bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive FH/MC-CDMA to Improve Channel Quality for Multiuser Using Variable Code-Based Carriers
Authors: Saravanan M.
Published: January 2021

The adaptive variable code-based carriers for multiusers in a common channel of communication is a technique of Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA). It is an advanced mode of communication, where multiple users are communicating with different code and a different carrier. The proposed adaptive frequency hopping technique in MC-CDMA will give high signal to noise ratio value mitigating multiple access interference. Proposed adaptive technique detects multi-users with the help of matched filters. The simulation of the above system is done with correlated sub-carriers in the presence of realistic fading channels and even imperfect channel state information for recovering at the transmitter. The performance of an improved allocation algorithm for MC-CDMA system with adaptive frequency hopping is investigated. Imperfect channel state information at the base station does not affect the performance of the proposed technique due to the combined allocation algorithm and multi-user detector employment. The above combination mitigates multiple access interference efficiently, and increases the system capacity in a significant way compared to non-adaptive variable code-based carrier system. The results of the simulation confirm the above said performance factors with realistic correlated sub carriers that are faded with practical communication system parameters.
Brain Tumour Segmentation and Stage Classification Using SVM Classifier and Notification Using GSM Module
Authors: Jayabharathy K. , Vigneswaran N. , Vignesh R.
Published: January 2021

A tumour is any unwanted growth of tissues in any part of the body. About 50% of the people affected by primary brain tumour die each year. The foremost aim of this paper is to put forth a method that not only identifies the tumour affected area in brain, but also indicates its stage and sends notification by means of messages and mails to the concerned people (relatives, guardian, friends or even the patient itself, if needed). Here MRI (Medical Resonance Imaging) images are used to detect the tumour affected brain region by SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm. The software output has been simulated using MATLAB software. Furthermore GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is used to send messages and mails to the concerned people. The final extracted image will be sent through mail. The medications to be taken by the patient will be sent through messages (SMS). The entire procedure includes, pre-processing (RGB to gray conversion and noise removal) of the input image, feature extraction, Localization of tumour, Morphological operations (dilation and erosion), segmentation and finally information sharing using UART and GSM module
Design and Analysis of Modified UWB Mono-Cone Antenna for WBAN Applications
Authors: Selvathi D , Bama S
Published: January 2021

A low-profile UWB antenna is presented in this paper for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna consists of a modified mono-cone structure by adding a semi-sphere on top of the mono-cone. A top-plate is added as overhead to the proposed antenna. This plate leads to a height reduction when compared to conventional mono-cone antennas. In this paper, the effect of ground plane dimensions, effect of top-plate dimensions, effect of the supporting legs and effect of the total height of the antenna is studied to get a better insight into the working of the radiating structure. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 4.1 GHz to 10.1GHz with return loss less than -10dB. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 6 GHz. The frequency domain results are obtained by simulating the design using Ansoft HFSS. The voltage standing wave ratio is less than 2 within the frequency range of the proposed antenna design. The influence of the human proximity on the antenna was simulated by placing the proposed antenna over a human body model.
Detect the Replication Attack on Wireless sensor network by Using Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Manju Bala P. , Usharani S. , Abarna V.
Published: January 2021

Remote sensor systems are conveyed in dense regions wherever the sensor nodes are physically seized by intruders. As several nodes take care of the entire group area, the captured nodes are repeated. To rectify this attack, a response was provided. Be that as it may, because of the absence of improvements in the device size, these structures have low efficiency to recognize the clone hubs quickly. In order to quickly locate the clone hubs, an expansion calculation is generated in this paper with the improved LEACH called NI-LEACH convention which is utilized to limit the group by taking the vitality of every hub and the minimum range of clusters. In addition to this protocol, an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) calculation is designed and generated by doling out screen hubs in the remote sensor organization to identify replication assaults. Reenactment findings show that in remote sensor networks the new calculation is straightforward and powerful to implement. With a high probability proportion, a harmful centre can be reliably detected and established and ideal throughput can also be achieved all the while.The limit of the method is expanded definitely byconsuming this calculation against the clone hub assault byintruders.
Dynamic Analysis on Crypto-ransomware by using Machine Learning: GandCrab Ransomware
Authors: Usharani S , Manju Bala P , Martina Jose Mary M
Published: January 2021

A ransomware is a unique class of malware which has gotten extremely famous in digital crooks to corkscrew cash. It categorizes the client confines by accessing their machines (PCs, cell phones and IoT gadgets) unless the payoff is paid. Consistently, security specialists report numerous types of ransomware assaults, including ransomware families. User’s data will be collected at the time of dynamic process. The collected data will be in crypto ransomware type from that we can extract features like IP address, file length, URL. We will do dynamic analyse of the presently data with the antecedent data. Using machine learning algorithm (by combining Random Forest, Gradient Tree Boosting and Support Vector machine algorithm) we can classify the data as benign or ransomware. The achievement rate of classification using machine learning algorithm is 98.45% with false rate 0.01.The proposed achievement rate will be compared among linear regression, navie Bayes and adaboost algorithm. Gandcrab ransomware-Version, algorithm is to be identified.
Pedestrian Crossing Carriage Using Ultrasonic Sensor
Authors: Sowmiya R , Narayana sundary N
Published: January 2021

Automation is the most used technology nowadays for the Zebra crossing mechanism used as an automatic intelligent carriage. In several areas, intersections with crosswalks are also the maximum amount as a kilometer apart, deed pedestrians with no safe thanks to cross the road. This paper analysed the rise in pedestrian crossing traffic accidents supported for the improvement of zebra crossing facilities. Pedestrian crossing may be a very important part of foot traffic analysis which may much facilitate scale back and avoid pedestrian injuries. Moreover, inappropriate planning, a fast increase in population, urbanization, and restricted road capacities in major cities have distended this matter. The main aim is to detect the pedestrian crossing in the signal walking path and design an intelligent carriage to avoid fatal death and traffic. Using ultra sensors to detect vehicles and avoid accidents.
A Virtual Cloud based Brain Connectivity Analysis Using Iot (Internet of Things)
Authors: Sowmiya R , Padmini V
Published: January 2021

The confidential and secure information of the user’s death storage cannot reach to the particular person or it takes minimum a day or hours to back up all the messages and information. There is lack of time efficiency to reveal all the messages. Here introducing a new concept called BCI (Brain Computer Interface) which is used to connect the human brain and computer. Since it is a BCI technique it consists of both hardware and software. In hardware the major role plays by EEG (Electroenceplogram) sensor, it is to check whether the brain is active or not. On the software side, the cloud is created for storing the information. An individual who want to share the information to his/her favorite or particular person can type the message and save the information in the cloud with his/her mail id and phone number which an individual want to convey. The wearable sensor have to wear like a band, as it may not affect the human brain or human body since it has the low frequency range of 7Hz or below 7Hz. Once the individual is death the stored information in the cloud can sent to that registered mail id and phone number without any delay. The time efficiency is very fast.
Theft Detection for Secured Access in Android Devices
Authors: Kanimozhi P. , Adityan  , Padmapriya N.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this project is to build up an android application which provides location tracking functionality for android device using SMS. Additionally, we can track the photos of a person who stole our android mobile device this task underpins android OS and makes correspondence with the telephone through SMS and E-mail. Utilizing basic SMS orders, you can follow your android gadget Location tracking: We can track the lost phone using simple SMS commands. Camera can be controlled externally in theft device to capture images. Mobile devices are said to be portable and can be carried by a person from one location to another. There is frequent theft of mobile devices and the existing system consists of monitoring the walking movement of user and patterns are analysed when there is a variation in movement then the mobile device will be locked. The proposed system is used to save another alternate number of the user. Message is sent from alternate number to theft android device and we can retrieve the GPS location.
Individual Health and Safety Monitoring of Workers in Deep Underground Mines Using IOT
Authors: Suganya R. , Gowtham S.
Published: January 2021

Lethal mishaps related with underground coal mineshafts require the usage of elevated level gas observing and excavators limitation ways to deal with advance underground safety and wellbeing.As per the International Labour Organization (ILO), digging represents 1% of worldwide work, however is liable for 8% of deadly mishaps. This paper presents a strategy for investigating and guaranteeing wellbeing of the labourers in mines. It is actualized by utilizing IOT (Internet Of Things) to set up remote sensor organize. Sensors are utilized for estimating air quality boundaries, for example, temperature, CH4 (Methane), CO2 (Carbon di-oxide) and CO (carbonmonoxide).This paper is principally founded on the advancement of an open source, adaptable and financially savvy stage for successfully advancing underground coal mineshaft wellbeing. This is additionally useful for tackling the issues of openness, usefulness, interoperability and adaptability related with wellbeing in coal mineshafts.
Web Based Computer Maintenance Management System
Authors: Giridharan Mr. S. , Nivedha Ms. A. , Vinothini Ms. V. , Maha Ms. V. , Kumari Mrs.M.Nivetha
Published: January 2021

Rational Unified Process (RUP) is utilized for system flow on how to run the system. There will be a list of detailed explanation, of the issues with the present systems. The method which uses logic for analyzing problems act by 3 steps. They are problem identification, selecting the best resolutions and implementing them. The RUP finds out different types of methods used for maintenance and how good they can be applied in computer systems. The steps of finding out and technical maintenance indicator are reviewed by it. The varieties of activity for maintenances offered in the computer systems. This proposed Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS)displays the final report and also displays the maintenance support’s list from the database that are available in the lab through the maintenance support Availability Form. Furthermore, the proposed web-based computer maintenance system aims to report and troubleshoot a computer-maintenance problem to the department management. Experimental results show that the proposed system efficiently validates the system through the unified process.
Cercospora Identification in Spinach Leaves Through Resnet-50 Based Image Processing
Authors: Ramkumar M O , Sarah Catharin S , Ramachandran V , Sakthikumar A
Published: January 2021

Cercospora is a contagious disease that occurs in plant leaves. Spinach is one of the healthiest food that are preferred by the people nowadays. Thus cercospora is the disease that also occurs in the spinach leaves, it also affects the humans. It causes the serious effect in both the spinach plants and also human and animals consuming it. Therefore the usage of image processing and deep learning is done in order to find out the cercospora affected plant and preventing it from the spreading from one plant to the other. To acquire the process of segmentation the plant image feed is given. This process produces an accurate result and as a outcome the cercospora spread can be controlled at the initial stage. This helps farmers to proceeds the decision faster for providing a needed treatment. In proposed system by using the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the Resnet-50 architecture, through which cercospora is identified from the different classes for the spinach leaf disease were detected and classified from the healthy leaves. The result obtained has a greater accuracy in training and testing from a few datasets and thus using this process the identification and the measures can be taken.
Comparison of Different Photonic Crystal Fiber Structure: A Review
Authors: Mohamed Nizar S. , Rafi Ahamed S. , Priyanka E. , Jayasri R. , Kesavaraman B.
Published: January 2021

Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is the category of optical fiber; the assets of this PCF is grounded on a photonic crystal. This PCF is of two types, and they are named as solid core PCF and Hollow-core PCF. Here, in this paper a survey is proposed for different shape PCF. These different shapes PCF uses different background material like silica, Zeonex, and TOPAS. Using this different shape PCF with different background material the sensitivity and confinement loss are compared. This paper can enhance research work in the field of fiber optics.
Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Polar Coded OFDM Signal in WiMAX Architecture
Authors: Kumar Mr. B. Vinodh , Kalaiyarasi Ms. C.
Published: January 2021

Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction technique for polar coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is introduced in WiMax Architecture was analyzed using Matlab Simulation Tool. The main idea is to use polar encoder in WiMax architecture which is one of the best encoder to choose the lowermost PAPR as a transmitted signal. This algorithm better showed efficiently reduced the peak to average power in the transmitted signal. It is suggested that the advised technique efficiently reduce the peak to average power distortion and as well as better bit error rate performance of the OFDM Signal. The simulation outputs are compared with various modulation techniques in relations to PAPR without degrading BER performance.
A Secure Communication and Location Privacy in WSN Using Grey Wolf Optimization
Authors: Padmapriya N. , Subathra S.
Published: January 2021

Wireless Computing draws in huge speculations, while simultaneously client necessities are ceaselessly expanded. Additionally development in remote advancements should stay up with aforementioned fields, so as to encourage the mix of imaginative administrations and applications in ordinary correspondence of the system. In the proposed framework we upgrade the security instrument for every sensor node by utilizing GWO(Grey wolf optimization) algorithm, and then the dummy sources are created to deceive the adversary and thus the original source is secured.
Feeling Recognition by Facial Expression Using Deep Learning
Authors: Gupta Dr. Shalini , Jain Dr. Shubha
Published: January 2021

The visible appearance of the emotion state, personality, purpose, psychological feature activity and psychopathology of an individual is the Facial expression. This plays an outgoing role in social affairs. Automatic recognition of facial expressions will be a vital part of natural human-machine interfaces. It should even be applied in activity science and in clinical apply. Fellows in nurturing automatic facial features Recognition system must perform detection and placement of faces during a disordered scene, facial feature extraction and facial features classification. Emotion recognition by facial features utilizes a Deep Learning system, which is enforced victimization Convolution Neural Network (CNN). The CNN model of the project relies on LeNet design. Kaggle facial features dataset with seven facial features labels as fear, anger, happy, surprise, sad, neutral and disgust is employed during this project. The system achieved 60.37 accuracy.
Design of Reconfigurable Tri-Band Antenna for Wireless Communication
Authors: Neeththi Aadithiya B. , Elizabeth Caroline Dr.B. , Jeyarani Dr.J.
Published: January 2021

The Design is a quotidian rectangular patch antenna which functions on three Different frequency bands. Tri-band antenna is an electronic device that can operate in three different frequency bands. Taking the advantage of antenna parameter modification in to account the tri-band operation is achieved. Reconfigurable antenna is capable of modifying its frequency and radiation properties in a controlled and changeable manner. The antenna is designed with the use of dielectric substrate of 1.6mm thickness with permittivity of 4.6. The design is simulated in HFSS platform. In designed antenna, configuration I engages in three different bands of frequencies 1.3 ∼ 3, 4.1 ∼ 4.7, 6.1 ∼7.6 GHz where the return loss value is around and below -10 dB. The Configuration I is designed to have an enhanced performance over a specified range of frequency (1.5 GHz to 3 GHz). But configuration II is devised to have a subsided performance over all UWB frequency ranges. The return loss of configuration II is -15 dB over 1.25 GHz to 2 GHz range and -12 dB over 4.25 GHz to 5.75 GHz range, -14 dB for 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz range. Switching between the frequencies is achieved using three symmetrical ideal RF MEMS switches. The Patch antenna which can be applicable to wireless communication systems like Sensing, RFID, WLAN is presented.
All Optical 3-Bit Octal to Binary Code Converter using Micro-Ring Resonator
Authors: Margarat M. , Elizabeth Caroline B. , Nivedha V. , Sowmiya S. , Purushothaman D.
Published: January 2021

In the developing field of optical communication, Switching based Micro-Ring Resonator (MRR) is used to design all-optical logic module. The MRR based logical module configured as OR logic gate and 3 - bit octal to binary code converter (OCB) is designed which has less computational errors and uses less digits than hexadecimal and decimal number system. It is widely used in IT application for Linux, android, operating system and Mac for computations. The proposed all optical OR gate and octal to binary code converter is designed for 10 Gbps. Optimum values of MRR length and Coupling coefficient are calculated and obtained values of Quality factor (QF) and Extinction ratio (ER) ensure reasonable performance of the proposed system.
Self-Powered Cardiac Pacemaker Using RC4 Algorithm
Authors: Elavarasi K , Deepa J
Published: January 2021

In this paper is to style frustration safe rate-responsive SA center contraption that would be checked and created by an authority using an ensured about far off correspondence. The contraption code is predicated upon a real troublesome stretch working system (RTOS) part and subsequently, the device sensibility is ensured about and is planned to avoid dissatisfactions because of PC code breakdowns. Exquisite pacemaker’s zone unit programmable and awards the master to pick the ideal pacing modes for solitary patients. All together that crucial circumstance is normally avoided and preventive measure an area unit with progress approved.
Enhancing Network Coverage Using Sensing Models in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Vidhya J , Prasanna P , Margarat M , Jayalakshmy S
Published: January 2021

WSN is a wireless network made of wireless sensors that is used to monitor the system, environmental or physical conditions. Network coverage is a critical Quality of Service parameter in the design of WSN. The sensing model used to design the network decides the coverage. In this paper, the effects on sensing coverage by multi-path fading and shadowing effects have been studied. A model for calculating coverage probability has been derived for an environment in presence of shadowing effect combined with multi-path fading. Deployment scheme directly influences the performance of the WSN. A multiple deployment scheme is proposed for shadowed and non-shadowed environments using Rayleigh and shadow fading. For the same value of sensing coverage, a significant depreciation in the required number of nodes is shown.
Design and Development of Future Estimate in Confronting Ransomware
Authors: Balachandar A. , Abdul Alsowdh S. , Arumugam K.
Published: January 2021

Ransomware might be a one assortment of malignant PC code which is that the quickest spreading malware risk as they focusing on each kind of clients records result in brief or perpetual loss of touchy information issue to ordinary activities, cash misfortunes caused to resuscitate framework documents that partners potential hurt to an association. As a consequences of an essential information’s unit encoded on the pc arrange by the programmers which they request the payment to pay a computerized cash style of a bitcoin inside a particular date, if installment isn’t done no information are back to unique sort of mystery composing. The proposed framework demonstrates that gathering of bitcoin datasets are accustomed to anticipating the eventual fate of bitcoin rates then examination the ransomware, that investigation are utilized to discover the ransomware extends then the client can shutting the framework doors for keeping away from the trail technique for malware go into the framework. It shows the security measures for the framework from the ransomware prediction.
A Simple Feature Extraction Method for Analysis of Hand Written Characters
Authors: Vijayprasath S.
Published: January 2021

The printed and handwritten alphabets as character recognition by feature extraction are described during this proposed work. A predefined set of 108 samples each containing twenty-six alphabets taken by paper handwritten are taken as set for training. The system portrayed is a good alternative solution for HCR & plays well with detection of handwritten characters. Here, the method experiences binarization and pre-processing for the segmentation stage. Individual characters after segmentation undergo feature extraction part. The artificial neural network is trained using the extracted features. A simple ANN is used as a classifier utilizing the average epochs and MSE for detecting the HCR recognition without a false alarm.
Motion detection using Passive Infrared Sensor using IoT
Authors: Sasi G.
Published: January 2021

An IoT is the recent trend today which is applicable to all the real time applications. It is applied in all the sectors like smart city, home, appliance, Security as most important one which reduces the human operation and do all the works are done in automation. This will useful in all the areas and easy implementation. In that sense, in this paper I suggested the concept of Infrared radiation for motion detection by using PIR sensor. That sensor is implemented with the microcontroller which identifies the intruders movement which represented by high and low. This represents the motion detection, if the value is high there is a motion of intrusion, otherwise if the value is low it shows does not intruded by anyone. This technique is very compatible because only it requires three components it is detected by mixed signal processor and line transceiver.
Investigations on the Physical Parameters and Real Time Protection of Distributed Transformers using Internet of Things
Authors: Balraj B , Sridevi A , Amuthameena S , Elizabeth Caroline B
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor load currents, over voltage and transformer temperature. The on-line supervising system integrates global system for mobile communication (GSM) modem, with node microcontroller unit (MCU), sensors and transformers. It was installed at the distribution transformer site. The output values of sensors and transformers were processed and recorded in the cloud using internet on things. System programmed with some predefined instructions to check abnormal conditions. If there is any abnormal value found in the system, the GSM module will send messages to selected mobile at the same time it cut off the supply form the load. Every half an hour it send actual value of current, voltage and temperature of transformer. This mobile system will help the utilities to protect transformer and identify problems before any extremely failure happens. For future analysis it retrieve data from cloud using think speak platform. This system will be an advanced step to the automation by reducing human dependency and increases the reliability of distribution network.
Impact of early biochemical diagnosis of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery: long-term results from GRECCAR 5 trial
Authors: Denost Q , Rouanet P , Faucheron J -L , Panis Y , Meunier B , Cotte E , Meurette G , Portier G , Sabbagh C , Loriau J , Benoist S , Piessen G , Sielezneff I , Lelong B , Mauvais F , Romain B , Barussaud M -L , Capdepont M , Laurent C , Rullier E
Published: January 2021

Elevated C-reactive protein, should be used to prompt early detection of AL prior to the development of clinical symptoms. Early biochemical diagnosis and intervention of AL mitigates the negative impact of AL on oncological outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.
Epigenetic regulation of virulence and the transcription of ribosomal protein genes involves a YEATS family protein in Cryptococcus deneoformans
Authors: Li Chenxi , Hou Shaonan , Ma Xiaoyu , Li Jiajia , Huo Liang , Zhang Ping , Hao Xiaoran , Zhu Xudong
Published: January 2021

Epigenetic marks or post-translational modifications on histones have important regulatory roles in gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus deneoformans remains largely undetermined. The YEATS domain proteins are readers of crotonylated lysine residues in histones. Here, we reported the identification of a single-copy gene putatively coding for a YEATS domain protein (Yst1) in C. deneoformans. To define its function, we created a mutant strain, yst1Δ, using CRISPR-Cas9 editing. yst1Δ exhibited defects in phenotype, for instance, it was hypersensitive to osmotic stress in the presence of 1.3 M NaCl or KCl. Furthermore, it was hypersensitive to 1% Congo red, suggesting defects in the cell wall. Interestingly, RNA-seq data revealed that Yst1p was critical for the expression of genes encoding the ribosomal proteins, that is, most were expressed with significantly lower levels of mRNA in yst1Δ than in the wild-type strain. The mutant strain was hypersensitive to low temperature and anti-ribosomal drugs, which we putatively attribute to the impairment in ribosomal function. In addition, the yst1Δ strain was less virulent to Galleria mellonella. These results generally suggest that Yst1, as a histone modification reader, might be a key coordinator of the transcriptome of this human pathogen. Yst1 could be a potential target for novel antifungal drugs, which might lead to significant developments in the clinical treatment of cryptococcosis.
Mapping mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps.
Authors: Lander E S , Botstein D
Published: January 2021

The advent of complete genetic linkage maps consisting of codominant DNA markers [typically restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)] has stimulated interest in the systematic genetic dissection of discrete Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in experimental organisms. We describe here a set of analytical methods that modify and extend the classical theory for mapping such quantitative trait loci (QTLs). These include: (i) a method of identifying promising crosses for QTL mapping by exploiting a classical formula of SEWALL WRIGHT; (ii) a method (interval mapping) for exploiting the full power of RFLP linkage maps by adapting the approach of LOD score analysis used in human genetics, to obtain accurate estimates of the genetic location and phenotypic effect of QTLs; and (iii) a method (selective genotyping) that allows a substantial reduction in the number of progeny that need to be scored with the DNA markers. In addition to the exposition of the methods, explicit graphs are provided that allow experimental geneticists to estimate, in any particular case, the number of progeny required to map QTLs underlying a quantitative trait.
Risk of overanticoagulation during acute kidney injury in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Süfling Luisa , Greinert Daniel , Girndt Matthias
Published: January 2021

Background

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are still in use for oral anticoagulation, but not all indications allow their replacement by direct oral anticoagulants. Although formal dose reduction is not required in patients with impaired kidney function, case reports indicate that acute kidney injury (AKI) might be associated with derailment of VKA therapy.

Methods

The study retrospectively collected patients from a tertiary nephrology care centre who experienced AKI while being treated with VKA. In these individuals, the international normalized ratio (INR) as a measure of anticoagulant effect during renal failure was compared with a reference time point with stable kidney function.

Results

A total of 100 patients with AKI and ongoing VKA therapy met the inclusion criteria. The majority (76%) of patients had AKI with CKD. Volume depletion (n = 43), septic renal failure (n = 22), decompensated heart failure (n = 18) and toxic renal damage (n = 11) were the most important causes of AKI. The average INR values at the time of AKI were higher than at the reference time point [median 3.17 (range 1.10–13.0) versus 2.24 (1.07–5.17); P < 0.0001]. Fifty-four patients had INR values above the recommended therapeutic range for their indication at the time point of AKI. Bleeding complications occurred in 24 patients during AKI and the VKA dose had to be reduced in 55. Women, patients with low body mass index and patients with diabetes were predisposed to overanticoagulation during AKI.

Conclusions

The effect of AKI on anticoagulation by VKA has not been systematically described. This risk should be considered in patients at high risk for AKI.
Socioecological Mapping of Barriers and Enablers to Smoking Cessation in Indigenous Australian Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahman Tabassum , Eftekhari Parivash , Bovill Michelle , Baker Amanda L , Gould Gillian S
Published: January 2021

Background

With a high prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and limited Indigenous-specific evidence for treatment, we used socioecological mapping to identify multilevel barriers and enablers to smoking cessation related to Indigenous Australian pregnant and postpartum women.

Methods

Nine electronic databases were searched. Original studies except interventions and trials, published in English, up to February 29, 2020 were included. Studies were appraised using the QualSyst tool. Evidence was narratively synthesized. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019135543).

Results

A total of 15 studies (10 quantitative, 5 qualitative) were included, covering 1306 women, 3 partners/family members, 234 health professionals (HP), and 2755 patient records. Complex and overlapping barriers were identified at individual, family, community, societal, and system levels. Socioeconomic disadvantages, inequality, and pervasive racism as legacies of colonization, combined with personal, family, and community circumstances intensified individual experiences of stress, which may be heightened during pregnancy. Inadequate smoking cessation care (SCC), inconsistent antitobacco messages, and ineffectual HP interventions underscore a need for service enhancement and further evidence to develop culturally relevant messages. High motivation of pregnant women to quit, resilience, and supports available in the family and community are strengths that warrant attention in future interventions.

Conclusions

SCC without ameliorating the social disadvantages and the disparities in health determinants between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women may limit the effectiveness of SCC. A comprehensive approach is required that includes policy changes for addressing external stressors the women experience, engagement of family and community, and better training of HP and provision of free pharmacotherapy.

Implications

To systematically address barriers to smoking cessation at multiple levels, initiatives to ameliorate social disadvantages and discrepancies in social determinants of health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are required to be taken in tandem with SCC. Initiatives may include making relevant policy changes and allocating more resources for education, employment, housing, and community development. Enhancement of knowledge, skills, and confidence of HP regarding the provision of high-quality SCC for Indigenous women and their families is warranted. Future interventions may build on high motivation, resilience, and strengths of individual women, and incorporate support strategies engaging family and community.
Say my name, say my name: Academic authorship conventions between editorial policies and disciplinary practices
Authors: Hesselmann Felicitas , Schendzielorz Cornelia , Sorgatz Nikita
Published: January 2021

Academic publishing is undergoing profound changes that shape the conditions of knowledge production and the way research is communicated, prompting a lively debate on how the various activities of those involved can be adequately acknowledged in publications. This contribution aims to empirically examine the relationship between authorship regulations in journal policies, the disciplinary variance in authorship practice and larger concepts of academic authorship. Analyzing (1) editorial policies and (2) data from an interdisciplinary survey of scientists, we examine to what extent disciplinary variances are reflected in the policies as well as in researchers' individual understandings. Here we find that the regulation of authorship qua policies is primarily effected at the level of the publishers. Although considerable disciplinary variations of journal policies are sometimes suggested in the literature, we find only minor differences in authorship criteria. The survey data however show that researchers' understandings of authorship exhibit significant, discipline-specific differences, as well as differences related to the characteristics of the research practice. It hence becomes clear that discipline-specific conditions of knowledge production with the resulting differences in authorship practices are hardly reflected in authorship policies. We conclude that the regulatory ambitions of authorship policies mostly focus on the prevention and elimination of deficits in the quality and integrity of scientific publications. Thus, it seems questionable whether authorship policies in their current form are suitable instruments for mediating between diverse authorship practices and normative ideals of legitimate authorship.
Fungi Associated with Garlic During the Cropping Season, with Focus on Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum
Authors: Mondani Letizia , Chiusa Giorgio , Battilani Paola
Published: January 2021

Fusarium proliferatum has been reported as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot during the postharvest stage, but information on this fungus during the crop growth stage is lacking. We focused on the cropping season of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the field, until its harvest, with the aim of clarifying the role of F. proliferatum in bulb infection as well as the impact of crop growing conditions on pathogen-plant interaction. Studies were conducted in Piacenza (northern Italy) for three seasons from 2016 to 2019. Six garlic farms were sampled. A different field was sampled every year. Soil samples were recovered at sowing time for the counting of fungal colony forming units (CFU). Plant samples were collected at three growth stages, from BBCH 15 (fifth leaf visible) to BBCH 49 (ripening), for which disease severity assessment and fungi isolations were performed. Fusarium was the most frequently isolated genus, of which F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum were the dominant species. F. proliferatum registered the highest incidence in all the farms tested, but F. oxysporum was dominant in the first year of the study. F. oxysporum incidence was correlated with dry weather, whereas F. proliferatum was correlated with rainy weather. In conclusion, our result confirms the association of F. proliferatum with garlic bulbs from the crop’s early growth stages, suggesting potential seed transmission as a source of this fungal pathogen. Further studies should investigate the link between fusaria occurrence in the field and dry rot outbreaks occurring postharvest and during storage of garlic.
ActDES – a curated Actinobacterial Database for Evolutionary Studies
Authors: Schniete Jana K. , Selem-Mojica Nelly , Birke Anna S. , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Hunter Iain S. , Barona-Gomez Francisco , Hoskisson Paul A.
Published: January 2021

Actinobacteria

is a large and diverse phylum of bacteria that contains medically and ecologically relevant organisms. Many members are valuable sources of bioactive natural products and chemical precursors that are exploited in the clinic and made using the enzyme pathways encoded in their complex genomes. Whilst the number of sequenced genomes has increased rapidly in the last 20 years, the large size, complexity and high G+C content of many actinobacterial genomes means that the sequences remain incomplete and consist of large numbers of contigs with poor annotation, which hinders large-scale comparative genomic and evolutionary studies. To enable greater understanding and exploitation of actinobacterial genomes, specialized genomic databases must be linked to high-quality genome sequences. Here, we provide a curated database of 612 high-quality actinobacterial genomes from 80 genera, chosen to represent a broad phylogenetic group with equivalent genome re-annotation. Utilizing this database will provide researchers with a framework for evolutionary and metabolic studies, to enable a foundation for genome and metabolic engineering, to facilitate discovery of novel bioactive therapeutics and studies on gene family evolution. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
Crystal structure of human V-1 in the apo form
Authors: Takeda Shuichi , Koike Ryotaro , Nagae Takayuki , Fujiwara Ikuko , Narita Akihiro , Maéda Yuichiro , Ota Motonori
Published: January 2021

V-1, also known as myotrophin, is a 13 kDa ankyrin-repeat protein that binds and inhibits the heterodimeric actin capping protein (CP), which is a key regulator of cytoskeletal actin dynamics. The crystal structure of V-1 in complex with CP revealed that V-1 recognizes CP via residues spanning several ankyrin repeats. Here, the crystal structure of human V-1 is reported in the absence of the specific ligand at 2.3 Å resolution. In the asymmetric unit, the crystal contains two V-1 monomers that exhibit nearly identical structures (Cα r.m.s.d. of 0.47 Å). The overall structures of the two apo V-1 chains are also highly similar to that of CP-bound V-1 (Cα r.m.s.d.s of <0.50 Å), indicating that CP does not induce a large conformational change in V-1. Detailed structural comparisons using the computational program All Atom Motion Tree revealed that CP binding can be accomplished by minor side-chain rearrangements of several residues. These findings are consistent with the known biological role of V-1, in which it globally inhibits CP in the cytoplasm.
Bis(benzo-15-crown-5-κ5
O)barium tetrakis(isothiocyanato-κN)cobaltate(II)
Authors: Ravisankar V. , Ramesh V. , Krishnamohan M. , Gunasekaran B. , Girisun T. C. Sabari
Published: January 2021

The title compound, [Ba(C14H20O5)2][Co(NCS)4], is formed by discrete anions and cations. The molecular packing is controlled by weak C—H...π interactions.
Diagnostic potential of three serum microRNAs as biomarkers for equine sarcoid disease in horses and donkeys
Authors: Unger Lucia , Abril Carlos , Gerber Vinzenz , Jagannathan Vidhya , Koch Christoph , Hamza Eman
Published: January 2021

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for equine sarcoids (ES).

Objectives

To assess eca‐miR‐331, eca‐miR‐100, and eca‐miR‐1 as serum biomarkers for ES disease.

Animals

Sixty‐eight ES cases (56 horses, 12 donkeys), 69 tumor‐free controls (60 horses, 9 donkeys), and 20 horses with other skin tumors.

Methods

For this case‐control study, expression of serum eca‐miR‐331, eca‐miR‐100, and eca‐miR‐1 in ES‐affected equids was compared to tumor‐free age‐, sex‐, and breed‐matched control horses and donkeys with other skin tumors using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for relative miRNA quantification. Biological, preanalytical, and clinical variable influences on miRNA expression were examined. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine differences in miRNA expression between groups.

Results

The expression of eca‐miR‐100 was affected by age (P = .003) and expression of eca‐miR‐100 and eca‐miR‐1 were affected by hemolysis (both P < .001). Eca‐miR‐331 was unaffected by biological variation, hemolysis, ES type, and disease severity. Eca‐miR‐331 concentrations were higher in ES‐affected compared to tumor‐free controls (P = .002). The ROC curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.65 (P = .002) with a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 71%, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 2.1 and 0.56, respectively, to diagnose ES. Eca‐miR‐331 expression did not discriminate between horses with ES and other skin tumors. Expression of eca‐miR‐100 and eca‐miR‐1 was not different between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Serum eca‐miR‐331 expression is neither sensitive nor specific enough as a single ES biomarker. If combined with other miRNAs, it may be helpful for ES diagnosis.
Sleep interventions for adults admitted to psychiatric inpatient settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Aboaja Anne , Perry Amanda E. , Steele Rachel , Dewa Lindsay H. , Carey Jon F. , Clarbour Jane , Shah Shivali , Cairney Scott A.
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The scoping review aims to identify how sleep is measured and what sleep interventions are used effectively in psychiatric inpatient settings. Potential barriers to measuring sleep in inpatient settings will be classified.

Introduction:

Polysomnography has shown that poor sleep is associated with emotional, cognitive, and somatic changes, as well as increased risks in suicide ideation and aggression. People with mental illness often experience sleep disturbances and believe the psychiatric inpatient environment contributes to sleep problems. The use of sleep interventions has been studied widely in general inpatient wards; less is known of similar interventions in psychiatric inpatient settings.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will include studies that focus on the effectiveness of sleep interventions for adults in any psychiatric inpatient setting. Studies that focus solely on sleep apnea, parasomnias, or restless legs syndrome will be excluded.

Methods:

A literature search of PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar will be conducted. Studies identified will be screened and examined against the eligibility criteria. Only studies published in English will be considered, and there will be no date limitation applied to the search. Eligible studies will be assessed for risk of bias and relevant data will be extracted to answer the review questions. Extracted data will be presented in narrative and tabular formats.
Medusa 82—Hydrogen silsesquioxane based high sensitivity negative-tone resist with long shelf-life and grayscale lithography capability
Authors: Grube Mandy , Schille Benjamin , Schirmer Matthias , Gerngroß Maik , Hübner Uwe , Voigt Paul , Brose Sascha
Published: January 2021

The high suitability of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as e-beam resist has long been known. Despite its undoubtedly good and reliable properties, HSQ nevertheless proves to be problematic in certain aspects due to its relatively short shelf-life and the small processing window between coating preparation and exposure. We thus intended to optimize the silsesquioxane with respect to a prolonged shelf-life and larger processing window while retaining all advantages like the high silicon content for high etch resistance and high pattern resolution. Our combined knowledge resulted in the development of the hydrogen silsesquioxane-based e-beam resist Medusa 82 with improved characteristics. Medusa 82 can be processed with HSQ standard procedures but allows for a delay of several weeks between layer preparation and exposure under standard conditions. Medusa 82 resist compositions tolerate storage periods of several weeks at room temperature. In addition, we generated and investigated variants of Medusa 82, which offer the possibility for exposure with less energy to cross-link the resist. Furthermore, weaker alkaline developers can be applied. A postexposure bake of these new Medusa 82 variants provides a significant enhancement of sensitivity and contrast. In this context, applications of Medusa 82 in deep to extreme ultraviolet and grayscale lithography are described. The use of glasslike resists with moderate electron beam sensitivity has the potential to reduce the effort and to simplify the manufacturing process of micro-optical devices that traditionally have to be structured in glass surfaces. The transformation process of Medusa 82 into a glasslike material involves an e-beam exposure, a thermal treatment, or a combination of both. Moreover, the adjustable contrast and sensitivity enable grayscale lithography. Different e-beam exposures trigger a different cross-linking degree within the layer, resulting in height variations after development. A postexposure bake step induces further cross-linking and a complete conversion into silicon oxide.
Lithium source for focused ion beam implantation and analysis
Authors: Titze Michael , Perry Daniel L. , Auden Elizabeth A. , Pacheco Jose L. , Abraham John B. S. , Bielejec Edward S.
Published: January 2021

We present a new Li source for focused ion beam applications. Based on an AuSi eutectic alloy, Li is added as an impurity to minimize effects from degradation when exposed to air. We show the source is stable over the course of an hour and spot sizes ≲10 nm can be achieved. The Li beam can achieve hundreds of nanometer ranges in semiconductors with minimal damage being generated along the path length. The source performance is evaluated through a high-resolution ion beam induced charge collection experiment on an Si-based detector. Further application of the source for ion beam analysis is numerically explored; the example investigated is based on probing a semiconductor heterostructure through a Rutherford backscattering experiment, where the Li beam can reveal information that is inaccessible with either low energy or high energy He projectiles used as probes.