bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Space-Time Correlation Model for MRC Receivers in Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Sámano-Robles Ramiro
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a statistical model for maximum ratio combining (MRC) receivers in Rayleigh fading channels enabled with a temporal combining process. This means that the receiver effectively combines spatial and temporal branch components. Therefore, the signals that will be processed by the MRC receiver are collected not only across different antennas (space), but also at different instants of time. This suggests the use of a retransmission, repetition or space-time coding algorithm that forces the receiver to store signals in memory at different instants of time. Eventually, these stored signals are combined after a predefined or dynamically optimized number of time-slots or retransmissions. The model includes temporal correlation features in addition to the space correlation between the signals of the different components or branches of the MRC receiver. The derivation uses a frequency domain approach (using the characteristic function of the random variables) to obtain closed-form expressions of the statistics of the post-processing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under the assumption of equivalent correlation in time and equivalent correlation in space. The described methodology paves the way for the reformulation of other statistical functions as a frequency-domain polynomial root analysis problem. This is opposed to the infinite series approach that is used in the conventional methodology using directly the probability density function (PDF). The results suggest that temporal diversity is a good complement to receivers with limited spatial diversity capabilities. It is also shown that this additional operation could be maximized when the temporal diversity is adaptive (i.e., activated by thresholds of SNR), thus leading to a better resource utilization.
Development of an Improved Method of Sample Extraction and Quantitation of Multi-Mycotoxin in Feed by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Nakhjavan Bahar , Ahmed Nighat Sami , Khosravifard Maryam
Published: July 2020

A multi-mycotoxin chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3), T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) in feed. The three most popular sample preparation techniques for determination of mycotoxins have been evaluated, and the method with highest recoveries was selected and optimized. This modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) approach was based on the extraction with acetonitrile, salting-out and cleanup with lipid removal. A reconstitution process in methanol/water was used to improve the MS responses and then the extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In this method, the recovery range is 70–100% for DON, DAS, FB1, FB2, FB3, HT-2, T-2, OTA, ZON, AFG1, AFG2, AFB1 and AFB2 and 55% for NIV in the spike range of 2–80 µg/kg. Method robustness was determined with acceptable z-scores in proficiency tests and validation experiments.
Oropouche Virus Infects, Persists and Induces IFN Response in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Identified by RNA PrimeFlow™ and qRT-PCR Assays
Authors: Ribeiro Amorim Mariene , Cornejo Pontelli Marjorie , Fabiano de Souza Gabriela , Primon Muraro Stéfanie , Toledo-Teixeira Daniel A. , Forato Julia , Bispo-dos-Santos Karina , Barbosa Natália S. , Cavalheiro Martini Matheus , Lorencini Parise Pierina , Vieira Aline , Paier Milanez Guilherme , Lamberti Pinto daSilva Luis , Jaychand Lalwani Pritesh , Santos Farias Alessandro , Ramirez Vinolo Marco Aurélio , Sesti-Costa Renata , Arruda Eurico , Proenca-Modena Jose Luiz
Published: July 2020

Oropouche orthobunyavirus (OROV) is an emerging arbovirus with a high potential of dissemination in America. Little is known about the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) response during OROV infection in humans. Thus, to evaluate human leukocytes susceptibility, permissiveness and immune response during OROV infection, we applied RNA hybridization, qRT-PCR and cell-based assays to quantify viral antigens, genome, antigenome and gene expression in different cells. First, we observed OROV replication in human leukocytes lineages as THP-1 monocytes, Jeko-1 B cells and Jurkat T cells. Interestingly, cell viability and viral particle detection are maintained in these cells, even after successive passages. PBMCs from healthy donors were susceptible but the infection was not productive, since neither antigenome nor infectious particle was found in the supernatant of infected PBMCs. In fact, only viral antigens and small quantities of OROV genome were detected at 24 hpi in lymphocytes, monocytes and CD11c+ cells. Finally, activation of the Interferon (IFN) response was essential to restrict OROV replication in human PBMCs. Increased expression of type I/III IFNs, ISGs and inflammatory cytokines was detected in the first 24 hpi and viral replication was re-established after blocking IFNAR or treating cells with glucocorticoid. Thus, in short, our results show OROV is able to infect and remain in low titers in human T cells, monocytes, DCs and B cells as a consequence of an effective IFN response after infection, indicating the possibility of leukocytes serving as a trojan horse in specific microenvironments during immunosuppression.
Adaptive Neural Motion Control of a Quadrotor UAV
Authors: Yañez-Badillo Hugo , Tapia-Olvera Ruben , Beltran-Carbajal Francisco
Published: July 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have generated considerable interest in different research fields. The motion control problem is among the most important issues to be solved since system dynamic stability depends on the robustness of the main controller against endogenous and exogenous disturbances. In spite of different controllers have been introduced in the literature for motion control of fixed and rotary wing vehicles, there are some challenges for improving controller features such as simplicity, robustness, efficiency, adaptability, and stability. This paper outlines a novel approach to deal with the induced effects of external disturbances affecting the flight of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. The aim of our study is to further extend the current knowledge of quadrotor motion control by using both adaptive and robust control strategies. A new adaptive neural trajectory tracking control strategy based on B-spline artificial neural networks and on-line disturbance estimation for a quadrotor is proposed. A linear extended state observer is used for estimating time-varying disturbances affecting the controlled nonlinear system dynamics. B-spline artificial neural networks are properly synthesized for on-line calculating control gains of an adaptive Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) scheme. Simulation results highlight the implementation of such a controller is able to reject disturbances meanwhile perform proper motion control by exploiting the robustness, disturbance rejection, adaptability, and self-learning capabilities.
Honey Bee Virus Transmission via Hive Products
Authors: Schittny Dominik , Yañez Orlando , Neumann Peter
Published: July 2020

The global trade of honey bee hive products has raised concern about pathogen transmission. However, the efficacy of hive products as virus vehicles is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the transmission capacity of hive products for Deformed wing virus genotype A (DWV-A) in a fully-crossed hoarding cage experiment and estimated the transmission risk by screening commercial products. Western honey bee workers were provided with honey, pollen and wax either contaminated with high (~2 × 109), medium (~1.7 × 108), low (~8 × 106) or zero (control) DWV-A genome copies. For 10 days, mortality was monitored. Then, virus titers were quantified in bee heads and 38 commercial products using RT-qPCR. For honey and pollen, a positive association between DWV-A concentration and mortality was observed. High concentrations always resulted in infections, medium ones in 47% of cases and low ones in 20% of cases. No significant difference was observed between the tested products. In commercial honey and pollen, 7.7 × 102–1.8 × 105 and 1.4 × 103–1.3 × 104 DWV-A copies per gram were found, respectively. The results show that DWV-A transmission via hive products is feasible. The risk of introducing novel viruses and/or strains should be considered in trade regulations by including virus analyses for health certificates of hive products
Critical Water Geographies: From Histories to Affect
Authors: Mustafa Daanish , Halvorson Sarah J.
Published: July 2020

Water resource geography has undergone a considerable transformation since its original moorings in engineering and the pure sciences. As this Special Issue demonstrates, many intellectual and practical gains are being made through a politicized practice of water scholarship. This work by geographers integrates a critical social scientific perspective on agency, power relations, method and most importantly the affective/emotional aspects of water with profound familiarity and expertise across sub-disciplines and regions. Here, the ‘critical’ aspects of water resource geography imply anti-positivist epistemologies pressed into the service of contributing to social justice and liberation from water-related political and material struggles. The five papers making up this Special Issue address these substantive and theoretical concerns across South and West Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and North America.
Approaches for creating infrastructures for network and Internet innovations
Authors: Petkova Margarita
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present work is to consider the different options for building of test platforms (testbeds) for innovative research mainly on the next generation Internet. Test platforms for next generation networks in various related projects are considered: PlanetLab, Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), FIRE (Future Internet Research and Experimentation), FEDERICA, OneLab2, PANLAB, PII ( Panlab II, WISEBED. The results are related to obtaining summary information about the structures and features of the operation of the test platforms. Contributions to the work are the in-depth analysis of the features of building, virtualization, division and provision of shared resources, as well as the ways of unification (federation) and management of test platforms.
Study of the risk of scheme of traffic light as risk technical system with the fault tree method
Authors: Simeonova Tsvetelina
Published: July 2020

The aim of the paper is to develop a methodology for risk analysis and risk assessment of a risk technical system (traffic light scheme) using the fault tree method. Results: Analysis of the risk of risk technical systems through a fault tree gives an unambiguous relationship between element parameters and parameters of equivalent elements describing a system or a part of a system. An example of risk analysis of a risk technical system (traffic light-scheme) is shown with the fault tree method applicable to students training on risk analysis and management, including a sample scheme and a tree scheme (according to accepted assumptions) and with the possibility of calculating it and determining the risk at the assumed value of the damage. Contributions: A methodology for analysis and risk assessment of risk technical systems (traffic lightscheme) has been developed and an example has been developed for the students' training in risk analysis and management.
Trends in the use of high technology solutions for cybersecurity of critical infrastructure
Authors: Ivanova Yoana
Published: July 2020

The aim of the paper is to present innovative technologies that contribute to strengthening cybersecurity of critical infrastructure. It focuses on trends in the use of high-tech solutions for cybersecurity of critical infrastructure. They are analyzed the capabilities of the next-generation cybersecurity model, as well as the role of the simulation modelling and expert systems in the process of identifying and preventing cyber attacks. The main result of the study is the description of the overall sequence of steps to be completed in a model in order to a simulation study of the impact of a DoS – attack to it. The applied conributions are expressed in developing the algorithms in the form of block diagrams because of the comparative clarity and accessibility of this approach. Therefore, they are suitable for implementation in professional simulation environments. Тhe types of algorithms and their properties, as well as the symbolism of the geometric blocks used are explained in detail and supported by examples of author's empirical studies conducted in the selected simulation products
Main problems in the development and provision of personalized electronic training content
Authors: Blagoev Ivaylo , Monov Vladimir , Vassileva Gergana
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is addressing of the main issues with today's software solutions for developing interactive learning content. As a result, the main approaches are derived to providing adaptive personalized training are outlined and the key problems in creating personalized interactive e-learning are systematized.
What's Lost, What's Left, What's Next: Lessons Learned from the Lived Experiences of Teachers during the 2020 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Reich Justin , Buttimer Christopher J. , Coleman Dan , Colwell Richard D , Faruqi Farah , Larke Laura R.
Published: July 2020

To more deeply understand the practice and professional experiences of educators during the 2020 extended school closures, we interviewed 40 teachers from across the country in public, charter, and private schools, at different grade levels, and in different subject areas. From our conversations, three key themes emerged: 1) Student Motivation: Teachers struggled to motivate their students through two layers of computer screens; 2) Professional Loss and Burnout: As they lost familiar means of teaching, teachers also lost a fundamental sense of their own efficacy and professional identity; and, 3) Exacerbated Inequities: This sense of loss grew deeper as teachers witnessed the dramatic intensification of the societal inequalities that had always shaped their students’ lives. Effective planning for school reopening in Fall 2020 will require understanding and addressing these challenges facets of teachers’ experience. We propose five design considerations to plan for resilience: center equity, focus on relationship-building, address student motivation, address staff motivation and burnout, and mitigate uncertainty.Full, de-identified transcripts of most teacher interviews are available at https://osf.io/2fjtc/. Other researchers who have interviewed teachers this spring and summer are encouraged to share their data there as well.
DEPICTED AND DEPICTING WORD: A.N. OSTROVSKY, N.S. LESKOV, I.S. SHMELEV
Authors: Mosaleva G.V.
Published: July 2020

The article considers artistic principles of representing folk speech reflected in the creative works of three Russian canonical writers such as A.N. Ostrovsky, N.S. Leskov, I.S. Shmelyov. Images of people’s life stem from speech activity. Critical literature about the writers mentioned above focuses on speech as a subject matter and on its objective status. However in the creative works of the writers under discussion the word proves to be both depicted and depicting, while claiming iconicity as the key principle of text structuring. Literary works of these writers are affected by the genre concept of the ancient Russian literature as well as by the temple and liturgic ontos of the Orthodox Church. The paper highlights Ostrovsky’s constituent efforts to create dramaturgy as a national poetic epos reflected in the temple and litulrgic and iconic symbols, in the aspiration of the national playwright to portray ideal images and concept of the Ideal shared by the people. Referring to Leskov’s creative works the author emphasizes his focus on ecclesiastical discourse, on the Sacred Writings. Therefore Leskov’s poetics is saturated with visual iconic images and liturgic images and is marked with ecphrasis, iconography of sainthood referred to the phenomenon of foolishness for Christ. Leskov’s writings are regarded as a vocal icon of Russia, as a narration with its typical “Russian nesting doll” (“matryoshechnaya”) structure reflecting Orthodox code of Russian culture. Iconic principles of representation are reflected in all Smelyov’s writings: in the plots, compositions, motives, images-symbols. The author refutes an opinion about Shmelyov as a writer-ethnographer, portrayer of pre-revolutionary way of life. The paper proves symbolism and material sacralization of Shmelyov’s poetics, his contribution to develop principles of non-verbal narration, principles of visual iconic symbolism.
SOME TYPES OF CULTURAL HERO IN B. PASTERNAK’s NOVEL “DOCTOR ZHIVAGO”
Authors: Morozov S.V.
Published: July 2020

The significance of the snowstorm image in B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago” is characterized. A comparative analysis of the positions of B. Pasternak and A. Blok in relation to the revolutionary events of 1917 and their reflection in “Doctor Zhivago” and in the poem “Twelve” is carried out. The image of Yuri Zhivago is investigated from the point of view of the type of cultural hero - the Ascetic. The characteristic is given to the image of Antipov - Strelnikov as a representative of the type of cultural hero - Conquistador.
RELIGIOUS EKPHRASIS IN N.KOLYADA’s PLAY “PICTURE”
Authors: Goryunov D.V. , Zagorodneva K.V.
Published: July 2020

Taking into account the results and prospects of studying ekphrasis, religious ekphrasis is considered in the article as a verbal representation of religious artifacts. On the material of modern literature, in particular, the early play of the repertoire of Russian playwright N.V. Kolyada “Picture” (1996), the features of this type of ekphrasis are studied in the context of visual magic which was meaningful throughout the existence of art. An attempt is made to relate the icon as a theurgic act, in which “spiritual life is witnessed in images of flesh” (Sergiy Bulgakov), and a picture on the religious plot. In the play the picture on the religious plot "The Holy Family" becomes the main character. Particular attention is paid to the complex interweaving and the collision of the sacred and the profane in a one-act play by N.V. Kolyada. The sacral implies a religious plot, the transformation of the heroes contemplating the picture, their comparison with the characters in the picture, the emphasis on the Mother of God ideal and the Christian deed of the woman; the profane is meant as interpretation of the religious plot by an unknown artist, the location of the picture, the speech of the characters, replete with abuse and obscenity, a desire for material values and the motive of the absorption of dumplings. The problematization of the boundaries between the sacred and profane in this play is substantiated. The role of the Vietnamese in the play is summarized through the prism of detailed remarks, and the time of action - the night - is emphasized.
THE FATE OF SIBERIA IN MODERN RUSSIAN ANTI-UTOPIAN BOOK
Authors: Krylova M.N.
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes how the modern science fiction (the genres of anti-utopia and post-apocalypse) interprets the image of Siberia and predicts the fate of Siberia. In studied works of literature an attention is paid to such real features of this region as geographical distance from the center, low population, low development of the territory, the relativity of civilizational penetration into remote areas of Siberia, poor climate. The geographical proximity to China and the presence of a significant amount of Chinese immigrants in current Siberia are the basis of assumptions of writers about the Chinese expansion. Geographical remoteness from the center encourages to fantasize about the separation of Siberia into a special state. Positive predictions of Siberia development in the case of global cataclysms prevail: the writers suggest that the climate of Siberia will improve, that the geographical remoteness from Europe will save Siberia from negative technological and political exposures. Belief in the power of Siberia prevails in the fantastic assumptions of modern Russian writers.
BALTIC HYDRONYMIA OF THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION
Authors: Fedchenko O.D.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of hydronyms of the Kirov region and Udmurtia. The origin of the names of large rivers (about 100 km and more in length) of the Kama-Vyatka region is considered. The systematization of hydronyms, received their names in the Baltic language environment, is carried out. The names of the rivers have an etymology related to such concepts as the river, the channel, the flow. The proposed article provides an opportunity to clarify the archaeological and historical aspects of the life of ancient people in the Volga region and the Kama region. The opinion is confirmed that the tribes of battle axes were the local population in the territory of the Kama-Vyatka region before the appearance of the Finno-Ugric peoples there.
FIXED COSTS AND FLIGHT FROM PROPERTY. PROSPECTS FOR THE “GARAGE” AND DIGITAL ECONOMIES
Authors: Anokhov I.V.
Published: July 2020

Ways to reduce fixed costs of manufacturing firms using digital technologies and organizational tools are considered. The company's activities are divided into four functional levels: production, supply, economic, and design and technology. The article concludes that in the conditions of increasingly large-scale digitalization of all spheres of the state, society and economy, their transparency will increase. This, on the one hand, makes it easier to copy successful business decisions, and, on the other hand, increases the supervisory and tax pressure. All this is reinforced by the inability of the world economy to expand its size due to its reaching the boundaries of the global market, which inevitably affects all regional markets. In this situation, we can expect a slowdown in the turnover of capital invested in fixed assets and their transformation into a source of losses. This may cause a flight from property, some signs of which are already visible at this time. The article examines the management of fixed costs in the digital economy. It is concluded that the main type of fixed costs will be the cost of such an element of fixed assets as a "Calculator", access to which will be open to all economic entities. This will lead to maximum openness of their business activities and force them to move to a "garage" economy. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and educational activities when considering questions about the nature and trends of development of production companies.
ELECTRIC POWER AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Dzyuba A.P.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics and role of the Russian electric power industry in the national economy in comparison with the countries of the world. The materials provide an empirical comprehensive analysis of the performance indicators of the electric power industry sectors in the context of the countries of the world, with the identification of Russia's place in the world electric power balance. The information base of the study was the parameters of electricity consumption and the volume of gross domestic product of various countries of the world, as well as the characteristics of the structure of electricity production and consumption. The methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical and statistical analysis were used. Based on the indicators of the electric intensity of the gross domestic product and electricity consumption per capita, a comparative assessment of the characteristics of the energy efficiency of Russia is carried out in comparison with various countries of the world. The materials provide a comparative analysis of the indicators of the structure of electricity generation by type of sources, as well as by type of fossil fuel used, with the identification of characteristics of electricity production in Russia. Based on the analysis, the author draws conclusions about the main advantages of the electric power complex of Russia over the countries of the world, as well as about the advantages existing over electricity consumers operating within the country. The analysis made it possible to develop recommendations on the general directions of the implementation of the policy in the field of increasing the energy efficiency of electricity consumption on the scale of the Russian economy.
YOUTH POLICY AS AN OBJECT OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kasatkina E.A. , Artykov S.T.
Published: July 2020

This article is devoted to the study of youth policy and youth problems in the municipality. Youth is currently one of the priority segments of management at all levels of the territorial organization - federal, regional, local. The authors determined that the solution of youth problems, management of youth policy should take into account the interests and characteristics of all subjects at all levels of territorial organization. The article presents data on the budget expenditures of the municipality for youth policy and health improvement of children, and concludes that they have decreased in dynamics. At the same time, the combination of state power and local self-government depends on the level of resolution of the problem of differentiation of subjects of competence and powers between state authorities and local self-government bodies. It is formulated that the criterion of effectiveness of youth policy is the correspondence of actual indicators to the target indicators of the state program of the Udmurt Republic “Development of physical culture, sports and youth policy”. The authors analyzed the indicators of social effectiveness of the implementation of youth policy in the municipality. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is formulated about the decrease in the number of young families during the considered period. The number of young people registered with the diagnosis “alcoholism” is lower than the planned indicators, however, in fact, there is no decrease in the number of such young people. An extremely alarming trend of growth in the number of young people aged 14-30 years registered with the diagnosis “narcomania” was revealed. In conclusion, the authors identify the main problems of modern youth policy in the municipality “city of Sarapul” and formulate the directions of their solution.
PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LAW EVALUATION OF PATENT TROLLING
Authors: Rovneyko V.V.
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the issues of criminal law and legal assessment of patent trolling, which, on the one hand, is a kind of abuse of law and violation of the principle of good faith of participants in civil legal relations, and, on the other hand, has a sufficient degree of public danger and prevalence to be the basis of criminal liability. The author's conclusions are based on the study of media materials and judicial practice. Most of the “victims” of patent trolling pay money, not being mistaken about the legality of the claims, but being guided by the desire to avoid legal costs and other problems associated with litigation. Establishing the criminal legal nature of patent trolling is somewhat problematic, since it is a combination of fraud and extortion in the broad sense of these concepts. Signs of existing crimes, such as fraud (article 159 of the criminal code) and extortion (article 163 of the criminal code), contain definitions of these concepts in a narrow sense. This does not allow such actions to be classified as specified crimes.
Staining-free observation of polymer blend thin films on transmission extreme ultraviolet microscopy
Authors: Toyoda Mitsunori , Aizawa Shunsuke , Gondai Shiori , Kakudate Toshiyuki , Ageishi Masaki , Jinnai Hiroshi , Chen Jun
Published: July 2020

Transmission extreme ultraviolet microscopy is applied to the staining-free observation of a poly(styrene–methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) blend. At a photon energy of 92 eV, the imaginary part of the atomic scattering factor for oxygen, which represents the absorption, is four-times larger than that of carbon, and microstructures can be visualized by the contrast resulting from the presence of oxygen. Based on the signal to noise ratio of the images, we consider the optimum photon energy and sample thickness for common polymer blends. Finally, a practical high contrast of 30% is successfully demonstrated for the PS/PMMA thin film.
Multilayer Machine Learning-Assisted Optimization-Based Robust Design and Its Applications to Antennas and Arrays
Authors: Chen Weiqi , Wu Qi , Yu Chen , Wang Haiming , Hong Wei
Published: July 2020

An efficient multilayer machine learning-assisted optimization (ML-MLAO)-based robust design method is proposed for antenna and array applications. Machine learning methods are introduced into multiple layers of the robust design process, including worst-case analysis (WCA), maximum input tolerance hypervolume (MITH) searching, and robust optimization, considerably accelerating the whole robust design process. First, based on a surrogate model mapping between the design parameters and performance, WCA is performed using a genetic algorithm to ensure reliability. MITH searching is then carried out using a double-layer MLAO (DL-MLAO) framework to find the MITH of the given design point. Next, based on the training set obtained using DL-MLAO, correlations between the design parameters and the MITH are learned. The robust design is carried out using surrogate models for both the performance and the MITH, and these models are updated online following the ML-MLAO scheme. Furthermore, two examples, including an array synthesis problem and an antenna design problem, are used to verify the proposed ML-MLAO method. Finally, the numerical results and computation time are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Vaccination with virus-like particles containing hemagglutinin protects the lungs of mice with postifluenza bacterial pneumonia: virological, microbiological and clinical data
Authors: Falynskova I. N. , Egorov A. Yu. , Poddubikov A. V. , Vartanova N. O. , Kartashova N. P. , Glubokova E. A. , Mkhitarov V. A. , Dzhalilova D. S. , Makarova O. V. , Leneva I. A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Influenza is a severe viral disease, a frequent complication of which is a secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza vaccines prevent secondary bacterial complications. Virus-like particles are one of the promising areas for the development of new vaccines. The aim of this work is to study the correlation of the pathomorphological characteristics of the lungs with clinical, virological, and microbiological markers of the disease at vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs), containing hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus (HA-Gag-VLPs) in a murine model of secondary bacterial pneumonia induced by S. pneumoniae after influenza infection. Material and methods. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with VLPs containing influenza HA. After 21 days, mice were infected with two strains of influenza viruses, homologous and non-homologous, and 5 days after viral infection, were infected with S. pneumoniae. The vaccination effect was evaluated by morphological, virological (titer of the virus in the lungs) and microbiological (titer of bacteria in the lungs) data, and was confirmed by clinical data (survival, change in body weight). Results. Immunization with HA-Gag-VLPs, followed by infection with a homologous influenza virus and S. pneumoniae, reduced the area of foci of inflammation, inhibited the replication of the virus and bacteria in the lungs, and also protected animals from death and reduced their weight loss. Immunization with HA-Gag-VLPs upon infection with a heterologous strain and S. pneumoniae did not affect these criteria. Conclusion. The immunization with HA-Gag-VLPs prevented the viral replication, providing a reduction of S. pneumoniae titer and the degree of lung damage, protecting animals from the disease in a murine model of secondary bacterial pneumonia, induced by S. pneumoniae, after influenza infection with homologous strain of the virus.
The use of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors in combination with a fusion inhibitor in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: hypothesis
Authors: Gaisenok O. V.
Published: July 2020

This review article considers the possibilities of combined antiviral therapy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, based on the analysis of the mechanism of action of known antiviral drugs in the framework of the medical hypothesis. The potential effectiveness of the joint use of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors and a fusion inhibitor in this pathology is discussed. The review discusses the main representatives of these groups of drugs – ribavirin, riamilovir, umifenovir, favipiravir. The efficacy and safety profile of these drugs was analyzed, including the experience of their use in clinical trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as earlier work performed during the SARS and MERS epidemics.
L’impresa selvicolturale alla luce del decreto legislativo 3 aprile 2018, n. 34 “Testo unico in materia di foreste e filiere forestali”
Authors: Mauro Mario
Published: July 2020

The Consolidated Law on forests and forest supply chains (Legislative Decree 34/2018) sets new balances in the management of national heritage forestry, introducing principles and rules to enhance its intrinsic multifunctionality. To achieve this, the concept of sustainable forest management is introduced, to which silviculture is delegated to provide a valuable contribution. The study investigates how a special legislation, oriented to give a systematic arrangement to the multiple public and private interests, that gravitate around the woods, can support silvicultural production, keeping in mind that silviculture has always been included in the Civil Code among the activities of the agricultural enterprise.
IDEOLOGIA, NOVOS ATORES E DISPUTA POLÍTICA NOS EUA
Authors: Gontijo Caio , Ramos Leonardo
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva analisar a emergência de novos atores na disputa política atual nos Estados Unidos. Mantemos nossa análise no nível superestrutural da ideologia, com apenas algumas menções ao nível da base material produtiva e reprodutiva. Apresentamos o processo desde o Occupy Movement até a vitória de Trump, em 2016, como um movimento visando um fim, mas que acaba realizando seu contrário. Analisamos a eleição de Trump como uma vitória cesarista num momento de crise orgânica e pormenorizamos seus elementos ideológicos constituintes. Em seguida, apresentamos o período de 2016-2020 como um período de retorno às ‘formas mais democráticas’, distante do ‘democratismo’ formal vigente até então. Disto, se segue uma apresentação da conjuntura mais imediatamente atual, marcada pela pandemia do coronavírus e as eleições presidenciais de 2020. Por fim, propomos uma conclusão que sintetize nossa discussão pregressa com foco na questão da ideologia contemporaneamente nos Estados Unidos, resultando na apresentação de quatro breves teses.
Recebido em 24 de maio de 2020Aceito em 18 de junho de 2020Editado em julho de 2020
PEDAGOGÍA, POLÍTICA Y FILOSOFÍA DE LA PRAXIS EN ANTONIO GRAMSCI
Authors: Gómez Sebastián
Published: July 2020

En las últimas décadas en Italia se asiste a un verdadero redescubrimiento de la obra de Antonio Gramsci. El trabajo comenzado en la década del 90 por una Edición nacional de los escritos gramscianos ha involucrado a un conjunto de especialistas que arrojaron una renovada visión del prolífero y versátil corpus. Inspirados, en buena medida, por la perspectiva que en 1984 inauguró Gianni Francioni con L’officina gramsciana, nuevas camadas se acercan a Gramsci y estudian diacrónicamente una obra que emerge no tanto como un riguroso sistema sino como una reflexión abierta e inacabada. Dentro de esta renovada camada, se sitúa el trabajo de Baldacci.
Recebido em 14 de março de 2020Aceito em 28 de maio de 2020Editado em julho de 2020
A TRAGÉDIA E A FARSA
Authors: Fiera Letícia , Flores Renata L. B.
Published: July 2020

Parte da Coleção Emergências, iniciativa da Editora Expressão Popular junto à Fundação Rosa Luxemburgo, A tragédia e a farsa: a ascensão das direitas no Brasil contemporâneo, de Flávio H. C. Casimiro, apresenta um detalhado inventário da atuação das diversas frações da burguesia por meio de seus Aparelhos Privados de Hegemonia (APH). Com riqueza de dados, traz à luz intelectuais orgânicos, demonstra interconexões entre estes e seus aparatos de atuação política e não deixa dúvidas quanto ao projeto de classe comprometido com a acumulação capitalista que deu lugar à ascensão da parcela mais conservadora que se vê hoje representada na presidência da República. 
Recebido em 25 de maio de 2020Aceito em 20 de junho de 2020Editado em julho de 2020
EFEKTIVITAS KARBON AKTIF JERAMI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR MANGAN (Mn) AIR SUMUR GALI (Studi di Puskesmas Krian pada Ruang UGD Kabupaten Sidoarjo 2019)
Authors: Utami Sari Putri , Nurmayanti Demes , . Marlik
Published: July 2020

The ground water used is dug well water. In order to meet health requirements it needs processing in quality. Some well water contains high minerals in the form of manganese, manganese content of more than 0.5 mg/L can interfere with human health, it is necessary to process the adsorption process. Straw as an adsorbent contains cellulose which can bind metal ions. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of straw activated carbon as an adsorbent material in reducing manganese content in dug well water.This type of research is one group pretest-posttest design that compares the decrease in manganese levels before and after the adsorption process was carried out using adsorbent straw activated carbon. The study was carried out in 7 treatments with controls, and variations in the mass of activated carbon straw were 5 gr, 10 gr, 15 gr, 20 gr, 25 gr, 30 gr. The treatment was carried out 4 the results of the replication were examined in the Laboratory. Data analysis using One Way Anova test.The results showed that the adsorption of straw activated carbon could reduce manganese levels in well water digging the initial level 1.119 mg/L to 1.161 mg/L mass 0 gr, 1.127 mg/L mass 5 gr, 1.132 mg/L mass 10 gr, 0.984 mg/L mass of 15 gr, 0.972 mg/L mass of 20 gr, 0.977 mg/L mass of 25 gr, and 0.855 mg/L mass of 30 gr. Based on the results of the One Way Anova test and the LSD follow-up test obtained by the treatment group which has the greatest influence on the average in reducing the levels of manganese water in the well, namely the mass of 30 gr with an efficiency of 23.59%.It was concluded that the adsorption of straw activated carbon was able to reduce manganese (Mn) levels but was not yet effective. The mass that has a large influence on average in reducing manganese levels is 30 gr. Further research is needed to be able to achieve adsorption efficiency and find an effort to reduce turbidity in sample water after treatment and it is recommended to increase the mass variation of straw activated carbon. KEYWORDS : dug well water, manganese, straw activated carbon
DAYA PREDASI IKAN CUPANG (Betta splendens) DAN IKAN PLATI PEDANG (Xyphophorus Helleri) TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti
Authors: Alim Fathul , . Winarko , Sari Ernita
Published: July 2020

Ikan cupang sudah terbukti sebagai pemangsa jentik aedes aegypti atau ikan bersifat karnivora yang memakan hampir semua binatang kecil yang hidup di air. Sedangkan di tempat-tempat budidaya, beberapa pakan alami yang umumnya diberikan yaitu daphnia, moina dan cacing Tubifek. Ikan cupang juga diketahui merupakan salah satu ikan predator jentik nyamuk. Ikan plati pedang termasuk ikan omnivora, tetapi lebih cenderung menyukai makanan dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Makanan harus tersedia sejak fase larva, oleh karena itu kebanyakan pembudidaya ikan terlebih dahulu telah menyediakan atau melakukan kultur pakan alami sebelum memijahkan ikan. Menurut penelitian terdahulu ikan Xyphophorus Helleri (ikan plati pedang) dengan ukuran kira-kira 2 cm dalam waktu 1 hari dapat memangsa larva atau jentik nyamuk mencapai 116 ekor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan  daya predasi  ikan cupang (Betta sp.) dan ikan plati pedang (xyphophorus Helleri) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.Jenis penelitian ini adalah  eksperimen murni yang dilaksanakan di lab. entomologi dengan desain one shoot chase study. Subyek penelitian adalah larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III, ikan cupang dan plati pedang masing-masing replikasi sebanyak 16 kali. Setiap waktu pengamatan  menggunakan larva instar III sebanyak 25 ekor. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 1 jam. Analisis data menggunakan independent samples test. Kriteria uji Independent Samples Test : jika nilai p value 0.000, membuktikan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara daya predator ikan cupang (Betta sp.) dengan ikan plati pedang (xyphophorus Helleri) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan sebaliknya.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa daya predasi ikan cupang dan plati pedang dalam waktu 1 jam sudah habis memangsa semua larva jentik dengan persentase 100%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ikan Cupang dan ikan Plati Pedang selama kurun waktu 1 jam mampu memangsa larva Aedes aegypti 100%Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan dan masyarakat menggunakan ikan Plati Pedang sebagai pemberantasan Vektor Aedes aegypti secara biologis melalui larvanya dan bagi penelitian lain perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahu kecepatan daya predasi. Kata Kunci: daya predasi ikan cupang (Betta sp.), ikan plati pedang (xyphophorus Helleri), larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
KEBERADAAN JENTIK DAN PERILAKU PSN TERHADAP KEJADIAN DBD (STUDI PADA WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS CANDI TAHUN 2019)
Authors: Iskandar Fernanda Fitriani , Kriswandana Ferry , . Rusmiati
Published: July 2020

Demam berdarah merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes dan telah menyebar di daerah tropis khususnya Indonesia. Salah satu faktor meningkatnya kasus penyakit demam beradarah dengue ialah faktor kondisi lingkungan sekitar dan perilaku PSN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dengan perilaku PSN terhadap kejadian demam berdarah dengue di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candi Kecamatan Candi Kabupaten Sidoarjo.Metode yang digunakan case control dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling dan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 60 rumah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan penyebaran kuisioner pada responden. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku PSN masyarakat cukup, tetapi ditemukannya keberadaan jentik 33,3% di 20 rumah dengan nilai p > 0,028 menyatakan ada hubungan antara keberadan jentik dengan kejadian DBD Perilaku PSN yang meliputi pengetahuan (p<0,031), sikap (p>0,347) dan tindakan (p<0,02). Artinya, pengetahuan dan tindakan responden memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian DBD. Sedangkan, sikap responden tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian DBD. Selain itu, Perilaku PSN (p>0,037) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian DBD.Dari hasil penelitian bahwa perilaku PSN yang baik dapat mengurangi keberadaan jentik penular DBD. Dengan demikian dapat disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan upaya PSN terhadap kejadian DBD
ВЕНДИНГ КАК СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТОРГОВЛИ
Authors: Бекмурзаев И.Д. , Хажмурадова С.Д.
Published: July 2020

Вендингом называется продажа товаров и услуг с помощью торговых автоматов, принимающих оплату. В статье рассмотрены сущность и особенности организации вендингового бизнеса. Эффективность вендинговой торговли во многом зависит от правильной ее организации. Большинство ученых рассматривает вендинг не как отдельное направление предпринимательской деятельности, а лишь как средство автоматизации розничных продаж. В статье выделены основные преимущества вендинга и перспективы развития этого вида обслуживания населения в России.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB RENDAHNYA EFIKASI DIRI SISWA
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Rudin Abas
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Efikasi diri Siswa SMP Negeri 3 Sampolawa. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Informan dari penelitian ini berjumlah  4 orang. 1 orang guru, 1 orang Wali Kelas, dan 2 orang siswa. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Metode Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif model Miles dan Hubberman. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor–faktor  penyebab rendahnya efikasi diri siswa adalah: faktor pengalaman menguasai sesuatu, faktor modeling sosial, faktor persuasi sosial, faktor kondisi fisik dan emosional, faktor budaya, faktor jenis kelamin, faktor dari tugas yang dihadapi dan faktor insentif eksternal. Kata Kunci: Efikasi diri
Ideias Pedagógicas de Montessori no Brasil: Contributos à Educação Matemática
Authors: Silva da Silva Circe Mary , Barbosa Soares Waléria de Jesus
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como ocorreu a transferência, para o Brasil, das propostas pedagógicas de Maria Montessori e quais foram, dentre essas propostas, as que foram incorporadas ao ensino elementar da Matemática no período de 1911 a 1952. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem documental, apoiada no referencial das transferências culturais. Nossas fontes se encontram nos arquivos da hemeroteca digital da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro; no repositório da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; em livros didáticos, artigos e teses sobre a autora. Concluímos que as transferências das propostas pedagógicas de Montessori, no Brasil, ocorreram principalmente por meio de livros, artigos, periódicos, cursos oferecidos aos professores, exposições pedagógicas e pelas escolas montessorianas que surgiram na década de 1920. A apropriação de suas ideias no ensino da matemática no país deu-se com ênfase no ensino de iniciação aritmética e de conceitos elementares de geometria, com forte utilização dos materiais didáticos propostos por Montessori.