal delta facies (Stage II) corresponding to trichotomous characteristics of internal systems tracts in the late rift stage, filling stage of braided river delta facies–normal delta facies–lacustrine facies (Stage III) corresponding to the development of high-stand systems tracts in the fault to depression transition stage, and filling stage of fluvial facies–normal delta facies–lacustrine facies (Stage IV) corresponding to binary characteristics of internal systems tracts in the depression stage. Finally, optimization of favorable exploration strata and prospects in the Aryskum Depression are proposed.
Rethinking gifted education in South Africa
Authors: Oswald Marietjie , Rabie Erika
Published: May 2016

In this article, we report the findings of a qualitative, collective case study exploring the academic experiences of six grade 11 gifted students in two schools in diverse socio-economic communities in rural Western South Africa. Gifted students represent an important component of a nation’s intellectual capital. They possess the qualities needed to find innovative solutions for many scientific and social challenges. Despite inclusive education policy initiatives aimed at ensuring quality education for all, the extant research indicates that gifted students from all socio-economic levels and cultures are neglected in South African classrooms. In this study, the voices of the students themselves were analysed. Whilst they are on the receiving end of education policy and teaching initiatives, their contributions are seldom sought. Our data collection methods included multiple measures and six in-depth individual semi-structured interviews as well as a focus group interview with all the subjects. The informal findings showed that academically gifted students from both affluent and disadvantaged backgrounds face similar challenges. They often feel neglected and academically under-stimulated. Recommendations were made to address their needs more appropriately.
One Christ—Many Witnesses: Visions of Mission and Unity, Edinburgh and Beyond
Authors: Robert Dana L.
Published: May 2016

This paper surveys the relationship between mission and Christian unity from the Edinburgh 1910 conference to the present. It then identifies several factors that cohere in recent missiological reflection, and concludes with a scriptural model for our contemporary pilgrimage together.
Automobile interior fire and its spread to an adjacent vehicle
Authors: Weisenpacher Peter , Glasa Jan , Halada Ladislav
Published: May 2016

Knowledge of the course of an automobile fire is an important issue in automobile fire safety and can have a significant impact on fire safety measures in car parks and other structures with a high concentration of automobiles. In this article, computer simulations of fire in an automobile interior and its influence on an adjacent vehicle are investigated. The results of simulations are compared with the results of the measurements obtained during a full-scale fire experiment conducted in Povazsky Chlmec (Slovakia) in 2009. The comparison confirms the accuracy of the simulation. A parameter study related to some selected material properties, which shows that seat material properties are the most important for the fire development, is described. Due to high computational requirements, a parallel version of the calculation is studied, and the influence of parallelization on performance and accuracy is tested as well. As the glass breakage is one of the most important factors affecting the course of an automobile fire, a simple practical criterion to determine when window breakage will occur is proposed.
Examining the Overlap
Authors: Shah Neha Parikh , Parker Andrew , Waldstrøm Christian
Published: May 2016

Scholars have long been aware of the advantages of social capital to individual performance. It remains unclear whether these advantages reflect the effects of relationships in which people discuss only work-related issues, or whether they are attributable to the effects of multiplex relationships, in which people discuss work-related and non-work-related issues. To investigate this question, we conducted two studies using network analysis: a cross-sectional study of specialty bank employees and a longitudinal study of middle managers enrolled in an MBA course. Multiplex relationships consistently predicted performance advantages in both samples, whereas work-focused ties that excluded a social dimension did not. Furthermore, when individuals maintained too many multiplex relationships, performance returns diminished. These findings demonstrate that the network literature may benefit from greater specificity on relational content and more attention to the consequences of overlapping networks, in the form of multiplex ties.
Digital health and citizen engagement: Changing the face of health service delivery
Authors: Oborn E , Barrett SK
Published: May 2016

We highlight two contemporary trends that would benefit from more focused research as they have the capacity to significantly reshape health system delivery in the coming decade. The first is digital health and big data science. The second potential landslide is the growing phenomenon of patient and citizen engagement. This paper outlines the key features and rationale for how digital health and increased engagement can reshape health services, pointing to key areas that warrant careful research by healthcare management scholars. We further point to the relationship and overlap of these two areas and suggest that examining the synergy between these two related trends is a third area of priority in health research.
Efficient stall compliance prediction method for trimmed very light aircraft with high-lift devices
Authors: Van Nguyen Nhu , Lee Daeyeon , Tyan Maxim , Lee Jae-Woo , Kim Sangho
Published: May 2016

An efficient stall compliance prediction method using quick configuration generation, adapted mesh, high fidelity analysis, and wind tunnel test data for trimmed very light aircraft is proposed. The three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations are used to determine the characteristics of the flow field around the aircraft, and the [Formula: see text] shear stress transport model is used to interpret the turbulent flow as a solver in the high fidelity analysis. The calibrated mesh and model are developed by comparing the results with the wind tunnel test and adjusting the adapted mesh to match the wind tunnel data. The calibrated mesh and model are applied to conduct the full-scale very light aircraft analysis for the clean and full flap extended flight conditions to comply with the CS-VLA stall regulations. It is recommended that the flap area be increased in the trimmed full flap extended condition. The proposed method demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of very light aircraft VLA stall compliance prediction in reducing the development cost and time with small configuration changes at the preliminary very light aircraft design stage.
Embodied Engagements: Filmmaking and Viewing Practices and the Habitus of Telugu Cinema
Authors: Bhrugubanda Uma Maheswari
Published: May 2016

Viewers of South Indian devotional films, female viewers in particular, have been known to offer prayers to the gods on screen and even moved to a state of possession while watching a film. Filmmaking and publicity try to highlight this aspect and explicitly address the spectator as a devotee. How do we understand these intersections between film viewership and religious practice? How do we theorize the figure of the viewer who is both a film viewer and a devotee at the same time? What sort of embodied engagements characterize these overlapping positions? Does affective engagement necessarily preclude critical and rational engagement with the narrative? This article explores these questions through an examination of the practices that surrounded the production and the reception of Telugu devotional films in the period starting roughly from the 1970s to the mid-2000s. I argue that a close attention to the habitus of the film viewer will enable a deeper and finer appreciation of the sensory modes of film appreciation that viewers bring to the cinema. Equal attention to the changing practices and the habitus of filmmaking in South India enables us to grapple with the ways in which a traditional habitus responds and changes with the advent of modern media and modern ways of thinking and being.
The Social Ecological Model and Physical Activity Interventions for Hispanic Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Soderlund Patricia Davern
Published: May 2016

Hispanic women are less physically active and have higher rates of type 2 diabetes (DM2) when compared with other population groups. This review uses the social ecological model as a framework to identify the individual and social environmental factors associated with successful physical activity (PA) interventions for Hispanic women with DM2. Research questions include (a) Which social ecological levels have been applied to PA interventions? (b) Which individual and social environmental intervention strategies are associated with successful PA outcomes? Database searches using CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus for the years 2000 to 2015 identified 10 studies; with 6 using quasi-experimental study designs and 4 using randomized controlled designs. Inclusion criteria were Hispanic/Latina women with DM2, ≥70% women, PA interventions, measures of PA, and quantitative designs. Future research should focus on a combination of intervention levels, and DM2 programs should place a greater emphasis on PA intervention strategies.
Hot Spot Policing With Actively Monitored CCTV Cameras
Authors: Gerell Manne
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of actively monitored closed circuit television (CCTV) to assist police patrols with crime prevention in hot spot areas for assault. In other words, the study is an assessment of whether the implementation of police operator–controlled CCTV cameras led to fewer assaults in a nightlife area of the Swedish town of Malmö. In order to evaluate the effect, the treatment area has been mapped using geographical information systems based on the space covered by operational CCTV. The research design is based on standard before–after comparison with controls used in environmental criminology. One comparison is temporal, based on days of the week, and the other is geographical, based on a density comparison of bars. Results show nonsignificant changes in the rate of assaults before and after the CCTVs, suggesting that its implementation has not had the effect initially expected on assaults.
Public Space and the Situational Conditions of Crime and Fear
Authors: Ceccato Vania
Published: May 2016

This special issue explores the situational conditions of crime and perceived safety in public spaces. In this foreword, we first examine the concept of public space and then discuss how public spaces relate to crime and fear of crime. In the final session we introduce the different articles that compose the Special Issue, with contributions from Australia, Colombia, India, Sweden and the United States.
Spinning the revolving door: The governance of non-compliant psychiatric subjects on community treatment orders
Authors: Klassen Amy Lynn
Published: May 2016

This article examines the enactment of community treatment orders (CTOs) in Alberta, Canada to illustrate how civil law is used to constitute and govern psychiatric patients in the community. I argue that the logic of CTOs constitutes the psychiatric patient as a fractured subject who is simultaneously capable/incapable of making medical decisions and at risk/risky. These paradoxical characterizations highlight how depictions of rationality and choice are contingent on consenting to a pharmacological regime designed to normalize these patients. This construction functions to eliminate opportunities for rationally informed types of non-compliance and promotes hospitalization as the only way to manage harmful, risky and non-conforming individuals. I contend that CTOs are a flawed instrument of regulation that cannot manage ‘legally’ capable but non-compliant individuals.
Ultrasonic high-frequency guided waves for the inspection of shell weld in core support structure of fast breeder reactors
Authors: Dhayalan R , Kumar Anish , Purnachandra Rao B , Jayakumar T
Published: May 2016

This article reports an ultrasonic high-frequency guided wave based methodology for inspection of shell weld of core support structure of the main vessel in 500-MWe sodium-cooled prototype fast breeder reactor. The high-frequency guided waves are generated in 30-mm-thick plate of core support structure at 2 MHz (frequency–thickness product of ∼60 MHz-mm). These wave modes are fairly nondispersive over considerable distance of propagation through the material. In order to understand the generation and propagation characteristics of these high-frequency guided waves, a series of two-dimensional plane strain finite element models are developed using explicit scheme. The optimum transducer placement for generating efficient high-frequency guided wave is achieved by sweeping the transducer position along the curvature of the main vessel plate with respect to the centerline of the vertical shell support plate. The generated high-frequency guided waves are analyzed and identified with the help of dispersion curves and time–frequency analysis. The simulation results are found to capture the features observed in the experimental measurements rather well, and the time of flight of the reflected waves in the simulation is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The optimum transducer locations for inspection of a general T-joint configuration with different angles between the web and the base have been studied in detail using finite element simulations. With optimum transducer position, the high-frequency guided waves are also used to inspect the artificially introduced defects in the connecting weld of shell support plate. It has been demonstrated that the high-frequency guided wave could detect defects of 20% wall thickness (6 mm) in the connecting shell weld.
Ethics consultation in the context of psychological supervision: A case study
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2016

In spite of an intensive discussion of ethical subjects, psychiatric departments rarely request clinical ethics support. However, during regular psychological supervisions subjects with an underlying ethical conflict are increasingly encountered. Based on the case study of a 39-year-old female patient suffering from personality disorder and her newborn child, the role of ethical consultation in psychiatric treatment and the decision making regarding health and welfare of child and mother will be presented. While discussing opportunities and limitations of psychological supervision as a possible vehicle for clinical ethics support, it becomes obvious that during psychological supervision, ethical conflicts can also be reflected and treatment alternatives be evaluated. Psychological supervision finds its limits because of its more intuitive processes when the conflict escalates, when the patient cannot be involved and when institutional interests dominate. In these cases, the more structured and formalised process of clinical ethics consultation clearly offers advantages.
A 12-week open-label, randomized, controlled trial and 24-week extension to assess the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate/formoterol in children with asthma
Authors: Emeryk Andrzej , Klink Rabih , McIver Tammy , Dalvi Prashant
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate combination therapy (FP/FORM; Flutiform®) compared with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate (FP/SAL; Seretide® Evohaler®) in children with asthma.

Methods:

This was an open-label, randomized, controlled, phase III trial and extension. Patients aged 4–12 years with reversible asthma [% predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 60–100%; documented reversibility of ⩾15% in FEV1] were randomized to receive FP/FORM (100/10 µg b.i.d.) or FP/SAL (100/50 µg b.i.d.) for 12 weeks. Eligible patients completing the 12-week core phase entered a 24-week extension phase with FP/FORM (100/10 µg b.i.d.). The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in predose FEV1 from day 0 to day 84. Secondary efficacy endpoints included change in predose to 2-hours postdose FEV1 from day 0 to day 84, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), patient-reported outcomes, rescue-medication use and asthma exacerbations.

Results:

In total, 211 patients were randomized and 210 completed the core phase; of these patients, 208 entered and 205 completed the extension phase of the study. Predose FEV1 increased from day 0 to day 84 [FP/FORM, 182 ml; 95% confidence interval (CI), 127, 236; FP/SAL, 212 ml, 95% CI, 160, 265] and FP/FORM was noninferior to FP/SAL: least squares (LS) mean treatment difference: –0.031 (95% CI, –0.093, 0.031; p = 0.026). Secondary efficacy analyses indicated similar efficacy with both therapies. There were no notable differences observed in the safety and tolerability profile between treatments. No safety concerns were identified with long-term FP/FORM therapy, and there was no evidence of an effect of FP/FORM on plasma cortisol.

Conclusions:

FP/FORM improved lung function and measures of asthma control with comparable efficacy to FP/SAL, and demonstrated a favourable safety and tolerability profile in children aged 4–12 years.
Adjuvant Liraglutide and Insulin Versus Insulin Monotherapy in the Closed-Loop System in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ilkowitz Jeniece Trast , Katikaneni Ranjitha , Cantwell Martin , Ramchandani Neesha , Heptulla Rubina A.
Published: May 2016

Background:

The closed-loop (CL) system delivers insulin in a glucose-responsive manner and optimal postprandial glycemic control is difficult to achieve with the algorithm and insulin available. We hypothesized that adjunctive therapy with liraglutide, a once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, would be more effective in normalizing postprandial hyperglycemia versus insulin monotherapy in the CL system, in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

This was a randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover design trial comparing insulin monotherapy versus adjuvant subcutaneous liraglutide 1.2 mg and insulin, using the CL system in 15 patients. Blood glucose (BG), insulin, and glucagon concentrations were analyzed.

Results:

The liraglutide arm was associated with overall decreased mean BG levels ( P = .0002). The average BG levels from 8:00 pm (day 1) to 9:00 pm (day 2) were lower in the liraglutide arm (144.6 ± 36.31 vs 159.7 ± 50.88 mg/dl respectively; P = .0002). Two-hour postbreakfast and lunch BG profiles were better in the liraglutide arm ( P < .05) and the insulin and glucagon assay values were lower ( P < .0001). Postprandially, the area under the curve (AUC) for 2-hour postbreakfast and lunch BG levels were significant ( P = .01, P = .03) and the AUC for glucagon, postbreakfast ( P < .0001) and lunch ( P < .05), was also significant. The incidence of hypoglycemia did not differ between arms ( P = .83, Fisher’s exact test). Overall, adjunct liraglutide therapy plus CL was well tolerated even with expected side effects.

Conclusion:

This is a proof-of-concept study showing liraglutide can be a potential adjunctive therapy in addition to CL with insulin to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Treatment with insulin analogs, especially Glargine and Lispro, associates with better renal function and higher hemoglobin levels in Type 1 diabetic patients with impaired kidney function
Authors: Hasslacher Christoph , Kulozik Felix , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

The influence of type of insulin treatment - insulin analogs versus human insulin - on the development of diabetes related vascular complications has been sparsely investigated. We examine here possible differences regarding kidney function and hemoglobin levels.

Methods:

Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between the following characteristics measured in 509 type 1 diabetic patients who were recruited in an outpatient practice: current clinical status and treatment modalities, type of injected insulin and the routine laboratory parameters hemoglobin, HbA1c, serum creatinine, eGFR, hs CRP and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.

Results:

Compared with human insulin, multiple regression analysis taking into account possible confounders revealed that treatment with insulin analogs was associated with increased eGFR (+7.1 ml/min; P=0.0002), lower urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ratio logarithm -0.4; P=0.003) and higher hemoglobin concentration (+0.31 g/dl; P=0.04). Stratification by type of insulin showed the best renal status for treatment with insulins Glargine and Lispro. Differences were consistent both for patients with normal (eGFR → 90 ml/min) and with an impaired (eGFR ← 90 ml/min) kidney function.

Conclusions:

Present results suggest that treatment of type 1 diabetic patients with normal and impaired renal function with insulin analogs, especially Glargine and Lispro, is associated with better kidney function, lower urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and lower hemoglobin concentration compared to therapy with human insulin. If confirmed by other studies, treatment with insulin analogs may be a further possibility in delaying progression of nephropathy and in preventing early hemoglobin decline.
Writing a literature review
Authors: Winchester Catherine L , Salji Mark
Published: May 2016

Formal literature reviews are a critical appraisal of a subject and are not only an academic requirement but essential when planning a research project and for placing research findings into context. Understanding the landscape in which you are working will enable you to make a valuable contribution to your field. Writing a literature review requires a range of skills to gather, sort, evaluate and summarise peer-reviewed published data into a relevant and informative unbiased narrative. Digital access to research papers, academic texts, review articles, reference databases and public data sets are all sources of information that are available to enrich your review.
The Difference Safe Spaces Make
Authors: Coleman Kendric
Published: May 2016

In the last decade, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students have become very visible at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), but this visibility is not reflected in some colleges’ student programs and activities. Only a few notable HBCUs, such as Howard University and Spelman College, have made a concerted effort. Acknowledging that the LGBT community is significant and exists, and fostering such support, comes up against a steep wall of religious tradition and doctrines, and conservative administrations. It is imperative that HBCUs address LGBT issues and create and support a safe space for students to articulate their identity. Meanwhile, many LGBT students on these campuses find voice and understanding in Black scholars and writers such as Audre Lorde’s Zami: A New Spelling of My Name and Charles Michael Smith’s Fighting Words: Personal Essays by Black Gay Men.
Perceiving Innovation: Who ‘Makes’ SAP Labs India and How?
Authors: Erkut Burak
Published: May 2016

Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung; Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (SAP) Labs India is a very good example of innovativeness in products and attractiveness as an employer in a rapidly changing business environment. Especially the lack of an innovative culture in SAP Germany is compensated by SAP Labs India. The purpose of this study is to understand how SAP Labs India employees and scholars are perceiving innovation processes to which they contribute. A case study was conducted by using public available blog entries and discussing these within the concepts of perceptions, innovation and nudging. Being close to customers and feeling self-empowered are the consensus points; the latter one is reached by ‘nudge’. These perceptions can give new insights on successful innovation management, especially in absence of hierarchies. Furthermore, the study gives new ideas on how nudging is used in an innovative process.
Music before Dental Surgery Suppresses Sympathetic Activity Derived from Preoperative Anxiety
Authors: Miyata K. , Odanaka H. , Nitta Y. , Shimoji S. , Kanehira T. , Kawanami M. , Fujisawa T.
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to estimate the relieving effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety by using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. In this randomized controlled trial, 86 adult patients were scheduled to undergo impacted tooth extraction under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia and were classified as either fearful or nonfearful based on a questionnaire. Thereafter, the patients were subdivided into 2 groups: those who listened to music from the time that they arrived at the outpatient clinic until immediately before entering the operating room and those who did not listen to music. The effect of music intervention was evaluated by assessing 1) the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio of HRV, in which positive changes indicate increased sympathetic nervous activity, and 2) the coefficient of component variance for high frequency, in which positive changes indicate increased parasympathetic nervous activity, assessed by means of HRV analysis. Subjective preoperative anxiety was evaluated on a visual analog scale. For fearful patients, the mean magnitude of low-frequency/high frequency changes from baseline among those who listened to music was significantly lower as compared with those who did not listen to music (in the private room: −1.45 ± 1.88 vs. 1.05 ± 1.88, P = 0.0096, 95% confidence interval of effect size = −4.52 to −0.48, Cohen’s d = −0.75; in the operating waiting room: −2.18 ± 2.39 vs. −0.10 ± 3.37, P = 0.011, 95% confidence interval of effect size = −3.94 to −0.22, Cohen’s d = −0.71, respectively). Visual analog scale scores were also significantly different. Coefficient of component variance for high frequency and heart rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. From the perspective of autonomic nervous activity, music intervention is useful for relieving anxiety in patients with dental fear before they enter a dental outpatient operating room. Music intervention may relieve anxiety by reducing sympathetic nervous activity, while parasympathetic nervous activity is not involved (UMIN000016882).

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study revealed that music intervention is useful for clinicians when planning preoperative anxiety management of patients with dental fear who undergo impacted tooth extraction under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. As a bridging intervention, music intervention enables stress management to continue uninterrupted from the patient’s arrival at the dental outpatient clinic to intravenous sedation until completion of the dental surgery. With consideration of cost-effectiveness, absence of adverse physical effects, immediate effect, safety in terms of not using drugs, and lack of concerns about recovery, this information could lead to more appropriate decisions regarding anxiety management in dentistry.
CINOEDV: a co-information based method for detecting and visualizing n-order epistatic interactions
Authors: Shang Junliang , Sun Yingxia , Liu Jin-Xing , Xia Junfeng , Zhang Junying , Zheng Chun-Hou
Published: May 2016

Background

Detecting and visualizing nonlinear interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or epistatic interactions are important topics in bioinformatics since they play an important role in unraveling the mystery of “missing heritability”. However, related studies are almost limited to pairwise epistatic interactions due to their methodological and computational challenges.

Results

We develop CINOEDV (Co-Information based N-Order Epistasis Detector and Visualizer) for the detection and visualization of epistatic interactions of their orders from 1 to n (n ≥ 2). CINOEDV is composed of two stages, namely, detecting stage and visualizing stage. In detecting stage, co-information based measures are employed to quantify association effects of n-order SNP combinations to the phenotype, and two types of search strategies are introduced to identify n-order epistatic interactions: an exhaustive search and a particle swarm optimization based search. In visualizing stage, all detected n-order epistatic interactions are used to construct a hypergraph, where a real vertex represents the main effect of a SNP and a virtual vertex denotes the interaction effect of an n-order epistatic interaction. By deeply analyzing the constructed hypergraph, some hidden clues for better understanding the underlying genetic architecture of complex diseases could be revealed.

Conclusions

Experiments of CINOEDV and its comparison with existing state-of-the-art methods are performed on both simulation data sets and a real data set of age-related macular degeneration. Results demonstrate that CINOEDV is promising in detecting and visualizing n-order epistatic interactions. CINOEDV is implemented in R and is freely available from R CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org and https://sourceforge.net/projects/cinoedv/files/.
An estimation of regional geologic structures from the geomorphology to characterize the Wadi systems, southeast Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Obiegbu Okechukwu Livinus , Laake Andreas , Brabham Peter
Published: May 2016

Complex regional geologic structural controls have generated a lot of interest in the engineering, oil, and gas industries within the past few years. Digital elevation models (DEMs), multispectral remote sensing images using ArcGIS software, in combination with data cube and geomorphologic characterization, provide important markers that aid in spatial information analysis for the study area. We have validated the characterization and classification of DEMs using spatial statistics by mineral spectroscopy of multispectral remote sensing data. Our characterization was initiated by a joint interpretation of DEMs and multispectral remote sensing data in association with stratigraphic and geologic information. We have combined Landsat ETM+ images from visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (MID IR) to create red-green-blue (RGB) images, superimposed with high-spectral-resolution 15 m panchromatic band 8. Principal component analysis (PCA) further enhanced the image results. To characterize the geomorphology and near surface, specific bands used included RGB Landsat 742 and 321 data sets, whereas false-color Landsat RGB images (742 and 432) provided spatial data in delineating areas of lineations and fault systems. The tectonic lineaments extracted from the escarpments of the DEM and magnetic data provided structures related to tectonic forces to better understand the major faults, lineations, and geomorphology. Results of this study showed a strikingly reliable interpretative result of these faults that controlled the low-lying areas. These faults and lineations are high-permeability zones that can be saturated by water during active rainfall and flash-flood periods thereby disrupting the equilibrium of various fault zones in the area and raising tectonic activities within the active fault system. Such saturation presents a major environmental hazard for the study area. Generally, the use of Landsat data combined with PCA indicates promising evidence of possible plays within the huge sedimentary deposits and raised concerns about safety and hazard issues.
Minimal Treatment of Low-Risk, Pediatric Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Appel Burton E. , Chen Lu , Buxton Allen B. , Hutchison Robert E. , Hodgson David C. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Constine Louis S. , Schwartz Cindy L.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Children’s Oncology Group study AHOD03P1 was designed to determine whether excellent outcomes can be maintained for patients with low-risk, pediatric lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (LPHL) with a strategy of resection alone or minimal chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

Patients with stage IA LPHL in a single node that was completely resected were observed without further therapy; recurrences were treated with three cycles of doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone/cyclophosphamide (AV-PC). Patients with unresected stage IA or stage IIA LPHL were treated with three cycles of AV-PC. Patients with less than a complete response (CR) to AV-PC received 21-Gy involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT).

Results

A total of 183 eligible patients were enrolled; 178 were evaluable. Of these, 52 patients underwent complete resection of a single node. There were 13 relapses at a median of 11.5 months; 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 77% (range, 62% to 87%). A total of 135 patients received AV-PC; 126 were treated at diagnosis and nine at relapse after surgery alone. Eleven patients receiving AV-PC had less than CR and received IFRT. Fourteen first events occurred among 135 patients (12 relapses and two second malignancies). Two relapses occurred in patients who had received IFRT. Five-year EFS was 88.8% (95% CI, 81.8% to 93.2%). Five-year EFS for the entire cohort was 85.5% (95% CI, 79.2% to 90.1%); overall survival was 100%.

Conclusion

Some 75% of highly selected pediatric patients with LPHL may be spared chemotherapy after surgical resection alone. Pediatric LPHL has excellent EFS with chemotherapy that is less intensive than standard regimens; > 90% of patients can avoid radiation therapy. The salvage rate for the few relapses is high, with 100% survival overall.
Feminine Desire Is Human Desire
Authors: Mani Preetha
Published: May 2016

This article compares the 1950s and 1960s short story writing of two influential yet underexamined women writers, Mannu Bhandari (1931–) and R. Chudamani (1931–2010), who are considered key representatives of the Hindi and Tamil literary canons, respectively. Mani demonstrates that from within their specific geographic and historical contexts, Bhandari's and Chudamani's writing provides insight into literary discourses of gender equality circulating in the immediate postindependence moment. In particular, she argues that these women writers broadened the scope of feminist thought and literary expression existing at the time through their rhetorical use of a language of entitlement that universalizes feminine desire in humanist terms. They did so through the portrayal of female characters who express the desire to possess sexual freedom, economic independence, and human equality on the same terms as the male characters. Feminist scholarship has characterized the 1950s and 1960s as a moment of paucity in women's writing and decline in feminist politics. Yet Bhandari's and Chudamani's distinct uses of a language of entitlement offer a deeper understanding of the role of the literary in shaping feminist thought. Their work thus provides alternative genealogies of the categories of feminism and women's writing in India.
Unlearning History
Authors: Lalu Premesh
Published: May 2016

Siba Grovogui's Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy is a text that recuperates a modality of critical thought about an emergent object of modern governmentality generally ignored by the discipline and discourse of international relations. International relations, according to Grovogui, has downplayed some of the most critical and innovative moral and political thinking of the anticolonial world in the twentieth century, to its detriment. In its asymmetrical rendering as a form of reason distilled through nineteenth-century moral precepts and, later, empire, international relations seems unduly burdened by its historicist fictions and unable to keep its object in sight as it morphs into ever more complex developments in international politics. As Lalu argues, in Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy Grovogui does more than simply record the birth of a discipline or merely provide reasons for its dispersal. He also asks us to ponder the prospects of occupying the space of thought of those who found themselves intricately invested in both home and the world after being flung into the moral and political aporia of empire and nation.
The Urgency of New Historiographies in International Relations
Authors: Clarke Kamari Maxine
Published: May 2016

This essay explores Siba Grovogui's publication of Beyond Eurocentrism and Anarchy: Memories of International Order and Institutions as a way to ponder how histories of international relations are told. Clarke considers Grovogui's central point concerning the relationship between Western intellectual anxieties and postcolonial methods and modes of thought. One domain for interrogating the contemporary significance of the work is the call for new ontologies and interpretive humility. This commentary examines these new ontologies through the rethinking of ways that agents engage in particular political projects through an examination of the way that particular forms of meaning production are invigorated through communicative forms that can involve critical shifts to the moral order. Finally, the essay examines the shifts related to the formation of the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine and the related aesthetic modalities that are changing the way mainstream adherents understand new democratic forms of participation. This example represents an attempt to consider what this means for the way we understand the transformation of contemporary democracy and how Grovogui's work has set the stage for these transformations.