bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Evaluation of the Marginal and Internal Fit of Laboratory-fabricated Monolithic Zirconia Crowns using Direct and Indirect Methods of Scanning: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gandhi Kushal N
Published: May 2017

Aim

To evaluate the marginal and internal fit of laboratoryfabricated monolithic zirconia crowns using direct and indirect methods of scanning.

Materials and methods

A stainless steel master model was selected, which included stainless steel die, outer cap, and inner cap. The study was divided into two groups. In group I, direct method of scanning was carried out in which the stainless steel die was scanned directly with chairside scanner, and in group II, impression of the stainless steel die was made and gypsum die was fabricated, which was then subjected to scanning. Zirconia blanks or blocks were milled, sintered, and polished to obtain 10 zirconia crowns of each group. Replica technique was used to evaluate fit of crowns by using light body as cement analog. The crowns were then sectioned, viewed under a stereomicroscope, and each predetermined region was measured and evaluated for marginal and internal fit.

Results

The descriptive statistics showed that the mean marginal fit for indirect method was higher compared with that for direct method. The results of paired-sample t-test revealed that mean marginal and internal fit for indirect method was on the upper side of the scale, whereas the mean for the direct method is on the lower side of the scale. Thus, the difference in the means of two methods was quite large and likely to be significant.

Conclusion

The results did show better marginal and internal fit in crowns fabricated by the direct method; however, the crowns fabricated by the indirect method had more discrepancy, but were in the clinically acceptable limit.

Clinical significance

The present study would serve as a useful guide in deciding which method of scanning would give a better marginal and internal fit of monolithic zirconia crowns for longevity of restorations.

How to cite this article

Gandhi KN, Ram SM. A Comparative Evaluation of the Marginal and Internal Fit of Laboratory-fabricated Monolithic Zirconia Crowns using Direct and Indirect Methods of Scanning: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):22-27.
Comparative Evaluation of the Depth of Penetration of different Types of Desensitizing Agents into the Dentinal Tubules: An in vivo Study
Authors: Mitra Aditya , Adhikari Chandrani
Published: May 2017

Aim

Aim of the study is to evaluate the depth of penetration of different types of desensitizing agents into the dentinal tubules in vivo.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients requiring tooth extraction for orthodontic purpose were selected. In all four premolars of the selected patients, small class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface having depth of 0.5 mm. They were divided into four groups and treated with four different types of desensitizing agents (5% NaF solution, Gluma desensitizer, FluorProtector, and SuperSeal) for required time and then they were extracted. They were longitudinally sectioned and each section was studied by scanning electron microscope.

Results

The mean depth of penetration of SuperSeal and Gluma was significantly higher than that of other agents (sodium fluoride and FluorProtector) (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between SuperSeal and Gluma (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The depth of penetration of resinous desensitizing agent (Gluma) is maximum followed by potassium oxalate solution (SuperSeal) and fluoride varnish (FluorProtector).

Clinical significance

Deeper the penetration of desensitizing agents into the dentinal tubules, longer the efficacy.

How to cite this article

Mitra A, Adhikari C. Comparative Evaluation of the Depth of Penetration of different Types of Desensitizing Agents into the Dentinal Tubules: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):43-47.
Comparative Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse with and without an Antidiscoloration System: A Clinical Study
Authors: Phad Sidheshwar G
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered the gold standard agent for its clinical efficacy in chemical plaque control. The addition of other active ingredients may even reduce the antiplaque effectiveness. New mouthwash containing CHX with addition of an antidiscoloration system (ADS), i.e., Plasdone K-29/32, that claims to bind to stains, increases their solubility in water and effects their removal; thus the mouthwash promises not only to prevent plaque formation but also to avoid staining.

Aim

To clinically evaluate the efficacy of a 0.2% CHX mouth rinse with and without an ADS.

Materials and methods

The present study was a tripleblinded, prospective, cohort, and crossover study. This study consisted of 15 subjects. Supragingival scaling and polishing were done and then subjects were asked to rinse with a randomly allocated mouthwash for 15 days. Subjects used either mouthwash A (0.2% CHX with ADS) or mouthwash B (0.2% CHX). After 15 days, the discoloration index and plaque index (PI) were recorded. After 15 days washout period, on the 30th day from baseline, supragingival scaling and polishing were carried out, and each subject used the subsequent mouthwash. On 45th day from baseline, the discoloration and PIs were recorded and comparisons were made.

Results

No significant difference in the PI between groups I and II mouthwash was seen (p≥0.05), whereas significant difference was found in the discoloration index between groups I and II mouthwash (p≤0.05).

Conclusion

The addition of Plasdone does not reduce the efficacy of CHX mouthwash. The current study also proved that CHX with ADS caused less staining than CHX alone.

How to cite this article

Pereira R, Phad SG. Comparative Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse with and without an Antidiscoloration System: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):53-56.
Comparative Evaluation of the Plaque Inhibitory Effect of a Herbal Extract containing Fluoridated Dentifrice to a Fluoridated Dentifrice: A Clinical and Microbiological Study
Authors: Kini Vineet , Thakur Mansee , Sharma Revati , Farooqui Arjumand
Published: May 2017

Aim

To clinically and microbiologically evaluate and compare the plaque inhibitory effect of commercially available herbal extract containing fluoridated dentifrice to that of commercially available fluoridated dentifrice in a healthy dental cohort.

Materials and methods

A single-center, double-blinded, prospective, cohort, crossover study was conducted involving 25 healthy dental student volunteers meeting inclusion criteria. Two commercially available dentifrices: (Dentifrice A: Commercially available fluoridated dentifrice; and Dentifrice B: Commercially available fluoridated dentifrice containing Bromelain, Papain, Neem, and Meswak were selected as the test products. The study was conducted in two phases of 3 weeks duration each and a washout period of 1 week. Participants were assessed at baseline and 3 weeks using Plaque index (PI) and Gingival index (GI). At 3 weeks, a supragingival plaque was collected from the lingual surface of right mandibular first molar and microbial analysis was done. Microbiological counts were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) per sample.

Results

On intergroup comparison, it was observed that mean reduction in PI for Dentifrice B is significantly more than that of Dentifrice A (p-value: 0.000021). There was no significant difference between the mean reduction in the GI of both Dentifrice A and Dentifrice B (p-value: 0.3040). On intergroup comparison of CFUs obtained after 3 weeks, Dentifrice B showed significantly less viable CFUs than that of Dentifrice A (p-value: 9.42E-08).

Conclusion

In the current study settings, it was observed that herbal extracts in dentifrices have an additive effect with fluoride in plaque inhibition.

How to cite this article

Kini V, Farooqui A, Pereira R, Sharma R, Thakur M. Comparative Evaluation of the Plaque Inhibitory Effect of a Herbal Extract containing Fluoridated Dentifrice to a Fluoridated Dentifrice: A Clinical and Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):57-61.
Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma involving Parotid Gland: A Rare Entity
Authors: Vaidya Sushrut , Natrajan Srivalli , Kadam Sneha
Published: May 2017

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas constitute 25 to 40% of all lymphomas. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site followed by the head and neck area. Salivary gland involvement is a very rare entity and is involved in 0.5 to 5% of all cases. Among all the major salivary glands, the parotid gland is commonly involved followed by the submandibular glands. Misdiagnosis often leads to unnecessary diagnostic procedures, which leads to delay in initiation of appropriate treatment. It is often difficult to diagnose the distinction between lymphoma developing primarily in the parotid gland tissue and in the intraparotid lymph nodes. As per the reports, primary tumors of the parotid gland show no characteristic features on diagnostic imaging, reflecting none of their histological findings. We represent a case of a 61-year-old female who presented with painless, gradually increasing mass in the right parotid region. Imaging studies were suggestive of an infiltrative mass lesion involving right the parotid gland. The patient underwent superficial parotidectomy along with the excision of the part of the deep lobe posterior to submandibular gland with facial nerve preservation. Histopathology of the resected specimen shows infiltrates of lymphocytes into the glandular parenchyma destroying its normal lobular organization and disrupting the normal glandular architecture.

How to cite this article

Vaidya S, Natrajan S, Kadam S. Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma involving Parotid Gland: A Rare Entity. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(1):71-75.
Vertical Characteristics of Reflectivity in Intense Convective Clouds using TRMM PR Data
Authors: Kumar Shailendra
Published: May 2017

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM-PR) based vertical structure in intense convective precipitation is presented here for Indian and Austral summer monsoon seasons. TRMM 2A23 data is used to identify the convective echoes in PR data. Two types of cloud cells are constructed here, namely intense convective cloud (ICC) and most intense convective cloud (MICC). ICC consists of PR radar beams having Ze>=40 dBZ above 1.5 km in convective precipitation area, whereas MICC, consists of maximum reflectivity at each altitude in convective precipitation area, with at least one radar pixel must be higher than 40 dBZ or more above 1.5 km within the selected areas. We have selected 20 locations across the tropics to see the regional differences in the vertical structure of convective clouds. One of the important findings of the present study is identical behavior in the average vertical profiles in intense convective precipitation in lower troposphere across the different areas. MICCs show the higher regional differences compared to ICCs between 5-12 km altitude. Land dominated areas show higher regional differences and Southeast south America (SESA) has the strongest vertical profile (higher Ze at higher altitude) followed by Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), Africa, north Latin America whereas weakest vertical profile occurs over Australia. Overall SESA (41%) and IGP (36%) consist higher fraction of deep convective clouds (>10 km), whereas, among the tropical oceanic areas, Western (Eastern) equatorial Indian ocean consists higher fraction of low (high) level of convective clouds. Nearly identical average vertical profiles over the tropical oceanic areas, indicate the similarity in the development of intense convective clouds and useful while considering them in model studies.
Critical Examination of the Impact Accounting Ethics and Creative Accounting on the Financial Statements
Authors: Qatawneh Adel M. , Alqtish Atala M.
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to determine the impact accounting ethics and creative accounting on the financial statements in Jordan, the study importance arises from the need to recognize creative accounting and profession ethics for accountants, creative accounting can be used to manage profits, income smoothing.Earnings management occurs when accountants use judgment in financial statements and in structuring transactions to alter financial statements to either mislead some shareholders about the underlying performance of a company, sometimes to impact contractual outcomes that depend on financial reporting.To achieve the objectives of this study a questionnaire designed and distributed to the society of tax auditors and mathematical model built to link between creative accounting and accounting ethics percentage and some financial figures.The statistical analysis showed that ethics and creative accounting had a positive impact on the financial statements.
Mutational phospho-mimicry reveals a regulatory role for the XRCC4 and XLF C-terminal tails in modulating DNA bridging during classical non-homologous end joining
Authors: Normanno Davide , Négrel Aurélie , de Melo Abinadabe J , Betzi Stéphane , Meek Katheryn , Modesti Mauro
Published: May 2017

XRCC4 and DNA Ligase 4 (LIG4) form a tight complex that provides DNA ligase activity for classical non-homologous end joining (the predominant DNA double-strand break repair pathway in higher eukaryotes) and is stimulated by XLF. Independently of LIG4, XLF also associates with XRCC4 to form filaments that bridge DNA. These XRCC4/XLF complexes rapidly load and connect broken DNA, thereby stimulating intermolecular ligation. XRCC4 and XLF both include disordered C-terminal tails that are functionally dispensable in isolation but are phosphorylated in response to DNA damage by DNA-PK and/or ATM. Here we concomitantly modify the tails of XRCC4 and XLF by substituting fourteen previously identified phosphorylation sites with either alanine or aspartate residues. These phospho-blocking and -mimicking mutations impact both the stability and DNA bridging capacity of XRCC4/XLF complexes, but without affecting their ability to stimulate LIG4 activity. Implicit in this finding is that phosphorylation may regulate DNA bridging by XRCC4/XLF filaments.
Hyporheic zone influences on concentration‐discharge relationships in a headwater sandstone stream
Authors: Hoagland Beth , Russo Tess A. , Gu Xin , Hill Lillian , Kaye Jason , Forsythe Brandon , Brantley Susan L.
Published: May 2017

Complex subsurface flow dynamics impact the storage, routing, and transport of water and solutes to streams in headwater catchments. Many of these hydrogeologic processes are indirectly reflected in observations of stream chemistry responses to rain events, also known as concentration‐discharge (CQ) relations. Identifying the relative importance of subsurface flows to stream CQ relationships is often challenging in headwater environments due to spatial and temporal variability. Therefore, this study combines a diverse set of methods, including tracer injection tests, cation exchange experiments, geochemical analyses, and numerical modeling, to map groundwater‐surface water interactions along a first‐order, sandstone stream (Garner Run) in the Appalachian Mountains of central Pennsylvania. The primary flow paths to the stream include preferential flow through the unsaturated zone (“interflow”), flow discharging from a spring, and groundwater discharge. Garner Run stream inherits geochemical signatures from geochemical reactions occurring along each of these flow paths. In addition to end‐member mixing effects on CQ, we find that the exchange of solutes, nutrients, and water between the hyporheic zone and the main stream channel is a relevant control on the chemistry of Garner Run. CQ relationships for Garner Run were compared to prior results from a nearby headwater catchment overlying shale bedrock (Shale Hills). At the sandstone site, solutes associated with organo‐mineral associations in the hyporheic zone influence CQ, while CQ trends in the shale catchment are affected by preferential flow through hillslope swales. The difference in CQ trends document how the lithology and catchment hydrology control CQ relationships.
Distinct mechanisms of Korean surface temperature variability during early and late summer
Authors: Yeo Sae‐Rim , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Won Youjin , Jo Hyunsu , Kim WonMoo
Published: May 2017

Several climate factors were identified that affect the surface air temperature (SAT) variations in Korea during summer (June‐July‐August). Korean summer SAT variation exhibits remarkable differences between early summer (June) and late summer (July and August). On one hand, the significant warming trend during early summer is primarily influenced by the global‐scale trend that is manifested in East Asia. The residual variability, obtained by removing warming trend from total SAT, represents Korean SAT variability independent of the global‐scale trend. This residual variability is closely related to the meridional dipole‐like air temperature structure between Korea and northeastern China, which is largely controlled by the atmospheric circulations over East Asia. However, this atmospheric structure does not originate from the remote oceanic forcing such as sea surface temperature (SST) variability over Pacific. During late summer, on the other hand, the Korean SAT is dominantly regulated by the atmospheric variability, which is closely related to the Pacific SST variability, while the contribution of global warming signal is insignificant. The SST anomalies in the central to eastern tropical Pacific lead to a dipole‐like atmospheric circulation from the tropics to East Asia, which modulates SAT in Korea. These results imply that the Korean SAT variability during early and late summer has different sources. That is, both the global‐scale trend and atmospheric variability over the East Asia should be considered in monitoring Korean SAT during early summer, whereas the SST variability in the central to eastern tropical Pacific needs more attention during late summer.
Investigating biogeographic boundaries of the Sunda shelf: A phylogenetic analysis of two island populations of Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Klegarth A.R. , Sanders S.A. , Gloss A.D. , Lane‐deGraaf K.E. , Jones‐Engel L. , Fuentes A. , Hollocher H.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Cyclical submergence and re‐emergence of the Sunda Shelf throughout the Pleistocene served as a dynamic biogeographic landscape, across which long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) have migrated and evolved. Here, we tested the integrity of the previously reported continental‐insular haplotype divide reported among Y and mitochondrial DNA lineages across multiple studies.

Materials and Methods

The continental‐insular haplotype divide was tested by heavily sampling wild macaques from two important biogeographic regions within Sundaland: (1) Singapore, the southernmost tip of continental Asia and (2) Bali, Indonesia, the southeastern edge of the Indonesian archipelago, immediately west of Wallace's line. Y DNA was haplotyped for samples from Bali, deep within the Indonesian archipelago. Mitochondrial D‐loop from both islands was analyzed against existing data using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches.

Results

We uncovered both “continental” and “insular” Y DNA haplotypes in Bali. Between Singapore and Bali we found 52 unique mitochondrial haplotypes, none of which had been previously described. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed a major haplogroup division within Singapore and identified five new Singapore subclades and two primary subclades in Bali.

Discussion

While we confirmed the continental‐insular divide among mtDNA haplotypes, maintenance of both Y DNA haplotypes on Bali, deep within the Indonesian archipelago calls into question the mechanism by which Y DNA diversity has been maintained. It also suggests the continental‐insular designation is less appropriate for Y DNA, leading us to propose geographically neutral Y haplotype designations.
Electrophilic Activation of Iodonium Ylides by Halogen‐Bond‐Donor Catalysis for Cross‐Enolate Coupling
Authors: Saito Masato , Kobayashi Yusuke , Tsuzuki Seiji , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: May 2017

The umpolung alkylation of silyl enol ethers with an iodonium(III) ylide proceeds under mild conditions to afford various 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds in high yields in the presence of a halogen‐bonding catalyst. Unlike typical transition‐metal activation processes of such ylide precursors, which tend to proceed via carbenoid intermediates, experimental and computational studies indicate that halogen bonding (XB) between the XB donor catalyst and the iodonium ylide plays a crucial role in promoting the reaction. The identification of a compatible Bronsted base catalyst enabled the extension of this method to enols generated in situ to give the corresponding adducts in good yields.
Advanced multivariate data analysis to determine the root cause of trisulfide bond formation in a novel antibody–peptide fusion
Authors: Goldrick Stephen , Holmes William , Bond Nicholas J. , Lewis Gareth , Kuiper Marcel , Turner Richard , Farid Suzanne S.
Published: May 2017

Product quality heterogeneities, such as a trisulfide bond (TSB) formation, can be influenced by multiple interacting process parameters. Identifying their root cause is a major challenge in biopharmaceutical production. To address this issue, this paper describes the novel application of advanced multivariate data analysis (MVDA) techniques to identify the process parameters influencing TSB formation in a novel recombinant antibody–peptide fusion expressed in mammalian cell culture. The screening dataset was generated with a high‐throughput (HT) micro‐bioreactor system (AmbrTM 15) using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The complex dataset was firstly analyzed through the development of a multiple linear regression model focusing solely on the DoE inputs and identified the temperature, pH and initial nutrient feed day as important process parameters influencing this quality attribute. To further scrutinize the dataset, a partial least squares model was subsequently built incorporating both on‐line and off‐line process parameters and enabled accurate predictions of the TSB concentration at harvest. Process parameters identified by the models to promote and suppress TSB formation were implemented on five 7 L bioreactors and the resultant TSB concentrations were comparable to the model predictions. This study demonstrates the ability of MVDA to enable predictions of the key performance drivers influencing TSB formation that are valid also upon scale‐up. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2222–2234. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcomes of overlapping versus non‐overlapping everolimus‐eluting absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffolds: An analysis from the multicentre prospective RAI registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02298413)
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Mojoli Marco , Masiero Giulia , Cortese Bernardo , Loi Bruno , Varricchio Attilio , Gabrielli Gabriele , Durante Alessandro , Pasquetto Giampaolo , Calabrò Paolo , Gistri Roberto , Tumminello Gabriele , Misuraca Leonardo , Pisano Francesco , Ielasi Alfonso , Mazzarotto Pietro , Coscarelli Sebastian , Lucci Valerio , Moretti Luciano , Nicolino Annamaria , Colombo Alessandro , Olivari Zoran , Fineschi Massimo , Piraino Davide , Piatti Luigi , Canosi Umberto , Tellaroli Paola , Corrado Donatella , Rovera Chiara , Steffenino Giuseppe ,   on behalf of all RAI investigators
Published: May 2017

Objectives

To compare clinical outcomes of patients treated with overlapping versus non‐overlapping Absorb BVS. Background: Limited data are available on the clinical impact of stent overlap with the Absorb BVS bioresorbable stent. Methods: We compared outcomes of patients receiving overlapping or non‐overlapping Absorb BVS in the multicenter prospective RAI Registry. Results: Out of 1,505 consecutive patients treated with Absorb BVS, 1,384 were eligible for this analysis. Of these, 377 (27%) were in the overlap group, and 1,007 (73%) in the non‐overlap group. The most frequent overlap configuration was the marker‐to‐marker type (48%), followed by marker‐over‐marker (46%) and marker‐inside‐marker (6%) types. Patients of the overlap group had higher prevalence of multivessel disease and higher SYNTAX score, and required more frequently the use of intravascular imaging. At a median follow‐up of 368 days, no difference was observed between overlap and non‐overlap groups in terms of a device‐related composite endpoint (cardiac death, TV‐MI, ID‐TLR) (5.8% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.20) or of a patient‐related composite endpoint (any death, any MI, any revascularization) (15.4% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.18). Cardiac death (1.0% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.54), MI (4.5% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.51), TVR (4.5% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.51) and stent thrombosis (1.1 vs. 1.5%, P = 1.00) were also comparable between groups. When assessing outcomes of the overlap population according to overlap configurations used, no difference was observed in terms of the device‐ or patient‐related composite endpoints. Conclusions: Outcomes of patients with or without overlapping BVS were comparable at mid‐term follow‐up despite higher angiographic complexity of the overlap subset. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative prognostic value of postprocedural creatine kinase myocardial band and high‐sensitivity troponin T in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Colleran Roisin , Braun Siegmund , Xhepa Erion , Hieber Julia , Cassese Salvatore , Fusaro Massimiliano , Kufner Sebastian , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan
Published: May 2017

Objectives

We aimed to assess the prognostic value of postprocedural creatine kinase myocardial band (CK‐MB) and cardiac troponin (cTn) in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Background: Whether postprocedural CK‐MB or cTn is a better biomarker to stratify the risk after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. Methods: This study included 2,077 patients with NSTEMI undergoing early PCI. Peak postprocedural values of CK‐MB and high‐sensitivity cTn T (hs‐cTnT) were analyzed. The primary outcome was 3‐year mortality. Results: The median values of peak postprocedural CK‐MB and hs‐cTnT were 18.3 U L−1 and 0.140 µg L−1, respectively. Overall, 211 patients died during follow‐up. There were 129 deaths in patients with CK‐MB >the median value and 82 deaths in those with CK‐MB ≤the median value (Kaplan–Meier estimates of 3‐year mortality, 18.9% and 14.0%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.01; P < 0.001). There were 134 deaths in patients with hs‐cTnT >the median value and 77 deaths in patients with hs‐cTnT ≤the median value (Kaplan–Meier estimates of 3‐year mortality, 19.9% and 13.2%, respectively; HR = 1.90 [1.44–2.52]; P < 0.001). After adjustment, peak postprocedural CK‐MB (adjusted HR = 1.05 [1.02–1.07], P < 0.001 for each 24 U L−1 increment) and hs‐cTnT (adjusted HR = 1.12 [1.01–1.25], P = 0.037 for each unit higher log hs‐cTnT) remained independently associated with the risk of 3‐year mortality. The C‐statistic(s) of the model with CK‐MB and hs‐cTnT were 0.789 [0.757–0.817] and 0.793 [0.762–0.821], respectively (P = 0.585). Conclusion: In patients with NSTEMI undergoing early PCI, peak postprocedural CK‐MB and hs‐cTnT are independently associated with the risk of 3‐year mortality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of clip‐based vs. suture mediated vascular closure for femoral access hemostasis: A prospective randomized single center study comparing the StarClose and the ProGlide device
Authors: Klein‐Wiele Oliver , Baliota Maria , Kara Kaffer , Käunicke Matthias , Schäfer Harald , Garbrecht Marc , Abdulghafor Marwan , Garmer Marietta , Hailer Birgit
Published: May 2017

Objectives

This study is the first head‐to‐head analysis of StarClose vs. ProGlide in patients undergoing 5F or 6F percutaneous coronary catheterization or peripheral artery interventions.

Background

The clip based StarClose and the suture mediated ProGlide vascular closure device are well established for femoral hemostasis in endovascular therapy. However, until now no prospective randomized study compared the safety and efficacy of the two devices.

Methods

This prospective, randomized, single‐center study enrolled 505 patients (69.6 ± 11.2 years) resulting in 538 procedures due to more than one intervention in several patients: We analyzed 422 cardiac catheterization and 116 peripheral artery interventions via a common femoral artery access. Patients were randomized to StarClose or ProGlide (1:1). In‐hospital complications (major bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, vessel occlusion, and arteriovenous fistula) and device failure were recorded. The puncture site was assessed by ultrasound in all patients prior to discharge.

Results

Overall complication rate was 3.9%. There were more complications after utilization of StarClose compared to ProGlide (5.6 vs. 2.2%, P = 0.064), which was significant in adjusted logistic regression analysis with a 2.9‐fold increased risk of complications for StarClose (P < 0.05). In the subgroup of coronary catheterizations there were significantly more complications for StarClose compared to ProGlide (1.4 vs. 5.2%, P < 0.05) with a 4.7‐fold increased risk. Device failure rate was not significantly different between the two devices.

Conclusion

In this first randomized trial comparing the two closure systems complication rate was higher for StarClose with equal efficacy compared to ProGlide. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Stable N‐Annulated Perylene‐Bridged Bisphenoxyl Diradicaloid and the Corresponding Boron Trifluoride Complex
Authors: Wei Haipeng , Zhang Liyan , Phan Hoa , Huang Xiaobo , Herng Tun Seng , Zhou Jun , Zeng Wangdong , Ding Jun , Luo Shenglian , Wu Jishan , Zeng Zebing
Published: May 2017

Organic π‐extended radicals display unique electronic structures, and could be used as promising functional materials. However, design and synthesis of stable radicals are challenging for chemists due to their high reactivity. In this work, we synthesized a stable N‐annulated perylene‐bridged bisphenoxyl diradicaloid, and its complex with Lewis acid boron trifluoride. Their ground‐state geometric and electronic structures were systematically studied by various experimental methods, including X‐ray crystallographic analysis, variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy, electron‐spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, supported by density functional theory. Both were observed as open‐shell singlet diradicaloids in the ground state. The bisphenoxyl diradicaloid demonstrated string features of strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption, closely packed π‐dimer structure in crystals, amphoteric redox behavior with a small HOMO–LUMO energy band gap, and a rather small singlet‐triplet gap, whereas the complex showed very different photophysical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties. Our studies provide an efficient method of making stable diradicaloids by Lewis acid/base complexation.
Beyond nutrients: a meta‐analysis of the diverse effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants and soils
Authors: Delavaux Camille S. , Smith‐Ramesh Lauren M. , Kuebbing Sara E.
Published: May 2017

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant fitness under certain environmental conditions. Among the mechanisms that may drive this mutualism, the most studied is provisioning of nutrients by AMF in exchange for carbon from plant hosts. However, AMF may also provide a suite of non‐nutritional benefits to plants including improved water uptake, disease resistance, plant chemical defense, soil aggregation, and allelochemical transport and protection. Here, we use a meta‐analysis of 93 studies to assess the relative effect of AMF on nutritional and non‐nutritional factors that may influence plant fitness. We find that the positive effects of AMF on soil aggregation, water flow and disease resistance are equal to the effect of AMF on plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. However, AMF had no effect on the uptake of other nutrients, plant water content, allelopathic transport or production of chemical defense compounds. We suggest future research directions, including experimentally assessing the relative contribution on plant fitness of AMF interactions by untangling the independence of alternative benefits of AMF from an increase in nutrient uptake. This will lead to a more holistic view of the mycorrhizal‐plant association and a more accurate picture of the net impact on the plant or plant community in question.
Biogeochemistry drives diversity in the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of a Panama forest
Authors: Kaspari Michael , Bujan Jelena , Weiser Michael D. , Ning Daliang , Michaletz Sean T. , Zhili He , Enquist Brian J. , Waide Robert B. , Zhou Jizhong , Turner Benjamin L. , Wright S. Joseph
Published: May 2017

Humans are both fertilizing the world and depleting its soils, decreasing the diversity of aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial plants in the process. We know less about how nutrients shape the abundance and diversity of the prokaryotes, fungi, and invertebrates of Earth's soils. Here we explore this question in the soils of a Panama forest subject to a 13‐yr fertilization with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and a separate micronutrient cocktail. We contrast three hypotheses linking biogeochemistry to abundance and diversity. Consistent with the Stress Hypothesis, adding N suppressed the abundance of invertebrates and the richness of all three groups of organisms by ca. 1 SDor more below controls. Nitrogen addition plots were 0.8pHunits more acidic with 18% more exchangeable aluminum, which is toxic to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These stress effects were frequently reversed, however, when N was added with P (for prokaryotes and invertebrates) and with added K (for fungi). Consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, adding P generally increased prokaryote and invertebrate diversity, and adding K enhanced invertebrate diversity. Also consistent with the Abundance Hypothesis, increases in invertebrate abundance generated increases in richness. We found little evidence for the Competition Hypothesis: that single nutrients suppressed diversity by favoring a subset of high nutrient specialists, and that nutrient combinations suppressed diversity even more. Instead, combinations of nutrients, and especially the cation/micronutrient treatment, yielded the largest increases in richness in the two eukaryote groups. In sum, changes in soil biogeochemistry revealed a diversity of responses among the three dominant soil groups, positive synergies among nutrients, and–in contrast with terrestrial plants–the frequent enhancement of soil biodiversity.
Fire catalyzed rapid ecological change in lowland coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest over the past 14,000 years
Authors: Crausbay Shelley D. , Higuera Philip E. , Sprugel Douglas G. , Brubaker Linda B.
Published: May 2017

Disturbance can catalyze rapid ecological change by causing widespread mortality and initiating successional pathways, and during times of climate change, disturbance may contribute to ecosystem state changes by initiating a new successional pathway. In the Pacific Northwest of North America (PNW), disturbance by wildfires strongly shapes the composition and structure of lowland forests, but understanding the role of fire over periods of climate change is challenging, because fire‐return intervals are long (e.g., millennia) and the coniferous trees dominating these forests can live for many centuries. We developed stand‐scale paleorecords of vegetation and fire that span nearly the past 14,000 yr to study how fire was associated with state changes and rapid dynamics in forest vegetation at the stand scale (1–3 ha). We studied forest history with sediment cores from small hollow sites in the Marckworth State Forest, located ~1 km apart in the Tsuga heterophylla Zone in the Puget Lowland ecoregion of western Washington, USA. The median rate of change in pollen/spore assemblages was similar between sites (0.12 and 0.14% per year), but at both sites, rates of change increased significantly following fire events (ranging up to 1% per year, with a median of 0.28 and 0.38%, P < 0.003). During times of low climate velocity, forest composition was resilient to fires, which initiated successional pathways leading back to the dominant vegetation type. In contrast, during times of high climate variability and velocity (e.g., the early Holocene) forests were not resilient to fires, which triggered large‐scale state changes. These records provide clear evidence that disturbance, in the form of an individual fire event, can be an important catalyst for rapid state changes, accelerating vegetation shifts in response to large‐scale climate change.
Application of RNS in refractory epilepsy: Targeting insula
Authors: Chen Hai , Dugan Patricia , Chong Derek J. , Liu Anli , Doyle Werner , Friedman Daniel
Published: May 2017

Although responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is approved for treatment of resistant focal epilepsy in adults, little is known about response to treatment of specific cortical targets. We describe the experience of RNS targeting the insular lobe. We identified patients who had RNS implantation with at least one electrode within the insula between April 2014 and October 2015. We performed a retrospective review of preoperative clinical features, imaging, electrocardiogram (EEG), intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG), and postoperative seizure outcome. Eight patients with at least 6 months of postimplant follow‐up were identified. Ictal localization was inconclusive with MRI or scalp EEG findings. Intracranial EEG monitoring or intraoperative ECoG demonstrated clear ictal onsets and/or frequent interictal discharges in the insula. Four patients demonstrated overall 50–75% reduction in seizure frequency. Two patients did not show appreciable seizure improvement. One patient has experienced a 75% reduction of seizure frequency, and another is nearly seizure free postoperatively. There were no reported direct complications of insular RNS electrode placement or stimulation, though two patients had postoperative complications thought to be related to craniotomy (hydrocephalus and late infection). Our study suggests that insular RNS electrode placement in selected patients is relatively safe and that RNS treatment may benefit selected patients with insular epilepsy.
Interneuronopathies and their role in early life epilepsies and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Katsarou Anna‐Maria , Moshé Solomon L. , Galanopoulou Aristea S.
Published: May 2017

GABAergic interneurons control the neural circuitry and network activity in the brain. The advances in genetics have identified genes that control the development, maturation, and integration of GABAergic interneurons and implicate them in the pathogenesis of epileptic encephalopathies and neurodevelopmental disorders. For example, mutations of the aristaless‐related homeobox X‐linked gene (ARX) may result in defective GABAergic interneuronal migration in infants with epileptic encephalopathies like West syndrome (WS), Ohtahara syndrome, or X‐linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG). The concept of “interneuronopathy,” that is, impaired development, migration, or function of interneurons, has emerged as a possible etiopathogenic mechanism for epileptic encephalopathies. Treatments that enhance γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels may help seizure control but do not necessarily show disease modifying effect. On the other hand, interneuronopathies can be seen in other conditions in which epilepsy may not be the primary manifestation, such as autism. In this review, we plan to outline briefly the current state of knowledge on the origin, development, and migration and integration of GABAergic interneurons, present neurodevelopmental conditions, with or without epilepsy, that have been associated with interneuronopathies, and discuss the evidence linking certain types of interneuronal dysfunction with epilepsy and/or cognitive or behavioral deficits.
Local resectability assessment of head and neck cancer: Positron emission tomography/MRI versus positron emission tomography/CT
Authors: Sekine Tetsuro , Barbosa Felipe de Galiza , Delso Gaspar , Burger Irene A. , Stolzmann Paul , ter Voert Edwin E. , Huber Gerhard F. , Kollias Spyros S. , von Schulthess Gustav K. , Veit‐Haibach Patrick , Huellner Martin W.
Published: May 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI with PET/CT for local resectability of head and neck cancer.

Methods

Sequential contrast‐enhanced PET/CT‐MRI was performed in 58 patients referred for the staging or restaging of head and neck cancer. Tumors were assessed with PET/CT and PET/MRI for the presence of resectability‐defining factors: T4b status (mediastinal invasion, invasion of the prevertebral space, and vascular encasement), and another 8 findings that would imply obstacles for surgical cure (invasion of the laryngeal cartilage, invasion of the preepiglottic fat pad, perineural spread, orbital invasion, bone infiltration, skull base invasion, dural infiltration, and invasion of the brachial plexus).

Results

The sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of local resectability‐defining factors of PET/CT and PET/MRI was 0.92/0.99/0.98 and 0.98/0.99/0.99 (P = .727), respectively, per lesion, and 0.96/0.87/0.91 and 0.96/0.90/0.93 (P = .687), respectively, per patient.

Conclusion

Both contrast‐enhanced PET/MRI and contrast‐enhanced PET/CT can serve as reliable examinations for defining local resectability of head and neck cancer.
Confounded by forgotten legacies: Effectively managing watersheds in the contemporary age of unknown unknowns
Authors: Kellner Elliott , Hubbart Jason A.
Published: May 2017

Contemporary watershed management practices can reflect oversimplifications of relationships between anthropogenic pressures and resource degradation. Remediation and restoration efforts often focus on recent land use practices as the primary driver of hydrologic regime changes. We present a case study that serves as an example to the scientific and watershed management communities of the lasting influences of historic land use practices and natural physical processes on a stream in the central United States listed as impaired by the federal government. Abnormal spatiotemporal streamflow relationships, determined by means of an experimental watershed study, alerted the authors to possible sink/source behavior in the upper‐watershed. Subsequent research uncovered archival evidence of coal mining, which may provide at least partial explanation. Additional investigation identified hydrologic processes associated with natural landscape evolution, noted by early‐20th‐century researchers, which are considered in the context of the current water quality and flow regime. Despite best‐intended management practices, regulatory agencies, scientists, and local decision makers have not accounted for such practices and processes, instead relying on recent development as the proximate cause of designated impairment. We present argumentation that historic land use (coal mining) and landscape processes comprise cumulative yet unconsidered legacy effects that contribute systemically to the observed hydrologic regime of the watershed. Results hold important implications for contemporary watershed management, and support rethinking the case‐by‐case appropriateness of federal and state water impairment listings, and the achievability of restoration efforts in many developing watersheds.
The importance of aspect for modelling the hydrological response in a glacier catchment in Central Asia
Authors: Gao Hongkai , Ding Yongjian , Zhao Qiudong , Hrachowitz Markus , Savenije Hubert H.G.
Published: May 2017

Understanding how explicit consideration of topographic information influences hydrological model performance and upscaling in glacier dominated catchments remains underexplored. In this study, the Urumqi glacier no. 1 catchment in northwest China, with 52% of the area covered by glaciers, was selected as study site. A conceptual glacier‐hydrological model was developed and tested to systematically, simultaneously, and robustly reproduce the hydrograph, separate the discharge into contributions from glacier and nonglacier parts of the catchment, and establish estimates of the annual glacier mass balance, the annual equilibrium line altitude, and the daily catchment snow water equivalent. This was done by extending and adapting a recently proposed landscape‐based semidistributed conceptual hydrological model (FLEX‐Topo) to represent glacier and snowmelt processes. The adapted model, FLEXG, allows to explicitly account for the influence of topography, that is, elevation and aspect, on the distribution of temperature and precipitation and thus on melt dynamics. It is shown that the model can not only reproduce long‐term runoff observations but also variations in glacier and snow cover. Furthermore, FLEXG was successfully transferred and up‐scaled to a larger catchment exclusively by adjusting the areal proportions of elevation and aspect without the need for further calibration. This underlines the value of topographic information to meaningfully represent the dominant hydrological processes in the region and is further exacerbated by comparing the model to a model formulation that does not account for differences in aspect (FLEXG,nA) and which, in spite of satisfactorily reproducing the observed hydrograph, does not capture the influence of spatial variability of snow and ice, which as a consequence reduces model transferability. This highlights the importance of accounting for topography and landscape heterogeneity in conceptual hydrological models in mountainous and snow‐, and glacier‐dominated regions.
Meta‐analysis of the effect of the maternal vitamin D level on the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss
Authors: Zhang Heng , Huang Zhaohui , Xiao Limin , Jiang Xinye , Chen Daozhen , Wei Yarong
Published: May 2017

Background

The association between vitamin D deficiency and early spontaneous pregnancy loss (SPL) is unclear.

Objectives

To assess the association of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and SPL.

Search strategy

Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for relevant papers published before February 20, 2016, using search terms including “vitamin D” and “pregnancy loss.”

Selection criteria

Case–control and cohort studies investigating the relationship of maternal serum 25(OH)D and SPL were included.

Data collection and analysis

Two authors independently extracted original data from the selected papers. The DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects model was used to perform the meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating I2.

Main results

Five studies, including 10 630 pregnant women, met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant association between a low 25(OH)D level and an increased risk of SPL. In a subgroup analysis, an extremely low 25(OH)D level (<20 ng/mL) was significantly associated with an increased risk of SPL in the first trimester (relative risk 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.15–4.37); the heterogeneity across studies was not significant (I2=0.0%, P=0.355).

Conclusions

Severe Vitamin D deficiency could be detrimental to early embryonic development and increase the risk of early SPL.