bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the Role of Financial Market Regulators: Statement of the Research Problem
Authors:   National Payment Council, Moscow 109012, Russian Federation, Mihailova M.A. , Obynochny A.V. ,   National Payment Council, Moscow 109012, Russian Federation, Shvandar K.V. ,   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Rapid socioeconomic development has produced a widening gap between economic theory and reality. As a result, it has become increasingly difficult to objectively assess whether financial regulatory policies adopted by nations worldwide are aligned with the fundamental objectives of stimulating financial market growth and promoting competition, and whether these policies are based on a realistic marketpicture. Such policy assessments have become particularly challenging for the payments industry and in regards to the regulation governing emergent financial market players from other industries (e.g. Big Tech). Coupled with the radical shift in the role of regulators themselves, this phenomenon raises a variety of scientific questions. Over the past few years, participants in the financial industry, primarily in the payment segment around the world, have, in practice, faced changes in the approaches of central (national) banks to market regulation. In our opinion, the key change lies in the new role that regulation is acquiring: now it not only reacts to market changes by setting a regulatory framework for them, but also becomes the central source and determining instrument of market changes. In this article, we substantiate an approach to the study of the directions of changes in the functions of macroregulation as a single mechanism in relation to a single object, in contrast to the studies available in the scientific literature within the framework of individual segments or infrastructures as well as the practice of regulation. The payment market used as an example is due to the fact that, by now, it is on this market that the changes studied manifest themselves to the greatest extent.
Approaches to Regulating E-Money Market in the Eurasian Economic Community: Comparative Analysis
Authors:   Russian Electronic Money and Remittance Association (REMA), Moscow 107078, Russian Federation, Dostov V.L. ,   Distributed Ledger Technologies Center of SPbU (NTI competence center), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation, Shoust P.M. ,   Russian Electronic Money and Remittance Association (REMA), Moscow 107078, Russian Federation,   Distributed Ledger Technologies Center of SPbU (NTI competence center), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation, Alekseev G.V. ,   Russian Electronic Money and Remittance Association (REMA), Moscow 107078, Russian Federation, Krivoruchko S.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The goal of this paper is to identify relevant (general and particular) elements of electronic money regulation in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Armenia. For the purposes of comparative analysis, the paper first introduces the methodology by outlining such factors as the legal status of electronic money issuers (including prudential requirements), differentiation of customer due diligence requirements in e-money systems, e-wallet usage rules, and division between the issuing and e-money transfer functionalities. Second, these factors are analyzed for each country, based on current regulatory acts. Finally, synthetic conclusions regarding major regional trends for regulation of e-money as a financial service are made. In most countries, e-money issuers are subject to licensing for the purposes of financial stability. Yet, approaches to differentiating functions of e-money actors vary across countries: in some of them, regulation recognizes “e-money operators” which transfer e-money but do not issue it. However, actual effects of this differentiation merits additional research. Almost all countries have implemented remote (simplified) identification which underlines the role of e-money as a “simplified” product aimed at financial inclusion. All countries except the Republic of Belarus and the Kyrgyz Republic still recognize non-personified electronic wallets. The research confirms that electronic money is still a specific instrument aimed at supporting financial inclusion and satisfying demand for instant cashless payments. More research is required to assess the actual effects of different regulatory approaches on the development of the e-money market.
Ecosystems and Marketplaces: Overview of the Financial Services Market
Authors:   BusinessDrom Analytical Center, Moscow 127422, Russian Federation, Samiev P.A. ,   “Opora Russia”, Moscow 127473, Russian Federation, Zakirova V.R. ,   BusinessDrom Analytical Center, Moscow 127422, Russian Federation, Shvandar D.V. ,   Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the research subject is due to global trends in financial market digitalization and new challenges of our time. The spread of globalization processes to the activities of financial organizations determines the trends in digital development of interaction with customers — in particular, growth of consumer demand for remote services in the context of a pandemic stimulates the formation of new financial and digital platforms. The article provides an analytical overview of trends in, obstacles to and prospects for the integration of financial ecosystems and marketplaces in the Russian market. The main conclusions of the work boil down to the need to apply an integrated approach when developing the rules for the functioning of financial and digital ecosystems and marketplaces, taking into account the intersectoral nature of interaction. Regulation will provide a legal framework and help to maintain competition in the market.
Fiscal Measures to Boost the Economic Development of Russian Territories
Authors:   Economic Expert Group, Moscow 109012, Russian Federation, Andryakov A.D. ,   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Dombrovskiy E.A. ,   Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Moscow 109097, Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Two possible directions of fiscal measures aimed at improving Russian territories’ economic development are discussed in the paper: one at the level of largest agglomerations and another one at the regional level. It is widely accepted that agglomerations are “engines” of economic growth. The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025 pays special attention to the development of agglomerations. However, the latter process has not only natural limitations, but also institutional ones arising from low fiscal independence of municipalities which form agglomerations. To overcome the institutional limitations, the paper proposes a set of fiscal measures, including a redistribution of tax revenues and expenditure obligations between the center of a given agglomeration and the region that contains it. The current fiscal mechanisms of stimulating economic development of Russian regions are analyzed. A mechanism of additional stimulation for regions to develop their own revenue base is proposed; it includes the transfer of receipts of VAT levied with a reduced rate of 10 % to regions in exchange for centralization of some part of corporate income tax in the federal budget. Different scenarios of this exchange are analyzed. It is shown that centralization of the corporate income tax amount corresponding to the 1 % rate in the federal budget in exchange for the transfer of VAT levied with a rate of 10 % to regions with a compensation mechanism within the transferred amounts is neutral to the federal budget and to budgets of the regions which receive equalization grants.
A review of Elizabeth Wilson's Affect and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ho Tung Manh
Published: November 2020

Wilson’s book is of great interest to readers of the biographical history of computer science and, more importantly, humanities scholars who would like to explore how emotions influence the works of early pioneers amongst AI theoreticians and engineers. However, I present three areas where the book can improve: engaging with affective computing, acculturation of emotion, and organization of biographical data.
Pembuatan batas dusun di desa paitana
Authors: Rhesa
Published: November 2020

Dalam kegiatan kklp stie stkip yapti jeneponto angakatan XXII melakukan program kerja pembuatan batas dusun desa paitana sebab belum terdapat batas yang memisahkan wilayah 8 dusun di desa tersebut sehingga masyarakat dapat mengetahui batas wilayah nya masing masing
Just file
Authors: Merinawati
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus (kklp) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang di lakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (s1) harus mengikuti kklp
Pengajaran TK/TPA
Authors: safitri Arfiana
Published: November 2020

Pembinaan TK/TPA perlu diadakan supaya anak-anak tidak melupakan suatu pedoman hidup dalam islam. Karena al-qur'an merupakan suatu pedoman hidup bagi umat islam.
Copy me!
Authors: Baciu Dan Costa
Published: November 2020

This article is an introduction to and press review of the theory of cultural life developed by Dan C. Baciu and laid down in his research article "Cultural life: Theory and empirical testing" (BioSystems, 2020, 197.104208).
ERBB2 is differentially expressed in the tumors of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, but ERBB2 expression increases rather than decreasing.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), encoded by the ERRB2 gene, is indicated for the treatment of adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer (1), and specifically for patients with HER2+ cancers, based on the rationale that over-expression of HER2 is an important factor in driving cell proliferation, and blocking HER2 will result in decreased cell proliferation (2). We used an unbiased comparative transcriptome approach, mining three independent microarray datasets (3-5), to identify genes most transcriptionally perturbed in the tumors of patients treated with trastuzumab and found that the gene whose gene product is the target of trastuzumab, ERBB2, was among the genes most differentially expressed in primary breast tumors and primary tumor cells of patients treated with trastuzumab. Surprisingly, expression of the gene product of ERBB2, HER2, was higher rather lower in the tumors of patients treated with ERBB2. This puzzling trend was observed across three independent patient datasets. Our findings reveal a potentially alarming feedback loop wherein message for the target of a cancer therapeutic is induced through function of the therapeutic itself.
Nasikh dan Mansukh Dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Munawaroh Novi Rojiyyatul
Published: November 2020

Pengertian Nasikh dan Mansukh dalam Al-Qur'an Serta Pmebagiannya dan Pendapatnya terhadap Para Ulama
Selbstkontrolle mit kleinen Fehlern
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: November 2020

https://www.spektrum.de/kolumne/luecken-im-peer-review-prozess/1771644
Upaya Kesehatan Keselamatan Kerja dan Pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja pada perawat
Authors: Siregar Rizky Abdau
Published: November 2020

Rumah sakit adalah satu unit service layanan kesehatan pada penduduk. Agar bisa mendapatkan kelebihan serta daya saing maka rumah sakit harus mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam peningkatan mutu layanannya dengan profesional pada customer, yaitu pasien yang dirawat atau rawat jalan. Rumah sakit dalam kaca mata publik adalah unit service fungsional sebagai unit dalam service penyuluhan, mencegah serta perlakuan beberapa kasus segala jenis penyakit. Kecelakaan kerja adalah kejadian yang tidak terduga dan tidak diharapkan. Kejadian kecelakaan kerja sering terjadi pada tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat rumah sakit. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pembinaan pelaksanaan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) agar terhindar dari kecelakaan kerja. Selain itu ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi resiko penularan penyakit pada saat kerja salah satunya adalah patuh terhadap penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD). Tujuan dari pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh perawat sebagai pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja.
PPM1H is differentially expressed in brain metastases in breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer patients with metastasis to the brain are faced with limited treatment options (1). To facilitate enhanced understanding of the transcriptional makeup of brain metastasis in human breast cancer and to support discovery of novel therapeutic targets, we mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to identify genes whose expression was most markedly different when comparing brain metastases to primary tumors from patients with breast cancer and to the normal breast. We identified the gene encoding the protein phosphatase PPM1H as among the genes whose expression was most significantly different in metastases to the brain as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Increased expression of PPM1H in brain metastases in patients with breast cancer may be important for any number of steps involved in metastasis, including colonization of the brain.
Just file
Authors: Merinawati
Published: November 2020

Kuliah kerja lapang plus (kklp) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk pengabdian pada masyarakat yang di lakukan oleh mahasiswa dalam jangka waktu tertentu oleh karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi di perguruan tinggi pada suatu program strata satu (s1) harus mengikuti kklp.
DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN ADALAH ASPEK PENTING DALAM ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Siregar Rizky Abdau
Published: November 2020

Diagnosa keperawatan merupakan salah satu tahap dari proses keperawatan. Diagnosa keperawatan adalah suatu kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari analisa data, diagnosa keperawatan adalah penilaian klinik mengenai respon individu keluarga, atau komunitas terhadap masalah kesehatan atau proses kehidupan yang aktual atau potesnsial, diagnosa keperawatan memberikan dasar untuk pemilihan intervensi keperawatan untuk mencapai hasil yang merupakan tanggung jawab perawat.
EAPP / EAPA Expert Meeting, 6 to 8 September 2018, Edinburgh
Authors: Mõttus René , Condon David M , Wood Dustin , Back Mitja , Baumert Anna , Costantini Giulio , Epskamp Sacha , Greiff Samuel , Johnson Wendy , Lukaszewski Aaron , Murray Aja Louise , Revelle William , Wright Aidan G.C. , Yarkoni Tal , Ziegler Matthias , Zimmermann Johannes
Published: November 2020

We argue that it is useful to distinguish between three key goals of personality science – description, prediction and explanation – and that attaining them often requires different priorities and methodological approaches. We put forward specific recommendations such as publishing findings with minimum a priori aggregation and exploring the limits of predictive models without being constrained by parsimony and intuitiveness but instead maximising out-of-sample predictive accuracy. We argue that naturally-occurring variance in many decontextualized and multi-determined constructs that interest personality scientists may not have individual causes, at least as this term is generally understood and in ways that are human-interpretable, never mind intervenable. If so, useful explanations are narratives that summarize many pieces of descriptive findings rather than models that target individual cause-effect associations. By meticulously studying specific and contextualized behaviours, thoughts, feelings and goals, however, individual causes of variance may ultimately be identifiable, although such causal explanations will likely be far more complex, phenomenon-specific and person-specific than anticipated thus far. Progress in all three areas – description, prediction, and explanation – requires higher-dimensional models than the currently-dominant “Big Few” and supplementing subjective trait-ratings with alternative sources of information such as informant-reports and behavioural measurements. Developing a new generation of psychometric tools thus provides many immediate research opportunities.
Intuitive Biology Thinking: Comparing Chinese and US Middle Schoolers
Authors: Xu Yian , Coley John
Published: November 2020

Previous literature demonstrated that people spontaneously engage in systematic ways of thinking about biology. However, with most studies focusing on the western population, little is known about the universal nature of these cognitive frameworks. The current study used a construal-based survey to systematically test intuitive biology thinking in China. Overall, Chinese 8th graders demonstrated stronger essentialist thinking, weaker anthropocentric thinking, and similar level of teleological thinking compared to the US counterparts.
Media Multitasking, Online Vigilance and Academic Performance among Students in three Southern African Countries
Authors: le Roux Daniel B. , Parry Douglas , Totolo Angelina , Iyawa Gloria , Holloway Jacques , Prenter Andrew , Botha Liam
Published: November 2020

High levels of Internet-based media use is a defining feature of behaviour among university students. A growing body of evidence indicates, firstly, that their learning activities are characterised by frequent switching between academic content and online media, and, secondly, that this form of behaviour is negatively associated with academic outcomes. It is less clear, however, whether media use and media multitasking in general is associated with academic performance. In the present study we adopted an exploratory frame and a survey-based methodology to investigate this relationship among students from three countries in Southern Africa. In addition to self-reported media use measures, we investigated the predictive capacity of online vigilance on academic performance. Online vigilance is a novel construct which describes individual differences in users' cognitive orientation to online connectedness, their attention to and integration of online-related cues and stimuli, and their prioritisation of online communication. Our findings (n=1445) indicate a weak, negative association between self-reported media use measures and academic performance, as well as online vigilance and academic performance. Combined, media use and online vigilance predict 9% of variance in academic performance for our full sample. However, when considering only Namibian students (n=402), they predict 27% of variance. The study findings raise important questions relating to concerns over the potential impacts of general media use behaviours on academic performance among university students.
Effect of shod walking on plantar pressure with varying uphill gradients
Authors: Sen Suranjana , Bhattacharyya Debojyoti , Chaterjee Subhojit , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Pal Madhusudan
Published: November 2020

Background: Uphill walking is biomechanically stressful. Changes in plantar pressure, is one of the important predictors of this stress and increased risk of foot injuries. It has been reported that civilians as well as different occupational workers have to walk over uphill gradient with footwear which may cause changes in plantar pressure. Till date published data on plantar pressure is not available of Indian population during shod walking with uphill gradients.
Aims and Objective: The present study was aimed to generation of data base on plantar pressure and find out the effect of shod walking (wearing occupational boot) on plantar pressure at different uphill gradients.
Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male participated in this study. Plantar pressure was recorded using the pressure measurement system during walking at 4 km/hr speed on treadmill at level and different uphill gradients.
Results: It was observed that the PP at all the five regions of both right and left foot (Forefoot, Mid-foot, Medial, Lateral, Heel and Overall) increased gradually along with the increase in gradients. There was significant increase of 8.94%, 9.93%, 18.22%, 16.06%, 10.27%, 12.92% respectively at left forefoot, mid-foot, heel, medial, lateral and overall regions at 10% gradient compared to level walking. Similarly, in right foot the increase was observed 8.20%, 10.82%, 14.28%, 13.75%, 8.27%, 10.88% in respective foot regions compared to level walking.
Conclusion: Observations of the present study stated that with increasing gradient plantar pressure at various foot regions increased in both feet in comparison to level walking, maximum plantar pressure observed in heel region in both feet in comparison to other studied regions. This data will be considered as normal planter pressure value of adults at level and uphill gradients shod walking and may be utilized for prognosis of foot disorders and efficacy of treatment modalities of population comparable with studied individuals (for similar age, height and weight).
Effect of respiratory muscle strengthening on rowing performance
Authors: Priyashanthi Perera Angage Dilani , Ariyasinghe Anoja , Kariyawasam Anula
Published: November 2020

Background: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been proposed as a beneficial means of improving respiratory muscle strength (RMS) and respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) in athletes.
Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week specific RMT program on the RMS, RMF and rowing ergometer performance in highly- trained rowers.
Materials and Methods: Twenty professional rowers aged 20-35 years were recruited for the study during the competitive period and randomly grouped into an experimental (n=11) or control (n=9) group. Baseline measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures were obtained with a portable handheld mouth pressure meter while performance was assessed by 2000m and 5000m rowing ergometer machine. Subsequently rowers in the experimental group were prescribed a novel RMT program comprising of specific breathing and abdominal muscle exercises while the control group was prescribed a “general exercise program” for non- respiratory muscles for a 12-week period. RMF was assessed by calculating the difference between the pre-exercise and post-exercise mouth pressures.
Results: Respiratory muscle strength improved overtime in the experimental and the control group following the respective training programs (p<0.05) with the experimental group showing higher RMS and lower RMF. However, there were no statistically significant differences in RMS and RMF between the two groups (P>0.05). More importantly, rowing ergometer performance improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the novel RMT program had a significant effect in improving rowing performance, although the effect on RMS and RMF was not significant.
Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Nepal: A systematic review
Authors: Parajuli Bikash , Acharya Khagendra , Shrestha Dipak
Published: November 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disabling condition. In Nepal the nationwide statistics of incidence and prevalence of SCI is still unclear which demands a systematic examination of crucial epidemiological aspects of SCI. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Clinical studies investigating epidemiology of spinal cord injury were included. A narrative synthesis of the data that comprised 1796 patients was conducted. Males comprised 73%, and the mean age varied from 32 to 47 years. The two leading causes of SCI were falls (60%) and accidents (17%). Most patients had incomplete neurology (AIS grade B, C and D = 42%) followed by AIS A grade (36.3%). Cervical injury (37.4%) was the most common level of injury. Mortality during hospital stay was low (1.98%) whereas after rehabilitation was high (24.32%). The review contributes in understanding epidemiology of SCI in Nepal which is expected to help in planning for prevention and management.
Effect of 24-hrs of sleep deprivation on Central Auditory Processing in young people - A Quasi-Experimental study
Authors: Husamuddin Naziruddin , Teli Shivayogappa S
Published: November 2020

Background: Adequate amount of sleep is the basic need for survival. It is a well-known fact that disturbed sleep, acute or chronic, deteriorates the homeostasis. Sleep deprivation (SD) produces many adverse health consequences by affecting almost all the organ systems and their functions. However, sufficient literature was lacking on the effect of SD on central auditory processing (CAP), especially the temporal resolution component in young individuals.
Aims and Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of 24-hrs of sleep deprivation on the temporal resolution ability of young healthy night-shift employees.
Materials and Methods: It was a Pretest-posttest study design (Quasi-Experimental study) comprising sixty (N=60) healthy security staff. After the initial survey, Tuning fork tests and Pure Tone Audiometry were performed to rule out hearing loss. Temporal resolution was assessed twice (before and after SD) by Random Gap Detection test (RGDT) where a pair of pure tone was presented at different frequencies with ‘intervals of silence’ between each pair of tones and average time interval (in milliseconds) was taken. Data analysis was done by SPSS 24 software.
Results: There was an increase in RGDT values after sleep deprivation 10.70 ± 0.46 (Mean±SD), but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.5172) when compared with baseline values 10.65 ± 0.48 (Mean±SD).
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, we conclude that 24-hours of acute sleep deprivation didn’t show any negative impact on the temporal resolution component of CAP mechanism in young, healthy individuals.
Role of pleural fluid-serum protein carbonyl gradient in differentiating exudative and transudative effusions
Authors: Ghosh Raghumoy , Mukherjee Kheya , Maiti Saumyajit , Bhattacharjee Debojyoti , Chowdhuri Shubho
Published: November 2020

Background: Pleural effusions often cause a diagnostic dilemma. The first step in the evaluation of pleural effusions is the distinction between exudates and transudates.
Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed to distinguish these two broad subgroups of pleural effusions, based on the protein carbonyl gradient between pleural fluid and serum.
Materials and Methods: Forty-four exudative and thirty-six transudative pleural effusion cases based on clinical findings and evaluation by Light’s criteria were selected. Protein carbonyl was measured by established photometric method using dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method in pleural fluid and serum of all the cases.
Results: Oxidative stress, estimated by the protein carbonyl gradient between pleural fluid and serum, was found to be higher in exudates when compared to transudates. No significant difference was existent between exudates of different aetiology. However, the gradient was higher in exudates from males compared to females. No such difference was found among transudates.
Conclusions: Carbonyl stress being a simple easily measurable biochemical parameter, pleural fluid to serum protein carbonyl gradient may serve as a useful tool for differentiating pleural effusions based on pathogenesis.
To study the impact of psychiatry posting on attitude towards psychiatry and estimated likelihood of psychiatry as a career choice in female interns in North India
Authors: Garg Sunny , Chauhan Alka , Singh Mahender , Khan Mariya , Singh Sanjeet , Bansal Kirti
Published: November 2020

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been rising in last few years and emerging as leading cause of disease burden. Psychiatry as a discipline of medicine carry a lot of stigma due to which there is a lack of young medical students or professionals in choosing psychiatry as a career.
Aims and Objectives: To study the impact of psychiatry posting on attitude towards psychiatry and estimation of likelihood of Psychiatry as a career choice in female interns.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study of 112 female interns who met the Inclusion criteria. A written informed consent was obtained from the interns. A selfassessable ATP-30 scale was used to assess the attitude of the interns, this questionnaire was filled by the interns on the first day and after the two weeks of their posting in psychiatry department. The data collected was analysed with the help of SPSS version (21.0) info.
Results: Ninety-eight interns were considered for further analysis because 14 female interns fulfilled the exclusion criteria. More than 95% interns reported to have positive attitude towards psychiatry throughout the posting. Results showed a statistically significant (<0.01) positive attitude towards major areas in psychiatry except only psychiatric hospitals and treatment. Only 33 female interns chose psychiatry as a career choice after the posting of two weeks which is not statistically significant, while around 40% interns denied for it.
Conclusion: Interns showed highly positive attitude towards psychiatry. The positive attitude of interns towards psychiatry would go a long way towards reducing the stigma attached to people with mental illness and mental health professionals.
The scars of COVID19: Preparing for the collateral damages
Authors: Dhar Ruby , Jee Babban , Pethusamy Karthikeyan , Seethy Ashikh , Kumar Arun , Karmakar Subhradip
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 is a pandemic of disproportionate magnitude. Its devastating effect seems to have a more significant impact on the emerging economies like India and the rest of SE Asia, which also has regions harbouring some of the world's highest population density living under poor socio-economic condition. What seems to have originated from one just one province in China, rapidly speard like wildfire across international territories, affecting millions and crippling the health care system. After about eight months into COVID-19, we realized that the fallout is not only humongous but also stretched across multiple avenues of the society and different aspects of our life. The scars of COVID-19 are much more than the virus itself. With a global shutdown in business and financial institutions, the economy is in free fall. Markets plummeted, stocks crashed and unemployment numbers skyrocketed. Apart from the economy, COVID-19 related shutdown has a tremendous impact on the healthcare system for those with preventable ailments, which were either compromised or delayed affecting millions who need hospitalization for non-COVID causes. COVID crisis also seems responsible for the emergence of a new culture system and mindset that was unprecedented before. With schools and other academic institutions closed, online teaching through electronic media and work from home became the new normal. In this editorial, we summarized the collateral damage on society, economy, and human health in the COVID crisis and few suggestions to chalk out a new plan and strategy to address the challenges for a future episode of similar nature. Though we could still remain vulnerable against similar contagious agents, an advanced planning strategy and preparedness will surely help us better in effective damage control and risk mitigation, not only to reduce mortality, but also from  economic downfall.
Inguinal hernia repair – TEP or TAPP?? A comparative analysis between both the laparoscopic procedures in a tertiary care center
Authors: Rab Atia Zaka Ur , Alim Sheikh Saif , Ali Wasif Mohammad , Ali Rizvi Syed Amjad
Published: November 2020

Background: Inguinal hernia surgery is one of the most common elective procedures performed by the surgeons and has evolved from open to the laparoscopic technique.
Aims and Objectives: This prospective study was conducted to find out intra-operative and post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing TEP and TAPP for inguinal hernia repair.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 50 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between November 2017 to November 2018. It was a randomized study and equal number of patients were allocated to TAPP and TEP group based on the surgeon’s preference.
Results: Operative time [p<0.0001], intensity of pain (VAS) was significantly higher in TAPP compared to TEP in the immediate post-operative period (6 hours) and during hospital stay [p=0.0299]. No significant difference observed in VAS between TEP and TAPP during follow up [after 1 week (p=0.2298), 2 weeks (p=0.2337), and 4 weeks (p=0.3944)]. Both TEP and TAPP were comparable in terms of Intra-operative and Post-operative complications {seroma [during hospital stay (p=0.1573), after 1 week (p=0.6375), after 2 weeks (p=0.5513)]; haematoma [during hospital stay (p=0.1492), after 1 week (p=0.3125)]} and Conversion (p=0.3125), and Length of hospital stay (p=0.3960). Time to resume normal work [p<0.0001] was significantly more in TAPP than TEP.
Conclusion: TEP has a definite edge over TAPP taking into consideration the lesser intensity of post-operative pain during hospital stay, shorter duration of surgery and relatively early return to normal work associated with the former procedure. TEP should therefore be regarded as the procedure of choice for inguinal hernia repair.
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review
Authors: Subedi Sudeep , Thapa Bihani , Shrestha Jiban
Published: November 2020

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe. RKN causes reduced growth, quality and yield along with reduced resistance of the host against biotic and abiotic stresses. Infective second stage juvenile enters host roots with the help of the stylet and becomes sedentary getting into the vascular cylinder. Dramatic changes occur in host cells, making a specialized feeding site, induced by the secretion of effector protein by RKN. M. incognita can be controlled by nematicides, biocontrol agents, botanicals essential oils and growing resistant cultivars. Nematicides are no longer allowed to use in many parts of the world because of environmental hazards and toxicity to humans and other organisms. Researchers are concentrating on searching suitable alternatives to nematicides for effective management of M. incognita. This review mainly tries to explain the biology of M. incognita and different management options recommended in recent years. However, an effective and economical management of M. incognita remains an immense challenge.
Technical efficiency of rice production in terai district of Nepal
Authors: Subedi Sanjiv , Ghimire Yuga Nath , Kharel Meena , Adhikari Surya Prasad , Shrestha Jiban , Sapkota Bibek Kiran
Published: November 2020

This paper aimed to estimate the technical efficiency of rice production, also identifying the factors affecting technical efficiency. Jhapa, the Terai district of Nepal, having the highest rice production in the country, was purposely selected for the study. The primary information was collected from 100 rice growing farmers, randomly selected from the sampling frame, using the pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. Also, two Key Informant Surveys were done. Besides, the secondary information was collected by reviewing the related literatures. Descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier model with Cobb-Douglas production function, and tobit model were used for data analysis. The stochastic production frontier model revealed that with the increase in seed, chemical fertilizer, human labor, and tractor power by 1 percent, the rice yield increases by 0.25 (P<0.05), 0.15 (P<0.01), 0.13 (P<0.05) and 0.21 (P<0.01) percent respectively. The average technical efficiency of the rice growing farmers in the study area was estimated 92%; in addition, majority of the farmers (62%) were operating at an efficiency level of 0.91- 0.95 followed by 32% at 0.86- 0.90. The tobit regression model revealed that farming experience (P<0.01), membership of the organization (P<0.01), and major occupation being agriculture (P<0.05) have statistically significant and positive on technical efficiency; while, schooling years (P<0.05) and number of economically active family members (P<0.05) have statistically significant but negative effect. There is still scope to increase the rice yield through efficient use of available resources with existing technologies.
An overview of research on plant based natural dyes in Nepal: scope and challenges
Authors: Bhandari Netra Lal , Pokhrel Basant , Bhandari Upashana , Bhattarai Sulakshana , Devkota Anil , Bhandari Ganesh
Published: November 2020

The worldwide demand of natural dyes is of great interest due to the increased public awareness about the atmospheric and environmental pollution caused by the commercially available synthetic dyes. Nepal being wealthy in flora, would be fine research laboratory land for the plant based natural dyes. Among most of the natural dyes, plant-based dyes/pigments have wide range of applications in fabric, food, drug coloring, therapeutic values and also in solar cells in presence of different mordants. The use of mordant is inevitable during natural dyeing process in order to improve the fastness properties on fabrics, foods and drugs by forming a co-ordination complex with dye. In this article, a short overview of plant based natural dyes extraction applications and their scope and limitations will be discussed with special reference to Nepal. In the present review, the green methods of dye extraction, and dyeing technologies will be discussed, and the research fields based on natural dyes will be explored. Some of the natural dyes has also shown the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal properties and hence are also discussed with biomedical applications.
Growth status, curd yield and crop duration of late season cauliflower varieties
Authors: Giri Hom Nath , Sharma Moha Dutta , Thapa Resham Bahadur , Pande Keshab Raj , Khatri Bhim Bahadur
Published: November 2020

Cauliflower is an important winter season vegetable crop having year-round demand in Nepal. Due to longer crop duration in late winter season, there was a production of poor-quality curds and lower yield faced by the farmers in Terai region of Nepal. An experiment was conducted to identify the short duration late season varieties at Rampur, Chitwan Nepal during November 2016 to March, 2017. These varieties were Freedom, Titan, Ravella, Amazing, Artica, Bishop, Casper, Indam 9803 and NS 106 (introduced from USA, Europe and India), and Snow Mystique and Snowball 16 (introduced from Japan). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The highest plant height (71.9 cm) and canopy diameter (74.5 cm) at last harvest of cauliflower was mostly produced by Titan followed by NS 106, Snow Mystique, Bishop and Indam 9803. Similarly, significantly shorter period for final curd initiation of 65 days after transplanting was observed in Freedom and shorter period for final curd maturation of 77 days after transplanting was also recorded in Freedom than other varieties. Significantly, higher curd yield of 54.8 t/ha was produced by Bishop than other varieties. In conclusion, Bishop was the best hybrid variety while other suitable varieties were NS 106, Titan, Artica and Snow Mystique for better growth and higher curd yield in Chitwan condition. Similarly, Freedom was identified as short duration varieties which can minimize the negative effects in late winter season due to higher temperature.
Credit’s use performance and its determinants on farm household: A case of Chitwan district of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Namdev , Gairhe Samaya , Acharya Yogendra , Ghimire Yuga Nath , Timsina Krishna Prasad , Acharya Ashok
Published: November 2020

Credit has been considered to play a pivotal role in the agricultural development of Nepal. A large number of institutions are involved in the disbursement of credit to agriculture. In this backdrop, the present study has examined the performance of agricultural credit and has identified the determinants of increased use of credit at the farm household level in Nepal. The study was based on survey data consisting of 107 samples collected randomly from the Chitwan district. The study has revealed that the quantum of credit availed by the farming households is affected by several socio-demographic factors which include caste, economically active population, food sufficiency, and membership in an organization. The research revealed that if the household is Brahmin/ Chettri, the probability of borrowing loans decreased by 32% as compared to other castes. Similarly, if the household’s economically active population increased by one unit, the probability of taking a loan increased by 16%. The results also show that, if household food sufficiency increased by one month the probability of taking loans decreased by 4 % but if the household head is a member of an organization, the probability of taking a loan increased by 28%. The congenial environment to increase the involvement of the household head to an organization like cooperative and farmers group, increasing the food self-sufficiency through productivity enhancement program and creating awareness on credit utilization helps to increase credit use performance in Agriculture.
Ovipositional preference of potato tuber moth and its damage to different genotypes of potato in free choice condition
Authors: Aryal Sunil , Simkhada Resona
Published: November 2020

Potato tuber moth is a serious pests of potato which cause qualitative as well as quantitative loss on tubers at stores. Major control mechanism is to use chemical pesticide but this pose great hazard risk to the growers and consumers. Therefore this study evaluated tubers of ten potato genotypes viz. CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164, Khumal Ujjawal, PRP 296667.2, CIP 393385.39, CIP 395112.32, PRP 226567.2, PRP 0165667.6, CIP 393371.159, and Khumal Upahar against potato tuber moths for their ovipositional preferences and damage potential with nine replication in the laboratory. Number of deposited eggs for four days at eye and outside the tubers on skin, number of tunnel and tunnel length was measured. Least percentage of egg laid eye was least in genotype CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164 and variety Khumal Ujjawal respectively. The least number of total eggs laid on eyes was on genotype CIP 394600.52 9 (2.33±1.00) followed by variety Khumal Ujjwal. Although genotype CIP 393385.39 and Khumal Ujjwal was among the most preferred (6.00±2.45) genotype for oviposition, average number of tunnels and average total tunnel length remained very low. Factors such as physical, nutritional, chemical or genetical which may be involved inducing resistance mechanism thus should also be studied and verified.
Comparative assessment of profile storage of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in forest and grassland in Jajarkot, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Mamata , Kafle Gandhiv
Published: November 2020

Understanding distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in soil profile is important for assessing soil fertility and soil carbon dynamics. However, little is known about their distribution in soil depth below 30cm in Nepal. In this context, this research was carried out in 2019 to determine the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) in 0-10 cm, 11-30 cm and 31-60 cm depths of soil profile at forest and grassland in Kotila community forest, Jajarkot, Nepal. Overall field measurement was based on national standard protocols. Three replicates of soil pit from forest and grassland were dug for soil sample collection. Approximately 100 g soil sample from each soil layer was collected and taken to laboratory for SOC analysis. Separate soil samples, one sample from each soil layer were collected with the help of a metal soil corer having volume 245.22cm3 to quantify bulk density. Forest has 25.42 ton/ha SOC stock and 3.28 ton/ha TN stock up to 60 cm soil depth. Likewise, Grassland has 21.19 ton/ha SOC stock and 3.14 ton/ha TN stock up to 60cm soil depth. However, these values are not significantly different at 5 % level of significance. The SOC and TN were decreased with increased soil depths, though not significantly different at 5 % level of significance. The C:N ratio was found higher in forest than grassland. It is concluded that SOC and TN do not vary significantly between forest and grassland. Topsoil contains more SOC, TN, and C:N ratio, so the management practices should focus on maintaining inputs of soil organic matter in the forest and grassland.
Performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with and without straw-mulch at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kalyani , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Singh Reeti , Devkota Yam Narayan
Published: November 2020

The suitability of crop varieties in a particular location determines the productivity of crops. A field experiment was conducted from February to May 2020 at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the growth and productivity of potato varieties with and without mulch. Five potato varieties (Cardinal, Janakdev, Khumal Bikas, MS- 42.3, Panauti Local) were evaluated under straw-mulch and no-mulch conditions. The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results revealed that the highest tuber yield was produced by Janakdev (34.29 t ha-1) followed by Panauti Local (29.52 t ha-1). Similarly, straw-mulch gave higher yield (25.9 t ha-1) as compared with no mulch condition (21.73 t ha-1). The higher tuber yield in the Janakdev and Panauti Local was because of higher tuber weight per hill, higher number and weight of medium size (50 -100 g) and oversize (> 100 g) tuber per hill. Similarly, higher yield in straw mulch was due to higher number and weight of tuber per hill. Higher gross return, net return was observed and the benefit cost ratioin varieties Janakdev (4.08) and Panauti Local (3.53) and rice straw mulch (2.88). Therefore, potato varieties Janakdev and Panauti Local with straw mulch are most suitable for Kathmandu like climate for improving productivity and profitability.
Replacement of concentrate mixture with different levels of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in basal diet on feed intake and production performance of piglets
Authors: Tiwari Megh Raj , Karki Mukesh , Pandey Luma Nidhi , Poudel Nabaraj
Published: November 2020

An experiment was conducted on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari from 12 September to 4 December 2019 for 84 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets after weaning of 4-6 months age were allocated into four treatments each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four type of experimental diets were composed for experimental piglets. Piglets of T1 (control) group were provided adlib concentrate mixture, 95% concentrate feed + 5% water hyacinth (WH) were given to T2 group, 90% concentrate feed + 10 WH were offered to T3 group and piglets of T4 group were fed 85% concentrate feed + 15% WH as per their daily requirement. Feed and water hyacinth intake were recorded daily and body weight gain was measured once a week. Experiment revealed that feed and WH intake was highly significant (p<0.001) among treatment groups. Highest total body weight gain was obtained in control group (T1) (37.66 kg) followed by T3 (34.91 kg) and T2 (34.25 kg) which was non-significant among diet groups. Similarly, highest average daily gain was observed higher for T1 (control) group (448 g /day) followed by T3 and T2 group (415.59 and 407.73 g/day, respectively). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was observed almost similar in all treatment groups (1:2 kg). Experiment suggested that concentrate mixture can be safely replaced with WH up to 15% without any adverse effect on body weight gain.