bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do clinical investigations predict long‐term wheeze? A follow‐up of pediatric respiratory outpatients
Authors: de Jong Carmen C. M. , Pedersen Eva SL. , Goutaki Myrofora , Trachsel Daniel , Barben Juerg , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The contribution of clinical investigations to prediction of long‐term outcomes of children investigated for asthma is unclear.

Aim

We performed a broad range of clinical tests and investigated whether they helped to predict long‐term wheeze among children referred for evaluation of possible asthma.

Methods

We studied children aged 6 to 16 years referred to two Swiss pulmonary outpatient clinics with a history of wheeze, dyspnea, or cough in 2007. The initial assessment included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, skin prick tests, and bronchial provocation tests by exercise, methacholine, and mannitol. Respiratory symptoms were assessed with questionnaires at baseline and at follow‐up 7 years later. Associations between baseline factors and wheeze at follow‐up were investigated by logistic regression.

Results

At baseline, 111 children were examined in 2007. After 7 years, 85 (77%) completed the follow‐up questionnaire, among whom 61 (72%) had wheeze at baseline, while at follow‐up 39 (46%) reported wheeze. Adjusting for age and sex, the following characteristics predicted wheeze at adolescence: wheeze triggered by pets (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐14.8), pollen (2.8, 1.1‐7.0), and exercise (3.1, 1.2‐8.0). Of the clinical tests, only a positive exercise test (3.2, 1.1‐9.7) predicted wheeze at adolescence.

Conclusion

Reported exercise‐induced wheeze and wheeze triggered by pets or pollen were important predictors of wheeze persistence into adolescence. None of the clinical tests predicted wheeze more strongly than reported symptoms. Clinical tests might be important for asthma diagnosis but medical history is more helpful in predicting prognosis in children referred for asthma.
Preparative isolation of caffeoylquinic acid isomers from Kuding tea by salt‐containing aqueous two‐phase extraction and purification by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Liu Dan , Liu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaozhe
Published: April 2019

Caffeoylquinic acid and its derivatives are important groups of natural plant phenols with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, a salt‐containing aqueous system consisting of ethanol/ammonium sulfate/water 32:21:47 wt% was used to enrich these polar phenols from crude Kuding tea extract. In a one‐step extraction, the yields of 1‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid and 3‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid can be up to three times that obtained by using a 1‐butanol/water system. To purify polar caffeoylquinic acid, a two‐step high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method with a conventional organic/water system and a salt‐containing aqueous system was introduced. In the first step, dicaffeoylquinic acids and their derivatives were separated from the crude extract using n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (0.05% formic acid) 1:5:2.5:5 v/v. And caffeoylquinic acids and polar 1,3‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid were collected as a mixed fraction. In the second step, the mixture was futher purified using a 1‐butanol/ethanol/saturated ammonium sulfate/water (9:1:6:4, v/v) solvent system. 1‐O‐Caffeoylquinic acid, 3‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 1,3‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid were well separated with high purities of 90%. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a standard reference.
Access to Books Matters: Cultural Ambassadors and the Editorial Task Force
Authors: Wu Andrea Mei‐Ying
Published: April 2019

The author introduces the Editorial Task Force for Children's Books and discusses its mission, created when the task force was launched in the mid‐1960s in Taiwan, to publish children's books for young readers. The messages embedded in such a mission for access to books are not only individually pertinent but also nationally and globally significant. Munro Leaf and Helen R. Sattley, two cultural ambassadors from the United States, also play significant roles as children's literature specialists to usher in new concepts on reading and writing for the young. A look back at the history of the campaign for childhood reading in one country and in a global context can help teachers and educators (re)consider why access to books matters for students in the present day. Children's access to books, particularly in the digital age, remains an urgent and demanding issue that requires further cross‐cultural dialogue and understanding.
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Voluntary Limit-Setting on Gamblers’ Loyalty Using Behavioural Tracking Data
Authors: Auer Michael , Hopfgartner Niklas , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: April 2019

Online gambling has become increasingly popular over the past decade as has research using behavioural tracking (player account) data. To date, there is no study that has empirically investigated the effects of responsible gambling tools on loyalty. In the present study, the effect of voluntary limit-setting on player loyalty was evaluated over time using tracking data provided by an online gambling operator. More specifically, the authors were given access to an anonymised dataset of 175,818 players who had placed at least one bet or gambled at least once during January 2016 to May 2017 at the online gambling operator Kindred. The average age of the players was 31 years, and overall 18,484 of the players were female (10.5%). The dataset comprised a 20% random sample of the total player population of Kindred. In each of ten playing intensity groups, the percentage of active players in the first quarter of 2017 was higher in the group of players who had set voluntary money limits in the first quarter of 2016 compared to players that did not (suggesting players that set voluntary spending limits are more loyal compared to those who do not). The implications of these findings are discussed.
On the classification of stop consonants (1939)
Authors: Catford J. C.
Published: April 2019

The reprinted text entitled ‘On the classification of stop consonants’ was written by J. C. Catford, in original phonetic transcription, for the 1939 January–March issue (vol. 65) of Le Maître Phonétique and is an example of the article de fond type of contribution. J. C. (Ian) Catford (1917–2009) studied phonetics with Daniel Jones, Pierre Fouché and Marguerite Durand. He founded the School of Applied Linguistics in Edinburgh in the early 1950s. In 1964, he was invited to the University of Michigan, where he headed the English Language Institute and the Laboratory of Communication Studies until his retirement in 1985.
Management of Cushing's Disease After Failed Surgery - A Review
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Kassam Amin B. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Kelly Daniel F.
Published: April 2019

Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy is generally recommended for initial treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) because it achieves a high (70-85%) rate of remission. However, if initial surgery is not successful, the approach to persistent or recurrent CD is more complex. Because residual or recurrent adenoma is typically found at the site of the original adenoma, repeat transsphenoidal surgery is recommended including selective adenomectomy, hemihypophysectomy or total hypophysectomy. If repeat pituitary surgery does not achieve remission, then possible adjuvant therapies include radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy, bilateral adrenalectomy, and/or medical therapy. In all cases of persistent or recurrent CD, successful treatment requires close collaboration of endocrinologists, radiation oncologists and neurosurgeons.
Serial MR Imaging of Adult-Onset Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Authors: Irislimane Myriam , Guilbert François , Leroux Jean-Maxime , Carmant Lionel , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: April 2019

A 52-year-old woman was referred for a progressive neurological condition which started a year before with continuous irregular twitching of the right facial and arm muscles as well as the tongue and palate, followed by progressive dysphagia, right hemiparesis, ataxia, dysphasia and dysarthria. Though magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at clinical presentation and a year after were both normal (Figure A1), Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) was strongly suspected and treatment with corticosteroids and immunoglobulins were begun. A third MRI, two years after onset, revealed mild T2 hyperintense subcortical white matter changes over the left perisylvian region (Figure A) which confirmed our initial suspicion of RE as she now met clinical, electrophysiological and morphological criterias for RE. While waiting for a cerebral biopsy after unsatisfactory response from antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, her condition markedly worsened less than three years after onset with the sudden occurrence of status epilepticus requiring intubation and continuous infusions of midazolam and propofol.
Bois et déboisement dans la Méditerranée antique
Authors: Harris William V.
Published: April 2019

L’accumulation rapide de données scientifiques (notamment palynologiques) permet aujourd’hui de faire l’histoire longue de la déforestation. Dans cet article portant sur le monde méditerranéen de 800 av. J.-C. à 600 ap. J.-C., le croisement de ces élément avec les sources textuelles nous permet de montrer que gestion des forêts a permis de limiter les déforestations sévères (menant à la pénurie de bois de chauffe) à des occurrences relativement isolées. Les données sur les grands arbres, toutefois, suggèrent que ces essences se dépeuplaient dans des proportions parfois aiguës dans les régions où la construction de navires ou de grands bâtiments était intense. En l’état actuel de nos connaissances, ni une lecture catastrophiste ni une vision trop optimiste ne se justifient, mais les données continuent de s’accumuler, et de sérieux problèmes de définition demeurent qui incitent à la prudence des conclusions.
Diasporas marchandes et commerce interculturel: Familles, réseaux et confiance dans l’économie de l’époque modern
Authors: Calafat Guillaume
Published: April 2019

Comment entretenir des relations de commerce durables avec des étrangers, différents par leurs ethnies, leurs langues ou leurs religions ? Comment leur faire confiance ou s’assurer de leur honnêteté malgré la distance matérielle ? L’historiographie a coutume de mettre en avant la forte cohésion ethnique des diasporas marchandes pour expliquer leur succès dans l’économie globalisée de l’époque moderne. Dans son dernier ouvrage, Francesca Trivellato remet en question cette vision essentialiste. À travers l’étude de la correspondance d’Ergas &Silvera, une société en nom collectif sépharade basée dans le port toscan de Livourne, l’historienne montre l’hétérogénéité de leurs réseaux marchands : les juifs sépharades pouvaient coopérer tout aussi bien avec des coreligionnaires qu’avec des catholiques, voire des hindous à Goa, en fonction des perspectives de gain qu’offraient les associés potentiels. Cela ne dissolvait pas pour autant les préjugés existants entre les différents groupes. L’ouvrage incite de manière convaincante à entreprendre une analyse comparée des diasporas marchandes et offre un exemple réussi d’histoire connectée.
Maurice Halbwachs ou la mnémotopie: «Textes topographiques» et inscription spatiale de la mémoire
Authors: Iogna-Prat Dominique
Published: April 2019

Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945) est l’une de ces figures des temps héroïques de la sociologie française tout encombrées de clichés dont on peine souvent à apprécier la vraie stature. Au nombre de ces clichés, désormais quantifiablesad nauseampar les moteurs de recherche, la « mémoire collective », flottant entre philosophie bergsonnienne et sociologie durkheimienne; ou le modèle de l’engagement intellectuel, fixé autant par le roman – spécialement l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun,L’écriture ou la vie(1994), etUne tombe au creux des nuages(2010) – que par la martyrologie de la Résistance, l’évocation des Justes dont « l’histoire a fait l’Histoire » et la célébration par le milieu savant lui-même de ses grands fondateurs « assassinés », catégorie dans laquelle M. Halbwachs rejoint vite son contemporain Marc Bloch.
Development of a new spatial analysis tool in mental health: Identification of highly autocorrelated areas (hot-spots) of schizophrenia using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm model (MOEA/HS)
Authors: García-Alonso Carlos R. , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Negrín-Hernández Miguel A. , Moreno-Küstner Berta
Published: April 2019

Aims— This study had two objectives: 1) to design and develop a computer-based tool, calledMulti-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm/Hot-Spots(MOEA/HS), to identify and geographically locate highly autocorrelated zones or hot-spots and which merges different methods, and 2) to carry out a demonstration study in a geographical area where previous information about the distribution of schizophrenia prevalence is available and which can therefore be compared.Methods—Local Indicators of Spatial Aggregation(LISA) models as well as theBayesian Conditional Autoregressive Model(CAR) were used as objectives in a multicriteria framework when highly autocorrelated zones (hot-spots) need to be identified and geographically located. AMulti-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm(MOEA) model was designed and used to identify highly autocorrelated areas of the prevalence of schizophrenia in Andalusia. Hot-spots were statistically identified using exponential-based QQ-Plots (statistics of extremes).Results— Efficient solutions (Pareto set) from MOEA/HS were analysed statistically and one main hot-spot was identified and spatially located. Our model can be used to identify and locate geographical hot-spots of schizophrenia prevalence in a large and complicated region.Conclusions— MOEA/HS enables a compromise to be achieved between different econometric methods by highlighting very special zones in complex areas where schizophrenia shows a high autocorrelation.

Declaration of Interest:This study was partly supported by the Andalusian Government, P05-TIC-00531, PAI:P06-CTS-01765, CTS-587, PI-338/2008]; the Ministry of Education and Science [TIN2005–08386-C05–02] and the Ministry of Health [PI08/90752]. No additional financial sources have been received. No involvements are in conflict with this paper.
Depression and treatment nonadherence in type 2 diabetes: Assessment issues and an integrative treatment approach
Authors: Gonzalez Jeffrey S. , Esbitt Sabrina A.
Published: April 2019

Research has found that depression is more common among individuals with diabetes and is associated with worse diabetes outcomes including treatment nonadherence, worse glycemic control, higher risk of diabetes complications, greater functional impairment, and increased risk of mortality. These patterns of association have led to an increase in research investigating the relationship between diabetes and depression. There remain important questions about the relationship between depression and diabetes and an unmet need for treatment approaches that are successful in ameliorating depression and improving diabetes outcomes. The current commentary discusses several conceptual issues related to the measurement of depression in diabetes, argues for the importance of health behavior and treatment adherence in approaching the problem of depression in diabetes, and provides an example of a treatment approach that incorporates the treatment of depression with strategies aimed at improving treatment adherence in order to maximize effects on diabetes outcomes.
The many lives of an (associate) editor
Authors: Pariante Carmine M.
Published: April 2019

The role of editor of a journal attracts the vision of a scholar isolated in an ivory tower selecting “la crème” of the submitted papers, with no other preoccupations that the scientific rigour. This, is of course, only one of the many roles – or, as this editorial calls them, lives – of an editor. The essential skills are many and more complex, and an editor will encounter many problems that are related to such diverse issues as anticipating scientific trends, investigating misbehaviours, settling ethical disputes, and interfacing with the lay press. It is exciting and rewarding, and never predictable.
Decrease in early adolescent illegal substance use in the Veneto region
Authors: Mazzardis Sonia , Vieno Alessio , Furegato Martina , Santinello Massimo , Mirandola Massimo
Published: April 2019

Il consumo di sostanze psicotrope, oltre ad essere un importante fattore di rischio per lo stato di salute individuale, rappresenta un fenomeno con significative ricadute in ambito sociale (Santinello et al., 2006; Serpelloni et al., 2009). Come riportato nella Relazione annuale sullo stato delle Tossicodipendenze in Italia (2009), nel 2007 sono stati registrati, nella regione Veneto, circa 11 decessi ogni 100000 abitanti a seguito di incidenti stradali droga-correlati. In particolare, le fasce detà maggiormente interessate dal fenomeno sono risultate, per le femmine, quelle tra i 14 e i 24 anni e, per i maschi, quelle tra i 19 e i 24 anni.
In memoriam Leon Eisenberg and the essence of Medicine
Authors: Salvador-Carulla Luis
Published: April 2019

I got in touch with Leon Eisenberg at the very end of his long and fulfilling professional life, or, to be precise, he got in touch with me. On December 12th, 2006 I received a sharp and hilarious comment on a paper I had written on the change of the name “mental retardation” to “intellectual disability” and its relation to stigma. In a friendly tone, it distilled joy of life and “bonheur”. The author recalled an old editorial at the American Journal of Psychiatry which explained that soldiers with neuropsychiatric problems were classified under a code known as ‘Section 8’ during the Second World War. “In no time at all, this classification number spread throughout the military community and became a term of derision. If you were thought to be a bit odd, you were called a ‘Section 8. Army psychiatrists concerned about the stigma changed the terminology from “Section 8” to “Simple Adult Maladjustment”. Not long after the change was made, the author of the editorial was in a base camp watching a film starring Jerry Lewis. He was astonished to hear members of the audience call out ‘Look at the ‘Sammy. After a moment he realized that “Sammy” stemmed from the initial letters “S.A.M.” of “Simple Adult Maladjustment”.
Girder integration NSLS-II
Authors: Doom L. , Anerella M. , Dilgen T. , Edwards R. , Faussete R. , Hubbard R. , Jain A. , Karl F. , Lucas M. , Sharma S. , Skaritka J. , Spataro C.
Published: April 2019

National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) will be a 3-GeV 792 m circumference third generation synchrotron radiation facility with ultra low emittance and extremely high brightness. There will be a total of 90 multipole storage ring girders supporting the vacuum chambers, multipole magnets and various pieces of ancillary equipment. A major effort is being made to meet the stringent assembly and alignment requirements for the girder assemblies using relatively few and removable positioning fixtures. Girder assembly and alignment will be accomplished in four phases. Each of these phases will be described along with the fixtures required.
Jupiter’s Northern Lights on Display in Otherworldly Movie
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: April 2019

The first movie of Jupiter’s infrared aurora gives scientists a new look at the Jovian magnetic field.
Contrasting Short‐Lived With Long‐Lived Mesoscale Eddies in the Global Ocean
Authors: Chen Ge , Han Guiyan
Published: April 2019

The increase of temporal resolution from weekly to daily and spatial resolution from ~1° to ~(1/4)° in merged altimeter sea surface height data along with their over two decades of time series opens an unprecedented opportunity to reveal the “spectrum” of eddy variabilities from days to years in time and from mesoscale to semimesoscale in space. Eddies with a lifetime shorter than 1 month or longer than 1 year are classified here as short lived and long lived, respectively. Contrasting the variabilities of short‐ and long‐lived eddies could be an effective way to explore their geographic origins and dynamic formations. In the time domain, the population fluctuations of short‐ and long‐lived eddies are basically dominated by annual and interannual component, respectively. The magnitude of kinematic and dynamic properties of oceanic eddies is positively correlated with their lifetime in general. Statistically, the properties of short‐lived (long‐lived) eddies experience a symmetric (an asymmetric) growth and decay with a single flat peak during their life cycles. In the space domain, eddy occurrence is observed as a high probability event, which can reach every corner of the ocean. However, homes of short‐ and long‐lived eddies are highly regionalized and are geographically separated. A prominent “young eddy belt” is observed in the tropical oceans for the first time. These findings suggest two fundamental characteristics with regard to short‐ and long‐lived mesoscale eddies: residing in largely separated geographic zones under different mechanisms while following a similar pattern of intrinsic life cycle in terms of property evolution.
A phototunable anion receptor for C–H⋯X interactions with benzoate anions
Authors: Rahaman Sk. Atiur , Hossain Munshi Sahid , Baburaj Sruthy , Biswas Ankita , Bag Arijit , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: April 2019

A phototunable receptor binds to anions in one of its photoisomeric forms via CH⋯X interaction.
Hybrid precoding for millimetre wave MIMO systems based on particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Cui Mingyang , Zou Weixia , Wang Ye , Zhang Ran
Published: April 2019

Millimetre wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems have been proposed to enable Gbps communication for next‐generation cellular systems and local area networks. To compensate for the severe propagation loss of the mmWave channel, a cost‐effective hybrid precoding architecture, combining a digital precoder and an analogue precoder, is widely used in mmWave MIMO systems. In this study, two hybrid precoding algorithms based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm will be proposed for two different hybrid precoding structures, i.e. the fully connected and partially connected structures. First, the authors use the phase of the analogue precoding variable to replace the corresponding variable with the constraints of the unit norm to solve the non‐convex constraints skillfully. Then they design analogue precoding by using PSO algorithm and compute the digital precoding based on the least squares solution. Finally, the proposed algorithms are compared with the existing advanced algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can approach the optimal performance under the corresponding structure.
Memorability‐based image compression
Authors: Khanna Meera Thapar , Ralekar Chetan , Goel Anurika , Chaudhury Santanu , Lall Brejesh
Published: April 2019

This study is concerned with achieving the image compression using the concept of memorability. The authors have used memorability of an image, as a perceptual measure while image coding. In the proposed approach, a region‐of‐interest‐based memorability preserving image compression algorithm which is accomplished via two sub‐processes namely, memorability prediction and image compression is introduced. The memorability of images is predicted using convolutional neural network and restricted Boltzmann machine features. Based on these features, the memorability score of individual patches in an image is calculated and these scores are used to generate the memorability map. These memorability map values are used for optimised image compression. In order to validate the results, an eye tracking experiment with human participants is performed. The comparative analysis shows that the memorability‐based compression outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art compression techniques.
Fusing texture, edge and line features for smoke recognition
Authors: Yuan Feiniu , Li Gang , Xia Xue , Lei Bangjun , Shi Jinting
Published: April 2019

To improve recognition accuracy, the authors fuse texture, edge and line information to propose a feature extraction method for smoke recognition. The Canny operator is proposed to generate an edge image from an original image, and then adopt the Hough transform to extract straight lines from the edge image. The lines are rasterised to generate a discrete line image and two local patterns are proposed for the edge and line images. The first one is local boundary summation pattern (LBSP) that computes the sum of binary pixel values along the boundary of a local region around a centre pixel. The second one is called local region summation pattern (LRSP) that sums up the binary values of pixels in a local region around the centre pixel. Besides LBSP and LRSP, LBPs with three mapping modes (LBP_M3) to achieve traditional texture information are also extracted. Finally, the authors concatenate the histograms of LBP_M3, LBSP and LRSP to generate a feature vector, and use support vector machine for classifying and testing. Experiments show that authors’ method outperforms most of existing traditional methods for smoke recognition. Although this method has low dimensional features, it also obtains good performance for multi‐class texture classification.
Critical analysis of step‐graded polarisation engineered electron‐blocking layer optimisation for InGaN MQW laser diode
Authors: Paliwal Avinash , Singh Kuldip , Mathew Manish
Published: April 2019

Here, the authors have optimised electron‐blocking layer (EBL) with step graded design for a laser diode (LD) with an emission wavelength of 450 nm. Step graded EBL contain layers of varying compositions from In0.04Ga0.96N to Al0.2Ga0.8N with the total thickness of 30 nm. The electron leakage has reduced from ∼2272 to ∼6.6 A cm−2, while hole transportation has improved by 2.185at 10 kA cm−2 injected current density. The light output power per facet of reference LD is 146.8 mW, which the authors have enhanced to 247.7 mW in authors’ step‐graded EBL structure. The slope efficiency has increased by ∼61.9%. Also, the EBL energybarrier hasincreased by 324.2 meV, while the hole transportation barrierhas reduced by 77.1 meV. The reduction in hole transportation barrier and increase in EBL barrier plays the vital role in the improved performance of LDs. The built‐in potential affects the EBL band bending. Electric fields due to polarisation, ionised impurity charge distribution, and externally applied bias are investigated. It is observed that the step graded EBL structurereduces the built‐in potential at the EBL interface, thus, resulting in reduced band bending as compared to reference laser structure.
Direct instantaneous torque control for switched reluctance machines considering mutual coupling
Authors: Weiss Claude Pascal , Schoeler Sebastian , De Doncker Rik Wivina
Published: April 2019

Torque ripple reduction is the main goal of direct instantaneous torque control (DITC). However, the quality of the switched reluctance machine control is only as good as its machine model. Depending on the saturation characteristics and the number of machine phases, as well as the coil orientation of the individual phases, different mutual coupling effects between the phases occur. This study discusses the influence mutual coupling has and how the coupling effects can be incorporated into the DITC machine model. Thus, effectively reducing the influence the coil arrangement has on the resulting output torque. Furthermore, the amount of harmonic content in the torque ripple is reduced considerably.
Ferrite‐based axial flux permanent magnet generator for wind turbines
Authors: Ridge Alex N. , Ademi Sul , McMahon Richard A. , Kelly Hugh‐Peter
Published: April 2019

This study presents the development of a framework used to optimise and experimentally validate a novel axial flux direct‐drive (DD) permanent magnet generator (PMG) for the offshore wind turbine market. This technology aims to offer significant levelised cost of energy (LCoE) reductions via capital expenditure and operating expense (CAPEX and OPEX) savings – a key objective for the offshore industry. The DD‐PMG technology uses ferrite magnets to create the magnetic field, which is a significant source of cost reduction. The use of ferrite could also eliminate an industry wide reliance on neodymium iron boron, the scarce and expensive rare‐earth magnet used in existing designs. Another advantage of a ferrite‐based design is that it is less sensitive to the cooling problems that currently face existing DD‐PMGs. This study describes the development and testing of two prototype machines at nominal 2 and 70 kW power ratings. Moreover, the finite element analysis and analytical steps employed to develop optimised designs together with the experimental verification are presented. The simulated and experimental results show good agreement which provides confidence in the design and modelling work completed.
Modelling and control of the roll‐stabilised control unit of a rotary steerable system directional drilling tool
Authors: Alturbeh Hamid , Whidborne James F. , Luk Patrick , Bayliss Martin
Published: April 2019

A directional drilling tool control unit whose design is based on servo control of a rotary valve using the roll‐stabilised instrumented system approach has been successfully used in oil fields for over 20 years. Here, field‐oriented control (FOC) is applied to cascaded voltage regulation and servo control using an open‐loop plant model of the roll‐stabilised control unit. The servo control is applied to the rotary valve so that drilling mud is ported in a geostationary direction despite the rotation of the drill string and the bottom hole assembly of the rotary steerable system. Voltage regulation is applied in order to provide a DC voltage bus for the servo control of the valve. A torquer or alternator, which is a type of permanent magnet synchronous machine, is the core of the roll stabilised control unit. So, a mathematical model of the torquer is derived. An FOC scheme is proposed for servo control and to provide a DC regulated voltage using the torquers. The algorithm is tested in MATLAB/Simulink.
A dynamic multilayer shallow water model for polydisperse sedimentation
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Fernández-Nieto Enrique D. , Osores Víctor
Published: April 2019

A multilayer shallow water approach for the approximate description of polydisperse sedimentation in a viscous fluid is presented. The fluid is assumed to carry finely dispersed solid particles that belong to a finite number of species that differ in density and size. These species segregate and form areas of different composition. In addition, the settling of particles influences the motion of the ambient fluid. A distinct feature of the new approach is the particular definition of the average velocity of the mixture. It takes into account the densities of the solid particles and the fluid and allows us to recover the global mass conservation and linear momentum balance laws of the mixture. This definition motivates a modification of the Masliyah–Lockett–Bassoon (MLB) settling velocities of each species. The multilayer shallow water model allows one to determine the spatial distribution of the solid particles, the velocity field, and the evolution of the free surface of the mixture. The final model can be written as a multilayer model with variable density where the unknowns are the average velocities and concentrations in each layer, the transfer terms across each interface, and the total mass. An explicit formula of the transfer terms leads to a reduced form of the system. Finally, an explicit bound of the minimum and maximum eigenvalues of the transport matrix of the system is utilized to design a Harten–Lax–van Leer (HLL)-type path-conservative numerical method. Numerical simulations illustrate the coupled polydisperse sedimentation and flow fields in various scenarios, including sedimentation in a type of basin that is used in practice in mining industry and in a basin whose bottom topography gives rise to recirculations of the fluid and high solids concentrations.
Image charge detection statistics relevant for deterministic ion implantation
Authors: Räcke Paul , Staacke Robert , Gerlach Jürgen W , Meijer Jan , Spemann Daniel
Published: April 2019

Image charge detection is a non-perturbative pre-detection approach for deterministic ion implantation. Using low energy ion bunches as a model system for highly charged single ions, we experimentally studied the error and detection rates of an image charge detector setup. The probability density functions of the signal amplitudes in the Fourier spectrum can be modelled with a generalised gamma distribution to predict error and detection rates. It is shown that the false positive error rate can be minimised at the cost of detection rate, but this does not impair the fidelity of a deterministic implantation process. Independent of the ion species, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2, a false positive error rate of 0.1% is achieved, while the detection rate is about 22%.
Ozone and heat-related mortality in Europe in 2050 significantly affected by changes in climate, population and greenhouse gas emission
Authors: Orru Hans , Åström Christofer , Andersson Camilla , Tamm Tanel , Ebi Kristie L , Forsberg Bertil
Published: April 2019

Climate change is expected to increase to extreme temperatures and lead to more intense formation of near-surface ozone. Higher temperatures can cause heat stress and ozone is a highly oxidative pollutant; both increase cardiorespiratory mortality. Using greenhouse gas and ozone precursor emission scenarios, global and regional climate and chemistry-transport models, epidemiological data, and population projections, we projected ozone- and heat-related health risks under a changing climate. European near-surface temperature was modelled with the regional climate model (RCA4), forced by the greenhouse gas emission scenario RCP4.5 and the global climate model EC-EARTH, and near-surface ozone was modelled with the Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) model. Two periods were compared: recent climate in 1991–2000 and future climate in 2046–2055, projecting around a 2° increase in global temperatures by that time. Projections of premature mortality considered future climate, future population, and future emissions separately and jointly to understand the relative importance of their contributions. Ozone currently causes 55 000 premature deaths annually in Europe due to long-term exposure, including a proportion of the estimated 26 000 deaths per year due to short-term exposures. When only taking into account the impact of a changing climate, up to an 11% increase in ozone-associated mortality is expected in some countries in Central and Southern Europe in 2050. However, projected decreases in ozone precursor emissions are expected to result in a decrease in ozone-related mortality (−30% as EU average). Due to aging and increasingly susceptible populations, the decrease in 2050 would be smaller, up to −24%. During summer months, ozone risks could combine with increasing temperatures, especially during the hottest periods and in densely populated urban areas. While the heat burden is currently of the same order of magnitude as ozone, due to increasing temperatures and decreasing ozone precursor emissions, heat-related mortality could be twice as large as ozone-related mortality in 2050.
CD161 Is Expressed in a Subset of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia Cases and Is Useful for Disease Follow-up
Authors: Gilles Scott R , Yohe Sophia L , Linden Michael A , Dolan Michelle , Hirsch Betsy , Grzywacz Bartosz
Published: April 2019

Objectives

CD161 (NKRP1) is a lectin-like receptor present on NK cells and rare T-cell subsets. We have observed CD161 expression in some cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) and found it to be useful in follow-up and detection of disease after treatment.

Methods

Retrospective review of T-PLL cases with complete flow cytometry data including CD161.

Results

We identified 10 cases of T-PLL with flow cytometric evaluation of CD161 available. Six of these cases were positive for CD161 expression. All CD161-positive cases were positive for CD8 with variable CD4 expression, whereas all CD161-negative cases were negative for CD8. In a case with two neoplastic subsets positive and negative for CD8, only the former expressed CD161.

Conclusions

These novel results suggest that CD161 is often aberrantly expressed in a defined subset of T-PLL positive for CD8. We are showing the utility of this immunophenotype in diagnosis and follow-up.
Ten-Year Safety Data for Eurosilicone’s Round and Anatomical Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Duteille Franck , Perrot Pierre , Bacheley Marie-Hélène , Bell Erin , Stewart Sharon
Published: April 2019

Background

Although silicone breast implants have been available for over 60 years, their safety and efficacy continue to be assessed via long-term clinical and vigilance studies. Complications often associated with breast implant surgery include but are not limited to capsular contracture and rupture.

Objective

The authors investigate and evaluate the safety and performance of Eurosilicone’s (Eurosilicone S.A.S, Apt Cedex, France) Cristalline Paragel breast implants at least 10 years postimplantation.

Methods

Nine hundred and ninety-five of Eurosilicone’s textured mammary implants were implanted in 526 women undergoing primary (423 patients) and revision surgery (103 patients) at 17 centers throughout France. Complications were recorded at 3 months and annually thereafter for 10 years. Descriptive statistics were used and the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to analyze key complications.

Results

Seventy-four women (98 implants) experienced capsular contracture across all cohorts. The Kaplan-Meier 10-year cumulative risk of capsular contracture (Baker Grade III/IV) per implant was 11.5% in the primary augmentation cohort and 25.2% in the primary reconstruction cohort. Sixteen implant ruptures were observed by surgeon examination giving a Kaplan-Meier risk of 3.8% per patient and 3.5% per implant. Surgical re-intervention (explantation/exchange) was reported 80 times resulting in a Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk of 13.3% and 31.6% for primary augmentation and primary reconstruction, respectively, per patient. Local complication rates including infection and seroma were low with risk rates of 0.6% and 0.2% by subject.

Conclusions

This multicenter clinical study demonstrates the long-term safety and efficacy profile through 10 years for Eurosilicone round and anatomical silicone gel breast implants.

Level of Evidence: 3
The safety and efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in children and adolescents with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a single-centre study
Authors: Karunamoorthy Saravanakumar , Thanigachalam Dineshkumar , Jeyachandran Dhanapriya , Ramanathan Sakthirajan , Natarajan Gopalakrishnan , Thoppalan Balasubramaniam
Published: April 2019

Background

Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) patients experience frequent relapse or adverse effects on long-term treatment with steroids or cyclophosphamide. This study assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome in our population.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on children with SDNS who were on MMF therapy for a minimum period of 1 year, and were on regular follow-up in the Department of Nephrology at the Institute of Child Health and hospital for children attached to Madras Medical College.

Results

The study included 87 patients, with a male:female ratio of 2:1. The median age at diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome was 3 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 1–8 years], which was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for MMF failure. The median duration of follow-up after initiation of MMF therapy was 3 years and 3 months (95% CI: 1 year and 3 months to 6 years and 6 months). At initial evaluation, 31 (36%) patients presented with SDNS while the remaining had frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome progressing to SDNS. Intravenous cyclophosphamide was used as first-line therapy in 82 patients, of whom 24 patients had persistent proteinuria while the remaining 58 had attained remission for a median duration of 6 months. The median duration of treatment with MMF was 2 years and 6 months (95% CI: 1 year and 3 months to 4 years and 6 months). MMF was used at a mean dose of 28.5 mg/kg. Seventy-two (83%) patients were MMF-sensitive, and these patients had a reduction in mean prednisolone dose from 1.28 to 0.35 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Among the MMF-sensitive patients, 31 had stopped MMF after a minimum period of 2 years, following which they had a median remission period of 5 months (95% CI: 1–8 months). MMF failure occurred in 15 (17%) patients. Adverse events were documented in 19 (22%) patients.

Conclusions

Continuous MMF therapy achieved remission in 83% of patients. MMF was well tolerated in the study population and discontinuation of MMF resulted in 100% relapse.
A novel human stem cell model for Coffin–Siris syndrome-like syndrome reveals the importance of SOX11 dosage for neuronal differentiation and survival
Authors: Turan Soeren , Boerstler Tom , Kavyanifar Atria , Loskarn Sandra , Reis André , Winner Beate , Lie Dieter Chichung
Published: April 2019

The SOXC transcription factors Sox4, Sox11 and Sox12, are critical neurodevelopmental regulators that are thought to function in a highly redundant fashion. Surprisingly, heterozygous missense mutations or deletions of SOX11 were recently detected in patients with Coffin–Siris syndrome-like syndrome (CSSLS), a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, demonstrating that in humans SOX11 haploinsufficiency cannot be compensated and raising the question of the function of SOX11 in human neurodevelopment. Here, we describe the generation of SOX11+/− heterozygous human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering. SOX11 haploinsufficiency impaired the generation of neurons and resulted in a proliferation/differentiation imbalance of neural precursor cells and enhanced neuronal cell death. Using the SOX11+/− hESC model we provide for the first time experimental evidence that SOX11 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to impair key processes of human neurodevelopment, giving a first insight into the pathophysiology of CSSLS and SOX11 function in human neurodevelopment.
The q-Hahn PushTASEP
Authors: Corwin Ivan , Matveev Konstantin , Petrov Leonid
Published: April 2019

We introduce the $q$-Hahn PushTASEP—an integrable stochastic interacting particle system that is a three-parameter generalization of the PushTASEP, a well-known close relative of the TASEP (totally asymmetric simple exclusion process). The transition probabilities in the $q$-Hahn PushTASEP are expressed through the $_4\phi _3$ basic hypergeometric function. Under suitable limits, the $q$-Hahn PushTASEP degenerates to all known integrable (1+1)-dimensional stochastic systems with a pushing mechanism. One can thus view our new system as a pushing counterpart of the $q$-Hahn TASEP introduced by Povolotsky [37]. We establish Markov duality relations and contour integral formulas for the $q$-Hahn PushTASEP. In a $q\to 1$ limit of our process we arrive at a random recursion, which, in a special case, appears to be similar to the inverse-Beta polymer model. However, unlike in recursions for Beta polymer models, the weights (i.e., the coefficients of the recursion) in our model depend on the previous values of the partition function in a nontrivial manner.
Effect of Integrating the Entomopathogenic Fungus (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and the Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Suppressing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Populations Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Li Yinping , Cloyd Raymond A , Bello Nora M
Published: April 2019

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a destructive insect pest in greenhouse production systems. Therefore, integrating the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, with the soil-dwelling rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz), targeting different aboveground and belowground life stages may help effectively manage western flower thrips populations. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted evaluating five treatments: 1) insecticides (spinosad, pyridalyl, chlorfenapyr, and abamectin), 2) B. bassiana, 3) D. coriaria, 4) B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination, and 5) water control. The estimated mean number of western flower thrips adults captured on yellow sticky cards was significantly lower for the insecticide treatment (mean range: 0–46 western flower thrips adults per yellow sticky card) than the B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination (0.3–105.1 western flower thrips per yellow card) over 8 wk. There were no significant differences in the final foliar damage ratings of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam., plants among the five treatments in experiment 1, but there were significant differences in experiment 2. In experiment 2, chrysanthemum plants across all treatments were not marketable due to western flower thrips feeding damage. Therefore, using B. bassiana and D. coriaria early in production should suppress population growth by targeting both foliar-feeding and soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips simultaneously.
Phase I/II clinical trial of modulated electro-hyperthermia treatment in patients with relapsed, refractory or progressive heavily treated ovarian cancer
Authors: Yoo Heon Jong , Lim Myong Cheol , Seo Sang-Soo , Kang Sokbom , Joo Jungnam , Park Sang-Yoon
Published: April 2019

The hyperthermia treatment was feasible in patients with recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer without any complication and optimal dose of hyperthermia treatment was up to 150 W for 1 hour/day
Delineating caveats for (quality) education during displacement: Critiquing the impact of forced migration on access to education
Authors: Benhura Abigail Rudorwashe , Naidu Maheshvari
Published: April 2019

This qualitative article aims at unraveling the impact of displacement on the access to (quality) education. The article is premised on the inherent role played by education to equip displaced children with functional skills and act as a liberating force in the face of forced displacement. Using purposive homogeneous sampling from Hopley and Caledonia settlements for internally displaced people (Zimbabwe), the article attempts to evaluate effects of displacement on the quality of education or access thereof. The article uses inter-textuality as a method to complement empirical evidence with reviewed literature. The Capability Approach is applied to assess the implications of forced migration on the provision of (quality) education. In terms of the Capability Approach, quality education is measured through the actual achievements realised by any human being who has been exposed to it (education). Therefore, the Capability Approach posits that every human being has the inherent potential to be who they aspire to be when exposed to a conducive environment. In the context of this article, access to quality education is an enabling environment. The findings indicate that displacement is invariably detrimental to the provision of quality education. Moreover, this condition enhances the vulnerabilities of forced migrants as education is critical, instrumental, and of intrinsic value to the socio-economic development of its recipients. This being so, the impact of displacement on internally displaced persons’ access to quality education is a topical issue worthy of discussion so as to chart relevant solutions to the varying contexts of displacement.