bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodic Adjacent Pd‐Fe Pair Sites for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia via Accelerating Proton Relay
Authors: Xie Meng , Zhu Guihua , Yang Haoyu , Liu Bin , Li Minghao , Qi Chunhong , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: May 2024

Recently, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising for driving nitrate (NO3
−) reduction reaction (NO3RR) to produce ammonia (NH3) due to their multiple active sites and electron redistribution via strong metal–metal interaction. However, the quantitatively determining the atomic configuration of the active sites and revealing their respective roles in NO3RR process are still challenged. Herein, the configuration of atomically ordered PdFe3 L12 intermetallic NPs into mesoporous carbon nanofibers (O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs) is reported as an efficient NO3RR catalyst for NH3 synthesis. Compared to the face‐centered cubic one, the O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs demonstrate a high NO3− removal of 98.3% within 270 min with a large NH3 yield rate of 1014.2 µmol h−1 cm−2. The detailed in situ and theoretical analysis reveals that the high performance of O‐PdFe3‐mCNFs is attributed to the synergetic effect from the periodic adjacent Pd‐Fe pair sites at the ordered (110) facet via accelerating proton relay, where the Fe sites show preferable stabilization of nitrogen−oxygen (*NO) intermediates while Pd sites serve as proton reservoir for *NO hydrogenation. Moreover, the strong d‐d orbital hybridization tunes d‐band center of the alloy NPs and effectively modulates the adsorption energy of *NO3− and *NO. This synergetic electrocatalyst design offers a new avenue for developing highly efficient multifunctional NO3RR catalysts.
Daily planning conversations and AI: Keys for improving construction culture, engagement, planning, and safety
Authors: Pettinger Charles B. , Nelson Barry
Published: May 2024

The construction industry is known for its inherent risks, contributing to ~170,000 workplace injuries and illnesses annually in the United States. Engaging in prejob safety discussions presents a crucial chance to safeguard workers by proactively recognizing hazards and ensuring that crews are well‐oriented with safety protocols before commencing work each day. However, research shows prejob meetings are often conducted hastily without the depth required to fully uncover risks. This study examines the characteristics that distinguish high‐impact, high‐quality prejob safety conversations from lower‐ quality counterparts. Strategies are provided for improving engagement, psychological safety, hazard analysis, accountability, and leadership support to transform safety talks into dynamic interactions that empower employees to operate safely. Additionally, this study reviews leading‐edge artificial intelligence techniques, enabling construction firms to capture, analyze, and optimize their daily planning conversations at scale to drive safety excellence. Implementing the evidence‐based strategies discussed allows organizations to realize the immense potential of prejob conversations for preventing injuries and fatalities.
Intramolecular Cyclization of ‐COY (Y = OH, NHPh) to Photoredox Functionalized Benzylic C(sp3)‐H Bond. Attractive Approach to Construct γ, δ‐lactones and lactams Scaffolds
Authors: Swati Sharma Kumari , Kumar Tiwari Sandip , Pandey Ganesh
Published: May 2024

Synthesis of γ and δ‐lactones and lactams are reported in high yield by the cyclization of −COY (Y=OH, NHPh) to the photo redox functionalized benzylic C(sp3)−H bond.
MiR‐106a targets ATG7 to inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Bai Guofeng , Yang Jinghao , Liao Weili , Zhou Xiaofeng , He Yingting , Li Nian , Zhang Liuhong , Wang Yifei , Dong Xiaoli , Zhang Hao , Pan Jinchun , Lai Liangxue , Yuan Xiaolong , Wang Xilong
Published: May 2024

Background

Myocardial infarction (MI) is an acute condition in which the heart muscle dies due to the lack of blood supply. Previous research has suggested that autophagy and angiogenesis play vital roles in the prevention of heart failure after MI, and miR‐106a is considered to be an important regulatory factor in MI. But the specific mechanism remains unknown. In this study, using cultured venous endothelial cells and a rat model of MI, we aimed to identify the potential target genes of miR‐106a and discover the mechanisms of inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis.

Methods

We first explored the biological functions of miR‐106a on autophagy and angiogenesis on endothelial cells. Then we identified ATG7, which was the downstream target gene of miR‐106a. The expression of miR‐106a and ATG7 was investigated in the rat model of MI.

Results

We found that miR‐106a inhibits the proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy and angiogenesis, but promoted the apoptosis of vein endothelial cells. Moreover, ATG7 was identified as the target of miR‐106a, and ATG7 rescued the inhibition of autophagy and angiogenesis by miR‐106a. The expression of miR‐106a in the rat model of MI was decreased but the expression of ATG7 was increased in the infarction areas.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that miR‐106a may inhibit autophagy and angiogenesis by targeting ATG7. This mechanism may be a potential therapeutic treatment for MI.
Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents: A narrative review
Authors: Golmohammadi Maryam , Meibodi Seyed Arash Aghaei , Al‐Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash , Gupta Jitendra , Sapaev Ibrohim B. , Najm Mazin A. A. , Alwave Marim , Nazifi Mozhgan , Rahmani Mohammadreza , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Moriasi Gervason
Published: May 2024

Glaucoma, an irreversible optic neuropathy, primarily affects retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and causes vision loss and blindness. The damage to RGCs in glaucoma occurs by various mechanisms, including elevated intraocular pressure, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other neurodegenerative processes. As the disease progresses, the loss of RGCs leads to vision loss. Therefore, protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival are important goals in managing glaucoma. In this regard, resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic phytoalexin, exerts antioxidant effects and slows down the evolution and progression of glaucoma. The present review shows that RES plays a protective role in RGCs in cases of ischemic injury and hypoxia as well as in ErbB2 protein expression in the retina. Additionally, RES plays protective roles in RGCs by promoting cell growth, reducing apoptosis, and decreasing oxidative stress in H2O2‐exposed RGCs. RES was also found to inhibit oxidative stress damage in RGCs and suppress the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. RES could alleviate retinal function impairment by suppressing the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor and p38/p53 axes while stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, RES might exert potential therapeutic effects for managing glaucoma by protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival.
Graphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid als Photokatalysator für die decarboxylative C(sp2)−C(sp3) Kupplung mittels Nickelkatalyse
Authors: Lukas Florian , Findlay Michael T. , Fillols Méritxell , Templ Johanna , Savino Elia , Martin Benjamin , Allmendinger Simon , Furegati Markus , Noël Timothy
Published: May 2024

Die Entwicklung robuster und zuverlässiger Methoden für den Aufbau von C(sp2)−C(sp3)‐Bindungen ist entscheidend, um eine Vielzahl strukturell diverser Substanzen in der Wirkstoffforschung und ‐entwicklung zugänglich zu machen. Obwohl bedeutende Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet durch den Einsatz der Metallaphotoredox‐Chemie erzielt wurden, nutzen viele dieser Methoden nach wie vor Photokatalysatoren auf Edelmetallbasis aufgrund ihrer effizienten Redoxprozesse und gut anpassbaren Eigenschaften. Aufgrund der hohen Kosten, Ressourcenknappheit und oftmals erheblichen Toxizität dieser Metalle, ist es von großem Interesse, die Suche nach geeigneten Ersatz voranzutreiben. In dieser Publikation zeigen wir den Einsatz des kommerziell erhältlichen, heterogenen Halbleiters graphitisches Kohlenstoffnitrid (gCN) als Photokatalysator in Kombination mit Nickelkatalyse für die Kreuzkupplung von Arylhalogenid‐ und Carbonsäure‐Derivaten. Wie in vorherigen Berichten gezeigt, kann gCN effektiv an Einelektronenübertragungen (SET) und Energietransfer‐(EnT) Prozessen zur Bildung von C−X‐Bindungen teilnehmen. Dieses Manuskript beinhaltet neue Strategien, um die bislang auf C−O Bindungsknüpfung beschränkten Methoden mittels carbonsäurehaltigen Bausteinen um C−C Bindungsknüpfungen zu erweitern. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Vielzahl an Arylhalogeniden als auch Carbonsäuren für diese Transformation genutzt werden kann. Im Weiteren wird das Recycling des Photokatalysators demonstriert und der Mechanismus der Reaktion untersucht.
Designing A–D–A Type Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptors with a Bulky 3D Substituent at the Central Donor Core to Minimize Non‐Radiative Losses and Enhance Organic Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Lu Hao , Li Dawei , Liu Wenlong , Ran Guangliu , Wu Hongbo , Wei Nan , Tang Zheng , Liu Yahui , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan
Published: May 2024

Designing and synthesizing narrow band gap acceptors that exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and strong crystallinity is a highly effective, yet challenging, approach to reducing non‐radiative energy losses (▵Enr) and boosting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). We have successfully designed and synthesized an A–D–A type fused‐ring electron acceptor, named DM‐F, which features a planar molecular backbone adorned with bulky three‐dimensional camphane side groups at its central core. These bulky substituents effectively hinder the formation of H‐aggregates of the acceptors, promoting the formation of more J‐aggregates and notably elevating the PLQY of the acceptor in the film. As anticipated, DM‐F showcases pronounced near‐infrared absorption coupled with impressive crystallinity. Organic solar cells (OSCs) leveraging DM‐F exhibit a high EQEEL value and remarkably low ▵Enr of 0.14 eV‐currently the most minimal reported value for OSCs. Moreover, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary and ternary OSCs utilizing DM‐F has reached 16.16 % and 20.09 %, respectively, marking a new apex in reported efficiency within the OSCs field. In conclusion, our study reveals that designing narrow band gap acceptors with high PLQY is an effective way to reduce ▵Enr and improve the PCE of OSCs.
Harnessing Ion‐Dipole Interactions for Water‐Lean Solvation Chemistry: Achieving High‐Stability Zn Anodes in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Mingqiang , Sun Yilun , Yang Zimin , Deng Siting , Tong Hao , Nie Xinbin , Su Yifan , Li Jianwei , Chai Guoliang
Published: May 2024

The reversibility and stability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are largely limited by water‐induced interfacial parasitic reactions. Here, dimethyl(3,3‐difluoro‐2‐oxoheptyl)phosphonate (DP) is introduced to tailor primary solvation sheath and inner‐Helmholtz configurations for robust zinc anode. Informed by theoretical guidance on solvation process, DP with high permanent dipole moments can effectively substitute the coordination of H2O with charge carriers through relatively strong ion‐dipolar interactions, resulting in a water‐lean environment of solvated Zn2+. Thus, interfacial side reactions can be suppressed through a shielding effect. Meanwhile, lone‐pair electrons of oxygen and fluorinated features of DP also reinforce the interfacial affinity of metallic zinc, associated with exclusion of neighboring water to facilitate reversible zinc planarized deposition. Thus, these merits endow the Zn anode with a high‐stability performance exceeds 3800 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2 for Zn||Zn batteries and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % at 4 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 for Zn||Cu batteries. Benefiting from the stable zinc anode, the Zn||NH4V4O10 cell maintains 80.3 % of initial discharge capacity after 3000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and exhibits a high retention rate of 99.4 % against to the initial capacity during the self‐discharge characterizations.
Effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on the rheology properties of fresh and mechanically degraded hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer solutions
Authors: Mora Andrea V. , Hutin Anthony , Avendano Jorge , Carvalho Marcio S.
Published: May 2024

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is extensively utilized in enhanced oil recovery operations. However, its efficacy is compromised by mechanical degradation during transport through injection lines, valves, and reservoir, which leads to a reduction in the average molecular weight, diminishing the solution's viscosity and viscoelastic properties, critical for efficient oil displacement. In this investigation, we characterized the degree of mechanical degradation in HPAM solutions by evaluating shear and extensional rheological parameters preand post‐degradation. Mechanical degradation was induced by subjecting them to controlled flow through a valve featuring varying degrees of constriction and flow rates. Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in zero‐shear viscosity and high‐strain extensional viscosity of mechanically degraded solutions, with reductions of up to 64%. To mitigate this issue, we explored the incorporation of silica nanoparticles as a potential remedy for mechanical degradation. These nanoparticles strengthen the network structure of HPAM, thereby reducing its susceptibility to mechanical degradation. Our findings reveal that shear and extensional viscosities of mechanically degraded NPs‐HPAM solutions experienced only minimal reductions, dropping to 12% and 0%, respectively. This underscores the effectiveness of the nanoparticle‐enhanced HPAM solutions in preserving viscosity and viscoelasticity under mechanical stress, presenting a promising avenue for improving the robustness of EOR processes.
Chemical transformations during mechanoactivation of ε‐polylysine‐poly‐L‐lactic acid mixture to obtain amphiphilic copolymers
Authors: Khaptakhanova Polina , Uspenskii Sergey , Aleksandrov Aleksey , Ryzhykau Yury , Okhrimenko Ivan
Published: May 2024

In this study presents a new strategy for the preparation of amphiphilic copolymers of ε‐polylysine (PL) and poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLA) using one‐step pulsed mechanochemical approach. Correlation between the synthesis parameters (ratio of homopolymers) and the structure of the resulting copolymers has been studied. The interaction products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Infrared spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography, by varying the mass ratio of the initial homopolymers (PL:PLA = 10:90; 50:50; 90:10). It is shown that the largest number of product yield is formed in a ratio of homopolymers of 50:50, according to the reaction of aminolysis of polyesters. The dynamic light scattering method, transmission electron microscopy, and small‐angle x‐ray scattering were used to characterize nanoscale structures of copolymer macromolecules in aqueous solvent. As a result of pulsed mechanochemical action at all three ratios of homopolymers (PL:PLA = 10:90; 50:50; 90:10 w/w), the aminolysis reaction of the ester group occurs and branched macromolecules of copolymers are formed, which consist of chemically related sequences of homopolymers—main chain—PL, side branches—PLA. However, the maximum yield of the amphiphilic copolymer was 90 wt% with a PL:PLA ratio of 50:50. This study can serve as the development of important areas: deepen knowledge in the field of mechanochemical synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers.
Impact and torsional behavior of additive layer‐manufactured biopolymer: An advancement for orthopedic applications
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Mudgal Deepa , Gupta Vishal
Published: May 2024

Distal ulna locking bone plates (DLBPs) are commonly employed in the treatment of distal ulna fractures. However, commercially available metallic bone plates experience stress shielding and lack corrosion resistance. Poly lactic acid (PLA) is highly favored biopolymer due to its biocompatible and bioabsorbable nature with human tissues. The use of additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is gaining attention for creating customized implants with intricate structures tailored to patient autonomy. ALM‐based PLA bone plates must provide high resistance against impact and torsional forces, necessitating the adjustment of printing process parameters. This study focuses on examining the influence of key printing parameters, on the impact strength and torque‐withstanding capability of DLBPs. Experimental results, along with microscopic images, reveal that an increase in infill density (IF) and wall thickness imparts strong resistance to layers against crack propagation under impact and torsional loads. On the contrary, an increase in layer height and printing speed leads to delamination and early fracture of layers during impact and torsional testing. IF significantly contributes to improving the impact strength and torque‐withstanding capability of DLBPs by 70.53% and 80.65%, respectively. The study highlights the potential of the ALM technique in developing DLBPs with sufficient mechanical strength for biomedical applications.
Removal of empty capsids from high‐dose adeno‐associated virus 9 gene therapies
Authors: Kish William S. , Lightholder John , Zeković Tamara , Berrill Alex , Roach Matthew , Wellborn William B. , Vorst Eric
Published: May 2024

Recombinant adeno‐associated virus, serotype 9 (rAAV9) has shown promise as a gene therapy vector for muscle and central nervous diseases. High‐dose requirements of these therapies present critical safety considerations and biomanufacturing challenges. Notably, the reduction of empty capsids (ECs), which lack therapeutic transgene, from rAAV9 products is critical to maximize efficacy. Removal of rAAV ECs from full capsids is a major downstream challenge because of their highly similar biophysical characteristics. Ultracentrifugation (UC) reduces ECs but is laborious and difficult to scale. In this paper, to replace a poorly scalable UC process, we developed an anion exchange (AEX) chromatography for rAAV9 EC reduction from full capsids. AEX load preparation by dilution incurred major product loss. The addition of histidine and surfactants to dilution buffers increased yield and reduced aggregation. Elution salts were screened and sodium acetate was found to maximize yield and EC reduction. The most promising load dilution buffer and elution salt were used in combination to form an optimized AEX method. The process reduced ECs three‐fold, demonstrated robustness to a broad range of EC load challenges, and was scaled for large‐scale manufacture. Compared to UC, the AEX method simplified scale‐up, reduced ECs to comparable levels (20%), afforded similar purity and product quality, and increased yield by 14%.
The machine learning‐based model for lateral lymph node metastasis of thyroid medullary carcinoma improved the prediction ability of occult metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Zhao Xiaohui , Jin Lichao , Guo Qianqian , Wei Minghui , Li Zhengjiang , Niu Lijuan , Liu Zhiqiang , An Changming
Published: May 2024

Background

For medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with no positive findings in the lateral neck before surgery, whether prophylactic lateral neck dissection (LND) is needed remains controversial. A better way to predict occult metastasis in the lateral neck is needed.

Methods

From January 2010 to January 2022, patients who were diagnosed with MTC and underwent primary surgery at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. We collected the patients' baseline characteristics, surgical procedure, and rescored the ultrasound images of the primary lesions using American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS). Regularized logistic regression, 5‐fold cross‐validation and decision curve analysis was applied for lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) model's development and validation. Then, we tested the predictive ability of the LLNM model for occult LLNM in cN0−1a patients.

Results

A total of 218 patients were enrolled. Five baseline characteristics and two TI‐RADS features were identified as high‐risk factors for LLNM: gender, baseline calcitonin (Ctn), tumor size, multifocality, and central lymph node (CLN) status, as well as TI‐RADS margin and level. A LLNM model was developed and showed a good discrimination with 5‐fold cross‐validation mean area under curve (AUC) = 0.92 ± 0.03 in the test dataset. Among cN0−1a patients, our LLNM model achieved an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.94) for predicting occult LLNM, which was significantly higher than the AUCs of baseline Ctn (0.83) and CLN status (0.64).

Conclusions

We developed a LLNM prediction model for MTC using machine learning based on clinical baseline characteristics and TI‐RADS. Our model can predict occult LLNM for cN0−1a patients more accurately, then benefit the decision of prophylactic LND.
Efficacy of first‐line dual oral pyrotinib plus capetabine therapy in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer: A real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Dai Shuang , Zhang Yong , Tan Xiang , Luo Feng , Yan Xi
Published: May 2024

Background

The combination of dual‐targeted human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy and chemotherapy is the standard first‐line regimen for recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (mBC). However, the toxicity of such combination therapy can lead to some patients being unable to tolerate adverse events or bear treatment costs. As a novel irreversible pan‐ErbB receptor TKI (pyrotinib), can the dual oral administration of pyrotinib plus capetabine (PyroC) provide first‐line survival benefits and serve as a more affordable treatment option?

Methods

This real‐world retrospective study included patients diagnosed with HER2‐positive mBC who received PyroC as a first‐line treatment at West China Hospital between May 2018 and July 2023. The survival data and toxicity profiles were reported in this study.

Results

A total of 64 patients received PyroC as first‐line therapy. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 19.6 months (95% CI 15.0–27.2), while overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that age (≥60, p = 0.03) and metastasis sites (p = 0.004) were related to poor efficacy of PyroC, while there was no relationship between effectiveness and menstrual status, hormone receptor (HR) status or previous treatment with anti‐HER2 therapy. Furthermore, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 79.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Of the patients, 78.1% reported treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). The predominant adverse events were diarrhea (n = 46, 71.9%) and hand‐foot syndrome (n = 10, 15.6%).

Conclusion

The dual oral administration regimen (PyroC) has a promising ORR or PFS in HER2‐positive mBC patients, with an acceptable safety profile and convenience.
Graph‐based control framework for motion propagation and pattern preservation in swarm flight simulations
Authors: Qi Feixiang , Wang Bojian , Wang Meili
Published: May 2024

Simulation of swarm motion is a crucial research area in computer graphics and animation, and is widely used in a variety of applications such as biological behavior research, robotic swarm control, and the entertainment industry. In this paper, we address the challenges of preserving structural relations between the individuals in swarm flight simulations by proposing an innovative motion control framework that utilizes a graph‐based hierarchy to illustrate patterns within a swarm and allows the swarm to perform flight motions along externally specified paths. In addition, this study designs motion propagation strategies with different focuses for varied application scenarios, analyzes the effects of information transfer latencies on pattern preservation under these strategies, and optimizes the control algorithms at the mathematical level. This study not only establishes a complete set of control methods for group flight simulations, but also has excellent scalability, which can be combined with other techniques in this field to provide new solutions for group behavior simulations.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the anticancer properties of pH‐responsive carvacrol‐zinc oxide quantum dots on breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231)
Authors: Srinivasan Manoj Kumar , Premnath Briska Jifrina , Parimelazhagan Ramya , Namasivayam Nalini
Published: May 2024

Since most solid tumors have a low pH value, a pH‐responsive drug delivery system may offer a broad method for tumor‐targeting treatment. The present study is used to analyze the anticancer activity of carvacrol‐zinc oxide quantum dots (CVC‐ZnO QDs) against breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231). CVC‐ZnO QDs demonstrate pH responsive and are specifically released within the acidic pH tumor microenvironment. This property enables targeted drug delivery exclusively to cancer cells while minimizing the impact on normal cells. To the synthesized ZnO QDs, the CVC was loaded and then examined by X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray, and transmission electron microscopy. For up to 20 h, CVC release was examined in different pH‐buffered solutions. The results showed that carvacrol release was stable in an acidic pH solution. Further, cytotoxicity assay, antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation activity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear damage, and the ability of CVC‐ZnO QDs to cause apoptosis were all examined. Apoptosis markers such as Bcl2, Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9, were also studied. In conclusion, the CVC‐ZnO QDs destabilized the MDA‐MB‐231cells under its acidic tumor microenvironment and regulated apoptosis.
Veterans starting their higher education at community colleges
Authors: Del Razo Jaime L.
Published: May 2024

This manuscript focuses on student veterans’ best option to start their post‐high‐school education: attending community colleges. It illustrates this point using the story of the author, a US Army combat veteran who began his career at a community college, and other veterans who also began their college careers at the community college. Using qualitative methods, the author uses perspectives of former student‐veterans to provide first‐person accounts of transition into and through college—beginning at community colleges. Four themes emerge from this analysis: acceptance, transition, liminality, and comradery.
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance in a young patient treated with melphalan‐thalidomide‐prednisone
Authors: Rakotonirainy Oliva Henintsoa , Rakotonirina Lalao Nomenjanahary , Desana Stevy , Manahandray Lauréat Brunda , Radinasoa Rajo Païdia , Randriamampianina Tahinasoa , Rabenja Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

We report an observation of a young patient presenting with severe type 1 cryoglobulinemic vasculitis revealing a monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significant. Treatment with Melphalan‐Thalidomide Prednisone improved the symptoms. Early diagnosis would prevent serious tissue damage.

Monoclonal gammopathy encompass diverse clinical forms. Only the cancerous form, multiple myeloma (MM), is treated based on specific diagnostic criteria. A new clinical entity, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), warrants special attention due to its need for specific treatment. It involves patients with signs of potentially severe organ involvement that do not meet MM criteria. We present the case of a 34‐year‐old Malagasy woman with severe type I cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with noncancerous monoclonal gammopathy, showing a favorable outcome after treatment with Thalidomide. Symptoms included toe necrosis, a severe ulcer on the left calf evolving for 3 months, and stocking‐like dysesthesias. Investigations revealed monoclonal gammopathy at 30.1 g/L, proteinuria at 1 g/24 h, medullary plasma cell at 6%, and circulating cryoglobulin of Ig kappa type. CRAB criteria (anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and osteolysis) were absent. Treatment with Thalidomide, combined with corticosteroids and local care for 4 months, resulted in ulcer healing, disappearance of dysesthesias, and persistent normalization of gammaglobulin. Our case underscores the importance of specific treatment for MGCS.
Rituximab and pericardiectomy with waffle procedure in constrictive pericarditis due to IgG4‐related disease: A case report
Authors: Okabe Toshitaka , Kawahata Taishi , Koyanagi Yui , Ito Yuki , Gibo Yuma , Okura Takeshi , Isomura Naoei , Nabuchi Akihiro , Okuyama Hiroshi , Ochiai Masahiko
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

We should consider IgG4‐related disease (IGRD) as one of the potential causes of constrictive pericarditis. In patients with constrictive pericarditis due to IGRD, the combination of surgical treatment and immunosuppressive therapy may be an effective strategy.
Hydrogen Evolving Mono‐Nuclear Manganese Complexes with Carefully Positioned Pyridine Base Ligands
Authors: Hussein Fatimah Ali , Joshi Meenakshi , Kaur‐Ghumaan Sandeep , Stein Matthias
Published: May 2024

Enormous efforts have been made by the scientific community in the development of bio‐mimetic/bio‐inspired hydrogen‐evolving complexes as catalysts for an alternative hydrogen energy carrier and renewable energy sources. In this regard, new bio‐inspired mono‐nuclear Mn(I) carbonyl model complexes fac‐[(Mn(CO)3(κ2‐SN2C7H5)(κ1‐PPh2Py))] 1 and fac‐[(Mn(CO)3(κ2‐S2NC7H4)(κ1‐PPh2Py))] 2 with 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (N,N) and 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (S,N) ligands and a N‐based phosphine ligand (PPh2Py) have been synthesized, spectroscopically characterized and evaluated as electro‐catalysts for hydrogen generation. In contrast to related mono‐nuclear (N,N/S,N)−Mn−PPh3 complexes, the newly introduced pyridine nitrogen atom of the PPh2Py ligand placed in an axial position in the second coordination sphere of the Mn(I) complexes, provides a first site for protonation and enables a fast intra‐molecular proton transfer to the central metal atom with a weaker acid. Theoretical DFT calculations enable a detailed picture of catalytic pathways, assign redox transitions and structural changes. Both the molecular complexes were tested as electro‐catalysts for hydrogen generation in CH3CN. Complexes 1 and 2 effectively catalyzed the electrochemical proton reduction with the weaker acetic acid as the proton source and displayed a turnover frequency (TOF/s−1; overpotential, η/V) of 610; 1.02 and 615; 1.12, respectively. [Correction added on 25 July 2024, after first online publication: Preceding sentence was updated.] The computer‐aided design of dedicated proton transfer pathways from second coordination sphere ligands is thus able to allow a hydrogen evolution reactivity with a weaker acid (acetic acid).
On the Origins of Intrinsic Limitations of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. , Narangoda Praveen , Masa Justus
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media was investigated in comparative relationship to HER in acidic media. Experimentally obtained adsorption free energies for 13 d‐metals were used to study the impact of intermediate coverage on HER activity trends, and how activity trends relate to trends in activation energies and preexponential frequency factors. A mechanistic picture of water discharge and adsorbed intermediate formation was analyzed in the light of recent experimental findings with the goal of creating a more comprehensive picture of HER electrocatalysis in alkaline media.
Preparing for place: A case study of rural counselor training
Authors: Elliott Anna , Koltz Rebecca , Murray Kirsten , Downey Jayne
Published: May 2024

Rural communities face significant mental health disparities. Two universities developed a training model for rural school‐based counseling students, which began with a rural life orientation. This case study's findings demonstrate the value of place‐attentive pedagogy and experiential learning. The study offers implications for how programs can prepare counselors to serve rural populations.
Generating realistic infrared spectra using artificial neural networks
Authors: Győry László , Gergely Szilveszter , Hanzelik Pál Péter
Published: May 2024

Artificial spectra were generated to match the different acid solubility properties of the rocks. The purpose of generating artificial spectra was to increase the number of samples available for future data processing with a convolutional neural network. The samples were collected from different geological matrices during targeted rock tests to support industrial applications. The inherent characteristics of the samples are their uneven distribution in the parameter space of the features and their limited availability for data‐intensive studies. Both data set characteristics constrain the prediction performance of the machine learning methods to estimate the unknown solubility of samples in the chosen acids. If the sample multiplication techniques are performed without considering the relationship between solubility of samples and their infrared spectra, the synthetic samples adversely impact the efficacy of the prediction method. By utilizing a dimensionality reduction technique (principal component analysis) and a neural network, we established a relationship between the solubility of the samples and their infrared spectra. Infrared spectra of the samples used for learning the model could be efficiently reproduced and infrared spectra of created samples could be generated. The reliability of the applied method has been shown by the comparison of the original and artificial spectra through a mean Pearson correlation coefficient and by comparing the closest neighbors to each other. This method can be used to create new samples and their infrared spectra, where different constraints must be met and the samples must be connected to the infrared spectrum.
Numerical and experimental study of homogenization mechanism of high shear rotor‐stator mixer
Authors: Wang Jiaqiong , Huang Yusha , Zhang Ruijie , Zhou Ling
Published: May 2024

Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for analytical purposes, this study developed a fundamental model employing the multiple reference frame (MRF) method, facilitated by the CFX simulation platform. The investigation conducted numerical simulations of the flow field within the rotor‐stator assembly of a high shear mixer, guided by the Navier–Stokes equations and the standard k‐ε turbulence model. To quantify the homogenization efficacy of the high shear mixer under scenarios with and without energy consumption considerations, the study introduced two distinct parameters: the mixing index (γ) and the energy ratio mixing index (λ). The impact of structural parameters such as the number of rotor‐stator teeth, radial clearance, and tooth apex‐base axial clearance on the local flow characteristics—velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, shear rate distribution, net power consumption, and the specified indices—was meticulously analyzed. This analysis aimed to identify the optimal structural configurations for the mixer, considering energy efficiency and mixing effectiveness, and to determine the relative influence of these structural variations on the mixing index (γ) and the energy ratio mixing index (λ).
The role of family history in predicting germline pathogenic variant carriers who develop pancreatic cancer: Results of a multicenter collaboration
Authors: Karloski Eve , Dudley Beth , Diergaarde Brenda , Blanco Amie , Everett Jessica N. , Levinson Elana , Rangarajan Tara , Stanich Peter P. , Childers Kimberly , Brown Sandra , Drogan Christine , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Gordon Kelly , Singh Aparajita , Simeone Diane M. , Reich Hannah , Kastrinos Fay , Zakalik Dana , Hampel Heather , Pearlman Rachel , Gordon Ora K. , Kupfer Sonia S. , Puzzono Marta , Zuppardo Raffaella Alessia , Brand Randall E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) surveillance is recommended for some individuals with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant (PV/LPV) in a PDAC susceptibility gene; the recommendation is often dependent on family history of PDAC. This study aimed to describe PDAC family history in individuals with PDAC who underwent genetic testing to determine the appropriateness of including a family history requirement in these recommendations.

Methods

Individuals with PDAC with a germline heterozygous PV/LPV in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, or PMS2 (PV/LPV carriers) were assessed for family history of PDAC in first‐degree relatives (FDRs) or second‐degree relatives (SDRs) from nine institutions. A control group of individuals with PDAC without a germline PV/LPV was also assessed.

Results

The study included 196 PV/LPV carriers and 1184 controls. In the PV/LPV carriers, 25.5% had an affected FDR and/or SDR compared to 16.9% in the control group (p = .004). PV/LPV carriers were more likely to have an affected FDR compared to the controls (p = .003) but there was no statistical difference when assessing only affected SDRs (p = .344).

Conclusions

Most PV/LPV carriers who developed PDAC did not have a close family history of PDAC and would not have met most current professional societies’ recommendations for consideration of PDAC surveillance before diagnosis. However, PV/LPV carriers were significantly more likely to have a family history of PDAC, particularly an affected FDR. These findings support family history as a risk modifier in PV/LPV carriers, and highlight the need to identify other risk factors.
Boron Nitride Modified Superhydrophobic Anti‐Icing Coating for Electrical Equipment Protection
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Xueqin , Li Bingkun , Liu Yijie , Xiao Song , Guo Yujun , Wei Wenfu , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning
Published: May 2024

Anti‐icing of superhydrophobic materials has attracted a lot of attention. The potential for applications in power electronics, transportation, engineering and other fields is enormous. However, in practical applications, the anti‐icing performance parameters of superhydrophobic materials are still far from meeting the engineering requirements. It is a feasible solution to modify superhydrophobic materials to assist surface deicing by combining the vibration and heat generated by equipment in actual engineering. In this study, conventional superhydrophobic materials are modified by h‐BN. The electrical properties are improved to meet the engineering requirements. At the same time, it reduces the ice adhesion at the interface and improves the thermal conductivity of the material. The modified material has the possibility of assisting in de‐icing in engineering applications. A feasible solution is found for the engineering interface ice‐covering problem.
Vibrational‐Mode‐Selective Modulation of Electronic Excitation
Authors: Guan Jianxin , Li Xinmao , Shen Chengzhen , Zi Zhi , Hou Zhuowei , Hao Chuanqing , Yu Qirui , Jiang Hong , Ma Yuguo , Yu Zhihao , Zheng Junrong
Published: May 2024

Vibrational‐mode‐selective modulation of electronic excitation is conducted with a synchronized femtosecond (fs) visible (vis) pulse and a picosecond (ps) infrared (IR) pulse. The mechanism of modulation of vibrational and vibronic relaxation behavior of excited state is investigated with ultrafast vis/IR, IR/IR, and vis‐IR/IR transient spectroscopy, optical gating experiments and theoretical calculations. An organic molecule, 4′‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)‐3‐methoxyflavone (DMA3MHF) is chosen as the model system. Upon 1608 cm−1 excitation, the skeleton stretching vibration of DMA3MHF is energized, which can significantly change the shape of the absorption, facilitate the radiative decay and promote emission from vibrational excited states. As results, a remarkable enhancement and a slight blueshift in fluorescence are observed. The mode‐selective modulation of electronic excitation is not limited in luminescence or photophysics. It is expected to be widely applicable in tuning many photochemical processes.
The HABD: Home of All Biological Databases Empowering Biological Research With Cutting‐Edge Database Systems
Authors: Ullah Shahid , Rahman Wajeeha , Ullah Farhan , Ullah Anees , Ahmad Gulzar , Ijaz Muhammad , Ullah Hameed , Sharafmal Din Mohammad
Published: May 2024

The emergence of computer technologies and computing power has led to the development of several database systems that provide standardized access to vast quantities of data, making it possible to collect, search, index, evaluate, and extract useful knowledge across various fields. The Home of All Biological Databases (HABD) has been established as a continually expanding platform that aims to store, organize, and distribute biological data in a searchable manner, removing all dead and non‐accessible data. The platform meticulously categorizes data into various categories, such as COVID‐19 Pandemic Database (CO‐19PDB), Database relevant to Human Research (DBHR), Cancer Research Database (CRDB), Latest Database of Protein Research (LDBPR), Fungi Databases Collection (FDBC), and many other databases that are categorized based on biological phenomena. It currently provides a total of 22 databases, including 6 published, 5 submitted, and the remaining in various stages of development. These databases encompass a range of areas, including phytochemical‐specific and plastic biodegradation databases. HABD is equipped with search engine optimization (SEO) analyzer and Neil Patel tools, which ensure excellent SEO and high‐speed value. With timely updates, HABD aims to facilitate the processing and visualization of data for scientists, providing a one‐stop‐shop for all biological databases. Computer platforms, such as PhP, html, CSS, Java script and Biopython, are used to build all the databases. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Valorization of Lignocellulose with One‐Step Acidified Monophasic Phenoxyethanol Fractionation
Authors: Zhang Yiqi , Wang Yunxuan , Li Wuhuan , Liu Shijun , Tan Xuesong , Zhang Quan , Miao Changlin , Gao Jingjing , Song Xueping , Sun Chihe , Li Kai , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Zhuang Xinshu
Published: May 2024

Effective fractionation of lignocelluosic biomass and subsequent valorization of all three major components under mild conditions were achieved. Pretreatment with acidified monophasic phenoxyethanol (EPH) efficiently removed 92.6 % lignin and 80 % xylan from poplar at 110 °C in 60 min, yielding high‐value EPH‐xyloside, EPH‐modified lignin (EPHL), and a solid residue nearly purely composed of carbohydrates. After removing the grafted acetyl groups using 1 % NaOH at 50 °C, the highest enzymatic digestibility reached 92.3 %. EPHL could be recovered in high yield and purity with an uncondensed structure, while xylose was converted to EPH‐xyloside, a potential precursor in biomedical industries. Additionally, the acidified monophasic EPH solvent could effectively fractionate biomass from species other than hardwood, achieving over 70 % delignification from recalcitrant pinewood under the same mild conditions, demonstrating the high potential of monophasic EPH pretreatment.
The impact of chronic fluoxetine treatment in adolescence or adulthood on context fear memory and perineuronal nets
Authors: Chan Diana , Baker Kathryn D. , Richardson Rick
Published: May 2024

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine (Prozac), are commonly prescribed pharmacotherapies for anxiety. Fluoxetine may be a useful adjunct because it can reduce the expression of learned fear in adult rodents. This effect is associated with altered expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the amygdala and hippocampus, two brain regions that regulate fear. However, it is unknown whether fluoxetine has similar effects in adolescents. Here, we investigated the effect of fluoxetine exposure during adolescence or adulthood on context fear memory and PNNs in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, and the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Fluoxetine impaired context fear memory in adults but not in adolescents. Further, fluoxetine increased the number of parvalbumin (PV)‐expressing neurons surrounded by a PNN in the BLA and CA1, but not in the medial prefrontal cortex, at both ages. Contrary to previous reports, fluoxetine did not shift the percentage of PNNs toward non‐PV cells in either the BLA or CA1 in the adults, or adolescents. These findings demonstrate that fluoxetine differentially affects fear memory in adolescent and adult rats but does not appear to have age‐specific effects on PNNs.
Recycled by leaf inhabitants: Terrestrial bacteria drive the mineralization of organic matter in lake water
Authors: Vesamäki Jussi S. , Rigaud Cyril , Litmanen Jaakko J. , Nissinen Riitta , Taube Robert , Taipale Sami J.
Published: May 2024

Terrestrial organic matter subsidizes aquatic food webs and plays an important role in carbon cycling in lake ecosystems, where it is decomposed mainly by microbes. However, the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic microbiomes on terrestrial carbon cycling and their effects on the biochemical fate of carbon has remained understudied. Therefore, we explored the microbial carbon utilization of three chemically differing leaf species in lake water in microcosms and quantified the biochemical endpoints of leaf carbon in CO2, CH4, and microbial biomass. Additionally, we identified microbial taxa responsible for leaf carbon recycling and studied the role of epiphytic and endophytic leaf microbiomes in microbial community succession in lake water. Microbially utilized leaf carbon was mainly respired (82.7 ± 1.4%), whereas a small proportion (17.1 ± 1.4%) was assimilated into biomass. Carbon from nitrogen‐rich alder leaves was taken up at the fastest rate, whereas birch leaf addition produced the highest concentrations of CH4, suggesting that leaf chemistry affects the decomposition rate and biochemical fate of carbon. In particular, terrestrial bacteria shaped the succession of aquatic bacterial communities. The addition of leaves resulted in the equal contribution of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria in the lake water, whereas epiphytic fungi dominated the fungal community structure. Our results suggest that terrestrial bacteria originating from terrestrial leaves influence the microbiome succession in lake ecosystems and play a key role in linking terrestrial carbon to an aquatic food web and determining the quality of carbon emissions that are released into the atmosphere.
Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Ketones by Photocatalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling of Aromatic Acids with α‐CF3‐Substituted Styrenes
Authors: Zhang Lili , Yu Xiaoyu , Ouyang Shenmao , Zhu Chengjian , Li Weipeng , Xie Jin
Published: May 2024

α‐Trifluoromethyl alkenes are versatile CF3‐containing feedstocks. They have been widely used to construct gem‐difluoroalkene scaffolds through β−F elimination. The application of α−CF3 alkenes as trifluoromethylating reagents has been less explored. Herein, we report an efficient route for the synthesis of β‐trifluoromethylated ketones from readily accessed α−CF3 styrenes and aromatic carboxylic acids under photoredox catalysis. The reactions proceed by phosphoranyl radical promoted deoxygenation of aromatic acids, generating acyl radicals for subsequent hydroacylation of α−CF3 styrenes. The valuable trifluoromethyl‐containing compounds could be produced in good yields under mild conditions.