bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Coastal Vulnerability Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Best–Worst Method: A Case Study of the Marmara Gulf Region
Authors: Arda Tümay , Bayrak Onur Can , Uzar Melis
Published: May 2024

Coastal regions, integral to human economic and social frameworks, face increasing threats from disasters and climate change. This situation has made it necessary and a priority to study these areas at an international level. To be able to take precautions, protect, and manage coastal areas, it is essential to identify their coastal vulnerability. In this study, a coastal vulnerability analysis was conducted using best–worst method (BWM) in the Marmara Gulf Region, Türkiye. Moreover, comparison was made with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the subject of assessment of coastal vulnerability. According to the vulnerability map obtained with AHP, 17% of the region was determined to have a moderate vulnerability risk, 54% had a high risk, and 29% had a very high risk. On the other hand, the analysis results in BWM calculated the vulnerability percentages as follows: 18% moderate vulnerability, 57% high vulnerability, and 25% very high vulnerability. Visual and statistical comparisons revealed that the BWM method provides more consistent results and involves fewer pairwise comparisons than the AHP method. Thus, it offers ease of use and convenience to decision maker while maintaining relatively same level of weights for criteria. This study aims to lay the foundation for a dynamic system designed to assess coastal vulnerability, emphasizing usability for policymakers in decision-making and flexibility across various scenarios. Particularly, the adoption of the BWM provides notable benefits due to its direct approach and ability to yield more uniform and dependable evaluations, thereby efficiently addressing intricate decision-making challenges.
Homophilie im Kindergarten? Freundschaften im Jahr vor der Einschulung
Authors: Schimmer Julia
Published: May 2024

Homophilie, also die erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit, mit ähnlichen Personen Kontakt zu haben, ist empirisch umfassend belegt. Für Kinder im Schulalter liegen vielfach Studien vor, in denen geschlechtsspezifische, ethnische und schichtspezifische Homophilie festgestellt wird. Ob auch Kinder im Vorschulalter bei ihren Freundschaften homophile Vorlieben zeigen, ist hingegen unzureichend erforscht. In der hier vorgestellten Querschnittstudie wird diese Forschungslücke bearbeitet und die Freundschaften von N = 96 Vorschulkindern quantitativ untersucht. Dafür wurden Kinder und Eltern in persönlichen Gesprächen standardisiert zu ihren Freundschaften und Kontakten in der Kita befragt. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass auch Vorschulkinder in ihrer Kindergartengruppe eher Freundschaften zu Kindern des gleichen Geschlechts pflegen. Gleichzeitig zeigt sich im Kontrast zu den Studien über die Kontakte älterer Kinder, dass weder ein gleicher ethnischer Hintergrund noch eine ähnliche ökonomische oder kulturelle familiale Kapitalausstattung Freundschaften zwischen Vorschulkindern wahrscheinlicher machen.
Globalisierte Bewährungssucher – Digitale Medien als Räume der Inspiration und Präsentation eigener Lebensentwürfe
Authors: Zizek Boris
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag zeigt, dass das Bewährungsmodell des Authentic Lifestyle Creators and Presenters für Heranwachsende in der globalisierten Moderne hohe Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Um diese Perspektive zu entwickeln, wird, erstens, grundlegend die konstitutionstheoretische Perspektive auf Adoleszente als Bewährungssucher entfaltet. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird dann, zweitens, in einer historischen Skizze aufgezeigt, wie sich die Bewährungsmuster seit Beginn der Moderne in ihren Grundzügen verändert haben und Heranwachsende sukzessive zu globalisierten, Authentizität prüfenden Bewährungssuchern geworden sind. In den digitalen Medien suchen sie einerseits eigenständig und lokal entgrenzt Anregungen für mögliche Lebensentwürfe und präsentieren andererseits dort auch ihre eigenen Bewährungsmodelle, um bestätigende Resonanz zu erhalten.

Drittens wird in Kontrastierung mit den Begriffen Star, Celebrity und IT-Girl und am Beispiel von Julia Beautx die Kernfigur der Influencer:in herausgearbeitet, da sich in ihr wesentliche und für Heranwachsende bedeutsame Aspekte einer spätmodernen Form der Lebensgestaltung verkörpern. In einem Perspektivwechsel wird viertens die Architektonik der Profilseiten auf Instagram am Beispiel von Chiarra Ferragni betrachtet, um zu zeigen, dass das soziale Netzwerk die Funktion einer virtuellen Bewährungsmesse erfüllt, indem es die Präsentation individueller Bewährungsportfolios ermöglicht und provoziert.
A Systematic Review of Physical Modelling Techniques, Developments and Applications in Slope Stability Analyses
Authors: Haundi Tiyamike , Okonta Felix
Published: May 2024

An extensive evaluation of published articles suggests a lack of research on a systematic literature review relating to physical modelling techniques, developments and application in slope stability studies. However, there is growing interest in using physical model tests in slope stability investigations. The present study systematically reviews the methodologies and applications of physical modelling in slope stability research. The Scopus database was used to identify relevant studies which employed physical model tests in slope stability investigations. A combination of fifteen keywords was used to identify relevant articles. A PRISMA-P method for conducting a systematic review was adopted. Articles were screened and analysed, and extracted data were re-organised using an Excel sheet. Data relating to research objectives, physical model test techniques, instrumentation, scaling laws, numerical modelling, results, and findings were extracted and analysed. The systematic review highlights gaps requiring further studies, particularly in slope reinforcements using vegetation and strength deterioration of reinforcements performance under repeated loading exposures. It is found that scholars have not fully addressed the influence of loss of water on pore water regimes and its impact on stability when vegetation is applied as reinforcements. It is also found that the development of slope materials for soil slopes in physical model tests relies on the artificial development of such materials with minimal consideration of their long-term behaviour. Although other options, such as bio-cementation and desiccation techniques, which simulate the natural environment of the slopes, are neglected in slope material development, the present study recommends that future studies consider such techniques.
The representation of Aboriginal health and wellbeing values within coastal marine and fisheries policies of the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Cubillo Beau , Brimblecombe Julie , Stacey Natasha
Published: May 2024

Aboriginal Peoples in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia have customary connections to seafood for cultural practices, nourishment, livelihoods, and social connections which have been linked to health and wellbeing outcomes. Global and national entities have called for health and self-determination principles to be considered across all public policies to continue to improve health and wellbeing outcomes. Specifically, there is a growing acknowledgement that the fisheries sector plays a crucial role in enhancing and supporting Indigenous health and wellbeing. However, there is limited understanding of how this can be achieved. This study applies a content analysis of ten NT fisheries policy documents to investigate: (1) the representation of Indigenous values; (2) Indigenous health and wellbeing outcomes and (3) the positioning of self-determination within NT coastal, marine and fishery policies. Findings reveal that policy focus is primarily concerned with the conservation and management of environments and resources, fisheries, management and sustainability, and fisheries-based economic development. The consideration of health and wellbeing outcomes are not explicitly represented, including fisheries as a source of food production. This is concerning considering the contribution of seafood to Indigenous Peoples diets and food security. Despite these limitations, self-determination principles were represented within the policies by recognising Aboriginal aspirations through, for example social, cultural, and environmental outcomes.
Framework for the Generation of 3D Fiber Composite Structures from 2D Observations
Authors: Clarke Kenneth M. , Wertz John , Groeber Michael
Published: May 2024

Synthetic generation of realistic materials for testing of process–structure–property (PSP) relationships in computational materials science has gained significant traction over the past two decades. Generation tools continue to lag in some aspects of realism, leading to uncertainty and errors in simulating material response. The experimental collection of information to guide generation of 3D synthetic structures remains costly, time consuming, and challenging. These challenges are compounded by limitations of stereology, which permits estimation of 3D microstructural statistics from 2D observations under restrictive assumptions on constituent morphologies and size distributions and can be difficult to apply to microstructure metrics like constituent orientation distribution and clustering. This work seeks to overcome these challenges by introducing a framework for learning probable 3D microstructure statistics by minimizing the loss determined by matching statistics obtained from 2D observations via synthetic microstructure generation software (e.g. Dream.3D) and stereological principles. This framework is applied to short carbon fiber composite structures printed from an additive manufacturing process, Direct Ink Writing, with the hope that the framework could generalize to other particulate structures as well as allow for simulation and design of materials structure.
Characteristics of rice husk biochar briquettes with municipal solid waste cassava, sweet potato and matooke peelings as binders
Authors: Lubwama Michael , Birungi Agatha , Nuwamanya Andrew , Yiga Vianney Andrew
Published: May 2024

Rice husks are not readily biodegradable making their disposal challenging due to the common disposal method of open burning which has negative environmental effects. Additionally, banana, sweet potato and cassava peelings form a large percentage of organic municipal solid waste. Therefore, this study developed rice husk biochar briquettes with organic municipal peelings waste as binders. Rice husks biochar was formed via carbonization processes in a step-down kiln at temperatures ranging between 400 and 500 °C. Organic binders were mixed with the rice husk biochar at different ratios of 10% and 15% before being compacted at a pressure ≤ 7 MPa into briquettes. Thermogravimetric results showed that the developed briquettes had high ash contents ranging from 44% to 47%. Rice husk biochar briquettes with the highest particle density were observed for briquettes with 15% cassava peel binder at 427.1 kg/m3. The highest HHV and maximum attainable flame temperature of 21.75 MJ/kg and 828.7 °C were obtained for rice husk biochar briquettes with 15% matooke peeling organic binder. For all rice husk biochar briquettes, increasing the organic peeling binder had a positive impact of reducing the ash content, while at the same time increasing the peak temperatures, thus contributing to their enhanced thermal stability.
Feasibility and Effects of Using Physical Activity Trackers With People Who Use Substances: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cuesta-López Ignacio , Secades-Villa Roberto , González-Roz Alba
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

Commercially-available physical activity trackers (PAT) are promising tools for promoting physical activity (PA) in people with mental disorders. The present systematic review aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of using PAT in people with substance use disorders (SUD), and how that can affect substance use, PA, and mental health.

Recent Findings

Previous review studies have noted the potential of using active and passive data collection methods in the context of SUDs. However, since then, novel technology has been developed and new studies on PAT have been published. There are no specific reviews about them in the context of treatment of SUD.

The current study included seven studies involving 178 participants. The findings provide preliminary evidence that using PAT as part of a broader behavioral intervention is feasible and promising in promoting healthy behavior and improving health-related outcomes, including reduction in substance use. However, considering the small number of studies and their limitations, there is a need for more systematic and rigorous research to determine the long-term effectiveness of incorporating PAT into existing treatments for SUD.
Evaluation of LLM Tools for Feedback Generation in a Course on Concurrent Programming
Authors: Estévez-Ayres Iria , Callejo Patricia , Hombrados-Herrera Miguel Ángel , Alario-Hoyos Carlos , Delgado Kloos Carlos
Published: May 2024

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has marked a significant change in education. The appearance of these LLMs and their associated chatbots has yielded several advantages for both students and educators, including their use as teaching assistants for content creation or summarisation. This paper aims to evaluate the capacity of LLMs chatbots to provide feedback on student exercises in a university programming course. The complexity of the programming topic in this study (concurrency) makes the need for feedback to students even more important. The authors conducted an assessment of exercises submitted by students. Then, ChatGPT (from OpenAI) and Bard (from Google) were employed to evaluate each exercise, looking for typical concurrency errors, such as starvation, deadlocks, or race conditions. Compared to the ground-truth evaluations performed by expert teachers, it is possible to conclude that none of these two tools can accurately assess the exercises despite the generally positive reception of LLMs within the educational sector. All attempts result in an accuracy rate of 50%, meaning that both tools have limitations in their ability to evaluate these particular exercises effectively, specifically finding typical concurrency errors.
Joint dual-teacher distillation and unsupervised fusion for unpaired real-world image dehazing
Authors: Qiao Yingxu , Zhan Xiyan , Luo Fen , Huo Zhanqiang
Published: May 2024

Existing learning-based dehazing algorithms struggle to deal with real world hazy images for lack of paired clean data. Moreover, most dehazing methods require significant computation and memory. To address the above problems, we propose a joint dual-teacher knowledge distillation and unsupervised fusion framework for single image dehazing in this paper. First, considering the complex degradation factors in real-world hazy images, two synthetic-to-real dehazing networks are explored to generate two preliminary dehazing results with the heterogeneous distillation strategy. Second, to get more qualified ground truth, an unsupervised adversarial fusion network is proposed to refine the preliminary outputs of teachers with unpaired clean images. In particular, the unpaired clean images are enhanced to deal with the dim artifacts. Furthermore, to alleviate the structure distortion in the unsupervised adversarial training, we constructed an intermediate image to constrain the output of the fusion network. Finally, considering the memory storage and computation overhead, an end-to-end lightweight student network is trained to learn the mapping from the original hazy image to the output of the fusion network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on real-world hazy images in terms of no-reference image quality assessment and the parameters.
Precursors to rock failure in the laboratory using ultrasonic monitoring methods
Authors: Veltmeijer Aukje , Naderloo Milad , Barnhoorn Auke
Published: May 2024

Forecasting the occurrence of natural hazards, such as earthquakes or landslides, remain very challenging. These hazards are often caused by stress changes in the subsurface, therefore detecting and monitoring these changes can help the prediction and mitigation. Active ultrasonic transmission experiments were performed on Red Pfaelzer sandstones to investigate the monitoring and forecasting potential of these measurements. The sandstone samples were loaded until failure at different initial confining stress conditions. The forecasting potential to failure of different analysis methods, such as coda wave interferometry or wave attenuation, is investigated and compared. Our results show we can detect the forecast the upcoming failure of the samples from 40 to 70% of its failure point. Small differences between each analysis method are visible, but the trend of the signal is leading and therefore a robust prediction of failure can be made by combining analysis methods. In this paper, we propose a traffic light forecasting system using the precursory signals from ultrasonic monitoring. This system is applicable for monitoring failure at various depths and or stress conditions, for a better prediction of small stress-induced changes in the subsurface and thus mitigation of failure (natural hazards) in the subsurface.
Urban regeneration VS residential property characteristics: which is the most influential on property values?
Authors: Agapi Xifilidou , Nikolaos Karanikolas , Spyridon Spatalas , Vassilis Tsioukas
Published: May 2024

Urban regenerations have always been a tool towards the improvement of the urban environment through environmental integration and thereafter the quality of life of citizens. However, all regenerations do not have the same success and impact on the surrounding properties. In this paper, two major urban regenerations of Thessaloniki, the second largest city of Greece, are studied through the scope of their effect on property values in combination with the analysis of the effect of traditional property characteristics on values. This study was necessary to fill the gap of determining that sustainable urban planning and environmental integration are nowadays proven more important than property characteristics, when population gathering in urban areas is at its highest point. The current study applied geographically weighted regression, spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot analysis through the environment of ArcGIS to determine which are the factors that citizens seek in their residential area and if these factors are more important than their property characteristics. The findings of the study indicate that citizens always seek for additional urban green and urban quality even in areas where the urban environment is already at a very good level. The difference appears in the fact that in areas where urban green or open spaces are upsent, the weight leans on the characteristics of the wider area and its citizens (socio-economic characteristics, habits etc.) rather than on the property characteristics, when determining property values. On the other hand, citizens living in areas with urban green and open spaces, move a step forward and seek for larger and more friendly green or regenerated areas as a counterpoint for already increased property values. In general, the result of this research underlines that a targeted urban planning for each sub-area is one of the keys toward property values stabilization against economic variations and towards the improvement of the quality of citizens’ lives through environmental integration. Therefore, decision makers and urban designers should take into account all different needs of the citizens in each area setting the goal of maximum possible urban sustainability and resilience and the minimum environmental degradation.
Cannabinoid Modulation of Monoamine Levels in Mouse Brain: Unveiling Neurochemical Dynamics through an Innovative High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Bioanalysis
Authors: Carla Fonseca , Susana Cunha , Ricardo Ferreira , Mariana Lapo Pais , Joana Gonçalves , Antoni Camins , Miren Ettcheto , Rui Barbosa , Ana Fortuna
Published: May 2024

Homeostasis of monoaminergic pathways is compromised in aging and neurodegenerative/neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and depression. On the other hand, their modulation has also been linked to the mechanism of action of several drugs. Therefore, monitoring the levels of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (AD), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT), as well as those of tryptophan (TRYP), the precursor of 5-HT, and DA metabolites, namely 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), is fundamental for assessing disease severity and progression. This work aimed to develop and validate the first High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detector (FLD) method that simultaneously and accurately quantifies NA, AD, DA, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT and TRYP in mouse brain and prefrontal cortex (PFC) matrices. Previous sample preparation by protein precipitation was required to extract the compounds. Calibration curves were plotted using the background subtraction approach to reduce the interference of the endogenous analytes. Intra and inter-day accuracy and precision were within the ranges defined by ICH (The International Council for Harmonisation) guideline for bioanalytical method validation. Following validation, the impact of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabidivarin (CBDV) was explored in mice brains post-administration, revealing significant alterations in specific neurotransmitter levels upon cannabinoid exposure and shedding light on the complex modulation of neurochemical dynamics by cannabinoids. This research highlights the fit-for-purpose of the HPLC-FLD method and provides insights into potential mechanisms underlying phytocannabinoid actions in the central nervous system (CNS).
Fluorescence-Based Calibration Model for In-Situ Measurement of Micro-scaled Lubricant Thickness Distribution at Indentation Interface
Authors: Yoshikawa Motoya , Fujii Saeko , Kadoya Shotaro , Sugihara Tatsuya , Michihata Masaki , Takahashi Satoru
Published: May 2024

This study proposes a model for the measurement of microscale liquid film thickness distribution using fluorescence signals. The interfacial conditions between the tool and the workpiece in mechanical machining are important for understanding these phenomena and mechanisms. In this study, indentation tests with transparent tools were used to observe interfaces; however, it was challenging to obtain the signal from a thin fluorescent liquid film on smooth and steeply inclined surfaces. Therefore, fluorescence-based measurement, such as laser-induced fluorescence, was employed. To measure the absolute thickness of the thin fluorescent film, calibration of the measurement system is necessary. Therefore, a theoretical model was proposed considering the multiple reflections of excitation light and fluorescence at the inclined surface between the indenter and workpiece. By measuring the profile of the surface topography of the indented workpiece and comparing the results with those measured by a surface profiler, the validity of the proposed calibration method and the performance of this measurement system were demonstrated. The measured surface profiles, including scratches of 2–4 µm, were in good agreement, demonstrating the validity of the proposed method.
Postdigital Storytelling: Storytelling (Within or Across) the Digital and Transmedia Field
Authors: Meyerhofer-Parra Rafel , González-Martínez Juan , Peracaula-Bosch Marta
Published: May 2024

The term postdigital implies a rupture and continuity of the digital paradigm, which allows us to analyse the challenges implied by a largely digitalised society. At the same time, the term transmedia goes completely unnoticed in the postdigital literature, despite sharing key elements in its reflection on the digital paradigm. For this reason, this article reflects on the points of contact between transmedia and postdigital storytelling, as well as the differences identified between postdigital storytelling and its precedents: digital storytelling and transmedia storytelling. It is discussed that postdigital storytelling becomes an evolution of digital storytelling in congruence with the challenges posed by the postdigital paradigm and, simultaneously, that transmedia storytelling can adopt a postdigital perspective under which to balance the media it uses, while maintaining its essence of narrative expansion, which is a dispensable condition in digital and postdigital storytelling. Finally, an analogous reflection to the digital term emerges that more and more the transmedia nature is intertwined and diluted in the context that surrounds us to the point that it ceases to make sense.
Unlocking Team Dynamics: Exploring the Influence of Group Regulation on Technical Development in Small-Sided Soccer Games
Authors: Sahli Faten , Boujabli Manar , Sahli Hajer , Jebabli Nidhal , Ghouili Hatem , Trabelsi Khaled , Bouzouraa Mohamed Mansour , Guelmami Noomen , Ben Aissa Mohamed , Ammar Achraf , Dergaa Ismail , Zghibi Makram
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Discussions held by players during the halftime of a soccer match are widely recognized as influential factors in boosting their involvement and physical activity of soccer players. This study aimed to investigate the impact of learning small-sided games (SSG) through player discussions on decision-making, as well as the technical and tactical skills of young soccer players.

Methods

Forty-two U-15 male amateur soccer players were randomly assigned to 6 groups and participated in a study comprising 4 sessions of small-sided games (SSG). Each session consisted of two sets of 15 min each. The SSG sessions were conducted with and without the inclusion of self-regulation of learning. Technical actions (i.e., balls won, balls received, balls lost, shots, and goals) were measured during each set of sessions using a digital camera recorder.

Results

The results showed no significant differences in the main effects of the time, group, session, and group × session × time interactions for most technical actions. However, there was a significant main effect of group observed for shoot action (P = 0.021;ηp2 = 0.102), with a higher number of shoot actions in the co-regulation of learning group than in the self-regulation of learning group.

Conclusion

The self-regulation approach employed by players alone did not lead to significant improvements in technical performance during SSG. Further research is needed to explore additional factors and/or interventions that could potentially enhance the effectiveness of learning through discussions in SSG.
A Semi-Automated Solution Approach Recommender for a Given Use Case: a Case Study for AI/ML in Oncology via Scopus and OpenAI
Authors: Kılıç Deniz Kenan , Vasegaard Alex Elkjær , Desoeuvres Aurélien , Nielsen Peter
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, literature review is a necessary task when trying to solve a given problem. However, an exhaustive literature review is very time-consuming in today’s vast literature landscape. It can take weeks, even if looking only for abstracts or surveys. Moreover, choosing a method among others, and targeting searches within relevant problem and solution domains, are not easy tasks. These are especially true for young researchers or engineers starting to work in their field. Even if surveys that provide methods used to solve a specific problem already exist, an automatic way to do it for any use case is missing, especially for those who don’t know the existing literature. Our proposed tool, SARBOLD-LLM, allows discovering and choosing among methods related to a given problem, providing additional information about their uses in the literature to derive decision-making insights, in only a few hours. The SARBOLD-LLM comprises three modules: (1: Scopus search) paper selection using a keyword selection scheme to query Scopus API; (2: Scoring and method extraction) relevancy and popularity scores calculation and solution method extraction in papers utilizing OpenAI API (GPT 3.5); (3: Analyzes) sensitivity analysis and post-analyzes which reveals trends, relevant papers and methods. Comparing the SARBOLD-LLM to manual ground truth using precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, the performance results of AI in the oncology case study are 0.68, 0.9, and 0.77, respectively. SARBOLD-LLM demonstrates successful outcomes across various domains, showcasing its robustness and effectiveness. The SARBOLD-LLM addresses engineers more than researchers, as it proposes methods and trends without adding pros and cons. It is a useful tool to select which methods to investigate first and comes as a complement to surveys. This can limit the global search and accumulation of knowledge for the end user. However, it can be used as a director or recommender for future implementation to solve a problem.
Prints and the Landscape Garden
Authors: Symes Michael
Published: May 2024

Renowned landscape historian Michael Symes explores the history and techniques of printmaking and how prints of landscape gardens reflected and influenced fashion - sometimes at the expense of reality.
Godly Violence in the Puritan Atlantic World, 1636-1676
Authors: Rowley Matthew
Published: May 2024

A rich analysis of the mindset of Puritans and of their theology which justified military action and acts of killing.
The Songs of Jean Sibelius
Authors: Djupsjöbacka Gustav
Published: May 2024

A landmark in Sibelius scholarship, this is the first book that presents all of Sibelius's solo art songs in their musical and aesthetic context. Indispensable for scholars and performers alike.
Ideas of Authorship in the English and Scottish Dream Vision
Authors: Atkinson Laurie
Published: May 2024

An investigation of English and Scottish dream visions written on the cusp of the 'Renaissance', teasing out distinctive ideas of authorship which informed their design.
The role of mating effort and co-residence history in step-grandparental investment
Authors: Pettay Jenni E. , Coall David A. , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Tanskanen Antti O.
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of divorce in both parental and grandparental generations has led to a rise in the number of children who now have families that include both biological and step-grandparents. Despite the thorough examination of biological grandparents’ contributions in the recent literature, there remains a scarcity of studies focusing on the investment of step-grandparents. Using population-based data from a sample of 2494 parents in Germany, we assessed grandparental investment through financial support and assistance with childcare of grandparents (N = 4238) and step-grandparents (N = 486). The study revealed that step-grandparents provided lower levels of investment in their grandchildren compared with biological grandparents. Furthermore, the study identified that a longer duration of co-residence between step-grandparents and parents earlier in life did not correspond to an increase or decrease in step-grandparental investment. However, investment by separated biological grandparents increased with the increasing length of co-residence with parents. In line with the scarce literature on step-grandparental investment, these findings indicate that mating effort may be the most important motivation for step-grandparental investment.
Wage-productivity gap and discrimination against Syrian refugees: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Elveren Adem Yavuz
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we introduce a unique dataset derived from a survey conducted among 450 Syrian refugee workers and the owners/managers of the firms in which they are employed in Istanbul, Turkey. We utilise this data to investigate the connection between the wage-productivity gap and perceived economic and social discrimination. The findings of the study indicate that individuals facing a wider wage-productivity gap tend to report higher levels of economic and social discrimination. These results remain consistent even after incorporating various variables at both the worker and firm levels into the analysis. These findings imply potential policy recommendations that policymakers should take into account.
Frustration and fidelity: how public interest lawyers navigate procedure in the direct representation of asylum seekers
Authors: Crooke Catherine L.
Published: May 2024

Public interest lawyers seek to empower clients through collaborative approaches to direct representation that redistribute legal knowledge and affirm clients’ agency; however, the legal settings in which attorneys operate shape their capacity to subvert dynamics they consider oppressive. Based on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork at a legal nonprofit serving asylum seekers in Los Angeles, this study explores how the broader environment of a restrictive immigration system transforms the aspirations, possibilities, and strategies of public interest lawyering. Drawing from sociolegal literature on cause lawyers, access to justice, and the U.S. immigration system, the article argues that the politicization of the U.S. immigration bureaucracy destabilizes foundational legal norms, hindering the agenda of public interest attorneys. Procedural formalism constitutes one of the only resources at attorneys’ disposal, yet here it often impedes lawyers’ ability to disrupt perceived power hierarchies. Specifically, the prevalence of complex legal procedures that obstruct access to asylum reconfigures opportunities to uplift clients. These findings illuminate how hostile legal settings strain lawyers. They also contribute to timely debates around how attorneys protect access to justice and advance meaningful social transformation.
Effect of team diversity on teams’ design space: a computational approach
Authors: Škec Marija Majda , Štorga Mario , Gero John S.
Published: May 2024

Understanding team diversity has become essential for modern-day organisations. This study explores the impact of knowledge diversity in design teams through computational simulations. By analysing design space characteristics, we study how diverse teams perform compared to less diverse counterparts. Results reveal that highly diverse teams exhibit increased efficiency, quicker convergence, and larger but sparser design spaces. This work contributes to understanding the impact of knowledge diversity in design teams and sets the stage for future systematic studies of diversity.
Exploring designers’ cognitive abilities in the concept product design phase through traditional and digitally-mediated design environments
Authors: Tufail Muhammad , Zaib Shahab , Uzma Sahr , Karim Raja Mubashar , Kim KwanMyung
Published: May 2024

This study explores design strategies that designers adapt in different design environments and assesses cognitive load associated with acquiring, comprehending, and implementing strategies in concept product design phase. The findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the traditional design environment exhibits a greater intrinsic load, thereby fostering a greater diversity of ideas, design strategies, and solutions. The digitally-mediated design environment demonstrates extraneous load, resulting in a tendency towards similarity in ideas, design strategies, and solutions.
Understanding a SPSS-aided packaging-free shopping practice
Authors: Chen Ruihua , Miao Xueqing
Published: May 2024

Sustainable service-product systems (SPSSs) aided packaging-free shopping are expected to promote sustainable behaviour through enhanced user experience. Yet, understanding about this kind of practice is scarce. In this study, we adopted a qualitative approach through observations and semi-structured interviews with fifteen young consumers. The results present three stages of the practice and identify the challenges in each stage, using the practice theory as a theoretical basis. In light of these, the future offerings of SPSSs are proposed.
Developing readiness levels for risk assessment in green transition engineering projects
Authors: Filipovic Andy Mattulat , Welo Torgeir , Oehmen Josef
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to develop a risk assessment framework that addresses both the complexities of the risk landscape that green transition portfolios face, but is recognizable and easily understandable by stakeholders. For this purpose, we build upon the framework of NASA Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). This study analyzes six existing readiness levels framework that are held towards uncertainty factors from the Green Transition. The TRL scale are coupled with Risk, Uncertainty, and Ignorance to score the individual level of uncertainty. The paper ends with suggestion for further studies.
Identifying rebound effects in product-service systems: actors, mechanisms, triggers and drivers
Authors: Guzzo Daniel , Pigosso Daniela C. A.
Published: May 2024

The implementation of product-service systems (PSS) is prone to the occurrence of rebound effects (RE). This research aims to systematically identify the rebound mechanisms in a PSS context. Through the case study of a use-oriented PSS offer, we showcase a structured way to address RE that led to a comprehensive mapping of 23 mechanisms. The analysis demonstrates an approach to mapping rebound triggers, drivers, and mechanisms within the actors’ realms that designers can apply to ensure the potential sustainability gains of PSS offers.
Operationalizing leverage points in business model design for sustainable systems change
Authors: Hsien Cadence , Evans Steve
Published: May 2024

Systems change can help to address sustainability challenges and interventions at deep leverage points of a system can be applied to do so. By studying 9 sustainable entrepreneurial businesses, this paper looked at how entrepreneurial firms used their business to intervene at deep leverage points to facilitate systems change. We then proposed how deep leverage points can be operationalized by developing an approach for sustainable business model innovation and how entrepreneurs can consciously target leverage points when designing their business models to influence sustainable systems change.
Alignment of the functional structure with sustainability aspects in product development – combining the strengths of the functional structure with the MECO matrix
Authors: Kokoschko Björn , Augustin Laura , Schabacker Michael , Beyer Christiane
Published: May 2024

Many of the methods and tools proposed in the literature for validating product concepts are matrix-based, but they do not allow the results to be communicated easily and comprehensibly. This is a major obstacle to the integration of such methods. The poor communication of the results of a method therefore represents great potential for better integration of sustainability aspects in product development. In this article, an approach is proposed on how the results of the MECO matrix can be converted into a clear visualization of the reduced environmental assessments.
Sustainability criteria for introducing new technologies in low-income contexts
Authors: Mallalieu Adam Mattias , Jonasson Amanda , Petersson Sara , Rosendal Marlene , Hallstedt Sophie I. , Almefelt Lars , Isaksson Ola
Published: May 2024

Introducing new technologies in low-income contexts have potential for positive social impact, and such efforts are made by humanitarian engineering non-govermental organisations (NGOs). The impact can increase if a systemic sustainability perspective is considered in the design process. Sustainability criteria are identified using a literature study combined with an empirical study together with a Swedish NGO. These criteria are synthesized into a simplified Sustainability Fingerprint tool which is evaluated and deemed to be useful when introducing new technologies in low-income contexts.
Assessing sustainable recyclability of battery systems: a tool to aid design for disassembly
Authors: Monetti Fabio Marco , Martínez Pablo Zaguirre , Maffei Antonio
Published: May 2024

This study, conducted with Northvolt, examines battery system recyclability and disassembly dynamics. It introduces indices for material and product recyclability, along with disassembly time assessment. The goal is to create a design tool to streamline the evaluation of battery disassembly, aiding in designing recyclable and serviceable components. These methodologies serve as a blueprint for enhancing battery systems' overall sustainability and circularity design, presenting a base for future product development in alignment with environmental and economic objectives.
Designing products for material simplifiers: antinomy or prospective for design?
Authors: Perea Céline , Masclet Cédric
Published: May 2024

Considering the growing change towards material simplicity of consumers which consists in rejecting the consumer society by decreasing material needs and their consumption we interrogate in this research the possibility of products to support its transition of consumers. We address in a matrix product characteristics adaptation to pathways of consumers stemming from non-voluntary to radical disadopters. The main question of this work interrogates how products can address the disadoption/material simplicity phenomenon.
Implementing the model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach to develop an assessment framework for healthcare facility design
Authors: Golgolnia Tahere , Kipouros Timoleon , Clarkson P. John , Marquardt Gesine , Kevdzija Maja
Published: May 2024

The global elderly population rises, increasing dementia cases. Built environment impact on dementia health outcomes is known, forming the basis for evidence-based design studies. There's a need for a comprehensive assessment framework due to the complexity of interactions among Architectural Variables (AVs) and Health and Care Outcomes (HCOs). This paper proposes using Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to create such a framework. It collects data from 105 studies on 40 AVs, 36 HCOs, and 396 interactions. MBSE offers a holistic understanding, aiding healthcare facility design decisions.
Co-designing for the NHS: the development of sustainable theatre garments
Authors: Rodgers Paul , Winton Euan , Urquhart Lewis , O'Reilly Jonathan , Anderson Carole
Published: May 2024

NHS Scotland, one of the keystone healthcare providers in the UK, have recently set a wide variety of sustainability targets in an effort to mitigate waste and the intensive energy demands of healthcare. Medical garment production, management and design is an area in which design researchers can explore and offer solutions. This paper presents a series of co-design explorations to examine design alternatives to single-use theatre caps, the majority of which are currently disposed of routinely. Using a series of probes, major insights into how theatre cap design may be improved is presented.
A theory landscape of design: mapping the theoretical discourse of the discipline
Authors: Thoring Katja , Mueller Roland M.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a mapping of theory use in the design discipline based on the corpus of the published ICED and DESIGN conference papers since 2010. We searched the resulting 4,451 papers for occurrences of theories and compared them with an existing ontology of named theories through natural language processing (NLP). The results yielded a variety of analyses, illustrating, for example, the most-used theories and which disciplines these theories stem from. This paper presents a rich overview of the theories relevant to the design discipline and a novel approach to bibliometric analyses.
Exploring high-stiffness pellets as filaments in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Rasmussen Martin Lilletvedt , Grønvik Simen Gjethammer , Øvrebø Henrik H. , Hicks Ben , Snider Chris , Steinert Martin , Elverum Christer W. , Eikevåg Sindre Wold
Published: May 2024

In Fused Filament Fabrication, there is increasing interest in the potential of composite filaments for producing complex and load-bearing components. Carbon fibre-filled polyamide currently has highest available strength and stiffness, but promising variants are not in filament form. This paper investigates filament production of commercially available, high-filled PA-CF pellets by modifying a tabletop filament extruder. We show filament production is possible by improving cooling. The FFF printed specimens show an average UTS of 135.5 MPa, higher than most commercially available filaments.
Democratising dry adhesion development with consumer-grade AM
Authors: Stubberud Vegar , Steinert Martin , Johnsen Håkon Jarand Dugstad
Published: May 2024

The production of reusable gecko-inspired dry adhesives has traditionally been done with complex nanofabrication methods such as lithography and PDMS casting. This article presents a way of producing and testing dry adhesive samples using consumer-grade AM machines and equipment typically available in a Makerspace. The samples produced exhibit adhesive properties depending on the preload and surface structure, and we conclude that consumer-grade AM is suitable for rapid prototyping and testing of dry adhesion. However, it is limited by the scale and accuracy compared to traditional methods.
A new approach to derive variation shares by combining the C&C² approach and the PGE model
Authors: Tröster Peter Michael , Tsutskiridze Giorgi , Dieck Tobias , Albers Albert
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a method to derive variation shares in engineering design, merging the Contact & Channel Approach (C&C²) with the model of PGE - Product Generation Engineering. It focuses on one-piece parts, enhancing precision in identifying component variations. The integration allows for detailed qualitative modeling and subcomponent analysis, improving design efficiency and innovation, illustrated with bottle examples. This research advances engineering design by enabling more accurate categorization of system variations.
Stimulating design ideation with artificial intelligence: present and (short-term) future
Authors: Berni Aurora , Borgianni Yuri , Rotini Federico , Gonçalves Milene , Thoring Katja
Published: May 2024

The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in design is clearly growing. One of the tenets of the paper is that stimulation could be among the design processes mostly benefitting from the introduction of AI. Available contributions have been reviewed to understand the current support AI can give in design inspiration and ideation. We also reflected on what AI should and ahould not do in the future: a framework is proposed. Based on the reviewed contributions, in no case, AI is seen as a substitute of designers. Most contributions originate from the IT domain and have a demonstrative purpose.
Towards the digital factory twin – design guide for creating a 3D factory model
Authors: Disselkamp Jan-Philipp , Grothe Robin , Lick Jonas , Schütte Ben , Brüne Sascha , Schröder Luca , Dumitrescu Roman
Published: May 2024

Shorter product lifecycles are also leading to even shorter planning times for the development of production systems. In most companies, the restructuring is carried out within a few weeks during the annual holidays. Digital tools such as simulations or the digital twin are used to avoid delaying the restructuring during this time. However, the introduction of a 3D model of the factory is often the first point of failure for many companies. This article proposes a six-step process model that enables the transition from 2D to 3D design. The process model was evaluated in a research project.
Benchmarking AI design skills: insights from ChatGPT's participation in a prototyping hackathon
Authors: Ege Daniel Nygård , Øvrebø Henrik H. , Stubberud Vegar , Berg Martin Francis , Steinert Martin , Vestad Håvard
Published: May 2024

This study provides insights into the capabilities and performance of generative AI, specifically ChatGPT, in engineering design. ChatGPT participated in a 48-hour hackathon by instructing two participants who acted out its instructions, successfully designing and prototyping a NERF dart launcher that finished second among six teams. The paper highlights the potential and limitations of generative AI as a tool for ideation, decision-making, and optimization in engineering tasks, demonstrating the practical applicability of generating viable design solutions under real-world constraints.