bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENERGIA DE REPOUSO DA CARGA ELÉTRICA E SPIN
Authors: Bonaventura André Luis
Published: February 2022

A necessidade de energia elétrica limpa e sustentável éuma demanda crescente da sociedade contemporânea.Por isso, para finalizar este livro, apresentaremos outraaplicação tecnológica obtida a partir da Teoria Quânticada Gravidade. Dessa vez, contudo, a energia equivale aE = mc² e decorre do cessamento das propriedades intrínsecas e involuntárias do elétron. Diferentemente doscapítulos anteriores, este capítulo terá uma abordagemmatemática mais detalhada; porém, nada muito difícil.O motivo dessa diferença é que, neste capítulo, pretendemos mostrar ao público leigo ou aos futuros cientistascomo um físico teórico trabalha: manipulando equaçõese leis físicas fundamentais da natureza.
Physico-chemical properties of honey from different beehives and honey sources in selected Districts of Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources,  Madda Walabu University, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia., Teshome Aynalem , Asefa Belete ,   Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources,  Madda Walabu University, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia., Amene Tesfaye ,   Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources,  Madda Walabu University, P. O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to assess Physico-chemical properties of honey from different beehives and honey sources in selected District of Bale Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A total 18 honey samples were collected from different hive types and honey sources for analysis of physico-chemical properties (color, moisture content, electric conductivity, pH, acidity, ash (mineral), HMF, reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), and sucrose content). Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data collected from laboratory parts. Data related to honey quality were analyzed using General linear model of SAS software (SAS, 2008). Whenever a statically significant difference (p<0.05) is observed, least significant difference (LSD) test was used to separate the means difference. Most of the laboratory results for common parameters were found in the range of the national and international standard limits. The result of physico-chemical properties showed that there was a significance difference (p<0.05) between hive types except for sucrose (g/100mg) (p>0.05). The overall mean of honey sampled from different hive types showed color (optical density) (10.86 mmpfund), moisture content (20.34%), ash (0.29%), electric conductivity (0.65 ms/cm), free acidity (57.66 meq/gm), pH (4.2), hydroxy methyl furfural (9.45 mg/kg), apparent reducing sugar (73.12g/100mg), sucrose content (0.1g/100mg) while the mean values for honey sampled from different honey sources were as follows: color (optical density) (10.65 mmpfund), moisture content (19.41%), ash (0.23%), electric conductivity (0.53 ms/cm), free acidity (45.33 meq/gm), pH (3.93), hydroxy methyl furfural (16.38 mg/kg), apparent reducing sugar (67.49 g/100mg) and sucrose content (0.5 g/100mg). Hive type and honey source had direct effects on physicochemical quality of honey. The findings show that there is a high need for techniques and technology intervention, so as to derive benefit from the large number of beekeepers in Bale zone and in the country in general both in terms of honey quality and quantity.
Factors responsible for developing common oral antibiotic resistant to urinary tract infection (UTI) among the children
Authors:   Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA., Biswas Nirbachita , Khanum Hamida ,   Parasitology Branch, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Published: February 2022

The present study is designed to access the factors responsible for developing recurring infection and antibiotic resistance among children with urinary tract infection (UTI). The socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents are important to determine the level of awareness regarding antibiotic resistance; 16.1% children were between 1 to 5 years of age, 21.9% between 5.1 to 9 years, 29.9% between 9.1 to 12 years and 32.1% between 12.1 to 15 years of age who were suffering from UTI. Out of 137 children, 17.5% males were suffering from UTI and the rest 82.5% were females; it reveals that 34.3% children intakes less than 500 ml of water every day while 40.1% intakes 500 to 1000 ml of water, 21.1% children take about 1000 to 1500 ml of water and only 4.4% intakes more than 1500 ml of water every day. The present investigation showed that 50.4% of the children had a history of taking antibiotics while 29.9% did not know whether the child had a history of taking antibiotics and 5.8% has no history of taking antibiotic. Out of the 81 children who received treatment for UTI, 76.5% were fully cured after receiving antibiotic while 19.8% were not cured after taking antibiotic. Out of the 43 children who took the antibiotic on time, 79% took it for 1 to 3 days, 16.3% took it for 3 to 5 days and 4.7% took it for 5 to 7 days. Positive correlation found with male children, maintaining toilet hygiene and recurrent UTI.54.4% respondent used water to maintain the child’s toilet hygiene suffered from recurrent UTI and 92.8% respondent used other means excluding water to maintain the child’s toilet hygiene suffered from recurrent UTI (p<0.05). The major factors for developing recurrent UTI and resistance to certain antibiotics are taking medicine from pharmacy, doing self-prescription, incomplete medication courses along with lack of hygiene and insufficient water intake. There should be rational use of antibiotic and culture sensitivity for urine should be a mandatory test before administering antibiotics for UTI. There is need to build awareness about antibiotic resistance through health campaigns.
"BAKHTINSKY VESTNIK": A NEW ACADEMIC E-JOURNAL FOR BAKHTIN STUDIES
Authors:   INION RAN, Yurchenko Tatiana
Published: February 2022

The review deals with the first four issues of a new academic e-journal «Bakhtinsky vestnik». The articles on Bakhtin's theory are discussed; special attention is given to the replies to the Bakhtin questionnaire devoted to the 125th anniversary of Bakhtin - about the significance of Bakhtin's ideas today, his contribution to the humanities, the current state and future development of Bakhtin studies.
THE STORY OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (1853-1856) IN THE BRITISH CULTURE
Authors:   INION RAN, Krasavchenko Tatiana
Published: February 2022

The real goals of the Crimean war, which took place in the middle of the 19th century, were unclear to the general British public initially and completely forgotten over time. However several cult works, images and characters have survived in the collective national British memory: a poem by a poet-laureate Alfred Tennyson «The charge of the light brigade», the «thin red line» motif, legendary Florence Nightingale. Thus the historical events are forgotten, and those things that are kept by culture overcome the time.
BOOK REVIEW: PRE-SYMBOLISM - FACES AND REFLECTIONS
Authors:   INION RAN, MAN'KOVSKII Arkady
Published: February 2022

A collection entirely devoted to such a diverse and multifaceted phenomenon as pre-symbolism is published for the first time. The book includes articles and publications exploring both the theoretical aspects of the movement and the works of individual writers belonging to it: A.A. Fet, A.K. Tolstoy, Vl.S. Solovyov, A.L. Volynsky, I.F. Annensky, etc. The book offers two approaches to the subject: the «narrow» (pre-symbolism as a literary movement of the «years fallen out of time») and the «wide» one (as a phenomenon connecting romanticism and symbolism). The reviewed book is not just a collection of articles, but the integral work with its internal composition, interconnections and unexpected implications.
BORDER AS A SYMBOLIC MODEL IN THE WORKS OF THE 19TH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE: RECEPTION IN USA LITERARY STUDIES
Authors:   INION RAN, Millionshchikova Tatiana
Published: February 2022

The review concentrates on the Slavic literary studies of the USA that analyze the symbolic spatial models in the works by Russian writers of the 19th century. The main focus is on the symbolic model of the border . The aim of the review is to demonstrate how this national symbolic model embodied in the Russian writer’s texts of the 19th century is interpreted in the alien cultural environment of contemporary American Slavic studies.
BOOK REVIEW: KENNEDY S. T.S. ELIOT AND THE DYNAMIC IMAGINATION
Authors:   INION RAN, Kuzmichev Arseniy
Published: February 2022

The literary roots of T.S. Eliot’s body of work is a mainstream scholarly topic, however S. Kennedy is less interested in direct allusions to the texts that T.S. Eliot used, and more in how the poet’s imagination worked. She studies in detail three clusters of metaphors: sea-change, light and darkness, and doppelgangers.
THE OLFACTORY SPACE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE AS A RESEARCH PROBLEM. PART 2. PROSE AND DRAMA
Authors:   INION RAN, Yurchenko Tatiana
Published: February 2022

This essay deals with the studies of olfactory imagery in literature - a new trend in literary criticism intensively developed from the beginning of the twenty first century. It concerns different ways of representation of odor perception in Russian prose and drama, particularly in the writings of Ivan Turgenev, Dmitrii Grigorovich, Ivan Goncharov, Fedor Dostoyevsky, Anton Chekhov, Ivan Bunin and Aleksandr Sukhovo-Kobylin. The essay traces the significance of odors and smells in the description of psychological portrait of the characters as well as in the plot.
CHEKOV’S TRACE IN WILLIAM BOYD’S WORK
Authors:   INION RAN, Krasavchenko Tatiana
Published: February 2022

Here is explored Chekhov’s role and Russian motives in the works of Anglo-Scottish writer William Boyd (born 1959). Chekhov was for Boyd a genius writer, who revolutionized literature by the end of the nineteenth century, changed its worldview and aesthetic paradigm, and as a result (in Boyd’s opinion) the modern British prose «came out of Chekhov».
THE AUTHOR’S NOTE IN THE PLAYWRITING OF I.S. TURGENEV: RESEARCH ASPECTS
Authors:   INION RAN, MAN'KOVSKII Arkady
Published: February 2022

Three different scientific fields are traditionally interested in the author’s stage directions: literary criticism (poetics), theater studies and linguistics - all three have their own approach to this phenomenon. This is the reason for the existence of different terms, defining some related phenomena, but belonging to different classification systems. The studies of the author’s remarks in Turgenev’s plays attract scholars attention less often than the same aspects in drama by Chekhov and Ostrovsky but their works on Turgenev demonstrate such terminological diversity as well. But in case of Turgenev it works as if fruitful.
ARTES POETICAE: FORMATIONS AND TRANSFORMATIONS, 1500-1650. (REVIEW OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE CLASSICAL RECEPTIONS JOURNAL)
Authors:   INION RAN, Lozinskaya Evgeniia
Published: February 2022

A special issue of the Classical Receptions Journal includes essays on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literary theory - a period of radical change in the field. It offers a fresh perspective on well-known treatises of that time and introduces previously understudied texts, particularly those produced in the Iberian Americas.
BOOK REVIEW:DOODY N. THE INFLUENCE OF OSCAR WILDE ON W.B. YEATS: "AN ECHO OF SOMEONE ELSE’S MUSIC"
Authors:   INION RAN, Kuzmichev Arseniy
Published: February 2022

The central idea of Noreen Doodyʼs book is that O. Wilde was a literary precursor of W.B. Yeats: the aesthetics and the imagination of the latter formed in close and constant intellectual contact with the former. N. Doody's method is a synthesis of biographical approach and comparative literary criticism with an additional focus on images and symbols: dance/dancer, mask and etc.
The Influence of Periodontal Treatment on Salivary Visfatin Biomarker levels in Non-obese Indian Population with Different forms of Periodontal Disease- A Clinico-Biochemical Study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India, Coutinho Amita , Reddy Neethu ,   Former Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India, Khan Mahamad Irfanulla ,   Associate Professor, Dept. of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India
Published: February 2022

The ability to correctly diagnose and institute effective periodontal therapy is essential to control periodontal diseases. Rapid advances in diagnostic research are moving towards methods whereby periodontal disease risk can be identified and quantified by measuring biomarkers. This study investigated the effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT) on clinical indices and salivary levels of visfatin in subjects with increasing severity of the periodontal disease. This interventional clinical trial was performed on 60 systemically healthy male and female subjects (20 to 50 years) who were categorised into Group-1, Twenty subjects with healthy periodontium, Group-2, Twenty subjects with generalized moderate gingivitis, and Group-3 (20 subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis (Stage III according to the new classification of periodontal diseases). The visfatin levels were measured in unstimulated saliva by using standard EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique at baseline and six weeks after NSPT. The salivary visfatin levels were highest in Group-3 (38.22±3.38 ng/ml) followed by Group - 2 (26.66±2.24 ng/ml) and Group-1 (25.60±2.19 ng/ml) at baseline. After NSPT statistically significant reduction in salivary visfatin levels (p<0.001) in Groups -2 and 3 were seen. Visfatin levels at baseline were almost equivocal in normal weight and overweight subjects, irrespective of body mass index and showed a statistically significant reduction in salivary visfatin levels in both groups six weeks after NSPT (p<0.001). The present study suggests that salivary visfatin is a strong contributor in the pathology of periodontal disease and can be used as its diagnostic/therapeutic biomarker.
Comparative Assessment of Traditional Medicine Utilizations in Three Adjacent Districts of East Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Haramaya Institute of Technology Haramaya University, P. O. Box 138 Dire Dawa, Ethiopia., Bussa Negussie F.
Published: February 2022

Traditional medicine (TM) is the earliest culturally-based alternative medicine extensively practised as a primary health care system in developing countries. The current study was designed to make the comparative assessment of TM utilization from three adjacent districts of east Hararghe, Ethiopia using a community-based cross sectional study. Study participants were selected using the systematic random sampling technique method until the required sample size was reached in each district. The majority of the respondents from the three districts were rural households, Muslims, 31 to 40 years old, illiterate, male-headed with seven or more family-sized households and had less than 1000 birr monthly income. The most frequently used homegrown TM remedies were Allium sativum (69.17%, 67.13%, and 68.42%), Capsicum spp (67.14%, 68.43%, and 69.33%), Guizotia arborescens (61.52%, 63.19%, and 59.17%) and Ocimum lamiifolium (59.11%, 61.13%, and 60.19%) in Haramaya, Meta and Kombolcha districts, respectively. Family and friends were the most trusted sources of information in utilizing TM. The highest commonly occurring diseases were diarrhoea, fever, Malaria and common colds. The majority of respondents used TM through the use of traditional healers (THs). Sick people in the community were treated at the serious stage of the illness. Grandmothers/fathers served as THs and they used herbs made in liquid form to treat the sick. The major factor impeding the respondents not to use modern health facilities are inaccessibility and unaffordability of western medicine and culturally accepted TM utilization in primary health care system the districts. Keywords: TM, Homemade remedies, Haramaya, Meta, Kombolcha, east Hararghe, Ethiopia.
Sandhigatvata: A Case Report
Authors:   Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir-180004, India, Khajuria Ritika
Published: February 2022

Sandhigata vata is a Vata dominating disorders which creates inflammatory as well as degenerative changes in joints. The condition is more painful when mobile joints like Janusandhi (knee joint) of the body are involved in Sandhigata Vata. The disease Sandhigata Vata is more prone to be affected the knee joint because it is most frequently involved joint in daily routine work. Knee joint is weight bearing joints among all joints so, more prevalence in overweight patients. In the pathogenesis of Sandhigata Vata it is found dominance of Vata Dosha. In the current study the main aim to evaluate the efficacy of Janu basti with Til tail in Sandhigatvata.
Ayurvedic Approach in Management of Dyslipidemia: A Case Study
Authors:   PG Scholar, Dept of kayachikitsa, BSDT’S Ayurved mahavidyalaya wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Bhoyar Deepak Deochand , Deshpande Anjali Aniruddha ,   HOD of kayachikitsa, BSDT’S Ayurved mahavidyalaya wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: February 2022

Dyslipidemia is one of the commonest presentation and major cause for various lifestyle disorders like cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, fatty liver, and many other diseases. The prevalence of High Cholesterol is present in 25-30% of Urban and 15-20% in rural subjects in Indian Population [1]. According to Ayurveda, Dyslipidemia is the corresponding output of Medovaha srotodushti. In Ayurveda, the line of treatment for medoroga is shodhana karma (Basti / Virechana chikitsa), Rukshana chikitsa, Udvartana, Shamana chikitsa Nidan parivarjana. Virechana therapy is considered as a purificatory procedure, which improves the functions of the digestive system by the way of intensive purgation. This therapy removes the toxins and waste from the body up to the cellular levels by excessive secretion of digestive juices, enzymes and biles. The Lipid lowering therapy in modern medicine including Statin and Fibrates is well tolerated with less side effects. But, this therapy in most of the cases is used lifelong and adds large financial burden in developing countries like India. A 64 year Female patient presented with complaints of Bharvruddhi (Overweight ), Swedadhikya (Excessive sweating), Angagaurav (Body heavyness), Ubhaya pada daha (Bilateral burning of foot), Katishoola (backache) since 1 year. Dadimashtaka Churna for rukshana, pachana purpose was given before virechana karma. Triphalaghruta was used for Abhyantar Snehapana in the form of accha snehapana. Sarvanga Snehana and Sarvanga Swedan was done with Nirgundi Oil and Nirgundi patra bashpa sweda. Triphala, Trivrutta, Kutaki Kwatha, Aragwadh, Manuka phant and Eranda Sneha was used for Virechana Yoga. On completion of the treatment the significant improvement was seen in Swedadhikya, Ubhayapadadaha,angagaurav, katishoola. The significant improvement was also observed in Lipid Profile. Thus, Virechana karma found effective in the patient of Dyslipidemia.
Clinical Evaluation of Unani formulation in Gastritis- A Pilot Study
Authors:   Government Medical Officer, AYUSH, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Nayak Talet , Parveen Farooqui Shazia ,   PhD Scholar, Dept. of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, Ahad Mariyam ,   PG Scholar, Dept. of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India, Bano Shaista ,   Research Officer, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Patna, India
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives: Gastritis is a painful or inflammatory state of the stomach and the mucosa covering it. The most common cause of gastritis is helicobacter pylorus. It is caused by certain infection, or by the routine use of antiinflammatory painkiller. Unani Physician has identified various medicinal products in classical text indicated for the treatment of gastritis. Therefore, a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Unani Formulation in gastritis on scientific parameters. Methods: The study was designed as single blind pilot study on 12 patients of gastritis. Unani Formulation (Amla-2 part, Asl-Us-Soos-2 part, and Badiyan-2part) was given in the form of powder at the dose of 6 g twice a day after meal for the period of 28 days. All the patients of were assessed weekly on subjective parameters (at 0, 7th, 14th , 21th, and 28th day) whereas objective parameters were assessed before and after the treatment. The outcome of intervention was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: The study effects on subjective parameters like pain in abdomen, epigastric burning, nausea & vomiting and early satiety were found significantly reduced significantly. The objective parameter VAS and 5 PLS was found highly significant when compared before and after with p<0.0001. The results were analyzed after using paired ‘t’ test. Interpretation & Conclusion: The findings about the both parameters (subjective and objective) that the ‘Unani Formulation is effective gastritis and the cure was significant. Safety parameters (SGOT, SGPT, Blood Urea and Serum Creatinine) were remains unchanged. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Unani Formulation is safe and effective in management of gastritis.
The effective treatment therapy of oral ulcers by traditional medicine: A prospective science opinion
Authors:   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, Lanh Thi-Ngoc , Le Quang-Ung ,   Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, Lay Horng-Liang ,   Chinese herbal medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Published: February 2022

Based on our knowledge and actual survey results in control and experiment of treament therapy of oral ulcer disease causing by toxic heat, which is one of the most popular oral ulcer diseases, by complementary/alternative medicine and especially the consumption of herbs. we briefly dialectic and recommend on treatment stratergy of this disease by suggested herbal medicine prescription. This work may be helpful to give insight knowledge of the oral ulcer treatment to practitioners, consumers and clinicians.
An approach to Panduhara Rasa Dravyas as per Rasa Ratna Samucchaya- A review
Authors:   Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Government Ayueveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560010, India, Akshatha  , Reddy Seema Mandi Balanaga ,   Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Government Ayueveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560010, India, Madikeri Surekha Shankrappa ,   Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Government Ayueveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka- 560010, India
Published: February 2022

Background: Mineral dosage forms (Rasoushadhis) with minute dose and quick activity has more bio-availability. Various single bhasmas or formulations are indicated in various disorders. Pandu is one among the rasa pradoshaja vikara. As the causes severalises the treatment modality also varies. Iron supplement alone is not sufficient to treat pandu roga, there are many other factors which influences in the treatment of pandu. Method: After the review of Rasaratnasamucchaya (RRS) the drugs like Shilajatu (Asphaltum punjabinum), Tamra (Cuprum), Loha (Ferrum), Mandura (Iron oxide), Yashada (Zinc) is also useful in the treatment of pandu roga. Along with this, the formulations indicated in Pandu roga mentioned in RRS contains other ingredients like abhraka, Swarna, rajata, rasa sindura, haratala, manashila, vaikranta, Swarna makshika, kansya with other herbal drugs may have synergetic activity. The present study was undertaken to review the single Bhasma indicated in Pandu as per the textbook of Rasaratnasamucchaya. Result: So in general, mandura bhasma is more effective in children comparing to lohabhasma, both acts as a hepatoprotective and improves the level of haemoglobin. Shilajatu acts a chelator when combined with the lohabhasma, tamrabhasma helps in the absorption of iron in the form of ferritin. Zinc is known to improve enzymatic action and thus helps in the better absorption of iron.
Anthelmintic lead compounds and their targets for drug development
Authors:   Assistant Professor, G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, Singla Sonia , Kaur Satvinder ,   Professor and Principal, G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Published: February 2022

Helminthiasis is a major health issue worldwide. Over 200 million peoples and 600 million school age children are manifested by these parasites. It is a wide spread neglected tropical decease of developing countries and affect majorly poor peoples. The helminthic parasites weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria. Trematode (flukes), cestode (tapeworm) and nematodes (round worm) are the members of helminth infection. Ascaris lumbricoides, Nector americanus, Ancyclostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichuria are are the parasites which spread infection without any vector and cause serious complications in lungs and CNS. Schistosoma species (trematodes or flukes) are mainly transmitted by contaminated fresh water. Cestodes (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata) transmit infection through contaminated and uncooked red meat and cyst in different tissue. Cyst in CNS results in pathological changes called neurocysticercosis. Nature is a big store house of remedies for ailments of mankind. Due to toxic effects of synthetic drugs, there’s a great need to invent new bio-active constituents and plants can complete this need effectually.
Acute and Sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Lantana trifolia (Verbenaceae) in experimental rodents
Authors: Musinya Ronny Ivayo , Mbaria James Mucunu , Ole-Mapenay Isaac M
Published: February 2022

Lantana trifolia, a plant of the Verbenaceae family, is traditionally used to treat several diseases; however, empirical data to validate its toxicity profile and safety is lacking. Thus, this study investigated the qualitative phytochemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of L. trifolia to validate its ethnomedicinal usage. Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the studied plant extract was performed based on standard procedures to appraise its pharmacological value. Acute oral toxicity of the study extract was investigated at dose levels of 300 mg/Kg BW and 2000 mg/Kg BW according to guideline 423 described by the Organization for Economic Co-operation (OECD) for 14 days. Sub-acute oral toxicity of the studied plant extract was investigated at three dose levels (250 mg/Kg BW, 500 mg/Kg BW, and 1000 mg/Kg BW) in Swiss albino mice based on the OECD guideline number 407 for 28 days, after which haematological, biochemical, and histological traits were determined. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars. In an acute oral toxicity study, the aqueous leaf extract of L. trifolia demonstrated a median lethal dose (LD50) of >2000 mg/Kg BW, depicting its safety. Following sub-acute oral toxicity, the urea levels in female mice which received 1000 mg/Kg BW of the aqueous leaf extract to L. trifolia were significantly elevated compared to those of the control group mice (P<0.05). Also, significantly higher platelet counts were observed in all the extract-treated mice compared with those of the control group mice (P<0.05). Additionally, the mice administered with 1000 mg/Kg BW of the studied plant extracts demonstrated diffuse tubular epithelium degeneration, indicating nephrotoxicity and a dose-related hepatocyte degeneration, indicating hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The aqueous leaf extract of L. trifolia may be relatively non-toxic when administered orally for a short period. The aqueous leaf extract of L. trifolia induces nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in experimental mice when administered sub-acutely at a dose of ≥1000 mg/Kg BW.
Modulation of steroid hormone synthesis by alcoholic extract of Asparagus racemosus on MCF-7 cells
Authors: Gowda Dhanusha , Samraj Sujith , Ravindran Nisha Aynikattil , Kariyil Bibu John , Kanakkaparambil Raji , Krishnan Aathira Kadakkaparambil , Shahjahan Haima Jumailathu
Published: February 2022

The objective of the study was to elucidate the effect of alcoholic extract of A. racemosus on oestrogen and progesterone synthesis from MCF-7 cells. The root tubers of A. racemosus was collected dried, extracted in soxhlet, solvent evaporated and dried and was used for study. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was done. The IC50 was determined by doing MTT assay in MCF-7 cell lines. MCF-7 cells cultured in RPMI-1640 were exposed to IC50, half and double the doses of IC50 for 96 hours and the media collected every 48 hours to determine the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone using ELISA. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, diterpenes, triterpenes, tannins, glycosides and saponins The IC50 was found to be 267 µg/mL. The extract of A. racemosus caused an increase in the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone secreted by MCf-7 cells in a dose and time dependent fashion. There was an increase in the secretion of progesterone in a dose depenedent fashion compared to untreated cells, whereas the secretion decreased at 96 hours compared to 48 hours. From the study, it could be concluded that alcoholic extract of A. racemosus caused a positive modulation of steroid hormone synthesis.
Anti-dermatophytic activity of Salvia nilotica methanolic crude leaf extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Authors: Chepkwony Joseph K , Mwitari Peter G , Kipsumbai Pixley K , Bii Christine C , Tuei Vivian C
Published: February 2022

Conventional medicine used against dermatophytosis has resulted in treatment failure, relapses of the fungal infection and side effects due to its use. Herbalist in the Tugen community in Kenya claim that Salvia nilotica leaves have anti-dermatophytic effects but there is no scientific documentation for these claims. This study determined the phytochemical constituents in Salvia nilotica methanolic crude leaf extract, its anti-dermatophytic activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and probable mode of action through the effects on metalloprotease 2 (MEP2), sulphite efflux pump (SSU1), subtilisin 3 (SUB3) and dipeptidyl-peptidases V (DDPV) target genes. The phytochemical constituents of S. nilotica leaf extract were determined using standard methods. Food-poisoned technique was used to determine the anti-dermatophytic activity of extract at different concentrations ranging from 7.76 mg/mL to 77.59 mg/mL versus the standard, fluconazole. Comparative CT analysis of real time quantitative PCR data was utilized for gene expression analysis. The Phytochemical-rich Salvia nilotica leaf extract was found to have anti-dermatophytic activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes which was not significantly different (p < 0.05) when compared with fluconazole treatments. In addition, MEP2, SSU1, SUB3, and DPPV genes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes were down regulated by different folds by the extract. This study has shown that Salvia nilotica crude leaf methanolic extract could offer a potential alternative medicine for dermatophytosis treatment.
Evaluation of acute oral toxicity of a herbal semen quality enhancer
Authors: Hajare Sunil , Ingole Ranjit Suresh , Ingawale Mahesh Kumar Vitthal , Borekar Vivek , Kumar David , Kotagiri Ravikanth , Ganguly Bhaskar
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the acute oral toxicity of AV/SGB/27 (M/s Ayurvet Limited) in accordance with OECD-423 guideline. AV/SGB/27 is a herbal formulation for enhancing semen quality of livestock. Nine healthy and adult nulliparous nonpregnant Swiss albino female mice, weighing 24-28 g, were used in this study. After being given test material orally, the mice were examined for toxic effects and mortality. Changes in body weights, symptoms of toxicity, histological appearances of liver, kidney, and lungs, and biochemical parameters were used to assess the toxicity. No toxic effects or mortalities were noticed until the trial was completed, indicating that AV/SGB/27 is safe for oral consumption.
An Investigation into the Impact of Decentralization on the Health System of Nepal
Authors: Rushton S. , Pandey S. , Van Teijlingen E. , Subedi M. , Balen J. , Karki J. , Simkhada P.
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces our international research project ‘The impact of federalisation on Nepal's health system: a longitudinal analysis’, which is examining the effects of changing Nepal’s constitution towards a federal republic on its health system. After a short overview of recent changes in the constitution of Nepal, which in turn affects the organisation of the nation’s health system, we offer a short theoretical introduction on the decentralisation of health systems. We briefly outline the WHO (World Health Organization) Health System Building Blocks and some of the issues for policy and practice that have arisen in other countries where similar major system-wide reforms have been implemented. After this, we outline the key research questions and research methods of our study, which involves an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from Nepal and the UK and will be conducted over a period of three years, from 2020 to 2023.
Antioxidant and Thrombolytic Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn.
Authors: Raut B. , Khanal D.P. , Bhandari K.
Published: February 2022

Background: Plants have been used since a long time for the therapeutic use and precursors of therapeutic agents. People depend upon the herbal and traditional medicine to satisfy their health care needs. Achyranthes aspera L. is a multifunctional plant used to treat various kinds of diseases. It possesses various type of activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activity. Study of various biological activities helps to provide evidence to the traditional knowledge. Therefore, antioxidant and thrombolytic activities of its stem-leaves were aimed to explore in the present study.
Methods: Quantitative experimental method was applied to its antioxidant and thrombolytic activities. Stem-leaves of Achyranthes aspera collected from Thankot, Kathmandu was subjected for methanolic extraction by maceration method. The extract was screened for the antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical scavenging assay as well as thrombolytic activity through the clot lysis assay in human blood.
Results: The methanolic extractive value by using maceration was found to be 6.12%. Extract showed their antioxidant and thrombolytic potentialities. The concentration of antioxidants needed to decrease the initial DPPH concentration by 50% (IC50) was found to be 30.5μg/ml for its extract and it was almost 5-fold lesser than ascorbic acid, 6.62 μg/ml. Similarly, the% clot lysis was found to be 7.29 % and 15.35 % in 10 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml concentration respectively.
 Conclusion: The study suggests that stem-leaves of Achyranthes asperaare the possible sources of natural radical scavenger as well as thrombolytic agents. Thus, they could be used as natural antioxidants as well antithrombosis in the beverage, functional food and pharmaceutical industries that need further wide range in vivo studies.
Individual and Collaborative Online Learning – Reasonable Compromise
Authors: Gurba Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

The collaborative attitude to education in general and e-learning in particular has become increasingly popular and productive. It preserves certain learning values connected with social context of learning and new phenomena of networking and using the tools of social media in education. Collaborative learning values include mutual inspiration, crowdsourcing, problem learning, peer learning and the like. More careful and elaborated look is necessary to pinpoint all important constituents of the overall positive account of social learning. One should take into account historical background and theoretical basis for a new wave in collaborative pedagogy.At the same time, we face one of the greatest challenges in modern online learning, especially in its massive edition, including a new wave of MOOCs. It is a challenge of respecting an individual and open choice of learning path, even within more and more uniform massive online courses. One possible way of providing free choice of student’s learning path is to offer more adaptive academic curricula.The purpose of the study was to determine the students’ attitudes toward community and individual online learning to explore their preferences in this regard, and to have them evaluate which of these forms held more promise for the future. In the study, we were also interested in tendencies in the choice of online learning and traditional learning, as well as factors that may influence the direction of these trends. The results showed that there are dichotomies and conflicts between individual and collaborative online learning as far as sets of values are concerned. But the user practice shows that the reconciliation between the two is possible.
Penerapan Zahir Accounting Dalam Transaksi Pembelian Barang PD. Mitrasarana Komputindo Pontianak
Authors: Latifah Latifah , Larasati Prianka
Published: February 2022

Manually accounting processing has more risks compared using a computerized system. For example, in the simplest terms of journal entry, there is often a doubling, or twice the input with the same memorandum number in different transactions. This make an imbalance of ledgers and financial reports that are made later, this is what happens to PD. Mitrasarana Komputindo which still uses the manual system in preparing its financial statements. Most of the data recording is using Microsoft Excel, from customer and vendor data, account data, general journals till financial reports. This can have an impact on financial statements ineffective and requires a long time because all data is not directly related. The occurrence of errors can also result in inaccuracies in the financial statements produced and delays in finding the data needed. PD Mitrasarana Komputindo requires an accounting application can make it easy to process financial data and business decisions quickly and accurately. Then it can reduce errors that can occur in processing financial data and if we want to find the data it will be easier and faster than recording data in writing. Using Zahir Accounting 5.1 version be an alternative in processing existing data, and expected to reduce errors, both in the input and calculation process.
Penerapan Extreme Programming Untuk Mengakomodir Perubahan Kebutuhan Pengguna Dalam Pembuatan Aplikasi Persediaan
Authors: Ulandari Ria , Oktaviani Syamsiah Nurfia , Maulana Reza
Published: February 2022

Persediaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi suatu perusahaan, termasuk perusahaan dagang. Pengelolaan persediaan yang baik merupakan salah satu hal untuk menjaga likuiditas perusahaan. Pemanfaatan sistem informasi persediaan merupakan suatu perubahan yang harus dilakukan agar tujuan perusahaan tercapai dalam waktu yang lebih singkat dan dengan biaya yang minimal. Pembuatan suatu sistem informasi bagi suatu perusahaan yang usahanya telah berjalan stabil memerlukan suatu metode khusus agar sistem yang akan digunakan dapat segera dimanfaatkan sesuai dengan proses bisnis yang berjalan. Untuk itu, keterlibatan pengguna sistem dari awal sampai akhir tahap pembuatan sistem sangat diperlukan, dan fleksibilitas perubahan kebutuhan juga harus diakomodasi dengan baik oleh pengembang sistem. Extreme Programing (XP) menjawab harapan tersebut, karena fleksibilitasnya yang mampu menghadirkan sistem sesuai kebutuhan pengguna, yang sering berubah dalam rentang pengembangan sistem. Aplikasi Inventory pada Divisi Al Akram merupakan studi kasus yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini. Dengan memanfaatkan XP, peneliti berhasil membuat aplikasi Inventory (AkaDia) dengan pencapaian hasil uji penerimaan pengguna mencapai 94%.
Aplikasi E-Retailing Berbasis WEB Pada PT. SMART Retail Perkasa Kota Pontianak
Authors: Wahyuni Ayu
Published: February 2022

PT. Smart Retail Perkasa adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang retail atau kegiatan bisnis yang tidak hanya menjual produk nyata kepada konsumen, menjual jasa atau jasa kepada konsumen akhir untuk penggunaan pribadi tidak tetapi juga menambah nilai produk melalui bisnis tambahan. Selama ini PT. Smart Retail Perkasa Kota Pontianak masih menggunakan sistem manual dalam pemesanan dan pencatatan pesanan secara online, dan belum adanya laporan rekapitulasi penjualan online hal ini dapat menghambat perusahaan dalam memperoleh informasi laba/rugi dan perkembangan aset yang dimiliki sehingga dapat berdampak pada proses pengambilan keputusan yang tidak tepat. Sistem penjualan dan keterbatasan promosi barang pada perusahaan perlu dibuat dan dikembangkan suatu aplikasi penjualan berbasis online yang memungkinkan perusahaan dan konsumen berinteraksi untuk memesan barang secara mudah dan langsung, sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam pengelolaan data pesanan, transaksi, dan laporan keuangan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian berikut ini menggunakan metode waterfall. Hasil dari penelitian berikut ini berupa perancangan aplikasi yang mampu mengelola data penjualan online. Aplikasi e-retailing berbasis web ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP (Hypertext Processor) sebagai alat bantu dan menjalankan perangkat lunak, Sublime Text 3 sebagai editor source code, MySQL sebagai database, Php Myadmin 4.9.2 sebagai editor database, dan Wampserver 3.2.0. sebagai webserver.
Impacts of Graded Doses of Pyridoxine on the Biomarkers, Aspartate Aminotransferase, lactate Dehydrogenase and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Rats
Authors: Abdul Ridha Doaa Kadhim , Al-Shawi Nada Naji
Published: February 2022

Abstract:

       The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible protective effect of graded doses (5, 10, and 15mg/kg) of pyridoxine hydrochloride intraperitoneally injected against (15mg/kg) doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female rats. Fifty-six (56) Wistar albino female rats were utilized weighing 180-200 gm allocated into eight groups, seven rats each; Group I: negative control distilled water; Group II: Pyridoxine (5mg/kg); Group III: Pyridoxine (10mg/kg); Group IV: Pyridoxine (15mg/kg); Group V: doxorubicin (15 mg/kg); Group VI: Pyridoxine (5 mg/kg) prior to doxorubicin (15 mg/kg); Group VII: Pyridoxine (10 mg/kg) prior to doxorubicin (15 mg/kg); Group VIII: Pyridoxine (15 mg/kg) prior to doxorubicin (15 mg/kg). DOX caused significant elevations in serum biomarker enzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and significant reduction in heart tissue homogenate content of total antioxidants capacity (TAOC). Treatment with 15mg/kg pyridoxine for four consecutive days prior to a single dose 15mg/kg doxorubicin resulted in significant reduction in serum enzymes level of AST and LDH. Treatment with 10 or 15mg/kg pyridoxine for four consecutive days prior to a single dose of doxorubicin produced significant increments in TAOC heart tissue homogenate level compared to positive control. In conclusion, pyridoxine supplementation might be a promising adjunctive agent for improving oxidative stress and biological markers for preventing DOX-induced cardiac complications.
Directions for Reducing Excessive Import Dependence of Ukraine’s Economy
Authors:   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine, Panasa Myrnogo, 26, Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine, Olefir Volodymyr
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions and methods of reducing excessive import dependence of the Ukrainian econ­omy. To achieve the goal of the study, the following methods were used: comparison, grouping, averages, seasonal smoothing of time series, factor analysis. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the Ukrainian economy are estimated. A comparative analysis of the import dependence of the Ukrainian economy with the import dependence of the economies of other countries was made. It is proved that the level of import dependence of Ukraine’s economy is excessive. The main reasons for excessive import dependence are identified. The negative consequences of excessive import dependence have been studied. Foreign experience of increasing competi­tiveness and reducing import dependence is analyzed. The effectiveness of national programs to increase domestic production is summarized. Direc­tions to reduce excessive import dependence are proposed. The concept of rational protectionism is substantiated.
How ICT Encourages Informal Mentoring Networks to Promote Gender Equality in Times of Pandemic
Authors:   Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal, Silveira Clara , Reis Leonilde ,   Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal, Costa Rita ,   Junior Research, Gaia, Portugal, Costa Maria José ,   College of Gaia, Gaia, Portugal
Published: February 2022

Gender equality promotion initiatives are increasingly needed to foster the choice of the scientific area of engineering. Currently, in higher education, it is observed that regarding engineering courses women practi­cally have no representation in relation to the number of male students. The article presents the problem in the field of Gender Equality interrelating with the Sustainable Development Goals. The research methodology adopted is Design Science Research, given the specificity of the problem. The main results and contributions are the literature review in the field of the theme under study, as well as the various initiatives in the national Portuguese context and focus on a set of instruments of debate and dissemination in­volving testimonies of former students and the community. These initiatives promote Gender Equality in engineering courses in Higher Education, en­hancing the choice of these courses.
Macro-Environment Factors Determining SME Development in the Slovak Republic
Authors:   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia, Kráľová Katarína , Sochuľáková Jana ,   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia, Petrušová Dagmar ,   Alexander Dubček University in Trenčín, Faculty of Social and Economic Relations, Študentská 3, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia
Published: February 2022

Business in the segment of small and medium enterprises has its specifics. Due to their size, these companies have several advantages over large companies, but also several disadvantages. An important factor for the development of the economy is the performance and success of small and medium-sized enterprises, which depend not only on their ability to ef­fectively use production factors or internal resources but also on the struc­ture and quality of the business environment. The presented paper aims to describe the development of the macroeconomic environment in the Slovak Republic and its impact on the development of SMEs through the analysis of selected specific national economic indicators, as well as to outline other possible directions. By analysing selected macro indicators, we want to cap­ture the development trends of the environment in which SMEs carry out their business activities, and which can significantly affect them.