bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Approach to Investigate the De‐/Lithiation Mechanism of Fe‐Doped SnO2 as Lithium‐Ion Anode Material
Authors: Asenbauer Jakob , Wirsching Anna‐Lena , Lang Marcel , Indris Sylvio , Eisenmann Tobias , Mullaliu Angelo , Birrozzi Adele , Hoefling Alexander , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Schuster Rolf , Bresser Dominic
Published: June 2022

Iron‐doped tin oxide (Sn0.9Fe0.1O2), and specifically carbon‐coated Sn0.9Fe0.1O2 (Sn0.9Fe0.1O2‐C) provides high reversible capacity and a reasonably low de‐/lithiation potential owing to the combined conversion and alloying mechanism. The initial (quasi‐)amorphization during the first lithiation, however, renders an in‐depth understanding of the reaction mechanism challenging. Herein, a comprehensive investigation via a set of highly complementary characterization techniques is reported, including operando X‐ray diffraction, ex situ 119Sn and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, ex situ 7Li NMR spectroscopy, operando isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) of Li‖Sn0.9Fe0.1O2‐C coin cells, and electrochemical microcalorimetry of single Sn0.9Fe0.1O2‐C electrodes. The combination of these advanced techniques allows for detailed insights into the lithiation and delithiation mechanism and the potential determining processes, despite the (quasi‐) amorphous nature of the active material after the initial lithiation.
Physical Exercise Prevented Stress‐Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation
Authors: Yan Lan , Wei Ji‐an , Yang Fengzhen , Wang Mei , Wang Siqi , Cheng Tong , Liu Xuanjun , Jia Yanbin , So Kwok‐Fai , Zhang Li
Published: June 2022

Physical exercise is effective in alleviating mental disorders by improving synaptic transmission; however, the link between body endurance training and neural adaptation has not yet been completely resolved. In this study, the authors investigated the role of RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), an emerging epigenetic mechanism, in improved resilience against chronic restraint stress. A combination of molecular, behavioral, and in vivo recording data demonstrates exercise‐mediated restoration of m6A in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex, whose activity is potentiated to exert anxiolytic effects. Furthermore, it is revealed that hepatic biosynthesis of one methyl donor is necessary for exercise to improve brain RNA m6A to counteract environmental stress. This novel liver‐brain axis provides an explanation for brain network changes upon exercise training and provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders.
Frailty and oral anticoagulant prescription in adults with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review
Authors: Bul Mary , Shaikh Fahad , McDonagh Julee , Ferguson Caleb
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of frailty in the context of atrial fibrillation (AF); to identify the most commonly used frailty instruments in AF; and to describe the effect of frailty on non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) prescription for stroke prevention in adults with AF.

Methods

A systematic search of databases, including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL, was conducted using search terms including “atrial fibrillation,” “frailty,” and “anticoagulation.” A narrative synthesis was undertaken.

Results

A total of 92 articles were screened, and 12 articles were included. The mean age of the participants (n = 212,111) was 82 years (range = 77–85 years) with 56% of participants identified as frail and 44% identified non‐frail. A total of five different frailty instruments were identified: the Frailty Phenotype (FP; n = 5, 42%), the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS; n = 4, 33%), Cumulative Deficit Model of Frailty (CDM; n = 1, 8%), Edmonton Frail Scale (n = 1, 8%) and the Resident Assessment Instrument – Minimum Data Set (RAI‐MDS 2.0; n = 1, 8%). Frailty was identified as an important barrier to anticoagulant therapy with 52% of the frail population anticoagulated vs 67% non‐frail.

Conclusion

Frailty is an important consideration in anticoagulation decision making for stroke prevention in patients with AF. There is scope to improve frailty screening and treatment. Frailty status is an important risk marker and should be considered when evaluating stroke risk alongside congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (CHA2DS2‐VASc) and Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding, Labile, Elderly, and Drugs (HAS‐BLED) scores.
Synthesis, structural elucidation, biological screening, and density functional theory calculations of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II) complexes of 20 Z‐N‐((Z)‐2‐(6‐nitrobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐ylimino)‐1,2‐diphenylethylidene)‐5‐nitrobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amine Schiff base ligand
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Sharma Shreya , Okolie Jude A. , Kumar Amit , Sharma Bhasha , Meena Mahendra Kumar , Bhagi Ajay Kumar , Sarkar Anjana
Published: June 2022

The emerging Schiff base‐derived metal complexes are the building blocks for biomedical applications. Herein, novel Schiff base N,N′‐[(1Z,2Z)‐1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diylidene]bis(6‐nitro‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐amine) and corresponding Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Co(II) metal complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized. The characterization of ligand and corresponding metal complexes was carried out by employing elemental analysis, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic spectra, electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and density functional theory (DFT) studies. DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory have been executed to examine the equilibrium geometry of the ligand and metal complexes. Furthermore, total energy, highest‐occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest‐unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and Mulliken atomic charges were reckoned. Tetrahedral geometry was observed in the case of the Ni(II) complex, and octahedral geometries were discerned for Cu(II), Mn(II), and Co(II), complexes. Docking studies were performed against the newly synthesized analogs with the active site of Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 3t88), Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 3q8u), Candida Albicans (PDB ID: 3qlw), and Aspergillus flavus (PDB ID: 4ynt) receptors to recognize the interactions between complexes and identify their probable binding sites. Synthesized analogs were examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity employing both minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion method against the aforementioned pathogens. The result for these pathogens suggested metal compounds evince higher activity in comparison to the free ligand.
Does going abroad lead to going green? Firm outward foreign direct investment and domestic environmental performance
Authors: Long Wenbin , Luo Le , Sun Hongfeng , Zhong Qiqi
Published: June 2022

This study examines whether and how outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) affects firms' domestic environmental performance. We use both the reverse knowledge transfer and resource crowding perspectives to predict the association. Using a sample of Chinese firms, we find that firms' environmental performance improves after the initiation of OFDI, which is consistent with the reverse knowledge transfer perspective. Furthermore, we find that when the host countries of OFDI are developed countries, have stricter environmental regulations, and are characterized by higher values for the long‐term orientation and masculinity dimensions of national culture, firms enjoy a further improvement in environmental performance. Our channel tests show that firms' domestic green patent applications and their investment in research and development increase after the initiation of OFDI.
Erste multiple Trennwandkolonne weltweit
Authors: Ränger Lena‐Marie , Grützner Thomas
Published: June 2022

Im November 2021 wurde an der Universität Ulm erfolgreich die weltweit erste multiple Trennwandkolonne in Betrieb genommen. Die Anlage kann zur Trennung von quaternären Mischungen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Destillationssequenzen bis zu 50 % Betriebs‐ und Investitionskosten einsparen. Somit haben sich nun vier Jahren der Planung in der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Grützner in Ulm und bei Iludest in Waldbüttelbrunn ausgezahlt.
Ein Sprung in die Zukunft
Authors: Haley Ian , Hermant Paul , Kuijpers Paul
Published: June 2022

Den Wandel in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie prägen Themen wie Industrie 4.0 und Produktivität durch Vernetzung. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Einführung von PAT (Process Analytical Technology) zu einem festen Bestandteil von Arbeitsmethoden und Prozessentwicklung geworden.
Ein langes Leben für Schmierstoffe
Authors: Laschka Holger
Published: June 2022

Die Gewinnung, Verarbeitung und Entsorgung von Schmierstoffen verursacht einen hohen CO2‐Ausstoß. SKF bringt mit Recond‐Oil ein neues Verfahren auf den Markt, mit dem sich gebrauchte Industrieöle vielfach rekonditionieren lassen. Die Pilotanlage in Schweinfurt geht jetzt in den Standardbetrieb und dient als Blaupause für eine EU‐geförderte Anlage am spanischen SKF‐Standort Tudela.
Guar resilience in water‐restricted production
Authors: Pabuayon Irish Lorraine Bicaldo , Singh Sukhbir , Ritchie Glen
Published: June 2022

Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] is an alternative crop in the Southern High Plains that thrives in semi‐arid regions, due to its low water input requirements. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at New Deal, TX, to evaluate the response of guar (‘Matador’) to four levels of deficit irrigation (DI; extreme, 51 mm; severe, 127 mm; moderate, 203 mm; and mild, 279 mm). Soil moisture extraction patterns, plant height, leaf area index, yield components, seed yield, harvest index (HI), agronomic water use efficiency (AWUE), and irrigation WUE (IWUE) were measured among the irrigation levels. In both years, guar grown under extreme and severe DI extracted a major portion of the water from the 50‐to‐100‐cm soil depth. Water deficit reduced plant height, leaf area index, and number of pods per plant in both years. However, the IWUE and 1,000‐seed weight increased with reduced irrigation. There were no significant differences in seed yield, HI, and AWUE among treatments as a result of a tradeoff between increased seed weight with low pod production under lower DI treatments and increased pod production with low seed weight under higher DI treatments. Guar extracted water deeper in the soil and produced adequate numbers of pods per plant in balance with the source organ capacity to allocate resources toward optimal seed development. Our research offers valuable information about root exploration and development of larger seeds as compensatory mechanisms that can be further explored to improve the adaptability of guar under water‐restricted production conditions.
Design of a quality of service‐aware fault‐proof secure Q‐learning‐based Internet of Things kernel patch with multipath and multichannel capabilities
Authors: Vijayrao Shankhpal Shilpa , Savadatti Hanumantha Brahmananda
Published: June 2022

In recent times, the expeditious growth of Internet of Things (IoT) offers applications to ease day‐to‐day activities with minimum human effort. Once the IoT application installed, the connected devices perform their tasks without human intervention. Hence, the need of performance optimization and security enhancement is vital to minimize end‐to‐end communication delay, improve kernel‐level security, mitigate faults adaptively, and have suitable backup options in case of node failure. This paper proposes a quality of service (QoS)‐aware fault‐proof secure Q‐learning‐based IoT (QIoT) kernel‐level protocol that integrates multipath aggregation and fuzzy authentication for security, with multichannel communication for improved QoS. Especially, this protocol integrates a source‐level clustering mechanism based on Q‐learning that aims at reducing route search delay. In order to provide fault tolerance, the kernel is equipped with real‐time fault‐tolerance mechanism that is activated in case of node‐level faults. Due to integration of Q‐learning, computational overheads are reduced by over 15% when compared with Zephyr, AliOS, and RTX kernels. This reduction in computational overheads facilitates light‐weight behavior of the kernel, due to which other QoS parameters like energy consumption, throughput, and routing overhead are reduced. The proposed QIoT kernel‐level protocol is compared with standard kernel modules, and performance evaluation showcases an improvement in authentication security by 8%, end‐to‐end delay by 5%, energy efficiency by 25%, and fault mitigation by 18%, thereby assisting the use of the proposed kernel for real‐time deployments.
Self‐adjusting steepness based remapping: A preliminary study
Authors: He Zhiwei , Li Li , Tian Baolin
Published: June 2022

Nonlinear limiters are used to obtain the non‐oscillation property in the process of remapping physical quantities (mapping the physical quantities from the old grid to the new grid), which is an important step in the single/multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method. However, this operation introduces large numerical dissipation, causing severely smeared physical discontinuities and distortion of the physical quantities. Therefore, the design of an effective limiter that has less numerical dissipation and preserves the sharpness of discontinuous solutions is an area of interest. In this article, we apply the steepness‐adjustable harmonic (SAH) limiter (containing a steepness parameter) to the overlay‐intersection‐based remapping trying to obtain this goal. First, we analyze the construction process of the Barth–Jespersen (BJ) limiter and find a general methodology to modify it with different functions with symmetry property in the existing total‐variation‐diminishing limiters. Second, we investigate the possibility of other functions that do not possess the symmetry property and find an approximate technique to utilize the SAH limiter (which also does not possess the symmetry property) in the general methodology. Third, we propose a multidimensional method to adaptively calculate the steepness parameter of a whole mesh cell. With these steps, we propose a self‐adjusting steepness‐based limiter, which is further applied to the over‐intersection‐based remapping framework. The limiter is then verified by several remapping tests. The numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in the resolution of discontinuities and the preservation of nominal second‐order accuracy for smooth structures. However, the bound‐preserving property is inevitably broken owing to the asymmetry of the SAH limiter, and additional techniques should be used to enforce the bounds of the algorithm.
Heat and mass transfer on unsteady MHD flow of Casson fluid over an infinite perpendicular absorbent plate with slip effects
Authors: Ameer Ahammad N. , Veera Krishna M. , Algehyne Ebrahem A.
Published: June 2022

We study the radiative magnetohydrodynamic flow of an incompressible viscous electrically performing non‐Newtonian Casson fluid past an exponentially accelerated perpendicular surface under the influence of slip velocity in the revolving frame. A steady homogeneous magnetic strength is applied under the assumption of a less magnetic Reynolds number. The ramped temperature and time‐altering concentration near the plate are taken into consideration. Primary order consistent chemically reacting and thermal absorptions are also considered. Laplace transformation technique is engaged in the nondimensional leading equations for the closed‐form solutions. Supporting these results, the phases for nondimensional shear stresses, rate of heat as well as mass transport are also found. The graphical profiles are represented to examine the impacts of physical parameters on the important physical flow features. The computational quantities of the shears stress, rates of heat as well as mass transportation near the surface are tabulated with a variety of implanted parameters. It is observed that the resultant velocity is growing by an increase in heat and solutal buoyancy forces, while revolution, as well as slip parameters, has reverse outcomes on this. The resulting velocity is falling by an increase in the Hartmann number while the permeability parameters have overturned the impacts on this. Species concentration of Casson fluid is reduced by an increase in Schmidt quantity as well as a chemically reacting parameter.
Impacts of frozen layer and rock fragment on sediment transport capacity on frozen‐stony slopes
Authors: Ban Yunyun , Lei Tingwu
Published: June 2022

Cold areas commonly experienced freeze–thaw cycles and covered with rock fragment. Exploring sediment transport capacity of frozen‐stony soil scoured by concentrated meltwater flow is meaningful for soil erosion prediction and modelling in cold regions. This laboratory experiment is conducted to evaluate the contribution of frozen layer and rock fragment to soil erosion, which involves three slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°, three flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 L min−1, four thawed soil depths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm, and four rock fragment contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 50% on mass basis with rill length of 12 m. Sediment concentration was determined by the soil in runoff at the outlet. An equation is proposed to estimate sediment transport capacity affected by thawed soil depth and rock fragment content by combining exponential and quadratic functions. Model‐fitting results show that sediment transport capacity is negatively correlated with thawed soil depth and exhibits quadratic relationship with rock fragment which peaks at 20% and significantly decreases at rock fragment of 50% on partially thawed slope. Rock fragment takes the leading role of soil erosion on frozen‐stony slope instead of thawed soil depth. Results also indicate that embedded rock fragment on totally thawed soil presents more apparently positive impact at low content, but offers more protection at high content on partially frozen layer. This research reveals the soil erosion mechanisms on frozen‐stony slope and gives guidance for soil conservation in similar hydrologic conditions and soil type.
Environmental flow mechanism and management for river–lake‐marsh systems
Authors: Yin Xinan , Hu Peng , Zhou Jianguo
Published: June 2022

Sustaining environmental flows (e‐flows) is a basic requirement for river, lake and marsh management. Rivers, lakes and marshes have close hydrological and ecological connections in a river basin, and form river–lake‐marsh systems. Any measure that is designed to address problems related to only one of these water bodies in isolation of the others may lead to unexpected, undesired and sub‐optimal consequences for one or all of the water bodies. Papers were selected for this special issue ‘Environmental Flow Mechanism and Management for River‐Lake‐Marsh Systems’ to illustrate recent advances in revealing new mechanisms connecting hydrological and environmental/ecological processes, developing new methods for e‐flow calculation, and establishing new measures for e‐flow management.
Social referencing training in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Sivaraman Maithri , Virues‐Ortega Javier , Maes‐Dhaeyere Lieselot , Saelaert Emaël , Roeyers Herbert
Published: June 2022

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to exhibit fewer instances of social referencing compared to their typically developing peers. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of multiple‐exemplar training, prompting, and social reinforcement to teach social referencing. We used a single‐blind randomized control trial with a multiple‐baseline design nested within the experimental group to evaluate treatment effects. Twenty‐five children with ASD participated. Participants in the treatment group showed significantly higher social referencing scores. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the posttraining initiating and responding to joint attention scores. The clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
Quantification of quetiapine fumarate based on electrochemical analysis by reduced graphene oxide modified nano‐silica functionalized with polydopamine and gold nanostars: A novel pharmaceutical analysis strategy
Authors: Ghaseminasab Kambiz , Aletaha Nastaran , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Liu Yuqian , Seidi Farzad
Published: June 2022

Quetiapine fumarate (QF) is an antipsychotic drug that has been most widely prescribed as an antipsychotic. In this regard, sensitive recognition of QF in bodily fluids must be done accurately. In this work, an electrochemical sensor for QF detection was fabricated, using GNSs‐PDA@SiO2 modified rGO stabilized on glassy carbon electrode. According to the electrical nature of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), polydopamine (PDA), and its composition with nano‐silica, the proposed hybrid material is able to enhance the electro‐oxidation signals of QF toward its sensitive detection in complex biological media. The morphology of synthesized polymeric nanocomposites and various surfaces of electrodes were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy methods. Using the square wave voltammetry technique, the fabricated electrochemical sensor could detect QF in the linear range of 500 μM to 3 mM, which low limit of quantification was obtained as 500 μM, indicating the sensor's appropriate sensitivity. For the first time, the application of novel hybrid material (GNSs‐PDA@SiO2) for pharmaceutical analysis in human plasma was studied using electrochemical sensor technology. Based on the obtained analytical results, engineered nano‐surface led to entrapment and oxidation of QF in real samples. So, a novel and efficient method for the analysis of QF was designed and validated, which opens a new horizon for pharmaceutical analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring.
Nevertheless, she persisted: Feminist women overcoming career adversity through communities of support
Authors: Diekmann Kerry
Published: June 2022

Through an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis design, this study explored career experiences of eight self‐identified feminist women. This study contributes to existing literature through focusing on the intersection of feminist identity and career development. The findings indicated that having a community of support, particularly from other women, is influential in career progression. All participants noted adversity, however, they recognized when situations were either sexist or unfair and did not appear to internalize these experiences. Implications include making space to discuss the impact of social identities on life decisions, prioritizing inclusive environments that mitigate adversity, and fostering communities of support.
Effects of selenium application concentration, period and method on the selenium content and grain yield of Tartary buckwheat of different varieties
Authors: Liu Panfeng , Song Lifang , Hao Shuangnan , Qin Jie , Yang Chenbo , Yang Wude , Feng Meichen , Zhang Meijun , Wang Chao , Song Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

As a potential selenium‐enriched crop, it is of great significance to study the selenium application of Tartary buckwheat. Therefore, to study the effects of selenium application concentration, variety, selenium application period and method on the grain selenium content and yield of Tartary buckwheat, an orthogonal experimental design was used to carry out field experiments in the Jinzhong and Northwest Shanxi ecological regions at the same time. Heifeng 1 and Jinqiao 2 were applied at the branching stage and flowering stage in the Jinzhong, and Heifeng 1 and Jinqiao 6 were applied at the early flowering stage and peak flowering stage in the Northwest Shanxi with different concentrations of sodium selenite (0, 1.37, 2.74, 5.48, 8.22, 12.33, 18.495, 27.7425 g hm−2) by foliar spraying and soil application.

RESULTS

The results showed that the selenium content in Tartary buckwheat grains was positively correlated with the selenium application concentration and increased with increasing selenium application concentration, while the yield of Tartary buckwheat first increased and then decreased with the selenium application concentration. The grain selenium content and yield of Tartary buckwheat were affected by the selenium application concentration, variety and application method.

CONCLUSION

The most effective selenium biofortification program was spraying 2.32 g hm−2 sodium selenite on the leaves of Heifeng 1 at the early flowering stage in the Jinzhong. In the Northwest Shanxi, spraying 11.01 g hm−2 sodium selenite on the leaves of Jinqiao 6 at the flowering stage was the most effective selenium biofortification program. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bean rust resistance in the Guatemalan climbing bean germplasm collection
Authors: Montejo Domínguez Luz de María A. , McClean Phillip E. , Steadman James , McCoy Serena , Markell Samuel , Osorno Juan M.
Published: June 2022

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the main source of protein, fiber, and iron for Guatemala's poorest households. Bean rust (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers) Unger) can reduce seed yield up to 100%. There is limited information about U. appendiculatus virulence diversity in Guatemala, especially in the mid‐altitude highlands. To address this limitation, in 2015, 23 U. appendiculatus samples were collected in the Western Guatemalan Highlands and characterized as races 63‐1 and 31‐1 using the rust differential set. These two races, along with the newer race 20‐3 found in North Dakota, were used to evaluate the reaction in 372 climbing bean accessions from Guatemala. Most of the accessions were resistant: 82% to race 63‐1, 86% to race 31‐1, and 90% to race 20‐3. Based on a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using 78,754 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), regions on Pv02 (38.13–38.22 Mb) and Pv04 (379 kb) were associated with resistance to race 20‐3; on Pv10 (10.71–10.68 and 11.09 Mb) and Pv04 (1.42 Mb) to race 63‐1; and on Pv04 (39.28 Mb) along with Pv02 (35.92 Mb) to race 31‐1. The regions on Pv04: 379 kb, 1.42 Mb and 39.28 Mb felt close to the genetic block B‐190, containing Ur‐5 and Ur‐14. Moreover, previously unreported genetic factors for bean rust resistance located on Pv02 (38.13–38.22 Mb), Pv10 (10.71–10.68 Mb), and Pv02 (35.92 Mb) were observed in this population and may prove useful for bean improvement. Using these bean rust‐resistant Guatemalan accessions as parents in a crop improvement program will help to maintain seed yield where the bean rust pathogen is present.
Extended best polynomial approximation operator in Orlicz–Lorentz spaces
Authors: Ferreyra David Eduardo , Gareis María Inés , Levis Fabián Eduardo
Published: June 2022

In this article, we consider the best polynomial approximation operator defined on an Orlicz–Lorentz space generated by an Orlicz function ϕ and a non‐negative continuous weight function w. Then we extend the best polynomial approximation operator from to , where is the derivative function of ϕ. In addition, we establish some properties of the extended best polynomial approximation operator.
Design and fabrication of a miniaturized Gysel power divider using improved T‐shaped resonator
Authors: Pahlavani Mahmoud A. , Moradkhani Masoud , Sayadi Ramin
Published: June 2022

A high‐performance Gysel power divider showcasing high suppression factor and low insertion loss at 540 MHz has been designed, investigated, and fabricated in this paper. The proposed Gysel power divider is made up of replacing six identical resonators with conventional transmission lines. The proposed resonators, which have been analyzed using LC equivalent circuit analysis, are designed to have a small size, low insertion loss, wide stopband, and narrow transition band. The final tested results have indicated that the suggested power divider is able to suppress nine harmonics; moreover, it has only an insertion loss of 0.4 dB. Another positive feature of the power divider is its small size in comparison with a conventional power divider at this operating frequency, where it occupies 34.5 × 63.8 mm2equaling to 0.188 × 0.102 , where is the wavelength guide at 540 MHz. This figure is 25% of a conventional Gysel, considered as a remarkable point.
Near‐surface three‐dimensional multicomponent source and receiver S‐wave survey in the Tannwald Basin, Germany: Acquisition and data processing
Authors: Burschil Thomas , Buness Hermann , Schmelzbach Cedric
Published: June 2022

Shallow 3‐D reflection seismic surveys using S‐waves have rarely been carried out, even though S‐waves can provide higher resolution subsurface images than P‐waves. We conducted a 3‐D near‐surface multicomponent source and receiver survey in Quaternary sediments. We employed a small electrodynamic seismic source with a horizontal shaking unit operated in two orientations. Three‐component geophones in an orthogonal layout covering an area of 117×99 m2 were used for recording. Changes in weather and ground conditions, including freezing and thawing during acquisition, directly influenced the data quality and resulted in discernible relative time shifts in the data. Our seismic processing flow included a four‐component rotation of the data from the Cartesian acquisition geometry into the ‘natural’ coordinate frame to orient sources and receivers in radial or transverse orientation to separate different S‐wave polarizations. The rotation increased the signal strength and helped, for example, to improve the quality of the images of the basin base. The irregular offset distribution in the common midpoint gathers impedes filtering to suppress surface waves in the f–k domain. We, therefore, applied a common‐reflection surface processing flow. After regularization, we could better remove the energy of the surface waves. Both stacked 3‐D S‐wave volumes of vertical and horizontal polarizations provide images of the Quaternary overdeepened Tannwald Basin that was partly known from previous P‐ and S‐wave 2‐D surveys. Compared to a P‐wave profile adjacent to the volume, however, the S‐wave volumes provide higher resolution images of the basin base and internal structure. The basin base is well mapped in three dimensions and shows undulations that were not obvious from the P‐wave data. Comparing the S‐wave volumes of different polarizations, we find only minor differences in the stacks and interpretations.
Editor's Note
Authors: Mick Connie Snyder
Published: June 2022

本篇编者按简要总结了本期收录的文章并邀请读者予以响应和提交文稿。
Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside attenuated homocysteine‐upregulated endothelin receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells via the ERK1/2/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Jia Min , Su Xingli , Qin Qiaohong , Li Yajuan , Wang Siwang , Chen Yulong
Published: June 2022

2,3,5,4’‐Tetrahydrostilbene‐2‐o‐β‐d‐glucoside (TSG) is the main active component of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. It has effects on hypertension. However, the mechanism is unclear. Current research is devoted to exploring the mechanism of TSG improving HHcy‐induced hypertension. The mice received a subcutaneous injection of Hcy in the presence or absence of TSG for 4 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using a noninvasive tail‐cuff plethysmography method. Levels of plasma Hcy and endothelin‐1 were measured using ELISA. Rat SMA without endothelium was cultured in a serum‐free medium in the presence or absence of TSG with or without Hcy. The contractile response to sarafotoxin 6c or endothein‐1 was studied using a sensitive myography. The levels of protein were detected using Western blotting. The results showed that TSG lowered HHcy‐elevated BP and decreased levels of plasma Hcy and endothelin‐1 in mice. Furthermore, the results showed that TSG inhibited Hcy‐upregulated ET receptor expression and ET receptor‐mediated contractile responses as well as the levels of p‐ERK1/2 and p‐p65 in SMA. In vivo results further validate the in vitro results. In conclusion, TSG can decrease the levels of plasma Hcy and ET‐1 and downregulate Hcy‐upregulated ET receptors in VSMCs by inhibiting the ERK1/2/NF‐κB/ETB2 pathway to lower the BP.
DFT study of structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of new PdTiZ (Z = Ge and Pb) half Heusler compounds
Authors: Kalita Dipangkar , Limbu Nihal , Ram Mahesh , Saxena Atul
Published: June 2022

A first principle investigation of structural, mechanical, thermodynamical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of PdTiZ (Z = Ge and Pb) were carried out using the plane‐wave pseudopotential (PP‐PW) method. The exchange‐correlation between the electrons was considered with the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof (PBE‐GGA). The energy band structure of the sample materials shows that it is a semiconductor with indirect energy band gaps of 0.66 eV and 0.387 eV in PdTiGe and PdTiPb, respectively, with the density of states being mainly dominated by the p states of Z and d states of Ti atom in the vicinity of the Fermi energy level. The sample compounds were found to be mechanically and dynamically stable in their non‐magnetic cubic phase. PdTiGe was found to be harder and stiffer than PdTiPb. The thermodynamic study revealed that pressure has a negative effect on heat capacity, whereas Debye temperature increases with enhanced pressure in both the sample compounds. The thermoelectric properties of the sample compounds predicted that p‐type nature of the sample compounds possess better thermoelectric performance. The room temperature Seebeck coefficient (S) values were found to be 98.73 μV/K and 94.82 μV/K for PdTiGe and PdTiPb, respectively, whereas S values of 245.73 μV/K and 218.77 μV/K at 1200 K at n = 1021 cm−3. The lowest values of lattice thermal conductivity () of 2.28 W/m‐K and .98 W/m‐K were observed for PdTiGe and PdTiPb, respectively. The optimum dimensionless figure of merits of .66 (1200 K) and .64 (1000 K) were found for p‐type PdTiGe and PdTiPb, respectively, at optimum carrier concentration.
Copper‐Promoted Direct Decarboxylative C3‐Acylation of Electron‐Rich Indolizines Using α‐Keto Acids
Authors: Liu Hao , Ren Shaohong , Ma Chuanjun , Shi Guowei , Li Yongchao , Duan Guiyun , Ge Yanqing
Published: June 2022

C‐3 substituted indolizines are important biological heterocycles and luminescent molecules. The development of new methods for direct arylation of indolizines is highly desired. Herein, the C3‐acylation of electron‐rich indolizines with α‐keto acids through Cu‐promoted decarboxylation was descried. Under this simple reaction conditions, a variety of indolizine derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The structure of product 3 a was confirmed in an X‐ray crystal analysis. In addition, the mechanism was also proposed.
Influences of Hydration‐Dehydration on Local Structure in Layered Perovskite LaSr3Fe3O10
Authors: Yagi Yutaro , Wakita Yudai , Kagomiya Isao , Matsue Ikuya , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Matsumura Daiju , Yoneda Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

The layered perovskite LaSr3Fe3O10 (LSF) easily hydrates under ambient air. The hydrated LSF transports hydroxides in the middle‐temperature range of 100 °C–250 °C. This study used X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis on normal and hydrated LSF from room temperature to 350 °C to evaluate the relationship between local structures and ion transport characteristics. The H2O molecules are mainly intercalated into rock‐salt interlayers, which are close to the La1 and O3 sites. The generated OH− ions are found at O3 sites, which are closer to Sr ions than La ions. The intercalated H2O molecules and formed OH− ions expand the spaces of the rock‐salt interlayers. The temperature dependence of the local crystal structure was also studied in this study. According to the findings, the presence of OH− ions on the O3 sites, which are closer to Sr ions, plays a significant role in OH− transport in the medium temperature range.
Efficient Preparation of C6 Carbohydrate into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural with a Combination of Monoclinic FePO4 and Carbon‐Based Solid Acid Catalyst Prepared from Papermaking Sludge
Authors: Xing Liyan , Liu Rundong , Jing Fanchen , Xu Ming , He Jing
Published: June 2022

A bifunctional and high‐efficiency solid acid catalyst(S‐SBC) was prepared from papermaking sludge by calcining and sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. The monoclinic FePO4 was added to assist S‐SBC to improve HMF yield. The structure characterization of S‐SBC and its catalytic performance for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) preparation from fructose, glucose and cellulose were investigated. Metal ions and −SO3H in the S‐SBC had synergistic effects on the HMF yield. The HMF yield from fructose, glucose and cellulose were respectively 90.3 %, 73.7 % and 28.8 % with S‐SBC alone. The combination of monoclinic FePO4 and S‐SBC could effectively improve the yield of HMF from glucose and cellulose. The highest yield of HMF from glucose and cellulose were respectively 89.5 % and 53.3 % with the binary catalysts. The mechanism of the synergistic action of the binary catalysts was proposed. Bronsted acid from metal ions hydrolysis and ‐SO3H, ‐COOH, ‐OH grafted on the surface of biochar promoted hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, which was then coordinated with Lewis acids and isomerized to fructose. Finally, HMF was obtained by dehydrating from fructose.
Triphenyl Arsenic(V) Mixed Ligand Derivatives along with Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Studies.
Authors: Beniwal Savita , Sangwan Reena , Rai Jaya , Sharma Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Triphenylarsenic(V) mixed ligand derivatives; [(R1)(R2)C=NO]2[Ph]3As[S2CN(CH2CH2)2O] (1 A‐1F) were synthesized [Where R1=−C6H5, R2=−CH3(1 A); R1=−C6H4CH3, R2=−CH3(1 B); R1=−C6H4Cl, R2=−CH3(1 C); R1=−C6H4Br, R2=−CH3(1 D); R1=−C6H4OH, R2=−H(1 E); R1(R2)C=C−CH2−(CH2)3−CH2(1 F)] by consecutive substitution of Ph3AsBr2with sodium salt of substituted oximes and morpholinedithiocarbamate in equimolar proportion. Distorted octahedral geometry was proposed around the arsenic atom, for these derivatives. Nano ranged particle size ∼35 nm with crystalline nature was obtained by powder XRD study for these derivatives. The derivatives were examined for bacteria and fungi which exhibited higher antifungal capability than antibacterial. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities were performed through MTT test in 3T3fibroblast cell lines and by FRAP assay, respectively for these derivatives. Amongst six triphenylarsenic(V) mixed ligand derivatives,1 A,1 Band1 Cwere observed non‐noxious (cell viability >50 % even at 500 μg/mL) in nature and1 D,1 Eand1 Fwere poisonous to 3T3fibroblast cell lines. Structural‐Activity relationship for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity amongst six derivatives1 A–1 Fwas explored.
Environmental Solid Waste‐derived Carbon for Advanced Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: A Review
Authors: Walle Maru Dessie
Published: June 2022

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are lighter and cheaper than today's electrochemical energy storage devices for the forthcoming generations. Particularly the low price and abundance of sulfur as the cathode material, high energy density, and theoretical capacity are delightful characteristics. However, Li−S batteries have many hindrances to attain their commercial applications. Among the challenges are the polysulfide shuttle effect, the insulating property of sulfur, and large volume expansion during charging‐discharging processes. Researchers have carried out comprehensive research on the potential solutions to these challenges. Environmental waste‐derived carbon has an increasingly important role in the energy storage devices (Li−S batteries) due to their sustainable development, low cost, heteroatom doping, large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, easily available sources, and high electric conductivity, which had a significant effect to enhance electrochemical performance. This review highlighted the research progress on carbon derived from environmental solid wastes for the application of Li−S batteries. Furthermore, the preparation, morphology, and design protocols of carbon derived from solid wastes are elaborated for energy storage devices focused on Li−S batteries. These properties inspire researchers in the rational design of environmental waste‐derived carbon materials for sustainable and advanced electrochemical energy storage devices.
Design and Synthesis of Benzoxepine–Based 1,2,3‐Triazoles: Molecular Docking and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
Authors: Gandham Siva Kumar , Kudale Amit A. , Rao Allaka Tejeswara , Jha Anjali
Published: June 2022

Here, we report a novel series of dihydrobenzoxepin linked to 1,2,3‐triazole scaffolds (5 a‐k) along with their pharmacological activity against different Gram–(+ve), Gram–(–ve) and fungal strains. Structures of all the compounds were ascertained by using different spectral techniques like Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H & 13C), Infrared (IR), Mass spectrometric and elemental analysis. The biological studies revealed that piperazinyl‐4‐nitrophenyl (5 c), morpholinyl‐4‐chlorophenyl (5 d), dimethyl amino‐4‐chlorophenyl (5 h), morpholinyl‐4‐nitrophenyl (5 j), and piperazinyl‐4‐nitrophenyl (5 k) substituted benzoxepine–1,2,3‐triazole acetamides were the most promising compounds in both antibacterial and antifungal analysis with zone of inhibition ranging from 33–30 mm, 32–28 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations 1.2, 0.85, 2.1, 2.9, 38.4 μg/mL, 1.8, 1.3, 1.5, 6.7, 2.8 μg/mL respectively. The docking scores of our few selective synthesized ligands 4‐nitrophenyl acetamide (5 c), 4‐chlorophenyl acetamide (5 d), morpholinyl‐4‐hydroxy phenyl (5 e), piperazinyl‐4‐methylphenyl (5 f), and morpholinyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl (5 i) varied from −8.63 Kcal/mol to −7.12 Kcal/mol and 4‐nitrophenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole (5 c) exhibited highest hydrogen bonding amino acid interactions Tyr248 (3.31 Å), Arg171 (3.06 Å), Arg265 (3.04, 2.76 Å), Lys273 (2.79 Å), Ser21 (2.71 Å) within the active site of S. aureus protein (2ZCS). Further investigation of title compounds was subjected to Molinspiration, Molsoft property explorer for oral bioavailability to analyze their pharmacokinetic properties and dimethylamino‐4‐chlorophenyl (5 h), morpholinyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl (5 i) were found to be highest drug–likeness scores 1.40, 1.32 respectively.
Discovery of APOBEC Cytidine Deaminases Inhibitors Using a BspH1 Restriction Enzyme‐Based Biosensor
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Han , Guo Xiao‐Chun , Zhong Jia‐Ben , Zhong Dong‐Xiao , Huang Xuan‐He , Fang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Chi , Lu Yu‐Jing
Published: June 2022

Apolipoprotein B mRNA‐editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like (APOBEC) DNA cytidine deaminases convert cytosine to uracil in pathogen‐related single‐stranded DNAs. Aberrant activation of APOBEC enzymes in tumour cells leads to hypermutations that drive heterogeneity and clonal evolution, which results in tumour progression and treatment adaptation. APOBEC3 family member APOBEC3B (A3B) is a promising drug target to combat drug resistance, but the discovery of potent lead compounds remained challenging. Here, we devised a BspH1 restriction enzyme‐based biosensor to measure APOBEC deaminase activity, with superior simplicity and without the need of counter assays. Using this method, we performed a proof‐of‐concept screening using series of flavonoids and dihydrochalcones, from which bona fide inhibitors of recombinant A3B were identified and further validated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Our results demonstrate the capability of the BspH1‐based biosensor as a method for HTS, and prospects of developing potent A3B inhibitors using flavonoid and dihydrochalcone backbones.
Defect Passivation of Efficient Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells with Ultrathin, Insulating Polymers
Authors: Qi Yiming , Li Yanyan , Lin Qianqian
Published: June 2022

Interfacial passivation is an effective strategy to suppress recombination and improve the stability of efficient solar cells. Here, Sb2(S,Se)3, a promising candidate for next‐generation, solution‐processed photovoltaics, is carefully studied focusing on the defect state distribution and recombination mechanism. Ultrathin polymer layers were introduced to the n‐i‐p Sb2(S,Se)3 thin‐film solar cells. The insulating polymers can effectively fill the grain boundaries and pinholes, which physically restrain the leakage channels in the film and reduce the surface roughness. By adding this passivation layer, the device exhibits fewer interface states while spatially separating electron holes localized at the interface. The average fill factor of these optimized devices presents an 8% improvement, compared with the control devices. The maximum efficiency reaches a state‐of‐the‐art efficiency of 8.9%. These results again prove the concept of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor, and revealed the mechanism of polymer passivation enhanced photovoltaic performance.
Discordance between equation and table measurements for thickness of interventricular septum using cardio‐STIC‐M‐mode
Authors: DeVore G. R.
Published: June 2022

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Luewan et al. Click here to view the article.
Buridan Wycliffised? The Nature of the Intellect in Late Medieval Prague University Disputations
Authors: Lička Lukáš
Published: June 2022

The paper delves into manuscript sources connected with various disputations held at Prague University from around 1390 to 1420 and singles out a set of hitherto unknownquaestionesdealing with the nature of the human intellect and its relation to the body. Prague disputations from around 1400 arguably offer a unique vantage point on late medieval anthropological issues, since they encompass an entanglement of numerous doctrinal influences from BuridanianDe animacommentaries to John Wyclif’s theories. The paper delineates several conceptual tensions regarding the nature of the intellect, e.g., between materialism (entailed by the emphasis on the intellect’s inherence in the body) and personal immortality. It presents several strategies Prague masters employed to overcome these tensions. For example, an anonymous participant of the 1409quodlibetdevelops the Buridanian distinction between the rationally demonstrable materialist tendency and the indemonstrable “catholic truth” about the intellect both inhering in and separable from the body. On the other hand, Wyclif’s adherents (Jacob of Mies and another anonymous master) postulate an immortal spirit hypostatically united to each human being beside the human soul educed from the potency of the matter. Yet, the boundaries between the doctrinal standpoints in question seem permeable, whereby a rigid definition of antagonistic groups in late medieval Prague intellectual milieu (e.g., Buridanians vs Wycliffites) is rendered ineffective.
Electromagnetic radiation from axion condensates in a time dependent magnetic field
Authors: Sen Srimoyee , Sivertsen Lars
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Time dependent magnetic fields can be sourced by spinning neutron stars, orbiting binaries and merging neutron stars. We consider electromagnetic radiation from axion condensates in the background of an alternating magnetic field. We find that a resonant peak in radiation can occur when the frequency of the alternating magnetic field is comparable with the axion mass scale. More interestingly, in situations where the frequency of the alternating magnetic field itself changes with time, as can be the case in binary mergers due to a steady increase in orbital frequency, the resonant peak in radiation may occur for a range of axion mass scales scanned by the time-varying magnetic field frequency.