bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Analisis di Play Group Taman Kanak-Kanak Islam Terpadu Harapan Mulia Palembang)
Authors: Sari Maya Novita
Published: June 2018

Quality education is a major requirement that must be met. Education should be given from an early age, because at that age should be grown to develop children's creativity. The problem is that many PAUD institutions fail to implement Total quality management. Where measures such as quality planing, quality control and quality importvment have not been optimized properly. Departing from that, it is interesting to see the extent to which the quality management is integrated when applied in the PAUD institution. This study aims to describe and analyze critically and to know the Implementation of TQM in PAUD institutions in Play Group IT Harapan Mulia Palembang. The approach used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection tool that is: observation, documentation, and interview. So found some findings in the research location that illustrates that the implementation of TQM in PAUD institutions become very necessary in supporting the quality of institutions, educators and students.

Key Words ; Total Quality Management, Early Childhood Education and

Development
Pengaruh Kompetensi Sosial Guru PAI terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Kelas VII di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Model Makassar
Authors: , Hairiyah , Rasyid Ulva Mutmainnah
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh kompetensi sosial guru PAI terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas VII di MTsN Model Makassar dan bagaimanakah pengaruh tersebut.

            Populasi penelitian adalah 117 siswa kelas VII MTsN Model Makassar. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode pengumpulan data yaitu angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis statistik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah tekhnik uji statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS 21 dan menggunakan tambahan bantuan program Microsoft Excel. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan taraf signifikan 5%.

Hasil uji statistik deskriptiv statistic menggunakan tekhnik inferensial untuk menguji hipotesis “ada pengaruh kompetensi sosial guru PAI terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas VII di MTsN Model Makassar” ini menunjukkan bahwa r hitung > r tabel (0.208 > 0,180) pada taraf signifikansi 5% maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Persamaan regresinya yaitu Y= 53,616 + 0,334 X. Dari persamaan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari setiap penambahan 1 unit variabel bebas (kompetensi sosial guru PAI) akan meningkatkan nilai variabel terikat (prestasi belajar siswa) sebesar 0,334. Nilai koefisien determinasi (koefisien yang menjelaskan besarnya persentase (%) pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y) sebesar 0,043 artinya pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 4,3% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain. Dengan kata lain ada pengaruh kompetensi sosial guru PAI terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas VII di MTsN Model Makassar sebesar 4,3 %.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Moral Siswa Kelas Tinggi Di SD Negeri Cimpon Desa Tirtosari Kecamatan Kretek Kabupaten Bantul Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015
Authors: Maksum Khanif , Winasih Shofia Khusni
Published: June 2018

Shofia Khusni Winasih: "The Relationship between Parenting Paterns and Moral Development of Upper Grades Students at Cimpon State Elementary School Tirtosari Village, Kretek District, Bantul Regency in Academic Year of 2014-2015". Essay. Yogyakarta: Bachelor Program Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education, ALMA ATA Islamic Higher Education, 2015.

            This research is a survey research that takes sample from one population and uses questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The population in this study are 46 upper grades students and their parents Cimpon State Elementary School in Academic Year of 2014-2015. Samples are taken by using simple random sampling is which sample members of the population are taken randomly without any regard to the stratas in the population. Variables in this study consists of variable X (Parenting pattern from upper grades students’ parents) and variable Y (Moral Development the upper grades students). The data collection techniques used in this research are obsevation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, questionnaire were taken by using likert scale instrument: Strongly Agree (SS), Agree (S), Neutral / Doubt (N), Disagree (TS), Strongly Disagree (STS).

The results of this research shows that 3 parents (6.52%) used uthoritarian parenting patern and all of their children, three children (100%), showed less moral development. Parents who adopted democratic parenting were 43 parents (93.48%) and most of their children, 23 children (53.5%), showed adequate moral development and the rest of the children, 20 children (46.5%), showed good moral development. Most of the upper grades students showed adequate moral development (23 children or 50%); incontrast, children with less moral development were found as the smallest number (3 children or 6.5%).

The result of Pearson correlation test obtained the value of X2 -0.380 and were significant at 0.009 (p-value <0.05). This means that there is a relationship between parental patterns to children moral development in upper grades students in Cimpon Elementary School, Tirtosari Village, Kretek District, Bantul Regency in Academic Year of 2014/2015. In other words, this research hypothesis can be proven or accepted.

Keyword: Parenting Pattern, moral development.
Various Errors in English Written Texts Produced by Semester 1 Students of Nursing of Stikes ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta in The Academic Year of 2012/2013
Authors: Kusuma Chahya
Published: June 2018

This research aims at finding various errors in English written texts pruduced by semester 1 students of nursing of Stikes ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta in the Academic Year of 2012/2013.  This research is a descriptive qualitiative research. Sample was taken radomly from 134 texts. The  data in this reseacrh were sentences which have errors.    

The result of this research showed seven kinds of errors such as; 1) subject-verb agreement, 2) morphology, 3) diction, 4) preposition and article, 5) mechanics including capitalization and punctuation, 6) frase and sentence composition, and 7) acceptability. There were three factors that cause the errors; language interference, respondents’ limited English grammar understanding and language exposure.  

Kata kunci: English teaching in Indonesia, English composition, errors, factor that cause errors  
Use of Social Media in the Assessment of Relative Effectiveness: Explorative Review With Examples From Oncology (Preprint)
Authors: Kalf Rachel R.J. , Makady Amr , ten Ham Renske M.T. , Meijboom Kim , Goettsch Wim G. ,   On Behalf Of IMI-GetReal Workpackage 1
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

An element of health technology assessment constitutes assessing the clinical effectiveness of drugs, generally called relative effectiveness assessment. Little real-world evidence is available directly after market access, therefore randomized controlled trials are used to obtain information for relative effectiveness assessment. However, there is growing interest in using real-world data for relative effectiveness assessment. Social media may provide a source of real-world data.

OBJECTIVE

We assessed the extent to which social media-generated health data has provided insights for relative effectiveness assessment.

METHODS

An explorative literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify examples in oncology where health data were collected using social media. Scientific and grey literature published between January 2010 and June 2016 was identified by four reviewers, who independently screened studies for eligibility and extracted data. A descriptive qualitative analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Of 1032 articles identified, eight were included: four articles identified adverse events in response to cancer treatment, three articles disseminated quality of life surveys, and one study assessed the occurrence of disease-specific symptoms. Several strengths of social media-generated health data were highlighted in the articles, such as efficient collection of patient experiences and recruiting patients with rare diseases. Conversely, limitations included validation of authenticity and presence of information and selection bias.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media may provide a potential source of real-world data for relative effectiveness assessment, particularly on aspects such as adverse events, symptom occurrence, quality of life, and adherence behavior. This potential has not yet been fully realized and the degree of usefulness for relative effectiveness assessment should be further explored.
Analisis hubungan prestasi akademik mahasiswa dengan akses sumber informasi
Authors: Prijana Prijana , Yanto Andri
Published: June 2018

Introduction. In the process of reading, students require different information sources to increase their academic achievement. This paper aims to examine information sources which have a relationship with students academic achievement and become a reference in the development of information sources to support student academic achievement. Method. The research used an experimental study, with N = 38. Based on the value of chi-square of 11,613, a P-value of 0.169 with α = 0.25; df = 8, and the chi-quadrat table = 10.2. It showed that  chi-quadrat count (11.6) is more than chi-quadrat table (10.2). If chi-quadrat counts more than chi-quadrat table, the student academic achievement  has a significant relationship with access to information sources. Results and Discussions. The results showed that students' academic achievements have a significant relationship with access to information sources. The behavior of students in accessing information sources had moderate degrees of relationship with their academic achievement, which means that there is no dominant information source used by the students related to their academic achievement. Conclusion. In this study, students prefer to choose multi-acsess information resources, resulting in the spread of the values of the normal curve to the shape of academic achievements. Further research should discuss students' reading ability towards  the use of information sources.
User Experience (UX) dalam pemanfaatan fasilitas Informal Learning Space (ILS) perpustakaan
Authors: Saptari Janu , Iswandari Rini , Setyawati Ratna
Published: June 2018

Introduction. User experience (UX) is often used as a consideration to measure the quality of library services related to the provision of other facilities and services. The provision of reading room service and informal learning space (ILS) is space in cafeteria, park, hall, lobby, and special room available in certain area. Utilization of ILS facilities needs to be measured for success based on user experience.Data Collection Method. The research was conducted by collecting questionnaires data and interview approach toward user population of ILS facility. The specified population is the user who is using the ILS facility in various areas available for one month.Data analysis. The data are included in the excel tabulation for further processing. Data from the excell tabulation were analyzed based on the research construct. From the analyzed data obtained an overview of the experience of utilization ILS library facilities.Results and Discussions. ILS facilities are used for study/academic activities. Frequency of use of ILS every day with a duration longer than 4 hours. Reasons for using ILS due to the availability of internet access. Opinion on the use of ILS due to convenience and more productive.Conclusion. The ILS utilization is due to the fact that internet facilities, comfort, and work are more productive, so ILS facilities are used every day for a long time.
Pola peminjaman buku di perpustakaan Universitas Syiah Kuala menggunakan Algoritma Eclat
Authors: Subianto Muhammad , AR Fitriana , Hijriyana P. Meildha
Published: June 2018

Introduction. UPT Unsyiah Library is one of the facilities in Syiah Kuala University which provides book lending service to users.The library collects all information and has expanded a big data of book lending.Data Collection Method. This research aims to determine the relevance pattern between the book subject and the borrower's program of study, and to determine the pattern of book borrowing based on books that are often borrowed simultaneously. The pattern can be found using one of the methods of data mining that is the association rules mining with Eclat algorithm. Eclat algorithm uses vertical format of dataset to intersect TID list between items in determining support count so that the process of searching frequent itemset is faster.Analysis Data. There are 122.945 book lending data from 2007 to 2015 used in this study. These data show the borrowers’ behavior pattern of book lending behavior in UPT Library Unsyiah, especially the borrowers who are student of this university. Results and Discussions. The Eclat algorithm produces the most frequent and repeatable pattern of book subjects and program of studies from several years of research data, which are Accounting book subjects with its program of study (S1) and Chemistry book subjects with Chemistry Education program of study (S1).Conclusions. The analysis result for the book subject pattern and program of studies shows that the habit of Unsyiah students in borrowing books from the library is accordingly to their program of studies. As for the patterns between books, Eclat algorithm found linkage between books and most often repeated from several periods of years of research data is the book code of 12311 (Fundamentals of educational evaluation) with 42265 (Introduction to evaluation of education).
Tingkat kolaborasi, produktivitas penulis dan artikel metrik pada Jurnal Mechatronics,Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology
Authors: Widuri Noorika Retno , Prasetyadi Abdurrakhman
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical power, and Vehicular (MEV) technology is a scientific journal in the field of electric power and mechatronics. Based on the preliminary observation, limited bibliometric studies have been found in the field of electric power and mechatronics.  This research was conducted to study the collaborative level of authors, productivity level of authors, and analyze metric article in Journal of MEV.Data Collection Method. This research used qualitative descriptive method using bibliometric approach. Data were collected by recording the names of authors and their collaboration from 2010-2016..Data Analysis. The collaborative level was analyzed by using Subramanyam formula to calculate the frequency of authors’ productivity.Results and Discussions. The results showed that collaborative level of Journal of MEV was 0.89. The results showed high tendency for authors to write in a collaborative group.. It was found that Estiko Rijanto became  the most productive author with 12 articles. Based on research groups, authors from the mechatronics research group were found as the most productive. The probability of current research trend were found to have a relation to automatic braking devices/braking methods (klas 62-783.52).Conclusions. Collaborative level in the field of electric power and mechatronics published in Journal of MEV was relatively high.
PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF PAINFUL DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH LOW ECONOMIC STATUS
Authors: Chowdary Dl Nishitha , I Somasundaram
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) in patients with type-2 diabetes and to access the health-related quality of life of patient by collecting and documenting the information of patient using sf-15 questionnaire.Methods: The present study involves prospective analysis of quality of life in both men and women with PDPN with type-2 diabetes. The methodology involves collection and documentation of patients medical and medication history, blood glucose levels, and duration of diabetes. Further, the quality of life of patient is documented using Michigan neuropathic scaling instrument (sf-15 questionnaire) through which we can assess the impact of PDPN.Results: It can be seen that there are no significant changes in the prevalence of PDPN when compared gender wise and based on age, but there are an extremely statistically significant (*p<0.05) values obtained when the presence of PDPN is compared between duration of diabetes.Conclusion: Patients with duration of diabetes type-2 between 5 and 10 years are mostly presented with PDPN. Early detection, nutritious diet, and patient counseling help in management of PDPN.
HINOKITIOL-AMELIORATED DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS THROUGH ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM IN RATS: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Fathima Mohamed Zerein , Nainar Mohamed , I Somasundaram , Ts Shanmugarajan
Published: June 2018

Objective: Chemoprevention seems to be the best strategy for lowering the incidence of liver cancer. Therefore, this study has been initiated to investigate the hinokitiol (HIOL) supplementation which could prevent oxidative stress induced by hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats.Methods: The biochemical parameters such as tissue damaging enzymes, namely, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and attack-free period and enzymatic antioxidants, namely, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and histopathological changes were estimated.Results: DEN-treated rats shows increased ALT, ALP, and AST and decreased GSH, GST, CAT, GPx, GR, and SOD activities in liver tissues. The DEN-treated group (200 mg/kg body weight single intraperitoneal injection) with phenobarbital 0.05% orally showed the severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue. Whereas, the groups received HIOL along with DEN shown a comparatively lesser damage. Here, the HIOL supplementation ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as evoked enzymatic antioxidants in DEN-induced rats to the control values.Conclusion: The HIOL possesses potent antioxidant property, in this credence to that conception, the treatment with HIOL may prevent the development of chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by free radical scavenging mechanism.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND THE DYNAMICS OF LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE
Authors: Alla A Kotvitska , Alina V Cherkashyna , Alina V Volkova , Inna V Kubarieva
Published: June 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the assortment, availability, consumption status, and dynamics of lipid-lowering drugs in the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine.Methods: Among the primary methods of research were applied the following: System and content analysis, marketing, logical and mathematical analysis, graphical mode, and also a way of detailed and abstract simulation and synthesis.Results: The ratio of imported and domestic lipid-lowering drugs in Ukrainian pharmaceutical market was analyzed (imported lipid-lowering medicines account for 82% of the total number of this group in Ukrainian market, the share of local medications is 18%, respectively). The structural review and analysis of market characteristics of 5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors group of medicines (sales, accessibility for people, and competitiveness) were conducted, and the most promising market segment for producers and distributors was identified. The most promising sector is rosuvastatin, which is characterized by an average sales volume with a tendency to increase and a high increasing profit.Conclusion: Data on dynamics of the development of lipid-lowering drugs segment in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are systematized, which enables potential manufacturers to identify their market niche. As a result of the study, heavy dependency on imported lipid-lowering drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine was established, which determines low economic accessibility (especially in case of increasing in exchange rates) and physical availability (dependence on the regularity of shipments to Ukraine) for consumers. The most competitive medicines of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin group were determined, it was established that sales leader was pharmaceutical company KRKA dd, Novo Mesto (Slovenia) with generics Atoris and Roxer.
SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA RACEMOSA LAM. LEAVES
Authors: Gawade Bhimraj , Farooqui Mazahar
Published: June 2018

Objective: In this study, the leaves of medicinal plant Bauhinia racemosa Lam. with different pharmacological activities were subjected to phytochemical screening and assessment of their in vitro inhibitory potential with porcine pancreatic α-amylase enzyme to treat and management of diabetes.Methods: Plant leaves were extracted sequentially with ethanol solvent. A modified 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was adopted to screen α-amylase inhibition assay. The ethanol extract was analyzed qualitatively and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis technique for the active phytoconstituents according to the standard protocols.Results: A phytochemical screening of leaves extract reveals the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, saponin, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoid, and phenolic compounds. The ethanol extract reported inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity at IC50 value 61.72 ± 0.03 μg/mL and acarbose as a standard drug at IC50 value 28.07 ± 0.02 μg/mL.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that B. racemosa Lam. leaves contain some of bioactive phytochemicals might to be exhibiting in vitro antidiabetic activity, which was leading to decreases the rate of starch digestion.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF AERVA MONSONIAE AND SELENIUM ON CADMIUM- INDUCED OXIDATIVE LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS
Authors: Jyothi Palati Divya , Vanapatla Swaroopa Rani
Published: June 2018

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of methanolic extract of the whole plant of Aerva monsoniae (MEAM) and selenium on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative liver damage in experimental rats.Methods: In the present study, albino Wistar rats were treated with Cd (5 mg/kg), selenium (1 mg/kg), and MEAM (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 21days. After 21 days of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected for estimation of biochemical parameters and liver was used for histopathological studies.Results: Oral administration of Cd significantly elevated the levels of hepatic markers such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and decreased levels of total proteins and albumin. We also observed that elevated oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde reduced the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione in the liver. Co-administration of MEAM and selenium in Cd-intoxicated rats, the altered biochemical parameters, and pathological changes were recovered significantly (p>0.01) than the individual effects of MEAM and selenium.Conclusion: From the above findings, it was concluded that combination of MEAM and selenium exhibited remarkable protective effects against Cd-induced oxidative liver damage in rats.
SURVEILLANCE OF BACTERIA METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ORTHOPEDIC DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Das Pulin Bihari , Mishra Monali Priyadarshini , Rath Siba Narayan
Published: June 2018

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have emerged independently in diverse geographic zones and MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause surgical site infections. Nosocomial surveillance in orthopedic surgery wards of the hospital for 16 months is presented.Methods: A total of 621 wound swabs were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar plates for bacteria and Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi.Results: From 468 bacterial colonies, 98 MRSA and 74 P. aeruginosa strains and 41 fungal strains were isolated, and fungal strains were 13 strains of Aspergillus niger, and 28 strains of Candida albicans. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains were susceptible to antibiotics tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, vancomycin, levofloxacin, and amoxyclav. Similarly, A. niger and C. albicans were susceptible to antifungals, amphotericin B (AMB), liposomal AMB, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin.Conclusion: Isolated MRSA strains were resistant to presently used common antibiotics, which attribute to the leading causatives of post-operative infection in orthopedic wounds, specifically.
MEASUREMENT OF CORTISOL IN HUMAN PLASMA AND URINE BY ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Alvi Syed N , M Hammami Muhammad
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, specific, and rapid assay for quantification of clinically relevant cortisol level in human plasma and urine samples.Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on Atlantis dC18 column (2.1×100 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2 mM ammonium acetate (50:50, v: v) that was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. Tolperisone (2 ng) was used as an internal standard (IS). Biological samples were extracted with a mixture of hexane and methyl tert-butyl ether (8:2, v: v). The eluents were monitored using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode with transition mass to charge ratio set at 363.1 → 121.0 and 246.0 → 97.9 for cortisol and IS, respectively. The method was validated according to international guidelines.Results: Retention times of cortisol and IS were about 1.4 and 2.3, respectively. Relationship between cortisol level and peak area ratio of cortisol to IS was linear (R2≥0.987) in the range of 2.5–400 ng/ml and 1.0–200 ng/ml in plasma and urine samples, respectively. Intra- and inter-day coefficient of variation and bias were ≤9.7% and ±11.1%, and ≤10.4% and ±11.5% for plasma and urine samples, respectively. Extraction recoveries were in 80–91% for cortisol plasma and 80–86% for cortisol in urine samples. Cortisol was ≥86% stable when stored at room temperature for 24 h or at −20°C for 24 weeks in plasma samples and ≥93% stable when stored at room temperature for 24 h or −20°C for 16 weeks in urine samples.Conclusion: We report a validated, clinically relevant, simple, and rapid UPLC-MS/MS assay of cortisol level in human plasma and urine.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Veientlena Steffi , P Prabu
Published: June 2018

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.
EFFECT OF SODIUM ALGINATE ON PREVENTION OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RATS
Authors: Kartika Yulis , Bangun Hakim , Rosidah Rosidah
Published: June 2018

Objective: The present study is to determine the effect of liquid of sodium alginate and powder on the prevention of raising cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis in rats (preventive effect).Method: Experimental animals were divided into prevention groups. Preventive groups used were 24 normal rats and then divided into four groups, each group consisted of 6 animals: Group 1 (fed a regular diet), Group 2 (fed high cholesterol diet), Group 3 (fed high cholesterol diet and alginate liquid 2% diet), and Group 4 (fed high cholesterol and alginate powder). Rats are given with cholesterol food, alginate liquid, alginate powder a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight once a day. Parameters measured were cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, triglyceride (TG) level, body weight every week, and histopathologically of the aorta for foam cells examined at the end of the experiment. Analysis of data was performed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The lipid profiles in the preventive group showed alginate liquid and powder which have the effect of preventing increase total cholesterol, LDL, TG, number of foam cells, and decrease HDL. Diet using alginate powder better than alginate liquid, but the effect was not different significantly (p<0.05) so do the regular diet, but higher than given with high cholesterol diet significantly (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the alginate liquid and alginate powder have an anti-hypercholesterolemia property which has been proved by preventing increase LDL, TG, and increased HDL levels.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA AND INTERLEUKIN 12 USING CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE LOADED TEA TREE OIL NANOEMULSION GEL ON ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Alam Md Sarfaraz , Ali Mohamammad Daud , Ansari Md Salahuddin , Sharma Pankaj
Published: June 2018

Objective: The main objective of our study is to explore anti-inflammatory activity at its molecular level like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 12 (IL-12) expression, and histopathological study.Methods: As per solubility/miscibility of clobetasol propionate (CP) with tea tree oil (TTO), surfactant and cosurfactant (Smix), and water in a ratio of oil:Smix:water (15:35:50) taken in milliliter for the preparation of nanoemulsion. Induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was used for the study. TNF-α and interleukin 12 (IL-12) were estimated with rabbit antimouse TNF-α and rat antimouse IL-12 antibodies in 1% of bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffer.Results: Topical application of CP loaded nanoemulsion gel inhibits ear inflammation and erythema in DNFB-induced ACD in mice and significantly reduces the intracellular edema and infiltration with inflammatory mediator cells involving of mononuclear cells and neutrophils. CP loaded nanoemulsion gel reduces expression of protein level of TNF-α and IL-12.Conclusion: CP loaded nanoemulsion gel confirmed that anti-inflammatory effects showed more rapidly than the placebo and marketed gel preparation. However, the animals treated with placebo nanoemulsion gel showed a somehow comparable reduction of their inflammation during treatment compared with the marketed gel. This effect may be due to anti-inflammatory effect of TTO. This result suggested that anti-inflammatory activity of placebo nanoemulsion gel may be due to TTO present in nanoemulsion as vehicle.
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF SOLANUM ROSTRATUM SPECIES FROM ALGERIA T
Authors: Omar Tebboub , Noman Labib , Mohamed Bouhroume , Oke Altuntas Feyza , Demirtas Ibrahim
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to isolate the constituents and evaluate the antioxidant activity of Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae) from Algeria. Methods: In this study, phytochemical analyses of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts of S. rostratum were performed by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The antioxidant activity was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay method.Results: The identification and structure elucidation of the isolated compounds were compared with their nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the literature led to identify one monoterpene glycoside (linalyl-β-glucopyranoside) (1) and three flavonoid glycosides: Apigenin-7-O-glucoside (2), astragalin (3) and (isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (4).Conclusion: This is the first report on the isolation and structure elucidation of compound (1) (linalyl-β-glucopyranoside) and compound (2) (apigenin-7-O-glucoside) from this species. In addition, antioxidant effect of the chloroform extract from S. rostratum was evaluated. The chloroform extract exhibited the remarkable radical scavenging ability (IC50=0066±0.001 mg/mL).
ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE FROM BACILLUS SP. FROM KITCHEN GREASE
Authors: R Jaiganesh , Mk Jaganathan
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this work was to isolation, purification and characterization of solvent tolerant lipase from Bacillus sp. The objective of this work was to isolation, purification and characterization of solvent tolerant lipase from Bacillus sp. from kitchen grease for a variety of applications including organic synthetic reactions and preparation of enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals.Methods: Lipase producing isolates were screened from kitchen grease on a selective medium rhodamine B olive oil agar, and tributyrin agar was used to screen the lipase and esterase producing an organism, respectively. The isolate identified using 16S rDNA sequencing method and enzyme activity was quantitatively assayed. Lipase production was characterized in different conditions.Results: The isolate showed highest lipase activity was which later was identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA sequencing method. The lipase was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The isolate showed excellent tolerance to methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and moderate tolerance to butanol. The increased biomass concentration, maximum production, and activity were achieved at 37°C in 24 h incubation, then gradual reduction in production was observed. The maximum activity of lipase enzyme was obtained at pH between 6 and 9.Conclusion: The isolate produce solvent tolerance lipase enzyme and it can be a promising candidate of solvent tolerance lipase enzyme for variety of industrial applications.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BUTANOLIC AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS FRUITS IN 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: Hari Rajeswary , P Muralidharan
Published: June 2018

Objective: To compare hepatoprotective activity of ethanol and butanol fraction of Tribulus terrestris fruits against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced hepatic damage in albino rats.Methods: The degree of liver protection was assessed in terms of biochemical parameters, liver marker enzymes, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in drug-treated and TCDD-intoxicated rats.Results: The results revealed that the elevated serum marker enzymes and biochemical parameters in TCDD-treated rats were significantly reduced toward normal levels in saponin rich fraction of T. terrestris drug-treated animals when comparable to ethanolic extract of T. terrestris drug-treated group. The plant extracts have got a notable inhibitory activity on the formation of LPO products in the basal as well as in the presence of inducers.Conclusion: The plant extracts hindered oxidative damage that occurred to the hepatocytes during TCDD toxicity may be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity in the present study.
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E AGAINST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION INDUCED BY ISOPRENALINE IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Abdelhalim Abdelbaset Taher , Nur Nuruddin Mohammed , Mansour Sherif , Ibrahim Abdelnasser
Published: June 2018

Objective: Vitamin E is an antioxidant which can help in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of Vitamin E on cardiac marker enzymes in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infracted rats.Methods: Adult male albino rats were divided into three groups. The first group was the control negative group. The second group was the control positive group that was subcutaneously injected with ISO (100 mg/kg). The third group was pretreated with Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days, then subcutaneously injected with ISO at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin-I (CTn-I), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and histopathological examinations were measured. Comparison between groups was achieved by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test through SPSS software.Results: The levels of AST, ALT, LDH, creatine kinase (CK), and CTn-I significantly decreased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its increasing in the control positive group. The level of GSH and SOD markedly increased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its decreasing in the control positive group, while the level of MDA significantly decreased in pretreated group with Vitamin E compared to its increasing in the control positive group. ISO + Vitamin E rats group reflected a cardioprotective role of Vitamin E in myocardial infarcted rats.Conclusion: Pretreatment with Vitamin E can protect the myocardial membranes against ISO-induced oxidative stress in rats and can be used for routine clinical and epidemiological purposes.
RESVERATROL INHIBITS EXPRESSION OF CANCER-SPECIFIC PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY ENZYME TKTL1
Authors: Kumar Bhupender
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify cancer-specific metabolic enzyme Transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) from pentose phosphate pathway as target of resveratrol, a naturally occurring nutraceutical.Methods: Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and trypan blue assay were used for the estimation of growth and proliferation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated using 2’-7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate while reduced glutathione (GSH) was estimated using commercially available kit. Promoter activity, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were used for expression analysis.Results: Resveratrol treatment in HeLa cells inhibited proliferation, promoted ROS, and reduced intracellular GSH levels. In TKTL1 promoter activity assay, we found that resveratrol treatment directly inhibited promoter activity of TKTL1. Resveratrol inhibited both mRNA and protein expression of TKTL1 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: This is the first report where we show that resveratrol inhibits cancer-specific isoform TKTL1 as one of its targets to elicit its anticancer activity.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE AND RAPID EVALUATION OF PYRIDOSTIGMINE IMPURITY B IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETER AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF PYRIDOSTIGMINE TO HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS IN A PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
Authors: Puram Sambasiva Rao , Batheja Raman , Nithya G
Published: June 2018

Objective: Objective of this work is to evaluate the levels in plasma of pyridostigmine impurity B (metabolite of pyridostigmine) in humans after administration of pyridostigmine formulations.Methods: Plasma concentrations of pyridostigmine impurity B were estimated using by liquid chromatography coupled with electron spray ionization triple quad mass spectrometer technique, lamivudine is used as an internal standard. Multiple reaction at 109.9/95.2 (pyridostigmine impurity B) and 230.2/112.2 (lamivudine) were monitored. Chromatography was optimized using acetonitrile: Buffer (10 millimolar ammonium acetate) (85:15) on an Inertsil C18, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μ analytical column. Linear Calibration curve set between 1.434 ng/ml and 39.637 ng/ml. Sample extraction was conducted using solid phase extraction method using mixed mode cation exchange cartridges. The method was developed on API 4000.Results: Method was developed, tested for system suitability, carryover, selectivity, matrix effect, intra-inter precision and accuracy, recovery, linearity, and various stabilities in aqueous as well as plasma as matrix. The method was validated for all the above validation parameters mentioned as per European medical agency guideline on method validation.Conclusions: The method is successfully applied to analyze 1890 subject samples after administration of pyridostigmine 180 mg as per Independent Ethics Committee approved protocol. Incurred sample reanalysis was revealed a great reproducibility of method. Statistical analysis was also conducted to compare test formulation with innovator formulation. Test formulation concentrations of pyridostigmine impurity B are similar to those obtained from innovator formulation.
SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND COMPLEMENT LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER IN IRAQ
Authors: Hammody Rana Hazim , Al-ani Mohammed Qais , Turkey Fareed Arrak
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) levels, and complements (C3 and C4) level in Iraqi women with breast cancer pre-treatment and post-treatment.Methods: A total number of 100 patients aged 25–47 years were enrolled in this study, including 35 breast cancer treatment patients, 30 treatment patients, and 10 and 25 healthy women benefactor. All samples were collected from August 2016 to February 2017 from Oncology Hospital/Medical city in Baghdad exception of the control group were collected from outside the hospital. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 were measured by radial immunodiffusion technique.Results: Serum mean values of IgA, IgG, and C3were significantly higher (p˂0.01) in patients pre-treatment than in post-treatment. The level of the serum for patients pre-treatment was significantly higher than post-treatment.Conclusion: The present study showed the increase of serum IgA, IgG, and C3 levels can be considered as biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis pre-treatment and post-treatment.
CORRELATION OF GENDER AND LEPTIN WITH ANALGESIC EFFECT OF TRAMADOL IN RATS
Authors: Satyam Shakta Mani , Bairy Laxminarayana Kurady , Devi Vasudha
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the correlation of gender and serum leptin level with analgesic modulation of tramadol in Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 48 Wistar rats (body weight 100–150 g), 24 each male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=6/group) (Group I - Control- 0.9% NaCl; 1 ml/kg/day i.p. and Group II - Tramadol 10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for each nociception model - plantar test and acetic acid induced writhing test. The treatment duration was of 5 days. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed using plantar test and writhing movements were observed following administration of 0.8% acetic acid; 10 ml/kg i.p.Results: PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in female control group compared to male control group. In tramadol treated female rats, PWL was significantly decreased (p=0.005) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in comparison with the tramadol treated male rats. PWL was negatively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= −0.826, two-tailed significance= 0.000), and writhing movements were positively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.505, two-tailed significance= 0.012).Conclusions: The present study revealed that female rats have more serum leptin concentration than male rats which could be one of the possible reasons for having more pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli in female rats compared to male rats. Tramadol treatment at the dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days has decreased serum leptin level in rats which might be one of the additional mechanisms of tramadol to reduce pain.
Financial times: Competing temporalities in the age of finance capitalism
Authors: Kloeckner Christian , Mueller Stefanie
Published: June 2018

This special issue explores how finance deploys time, structures the future, and interacts with actors and institutions that sometimes function according to very different temporal regimes. Finance capitalism's logic of recurrence, repetitive cycles, and successive ruptures has long been with us, but the essays in this special issue are particularly interested in how recent decades of intensified financialization have restructured temporal experience. They interrogate the production and dissemination of agency in an age of acceleration, risk, and uncertainty, asking how the temporality inscribed in financial transactions emerges from and simultaneously shapes individual and social practice. Topics covered range from the logic of finance and foundational concepts of financial theory to the intersection between objective structures and social practice, the role of literature, and finally questions of social insecurity, political action, and the possibility of resistance within a context of competing temporalities. In this introduction, the editors delineate some fundamental concepts and questions for our financial times.
Urban frontiers in the global struggle for capital gains
Authors: Mörtenböck Peter , Mooshammer Helge
Published: June 2018

This article examines different ways in which finance models have become the ruling mode of spatializing relationships, arguing that the ongoing convergence of economic and spatial investment has transformed our environments into heavily contested ‘financescapes’. First, it reflects upon architecture's capacity to give both material and symbolic form to these processes and considers the impacts this has on the emergence of novel kinds of urban investment frontiers, including luxury brand real estate, free zones, private cities, and urban innovation hubs. Focusing on speculative urban developments in Morocco and the United Arab Emirates, the article then highlights the performative dimension of such building programs: how architectural capital is put to work by actively performing the frontiers of future development. Physically staking out future financial gains, this mode of operation is today becoming increasingly manifested in urban crowdfunding schemes. We argue that, far from promoting new models of civic participation, such schemes are functioning as a testbed for speculation around new patterns of spatial production in which architecture acts less as the flagstaff of capital than as a capital system in itself.