bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
infortunios de la autoridad pedagógica. Un estudio de caso
Authors: Martín Criado Enrique , Alonso Carmona Carlos , Castillo Rojas-Marcos Juan
Published: June 2022

En La reproducción el concepto de autoridad pedagógica se refiere a la aceptación sin cuestionamientos de los contenidos impartidos y de la legitimidad del educador. Para Bourdieu y Passeron esta autoridad sería un elemento central para el funcionamiento del sistema escolar. A partir de una investigación cualitativa en una universidad española, indagamos en qué condiciones la autoridad pedagógica se mantiene o debilita. Esta se debilita ante públicos de clases populares en carreras profesionalizantes, que oponen el saber práctico al saber escolar. Pero también se debilita, para todo tipo de estudiantes, con el desarrollo de la carrera moral: a medida que pasan los cursos, la autoridad pedagógica es menor. Ello no impide que los estudiantes estudien: a falta de legitimación intrínseca, las calificaciones y las credenciales imponen una disciplina de trabajo.
Infraestructura relacional y reproducción en la escuela: una relectura de Bourdieu en clave interaccional
Authors: Martínez Roger , Gonzàlez Balletbò Isaac , Benito Pérez Ricard
Published: June 2022

A partir de la revisión de los trabajos de Pierre Bourdieu y Jean-Claude Passeron Los herederos y La reproducción, cincuenta años después de su publicación, y de la conceptualización posterior por parte de Bourdieu de las formas de capital en general, y del concepto de capital social en particular, proponemos explorar sendas de investigación en el análisis de la reproducción intergeneracional de la desigualdad que dejaron relativamente desatendidas, vinculadas al papel de la escuela en la estructuración de las interacciones (lo que llamaremos infraestructura relacional) y del capital social, así como su impacto en las trayectorias académicas y laborales. Defendemos que una mayor atención a la escuela como infraestructura relacional permite una mejor comprensión de los diversos mecanismos mediante los cuales los contextos escolares socialmente homogéneos o heterogéneos pueden fortalecer o mitigar la reproducción intergeneracional de la desigualdad.
¿Reproducción o movilidad cultural? Un estudio a partir de distintas dimensiones del capital cultural
Authors: Valdés Manuel T.
Published: June 2022

La teoría de la reproducción cultural planteada por Bourdieu y Passeron establece que el sistema educativo contribuye a la reproducción de las estructuras sociales a través de su papel en la reproducción de la estructura de capital cultural. No obstante, no existe consenso sobre cómo se transforma el capital cultural en una ventaja educativa o sobre qué alumnos obtienen una mayor rentabilidad del capital cultural, si los de extracción social alta (modelo de reproducción cultural) o baja (modelo de movilidad cultural).  En el presente trabajo se emplea información de PISA 2000 sobre el caso español para operacionalizar distintas dimensiones del capital cultural y poner a prueba su productividad para alumnos de diferente extracción social. Los resultados avalan el modelo de reproducción cultural para todos los indicadores de capital cultural, lo que significa que los alumnos de extracción social alta no solo disponen de más capital cultural, sino que obtienen una mayor rentabilidad de cada unidad de capital cultural.
STRENGTH MODEL FOR CALCULATING CENTRALLY COMPRESSED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SPACING OF STIRRUPS
Authors: Tamrazyan Ashot , Lapshinov Andrey
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the relevance of developing techniques for confined elements with FRP reinforcement. The method for calculating centrally confined concrete columns with non-metallic GFRP reinforcement (without regard to its compression work) is proposed for the first time in the Russian Federation. The strength model was developed based on the well-known theoretical model of confined concrete. The article considers the effect of strengthening the concrete core of the columns, which is obtained due to the more frequent placement of both transverse and longitudinal reinforcement. The dependence of the bearing capacity of concrete columns on the strength of the transverse reinforcement material is shown. It was proved that with a decrease in the spacing of the longitudinal reinforcement, the area of ​​the effectively confined concrete core inside the reinforcement cage increases.  It was shown that, due to the low compressive modulus of elasticity of the FRP reinforcement, the stress in it will be comparable to the concrete stress. Therefore, the compressive strength of the FRP reinforcement can be neglected in the case of determining the bearing capacity of centrally confined concrete elements. As a result, a strength model for calculating confined concrete elements with FRP reinforcement was proposed, considering the spacing of transverse reinforcement, the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratio, and the strength of the material of transverse reinforcement. The developed strength model can be applied not only for square, but also for columns of round and rectangular sections.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC PILE TESTS IN DIFFICULT GROUNDS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Zhussupbekov Askar , Yessentayev Askar , Kaliakin Viktor , Drozdova Irina
Published: June 2022

A comparative analysis of the results of field tests to determine the bearing capacity of a pile at the facilitys in the Nur-Sultan city and Petropavlovsk city. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the results of dynamic and static tests in the two construction site in order to identify the difference in performance. This article provides programs and results of tests with static indentation load and dynamic load on a pile in different two of the construction site under different soil conditions.  The results of the comparative analysis are the following: Dynamic tests are needed for a preliminary assessment of the dynamic bearing capacity and the possibility of driving piles in  different soil conditions.  The bearing capacity of the pile, determined by dynamic tests, is slightly lower than during static tests, the difference between the results is 11 and 17%.
DETERMINATION OF BENDING OF A BEAM FROM A NONLINEAR DEFORMABLE MATERIAL BY RITZ-TIMOSHENKO METHODS AND FINITE DIFFERENCES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DEGRADATION FUNCTIONS OF CROSS SECTION RIGIDITY
Authors: Selyaev Vladimir , Gryaznov Sergey , Babushkina Delmira
Published: June 2022

The article solves the problem of determining the deflections of a beam made of a nonlinearly deformable material - a polyester composite held in water using the numerical methods of Ritz-Timoshenko and finite differences. The influence of the aggressive environment on the material of the structure was taken into account by introducing the degradation function of the stiffness of the element cross-sections into the calculation algorithms of the above methods. The problem of determining the time and conditions for the onset of the limiting state of the structure in the second group in accordance with the current norms and rules has been solved.
Viruela símica, una infección emergente desatendida.
Authors: López M. Eduardo , Navarro Camila
Published: June 2022

El virus de la viruela símica estrechamente relacionado al virus de la viruela humana, es una zoonosis endémica de África occidental y central. En los seres humanos, la infección puede provocar una enfermedad similar a la viruela humana, aunque de menor severidad, pese a ello se asocia a una letalidad reportada variable desde menos del 1% al 11%. La transmisión se produce principalmente a través de gotitas respiratorias o contacto directo con el exudado de lesiones. La transmisión persona a persona está bien descrita, tanto comunitaria como nosocomial.  El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por un pródromo de fiebre, al cual se agrega exantema y linfadenopatía.  Dentro de las complicaciones se pueden incluir neumonía, encefalitis y queratitis. No existe un tratamiento aprobado establecido, aunque se incluyen estrategias en base a antivirales y vacunas.
ASIA TENGGARA MARITIM DALAM DUNIA SAINS SOSIAL DI PERANCIS: SEBUAH PENGENALAN RINGKAS
Authors: Perret Daniel
Published: June 2022

This article presents a brief introduction on the history of social sciences research focused on Maritime Southeast Asia conducted in France. Maritime Southeast Asia in this context includes Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Timor-Leste, and the southern part of Thailand. The first part describes the early stages of relations between France and Maritime Southeast Asia beginning in the sixteenth century. Then the author introduces books in Archaeology, Epigraphy, History, Philology, and Literature published by scholars working in French scientific institutions or researchers associated with these institutions.
PERKEMBANGAN LATIHAN PERGURUAN DI NEGERI-NEGERI MELAYU BERSEKUTU: NORMAL CLASS, 1906-1917
Authors: Abdullah Siti Aisyah Binti , Mohamed Hassan Noraini
Published: June 2022

This paper examines how the British administration of the Federated Malay States (FMS) developed Normal Class to improve teacher training in English schools from 1906 to 1917. The 1902 Education Act, which made significant provisions for secondary and technical education and led to the rapid growth of training colleges in England and Wales, had an effect on the development of teacher training for English schools in the FMS. Following the suggestion of R.J. Wilkinson, Normal Classes for the training of assistant teachers commenced in January 1905 at the Victoria Institution. Initially, students from Victoria Institution and the Methodist Boy’s School were used to test the effectiveness of Normal Class. The success of Normal Class at Victoria Institution led to the opening of more such classes in the states of Perak, Melaka and Penang. Teacher training was emphasized to not only improve the quality of education in English schools but also to attract foreign investors to advance the economy especially of urban areas. This article focuses on the implementation of Normal Classes in Selangor and Perak. It has been found that, prior to the First World War, Normal Classes in Kuala Lumpur turned out to be more successful than in Perak. Teacher training in Kuala Lumpur, the administrative centre of the FMS, was desired to increase the number of local officials capable of speaking English in government departments. There was also considerable demand among capitalists for Normal Classes in English schools.
LACK OF GENDER SENSITIZATION IN MALAYSIAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS: NEED FOR A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Raja Sivachandralingam Sundara , S. Devadason Evelyn
Published: June 2022

Malaysia continues to have a mixed record on human rights issues, partly explained by some idiosyncrasies in the laws and regulations pertaining to women. Clearly, there has been some neglect on the women folk in nation building. To put into perspective the treatment towards women workers and their rights, one has to first understand the role of women in the Malaysian labour market, and second, the Malaysian laws and regulations pertaining to the employment of women. The paper therefore appraises historically the changing role of women in the labour force from the colonial days to the present, and the evolving gender dimensions embedded in the related laws and regulations. The paper contends that the early economic and political landscape in Malaysia, which viewed women as having complementary roles instead of equal roles with their male counterparts, has given rise to a lack of or limited gender sensitization in the labour laws and regulations. The current move from gender insensitivity to gender mainstreaming, through various policies/mechanisms and programmes in the developmental framework, remains grossly inadequate. It merely reflects lack of operationalizability and social reality of some of the existing labour laws and regulations. This calls for gender equality legislation that emphasizes the centrality of human rights in matters related to equality and non-discrimination.
The Global Exchange and Accumulation of Alien Insect Species
Authors: Zhao Zihua , Hui Cang , Peng Shuo , Wang Yannan , Reddy Gadi VP , Li Zhihong , Kleunen Mark van
Published: June 2022

Humans have translocated thousands of species, either intentionally or
not, from their native ranges to non-native ones, with many established
(naturalized) and some now invasive. We report here a global database on
the distributions of naturalized alien insects. Currently, 7,741
naturalized alien insect species have been reported from 222 regions, of
which 47 species were reported over all six continents, 103 species over
five continents, and 208 species over four continents. Naturalized alien
insects are taxonomically diverse in all six continents, predominantly
occurring in agroecosystems, as well as forests and grasslands. North
America has accumulated the greatest number of naturalized alien insect
species, while South America has the lowest number. Asia donated the
greatest number of its native insect species to other continents,
especially to North America and Europe. The global patterns of
naturalized alien insects are correlated with transcontinental trade and
the number of local scientists who study insect invasions. Most
naturalized alien insects have been introduced to multiple continents,
further facilitating the expansion of introduced populations through
bridgehead effects. Understanding the global exchange and accumulation
of alien insects helps the development of an early warning and
monitoring system for insect invasions.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in tongue tips from dead animals
Authors: Machado Isadora F. , Magalhães Edison S. , Silva Ana Paula S. Poeta , Moraes Daniel C. A. , Cezar Guilherme Arruda , Mil-Homens Mafalda P. , Osemeke Onyekachukwu , Paiva Rodrigo , Moura Cesar A. A. , Gauger Phillip , Trevisan Giovani , Silva Gustavo , Linhares Daniel
Published: June 2022

The control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
(PRRSV) hinges on monitoring and surveillance. The objective of this
study was to assess PRRSV RNA detection by RT-PCR in tongue tips from
dead suckling piglets compared to serum samples, processing fluids, and
family oral fluids. Tongue tips and serum samples were collected from
three PRRSV-positive breeding herd farms (farms A, B, and C) of three
different age groups: newborns (<24h), processing (2 to 7 days
of age), and weaning (18 to 22 days of age). Additionally, processing
fluids and family oral fluids were collected from 2-7 days of age and
weaning age respectively. In farms A and B, PRRSV RNA was detected in
tongue tips from all age groups (100% and 95%, respectively). In
addition, PRRSV RNA was detected in pooled serum samples (42% and
27%), processing fluids (100% and 50%), and family oral fluids (11%
and 22%). Interestingly, the average Ct value from tongue tips was
numerically lower than the average Ct value from serum samples in the
newborn age. In farm C, PRRSV RNA was only detected in serum samples
(60%) and family oral fluids (43%), both from the weaning age.
Further, no PRRSV RNA was detected in tongue tips when pooled serum
samples from the same age group tested PRRSV RNA-negative. Taken
together, these results demonstrate the potential value of tongue tips
for PRRSV monitoring and surveillance.
Insulin response to oral glucose and cardiometabolic disease: A Mendelian randomization study to assess potential causality
Authors: Nguyen Anthony , Khafagy Rana , Meerasa Ameena , Roshandel Delnaz , Paterson Andrew D. , Dash Satya
Published: June 2022

  

Mendelian randomization (MR) suggests post-prandial hyperinsulinemia (unadjusted for plasma glucose) increases body mass index (BMI) but its impact on cardiometabolic disease (CMD), a leading cause for mortality and morbidity in people with obesity is not established. Fat distribution i.e. increased centripetal and/or reduced femoro-gluteal adiposity is causally associated with and better predicts CMD than BMI. We therefore undertook bi-directional MR to assess the effect of corrected insulin response (CIR, insulin 30 minutes after a glucose challenge adjusted for plasma glucose) on BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), leg fat, type 2 diabetes (T2D), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), liver fat, hypertension and CAD in people of European descent.

Inverse variance weighted MR suggests a potential causal association between increased CIR and increased BMI (b= 0.048±0.02, p=0.03), increased leg fat (b=0.029±0.012, p=0.01), reduced T2D (b=-0.73±0.15, p=6x10-7, OR 0.48 (0.36-0.64), reduced TG (b=-0.07±0.02, p=0.003) and increased HDL (b=0.04±0.01, p=0.006) with some evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. CIR had neutral effects on WHR (b=0.009±0.02, p=0.69), liver fat (b=-0.08±0.04, p=0.06), hypertension (b=-0.001±0.004, p=0.7, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) OR 1.00 (0.99-1.01) and coronary artery disease (b=-0.002±0.002, p=0.48, OR 0.99 (0.81-1.21). T2D decreased CIR (b-0.22±0.04, p=1.3x10-7), with no evidence that BMI, TG, HDL, liver fat, hypertension and CAD modulate CIR. 

In conclusion, we did not find evidence that increased CIR increases CMD. It might increase BMI with favorable fat distribution, reduce T2D and improve lipids.
Mechanizmy poboru podatków nadzwyczajnych na początku XVI w. na przykładzie kaliskich rejestrów poborowych
Authors: Związek Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Artykuł jest poświęcony mechanizmom poboru podatków nadzwyczajnych na początku XVI w. na przykładzie kaliskich rejestrów poborowych z lat 1507–1510. Dzięki źródłoznawczym analizom dostępnych materiałów udało się rozpoznać i opisać wiele elementów związanych z zapleczem organizacyjnym towarzyszącym poborowi świadczeń finansowych. Mowa nie tylko o próbach przedstawienia kolejnych etapów redagowaniarejestrów poborowych, ale także o działalności kancelarii poborców podatkowych, kwestii faktycznego przeprowadzania poborów w określonym terminie, przestrzennym aspekcie ich wybierania i charakterystyce grup społecznych odpowiedzialnych za dostarczenie pieniędzy poborcom. Tekst tworzy dobre pole do dalszej dyskusji nad dziejami systemu skarbowego w Polsce wczesnonowożytnej.
INDONESIAN ANTI-TRUST RELAXATION: URGENCY FOR IMPLEMENTATION PROVISION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GOTONG ROYONG PRINCIPLE
Authors: Tresnawati Tresnawati
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

During the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous jurisdictions have used Anti-Trust Relaxation, also known as Anti-Trust Immunity (ATI) in the United States, recognized as block exemption, authorization, or dispensation in other jurisdictions. Essentially, this ATI states that collaboration between business actors does not always imply an infringement in competition. There are times when cartels and teamwork can be beneficial to the environment. Many businesses have suffered enormous losses because of the Covid-19 outbreak, and they require assistance and support to survive in this unique scenario. Most likely, survival is only possible when business competitors embrace 'gotong royong' or collaboration. Anti-trust immunity, which allows collaboration-usually defined as cartel in normal situation-will be assessed and authorized accordingly by Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). Another possibility is to include this ATI in the new bill, which would be even more authoritative. On November 2020, KPPU Regulation No. 3 of 2020 on Competition Relaxation was enacted. However, detailed implementation provision will be required in implementation of the Regulation. Keywords: anti-trust immunity; authorization; block exemption; cartel relaxation; dispensation.
HARMONISASI HUKUM KETENTUAN LISENSI WAJIB (COMPULSORY LICENSE) PERLINDUNGAN VARIETAS TANAMAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yunia Pratiwi Arini , Amirulloh Muhamad , Afriana Anita
Published: June 2022

AbstrakPemberian lisensi wajib PVT yang dilakukan oleh Pengadilan Negeri bukan oleh DJKI, perlu diharmonisasikan dengan ketentuan serupa pada undang-undang bidang KI yang lainnya. Dalam UU Paten misalnya, pemberi lisensi wajib adalah DJKI, mengingat bahwa hal tersebut termasuk merupakan proses hukum administratif, bukan hukum formil terkait penyelsaian sengketa. Hal ini memperlihatkan adanya kewenangan judikatif yang berlebihan (overbodig) karena sampai masuk kepada bidang eksekutif. Penulisan ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan pengaturan lisensi wajib PVT dalam UU PVT yang harus melalui permohonan kepada Pengadilan Negeri, dan akan dianalisis dengan asas kepastian hukum serta harmonisasinya secara horisotal dengan ketentuan lisensi wajib paten dalam UU Paten. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan penulis yaitu yuridis normatif, dengan mengkaji UU PVT tentang kewenangan pengadilan negeri dalam memberikan lisensi wajib PVT. Artikel ini mengemukakan asas dan teori hukum yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan perubahan ketentuan tentang kewenangan pemberian lisensi wajib dalam UU PVT dari Pengadilan Negeri kepada Kantor PVT yang lebih jelas memisahkan kewenangan lembaga yudikatif dan eksekutif dalam perlindungan PVT. Kata kunci: perlindungan varietas tanaman; lisensi wajib; pengadilan negeri; kantor pvt; kepastian hukum

 

AbstractThe provision of compulsory PVT licenses carried out by the District Court, not by the DJKI, needs to be harmonized with similar provisions in other IP laws. In the Patent Law, for example, the obligatory licensor is DJKI, considering that this is an administrative legal process, not a formal law related to dispute resolution. This shows the existence of excessive judicial authority (overbodig) because it has entered the executive field. This writing is analytical descriptive in nature, which describes the mandatory PVT licensing arrangements in the PVT Law which must go through an application to the District Court, and will be analyzed with the principle of legal certainty and horizontal harmonization with the provisions of the mandatory patent license in the Patent Law. The approach method used by the author is normative juridical, by reviewing the PVT Law regarding the authority of district courts in granting mandatory PVT licenses. This article proposes legal principles and theories that can be used to make changes to the provisions regarding the authority to grant a compulsory license in the PVT Law from the District Court to the PVT Office which more clearly separates the powers of the judiciary and the executive in the protection of PVT.Keywords: plant variety protection; compulsory license; district court; pvt office; legal certainty
STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK DARI KEGIATAN PERDAGANGAN MELALUI SISTEM ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Febrianti Yuliana Keke , Mutaqqin Zainal , Cahyadini Amelia
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKTujuan dari tulisan ini adalah penulis mencoba memaparkan mengenai strategi pemerintah dalam meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dari kegiatan Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PMSE) khususnya di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan dikeluarkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. Penulis juga membahas mengenai kontribusi pengenaan pajak dari kegiatan PMSE di Indonesia terhadap APBN dan manfaat lainnya. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari tulisan ini adalah pemerintah memberlakukan PPN dan PPh atau Pajak Transaksi Elektronik untuk aktivitas PMSE untuk meningkatkan penerimaan pajak di masa pandemi Covid-1. Penerimaan pajak dari kegiatan PMSE berkontribusi cukup besar terhadap penerimaan negara dan kebijakan ini juga dapat menciptakan level playing field.Kata kunci: perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik; pajak pertambahan nilai; pajak penghasilan

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is that the author tries to explain the government's strategy in increasing tax revenue from Electronic Trading (PMSE) activities, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic with the issuance of Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. The author also discusses the contribution of taxation from PMSE activities in Indonesia to the state budget (APBN) and other benefits. The conclusion is that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the government's strategy in increasing tax revenue from PMSE activities is the imposition of Value Added Tax (PPN) on digital products provided by foreign companies consumed domestically and the imposition of Income Tax (PPh) or Digital Services Tax (DST) on PMSE activities conducted by foreign tax subjects with certain criteria. Tax revenue from PMSE activities contributes significantly to state revenue and this policy can also create a level playing field.Keywords: electronic trading; value added tax; income tax
QUO VADIS: PENERAPAN CITIZEN LAWSUIT SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Khoirunnisa Humaira , Choirinnisa Shafa Amalia , Arvy Ilyasa Raden Muhammad
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Dalam UUD 1945 menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak untuk mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Pemberian perlindungan terhadap kepentingan lingkungan hidup salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui hak konstitusional yang dimiliki oleh warga negara, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan upaya gugatan citizen lawsuit. Citizen lawsuit merupakan upaya warga negara untuk mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan untuk dan atas nama kepentingan warga negara dan/atau kepentingan publik yang bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan warga negara atas terjadinya kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh Penyelenggara Negara. Gugatan citizen lawsuit dalam konteks lingkungan hidup dapat dilakukan agar penyelenggara negara mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan yang bersifat umum agar kelalaian dalam pemenuhan hak warga negara untuk mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat dapat terpenuhi. Pengaturan hukum acara citizen lawsuit di Indonesia belum diatur secara jelas, akan tetapi Langkah ini dapat ditempuh sebagai alternatif untuk menuntut pemenuhan tanggung jawab negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif.

Kata kunci: Citizen Lawsuit; Kelalaian Negara; Lingkungan Hidup

 

ABSTRACT

In the 1945 Constitution states that everyone has the right to a good and healthy environment. Providing protection to environmental interests one of them can be done through constitutional rights owned by citizens, one of which can be done by efforts to lawsuit citizen. Citizen lawsuit is an attempt by a citizen to file a lawsuit to the court for and on behalf of the interests of citizens and / or public interests aimed at protecting the interests of citizens for the occurrence of losses incurred by state organizers. Citizen lawsuits in the context of the environment can be done so that state organizers issue a policy that is general in nature so that negligence in the fulfillment of the right of citizens to obtain a good and healthy environment can be fulfilled. The legal arrangement of citizen lawsuits in Indonesia has not been clearly regulated, but this step can be taken as an alternative to demand the fulfillment of state responsibilities. This research uses normative legal research methods.

Keywords: Citizen Lawsuit; State Negligence; Environment
REGULASI TATA RUANG PESISIR MELALUI PENDEKATAN KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP STRATEGIS (KLHS) BAGI PERLINDUNGAN TERUMBU KARANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Zulkarnain Cut Sabina Anasya , Sukarsa Dadang Epi , Priyanta Maret
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Penelitian dilakukan atas permasalahan masih tingginya laju kerusakan fungsi terumbu karang akibat berbagai kegiatan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam di ruang pesisir, termasuk di wilayah coral triangle Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengidentifikasi dan menentukan keterkaitan dan kedudukan instrumen kajian lingkungan hidup strategis dalam penyusunan rencana tata ruang guna mewujudkan perlindungan terumbu karang ditinjau dari prinsip kehati-hatian. Metode penulisan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif analitis dan analisis data secara kualitatif. Tahap penulisan dilakukan dengan data sekunder menggunakan bahan hukum dan berbagai data sekunder terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KLHS belum menjadi dasar dalam alokasi ruang-ruang dengan fungsi pemanfaatan di pesisir, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan hukum guna menghasilkan KLHS yang mampu menjawab isu-isu spasial dalam penyusunan regulasi tata ruang pesisir Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Tata Ruang Pesisir; Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS); Perlindungan Terumbu Karang

 

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted on the problem of the high level of damage to the function of coral reefs in the coral triangle area of Indonesia as a result of various uses of natural resources in coastal areas. The purpose of the research is to identify and determine the interrelationships and legal status of Strategic Environmental Assesment (SEA) in the preparation of spatial plans in order to realize coral reef protection in terms of the precautionary principle. The writing method uses a normative juridical approach, analytical descriptive and qualitative data analysis. The writing stage is carried out with secondary data using legal materials and various related secondary data. The results of the study show that the KLHS has not become the basis for the allocation of spaces with utilization function on the coast, so a legal approach is needed to produce a KLHS that is able to answer spatial issues in the legislation of Indonesian coastal spatial regulations.

Keywords: Coastal Spatial Planning; Strategic Environmental Assesment (SEA); Coral Reef Protection
KEDUDUKAN HAK PENGELOLAAN DALAM HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL DIKAITKAN KEPEMILIKAN BARANG MILIK NEGARA/DAERAH
Authors: Dinur Zulfikar Moch , Pujiwati Yani , Wahjuni Sari
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Kedudukan hak pengelolaan dalam hukum tanah nasional dirasa belum memberikan kepastian hukum. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari pengaturannya yang belum memberikan kepastian hukum khususnya pengaturan mengenai subjek dan kewenangan hak pengelolaan. Dengan berlakunya UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 yang turut pula mengatur tentang hak pengelolaan, perlu ditinjau sejauh mana Undang-Undang tersebut memberikan solusi terhadap permasalahan yang berkenaan dengan hak pengelolaan, khususnya berkenaan dengan objek tanah yang merupakan hak pengelolaan sekaligus juga dikategorikan sebagai Barang Milik Negara/Daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 mempertegas kedudukan hak pengelolaan sebagai hak menguasai negara dan akibat hukum dari pengaturan hak pengelolaan dalam UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 terhadap kepemilikan barang milik negara/daerah adalah tidak akan ada dualisme pengaturan terhadap satu objek tanah yang menyangkut hak pengelolaan dan barang milik negara/daerah berupa tanah.

Kata kunci:  Hak Pengelolaan ; Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja ; Barang Milik Negara/Daerah.

 

ABSTRACT

The position of management rights in national land law does not provide legal certainty. this is inseparable from the regulation which does not provide legal certainty, especially the regulation regarding the subject and purpose of management rights. With the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 which also regulates management rights, it is necessary to review the extent to which the law provides solutions to problems related to management rights, especially with regard to land objects which are management rights and are also categorized as State/Regional Property. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of the study show that Law Number 11 of 2020 emphasizes the position of management rights as rights to control the state and the legal consequences of regulating management rights in Law Number 11 of 2020 on state/regional property ownership is that there will be no dualism in the regulation of one land object concerning management rights. and state/regional property in the form of land.

Keywords: Management Rights; Law number 11 of 2020 regarding job creation; State/Regional Ownership Of Property.
Construção do Sistema Solar Utilizando o software GeoGebra
Authors: Siena Mauro Cesar de Souza
Published: June 2022

A atualidade tem mostrado a necessidade de instrumentos educacionais cada vez mais eficientes e eficazes para auxiliar a pesquisa de professores e estudantes desta nova era digital. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma maneira didático-pedagógica de utilizar o software GeoGebra como ferramenta auxiliar no estudo prático de estruturas complexas como a parametrização de curvas em duas, três ou quatro dimensões utilizando o movimento de objetos no espaço tridimensional. Este artigo visa apresentar a construção do sistema solar em movimento incluindo todos os planetas bem como o cometa Halley utilizando a parametrização de curvas no espaço tridimensional. Esta pesquisa poderá contribuir para a compreensão prática do estudante das quatro dimensões do plano cartesiano onde a quarta dimensão é representada pelo movimento dos astros em torno do sol.
Os primeiros dias de um curso de lógica
Authors: Troster Tomás , Xavier Roger
Published: June 2022

Este breve artigo esboça a opinião de um lógico sobre algumas ideias básicas que deveriam ser apresentadas nos primeiros dias de qualquer curso de lógica. Ele trata da natureza e dos objetivos da lógica. Ele discute o que um estudante pode esperar alcançar com o estudo da lógica e também alerta sobre os problemas e obstáculos que um estudante deverá superar ou com os quais deverá aprender a conviver. O artigo também introduz vários termos-chave que um estudante encontrará na lógica.Uma proposição é ou verdadeira ou falsa per se – e não “para esta ou aquela pessoa”. Um argumento é ou válido ou inválido per se – e não “para esta ou aquela pessoa”. Uma argumentação é ou concludente ou inconcludente – não per se, mas sim para uma pessoa.No entanto, que uma dada argumentação seja concludente para uma certa pessoa é sem dúvida uma questão indissociável dos pensamentos subjetivos de tal pessoa, mas apenas em certos aspectos: se uma determinada argumentação é concludente para uma pessoa, mas não para outra, a primeira sabe de algo que a segunda não sabe. Além disso, nem toda argumentação que alguém pensa ser concludente para certa pessoa é de fato concludente para tal pessoa. O caráter concludente de uma argumentação envolve outros elementos além da subjetividade.Algumas leituras são sugeridas ao longo do texto em citações entre parênteses e listadas nas referências bibliográficas no final do artigo.
Subdeterminação, Realismo e Objetividade Científica
Authors: Malavolta e Silva Bruno
Published: June 2022

O argumento da subdeterminação constitui um dos principais argumentos contra o realismo científico. Analiso diversas versões do argumento, e defendo que ele se torna mais plausível quando entendido como um argumento indireto contra o realismo. Tal proposta requer distinguir entre três maneiras principais de formular o argumento da subdeterminação. Na formulação tradicional, o argumento baseia-se na formulação de teorias rivais que sejam empiricamente adequadas à evidência disponível. Na formulação kuhniana, o argumento baseia-se na inexistência de um algoritmo neutro de normas epistêmicas que seja suficiente para determinar a escolha de teorias. Tais formulações do problema da subdeterminação são amplamente rejeitadas enquanto ameaças globais ao realismo científico. Proponho que, alternativamente, a relevância de fatores não epistêmicos poderá ser mais bem apreciada pelo realismo se focarmos no impacto indireto que tais fatores possuem na escolha de teorias, em vez de focarmos no fato de as normas epistêmicas não serem neutras. Com isso, o foco do argumento da subdeterminação deverá ser o de problematizar como fatores do contexto de descoberta influenciam indiretamente a objetividade do processo de justificação das teorias científicas, na medida em que modificam a evidência e hipóteses disponíveis aos cientistas em seu ambiente epistêmico.
Wittgenstein, Kripke e as armadilhas do dualismo
Authors: Massing Ian
Published: June 2022

O artigo examina o paradoxo cético no chamado “Kripkenstein” à luz da psicologia ecológica, uma teoria cognitiva que tem como base tomar como unidade de análise os organismos juntamente com seus ambientes. O conceito de affordance, também basilar para a psicologia ecológica, oferece uma versatilidade importante para explicações sobre nossa percepção do mundo, e principalmente (para os propósitos deste artigo) para a percepção dos aspectos menos tangíveis (não-fisicos) da realidade, as chamadas “práticas sociomateriais”. Tal abordagem da cognição se mostra valiosa na superação desse paradoxo ao permitir que a mesma seja compreendida como fenômeno coletivo, a linguagem e demais práticas que “seguem regras” estando inseridas nesse contexto como práticas construídas coletivamente que moldam a realidade humana.
Improvement of the fortified white wine technology
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Orobchuk О. , Berezhniuk A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Subtelnyi R. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dzinyak B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The substances of grapes that form the characteristic taste and aroma profile of white fortified wine of Madeira type were described. The use of enzyme preparations of pectolytic and cellulosolytic action Vinozym FCE G and Celoviridine Gx20 to intensify the extraction of phenolic, nitrogen-containing aromatic substances was proposed. In order to deeply oxidize the aromatic substances of the material at the stage of modernization, heating the wine material to 65 ° C in a chamber with continuous pumping and dosing of air was proposed.
Study of kinetics and energy saving method in the process of drying candied fruits from pears
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Huzova I. , Atamanyuk V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The kinetics of the process of drying hot (80C) and cold (20C) candied pears were studied. The drying coefficient is found and an analytical dependence is derived for the drying time calculation. Experimental data of the change in the temperature of the thermal agent along with the height of the candied fruit layer was obtained. It was proven that stopping the supply of a hot thermal agent at a certain point in time, cooling the upper layers of candied fruit with a cold thermal agent, and simultaneously drying the lower layers of candied fruit will reduce the energy costs of the process by 1135.64 kJ/kgwater.
Features of processing of polylactide composites with use in 3D printing. Review
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Levytskyi V. , Masyuk A. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kechur D. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kulish B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Taranenko B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The most common additive methods of processing polylactide materials are analyzed. Attention is paid to the features of methods of selective laser sintering, stereolithography and modeling by layer surfacing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using biodegradable materials, including polylactide. Approaches to the development of composite materials based on polylactide with additives of different nature and their technological and operational characteristics are substantiated.
Paperittomien maahanmuuttajien digitaaliset kuilut Suomessa
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam
Published: June 2022

Tutkimme Suomessa ilman viranomaisten lupaa asuvien maahanmuuttajien internetin ja sosiaalisen median käyttöä ja tähän liittyvää viestintää: kenellä näistä paperittomista oli mahdollisuus käyttää internetiä ja sosiaalista mediaa, mihin he niitä käyttivät ja mitä vaikutuksia niiden käytöllä oli aiemmassa kotimaassa (eli asuinmaassa, jossa he vakituisesti oleskelivat), matkalla Suomeen ja Suomessa. Samalla tutkimme eroja näiden käytöissä eli digitaalisia kuiluja paperittomien keskuudessa. Aineisto perustuu Suomessa vuonna 2019 olleiden paperittomien keskuudessa toteutettuun kyselyyn (n=100) sekä havainnointiin ja keskusteluihin heidän kanssaan. He käyttivät internetiä ja sosiaalista mediaa aiemmassa kotimaassaan matkan valmisteluun. Monilla käyttö yleistyi siirryttäessä lähtömaasta Suomeen. Suomessa käytännössä kaikki käyttivät internetiä ja kolme neljästä myös sosiaalista mediaa. Käytön mahdollisuuksia ja taitoa koskeva digitaalinen kuilu paperittomien välillä kapeni, mutta vaikutukset eivät olleet samat kaikille. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet käyttivät Suomessa internetiä ja sosiaalista media rakentaakseen ja ylläpitääkseen sosiaalisia suhteitaan, pitääkseen yhteyttä perheeseensä ja tukeakseen jokapäiväisten tarpeiden täyttymistä (kuten työ, ruoka, vaatetus ja asunto). Huhut, virheellinen informaatio ja valvonta internetissä ja sosiaalisessa mediassa toivat lisähaasteita paperittomille Suomessa.
Deep learning image recognition of cow behavior and an open data set acquired near an automatic milking robot
Authors: Koskela Olli , Benitez Pereira Leonardo Santiago , Pölönen Ilpo , Aronen Ilmo , Kunttu Iivari
Published: June 2022

Production animals enjoying good health and well-being are more productive and have a higher output quality. Several technical solutions have been used to monitor the animals’ welfare: those based on computer vision provide cost-efficient and scalable options. In this work, we performed a continuous two-month image acquisition of cows in front of an automatic milking station and divided the data into ten different classes related to the most important activities appearing in the images. The data consisted of almost 19 hours of video, equivalent to more than 1.7 million still images. Based on these imaged, we then implemented a convolutional neural network classifier to recognize the cows' behavior. The network was tested using cross-validation methodology and achieved an 86% precision rate and 85% recall rate in the classification. The data and the Python program code used in this study are made available. An image data set that directly resembles the harsh conditions inside a barn and can be used for deep learning purposes has not been previously made available.
Evolution of the Mantle Fluids Composition in the Precambrian (on the example of the Ukrainian shield ferruginous formation)
Authors: Usenko O.V.
Published: June 2022

The basic world ferruginous formations evolve from 3.5 to 1.9 billion years and have three main peaks of manifestation: 3.2—2.7, 2.6—2.5, and 2.0—1.9 billion years ago. Three ferruginous formations, which correspond to these periods, are highlighted at the Ukrainian shield: ferruginous-siliceous-volcanogenic (FSV), ferruginous-siliceous-shale (FSS), and ferruginous-siliceous-carbonate (FSC). The source of the material for ferruginous formations, associated primary volcanogenic and chemogenic-sedimentary formations are magmatic melts of the thermal asthenosphere.
The FSV Archean formation occurs in greenstone structures of granite-greenstone areas. The ferruginous rocks are jespers, consisting of a mixture of quartz-magnetite, volcanogenic silicate and carbonate (siderite and breinerite) layers. They occur mainly among amphibolites and komatiites, and obligatory contain ferruginous amphiboles and pyroxenes. Similar melts and fluids form in the presence of oxidized fluids (О2–, СО2, Н2О, SiO2), at high activity of Cl–, which provides miscibility of melts and fluids.
Ferruginous-siliceous-shale formation is generated at the boundary of Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Lower and upper parts of productive strata are folded by the iron carbonates, and in the center quartz-magnetite and quartz-hematite interlayers are separated, alternating with each other. Separation into an independent phase of a water-silicate fluid carrying iron chloride complexes indicates an increase in the alkalinity of fluids and melts of the feeding asthenosphere while maintaining a high oxidizing potential. An increase in alkalinity is indicated by the presence of graphite in the accompanying shale formations.
FSC formation is territorially connected with mantle fault zones of deep laying. Associates with igneous rocks (serpentinites) and shale formations (high magnesian and high alumina shales with graphite) formed in an alkaline environment (with the participation of carbonate-fluoride-sodium fluids) at a depth of at least 250 km, with a high oxidizing potential. Ferro carbonate rocks, including olivine and hematite, are formed from a carbonate phase separating from similar depths.
A directed change in the ferruginous formations’ composition reflects the deep fluids and melts composition evolution and is associated with the self-organization of the Earth’s shells.
Identification of parameters of structure of soil curvilinear massifs by numerical methods of complex analysis
Authors: Bomba A.Ya. , Boichura M.V. , Michuta O.R.
Published: June 2022

The works by specialists in electrical tomography usually model soil masses as a two-dimensional single-connected domain, the boundary of which consists of a horizon line and some «deep» line with a constant potential value on it. At the same time, the latter is set very approximately because of the «absence» of charges in remote (deep) areas. To avoid such simplification, the author proposes to solve the corresponding model problem in a relatively simple domain through its subsequent conformal mapping onto studied physical environment with a complex structure. The latter is carried out using some fractional-rational function. Whereas to simulate the movement of charges, numerical complex analysis methods are generally used. In this case, common simplification regarding the «point-like» nature of the applied quasipotential sections is rejected, and the distribution of current density on the last is taken into account. The studied medium, for example, is assumed to be given in the form of a function of local bursts of homogeneities.
Image reconstruction is conducted during alternate iterative solving of problems on the construction of a range of fields of current densities and refinement of parameters of conductivity coefficient. The latter is implemented out under the minimization of the functional of residuals between discrete (known) measurements of potential and stream functions on the surface of the soil mass and the corresponding calculated ones, using the ideas of regularization. Non-use of information (due to the high complexity of obtaining it) about the distribution of voltage and current in deep areas generates a certain mathematical uncertainty. However, its influence on the results of image reconstruction in the near-surface areas is insignificant.
Numerical experiments were performed and analyzed. For the given examples, the conductivity coefficient on the «lion’s share» of the medium was found with a small residual. Whereas the coordinates of the identified bursts, in comparison with a priori known ones, shifted towards the surface of soil mass. This is explained both by the peculiarities of the construction of the subproblem of identification of the conductivity coefficient in the absence of boundary conditions at deep sections and the existing significant quasiconformity residuals. In the future, these shortcomings can be «eliminated» by implementing an additional intermediate conformal mapping onto a circle and applying «fictitious orthogonalization» in the vicinity of the «junction» points of boundary streamlines and equipotential lines.
Rostros de la resistencia
Authors: Miranda Vergara Daniela
Published: June 2022

La resistencia civil son esas estrategias no violentas visibles en marchas, objeciones de conciencia, negar pagar impuesto, etcétera, pero no solo se resume en manifestaciones públicas como se tiende a generalizar; también es permanecer neutro, no ser parte ni del agua ni del aceite, es no participar libre ni forzosamente en una corriente o fuerza, es liberarse y ser independientes. En este trabajo se expondrá, con varios ejemplos, la resistencia civil, con enfoque en la vida de la exalcaldesa de Apartadó Gloria Cuartas, para entender la existencia de la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, ubicada en el municipio de Apartadó, al norte del departamento de Antioquia, formando parte de la región del Golfo de Urabá.