bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myrmecophilous rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with Aenictus hodgsoni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Thailand, with description of two new genera and three new species
Authors: Maruyama Munetoshi , Komatsu Takashi , Katayama Yuji , Song Xiao-bin , Sakchoowong Watana
Published: May 2014

Three species of rove beetles (subfamily Aleocharinae) were collected from colonies of Aenictus hodgsoni Forel, 1901 in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. They are classified into three genera, including two new genera, and described herein as: Aenictobia siamensis Maruyama, sp. n. (tribe Aenictoteratini), Aenictosymbia cornuta Maruyama, gen. & sp. n. (tribe Lomechusini) and Aenictoxenides mirabilis Maruyama, gen. & sp. n. (tribe Pygostenini). The systematic positions of the new genera are discussed.
Trends and Variability in Severe Snowstorms East of the Rocky Mountains*
Authors: Lawrimore Jay , Karl Thomas R. , Squires Mike , Robinson David A. , Kunkel Kenneth E.
Published: May 2014

The 100 most severe snowstorms within each of six climate regions east of the Rocky Mountains were analyzed to understand how the frequency of severe snowstorms is associated with seasonal averages of other variables that may be more readily predicted and projected. In particular, temperature, precipitation, and El Niño/La Niña anomalies from 1901 to 2013 were studied. In the southern United States, anomalously cold seasonal temperatures were found to be more closely linked to severe snowstorm development than in the northern United States. The conditional probability of occurrence of one or more severe snowstorms in seasons that are colder than average is 80% or greater in regions of the southern United States, which was found to be statistically significant, while it is as low as 35% when seasonal temperatures are warmer than average. This compares with unconditional probabilities of 55%–60%. For seasons that are wetter (drier) than average, severe snowstorm frequency is significantly greater (less) in the Northern Plains region. An analysis of the seasonal timing of severe snowstorm occurrence found they are not occurring as late in the season in recent decades in the warmest climate regions when compared to the previous 75 years. Since 1977, the median date of occurrence in the last half of the cold season is six or more days earlier in the Southeast, South, and Ohio Valley regions than earlier in the twentieth century. ENSO conditions also were found to have a strong influence on the occurrence of the top 100 snowstorms in the Northeast and Southeast regions.
Cropping System Dynamics, Climate Variability, and Seed Losses among East African Smallholder Farmers: A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Leclerc Christian , Mwongera Caroline , Camberlin Pierre , Moron Vincent
Published: May 2014

Climate variability directly affects traditional low input and rain-fed farming systems, but few studies have paid attention retrospectively to the cropping system’s ability to mitigate climate risk. This study analyzes the impacts of rainfall variability on farmers’ seed variety losses over time, considering changes in smallholder farming systems. The cropping system dynamics, in favoring maize at the expense of sorghum and pearl millet, have induced an increasing risk of seed loss during drought. Combining ecological anthropology and climatology, a retrospective survey asking farmers about the period 1961–2006 was carried out at three altitudinal levels (750, 950, and 1100 m) on the eastern slope of Mount Kenya. Over that period, based on 3204 seed loss events reported orally and independently by 208 farmers, the probability to lose sorghum seed (0.056–0.065) was significantly lower than the probability to lose maize seed (0.071–0.087). All crops were more impacted by droughts than by very wet years. Seed loss probability increased for rainy seasons shorter than 50 days, with less than 28 rain days, and with a precipitation amount under 400 mm. Losses are almost linearly related to the frequency of rain days. Logistic regression confirmed that a change in cropping systems, favoring maize at the expense of sorghum and pearl millet, increased the risk of seed losses due to drought over the 46-yr period.
Framing the Relationship Between Catalonia and Spain
Authors: Pujadas Eva , Xifra Jordi
Published: May 2014

The specific objective of this article is to analyze the different ways in which each of the four main political parties addresses the question of relations between Catalonia and Spain in its electoral messages. That is, we analyze whether and how each of the political parties represented in the Catalan Parliament confronts this question, how they define their starting position, the goals of the party, the goals of the country (whether Catalonia or Spain), and the means of meeting them.
Are Non-Tumescent Ablation Procedures Ready to Take Over?
Authors: Sadek Mikel , Kabnick Lowell S
Published: May 2014

Tumescent anesthesia refers to the percutaneous administration of large volume anesthetic to cause the target tissue to become swollen or firm. The use of tumescent anesthesia is essential for the treatment of refluxing truncal veins using endothermal technologies. In order to obviate the use of tumescent anesthesia as an adjunct to treatment, one has to evaluate the technologies that do not employ thermal energy as the modality for treatment. These technologies include foam sclerotherapy, mechanicochemical ablation (MOCA), and the use of glue (Sapheon™ closure system). The following review juxtaposes the literature supporting the use of tumescent-based techniques to the literature supporting the use of tumescent-less techniques
The Future of Phlebology in Europe
Authors: Dharmarajah Brahman , Lane Tristan RA , Moore Hayley M , Neumann HA Martino , Rabe Eberhard , Wittens Cees HA , Davies Alun H
Published: May 2014

Background

Worldwide superficial and deep venous diseases are common and associated with significant individual and socioeconomic morbidity. Increasing burden of venous disease requires Phlebology to define itself as an independent specialty representing not only patients but the multidisciplinary physicians involved in venous care.

Methods & Results

In this article the scope of venous disease in Europe and subsequent future governance for treatment in the region is discussed. Superficial venous disease is common with 26.9-68.6% of European populations reported to have C2-C6 disease according to the CEAP (Clinical severity, Aetiology, Anatomy and Pathophysiology) scoring system. However, a significant disparity is observed in the treatment of superficial venous disease across Europe. Post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after deep vein thrombosis (DVT) contributes to the increasing burden of deep venous disease. Aggressive thrombus removal for acute ileofemoral DVT provides a cost-effective 14.4% risk reduction in the development of PTS. Additionally, deep venous lesions requiring endovascular intervention are being increasingly performed to prevent recurrent thrombosis. The European College of Phlebology (ECoP) has been formed to provide a responsible body for the care of the European patient with venous disease. The role of the ECoP includes unifying European member states through standardised guideline production, identification of research strategy and provision of training and accreditation of physicians.

Conclusion

Creation of a European venous disease specific speciality will provide a patient centred approach through understanding of the impact of disease in the region and delivery of high quality diagnostics and treatment from an appropriately certified Phlebologist.
Which criteria demand additive stenting during catheter-directed thrombolysis?
Authors: Bækgaard N , Just S , Foegh P
Published: May 2014

Many factors are necessary for obtaining satisfactory results after catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Selections of patients, composition of the thrombolytic fluid, anticoagulation per- and post-procedural, recognition and treatment of persistent obstructive lesions of the iliac veins are the most important contributors. Stenting has been known for 15 to 20 years. The first publication on CDT in 1991 was combined with ballooning the iliac vein, an additive procedure which has been abandoned as an isolated procedure. This chapter will discuss selection, indication, such as an iliac compression syndrome, and outcome of iliac stenting in combination with CDT. The reported frequency of stenting used after CDT is very inconsistent, therefore this will be discussed in details. It is concluded that selection for stenting is of the greatest importance, when CDT is used for iliofemoral DVT, but strict criteria for stenting are not available in the existing literature. The potential value of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is also discussed.
Microbial biofilms and wound healing: an ecological hypothesis
Authors: Krom Bastiaan P , Oskam Jacques
Published: May 2014

Man has lived together with microbes for so long that we have become completely dependent on their presence. Most microbes reside in biofilms; structured communities encased in a protective matrix of biopolymers. Under healthy conditions, the microbial biofilm is in balance with itself (endo-balance) and with the host (exo-balance). Integrity of the skin is an important immunological function. Wounds go through a well-orchestrated series of healing steps. However, if for some reason healing times are extended, serious problems related to infection and homeostasis can develop. Based on recent advances in biofilm research and microbiological identification we discuss two hypotheses describing the role of microbial biofilms in chronic wound biology. The first hypothesis describes microbial biofilms as the cause of extended healing times. The second hypothesis is based on the host as cause of extended healing times and basically treats microbial biofilms as a logical consequence of failure to re-build the integrity of the skin.
Short-term follow-up of Quality-of-Life in interventionally treated patients with post-thrombotic syndrome after deep venous occlusion
Authors: Catarinella FS , Nieman FHM , de Wolf MAF , Wittens CHA
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Treatment of deep venous occlusive disease is gaining popularity, although the results and outcomes of various techniques are yet to be fully studied. Quality-of-Life (QoL) improvement is a valid and important outcome in medicine, but no specific QoL instruments for deep venous pathology exist up until now. We assessed the short term QoL effects of treated patients with post thrombotic syndrome after deep venous occlusion.

Materials and methods

Patients with proven venous occlusive disease referred to the outpatient clinic of our department of Venous Surgery in the Maastricht University Medical Centre were included. After inclusion, patients were treated by PTA and stenting and when indicated an endophlebectomy was performed and an AV fistula was made. QoL was assessed with the disease specific VEINES-QOL/Sym and the generic SF-36 questionnaires preoperatively at baseline and postoperatively at 3 and 12 months.

Results

61 patients completed the 3 month follow-up period and 28 patients the 12 month follow-up period. VEINES-QOL and Sym scores improved after 3 months: 17.5 points for QOL (p = < 0.001) and 21.4 points for Sym (p = < 0.001)) and after 12 months 18.8 points for QOL (p = 0.004) and 21.3 points for Sym (p = 0.003)). The SF-36 scores improved significantly in the domains “physical functioning”, “role physical” and “bodily pain”.

Conclusions

Treating deep venous occlusive disease leads to short-term improvement of both disease specific QoL as well as generic QoL scores. Larger long-term follow-up studies are needed to corroborate these results.
What predicts outcome after recanalization of chronic venous obstruction: hemodynamic factors, stent geometry, patient selection, anticoagulation or other factors?
Authors: Jalaie H , Arnoldussen CWKP , Barbati ME , Kurstjens RLM , de Graaf R , Grommes J , Greiner A , de Wolf MA , Wittens CHA
Published: May 2014

In this review we evaluated the effect of different suggested factors associate with the outcome after recanalization of chronic venous obstruction (CVO).

Hemodynamic factors:

Based upon literature no clear suggestions can be made to identify the risk of stent occlusion in association with the hemodynamic effects. However it is evident that ensuring optimal in- and outflow of the stented tract is key in maintaining the patency.

Patient selection:

Noninvasive imaging modalities are used to divide patients in three subgroups based on the place and extension of post-thrombotic changes. Moreover it should be noted that AV fistula in selected patients can reduce the risk of thrombosis or re-occlusion.

Geometry:

Excessive oversizing of the stent and stent compression from outside are considered to be associated with stent occlusion. Additionally, overlapping rigid stents, unnatural angel between stents and in-stent kinking are other geometrical factors related to worse outcome after venous recanalization.

Anticoagulation:

Adequate peri-and postoperative anticoagulation has a crutial role in stent patency. There is no data regarding the duration of anticoagulation therapy and recommendations vary between 6 weeks to 6 months.

Result:

impaired inflow or outflow, presence of a hypercoagulability, total number of treated segments and use of stents designed for implantation in arterial system are associated with decreased stent patency.
A European venous registry: pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Catarinella FS , Stavast I , Wittens CHA
Published: May 2014

Introduction:

Evidence based medicine is not the ideal way to assess and evaluate treatment success, failure and outcomes. Modern technology makes it possible to register a multitude of information. Advances in the venous field are fast and require a more efficient way to allow selection based on outcomes and quality. Registries are theoretically contain the data needed to investigate venous treatments and instruments.

Materials and methods:

A literature review was performed and twenty-five articles were selected for review.

Results:

Current registries fail to perform as needed and do not deliver the needed information. Separate frameworks and applications are available, but up until now no centralized and combined effort has been made to create a true all encompassing European venous registry.

Conclusions:

A European venous registry containing standardized variables regarding all aspects of venous disease is needed to truly investigate and improve our care. An intuitive and integrated EHR application can facilitate the gathering of data needed to create such a registry. A number of rules apply though.
Shifting boundaries between the normal and the pathological: the case of mild intellectual disability
Authors: Cooper Rachel
Published: May 2014

When disorders fade into normality, how can the threshold between normality and disorder be determined? In considering mild intellectual disability, I argue that economic factors partly determine thresholds. We tend to assume that the relationship between disorder, need and services is such that: first, a cut-off point between the disordered and the normal is determined; second, a needy population is identified; and third, resources are found (or at least should be found) to meet this need. However, the changing definitions of intellectual disability can best be understood if we think of this happening in reverse. That is, first, certain resources are thought obtainable, and then a cut-off point for disorder is selected which supplies an appropriately sized ‘needy population’.
‘I am reading the history of religion’: a contribution to the knowledge of Freud’s building of a theory
Authors: Cotti Patricia
Published: May 2014

Could Reinach’s Cultes, mythes et religions (1908) have served as a model for the theory of religion that Freud was later to put forward in Totem and Taboo (1913)? This hypothesis has been tested by examining Freud’s marginalia in his personal copy of Cultes, mythes et religions. In this way it is possible to reconstitute the line of thinking that led Freud to declare, in late summer 1911, that he had found an answer to the question of the origins of tragic guilt and religious sentiment.
‘Visions of the Dying’, by James H Hyslop (1907)
Authors: Alvarado Carlos S
Published: May 2014

Deathbed visions have been of interest to psychical researchers and others since the nineteenth century. This Classic Text presents a reprint of an article on ‘Visions of the Dying’ published in 1907 in the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research by philosopher and psychical researcher James H. Hyslop (1854–1920). The article was Hyslop’s attempt to define the topic as one belonging to the agenda of psychical research and to request additional cases for further study. An introduction to this Classic Text sets it in the context of previous writings on the subject, of Hyslop’s psychical research work, and of his writings about deathbed visions after 1907.
Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling Profile Analysis of Non-Growth Change in Groups
Authors: Gold Paul B. , Kivlighan Dennis M. , Patton Michael J.
Published: May 2014

Whether groups develop in stages, cycles, or combinations of cycles within stages, processes guiding group development rarely follow monotonic growth patterns (e.g., linear). Standard statistical methods cannot be used to model non-growth processes because they assume that all group members manifest the same growth pattern. We demonstrate how non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) profile analysis detects population-level latent normative profiles of non-growth change for repeatedly measured group processes (therapeutic factors) and estimates their association with an external outcome measure (interpersonal problems). Thirty-three individuals participating in counselor training groups reported critical incidents for each of 22 consecutive sessions. Independent judges coded critical incidents using a therapeutic factors rating scheme. Three normative therapeutic factor non-growth profiles were retained, one of which (cycles of interpersonal exploring followed by retreating to safety) predicted decreases in interpersonal problems between pre-test and post-test. Identifying normative- and member-specific change patterns may aid practitioners in matching therapeutic strategies with therapeutic needs.
Literacy in the early years and English as an additional language: The case of a British international school
Authors: Englezou Eliana , Fragkouli Elpiniki
Published: May 2014

The study upon which this article is based investigates teachers’ literacy development methods used in nursery and reception classrooms of a British international school, and focuses specifically on children having English as an additional language (EAL). Findings from teaching observations and from interviews with teachers present the techniques used in order to develop pupils’ literacy skills. The study supports professionals by shedding light on various inclusive techniques for facilitating the literacy development of a class with a significant number of EAL children.
Providing a positive learning experience for international students studying at UK universities: A literature review
Authors: Lillyman Sue , Bennett Clare
Published: May 2014

Much of the current literature relating to international students at university level tends to highlight their experiences from a deficit perspective and in some cases even problematises the experience for the student and university. Other studies tend to focus on recruitment and motivation rather than the lived experiences of the student, thereby providing little assistance to guide the student, academic and host university in their preparation for, and working with, the international student. International students choose to study in the United Kingdom for a variety of positive reasons. However, these factors have the potential to become stressors as the student makes the transition to studying in a foreign country. Rather than viewing these stressors from a negative perspective, this literature review identifies how, with planning, support and understanding, universities can provide and develop a positive experience for all concerned.
Total cost estimation for implementing genome-enabled selection in a multi-level swine production system
Authors: Abell Caitlyn E , Dekkers Jack CM , Rothschild Max F , Mabry John W , Stalder Kenneth J
Published: May 2014

Background

Determining an animal’s genetic merit using genomic information can improve estimated breeding value (EBV) accuracy; however, the magnitude of the accuracy improvement must be large enough to recover the costs associated with implementing genome-enabled selection. One way to reduce costs is to genotype nucleus herd selection candidates using a low-density chip and to use high-density chip genotyping for animals that are used as parents in the nucleus breeding herd. The objective of this study was to develop a tool to estimate the cost structure associated with incorporating genome-enabled selection into multi-level commercial breeding programs.

Results

For the purpose of this deterministic study, it was assumed that a commercial pig is created from a terminal line sire and a dam that is a cross between two maternal lines. It was also assumed that all male and female selection candidates from the 1000 sow maternal line nucleus herds were genotyped at low density and all animals used for breeding at high density. With the assumptions used in this analysis, it was estimated that genome-enabled selection costs for a maternal line would be approximately US$0.082 per weaned pig in the commercial production system. A total of US$0.164 per weaned pig is needed to incorporate genome-enabled selection into the two maternal lines. Similarly, for a 600 sow terminal line nucleus herd and genotyping only male selection candidates with the low-density panel, the cost per weaned pig in the commercial herd was estimated to be US$0.044. This means that US$0.21 per weaned pig produced at the commercial level and sired by boars obtained from the nucleus herd breeding program needs to be added to the genetic merit value in order to break even on the additional cost required when genome-enabled selection is used in both maternal lines and the terminal line.

Conclusions

By modifying the input values, such as herd size and genotyping strategy, a flexible spreadsheet tool developed from this work can be used to estimate the additional costs associated with genome-enabled selection. This tool will aid breeders in estimating the economic viability of incorporating genome-enabled selection into their specific breeding program.
A survey of automatic term extraction for Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: da Silva Conrado Merley , Felippo Ariani Di , Salgueiro Pardo Thiago Alexandre , Rezende Solange Oliveira
Published: May 2014

Background

Term extraction is highly relevant as it is the basis for several tasks, such as the building of dictionaries, taxonomies, and ontologies, as well as the translation and organization of text data.

Methods and Results

In this paper, we present a survey of the state of the art in automatic term extraction (ATE) for the Brazilian Portuguese language. In this sense, the main contributions and projects related to such task have been classified according to the knowledge they use: statistical, linguistic, and hybrid (statistical and linguistic). We also present a study/review of the corpora used in the term extraction in Brazilian Portuguese, as well as a geographic mapping of Brazil regarding such contributions, projects, and corpora, considering their origins.

Conclusions

In spite of the importance of the ATE, there are still several gaps to be filled, for instance, the lack of consensus regarding the formal definition of meaning of ‘term’. Such gaps are larger for the Brazilian Portuguese when compared to other languages, such as English, Spanish, and French. Examples of gaps for Brazilian Portuguese include the lack of a baseline ATE system, as well as the use of more sophisticated linguistic information, such as the WordNet and Wikipedia knowledge bases. Nevertheless, there is an increase in the number of contributions related to ATE and an interesting tendency to use contrasting corpora and domain stoplists, even though most contributions only use frequency, noun phrases, and morphosyntactic patterns.
Incidences and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury in ICU: a prospective observational study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewickrama Eranga S , Ratnayake Gowri M , Wikramaratne Chaminda , Sheriff Rezvi , Rajapakse Senaka
Published: May 2014

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and a serious complication among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), and has been the focus of many studies leading to recent advances in diagnosis and classification. The incidence and outcome of AKI in Sri Lankan ICUs is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, severity and outcome of AKI among patients admitted to the medical ICU, National Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka (NHSL).

Methods

Patients admitted to the medical ICU, NHSL, over a period of 6 months were studied prospectively.

Standard demographic, physiological and clinical data were collected. Severity of illness was assessed using SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score. Diagnosis of AKI was based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria.

Results

Of 212 patients screened, 108 satisfied the inclusion criteria; males 67(61.5%); mean age 47.8 years(SD 19.4, range 12-94). Mean duration of ICU stay was 11.6 days (SD 10.6, range 2-55). Eighty one (75.0%) received mechanical ventilation. Forty nine (45.4%) had sepsis. ICU mortality was 38.9% and AKI was present in 60.2%. The majority of AKI patients (38, 58.5%) had AKI stage 3. Patients with AKI were at higher risk of death (p < 0.01). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of co-morbidities were associated with increased risk of AKI. Patients with AKI had significantly longer ICU stay (Log-Rank Chi Square: 23.186, p < 0.0001). Both the incidence of AKI and ICU mortality were higher in patients with SOFA scores over 9 (Pearson Chi-Square 7.581, p = 0.006, and 11.288, p = 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions

The incidence of AKI is high at 60% among our ICU patients, and those with AKI had higher mortality and longer duration of ICU stay. Age, gender or the presence of co-morbidities was not associated with a higher risk of AKI. Patients with SOFA scores over 9 within the first 24 hours were more likely to develop AKI and had higher risk of death.
Closed expressions for averages of set partition statistics
Authors: Chern Bobbie , Diaconis Persi , Kane Daniel M , Rhoades Robert C
Published: May 2014

In studying the enumerative theory of super characters of the group of upper triangular matrices over a finite field, we found that the moments (mean, variance, and higher moments) of novel statistics on set partitions of [n]={1,2,⋯,n} have simple closed expressions as linear combinations of shifted bell numbers. It is shown here that families of other statistics have similar moments. The coefficients in the linear combinations are polynomials in n. This allows exact enumeration of the moments for small n to determine exact formulae for all n.
An overview: biomolecules from microalgae for animal feed and aquaculture
Authors: Yaakob Zahira , Ali Ehsan , Zainal Afifi , Mohamad Masita , Takriff Mohd Sobri
Published: May 2014

Despite being more popular for biofuel, microalgae have gained a lot of attention as a source of biomolecules and biomass for feed purposes. Algae farming can be established using land as well as sea and strategies can be designed in order to gain the products of specific interest in the optimal way. A general overview of the contributions of Algae to meet the requirements of nutrients in animal/aquaculture feed is presented in this study. In addition to its applications in animal/aquaculture feed, algae can produce a number of biomolecules including astaxanthin, lutein, beta-carotene, chlorophyll, phycobiliprotein, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), beta-1,3-glucan, and pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds which have been reviewed with respect to their commercial importance and current status. The review is further extended to highlight the adequate utilization of value added products in the feeds for livestock, poultry and aquaculture (with emphasis in shrimp farming).
CARM1 and BAF155: an example of how chromatin remodeling factors can be relocalized and contribute to cancer
Authors: Stefansson Olafur A , Esteller Manel
Published: May 2014

In a recent article, Wang and colleagues reported the discovery of a mechanism by which CARM1 regulates the genomic localization of BAF155 (a SWI/SNF subunit involved in chromatin remodeling) through post-translational methylation at R1064 arginine residues. This modification leads to the relocalization of BAF155-containing SWI/SNF complexes to regions containing genes involved in the Myc oncogenic pathway. The results presented are evidence that these interactions constitute a mechanism by which the BAF155 chromatin remodeling factor contributes to cancer.
Glutamine supplementation in the critically ill: friend or foe?
Authors: Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M , van Zanten Arthur RH
Published: May 2014

In the previous issue of Critical Care, Mori and colleagues demonstrate that glutamine supplementation in mechanically ventilated patients as part of parenteral nutrition increases plasma glutamine concentration and glutamine utilization, but does not mitigate protein degradation and even increases de novo glutamine production. Studies suggest that protein degradation is regulated by the degree of inflammation. Immune cells utilize large amounts of glutamine and derive their glutamine requirements from muscle protein degradation. We hypothesize that the effects of glutamine supplementation depend on the degree of inflammation. Infusing large amounts of exogenous glutamine into patients with inflammatory conditions like sepsis and multiple organ failure may not only enhance immune competence, but may potentially augment the inflammatory response and thereby negatively influence outcome.
Resist-free antireflective nanostructured film fabricated by thermal-NIL
Authors: Kang Young Hun , Han Jae Hyung , Cho Song Yun , Choi Choon-Gi
Published: May 2014

Resist-free antireflective (AR) nanostructured films are directly fabricated on polycarbonate (PC) film using thermal-nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) and the moth-eye shape of AR nanostructure is elaborately optimized with different oxygen reactive ion etching conditions. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are directly used as master molds of T-NIL for preparation of AR nanostructures on PC film without an additional T-NIL resist. AR nanostructures are well arranged with a period of about 200 nm and diameter of about 150 nm, which corresponds to those of the AAO template mold. The moth-eye AR nanostructures exhibit the average reflectance of 2% in wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm. From the results, highly enhanced AR properties with simple direct imprinting on PC film demonstrate the potential for panel application in the field of flat display, touch screen, and solar cells.
Reverse-time migration in acoustic VTI media using a high-order stereo operator
Authors: Xie Wei , Yang Dinghui , Liu Faqi , Li Jingshuang
Published: May 2014

With the capability of handling complicated velocity models, reverse-time migration (RTM) has become a powerful imaging method. Improving imaging accuracy and computational efficiency are two significant but challenging tasks in the applications of RTM. Despite being the most popular numerical technique applied in RTM, finite-difference (FD) methods often suffer from undesirable numerical dispersion, leading to a noticeable loss of imaging resolution. A new and effective FD operator, called the high-order stereo operator, has been developed to approximate the partial differential operators in the wave equation, from which a numerical scheme called the three-step stereo method (TSM) has been developed and has shown effectiveness in suppressing numerical dispersion. Numerical results show that compared with the conventional numerical methods such as the Lax-Wendroff correction (LWC) scheme and the staggered-grid (SG) FD method, this new method significantly reduces numerical dispersion and computational cost. Tests on the impulse response and the 2D prestack Hess acoustic VTI model demonstrated that the TSM achieves higher image quality than the LWC and SG methods do, especially when coarse computation grids were used, which indicated that the new method can be a promising algorithm for large-scale anisotropic RTM.
Detailed topography of the Devonian Grosmont Formation surface from legacy high-resolution seismic profiles, northeast Alberta
Authors: Ardakani Elahe P. , Schmitt Douglas R. , Bown Todd D.
Published: May 2014

The Devonian Grosmont Formation in northeastern Alberta, Canada, is the world’s largest accumulation of heavy oil in carbonate rock with estimated bitumen in place of [Formula: see text]. Much of the reservoir unconformably subcrops beneath Cretaceous sediments. This is an eroded surface modified by kartstification known as the Sub-Mannville Unconformity (SMU). We studied the reanalysis and integration of legacy seismic data sets obtained in the mid-1980s to investigate the structure of this surface. Standard data processing was carried out supplemented by some more modern approaches to noise reduction. The interpretation of these reprocessed data resulted in some key structural maps above and below the SMU. These seismic maps revealed substantially more detail than those constructed solely on the basis of well-log data; in fact, the use of only well-log information would likely result in erroneous interpretations. Although features smaller than about 40 m in radius cannot be easily discerned at the SMU due to wavefield and data sampling limits, the data did reveal the existence of a roughly east–west-trending ridge-valley system. A more minor northeast–southwest-trending linear valley also was apparent. These observations are all consistent with the model of a karsted/eroded carbonate surface. Comparison of the maps for the differing horizons further suggested that deeper horizons may influence the structure of the SMU and even the overlying Mesozoic formations. This suggested that some displacements due to karst cavity collapse or minor faulting within the Grosmont occurred during or after deposition of the younger Mesozoic sediments on top of the Grosmont surface.
Synthesis of Tunable Fe3O4@Mesoporous-silica-pillared Clay (MSPC) and Its Performance in Lysozyme Loading and Releasing Behavior
Authors: Yue Liwen , Li Baoshan , Ren Zhiming , Li Xuan
Published: May 2014

A series of Fe3O4@mesoporous-silica-pillared clays (Fe3O4@MSPCs) with different pore size are synthesized using cationic polymeric surfactant templating. These materials possess uniform pore size and the magnetic nanoparticles generated onto the intergallery silica pillar. The polymeric surfactant (PVA-1488) plays a key role to tune both the pore size of the materials and the particle size of Fe3O4. These materials show better performance of lysozyme loading and releasing, as a potential slow-releasing delivery for macromolecule drugs.
Fixed-Cycle Smoothed Production Improves Lean Performance for Make-to-Stock Manufacturing
Authors: Bernegger Peter M. , Webster Scott
Published: May 2014

Eastman Kodak Company is a well-known imaging and printing company that has been practicing lean manufacturing in its production and distribution operations for many years. Kodak manufactures a number of products with sufficient demand flow and volume relative to lot size so that its finishing operations are repetitive. For these products, it applies a production smoothing policy known as heijunka. Kodak’s supply chain model also requires finished goods inventory to ensure an immediate and reliable supply to customers. Appropriate inventory and production control policies are needed to satisfy stochastic demand at a qualified fill rate and to set the cycle time per unit to replenish inventory at a level rate of supply. The lean production control process Kodak implemented initially was an elementary system of action limits prescribed by lean consultants. This system was difficult to interpret and performed erratically. Kodak replaced it with a new system based on operations research and statistical process control techniques, which analytically model the inventory and production control policies for stochastic demand and level supply. The new method improves operational control of lean manufacturing for a make-to-stock application that is realized in production schedule stability, product availability, and lower operating costs.
Editorial—Acknowledging 2013 Marketing Science Contributions
Authors: Desai Preyas S.
Published: May 2014

This editorial acknowledges notable contributions of many individuals to Marketing Science during 2013.
Why Brazil is not ready for the Twenty-First Century Taxonomy: a zoological view
Authors: Andena Sergio Ricardo
Published: May 2014

Taxonomy has suffered from a lack of funds, attracting fewer students, and has been considered by some a mere descriptive field, a second-class science. Many authors have extensively pointed out the urgency of increasing our knowledge of biodiversity. Recently, a movement integrating researchers, institutes, and collections arose for addressing the biodiversity crisis and raising the status of taxonomy to ‘Big Science’. This article discusses some impediments that are preventing Brazil entering the new era of taxonomy.
The tadpole of Dendropsophus haddadi (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae): additions on morphological traits and comparisons with tadpoles of the D. decipiens and D. microcephalus species groups
Authors: De Abreu Rafael Oliveira , Napoli Marcelo Felgueiras , Camardelli Milena , Fonseca Patricia Mendes
Published: May 2014

O grupo de espécies de Dendropsophus decipiens, posicionado no clado de D. microcephalus, compreende D. decipiens, D. berthalutzae, D. oliveirai e D. haddadi, que têm suas larvas já descritas na literatura. No presente trabalho, descrevemos a variação do girino de D. haddadi oriundo do Município de Mata de São João, estado da Bahia, Brasil. Também, comparamos este girino às larvas dos grupos de espécies de D. decipiens e D. microcephalus já descritas na literatura.
Diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) epífitas em Acrostichum danaeifolium (Pteridaceae) no Arroio Pseudônimo, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Da Rosa Vanessa Correa , Garcia Marinês
Published: May 2014

Considering the insufficient scientific knowledge of diatoms attached to plants in wetlands, this study aims to present their floristic composition in Arroio Pseudônimo and also images of species that represent first records for the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twelve samples from the fern Acrostichum danaeifolium fronds were collected, over four seasons (from May 2011 to January 2012). Acrostichum danaeifolium has a limited distribution in Arroio Pseudônimo (Lagoa Pequena), Pelotas. Epiphytic material was removed and permanent slides were prepared for observation and identification. Physical (temperature, depth, water transparency and flow) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity, phosphorus and nitrogen) variables of water were measured. The diatom flora showed high species richness (157); Nitzschia displayed the highest number of taxa (22). The community was composed of taxa characteristic of fresh water (26%), estuarine (50%) and marine (14%), from classes Bacillariophyceae (75%), Coscinodiscophyceae (17%) and Fragillariophyceae (8%). The greatest richness occurred in summer (99 species) and autumn (90), compared to spring (46) and winter (29). Twenty-three species are recorded for the first time to Rio Grande do Sul.
A fauna de peixes nas bacias do sul do Espírito Santo, Brasil
Authors: Sarmento-Soares Luisa Maria , Martins-Pinheiro Ronaldo Fernando
Published: May 2014

The South Espírito Santo river basins include the Rio Itapemirim basin, the small river basins in Marataízes and a portion of the Rio Itabapoana basin, in Southeast Brazil. Nighty-two geo-referenced sites were sampled: 23 in Itabapoana, 66 in Itapemirim and three in Marataízes. A species list has been prepared, giving habitat details. Seventy-nine species, in 31 families and 11 orders were, reported, 17 species being from marine or brackish-water/estuarine habitats. The great majority of freshwater species belong to the Siluriformes (29 species), followed by the Characiformes (19). Torrential rivers, protected by the Caparaó mountains, display the lowest richness, with only a few species recorded from the highest valleys. On the other hand, in lowland river valleys along the Serra das Torres, an exceptional diversity of stream fishes was observed. Because of the only known population of Trichogenes claviger, a relictual species of Trichomycteridae, in the river Caxixe, this area is highly strategic in planning conservation of the Icthyofauna of the Itapemirim basin. Some species from southern Espírito Santo were described based on material collected on the historic Thayer Expedition, which crossed the region in 1865. Likewise, Oligosarcus acutirostris, Astyanax microschemos and Trichogenes claviger were also described based on fishes from southern Espírito Santo. A high endemism of freshwater species was observed between southern Espírito Santo rivers and lower Paraíba do Sul, suggesting a common history among these rivers.
Desmidiaceae (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) da Lagoa das Bateias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Maria Aparecida , Conceição Lorena Pedreira , Pereira Fabiana Assis , De Oliveira Ivania Batista , Dos Santos Andrea Karla Almeida
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to identify, describe and illustrate the desmid species from the lagoon of the Bateias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil, based on analysis of 15 samples collected in months of the wet (December 2010, April and December 2011) and dry (May and of October 2011) seasons. The samples were obtained in the coastal area of the lagoon using a plankton net with mesh openings of 20 μm fixed with formalin at 4%. A total of 16 taxa were identified and described, all belonging to Desmediaceae, representing the genera Cosmarium (6 species), Euastrum (1), Micrasterias (1), Pleurotaenium (1), Staurastrum (5) and Staurodesmus (2). Amongst the 16 taxa, five are reported for the first time for continental algae flora of Bahia State and two varieties – Cosmarium clepsydra var. dissimile and C. tenue var. depressum – are new reports for Brazil.
Flora da Bahia: Martyniaceae
Authors: Giulietti Ana Maria , Harley Raymond Mervyn
Published: May 2014

This account of Martyniaceae is a further contribution to the ongoing Flora of Bahia, Brazil. The genus Holoregmia, an endemic of Bahia´s Caatinga, is represented by its only species H. viscida. Descriptions for the family, genus and species, as well as illustrations, and general comments for the species are presented.
Estabelecimento in vitro e crescimento inicial de Physallis angulata (Solanaceae)
Authors: De Oliveira Lenaldo Muniz , Silva Anderson De Carvalho , Pereira Danilo Marcelo Santos , Lucchese Angélica Maria , De Santana José Raniere Ferreira
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to establish Physalis angulata in vitro and identify the best culture medium for germination and initial growth of the species. We assessed the germination, in vitro establishment and initial growth of its seedlings in different culture media (MS, WPM and ½MS). First, we evaluated the percentage, average time and speed index of germination 15 days after seed inoculation. Then, we evaluated the average number of roots and leaves, length of shoots and roots, and dry mass of shoots, leaves and roots of seedlings 15, 30 and 45 days after seed inoculation. Germination started four days after inoculation and the choice of culture media did not affect germination. However, significant differences among culture media were found for most growth parameters evaluated. The culture media WPM and ½MS provide better initial growth of seedlings and these are recommended for the other stages of micropropagation of this species.
Beyond Copyright and Technology: What Open Access Can Tell Us about Precarity, Authority, Innovation, and Automation in the University Today
Authors: Kelty Christopher
Published: May 2014

In this interview, we discuss what open access can teach us about the state of the university, as well as practices in scholarly publishing. In particular the focus is on issues of labor and precarity, the question of how open access enables or blocks other innovations in scholarship, the way open access might be changing practices of scholarship, and the role of technology and automation in the creation, evaluation, and circulation of scholarly work.
Ironies of Laboratory Work during Ghana's Second Age of Optimism
Authors: Droney Damien
Published: May 2014

While Ghana is touted as an African success story, the young employees of a large herbal medicine research center in Ghana make sardonic and cynical remarks about the state of science in contemporary Africa. They decry the improvisation that characterizes doing science on the continent, point out what is lacking from their laboratories, and mock the ways in which their work appears embarrassingly peculiar. They claim that their labs are “not modern” and ironically refer to dissatisfying aspects of their work as “African science,” a second-rate version of science done elsewhere. This is what Achille Mbembe has called negative interpretation, where social life is understood primarily in the ways in which it differs from an assumed Western standard. These jokes reference an earlier period in Ghanaian history, when African science formed part of the project of postcolonial nation building. Scientists of the independence period constructed the scientific and medical infrastructure of Ghana to both provide for the needs of its people and to represent the status of modern Africa to the world. The apparently incongruous relationship between the cynicism of these jokes and the strain of Afro-optimism that has recently surrounded Ghana indicates a sustained shift in the identity politics of African professionals since independence. Their jokes signal their attempts at disentangling their identities from the project of African modernity, and at positioning themselves as scientists working in the context of Ghana.
The Authority of Telemachus
Authors: Gottesman A.
Published: May 2014

The role of Telemachus in the Odyssey is a perennial puzzle. This paper argues that Telemachus must reconstruct authority in Ithaca in order to present the death of the suitors as a lawful execution rather than as an extra-legal murder. This is part of the Odyssey's strategy to exonerate Odysseus from any possible blame. The job falls to Telemachus because in the Odyssey authority is premised on personal relationships, and the suitors simply do not know Odysseus. The construction of authority occurs in a sympotic and domestic arena where Telemachus competes against the suitors to assert control over the key social practices of marriage (gamos), transportation (pompê), and hospitality (xeinia).