bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weekly Frequency of Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents
Authors: WHITE DAVID A. , WILLIS ERIK A. , PTOMEY LAUREN T. , GORCZYCA ANNA M. , DONNELLY JOSEPH E.
Published: August 2021

The current physical activity (PA) guidelines for children and adolescents in the United States recommend ≥60 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), 7 d·wk−1 for cardiometabolic health (CmH) benefits. Although the duration and intensity components of the PA guidelines have been rigorously studied, the frequency (7 d·wk−1) component has not been thoroughly researched.

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the association of the frequency component of the weekly PA guidelines on CmH in youth.

Methods

Cross-sectional accelerometer data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included youth age 6–18 yr with ≥4 d, ≥10 h of wear time, and averaging ≥60 min·d−1 of MVPA (n = 656). Participants were categorized into quartiles based on the proportion of days where they met the guidelines (≥60 min of MVPA). CmH variables were categorized as weight status/body anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting serum laboratory results. Propensity score weighting was applied to quartiles, and general linear modeling was used to compare associations of quartiles with CmH variables.

Results

Results are displayed as percent of days meeting guidelines (DMG; 95% confidence interval): MVPA in minutes per week: Q1 (n = 156; DMG = 45.8% (43.4%–48.1%); MVPA 467.5, min·wk−1), Q2 (n = 165; DMG = 62.6% (61.6%–63.7%); MVPA, 474.4 min·wk−1), Q3 (n = 148; DMG = 75% (74.1%–75.8%); MVPA, 446.5 min·wk−1), Q4 (n = 187; DMG = 92.2% (87.7%–96.6%); MVPA, 453.2 min·wk−1). After adjusting for confounders and multiple comparisons, there were no clinically significant differences in weight status/body anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, or fasting serum laboratory results between DMG quartiles.

Conclusions

We found no association between the proportion of DMG and CmH in children and adolescents. Our study suggests that achieving an overall weekly average of 60 min·d−1 of MVPA seems to be sufficient for CmH regardless of the 7 d·wk−1 frequency requirement of the PA guideline.
Sea grapes extract improves blood glucose, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α in rats fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet
Authors: Kuswari Mury , Nurkolis Fahrul , Mayulu Nelly , Ibrahim Faisal Maulana , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Wewengkang Defny Silvia , Sabrina Nindy , Arifin Ghafur Rasyid , Mantik Keren Esther Kristina , Bahar Muhammad Rahimi , Rifqiyati Najda , Rompies Ronald , Augusta Piko Satria , Permatasari Happy Kurnia
Published: August 2021

Background: Sea grapes or  Caulerpa racemosa have a lot of phytochemical content, especially unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for health. This study aims to evaluate the effects of sea grapes extract on blood glucose levels, total cholesterol-, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α in male Wistar rats, which were given per-oral (p.o.) cholesterol- and carbohydrates fat-enriched diets (CFED). Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats weighing between 200 – 250 g were used for this study. Animals were randomly distributed into four groups of ten animals each. Group A served as control (received standard dry pellet diet). Rats in group B were fed on CFED for 4 weeks.  Groups C and D were fed on CFED and were administered 150 and 450 mg/kg of  sea grapes extract (p.o.), respectively. Results: Group C rats indicated a blood glucose reduction and an increase in PGC-1α serum, in comparison to group D (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between group C and D in blood cholesterol reduction (high dose of the extract did not have significant effects) (p=0.222), and both groups had the same effect in lowering total cholesterol in rats. Conclusion: Sea grapes extract is proven to improve blood glucose, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α levels in rats fed with CFED.
Aproximación epistemológica a la traducción y la accesibilidad en el contexto digital: propuesta de una taxonomía.
Authors: Arrufat Pérez de Zafra María Asunción , Álvarez de Morales Mercado Cristina
Published: August 2021

Las modalidades de Traducción e Interpretación Accesible (TeIA) han sido amplio objeto de investigación desde los estudios de Traducción Audiovisual (Díaz Cintas 2007a; Orero 2007; Álvarez de Morales et al., 2012). Sin embargo, su delimitación en el contexto digital se encuentra en un estado aún propedéutico (Greco 2019: 19). En el siguiente artículo realizamos una reflexión sobre la revisión bibliográfica (Jiménez Hurtado 2007; Tercedor et al., 2007a; Báez Montero 2010; Martínez 2015; Cabezas Gay 2017; Medina Reguera 2018) para delimitar su ubicación epistemológica dentro del contexto específico de estudio, definiendo las particularidades que distinguen a las modalidades de TeIA y aportando finalmente una propuesta de taxonomía específica que incluye la descripción verbal, la interpretación a códigos visuales gestuales, la transcripción y la adaptación textual. Su análisis y estudio como elementos del Diseño Universal es clave para profundizar en la implementación de soluciones de accesibilidad efectivas para los todos los usuarios.
Teletrabajo y riesgos psicosociales: la imperiosa necesidad de reforzar la tutela preventiva.
Authors: Igartua Miró María Teresa
Published: August 2021

El RDL 28/2020, de 22 de septiembre, sobre trabajo a distancia, supone un avance notorio al ser la primera norma con rango de Ley en el ordenamiento interno que incluye una referencia expresa a los riesgos psicosociales ya en su propio Preámbulo. Sin embargo, es escaso en su contenido y tacaño en la regulación de medidas preventivas específicas o de garantías en el terreno de la reparación. La norma destaca por su extrema parquedad, sin un intento de delimitación conceptual ni la previsión de instrumentos concretos para la evaluación y/o prevención de este tipo de riesgos, constituyendo el punto de partida de estas reflexiones sobre la imperiosa necesidad de reforzar una tutela integral y adaptada de esta problemática en el teletrabajo, llamada a una incidencia creciente dada su previsible extensión
Performance study of a serial relay CC-OGSM-SD free space optical system based on an M distribution model
Authors: Wang Yi , Du Wenqi , Zhou Rui
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, convolutional coding (CC)-optical generalized spatial modulation (OGSM)-spatial diversity (SD) serial relay system under

M

distribution. In this work, two types of SD schemes are considered both at the relay node and receiver, and the decode-and-forward (DF) relay transmission protocol is adopted. Taking into account the combined effects of path loss, pointing error, and atmospheric turbulence, the closed-form expressions for the average bit error rate (ABER) of the serial relay uncoded and CC-OGSM-SD free space optical (FSO) system are derived using Meijer’s G-function. On the basis of theoretical derivation, the ABER of the proposed system and other common multiple input multiple output schemes in FSO systems are compared through simulation. In addition, the effects of the number of relay nodes, link distance between relays, and different OGSM configurations, SD schemes, and coding rates on the ABER of the system are also analyzed via simulation. Monte Carlo simulations indicate the correctness of the numerical results. The simulation results show that the serial relay CC-OGSM-SD FSO system has lower ABER and higher spectral efficiency.
SPM Receptor Expression and Localization in Irradiated Salivary Glands
Authors: dos Santos Harim Tavares , Nam Kihoon , Hunt Jason P. , Buchmann Luke O. , Monroe Marcus M. , Baker Olga J.
Published: August 2021

Radiation therapy–mediated salivary gland destruction is characterized by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, both of which ultimately lead to salivary gland hypofunction. However, current treatments (e.g., artificial saliva and sialagogues) only promote temporary relief of symptoms. As such, developing alternative measures against radiation damage is critical for restoring salivary gland structure and function. One promising option for managing radiation therapy–mediated damage in salivary glands is by activation of specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors due to their demonstrated role in resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in many tissues. Nonetheless, little is known about the presence and function of these receptors in healthy and/or irradiated salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to detect whether these specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are expressed in healthy salivary glands and, if so, if they are maintained after radiation therapy–mediated damage. Our results indicate that specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are heterogeneously expressed in inflammatory as well as in acinar and ductal cells within human submandibular glands and that their expression persists after radiation therapy. These findings suggest that epithelial cells as well as resident immune cells represent potential targets for modulation of resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in irradiated salivary glands.
Dynamic SOFA score assessments to predict outcomes after acute admission of octogenarians to the intensive care unit
Authors: Loyrion Emmanuelle , Agier Lydiane , Trouve-Buisson Thibaut , Gavazzi Gaetan , Schwebel Carole , Bosson Jean-Luc , Payen Jean-François
Published: August 2021

Background

Identifying which octogenarians could benefit most from continuing critical care is challenging. We aimed to see if responses to therapies using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on day 4 after unplanned admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) could be associated with short-term mortality.

Methods

In this prospective observational cohort study, data from 4 ICUs in a University Hospital included SOFA scores on admission and day 4, along with preadmission measurements of frailty, comorbidities, nutritional status and number of medications. Outcome measures included mortality and loss of autonomy on day 90 after admission.

Results

Eighty-seven critically ill patients aged 80 years or older with preadmission functional independence and no missing SOFA score data on day 4 were studied (primary analyses). The mortality rate on day 90 was 30%. In a univariate Cox model, the SOFA score on day 4 was significantly associated with mortality rate: hazard ratio = 1.18 per one-point increase, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08 to 1.28 (p<0.001). A SOFA score of 6 or more on day 4 could correctly classify 75% of patients who died on day 90, with a sensitivity of 54% and a specificity of 84%. After adjustment, the SOFA score on day 4, neurological failure on admission and the number of preadmission medications were significantly associated with mortality on day 90, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.91). These findings were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis with 109 patients. Preadmission frailty was the only variable independently associated with loss of autonomy in the 49 surviving patients.

Conclusion

Measuring SOFA score on day 4 and preadmission frailty could help predict mortality and loss of autonomy on day 90 in octogenarians after their acute admission to the ICU.
Ecological risk and source analysis of soil heavy metals pollution in the river irrigation area from Baoji, China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Gao Yu , Yang Ningning , Dai Enhua , Yang Minghang , Wang Zhoufeng , Geng Yani
Published: August 2021

Due to various human activities, soil quality under different land use patterns is deteriorating all over the world. This deterioration is very complex in the river irrigation area and is caused by multi-point and non-point source pollution and seasonal variation. Therefore, the characteristics and sources of soil metal pollution in river irrigation area of Baoji city were analyzed. The contents of 8 metals were given by ICP-MS, in the soil samples. Statistical methods, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution features, sources and ecological risks of metal contamination from the study area soil. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the pollution sources of metal. The analysis showed that Cd is the most polluted, and human activities represented a great impact on the contents of Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd in soil, Cd post moderate-strong pollution and strong risk, Cd has a maximum Igeo value of 3.17. All rivers were at risk of moderate pollution levels in study. Among them, some rivers had even reached strong pollution level. Pollution caused by human activities was the most significant pollution source of metal in the research area soil.
Diarrhea treatment center (DTC) based diarrheal disease surveillance in settlements in the wake of the mass influx of forcibly displaced Myanmar national (FDMN) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2018
Authors: Faruque Abu S. G. , Khan Azharul Islam , Islam S. M. Rafiqul , Nahar Baitun , Hossain M. Nasif , Widiati Yulia , Hasan A. S. M. Mainul , Prajapati Mukeshkumar , Kim Minjoon , Vandenent Maya , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: August 2021

Background

In August 2017, after a large influx of forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals (FDMN) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh diarrhea treatment centers (DTCs) were deployed. This study aims to report the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory characteristics of the hospitalized patients.

Methods

The study followed cross-sectional design. In total 1792 individuals were studied. Other than data, a single, stool specimen was subjected to one step rapid visual diagnostic test for Vibrio cholerae. The provisionally diagnosed specimens of cholera cases were inoculated into Cary-Blair Transport Medium; then sent to the laboratory of icddr,b in Dhaka to isolate the colony as well as perform antibiotic susceptibility tests. Data were analyzed by STATA and analyses included descriptive as well as analytic methods.

Results

Of the total 1792 admissions in 5 DTCs, 729 (41%) were from FDMN settlements; children <5 years contributed the most (n = 981; 55%). Forty percent (n = 716) were aged 15 years and above, and females were predominant (n = 453; 63%). Twenty-eight percent (n = 502) sought treatment within 24h of the onset of diarrhea. FDMN admissions within 24h were low compared to host hospitalization (n = 172, 24% vs. n = 330, 31%; p<0.001). Seventy-two percent (n = 1295) had watery diarrhea; more common among host population than FDMN (n = 802; 75% vs. n = 493; 68%; p<0.001). Forty-four percent admissions (n = 796) had some or severe dehydration, the later was common in FDMN (n = 46; 6% vs. n = 36; 3%, p = 0.005). FDMN often used public taps (n = 263; 36%), deep tube-well (n = 243; 33%), and shallow tube well (n = 188; 26%) as the source of drinking water. Nearly 96% (n = 698) of the admitted FDMN used pit latrines as opposed to 79% (n = 842) from the host community (p<0.001). FDMN children were often malnourished. None of the FDMN reported cholera.

Conclusion

No diarrhea outbreak was detected, but preparedness for surges and response readiness are warranted in this emergency and crisis setting.
Factor structure of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire and association with maternal postpartum depression and comorbid symptoms of psychopathology
Authors: Wendelboe Katrine I. , Smith-Nielsen Johanne , Stuart Anne C. , Luyten Patrick , Skovgaard Væver Mette
Published: August 2021

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) refers to the parent’s capacity to envision mental states in the infant and in themselves as a parent, and to link such underlying mental process with behavior, which is important for parenting sensitivity and child socio-emotional development. Current findings have linked maternal postpartum depression to impaired reflective skills, imposing a risk on the developing mother–infant relationship, but findings are mixed, and studies have generally used extensive methods for investigating PRF. The present study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Danish version of the 18-item self-report Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) in a sample of mothers with and without diagnosed postpartum depression. Moreover, the association between PRF and maternal postpartum depression in mothers with and without comorbid symptoms of personality disorder and/or clinical levels of psychological distress was investigated. Participants included 423 mothers of infants aged 1–11 months. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure of the PRFQ; however, item loadings suggested that a 15-item version was a more accurate measure of PRF in mothers of infants. Multi-group factor analysis of the 15-item PRFQ infant version indicated measurement invariance among mothers with and without diagnosed postpartum depression. Multinomial logistic regression showed that impaired PRF was associated with maternal psychopathology, although only for mothers with postpartum depression combined with other symptoms of psychopathology. These results provide new evidence for the assessment of maternal self-reported reflective skills as measured by a modified infant version of the PRFQ, as well as a more nuanced understanding of how variance in symptomatology is associated with impaired PRF in mothers in the postpartum period in differing ways.
Developing an interplay among the psychological barriers for the adoption of industry 4.0 phenomenon
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Arshad Ali Asif , Nazam Muhammad , Nazim Muhammad
Published: August 2021

This research aims to identify, rank, and create an interplay among the psychological barriers to adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector. A comprehensive literature review tracked by a discussion with industry and academic experts recognized 20 barriers. Based on three widely acclaimed statistical techniques, hybrid AHP-TOPSIS (Analytical Hierarchy Process-Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and ISM (Interpretative Structural Modeling), critical psychological barriers have been investigated. A group of 8 experts from industry and academia with at least 10 years of experience was consulted for AHP and ISM techniques. Whereas TOPSIS was conducted by 443 operational-level users, including managers and supervisors of different functional areas of the manufacturing industry located in Pakistan. The findings reveal that ‘Fear of job losses’, ‘Fear of data loss/Risk of security breaches, ‘Lack of advanced & continued education of employees’ and ‘Lack of standards and reference architecture’, with highest importance weights, emerged as the most prominent psychological barriers in developing economies. Then the interrelations among these barriers resulted in a four-layered structural model. The driver barriers identified in the final model advocate that development in ‘advanced & continued education of employees’, ‘standards & reference architecture’ and ‘minimization of fear of job & data loss’ can expedite the adoption of industry 4.0 (i4.0) technologies. The study uniquely develops hierarchical relationships among the psychological barriers for adopting i4.0 in the manufacturing context using AHP-TOPSIS and ISM techniques. The study would be valuable for practitioners, decision-makers and companies that wish to focus their efforts and resources on removing the most critical barriers and challenges for the seamless implementation of Industry 4.0.
The risk of psoriasis in patients with uveitis: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Yu-Yen , Chen Hsin-Hua , Lo Tzu-Chen , Chou Pesus
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate whether the risk of subsequent psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis development is increased in patients with uveitis.

Methods

In Taiwan’s national health insurance research database, we identified 195,125 patients with new-onset uveitis between 2001 and 2013. We randomly selected 390,250 individuals without uveitis who were matched 2:1 to uveitis cases based on age, sex and year of enrolment. The characteristics of the two groups were compared. Using multivariate Cox regression, hazard ratios (HRs) for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis corresponding to uveitis were computed after adjustment for age, sex, insurance cost and comorbidities. In subgroup analyses, separate HRs for mild psoriasis, severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis were calculated.

Results

The mean age of the study cohort was 50.2 ± 17.2 years. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and obesity were more prevalent in the uveitis group (all p < 0.0001). The hazard of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis development was significantly greater in the uveitis group than in the non-uveitis group (p < 0.0001); this increased risk persisted after adjustment for confounders [adjusted HR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–1.48]. Adjusted HRs showed an increasing trend from mild psoriasis (1.35; 95% CI, 1.28–1.44) to severe psoriasis (1.59; 95% CI, 1.30–1.94) and psoriatic arthritis (1.97; 95% CI, 1.60–2.42).

Conclusions

This nationwide population-based cohort study revealed that patients with uveitis have an increased risk of subsequent psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis development.
Experimental study on the backdraft phenomenon of solid fuel
Authors: Zhao Jianlong , Li Yanfeng , Li Junmei , Huang Youbo , Wu Jinxiang
Published: August 2021

In this study, a series of small-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the backdraft phenomenon in a compartment (1.1 × 0.4 × 0.75 m) with woodblocks as fuel. This research focused on the effects of compartment window woodblock areas on backdraft time, with a video recording of the experimental phenomena. Thermocouples and a gas analyzer were used to measure the temperature and the concentration of gas components in the compartment, respectively. There was no additional heat source or ignition source pre-set in the compartment at the beginning of the experiments; the experimental processes only depended on the heat released from the burning or smoldering of woodblocks. When compartment ventilation improved, smoldering of woodblocks became intense, and backdraft occurred. The results show that backdraft time is shorten with increases of compartment window and woodblock areas, and opening the upper window of a compartment could avoid the backdraft phenomenon. The results help to understand the backdraft phenomenon of solid fuel and, more importantly, could help firefighters adopt reasonable fire-fighting strategies for restraining backdraft occurrence.
Association between serum iron concentrations and cognitive impairment in older adults aged 60 years and older: A dose-response analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Gong Zonglin , Song Wenlei , Gu Minjun , Zhou Xiaoming , Tian Changwei
Published: August 2021

Epidemiological evidence on peripheral iron and cognitive impairment in older adults is sparse and limited. Results on serum iron and cognitive impairment in older adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey have not been reported. Data on serum iron and cognitive impairment from individuals ≥ 60 years of age were obtained from the 2011–2014 NHANES (N = 3,131). Serum iron concentrations were determined with DcX800 method. Cognitive impairment was assessed with four cognitive tests: the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency (AF), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR) and Word Learning (CERAD-WL) tests. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were adopted to explore the dose-response relationship between serum iron concentrations and cognitive impairment. Comparing the highest to lowest tertile of serum iron concentrations, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of scoring low on the DSST were 0.70 (0.49–1.00), 0.88 (0.65–1.20) for CERAD-WL, 0.65 (0.48–0.88) for CERAD-DR, and 0.78 (0.53–1.15) for AF. Stratified analyses by sex showed that the above-mentioned associations were mainly found in men; however, the interaction with sex was not significant. Dose-response analysis showed that relationships between serum iron and cognitive impairment evaluated by DSST and CERAD-DR were linear, respectively.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium and subsyndromal delirium in older patients in the surgical ward: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kanno Maya , Doi Mana , Kubota Kazumi , Kanoya Yuka
Published: August 2021

Postoperative delirium (POD) and subsyndromal delirium (SSD) among older patients is a common, serious condition associated with a high incidence of negative outcomes. However, there are few accurate methods for the early detection of POD and SSD in surgical wards. This study aimed to identify risk factors of POD and SSD in older patients who were scheduled for surgery in a surgical ward. This was a prospective observational study. Study participants were older than 65 years, underwent urology surgery, and were hospitalized in the surgical ward between April and September 2019. Delirium symptoms were assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) on the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and postoperative days 1–3 by the surgical ward nurses. SSD was defined as the presence of one or more CAM criteria and the absence of a diagnosis of delirium based on the CAM algorithm. Personal characteristics, clinical data, cognitive function, physical functions, laboratory test results, medication use, type of surgery and anesthesia, and use of physical restraint and bed sensor were collected from medical records. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for both POD and SSD. A total of 101 participants (mean age 74.9 years) were enrolled; 19 (18.8%) developed POD (n = 4) and SSD (n = 15). The use of bed sensors (odds ratio 10.2, p = .001) was identified as a risk factor for both POD and SSD. Our findings suggest that the use of bed sensors might be related to the development of both POD and SSD among older patients in surgical wards.
Prevalence of short interpregnancy interval and its associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia
Authors: Mamo Hana , Dagnaw Abinet , Sharew Nigussie Tadesse , Brhane Kalayu , Kotiso Kehabtimer Shiferaw
Published: August 2021

Background

Short inter-pregnancy interval is an interval of <24 months between the dates of birth of the preceding child and the conception date of the current pregnancy. Despite its direct effects on the perinatal and maternal outcomes, there is a paucity of evidence on its prevalence and determinant factors, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of short inter-pregnancy interval among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, Northern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected 496 pregnant women in Debre Berhan town from February 9 to March 9, 2020. The data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA (14.2) statistical software. To identify the predictors of short inter-pregnancy interval, multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted and findings are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Result

The overall prevalence of short inter-pregnancy interval (<24 months) among pregnant women was 205 (40.9%). Being over 30 years of age at first birth (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.12–6.01), non-use of modern contraceptive (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.23–3.71), duration of breastfeeding for less than 12 months (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.32–5.23), parity above four (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and unintended pregnancy (AOR = 5.42; 95% CI: 3.34–9.22) were independently associated factors with short inter-pregnancy interval.

Conclusion

Despite the public health interventions being tried in the country, the prevalence of short inter-pregnancy interval in this study is high. Therefore, it implies that increasing contraceptive use and encouraging optimal breastfeeding might help in the efforts made to avert the problem.
The pentose phosphate pathway constitutes a major metabolic hub in pathogenic Francisella
Authors: Rytter Héloise , Jamet Anne , Ziveri Jason , Ramond Elodie , Coureuil Mathieu , Lagouge-Roussey Pauline , Euphrasie Daniel , Tros Fabiola , Goudin Nicolas , Chhuon Cerina , Nemazanyy Ivan , de Moraes Fabricio Edgar , Labate Carlos , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Charbit Alain
Published: August 2021

Metabolic pathways are now considered as intrinsic virulence attributes of pathogenic bacteria and thus represent potential targets for antibacterial strategies. Here we focused on the role of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and its connections with other metabolic pathways in the pathophysiology of Francisella novicida. The involvement of the PPP in the intracellular life cycle of Francisella was first demonstrated by studying PPP inactivating mutants. Indeed, we observed that inactivation of the tktA, rpiA or rpe genes severely impaired intramacrophage multiplication during the first 24 hours. However, time-lapse video microscopy demonstrated that rpiA and rpe mutants were able to resume late intracellular multiplication. To better understand the links between PPP and other metabolic networks in the bacterium, we also performed an extensive proteo-metabolomic analysis of these mutants. We show that the PPP constitutes a major bacterial metabolic hub with multiple connections to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and other pathways, such as fatty acid degradation and sulfur metabolism. Altogether our study highlights how PPP plays a key role in the pathogenesis and growth of Francisella in its intracellular niche.
Hippo signaling effectors YAP and TAZ induce Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) lytic reactivation through TEADs in epithelial cells
Authors: Van Sciver Nicholas , Ohashi Makoto , Pauly Nicholas P. , Bristol Jillian A. , Nelson Scott E. , Johannsen Eric C. , Kenney Shannon C.
Published: August 2021

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) human herpesvirus is associated with B-cell and epithelial-cell malignancies, and both the latent and lytic forms of viral infection contribute to the development of EBV-associated tumors. Here we show that the Hippo signaling effectors, YAP and TAZ, promote lytic EBV reactivation in epithelial cells. The transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ (which are inhibited by Hippo signaling) interact with DNA-binding proteins, particularly TEADs, to induce transcription. We demonstrate that depletion of either YAP or TAZ inhibits the ability of phorbol ester (TPA) treatment, cellular differentiation or the EBV BRLF1 immediate-early (IE) protein to induce lytic EBV reactivation in oral keratinocytes, and show that over-expression of constitutively active forms of YAP and TAZ reactivate lytic EBV infection in conjunction with TEAD family members. Mechanistically, we find that YAP and TAZ interact with, and activate, the EBV BZLF1 immediate-early promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that YAP, TAZ, and TEAD family members are expressed at much higher levels in epithelial cell lines in comparison to B-cell lines, and find that EBV infection of oral keratinocytes increases the level of activated (dephosphorylated) YAP and TAZ. Finally, we have discovered that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a known YAP/TAZ activator that plays an important role in inflammation, induces EBV lytic reactivation in epithelial cells through a YAP/TAZ dependent mechanism. Together these results establish that YAP/TAZ are powerful inducers of the lytic form of EBV infection and suggest that the ability of EBV to enter latency in B cells at least partially reflects the extremely low levels of YAP/TAZ and TEADs in this cell type.
The ALPK1 pathway drives the inflammatory response to Campylobacter jejuni in human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Cui Jiannan , Duizer Coco , Bouwman Lieneke I. , van Rooijen Kristel S. , Voogdt Carlos G. P. , van Putten Jos P. M. , de Zoete Marcel R.
Published: August 2021

The Gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of foodborne disease in humans. After infection, C. jejuni rapidly colonizes the mucus layer of the small and large intestine and induces a potent pro-inflammatory response characterized by the production of a large repertoire of cytokines, chemokines, and innate effector molecules, resulting in (bloody) diarrhea. The virulence mechanisms by which C. jejuni causes this intestinal response are still largely unknown. Here we show that C. jejuni releases a potent pro-inflammatory compound into its environment, which activates an NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory response including the induction of CXCL8, CXCL2, TNFAIP2 and PTGS2. This response was dependent on a functional ALPK1 receptor and independent of Toll-like Receptor and Nod-like Receptor signaling. Chemical characterization, inactivation of the heptose-biosynthesis pathway by the deletion of the hldE gene and in vitro engineering identified the released factor as the LOS-intermediate ADP-heptose and/or related heptose phosphates. During C. jejuni infection of intestinal cells, the ALPK1-NF-κB axis was potently activated by released heptose metabolites without the need for a type III or type IV injection machinery. Our results classify ADP-heptose and/or related heptose phosphates as a major virulence factor of C. jejuni that may play an important role during Campylobacter infection in humans.
Cytomegalovirus late transcription factor target sequence diversity orchestrates viral early to late transcription
Authors: Li Ming , Hu Qiaolin , Collins Geoffrey , Parida Mrutyunjaya , Ball Christopher B. , Price David H. , Meier Jeffery L.
Published: August 2021

Beta- and gammaherpesviruses late transcription factors (LTFs) target viral promoters containing a TATT sequence to drive transcription after viral DNA replication has begun. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, uses the UL87 LTF to bind both TATT and host RNA polymerase II (Pol II), whereas the UL79 LTF has been suggested to drive productive elongation. Here we apply integrated functional genomics (dTag system, PRO-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and promoter function assays) to uncover the contribution of diversity in LTF target sequences in determining degree and scope to which LTFs drive viral transcription. We characterize the DNA sequence patterns in LTF-responsive and -unresponsive promoter populations, determine where and when Pol II initiates transcription, identify sites of LTF binding genome-wide, and quantify change in nascent transcripts from individual promoters in relation to core promoter sequences, LTF loss, stage of infection, and viral DNA replication. We find that HCMV UL79 and UL87 LTFs function concordantly to initiate transcription from over half of all active viral promoters in late infection, while not appreciably affecting host transcription. Both LTFs act on and bind to viral early-late and late kinetic-class promoters. Over one-third of these core promoters lack the TATT and instead have a TATAT, TGTT, or YRYT. The TATT and non-TATT motifs are part of a sequence block with a sequence code that correlates with promoter transcription level. LTF occupancy of a TATATA palindrome shared by back-to-back promoters is linked to bidirectional transcription. We conclude that diversity in LTF target sequences shapes the LTF-transformative program that drives the viral early-to-late transcription switch.
On self-extraction
Authors: Encinias Nevarez
Published: August 2021

Written under a pandemic stay-at-home order, this article conceives of flamenco choreography and performance as an artisanal craft, likening several of the tradition’s practices to the act of making a coffee. Drawing upon historical descriptions of the art form, theoretical debates from the postmodern shift in dance-making and personal anecdote, the article scrutinizes the notion of ‘self-expression’ and confronts flamenco’s enduring reputation as a dance of extravagant emotion, passion, spontaneity and authenticity. The article experiments with experiential and poetic modes of address to ruminate broadly on artisanship as a creative model for dance-makers, and proposes an interdisciplinary frame-of-mind for choreographers, from a time when traditional live performance was on pause.
Adaptation and validation into Spanish of the Workplace Dignity Scale
Authors:   School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, Sainz Mario ,   Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Lobato Roberto M. ,   Euro-Arab Foundation for Higher Studies, Granada, Spain, Porras-Caballero Frida ,   School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Published: August 2021

Introduction and objective: Workers contend with many threats while performing their daily routine that could undermine their dignity, such as denigrating comments from supervisors or co-workers. Denying workers’ dignity constitutes a direct threat towards their well-being. The aim of this paper is to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Workplace Dignity Scale (WDS). Method: An instrumental design was executed in order to adapt the scale to Spanish with a Mexican population (N = 588). Following back-translation, three studies were conducted in which confirmatory factor analysis, correlations, regressions, and invariance analysis were applied. Results: The results showed that the Spanish adaptation conforms to the six-factor structure of the original scale and that organisational dehumanisation and workers’ self-objectification predicted dignity at work; with workers’ self-objectification being the variable that most strongly predicted workers’ dignity. Finally, we also evaluated measurement invariance comparing our data with the results of the original scale. In general, results indicated that even when the Spanish version of the WDS presented an adequate factor structure, its measurement presented different factor loadings and slopes compared with the measurement of the original scale. Conclusions: In general, we have an instrument adapted to the Mexican context that allows us to evaluate workers’ sense of dignity in the workplace.
TIEMPO TRÁGICO: ESTRUCTURA ANULAR Y ESQUEMAS MISTÉRICOS EN LOS CANTOS CORALES DE ANTÍGONA DE SÓFOCLES (PARTE II)
Authors: Hernández Aparicio Santiago
Published: August 2021

En el presente artículo nos proponemos reconocer y analizar el uso de la técnica de la ring-composition o estructura anular en los cantos corales de Antígona de Sófocles en relación con los elementos de los cultos eleusino y dionisíaco que atraviesan la obra. Nuestra hipótesis consiste en que, lejos de ser un factor de mera articulación formal, la ring-composition cumple con una función dramática pues cohesiona, con su juego de paralelismos, las alusiones a los misterios con el fin de presentar la acción como un ritual iniciático fallido. En esta segunda parte continuamos el análisis e incluimos los cantos corales restantes y las conclusiones.
Antibiotic resistance: the role of man, animals and the environment
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Ronield Elías
Published: August 2021

Los microorganismos, especialmente las bacterias, están distribuidos por todo el mundo, desde el suelo, los mares y los ríos hasta el sistema digestivo de los animales y los seres humanos; por lo tanto, las bacterias mantienen una interacción constante con los compuestos utilizados por los seres humanos y los animales como los antibióticos, y con otros microorganismos que pueden ser de la misma especie o de diferentes géneros taxonómicos; esta interacción podría dar lugar a una presión selectiva sobre las bacterias en el medio ambiente y promover el intercambio genético, lo que llevaría a una propagación global de la resistencia a los antibióticos y a una afectación mundial de la salud. En este contexto, la presente revisión tiene por objeto ofrecer una visión general del rol de los seres humanos, los animales y el medio ambiente en la resistencia bacteriana, con énfasis en los procesos en el suelo y los medios acuáticos y los efectos sobre la salud humana.
Bone and craniofacial effect of obesity
Authors: Botero-González Daniela , Aristizábal Juan Fernando , Ortiz Mario
Published: August 2021

La obesidad, desde que se inició su reporte a nivel mundial en 1975 por la Organización mundial de la salud; se ha comportado como una pandemia. Datos de 2016, muestran que un 13% del total de la población mundial es obesa. Esta pandemia tiene efectos a nivel sistémico muy conocidos como la hipertensión arterial, diabetes, accidentes cerebro vasculares, enfermedades digestivas, distintos tipos de cáncer, osteoporosis y osteoartritis. También tiene efectos menos investigados y poco conocidos, como el crecimiento de los maxilares, la caries y las enfermedades periodontales. Existen reportes de los efectos a nivel del tejido óseo que tiene la obesidad, tanto en la osteoblastogénesis como en la osteoclastogénesis; en donde los adipocitos generan alteraciones de los niveles de la hormona leptina, adiponectina y algunas citoquinas, teniendo como resultado la disminución de la masa ósea. Es por todo lo anterior, que mediante una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect y SCIELO; utilizando los términos MESH: skull, bone, obesity, growth; y las palabras clave en inglés: obese, craniofacial, development, morphometry. Se encontró que la literatura científica alberga diferentes estudios en personas obesas, donde se ha demostrado que los individuos en etapa de adolescencia, presentan cambios morfológicos específicos como el aumento de la base anterior de cráneo, longitud de uno o ambos maxilares y aumento en la longitud del cuerpo mandibular.
Dealing with Functional Diversity in EFL Classrooms: English Teachers’ Positioning
Authors: Villarreal Buitrago Laura Camila , Méndez Rivera Pilar Esther
Published: August 2021

Functional Diversity (FD) and inclusion are nowadays widely explored subjects, specifically in the field of English language teaching. This article examines the ways in which EFL teachers problematize their role in functionally diverse scenarios while exposing their efforts to improve the exercise of their profession in FD classrooms. By applying positioning theory (Harré, 2001), we analyzed the narratives of four English language teachers at a high school in Bogotá, Colombia. Data obtained from autobiographical narrative essays revealed three main findings: first, English language teachers positioned themselves as novice or apprentice in FD contexts; second, they struggled with their unpreparedness as they learned to work with FD students; and finally, they positioned themselves as agents of change to overcome difficulties and embrace an inclusive pedagogy. This study contributes to the field by raising awareness of real teaching problems and school situations that EFL teachers face, specifically those related to the struggles of the self (Méndez, 2017).
A Review of the Cardiac and Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 in Adults and Children
Authors: Das Bibhuti B. , Sexon Tejtel S. Kristen , Deshpande Shriprasad , Shekerdemian Lara S.
Published: August 2021

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement—our focus in this review—may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children.
Thermal-hydraulic performance prediction of two new heat exchangers using RBF based on different DOE
Authors: Yu Chulin , Wang Youqiang , Zhang Haiqing , Gao Bingjun , He Yin
Published: August 2021

Thermal performance prediction with high precision and low cost is always the need for designers of heat exchangers. Three typical design of experiments (DOE) known as Taguchi design method (TDM), Uniform design method (UDM), and Response surface method (RSM) are commonly used to reduce experimental cost. The radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF) based on different DOE is used to predict the thermal performance of two new parallel-flow shell and tube heat exchangers. The applicability and expense of ten different prediction methods (RBF + TDML9, RBF + TDML18, RBF + UDM, RBF + TDML9 + UDM, RBF + TDML18 + UDM, RBF + RSM, RBF + RSM + TDML9, RBF + RSM + TDML18, RBF + RSM + UDM, RSM) are discussed. The results show that the RBF + RSM is a very efficient method for the precise prediction of thermal-hydraulic performance: the minimum error is 2.17% for Nu and 5.30% for f. For RBF, it is not true that the more of train data, the more precision of the prediction. The parameter “spread” of RBF should be adjusted to optimize the prediction results. The prediction using RSM only can also obtain a good balance between precision and time cost with a maximum prediction error of 14.52%.
Charge identification of fragments with the emulsion spectrometer of the FOOT experiment
Authors: Galati Giuliana , Alexandrov Andrey , Alpat Behcet , Ambrosi Giovanni , Argirò Stefano , Diaz Raul Arteche , Bartosik Nazar , Battistoni Giuseppe , Belcari Nicola , Bellinzona Elettra , Biondi Silvia , Bisogni Maria Giuseppina , Bruni Graziano , Carra Pietro , Cerello Piergiorgio , Ciarrocchi Esther , Clozza Alberto , Colombi Sofia , Guerra Alberto Del , De Simoni Micol , Di Crescenzo Antonia , Di Ruzza Benedetto , Donetti Marco , Dong Yunsheng , Durante Marco , Faccini Riccardo , Ferrero Veronica , Fiandrini Emanuele , Finck Christian , Fiorina Elisa , Fischetti Marta , Francesconi Marco , Franchini Matteo , Franciosini Gaia , Galli Luca , Gentile Valerio , Giraudo Giuseppe , Hetzel Ronja , Iarocci Enzo , Ionica Maria , Iuliano Antonio , Kanxheri Keida , Kraan Aafke Christine , Lante Valeria , La Tessa Chiara , Laurenza Martina , Lauria Adele , Torres Ernesto Lopez , Marafini Michela , Massimi Cristian , Mattei Ilaria , Mengarelli Alberto , Moggi Andrea , Montesi Maria Cristina , Morone Maria Cristina , Morrocchi Matteo , Muraro Silvia , Murtas Federica , Pastore Alessandra , Pastrone Nadia , Patera Vincenzo , Pennazio Francesco , Placidi Pisana , Pullia Marco , Raffaelli Fabrizio , Ramello Luciano , Ridolfi Riccardo , Rosso Valeria , Sanelli Claudio , Sarti Alessio , Sartorelli Gabriella , Sato Osamu , Savazzi Simone , Scavarda Lorenzo , Schiavi Angelo , Schuy Christoph , Scifoni Emanuele , Sciubba Adalberto , Sécher Alexandre , Selvi Marco , Servoli Leonello , Silvestre Gianluigi , Sitta Mario , Spighi Roberto , Spiriti Eleuterio , Sportelli Giancarlo , Stahl Achim , Tioukov Valeri , Tomassini Sandro , Tommasino Francesco , Toppi Marco , Traini Giacomo , Valle Serena Marta , Vanstalle Marie , Villa Mauro , Weber Ulrich , Zarrella Roberto , Zoccoli Antonio , De Lellis Giovanni
Published: August 2021

The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment is an international project designed to carry out the fragmentation cross-sectional measurements relevant for charged particle therapy (CPT), a technique based on the use of charged particle beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The FOOT detector consists of an electronic setup for the identification of

Z
≥
3

Z\ge 3

fragments and an emulsion spectrometer for

Z
≤
3

Z\le 3

fragments. The first data taking was performed in 2019 at the GSI facility (Darmstadt, Germany). In this study, the charge identification of fragments induced by exposing an emulsion detector, embedding a

C

2

H

4

{{\rm{C}}}_{2}{{\rm{H}}}_{4}

target, to an oxygen ion beam of 200 MeV/n is discussed. The charge identification is based on the controlled fading of nuclear emulsions in order to extend their dynamic range in the ionization response.