bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Japan Meteorological Agency observation of the Matsushiro earthquake swarm
Authors: Ichikawa M.
Published: October 2011

On August 3, 1965, seismographs at the Matsuchiro Seismological Observatory recorded several earthquakes whose S‐P times are shorter than 1 second. The number of earthquakes having approximately the same S‐P times has increased day after day, and more than 6,000 felt and unfelt events a day were observed at the observatory at the most active period of the earthquake swarm. The number of felt and unfelt earthquakes amounted to 690,000 up to the present.

In the earlier stage of the swarm, the events occurred in a very narrow and nearly circular area whose center is located at Mt. Minakami. After September 1966, the earthquake area expanded toward both the northeast and southwest directions.
New methods of studying regional seismicity and surface faulting
Authors: Slemmons David B.
Published: October 2011

Description of Method. This study outlines the application of special aerial photography using low angle sun illumination for the study of surface faulting. This method is useful in determining both long‐term regional seismicity and rate and nature of faulting for a given area. This technique is not completely new since many textbooks accentuate fault scarps by shadow effects, but our new modification is to select optimal sun illumination conditions for each fault by photographing at the ideal time of the year and time of day to enhance their presence and characteristic features.
Thermoluminescence of deformed limestone
Authors: Herrin E.
Published: October 2011

Summary not available.
Mechanical instabilities observed in laboratory experiments on rocks
Authors: Brace W. F. , Byerlee J. D.
Published: October 2011

At a mechanical instability in our usage, the stress drops suddenly and an elastic shock is produced. Instabilities on two very different scales are observed in the laboratory: those that are clearly audible and involve a stress drop of about 10 bars or more, and those of the sort studied by Mogi, Scholz, Byerlee, and others, which can only be detected with considerable amplification. The latter type are termed microfracturing events or microshocks. Earthquake‐oriented studies in our laboratory are based on the assumption that in the earth significant earthquakes result from the first of these instabilities. This assumption may not be valid and needs study.
Mechanism of the May 21–22, 1960, Chilean Earthquakes as derived from residual vertical displacements
Authors: Plafker George , Savage J. C.
Published: October 2011

The great earthquakes of 21–22 May, 19 in west‐central Chile were accompanied tectonic displacements and intense, predominantly shallow (h≤70 km), aftershock activity. They affected a region more than 2 km wide and about 1000 km long that along the continental margin between 37° 46° S latitude. Studies of shorelines levelling data in this region indicate that vertical deformation involved a broad downwarp and two flanking upwarps. The structures lie roughly between and parallel the Peru‐Chile Trench and Andeanchain. Vertical tectonic displacements to sea level resulted in: (1) uplift of at least 5 m on offshore islands, at some points along mainland coast, and on at least part of contiguous continental shelf; (2) subsidence as much as 2.7 m in a zone 75–110 km that extends eastward from the vicinity of outer coast almost to the western margin of borders the downwarp on the east.
Systems possibilities for an early GARP experiment
Authors: Ruttenberg Stanley
Published: October 2011

COSPAR Working Group 6 (Application of Space Experiments to Meteorology; Morris Tepper, Chairman) completed a special report on ‘Systems Possibilities for an Early GARP Experiment.’ The report was requested by the ICSUWMO Joint Organizing Committee for GARP (JOC) and presented to the committee at their recent meeting in Princeton, New Jersey.

Twenty‐four technical experts from seven countries (France, USA, USSR Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Japan, United Kingdom), WMO and JOC met in London in October 1968 to review the development status and applicability to GARP of various observing techniques and to decide what techniques could be combined in the mid‐1970's to provide observational capability for a large‐scale but not necessarily complete GARP experiment.
Man‐made auroral rays
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A small electron accelerator was launched from Wallops Island, Virginia, on January 16, 1969, in a successful feasibility test of the concept of mapping the geomagnetic field by using a man‐made electron beam to produce field‐aligned auroral rays. An Aerobee 350 rocket carried to an altitude of 269 km a payload containing the accelerator, a retarding potential analyzer (to determine payload electric potential with respect to the ambient plasma), an inflation‐deployed electron collection screen 26 meters in diameter, an attitude‐control system, and telemetry and control systems. The accelerator was used to direct pulses of electrons down the local magnetic field. Each pulse sequence consisted of nineteen 100‐msec pulses with power levels ranging from 9.6 watts to 2.40 kilowatts, plus two 1‐second pulses (‘signature pulses’) with a power level of 4.26 kw (490 ma at 8.7 lev); the pulse spacing was approximately 2.7 seconds. This sequence was repeated three times.
New hydrographic surveying method
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An air cushion vehicle carrying a retractable strut‐mounted depth sensing system was successful in initial trials on Lake Erie in December. Engineers and designers of the Hydrographic Section of the Polar Continental Shelf Project worked on the new NRC fixed strut system. The National Research Council of Canada will begin charting on the Beafort Sea over the next three years with the aid of the improved equipment. The new system has several features that will enable sounding to be taken with greater accuracy and speed.
Forum
Authors: Cummings W. D.
Published: October 2011

Effective fall 1969 I will become Chairman of the Department of Physics at Grambling College, a four‐year liberal arts college located in northern Louisiana. Enrollment is approximately 4000; the student body is predominantly Negro.

A concerted effort is being made at Grambling to develop a science curriculum consonant with the demands of our technological age. An intensive recruitment program is being launched throughout Louisiana to identify students offering good potential for such a curriculum. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible for even the most gifted of these students to attend college without scholarship funds to cover living expenses as well as tuition. The cost of room, board, and tuition for a Louisiana resident is $860 per academic year, or a total of $3440 for a four‐year scholarship.
Fundamental problems of the solar system
Authors: Cameron A. G. W.
Published: October 2011

During the last few years the space program has inspired a great deal of new research on the properties of various objects in the solar system. This new work has consisted only in part of investigations made with spacecraft of various kinds. Much of the work has also been done from the ground, but it has been inspired partly because of the availability of new techniques resulting from new technology and partly as a result of a new depth of understanding of many solar system objects that has arisen from research with space probes.

Like many other people during the last three centuries, I have from time to time published my own speculations concerning the origin and development of the solar system. I do not wish to discuss such speculations here, but what I have to say will be very much influenced by a concern for this problem. The new studies that are being made of solar system physics and chemistry provide many new boundary conditions that must be satisfied by any successful theory of the origin of the solar system. The items I wish to discuss seem to me particularly relevant to the establishment of new boundary conditions.
Weather bureau to open air pollution forecasting stations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Weather Bureau will inaugurate special programs at stations in St. Louis, Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C , in support of air pollution control agencies. The new stations will release two slow‐rising radiosondes daily, and the information gathered will be interpreted by specially trained air pollution meteorologists and transmitted to air pollution control agencies.
Master of Marine Affairs Degree
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A growing need for administrators and decision‐makers to assist scientists in harvesting the world's ocean resources has led to the creation of a master of marine affairs degree at the University of Rhode Island. Lewis M. Alexander, supervisor of the new program, explained, ‘We want to bridge the gap between scientists and engineers working in the marine environment and management people who must administer programs and projects in these highly specialized areas.’ The master of marine affairs degree will be awarded on the basis of 30 hours of work, part of which will involve a multidisciplinary seminar taught by professors with training in such areas as oceanography, marine economics, geography, ocean engineering and political science; individual core courses would also be required in those areas.
Ocean exploration: An allegory
Authors: Wooster Warren S.
Published: October 2011

A spacecraft hurtles through the cosmos. For a brief period the craft has been manned, but the travelers have no control over its course, speed, or destination. During the endless flight, they depend on the supplies already on board or those that can be produced there. To endure the voyage, their house must be kept in order.

For awhile the travelers were few, supplies seemed unlimited, and there were numerous corners into which the refuse could be swept. But the crew increased in number more and more rapidly. Distribution of supplies became unsatisfactory, and the suspicion arose that the quantity might be inadequate. In a sense, the craft seemed to be getting smaller. Even the corners were filling up.
ESSA Meteorological Study
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A six‐week study of severe storms was conducted this spring by the Department of Commerce's Environmental Science Services Administration. Based at the National Severe Storms Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma, the program emphasized collection of urban data and studies of new radar instrumentation. This research is expected to contribute to an understanding of storm origins and to aid in the development of more efficient short‐term weather predictions for airports. Air Force, Army, and NASA teams, and aircraft from the Canadian National Research Council participated in the observation program.
International Symposium on Hydrometry
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An International Symposium on hydrometry will be held in Koblenz, West Germany during September 1970. Sponsored by Unesco, the World Meteorological Organization, the International Association of Scientific Hydrology, and the Federal Republic of Germany, the symposium will include the following topics: measurement of water stages, discharge, depth, water temperature, and sediment; radiohydrometry; remote sensing; and recording and telemetry of measured data.
Oceanographic‐meteorological research in Barbados
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Seven government agencies, twenty universities, and seven industrial laboratories are participating in the three‐month Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX). The project is basically a study of the interactions between sea and air and includes emphasis on small‐scale weather phenomena. BOMEX scientists are using cosmicray induced Beryllium‐7 as tracer in their study of the mixing of the atmosphere and upper layers of the ocean. Data from an instrument cluster on the Floating Laboratory Instrument Platform indicate a previously unrecorded relationship between temperature and humidity in small atmospheric fronts.
Symposium on meteorites and extraterrestrial matter
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Geochemistry Group, will hold a symposium on ‘The Chemistry and Mineralogy of Meteorites and Extraterrestrial Matter,’ in London, April 6–8, 1970, at the British Museum, South Kensington. Jointly sponsored with the Meteoritical Society and the International Association for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, the meeting's principal topics will be cosmic abundances and isotopic anomalies, cosmic dust, meteorite ages, lunar data, and miscellaneous topics.
U.S. National Gravity Base Net
Authors: Schwimmer Phillip M. , Rice Donald A.
Published: October 2011

A U.S. National Gravity Base Net, to be published soon by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, was established on the mainland of the United States in 1966–1967 through the cooperative efforts of the U.S. Air Force 1st Geodetic Survey Squadron, U.S. Army Topographic Command (USATOPOCOM), the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the University of Hawaii, and the Ohio State University. The net consists of bases located in 59 cities throughout the conterminous United States. Survey operations were divided into two phases. Phase I consisted of measurements made in ladder sequence (ABCDEEDCBA) between major airports in 59 cities with four small geodetic model LaCoste‐Romberg gravimeters (43, 47, 48, and 93). In phase II one‐way measurements were made between cities, and excenter bases in and around each city were tied to the primary airport base in that city. LaCoste‐Romberg gravimeters 43, 47, 93, and 115 were used in phase II.
Gravity studies on Montana, Wyoming, and Washington
Authors: Bonini William E.
Published: October 2011

Since the previous report [Bonini, 1965] the Princeton gravity program has been directed mostly toward detailed studies to aid in the solution of specific geologic problems. Some stations have been observed, however, purely to fill in blank areas as a contribution to the preparation of state maps. Worden meter W‐57 was used before 1966 and LaCoste‐Romberg instruments were used in 1966 and later.

Figure 1 identifies by numbers the areas covered by specific projects, summarized below, for which some preliminary unpublished interpretations are presented. Area 1 covers the Teton Range and Jackson Hole, Wyoming, where Princeton gravity data have been incorporated with additional gravity, seismic‐refraction, and aeromagnetic data into a comprehensive report [Behrendt et al., 1968]. Similarly, the gravity map and interpretation of area 2, the Boulder batholith of Montana, have been published [Biehler and Bonini, 1969].
Gravity surveys in California—recent progress by the California Division of Mines and Geology
Authors: Chapman Roger H.
Published: October 2011

Since the AGU gravity symposium in 1963, the California Division of Mines and Geology has continued an active program of gravity measurements within the state. This program includes the establishment of a statewide gravity base station network; the compilation of a series of gravity maps that will eventually cover the entire state; and local studies related to the search for particular mineral commodities, the location of hidden faults, and other geologic problems.

The first important accomplishment of the Division of Mines and Geology gravity program was the completion and publication of a statewide gravity base station network [Chapman, 1966]. This base network was established primarily to provide control for compilation of data for the gravity map series. An attempt was made to obtain values of observed gravity with a relative accuracy of approximately ±0.1 mgal, but there was some uncertainty in the calibration of the meter used. Recently, a few California base stations were occupied by the U.S. Air Force as a part of the U.S. national base station network (Schwimmer and Rice, page 527). Although the California network was based on the Woollard datum [Woollard and Rose, 1963], and the Air Force used a somewhat different base, values for the common stations can be easily compared. A comparison of nine common stations in the two networks over a range of more than 600 mgal suggests a calibration difference of no more than about 1 part in 10,000. On the other hand, recent redeterminations of the U.S. Geological Survey calibration ranges in California suggest that a correction factor of as much as 3 or 4 parts per 10,000 might be necessary for the California network stations. Future work should resolve this problem more satisfactorily.
The gravity program of the University of Washington
Authors: Christensen Nikolas I. , Bostrom Robert C. , Crosson Robert S.
Published: October 2011

During the past two years members of the solid‐earth geophysics group within the Geology Department at the University of Washington have initiated several projects that involve observations of the earth's gravity field in western Washington. In excess of 400 stations have been established with a LaCoste geodetic meter. The surveys have been primarily designed to provide an increased understanding of the crustal structure and tectonics of western Washington. Most of the field work has been completed and analysis of the data is underway.
ORNL continues studies of agro‐industrial complexes
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Oak Ridge National Laboratory is continuing its study for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission of the potential of nuclear‐powered agricultural and industrial centers. The AEC of India has completed a very favorable first preliminary study and with ORNL assistance is moving into engineering studies. Another version of the concept is being studied jointly by the USAEC and the Puerto Rican Water and Power Authority. Of particular interest is a larger study undertaken by ORNL for the Middle East under AEC and AID sponsorship.
The U.S./IHD program: The half‐way mark
Authors: Heindl L. A.
Published: October 2011

The Mid‐Decade Conference, which will be held in Paris December 8–16, 1969, will bring together in plenary sessions representatives of the 105 nations participating in the International Hydrological Decade. The purpose of the Mid‐Decade Conference is three‐fold: to review the work accomplished during the first half of the Decade; to prepare proposals for future work during the Decade and to suggest possible changes in direction in the program; and to exchange views on the long‐term plan of action in the field of international hydrology. It is appropriate at this time to review the U.S. program of participation in the Decade and to take a look at what should be the scope of Decade activity in the United States during the Decade's remaining five years.

In general, on‐going programs in the United States have been sources of new ideas and much information that are applicable to the objectives of the Decade. However, the U.S./IHD program of new or accelerated efforts has been able to accomplish only a small part of what it had originally hoped to do. But what it has accomplished has been useful in maintaining contact and continuity with the international activities of the Decade program and in providing leadership and participation in specific domestic activities. Before summarizing accomplishments of the U.S./IHD program it is useful to highlight the objectives and mechanics of the International Hydrological Decade.
Decade representative and experimental research basins in the United States
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Work Group on Representative and Experimental Basins has completed assembling the 1968 inventory of Decade Research Basins. The new catalog of basins, which updates the 1965 inventory made by AGU, contains information about research in 60 study basins located in 22 states from New England to California. The catalog includes a map of each basin and shows locations of instruments for hydrologic observations.
International Post‐graduate Course in General and Applied Hydrology (Madrid)
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An International Post‐Graduate Course in General and Applied Hydrology, sponsored by Unesco and by Spain's General Directorate of Hydraulic Works will be held in Madrid, from January 15 to June 30, 1970. Practical exercises and field work will complement the theoretical studies.
Copyright
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

Users of AGU periodicals are probably aware of the fact that the Union copyrights its publications. Copyright serves a dual purpose in AGU journals; first, to prevent misuse of the material in the journal through the regulation of its use and form; and second, to protect the financial interests of the publishing operation. Since January 1969 the insertion of a copyright notice on the first page of each article has called this fact to the attention of most readers. There were a number of reasons for instituting this procedure, among them to ensure that the copyright is protected when reprints are distributed, and to alert ‘xerographers’ to the fact that there is some question about the propriety of their actions.
Soviet geomagnetism, aeronomy and solar‐terrestrial physics
Authors: Akasofu S.‐I. , Wilcox John M.
Published: October 2011

During December 1968, each of us made separate visits to a number of Soviet institutes and laboratories engaged in space‐physics research. Akasofu visited the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation of the Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) in Moscow; the Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere and the Institute of Physics of the Earth, both of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow; as well as the Moscow State University, and the Leningrad State University in Leningrad. Wilcox visited the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and Pulkovo Observatory. In Moscow he visited IZMIRAN, the Lebedev Institute, and the Astronomical Council of the Academy of Sciences.
Airborne water sampling
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The All American Engineering Company reports that the recent flooding of the James River near Richmond, Virginia, was the occasion for the first successful commercial application of airborne water sampling techniques. Sampling bottles were lowered into the river from a fixed‐wing aircraft, enabling the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to obtain information on possible contamination of the flooded river.
Forum
Authors: Schneider Otto , Valencio Daniel A.
Published: October 2011

We were glad to gather from the July 1969 issue of EOS (page 478), that our Mexican Colleagues have established a full graduate program in geophysics at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and we feel that they are certainly to be congratulated for this initiative.

We believe, however, that the readers of EOS may be interested in learning that contrary to what is stated in your note, this is not the first graduate course in geophysics in Latin America. In fact, a regular graduate course in geophysics has been existing in this country at the Instituto Superior del Observatorio Astronómico (which is part of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata), since May 1948. This is one of the two branches of studies at the Observatorio de La Plata, the other being astronomy. Graduates receive the title of ‘Geophysicist,’ which is the equivalent to Licenciado, after five years of training in mathematics, physics, and the main subjects of geophysics, including gravity and tides, seismology, geomagnetism, meteorology, and exploration geophysics.
The President's Page: It's your Union too
Authors: Landsberg H. E.
Published: October 2011

A scientific society like AGU, by its statutes, is a democratic organization. Its purpose is to serve the members, and in pursuit of this endeavor it is to be ruled by these members. The coming election of new officers prompts a few remarks in this connection. Members are generally rather apathetic toward this important privilege of their membership. Usually only a minority vote.
International Symposium on Earth Tides
Authors: Zetler Bernard D.
Published: October 2011

The Sixth International Symposium on Earth Tides was held in France at the University of Strasbourg, September 15–20, 1969. It was organized by the Permanent Commission on Earth Tides, International Association of Geodesy, IUGG.

Although many aspects of the meetings were comparable to previous earth tide symposia in that the papers again dealt primarily with instrumentation and data analysis, there was a greater degree of open‐mindedness and willingness to discuss new procedures that added considerably to the value of the meetings.
United States‐USSR Scientist Exchange
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In an exchange arranged through the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, David Miller worked from July to September 1969 in the USSR Akademiia Nauk, Institut Geografii, on problems of water and heat budgets at the earth's surface. Primarily he was associated with IU. L. Rauner and other investigators of forest budgets, but also visited other centers of research on the budgets of specific landscape types, such as those on mountain, desert, and irrigated sites at the Sredne‐Aziatskii Gidrometeorologicheskii Institute in Tashkent (B.A. Aizenshtat). The excellent data being amassed on the budgets of common ecosystems and landscape types serve not only immediate questions of irrigation, but also provide a firm base for regional‐scale budgets, such as those studied at the Voeikov Geophysical Observatory (M. I. Budyko, Director), in Leningrad. Another base for these regional budgets is the material from network observations of such fluxes and parameters as diffuse radiation, albedo, the radiant‐energy surplus, gradients of atmospheric temperature and moisture, and soil temperature and moisture, which represent a data reservoir that U.S. investigators of regional budgets do not have.
Teaching of snow and ice hydrology in the United States
Authors: Heindl L. A.
Published: October 2011

Only five courses in snow and ice hydrology are taught on the North American continent. These courses are offered at the University of Arizona, Colorado State, and Utah State universities in the United States, and at the University of Guelph and New Brunswick in Canada.

Various other aspects of snow and ice are discussed in: 21 courses in glaciology or glacial geology at 14 universities; 3 courses in snow and ice physics at 2 universities; in 1 course in glacial climatology, snow and avalanches, permafrost, and snowpack management.
Reports on meetings: Symposium on the Hydrology of Deltas, Bucharest, Romania, May 6”14, 1969
Authors: Mifflin Martin D.
Published: October 2011

This symposium was organized by Unesco with the collaboration of the Romanian government and the support of IASH. The printed program included 41 papers‐6 from the U.S., 7 from USSR, 14 from Romania, 2 from India, and one each from England, Canada, Belgium, Poland, Italy, and the Netherlands. U.S. papers are listed below.
IASH Commission of Snow and Ice Meeting: Paris, France, September 3”5, 1969
Authors: Meier Mark F.
Published: October 2011

The IASH Commission of Snow and Ice met jointly with the Working Group on Glaciology of the Special Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).

Five technical guides have been prepared by the Commission of Snow and Ice for major IHD projects and have been in press at Unesco for more than a year and a half. They should be published by December 1969. A sixth guide, on Sea, Lake and River Ice, was approved for publication, and two other guides (Avalanche Classification and Part 2 of Combined Heat, Ice, and Water Balances) have been distributed in first or second draft form. They should be ready for approval by the next meeting of the officers of the Commission. Even though these guides have not yet been officially published, they have served as instruction and coordination media for a large number of glacier and seasonal snow cover projects in many nations during the first part of the International Hydrological Decade.
Professional communication
Authors: McTaggart‐Cowan P. D.
Published: October 2011

Michael Church's contribution to ‘Forum’ in the October issue of EOS is another in a long series of sincere requests on the part of scholars for some courage in the professional and learned societies to break the bonds that are binding us in our information system.

I would like to see the AGU break these bonds soon by doing precisely what Michael Church suggests: insist that each author submitting a paper for publication submits an abstract of the contents and conclusions that conforms to a fairly rigid specification to be laid down by the editor. These abstracts would then be published in a reunited JGR along with one or two articles or papers selected because of their merit that would appear in full length. I differ from Michael Church in my suggestion that the abstracts be printed in a reunited JGR because I think EOS has a special role to play, which it is doing very well, and should not be expected to participate in this particular venture.
Research and the university
Authors: De Bremaecker J.‐Cl.
Published: October 2011

In the September 1969 issue of EOS, A.J. Dessler argued that the federal government should fund any research program to be used for graduate education depending on the number of able graduate students wishing to enter this field. This is a highly unbalanced position; it is untenable for two main reasons: 1) Many prospective graduate students are undecided as to their exact orientation. If, for instance, they are physicists, some may turn to oceanography, interplanetary physics, or solid‐state geophysics not because of an inward motivation, but because of external circumstances. Thus, even if Dessler's funding criterion were valid, its application would be somewhat restricted. One can plausibly argue that there is no simpler way to orient these students than by a funding geared to the national priorities. Incidentally, Dessler's funding criterion has not been used much recently; the N.S.F., for example, allocates determined amounts of research funds and a determined number of fellowships to different fields of science. 2) In many fields, research programs have become very expensive. The government is under no evident obligation to spend funds for more graduate programs in these fields, even if they are all excellent. (How many 80 inch telescopes and linear accelerators should we build?)
The President's Page: A century of U.S. Weather Services
Authors: Landsberg Helmut E.
Published: October 2011

On February 9, 1970, the government weather services in the United States celebrated their one hundredth anniversary. A century ago President Grant signed a joint resolution of Congress authorizing telegraphic collection of weather messages and the issuing of storm warnings.

As has often been the case, this legislation was born as a result of disasters. Storm catastrophes had caused great shipping losses on the Great Lakes and in coastal waters. The Signal Service of the Army, in control of the best communication network in the country, was given this new responsibilty. Over two decades earlier Joseph Henry, the erudite first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution had tried to inaugurate a weather service. But the gentle scientist to whom acquisition of knowledge was more important than service did not convince Congress to spend public funds for such purpose. Thus General Albert Myer, a persuasive M.D., became the organizer of a synoptic service. He had at his side very talented civilian help, especially Cleveland Abbe who, with Increase Lapham, was the godfather of the meteorological service. Distinguished members of the then young National Academy of Sciences took a major interest in meteorology. Best known among them was William Ferrel, the first to create a sound theory of atmospheric motions.
A Long‐Range Program of Solid Earth Studies
Authors: Drake Charles L.
Published: October 2011

This article is part of a report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Long‐Range Program of Solid Earth Studies prepared at the request of IUGG/IUGS to provide a starting point or basic framework for coordinated future efforts in geology and solid earth geophysics. It was intended for internal use by IUGG and IUGS as a planning document, and as such it assumes familiarity with the subject matter and with the basic problems in earth science. It also draws heavily upon the administrative experience and the scientific results gained during the Upper Mantle Project. Committee Members included B. Baker, C. Drake (Chairman), X. Le Pichon, E. Lubimova, D. McKenzie, E. Niggli, and T. Rikitake.

Members of the Committee served as individuals rather than as representatives of organizations or countries. The document contains a basic program agreed to by all the Committee members, and members who had additional comments were asked to submit covering letters containing these. The letters have not been published, but the main thrust of the comments was that regional studies and regional cooperative programs in areas of special significance should not be neglected in a program oriented toward global problems.
Antarctic projects
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

University of Wisconsin scientists are undertaking two projects in Antarctica this year. The first project directed by Charles R. Bently, involves an effort to learn better the seismic wave velocities for the glacier ice under the pressure and temperature conditions prevailing at depth, in order to remove some of the uncertainties involved in the reduction of data obtained by seismic methods. A wave generator will be lowered into a 7100‐foot‐deep hole by Byrd Station, and measurements will be taken of both compressional and shear waves at many depths. Seismic measurements within and near the hole are also expected to yield new information on the nature of the ice in terms of the structure and distribution of the ice crystals.
Graduate Program at Woods Hole
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The new graduate program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has received support in the form of two personal gifts totaling $13 million, the first $8 million donated by J. Seward Johnson, the second of $5 million by Mr. and Mrs. W. Van Alan Clark. Both Clark and Johnson are members of the corporation of W. H. O. I. and have been long time supporters of the institution. Johnson has made many contributions in the past, including a variety of projects ranging from the design of a small research vessel that could be utilized by students to direct support of the students themselves. The Clarks were among the first major contributors to provide support for the new education program when it was announced in 1968.
Buoy tracking with a satellite
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The propeller of an unknown ship apparently severed the cable anchoring a buoy containing the Interrogating, Recording, and Locating System (IRLS)—an instrument package capable of measuring and recording oceanographic data and then transmitting this information along with geographic position data to the interrogating, polar‐orbiting NIMBUS satellite. This accident produced an unexpected opportunity to experiment with the use of the satellite to track a drifting buoy. The buoy wandered unseen for 18 days on a two‐hundred mile trip through Puerto Rican Coastal waters. It was originally implanted to test the idea of using the satellite first to determine the position of the instrument system and then to collect data from the measuring and recording devices installed on the array while anchored in relatively calm waters.
New mining exploration system
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Barringer Research, Inc., reports the use of a new exploration system which is being flown across potential mining areas in the Pacific. The system, called ‘Radiophase’ uses broadcast radio signals in the VLF band—15 to 30 KHz and measures the slight effects that subsurface structures have on the propagation characteristics of these signals. The effects are in proportion to the structure's conductivity and, hence, their possible sulphide content.
AGU expands grant program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A small grant from the Asia Foundation now allows the American Geophysical Union to expand its grant program to include awards up to a maximum of $200 to assist in graduate research or thesis work of Asian students and scholars who have definite commitments to return to their home countries upon completion of their studies in the United States. The fund will also allow travel support of up to $100 to similar students to attend national or regional meetings of the AGU.
National Fall Meeting
Authors: Williams Owen W.
Published: October 2011

In an effort to alleviate the participant‐number‐of‐presentations problem, I offer this recommendation: A nonmember should be allowed to make one presentation to the AGU. If he wants to continue to use the AGU as a forum for his work he should be willing to become a member. I ran into several instances where men who had regularly presented papers at recent meetings still aren't members. This should be stopped. As a matter of fact the majority of presentors at the Geodesy Section meetings were nonmembers.
Magnetic storms and the aurorae
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

‘A Theory of Magnetic Storms and of the Aurorae,’ by Hannes Alfvén, was first published in the Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences approximately thirty years ago. This work contains ideas that have influenced much of contemporary magnetospheric theory and, as such, makes interesting reading today. Portions of it are reprinted here with marginal annotations by A. J. Dessler (National Aeronautics and Space Council, Executive Office of the President) and John M. Wilcox (Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley).

In spite of this passage of time (which is long compared to the normal three‐year lifetime of a typical good research paper), this paper has retained a tone that fits well into present day research on plasma motions within the magnetosphere. The contemporary tone of this paper is all the more remarkable if it is compared with the work published during this same time period by others. Alfvén was the inventor of magnetohydrodynamics (hydromagnetism), he discovered the guiding‐center approximation for determining the gross motion of charged particles trapped in a magnetic field, and he was the first to introduce the concept of electric‐field drift for plasma in the geomagnetic field. He also introduced the concept of a partial ring current formed from trapped radiation. All of the above ideas, except hydromagnetism, are used in the excerpts reprinted below. It would be nearly 20 years before these ideas would be widely used by others.
Expansion of tsunami network
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey is expanding the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific by the addition of 14 seismic observatories and tide stations and by the installation of new instrumentation at various sites in the network. The system furnishes warnings to 14 countries and territories in the Pacific Basin.

Participation of six seismic observatories at Wellington, New Zealand; Port Moresby, New Guinea; Suva, Fiji Islands; Tacubaya, Mexico; Antofagasta, Chile; and Easter Island is expected to expedite the determination in certain areas of earthquake epicenters and to provide a greater degree of accuracy.
Highlights of the Council Meeting December 14, 1969
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The second 1969 meeting of the AGU Council was held prior to the National Fall Meeting at the Jack Tar Hotel in San Francisco, California, on December 14. A number of items were discussed at this meeting that will have a far‐reaching effect on the direction of the Union in the coming years.

International Affairs. The Secretary for International Participation, Thomas F. Malone, gave an extended report on international developments. It was reported that L. Constantinescu of Rumania was named Vice President of the IUGG succeeding H. Kuno, who died last spring. There was brief discussion of a number of proposals for reorganization and realignment of the geophysical activities within ICSU, and the Council resolved to establish an AGU committee to study and report on the structure of IUGG and related unions and committees in order that the U.S. National Committee can have an informed position on this matter.
Postdeadline abstract
Authors: Physicist G. O.
Published: October 2011

An Author Produced Program. The deadline for submitting abstracts of papers to be presented at AGU meetings was for many years about three months before the meeting date. Authors are now asked to submit abstracts in good form for reproduction by photo‐offset, thus reducing the time allotted for publishing procedures to 84 days for the present meeting. Since January has 31 days, February has 28 days, and March has 31 days, a simple calculation shows that a full 6 days have been saved thus allowing a much more up‐to‐date abstract. In truth, the author plans to spend the time on the ski slopes acquiring a tan—evidence for which will be presented.
Summer Program at MIT
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A special summer program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Formulation and Solution of Problems in Water Resources Planning: Engineering Case Studies Illustrating New Techniques, will be held from August 31 through September 4, 1970. This special summer program will use the case study approach to explore the systematic formulation and solution of several real problems in water resources planning and management. The problems, concerning community water supply, flood control, water quality, regional water use, and project evaluation have been chosen for their illustration of decision‐making in the face of multiple objectives, many alternatives and chance. The program is designed to provide the project leader with an awareness of the power of new analytical methods in application to large‐scale water problems.
Reaction to directory
Authors: Harris Franklin S.
Published: October 2011

I just received my copy of the January issue with the Directory of Members of AGU. After thumbing it I sat down to write, protesting my exclusion. Then I found my name in the geographical part—California, Los Angeles. Then I went to the 1967 Directory and then back to the new one. I found that you have given me and others new surnames, in my case ‘Harris Jr.,’ and have not listed me and others in the regular place as their proper surnames require. The name of my family is ‘Harris’ and has been so used in records for fourteen generations. None of us have taken legal action, least of all myself, to change it. My work and name are properly listed under ‘Harris’ in domestic and foreign literature and bibliographies, as also in American Men of Science. The proper method of listing names when arranged in alphabetical order is ‘Jones, W. J., Jr.’
Symposium on Indian Ocean and adjacent seas
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Marine Biological Association of India has announced The Symposium on Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas—Their Origin, Science, and Resources, which is to be the fifth in its symposium series and is scheduled to be held at Cochin, India, from January 12 to January 18, 1971. Persons interested in contributing to this conference should contact The General Convener, Symposium on Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas, Jyothi Buildings, Gopala Prabhu Road, Ernakulam, Cochin‐11, India, before August, 1970. Abstracts of papers are to reach the General Convener by September 15, 1970, and the typescript of the full paper will be due on November 15, 1970.
University of Calgary Summer Institute
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A four‐day Summer Institute on Solar‐Terrestrial Relationships will be held at the University of Calgary June 2–5, 1970. The program will include sixteen coordinated lectures in the area of Solar Physics, Interplanetary Medium, Radiation Belts, and Auroral Physics. The speakers will be: W. Ian Axford, University of California, La Jolla; T. Neil Davis, Geophysical Institute, College, Alaska; C. DeJager, University of Utrecht, Netherlands; and James A. Van Allen, University of Iowa, Iowa City. The Chairman is D. Venkatesan; Secretary, C. J. Bland.
Limnological data series continued
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Volumes 5 through 9 of the limnological data handbooks on Lakes Ontario and Erie published by the Canada Centre for Inland Waters are now available. A description of the publications appeared in the January 1970 IHD Bulletin.
Books
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This technical guide to hydrological practice, produced by Unesco, is an unusually complete and well‐written compilation of basic techniques in both field measurements and their interpretation. It should prove to be a most useful book, especially in the less‐developed countries, for technician training, as an introductory text, or as a reference.

The Editors, V. A. Ouryvaev of the USSR State Hydrological Institute, and C. Toebes of the New Zealand Ministry of Works Soil and Water Division, have produced a truly international and comprehensive work, with the aid of 50 contributors. Their text is clear and easily understood, even by one not versed in hydrology.
Correction [to International Field Year for the Great Lakes]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The shading on the figure below was obscured by the printer and appeared in the January issue of the IHD Bulletin ('International Field Year for the Great Lakes') as a solid mass of black ink. The figure appears here with the legend as it should have appeared in January on page 32.
Scientists and the environmental challenge
Authors: Hart Stanley R.
Published: October 2011

Earth Day at the AGU Annual Meeting was marked by a symposium and panel discussion on the ‘Environmental Challenge,’ and the organizers and participants are to be commended for their efforts toward enlarging the horizons of knowledge and concern among earth scientists. However, while the invited papers drew a moderate audience, even the presence of beer and lunch was insufficient to attract more than some 125 people to the panel discussion—a poor turnout indeed for a group of scientists who potentially have so much to offer to our ecological crisis. Probably AGU should have done a better job of advertising, not only among the scientists but among the general population as well. One of the panel participants noted that scientists have a critical contribution to make to the environmental problem in terms of the dispersal of scientific and technological information to the general public.
US‐Japan Science Program: United States‐Japan Cooperative Science Program Fourth Seminar on Paleomagnetism Honolulu, Hawaii, February 2”6, 1970
Authors: Doell Richard R.
Published: October 2011

Geophysicists and geologists from Japan and the United States met in Honolulu, February 2 through 6, 1970, to discuss rock magnetism, paleomagnetism, and geomagnetism in a seminar held at the East‐West Center of the University of Hawaii as part of the United States‐Japan Cooperative Science Program. This fourth meeting of the paleomagnetism series—on The History of the Geomagnetic Field Revealed from Paleomagnetic Studies of the Pacific Ocean Floor and Circum‐Pacific Areas—followed an organizational meeting at Tokyo in 1962, a second meeting at Berkeley in 1964, and a third meeting at Kyoto in 1966. During the meeting 40 papers were presented by 18 scientists from the United States and 10 from Japan. Four other scientists from the United States were in attendance.
Earth Science Symposium
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An Earth Science Symposium on Offshore Eastern Canada will be held in Camsell Hall, 588 Booth Street, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, on February 22– 24, 1971. The topics will include Surficial Geology, Geochemistry, Repetitive‐Source Seismic, Bedrock Geology and Tectonics, Seismic Reflection and Refraction, Gravity, Magnetics, Magnetotellurics, Crustal Seismic, Heat Flow, Continental Drift, and Offshore Drilling. Papers are invited, and abstracts should be submitted before November 1, 1970.