bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Route for N1‐Aryl Benzotriazoles from Diazoamino Arynes via CuI‐Mediated Intramolecular N‐Arylation.
Authors: Kale Raju R. , Prasad Virendra , Hussain H. A. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: January 2011

Diazotization of o‐chloroaniline (I) followed by addition of aromatic amines results in formation of intermediate o‐chloro‐1,2,3‐benzotriazenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Activities of Novel 5‐(1‐Adamantyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Kadi Adnan A. , Al‐Abdullah Ebtehal S. , Shehata Ihsan A. , Habib Elsayed E. , Ibrahim Tarek M. , El‐Emam Ali A.
Published: January 2011

Some of the new adamantylthiadiazole derivatives, e.g. (II), (IXa), (IXc), (XIIIb), and (XIIIc) display marked antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene‐11‐one and Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthene.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Malaekehpoor Seyedeh Mina
Published: January 2011

The convenient process includes an easy work‐up and a reusable, inexpensive and mild catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Boronic Acids with Dihalo Heterocycles.
Authors: Houpis Ioannis N. , Liu Renmao , Wu Yanfei , Yuan Yukuan , Wang Youchu , Nettekoven Ulrike
Published: January 2011

It is found that K2CO3/Pd2dba3‐mediated treatment of the dichloro acid (I) with boronic acids allows selective formation of 2‐arylated derivatives like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Quinolone Derivatives and Related Compounds.
Authors: Pednekar Suhas , Pandey Anil Kumar
Published: January 2011

Dihydroquinoline‐7‐carboxylate (III) is synthesized via a microwave‐accelerated Gould—Jacob reaction and transformed into a variety of amide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridodiazepinediones by Using the Ugi Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Van den Bogaert An M. , Nelissen Jo , Ovaere Margriet , Van Meervelt Luc , Compernolle Frans , De Borggraeve Wim M.
Published: January 2011

Synthesis of the title compounds is achieved using the Ugi multicomponent reaction as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Unusual Seven‐Membered Heterocycles Incorporating Nitrogen and Sulfur by Intramolecular Conjugate Displacement.
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Clive Derrick L. J.
Published: January 2011

Additionally, synthesis of an azepine derivative is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Nitriles.
Authors: Gutsulyak Dmitry V. , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: January 2011

Monohydrosilylation of nitriles (I) and (VI) proceeds smoothly in the presence of a cationic Ru complex to give N‐silylimines under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurium‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 31. A Facile and Practical Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of (Z)‐4‐Methylene‐3‐selenaquinoline Derivatives from o‐Ethynylanilines and Isoselenocyanates.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Pan Chao , Kaname Mamoru , Minoura Mao
Published: January 2011

Aniline substrates bearing the free ‐NH2 group react best under solvent‐ and catalyst‐free conditions to yield the desired selenium heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Method for the Synthesis of Selenocysteine and Selenocystine Derivatives from L‐Serine Methyl Ester.
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Taube Paulo S. , Galetto Fabio Z. , de Andrade Fabiano M.
Published: January 2011

O‐Mesylated L‐serine methyl ester, generated in situ, reacts with selenolate anions in a one‐pot manner to yield various target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the Gould—Jacobs Reaction to 4‐Amino‐2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole.
Authors: Bella Maros , Schultz Marcel , Milata Viktor , Konarikova Katarina , Breza Martin
Published: January 2011

Gould—Jacobs reaction of title compounds (IV) and (VI) furnishes selenadiazoloquinolones, e.g. (VII) and (VIII), which show very weak antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—H Bond Stannylation: A New Regioselective Pathway to C—Sn Bonds via C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Doster Meghan E. , Hatnean Jillian A. , Jeftic Tamara , Modi Sunjay , Johnson Samuel A.
Published: January 2011

A variety of fluorinated arenes and pyridine is undergoing a stannylation reaction not via the expected C—F activation but rather provides the products of the C—H activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annulated Pyrroles: Condensation of Aldose Sugars, Arylamines, and 1,3‐Diones Using TBAB.
Authors: Nagarapu Lingaiah , Cheemalapati Venkata Narasimhaji , Karnakanti Shuklachary , Bantu Rajashaker
Published: January 2011

Coupling of enamines with unprotected monosaccharides offers a direct synthesis of the desired glycoconjugates.
ChemInform Abstract: Bisamides from the Twigs of Aglaia perviridis Collected in Vietnam.
Authors: Chin Young‐Won , Chae Hee‐Sung , Lee Joongku , Bach Tran The , Ahn Kyung‐Seop , Lee Hyeong‐Kyu , Joung Hyouk , Oh Sei‐Ryang
Published: January 2011

Compounds (I) show moderate inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments and Trends in the Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC)
Authors: Katsaounis A.
Published: January 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Al‐Fe‐O (Aluminum‐Iron‐Oxygen)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: January 2011

Review: phase equilibria; 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Aromatic Substrates with Alkynes and Alkenes under Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: January 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Determining the Selection of Organic Reactions by Medicinal Chemists and the Use of These Reactions in Arrays (Small Focused Libraries)
Authors: Cooper Tony W. J. , Campbell Ian B. , Macdonald Simon J. F.
Published: January 2011

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: When Chiral Product and Catalyst Are the Same: Discovery of Asymmetric Organoautocatalysis
Authors: Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: January 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anellated Azaphospholes
Authors: Bansal Raj K.
Published: January 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Chemoenzymatic Total Syntheses of Natural and Unnatural Products: Codeine, Balanol, Pancratistatin, and Oseltamivir
Authors: Hudlicky Tomas
Published: January 2011

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Transformations of Tetrazole Derivatives: Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Frija Luis Miguel Teodoro , Ismael Amin , Cristiano Maria Lurdes Santos
Published: January 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Non‐Activated Alkyl Halides by a Nickel Pincer Complex
Authors: Hu Xile
Published: January 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Rings in Them All: The Labdane‐Related Diterpenoids
Authors: Peters Reuben J.
Published: January 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Moenomycin Family Antibiotics: Chemical Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity
Authors: Ostash Bohdan , Walker Suzanne
Published: January 2011

Review: 214 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Indole Alkaloids and Those with a Nonrearranged Monoterpenoid Unit
Authors: Ishikura Minoru , Yamada Koji , Abe Takumi
Published: January 2011

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Peptide and Small‐Molecule HIV‐1 Fusion Inhibitors that Target gp41
Authors: Cai Lifeng , Jiang Shibo
Published: January 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Chalcogenides
Authors: Keglevich G.
Published: January 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronate‐Linked Materials: Ranging from Amorphous Assemblies to Highly Structured Networks
Authors: Rambo Brett M. , Tilford R. William , Lanni Laura M. , Liu Jie , Lavigne John J.
Published: January 2011

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Tricoordinated Phosphorous Compounds to Enantioselective Catalytic Methods
Authors: Fiaud J.‐C. , Marinetti A.
Published: January 2011

Review: 530 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Piperazine Space in Isocyanide‐Based MCR Chemistry
Authors: Huang Yijun , Khoury Kareem , Domling Alexander
Published: January 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nature′s Polyethylene
Authors: Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: January 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of DNA Sequencing: From the Genome of a Bacteriophage to That of a Neanderthal
Authors: Sundermann Uschi , Kushnir Susanna , Schulz Frank
Published: January 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Climate Change and Atmospheric Chemistry: How Will the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Develop?
Authors: Dameris Martin
Published: January 2011

Review: 37 refs.
Downstream Processing for Isomaltose following a Reaction Integrated Adsorption
Authors: Holtkamp Manuel , Scholl Stephan
Published: January 2011

Downstream processing for isomaltose by purification on BEA‐zeolites was investigated. The important process steps are washing procedure, desorption, and reactivation of the adsorbent. Purity and yield were influenced by the enzyme system. Desorption kinetics was determined at 50 ° and 70 °C. Complete desorption was performed in a three stage cross‐flow‐sequence. The reactivation of BEA‐zeolite is feasible with additional effort for Na+‐cation exchange.
Adsorption from Molecular to Process Scale – Where Intensification Meets Integration
Authors: Ditz Reinhard
Published: January 2011

Biopharmaceutical processes are complex in almost every aspect, they are not well understood, and so far they have not seen much integration, far less intensification. Adsorption plays a key role for handling, purifying, and processing of such complex systems. The current modular approach to a bioprocess chain needs integration and also more consideration of sustainability aspects. Integrated processes are a prerequisite for the supply of patients all over the world with high quality, innovative, and affordable therapeutics, also allowing stratified medicine approaches.
Spain and Argentina as Importers of Management Knowledge (1955–2008): A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos Jesús Fernández , Gantman Ernesto R.
Published: January 2011

This paper presents a comparative historical reconstruction of the evolution of the management discipline between 1955 and 2008 in Spain and Argentina—two countries that share common institutional and linguistic characteristics, which derive from their colonial relationship, but differ in terms of their economic development paths. We conclude that there are important parallels in both cases. First, the two countries have a role of “importers” of management knowledge, particularly from the United States, which may result from the positions they have historically occupied in the capitalist world system. Second, the discipline is dominated by a clearly managerial‐ or practitioner‐oriented bias, and the production of scholarly management knowledge seems to have little importance. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of layered broadcast with superposition coding
Authors: Wei Dongyan , Wang Wenbo , Peng Mugen , Liang Dong , Liu Yang
Published: January 2011

In wireless broadcast system, where feedback is limited and channel state information is only available at the receiver side, layered broadcasting approach has been proposed to fully utilize the channel resources by providing different levels of service quality to users with different channel conditions. However, no upper bound has been given yet to show how the layered broadcast scheme will outperform the conventional broadcast (CB) scheme. In this paper, system average achievable rate (SAAR) is defined as the mean achievable rate of all users within the coverage. Based on continuum superposition coding (SC) with infinite layers, the upper bound of the SAAR of layered broadcasting is given by the derivation of the optimal power distribution function among the superposed layers. The results show that, by promoting the experience of stronger users (users with better channel conditions) without seriously degrading the performance of weaker users (users with worse channel conditions), layered broadcasting approach greatly increases the average system performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A delay‐based transport layer mechanism for fair TCP throughput over 802.11 multihop wireless mesh networks
Authors: Hou Ting‐Chao , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Wu Cheng‐Shong
Published: January 2011

Cities worldwide have planned and implemented large‐scale wireless mesh network (WMN) deployments. These mesh deployments are expected to provide broadband mobile access to the Internet at a low cost to the user. This paper considers the fairness problem affecting nodes in multihop WMNs. Many existing approaches to coping with the fairness problem are unsuitable because they necessitate modifications to the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol or node queueing operations. Such modifications require a change in hardware/firmware at every node in the WMN. Thus, these approaches are less favorable from the points of view of interoperability and cost. Without modifying the lower layer protocols, this study identifies TCP parameters that impact throughput fairness and proposes an adjustment to these parameters to reduce frame collisions and to improve throughput fairness. Using simple mathematical formulations and ns2 simulations, this study shows that the frame transmissions from each node can be effectively controlled by properly controlling the delayed ACK timer and by using a suitable advertised window. The proposed method, in addition to fairness, requires fewer buffer resources than other methods. Moreover, it is not sensitive to the carrier sense range. It is also simple and easy to deploy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of cooperative multi‐carrier relay‐based UAV networks over generalized fading channels
Authors: Abualhaol Ibrahim Y. , Matalgah Mustafa M.
Published: January 2011

The outage probability in a network of cooperative unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) over generalized fading channels is studied analytically using finite mixture with expectation maximization technique. A relay‐based topology with one ground control unit (GCU) is considered, where the cooperative UAVs can communicate with the GCU directly or through relay. The application the UAV is assigned for specifies the minimum required transmission rate the UAV should achieve. The outage probability of the system is defined as the probability that either the transmission rate over any of the links drops below a predefined minimum threshold for that link or the Relay‐GCU link is not able to transmit the aggregate data from all relayed UAVs and the minimum rate required by the relay UAV itself. Throughout the paper, expressions for the outage probability and the average achievable bit rate of a cooperative multi‐carrier system are derived over generalized fading channels. Finite mixture with expectation maximization algorithm is utilized to derive a simple approximate expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the achievable bit rate assuming adaptive M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM). This pdf is used to derive closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and the average bit rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of inducible co‐stimulatory molecule (ICOS) on T‐cell responses and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Nouailles Geraldine , Day Tracey A. , Kuhlmann Stefanie , Loewe Delia , Dorhoi Anca , Gamradt Pia , Hurwitz Robert , Jörg Sabine , Pradl Lydia , Hutloff Andreas , Koch Markus , Kursar Mischo , Kaufmann Stefan H. E.
Published: January 2011

Even though Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains one of the top microbial killers, more than 90% of the 2 billion infected individuals never develop active tuberculosis (TB), indicating efficient immune control of infection in these individuals. Immune mechanisms promoting either control or reactivation of TB are incompletely understood. Kinetic analyses of T‐cell responses against Mtb in C57BL/6 mice revealed surface expression of inducible co‐stimulatory molecule (ICOS) on >30% of all CD4+ T cells, suggesting a pivotal role of this costimulatory molecule of the CD28 family in TB control. Surprisingly, Mtb‐infected ICOS−/− mice showed lower bacterial burden during the late chronic stage of infection as compared to WT controls. ICOS deficiency resulted in a reduced Mtb‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response during late‐stage infection. In contrast, the polyclonal CD4+ Th1 response against Mtb was increased, most likely caused by diminished numbers and frequencies of Tregs. Thus, by altering effector T‐cell populations differentially, ICOS signaling modulates TB control in the late stage of infection.
Poly‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes derived from castor oil via ADMET polymerization
Authors: Kreye Oliver , Tóth Tommy , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: January 2011

10‐Undecenal, derived by pyrolysis and reduction from castor oil, was almost quantitatively transformed into the corresponding aldol condensation product under basic conditions. This α,ω‐diene monomer was polymerized using acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. In a catalyst screening, four of nine different ruthenium‐based metathesis catalysts showed good reactivity under neat conditions at 80°C in the presence of 1,4‐benzoquinone and polymers with molecular weights up to 11 kDa were formed. Furthermore, the 1H NMR spectra showed that the metathesis catalysts tolerate the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde function and due to the addition of benzoquinone, the degree of double bond isomerization was low. Further experiments investigating reduced catalyst amounts (down to 0.2 mol%) and the temperature dependence of these ADMET polymerizations gave also satisfying results for the formation of poly‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. Moreover, ADMET polymerizations with different amounts of methyl 10‐undecenoate as chain‐stopper were performed and the integrals of the corresponding 1H NMR spectra allowed the determination of an absolute degree of polymerization. Finally, a reduction of a poly‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde with sodium borohydride was accomplished. The resulting poly‐(allyl alcohol) could be a useful compound in the generation of polymer networks like polyesters, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates and thus be of high interest in materials research.
On the necessity of edible oil refining and possible sources of 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters
Authors: Pudel Frank , Benecke Patrick , Fehling Peer , Freudenstein Anne , Matthäus Bertrand , Schwaf Andrea
Published: January 2011

A framework of collaborating research facilities in Germany investigates the reasons and conditions for the formation of 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol esters (3‐MCPD‐E) and of glycidyl esters (GE) during edible oil refining. The aim is the derivation of technological parameters to prevent or to reduce, respectively, the formation of these contaminants during the refining process, particularly for palm oil, because the highest contents of 3‐MCPD‐E and related compounds were found in refined palm oils. A strong influence of the deodorization conditions was proven on the potential to form 3‐MCPD‐E and related compounds. Above 240°C an increased formation especially of GE was observed. Deodorization temperatures up to 240°C lead to moderate concentrations ≤5 ppm. Degumming with water, neutralization with potassium hydroxide and bleaching before deodorization is advantageous with regard to reduce the capability of vegetable oils to form the contaminants 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters.

Practical application: There is a strong demand to guarantee a stable and reliable quality of refined edible oils. The problem of 3‐MCPD and glycidyl ester formation during refining has shown the sensitivity of the system to small variations in the refining conditions. In a first step it is necessary to explain the contribution of the different refining steps to the formation of contaminants.
Evaluation of TP53 mutations with the AmpliChip p53 research test in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Correlation with clinical outcome and gene expression profiling
Authors: Chiaretti Sabina , Tavolaro Simona , Marinelli Marilisa , Messina Monica , Del Giudice Ilaria , Mauro Francesca Romana , Santangelo Simona , Piciocchi Alfonso , Peragine Nadia , Truong Sim , Patten Nancy , Ghia Emanuela Maria , Torrente Isabella , De Propris Maria Stefania , Nanni Mauro , Lawrence Jeff , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin
Published: January 2011

Given that TP53 alterations predict prognosis and response to therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), screening for TP53 mutations has an increasing role in patient management. TP53 direct sequencing is a time‐consuming method, while the AmpliChip p53 Research Test is a novel non time‐consuming microarray‐based resequencing assay and queries Exons 2–11. We evaluated the impact of TP53 mutations on clinical outcome by analyzing 98 untreated CLL using the AmpliChip p53 Research Test and direct sequencing and performed microarrays analysis on TP53 mutated and/or deleted cases. The AmpliChip p53 Research Test detected 17 mutations in 14 patients (17.3%); a significant association between TP53 mutations and del(17p) was recorded. From a clinical standpoint, a higher percentage of mutation was found in CLL with unfavorable outcome (17.2% vs. 7.1% in progressive vs. stable cases). Detection of TP53 mutations by the AmpliChip p53 Research Test was associated with a significantly worse survival (P = 0.0002). Comparison of the array and direct sequencing tests showed that the p53 Research Test detected more mutations, although it failed to identify two microdeletions. Finally, microarrays analysis showed a more distinctive signature associated with del(17p) than with TP53 mutations, likely due to a concomitant gene dosage effect. The AmpliChip p53 Research Test is a straightforward method that bears prognostic value. This study confirms a high percentage of TP53 mutations in CLL with unfavorable outcome and a significant association between TP53 aberrations and del(17p). Finally, specific gene expression profiles are recognized for TP53 alterations. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A coupled sediment routing and lateral migration model for gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Raven Emma K. , Ferguson Rob , Lane Stuart N.
Published: January 2011

We describe additions made to a multi‐size sediment routing model enabling it to simulate width adjustment simultaneously alongside bed aggradation/incision and fining/coarsening. The model is intended for use in single thread gravel‐bed rivers over annual to decadal timescales and for reach lengths of 1–10 km. It uses a split‐channel approach with separate calculations of flow and sediment transport in the left and right sides of the channel. Bank erosion is treated as a function of excess shear stress with bank accretion occurring when shear stress falls below a second, low, threshold. A curvature function redistributes shear stress to either side of the channel. We illustrate the model through applications to a 5·6‐km reach of the upper River Wharfe in northern England. The sediment routing component with default parameter values gives excellent agreement with field data on downstream fining and down‐reach reduction in bedload flux, and the width‐adjustment components with approximate calibration to match maximum observed rates of bank shifting give plausible patterns of local change. The approach may be useful for exploring interactions between sediment delivery, river management and channel change in upland settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water reservoirs and the risk of accidental flood occurrence. Case study: Stanca–Costesti reservoir and the historical floods of the Prut river in the period July–August 2008, Romania
Authors: Romanescu Gheorghe , Stoleriu Cristian , Romanescu Ana‐Maria
Published: January 2011

In the summer of 2008 the Prut river recorded a historical flow of 7140 m3/s at its entrance into Romania. This flow was the highest ever recorded of any Romanian river. The high value was generated by high amounts of rainfall recorded first on the territory of Ukraine and then in Romania. Unfortunately, there were some discrepancies between the data transmitted and intercepted from the Meteorology National Agency and Hydrology and Water Management National Agency. This is why the amount of precipitation which fell over the territory of Ukraine could not be monitored in time and punctually. Nor could the high flood wave moving rapidly from the upper basin to the lower basin. The high flow of the upper Prut caused the accumulation of an immense quantity of water in the Stanca–Costesti reservoir. Under the conditions of precipitation occurring in the lower river basin as well, the levels reached the flood quota and the reservoir reached the maximum accepted capacity, with 0·1% insurance. The release of supplementary water quantities from the reservoir would have produced catastrophic floods downstream. Keeping the water in the reservoir could have broken it and the flooding, through backwater eddies, or the riverbank settlements. In such a case, it would have produced the greatest tragedy in the hydrological history of Europe. The most significant damage was produced upstream of the barrage, next to the localities of Radauti Prut and Baranca–Hudesti, as well as in the area of the reservoir, as a result of the phenomenon known as ‘remuu’, or backwater eddies. The floods of the Prut river occurred between the end of July and the end of August. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentials for infant mental health: Congress themes and moral development
Authors: Emde Robert N.
Published: January 2011

Themes of the Congress carried forward the pioneering contributions of Rene Spitz and Takeo Doi. Contributions to infant mental health included those dealing with: (a) relatedness, (b) positive rewards of infancy, (c) disruptions of relatedness and rewards, (d) assessments, and (e) interventions. Contributions from infant mental health and bridging to the future included those regarding: (a) prevention, (b) policy, and (c) advances for science and practice. Knowledge from infant mental health is seen to fill a gap in our current moral discourse. Biologically based, universal moral processes of reciprocity and empathy develop in infancy, with regulation from parenting. Parenting, suffering under conditions of deprivation and adversity, can benefit from interventions designed to promote positive outcomes for conduct. Implications stem from a wider awareness of global needs. An expressed resolve of many is to provide consultation for regions needing our help and to formulate a declaration of infant rights for guiding actions.
Akachan ni Kanpai! Celebrating the baby: Baby, family, culture
Authors: Watanabe Hisako
Published: January 2011

“Akachan ni Kanpai! Celebrating the Baby: Baby, Family, Culture” was the theme of the 11th World Congress of the World Association for Infant Mental Health (August 2008). It denotes every baby's right to be blessed from the beginning of life, whether the baby is healthy, ill, disabled, or born into unwelcoming social contexts. Across the world, modern families of the 21st century face increasingly stressful lives. Japan, with a rapid postwar social change, has yielded increasing cases of postnatal depression and abuse, alerting her to reevaluate amae, a cultural affinity for interdependency. Amae, as studied by Takeo Doi, originates in the mother‐‐infant relationship and is carried through into adulthood characterizing Japanese mentality. The Japanese values for things simple, small, slow, and silent are typical in the art of haiku and Noh, but also render significant in infant mental health. Infants born under impossible conditions, such as those born extremely small and with congenital anomalies, survive through simple, sincere, sensitive care imbued with respect to their subtle signs. Their narratives of slow and steady progress from despair to a loving family context urge us to say “Akachan ni Kanpai” to countless infants worldwide whose voices are yet to be heard.
Maternal and infant behavior and context associations with mutual emotion availability
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Hahn Chun‐Shin , Suwalsky Joan T. D. , Haynes O. Maurice
Published: January 2011

Emotional availability (EA) is a prominent index of mutual socioemotional adaptation in the parent–infant dyad. This study examines zero‐order and unique associations of multiple maternal and infant behavior and context indicators to variation in aspects of EA in mothers and their young infants. The associations to each were explored in separate analyses for maternal sensitivity and infant responsiveness in 369 European American mothers and their firstborn 5½‐month‐olds. Beyond zero‐order relations, robust regression analyses revealed differentiated patterns of unique relations of mother and infant behavior and context indicators to the EA dimensions of maternal sensitivity and infant responsiveness. Although potential behavior and context relations to EA are many, prominent relations to maternal sensitivity and infant responsiveness are few, and patterns of association vary for the two dimensions of EA. Adequate EA is fundamental to a healthy parent–infant relationship, and understanding the behavior and context indicators associated with EA is fundamental to its enhancement.
Giardia intestinalis escapes oxidative stress by colonizing the small intestine: A molecular hypothesis
Authors: Mastronicola Daniela , Giuffrè Alessandro , Testa Fabrizio , Mura Antonella , Forte Elena , Bordi Eugenio , Pucillo Leopoldo Paolo , Fiori Pier Luigi , Sarti Paolo
Published: January 2011

Giardia intestinalis is the microaerophilic protozoon causing giardiasis, a common infectious intestinal disease. Giardia possesses an O2‐scavenging activity likely essential for survival in the host. We report that Giardia trophozoites express the O2‐detoxifying flavodiiron protein (FDP), detected by immunoblotting, and are able to reduce O2 to H2O rapidly (∼3 μM O2 × min × 106 cells at 37 °C) and with high affinity (C50 = 3.4 ± 0.7 μM O2). Following a short‐term (minutes) exposure to H2O2 ≥ 100 μM, the O2 consumption by the parasites is irreversibly impaired, and the FDP undergoes a degradation, prevented by the proteasome‐inhibitor MG132. Instead, H2O2 does not cause degradation or inactivation of the isolated FDP. On the basis of the elevated susceptibility of Giardia to oxidative stress, we hypothesize that the parasite preferentially colonizes the small intestine since, compared with colon, it is characterized by a greater capacity for redox buffering and a lower propensity to oxidative stress. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(1): 21–25, 2011
What clinical psychologists know about evidence‐based practice: familiarity with online resources and research methods
Authors: Berke David M. , Rozell Cassandra A. , Hogan Thomas P. , Norcross John C. , Karpiak Christie P.
Published: January 2011

Evidence‐based practice (EBP) requires that practitioners routinely access, appraise, and utilize the best available research. We surveyed a representative sample of the Society of Clinical Psychology; 549 psychologists (response rate = 46%) reported their frequency of engaging in EBP when offering psychological services, rated their current knowledge of 12 online research resources, and evaluated their current knowledge of 12 research methods and designs. These psychologists reported, on average, using EBP in 73.1% of their psychological services. With the exception of PsycINFO and MEDLINE, clinical psychologists related low to moderate knowledge of online research resources. By contrast, these psychologists reported considerable knowledge of most research methods and designs, except for odds ratios and structural equation modeling. Psychologists' theoretical orientation, clinical experience, and employment setting predicted knowledge of both online resources and research designs. We discuss the educational and practice ramifications of these results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–11, 2011.
Classical 18.5‐and 21.5‐kDa isoforms of myelin basic protein inhibit calcium influx into oligodendroglial cells, in contrast to golli isoforms
Authors: Smith Graham S.T. , Paez Pablo M. , Spreuer Vilma , Campagnoni Celia W. , Boggs Joan M. , Campagnoni Anthony T. , Harauz George
Published: January 2011

The myelin basic protein (MBP) family arises from different transcription start sites of the golli (gene of oligodendrocyte lineage) complex, with further variety generated by differential splicing. The “classical” MBP isoforms are peripheral membrane proteins that facilitate compaction of the mature myelin sheath but also have multiple protein interactions. The early developmental golli isoforms have previously been shown to promote process extension and enhance Ca2+ influx into primary and immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines. Here, we have performed similar studies with the classical 18.5‐ and 21.5‐kDa isoforms of MBP. In contrast to golli proteins, overexpression of classical MBP isoforms significantly reduces Ca2+ influx in the oligodendrocyte cell line N19 as well as in primary cultures of oligodendroglial progenitor cells. Pharmacological experiments demonstrate that this effect is mediated by voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels (VOCCs) and not by ligand‐gated Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The pseudo‐deiminated 18.5‐kDa and the full‐length 21.5‐kDa isoforms do not reduce Ca2+ influx as much as the unmodified 18.5‐kDa isoform. However, more efficient membrane localization (of overexpressed, pseudo‐deiminated 18.5‐kDa and 21.5‐kDa isoforms of classical MBP containing the 21‐nt 3′‐untranslated region transit signal) further reduces the Ca2+ response after plasma membrane depolarization, suggesting that binding of classical MBP isoforms to the plasma membrane is important for modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Furthermore, we have found that the mature 18.5‐kDa isoform expressed in oligodendrocytes colocalizes with VOCCs, particularly at the leading edge of extending membrane processes. In summary, our findings suggest a key role for classical MBP proteins in regulating voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane of oligodendroglial cells and thus also in regulation of multiple developmental stages in this cell lineage. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of COX‐2 and NMDA receptor genes at the cochlea and midbrain in salicylate‐induced tinnitus
Authors: Hwang Juen‐Haur , Chen Jin‐Cherng , Yang Shan‐Ying , Wang Ming‐Fu , Liu Tien‐Chen , Chan Yin‐Ching
Published: January 2011

Objective/Hypothesis:

The expression of the genes for cyclooxygenase (COX) and NMDA receptor (NR) has seldom been reported in tinnitus. We hypothesized that expression of COX‐2 and NR was altered in the cochlea and midbrain in salicylate‐induced tinnitus.

Study Design:

Experimental study on mice.

Methods:

We evaluated the tinnitus score and mRNA expression levels of COX‐2 and NR subtype 2B (NR2B) in the cochlea and midbrain in response to intraperitoneal injections of salicylate for 4 days.

Results:

At day 4 of tinnitus induction, the mean weights of the whole body and midbrain did not change greatly in both control and salicylate groups. The tinnitus score was not elevated from day 1 to day 4 in the control group, but increased day by day in the salicylate group. The mRNA expression level of COX‐2 decreased slightly in the salicylate group in the cochlea (1.1 ± 0.33 vs. 1.3 ± 0.49, P = .0752) and in the midbrain (0.9 ± 0.10 versus 1.0 ± 0.35, P = .0489). Inversely, the expression levels of the NR2B gene increased moderately in the salicylate group in the cochlea (3.7 ± 0.47 versus 2.3 ± 1.13, P < 0.0001) and in the midbrain (1.6 ± 0.64 versus 1.0 ± 0.44, P = .0007).

Conclusions:

Salicylate induced tinnitus and altered the expression of the COX‐2 and NR2B genes in the cochlea and midbrain of mice. These findings might contribute to further understanding of pathophysiology and therapy of tinnitus. Laryngoscope, 2011
Endoscopic surgical management of vidian nerve schwannoma
Authors: Hackman Trevor , Rickert Charles G. , Getz Anne E. , Uppaluri Ravindra
Published: January 2011

Vidian nerve schwannomas are highly unusual, with only two reported cases in the world literature, and present with a constellation of symptoms that may be extremely vague. In the reported cases, open techniques have been utilized that required significant dismantling of the midfacial skeleton to access and manage these skull base lesions. Over the last 15 years, a paradigm shift in base of skull surgery has evolved with the advent of transnasal endoscopic techniques and instrumentation, improved surgical access and resectability of most skull‐based pathologies, including vidian nerve lesions as reported here. We describe the varied clinical presentation and radiologic findings in two patients with such rare lesions. In addition, in one of these patients, we report on the first use of an expanded endonasal technique to access and remove vidian nerve schwannomas entirely endoscopically.
Systematic review of topical vasoconstrictors in endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Higgins Thomas S. , Hwang Peter H. , Kingdom Todd T. , Orlandi Richard R. , Stammberger Heinz , Han Joseph K.
Published: January 2011

Objective:

The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature and examine the safety for the use of topical vasoconstrictors in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Study Design:

Systematic review clinical trials.

Method:

A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and National Guideline Clearinghouse, and references in the selected articles.

Results:

The search criteria captured 42 manuscripts with relevant titles. A systematic review on the topical use of phenylephrine was found; however, no other systematic review, meta‐analyses, or clinical guidelines were identified. Six randomized clinical trials or comparative studies, as well as multiple case reports and review articles were also identified. The literature supports the safety of oxymetazoline and epinephrine when used judiciously in carefully selected patients undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery; however, topical phenylephrine is not recommended because of its risk profile.

Conclusion:

In sinus or nasal surgery, topical vasoconstrictors should be used in a manner that minimizes the risk of cardiovascular morbidity.
Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty: A minimally invasive technique
Authors: Saliba Issam , Woods Owen
Published: January 2011

Objectives:

Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty (HAFGM) is a new technique for tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) treatment. It is simple, inexpensive, and performed under local anesthesia at the outpatient office department. We aim to evaluate the HAFGM on different TMP sizes, to compare the success rate of HAFGM with the underlay and overlay techniques, and to assess the hearing improvement at one year postoperatively.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Patients were divided into three groups depending on the patient's choice of technique: HAFGM (group I), underlay technique (group II), and overlay technique (group III). Perforations were classified into four grades. Postoperatively, the status of the eardrum, the improvement of hearing, and the incidence of complications were the main criteria for measuring outcome.

Results:

Distribution of TMP was 131, 63, and 52 in group I, II, and III, respectively. Global successful rate and successful closure of the grade I, II, III, and IV were the same for the three groups. Postoperatively, no worsening of bone conduction threshold was noted. Air‐bone gap (ABG) was statistically similar for the three groups. No complications were noted for group I. The mean duration of the operative procedures was 16, 65, and 74 minutes for group I, II, and III, respectively (P= .02). The mean postoperative follow‐up was 18.7, 20.6, and 15.5 months for groups I, II, and III, respectively.

Conclusions:

HAFGM success rate is comparable to that of the underlay and overlay techniques. Furthermore, it requires no hospitalization and avoids the difficulty of overlay and underlay tympanoplasty.
Two cases of petrosquamosal sinus in the temporal bone presented as perioperative finding
Authors: Yong‐Hwi An  , Wee Jee Hye , Han Kyu‐Hee , Kim Young Ho
Published: January 2011

The petrosquamosal (PSS) is an embryonic emissary vein of the temporal bone in humans and connects the intra‐ and extracranial venous networks. Few reports in the recent literature provide detailed descriptions of PSSs that are found before or during surgeries. We report the presence of PSS in two patients with chronic otitis media. An abnormal vessel was found originating from the sigmoid sinus of each patient. The vessels coursed anteroinferiorly over the superior portion of the temporal bone and terminated near the posterior part of the temporomandibular joint. The clinical significance of PSS and a brief literature review are presented.
Personality, Life Events and the Course of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Spinhoven Philip , Roelofs Karin , Hovens Jacqueline GFM , Elzinga Bernet M , van Oppen Patricia , Zitman Frans G , Penninx Brenda WJH
Published: January 2011

Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we examined among 1322 participants with a DSM–IV diagnosis of depression or anxiety: (i) whether positive and negative life events influence 1–year course of anxiety and depressive symptoms; (ii) whether personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) predict symptom course and moderate the impact of life events on symptom course; and (iii) whether life events mediate relationships of neuroticism and extraversion with symptom course. Negative life events were predictive of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, while positive life events predicted the course of depressive symptoms only. Personality traits had significant predictive and moderating effects on symptom course, though these effects were rather small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of oxygen clustering in Czochralski silicon at 450 °C–800 °C: correlation with thermal donors formation
Authors: Moumni B. , Ben Jaballah A. , Aouida S. , Bessaïs B.
Published: January 2011

The understanding of the generation‐annihilation phenomena of oxygen‐related thermal donors (TDs) in p‐type Czochralski silicon is of great importance for device fabrication and operation in microelectronic and photovoltaic industry. In this work, we report on oxygen clustering‐based activation and partial annihilation of TDs in Cz‐Si submitted to thermal annealing under nitrogen at 450 °C‐800 °C for different thermal plateau exceeding 4 hours. The effect of thermal annealing on interstitial oxygen and dimer (Oi and O2i) vibration modes appearing in the 580 cm‐1‐500 cm‐1 spectral range is studied. We found that heat treatment at 450°C and 650 °C give rise to new thermal donors (NDs) that are located at 540 cm‐1 and 532 cm‐1, respectively. Subsequent to heat treatment above 650 °C, we depict the formation of new thermal oxygen defects having an IR signature in the 1800 cm‐1‐1500 cm‐1 spectral range, and which are especially sensitive to the thermal treatment duration. Resistivity measurements confirm that several of them are electrically active. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatially resolved lifetime measurements of silicon heterojunctions from the modulated photoluminescence technique
Authors: Favre W. , Kleider J.‐P. , Muñoz D. , Martin‐de‐Nicolás S. , Ribeyron P.‐J.
Published: January 2011

Lifetime measurements are widely used both in research and industry as material and passivation quality characterization tools for silicon solar cells. Some of them combine spatial resolution together with mapping ability, which provides attractive and valuable images that lead for instance to a quick determination of poor regions of a sample. Here, we focus on microwave photoconductance decay (µ‐PCD) and band‐to‐band photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed either in static or in modulated mode. Results are obtained on n‐type crystalline silicon wafers passivated with intrinsic and doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin layers deposited on both faces by PECVD. In a first step we compare the static PL signal mapping and the µ‐PCD lifetime mapping. In a second step, the static PL signal is correlated to the effective carrier lifetime deduced from modulated PL measurements. This allows us to transform the static PL signal into an effective carrier lifetime, and thus to provide a PL carrier lifetime mapping that can be directly compared to that obtained from µ‐PCD. The lifetime mappings obtained in this way from both techniques are discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interaction of hydrogen and deuterium with radiation defects introduced in silicon by high‐energy helium irradiation
Authors: Komarnitskyy Volodymyr , Hazdra Pavel , Buršíková Vilma
Published: January 2011

Interaction of hydrogen and deuterium with radiation defects introduced by irradiation with high‐energy alphas was investigated in the low–doped float zone and Czochralski silicon forming the base of p+nn+ diodes. To create localized defect layer, diodes were first irradiated with 2.4 MeV alphas to a fluence of 1x1010 cm‐2. Then, hydrogen or deuterium was introduced by rf plasma treatment at 250 °C and diodes were isochronally annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 ºC. Reactions of hydrogen and deuterium with radiation defects were monitored by deep‐level transient spectroscopy.

Results show that hydrogen rf plasma effectively neutralizes majority of vacancy related defects created by alpha‐particle irradiation in both materials. In contrast with it, neutralization by deuterium plasma is substantially weaker. Disappearing of vacancy‐related defect levels due to hydrogen (deuterium) is accompanied by introduction of two dominant deep levels at EC–0.309 eV and EC–0.365 eV. While hydrogenation significantly accelerates annealing of radiation defects, deuteration has weaker effect and gives rise to new defect levels during annealing (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles calculation on screw defects at Si(110)/(100) interface
Authors: Kariyazaki Hiroaki , Aoki Tatsuhiko , Izunome Koji , Sueoka Koji
Published: January 2011

Direct silicon bonded (DSB) substrates with (110)/(100) hybrid orientation are promising for high‐performance bulk complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology. We have studied the interfacial structure of the Si (110)/(100) paralleling each 〈110〉 direction, including screw defects, by first‐principles calculation. The screw defects were characterized by analysing the atomic configuration and the chemical bonding. Furthermore, the periodicity of the screw defects is discussed in comparison the experimental results (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN MOSFET with a gate SiO2 insulator deposited by silane‐based plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ao Jin‐Ping , Nakatani Katsutoshi , Sogawa Yuji , Akamatsu Shiro , Kim Young Hyun , Miyashita Takahiro , Motoyama Shin‐ichi , Ohno Yasuo
Published: January 2011

GaN metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) with a silane‐based SiO2 insulator deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were demonstrated using an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field‐effect transistor (HFET) structure as the source and drain regions. Operation up to a gate voltage of 15 V was realized at an ignorable gate leakage current. To investigate the effects of annealing on the device performance, the samples were thermally treated at 850 or 1000 °C for 10 minutes in oxygen or nitrogen ambient. We found that the electron mobility and the interface state density were improved by a thermal treatment at 1000 °C in nitrogen ambient. A maximum field‐effect mobility of approximately 137 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 at an interface state density of 2.21×1011 cm‐2 eV‐1 was obtained. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)