bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Operations Underlying Working Memory Abilities: An Analysis of Latency and Time-Based Parameters
Authors: Emrani Sheina , Lamar Melissa , Price Catherine C. , Swenson Rod , Libon David J. , Baliga Ganesh
Published: July 2023

Background: The theory of executive attention (Fuster, 2015) suggests considerable plasticity regarding when specific neurocognitive operations are recruited to bring executive tasks to fruition. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that differing neurocognitive operations are recruited upon the initiation of a response, but that other distinct neurocognitive operations are recruited towards the middle or end of a response. Methods: The Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) was administered to 58 memory clinic patients (MCI, n = 22; no-MCI, n = 36). Latency to generate all correct 5-span responses was obtained. Statistical analyses found that optimal group classification was achieved using the first and third digit backward. First and third response latencies were analyzed in relation to verbal working memory (WM), visual WM, processing speed, visuospatial operations, naming/lexical access, and verbal episodic memory tests. Results: For the first response, slower latencies were associated with better performance in relation to verbal WM and visuospatial test performance. For the third response, faster latencies were associated with better processing speed and visuospatial test performance. Conclusion: Consistent with the theory of executive attention, these data show that the neurocognitive operations underlying successful executive test performance are not monolithic but can be quite nuanced with differing neurocognitive operations associated with specific time epochs. Results support the efficacy of obtaining time-based latency parameters to help disambiguate successful executive neurocognitive operations in memory clinic patients.
Testing a Polygenic Risk Score for Morphological Microglial Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Aging
Authors: Tio Earvin S. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Hohman Timothy J. , Milic Milos , Bennett David A. , Felsky Daniel
Published: July 2023

Background: Neuroinflammation and the activation of microglial cells are among the earliest events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, direct observation of microglia in living people is not currently possible. Here, we indexed the heritable propensity for neuroinflammation with polygenic risk scores (PRS), using results from a recent genome-wide analysis of a validated post-mortem measure of morphological microglial activation. Objective: We sought to determine whether a PRS for microglial activation (PRSmic) could augment the predictive performance of existing AD PRSs for late-life cognitive impairment. Methods: First, PRSmic were calculated and optimized in a calibration cohort (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), n = 450), with resampling. Second, predictive performance of optimal PRSmic was assessed in two independent, population-based cohorts (total n = 212,237). Finally, we explored associations of PRSmic with a comprehensive set of imaging and fluid AD biomarkers in ADNI. Results: Our PRSmic showed no significant improvement in predictive power for either AD diagnosis or cognitive performance in either external cohort. Some nominal associations were found in ADNI, but with inconsistent effect directions. Conclusion: While genetic scores capable of indexing risk for neuroinflammatory processes in aging are highly desirable, more well-powered genome-wide studies of microglial activation are required. Further, biobank-scale studies would benefit from phenotyping of proximal neuroinflammatory processes to improve the PRS development phase.
Exact Solutions of Kantoweski-Sachs spacetimes in the Framework of Creation-Field Cosmology
Authors: Al-Ali Usamah
Published: July 2023

The Kantoweski-Sachs spacetimes in the context of creation field theory of Hoyle and Narlikar are investigated. Exact solutions are derived by considering an arbitrary creation field function of two independent variables. Exploring the physical parameters of these solutions reveal that both the inflationary scenario and the accelerated expansion of the universe are possible in the framework of C-field cosmology even if no restriction is made on the C-field function. In order to avoid the Big Bang scenario, a non-singular solution was introduced. This solution indicates that a linear C-field function gives rise to a universe of constant energy density.
Studi Eksperimental Pengujian Arus Pada Brushless Motor Rotomax 150cc
Authors: Prasetiyo Erwan Eko , Irmawan Erwhin , Ratnadila Novika
Published: July 2023

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini sangat pesat, terutama dalam bidang transportasi baik darat, laut, maupun udara. Pesawat tanpa awak merupakan salah satu hasil dari pengembangan teknologi transportasi. Pesawat tanpa awak ini sudah sudah banyak digunakan untuk membantu diberbagai bidang, seperti sipil, militer dan kesehatan. Pesawat ini memiliki berbagai  macam sistem propulsi, ada yang menggunakan elektrik sebagai sumber tenaganya dan ada juga yang menggunakan bahan bakar. Pada pesawat tanpa awak yang akan digunakan untuk pengujian ini menggunakan sistem propulsi elektrik sebagai sumber tenaganya, yaitu menggunakan baterai 16000mAh. Penggunaan baterai juga menjadi salah satu cara untuk penghematan energi bahan bakar dan agar lebih ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari pengujian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui arus yang bekerja pada brushless motor DC bila diberikan tegangan yang bervariasi. Selain karena ingin mengetahui seberapa besar arus yang bekerja pada brushless motor, pengujian ini juga untuk mengamati pengaruh tegangan terhadap RPM yang dihasilkan. Tegangan yang digunakan adalah  25V, 24V dan 23V kemudian diuji pada beberapa tingkatan RPM mulai dari 500 RPM hingga maksimal RPM yang dapat dihasilkan pada tegangan tersebut. Motor yang digunakan pada pesawat tanpa awak ini yaitu BLDC (Brushless DC Motor) 150cc, kemudian menggunakan ESC (Electronic Speed controller) 300A, dengan propeler yang digunakan yaitu multistar carbon fiber berukuran 30*8 inch. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen. Hasil dari pengujian ini yaitu pada tegangan 25V arus yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi dari pada tegangan 24V dan 23V. Pada tegangan 25V arus yang dihasilkan mencapai 13,2A, pada 24V yaitu 12,6V dan pada 23V adalah 12,33V. Terlihat pada tegangan 25V dan 24V menghasilkan 3200 RPM, sedangkan pada tegangan 23V hanya mencapai 3100 RPM.
Studi Eksperimental Thrust dan Konsumsi Daya Pada Brushless DC Motor Rotomax 150cc
Authors: Prasetiyo Erwan Eko , Irmawan Erwhin , Purboningrum Mega
Published: July 2023

Saat ini teknologi UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) atau pesawat tanpa awak semakin banyak digunakan untuk keperluan militer dan non militer. Dengan teknologi yang ada saat ini, dihasilkan UAV yang canggih, aman dan efisien. UAV saat ini banyak menggunakan mesin yang berdaya listrik. Penggunaan mesin listrik ini dipicu untuk mencegah pemanasan global atau yang biasa disebut global warming. Ada beberapa mesin listrik yang digunakan pada UAV, Salah satunya mesin listrik yang digunakan UAV adalah Brushless DC Motor. Brushless DC Motor memiliki efisiensi yang tinggi dan kemampuan kontrol yang baik. Untuk melihat kinerja dari mesin ini apakah sesuai dengan data sheet. Maka dari itu sebelum mesin digunakan perlu pengujian Brushless DC Motor untuk mengetahui kinerja Brushless DC Motor sesuai dengan data sheet. Pada makalah ini dilakukan pengujian Brushless DC Motor untuk mengetahui thrust atau gaya dorong yang dihasilkan oleh Brushless DC Motor, dan untuk mengetahui konsumsi daya yang dibutuhkan oleh Brushless DC Motor pada saat bekerja. Maka dalam pengujian ini menggunakan jenis motor Rotomax 150CC, dengan menggunakan propeller Multistar Carbon Fiber berukuran 30 x 8 inch. Pada pengujian ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 set yang menggunakan baterai LiPo 16.000 mAh dengan tegangan 25,0V. Data yang diamati dimulai dari 500 RPM sampai dengan 3.200 RPM. Hasil dari pengujian ini maka dapat diketahui pada 500 RPM menghasikan gaya dorong sebesar 0,3Kgf dan konsumsi daya yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan gaya dorong tersebut adalah 21,73 watt. Pada maksimum RPM yang dihasilkan yaitu 3.200 RPM dan gaya dorong yang dihasilkan sebesar 10,7 Kgf dan konsumsi dayanya sebesar 199,47 watt.
Rancang Bangun Solar Tracker Single Axis Dengan Motor Power Window DC CSD60-B
Authors: Putra Bumi Fakhri Al-Akhyar , Prasetiyo Erwan Eko , Marausna Gaguk
Published: July 2023

Solar power plants are one of the results of the development of energy source processing technology by utilizing solar energy converted into electrical energy using solar panels. The research objective is to obtain a conceptual design that is effective on a single axis solar tracker, so that it can absorb sunlight optimally. single axis solar tracker motor drive capable of detecting light sources. The research method using the development method (Research and Development) is a research method used to produce certain products by assessing the effectiveness of the products produced. The results of the research on single axis design using the generated DC CSD60-B power window; 3 (three) variants of the single axis solar tracker design concept, namely the horizontal axis force concept, the leg component concept, the moment force or torque concept with a capacity of 2 pv 100 wp units. Specifications for the size of the upper frame structure: length 150 -160 cm, width 100 – 110 cm and thickness 4-5 cm, the components of the legs have a length of 1400 – 1600 mm, a width of 900 -1100 mm, and the upper support shaft has a geometric diameter of 57 – 60 mm, length 1500 – 1700 mm thick 2 – 5 mm consists of spur gear timing belt v, moving up to 80˚, using a single drive motor. The total electrical energy produced by the single axis solar tracker every 30 minutes is 43.06 Watts and 8 hours of testing (08.00-16.00 WIB) = 750.44 Watts.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN HASIL DAYA LISTRIK PANEL SURYA DENGAN SOLAR TRACKER DAN TANPA SOLAR TRACKER
Authors: Eko Prasetiyo Erwan , Marausna Gaguk , Rasmi Dewantika Rahmiullah Rizka
Published: July 2023

Penggunaan listrik di wilayah Indonesia setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan yang tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaan sumber energi listrik di Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Upaya yang harus dilakukan yaitu dengan cara pemanfaatan sumber energi surya dari panas dan sinar matahari yang begitu melimpah. Energi dari panas matahari sudah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk teknologi terbaru saat ini, salah satunya yaitu menjadikan energi surya ke energi listrik melalui panel surya, energi panas matahari yang diserap oleh panel surya akan dikonversikan menjadi energi listrik dalam bentuk searah (DC). Untuk hasil penyerapan sinar matahari oleh panel surya secara optimal digunakanlah solar tracker single axis dengan sesnsor cahaya (LDR) sebagai penggerak panel mengikuti arah pergerakan datangnya cahaya matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya dengan solar tracker dan tanpa solar tracker (statis). Metode yang digunakan ada beberapa tahap yaitu studi literatur, perancangan alat, pegujian alat dan pengambilan data. Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh panel surya menggunakan solar tracker dengan tanpa solar tracker (statis). Berdasarkan pengujian perbandingan pengukuran tegangan dan arus panel surya tanpa solar tracker (statis) dan menggunakan solar tracker mendapatkan total daya (P) sebanyak 120,19 Wh tanpa solar tracker (statis) dan panel surya menggunakan solar tracker sebanyak 455,93 Wh. Selisih yang dihasilkan pada pengujian ini sebesar 335,74 W. Hasil perhitungan panel surya dengan solar tracker dan tanpa solar tracker memperoleh presentase arus sebesar 74,07% dan daya sebesar 73,84% . Pengujian dilakukan selama 8 jam pada pukul 08.00 WIB – 16.00 WIB. Didapatkan kesimpulan dari hasil pengujian diatas, panel surya menggunakan solar tracker lebih efisien dan optimal dalam penyerapan cahaya matahari dibandingkan tanpa solar tracker (statis).
ANALISIS UMUR KELELAHAN STRUKTUR RUANG MUAT KAPAL SPOB AKIBAT BEBAN SLOSHING
Authors: Wulandari Amalia Ika
Published: July 2023

Kapal self-propeller oil barge (SPOB) yang merupakan jenis kapal khusus untuk mengangkut muatan minyak mentah yang memiliki penggerak sendiri yang dapat menekan biaya operasional dalam pendistribusian. Menurut  data dari International Energy Agency (IEA), pada tahun 2023 kebutuhan minyak dunia meningkat menjadi 100.4 juta barel. Karena peningkatan kebutuhan minyak dunia yang meningkat, maka proses eksplorasi dan eksploitasi juga ikut meningkat sehingga kapal ini juga pengoperasian pelayarannya meningkat. Selama pelayaran, kapal diharuskan mampu bertahan dikondisi beban muatan berulang yang terjadi selama pelayaran. Beban muatan berulang yang terjadi secara terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan kelelahan pada struktur kapal dan akan membahayakan kapal. Maka diperlukan analisis fatigue life terhadap konstruksi struktur kapal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan beban muatan kapal dengan variasi 40%, 50%, 60%, dan 70% menggunakan metode elemen hingga. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai tegangan maksimal dari variasi beban muatan 70% adalah 117,08 MPa dengan fatigue life 38,57 tahun, beban muatan 60% adalah 114,74 Mpa dengan fatigue life 42,55 tahun, beban muatan 50% adalah 96,025 Mpa dengan fatigue life 80,28 tahun, dan beban muatan 40% adalah 96,01 Mpa dengan fatigue life 83,14 tahun.
ANALISIS POTENSI SUMBER MATA AIR SEBAGAI PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH DI KABUPATEN MAJENE
Authors: Saudi Akbar Indrawan
Published: July 2023

Mata air merupakan sumber air tanah yang mengalir dan keluar dari akuifer atau belahan batu menuju permukaan tanah yang menjadi sumber air bersih yang juga digunakan sebagai sumber air minum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas air dan besar potensi sumber mata air yang ada di Kecamatan Banggae dan Banggae Timur Kabupaten Majene, serta sebagai informasi bagi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan sumber mata air yang digunakan sebagai air minum. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dimana pengambilan sampel lokasi penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan pengujian sampel mata air secara kimiawi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa ada satu dari tiga lokasi sumber mata air yang berpotensi memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat hingga tahun 2025 yaitu di Desa Pamboborang dimana banyaknya air yang tersedia sebesar 36,288 liter/hari dengan kebutuhan air sebesar 27.480 liter/hari sedangkan potensi sumber mata air di Desa Galung Barat tidak mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air masyarakat tersebut dimana ketersediaan air di Desa Galung Barat sebanyak 35.424 liter/hari  dan kebutuhan air yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 51.720 liter/hari begitupun dengan Desa Lemba Lembang dimana ketersediaan air sebanyak 5.184 liter/hari sedangkan kebutuhan airnya sebesar 39.180 liter/hari. Terkait kualitas air yang ada pada lokasi Desa Pamboboran, Galung Barat dan Lemba Lembang tidak 100% dapat dikonsumsi secara langsung, perlu dilakukan beberapa treatment untuk mengurangi kandungan yang berlebih terutama pada kandungan Mn, Ecoli serta Bakteri Total Coliform pada air tersebut, untuk itu diharapkan masyarakat dapat melakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu terhadap air sebelum dikonsumsi secara langsung.
ANALISIS HEMAT ENERGI PADA SELUBUNG BANGUNAN BIRO LAYANAN PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA DINAS PUPR PROVINSI PAPUA DENGAN OTTV
Authors: Zulfiana Indah Sari , Harianja Bernard , Salipu Muhammad Amir , Zebua Mercyana t.
Published: July 2023

Building performance is a necessity in the context of a sustainable built environment. The design of buildings that involve the study of building performance has been contained in Law Number 30 of 2007 concerning Energy and Government Regulation Number 70 of 2009 concerning Energy Conservation. The purpose of this energy-efficient building analysis is to determine the level of energy savings of the Papua Province Procurement Services Bureau building that uses a shading device as a control for excess solar radiation intensity by using the Overall Thermal Transmitte Value (OTTV) calculation using the energy saving rate parameter based on SNI 6389:2011, where the building is said to be energy efficient if the OTTV shows a figure of less than 45 W/m2. The results show the number 34.02 W/m2, which means the building can be said to be an energy-efficient building.
DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI BUCK CONVERTER PADA SISTEM POWER SUPPLY UNTUK MESIN CUCI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PANEL SURYA
Authors: Musahiroh Faisa
Published: July 2023

Dalam makalah ini akan dijelaskan dan disimulasikan mengenai rangkaian buck converter sebagai penstabil tegangan menggunakan software MATLAB. Dimana sumber dari buck converter ini menggunakan panel surya sebesar 50 WP sebanyak 4 buah yang dipasang secara paralel. Keluaran dari buck converter yaitu langsung menuju beban berupa mesin cuci sebesar 12 VDC/200 Watt. Sistem disini menggunakan metode constant voltage. Dimana untuk mencapai tegangan yang konstan ini menggunakan kontrol logika fuzzy. Metode constant voltage ini dipilih dikarenakan metode ini yang paling sesuai dengan karakteristik secara umum. Selain itu juga dengan metode ini akan mengurangi resiko cepat panasnya pada beban selama proses penggunaan. Sehingga, dengan metode ini akan menambah umur beban. Dalam proses simulasi ini akan dilihat nilai tegangan yang dihasilkan selama proses. Pada simulasi juga dapat dilihat pengaruh dari kontrol fuzzy yang menyebabkan tegangan sesuai dengan set point. Hasil dari makalah ini pada sistem power supply dilakukan dengan satu tahapan yaitu untuk memperoleh tegangan konstan sebesar 12 Volt.
PENGATURAN KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 3 FASA MENGGUNAKAN MULTILEVEL INVERTER DENGAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
Authors: Ibrahim Maulana Malik , Abdilla Moch. Rafi Damas , Arsandi Feby Chandra
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is one of the developing countries in the industrial sector. Many industrial equipment that utilizes an electric motor to run the system. In running the system using an electric motor, it is necessary to adjust the speed of the electric motor as needed. The 3-phase induction motor is one type of electric motor that has a strong, inexpensive, and high-efficiency construction, so it is often used in industry. However, setting the speed and torque of an induction motor is not easy to do. Setting the frequency of the induction motor voltage can be done using an inverter, therefore a single phase inverter can be used to adjust the speed of a three phase induction motor. In regulating the speed of the induction motor, a control is needed to keep the speed constant as needed. In this study, a 3-phase induction motor speed regulation system was simulated using an inverter controlled by a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is able to regulate the speed of a 3-phase induction motor with an error of 0.25%
Desain dan Implementasi Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor BLDC Dengan Metode FOC Menggunakan Fuzzy
Authors: Pradhana Rizqi , Rahman Afif Aulia , Qudsi Ony Asrarul , Ferdiansyah Indra
Published: July 2023

Motor BLDC banyak digunakan pada bidang otomotif dan industri. Karena memiliki efisiensi tinggi, torsi besar, dan perawatan mudah. Beberapa sistem penggerak yang menggunakan motor BLDC terkadang membutuhkan kecepatan motor yang konstan. Akan tetapi ketika diberi beban lebih maka kecepatan akan menurun. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu pengaturan kecepatan motor agar kecepatan menjadi konstan walaupun diberi beban. Pada paper ini mengusulkan metode FOC dengan menggunakan fuzzy logic controller untuk menjaga performa dan efisiensi motor untuk penggunaan jangka panjang. Kelebihan dari metode yang diusulkan adalah ripple daya yang kecil dan efisiensi yang tinggi. Sistem ini disimulasikan dengan menggunakan MATLAB dan didapatkan hasil eror yang kecil terhadap setting point. hasil yang didapatkan dengan setting point terendah yakni 500 RPM memiliki eror 1.6 % dengan output kontroller sebesar 515 Rpm. Kenaikan step referensi RPM hingga nominal yakni 6000 RPMKata kunci : Back EMF; hall effect sensor; FOC
PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI AGREGAT KASAR TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK BETON
Authors: Dasar Amry
Published: July 2023

Pertumbuhan industri konstruksi semakin pesat terutama di bidang material, salah satunya penggunaan material beton untuk bahan konstruksi. Gradasi agregat kasar memegang peranan penting untuk menentukan mutu beton yang memiliki kinerja tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi terbaik pada variasi pencampuran dua jenis ukuran agregat kasar terhadap sifat mekanik beton yaitu kuat tekan beton dan kuat belah beton. Variasi agregat kasar pada campuran beton yang digunakan yaitu ukuran 0,5-1 cm dan 1-2 cm dengan perbandingan 100% : 0%, 70% : 30%, 60% : 40%, 50% : 50%, 40% : 60%, 30% : 70% dan 0% :100%. Faktor Air Semen (FAS) yang digunakan yaitu 0.4. Sebanyak 63 benda uji silinder dengan diameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm digunakan pada penelitian ini. Pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 7 hari dan 28 hari sedangkan pengujian kuat belah beton dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Hasil penelitian didapatkan proporsi terbaik variasi ukuran agregat kasar yaitu kombinasi ukuran 0,5-1 cm 50%  dan ukuran 1-2 cm 50% (A50B50) dengan kuat tekan pada umur 28 hari sebesar 45,17 Mpa dengan peningkatan kuat tekan sebesar 21,7% dan 37,44% terhadap benda uji masing-masing A100B0 dan A0B100.
The Effectiveness of Reciprocal Teaching Method on Students’ Reading Comprehension in Descriptive Text
Authors: Abrori Alfina , Hifdil Islam Muhammad , Hamdani Beny
Published: July 2023

This research aims to investigate whether the students who are taught reading in  descriptive text through Reciprocal Teaching Method achieve better in reading ability than those who are taught through Conventional Teaching Method and to explain about the advantages that students will get when using Reciprocal Teaching Method in improving students’ reading comprehension . The design of this study was quasi experimental, control class, pretest-posttest because it was conducted in two classrooms. The subjects of the study are tenth grade high school students consisting of 28 students in MAN 2 Probolinggo. They are divided into two classes, namely control class consists of 14 students and experimental class consists of 14 students. The data analysis used Independent T-Test. Based on the result of the calculation of post-test from experimental and control groups, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The result of the study shows that the use of the Reciprocal Teaching Method can improve the students’ reading ability. The Reciprocal Teaching Method gives the students more advantages in improving reading skills compared to Conventional Teaching Method. It proves the hypothesis of the study that students who are taught reading through the Reciprocal Teaching method achieve better in reading ability than those who are taught through Conventional Teaching Method. With the advantages gained from the Reciprocal Teaching Method, students can easily to understand and improve their reading ability. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the Reciprocal Teaching Method can be used as an alternative method to teach reading, so that the students are able to understand the texts comprehensively. It also makes the students more active in the teaching learning process and can improve their ability as well.
Assessment of English Language Teaching for 21st Century: Teachers’ Perspectives on Traditional and Alternative Assessment
Authors: Fadilah Rahmi , Ayudhia Honesty Yonanda , Chairani Vici Syahril , Afni Fauza
Published: July 2023

There is a debatable issue about the use of traditional and alternative assessment in ELT in the 21st century. The issue comes from the effectiveness of using traditional and alternative assessment to help teacher to assess the students in classroom situations in ELT. The problem is the teachers do not have better perspective in the challenges of assessment of ELT in the 21st century through alternative assessment or using both traditional and alternative assessment in classroom situation. That problem makes the use of assessment is not really effective to assess specific skill (listening, reading, writing, and speaking) of the students. This study aims, therefore, to investigate teachers’ perspective on the use of traditional and alternative assessment in ELT. The methodology of the research is using survey research with fifty English teachers as samples of this research. The data was collected by using questionnaire combine with open-ended questions relate with teachers’ perspective on traditional and alternative assessment. The results show that many teachers are really comfort with traditional assessment rather than alternative assessment since they claimed that traditional assessment is easier and more familiar to conduct in classroom situation. However, those perspectives have to be changed, the teacher should use both traditional and alternative assessment based on appropriate purposes and skills because there are challenges in assessment of ELT in 21st century to make the assessment process become more effective to improve students’ performance in English. It will be helpful by knowing the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional and alternative assessment in classroom situation to help the teacher to use them balance in the teaching and learning process.
Previous Cesarean Section and the Risk of Preeclampsia: A Meta-analysis
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman ,   Assistant Professor, School of Health, Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, Aghababaei Soodabeh ,   Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication with the multisystem variable disorder. Yet, the literature has not been systematically reviewed for the relationship between previous cesarean section and the risk of preeclampsia. Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationship between previous cesarean delivery and the risk of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences were searched to identify eligible observational studies until May 25, 2019. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as random effect estimates of association among studies. The quality of the included studies was examined based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: This study included 7 eligible articles (2 studies with a case-control design, 4 with a cohort design, and 1 with a cross-sectional design). The meta-analysis results showed an increased risk of preeclampsia in the women with previous cesarean section compared to women without cesarean section (OR=1.28, 95% CI, 1.15%-1.41%, P=0.001), I2=37.2%. The quality of all studies except one study was high based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The subgroup analysis was conducted based on the adjusted form of studies. The crude and adjusted studies were 1.29 (95% CI, 0.13%-2.46%, P=0.2) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.22%-1.36%, P=0.001), respectively. Conclusion: These findings showed that previous cesarean section is a risk factor for preeclampsia. Therefore, education programs and interventions should be considered to reduce elective cesarean section on maternal requests.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Midwives Concerning the Interpretation and Use of Cardiotocographs in Jordan
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Al Karak, Jordan., Alsaraireh Arwa , Yehia Dalal ,   Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, Khalaf Atika ,   College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Published: July 2023

Introduction: A midwife needs to know how to assess fetal heart rates, recognize and interpret fetal heart patterns, report any substandard patterns, and initiate supportive measures as necessary. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of midwives concerning the interpretation and use of cardiotocographs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involves 183 midwives working in maternity units across all Jordanian regions. An online survey was used to collect data, including 6 demographic questions, 10 questions about knowledge, and 25 questions about attitude. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean±SD, No. [%]), ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation tests. The significance level was set to be <0.05. Results: Most participants were 21 to 30 years old, and most midwives (59.6%) had no more than six years of experience. The result showed that the total scores for the knowledge and attitude regarding cardiotocographs (CTGs) interpretation and usage were 68.7% and 73.0%, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the knowledge about the interpretation and use of CTGs and the years of experience (P=0.003), with higher knowledge scores among midwives with fewer than 6 years of experience. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of CTGs and level of education (P=0.002), indicating higher knowledge scores among midwives with a degree. The knowledge about classifying the CTG traces was significantly correlated with the region of work (P=0.018), with higher scores among midwives from the southern region. Finally, there was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.007, P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the study result, the participant’s knowledge and attitudes are not satisfactory; thus, comprehensive education and training should be prioritized to improve midwives’ knowledge and attitudes toward using cardiotocograph.
Midwives' Views on Virginity Testing: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors:   Ph.D Candidate of Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Naghizadeh Somayyeh , Robatjazi Mehri ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University Pishva-Varamin Branch, Tehran, Iran, Abbasi Mahmoud ,   Associate Professor, Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Mohammadi Azam ,   Ph.D Candidate of Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Several cultural and social factors have influenced virginity testing as a medical procedure. This procedure is performed, but sometimes there is no scientific reason to perform it. Objective: This study investigated the views of midwives working in Tabriz, Iran, about virginity testing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 midwives using the sociodemographic and a researcher-made questionnaire to assess midwives’ views on virginity testing. The samples were selected by random sampling among midwives working in Tabriz City, Iran. The Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and midwives’ views on virginity testing. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 35.25±8.9 years. The overall score of the midwives’ view on virginity testing was 206.98, of an attainable range from 55 to 275. There was a significant relationship between the overall score of midwives’ views on virginity testing with the variables of age (P=0.033), education level (P=0.001), ethnicity (P=0.012), place of residence (P=0.001), and place of employment (P=0.001). Most midwives (56.2%) believe virginity testing has no therapeutic value and prevention of problems and should not be done, and 59.1% opposed virginity testing motivated by a man’s right to impose a healthy virginity condition on marriage. Most participants (81.9%) agreed to perform virginity testing to investigate rape and sexual abuse. Conclusion: The authorities and the legislators should take the necessary measures to prepare the regulations and provide appropriate training to this group.
PDTA per la diagnosi e il trattamento in Regione Lombardia dell'infezione da HCV nelle carceri e nei SerD
Authors: Riglietta Marco , Chiesa Alberto , Cocca Giorgia , Ranieri Roberto , Zilio Valeria , UO Dipendenze Regione Lombardia Gruppo di Lavoro Coordinamento
Published: July 2023

Nell'articolo viene presentato il documento conclusivo del gruppo di lavoro che ha visto gli autori coordinare il gruppo di lavoro costituito da tutti i direttori/responsabili delle UO dipendenze di Regione Lombardia. Il prodotto conclusivo declina il Percorso Diagnsotico, Terapeutico Assistenziale per i consumatori di sostanze che afferiscono ai SerD e per la popolazione detenuta. Nel disegnare il PDTA si sono considerati quattro elementi principali Il percorso ideale rappresentato dal Point of Care che permette diagnosi e cura nei luoghi di accesso dei pazienti favorendo sia l'emersione del dato epidemiologico che il trattamento precoce dell'infezione da HCV. Il contesto epidemiologico variabile in relazione al contesto in cui opera un servizio (area metropolitana, capoluoghi di provincia, aree montane etc.). La prevalenza della popolazione che afferisce ai singoli servizi (consumatori per via endovenosa o per altre vie, persone con consumo di alcol a rischio etc.). I contesti organizzativi valutando l'elemento critico più importante legato alla mancanza di personale dei SerD e della Sanità Penitenziaria. Per questo motivo il PDTA prevede un percorso di base ed uno avanzato e sono applicabili in ogni contesto organizzativo
L'attività di prevenzione primaria e il ruolo svolto dall'assistente sociale del Ser.D.
Authors: Trotta Aurora , Donnoli Donato
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses attention on one of the types of social interventions that see the commitment of the Ser.D. concerning the design and implementation aspects of primary prevention activities aimed at intervening in so-called "health promotion".
SIEFPP 2011-2021: formazione, trasformazioni e spazio politico
Authors: Antonietta Fenu* Maria
Published: July 2023

Il lavoro ripercorre i momenti salienti della Federazione SIEFPP, dalla fondazione sino alla pandemia, evento epocale che ha imposto i collegamenti online come strumenti indispensabili sia per la clinica che per la formazione di psicoterapeuti psicoanalitici. La Federazione, dal 2017, ha pubblicato i lavori dei convegni SIEFPP e ha solidificato i patti di alleanza con le Istituzioni sia private che pubbliche, sino a col-laborare con il Ministero della Salute per il numero verde di Ascolto Psicologico nell'emergenza 2020. Il peso politico acquisito ha così permesso alla Federazione di dialogare attivamente con la Sanità Pubblica, anche se tanto resta da fare per affermare la psicoterapia psicoa-nalitica nelle strutture sanitarie. La riflessione sull'uso della tecnologia nelle relazioni cliniche e nella formazione, rinforza l'interrogativo circa la domanda di cura della società del futuro e sulle aree adeguate su cui formare gli psicoterapeuti. L'autrice ritiene che sarà ormai necessario adattare le competenze psicoanalitiche anche per il Counselling psico-dinamico e i trattamenti brevi a orientamento psicoanalitico.
Sul rinnovamento della psicoanalisi
Authors: Meneguz Giorgio
Published: July 2023

La psicoanalisi non ha mancato di accogliere i contributi teorici prodotti dalle discipline vicine: ciò rappresenta un'apertura al pluralismo concepita come un'opportunità di sviluppo, ma animata tal-volta da dissensi sulle innovazioni teoriche e tecniche. Riaprendo l'annoso problema di quando è necessario abbandonare una vecchia teoria e quando una nuova può essere accettata, vengono chiamati in causa diversi fattori (scientifici, socioculturali, geografici ed economici) per spiegare le ragioni per cui una teoria psicoanalitica risulta vincente nella sfida con altre teorie in un dato periodo storico.
The ecological conversion: an opportunity to overcome the dual crisis of work and employment
Authors: Méda Dominique , Benegiamo Maura
Published: July 2023

The ecological transition may represent both a catastrophe and a great opportunity for employment and work. Accordingly, the idea of a "triple dividend" is sometimes recalled: if properly carried out, the ecological transition could not only make it possible to deal with climate change and threats to biodiversity, but it will also lead to the creation of many useful jobs and make it possible to change the way work is organised. Although associations and unions have these issues in their sights, these remain for the moment insufficiently developed and equipped. In this article, I will first explore the diverse impact of ecological transition processes on employment (1), then move on to explore the actions of trade unions and associations in favour of a just transition (2) and finally discuss how ecological conversion can be an opportunity for new perspectives on changing work to emerge (3). I will particularly focus on the France case which, in turn, can be extended to other contexts. ?
Just transition and welfare states: a largely unexplored relation
Authors: Galgóczi Béla , Pochet Philippe
Published: July 2023

Climate emergency has been recognised as a top policy priority by more and more policy-makers and the restructuring process it entails is seen as the main challenge of the coming decades. The welfare state that emerged in the context of a fossil fuel-based extractive economic model, based on a belief in sustained growth, cannot remain unaffected by the ongoing transition to a net-zero economy (Gough et al., 2008). Possible linkages between the welfare state and climate and environmental issues largely remain unexplored and until very recently discussion of social welfare systems in Europe has been disconnected from ecological concerns and policies and as well from the just transition narrative that took a prominent role in shaping the social dimension of climate policies. Both on the other hand assume continuing economic growth. This article aims to present a broad mapping of the current debates mainly at EU level, highlighting possible alternative directions (from green growth to sustainable welfare; from technology to behavioural changes). It proceeds through selected literature reviews offering a dialogue between different perspectives and opening successive routes of questioning. It also highlights the current limitations in the analysis of the role and the shape of welfare states in tackling environmental challenges and labour market transitions.
Ecoprecarity: exploring the nexus between labor and ecological struggles
Authors: Aguiari Irina , Guardigli Federica
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic represented a critical conjuncture for investigating the nexus between ecological and labor struggles. To grasp this nexus, the authors reinterpret the concept of ecoprecarity. Ecoprecarity considers precariousness from an ecosystemic perspective to describe the vulnerabilities of working relations, human existence and ecological balance. The analysis focuses on whether and how ecoprecarity was discursively represented by trade unions and grassroots organizations in labor struggles during the pandemic. Through the observation of two case studies in Italy, the agrifood and logistic sectors, empirical results from a discursive scrutiny show that the contiguity of ecological and labor struggles is seldom present. Yet, ecoprecarity seems to emerge as an effective mobilizing frame when employed as it builds solidaristic connections among different claims.
Un ambientalismo di classe. Il caso GKN
Authors: Andretta Massimiliano , Gabbriellini Francesca , Imperatore Paola
Published: July 2023

Se la chiusura di alcuni stabilimenti industriali, come quello della GKN Driveline di Campi Bisenzio (Firenze), e licenziamenti di massa che ne sono conseguiti sono stati definiti come «la naturale conseguenza della transizione ecologica», una lettura che riproduce la dicotomia tra ambiente e lavoro, la mobilitazione dei lavoratori GKN è riuscita in pochi mesi a ribaltare questo paradigma e articolare un nuovo immaginario in grado di ripensare la transizione ecologica. Avvalendoci di strumenti tipici della ricerca etnografica, in questo articolo cerchiamo di dimostrare che dal piano di conversione industriale elaborato dai lavoratori della GKN insieme ad alcuni accademici solidali, emerge una concezione di transizione giusta che - recuperando una tradizione ecologista operaia spesso dimenticata - mostra la possibilità di una concreta transizione dal basso che metta al centro la voce e il sapere operaio e una creativa integrazione tra fabbrica, accademia e territorio.
From the Basic Treaty to the Peaceful. Revolution: Inner-German Relations 1972-1989
Authors: Wentker Hermann
Published: July 2023

The article gives an overview over the relations between West and East Ger- many between the signing of the Basic Treaty in 1972 and the demise of the German Democratic Republic (Gdr) in the peaceful revolution of 1989. In 1972, the Federal Republic had consented to a de facto recognition of the Gdr but adhered to its constitutional obligation to reunification while the Gdr aimed at recogni- tion by international law from its West German rival. The Federal Government's short-term policy was to make the inner-German border more permeable. To contrast this, the East German leadership tried to delimitate the Gdr from the West by raising the compulsory exchange for visitors in 1973. But the Gdr had objective di?culties to uphold its policy of delimitation. On the one hand, West German economic and political conditions remained points of reference for the East Germans, especially after East-West contacts were enhanced during the Détente. On the other hand, the Gdr became increasingly economically depen- dent on the Federal Republic, especially after the Soviet Union substantially reduced the support in 1981. In the Eighties, it permitted many more inner-Ger- man human contacts than it would have liked. Moreover, the East German le- adership under Erich Honecker in 1983 did not yield to Soviet pressure to in- crease delimitation vis à vis the Federal Republic after the German Bundestag in November 1983 had decided to deploy Inf weapons. Honecker took his visit to West Germany in September 1987 as the final recognition the Gdr. But his triumph was short-lived. From 1987, relations between Moscow and the Frg became more important than those between Moscow and East Berlin. The Gdr was threatened by isolation. In the end it was the Gdr's weakness with regard to economic power, its unwanted political system and the unsolved German question, which led to its defeat in the contest with the Federal Republic.
Comprehensive Study of Industry 4.0 in Robotics for Policy Development
Authors:   De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, Munsayac Francisco Emmanuel Jr., III , Culaba Alvin ,   De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, Bugtai Nilo ,   De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, Abuan Rose Daryl ,   De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines, Kaplan Anthony ,   De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
Published: July 2023

Robotics has advanced greatly in the past years. Modern robots can do complex tasks and are the central components of Industry 4.0. These improvements make robots applicable in a variety of fields like security, exploration, entertainment, agriculture, healthcare and industry. While advancements in robotics come with many advantages, it still faces roadblocks that hinder its development or implementation. To aid in the public acceptance and adoption of robotics in the industry, policy development is critical to minimize the social and economic effects. Several policy recommendations were made such as improved government support, wage insurance, upskilling programs, information dissemination, and robot tax, which would accelerate robotics development, bolster job security, publicize key information, and stabilize taxation.
Any Target Value of LDL-cholesterol before Elective PCI? A study at NICVD on Association of LDL-Cholesterol levels with Myocardial Injury during Elective PCI
Authors: Hasan Md Zahid , Hashem Sabina , Ahmed Mohsin , Haque Md Monsurul , Jahan Jafrin , Kabir Md Khairul , Hosen Md Imam , Shadly Tausif Amim
Published: July 2023

Background: Raised LDL cholesterol has already been established as a strong risk factor the for pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque leading to coronary heart disease. During PCI procedure, many patients develop peri-procedural myocardial injury due to mainly atherosclerotic plaque disruption, side branch occlusion and distal small vessel embolization which subsequently affects the mortality and morbidity of patients.

Objectives: To find out the association of preprocedural LDL cholesterol levels with myocardial injury in elective PCI patients.

Methods: This Cross-sectional observational study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. The sample size was 170. LDL cholesterol and troponin-I were measured before the procedure and troponin I was measured 6 hours after PCI procedure. On the basis of pre-procedural cholesterol level, the study population were categorized into two groups: Group I: patients with normal LDL-C level (£70mg/dl) and Group II :patients with raised LDL-C (>70mg/dl).

Results: Total 54(31.8%) patients developed peri-procedural myocardial injury, among them 15(19.7%) were in normal LDL-C group and 39(41.5%) were in raised LDL-C group. Elevation of troponin I after PCI was higher in group II than group I patients with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that raised LDL-C was an independent predictor of PMI (OR 4.71; 95% CI, 2.072- 10.658; p<0.001). There was positive correlation found between pre-procedural LDL-C and myocardial injury (r=0.44, p<0.001) by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.

Conclusion: Pre-procedural raised LDL-C level was positively and independently associated with myocardial injury after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 70-80