bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Monensin A and Its Derivatives: Summary of the Achievements
Authors: Łowicki Daniel , Huczyński Adam
Published: February 2013

In this paper structural and microbiological studies on the ionophorous antibiotic monensin A and its derivatives have been collected. Monensin A is an ionophore which selectively complexes and transports sodium cation across lipid membranes, and therefore it shows a variety of biological properties. This antibiotic is commonly used as coccidiostat and nonhormonal growth promoter. The paper focuses on both the latest and earlier achievements concerning monensin A antimicrobial activity. The activities of monensin derivatives, including modifications of hydroxyl groups and carboxyl group, are also presented.
Thermal Aggregation of Recombinant Protective Antigen: Aggregate Morphology and Growth Rate
Authors: Belton Daniel J. , Miller Aline F.
Published: February 2013

The thermal aggregation of the biopharmaceutical protein recombinant protective antigen (rPA) has been explored, and the associated kinetics and thermodynamic parameters have been extracted using optical and environmental scanning electron microscopies (ESEMs) and ultraviolet light scattering spectroscopy (UV-LSS). Visual observations and turbidity measurements provided an overall picture of the aggregation process, suggesting a two-step mechanism. Microscopy was used to examine the structure of aggregates, revealing an open morphology formed by the clustering of the microscopic aggregate particles. UV-LSS was used and developed to elucidate the growth rate of these particles, which formed in the first stage of the aggregation process. Their growth rate is observed to be high initially, before falling to converge on a final size that correlates with the ESEM data. The results suggest that the particle growth rate is limited by rPA monomer concentration, and by obtaining data over a range of incubation temperatures, an approach was developed to model the aggregation kinetics and extract the rate constants and the temperature dependence of aggregation. In doing so, we quantified the susceptibility of rPA aggregation under different temperature and environmental conditions and moreover demonstrated a novel use of UV spectrometry to monitor the particle aggregation quantitatively, in situ, in a nondestructive and time-resolved manner.
Energy Efficiency of a Greenhouse for the Conservation of Forestry Biodiversity
Authors: Marucci Alvaro , Carlini Maurizio , Castellucci Sonia , Cappuccini Andrea
Published: February 2013

Forest biodiversity conservation is one of the most interesting and crucial problems in forestry world. Currently, the conservation methods are based on two phases: the conservation of seeds at low temperatures and the multiplication of vegetable material. This latter operation can be successfully developed in properly designed greenhouses. The aim of this paper is to define a type of greenhouse which is particularly suitable for plant material propagation in order to preserve forest biodiversity in the area of the Central Italy. Some general parameters were first defined for a correct planning of the structure, such as: the shape of the section, volume, cover material, systems for heating and cooling, and those for the control of the internal microclimate parameters (light, air temperature, and relative humidity). Considering the construction characteristics and the climatic conditions of the place, the internal microclimatic conditions have been later determined by the useful implementation in TRNSYS in order to analyse the energy efficiency of the greenhouse.
Development of a Novel System for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fucosylation in Plasmaα1-Acid Glycoprotein
Authors: Asao Takayuki , Yazawa Shin , Nishimura Toyo , Hayashi Takashi , Shimaoka Hideyuki , Saniabadi Abby R. , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: February 2013

Human plasmaα1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) from cancer patients and healthy volunteers was purified by sequential application of ion-exchange columns, and N-linked glycans enzymatically released from AGP were labeled and applied to a mass spectrometer. Additionally, a novel software system for use in combination with a mass spectrometer to determine N-linked glycans in AGP was developed. A database with 607 glycans including 453 different glycan structures that were theoretically predicted to be present in AGP was prepared for designing the software called AGPAS. This AGPAS was applied to determine relative abundance of each glycan in the AGP molecules based on mass spectra. It was found that the relative abundance of fucosylated glycans in tri- and tetra-antennary structures (FUCAGP) was significantly higher in cancer patients as compared with the healthy group (P<0.001). Furthermore, extremely elevated levels of FUCAGP were found specifically in patients with a poor prognosis but not in patients with a good prognosis. In conclusion, the present software system allowed rapid determination of the primary structures of AGP glycans. The fucosylated glycans as novel tumor markers have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and assessment of cancer progression as well as patient prognosis.
The Influence of Different Acupuncture Manipulations on the Skin Temperature of an Acupoint
Authors: Huang Tao , Huang Xin , Zhang Weibo , Jia Shuyong , Cheng Xinnong , Litscher Gerhard
Published: February 2013

This study was performed to observe the influence of sham and different verum acupuncture manipulations on skin temperature of the stimulated acupoint in healthy volunteers. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers with a mean age of 25.4 ± 2.2 years were enrolled in the study. All volunteers had experienced acupuncture before. They received sham acupuncture and two different kinds of verum acupuncture stimulation (lifting-thrusting and twisting-rotating) on Zusanli (ST36). The skin temperature of ST36 was measured before acupuncture, after needle insertion, after needle manipulation, immediately after removal of the needle, and as further control 5 minutes after removal of the needle using a FLIR i7 infrared thermal camera. During the measurement, the needling sensations of volunteers were enquired and recorded. During the sham acupuncture stimulation, the skin temperature of ST36 decreased in the first 5 minutes, when the point was exposed, and then increased gradually. During verum acupuncture stimulations, the skin temperature increased continually and then decreased in the last phase. The increase in temperature caused by lifting-thrusting stimulation was significantly higher than that of twisting-rotating manipulation, which may be related to the stimulation intensity.
The Sulfatase Pathway for Estrogen Formation: Targets for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Hormone-Associated Tumors
Authors: Secky Lena , Svoboda Martin , Klameth Lukas , Bajna Erika , Hamilton Gerhard , Zeillinger Robert , Jäger Walter , Thalhammer Theresia
Published: February 2013

The extragonadal synthesis of biological active steroid hormones from their inactive precursors in target tissues is named “intracrinology.” Of particular importance for the progression of estrogen-dependent cancers is the in situ formation of the biological most active estrogen, 17beta-estradiol (E2). In cancer cells, conversion of inactive steroid hormone precursors to E2 is accomplished from inactive, sulfated estrogens in the “sulfatase pathway” and from androgens in the “aromatase pathway.” Here, we provide an overview about expression and function of enzymes of the “sulfatase pathway,” particularly steroid sulfatase (STS) that activates estrogens and estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) that converts active estrone (E1) and other estrogens to their inactive sulfates. High expression of STS and low expression of SULT1E1 will increase levels of active estrogens in malignant tumor cells leading to the stimulation of cell proliferation and cancer progression. Therefore, blocking the “sulfatase pathway” by STS inhibitors may offer an attractive strategy to reduce levels of active estrogens. STS inhibitors either applied in combination with aromatase inhibitors or as novel, dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibiting drugs are currently under investigation. Furthermore, STS inhibitors are also suitable as enzyme–based cancer imaging agents applied in the biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET) for cancer diagnosis.
Have Personality Disorders Been Overdiagnosed among Eating Disorder Patients?
Authors: von Lojewski Astrid , Fisher Anna , Abraham Suzanne
Published: February 2013

Background: There is persuasive evidence for a relationship between eating disorders (EDs) and personality disorders (PDs). Research studies over the last three decades have used various tools to explore PDs in EDs with differing results. We investigated PDs derived from an interview - the International Personality Disorder Examination. Methods: 132 female inpatients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN-R), binge-purging AN, bulimia nervosa (BN) and ED not otherwise specified were interviewed. MANCOVA was used to test for differences in dimensional PD scores for the ED diagnostic and behavioural groups. Results: Twenty-one percent of patients had a definite DSM-IV PD diagnosis and 37% of patients had ≥1 definite or probable DSM-IV PD diagnoses. Cluster C PDs were most commonly found [avoidant (25%), obsessive-compulsive (9%), dependent (2%)], followed by cluster B PDs [borderline (13%), histrionic (2%)]. Comparison of PD dimensional scores revealed significantly lower PD scores for borderline PD in AN-R when compared to the other diagnostic groups; and significantly higher scores for histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and not otherwise specified PDs for BN when compared to the other diagnostic groups. Self-induced vomiting was the only behaviour significantly associated with any PD dimensional scores (borderline and narcissistic). Conclusions: Assessment of PDs using a highly structured interview administered by trained interviewers results in less PD diagnoses compared with previous studies of inpatients with an ED. Avoidance is the most common PD and those patients who induce vomiting are more likely to have borderline features.
Identification of Infection- and Defense-Related Genes via a Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interaction Network Using a Candida Albicans-Zebrafish Infection Model
Authors: Kuo Zong-Yu , Chuang Yung-Jen , Chao Chun-Cheih , Liu Fu-Chen , Lan Chung-Yu , Chen Bor-Sen
Published: February 2013

Candida albicans infections and candidiasis are difficult to treat and create very serious therapeutic challenges. In this study, based on interactive time profile microarray data of C. albicans and zebrafish during infection, the infection-related protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the two species and the intercellular PPI network between host and pathogen were simultaneously constructed by a dynamic interaction model, modeled as an integrated network consisting of intercellular invasion and cellular defense processes during infection. The signal transduction pathways in regulating morphogenesis and hyphal growth of C. albicans were further investigated based on significant interactions found in the intercellular PPI network. Two cellular networks were also developed corresponding to the different infection stages (adhesion and invasion), and then compared with each other to identify proteins from which we can gain more insight into the pathogenic role of hyphal development in the C. albicans infection process. Important defense-related proteins in zebrafish were predicted using the same approach. The hyphal growth PPI network, zebrafish PPI network and host-pathogen intercellular PPI network were combined to form an integrated infectious PPI network that helps us understand the systematic mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of C. albicans and the immune response of the host, and may help improve medical therapies and facilitate the development of new antifungal drugs.
Relationship of Sudden Cardiac Death to New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Okin Peter M. , Bang Casper N. , Wachtell Kristian , Hille Darcy A. , Kjeldsen Sverre E. , Dahlöf Björn , Devereux Richard B.
Published: February 2013

Background—

Prevalent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a higher sudden cardiac death (SCD) rate in some populations, and incident AF predicts increased mortality risk in the general population and after myocardial infarction. However, the relationship of SCD to new-onset AF is unclear.

Methods and Results—

The relationship of SCD to new-onset AF was evaluated in 8831 hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with no history of AF, in sinus rhythm on their baseline electrocardiogram, randomly assigned to losartan- or atenolol-based treatment. During 4.7±1.1 years mean follow-up, new-onset AF occurred in 701 patients (7.9%) and SCD in 151 patients (1.7%). In univariate Cox analyses, new-onset AF was associated with a >4-fold higher risk of SCD (hazard ratio, 4.69; 95% CI interval, 2.96–7.45;
P
<0.001). In multivariate Cox analyses adjusting for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, history of heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, smoking, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio as standard risk factors, and for incident myocardial infarction, in-treatment use of digoxin, systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, QRS duration, Cornell voltage-duration product, and Sokolow-Lyon voltage left ventricular hypertrophy treated as time-varying covariates, new-onset AF remained associated with a >3-fold increased risk of SCD (hazard ratio, 3.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.87–5.24;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Development of new-onset AF identifies hypertensive patients at increased risk of SCD.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00338260.
Native Myocardial T1 Mapping by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Subclinical Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Puntmann Valentina O. , D’Cruz David , Smith Zachary , Pastor Ana , Choong Peng , Voigt Tobias , Carr-White Gerry , Sangle Shirish , Schaeffter Tobias , Nagel Eike
Published: February 2013

Background—

Increased systemic inflammation has been linked to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Accurate detection of early myocardial changes may be able to guide preventive intervention. We investigated whether multiparametric imaging by cardiovascular magnetic resonance can detect differences between controls and asymptomatic SLE patients.

Methods and Results—

A total of 33 SLE predominantly female patients (mean age, 40±9 years) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance for routine assessment of myocardial perfusion, function, and late gadolinium enhancement. T1 mapping was performed in single short-axis slice before and after 15 minutes of gadolinium administration. Twenty-one subjects with a low pretest probability and normal cardiovascular magnetic resonance served as a control group. Both groups had similar left ventricular volumes and mass and normal global systolic function. SLE patients had significantly reduced longitudinal strain (controls versus SLE, −20±2% versus −17±3%;
P
<0.01) and showed intramyocardial and pericardial late gadolinium enhancement. SLE patients had significantly increased native myocardial T1 (1056±27 versus 1152±46 milliseconds;
P
<0.001) and extracellular volume fraction (26±5% versus 30±6%;
P
=0.007) and reduced postcontrast myocardial T1 (454±53 versus 411±62 milliseconds;
P
=0.01). T1-derived indices were associated with longitudinal strain (
r
=0.37–0.47) but not with the presence of late gadolinium enhancement. Native myocardial T1 values showed the greatest concordance with the presence of clinical diagnosis of SLE.

Conclusions—

In patients with SLE and free of cardiac symptoms, there is evidence of subclinical perimyocardial impairment. We further demonstrate that T1 mapping may have potential to detect subclinical myocardial involvement in patients with SLE.
Randomized Comparison of Sirolimus-Eluting and Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents in the Treatment of Total Coronary Occlusions
Authors: Moreno Raul , García Eulogio , Teles Rui , Rumoroso Jose-Ramon , Carvalho Henrique Cyrne , Goicolea Francisco Javier , Moreu José , Mauri Josefa , Sabaté Manel , Mainar Vicente , Patricio Lino , Valdés Mariano , Fernández Vázquez Felipez , Sánchez-Recalde Angel , Galeote Guillermo , Jimenez-Valero Santiago , Almeida Manuel , de Sa Esteban Lopez , Calvo Luis , Plaza Ignacio , Lopez-Sendón Jose-Luis , Martín Jose-Luis R. ,   for the CIBELES Investigators
Published: February 2013

Background—

Patients with coronary total occlusions are at especially high risk for restenosis and new revascularizations. Sirolimus-eluting stents dramatically improved the clinical outcome of this subset of patients in randomized trials, but other drug-eluting stents, mainly the everolimus-eluting stent (currently the most frequently used stent), have not yet been evaluated in patients with coronary total occlusions. The objective was to compare the second-generation everolimus-eluting stent with the first-generation sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with coronary total occlusions.

Methods and Results—

A total of 207 patients with coronary total occlusions and estimated time since occlusion >2 weeks were randomized to everolimus- or sirolimus-eluting stent. The primary end point was in-stent late loss at 9-month angiographic follow-up (noninferiority trial). Clinical follow-up was performed at 1 and 12 months. In-stent late loss at 9 months was 0.29±0.60 versus 0.13±0.69 mm in patients allocated to sirolimus- and everolimus-eluting stent, respectively. The observed difference in in-stent late loss between both groups was –0.16 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.04 to –0.36 mm;
P
for noninferiority <0.01). The rate of binary angiographic restenosis was 10.8% and 9.1% in patients allocated to sirolimus- and everolimus-eluting stent, respectively (
P
=0.709), whereas the rate of vessel reocclusion was 3.2% and 1.1%, respectively (
P
=0.339). At 12 months, the rate of major adverse events was 15.9% versus 11.1% with sirolimus- and everolimus-eluting stent, respectively (
P
=0.335), and probable or definitive stent thrombosis occurred in 3.0% and 0.0% of patients, respectively (
P
=0.075).

Conclusions—

In patients with coronary total occlusions, everolimus-eluting stent is as effective as sirolimus-eluting stent.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00793221.
Outcomes of Stent Implantation for Obstruction of Intracardiac Lateral Tunnel Fontan Pathways
Authors: Mets Joseph M. , Bergersen Lisa , Mayer John E. , Marshall Audrey C. , McElhinney Doff B.
Published: February 2013

Background—

Factors associated with obstruction of the cavopulmonary pathway in patients with a lateral tunnel (LT) intracardiac Fontan connection and outcomes of percutaneous stent implantation for this complication have not been characterized.

Methods and Results—

Between 1999 and 2011, 51 patients underwent stent implantation for LT pathway stenosis at a median age of 10.2 years and a median of 6.9 years after Fontan completion. Compared with control patients undergoing catheterization for other indications, patients had significantly higher inferior vena cava pressures (15.6 versus 13.7 mm Hg;
P
=0.007), but only 18 (35%) had a measurable pressure gradient in the catheterization laboratory. The morphology of the obstructions varied considerably and was not amenable to straightforward classification. Stenting increased mean diameter of the LT stenosis from 8.5 to 14.2 mm (
P
<0.001) and eliminated the pressure gradient when present. After stenting, 1 patient developed a significant new baffle leak that was treated with surgical Fontan revision 1.2 months later. A trivial baffle leak was observed in 1 other patient after stenting but required no treatment. Eight patients (16%) underwent successful redilation of the LT stent because of patient growth, symptomatic presentation, or during catheterization for other indications, but 1 developed a new baffle leak during redilation.

Conclusions—

It was possible to enlarge the narrowed LT baffle substantially in patients with a variety of forms of obstruction, with few adverse events. The physiological implications of LT narrowing and target size for stenting deserve further investigation.
Imatinib Mesylate as Add-on Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hoeper Marius M. , Barst Robyn J. , Bourge Robert C. , Feldman Jeremy , Frost Adaani E. , Galié Nazzareno , Gómez-Sánchez Miguel Angel , Grimminger Friedrich , Grünig Ekkehard , Hassoun Paul M. , Morrell Nicholas W. , Peacock Andrew J. , Satoh Toru , Simonneau Gérald , Tapson Victor F. , Torres Fernando , Lawrence David , Quinn Deborah A. , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir
Published: February 2013

Background—

By its inhibitory effect on platelet-derived growth factor signaling, imatinib could be efficacious in treating patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods and Results—

Imatinib in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, a Randomized, Efficacy Study (IMPRES), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-week trial, evaluated imatinib in patients with pulmonary vascular resistance ≥800 dyne·s·cm
−5
symptomatic on ≥2 PAH therapies. The primary outcome was change in 6-minute walk distance. Secondary outcomes included changes in hemodynamics, functional class, serum levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide, and time to clinical worsening. After completion of the core study, patients could enter an open-label long-term extension study. Of 202 patients enrolled, 41% patients received 3 PAH therapies, with the remainder on 2 therapies. After 24 weeks, the mean placebo-corrected treatment effect on 6-minute walk distance was 32 m (95% confidence interval, 12–52;
P
=0.002), an effect maintained in the extension study in patients remaining on imatinib. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased by 379 dyne·s·cm
−5
(95% confidence interval, −502 to − 255;
P
<0.001, between-group difference). Functional class, time to clinical worsening, and mortality did not differ between treatments. Serious adverse events and discontinuations were more frequent with imatinib than placebo (44% versus 30% and 33% versus 18%, respectively). Subdural hematoma occurred in 8 patients (2 in the core study, 6 in the extension) receiving imatinib and anticoagulation.

Conclusions—

Imatinib improved exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with advanced PAH, but serious adverse events and study drug discontinuations were common. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of imatinib in patients with PAH.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00902174 (core study); NCT01392495 (extension).
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke According to Subtype in Patients With Clinical Manifest Arterial Disease
Authors: den Hartog Anne G. , Achterberg Sefanja , Moll Frans L. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Visseren Frank L.J. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Algra Ale , de Borst Gert Jan
Published: February 2013

Background and Purpose—

Because best medical treatment is improving, the risk of stroke in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) may decline. We evaluated the risk of ischemic stroke and stratified it according to stroke subtype in patients with ACAS during long-term follow-up.

Methods—

In total, 4319 consecutive patients in the Second Manifestations of Arterial disease study with clinically manifest arterial disease or specific risk factors, but without a history of cerebrovascular disease, were included. Degree of stenosis was evaluated with duplex ultrasound scanning. Strokes during follow-up were classified according to subtype. Cox-proportional hazard-regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ACAS and future stroke.

Results—

We identified 293 (6.8%) patients with ACAS 50% to 99%, of whom 193 had 70% to 99% stenosis. In these subgroups, mean follow-up was 6.2 and 6.0 years, respectively. In total, 94 ischemic strokes occurred, of which 8 in ACAS 50% to 99% patients. The any territory annual ischemic stroke risk was 0.4% in 50% to 99% ACAS and 0.5% per year for 70% to 99% ACAS patients. The risk of ischemic stroke was not significantly increased in patients with ACAS 70% to 99% (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–3.5). Patients with ACAS 50% to 99% and ACAS 70% to 99% tended to have nonsignificantly more large vessel disease strokes (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–4.2 and hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–5.6).

Conclusions—

Patients with clinically manifest arterial disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a low risk of developing ischemic stroke, irrespective of its subtype and independent of the degree of ACAS stenosis.
Nailing Down and Tying Up: Lessons in Intertextual Impossibility from the Martyrdom of Polycarp
Authors: Moss Candida R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This paper addresses scholarly approaches to the function of allusions and intertextuality in the Martyrdom of Polycarp. It argues that scholarship on this question has operated with and been hampered by unspoken assumptions about the historicity and authenticity of the account, the development of canon, the use of scriptural sources, and the function of allusions. Attention to the function of intertextuality in the account reveals both that it is difficult to identify concretely the sources of the account and that, as a result, it is impossible to speak authoritatively about the author’s intent with respect to the use of these sources.
Critical Tests of Multiple Theories of Cultures’ Consequences
Authors: Hsu Shih-Yun , Woodside Arch G. , Marshall Roger
Published: February 2013

The study provides critical tests of the usefulness of four alternative theories, proposed by Hofstede, Inglehart, Schwartz, and Steenkamp, of national cultures’ influences for explaining consumers’ consumption of international services. The study applies critical testing of these four theories in two research contexts: visiting Australia by holiday (vacation) travelers from 5 Asian and 5 Western nations and visiting the United States by holiday (vacation) travelers from 12 nations. The study is unique and valuable in proposing and testing configurational perspectives of cultural influences rather than testing via “unpacking” the net effects of cultural dimensions separately. The findings indicate that cultural configurations do impact consumption behavior of international services beyond the influences of demographic conditions (distance and national wealth) and that Schwartz’s theory is useful in particular in explaining unique aspects of consuming international services.
Illusions of a Good Grade
Authors: Buckelew Susan P. , Byrd Nikki , Key Colin W. , Thornton Jessica , Merwin Michelle M.
Published: February 2013

This study assessed the relationships among the accuracy of grade predictions, actual grades, self-enhancement bias, and attributions about academic performance. As a group, students anticipated higher grades than were earned. Individual differences in self-enhancement bias were measured using the discrepancy between anticipated and attained grades. This self-enhancement bias was negatively correlated with effort attributions and positively correlated with luck attributions. Students with higher American college testing (ACT) scores made more accurate predictions of their actual grades, demonstrating less self-enhancement bias. Students with the highest risk of performing poorly in class (lower ACT scores) were at greatest risk of overestimating grades, assumed external attributions for grade attainment, and were less likely to adopt positive learning strategies. Implications for teaching are discussed.
Sensitivity to spacing information increases more for the eye region than for the mouth region during childhood
Authors: de Heering Adélaïde , Schiltz Christine
Published: February 2013

Sensitivity to spacing information within faces improves with age and reaches maturity only at adolescence. In this study, we tested 6–16-year-old children’s sensitivity to vertical spacing when the eyes or the mouth is the facial feature selectively manipulated. Despite the similar discriminability of these manipulations when they are embedded in inverted faces (Experiment 1), children’s sensitivity to spacing information manipulated in upright faces improved with age only when the eye region was concerned (Experiment 2). Moreover, children’s ability to process the eye region did not correlate with their selective visual attention, marking the automation of the mechanism (Experiment 2). In line with recent findings, we suggest here that children rely on a holistic/configural face processing mechanism to process the eye region, composed of multiple features to integrate, which steadily improves with age.
Evaluation of the effects of reflexology on quality of life and symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis patients with moderate to severe disability; a pilot study
Authors: Miller L , McIntee E , Mattison P
Published: February 2013

Objective:

To examine the feasibility of delivering reflexology to people moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis and to investigate the effect on a range of symptoms.

Methods:

A pilot single-blind randomized placebo controlled trial.

Setting:

An outpatient multiple sclerosis rehabilitation centre.

Subjects:

Twenty people moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis were randomized into one of two groups receiving either reflexology or sham reflexology.

Intervention:

Each participant received 8 weeks, 1 hour per week of either reflexology or sham reflexology.

Main measures:

Primary outcome measure was the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS29). Secondary measures assessed a range of symptoms at baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at either 8 ( P = 0.538) or 16 ( P = 0.112) weeks for the primary outcome measure; however, both groups demonstrated small improvements from 92.3 (SD 20.9) to 75.6 (SD 3.3) with reflexology, and 91.3 (SD 29.9) to 81.5 (±18.5) with sham reflexology group after 8 weeks of treatment. Small improvements were noted in most of the secondary outcome measures at 8 weeks. There was no difference between the groups at 8 weeks except for bladder function ( P = 0.003) and most scores returned to baseline at follow-up.

Conclusions:

The results do not support the use of reflexology for symptom relief in a more disabled multiple sclerosis population and are strongly suggestive of a placebo response. This study demonstrates, however, that reflexology can be delivered and is well tolerated by people who are moderately to severely affected by multiple sclerosis.
In pursuit of harmony: The social and organisational factors in a professional vocal ensemble
Authors: Lim Mei Chern
Published: February 2013

How do chamber music ensembles consistently succeed in achieving a level of harmony that many other work groups can only dream of? Through an in-depth case study of a professional vocal ensemble, this study explores some of the factors that underlie the excellence of chamber music ensembles as work groups. Qualitative interview data revealed information about member characteristics, leadership models, task distribution, decision making, relationships, conflicts, the artistic production process, characteristics of good ensemble singing, group aspirations, issues of identity, and challenges as musicians. In particular, the ensemble members’ collective commitment to excellence was striking. Results further revealed that members possess a set of highly relevant personal and interpersonal skills that are manifested both on and off stage: self awareness, restraint, interpersonal awareness, and mutual sensitivity. It is suggested that this set of skills is crucial in enabling musicians to collaborate in pursuit of their collective artistic endeavours.
Cluster-like headache and a cystic hypothalamic tumour as first presentation of sarcoidosis
Authors: der Vlist Steven HM van , Hummelink Bernard JCM , Westerga Johan , Boogerd Willem
Published: February 2013

Introduction

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous, multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown cause, which presents with a wide variety of symptoms. We describe a rare case of a newly diagnosed sarcoidosis, with cluster-like headache as a presenting symptom.

Case

A 31-year-old man presented with cluster headache with a cystic lesion in the hypothalamus. A non-caseating granuloma consistent with the diagnosis sarcoidosis was found at biopsy. Pulmonary involvement was confirmed on positron electron tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). Treatment with prednisone led to regression of the hypothalamic lesion. Headache attacks did not recur.

Discussion

Cluster-like headache with a cystic hypothalamic lesion as first presentation of sarcoidosis has never been reported. Their possible relationship seems to underline the role of the hypothalamus in the central pain-regulatory areas in the brain, but is not undisputed. This case clearly demonstrates once again the relevance of neuroimaging in new-onset cluster-like headache.
The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States
Authors: Moore Wendy Leo
Published: February 2013

More than a generation after the civil rights movement, racial inequality persists as a defining characteristic of United States social structure. Scholars from across the political spectrum have discussed and debated the causes of persistent racial inequality, offering various interpretations. Yet in the work of these otherwise different scholars, there is a consistent theme – the post civil rights era is an era of ‘formal legal equality’. Employing a method of structurally situated critical discourse analysis comparing Supreme Court race jurisprudence in the Post-Civil War and the post-Civil Rights Eras, this article interrogates this deployment of the concept of formal equality. The analysis reveals that in both eras the Supreme Court utilizes a discursive frame that asserts the position of formal legal equality, yet simultaneously employs narrative moves that ignore social structural mechanisms of racial inequality. The result is a legacy of legal framing that deploys an ‘epistemology of ignorance’ as a mechanism to protect white privilege, power, and wealth.
An integrated model for high-speed motorized spindles – Dynamic behaviors
Authors: Chen Xiao-an , Liu Jun-feng , He Ye , Zhang Peng , Shan Wen-tao
Published: February 2013

With increasing popularity in high-speed machining due to its high efficiency, there is a vital need for more accurate prediction of dynamic behaviors for high-speed motorized spindles. The spindle units integrate tools with built-in motors hence a comprehensive model is required to include the multi-physics coupling property. This article presents an integrated model which consists of four coupled sub-models: state, shaft, bearing, and thermal model. Using the variational principle, a state model for the motor-spindle system is generated, which can describe the running state of the spindle, and provide electrical parameters to study the motor heat generation for thermal model and the unbalanced magnetic force for shaft dynamic model. The thermal model is coupled with the bearing and shaft dynamic model through bearing heat generation and thermal displacement. Thus, the entire model becomes an integrated electro-thermo-mechanical dynamic model. The proposed integrated model is investigated by a solution procedure and validated experimentally, and it shows that the model is capable of accurately predicting the dynamic behaviors of motorized spindles. The coupling relationship among the electrical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of the system becomes clear from the simulation and experimental results, and some feasible methods to improve the dynamic performances of the system are obtained.
Wind turbine individual pitch control for load reduction based on fuzzy controller design
Authors: Pan Tinglong , Ma Zhongxin
Published: February 2013

The individual pitch control technique for large-scale wind turbines is analyzed in this article. Based on linear blade element momentum theory, the wind turbine model about blade loads is established. To make the control design problem time invariant, blade root moments in the periodic frame of reference are transformed to tilt and yaw moments in the nonrotating reference frame, which are decoupled into two single-input single-output linear systems by the Coleman transformation, so the controller design is simplified and fuzzy controller is used. Simulation results show that compared with collective pitch control, the strategy of individual pitch control not only ensures output power approximately equal, but also reduces fatigue loads of blades and other key components.
Environmental sampling for evaluating verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Widgren Stefan , Eriksson Erik , Aspan Anna , Emanuelson Ulf , Alenius Stefan , Lindberg Ann
Published: February 2013

Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen capable of causing severe disease in human beings. Cattle are considered to be the main reservoir of the bacterium. The objective of the current study was to compare environmental sampling (consisting of dust, overshoe, and pooled pat samples) with pooled, individual fecal sampling for determining the cattle herd status under field conditions in naturally infected dairy herds. Thirty-one dairy cattle farms in Sweden, where verotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7 had been previously detected, were visited. On each farm, dust, overshoe, and pooled pat sampling were performed in each of 3 different age categories: calves, young stock, and adults. In addition, up to 140 individual fecal samples were collected and analyzed as pooled samples. In total, 3,763 individual fecal and 270 environmental samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7. Overshoe sampling, alone or in combination with dust and pooled pat sampling, correctly classified 20 of the 24 (0.83, 95% CI: 0.63–0.95) herds detected with at least 1 positive pool. On 1 farm, a dust sample was positive although all other samples were negative. In 6 of the 31 farms, the bacteria could not be detected in any of the individual fecal samples or in the environmental samples. The results establish that environmental sampling is a reliable method for identifying cattle herds with animals shedding verotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7.
Evaluation of culture techniques and bacterial cultures from uroliths
Authors: Perry Leigh A. , Kass Philip H. , Johnson Dee L. , Ruby Annette L. , Shiraki Ryoji , Westropp Jodi L.
Published: February 2013

The association between urolithiasis and growth of bacteria in the urine or urolith has not been recently evaluated in the past 15 years, and the effects of antimicrobial administration on urolith cultures have not been reported. As well, laboratory techniques for urolith cultures have not been critically evaluated. The objectives of the current study were to 1) report bacterial isolates from uroliths and their association with signalment, urolith composition, antimicrobial use, and urine cultures and 2) evaluate laboratory techniques for urolith cultures. For the first objective, a retrospective search of bacterial isolates cultured from uroliths submitted to the laboratory as well as the signalment, urine culture results, and antimicrobial use were recorded. For the second objective, 50 urolith pairs were cultured by washing each urolith either 1or 4 times and culturing the core. Five hundred twenty canine and 168 feline uroliths were reviewed. Struvite-containing uroliths had an increased prevalence of a positive culture compared to nonstruvite-containing uroliths ( P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 5.4), as did uroliths from female dogs ( P < 0.0001, OR = 2.9). No significant difference between culture results and previous antimicrobial administration was found ( P = 0.41). Eighteen percent of cases with negative urine cultures had positive urolith cultures. There was no significant difference in core culture results whether the urolith was washed 1 or 4 times ( P = 0.07). Urolith culture outcome was not always influenced by previous antimicrobial administration, and bacterial culture of a urolith may not yield the same results as those obtained from the urine. The modified protocol, which requires less time and expense for urolith cultures, may be an acceptable alternative.
Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of internalizing symptoms: Do Latin-American immigrant show more symptomatology than Spanish native-born adolescents?
Authors: Romero-Acosta Kelly , Penelo Eva , Noorian Zahra , Ferreira Estrella , Domènech-Llaberia Edelmira
Published: February 2013

This study mainly compared the prevalence of internalizing symptoms of 834 Spanish and 159 Latin-American immigrant adolescents. Participants completed self-report measures about depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The results indicated that being Latin-American was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and being female was related to higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Gender differences were more prevalent in Spaniards than in Latinos, with girls showing more symptoms than boys. High socio-economic status was negatively related to depressive symptoms and anxiety. The results may alert clinicians of the importance of assessing depressive symptoms in Latino adolescents in order to treat this group of youths effectively.
The dynamics of company profits: A latent growth model
Authors: Revilla Antonio J , Fernández Zulima
Published: February 2013

Existing literature on profit dynamics focuses mainly on the erosion of profit differentials as a result of competitive pressures while largely ignoring the processes by which such differentials arise. Neoclassical models of competition and market equilibrium provide the theoretical base for such literature. We argue, on the contrary, for a view of competitive dynamics that encompasses both the emergence and the erosion of economic rents—a view rooted in strategic insights into how firms can create abnormal profits. Accordingly, we define a trend-based model explicitly acknowledging that firms differ in their ability to improve performance, which gives rise to heterogeneous profitability trends. We express the model as a multilevel latent growth curve, which allows us to address the significant challenges present in modeling profit dynamics. We employ such a model to analyze the dynamics of profitability in a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms from 1991 to 2008.
Variability Over Time-Since- Diagnosis in the Protective Effect of Psychological Resilience Against Depression in Australian Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Wootten Addie C. , Bitsika Vicki , Christie David R. H.
Published: February 2013

Although there is some evidence that psychological resilience may “buffer” against depression following major stressors, no data have been reported on the nature and variability of this buffering effect among prostate cancer patients during the 5 years following their initial diagnosis. Patients from two sites in Australia and who had received their initial diagnosis within 5 years ( n = 255) were surveyed, and the results indicated that there was a significant inverse relationship between resilience and depression in the overall data, but that was mostly accounted for by a single factor of the resilience scale (“Confidence to cope with change”). Variability in that buffering effect was noted over time since diagnosis, with peaks during the first 6 months, at 24 and 60 months. These findings support the argument to develop focused psychiatric interventions at various periods following a diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Carbon nanotubes–reinforced copper matrix composites produced by melt stirring
Authors: Hippmann Sophie , Li Qianqian , Addinal Raphael , Volk Wolfram
Published: February 2013

Due to their geometry and extraordinary mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes have been envisioned as promising enhancements for metal matrix composites. In this article, we report on our melt stirring approach for incorporation of carbon nanotubes into a copper alloy matrix and on the experimental results obtained by assessing the material properties. The existence of carbon nanotubes in the copper matrix after processing was proven by Raman analysis. We found that the small amounts of carbon nanotubes (0.1 wt%) in the composites influenced mechanical and abrasive wear properties.
Diagnosis and treatment of impulse control disorders in patients with movement disorders
Authors: Mestre Tiago A. , Strafella Antonio P. , Thomsen Teri , Voon Valerie , Miyasaki Janis
Published: February 2013

Impulse control disorders are a psychiatric condition characterized by the failure to resist an impulsive act or behavior that may be harmful to self or others. In movement disorders, impulse control disorders are associated with dopaminergic treatment, notably dopamine agonists (DAs). Impulse control disorders have been studied extensively in Parkinson’s disease, but are also recognized in restless leg syndrome and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. Epidemiological studies suggest younger age, male sex, greater novelty seeking, impulsivity, depression and premorbid impulse control disorders as the most consistent risk factors. Such patients may warrant special monitoring after starting treatment with a DA. Various individual screening tools are available for people without Parkinson’s disease. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease has been developed specifically for Parkinson’s disease. The best treatment for impulse control disorders is prevention. However, after the development of impulse control disorders, the mainstay intervention is to reduce or discontinue the offending anti-Parkinsonian medication. In refractory cases, other pharmacological interventions are available, including neuroleptics, antiepileptics, amantadine, antiandrogens, lithium and opioid antagonists. Unfortunately, their use is only supported by case reports, small case series or open-label clinical studies. Prospective, controlled studies are warranted. Ongoing investigations include naltrexone and nicotine.