bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating dignity principles into practice for continence care for older people in care homes: A study protocol
Authors: Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Dunning Trisha , Dickson‐Swift Virginia
Published: August 2020

Aim

To develop, implement, evaluate, and disseminate an evidence‐based, person‐centred education program to protect the dignity of care‐dependent older people with dementia and continence care needs in care homes.

Design

A mixed method two‐phase design underpinned by integrated knowledge translation.

Methods

An education program that frames dignity as the main goal of continence care will be co‐designed with a purposive sample of care home staff who provide or supervise continence care for care‐dependent older people with dementia in care homes and resident relatives. The program will then be implemented and evaluated in a representative sample of care home staff to determine its clinical relevance, feasibility, acceptability, and effects on staff ratings of dignity in continence care; self‐reported continence care practices and the person centeredness of the environment. Data analysis will include descriptive statistics (survey data) and thematic analysis (focus groups). Funding obtained November 2018. Ethics approval obtained May 2019.

Discussion

This protocol outlines a mixed methods integrated knowledge translation protocol designed to translate principles about dignity into practice to improve the care of older people who are at risk of violations to their dignity in care homes. The outcome will be a contextually appropriate, evidence‐based education program that protects the dignity of care‐dependent older people who have dementia and continence care needs.

Impact

Based on a sound theoretical model, the education program will be contextually appropriate for use in the care homes setting and contribute to improving the overall quality and safety of care in this setting. It could also support and inform continence care for other individuals who are care dependent. Adopting an integrated knowledge translation approach to the design and delivery of the education program and piloting it will ensure the program is contextually relevant and sustainable.
Research trends and hotspots in caregiver studies: A bibliometric and scientometric analysis of nursing journals
Authors: Dong Jianyu , Wei Wenqi , Wang Canfei , Fu Ying , Li Yuan , Li Jiaxin , Peng Xin
Published: August 2020

Aims

To explore the intellectual landscape of care‐giving studies and identify research trends and hotspots in this field.

Design

A bibliometric and scientometric analysis of care‐giving literature was undertaken from January ‐ February 2020.

Methods

CiteSpace was used to analyse research published between 1900 ‐ 2019. A references‐based co‐citation analysis was used to identify the intellectual landscape of care‐giving research. A keywords‐based co‐occurrence analysis with citation bursts was used to explore research hotspots and frontiers. Lastly, a co‐authorship network analysis was used to identify co‐operation among authors, countries, and institutions.

Results

There has been an increasing trend in the number of publications on care‐giving research with light fluctuations. Relevant literature mainly focused on the fields of oncology and psychiatry. The keywords‐based analysis indicated that the main research targets had previously been informal caregivers of patients with stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. In recent years, focus has shifted onto informal caregivers of patients with cancer, heart failure, and those at end‐of‐life.

Conclusion

This bibliometric and scientometric analysis helps us understand the current state of caregiver research and its recent developments.

Impact

Caregivers’ mental health and care experience have become research hotspots.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

This research allows the development of future research on care‐giving.

Future researchers should explore effective interventions for the health of patient–caregiver dyads.
A novel technique—Prophylactic septal radiofrequency ablation to prevent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve replacement (RADIO‐TMVR)
Authors: Killu Ammar M. , Guerrero Mayra , Siontis Konstantinos C. , El Sabbagh Abdallah , Eleid Mackram F. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Rihal Charanjit , Asirvatham Samuel J.
Published: August 2020

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) with off‐label use of aortic balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves has emerged as a therapeutic option in high‐surgical risk patients with severe mitral annular calcification. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction post valve deployment is a major limitation. We describe a case of septal reduction therapy using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) when established methods of septal reduction were either ineffective or not feasible. RFA permitted successful enlargement of the LVOT area and subsequent TMVR.
Efficacy of whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine: A double‐blind controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Meireles Sônia Saeger , de Sousa Jossaria Pereira , Lins Rodrigo Barros Esteves , Sampaio Fábio Correia
Published: August 2020

Objective

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a blue‐covarine whitening toothpaste on tooth bleaching.

Subjects and methods

Seventy‐five subjects with shade mean C1 or darker were randomized into three groups (n = 25): CT‐conventional toothpaste, WT‐whitening toothpaste, and CP10‐10% carbamide peroxide. Subjects from CT and WT brushed their teeth twice/day for 2 weeks. CP10 used bleaching gel for 4 hours/night for 2 weeks. Tooth shade and CIELab parameters were measured at baseline, after the first application, 2‐ and 4‐week. ΔE*ab and ΔE00 were calculated. Subjects' perception about tooth color appearance, tooth sensitivity (TS), and gingival irritation (GI) were also assessed.

Results

At all evaluation periods, it was not observed differences between WT and CT considering tooth shade (P > 0.7) or CIELab parameters (P > 0.3). At 2‐ and 4‐week, ΔE*ab and ΔE00 were higher for CP10 than WT or CT (P = 0.001). WT and CT reported major dissatisfaction with tooth color appearance than CP10 (P = 0.001). At 1‐ and 2‐week, WT experienced GI and TS similar to CT, both lower than CP10 (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

There were no significant differences in the whitening efficacy between whitening and conventional toothpastes. Neither of the dentifrices was as effective as at‐home bleaching.

Clinical significance

The silica‐based toothpaste containing blue covarine evaluated in this study did not give significant tooth whitening benefits over 2 weeks of use.
Anterior enterocele immediately after cystectomy: A case report
Authors: Okada Yoshiyuki , Matsubara Eiji , Nomura Yukiko , Nemoto Tetsuo , Nagatsuka Masaaki , Yoshimura Yasukuni
Published: August 2020

An enterocele is a peritoneal herniation through or into the vagina, typically as a posterior enterocele, which develops in the rectovaginal space (pouch of Douglas or cul‐de‐sac). An anterior enterocele in the vesicovaginal space is a rare condition, but a possible complication after cystectomy or hysterectomy. Herein, we report a rare case of anterior enterocele after cystectomy, which required semi‐urgent intervention. The patient was a 78‐year‐old woman (gravida 2, para 2) who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma 3 months earlier. Vaginal examination showed a large stage‐3 anterior enterocele without the covering vaginal wall. A transvaginal surgery was performed to repair the vagina. Mesh and Martius flaps were needed to repair the vaginal defect. In conclusion, an anterior enterocele must be suspected when pelvic organ prolapse occurs after cystectomy, and surgical repair should be performed as soon as possible because an enterocele that lacks vaginal wall covering is at high risk of rupture.
Addressing Equity in Rural Schools: Opportunities and Challenges for School Meal Standards Implementation
Authors: Asada Yuka , Mitric Svetlana , Chriqui Jamie F.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Few studies examine why rural public schools have weaker policies and practices related to school nutrition environments compared to their urban counterparts. It is important to understand this disparity because federal school meal standards aim for children to access health‐promoting nutrition environments. In this study, we identify challenges and opportunities for the implementation of school meal standards in rural high schools.

METHODS

We interviewed 38 rural school professionals from 22 high schools across 7 states. School professionals included food service directors, principals, school nurses, and teachers. Team coding in Atlas.ti Qualitative Data Analysis software v8 and principles of comparative analysis were employed to generate themes related to challenges and opportunities.

RESULTS

Overall, school professionals described improvements with implementation experiences and student acceptance over time. Key challenges included the negative influences of home and community food environments and limited staff size and capacity. Key opportunities involved joining co‐ops to enhance purchasing power, leveraging state technical assistance, and forming external partnerships.

CONCLUSIONS

This study offers insights from a broad range of rural school professionals' implementation experiences. The findings can inform governments and technical assistance agencies working with rural schools and school districts to facilitate implementation and sustainability of initiatives.
Sidewinder gait in horses
Authors: Aleman Monica , Berryhill Emily , Woolard Kevin , Easton‐Jones Charlotte A. , Kozikowski‐Nicholas Tania , Dyson Sue , Kilcoyne Isabelle
Published: August 2020

Background

Sidewinder gait in horses is poorly understood and characterized by walking with the trunk and pelvic limbs drifting to 1 side.

Hypothesis/objectives

To report causes, clinical and diagnostic features.

Animals

Horses examined at 2 institutions.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective study (2000‐2019). Cases with sidewinder gait, neurological and orthopedic examination, and diagnostic work up or postmortem evaluation were included. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results

Twenty‐four horses (mean age 18.9 years) of various breeds and both sexes were included. Onset was acute (N = 10), subacute (N = 6), and insidious (N = 8). Electromyography and muscle biopsy supported neurologic disease and further aided in localizing site of lesion (N = 9/9). Neurologic causes included dynamic thoracolumbar spinal cord compression (N = 5), equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (N = 4, confirmed and presumed [2 each]), thoracic myelopathy of unknown etiology (N = 4), gliosis (N = 2), and thrombosis of thoracic spinal cord segments (N = 1). Non‐neurologic causes included osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral joint (N = 4), multiple displaced pelvic fractures (N = 2), bilateral rupture of theligamentum capitis ossis femoris(N = 1), and severe myonecrosis of multiple pelvic limb muscles (N = 1). Case fatality was 79%.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Sidewinder gait is usually observed in older horses and can have neurologic or musculoskeletal etiologies. Electromyography can be used as a diagnostic aid to determine neurologic versus non‐neurologic disease and further localize those of neurologic origin. The condition often has a poor prognosis for function and life.
Gastrointestinal pharmacology: practical tips for the esophagologist
Authors: Scarpignato Carmelo , Sloan Joshua A. , Wang David H. , Hunt Richard H.
Published: August 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is primarily a motor disorder, and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. As a consequence, treatment should be able to address the underlying pathophysiology. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstay of medical therapy for GERD, but these drugs only provide the control of symptoms and lesions without curing the disease. However, continuous acid suppression with PPIs is recommended for patients with Barrett's esophagus because of their potential chemopreventive effects. In addition to the antisecretory activity, these compounds display several pharmacological properties, often overlooked in clinical practice. PPIs can indeed affect gastric motility, exert a mucosal protective effect, and an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antineoplastic activity, also protecting cancer cells from developing chemo‐ or radiotherapeutic resistance. Even in the third millennium, current pharmacologic approaches to address GERD are limited. Reflux inhibitors represent a promise unfulfilled, effective and safe prokinetics are lacking, and antidepressants, despite being effective in selected patients, give rise to adverse events in a large proportion of them. While waiting for new drug classes (like potassium‐competitive acid blockers), reassessing old drugs (namely alginate‐containing formulations), and paving the new avenue of esophageal mucosal protection are, at the present time, the only reliable alternatives to acid suppression.
Cycling projects in low‐income communities: Exploring community perceptions of Te Ara Mua – Future Streets
Authors: Thorne Rebekah , Wild Kirsty , Woodward Alistair , Mackie Hamish
Published: August 2020

The cycling priorities and experiences of low‐income communities have traditionally received less research attention. This paper explores community perceptions of new cycling infrastructure within the Te Ara Mua – Future Streets project in the low‐cycling, low‐income, predominantly Pacific neighbourhood of Māngere Central, Auckland. Themes from seven key informant interviews and three focus groups included: local cycling norms; socio‐economic barriers; appreciation of the new community walking and cycling trail; desire for connectivity beyond the neighbourhood; concerns about on‐road bike lanes; support for local cycling champions; and tensions between views of the project as “experimentation” versus “investment.” We explore the implications of these findings for cycling promotion in Aotearoa.
Anti‐hypertensive treatment in the immediate post‐operative period and 1 year after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Kerstein Jason S. , Donovan Denis J. , Zinn Matthew D. , Richmond Marc E. , Cheung Eva W. , Addonizio Linda J. , Zuckerman Warren A.
Published: August 2020

Hypertension is a known complication of pediatric heart transplantation. We sought to identify factors associated with anti‐hypertensive use in pediatric heart transplant recipients immediately post‐transplant and oral anti‐hypertensive use at discharge and 1‐year post‐transplant. Retrospective chart review was conducted of patients ≤18 years who underwent heart transplantation at two major heart transplant centers between August 1, 2009 and December 31, 2017 with ≥1‐year follow‐up. Exclusion criteria included re‐transplant, multi‐organ recipients, survival <1 year, and comorbidities associated with hypertension. Anti‐hypertensive use was recorded during initial ICU stay, at discharge, and 1‐year post‐transplant. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined associations of demographic and diagnostic factors and need for anti‐hypertensives. There were 188 patients that met inclusion criteria. Anti‐hypertensive infusions were required in the ICU post‐transplant in 46 patients (24.5%) for a median of 3 days (1‐21 days). Oral anti‐hypertensives were required in 58 patients (30.9%) at discharge and 1‐year post‐transplant. Anti‐hypertensive infusion in the ICU post‐transplant was associated with donor‐to‐recipient weight ratio. Oral anti‐hypertensive use at discharge was associated with weight ratio and pretransplant VAD use, and at 1‐year, post‐transplant was associated with age at transplant, steroid use at discharge, and oral anti‐hypertensive use at discharge. Hypertension is common immediately following and 1‐year post‐transplant. Weight ratio was the only independent predictor of anti‐hypertensive use in the early post‐transplant period, whereas VAD use was also associated with anti‐hypertensive use at discharge. Anti‐hypertensive use 1‐year post‐transplant was not associated with those factors, but rather with age at transplant and steroid use.
Demonstrating the Benefits of Predictive Bayesian Dose–Response Relationships Using Six Exposure Studies ofCryptosporidium parvum
Authors: Bloetscher Frederick , Meeroff Daniel , Long Sharon C. , Dudle Jeanine D.
Published: August 2020

A conventional dose–response function can be refitted as additional data become available. A predictive dose–response function in contrast does not require a curve‐fitting step, only additional data and presents the unconditional probabilities of illness, reflecting the level of information it contains. In contrast, the predictive Bayesian dose–response function becomes progressively less conservative as more information is included. This investigation evaluated the potential for using predictive Bayesian methods to develop a dose–response for human infection that improves on existing models, to show how predictive Bayesian statistical methods can utilize additional data, and expand the Bayesian methods for a broad audience including those concerned about an oversimplification of dose–response curve use in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). This study used a dose–response relationship incorporating six separate data sets forCryptosporidium parvum. A Pareto II distribution with known priors was applied to one of the six data sets to calibrate the model, while the others were used for subsequent updating. While epidemiological principles indicate that local variations, host susceptibility, and organism strain virulence may vary, the six data sets all appear to be well characterized using the Bayesian approach. The adaptable model was applied to an existing data set forCampylobacter jejunifor model validation purposes, which yielded results that demonstrate the ability to analyze a dose–response function with limited data using and update those relationships with new data. An analysis of the goodness of fit compared to the beta‐Poisson methods also demonstrated correlation between the predictive Bayesian model and the data.
The Role of Decision Analysis in Risk Analysis: A Retrospective
Authors: Bier Vicki
Published: August 2020

In commemorating the 40th anniversary of Risk Analysis, this article takes a retrospective look at some of the ways in which decision analysis (as a “sibling field”) has contributed to the development both of the journal, and of risk analysis as a field. I begin with some early foundational papers from the first decade of the journal's history. I then review a number of papers that have applied decision analysis to risk problems over the years, including applications of related methods such as influence diagrams, multicriteria decision analysis, and risk matrices. The article then reviews some recent trends, from roughly the last five years, and concludes with observations about the parallel evolution of risk analysis and decision analysis over the decades—especially with regard to the importance of representing multiple stakeholder perspectives, and the importance of behavioral realism in decision models. Overall, the extensive literature surveyed here supports the view that the incorporation of decision‐analytic perspectives has improved the practice of risk analysis.
Fertility and pregnancy in Iranian thalassemia patients: An update on transfusion complications
Authors: Takhviji Vahideh , Zibara Kazem , Azarkeivan Azita , Mehrvar Nastaran , Mehrvar Narjes , Mezginejad Fatemeh , Khosravi Abbas
Published: August 2020

Background

Despite the significant advances in thalassemia pathobiology and efficacy of chelation regimens, complications of transfusion therapy have attenuated the reproductive health of thalassemia patients. Depending on clinical profiles, we aimed to assess the fertility status and stresses among thalassemia patients who desired to have children.

Material and methods

A total of 213 couples in reproductive ages were enrolled in this study in Tehran. Patients' demographic, clinical, fertility and spouse's health status were documented. We evaluated the pituitary‐gonadal axis, serum ferritin, liver enzymes, and alloimmunization before planning a pregnancy and reported them as a function of spontaneous conception and transfusion dependency.

Results

Data showed that 131 patients (62%) had 228 spontaneous pregnancies leading to 198 (86.6%) successful pregnancies. A significant difference was observed in spontaneous pregnancy with respect to fertility complications and transfusion dependency. In addition, the clinical conditions of spouses in patients with any spontaneous pregnancy were more thalassemia carriers (P < .05). Moreover, serum ferritin levels had a significant negative correlation with the levels of Testosterone, Estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was reported with the level of liver enzymes. Finally, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase had a significant negative correlation with pituitary hormones.

Conclusion

We suggest that organised instruction in addition to good iron chelation, especially during the puberty period, would reduce the oxidative damage and related complications in thalassemia patients. Moreover, infertility seems to be attributed to iron deposition in various endocrine organs, pituitary, reproductive system and the liver, contributing to hormonal metabolism.
Proximal digit tip amputation initiates simultaneous blastema and transient fibrosis formation and results in partial regeneration
Authors: Dawson Lindsay A. , Schanes Paula P. , Marrero Luis , Jordan Kathryn , Brunauer Regina , Zimmel Katherine N. , Qureshi Osama , Imholt Felisha M. , Falck Alyssa R. , Yan Mingquan , Dolan Connor P. , Yu Ling , Muneoka Ken
Published: August 2020

Complete extremity regeneration in mammals is restricted to distal amputations of the digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3). In mice, P3 regeneration is mediated via the formation of a blastema, a transient population of progenitor cells that form from the blending of periosteal and endosteal/marrow compartmentalized cells that undergo differentiation to restore the amputated structures. Compartmentalized blastema cells are formed independently, and periosteal compartment‐derived cells are required for restoration of amputated skeletal length. P3 regenerative capacity is progressively attenuated at increasingly more proximal amputation levels, eventually resulting in regenerative failure. The continuum of regenerative capacity within the P3 wound milieu is a unique model to investigate mammalian blastema formation in response to distal amputation, as well as the healing response associated with regenerative failure at proximal amputation levels. We report that P3 proximal amputation healing, previously reported to result in regenerative failure, is not an example of complete regenerative failure, but instead is characterized by a limited bone regeneration response restricted to the endosteal/marrow compartment. The regeneration response is mediated by blastema formation within the endosteal/marrow compartment, and blastemal osteogenesis progresses through intramembranous ossification in a polarized proximal to distal sequence. Unlike bone regeneration following distal P3 amputation, osteogenesis within the periosteal compartment is not observed in response to proximal P3 amputation. We provide evidence that proximal P3 amputation initiates the formation of fibrotic tissue that isolates the endosteal/marrow compartment from the periosteal compartment and wound epidermis. While the fibrotic response is transient and later resolved, these studies demonstrate that blastema formation and fibrosis can occur in close proximity, with the regenerative response dominating the final outcome. Moreover, the results suggest that the attenuated proximal P3 regeneration response is associated with the absence of periosteal‐compartment participation in blastema formation and bone regeneration.
Preventative therapeutic approaches for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Solomon Tanya , Filipovska Aleksandra , Hool Livia , Viola Helena
Published: August 2020

Sarcomeric gene mutations are associated with the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Current drug therapeutics for HCM patients are effective in relieving symptoms, but do not prevent or reverse disease progression. Moreover, due to heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of the disease, patients experience variable outcomes in response to therapeutics. Mechanistically, alterations in calcium handling, sarcomeric disorganization, energy metabolism and contractility participate in HCM disease progression. While some similarities exist, each mutation appears to lead to mutation‐specific pathophysiology. Furthermore, these alterations may precede or proceed development of the pathology. This review assesses the efficacy of HCM therapeutics from studies performed in animal models of HCM and human clinical trials. Evidence suggests that a preventative rather than corrective therapeutic approach may be more efficacious in the treatment of HCM. In addition, a clear understanding of mutation‐specific mechanisms may assist in informing the most effective therapeutic mode of action.

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Influence of age on the frequency characteristics of the soleus muscle response to Achilles tendon vibration during standing
Authors: Mildren Robyn L. , Schmidt Margot E. , Eschelmuller Gregg , Carpenter Mark G. , Blouin Jean‐Sébastien , Inglis J. Timothy
Published: August 2020

Key points

Proprioceptive sensory information from the ankle joint is critical for the control of upright posture and balance.

We examined the influence of age (n = 54 healthy adults, 20–82 years old) on lower limb muscle responses to proprioceptive perturbations evoked by Achilles tendon vibration during standing.

The frequency bandwidth of the muscle response became narrower, and the gain (the muscle response relative to the stimulus) and scaling (increases in response amplitude with increases in stimulus amplitude) decreased with age.

Mechanics of the muscle–tendon unit (mechanical admittance) did not differ with age during standing, and thus probably did not mediate the age‐related changes observed in soleus muscle responses to vibration.

These findings add to our understanding of how altered proprioceptive responses may contribute to impaired mobility and falls with ageing.

Proprioceptive information from the ankle joint plays an important role in the control of upright posture and balance. Ageing influences many components of the sensorimotor system, which leads to poor mobility and falls. However, little is known about the influence of age on the characteristics of short latency muscle responses to proprioceptive stimuli during standing across frequencies that are encoded by muscle spindles. We examined the frequency characteristics of the soleus muscle response to noisy (10–115 Hz) Achilles tendon vibration during standing in 54 healthy adults across a broad age range (20–82 years). The results showed the frequency bandwidth of the soleus response (vibration–electromyography coherence) became progressively narrower with ageing. Coherence was significantly lower in middle‐aged relative to young adults between ∼7–11 and 28–62 Hz, lower in older relative to middle‐aged adults between ∼30–50 Hz and lower in older relative to young adults between ∼7–64 Hz. Muscle response gain was similar between age groups at low frequencies, although gain was lower in older relative to young adults between ∼28–54 Hz. Across the age range, the response amplitude (peak‐to‐peak cross‐covariance) and the scaling of the response with stimulus amplitude were both negatively correlated with age. Muscle–tendon mechanics (admittance) did not differ with age, suggesting this did not mediate differences in soleus responses. Our findings suggest there is a progressive change in the soleus response to proprioceptive stimuli with ageing during standing, which could contribute to poorer mobility and falls.
Evidências da Estabilização do Nível do Mar no Brasil Entre os Anos 1864 e 2019
Authors: Faria Antonio Paulo
Published: August 2020

Comparações entre fotografias antigas e atuais que mostram linhas de cracas e ostras nos afloramentos rochosos costeiros, em 18 áreas dos Estados do Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina, sugerem que o nível do mar no Brasil está estável pelo menos desde 1864. Entre 2017 e 2019 foram fotografados no campo os mesmos afloramentos rochosos expostos em fotos tiradas entre os anos 1864 e 1955, obedecendo os mesmos ângulos e distâncias. Os cálculos, calibrados com dados de campo, foram feitos comparando as linhas superiores, ou limite letal (LL), produzidas pelos crustáceos Balanus e moluscos Crassostrea brasiliana e Crassostrea rhizophorae. Os resultados mostraram situações idênticas em 13 áreas estudadas, enquanto que em outras 5 não foi possível ter certeza devido à qualidade das imagens. Se o nível do mar estivesse subindo, as linhas superiores atuais desses seres marinhos deveriam estar mais altas em todas as áreas, porque as respostas de crescimento dessas populações são muito rápidas. Em apenas 4 meses esses serem podem cobrir a superfície rochosa. No entanto, não foram observadas mudanças visíveis. A conclusão sugere duas possibilidades, sendo que a mais plausível é que o nível do mar se manteve praticamente o mesmo, pelo menos nos últimos 165 anos. A outra possibilidade, remota, é que a crosta continental costeira dessa parte do País está sofrendo soerguimento acelerado no mesmo período, em taxa de elevação igual ao de uma suposta subida do nível do mar, o que contradiz os modelos geológicos porque essa região se encontra em área tectônica estável, ou passiva.
Análise da Distribuição Espacial do Potencial Natural de Erosão de Quatro Áreas com Diferentes Topografias
Authors: Alves João Pedro Inacio , Silva Samuel De Assis
Published: August 2020

A erosão é um grande problema ambiental e um dos principais fatores de degradação do solo, reduzindo o potencial agrícola das áreas e gerando o assoreamento de canais fluviais. Para entender o comportamento do solo e estabelecer práticas conservacionistas para controle da erosão é muito utilizado no modelo de estimação de perda de solo a Equação Universal da Perda de Solo (EUPS). Outro índice utilizado no estudo da erosão é o Potencial Natural de Erosão (PNE), que é baseado na EUPS, o qual, aliado a geoestatística, é capaz de produzir bons resultados. Dessa forma, buscou-se com este trabalho avaliar a distribuição espacial do potencial natural de erosão em diferentes áreas de produção de café, utilizando análises geoestatísticas e técnicas de interpolação de dados. O estudo foi realizado para quatro áreas de produção de café localizadas em Araponga - MG. O PNE foi determinado através da EUPS suplantada das variáveis referentes ao fator uso e manejo do solo (C) e fator prática conservacionista (P). Foram testadas duas metodologias, a álgebra de mapas e a interpolação do PNE, e analisou-se o erro do mapa final para os dois métodos. O fator erodibilidade (K) apresentou dependência espacial para as áreas 01, 03 e 04, com índice de dependência espacial de moderado a forte, enquanto que o PNE apresentou dependência espacial para todas as áreas de estudo, com índice de dependência espacial forte. Todas as áreas tiveram PNE classificado como muito baixo, com exceção da área 01, que apresentou maiores valores de PNE devido a maior declividade e erodibilidade encontrada na parte mais alta da área. Independentemente da área, os valores mais baixos de PNE, estão associados principalmente, a distribuição espacial das frações granulométricas, que condicionam o fator K. A forma que é calculado o mapa final pode resultar em diferentes resultados, acumulando mais ou menos erros. Dentre os dois métodos utilizados o método 2 proporcionou melhores resultados, atingindo menores erros e permitindo um processamento mais rápido.
Modelagem do Status de Degradação em Campos Nativos Alagáveis (Malezales) no Nordeste de Corrientes, Argentina
Authors: Pereira Luís Flávio , Kurtz Ditmar Bernardo
Published: August 2020

Os “malezales” são campos naturais alagados localizados em planícies do nordeste da Argentina. Muitos malezales se desenvolvem sobre Inceptisols (USDA Soil Taxonomy) com horizontes pouco desenvolvidos e frequentemente saturados com água. Apesar de sua importância econômica e ambiental, os malezales são pouco estudados. Devido à sua utilização na produção pecuária e conversão recente em florestas cultivadas, a importância de sua biodiversidade está aumentando. O status de degradação do malezales foi avaliado com base em dois modelos distintos, baseados em ferramentas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto. Ambos os modelos sugeriram que os malezales estão, atualmente, moderadamente degradados, e que a degradação é maior na parte central da área de estudo do que em suas bordas. Entretanto, os modelos mostraram alta discrepância nos níveis de degradação, principalmente entre as categorias Não Degradada e Moderadamente Degradada (22 e 28% de discrepância, respectivamente). A concordância entre os pixels classificados por ambos os modelos foi pobre, apenas 50%. Sumariamente, nossos resultados mostram que a degradação pode se tornar uma grande ameaça à biodiversidade e à pecuária, não apenas se a mudança na cobertura da terra aumentar, mas também se o manejo das pastagens permanecer como o usual.
Análise de Eventos de Tempo Significativo Atuantes Durante os Experimentos CHUVA-GOAmazon2014/15
Authors: Santos Aline Luara dos , Eichholz Cristiano Wickboldt , Mattos Enrique Vieira , Herdies Dirceu Luis
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho avaliou as diferenças físicas e termodinâmicas entre os sistemas precipitantes das estações seca, chuvosa e de transição que atuaram na região de Manaus/AM durante os experimentos CHUVA-GOAmazon2014/15. Foram empregados dados de refletividade do radar Banda-S de Manaus e índices meteorológicos calculados a partir de radiossondagens. Ao todo 4961 sistemas precipitantes foram identificados e rastreados através do algoritmo Forecasting and Tracking the Evolution of Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC), para os quais foram calculados a taxa de precipitação, tamanho e tempo de vida. Através da metodologia baseada em percentis foram definidos os Eventos de Tempo Significativo (ETS). Esses eventos são aqueles que apresentaram, estatisticamente os maiores valores ( percentil de 90 %) de taxa de precipitação, tamanho e tempo de vida dos sistemas precipitantes. Os resultados mostraram que, embora a estação chuvosa apresente maior conteúdo de água precipitável e acumulados de chuva, os sistemas precipitantes da estação seca foram os que apresentaram maiores taxas de precipitação e, por isso, maior potencial para o desenvolvimento de eventos severos. De forma geral, uma maior quantidade de ETS ocorreram durante as estações de transição e seca, período com menor umidade atmosférica, mas grandes valores de energia potencial disponível para convecção, energia de inibição convectiva e cisalhamento vertical do vento, o que contribuiu para processos convectivos mais intensos e duradouros.
Sistema Petrolífero Irati-Rio Bonito e Biodegradação do Óleo no Município de Araranguá, Bacia do Paraná, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Assis Fernanda Botelho de , Ade Marcus Vinicius Berao , Rodrigues Rene , Chaves Hernani Aquino Fernandes
Published: August 2020

Desde os anos 50 a Bacia do Paraná vem sendo alvo de campanhas exploratórias para hidrocarbonetos. Há décadas tem se realizado estudos, em algumas ocorrências de hidrocarbonetos, na tentativa de correlacionar a existência de óleos em arenitos da Formação Rio Bonito, às possíveis rochas geradoras das formações Ponta Grossa e Irati. Para as companhias de petróleo, o reconhecimento do sistema petrolífero, bem como o grau de biodegradação do óleo, afetam tanto na fase de exploração, seleção de possíveis “play” e prospecto, quanto de produção, devido ao impacto econômico no projeto de óleos degradados. A motivação no estudo de identificação da origem e grau de degradação de óleo, foi devido a ocorrência uma coluna de 26m de hidrocarboneto no poço MML-38. Através da presença ou ausência de um conjunto de biomarcadores identificados em cromatogramas e fragmentogramas torna-se possível a interpretação e identificação de sua origem bem como seus graus de biodegradação e Sistema Petrolífero. No óleo extraído do arenito da Formação Rio Bonito, presente no poço em estudo, foram feitas análises de cromatografia líquida e gasosa sendo que o conjunto de resultados; a razão pristano/fitano menor que 1, presença de gamacerano, razão gamacerano/C-30 Hopano maiores que 1/3 e razão C-27 Ts/Tm alta, sugere que o óleo teve origem na Formação Irati, confirmando o Sistema Petrolífero Irati-Rio Bonito(!). O moderado grau de biodegradação, nível 4 a 5, foi obtido a partir da razão de abundância entre os epímeros S e R do C29 esterano.
Pernambuco Tridimensional: Potencialidades no Uso do Geoprocessamento para a Exploração do Conceito Base Zero no Município de Afogados da Ingazeira – PE
Authors: Silva Renata Miranda da , Candeias Ana Lúcia Bezerra , Purificação Nathalia Rose Silva da , Alcântara Lígia Albuquerque de , Padilha José Artur
Published: August 2020

A região Nordeste caracteriza-se como estigma da seca. O clima predominante, que é o semiárido, e fatores como chuvas irregulares, baixa precipitação anual, evaporação excessiva e produção agrícola quase nula, sempre foram motivos para a evasão em massa da população. Dessa forma, a escassez deste recurso leva a entidades políticas, acadêmicas e até mesmo a própria sociedade a estudarem e desenvolverem técnicas, alternativas e ferramentas que possibilitam conviver com o semiárido. Surgiu há 50 anos, o Conceito Base Zero, que foi criado com a perspectiva de uma economia sustentável através da delimitação de microbacias no sertão. A automatização para análise dessas áreas inclui ferramentas de geoprocessamento, que podem auxiliar na obtenção de pontos de mínimos locais, declividade e potencial hídrico da região dentro de uma dada microbacia hidrográfica. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de convivência com a seca no semiárido nordestino atrelado aos dados do Programa Pernambuco Tridimensional – PE 3D. Foi mostrado a potencialidade dessas informações para estudos hidrológicos, proporcionando um maior nível de detalhamento e, um ganho na qualidade dos produtos obtidos por sensores remotos ativos, através de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. A metodologia foi aplicada na área teste da Microbacia Carapuças, no município de Afogados da Ingazeira, em Pernambuco que sofre uma dramática situação social devido à seca. A análise morfométrica associada com a geração de produtos cartográficos permitiu entender a sua dinâmica hidrológica, as relações existentes entre elas e, os diversos componentes do meio físico, de modo a associar ao potencial hídrico da região, se tornando um fator fundamental para o manejo e o gerenciamento de bacias hidrográficas.
Análise das Estimativas da Precipitação Diária do Produto GPM-IMERG na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sapucaí, Região Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Teodoro Thales Alves , Passos Robson Barreto dos , Silva Bruna Andrelina , Silva Benedito Cláudio da
Published: August 2020

Tendo em vista que as estimativas de precipitação (PP) por satélite são importantes fontes de informações para modelos hidrológicos, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os acumulados diários de PP do produto Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) - Early Run do Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sapucaí (BHRS) que se encontra localizada no sudeste do Brasil. Para realizar essa avaliação foram utilizadas métricas estatísticas de performance e de contingência. Os dados utilizados na validação foram os acumulados diários de PP das estações pluviométricas da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). O período analisado no estudo compreende os verões dos anos de 2015 a 2019. No geral, os resultados indicaram que o IMERG subestima em média 27% a PP diária sobre a bacia, sendo que o RMSE é da ordem de 12,9 a 28,5 mm/dia. Além disso, foi observado também que os valores do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson na maioria dos pontos de grade analisados ficaram abaixo de 0,7. Isso indica que não existe uma boa correlação entre os dados do IMERG com os dados das estações pluviométricas. As métricas estatísticas de contingência mostraram que o IMERG - Early Run possui baixa capacidade para descrever os eventos de chuva na BHRS. Portanto, pode-se inferir que o produto Early Run do GPM-IMERG possui dificuldades em estimar a PP diária na BHRS durante os meses de verão.
Detecção da Variação de Cobertura Vegetal a Partir da Estimativa do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) na Unidade de Conservação do Parque Estadual das Carnaúbas - CE com Utilização de Técnicas do Sensoriamento Remoto
Authors: Macedo Carlos Eduardo de Sousa , Alencar Cely Martins Santos de , Stefanutti Ronaldo , Oliveira Ulisses Costa de
Published: August 2020

Apesar dos esforços para assegurar a conservação e preservação da caatinga nos últimos anos, tal bioma continua sendo alvo de práticas não sustentáveis e nocivas. Para o monitoramento da cobertura vegetal na área de estudo, o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) foi calculado utilizando-se imagens do satélite Landsat 4-5 sensor Thematic Mapper (TM) dos anos de 1986 e 2006; e satélite Landsat 8 sensor Operational Terra Imager (OLI)/Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) do ano de 2018. Os valores do NDVI foram estimados e seus parâmetros estatísticos (média, desvio padrão e variância) utilizados na detecção da variação de cobertura vegetal. As diferenças entre os valores anuais permitiram um balanço de acréscimos e reduções para cada classe de vegetação dentro da região de estudo. Com base nos resultados observados o NDVI apontou ser um eficiente indicador no auxílio de estudos de monitoramento ambiental de flora, englobando as Geotecnologias.
Cartas de Sensibilidade Ambiental a Derramamentos de Óleo (Cartas SAO): Análise da Componente Socioeconômica dos Municípios de Arambaré e Tapes/RS/Brasil
Authors: Soares Miler Magano , Pereira Leandro Alberto Vieira , Terceiro Abraão Martins , Walter Tatiana
Published: August 2020

As Cartas de Sensibilidade Ambiental a Derramamentos de Óleo - Cartas SAO são um importante instrumento para o planejamento e gestão de cenários de poluição por óleo nos ambientes costeiros. A componente socioeconômica inserida nessa ferramenta considera atividades e estruturas socioeconômicas que podem ser afetadas negativamente ou ainda, facilitar as ações de resposta em caso de acidentes ambientais envolvendo óleo. No presente artigo, apresenta-se uma análise dos aspectos socioeconômicos no contexto das Cartas SAO dos municípios de Arambaré e Tapes, duas unidades territoriais costeiras localizadas na margem oeste da Lagoa dos Patos/RS/Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados secundários e primários obtidos no âmbito do Projeto Cartas de Sensibilidade Ambiental ao Derramamento de Óleo - Bacia de Pelotas, finalizado em 2017. Nos resultados, são apresentadas diversas atividades socioeconômicas, ligadas à recreação e lazer e ao uso e extração de recursos naturais, que podem ser direta e indiretamente impactadas por incidentes de poluição por óleo, gerando prejuízos significativos aos municípios e sua comunidade. Apresenta-se também instalações, equipamentos, estruturas e atores sociais, que podem sob uma perspectiva colaborativa, contribuir nas ações de combate e resposta incidentes de poluição por hidrocarbonetos na região.
Study of a linear surface wave plasma source for tin removal in an extreme ultraviolet source
Authors: Qerimi Dren , Panici Gianluca , Jain Arihant , Jacobson Daniel , Ruzic David N.
Published: August 2020

Tin deposition mitigation employs hydrogen radicals and ions, formed in a hydrogen plasma, to interact with tin to form tin hydride (SnH4) in the gaseous state, which is then pumped away. Surface wave plasma (SWP) technology developed at Illinois generates hydrogen radicals and ions, resulting in tin etch rates that are high enough to keep extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic tools clean. An advantage of an SWP antenna is the ability to generate a high density of hydrogen radicals and hydrogen ions directly at the desired etching location. In situ etching of tin enables high availability EUV tools by maintaining high reflectivity of the multilayer mirror of the collector. Additionally, the SWP is characterized with low ion energies and low electron temperature, such that the multilayer mirror does not suffer any damage from sputtering or implantation of hydrogen ions during operation. Here, experiments elucidating the fundamental processes of tin removal are conducted by varying pressure, power, surface temperature, and gas flow rate in order to observe the etch rate behavior. Our results have shown that the presence of hydrogen ions increases etch rates because ion bombardment weakens Sn–Sn bonds, which, in turn, allows for a higher rate of chemical etching by the radicals. The ion bombardment reduces the number of radicals needed to etch a single tin atom to the range of 102–103. The linear SWP antenna yields plasma densities on the order of 1017to1018m−3 and radical densities on the order of 1018to1019m−3, allowing for greater utilization of ion etch enhancement. Etch rates of up to 200 nm/min have been achieved. The surface temperature of the samples is an important factor in the etching process such that the decrease in the surface temperature increases the etch rates and decreases the hydrogen desorption rates. In addition, a kinetic etch model is developed to explain the behavior of etch rates as a function of surface temperature. Furthermore, results from experiments performed in an Illinois NXE:3100 chamber will be discussed.
Adaptive array invariant
Authors: Byun Gihoon , Song H. C.
Published: August 2020

The array invariant (χ) developed for robust source-range estimation in shallow water is based on the broadband dispersion characteristics in ideal waveguides that can be summarized by the waveguide invariant, β=cos2θ, with propagation angle θ. The standard array invariant relies on the waveguide invariant being constant, e.g., β = 1, valid for small propagation angles (θ<20°). In this paper, the array invariant is extended to fully incorporate the angle dependence of the waveguide invariant (β=cos2θ), referred to as adaptive array invariant and denoted by χβ=χ/β, which, in theory, provides a perfect range estimate without constraining the propagation angle. The superior performance of the adaptive array invariant is illustrated via numerical simulations in an ideal waveguide, and then demonstrated using experimental data from a ship of opportunity radiating broadband noise (200–900 Hz) and a vertical array in a shallow-water environment.
The universal pathway to innovative urban economies
Authors: Hong Inho , Frank Morgan R. , Rahwan Iyad , Jung Woo-Sung , Youn Hyejin
Published: August 2020

Cities recapitulate a universal pathway into innovative economies.
Selective methylation of toluene using CO
2
and H
2
to
para
-xylene
Authors: Zuo Jiachang , Chen Weikun , Liu Jia , Duan Xinping , Ye Linmin , Yuan Youzhu
Published: August 2020

CO
2
hydrogenation coupled with toluene methylation can markedly enhance the production of high value-added
para
-xylene.
Phase transition enhanced superior elasticity in freestanding single-crystalline multiferroic BiFeO
3
membranes
Authors: Peng Bin , Peng Ren-Ci , Zhang Yong-Qiang , Dong Guohua , Zhou Ziyao , Zhou Yuqing , Li Tao , Liu Zhijie , Luo Zhenlin , Wang Shaohao , Xia Yan , Qiu Ruibin , Cheng Xiaoxing , Xue Fei , Hu Zhongqiang , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang , Chen Long-Qing , Shan Zhiwei , Min Tai , Liu Ming
Published: August 2020

Phase transition could enhance superior elasticity and flexibility in freestanding single-crystalline multiferroic oxide membranes.