bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of monepantel secretion into milk by soy isoflavones
Authors: Gunes Yigit , Okyar Alper , Krajcsi Peter , Fekete Zsolt , Ustuner Oya
Published: November 2022

Monepantel (MNP), a novel anthelmintic drug from amino‐acetonitrile derivatives, is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). BCRP‐mediated milk secretion of drugs can be altered by isoflavones. In this study, we aimed to show how soy isoflavones and BCRP inhibitors genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) can modulate the secretion of MNP into milk. Moreover, we observed that the expression of BCRP in the lactating mammary gland of sheep was significantly higher than in non‐lactating sheep using Western blot analysis. These properties of MNP and MNPSO2 (monepantel sulfone, the major active metabolite of MNP), identified as a BCRP substrate in determining the interaction with BCRP, were examined by vesicular transport (VT) inhibition assays. In pharmacokinetic studies, we demonstrated the transport of MNP into milk in three experimental groups: G1 fed standard forage; G2 fed soy‐enriched forage; G3 fed standard forage paired with orally administered exogenous GEN and DAI. The concentrations of MNP and MNPSO2 were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Compared to the control group (3.27 ± 1.13 vs. 5.46 ± 2.23), the AUC (0–840 h) milk/plasma ratio decreased by 40% in the soy‐enriched diet group. The concentrations of GEN and DAI were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in soy. A VT inhibition assay was conducted to determine the IC50 values for MNP and MNPSO2 as BCRP inhibitors. This study showed that milk excretion of a BCRP substrate, such as monepantel, can be diminished by the presence of isoflavones in the diet.
Disruptive coloration and behavior facilitate camouflage of blue‐spotted cornetfish against complex coral reef bottoms
Authors: Castillo María Alejandra , Tavera Jose
Published: November 2022

Avoiding recognition involves the use of extraordinary strategies, among which camouflage is the most common. Crypsis, a usual form of camouflage, involves, among many other strategies, disruptive coloration that uses marks that disguise the contours of creatures to hide it. Fish that live on coral reefs have developed several cryptic strategies to avoid the risk of detection. The blue‐spotted cornetfish,Fistularia commersonii, presents a pattern of dark bands that give the perception of disruptive coloration; however, this strategy has not been characterized for this fish. This study was conducted on the eastern coral reefs of Gorgona Island National Natural Park (Colombia). To confirm whetherF. commersoniipresents a disruptive pattern, photographs, and videos in situ of the individuals were taken, in addition to recording aspects of their behavior during changes in coloration. After strict selection, different images were processed and evaluated using three different visual systems (potential predator, potential prey, and human) to calculate the GabRat metric, that is detect consistent to inconsistent edges of a pattern. The images analysed and the observations indicate that this species displays a disruptive pattern that is used more frequently in the reef flat and during alert states, either in the presence of a possible predator or during the search for food.
The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae: A profile update
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asim , Schwelm Arne , Zamani‐Noor Nazanin , Salih Rasha , Silvestre Vañó Marina , Wu Jiaxu , González García Melaine , Heick Thies Marten , Luo Chaoyu , Prakash Priyavashini , Pérez‐López Edel
Published: November 2022

Background

Plasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.

Disease symptoms

In the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club‐shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.

Host range

Members of the family Brassicaceae are the primary host of the pathogen, although some members of the family, such as Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus, and Raphanus sativus, have been identified as being consistently resistant to P. brassicae isolates with variable virulence profile.

Taxonomy

Class: Phytomyxea; Order: Plasmodiophorales; Family: Plasmodiophoraceae; Genus: Plasmodiophora; Species: Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin, 1877).

Distribution

Clubroot disease is spread worldwide, with reports from all continents except Antarctica. To date, clubroot disease has been reported in more than 80 countries.

Pathotyping

Based on its virulence on different hosts, P. brassicae is classified into pathotypes or races. Five main pathotyping systems have been developed to understand the relationship between P. brassicae and its hosts. Nowadays, the Canadian clubroot differential is extensively used in Canada and has so far identified 36 different pathotypes based on the response of a set of 13 hosts.

Effectors and resistance

After the identification and characterization of the clubroot pathogen SABATH‐type methyltransferase PbBSMT, several other effectors have been characterized. However, no avirulence gene is known, hindering the functional characterization of the five intercellular nucleotide‐binding (NB) site leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) clubroot resistance genes validated to date.

Important Link

Canola Council of Canada is constantly updating information about clubroot and P. brassicae as part of their Canola Encyclopedia: https://www.canolacouncil.org/canola‐encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/.

Phytosanitary categorization

PLADBR: EPPO A2 list; Annex designation 9E.
Dermatology mycology diagnostics in Ireland: National deficits identified in 2022 that are relevant internationally
Authors: Powell James , Porter Emma , Rafferty Siobhan , Field Sinead , O'Connell Nuala H. , Dunne Colum P.
Published: November 2022

Background

Conventional testing methods for dermatophytes are time‐consuming, and resource limitations in our institution have prompted curtailed access to these diagnostics.

Objectives

Evaluation of our hospital's dermatological mycology diagnostic services and similar services nationally.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study on skin, hair and nail mycology samples in our institution comparing twenty five‐year periods (2011–2015 and 2016–2021), including analysis of dermatology clinic data and correspondence related to fungal infection. A survey of national public hospitals' laboratories was conducted to evaluate their mycology testing capabilities.

Results

The total 5 year test count prior to curtailment was 4851 specimens comprising 90% (n = 4344) from general practice and 6% (n = 290) from dermatology clinics. For the 5 years post curtailment, 64.5% (582/903) of specimens were from dermatology clinics. Dermatology clinic data demonstrated doubling of attendances (for all conditions) and of correspondence related to fungal infection. During this time also, national dermatological antifungal purchasing increased 11%. Ten of 28 Irish public hospital laboratories reported the provision of in‐house dermatological mycology testing, and none had routine availability of susceptibility or molecular testing of dermatophytes.

Conclusion

This study is the first to report an appraisal of dermatological fungal diagnostic services in Ireland. Insufficient testing capacity implies that patients are either being treated for fungal infection without appropriate diagnostic confirmation, or being left untreated because of the lack of access to diagnostics. The introduction of molecular detection methods and susceptibility systems would enhance testing capabilities and reduce the requirement for the external referral.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Iranian Fusarium isolates: Emphasising on the potent inhibitory effect of efinaconazole compared to other drugs
Authors: Nosratabadi Mohsen , Faeli Leila , Haghani Iman , Mohammadi Rasoul , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Kachuei Reza , Katiraee Farzad , Aghili Seyed Reza , Shokohi Tahereh , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Nazeri Mehdi , Javan‐Nikkhah Mohammad , Zarrinfar Hossein , Javidnia Javad , Najafzadeh Mohammad‐Javad , Salimi Maryam , M.S. Al Hatmi Abdullah , Badali Hamid , Abastabar Mahdi
Published: November 2022

Background

Fusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens that remarkably cause fungal infections ranging from superficial to fatal invasive disseminated infections. Fusarium species are notoriously resistant to the majority of antifungal agents.

Objectives

Therefore, detailed studies regarding in vitro susceptibility are required and may lead to a better prognosis of severe infections.

Methods

We evaluated 25 antifungal drugs in vitro against 282 clinical and environmental Fusarium isolates.

Results

Fusarium species demonstrated high MICs/MECs values to the most commonly used antifungal drugs in clinical practice. The geometric mean (GM) MICs for luliconazole (0.004 μg/ml) and lanoconazole (0.012 μg/ml) were the lowest, followed by efinaconazole (0.98 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (1.04 μg/ml).

Conclusions

Efinaconazole, a novel triazole, may be a promising candidate for the treatment of superficial Fusarium infections. Furthermore, the development of systemic formulations of these drugs as well as further in vitro and in vivo investigations could aid in the treatment of systemic fusariosis.
Timing of scratch and limb movements during sleep in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gillow Gabrielle , Jackson Kathryn , Mukherji Janak , Buranosky Brooke , Palomo Regina , Sheldon Stephen , Fishbein Anna
Published: November 2022

In this retrospective analysis of children with atopic dermatitis (n = 6) who coincidentally had a video polysomnography, we found that most nocturnal limb movements in children with atopic dermatitis are non‐scratch versus scratch, 109.0 ± 67.9 vs. 15.3 ± 5.4 (p = 0.01). Average scratch duration was 8.4 ± 2.7 s, which was not different by sleep stage. Scratch movements are distinct in timing, occurring most often during N2 sleep, in the first third of sleep, and peaking at 90 minutes after sleep onset, corresponding with completion of the first sleep cycle.
Research centres and universities' intellectual capital: a quantitative empirical study of PhD holders' contributions
Authors: Scaringella Laurent
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the mechanisms of intellectual capital (IC) in knowledge‐intensive research centres and universities in the Minalogic cluster of Grenoble, France. We use structural equation modelling to analyse responses from 248 PhD holders. Our results show a positive relationship among human, relational, structural, and intellectual capital outcomes. We first contribute to the early understanding of IC mechanisms in research centres and universities by conducting a quantitative empirical study, which is novel to IC. We support the relation between knowledge‐based human capital and relational alliances capital and highlight the importance of employing PhD. holders. Second, unlike past studies, we offer empirical support that (a) relational alliances capital relates to structural innovation capital and (b) knowledge‐based human capital relates to structural innovation capital. We suggest that research centres and universities should develop an alliance portfolio for innovations. Third, we uncover that structural innovation capital relates to IC outcomes, contributing to the assessment of the economic and social role of public research centres and universities. This study presents managerial implications for policymakers and practitioners engaged in research centres and universities by highlighting the importance of key components of IC.
Sexual behaviour response, testicular development and semen quality of New Zealand white rabbit bucks as influenced by dietary chitosan
Authors: Kamal Mahmoud , Sindi Ramya A. , El‐Azzazi Fakhri E. , Kishk Waleid H. , Khalil Hassan A. , Abdel‐Khalek Ahmed M. , Ayoub Mostafa A. , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E.
Published: November 2022

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on sexual behaviour responses, testicular development, and semen quality traits of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit bucks. Twenty‐four 5‐week‐old rabbit bucks were used in this experiment. Animals were grouped into four equal experimental groups: the control group was fed only on a basal diet, whereas the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with three levels of chitosan at 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg, respectively. Also, bucks that received chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg had a significantly earlier time of sexual libido (p ≤ .05) and had significantly higher ejaculate volume and sperm concentration than other groups (p ≤ .001). Furthermore, basic and sexual behaviours were significantly improved in bucks fed chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg compared with other groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that using chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg enhanced sexual behaviour, improved semen quality, and reproductive efficiency in the NZW rabbit bucks.
Forks Over Knives: Predictive Inconsistency in Criminal Justice Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools
Authors: Greene Travis , Shmueli Galit , Fell Jan , Lin Ching-Fu , Liu Han-Wei
Published: November 2022

Big data and algorithmic risk prediction tools promise to improve criminal justice systems by reducing human biases and inconsistencies in decision-making. Yet different, equally justifiable choices when developing, testing and deploying these socio-technical tools can lead to disparate predicted risk scores for the same individual. Synthesising diverse perspectives from machine learning, statistics, sociology, criminology, law, philosophy and economics, we conceptualise this phenomenon as predictive inconsistency. We describe sources of predictive inconsistency at different stages of algorithmic risk assessment tool development and deployment and consider how future technological developments may amplify predictive inconsistency. We argue, however, that in a diverse and pluralistic society we should not expect to completely eliminate predictive inconsistency. Instead, to bolster the legal, political and scientific legitimacy of algorithmic risk prediction tools, we propose identifying and documenting relevant and reasonable ‘forking paths’ to enable quantifiable, reproducible multiverse and specification curve analyses of predictive inconsistency at the individual level.
Establishment and validation of visual assessment for the severity of lacrimal groove wrinkles in Chinese females
Authors: Tan Yimei , Amano Satoshi , Jiang Yanwen , Chen Yifan , Qiu Yuchen , Gu Jie , Bao Jingling
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study was undertaken to establish and validate a new wrinkle clinical assessment scale to measure Chinese Han women`s validated lacrimal groove.

Methods

Three clinical investigators asked to rate lacrimal groove wrinkles severity one each side for 30 photographic images from 15 subjects. Five‐grade rating scale has been used in this clinical assessment. Scale definitions was standardized by 6 researchers in visual and descriptive formats. Assessments were conducted independently and were repeated after 1 week.

Results

For 30 photos from 15 subjects, test‐retest of three investigators analyzed by Spearman's correlation were between 0.967 and 0.993 (p < 0.001), and by ICC Cronbach's α were between 0.989 and 0.997 (p < 0.001); intraobserver agreement of three investigators analyzed by Spearman's correlation were between 0.652 and 0.897 (p < 0.001), and by ICC Cronbach's α were between 0.840 and 0.959 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This lacrimal groove wrinkles visual assessment scale is a valid and reliable instrument for quantitative assessment of China woman skin folds with inter‐ and intraobserver consistency. This assessment scale should prove a useful clinical tool by allowing objective and reproducible grading for assessing the effectiveness of lacrimal groove area.
Microvascular endothelial function following cessation of long‐term oral contraceptive pill use: A case report
Authors: Turner Casey G. , Stanhewicz Anna E. , Nielsen Karen E. , Wong Brett J.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this case report was to evaluate in vivo endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent vasodilatation before and after the cessation of long‐term (11–12 years) fourth‐generation oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use in one young, healthy and premenopausal woman. This retrospective analysis includes data from six experimental visits: three visits during months 133–144 of fourth‐generation OCP use and three visits 19–22 months after OCP cessation. Endothelium‐dependent and NO‐dependent vasodilatation were assessed in the cutaneous microvasculature using laser‐Doppler flowmetry, a rapid local heating protocol (39°C, 0.1°C/s) and pharmacological perfusion through intradermal microdialysis fibres. The participant had consistent medical history and lifestyle behaviours throughout both hormonal exposures. Data are presented as the mean (SD). Endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation was 42 (10)% of site‐specific maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (CVCmax) during OCP use and 63 (10)%CVCmax after OCP cessation (49% increase). Nitric oxide‐dependent vasodilatation was 70 (5)% contribution of NO during OCP use and 60 (15)%NO after OCP cessation (15% reduction). Baseline blood flow was greater after OCP cessation, but maximal blood flow was reduced. Data from this case report support a substantial increase in cutaneous microvascular endothelial function assessed via local heating after cessation of long‐term use of a fourth‐generation OCP, which does not appear to be attributable to increased NO bioavailability. Overall, these data suggest an improvement in endothelial and microvascular function after the cessation of long‐term use of a fourth‐generation OCP.
Prevalencia y caracterización de los síntomas de la menopausia en mujeres climatéricas del Eje Cafetero (Colombia), 2018-2020
Authors: Espitia De La Hoz Franklin José
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y caracterizar los síntomas de la menopausia, en mujeres climatéricas del Eje Cafetero.

Materiales y métodos:  estudio de corte transversal; incluyó mujeres mayores de 45 años, residentes en el Eje Cafetero (Colombia), en etapa de climaterio, sexualmente activas y no usuarias de terapia hormonal de la menopausia; entre 2018 y 2020. Se realizó en tres clínicas privadas, de alta complejidad, en las ciudades de Manizales, Pereira y Armenia. Se aplicaron como instrumentos el índice de Kupperman, y el Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL). Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia.

Resultados: 594 mujeres participaron, con edad promedio de 49,28 ± 6,17 años. Edad media de la menopausia 48,71 ± 4,93 años. La prevalencia de los síntomas de la menopausia fue 71,88 %. La mayoría de las mujeres presentaron sofocos (71,88 %), seguida de irritabilidad (63,13 %) e insomnio (54,88 %). La puntuación del índice de Kupperman en la población total fue 18,58 ± 7,61 puntos. Según el MENQOL los mayores promedios pertenecen a las dimensiones vasomotoras (7,13 ± 2,54) y psicosocial (6,48 ± 2,17); con afectación de la calidad de vida del 68,85 %.

Conclusiones: las mujeres climatéricas del Eje Cafetero, presentaron una prevalencia de síntomas de la menopausia próxima a las tres cuartas partes de las participantes, caracterizados principalmente por sofocos e irritabilidad. La mala calidad de vida se atribuye a los síntomas vasomotores. Se hace necesario explorar el impacto del síndrome climatérico durante la atención médica, a fin de ofrecer oportunas soluciones.
Buen morir en la persona mayor:
Authors: Mejía Grueso Andrea , Ramírez Pazos Jerónimo , Roldán Bernal María Camila , López Sanmiguel Andrea , Velásquez Darío Alejandro
Published: November 2022

El buen morir es un fenómeno que se construye desde múltiples perspectivas de los actores involucrados en la atención del adulto mayor. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión temática con análisis cualitativo del contenido 50 artículos relacionados con el buen morir en el adulto mayor publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se encontró que el buen morir carece de una definición universal y está configurada por elementos que varían según el actor involucrado, variables sociodemográficas y aspectos culturales. Visibilizar los elementos más relevantes de lo que configura el buen morir permite ampliar su comprensión, con el objetivo de mejorar la atención en el fin de vida del adulto mayor.

Palabras clave: Anciano, muerte, morir, cuidados paliativos, final de vida
Experimental Force Coefficients for a Fully-Partitioned Pocket Damper Seal and Comparison to Other Two Seal Types
Authors: Delgado Adolfo , San Andrés Luis , Yang Jing , Thiele Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Labyrinth seals (LSs), honeycomb seals (HCSs) and hole-pattern seals, pocket damper seals (PDSs), and fully-partitioned damper seals (FPDSs) serve as balance pistons on the discharge side of barrel-type centrifugal compressors. These seals, facing large pressure differentials along with significant changes in gas density, produce sizeable lateral forces that impact compressor stability and rotordynamic performance. There is extensive archival data on the dynamic forced performance of LS and textured surface seals. However, the experimental database for a FPDS is insufficient, thus a comprehensive comparison of their dynamic force performance against that of textured surface seals is missing. The paper presents experimentally derived rotordynamic force coefficients for a FPDS along with a direct comparison to published data for a HCS and a LS, both similar in size and in operating conditions. The dynamic load tests with the FPDS include operation at a shaft speed (Ω) of 10 krpm (rotor surface speed of 60 m/s) while supplied with air at Pin = 70 bar and Tin =10 °C, and a discharge at Pout = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.65 of Pin. The preswirl circumferential velocity at the seal inlet is low, approximately 6% of rotor surface speed. The FPDS having eight pockets × eight axial blades produces a direct stiffness (K) increasing with excitation frequency (ω), though K < 0 for the lowest pressure ratio PR = (Pout/Pin) = 0.25. The cross-coupled stiffness (k) is invariant to frequency whereas the direct damping (C) steadily decreases as ω/Ω → 1, and then increases for larger frequencies. Hence, the effective damping coefficient (Ceff = C − k/ω) is approximately constant for ω < Ω, while increasing for higher frequencies. For the three PRs, the FPDS leakage is roughly up to 26% larger than the HCS leakage, while the 20-blade LS leaks in between both. The comparison of results shows the LS has insignificant forces compared to those from the HCS and FPDS, both producing a comparable Ceff and similar crossover frequencies (Ceff > 0). The HCS produces a large direct stiffness (K), three to four times that of the FPDS. Comparison of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions for the FPDS against the experimental force coefficients shows significant differences, in particular an overestimation of direct stiffness as the frequency grows along with a lower direct damping for frequencies equal and above the shaft speed. Besides manufacturing considerations, a FPDS is a better alternative to a HCS whose large centering stiffness (K) may affect the compressor's critical speed, hence shortening the separation margin with respect to the operating speed.
Revisiting the left ear advantage for phonetic cues to talker identification
Authors: Drown Lee , Philip Betsy , Francis Alexander L. , Theodore Rachel M.
Published: November 2022

Previous research suggests that learning to use a phonetic property [e.g., voice-onset-time, (VOT)] for talker identity supports a left ear processing advantage. Specifically, listeners trained to identify two “talkers” who only differed in characteristic VOTs showed faster talker identification for stimuli presented to the left ear compared to that presented to the right ear, which is interpreted as evidence of hemispheric lateralization consistent with task demands. Experiment 1 (n = 97) aimed to replicate this finding and identify predictors of performance; experiment 2 (n = 79) aimed to replicate this finding under conditions that better facilitate observation of laterality effects. Listeners completed a talker identification task during pretest, training, and posttest phases. Inhibition, category identification, and auditory acuity were also assessed in experiment 1. Listeners learned to use VOT for talker identity, which was positively associated with auditory acuity. Talker identification was not influenced by ear of presentation, and Bayes factors indicated strong support for the null. These results suggest that talker-specific phonetic variation is not sufficient to induce a left ear advantage for talker identification; together with the extant literature, this instead suggests that hemispheric lateralization for talker-specific phonetic variation requires phonetic variation to be conditioned on talker differences in source characteristics.
For Flux Sake: Isotopic Tracer Methods of Monitoring Human Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise
Authors: Gonzalez Javier T. , King Andy J.
Published: November 2022

Isotopic tracers can reveal insights into the temporal nature of metabolism and track the fate of ingested substrates. A common use of tracers is to assess aspects of human carbohydrate metabolism during exercise under various established models. The dilution model is used alongside intravenous infusion of tracers to assess carbohydrate appearance and disappearance rates in the circulation, which can be further delineated into exogenous and endogenous sources. The incorporation model can be used to estimate exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates. Combining methods can provide insight into key factors regulating health and performance, such as muscle and liver glycogen utilization, and the underlying regulation of blood glucose homeostasis before, during, and after exercise. Obtaining accurate, quantifiable data from tracers, however, requires careful consideration of key methodological principles. These include appropriate standardization of pretrial diet, specific tracer choice, whether a background trial is necessary to correct expired breath CO2 enrichments, and if so, what the appropriate background trial should consist of. Researchers must also consider the intensity and pattern of exercise, and the type, amount, and frequency of feeding (if any). The rationale for these considerations is discussed, along with an experimental design checklist and equation list which aims to assist researchers in performing high-quality research on carbohydrate metabolism during exercise using isotopic tracer methods.
The long noncoding RNA FEDORA is a cell type– and sex-specific regulator of depression
Authors: Issler Orna , van der Zee Yentl Y. , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Xia Sunhui , Zinsmaier Alexander K. , Tan Chunfeng , Li Wei , Browne Caleb J. , Walker Deena M. , Salery Marine , Torres-Berrío Angélica , Futamura Rita , Duffy Julia E. , Labonte Benoit , Girgenti Matthew J. , Tamminga Carol A. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Dong Yan , Murrough James W. , Shen Li , Nestler Eric J.
Published: November 2022

Women suffer from depression at twice the rate of men, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we identify marked baseline sex differences in the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of regulatory transcripts, in human postmortem brain tissue that are profoundly lost in depression. One such human lncRNA, RP11-298D21.1 (which we termed FEDORA), is enriched in oligodendrocytes and neurons and up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of depressed females only. We found that virally expressing FEDORA selectively either in neurons or in oligodendrocytes of PFC promoted depression-like behavioral abnormalities in female mice only, changes associated with cell type–specific regulation of synaptic properties, myelin thickness, and gene expression. We also found that blood FEDORA levels have diagnostic implications for depressed women and are associated with clinical response to ketamine. These findings demonstrate the important role played by lncRNAs, and FEDORA in particular, in shaping the sex-specific landscape of the brain and contributing to sex differences in depression.
Reconstitution of a minimal motility system based on
Spiroplasma
swimming by two bacterial actins in a synthetic minimal bacterium
Authors: Kiyama Hana , Kakizawa Shigeyuki , Sasajima Yuya , Tahara Yuhei O. , Miyata Makoto
Published: November 2022

Motility is one of the most important features of life, but its evolutionary origin remains unknown. In this study, we focused on
Spiroplasma
, commensal, or parasitic bacteria. They swim by switching the helicity of a ribbon-like cytoskeleton that comprises six proteins, each of which evolved from a nucleosidase and bacterial actin called MreB. We expressed these proteins in a synthetic, nonmotile minimal bacterium, JCVI-syn3B, whose reduced genome was computer-designed and chemically synthesized. The synthetic bacterium exhibited swimming motility with features characteristic of
Spiroplasma
swimming. Moreover, combinations of
Spiroplasma
MreB4-MreB5 and MreB1-MreB5 produced a helical cell shape and swimming. These results suggest that the swimming originated from the differentiation and coupling of bacterial actins, and we obtained a minimal system for motility of the synthetic bacterium.
Phosphofructokinase P fine-tunes T regulatory cell metabolism, function, and stability in systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Scherlinger Marc , Pan Wenliang , Hisada Ryo , Boulougoura Afroditi , Yoshida Nobuya , Vukelic Milena , Umeda Masataka , Krishfield Suzanne , Tsokos Maria G. , Tsokos George C.
Published: November 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by defective regulatory T (T
reg
) cells. Here, we demonstrate that a T cell–specific deletion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CaMK4) improves disease in B6.
lpr
lupus-prone mice and expands T
reg
cells. Mechanistically, CaMK4 phosphorylates the glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase, platelet type (PFKP) and promotes aerobic glycolysis, while its end product fructose-1,6-biphosphate suppresses oxidative metabolism. In T
reg
cells, a CRISPR-Cas9–enabled
Pfkp
deletion recapitulated the metabolism of
Camk4
−/−
T
reg
cells and improved their function and stability in vitro and in vivo. In SLE CD4
+
T cells, PFKP enzymatic activity correlated with SLE disease activity and pharmacologic inhibition of CaMK4-normalized PFKP activity, leading to enhanced T
reg
cell function. In conclusion, we provide molecular insights in the defective metabolism and function of T
reg
cells in SLE and identify PFKP as a target to fine-tune T
reg
cell metabolism and thereby restore their function.
Molecular architecture of the Chikungunya virus replication complex
Authors: Tan Yaw Bia , Chmielewski David , Law Michelle Cheok Yien , Zhang Kuo , He Yu , Chen Muyuan , Jin Jing , Luo Dahai
Published: November 2022

To better understand how positive-strand (+) RNA viruses assemble membrane-associated replication complexes (RCs) to synthesize, process, and transport viral RNA in virus-infected cells, we determined both the high-resolution structure of the core RNA replicase of chikungunya virus and the native RC architecture in its cellular context at subnanometer resolution, using in vitro reconstitution and in situ electron cryotomography, respectively. Within the core RNA replicase, the viral polymerase nsP4, which is in complex with nsP2 helicase-protease, sits in the central pore of the membrane-anchored nsP1 RNA-capping ring. The addition of a large cytoplasmic ring next to the C terminus of nsP1 forms the holo-RNA-RC as observed at the neck of spherules formed in virus-infected cells. These results represent a major conceptual advance in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of RNA virus replication and the principles underlying the molecular architecture of RCs, likely to be shared with many pathogenic (+) RNA viruses.
Topical reinforcement of the cervical mucus barrier to sperm
Authors: Schimpf Ulrike , Caldas-Silveira Erika , Katchan Ljudmila , Vigier-Carriere Cécile , Lantier Isabelle , Nachmann Gilai , Gidlöf Sebastian , Jonasson Aino Fianu , Björndahl Lars , Trombotto Stéphane , Druart Xavier , Crouzier Thomas
Published: November 2022

Close to half of the world’s pregnancies are still unplanned, reflecting a clear unmet need in contraception. Ideally, a contraceptive would provide the high efficacy of hormonal treatments, without systemic side effects. Here, we studied topical reinforcement of the cervical mucus by chitosan mucoadhesive polymers as a form of female contraceptive. Chitosans larger than 7 kDa effectively cross-linked human ovulatory cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration in vitro. We then demonstrated in vivo using the ewe as a model that vaginal gels containing chitosan could stop ram sperm at the entrance of the cervical canal and prevent them from reaching the uterus, whereas the same gels without chitosan did not substantially limit sperm migration. Chitosan did not affect sperm motility in vitro or in vivo, suggesting reinforcement of the mucus physical barrier as the primary mechanism of action. The chitosan formulations did not damage or irritate the ewe vaginal epithelium, in contrast to nonoxynol-9 spermicide. The demonstration that cervical mucus can be reinforced topically to create an effective barrier to sperm may therefore form the technological basis for muco-cervical barrier contraceptives with the potential to become an alternative to hormonal contraceptives.
Maternal Mycobiome, but Not Antibiotics, Alters Fungal Community Structure in Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Prisnee Tausha L. , Fouhse Janelle M. , Diether Natalie E. , Lantz Hannah L. , Ju Tingting , Willing Benjamin P.
Published: November 2022

This work provides evidence that although the fungal community composition is not altered by antibiotics, the overall fungal load increases with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Additionally, we show that the maternal fungal community is important in establishing the fungal community in piglets.
Different Mechanisms Are Utilized by Coronavirus Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus To Regulate Interferon Lambda 1 and Interferon Lambda 3 Production
Authors: Xue Mei , Wang Wenzhe , He Haojie , Li Liang , Zhang Xin , Shi Hongyan , Liu Pinghuang , Feng Li
Published: November 2022

Coronaviruses cause infectious diseases in various mammals and birds and exhibit an epithelial cell tropism in enteric and respiratory tracts. It is critical to explore how coronavirus infections modulate IFN-λ, a key innate cytokine against mucosal viral infection.
Sulfolobus islandicus Employs Orc1-2-Mediated DNA Damage Response in Defense against Infection by SSV2
Authors: Wang Shaoying , She Qunxin , Huang Li
Published: November 2022

Extremophiles thrive in harsh habitats and thus often face a daunting challenge to the integrity of their genome. How these organisms respond to virus infection when their genome is damaged remains unclear.
Genomes of Vibrio cholerae O1 Serotype Ogawa Associated with Current Cholera Activity in Pakistan
Authors: Sim Eby M. , Martinez Elena , Blackwell Grace A. , Pham David , Millan Gretschen , Graham Rikki M. A. , Dhakal Rajat , Wang Qinning , Suliman Basel , Jennison Amy V. , Sintchenko Vitali
Published: November 2022

Here, this report presents two genomes of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 serotype Ogawa, recovered from cholera cases in Australia linked to travel to Pakistan in 2022. Their multidrug-resistant genotype represents the current activity of cholera within the seventh pandemic. One of the genome sequences was assembled using both short- and long-read sequences.
Long-Read Sequencing Improves Recovery of Picoeukaryotic Genomes and Zooplankton Marker Genes from Marine Metagenomes
Authors: Patin N. V. , Goodwin K. D.
Published: November 2022

Ocean microbes provide critical ecosystem services, but most remain uncultivated. Their communities can be studied through shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, including binning draft microbial genomes.
Multicenter Diagnostic Evaluation of a Novel Coronavirus Antigen Lateral Flow Test among Symptomatic Individuals in Brazil and the United Kingdom
Authors: Faffe Debora S. , Byrne Rachel L. , Body Richard , Castiñeiras Terezinha Marta P. , Castiñeiras Anna P. , Finch Lorna S. , Kontogianni Konstantina , Bengey Daisy , Galliez Rafael Mello , Ferreira Orlando C. , Mariani Diana , da Silva Bianca Ortiz , Ribeiro Sabrina Santana , de Vos Margaretha ,   LSTM Diagnostic Group,   CONDOR Steering Group, Escadafal Camille , Adams Emily R. , Tanuri Amilcar , Cubas Atienzar Ana I. ,   CONDOR steering group:, Allen A. Joy , Braybrook Julian , Buckle Peter , Dark Paul , Davis Kerrie , Gordon Adam , Halstead Anna , Harden Charlotte , Inkson Colette , Jones Naoko , Jones William , Lasserson Dan , Lee Joseph , Lendrem Clare , Lewington Andrew , Logan Mary , Micocci Massimo , Nicholson Brian , Perera-Salazar Rafael , Prestwich Graham , Price D. Ashley , Reynard Charles , Riley Beverley , Simpson John , Tate Valerie , Turner Philip , Wilcox Mark , Zhifang Melody ,   LSTM Diagnostic group:, Bengey Daisy , Buist Kate , Clerkin Karina , Edwards Thomas , Wardale Jahanara , Williams Christopher T. , Wooding Dominic
Published: November 2022

Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we have witnessed growing numbers of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) being brought to market. In the United Kingdom, this was somewhat controlled indirectly as the government offered free tests from a small number of companies.
Gut Microbiota Eubacterium callanderi Exerts Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity
Authors: Ryu Seoung Woo , Kim Ji-Sun , Oh Byeong Seob , Choi Won Jung , Yu Seung Yeob , Bak Jeong Eun , Park Seung-Hwan , Kang Se Won , Lee Jiyoung , Jung Won Yong , Lee Jung-Sook , Lee Ju Huck
Published: November 2022

The gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in colorectal cancer, as suggested by metagenomic analysis. However, metagenomic analysis has limitations, such as bias in the analysis and the absence of bacterial resources for follow-up studies.
Cotard’s syndrome in a patient with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder
Authors: Malone Garett Wayne , Fort Juliana , Mohammad-Amin Hamza
Published: November 2022

Cotard’s delusion is a delusion where one believes they are dead or deny aspects of their existence. Cotard’s syndrome includes expansive variation in presentations as well as inciting factors. Cotard’s syndrome is relatively rare and may include nihilistic delusions that one is missing organs, cannot die or that one does not truly exist. Cotard’s syndrome is often associated with other mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia but has not been widely associated with methamphetamine use. The following is a report of a patient with no previous signs of mental illness developing a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder with Cotard’s delusion after years of using methamphetamine.
Impeding access to tributary spawning habitat and releasing experimental fall-timed floods increase brown trout immigration into a dam’s tailwater
Authors: Healy Brian D. , Yackulic Charles B. , Schelly Robert C.
Published: November 2022

River ecosystems have been altered by flow regulation and species introductions. Regulated flow regimes often include releases designed to benefit certain species or restore ecosystem processes, and invasive species suppression programs may include efforts to restrict access to spawning habitat. The impacts of these management interventions are often uncertain. Here, we assess hypotheses regarding introduced brown trout ( Salmo trutta) movement in a regulated river. We model mark–recapture data in a multistate framework to assess whether movement was affected by the operation of a tributary weir (restricting access to spawning habitat), experimental releases of fall-timed high flow experiments (Fall HFEs), or simply increased during the fall, spawning season. Our results suggest that the presence of the weir led to reduced tributary homing and the release of Fall HFEs stimulated upstream movement and straying. Both effects are of a similar magnitude, however the Fall HFE effect is more certain. Our results suggest the expansion of an invasive species was stimulated by management interventions, and demonstrate the potential for unanticipated outcomes of restoration in highly altered river ecosystems.
GUP corrected entropy of the Schwarzschild black hole in holographic massive gravity
Authors: Hong Soon-Tae , Kim Yong-Wan , Park Young-Jai
Published: November 2022

We obtain the statistical entropy of a scalar field on the Schwarzschild black hole in holographic massive gravity by considering corrections on the density of quantum states to all orders in the Planck length from a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). As a result, we find not only the generalized Bekenstein–Hawking entropy depending on holographically massive gravitons without any artificial cutoff, but also new additional correction terms, which are proportional to surface gravity. Moreover, we also observe that all order GUP corrected entropy is improved to have smaller GUP parameter [Formula: see text] than the previous results.
Second law analysis of MHD convection of a radiating nanofluid within the gap between two inclined concentric pipes
Authors: Eegunjobi Adetayo Samuel , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: November 2022

This paper theoretically examined the inherent irreversibility in hydromagnetic mixed convection of a radiating adjustable viscosity nanofluid between two concentric inclined cylindrical pipes. Thermodynamics’ first and second laws are incorporated into the two-phase nanofluid flow model problem to explore the repercussions of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, inclination angle, Joule heating, buoyancy forces, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and entropy generation rate on the overall flow structure with temperature and nanoparticles concentration distribution. The nonlinear model equations of differential types are obtained and numerically addressed through shooting quadrature in conjunction with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration scheme. Relevant outcomes are graphically represented and discussed. The findings indicate that a rise in the inclination angle lessens the buoyancy effects and diminishes the entropy generation rate in the annular region of the concentric pipes. Within the annulus, the irreversibility due to heat and mass transfer dominates the entropy generation rate. In contrast, an upsurge in magnetic field intensity decreases the entropy generation rate and the Bejan number.
Mathematical and numerical model for the malaria transmission: Euler method scheme for a malarial model
Authors: Ijaz Khan M. , Al-Khaled Kamel , Raza Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Omar Jiyan , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: November 2022

This research study has developed a mathematical model for malaria disease which is not only applicable for the case when the recovered humans return to the susceptible class, but also provides the directions for the case when the recovered humans also return to the infectious class. The model is simulated by using the Euler, Runge–Kutta-4 (RK-4), and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme. Firstly, the model is simulated by the Euler scheme and RK4 scheme and obtained graphical depiction for the endemic equilibrium as well as for the disease-free equilibrium (DFE). Then the mathematical model of malaria is simulated by an NSFD scheme and its graphical interpretation shows that it is suitable for all step sizes, i.e., it gives converging results even for very large step sizes. It is shown that the NSFD scheme is an unconditionally stable numerical scheme at a large step size. It is concluded that parameter [Formula: see text] is greater than unity in the disease manifestation of the landlord population in the long term and when the parameter [Formula: see text] is less than unity then the DFE is asymptotically stable.
Isotopic yields and spontaneous fission half-lives of 279Ds and 281Ds superheavy isotopes
Authors: Pahlavani M. R. , Gazafroodi H. Karimi
Published: November 2022

In this paper, Isotopic yield and half-lives of cold spontaneous fission for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] superheavy isotopes are studied. The interacting potential between fragments includes mean field proximity and Coulomb potentials. Fission [Formula: see text]-value, driving potential, [Formula: see text] and partial penetration probability of each possible individual fragmentation are calculated using [Formula: see text] approximation. According to the tunneling effect, the most favored pair of fragments is produced for the highest [Formula: see text]-value or the lowest driving potential. A few fragmentation with higher [Formula: see text]-value are selected for each atomic number Z. It is found that for [Formula: see text] isotope, the highest relative yield belongs to the [Formula: see text]Te + [Formula: see text]Ce fragmentation while for [Formula: see text], the combination [Formula: see text]Te + [Formula: see text]Ce has lowest driving potential and highest yield due to presence of fragments with magic or near magic proton and neutron numbers ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). By calculating yield of each fragmentation, its partial fission decay constant and then by summing over all decay constants for possible fragmentation, the fission decay constant for each superheavy isotope is obtained. Furthermore, half-life of each superheavy isotope is also estimated. Finally, the calculated half-lives using this method are compared with the experimental data. Good agreement achieved between our calculated half-lives and the experimental data.
EFFECT OF USSP DURATION ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 5Cr–0.5Mo STEEL IN H2S MEDIUM
Authors: XU WENBIN , LIAO MINGGANG , LI YAN
Published: November 2022

The flow accelerated corrosion of H2S media widely exists in chemical equipment and chemical pipe fittings. It can lead to equipment failure and cause safety accidents. In this paper, ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) was used to realize surface nanocrystallization of the 5Cr–0.5Mo steel specimens. It was found that strong plastic deformation occurred on the surface of the specimen, and dense nanoscale corrosion product film was formed. A closed flow accelerated corrosion test device with H2S media was used to test the corrosion of the specimens. The experimental results showed that the corrosion current density of the specimen was decreased, the corrosion potential was increased, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. However, with the increase of USSP duration, the density of the corrosion product film formed on the surface of the specimen was decreased, and the corrosion rate of the specimen was increased.