bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores que influyen en la percepción de los profesores de los beneficios instruccionales de los medios educativos digitales
Authors: Badia Antoni , Meneses Julio , Fàbregues Sergi , Sigalés Carles
Published: January 2016

Este estudio pretende identificar los factores que influyen en las percepciones de los profesores sobre los beneficios de los medios educativos digitales para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Varios estudios relevantes han indicado que cuando los profesores creen que los medios educativos digitales son valiosos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, son más propensos a incorporarlos en su práctica docente. Se han considerado tres conjuntos de factores como variables independientes: las características de la escuela y del profesor, las características tecnológicas de la escuela, y las características tecnológicas del profesor. Se recogieron datos de 702 profesores de unas 356 escuelas de educación primaria y secundaria en España con un cuestionario. Mediante análisis de correlación múltiple y de regresión jerárquica examinamos la relación entre las variables independientes y las percepciones de los profesores. Los resultados muestran una fuerte relación entre estas percepciones y las características tecnológicas del profesor. Los factores más predictivos son el área de enseñanza, la alfabetización digital, la formación en tecnología educativa y la frecuencia de acceso a Internet, dentro y fuera de la escuela. Por último, sugerimos que la integración de los medios educativos digitales en el aula es un objetivo totalmente interrelacionados con las finalidades instruccionales de los profesores
La evaluación auténtica: el uso de la evaluación para ayudar a los estudiantes a aprende
Authors: Brown Sally
Published: January 2016

La evaluación auténtica ofrece a los estudiantes oportunidades para aprender a través del propio proceso de evaluación , cuando las tareas se eligen por su relevancia tanto para el programa de aprendizaje como para  las orientaciones vitales que ofrecen a los graduados, de cara a  su empleabilidad,  investigación y  desarrollo personal.  Cuando la evaluación está diseñada para articularse claramente con los resultados de aprendizaje previstos, puede producir beneficios en términos de fomentar y profundizar en la participación de los estudiantes al tiempo que ayuda a los estudiantes a avanzar en el desarrollo de sus habilidades y en el conocimiento de la materia.  Si bien la creación y la gestión de las tareas de evaluación auténticas pueden requerir mucho tiempo y recursos, se argumenta aquí que los beneficios en términos de mejora de aprendizaje son muy superiores a  esos factores.  El artículo concluye con un manifiesto proponiendo algunas condiciones previas para la evaluación eficaz y auténtica.
Fabrication of top-contact pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors with short channels using two-step SU8/poly(vinyl alcohol) lift-off photolithography process
Authors: Fan Ching-Lin , Lin Wei-Chun , Lee Cheng-Chieh , Lin Yu-Zuo , Huang Bohr-Ran
Published: January 2016

We propose a two-step SU8/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) lift-off photolithography scheme for fabricating top-contact pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with small channels. The bilayer of PVA and SU8 will not damage the pentacene channel layer in the lift-off photolithography process used in forming the patterned pentacene channel layer and source/drain metal electrodes. We demonstrate a device that not only obtains a 5 µm short channel length for source/drain metal-electrode patterning but also avoids fringe current resulting from pentacene channel layer patterning. The field-effect mobility and threshold voltage of the pentacene-based OTFTs were changed from 0.29 to 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1 and from −5.74 to −3.19 V by varying the channel length from 50 to 5 µm, respectively. The proposed scheme is a good candidate for use in the design and fabrication of high-performance short-channel organic electronics.
Preparation of p-type NiO films by reactive sputtering and their application to CdTe solar cells
Authors: Ishikawa Ryousuke , Furuya Yasuaki , Araki Ryouichi , Nomoto Takahiro , Ogawa Yohei , Hosono Aikyo , Okamoto Tamotsu , Tsuboi Nozomu
Published: January 2016

Transparent p-type NiO films were prepared by reactive sputtering using the facing-target system under Ar-diluted O2 gas at T
sub of 30 and 200 °C. The increasing intensity of dominant X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks indicates improvements in the crystallinity of NiO films upon Cu doping. In spite of the crystallographic and optical changes after Cu-doping, the electrical properties of Cu-doped NiO films were slightly improved. Upon Ag-doping at 30 °C under low O2 concentration, on the other hand, the intensity of the dominant (111) XRD peaks was suppressed and p-type conductivity increased from ∼10−3 to ∼10−1 S cm−1. Finally, our Ag-doped NiO films were applied as the back contact of CdTe solar cells. CdTe solar cells with a glass/ITO/CdS/CdTe/NiO structure exhibited an efficiency of 6.4%, suggesting the high potential of using p-type NiO for the back-contact film in thin-film solar cells.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on contraception for teens
Authors: Costa Gilka Paiva Oliveira , Guerra Adriana Queiroga Sarmento , Araújo Ana Cristina Pinheiro Fernandes de
Published: January 2016

OBJETIVO: Identificar como os adolescentes têm se comunicado sobre contracepção, seus conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamento sexual salientando a iniciação sexual e o uso de métodos contraceptivos (MCs).MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório realizado com 570 estudantes do 7º ao 9º ano de escolaridade, no município de João Pessoa/Paraíba, Brasil, de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram realizados a partir de um questionário e analisados pela frequência, testes de qui-quadrado, t de student e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 570 participantes, a maioria tinha 14 a 16 anos e apresentaram pouco conhecimento e atitudes desfavoráveis ou ambivalentes. CONCLUSÃO: Apenas 65% conversaram sobre contracepção e 21,4% eram iniciados sexualmente. Entre esses, 49,3% nunca usaram métodos contraceptivos (MC). Não houve diferença significativa no uso de MCs entre os que conversaram ou não sobre contracepção (p= 0.201).
Social representations about the disease of women with cervico-uterine cancer
Authors: Silva Silvio Eder Dias da , Araujo Jeferson Santos , Chaves Miriam de Oliveira , Vasconcelos Esleane Vilela , Cunha Natacha Mariana Farias da , Santos Rebeca Conceição dos
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Compreender a representação social de mulheres sobre o câncer de colo de útero e suas implicações para o cuidado de si. Método: Estudo de natureza qualitativa de abordagem descritiva que utilizou como aporte teórico as representações sociais, tendo a entrevista como técnica de coleta de dados das informações. Trabalhamos com 35 mulheres do ambulatório de um hospital público de referência em oncologia. Resultados: Dentro dos discursos observou-se que o conceito de câncer de colo de útero foi muito relacionado com o fator sentimental, imperando o medo e a tristeza. Os depoimentos mostraram também que as mulheres focaram a sexualidade e o tratamento como mudança de vida no decorrer da doença. Conclusão: O câncer de colo de útero gera uma grande mudança de vida nas mulheres que passam pelo problema, não apenas pelo fator físico, mas muito pelo lado subjetivo no enfrentamento da doença.
Information incompleteness of Live Births in São Luís/MA in 2012
Authors: Farias-Nunes Flávia Baluz Bezerra de , Mamede Fabiana Villela , Prudêncio Patrícia Santos , Carvalho Juliana Ferreira de Santana
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos na cidade de São Luís/MA referentes às variáveis relacionadas à mãe, criança e a gestação.Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal e retrospectivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2012, com populacional de 18.065 nascidos vivos, por meio da Declaração de Nascidos Vivos.Realizou-se o cálculo do percentual de incompletitude pelo critério de classificação da escala de Romero e Cunha.Resultados:Completitude identificada de regular a excelente para a maioria das variáveis. As variáveis maternas e infantis que apresentaram excelente completitude foram: idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, sexo da criança, peso e índice de Apgar no 1º e 5º minuto. Os maiores percentuais de incompletitude foram às variáveis: idade gestacional, ocupação da mãe, quantidade de filhos vivos e filhos mortos. Conclusões: A cobertura estimada do Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos apresentou uma completitude regular.
Nursing care to patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Primo Cândida Caniçali , Cesar Flavia Dias , Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Caniçali Renato Alves , Costa Leite Franciele Marabotti
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Elaborar os principais diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem relacionadas às complicações da radioterapia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço.  Método: Estudo descritivo desenvolvido em três etapas: revisão da literatura nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS; identificação das complicações citadas, no mínimo, em 50% dos artigos, as quais foram xerostomia e mucosite e composição dos diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem de acordo com a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem. Resultados: Foram formulados os diagnósticos “Salivação diminuída” e “Inflamação da membrana mucosa oral” e 40 intervenções de enfermagem. Conclusão: Esse estudo contribuiu na organização da assistência de enfermagem através do uso de uma terminologia uniformizada para diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem que embasam a consulta de enfermagem no setor de radioterapia.
Study of the perceptions of women of childbearing age about the effects of alcohol intake during pregnancy as a proposal for systematization of teaching practices by nursing for the prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: De Oliveira Ágnes Matias , Bispo dos Santos Aline Juliana Ribeiro , Coelho Alvarez Fernando Thadeu Linhares , Enokibara Marta Pinheiro , Medeiros Mildred Ferreira
Published: January 2016

Objetivos: Identificar o conhecimento de mulheres sobre os efeitos da ingestão de álcool na gestação; propor ações educativas envolvendo este tema para orientação em saúde da mulher no período pré-concepção e gestacional. Métodos: Estudo exploratório de caráter quantitativo. O cenário foi a Universidade Estácio de Sá (campus Niterói-RJ). Os sujeitos foram 99 mulheres. Utilizamos para a coleta de dados uma entrevista estruturada realizada após aprovação da pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da universidade. Resultados: Análise dos dados coletados permitiu identificar desconhecimento das mulheres sobre o assunto e reduzida participação do profissional de enfermagem na orientação destas mulheres. Conclusão: Concluimos ser necessário aumentar a divulgação destes danos á saúde em campanhas educativas promovidas pelas instituições de saúde e maior participação do profissional de enfermagem na educação deste público-alvo.
Nurses´ actions for chronic renal patients: reflection of comprehensive care focus
Authors: Alves Luana de Oliveira , Alves Luana de Oliveira , Guedes Carolina Cristina Pereira , Aguiar Beatriz Gerbassi Costa
Published: January 2016

OBJETIVOS: Identificar e discutir as ações assistenciais do enfermeiro ao paciente renal crônico em tratamento hemodialítico. MÉTODO: Foi utilizada a revisão integrativa da literatura científica com abordagem qualitativa, cujos propósitos foram reunir e analisar os achados encontrados nas bases de dados que possuem interoperabilidade com a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 10 artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2010, sendo agrupados em três temáticas: Ações de Orientação em Saúde; Empowerment da Família, o cuidado focalizado ao núcleo familiar; e Vigilância Assistencial. CONCLUSÃO: Ampliar o foco de atenção dos serviços de hemodiálise implica em promover um arranjo das práticas de cuidar com sentido a proposta de integralidade, a qual agrega ao conhecimento técnico um olhar sob as dimensões socioculturais das necessidades dos usuários. DESCRITORES: insuficiência renal crônica; papel do enfermeiro; diálise renal; cuidados de enfermagem; assistência integral à saúde.
Perception of users hipertensive fence of assistance program received in primary care
Authors: De Lima Juliana Cristina , Santos Aliny de Lima , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de pessoas com hipertensão acerca da assistência recebida na atenção primária.  Método: estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa, realizado com 42 pessoas com hipertensão cadastradas em cinco equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Maringá-Paraná. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e junho de 2013 durante reuniões dos grupos, utilizando questões norteadoras, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos sob o Parecer 880/2007. Resultados: emergiram as categorias: Atividades do HIPERDIA focadas na entrega de medicamentos: duas faces de uma mesma moeda; As lacunas e dificuldades no HIPERDIA; e A boa relação com profissionais de saúde gera satisfação com o serviço. Conclusão: a forma como o usuário percebe o serviço está relacionada ao recebimento de medicamentos, disponibilidade e flexibilidade nos horários de atendimento, e relação com profissionais de saúde.
Health and work of cassinu community fishermen, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: social (in) visibility and struggle for recognition
Authors: Batista Ribeiro Crystiane Ribas , Sabóia Vera Maria , De Souza Dayane Knupp
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Discutir as condições de saúde e trabalho de pescadores artesanais da colônia de pescadores do Gradim Z-08, na comunidade Cassinú. Método: Pesquisa de campo, de caráter quanti-qualitativo, realizada no período de janeiro a maio de 2013, com pescadores artesanais de uma colônia situada na comunidade Cassinú, RJ. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 35 pescadores com idade prevalente entre 40 e 55 anos, 34,3% estudaram até o Ensino Fundamental 1, 42,9% recebem renda mensal entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos,71,4% utilizam EPI’s de forma parcial, 91,4% sofreram algum ferimento na profissão. Identificou-se pelos depoimentos e observações locais, precárias condições de trabalho e riscos associados à poluição ambiental. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que há riscos de ferimentos e contaminação por microrganismos na água pela utilização parcial de EPI’s, más condições habitacionais e saneamento ineficaz. Condições estas agravadas por falta de proteção trabalhista, pela informalidade do trabalho artesanal, baixa escolaridade e baixa renda obtida com a atividade. Além disso, alertou para que enfermeiros e outros profissionais da saúde se preocupem com as populações “invisíveis”, desenvolvendo ações e investigações que gerem reflexões sobre estratégias que favoreçam melhorias na educação e saúde. Descritores: Condições de Trabalho, Poluição Ambiental, Enfermagem.
Factors which influence the response to the negative pressure therapy (NPT) in wounds of patients of the Neiva University Hospital
Authors: Sierra cuellar Kelly paola , Florez Delgado Monica Danelly , Ramirez Ortiz Lina Yasmin , Acosta Ordoñez Juan Carlos , Ramirez Perdomo Claudia Andrea
Published: January 2016

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar os fatores que influenciam na resposta a terapia de pressão negativa nas feridas. Método: Foi realizado entre março - maio 2013, estudo longitudinal prospectivo no HUHMP de Neiva, com mostra de 9 pacientes, não probabilística por conveniência. Resultados: predomínio do gênero masculino (88.9%) e idade <41anos (77.7%). Expressaram nível de dor pela escala numérica, antes do tratamento, de intensidade entre 5 e 6 (44.45), diminuição de peso (88.9%), duração média da terapia de 4.4 semanas, diminuição do tamanho da ferida (88.9%), isolamento social durante a hospitalização (88.8%), reutilização do canister durante recâmbios (88.9%). Conclusões: a atenção de enfermagem ao paciente com feridas do difícil tratamento com Terapia de Pressão Negativa deve ser holística, que gere um ambiente saudável mediante a resolução de problemas integrando as necessidades biopsicossociais afetadas e diminui o nível de dependência. Descritores: Enfermagem, Ferimentos e lesões, Análise fatorial, Tratamento de ferimentos com pressão negativa, Determinação de necessidades de cuidados de saúde.
Factors associated with non-adherence to treatment of hypertension: an integrative review
Authors: Pereira da Silva Andréa , Silva Dantas Avelino Fernanda Valéria , Almeida Sousa Cláudia Layse , Rodrigues Moura da Costa Valle Andréia , Fortes Figueiredo Maria do Livramento
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre os fatores relacionados à não adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica no período de 2010 a 2014. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF, conduzida pela seguinte questão norteadora: qual a produção de conhecimento sobre os fatores associados a não adesão de pacientes à terapia anti-hipertensiva? Os descritores empregados na busca pelos estudos foram: hipertensão, cooperação do paciente e adesão à medicação. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão foram selecionados 10 estudos para análise e síntese. Resultados: Identificaram-se como principais fatores relacionados a não adesão ao tratamento o baixo nível de escolaridade, o esquecimento dos medicamentos, o baixo nível de conhecimento sobre a doença e regime terapêutico. Conclusão: Inúmeros fatores implicam no fenômeno da não adesão, assim, sugere-se o aprofundamento da temática e o uso de estratégias para aumentar a adesão ao tratamento.
Theses and dissertations in nursing based on the theory of social representations: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Maia Clecio Andre Alves da Silva , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: descrever o panorama da produção científica em enfermagem utilizando a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa bibliométrica, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Após leitura dos resumos e sistematização do material, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: A partir da leitura e análise dos resumos catalogados on-line na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações de 2006 a 2014, encontrou-se o montante de 5165 trabalhos produzidos por enfermeiros no Brasil, entre os anos de 1997 a 2014. Desses 119 correspondem ao objeto de pesquisa “Teoria das Representações Sociais e Enfermagem”, compondo 2,30% da produção nacional dos enfermeiros. Desses 74,78% referem-se a dissertações e 25,22% referem-se as teses. A produção concentra-se 47,05 % na Região Sudeste, 29,41% no Sul, 23,52 % no Nordeste. Conclusão: A representatividade da temática no contexto nacional contribui para o avanço do conhecimento na área da Enfermagem.
First spaceborne observation of sea surface height using GPS‐Reflectometry
Authors: Clarizia Maria Paola , Ruf Christopher , Cipollini Paolo , Zuffada Cinzia
Published: January 2016

An analysis of spaceborne Global Positioning System reflectometry (GPS‐R) data from the TechDemoSat‐1 (TDS‐1) satellite is carried out to image the ocean sea surface height (SSH). An SSH estimation algorithm is applied to GPS‐R delay waveforms over two regions in the South Atlantic and the North Pacific. Estimates made from TDS‐1 overpasses during a 6 month period are aggregated to produce SSH maps of the two regions. The maps generally agree with the global DTU10 mean sea surface height. The GPS‐R instrument is designed to make bistatic measurements of radar cross section for ocean wind observations, and its altimetric performance is not optimized. The differences observed between measured and DTU10 SSH can be attributed to limitations with the GPS‐R instrument and the lack of precision orbit determination by the TDS‐1 platform. These results represent the first observations of SSH by a spaceborne GPS‐R instrument.
Improving back projection imaging with a novel physics‐based aftershock calibration approach: A case study of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake
Authors: Meng Lingsen , Zhang Ailin , Yagi Yuji
Published: January 2016

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal‐Gorkha earthquake with casualties of over 9000 people was the most devastating disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal‐Bihar earthquake. Its rupture process was imaged by teleseismic back projections (BP) of seismograms recorded by three, large regional networks in Australia, North America, and Europe. The source images of all three arrays reveal a unilateral eastward rupture; however, the propagation directions and speeds differ significantly between the arrays. To understand the spatial uncertainties of the BP analyses, we analyze four moderate size aftershocks recorded by all three arrays exactly as had been conducted for the main shock. The apparent source locations inferred from BPs are systematically biased from the catalog locations, as a result of a slowness error caused by three‐dimensional Earth structures. We introduce a physics‐based slowness correction that successfully mitigates the source location discrepancies among the arrays. Our calibrated BPs are found to be mutually consistent and reveal a unilateral rupture propagating eastward at a speed of 2.7 km/s, localized in a relatively narrow and deep swath along the downdip edge of the locked Himalayan thrust zone. We find that the 2015 Gorkha earthquake was a localized rupture that failed to break the entire Himalayan décollement to the surface, which can be regarded as an intermediate event during the interseismic period of larger Himalayan ruptures that break the whole seismogenic zone width. Thus, our physics‐based slowness correction is an important technical improvement of BP, mitigating spatial uncertainties and improving the robustness of single and multiarray studies.
Impact of remotely sensed albedo and vegetation fraction on simulation of urban climate in WRF‐urban canopy model: A case study of the urban heat island in Los Angeles
Authors: Vahmani P. , Ban‐Weiss G. A.
Published: January 2016

Modeling the climate of urban areas is of interest for studying urban heat islands (UHIs). Reliable assessment of the primary causes of UHIs and the efficacy of various heat mitigation strategies requires accurate prediction of urban temperatures and realistic representation of land surface physical characteristics in models. In this study, we expand the capabilities of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by implementing high‐resolution, real‐time satellite observations of green vegetation fraction (GVF) and albedo. Satellite‐based GVF and albedo replace constant values that are assumed for urban pixels in the default version of WRF. Simulations of urban meteorology in Los Angeles using the improved model show marked improvements relative to the default model. The largest improvements are for nocturnal air temperatures, with a reduction in root‐mean‐square deviation between simulations and observations from 3.8 to 1.9°C. Utilizing the improved model, we quantify relationships between surface and 2 m air temperatures versus urban fraction, GVF, albedo, distance from the ocean, and elevation. Distance from the ocean is found to be the main contributor to variations in temperatures around Los Angeles. After conditionally sampling pixels to minimize the influence of distance from the ocean and elevation, we find that variations in GVF and urban fraction are responsible for up to 58 and 27% of the variance in temperatures. The satellite‐supported meteorological modeling framework reported here can be used for studying UHIs in other cities and can serve as a foundation for testing the efficacy of various heat mitigation strategies.
Water vapor‐weighted mean temperature and its impact on the determination of precipitable water vapor and its linear trend
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Kefei , Wu Suqin , Fan Shijie , Cheng Yingyan
Published: January 2016

Water vapor‐weighted mean temperature, Tm, is a vital parameter for retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signal propagation. In this study, the Tm at 368 GNSS stations for 2000–2012 were calculated using three methods: (1) temperature and humidity profiles from ERA‐Interim, (2) the Bevis Tm–Ts relationship, and (3) the Global Pressure and Temperature 2 wet model. Tm derived from the first method was used as a reference to assess the errors of the other two methods. Comparisons show that the relative errors of the Tm derived from these two methods are in the range of 1–3% across more than 95% of all the stations. The PWVs were calculated using the aforementioned three types of Tm and the GNSS‐derived ZWD at 107 stations. Again, the PWVs calculated using Tm from the first method were used as the reference of the other two PWVs. The root‐mean‐square errors of these two PWVs are both in the range of 0.1–0.7 mm. The second method is recommended in real‐time applications, since its performance is slightly better than the third method. In addition, the linear trends of the PWV time series from the first method were also used as the reference to evaluate the trends from the other two methods. Results show that 13% and 23% of the PWV trends from the respective second and third methods have a relative error of larger than 10%. For climate change studies, the first method, if available, is always recommended.
Robust Nanostructured Silver and Copper Fabrics with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Property for Effective Visible Light Induced Reductive Catalysis
Authors: Anderson Samuel R. , Mohammadtaheri Mahsa , Kumar Dipesh , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Field Matthew R. , Ramanathan Rajesh , Bansal Vipul
Published: January 2016

Inspired by high porosity, absorbency, wettability, and hierarchical ordering on the micrometer and nanometer scale of cotton fabrics, a facile strategy is developed to coat visible light active metal nanostructures of copper and silver on cotton fabric substrates. The fabrication of nanostructured Ag and Cu onto interwoven threads of a cotton fabric by electroless deposition creates metal nanostructures that show a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. The micro/nanoscale hierarchical ordering of the cotton fabrics allows access to catalytically active sites to participate in heterogeneous catalysis with high efficiency. The ability of metals to absorb visible light through LSPR further enhances the catalytic reaction rates under photoexcitation conditions. Understanding the modes of electron transfer during visible light illumination in Ag@Cotton and Cu@Cotton through electrochemical measurements provides mechanistic evidence on the influence of light in promoting electron transfer during heterogeneous catalysis for the first time. The outcomes presented in this work will be helpful in designing new multifunctional fabrics with the ability to absorb visible light and thereby enhance light‐activated catalytic processes.
Controlling the Electrical Properties of Undoped and Ta‐Doped TiO2 Polycrystalline Films via Ultra‐Fast‐Annealing Treatments
Authors: Mazzolini Piero , Acartürk Tolga , Chrastina Daniel , Starke Ulrich , Casari Carlo Spartaco , Gregori Giuliano , Bassi Andrea Li
Published: January 2016

A study on the crystallization process of undoped and Ta‐doped TiO2 amorphous thin films is presented. In particular, the effect of ultra‐fast‐annealing treatments in environments characterized by different oxygen concentrations is investigated via in situ resistance measurements. The accurate examination of the key parameters involved in this process allows us to reduce the time needed to obtain highly conducting and transparent polycrystalline thin films (resistivity ≈ 6 × 10−4 Ω cm, mean transmittance in the visible range ≈ 81%) to just 5 min (with respect to the 180 minutes required for a “standard” vacuum annealing treatment) in nitrogen atmosphere (20 ppm oxygen concentration) at ambient pressure. Experimental evidence of superficial oxygen incorporation in the thin films and its detrimental role for the conductivity are obtained by employing different concentrations of traceable 18O isotopes during ultra‐fast annealing treatments. The results are discussed in view of the possible implementation of the ultra‐fast annealing process for TiO2‐based transparent conducting oxides as well as electron selective layers in solar cell devices; taking advantage of the high control of the ultra‐fast crystallization processes which has been achieved, these two functional layers are shown to be obtainable from the crystallization of a single homogeneous thin film.
Amorphous Cobalt Boride (Co2B) as a Highly Efficient Nonprecious Catalyst for Electrochemical Water Splitting: Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Masa Justus , Weide Philipp , Peeters Daniel , Sinev Ilya , Xia Wei , Sun Zhenyu , Somsen Christoph , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2016

It is demonstrated that amorphous cobalt boride (Co2B) prepared by the chemical reduction of CoCl2 using NaBH4 is an exceptionally efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes and is simultaneously active for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalyst achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.61 V on an inert support and at 1.59 V when impregnated with nitrogen‐doped graphene. Stable performance is maintained at 10 mA cm−2 for at least 60 h. The optimized catalyst, Co2B annealed at 500 °C (Co2B‐500) evolves oxygen more efficiently than RuO2 and IrO2, and its performance matches the best cobalt‐based catalysts reported to date. Co2B is irreversibly oxidized at OER conditions to form a CoOOH surface layer. The active form of the catalyst is therefore represented as CoOOH/Co2B. EXAFS observations indicate that boron induces lattice strain in the crystal structure of the metal, which potentially diminishes the thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of the hydroxylation reaction, formation of the OOH* intermediate, a key limiting step in the OER.
Highly Energetic, Low Sensitivity Aromatic Peroxy Acids
Authors: Gamage Nipuni‐Dhanesha H. , Stiasny Benedikt , Stierstorfer Jörg , Martin Philip D. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Winter Charles H.
Published: January 2016

The synthesis, structure, and energetic materials properties of a series of aromatic peroxy acid compounds are described. Benzene‐1,3,5‐tris(carboperoxoic) acid is a highly sensitive primary energetic material, with impact and friction sensitivities similar to those of triacetone triperoxide. By contrast, benzene‐1,4‐bis(carboperoxoic) acid, 4‐nitrobenzoperoxoic acid, and 3,5‐dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid are much less sensitive, with impact and friction sensitivities close to those of the secondary energetic material 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene. Additionally, the calculated detonation velocities of 3,5‐dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid and 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzoperoxoic acid exceed that of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene. The solid‐state structure of 3,5‐dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid contains intermolecular O‐H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds and numerous N⋅⋅⋅O, C⋅⋅⋅O, and O⋅⋅⋅O close contacts. These attractive lattice interactions may account for the less sensitive nature of 3,5‐dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid.
K2Au(IO3)5 and β‐KAu(IO3)4: Polar Materials with Strong SHG Responses Originating from Synergistic Effect of AuO4 and IO3 Units
Authors: Xu Xiang , Hu Chun‐Li , Li Bing‐Xuan , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: January 2016

Two new polar potassium gold iodates, namely, K2Au(IO3)5 (Cmc21) and β‐KAu(IO3)4 (C2), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Both compounds feature zero‐dimensional polar [Au(IO3)4]− units composed of an AuO4 square‐planar unit coordinated by four IO3− ions in a monodentate fashion. In β‐KAu(IO3)4, isolated [Au(IO3)4]− ions are separated by K+ ions, whereas in K2Au(IO3)5, isolated [Au(IO3)4]− ions and non‐coordinated IO3− units are separated by K+ ions. Both compounds are thermally stable up to 400 °C and exhibit high transmittance in the NIR region (λ=800–2500 nm) with measured optical band gaps of 2.65 eV for K2Au(IO3)5 and 2.75 eV for β‐KAu(IO3)4. Powder second‐harmonic generation measurements by using λ=2.05 μm laser radiation indicate that K2Au(IO3)5 and β‐KAu(IO3)4 are both phase‐matchable materials with strong SHG responses of approximately 1.0 and 1.3 times that of KTiOPO4, respectively. Theoretical calculations based on DFT methods confirm that such strong SHG responses originate from a synergistic effect of the AuO4 and IO3 units.
The First Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of 3‐Spiro‐α‐Alkylidene‐γ‐Butyrolactone Oxindoles
Authors: Cerisoli Lucia , Lombardo Marco , Trombini Claudio , Quintavalla Arianna
Published: January 2016

A new and flexible methodology catalyzed by bifunctional chiral thioureas has been developed to react β‐nitro oxindoles 1 with aldehydes. This approach allowed us to achieve the first enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of 3‐spiro‐α‐alkylidene‐γ‐butyrolactone oxindoles 3. We examined the scope of the two starting materials and, varying the structure of the β‐nitro oxindole 1, intriguing new products, derived from unexpected transformations, have been stereoselectively obtained. The aim of this study was to merge two potentially bioactive structural motifs: the spirooxindole substructure and the α‐alkylidene‐γ‐butyrolactone moiety. A preliminary NMR study on the ability to reversibly trap 2‐aminoethanethiol gave us promising results.
Does the Sign of the Cu–Gd Magnetic Interaction Depend on the Number of Atoms in the Bridge?
Authors: Costes Jean‐Pierre , Duhayon Carine , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Shova Sergiu , Vendier Laure
Published: January 2016

Several theoretical investigations with CASSCF methods confirm that the magnetic behavior of Cu–Gd complexes can only be reproduced if the 5d Gd orbitals are included in the active space. These orbitals, expected to be unoccupied, do present a low spin density, which is mainly due to a spin polarization effect. This theory is strengthened by the experimental results reported herein. We demonstrate that Cu–Gd complexes characterized by Cu–Gd interactions through single‐oxygen and three‐atom bridges consisting of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms, present weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions, whereas complexes with bridges made of two atoms, such as the nitrogen–oxygen oximato bridge, are subject to weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. Therefore, a bridge with an odd number of atoms induces a weak ferromagnetic exchange interaction, whereas a bridge with an even number of atoms supports a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, as observed in pure organic compounds and also, as in this case, in metal–organic compounds with an active spin polarization effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Mn‐Doped V2O5 Cathode Material Fabricated from Layered Vanadium Jarosite.
Authors: Zeng Hongmei , Liu Deyu , Zhang Yichi , See Kimberly A. , Jun Young‐Si , Wu Guang , Gerbec Jeffrey A. , Ji Xiulei , Stucky Galen D.
Published: January 2016

Nanostructured uniformly Mn‐doped V2O5 Li on battery cathode material is prepared via layered VIII jarosite as precursor, which is obtained by microwave‐assisted solvothermal reaction of VOSO4, Mn(OAc)2, and glucose in a H2O/1‐hexanol emulsion containing cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (sealed vial, 195 °C, 1 h) followed by vacuum annealing (900 °C, 1 h) and firing in air (400 °C, 1 h) to convert V2O3 into V2O5.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O Nanoplate as a Precursor to Fabricate High Performance LiMnPO4/C Composite for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wu Kaipeng , Hu Guorong , Peng Zhongdong , Zhang Zhijian , Cao Yanbing , Du Ke
Published: January 2016

Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O is synthesized by a new precipitation method.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Porous Ag2S/ZnS Composite Nanospheres: Fabrication and Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activities.
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Liu Xiaojing , Zhang Ling , Li Deliang , Liu Shanhu
Published: January 2016

Monodisperse porous ZnS nanospheres are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of Zn(OAc)2, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and thioacetamide (autoclave, 180 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Investigation of a New Coordination Compound: Ammonium Octafluoridoindate‐Zirconate Heptahydrate NH4InZrF8·7H2O.
Authors: Gayvoronskaya Kseniya A. , Didenko Nina A. , Slobodyuk Arseny B. , Gerasimenko Andrey V. , Kavun Valeriy Ya.
Published: January 2016

The title compound is obtained from an aqueous mixture of ZrO(NO3)2, HF, In(NO3)3, and NH4F (10—12 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Tsuji—Trost‐Type Allylation of Carboxylic Acids: Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly π‐Allyl Donative Lactones.
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Seki Tomoaki , Tanaka Shinji , Kitamura Masato
Published: January 2016

The stereochemical outcome depends on the configuration of the double bond of the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis Through Rh‐Catalyzed Selective Transformations of a Novel Multirole Directing Group.
Authors: Su Bo , Wei Jiang‐bo , Wu Wen‐lian , Shi Zhang‐jie
Published: January 2016

The Rh‐catalyzed reaction of N‐phthalimidyl benzamides (I) with diaryl alkynes (II) in the presence of Cu(O‐Ac)2 and O2 leads to N‐phthalimidyl 3,4‐diarylisoquinolinones (III), whilst the reaction in the presence of cesium acetate under nitrogen gives rise to N‐unsubstituted 3,4‐diphenylisoquinolinones (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidative Cleavage of Terminal Olefins into Aldehydes Catalyzed by Copper(II) Complex.
Authors: Mi Chun , Meng Xiang‐Guang , Liao Xiao‐Hong , Peng Xiao
Published: January 2016

Terminal olefins are selectively converted into aldehydes with hydrogen peroxide using a copper complex as an highly active catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenyliodonium‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Arynes: Synthesis of ortho‐Fluoroiodoarenes.
Authors: Zeng Yuwen , Li Guangyu , Hu Jinbo
Published: January 2016

With CsF as the fluorine source in combination with BuI as an electrophile, a series of the desired title compounds is available under conditions A)—C), i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexamethonium Bis(tribromide) (HMBTB) a Recyclable and High Bromine Containing Reagent.
Authors: Paul Bappi , Bhuyan Bishal , Purkayastha Debraj D. , Dhar Siddhartha S. , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: January 2016

HMBTB is used as a crystalline and stable reagent for the bromination of electron rich arenes as well as imidazole, olefins, alkynes, and carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Bifunctional One‐Component Phosphorus‐Based Organocatalysts.
Authors: Buettner Hendrik , Steinbauer Johannes , Werner Thomas
Published: January 2016

The cyclic carbonates are generally obtained in high yields as pure products after simple filtration over silica gel.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cation‐Directed Enantioselective Sulfur‐Mediated Michael/Mannich Three‐Component Domino Reaction Involving Chalcones as Michael Acceptors.
Authors: Ding Ran , Zheng Bo , Wang Yan , Peng Yungui
Published: January 2016

The title reaction of chalcones with N‐tosyl phenylmethanimines and 4‐tert‐butylbenzenethiol delivers the products with three contiguous stereogenic centers in moderate to high yields and with high dia‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitro‐Assisted Broensted Acid Catalysis: Application to a Challenging Catalytic Azidation.
Authors: Dryzhakov Marian , Hellal Malik , Wolf Elena , Falk Florian C. , Moran Joseph
Published: January 2016

An unprecedented co‐catalytic effect of the solvent nitro group and the B(C6F5)3 Broensted acid is discovered to allow the first direct azidation of O‐unprotected aliphatic alcohols in a catalytic manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of Cyclic Thioimidates in Reaction with Active Methylene Compounds.
Authors: Shvydenko Kostiantyn , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shvydenko Tetiana , Vlasenko Yurii , Tolmachev Andrei , Kostyuk Aleksandr
Published: January 2016

In the presence of acetic acid anhydride (III), cyclic thioimidates with five‐membered ring [e.g. (II)] react with compounds containing activated methylene group [e.g. (I)] to give aminopropanes [e.g. (IV)] as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐Wittig Rearrangements of N‐Benzyl and N‐Allyl Glycine Methyl Esters. Discovery of a Surprising Cascade Aza‐Wittig Rearrangement/Hydroboration Reaction.
Authors: Everett Renata K. , Wolfe John P.
Published: January 2016

A new aza‐[1,2]‐Wittig rearrangement of N‐aryl‐N‐benzyl glycine methyl esters involving a rare benzyl group migration is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Alkyl and (Hetero)aryl Sulfonamides from Sulfamoyl Inner Salts.
Authors: Young Joseph M. , Lee Aisha G. , Chandrasekaran Ramalakshmi Y. , Tucker Joseph W.
Published: January 2016

Zwitterionic inner salts of type (I) readily react with organometallic reagents under mild conditions to give N‐sulfonyl‐substituted urethanes in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Hiyama Cross‐Coupling with Arylhydrazines under Air.
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Chunjie , Li Zhiwei , Wang Ziyun
Published: January 2016

A novel approach to obtain diaryl derivatives with high selectivity and reactivity from arylhydrazines and aryl silanes via Pd‐catalyzed denitrogenative cross‐coupling with selective C—N bond cleavage of arylhydrazines in the presence of camphorsulfonic acid under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Spiro[thiopyranoindole‐benzoisothiazole] Scaffold via a Formal [3 + 3] Spiroannulation.
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhang Jun‐Qi , Yin Shao‐Jie , Li Hai‐Yan , Zhou Wei‐Qun , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: January 2016

The scalable reaction delivers the products in very high yield, with excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ir(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of NH Isoquinolones with Benzoquinone.
Authors: Zhou Tao , Li Liubo , Li Bin , Song Haibin , Wang Baiquan
Published: January 2016

Conditions for the title reaction of variously substituted NH isoquinolines with benzoquinone, 2,3‐dimethylbenzoquinone or 1,4‐naphthoquinone are elaborated which provide spiro compounds in most often quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Fluoro‐exo,exo‐2,6‐diaryl‐3,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐1‐Fluoromembrine.
Authors: Punirun Teerachai , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: January 2016

The protocol is applied to preparation of fluoromembrine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Cascade Iododifluoromethylation/Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Ethyl Difluoroiodoacetate.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Qi , He Yu‐Tao , Zhang Lu‐Lu , Wu Xin‐Xing , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: January 2016

The title reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions to give pyrrolidine derivatives with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Dioxolane‐4‐ones and Highly Diastereoselective cis‐2,5‐Disubstituted 1,3‐Dioxolane‐4‐ones from α‐Hydroxy Acids Catalyzed by N‐Triflylphosphoramide.
Authors: Kuecuek Hatice Baspinar
Published: January 2016

This method for the protection of α‐hydroxyacids with aldehydes does not require azeotropic distillation or the use of a dehydrating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of New Biological Active 5‐Imino‐4‐thioxo‐2‐imidazolidinones Involving Acetonitrile Electrogenerated Base.
Authors: Sbei Najwa , Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso , Haouas Beya , Fuentes Luis , Benkhoud Mohamed Lamine
Published: January 2016

Acetonitrile is electrolyzed to form cyanomethyl anion, which not only deprotonizes benzyl amines [e.g. (I)] to give a nitride intermediate, but also forms an organomagnesium compound with the magnesium anode.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation on the Reactivity of α‐Azidochalcones with Carboxylic Acids: Formation of α‐Amido‐1,3‐diketones and Highly Substituted 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)oxazoles.
Authors: Rajaguru Kandasamy , Mariappan Arumugam , Suresh Rajendran , Manivannan Periasamy , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: January 2016

Under microwave irradiation, the reaction of azidochalcones [e.g.(I)] and carboxylic acids [e.g.(II)] including trifluoroacetic acid (IIa) gives 1,3‐diketones [e.g. (III)] via 2H‐azirine intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Tetrabromide Mediated Oxidative Cyclocondensation of Ketones and Thioureas: An Easy Access to 2‐Aminothiazoles.
Authors: Keshari Twinkle , Kapoorr Ritu , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: January 2016

The title reaction involves the generation of a sulfenyl bromide as an Umpolung intermediate of nucleophilic sulfur thus allowing the formation of the C—S bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with Phthalazinium Dicyanomethanides.
Authors: Liu Honglei , Yuan Chunhao , Wu Yang , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao
Published: January 2016

Diethyl and dimethyl cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate react in a scalable manner with phthalazinium dicyanomethanides endowed with various functional groups to form 3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]phthalazine derivatives in high yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of 4‐Anilinoquinazoline‐ and 3‐Aryl‐4‐imino‐3,4‐dihydro‐quinazoline‐2‐carbonitriles into Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline‐6‐carbonitriles via Oxidative and Nonoxidative C—N Couplings.
Authors: Mirallai Styliana I. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: January 2016

The required pharmaceutically important ring system can be prepared via 3 routes as is demonstrated for derivative (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economical Construction of Tetracyclic [1,4]Oxazepines Involving Intramolecular Arylation of a 2‐Imidazoline Moiety.
Authors: Karamysheva Kseniya , Reutskaya Elena , Sapegin Alexander , Dorogov Mikhail , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: January 2016

Bis‐electrophilic aromatic substrates react with imidazolines (II) or (X) via sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution and a Smiles rearrangement to give a wide range of tetracyclic oxazepines.
ChemInform Abstract: Harnessing C—H Borylation/Deborylation for Selective Deuteration, Synthesis of Boronate Esters, and Late Stage Functionalization.
Authors: Kallepalli Venkata A , Gore Kristin A. , Shi Feng , Sanchez Luis , Chotana Ghayoor A. , Miller Susanne L. , Maleczka Robert E. Jr. , Smith Milton R. III
Published: January 2016

A convenient synthesis of mono‐borylated heterocycles can be achieved by C—H diborylation followed by regioselective mono‐deborylation with methanol in the presence of [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: O,N,B‐Containing Eight‐Membered Heterocycles by Ring Expansion of Boroles with Nitrones.
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Krummenacher Ivo , Mailaender Lisa , Rauch Florian
Published: January 2016

The title compounds adopt a boat conformation in the solid state according to x‐ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Hydride Catalyzed Silylvinylation of Internal Alkynes Using Ethylene as an Additive.
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Kaminsky Lauren , Ahmed Ijaz , Clark Daniel A.
Published: January 2016

A regiospecific formation of 5‐membered oxasilacycles and a 6‐membered analogues bearing highly functionalized allylidene side chains becomes possible in the presence of RUC.
ChemInform Abstract: Ningpoensines A—C: Unusual Zwitterionic Alkaloids from Scrophularia ningpoensis.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ip Fanny C.F. , Tong Estella P.S. , Chan Kim Wan , Li Liang‐Chun , Ng Yu Pong , Ip Nancy Y.
Published: January 2016

Three novel zwitterionic alkaloids, ningpoensine A and a pair of epimers, ningpoensines B/C with unprecedented molecular skeletons are isolated from the root of Scrophularia ningpoensis.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Conolutinine.
Authors: Feng Xiangyang , Jiang Guangde , Xia Zilei , Hu Jiadong , Wan Xiaolong , Gao Jin‐Ming , Lai Yisheng , Xie Weiqing
Published: January 2016

The first enantioselective synthesis of (‐)‐conolutinine is achieved in ten steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Semi‐Synthesis of Fradcarbazole A and Its Analogues.
Authors: Wang Liping , Mei Xiangui , Wang Cong , Zhu Weiming
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of fradcarbazole A (I) and its phenyl and oxazole analogues involves a biomimetic intramolecular cyclization/dehydration.