bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of heat-resistant, high-product breeds and hybrids of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori l.)
Authors: Umarov Shavkat , Nasirillaev Bakhtiyar
Published: February 2023

In the current era of highly developed science, technology and technology, the demand for natural fabrics is increasing year by year in the world market, and the world silk industry and science are led to the cultivation of mulberry varieties with high nutritional value and the creation of breeds and hybrids suitable for different seasons of the changing external environment. In recent years, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the practice of rearing mulberry silkworms several times a year has been used. However, there are no breeds and hybrids suitable for the hot summer conditions of our country, based on this, scientific research has been started in the direction of creating heat-resistant breeds at the Silk Research Institute. In this article, the results of the breeding of 6 breeds and 4 different industrial hybrids of mulberry silkworm under hot conditions are described. Based on preliminary data, Line 1 and Line 2 systems were found to have high embryonic and post-embryonic viability under hot summer conditions. However, the average cocoon weight of these systems was 1.68-1.73 g, cocoon shell weight was 339 mg, and cocoon silkiness was 19.6-20.2%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that Line 1 and Line 2 systems can be used as initial selection material for creating heat resistant breeds.
Phytophages and their entomophagous species found in forest biocenosis
Authors: Jumaev Rasul , Esanbaev Shamsi
Published: February 2023

In this article, species-compositions of pests found in velvet forest biocenosis have been identified, of which 48 species have seen more phytophages than others. In this, it turned out that the most affected forest trees are apples, pistachios, walnuts, almonds, Hawthorn, zhiyda. 23 species of parasites-entomophages belonging to 7 families have been identified that effectively control the number of these phytophages. During the studies, 1,180 butterflies, 6,510 eggs, 1,040 worms of different ages were collected and systematic analyzes were carried out in Forest agrobiosenosis from representatives of the genus tangachaganotli (Lepidoptera) from forest trees. 22 types of phytophages have been found to be more common than others. In this, it was known that the most affected forest trees are apples, pistachios, walnuts, almonds, Hawthorn, and nephews. In observations, it was known that in Forest agrobiosenosis, types of pests are more common than in other agricultural crops.
Development of a method for obtaining import-substituting greases based on regenerated synthetic motor oils of Uzbekistan
Authors: Arslanov Sh. , Turabdjanov S. , Azimov D. , Azimova Sh. , Sultanov K. , Sultankhojaeva N.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of using used engine oils as a dispersion medium for plastic lubricants. It has been established that the removal of resins, carbenes, carbides and asphaltenes from used synthetic motor oils makes it possible to obtain an oil base close to commercial base oils in terms of basic characteristics; refined oils also have a high margin of operational properties. The composition of lubricants for analogues of Lithol-24 and Solid oil-Zh based on refined used engine oils has been determined. Anticorrosive, adhesive and strength properties of lubricant compositions are considered.
Long-term forecast of flow dynamics of Chirchik basin
Authors: Gafforov Khusen , Ungalov Akmal , Samiev Lukmon , Baxronova Shakhnoza , Olimjonov Nodir , Bektashov Bekhroz
Published: February 2023

Global climate change is undoubtedly one of the main threats to the world community among existing environmental problems. This problem has a particularly severe impact on water resources. Changes in hydrological processes or flows in river basins directly or indirectly affect the dynamics of changes in gross domestic product (GDP) in this region. Chirchik basin provides about 16% of GDP of the republic, and more than 70% of water resources are used for irrigation of crops [1-5]. For this reason, any factors affecting hydrological processes and flow dynamics in the river basin, especially climate change, immediately affect all aspects of life in the region, including the social level of society and economic stability. Assessing the impact of climate differences on river basin flow dynamics is important for ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity for river basins in the future, as well as reducing the ecological and environmental impacts of climate change. This situation calls for urgent and concerted action in several areas: technology, infrastructure, politics, economy, ecology and environmental protection. The article assessed the impact of changes in precipitation intensity on stream dynamics based on the Global Circulation Model (GCM) coordination scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the years 2030, 2050 and 2070 using the delta approach method. The results of the study provided strong evidence for changes in stream dynamics in the Chirchik basin for the near and far future.
Study of radical polymerization of diallyl monomer based on allyl bromide and piperidine
Authors: Safaev U.A. , Khodjaev Sh.F. , Ziyaeva M.A.
Published: February 2023

In this article, kinetic feature of N, N-diallylpiperidine bromide radical polymerization is investigated. Orders of reaction are determined by the monomer and by the initiator. Essential value in this regard acquire investigation of implementation mechanism on elementary acts of radical polymerization N-alkyl - N, N-diallylamines and their proton salts at initial extents of transformation in water and water-organic solutions. Specific cyclolinear polymerization of diallyl monomers salt allows excluding the act degraded transfer of the chain on monomer and gives the chance of receiving polymers with high molecular weight. Data of kinetic researches testify the lack of degradation inherent chain transfer. It is noted that polymerization rate decreases while adding monomer ethanol to water solution. NMR 13C-spectroscopic researches of the polymers received by radical polymerization of N, N-diallylpiperidine bromide testifies the existence in chains of macromolecules as to five - (48%), and six-membered cycles (52%) which are calculated from a ratio of intensity of signals of the corresponding carbon atoms. The combination of polymeric, surface active and electrolytic properties of the synthesized polymer leads to the new qualitative state possessing a number of specific features shown in conformational and electrochemical behavior of polymer solution. Finding these properties will cause assessment opportunities of synthesized polymer usage as cationic flocculants, coagulants, precipitators and other purposes. Therefore, as distinct from anion and nonionic flocculants, cationic flocculants show high efficiency on application of them for extraction of organic and colloidal pollution and sedimentation of the weighed particles. Besides big advantage of cationic flocculants is the absence of their corrosion action on metals.
Effect of organic fertilizers in growing alfalfa for seed and forage
Authors: Charshanbiyev Umurzok
Published: February 2023

To have a high yield of alfalfa planted in autumn, it is necessary to ensure that the seeds germinate in a short period of time, and to create optimal conditions for the rapid growth of sprouts. Then the alfalfa grows up to 30 cm, takes root well, and becomes strong until the frost days. Until recently, low-yielding local varieties were planted in our republic, but now, as a result of scientific research in the field of alfalfa, a number of high-yielding, protein-rich, alfalfa varieties suitable for the conditions of each region have been established in comparison to local varieties. adapted varieties have been created. Alfalfa has a great agrotechnical and amelioration value, it is a good predecessor of most crops. The experiment consists of five variants and four iterations. During the experiment autumn was selected as a plantim time, and besides, 16kg/ha of seeds were sown in the field, where fertilizers at different level were applied in the various variant. The results showed that the highest yield was in the variants with Sila Silicon, accounted for 89-101.5 q/ha additional crop yield.
Ecolinguistic sustainability of Spanglish and Chinglish communities
Authors: Semenova Marina
Published: February 2023

Spanglish and Chinglish as two most popular ‘Glishes’ have developed to a phase when we can seriously consider their sustainability issue, which provides an extensive and stable use of various loinguistic mechanisms built into thier language structure. The paper aims at analizing such trsnalingual mechanisms and corresponding code-switching functions from the perspaectuve of ecolinguistics. The research is base on two corpora of Spanglish and Chinese code-switches, which are then analyzed applying the methods of linguistic, componential, distribution and statistical analysis. Both epistemologically and deductively the paper demonstrates the two most vivid categories of code-switches both in Spanglish and Chinese: stylistic play of words based mainly on semantic borrowing, and translingual allusions and idioms used in Twitter messages over the period between 2017 and 2022. The study shows a certain correlation across the ‘Glishes’ as well as a degree of fluctuation in the corpora-based statistical data. This might involve a different sustainability weight of Spanglish and Chinglish in globalized communities. The paper concludes that the ecolinguistic monitoring of translingual communities is vitally important as we witness an influence redistribution process on the global scale.
System-Dynamic simulation of the Cholera spread
Authors: Baturina Natalia , Anisimova Galina
Published: February 2023

One of the frequently used modern epidemiological methods is the simulation of disease spread. We used AnyLogic simulation. System-dynamic model is presented here. It may be used for strategic modelling of the epidemiological situation and reflects the global trends. During the model construction, we take into account the specific cholera features, such as the pathways of infection transmission, the course duration and the duration of the incubation (latent) period, the possibility of vaccination, etc. Different cholera strains correspond to different parameter values. Anylogic makes it possible to visualize the epidemic spread in movement at various values of the model parameters and it looks like cartoon. It also gives the possibility to select and clarify the parameter values. For convenience, when building the model, we used sliders. They help in the selection of parameters to change quickly the values of the model parameters, including the effect of vaccination on the process of the disease spread. We were able to compare the results obtained by simulating the disease spread with specific data on real cholera spread. Our results of the study indicate that the used model can be effectively applied for forecasting. By analyzing the results of modeling with varying parameters, it is possible to predict the dynamics of the cholera spread.
Dynamic effects of vehicle traffic on a highway in the slope vicinity
Authors: Panasiuk Leonid , Tyurina Vasilina
Published: February 2023

This article develops the modeling of dynamic effects arising from vehicle traffic on a sloped road. The object of study is landslide slopes under the dynamic impact of mobile transport. The problem is solved using explicit absolutely stable direct integration schemes for the structural dynamics problem, taking into account the movement of massive loads. The paper considers various types of cars moving in a certain range of speeds. The speed of movement varied with a step of 10 km/h. The position of cars on different lanes of the road is considered. The heterogeneity of physical and mechanical parameters in the volume of the slope is specified in the parameters of the finite elements of the model (volume tetrahedra are used).This paper presents the results of vertical oscillations of points of one cross section of the slope. The results are presented in the form of graphs of oscillations of various points of the section, and graphs summarizing the results.
Innovation as a strategic direction for increasing the economic efficiency of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Pudeyan Lyubov , Zaporozceva Elena , Medvedskaya Tatiana
Published: February 2023

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the processes of innovatization and informatization of the agro-industrial complex. Critical review of publications of academic and business circles and identification of strategic directions of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex; formation of a statistical database and quantitative analysis of indicators of innovative development and digital maturity of the agro-industrial complex; identification of key milestones in the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of ongoing digital reforms. In the process of writing a scientific article, general scientific (observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning) and specifically scientific (static analysis, expert assessments, graphical method) methods of scientific cognition were used. The main directions of innovation and digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are: the development of precision agriculture, the formation of a network of smart farms and greenhouse complexes, the implementation of the federal program of technological cooperation of the agro-industrial complex and the IT sphere "Industrial FoodNet". The main obstacles to the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex are: the dominance of state financing of projects in the field of digital reform; lack of educational programs in the field of cooperation of the agroindustry and IT; insufficient dissemination of ideas and requirements of responsible business policy, expressed in the adoption and compliance with ESG principles; internal resistance of agribusiness management to deep reforms due to the fear of disclosure of trade secrets and the need for admission of partners from the IT sphere to sensitive economic information.
Adaptation of students to interaction in the digital environment as a factor of sustainable educational and professional behavior
Authors: Scherbakova Tatyana , Misirov Dinamutdin , Loseva Irina , Gshiyants Roman , Tamaskhanova Khava
Published: February 2023

The article presents a characteristic of the features of students' adaptation in educational and professional interaction in a digital environment. The factors of successful adaptation of students, the role of ideas and subjective control in this process are shown. An analysis of the features of manifestations of subjective control among students in the process of interaction is given. The introduction presents an analytical review of research on the problem of students' adaptation to interaction in the context of digitalization, systematizes and typifies the main groups of factors that motivate students' effective activity in educational and professional interaction. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of technical students' ideas about the determinants of successful adaptation in the digital environment. The study used questionnaire methods, a subjective control test (SCT). The article describes the main results of studying the perceptions and qualities of students that contribute to successful adaptation to educational and professional interaction in a digital environment.
Clusters as ecosystems: current trends and challenges, areas for prospective development of clusters in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Ivanova Elena
Published: February 2023

An integrated approach is applied in the study to define the concept of ecosystems and features of their development in current conditions. Three groups of ecosystems are identified and a number of their types are defined, including industrial, agro-industrial, agrarian, entrepreneurial, social, innovative, national, university, regional, corporate, sectoral and business systems. The understanding of clusters as a transitional form of ecosystems is grounded, the author’s classification of them is proposed. The concept of a cluster is connected, first of all, with the phenomenon of spatial economy, therefore, the essential characteristics of spatial economy are defined in the paper. The systematization of the viewpoints of various scholars is presented along with the author’s approach to the classification of clusters according to different criteria. The problematic field of creation and development of innovative clusters in the field of agriculture is presented. The list of participants of innovative clusters in the agro-industrial complex and the system of relations between them in various functional areas are studied, and also promising trends in terms of digital economy are substantiated.
State policy of Russia in the field of transition to an innovative economy in agribusiness
Authors: Skvortsova Tatyana , Pratsko Gennady , Isakova Yulia , Marchenko Ekaterina
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to analyse the state policy of Russia in the field of transition to an innovative economy in agribusiness. The achievement of the goal set by the authors is carried out as a result of the study of the provisions of regulatory and program documents that establish the foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the scientific, technical and innovative sphere and in the field of agriculture. In conducting the research, the authors used systematic and structural-functional methods of scientific cognition, the method of interpretation of legal norms, as well as the logical method. As a result of the consideration of various directions of state policy in the field of transition to an innovative economy in the field of agribusiness, the authors draw conclusions about the need to take a number of measures aimed at increasing the innovative activity of agricultural organisations, in particular measures of tax incentives in some areas of innovative agricultural production. According to the authors, the proposed measures of state stimulation of innovative activity in agriculture will positively affect the dynamics of the agricultural products market and the agro-industrial sector of the Russian economy.
Staffing of tourist and excursion services for event events in rural areas of the Rostov region
Authors: Dudkina Olga , Petrenko Antonina
Published: February 2023

The study examines the aspects of providing event industry organizations with personnel for the development of event tourism, including for tourist and excursion services for events held in rural areas of the Rostov region. Currently, there is an obvious need to activate students in terms of obtaining practical skills directly in the process of holding event events. The authors noted the main directions of the problem under discussion, as well as some ways to solve it.
Results of hypoporosis prevention in farm birds
Authors: Kapitonova Elena , Kochish Ivan , Vlasenko Elena , Glaskovich Mariya , Nikonov Ilia
Published: February 2023

Various feed additives are used to increase productivity in poultry farming. The purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of the developed and patented mineral feed additive “Cu-Active” for the prevention of hypocuporosis, increasing the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. The research work was carried out in the laboratories of the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and at the enterprise of ОАО “Poultry Farm “Rassvet”. It has been established that the patented mineral feed additive “Cu-Active” is not toxic for the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis and has an adsorption activity against sanitary-indicatory microorganisms (the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) at a level of 10.8 mg/g. The experimental poultry meat is of good quality according to organoleptic indices. The resulting carcasses meet the requirements of Grade I. Carcass yield - 71.0%. Saturation of the body with copper contributed to an increase in the natural resistance of the experimental poultry, a decrease in endogenous intoxication and the intensity of natural blood serum fluorescence, and, consequently, the normalization of the liver tissue functional activity. The introduction of a patented additive to compound feed for broiler chickens on the poultry farm contributes to an increase in average daily gains – by 1.9%, ensuring the poultry safety by at least 96.6% and reducing feed consumption by 4.1%. The level of profitability of poultry meat production increases by 0.51%. We recommend introducing the patented additive “Cu-Active” into compound feed for poultry in order to prevent microelementoses, hypocuporosis in particular, at a dose of 0.005%.
Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the epizootic process in salmonellosis in farm animals
Authors: Litvinova Zoya , Mandro Nikolai
Published: February 2023

Salmonellosis is widespread in the world, including in Russia. Current preventive do not allow eliminating the disease completely. Successful implementation of measures to control salmonellosis is possible only when taking into account the peculiarities of the manifestation of the epizootic process in relation to certain natural, climatic and socio-economic conditions. It is advisable to use factor analysis to establish the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the epizootic process. Factor analysis made it possible to establish a significant interaction between primary and secondary actuating conditions for the development of the disease. These factors were combined with the cyclical manifestation of the epizootic process. Factor analysis made it possible to establish that with an increase in the loading of parameters, the intensity of the epizootic process will rise. At average annual temperatures (-0.33°C - 1.78°C) and annual precipitation (446 mm - 628 mm), in areas with a higher than average level of livestock of animals, the incidence of cattle is likely to be up to 0.11%; the incidence of pigs – up to 1.39%; the incidence of birds – up to 0.06%. The established probabilistic forecast encourages the adoption of effective measures for the prevention of salmonellosis in farm animals.
Competitiveness of triticale among spring crops of the Amur region
Authors: Muratov Alexey , Epifantsev Viktor , Tikhonchuk Pavel
Published: February 2023

The need for research is due to the growing demand for fodder grain in the domestic consumer market and the instability of the gross yields of traditional spring crops in the region. The goal is to establish the competitive ability of triticale varieties according to the main production and economic characteristics in various zones of the region, relative to traditional spring crops. The experiments were carried out in 2012–2014 on experimental plots of zonal State Variety Testing Plot of the Amur region. During the growing season of grain crops, meteorological conditions differed from long-term readings. The triticale varieties Grebeshok, Karmen, Rovnya, Ukro and Yarilo were studied. The standards in the experiment were the wheat variety Aryuna, the barley variety Acha and the oat variety Altayskiy large-grained. In the conditions of the region, the longest growing season for wheat is 76 days, and the shortest growing season for barley is 69 days. In varieties of spring triticale, the period from germination to the economic maturity of grain is 1–2 days shorter, or the same as for wheat. The most productive crop is oats – 3.0 t/ha. Wheat yields to oats by 0.5 t/ha or 16.7%, barley yields to oats by 0.45 t/ha or 15%. In the southern zone, the yield of triticale varieties is 0.64–0.87 t/ha higher, in the central zone it is 0.37–0.61 t/ha less, and in the northern zone it is 0.17–0.46 t/ha less than the average regional values.
Monitoring and evaluation of the passage of high water and floods in 2018 in the Amur region
Authors: Molchanova Tatyana , Shelkovkina Natalya , Grebenshchikova Elena , Bibik Irina , Lylyk Svetlana , Gorbacheva Natalya , Rozovik Aleksey
Published: February 2023

The Amur Region has significant water resources, which are characterized by a pronounced rise in water levels during the spring flood, significant rises and falls in the summer-autumn period. The hydrological regime of the region's water basin requires competent interaction with the operational services of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, with the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Natural Resources, the Federal Service for Supervision in the protection of consumer rights and human well-being, with the executive authorities of the Amur Region and local governments, as well as the correct forecasting of the development of floods in the basins of the main rivers, the forecast of the timing of their opening, as well as the preparation of planned preventive and preventive anti-flood measures, allows minimizing the negative impact of water from high water and floods. Raid activities were carried out to examine possible sources of pollution and economic facilities located in water protection zones and zones of predicted flooding, which may have a negative impact on the quality of water resources.
Pandemic and sanctions as risk factors for the sustainable development of transport systems
Authors: Kataeva Natalia , Sysolyatin Alexey , Starkova Darya , Ivashchenko Andrey
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes approaches to determining external factors affecting the transport industry, as well as the degree of influence of the most significant factors, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and sanctions pressure, on passenger traffic. The development of the transport industry is influenced by various factors, both global and internal. At the same time, it can be noted that there is a correlation between these groups of factors, which makes it possible to weaken the negative pressure of one group of influence factors by strengthening the other group. Based on the application of monographic, economic-mathematical, statistical and expert methods, the indicators characterizing the transport industry are analyzed. The growth rates of indicators are calculated: passenger traffic, passenger capacity, passenger traffic growth index. The influence of external factors (pandemic and sanctions) on passenger transportation was determined using passenger traffic indicators and the passenger traffic growth index. It is concluded that the pandemic and sanctions have significantly affected the dynamics of passenger transportation and the transport industry as a whole. Moreover, the degree of influence of each of these factors is different. Using the example of air transportation, the global and Russian trends of the pandemic's impact on passenger traffic are determined.
Contemporary geotechnical solutions for bases and foundations of emergency-deformed buildings-monuments on weak soils
Authors: Osokin Anatoliy , Kalach Filipp , Nozdrya Vladimir , Isaev Venjamin
Published: February 2023

The tasks of strengthening the foundations of emergency deformed buildings and fixing the soil in their base during restoration and restoration work require engineering solutions that allow combining an increase in the bearing capacity of the base and the exclusion of the de-velopment of uneven deformations of the reinforced building. Such solutions are possible when using injection methods and the device of drilling-injection piles. The modern material for fixing the soils of emergency-deformed buildings is micro-cement Ultracement-5M and Polygel AFM-K3, which allow excluding the technological impact on the structures of the foundations of rein-forced buildings. The article presents the experience of strengthening the foundations of histori-cal buildings and monument buildings, as well as analyzes the accumulated experience in per-forming preventive strengthening of the foundation soils as protective measures in the presence of pits and underground structures under construction near buildings.
Influence of the macrostructure on the physic-mechanical and heat-protective characteristics of porous gypsum concrete
Authors: Kolesnikova Lyudmila , Mokrova Marina , Letenko Dmitrii , Kostrikin Maxim , Morozov Valeriy , Matveeva Larisa
Published: February 2023

The work is devoted to the study of the characteristics of porous gypsum concretes obtained by the methods of foaming and gas formation using an acid blowing agent. Modification of the structure of gypsum stone makes it possible to obtain materials with high strength and good heat and sound insulation characteristics. The characteristics of the durability of the material largely depend on the type of pore structure, and the creation of the required pore structure can be carried out by various methods, among which the most studied and effective are foaming, which involves the introduction of gypsum dough into a pre-prepared foam and gas formation initiated by introducing gas-forming agents into the mixture at the stage mixing. In the work, samples of foam-gypsum and gas-gypsum were made, their strength characteristics and their thermal conductivity were evaluated. Using the method of optical microscopy, a comparative assessment of the macrostructure of cellular gypsum concretes and its comparison with gypsum stone was made. Using an electronic microscope, the microstructures of gas gypsum and foam gypsum were studied at x20, x100 and x500 magnifications. Fundamental differences in the resulting structures are established. From the array of data obtained, the most effective compositions were selected, proving the prospects for the development of porous gypsum materials. Based on the analysis and generalization of the obtained experimental data, recommendations are given on the use of the obtained compositions of porous gypsum concretes in civil engineering.
Changes in temperature regime of soil in cryolithozone considering climate warming
Authors: Ilyichev Vyacheslav , Nikiforova Nadezhda , Konnov Artem
Published: February 2023

The current climate change in Russia is characterized as continuing warming. There is an increase of the deformity and accident rate for buildings located in the cryolithozone. It is necessary to identify regions that in the future will be most susceptible to the permafrost degradation and associated risks for existing buildings and structures, which require considering climate warming in the forecast estimates. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate warming on the temperature regime of the soils of the Norilsk district. Numerical modeling of the temperature variation of soil considering air temperature increase according to the regional climate model of the Voeikov MGO on 60 years showed temperature rise of permafrost, lowering its top and increasing the thickness of the seasonally thawed layer. The warming of the climate in the area will have a significant impact on the temperature regime of the soil and will lead to a violation of the operational suitability of existing buildings and structures. In the Norilsk region climate warming should be regarded as a significant accident occurrence factor, which should be considered when calculating the bases in the cryolithozone for the entire period of construction and operation of facilities.
Analysis of the state of the air environment in the underground parking
Authors: Datciuk Tamara , Vasil’ev Vladimir , Ulyasheva Vera
Published: February 2023

Preserving the ecological comfort of the urban environment forces architects to look for compromise solutions. One of them is the development of underground urbanism not only for transport infrastructures, but also for public buildings. In this case, environmental issues are relevant. The air quality in underground parking lots and in the adjacent area must comply with environmental standards. Underground parking lots are local sources of pollution. Therefore, during the construction of parking lots, design solutions should be carefully analyzed, especially ventilation issues. An effective method is mathematical modeling. The article considers the use of numerical simulation for the organization of ventilation using jet ventilation. The results of numerical simulation of a system of differential equations describing the processes of heat and mass transfer using a modern system of jet ventilation are presented. The use of jet fans makes it possible to ensure the permissible concentration of CO in the exhaust shafts. It is substantiated that the choice of locations for jet fans should be based on the analysis of velocity fields and concentrations of harmful substances. The article considers the features of jet ventilation in underground car parkings. The results of a numerical simulation of a system of differential equations describing heat and mass transfer processes using a modern jet ventilation system are presented using the example of an underground parking.
Initial data for Hardening Soil model
Authors: Konyushkov Vladimir , Penkov Daniil , Fedorenko Evgeniy
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, civil engineering makes high demands on numeral modelling in geotechnical engineering, notably, to ensure reliability of a structure at minimum cost. Using of codes and standards supported with numerical calculations and soil constitutive models makes the design satisfying this requirement possible. But no matter how complex the model is its fidelity depends on input data. The article describes a method for determining the main characteristics of the Hardening Soil model (including calculating the power parameter m and reducing the deformation characteristics of the soil to the recommended value of the reference pressure). A comparison of two approaches was made: using a table of physical and mechanical characteristics; and the approach based on the analysis of the results of laboratory tests in accordance with the methodology given in the article and further verification of the obtained parameters. The result of the comparison was the complete inconsistency of the first approach for assigning the parameters of the nonlinear soil model and the need to refer to the test protocols was confirmed.
Methodology for calculating the settlement of pile-raft foundations and foundations strengthened with piles
Authors: Kravchenko Pavel , Paramonov Maxim , Slivets Konstantin , Metelkin Sergey
Published: February 2023

In the case of using pile technology in the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures, the issue of assessing the settlement of foundations arises quite sharp-ly. Modern regulatory documents do not reflect reliable methods for calculating the settlement of pile-raft foundations, especially if short piles are used (with a pile length of 3-10 m). The ar-ticle provides a calculation methodology that makes it possible to assess the settlement of foundations, taking into account the distribution of loads between the piles and the raft (strengthened foundation), not only for cases of pile-raft foundations with a low raft, but also for cases of strengthening existing foundations with piles. The proposed technique allows the use of standard (including those reflected in the normative documentation) methods for calcu-lating the settlement, resulting in deformations close to the real ones.
Combined soil foundation analysis based on ultimate limit state
Authors: Matvienko Maxim , Dyba Vladimir , Matvienko Julia
Published: February 2023

The paper defines an updated method for “soil – reinforced concrete foundation” calculation that takes into account their mutual interaction. In this method, both the foundation structure and the footing structure are represented by a rigid-plastic model, which makes it possible to determine the bearing capacity of the system. This method eliminates the possibility of destruction of the reinforced concrete foundation from punching to the exhaustion of its bearing capacity. It further presents the results of the test conducted by the authors at Novocherkassk School for Soil Mechanics Research to validate the theoretical calculations attained with the use of the proposed method, as well as the results of tray testing of reinforced concrete foundation models. The calculation of the bearing capacity by the modernized method gives values close to the results of experimental studies. The authors discuss the challenge of determining the strength of sand base, which is known to affect the calculation of load-bearing capacity, and further propose a solution that uses piecewise linear limit line of shear strength of soil and has been developed in an attempt to increase the accuracy of calculations.
Vibration monitoring as a method for assessing the pile driving-induced impact in restrained urban conditions
Authors: Lukpanov Rauan , Tsigulyov Denis , Yenkebayev Serik , Zhantlessova Zhibek
Published: February 2023

Vibration can cause damage to the building structure, reducing its operational reliability: reducing stability, impairing the load-bearing capacity of slabs and also causing cracks. To prevent the above causes, the vibration loads acting both on the structure as a whole and on its parts should be monitored. This paper discusses the results of a measurement of vibration caused by pile driving in soil and an adjacent housing complex. The aim of the study was to determine the minimum permissible distance from the pile-driving site at which neighbouring buildings would remain unaffected. For the measurements, control points installed at unequal distances from the pile driving location and directly on the building were used to allow observation of the pattern of vibration changes. It is preferable to select vibration measuring points directly on the structure to assess the impact of vibration on the structure. It is recommended that the measurement points are on the side of the structure facing the source of vibration. The actual vibrations in terms of speed, amplitude, acceleration and frequency were recorded during the measurement process. On the basis of the resulting vibration characteristics, damping (absorption) coefficients were determined and the maximum permissible pile-driving distance was then calculated. Measurements of building vibration are carried out in order to compare the results obtained with the specified limit values.
Overview of the Trombe-Michel wall application in concept of an energy-efficient building
Authors: Zubarev Kirill , Zobnina Yulia , Andreeva Peraskovya
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study is to consider different configurations of the Trombe-Michel wall. The researches of various scientists such as A. K. Soloviev, S. Corasaniti, L. Manni, F. Russo, F. Gori, V. V. Bryzgalin, K. N. Klevets have been studied. The construction of the Trombe-Michel wall has been described and compared with the solar wall. Heat fluxes and modifications of ventilation openings have been studied. The dependence of air flows on the configuration of the elements of the Trombe-Michel wall has been analyzed. The use of a passive house in the conditions of a heterogeneous climate in Russia has been considered. A comparative analysis of various passive houses is conducted. Effective methods for assessing the Trombe-Michel wall have been found. The possibility of achieving energy effiency and reducing the load on the systems for maintaining the microclimate of the building premises is described. The method of complex qualimetric assessment using four indicators has been considered.
Study of radiation-thermal damage in white rats
Authors: Gaynutdinov Timur , Idrisov Airat , Vagin Konstantin , Kurbangaleev Yagafar , Zakirova Gulnaz , Ishmukhametov Kamil , Kalimullin Farit , Nizamov Rustam , Guryanova Vanentina , Smolentsev Sergey
Published: February 2023

Currently, despite the improvement of radiation safety measures, there is a risk of increasing frequency of radiation accidents and various disasters accompanied by explosions, fires and emissions of radionuclides. Emergencies (emergencies) of peacetime and wartime, especially accidents at radiation-hazardous facilities, including nuclear power plants, carry the danger not only of irradiation of people, but also at the same time thermal burns, mechanical injuries, chemical poisoning by harmful gorenje products, as well as other lesions. Experimental modeling of acute radiation and burn disease was carried out both separately and in combination. It was found that external total gamma irradiation of white rats at a dose of 7.5 Gy causes severe radiation sickness with characteristic clinical signs and high mortality of irradiated animals. A heat stroke simulation was performed by applying a metal plate heated to 190°C with an exposure time of 5 and 8 seconds. It turned out that the degree of burn depends on the time of contact with the surface of the body: its application within 5 seconds caused a burn of the III-A degree, an 8-second exposure of the IIIB degree, which was confirmed by the timing of formation, rejection of eshar and complete healing of the thermal lesion. The aggravating effect of ionizing radiation on the course and outcome of combined radiation-thermal pathology is demonstrated.
Investigation of the strength of multilayer pavements with internal cracks
Authors: Kamenchukov Aleksey , Ukrainskiy Ilya , Alekseeva Irina , Pavlikov Aleksey
Published: February 2023

In the work, the adequacy of the hypothesis about the influence of internal cracks on the strength of the coating was tested. The authors reviewed and analyzed the methods of bench testing of road surfaces. A program has been developed for testing samples of a two-layer asphalt concrete pavement in the presence and absence of an imitation crack in the lower pavement layer. Samples-cylinders of the coating were made in the laboratory and tested for uniaxial compression and shear, and samples-squirrels in tensile bending, under various temperature conditions, simulating the conditions of operation of the coating on highways. The test results, in general, confirm the adequacy of the hypothesis put forward and do not contradict the generally accepted theory of asphalt concrete strength. Based on the results obtained, a model of a sample reinforced with geosynthetic materials has been developed. The sample with a fractured geogrid showed higher tensile flexural strength parameters. In conclusion, recommendations are given for increasing the crack resistance of the road surface at the stage of repair work.
Creation of a universal housing for a liquid purification filter made of corrosion-resistant steels
Authors: Egorov Vladislav , Vasechkin Мaxim , Davydov Oleg , Naydenko Vladislav , Chertov Evgeniy
Published: February 2023

Scientists from different countries are engaged in the development of new or improvement of existing water purification technologies. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to the development of equipment for water purification and technologies for their manufacture. The article presents a model of a universal filter housing for cleaning liquids from solid particles. Mechanical filters of cartridge or bag type can be used as filter elements. The main supporting element of the filter housing is a thin-walled cylindrical flask. The use of rotary rolling in the process of manufacturing a cylindrical flask makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of welded seams and increase the strength of the cylindrical shell. The results of experimental studies on assessing the effect of the relative deformation value along the wall thickness during rotary rolling of steel cylindrical shells on their strength and stability are presented.
Propagation of ultrasound near phase transitions in the liquid crystal working environment of technical devices
Authors: Larionov Alexey , Dedov Sergey , Mashin Valentin , Gorban Ljubov , Chongin Vladimir , Machina Angelika
Published: February 2023

The results of measurements of the velocity and absorption coefficient of ultrasound in a nematic phase oriented by a magnetic field are presented. Within the framework of the hydrodynamics of the nematic phase, the coefficients of the bulk and shear viscosity of the nematic phase are calculated. The temperature dependence of the shear viscosity coefficients is exponential. The nature of the sharp increase in the bulk viscosity coefficients with an increase in the temperature of the nematic phase in the region of the phase transition nematic liquid crystal - isotropic phase is analyzed. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the ultrasound velocity in the nematic phase, carried out under the assumption of the existence of two processes responsible for the propagation of ultrasound, allowed us to identify the critical component and calculate the relaxation time of the critical contribution. In the vicinity to the phase transition, the dependence on the temperature of the relaxation time of the critical contribution increases sharply with a divergence index equal to 1.03. The relationship between the critical contribution to the absorption and the speed of ultrasound has been established. An array of data necessary for the calculation of liquid crystal technical devices has been obtained.
Process virtualization for X-ray images obtaining in industrial radiography during nuclear power plant NDT specialists training
Authors: Kovshov Evgeny , Kuvshinnikov Vladimir , Dolgov Nikita
Published: February 2023

The research aims to highlight the analysis of the virtualization prerequisites in terms of the non-destructive testing training. The peculiarities of radiation control (RC), which significantly affect the organization of practical classes and the profitability of personnel training, are given. The main requirements for specialists in the course of practical training are listed. Methods of processing and visualizing information about the structure of dense three-dimensional bodies are considered and a simplified task-specified alternative is proposed. The results of the research underline the principle of image construction and processing through the use of digital twins of testing samples. This allows the user to get an image that is similar to shooting results of real metal samples in terms of training purposes. In order to deliver a more effective methodology, the main physical principles are taken into account for digital models of radiographs and optical density of films.
Monitoring of seasonal variations in ground temperature at the observation site of Lomonosov MSU
Authors: Frolov Denis , Rzhanitsyn German , Sokratov Sergey , Koshurnikov Andrey , Gagarin Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The paper considers the problem of monitoring seasonal variations of ground temperature in northern and mountainous areas in the light of ongoing climate changes. To study seasonal variations of ground temperature, a model site of the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory was used with the ability to monitor air temperature, snow cover thickness, and ground freezing temperature and depth, which was a prototype of a system for monitoring the state of permafrost soils used in the Arctic and mountain territories. The paper presents the results of monitoring seasonal variations of ground temperature based on the results of numerical modelling of the propagation of seasonal fluctuations of ground temperature in 2014-2017 in MATLAB environment which are in good agreement with the thermometry data and, therefore, the developed calculation scheme shows fairly good simulation results. This makes it possible to use the calculation scheme to assess the thermal state of frozen grounds and the stability of foundations and buildings and linear constructions located on them in the conditions of the North and mountainous territories. Therefore, the presented methodology can serve as a good help for monitoring and preventing the destruction of the observed structures in the conditions of climate warming.