bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of small rodents associated Bartonella species in Zhongtiao Mountain, China
Authors: Yu Juan , Zhang Xiong-Ying , Chen Yun-Xia , Cheng Hong-Bing , Li Dong-Mei , Rao Hua-Xiang
Published: February 2022

The prevalence and molecular characteristics of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Zhongtiao Mountain, China have been explored. In this study, the liver, spleen and kidney tissues of captured rodents were used for Bartonella spp. detection and identification by combination of real-time PCR of transfer-mRNA (ssrA) gene and traditional PCR and sequencing of citrate synthase (gltA) gene. It was shown that 49.52% of the rodents (52/105) were positive for Bartonella spp.. The infection rate in different gender (χ2 = 0.079, P = 0.778) and tissues (χ2 = 0.233, P = 0.890) of small rodents did not have statistical difference, but that in different small rodents (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.001) and habitats (χ2 = 5.483, P = 0.019) had statistical difference. And, the sequencing data suggests that Bartonella sequences (n = 31) were identified into three species, including 14 of B. grahamii, 3 of B. queenslandensis and 14 of unknown Bartonella species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. grahamii sequences were clustered with the isolates from South Korea and China, and B. queenslandensis sequences were mainly closely related to the isolates from China and Thailand. The genetic diversity analysis showed that B. grahamii and B. queenslandensis sequences exhibited noticeable intraspecies diversity. Taken together our data demonstrates the high prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Zhongtiao Mountain, especially a potential novel Bartonella specie was detected, which could benefit the prevention and control of rodent-Bartonella species in this area.
Expansion of social protection is necessary towards zero catastrophic costs due to TB: The first national TB patient cost survey in the Philippines
Authors: Florentino Jhiedon L. , Arao Rosa Mia L. , Garfin Anna Marie Celina , Gaviola Donna Mae G. , Tan Carlos R. , Yadav Rajendra Prasad , Hiatt Tom , Morishita Fukushi , Siroka Andrew , Yamanaka Takuya , Nishikiori Nobuyuki
Published: February 2022

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease associated with poverty. Moreover, a significant proportion of TB patients face a substantial financial burden before and during TB care. One of the top targets in the End TB strategy was to achieve zero catastrophic costs due to TB by 2020. To assess patient costs related to TB care and the proportion of TB-affected households that faced catastrophic costs, the Philippines National TB Programme (NTP) conducted a national TB patient cost survey in 2016–2017.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 1,912 TB patients taking treatment in health facilities engaged with the NTP. The sample consists of 786 drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) patients in urban facilities, 806 DS-TB patients in rural facilities, and 320 drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients. Catastrophic cost due to TB is defined as total costs, consisting of direct medical and non-medical costs and indirect costs net of social assistance, exceeding 20% of annual household income.

Results

The overall mean total cost including pre- and post-diagnostic costs was US$601. The mean total cost was five times higher among DR-TB patients than DS-TB patients. Direct non-medical costs and income loss accounted for 42.7% and 40.4% of the total cost of TB, respectively. More than 40% of households had to rely on dissaving, taking loans, or selling their assets to cope with the costs. Overall, 42.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 40.2–44.6) of TB-affected households faced catastrophic costs due to TB, and it was significantly higher among DR-TB patients (89.7%, 95%CI: 86.3–93.0). A TB enabler package, which 70% of DR-TB patients received, reduced catastrophic costs by 13.1 percentage points (89.7% to 76.6%) among DR-TB patients, but only by 0.4 percentage points (42.4% to 42.0%), overall.

Conclusions

TB patients in the Philippines face a substantial financial burden due to TB despite free TB services provided by the National TB Programme. The TB enabler package mitigated catastrophic costs to some extent, but only for DR-TB patients. Enhancing the current social and welfare support through multisectoral collaboration is urgently required to achieve zero catastrophic costs due to TB.
A Female Doctor (Medica) at Augusta Emerita (Mérida)? Re-examining CIL II 497 from Humanist Readings to the Latest Digital Epigraphy Techniques
Authors: Edmondson Jonathan Charles
Published: February 2022

This paper provides a critical re-examination of a funerary altar (CIL II 497) from Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Spain). It explores the strengths and weaknesses of all previous editions of the text from its first publication in 1633 to the present day, providing a critical review of the development of epigraphic scholarship on Mérida during this long period. Given the problems of all previous editions, including CIL II 497, it then re-examines the altar using traditional epigraphic methods alongside the latest digital techniques (especially Morphological Residual Modelling, M.R.M.) to provide a new edition of the text, while setting the presence of a female doctor at the provincial capital of Lusitania into the broader social context of medical practitioners in Rome’s western provinces.
Toward the calibration of serological assays using sera collected from cattle and sheep following a single dose of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
Authors: Karabassova Aiken S. , Sultanov Akhmetzhan A. , Saduakassova Meruyert A. , King Donald P. , Ludi Anna B. , Browning Clare F. J. , Wilsden Ginette
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Serological assays are widely used to monitor the performance of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines to estimate vaccination coverage and to ensure that vaccinated animals generate adequate immune responses. This study aimed to measure the FMD virus (FMDV)-specific responses in cattle and sheep after a single dose of a trivalent FMD vaccine containing serotypes A, O, and Asia-1, and to use these sera to calibrate virus neutralization tests (VNTs) and serotype-specific serological enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) that can measure post-vaccination responses.

Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from cattle (n=10) and sheep (n=10) on 0, 21, and 56 days after immunization with an imported aqueous formulated FMD vaccine. These samples were tested by VNT using field FMDV isolates that are representative of the epidemiological risks in Central Asia (A/ASIA/Iran-05, A/ASIA/GVII, O/ME-SA/Ind-2001, O/SEA/ Mya-98, O/ME-SA/PanAsia, and Asia-1 Shamir). Heterologous VNT antibody responses were compared to those measured using commercial FMDV-specific ELISAs for serotypes O, A, and Asia 1.

Results: Administration of the FMD vaccine increased FMDV-specific antibody titers for both species in sera collected on day 21, but these elevated titers were short-lived and were decreased by day 56.

Conclusion: These results highlight the short duration of immunity with a single dose of this aqueous vaccine and motivate further studies to assess immune responses in cattle and small ruminants after a two-dose course vaccination schedule. Further comparative data for VNT and serotype-specific ELISAs are needed to define cutoffs that can be used to monitor post-vaccination immune responses in low-containment laboratories where it is not possible to handle live FMDVs.
Fenntarthatóság a HORECA ágazatban
Authors: Juhász-Kis Virág Judit , Lendvai Edina
Published: February 2022

Az elmúlt években a műanyagok gazdasági szerepe egyre jelentősebbé vált. Termelésük folyamatos növekedést mutat, különösen az FMCG-termékek piacán. A 2018-ban, az Európai Unió tagországai által elfogadott stratégia célkitűzései kitérnek az újrahasznosításra, javításra, felhasználásra és az egyéb korlátozásokra. Ezen törekvéseknek ellentmondani látszik a HORECA szektorban használt műanyagok mennyisége, melyet – az előírások miatt – le kell cserélni környezetbarátra. Ebből kiindulva kezdtük kutatásunkat, mely során célul tűztük ki a hazai lakosság, azon belül is a HORECA szektor fogyasztóinak környezetvédelemmel kapcsolatos attitűdjének, véleményének, valamint szokásainak megismerését. Primer kutatásunk előtt a releváns hazai és nemzetközi netnográfiai kutatásokat tanulmányoztuk, azzal a céllal, hogy előkészítsük saját, empirikus úton végzett kutatásunkat.
Excel VBA űrlap kialakítása egymintás t-próba kiértékeléséhez
Authors: Hampel György
Published: February 2022

A Microsoft Excel program Visual Basic for Applications szolgáltatásával kialakítottunk egy felhasználóbarát felületet egymintás t-próba elvégzésére. Így akár az Excel táblázatkezelő használatának ismerete nélkül is lehetőség van az egyik leggyakrabban megjelenő hipotézisvizsgálat, a t-próba elvégzésére. A használathoz elegendő megnyitni az elkészített alkalmazást, s a megjelenő ablakban a szükséges adatok és opciók beállítása után megkapjuk az eredményeket. A program vezérlőkkel biztosítja a könnyű kezelhetőséget, míg a működést eseményvezérelt programozási technikával alakítottuk ki. Az eredményeket megkaphatjuk a betáplált minta adatsor alapján is, de a minta főbb jellemzői, az elemszám, az átlag és a szórás értékéből is. A vizsgálandó hipotézis megadásakor tetszőleges reláció alkalmazható, s ettől függően kétszélű vagy egyszélű eset egyikeként, automatikusan kapjuk meg az eredményeket. Az alkalmazás használatával matematikai statisztikai ismeretek és statisztikai programcsomag nélkül végezhetjük el az egymintás t-próbát.
Kesalahan Pengucapan Vokal Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa 'Kelas Berbicara' UIN Sunan Gunung Djati
Authors: Munandar Ilham , Indira Dian , Darmayanti Nani
Published: February 2022

Error pronunciation is one of the language learning processes. It may happen to all of the language learners, especially in learning a foreign language which the goal is to have more than one language in language skill. This research aims to describe the types of error pronunciation of English vowels which is spoken by ‘Speaking Class’ students in the Language Center of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. This research uses the combination of vowel theories from Roach, McMahon, and Kelly, as well as the error analysis theory from Brown and Crystal. Based on the result, there are three types of error pronunciation of English, namely vowel addition of [e], [ɪ], [a], [ɜː], [ə]; vowel substitution of [ə], [æ], [uː], [ɔː], [ɪ], [iː], [e], [ʌ], [ɑː], [ɒ], [ɜː], [aɪ], [aʊ], [ɪə], [eɪ], [əʊ], [ɔɪ], [eə], [aʊə]; and vowel omission of [ɪ], [ə], [a], [e].
Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Outpatients with Frequent Ventricular Premature Complexes
Authors: Park Kyoung-Min , Im Sung Il , Lee Sung Ho , Gwag Hye Bin , Park Youngjun , Park Seung-Jung , Kim June Soo , On Young Keun
Published: February 2022

Frequent ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and VPC QRS duration are risk factors for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. To determine which clinical characteristics and electrocardiographic features are associated with LV dysfunction (ejection fraction, <50%) and frequent VPCs, we retrospectively reviewed data from a single-center registry of all patients diagnosed with frequent VPCs at a Korean outpatient clinic.

We identified 412 consecutive outpatients (mean age, 54.7 ± 16.8 yr; 227 women [55.1%]) who were diagnosed with frequent VPCs and had no structural heart disease from January 2010 through December 2017. Available transthoracic echocardiograms and 24-hour Holter monitoring data were evaluated to correlate the occurrence of VPCs and symptoms.

Typical VPC-related symptoms (palpitations or dropped beats) were observed in 251 patients (61.1%). Electrocardiograms revealed VPCs with a left bundle branch block–like morphology in 327 patients (79.5%) and VPCs with an inferior axis in 353 (85.8%). Twenty-six patients (6.3%) were diagnosed with VPC-related LV dysfunction. The mean VPC burden did not differ significantly by LV functional status (11.06% ± 10.13% [normal] vs 14.41% ± 13.30% [impaired]; P=0.211). Patients with impaired LV function were more often men (P=0.027), had no typical VPC-related symptoms (P=0.006), and had significantly longer VPC QRS durations (mean, 157 ms vs 139 ms; P <0.01).

Our findings suggest that male sex, absence of typical VPC-related symptoms, and a VPC QRS duration >157 ms are associated with LV dysfunction in patients with frequent VPCs, findings that may be useful in predicting such dysfunction.
Lesky a bídy současné české filosofie
Authors: Fulínová Eliška , Koblížek Tomáš , Pacovská Kamila , Švec Ondřej
Published: February 2022

Interview about the current situation of Czech philosophy.
Effect of Solanum lyratum Polysaccharide on Malignant Behaviors of Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the Circ_UHRF1/miR-513b-5p Axis
Authors: Feng Yuyu , Wang Wei , Liu Conghui
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Solanum lyratum polysaccharide on the malignant behavior of lung cancer cells and its possible mechanism. For this purpose, lung cancer A549 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 mg/mL) of Solanum lyratum polysaccharide for 24 h. Then cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method and clone formation test. Transwell test was used to detect cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in cells were detected by Western blotting, and the protein expressions of circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p were detected by the qRT-PCR method. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p expressions in lung cancer tissues. Results showed that compared with the control group, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of A549 cells that intervened with the Solanum lyratum polysaccharide and expression of Bax protein in the cells were all increased (P<0.05), but the number of clones, migration and invasion and the protein expression of Bcl-2 were all decreased (P<0.05), and were dose-dependent. The expression of circ_UHRF1 in A549 cells that intervened with the S. lyratum polysaccharide was decreased (P<0.05), but the expression of miR-513b-5p was increased (P<0.05). The expression of circ_UHRF1 in lung cancer tissues was higher than that of adjacent tissues (P<0.05), and the expression of miR-513b-5p was lower than that of adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expressions of circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p in lung cancer tissues were negatively correlated (r=-0.861, P<0.05). Circ_UHRF1 could target miR-513b-5p, and the expression of miR-513b-5p in A549 cells knocking down circ_UHRF1 was increased. After knocking down circ_UHRF1, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of A549 cells and protein expression of Bax in the cells were all increased (P<0.05), but the number of clones, migration and invasion and the protein expression of Bcl-2 were all decreased (P<0.05). Up-regulation of circ_UHRF1 reduced the effects of S. lyratum polysaccharide on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of A549 cells. In general, S. lyratum polysaccharide could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells, and induce cell apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the circ_UHRF1/miR-513b-5p axis.
Effect of N-cadherin on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Feng Qu , Xuezhen Shen , Haipeng Li , Jingbin Zhou , Bangtuo Yuan , Chunbao Li , Wei Qi , Yujie Liu , Mingzhu Zhang
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to compare and analyze the effect of N-cadherin on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to explore the related mechanism, so as to provide a novel theoretical basis for the clinical work of articular cartilage injury regeneration and repair. For this purpose, the experimental animals were clean grade SD rats (aged 5-6 weeks, weighing 180-250g). Alcian blue staining was carried out to observe the induced chondrogenesis following N-cadherin inhibition. The specific role of N-cadherin in the Wnt signaling pathway and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by Western blot; while the effect of N-cadherin on the molecular level changes of β-catenin in the cytoplasm was evaluated by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, immunoprecipitation (IP) was used for the verification of the interaction between N-cadherin and β-catenin. Results showed that under the light microscope, 90% of the BMSCs at the third generation, 90% of the cells were fused. Alcian blue staining showed that the green staining area in the BMP2 induction group was large and dense, while that in the N-cadherin inhibition group and blank control group was small and sparse. Western blot revealed that N-cadherin and SOX9 were significantly developed in the BMP2 induction group, but Wnt3a was not significantly developed. While in the N-cadherin inhibition group, the development of Wnt3a was obvious, yet without evident development of N-cadherin and SOX9. The qRT-PCR indicated that the relative mRNA expression of Wnt3a was significantly increased in the N-cadherin inhibition group (P<0.05). However, no obvious difference was observed in the mRNA expression of β-catenin between the BMP2 induction group and the N-cadherin inhibition group (P>0.05). Western blot indicated that in the BMP2 induction group; there existed the development of β-catenin, significant development of phos-GSK-3β and total GSK-3β, but no obvious development of Wnt3a. In the N-cadherin inhibition group, there was significantly enhanced development of Wnt3a and β-catenin than that before, blurred development of phos-GSK-3β than that before, and also obvious development of total GSK-3β with little change from before. N-cadherin promoted the expression of β-catenin mostly in the cell membrane, but only a few in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Additionally, verification by IP showed that N-cadherin and β-catenin were developed on N-cadherin and β-catenin bands, suggesting an interaction between N-cadherin and β-catenin. According to these results, N-cadherin can ultimately promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.
Comparison of curative effect between different retrograde filling materials in young permanent molar root canal therapy
Authors: Qi Fengna , Sun Honglei , Zhang Li , Zheng Jingwei
Published: February 2022

The first mandible and maxilla permanent molars are the first permanent teeth that grow next to the deciduous teeth and may decay due to carelessness. Their caries can spread to the pulpal tentacles and cause pulpal and periapical diseases. In the current study, we tried to compare the curative effect of different retrograde filling materials, i.e. white MTA, gray MTA, Portland cement, and IRM, in young permanent molar root canal therapy. Because IL-1β stimulates bone degradation by osteoclasts, IL-1β gene expression was also measured for further evaluation. For this purpose, 400 students (240 boys and 160 girls) aged 8 to 11 years referred to the Pediatric Dental Center for first permanent molar root canal therapy were selected during two years. After recording the demographic characteristics of each patient, the first permanent molar teeth were examined by a general dentist with Abslang and decayed teeth were considered to have both discolorations in their grooves and apparent opacity. The patients, who need root canal therapy, were divided into four groups. The first group was treated with gray MTA. The second group was treated with white MTA. The third group received Portland cement for root canal therapy. The fourth group was treated with IRM. Also, IL-1β gene expression was evaluated by the real-time PCR technique. Relative changes in gene expression in PBMC cells were performed using One Way ANOVA. SPSS 18 software was used to determine the correlation of gene expression in PBMCs. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (p = 0.12) and gender (p = 0.24). Also, the need for endodontic treatment in the mandible (n = 278) was higher than the maxilla (n = 85) and both jaws (n = 37). But there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the need for endodontic treatment (p = 0.32). The results of Pearson correlation coefficients between studied groups in terms of IL-1β gene expression showed that gray MTA and white MTA were not statistically different, but MTAs were generally different from Portland cement and IRM, with higher IL-1β gene expression. In general, the results showed that the teeth in the vicinity of gray MTA and white MTA showed a more appropriate response than Portland cement and IRM, so the use of MTA and its preference over other materials is recommended. In the case of Portland cement, more studies are needed to reach a conclusion comparing this material with MTA.
Traditional plants utilized for the viral disease treatment
Authors: Mandal Ushashee , Jyotirmayee B , Mahalik Gyanranjan
Published: February 2022

Ethnobotanical research is a well-established field of science that attracts a lot of interest in medicine. Plants are responsible for over 80% of folk remedies used in primary care worldwide. Traditional and herbal medicine knowledge is essential in scientific research, especially when the literature and survey data are not adequately examined. Viral diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide, and they have a significant impact on human health and socioeconomic growth. Many infectious and non-infectious illnesses have long been treated with medicinal plants. The value of medicinal plants has risen in recent centuries. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alone affects almost 40 million people. Coronavirus disease is now the most common viral illness globally, affecting an estimated 176 million people worldwide (COVID-19). A wide range of plant species was found to be effective in treating viral diseases. This review summarizes viral illness, disease outbreaks, and medicinal plants and herbs with antiviral properties useful in drug development programmes.
Does the early aldosterone‐induced SGK1 play a role in early Kaliuresis?
Authors: Al‐Qusairi Lama , Basquin Denis , Stifanelli Matteo , Welling Paul A. , Staub Olivier
Published: February 2022

Urinary K+ potassium excretion rapidly increases after a potassium‐rich meal. The early aldosterone‐induced sgk1 gene (encoding serum and glucocorticoid‐induced kinase 1), activates potassium clearance, but the role of this kinase in the early activation of K+ secretion has not been clearly defined. Here, we challenged inducible renal‐tubule‐specific Sgk1Pax8/LC1 knockout mice with an acute high‐potassium load (HK:5%K+) and compared the physiological and molecular responses to control mice. We observe that urinary excretion after a K+ load over the first 3 h is not dependent on SGK1 but is coincident with the rapid dephosphorylation of the Na+,Cl−‐cotransporter (NCC) to increase distal salt delivery. Molecular analyses indicate that whereas SGK1‐mediated phosphorylation of the ubiquitin‐protein ligase NEDD4‐2 begins to increase by 3h, SGK1‐dependent proteolytic activation of ENaC only becomes detectable after 6 h of HK intake. Consistent with SGK1‐dependent ENaC activation via inhibition of NEDD4‐2‐mediated ubiquitylation, Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice are unable to efficiently inhibit NEDD4‐2 or increase ENaC cleavage after 6 h of HK. Nevertheless, no defect in acute K+ balance was detected in the mutant mice after 6 h of HK. Moreover, we found that Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice reduce NCC phosphorylation and NCC‐mediated salt absorption to a greater extent than control mice after a K+ load, promoting increased amiloride‐sensitive Na+‐reabsorption via ENaC to maintain adequate kaliuresis. Together, these data indicate that: (a) during the early 3 h of HK intake, K+ excretion is SGK1‐independent even under an extreme K+ challenge, (b) shortly after, SGK1 inhibits NEDD4‐2 and activates ENaC to stimulate K+‐secretion, (c) SGK1‐dependent phosphorylation of NCC occurs, acting more likely as a brake pedal to prevent excessive K+ loss.
Nonparametric C- and D-vine-based quantile regression
Authors: Tepegjozova Marija , Zhou Jing , Claeskens Gerda , Czado Claudia
Published: February 2022

Quantile regression is a field with steadily growing importance in statistical modeling. It is a complementary method to linear regression, since computing a range of conditional quantile functions provides more accurate modeling of the stochastic relationship among variables, especially in the tails. We introduce a nonrestrictive and highly flexible nonparametric quantile regression approach based on C- and D-vine copulas. Vine copulas allow for separate modeling of marginal distributions and the dependence structure in the data and can be expressed through a graphical structure consisting of a sequence of linked trees. This way, we obtain a quantile regression model that overcomes typical issues of quantile regression such as quantile crossings or collinearity, the need for transformations and interactions of variables. Our approach incorporates a two-step ahead ordering of variables, by maximizing the conditional log-likelihood of the tree sequence, while taking into account the next two tree levels. We show that the nonparametric conditional quantile estimator is consistent. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated in both low- and high-dimensional settings using simulated and real-world data. The results support the superior prediction ability of the proposed models.
New Jersey maternal mortality dashboard: an interactive social-determinants-of-health tool
Authors: Hutchinson-Colas Juana A. , Balica Adrian , Chervenak Frank A. , Friedman Douglas , Locke Linda Sloan , Bachmann Gloria , Cheng Ru-fong Joanne
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The United States maternal mortality (MM) rate is the highest amid developed/industrialized nations, and New Jersey’s rate is among the highest. Healthcare professionals, public health officials, and policy makers are working to understand drivers of MM. An interactive data visualization tool for MM and health-related information (New Jersey Maternal Mortality Dashboard [NJMMD]) was recently developed.

Methods

NJMMD is an open-source application that uses data from publicly available state/federal government sources to provide a cross-sectional, high-level depiction of potential relationships between MM and demographic, social, and public health factors.

Results

MM rates or ratios (maternal deaths/1,000 women aged 15–49 years or 100,000 live births, respectively) are available by year (2005–2017), age (5-year [15–49] periods), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, Black, or Asian; Hispanic; or other), and by contextual social determinants of health (percent insured; percent covered by Medicaid; difference in nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex Cesarian birth rate from New Jersey goal; number of obstetrician/gynecologists or midwives per capita; and poverty rate). Bar graphs also can be produced with these variables.

Conclusions

NJMMD is the first publicly available, interactive, state-focused MM tool that takes into account the intersection of social and demographic determinants of health, which play important roles in health outcomes. Trends and patterns in variables associated with MM and health can be identified for New Jersey and each of its 11 counties, and inform areas of focus for further analysis. Outputs may enable researchers, policy makers, and others to develop appropriate interventions and be better positioned to set benchmarks, allocate resources, and evaluate outcomes.
On Natural and Transcendental Illusions in a Kantian-Pragmatist Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: February 2022

The covid-19 pandemic and the increasingly polarized political situation in many countries today have highlighted the significance of various humanly natural intellectual mistakes, cognitive biases, and widespread inferential errors. This essay examines, at a philosophical meta-level, the relation between our natural epistemic errors and the kind of humanly unavoidable transcendental illusion analyzed by Immanuel Kant in the Transcendental Dialectic of the First Critique. While both kinds of illusion are usually primarily discussed in an epistemological context, my approach is not exclusively epistemic. Rather, my main argument extends the broadly Kantian critique of reason – as a critical via negativa focusing on what is epistemically “wrong” about us, as the kind of cognitive agents we human beings naturally are – into a pragmatically enriched investigation of “the negative” as constitutive of the human condition, that is, our lack of sufficiently critical epistemic and ethical capacities, including our propensity to both cognitive error and moral evil. Our being inescapably inclined to manifest such negativities in our epistemic and ethical lives, and our insufficient awareness of doing so, are, arguably, “transcendental facts” about us, to be critically examined in terms of a Kantian-cum-pragmatist philosophical anthropology. This significantly enriches our picture of transcendental philosophy.
Exploring the oral communication strategies used in online classroom discussion
Authors: Parcon Richard Espino , Reyes Zenaida Q.
Published: February 2022

This study explored the oral communication strategies used by grade 12 students in online classroom discussion. In specific, it dealt with the following research objectives: identifying the types of oral communication strategies used by the students during online classroom discussion and determining the factors that influenced the grade 12 students in using specific types of oral communication strategies. Using content analysis, the recorded discussion in an online classroom, particularly the responses of the students, were transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted. A semi-structured interview was conducted to determine the factors that influenced the students in using the specific type of oral communication strategies. Thus, the triangulation method was used. The findings of this study revealed that 18 out 34 oral communication strategies in Dornyei and Scott (1997)’s taxonomy of oral communication strategies was evidently implemented during online classroom discussion. The lack of linguistic knowledge (vocabulary and structure of English language), and the lack of confidence in using English language during online classroom discussion, combined with the inability to grasp ideas, experiencing speaking anxiety, and other external factors such as having a poor internet connection and the choice of language used by the teacher during online classroom discussion, were the factors that influenced the students in using oral communication strategies during online classroom discussion.
A study on factors contributing to students’ English pronunciation
Authors: Cholisah Nur , Tresnadewi Sintha , Yaniafari Rahmati Putri
Published: February 2022

One of the most important things in learning English as a second language is pronunciation. Having good pronunciation can lead to a successful Speech communication. However, many students find it difficult in learning pronunciation. Many studies have already been conducted to dig in the difficulties and try to overcome the issue. In fact, there are still many students who have good pronunciation, yet not many researchers have conducted studies on how to dig in the factors contributing to it. This study aims at finding the factors that may contribute to the students’ good English pronunciation by applying a descriptive qualitative research design. Some instruments were used in collecting the data such as a pronunciation test, an observation checklist, a field note, and an interview guide. This study found that there were four big factors that contributed to the students’ English pronunciation: education, exposure, environment, and motivation. Each factor has made a powerful contribution to the subjects’ English pronunciation such as applying a reflective practice method, providing a lot of input about English, providing supportive family and friend, and providing a strong motivation to reach something. This study suggests that future researcher might use the pronunciation test with categorization of words in it.
Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Authors: Baum Rebecca , Campo John
Published: February 2022

Key Points

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) may include pain, fatigue, or urinary, cardiovascular, rheumatologic, or gastrointestinal concerns.Medically unexplained symptoms are often associated with mental health problems, especially with anxiety and depression. Only a small minority of MUS are due to unrecognized physical disease.Assess for physical conditions, yet avoid unnecessary medical tests.Review symptom characteristics and their effect on functioning.Consider using screening tools to help clarify the diagnosis (eg, general psychosocial screening tools, Children’s Somatization Inventory, Functional Disability Inventory).Include the diagnosis of somatic symptom and related disorders from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, in the differential diagnosis, not merely as an excluded diagnosis.Intervention by the pediatric clinician can include all the following steps:Empathetically acknowledging distress caused by MUSReaching agreement with the patient and family on incremental steps toward improving functioning and addressing co-occurring mental health concerns and improving the family’s mental health generally (see General Treatment Approach: Universal Strategies to Reinforce Strengths and Promote Emotional Health Within Families")Encouraging the family to reinforce healthy behaviors and minimize secondary gainConveying optimism that distress will decrease with interventionEducating the patient and familyCoordinating with other clinicians involved in the child’s care to prevent unnecessary attention to physical concerns and costly, intrusive workupsWhen severe impairment occurs, refer to mental health professionals for evidence-based therapy and ensure treatment of co-occurring mental health conditions.
Pediatric Firearm Injury Mortality Epidemiology
Authors: Andrews Annie L. , Killings Xzavier , Oddo Elizabeth R. , Gastineau Kelsey A.B. , Hink Ashley B.
Published: February 2022

Firearm injury is a leading and preventable cause of death for youth in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web-based injury statistics query and reporting system was queried to examine changes in firearm injury mortality among youth aged 0 to 19 from 2001 to 2019. This includes assessment of overall mortality rates, mortality rates based on intent and race/ethnicity, and the proportion of deaths due to homicide, suicide, and unintentional shootings among different age groups. Regression analysis was used to identify significant differences in mortality rate over time between Black and White youth. Deaths due to firearm injury were compared with deaths due to motor vehicle traffic collisions. In 2019, firearm injuries surpassed motor vehicle collisions to become the leading cause of death for youth aged 0-19 years in the United States, after excluding deaths due to prematurity and congenital anomalies. Homicide is the most common intent across all age groups, but suicide represents a large proportion of firearm deaths in 10- to 19-year-old youth. In 2019, Black youth had a firearm mortality rate 4.3 times higher than that of White youth and a firearm homicide rate over 14 times higher than that of White youth. For each additional year after 2013, the mortality rate for Black youth increased by 0.55 deaths per 100 000 compared with White youth (time by race interaction effect P < .0001). These data indicate the growing burden of firearm injuries on child mortality and widening racial inequities with Black youth disproportionately affected by firearm violence. This public health crisis demands physician advocacy to reduce these preventable deaths among youth.
COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: From pathophysiology to therapy. Mini-review
Authors: Fekete Monika , Szarvas Zsofia , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Feher Agnes , Dosa Norbert , Lehoczki Andrea , Tarantini Stefano , Varga Janos Tamas
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a vulnerable group in terms of the outcome of coronavirus infection in relation to their disease or its treatment, with a higher risk of developing serious complications compared to the healthy population.

Aim

The aim of our summary study is to review the background and health outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19 infection in the presence of both diseases.

Methods

Review of national and international medical databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and MOB) with keywords COPD, COVID-19, disease risk, cause, prevention, complications, and prognosis.

Results

Meta-analyses show that COPD is one of the most common underlying conditions in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Such patients are five times more likely to develop a serious complication due to oxygen supply problems therefore they are more likely to be admitted to intensive care units, where they may require mechanical ventilation. In the case of underlying COPD, the usual care plan for COVID-19 infection should be followed, as well as all public health recommendations to minimize the risk of developing and transmitting COVID-19.

Conclusion

Coronavirus infection is especially dangerous for COPD patients, who are much more likely to become seriously ill, so increased surveillance, prevention, early detection, adequate treatment and rehabilitation of the disease group are of paramount importance.
The Trichoptera of Panama. XVII. One new genus record and twelve first species records of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from the Republic of Panama
Authors: Armitage Brian J. , Harris Steven C. , Ríos González Tomás A. , Aguirre E. Yusseff P. , Arefina-Armitage Tatiana I.
Published: February 2022

Herein we add first country records to Panama’s microcaddisfly fauna (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae), one genus—Orthotrichia Eaton, 1873—and 12 species—Alisotrichia latipalpis Flint, 1991; Hydroptila constricta Bueno-Soria, 1984; Metrichia decora Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003; Metrichia malada (Flint, 1991); Neotrichia amplector Keth, 2004; Neotrichia armata Botosaneanu, 1993; Neotrichia kampa Oláh & Johanson, 2011; Ochrotrichia silva Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998; Orthotrichia aegerfasciella (Chambers, 1873); Rhyacopsyche hasta Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007; Rhyacopsyche mexicana (Flint, 1067); and Zumatrichia strobilina Flint, 1970. Panama now hosts 461 species of Trichoptera.
An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Isla María Cleofas, Mexico
Authors: Nolasco-Luna Jose Rafael , Barraza-Soltero Ilse K. , López-Montes Manuel A. , Moreno-López Jesús A. , Escobedo-Galván Armando H.
Published: February 2022

We provide an updated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Isla María Cleofas, Mexico. This island is located at the Islas Marías Archipelago Biosphere Reserve on the coast of the state of Nayarit. The herpetofaunal diversity of Isla María Cleofas has been addressed for over a century; however, the literature is limited just a few scientific explorations and occasional records. In addition, previous herpetofaunal lists contain taxonomic inaccuracies, which are revised here, and recent nomenclatural changes are incorporated. Records of three newly reported species, Lampropeltis polyzona Cope, 1860, Leptophis diplotropis (Günther, 1872) and Tantilla calamarina Cope, 1866, were obtained during our fieldwork. Based on both our field observations and a literature review, the herpetofauna of Isla María Cleofas includes 16 species (two amphibians and 14 reptiles). We also review the conservation status of all species using three independent systems [NOM 059-SEMARNAT-2010, IUCN, and environmental vulnerability score (EVS)]. Finally, we discuss the likely occurrence of evolutionary independent lineages on the island.
Investigation of the effect of acute badminton training on selected biomotoric parameters
Authors: Yılmaz Nurkan
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. One of the fastest racquet sports in the world, badminton is defined as a versatile, explosive sprint sport that requires players to perform intense rhythmic movements with its highly competitive and dynamic feature. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of 4-week badminton training on some selected biomotoric features in young individuals engaged in recreational sports.

Material and Methods. Twenty seven students of sports sciences voluntarily participated in the study (age = 18,85 ± 0,98 years). A total of 4 weeks of training was given for 2 hours a day specific to badminton sport. We examined the effects of pre-post training development of biomotoric properties, flexibility, reaction, vertical jump, balance and agility parameters on performance. Statistical analyzes of the data obtained as a result of the research were obtained using the IBM SPSS 23.0 package program.

Results. The differences before and after badminton training, a statistically significant difference was found between pretest and posttest measurements of flexibility (5.53%), reaction (24.66%), vertical jump (8.93%), and agility (2.54%) tests (p<0.05). In the balance test, although there was a mathematical difference of 17.84%, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Finally, 4-week training improves flexibility, reaction, vertical jump and agility performances in a positive and meaningful way (p<0.05).

Conclusions. The findings showed that the training method specific to badminton sport improved the flexibility, reaction, vertical jump and agility performances of individuals compared to pre-training. Specifically, these results revealed that the training-performance relationship clearly affects each other positively. In future studies, it can be predicted that more multidisciplinary training methods will be directed to research by making macro plans.
The effect of plyometric training on competition period muscle damage in amateur footballers
Authors: Şirin Tayfun
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of plyometric training on the damage muscle in amateur footballers. 

Material and Methods. The research group consists of 19 footballers with an average age of 23.41 ± 3.2. In addition to football training, the research group received a plyometric training program from the third week of the preparation period (two days a week) to the sixth week of the competition period (one day a week). Blood samples were taken in the sixth week of the competition period, before and after the training and on the day of the competition. CK activity was determined in sera obtained from centrifuged blood. It was analyzed with the Roche Diagnostic kit on an Integra (800-Roche) biochemistry device. Tests used: Vertical Jump Test; 30 m. Sprint Test; Illinois Agility Test; Flexibility Test. Statistical analysis were performed by t-test, according to normality test in SPSS 10.0 package program.

Results. The blood samples taken before and after the training were compared with creatine kinasevalues. It was seen that there was an increase and this increase returned to normal on the match day. In 30 meters sprint tests and Iliniois tests, significant reductions were found (p<0.05). While a significant difference was detected in the pre- and post-tests, pre-training and match day, no significant difference was found in CK values (p>0.05).

Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, it can be recommended to reduce the intensity of the training to be done after the plyometric training due to the high CK value in the blood. It can be said that plyometric studies can play an important role in improving the performance of footballers.
Acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, massage and combine protocols on flexibility, vertical jump and hand grip strength performance in kickboxers
Authors: Eken Özgür , Bayer Ramazan
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. Strength, power and flexibility are among the features that provide advantage against the opponent in kick boxers. There are many factors that can affect the development of these parameters in a positive and negative way before the competition. These factors may differ according to the type and intensity of warm-up and stretching exercises, depending on psychological and physiological conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, massage, PNF+massage on flexibility, vertical jump and hand grip strength performance in kickboxers.

Materials and Methods. The sample group of the study consisted of 12 men (age: 18.50 ± 0.97 years, height: 161.60 ± 4.47 cm, body weight: 62.20 ± 9.07 kg, BMI: 23.77 ± 2.63), who did kick-box regularly for at least 3 years. This group performed 4 different stretching and warm up protocols on non-consecutive days. Warm up and stretching protocols were determined as follows: light jogging for only 5 minutes (NSM), PNF stretching (PNF), massage (M), PNF stretching+massage (PNF+M). After warm up and stretching protocols, participants completed vertical jump, flexibility and hand grip strength

Results. There was a significant improvement on flexibility performance in order from low to high respectively NSM, PNF, PNF+M, M. Moreover, there was a significant difference between NSM and PNF, NSM and M, NSM and PNF+M in flexibility (p<.05). There was a significant difference between PNF and PNF+M, M and PNF+M in favour of PNF+M in vertical jump (p<.05). There was a significant decrease in right- and left-hand grip strength for all protocols.

Conclusion. As a result of the study, PNF and massage can be recommended to kickboxers before flexibility performance. However, PNF and massage are not recommended before activities that affect the lower extremity, such as strength and vertical jump.
The effect of TRX suspension trainer and BOSU platform after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint
Authors: Andrejeva Julija , Grisanina Anastasija , Sniepienė Grazina , Mockiene Asta , Strazdauskaite Dainora
Published: February 2022

Background and Study Aim. The tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is experienced by people of all ages for a variety of reasons. The physiotherapy procedures with different equipment help recover lost functions. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ‘TRX’ (Total body Resistance eXercise) suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ (Both Sides Utilized) after anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint reconstruction.

Material and Methods. The study included 20 patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, 13 women, age (31.7 ± 3.4) and 7 men, age (31.7 ± 3.5) participated in the assessment. The strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles was assessed by Lovett scale. The range of motion of the knee joint was assessed by goniometer. The static and dynamic body balance was assessed by Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. The stability of the knee joint was assessed by Lachman test. The statistical data reliability was evaluated using Student's T criterion.

Results. The data obtained showed that stabilization exercises with ‘TRX’ suspension trainer ant platform ‘BOSU’ have positive effect on knee joint after reconstruction. In the first and second group strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles, amplitude of knee joint, static and dynamic balance significantly increased (p<0.05). Knee joint stability increased. Comparing both groups’ results, there are no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). 

Conclusions. Physiotherapy exercises with TRX suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ can help patients to return lost muscles strength, knee joint amplitude, static and dynamic balance and knee joint stability.