bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um novo olhar sobre Francisco Braga
Authors: Larsen Juliane
Published: October 2023

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a trajetória do compositor Francisco Braga. Acreditamos contribuir para a musicologia contemporânea brasileira através do uso de uma base teórica ainda pouco difundida na área. Nosso objetivo é interpretar a trajetória de Francisco Braga, a qual acessamos através de notas biográficas, fontes secundárias, publicações na imprensa, de suas obras musicais e de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a história cultural, política e social do Brasil em sua época. A partir do levantamento dos dados construímos nossa narrativa em que apresentamos o compositor à luz de estudiosos contemporâneos sobre raça, racismo, miscigenação e identidade nacional, tais quais Sueli Carneiro, Manuel Querino, Kabengele Munanga e Renato Ortiz. Ao final, concluímos que a mudança de perspectiva analítica sobre Francisco Braga não omite sua negritude e permite perceber os sentidos de sua trajetória social, reconhecendo sua contribuição à história da música como um homem negro de seu tempo que desafiou as práticas racistas no meio musical e tornou-se um dos principais compositores brasileiros do período.
Pink Esthetic Score Around Single-Tooth Implant Crowns After Socket-Shield Technique: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Smojver Igor , Vuletić Marko , Illeš Davor , Marković Luka , Sušić Mato , Gabrić Dragana
Published: October 2023

Esthetics is important for any dental implant but crucial for implants in the anterior region. Restorations in this region are demanding, and the goal of re-establishing an attractive smile without revealing differences from the natural teeth is difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical success of the socket-shield technique regarding soft tissue stability and overall esthetic outcome. Pink esthetic scores (PESs) were collected at two time points (T1: 6 months; T2: 6 years) by three different specialists. This prospective cohort clinical study involved 30 patients (7 women and 23 men) with a mean age of 42.3 years. There were no significant differences in PES values assessed by the oral surgeon and prosthodontist (P > .05) at either of the assigned time points. The periodontist found differences in PES values between T1 and T2 (P < .05), but they were modest in value. Analyses of each individual variable at given time intervals revealed significant differences in the shape of the distal papillae (χ2 = 6.182; P < .05) and soft tissue margin level (χ2 = 6.507; P < .05). The final results suggest that the socket-shield technique is promising for implant placement in the esthetic zone.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Bioresorbable Xenogeneic Peritoneal Membrane vs Connective Tissue Graft in the Management of Gingival Recession Defects: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Peter Tinu George , Tadepalli Anupama , Parthasarathy Harinath , Ponnaiyan Deepa , Ramachandran Lakshmi , Cholan Priyanka
Published: October 2023

This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of xenogeneic collagen membrane (XCM) derived from porcine peritoneum in combination with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the management of gingival recession defects and to compare the outcomes to those of connective tissue grafts (CTGs). A total of 12 systemically healthy individuals presenting with 30 isolated/multiple Cairo RT 1/2 gingival recession defects in maxillary canines and premolars were randomly treated either with CAF + XCM or CAF + CTG. Recession height (RH), gingival biotype (GB), gingival thickness (GT), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were recorded at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Patient perceptions of pain and esthetics and the modified root coverage esthetic score (MRES) were also documented. From baseline to 12 months, both groups showed a significant reduction in mean RH (CAF + CTG: 2.73 ± 0.79 mm to 0.33 ± 0.61 mm; CAF + XCM: 2.73 ± 0.88 mm to 1.20 ± 0.77 mm). At 12 months, CAF + CTG sites had a mean root coverage percentage (MRC%) of 85.60% ± 28.74%, whereas CAF + XCM sites had an MRC% of 55.13% ± 31.22%. CAF + CTG–treated sites had significantly better outcomes, with a greater number of sites achieving complete root coverage (n = 11) and higher MRES scores than the porcine peritoneal membrane group (P < .05).
Morphologic Analysis of Zirconia Ceramics: Effect of Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Chen Chao , Cao Cong , Yan Xun , Xu Bao Hua
Published: October 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion and nanosilica (nano-Si) infiltration treatment on the surface characteristics of dental zirconia. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 unsintered zirconia ceramic green bodies (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were divided into three groups (n = 5): Group C, no treatment after sintering; Group S, airborne-particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide particles after sintering; and Group N, infiltration of nano-Si followed by sintering and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. The zirconia disks’ surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface morphology of the specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX). Data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). Results: Zirconia surface treatments by infiltration of nano-Si, sintering, and HF etching showed multiple changes in the surface features. The surface roughness of Groups C, S, and N were 0.88 ± 0.07 μm, 1.26 ± 0.10 μm, and 1.69 ± 0.15 μm, respectively. The surface roughness of Group N was significantly higher than that of Groups C and S (P < .05). EDX analysis showed peaks that corresponded to silica (Si) after infiltration with colloidal Si that disappeared following acid etching. Conclusions: Infiltrating nano-Si increases the surface roughness of zirconia. The formation of retentive nanopores on the surface potentially improves the zirconia–resin cement bonding strengths.
Rare desmid genus Bourrellyodesmus Compère (Chlorophyceae: Desmidiales: Desmidiaceae) in India with description of a new species (Bourrellyodesmus indicus Das & Keshri sp. nov.) from eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Debjyoti Das  , Jai Prakash Keshri
Published: October 2023

During systematic investigations on the algal diversity of eastern Himalaya, the authors recorded a rare desmid genus Bourrellyodesmus Compère for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. After detailed comparative study of the existing species of the genus a new species Bourrellyodesmus indicus has been proposed. A taxonomic note on the existing species of the genus has also been given.
Sacred river of Pune: boon or bane for the diversity of aquatic beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera)
Authors: Deb Rita , Takawane Pallavi , K.A. Subramanian
Published: October 2023

Aquatic beetles are potential indicators of freshwater ecosystem and play an important role in food web and nutrient cycling. Parameters like pH, temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, are important water quality parameters. The present study is focused on the diversity of aquatic beetles and assessing water quality parameters of the sacred Indrayani River from various sites namely Valvan, Kamshet, Warangwadi, Begadewadi, Moshigaon, Alandi, Dhanore, and Tulapur. A total of 94 examples of aquatic beetles belonging to 31 species under 19 genera and four families from Indrayani River were recorded along with water quality parameters.
Threat assessment and conservation challenges for the herpetofaunal diversity of Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India
Authors: Gouda Sushanto , Decemson Ht. , Zoramkhuma  , Fanai Malsawmdawngliana  , Lal Biakzuala  , Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga
Published: October 2023

Herpetofauna is an important group of vertebrates with key functions in ecosystem sustenance. Nonetheless, with ever-increasing anthropogenic activities and lack of evidence-based studies, about 80% of the herpetofauna diversity of southern Asian region is threatened. Our study reports 80 herpetofauna species distributed across different habitat types in Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR), Mizoram. We revise the amphibian list of DTR throughthe addition of seven species and establish the identity of cryptic species such as Microhyla ornata which is actually two distinct species,i.e., M. mukhlesuri and M. mymensinghensis. Through the questionnaire survey, it was found that 90% of the respondents depended on varied forms of forest resources. Herpetofaunal species account for 30% of the faunal resources with Varanus bengalensis, Ophiophagus hannah, and Python bivittatus being the most consumed reptile species. All chelonians and some amphibians like Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Pterorana khare, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Hoplobatrachus litoralis, Hydrophylax leptoglossa, Minervarya asmati, Polypedates teraiensis, and Sylvirana lacrima were also found to be consumed and used for their presumed medicinal values. In addition to hunting, road-kills, use of chemical pesticides, and habitat alteration were recorded to be the prominent threats in the region. The land use and land cover (LULC) data shows a steady recovery of dense forest and a better forest fire scenario as over 90% of the DTR core region falls in the ‘low severity’ and ‘unburned’ category. With continuous alteration in forested areas, the present study will not only provide a fundamental baseline for the conservation of herpetofauna and better management of protected areas but also stimulate future herpetological-based research.
First photographic evidence of mange manifestation in Panna Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Dutta Supratim , Krishnamurthy Ramesh
Published: October 2023

We report the first ever photographic evidence of mangeinfestedGolden Jackal Canis aureus from Panna Tiger Reserve, centralIndia. The infected animals were photo-captured during the ongoingcamera trap sampling in 2019 as a part of a long-term study on theecology of reintroduced tigers and co-predators. This new recordtriggers wildlife health and monitoring issues and, subsequently,the importance of restricting the disease outbreak and treatmentmeasures among other associated species within the protected area.
John Wyclif’s Principium Biblicum Revisited
Authors: Fidora Alexander
Published: October 2023

John Wyclif’s principium biblicum, that is to say, his inception speech as a Master of Theology at Oxford, dating from 1372/1373, has received scant scholarly attention. Discovered and edited in the 1960s by Beryl Smalley, it has long been considered a typical representative of its genre. A closer look at Wyclif’s text in the light of current principia-scholarship, and in particular of Robert Grosseteste’s recently identified inception speech, shows, however, that Wyclif’s principium biblicum is all but traditional. Its far-reaching claims concerning the importance of a thorough philosophical training as a prerequisite for the study of the Bible, as well as for that of theology, make this principium stand out amongst medieval inception speeches.
The Noblest Complexion
Authors: Lička Lukáš
Published: October 2023

This article examines an uncommon materialist argument preserved in late medieval Prague quodlibets by Matthias of Knín (1409) and Prokop of Kladruby (1417). The argument connects the Galenic claim that the human body has the noblest and best-balanced complexion possible with the Alexandrist claim that the human rational soul emerges from such well-balanced matter without any supernatural intervention. Of the various medieval renderings of these claims, John Wyclif’s De compositione hominis is singled out as the most probable source of the argument. Far from attributing plain materialism to Wyclif, the article highlights a semimaterialist position, mentioned in two fifteenth-century De anima commentaries of Prague origin, grafting the immortal spirit postulate onto an Alexandrist-like doctrine of the intellect as educed from the harmoniously complexioned body. Finally, it is argued that this semimaterialist position may not only encapsulate how Bohemian masters read Wyclif, but also be close to Wyclif’s actual anthropological stance.
What Blocked the UN’s Response to the Earthquakes in Northwest Syria? Reflections on a Humanitarian System Premised on Government Consent
Authors: Barber Rebecca
Published: October 2023

This article reflects on the UN response to the earthquakes in Türkiye and Syria in February 2023, and specifically the fact that while the UN responded immediately in southern Türkiye, it did not do so in non-government-controlled northwest Syria. The UN explained that its ‘longstanding position’ was that aid could not be delivered across an international border without host government consent or Security Council authorisation. This article seeks to understand this position. It reviews the law applicable to cross-border humanitarian assistance, and the guidelines and tools that shape the UN’s emergency response. It argues that international law allows cross-border humanitarian assistance without host State consent; however, that the UN’s guidelines and tools do not facilitate the provision of assistance in such a scenario. The article concludes by calling for a review of the law, policies and guidelines that shape the way the UN responds to rapid-onset disasters in conflict contexts.
A New Comprehensive Two-Volume Study on Theories of International Relations in Bulgarian
Authors: Konstantinov Emil Georgiev
Published: October 2023

The two-volume study, authored and edited by Professor Gotchev, presents a broad range of theoretical approaches and frameworks of analysis in International Relations (IR) and is the most comprehensive textbook on the study of IR theories in Bulgarian. The first volume surveys the essence of political research and philosophical aspects of social science, the grand debates in IR and the main approaches—realism, liberalism, and Marxism. It also reviews critical IR theory and examines the importance of international political economy in the discipline of IR. The second volume, which is a collection of essays written by six different US and European scholars, is organised in five different sections and focuses on a broad range of grand approaches to IR and middle-range theories. The former include constructivism, the English School, postmodernism and poststructuralism, feminism, and green theory; the latter deal with a broad set of frameworks, such as behavioural, psychological and integration theories, theories of foreign policy, cooperation, alliances, and international organisations. Special attention is paid to geopolitics.
Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction: The Black Worker and Racist False Consciousness
Authors: Garrido Carlos L.
Published: October 2023

For W.E.B. Du Bois, the greatest factor preventing the unity of the working-class—both in the US and in the international scale—was racism. In this paper, I argue that Du Bois’s analysis of racism (along with the American assumption) is best understood as a form of what the Marxist tradition calls false consciousness—a comprehensive ideological operation whereby the dominant social order reflects itself in a topsy-turvy appearance integral for the reproduction of the existing state of affairs. A paradoxical situation arises—while united class struggle is stifled by these forms of false consciousness—only through class struggle can they be overcome. The destruction of false consciousness in general—and racist false consciousness in particular—is a process, not a singular spontaneous event. It is attained through the transformation in the mode of life one is engaged in when they dedicate their life to the struggle for the working-class’ conquest of political power. In the process of developing his analysis of the U.S. class struggle and the role of the struggle against racism within it, this paper argues that Du Bois grasps the pulse of the determinate forms the class struggle takes in the U.S. in a manner which prompts his labeling as the founder of ‘American Marxism.’
Optical Physical Parameters of Fine Particulate Matter Based on Light Scattering Method
Authors: Xie Peng , Liu Juntong , Chen Kechao
Published: October 2023

Following the Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become another revolutionary technology in recent years. In recent years, Internet of Things technology has been applied to various industries such as agricultural production, intelligent transportation and industrial production,
including the wireless system network under the Internet of Things technology. The problem of particulate matter pollution has become more and more concerned. However, how to quickly and accurately detect particulate matter concentration has become a research hotspot. The traditional filter
membrane weighing method and ray absorption method have many limitations, which cannot meet the requirements of fast and accurate. The measurement of particle mass concentration by light scattering method is a non-contact detection method of particle mass concentration. In this paper, light
scattering methods are combined with the theory of IoT wireless systems to discuss the photophysical parameters of tiny particles, such as particle size and density. This paper mainly studies the formation mechanism, particle detection principle and numerical simulation, and the data intelligent
analysis of the optical and physical parameters of the particles. The particle size distribution, average particle size and density were obtained by CCD photosensor experiment. The experimental results show that the optical parameters of different particle sizes are accurate and reliable.
Intelligent Knife Switch Contact Status Monitoring Based on Special-Shaped Beam Fiber Bragg Grating Electromechanical Sensor
Authors: Zeng Huarong , Ma Xiaohong , Xu Kui , Yang Qi , Yin Weiling
Published: October 2023

To ensure the safety of people’s lives and property, the accurate measurement of various small vibrations is of great significance. Using gratings as sensitive components to make optical fiber sensors is a kind of electromechanical vibration measurement device with rapid development.
In this study, a special-shaped beam Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) electromechanical vibration sensor with sensitized grooves is proposed based on equal-strength cantilever beams. The composition and implementation principle of FBG sensing system are expounded, and how to realize the signal induction
of FBG under vibration conditions is further analyzed. According to the intrinsic relationship between sensitivity coefficient and natural frequency in vibration sensor, the sensor head structure composed of structural parameters, such as equal-strength beam length of 73 mm, bottom width of
14 mm, and thickness of 5 mm, is finally selected. With the help of ANSYS software to calculate the natural frequency of the sensing head as a theoretical reference value, and SS304 stainless steel is selected as the cantilever beam to obtain a good vibration sensing effect. In the test, the
acceleration is set to 0.35 G, and the pulse generates a sinusoidal signal of 0–10000 Hz. The natural frequency of the sensing head is 182 Hz, and the sensitivity is 100 mV/G, which is only small error with the theoretical analysis value calculated by ANSYS. The acceleration of the sensing
head is changed, and different degrees of vibration are generated. The results show that the change of output center wavelength has a linear relationship with the acceleration change. The introduction of sensitized grooved special-shaped beams helps to improve the sensitivity of the device
to perceive vibration. It is used for the monitoring of the contact status of the intelligent knife switch. The results show that the designed photoelectric grating electromechanical sensor measurement has good repeatability, and the wavelength of the reflection interrogator will suddenly
increase and decrease rapidly with obvious regularity.
Skin Detection System Using Infrared Optoelectronic Technology and Its Application in Facial Recognition
Authors: Zhu Liangxue , Zhu Guangyu
Published: October 2023

Facial recognition technology has made significant progress. However, variable lighting conditions can affect its performance. Considering the need to scan facial skin for recognition purposes, this study proposes a miniature optoelectronic acquisition system for skin in the near-infrared
range. The system utilizes the C11708MA photodetector from Hamamatsu Photonics’ MS series as the probe for spectral data acquisition. Other hardware components are designed accordingly. A three-stage amplification buffer circuit is employed as the front-end acquisition and preprocessing
circuit. The AD7671 chip from Analog Devices Inc. is selected as the AD converter, and the communication module utilizes the CY7C68013 chip from Cypress’ EZ-USB FX2 series. The control and transmission module employs the EP2C5T144C8N FPGA chip from ALTERA’s Cyclone II generation.
In order to address the power supply requirements of the CY7C68013 USB chip (3.3 V), the FPGA core (1.2 V), and the AD7671 and front-end preprocessing circuit (5 V), AMS1117 voltage regulator chips are designed for stable 5 V–1.2 V and 5 V–3.3 V power supplies. In the experiments,
wavelength calibration and spectral preprocessing are performed on the system prior to data processing. Near-infrared reflectance spectra of different skin conditions (melanoma, vitiligo) are compared with normal skin. The results demonstrate the accurate assessment capability of the designed
infrared optoelectronic skin detection system. Facial skin data obtained from the system are used to generate facial images, and the recognition performance of different detection systems is compared in an algorithmic environment, thereby demonstrating the promising application prospects of
the infrared optoelectronic skin detection system in the field of facial recognition.
Analysis of Energy Transmission and Design of Additional Capacitance for a Novel Secondary Side Parallel LCD Forward Converter
Authors: Zhu Gao-Zhong , Liu Shu-Lin
Published: October 2023

For the deficiency of low utilization ratio of transformer excitation energy, complex circuit structure, low efficiency and low output power in the existing magnetic reset technology, a secondary parallel LCD forward converter which can avoid reverse charging of additional capacitor
is proposed. According to the different working modes of inductors in the proposed converter, the converter is divided into different combined working modes, and the working principles of different combined working modes are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the influence of additional
LCD circuit on the performance of the proposed converter is deeply studied based on the working principles of different combination modes. According to the performance analysis, the analytical expression of additional capacitance on the working mode is derived, and the optimal design scheme
of additional capacitance parameters is put forward. Finally, in order to verify the effect of the additional capacitance C2 on the operation mode of the converter, an experimental analysis of the secondary parallel LCD forward converter which can avoid the reverse charging
of the additional capacitor is carried out. The experimental waveform analysis verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the design method of the additional capacitor parameters.
Research on the Filling Process of Ultraviolet Nanoimprint Lithography with High-Resolution Stamps
Authors: Sun Hongwen , Liu Heyu , Shen Xiajuan , Gu Lijun , Wang Jingsheng , Ma Ziyi , Xie Dongyang
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of the semiconductor industry, the feature size of integrated circuits (ICs) is continuously getting smaller and smaller. Although traditional optical lithography and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography can fabricate products with 5-nm feature size, the
production cost is quite high. As a candidate of next-generation lithography, ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) can also achieve high-resolution imprints at a lower cost. Based on contact mechanics, the filling mechanism and imprint quality of UV-NIL were examined using high-resolution
stamps with different feature sizes of 3 nm, 4 nm, and 5 nm. It was found that UV-NIL could successfully replicate patterns with feature sizes down to 3 nm; however, the imprinting process was more complicated. Among the selected nine stamps, the replications of 4-nm and 5-nm feature sizes
had a relatively uniform residual layer and a symmetric contact pressure, whereas the replications of 3-nm feature size had an asymmetric contact pressure, resulting in an asymmetric residual layer. In order to obtain a more uniform residual layer with higher-quality imprinting, the pressure
applied to the left and right sides of a stamp should be appropriately changed. The pattern density of a stamp had a certain influence on the contact pressure. As the pattern density increased, the contact pressure tended to be uniform; however, when the pattern density exceeded 0.5, the situation
became worse. This research can provide guidance for promoting the development of UV-NIL in the direction of high-resolution pattern replication.
Triple Function of Amelogenin Peptide-Chitosan Hydrogel for Dentin Repair
Authors: Cai J. , Moradian-Oldak J.
Published: October 2023

Biomimetic strategies like peptide-guided collagen mineralization promise to enhance the effectiveness of dentin remineralization. We recently reported that rationally designed amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 promoted apatite nucleation, mineralized collagen, and showed potential in enamel regrowth and dentin remineralization. To facilitate the clinical application of amelogenin-derived peptides and to uncover their effectiveness in repairing dentin, we have now implemented a chitosan (CS) hydrogel for peptide delivery and have investigated the effects of P26-CS and P32-CS hydrogels on dentin remineralization using 2 in situ experimental models that exhibited different levels of demineralization. The efficacy of the peptide-CS hydrogels in dentin repair was evaluated by characterizing the microstructure, mineral density, mineral phase, and nanomechanical properties of the remineralized samples. The new strategy of atomic force microscopy PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping was used for direct visualization and nanomechanical analysis of repaired dentin lesions across the lesion depth. Results from the 2 models indicated the potential triple functions of peptide-CS hydrogels for dentin repair: building a highly organized protective mineralized layer on dentin, occluding dentinal tubules by peptide-guided in situ mineralization, and promoting biomimetic dentinal collagen remineralization. Importantly, peptides released from the CS hydrogel could diffuse into the dentinal matrix and penetrate the dentinal tubules, leading to both surface and subsurface remineralization and tubule occlusion. Given our previous findings on peptide-CS hydrogels’ potential for remineralizing enamel, we see further promise for hydrogels to treat tooth defects involving multiple hard tissues, as in the case of noncarious cervical lesions.
Meaning of Life Therapy: A Pilot Study of a Novel Psycho-Existential Intervention for Palliative Care in Cancer
Authors: Cardoso Ana Rita , Remondes-Costa Sónia , Veiga Elisa , Almeida Vera , Rocha José , Teixeira Ricardo João , Macedo Gerly , Leite Manuela
Published: October 2023

Intervention in Palliative Care aims to provide physical, psychosocial, and spiritual relief for patients and family members. Brief interventions with a psycho-existential approach have shown positive responses; however, cultural adaptations are needed. This pilot study aimed to develop the Meaning of Life Therapy (MLT), a novel psycho-existential intervention, rooted in the Dignity Therapy, Life Review, and Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy. MLT was culturally adapted to the Portuguese context to include questions about forgiveness, apology, reconciliation, farewell, and a legacy document, i.e., the Life Letter. Nine PC cancer patients answered a 14-question MLT protocol, intended to help patients find purpose and meaning in life. Eight themes emerged: Family, Preservation of Identity, Life Retrospective, Clinical Situation, Achievements, Socio-Professional Valorization, Forgiveness/Apology/Reconciliation, and Saying Goodbye. MLT has proved its ability to respond to the psycho-existential needs of PC patients. Further studies should be conducted to gain extensive knowledge of the effectiveness of culturally responsive interventions.
“Persons of the Sex are True Wonders”: Gabrielle Suchon on Difference and Political Wonders
Authors: MacDonald Mary Jo
Published: October 2023

Gabrielle Suchon’s Treatise on Ethics and Politics offers surprising descriptions of sexual difference for an ostensibly feminist work. Stereotypically feminine traits—such as excessive emotions, chattiness, and deception—are compared to earthquakes, storms, wildfire, and apparitions. Although these descriptions may seem off-putting to modern readers, I argue that in offering these unflattering descriptions of women, Suchon is making a novel intervention in debates about the nature of sexual difference. In the Renaissance and Early Modern period, the salient question about feminine difference was whether it was a preternatural deformity, and specifically a monstrosity. While most pro-woman authors argued that women were not preternatural, Suchon argues the affirmative, claiming that “persons of the sex are true wonders.” In doing so, Suchon presses on a tension at the heart of scholastic conceptions of women while also provoking an emotional response that might encourage men to reconsider whether patriarchal practices are truly to their advantage.
Association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C and bone mineral density in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES database
Authors: Wang Zhenwei , Du Weibin , Ou Yuanbin , Han Meichun , Hu Jintao , Quan Renfu
Published: October 2023

Objective

To investigate the association between creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study investigated participants aged 50–85, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2002. The correlation between CCR and total BMD was assessed by multivariate linear regression models, using stratified analysis by age, sex and race (Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and other race) to distinguish various special populations.

Results

Among 2992 patients, multiple regression models revealed a significant positive correlation between CCR and total BMD: model 1, 0.030 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.029, 0.031); model 2, 0.009 (95% CI 0.008, 0.010); model 3, 0.010 (95% CI 0.009, 0.013). After controlling for all covariates, a positive correlation was observed between CCR and total BMD in both men and women, and was further strengthened in older age groups. When stratifying by race, the positive correlation was most significant among ‘other Hispanic’ participants; there was no significant correlation among those of ‘other race’.

Conclusions

A positive correlation was demonstrated between CCR and total BMD in middle-aged and older adults aged 50–85 years, with the most significant positive correlation in the older ‘other Hispanic’ population. No significant correlation was observed among participants of ‘other race’.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles: New Soldiers in the War on Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Ivosevic Zeljko , Ljujic Biljana , Pavlovic Dragica , Matovic Vesna , Gazdic Jankovic Marina
Published: October 2023

Inflammatory diseases are a group of debilitating disorders with varying degrees of long-lasting functional impairment of targeted system. New therapeutic agents that will attenuate on-going inflammation and, at the same time, promote regeneration of injured organ are urgently needed for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. During the last decade numerous studies have demonstrated that crucial therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in inflammatory diseases are based on the effects of MSC-produced paracrine mediators and not on the activity of engrafted cells themselves. Thus, to overcome the limitations of stem cell transplantation, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been rigorously investigated, as a promising cell-free pharmaceutical component. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of MSC-EV covering the current knowledge on their potential therapeutic applications for immune-mediated diseases.
Effect of Short Course Caffeine on Recurrence of Apnea of Prematurity in Preterm Infants Less than 32 Weeks: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pradhap K. , Solaiappan M. , Ramya S. , Muthukumaran N.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Though caffeine is the preferred drug for apnea of prematurity for decades, the timing of discontinuation of caffeine therapy is still unknown. The proportion of ‘Recurrence of Apnea of Prematurity’(RAP) after stopping caffeine, in the short course group and long course group was compared.

Methods

Eligible neonates were randomized into two groups: short course group-caffeine was stopped when babies were off respiratory support and apnea free for 7 consecutive days and long course group-stopped at 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) if they were off respiratory support and apnea free for 7 consecutive days. Proportion of neonates with RAP in each group was analyzed.

Results

There were 87 neonates in each group. The proportion of neonates with RAP was [(12.6% vs 4.6%); odds ratio (OR) 3.0 (0.92–9.8) and p = 0.06] not statistically significant between the groups. However, in the subgroup analysis of 26–28-week infants, the incidence of RAP was significantly higher (p = 0.038). Cumulative duration of therapy was less by 13.77 days in short course group babies. The incidence of intermittent hypoxemia was significantly more (p = 0.003) in short course group. The incidence of adverse effects that include feed intolerance, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, osteopenia and EUGR were also significantly more in the long course group.

Conclusions

There was no statistically significant difference in RAP when caffeine was discontinued earlier when compared to the long course regimen. Larger non-inferiority, multicentric trials are required particularly in extremely preterm infants to make strong recommendations on stopping therapy.
The relevance of lawful correction in contemporary Australia: A reply to the NSW Attorney General
Authors: Greeff Laetitia-Ann
Published: October 2023

Recently, the New South Wales Attorney General indicated that section 61AA of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) is working as intended by meeting its policy objectives and, therefore, parental corporal punishment will remain legal even in the face of ongoing advocacy for its repeal. This Brief argues that society has moved on and that corporal punishment and the defence of lawful correction do not enjoy the same level of support that they did more than two decades ago when the criminal law was amended to include s 61AA, and it is time to repeal this provision.
Naloxegol versus Methylnaltrexone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Tobben Daniel , Carpenter Sheniece , Kolar Rachel , Merritt Tyler , Young Tramaine , Hauser Paloma , Collier Tia
Published: October 2023

Background:

Constipation impacts 58% to 83% of critically ill patients and is associated with increased time on mechanical ventilation, delirium, and increased length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of enteral naloxegol (NGL) versus subcutaneous methylnaltrexone (MNTX) for the management of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in critically ill patients.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients admitted to the ICU who received a parenteral opioid infusion for at least 4 hours and experienced no bowel movement (BM) within the 48-hour period preceding the administration of NGL or MNTX. The primary outcome was time to first BM from the start of NGL or MNTX therapy. Secondary outcomes included number of BMs 72 hours following NGL or MNTX administration, ICU LOS, and cost-effectiveness.

Results:

After exclusion criteria were applied, 110 and 51 patients were included in the NGL and MNTX groups, respectively. With a 10% noninferiority margin, NGL was noninferior to MNTX (Wald statistic = 1.67; P = 0.047). Median time to first BM was 23.7 hours for NGL and 18.3 hours for MNTX patients. Median LOS was 14 days (NGL) and 12 days (MNTX), and the average number of BMs in 72 hours was 3.9 for NGL and 3.8 for MNTX. Using wholesale acquisition cost (WAC), the cost per BM for NGL and MNTX was $21.74 and $170.00, respectively.

Conclusion and relevance:

This study determined that NGL and MNTX had similar time to BM. NGL appears to be a safe and effective alternative with cost-saving potential in treating OIC in critically ill patients.
Risk of Pancreatitis With Incretin Therapies Versus Thiazolidinediones in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Wilhite Kristen , Reid Jennifer Meyer , Lane Matthew
Published: October 2023

Background:

Incretin therapies, comprised of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have been increasingly utilized for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Previous studies have conflicting results regarding risk of pancreatitis associated with these agents—some suggest an increased risk and others find no correlation. Adverse event reporting systems indicate that incretin therapies are some of the most common drugs associated with reports of pancreatitis.

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the odds of developing pancreatitis in veterans with T2DM prescribed an incretin therapy versus thiazolidinediones (TZDs: pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing veterans with T2DM first prescribed an incretin therapy or a TZD between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. A diagnosis of pancreatitis within 365 days of being prescribed either therapy was counted as a positive case. Data was collected and analyzed utilizing VA’s Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) and an adjusted odds ratio was calculated.

Results:

The TZD cohort consisted of 42 912 patients compared with the incretin cohort of 304 811 patients. The TZD cohort had a pancreatitis incidence rate of 1.94 cases per 1000 patients. The incretin cohort had a incidence rate of 2.06 cases per 1000 patients. An adjusted odds ratio found no statistical difference of pancreatitis cases between the TZD and incretin cohorts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.94, 95% CI [0.75, 1.18]).

Conclusion and Relevance:

This retrospective cohort study of national VHA data found a relatively low incidence of pancreatitis in both cohorts, and an adjusted odds ratio found no statistical difference of pancreatitis in patients prescribed an incretin therapy compared with a control group. This data adds to growing evidence that incretin therapies do not seem to be associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatitis.
Behavioral Parent Training Via Telehealth for Autistic Children in Rural Appalachia: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Gould Kait , Martin Ryan J. , Bottini Summer , Crowley-Zalaket Jaime , Losh Ainsley , McCammon Meka , Wolgemuth Jennifer R. , Anderson Cynthia
Published: October 2023

Behavioral parent training (BPT) is an empirically supported approach for addressing the behavioral concerns of autistic children. However, many families face barriers to accessing BPT. Adapting BPT via telehealth technology may improve access for families, especially those living in rural regions. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a Research Units in Behavioral Intervention (RUBI), a BPT program for autistic children, via telehealth to families living in the Appalachian region of the United States. We employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the feasibility and potential efficacy of implementing the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention Autism Network parent training via telehealth (RUBI-T) with seven rural parent-child dyads. RUBI-T was found to be feasible and satisfactory to parents and community providers. RUBI-T also shows promise for reducing children’s disruptive behavior, improving children’s adaptive skills, and reducing parent stress, although a more thorough evaluation of its efficacy is warranted. The limitations and implications of the results are discussed.
Finding Common Ground: Using Focus Groups to Define Values Among Prisoners and Staff
Authors: Seel Christopher J. , Holloway Katy , Angelakis Ioannis , Austin Jennifer L.
Published: October 2023

Positive effects of Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS) frameworks have been reported in juvenile justice facilities but have not yet been extended to adult prisons. As part of initial PBIS development in a large prison in the United Kingdom, this study utilized focus groups to investigate the valued outcomes considered most important to prison officers and prisoners. We found that although prisoners and staff largely shared the same values, there were meaningful differences in their relative priorities, reflecting the disparate roles that each play in the functioning of the prison. Focus groups also revealed possible contextual barriers to PBIS implementation in this setting. We conclude that input from both parties is essential in designing values-based support strategies that are aligned across key stakeholders. We discuss how focus groups might inform PBIS intervention planning and how our findings point to specific research gaps in applying PBIS in adult prisons.
The MoXFo initiative – adherence: Exercise adherence, compliance and sustainability among people with multiple sclerosis: An overview and roadmap for research
Authors: Motl Robert W , Casey Blathin , Learmonth Yvonne Charlotte , Latimer-Cheung Amy , Kinnett-Hopkins Dominique L , Marck Claudia H , Carl Johannes , Pfeifer Klaus , Riemann-Lorenz Karin , Heesen Christoph , Coote Susan
Published: October 2023

We know very little about exercise adherence, compliance and sustainability in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet adherence is seemingly important for yielding immediate and sustained health benefits. This paper is focused on exercise adherence, compliance and sustainability in the context of informing research and practice involving MS. This focus is critical for clarifying terminology for future research and providing a roadmap guiding clinical research and practice. Our objective was accomplished through a narrative summary of the literature by a panel of experts on exercise adherence from the Moving Exercise Research in Multiple Sclerosis Forward (MoXFo) initiative and a concluding summary of the state of the literature and future research directions. The panel of experts identified three overall themes (Background and Importance; Understanding and Promoting Exercise Adherence, Compliance and Sustainability and Challenges to Exercise Adherence, Compliance and Sustainability) that represented a categorization of nine subthemes. These overall themes and subthemes formed the basis of our recommendations regarding future research broadly involving exercise adherence in MS. Overall, there is limited evidence on rates and determinants of exercise adherence and compliance in MS, and little is known about techniques and interventions for immediate and long-term exercise behaviour change.
The MoxFo initiative—Mechanisms of action: Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis exercise studies
Authors: Rosenkranz Sina C , Ploughman Michelle , Hvid Lars G , Zimmer P. , Erickson K. , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Centonze Diego , Friese Manuel A
Published: October 2023

Background:

As exercise exerts neurobiological and immunomodulatory effects, it might also act as a disease-modifying intervention in MS. However, a clear mechanistic link between exercise and disease-modifying effects in MS has yet to be established.

Objective:

Establish recommendations for future mechanistic exercise studies in MS.

Methods:

In regular meetings, members of the mechanisms of action group within the MoXFo (Moving eXercise research Forward in MS) initiative evaluated gaps of knowledge and discussed unmet needs in mechanistic MS research.

Results:

We concluded that biomarkers assessed in translational studies in humans and animals are essential to decipher the underlying mechanisms of exercise in MS. Consequently, we defined clear definitions of different types of biomarkers examined in MS exercise studies and operationalized their use to align with the research question and optimal testing time points. Furthermore, we provide key considerations to improve the rigor of translational studies and defined minimal reporting criteria for animal studies.

Conclusion:

The resulting recommendations are intended to improve the quality of future mechanistic exercise studies in MS and consequently lead to a better understanding of therapeutic approaches.
Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in various retail stores in an urban city: Levels, sources and health risk assessment
Authors: Eraslan Fatma Nur , Özden Üzmez Özlem , Gaga Eftade O
Published: October 2023

This study provides information about PM2.5 indoor–outdoor mass concentrations, indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O) and health risks associated with PM2.5 inhalation in seven various retail stores: photocopy centre, bakery, restaurant, hairdresser, dry cleaner, grocery store and hotel. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in all retail stores in both summer and winter seasons, weekdays and weekends, and also during busy and less-active hours to obtain a realistic exposure assessment. According to the results, indoor PM2.5 levels in the winter season were comparatively higher than those measured in the summer season. The highest PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the hairdresser (3076.0 ± 1345.5 µg/m3) and restaurant (2138.1 ± 636.4 µg/m3) in each sampling period in winter. I/O ratios of >1 were obtained at the hairdresser (7.3–72.3) and restaurant (1.6–17.3) in the winter season and at the hairdresser (1.3–12.7) and dry cleaner (1.1–1.7) in the summer season in all measurement periods. Quite high indoor PM2.5 concentrations and consequently high I/O ratios indicated a strong contribution from indoor sources rather than infiltration of ambient air. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to PM2.5 exposure were evaluated by estimating hazard quotient (HQ) values, and all HQ values were above the acceptable limit of 1 defined by US EPA for the photocopy centre, hairdresser and dry cleaner in both seasons. The results showed that indoor activities at the retail stores were significant for indoor PM2.5 levels as well as occupational health risks faced by employees at retail stores.