bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of the enigmatic forest racer snake, Dendrophidion boshelli Dunn, 1944 (Serpentes, Colubridae): actions for the conservation of a critically endangered species
Authors: Rojas-Morales Julian Andrés , Marín-Martínez Mateo , Zuluaga-Isaza Juan Camilo
Published: December 2019

Dendrophidion boshelliis a poorly known and endemic snake species from the Middle Magdalena river valley in Colombia. It was described in 1944 based on a single specimen from the municipality of Caparrapí, department of Cundinamarca. Since the original description, only three additional specimens have been established. As part of the results of a herpetological monitoring in the Miel I Hydroelectric project, department of Caldas-Colombia, three additional specimens ofD. boshelliwere found in 2014–2015. The specimens represent the second known population of the species. We presented morphological data and pholidosis; description of the coloration in life, and a description of the habitat. Recently,D. boshelliwas included as a Critically Endangered (CR) species in the Red Book of Reptiles of Colombia, and the IUCN Redlist. For this reason, to promote the local conservation of this and other endemic and threatened species in the Miel I area, we suggested some actions at the local level, such as establishing a conservation area with legal status in the Middle Manso River basin, which is a tributary of the Miel I Hydroelectric project.
Are All Opioids Created Equal?
Authors: Lawson Amber P , Smith Kelly M
Published: December 2019

When choosing an opioid for pain management, the pharmacology and pharmacokinetic profile of each agent and how these characteristics may affect individual patients should be considered.
О ранге случайной двоичной матрицы с заданными весами независимых строк
Authors: Kruglov Vasilii Igorevich , Mikhailov Vladimir Gavrilovich
Published: December 2019

Изучаются асимптотические свойства ранга матрицы из $n$ независимых случайных строк, каждая из которых равновероятно и независимо от остальных строк выбирается из множества всех $m$-мерных ($m>n$) двоичных векторов заданных весов $s_i$, $i=1,\ldots,n$.
Основным результатом работы является явная оценка сверху для функции распределения ранга матрицы.
Tuje in prostor
Authors: Bole Maia Andreja
Published: December 2019

Članek se ukvarja z odnosom tujega in prostora ter proučuje njune naratološke možnosti v potopisih Moscovia Sigismunda (Žige) von Herbersteina in Vermehrte Newe Beschreibung der Muscowitischen vnd Persischen Reyse … Adama Oleariusa. Tuje ne obstaja samo po sebi, pač pa je vedno vezano na znano. Oba pojma sta prostorsko definirana kot nekdo ali nekaj zunaj ali znotraj določenega topološkega reda. S konceptoma gube (Deleuze) in rizoma (Deleuze, Guattari) lahko togo strukturo dvojice tuje–znano razrahljamo in razpremo. Z načelom gubanja pride do izraza pripovedna multiperspektivnost (kulturni, politični, verski in drugi vidiki), ki podčrta relativnost in situacijsko odvisnost tujega. Poleg tega članek prikaže medsebojno povezanost tujega in severa kot prostora zla v izbranih potopisih, ki v diahroni perspektivi doživi določene semantične premike.
Javni spomeniki in spomeniki, posvečeni prvi svetovni vojni, na območju Jugoslavije od poznega 19. stoletja do leta 1941
Authors: Žerovc Beti
Published: December 2019

Jugoslovanske spomenike, povezane s prvo svetovno vojno, danes praviloma obravnavamo ločeno, v okvirih držav naslednic. Članek poskuša predstaviti čim bolj celovito sliko te produkcije in zarisati njene skupne značilnosti, obenem pa tudi razlike, v veliki meri pogojene z zelo raznolikimi lokalnimi tradicijami komemoriranja in postavljanja obeležij.Jedro besedila je analiza, kako se produkcija javnih spomenikov v novi Jugoslaviji vzpostavi sistemsko, od kod prihajajo njeni miselni vzorci in likovni vzori ter kdo so njeni ključni avtorji. Sledi razmislek o tem, kako so se v spomenike vpisovale težnje po krepitvi skupne jugoslovanske identitete, vzpostavljanju kolektivnega imaginarija in čim bolj enotni, prepoznavni vizualni podobi mlade države. Jugoslavija je imela na tem področju precejšnje težave, ki jim niso botrovale le notranje mednacionalne in politične napetosti ter nedomišljena državna kulturna politika, temveč tudi pomanjkanje združujočih skupnih zgodb in spominov. Ker so se deli nove države pred združitvijo pogosto znašli v nasprotnih političnih taborih, so lahko zgodbe iz preteklosti nanjo učinkovale celo skrajno razdiralno.
Arhitekturni jezik Jožeta Plečnika v izbranih delih njegovega ljubljanskega opusa
Authors: Zupančič Bogo
Published: December 2019

Avtor članka razčlenjuje značilnosti arhitekturnega jezika v izbranih ljubljanskih delih arhitekta Jožeta Plečnika. Sprašuje se, ali je Plečnikov arhitekturni jezik samo univerzalen, lokalen, moderen ali sinteza univerzalnega (torej klasičnega ali tradicionalnega), lokalnega in modernega jezika oziroma še kaj več. Značilne Plečnikove arhitekturne elemente in sintakso opredeli in predstavi s tabelami in fotografijami ter posamezne primere podkrepi s citati uglednih strokovnjakov. Avtorjev sklep je, da arhitekturna dela in urbanistične poteze arhitekta Jožeta Plečnika v Ljubljani vsebujejo (p)osebni arhitekturni jezik, ki je drugačen od jezika v svetu prevladujočih arhitekturnih smeri med svetovnima vojnama. Arhitekturni elementi, tipi (in prostori) predvsem iz klasične arhitekture, od staroegipčanske, antične, renesančne in baročne, pa tudi ljudske ter celo bližnje- in daljnovzhodne arhitekturne tradicije, so inovativno povzeti, preobraženi in posodobljeni za nove potrebe modernega človeka. Arhitekturna dela so bila, drugo za drugim, v zgodovinsko-prostorskem kontekstu mesta postopoma povezana v harmonično celoto javnih prostorov. Sinteza zatečenih in novih stavb, prostorov s kompozicijskimi načeli ter dodanih zelenih površin pomeni kontinuiteto spomina in novo identiteto. Javni prostori so povezani v zeleni urbani mreži v merilu človeka. Izbrana dela zaradi splošno jasno prepoznavnega, drugačnega in simbolnega arhitekturnega jezika, pa tudi večpomenskosti, edinstvenosti, kakovosti in etičnega pristopa arhitekta do prostora v času, v katerem so nastala, pa vse do danes pomenijo pomemben prispevek k arhitekturni ustvarjalnosti prve polovice 20. stoletja. V njih prepoznamo inovativni osebni arhitekturni jezik, izvirno (pre)oblikovanje arhitekturne tradicije in drugačno modernost.
Estabelecimento in vitro de Eremanthus incanus
Authors: Miranda Natane Amaral , Titon Miranda , Pereira Israel Marinho , Fernandes José Sebastião Cunha , Santos Marcone Moreira
Published: December 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar procedimentos para introdução in vitro de brotações retiradas de mudas de candeia mantidas em viveiro. Para a desinfestação das brotações, testou-se tempos de imersão (5, 10, 15 e 20 min) em hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% e a influência do uso de fungicida antes (7 e 15 dias) e após a coleta das brotações, nas concentrações de 0,5 e 1,0 g L-1 respectivamente. Para o controle da oxidação dos explantes in vitro, avaliou-se a adição de polivinilpirrolidona (PVP) e carvão ativado ao meio de cultura, ambos nas concentrações 1 e 2 g L-1. O uso de hipoclorito de sódio permitiu a desinfestação das brotações introduzidas, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos testados. A coleta de brotações 15 dias após a aplicação de fungicida nas mudas fornecedoras das brotações resultou em ausência de contaminação. A oxidação dos explantes atingiu altos níveis, mesmo na presença de PVP e carvão ativado no meio de cultura.
Transfer of Sport Heritage in the Formation of a Sustainable Sport Culture
Authors: Korkmaz Sevda
Published: December 2019

Sustainability, which points to the common denominator of the countries in the fields of environment, economy and society, etc., ensures that the expectations of a better life are met in this common denominator. Sustainability plays a role in sustaining the existence of cultural systems through its social dimension. In a cultural system, due to its structure which influences and is influenced by culture, sport reflects the characteristics of the society in which it is done, and thus, it is one of the elements that make up the culture. It is only with this transfer that the culture which has been progressing with the accumulation and transferred from the past to the present is transferred to the new generations. In other words, sustainability of culture is possible by transference. As with other elements of culture, the transfer of sport heritage to the next generations is of great importance for the sustainability of sport culture. Sport museums, as the areas where the sport heritage, starting to form with the history of humanity, are presented to the society, play an important role in creating a sustainable sport culture. The aim of this article is to examine and analyze the meaning of place and existence of heritage transfer in the sustainable development of sport culture through sport museums by literature search method.
Scope Validity of the Graph Drawing and Interpretation Skill Checklist
Authors: Aksoy Bülent , Namal Remzi
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the scope validity of the graph drawing interpretation skill checklist that can be used in social studies teaching. The literature review was made while the draft skill checklist was prepared at first. There have generally been some graph drawing and interpretation skill checklist studies at secondary and higher education levels. However, a graph drawing and interpretation skill checklist prepared for the social studies course at the primary education level has not been found. In the next step, items of the graph drawing and interpretation skill checklist were prepared. It has been benefitted from the literature on the graph drawing and interpretation for this. Attention has been paid to the preparation of items that assess the graph drawing and interpretation skill at the elementary education level. The scope validity of the items was analyzed employing the technique developed by Lawshe (1975) based on assessments of 10 specialists in their field. Analysis results show that the scope validity ration of the skill checklist was sufficient, thereby being workable in assessing the graph drawing and interpretation skill in social studies teaching.
The Effect of Social Media Networking Use in EFL Classrooms in Saudi Arabia: An Argumentative Review
Authors: Alrasheedi Saleh
Published: December 2019

This study provides an argumentative literature review of the research done in the use of social media in EFL acquisition in Saudi Arabia since 2014. Starting from 455 sources, 15 articles were selected using predefined selection criteria. The documents were analyzed and coded using these classifications: participants, educational level, study design, SNS being reviewed, pedagogical practice, and learning impact. This information allowed identification of major educational outcomes related to the integration of social networking sites (SNSs) into English as Foreign Language (EFL) learning and teaching in Saudi Arabia. It also shed light on reservations and difficulties faced in integrating SNSs into the EFL acquisition classroom. The results of this literature review indicate the importance of adopting social networking sites in elementary and preparatory stages in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, there should be an interest in analyzing learners’ and teachers’ motivations and attitudes toward social networking sites.
The Degree of Practicing Alternative Evaluation Strategies by Mathematics Teachers in the Elementary Stage in Hail City
Authors: N. Mansour Othman , F. Al–Rashidi Mohammed
Published: December 2019

This study aimed at discovering the degree of practicing alternative evaluation strategies by mathematics teachers in Hail city. The study sample consisted of (55) teachers of mathematics in elementary stage. They were chosen by using random methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive methodology. An observation card was designed. Data were processed statistically. The results of the study showed that the degree of practicing alternative evaluation strategies as a whole by mathematics teachers was medium. Its mean was (2.12). The results also showed that there were no significant differences in the degree of practicing alternative evaluation strategies by mathematics teachers in the elementary stage due to the variable of experience, while there were significant differences due to the variable of training courses in favor of teachers participation in three training courses and more.
Analysis of the reproductive performance of Labradors with working certificates
Authors: Boruta Agnieszka , Bagińska Barbara , Kurek Anna , Dzierżanowska-Góryń Danuta
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to analyse the results of mating of female Labrador retrievers from show lines with show-line males with working certificates. The research material consisted of breeding results from the Sodalis FCI kennel from 2005-2011, which included 26 litters from eight bitches. Sires with working certificates were used in seven matings. The number of puppies born, the number of stillborn or euthanized puppies, the number of puppies reared, and the ratio of puppies reared to puppies born were analysed. On average 0.44 more puppies were born and 0.68 more were reared in litters from show-line sires with working certificates. The percentages of retained placentas and of stillborn puppies and puppies requiring euthanasia were higher in litters from show-line sires without working certificates. The differences were not confirmed statistically.
The effect of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on the behaviour of ageing laboratory mice
Authors: Niemiec Tomasz , Zglińska Klara , Świderek Wiesław , Górecka Weronika , Matusiewicz Magdalena , Łozicki Andrzej , Kosieradzka Iwona , Pierzynowski Stefan
Published: December 2019

Ageing is a complex physiological process characterized by a gradual decline in cell, tissue and organ function. Consequently, ageing is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Altered nervous system function can lead to behavioural or psychological disorders. Recent research has shown that alpha ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle that extends the lifespan of adult animal organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of AKG on the behaviour of laboratory mice in an open field test. The Na-AKG form was found to enhance perceptual-motor exploration in the mice (expressed as the number of rearings), and at the same time to suppress anxiety-related behaviour.
Changes in the colour and sensory properties of beef frozen after seven days of ageing in a modified atmosphere
Authors: Śmiecińska Katarzyna , Kubiak Dorota , Daszkiewicz Tomasz , Osowiec Paulina
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate the colour, sensory properties and shear force values of meat from ten young bulls produced by crossing Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows with Belgian White Blue bulls. The quality of the longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle was determined after seven-day ageing under various modified atmosphere (MA) conditions (vacuum – group B; 40% CO2 + 60% N2 – group C; 30% CO2 + 70% Ar – group D) followed by freezing and frozen storage. The process of seven- day ageing in MA composed of 40% CO2 + 60% N2 significantly increased the colour lightness of the beef samples. Eight-month frozen storage increased colour lightness in the meat samples aged in MA composed of 30% CO2 + 70% Ar. Meat samples aged under various MA conditions had a higher contribution of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) than non-aged beef. Meat samples frozen after ageing in MA containing Ar had less redness than the samples from other groups. After frozen storage, meat samples from all groups had less redness and yellowness. Ageing and frozen storage had no significant effect on the juiciness of the beef. The beef aged in vacuum conditions was the most tender, both before and after frozen storage. Ageing had no significant influence on the shear force of meat samples evaluated before freezing. Meat samples aged in MA composed of 30% CO2 + 70% Ar evaluated after frozen storage had lower average shear force values than beef that had not been aged prior to freezing.
The influence of the addition of herbs to the summer diet of sheep on the yield of bundz rennet cheese and its nutritional value
Authors: Jarzynowska Anna , Peter Ewa
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out on samples of raw sheep milk and bundz rennet cheese produced from it. The milk was obtained from ewes of the Koluda prolific dairy breed, from June to August. The sheep were housed indoors and fed with alfalfa green forage and a mixture of concentrate feeds. Three groups were formed for the experiment: group I – control, fed without the addition of herbs to the concentrate feed, and groups II and III, in which an herb mixture was added to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day, respectively. Six experimental batches of bundz rennet cheese were made from the sheep milk, and the effect of the addition of herbs to the sheep diet on the chemical composition of the raw milk, the cheese yield, and its nutritional value was analysed. The results showed that the use of the herbal supplement in the feed of the Koluda prolific dairy sheep in summer had no effect on the chemical composition of the raw milk, and thus its value for processing, expressed as the yield of bundz rennet cheese. Moreover, there was no statistically confirmed influence of the experimental factor on the chemical composition of the cheese. Only a tendency towards lower fat content was noted in the group III cheese in comparison with groups I and II (by 6.5% and 8.0% respectively), which resulted in an improved protein-to-fat ratio (by 7.3% and 9.0% respectively) and lower energy value (by 3.6% and 5.2% respectively). We also noted a tendency towards higher mineral content (ash) in the cheese from groups II and III as compared to group I, by 8.7% and 13.0%, respectively However, these differences were not confirmed statistically, probably due to high intra-group variation in this feature (V% in groups I, II and III: 19.7, 33.7 and 46.1, respectively).
Dependence of physical characteristics of ejaculate of Polish Landrace boars on the time interval between successive ejaculate collections
Authors: Kondracki Stanisław , Iwanina Maria , Kowalewski Dariusz , Bajena Magdalena , Wysokińska Anna
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to determine the dependence of physical properties of boar ejaculates on the time interval between successive ejaculate collections. The material for the study comprised 1954 ejaculates collected manually from boars used for artificial insemination. For all ejaculates, the ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, percentage of motile spermatozoa, and number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate were determined, and the number of insemination doses per ejaculate was calculated. The boars’ suitability for artificial insemination was evaluated taking into account the effect of the time passed between ejaculate collections. The ejaculate volume and the concentration and number of sperm in the ejaculate were shown to increase with the time elapsed since the previous ejaculate. The number of insemination doses obtained per ejaculate increased as well. Ejaculates with a high sperm count were obtained when the ejaculation frequency was no more than every 4 days. The percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility increased with the time elapsed since the collection of the previous ejaculate, but only up to 4 days. Further decreases in ejaculation frequency no longer resulted in increased sperm motility.
Seasonality in the reproductive activity of male chinchillas on
a breeding farm in the climatic conditions of southern Poland
Authors: Szeleszczuk Olga , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Satoła Alicja
Published: December 2019

Farmed chinchillas continue to have very low fertility and prolificacy, although the reproductive
potential of females is much higher and can be exploited. An increasing number of studies deal with
the specific nature of reproduction in this species, with particular focus on female fertility. However,
there is a lack of analyses and studies of males. Therefore, this study has attempted to determine the
impact of the season of the year on the reproductive activity of male chinchillas and on the results of
their use for breeding in the period from January 1991 to December 1996. The analysis was conducted
on farmed animals on one of the largest farms in Poland. The farm was established in 1991 with an
initial foundation stock of about 150 females and 25 males. Breeding was based on animals imported
from a reputable farm in Germany, from which modern breeding technologies were adopted as well.
Polygamous breeding with 6 females per male is used. Sexual activity was varied between years.
Taking into account the entire foundation stock, an average of 8.15 litters and 14.77 pups were obtained
per male per year. Analysis of five selected males revealed higher values: the mean number of litters
ranged from 7.13 to 11.8 and the litter size ranged from 1.9 to 2.59. Thus, better utilization of males for
breeding is possible on chinchilla farms. The system of keeping a male with many females at the same
time enables strict selection of males.
Analiza kosztów funkcjonowania Diagnostyki Obrazowej i Radiologii Zabiegowej Górnośląskiego Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. Jana Pawła II w Katowicach
Authors: Świątek Władysław , Głowoc Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Odpowiednio zorganizowany system rachunkowości mogący dostarczać odpowiednich informacji o ponoszonych kosztach w podmiotach leczniczych jest podstawowym elementem umożliwiającym racjonalne podejmowanie optymalnych decyzji w zakresie ich działalności. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono system rachunkowości jako system informujący dostosowany do specyfiki podmiotu leczniczego. Przedstawiono propozycję grupowania kosztów pod względem zasobowym, co umożliwia odpowiednie zarządzanie i optymalizację kosztów podmiotów leczniczych. Dokonano analizy kosztów poniesionych w roku 2017 przez Zakład Diagnostyki Obrazowej i Radiologii Zabiegowej Górnośląskiego Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka im. Jana Pawła II w Katowicach przy zastosowaniu podejścia zasobowego.
Sustainable development of territories in the framework of smart initiatives
Authors: Zharova Liubov V.
Published: December 2019

XXX
Subklauzula 20.1 warunków kontraktowych FIDIC w świetle civil oraz common law
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2019

XXX
Globalizacja jako szansa rozowju dla regionu
Authors: Kucharczyk Krystian , Łajca Paweł
Published: December 2019

XXX
XXXX
Authors: Ostoj Jan
Published: December 2019

XXX
Rural areas of russia’s north-west borderland: problems and development paths
Authors: Kostyaev Аlexander I.
Published: December 2019

This article focuses on the rural areas of Russia’s North-West borderlands, particularly, the municipal districts and towns that are closest to the national border. The study aims to identify problems in the development of these territories and provide solutions to them. The methodological framework employed is the neo-endogenous approach, which suggests the maximal multifunctionality-driven use of internal resources, bottom-up initiatives supported by the authorities, extensive use of innovations, the Internet, and scientific knowledge. The study takes into account and assesses the heterogeneity of rural areas by producing a typology of districts built on the structure of agricultural production, using the Hall-Tideman index. The study used several indicators to identify the role and place of border districts in their respective regions. Three types of districts were distinguished according to the structure of agricultural production: districts dominated by agricultural organisations, districts dominated by small farms, and mixed-type districts. Cross-district differences in output dynamics were described. The socially essential functions of rural areas and the economic entities performing those functions were identified. The analysis of the recreational resources of border districts helped to determine the directions in which the transformation of rural areas into consumer spaces was moving. The major development trajectories of rural areas were plotted using the non-endogenous approach and differentiated by the district types. The rural areas of the North-West borderlands were confirmed to have a unique and diverse resource potential that is sufficient to ensure their sustainable development based on the non-endogenous approach.
Stakeholder approach to the implementation of the ‘third mission’ of universities
Authors: Klemeshev Andrey P. , Kudryashova Elena V. , Sorokin Sergey E.
Published: December 2019

The implementation of the ‘third mission’ by universities is a significant area of research that has been explored by many Russian and international experts. The ‘third mission’ means engaging with society. Alongside education and research, it is an important factor in the successful development of a contemporary university. In this article, we explore how stakeholder theory, which is successfully employed in the management of large organisations, may be applied for the development of mechanisms for effective implementation of the ‘third mission’ by universities. We identify the main problems in organising stakeholder interactions at Russian universities and analyse possible strategies to improve the situation. We use the examples of Polish, Swedish, and Russian universities to illustrate the practical aspects of interactions at different levels between universities and stakeholders., forms, and methods in the field. Further, we propose a classification of key stakeholders of universities, describe their mutual relations, interests, and resources available to them as well as reflect on stakeholder participation models in educational management. Our findings may contribute to better management at Russian educational institutions and benefit national education authorities.
In vivo Biochemical Evaluation of Some Synthesize Thiazole Derivatives Containing Coumarin Moiety as Antioxidant and Antitumor Agents
Authors: Z. Mohammed F. , A. A. Barakat Lamiaa , M. Gad Emad , M. Shetya N.
Published: December 2019

Background: Coumarin and thiazole derivatives have been used traditionally for many centuries. Because they have anti-tumor, antioxidant activities, and induced apoptosis.

Aim: The present study aims to investigate the in vivo antitumor, and antioxidant activities of potassium salt of 5-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-[(7-hydroxy coumarin-3-ylethylidene) acetyl hydrazine]-1,3 thiazole (5a) and 5-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-[(8-hydroxy coumarin-3-ylethylidene) acetyl hydrazine]-1,3 thiazole (5b).

Materials and Methods: Toxicity has been determined for the synthesized compound. Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied through the evaluation of tumor cell viability, lifespan prolongation and antioxidant estimation.

Results: Doses of up to 500 mg/kg showed good protection in 5a and 5b compounds. Results of in vivo anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells for the compounds studied showed a significant reduction in the volume and number of ascites. And increased in life span. In therapeutic and preventive groups, compounds 5a and 5b have anti-oxidant properties by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and significant increased catalase and GSH. Also, compounds 5a and 5b induced apoptosis by increase Caspase-3 and BCL-2 associated protein (BAX), Compared to the group of positive controls.

Conclusion: It was concluded that compounds 5a and 5b have a potent antitumor and antioxidant activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.
Total Enzyme-substrate Complex Which Includes Product-destined Enzyme-substrate Complex
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I.
Published: December 2019

Background: There is no much interest in the determination of total enzyme-substrate complex concentration ([ES]T) which includes undissociated ES that is unaccounted for unlike the usual ES destined for transformation into free enzyme and product or substrate. The reason is speculatively as a result of the lack of awareness of such possibility via sequestration.

Objectives: 1) To derive on the basis of both reverse – and standard – quasi-steady – state assumptions equations for the determination of [ES]T which is not restricted to the complex which dissociates to product/substrate and free enzyme and 2) quantitate the value of [ES]T.

Methods: A theoretical research and experimentation using Bernfeld method to determine velocities of amylolysis with which to calculate relevant parameters.

Results: The [EST] is < [E] ( i. e. [ET] - [ES]); [EST] decreased with increasing [ST] and increased with increasing concentration of enzyme [ET] while the velocity of amylolysis, v and maximum velocity of amylolysis, vmax expectedly increased with increasing [ET] and [ST].

Conclusion: The equations for the determination of the total enzyme-substrate complex, free enzyme without any complex formation before and after dissociation of enzyme-complex into product and/or substrate and free enzyme were derived. The difference, [ET] - [ES] is a heterogeneous mixture of undissociated ES and free enzyme without any complex formation. This is the case because [ES] which dissociates into product is only a part of the total enzyme-substrate complex. There is a continuous formation of ES during and at the expiry of the duration of assay as long as there is no total substrate depletion.
Effect of Oral Administration of Diclofenac Sodium on Coagulation Factors and Some Hematological Parameters in Wister Rats
Authors: Zorte Abraham , Esima Jonathan , Helen Waribo , O. Onwuli, Donatus
Published: December 2019

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug often obtainable as a prescription drug or over the counter. It is very effective in the control of inflammation and pain due to arthritis or pains arising following many disease conditions because of its antipyretic, anti inflammatory and analgesic potentials. Despite the beneficial effects of diclofenac sodium, it has been implicated in some adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of diclofenac sodium on some hematological (PCV, WBC differentials) and coagulation  (prothrombin  time,  activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count) parameters of albino Wister rats using the standard methods.  Twenty four Albino Wister rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats and grouped as control, acute study and chronic study. The rats were administered 0.2 mg of diclofenac sodium for 24 hours for acute and 3 weeks for chronic studies respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of PCV, WBC differentials, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count using the  standard  methods.  Results  show  that  acute  administration  of  diclofenac sodium  at  0.2 mg  has  no  effect  on  hematological  and  coagulation  parameters,  but chronic  administration  could  instigate  significant  reduction  in  PCV,  platelets  count, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.001), while there is a significant increase in PT, INR, lymphocytes  (p<0.001).  Considering these alterations, it is advisable that  this drug should be made a strictly prescription drug in order to prevent indiscriminate use of this medication and to prevent attendant anemia and coagulopathy that may follow chronic use.
Effects of Spacing and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Biomass Yield of Mechello Grass (Sorghum aethiopicum) under Rain Fed Condition in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrekidan Gebreslasie , Maru Gebrekiros Maru
Published: December 2019

Field study was conducted at Humera, Kebabo, Banat, Zerbabit, Division and Ruwasa, western zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia in 2018 under rain fed condition to determine effects of six nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 11.5, 23.0, 34.5, 46.0 and 57.5 kg Nha-1) applied in the form of urea and four spacing (30, 45, 60 and 75 cm) on growth and biomass yield of Mechello grass (Sorghum aethiopicum). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Data on dry matter yield (DMY, tonha-1), onset of flowering date (days), plant height (cm) and the number of tillers at harvest were recorded. A significant difference (p<0.001) due to nitrogen fertilizer was noted on DMY (tonha-1), onset of flowering date (days) and plant height (cm) at harvest. Similarly, spacing had a significant effect on DMY (p<0.001), plant height (p<0.002) and the number of tillers at harvest (p<0.001). Higher values on DMY and plant height at harvest were recorded at 23.0, 34.5, 46.0 and 57.5 kg N ha-1. Similarly, higher values of DMY and number of tillers at harvest were obtained from the denser (30 cm) and less dense (75 cm) spacing's, respectively. The study suggested that application of 23.0 kgNha-1 and 30 cm spacing improved biomass yield of Sorghum aethiopicum under rain fed condition and recommended to be implemented. Therefore, application of 23.0 kgNha-1 and 30cm spacing to boost biomass yield of Sorghum aethiopicum should be demonstrated and popularized in the study area and other similar agro-ecologies of the country.
Kenaf Morpho-physiological Variations and Response to Weed Pressure in Derived Savanna Agro-ecology of Nigeria
Authors: A. Aluko O. , B. Anjorin F.
Published: December 2019

Kenaf response to weed pressure depends on variations in morpho-physiological traits of genotypes. A study was conducted in Ibadan (7°38’ N 3°84’ E) Nigeria in the wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 to determine the response of kenaf genotypes to weed pressure. Twelve kenaf genotypes were planted in a conventionally prepared seedbed at 50 × 20 cm, in 5 x 5 m plot and arranged in an RCBD, replicated thrice. Initial weed flora composition revealed that Panicum maximum, Tithonia diversifolia, Mithracarpus viridis, Commelina spp, Aspilia africana, Tridax procumbens and Pennisetum purpureum were predominant in the experimental site. Kenaf plant height varied significantly and ranged from 30.53 cm to 59.73 cm and 60.67 to 76.80 cm at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Variation in plant height at 10 WAS did not follow the previous growth patterns in both years of the study. Stem girth at 10 WAS ranged from 1.26 cm (V1-400-2) to 1.47 cm (A-60-282) in 2014. In subsequent year, Tianung had 1.47 cm stem girth as the thinnest, while Cuba 108 had the thickest stem (1.70 cm). Ifeken 400 (56.90 cm) and Cuba 108 (53.57 cm) had the broadest canopy width in 2014 and 2015 respectively, while A2-60-28 (44.85 cm) and V1-400-2 (41.33 cm) had narrowest canopy width in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Genotypes had comparable fibre yield, possibly due to catch-up growth from 8 to 10 WAS. Ifeken 400 (480 kg/ha) and Ifeken DI400 (550 kg/ha) had the highest seed yield in 2014 and 2015 respectively. These were similar with seed yield in other genotypes except V1-400-2 (310 kg/ha) in 2014 and AC-313 (350 kg/ha) in 2015. However, seed yield reduction across genotypes ranged from 55 – 74%, with an average of 68% in both years when compared with the seed yield potentials of genotypes. Evidently, prolonged weed competition might have accounted for the seed yield deficit recorded in the study. Invariably, pre-emergence weed control only may not suffice for weed pressure in kenaf plot when seed production is of interest to the farmers. There was significant weed interference in plots sown to kenaf genotypes with low plant height and narrow canopy width. Consequently, high weed dry weight in V1-400-2 (66.39 g/m2; 89.39 g/m2) might be responsible for seed yield penalty in both years of the study. Whereas, Ifeken DI400 had the least weed dry weight (25.93 g/m2; 26.92 g/m2) and comparable seed yield with the maximum in both years of the study. Genotypic variations in morphological and physiological traits might be responsible for responses to weed interference and crop performance. Early expression of weed suppressive traits evidently influenced genotypes-weed interaction.
Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Extracts and Meal on Colour, Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Load of Broiler Meat
Authors: Bilikis Hammed Adenike , Kehinde Tella Azeez
Published: December 2019

Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the meat colour, physicochemical properties and microbial load of broiler meat fed Vernonia amygdalina extracts and meal.

Study Design: The experiment employed a complete randomized design; all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P=0.05.

Place and Duration of Study: The feeding trial of the study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria while meat quality attributes were evaluated at Animal Products and Processing Laboratory, Department of Animal Science of the same institution between June and September, 2016.

Methodology: Twelve 8 weeks old broiler chickens with an average weight of 2.5±0.2 kg used in this study were obtained from an experimental unit where they were assigned to four treatments. Treatment 1 and treatment 2 were offered Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract and ethanolic extract in drinking water respectively and leaf meal was added to the feed of treatment 3 in powdered form. Treatment 4 was offered water and feed without Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal or extracts. Meat produced from the carcass was refrigerated before being analyzed.

Results: The result revealed that supplementation of VA extract for T1 and T2 gave better meat physicochemical parameter compared to control. However, pH ranged from 5.51-5.87 and cooking loss (29.84 -37.19) were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatments. T2 (ethanolic extract) had the highest extract release volume. T1 (aqueous extract) had the highest meat swelling capacity (227.62) and water holding capacity (70.33). T3 (leaf meal) showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower lightness (L*) and yellowness b* while T1 (Aqueous extract) had higher redness (a*). Total viable count (TVC) of treatment 2 was significantly lower compared to others.

Conclusion: The result of these findings showed that the use of the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina in water was able to inhibit microbial load and improve physicochemical properties of fresh meat compared to aqueous extract and VA leaf meal.
Empirical Investigation of Capital Flight and Illicit Financial Flows, Economic Growth in Palestine
Authors: Badwan Nemer , Atta Mohammed
Published: December 2019

In the present study was to verify the relationship between capital flight and illicit financial flows, exhibiting the impact of stable economic growth in Palestine during the period (2009-2018). We also use models of the balance of payments of the State, the study results showed that the total illicit financial flows, about $14.42 million annually, 16.4% of GDP. In addition, through the application of the net omissions and style error in the balance of payments and expenditures, the total capital flight estimated at $26.61 million, 19.6% of GDP. The Granger causality test shows that economic growth granger causes both the illicit financial flows and the capital flight. The study also found that there is a negative and significant relationship between economic growth and capital flight. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between illicit financial flows and capital flight. We have examined theory (Granger) causality, which shows that economic growth causes all of the illegal financial flows and capital flight. The study showed also negative correlation and significant between economic growth and capital flight. Besides, it can be this relationship is negative between illicit financial flows and capital flight. This relationship can be detailed in this research. It seems this experimental investigation is also a strong relationship and engagement between capital flight and financial flows from the standpoint of their impact on economic growth in Palestine. It can be summarized in the study that the process of capital flows and capital flight represent an important role in raising the rate of economic recovery in the country and that the flow of capital within the state is one of the most important factors for national economic growth.
Intentions and Motivations of Entrepreneurship towards Sahid Institute of Tourism Students Who are Entrepreneurs
Authors: . Maryetti , Damanik Darmawan , Yenny Marya , X. Setiyo Wibowo F.
Published: December 2019

Aims: Knowing the intentions and motivations that affect students in doing entrepreneurship during college.

Study Design: Descriptive.

Place and Duration of Study: Sahid Institute of Tourism, Pondok Cabe, Tangerang, between February 2018 and July 2018.

Methodology: The resource persons were students of Sahid Institute of Tourism who already had businesses and numbered 18 people, consisting of 11 men and 7 women, with an average age of 21-29 years, from the hotels department of 12 persons and from tourism management majors 2 persons. They are 12 entrepreneurs in the food and beverage sector, 2 people in the entertainment sector, 1 person is an entrepreneur in the field of clothing. 2 persons in the field of tourist travel services and 1 person in the field of catfish seedlings. The research method used was the survey method using a questionnaire containing closed questions, then recapitulated and described and linked using the theory used. Questionnaire distributed online.

Results: Intentions that affect students to run a business during college is achieving better results than before, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose Achievement Needs. Whereas for Subjective Norm, respondents prefer family roles are 50%. Furthermore, in Self Efficacy, the most influential factor is self confidence, which is as much as 77.8% of respondents who choose. While for the demography factor, respondents prefer experience (family business background) and for the entrepreneurial intention factor, the line of business rather than working for others is the factor considered most influential by students in running their businesses. Motivation that encourages students to run a business during college is to have their own business to motivate ambition for freedom, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose, while for self-realization motivation is to implement ideas / innovate, which is 66.7% of respondents who choose. And the motivation for pushing factors is to get better income, which is 100%.

Conclusion: Linked to Theory Push and Pull Factors which states that "Push" Entrepreneurs are those who are dissatisfied with their positions, for reasons unrelated to their entrepreneurial characteristics, pushes them to start a venture. "Pull" entrepreneurs are those who are lured by their new venture idea and initiate venture activity because of the attractiveness of the business idea and its personal implications, so student entrepreneurs at Sahid Institute of Tourism are classified as 'Pull' entrepreneurs and according to Muller's research (1995) , reveals that "pull" entrepreneurs are more successful than "push" entrepreneurs.
Analysis of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) Semi-distributed Model Input Data for the Hydrological Simulation of the Lobo Water Reservoir (Central West of Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Koua T. J. J. , Kouassi K. H. , Anoh K. A.
Published: December 2019

This study aims to analyze the input data of the semi-distributed SWAT model that can be used as a hydrological study of the Lobo water reservoir. The adopted approach includes two major steps: The input data estimation and the watershed configuration. The estimation of input data consists in the collection and calculation of input data necessary for the watershed configuration. The input data collected and estimated were a digital elevation model (DEM), a soil map, soil physico-chemical parameters (grain size, K erodibility coefficient, exchangeable anions, soil density, organic carbon, soil electrical conductivity), a land cover map, information on agricultural practices and daily climate data (Temperature, Rainfall, Sunshine, Wind Speed ​​and Relative Humidity). The watershed configuration consisted of the extraction of watershed boundaries and watershed network, the integration of data, the calculation of hydrological response units (HRU) and the watershed configuration. The SWAT model permitted to extract a single type of soil for Lobo water reservoir watershed. The watershed has a dense drainage system which means that the area is heavily drained. The degraded forest occupies 37% of the watershed followed by agricultural land (30% of the territory). 213 HRU from 39 sub-watersheds were also obtained. These data are an indispensable tool for the hydrological simulation of the Lobo reservoir.
Assessment of Community’s Resilience to Flooding in the Flood-prone Areas of the Core Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Week D. A. , Wizor C. H. , Eludoyin O. S.
Published: December 2019

The study assessed the community’s resilience to flooding in the flood-prone areas of the Core Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. 790 respondents were selected using a multistage stratified sampling technique in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data. Findings showed that the level of community’s resilience to floods in the core Niger Delta included distribution of relief materials by community flood control committee (61.9%); helping flood control committee to effectively use the equipment to detect early flood warning (56.5%), the response committee effectively measured and assessed the extent and risk after every flood incident (52.1%), National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) or the State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) engaging members of the community flood control committee on capacity building on ways of mitigating flood menace (51.7%); and community constructing flood barks, drainage, dam, etc. in order to control or manage flood incidents (51.1%). The study revealed that the frequency (F=2.661, p<.05) and magnitude (F=1.355, p<.05) of flood determined its intensity in communities in the study area. The study recommended among others that communities should set up an efficient and effective flood control committee in order to effectively tackle the impacts of flood menace, including the Ministry of Agriculture enhancing the knowledge of local farmers in using new and improved inputs and techniques (i.e. smart agriculture) for planting crops that can be harvested before the flooding.