bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making claims on echoes: Dranem, Cole Porter and the biguine between the Antilles, France and the US
Authors: Hill Edwin
Published: August 2014

This paper considers the ways in which the biguine (or ‘beguine’) circulated as a French West Indian musical genre and as a signifier for colonial and island exoticism in non-biguine musical genres during the early to mid-20th century. I begin by suggesting the ways in which the colonial and transnational conditions of its performance have left a history of ideological tensions within popular and academic discussions about the biguine. I then suggest some of the specific ways in which the biguine's circulation functioned in the context of the interwar years and resonated with the discourse and dynamics of ‘Jazz Age Paris’, negrophilia andle tumulte noir. Finally, I offer a close reading of the ways in which French comedian-singer Dranem's ‘La Biguine’ and Cole Porter's ‘Begin the Beguine’ playfully represent the genre in Frenchchanson colonialeand popular song. Rather than viewing the biguine's conditions of performance, or the re-appropriation of the biguine in name only, as the equivalent of the complete musical colonisation and erasure of the genre, I propose that we extend biguine discussion beyond its empirical musicological elements, and lay claim on the echoes of biguine discourse as they resonate through other genres.
Spatial patterns of summer demersal fish assemblages around the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands
Authors: Llompart Facundo , Delpiani Matías , Lattuca Eugenia , Delpiani Gabriela , Cruz-Jiménez Adriana , Orlando Paula , Ceballos Santiago , Díaz De Astarloa Juan Martín , Vanella Fabián , Fernández Daniel
Published: August 2014

During the research programme conducted on the OVPuerto Deseadoin the summers of 2011 and 2013, 36 stations were sampled using a demersal net at depths between 53–590 m in the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands. A total 3378 fish specimens belonging to 36 species were recorded. Notothenidae was the best-represented family in species number, withLepidonotothen nudifrons,L. larseniandTrematomus scottibeing the most numerous species. Of the fish assemblages, 20% of the species were considered as dominant, 10% as common, 13% as occasional and 57% as rare. Six groups (and two sub-groups) were obtained by the ordination diagram based on geographical location: group 1=Gerlache Strait, group 2=Deception Islands, group 3=Biscoe Island, group 4=between Elephant and King George islands, group 5=northern Antarctic Peninsula, and group 6=South Shetland Islands, with sub-groups 6a shallower South Shetland Islands and 6b deeper South Shetland Islands. Sampling depth and water temperature significantly explained the spatial pattern. A latitudinal pattern of decreasing abundance from north-east to south-west was found inL.larseniand the opposite inT.scotti. The predictability of fish composition in the assemblages’ areas could be a useful tool for ecosystem-based management.
Opening up the suburbs: workmen's trains in London 1860–1914
Authors: ABERNETHY SIMON T.
Published: August 2014

This article examines the role played by workmen's trains in allowing working-class families to move out into London's suburbs between 1860 and 1914. While previous scholarship has argued that these trains effectively only benefited skilled artisans or a working-class elite, it is argued here that from the 1880s onwards they were increasingly used by unskilled workers in irregular employment. Furthermore, they were also used by women and children earning low wages in subsidiary employment. Ultimately, it is demonstrated that a much broader spectrum of the working class were living in the suburbs and commuting than has been previously supposed.
Foetal therapy, what works? An overview
Authors: Mellander Mats , Gardiner Helena
Published: August 2014

The update course in foetal cardiology held by the Fetal Working Group of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology in Istanbul in May 2012 included a session on foetal cardiac therapy. In the introductory overview to this symposium, we critically examine the level of evidence supporting or refuting proposed foetal cardiac therapies including transplacental treatment of foetal tachyarrhythmias, steroid treatment in foetal atrioventricular block, and foetal aortic valvuloplasty. In summary, the evidence for the efficiency and safety of currently available foetal cardiac therapies is low, with no therapy based on a randomised controlled trial. Transplacental treatment of foetal tachycardia is generally accepted as effective and safe, based on extensive and widespread clinical experience; however, there is no consensus on which drugs are the most effective in different electrophysiological situations. Randomised studies may be able to resolve this, but this is complicated because tachyarrhythmias are relatively rare conditions, the foetus is not accessible for direct treatment, and it is the healthy mother who accepts treatment she does not need on behalf of her foetus. The indications for steroid treatment in foetal atrioventricular block and for foetal valvuloplasty are even more controversial. Although randomised trials would be desirable, the practical issues of recruiting sufficient sample sizes and controlling for variation in practice across multiple sites is not to be underestimated. Multicentre registries, analysed free of bias, may be an alternative way to improve the evidence base of foetal cardiac therapy.
Proteinuria and clinical outcome in CHD patients
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Rodríguez-González Fayna
Published: August 2014

Introduction:CHD patients, especially those with associated hypoxaemia, usually have some level of renal function impairment, even though they are relatively young. The aim of the study was to evaluate those clinical and analytical factors that may contribute to microalbuminuria and determine the association of 24-hour proteinuria with thrombotic events and mortality.Methods:A total of 251 CHD patients were studied and demographic characteristics, blood test, and 24-hour urinalysis were analysed.Results:Of the patients, 221 were non-hypoxaemic, and 30 were hypoxaemic (oxygen saturation of 84.3±5.9%). Of the non-hypoxaemic patients, 30 (13.6%), and of the hypoxaemic patients 9 (30%), showed proteinuria (>0.15 g/24 hours) (p=0.028). Hypoxaemic CHD patients also showed higher haematocrit (%) (50.7 (34.6; 72.1) versus 42.8 (34.6; 48.9), p<0.001), serum creatinine (mg/dl) (1.07±0.2 versus 0.96±1.9, p=0.004), microalbuminuria (mg/dl/24 hours) (1.2 (0.0; 261.5) versus 0.5 (0.0; 4.37), p<0.001), proteinuria (gr/24 hours) (1.0 (0.4; 3.1) versus 0.08 (0.04; 0.52), p=0.043), and N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) (417.8 (35.7; 8534.0) versus 44.9 (0.0; 670.5), p<0.001) concentrations than non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. During a median follow-up of 26.0 (16.9; 57.7) months, five patients died – one patient had 24-hour proteinuria and four patients did not (p=0.581) – and three patients had some type of thrombosis – two patients had 24-hour proteinuria and one patient did not (p=0.014). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between CHD patients with and without 24-hour proteinuria (p=0.631).Conclusion:CHD patients with proteinuria have significantly more thrombosis and more hypoxaemia than those patients without proteinuria.
The nutrient density approach to healthy eating: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nicklas Theresa A , Drewnowski Adam , O’Neil Carol E
Published: August 2014

The term ‘nutrient density’ for foods/beverages has been used loosely to promote the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans defined ‘all vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, beans and peas (legumes), and nuts and seeds that are prepared without added solid fats, added sugars, and sodium’ as nutrient dense. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans further states that nutrient-dense foods and beverages provide vitamins, minerals and other substances that may have positive health effects with relatively few (kilo)calories or kilojoules. Finally, the definition states nutrients and other beneficial substances have not been ‘diluted’ by the addition of energy from added solid fats, added sugars or by the solid fats naturally present in the food. However, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee and other scientists have failed to clearly define ‘nutrient density’ or to provide criteria or indices that specify cut-offs for foods that are nutrient dense. Today, ‘nutrient density’ is a ubiquitous term used in the scientific literature, policy documents, marketing strategies and consumer messaging. However, the term remains ambiguous without a definitive or universal definition. Classifying or ranking foods according to their nutritional content is known as nutrient profiling. The goal of the present commentary is to address the research gaps that still exist before there can be a consensus on how best to define nutrient density, highlight the situation in the USA and relate this to wider, international efforts in nutrient profiling.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J , LaValley Michael P , Noel Sabrina E , Moore Lynn L , Ness Andy R , Newby PK
Published: August 2014

Objective

To determine the prospective relationship between changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and central adiposity in older children.

Design

Dietary intakes of children were obtained by 3 d food records at ages 10 and 13 years. Waist circumference (WC) and weight and height to determine BMI were measured at 10 and 13 years and total body fat mass (TBFM) at 13 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses were conducted using multivariable linear regression. Reporting errors were measured and participants were categorized as under-, plausible and over-reporters of dietary intakes.

Setting

Community-based British cohort of children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Results

Among 2455 older children, increased SSB consumption from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with higher WC (standardized β=0·020, P=0·19), BMI (β=0·028, P=0·03) and TBFM (β=0·017, P=0·20) at 13 years. Effects were strengthened among plausible dietary reporters (n 1059): WC (β=0·097, P<0·001), BMI (β=0·074, P<0·001) and TBFM (β=0·065, P=0·003). The association between change in SSB and WC was weakened, but remained statistically significant after accounting for BMI (β=0·042, P=0·02) and TBFM (β=0·048, P=0·01).

Conclusions

Higher consumption of SSB from ages 10 to 13 years was associated with a larger WC at age 13 years independent of differences in total adiposity. Accounting for dietary reporting errors strengthened associations. Our findings further support recommendations to limit intakes of SSB to reduce excess weight gain in children and suggest that SSB have an additional deleterious effect on central adiposity.
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ developed for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Song Sujin , Lee Jung Eun , Oh Kyungwon , Shim Jeeseon , Kweon Sanghui , Paik Hee Young , Joung Hyojee
Published: August 2014

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the newly developed FFQ for the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and to estimate the measure’s calibration factors.

Design

The 109-item FFQ was administered twice, approximately 9 months apart. We also collected four seasonal 3 d dietary records (DR) as a reference method. Correlation coefficients and joint classification were computed to compare intakes of energy, thirteen nutrients and eleven food groups between the two FFQ to evaluate reproducibility. For validity, de-attenuated and energy-adjusted correlation, joint classification and Bland–Altman statistics were calculated for energy and nutrients between the first FFQ and the DR. To calibrate the FFQ, we performed a linear regression analysis in which the DR were the dependent variables and FFQ, age and sex were the independent variables.

Setting

Seoul metropolitan area, Republic of Korea.

Subjects

A total of 126 adults aged 20–65 years.

Results

The average correlation coefficients measuring reproducibility were 0·54 for nutrients and 0·57 for food groups. The mean correlation coefficient measuring validity was 0·40 for all nutrients between the first FFQ and the DR. On average, 75 % of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quartiles, while 5 % of the participants were grossly misclassified. The mean energy and nutrient intakes estimated by the calibrated FFQ were similar to the means estimated by the DR.

Conclusions

The newly developed FFQ for assessing dietary intake in the KNHANES has acceptable reproducibility and modest validity compared with a 12 d DR collected over a 9-month period.
Is Your House a Brothel? Prostitution Policy, Provision of Sex Services from Home, and the Maintenance of Respectable Domesticity
Authors: Prior Jason , Crofts Penny
Published: August 2014

Policy debates on commercial sex services provide increasingly complex insights into work on the street and in large commercial sex premises, yet remain largely silent on the contribution of the domestic realm to commercial sex, despite estimates that it accounts for a significant proportion of all commercial sex transactions. Policies that affect home-based sex work are ambiguous and at times contradictory, veering from the promotion of working from home to anxieties about the assumed offensiveness of sex work. These policies have been often developed without direct consideration of home-based sex work and in the absence of evidence. Remedying this silence, this article analyses policy development for, and the experiences of, home-based sex workers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The article concludes that working from home provides sex workers with opportunities for autonomy and wellbeing that are not available in other sex service environments, with minimal amenity impacts to the community.
An improved quadratic poly-harmonic distortion behavioral model
Authors: Cai Jialin , King Justin B. , Brazil Tom J.
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the basic quadratic form of the poly-harmonic distortion model is first presented and this is then extended to provide a new, modified quadratic poly-harmonic distortion model. Comparisons between the X-parameter model, the basic quadratic poly-harmonic distortion model, and the modified version are provided. Both simulation and experimental test results show that the new modified model provides significant improvements in accuracy, not only for the fundamental frequency, but also for DC. Work on the optimization of the model is also presented, providing further improvements in both the model extraction time and the file size.
CPW triple-fed ultra-wideband antenna with variable band-notch function
Authors: Naser-Moghadasi M. , Asadpor L.
Published: August 2014

A small and compact ultra-wideband (UWB) aperture antenna with extended band-notched design is proposed. The antenna is composed of a rectangular aperture on ground plane of a printed circuit board and a fork-like exciting stub. The presented co-planar wave guide triple-fed antenna is easy to be applied with RF and microwave circuitry for low manufacturing cost. The antenna is successfully designed, implemented, and measured. A compact aperture area of 12.5 × 23 mm2 is acquired with promising performances, including broadband matched impedance and stable radiation patterns. The correlation between the mode-based field distributions and radiation patterns is discussed. Extended from the proposed antenna, one advanced band-notched (5–6 GHz) designs are also presented as a desirable feature for UWB applications.
Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761® in Children with ADHD
Authors: Uebel-von Sandersleben Henrik , Rothenberger Aribert , Albrecht Björn , Rothenberger L. Geza , Klement Stephan , Bock Nathalie
Published: August 2014

Objectives: The side effects, nonresponse, and prejudices against conventional pharmacological treatments call for complementary or alternative medical treatments (CAM) for ADHD. One possible treatment, at least for cognitive problems, might be the administration of Ginkgo biloba, though evidence is currently rare. This study tests the clinical efficacy of a Ginkgo biloba special extract (EGb 761®) and its correlation with brain electrical activity in children with ADHD combined type according to DSM-IV. Method: In this open clinical pilot study, EGb 761® was administered to 20 children with ADHD over 3 to 5 weeks. Dosage was increased to a maximum of 240 mg daily if attention problems persisted. Possible drug side effects were assessed using the Side Effect Rating Scale. Efficacy was assessed in a multilevel approach including clinical assessment, quality of life (QoL), as well as performance and preparatory brain-electrical activity evoked during a Continuous Performance Test (Cue-CNV in the CPT). Results: A very low rate of mild adverse effects occurred during the observation period. Following EGb 761® administration, possible improvements in QoL, ADHD core symptoms as well as CPT performance were detected. Improved core symptoms were positively related to elevated CNV amplitude. Conclusion: This preliminary evidence suggests that EGb 761® at a maximal dosage of 240 mg daily might be a clinically useful alternative treatment for children with ADHD, but further evidence is required before firm conclusions can be made.
Factors Related to Childhood Suicides
Authors: Soole Rebecca , Kõlves Kairi , De Leo Diego
Published: August 2014

Background: Suicide among children under the age of 15 years is a leading cause of death. Aims: The aim of the current study is to identify demographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric factors associated with child suicides. Method: Using external causes of deaths recorded in the Queensland Child Death Register, a case-control study design was applied. Cases were suicides of children (10–14 years) and adolescents (15–17 years); controls were other external causes of death in the same age band. Results: Between 2004 and 2012, 149 suicides were recorded: 34 of children aged 10–14 years and 115 of adolescents aged 15–17 years. The gender asymmetry was less evident in child suicides and suicides were significantly more prevalent in indigenous children. Children residing in remote areas were significantly more likely to die by suicide than other external causes compared with children in metropolitan areas. Types of precipitating events differed between children and adolescents, with children more likely to experience family problems. Disorders usually diagnosed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence (e.g., ADHD) were significantly more common among children compared with adolescents who died by suicide. Conclusion: Psychosocial and environmental aspects of children, in addition to mental health and behavioral difficulties, are important in the understanding of suicide in this age group and in the development of targeted suicide prevention.
Reactive intermediate detection in real time via paper assisted thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pei Jiying , Kang Yanbiao , Huang Guangming
Published: August 2014

Interception of short-life reactive intermediates could be achieved using paper assisted thermal ionization mass spectrometry in real time.
Cell-derived matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications
Authors: Fitzpatrick Lindsay E. , McDevitt Todd C.
Published: August 2014

This review discusses the development and application of cell-derived matrices (CDM) in cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Effect of additives on the large-size growth of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium naphthalene-2-sulfonate (DSNS) single crystal: an efficient stilbazolium derivative NLO crystal with potential terahertz wave properties.
Authors: Senthil K. , Kalainathan S. , Ruban Kumar A.
Published: August 2014

We explored the growth of the highly nonlinear optical stilbazolium salt 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium naphthalene-2-sulfonate (DSNS) by a slow evaporation method.
Chemistry-dependent X-ray-induced surface charging
Authors: Salgın Bekir , Pontoni Diego , Vogel Dirk , Schröder Heiko , Keil Patrick , Stratmann Martin , Reichert Harald , Rohwerder Michael
Published: August 2014

In situ work function measurements during irradiation of solid substrates reveal chemistry-specific surface charging which cannot be detected ex situ.
The dynamic action mechanism of small cationic antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Lopez Cascales J. J. , Garro A. , Porasso R. D. , Enriz R. D.
Published: August 2014

Inhomogeneities in the pathogen membrane induced by the presence of small cationic peptides are key to explaining their molecular action.
On the trends of Fukui potential and hardness potential derivatives in isolated atoms vs. atoms in molecules
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rituparna , Roy Ram Kinkar
Published: August 2014

Fukui potential and hardness potential derivatives, evaluated at the atomic nuclei, are good indicators of electronic relaxation effects.
Organic metal engineering for enhanced field-effect transistor performance
Authors: Pfattner Raphael , Rovira Concepció , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: August 2014

The use of charge transfer salts in OFETs offers unique possibilities for enhancing the device performance.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a series of incommensurately modulated composite oxohalide compounds
Authors: Zimmermann Iwan , Corgnet Alexis , Johnsson Mats , Lidin Sven
Published: August 2014

The new isostructural oxohalides [Sb4O7+3δX4][Zn3]1+δ (X = Cl, Br, I), δ ≈ 0.2 have a composite structure, in which the Zn atoms are best described in a second-unit cell. The composite nature of the structure leads to a charge imbalance that is compensated by oxygen vacancies.
Selective synthesis of cis- and trans-[(NHCMe)2PtCl2] and [NHCMePt(cod)Cl][NHCMePtCl3] using NHCMeSiCl4
Authors: Lewis-Alleyne Lesley C. , Bassil Bassem S. , Böttcher Tobias , Röschenthaler Gerd-Volker
Published: August 2014

NHCMeSiCl4 was used to selectively synthesise cis and trans-[(NHCMe)2PtCl2], as well as [NHCMePt(cod)Cl][NHCMePtCl3], which revealed the first ever N-heterocyclic carbene analogue of the Cossa's salt anion.
TBPB-promoted metal-free synthesis of thiophosphinate/phosphonothioate by direct P–S bond coupling
Authors: Wang Jichao , Huang Xin , Ni Zhangqin , Wang Sichang , Wu Jun , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: August 2014

An efficient, metal-free method for synthesizing thiophosphinate or phosphonothioate by direct P–S bond coupling at room temperature is reported.
The carbon material functionalized with NH2+ and SO3H groups catalyzed esterification with high activity and selectivity
Authors: Zhan Shaoqi , Tao Xiaochun , Cai Liangzhen , Liu Xiaohui , Liu Taoping
Published: August 2014

A novel carbon material was prepared conveniently, which can catalyze the esterification reaction with high reactivity and selectivity.
Time capsule: an autonomous sensor and recorder based on diffusion–reaction
Authors: Gerber Lukas C. , Rosenfeld Liat , Chen Yunhan , Tang Sindy K. Y.
Published: August 2014

This work presents a device that uses chemical diffusion–reaction to record temporally varying chemical information as spatial patterns.
Fe3O4@SiO2–imid–PMAnmagnetic porous nanospheres as recyclable catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl- or alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes and 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives under various conditions
Authors: Esmaeilpour Mohsen , Javidi Jaber , Dehghani Farzaneh , Nowroozi Dodeji Fatemeh
Published: August 2014

Synthesis of 14-aryl- or alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes and 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives by Fe3O4@SiO2–imid–PMA nanocatalysts.
The reactivity of o-amidophenolate indium(iii) complexes towards different oxidants
Authors: Piskunov Alexandr V. , Meshcheryakova Irina N. , Ershova Irina V. , Bogomyakov Artyem S. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K.
Published: August 2014

The reactivity of o-amidophenolate indium(iii) complexes towards different oxidants was investigated. The mono- and biradical o-iminobenzosemiquinonato indium(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized as a result.
Ag/Cu co-doped ZnS–In2S3solid solutions: facile synthesis, theoretical calculations and enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sun Jingxue , Chen Gang , Feng Yujie , Wang Yu
Published: August 2014

ZnS–In2S3nanospheres were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method without using any organic solvents or templates.
Ultrasound irradiation for the green synthesis of chromenes usingl-arginine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a recyclable organocatalyst
Authors: Azizi Kobra , Karimi Meghdad , Shaterian Hamid Reza , Heydari Akbar
Published: August 2014

A convenient synthesis of chromenesviacyclocondensation of α- or β-naphthol, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes is developed in the presence ofl-arginine-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation.
N-Alkyl derivative of 1,9-pyrazoloanthrone as a sensor for picric acid
Authors: Prasad Karothu Durga , Guru Row Tayur N.
Published: August 2014

TheN-alkyl derivative of 1,9-pyrazoloanthrone has been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a potent sensor for picric acid.
pH-sensitive membranes prepared with poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) via ultraviolet irradiation-induced atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Hua Helin , Xiong Ying , Fu Caijie , Li Na
Published: August 2014

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was performed to graft poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and obtain copolymer (PVDF-g-PMMA).
A fluorescent probe for the detection of Mg(ii) and Cu(ii) and its application for imaging in living cells
Authors: Zhai Dapeng , Yang Jing , Guo Zhengyu , Wang Qiusheng , Ouyang Jie
Published: August 2014

A novel fluorescent probe 7-[4′-hydroxy-3′-(5′′-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)styryl]nalidixic acid (HBIN) was synthesized that contains two independent fluorophores and acts as a very sensitive and selective probe for Mg2+ and Cu2+ ions.
Spectrofluorimetric and TLC-densitometric methods for a stability indicating assay of valacyclovir hydrochloride in the presence of its degradation product
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Mostafa Islam M. , Omar Mahmoud A.
Published: August 2014

Two stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for determination of valacyclovir HCl in the presence of its degradation product, acyclovir.
Characterization of electrical surface properties of mono- and co-cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Birkenhauer Eric , Neethirajan Suresh
Published: August 2014

Quantitative nanoscale surface potential measurement of individual pathogenic bacterial cells for understanding the adhesion kinetics using Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Microsol-electrospinning for controlled loading and release of water-soluble drugs in microfibrous membranes
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhu Caihong , Edmonds Laura , Yang Huilin , Cui Wenguo , Li Bin
Published: August 2014

Microsol-electrospinning technique for facile fabricating core–shell microfibers to achieve incubated, controlled and sustainable release of water-soluble drugs.
Denitrification utilizing a vaporized enhanced-Fenton reagent: kinetics and feasibility
Authors: Zhao Yi , Hao Runlong
Published: August 2014

Macrokinetics and feasibility of denitrification using a vaporized enhanced-Fenton reagent were determined.
Tailoring chemical expansion by controlling charge localization: in situ X-ray diffraction and dilatometric study of (La,Sr)(Ga,Ni)O3−δ perovskite
Authors: Perry Nicola H. , Bishop Sean R. , Tuller Harry L.
Published: August 2014

Charge delocalization, experimentally controlled, was shown to correlate with reduced chemical expansion, for enhanced durability of energy-related perovskites, supporting prior theoretical predictions. Subtle structural changes during expansion were also observed.
Bi-functional co-sensitization of graphene oxide sheets and Ir nanoparticles on p-type Co3O4 nanofibers for selective acetone detection
Authors: Choi Seon-Jin , Ryu Won-Hee , Kim Sang-Joon , Cho Hee-Jin , Kim Il-Doo
Published: August 2014

Highly sensitive and selective sensing composites that could detect acetone were obtained by a dual catalytic effect using Ir NPs and GO sheets, which is promising for the diagnosis of diabetes via exhaled breath.
Spectral phonon scattering effects on the thermal conductivity of nano-grained barium titanate
Authors: Donovan Brian F. , Foley Brian M. , Ihlefeld Jon F. , Maria Jon-Paul , Hopkins Patrick E.
Published: August 2014

We study the effect of grain size on thermal conductivity of thin film barium titanate over temperatures ranging from 200 to 500 K. We show that the thermal conductivity of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) decreases with decreasing grain size as a result of increased phonon scattering from grain boundaries. We analyze our results with a model for thermal conductivity that incorporates a spectrum of mean free paths in BaTiO3. In contrast to the common gray mean free path assumption, our findings suggest that the thermal conductivity of complex oxide perovskites is driven by a spectrum of phonons with varying mean free paths.
Study of heat sources interacting in integrated circuits by laser mirage effect
Authors: Perpiñà X. , Jordà X. , Vellvehi M. , Altet J.
Published: August 2014

This work exploits the mirage effect to analyze multiple heat sources thermally interacting in an integrated circuit (IC) by means of a probe IR laser beam, which strikes on the die lateral walls and passes through the die substrate. Under such conditions, the criteria for locating such hot spots, as well as their relative power dissipation, are discussed on the basis of a theoretical model inferred in this work. Finally, the technique feasibility is shown in a real application scenario, obtaining 5-μm spatial lateral resolution and an error in power dissipation measurements below 5%. This method may become a practical alternative to usual off-chip techniques for inspecting hot spots in ICs and to experimentally characterize heat flow in the semiconductor substrate.
Assessment of field-induced quantum confinement in heterogate germanium electron–hole bilayer tunnel field-effect transistor
Authors: Padilla J. L. , Alper C. , Gámiz F. , Ionescu A. M.
Published: August 2014

The analysis of quantum mechanical confinement in recent germanium electron–hole bilayer tunnel field-effect transistors has been shown to substantially affect the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) mechanism between electron and hole inversion layers that constitutes the operating principle of these devices. The vertical electric field that appears across the intrinsic semiconductor to give rise to the bilayer configuration makes the formerly continuous conduction and valence bands become a discrete set of energy subbands, therefore increasing the effective bandgap close to the gates and reducing the BTBT probabilities. In this letter, we present a simulation approach that shows how the inclusion of quantum confinement and the subsequent modification of the band profile results in the appearance of lateral tunneling to the underlap regions that greatly degrades the subthreshold swing of these devices. To overcome this drawback imposed by confinement, we propose an heterogate configuration that proves to suppress this parasitic tunneling and enhances the device performance.
Potential formation in a collisionless plasma produced in an open magnetic field in presence of volume negative ion source
Authors: Phukan Ananya , Goswami K. S. , Bhuyan P. J.
Published: August 2014

The electric potential near a wall for a multi-species plasma with volume produced negative ions in presence of axially varying magnetic field is studied following an analytical-numerical approach. A constant negative ion source is assumed throughout the plasma volume, along with finite temperature positive ions and Boltzmann electrons. The particles are assumed to be guided by an open magnetic field that has its maximum at the centre, and field strength decreasing towards the walls. The one dimensional (1D) Poisson equation is derived using an analytical approach, and then solved numerically to study the potential profiles. Effect of (a) negative ion production rate, (b) magnetic field profile, and (c) negative ion temperature on the potential profile has been investigated. A potential peak appears near the wall when the negative ion temperature and density are sufficiently high. Also, the presence of negative ions further decreases the potential in the plasma region for a finite Debye Length (λD).
Electrically tunable graded index planar lens based on graphene
Authors: Nasari H. , Abrishamian M. S.
Published: August 2014

The realization of electrically tunable beam focusing using a properly designed conductivity pattern along a strip on a background single graphene flake with operation in the terahertz regime is proposed and numerically investigated. The strip is illuminated with a guided surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) plane wave and the physical origin of the design procedure is evaluated from the phase of effective mode index of propagating SPP wave on graphene. Upon tuning a gate voltage between the graphene sheet and the substrate, the focus tuning is achieved. Finite- difference time-domain numerical technique is employed to explore the propagation characteristic of SPP wave and the performance parameters of the lens include the focal length, full-width half-maximum, and focusing efficiency. Such a one atom thick planar lens with the capability of electrical focus tuning besides the compatibility with current planar optoelectronic systems can find valuable potential applications in the field of transformational plasmon optics.
Defects induced luminescence and tuning of bandgap energy narrowing in ZnO nanoparticles doped with Li ions
Authors: Awan Saif Ullah , Hasanain S. K. , Hassnain Jaffari G. , Anjum D. H. , Qurashi Umar S.
Published: August 2014

Microstructural and optical properties of Zn1−yLiyO (0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.10) nanoparticles are investigated. Li incorporation leads to substantial changes in the structural characterization. From micro-structural analysis, no secondary phases or clustering of Li was detected. Elemental maps confirmed homogeneous distribution of Li in ZnO. Sharp UV peak due to the recombination of free exciton and defects based luminescence broad visible band was observed. The transition from the conduction band to Zinc vacancy defect level in photoluminescence spectra is found at 518 ± 2.5 nm. The yellow luminescence was observed and attributed to Li related defects in doped samples. With increasing Li doping, a decrease in energy bandgap was observed in the range 3.26 ± 0.014 to 3.17 ± 0.018 eV. The bandgap narrowing behavior is explained in terms of the band tailing effect due to structural disorder, carrier-impurities, carrier-carrier, and carrier-phonon interactions. Tuning of the bandgap energy in this class of wide bandgap semiconductor is very important for room temperature spintronics applications and optical devices.
Contact-induced spin polarization in BNNT(CNT)/TM (TM=Co, Ni) nanocomposites
Authors: Kuzubov Alexander A. , Kovaleva Evgenia A. , Avramov Paul , Kuklin Artem V. , Mikhaleva Natalya S. , Tomilin Felix N. , Sakai Seiji , Entani Shiro , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Naramoto Hiroshi
Published: August 2014

The interaction between carbon and BN nanotubes (NT) and transition metal Co and Ni supports was studied using electronic structure calculations. Several configurations of interfaces were considered, and the most stable ones were used for electronic structure analysis. All NT/Co interfaces were found to be more energetically favorable than NT/Ni, and conductive carbon nanotubes demonstrate slightly stronger bonding than semiconducting ones. The presence of contact-induced spin polarization was established for all nanocomposites. It was found that the contact-induced polarization of BNNT leads to the appearance of local conductivity in the vicinity of the interface while the rest of the nanotube lattice remains to be insulating.
Interplay between interband coupling and ferromagnetism in iron pnictide superconductor/ferromagnet/iron pnictide superconductor junctions
Authors: Liu S. Y. , Tao Y. C. , Hu J. G.
Published: August 2014

An extended eight-component Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation is applied to study the Josephson effect between iron-based superconductors (SCs) with s±-wave pairing symmetry, separated by an ferromagnet (FM). The feature of damped oscillations of critical Josephson current as a function of FM thickness, the split of the peaks induced by the interband coupling is much different from that for the junction with the s±-wave SCs replaced by s++-wave ones. In particular, a 0−π transition as a function of interband coupling strength α is found to always exhibit with the corresponding dip shifting toward the larger α due to enhancing the spin polarization in the FM, while there exits no 0−π transition for the SC with s++-wave pairing symmetry. The two features can be used to identify the pairing symmetry in the iron pnictide SC different from the s++-wave one in MgB2. Experimentally, by adjusting the doping level in the s±-wave SCs, one can vary α.
Screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine by transverse diffusion mediated capillary microanalysis
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Chen Zilin
Published: August 2014

A transverse diffusion mediated capillary microanalysis method has been developed for screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine. The enzyme, substrate and inhibitors were sequentially injected, mixed efficiently by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, then incubated and separated in the same capillary. To enhance the mixing efficiency of reactants, running buffer was injected by alternately applying +5 kPa and −5 kPa at the capillary inlet and the procedure was repeated three times. The capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation conditions and reactants mixing conditions were optimized. Dual-wavelength detection was employed to eliminate the interference with natural compounds. The method has been applied to determine the kinetics constant of neuraminidase and screen 12 compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. Four compounds have been found to be positive for enzyme inhibition. The results are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The method realized the mixing of substrate and enzyme with identical electrophoretic mobility. This novel CE method was simple, rapid, economic, and fully automated. Therefore, it was appropriate for neuraminidase inhibitors screening and could be extended to other high-throughput screening of active components from traditional Chinese medicine.
Diamond logic inverter with enhancement-mode metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor
Authors: Liu J. W. , Liao M. Y. , Imura M. , Watanabe E. , Oosato H. , Koide Y.
Published: August 2014

A diamond logic inverter is demonstrated using an enhancement-mode hydrogenated-diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistor (MISFET) coupled with a load resistor. The gate insulator has a bilayer structure of a sputtering-deposited LaAlO3 layer and a thin atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 buffer layer. The source-drain current maximum, extrinsic transconductance, and threshold voltage of the MISFET are measured to be −40.7 mA·mm−1, 13.2 ± 0.1 mS·mm−1, and −3.1 ± 0.1 V, respectively. The logic inverters show distinct inversion (NOT-gate) characteristics for input voltages ranging from 4.0 to −10.0 V. With increasing the load resistance, the gain of the logic inverter increases from 5.6 to as large as 19.4. The pulse response against the high and low input voltages shows the inversion response with the low and high output voltages.
Elasticity and hardness of nano-polycrystalline boron nitrides: The apparent Hall-Petch effect
Authors: Nagakubo A. , Ogi H. , Sumiya H. , Hirao M.
Published: August 2014

Nano-polycrystalline boron nitride (BN) is expected to replace diamond as a superhard and superstiff material. Although its hardening was reported, its elasticity remains unclear and the as-measured hardness could be significantly different from the true value due to the elastic recovery. In this study, we measured the longitudinal-wave elastic constant of nano-polycrystalline BNs using picosecond ultrasound spectroscopy and confirmed the elastic softening for small-grain BNs. We also measured Vickers and Knoop hardness for the same specimens and clarified the relationship between hardness and stiffness. The Vickers hardness significantly increased as the grain size decreased, while the Knoop hardness remained nearly unchanged. We attribute the apparent increase in Vickers hardness to the elastic recovery and propose a model to support this insight.
Heterogeneous rotational diffusion of a fluorescent probe in lipid monolayers
Authors: Dadashvand Neda , Williams LaNell A. , Othon Christina M.
Published: August 2014

The rotational correlation time of the lipid probe 1-palmitoyl-2-{6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-PC) is measured using fluorescence anisotropy for two lipid species. We measure the rotational diffusion in a monolayer of 1,2-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) which displays a phase transition at room temperature from the liquid-expanded to the liquid-condensed phase. The constant rotational diffusion of the probe throughout the phase transition reflects the measurement of dynamics in only the liquid-expanded phase. We contrast the dynamic changes during this phase coexistence to the continuous density increase observed in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) at room temperature. We observe a non-exponential decay of the probe diffusion consistent with heterogeneity of the orientational dynamics.
Modelling the reduction in enteric methane from voluntary intake versus controlled individual animal intake of lipid or nitrate supplements
Authors: Cottle David , Eckard Richard
Published: August 2014

In 2011, the Australian government introduced a voluntary carbon offset scheme called the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI), which provides an incentive mechanism for farmers to earn carbon credits by lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or sequestering carbon. In Australia, there is now interest in developing offset methods for controlled feeding of lipids or nitrates to livestock, where individual animal daily supplement intake is controlled and recorded. Carbon offset methodologies are being drafted that require the impact of voluntary versus controlled feeding of these supplements on methane mitigation to be modelled. This paper presents modelling results and tests the hypothesis that controlled feeding would result in higher mitigation than would voluntary, uncontrolled feeding. Controlled feeding with all animals either having the same average supplement intake (C1) or having a controlled maximum intake (C2) resulted in higher herd- or flock-scale methane mitigation than did voluntary, uncontrolled feeding (VFI) from the same total amount of supplement fed. The percentage reductions in methane from C1 and C2 feeding patterns versus VFI were relatively greater at higher levels of both lipid and nitrate supplementation. The modelled effect of higher methane production from VFI than from C1 or C2 was larger for nitrate than for lipid supplements. Controlled feeding can be expected to result in a far more even and consistent intake per animal than from VFI. Any supplementation aimed at reducing enteric methane is therefore more effectively administered through some form of controlled feeding. Also, due to the potential toxicity from excess intake of nitrate, controlled supplementation is far less likely to lead to excessive intake and toxicity.
Health policy in South Australia 2003–10: primary health care workforce perceptions of the impact of policy change on health promotion
Authors: Jolley Gwyn , Freeman Toby , Baum Fran , Hurley Catherine , Lawless Angela , Bentley Michael , Labonté Ronald , Sanders David
Published: August 2014

Issue addressed

This paper examines recent Australian health reform policies and considers how the primary health care (PHC) workforce experiences subsequent change and perceives its impact on health promotion practice.

Methods

Health policy documents were analysed to determine their intended impact on health promotion. Interviews were conducted with 39 respondents from four State‐funded PHC services to gain their perceptions of the impact of policy change on health promotion.

Results

There have been a plethora of policy and strategy documents over the last decade relevant to PHC, and these suggest an intention to strengthen health promotion. However, respondents report that changes to the role and focus of PHC services have led to fewer opportunities for health promotion. Services are struggling to engage in health promotion activity, while funding and policy directions are prioritised to targeted, individual behaviour change.

Conclusion

The experience of PHC workforce respondents in South Australia suggests that, despite policy intentions, health promotion practice is much reduced. Our research suggests that rigorous evaluation of health sector reforms should be undertaken to assess both intended and unintended outcomes in terms of service quality and delivery.

So what?

Health promoters are experiencing a contradictory policy and practice environment, and this research should assist health promoters in advocating for more government accountability in the implementation of policies in order to advance comprehensive PHC.?
Contrasting phagosome pH regulation and maturation in human M1 and M2 macrophages
Authors: Canton Johnathan , Khezri Rojyar , Glogauer Michael , Grinstein Sergio
Published: August 2014

Macrophages respond to changes in environmental stimuli by assuming distinct functional phenotypes, a phenomenon referred to as macrophage polarization. We generated classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) polarized macrophages—two extremes of the polarization spectrum—to compare the properties of their phagosomes. Specifically, we analyzed the regulation of the luminal pH after particle engulfment. The phagosomes of M1 macrophages had a similar buffering power and proton (equivalent) leakage permeability but significantly reduced proton-pumping activity compared with M2 phagosomes. As a result, only the latter underwent a rapid and profound acidification. By contrast, M1 phagosomes displayed alkaline pH oscillations, which were caused by proton consumption upon dismutation of superoxide, followed by activation of a voltage- and Zn2+-sensitive permeation pathway, likely HV1 channels. The paucity of V-ATPases in M1 phagosomes was associated with, and likely caused by, delayed fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes. The delayed kinetics of maturation was, in turn, promoted by the failure of M1 phagosomes to acidify. Thus, in M1 cells, elimination of pathogens through deployment of the microbicidal NADPH oxidase is given priority at the expense of delayed acidification. By contrast, M2 phagosomes proceed to acidify immediately in order to clear apoptotic bodies rapidly and effectively.