bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring innovative strategies for precipitation extent enhancement in a downscaled Bayer process tank
Authors: Bakhtom Abbas , Ghasemzade Bariki Saeed , Movahedirad Salman
Published: July 2024

The Bayer process is a cornerstone of alumina production, and its precipitation stage holds the key to both efficiency and product quality. In this study, we embarked on a comprehensive exploration of strategies to enhance the precipitation extent of aluminium hydroxide, a pivotal step in the Bayer process. Utilizing a newly constructed reactor, along with experiments using reactors in series, we rigorously experimented with various factors, including the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an enhancer, seed activation methods, the integration of a hydrocyclone within the processing unit, the application of a magnetic field, and the injection of supersaturated liquor midway through the process. These diverse strategies were systematically assessed to decipher their individual and synergistic effects on precipitation extent. Our research aims to uncover the optimal conditions for maximizing alumina precipitation while maintaining product quality and seed particle stability. By offering new insights and practical solutions, this study contributes to the ongoing advancement of alumina production within the Bayer process.
Coherent Addressing of Single Molecular Electron Spin Qubits
Authors: Du Xiya , Zhou Aimei , Sun Lei
Published: July 2024

With rational designability, versatile tunability, and quantum coherence, molecular electron spin qubits could offer new opportunities for quantum information science, enabling simplified implementation of quantum algorithms and chemical‐specific quantum sensing. The development of these transformative technologies relies on coherent addressing of single molecular electron spin qubits with high initialization, manipulation, and readout fidelities. This is unfeasible to conventional electron spin resonance spectroscopy, which is widely used for coherent addressing of ensemble electron spins, due to its low initialization efficiency and readout sensitivity. Taking advantage of single spin detectability of single‐molecule spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and quantum metrology, several strategies have been developed to empower electron spin resonance spectroscopy with single qubit addressability. In this Emerging Topic, we introduce principles and technical implementation of strategies for coherent addressing of single molecular electron spin qubits, discuss their potential applicability in quantum technologies, and point out their challenges in terms of scalability, molecular design, and/or decoherence suppression. We discuss future directions to overcome these challenges and to improve single qubit addressing technologies, which will facilitate the advancement of molecular quantum information science.
Efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with unresectable clear cell sarcoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma (OSCAR Trial/NCCH1510)
Authors: Nishikawa Tadaaki , Kakunaga Shigeki , Tamura Kenji , Ando Masashi , Ozaki Toshifumi , Kawai Akira , Ueda Takafumi , Kawasaki Mamiko , Tomatsuri Sawako , Okamura Nobuko , Kamikura Masahisa , Hamada Akinobu , Yoshida Akihiko , Hirakawa Akihiro , Shibata Taro , Nakamura Kenichi , Yonemori Kan
Published: July 2024

Background

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) and alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are rare, and standard systemic therapy is not established except for sunitinib in ASPS. It is known that CCS and ASPS have a common biological feature of melanoma and Xp11.2/TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma, and immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in these tumors. The authors conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for CCS and ASPS.

Methods

The number of patients expected to be enrolled was 15–25 and was determined based on the Bayesian design. The primary end point was the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) according to the central review and the secondary end points included ORR, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results

A total of 26 patients (CCS, 12; ASPS, 14) were enrolled. Efficacy and safety were analyzed on 25 and 26 patients, respectively. The minimum number of responses required for a positive conclusion regarding the efficacy was four. However, only one patient (4.0%) with ASPS had a partial response. Complete response, stable disease, progression disease, and not evaluable were 0%, 60%, 32%, and 4.0%, respectively. Adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 57.7% (15 of 26). The median PFS was 4.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7–8.6 months) and the median OS was 15.8 months (95% CI, 8.2–not reached).

Conclusions

The primary end point of the ORR was not met for CCS and ASPS on the central review. Further studies are needed to evaluate ICIs in patients with ASPS.
Insights into Mechanisms of Reverse Water Gas Shift Activity Enhancement over Reverse Microemulsion‐Synthesized CuCeO2
Authors: Kandasamy Kishore , Yu Yue , Waqas Iqbal Muhammad , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis , Yu Aiping , Simakov David S. A.
Published: July 2024

Copper‐doped ceria (CuCeO2) catalysts with 0–26.5 Cu/(Cu+Ce) at% were synthesized via the reverse microemulsion method. X‐ray diffraction analysis of freshly synthesized and spent (post‐reaction) catalysts showed no separate phase of copper or copper oxide, indicating that Cu was incorporated into the CeO2 lattice, replacing Ce. Temperature programmed desorption experiments showed that the activation energy of CO2 desorption increased for higher Cu loadings, indicating stronger CO2 adsorption. This phenomenon was attributed to enhanced formation of oxygen vacancies due to Cu doping. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirmed the enhanced generation of oxygen vacancies due to Cu incorporation. Catalytic performance evaluation with the H2/CO2 feed in the 300–600 °C range showed that all catalysts were 100 % selective to CO generation, with higher Cu loadings resulting in CO2 conversion close to equilibrium values at 500–600 °C. The activation energy of the reaction, determined through reaction tests, exhibited inverse relationship with the activation energy of CO2 desorption. The relationship between these two energy barriers is explored, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of RWGS activity enhancement.
Phenoconversion Due to Drug–Drug Interactions in CYP2C19 Genotyped Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Abouir Kenza , Exquis Nadia , Gloor Yvonne , Daali Youssef , Samer Caroline Flora
Published: July 2024

To compensate for drug response variability, drug metabolism phenotypes are determined based on the results of genetic testing, and if necessary, drug dosages are adjusted. In some cases, discrepancies between predicted and observed phenotypes (phenoconversion) may occur due to drug–drug interactions caused by concomitant medications. We conducted a prospective, exploratory study to evaluate the risk of CYP2C19 phenoconversion in genotyped healthy volunteers exposed to CYP2C19 inhibitors. Three groups of volunteers were enrolled: CYP2C19 g‐RM, g‐NM, and g‐IM (g‐ for genetically predicted). All volunteers received as CYP2C19 phenotyping substrate 10 mg omeprazole (OME) alone at the control session and in co‐administration with CYP2C19 inhibitors: voriconazole 400 mg and fluvoxamine 50 mg in second and third study sessions, respectively. Phenoconversion occurred in over 80% of healthy volunteers, with variations among genotypic groups, revealing distinct proportions in response to fluvoxamine and voriconazole. Statistically significant differences were observed in mean metabolic ratios between CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers (g‐IMs) with *1/*2 and *2/*17 genotypes, with the *2/*17 group exhibiting lower ratios, and distinctions were noted between genotypic groups, emphasizing the impact of genetic variations on drug metabolism. When reclassified according to CYP2C19 baseline‐measured phenotype into p‐RM, p‐NM, and p‐IM (p‐ for measured phenotype), we observed 100% phenoconversion of p‐RMs and a significant phenotype switch in p‐NMs, p‐IMs, and p‐PMs after fluvoxamine and voriconazole, and complete phenoconversion of p‐IMs to p‐PMs on both inhibitors, emphasizing the impact of genetic variations on the vulnerability to CYP2C19 phenoconversion and the importance of considering both genotyping and phenotyping in predicting drug response.
Tri‐Anion Solvation Structure Electrolyte Improves the Electrochemical Performance of Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Batteries
Authors: Sun Miaolan , Xie Yuxiang , Huang Huayu , Huang Yixin , Chen Hui , Liu Shishi , Dai Peng , Huang Rui , Huang Ling , Sun Shigang
Published: July 2024

Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 batteries, which consist of lithium metal anode (LMA) matched with NCM811 cathode, have an energy density more than twice that of lithium ion battery (LIB). However, the unstable electrode/electrolyte interface still hinders its practical application. Ether electrolytes show promise in improving the stability of LMA and NCM811 cathodes. However, a robust and stable electrode/electrolyte interface in Li||NCM811 batteries cannot be easily and efficiently achieved with most of the ether electrolytes reported in present studies. Herein, we present a straightforward and efficient tri‐anion synergistic strategy to overcome this bottleneck. The addition of ClO4− and NO3− anions to LiFSI‐based ether electrolytes forms a unique solvation structure with tri‐anion (FSI−/ClO4−/NO3−) participation (LB511). This structure not only enhances the electrochemical window of the ether electrolytes but also achieves a stable Li||NCM811 batteries interface. The interaction between electrode and electrolyte is suppressed and an inorganic‐rich (LiF/Li3N/LiCl) SEI/CEI layer is formed. Meanwhile, the coordination structure in the LB511 electrolyte increases the overpotential for Li deposition, resulting in a uniform and dense layer of Li deposition. Therefore, the Li||Cu cells using the LB511 electrolyte have an average CE of 99.6 %. The Li||NCM811 batteries was cycled stably for 250 cycles with a capacity retention of 81 % in the LB511 electrolyte (N/P=2.5, 0.5 C).
Left ventricular volume and maximal functional capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Size matters
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Palau Patricia , Losito Maurizio , Crisci Giulia , Miñana Gema , Domínguez Eloy , Bertomeu‐González Vicente , Bodí Vicent , Sanchis Juan , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Wahlberg Kramer J. , Meyer Markus , Guazzi Marco , Núñez Julio
Published: July 2024

Aims

Emerging evidence suggests that smaller left ventricular volumes may identify subjects with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Whether left ventricular size predicts functional capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (iLVEDV) and maximal functional capacity, assessed by peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2), in stable outpatients with HFpEF.

Methods and results

We prospectively analysed data from 133 consecutive stable outpatients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography on the same day. Data were validated in a cohort of HFpEF patients from San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. A multivariable linear regression assessed the association between iLVEDV and peakVO2. The mean age was 73.2 ± 10.5 years, and 75 (56.4%) were women. The median iLVEDV, indexed left ventricular end‐systolic volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction were 46 ml/m2 (30–56), 15 ml/m2 (11–19), and 66% (60–74%), respectively. The median peakVO2 and percentage of predicted peakVO2 were 11 ml/kg/min (9–13) and 64.1% (53–74.4), respectively. Adjusted linear regression analysis showed that smaller iLVEDV was associated with lower peakVO2 (p = 0.0001). In the validation cohort, adjusted linear regression analysis showed a consistent pattern: a smaller iLVEDV was associated with a higher likelihood of reduced peakVO2 (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

In stable outpatients with HFpEF, a smaller iLVEDV was associated with a lower maximal functional capacity. These findings suggest a need for further studies to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these observations and to explore targeted treatment strategies for this patient subgroup.
Algal pigments: Therapeutic potential and food applications
Authors: Saddiqa Ayesha , Faisal Zargham , Akram Noor , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Aftab , Almudaihim Abeer , Touqeer Muhammad , Ahmed Faiyaz , Asghar Aasma , Saeed Mubarra , Hailu Gebremichael Gebremedhin
Published: July 2024

Algae‐derived natural compounds have shown significant potential in treating various health conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and inflammation. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development of precise drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools utilizing these compounds. Central to this innovation are the vibrant pigments found in algae chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins which not only impart color but also possess notable nutritional, medicinal, and antioxidant properties. These pigments are extensively used in supplements and the food industry for their health benefits. Emerging research highlights the role of algal pigments in promoting gut health by modulating gut microbiota. This review comprehensively examines the therapeutic benefits of algae, recent progress in algal‐derived nanoparticle technology, and the synergistic effects of algae and their pigments on gut health. Novel insights and recent data underscore the transformative potential of algal compounds in modern medicine and nutrition.
Investigating hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count in preeclampsia: A case‐control study in Ghana
Authors: Akilla Martin Awe , Nchor Awinibuno Ignatius Abowini , Banyeh Moses , Mayeem Benjamin N. , Kwofie Gabriel Sakyi , Adoko Stephen , Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Kolekang Augusta S. , Dagungong Clement Binwatin , Amidu Nafiu
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Preeclampsia poses a heightened risk for women, particularly in the development of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, leading to adverse outcomes for both mothers and newborns. The incidence of HELLP syndrome tends to be notably higher among women with preeclampsia compared with those with normotensive pregnancies. However, there is a dearth of research on the frequency of HELLP syndrome within the context of preeclampsia specifically in Ghana. Furthermore, the potential predictive value of serum erythrocyte adenylate kinase (EAK), a marker of hemolysis, in anticipating the onset of preeclampsia remains largely unexplored.

Methods

Conducted between May 2020 and April 2022, this research employed a case‐control methodology at the War Memorial and Upper East Regional Hospitals. A total of 291 pregnant women participated, comprising 111 diagnosed with preeclampsia and 180 control subjects, aged between 18 and 43 years. Venous blood samples were collected and subjected to analysis for platelet count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and EAK, utilizing automated analyzers, alongside the ELISA technique. Diagnosis of HELLP syndrome was established using the Mississippi triple‐class definition.

Results

The median serum ALT level (with interquartile range) was significantly elevated in the preeclampsia group compared with controls [20.0 (13.7–27.0) vs. 13.0 (9.4–18.6); p < 0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of Mississippi class 3 HELLP syndrome was notably higher among preeclampsia cases (2/111; 1.8%) compared with controls (1/180; 0.6%). Serum ALT emerged as the superior predictor of preeclampsia, outperforming LDH (with an area under the curve of 0.73 compared with 0.58). The sensitivity and specificity of ALT were measured at 47.8% and 87.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Although the occurrence of HELLP syndrome in preeclampsia cases appears relatively low, it may escalate as the prevalence of preeclampsia is anticipated to rise in low and middle‐income nations.
Expression patterns of immune checkpoint proteins and Plasmodium falciparum‐induced cytokines in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected and uninfected individuals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Segbefia Selorm P. , Asandem Diana A. , Pobee Abigail , Asare Bright , Prah Ahu Diana , Baba‐Adam Rawdat , Amponsah Jones Amo , Kyei‐Baafour Eric , van der Puije William , Osei Frank , Teye‐Adjei Doreen , Agyemang Seth , Brenko Theophilus , Bentum‐Ennin Lutterodt , Tetteh John K. A. , Bonney Kofi J. H. , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Amoah Linda E. , Kusi Kwadwo A.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim

Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains a major public health problem. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 Hepatitis B Guidelines provide that CHB individuals not requiring antiviral therapy yet are monitored to determine the need for antiviral therapy in the future; however, these tests do not include measurement of cytokines and immune cell characterization. This case‐control study compared the cytokine and immune checkpoint protein expression profiles between CHB individuals not yet on antiviral treatment and hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐negative individuals.

Methods

CD4 and CD8 T cells from CHB and HBV‐negative individuals were characterized for immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death‐1 (PD1), T cell Immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (TIM‐3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) (CD152), and a memory marker CXCR3 (CD183) using flow cytometry. Malaria‐induced cytokine expression levels were determined by stimulating their blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain antigens (CSP, AMA‐1, and TRAP) in whole blood assays, and cytokine levels were measured using a 13‐plex Luminex kit.

Results

HBV‐negative and CHB individuals had comparable levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, a proportion of the CD4+ and CD8+ populations from both groups, which were CXCR3+, expressed PD‐1 and CD152. The ability to produce cytokines in response to malaria antigen stimulation was not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

These findings support excluding CHB individuals from antiviral therapy at this stage of infection. However, CHB individuals require regular monitoring to determine the need for later antiviral treatment.
Stream chemical response is mediated by hydrologic connectivity and fire severity in a Pacific Northwest forest
Authors: Bush Sidney A. , Johnson Sherri L. , Bladon Kevin D. , Sullivan Pamela L.
Published: July 2024

Large‐scale wildfires are becoming increasingly common in the wet forests of the Pacific Northwest (USA), with predicted increases in fire prevalence under future climate scenarios. Wildfires can alter streamflow response to precipitation and mobilize water quality constituents, which pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems and downstream drinking water treatment. Research often focuses on the impacts of high‐severity wildfires, with stream biogeochemical responses to low‐ and mixed‐severity fires often understudied, particularly during seasonal shifts in hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and streams. We studied the impacts of the 2020 Holiday Farm Fire at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest where rare pre‐fire stream discharge and chemistry data allowed us to evaluate the influence of mixed‐severity fire on stream water quantity and quality. Our research design focused on two well‐studied watersheds with low and low‐moderate burn severity where we examined long‐term data (pre‐ and post‐fire), and instantaneous grab samples collected during four rain events occurring immediately following wildfire and a prolonged dry summer. We analysed the impact of these rain events, which represent the transition from low‐to‐high hydrologic connectivity of the subsurface to the stream, on stream discharge and chemistry behaviour. Long‐term data revealed total annual flows and mean flows remained fairly consistent post‐fire, while small increases in baseflow were observed in the low‐moderately burned watershed. Stream water concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and sulfate significantly increased following fire, with variance in concentration increasing with fire severity. Our end member mixing models suggested that during rain events, the watershed with low‐moderate severity fire had greater streamflow inputs from soil water and groundwater during times of low connectivity compared to the watershed with low severity fire. Finally, differences in fire severity impacts on concentration‐discharge relationships of biogenic solutes were most expressed under low catchment connectivity conditions. Our study provides insights into post‐wildfire impacts to stream water quality, with the goal of informing future research on stream chemistry responses to low, moderate and mixed severity wildfire.
Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries according to the type of forceps used in the Mexican population
Authors: Zapata‐Caballero Carlos Agustín , Rivera‐Medina Ernesto Rodolfo , Cevallos‐Bustillos Jaime Ignacio , Granados‐Martínez Verónica , Gorbea‐Chávez Viridiana
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study describes the frequency of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in patients after instrumental delivery according to the type of forceps used.

Methods

A retrospective comparative cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent instrumental delivery from January 2017 to April 2022. The primary outcome was the presence of OASIS following delivery. Patients were categorized into Cohort A if only rotation forceps were used, Cohort B for only traction forceps, and Cohort C if both types were used sequentially. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (IBM, New York, NY) with χ2, Fisher's exact, and analysis of variance testing. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

OASIS occurred in 45 of 328 instrumental deliveries. OASIS after rotation forceps occurred in 12.9% (n = 8) of cases, after traction forceps in 13.2% (n = 34), and after sequential use of rotation and traction forceps in 37.5% (n = 3) of cases (p = 0.141). An odds ratio (OR) of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–2.08) for OASIS was obtained with the use of rotation forceps, 0.81 (95% CI 0.38–1.70) for traction forceps, and 3.97 (95% CI 0.91–17.2) for the sequential use of rotation and traction forceps.

Conclusion

There were no significant differences in the presence of OASIS comparing traction and rotation forceps. A non‐significant trend of higher OASIS following the sequential use of traction and rotation forceps was observed.
Cover Image
Authors: Wen Xinyang , Liu Zhuoxuan , Chu Yanbo , Le Min , Li Liang
Published: July 2024

The cover image is based on the Article MRCM‐UCTransNet: Automatic and Accurate 3D Tooth Segmentation Network From Cone‐Beam CT Images by Xinyang Wen et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.23139

image
Palm as Decentralized Identifiers: Mitigate scrounging of platform economy
Authors: Wang Hanmo , Wang Shuqi , Zhang Dong
Published: July 2024

This study investigates a novel challenge within the digital economy: scrounging, which entails the exploitation of false identities to capitalize on benefits offered by digital platforms, such as sales promotions and new user incentives. As a form of fraud, scrounging can substantially affect platform efficiency and has emerged as a critical issue in the contemporary digital economy and Web 3.0 sector. This underscores the necessity to model scrounging behavior and implement strategies to mitigate it. In this study, we develop a model that characterizes scrounging behavior in digital platform promotions and provides a theoretical explanation. We also introduce Palm as Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), offering Proof‐of‐Human (PoH) to reduce fake identity prevalence. Unlike traditional blockchain technology, Palm as Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) utilizes the Human Chain approach, ensuring equitable treatment of all users within the system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in mitigating scrounging and explore its prospective applications in tackling real‐world challenges in the digital and Web 3.0 economies.
Do P2P borrowers improve the quality of information disclosure? An analysis with text mining on loan descriptions
Authors: Chen Yuan , Feng Ji , Li Xun , Yu Shijie
Published: July 2024

Most of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) online borrowers are small business managers. The learning behavior of borrowers in the P2P market is rarely studied. The aim of this paper is to identify the existence of borrowers' learning behavior in the P2P market using a large sample from renrendai.com, which is one of the largest P2P lending platforms in China. The loan description written by the borrower is an important way to disclose the borrower's information. We analyze changes in loan descriptions in multiple borrowings with text mining techniques and investigate whether a borrower has a learning behavior in writing loan descriptions. Empirical results show that after accumulating enough experience, borrowers can optimize the loan description to make it easier to obtain loans at lower interest rates.
An amalgamated correlation and regression based feature selection with ensemble learning approach for IoT network attack detection
Authors: Ahmad Mir Shahnawaz , Shah Shahid Mehraj
Published: July 2024

The advancements in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have led to the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), where ordinary things (e.g. smart meters, sensors etc.) can be connected and controlled over the internet. However, an IoT network is vulnerable to many malicious network attacks due to its inherent properties like limited computational abilities, heterogeneity, massive connectivity, etc. This paper presents a feature selection technique, which uses an amalgamation of LASSO regression and correlation based techniques, to find appropriate features for IoT network attack detection. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism was evaluated on benchmark IoT network datasets using different machine learning techniques. The results revealed that the Gradient Boosting ensemble learning model achieved a maximum attack detection accuracy of 99.98%, and outperformed the other studied models.
Aberrant right subclavian artery in the absence of other prenatal ultrasound findings: Should we still be concerned?
Authors: Odacılar Ali Şahap , Ayhan Işıl , Karaman Ali , Demirci Oya
Published: July 2024

Objective

To analyze the value of prenatal diagnostic genetic testing in cases with isolated aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study, conducted between January 2015–January 2022 in a fetal medicine center. Women who had an ultrasound scan and diagnosed with fetal ARSA were included. Ultrasonographic characteristics, genetic, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results

A total of 240 fetuses with ARSA were identified and included to the analysis. Eighty‐two of the group had isolated ARSA (34.2%, 82/240), 57 had additional soft markers (23.8%, 57/240) and 101 had additional major ultrasonographic abnormalities (42.1%, 101/240). Genetic results were available in 196 cases (81.7%, 196/240). Seventy‐four of isolated ARSA cases underwent genetic testing (90.2%, 74/82). A chromosomal abnormality was present in 60 cases; 54 (22.5%, 54/240) aneuploidies and 6 (2.5%, 6/240) copy number variants. Five (6.1%) of the isolated ARSA cases had chromosomal abnormalities. All of these five cases had prenatal genetic testing due to high‐risk aneuploidy screening fetuses who had ARSA with at least one additional anomaly had the highest chromosomal abnormality rate (38.6%, 39/101). Seventy‐seven of isolated ARSA cases were liveborn (93.9%, 77/82).

Conclusion

Our results supports the evidence from the literature that isolated ARSA confers a very low‐risk for aneuploidy, if the aneuploidy screening tests are low‐risk. Also, chromosomal microarray analysis did not yield any extra information in isolated ARSA.
Whispers of the Cath lab: “Cases we would rather forget”
Authors: Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Vlachakis Panayotis K. , Sagris Marios , Dimitroglou Yannis , Tolis Elias , Theofilis Panagiotis , Aznouridis Konstantinos , Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Drakopoulou Maria , Lozos Vasileios , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Aggeli Constantina , Tsioufis Costas
Published: July 2024

In the dynamic field of interventional cardiology, significant strides have been made in reducing periprocedural complications. Echocardiography, particularly transesophageal echocardiography, plays a key role in ensuring the safety and success of structural heart interventions. Its real‐time imaging capabilities allow for precise monitoring of device positioning, deployment, and procedural outcomes. By adhering to established imaging protocols and acquiring standard imaging planes, periprocedural echocardiography has become an essential tool for the successful performance of many structural heart interventions. In this manuscript, we present a series of unusual yet significant complications that we encountered during structural interventional procedures in our catheter laboratory. These complications, detected through echocardiography, underscore the critical role of imaging guidance in recognizing, and addressing unforeseen challenges, such as device malposition, thrombus formation in cardiac chambers during structural heart interventions, and cardiac tamponade during transcatheter mitral valve procedures. Through these cases, we highlight the effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography in promptly identifying complications, allowing for timely intervention and resolution.
An efficient one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo [4′,3′:1,5][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives and their molecular docking studies
Authors: Jilloju Parameshwara Chary , Shyam Perugu , Aravind Seema , Vedula Rajeswar Rao
Published: July 2024

A series of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4′,3′:1,5][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines (4a‐p) were synthesized from the reaction of 4‐amino‐5‐hydrazinyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (1) with different bromoethanones (2a‐p) and substituted benzoic acids (3) via a one‐pot, three‐component reaction with good to excellent yields. The new fused tri‐cyclic system was achieved without using a catalyst and metal by cyclo‐condensation reaction through a one‐pot approach. The structures of newly synthesized molecules were confirmed by using IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, Mass spectral, and analytical data. Molecular docking studies were carried out for the newly synthesized compounds against human cancer receptors (2TKB) with good results.
Long‐term cardiovascular outcomes and mortality with enzyme replacement therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Kwak Ji Hee , Choi Yong Jun , Kim Sinae , Yang Aram
Published: July 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a rare multisystemic lysosomal disorder in which cardiac issues can lead to serious dysfunction and an increased risk of fatal cardiac failure. However, studies on major adverse cardiac event (MACE) outcomes in MPS II are lacking. This study evaluated the cardiovascular outcomes and impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients with MPS II in South Korea. In this national cohort study, utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Database, we evaluated 127 patients with MPS II over a 14‐year period to investigate the effects of ERT on MACE and all‐cause mortality. We tracked MACE incidence, defined by hospitalizations for cardiovascular events, from diagnosis and adjusted the hazard ratios for MACE using Cox modeling. Over an average follow‐up period of 7.3 years, we identified 16 cases of MACE among patients (17.35 per 1000 person‐years; 95% confidence interval, 10.74–26.83). Patients receiving ERT exhibited a significantly lower incidence of MACE than untreated patients, with cumulative incidences showing a marked difference of 8.3 years. Notably, initiating ERT at earlier stages post‐diagnosis was associated with improved outcomes, underscoring the importance of timely treatment. The key risk factors for MACE included specific arrhythmias, a history of invasive procedures, and depression. Early ERT significantly reduced MACE risk and increased survival in patients with MPS II. This underscores the importance of prompt treatment initiation and comprehensive care to address key risk factors and advocates for an expanded therapeutic strategy to enhance MPS II outcomes.
High b‐Value and Ultra‐High b‐Value Diffusion Weighted MRI in Stroke
Authors: Jiang Rifeng , Wang ZhenXiong , Liu Jun , Li Ting , Lv YanChun , Xie Chuanmiao , Su Changliang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To explore the application value of high‐b‐value and ultra‐high b‐value DWI in noninvasive evaluation of ischemic infarctions.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Sixty‐four patients with clinically diagnosed ischemic lesions based on symptoms and DWI.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T/T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, pre‐contrast T1‐weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo sequence, multi‐b‐value trace DWI and q‐space sampling sequences.

Assessment

Lesions were segmented on standard b‐value DWI (SB‐DWI, 1000 s/mm2), high b‐value DWI (HB‐DWI, 4000 s/mm2) and ultra‐high b‐value DWI (UB‐DWI, 10,000 s/mm2), and cumulative segmented areas were the final abnormality volumes. Normal white matter (WM) areas were obtained after binarization of segmented brain. In 47 patients, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) at b values of 1000, 4000, and 10,000 s/mm2 were extracted from symmetrical WM masks and lesion masks of contralateral WM (CWM) and lesion‐side WM (LWM).

Statistical Tests

Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test and Pearson correlation analysis. Two‐tailed P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Various signals of HB‐/UB‐DWI (hypo‐, iso‐ or hyper‐intensity) were observed in strokes compared with SB‐DWI, and some areas with iso‐intensity of SB‐DWI manifested with hyper‐intensity on HB‐/UB‐DWI. Abnormality volumes from SB‐DWI were significantly smaller than those from HB‐DWI and UB‐DWI (10.32 ± 16.45 cm3, vs. 12.25 ± 19.71 cm3 and 11.83 ± 19.41 cm3), while no significant difference exist in volume between HB‐DWI and UB‐DWI (P = 0.32). In CWM, FA significantly correlated with ADC4000 and ADC10,000 (maximum r = −0.51 and −0.64), but did not significantly correlate with ADC1000 (maximum r = −0.20, P = 0.17). ADC1000 or ADC4000 of LWM not significant correlated with FA of CWM (maximum r = −0.28, P = 0.06), while ADC10,000 of LWM significantly correlated with FA of CWM (maximum r = −0.46).

Data Conclusion

HB‐ and UB‐DWI have potential to be supplementary tools for the noninvasive evaluation of stroke lesions in clinics.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Urban Heat Island Trends in the Middle East and North Africa: A statistical approach
Authors: Tzyrkalli Anna , Economou Theo , Lazoglou Georgia , Constantinidou Katiana , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Lelieveld Jos
Published: July 2024

The urban heat island (UHI) effect denotes that temperatures in urban areas are often higher compared to the rural background. This human‐induced phenomenon can exacerbate heat stress and adverse health impacts, adding to ongoing global warming. To examine the intensity and variability of the UHI effect, we used 40 years () of observational data (daily maximum and minimum temperature) from the Global Summary of the Day (GSOD), comprising about 1000 stations of varying temporal extent, spanning the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The MENA is characterised by hot and dry summers and warms faster than other inhabited regions worldwide. The challenge in using data with diverse spatial and temporal extents is accounting for heterogeneities between each station comprising an urban–rural pair. One has to allow for differences in the distance between the pairs and, elevation, spatial–temporal changes in urbanisation as well as the distance from the coast. A new method is proposed, based on flexible statistical methods (Generalized Additive Models or GAMs), to quantify the temporal trend in the UHI effect while allowing for the aforementioned characteristics using regression splines of appropriately defined variables. A composition of high‐resolution satellite geospatial information, related to urbanisation properties and population data was utilised from the Global Human Settlement Layer database (GHSL‐SMOD), to characterise the stations in terms of their urbanisation type. These data were also used to quantify temporal changes in the extent of urbanisation relative to the surrounding areas. Results indicate consistent upward trends of the UHI effect in the MENA (up to °C), particularly at night (daily minimum temperature) during all seasons.
A new approach for discriminating spatially acquired SERS spectra using antiretroviral drug emtricitabine as a test sample
Authors: Hrncirova Jana , Butler Marguerite R. , Clark Meredith R. , Doncel Gustavo F. , Cooper John B.
Published: July 2024

In this study, an antiretroviral drug emtricitabine (also known as FTC or Emtriva) was detected and quantified down to 40 ng/ml by using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Its aqueous standards were tested with two types of silver nanoparticles (colloidal and dendritic) using a specially developed aluminum well plate. The SERS spectra were acquired using a Raman scanning device with 30‐μm spatial resolution. The spectral data were analyzed using a new approach for the discrimination of the spatially acquired spectra based on the Quality index (Qi). After the Qi is calculated, the spectral data are sorted based on the Qi. This is followed by selecting only the spectra with a high Qi index and comparing the average of all the spatially acquired spectra. This results in an improvement in the spectral signal‐to‐noise and higher analytical sensitivity of the built calibration curves.
‘Twenty years of network meta‐analysis: Continuing controversies and recent developments’: A health technology assessment perspective
Authors: Jackson Dan , Zhang Landan , Hettle Robert , Cooper Miranda
Published: July 2024

We respond to some of the methodological issues raised in a recent review of network meta‐analysis (NMA). We also provide a health technology developer's perspective and consider the future application of NMA to health technology assessment.
Exploring the extraction, functional properties, and industrial applications of papain from Carica papaya
Authors: Choudhary Rajni , Kaushik Ravinder , Chawla Prince , Manna Suvendu
Published: July 2024

Papain a protease enzyme naturally present in the Carica papaya has gained significant interest across several industries due to its unique properties and versatility. The unique structure of papain imparts the functionality that assists in elucidating how papain enzyme works and making it beneficial for a variety of purposes. This review highlights recent advancements in papain extraction techniques to enhance production efficiency to meet market demand. The extraction of papain from the Carica papaya plant offers various advantages such as cost‐effectiveness, biodegradability, safety, and the ability to withstand a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. Key findings reveal that non‐conventional papain extraction techniques offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, product quality, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, papain treatment enhances the value of final products due to its anti‐bacterial, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐obesity properties. The ability of papain to hydrolyze a wide range of proteins across various conditions makes it a suitable protease enzyme. While the study emphasizes the advantages of papain, the study also acknowledges limitations such as the continuous research and development to optimize extraction processes which will help unlock papain's potential and meet the growing demand. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The response of Midknight Valencia oranges to ethephon degreening varies in the turning and regreening stages
Authors: Li Huimin , Ai Yeru , Zeng Kaifang , Deng Lili
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Late‐ripening citrus plays an important role in the stability of the global citrus industry. However, the regreening phenomenon in Valencia oranges impacts the peel color and commercial value. Ethylene degreening is an effective technique to improve the color of citrus fruits, but this effect may be delayed in regreened oranges. To better clarify this phenomenon, plastid morphology, pigment and phytohormone content in ethephon‐degreened Midknight Valencia oranges harvested in different stages were evaluated.

RESULTS

Results showed that in fruits harvested at the turning stage, ethephon degreening treatment induced a chloroplast‐to‐chromoplast transition, and chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation were accelerated. Conversely, in fruits harvested at the regreening stage, the changes in plastid morphology were minimal, with delayed changes in chlorophyll and carotenoids. Genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways supported these responses. Variations in endogenous auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid and gibberellins could partially explain this phenomenon.

CONCLUSION

The response of Midknight Valencia oranges to ethephon degreening was delayed in the regreening stage, possibly due to the dynamic variations in endogenous phytohormones. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental cognition and peer attitudes: Influencing tourists' waste‐sorting behavior in rural tourism destinations
Authors: Zhong Daojun , Gou Wanru , Zhou Xiaoying , Han Chao , Chen Jin
Published: July 2024

This research assesses the determinants impacting the behavior in rural tourism destinations regarding tourists' waste sorting (WSB), emphasizing the significance of social norms and peer networks. Survey data was gathered from 955 participants in rural tourist destinations across Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces. The empirical findings illuminate several crucial aspects: (1) social norms and peer networks wield a positive, catalyzing influence on tourists' WSB in rural tourism settings. (2) Peer attitudes shape tourists' WSB, and environmental cognition plays a pivotal mediating role. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive exploration of the influence of social norms and peer networks on tourists' WSB in rural tourism destinations, highlighting the unique interplay of cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal factors in this context. (3) Cognitive norms and behavioral norms have a more significant impact on female tourists. (4) For frequent travel groups, social norms affect waste‐sorting behavior less.
Medical tourism destination image: Scale development
Authors: Alp Gamze , Yılmaz Yıldırım
Published: July 2024

In response to heightened competition among destinations vying for medical tourists, these destinations have prioritized improving their image. Although several scales exist to assess destination images, there is a scarcity of scales specifically tailored to measure the image of medical tourism destinations. To address this gap, a thorough scale development process was employed, resulting in the creation of a second‐order model known as the medical tourism destination image scale. This scale explores four dimensions: quality of doctors and hospitals, ease of travel and safety, variety of treatment, and communication. The findings underscore the significant potential for marketers and policymakers to enhance the attractiveness of medical tourism destinations.
Quantitative Analysis of Right Atrial Functions by 2D‐Speckle Tracking Echocardiography During Healthy Pregnancy
Authors: Guler Yeliz , Karagoz Ali , Inan Duygu , Sonsoz Mehmet R. , Bilen Mehmet N. , Guler Ahmet , Kirma Cevat
Published: July 2024

Background

The role of speckle tracking in the assessment of right atrial (RA) deformation parameters has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this article is to establish the effects of normal pregnancy on RA mechanical changes obtained by 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography.

Methodology

A total of 49 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. All participants were followed for each trimester and postpartum period, encompassing standard assessments of both RA and ventricular functions, as well as measurements of RA global peak atrial longitudinal strain (RA‐Global‐PALS) and RA global peak atrial contraction strain (RA‐Global‐PACS). Additionally, the RA segments were individually evaluated with respect to strain parameters.

Results

During pregnancy, the increased volume load resulted in elevated RA reservoir function, as indicated by RA‐Global‐PALS, and increased contraction parameter, as indicated by RA‐Global‐PACS. These changes were within physiological limits and reversible. Segmental analysis of the right atrium showed similar findings for regional PACS and PALS parameters.

Conclusion

In this study, we established normal RA deformation parameters for healthy pregnancies. These data will aid in discerning various measures of RA phasic function in cardiovascular and systemic conditions among normal pregnant women. Moreover, they may offer insights into potential cardiac pathologies that may arise during the pregnancy.
The addition of mesenchymal stem cells in a bioabsorbable scaffold does not enhance tendon healing after a repair of rotator cuff tear
Authors: Christogiannis Ioannis F. , Mastrokalos Dimitrios S. , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. , Lakiotaki Eleftheria , Karatrasoglou Eleni , Bami Myrto , Milonaki Mandy , Koulalis Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the healing potential of a full‐thickness tendon defect in the rotator cuff of rabbits using a bioabsorbable scaffold impregnated with bone marrow–mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) or rotator cuff‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (RC‐MSCs).

Methods

Sixteen adult rabbits were subjected to a full‐thickness rotator cuff deficit. Rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of four animals. In Group 0 (control), the deficit was left untreated. In Group 1, the deficit was treated with a single synthetic scaffold alone. In Group 2, the deficit was treated with the previous scaffold loaded with allogeneic BM‐MSCs. In Group 3, the deficit was treated with the previous scaffold loaded with allogenic RC‐MSCs. After animal sacrifice, tissue samples were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

Group 1 showed the highest mean tendon maturing score (15.3 ± 0.9) postoperatively, being significantly higher, in comparison to groups 0, 2 and 3 (p = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Group 1 showed the highest mean collagen I/collagen III ratio (1.4 ± 0.8) postoperatively but without any statistical significance.

Conclusions

The utilization of MSCs in rotator cuff repair in a rabbit model has not been associated with an enhancement in tendon healing in 16 weeks postoperatively, in comparison to controls and bioabsorbable scaffolds. The addition of MSCs does not result in better rotator cuff healing.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable. This is an animal study.