bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Evaluation Based on Bayesian Transformations: Taking Facies Proportion as An Example
Authors: Qiao Yangming , Li Shaohua , Li Wanbing
Published: October 2023

Many input parameters in reservoir modeling cannot be uniquely determined due to the incompleteness of data and the heterogeneity of the reservoir. Sedimentary facies modeling is a crucial part of reservoir modeling. The facies proportion is an important parameter affecting the modeling results, because that proportion directly determines the net gross ratio, reserves and sandbody connectivity. An uncertainty evaluation method based on Bayesian transformation is proposed to reduce the uncertainty of the facies proportion. According to the existing data and geological knowledge, the most probable value of the facies ratio and the prior distribution of uncertainty are estimated. The prior distribution of the facies proportion is divided into several intervals, and the proportions contained in each interval are used in facies modeling. Then, spatial resampling is carried out for each realization to obtain the likelihood estimation of the facies proportion. Finally, the posterior distribution of the facies ratio is achieved based on Bayesian transformation. The case study shows that the uncertainty interval of sandstone proportion in the study area has been reduced from [0.31, 0.59] to [0.35, 0.55], with a range reduction of 29%, indicating that the updated posterior distribution reduces the uncertainty of reservoir lithofacies proportion, thereby reducing the uncertainty of modeling results.
Review of Electric Vehicle Testing Procedures for Digital Twin Development: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Rjabtšikov Viktor , Rassõlkin Anton , Kudelina Karolina , Kallaste Ants , Vaimann Toomas
Published: October 2023

This article explores the transformative potential of digital twin (DT) technology in the automotive sector, focusing on its applications in enhancing propulsion drive systems. DT technology, a virtual representation of physical objects, has gained momentum due to its real-time monitoring and analysis capabilities. Within the automotive industry, where propulsion systems dictate vehicle performance, DTs offer a game-changing approach. Propulsion drive systems encompass electric motors, transmissions, and related components, significantly impacting efficiency and power delivery. Traditional design and testing methods need help addressing these systems’ intricate interactions. This article aims to investigate how DTs can revolutionize propulsion systems. The study examines various applications of DTs, ranging from predictive maintenance to performance optimization and energy efficiency enhancement. The article underscores the technology’s potential by reviewing case studies and real-world implementations. It also outlines challenges tied to integration and validation. In unveiling the capabilities of DT technology for propulsion systems, this article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of its role in shaping a more data-driven and efficient automotive industry.
Neural-Network-Based Time Control for Microwave Oven Heating of Food Products Distributed by a Solar-Powered Vending Machine with Energy Management Considerations
Authors: Savaniu Ioan Mihail , Chiriță Alexandru-Polifron , Tonciu Oana , Culcea Magdalena , Neagu Ancuta
Published: October 2023

This article presents novel research on the utilization of a neural-network-based time control system for microwave oven heating of food items within a solar-powered vending machine. The research aims to explore the control of heating time for various food products, considering multiple variables. The neural network controller is calibrated through extensive experimentation, allowing it to accurately predict optimal heating times based on input parameters such as food type, weight, initial temperature, water content, and desired doneness level. The results demonstrate that the neural-network-controlled microwave oven achieves precise and desirable heating durations, mitigating the risk of overheating and ensuring superior food quality and taste. Moreover, the solar-powered vending machine showcases a commitment to sustainable energy sources, effectively reducing dependence on non-renewable energy and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. To maintain food quality and freshness, a food refrigeration unit is integrated into the vending machine, employing load-balancing technology to control the refrigeration chamber’s temperature effectively. Energy efficiency is prioritized in both the refrigeration unit and the microwave oven through intelligent algorithms and system optimization. The combination of a neural-network-controlled microwave oven, a solar-powered vending machine, and a food refrigeration unit introduces a novel and sustainable approach to food preparation and energy management.
Potential Business Models of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) for the Oil Refining Industry in Thailand
Authors: Thepsaskul Waranya , Wongsapai Wongkot , Sirisrisakulchai Jirakom , Jaitiang Tassawan , Daroon Sopit , Raksakulkan Varoon , Muangjai Phitsinee , Ritkrerkkrai Chaichan , Suttakul Pana , Wattakawigran Gengwit
Published: October 2023

The escalating concerns over climate change have propelled industries worldwide to seek innovative strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Within the energy sector, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology emerges as a promising solution to curtail emissions and foster sustainable development aims for the net zero approach. This research delves into the role of government support in expediting CCS adoption for the maximum potential of 9.79 MtCO2 storage from six major refinery plants. The refineries mentioned above are anticipated to necessitate an initial capital investment of approximately 18,307 million THB. This research focuses on potential business model proposals appropriate for a country’s context, specifically, applying CCS technology to the Thai oil refining sector. To achieve the realization of CCS within the context of this study, a combination of three essential measures will be required: tax incentives, carbon credits, and grants. This process will commence with the implementation of tax incentives, followed by an increase in the carbon price within the country. Finally, the establishment of a dedicated fund, funded through deductions from oil excise tax revenue, will play a pivotal role in facilitating the necessary financial support for the emergence of CCS.
Detection of Manufacturing Defects in Lithium-Ion Batteries-Analysis of the Potential of Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Evans Daniel , Luc Paul-Martin , Tebruegge Claas , Kowal Julia
Published: October 2023

Realising an ideal lithium-ion battery (LIB) cell characterised by entirely homogeneous physical properties poses a significant, if not an impossible, challenge in LIB production. Even the slightest deviation in a process parameter in its production leads to inhomogeneities and causes a deviation in performance parameters of LIBs within the same batch. The greater the number and/or intensity of inhomogeneities, the more they need to be avoided. Severe inhomogeneities (defects), such as metal particle contamination, significantly impact the cell’s performance. Besides electrical measurements, image-based measurement methods can be used to identify defects and, thus, ensure the production quality and safety of LIBs. While the applicability of computed tomography (CT) as an image-based measurement method for detecting defects has been proven, the limitations of this method still need to be determined. In this study, a systematic analysis of the capabilities of CT imaging was conducted. A multilayer pouch cell without an electrolyte was reassembled with several defects on one of the middle anodes. To investigate the boundaries of CT, defects such as a partial and complete removal of the coating, a cut, or a kink, as well as particle contaminations of various sizes and materials (aluminium, copper, iron) were chosen. By comparing the CT images of the cell using laser scanning microscope images of the defective anode, it could be proven that all selected defects except the kink were detectable.
Critical Analysis of the Past, Present, and Future of Dendrochemistry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Canning Chloe M. , Laroque Colin P. , Muir David
Published: October 2023

Dendrochemistry, the study of elements found within tree rings, has been used to understand environmental changes from both natural and anthropogenic sources. When used appropriately, dendrochemistry can provide a greater understanding of the elemental changes in the environment. However, environmental and species-specific processes have been shown to impact results, and research from the field has been scrutinized due to the need for a greater understanding that role-specific processes such as translocation play. This systematic literature review examines dendrochemistry’s history, highlights how the field has changed, and hypothesizes where it might be headed. From this review, we recommend the following measures: (1) promoting the use of new experimental techniques and methods with faster data acquisition time to allow for a greater number of samples to be processed and included in studies to increase statistical significance; (2) that more studies focus on the two- and three-dimensional space that trees grow in and consider the complex physiological processes occurring in that space and over time and (3) more lab-based studies to reduce the variables that cannot be controlled when sampling in situ. Understanding the challenges and opportunities from the past, present, and future research of dendrochemistry is crucial to the advancement of the field.
Lightweight Model Design and Compression of CRN for Trunk Borers’ Vibration Signals Enhancement
Authors: Zhao Xiaorong , Li Juhu , Zhang Huarong
Published: October 2023

Trunk borers are among the most destructive forest pests. The larvae of some species living and feeding in the trunk, relying solely on the tree’s appearance to judge infestation is challenging. Currently, one of the most effective methods to detect the larvae of some trunk-boring beetles is by analyzing the vibration signals generated by the larvae while they feed inside the tree trunk. However, this method faces a problem: the field environment is filled with various noises that get collected alongside the vibration signals, thus affecting the accuracy of pest detection. To address this issue, vibration signal enhancement is necessary. Moreover, deploying sophisticated technology in the wild is restricted due to limited hardware resources. In this study, a lightweight vibration signal enhancement was developed using EAB (Emerald Ash Borer) and SCM (Small Carpenter Moth) as insect example. Our model combines CRN (Convolutional Recurrent Network) and Transformer. We use a multi-head mechanism instead of RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) for intra-block processing and retain inter-block RNN. Furthermore, we utilize a dynamic pruning algorithm based on sparsity to further compress the model. As a result, our model achieves excellent enhancement with just 0.34M parameters. We significantly improve the accuracy rate by utilizing the vibration signals enhanced by our model for pest detection. Our results demonstrate that our method achieves superior enhancement performance using fewer computing and storage resources, facilitating more effective use of vibration signals for pest detection.
Application of the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment Tool for a Small-Scale Grouper Fishery in Indonesia
Authors: Herdiana Yudi , Wiryawan Budy , Wisudo Sugeng H. , Tweedley James R. , Yulianto Irfan , Natsir Mohamad , Agustina Siska , Hordyk Adrian , Loneragan Neil R.
Published: October 2023

Management strategy evaluation using the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) platform was used to evaluate management procedures (MPs) for improving the management of the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) fishery in Saleh Bay, Indonesia. This grouper is a valuable species currently under high fishing pressure. It is targeted by small-scale fisheries using a wide range of fishing methods; hence, management recommendations are needed to ensure sustainability. A suite of MPs for data-limited conditions were evaluated for their ability to achieve limit and target biomass reference points (B/BMSY = 0.5 and B/BMSY = 1, respectively), while maintaining a target yield of at least 0.5 MSY. The simulation results suggest that the currently implemented harvest control rules (HCRs) in Saleh Bay (size limit and spatial closure) may not be effective in achieving the management objective to attain the target biomass reference point due to relatively low compliance with the size limit regulation (320 mm total length) and the very small proportion of existing MPA no-take areas (~2.2%). This study recommends that the fisheries management authority explores the feasibility of implementing the total allowable catch (TAC) and seasonal closure in addition to the existing fishing regulations for P. leopardus in Saleh Bay.
Influence of Sous Vide Cooking on Ground Beef Patties
Authors: Douglas Savannah L. , Bernardez-Morales Gabriela M. , Nichols Brooks W. , Belk Aeriel D. , Reyes Tristan M. , Ball Jase J. , Sawyer Jason T.
Published: October 2023

With rising consumer demand for fast-food options, quick-service restaurants are constantly developing new menu items to attract consumers. Sous vide cookery has become popular for the in-home and fine dining consumer but has not been considered the first cooking option for quick service applications. Therefore, ground beef patties were manufactured to measure the influence of sous vide cooking time on the patty characteristics of moisture, color, and objective tenderness. Patties were randomly assigned a sous vide cooking time of 30, 60, or 90 min and then grilled to an internal temperature of 71.1 °C. Patties sous vide cooked for 30 min exhibited the greatest (p < 0.05) cook loss, Allo–Kramer Shear Force (AKSF) and were darker (L*) than patties sous vide cooked for 60 or 90 min. Additionally, neither internal redness, calculated spectral values of chroma, hue angle, or red-to-brown differed (p > 0.05) regardless of sous vide cooking time. Sous vide cooking duration prior to grilling the ground beef patties altered the moisture, color, and objective texture characteristics of ground beef patties.
Conformational and Structural Changes in Chickpea Proteins Caused by Simulated Salivary Alterations in the Elderly
Authors: Contardo Ingrid , Guzmán Fanny , Enrione Javier
Published: October 2023

The impact of salivary alterations on chickpea protein structure in the elderly has not been well documented. This study aimed to understand the role of simulated salivary alterations in the conformational properties and secondary structure of the chickpea protein isolate (CPI). Whey protein isolate (WPI) was used as the reference. Protein dispersions (10%) were subjected to in vitro oral processing under simulated salivary conditions in both the elderly and adult subjects. Proteins and their oral counterparts were characterized in terms of their composition, charge, size, solubility, water absorption, molecular weight (MW), and secondary structure (Circular Dichroism and Raman spectroscopy). Under condition of simulated oral digestion in the elderly population, the ordered secondary protein structure was significantly affected, decreasing α-helix by ~36% and ~29% in CPI and WPI compared to the control (adult) population, respectively. An increase in the unordered random coil state was observed. These results could be attributed to an increase in electrolytes in the salivary composition. The structure of CPI is more stable than that of WPI because of its higher MW, more rigid structure, less charged surface, and different amino acid compositions. This study is meaningful in understanding how alterations in the elderly oral system affect protein conformation and is expected to improve the understanding of plant-based protein digestibility.
Characterization of the RAD52 Gene in the Budding Yeast Naumovozyma castellii
Authors: Itriago Humberto , Marufee Islam Zubaida , Cohn Marita
Published: October 2023

Several sources of DNA damage compromise the integrity and stability of the genome of every organism. Specifically, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can have lethal consequences for the cell. To repair this type of DNA damage, the cells employ homology-directed repair pathways or non-homologous end joining. Homology-directed repair requires the activity of the RAD52 epistasis group of genes. Rad52 is the main recombination protein in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and rad52Δ mutants have been characterized to show severe defects in DSB repair and other recombination events. Here, we identified the RAD52 gene in the budding yeast Naumovozyma castellii. Our analysis showed that the primary amino acid sequence of N. castellii Rad52 shared 70% similarity with S. cerevisiae Rad52. To characterize the gene function, we developed rad52Δ mutant strains by targeted gene replacement transformation. We found that N. castellii rad52Δ mutants showed lowered growth capacity, a moderately altered cell morphology and increased sensitivity to genotoxic agents. The decreased viability of the N. castellii rad52Δ mutants in the presence of genotoxic agents indicates that the role of the Rad52 protein in the repair of DNA damage is conserved in this species.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of WRKY Gene Family in Melastoma dodecandrum
Authors: Tang Ruonan , Zhu Yunjun , Yang Songmin , Wang Fei , Chen Guizhen , Chen Jinliao , Zhao Kai , Liu Zhongjian , Peng Donghui
Published: October 2023

WRKY is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as in abiotic and biological stresses. However, there is little information about the WRKY family in Melastoma dodecandrum. In this study, 126 WRKY members were identified in M. dodecandrum. According to phylogenetic analysis, they were divided into three major groups, and group II was further divided into five subgroups. MedWRKY genes were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Additionally, the gene structure and sequence composition were similar within the same group and differed between groups, suggesting their functional diversity. The promoter sequence analysis identified a number of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, stress response, and secondary metabolite synthesis in the WRKY gene family. The collinearity analysis showed that gene replication events were the main driving force of MedWRKY gene evolution. The transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis suggested that MedWRKY genes had higher expression in the roots and ripe fruit of M. dodecandrum. In short, this paper lays a foundation for further study of the functions and molecular mechanism of M. dodecandrum WRKY gene family.
Anti-NMDA and Anti-AMPA Receptor Antibodies in Central Disorders: Preclinical Approaches to Assess Their Pathological Role and Translatability to Clinic
Authors: Olivero Guendalina , Roggeri Alessandra , Pittaluga Anna
Published: October 2023

Autoantibodies against NMDA and AMPA receptors have been identified in the central nervous system of patients suffering from brain disorders characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms. It has been demonstrated that these autoantibodies can affect the functions and/or the expression of the targeted receptors, altering synaptic communication. The importance to clarify, in preclinical models, the molecular mechanisms involved in the autoantibody-mediated effects has emerged in order to understand their pathogenic role in central disorders, but also to propose new therapeutic approaches for preventing the deleterious central consequences. In this review, we describe some of the available preclinical literature concerning the impact of antibodies recognizing NMDA and AMPA receptors in neurons. This review discusses the cellular events that would support the detrimental roles of the autoantibodies, also illustrating some contrasting findings that in our opinion deserve attention and further investigations before translating the preclinical observations to clinic.
Staphylococcus aureus Modulates Carotenoid and Phospholipid Content in Response to Oxygen-Restricted Growth Conditions, Triggering Changes in Membrane Biophysical Properties
Authors: Zamudio-Chávez Laura , Suesca Elizabeth , López Gerson-Dirceu , Carazzone Chiara , Manrique-Moreno Marcela , Leidy Chad
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcus aureus membranes contain carotenoids formed during the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin. These carotenoids are considered virulence factors due to their activity as scavengers of reactive oxygen species and as inhibitors of antimicrobial peptides. Here, we show that the growth of S. aureus under oxygen-restricting conditions downregulates carotenoid biosynthesis and modifies phospholipid content in biofilms and planktonic cells analyzed using LC-MS. At oxygen-restrictive levels, the staphyloxanthin precursor 4,4-diapophytofluene accumulates, indicating that the dehydrogenation reaction catalyzed by 4,4′-diapophytoene desaturases (CrtN) is inhibited. An increase in lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol is observed under oxygen-restrictive conditions in planktonic cells, and high levels of cardiolipin are detected in biofilms compared to planktonic cells. Under oxygen-restriction conditions, the biophysical parameters of S. aureus membranes show an increase in lipid headgroup spacing, as measured with Laurdan GP, and decreased bilayer core order, as measured with DPH anisotropy. An increase in the liquid–crystalline to gel phase melting temperature, as measured with FTIR, is also observed. S. aureus membranes are therefore less condensed under oxygen-restriction conditions at 37 °C. However, the lack of carotenoids leads to a highly ordered gel phase at low temperatures, around 15 °C. Carotenoids are therefore likely to be low in S. aureus found in tissues with low oxygen levels, such as abscesses, leading to altered membrane biophysical properties.
Regenerative Therapies for Basal Thumb Arthritis—A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasiba-Pappas Sophie , Kamolz Lars-P. , Luze Hanna , Nischwitz Sebastian P. , Lumenta David B. , Winter Raimund
Published: October 2023

Basal thumb arthritis is a painful and debilitating pathology that can severely reduce a patients’ quality of life. Common therapies include oral pain control, local steroid injections and/or surgery. Yet, therapeutic data on long-term improvement and even cartilage repair are scarce. This review aims to present the currently available literature on novel therapies for basal thumb arthritis, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), fat grafting and phototherapy, and investigate their potential efficacy. The entire OVID database and PubMed were searched for studies containing the topics PRP injection, lipofilling, laser treatment and regenerative treatment for carpometacarpal arthritis. Seven studies on the effect of fat tissue on basal thumb arthritis were found. Four authors reported on PRP injections, one RCT examined a combinational treatment of PRP and fat grafting, another phototherapy for the thumb joint and one prospective trial on chondrocyte transplantation was found. Pain improvement and decreased impairment were reported in the majority of PRP and/or fat grafting studies as well as after chondrocyte implantation. Phototherapy did not significantly improve the condition. This review revealed that only limited data on regenerative therapies for carpometacarpal arthritis are currently available, yet PRP and lipofilling show promising results and merit further investigation.
Omics and Multi-Omics in IBD: No Integration, No Breakthroughs
Authors: Fiocchi Claudio
Published: October 2023

The recent advent of sophisticated technologies like sequencing and mass spectroscopy platforms combined with artificial intelligence-powered analytic tools has initiated a new era of “big data” research in various complex diseases of still-undetermined cause and mechanisms. The investigation of these diseases was, until recently, limited to traditional in vitro and in vivo biological experimentation, but a clear switch to in silico methodologies is now under way. This review tries to provide a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art knowledge on omes, omics and multi-omics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The notion and importance of omes, omics and multi-omics in both health and complex diseases like IBD is introduced, followed by a discussion of the various omics believed to be relevant to IBD pathogenesis, and how multi-omics “big data” can generate new insights translatable into useful clinical tools in IBD such as biomarker identification, prediction of remission and relapse, response to therapy, and precision medicine. The pitfalls and limitations of current IBD multi-omics studies are critically analyzed, revealing that, regardless of the types of omes being analyzed, the majority of current reports are still based on simple associations of descriptive retrospective data from cross-sectional patient cohorts rather than more powerful longitudinally collected prospective datasets. Given this limitation, some suggestions are provided on how IBD multi-omics data may be optimized for greater clinical and therapeutic benefit. The review concludes by forecasting the upcoming incorporation of multi-omics analyses in the routine management of IBD.
Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Characterization and Cellular Effects
Authors: Grossini Elena , Esposito Teresa , Viretto Michela , Venkatesan Sakthipriyan , Licari Ilaria , Surico Daniela , Della Corte Francesco , Castello Luigi , Bruno Stefania , Quaglia Marco , Comi Cristoforo , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Vaschetto Rosanna
Published: October 2023

Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a pathophysiological role in the onset of complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), potentially contributing to the development of vasospasm (VP). In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs in SAH patients and examine their effects on endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a total of 18 SAH patients, 10 with VP (VP), 8 without VP (NVP), and 5 healthy controls (HC), clinical variables were recorded at different time points. EVs isolated from plasma samples were characterized and used to stimulate human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SMCs. We found that EVs from SAH patients expressed markers of T-lymphocytes and platelets and had a larger size and a higher concentration compared to those from HC. Moreover, EVs from VP patients reduced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs and increased oxidants and nitric oxide (NO) release. Furthermore, EVs from SAH patients increased intracellular calcium levels in SMCs. Altogether, our findings reveal an altered pattern of circulating EVs in SAH patients, suggesting their pathogenic role in promoting endothelial damage and enhancing smooth muscle reactivity. These results have significant implications for the use of EVs as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic tools in SAH management.
Inflammatory Blood Biomarkers Are Associated with Long-Term Clinical Disease Severity in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hepp Dagmar H. , van Wageningen Thecla A. , Kuiper Kirsten L. , van Dijk Karin D. , Oosterveld Linda P. , Berendse Henk W. , van de Berg Wilma D. J.
Published: October 2023

An altered immune response has been identified as a pathophysiological factor in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to identify blood immunity-associated proteins that discriminate PD from controls and that are associated with long-term disease severity in PD patients. Immune response-derived proteins in blood plasma were measured using Proximity Extension Technology by OLINK in a cohort of PD patients (N = 66) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 52). In a selection of 30 PD patients, we evaluated changes in protein levels 7–10 years after the baseline and assessed correlations with motor and cognitive assessments. Data from the Parkinson’s Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP) cohort and the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort were used for independent validation. PD patients showed an altered immune response compared to controls based on a panel of four proteins (IL-12B, OPG, CXCL11, and CSF-1). The expression levels of five inflammation-associated proteins (CCL23, CCL25, TNFRSF9, TGF-alpha, and VEGFA) increased over time in PD and were partially associated with more severe motor and cognitive symptoms at follow-up. Increased CCL23 levels were associated with cognitive decline and the APOE4 genotype. Our findings provide further evidence for an altered immune response in PD that is associated with disease severity in PD over a long period of time.
Genome-Wide Characterization of the Maize (Zea mays L.) WRKY Transcription Factor Family and Their Responses to Ustilago maydis
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Wangshu , Qu Jianzhou , Li Fenghai , Du Wanli , Weng Jianfeng
Published: October 2023

Members of the WRKY transcription factor (TF) family are unique to plants and serve as important regulators of diverse physiological processes, including the ability of plants to manage biotic and abiotic stressors. However, the functions of specific WRKY family members in the context of maize responses to fungal pathogens remain poorly understood, particularly in response to Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda (U. maydis), which is responsible for the devastating disease known as corn smut. A systematic bioinformatic approach was herein employed for the characterization of the maize WRKY TF family, leading to the identification of 120 ZmWRKY genes encoded on 10 chromosomes. Further structural and phylogenetic analyses of these TFs enabled their classification into seven different subgroups. Segmental duplication was established as a major driver of ZmWRKY family expansion in gene duplication analyses, while the Ka/Ks ratio suggested that these ZmWRKY genes had experienced strong purifying selection. When the transcriptional responses of these genes to pathogen inoculation were evaluated, seven U. maydis-inducible ZmWRKY genes were identified, as validated using a quantitative real-time PCR approach. All seven of these WKRY proteins were subsequently tested using a yeast one-hybrid assay approach, which revealed their ability to directly bind the ZmSWEET4b W-box element, thereby controlling the U. maydis-inducible upregulation of ZmSWEET4b. These results suggest that these WRKY TFs can control sugar transport in the context of fungal infection. Overall, these data offer novel insight into the evolution, transcriptional regulation, and functional characteristics of the maize WRKY family, providing a basis for future research aimed at exploring the mechanisms through which these TFs control host plant responses to common smut and other fungal pathogens.
Interplays between cis- and trans-Acting Factors for Alternative Splicing in Response to Environmental Changes during Biological Invasions of Ascidians
Authors: Huang Xuena , Li Hanxi , Zhan Aibin
Published: October 2023

Alternative splicing (AS), a pivotal biological process contributing to phenotypic plasticity, creates a bridge linking genotypes with phenotypes. Despite its importance, the AS mechanisms underlying environmental response and adaptation have not been well studied, and more importantly, the cis- and trans-acting factors influencing AS variation remain unclear. Using the model invasive congeneric ascidians, Ciona robusta, and Ciona savignyi, we compared their AS responses to environmental changes and explored the potential determinants. Our findings unveiled swift and dynamic AS changes in response to environmental challenges, and differentially alternative spliced genes (DASGs) were functionally enriched in transmembrane transport processes. Interestingly, both the prevalence and level of AS in C. robusta were lower than those observed in C. savignyi. Furthermore, these two indices were higher under temperature stresses compared to salinity stresses in C. savignyi. All the observed patterns underscore the species-specific and environmental context-dependent AS responses to environmental challenges. The dissimilarities in genomic structure and exon/intron size distributions between these two species likely contributed to the observed AS variation. Moreover, we identified a total of 11 and 9 serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) with conserved domains and gene structures in the genomes of C. robusta and C. savignyi, respectively. Intriguingly, our analysis revealed that all detected SRSFs did not exhibit prevalent AS regulations. Instead, we observed AS control over a set of genes related to splicing factors and spliceosome components. Altogether, our results elucidate species-specific and environmental challenge-dependent AS response patterns in closely related invasive ascidians. The identified splicing factors and spliceosome components under AS control offer promising candidates for further investigations into AS-mediated rapid responses to environmental challenges complementary to SRSFs.
The Immune Regulatory Role of Adenosine in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Xing Jianlei , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Jinyan
Published: October 2023

Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors. It mediates pro-tumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, migration or invasion, tumor tissue angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, adenosine plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and facilitating tumor immune escape. Adenosine receptors are broadly expressed by tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including suppressive tumor-associated macrophages and CD4+ regulatory T cells, as well as effector CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, adenosine is indispensable in down-regulating anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor progression. This review describes the current progress on the role of adenosine/adenosine receptor pathway in regulating the tumor-infiltrating immune cells that contribute to tumor immune evasion and aims to provide insights into adenosine-targeted tumor immunotherapy.
Prognostic Impact of Serial Imaging in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Balik Martin , Maly Michal , Huptych Michal , Mokotedi Masego Candy , Lambert Lukas
Published: October 2023

Background: The impact of serial imaging on the outcome of ICU patients has not been studied specifically in patients with high illness severity. Methods: The authors sought a relationship between the numbers of antero-posterior supine chest X-rays (CXR), computed tomography (CT) examinations, and outcome in a cohort of 292 patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS collected over 24 months in a high-volume ECMO center with established ultrasound and echocardiographic diagnostics. Of the patients, 172 (59%) were obese or morbidly obese, and 119 (41%) were treated with ECMO. Results: The median number of CXRs was eight per 14 days of the length of stay in the ICU. The CXR rate was not related to ICU survival (p = 0.37). Patients required CT scanning in 26.5% of cases, with no relationship to the outcome except for the better ICU survival of the ECMO patients without a need for a CT scan (p = 0.01). The odds ratio for survival associated with ordering a CT scan in an ECMO patient was 0.48, p = 0.01. The calculated savings for not routinely requesting a whole-body CT scan in every patient were 98.685 EUR/24 months. Conclusions: Serial imaging does not impact the survival rates of patients with severe ARDS. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients who did not need CT scanning had significantly better ICU outcomes.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Strains of Metal Sheet Parts Processed by Electromagnetic Forming
Authors: Luca Dorin , Luca Dorian D.
Published: October 2023

Electromagnetic forming is applied to form metal sheet parts from both non-ferrous and ferrous materials. In this paper, the electromagnetic forming behavior of aluminum alloy, copper and steel sheets was investigated through experiments. The disk-shaped specimens were electromagnetically free bulged with increasing deformation energies and parts with different deformation depths were obtained. The deformation was done with and without clamping the movement of the specimens’ edges. The specimens were printed with a mesh of diametrical lines and concentric circles with a predetermined pitch. The mesh served to determine the displacements in the mesh nodes after the deformation of the specimens, with which the axial, radial and circumferential strains were then calculated. The experimental data obtained was subjected to statistical correlation and regression analyses, and the mathematical models for the three main strains in each material were established. The strains of AlMn0.5Mg0.5 and Cu-OF parts are maximum in the center and have a similar variation, while the FeP04 parts have the maximum strains in an intermediate zone between the center and the edge.
Safety and Efficacy of Prestige Coils for Embolization of Vascular Abnormalities: The Embo-Prestige Study
Authors: Frandon Julien , Loffroy Romaric , Marcelin Clement , Vernhet-Kovacsik Hélène , Greffier Joel , Dabli Djamel , Sammoud Skander , Marek Pierre , Chevallier Olivier , Beregi Jean-Paul , Rousseau Hervé
Published: October 2023

A wide variety of coils are available for vascular embolization. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new Prestige coil. We carried out retrospective analysis of a multicenter’s registry data collected between February 2022 and November 2022. The choice of embolization agent used to treat peripheral vascular anomalies was left to the investigator’s discretion. Patients for whom at least one Prestige coil was used were included in Series 1. All other patients were included in Series 2. Efficacy and safety were evaluated. Patients were followed up for one month. In total, 220 patients were included, 110 in each series. Patients included 149 men (67.7%) and 71 women (32.3%), with a median age of 62.5 years (IQR: 35.8–73). Patient ages were similar in the two series. Complete occlusion of the targeted vessel was reported in 96.4% (n = 106/110) of patients in Series 1 and in 99.7% (n = 109/110) in Series 2. Four patients experienced non-serious adverse events (1.8%, n = 4/220): one experienced back pain and one vomiting in Series 1; one patient had off-target embolization and one a puncture site hematoma in Series 2. Sixteen patients (7.2%, n = 16/220) were lost to follow up. Improvement in the patient’s general state at one month was reported in 79.0% (n = 83/105) of patients in Series 1 and in 74.7% (n = 74/99) in Series 2. Ten deaths occurred, five in Series 1 (4.8%, n = 5/105) and five in Series 2 (5.1%, n = 5/99). These deaths all concerned critically ill patients embolized for emergent arterial bleeding. In conclusion, the 1-month follow-up showed that Prestige coils, alone or in combination, are efficient and safe.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Development Path of Land-Use Carbon Emissions from a Low-Carbon Perspective: A Case Study of Guizhou Province
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Hu Sai , Jiang Lifu , Han Bing , Li Jie , Wei Xuan
Published: October 2023

Land-use change and regional carbon emissions are closely related. In-depth research on the mechanism of land-use carbon emissions is conducive for clarifying the direction and focus of future low-carbon construction work. Carbon emissions calculation models were used to calculate total carbon emissions in Guizhou Province and reveal their spatiotemporal distribution characteristics. The results were as follows. (1) The land-use structure of Guizhou Province underwent a significant change from 2009 to 2019, in particular with regard to cultivated and construction land. (2) Land-use carbon emissions in Guizhou Province were increasing annually, and this was related to urbanization, population density, and energy consumption. (3) There were spatial differences in the regional distribution of carbon emissions, their intensity, and carbon emissions per capita in Guizhou Province. Additionally, there were spatial clusters of cities with high or low emissions intensity. Therefore, there is scope for constructive proposals concerning sustainable land use and development, such as controlling the total amount and intensity of construction land, optimizing the structure of land use, managing the rational distribution of the population, constantly advancing the optimization of industrial structure, and improving the relevant policies.
Evaluation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Butt-Welded Joints of Spiral Pipes Made of L485ME (X70) Steel
Authors: Tuz Lechosław
Published: October 2023

The expansion of the gas pipeline network makes it necessary, on the one hand, to meet the requirements of standards regarding the materials used, but on the other hand, it is necessary to weld them. In the case of natural gas as a fuel, the welding process is widely used, but in the case of replacing natural gas with a mixture of this gas and hydrogen, the requirements regarding the quality of the process must be significantly increased or the process must be completely changed. This article presents the results of testing welded joints for a newly developed welding technology for the transmission of a hydrogen mixture. Material tests were carried out on a butt-circumferential-welded joint made between two spiral pipes with an outer diameter of 711 mm and wall thickness of 11 mm in the X70 grade. The developed welding technology is distinguished by a change in the beveling method of the edges, which allows the heat input to the material to be limited. The technology was developed for use in natural on-shore and off-shore gas pipelines with the addition of hydrogen. As a result, additional requirements in terms of joint plasticity had to be met during welding. The test results obtained indicate that the joints are characterized by high strength (more than 581 MPa), higher than that of the base material (fracture in the base material) and good impact strength at reduced temperature (more than 129 J). In transverse corrosion, a hardness below 250 HV and a favorable structure of ferrite with different morphologies were obtained.
Flexural Strength Analysis of Different Complete Denture Resin-Based Materials Obtained by Conventional and Digital Manufacturing
Authors: Casucci Alessio , Verniani Giulia , Barbieri Anne Lucrèce , Ricci Nicolò Maria , Ferrari Cagidiaco Edoardo , Ferrari Marco
Published: October 2023

PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) is the material of choice to fabricate denture bases. Recently, with the introduction of CAD-CAM and 3D printers in dentistry, new materials have been proposed for complete denture manufacturing. Aim: This study compared the flexural strength of different resins fabricated using different technologies (conventional, CAD-CAM-milled, and 3D-printed) and polymerization techniques. Methods: A total of 11 different resins were tested: six PMMA conventional (Acrypol R, Acrypol LL, Acrypol HI, Acrypol Fast, Acryself and Acryslef P), two milled obtained from UDMA PMMA disks (Ivotion disk and Aadva disk, control groups), two 3D-printed PMMA resins (NextDent Denture 3D+, and SprintRayEU Denture Base), and one 3D-printed composite resin (GC Temp Print). Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were performed; the p-value was set at 0.05 to consider statistically significant differences among the groups. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between polymerization technique and the flexural strength of 3D-printed resins. Results: CAD-CAM-milled specimens showed the highest flexural strength (107.87 MPa for UDMA) followed by 3D-printed composite resins (102.96 MPa). Furthermore, 3D-printed resins polymerized for 40 min with the BB cure unit showed no statistically significant differences with conventional resin groups. Moreover, in all the 3D-printed specimens, a high correlation between polymerization technique and flexural strength was found. Conclusions: In terms of flexural strength, the polymerization technique is a determinant for both acrylic and composite resins. Temp Print can be a potential alternative to fabricating removable dentures and showed promising results when used in combination with pink color resin powder.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Fracture Propagation in Rock Based on Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Ren Xuhua , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jixun , Yu Shuyang , Maimaitiyusupu Semaierjiang
Published: October 2023

The mechanical properties of fractured rock have always been a focal point in the rock mechanics field. Based on previous research, this paper proposes improvements to the SPH method and applies it to the study of crack propagation in fractured rocks. By conducting uniaxial compression tests and simulating crack propagation on various specimens with different crack shapes, the characteristics of crack propagation were obtained. The comparison between the simulated results in this study and existing experimental and numerical simulation results confirms the validity of the SPH method employed in this paper. The present study utilizes the proposed methodology to analyze the influence of the crack angle, width, and orientation on crack propagation. The SPH method employed in this study effectively demonstrates the expansion process of fractured rock under uniaxial compression, providing valuable insights for the engineering applications of SPH.
Study of the Effect of Carbon Black Filling on the Mechanical Behavior of Rubber Hyper-Elasticity
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Yao Xiulong , Hu Fangru , Ma Chuanxiang , Li Xinyan , Miao Zhanli , Song Junping , Ma Lianxiang , Li Wei
Published: October 2023

We have particularly investigated the correlation law of the effect of different carbon black fillings on the hyper-elastic mechanical behavior of natural rubber by conducting uniaxial tensile tests over a wide range of deformations with different volume fractions of carbon black fillings (0%, 4.7%, 8.9%, 12.8%, 16.4%, 19.7%, 22.7% and 25.2%). The results show that the stress-strain curve for carbon black filled rubber increases with the amount of filling, meaning that the rubber gradually becomes “harder”. We explore the correlation between the carbon black filling volume and the parameters of the Yeoh constitutive model by examining the Yeoh constitutive model to characterize the hyper-elastic mechanical behavior of rubber with different carbon black fillings. A quantitative relationship between the material parameters and the carbon black filling volume in the Yeoh constitutive model is presented. A method for calculating the material parameters of the Yeoh constitutive model is developed, and it predicts the correlation between the hyper-elastic properties of rubber and the volume fraction of the carbon black filling.