bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Para não esquecer Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - Campus Bom Jesus do Itabapoana: Comemorações dos 39 anos do Colégio Técnico Agrícola Ildefonso Bastos Borges – abril/2009
Authors: Silva Luiz Antônio Vieira da
Published: March 2020

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NAS ESQUINAS DO TEMPO
Authors: Siqueira Wilson Manhães de , Santos Júlia Codeço dos , Souza Dulce Freitas de , Manhães Rui Fiuza , Assef Vera Raimunda Amério
Published: March 2020

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Removable prostheses improve OHRQL and satisfaction of elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alfenas Bruna Fernandes Moreira , Andrade Kelly Machado de , Carletti Talita Malini , Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Published: March 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joint tissues and causes severe physical and functional impairments on quality of life due to muscular and articular pain. The involvement of temporomandibular joint in RA interferes with mouth opening and masticatory process. However, no studies addressed the impact of RA on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction with prostheses use in elderly people. Aim: This study assessed the impact of oral rehabilitation with conventional dentures on the OHRQoL and prostheses satisfaction in elderly patients with RA, associated or not with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Methods: Forty-five elderly were enrolled and divided into three groups: (1) RA and TMD (n=15, experimental), (2) RA without TMD (n=15, experimental), and (3) without RA and without TMD (n=15, control). The OHRQoL and the prostheses satisfaction were evaluated before and after new oral rehabilitation with partial and/or complete dentures. The OHRQoL and prosthesis satisfaction were assessed and verified through OHIP-14 questionnaire and visual analogue scale, respectively. Results: TMD group exhibited the worst mean values (P<0.05) for all OHIP-14 domains before insertion of new dentures. Group 2 showed worst means (P<0.05) compared to controls for functional limitation and physical pain domains of the OHIP-14, but not in the general score. Patients showed better outcomes of satisfaction with prostheses use only after the new rehabilitation. Conclusion: The use of new and well-fitted dentures improves all domains of OHRQoL in patients with RA and TMD and all groups were satisfied with prostheses use after the new rehabilitation with conventional dentures.
FRONT MATTER
Authors: Front Matter Jners
Published: March 2020

FRONT MATTERS VOLUME 14 NO 1 APRIL 2019
Effect of Health Lecture using Media and Peer-Education on Long Acting and Permanent Methods of Contraception
Authors: Ermalia Helen , Annas Jimmy Yanuar , Handayani Samsriyaningsih
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Long-acting and permanent methods of contraception (LAPMs) are known as highly-effective contraception. The Department of Health of East Java Province stated that LAPM participation is still below target. One of the factors is the Interpersonal Communication (IPC) skill of the Health Practitioners. This study aimed to identify the influence of health lectures using media and peer-education on the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding LAPMs. Peer-education is the novelty of this study.Methods: A two-group quasi experimental design was applied with all of the pregnant women at Kesugihan Public Health Center (PHC) as the treatment group. They were given lectures with media inclusion (contraception booklets and visual aids) and peer-education during a pregnancy class. Pregnant women at Ngebel PHC were the control group. One woman who had experience with LAMPs was trained as a peer-educator. Thirty participants in each group were chosen using the total sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses by applying the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: The participants showed an increased knowledge before and after the intervention in the treatment group (83%), while in control group, it was slightly increased (1%). Attitude differences were also found in both groups (treatment = 56.7%, control = 13.3%). The Mann-Whitney test resulted in significant differences on knowledge (p <0.001) and attitude (p = 0.016) between the two groups.Conclusion: The local department of health may optimize IPC using media and peer-education to improve the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding LAPM participation.
Vineyard management system affects soil microbiological properties
Authors: Di Giacinto Sofia , Friedel Matthias , Poll Christian , Döring Johanna , Kunz Robert , Kauer Randolf
Published: March 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated (INT), organic (ORG) and biodynamic (BD) management systems with similar C- and N-inputs on soil microbiology in a viticultural long-term field trial.Methods and results: Within the systems comparison, soil samples were taken 10 years after conversion, throughout the growing season. To gather information about microbial community structure, the activity of five soil enzymes was measured, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and neutral lipids fatty acids (NLFA) profiles were analysed accompanied by comprehensive soil analysis. pH associated with BD was significantly higher compared to INT soil. Copper and N-min values in INT were significantly lower compared to the organic systems. BD and ORG were characterised by a higher b-D-glucosidase and urease activity and a higher abundance of fungi and bacteria. INT had larger quantities of mycorrhizae indicator NLFAs.Significance and impact: Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of the microbial community structure and nutrient cycling under organic and biodynamic viticulture.
Technology of production of blended fruit and berry wines
Authors: Nazarova N. E. , Zaletova T. V. , Zubova E. V. , Kulagina K. A.
Published: March 2020

Fruits and berries contain a large number of biologically active compounds: vitamins, minerals, organic acids. Wines made from fruit and berry raw materials are not inferior to grape ones in biological value, and sometimes even surpass them. Currently, significant volumes of fruit wines are imported into the Russian consumer market from other countries. The production of fruit and berry wines is mainly limited to the European part of Russia, which negatively affects the pricing of drinks in other regions. In this regard, the development of the wine industry may be the production of blending fruit and berry wines, which will provide the population with quality products made from local fruit and berry raw materials at affordable prices. The production technology and research results of the obtained samples of fruit and berry blend wines from the fruits of Sunberry and mountain ash, wild strawberries with different sugar content in the recipe are presented. Samples of fruit blending wines were prepared according to classical technology. Physico-chemical quality indicators of the studied wine samples were determined in the interdepartmental educational and analytical laboratory of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy. According to the results of evaluating the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the developed samples of fruit wines, sample No. 3 turned out to be the best, as it had a pronounced harmonious aroma, pleasant taste, had the highest content of vitamin C and dry substances, and scored the most points. According to the results of a scoring of the organoleptic quality indicators of the studied samples of blending fruit wines, the least points were observed for sample No. 1 (5.25 points). In connection with the detection by all tasters of deviations from the norm.
Influence of basic parameters on the process of pressing of safflower seeds in an ultrasonic field
Authors: Antipov S. T. , Shakhov S. V. , Martekha A. N. , Yurova I. S. , Berestovoy A. A. , Litvinova M. I.
Published: March 2020

The influence of pressing conditions on the process nature and the resulting product quality was investigated in the article. This makes it possible to more deeply evaluate and understand the pressing process physics. The objects of research were safflower seeds, safflower oil and oilcake. The objects under study have various physical and technological properties that affect the pressing process, therefore, the study of these properties will help to choose the optimal modes of the pressing process in the ultrasound field, as well as to develop the design of a plant for pressing safflower seeds. To increase the oil yield, one can use the husk when adding it to the bulk of the product. The optimal moisture content range of safflower is 8-10%, which provides the minimum residual oil content and, therefore, the maximum oil yield was determined during the analysis of graphic dependencies. According to the data obtained during the experiment, graphical dependencies were built: on the speed of the screw shaft at the exit of vegetable oil; pressure in the chamber on the size of the annular space for the output of the oilcake. After analyzing the graphical dependencies, one can conclude that an increase in the rotational speed of the screw shaft leads to an increase in temperature, and this happens faster for a product with lower moisture content due to an increase in the friction coefficient of the mixture on the screw and the camera body. A numerical and graphical optimization model for predicting the optimal level of input factors and obtaining the maximum yield of safflower oil in relation to the initial mass of raw materials in% was proposed. The optimal intervals of the input parameters, such as the oscillation frequency, the oscillation amplitude, the pressure generated in the press chamber, were determined in the work..
Correlation of lipase activity and moisture transfer rate in gingerbread glazed with confectionery glaze based on lauric type fats
Authors: Rudenko O. S. , Kondratiev N. B. , Pesterev M. A. , Bazhenova A. E. , Linovskaya N. V.
Published: March 2020

Ensuring the quality of confectionery products and controlling factors affecting changes in organoleptic characteristics during storage requires studying processes that affect lipase activity, one of which is the process of moisture migration. Lipase activity, the rate of the moisture transfer process, and the change in microbiota in various parts of the model samples of raw gingerbread with fruit filling, glazed with confectionery glaze based on lauric type fats, packed in a polypropylene film 40 ?m thick in an average layer-by-layer sample were studied: top layer with glaze, filling, baked semi-finished product. Studies have shown a correlation between analytical results and organoleptic evaluation. During storage during moisture transfer, moisture migrates from the filling to the baked semi-finished product and then to the upper layer with glaze, while in all layers the mass fraction of moisture stably remains above 5%, which is higher than the value at which lipase activity is maintained. The moisture transfer rate in the top layer was 1.12, in the baked semi-finished product – 1.34 and in the filling – 7.03 g/m2·s (· 10-4). Water activity decreased, but did not reach a threshold value of 0.6 after 12 weeks of storage. At the same time, at 6-8 weeks of storage, there is an increase in the activity of water in the baked semi-finished product, which indicates the release of free moisture. Organoleptic analysis revealed a “soapy” taste, starting from the 8th week of storage, which correlates with an increase in water activity. Microbiological studies showed a significant increase in the content of QMAFAnM from 8 weeks of storage, mold growth up to 410 CFU/g was observed at 10 weeks of storage. Studies have shown a correlation of lipase activity with moisture transfer processes and microbiota growth, which requires more stringent quality control of raw materials and storage conditions to prevent lipolytic damage to flour confectionery products glazed with confectionery glaze based on lauric type fats.
Prospects for the use of non-traditional vegetable raw materials for the creation of new food products
Authors: Lesnikova N. A. , Kokoreva L. A. , Pishchikov G. B. , Protasova L. G.
Published: March 2020

Quinoa is an unconventional agricultural crop for Russia, however, experiments on its cultivation have successfully completed in the Krasnodar Territory. A study of the possibility of using this cereal in Russian catering enterprises is under development. Quinoa cereal surpasses traditional Krasnodar rice in almost all indicators of nutritional and biological value: in the content of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Studies have shown that quinoa cereal differs from Krasnodar's rice in the increased content of all amino acids: essential – by 3.38, replaceable – by 3.38 g per 100 g of product. The following amino acids are present in the largest amount in quinoa: arginine (6.8%), lysine (6.2%), isoleucine (6.8%), aspartic acid (12.8%), glutamic acid (11.4%) , proline (6.9%), glycine (6.8%). The share of the daily rate of fat (84 g) for rice and quinoa is 0.2 and 2.3%, respectively. Quinoa cereal contains more vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folates, tocopherol, and betaine in rice. An increased content of iron, manganese and zinc was also noted. After analyzing the biological and physico-chemical parameters, we can conclude the feasibility of introducing new raw materials into the assortment of catering products, since quinoa cereal is not inferior to traditional rice cereal in its technological properties, it can improve the quality indicators of ready-made dishes. An analysis of the assortment showed that in the Yekaterinburg market in health food stores and online stores specializing in the delivery of healthy food products, the quinoa assortment is represented quite widely.
Characterisation of Colloidal Particles in Seawater by Light Scattering Techniques
Authors: Balakrishnan Gireeshkumar , Lagarde Fabienne , Chassenieux Christophe , Nicolai Taco
Published: March 2020

Static (SLS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering techniques are assessed for their capacity to detect colloidal particles with diameters between d = 0.1 and 0.8 µm at very low concentrations in seawater. The detection limit of the apparatus was determined using model monodisperse spherical polystyrene latex particles with diameters 0.2 µm and 0.5 µm. It is shown that the concentration and size of colloids can be determined down to about 10-6 g/L. Seawater obtained from different locations in western Europe was characterized using light scattering. It was found that seawater filtered through 0.45 µm pore size membrane filters was within the experimental error the same as that of ultrapure Milli-Q water containing the same amount of sea salt and no colloids could be detected with DLS. When the seawater was filtered through 0.8 µm pore size filters, colloidal particles were detected. The measurements show that the concentration of colloids in the seawater samples is not higher than 10-6 g/L and that they have an average diameter of about 0.6 µm. We stress that these particles are not necessarily nanoplastics.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Suppresses CD34+ Progenitor Cell Engraftment in Humanized Mice
Authors: Crawford Lindsey B. , Tempel Rebecca , Streblow Daniel N. , Yurochko Andrew D. , Goodrum Felicia D. , Nelson Jay A. , Caposio Patrizia
Published: March 2020

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a serious complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients due to virus-induced myelosuppression and impairment of stem cell engraftment. Despite the clear clinical link between myelosuppression and HCMV infection, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which the virus inhibits normal hematopoiesis because of the strict species specificity and the lack of surrogate animal models. In this study, we developed a novel humanized mouse model system that recapitulates the HCMV-mediated engraftment failure after hematopoietic cell transplantation. We observed significant alterations in the hematopoietic populations in peripheral lymphoid tissues following engraftment of a subset of HCMV+ CD34+ HPCs within the transplant suggesting that a small proportion of HCMV-infected CD34+ HPCs can profoundly affect HPC differentiation in the bone marrow microenvironment. This model will be instrumental to gain insight into the fundamental mechanisms of HCMV myelosuppression after HSCT and provides a platform to assess novel treatment strategies.
Critical Care Nurses’ Understanding and Experiences of Patient Advocacy in the Critical Care Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kumah Elizabeth Adjoa , Boadu Paul , Duncan Rachel
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to ascertain critical care nurses’ understanding and experiences of patient advocacy in adult critical care settings. The specific objectives were to identify how critical care nurses define patient advocacy, to explore the understanding and experiences of critical care nurses regarding patient advocacy, to explore critical care nurses’ role in patient advocacy, and to ascertain the barriers to encouraging advocacy in the critical care setting. Research design: Systematic literature search of CINAHL and Medline databases, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as grey literature search, was conducted. Search dates were restricted from January 2005 to 2015 in both CINAHL and Medline. Findings: 62 studies were identified, of which 6 qualitative research papers were included. Nurses gave varied definitions of patient advocacy, which were categorized into three themes: communication, protection, and doing. Nurses perceive advocacy as truly listening to patients and their families. Conclusion: For critical care nurses to be effective advocates, there must be support, collaboration, and improved working relationship between professional groups. Moreover, nurses must be empowered to be able to give power to patients and family.
Comparison of Deep Transfer Learning Techniques in Human Skin Burns Discrimination
Authors: Abubakar Aliyu , Ajuji Mohammed , Usman Yahya Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

While visual assessment is the standard technique for burn evaluation, computer-aided diagnosis is increasingly sought due to high number of incidences globally. Patients are increasingly facing challenges which are not limited to shortage of experienced clinicians, lack of accessibility to healthcare facilities, and high diagnostic cost. Certain number of studies were proposed in discriminating burn and healthy skin using machine learning leaving a huge and important gap unaddressed; whether burns and related skin injuries can be effectively discriminated using machine learning techniques. Therefore, we specifically use pre-trained deep learning models due to deficient dataset to train a new model from scratch. Experiments were extensively conducted using three state-of-the-art pre-trained deep learning models that includes ResNet50, ResNet101 and ResNet152 for image patterns extraction via two transfer learning strategies: fine-tuning approach where dense and classification layers were modified and trained with features extracted by base layers, and in the second approach support vector machine (SVM) was used to replace top-layers of the pre-trained models, trained using off-the-shelf features from the base layers. Our proposed approach records near perfect classification accuracy of approximately 99.9%.
Authority and Dignity; History, Architecture, and Restoration of Sheikh Zahed Gilani Tomb
Authors: Pourzakarya Maryam
Published: March 2020

Tombs and mausoleums as a cultural-religious heritage have a key role in attracting cultural tourists, as a result, they have been of great interest to researchers and academics in recent years. This paper argues the tomb of Sheikh Zahed Gilani, who was once a great mystic and is reputable due to his influence on the formation of the Safavid dynasty. Through a qualitative evaluation, this paper assesses the history, indigenous architecture, brick decorations and the significant geometry of Sheikh Zahed’ tomb. The results indicate that the dome has eight diverse geometric levels with dissimilar decorations, which is a unique design in the region. The paper also investigates the construction inscriptions and preservation projects to better comprehend the history of the tomb. Examination and understanding the characteristics of this monument alongside assessing the typology in comparison to other historical buildings can support the development of a local structure of the tomb as well as the geometric dome in similar climates.
Extending the Concept of City for the Delineation of Large Urban Regions (LUR) for the Cities of the World
Authors: Rozenblat Celine
Published: March 2020

Cities’ delineation remains a hot topic of debate in a time where comparisons between cities are becoming increasingly based on different issues that address various scales of interventions and thus different concepts of cities. Aiming to compare cities and their insertion into globalization, we suggest that the “urban field of influence” is the best way to approach cities for this specific perspective. However, after reviewing the different existing possible concepts, we replace this concept with four different approaches proposed by Pumain et al. (1992): political entities, morphological agglomerations, functional urban areas and conurbations/Mega city regions. We discuss the top-down and bottom-up existing initiatives launched at the world scale and then use a mixed top-down and bottom-up approach to propose a new delineation of a large urban region (LUR), denoting a concept close to the conurbation or Mega city-region concept. The compositions of these LURs are published as an initial incomplete framework, suggesting the need for further critical comments and contributions to improve them.
Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Kuffner Kerstin , Triebelhorn Julian , Meindl Katrin , Benner Christoph , Manook André , Sudria Daniel , Siebert Ramona , Nothdurfter Caroline , Baghai Thomas C. , Drexler Konstantin , Berneburg Mark , Rupprecht Rainer , Milenkovic Vladimir M. , Wetzel Christian H.
Published: March 2020

Mitochondrial malfunction is supposed to be involved in the etiology and pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to identify and characterize the molecular pathomechanisms related to mitochondrial disfunction in adult human skin fibroblasts which were derived from MDD patients or non-depressive control subjects. We found that MDD fibroblasts showed significantly impaired mitochondrial functioning: basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, non-mitochondrial respiration and ATP-related oxygen consumption was lower. Moreover, MDD fibroblasts harbor lower ATP levels and showed hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To investigate cellular resilience, we challenged both groups of fibroblasts with hormonal (dexamethasone) or metabolic (galactose) stress for one week, and found that both stressors increased oxygen consumption but lowered ATP content in MDD as well as in non-depressive control fibroblasts. Interestingly, the bioenergetic differences between fibroblasts from MDD or non-depressed subjects, which were observed under non-treated conditions, could not be detected after stress. Our findings support the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial function causes a bioenergetic imbalance which is associated with the molecular pathophysiology of MDD. The observed alterations in OXPHOS and other mitochondria-related properties represent a basis for further investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms and might open new ways to gain insight into antidepressant signaling pathways.
Bees Occurring in Corn Production Fields Treated with Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus (Texas, USA)
Authors: Bhandari Krishna B. , Longing Scott D. , West Charles P.
Published: March 2020

A saprophytic soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, produces aflatoxin (toxigenic strains) in the kernels of corn (Zea mays L.) and seeds of many other crops. Many strains of A. flavus do not produce toxigenic aflatoxin, and soil application of these atoxigenic strains is a suppressive control tactic to assist in controlling toxigenic conspecifics. Effects of atoxigenic A. flavus applications on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and other bees are unknown, and basic information on bee occurrences in corn fields treated with and without this biological pesticide is needed to inform integrated pest management in corn. Fields with atoxigenic A. flavus applications were compared to nearby control fields in three counties in corn production regions in eastern Texas. In each corn field, twenty bee bowl traps were deployed along four equal transects located between corn rows, with contents of the bowls (i.e. bees) retrieved after 24 hours. Eleven bee genera from four families were collected from corn fields, with only two honey bees collected and zero honey bees observed in transects. The sweat bee genus Agapostemon (primarily composed of the Texas-striped sweat bee A. texanus) was most abundant in corn fields (44% of the total number of bees collected) followed by long-horned bees (Melissodes spp., 24%). The southernmost county (i.e. San Patricio) produced over 80% of the total number of bees collected. Bee communities occurring in corn production fields with applications of atoxigenic A. flavus applications were not significantly different from nearby control fields. While little is known of bee resource use in corn production systems in Texas, the abundant yet variable bee communities across latitudes in this study suggests a need to investigate the influence of farming practices on bee resources in regional corn production systems.
Pengembangan Film Pendek Mengenai Tahapan Pengambilan Keputusan Karier Dengan Model Prescreening, In Depth Exploration, Choice (PIC) Untuk Peserta Didik Kelas XI SMAN 29 Jakarta
Authors: Wening Cahyawulan  , Nurjani Farhan
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan film tentang tahapan pengambilan keputusan karier model prescreening, in depth exploration, choice (PIC) untuk peserta didik kelas XI di SMA N 29 Jakarta. Jumlah populasi penelitian sebanyak 241 orang peserta didik dan sampel sebanyak 150 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu teknik random sampling. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Research and Development (RnD) menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). Tahapan model ADDIE telah dilakukan peneliti berupa analisis, desain, dan pengembangan. Alat pengumpul data berupa angket dan wawancara. Evaluasi formatif dilakukan oleh validator ahli media, ahli materi, dan peserta didik. Data tersebut menunjukkan hasil evaluasi validitas ahli media 96,66%, validitasi ahli materi 92,30%, uji coba keterbacaan peserta didik menunjukkan hasil 71,5%, pilot test menunjukkan rerata hasil yang peserta didik peroleh sebesar 79%. Film berisi tentang tahapan pengambilan keputusan karier dengan model prescreening, in depth exploration, choice.
Embedding Logistic Regression Model in Decision Support Software for Student Graduation Prediction
Authors: Lagman Ace C.
Published: March 2020

Logistic regression is a predictive modeling technique that finds an association between the independent variables and the logarithm of the odds of a categorical response variable. This is one of the techniques used in analyzing a categorical dependent variable. The study focused on the application of logistic regression in predicting student graduation by generating data models that could early predict and identify students who are prone to not having graduation on time, so proper remediation and retention policies can be formulated and implemented by institutions. The student graduation rate is the percentage of a school’s first-time, first-year undergraduate students who complete their program successfully. Most students’ first-year freshmen enrolled at the tertiary level failed to graduate. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, almost half of the first time freshmen full-time students who began seeking a bachelor’s degree do not graduate. The colleges and universities consisting of high leaver rates go through a loss of fees and potential alumni contributors.
Bases para un programa de mejora de alpacas en la region altoandina de Huancavelica-Perú
Authors: Quispe E. C. , Alfonso L. , Flores A. , Guillén H. , Ramos Y.
Published: March 2020

El estudio se desarrolló en 544 alpacas Huacaya de color blanco localizadas en 19 centros de producción de la Región de Huancavelica, ubicadas un rango de altitud entre 4000 y 4800 msnm. Antes de la esquila se tomaron muestras del vellón de aproximadamente 20 g de la zona del costillar y posterior a ella se registró el peso de vellón grasiento (PVG), sexo, edad y unidad productiva de cada animal. El diámetro de fibra (DF), coeficiente de variación del diámetro de fibra (CVDF) y el factor de picazón (FP) fue determinado utilizando el Sirolan-Laserscan. En función a los datos obtenidos se realizó el planteamiento de un esquema de mejora y sobre ello se estimó la respuesta a la selección bajo distintos escenarios. Los promedios ±E.E. del PVG, DF, CVDF y FP fueron de 2300±39 g, 21,56±0,12 mm, 22,82±0,12% y 6,33 ± 0,30% respectivamente. El PVG y el DF muestran variaciones significativas (p
Conservation refugees and environmental dispossession in 21st century critical Geography
Authors: Hoefle Scott William
Published: March 2020

This study explores the relevance of the concepts of conservation refugees and environmental dispossession for steering a middle course between unjust bio-centric conservation and anti-environmentalism of extreme right “populism”. Historical geographers have recently taken up these concepts from contemporary Environmental History, and when with allied to the concepts of environmental ethics from Radical Ecology and Environmental Studies and nature enclosures from Political Ecology, a novel critique is produced of the role of full conservation units in debates surrounding global climate change. This kind of nature reserve is steeped in bio-centric environmental ethics which distill nature and dispossess native peoples and poor peasants. The latter are considered to be anthropic agents who are criminalized, removed and turned into conservation refugees in order to cleanse the landscape of (poor rural) human presence. Drawing on research undertaken on nature enclosures in three threatened biomes of Brazil, hybrid views of society-nature and actor-network assembly from Relational Geography are used to interpret specific cases involving successful resistance to environmental dispossession in which local people forced a change in mentality of nature reserve administrators, turned foe into ally and built socially inclusive conservation strategies.
A Detailed Evaluation of Coiled Tubing Drillouts of Composites and Dissolvable Plugs In Permian Basin and Eagle Ford Fields
Authors: Garcilazo Meza Guillermo , Bautista Alarcon Xaymaca , Loundy Ryan
Published: March 2020

Coiled tubing (CT) operations in Texas are distributed in the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford plays supporting unconventional completion of horizontal wells using plug-and-perf technology. CT drillouts are a key step in performing the plug removal and achieving full production potential. From a wide variety of plugs available, the most common plugs are composite and dissolvable. This study presents an evaluation of both plugs for CT drillout.

The analysis gathers post-drillout data from CT interventions in the Permian basin and the Eagle Ford: 63 wells completed exclusively with 2,664 composite plugs, 60 wells completed with a combination of both type of plugs for a total of 382 dissolvable plugs and 1,792 composite plugs, and 16 wells completed with 543 dissolvable plugs. Data were analyzed for correlations between well geometry; lateral length; plugs used; dissolvable plug location in the lateral (heel, toe, full lateral); and key performance indicators (KPIs) such as time in well, average milling, wash times, plugs spacing and total number of plugs.

The evaluation was conducted by comparing wells completed with only composite plugs, only dissolvable plugs, or a combination of both types, and it included a review of dissolvable plug dissolution performance. Composite plugs show a consistent milling performance for laterals of 1 and 1.5 miles, with an average milling time of 4 to 5 min and a variance of 3 min and wash times of 26 min; for laterals longer than 1.5 miles, the performance declines. When evaluating laterals completed with dissolvable plugs average milling time is 7 to 9 min, and the variance increases with the lateral length, with wash times of 26 to 36 min. Wells completed with a combination of dissolvable plugs on the toe and composites in the rest of the lateral show an improved overall performance, with constant milling times of 4 to 5 min regardless of the lateral length and variance of 1 to 3 min; the overall time in the well when plugs are combined is reduced by 46% compared to laterals completed with dissolvable only. The analysis also determined that at least 45% of dissolvable plugs did not dissolve and required CT intervention.

The aim of this is study is to give operators a tool to assess the costs and benefits of using different plug technologies with a strategic placement to execute interventions in the safest and most efficient manner. Additionally, dissolvable plugs are commonly associated with cost reduction related to eliminating the need for CT milling. However, the data shows that inconsistent dissolution of the dissolvable plugs adds an uncertainty factor, which can only be dissipated with intervention using CT.
Modern Wireline Cables and Their Qualification Processes
Authors: Castillo Homero , Protasov Vadim , Dunning Dustin , Nutt Kevin , Gibson Phil , Glasgow Andy
Published: March 2020

With the increased popularity of long, tortuous and HPHT wells, the performance requirements for wireline cables used in logging and well intervention jobs in these modern wells have become significantly more demanding. Once a manufacturer releases a new cable design and before the new cables are used in customer jobs, to avoid safety, operational and service quality incidents, the wireline service companies need to assess and confirm the cables' fitness for the conditions in which they will be used.

This paper documents the recent wireline cable design changes and a battery of post-manufacturing processes and tests intended to qualify the resulting new wireline cables, all product of a close collaboration between a wireline cable manufacturer, a cable service and repairs vendor, a cable testing laboratory and a wireline service company. The post-manufacturing tests and processes subject of this paper can be grouped in the following categories:Cable strength and comprehensive fatigue testsCable constructional stretch removal processLive well-control running qualification process

In this paper, we will elaborate on the design of the specific cable design changes, qualification tests, post-manufacturing processes, and their rate of commercial adoption by our industry. We will also show several specific examples of modern cables along with the outcome of the post-manufacturing processes applied to them.

The ability to perform logging and well interventions in modern complex wells using fit-for-purpose wireline cables has resulted in safer operations, shorter operating times, significant savings when compared with alternative deployment methods, longer useful cable lives, avoidance of expensive fishing operations and lost-in-hole charges.

This paper is intended to enhance the understanding of the readers on the technologies, materials, methods and processes involved on the quest to design, make, qualify and properly use wireline cables; this knowledge will benefit the most those who buy or provide wireline services in challenging environments.
Recent Electric Line Tractor Technology Developments Deliver Significantly Increased Job Efficiency, Increased Payload Capability, and Improved Mission Certainty
Authors: Murchie Stuart , McInally Gerald , Tinnen Bård , Worsman Robert
Published: March 2020

Until recently, electric line tractor driving speeds have been lying significantly below their true potential, because of elements related to design, working principles and system dynamics. Several case histories from recent electric line tractor conveyance operations illustrate the number of operational benefits that have resulted from an engineering re-design, through applying the latest electronic and hydraulic technologies to electric tractor conveyance.

Electrohydraulic tractors were developed in the mid 1990s as an alternative means to convey electric line deployed tools along the highly deviated or horizontal sections of wells. The application of this tractor technology has grown considerably over the years, having been applied to convey an increasing range of technology payloads (for example, logging tools, ballistic devices and powered mechanical applications) to an expanding stock of deviated wells with increasing length and tortuosity. The performance and capability of electric line tractor tools has always been a trade-off between numerous limiting factors including the electric line cable (strength, weight, length, voltage and current rating), the surface power supply, the tractor components (downhole motor power and drive train efficiency), and the completion size into which it is deployed. This has until now necessitated tractor pre-set requirements to successfully perform a job, resulting in limitations on performance criteria such as tractor pull force and speed.

This paper discusses recent improvements to the tractor platform achieved through redesign and by applying new electronic and hydraulic developments which enable in-well, on-the-fly optimisation of the tractor components and parameters. The field operations demonstrate the transformation in tractor conveyance speeds achieved, in the order of three and a half times that previously delivered, representing a new standard in electric line tractor conveyance efficiency. These speeds, coupled with increased payload conveyance capability and the improved mission certainty which can be achieved, are even more relevant in wells of significant measured depth, lateral length and challenging well profiles and trajectory complexity.

The technology presented will also allow well completion engineers to plan complex well intervention jobs in demanding wells with more confidence now that it is available to increase operational success.
Significant Time Reduction and Cost Savings Realized Through the Use of Wireline Deployed Milling Services, to Enlarge a Tubing Hanger
Authors: Mangione Alessandro , Gravante Elpidio , Sinibaldi Giuliano , Cianci Adriano , Sala Gianluigi , Magrì Raimondo , Altarelli Crescenzo , Paoli Cristiano , Hallaire Maximilien , Hernandez Andres , Perry Gregory , MacPherson William
Published: March 2020

A producing well located offshore Congo was equipped with a TRSCSSV which failed to open. A velocity valve, with a stem beneath, had been installed to keep the flapper open. This condition, apart from restricting the production, was a temporary solution as defined in Eni's (the operator) well integrity policy; for this reason, the SSV had to be replaced. In order to do so, the completion needed to be removed, which implied cutting the cut-to-release packer. A lock open tool needed to be run in the SSV to allow the cutter to reach the packer. The lock open tool was too big to pass the tubing hanger. Eni issued a challenge to the service industry, to come up with a solution to enlarge the hardened tubing hanger while preserving its mechanical integrity. The solution also had to be deployable quickly as the drilling unit could incur costly standby.

The retained solution used a wireline deployed milling toolstring equipped with a diamond coated bit. The benefits of this solution impacted several areas: the surface read out system allowed for fine control of the milling operation, the combinability of the tools allowed for adequate planning of potential fish recovery while retaining well barriers on a live well and the size of the equipment allowed for a rapid overseas mobilization.

The milling operation was completed in a single run, with a total milling time of 1hr 47min.

The paper will discuss the project scope of work, equipment preparation and job execution, an estimate of the risk and cost reduction delivered, and an estimate of the added production enabled by removing the failed SSV.
Coiled-Tubing Hybrid Open-Architecture System Enables Real-Time Downhole 360-View Camera and Production Logging Test for Increased Performance in a Challenging Gas Field
Authors: Vera Vanessa , Torres Carlos , Delgado Eduardo , Foianini Ivo , Arcanjo Diego , Higuera Josue , Torres Monica
Published: March 2020

Efficiency and effectiveness are strong influencing factors when developing rigless interventions within the current market. In the demanding industry of exploration and production (E&P), a synergy was created from strong collaborations between operator and service companies searching for solutions to provide more diagnostic capabilities, reduce overall cost of operations, and maximize well performance. The solution was found in real-time hybrid coiled tubing (CT) services, which drastically increased reliability and reduced assets and wasted time on location.

Two onshore CT well interventions in the eastern foothills of Colombia where challenging conditions (i.e., high gas-production rate, high tortuosity, and dogleg severity) were overcome using a real-time hybrid CT system are discussed. To optimize the operational time to run a production logging test (PLT) and obtain downhole visual conditions, it was necessary to, in a single run, combine a flow-through, multisided, high-resolution visualization camera (first in industry) with real-time wireline services and a hybrid bottomhole assembly (BHA).

The real-time hybrid integrated system includes a cable to connect any wireline tool and multiple fibers for communicating with additional sensors (i.e., tension and compression) to avoid exceeding the wireline tools’ capabilities, casing collar locator (CCL), and/or gamma ray (GR) sensor. These then correlate as a backup of the logging tool while performing operations as a PLT or injection logging test (ILT) and smarter tools (i.e., downhole multisided camera) that evaluate the perforations and fractures within the desired zones. This occurs in a single CT rig up without the need to modify the hybrid BHA, CT string, or CT connector and reduces the shut-in period of the well because CT and BHA capabilities provide more downhole insight.

The hybrid flow-through sensor and camera BHA communication use the fibers installed in the CT; wireline uses the electric path for its telemetry. Because tool communication is independent, data can be evaluated simultaneously without constraints during the same run and pass, helping reduce additional operations because everything is transmitted from downhole, recorded, and displayed at surface the same time the tool senses or sees it.

In an industry that demands continuous improvement during each stage of a well, increasing efficiency, reducing operational time, and developing technologies and techniques without compromising safety is no longer a request—it is now mandatory. This technology provides the benefits of fiber-optic and electric cable together and near limitless freedom to deploy multiple technologies independently or simultaneously without interference—a solution only an open architecture system can provide, establishing a step forward within the industry.
Powerful Hydraulic Coil Tubing Tractor Facilitates Stimulation Application in Extended Reach Wells Thru Completion Operations
Authors: Alsaiood Hussain , Otaibi Abdulrahman , Duthie Laurie , Aybar Umut , French Andrew
Published: March 2020

Matrix acid stimulation in carbonate formations can often be vital to remove formation damage post drilling and achieve a more uniform production profile. Reaching well total depth (TD) is critical for an effective treatment in extended reach wells (ERWs) completed with an electrical submersible pump (ESP). The ESP completion with minimum restriction of 2.44-in. limits the coil tubing (CT) and downhole tools size. Hydraulically powered CT tractors are an ideal solution to pull the CT to TD (Saiood et al. 2018).

The completion minimum restriction only allows for 2-in. CT with 2-1/8-in. OD hydraulically powered CT tractors and a maximum pulling force of 3,200 lbs. Pre-job CT design-aided simulations predicted the 2-in. CT size and a 2-1/8-in. CT tractor would not reach well TD due to unfavorable trajectory and therefore potentially jeopardizing a successful stimulation treatment. An alternative method is to utilize 2-7/8-in. CT combined with a 3.5-in. hydraulically powered tractor to conduct matrix acid stimulation prior to installing the upper ESP completion with restricted ID.

This alternative arrangement allows for a maximum pulling force of 9,200 lbs, ensuring a greater reach in ERWs and effective treatment. It also tolerates higher pumping rates with 2.875in. CT (up to 5 bbl/min as compared with 2 bbl/min for 2-in. CT), reducing the exposure time of acid on surface, reaching optimum rates faster creating favorable wormholes in the carbonate formation and reducing the pumping operation time by up to 50%. Matrix acid stimulation is then completed with the drilling rig still in position post drilling operations. Thereafter, the upper ESP completion with restricted ID is installed.

This engineered solution provides an alternative for CT interventions in extended-reach horizontal wells featuring completion restrictions, where the main challenge is to maximize the reach for optimum stimulation. The approach of combining the 3.5-in. hydraulically powered tractor with 2.875-in. CT pipe successfully enabled effective stimulation of the openhole section to a 27,000-ft. TD in a challenging downhole environment.
Analysis and Case Study: Comparing CT Slim Tractor Performance Using Different CT Sizes in 3 Wells
Authors: Saeed A. , French A. , Moore N. B.
Published: March 2020

For coiled tubing stimulations each CT size offers various advantages and limitations, including but not limited to; maximum pump rate, logistics, fatigue life and cost. In extended reach (ERD) wells CT Tractors can be utilized to improve coiled tubing (CT) access of the horizontal section of the well-bore. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a slim CT tractor with various sizes of CT, namely 2" and 2-3/8".

Tubing Force Analyses (TFA) were performed for a group of wells using CT modeling software with friction coefficients back modeled from previous CT interventions in the same field. Three similar candidate wells were chosen where CT was predicted to lockup prior to reaching Total Depth (TD) without the use of a tractor, and where TD was able to be reached with the use of a tractor for both 2" and 2-3/8" CT. During field operations down-hole pressure sensors and tension compression sub were included in the BHA to verify the effectiveness of the CT tractor with live readings.

The field operations demonstrated that 2-3/8" CT reached further in the wellbore prior to activating the tractor. The operations confirmed that the slim hydraulic CT Tractor was able to pull both 2" and 2-3/8" CT a significant distance past CT lockup depth. Matrix stimulations were successfully performed on each of the 3 wells. The study concludes that both 2" and 2-3/8" CT combined with a hydraulic slim tractor were both appropriate solutions to access extended reach open hole for Matrix stimulation operations.

Production engineers have case study results to show the effectiveness of using 2" vs 2-3/8" CT with a slim hydraulic tractor to access ERD wells for stimulation operations.