bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entomotoxic efficacy of fungus-synthesized nanoparticles against immature stages of stored bean pests
Authors: Helmy Eman Ahmed Mohamed , San Phyu Phyu , Zhang Yao Zhuo , Adarkwah Charles , Tuda Midori
Published: May 2023

Nanopesticides, particularly biosynthesized ones using organic reductants, hold great promise as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. However, their efficacy on stored product pests, which can cause damage to dried grains, has not been extensively tested, especially on immature stages. Here, we biosynthesized six types of nanoparticles (NPs) using extracts from the fungus Fusarium solani: silver (AgNPs), selenium (SeNPs), silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs), copper oxide (CuONPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) ranging in size from 8 to 33 nm. To test their efficacy on stored bean pests, they were applied to the eggs and larvae of pest beetles Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), which burrow into seeds as larvae. Susceptibility to the NPs was species-dependent and differed between developmental stages; eggs were more susceptible than larvae inhabiting in seeds. SeNPs and TiO2NPs reduced the hatchability of C. chinensis eggs by 23% and 18% compared to the control, respectively, leading to an 18% reduction in egg-to-adult survival by SeNPs. In C. maculatus, TiO2NPs applied to eggs reduced larva-to-adult survivorship by 11%, resulting in a 15% reduction in egg-to-adult survival. The egg mass of C. chinensis was 23% smaller than that of C. maculatus: the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio of the C. chinensis eggs could explain their higher acute mortality caused by the NPs compared to C. maculatus eggs. The biosynthesized SeNPs and TiO2NPs have potential for controlling major stored bean pests when applied to their eggs. This is the first to show the efficacy of biosynthesized SeNPs and TiO2NPs on stored product pests and the efficacy of Fusarium-synthesized NPs on insects.
Alteration in molecular properties during establishment and passaging of endometrial carcinoma patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Imai Toshio , Yoshida Hiroshi , Machida Yukino , Kuramochi Mizuki , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kubo Takashi , Takahashi Mami , Kato Tomoyasu
Published: May 2023

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models are known to maintain the genomic and phenotypic profiles, including the histopathological structures, of the parental tumors. On the other hand, unique enrichment of single-nucleotide variants or copy number aberrations has been reported in several types of tumors. However, an understanding of endometrial carcinoma PDXs is limited. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the presence or absence of the molecular properties of endometrial carcinomas in PDXs passaged up to eight times. Established PDXs of endometrioid carcinomas maintained their histopathological characteristics, but those of carcinosarcomas predominantly consisted of sarcomatous components when compared to the parental tumors. Alterations in the proportion of cells with positive/negative immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor, PTEN, PAX8, and PAX2 were observed, whereas the proportions of cells with AE1/AE3, TP53, ARID1A, PMS2, and MSH6 staining were unchanged. Variants of cancer-associated genes were compared between PDXs and parental tumors. Mutations in POLE and a frameshift deletion in BRCA1 were observed in the parental tumor tissue in each of the six cases, and additional genomic alterations, which were not apparently related to histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations, were found in the PDXs of these cases. The genomic and phenotypic alterations observed between endometrial carcinoma PDXs and parental tumors were partly associated with endometrial cancer-specific characteristics related to cellular differentiation and gene mutations.
Two step I to II type transitions in layered Weyl semi-metals and their impact on superconductivity
Authors: Rosenstein Baruch , Shapiro B. Ya.
Published: May 2023

Novel “quasi two dimensional” typically layered (semi) metals offer a unique opportunity to control the density and even the topology of the electronic matter. Along with doping and gate voltage, a robust tuning is achieved by application of the hydrostatic pressure. In Weyl semi-metals the tilt of the dispersion relation cones, $$\kappa ,$$

κ
,

increases with pressure, so that one is able to reach type II ($$\kappa >1$$

κ
>
1

starting from the more conventional type I Weyl semi-metals $$\kappa <1$$

κ
<
1

. The microscopic theory of such a transition is constructed. It is found that upon increasing pressure the I to II transition occurs in two continuous steps. In the first step the cones of opposite chirality coalesce so that the chiral symmetry is restored, while the second transition to the Fermi surface extending throughout the Brillouin zone occurs at higher pressures. Flattening of the band leads to profound changes in Coulomb screening. Superconductivity observed recently in wide range of pressure and chemical composition in Weyl semi-metals of both types. The phonon theory of pairing including the Coulomb repulsion for a layered material is constructed and applied to recent extensive experiments on $$HfTe_{5}$$

H
f
T

e
5

.
GO nanoparticles mitigate the negative effects of salt and alkalinity stress by enhancing gas exchange and photosynthetic efficiency of strawberry plants
Authors: Malekzadeh Mohammad Reza , Roosta Hamid Reza , Kalaji Hazem M.
Published: May 2023

Considering the potential use of nanomaterials, particularly carbon-based nanostructures, in agriculture, we conducted a study to investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on strawberry plants under salinity and alkalinity stress conditions. We used GO concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 50 mg/L, and applied stress treatments at three levels: without stress, salinity (80 mM NaCl), and alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3). Our results indicate that both salinity and alkalinity stress negatively impacted the gas exchange parameters of the strawberry plants. However, the application of GO significantly improved these parameters. Specifically, GO increased PI, Fv, Fm, and RE0/RC parameters, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in the plants. Moreover, the use of GO significantly increased the early yield and dry weight of leaves and roots. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of GO can enhance the photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants, and improve their resistance to stress conditions.
Survival of patients with cancers of the female genital organs in Poland, 2000–2019
Authors: Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano , Wojciechowska Urszula , Michalek Irmina Maria , Didkowska Joanna
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to estimate cancer survival in Poland between 2000 and 2019 for malignant neoplasms of female genital organs (FGO). We calculated survival in cancer of vulva, vagina, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, ovary, and other unspecified female genital organs. Data were obtained from the Polish National Cancer Registry. We estimated age-standardized 5- and 10-year net survival (NS) with the life table method and the Pohar-Perme estimator using the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Overall, 231,925 FGO cancer cases were included in the study. The overall FGO age-standardized 5-year NS was 58.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.9–58.5%) and the 10-year NS 51.5% (51.5–52.3%). Between 2000 and 2004 and 2015–2018, the highest statistically significant increase in age-standardized 5-year survival was noted for ovarian cancer at + 5.6% (P < 0.001). The FGO cancer median survival time was 8.8 years (8.6–8.9 years), with a standardized mortality rate of 6.1 (6.0–6.1), and with cause-specific years of life lost at 7.8 years (7.7–7.8 years). Hazard ratios (HR) increased with age at diagnosis (HR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, P = 0.001). Although FGO cancer survivorship has been consistently improving during the last twenty years, additional efforts need to be undertaken to improve survivorship in several FGO cancers.
Multi biomarker approach to assess manganese and manganese nanoparticles toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Thorat Supriya Tukaram , Reddy Kotha Sammi
Published: May 2023

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans and animals including, fish. It is a still poorly studied in aquatic organisms, where it can be noticeably useful for dietary components and also found pollutant in aquatic environment at high concentrations. On the above information, an experiment was delineated to determine the lethal concentration of manganese (Mn) and manganese nanoparticles (Mn-NPs) alone and with high temperature (34 °C) and its effect on various biochemical markers in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The median lethal concentration (96-LC50) of Mn alone (111.75 mg L−1) and along with high temperature (110.76 mg L−1), Mn-NPs alone (93.81 mg L−1) and with high temperature (34 °C) (92.39 mg L−1) was determined in P. hypophthalmus. The length and weight of the fish were 6.32 ± 0.23 cm and 7.57 ± 1.35 g. The present investigation used five hundred forty-six fish, including range finding (216 fish) and definitive test (330 fish). The acute definitive doses were applied to assess the effect of oxidative stress, glycolytic biomarkers, protein biomarkers, fish immunity, neurotransmitter, energy level, stress hormone and histopathology. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase), stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, cortisol, heat shock protein, and blood glucose), lactate and malate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, a neurotransmitter, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), ATPase, immune system biomarkers (NBT, total protein, albumin, globulin and A:G ratio) were altered with exposure to Mn and Mn-NPs. The histopathology of the liver and gill were also changed due to exposure to Mn and Mn-NPs. The bioaccumulation of Mn in the liver, gill, kidney, brain and muscle tissues, and experimental water at different intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined. Based on the present results, it is strongly suggested that Mn and Mn-NPs exposure alone and with high temperature (34 °C) enhanced toxicity and altered biochemical and morphological attributes. This study also suggested that essential elements in both forms (inorganic and nano) at higher concentrations of Mn and Mn-NPs lead to pronounced deleterious alteration in cellular and metabolic activities and histopathology of P. hypophthalmus.
Coincidence measurements of two quantum-correlated photon pairs widely separated in the frequency domain
Authors: Hojo Masayuki , Tani Shuntaro , Kobayashi Yohei , Tanaka Koichiro
Published: May 2023

Quantum correlation is a key concept characterizing the properties of quantum light sources and is important for developing quantum applications with superior performance. In particular, it enables photon pairs that are widely separated in the frequency domain, one in the visible region, the other in the infrared region, to be used for quantum infrared sensing without direct detection of infrared photons. Here, simultaneous multiwavelength and broadband phase matching in a nonlinear crystal could provide versatile photon-pairs source for broadband infrared quantum sensing. This paper describes direct generation and detection of two quantum-correlated photon pairs produced via simultaneous phase-matched processes in periodic crystals. These simultaneous photon pairs provide a correlated state with two frequency modes in a single pass. To confirm the correlation, we constructed an infrared-photon counting system with two repetition-synchronized fiber lasers. We performed coincidence measurements between two pairs, 980 nm and 3810 nm, and 1013 nm and 3390 nm, which yielded coincidence-to-accidental ratios of 6.2 and 6.5, respectively. We believe that our novel correlated light source with two separate pairs in the visible and infrared region complements a wide-range of multi-dimensional quantum infrared processing applications.
Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound
Authors: Yang Yaoheng , Yuan Jinyun , Field Rachael L. , Ye Dezhuang , Hu Zhongtao , Xu Kevin , Xu Lu , Gong Yan , Yue Yimei , Kravitz Alexxai V. , Bruchas Michael R. , Cui Jianmin , Brestoff Jonathan R. , Chen Hong
Published: May 2023

Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the noninvasive, precise and safe induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by remote transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the hypothalamus preoptic area (POA). We achieve a long-lasting (>24 h) torpor-like state in mice via closed-loop feedback control of ultrasound stimulation with automated detection of body temperature. Ultrasound-induced hypothermia and hypometabolism (UIH) is triggered by activation of POA neurons, involves the dorsomedial hypothalamus as a downstream brain region and subsequent inhibition of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. We also demonstrate that UIH is feasible in a non-torpid animal, the rat. Our findings establish UIH as a promising technology for the noninvasive and safe induction of a torpor-like state.
Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Fu Yao , Lozier M. Susan , Biló Tiago Carrilho , Bower Amy S. , Cunningham Stuart A. , Cyr Frédéric , de Jong M. Femke , deYoung Brad , Drysdale Lewis , Fraser Neil , Fried Nora , Furey Heather H. , Han Guoqi , Handmann Patricia , Holliday N. Penny , Holte James , Inall Mark E. , Johns William E. , Jones Sam , Karstensen Johannes , Li Feili , Pacini Astrid , Pickart Robert S. , Rayner Darren , Straneo Fiammetta , Yashayaev Igor
Published: May 2023

Understanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.
Continuous roller nanoimprinting: next generation lithography
Authors: Peng Zhiting , Zhang Yage , Choi Chin Long Ronald , Zhang Pengcheng , Wu Tianzhun , Chan Yau Kei
Published: May 2023

Experience the future of lithography with roller nano imprinting, the revolutionary technology that will revolutionize our production processes.
The alternate ligand Jagged enhances the robustness of Notch signaling patterns
Authors: Mukherjee Mrinmoy , Levine Herbert
Published: May 2023

At low dose Jagged acts synergistically with Delta to enable more robust lateral induction pattern formation. It also helps to suppress the possibility of obtaining an antihexagon pattern and increases the order in the patterns.
Supercritical CO2-assisted fabrication of CM-PDA/SF/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds for bone regeneration and chemo-photothermal therapy against osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Ruijia , Min Yajun , Li Guanlin , Chen Shilu , Xie Maobin , Zhao Zheng
Published: May 2023

The CM-PDA/SF/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds could improve bone defect regeneration and achieve chemo-photothermal synergistic effects against osteosarcoma, thus have potential for application in osteosarcoma treatment and bone defect repair.
Self-assembly of benzophenone-diphenylalanine conjugate into a nanostructured photocatalyst
Authors: Adorinni Simone , Goti Giulio , Rizzo Lorenzo , Grassi Federica , Kralj Slavko , Matroodi Fatima , Natali Mirco , De Zorzi Rita , Marchesan Silvia , Dell’Amico Luca
Published: May 2023

The conjugation of photoactive benzophenone with diphenylalanine yielded a self-assembling photocatalyst that was probed in the E → Z photoisomerisation of stilbene derivatives.
A mesoporous Zr-based metal–organic framework driven by the assembly of an octatopic linker
Authors: Ortín-Rubio Borja , Perona-Bermejo Cristina , Suárez del Pino José A. , Carmona Francisco J. , Gándara Felipe , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Juanhuix Judith , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: May 2023

We present BCN-348, a new high-connected MOF built from an 8-c cubic Zr-oxocluster and an 8-c organic linker. BCN-348 shows a 3,4,8-c eps net, mesoporosity, hydrolytic stability, and acts as a catalyst for hydrolysis of a nerve-agent simulant.
Modulation of bulk and surface electronic structures for oxygen evolution by Cr, P co-doped Co3S4
Authors: Chen Yiting , Zhang Xiaoyun , Ma Xiaoshuang , Wang Yuqiao
Published: May 2023

Cr, P co-doped Co3S4 realized the regulation of bulk and surface electronic structures for enhanced catalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction.
Formate electrosynthesis from aqueous carbon dioxide over Pb–Zn catalysts with a core–shell structure
Authors: Wang Qilong , Guan Yayu , Liu Yuyu , Ning Fanghua , Liu Minmin , Yi Jin , Wu Kai
Published: May 2023

The lead zinc core-shell structure catalyst exhibits several advantages, including a high specific surface area, faster ECR kinetics, and synergistic effect between Pb and Zn which enhance the selectivity of carbon dioxide electrocatalytic production of formate.
The molecular mechanism of three novel peptides from C-phycocyanin alleviates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease-like pathology in zebrafish
Authors: Xu Feng-hua , Qiu Yue-zi , Zhang Yun , Yang Fang-hao , Ji Min-min , Liu Ke-chun , Jin Meng , Zhang Shan-shan , Li Bing
Published: May 2023

This study aims to highlight the neuroprotective effects of three novel peptides and provide valuable mechanistic insights and a promising drug target for the treatment of PD.
Dietary intake patterns during pregnancy and excessive gestational weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: You Zhuying , Shan Lishen , Cheng Sijie , Xia Yang , Zhao Yuhong , Zhang Hehua , Zhao Zhiying
Published: May 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dietary patterns and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) were conducted to recommend healthy dietary patterns instead of unhealthy dietary patterns for pregnant women to prevent EGWG.
Recent advances in the heterogeneous photochemical synthesis of C–N bonds
Authors: Wang Jinming , Liu Yichang , Zong Xupeng , Lei Aiwen , Sun Zaicheng
Published: May 2023

Photocatalyst has been developed as an effective tool for C–N coupling due to high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and low energy comsume.
Ultrasound-triggered in situ gelation with ROS-controlled drug release for cartilage repair
Authors: Wu Shunli , Zhang Hao , Wang Sicheng , Sun Jinru , Hu Yan , Liu Han , Liu Jinlong , Chen Xiao , Zhou Fengjin , Bai Long , Wang Xiuhui , Su Jiacan
Published: May 2023

A novel strategy to prepare an in situ nanocomposite FLPKT hydrogel is proposed, in which ultrasound-triggered in situ gelation using ROS is a regulatory mechanism. Moreover, ROS generation and KGN release effectively improved cartilage regeneration.
An oPD-CD doped zirconium-based metal–organic frame composite fluorescence probe for efficient and selective detection of nitric oxide
Authors: Zhang Botao , Ding Liyun , Zhang Yumei , Wang Shiyuan , Jiang Xingdong , Ma Fei , Zhao Jue
Published: May 2023

A novel composite fluorescence probe (oPD-CDs@UiO-66-NH2) was successfully prepared for NO detection in the aqueous phase, where carbon quantum dots with NO recognition units were doped in a hydrothermally stable metal–organic framework material.
Composition regulation of nickel selenide and its effects on the catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Huachen , Zheng Shengbiao , Tang Jing , Chen Rui , Yang Jingjing , Tong Wenjing , Guo Jiahao
Published: May 2023

Five nickel selenides were obtained by regulating the preparation conditions. Ni1−xSe and c-NiSe2 present excellent ORR activity and better durability and methanol tolerance than Pt/C. The ORR process is dominated by a 4-electron pathway.
Enhanced photocatalytic CO2reduction on biomineralized CdSviaan electron conduit in bacteria
Authors: Liu Juan , Guo Xiaoxiao , He Liuyang , Jiang Li-Ping , Zhou Yang , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: May 2023

The bio-electron transferviaan electron conduit in the electroactive bacterium MR-1 inhibited charge recombination and photocorrosion of CdS, resulting in a high photocatalytic production rate of formate in an all-inorganic aqueous environment.
Estimating the heating of complex nanoparticle aggregates for magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Ortega-Julia Javier , Ortega Daniel , Leliaert Jonathan
Published: May 2023

With application in magnetic hyperthermia treatment planning, this study shows that the heat released per particle under AC fields stagnates in clusters comprising 20 nanoparticles or more. This heat can be predicted using their fractal parameters.
UV-curable polyurethane-acrylate hybrids made by a prepolymer-free process and free-standing polymer–metal oxide films made in a wholly water-based UV curing process
Authors: Dsouza Roshan F. , Parthiban Anbanandam
Published: May 2023

UV curing formulations obtained by acid base interaction between tertiary amine containing urethane and acrylic acid.
Recent advances in MXenes: a promising 2D material for photocatalysis
Authors: Shah Noor , Wang Xinyu , Tian Jian
Published: May 2023

We focus on the recent development of the synthesis and properties of MXene, current challenges and the future possible directions to develop and enhance the catalytic performance of MXene for various environmental and energy demands.
Selenium-transition metal supported on a mixture of reduced graphene oxide and silica template for water splitting
Authors: Amin R. S. , Fetohi Amani E. , Khater D. Z. , Lin Jin , Wang Yanzhong , Wang Chao , El-Khatib K. M.
Published: May 2023

Exploration of economical, highly efficient, and environment friendly non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts is necessary for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) but challenging for cost-effective water splitting.
Isotope-encoded tetrahedral DNA for multiple SARS-CoV-2 variant diagnosis
Authors: Li Ziyan , Zhou Jing , Wang Chaoqun , Liu Rui , Hu Jianyu , Lv Yi
Published: May 2023

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed an unprecedented demand for accurate and cost-effective diagnostic assays to discriminate between different variants.
A Sillén oxyhalide SrBi3O4Cl3 as a promising photocatalyst for water splitting: impact of the asymmetric structure on light absorption and charge carrier dynamics
Authors: Suzuki Hajime , Ozaki Daichi , Ishii Yusuke , Tomita Osamu , Kato Daichi , Nozawa Shunsuke , Nakashima Kouichi , Saeki Akinori , Kageyama Hiroshi , Abe Ryu
Published: May 2023

We report a Sillén-type layered oxyhalide SrBi3O4Cl3 with asymmetric structure as a photocatalyst for visible-light-induced water splitting, due to the Bi–Bi interaction across the single halogen layer and the electrostatic destabilization of Cl in the double halogen layer.
3PTZ and 3PXZ small molecular hole-transporting materials in polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Shin Dong Su , Park Young Jae , Lee Jae Hyeon , Kim Ji-Yeon , Lee Hyunbok , Kim Kitae , Yi Yeonjin , Kwon Ji Eon , Lee Kyunam , Park Soo Young , Yim Sang-Youp , Park Donghee , Son Dong Ick
Published: May 2023

The fabricated polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with new small molecular hole transport layers, 1,3,5-tri(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl) benzene (3PTZ) and 1,3,5-tri(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl) benzene (3PXZ).
Singlet exciton and singlet/triplet self-trapped excitons for ultra-broadband white-light emission in a zero-dimensional cadmium bromide hybrid
Authors: Gao Huizhi , Lu Zhuoya , Zhao Xingxing , Zhang Ke , Zhu Xudong , Cheng Rixin , Li Shi-Li , Qi Zhikai , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: May 2023

A new zero-dimensional hybrid Cd-based metal halide featuring isolated CdBr4 tetrahedra segregated by luminescent organic templates shows UV-excited ultra-broadband white light emission with a CRI of 98 and a PLQY of 23.46%.
Nanostructured TiO2for improving the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency
Authors: Wang Cong , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal
Published: May 2023

Nanostructural engineering of TiO2is an effective strategy to enhance its photoactivity. The different dimensional structured TiO2and the effect of dimensionality on its photocatalytic performance were summarized.
Modulating Phonological Working Memory With Anodal High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Anterior Portion of the Supplementary Motor Area
Authors: Berglund-Barraza Amy , Carey Sarah , Hart John , Vanneste Sven , Evans Julia L.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Phonological working memory is key to vocabulary acquisition, spoken word recognition, real-time language processing, and reading. Transcranial direct current stimulation, when coupled with behavioral training, has been shown to facilitate speech motor output processes, a key component of nonword repetition, the primary task used to assess phonological working memory. In this study, we examined the efficacy of combining overt nonword repetition training with anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD tDCS) to the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) to enhance nonword repetition.

Objective:

This study investigated whether 20 min of active or sham anodal HD tDCS targeting preSMA concurrently with a nonword repetition task differentially impacted nonword repetition ability.

Method:

Twenty-eight neurotypical college-age adults (18–25 years; 19 females, eight males, one nonbinary) completed a 20-min nonword repetition training task where they received either active or sham 1-mA anodal HD tDCS to the preSMA while overtly repeating a list of four-, five-, six-, and seven-syllable English-like nonwords presented in a random order. Whole nonword accuracy and error patterns (phoneme and syllable) were measured prior to and following training.

Results:

Following training, both groups showed a decrease in nonword repetition accuracy. The drop in performance was significantly greater for the active stimulation group compared to the sham stimulation group at the four-syllable nonword length.

Discussion:

The findings suggest that targeting the speech motor component of nonword repetition through overt training and HD tDCS to the preSMA does not enhance phonological working memory ability.
The Moroccan Arabic Bedside Western Aphasia Battery–Revised: Linguistic and Psychometric Properties
Authors: El Ouardi Loubna , Yeou Mohamed , Rami Youssef , Belahsen Mohammed Faouzi
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The objectives of this study were (a) to linguistically and culturally adapt the English bedside version of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (Bedside WAB-R) into Moroccan Arabic (MA) and (b) to assess its psychometric properties.

Method:

The Bedside MA-WAB-R was piloted on a population of 20 participants after a process of linguistic adaptation from English to MA. To verify the psychometric properties of the test, a group of healthy controls (n= 106) and a group of persons with chronic aphasia (n= 52) completed the Bedside MA-WAB-R. The test's content validity, construct validity, and the concurrent validity of the aphasia classification system were examined. In addition, the interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of the instrument were evaluated.

Results:

The results indicated that the Bedside MA-WAB-R overall met standard criteria for excellent psychometric properties, as evinced by high content and construct validity and concurrent validity with independent measures of aphasia diagnosis (speech-language pathologists' impression and lesion location) as well as high internal consistency, inter- and intrarater reliability, and test–retest reliability. The test was also found to have very high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of aphasia, as revealed by the performance of controls. By controlling for age and educational level effects, specific cutoff values were determined to optimize the aphasia diagnosis.

Conclusions:

The Bedside MA-WAB-R is the first standardized quick aphasia assessment tool with associated psychometric properties for clinical use with an MA-speaking population, particularly within the 26- to 58-year age range. It meets standard criteria for a valid and reliable measure than can have a variety of clinical and research applications.
FlowMFD: Characterisation and classification of tor traffic using MFD chromatographic features and spatial–temporal modelling
Authors: He Liukun , Wang Liangmin , Cheng Keyang , Xu Yifan
Published: May 2023

Tor traffic tracking is valuable for combating cybercrime as it provides insights into the traffic active on the Tor network. Tor‐based application traffic classification is one of the tracking methods, which can effectively classify Tor application services. However, it is not effective in classifying specific applications due to more complicated traffic patterns in the spatial and temporal dimensions. As a solution, the authors propose FlowMFD, a novel Tor‐based application traffic classification approach using amount‐frequency‐direction (MFD) chromatographic features and spatial‐temporal modelling. Expressly, FlowMFD mines the interaction pattern between Tor applications and servers by analysing the time series features (TSFs) of different size packets. Then MFD chromatographic features (MFDCF) are designed to represent the pattern. Those features integrate multiple low‐dimensional TSFs into a single plane and retain most pattern information. In addition, FlowMFD utilises a cascaded model with a two‐dimensional convolutional neural network (2D‐CNN) and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit to capture spatial‐temporal dependencies between MFDCF. The authors evaluate FlowMFD under the public ISCXTor2016 dataset and the self‐collected dataset, where we achieve an accuracy of 92.1% (4.2%↑) and 88.3% (4.5%↑), respectively, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art comparison methods.
Interchange reconnection dynamics in a solar coronal pseudo-streamer
Authors: Pellegrin-Frachon T. , Masson S. , Pariat É. , Wyper P. F. , DeVore C. R.
Published: May 2023

Context.The generation of the slow solar wind remains an open problem in heliophysics. One of the current theories among those aimed at explaining the injection of coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium is based on interchange reconnection. It assumes that the exchange of magnetic connectivity between closed and open fields allows the injection of coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium to travel along the newly reconnected open field. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect is still poorly understood.

Aims.Our objective is to study this scenario in a particular magnetic structure of the solar corona: a pseudo-streamer. This topological structure lies at the interface between open and closed magnetic field and is thought to be involved in the generation of the slow solar wind.

Methods.We performed innovative 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar corona with a pseudo-streamer, using the Adaptively Refined MHD Solver (ARMS). By perturbing the quasi-steady ambient state with a simple photospheric, large-scale velocity flow, we were able to generate a complex dynamics of the open-and-closed boundary of the pseudo-streamer. We studied the evolution of the connectivity of numerous field lines to understand its precise dynamics.

Results.We witnessed different scenarios of opening of the magnetic field initially closed under the pseudo-streamer: one-step interchange reconnection dynamics, along with more complex scenarios, including a coupling between pseudo-streamer and helmet streamer, as well as back-and-forth reconnections between open and closed connectivity domains. Finally, our analysis revealed large-scale motions of a newly opened magnetic field high in the corona that may be explained by slipping reconnection.

Conclusions.By introducing a new analysis method for the magnetic connectivity evolution based on distinct closed-field domains, this study provides an understanding of the precise dynamics underway during the opening of a closed field, which enables the injection of closed-field, coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium. Further studies shall provide synthetic observations for these diverse outgoing flows, which could be measured by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
SRG/eROSITA X-ray shadowing study of giant molecular clouds
Authors: Yeung M. C. H. , Freyberg M. J. , Ponti G. , Dennerl K. , Sasaki M. , Strong A.
Published: May 2023

Context. SRG/eROSITA is situated in a halo orbit around L2 where the highly variable solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission from Earth’s magnetosheath is expected to be negligible. The soft X-ray foreground emissions from the local hot bubble (LHB) and the remaining heliospheric SWCX emissions could be studied in unprecedented detail with eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS) data in a 6-month cadence and better spectral resolution than ROSAT.

Aims. We aim to use eRASS data of the sight lines towards three giant molecular clouds away from the Galactic plane to isolate and study the soft X-ray diffuse foreground emission. These X-ray shadows will serve as calibration baselines for the future three-dimensional structural study of the LHB.

Methods. We conducted spectral analysis on the diffuse X-ray spectra of these clouds from the first four eRASSs to estimate and separate the heliospheric SWCX contribution from the LHB emission.

Results. We find the density of the LHB to be independent of the sight line with ne ~ 4 × 10−3 cm−3, but not the temperature. We report a lower temperature of kTLHB = 0.084 ± 0.004 keV towards Chamaeleon II & III (Cha II & III) than Ophiuchus (Oph) and Corona Australis (CrA), in which we measured 0.102 ± 0.006 and 0.112 ± 0.009 keV, respectively. We measured the emission measure of the LHB to be ~2 × 10−3 cm−6 pc at medium Galactic latitudes (|b| ~ 20°). A monotonic increase in the SWCX contribution has been observed since the start of 2020, coincidental with the beginning of solar cycle 25. For Oph, SWCX has dominated the LHB in the 0.3−0.7 keV band intensity since eRASS2. We observed lower SWCX contributions in Cha II & III and CrA, consistent with the expected decreasing solar wind ion density at high heliographic latitudes.
AGN feedback in action in the molecular gas ring of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7172
Authors: Alonso Herrero A. , García-Burillo S. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Shimizu T. , Combes F. , Hicks E. K. S. , Davies R. , Ramos Almeida C. , García-Bernete I. , Hönig S. F. , Levenson N. A. , Packham C. , Bellocchi E. , Hunt L. K. , Imanishi M. , Ricci C. , Roche P.
Published: May 2023

We present new ALMA observations of the CO(3−2) transition and associated 854 μm continuum at 0.06 − 0.3″ resolution, together with new VLT/SINFONI observations of NGC 7172. This is a luminous (bolometric luminosity of ≃1044 erg s−1) Seyfert galaxy that belongs to the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). The ALMA CO(3−2) observations reveal the presence of a highly inclined cold molecular gas ring with an approximate radius of 3 − 4″ ≃ 540 − 720 pc, which is likely associated with an inner Lindblad resonance of a putative stellar bar. There are noncircular motions in the VLT/SINFONI [Si VI]λ1.96 μm and H2 at 2.12 μm, and ALMA CO(3−2) velocity fields. After subtracting the stellar velocity field, we detected [Si VI] blueshifted velocities of a few hundred km s−1 to the south of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) position. They trace outflowing ionized gas outside the plane of the galaxy and out to projected distances of ≃200 pc. The CO(3−2) position-velocity diagram along the kinematic minor axis displays noncircular motions with observed velocities of up to ∼150 km s−1. Assuming that these are taking place in the disk of the galaxy, the observed velocity signs imply that the molecular gas ring is not only rotating but also outflowing. We derived an integrated cold molecular gas mass outflow rate of ∼40 M⊙ yr−1 for the ring. Using the ALMA 854 μm extended emission map, we resolved a 32 pc radius torus with a gas mass of 8 × 105 M⊙. These torus properties are similar to other Seyfert galaxies in the GATOS sample. We measured a decreased cold molecular gas concentration in the nuclear-torus region relative to the circumnuclear region when compared to other less luminous Seyfert galaxies. We conclude that the effects of AGN feedback in NGC 7172, which are likely caused by the AGN wind and/or the moderate luminosity radio jet, are seen as a large-scale outflowing molecular gas ring and accompanying redistribution of molecular gas in the nuclear regions.
Langmuir waves associated with magnetic holes in the solar wind
Authors: Boldú J. J. , Graham D. B. , Morooka M. , André M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Karlsson T. , Souček J. , Píša D. , Maksimovic M.
Published: May 2023

Context.Langmuir waves (electrostatic waves near the electron plasma frequency) are often observed in the solar wind and may play a role in the energy dissipation of electrons. The largest amplitude Langmuir waves are typically associated with type II and III solar radio bursts and planetary foreshocks. In addition, Langmuir waves not related to radio bursts occur in the solar wind, but their source is not well understood. Langmuir waves have been observed inside isolated magnetic holes, suggesting that magnetic holes play an important role in the generation of Langmuir waves.

Aims.We provide the statistical distribution of Langmuir waves in the solar wind at different heliocentric distances. In particular, we investigate the relationship between magnetic holes and Langmuir waves. We identify possible source regions of Langmuir waves in the solar wind, other than radio bursts, by analyzing the local plasma conditions.

Methods.We analyzed data from Solar Orbiter’s Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) and Magnetometer (MAG) instruments. We used the triggered electric field snapshots and onboard statistical data (STAT) of the Time Domain Sampler (TDS) of RPW to identify Langmuir waves and investigate their properties. The plasma densities were derived from the spacecraft potential estimated by RPW. The MAG data were used to monitor the background magnetic field and detect magnetic holes, which are defined as regions with an isolated decrease in |B| of 50% or more compared to the background level. The statistical analysis was performed on data from 2020 to 2021, comprising heliocentric distances between 0.5 AU and 1 AU.

Results.We show that 78% of the Langmuir waves in the solar wind not connected to radio bursts occur in regions of local magnetic field depletions, including the regions classified as isolated magnetic holes. We also show that the Langmuir waves occur more frequently inside magnetic holes than in any other region in the solar wind, which indicates that magnetic holes are important source regions of solar wind Langmuir waves. We find that Langmuir waves associated with magnetic holes in the solar wind typically have lower amplitudes than those associated with radio bursts.
Optical solitons and conservation laws for the concatenation model with spatio-temporal dispersion (internet traffic regulation)
Authors: Arnous Ahmed H. , Biswas Anjan , Kara Abdul H. , Yıldırım Yakup , Moraru Luminita , Iticescu Catalina , Moldovanu Simona , Alghamdi Abdulah A.
Published: May 2023

This paper presents optical solitons with the concatenation model having spatio-temporal and chromatic dispersions. This model can advantageously curtail the Internet bottleneck effect. Two integration schemes yield these solitons. By utilizing the multipliers approach, the conservation laws are also derived.
Joint effect of selling price and promotional efforts on retailer’s inventory control policy with trade credit, time-dependent holding cost, and partial backlogging under inflation
Authors: Kumar Sharad , Singh S.R. , Agarwal Seema , Yadav Dharmendra
Published: May 2023

Technology improvements in the retail industry influence the buying behaviours of customers. In the retail industry, it has been observed that the selling price of goods and promotional efforts influence a customer’s choice. In the retail sector, the popularity of financing schemesi.e., trade credit offered by suppliers rather than financial institutions has also grown. Taking such a scenario into consideration and with reference to the retail sector, an inventory model has been developed for non-instantaneous deteriorating items. Effect of inflation also incorporated in model. Customers’ demand is affected by the selling price of the product and the retailer’s promotional efforts. During a shortage period, the backlogging rate of demand is considered a function of the waiting period. The retailer can also take advantage of a trade credit facility provided by the supplier. Furthermore, holding cost is time-dependent, and an investment is made to reduce ordering cost. Various theoretical results are obtained that maximize the retailer’s total profit. To gain better managerial insights, sensitive analysis and numerical examples are provided. The results indicate that the retailer’s profit increases as the trade credit period increases. Further, the profit of the retailer increases if the retailer deals in products with a longer non-deteriorating period. Time-dependent holding cost shows a significant impact on the profit of retail. In addition to this, different existing papers in literature show the special case of the current model.
Analysis of series–parallel system’s sensitivity in context of components failures
Authors: Shivani  , Ram Mangey , Goyal Nupur , Kumar Akshay
Published: May 2023

This research examines the reliability characteristics of a broad series–parallel system. Complex system, having elements in series and parallel configuration is considered here to compute the reliability. Due to the failure of component, the system can either breakdown or can work with reduced frequency. To analyze the effect of component failure, sensitivity of the system with respect to reliability parameters is analyzed. In this study, generally distributed and exponentially distributed repair rates are taken into consideration from failed state to the working state of the system. The mathematical model of the designed structure is developed using Markov process and supplementary variable technique. The comparative study of the system availability and its sensitivity with respect to general distribution and general as well as exponential distribution has been examined. The Gumbel–Hougaard family of copula is used to analyze the effect of both the distributions together. For a better explanation of this work, a numerical example has been provided and shown the results graphically.
Evaluation of long-term therapy in cats with feline asthma and
chronic bronchitis
Authors: Grotheer Maike , Hirschberger Johannes , Palić Jelena , Hartmann Katrin , Castelletti Noemi , Schulz Bianka
Published: May 2023

Objective Feline asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB) are common
inflammatory diseases of the bronchial tree in cats. Even though both conditions
are characterized by infiltration with different types of inflammatory cells,
therapeutic measures are often similar. Little is known about potential
differences in therapeutic management of these 2 airway diseases. Therefore, aim
of the study was to compare initial and long-term treatment, therapeutic
success, side effects, and owner satisfaction between cat with FA and those with
CB.

Material and methods Thirty-five cats with FA and 11 cats with CB were
included in the retrospective cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were
compatible clinical and radiographic signs and cytological evidence of
eosinophilic inflammation (FA) or sterile neutrophilic inflammation (CB) in
bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). Cats with CB were excluded if evidence of
pathological bacteria was present. Owners were contacted to fill out a
standardized questionnaire on therapeutic management and response to
treatment.

Results Comparing treatment in both groups, no statistical significance
was detected. Most cats were initially treated with corticosteroids as oral (FA
63%/CB 64%, P=1), inhaled (FA
34%/CB 55%, P=0.296) or injected formulations
(FA 20%/CB 0%, P=0.171). In addition, oral
bronchodilators (FA 43%/CB 45%, P=1), and
antibiotics were given in some cases (FA 20%/CB 27%,
P=0.682). For long-term management, 43% of cats with FA and
36% of cats with CB received inhaled corticosteroids (P=1), oral
corticosteroids (FA 17%/CB 36%, P=0.220), and
oral bronchodilators (FA 6%/CB 27%, P=0.084) as
well as courses of antibiotics (FA 6%/CB 18%,
P=0.238). Treatment-related side effects (polyuria/polydipsia,
facial fungal infection, and diabetes mellitus) were reported in 4 cats with FA
and 2 cats with CB. The majority of owners stated to be extremely or very
satisfied with the response to treatment (FA 57%/CB 64%,
P=1).

Conclusion Significant differences regarding management and response to
therapy for both diseases could not be detected.

Clinical relevance Based on owner survey, chronic bronchial diseases as
feline asthma and chronic bronchitis could be managed successfully with similar
treatment.
Generelle Fraktur- und Osteoporoseprophylaxe: Fokus
Sturz
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Maus Uwe , Niedhart Christopher , Brabant Thomas , Belavy Daniel , Kuehlein Thomas
Published: May 2023

Basierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche erfolgte die komplette
Überarbeitung der S3 Leitlinie zur „Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und
Therapie der Osteoporose“ (AWMF Registernummer 183–001). Dieser
Literaturrecherche lagen prädefinierte PICO
(Patienten-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome) Fragen
zugrunde. Die strukturierte Konsensfindung erfolgte in der
interdisziplinären, deutschsprachigen Expertengruppe aus Deutschland,
Österreich und der Schweiz, die die Mitgliedgesellschaften des DVO
repräsentieren, und in Anwesenheit einer
Patient*innenvertreterin des Bundesselbsthilfeverbandes für
Osteoporose e. V. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten Aspekte des Kapitels
„Generelle Fraktur-und Osteoporoseprophylaxe“ mit dem Fokus
„Sturz“ dargestellt.
Atemwegsinfekte: Therapiemöglichkeiten mittels TCM, Akupunktur, Ernährung und Schröpfkopftherapie
Authors: Huemer Gabriela
Published: May 2023

Grippale Infekte und ihre Komplikationen sind ein häufiger Grund, warum Patienten Arztpraxen aufsuchen. Die Akupunktur und Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM), aber auch die Chinesische Arzneitherapie (CAT) können bei solchen Krankheitsbildern den Infekt verkürzen, Symptome lindern und auch antientzündlich und abheilend den Krankheitsprozess günstig regulieren. Neben der Akupunktur spielt auch die Ernährung eine wichtige Rolle, die Beschwerden in der akuten Krankheitsphase, aber auch im Anschluss an den Infekt verringern kann.