bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Classification of Open-Ended Questions: Check-All-That-Apply Questions
Authors: Schonlau Matthias , Gweon Hyukjun , Wenemark Marika
Published: August 2019

Text data from open-ended questions in surveys are challenging to analyze and are often ignored. Open-ended questions are important though because they do not constrain respondents’ answers. Where open-ended questions are necessary, often human coders manually code answers. When data sets are large, it is impractical or too costly to manually code all answer texts. Instead, text answers can be converted into numerical variables, and a statistical/machine learning algorithm can be trained on a subset of manually coded data. This statistical model is then used to predict the codes of the remainder. We consider open-ended questions where the answers are coded into multiple labels (all-that-apply questions). For example, in the open-ended question in our Happy example respondents are explicitly told they may list multiple things that make them happy. Algorithms for multilabel data take into account the correlation among the answer codes and may therefore give better prediction results. For example, when giving examples of civil disobedience, respondents talking about “minor nonviolent offenses” were also likely to talk about “crimes.” We compare the performance of two different multilabel algorithms (random k-labelsets [RAKEL], classifier chains [CC]) to the default method of binary relevance (BR) which applies single-label algorithms to each code separately. Performance is evaluated on data from three open-ended questions (Happy, Civil Disobedience, and Immigrant). We found weak bivariate label correlations in the Happy data (90th percentile: 7.6%), and stronger bivariate label correlations in the Civil Disobedience (90th percentile: 17.2%) and Immigrant (90th percentile: 19.2%) data. For the data with stronger correlations, we found both multilabel methods performed substantially better than BR using 0/1 loss (“at least one label is incorrect”) and had little effect when using Hamming loss (average error). For data with weak label correlations, we found no difference in performance between multilabel methods and BR.

We conclude that automatic classification of open-ended questions that allow multiple answers may benefit from using multilabel algorithms for 0/1 loss. The degree of correlations among the labels may be a useful prognostic tool.
Changes in renal, bone, lipid, and inflammation markers in HIV-1 patients after combination antiretroviral therapy simplification to dolutegravir monotherapy
Authors: Wijting Ingeborg EA , Rokx Casper , Zillikens Maria C , Smits Sandra AA , de Vries-Sluijs Theodora EMS , Schurink Carolina AM , Bax Hannelore I , van der Ende Marchina E , van Gorp Eric CM , Nouwen Jan L , Verbon Annelies , Bierman Wouter FW , Rijnders Bart JA
Published: August 2019

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can cause metabolic toxicities. How cART simplification to dual or monotherapies affects metabolic markers is unknown. We analyzed the metabolic effects of cART simplification to dolutegravir (DTG) monotherapy in the randomized clinical DOMONO (DOlutegravir MONOtherapy for HIV) trial including HIV-positive participants. Renal function, Framingham risk score (FRS), inflammation, and bone mineral density (BMD) with trabecular bone score (TBS) were measured during 48 weeks after simplification. The changes at 48 weeks by on-treatment analyses overall and for prior tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) exposure were analyzed separately, using Bonferroni corrected alpha (p = 0.00096). Ninety-five patients initiated DTG monotherapy, including 80 discontinuing TDF. At week 48, the switch to DTG monotherapy resulted in an expected −7.8 ml/min estimated glomerular filtration decline. In patients on prior TDF, proteinuria improved (p < 0.00096), but proximal tubular dysfunction proportions did not change. Fasting lipids, FRS, and the inflammation markers C-reactive protein and CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio remained stable. Lumbar spine BMD improved (+1.7%, p < 0.00096), while hip BMD and TBS remained comparable. Simplification of TDF-containing cART to DTG monotherapy ameliorated lumbar spine BMD and proteinuria with neutral effect on lipids and inflammation markers. Although DTG monotherapy should not be used in routine care and its role in strictly selected patients with primary HIV infection needs to be further elucidated, these observations remain relevant regarding DTG-based dual therapy without TDF. www.clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02401828.
Elaborating the sensory and cognitive-affective aspects of information experience
Authors: Savolainen Reijo
Published: August 2019

Drawing on pragmatist ideas proposed by John Dewey, the study elaborates the picture of information experience by examining how researchers have characterized the ways in which people receive, acquire and interpret sensory and cognitive-affective information. To this end, a conceptual analysis was conducted by concentrating on 43 studies pertinent to the topic. The findings indicate that so far, the construct of information experience has remained quite vague. This is mainly due to that experience - the fundamental constituent of information experience – has not been sufficiently reflected in the context of informational phenomena. Information experience studies have mainly contributed to information behaviour research by describing how people receive and acquire sensory information, while the picture of experiencing cognitive-affective information has remained quite vague. There are also gaps in studies examining how sensory and cognitive-affective information are interpreted as an integral part of information experience. The study also identifies topics of further research dealing with the elaboration of the construct of information experience.
Surviving the Heart of Darkness: reflections on the experience of psychiatrists working in public mental health services in Australia
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Maguire Paul
Published: August 2019

Objective:

We reflect upon the bleak experiential landscape of psychiatrists working in underfunded, under-resourced and demoralised public mental health services through the metaphorical narrative of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.

Conclusion:

It remains difficult to navigate through the Heart of Darkness. We suggest some navigable markers that may stave off metaphorical running aground.
Exploring the Contributory Factors Toward Childhood Obesity and Being Overweight in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States
Authors: Alyousef Seham Mansour , Alhamidi Sami Abdulrahman
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Saudi schoolchildren are 15.5% and 6% overweight and obese, respectively. Social dynamics contributing to being overweight or obese are not well explored. Purpose: Exploration of social interaction between parents, children, and society, which may influence feeding activities. Methodology: Grounded theory with embedded quantitative measures used a sample of 20 mothers of overweight or obese children in well-child clinics. Mothers discussed eating practices and completed an inventory providing food intake data, consumption patterns, and child height and weight. Results: Core category: against the tide. Main emerging categories: fun food, the way we do things, my voice, knowing how, emotional pegs, and family first. Quantitative data highlighted possible sources of excessive calories and consumption patterns. Discussion: Normative change, alteration of patterns of social interaction, and empowerment of the mother’s role to promote prevention of child overweight and obesity may assist in addressing overweight and obesity among children in this group.
Teaching Online Graduate Nursing Students Cultural Diversity From an Ethnic and Nonethnic Perspective
Authors: Levey Janet A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Nursing programs requiring a short-term cultural diversity immersion experience can impose financial, family, and work schedule hardships for graduate students. This study aimed to measure changes in cultural practice, awareness, sensitivity, and behaviors before and after completing an online cultural diversity course without travel. Methodology: A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design collected data from a convenience sample of graduate nursing students ( n = 37) enrolled in a 16-week online course using the Cultural Competency Assessment (CAS/CCB), Culturally Congruent Care for Advanced Nursing Course Objectives (CCCAN-CLO) and Teaching/Assignment Inventory tools. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in graduate nursing students’ cultural competency postcourse scores: CAS, t(36) = −5.16, p < .001; CCB, t(36) = −5.42, p < .001; CCCAN-CLO, t(36) = −6.21, p < .001. Students identified conducting cultural interviews and online discussions as the most effective teaching strategies and assignments for learning cultural diversity content. Conclusion: Effective approaches for teaching graduate nursing students’ cultural diversity for practice are available for online learners.
Exchange of parametric assembly models based on neutral assembly constraints
Authors: Kim Youngki , Lee Hanra , Safdar Mutahar , Jauhar Tahir Abbas , Han Soonhung
Published: August 2019

It is difficult to exchange parametric assembly models using conventional neutral formats such as the standard for the exchange of product model data or the initial graphics exchange specification. These formats only support the boundary representation information that leads to the inability to perform parametric re-evaluation, once a model is exchanged. In order to exchange parametric information along with the design intent, a design history-based macro-parametric approach was proposed. Our method is macro-parametrics approach, however, supported only the exchange of individual part models. As most of the products are manufactured in assemblies, where several components are connected with multiple constraints, it is necessary to exchange the assembly model data. To overcome the issue of post-exchange editability, a collection of neutral assembly commands was introduced to extend the capabilities of the macro-parametric approach. A set of neutral assembly constraints was defined and a system for exchanging the parametric assembly models was implemented. An assembly model consisting of coaxial and incidence constraints was successfully exchanged between two commercial computer-aided design systems: CATIA and NX. It was possible to re-evaluate the assembly model parametrically after the exchange. The method can be further extended to exchange the remaining constraint types in different commercial computer-aided design systems.
Child, Family, and Case Characteristics Associated With Reentry Into Out-of-Home Care Among Children and Youth Involved With Child Protection Services
Authors: Brown Samantha M. , Orsi Rebecca , Chen Pang Ching Bobby
Published: August 2019

Many children and youth with child protection services (CPS) involvement enter out-of-home care. The aims of this study were to examine rates of reentry and risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care among children and youth involved in the child protection (reported for abuse/neglect) and youth-in-conflict (reported for behavioral issues) programs. This study used administrative data from Colorado’s Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System, which contains information on all children and youth who enter Colorado’s CPS. Of the 14,461 children and youth in the child protection program and 2,353 children and youth in the youth-in-conflict program, 14.7% and 35.1%, respectively, reentered into out-of-home care. Families’ prior history of CPS involvement and current CPS case characteristics better explained reentry into out-of-home care than child and family demographic characteristics alone. Understanding risk factors associated with reentry into out-of-home care is critical to inform the prevention of child maltreatment recurrence and ensure the safety, permanency, and well-being of children and youth.
Exploratory factor analysis of the Adapted Skillstreaming Checklist for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lopata Christopher , Donnelly James P , Thomeer Marcus L , Rodgers Jonathan D , Volker Martin A , Booth Adam J
Published: August 2019

The Adapted Skillstreaming Checklist measures social/social-communication skills and behavioral flexibility/regulation of children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Prior studies provided support for the reliability and criterion-related validity of the Adapted Skillstreaming Checklist total score for these children; however, no studies have examined the Adapted Skillstreaming Checklist factor structure. This exploratory factor analysis examined the factor structure and internal consistency of parent ratings on the Adapted Skillstreaming Checklist for a sample of 331 children, ages 6–12 years, with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Results yielded a correlated three-factor solution. The individual factors and total score demonstrated very good internal consistency reliability. Findings supported the presence and interpretability of three subscales, as well as derivation of a total composite reflecting overall prosocial and adaptive skills and behaviors. Implications for assessment and research are discussed.
‘If I knew what was going to happen, it wouldn’t worry me so much’: Children’s, parents’ and health professionals’ perspectives on information for children undergoing a procedure
Authors: Bray Lucy , Appleton Victoria , Sharpe Ashley
Published: August 2019

Children undergoing procedures such as blood tests and X-rays experience less anxiety and upset if they are well prepared and informed. Currently the provision of information about procedures can be ad hoc and there are barriers to children understanding this information. This study explored the perspectives of 32 children undergoing procedures (aged between 8 and 12 years), 27 parents and 19 health professionals on the provision of preparatory information to children. Qualitative interviews, prompted by visual images, were thematically analysed. The three themes, ‘accessing information’, ‘understanding information’ and ‘using information’, resonated with the central tenets of health literacy. Children reported mainly accessing information second-hand through their parents and demonstrated misconceptions about their procedure. Children identified that procedural information would help them to know what was going to happen and enable them to feel less worried and scared about their procedure. This study highlights that children can have low levels of health literacy in relation to a planned procedure. Their health literacy in this context is heavily influenced by the adults (parents and health professionals) around them. There needs to be further work conducted, informed directly by children, to improve the health literacy of children attending hospital for planned procedures.
A pessimistic liberalism: Jacob Talmon’s suspicion and the birth of contemporary political thought
Authors: Tatum Dillon Stone
Published: August 2019

Discussions of liberalism as a political ideology often focus on the progressive, civilisational, and triumphalist ideologies of liberal thinkers. Scholarly work on liberal empire situates these issues in the context of colonialism, and contemporary discussions of liberal world order devote much intellectual space to optimism about liberalism. Scholars have spent much less time connecting liberalism to deep cynicism and suspicion. This article, in focusing on what I term a ‘pessimistic liberalism’, fills this gap by examining the ways that the spectre of totalitarianism influenced post-war liberal thought. The mid-20th century was a pivotal moment where both liberalism and its critics proceeded to make arguments about politics that began from similar attitudes about the nature of the political: suspicion, cynicism, resignation, and fear. Specifically, the article analyses historian Jacob Talmon’s genealogy of modern leftist thought to illustrate the shift in liberal thinking from its 19th century optimism to its 20th century pessimism and scepticism. Talmon’s engagement with the issues of political messianism, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism represented a ‘hermeneutics of suspicion’ ( pace Paul Ricoeur) that critiqued the triumphalism of previous political projects. The article concludes by connecting this project to the broader development of ‘contemporary political thought’ and reflects on pessimism’s place in politics.
COPD patients prescribed inhaled corticosteroid in general practice: Based on disease characteristics according to guidelines?
Authors: Savran Osman , Godtfredsen Nina , Sørensen Torben , Jensen Christian , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli
Published: August 2019

In a primary care setting, our aim was to investigate characteristics of patients classified as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and currently being prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). The electronic patient record system in each participating general practice was searched for patients coded as COPD (ICPC, Second Edition code R95) and treated with ICS (ACT code R03AK and R03BA, that is, ICS in combination with a long-acting β2-agonist) or ICS as monotherapy. Data, if available, on demographics, smoking habits, spirometry, COPD medication, symptom score, blood eosinophils, co-morbidity and exacerbation history were retrieved from the medical records for all identified cases. Of all patients registered in the 138 participating general practices, 12.560 (3%) were coded as COPD, of whom 32% were prescribed ICS. The final study sample comprised 2.289 COPD patients currently prescribed ICS (98% also prescribed long-acting β2-agonist), with 24% being coded as both COPD and asthma. Post-bronchodilator spirometry was available in 79% (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second 60% pred (standard deviation (SD) 23.3)), symptom severity score in 53% (mean Medical Research Council score 2.7 (SD 1.1)) and 56% of the COPD patients had had no exacerbation in the previous year (and 45% not within the 2 previous years). Blood eosinophils were measured in 67% of the patients. Information on severity of airflow limitation was missing in 15% of the patients, and the combined information on symptom severity and exacerbation history was missing in in 46%. Most of the patients (74%) were managed only by their general practitioner. Although only one-third of the COPD patients were prescribed ICSs, our findings from this study of a large cohort of patients prescribed ICSs for COPD in general practice suggest that more detailed assessment of diagnosis and disease characteristics is likely to improve the risk–benefit ratio of maintenance therapy with ICSs in COPD patients managed in primary care.
Electrical conduction of reduced graphene oxide coated meta-aramid textile and its evolution under aging conditions
Authors: Cho Chungyeon , Elias Anastasia , Batcheller Jane , Dolez Patricia , Chung Hyun-Joong
Published: August 2019

High-performance textiles – such as those used in protective clothing – age silently, undergoing a gradual reduction in their protective properties. We propose that an electrically conducting layer that loses its conductivity systematically under aging conditions can be used as an end-of-life-sensor for textiles. In the present work, we first present a simple method to prepare conductive tracks on a meta-aramid woven fabric using reduced graphene oxide. While 15 iterations of reduced graphene oxide coating cycles were needed to wrap around each m-aramid fiber with reduced graphene oxide sheets completely, 10 cycles were sufficient to establish the electrical conductivity that remained stable for up to 10 laboratory wash cycles (equivalent to 50 domestic laundry cycles). The conductivity of these reduced graphene oxide coated fabrics remained stable upon immersion in water. Furthermore, we established a fabrication protocol for patterning both single-sided and two-sided reduced graphene oxide tracks on the m-aramid fabric. The former is designed to lose its conductivity upon abrasion, while the latter is designed to undergo a gradual transition in properties during aging. Assessment with a Martindale abrasion tester revealed that the single-sided reduced graphene oxide–track lost its conductivity after 150 abrasion cycles, whereas the two-sided reduced graphene oxide–tracks survived 3000 abrasion cycles. These results demonstrate that a simple reduced graphene oxide coating technique can be used to prepare end-of-life sensors for high-performance textiles.
Factors Associated With Payments to Research Participants: A Review of Sociobehavioral Studies at a Large Southern California Research University
Authors: Brown Brandon , Marg Logan , Zhang Zhiwei , Kuzmanović Dario , Dubé Karine , Galea Jerome
Published: August 2019

Along with a dearth of regulatory guidance, little empirical research has examined factors related to participant payment in research. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 100 institutional review board (IRB)–approved sociobehavioral human subjects research protocols at a large research university in Southern California. The proportion of studies that paid participants differed significantly by type of research ( p < .001) and study population ( p = .009). The average payment amount also differed significantly by study population ( p < .001) and type of participation (in-person vs. remote; p < .001). In addition, studies that required more visits ( p < .001) and more time ( p = .011) paid significantly more than studies with fewer and shorter visits, respectively. These findings provide data to help inform future ethical payment practices.
Single‐centre experience with anti‐tumour necrosis factor treatment in budesonide‐refractory microscopic colitis patients
Authors: Daferera Niki , Hjortswang Henrik , Ignatova Simone , Münch Andreas
Published: August 2019

Background

Microscopic colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic, watery diarrhoea. Microscopic colitis is usually effectively treated with budesonide, but some patients are refractory. Data on alternative treatments are sparse.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate outcome of microscopic colitis patients receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy at our centre.

Methods

Treatment results, including side effects, for all microscopic colitis patients receiving anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy were registered at week 12 and at end of follow‐up. Clinical remission was defined as a mean of <3 stools and <1 watery stools/day/week and clinical response as a 50% reduction of mean stool frequency/day/week. Induction and maintenance treatment was either adalimumab or infliximab.

Results

The study cohort comprised 18 patients; mean age at diagnosis was 47 years (range 19–77). Ten and eight patients, respectively, received adalimumab and infliximab as first‐line anti‐tumour necrosis factor; seven patients received second‐line anti‐tumour necrosis factor due to non‐response, loss of response or side effects. At week 12, 9/18 patients had achieved remission, 6/18 were responders and 3/18 were non‐responders. Of the nine remission patients, 3/18 (16%) had long‐lasting clinical remission post‐induction therapy alone. Five patients (28%) (one first‐line, four second‐line anti‐tumour necrosis factor) were in remission and one patient (6%) responded to maintenance treatment; follow‐up was mean 22 (range 4–60) months. Six patients (33%) had minor, reversible side effects.

Conclusions

Over half of budesonide‐refractory microscopic colitis patients can achieve clinical remission or response on anti‐tumour necrosis factor agents. Prospective studies are mandatory to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti‐tumour necrosis factor treatments in budesonide‐refractory microscopic colitis.
Full-Thickness Macular Hole and Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion: Comparison of Visual Results in Patients Receiving Pars Plana Vitrectomy in One Eye and Ocriplasmin in the Fellow Eye
Authors: Khanani Arshad M. , Gahn Greggory M. , Markoff Joseph , Khalaf Hamzah , Gonzalez Victor H. , Coney Joseph , Fineman Mitchell S. , Haller Julia A.
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

This article compares bilateral visual outcomes in patients receiving a vitrectomy in one eye for a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) who also received ocriplasmin treatment in the fellow eye for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA).

Methods:

This was a multicenter, retrospective study to assess the difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients receiving a vitrectomy in the eye with an FTMH and ocriplasmin treatment for the fellow eye with symptomatic VMA but no FTMH. Patients initially received either a single injection of ocriplasmin 0.125 mg for symptomatic VMA or a vitrectomy for FTMH. After the first eye was stable following the initial treatment option, the second eye was treated with the opposite modality. BCVA was measured at baseline, month 3, and month 6, with up to 2 years of additional follow-up.

Results:

Thirty-six eyes (18 patients) were included in the analysis. Eyes that underwent a vitrectomy for FTMH had a mean baseline BCVA of 20/123 and a final BCVA of 20/53. Eyes receiving ocriplasmin treatment for VMA had a mean baseline BCVA of 20/49 and a final BCVA of 20/33. The median time between the 2 treatments was 5.5 months. Eyes receiving ocriplasmin had a median time to VMA resolution of 4 weeks.

Conclusions:

Treatment with ocriplasmin showed successful resolution of VMA and improvement in BCVA, obviating the need for vitrectomy. The current study provides a framework for the treatment of patients with a current FTMH in one eye and VMA without an FTMH in the contralateral eye.
Correction to: Visualizing and measuring gold leaf in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian gold ground paintings using scanning macro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: a new tool for advancing art historical research
Authors: MacLennan Douglas , Llewellyn Laura , Delaney John K. , Dooley Kathryn A. , Patterson Catherine Schmidt , Szafran Yvonne , Trentelman Karen
Published: August 2019

After the publication of the original article [1], the authors identified two errors in Table 1.
Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia
Authors: Bravo-Linares David , Acevedo-Melo Andrés M. , Ruiz-Patiño Alejandro , Ricaurte Luisa , Lucio-Arias Diana , Cardona Andrés F.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Cancer morbidity represents an increasing public health issue; this worldwide phenomenon also is true for emerging upper-middle-income countries, such as Colombia. The main purpose of this study was to uncover the relationship between scientific productivity and cancer-related mortality in our setting.

METHODS

We conducted a temporal-trend ecologic study by means of bibliometric analysis from records of publications from SCOPUS database with Colombian institutional affiliations between 2000 and 2015. Productivity and overall mortality were estimated and compared using econometric modeling to identify potential correlations. Additional exploratory analyses per six most frequent cancer sites were performed.

RESULTS

Of 2,645 publication records retrieved, 1,464 (55.3%) met selection criteria to be classified as Colombian scientific production (interobserver agreement, 92.96%; κ = 0.859; 95% CI, 0.800 to 0.918). Overall, 79.6% of the records corresponded to original or in-press articles; furthermore, almost half (49.7%) embodied descriptive study designs. Selected records reported a median of five authors and three different affiliations per publication; 66% had been cited at least once up to September 2017. The most-studied cancer-specific locations were cervix (16.1%), breast (11.5%), and stomach (9.8%), but nonspecific locations had the largest combined participation (23.4%). An increasing trend in scientific productivity was correlated to decreasing trend in overall cancer mortality, which was reported as an inverse proportional relationship in the linear regression modeling ( r = −0.958; P < .001). Graphic analyses per cancer-specific sites revealed heterogeneous behaviors of this relationship.

CONCLUSION

Colombian cancer-specific scientific productivity demonstrated a steady growth as opposed to a decreasing mortality trend in the recent years. The research output is predominantly descriptive with relatively low interinstitutional partnership and low impact in the international scientific community.
Special Section: Transnational Feminist Strikes and Solidarities
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey
Published: August 2019

This special section gathers activist texts and theoretical reflections on the International Women's Strike of March 8, 2017. Contributors from Turkey, Argentina, Poland, and Italy consider the strike's implications and effects, emphasizing the ways in which it both indexes and advances, both speaks to and spurs, a radical re-politicization of feminism. Texts by Rita Segato and Françoise Vergès provide critical frameworks for understanding this process. All of the texts collected here—essays, dispatches, chronicles, manifestos, and an interview—indicate the urgency and the promise of a feminism that refuses racism, capitalist exploitation, environmental depredation, and state violence.
Phosphorylation of importin-α1 by CDK1–cyclin B1 controls mitotic spindle assembly
Authors: Guo Li , Mohd Khamsah Suryati , Ren He , Xin Guangwei , Jiang Qing , Clarke Paul R. , Zhang Chuanmao
Published: August 2019

Importin-α serves as an adaptor linking importin-β to proteins carrying a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). During interphase, this interaction enables nuclear protein import, while in mitosis it regulates spindle assembly factors (SAFs) and controls microtubule nucleation, stabilization and spindle function. Here, we show that human importin-α1 is regulated during the cell cycle and is phosphorylated at two sites (threonine 9 and serine 62) during mitosis by the major mitotic protein kinase CDK1–cyclin B. Mutational analysis indicates that the mitotic phosphorylation of importin-α1 inhibits its binding to importin-β and promotes the release of TPX2 and KIFC1, which are then targeted like importin-β to the spindle. Loss of importin-α1 or expression of a non-phosphorylated mutant of importin-α1 results in the formation of shortened spindles with reduced microtubule density and induces a prolonged metaphase, whereas phosphorylation-mimicking mutants are functional in mitosis. We propose that phosphorylation of importin-α1 is a general mechanism for the spatial and temporal control of mitotic spindle assembly by CDK1–cyclin B1 that acts through the release of SAFs such as TPX2 and KIFC1 from inhibitory complexes that restrict spindle assembly.
Targeting cancer stem cells: protons versus photons
Authors: Dini Valentina , Belli Mauro , Tabocchini Maria Antonella
Published: August 2019

Recent studies on cancer stem cells revealed they are tumorigenic and able to recapitulate the characteristics of the tumour from which they derive, so that it was suggested that elimination of this population is essential to prevent recurrences after any treatment. However, there is evidence that cancer stem cells are inherently resistant to conventional (photon) radiotherapy. Since the use of proton beam therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly worldwide, mainly because of their excellent dosimetric properties, the possibility could be considered that they also have biological advantages through preferential elimination of cancer stem cells.

Indeed, a review of preclinical data suggest that protons and photons differ in their biological effects on cancer stem cells, with protons offering potential advantages, although the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells and the different proton irradiation modalities make the comparison of the results not so easy. Further research to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects is important for their possible exploitation in clinics and to perform proton beam therapy optimization.
Managing epilepsy in the school environment
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: August 2019

With one in 220 under-18s living with a form of epilepsy, the condition is one that school staff must understand and be able to manage. Drawing on guidance from UK epilepsy charities, this article provides some tenets of best practice that can be passed on to schools.
Caring for the carer of someone who has had a stroke: findings from an innovative project
Authors: Jarvis Alison , Smith Mark , McAlpine Lynsey , Gillespie David C
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims

Going into and coming out of hospital can be an uncertain and sometimes emotional experience for carers as well as patients. Many carers feel insufficiently involved and unsupported in the discharge process. However, we know that if hospital discharge is well-planned and the right services put in place then there is a much greater likelihood of the cared for person remaining at home with carer support and the carer feeling able to continue in their caring role. The aim of this article is to analyse an intervention that provided unpaid stroke carers with tailored support to meet their needs and prepare them for the discharge of their stroke survivor.

Methods

A carer support worker focused on the needs of carers of inpatients in an integrated stroke unit. The impact of the service was measured using the Caregiver Strain Index and the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, together with carer self-ratings as to whether and/or how their needs were met.

Results

The most common outcomes, in order of reported importance were: confidence in accessing services, confidence in caring, requiring specific information, and the ability to improve or maintain their own wellbeing. Bed days saved and reductions in post-discharge packages of care were estimated. The median reduction in length of stay was 9 days, and potential savings were calculated at £35 367 during the 19-month study period.

Conclusions

A dedicated support service for unpaid stroke carers was effective in addressing carers' unmet needs and delivered health care cost savings.
Advancing our health: A guide to the new prevention strategy
Authors: Hancock David
Published: August 2019

The newly published green paper on equipping people to be co-creators of their own health is now open for consultation. David Hancock highlights aspects of interest to health visitors
Personal stories improve standard of care and resident wellbeing
Authors: Huijg Josanne
Published: August 2019

Getting to know the life experiences and wishes of older people can help staff provide more meaningful experiences for residents and improve their quality of life. Josanne Huijg discusses the results from a pilot project on using residents' narratives in the provision of care
How to … prepare the care home for a heatwave
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: August 2019

Summers have been becoming increasingly warm in the past decades and the chances of a heatwave are higher. While the warm weather can be enjoyable, it is important to protect residents against the heat, Adrian Ashurst explains how.
Children’s Play and Physical Activity in Traditional and Forest (Natural) Playgrounds
Authors: Torkar Gregor , Rejc Aljosa
Published: August 2019

Early childhood is a crucial period for the physical and cognitive development of children. A child's exposure to nature is proven to be beneficial in this period of human life. The aim of the present research was to investigate children’s play and physical activity on a traditional playground and on a forest (natural) playground. Twenty-five observations took place on the traditional playground, and twenty-five observations were recorded on the forest playground. Twenty-five participating preschool children were observed in both playgrounds, but not necessarily in the same order. Research findings confirmed important qualities of natural playgrounds that provide children with a wide range of playing and learning opportunities not available on other playgrounds. Children were playing more with different natural materials in the forest playground and they more frequently played different chasing games and hide and seek in the forest playground. Participating children were also more physically active on the forest playground, and boys were more active on the forest playground than girls. The research concludes that it is important for preschool teachers to use natural playgrounds frequently and with regularity. Research design in this article is also an example of how GPS trackers can be beneficial for educational research.
PORT TERMINAL IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF BRAZIL: DECISION ABOUT PUBLIC PORT OR PRIVATE USE TERMINAL
Authors: Pereira Felipe George Gomes , Botter Rui Carlos , Robles Leo Tadeau
Published: August 2019

Brazil plays an important role in the world’s trade of agricultural grains, notably soybeans. Recently, Brazilian production of soybeans has moved to the central-western and northern regions, thus creating a demand for new outflow routes for export. This paper discusses the decision factors for the implementation of specialized port terminals located in the northeast and north of the country, specifically in the area known as Arco Norte. As a methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) decision tool is used. This involves applying a questionnaire to port experts and managers to identify and classify decision criteria for investments in the possible alternatives available in Brazil’s regulatory legislation: leasing of structures in a public port terminal or implementing a private terminal. The results show Port Location (54%) as the most relevant criteria, followed by Economic and Financial (27.8%), Performance and Dimensioning (11.2%), and Contract and Legislation (6.9%) criteria. The study pointed to the investment priority the mode Private Use Terminals, which is confirmed by the country’s recent investment in port terminals which has been effective.
STRATEGIC ENHANCEMENT OF WORKPLACE SAFETY IN SMALL SCALE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES USING AHP APPROACH
Authors: Singh Lakhwinder Pal , Singh Satnam
Published: August 2019

Despite progress in technology, workplace safety in small scale manufacturing industries (SSMIs) still lacks the required attention. Occupational safety of workers is one of the major concerns for organizations as it involves a number of factors that affect many direct and indirect costs of the industry. To this end, the current study was conducted in order to determine the key factors that affect workplace safety. A total of nine main factors and twenty-two sub-factors were identified and then prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Opinions from experienced and proficient experts were recorded on a framed questionnaire for all the above factors. The effectiveness of the study was ensured by maintaining a consistency ratio of less than 10% for the factors and sub-factors. The factor personal protective equipment was found to have the highest Eigen vector of 27.4%, and therefore the highest priority. Organizational attributes and hygiene are the factors that demand the next level of priority, whereas, equipment and hand tools safety and machine guarding, and material handling are the factors requiring the least priority. The outcome of this analysis enables the small scale manufacturing industries to effectively implement safety measures by giving priority to the factors in the order specified by the study. This would empower the organizational safety standards and benefit not only the employees but also the employers without considerable costs.
MASCARADOS DO BANDO ANUNCIADOR: A CULTURA FEIRENSE ATRAVÉS DE NARRATIVAS VISUAIS FOTOGRÁFICAS
Authors: Amorim Robson Bastos
Published: August 2019

Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver através do levantamento e estudo das fotografias do festejo do Bando Anunciador da festa de Nossa Senhora Santana, uma análise etnográfica que possibilite a provável identificação de traços de uma identidade feirense. Isto porque as descrições dos povos da região se pautam apenas nos descendentes europeus, excluindo os povos negros que habitavam anteriormente a região. Para essa abordagem etnográfica, utilizaremos um processo de fragmentação e observação dos símbolos nas imagens fotográficas, que irão apontar peculiaridades do festejo analisado, onde ocorram similaridades com outros movimentos de mascarados da Bahia que tenham forte influência dos povos de origem africana como o Zambiapunga das cidades de Taperoá, Valença, Nilo Peçanha e Cairú de origem dos povos bantus. Dessa maneira o presente estudo que tem como objeto central o Bando dos Mascarados, que contribui com um registro etnográfico, e na formação da identidade popular feirense face a cultura afro-brasileira presente no desenhar destes festejos.
O DESENHO INFANTIL NO ENSINO DAS ARTES VISUAIS: CRIATIVIDADE, IMAGINAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO SUBJETIVA
Authors: Carvalho Ana Tereza Cerqueira
Published: August 2019

Este texto traz considerações acerca do desenho infantil enquanto produção criadora que envolve pensamento, criatividade, imaginação e conotações simbólicas, e por meio da qual a criança manifesta uma percepção subjetiva do meio que a cerca e ressignifica os valores culturais que o permeiam. Destacaremos algumas questões relacionados ao ensino da arte no ensino fundamental I e nos direcionaremos a efetuar, sob os pressupostos da Semiótica, uma análise dirigida a desenhos realizados por crianças inseridas no contexto do ensino das artes visuais, no ensino fundamental I, articulando princípios teóricos e uma leitura reflexiva.
O DESENHO COMO LINGUAGEM E SEUS OBSTÁCULOS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS EM COLEÇÕES DE MATEMÁTICA DE OSVALDO SANGIORGI
Authors: Conceição Jucineide dos Santos
Published: August 2019

Este estudo aponta o Desenho como linguagem e considera a função de alguns elementos deste saber, pesquisados por Nascimento (1999). Nesta investigação foram analisadas duas coleções de Matemática do autor Osvaldo Sangiorgi; “Matemática curso Ginasial” e “Matemática Curso Moderno” publicadas entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970, período do Movimento Matemática Moderna no Brasil. A realização desta pesquisa tem os objetivos de: investigar a presença dos elementos do Desenho nestas coleções publicadas pela Companhia Editora Nacional. Analisar o estímulo ao desenvolvimento das funções dos elementos do Desenho como linguagem para o ensino de Matemática nos livros em questão. E levantar os possíveis obstáculos epistemológicos do Desenho (obstáculos ao conhecimento científico do Desenho) que interferem no aprendizado, nestes livros, a luz de Bachelard (1996). Para a execução desta tarefa, foi trilhado o caminho da investigação bibliográfica, do estudo qualitativo e comparativo entre os volumes das duas coleções analisadas. Desta forma foi possível conhecer quais aspectos do Desenho foram privilegiados na linguagem destes livros. Constatou-se que o uso do Desenho pouco se enveredou para o desenvolvimento da expressão, visualização e organização do pensamento. E uma abordagem do Desenho com privilégio para a representação geométrica e a ilustração.
MEMÓRIA DA VANGUARDA: SOBRE O ENSINO DE DESIGN NA BAHIA
Authors: Da Paz Lucas Santana
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisas para projeto de Iniciação Científica, o qual se propõe a investigar quais foram as metodologias de ensino de Linguagens Visuais eleitas para a inauguração do ensino de Design na Bahia. A metodologia indiciária ou venatória (GINZBURG, 1989) como método de interpretação dos documentos nos permite pensar amplamente os elementos de contextualização histórica - o que considera não apenas a interpretação do texto linguístico, mas inclui seu suporte, soluções visuais para a confecção dos projetos e iconografia. Assim, como o projeto ainda se encontra em fase exploratória, o objetivo deste artigo é dar notícia à comunidade acadêmica da existência, dos achados e do andamento da presente pesquisa. Durante o início da pesquisa exploratória, foi de imediato identificada a escassez de pesquisas científicas sobre o tema. Até o presente momento, a análise dos documentos tem se concentrado naqueles que, mais antigos, dizem respeito à fundação do primeiro curso de Design na Bahia pela UNEB - Universidade do Estado da Bahia, em 1986. Trata-se aqui, portanto, de uma primeira análise crítica deste documento fundante do curso de Design, abordando suas argumentações políticas, industriais e pedagógicas.
O DESENHO E O DESIGN DE MODA: DA IDEIA AO PRODUTO
Authors: Pereira Gisela Friaça de Souza
Published: August 2019

Este artigo fundamenta-se em uma pesquisa em andamento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design da PUC-Rio, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Félix da Costa. Tem como objeto analisar a dificuldade dos alunos de Faculdades de Design de Moda na transposição de uma representação mental para uma representação real (desenho de moda/ilustração de moda, desenho técnico). Tal dificuldade redunda em um produto final - a roupa -, na maioria das vezes, desvinculado da representação mental geradora da ideia. Objetiva-se propor subsídios facilitadores para o trânsito livre na tríade proposta: ideia–desenho–produto. O ponto de partida deste estudo é a observação desta dificuldade em sala de aula, a investigação e a identificação dos fatores que dificultam esta transposição, tendo como suporte a aplicação de algumas técnicas artísticas tradicionais, a partir de experimentação, com o intuito de promover a liberação de fatores que bloqueiam a criatividade do aluno e que desenvolvem a visão espacial. Um estudo de caso corrobora os aspectos apresentados neste artigo
Diagramas na aprendizagem de projeto industrial em engenharia de alimentos
Authors: Piras Pablo Rodrigo Fica
Published: August 2019

Sete estudantes desenvolveram, em uma disciplina conectada com a elaboraçãodo Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso em Engenharia de Alimentos, durante trêsaulas semanais, o projeto de uma indústria e um serviço de alimentação vis-à-vis a representação visual de cada unidade em diagramas. Foram indagadas asreflexões que cada diagrama (de blocos, de equipamentos, lay-out, de gastoenergético e isométrico de instalações) possibilitou no desenvolvimento de umaestrutura industrial de beneficiamento de alimentos, em projetos de unidades deprodução de queijo recheado, pão sem glúten, polpa detox, vegetais minimamente processados, iogurte e queijo, floco de milho e alimentação fora do lar. Com número diferente de respostas para cada um, todas as avaliações da utilização de fluxogramas na concepção dos diferentes projetos em elaboração confirmaram o estímulo à antecipação do detalhamento e harmonização de detalhes industriais. Além da intervinculação entre diagramas, houve menções às percepções quepermitiram aproximar-se do projeto industrial,:a internalização ou externalização de etapas no processamento (fluxograma de blocos), as especificações de equipamentos (blocos e equipamentos), a identificação da natureza matricial das entradas e saídas (blocos e equipamentos), a necessidade de novos equipamentos (energia) e o transporte no processamento de grandes volumes de material (isométrico).
AS CIDADES DA CIDADE
Authors: Ribeiro Tatiane Alves
Published: August 2019

O texto é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado “A cidade e suas re(a)presentações: o vídeo enquanto tela de manifestação e criação de (im)possíveis2” realizada no período entre 2015 e 2017 na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Com base em alguns conceitos/teorias propostos por filósofos, geógrafos e especialistas em audiovisual, foram cartografadas imagens de duas cidades localizadas no interior da Bahia: Araci e Feira de Santana. A partir da (des)construção da palavra/conceito representar iniciou-se uma busca por novas possibilidades, uma aventura por trechos videográficos produzidos em oficinas de audiovisual, foco dessa pesquisa, no que concerne à produção de dados: corpos a experienciar outras visualidades da paisagem. Uma busca por um tipo de imagem, múltipla em sentidos e sensações, por gagueiras na narrativa e (des)enquadramentos.