bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bias and Uncertainty of Redundant and Sky-based Calibration Under Realistic Sky and Telescope Conditions
Authors: Joseph Ronniy C. , Trott Cathryn M. , Wayth Randall B.
Published: November 2018

The advent of a new generation of low-frequency interferometers has opened a direct window into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). However, key to a detection of the faint 21 cm signal, and reaching the sensitivity limits of these arrays, is a detailed understanding of the instruments and their calibration. In this work, we use simulations to investigate the bias and uncertainty of redundancy-based calibration. Specifically, we study the influence of the flux distribution of the radio sky and the impact of antenna position offsets on the complex calibration solutions. We find that the position offsets introduce a bias into phase component of the calibration solutions. This phase bias increases with the distance between bright radio sources and the pointing center, and with the flux density of these sources. This is potentially problematic for redundant calibration on Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) observations of EoR fields 1 and 2. EoR field 0, however, lacks such sources. We also compared the simulations with theoretical estimates for the bias and uncertainty in sky-model-based calibration on incomplete sky models for the redundant antenna tiles in the MWA. Our results indicate that redundant calibration outperforms sky-based calibration due to the high positional precision of the MWA antenna tiles.
Impact de la dépendance à l’alcool sur le coût et la durée des séjours hospitaliers
Authors: Delo Caroline , Van Wilder Philippe , Van Den Bulcke Julie , Martins Dimitri , Leclercq Pol , Pirson Magali
Published: November 2018

En 2013, l’organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a publié des statistiques alarmantes montrant que la consommation excessive de l’alcool est toujours aussi présente. Elle estime que l’alcool est la cause de plus de 3,3 millions de décès chaque année. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact de la dépendance à l’alcool, en tant que comorbidité sur le coût et la durée des séjours hospitaliers. La population étudiée reprend 136.664 séjours hospitalisés classiques dans 12 institutions hospitalières francophones en Belgique. La sélection des séjours dépendants à l’alcool a été faite sur base des diagnostics secondaires (classification ICD9CM). Nous avons étudié 4 variables dépendantes (durée de séjour, coût selon la perspective hospitalière, coût pour la sécurité sociale et coût pour le patient) provenant de la base de données du Projet d’Analyse des Coûts des Hôpitaux Associés (PACHA), et 9 variables indépendantes provenant du résumé hospitalier minimum (RHM). 4.569 séjours ont un diagnostic secondaire de dépendance à l’alcool. Le coût médian (selon la perspective hospitalière) pour ces séjours est de 4.651,11 € et leur durée de séjour médiane est de 6,93 jours. A contrario, le coût médian (pour l’hôpital) des séjours sans ce diagnostic secondaire est de 3.607,68€ et leur durée de séjour médiane est de 3,94 jours (p<0,005). La dépendance à l’alcool est un facteur augmentant le coût des séjours ce qui se confirme pour la plupart des pathologies. Dans un contexte de réforme du financement hospitalier, différentes pistes explicatives abordées dans cet article pourront intéresser les gestionnaires hospitaliers.
Evaluation of cost and length of stay’s homogeneity per APR-DRG for oncological inpatient stays in 11 Belgian hospitals
Authors: Van Wilder Philippe , Van Den Bulcke Julie , Martins Dimitri , Leclercq Pol , Pirson Magali
Published: November 2018

Objectifs  : Un mécanisme de financement prospectif peut être difficile dans des domaines innovatifs comme le cancer. Cette étude aspirait à estimer la durée de séjour (DS) et le coût de séjours hospitaliers en oncologie, d’évaluer leur variabilité et d’identifier les facteurs affectant le coût par All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG). Méthodes  : Les séjours oncologiques (2012) ont été extraits parmi les séjours de 11 hôpitaux belges. Les séjours ont été classés selon la combinaison d’APR-DRG et de sévérité de maladie. Les données furent considérées comme hétérogènes si le coefficient de variation (CV) était > 1. La réduction de la variabilité était évaluée selon 1) une exclusion des outliers et 2) une transformation logarithmique des données. Les facteurs impactant le coût de certains APR-DRG ont été analysés par une analyse de la variance. Résultats  : Les moyennes du DS et du coût d’un séjour oncologique sont estimées à respectivement 8,0 jours et 6 231€. Près de 30% des combinaisons d’APR-DRG et de sévérité de maladie avaient un CV > 1. Les deux méthodes de réduction de la variabilité permettent d’obtenir un CV <1 dans tous les cas ; seulement la transformation de données permettait d’identifier ‘hôpital’ et ‘sévérité de maladie’ comme facteurs affectant le coût. Conclusions  : Les séjours oncologiques ont un coût plus élevé que celui de séjours non-oncologiques. La transformation logarithmique des données réduisait la variabilité du coût et permettait d’identifier les facteurs impactant le coût ce qui rend un financement prospectif par APR-DRG possible. L’effet significatif de l’hôpital sur le coût implique qu’un montant forfaitaire non ajusté par APR-DRG sur- ou sous-estimera les coûts réels de l’hôpital.
Development of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Led by Geriatric Nurse Consultants: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Trotta Rebecca L. , Rao Aditi D. , Hermann Robin M. , Boltz Marie P.
Published: November 2018

Hospitalized older adults are at high risk for complications, leading to negative outcomes such as longer lengths of stay, hospital readmissions, and functional and cognitive decline. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) models are effective in mitigating these syndromes but are not widespread. Nurses with expertise in gerontology who can provide consultation and care coordination can improve care processes and clinical outcomes. This pilot study capitalized on the role of the geriatric nurse consultant (GNC) to develop, implement, and test the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of a GNC–led CGA. Through repeated applications with hospitalized patients, this study demonstrated that GNCs could complete a CGA and identify clinically actionable findings. This study also uncovered clinical geriatric concerns that would not have otherwise been identified via traditional nursing assessments. The results highlight contribution of a GNC–led CGA as a mechanism to support care process improvements to address common geriatric concerns in the acute care setting. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44(12), 25–34.]
Revisión y ampliación del catálogo sísmico del noroeste de la Península Ibérica previo a 1755 y sus implicaciones en la actividad intraplaca
Authors: Crespo-Martín C. , Martín-González F. , Lozano G.
Published: November 2018

La base de los estudios de peligrosidad sísmica es disponer de catálogos sísmicos lo más completos posible. En regiones intraplaca, caracterizadas por largos periodos de recurrencia entre terremotos, es esencial obtener un catálogo sísmico con un extenso intervalo temporal. El noroeste de la Península Ibérica (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y Leon y norte de Portugal) se ha considerado tradicionalmente una zona intraplaca sísmicamente estable, ya que se encuentra alejada de los bordes de placa sísmicamente activos. Sin embargo, crisis sísmicas como las Sarria-Triacastela-Becerreá (Lugo) (1995 y 1997; con eventos de magnitud hasta 5.3) ponen de manisfiesto en esta región un potencial sismogénico de magnitud moderada. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión y ampliación del catálogo sísmico de esta región previo a 1755 (periodo peor documentado del catálogo sísmico), con el objetivo de caracterizar esta sismicidad intraplaca y mejorar la completitud con un nuevo catálogo para el NO peninsular y así poder reconocer si la sismicidad reciente y posterior a 1755 es anómala o si, por el contrario, es característica de esta región. Para ello, se tomó como base el catálogo sísmico oficial español del Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), que es la agencia responsable de la red y alerta sísmica. Se han buscado las fuentes documentales primarias de los terremotos descritos en dicho catálogo, para el margen espacial y temporal considerado, y se han revisado parámetros como la localización, fecha y zonas geográficas afectadas por el terremoto. En este catálogo a los 13 terremotos incluidos por el IGN, se han añadido 10 del catálogo de Ces Fernández (2015) y 4 nuevos, ampliando así el catálogo hasta los 27 terremotos. Tras revisar las fuentes se han modificado: 6 parámetros de fechas, 8 localizaciones y 10 zonas geográficas donde se sintió el sismo. Posteriormente ha sido posible calcular la intensidad de 18 de estos terremotos con dos escalas macrosísmicas (EMS-98 y ESI-07). En este nuevo catálogo las intensidades calculadas se encuentran entre IV y X en EMS-98 y entre VII y XI en la ESI- 07, es decir incluyen eventos de mayor o igual intensidad que los ocurridos después de 1755, que no han sobrepasado la intensidad VI o VII como ocurrió en la crisis de Sarria-Triacastela-Becerreá (Lugo) de 1997. Además, la distribución geográfica de los eventos anteriores a 1755 es similar a los ocurridos posteriormente. Todo ello indicaría que la sismicidad actual y posterior a 1755 no sería una anomalía de la tendencia de la región. En el futuro, para seguir ampliando el catálogo sísmico de esta región, sería necesario integrar estudios multidisciplinares de sismicidad histórica e instrumental y paleosismología, prestando atención a fallas que puedan ser activas, bajo el régimen tectónico actual.
Talleres artísticos como dispositivos de investigación con migrantes adolescentes
Authors: Mendoza Pérez Karmele , Morgade Salgado Marta
Published: November 2018

Aquellos que trabajamos con poblaciones vulnerables, como los migrantes adolescentes, entendemos que los métodos clásicos de investigación adolecen de ciertos cuidados y prevenciones éticas. Con la intención de contribuir al avance de los métodos de investigación en las ciencias sociales a la hora de trabajar con jóvenes migrantes, presentamos los talleres artísticos como dispositivos metodológicos especialmente útiles para aproximarse a dichas poblaciones. Con esa meta, partimos de un taller construido a partir de distintas técnicas artísticas, cuyos productos fueron un documental de 17 minutos y una cartografía imaginaria de Bilbao y Tánger, que nos permiten reflexionar sobre el alcance y los retos de nuevos enfoques de investigación.
El encuentro con dios. La conversión de aymaras al pentecostalismo en contextos de pluralismo médico
Authors: Piñones Rivera Carlos , Mansilla Miguel Ángel , Galdames del Solar Rodrigo
Published: November 2018

Este artículo expone nuestro análisis de la experiencia de sujetos aymaras convertidos al pentecostalismo en un contexto de pluralismo médico en Chile. Nos basamos en testimonios obtenidos a partir de una etnografía con agricultores aymaras de la localidad de Camiña (Tarapacá, Chile), desde los cuales analizamos la conversión religiosa como proceso contextualizado en la disputa por la hegemonía existente entre los saberes médicos locales. A partir de ello ponemos en relieve la experiencia del encuentro con dios, que desde nuestra perspectiva teórica constituye un elemento central en el proceso de producción de certezas ideológicas. Concluimos cuestionando las definiciones de la conversión basadas en la idea de una mera ruptura, para definirla como un proceso de desplazamiento del principio hegemónico entre los saberes propios del pluralismo médico. La conversión supondría un proceso de interpelación que, a la vez que articula elementos identitarios no-pentecostales, exige la producción de una identidad de ruptura, generando un posicionamiento identitario en conflicto con el sentido común andino. Subrayamos que dicho posicionamiento no resta eficacia a los elementos propios del saber médico andino al interior del proceso saludenfermedad-atención, pero sí los negativiza bajo el calificativo de idolatría.
El contraste a por vs. por con verbos de movimiento. Gramática y diacronía
Authors: Company Company Concepción , Flores Dávila Rodrigo
Published: November 2018

El trabajo compara las construcciones verbo de movimiento + por y verbo de movimiento + a + por en el siglo XIX en España. El objetivo central es analizar los sustantivos, verbos y contextos que propiciaron la expansión de la segunda construcción hasta convertirse en una secuencia caracterizadora del dialecto de España. La hipótesis que guía el trabajo es que la secuencia a por aparecerá fundamentalmente y antes en los contextos y situaciones comunicativas que requieran poner de relieve la consecución de una meta, porque tales contextos tienen afinidad con el significado básico general de a. El análisis cuantitativo está apoyado con pruebas de estadístico z.
Un capitán heresiarca en la biblioteca de Lope de Vega: Henricus Cornelius Agrippa
Authors: González-Barrera Julián
Published: November 2018

La astrología fue una de las pasiones prohibidas de Lope de Vega. Desde joven mostró un especial interés por estudiar las estrellas y su supuesto poder para influir en los amantes. Desafortunadamente, la astrología era una ciencia hostigada por la Iglesia por considerarse que trataba de alcanzar un conocimiento reservado a Dios. A pesar de todo, en este artículo quedaría demostrado que su osadía fue más allá, pues escondidas en las páginas de El peregrino en su patria se podrían encontrar citas del De incertitudine de Agrippa, un autor prohibido opera omnia por la Inquisición.
Telegraphs Ontario and Quebec
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the telegraph network for Ontario and western Quebec. Two or more lines may follow the same route, but only one line is indicated on the map. Therefore, well-settled portions of
the country like Southern Ontario and Southern Quebec may have two or three telegraph lines serving the principal towns along each route indicated. Most telegraph lines follow alongside railway lines. The map indicates the shore portions of the various cable lines. It also includes major cities,
counties, rivers, major bodies of water the railway systems.
Minerals - West Sheet
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the mineralogy and locations of mineral deposits for Western Canada circa 1906. A line drawn across the map indicates where the Northern, large portion of the Dominion is virtually
unprosecuted except along the valleys of the principal rivers, including the Southern, partly prospected areas. Different symbols indicate which type of mineral is located in a specific location. The map includes major cities, rivers, major bodies of water, and some railway
systems.
Canals, Lighthouses and Sailing Routes St. Lawrence and Great Lakes
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows canals, as well as locations and types of Lighthouses along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes. In addition, the map also shows sailing routes through those water bodies. There is a
table of sailing distances, in geographical miles, between the ports of the United States and Canada on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence. Statistics of freight and passenger traffic through the canals, total cost of maintenance, and the construction of Canadian canals, are shown as of 1903-1904.
There are also steamship routes from Canadian ports to other ports in Canada and in the U.S. The lighthouses are distinguished between fixed, revolving lights, and light ships. The depth of the water of the Great Lakes is indicated by contours and tints of blue. The deeper portions are shown in the
darker tints, while lighter tints indicate more shallow waters.
Telegraphs British Columbia, Yukon and Alberta
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the telegraph network for British Columbia, Yukon and Alberta. Two or more lines may follow the same route, but only one line is indicated on the map. Therefore, well-settled
portions of the country may have two or three telegraph lines serving the principal towns along each route indicated. It shows the shore portions of various cable lines along the Pacific coast of Canada, and a couple running underwater. Most telegraph lines follow alongside railway lines. The Yukon
is separate, being displayed at the top right of the map in a magnified boundary. The map includes provinces, major cities, counties, rivers, major bodies of water the railway systems. The map also displays part of the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public.
This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.
Lighthouses and Sailing Routes, Atlantic Coast
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the lighthouses and sailing routes on the Atlantic Coast. The map shows sailing routes and a table listing the distance, in miles, from Halifax, Montreal and Quebec to major ports.
Although Newfoundland and Labrador was not a part of Canada in 1906, there is some data shown for this region. The lighthouses are distinguished between fixed, revolving lights, and light ships. The depth of water in the Great Lakes is indicated by contours and tints of blue. The deeper portions are
shown in the darker tints, while lighter tints indicate more shallow waters.
Telephones Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows five maps. The maps show the telephone network for Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon. Two or more lines may follow the same route, but
due to the scale of the map the inclusion of all the telephone lines in the vicinity of the larger cities and towns were not permitted. The telephone lines and their end nodes are represented as solid grey lines, and many lines follow alongside railway tracks. The map indicates the shore line
portions of the various cable lines, the Pacific ocean in British Columbia, and inland waters in Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Each segment is magnified into separate boundaries, and divided from one another. The maps includes major cities, counties, rivers, major bodies of water, and
the railway systems running past the border and into part of the U.S.. It also displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is availa
Aborigines of Canada, Alaska and Greenland
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of 11 aboriginal groups of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. The areas shown in different colours represent occupied land by the native linguistic families, including
uninhabited large areas in the Arctic islands and Greenland. The southern portion of Canada, the Indians are living on reserves. The other points indicated are small reminants of the once powerful Huron-Iroquois at Jeune Lorette, two small bands of Iroquois near Edmonton and on the head waters of
the Athabaska river. There are a greater number of linguistic families on the Pacific coast of British Columbia than in all the rest of Canada.
Origins of the People, 1901 Maritime Provinces and Quebec, Ontario and Quebec
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The first map that shows origins of the people in Maritime provinces and Eastern Quebec, circa 1901. The second map that shows origins of the people in Quebec and
Ontario, circa 1901.A varying number of ethnic groups are shown, but mainly: English, Scotch [Scottish], Irish, French and German. People of British origin predominate all provinces, except Quebec, where the French predominated. The French also predominate in adjacent portions of Quebec, such as
portions of eastern Ontario, northern New Brunswick, southwestern Nova Scotia, and in the southern portion of Cape Breton. In two small areas near Halifax, N.S., the map indicates descendants of deported persons from Jamaica. The Germans were principally descendants of United Empire Loyalists
predominating portions of southern Nova Scotia, Waterlook, Lincoln and Welland counties. Communities with a population greater than 5000 people are shown as proport
Vancouver, Ottawa, Hamilton, London, Halifax
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that show five maps displaying the cities of Vancouver, Ottawa, Hamilton, London, and Halifax. At this time these cities had a population over 25,000. The map indicates the location of city
wards, electric railways, and churches symbolized as crosses.
Quebec, St. John, Winnipeg
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that has three maps. The first map is of the city of Quebec, the second map is of the city of St. John and the third map is of the city of Winnipeg. At this time these cities had a
population over 25, 000. The map indicates the location of city wards, electric railways, and churches symbolized as crosses.
Drainage Basins
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the delineation of drainage basins. The geographic extent of each drainage basin is delineated and the total area drained for each basin is provided in square miles. This includes
the great oceanic drainage basin and the Hudson Bay basin. Only the Canadian drainage area is indicated on the map for basins that lie partly in the United States. There is also a table listing the lengths of major rivers of Canada and their principal tributaries.
Relief Map East Sheet
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the relief (in feet) for Eastern Canada. Depth of the elevation is proportional to the varying tints of brown. The highest elevations are shown in the darkest tints and lower
portions in lighter tints. Relatively large areas of Western Canada had incomplete data on relief as of 1906. The map also shows major drainage divides and railways.
Geology West Sheet
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the geology and bedrock for Western Canada. The rock type era and period of formation are represented as letter codes and colour, in addition to indicating the surface coverage.
The map emphasizes the extensive area in the Dominion that is occupied by the Archaean nucleus. It also includes major cities and railway systems.
International and Interprovincial Boundaries Eastern Canada - United States Boundary, Islands in the Bay of Fundy, San Juan Water Boundary, Canada - Labrador Boundary, New Brunswick - Quebec Boundary
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows five maps illustrating international and interprovincial boundary claims. Two show the Quebec - New Brunswick - Maine area, and another displays the Canada - Labrador boundary.
There are two small maps showing offshore claims; one for the Bay of Fundy, and the other for the Gulf Islands (San Juan) in the Strait of Georgia. The Eastern Canada- United States boundary was commonly called the 'Marine boundary' from 1783 to 1842. There were still many disputes going on at the
time, including jurisdiction of Newfoundland, the province of New Brunswick - Quebec and the United States, as well as Vancouver Island. The boundary indicating the Labrador coast was to be claimed by Canada. In addition, major railway systems displayed.
Winnipeg, Edmonton
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate comprised of two maps that show the cities of Winnipeg and Edmonton. The map indicates the location of city wards, street names electric railways, and select
buildings.
Canals, lighthouses and sailing routes on St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the canals, routes and types of Lighthouses along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes, circa 1915. There is a table of sailing distances, in geographical miles, between the ports of
the United States and Canada on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence. Statistics of freight and passenger traffic through the canals, total cost of maintenance, and the construction of Canadian canals, are shown as of 1910 and 1911. There are also steamship routes from Canadian ports to other ports in
Canada and in the U.S. The lighthouses are distinguished between fixed, revolving lights, and light ships. The water depth in the Great Lakes is indicated by contours and tints of blue. The deeper portions are shown in the darker tints, while lighter tints indicate more shallow
waters.
Physical east sheet
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the relief (in feet) and bathymetry (in fathoms) for Eastern Canada, and part of the U.S. Height and depth are proportional to the varying colours indicated in the legend. There is
also data for Newfoundland and Labrador (which was not part of Canada in 1915). The map shows major drainage divides and railway networks.
Physical west sheet
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the relief (in feet) and bathymetry (in fathoms) for Western Canada, and part of the U.S. Height and depth are proportional to the varying colours indicated in the legend.
Relatively large areas of Western Canada had incomplete data on relief as of 1915. The map also shows major drainage divides and railway networks.
Quebec and Maritime provinces railway territories
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the areas that rail companies operated in the Maritimes and part of Quebec, circa 1913. The five railway lines are the Canadian Government, Canadian Pacific, Canadian North, Grand
Trunk and National Transcontinental, and the territory tributary to each line is shown in colours. The map includes statistics of the mileage, rolling stock, receipts, cost of construction and the cost of maintenance of the various railway lines for 1912 to 1913. The table also gives the Canadian
total for these statistics as of June 30, 1913. The map displays the railway systems running across the border and into part of the U.S., but they do not own or control the Canadian railways.
Hamilton, London, Ottawa
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate comprised of three maps that shows the cities of Ottawa, Hamilton, and London. Each map indicates the location of city wards, electric railways, select buildings and
churches.
International and interprovincial boundaries Eastern Canada - United States boundary, islands in the Bay of Fundy, San Juan Water boundary, Canada - Labrador boundary, New Brunswick - Quebec boundary
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows five maps illustrating international and interprovincial boundary claims, circa 1915. Two show the Quebec - New Brunswick - Maine area, and another displays the Canada - Labrador
boundary. There are two small maps showing offshore claims; one for the Bay of Fundy, and the other for the Gulf Islands (San Juan) in the Strait of Georgia. The Eastern Canada- United States boundary was commonly called the 'Marine boundary' from 1783 to 1842. There were still many disputes going
on at the time, including jurisdiction of Newfoundland, the province of New Brunswick - Quebec and the United States, as well as Vancouver Island. The boundary indicating the Labrador coast was to be claimed by Canada. Major railway systems are presented on all maps.
Isotherms for months of year
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate comprised of 12 maps of isothermal lines. One map for each month of the year. These lines are drawn at intervals of 5 degrees Fahrenheit. The isolines were deduced from yearly observations
collected by the Meteorological Service.
Telegraphs Quebec and Maritime provinces
Authors:   Canada Department of the Interior
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the telegraph network for Maritime Provinces and areas of Quebec. More then one line may have followed the same route, but only one line is indicated on the map, especially in
larger cities. Therefore, well-settled portions of the country are likely to have more then one telegraph line serving the principal towns along each route indicated. Most telegraph lines run alongside railways. The map includes the routes and destinations of underwater cables. The railway systems
and telegraph network cross the Canadian-United States border. A table indicates the range (in miles) of 25 important wireless stations.
Urban Population
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate consisting of four condensed maps that show urban populations of the people living in Canada. The two maps at the top of this plate show the night-time distribution of population, circa
1956 for Metropolitan Toronto and part of Montreal Island. These two maps actually show the distribution of persons in their permanent homes, without adjustments for such persons that may be absent from their homes at night. Persons in short term, transient residence, such as those in hotels and
hospitals are not represented. Another map shows the distribution of urban population across Canada, circa 1951. The definition of urban includes all persons residing in cities, towns and villages of 1000 population or more, whether incorporated or unincorporated, as well as the population of all
parts of the census metropolitan areas. A smaller scale map of Canada shows urban areas. These are areas in which urban communities of 1000 or more population
Comparison of Scales
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows six maps of cities or towns at different scales. The portions of all, but the first and last of the maps, illustrate the principal national map series produced by the Surveys and
Mapping Branch of the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys [now Natural Resources Canada], circa 1958.
Distribution of Population - 1951
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of the Canadian population, circa 1951. Population sizes are indicated on the map by representative units of 50 or 1000. In southern Canada, the population of the
15 metropolitan areas and urban centres of 25 000 inhabitants and over is shown by a disc, the area of which is proportional to its population. The scale ranges from metropolitan Montreal (1 395 400 inhabitants) to Glace Bay (25 586 inhabitants). There are still very small populations in northern
Canada, but there are clusters within Capital cities, and a even larger concentration south, near the U.S. border, in particular along ocean or inland coastlines. The congregation near or on the coastline of water indicate the influence of industry, natural resources and trade. Two graphs accompany
this map. The first graph shows the numerical distribution of population for 1951 by Canada, the provinces and the territories. The second graph shows th
Bathy-Orography - Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the depths (bathymetry) of the waters in and around Canada, together with the relief (orography) of the land. The bathymetric information was supplied by the Canadian Hydrographic
Service; the orographic information by the Topographical Survey; and the names of the principal physical features by the Geographical Branch, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. There are also four profiles along meridians and parallels. All isolines and elevations are in
feet.
Mineral Fuels, Pipelines and Refineries
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and direction of flow of oil and gas pipelines along with the location of oil refineries. The daily crude oil capacity in barrels per day is indicated for refining
centres by means of proportional circles. The source data for refineries is for the end of 1955 and pipeline source data is for the end of 1957. An additional map shows the location of coal, oil and gas fields. The coal fields shown are the major ones which were being worked in 1955 and the oil and
gas fields shown were proven fields by the end of 1955. These maps are accompanied by three pie charts showing the provincial proportion of Canada's 1955 production of crude oil, natural gas and coal.
Wind and Sunshine
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate consisting of four maps, two showing wind and two showing sunshine. On the wind maps, the percentage frequency of the wind for winter and summer from each direction is represented by means
of wind roses. Wind roses show wind direction and percentage frequency by means of lines proportional in length to the percentage frequency that extend out in the direction from which the wind blows. The percentage of calms is indicated by the figure in the centre of the station circle. The lower
maps show the mean annual total hours of bright sunshine. The data these maps were based on is the mean annual percentage of total daylight hours (sunrise to sunset) with bright sunshine calculated from an accumulation of the mean monthly totals for twelve months at some 125 stations across Canada.
All available data have been used; the length of record at most stations is between 20 and 50 years. To obtain values representing the mean annual percen
Natural Vegetation and Flora
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the vegetation regions, and 19 smaller-scale maps showing distributions of particular plant species. The main map shows the distribution of 17 natural vegetation types and also
shows non-vegetated areas (existing glaciers). The smaller maps show the distribution of plants found in particular parts of Canada. The first set, for circumpolar species, shows plants found in the far north of Canada and other circumpolar countries. These species owe their wide distribution to
their extraordinary adaptability to and tolerance of climate, great variations in day length and tolerance of arctic soil-related factors. There are three regional sub-groups shown: high-arctic, alpine-arctic, and low-arctic. The maps of Amphi-Atlantic species refer to species found on both sides of
the Atlantic Ocean. Similarly, Amphi-Beringian refers to species found on both sides of the Bering Sea. The final set of maps, North American species, refer
Agricultural Labour Force and Services
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps of the distribution of the agricultural labour force as of the 1951 census. The labour force engaged in agriculture includes farmers; stock raisers; farm
managers and foremen; farm labourers; the personnel of establishments primarily engaged in custom threshing, ploughing, silo filling, hay bailing, chicken hatching, egg grading, seed cleaning, etc.; and the personnel of establishments engaged in tree pruning, tree spraying, tree surgery, landscape
gardening and flower growing, etc. This map is accompanied by a pie chart showing the percentage distribution of the labour force engaged in agriculture by major occupational groups for 1951. The lower map shows the locations of agricultural education facilities and experimental stations.
Agricultural education facilities are denoted as being agricultural colleges, veterinary colleges, or agricultural schools. Experimental stations are shown as being Fede
Agricultural Regions
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows two condensed maps illustrating the division of Canada into agricultural regions based on the percentage of total gross farm revenue obtained from a particular source in 1951. The
four primary divisions were made according to specific criteria. For Livestock Specialty divisions 70% or more of the gross farm revenue was from sales of livestock and livestock products. This was divided into three subdivisions: Dairy Emphasis, where sales of dairy products made up over
40% of total sales; Cattle Emphasis, where sales of cattle made up over 40% of sales; and General, where neither dairy products or cattle sales represented over 40% of total sales of livestock and livestock products. For Grain Specialty divisions 70% or more of the gross farm revenue
was from sales of grain and hay. This was divided into two subdivisions: General, where no single crop acreage exceeded 40% of the total acreage; and Wheat, where the wheat acr
Rural Municipalities - Western Canada
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location and extent of rural municipalities in Western Canada circa late 1950s. County, township and other rural municipalities are indicated. The differences between county
and municipal districts in Alberta is that the former has greater powers than the latter, although it does not include any incorporated cities, downs villages in its area. A key table for numbered municipalities is included.
Education
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows a map of four condensed maps with proportions, medians, and institutions of education. The two upper maps indicate places in Canada where an institution of higher learning existed
circa the 1958 publication date of this atlas plate. Locations where one or more degree granting universities or colleges existed (exclusive of those granting degrees in theology only) are shown. Locations where one or more other types of institutions of higher education that are affiliated with
colleges, junior colleges, professional (including theological) training schools and technical institutes are indicated as well. These two maps are accompanied by a pie chart showing the percentage distribution of university and college enrolment by province for 1955 and a text listing degree
granting institutions, exclusive of those granting degrees in theology only, for each province. The third map shows the proportion of the population aged five t
Rural Population
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map consisting of two condensed maps showing the distribution of rural population according to the 1951 census of Canada. The term 'rural population' embraces all persons residing outside the
census metropolitan areas and cities, towns and villages of 1000 inhabitants and over, whether such cities, towns and villages were incorporated or not. The distribution is shown according to the two divisions of rural population commonly made, namely, rural farm and rural non-farm. The rural farm
population comprises all people residing on a farm regardless of occupation. A farm for such purposes is defined as a land holding of over three acres in size on which agricultural operations are carried out, or a land holding from one to three acres in size, which in 1950 accounted for an
agricultural production amounting to $250 or more. All other persons classed as rural population come under the rural non-farm division. The northern parts of Yukon
Pulp and Paper Mills
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the location of pulp mills, paper mills, and mills that produce both pulp and paper. Mills are represented by proportional disc symbols which indicate the 1951 annual mill
capacity. The maps are accompanied by three graphs showing, for 1951: the percentage production of pulp and paper by province, the total national tonnage production of pulp and paper, and total pulp and paper export tonnages.
Quebec City and Montreal
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows a map with four condensed maps comparing Quebec City and Montreal. The first two maps show stages of urban growth for Quebec City for periods ranging from 1608 to 1955 and Montreal
for periods ranging from 1642 to 1955. The urban growth maps on the other two maps, represent the expansion of areas occupied by structures, yet the small open areas classified as parks and playgrounds on the land-use maps are also included. These two remaining maps show the extent and
classification of land use for 1955 for both of these cities. The classifications for land-use maps were seperated into: Industrial buildings; Industrial yards; Commercial buildings; Commercial yards; Railways and their installations; Institutional buildings; Residential buildings; Cemetaries;
Dominantly farm land; Vacant land. In areas classified as dominantly farm land, vacant land includes forested areas, swanps, bogs and all large areas not put to specifi
Fabricated Metal Industries
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows six condensed maps of the distribution of manufacturing plants for industries which use metal as their primary raw material circa 1954. The specific map titles are: Railway Rolling
Stock, Motor Vehicles and Agricultural Machinery, Electrical Apparatus and Supplies, Aircraft and Parts, Motor Vehicle Parts, and Other Machinery. For each map, there are dots (or symbols representing many dots in a single locality) showing the location of a single factory. Each map also has two
summary charts associated with it. One of these is a bar graph showing the selling value of major products of the specific industry type, while the other is a pie chart showing the provincial distribution of the persons employed in that industry.
Growing Seasons
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four maps of certain climatic aspects of the growing seasons. The first map shows the mean annual length of the growing season throughout Canada, assuming the growing season to
be that part of the year when the mean daily temperature is above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The map was constructed from data for the period 1921-1950 inclusive and is based on the mean annual number of days on which the mean temperature, as estimated from the smoothed annual course of
temperature, was above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The number of degree-days above 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) is the difference between the daily mean temperature and 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) when the former is more than 42 degrees F (5.6 degrees C). The annual number of degree-days, as
shown on the second map, is the sum of such daily values during the year. The mean growing season precipitation map shows the average precipitation during the growin
Births, Marriages and Deaths, etc.
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows six condensed maps of different demographic statistics. The six measures are: birth rates per 1000 population, death rates per 1000 population, natural increase rates per 1000
population, marriage rates per 1000 population, infant mortality rates per 1000 live births, and number of children at home per family. The data for the maps on this plate were derived from the 1951 Census of Canada. It should be noted that birth rates, death rates and infant mortality rates are
exclusive of stillborn births and that infant mortality rates are for infant mortalities under one year of age. The map entitled Children at Home pertains to unmarried sons and daughters, including stepchildren, adopted children, guardianship children and wards 24 years of age and under, living with
their parents or guardians.
Soil Survey Maps
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows four soil map sections of soil maps that were being prepared by the Experimental Farms Service of the Federal Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Provincial
Departments of Agriculture and the Departments of Soils at Canadian universities in the 1950s. Such maps show more detail than can be shown on a general soils regions map.
Census Divisions - 1951
Authors:   Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys
Published: November 2018

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a main map that shows fifteen condensed maps of geostatistical units used by the 1951 Census. The main map shows the census divisions as used in that census to gather, compile and publish many of
the results of the censuses of Canada. Census divisions normally correspond to counties, but the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (which is now Statistics Canada) had to create equivalent units for counties in each of Newfoundland, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The main map has
a table listing all of the census divisions. Around the main map are individual maps for each of the 15 census metropolitan areas as used in the 1951 Census. Each of these small maps shows the component municipalities in the metropolitan area and also shows the built-up area. These small maps are
all at the same scale, which is about 1:650 000.