bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the process of urban transformation in Baghdad city form and function.
Authors: Al-Saffar Mazin
Published: July 2018

During the 21st century, urban transformation of cities has been intensely affected by flows of socio-economic and technological processes. Through the centuries, such as all historical places in Mesopotamia, Baghdad has given an outstanding example of dramatic evolution. The city, which stands on the river Tigris, faced various transformation processes in the culture and physical environment due to social and political reasons. The transformation of Baghdad city is a very complicated process driven by various factors affecting the homogeneity of the old urban fabric. Reconfiguration and the production of new urban typologies within the heritage fabric were the most fundamental effects. The outcome was different spatial languages competing with each other. This transformation changed the relations and hierarchies among spaces, which allowed more flexibility and accessibility between private and public space. The main purpose of this study is to examine how Baghdad city emerged and to develop a comprehensive understanding of the history of urban transformation in the context of city change. To achieve this aim, this paper will utilise urban morphology to explain how Baghdad transformed from a geometric city (the Round City AD762 by Caliph Al-Mansur) to an organic form and then from a traditional city to the modern metropolis. It will seek to analyse the process of urban transformation in Baghdad and show different types of urban patterns. Moreover, this paper will try to illustrate how the new way of transportation represented by the car has affected the historic centre and changed the structural system of Baghdad.
Typology based on three density variables central to Spacematrix using cluster analysis
Authors: Berghauser Pont Meta , Olsson Jesper
Published: July 2018

Since the publication of the book ‘Spacematrix. Space, density and urban form’ (Berghauser Pont and Haupt, 2010), the Spacematrix method has been linked back to its theoretical foundations by Steadman (2013), is further developed using the measure of accessible density to arrive at a density measure that more closely relates to the environment as experienced by people moving through the city (Berghauser Pont and Marcus, 2014) which then is used to arrive at a multi-scalar density typology (Berghauser Pont et al. 2017). This paper will take yet another step in the development of the Spacematrix method by including the measure of network density in the classification which until now was not used to its full potential. Important for successful classification is the ability to ascertain the fundamental characteristics on which the classification is to be based where the work of Berghauser Pont and Haupt (2010) will be followed addressing three key variables: Floor Space Index (FSI), Ground Space Index (GSI) and Network density (N) where especially the last was not fully included in the earlier work. Besides a typology based on these three variables, this paper will also result in a robust statistical method that can later be used on larger samples for city-scale comparisons. Two statistical methods are tested: hierarchical clustering and centroid-based clustering and besides a general discussion about their strong and weak points, the paper shows that the hierarchical method is more convincing in distinguishing differences in both building type and street pattern that is especially captured with Network density (N). As this method is not useful for large datasets we propose a combination of the two clustering methods as the way forward.
The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Eva Juana , Sáenz de Tejada Granados Carlota , Santo-Tomás Muro Rocío
Published: July 2018

The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: landscape history, proximity landscape, city iconography, sense of place, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Urban green space     The image that a city offers when approaching it, depending on its topographical situation, the drawing of its borders or its urban form, generates a perceptive construction, for both locals and tourists, with the potential to become an iconic image and therefore play a part in the collective imagery. The character and value of those landscapes is largely determined by their green spaces, preserved in most European cities for their ecological or historical significance. Being able to recognize the worthiness of these proximity visions, in the context of today’s growing cities, is of fundamental relevance in order to enhance the sense of place, amongst other community values. In this communication we study the above-mentioned aspects in the image of the city of Madrid, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Through a landscape analysis of a selection of iconographic representations of the surroundings of the city, we draw special attention to the presence of historical green spaces throughout time, and its relation with architectural landmarks in the progressive construction of an iconic image of the city. From here, we can deduce the relevance that these elements have in the generation of a recognizable character and the decisive role of protection mechanisms in order to preserve it.     References Lasso de la Vega, M. (2007) Quintas de recreo. Las casas de campo de la aristocracia alrededor de Madrid, 2Vol. (Madrid City Council, Madrid) Martínez, A. (2008). El entorno urbano del Palacio Real de Madrid entre 1735 y 1885 (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ortega, J., Martínez, A. & Martín, F.J. (2008) Entre los Puentes del Rey y de Segovia. Secuencias gráficas del río Manzanares (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ramón-Laca, L., Tardío, F.J. (2005) ‘Vegetal products used in Madrid between the 14th and 19thC, Asclepio (LVII-2, 25-44. Wester-Heber, M. (2004) ‘Underlying concerns in land-use conflicts-the role of place identity in risk perception’, Environmental Science & Policy, 7, 109-116.
Urban contrast of two cities from globalization. Gentrification, socio-cultural and economic aspects in Mexico and Valencia
Authors: Valiñas Varela Maria Guadalupe , España-Caballero Arturo
Published: July 2018

Globalization influences the transformation of cities, they develop changes in their composition and form, related mainly to socio-cultural and economic aspects that converge in some cases in a gentrification of spaces where the right to the city is altered, modifying its structure according To processes related to postmodernity and neoliberal policies that generate various negative changes such as the displacement of the original settlers and the deterioration of areas to the maximum to further intensify its value. However they also present positive signs such as the revitalization and improvement of spaces with new proposals that generate jobs or in some cases become places of fashion, or important tourist spots. It shows a contrast of two cities in different continent and conditions as it is the case of the city of Mexico in several points: the historical center, Polanco, Granada and the colony Rome. And in the city of Valencia in Spain: the historical center, Russafa, the Ensanche and the Cabanyal. The theme focuses on a central land dispute to recycle urban spaces that give rise to diverse public spaces of private character with commercial functions, modifying the resignification of the space, increasing the inequality and the differentiation but at the same time generating traces of similarity. The objective is to evaluate how they have modified housing, real estate market, surplus value, social practices and identity. Said analysis from a new vision with projection towards the future, by means of a complex model, analyzing the urban imaginary.
Intensive residential densification: impact on the urban morphology of Santiago de Chile
Authors: Vicuña Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Santiago de Chile´s areas of growing centrality are currently under residential densification processes, which vary in degrees of intensity and forms of impact in the urban environment. As a result of a weak conduction of residential densification, the structural-radical transformation of the urban fabric has resulted in urban space degradation. However, residential densification is a form of urban growth that, well designed and planned, allows optimizing infrastructures and building a more complex and inclusive city. This work aims to understand to what extent urban morphology shapes these processes of urban transformation in 15 selected areas of 25 hectares; proposing typologies of residential densification based on the intensity of the process and the state of transformation of the urban fabric. Density (dwellings/hectare) is understood in systemic relation with those parameters that determine urban compactness and configure public space: lot subdvision composition, setbacks, building footprint and height, floor area ratio and mixed use index, among others. The impact of intensive densification on urban space would have three main effects: (1) the standardized tower radically fragments the fabric structure and skyline, to the extent multiple and dispersed vertical operations transform lot geometry, abruptly increase building height and lower land occupation; (2) triggers a "residentialization" effect, unbalancing existing diversity of activities and contributing to undermine urban vitality; and (3) impairs the quality of public space, by introducing exogenous typological elements (such as setbacks) and reducing contact between private space and the street.
Urban morphology in China: origins and progress
Authors: Liu Ming , Song Feng
Published: July 2018

Author name: Ming Liu, Feng Song* Affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking UniversityAdress: Room 3463, Building Yifuer, Peking University, Haidian district, Beijing, China 100871 E-mail: liumingpku1992@163.com, songfeng@urban,pku.edu.cn*Telephone nember: +8618810328816, +8613910136101* Keywords: urban morphology, disciplinary history, Conzen, China Abstract: This paper traces the origins and development of indigenous urban morphological research in China. It also considers the adoption of the theories and methods of the Conzenian School. Urban morphological research in China is carried out in different disciplines: mainly archaeology, geography, and architecture. The earliest significant work was within archaeology, but that has been widely ignored by current urban morphological researchers. As an urban archaeologist whose first degree was in architecture, Zhengzhi Zhao worked on the Studies on the reconstruction of the city plan of Ta-Tu in the Yuan Dynasty in 1957. He uncovered the original city plan of Ta-Tu (now Beijing) in the Yuan Dynasty by applying street pattern analysis. Before the Cultural Revolution, Pingfang Xu recorded and collated the research findings of Zhao, who was by then seriously ill, so that the methods he developed could be continued with the help of other scholars especially archaeologists. His methods of study are still used in studies of urban form in China today.  Later, the dissemination of the Conzenian School of thought, aided by two ISUF conferences in China, promoted the development of studies of Chinese urban form.  With the help of Jeremy Whitehand, researchers, including the Urban Morphology Research Group of Peking University, applied the theories and methods of the Conzenian School through field work and empirical studies.  Taking the opportunity of the 110th anniversaries of the birth of both M.R.G. Conzen and Zhengzhi Zhao, this paper summarizes multidisciplinary urban morphological research in China.
A multidisciplinary approach to urban fabrics analysis. The historical centre of Valencia.
Authors: Maretto Marco , Mas Vicente , Alvarez Eva , Gherri Barbara , Gomez Carlos , Guarini Maria Rosaria , Chiovitti Anthea , Emmi Gianluca
Published: July 2018

The themes of reduce, recycle, reuse are at the heart of the challenges that the global society of the XXI century is facing. At the same time, more than two-thirds of the world population lives in cities nominating the latters to play a central role in the near future. For this reason, the search for a methodology for the redevelopment of the historical urban fabrics appears today extremely interesting. Complexity, richness and stratification of the latters make them definitely the most convincing test to set a scientific strategy for the project of urban transformations. But stratification means complexity and complex are the phenomena that characterize the XXI century society. The only convincing way then for the analysis of these phenomena is that of the multi-disciplinarity. The proposed methodology is structured, thus, around a number of disciplines (Urban Morphology, Sustainability, Urban Regulation, Economic Evaluation and Urban Design) on which to set the reading of the urban fabric with special attention to the so called “urban voids” namely all those situations in which the tissue is interrupted due to slumping and demolitions. This aspect is very important because if, on the one hand, it is in these areas where key tissue analysis problems can be seen, on the other hand, it is always from these areas that the main urban, social and economical transformation opportunities can take boot. A Due Diligence of the “urban voids” organised in datasheets/base (for each area) concludes the analysis. The different disciplinary fields work then in a complementary way within a single methodological approach laying the scientific basis for the interventions of urban regeneration within the historic fabric of Valencia.   References   Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Analysis Towards Low Carbon Urban Retrofitting For Public Spaces’, Proceedings of HERITAGE 2016 – 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development,Vol. 1, p. 499-508. Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Assessment method for Decarbonised Urban renewal’, NewDist: SBE16 Towards Post-Carbon Cities, vol. 2, p. 114-122. Guarini, M.R. Buccarini C., Battisti F., (2015)‘Valutazione della fattibilità tecnica economica di un intervento di recupero edilizio’, Estimo: temi e questioni contemporanee, (Politecnico di Bari, Bari). Maretto, M. (2015) ‘Polarities, Paths, Fabrics. The role of urban morphology in contemporary Urban Design’,  U+D urbanform and design 03/04, 46-65. Maretto, M. (2008) Il Paesaggio delle differenze (ETS Edizioni, Pisa).
The “demonstrative city”: a model from a global architectural process
Authors: Amato Anna Rita Donatella
Published: July 2018

This research springs from the idea that the human-built environment, from its origin until today, is the result of a constantly developing process. Throughout this progression, one can observe the evolution of the courtyard house as if it was an architectural organism, that has now followed more than two thousand years of unfolding of human building, from the formation of the fence (interpreted as a primitive construction) till the latest innovations of housing and urban research (latter combining elements of various cultures and ages). As society has been growing and changing – recently more rapidly than ever before in history –  so has the development of courtyard house, always in tight correlation with the population’s ever changeable needs. From this analysis arises a hypothesis about the dynamics of this process (a theory already established by Muratori), of which ideas materialized in practice have been most profitable for contemporary urban design. Organized within a model called “demonstrative city”, the resulting layout is a blueprint of a simplified urban environment. This system serves as a tool capable of inserting the beneficial aspects extracted from this research into the urban environment, which further confirm the validity of these results. For this reason the “demonstrative city” can’t be considered as a project, but more so as a simulation of urban reality. Establishing this as a tool in architecture will be the first step to its test in the urban project.
Research on the fringe belts of Shangqiu, China: a morphogenetic approach
Authors: Shi Yanhui , Shen Zijing , Feng Xirui , Cheng Shuying
Published: July 2018

Research on the fringe belts of Shangqiu, China: a morphogenetic approach Zijing Shen, Xirui Feng, Shuying Cheng, Yanhui Shi* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking University. Beijing. China 100871 E-mail: shzj950609@163.com, 873405878@qq.com, corrine0123@126.com, yhshi1988@sina.com*   Keywords: fringe belts, morphogenetic analysis, ancient Shangqiu; concentric Conference topic: Urban form and social use of space   The concept of the fringe belt has, in recent years, been studied quite widely in the Western world.  Fringe belts were first recognized in Europe, primarily in relation to city walls.  In China, fringe belts have been rarely studied, despite their very widespread occurrence.  Yet China provides a highly complex world of urban morphological phenomena related to cultural settings substantially different from those in the West. In relation to both a long urban history and recent rapid processes of industrialization and urbanization, the fringe belts of Chinese cities deserve more in-depth research.  To rectify this deficiency, this paper examines the developmental process and form of the fringe belts of Shangqiu (including both ancient Shangqiu and modern Shangqiu) as a central focus, using the basic methods of morphogenetic analysis.  Since the Ming Dynasty the existence of fringe belts in Shangqui relates to double fixation lines (double city walls, the space between which is water for defence against invasion and flood).  Since 1949, a new core developed outside ancient Shangqiu.  In time, due to the alteration of the city’s organizational system and rapid expansion of modern Shangqiu, the whole of ancient Shangqiu, as well as its fringe belts, has become part of the fringe-belts system of modern Shangqiu.  The development of the fringe belts of Shangqiu shows a different pattern from a concentric town such as Alnwick. This finding extends and refines the understanding of fringe belts.   References: Louis, H. (1936) ‘Die geographische Gliederung von Gross-Berlin’, Länderkundliche Forschung: Krebs Festschrift (Engelhorn, Stuttgart) 146-71. Conzen, M. R. G. (1969) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis Institute of British Geographers Publication 27 (George Philip, London).
The Shaping Process of Urban Form Under a Socialist System: Townscape Diversity and its Formation in Sanlitun, Beijing
Authors: Song Feng , Meng Yang , Zeng Miao
Published: July 2018

The difference between socio-economic systems is an important factor in the diversity of urban form. M. R. G. Conzen (1960) established a framework for urban morphology in the context of a British social system and culture. It was suggested that this did not necessarily apply to cities affected by revolutionary planning measures. China, which is markedly different in social system and culture from Britain by most standards qualifies as revolutionary, at least in the post-war period. Sanlitun in Beijing, China,  is an interesting case for comparison with British cities. It was a site containing few buildings during the initial stage of new China, but subsequently became the ‘Second Embassy District’ where many embassies gathered. Now it has become a commercial core district and cultural meeting place of Westerners and Chinese. The townscape of Sanlitun, which has experienced a number of socialist construction periods reveals the process of changing urban form under a socialist system. Identifying morphological periods, the changing process of townscape development in Sanlitun is articulated. Morphological units are delimited. They clarify the variations in Sanlitun’s landscapes and their formation. Based on these, this paper reflects on the shaping process of townscape under different socio-cultural systems, and further considers the universality, applicability and particularities of Conzenian theory.
Urban Morphology and Sustainability: towards a shared design methodology.
Authors: Maretto Marco , Gherri Barbara , Pitanti Greta , Scattino Francesco
Published: July 2018

The information revolution is radically transforming the very foundation of the ‘fossil city’. A ‘virtual’ macro-urbanism will intersect with an ‘actual’ micro-urbanism, physical and concrete, determining the form of the new urban environment.  Within the binomial of macro- and micro- urbanism, urban morphology identifies an interesting socio-building scale that can serve as the basic strategy for sustainable city planning in the twenty-first century. Morphology thus becomes the necessary ‘plug-in’ for registering the different ‘networks’ that characterize the contemporary city – from IT and ‘smart’ devices to energy and environmental systems - translating these networks into building practices, into ‘fabrics’, for the physical city. At this purpose an Urban Design methodology has been developed in order to combine the Urban Morphology tools with those of Sustainability giving particular attention to the topics of the comfort outdoor and the passive environmental control systems. The methodology has then been applied in the Sant Adrià De Besos Waterfront Regeneration Project in Barcelona. Neighbourhood’s size, complexity and localisation, between the sea and a large area of brown fields at the northern gateway of the Catalan capital, has set up an interesting testing bench. A sequence of consecutive steps characterizes the methodology in which morphology, architecture and sustainability intersect one another within a single design process.     References   Gherri B. (2015) Assessment of Daylight Performance in Buildings: Methods and Design Strategies, (WIT Press, Boston). Gherri, B. (2016) ‘Environmental Analysis Towards Low Carbon Urban Retrofitting For Public Spaces’, Proceedings of HERITAGE 2016 – 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development,Vol. 1, p. 499-508. Marat-Mendes, T. (2013) ‘Sustainability and the study of urban form’, Urban Morphology 17, 123-4. Maretto, M. (2014) ‘Sustainable Urbanism: the role of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 18(2), 163-74. Maretto, M. (2013) Ecocities. Il progetto urbano tra morfologia e sostenibilità (Franco Angeli, Roma).
Housing form and city form: Urban morphology and local identity
Authors: Alonso de Armiño Pérez Luis , Vicente-Almazán Pérez de Petinto Gonzalo , Cassany i Llopis Vicent
Published: July 2018

Housing form and city form: Urban morphology and local identityKeywords (3-5): Building type, urban morphology, Valencia, housing, house floor-plan design   This paper aims to analyse the processes of typological evolution of residential buildings in Valencia as a way to outline an 'affiliation' within the city's housing types, capable of endowing a local identity profile beyond European influences that began to generalise from mid-XIX century. The residential fabric of Valencia maintained a certain continuity/ intelligibility in its morphological evolution until the 1970s, in which the development of the 1966 PG marked a turning point, with the progressive incorporation of "modern" forms of housing, vaguely related to the diffusion of CIAM architectural principles. Nevertheless, a most substantial part of the city fabric, amounting to two-thirds of all residential buildings, was built before the 1966 PG, and therefore away from 'modern' housing practices. Most of this fabric, corresponding to neighbourhoods resulting from urban extension projects starting in the second half of the nineteenth century, is made out of serially-aggregated, multi-family buildings or 'houses of flats', forming perimeter blocks, whose profile still characterises visually the city's townscape. To a large extent, these 'houses of flats' are the result of a progressive codification of building prototypes that first appeared in the historic city, originating from the transformation of the traditional city-house. Initially, the transformation began with increasing the number of storeys, successively followed with processes of plot-aggregation, all combined with an horizontal division configuring new housing floor-plans. These processes progressively generated larger buildings, in which the plot shape and dimensions appear as determining instances. References (100 Word)   ALONSO DE ARMIÑO, L. y PIÑON, J.L. (1986). La formazione del la Valencia moderna. Sutoria Urbana, (37), 89-114.   AZAGRA, J. (1993). Propiedad inmueble y crecimiento urbano. Valencia 1800-1931. Madrid: Síntesis.   BRIGUZ Y BRU, G. (1837). Escuela de Arquitectura Civil. Valencia: Joseph  de Orga.   HERMOSILLA, J. (1750). La architectura civil (manuscrito).   DALY, M.C. (1864). L’architecture privée au XIXème siècle, sous Napoléon III   MOLEY, C. (1999). Regard sur l’immeuble privé. Architecture d’un habitat 1880-1970. Paris: Le Moniteur.   PIÑÓN, J.L. (1988). Los orígenes de la Valencia moderna   PONS, A. y SERNA, J. (1992). La ciudad extensa. Valencia: Diputació de València.   SANCHO, A. (1855). Mejoras materiales de Valencia. Valencia: Imprenta de José Mateu.
Visual Analysis as a tool for Urban Intervention Comparative Studies
Authors: Builes Ana Elena , Correa Leonardo , Gutierrez Diana Carolina
Published: July 2018

In the past few years’ urban design development has been a topic that in some of Latin America cities such as Medellin, Mexico City and Córdoba, has been evolving under the shadow no longer far from concepts as social innovation and social urbanism, a situation that generates new perspectives and concerns about the impacts that this transformations bring to the cities and its communities. The aim of the collaborative research project was to acknowledge the impacts of urban transformations on five different cities and comparing them to find similarities and differences. A comparative analysis of multiple cases was proposed, along with a methodological triangulation that contained observation, photography analysis and the production of graphics accompanied by interviews in order to arouse an approach to the perceptions of the community residing the space and their affective bonds with it. Inquiring about this process and impacts, and the inhabitants’ relation with their newly transformed space, researchers used graphic research methods that allowed collecting, evaluating and establishing comparative criteria and identifying reiterating impacts caused by urban interventions. Different graphic and visual tools such as drawings, photography and graphic reconstruction were used as a tools to identify the urban and architectural strategies through which a connection between urban space and its inhabitants in each city in order to compare with the other four cities. These tools where used in order to define a recurrent method creating an effect of distance, which increases the effect of designation and shows urban dynamics to articulate submerged realities in opposition with the images created through the visual tools, so a closer relationship between research and representation is made.
Research of the Morphological Types of Blocks in the Old City of Nanjing
Authors: Liu Haiqian
Published: July 2018

The block is one of the basic elements of urban space and its morphology is always changing due to the accumulation and substitution of constructions in different times. This dissertation has focused on the evolution and morphological types of blocks in the old city of Nanjing, in order to reveal the characteristics of blocks in Chinese cities, where top-down plans and practical constructions have been remaining conflicted in the long history of development. Extensive studies of relevant literature, quantitative researches and graphic analyses have been adopted to meet the research aims. This research has produced a number of key findings: at the scale of the whole city, the grid of roads tend to deviate from the boundaries of morphological homogeneous districts, or to say, plan-units; blocks in the old city of Nanjing usually contain all or part of several different plan-units, which can be divided according to construction times, geographical conditions and land-use types; the morphological difference of blocks can be presented by the different plan-units contained and the configuration pattern, so in this way a classification system for blocks has been established; some regularity has also been concluded regarding the transformation of block morphology, although there are various types of blocks in the city.
Reconfiguring welfare landscapes – A spatial typology
Authors: Jessen Asbjørn , Tietjen Anne
Published: July 2018

The post-war Danish social housing estates were a cornerstone in the construction of the Danish welfare society. Green open spaces played a central role in creating a framework for “the good life” in the many new social housing estates, which is why we propose to call them welfare landscapes. Today, these welfare landscapes are facing new challenges such as social segregation, extreme rainfall caused by climate change and changing uses. Therefore, they are increasingly being transformed, yet often with little or no interest for their existing spatial qualities. The welfare landscapes are insufficiently researched and knowledge about their spatial characteristics needs to be developed and communicated to preserve their inherited spatial qualities and to use these qualities as a resource for developing contemporary welfare landscapes. This paper aims to contribute to understanding the spatial characteristics and qualities of Danish welfare landscapes in order to create a better basis for their reconfiguration. Based on typo-morphological case studies of three social housing areas in the metropolitan area of Copenhagen this paper proposes a preliminary spatial typology of welfare landscapes from the small scale of the individual green space to the territorial scale. This typology will provide a basis to explore possible future development scenarios for Danish welfare landscapes through research-by-design.
The role of the plot in engendering environmental quality: from unplanned favelas to the planned subdivisions of new blocks
Authors: Teixeira Maria Cristina Villefort , Maciel Marieta Cardoso , Pereira Costa Staël Alvarenga
Published: July 2018

This work discusses the importance of the site in the morphological structuring of urban centres. Studies on the implantation of the city of Belo Horizonte, located in the state of Minas Gerais Brazil, show that the occupation of the city occurred initially in the valleys. This was due to the favourable conditions of the topography, which allowed an orthogonal layout in the central area. In spite of this, since the city’s foundation, the most rugged areas have been occupied by favelas, whose layout differed from the dominant pattern. As flat areas became scarce, the hilly regions, possessing long strips of land, were also subdivided and exploited due to their substantially lower land prices. Although the favelas sprung up spontaneously and the new settlements were planned, both had similarities in the layout of the streets which were adjusted to the steep contours and the geological conditions of the terrain. At the same time, the plot defined another configuration in the subdivisions, in which the building was occupied by only a single family and, in most cases, the building was separated from the street by high                walls. As a consequence, the relationship between public and private space became severely compromised.  In the case of the favelas, the formal inexistence of the plot is demonstrated in the juxtaposition of the dwellings, in which each residence is constructed above another in extremely confined space. The relationship with the street also differs in these places, since the first floor often freely connects to the street, integrating the dwelling with the public space and thus contributing to the social life of the community. This is furthermore in contrast to the previously noted walled environments characterising planned areas. The analysis of these parameters could profitably be utilised in new designs that appropriate some of the popular solutions better suited to the environment, and in turn, integrate them into public policy.References: FERREIRA, M. G.(1997) O sítio e a formação da paisagem urbana: um estudo do município de Belo Horizonte. 1997. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia). Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MASUO, K. (2015). An organic method of village rehabilitation through a reconstruction archetype based on vernacular architecture. International Seminar on Urban Form, ISUF 2015, Rome. McHARG, Ian L. (1992). Design with nature. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Washington.
The impact of a new transport system on the neighbourhoods surrounding the stations: The cases of Bermondsey and West Ham, London
Authors: Chen Po Nien , Karimi Kayvan
Published: July 2018

The impact of a new transport system on the neighbourhoods surrounding the   stations: The cases of Bermondsey and West Ham, London Po Nien Chen, Kayvan Karimi Space Syntax Laboratory, The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, UKE-mail: po-nien.chen.16@ucl.ac.uk, k.karimi@ucl.ac.uk Keywords: Space Syntax, Jubilee Line Extension, urban regeneration Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     The impact of new public transport system on the towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, the spatial configurations which could stimulate the transformation around the neighbourhoods of the station have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance the mobility of the transport network and the accessibility around the station’s vicinity. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by the new transport system might transform the social, cultural and economic activities around the stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to analyse how the spatial configuration and the urban formation are affected by the implementation of stations and understand how the new stations emerge in the urban form.  The Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) in East London, which started to operate in 2000, plays an essential role in connecting Central London with the recently developed financial district in the east. This study focuses on two stations located along the JLE, Bermondsey and West Ham, which have different topological and demographic characteristics. To determine whether the stations integrate cohesively with the urban environment, this study applies Space Syntax methods of spatial network analysis to evaluate the spatial characteristics and compares with GIS data of the house prices and land use distribution before and after the JLE. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between pedestrian movement and the distribution of residential and commercial activities within the street network structure. The study also reveals the strength and weakness of the stations, which are embedded within urban structures and suggests urban regeneration strategies through improving the accessibility and public space design.  Reference Chorus, P., Bertolini, L., (2016) ‘Developing transit-oriented corridors: Insights from Tokyo’, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 10:2, 86-95. Hillier, B and Hanson, J. (1984) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Kusumo, C, M. (2005) ‘Is a railway station a central urban space? Spatial configuration study of retail distribution pattern around railway stations’, Proceedings, 5th International Space Syntax Symposium, (Delft)
Morphological analysis: to evaluate the pattern of Residential building based on wind performance
Authors: Ding Wowo , Yang Yihui , You Wei , Peng Yunlong
Published: July 2018

Yihui Yang, Wei You, Yunlong Peng, Wowo Ding*, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Rd, Jiangsu 210093, P.R.China. E-mail:yi_hui_yang@outlook.com, youwei@nju.edu.cn, 249626020@qq.com, dww@nju.edu.cn,Phone number:15850561165, 13852293251, +86 25 83593020, Keyword: Residential plot, Apartment pattern, performance evaluation, wind environment Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Residential morphological patterns are reflection of people's living habits and tradition, local climate and building regulations, so that one of those factors could be studied through in order to understand residential morphological patterns. Based upon our previous study, we do know that in China living habits and local climate mainly influence the shape of residential buildings and apartment patterns, but we do not know whether the pattern of residential plots determined by FAR and sunshine hours are suitable for wind environment related to residential environmental quality. Therefore, it is very significant to evaluate wind environment within residential plots based on the apartment pattern controlled by various building codes. Our study focuses on the pattern of Slab apartments in Nanjing, which are mainly used in China, and selects 40 residential slices with different plot shapes, plot FAR, building heights and sizes. Based upon MATLAB, we have got all geometrical data between buildings among these slices to identify the spatial pattern character of each residential plot. Through evaluating wind environment of these slices by simulation we can obtain wind speed, pressure and age of air and choose the pattern of age of air as the main evaluation factor of wind performance. Correlation analysis will be made between the apartment patterns and pattern of age of air, by doing so, each typical space between buildings will be evaluated. Our study will reveal the relevance of apartment pattern and wind environment, which can be used to support and improve design in the future.   References（95 words） Oke. T. R (1988) ‘Street Design and Urban Canopy Layer Climate’, Energy and Buildings11, 103-113. Wowo Ding, Youpei Hu, Pingping Dou (2012) ‘Study on Interrelationship between Urban Pattern and Urban Microclimate’, Architectural Journal 527, 16-21. Edward Ng, Chao Yuan, Liang Chen, Chao Ren, Jimmy C.H. Fung (2011) ‘Improving the wind environment in high-density cities by understanding urban morphology and surface roughness: A study in Hong Kong’, Landscape and Urban Planning101, 59-74. Youpei Hu (2014) ‘A Performance-Oriented Study on the Morphological Optimization in a High Density Area Concerning Urban Heat Island Effect’, Architectural Journal 557, 23-29.           *corresponding author
Morpho-based Study on Urban Street Spatial Configuration: The Case of Nanjing City, China
Authors: Tang Lian , Ding Wowo
Published: July 2018

As the most important part of urban space, street space is often regarded as the urban design object which would be made to reach certain spatial configuration expected by urban designer. As we all know that street space is shaped by the buildings along it, and that the buildings not only belong to different owners but also would be changed through the time. If it is true one might ask how does the street space change and what does this change mean to the urban development? Based upon urban morphological theory this paper investigates the relationships between street spatial configuration and urban development policies, building coding as well as urban activities. Three streets located in the center of Nanjing City with different functions and various land uses along them are selected as the research cases. Though the research this paper will demonstrate that by reading the changes of the street spatial configurations we can understand the social development stages and times, and by evaluating the street spatial configurations through the time we can see how the land policies changed the spaces. The paper suggests that confronting the dynamic phenomenon of the urban street space, urban designer should see urban form as urban morph, which will help designers to make decision more proper and better.
Future scenario’s for post-industrial Eindhoven. A fringe-belt perspective
Authors: Lammers Daan , Pereira-Roders Ana , Van Wesemael Pieter
Published: July 2018

Although increasingly recognized as sound baseline research to inform the operational level of spatial urban planning, e.g. urban management plans, little research has yet focussed on fringe-belt analysis in the strategic level of spatial urban planning. In general, strategic urban planning dominantly involves quantitative and economically biased modes of scenario analysis. Qualitative analytical approaches, such as provided by morphogenetic analysis, are usually being excluded. This paper aims to discuss the role of fringe-belt analysis in spatial scenario planning. Within the framework of a fringe-belt analysis, a plural scenario case study is carried out in the former industrial region of Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Multiple roles of the present urban fringe-belt composition in the anticipated processes of future transformation of the urban region are explored, as well as the potential internal modification processes within its fringe-belts themselves. Research outcomes are related to the current strategic vision of the city and urban region, and the opportunities for an integrated strategic scenario approach are investigated. A pro-active approach towards fringe-belt modification is suggested as efficient urban development strategy, for example, channelling the increasing pressure of intensification of land-use (controlled fringe-belt alienation), or, creating social and economic value by means of fringe-belt adaptation.  Results contribute to the debate on fringe-belt development and future transformation in the case of former industrial and post-industrial cities and urban regions, and more specifically, on the distinctive character and role of radial fringe-belts, radial fringe-belt corridors and radial fixation lines, within the changing spatial configuration of the social and economic urban stratification.
Citizen Participation Plan for València Parcs de Barri
Authors: Sosa Espinosa Asenet , Portalés Mañanós Ana , Urios Mondéjar David , Colomer Alcácer Juan
Published: July 2018

The multifunctional role of neighbourhoodscale parks is vital within the urban system. They are not neutral spaces in terms of the functions attributed to them by the social collectivity. This causes them to be analyzed, evaluated and projected in interdependence with the physical and social environment where they are located or can be located. València parcs de barri is a web platform that arises from a teaching project developed by the Teaching and Research Group TUR (urban planning workshop), within the studies of Degree in Architecture at the Universitat Politècnica de València. It is born worried about the improvement in the project decisions of the neighbourhood parks.It considers that these public spaces have not been designed with sensitivity towards the social function that they fulfil. This social function is established by the daily uses that the population makes and what the park means to them. Among the objectives of this platform are to open the University to society, involve students in a social project and listen to the user. In addition, it is necessary to diagnose and design the parks with and for the subject-user, because this is the true protagonist of the public space. This paper collects the need to establish a plan to be followed by València Parcs de Barri in the coming years. The plan is a road map that defines the strategic lines and phases to be followed in a community based research project, applying the methodologies of participatory action.   References Montañés Serrano, M. (2009) Metodología y técnica participativa. Teoría y práctica de una estrategia de investigación participativa (Editorial UOC, Barcelona). Schlierf, K., Boni A. and Lozano J.F. (2010) ‘La transferencia de tecnología participativa desde la Universidad: hacia un cambio tecnológico’, in Martínez, M. (ed.) Aprendizaje, servicio y responsabilidad social de las Universidades(OCTAEDRO-ICE, Barcelona) 193-217. Valènciaparcs de barri, http://www.valenciaparcsdebarri.es/ Vélez Restrepo, L. A. (2009) ‘Del parque urbano al parque sostenible. Bases conceptuales y analíticas para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de parques urbanos’, Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, nº 43, 31-49. Verdaguer Viana-Cárdenas, C., and Velázquez Valoria, I. (2012) ‘La ciudad de abajo arriba. Aportaciones para la práctica y la teoría del urbanismo participativo’, Hábitat y Sociedad, nº 4, 7-11.
The processes of urban sprawl in the environment of average cities during the period of expansive urbanism. Territorial impact in an interior area (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain).
Authors: Sanchez Irene , Cebrián Francisco
Published: July 2018

Francisco Cebrián¹, Irene Sánchez¹¹Department of Geography and Land Management. University of Castilla- La Mancha. Edificio Benjamín Palencia, s/n. 2071 Albacete (Spain) E-mail: francisco.cebrian@uclm.es, irene.ondono@gmail.comKeywords (3-5): average city, urban sprawl, expansive urbanism, inner cities, Castilla-La ManchaConference topics and scale: Stages in territorial configurationThe processes of urban sprawl have increased since the end of the century. They have occurred in a context of economic prosperity, in which part of the capital surplus has been directed towards the construction industry, and especially towards the dwellings. The dynamic has been reproduced in the different scales of the urban hierarchy. Much of the new urban developments and constructions have been directed to the peripheral areas.  Urban sprawl has increased in the environment of big cities, but also around medium-sized cities. This reality is manifested differently, depending on the case, but it has also left some general processes. In this essay attention has been centered on the changes in the housing in the peripheries of the Spanish medium-sized cities. The changes between 1991 and 2011 in a radius of 30 around the cities selected have been analyzed in order to identify the scope of urban sprawl, the temporary differences in the process and the most common collected ones. As an object of analysis seven inner and remote cities of Castilla- La Mancha have been used. We can observe a priori differentiating processes, and others that respond to logics associated to the influence of the polynuclear metropolitan area of Madrid.