bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diffusion of Cations and Solvent Molecules in the Concentrated LiNO3‐NH3 System.
Authors: KUSAKA R. , BAN K. , NAKAMURA Y. , SHIMOKAWA S.
Published: May 2016

The diffusion coefficients of Li+ and H+ in concentrated LiNO3‐NH3 solutions have been determined as a function of composition and temp. by means of the NMR spin‐echo technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Stress Corrosion Crack Propagation in α‐Brass and Copper Exposed to Sodium Nitrite Solutions
Authors: YU J. , PARKINS R. N.
Published: May 2016

has been investigated as a function of solution composition, pH, potential, temp., and applied strain rates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Interaction of Molybdenite and Aqueous Copper(II)
Authors: HEALY J. , LUSTY J. R. , SIMPSON W. B. , MILLS C. F.
Published: May 2016

has been studied as a function of solution pH using both synthetic and natural MoS2.
ChemInform Abstract: High Activity Catalyst from Exfolioated MoS2.
Authors: MIREMADI B. K. , MORRISON S. R.
Published: May 2016

Suspensions of single layers of MoS2 have been prepared by separation of MoS2 into individual molecular planes, denoted as exfoliation, which is achieved by intercalation of lithium in between the layers of MoS2 and subsequent reaction with H2O. In the presence of Ni, alumina, or aluminium nitrate in the exfoliation solution or in the suspension, catalysts such as Ni/Mo/Al2O3, and Mo/Al2O3 are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of LaRhO3.
Authors: GYSLING H. J. , MONNIER J. R. , APAI G.
Published: May 2016

Pure monophasic (perovskite) LaRhO3 has been prepared by high‐temp.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of LiGaCl4 and LiGaI4.
Authors: HOENLE W. + , HETTICH B. , SIMON A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds have been prepared by melting mixtures of GaX3 and LiX (X: Cl, I) at 520 K. Both the compounds crystallize in space group P21/a, Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Characterization of a Five‐Coordinate Manganese(III) Porphyrin Cation. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Aquo(tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(III) Triflate.
Authors: WILLIAMSON M. M. , HILL C. L.
Published: May 2016

Slow diffusion of heptane into a benzene solution of (tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(III) triflate containing 1 equiv of water produces the title compound (I), which crystallizes in the space group P1, Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cobalt Oxygen Carrier in Zeolite Y. A Molecular “Ship in a Bottle”.
Authors: HERRON N.
Published: May 2016

Cobalt(II) ion exchanged zeolite Y is treated with the Schiff base ligand (I) to synthesize the corresponding Co complex inside the pore structure of the zeolite itself.
ChemInform Abstract: Equilibria and Kinetics of Some Metal Complexes of Peptide Hydroxamic Acid.
Authors: CHANG C. A. , SEKHAR V. C. , GARG B. S. , GUZIEC F. S. JUN. , CARRERA RUSSO T.
Published: May 2016

The complex formation constants of the metal ions Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, UO22+, Pb2+, In3+, Th4+ with the title ligands (I) (prepared by the hydroxylaminolysis or mixed anhydride method) are determined using either a spectrophotometric or a potentiometric method.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Design of a Novel Ditopic Anion Receptor.
Authors: SCHMIDTCHEN F. P.
Published: May 2016

The desired X,Y ditopic anion receptor (IIIb) is synthesized in four steps starting from the known carbon acid (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemistry of Quadruply Bonded Molybdenum Dimers. Evidence for Metal‐to‐Halide Back‐Bonding.
Authors: ZIETLOW T. C. , HOPKINS M. D. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

The oxidation and reduction potentials of the title complexes (I) are measured in CH2Cl2 and THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐azoxylation of Aromatic Azo‐Compounds.
Authors: SHIBATA K. , YOGO T. , HASHIMOTO M. , NODA H. , MATSUI M.
Published: May 2016

Irradiation of the cinnoline derivative (I) yields the corresponding N‐oxide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Intermediates: Zwitterions or Diradicals?
Authors: BALCELLS M. , DURAN M. , LLEDOS A. , BERTRAN J.
Published: May 2016

The intermediate in the (2 + 2)cycloaddition of hydroxyethylene and acrolein is theoretically analyzed by means of the semiempirical MINDO/3 method and the SCF and 3 · 3 CI techniques using an ab initio STO‐3G basis set.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer. Part 81. Reductions of Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acids with Vitamin B12s (Cob(I)alamin).
Authors: PILLAI G. C. , REED J. W. , GOULD E. S.
Published: May 2016

Cob(I)alamin in aqueous solution smoothly reduces maleic and fumaric acids to succinic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tris(oxalato)ruthenium(III) Anion with Titanium(III) and (Oxalato)titanium(III) Complexes.
Authors: OLUBUYIDE O. , LU K. , OYETUNJI A. O. , EARLEY J. E.
Published: May 2016

The effect of nonbridging oxalate on electron transfer (through bridging oxalate) between Ru(III) and Ti(III) on reduction of Ru(C2O4)33‐ with Ti(III) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Inexpensive Synthesis of 4‐Oxoalkanoic Acids from Primary Nitroalkanes and Acrolein.
Authors: BALLINI R. , PETRINI M.
Published: May 2016

The 4‐oxoalkanoic acids (IV) are prepared by coupling the primary nitroalkanes (I) with acrolein (II), followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium carbonate.
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation and Sulfonylation of Sulfamate Esters. Synthesis of an Acesulfam K Precursor.
Authors: SPILLANE W. J. , BURKE P. O.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the sulfamate esters (I) with the acyl derivatives (II) or the sulfonyl chlorides (IV) under phase transfer conditions yields the N‐acyl or N‐sulfonylsulfamate esters (III) and (V) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Metabolites of Felbamate: Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐propanediol Dicarbamate, 2‐Phenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐1,3‐propanediol Dicarbamate, and 2‐Phenyl‐1,3‐propanediol Monocarbamate.
Authors: CHOI Y. M. , KUCHARCZYK N. , SOFIA R. D.
Published: May 2016

Biotransformation of the anticonvulsive felbamate in rats, dogs and rabbits leads to the metabolites (V), (IX) and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of the Dimethyl Acetals of β,γ‐Epoxyaldehydes from Alkyl(trans‐2‐methoxycyclopropyl) Ketones.
Authors: KULINKOVICH O. G. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , ROMASHIN YU. N.
Published: May 2016

The chloropropyl ketones (I) are dehydrochlorinated according to a literature procedure to yield the cyclopropyl ketones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Condensation of α‐Epoxy Ketones with Aldehydes. Part 1. Condensation of 4‐Methyl‐3,4‐epoxy‐2‐pentanone with Acetaldehyde and Propionaldehyde by Alkaline Catalysis.
Authors: AKHMEDOV SH. T. , KURBANOV S. B. , GYUL'AKHMEDOV L. M. , KURBANOVA G. S.
Published: May 2016

The base catalyzed condensation of the title compounds (I) and (II), which is studied for the first time, affords the derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Practical Synthetic Method of 3(2H)‐Furanone Derivatives.
Authors: SAKAI T. , YAMAWAKI A. , ITO H. , UTAKA M. , TAKEDA A.
Published: May 2016

The aromatic aldehydes (I) are coupled with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐butanone (II) to produce the vinyl ketones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Furan Derivatives. Part 14. Nucleophilic Substitution of Methyl 5‐Nitro‐2‐furancarboxylate and 5‐Nitrofuran‐2‐nitrile.
Authors: SHIMADZU M. , ISHIKAWA N. , YAMAMOTO K. , TANAKA A.
Published: May 2016

The nitrofuran derivatives (I) react with the alcoholates (II), the phenolates (IV) or the thiophenolates (VI), yielding the ethers (III) and (V) or the thioethers (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermally‐Induced Radical Rearrangement of 2‐(2‐Thienylmethoxy)‐ and 2‐(2‐Benzo(b)thienylmethoxy)tropones.
Authors: TAKESHITA H. , MAMETSUKA H. , MOTOMURA H.
Published: May 2016

2‐Hydroxymethylthiophene (II) is coupled with tropolone (I) to produce the ether (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,6‐Dibromo‐3,7‐dimethyl‐1H,5H‐pyrazolo(1,2‐a)pyrazole‐1,5‐dione.
Authors: BLENDERMAN W. G. , CARROLL P. J. , JOULLIE M. M. , ULATOWSKI T. G. , NEMEROFF N. H.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the dibromopyrazolinone (I) with one equiv. of NaOMe yields the anti isomer (II) (no yield given) of the title compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Induced Ring Cleavage of 4‐Functionalized 3‐Unsaturated Isoxazoles. Synthesis of 5‐Aminoazoles and 4‐Cyanoazoles.
Authors: ALBEROLA A. , ANTOLIN L. F. , GONZALEZ A. M. , LAGUNA M. A. , PULIDO F. J.
Published: May 2016

Basic cleavage of the isoxazoles (I) yields the acrylonitrile derivatives (II), (XI), or (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Substituent Effects Found in the Base‐Catalyzed Reaction of 5‐Methyl‐2‐(4′‐substituted‐phenyl)‐2,4‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazol‐3‐ones.
Authors: MATSUGO S. , TAKAMIZAWA A.
Published: May 2016

The pyrazolones (I) are coupled with acetone to form the isopropylidene derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Benzimidazole‐2‐carbohydrazide with Electrophilic Compounds.
Authors: GRAUBAUM H. , MARTIN D.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (I) reacts with the aldehydes or ketones (II) to give the condensation products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Pentaatomic Heteroaromatic Cations. Part 16. Useful Syntheses of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzoxathiolium Tetrafluoroborates from Carboxylic Acids, Anhydrides, Esters, and Trihalomethyl Compounds.
Authors: BARBERO M. , CADAMURO S. , DEGANI I. , FOCHI R. , GATTI A. , REGONDI V.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐substituted 1,3‐benzoxathiolium salts (III) are prepared by coupling o‐mercaptophenol (I) with the carboxylic acid derivatives and trihalomethyl compounds (II) in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid or boron trifluoride.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ring‐Fused 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles.
Authors: POTTS K. T. , KANE J. M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the α‐amino‐N‐heterocycles (II) with the sulfenyl chloride (I) yields the fused thiadiazole derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2,4‐Triphenyl‐3‐propenoyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzopyran via a Lithiated Allene.
Authors: ADEGOKE E. A. , EMOKPAE T. A. , EPHRAIM‐BASSEY H.
Published: May 2016

1,4‐Butynediol (I) is chlorinated to produce (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Fluorescent 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: NAIR V. , OFFERMAN R. J. , TURNER G. A.
Published: May 2016

When malondialdehyde (I) was allowed to react with glycine methyl ester (IIa) under aqueous acidic conditions for prolonged periods (72 h), a highly fluorescent product was isolated in low yield which was identified by means of UV, MS, 1H, and 13C NMR to be (IVa) (R2: ‐Me).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some 9,9′‐Bis(9‐thioacridinyl)‐α,ω‐ alkanes.
Authors: POULALLION P. , GALY J.‐P. , VINCENT E.‐J. , GALY A.‐M. , BARBE J. , ATASSI G.
Published: May 2016

The acridines (I) react with sulfur to form the thioacridines (II) which can also be prepared from the acridones (III) by sulfuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Pyrido(1,2‐a)benzimidazoles via Reaction of N‐Acyl Arylhydroxylamines with Pyridine.
Authors: ANDERSON D. J. , TAYLOR A. J.
Published: May 2016

The chlorodinitrobenzonitrile (I) is selectively reduced by catalytic hydrogenation or with TiCl3 to produce the hydroxylamines (II) ‐ (IV) or the diamine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Cerebral Perfusion Agents. Synthesis and Evaluation of Berberine Analogues.
Authors: SRIVASTAVA P. C. , TEDJAMULIA M. L. , KNAPP F. F. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Berberine hydrochloride (II) is reduced to yield the tetrahydro derivative (I).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of 4‐Pyrimidinones: Acetylation and Ring‐Opening Reactions.
Authors: SODUM R. S. , KLEIN R. S. , OTTER B. A.
Published: May 2016

The pyrimidones (I) react with acetic anhydride, yielding the acyclic acyl derivatives (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of 5‐Oxo‐5H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo‐(3,2‐a)pyrimidine‐6‐carboxamide.
Authors: DORIA G. , PASSAROTTI C. , SALA R. , MAGRINI R. , SBERZE P. , TIBOLLA M. , BUTTINONI A. , FERRARI M. , TREMOLADA L.
Published: May 2016

The aminothiadiazoles (II) react with the ethoxymethylenemalonate (Ia) to give the enamines (III), which are cyclized to produce the thiadiazolopyrimidines (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved One‐Step Procedure for the Preparation of 1‐Substituted and 1,3‐Disubstituted Uracils and 2‐Thiouracils.
Authors: WINCKELMANN I. , LARSEN E. H.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) are prepared by acylation of ureas or thioureas (II) with 3,3‐dimethoxypropanate (I) in the presence of a strong base, followed by cyclization under acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Barbituric Acids via Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: FRANGIN Y. , GUIMBAL C. , WISSOCQ F. , ZAMARLIK H.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the 5‐benzylidenebarbituric acids (I) with the benzyl or allylzinc bromides (II) yields the 5‐alkylbarbituric acids (III) which are used as starting materials for the triallyl (V), tris‐2‐propynyl (VII), and 5‐hydroxy‐barbituric acid derivatives (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Enamines. Part 46. Synthesis of 5‐Dialkylamino‐1‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Functionalized at C‐4.
Authors: GRASSIVARO N. , ROSSI E. , STRADI R.
Published: May 2016

Cycloaddition reactions of the aryl azides (II) with the 1,1‐diaminoethenes (I) yield the unstable intermediates (III) which release one amino group, forming the triazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel System: 2H‐Pyrido(3,2‐e)‐1,2‐thiazine‐1,1‐dioxide. Synthesis and Properties of Some Derivatives.
Authors: ZAWISZA T. , MALINKA W.
Published: May 2016

The pyridoisothiazoline (Ia) reacts with sodium ethoxide to give the nicotinic acid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Fragmentation and Isomerization Reactions of Phenyl Substituted 2‐Oxo‐ 1,3,2‐dioxathianes (Trimethylene Sulfites).
Authors: OLSEN R. J. , LEWIS T. A. , MEHTA M. A. , STACK J. G.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic sulfites (I) ‐ (III) and (XI) are synthesized from the corresponding trimethylene glycols such as (X) with thionyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Reactions of 1‐Silacyclobut‐2‐en‐1‐ylidene and Molecular Structures of Methanol and Diene Adducts.
Authors: ISHIKAWA M. , SUGISAWA H. , AKITOMO H. , MATSUSAKI K. , KAMITORI S. , HIROTSU K. , HIGUCHI T.
Published: May 2016

The thermolyses of the compounds (II) and (III) prepared by photochemical reaction as shown are investigated in a closed system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of THF Adducts of Lanthanoid Trihexafluoroacetylacetonate.
Authors: YAO K. , CHOPPIN G. R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (I) are prepared by a method basing on the solubility of the hydrates of the tris‐β‐diketonates in organic solvents and their strong tendency in such solvents to replace the hydrate water by less polar adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Deuterium NMR Study of Amino Acid Coordination to Chromium(III).
Authors: GREEN C. A. , PLACE H. , WILLETT R. D. , LEGG J. I.
Published: May 2016

The bis(diamine)Cr(III)‐amino acid dithionate complexes (II) are synthesized as shown with deuterium‐labeled 2‐carbon amino acids which coordinate to Cr(III) in a bidentate fashion through the prim. amine and the carboxylate group.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Ligand Octahedral Co3+ β‐Diketonates, with Acetylacetone, Benzoylacetone and Dibenzoylmethane. Synthesis, Separation of Isomers and Characterization.
Authors: SAAR J.
Published: May 2016

The three series of complexes (I)‐(III) are prepared by reaction of a mixture of two ligands with CoCO3 by a known method.
ChemInform Abstract: Mononuclear Rhodium(I) Complexes of 4‐Amino‐3,5‐bis(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole. Crystal Structure of (Rh(CO)2(NH2bpt))ClO4.
Authors: GARCIA M. P. , MANERO J. A. , ORO L. A. , APREDA M. C. , CANO F. H. , FOCES‐FOCES C. , HAASNOOT J. G. , PRINS R. , REEDIJK J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the Rh(I) dimers (RhClL2)2 (L2: dienes or CO, PPh3) with the potassium salt of the title ligand leads to the neutral square‐planar complexes (Ia‐c) in which the ligand anion acts as a chelate via the amine N atom and one of the pyridine N atoms.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fluxional High‐Nuclearity Gold‐Platinum Cluster: Structure of (Au6Pt(CC‐t‐Bu)(PPh3)7)+(Au(CC‐t‐Bu)2)‐.
Authors: SMITH D. E. , WELCH A. J. , TREURNICHT I. , PUDDEPHATT R. J.
Published: May 2016

The air stable title cluster (III) is prepared by 1:1 molar reaction of the Pt(0) complex (I) with the Au(I) compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Amino Ketones ‐ A Contribution to the Synthesis of Optically Active Derivatives of Amino Acids and Peptides.
Authors: FITTKAU S. , JAHREIS G. , PETERS K. , BALASPIRI L.
Published: May 2016

The N‐Z‐protected methyl ketones (III) are synthesized from the diazo ketones (I) (in turn available from the respective amino acids) via the chloromethyl ketones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Methionine Derivatives with Liver Protecting Activity.
Authors: PICCIOLA G. , ZAVAGLIO G. , RAVENNA F. , GENTILI P. , TEMPRA‐GABBIATI G. , CARENINI G. , RIVA M.
Published: May 2016

The methionine derivatives (I) are prepared by common methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 58. Synthesis of Optically Active 2‐(1‐Hydroxyalkyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylic Acids and 2‐(1‐Aminoalkyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: SCHMIDT U. , GLEICH P. , GRIESSER H. , UTZ R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (VII) and (IX) are prepared from the 2‐acetoxyamides (I) and the 2‐aminoalkylthioamides (X) respectively as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐3,6:4,5‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐glucose Diethyl Dithioacetal and Its Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Analysis.
Authors: LUK K.‐C. , TODARO L. J.
Published: May 2016

Isopropylidenation of the glucose derivative (I) gives the acetal (II) as the main product, together with the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of 3‐Hetero‐1,5‐dialdehydes. Part 16. Reaction of 3‐Hetero‐ 1,5‐dialdehydes with tert‐Butyl Cyanoacetate.
Authors: LOPEZ APARICIO F. J. , SANTOYO GONZALEZ F. , GARCIA MENDOZA P. , HERNANDEZ MATEO F. , DOMINGUEZ MARTINEZ J. A.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the dialdehydes (I) with tert‐butyl cyanoacetate (II) yields the derivatives (IIIa) and (IV) of tetrahydropyran and the tetrahydrothiopyran (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Pheromone Synthesis. Part 97. Synthesis of Both the Enantiomers of Invictolide, a Pheromone Component of the Red Imported Fire Ant.
Authors: MORI K. , NAKAZONO Y.
Published: May 2016

The (‐)‐enantiomer (XVII) of the title compound is synthesized starting from the alkyne (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular (4 + 2) Cycloaddition
Authors: SALAKHOV M. S. , ISMAILOV S. A.
Published: May 2016

Review: (207 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Spectra of Magnesium‐Sodium‐Borate Glasses. Part 1. Far‐Infrared Investigation of the Cation‐Site Interactions. Part 2. Raman and Mid‐Infrared Investigation of the Network Structure.
Authors: KAMITSOS E. I. , CHRYSSIKOS G. D. , KARAKASSIDES M. A.
Published: May 2016

The vibrational study of the xMgO·yNa2O·B2O3 glass system has been carried out in order to elucidate the role of MgO in such glasses.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Oxygen‐17 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Alkaline Earth Metasilicates.
Authors: TIMKEN H. K. C. , SCHRAMM S. E. , KIRKPATRICK R. J. , OLDFIELD E.
Published: May 2016

The isotropic chemical shifts, nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, and electric field gradient tensor asymmetry parameters have been determined for each of the three main types of non‐equivalent oxygen in alkaline earth metasilicates (MgSiO3, CaMgSi2O6, α‐CaSiO3, α‐SrSiO3, and BaSiO3).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 169. 31P‐NMR Spectroscopic Detection and Structure of Hexaphosphane(6), P6H6.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , RIEKEHOF‐BOEHMER R. + , HAHN J.
Published: May 2016

Thermolysis of a mixture of chain‐type phosphorus hydrides, PnHn+2 (n = 2‐7), at 25‐35 °C yield a phosphane mixture containing 5‐10% of the phosphorus as P6H6.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism and Kinetics of Br + HO2 → HBr + O2 (A) and Br + H2O2 → Products (B) Over the Temperature Range 260‐390 K
Authors: TOOHEY D. W. , BRUNE WM. H. , ANDERSON J. G.
Published: May 2016

have been investigated in a discharge flow system employing direct detection of HO2 and Br using laser magnetic resonance and resonance fluorescence.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Sulfur‐Halogen Compounds. Part 14. Kinetics of the Decomposition of Diiododisulfane and Perfluoromethaneiodosulfane.
Authors: MINKWITZ R. , LEKIES R.
Published: May 2016

Due to its bifunctional character, S2I2 decomposes by inter‐ as well as intramolecular iodine formation resulting in a system of competing reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Basicities of Cubane, Dodecahedrane, and Methyl‐ and 1,16‐Dimethyldodecahedrane as Measured by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry.
Authors: SANTOS I. , BALOGH D. W. , DOECKE C. W. , MARSHALL A. G. , PAQUETTE L. A.
Published: May 2016

The relative gas‐phase basicities of eight reference compounds (α‐methylstyrene, isopropyl ether, n‐pentyl ether, 2,4‐dimethyl‐3‐pentanone, methyl benzoate, n‐butyl ether, methyl trimethylacetate, and methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate) are redetermined by FT/ICR MS and are now self‐consistent to less than 0.8 kJ/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: Is Triquinacene Homoaromatic? A Thermochemical Answer in the Affirmative.
Authors: LIEBMAN J. F. , PAQUETTE L. A. , PETERSON J. R. , ROGERS D. W.
Published: May 2016

A thermochemical definition of aromaticity and homoaromaticity is based on the fact that the species of interest with its array of conjugated (homoconjugated) double bonds is thermodynamically more stable than its nonconjugated (nonhomoconjugated) analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Chiral Glycine, Methionine, and Vinylglycine Enolate Derivatives to Aldehydes and Ketones in the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxy Acids.
Authors: SEEBACH D. , JUARISTI E. , MILLER D. D. , SCHICKLI C. , WEBER T.
Published: May 2016

Chiral enolates (e.g.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Diels‐Alder Reactions of 6,7‐Dioxabicyclo(3.2.2)nona‐3,8‐dien‐2‐one and 6,7‐Diethoxycarbonyl‐6,7‐diazabicyclo(3.2.2)nona‐3,8‐dien‐2‐one.
Authors: TAKESHITA H. , MORI A. , SUGIYAMA S. , TSUDA T.
Published: May 2016

Diels‐Alder reaction of the dioxabicyclononadienone (Ia) and cyclopentadiene (II) under high‐pressure conditions gives the cis‐endo‐(4 + 2) adduct (IIIa) and the trans‐endo‐(4 + 2) adduct (IVa), whereas reaction of the diaza derivative (Ib) with (II) under normal pressure gives the cis‐endo adduct (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition and Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐3,3‐ difluorooxaziridine.
Authors: O'BRIEN B. A. , LAM W. Y. , DESMARTEAU D. D.
Published: May 2016

The oxaziridine (I) reacts with the fluoroolefins (II) to form the cycloadducts (III) regiospecifically.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclizations of Allenic Acylureas and ‐amides.
Authors: TRIFONOV L. S. , ORAHOVATS A. S.
Published: May 2016

The allenic acids (I) react with DCC (IIa) under neutral conditions to form the allenic acylureas (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of ortho‐Substituted Benzohydroxamic Acids in Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA).
Authors: CHHAYA P. N. , NIMBALKAR M. M. , HOSANGADI B. D.
Published: May 2016

The ortho‐substituted benzohydroxamic acid derivatives (I), (IV), and (VI) react with PPA to form a variety of different products, depending on the substituents present.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure Effects on the Excited‐State Reaction Dynamics of cis‐Bis(bipyridine)dichlororhodium(III), cis‐Rh(bpy)2Cl+ 2.
Authors: WIELAND S. , DIBENEDETTO J. , VAN ELDIK R. , FORD P. C.
Published: May 2016

The pressure effects on the photosubstitution quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes of the title complex are studied over the range 0‐200 MPa in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Cyclization of 2‐Alkyl‐3‐aryl‐2‐cyclohexenones and 2‐Alkoxy‐3‐aryl‐2‐cyclohexenones.
Authors: FEIGENBAUM A. , FORT Y. , PETE J.‐P. , SCHOLLER D.
Published: May 2016

Photochemical cyclization of the cyclohexenones (Ia) and (Ib) yields the tricyclic compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Control of Regiochemistry in the Reactions of Methyl‐Substituted Pentadienyl Cations with Isobutene.
Authors: MAYR H. , HEILMANN W.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the cations derived from (I) and (IV) with isobutene (II) yields (III) and (V) as the main products and minor amounts of (VI) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Norbornanes. Part 19. The Inductive Model for Norbornyl Cation Formation.
Authors: ALTMANN‐SCHAFFNER E. , GROB C. A.
Published: May 2016

In order to study the effect of C‐6 substituents on the solvolysis of endo‐ or exo‐tosylates, the rate constants for alcoholysis (in 80% ethanol) of (I) and its exo‐isomer are measured conductometrically, showing deceleration factors of 28 and 16, respectively compared with the parent compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 2,3‐Dihydrothiophene‐3‐carboxylates from 2(5H)‐Thiophenones via Sequential Cyclization and Ring‐Opening Reactions of 3‐Thiahexa‐1,5‐dienyl Radicals.
Authors: KIESEWETTER R. , MARGARETHA P.
Published: May 2016

The radical (II), generated from (I) by irradiation, is trapped by 2‐butyne to give (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Heavy Carbene Analogs R2M (M = Si, Ge, Sn). Part 11. Reactions of Thermal Generated Dimethylsilylene with C‐C Multiple Bonds.
Authors: APPLER H. , NEUMANN W. P.
Published: May 2016

The 7‐silanorbornadienes (Ia) and (Ib) thermally generate the dimethylsilylene (III) which can be trapped as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐ and Radiation‐Induced Alkylation of Pyridine Ring with Alkanoic Acid. Effective Alkylation in the Presence of Iron(III) Sulfate.
Authors: SUGIMORI A. , YAMADA T.
Published: May 2016

Quinoline (IV) and 4‐methylquinoline (I) are efficiently alkylated with alkanoic acids (II) in the presence of iron(III) sulfate upon irradiation with visible light.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,2‐Difluoroesters by Iododifluoroacetate‐Copper with Organic Halides.
Authors: TAGUCHI T. , KITAGAWA O. , MORIKAWA T. , NISHIWAKI T. , UEHARA H. , ENDO H. , KOBAYASHI Y.
Published: May 2016

Methyl iododifluoroacetate (I) reacts with the halides (II) in the presence of Cu to give the substitution products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of 2,4,6‐Tris(trimethylsiloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine with Chlorocarbenium Ions: A New Access to 1‐Oxa‐3‐azabutatrienium and 2‐Azaallenium Salts.
Authors: HAMED A. , MUELLER E. + , JOCHIMS J. C.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction, i.e. the reaction of (II) with (I) or (IX), generally yields 1‐oxa‐3‐azabutatrienium salts of type (IV) ((IVa) is transformed to (VI) on heating and base treatment).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Radical Cyclization of Phenolic Nitronates: Facile Synthesis of Annelated Tropone and Tropolone Derivatives.
Authors: KENDE A. S. , KOCH K.
Published: May 2016

The p‐hydroxyphenyl nitroalkanes (I) react with bases and oxidation reagents to yield the fused tropones (II) or (V) depending on the basicity of the medium.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxidative Degradation Approach to p‐Quinones.
Authors: SAA J. M. , MOREY J. , RUBIDO C.
Published: May 2016

The p‐hydroxy cyanohydrins (I), the carboxylic acids (IV), or the aldehydes (VI) and (VIII) undergo oxidative degradation on reaction with Fremy's salt (II) to give the p‐quinones (III), (V), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure Analysis of a Stable 9,10‐Anthraquinodimethane.
Authors: STAAB H. A. , HERBST W. , KRIEGER C.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the anthraquinone (I) with MeLi (II) followed by elimination of H2O leads to the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N‐(1‐Alkinyl)anilines with Sulfonylacetylenes.
Authors: KOSACK S. , HIMBERT G.
Published: May 2016

The furans (III), (V) or (VII) are obtained from the reaction of the alkynes (II), (IV) or (VI) with the corresponding alkynes (I) (in part no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Furan and Thiophene Derivatives with Antifungal Properties.
Authors: MALDONADO J. , GHEMRI H. , VANELLE P. , CROZET M. , TIMON‐DAVID P. , JULIEN J.‐M. , GASQUET M. , AUGIER J. C.
Published: May 2016

Title compounds of type (III) are synthesized as described and screened for their biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of 3‐Vinylthiophene.
Authors: ABARCA B. , BALLESTEROS R. , ENRIQUEZ E. , JONES G.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (I) reacts with various dienophiles ‐ maleic anhydride (II), methyl acrylate (V), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (VII) and methyl propiolate (X) ‐ to give the cycloadducts (III), (VI), (VIII), (IX) and (XI)‐(XV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Intramolecular Enamine/Enal (Enone) Cycloaddition Reaction and Subsequent Transformations.
Authors: SCHREIBER S. L. , MEYERS H. V. , WIBERG K. B.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the aldehydes (I) and (V) (prepared from cyclohexene or (+)‐citronellal, resp.) with the amine (II) results in formation of the enamines and intramolecular (4 + 2) cycloaddition to give cis‐fused adducts (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomer‐Specificity in the Degradation Reaction of D‐Glucopyranuronic Acid Tetraacetate Leading to Comanic Acid in the Acetic Anhydride‐Base System.
Authors: TAJIMA K.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the anomeric D‐glucopyranuronic acid tetraacetate (I) with acetic anhydride in the presence of various bases (II) is investigated; the degradation products (III) ‐ (V) are obtained in different yields, depending on the basicity of the medium.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cycloaddition Reaction Between Styrene and 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydropyridine 1‐Oxide.
Authors: HOOTELE C. , IBEBEKE‐BOMANGWA W. , DRIESSENS F. , SABIL S.
Published: May 2016

The cycloaddition of the title compounds (I) and (II) yields a 98:2 mixture of the diastereoisomeric isoxazolidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Unusual Trimers of Diketene.
Authors: ERNEST I. , FRITZ H. , RIHS G.
Published: May 2016

The novel title compounds (II) and (III) are obtained from (I) as shown and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR data.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene Tetrafluoroborate (BEDT‐TTF)2BF4·CH3CN as a New Organic Metal.
Authors: ZHILYAEVA E. I. , KRASOCHKA O. N. , LYUBOVSKAYA R. N. , LYUBOVSKII R. B. , ATOVMYAN L. O. , KHIDEKEL' M. L.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (IV) is prepared from the tetrathiafulvalene (I), acetonitrile (II), and copper(II) tetrafluoroborate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,6‐Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane‐3,5‐dione Derivatives and 2(1H)‐Pyridinones. ‐ A Contribution to the Regiochemistry and Stereospecificity of 1,4‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyrimidinium‐4‐olates to Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Poor Alkenes.
Authors: GOTTHARDT H. , BLUM J.
Published: May 2016

The enolate (I) undergoes 1,4‐dipolar cycloaddition with the title alkenes (II), (IV), (VI) or (VIII) to afford the title diones (III), (V), (VII) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,2‐Trichloronitrosoethylene as Dienophile or Heterodiene in the Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: ASCHERL B. , KRESZE G. , VAERMAN J. L. , VANDENBULCKE‐COYETTE B. , VIEHE H. G.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (IV) reacts either as a heterodiene with the unsaturated compounds (I), (V), (VII), (X), (XIII) and (XV) to afford the adducts (II), (VI), (VIII), (XI), (XIV) and (XVI), respectively, or as a dienophile with the butadiene (XVII) to give the product (XVIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Aminopyrido(2,3‐c)(1,2,6)thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides: Synthesis and Physico‐Chemical Properties.
Authors: GOYA P. , OCHOA C. , PAEZ J. A. , PFLEIDERER W.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (IIa)‐(IIf) are obtained by the reactions of the diaminothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxide (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or their acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,4‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐chlorobenzo(d)‐1,3,2‐dioxathiin‐2‐oxide.
Authors: DYACHENKO V. I. , KOLOMIETS A. F. , FOKIN A. V.
Published: May 2016

In the attempt to exchange the hydroxy group of the α‐hydroxyhexafluoropropyl substituent in the chlorophenol (I) by chlorine in boiling thionyl chloride the cyclic sulfite (II) was obtained instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions. Part 26. Novel 6‐Membered Rings Generated by Photolysis of Hexa‐tert‐ butylcyclotrisilane in the Presence of Nitriles.
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , SCHAEFER A. + , PETERS K. , VON SCHNERING H. G.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of the hexa‐tert‐butylcyclotrisilane (II) in the presence of acetonitrile (Ia) or benzonitrile (Ic) yields the 1,4‐diaza‐2,5‐disilacyclohexadienes (IIIa) and (IIIb), whereas in the presence of pivalonitrile (Ib) the 1,3‐diaza‐2,5‐disilacyclohexadiene (IV) is formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Effective Chemical Phosphorylation Procedure for Biomolecules.
Authors: BANNWARTH W. , TRZECIAK A.
Published: May 2016

A general chemical phosphorylation method is developed using the reagents (III) which are readily accessible from the respective compounds (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐ and Oxaphosphands, a New Class of Hard/Soft Binucleating Phosphine Macrocycles.
Authors: WEI L. , BELL A. , WARNER S. , WILLIAMS I. D. , LIPPARD S. J.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the azaphosphand (IV) occurs as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3,5,2‐Dioxaphosphoniaborinanes with Aldehydes and Nitriles.
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , NIKONOV G. N. , BALUEVA A. S. , ERASTOV O. A.
Published: May 2016

Phenylphosphine (I), the aldehydes (II), and diphenylboronic acid isobutylester (III) are combined to give the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformation of 2,2‐Disubstituted 5‐Phenyl‐1,3,5‐dioxaphosphorinanes.
Authors: ARBUZOV B. A. , ERASTOV O. A. , IONKII A. S.
Published: May 2016

The bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (Ia) reacts with the ketone acetals (II) to give the dioxaphosphorinanes (III), whereas the coupling of (Ia) or (Ib) with the aldehyde acetals (IV) yields the phosphine (V) and the phosphine oxides (VI) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of Sterically Protected Bicyclic 1,2,3‐Selenadiazole.
Authors: ANDO W. , KUMAMOTO Y. , TOKITOH N.
Published: May 2016

The bicyclic 1,2,3‐selenadiazole (I) is photolyzed in the presence of the olefins (II), yielding (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Vanadium‐Phosphinidene Complex Exhibiting Vanadium‐Phosphorus Multiple Bonding.
Authors: ARIF A. M. , COWLEY A. H. , PAKULSKI M. , NORMAN N. C. , ORPEN A. G.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the phosphine (II) with (I) affords the diamagnetic title complex (III), which crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: (7‐Silanorbornadienyl)cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron Complexes: An Approach to Iron‐Substituted Silylenes.
Authors: MARINETTI‐MIGNANI A. , WEST R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (III) and (IV) are prepared in a two‐step synthesis from the chlorosilacyclopentadiene (I) involving the Diels‐Alder reaction of the silole‐Fe complexes (II) with benzyne or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of 3,3′‐Oxybis((diphenylphosphino)methylbenzene) with Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Rh(I), and Ag(I). How Important is Blackbone Rigidity in the Formation of trans‐Spanning Bidentate Chelates?
Authors: MARTY W. , KAPOOR P. N. , BUERGI H.‐B. + , FISCHER E.
Published: May 2016

The bidentate title diphosphine ligand (I) reacts with appropriate metal salts ((IIIa) in acetone and 2,2‐dimethoxypropane, reflux 10‐60 min; (IIIb) in acetone or MeCN, reflux; (IIIc) in MeCN, reflux) to yield the monomeric trans‐complexes (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Pyrrole Pigments. Part 68. Cation Transport by Tripyrrinoid Ionophores.
Authors: EICHINGER D. , FALK H.
Published: May 2016

The tripyrrinic carrier (IIIa) is synthesized from the aldehyde (Ia) and the dipyrromethenone (II) and its carrier properties for cations are measured using bulk membranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reactivity of 5,8α‐Epidioxy‐5α‐cholestan‐3β‐yl Acetate in Acetic Acid.
Authors: FUHRER H. , RIHS G. , LORENC L. , BONDARENKO L. , KALVODA J. , MIHAILOVIC M. LJ.
Published: May 2016

Thermolysis of the title compound (I) affords the expected 5,10:8,9‐diseco derivative (II) and the rearranged 5α,8α‐epoxide (III) along with a complex mixture of products, which is not further investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of L‐Threonine.
Authors: SOUKUP M. , WIPF B. , HOCHULI E. , LEUENBERGER H. G. W.
Published: May 2016

The racemic amido butyrate (Ic) prepared from the oxoester (Ia) via the oxime (Ib) is transformed to the enantiomeric optically active alcohols (IIa)/(IIb) by microbiological reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Cyano‐δ2‐ and ‐δ3‐dihydropyran and ‐thiopyran Derivatives.
Authors: LOPEZ APARICIO F. J. , SANTOYO GONZALEZ F. , GARCIA MENDOZA P. , HERNANDEZ MATEO F.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the compounds (I), (III), and (VI) with p‐toluenesulfonic acid in acetic anhydride yields the elimination products (II), (IV), and (V), or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Heptacyclic Aspidosperma Alkaloids. Part 2. Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Obscurinervidine.
Authors: BRENNAN J. P. , SAXTON J. E.
Published: May 2016

The total synthesis of the title compound (±)‐(XI), a constituent of Aspidosperma obscurinervium Azambuja and A. neblinae Monachino, can be carried out as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods and Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 65. A Stereoselective Synthesis of Tilivalline.
Authors: MORI S. , AOYAMA T. , SHIOIRI T.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of tilivalline (Xa), a metabolite from klebsiella, and the related compounds (Xb) and (Xc) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Protected Oligonucleotide Blocks. Applications to Block Condensation on a Polymer Support and Synthesis of a 3′‐Modified Oligonucleotide.
Authors: IWAI S. , KOIZUMI M. , IKEHARA M. , OHTSUKA E.
Published: May 2016

New protected nucleoside phosphoramidates (III) linked to a polymer support are synthesized by attaching the species (I), the preparation of which is described, to the polymer species (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(4′‐Amino‐4′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxamide, a Carbon‐Linked Nucleoside with a Free Pyrrolidine Sugar.
Authors: KINI G. D. , HENNEN W. J. , ROBINS R. K.
Published: May 2016

The α‐L‐lyxopyranoside (I) is transformed into the aminoribopyranoside (IIb) via reduction of the azide (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Neurokinin B Analogs Substituted with Glycine.
Authors: HASHIMOTO T. , MORO T. , UCHIDA Y.
Published: May 2016

The four analogs (II) and (III) of neurokinin B (= neuromedin K) (I) are synthesized by Merrifields solid phase method, and their pharmacological properties are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Microbial Chemistry. Part 13. Synthesis of (‐)‐Talaromycins A and B.
Authors: MORI K. , IKUNAKA M.
Published: May 2016

(‐)‐Talaromycin A (Xd) and B (XIIb) are synthesized according to the pathway shown in the scheme.
Final overall survival results of a randomized trial comparing bortezomib plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Orlowski Robert Z. , Nagler Arnon , Sonneveld Pieter , Bladé Joan , Hajek Roman , Spencer Andrew , Robak Tadeusz , Dmoszynska Anna , Horvath Noemi , Spicka Ivan , Sutherland Heather J. , Suvorov Alexander N. , Xiu Liang , Cakana Andrew , Parekh Trilok , San‐Miguel Jesús F.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Previous results from an interim analysis of an open‐label, randomized, phase 3 study demonstrated that bortezomib combined with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) was superior to bortezomib monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received one or more lines of therapy. Protocol‐defined final survival data from that study are provided here.

METHODS

Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either bortezomib alone (1.3 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of every 21‐day cycle) or bortezomib‐PLD (bortezomib plus PLD 30 mg/m2 intravenously on day 4). The primary endpoint was the time to progression. Secondary efficacy endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, and the overall response rate.

RESULTS

In total, 646 patients (bortezomib‐PLD, n = 324; bortezomib alone, n = 322) were randomized between December, 2004, and March, 2006. On the clinical cutoff date (May 16, 2014) for the final survival analysis, at a median follow‐up of 103 months, 79% of patients had died (bortezomib‐PLD group: 253 of 324 patients; 78%; bortezomib alone group: 257 of 322 patients; 80%). The median OS in the bortezomib‐PLD group was 33 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.9‐37.1) versus 30.8 months (95% CI, 25.2‐36.5) in the bortezomib alone group (hazard ratio, 1.047; 95% CI, 0.879‐1.246; P = .6068). Salvage therapies included conventional and novel drugs, which were well balanced between the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite inducing a superior time to progression, long‐term follow‐up revealed that PLD‐bortezomib did not improve OS compared with bortezomib alone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The inability to sustain the early observed survival advantage may have been caused by the effects of subsequent lines of therapy, and underscores the need for long‐term follow‐up of phase 3 trials while recognizing the challenge of having adequate power to detect long‐term differences in OS. Cancer 2016;122:2050–6. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Materials for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection
Authors: Tan Xianjun , Melkersson Jenny , Wu Shiqun , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: May 2016

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an attractive tool for the sensing of molecules in the fields of chemical and biochemical analysis as it enables the sensitive detection of molecular fingerprint information even at the single‐molecule level. In addition to traditional coinage metals in SERS analysis, recent research on noble‐metal‐free materials has also yielded highly sensitive SERS activity. This Minireview presents the recent development of noble‐metal‐free materials as SERS substrates and their potential applications, especially semiconductors and emerging graphene‐based nanostructures. Rather than providing an exhaustive review of this field, possible contributions from semiconductor substrates, characteristics of graphene enhanced Raman scattering, as well as effect factors such as surface plasmon resonance, structure and defects of the nanostructures that are considered essential for SERS activity are emphasized. The intention is to illustrate, through these examples, that the promise of noble‐metal‐free materials for enhancing detection sensitivity can further fuel the development of SERS‐related applications.
Relational Patterns and the Development of the Alliance: A Systematic Comparison of two Cases
Authors: Schattner Emanuel , Tishby Orya , Wiseman Hadas
Published: May 2016

A systematic case study approach was taken to explore the impact of client and therapist relational patterns on the development of the therapeutic alliance and symptom reduction in two cases of psychodynamic psychotherapy treated by the same therapist. The cases were selected from a larger sample and represent two distinct trajectories of alliance development: improvement versus deterioration. The comparison was based on participants' ongoing narratives about each other and about significant others, using the Relationship Anecdote Paradigm (RAP) interview. The qualitative findings were triangulated with process and outcome measures assessed at four time points during the year of treatment. We hypothesized that different therapeutic processes, including different handling by the therapist of interpersonal difficulties as they arose in treatment, could explain the two distinct trajectories of alliance development and symptom change within the caseload of one therapist. Results indicate two linked elements that may explain a steady increase in alliance and decrease in symptoms in one case, compared with the second case that started with an increase in alliance and symptom improvement, but gradually reached an impasse and a setback in symptoms. One element was the extent to which client's and therapist's relational patterns clashed, impacting each other negatively. The second was the extent to which differences and disagreements were stated openly and negotiated so that the therapist could flexibly adapt to meet the client's relational patterns in one case versus inability to do so in the other. Implications for training and other psychotherapy orientations are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The interaction of client and therapist relational patterns may be a key factor in the development of the therapeutic alliance and might potentially impact client outcome.

Therapeutic practice will likely be improved if therapists are more aware of their own relational patterns and the ways these interact with their clients' relational patterns.

Striving for this awareness should probably be a main focal point for therapists throughout their careers, in their training, supervisions and personal therapies.
Fundamentals of fractional‐order LTI circuits and systems: number of poles, stability, time and frequency responses
Authors: Semary Mourad S. , Radwan Ahmed G. , Hassan Hany N.
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates some basic concepts of fractional‐order linear time invariant systems related to their physical and non‐physical transfer functions, poles, stability, time domain, frequency domain, and their relationships for different fractional‐order differential equations. The analytical formula that calculates the number of poles in physical and non‐physical s‐plane for different orders is achieved and verified using many practical examples. The stability contour versus the number of poles in the physical s‐plane for different fractional‐order systems is discussed in addition to the effect of the non‐physical poles on the steady state responses. Moreover, time domain responses based on Mittag‐Leffler functions for both physical and non‐physical transfer functions are discussed for different cases, which confirm the stability analysis. Many fractional‐order linear time invariant systems based on fractional‐order differential equations have been discussed numerically in both time and frequency domains to validate the previous fundamentals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understand technical standards in health science and medical education
Authors: Blacklock Barbara , Montgomery Timothy
Published: May 2016

Facilitating access for students enrolled in health science and medical education requires a more nuanced process. One key difference is the existence of specific skills that students must meet for admissions, progression and graduation.