bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized ordered linear regression with regularization
Authors: Łęski J.M. , Henzel N.
Published: March 2014

Linear regression analysis has become a fundamental tool in experimental sciences. We propose a new method for parameter estimation in linear models. The ’Generalized Ordered Linear Regression with Regularization’ (GOLRR) uses various loss functions (including the ǫ-insensitive ones), ordered weighted averaging of the residuals, and regularization. The algorithm consists in solving a sequence of weighted quadratic minimization problems where the weights used for the next iteration depend not only on the values but also on the order of the model residuals obtained for the current iteration. Such regression problem may be transformed into the iterative reweighted least squares scenario. The conjugate gradient algorithm is used to minimize the proposed criterion function. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the method proposed.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a 2DOF manipulator with significant modeling uncertainty
Authors: Przybyła M. , Kordasz M. , Madoński R. , Herman P. , Sauer P.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a practical verification of an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) method in governing a multidimensional system. The experiments were conducted on a two degrees of a freedom planar manipulator with only partial knowledge about the mathematical model of the plant. This multi input multi output system was controlled with a set of two, independent, single input single output ADRC controllers, each regulating one of the manipulator degree of freedom. Modeling uncertainty (nonlinearities, cross-coupling effects, etc.) and external disturbances were assumed to be a part of the disturbance, to be estimated with an observer and cancelled on-line in the control loop. The ADRC robustness was experimentally compared with the results obtained from using two decentralized, classic PID controllers. Both control methods were tested under various conditions, e.g. changing the inertial parameters of the plant. Significantly better results, in terms of parametric robustness, have been reported for the ADRC approach.
Joint reactions in rigid or flexible body mechanisms with redundant constraints
Authors: Wojtyra M. , Frączek J.
Published: March 2014

The problem of joint reactions indeterminacy, in engineering simulations of rigid body mechanisms is most often caused by redundant constraints which are defined as constraints that can be removed without changing the kinematics of the system. In order to find a unique set of all joint reactions in an overconstrained system, it is necessary to reject the assumption that all bodies are rigid. Flexible bodies introduce additional degrees of freedom to the mechanism, which usually makes the constraint equations independent. Quite often only selected bodies are modelled as the flexible ones, whereas the other remain rigid. In this contribution it is shown that taking into account flexibility of selected mechanism bodies does not guarantee that unique joint reactions can be found. Problems typical for redundant constraints existence are encountered in partially flexible models, which are not overconstrained. A case study of a redundantly constrained spatial mechanism is presented. Different approaches to the mechanism modelling, ranging from a purely rigid body model to a fully flexible one, are investigated and the obtained results are compared and discussed.
A new form of Boussinesq equations for long waves in water of non-uniform depth
Authors: Szmidt J.K. , Hedzielski B.
Published: March 2014

The paper describes the non-linear transformation of long waves in shallow water of variable depth. Governing equations of the problem are derived under the assumption that the non-viscous fluid is incompressible and the fluid flow is a rotation free. A new form of Boussinesq-type equations is derived employing a power series expansion of the fluid velocity components with respect to the water depth. These non-linear partial differential equations correspond to the conservation of mass and momentum. In order to find the dispersion characteristic of the description, a linear approximation of these equations is derived. A second order approximation of the governing equations is applied to study a time dependent transformation of waves in a rectangular basin of water of variable depth. Such a case corresponds to a spatially periodic problem of sea waves approaching a near-shore zone. In order to overcome difficulties in integrating these equations, the finite difference method is applied to transform them into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations with respect to the time variable. This final set of these equations is integrated numerically by employing the fourth order Runge - Kutta method.
Photonic integrated circuits – a new approach to laser technology
Authors: Piramidowicz R. , Stopiński S. , Ławniczuk K. , Welikow K. , Szczepański P. , Leijtens X.J.M. , Smit M.K.
Published: March 2014

In this work a brief review on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is presented with a specific focus on integrated lasers and amplifiers. The work presents the history of development of the integration technology in photonics and its comparison to microelectronics. The major part of the review is focused on InP-based photonic integrated circuits, with a short description of the potential of the silicon technology. A completely new way of fabrication of PICs, called generic integration technology, is presented and discussed. The basic assumption of this approach is the very same as in the case of electronic circuits and states that a limited set of standard components, both active and passive, enables designing of a complex, multifunctional PIC of every type. As a result, functionally advanced, compact, energy efficient and cost-optimized photonic devices can be fabricated. The work presents also selected examples of active PICs like multiwavelength laser sources, discretely tunable lasers, WDM transmitters, ring lasers etc.
Laser nuclear fusion: current status, challenges and prospect
Authors: Badziak J.
Published: March 2014

In 2009, in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, National Ignition Facility (NIF) - the largest thermonuclear fusion device ever made was launched. Its main part is a multi-beam laser whose energy in nanosecond pulse exceeds 1MJ (106 J). Its task is to compress DT fuel to the density over a few thousand times higher than that of solid-state DT and heat it to 100 millions of K degrees. In this case, the process of fuel compression and heating is realized in an indirect way - laser radiation (in UV range) is converted in the so-called hohlraum (1 cm cylinder with a spherical DT pellet inside) into very intense soft X radiation symmetrically illuminating DT pellet. For the first time ever, the fusion device’s energetic parameters are sufficient for the achieving the ignition and self-sustained burn of thermonuclear fuel on a scale allowing for the generation of energy far bigger than that delivered to the fuel. The main purpose of the current experimental campaign on NIF is bringing about, within the next two-three years, a controlled thermonuclear ‘big bang’ in which the fusion energy will exceed the energy delivered by the laser at least ten times. The expected ‘big bang’ would be the culmination of fifty years of international efforts aiming at demonstrating both physical and technical feasibility of generating, in a controlled way, the energy from nuclear fusion in inertial confined plasma and would pave the way for practical realization of the laser-driven thermonuclear reactor. This paper briefly reviews the basic current concepts of laser fusion and main problems and challenges facing the research community dealing with this field. In particular, the conventional, central hot spot ignition approach to laser fusion is discussed together with the more recent ones - fast ignition, shock ignition and impact ignition fusion. The research projects directed towards building an experimental laser-driven thermonuclear reactor are presented as well
Modified current differencing transconductance amplifier – new versatile active element
Authors: Malcher A.
Published: March 2014

This paper introduces a new current mode component called Modified Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (MCDTA). Important parameters of the circuit i.e. input resistance, z terminal resistance and transconductance of the output stage can be tuned electrically. The circuit can be implemented in linear and non-linear analog signal processing. The paper presents an example of the MCDTA application - a complete quadrature oscillator with the amplitude regulation. The functionality of the example circuit and its tuning capability were proved by the SPICE simulation results.
Output characteristics of step-down (Buck) power converter
Authors: Janke W. , Bączek M. , Walczak M.
Published: March 2014

The output characteristics of switched-mode dc-dc buck power converter are discussed. The shape of output characteristics is especially important for converters used for supplying modern processors. An output impedance is usually used for description of output characteristics. Many efforts are described in the literature to obtain the satisfastory features of closed-loop output impedance. Another approach, presented in the paper, is based on the concept of the output voltage response corresponding to the load conductance change, and is expressed by hr transmittance. Simulations of output characteristics of the buck converter in frequency and in time-domain have been performed for the ideal case as well as for a more realistic situation, with the parasitic resistances of converter elements included. The measurement results differ substantially from characteristics calculated for an ideal converter and are in good consistency with simulations including parasitics.
Compact QCL driver for free-space transmitter
Authors: Mikołajczyk J. , Garlińska M. , Wesołowski M. , Wojtas J. , Bielecki Z.
Published: March 2014

The paper presents investigations of a free space optical transmitter operating with quantum cascade lasers. The main goal of the research was to determine influence of lasers driver parameters on an optical data link performance. Using some commercial driving devices, the laser pulse limitations of power, repetition rate and time duration have been observed. In the paper, the preliminary results of the designed laser driver are described. The driver was developed at the Institute of Optoelectronics, MUT in cooperation with scientists from the Faculty Electrical Engineering, WUT. It is characterized by high current efficiency, high pulse repetition rate, and compact construction. Additionally, the driver also includes a controller of Peltier modules
Optimizing the lever propelling system for manual wheelchairs
Authors: Choromański W. , Fiok K. , Dobrzyński G.
Published: March 2014

The article concerns the optimization of manual wheelchairs with a lever propelling system. Lever-driven manual wheelchairs are a promising wheelchair group, however they still need to be improved in order to compete successfully with classic manual push rim-driven wheelchairs. Also, despite all manual wheelchairs human work efficiency during propulsion plays an important role, there is not enough research carried out that would focus on this problem regarding lever-driven wheelchairs. The research, presented in this paper, according to the authors’ intention, is to make this knowledge gap smaller. The article describes an analytical optimization method for adjusting important lever-drive system parameters - levers length and its axis of rotation position - to individual human anthropometry. The method is based on experimental data regarding maximum human push capabilities acquired in another study. The optimized parameters’ values were determined after assessment of maximum human expendable energy during a single work phase (pushing the levers). As a result of this study authors determined optimal levers length and their axis of rotation position for a 50 percentile French male. The carried out research shows also, that the suboptimal area for positioning the levers axis of rotation is relatively wide.
Baseline Evaluation in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Comparing Methods for Documenting Prior Concussions and Attention or Learning Disorders
Authors: McKay Carly D. , Schneider Kathryn J. , Brooks Brian L. , Mrazik Martin , Emery Carolyn A.
Published: March 2014

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Objective

To examine differences in concussion history and attention or learning disorders reported by elite youth ice hockey players, using a questionnaire that allows parental input compared to a clinic-based test battery that does not.

Background

A history of previous concussion and the presence of attention or learning disorders can affect concussion-management decisions; however, youth athletes may not accurately report their medical history because they may not know or recall important details.

Methods

The sample included 714 Bantam (ages 12–14 years) and Midget (ages 15–17 years) ice hockey players (601 male, 113 female) from the most elite divisions of play (AA and AAA). Players completed a take-home preseason questionnaire (PSQ) with the input of a parent/guardian, and also independently completed the baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) at the beginning of the 2011–2012 hockey season.

Results

In 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 18.1%, 24.1%) of cases, there was disagreement between the PSQ and ImPACT in the number of previous concussions reported. Among those who reported an attention disorder on the PSQ, 85.7% also reported an attention disorder on the ImPACT. Only 9.5% of those who reported a learning disorder on the PSQ also reported a learning disorder on the ImPACT.

Conclusion

In 1 of 5 players, reported concussion history differed between the PSQ and ImPACT, and there was substantial disagreement between instruments for those reporting learning disorders. The method of obtaining medical history may, therefore, affect baseline and postconcussion evaluations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(5):329–335. Epub 27 March 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5053
Comparison of UHPLC-ESI-MS and Hadamard Transform Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility-ESI-MS for Rapid Profiling of Isomeric Flavonoids
Authors: Groessl Michael , Azzollini Antonio , Eugster Philippe J. , Plet Benoit , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Knochenmuss Richard
Published: March 2014

Hadamard transform atmospheric pressure ion mobility-MS and rapid UHPLC-MS methods were investigated for analysis of closely related isomeric flavonoids and their glycosides using a test set of seven standards. On a time scale of a few minutes, the flavonoid aglycones were all separated
by ion mobility, but not by UHPLC. The glycosides were better resolved by IMS but not completely separated by both methods. The results suggest that IMS provides sufficient resolution for separation of isomeric polyphenols such as flavonoids in high-throughput metabolomics studies.
Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Toxicology
Authors: Groh Ksenia J. , Suter Marc J.-F.
Published: March 2014

In environmental toxicology, mass spectrometry can be applied to evaluate both exposure to chemicals as well as their effects in organisms. Various ultra-trace techniques are employed today to measure pollutants in different environmental compartments. Increasingly, effect-directed
analysis is being applied to focus chemical monitoring on sites of ecotoxicological concern. Mass spectrometry is also very instrumental for studying the interactions of chemicals with organisms on the molecular and cellular level, providing new insights into mechanisms of toxicity. In the
future, diverse mass spectrometry-based techniques are expected to become even more widely used in this field, contributing to the refinement of currently used environmental risk assessment strategies.
Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis (LESA) of Hydrophobic TLC Plates Coupled to Chip-Based Nanoelectrospray High-resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Himmelsbach Markus , Varesio Emmanuel , Hopfgartner Gérard
Published: March 2014

Direct identification and structural characterization of analyte spots on TLC plates have always been of great interest and the development of interfaces that allow TLC to be combined with MS is making steady progress. The recently introduced liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA)
approach has the potential to hyphenate TLC with MS. A mixture of lipid standards was separated on HPTLC RP-18 glass plates using chloroform:methanol :acetonitrile 2:1:1 (v:v:v) as mobile phase. After visualization with primuline dye (0.02% in acetone:water 8:2 (v:v)), LESA was performed,
followed by a chip-based nanoflow infusion in combination with FTICRMS. The optimized extraction solvent composition was methanol:chloroform:water:formic acid 52:24:24:0.2 (v:v:v:v). A nanoelectrospray voltage of 1.6 kV and a gas pressure of 0.2 psi were applied in all experiments. All phospholipids
were extracted successfully and detected unambiguously using the optimized TLC-LESA-FTICRMS procedure. Sampling the tricaprylin spot gave the most intense signals and also tricaprin was detected. Three other triacylglycerols of higher molecular mass have logP values between 15.5 and 21.6,
which are the highest among all investigated compounds and are not detected from their corresponding spots, due to the fact that the solubility of very apolar lipids is not high enough in the extraction solvent. It was demonstrated that TLC can be elegantly combined with mass spectrometry
based on the LESA approach. In general, apart from the analysis of lipids, TLC-LESA-MS has a high potential for medium-polar compounds separated on reversed-phase TLC plates, but limitations are present when very apolar compounds have to be extracted.
50 Years of Mass Spectrometry at Firmenich: A Continuing Love Story
Authors: Frérot Eric , Wünsche Laurent
Published: March 2014

Mass spectrometry (MS) has been intensively used in the field of flavor and fragrance since its beginning in the 1950s, and it remains an essential technique for current and future research in this field. After a short historical section on the introduction and development of MS at
Firmenich, this work reviews the main applications of MS-based techniques published by Firmenich researchers over the past 5 years. It exemplifies the use of gas chromatography (GC)–MS for the discovery of new odorant – hence volatile – molecules in a broad range of natural
products, such as fruits, meats, and vegetables. Non-volatile compounds play a major role in taste attributes and are also possible precursors of odorant molecules. Their identification by liquid chromatography (LC)–MS in the context of malodor generation from sweat is a typical example
of such a relationship. With their high selectivity and sensitivity, GC–MS and LC–MS instruments are used in the fields of flavor and fragrance not only for identification, but also as unique tools for the accurate quantitation of compounds in complex matrices. This is particularly
important for regulatory analyses such as dosage of potential allergens in perfumes and for the development of delivery systems. Finally, because of the rapid response time of MS, the kinetics of processes such as the release of flavors in the mouth during food consumption can be monitored
by direct sampling into the mass spectrometer.
From High- to Super-resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tsybin Yury O.
Published: March 2014

High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) is indispensable for the molecular-level analysis of biological and environmental samples with great intra- and inter-molecular complexity. Here, we summarize developments in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), the flagship of high-resolution
MS techniques, accomplished in our laboratory. Particularly, we describe the recent and envisioned progress in structural analysis of: i) isolated large proteins and their simple mixtures, with a focus on monoclonal antibodies, via top–down, middle–down, and extended bottom–up
mass spectrometry; ii) complex protein mixtures and proteomes via extended bottom–up proteomics; and iii) crude oil fractions and similar complex molecular mixtures. Despite the unequivocal success in molecular structural analysis, the demonstrated results clearly indicate that
the compromise between MS acquisition speed (throughput) and achievable resolution level inhibits further advances of MS applications in the areas related to life, environmental, and material sciences. To further advance beyond state-of-the-art FTMS capabilities in these areas, we present
the technique of super-resolution mass spectrometry that has been pioneered by our laboratory.
Appraising Alfred Werner's Groundbreaking Ideas
Authors: Wild Ferdinand , Zerbe Oliver , Alberto Roger
Published: March 2014

The Chemical Institutes of the University of Zurich celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Nobel prize award to Alfred Werner in 1913.
Preoperative neuropsychological and behavioral evaluation of children with thalamic tumors
Authors: Chieffo Daniela , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Caldarelli Massimo , Di Rocco Concezio
Published: March 2014

Object

Functional involvement of the thalamus in cognitive processing has been only anecdotally reported in the literature, and these cases are mostly related to thalamic hemorrhages; there is no available information on cognitive development in children with thalamic tumors.

Methods

All children admitted with a diagnosis of thalamic tumor at the authors' institution between January 2008 and January 2011 were considered for the present study. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 months and the presence of severe neurological deficits, both of which prevented a reliable neuropsychological evaluation. A complete preoperative neuropsychological evaluation was performed.

Results

Twenty children were selected (mean age 102.4 months). Total IQ was in the normal range in all patients (mean 90.1, SD 13.87) with a significant difference between verbal IQ (mean 97.70, SD 17.77) and performance IQ (mean 84.82, SD 17.01). A significant correlation was found between global cognitive impairment and a histological finding of low-grade tumors (p < 0.001). Children with a mesial thalamic tumor had a higher working memory deficit and delayed recall disorders (p < 0.001). Naming disorders were related to the presence of a bilateral (p < 0.001) or mesial (p < 0.001) thalamic tumor, without a significant difference between left or right hemisphere involvement. A significant correlation was also found between the presence of neurolinguistic disorders and mesially located tumors (p < 0.001). Children with right-sided tumors more frequently had constructional apraxia and executive function disorders (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study suggests that thalamic tumors in different locations might have specific neuropsychological profiles.
Riluzole effects on behavioral sensitivity and the development of axonal damage and spinal modifications that occur after painful nerve root compression
Authors: Nicholson Kristen J. , Zhang Sijia , Gilliland Taylor M. , Winkelstein Beth A.
Published: March 2014

Object

Cervical radiculopathy is often attributed to cervical nerve root injury, which induces extensive degeneration and reduced axonal flow in primary afferents. Riluzole inhibits neuro-excitotoxicity in animal models of neural injury. The authors undertook this study to evaluate the antinociceptive and neuroprotective properties of riluzole in a rat model of painful nerve root compression.

Methods

A single dose of riluzole (3 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at Day 1 after a painful nerve root injury. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated for 7 days after injury. At Day 7, the spinal cord at the C-7 level and the adjacent nerve roots were harvested from a subgroup of rats for immunohistochemical evaluation. Nerve roots were labeled for NF200, CGRP, and IB4 to assess the morphology of myelinated, peptidergic, and nonpeptidergic axons, respectively. Spinal cord sections were labeled for the neuropeptide CGRP and the glutamate transporter GLT-1 to evaluate their expression in the dorsal horn. In a separate group of rats, electrophysiological recordings were made in the dorsal horn. Evoked action potentials were identified by recording extracellular potentials while applying mechanical stimuli to the forepaw.

Results

Even though riluzole was administered after the onset of behavioral sensitivity at Day 1, its administration resulted in immediate resolution of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia (p < 0.045), and these effects were maintained for the study duration. At Day 7, axons labeled for NF200, CGRP, and IB4 in the compressed roots of animals that received riluzole treatment exhibited fewer axonal swellings than those from untreated animals. Riluzole also mitigated changes in the spinal distribution of CGRP and GLT-1 expression that is induced by a painful root compression, returning the spinal expression of both to sham levels. Riluzole also reduced neuronal excitability in the dorsal horn that normally develops by Day 7. The frequency of neuronal firing significantly increased (p < 0.045) after painful root compression, but riluzole treatment maintained neuronal firing at sham levels.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that early administration of riluzole is sufficient to mitigate nerve root–mediated pain by preventing development of neuronal dysfunction in the nerve root and the spinal cord.
The Entropy Production Distribution in Non-Markovian Thermal Baths
Authors: Jiménez-Aquino José , Velasco Rosa
Published: March 2014

In this work we study the distribution function for the total entropy production of a Brownian particle embedded in a non-Markovian thermal bath. The problem is studied in the overdamped approximation of the generalized Langevin equation, which accounts for a friction memory kernel characteristic of a Gaussian colored noise. The problem is studied in two physical situations: (i) when the particle in the harmonic trap is subjected to an arbitrary time-dependent driving force; and (ii) when the minimum of the harmonic trap is arbitrarily dragged out of equilibrium by an external force. By assuming a natural non Markovian canonical distribution for the initial conditions, the distribution function for the total entropy production becomes a non Gaussian one. Its characterization is then given through the first three cumulants.
Release of Carbon Nanotubes from Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Schlagenhauf Lukas , Nüesch Frank , Wang Jing
Published: March 2014

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer nanocomposites have superior properties compared to the neat polymer matrix. They now are widely used in industry, but questions have been raised about the risks of such materials since CNTs can be toxic when inhaled. For a risk assessment of CNT nanocomposites, it is crucial to know whether CNTs from nanocomposites can be released into the environment or if they remain embedded in the matrix. This review article summarizes the studies that investigated the release of CNTs from nanocomposites during the service life. Three scenarios are reviewed, the release of particles due to mechanical impact, the release due to weathering processes, and the release due to fire. A release during composite production and disposal is not incorporated.
Using a Theoretical Framework to Investigate Whether the HIV/AIDS Information Needs of the AfroAIDSinfo Web Portal Members Are Met: A South African eHealth Study
Authors: Van Zyl Hendra , Kotze Marike , Laubscher Ria
Published: March 2014

eHealth has been identified as a useful approach to disseminate HIV/AIDS information. Together with Consumer Health Informatics (CHI), the Web-to-Public Knowledge Transfer Model (WPKTM) has been applied as a theoretical framework to identify consumer needs for AfroAIDSinfo, a South African Web portal. As part of the CHI practice, regular eSurveys are conducted to determine whether these needs are changing and are continually being met. eSurveys show high rates of satisfaction with the content as well as the modes of delivery. The nature of information is thought of as reliable to reuse; both for education and for referencing of information. Using CHI and the WPKTM as a theoretical framework, it ensures that needs of consumers are being met and that they find the tailored methods of presenting the information agreeable. Combining ICTs and theories in eHealth interventions, this approach can be expanded to deliver information in other sectors of public health.
CHRNA3 Polymorphism Modifies Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: He Ping , Yang Xue-Xi , He Xuan-Qiu , Chen Jun , Li Fen-Xia , Gu Xia , Jiang Ju-Hong , Liang Hui-Ying , Yao Guang-Yu , He Jian-Xing
Published: March 2014

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 15q25.1 as a lung cancer susceptibility locus. Here, we sought to explore the direct carcinogenic effects of genetic variants in this region on the risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). Five common SNPs (rs8034191, rs16969968, rs1051730, rs938682, and rs8042374) spanning the 15q25.1 locus were assayed in a case-control study examining a cohort of 301 lung ADCs and 318 healthy controls. Stratification analysis by gender, smoking status, and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification, was performed. In addition, sections from ADC tissue and normal tissue adjacent to tumors were stained with an anti-CHRNA3 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic α3) antibody by immunohistochemistry in 81 cases. Our results demonstrate that rs8042374, a variant of the CHRNA3 gene, is associated with an increased risk of ADC with an OR of 1.76 (95% CI: 1.17–2.65, p = 0.024). This variant was linked to a greater risk of ADC in female nonsmokers (OR (95% CI): 1.81 (1.05–3.12), p = 0.032) and female stage I + II cases (OR (95% CI): 1.92 (1.03–3.57), p = 0.039). Although located within the same gene, rs938682 showed protective effects for smokers, stage III + IV cases, and male stage III + IV cases. Additionally, the CHRNA3 protein level in ADC tissue was slightly higher than in the surrounding normal lung tissue, based on immunohistochemical analysis. Our results suggest that the CHRNA3 polymorphism functions as a genetic modifier of the risk of developing lung ADC in the Chinese population, particularly in nonsmoking females.
Oral Administration of Bovine Milk from Cows Hyperimmunized with Intestinal Bacterin Stimulates Lamina Propria T Lymphocytes to Produce Th1-Biased Cytokines in Mice
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Lin Lianjie , Yin Chunming , Othtani Satoru , Aoyama Katsuhiko , Lu Changlong , Sun Xun , Yoshikai Yasunobu
Published: March 2014

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of bovine milk from cows hyperimmunized with a proprietary bacterin (immune milk “Sustaina”) on mucosal immunity in the intestine of adult mice. C57BL/6 mice were orally given immune or control milk for two weeks, and then lymphocyte population and the cytokine production in lamina propria of colon in normal mice and mice induced colitis by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were detected. We found that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 increased, but the levels of IL-17A and IL-4, decreased in lamina propria of colon in immune milk-fed mice as compared with those in control milk-fed mice. Interestingly, oral administration of immune milk partially improved the acute colitis induced by DSS. The levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ increased, but IL-6, IL-17A and IL-4 decreased in lamina propria (LP) of colon in immune milk-fed mice with DSS-induced colitis. Our results suggest that immune milk may stimulate CD4+ T cells to polarize towards a Th1 type response, but contrarily suppress Th17 and Th2 cells responses in large intestinal LP of mice. The results indicate that this kind of immune milk has is able to promote the maintainance of intestinal homeostasis and enhance protection against infection, and could alleviate the symptoms of acute colitis in mice.
A New Approach to Integrate Internet-of-Things and Software-as-a-Service Model for Logistic Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Shang-Liang , Chen Yun-Yao , Hsu Chiang
Published: March 2014

Cloud computing is changing the ways software is developed and managed in enterprises, which is changing the way of doing business in that dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are regarded as services over the Internet. Traditional manufacturing systems such as supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP) are often developed case by case. However, effective collaboration between different systems, platforms, programming languages, and interfaces has been suggested by researchers. In cloud-computing-based systems, distributed resources are encapsulated into cloud services and centrally managed, which allows high automation, flexibility, fast provision, and ease of integration at low cost. The integration between physical resources and cloud services can be improved by combining Internet of things (IoT) technology and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) technology. This study proposes a new approach for developing cloud-based manufacturing systems based on a four-layer SaaS model. There are three main contributions of this paper: (1) enterprises can develop their own cloud-based logistic management information systems based on the approach proposed in this paper; (2) a case study based on literature reviews with experimental results is proposed to verify that the system performance is remarkable; (3) challenges encountered and feedback collected from T Company in the case study are discussed in this paper for the purpose of enterprise deployment.
A VECTOR MACHINE BASED APPROACH TOWARDS OBJECT ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY
Authors: Arun Pattathal Vijayakumar , Katiyar Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2014

Remote sensing techniques are widely used for land cover classification and related analyses; however the availability of high resolution images have limited the accuracy of pixel based approaches. In this paper, we have analyzed the feasibility of incorporating contextual information to a support machine and have evaluated its performances with reference to the traditional approaches. We have adopted certain automatic approaches based on advanced techniques such as Cellular Automata and Genetic Algorithm for improving effective overlap between classes. Proposed methodology has been evaluated in comparison with the conventional approaches with reference to the study area using relevant statistical parameters. Accuracy improvement of the proposed approach may be attributed to the effectiveness in combining spatial and spectral information.
“LIKE YOU, I WANT TO FEEL EXCITEMENT AND HOPE ABOUT OUR CITY”: ‘CHRISTCHURCH THE CITY’ IN CAMPAIGN MATERIAL OF THE 2013 CHRISTCHURCH CITY COUNCIL ELECTION
Authors: Carlton Sally
Published: March 2014

The Christchurch City Council election of 2013 provides a compelling case study through which to consider the interaction between politics and city space. On the one hand, through the careful placement of campaign posters, politics encroached on the physical terrain of the city. On the other hand, candidates included in their campaign material multitudinous references to ‘Christchurch the city,’ demonstrating the extent to which the physical environment of the post-disaster city had become central to local politics.
ISTANBUL’S TAKSIM SQUARE AND GEZI PARK: THE PLACE OF PROTEST AND THE IDEOLOGY OF PLACE
Authors: Gül Murat , Dee John , Nur Cünük Cahide
Published: March 2014

May 2013 saw Istanbul witness a massive public demonstration. The incident began on 28 May when a small group of environmental activists tried to save Gezi Park, one of the most iconic green spaces in the Taksim district of central Istanbul. The park dates back to the 1940s and is well-known as public promenade. The modest demonstration was triggered by a government decision to reconstruct a former Ottoman Artillery Barracks. Within a few days, it developed into a violent uprising on an unprecedented scale lasting almost an entire month. Crowds not only gathered in Istanbul but also in many other Turkish cities such as the capital, Ankara. International media broadcast the protests live from Taksim Square turning the Gezi Park protest into an international phenomenon. Today the Park has become a reference point in Turkish politics where almost every issue is linked to the ‘spirit of Gezi’. It made a modest protest over an inner city promenade into a vivid symbol of political opposition. This paper will analyse historically the Taksim Square project and the ideological conflicts it evoked in Turkish society.
La nouvelle « guerre froide » entre l'Iran et l'Arabie saoudite au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Therme Clément
Published: March 2014

Cet article vise à déconstruire les lectures des enjeuxgéopolitiques au Moyen-Orient se concentrant exclusivement sur le facteur sectaire. Aussi, la notion de « croissant chiite », apparue au lendemain de la guerre américaine contre l’Irak, en 2003, ne peut être un outil conceptuel pour les chercheurs en sciences sociales travaillant sur l’histoire contemporaine du Moyen-Orient. En effet, les relations entre l’Iran, l’Irak, la Syrie et le Liban ne se limitent pas à des considérations religieuses. L’invention de la notion de « croissant chiite » n’empêche pas la réalité de la montée des tensions sectaires dans les sociétés arabes. Il s’agit de distinguer ici la poussée « par le bas » des tensions sectaires des enjeux liés à la rivalité géopolitique entre l’Iran et l’Arabie Saoudite pour le rôle de première puissance régionale. En ce sens, l’arrivée au pouvoir d’un président « modéré » en Iran augure d’un rééquilibrage de la diplomatie iranienne vers un dialogue approfondi avec les pétromonarchies de la péninsule arabique, en particulier avec le sultanat d’Oman et Dubaï.
Combined effect of beauvericin and T-2 toxin on antioxidant defence systems in cherry tomato shoots
Authors: Paciolla C. , Florio A. , Mulè G. , Logrieco A.F.
Published: March 2014

During their life cycle, plants can undergo simultaneous attack by different pathogens that produce various toxins. It is well known that in some plant-fungal interactions, mycotoxins play an important role in pathogenesis and induce a reactive oxygen species increase. Plants counteract the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species by reinforcing their defence systems. The mycotoxins T-2 toxin (T-2) and beauvericin (BEA) are produced by some Fusarium species and have different chemical structures, mechanisms of action and biological activities. In this study, the individual and combined effects of these two toxins on defence systems, such as the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and peroxidases, were evaluated in cherry tomato shoots. Hydrogen peroxide content as an index of oxidative stress was also measured. Inhibitory effects on ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate, and stimulatory effects on glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and reduced glutathione were observed when tomato plants were simultaneously treated with BEA and T-2. The trend of these biochemical parameters highlight the presence of a range of defence mechanisms activated by plants in response to mycotoxins. The interaction between BEA and T-2 resulting in synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on the studied defence systems is also discussed. It is concluded that the effects of these mycotoxins alone are not predictive of their combined effects.
Immunoaffinity clean-up of mycotoxins with organic solvent-free elution
Authors: Stroka J. , Seidler J.
Published: March 2014

A novel immunoaffinity (IA) clean-up procedure for the isolation of mycotoxins from maize extracts is described. Commonly, mycotoxins are eluted with organic solvents from IA columns after isolation. The new procedure uses water at 70 °C as alternative. The resulting eluate is suitable for direct and complete injection onto a reversed-phase liquid-chromatography column. Evaporation, reconstitution or dilution are not required. The procedure has been tested for a variety of mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON) zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in an array of different matrices. The example of DON in maize is discussed in more detail and evaluated for repeatability (5%, n=10) and recovery (95%, n=10).
Urinary and sexual functions after surgical treatment of penile fracture concomitant with complete urethral disruption
Authors: Raheem Ali Abdel , El-Tatawy Hassan , Eissa Ahmed , Elbahnasy Abdel Hamid , Elbendary Mohamed
Published: March 2014

Objectives: Penile fracture with concomitant complete urethral disruption is an uncommon urologic disorder. Data about the treatment and outcome measurements of this condition are scarce in the literature. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long term urinary and sexual functions of patients with penile fracture associated with complete urethral injury after immediate surgical reconstruction. Patients and methods: Twelve patients met our inclusion criteria and were included in this retrospective case series study; however, one was lost during follow-up. Patient's medical records were reviewed and all patients were interviewed for clinical evaluation. Urinary function was assessed by history, uroflometry and retrograde urethrography, while, sexual function was assessed by questionnaire (Sexual Health Inventory for Men) and penile Doppler for patients with erectile dysfunction. Results: Patients’ mean age was 32.3 ± 7.5 years (range 21-43) and the mean follow-up period was 72.6 ± 45.4 months (range 14-187). Vigorous sexual intercourse was the main cause in 91% of our patients. No serious long term complications was found. Only 1 patient (9%) suffered from anterior urethral stricture, 1 patient (9%) complained of weak erection, 3 patients (27%) had a palpable fibrosis and 2 patients (18%) reported a slight penile curvature during erection. Ninety one percent of all our patients maintained their normal urinary and sexual functions. Conclusion: On the long term follow-up, most of the patients maintained their normal erectile and voiding functions with no harmful long-term complications. We advocate immediate surgical intervention and reconstruction of both corpora cavernous and urethra as a first line treatment for those patients.
Testicular microlithiasis and dyspermia: Is there any correlation?
Authors: Catanzariti Francesco , Cantoro Ubaldo , Lacetera Vito , Muzzonigro Giovanni , Polito Massimo
Published: March 2014

Background: Testicular microlithiasis (MT) is an uncommon sonographic finding (prevalence in the literature: 0.7 to 6%). Several studies have highlighted its possible correlation with an increased risk of testicular cancer, but few studies have investigated its possible link with dyspermia. Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate in our series the number of patients with microlithiasis, diagnosed by ultrasound, and compare the quality of their sperm with that of patients in a control group with normal testicular ultrasound exam. Materials and methods: We performed 277 consecutive testicular ultrasound examinations from January 2012 to July 2012. Among all these, we selected 86 patients that showed no pathological elements at echography and 11 patients affected by MT, to one or both testicles. Each patient was also submitted to a short-term semen analysis using the WHO2010 parameters for sperm evaluation. Results: Among 11 patients with MT, 7 (63.63%) were dyspermic and 4 (36.36%) were normospermic. Among the 86 patients with normal testicular ultrasound 51 (59.3%) were dyspermic, 4 (4.65%) were azoospermic, while the remaining 31 (36.05%) were normospermic. Comparing the results of the two groups we obtained an odds ratio of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.27 to 3.64, p: 0.98). Conclusions: This study, although preliminary, with a low number of partecipants, shows that sperm quality is not affected by the presence of testicular microlithiasis, because the results of spermiograms are almost comparable between the two groups.
Treatment of urethral strictures in balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) using circular buccal mucosal meatoplasy: Experience of 15 cases
Authors: Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Onol Sinasi Yavuz , Kurt Omer
Published: March 2014

Objectives: Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) related strictures involving the external urethral meatus. We reviewed our result with the use of circular mucosal graft in the reconstruction of strictures. Methods: Between March 1997 and January 2012, 15 patients underwent circular buccal mucosal urethroplasy for BXO related anterior urethral strictures. Urethral catheter was removed within 2 weeks. Follow-up included patient symptoms assessment, cosmetic outcome and uroflowmetry. Results: Median follow-up was 20.5 months (range 4 to 96). Mean postoperative peak urinary flow rate obtained 1 month after catheter removal was 22.4 ml per second. All patients had a normal meatus and none had recurrent stricture, chordee or erectile dysfunction. A functional and cosmetic outcome was achieved in 100% of the patients. Conclusions: Circular mucosal graft technique for treatment of meatal strictures is an efficient method for the restoration of a functional and cosmetic penis.
‘Ascended far above all the heavens’: Rhetorical functioning of Psalm 68:18 in Ephesians 4:8–10?
Authors: Mouton Elna
Published: March 2014

The letter to the Ephesians employs various communicative strategies in responding to the rhetorical situation of its implied recipients. Focusing on the recipients’ new identity and ethos ἐν Χριστῷ [in Christ], the text emphasises supernatural elements such as resurrection, ascension, heavenly places, revealed mystery, Spirit and power. At the same time, it adopts a rich mosaic of traditional materials, inter alia echoing the Hebrew Scriptures, Hellenistic traditions and early-Christian liturgical traditions. This article explores the dynamic yet complex intertextual fusion and reappropriation of (mainly Jewish) traditions in Ephesians as the author’s experience and understanding of the ascended Christ. Special attention is given to the probable functioning of Psalm 68:18 (LXX 67:19) in Ephesians 4:1–16. In conclusion, the essay investigates the intended rhetorical effect of material from the Hebrew Scriptures in the letter – as construction of Christian identity in continuation with the story of Israel and from within the context of Empire.
The Jain Ontological Model according to Kundakunda and Umāsvāti
Authors: BAJŽELJ Ana
Published: March 2014

Jainism proposes a unique theory of reality in which the extreme positions of absolute identity and permanence on the one hand and absolute difference and change on the other are avoided in favour of integrative ontology. Here, identity and difference as well as permanence and change are coordinated. The vertical and horizontal descriptions of the nature of reality are reflected in the basic definitions of substance and existence. This paper examines how this ontology is outlined in the works of Kundakunda and Umāsvāti.
The Architectonics of Corporeal and Textual Selves:: From Durga Via Banalata Sen to the Virtual Indian Woman
Authors: CECIU Ramona L.
Published: March 2014

This paper traces a line of thought in representations of the Indian woman across literary and visual genres, from the so-called traditional to modern conceptualizations. It discusses the manner in which the woman was variously represented in line with the cultural architectonics that assigned her particular identities––from the woman as goddess/mother, located in the private space to the woman as modern entity located within the public (urban) domain, as well as the outcast woman and the virtual woman. I attempt an inter-textual reading of the literary/visual corporeal and textual selves, by drawing mainly on Bakhtin’s concepts of “answerability” and “unfinalizable selves.” I emphasize these concepts with regard to the dialogue between artists and authors, and between the work of art and its readers.