bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA ANTIBODY PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS USING WIDAL TITER AT A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION IN NORTHEAST DELHI
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) hospital, Delhi 110095, India., Gangar Seema , Ahmad Nadeem ,   Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) hospital, Delhi University, Delhi 110095, India., Goma Monika ,   Post graduate Department of Microbiology and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) hospital, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University, Delhi 110095, India., Das Shukla ,   Director Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) hospital, Delhi University, Delhi 110095, India
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Enteric fever continues to pose a significant public health challenge in India. The detection of enteric fever through laboratory diagnosis relies predominantly on serological tests. Among these tests, the widal test stands out as a cost-effective, readily accessible, and widely employed method for serologically diagnosing enteric fever. Objective: This study aimed for comprehensive analysis of Salmonella antibody prevalence in patients using widal titer at a tertiary care institution in north-east Delhi. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study, that employed the widal tube agglutination test to 9,665 blood samples over a period of eighteen months (January 2022 to July 2023) for the serodiagnosis of enteric fever. Results: In a year and a half study, 11% of the population exhibited significant agglutination titre of ≥1:128, indicating exposure to infection. The estimated prevalence of enteric fever by Salmonella Typhi, paratyphi A and B detected by the widal test was 10.98%, 0.54%, and 0.052%, respectively. Notably, two distinct surges in enteric cases were observed during the late winter to early spring and during monsoon. Enteric predominantly affected females (55.7%) compared to males (44.2%). The age group most affected was 11 to 30 years, with a prevalence of 51.9%, followed by young children aged between 1-10 years (30.5%). Conclusion: Enteric fever remains a significant healthcare concern in India, particularly among the younger demographic. The diagnosis of enteric fever still predominantly relies on serological testing, such as the widal test, in developing nations.
The History of the Development of Doctrines on Criminal Personality in the Period of Antiquity and the Middle Ages
Authors: Kolsarieva N. , Abdusalamuulu B.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to one of the actual topics of modern criminology and criminal law. The authors reveal the history of formation and development of the doctrines on the personality of the criminal in the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages. The authors used works of ancient and medieval thinkers, philosophers and representatives of religion during the study, which allowed them to explore this topic more deeply. As an example, they cited the statements, opinions and positions of such thinkers as Aristotle, Plato, Democritus, F. Aquinas and others. A comparative analysis of the evolution of the doctrine of criminal personality in the ancient world and in the Middle Ages was carried out, which helped to formulate some conclusions on the results of the study. The authors determined the purpose, subject and relevance of the study, used the necessary methods of cognition.
Theoretical Methods of Unification of Normative Legal Terminology
Authors: Toktobaev B. , Urmatova A.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the conditions and directions of unification of normative legal acts. The author identifies the following areas of unification: the creation of unified normative acts; the formation of normative legal acts with a single structure; increasing the list of norms common to similar normative legal acts, norms regulating the same type of public relations; creating conditions for the development of a unified legal terminology in order to ensure the general meaning of legal norms. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the set of methods used depends entirely on the specifics of the conditions for the unification of normative legal acts, i.e. on the specifics of regulated legal relations. Unification is a law-making process taking place at the interstate and national levels. In the latter case, unification takes place, i.e. The development of uniform norms of law also takes place at the interstate level, but the achievement of the final result largely depends on the desire of each particular State to create in national legislation norms of law identical to the norms developed at the interstate level. Considering this and other circumstances, it seems that unification is a process of creating and consolidating uniform rules of conduct that takes place at the interstate and national levels within the legal framework established by international and national norms of law.
Criminal Liability of Legal Entities in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Specifics of the Application of Criminal Law Terms
Authors: Smanaliev K. , Salybekova T.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the dynamics of the development of the doctrinal concept of criminal liability of a legal entity, examines the points of view of leading scientists of criminal and criminal procedure law on existing and promising areas of development of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities in Kyrgyzstan and other countries. The appearance of quasi-criminal liability of legal entities in the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic seems justified. The article provides a number of arguments in support of the innovations introduced into the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic regarding the criminal liability of legal entities. In this scientific article, the author reveals the content and dynamics of the development of modern doctrinal discussions on the key problems of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities in the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic and the positions of the main scientific schools of Kyrgyzstan, Russia and abroad on theoretical issues of criminal liability. legal entities; to identify the main scientific doctrines concerning the understanding of criminal liability of legal entities; to consider the prevailing points of view on the category of the subject of criminal liability. The article also used traditional general scientific research methods such as the dialectical method of cognition, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc., as well as private scientific legal methods, including formal legal, the method of legal interpretation, etc. The main sources of information are electronic versions of official publications of normative legal acts of the Kyrgyz Republic, special literature on the research topic. The article also substantiates the conclusion that in the theory of criminal law, the category of “legal entity as a subject of criminal liability” is by far the most controversial.
Bipolar Disorders and Seasonality
Authors: Bourin Michel
Published: October 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and common neurodevelopmental psychiatric illness (1 to 4% of the general population). The severity and prognosis of this disease is partly linked to a high rate of recurrence of mood episodes with 70 to 80% relapses on average 2 years after a major episode (depressive or manic), despite treatments. These recurrences may follow a seasonal cyclicity for a significant number of patients. Almost all functions of the body are subject to the circadian rhythm, that is to say a 24-hour cycle. Thus, disorders of this rhythm can have consequences on sleep as well as on metabolism, the functioning of the cardiovascular system, the immune system as well as mood. However, the study of the effect of seasons in BD, presents a complex and heterogeneous literature, which to date does not benefit from an exhaustive synthesis. However, this article tends to improve knowledge of the influence of the biological clock on the symptoms of BD.
PENJARINGAN BAKAT SISWA-SISWI SMP/MTS PADA CABANG OLAHRAGA ATLETIK MELALUI MADRASAH ISLAMIC COMPETITION (MIC) 2024
Authors: Ulum Shohibul , Yogo Dwi P Ajodyo , Sulaiman Ahmad , Sumanjaya Wahman
Published: October 2024

The lack of athletic competitions in Jember Regency, causing a decrease in achievement. Therefore, Madrasah Islamic Competition (MIC) cooperates with PASI (Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency to organise competitions, one of which is athletic sports, especially running numbers. Madrasah Islamic Competition (MIC) is a competition event held by MAN 2 Jember to facilitate the talents and potential of junior high school / middle school students throughout Besuki Prefecture. One of the branches contested is the 100 m and 400 m run. Talent screening in this athletic sport is the main focus, with the aim of identifying and developing the potential of young athletes who can represent their schools and regions in larger competitions. This service activity aims to make it easier for PASI (All Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency to choose athletes who are eligible to compete in the PORPROV (Provincial Sports Week). This service method uses several stages including; (1) Preparation Stage, (2) Implementation Stage, (3) Evaluation and Reporting Stage. This service activity aims to facilitate the coaches and administrators of PASI (All Indonesian Athletics Association) Jember Regency in selecting athletic athletes to be prepared for the PORPROV (Provincial Sports Week) event. So that students have the motivation to be selected to join the Jember Regency contingent in facing the event.
Pengaruh Komitmen Terhadap Kesetiaan Pasangan Di Desa Nebe
Authors: Angelina Br. Barus Debi , Hans Monteiro Yohanes , Martina Peni Fransiska , Tela Tekladia Dadi , Fransiska Kleden Maria , Alexandro Fransesco
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah komitmen berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pasangan suami istri yang berselingkuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen, dengan design penelitian, two group. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 30 pasang suami istri, dengan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dengan nilai uji t (hipotesis) sig. (2-tailed sebesar 0.000<0.05), artinya bahwa komitmen berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pasangan suami istri yang berselingkuh. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa komitmen berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pasangan suami istri yang berselingkuh.
PENGUATAN EKONOMI LOKAL PADA PELAKU UMKM BERBASIS DIGITAL DI DESA JOMBOK JOMBANG
Authors: Rully P Mochamad , Zuhdi Athaullah M Afiif , Purbo Singgih , Septya Agung Purnama  , Wahyu Nanang , Firmanuddin M , H Uswatun , Raafi’ud D.A M , Pamungkas Mada
Published: October 2024

Pada era industri 4.0, pengetahuan teknologi, khususnya teknologi informasi sangat penting. UMKM adalah perusahaan mikro yang seharusnya menggunakan akses informasi untuk kesejahteraan ekonomi suatu daerah, tetapi sebaliknya. Masalah saat ini dengan UMKM termasuk kurangnya modal dan pengetahuan tentang teknologi informasi. Desa Jombok adalah salah satu desa dengan pelaku UMKM dengan pengetahuan teknologi informasi minimal. Metode implementasi adalah metode diskusi dengan format Pelatihan mengenai mengidentifikasi masalah dengan penggunaan media teknologi. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dihadiri oleh 56 peserta yang terdiri dari pejabat desa, pelaku UMKM, dan waduk yang sadar pariwisata. Akibatnya, semua peserta menunjukkan minat besar dalam menggunakan pemasaran media sosial secara terus menerus.
PENDAMPINGAN SISTEM INFORMASI BARANG BERBASIS WEB UD. ASAFA JAMUR TIRAM
Authors: Muflihah Nur , Ayu N.F.A Fatma , Mayasari Andhika , Sumarsono Sumarsono , Minto Minto , Yulianto Totok , Rahmawan Sulung
Published: October 2024

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) dilakukan di UD. Asafa Jamur Tiram yang merupakan kelompok usaha yang memproduksi jamur tiram segar dan menyediakan media tanam baglog. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dengan mitra terdapat permasalahan yang dihadapi terkait dengan sistem informasi barang yang selama ini dilakukan pencatatan secara manual. Perkembangan usaha menuntut agar informasi lebih cepat dan tepat sehingga diperlukan suatu sistem perencanaan yang efisien dalam pengeloaan dan pencatatan persediaan bahan, stok barang, produk jadi dan informasi keluar masuk barang. Oleh karena itu dalam program pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah diperkenalkan sistem informasi barang berbasis web yang memungkinkan database terpusat dan dapat diakses dimana saja. Pelaksanaan PKM dilakukan dengan pertama-tama melakukan koordinasi dengan mitra mencari permasalahan yang dihadapi kemudian merencanakan program kegiatan PKM. Selanjutnya menyusun panduan materi pendampingan, kemudian pelaksanaan kegiatan pendampingan, dan melakukan evaluasi hasil pelaksanaan pendampingan. Hasil dari adanya program pendampingan ini mitra merasa puas dan penerapan aplikasi web tersebut dapat meningkatkan pengelolaan barang dan penjualan karena adanya sharing informasi persediaan dari pusat manajemen sampai tingkat bawah.
Mechanisms of microbe-mediated immune development in the context of antibiotics and asthma
Authors: Donald Katherine , Finlay B. Brett
Published: October 2024

The gut houses 70%–80% of the body's immune cells and represents the main point of contact between the immune system and the outside world. Immune maturation occurs largely after birth and is guided by the gut microbiota. In addition to the many human clinical studies that have identified relationships between gut microbiota composition and disease outcomes, experimental research has demonstrated a plethora of mechanisms by which specific microbes and microbial metabolites train the developing immune system. The healthy maturation of the gut microbiota has been well-characterized and discreet stages marked by changes in abundance of specific microbes have been identified. Building on Chapter 8, which discusses experimental models used to study the relationship between the gut microbiota and asthma, the present review aims to dive deeper into the specific microbes and metabolites that drive key processes in immune development. The implications of microbiota maturation patterns in the context of asthma and allergies, as well as the effects of antibiotics on microbe-immune crosstalk, will also be discussed.
A comprehensive review of the ecology and conservation status of spot-tailed earless lizards (Holbrookia lacerata and Holbrookia subcaudalis)
Authors: Rangel E. Drake , Henke Scott E. , Ayala Ruby A. , Eversole Cord B.
Published: October 2024

Spot-tailed Earless Lizards (STEL; Plateau STEL, Holbrookia lacerata; and Tamaulipan STEL, Holbrookia subcaudalis) are lizard species that are in decline both in number and distribution. As a result, this species has been considered for federal threatened status and a 90-day finding by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service stated that federal protection may be warranted. To date, a decision for Endangered Species Act listing for the Plateau STEL has been denied, but a judgement for the Tamaulipan STEL has not yet been decided. The requests to list STEL as a threatened species initiated numerous studies to investigate the status of both species and to add to the knowledge base of STEL. Though many studies have been conducted, much of the resulting information exists in gray literature (e.g., governmental reports, project summaries, etc.) that are not readily available or peer-reviewed. Herein, we consolidate the research results from scientific literature, governmental reports, and petitions to assist future researchers of STEL. We describe the natural history of STEL, their current taxonomy, conservation status, and discuss potential causes for their decline. Our goal is to provide the needed background knowledge for future researchers and policy makers.
Artificial ground freezing for underground construction – a brief review of the theory, practice and challenge
Authors: Mao Huan , Huang Jie , Johnson Drew W.
Published: October 2024

Since Artificial ground Freezing (AGF) appeared in the 1880s in the mining sector in Europe, it has been used for various construction applications worldwide. In recent years, it has been increasingly popular in urban projects due to its versatility and applicability to complicated site conditions. So far, it has been used to stabilize substrata to nearly 1,000 m below the ground surface, which is considered not possible for many other ground improvement technologies. Due to the growth in field applications, the practice and theories related to AGF have become more mature in the most recent two decades. The improvement in understanding of this topic is a result of lessons that have been learned through numerous projects, as well as a variety of comprehensive studies that have been completed. This paper reviews the existing practice, the recent development on AGF and the challenges of AGF.
Efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene using cuprous oxide derivatives
Authors: Dong Wenfei , Fu Dewen , Zhang Zhifeng , Wu Zhiqiang , Zhao Hongjian , Liu Wangsuo
Published: October 2024

Copper-based materials play a vital role in the electrochemical transformation of CO2 into C2/C2+ compounds. In this study, cross-sectional octahedral Cu2O microcrystals were prepared in situ on carbon paper electrodes via electrochemical deposition. The morphology and integrity of the exposed crystal surface (111) were meticulously controlled by adjusting the deposition potential, time, and temperature. These cross-sectional octahedral Cu2O microcrystals exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for ethylene (C2H4) production through CO2 reduction. In a 0.1 M KHCO3 electrolyte, the Faradaic efficiency for C2H4 reached 42.0% at a potential of −1.376 V vs. RHE. During continuous electrolysis over 10 h, the FE (C2H4) remained stable around 40%. During electrolysis, the fully exposed (111) crystal faces of Cu2O microcrystals are reduced to Cu0, which enhances C-C coupling and could serve as the main active sites for catalyzing the conversion of CO2 to C2H4.
Genetic characterization of Neisseria meningitidis isolates recovered from patients with invasive meningococcal disease in Lithuania
Authors: Slavinska Anželika , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Kirkliauskienė Agnė , Vizuje Greta , Siedlecki Paweł , Bikulčienė Joana , Tamošiūnienė Kristina , Petrutienė Aurelija , Kuisiene Nomeda
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for life-threatening invasive infections known as invasive meningococcal disease and is associated with high fatality rates and serious lifelong disabilities among survivors.

Methods

This study aimed to characterize N. meningitidis isolates cultured from blood and cerebrospinal fluid collected between 2009 and 2021 in Lithuania, assess their genomic relationships with European strains, and evaluate the possibility of using a cost-effective method for strain characterization, thus improving the national molecular surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease. In total, 321 N. meningitidis isolates were collected and analyzed using multilocus restriction typing (MLRT). Amplification of the penA gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed to identify the modified penA genes. Based on the MLRT genotyping results, we selected 10 strains for additional analysis using whole-genome sequencing. The sequenced genomes were incorporated into a dataset of publicly available N. meningitidis genomes to evaluate genomic diversity and establish phylogenetic relationships within the Lithuanian and European circulating strains.

Results

We identified 83 different strains using MLRT genotyping. Genomic diversity of N. meningitidis genomes analysed revealed 21 different sequence types (STs) circulating in Lithuania. Among these, ST34 was the most prevalent. Notably, three isolates displayed unique combinations of seven housekeeping genes and were identified as novel STs: ST16969, ST16901, and ST16959. The analyzed strains were found to possess virulence factors not commonly found in N. meningitidis. Six distinct penA profiles were identified, each with different frequencies. In the present study, we also identified N. meningitidis strains with new penA, NEIS0123, NEIS1320, NEIS1525, NEIS1600, and NEIS1753 loci variants. In our study, using the cgMLST scheme, Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) analysis did not identify significant geographic relationships between Lithuanian N. meningitidis isolates and strains from Europe.

Discussion

Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ whole genome sequencing (WGS) method for a comprehensive genetic characterization of invasive N. meningitidis isolates from Lithuania. This approach provides a more detailed and precise analysis of genomic relationships and diversity compared to prior studies relying on traditional molecular typing methods and antigen analysis.
The influence of perilipin 5 deficiency on gut microbiome profiles in murine metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and MAFLD-hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Krizanac Marinela , Štancl Paula , Mass-Sanchez Paola Berenice , Karlić Rosa , Moeckel Diana , Lammers Twan , Asimakopoulos Anastasia , Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Over the years, Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) has been recognized as a key regulator of both MAFLD and HCC development. In our previous studies we demonstrated that deficiency in Plin5 reduces the severity of MAFLD and HCC in mice. Interestingly, it has been established that patients with MAFLD and HCC exhibit various changes in their gut microbiome profiles. The gut microbiome itself has been shown to play a role in modulating carcinogenesis and the immune response against cancer.

Methods

Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the alterations in fecal microbiome composition in wild type (WT) and Plin5-deficient (Plin5-/-) mice models of MAFLD and MAFLD-induced HCC (MAFLD-HCC). We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to profile the composition of gut bacteria in fecal samples.

Results

Notably, we discovered that the absence of Plin5 alone is already associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Moreover, feeding the mice a Western diet (WD) resulted in additional microbial alterations. Interestingly, Plin5-/- animals exhibited an enrichment of the beneficial taxa Lactobacillus in both animal models.

Discussion

Our findings identify Plin5 as a major regulator of gut microbiota during the development of MAFLD and MAFLD-HCC.
Porphyromonas gingivalis triggers microglia activation and neurodegenerative processes through NOX4
Authors: Magnusson Anna , Wu Rongrong , Demirel Isak
Published: October 2024

Periodontitis and infections with periodontal bacteria have been highlighted as risk factors for dementia. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the role of microglia cells in neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is limited knowledge of the influence of periodontal bacteria on microglia cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interactions between the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and microglia cells and to unravel whether these interactions could contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. We found, through microarray analysis, that stimulation of microglia cells with P. gingivalis resulted in the upregulation of several Alzheimer’s disease-associated genes, including NOX4. We also showed that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides (LPS) mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) induction via NOX4 in microglia. The viability of neurons was shown to be reduced by conditioned media from microglia cells stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS and the reduction was NOX4 dependent. The levels of total and phosphorylated tau in neurons were increased by conditioned media from microglia cells stimulated with P. gingivalis or LPS. This increase was NOX4-dependent. In summary, our findings provide us with a potential mechanistic explanation of how the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis could trigger or exacerbate AD pathogenesis.
How is autism portrayed in news media? A corpus-based, mixed-methods analysis in China
Authors: Zhou Wanting , Guan Wei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

News media play an important role in shaping public perceptions of and attitudes toward people with autism. This study examines news reports about autism in China Daily over the past 20 years, from 2003 to 2022.

Methods

This study employed both quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Results

The findings reveal that news coverage on autism predominantly centers on children, with a significant shift in focus from support by family members and schools to support at the broader societal and governmental levels. Further, the overall representation of autism remains predominantly negative and rooted in prejudice. In terms of gender representation, autism is often depicted more frequently as male-oriented. However, a more diverse representation of age groups has emerged. Finally, while news media subtly convey negative attitudes toward autism, they also demonstrate a concurrent concern for the condition, reflecting a complex and nuanced attitude toward people with autism.

Discussion

Our study indicates that corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis allows researchers to compare news over time, thus offering insights into changing discourses. The analysis can also reduce bias and uncover the implicit attitudes of news media toward autism by analyzing patterns of words and discourses.
The predictive role of the TAPSE/sPAP ratio for cardiovascular events and mortality in systemic sclerosis with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: de Pinto Marco , Coppi Francesca , Spinella Amelia , Pagnoni Gianluca , Morgante Vernizia , Macripò Pierluca , Boschini Matteo , Guerra Anna Francesca , Tampieri Francesca , Secchi Ottavio , Orlandi Martina , Amati Gabriele , Lumetti Federica , Sandri Gilda , Rossi Rosario , Boriani Giuseppe , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Ferri Clodoveo , Giuggioli Dilia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Reduced TAPSE/sPAP ratio has recently emerged as a predictive parameter risk factor for PH, however its role in SSc has been poorly investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic value of the TAPSE/sPAP ratio for the prediction of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with SSc complicated by PH. A comparison between SSc patients with PAH (SSc-PAH) and those with PH and significant ILD (SSc-PH) was also carried out.

Materials and methods

A retrospective single-center study in which all patients having SSc—complicated by PH—referring to the Scleroderma-Unit of the AOU Policlinico of Modena, from October 2013 to October 2023 were evaluated. All SSc patients underwent recurrent clinical examination, routine blood chemistry analysis, functional, instrumental evaluation.

Results

61 SSc patients (F/M 52/9) were enrolled. During the follow-up, 60.1% of patients experienced at least one cardiovascular event and 62% died. The main causes of death were PH (39.4%) and other heart-related events (39.4%). The TAPSE/sPAP ratio was significantly lower in deceased patients compared to survivors (mm/mmHg 0.3 ± 0.12SD vs. 0.48 ± 0.17SD, p < 0.001). Compared to the SSc-PAH subgroup, the SSc-PH patients had lower survival rates (55.3 ± 31.2 SD months vs. 25 ± 19 SD, p = 0,05). At the multivariate analysis, TAPSE/sPAP ratio <0.32 mm/mmHg, male gender, and the presence of significant ILD were identified as independent predictors of mortality and cardiovascular events.

Conclusion

Our work confirmed the predictive role of the TAPSE/sPAP ratio for mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with SSc complicated by PH.
Charge density mapping demonstrates superiority in catheter ablation of post-surgical atrial tachycardias
Authors: Gagyi Rita B. , Minciuna Ioan A. , Bories Wim , Szili-Torok Tamas
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Atrial tachycardia (AT) frequently occurs after cardiac surgery or surgical ablation procedures. The novel charge density-based mapping system (CDM) provides global chamber mapping and can detect crucial pathways of conduction; therefore, it has potential added value in catheter ablation (CA) of post-surgical ATs. We aimed to test the hypothesis that CDM-guided CA procedures are safe, feasible, and may improve outcome compared to conventional sequential 3D mapping (CARTO)-based CA.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients undergoing CA for post-surgical AT guided by CDM or CARTO were enrolled. Procedural safety and efficiency were analyzed. Acute success, one-year outcome was assessed. A total of 35 patients (mean age 60.8 ± 10.6 years, 42.9% female) underwent CA of AT using CDM (n = 20) and CARTO (n = 15). A total of 61 ATs were mapped (35 in CDM and 26 in CARTO group). Four patients had focal ATs, 22 macro re-entrant, and 8 patients had ATs with both mechanisms. No differences were found in procedural complication (CDM 3 vs. CARTO 1 patient, p = 0.61). There were no differences in procedure duration (185.9 vs. 147.9 min, p = 0.09), fluoroscopy dose (165.0 vs. 155.0 mGy, p = 0.31), RF application number (28.0 vs. 18.0, p = 0.17) or duration (1,251.5 vs. 1,060.0 s, p = 0.54). Acute success was 95.0% in CDM and 73.3% in CARTO group (p = 0.14). Cumulative AT recurrence rates were lower in CDM group compared to CARTO group (10.0% vs. 46.7%, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The CDM system is feasible. Our data suggest that patients treated with CDM-guided CA developed fewer AT recurrences as compared to CARTO-guided procedures.
Association between ablation-induced baroreceptor reflex modification and procedure efficacy in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zuk Anna , Piotrowski Roman , Sikorska Agnieszka , Kowalik Ilona , Kulakowski Piotr , Baran Jakub
Published: October 2024

Background

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a significant role in atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established treatment method for AF and significantly affects the ANS, including baroreceptor (BR) function. However, little is known about the changes in BR function caused by radiofrequency (RF) or cryoballoon energy (CB) and its impact on future AF recurrences.

Purpose

To assess 1-year efficacy of CA of AF in relation to BR function modification and type of ablation energy used.

Methods

The study group consisted of 78 patients (25 females, mean age 58 ± 9 years) with paroxysmal AF and first CA (39 patients in the RF group and 39 in the CB group). The BR function was assessed non-invasively, using tilt testing before and after CA, and three BR parameters were calculated: event count (BREC) depicting overall BR activity, slope mean depicting BR sensitivity (BRS), and BR effectiveness index (BEI). The efficacy of CA was assessed during 1-year follow-up, which consisted of ambulatory visits and 24-h Holter ECG recordings at 3, 6, and 12 months after CA. The quality of life was assessed by using a dedicated scale [University of Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale (AFSS)].

Results

The two groups did not show differences in terms of clinical or demographic data. One-year follow-up was completed for 35 (89.7%) patients from the CB group and for 34 (87.2%) from the RF group. The rates of efficacy of CB and RF were similar [31/35 (88.6%) vs. 26/34 (76.5%), respectively]. After CA, the BR function decreased in both groups, with a significantly greater decrease in the CB group. The changes in BR parameters were similar in both responders and non-responders after CA in the whole group [BREC 10.0 (2.0–24.0) vs. 12.0 (4.0–21.5), p = 0.939; BRS 5.4 (3.7–6.5) vs. 4.8 (3.6–7.2), p = 0.809; BEI 24.8 (15.9–27.4) vs. 17.5 (8.9–27.5), p = 0.508, respectively]. According to the AFSS, the AF symptoms were significantly reduced in both groups to a similar extent.

Conclusions

CA for AF significantly decreased the BR function, especially in patients undergoing CB. There was no correlation between CA-induced changes in BR parameters and ablation outcome.
Exploration of physical activity, sedentary behavior and insulin level among short sleepers
Authors: Chen Yuquan , You Yanwei , Wei Mengxian , Yang Ping , Zhang Qi , Li Xingzhong , Zuo Qun , Cao Qiang
Published: October 2024

Background

Sufficient physical activity and sleep duration are essential for overall health. While one-third of the US population reports short sleep (<7 h), which is proven to link with negative health status. Current evidence on the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and serum insulin level in short sleep groups is limited.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to conduct this cross-sectional study of 8,494 adults (NHANES) 2007–2018. Serum insulin was quantitatively tested by human insulin immunoassay. Short sleep conditions were defined as ≤7 h per night. Physical activity conditions, including work activity, recreational activity, and sedentary behavior, were self-reported in NHANES by the Physical Activity Questionnaire using a 7-day recall method. The main analyses utilized weighted linear regression models due to the complex multistage sampling design of NHANES. Subgroup analysis and the influence of different lipid indices were explored in this study. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of participants without diabetes was conducted.

Results

In fully adjusted models, increased levels of work and recreational activity significantly reduced insulin levels, with β values 95% CI = -0.002 (-0.003, 0.001) and β values 95% CI = -0.008 (-0.012, -0.003), respectively. However, sedentary behavior was positively associated with insulin levels, with a β value 95% CI =0.022 (0.009, 0.034). The sensitivity analysis further confirmed the benefits of recreational activity in controlling insulin levels. Through sex stratification analysis, it seemed that physical activity was more obviously impacted in the male than female groups.

Conclusions

Overall, our analysis demonstrates that in short sleepers, an increased level of work and recreational activity is beneficial to control the insulin level, and more sedentary time is harmful. However, this association might be discrepant in different sexes and different levels of lipid indices.
Trends and frontiers of RNA methylation in cancer over the past 10 years: a bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Liu Bo-Na , Gao Xiao-Li , Piao Ying
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To highlight the trends and frontiers of RNA methylation in cancer over the past 10 years.

Methods

Research publications on RNA methylation in cancer were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix were used to conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords relevant to this field.

Results

From 2014 to 2023, research on RNA methylation in cancer has developed rapidly, with an overall increase in the number of publications and citations. China (4320 papers, 115056citations), Sun Yat Sen University (274 papers, 15698 citations), and Zhang, Wei (48 papers, 893 citations) are respectively the countries, institutions, and authors with the highest number of published papers and citations. Frontiers in Oncology (182 papers, 2524 citations) and Molecular Cancer (69 papers, 9224 citations) are the journals with the highest number of published papers and citations in this field, respectively. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords indicates that the research topics can be divided into five clusters: Cluster one: The Role of RNA Methylation in Tumor Heterogeneity, Therapeutic Response, and Prognosis; Cluster two: The Role of Noncoding RNA in RNA Methylation and Tumors; Cluster three: Potential Therapeutic Targets of RNA Methylation in Tumors; Cluster four: The role of RNA methylation in tumor progression and metastasis: A case study of hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer; Cluster five: Regulation mechanisms of m6A methylation in leukemia cell differentiation and tumorigenesis.

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive study using bibliometrics to analyze the trends and frontiers of RNA methylation in cancer over the past 10 years, pointing out promising research directions for the future and providing valuable references for researchers in this field.
Determinants of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Yosef Tewodros , Eyasu Ephrem , Shifera Nigusie , Abebe Gossa Fetene , Girma Desalegn , Habte Aklilu , Ahmed Ahmed Fentaw , Asefa Adane
Published: October 2024

Background

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy poses serious risks by raising the likelihood of chronic infection in newborns by 90% and the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer by 25% in chronic infections. This study aimed to identify determinants of HBV infection among pregnant women in the Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 15 to July 15, 2022, in selected health facilities of the Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Medical charts were reviewed to collect the HBsAg status of participants, as all pregnant women attending antenatal care underwent routine screening. It involved 228 pregnant women (76 HBV-positive cases and 152 HBV-negative controls). Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS 21. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant determinants of HBV infection, and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Results

After controlling potential confounders, having no formal education (AOR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.01, 8.29; P = 0.007), urban residency (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.43, 6.86; P = 0.010), history of unsafe abortion (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI: 2.17, 6.98; P < 0.001), sharing sharp materials (AOR = 8.43, 95% CI: 5.54, 10.9; P < 0.001), contact with HBV-infected persons in the family (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.72, 4.87; P < 0.001), tribal scarification (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.91; P = 0.017), and history of unsafe tooth extraction (AOR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.18, 9.76; P = 0.039) were identified as significant predictors of HBV infection.

Conclusion

The study identifies multiple factors contributing to HBV infection in pregnant women. Therefore, it is crucial to promote safe abortion practices and the responsible use of sharp materials, avoid high-risk contact with infected individuals within the family, raise awareness about the risks associated with tribal scarification while advocating for safer practices, and offer education on safe tooth extraction methods to reduce the risk of HBV.
Induction of neutralizing antibody responses by AAV5-based vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus in mice
Authors: Ma Gangyuan , Xu Zeping , Li Chinyu , Zhou Feng , Hu Bobo , Guo Junwei , Ke Changwen , Chen Liqing , Zhang Guilin , Lau Hungyan , Pan Hudan , Chen Xixin , Li Runze , Liu Liang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of respiratory illnesses worldwide, particularly in infants and elderly individuals. Despite the burden RSV imposes, effective preventive measures are limited. The research application of adeno-associated virus (AAV) in vaccine platforms has been expanding, and its potential in prevention and treatment has garnered much attention.

Methods

In this study, we explored the potential application of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 (rAAV5) vector-based RSV vaccine, focusing on the expression of the pre-fusion (Pre-F) protein structure. Through intramuscular immunization in mice. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated in Balb/c mice immunized intramuscularly and intranasal, respectively.

Results

The rAAV5-RSV-Fm vaccine demonstrated positive humoral and induced antibody titers against RSV strains A and B for up to 120 days post-immunization. Notably, intranasal administration also elicited protective antibodies. Characterization studies confirmed the ability of the vac-cine to express the Pre-F protein and its superior immunogenicity compared to that of full-length F protein.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the potential application of rAAV5 vector platforms in RSV vaccine development and further investigation into their protective efficacy is warranted.
Naturally selected CD7-directed CAR-T bridging allo-HSCT in refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a case report and review
Authors: Liu Xuan , Xu Zheng , Li Shuhui , Zhang Xuejun , Li Jianqiang , Li Hang , Wang Fuxu
Published: October 2024

Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R-AML) has a poor prognosis. CD7 is expressed in leukemic cells in 30% of patients with AML but not in normal myeloid cells. Therefore, it can be a potential target for immunotherapy in patients with R/R-AML. Naturally selected CD7-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have promising effects against AML based on xenotransplantation models. We report a R/R-AML case that achieved complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery with naturally selected CD7 CAR-T therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as consolidation early after CAR T therapy, the patient experienced 12 months of disease-free survival to date. Our results confirmed that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after naturally selected CD7 CAR-T therapy can be a potential treatment for patients with CD7-positive R/R-AML.
Biologics for generalized pustular psoriasis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Bai-lin , Liu Qian-wei , Dong Xiao-wan , Bai Yan-ping
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and potentially life-threatening auto-inflammatory disease. Currently, there are no consensus-based guidelines or universally accepted treatments. Biologics represent a potential therapeutic option. This study systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of biologics in GPP.

Methods

Relevant studies from three databases were systematically searched until June 28, 2024. Statistical information, including the single-arm proportion rate of the outcomes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was analyzed to determine treatment effects. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² values, and subgroup analyses were performed based on drug targets and treatment durations. Data were quantitatively synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using R statistical software version 4.4.0.

Results

A total of 329 patients from 16 studies were included. The proportion of responders treated with IL-36 inhibitors and IL-17 inhibitors is higher than those treated with TNF-α inhibitors and IL-23 inhibitors. IL-36 inhibitors appear to achieve the highest response rates between 4 and 8 weeks, while IL-17 inhibitors, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and IL-23 inhibitors show a gradual increase in response rates up to 12 weeks. IL-36 inhibitors achieve a 40% (95% CI: 27%-54%) GPPASI75 response rate and a 55% (95% CI: 41%-68%) GPPGA (0,1) response rate within 2 weeks, significantly outperforming other biologics. The recurrence rates of GPP within 52 weeks, ranked from highest to lowest, are: IL-36 inhibitors (21% [95% CI: 9%-28%]), TNF-alpha inhibitors (20% [95% CI: 2%-46%]), IL-17 inhibitors (15% [95% CI: 1%-37%]), and IL-23 inhibitors (5% [95% CI: 0%-29%]). Additionally, 6% (95% CI: 1%-11%) of patients experienced severe adverse events.

Discussion

This meta-analysis highlights the efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with GPP, offering valuable evidence to guide future clinical practice. IL-36 inhibitors show a faster and more substantial clinical response in GPP compared to other biologics. Further research is necessary to assess their role in specific subpopulations and to evaluate their potential long-term effects on flare prevention.
Case report: Exploration of abrocitinib in the treatment of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a case series
Authors: Du Na , Wang Dan , Yang Jingyi , Zhang Yiwen , Lyu Xinyan , Min Wei , Zhao Sicheng
Published: October 2024

In clinical practice, some cases of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remain difficult to treat, with up to 40% of patients showing no response to even high (4-fold) daily doses of antihistamines. Approximately 30% of CSU patients fail to achieve complete control and relief through treatment with omalizumab and may require alternative therapies. Abrocitinib is a small-molecule oral JAK1 inhibitor that suppresses intracellular signaling of multiple key cytokines involved in inflammation cascades, and has shown beneficial effects in patients with mast cell activation disorders. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment records of adult patients with refractory CSU who were treated with abrocitinib after inadequate response to omalizumab (defined as no response to 300 mg/4 weeks of omalizumab treatment for 6 months, followed by adjustment to 300 mg/2 weeks for a further 3 months without controlling symptoms). We also collected data on relevant treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and adverse events. Among these patients, various treatment modalities failed to adequately control symptoms, but switching to abrocitinib significantly improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, abrocitinib may represent a new treatment option for patients with refractory CSU.
Assessing extreme significant wave height in China’s coastal waters under climate change
Authors: Zhu Xiaowen , Huang Weinan
Published: October 2024

Accurately estimating the return values of significant wave height is essential for marine and coastal infrastructure, particularly as climate change intensifies the frequency and intensity of extreme wave events. Traditional models, which assume stationarity in wave data, often underestimate future risks by neglecting the impacts of climate change on wave dynamics. Combining time series decomposition and recurrence analysis, the research develops a nonstationary framework to predict significant wave height. The stochastic component is modelled using a stationary probability distribution, while the deterministic component is predicted based on sea surface temperature projections from CMIP6 climate scenarios. The model evaluation demonstrates strong predictive capability for both stochastic and deterministic components. Application of the model to China’s coastal waters reveals significant discrepancies between stationary and nonstationary return value estimates. Compared to conventional distribution models, the nonstationary model predicts substantial increases in extreme wave heights. These findings underscore the importance of adopting nonstationary models to more accurately assess future risks posed by extreme wave events in a changing climate.