bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HSV-2 infection and HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions in a cohort of HPV-vaccinated women living with HIV
Authors: McClymont Elisabeth , Tan Darrell HS , Bondy Suraya , Albert Arianne , Coutlée François , Lee Marette , Walmsley Sharon , Ogilvie Gina , Money Deborah
Published: January 2023

Background

Several co-factors for HPV oncogenesis have been proposed, including co-infection with HSV-2. We assessed the relationship between HSV-2 infection and HPV-related outcomes in quadrivalent HPV-vaccinated (qHPV) women living with HIV (WLWH).

Methods

In this multi-site study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the qHPV vaccine in WLWH, visits took place at months −3, 0, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, and annually thereafter. Participants provided clinical data and cervico-vaginal swabs for HPV DNA detection; baseline serum was tested for HSV-2 type-specific antibodies. We used non-parametric statistics to compare HPV-related outcomes by HSV-2 serostatus and use of anti-HSV medication.

Results

151 baseline serum samples underwent HSV-2 testing. At baseline, median age was 39 years, median CD4 count was 500 cells/mm3, and 70% had an HIV viral load of <50 copies/mL. Baseline HSV-2 seroprevalence was 76.2%. HSV-2 seropositivity was associated with increased age ( p = 0.006). Controlling for age and median CD4 count, HSV-2 seropositivity was not associated with HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions. The use of anti-HSV medications was associated with higher odds of HSIL cytology (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.03,11.26) and a greater number of HPV types detected (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00,1.39). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses using an index value of 3.5. The presence of HSV lesions during the study was not associated with HPV outcomes.

Conclusions

HSV-2 seropositivity was common in this cohort of WLWH in Canada but was not associated with multiple measures of HPV incidence, persistence, and precancerous lesions. However, the use of anti-HSV medications was associated with HSIL cytology and number of HPV types detected.
The ‘Islamo-gauchiste threat’ as political nudge
Authors: Marlière Philippe
Published: January 2023

What is ‘islamo-gauchisme’? The word sparked heated debates in French academia and in public conversations in 2020–2021. This article endeavors to shed light on the origin of the notion, to look at its uses within and outside academia, and to reflect on the political ramifications of the controversy. Islamo-gauchisme is an unsubstantial notion which operates as political nudge in the public debate: it sounds sufficiently threatening and self-explanatory to be taken seriously. This study shows that the controversy on islamo-gauchisme has helped mainstream illiberal and right-wing policies, to make them plainly acceptable to the public.
What Affects Startup Acquisition in Emerging Economy? Evidence from India
Authors: Das Khanindra Ch.
Published: January 2023

Acquisitions of startup concern investors, cofounders, consumers, and competition watchdogs. With the rapid emergence of the startup ecosystem in India, the phenomenon of startup acquisitions has become noteworthy. In this article, startup exit through acquisition is examined using startup-specific data relating to funding, funding rounds, cofounders, brand name length, and gender of the cofounder. Startup exit is modelled through choice models on a sample of 903 startups. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the robustness check. The results suggest that venture capital funding increases the probability of acquisition. However, the number of funding rounds reduced the likelihood of acquisition significantly indicating that repeat funding has a positive impact on new venture continuity. There is a trade-off between the quantity and consistency of venture capital funding in affecting the likelihood of acquisition. The number of cofounders is associated with higher acquisition likelihood, and the brand name length had a negative impact on the probability of acquisition. Furthermore, there is a lower acquisition likelihood if the startup had a female cofounder. The findings bear implications for the quality of fundraising, startup team formation, branding, and women entrepreneurship.

JEL Codes: G24, G34
Design and characterization of a miniaturized low inertia and low viscous friction magnetorheological clutch using 3D metal printing for human-robot applications
Authors: Lhommeau Pierre , Lamy Mathieu , Plante Jean-Sébastien
Published: January 2023

Robotic actuators such as geared MR actuators must improve their torque capacities and reduce their size to increase system integration density. MR clutches are at the heart of geared MR actuators and conventional machining is a major hurdle to downsizing because it requires having close tolerance for machining and assembling a large number of small parts. This paper studies the potential of nested 3D printed MR clutches to improve the torque density of geared MR actuators at small scales. Nested 3D printed MR clutches are multi-disk MR clutches where the rotor and stator are fabricated simultaneously on a single 3D print. A prototype is designed, built, tested and compared to similar conventionally made MR clutches. The prototype weighs 84 g and can transmit a maximum torque of 0.88 N.m. The fabrication process is fast and simple, and the performance levels well surpass those of comparable machined MR clutches. The manufactured prototype doubles the torque density and multiply respectively by 4 and by 10 the torque-to-inertia and torque-to-viscosity ratios compared to equivalent machined MR clutches. Results show that nested 3D printing of MR clutches is an effective manufacturing process and opens the door to a new generation of high-performance mechanical transducer.
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 2: treatment, complications and outcomes
Authors: Häußler Thomas C , Kornmayer Matthias , Scheich Miriam , Fischer Andreas , Feichtenschlager Christian J , Rohwedder Thomas
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aims of the second part of this retrospective multicentre study were to describe the surgical techniques used in the treatment of common calcaneal tendon (CCT) injuries, and evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes and complications.

Methods

The medical records of five different small animal referral centres and veterinary teaching hospitals between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Surgical vs conservative treatment was evaluated. Treatment type, type of postoperative immobilisation, and short- and long-term outcomes and complications were recorded. Minor complications were defined as not requiring surgical intervention. Long-term outcome was evaluated by an owner questionnaire.

Results

Sixty-six cats met the inclusion criteria. Mean time to surgery was 9.6 days (range 0–185). Most cats (83.3%) were treated surgically. Regardless of treatment modality, all limbs were immobilised for a mean time of 48.2 days (range 2–98). For 63 cats that had the temporary tarsal joint immobilisation technique recorded, a transarticular external skeletal fixator (ESF; 57.1%) or a calcaneotibial screw (33.3%) were used most commonly. The method of immobilisation had a notable, although non-significant, influence on the occurrence of short-term complications, with most complications being reported for the transarticular ESF group. The total short-term complication rate was 41.3%, the minor complication rate was 33.3% and the major complication rate was 7.9%, with pin tract infections being the most commonly occurring minor complication. Three cats (6%) had a total of four major complications over the long term. Most cats (86%) were free of lameness at the long-term evaluation, with an overall successful clinical long-term outcome of 84.9%, according to the owner questionnaire. Cats with traumatic injuries and injuries treated surgically had higher questionnaire scores than those with atraumatic injuries and those treated conservatively.

Conclusions and relevance

Outcome was generally good in cats with CCT injury, irrespective of the type of treatment. Complications included a high proportion of minor complications associated with the technique of tarsal joint immobilisation. ESF frames were more commonly involved in complications than other techniques. Surgically treated cats had a slightly better long-term outcomes.
Retrospective multicentre evaluation of common calcaneal tendon injuries in 66 cats. Part 1: study population, injury specification and classification
Authors: Häußler Thomas C , Kornmayer Matthias , Scheich Miriam , Fischer Andreas , Feichtenschlager Christian J , Rohwedder Thomas
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The objective of the first part of this retrospective multicentre study was to identify and classify common calcaneal tendon (CCT) injuries in a study population of 66 cats.

Methods

The medical records of five different small animal referral centres and veterinary teaching hospitals between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. In addition to patient-specific data, CCT injuries were characterised in detail. Diagnostic modalities and further comorbidities were recorded.

Results

Sixty-six cats met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the cats was 7.5 years (range 0.5–16.3) and their mean body weight (BW) was 4.6 kg (range 1.5–9.0). Thirty-four spayed females (51.5%), five intact females (7.6%) and 27 castrated males (40.9%) were included. Most cases involved closed injuries of the CCT (69.7%). Twenty-one of 46 cats had closed atraumatic injuries (45.7%). Open injuries (30.3%) were most commonly lacerations (65%). Twenty-one injuries were classified as atraumatic (31.8%), whereas 25 were traumatic (37.9%). With every year of age, the odds of having an atraumatic injury increased by a factor of 1.021. Cats with atraumatic injuries had a higher mean BW than cats with traumatic injuries, but the difference was not statistically significant. Acute injuries were recorded in 40.9% of cases, whereas 51.5% of cats had a subacute CCT injury and 7.6% had chronic lesions. Most acute lesions were Meutstege type I injuries (55.6%). Subacute and chronic lesions were more commonly Meutstege type IIc injuries (58.8% and 60%, respectively). Considering all CCT injuries, a Meutstege type IIc injury was most common (53%).

Conclusions and relevance

The most common type of injury was Meutstege type IIc. Cats with atraumatic injuries had a higher mean BW than cats with traumatic injuries, but the difference was not statistically significant. Older cats more commonly presented with atraumatic CCT injuries.
A Comprehensive Review of Atmospheric Air Pollutants Assessment Around Landfill Sites
Authors: Salami Lukumon , Popoola Lekan Taofeek
Published: January 2023

Air pollutants generated as a result of operations of landfill sites pose a threat not only the environment but also to human life. This work focuses on comprehensive review of atmospheric air pollutants around landfill sites with a view of identifying areas where future studies can be conducted. Environmental and health effects of air pollutants within the vicinity of landfill sites and the ways of minimizing the level of the air pollutants were presented. Previous works carried out by scholars for the past two decades were critically examined. Mathematical models for prediction of gaseous pollutants for landfill sites and assessment of human health risk due of inhalation of poisonous gases from landfill sites were discussed. Amongst conclusions made were: (1) Further studies on health impacts of particulate matters (PMs) within the vicinity of landfill sites should focus on low-income countries (LIC) especially in Nigeria which has been perceived as the capital poverty of the world. (2) Developing countries have not been practicing Circular Municipal Solid Waste Management System (CMSW) due to some militating factors hence further works should look into how the militating factors can be surmounted and provide way forward for the implementation of CMSW in developing countries. (3) More works still need to be conducted especially in temperate region to mechanistically explain the positive correlation between PMs and Coronavirus disease. (4) Future works should dive into the cost and economic implications of assessing atmospheric air pollutants within the vicinity of landfill sites for policy making decisions.
One Patient With 4 Different Primary Cancers: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Dung Thi , Nguyen Lan Mai , Phan Thang Le , Bui Quang Vinh
Published: January 2023

Background:

The development of medicine, especially in oncology, has been helping prolong the cancer patients’ survival, but also leads to increasing the possibility of getting multiple cancers. However, the possibility of getting 4 primary cancers in 4 different sites is extremely rare.

Case presentation:

A 63-year-old female patient was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2018, and then with right colon cancer in 2019. In 2020, this patient was diagnosed with left renal pelvis cancer, and most recently, in April 2022, she was hospitalized with bladder cancer diagnosis. Thanks to being closely and regularly followed-up, her malignancies had been detected early and treated suitably. Her health remains stable now and she is under following-up.

Conclusion:

Even though developing another primary cancer in a cancer survivor is not uncommon now and has the tendency to increase, a patient having 4 primary cancers in 4 different sites is still extremely rare and should be noticed, further followed up and investigated. Cancer patients and survivors need to be followed-up regularly, to early detect not only the progression or recurrence but also the second cancer (if it exists), to get timely and suitable treatment.
How do attention-shift and foreign language anxiety interact with objective and subjective measures of fluency?
Authors: Simard Daphnée , Zuniga Michael , Hameau Florian
Published: January 2023

The present study investigated whether a distinct link exists between attention-shift, foreign language anxiety (FLA) and both a subjective and an objective measure of oral fluency. Participants were 34 French first language (L1) English second language (L2) speakers. Oral production data were collected through a picture-cued narration task and analysed using both oral fluency measures. We used a measure of attention-shift capacity and a measure of FLA. Results first show strong correlations between both fluency measures. Additionally, both measures of fluency were negatively correlated with FLA and attention-shift. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that only the subjective measure was explained by both attention-shift capacity and FLA, the objective one only being explained by FLA. The results suggest that subjective measures, while highly correlated with objective ones, may detect qualities of oral fluency not detected by objective measures.
An activity theory perspective on Vietnamese preservice English teachers’ identity construction in relation to tensions, emotion and agency
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hue , Ngo Xuan Minh
Published: January 2023

This study examined the professional becoming activities of three final-year Vietnamese preservice teachers (PSTs) of English across the past, present and (imagined) future in different contexts. The study used narrative data from narrative frames and individual interviews and drew on third-generation cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) to explore the participants’ language teacher identity construction in relation to the tensions they experienced in these activities and the ways in which they responded to the tensions emotionally and agentively. The findings from activity system analysis and thematic analysis suggested that tensions, emotion, agency and identity existed in unity as tensions triggered emotions that motivated attempts to resolve tensions and construct language teacher identity. Identity, in turn, guided the participants’ efforts in addressing the tensions and emotions. We discuss theoretical implications including a model of language teachers’ professional becoming that is grounded in the relationships among tensions–emotion–agency–identity and pedagogical implications for mediating language teacher identity development.
Australian airway clearance services for adults with chronic lung conditions: A national survey
Authors: Cooper Laura , Johnston Kylie , Williams Marie
Published: January 2023

Background

Physiotherapy-led airway clearance interventions are indicated for some people with chronic lung conditions. This study describes Australian clinical models for the provision of adult airway clearance services.

Methods

This cross-sectional national study recruited public and private health care providers (excluding cystic fibrosis-specific services) identified by a review of websites. Providers were invited to complete an electronic 61-item survey with questions about airway clearance service context, referral demographics, service provision and program metrics. Data were reported descriptively with differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan services explored with chi-square tests.

Results

Between October-December 2019, the survey was disseminated to 131 providers with 91 responses received (69% response rate; 87 (96%) public (34 metropolitan; 53 non-metropolitan) and 4 (4%) private). Intent (chronic condition self-management) and types of intervention provided (education, breathing techniques, exercise prescription) were common across all services. Geographic location was associated with differences in airway clearance service models (greater use of regular clinics, telephone/telehealth consultations and dedicated cardiorespiratory physiotherapists in metropolitan locations versus clients incurring service and device provision costs in non-metropolitan regions).

Conclusions

While similarities in airway clearance interventions exist, differences in service models may disadvantage people living with chronic lung conditions, especially in non-metropolitan regions of Australia.
A Community Participatory Approach to Creating Contextually Tailored mHealth Notifications: myBPmyLife Project
Authors: Hellem Abby Katherine , Casetti Amanda , Bowie Kaitlyn , Golbus Jessica R. , Merid Beza , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Dorsch Michael P. , Newman Mark W. , Skolarus Lesli
Published: January 2023

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) are a novel approach to mobile health (mHealth) interventions, sending contextually tailored behavior change notifications to participants when they are more likely to engage, determined by data from wearable devices. We describe a community participatory approach to JITAI notification development for the myBPmyLife Project, a JITAI focused on decreasing sodium consumption and increasing physical activity to reduce blood pressure. Eighty-six participants were interviewed, 50 at a federally qualified health center (FQHC) and 36 at a university clinic. Participants were asked to provide encouraging physical activity and low-sodium diet notifications and provided feedback on researcher-generated notifications to inform revisions. Participant notifications were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach. Participants noted challenging vocabulary, phrasing, and culturally incongruent suggestions in some of the researcher-generated notifications. Community-generated notifications were more direct, used colloquial language, and contained themes of grace. The FQHC participants’ notifications expressed more compassion, religiosity, and addressed health-related social needs. University clinic participants’ notifications frequently focused on office environments. In summary, our participatory approach to notification development embedded a distinctive community voice within our notifications. Our approach may be generalizable to other communities and serve as a model to create tailored mHealth notifications to their focus population.
Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelin-1 in serum levels as novel indicators for predicting the progression of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chu Wei , Ma Lin-Lin , Li Bin-Xian , Li Ming-Cheng
Published: January 2023

Objective: Early diagnosis and intervention of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is necessary to optimize therapy in order to delay the progression of diabetes. This research aimed to reveal the change of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in patients with DN, and to assess possible correlations with glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) values. Methods: The present study was a retrospective, single-center study conducted at a teaching hospital in the northeast China. A total of 120 patients were divided into proteinuria-positive group ( n = 40), the microalbuminuria group ( n = 40), and the high proteinuria group ( n = 40) according to the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), and 40 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. The levels of VEGF, ET-1 and HbA1c were measured in all subjects and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to classify and reveal correlations between VEGF, ET-1 and HbA1c. Results: Compared to the control group, a significant difference in the increase of HbA1c was detected in group I, II and III. A significant increase in the concentrations of serum VEGF and ET-1 was also observed. HbA1c in DN patients had proven to be positively correlated with VEGF (r = 0.7941; p < 0. 0001) and ET-1 (r = 0.8504; p < 0.0001) respectively. Conclusion: The elevated levels of VEGF and ET-1 in serum have been proposed as being able to supplement the additional information about the progression of DN. These data suggest that the decrease in endothelial function may be related to poor glycemic control.
Asymmetrical discursive competition: China–United States digital diplomacy in Africa
Authors: Repnikova Maria , Chen Keyu Alexander
Published: January 2023

This article examines China–US competition for narratives by analyzing whether and how Chinese and American diplomats engage each other in routine diplomatic outreach to African audiences on Twitter. Drawing on case studies of Kenya and South Africa, our study uncovers “asymmetrical discursive competition”—Chinese diplomatic accounts selectively launch discursive attacks (both defensive and offensive) on the United States, while the US diplomatic accounts tend to ignore China. We further find that in invoking the United States, Chinese diplomats largely bypass Africa and African issues, and instead, focus on contesting larger claims about China's legitimacy.
The exodus memory community: Leveraging oral history records to understand collected memories of violence
Authors: Martell Allan A
Published: January 2023

Memories about historical episodes of violence are a window not only into experiences of people’s past struggles but also about their aspirations for the future. In this article, I focus on memories about the armed conflict in El Salvador (1980–1992) to better understand how sets of individual recollections reveal collected patterns in the narrative arcs of those who personally lived through the conflict. In so doing, I aim to expand prior works that have explored communities of memory in El Salvador. To accomplish this goal, I rely on an oral history archive. Using a grounded theory approach, I investigate how people in a rural community in northern El Salvador remember the armed conflict, how their collected memories compare with prior research about life stories of former members of the guerrilla movement and the armed forces, and finally, how oral histories contribute to a scholarly understanding of social memories of violence. I find that, within this archive, people’s recollections of the armed conflict can be organized around four themes: (1) community organizing, (2) repression, (3) exile, and (4) reconstruction. I suggest that the metaphor of the exodus serves to understand how individuals from this region remember the armed conflict. I argue that the exodus memory community reveals the importance of acts of everyday resistance to state repression, sheds light on how noncombatants remember the conflict, and suggests a larger and ongoing trajectory to community organizing in which the war is an important chapter, but not the only one.
Diabetes Technology Meeting 2022
Authors: Huang Jingtong , Yeung Andrea M. , DuBord Ashley Y. , Wolpert Howard , Jacobs Peter G. , Lee Wei-An , Drincic Andjela , Spanakis Elias K. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Prahalad Priya , Fleming Alexander , Hsiao Victoria C. , Kompala Tejaswi , Lal Rayhan A. , Fayfman Maya , Ginsberg Barry H. , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Stuhr Andreas , Chase J. Geoffrey , Najafi Bijan , Masharani Umesh , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Klonoff David C.
Published: January 2023

Diabetes Technology Society hosted its annual Diabetes Technology Meeting from November 3 to November 5, 2022. Meeting topics included (1) the measurement of glucose, insulin, and ketones; (2) virtual diabetes care; (3) metrics for managing diabetes and predicting outcomes; (4) integration of continuous glucose monitor data into the electronic health record; (5) regulation of diabetes technology; (6) digital health to nudge behavior; (7) estimating carbohydrates; (8) fully automated insulin delivery systems; (9) hypoglycemia; (10) novel insulins; (11) insulin delivery; (12) on-body sensors; (13) continuous glucose monitoring; (14) diabetic foot ulcers; (15) the environmental impact of diabetes technology; and (16) spinal cord stimulation for painful diabetic neuropathy. A live demonstration of a device that can allow for the recycling of used insulin pens was also presented.
The power of co-optation: The party, political capital, and the development of grassroots non-governmental organizations
Authors: Li Shuoyan
Published: January 2023

In recent years, a growing number of publications has focused on the state–non-governmental organization relationship in China. However, most of these studies regard the state as “the government” and neglect the role of the Communist Party of China, a key player, in shaping the state–non-governmental organization relationship, as well as the difference between the government and the Communist Party of China. As the ruling party, the Communist Party of China exercises a tremendous influence over people's daily life. Current studies indicate that the government tends to use a strategy of categorization to control non-governmental organizations. What remains unclear, however, is whether the Party has a different impact on non-governmental organizations compared to the government and how it influences the relationship between the government and these organizations. This paper examines the emerging role of the Party since the policy implementation of “Strengthening the Party Organization in NGOs” in 2015, which requires all non-governmental organizations to establish Communist Party of China branch units. Two grassroots environmental non-governmental organizations were selected for the comparative case study of this paper, to examine the different mechanisms whereby the Party impacts such organizations. The findings indicate that only the Party is able to co-opt the leaders of non-governmental organizations and give them political credentials and capital that help to expand these organizations’ social networks and create a hospitable regulative environment for growth. The findings suggest that a close tie with the state does not necessarily mean a loss of autonomy. This study is by no means a comprehensive discussion of the impact of the Party on non-governmental organizations, and further research is needed to study the actual impact of this relationship on public governance.
Relational coding: Enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of grounded theory research
Authors: Rawhani Carmel
Published: January 2023

Grounded theory practitioners are undoubtedly familiar with critiques of their research which problematise its lack of transparency and, subsequently, trustworthiness. While the literature on grounded theory already benefits from numerous varying guides on ‘how to do grounded theory’, comparatively less instruction exists around how to do it clearly and convincingly. One of the elements of the grounded theory methodology (GT) which appears to be impacted most by confusion around transparent writeup is coding, naturally leading to the theoretical outputs thereof suffering from questionable trustworthiness. Through the course of my own postgraduate research, I developed a tool which not only makes coding more transparent to the reader, but to the researcher themselves. This tool, Relational Coding, highlights the relationships between codes which form the foundation of theory, and reveals them more obviously to the reader and researcher alike. Rather than ‘a how to guide to GT’, this is a ‘how to show you have actually done GT’ tool. This allows for stronger arguments to be built from the theory which this methodology builds due to the trustworthiness inspired by enhanced transparency. Here I demonstrate its usefulness and applicability, as well as key shortcomings which may be addressed by fellow grounded theory enthusiasts as the tool is inherently organic and modifiable.
A Busted Sac: A Case of Spontaneous Bladder Rupture Secondary to Acute Urinary Retention in a Healthy Middle-Aged Male
Authors: Perdoncin Maddie , Ezeh Ebubechukwu , Ugonabo Onyinye , Robertson Roger , Gilkerson Christine
Published: January 2023

Spontaneous bladder rupture is a relatively rare medical emergency that can be easily misdiagnosed. Although spontaneous bladder rupture is more common in those with previously diagnosed bladder conditions, this phenomenon may also occur in patients with an otherwise insignificant past medical history. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to avoid fatal complications. Here, we present a 49-year-old male with insignificant past medical history who was diagnosed with spontaneous bladder rupture after the attempted placement of a Foley catheter.
Sex-Specific Differences in Hip Muscle Cross-sectional Area and Fatty Infiltration in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Douma Mirjam V. , Casartelli Nicola C. , Sutter Reto , Leunig Michael , Maffiuletti Nicola A.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) show sex-specific differences in hip muscle function, hip morphology, and symptoms. Possible differences in hip muscle characteristics between men and women with FAIS are unknown.

Purpose:

To compare hip muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fatty infiltration between men and women with FAIS and investigate possible associations with patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed preoperative axial pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans of 104 patients (54 women) who underwent hip surgery for FAIS. The main outcome measures were side-to-side percentage asymmetry in hip muscle CSA and involved-side fatty infiltration as measured with the Goutallier scale for a total of 10 hip muscles. Patient-reported outcomes included duration of hip symptoms, iHOT-12 (12-item International Hip Outcome Tool), and Hip Sports Activity Scale.

Results:

Women showed larger hip abductor muscle CSA asymmetry than men ( P = .018), particularly for the gluteus medius ( P = .049), while men exhibited more fatty streaks (grade 1) in the gluteus medius ( P = .015) than women. Duration of symptoms was associated only with fatty infiltration of obturator externus in men ( r S = –0.55, P = .018). iHOT-12 was associated with CSA asymmetry of the gluteus minimus ( r = –0.41, P = .011) and iliopsoas ( r = –0.36, P = .028) in men and with piriformis fatty infiltration ( r S = –0.56, P = .030) in women. The Hip Sports Activity Scale was associated with iliopsoas CSA asymmetry ( r S = 0.32, P = .026) and with fatty infiltration of the tensor fasciae latae ( r S = –0.45, P = .046) and obturator externus ( r S = –0.50, P = .023) in women.

Conclusion:

Patients with FAIS demonstrated few sex-specific quantitative and qualitative alterations of hip muscles. Women showed greater hip abductor muscle atrophy than men, particularly for the gluteus medius, while men showed a higher degree of fatty infiltration in this same muscle. The duration of hip symptoms was not associated with muscle atrophy. Patient-reported hip pain/function and sport activity level were only moderately associated with isolated muscular variables.
An Examination of Discrimination on Stress, Depression, and Oppression-Based Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Racial Awakening of 2020
Authors: De Leon Ardhys N. , Woerner Jacqueline , Dvorak Robert D. , Cox Jonathan , Magri Tatiana D. , Hayden Emma R. , Ahuja Manik , Haeny Angela M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Discrimination is a pervasive societal issue that monumentally impacts people of color (POC). Many Black, Asian, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals report experiencing race-based discrimination in their lifetime. Discrimination has previously been linked to adverse health outcomes among POC, including stress, depressive, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. These health disparities are posited to have become exacerbated by COVID-19 and the racial awakening of 2020. The current study examined the short- and long-term effects of discrimination on stress, depression, and oppression-based trauma among POC.

Methods

Participants were (n = 398) who identified as Black, Indigenous, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian completed an online self-report survey assessing discrimination, depression, stress, and oppression-based trauma collected at 3 time points: (T1) beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020), (T2) 6 weeks later during the racial awakening of 2020 (June 2020), (T3) one year later (June 2021).

Results

Significant positive paths were revealed from T1 discrimination to T2 depression, T2 stress, and T3 oppression-based trauma. The association between T1 discrimination and T3 oppression-based trauma was partially mediated by T2 depression, but not by stress; total and total indirect effects remained significant. The final model accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in T3 oppression-based trauma, T2 depression, and T2 stress.

Conclusion

Findings are consistent with prior research linking discriminatory experiences with mental health symptomatology and provide evidence that race-based discrimination poses harmful short-and long-term mental health consequences. Further research is necessary to better understand oppression-based trauma to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment of POC.
Radiocapitellar Arthroplasty: Systematic Review
Authors: Momtaz David , Ahmad Farhan , Cushing Tucker , Gonuguntla Rishi , Ghali Abdullah , Jabin Mohamad , Miggins John , Khalafallah Youssef , Mitchell Scott
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Primary elbow osteoarthritis affects approximately 2% of the population, and has been treated with arthroplasty. However, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) implants currently have severe weight limitations and issues with longevity. In patients with unicompartmental arthritis, unicompartmental arthroplasty may be used instead of TEA. We describe the use of Uni-Elbow Radio-Capitellum and Lateral Resurfacing Elbow for radiocapitellar arthroplasty (RCA) in this article.

Methods

Reviewers independently searched databases for keywords, such as radiocapitellar arthroplasty, RCA, uni-elbow radiocapitellum, UNI-E, and lateral resurfacing elbow, LRE. The measured outcomes of interest were the change in motion arc and patient-reported outcome scores. Studies that were not of appropriate quality determined by the Cochrane risk of bias summary tool and review studies were excluded.

Results

RCA resulted in a postoperative 38.3° ± 28.5° increase in elbow flexion-extension ( P < .001), and 35.2° ± 28.6° increase in elbow pronation-supination ( P < .001). Mayo Elbow Performance Score was significantly increased by 44.8 ± 12.6. DASH Score saw a significant reduction by 45.0 ± 14.6 points ( P < .001), while the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score increased by 47.0 ± 10.6 points ( P < .001). Of the 105 adult patients 16.2% experienced complications such as minor stiffness, ulnar neuropathy, component loosening, or radial head UNI-E stem failure. Reported complications were higher in the UNI-E group than in the LRE group.

Conclusion

RCA has shown promise as an option to treat radiocapitellar arthritis, particularly when excising the radial head causes lateral column instability.
Diabetes-Related Quality of Life: Learning From Individuals Making Lifestyle Changes to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control
Authors: Fishman Sarah R. , Fernandez Galvis Maria A. , Linnell Jill , Iribarren Pia , Jonas Victoria H. , Gittleman Jennifer M. , Tanenbaum Molly , Scherer Maya , Weiss Linda , Walker Elizabeth A. , Crespo-Ramos Gladys , Hoogendoorn Claire J. , Pham-Singer Hang , Wu Winfred Y. , Gonzalez Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore how treatment adherence and lifestyle changes required for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are related to quality of life (QoL) among predominantly ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged adults engaged in making changes to improve T2D self-management.

Methods:

Adults with T2D in New York City were recruited for the parent study based on recent A1C (≥7.5%) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 arms, receiving educational materials and additional self-management support calls, respectively. Substudy participants were recruited from both arms after study completion. Participants (N = 50; 62% Spanish speaking) were interviewed by phone using a semistructured guide and were asked to define QoL and share ways that T2D, treatment, self-management, and study participation influenced their QoL. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

QoL was described as a multidimensional health-related construct with detracting and enhancing factors related to T2D. Detracting factors included financial strain, symptom progression and burden, perceived necessity to change cultural and lifestyle traditions, and dietary and medical limitations. Enhancing factors included social support, diabetes education, health behavior change, sociocultural connection.

Conclusion:

QoL for diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged adults with T2D is multifaceted and includes aspects of health, independence, social support, culture, and lifestyle, which may not be captured by existing QoL measures. Findings may inform the development of a novel QoL measure for T2D.
Ground-motion model for the standardized version of cumulative absolute velocity
Authors: Campbell Kenneth W , Bozorgnia Yousef
Published: January 2023

After publishing its original definition of cumulative absolute velocity ( CAV), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) proposed a standardized version of CAV that it recommended is a better indicator of damage to structures of good design and construction than CAV. We refer to this intensity measure (IM) as CAVSTD. EPRI proposed 0.16  g-s (1.57 m/s) as the threshold value of CAVSTD that corresponds to the onset of damage to structures of good design and construction. Although this damage threshold was conservatively applied to nuclear power plants, its development using recordings from sites subjected to MMI VII shaking suggests that it is appropriate for civil structures. In 2011, we developed a ground-motion model (GMM) for the version of CAVSTD that was adopted by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission for determining when a nuclear power plant must be shut down for inspection after an earthquake, which we called CAVDP. In this study, we develop a GMM for CAVSTD conditioned on values of CAV and peak ground acceleration ( PGA) using an extensive database of recordings compiled for the NGA-West2 project. We demonstrate how the conditional GMM developed in this study can be used together with predicted values of CAV and PGA to provide unconditional estimates of CAVSTD and its standard deviations when values of these IMs are unknown.
Mechanisms of response and resistance to combined decitabine and ipilimumab for advanced myeloid disease
Authors: Penter Livius , Liu Yang , Wolff Jacquelyn O. , Yang Lin , Taing Len , Jhaveri Aashna , Southard Jackson , Patel Manishkumar , Cullen Nicole M. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Cieri Nicoletta , Oliveira Giacomo , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Ranasinghe Srinika , Leonard Rebecca , Robertson Taylor , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Chen Helen X. , Song Minkyung H. , Thurin Magdalena , Li Shuqiang , Rodig Scott J. , Cibulskis Carrie , Gabriel Stacey , Bachireddy Pavan , Ritz Jerome , Streicher Howard , Neuberg Donna S. , Hodi F. Stephen , Davids Matthew S. , Gnjatic Sacha , Livak Kenneth J. , Altreuter Jennifer , Michor Franziska , Soiffer Robert J. , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Wu Catherine J.
Published: January 2023

The challenge of eradicating leukemia in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after initial cytoreduction has motivated modern efforts to combine synergistic active modalities including immunotherapy. Recently, the ETCTN/CTEP 10026 study tested the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine together with the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for AML/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) either after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or in the HSCT-naïve setting. Integrative transcriptome-based analysis of 304 961 individual marrow-infiltrating cells for 18 of 48 subjects treated on study revealed the strong association of response with a high baseline ratio of T to AML cells. Clinical responses were predominantly driven by decitabine-induced cytoreduction. Evidence of immune activation was only apparent after ipilimumab exposure, which altered CD4+ T-cell gene expression, in line with ongoing T-cell differentiation and increased frequency of marrow-infiltrating regulatory T cells. For post-HSCT samples, relapse could be attributed to insufficient clearing of malignant clones in progenitor cell populations. In contrast to AML/MDS bone marrow, the transcriptomes of leukemia cutis samples from patients with durable remission after ipilimumab monotherapy showed evidence of increased infiltration with antigen-experienced resident memory T cells and higher expression of CTLA-4 and FOXP3. Altogether, activity of combined decitabine and ipilimumab is impacted by cellular expression states within the microenvironmental niche of leukemic cells. The inadequate elimination of leukemic progenitors mandates urgent development of novel approaches for targeting these cell populations to generate long-lasting responses. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02890329.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art for 2023
Authors: Podolanczuk Anna J. , Thomson Carey C. , Remy-Jardin Martine , Richeldi Luca , Martinez Fernando J. , Kolb Martin , Raghu Ganesh
Published: January 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease characterised by worsening respiratory symptoms and physiological impairment. Increasing awareness of the clinical manifestations of IPF, more widespread use of computed tomography scans and other potential factors have contributed to a rising prevalence of IPF over the last two decades, especially among people over the age of 65 years. Significant advances in the understanding of the pathobiology of IPF have emerged, and multiple genetic and nongenetic contributors have been identified. The individual patient course and the rate of disease progression in IPF are often unpredictable and heterogeneous. The rate of lung function decline is further modified by treatment with antifibrotic therapies, which have been shown to slow down disease progression. The presence of comorbid conditions may increase symptom burden and impact survival. Clinical monitoring at regular intervals to assess for disease progression by worsening symptoms, physiological parameters and/or radiological features is essential to assess the natural disease course and to guide further management, including prompt detection of complications and comorbid conditions that warrant additional treatment considerations, and timely consideration of referral to palliative care and lung transplantation for the appropriate patient. More studies are needed to determine whether early detection of IPF might improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this concise clinical review is to provide an update on IPF diagnosis, epidemiology, natural history and treatment in the context of new knowledge and latest clinical practice guidelines.
Clinical characteristics and positive airway pressure adherence among elderly European sleep apnoea patients from the ESADA cohort
Authors: Lammintausta Aino , Anttalainen Ulla , Basoglu Özen K. , Bonsignore Maria R. , Gouveris Haralampos , Grote Ludger , Hedner Jan , Ludka Ondrej , Mihaicuta Stefan , Pataka Athanasia , Trakada Georgia , van Zeller Mafalda , Saaresranta Tarja
Published: January 2023

Background

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is growing as the population is ageing. However, data on the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with OSA and their adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment are scarce.

Methods

Data from 23 418 30–79-year-old OSA patients prospectively collected into the ESADA database during 2007–2019 were analysed. Information on PAP use (h·day−1) in association with a first follow-up visit was available for 6547 patients. The data was analysed according to 10-year age groups.

Results

The oldest age group was less obese, less sleepy and had a lower apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) compared with middle-aged patients. The insomnia phenotype of OSA was more prevalent in the oldest age group than in the middle-aged group (36%, 95% CI 34–38versus26%, 95% CI 24–27, p<0.001). The 70–79-year-old group adhered to PAP therapy equally well as the younger age groups with a mean PAP use of 5.59 h·day−1(95% CI 5.44–5.75). PAP adherence did not differ between clinical phenotypes based on subjective daytime sleepiness and sleep complaints suggestive of insomnia in the oldest age group. A higher score on the Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) scale predicted poorer PAP adherence.

Conclusion

The elderly patient group was less obese, less sleepy, had more insomnia symptoms and less severe OSA, but were rated to be more ill compared with the middle-aged patients. Elderly patients with OSA adhered to PAP therapy equally well as middle-aged patients. Low global functioning (measured by CGI-S) in the elderly patient predicted poorer PAP adherence.
ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly
Authors: Valentin Simon , Lopez Padilla Daniel , Nolasco Santi , Ranilović Darjan , Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Marín Toni , Ho Sharlene , Tang Shannon , Papadopoulou Efthymia , Malone Joseph , Leiva Agüero Sebastian , Cantero Chloé , Patout Maxime , Fisser Christoph
Published: January 2023

Early Career Members of Assembly 2 (Respiratory Intensive Care) attended the 2022 European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress in Barcelona, Spain. The conference covered acute and chronic respiratory failure. Sessions of interest to our Assembly members and to those interested in respiratory critical care included the state-of-the-art session on respiratory critical care, the journal session (ERS/Lancet) on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotyping into precision medicine, and sessions on specificity of coronavirus disease 2019 ARDS and its post-critical care. A symposium on treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients with COPD and innovations in mechanical ventilation either in the intensive care unit or at home were also reported upon. These sessions are summarised in this article.