bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of motion signals across the visual cortical hierarchy during bistable perception
Authors: Beneyton Kim , Heilbron Micha , Kennedy Henry , Knoblauch Kenneth , de Lange Floris P.
Published: December 2023

Top-down influences play a critical role in perception. In vision, an ideal paradigm for studying these influences exploits ambiguous sensory experience where perceptual interpretation fluctuates spontaneously over time. This allows addressing how the neural mechanisms of bottom-up and top-down signals interact during the construction of an internal representation of the outside world. An ambiguous visual experience reflects internally-driven representations varying over time and their resolution engages perceptual decision-making. With functional imaging, we investigated in human subjects how ambiguous perceptual states are represented within early visual areas using a bistable moving plaid that is alternatively perceived as two superimposed grating components sliding over each other obliquely or as a single rightward moving pattern. We show that direction-specific voxels encoding the current perceptual state are found across the entire cortical visual hierarchy, but unexpectedly that pattern selectivity is particularly strong in area V1. While oblique-tuned V1 voxels preferentially respond during the component percept, rightward-tuned voxels were selectively activated during the pattern perceptual state. Consideration of the intrinsic connectivity of area V1 suggests that complex pattern-selective activity at the lowest hierarchical level of visual cortex reflects feedback signals from higher-level areas. These findings address functional cortical hierarchy and the role of feedback signals on cortical processing underlying perception.
DRR pioneers' interview [1]
Authors: Delica-Willison Zenaida
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The transcript talks about early days of disaster risk reduction from a community based perspective all the way from the 70s.

Design/methodology/approach

The transcript and video was developed in the context of a UNDRR project on the History of DRR.

Findings

The transcript presents learnings from past experiences using citizenry-based development-oriented disaster management.

Originality/value

Citizenry-based development-oriented disaster management is not yet fully captured in the literature.
Examining the link between responsible leadership and employee sustainable performance: the mediating role of ethical climate
Authors: Khanam Zeba , Tarab Sheema , Khan Zebran
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the relationship between responsible leadership (RL) and employee sustainable performance (ESP), utilizing the CSR theory as a theoretical framework. Furthermore, this study aims to examine the role of ethical climate as a potential mediator in the relationship between RL and ESP.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 415 employees from the healthcare sector of India was collected through a questionnaire-based survey by using the convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4.

Findings

The study's findings demonstrated a significant, positive association between RL and ESP [employee well-being (EWB) and employee performance (EP)]. Additionally, the findings show that ethical climate partially mediates the link between RL and ESP (EWB and EP).

Research limitations/implications

The generalizability of the study's data collection is limited because it is based on the responses of Indian healthcare sector employees to an online and offline survey. The authors propose that the healthcare industry implement an intensive leadership training program in light of the findings of this study, which will aid human resource (HR) managers in comprehending the significance of RL and fostering related behaviors, such as encouraging employees to maintain ethical behavior and positive attitudes.

Originality/value

To the authors' understanding, this study is among the earliest attempts to present an integrative model that examines the relationship between RL, ethical climate and ESP in the context of Indian healthcare employees, incorporating the theory of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Moreover, the novelty of this research study examines the relationship between RL and ESP, with an ethical climate serving as a mediator. The focus is specifically on employees working in the Indian healthcare sector.
Sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions: work values and the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Srivastava Mayuri , Shivani Shradha , Dutta Sraboni
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this empirical study is to enable a better understanding of the construct sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) and thereby promote sustainable entrepreneurship. It aims to examine the significance of work values (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards and job security) as antecedents of SEI and to test the mediating effect of three constructs derived from the theory of planned behaviour – attitude towards sustainability, perceived entrepreneurial desirability and perceived entrepreneurial feasibility on the relationships between work values and SEI.

Design/methodology/approach

Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed using analysis of moment structures v27 and statistical package for social science v28 on data obtained from the survey of young individuals of India. The respondents were students enrolled in higher education programmes.

Findings

All the identified antecedents (extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, job security and theory of planned behaviour constructs) were found to be statistically significant. The partial mediating effect of the theory of planned behaviour constructs was also reported.

Originality/value

This empirical work leads to the theoretical advancement of the emerging construct, SEI, by presenting evidence of the significant individual-level antecedents of the construct. The results lead to recommendations for policymakers and educators to design strategies to strengthen SEI, thereby expanding the adoption of sustainable entrepreneurship.
Clinical implications of extremely elevated C‐reactive protein among febrile immunocompetent children
Authors: Saar Shirley , Scheuerman Oded , Zuabi Tarek , Amarilyo Gil , Abu Mor , Goldberg Lotem , Goldberg Bar , Shirman Nina , Vardi Yoav , Pasternak Yehonatan , Levinsky Yoel
Published: December 2023

Aim

To identify the various diagnoses associated with extremely elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) (>30 mg/dL) among immunocompetent children and to evaluate its clinical implications during emergency department (ED) workup and hospital management.

Methods

Children (3 months–18 years) with fever in ED were included, retrospectively. The cohort was divided into two groups—‘extremely elevated CRP’ (>30 mg/dL) and ‘highly elevated CRP’ (15–30 mg/dL).

Results

Included were 1173 patients with CRP 15–30 mg/dL and 221 with CRP > 30 mg/dL. Bacterial infection was more prevalent among the extremely elevated CRP group (94.1% vs. 78.5%, respectively, p = 0.002). Specifically, bacterial pneumonia (52%), cellulitis (7.2%) and sepsis (4.1%) were more prevalent among this group. More of these patients were reported as ‘Ill appearing’ [78 (35.3%) vs. 166 (17.4%), p < 0.001]. They were more often treated with fluids [33 (14.9%) vs. 50 (5.3%), p < 0.001] and a higher portion of them required admission to an intensive care unit [11 (5.0%) vs. 16 (1.7%), p = 0.007].

Conclusion

Febrile children with extremely elevated CRP showed greater illness severity (haemodynamic instability, PICU admissions), thus careful clinical attention is desirable in these cases. More than half of them had bacterial pneumonia, which reinforces the importance of relevant investigation when diagnosis is unclear.
Heterogeneity of nucleolar morphology in four‐cell mouse embryos after IVF: association with developmental potential
Authors: Bari Md Wasim , Morishita Yoshiya , Kishigami Satoshi
Published: December 2023

In mammals, around fertilization, the nucleolus of embryos transforms into the nucleolus precursor bodies (NPBs), which continue to mature until the blastocyst stage, leading to distinct morphological changes. In our study, we observed two types of nucleolar morphology in mouse in vitro fertilized embryos at the four‐cell stage, which we refer to single nucleolus (SN) and multiple nucleoli (MN). To visualize nucleolar morphology, four‐cell embryos were immunostained with anti‐NOPP140 antibody. These embryos were categorized into five types based on the number of blastomeres carrying SN: SN4/MN0, SN3/MN1, SN2/MN2, SN1/MN3, and SN0/MN4, with percentages of 13, 27, 21, 23 and 9, respectively. Next, using a light microscope, we divided the four‐cell in vitro fertilized embryos without fixation into two groups: those with at least two blastomeres displaying SN (SN embryos) and those without (MN embryos). Notably, significantly more SN embryos developed into blastocysts and offspring at 18.5 dpc compared with MN embryos. Furthermore, SN embryos displayed a higher NANOG‐positive cell number at the blastocyst stage, significantly lower body and placental weights, resulting in a higher fetal/placental ratio. These findings suggest a close association between nucleolar state at the four‐cell stage and subsequent developmental potential.
A novel two‐stage approach to the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with intra‐cardiac tumour extension and Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Perini Marcos V. , Ischia Joseph , Woon Dixon , Bhaskar Jayapadman , Starkey Graham , Qi Sara , Wetherell David , Ellard Louise , McCall Peter , Miles Lachlan F. , Seevanayagam Siven
Published: December 2023

Objective

To present the early results of a new technique for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with intra‐cardiac tumour extension and Budd–Chiari syndrome.

Patients and Methods

The first stage involves transdiaphragmatic debulking of the right heart, inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins via median sternotomy, followed by a purse‐string suture placed in the IVC below the hepatic veins. The second stage is performed separately and involves en bloc resection of the affected kidney, and IVC and vascular reconstruction via an abdominal incision.

Results

Three of five patients presented with clinical Budd–Chiari syndrome; two had radiological features only. The median time between surgical procedures was 12 days (IQR 13 days). Four of the five patients had a R0 resection. While all five patients successfully completed both operative stages, one patient died 22 days after the second stage. Of the remaining four, all survive with no disease recurrence.

Conclusion

While we continue to compile longer‐term data for a larger follow‐up series, these preliminary findings show the feasibility of this technique and support the development of this programme of surgery.
Doing and undoing gendered racism with racialized girls: A school‐based youth participatory action research study
Authors: Angod Leila
Published: December 2023

This article explores the ethics and transformative potential of youth participatory action research (yPAR) using data from a 2‐year school‐based yPAR study at an elite, independent school in Toronto, Canada. I use discourse analysis to show how school‐based yPAR with racialized girls intensified their experiences of gendered racism, shaping the research in a circular fashion. I demonstrate how youth researchers' strategies for counteracting this intensification contradicted the project's critical race feminist investments. This study concludes that yPAR facilitators must address the potential/actual harm of youth researchers' involvement in yPAR as part of the research process.
Modeling Brain Representations of Words' Concreteness in Context Using GPT‐2 and Human Ratings
Authors: Bruera Andrea , Tao Yuan , Anderson Andrew , Çokal Derya , Haber Janosch , Poesio Massimo
Published: December 2023

The meaning of most words in language depends on their context. Understanding how the human brain extracts contextualized meaning, and identifying where in the brain this takes place, remain important scientific challenges. But technological and computational advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence now provide unprecedented opportunities to study the human brain in action as language is read and understood. Recent contextualized language models seem to be able to capture homonymic meaning variation (“bat”, in a baseball vs. a vampire context), as well as more nuanced differences of meaning—for example, polysemous words such as “book”, which can be interpreted in distinct but related senses (“explain a book”, information, vs. “open a book”, object) whose differences are fine‐grained. We study these subtle differences in lexical meaning along the concrete/abstract dimension, as they are triggered by verb‐noun semantic composition. We analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations elicited by Italian verb phrases containing nouns whose interpretation is affected by the verb to different degrees. By using a contextualized language model and human concreteness ratings, we shed light on where in the brain such fine‐grained meaning variation takes place and how it is coded. Our results show that phrase concreteness judgments and the contextualized model can predict BOLD activation associated with semantic composition within the language network. Importantly, representations derived from a complex, nonlinear composition process consistently outperform simpler composition approaches. This is compatible with a holistic view of semantic composition in the brain, where semantic representations are modified by the process of composition itself. When looking at individual brain areas, we find that encoding performance is statistically significant, although with differing patterns of results, suggesting differential involvement, in the posterior superior temporal sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus and anterior temporal lobe, and in motor areas previously associated with processing of concreteness/abstractness.
Tourette Syndrome and cautious neurodiversity‐disability categorization
Authors: Jones Daniel P.
Published: December 2023

This letter to the editor is on the commentary by Ne'eman et al. To view this paper visit https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15746.
The role of copy number variants in the genetic architecture of common familial epilepsies
Authors:   Epi4K Consortium
Published: December 2023

Objective

Copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to genetic risk and genetic etiology of both rare and common epilepsies. Whereas many studies have explored the role of CNVs in sporadic or severe cases, fewer have been done in familial generalized and focal epilepsies.

Methods

We analyzed exome sequence data from 267 multiplex families and 859 first‐degree relative pairs with a diagnosis of genetic generalized epilepsies or nonacquired focal epilepsies to predict CNVs. Validation and segregation studies were performed using an orthogonal method when possible.

Results

We identified CNVs likely to contribute to epilepsy risk or etiology in the probands of 43 of 1116 (3.9%) families, including known recurrent CNVs (16p13.11 deletion, 15q13.3 deletion, 15q11.2 deletion, 16p11.2 duplication, 1q21.1 duplication, and 5‐Mb duplication of 15q11q13). We also identified CNVs affecting monogenic epilepsy genes, including four families with CNVs disrupting the DEPDC5 gene, and a de novo deletion of HNRNPU in one affected individual from a multiplex family. Several large CNVs (>500 kb) of uncertain clinical significance were identified, including a deletion in 18q, a large duplication encompassing the SCN1A gene, and a 15q13.3 duplication (BP4‐BP5).

Significance

The overall CNV landscape in common familial epilepsies is similar to that of sporadic epilepsies, with large recurrent deletions at 15q11, 15q13, and 16p13 contributing in 2.5%–3% of families. CNVs that interrupt known epilepsy genes and rare, large CNVs were also identified. Multiple etiologies were found in a subset of families, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing for multiple affected family members. Rare CNVs found in a single proband remain difficult to interpret and require larger cohorts to confirm their potential role in disease. Overall, our work indicates that CNVs contribute to the complex genetic architecture of familial generalized and focal epilepsies, supporting the role for clinical testing in affected individuals.
Atypical activation of the RNA sensor MDA5 by hepatitis C virus
Authors: Chakraborty Surajit , Zhu Junji , Gack Michaela U.
Published: December 2023

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant human pathogen that can cause a number of serious diseases including chronic inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A key enzyme in the HCV life cycle is the nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B), which functions as an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) responsible for replicating the viral RNA genome. In their recent study, Dansako and colleagues showed that HCV NS5B induces type I interferon via activation of the RNA receptor MDA5, an activity that was dependent on the RdRp enzymatic activity but independent of viral RNA replication. Their data further indicated that the NS5B enzymes of HCV and the related GB virus‐B produce cellular double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) species with potential immunostimulatory activity. These findings unveil an unconventional mechanism of activation of MDA5‐mediated host immunity by viral RdRp enzymes, which is expected to spur new research directions in viral immunology.
Successes and challenges of fisheries governance in an African wetland fishery: A Case study of fishing camps on the Kafue flats of Zambia
Authors: Musutu Sililo Agness , Phiri Daniel Nyamphande
Published: December 2023

During the last three decades, the Kafue flats floodplain fishery on the Kafue River in Zambia has been increasingly exploited due to more individuals settling in the area and seasonal travellers gaining access to the fishery during flood season. Despite successful governance arrangements that effectively regulated access to fish stocks for many generations, evidence shows that these arrangements are not working as new entrants continue to gain access and overexploit remaining fish stocks. Managing new entrants is a crucial factor in achieving sustainable use. Our objective was to gain an understanding of fisheries governance on the Kafue floodplain fishery, particularly in Shimungalu and Nyimba fishing villages, where different levels of government support for co‐management structures produced different outcomes. Our research approach was qualitative, by utilising the snowball sampling technique and incorporating interviews and documentary analysis. Our aim was to investigate discrepancies in the efficacy of resource access and utilisation in the two fishing camps, and to offer recommendations on how governance systems for the fishery could be refined to improve their efficacy. This comparative analysis of the two fishing communities, which share numerous characteristics with various small‐scale fisheries in Africa, provides an opportunity to understand how polycentric governance offers a solution by enabling other organisations to fill capacity gaps faced by relevant authorities. The lessons derived from this analysis offer valuable insights into enhancing fisheries governance and future research directions in Zambia, and Africa at large.
Rationale and design of Juntendo Sarcopenia Registration to explore the predictors and prognosis of sarcopenia and frailty in the elderly in TOKYO (JUSTICE‐TOKYO)
Authors: Matsuno Kei , Asaoka Daisuke , Sugano Koji , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Miyauchi Katsumi
Published: December 2023

Aim

This study aimed to clarify the prevalence, predictors, and prognosis of frailty and sarcopenia in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of the real world.

Methods

The JUSTICE‐TOKYO study is a single‐center, prospective observational study of elderly patients. Patients aged ≥65 years who regularly visited our center were enrolled and followed up for 4 years (n = 1042). The diagnosis of sarcopenia and frailty in the enrolled patients was based on the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, respectively. The primary end point is the incidence of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization for treatment. The secondary end points are clinically significant bleeding, cardiovascular events, strokes, malignancies, incidence of falling, fractures, pneumonia, and the onset of new dementia cases.

Results

A total of 1042 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the cohort at baseline was 78.2 years, with 56% being women. Among the enrolled patients, 223 (21.4%) diagnosed with sarcopenia, 172 (16.5%) exhibited frailty, and 541 (51.9%) fell into the prefrailty category.

Conclusions

The JUSTICE‐TOKYO study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty among older adult outpatients in a real‐world context and contributes to measures aimed at extending healthy life expectancy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 168–172.
The value of using patient‐reported outcomes for health screening during long‐term follow‐up after paediatric stem cell transplantation for nonmalignant diseases
Authors: Bense Joëll E. , Guilonard Nicole , Zwaginga Femke , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Louwerens Marloes , Mekelenkamp Hilda , Lankester Arjan C. , Pieterse Arwen H. , de Pagter Anne P. J.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The assessment of using patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) within comprehensive care follow‐up programmes, specifically focused on health screening, remains largely unexplored. PROs were implemented in our late effects and comprehensive care programme after paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for nonmalignant diseases. The programme focuses solely on screening of physical and mental health and on discussing PROs during the consultation.

Methods

The primary method of this study was semistructured interviews to explore the perspective of both patients and healthcare providers' (HCP) on the use of PROs, which were thematically analyzed. Additionally, an explorative quantitative approach with patient‐reported experience measures (PREMS) was used, with a pretest–posttest design, to assess whether the use of PROs was accompanied by more patient‐centred care.

Results

From the patient‐interviews (N = 15) four themes were extracted: use of PROs (1) help to discuss topics; (2) make the patients feel understood; (3) create a moment of self‐reflection; and (4) make consultations more efficient. Pre‐ and postimplementation analysis of PREMs (N = 40) did not show significant differences in terms of patient‐centeredness.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the added value of integrating PROs for health screening purposes within the long‐term follow‐up programme after paediatric HSCT, as perceived by both patient and HCP. With the active use of PROs, patients are stimulated to consciously assess their health status.

Patient Contribution

This study included patients as participants. Caregivers were approached if patients were below a certain age. Additionally, preliminary results were shared with all patients (including nonparticipants) during a patient conference day.
INTEREST‐ONLY MORTGAGES AND CONSUMPTION GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM A MORTGAGE MARKET REFORM
Authors: Bäckman Claes , Khorunzhina Natalia
Published: December 2023

We use household‐level data to analyze how the introduction of interest‐only (IO) mortgages in Denmark affected consumption expenditure and borrowing. Using an ex ante measure of exposure to the IO mortgage reform motivated by mortgage‐payment and leverage constraints, we show households more likely to use an IO mortgage to relax their mortgage‐payment constraint increased consumption following the reform. This increase in consumption is financed by borrowing at the time of refinancing and by borrowers with lower prereform leverage and higher needs for liquidity. We find even larger postreform consumption growth for the leverage‐constrained homeowners through house‐price growth stimulated by the reform.
Lupus vulgaris: a narrative review
Authors: Couppoussamy Kanmani Indra , Shanmugam Srikanth , Devanda Rajendra , Murugan Roobashri
Published: December 2023

Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a type of paucibacillary cutaneous tuberculosis that can occur due to inoculation, lymphatic, or hematogenous route. It occurs in a previously sensitized individual with high immunity to tuberculosis. LV can have different morphology of presentation, which can lead to difficulty in diagnosis. The Tuberculin test is strongly positive. Histopathology will show epithelioid granulomas in the superficial dermis and acid‐fast bacilli rarely demonstrable within the granulomas. Dermoscopy will show focused linear vessels on a yellow to orange background. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but its positivity rate is low.Mycobacterium tuberculosisbacilli can be detected using polymerase chain reaction from the lesions. Histopathology, tuberculin test, dermoscopy, molecular test, and culture would help diagnose LV. This review discusses the introduction, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, complications, and treatment of lupus vulgaris in detail. This review can help the dermatologist understand the condition better with appropriate diagnosis and therapy.
Promoting a circular economy by developing new gastronomic products from brassica non‐edible leaves
Authors: Martin‐Gómez Helena , Diez Mikel , Abadias Maribel , Rivera Ana , Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid
Published: December 2023

This study aims to apply circular economy principles by reintroducing discarded Brassica leaves into the value chain as innovative products. Non‐edible leaves of three Brassica varieties were used to develop kombucha, a fermented beverage with health benefits. The fermentation time (9 days), temperature (25 °C), starter culture, and container shape (2 L round‐shape glass jar) influenced the beverage's physicochemical properties, including pH, vitamin content, polyphenols, and sugar levels. Different Brassica varieties showed various effects on antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content during fermentation, with potential implications for microbial engagement. Sensory analysis revealed differences in appearance, colour, aroma, and taste between black tea and Brassica samples, which are due to glucosinolates and volatile compounds, thus providing opportunities for improving consumer acceptability through flavour masking. Overall, this work showcases the potential of using non‐edible Brassica by‐products and highlights the potential of fermented beverages like kombucha to address food waste and promote value addition from otherwise discarded plant parts.
Preparation and performance of laminated anti‐fire glass using the K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin and flexible membrane
Authors: Mu Yuanchun , Meng Tiantian , Xin Leilei , Du Dayan , Yang Youran , Han Lei , Li Xiaoyu
Published: December 2023

We present a new method for synthesizing cold‐resistant laminated anti‐fire glass using a K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin flexible membrane, which is prepared by vacuum surface treatment method with ball‐milled core–shell SiO2 emulsion (55 wt%). We systemically characterize the mechanical, optical, rheological, cold‐resistant, fire‐resistant, and weather‐resistant performances of this glass. The formation mechanism of K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin membrane is studied in detail using multispeckle diffusing–wave spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the tensile strength, plasticity, and rheological behavior of the materials with different moduli are characterized. Combined with thermal gravity analysis, we characterize the compositions of K2O·nSiO2‐based materials with different moduli. For the K2O·nSiO2‐based ultrathin flexible membrane, the appearance of air‐conducting microchannels is designed, resembling the Wu Zhu coin morphology (a square hole circular coin in ancient China) or honeycomb wall morphology. These structures endow the visible region of the anti‐fire glass with a reduced presence of microbubbles. As a type of building safety glass, the spongelike microporous insulation layer can increase the heat‐insulating time in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the weather‐resistant performance of this glass is demonstrated to be more than 3000 h through an ultraviolet test. This work also provides a new routine for synthesizing high‐quality anti‐fire glass with different shapes, including curved surfaces.
High‐frequency and intrinsic dielectric properties of β‐CaSiO3 and its application: the microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Yang Hongcheng , Liu Qian , Wang Zhan , Dong Yuandan , Li Enzhu
Published: December 2023

Designing and fabricating antennas that exhibit low losses and are compact, lightweight, and highly radiation efficient are challenging in the wireless‐communication field. In this study, we simulated and fabricated microstrip patch antennas using β‐CaSiO3 low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) as dielectric resonator substrate. Compact ceramics that show good microwave dielectric properties (a relative dielectric constant [εr] of 6.57, high‐quality factor [Q × f] of 35 086 GHz [@14.85 GHz], and temperature coefficient of frequency [τf] of −33.56 ppm °C−1 for the optimal composition) were obtained when Li2O–CaO–B2O3–CuO glass was added to β‐CaSiO3 and sintered at 950°C. The high‐frequency properties of these composite ceramics reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are stable in the 38−58 and 70−90 GHz ranges, respectively. Furthermore, a circularly polarized antenna fabricated using a CaSiO3‐based ceramic shows a high radiation efficiency (92.04%) and gain (3.35 dBi) at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz. These β‐CaSiO3 composite ceramics offer promising prospects for high‐frequency use as well as in mobile communication applications. This study provides insight for the development of innovative antennas with new LTCC materials.
Epidemiology with psychometric spirit: MoBa leads autism's interdisciplinary future—a commentary on Havdahl et al. (2023)
Authors: Barger Brian
Published: December 2023

Havdahl et al.'s (2023) Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) skill loss study stands out for their creative consideration of scale items to gain a better understanding of skill loss/regression. This commentary outlines how the MoBa team continues to challenge the field by conducting “basic” measurement analyses with their public health longitudinal population data. Their creative use of items, validity‐oriented analyses, and transparent reporting of item correlations emulates early‐stage scale development in psychometric research, and sets the stage for considering how psychometricians and epidemiologists might more directly work with each other to improve early autism identification research.
Comparing the screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Sun Xingge , McKeaveney Clare , Noble Helen , O’Hara Hannah , Perra Oliver
Published: December 2023

Background

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, screening practices were reevaluated due to the risk of infection associated with the prolonged hospital visit required for the OGTT. Some countries have published novel screening protocols for GDM, suggesting the utilization of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), random plasma glucose (RPG), or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in favor of OGTTs during the pandemic. Therefore, differences in screening methods before and after the epidemic need to be examined.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out across five electronic databases (Cinahl, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science) between 2016 and 2023. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for cohort studies was used to evaluate the quality of included papers.

Results

A total of 13 eligible studies were included. Prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the OGTT was the recommended measure to screen GDM, internationally based on various official guidelines. During the pandemic, it was recommended that HbA1c or FPG, or RPG be used as a substitute for OGTTs. However, the new methods have low sensitivity, may not reflect accurately the prevalence of GDM, and may lead to many false‐negative results in women and to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

The new screening methods for GDM have poor accuracy and a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Comparatively, targeted screening tests to detect GDM according to the risk level are more effective in an emergency. In the future, the alternatives to OGTTs still need to be further explored in more depth.
First‐line CDK4/6 inhibitor‐based combinations for HR+/HER2– advanced breast cancer: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Xianan , Zhou Yunxiang , Zhang Kun , Lu Wei , Zhong Xi , Wu Shijie , Shen Lu , Chen Huihui , Chen Yiding
Published: December 2023

Background

International guidelines recommend cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i)‐based first‐line therapy for hormone receptor‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, direct drug comparisons are lacking. We aimed to identify the most effective and safe therapy through network meta‐analysis (NMA).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and OpenGrey up to September 30, 2023. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing endocrine therapy alone or in combination with CDK4/6i as first‐line endocrine treatment for HR+/HER2− ABC patients. The hazard ratios for progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and relative risks for objective response rate and adverse events (AEs) were available in selected trials. We performed a Bayesian NMA following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Thirteen RCTs, involving 10 treatments, were included. Most studies were at low risk of bias. Regarding PFS, ribociclib+fulvestrant ranked first with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of 85.0%, followed by dalpiciclib+nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) (SUCRA = 78.9%). Considering OS, the top three ranked treatments were ribociclib+fulvestrant (SUCRA = 94.1%), abemaciclib+NSAI (SUCRA = 69.9%), and ribociclib+NSAI (SUCRA = 68.5%). Out of four CDK4/6is, ribociclib minimized the grade 3/4 AEs, while dalpiciclib demonstrated the worst safety. Publication bias could not be ignored in our analyses, and the certainty of evidence was downgraded primarily due to imprecision.

Conclusions

Ribociclib+fulvestrant probably represents the best option in a first‐line setting. When combined with NSAI, dalpiciclib likely showed the best efficacy but the worst safety. Abemaciclib+NSAI and ribociclib+NSAI could also be promising treatments, while palbociclib presented inferiority. (PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42022370271)
A historical review of hybrid rice breeding
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Wei Fei , Cheng Cheng , Qian Qian
Published: December 2023

The development of germplasm resources and advances in breeding methods have led to steady increases in yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three milestones in the recent history of rice breeding have contributed to these increases: dwarf rice breeding, hybrid rice breeding, and super rice breeding. On the 50th anniversary of the success of three‐line hybrid rice, we highlight important scientific discoveries in rice breeding that were made by Chinese scientists and summarize the broader history of the field. We discuss the strategies that could be used in the future to optimize rice breeding further in the hope that China will continue to play a leading role in international rice breeding.
Tryptophan metabolism as a ‘reflex’ feature of neuroimmune communication: Sensor and effector functions for the indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase kynurenine pathway
Authors: Stone Trevor W. , Williams Richard O.
Published: December 2023

Although the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system were regarded as independent entities, it is now clear that immune system cells can influence the CNS, and neuroglial activity influences the immune system. Despite the many clinical implications for this ‘neuroimmune interface’, its detailed operation at the molecular level remains unclear. This narrative review focuses on the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, since its products have critical actions in both the nervous and immune systems, placing it in a unique position to influence neuroimmune communication. In particular, since the kynurenine pathway is activated by pro‐inflammatory mediators, it is proposed that physical and psychological stressors are the stimuli of an organismal protective reflex, with kynurenine metabolites as the effector arm co‐ordinating protective neural and immune system responses. After a brief review of the neuroimmune interface, the general perception of tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is expanded to emphasize this environmentally driven perspective. The initial enzymes in the kynurenine pathway include indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO1), which is induced by tissue damage, inflammatory mediators or microbial products, and tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO), which is induced by stress‐induced glucocorticoids. In the immune system, kynurenic acid modulates leucocyte differentiation, inflammatory balance and immune tolerance by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and modulates pain via the GPR35 protein. In the CNS, quinolinic acid activates N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐sensitive glutamate receptors, whereas kynurenic acid is an antagonist: the balance between glutamate, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid is a significant regulator of CNS function and plasticity. The concept of kynurenine and its metabolites as mediators of a reflex coordinated protection against stress helps to understand the variety and breadth of their activity. It should also help to understand the pathological origin of some psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases involving the immune system and CNS, facilitating the development of new pharmacological strategies for treatment.

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Effects of post‐polymerization conditions on color properties, surface roughness, and flexural strength of 3D‐printed permanent resin material after thermal aging
Authors: Baytur Simge , Diken Turksayar Almira Ada
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the color, surface properties, and flexural strength of 3D‐printed permanent crown resin subjected to different post‐polymerization conditions after artificial aging.

Materials and Methods

Ninety (10 × 2 mm) disc‐shaped specimens were printed by using permanent crown resin with SLA technology. Specimens were divided into nine different groups, subject to post‐polymerization conditions at three different times (15, 20, and 30 min) and three different temperatures (40, 60, and 80°C) (n = 10). Color and surface roughness measurements were repeated pre‐post thermal aging (5.000 cycles, 5–55°C) and a flexural strength test was carried out. Data were analyzed with Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Dunn tests (α < 0.05).

Results

ΔE00 values showed results below the acceptable color threshold, except for the 30 min 40°C group (ΔE00 <1.8). No difference was found between the relative translucency parameter and surface roughness values of the 20 min 60°C group recommended by the manufacturer and the other groups. A significant difference was found between the flexural strength values of the groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The color properties, surface topography, and mechanical properties of the printed permanent crown material were affected by different post‐polymerization conditions: polymerized at different times and temperatures. Although the flexural strength and color change values showed promising results, more studies are required to evaluate its suitability for clinical use.
Kelps on demand: Closed‐system protocols for culturing large bull kelp sporophytes for research and restoration
Authors: Supratya Varoon P. , Martone Patrick T.
Published: December 2023

Culturing kelps for commercial, conservation, and scientific purposes is becoming increasingly widespread. However, kelp aquaculture methods are typically designed for ocean‐based farms, and these methods may not be applicable for smaller scale cultivation efforts common in research and restoration. Growing kelps in closed, recirculating culture systems may address many of these constraints, yet closed system approaches have remained largely undescribed. Extensive declines of the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), an ecologically important canopy species in the Northeast Pacific, have received widespread attention and prompted numerous research and conservation initiatives. Here, we detail two approaches for cultivating N. luetkeana sporophytes in closed recirculating systems. Nereocystis luetkeana were reared as attached thalli in custom seaweed growth flumes and also free‐floating in tumble culture tanks. Careful control of stocking density, water motion, aeration, and nutrient levels allowed for rapid growth and normal morphogenesis of laboratory‐grown kelp. Culture systems reached up to 3 kg · m−3, and individual thalli attained lengths of up to 6 m before the trials were terminated. Our results demonstrate the potential of recirculating, closed culture systems to overcome limitations associated with traditional culture methods. Recirculating systems enable the precise control of culture conditions, improving biosecurity and facilitating cultivar development and other research. Kelps can be grown away from the ocean or outside their native ranges, and seasonal or annual species can be produced year‐round without seasonal constraints.
Developmental endothelial locus‐1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and alveolar bone regeneration in experimental periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ma Qian , Hu Yiyao , Li Han , Kuang Yunchun , Li Jie , Song Jinlin
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study sought to explore the role of developmental endothelial locus‐1 (DEL‐1) in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and investigate the therapeutic effect of DEL‐1 in ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Background

T2DM is a significant risk factor for periodontitis. Treatment modalities for periodontitis with T2DM are being explored. DEL‐1 is a versatile protein that can modulate the different stages of inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. The direct effect of DEL‐1 on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in periodontitis with T2DM is poorly understood.

Methods

Primary hPDLSCs were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue and identified by flow cytometry. In osteogenesis experiments, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red staining and western blot were used to assess the osteogenic effect of DEL‐1 on hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environments. The mouse model of ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis was established. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were used to assess the change of periodontal tissue after local periodontal injection of DEL‐1. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate osteogenic‐related protein expression.

Results

hPDLSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐specific surface markers and were negative for hematopoietic cell surface markers. hPDLSCs had the potential for multidirectional differentiation. DEL‐1 could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environments, although it did not return to the control level. Histological staining showed that DEL‐1 contributed to alveolar bone regeneration and osteogenic‐related protein expression, but the degree of improvement in T2DM mice was lower than in non‐T2DM mice.

Conclusions

In summary, we demonstrated that DEL‐1 could promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environment and rescue alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis with T2DM, which could provide a novel therapeutic target for periodontitis with T2DM.
Snakes and ladders: An integrative literature review of refugee doctors' workforce integration needs
Authors: Smith Samantha Eve , Livingston Patricia , Carney Elizabeth , Mardon Julie , Tallentire Victoria Ruth
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Healthcare systems worldwide are facing a workforce crisis; meanwhile, refugee doctors throughout the world face difficulties in accessing work. The aims of this review were to explore the integration needs of refugee doctors into host healthcare systems from the refugee perspective, synthesise the literature to construct a theory of refugee doctor integration needs and explore how these needs are met or challenged on the pathway to full integration.

Methods

In this integrative literature review, 11 databases and eight grey literature sources were searched by combining terms for refugee doctor and social integration and limiting to research published in or after 2003. Data were extracted, and quality scoring was completed independently by two researchers. This study utilised template analysis to perform a qualitative synthesis of the data. The multidimensional template included a pre‐defined template based on a theoretical framework and a concurrent fully inductive template.

Results

Twenty‐two papers were included, incorporating the views of 339 doctors from 30 different home countries and 10 different host countries. The resultant theory included ‘foundations’ (rights and responsibilities) and three pillars. The ‘learning’ pillar included required knowledge and skills acquisition. The ‘being’ pillar encompassed necessary identity work. The ‘connecting’ pillar comprised social connections, which impacted all other domains. The random and non‐linear path to integration faced by refugee doctors was also presented as a serious game.

Discussion

This study produced a theory exploring refugee doctors' integration needs and how these are met or challenged. Medical educators developing courses for refugee doctors should attend not only to knowledge and skills acquisition but also social connections, identity work and rights and responsibilities. The theory highlights the central importance of social connections. Medical educators can therefore have a transformative impact on refugee doctors' integration. This may also contribute to society by helping to alleviate the workforce crisis.