bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Застосування нейронних мереж до аналізу курсу валют
Authors: Burtnyak Ivan , Kusnir Oleksandr
Published: July 2023

У статті проаналізовано застосування інформаційних технологій до аналізу фондового ринку, а саме до дослідження динаміки курсу української валюти, яка дозволить зробити висновок щодо ринку в цілому. Для ознайомлення та аналізу з фінансовими даними застосовано дослідницький аналіз даних. Це підхід до узагальнення, візуалізації та глибокого ознайомлення з важливими характеристиками набору даних. При аналізі та передбаченні динаміки складних фінансових систем в даний час не можна обійтися без такого потужного інструменту як мови програмування Python та нейромережних технологій. Нейронні мережі знаходять нові успішні застосування в практиці управління та прийняття рішень, у тому числі – у фінансовій та торговельній сферах, тобто усюди, де потрібно знайти певну приховану закономірність та зробити прогноз інструментів фондового ринку, спрямованих на досягнення макроекономічної стабілізації та динамічного розвитку фінансового ринку. Здійснено прогнозування динаміки інструментів фондового ринку, що дозволяє проводити аналіз та зробити запобіжні висновки і пропозиції, щоб мінімізувати ризики щодо ціноутворення деривативів, які виникають на фондовому ринку. Застосовано нейронні мережі для прогнозування валютного курсу, що дозволяє звести до мінімуму спекулятивні зміни в ціноутворенні, здійснювати аналіз проходження процесів на фондовому ринку та робити конкретні кроки для покращення ситуації щодо оптимізації фінансових стратегій. В результаті проведеного аналізу можна відзначити, що інформаційні технології мають велике застосування у фінансовій сфері діяльності. Доведено ефективність застосування інформаційних технологій для аналізу даних та здатність нейронних мереж до однієї з найбільш затребуваної задачі фінансової діяльності – прогнозування майбутньої вартості різних інструментів. Можна стверджувати, що найкращий результат дає поєднання інформаційних технологій з експертними системами це дозволяє з великою точністю обчислювати значення цін деривативів та проводити моніторинг зміни швидкості фінансових потоків. Використана методика дозволяє збільшити точність прогнозу та приймати обґрунтовані управлінські стратегічні рішення учасниками фондового ринку.
Synthesis and characterization of ground biochar (GB) reinforced composites for removal of heavy metal from palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Authors: Rahman Md Rezaur , James Anthonette Anak , Marwani Hadi M. , Hamdan Sinin bin , Mohamad Said Khairul Anwar bin , Bin Bakri Muhammad Khusairy , Uddin Jamal , Matin Mohammed Mahbubul , Madkhali O. , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: July 2023

Heavy metal contamination ruins the ecosystem and water quality. The adsorption method for heavy metal remediation is preferred because of its low cost and high efficiency. This work created eco-friendly ground biochar (GB) biomass-based derivatives reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The composites improved palm oil mill effluent (POME) conditions, and H2SO4 activation increased pores by 80%. PLA and TiO2 altered GB characteristics, according to FTIR analysis. A significant adhesion interaction showed that GB, PLA, and TiO2 particles were compatible. Ball milling’s shear force increased surface area, according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) research. Particle size reduction increased GB porosity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the porous structure of GB and the synergistic effect of PLA and TiO2 on POME during treatment. The SEM showed several components on the composite surface, demonstrating its efficacy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed that sample C’s composite, which had the most GB, decreased POME heavy metals by 94.4% manganese (Mn), 88.4% cadmium (Cd), and 94.4% zinc (Zn). The resulting POME met the Malaysian Department of Environment’s POME discharge limit by reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and pH.
Kraft mill biorefinery to produce acetic acid and ethanol: Technical economic analysis
Authors: Mao Haibo , Genco Joseph M. , van Heiningen Adriaan , Pendse Hemant
Published: July 2023

The “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” involves extraction of hemicellulose using green liquor prior to kraft pulping. Ancillary unit operations include hydrolysis of the extracted carbohydrates using sulfuric acid, removal of extracted lignin, liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid, liming followed by separation of gypsum, fermentation of C5 and C6 sugars, and upgrading the acetic acid and ethanol products by distillation. The process described here is a variant of the “near neutral hemicellulose extraction process” that uses the minimal amount of green liquor to maximize sugar production while still maintaining the strength quality of the final kraft pulp. Production rates vary between 2.4 to 6.6 million gallons per year of acetic acid and 1.0 and 5.6 million gallons per year of ethanol, depending upon the pulp production rate. The discounted cash flow rate of return for the process is a strong function of plant size, and the capital investment depends on the complexity of the process. For a 1,000 ton per day pulp mill, the production cost for ethanol was estimated to vary between $1.63 and $2.07/gallon, and for acetic acid between $1.98 and $2.75 per gallon depending upon the capital equipment requirements for the new process. To make the process economically attractive, for smaller mill sizes the processing must be simplified to facilitate reductions in capital cost.
Dimensional stability, UV resistance, and static mechanical properties of Scots pine chemically modified with alkylene expoxides
Authors: Pandey Krishna K. , Hughes Mark , Vuorinen Tapani
Published: July 2023

Unprotected wood exposed outdoors suffers from photodegradation due to absorption of UV light by lignin and dimensional changes because of moisture absorption or desorption by free hydroxyl groups in wood constituents. Chemical modification of cell wall polymers is one of the effective methods of inducing dimensional stability and UV resistance in wood. In this work, etherification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was carried out with alkylene epoxides. Extracted blocks of Scots pine were modified with propylene oxide (PO) and butylene oxide (BO) between 30 and 75 oC for different durations and under varying alkaline conditions. Different weight percent gains (WPG) were obtained. WPG increased with temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. The dimensional stability, mechanical properties, and UV resistance of chemically modified wood were evaluated. Etherified wood exhibited an improvement in dimensional stability, but the efficacy dropped with successive water-soaking, oven-drying cycles, indicating a loss of modifying chemical. After four soak-dry cycles, both modifications retained positive anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) values; however, at WPG values >30%, the PO modified material exhibited a reduction in ASE, indicating cell wall degradation. Both PO and BO modified wood exhibited a loss in static mechanical properties measured as modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, with the reduction being dependent upon the level of modification. Modification of wood with PO provided partial photo stability to wood polymers, whereas BO was more promising in improving dimensional stability.
XPS characterization and percolation behavior of polyaniline-coated conductive paper
Authors: Li Jian , Qian Xueren , Wang Lijuan , An Xianhu
Published: July 2023

Polyaniline (PAn)-coated conductive paper was prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline and a two-step process. XPS results confirmed that the bond between PAn and cellulose existed in the form of hydrogen bonding. The mild treatment did not result in the oxidation and degradation of cellulose. Decreased bonding strength of conductive paper was attributed to the coverage of hydroxyl groups on pulp fibers by PAn. For the PAn-coated paper about one in every three nitrogen atoms was doped with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The quinoid imine nitrogens of the PAn molecular chain were preferentially doped. Pulp fibers seemed to be favorable for the doping of PAn with PTSA. The surface resistivity sharply decreased at least two orders of magnitude with a very small increase in the amount of PAn coated (from 3.6% to 4.2%). A continuous conductive network was formed and the surface resistivity was lowest when the amount of PAn coated reached 30.1%. The upper and lower threshold values were around 4% and 30%, respectively. SEM study showed that the shape of the PAn coated on pulp fibers was spherical with a diameter from 100 to 200 nm.
Luffa cylindrica as a lignocellulosic source of fiber, microfibrillated cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Siqueira Gilberto , Bras Julien , Dufresne Alain
Published: July 2023

In this work the annual plant called Luffa cylindrica (LC) has been characterized and used to prepare macroscopic lignocellulosic fibers and cellulosic nanoparticles, viz. microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and whiskers, each of which can be used as a reinforcing phase in bionanocomposites. The morphological, chemical, and physical properties of LC fibers were first characterized. The contents of lignin, hemicellulose, and other constituents were determined, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were performed to investigate the surface morphology of the LC fibers. Sugars contents were determined by ionic chromatography, and it was shown that glucose was the main sugar present in the residue. MFC and whiskers were prepared after chemical treatments (NaOH and NaClO2), purifying cellulose by eliminating lignin and hemicellulose. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM made it possible to determine the dimensions of LC whiskers and MFC. Tensile tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of LF nanoparticles.
Effect of chemical treatment on rice husk (RH) reinforced polyethylene (PE) composites
Authors: Rahman Md. Rezaur , Islam Md. Nazrul , Huque Md. Monimul , Hamdan Sinin , Ahmed Abu Saleh
Published: July 2023

In this study rice husk reinforced polyethylene composites and their test specimens were manufactured using a single screw extruder and an injection molding machine, respectively. Raw rice husk was chemically treated with benzene diazonium salt in alkali, acidic, and neutral media, in order to improve in the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the composites prepared from alkaline media treated rice husk were found to increase substantially compared to those of acidic media, neutral media, and untreated ones. However, the values for the alkaline media treated rice husk-PE composites at all mixing ratios were found to be higher than those of treated acidic media, treated neutral media, and untreated rice husk composites respectively. The SEM micrographs reveal that interfacial bonding between the treated filler and the matrix has significantly improved, suggesting that better dispersion of the filler into the matrix was achieved upon treatment of rice husk. Based on filler loading, 35% filler reinforced composites had the optimum set of mechanical properties among all composites manufactured.
Alkaline pretreatment of spruce and birch to improve bioethanol and biogas production
Authors: Mirahmadi Kambiz , Kabir Maryam Mohseni , Jeihanipour Azam , Karimi Keikhosro , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: July 2023

Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH under mild operating conditions was used to improve ethanol and biogas production from softwood spruce and hardwood birch. The pretreatments were carried out at different temperatures between minus 15 and 100ºC with 7.0% w/w NaOH solution for 2 h. The pretreated materials were then enzymatically hydrolyzed and subsequently fermented to ethanol or anaerobically digested to biogas. In general, the pretreatment was more successful for both ethanol and biogas production from the hardwood birch than the softwood spruce. The pretreatment resulted in significant reduction of hemicellulose and the crystallinity of cellulose, which might be responsible for improved enzymatic hydrolyses of birch from 6.9% to 82.3% and spruce from 14.1% to 35.7%. These results were obtained with pretreatment at 100°C for birch and 5°C for spruce. Subsequently, the best ethanol yield obtained was 0.08 g/g of the spruce while pretreated at 100°C, and 0.17 g/g of the birch treated at 100°C. On the other hand, digestion of untreated birch and spruce resulted in methane yields of 250 and 30 l/kg VS of the wood species, respectively. The pretreatment of the wood species at the best conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in 83% and 74% improvement in methane production from birch and spruce.
Surface characteristics and overlaying properties of MDF panels made from thermally treated rubberwood fibers
Authors: Jarusombuti Songklod , Ayrilmis Nadir , Bauchongkol Piyawade , Fueangvivat Vallayuth
Published: July 2023

The objectives of this research were to investigate surface characteristics and overlaying properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels, as affected by thermal treatment of the fibers. MDF panels were manufactured from untreated rubberwood fibers and fibers treated at three different temperatures (120, 150, or 180°C) for 15 or 30 min. Contact angle measurements were obtained by using a goniometer connected with a digital camera and computer system. Roughness measurements, average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), and maximum roughness (Ry), were taken from the sanded samples along and across the sandmarks using a fine stylus tracing technique. With the increasing thermal treatment temperature and time of the fibers, surface roughness of the panels decreased, while their wettability and adhesive bonding strength decreased. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesive bonding strength of the panels following thermal treatment. Based on the findings obtained from this study, the contact angle and surface roughness parameters of the MDF panels made from thermally treated rubberwood fibers can provide a good information on their ability to bond.
Chemical and thermal characterization of three industrial lignins and their corresponding lignin esters
Authors: Fox S. Carter , McDonald Armando G.
Published: July 2023

Corn stover and rice straw lignin samples received from ethanol pilot plants, along with softwood kraft lignin samples, were characterized using pyrolysis GC-MS, 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, and permanganate oxidation degradation. The lignins were then esterified using 1-methylimidazole as a catalyst in a pyridine-free reaction, and the thermal properties of the products were evaluated. Solid state NMR showed the rice straw lignin contained 18% residual polysaccharides. Pyrolysis GC-MS showed the softwood kraft, corn stover, and rice straw lignins to be G – type, H/G/S – type, and G/S – type, respectively. However, some discrepancy was apparent between the pyrolysis and permanganate oxidation studies as to the ratios of the monomeric make-up of the lignins. The kraft and rice straw lignins were determined to have high degrees of condensation, while the corn stover lignin was uncondensed. Little to no increase in solubility was noticed for corn stover or rice straw lignin esters in organic solvents. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the lignin derivatives were determined by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and parallel plate rheometry.
Changes in the biochemical parameters of blood and the morphological structure of the pancreas in rats with acute pancreatitis and their correction using corvitin
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanchuk P.I. , Shtanova L.Ya. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Komarov I.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Veselsky S.P. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Vovkun T.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Lugovskoy S.P. ,   Dmytro F. Chebotarov Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klymenko P.P. ,   Dmytro F. Chebotarov Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravchenko O.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Magomedov O.M. ,   Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammation of the pancreas characterized by a severe course and a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of AP is still not fully understood, so there is currently a lack of treatment. Corvitin is a water-soluble form of quercetin that retains all the properties of quercetin and has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of corvitin on biochemical blood parameters and morphological features of the pancreas in rats with AP caused by intraperitoneal administration of L-arginine (200 mg/100 g). This model of AP is non-invasive, highly reproducible and causes selective, dose-dependent necrosis of acinar cells and is ideal both for studying the pathomechanisms of AP and for observing and influencing changes in the course of the disease. The legality of using this model is confirmed by the morphostructural changes in the pancreas that are characteristic of AP. In rats with AP, an increase in the blood concentration of α-amylase (twice), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (three times), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (one and a half times) compared to control values was observed already on the first day of the pathology development. On the second day of AP, the level of glucose and urea in the blood of rats increased by 34 and 22%, respectively, while the creatinine content did not change. Under the influence of corvitin (50 mg/kg), the levels of α-amylase, ALT and glucose decreased already after a day, while the content of AST and urea increased and remained so until the 8th day of observation. The most positive dynamics of morphological changes in the pancreas of rats was observed when corvitin was used on the first day of AP induction.
THE CONDITION OF T- AND B-CELLS SPECIFIC IMMUNITY IN DOGS WITH BREAST TUMORS
Authors:   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, N.А. N.А. , О.І. О.І. ,   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, A.R. A.R. ,   Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Lviv, Ukraine, Y.Т. Y.Т. ,   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, I.О. I.О. ,   PrJSC Enzym Company, D.І. D.І. ,   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, M.B. M.B. ,   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, K.B. K.B. ,   Institute of animal biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the research was to determine the activity of Tand B-cell specific protection in dogs 9–13 years old age with benign and malignant tumors of the mammary glands to assess the level of immune response to the pathological process. Assessment of the activity of cellular factors of immunity has been carried out by determining the number of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs in the reaction of spontaneous rosette formation with ram erythrocytes. The clinical classification and determination of the stage of breast tumors were carried out according to the TNM system. The studies have shown that the occurrence of breast tumor diseases in dogs has a significant effect on the activity of T- and B-cellular link of specific immunity mechanisms, especially the number of T-lymphocytes and their populations in animals with malignant neoplasia. In particular, in the blood of animals with malignant neoplasia of the mammary glands, the number of Tlymphocytes (common and, especially, theophylline resistant) decreases accompanied with an increase in the number of T-suppressors, which is an important criterion for predicting the course of the disease. These changes in the number of Tlymphocytes in the blood of dogs of the experimental groups have led to a decrease in the amount of immunoregulatory index, which indicates a decrease in lymphocytic activity. In the blood of dogs with malignant neoplasia, a tendency to increase the number of antigenic-dependent B-lymphocytes has been shown. Similar changes, only of a lesser extent, are also have been demonstrated in the blood of dogs with benign breast neoplasia. Thus, the results of the research showed that the development of mammary gland tumors in dogs was accompanied by an immunosuppressive effect on the specific defense mechanisms, especially the T-cell link of the immune response in animals with malignant neoplasms.
Location and characteristics of stingless bee nests (Apidae: Meliponini) in the Cycloop Mountain Nature Reserve, Indonesia
Authors: Reinhard Jesajas David , Atmowidi Tri , Juliandi Berry , Kahono Sih
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Stingless bees are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, the distribution of stingless bees are grouped in three regions, namely Indo-Malayan, Wallacea, and Indo-Australian. Ten species of stingless bees have been recorded in Papua, seven of which are endemic. The Cycloop Mountains Nature Reserve (CMNR) is one of the conservation area in Papua, Indonesia, for flora and fauna. Unfortunately, the study of the diversity of stingless bees in Papua has been limited. Objective: To measure the diversity, nesting sites, nest entrance characteristics and nest architecture of stingless bees. Methods: Observation of the stingless bee nests in the nature reserves and in the residential areas used a road sampling method and information from local people, respectively. A total of 22 colonies were studied. Results: Two species of stingless bee were found, namely Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell, 1911) and Heterotrigona (Platytrigona) planifrons (Smith, 1865). The current study showed new distribution records for T. sapiens and H. planifrons in the CMNR. The nesting site of T. sapiens was commonly found in house foundation, while that of H. planifrons was in coconut palm cavities. The nest entrance of T. sapiens varied, i.e., elliptical, oval, rounded, irregular, horizontally or vertically elongated. Meanwhile, the nest entrance of H. planifrons was vertically elongated. The brood cells of T. sapiens varied, i.e., vertical, horizontal, or semi-clusters, while in H. planifrons was layered vertically. Conclusions: Two species of stingless bees found, T. sapiens and H. planifrons, showed a new distribution records and T. sapiens was a dominant species in Papua. The nest entrance of the species varied in shape, color, and texture.
Remoción de semillas por la ardilla Notocitellus adocetus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) en el oeste de México
Authors: Flores-Alta Daniel , Rivera-Ortiz Francisco Alberto , Contreras González Ana María
Published: July 2023

Introducción: La dispersión y depredación de semillas tienen efectos importantes en la diversidad de plantas y estructura de las comunidades. Los roedores participan en estos tipos de interacciones. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la remoción de semillas de Crescentia alata, Randia capitata y Zea mays por la ardilla Notocitellus adocetus para determinar su efecto en estas especies de plantas, dispersando o depredando semillas. Métodos: observamos el forrajeo y usamos cámaras trampas para determinar la parte del fruto (semilla y/o pulpa) consumida y la intensidad de consumo por las ardillas. También colocamos trampas de arena fina (FST) para medir el porcentaje de remoción de semillas. Cuantificamos los frutos producidos por las especies estudiadas y el porcentaje de daño ocasionado por N. adocetus, mediante parcelas. Resultados: Notocitellus adocetus se alimenta de las semillas y pulpa de C. alata y Z. mays. La especie que tuvo mayor tasa de remoción y mayor porcentaje de daño fue C. alata. La especie con mayor porcentaje de remoción, mayor número de frutos y menor daño en las FST fue Z. mays. En las trampas de arena fina, R. capitata tuvo la menor remoción de semillas. Conclusiones: Notocitellus adocetus es considerada depredadora de semillas, no obstante, por su comportamiento y las características de los frutos de C. alata y R. capitata, este roedor podría dejar disponibles las semillas a dispersores secundarios de semillas.
Dispersion of seeds at night and day in sub-Andean forests, Cueva Los Guacharos Park, Colombia
Authors: Bautista Plazas Sebastián , Stevenson Diaz Pablo Roberto
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Much has been argued about the importance of the role that different types of frugivores play as seed dispersers in plant communities, but few studies have been actually carried out. Objective: We evaluated and compared diurnal and nocturnal seed dispersal in a primary and secondary sub-Andean forest in Southern Colombia. Methods: We estimated number and biomass (kg/ha) of seeds dispersed over one year (2017) using 60 fruit traps that were checked before sunrise and before sunset for 10 continuous days every two months. Results: We found that from 1 874 dispersed seeds, 55.8 % (10.9 kg/ha) were collected during the day and 44.2 % (6.39 kg/ha) at night. There were no significant differences between diurnal and nocturnal seed dispersal in number of seeds or biomass. We also found no difference in between seed dispersal that in the primary forest and secondary forest over time. Within diurnal organisms, primates and fruit-eating birds appear to be primarily responsible for this ecosystem service during the day; while bats, birds (e.g. oilbirds), and probably primates did so during the night. Conclusions: Diurnal and nocturnal dispersal seem to be equal in terms of number and weight of seeds, but not in the similarity of dispersed plant species. It remains a challenge to recognize the relative importance of different fruit-eating organisms as seed dispersers using fruit trap methods.
Impacto de la extracción de materiales aluviales en la diversidad de reptiles del Río Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Romero-Santiago Héctor , García-Mello Aressia E. , Arcos-García José L. , Ruiz-Garcia Noé
Published: July 2023

Introducción: El aprovechamiento de materiales aluviales: arena, grava y cantos rodados de los lechos de ríos impacta directamente a la fauna silvestre asociada a ellos. Los más afectados son aquellos grupos de menor talla, ámbito hogareño pequeño y poca vagilidad, como los reptiles. Se seleccionó a este grupo como indicador del efecto de la instalación de graveras por su sensibilidad a la alteración de su hábitat. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la extracción de materiales aluviales en la diversidad y estructura de las comunidades de reptiles. Métodos: el estudio se realizó en las llanuras de inundación del río Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México. Se establecieron seis parcelas de 300 x 25 m, tres en área de extracción de materiales aluviales y otras tres en áreas sin extracción. En estas dos condiciones contrastantes se realizó el inventario de reptiles. También se registraron variables relevantes del hábitat para reptiles. Se comparó la diversidad alfa y beta entre ambas condiciones. Resultados: Se registraron 27 especies. En el área con extracción se observó una menor riqueza y abundancia (14 especies y 390 individuos) que en el área sin extracción (26 especies y 1 205 individuos). El efecto negativo fue mayor en las serpientes, ocasionando una diferencia de 75 % en la riqueza, mientras que en los saurios fue del 32 %. La abundancia de reptiles estuvo correlacionada con los cuerpos de agua, la exposición al sol y la vegetación herbácea. Conclusiones: El establecimiento de las graveras tuvo un impacto negativo en la diversidad y abundancia de reptiles. El efecto negativo fue mayor en las serpientes, las cuales, desaparecieron del área de aprovechamiento de materiales aluviales.
Advice seekers’ legitimation strategies in online health communities
Authors: Zhang Guichao
Published: July 2023

Previous studies of different online health communities have shown the importance of examining advice seekers’ legitimation strategies. However, most research has been based on the qualitative analysis of small samples from discussion threads. Using a specialized corpus comprising 1836 advice seekers’ initiating messages (317,540 words) and a corpus-assisted discourse analysis approach, this paper first identifies the recurrent lexicogrammatical patterns that advice seekers use and then connects these patterns to particular legitimation strategies according to the specific pragmatic functions they serve across texts. In this way, three major legitimation strategies are structurally classified with the identification of their typical lexicogrammatical realizations: justification of presence, amplification of details and evocation of feelings and emotions. Empirically, this corpus-based investigation complements previous qualitative research, extending prior findings drawn from small samples. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the potential value of investigating lexicogrammatical realization patterns using a corpus approach for exploring (online) health discourse.
A critical re-analysis of six implicit learning papers
Authors: McKay Brad , Carter Michael
Published: July 2023

We present a critical re-analysis of six implicit learning papers published by the same authors between 2010 and 2021. We calculated effect sizes for each pairwise comparison reported in the papers using the data published in each article. We further identified mathematically impossible data reported in multiple papers, either with deductive logic or by conducting a GRIMMER analysis of reported means and standard deviations. We found the pairwise effect sizes were implausible in all six articles in question, with Cohen’s d values often exceeding 100 and sometimes exceeding 1000. In contrast, the largest effect size observed in a million simulated experiments with a true effect of d = 3 was d = 6.6. Impossible statistics were reported in four out of the six articles. Reported test statistics and eta2 values were also implausible, with several eta2 = .99 and even eta2 = 1.0 for between-subjects main effects. The results reported in the six articles in question are unreliable. Many of the problems we identified could be spotted without further analysis.
Normativity in the Philosophy of Cinema (Review of the Conference)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Vetyutnev Yury
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the All-Russian scientific conference "Normativity in the Philosophy of Cinema", organized jointly by Volgograd State University, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the Russian Philosophical Society. Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Volgograd branch of the Russian Philosophical Society. The participants of the conference focused their attention on the fact that cinema inevitably reflects the nature of normativity because, in accordance with the traditions of European dramaturgy, the storyline is based on the event of disorder, and the conflict structure requires that the figure of the violator is opposed by the antagonist, that is, the follower and defender of the social norm. At the same time, cinetext can reflect both the author's ideas and purely typical notions of law prevailing in culture. At the same time, the cinema, among other things, can be used as an experimental ground for working out a new way of social action. In addition to the philosophical approach proper, interdisciplinary approaches to the problems in question were presented: legal, historical, sociological, and theological. In the framework of the thematic sessions and plenary lectures of the conference, various aspects of philosophical comprehension of cinema in general and the idea of normativity as its substantial leitmotif were discussed, including genre specificity (crime films, horror, serials); the works of certain masters (A. Tarkovsky, F. Fellini, M. Scorsese, W. Anderson, M. Zakharov, E. Ryazanov, G. Daneliya, etc.); national codes of film cultures; reflection of historical events, including traumatic ones, and their processing by means of film language; representation of religious symbols and meanings in cinema; normative modes of perception of a film production. Thus, we have seen that cinema, as a fractal way of seeing modern culture, is an exceptionally rich and grateful material for philosophical thinking.
Normativity in Digital
Authors:   South Ural State University, Penner Regina
Published: July 2023

The problem of normality and normativity in the digital context has become relevant. In the 21st century, digital, which has become to a certain extent an alternative to the physical, is one of the key spaces for the translation of norms, primarily social norms. Digital practices are ontologically different from their real prototypes. This thesis is illustrated in the article by referring to the series "How to Sell Drugs Online (Fast)". The key character of the work, young Moritz, lives the usual life of a nerd and is the founder of the first online drug empire. The article raises the question of what normativity is in digital and whether it is possible. Three levels of normativity are defined: biological (physiological norms), social (linguistic and legal norms), and universal (the normativity of the human being as an actant). These levels of normativity are determined by biological, social, and universal norms. Philosophically significant is the third, universal level. Within its boundaries, we are talking about norms and normativity, which are not necessarily attached to a person. A person is only one of many real and potential actants. In the digital context, on a par with a person, there are phenomena from the fields of technical (computers and any other gadgets) and technological (networks of various scales, including the Internet). The understanding of the norm and normativity in the digital context, therefore, develops in the vision of normativity at all 3 levels, with an emphasis on the universal level, which will create a post-anthropological prism in the digital studies.
Skill levels of pediatrician, organizer, teacher (to the 75th anniversary of prof. A.S. Simakhodsky)
Authors: Shabalov N. P. , Leonova I. A.
Published: July 2023

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Dmitry Egorovich Gorokhov (1863–1921): Founder of Pediatric Surgery and Promoter of Child Welfare in Moscow
Authors: Shelkova Vera N.
Published: July 2023

The article dwells upon Dmitry Egorovich Gorokhov, prominent representative of the Moscow pediatric school. D.E. Gorokhov, as the chief physician and director of the Sofia Children’s Hospital in Moscow, is well-recognized as the author of the first Russian pediatric surgery guidelines and he is rightfully considered the founder of this discipline. Management tactics for such socially significant diseases in children as appendicitis, tuberculosis of bones and joints, tumors, and various congenital abnormalities were developed under his supervision. D.E. Gorokhov was the first who summarized the experience of using anesthesia in pediatric surgery. He became the initiator and organizer of nutrition in Moscow municipal schools. The scientific, practical, educational, and social activities of the doctor and scientist who notably contributed to the child welfare are shown.
Severe Hypocalcemia in the Adolescent as the Only Manifestation of 22q11 Microdeletion Syndrome: Clinical Case
Authors: Vechkasova Anastasia O. , Buchinskaya Natalia V. , Kostik Mikhail M.
Published: July 2023

Background. In this article, we would like to describe the atypical clinical picture and course of 22q11 microdeletion syndrome in a patient without specific phenotypic signs and symptoms typical for this disease.

Clinical case description. Male patient, 13 years old, was hospitalized for the first time with seizure and multiple spinal fractures caused by hypocalcemia. He was referred to rheumatologist and clinical geneticist after hospital stay. Differential diagnosis included not only various bones metabolic diseases, but also 22q11 deletion syndrome. Later it was confirmed via FISH test.

Conclusion. This clinical case proves once again the uniqueness of every single case, as well as the importance of comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and management of such patients.
Development of Children’s Palliative Care in Perm Krai
Authors: Islamova Rezeda I. , Minaeva Nataliia V. , Baranova Svetlana P. , Berber Irina E. , Dolgomirova Nataliia V.
Published: July 2023

Palliative care as a system is presented in Russia for a little over 10 years. Moreover, such care in every region has its own local-specific scheme and infrastructure. This article presents the results the analysis of palliative care state and availability in Perm Krai, covers its strengths and weaknesses that are crucial for executive decisions-making and for further children’s palliative care development.
Post-COVID Syndrome in Children: One-Time Survey Study of Parents’ Opinion
Authors: Shagieva Dilara R. , Kutlubaev Mansur A. , Rakhmatullin Airat R.
Published: July 2023

Background. COVID-19 symptoms often persist for a long time, it indicates the post-COVID syndrome development. Its frequency in children population is generally studied by interviewing the children themselves. This approach limits the risk evaluation of post-COVID syndrome development in young children who are unable to describe the persistent symptoms due to their age.

Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of post-COVID syndrome in children and its effect on their daily activities by interviewing parents.

Methods. The survey covered parents of children (aged from 3 months to 18 years) who suffered laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 2021–2022 but not earlier than 12 weeks before study initiation. The survey was conducted on-line. The presence of the symptoms (persisted or occurred 12 weeks after COVID-19), its impact on children’s daily life, the need for medical treatment or doctor's advice (due to these post-covid symptoms) and vaccination against novel coronavirus infection were evaluated. Incidence of post-COVID syndrome was analyzed in subgroups based on sex, age (< 3 years, 3–6 and 7–17 years), and disease severity.

Results. Invitations to participate in the study were sent to 2292 parents of all children registered at the clinic and suffered from COVID-19 via WhatsApp and Telegram messengers. 1533 (66.9%) of them agreed to take part in the survey, and 1258 (54.8%) filled out the questionnaire in full. The survey has revealed that at least one symptom that persisted or occurred 12 weeks after COVID-19 was noted by parents in 764 out of 1258 (60.6%) children (more often in the older age group and in severe cases). Significant negative impact of symptoms on children’s daily life was noted by 251 out of 764 (32.9%) respondents. Parents of 734 out of 764 (96.1%) children have visited a doctor due to post-COVID syndrome symptoms.

Conclusion. Post-COVID syndrome develops in more than 60% of children after laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, according to parents. However, we have reasons to believe that parental estimations could overestimate the prevalence of post-COVID syndrome.
Viral Encephalitis (Human Herpes Virus Type 6) after COVID-19 in a Child: Clinical Case
Authors: Zhetishev Rashid A. , Arkhestova Diana R. , Pacheva Oksana A. , Dinaeva Lidiya R. , Kamyshova Elena A. , Pazova Zhanna Yu.
Published: July 2023

Background. Immune system disorders early after COVID-19 are associated with high risk of other infections development, including viral ones. Their diagnosis is complicated especially in the absence of clinical symptoms of primary infection and alongside with serious disease course. There are no reports on encephalitis development due to reactivation of latent viral infection.

Clinical case description. Girl, 4 years-old, had psycho-neurological symptoms followed by tonic seizures on the next day. The child was hospitalized on the 3rd day after disease onset with preliminary diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The child has contacted with patients with laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection 3-4 weeks before the disease onset, later she had signs of mild respiratory infection (no examination of SARS-CoV-2 was carried out). Autoimmune nature of central nervous system injury was suspected after excluding a wide range of infections (negative PCR results for SARS-CoV-2, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasma, enterovirus), however it was not confirmed later on. Human herpes virus type 6 was revealed via blood tests and oropharyngeal swаb on the 15th day of disease. High concentration of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was found was revealed as well. Treatment (antibacterial, anticonvulsant, anticoagulant, antiviral, immunosupportive, and sedative therapy, glucocorticosteroids) did not achieve significant improvement. Brain MRI (on the 23rd day of the disease) has shown leukoencephalopathy zones in subcortical white matter of convexital surfaces of parietal and occipital lobes, subatrophic changes in white matter of cerebral hemispheres with moderate vicarious enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces. Disease progression led to patient’s death on the 32nd day after first signs appearance.

Conclusion. The development of severe viral encephalitis (as a result of primary herpes virus infection or its reactivation) in the early period after mild COVID-19 is shown. Its cause-effect relations require further examination.
Circulating Concentrations of Cortisol Encompassing Controlled Cessation of Suckling During Weaning Under Managed Care in Cow and Calf Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Bergfelt Don R. , Vences Maria , Smallcomb Meghan , Sanchez-Okrucky Roberto , Canales Rocio
Published: July 2023

The evaluation of circulating concentrations of cortisol associated with controlled cessation of suckling encompassing the weaning process in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under managed care has fundamental and practical implications to enhance and improve management and welfare practices. This study involved five cow–calf pairs of which calves were 12 to 19 months at weaning and accustomed to a fish diet. Blood samples were collected from cows and calves between 0800 and 1100 h episodically for two weeks before weaning day (Day 0) and on Days 1, 3, 5, 8 12, 16, 20, and 31 post-weaning. Pre-weaning involved conditioning through positive reinforcement with respective trainers where cows moved freely from maternity to holding pens while calves remained in maternity pens. After 2 to 6 months, when cows and calves remained separated for at least several minutes without reuniting, weaning day was initiated, and gates between maternity and holding pens were closed. Physical separation resulted in cows and calves exhibiting different types and degrees of behavior dominated by increased vocalization and locomotor activities (rapid and erratic swimming, side jumping, breaching). While pre-weaning cortisol concentrations were at baseline and not different (p > 0.1) between cows and calves, post-weaning concentrations on Day 1 increased in cows (p = 0.0045) and calves (p = 0.0001), reaching higher (p < 0.07) concentrations in calves than in cows. Thereafter, cortisol decreased to pre-weaning concentrations on Day 5 (p = 0.0031) in cows and Day 12 (p = 0.0417) in calves. While stress-like behavior post-weaning returned to pre-weaning conditions by Day 5 in cows and calves, cortisol remained slightly higher (p < 0.1) in calves than in cows until the study ended on Day 31. Thus, although preliminary, the acute, temporal physiological and behavioral responses to the cessation of suckling encompassing weaning in dolphin cow–calf pairs are novel and provide a basis for future studies to comprehensively evaluate short- and long-term physiological and behavioral relationships associated with weaning in dolphins under managed care.
The Effects of Age and Sex on the Energy Intake of Captive Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris): Implications for Captive Management and Species Conservation
Authors: Iskandar Shannia , Adelsheim Julia , Rosen David A. S.
Published: July 2023

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are known ecosystem engineers that have significant impacts on their kelp forest and rocky intertidal communities due to their high levels of food intake. Quantifying sea otter food biomass and energy intake is a valuable way to understand potential ecological impacts of sea otter populations on ecosystems and for predicting future population trends and potential for expansion. While detailed, fine-scale, age-specific food intake is difficult to quantify in wild sea otters, there is a wealth of potential information available from otters under human care. This study used food and energy intake data from husbandry records of 10 sea otters collected over three decades at the Vancouver Aquarium. Within these husbandry records, daily food biomass intake and body mass measurements were recorded and converted to annual average food mass and gross energy intake (GEI). Age-, sex-, and mass-specific trends were also observed. Young sea otters had the highest relative ingested food mass, equivalent to ~26% of body mass, which decreased to ~20% in adult otters. Young otters similarly had the highest mass-specific GEI, where measures from near birth to year 1 were ~40% higher than at year 3, the age of sexual and physical maturity. There were also key differences in trends between sexes. Captive adult male sea otters were 25 to 42% larger than females and their GEI was 23 to 58% higher, although mass-specific GEI was almost identical for male and non-reproductive female otters at all ages, plateauing at ~650 kJ kg-1 d-1. Despite high levels of ingested food mass, GEI was only 5 to 15% higher than for other captive marine mammals and was comparable to previous estimates for wild sea otters. These estimates of ingested food mass and energy intake requirements are valuable when modelling the ecological impact of sea otter populations and for considering the potential effects of future environmental changes.
Dowód z „opinii prywatnej” w świetle procedury cywilnej oraz karnej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS, Jagiełło Dariusz
Published: July 2023

Introduction to the process of evidence obtained by the participants in the proceedings issue is very important. Recognising them as evidence in the process does not raise doubts in principle, but their analysis is very difficult. There are no requirements as to their contents, as well as the author.Therefore, it is important juxtaposition of the two thus obtained evidence on the basis of criminal and civil procedure.
Approximate Analytical Study of Natural Convection Flow of Non-newtonian Fluid Through Parallel-Pates With Heat Generation
Authors: B.I. Obi
Published: July 2023

In this present paper, approximate analytical study of natural convection flow of non-Newtonian fluid through Parallel-plates with heat generation is considered. The coupled non-linear momentum and energy equations was solved using perturbation technique. The cases of constant viscosity
and temperaturedependent viscosity are treated with the case of temperature-dependent viscosity considered in two models: Reynold's model and Vogel's model. Within the constant viscosity case, results show that increase in the non-Newtonian parametersß, M, decreases the velocity
of the fluid flow and increase in these parameters enhances the temperature of the plates. The effects of non-Newtonian and viscosity indices of both Reynold's and Vogel's models on velocity and temperature profiles are presented.