bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eastern Aleutian Continental Margin
Authors: Huene Roland von , Fisher Michael , Miller John
Published: February 2020

The seismic section across the Eastern Aleutian margin off southern Kodiak Island illustrates structure from the axis of the eastern Aleutian Trench to the edge of the Kodiak shelf. The seafloor morphology includes a flat trench axial area, a lower slope with two main steps, and a sharp topographic break marking the base of the steepened upper slope. The seismic section crosses a deep canyon in the upper slope, connected to one of the relict glacial troughs that cross the Kodiak Shelf (Hampton, 1983).

The Kodiak margin is composed of the insular outcrops containing metamorphosed accretion complex of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age, the Kodiak shelf with the Neogene Albatross basin behind a high at the edge of the shelf named Albatross bank, and the landward slope of the trench. Albatross basin is filled with upper Miocene to Recent sediment 5 km deep (Fisher and von Huene, 1980) and is floored by a subareal erosion surface across landward-tilted Eocene and Oligocene (?) strata. These strata were sampled northeast of the seismic record section at Middleton Island (Rau et al., 1977; Keller et al., 1984), on the seaward flank of Albatross basin (Herrera, 1978), and southwest of it near Sanak Island (Bruns et al., in press). Subsidence of the Miocene regional erosion surface began about 6 Ma and subsequently, about 2 Ma, Albatross bank was uplifted at least 3 km (Fisher and von Huene, 1980; von Huene et al., in press). Thus, the steep upper slope that descends from Albatross bank
Planar cascaded triangular hyperlens structures
Authors: Jalali Deel Ahmad , Alighanbari Abbas
Published: January 2020

Planar-ports hyperlens structures made of two or four cascaded triangular cuts of planar periodic structures are presented. The hyperlenses are capable of converting electromagnetic evanescent fields to propagating waves, featuring subwavelength resolution and image magnification. One of the two proposed structures features parallel input and output ports. The proposed structures improve the phase and amplitude unbalances, magnification, and resolution of previous planar hyperlenses. Compared to several previous cylindrical hyperlens structures, the proposed structures show competitive or better features. One of the best designs of the proposed structures offers a magnification of 3.86, a resolution of 45 nm,

λ

/

8

at the free space wavelength of 365 nm, optical modulation, a measure of image contrast of 0.286, and amplitude unbalance, a measure of image quality of 0.08, the smallest among all previous structures. Detailed comparative data of performance are provided. Although the magnification of the proposed planar structures is somewhat smaller than some of the previous cylindrical ones, the performance of the proposed hyperlenses is better or competitive with respect to resolution and image quality.
Reduction of modal noise due to fiber/photodetector misalignment in SSMF links based on 850  nm VCSELs through a low-cost polymer coupling structure
Authors: Nanni Jacopo , Viana Carlos , Tegegne Zerihun Gedeb , Tartarini Giovanni , Algani Catherine , Polleux Jean-Luc
Published: February 2020

A low-cost polymer-based structure is proposed to improve the coupling between a fiber end section and photodetector active surface in optical links based on standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), which employs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating at 850 nm, i.e., below the SSMF cutoff wavelength. Considering receivers as small-area detectors, which are generally necessary to guarantee high-speed operation but at the same time are particularly subject to power fluctuations due to modal noise (whose impact is in turn enhanced in the presence of fiber-to-photodetector misalignment), significant achievements are demonstrated by employing the presented structure. Indeed, in the presence of a misalignment of

±
4

to

±
6

µ

m

, which is nowadays typically achievable, the relative optical power fluctuations due to modal noise reduce in the presented case more than four times (2.5% from more than 10%) with respect to the case of butt-coupling, which implies an increase of the same factor in the output signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver end.
Geometric phase analysis method using a subpixel displacement match algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Dai Xianglu , Wen Huihui , Liu Jinhao , Liu Zhanwei , Xie Huimin
Published: February 2020

The geometrical phase analysis (GPA) method, which is an efficient and powerful noncontact method to obtain the strain field, has already been widely applied in deformation measurement in micro- and nano-scale. It is easy to get the strain field accurately; however, the displacement field is unreliable in some cases. Therefore, a subpixel displacement match method hereby is applied in the GPA method for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to overcome this defect. The presented algorithm’s limit error of 0.01 pixel under ideal conditions can match two corresponding local areas in reference and deformation image, and, thus, the displacement with subpixel precision of this point can be established. Owing to the continuity of the displacement field, the displacements of other points can be obtained subsequently. The error that is associated with the existing method will be dealt with in detail and verified by simulation further. Combined with simulation, the performance of the presented method is demonstrated; furthermore, the noise introduced by the imaging system is taken into consideration. Finally, a typical bending test was performed, and the result agrees well with the theoretical analysis. Both the simulation and experiment results prove that the presented method is effective and robust.
Compact and reflective light-sheet microscopy for long-term imaging of living embryos
Authors: Moretti Bruno , Müller Nicolás P. , Wappner Marcos , Grecco Hernán E.
Published: January 2020

The development of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy has been a revolution for developmental biology as it allows long-term imaging during embryonic development. An important reason behind the quick adoption has been the availability of open hardware alternatives. In this work, we present a robust and compact version of a light-sheet fluorescence microscope that is easy to assemble and requires little to no maintenance. An important aspect of the design is that the illumination unit consists of reflective elements, thereby reducing chromatic aberrations an order of magnitude as compared to refractive counterparts.
Frequency stabilization method for transition to a Rydberg state using Zeeman modulation
Authors: Jia Fengdong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei , Wang Fei , Mei Jiong , Yu Yonghong , Zhong Zhiping , Xie Feng
Published: January 2020

We herein develop and demonstrate a stable frequency-locking scheme for Rydberg atomic experiments. We use the Zeeman effect to modulate the three-level ladder-type Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signal to lock the laser frequency of the coupling light for transition from its intermediate state to a Rydberg state. The effects of polarization of the probe and coupling lights, and the amplitude of the AC modulated magnetic field

B

0

on the EIT and the corresponding dispersive error signal, are both analyzed. The results show that both the EIT signal and dispersive error signal are the strongest when the polarizations of coupling and probe fields are circular and equal. The signal-to-noise ratio of the dispersive error signal increases with

B

0

. The slope of the dispersive error signal increases first and then decreases with

B

0

, which is related to the increase of the EIT linewidth caused by the higher

B

0

. The linewidth of the laser is significantly less than 500 kHz after frequency locking, which satisfies the requirements of most experiments involving Rydberg atoms. The method proposed herein can generally be applied to any cascade system of Rydberg atoms.
Quantitative phase imaging of stromal prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fanous Michael , Keikhosravi Adib , Kajdacsy-Balla Andre , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Popescu Gabriel
Published: January 2020

New quantitative prognostic markers are needed for improved pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis. Second harmonic generation microscopy has been used to show that collagen fiber alignment in PDAC is a negative prognostic factor. In this work, a series of PDAC and normal adjacent tissue (NAT) biopsies were imaged with spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM). Quantitative analysis performed on the biopsy SLIM images show that PDAC fiber structures have lower alignment per unit length, narrower width, and are longer than NAT controls. Importantly, fibrillar collagen in PDAC shows an inverse relationship between survival data and fiber width and length (p < 0.05).
Modeling of intracavity-pumped Q-switched terahertz parametric oscillators based on stimulated polariton scattering
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Xingyu , Cong Zhenhua , Liu Zhaojun , Chen Xiaohan , Qin Zengguang , Gao Feilong , Xu Jinjin , Wang Zecheng , Ming Na
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the rate equations describing the operation of intracavity-pumped Q-switched terahertz parametric oscillators based on stimulated polariton scattering are given for the first time. The rate equations are obtained under the plane-wave approximation, the oscillating fundamental and Stokes waves are supposed to be round uniform beam spots. Considering the fact that the terahertz wave nearly traverses the pump and Stokes beams and using the coupled wave equations, the terahertz wave intensity is expressed as the function of the fundamental and Stokes intensities. Thus, the rate equations describing the evolution processes of the fundamental and Stokes waves are obtained in the first step. The THz wave properties are then obtained. Several curves based on the rate equations are generated to illustrate the effects of the nonlinear coefficient, the THz wave absorption coefficient, and pulse repetition rate on the THz laser characteristics. Taking the intracavity-pumped Mg:LiNbO3 TPO as an example, the THz frequency tuning characteristic and the dependences of the fundamental, Stokes, and THz wave powers on the incident diode pump power are calculated. The theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental results on the whole.
Anisotropic photoluminescence of nonpolar ZnO epilayers and ZnO/Zn1-xMgxO multiple quantum wells grown on LiGaO2 substrate
Authors: Yan Tao , Trinkler L. , Korsaks V. , Lu C.-Y. J. , Berzina B. , Chang L. , Chou M. M. C. , Ploog K. H.
Published: February 2020

The temperature-dependent polarized photoluminescence spectra of nonpolar ZnO samples were investigated by 263 nm laser. The degree of polarization (DOP) of m-plane quantum wells changes from 76% at 10 K to 40% at 300 K, which is much higher than that of epilayer. The strong anisotropy was presumably attributed to the enhanced confinement effect of a one-dimension confinement structure formed by the intersection of quantum well and basal stacking fault. The polarization of laser beam also has an influence on the DOP. It is assumed that the luminescence polarization should be affected not only by the in-plane strains but also the microstructural defects, which do modify the electronic band structure.
Producing anomalous uniform periodic nanostructures on Cr thin films by femtosecond laser irradiation in vacuum
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhao Bo , Lei Yuhao , Yang Jianjun , Guo Chunlei
Published: January 2020

We report on producing unprecedentedly uniform periodic structures on chromium thin films in vacuum conditions with irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses. In sharp contrast to the observations in air, the achieved surface structures of the ablated groove arrays are surprisingly found to have not only an extraordinarily uniform distribution but also a deep-subwavelength period of 360 nm. The measured both width and depth of the ablated periodic grooves are 150 and 120 nm, respectively, showing a large depth-to-width ratio and sharp-edge profiles. Remarkably, such well-organized nanostructures can be enabled to robustly extend into an infinitely long range via the sample scanning and even have a large-area production with a cylindrical lens. Raman spectral analyses reveal that the regular formation of such nanostructures benefits from avoiding the material oxidation and thermal disturbance of the air plasma on the sample surface.
Slow light using magnetic and electric Mie resonances
Authors: Raza Søren
Published: January 2020

The ability to slow down light leads to strong light–matter interaction, which is important for a number of optical applications such as sensing, nonlinear optics, and optical pulse manipulation. Here, we show that a dramatic reduction in the speed of light can be realized through the interference of electric and magnetic dipole resonances in Mie-type resonators made of a dielectric material with a high refractive index. We present a general theory that links the maximal speed reduction of light to resonator radiation losses and then consider a specific realization based on silicon nanodisk arrays.
Optical vortex braiding with Bessel beams
Authors: Voitiv Andrew A. , Andersen Jasmine M. , Siemens Mark E. , Lusk Mark T.
Published: February 2020

We propose the braiding of optical vortices in a laser beam with more than

2
π

rotation by superposing Bessel modes with a plane wave. We experimentally demonstrate this by using a Bessel–Gaussian beam and a coaxial Gaussian, and we present measurements of three complete braids. The amount of braiding is fundamentally limited only by the numerical aperture of the system, and we discuss how braiding can be controlled experimentally for any number of vortices.
Proposal for detecting ring current via electron vortices
Authors: Wang Run , Zhang Qingbin , Ran Cheng , Cao Wei , Lu Peixiang
Published: February 2020

In an intense circularly polarized laser field, the excitation of the atoms shows a strong dependence on the orbital helicity. The resonant excitation starting from the ground state with

m
=
−
1

occurs much more easily in the left-handed circularly polarized (LCP with

m
=
+
1

) pulse than in the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP with

m
=
−
1

) pulse. In this Letter, we numerically demonstrate that the orbital-helicity-dependent two-photon-resonant excitation leads to the photoelectron vortex pattern in the polarization plane being sensitive to the sequence of the two counter-rotating circularly polarized pulses in xenon, which enables the detection of the ring currents associated with different quantum states. These results also provide an effective way for controlling the rotational symmetry of the electron vortex.
Amplified spontaneous emission properties of solution processed CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films doped with large-group ammonium cations
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Ru Qing , Tan Xiao , Liu Qian , Nan Hui Rong , Sang Sheng Long , Chen Fei , Huang Wei
Published: January 2020

Inorganic solution processed CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films are highly promising optoelectronic materials and have been applied in solar cells, light emitting diodes, and photodetectors. They show good electroluminescence properties combined with high thermal stability. In this work, CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films doped with a series of organic cations of various chain lengths, namely, methylammonium (MA), ethylammonium (EA), butylammonium (BA) and octylammonium (OA) at optimized molar ratios of (organic cations: Cs+), were fabricated with a two-step solution process. The crystalline structure, surface morphology and photophysical properties of the films were characterized in detail. The surface morphology of the films was improved with reduced surface roughness, accompanying by doping with the organic cations. The amplified spontaneous emissions (ASE) were observed from all of the different CsPbBr3 films at room temperature. The gain coefficients for the doped CsPbBr3 films were higher than the pristine films, due to much reduced bulk defects, reduced non-radiative recombination in the films, as well as improved surface quality of the films. This work provides a simple method of preparing organic cations modified CsPbBr3 laser gain media of high performance.
High-resolution absorption measurement at the zero phonon line of Yb:YAG between 80 K and 300 K
Authors: De Vido Mariastefania , Wojtusiak Agnieszka , Ertel Klaus
Published: January 2020

We present measurements of the temperature dependence of the absorption cross-section of Yb:YAG at the zero phonon line (ZPL) near 969 nm. Experiments were carried out on a 1.08 mm thick, ceramic, 1.1 at-% Yb-doped YAG sample over a temperature range between 80 K and 300 K. Results show that the ZPL characteristics strongly depend on temperature. The absorption cross section increases from 0.8 · 10−20 cm2 to above 49 · 10−20 cm2 as temperature is decreased from 300 K to 80 K. The full-width at half maximum of the absorption line decreases with temperature, from 2.38 nm at 300 K to 0.05 nm at 80 K. The absorption peak shifts from 969.04 nm at 300 K to 968.39 nm at 80 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the ZPL of Yb:YAG has been characterised with enough resolution at cryogenic temperatures and we expect that this data will assist in the design and optimisation of Yb:YAG lasers pumped on this absorption line.
Verbinden von Natürlicher und Künstlicher Intelligenz: eine experimentelle Testumgebung für Explainable AI (xAI)
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Müller Heimo
Published: January 2020

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) folgt dem Begriff der menschlichen Intelligenz, der leider kein klar definierter Begriff ist. Die gebräuchlichste Definition, wie sie in der Kognitionswissenschaft als mentale Fähigkeit gegeben ist, enthält unter anderem die Fähigkeit, abstrakt, logisch und schlussfolgernd zu denken und gegebene Probleme der realen Welt zu lösen. Ein aktuelles Thema in der KI ist es, herauszufinden, ob und inwieweit Algorithmen in der Lage sind, solches abstraktes Denken und Schlussfolgern ähnlich wie Menschen zu erlernen – oder ob das Lernergebnis auf rein statistischer Korrelation beruht. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine von uns entwickelte frei verfügbare, universelle und erweiterbare experimentelle Testumgebung vor. Diese „Kandinsky Patterns“ (https://human-centered.ai/project/kandinsky-patterns, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuiV0icAlRs), benannt nach dem russischen Maler und Kunsttheoretiker Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), stellen eine Art „Schweizer Messer“ zum Studium der genannten Problemstellungen dar. Das Gebiet, dass diese Problemstellungen behandelt wird „explainable AI“ (xAI) genannt. Erklärbarkeit/Interpretierbarkeit hat das Ziel, menschlichen Experten zu ermöglichen, zugrundeliegende Erklärungsfaktoren – die Kausalität – zu verstehen, also warum eine KI-Entscheidung getroffen wurde, und so den Weg für eine transparente und verifizierbare KI zu ebnen.
Compensated hypothyroidism and statin administration: symptoms of muscle damage and muscle metabolism disorders.
Authors: Lugovaya Liya , Necrasova Tatyana , Strongin Leonid , Belyaeva Natalya
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There is no unequivocal opinion regarding the safety of statin in patients with hypothyroidism. However, based on some new data, it can be assumed that hypothyroidism, even in a stage of compensation, may cause muscle damage in patients receiving statins. As part of this study, this hypothesis was tested, and was confirmed.
Aim
To study the possibility of muscle damage and the nature of muscle metabolism in patients with compensated hypothyroidism who takes statin.
Materials and methods
The study is transverse and observational with the inclusion of 120 women, subdivided on three groups (n=40). The main group of patients with hypothyroidism who took statins (group 1) was compared with two control groups, including those who took statins without hypothyroidism (group 2), and who did not take statins with hypothyroidism (group 3).
Results
Patients taking statins and have compensated hypothyroidism are more likely to develop complaints of muscle pain, which are often associated with the elevation of muscle lesion markers, as well as the presence of the C allele in the SLCO1B1 * 5 gene (c.521T C). In patients with compensated hypothyroidism, relative frequency of occurrence of muscle pain syndrome associated with CPK elevation increases with TSH levels above 2.86 mU / L. Compensated hypothyroidism increases the possibility of development of SPM-ATP by 2.7 times.
Conclusions
Compensated hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for statin therapy. However, the presence of even compensated hypothyroidism in patients taking statins increases the possibility of the development of muscle symptoms associated with taking statins, and requires additional monitoring of the clinical and biochemical parameters of muscle metabolism (especially the level of CPK).
Wariant
Authors: Wołczuk Nikodem
Published: January 2020

The paper focuses on the concept of a “variant”, which is deeply rooted in the fields of editing practices and literary criticism. The main goal is to show the concept the way it is understood by the classical textology and French Genetic Criticism, as well as to confront different ways of using it.
Politiche europee e nazionali di contrasto allo spreco alimentare nella produzione primaria: analisi e prospettive future
Authors: Costantino Laura
Published: January 2020

Lo scopo dell’articolo è di presentare la regolamentazione del mercato agricolo in Nicaragua e di indicare soluzioni giuridiche che potrebbero contribuire a superare una distribuzione iniqua delle risorse economiche derivanti dall’attività agricola nazionale all’interno della filiera alimentare. In particolare, si tratta di individuare scappatoie giuridiche che contribuiscono ad una distribuzione iniqua delle risorse nel regime nicaraguense di approvvigionamento per i prodotti agroalimentari e di proporre soluzioni alternative per la loro eliminazione alla luce della scienza del diritto agrario. Secondo l’autore, la principale difficoltà per il produttore agricolo nicaraguense è il processo di commercializzazione dei prodotti sul mercato dei prodotti agricoli dell’America centrale e del Nicaragua nonché carenze normative in questo ambito. Il Sistema dell’integrazione centroamericana (SICA), vincolante nella maggior parte dei paesi della regione, da un lato contiene regolazioni giuridiche complete sull’agricoltura, dall’altro non corrisponde pienamente alla struttura moderna della filiera agroalimentare. In pratica, la legislazione regionale e nazionale è soggetta a frequenti cambiamenti e non protegge in modo sufficiente il produttore agricolo in ogni fase di produzione. Un’alternativa sarebbe quella di introdurre cambiamenti a livello regionale, sotto forma di aree di libero scambio e di attuare la politica agricola comune da parte dei Paesi dell’America centrale.
Prawne aspekty ochrony przed hałasem na obszarach wiejskich
Authors: Goździewicz-Biechońska Justyna
Published: January 2020

The aim of the deliberations presented was an attempt to assess the legal system of the regulation concerning the protection of the environment against noise in rural areas, and to answer the question to what extent the current legislation takes into account the specificity of noise threats occurring in rural areas and whether it provides for an effective and adequate system of instruments for the protection of the acoustic climate of the rural environment. In the conclusion the author states that the specificity of noise prevention in rural areas has been adequately taken into account, despite a clear focus of the regulation put on noise in urban areas. However, the potential of taking a qualitative approach to noise prevention in rural areas or implementing legal instruments for the protection of areas with good acoustic climate, e.g. quiet areas, still remains unexploited, and noise intervention measures continue to be insufficiently included in spatial planning.
Wprowadzanie nowej żywności na rynek unijny w świetle rozporządzenia nr 2015/2283
Authors: Sokołowski Łukasz Mikołaj
Published: January 2020

Until recently, the introduction of novel foods into the EU market has been primarily governed by Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The solutions provided for in this legislative act have been criticised. Consequently, as of 1 January 2018, this act has been replaced by Regulation No. 2015/2283. The aim of the deliberations presented in this article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the new solutions actually facilitate the placing of novel foods on the EU market while ensuring at the same time a high level of protection of consumers’ health, life and economic interests. In the author’s opinion, Regulation No. 2015/2283 introduces many amendments aimed at facilitating the introduction of novel foods to the EU market, which also satisfy the aboveconcerns. However, only the practice resulting from the application of the adopted solutions will determine the effectiveness of opening the EU food market to safe innovations.
Attuali sfide della qualità nel diritto agrario di fronte alla globalizzazione – il caso dell’isola di Cuba
Authors: Balber Pérez Miguel Antonio , McCormack Bequer Maritza de la Caridad
Published: January 2020

La protezione del settore alimentare nazionale attraverso un sistema di prodotti agroalimentari di qualità è una delle forme di contrasto adottata dai cubani di fronte alla globalizzazione. A tal fine Cuba sta perseguendo una politica agricola volta ad aumentare il livello di professionalità nel settore alimentare: tra l’altro organizzando corsi di formazione periodici per i dipendenti che riguardano le tecnologie di produzione utilizzate in agricoltura e insistendo sulla formazione professionale continua; nonché portando ad un graduale miglioramento del sistema statale di certificazione dei prodotti agroalimentari e della qualità dei laboratori accreditati che controllano la qualità alimentare, come anche di certificazione dei sistemi di lavoro, in particolare per quanto riguarda il ricorso alle tecniche di analisi del rischio e di controllo dei punti critici nel processo di produzione alimentare. Per chi non osserva la politica agricola e la legislazione che la sottende, il sistema cubano prevede numerose sanzioni, contenute nel decreto n. 182 del 23 febbraio 1998: “La standardizzazione e la qualità” e nel decreto n. 267 del 3 settembre 1999: “La violazione delle regole stabilite sulla normalizzazione e la qualità”. Secondo l’autore, la regolazione sulla qualità dei prodotti agroalimentari adottata ha contribuito ad aumentare l’attrattività del settore agricolo cubano e ha contribuito a garantire un livello adeguato di qualità e sicurezza alimentare.
Mega FTA as a Signal Against Trade Protectionism Focused on the EU and Japan FTA
Authors: Park Sang-Chul
Published: January 2020

The research questions of the paper are whether the EU Japan FTA can be a win-win approach or win-lose approach? Moreover what are reasons for the two parties to complete the FTA and which industrial sectors can be mostly profited in both parties? Last, but not least how to estimate impacts on the global economy? The hypotheses are FTA can reduce trade protectionism, and the former can generate more economic benefits to the participating countries than latter in the long term based on the trade dynamic group. The research methodology is to use cross sectional analysis based on statistic data and information collection as well as trade policy analysis. Additionally, critical analysis of literature and inference analysis are employed. The conclusion of the research is that the EU Japan FTA can generate about 0.76 percent GDP growth to the EU and about 0.29 percent GDP growth to Japan additionally per year next ten years long. Furthermore, it also creates new employment in both parties. Although the EU Japan FTA can create some looser particularly in East Asian economies such as South Korea, China, and Taiwan, their total amount is estimated as very low. In the global economy, the EU Japan FTA can generate much larger gains than lost. As a result, it is not only a win-win approach for the EU and Japan, but also for the whole global economy if it enters into force.
Dimensions of Social Diversity in Europe
Authors: Szewior Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

The aim of the publication is to learn the dimensions of social differentiation by applying socioeconomic indicators, as well as to indicate the importance of economic and social conditions as the leading factors in building the social order of national states and the European Union. The main research question concerned the issue whether and under what conditions it is possible to achieve improvement in the level of social cohesion? The experience and knowledge allow to assume that the most important in achieving social and economic cohesion are: the level of economic development and socio-political consensus regarding the distribution and circulation of social goods, rather than the model of national social policy. The adopted assumption was verified, confirmed the dominant role of the social contract, the scope of social solidarism and the developed GDP. These elements determine social development and determine the competitive advantage of national economies. In view of the weakness of institutions and EU-wide solutions, they consolidate the multidimensional disproportions between European societies. The analysis is based on research methods of politics and social policy. Statistical data was provided by national and EU institutions.
Wybrane aspekty dobrostanu psychicznego uczniów na różnych etapach edukacji. Doniesienia wstępne
Authors: Kossakowska Karolina , Zadworna Magdalena
Published: January 2020

.
Kwestia rodziny i małżeństwa chrześcijańskiego w świetle katechez wygłoszonych przez Ojca Świętego Franciszka w latach 2014/2015
Authors: Jeżewski Michał
Published: February 2020

Autor niniejszego artykułu rozważa, jak z perspektywy ponad dwóch lat pontyfikatu Ojca Świętego Franciszka przedstawia się jego troska duszpasterska i wykładnia teologicznomoralna dotycząca rodziny i małżeństwa chrześcijańskiego we współczesnym świecie. Tekst artykułu powstał na podstawie analizy treści katechez wygłoszonych przez papieża Franciszka w latach 2014/2015. Refleksja składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza – krótsza część tekstu – ma charakter historiograficzny i przedstawia wkład Magisterium Kościoła w rozwój doktryny teologicznomoralnej dotyczącej małżeństwa i rodziny, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli poprzedników Franciszka – papieży: Pawła VI, św. Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI. Druga – zasadnicza część artykułu – dotyczy nauczania obecnego biskupa Rzymu i przebiega na podstawie analizy wybranych słów wypowiedzianych przez niego podczas katechez środowych wygłoszonych w latach 2014 i 2015, w których zawarł on dość konkretną wykładnię teologicznomoralną dotyczącą współczesnej rodziny. Rozważania Franciszka dotyczyły w szczególności roli i funkcji kobiety oraz mężczyzny – matki i ojca, dzieci, a także osób starszych w rodzinie. Wiele słów poświęcił w nich także wizji chrześcijańskiego małżeństwa oraz problemom, z jakimi boryka się rodzina we współczesnym świecie.
Ewangelia rodziny – posynodalna perspektywa pomocy rodzinie
Authors: Ozorowski Mieczysław
Published: February 2020

Papież Franciszek od początku swego pontyfikatu pokazał ojcowską opieką małżeństwa i rodziny, zwłaszcza te zagubione i zranione przez zjawiska różnych niepowodzeń i ludzkich tragedii, takich jak: zdrada, rozwód i konfliktów. Pierwsze synody pontyfikatu był poświęcony wymiarowi duszpasterskiej troski o małżeństwie i rodzinie. Podobny charakter ma Adhortacja Amoris Laetitia.
FİNANSAL HİZMETLERİN ULAŞTIĞI BİR UÇ NOKTA: ELEKTRONİK BANKACILIK
Authors: ÖZKAN Turgut
Published: January 2020

Finansal hizmetlerin bir uç boyutu olarak elektronik bankacılığın ele alındığı bu makalede, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki teknolojik yeniliklere ve bu yeniliklerin ulaştığı boyutlara yer verilmiştir. Teknoloji konusunda dünyanın ulaştığı düzeye göre Türkiye'nin bilişim teknolojisinin neresinde yer aldığı belirlenmeye çalışılarak, Türk bankacılık sisteminin yapısına ve diğer belli başlı ülkelerle karşılaştırmalarına istatistiki verilerden de yararlanılarak değinilmiştir. Ayrıca bankaların teknolojiye finansal hizmet sunumlarında bu kadar önem vermelerinin nedenlerine değinilmiş ve teknolojik faktörlerin bankaların ve banka müşterilerinin maliyetlerine olan etkileri vurgulanmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra, makalede, gelecekte bankacılık alanında planlanan teknolojik yatırımlar ve bunların kullanım alanlarına ilişkin öngörüler yer almıştır.
KURUMSAL EĞİTİM VE GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİNDE YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: ELEKTRONİK ÖĞRENME
Authors: NEMLİ Esra , YAZICI Selim , YANIK Serhat
Published: January 2020

Günümüzün dinamik iş dünyasında işletmeler rekabetçi avantajlarını, insan kaynaklarını sürekli eğitmek ve geliştirmek yoluyla elde etmektedirler. Eğitim ve geliştirmede yeni bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkan e-öğrenme, hem eğitim sürecinin etkinliğini hem de eğitilen kişi sayısını artırabilmektedir. Çalışmada eğitim tekniklerinin gelişimi, e- öğrenme felsefesi, uygulama aşamaları ve e-öğrenme uygulamalarının avantajları, şirketin öğrenme kültüründeki değişim gözönünde bulundurularak ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle e-öğrenme sürecinin hazırlık, strateji geliştirme, teknoloji ve içerik seçimi, çalışanların süreç hakkında bilgilendirilmesi ve sürecin uygulama ve değerlendirilme aşamaları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. E-öğrenmenin iş sonuçları, çalışanlar ve eğitim fonksiyonuna etkileri de değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, Türkiye’de başarı ile gerçekleştirilen kapsamlı e-öğrenme çalışmaları da ele alınmaktadır. Sonuç olarak e-öğrenme stratejisini işletme stratejisi ile uyumlaştıran işletmelerin sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde edecekleri vurgulanmıştır.
Being and Time-less Faith: Juxtaposing Heideggerian Anxiety and Religious Experience
Authors: Lyonhart Jonathan
Published: January 2020

In Heidegger, fear reveals the thing to be feared in a fuller way than theory can. However, anxiety is distinct from fear, for while fear is directed towards a specific thing within the world, anxiety is anxious about existence itself, disclosing the totality of Being. A similar method could be applied to faith. Arguably, faith is a mood; a feeling of trust in the divine that can be phenomenologically consistent and overwhelming. However, faith is not necessarily directed towards a specific object within the world. One cannot point and say: “God is right there!” Indeed, attempts to do so through miracles, teleology or dialectics have been roundly critiqued by the Western tradition. But then what is this mood of faith disclosing if not something within the world? Perhaps, like anxiety, faith is not revealing an object within the world, but the world as a totality. Since God—at least the God central to much of the Judeo-Christian tradition—is not a being but Being itself (or in some formulations is actually ‘beyond being’), God therefore cannot be disclosed in the world as an object but has to be disclosed as that which is transcendently beyond it. Such a conclusion does not simply flee the realm of the everyday, but derives from, and legitimates, basic descriptions of religious experience. Specifically, Judeo-Christian descriptions of (1) divine providence, (2) happiness/ joy, (3) the eschatological ‘not yet’, and (4) Divine Hiddenness. This paper will argue that appropriating Heidegger’s phenomenological method in his discussions of fear/anxiety and applying them to Judeo-Christian descriptions of faith thus leads to a radically different ontology from that of Heidegger himself, offering a renewed basis for religion that contrasts the nothingness revealed by anxiety with the divinity revealed by faith, challenging us to weigh for ourselves which mood is more swaying.
Chemotherapy: Knowing When to Start, Evaluate for Response, and Stop
Authors: Lee Hee Seung
Published: January 2020

Chemotherapy is essential treatment in pancreatobiliary cancer patients. Knowing optimal time of chemotherapy initiation is important. Usually good performance status and general condition without jaundice is first recommendation for initiating chemotherapy. Good performance status is defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-1, with good biliary drainage and adequate nutritional intake. Percutaneous or endoscopic biliary drainage is recommended before chemotherapy in patient who shows high bilirubin level. The optimal timing of chemotherapy after diagnosis is not standardized but guideline recommends chemotherapy less 2 months after initial cancer diagnosis. Regard to chemotherapy response evaluation, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria is used per 2-3 months. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria evaluate the chemotherapy responsiveness. With regular tumor response, clinicians must determine whether patient can undergo chemotherapy continuously without complication. For example, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3 or poor general condition make patient not to undergo chemotherapy and focus on end-of-life care. As a result, knowing about the start and stop of chemotherapy can help relieve the patient's symptoms, prolong survival and improve the quality of life.
Management of Pain, Exocrine and Endocrine Insufficiency in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Jeon Tae Joo
Published: January 2020

Chronic pancreatitis is the progressive and inflammatory disease which will result in the irreversible destruction and fibrosis of the pancreas. These processes cause chronic pain and pancreatic dysfunctions such as exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Medical treatment for chronic pancreatitis would be reviewed in this article. Abdominal pain should be accessed by using multidimensional approach including pain intensity, pattern, impact on daily function and quality of life. Abstinence from alcohol and smoking should be strong recommendation. The guideline for analgesic therapy follows the principles of the “pain relief ladder” by World Health Organization. The pancreatic enzyme replacement should be considered when exocrine insufficiency is suspected. Enteric-coated microspheres or mini-microspheres of <2 mm in size with a minimum lipase dose of 40,000–50,000 United States Pharmacopeia are the recommended preparations. These preparations should be taken with main meals. Increasing the oral enzyme dose and the addition of a proton pump inhibitor could be considered in cases of unsatisfactory clinical response. Diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis is classified as Type IIIc diabetes mellitus. Optimal pharmacological treatment has not been established yet but should promote life-style changes, which may improve glucose control and avoid hypoglycemia. In patients with severe malnutrition, insulin therapy is recommended as a first choice. Treatment for chronic pancreatitis can include medication, therapeutic endoscopy, interventional radiology, and surgery. Among them, medical treatment is the most important and should be well understood.
Pemertahanan Bahasa Jawa Santri Pondok Pesantren Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah Banaran Gunungpati Semarang
Authors: Sih Sri Ning , Kurniati Endang , M.Pd. Widodo
Published: January 2020

AbstractJavanese language as a regional language along with the development era is starting to be forgotten. Various attempts to maintain language are carried out as a preservation effort so that Javanese language is not extinct. This study describes the problem of Javanese language retention in Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah Islamic Boarding School students. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research data source of speech by students of Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah. The data used is a fragment of the speech of students of the Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah. Data collection techniques using record techniques and note taking techniques. The results of the analysis can be concluded: (1) Javanese language retention Santri Islamic Boarding School Durrotu Ahlissunnah Waljamaah consists of two forms, namely (a) a form of active detention that is the use of Javanese as a whole in which no other languages are mixed, and (2) a form of passive retention that is a form of language retention characterized by the use of Javanese but containing one foreign language element or the use of other languages but there is Javanese in it.Keywords: language retention, boarding school.
Natural Genetic Variation Underlying Tiller Development in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
Authors: Haaning Allison M , Smith Kevin P , Brown-Guedira Gina L , Chao Shiaoman , Tyagi Priyanka , Muehlbauer Gary J
Published: January 2020

In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lateral branches called tillers contribute to grain yield and define shoot architecture, but genetic control of tiller number and developmental rate are not well characterized. The primary objectives of this work were to examine relationships between tiller number and other agronomic and morphological traits and identify natural genetic variation associated with tiller number and rate, and related traits. We grew 768 lines from the USDA National Small Grain Collection in the field and collected data over two years for tiller number and rate, and agronomic and morphological traits. Our results confirmed that spike row-type and days to heading are correlated with tiller number, and as much as 28% of tiller number variance was associated with these traits. In addition, negative correlations between tiller number and leaf width and stem diameter were observed, indicating trade-offs between tiller development and other vegetative growth. Thirty-three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with tiller number or rate. Of these, 40% overlapped QTL associated with days to heading and 22% overlapped QTL associated with spike row-type, further supporting that tiller development is associated with these traits. Some QTL associated with tiller number or rate, including the major QTL on chromosome 3H, were not associated with other traits, suggesting that some QTL may be directly related to rate of tiller development or axillary bud number. These results enhance our knowledge of the genetic control of tiller development in barley, which is important for optimizing tiller number and rate for yield improvement.
Geopedological processes in Doñana National Park (Spain)
Authors: Recio Espejo J. M. , Borja C. , Diaz del Olmo F. , Cámara R.
Published: February 2020

On the dunes of Doñana National Park (Spain) and in areas coinciding with a Juniperus turbinata evolved savin forest, the presence of Arenosoles with dark colours, presence of clays and levels enriched in iron and manganese at about 60 cm depth are detected. Its physicochemical and mineralogical characterization has been carried out following the usual methodology of our laboratory. These soils (profile SOJ-2) show a higher level of magnetic susceptibility, vermiculite biogenic clays and mild luvic and chromic properties in an B incipient horizon formation. All this denotes a greater pedogenesis that usually affects to the aeolian littoral sheet that characterizes to this important natural reserve. The phytostability that Juniperus turbinata offers would be the responsible for this pedogenesis, and the evolution experienced by the physicochemical parameters with the depth show an intense lateral washing of sand (sand washing). The different patterns of distribution of the medium sands along the profile could be used for the differentiation between different environmental conditions.
THE BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION. THE EXPERIENCE IN PORTUGUESE POLYTECHNICS
Authors: Mourato Joaquim
Published: January 2020

The European Commission [4] states that each Member State should adjust its national strategies to enhance its potential and international presence and attract talent. Account must be taken of both the national skills shortage and the lack of intercultural skills and the knowledge and research needs of their developing partner countries.
Globalization is a process of great expansion, irreversible and with deep implications in all areas. This process will result in new opportunities and new challenges for the next generations of students and teachers looking to develop in an increasingly interdependent context.
The Portuguese polytechnics, through the implementation of a concerted internationalization strategy between the institutions, have already achieved significant results in terms of international affiliations, international student and teacher and non-teaching staff mobility, joint programs and degrees and joint research projects. The internationalization of Portuguese higher education institutions (HEI) in recent years confirms the trend towards globalization of higher education.
Modeling of systemic inflammatory response syndrome by chemical induction of colon injury in rats
Authors: Borschev Yu. Yu. , Burovenko I. Yu. , Karaseva A. B. , Minasyan S. M. , Borschev V. Yu. , Semenova N. Yu. , Borshcheva O. V. , Polovinkin V. V. , Rodionov G. G. , Suvorov A. N. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: February 2020

Our objective was to develop a model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by chemical induction of colon injury and antibiotic-associated intestinal dysbiosis in rats with primary visceral obesity (PVO) for studies of myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The experiments were performed with adult Wistar male rats with PVO under improved conditions of a conventional animal clinic. The chemically induced inflammatory colon disease (CIICD) was accomplished by intragastric administration of a mixture of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents (AMA) for 3 days. Five days later, immunological and biochemical studies were carried out, as follows: composition of the intestinal microbiota in feces and shortchain fatty acids in blood, morphological changes in the structure of the colon, hemodynamic parameters and myocardial stability with modified Langendorff system. In PVO rats, the mass of visceral fat deposits and the content of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the blood were significantly increased when giving them fatcarbohydrate diet (FCD). In animals with CIICD, in addition to LPS, there was a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokine concentration (TNF, IL-8, MCP-1), and after oral administration of the AMA mixture, pronounced disturbances of food behavior and evacuatory function of gastrointestinal tract, deep destructive changes in colon, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microbiota with characteristics typical to the first-grade dysbiosis. High levels were shown for IL-8 cytokine only. An increase in acetic and propionic acid concentrations were shown in blood in animals with CIICD, and, to a greater extent, in rats with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis (AID). FCD was followed by significantly reduced levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in colonic contents. CIICD leads to detection of Escherichia coli, and intestinal dysbiosis leads to the manifestation of Proteus. A comorbid combination of pathological changes in the immune and digestive systems caused a significant increase in the area of myocardial necrosis (by 35 percent) in isolated heart by, thus presuming decreased myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The SIRS model induced by chemical trauma to large intestine is aggravated by the introduction of AMAs mixture, and it is characterized by a controlled change in inflammatory markers. Deterioration of morphofunctional characteristics in isolated heart included decrease in resistance to IRI seems to correspond to acute inflammatory bowel disease with induced intestinal dysbiosis. This model can be used in experimental medicine in the field of cardiology, endomicroecology, gastroenterology, and immunology.