bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inteligencia artificial en el aula: nuevas estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación media
Authors: Montoya Carvajal Xiomara Tatiana , Ponce Heredero Alva Azucena , Miranda Montes Jessica Alexandra , Coloma Cevallos Xavier Remigio
Published: September 2024

La inteligencia artificial (IA) es fundamental para la educación del siglo XXI ya que permite la personalización del aprendizaje. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la educación media. La presente investigación fue desarrollada bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño longitudinal retrospectivo y un alcance descriptivo. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se utilizaron diversas bases de datos académicas, como SciELO, Latindex, Dialnet y Redalyc, abarcando los años desde 2015 a julio de 2024. Fueron incluidos en el estudio 15 informes científicos, SciELO= 5, Latindex= 4, Dialnet= 4 y Redalyc= 2. Los estudios seleccionados reflejan una amplia variedad de enfoques sobre la integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación media. En general, todos los trabajos coinciden en reconocer el potencial de la IA para mejorar el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, aunque abordan diferentes aspectos y contextos. Los estudios analizados reflejan un consenso sobre el potencial de la inteligencia artificial (IA) para transformar la educación media, destacando tanto sus beneficios como sus desafíos.
Estrategias clave de lectura comprensiva para potenciar la comunicación
Authors: Ruano Zambrano Laura Maria , Palacios Betancourth Jasmin , Mora Delgado Jesennia Annabelle , Coello Zambrano Jazmín Aracely
Published: September 2024

Las estrategias de lectura comprensiva potencian el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas en los estudiantes. De ahí que esta investigación se centra en variables como la comprensión lectora, la expresión oral y escrita, y la interacción social con el objetivo de describir enfoques que integran la lectura como herramienta de mejora comunicativa. La metodología empleada incluye un análisis de estudios previos, utilizando técnicas cualitativas para recopilar información en bases de datos como Redalyc, Scielo y Scopus. Los instrumentos utilizados abarcan el análisis y síntesis de documentos. Las dimensiones analizadas incluyen la motivación, la estrategia de lectura, y la práctica comunicativa. Los resultados más relevantes indican que estas estrategias no solo mejoran la comprensión, sino que también fomentan una mayor fluidez y confianza en la comunicación. En conclusión, implementar estrategias dirigidas a la comprensión lectora es fundamental para desarrollar competencias comunicativas en los estudiantes, promoviendo un aprendizaje más integral y significativo.
El estímulo de la memoria visual en el rendimiento académico en la Educación Básica
Authors: Verzosi Vargas Paulina Iralda , Gavilánez Correa Javier Eladio , Cherres Euvín Migdalia Antonia , Gavilanez Correa Tannya Lorena
Published: September 2024

La estimulación de la actividad cognoscitiva constituyen una esencialidad para lograr resultados positivos en proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, tal contexto requiere estudiar la relación entre la memoria visual respecto al rendimiento académico. Esta realidad define el propósito del presente estudio, en determinar a través de la revisión sistemática la asociación entre la memoria visual y el rendimiento académico en la Educación General Básica. Asimismo, posee enfoque cualitativo; y emplea la revisión sistemática, según la metodología Prisma. Además, se ha considerado como población: los artículos científicos en la base de datos Web of Science, durante los años 2002-2016, que son de acceso abierto, que están publicados en idiomas inglés, español y portugués. La técnica empleada es el análisis documental y los instrumentos son las matrices de análisis individual y grupal, que fueron procesados con Atlas ti. Se encontraron 9 artículos que tenían los términos memoria visual y rendimiento académico.
Integración de los estilos de aprendizajes y la inteligencia múltiple en la práctica educativa
Authors: Villalva Pilozo Angelica Melissa , López Cevallos Soraya Alexandra , Medina Castro Andrés Roberto , Toapanta Leal Verónica Esmeralda
Published: September 2024

Las competencias y habilidades que necesitan ser desarrolladas en la sociedad del conocimiento han cambiado, demandando nuevas y diferentes formas de enseñar. Por consiguiente, el objetivo de este estudio es profundizar sobre los aspectos pertinentes relacionados con la integración de los estilos de aprendizajes y la inteligencia múltiple en la práctica educativa. La metodología empleada con enfoque inductivo, se emplearon fuentes artículos científicos seleccionados de bases de datos como Scielo, Web of Science, Google Académico, Redalyc y Dialnet. Se analizaron las implicaciones en los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje en las dimensiones propuestas por Gardner y teoría de los Estilos de Aprendizaje (Teoría participativa, instrucción, personalidad, estilos cognitivos y de la Individualidad). De las acciones que discriminan hábitos, conocimientos y habilidades. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, puede decirse que es posible y recomendable adaptar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la educación superior al estilo de aprendizaje predominante de los estudiantes.
Estrés aculturativo: implicaciones y efectos adversos en la vida del migrante
Authors: Carvalho de Figueiredo Paula Alexandra , Da Silva Rodrigues Charles Ysaacc , Pereira Ramos Maria Natália
Published: September 2024

El estrés aculturativo resulta del proceso de adaptación, aprendizaje y adopción de normas, valores y comportamientos característicos a otra cultura distinta. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar las implicaciones y los efectos adversos que este tipo de estrés tiene en los migrantes. La metodología utilizada fue una revisión sistemática cualitativa, utilizando las bases de datos EBSCOhost, PubMed, Dialnet, BVS y Redalyc mediante los descriptores: estrés aculturativo y estrés por aculturación; se seleccionaron 15 artículos publicados en español e inglés, abarcando el período de enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2023, utilizando el método PRISMA. Los resultados de esta revisión indican que los principales factores que generan estrés aculturativo son la discriminación, la falta de conexión con la nueva cultura, las dificultades de comunicación y otros aspectos relacionados con los estilos de vida del país de acogida. El estrés aculturativo se inicia desde el momento de la decisión de migrar hasta la integración o reintegración completa del migrante.
PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: CAMINHOS PARA A SOLUÇÃO DA CRISE CIVILIZATÓRIA
Authors: Neiman Zysman
Published: September 2024

Palestra proferida em 18 de setembro de 2024 na abertura do XVIII Encontro Paranaense de Educação Ambiental (EPEA) em Ponta Grossa – PR, com adaptações.
Arap Dilinde Kullanılan Makâsidu’n-Nahv Tamlaması Hakkında Bir İnceleme
Authors: Aladağ Mehmet Şirin
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışmada Arap gramerinde makâsıd anlayışı ve bu anlayış çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan literatürün tetkik edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Arap grameri literatüründe yer alan en önemli kavram olan maḳâṣıdü’n-naḥv bir terim olarak ilk defa İbn Mâlik’le (öl. 672/1274) birlikte Arap dili literatürüne girmiştir. Kaynaklar incelendiğinde, “el-maḳâṣıdü’n-naḥviyye” kavramının, literatürde bazen nahiv ilminin ana konuları bazen nahivdeki kuralların amaçları bazen de bu ilmin illetleri anlamında yorumlandığı görülmektedir. Makâsıd ve illet kavramlarına geniş bir perspektiften bakıldığında, Arap dili grameri kurallarının temellendirilmesinde bu iki kavramın önemli bir role sahip olduğu müşahede edilmektedir. İllet herhangi tikel bir dilsel olgunun gerekçesini oluştururken makâsıd ise dilin arka planında yatan, onu sistemleştiren derin gayeleri ya da bu gayeler çerçevesinde ortaya çıkmış temel konuları ifade etmektedir. Arap dili alanında nahiv illetlerini inceleyen çalışmalar var olmakla birlikte nahvin kurallarının konulmasında amaçlanan, dildeki gelişimi yönlendiren ve dili konuşanların bilinçaltında bulunan anlayışın tezahürü niteliğindeki genel makâsıd, müstakil olarak henüz istenen düzeyde ele alınıp tartışılmış değildir. Arap gramerindeki birçok kaidenin arka planındaki amaçlar tahlil edilmeden semâî denilerek gerekçesiz bırakılması bir eksiklik olarak addedilip eleştirilebilir. Nitekim Arap gramerine dair kaidelerin tespitinde aklî deliller yerine, başta câhiliye devrindekiler olmak üzere eski Araplar’a ait kullanım ve şiir örneklerinin referans gösterilmesi, dilin, makâsıdı perdeleyen semâî boyutunu gözler önüne sermektedir. Buradan hareketle, gerek makâsıd kelimesinin dildeki kavramsal analizi gerekse nahiv ve belâgat ilimleriyle ilişkisinin ortaya konulması önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, Arap gramerinde makâsıd anlayışının yakından gözlemlenebilmesi adına, makâsidu’n-nahv tamlamasının kavramsal çerçevesinin çizilmesi, bu kavram ile illet kavramı arasındaki nüansın belirtilmesi, literatürdeki anlamı ve bilhassa Arap diliyle ilişkisinin saptanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Risk factors and the level of laboratory biomarkers abnormalities amongst COVID-19 admitted patients with acute kidney injury: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zarei Mahdi , Cotrina-Aliaga Juan Carlos , Atbaeitabari Samaneh , Darvishi Mohammad , KarkonShayan Sepideh , Akhavan-Sigari Reza
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 might lead to severe acute kidney injury (AKI) with high morbidity and mortality. Various incidence rates of AKI have been reported among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the relevant changes in their blood biomarkers compared to COVID-19 patients without AKI. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 262 COVID-19-confirmed hospitalized patients were enrolled in the Department of Internal Medicine at Bohlool teaching hospital, Iran, from September 2019 to January 2020. Then, the information related to demographics, medical history, comorbid conditions, and clinical and laboratory findings was documented. Patients were categorized into two groups: Patients without AKI and patients with AKI. Results: We detected 130 (49.6%) patients with AKI among the total number of 262 patients admitted with COVID-19. A total of 68 (25.9%) patients had severe disease, and fever (47.1%) was the most common presenting symptom. Older age, comorbid cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and severe COVID-19 were significantly associated with higher risk of AKI. Abnormal levels of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil count, hemoglobin (Hb), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, potassium (K), ferritin (in female patients), albumin (Alb), pH, and oxygen saturation (SPO2 ) was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing AKI in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: AKI was a common condition among COVID-19 patients in our sample. Our study confirms the effect of COVID-19 on the developing of AKI. The association between blood biomarkers, including hematologic and inflammatory markers indicate their potential role in the impairment of kidney function.
Large bilateral non-functional adrenal myelolipomas: A rare case report
Authors: Farashi Ebrahim , Halimi Monireh , Rasihashemi Seyed Ziaeddin
Published: September 2024

Myelolipomas are rare, benign, and non-functional neuroendocrine tumors that are usually discovered incidentally. The widespread use of imaging modalities has increased the detection of incidental tumors over the last decades. Most myelolipomas are small, unilateral, and asymptomatic. Occasionally, tumors grow over time and become symptomatic due to the mass effect on adjacent structures. As a therapeutic approach, surgery is known as the standard treatment for symptomatic or large lesions. We report a patient presented with persisted abdominal pain which had been initiated two months ago. Ultrasonography examination showed large, bilateral, and well-defined hyperechoic lesions without calcification in both adrenal glands. Tumors were non-functional with hormone secretion-wise. After laparoscopic resection, on the macroscopic examination, two adrenal lesions with 60×50×40 mm and 35×30×10 mm size, respectively, were observed. The subsequent microscopic assessment also confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas.
Evaluation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patient outcomes in Imam Reza General Hospital Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Faghieh Dinavari Masoud , Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , Sheikhalipour Zahra , Yousefi Fatemeh , Beheshtirouy Samad , Jafarinodeh Bahram , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. The success rate of in-hospital arrests varies from 2% to 27% according to different studies. Aim of our study was an investigation on in-hospital cardiac arrest in a tertiary hospital in north-west of Iran. Methods: We included all in-hospital cardiac arrests over a three-month period of time. Data related to age and sex of patients, cause of hospitalization, length of stay, cause of cardiac arrest, and outcome of CPR has been studied. Results: Sixty-six patients with cardiac arrest were recorded. Mean age was 62.59 (±20.7) years. Cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, and lung diseases were the most common causes of hospitalization. The median length of hospitalization prior to arrest was seven days. CPR was initiated within 30 seconds of arrest detection in all cases. The initial cardiac arrest rhythm was asystole in majority of cases (80.3%) followed by ventricular tachycardia in 10.6 % and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 9.1% of cases. Five patients could survive to discharge in which two patients had a good neurologic outcome. Conclusion: This study indicates that in-hospital cardiac arrest has a poor prognosis, with asystole being the most prevalent initial rhythm.
Accuracy of mitral valve annulus measurements by two-and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, compared to intraoperative measurements in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery
Authors: Toufan Tabrizi Mehrnoush , Javanshir Elnaz , Khezerlouy-Aghdam Naser
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most beneficial diagnostic modality for mitral valve (MV) diseases. However, it is not accurate enough for MV annular sizing. Recent evidence has demonstrated the superiority of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) over TTE. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional TEE (2D-TEE) and three-dimensional TEE (3D-TEE) in preoperative measuring of MV size and specifications. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR) surgery at Shahid Madani Heart Center of Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, in 2020. Thirty-eight patients admitted for MVR surgery were enrolled in this study. Demographic, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiographic studies -including TTE, 2D, and 3D TEE- were performed preoperative for each patient. The accurate size and the specifications of the studied structure were measured by a surgical gauge caliper during the surgery, which was considered the gold standard value. The correlations between obtained parameters were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The data obtained from individual were entered into the SPSS software. Significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mean age of patients was 55.89±11.81 years, and 65.8% were male. Most patients (68.4%) had sinus rhythm. The strongest correlation with the gold standard was observed in mitral annulus circumference measured by the three-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction (3D MPR) method in all patients (r=0.758, P<0.001), [(r=0.723, P<0.001) for patients with sinus rhythm, and (r=0.825, P=0.001) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)]. The minor difference between the echocardiographic measurements and the surgical rule was related to the short axis (SA) in the 3D MPR method (3.3 mm). Conclusion: This study illustrated a high correlation between 3D-MPR TEE measured MV annulus and intra-operative measurements using a surgical gauge caliper as the gold standard.
Prevention and treatment approaches of post-dural puncture headache in obstetric patients: A comprehensive review
Authors: Iranpour Afshin , Boddapati Ramakrishna , Naghilou Sina , Abelazem Aly Amr Aly , Mahmoodpoor Ata
Published: September 2024

Neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia are administered to many patients. The incidence of dural puncture is about 1%, with a higher occurrence in laboring women. Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) develops in 60%-80% of patients after dural puncture which is usually positional and sometimes is accompanied by neck stiffness, photophobia, nausea, or hearing symptoms. It can also drive-up healthcare costs by increasing the length of hospital stay for chronic headache and back pain. PDPH has the potential to cause significant morbidity in the obstetric patients which prolongs the hospital stay. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is considered the gold standard for the management of PDPH. Proper scheduling of analgesics and supporting the patient psychologically as she cares for her newborn is needed. If the intensity of headache is severe, additional agents may be considered. In this review, the different methods and therapeutic approaches for prevention and treatment of PDPH are comprehensively discussed.
Dermatologic manifestations of patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Amirnia Mehrad , Haghdoost Mehdi , Raeisnia Khazar , Raeisnia Asal , Hejazian Seyyed Sina , Amirnia Mehdi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Since the emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, multiple concerns have been raised regarding the unknown nature of the disease, including dermatologic complications. In this study, we discussed dermatologic manifestations of patients with COVID-19 infection who visited our clinic. Methods: Eighty- six patients were involved based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria (50 female and 36 male). All patients with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 who were referred to our dermatologic clinic were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Only lesions which occurred 1 week prior to or 3 months after first COVID-19 symptoms were included. The photographs of all lesions were independently reviewed by four experienced dermatologists and an infectious disease specialist to reach the objectives stated above. Qualitative data presented as frequency (%) and compared using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test, and quantitative data presented as mean±SD or median (IQR) based on normality, with P value≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Eighty- six patients were enrolled in the study (mean±SD age=36.95±17.78). Eighteen specific types of dermatologic complications were seen. The most common lesions included maculopapular rash and scalp hair loss. The only lesions with a statistically significant difference regarding COVID-19 symptom onset time were maculopapular rash, telogen effluvium, and papular urticaria. The only lesions with statistically significant difference regarding COVID-19 severity were maculopapular rash, telogen effluvium, and urticaria. Conclusion: Our study revealed that a wide range of skin lesions may occur in patients with COVID-19. We found a statistically significant relation between disease severity and certain dermatologic manifestations.
The protective effects of Helicobacter pylori: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sadighi Ali , Aghamohammadpour Zahra , Sadeghpour Heravi Fatemah , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Masnadi Shirazi Nezhad Kourosh , Hosseini Samaneh , Bahman Soufiani Katayoun , Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo Hamed
Published: September 2024

Previous reports have estimated that approximately half of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, the most prevalent infectious agent responsible for gastrointestinal illnesses. Due to the life-threatening effects of H. pylori infections, numerous studies have focused on developing medical therapies for H. pylori infections, while the commensal relationship and positive impacts of this bacterium on overall human health have been largely overlooked. The inhibitory efficacy of H. pylori on the progression of several chronic inflammatory disorders and gastrointestinal diseases has recently raised concerns about whether this bacterium should be eradicated in affected individuals or maintained in an appropriate balance depending on the patient’s condition. This review investigates the beneficial effects of H. pylori in preventing various diseases and discusses the potential association of conditions such as inflammatory disorders with the absence of H. pylori.
The effect of post space irrigation protocol and adhesive strategy on push out bond strength to radicular dentin: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Pournaghi Azar Fatemeh , Javari Elaheh , Valizadeh Haleh , Hosseinifard Hossein
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Establishing an effective bond with root dentin remains a complex task, with bond strength diminishing from the coronal to the apical third as a result of reduced dentinal tubule density and limited access to light curing instruments. This network meta-analysis studied the effect of cement and irrigation protocols on push out bond strength to radicular dentin. Methods: In vitro studies evaluating self- etch, self-adhesive, total etch resin cements, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), distilled water, chlorhexidine (CHX) irrigants were included. A network meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. The efficacy of the different irrigation and adhesion protocols was ranked using P scores. A comprehensive search was carried out in the "Web of Science", "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Embase" databases by October, 2022. Results: It was shown that the irrigation protocol and adhesive strategy with the greatest chance of producing higher bond strength was EDTA+NaOCL/Total etch (push out MD 6.69 MPa, P=0.95) proceeded with CHX/self -adhesive (push out MD 3.70 MPa, P=0.77) compared to Distilled water/Total etch as the control group. Conclusion: Network meta-analyses identified EDTA+NaOCL/Total etch resin cement and self-adhesive cements/CHX as the most efficient protocols for increasing push out bond strength to radicular dentin.
Elder abuse among older persons in a local government area in southwest Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Atoyebi Oladele Ademola , Emmanuel Eyitayo Ebenezer , Ipinnimo Tope Michael , Ekpo David Sylvanus , Agunbiade Kehinde Hassan , Sanni Taofeek Adedayo , Atoyebi Olufunmilayo Elizabeth , Ajayi Paul Oladapo
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Elder abuse is a major but subtle social problem affecting millions of older adults globally. Nigeria, a developing nation with about 4% of her 200000000 population being older persons is not left out. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of elder abuse in Oye Ekiti Local Government, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 275 consenting seniors residing in households located in Oye Ekiti Local Government Area was conducted. A correlational matrix was constructed using Pearson correlational coefficients to determine the association between the various sociodemographic characteristics and abuse. Results: Most respondents were males (62.5%) and aged 65 to 74 years (66.9%). Financial abuse was the most prevalent form of abuse (13.8%). The prevalence of abuse increased with age and 15.8% of those aged 65–74 years had suffered a form of abuse compared to (37.5%) aged 85 years and above (OR=3.21, CI: 1.28 – 8.02, P=0.001). Low income and poor formal education were more associated with abuse. Conclusion: Targeted measures and policies should be employed against elder abuse, especially among the oldest old.
Assessment of the hematologic factors as a prognostic factor in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fathalizadeh Arezoo , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Tahmasbi Fateme , Farshbafi Nezhad Zoghi Jalal , Safari Pinar , Shams Vahdati Samad
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Identifying laboratory predictors of disease progression should be a priority in current COVID-19 studies, which leads to an appropriate treatment for patients and reduce the risk of severe or critical illness. In this study we tend to analyze the hematologic and biochemical findings of COVID-19 patients as an easy-to-get diagnostic factor that can become the first choice for disease monitoring and the evaluation of general conditions. Methods: In this retrospective study, all patients with positive COVID-19 diagnosis that admitted to the emergency department, from 1st of April 2020, to 30th June, 2020 were included. For all patients, CBC, differential, urea, serum creatinine, and CRP were collected. Data analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19.0 software. Pearson correlation and spearman correlation were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data correlations respectively. Diagnostic ability of the variables was identified by their ROC curves. Results: A total number of 977 patients were included in this study. The median and mode of the age of the population are 50 and 29 respectively. ROC curves for diagnostic ability indicated that, Urea and creatinine have the highest diagnostic values with its optimum sensitivity and specificity for urea=62.5 mg/dL and creatinine=2.05 mg/dL, with sensitivities of 87.5% and 81.3%, and specificities of 80.6% and 82.1% respectively. Conclusion: The results from the current study show that no chemical or hematologic factor can properly detect COVID-19 in patients. Also, hematologic factors cannot determine patients’ prognosis; however creatinine and urea are able to estimate patients’ prognosis. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on the kidney injuries in COVID-10 patients for predicting their prognosis.
The activity of different brain regions in fatigued and drowsy drivers: A systematic review based on EEG findings
Authors: Ghojazadeh Morteza , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Sahrai Hadi , Beheshti Rasa , Norouzi Ali , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Drowsiness and fatigue during driving is one of the major causes of traffic accidents, morbidity, and mortality in societies. Known electroencephalography (EEG) as a gold standard in fatigue detection, this study aims to determine the alterations in different brain regions in fatigued and drowsy drivers. Methods: The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase have been systematically searched for published studies until September 1, 2023. Also, the references of the relevant articles have been searched manually. Reporting the quality assessment of the studies has been done by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for experimental studies. The study purpose was achieved using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Sixty-five eligible studies consisting of 1450 participants were included. The most common age and gender between participants is young males. The majority of the studies were held in high-income countries. Simulated car driving studies are utilized frequently in the studies. Common brain-wave changes seen in various regions include increased alpha in the occipital area (51.7%) and decreased alpha in the frontal region (eight out of eight simulated driving studies), decreased beta in the frontal region (25.8% of driving simulated studies), increased theta in the frontal region (36.2%), and decreased gamma in the central and temporal areas. Delta waves increase throughout the brain in an equal proportion. Conclusion: The occipital alpha increase, frontal beta decrease, frontal theta increase, and central and temporal gamma decrease, are frequent findings among the studies reporting fatigue and drowsiness. Based on the discrepancies and inconsistencies reported in EEG results, the detection of fatigue and drowsiness in the driving task via EEG data should be done with caution.
The ability of criteria–directed protocol versus emergency severity index and modified rapid emergency medicine score in triage of trauma
Authors: Rajaei Ghafouri Rouzbeh , Jalilian-Hamed Hasan , Jafari Rouhi Asghar , Parsian Zahra
Published: September 2024

Introduction: With respect to high prevalence and high mortality of trauma in our country, Iran, triage of patient trauma is very important. Based on the country protocol, hospital emergencies use from five categories ESI (emergency severity index) in entire country. The ideal triage criteria would be 100% accurate with no under triage or over triage, however, this is not possible. We aimed to survey the ability of criteria –directed protocol versus ESI and modified rapid emergency medicine score (mREMS) in triage of trauma patients. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 patients admitted in Emergency department of Imam Reza hospital in 2020 and triaged by ESI and criteria–directed protocol (CDP). After study of patients, we determined the score of patients in basis of injury severity score (ISS) and mREMS. If the scores of a patient were>15 for ISS and>4 for mREMS, the patient was transmitted to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), otherwise he or she was under triaged. If the scores of a patient was<15 for ISS and<6 for mREMS the patient was transmitted to trauma section, otherwise he or she was over triaged. American surgeon college advices the total of under triaged patients should not exceed 5%. In this study we calculated under triaged patients 8.3% and over triaged 4.1%. Results: This study indicates ESI and ISS have direct connection in triage of patients. Also, CDP and ISS have direct connection in triage of patients. ESI and mREMS have not direct connection with each other. CDP and mREMS have not direct connection and they are independent. Conclusion: Absence of important indices in ESI model for triage of patients for example age, vital sign and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) result in under triage and this injury to patients. Thus, adding of this index in ESI causes ESI have been more efficient and decrease under triage and finally diagnostic and therapeutic actions for patients do fast and exact.
Medical faculty and students’ perceived incivility in virtual classes during the COVID-19 lockdown: A qualitative study
Authors: Shomoossi Nematullah , Torkmannejad Sabzevari Marzie , Rad Mostafa
Published: September 2024

Background: After the COVID-19 lockdown and the dominance of virtual classes in medical education, variant dimensions of incivility emerged and required further exploration. The present study was designed to explore and describe incivility in virtual classes as perceived by students and faculty members. Methods: This qualitative study involved 55 students and 38 faculty members who were recruited by purposive sampling at a major medical university in Iran. Open-ended questions and semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to elicit the participants’ perceptions of incivility in virtual classes. The narrative responses were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results: Nine major categories were extracted, four of which contained students’ incivility (Irresponsibility, dishonesty, unreasonable expectations, and disruptive behavior in virtual classes); and five categories reflected faculty incivility (Lack of accountability, inappropriate classroom management, unfair academic evaluation, disruptive behavior in virtual classes, and inappropriate interactions with students). Conclusion: The students’ and faculty incivility as explored in the present study suggests acknowledging them by stakeholders (students, faculty, and educational management) to expedite effective management of virtual learning and teaching at universities.
Tips plus a national experience for developing a smart university in medical sciences education
Authors: Khani Hamed , Sabet Babak , Habibi Amin
Published: September 2024

The increase in technological developments in recent years and its effects on university systems have compelled countries to rethink higher education structures. Due to these developments, universities of medical sciences are now faced with complex conditions that render the traditional models of higher education ineffective. In this article, the authors present twelve tips based on their experience in creating and developing a smart university (SmU) in the medical sciences. To demonstrate the applicability of these tips, they provide a national example at the end. Shifting from a traditional university to an SmU depends on developing hardware infrastructure, advanced software, and innovative technical applications and platforms. It also requires inter-professional collaboration and the formation of smart learning communities, leadership, and interaction of potential physical, human, financial, intellectual, informational, and technological resources. Additionally, it requires the planning of strategies that guarantee this transformation. Moreover, maintaining such a university requires incorporating social accountability into smart education (SmE) processes and promoting an organizational culture that supports smartization and integrating technology into higher education.
A comparative study of critical thinking implementation in face-to-face and online classrooms: Medical students’ critical thinking and reading comprehension
Authors: Ghorbani Zohreh , Haddad Narafshan Mehry , Jalali Valeh
Published: September 2024

Background: The enhancement of critical thinking (CT) is an essential goal in the educational strategic framework of medical universities across the globe. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the competence in CT abilities as well as the inclination of medical students to actively participate in CT practices. Moreover, educational decision-makers believe that granting medical students the opportunity to utilize technology can enhance their academic performance and stimulate their CT ability level. Hence, this research aimed to compare the influence of implementing a CT framework in traditional classroom settings and online platforms on the CT and reading comprehension of medical students. Methods: Over four months, two groups of 60 medical students (30 students in each group) were exposed to two environments of face-to-face and online English language instruction. The current quasi-experimental study was conducted at a general English language classroom, situated in Islamic Azad University, Kerman branch. Pre-tests and post-tests of CT and reading comprehension were used to measure learners’ improvements in CT and reading comprehension levels before and after the project. Results: The results of this study showed some improvements in the CT and reading comprehension abilities of both face-to-face and online groups (P<0.01). However, the improvements were particularly noticeable in the online group regarding the reading comprehension (M=17.98) and CT (M=107.462) variables compared to the face-to-face group (M=11.39) and (M=51.438). Conclusion: Medical education experts strongly believe that developing and nurturing CT skills among medical students is crucial for improving the overall quality of medical education. In today’s globalized era, the importance of CT cannot be overstated, as it equips students with essential skills needed to navigate complex challenges. Integrating CT into online learning environments is a testament to the progressive nature of medical education in the modern world.
The effect of the feedback method on the obstetrics-gynecology residents’ learning in the management of early postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Boroumand Rezazadeh Mahnaz , Zeraati Tina , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Ghomian Nayereh , Hafizi Leyli , Seyfizadeh Tayebeh , Najaf Najafi Mona , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid
Published: September 2024

Background: Simulation training, a novel learning method, provides medical students with opportunities to practice managing stressful situations as if they were experiencing them in reality. Recently, there has been increased recognition of the value of simulation-based education. This study aimed to evaluate the most effective approach for providing feedback during a simulation program. Methods: In this interventional study, a total of 43 obstetrics and gynecology residents were recruited and stratified into three groups based on their residency stage. These residents participated in a simulation-based program focused on the management of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). The program involved handling a PPH scenario, during which they received feedback either during the task (in-task; IT) or after completing the task (end-task; ET). Following the simulation, a post-test was administered, and the results were compared between the IT and ET feedback groups. Results: Demographic variables did not differ significantly between the ET and IT groups. Generally, there were no significant differences in secondary knowledge (P=0.232) or secondary performance (P=0.196) following the simulation program between the two groups. However, Among second-year residents, the change in primary and secondary performance was not significant in either the ET (P=0.76) or IT (P=0.74) group, while the IT group showed a significant improvement in knowledge (P=0.04). For third-year residents, the point change in primary and secondary knowledge and performance was not statistically significant in either the ET or IT groups. Conclusion: The final knowledge and performance following simulation programs do not significantly differ between the IT and ET groups. However, second-year residents experienced an improvement in knowledge.
Predicting social adjustment based on mindfulness and emotion regulation in university students through panel data model
Authors: Kazemi Fatemeh , Farashbandi Afsaneh
Published: September 2024

Background: Given the important role of social adjustment in improving mental health and quality of life among university students, we must analyze the factors affecting adjustment. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and emotion regulation with social adjustment in university students. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the path analysis method was used with panel data to predict social adjustment based on mindfulness and emotion regulation in university students. The statistical population included all university students in Ahvaz (Iran) in 2022–23. Convenience sampling was employed to select 222 students (177 females and 45 males), who responded to different questionnaires on mindfulness, emotion regulation, and social adjustment at two points of time two months (8 weeks) apart. Results: The findings indicated that mindfulness had a positive significant relationship with emotion regulation in university students (P<0.001). However, emotion regulation had no significant effect on students’ mindfulness. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between emotion regulation and social adjustment in the students. Conclusion: According to the results, mindfulness can be employed to enhance emotion regulation in university students. Given the importance of social adjustment in the mental health and academic achievement of university students, future studies should analyze the relationships between other psychological variables and social adjustment.
Leveling up orthodontic education: Game-based learning as the new frontier in orthodontic curriculum
Authors: Lakshmikantha Hemanth Tumkur
Published: September 2024

Game-based learning (GBL) is becoming a focal point in contemporary orthodontic dental education. This study examines GBL’s ability to provide immersive experiences simulating real-world orthodontic practice. Leveraging technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), 3D modeling, and advanced e-learning platforms, GBL enhances active learning, critical thinking, and decision-making skills. While promising, GBL adoption faces challenges like high costs, technical demands, and curriculum integration hurdles. However, ongoing innovations, personalized learning paradigms, and artificial intelligence (AI) are mitigating these. This research highlights GBL’s measurable impact on student engagement, information retention, and translating theory into orthodontic practice. Through GBL’s lens, orthodontic education undergoes a paradigm shift where students construct comprehensive treatment plans for simulated patients, fulfilling modern orthodontic pedagogy’s evolving requirements.
Perception of the teachers and Phase III (part 1) MBBS students regarding objective structured practical examination (OSPE) and traditional practical examination method
Authors: Gupta Pratibha , Chaudhary Anjuman , Priya Adity , Srivastava Arshita , Kumar Awadhesh , Singh Parul
Published: September 2024

Background: Objective structured practical examination (OSPE) is one of the methods to minimize the variations in subjectivity, thus enhancing objectivity. Currently, OSPE is used for formative assessment during internal examinations in many institutes as universities have still not incorporated it. This study is designed concerning the perception of teachers and Phase III part 1MBBS students regarding OSPE and traditional Practical examination Methods for Phase III part 1MBBS students. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study as a part of educational research was done at a government medical institute in India to explore the perception of students and teachers of OSPE. Students were assessed on the traditional system and also on OSPE. The perception of the students and teachers was taken on a Likert scale-based questionnaire. The scores were also compared between the two groups. Results: In the present study a total of 92 students have participated in the OSPE and a total of 88 students have participated in the Traditional practical examination. A greater number (18) of students could gain marks between 75%-99% by the OSPE method in comparison to the Traditional Practical examination(6). Almost half of the students (50.9%) agreed to the statement that OPSE is a fair mean of examination in comparison to traditional practical examination and are satisfied with the difficulty level (59.6%) and believe that it is an effective and valid tool to assess knowledge (54.4%). Maximum faculty (66.7%) agreed and 33.3% of faculty strongly agreed that OSPE is an effective tool for assessment, is a well-organized system and covers most of the topics from the syllabus. Conclusion: This study showed there was a significant difference in scores obtained in OSPE, in comparison with conventional practical examination. Hence, OSPE is a more effective and valid assessment tool as inter-examiner variation and bias will be eliminated.
A Holistic Model of Organizational Trust with the Approach of Professional Ethics in Iranian Health System: A Case Study of the Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran
Authors: Kashefi Mohammad Hossein , Bohlooli Nader , Eskandari Karim , Emari Hossein
Published: September 2024

Background: Given the growing significance of trust and professional ethics within modern organizations, particularly in universities of medical sciences and educational institutions tasked with safeguarding public health, this study aimed to introduce an inclusive organizational trust model utilizing a professional ethics framework within the healthcare system. Methods: The research method of this study was a cross-sectional survey of 240 managers, experts, and employees of the health system. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been checked and confirmed using relative content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and Cronbach’s alpha. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model with partial least squares (PLS) were used to test the model. Results: Based on the research findings (44.7%), the indicators related to cultural and ethical standards (R2=0.742), internal organizational standards (R2=0.689), organizational consequences (R2=0.758), and social consequences (R2=0.690) accentuate the desirability of endogenous structures within the model. The analysis revealed that all factor loadings’ t-values exceeded 1.96 at the 95% confidence level. Hence, a substantial association between manifest variables (concepts) and latent variables (categories) was established, with all factor loadings being validated. Specifically, environmental factors demonstrate the strongest influence on cultural and ethical standards (t=6.210), while structural domains exert a considerable effect on inter-organizational standards (t=4.614). Notably, inter-organizational standards exhibit the most substantial impact on both social consequences (0.407, t=6.813) and organizational outcomes (0.405, t=3.941). Overall, the findings demonstrated a positive and statistically significant impact of causal conditions on the central phenomenon, contextual, intervening, and central conditions on organizational strategies, as well as strategies on the outcomes of organizational trust within a framework of professional ethics in the healthcare sector. Conclusion: More attention and application of causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors, and central factors increase the category of trust and professional ethics in organizations, especially the universities of medical sciences and medical training centers.
A structural model of academic performance based on the meaning of education and academic optimism for students of medical sciences: The mediating role of stress
Authors: Mahdieh Neda , Hooman Farzaneh , Asgari Parviz
Published: September 2024

Background: Academic performance is a major concern of the education system and indicates its success in goal-setting and meeting individual needs. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of stress in the relationship between the meaning of education and academic optimism with academic performance in students of medical sciences. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population comprised all students of medical sciences at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran (2022-2023). The study sample consisted of 301 students who were selected using convenience sampling and the Meaning of Education Questionnaire, the Academic Optimism Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered. The students’ last-semester grade point average (GPA) was used as an indicator of their academic performance. The proposed model was evaluated via structural equation modeling (SEM), and the bootstrap test was used to study the indirect relationships. Results: The results revealed significant positive associations between the meaning of education and academic performance (β=0.19, P=0.003) and between academic optimism and academic performance (β=0.18, P=0.007) among medical students. Additionally, the meaning of education had a direct negative effect on stress (β=-0.36, P=0.001), while academic optimism also exhibited a direct negative effect on stress (β=-0.43, P=0.001). Furthermore, stress had a significant negative impact on academic performance (β=-0.18, P=0.027). The associations between the indirect paths and academic performance were also significant with the mediating role of stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, the proposed model has a good fit and can be useful in identifying the factors affecting academic performance and stress in the students of medical sciences and in developing and designing programs to prevent academic underachievement and improve academic performance in the target group.