bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar
Authors: Zhou Yueting , Liu Jianxin , Guo Songjie , Zhao Gang , Ma Weiguang , Cao Zhensong , Dong Lei , Zhang Lei , Yin Wangbao , Wu Yongqian , Xiao Lianxuan , Axner Ove , Jia Suotang
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Lidar is an effective tool for high-altitude atmospheric measurement in which
a weak absorption line for the target gas is selected to ensure a large
optical depth. The laser frequency stabilization to the line center is
required, and a sub-Doppler (sD) spectroscopy of the target line is preferred
as a frequency reference. In this paper, a novel universal sD noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular
spectroscopy
(NICE-OHMS)
instrumentation based on a fiber-coupled optical single-sideband
electro-optic modulator (f-SSM) for the potential application in atmospheric
lidar for different target gases with different types of lasers is reported.
The f-SSM can replace all frequency actuators in the system, so as to
eliminate the individual design of feedback servos that often are tailored
for each laser. The universality of the instrumentation was demonstrated by
the alternative use of either an Er-doped fiber laser or a whispering-gallery-mode laser. Then the instruments based on both lasers were used to produce
the sD signals of acetylene, which worked as a frequency reference to
stabilize the laser. By performing the lockings, relative frequency
stabilizations of 8.3×10-13 and 7.5×10-13 at
an integration time of 240 s were demonstrated.
Source partitioning of H2O and CO2 fluxes based on high-frequency eddy covariance data: a comparison between study sites
Authors: Klosterhalfen Anne , Graf Alexander , Brüggemann Nicolas , Drüe Clemens , Esser Odilia , González-Dugo María P. , Heinemann Günther , Jacobs Cor M. J. , Mauder Matthias , Moene Arnold F. , Ney Patrizia , Pütz Thomas , Rebmann Corinna , Ramos Rodríguez Mario , Scanlon Todd M. , Schmidt Marius , Steinbrecher Rainer , Thomas Christoph K. , Valler Veronika , Zeeman Matthias J. , Vereecken Harry
Published: March 2019

Abstract. For an assessment of the roles of soil and vegetation in the
climate system, a further understanding of the flux components of
H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration) and
their interaction with physical conditions and physiological functioning of
plants and ecosystems is necessary. To obtain magnitudes of these flux
components, we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and
Kustas (2010; SK10) and after Thomas et al. (2008; TH08) to high-frequency
eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering different
ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic
regions. Both partitioning methods are based on higher-order statistics of
the H2O and CO2 fluctuations, but proceed differently to
estimate transpiration, evaporation, net primary production, and soil
respiration. We compared and evaluated the partitioning results obtained with
SK10 and TH08, including slight modifications of both approaches. Further, we
analyzed the interrelations among the performance of the partitioning
methods, turbulence characteristics, and site characteristics (such as plant
cover type, canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height). We were
able to identify characteristics of a data set that are prerequisites for
adequate performance of the partitioning methods. SK10 had the tendency to overestimate and TH08 to underestimate soil flux
components. For both methods, the partitioning of CO2 fluxes was
less robust than for H2O fluxes. Results derived with SK10 showed
relatively large dependencies on estimated water use efficiency (WUE) at the
leaf level, which is a required input. Measurements of outgoing longwave
radiation used for the estimation of foliage temperature (used in WUE) could
slightly increase the quality of the partitioning results. A modification of
the TH08 approach, by applying a cluster analysis for the conditional
sampling of respiration–evaporation events, performed satisfactorily, but did
not result in significant advantages compared to the original method versions
developed by Thomas et al. (2008). The performance of each partitioning
approach was dependent on meteorological conditions, plant development,
canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height. Foremost, the
performance of SK10 correlated negatively with the ratio between measurement
height and canopy height. The performance of TH08 was more dependent on
canopy height and leaf area index. In general, all site characteristics that
increase dissimilarities between scalars appeared to enhance partitioning
performance for SK10 and TH08.
The origin and role of biological rock crusts in rocky desert weathering
Authors: Wieler Nimrod , Ginat Hanan , Gillor Osnat , Angel Roey
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In drylands, microbes that colonize rock surfaces have been linked to erosion
because water scarcity excludes traditional weathering mechanisms. We
studied the origin and role of rock biofilms in geomorphic processes of hard
lime and dolomitic rocks that feature comparable weathering morphologies,
although these two rock types originate from arid and hyperarid environments, respectively. We
hypothesized that weathering patterns are fashioned by salt erosion and
mediated by the rock biofilms that originate from the adjacent soil and
dust. We used a combination of microbial and geological techniques to
characterize rock morphologies and the origin and diversity of their
biofilms. Amplicon sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene suggested that bacterial
diversity is low and dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These
phyla only formed laminar biofilms on rock surfaces that were exposed to the
atmosphere and burrowed up to 6 mm beneath the surface, protected by
sedimentary deposits. Unexpectedly, the microbial composition of the
biofilms differed between the two rock types and was also distinct from the
communities identified in the adjacent soil and settled dust, showing a
habitat-specific filtering effect. Moreover, the rock bacterial communities
were shown to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) that form an
evaporation barrier, reducing water loss rates by 65 %–75 %. The reduced
water transport rates through the rock also limit salt transport and its
crystallization in surface pores, which is thought to be the main force for
weathering. Concomitantly, the biofilm layer stabilizes the rock surface via
coating and protects the weathered front. Our hypothesis contradicts common
models, which typically consider biofilms to be agents that promote weathering. In
contrast, we propose that the microbial colonization of mineral surfaces acts to
mitigate geomorphic processes in hot, arid environments.
The response of tropical precipitation to Earth's precession: the role of energy fluxes and vertical stability
Authors: Jalihal Chetankumar , Bosmans Joyce Helena Catharina , Srinivasan Jayaraman , Chakraborty Arindam
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The changes in Earth's precession have an impact on the tropical
precipitation. This has been attributed to the changes in seasonal solar
radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The primary mechanism that has been
proposed is the change in thermal gradient between the two hemispheres. This
may be adequate to understand the zonal mean changes, but cannot explain the
variations between land and oceans. We have used a simple model of the
intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) to unravel how precipitation changes
with precession. Our model attributes the changes in precipitation to the
changes in energy fluxes and vertical stability. We include the horizontal
advection terms in this model, which were neglected in the earlier studies.
The final response of the land and oceans is a result of complex feedbacks
triggered by the initial changes in the insolation. We find that the changes
in precipitation over the land are mainly driven by changes in insolation,
but over the oceans, precipitation changes on account of changes in surface
fluxes and vertical stability. Hence insolation can be a trigger for changes
in precipitation on orbital timescales, but surface energy and vertical
stability play an important role too. The African monsoon intensifies during
a precession minimum (higher summer insolation). This intensification is
mainly due to the changes in vertical stability. The precipitation over the
Bay of Bengal decreases for minimum precession. This is on account of a
remote response to the enhanced convective heating to the west of the Bay of
Bengal. This weakens the surface winds and thus leads to a decrease in the
surface latent heat fluxes and hence the precipitation.
The Guadalfeo Monitoring Network (Sierra Nevada, Spain): 14 years of measurements to understand the complexity of snow dynamics in semiarid regions
Authors: Polo María J. , Herrero Javier , Pimentel Rafael , Pérez-Palazón María J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This work presents the Guadalfeo Monitoring Network in Sierra Nevada (Spain), a snow
monitoring network in the Guadalfeo Experimental Catchment, a semiarid area
in southern Europe representative of snowpacks with highly variable dynamics
on both annual and seasonal scales and significant topographic gradients. The
network includes weather stations that cover the high mountain area in the
catchment and time-lapse cameras to capture the variability of the ablation
phases on different spatial scales. The data sets consist of continuous
meteorological high-frequency records at five automatic weather stations
located at different altitudes ranging from 1300 to 2600 m a.s.l. that
include precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, air relative humidity and
the short- and longwave components of the incoming radiation, dating from
2004 for the oldest station (2510 m a.s.l.) (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895236);
additionally, daily data sets of the imagery from two time-lapse cameras are
presented, with different scene area (30 m × 30 m, and
2 km2, respectively) and spatial resolution, that consist of fractional
snow cover area and snow depth from 2009 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871706) and
snow cover maps for selected dates from 2011 (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898374).
Some research applications of these data sets are also included to highlight
the value of high-resolution data sources to improve the understanding of
snow processes and distribution in highly variable environments. The data
sets are available from different open-source sites and provide both the snow
hydrology scientific community and other research fields, such as terrestrial
ecology, riverine ecosystems or water quality in high mountains, with
valuable information of high potential in snow-dominated areas in semiarid
regions.
Impacts of the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project emergency operation on flooding and drainage in water-receiving areas: an empirical case in China
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Zongzhi , Liu Kelin , Cheng Liang , Wang Lihui , Ye Ailing
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The water levels of lakes along the eastern route of the
South-to-North Water Diversion Project (ER-SNWDP) are expected to rise
significantly and subsequently affect the processes of flood control and
drainage in corresponding lake basins. However, few studies have focused on
the impacts of inter-basin water diversion on the flood control and drainage
of water-receiving areas at the lake basin scale. Using MIKE software, this
paper builds a coupled hydrodynamic model to address the existing literature
gap regarding the impacts of inter-basin water diversion on the processes of
flood control and drainage in a water-receiving lake basin, and it considers
the many types of hydraulic structures in the model. First, a flood
simulation model was constructed to simulate the complex movement of water
transferred by the ER-SNWDP, by waterlogging in the lakeside area around
Nansi Lake (NL), and water in NL and its tributaries. The ER-SNWDP was also
considered in the model. Second, the model was calibrated and verified with
measurement data, and the results showed that the model was efficient and
presented a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) between 0.65 and
0.99. Third, the processes of flooding and draining in the lakeside area of
NL were simulated under different water diversion and precipitation values.
Finally, the impacts of the emergency operations of the ER-SNWDP on flood
control and waterlogging drainage in the lakeside area of NL were analysed
based on the results from the proposed model, and some implications are
presented for the integrated management of inter-basin water diversion and
affected lakes.
Full waveform inversion of short-offset, band-limited seismic data inthe Alboran basin (SE Iberia)
Authors: Gras Clàudia , Sallarès Valentí , Dagnino Daniel , Jiménez C. Estela , Meléndez Adrià , Ranero César R.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a high-resolution P-wave velocity model of the sedimentary cover and the uppermost basement until ~ 3 km depth obtained by full-waveform inversion of multichannel seismic data acquired with a 6 km-long streamer in the Alboran Sea (SE Iberia). The inherent non-linearity of the method, especially for short-offset, band-limited seismic data as this one, is circumvented by applying a data processing/modeling sequence consisting of three steps: (1) data re-datuming by back-propagation of the recorded seismograms to the seafloor; (2) joint refraction and reflection travel-time tomography combining the original and the re-datumed shot gathers; and (3) FWI of the original shot gathers using the model obtained by travel-time tomography as initial reference. The final velocity model shows a number of geological structures that cannot be identified in the travel-time tomography models or easily interpreted from seismic reflection images alone. A sharp strong velocity contrast accurately defines the geometry of the top of the basement. Several low-velocity zones that may correspond to the abrupt velocity change across steeply dipping normal faults are observed at the flanks of the basin. A 200–300 m thick, high-velocity layer embedded within lower velocity sediment may correspond to evaporites deposited during the Messinian crisis. The results confirm that the combination of data re-datuming and joint refraction and reflection travel-time inversion provides reference models that are accurate enough to apply full-waveform inversion to relatively short offset streamer data in deep water settings starting at field-data standard low frequency content of 6 Hz.
Evaluation of CloudSat snowfall rate profiles by a comparison with in situ micro-rain radar observations in East Antarctica
Authors: Lemonnier Florentin , Madeleine Jean-Baptiste , Claud Chantal , Genthon Christophe , Durán-Alarcón Claudio , Palerme Cyril , Berne Alexis , Souverijns Niels , van Lipzig Nicole , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , L'Ecuyer Tristan , Wood Norman
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Antarctic continent is a vast desert and is the coldest and the most
unknown area on Earth. It contains the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest
continental water reservoir on Earth that could be affected by the current
global warming, leading to sea level rise. The only significant supply of ice
is through precipitation, which can be observed from the surface and from
space. Remote-sensing observations of the coastal regions and the inner
continent using CloudSat radar give an estimated rate of snowfall but with
uncertainties twice as large as each single measured value, whereas climate
models give a range from half to twice the space–time-averaged observations.
The aim of this study is the evaluation of the vertical precipitation rate
profiles of CloudSat radar by comparison with two surface-based micro-rain
radars (MRRs), located at the coastal French Dumont d'Urville station and at
the Belgian Princess Elisabeth station located in the Dronning Maud Land
escarpment zone. This in turn leads to a better understanding and
reassessment of CloudSat uncertainties. We compared a total of four
precipitation events, two per station, when CloudSat overpassed within 10 km
of the station and we compared these two different datasets at each vertical
level. The correlation between both datasets is near-perfect, even though
climatic and geographic conditions are different for the two stations. Using
different CloudSat and MRR vertical levels, we obtain 10 km space-scale and
short-timescale (a few seconds) CloudSat uncertainties from −13 % up to
+22 %. This confirms the robustness of the CloudSat retrievals of snowfall
over Antarctica above the blind zone and justifies further analyses of this
dataset.
Representación sindical y prevención de riesgos laborales durante la crisis: impacto y límites
Authors: Payá Castiblanque Raúl , Beneyto Calatayud Pere J.
Published: March 2019

La investigación que presentamos estudia el impacto de la intervención sindical en materia de salud laboral, en lo que se refiere tanto a la gestión preventiva y creación de una cultura participativa como en los procesos de vigilancia y control de las condiciones de trabajo. A tal efecto, se han consultado las principales encuestas nacionales e internacionales sobre gestión de riesgos laborales en las empresas, analizando los datos más relevantes en base a modelos de regresión logística y lineal, lo que ha permitido constatar que la representación sindical de los trabajadores en la empresa (generalista y especializada) correlaciona positivamente con el desarrollo de las principales dimensiones (social y científico-técnica) de los procesos de seguridad y prevención de riesgos laborales. Sin embargo, el efecto combinado de la recesión económica, la desregulación contractual y las estrategias empresariales de externalización de los servicios de prevención, estarían debilitando dicha correlación.
Social and Environmental Accounting Reporting and Financial Performances in Ghana
Authors: KaoDui Li , Muyun Zou , Bonsu Mandella Osei-Assibey
Published: March 2019

The paper seeks to ascertain the effects of social and environmental accounting disclosure on the financial performance of companies registered on the Ghana Stock Exchange over the period of three years from 2015 to 2017. The study similarly seeks to determine the extents of social and environmental accounting issues reported and finally document the extent to which companies included SEAR issues in their corporate strategy plan in Ghana.

The study used secondary data from a published corporate annual statements of all the registered companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange. A regression model and t-test were used to ascertain the effects of social and environmental accounting reporting on firm’s financial performance. However, questionnaires and content analysis were also used in company reports as a system to measure the degree and nature of corporate social accounting reporting as maintained by the number of words disclosed over the three periods.

Results shows that there is a positive correlation between CSR score measuring the social and environmental accounting practices and the company's financial performance registered on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Thus, the effects are insignificant. However, the findings show that companies in Ghana are now hugging social and environmental accounting reporting practices since the course of adoption of SEAR was above 60% from 2015 to 2017. The positive correlation between social and environmental accounting and reporting and companies financial performance specify reliable step pace for top managers in companies grasp and embrace social and environmental accounting reporting practices in Ghana, West African countries and all developing Africa countries. The study backs to the literature and information of corporate social and environmental accounting in West Africa and all developing Africa countries. Besides, it also may be terrific to corporate institutions for comprehension of the social responsibilities be obliged to their stakeholders and community in general.
Organizational boundaries – Contribution to conceptualization
Authors: Pachura Piotr
Published: March 2019

The issue of organizational boundaries is a problem discussed from the beginning of the development of the theory of management sciences. Today, it seems that this issue should be subjected to a new conceptualization due to the growing importance of multidimen-sional spaces in which enterprises operate and the erosion of traditionally interpreted boundaries. At the same time, the notion of a boundary itself is an ambigous concept that derived from and rooted mainly in non-management sciences. Therefore, research on or-ganizational boundaries requires an interdisciplinary approach. In the Polish management science environment, the discussion on border issues is clearly visible, although this is not a question that dominates the mainstream. The aim of the article is to contribute to a sci-entific discussion in the field of conceptualization of organizational boundaries in the con-text of a changing reality. The article consists of an introduction, a part devoted to the analysis of organizational boundaries in the perspective of heterogeneous spaces and a part related to presenting the problem of the emergence of "new" boundaries. The whole is concluded with a summary. The article is a review based on interdisciplinary literature research.
Value of crowdsourcing in the development process of prod-uct innovations
Authors: Szwajlik Anna
Published: March 2019

The article is a theoretical consideration of the possibilities of using crowdsourcing in the development process of product innovations. In the first part of the article the essence of crowdsourcing is shown through the prism of selected elements of the definition. The next part of the article presents the concept of using crowdsourcing at individual stages of the product innovation development process and the wisdom of the crowd as a factor creating value in the discussed process.
Financial information in the management of the local gov-ernment unit
Authors: Wakuła Monika
Published: March 2019

Changes occurring in the conditions under which local government units function require the adaptation of the type, scope and frequency of information provided that is used in decision-making processes. In business entities, relevant information used in management is provided by the accounting department and in particular its last stage of reporting. The current accounting system of territorial self-government units is simplified and directed towards the implementation of budgetary tasks and the maintenance of budgetary disci-pline. Accordingly, the information contained in those companies' reports is incomplete and insufficient for management purposes. Therefore, it would be necessary to transform this system in order to improve the use of information generated in the management process.
WCAG 2.0 as an element of external communication and branding of selected public administration institutions
Authors: Wasiak-Poniatowski Jędrzej , Mróz-Gorgoń Barbara
Published: March 2019

The article presents issues related to the elements of branding of public institutions (local government units) in the context of the implementation of effective standards for access to content published on the Internet (WCAG 2.0). The presented research results show a far-reaching divergence between the broadly understood image building and the complex aspects of the quality of communication, in particular directed to people with various disabilities.
ALGORITHM OF USER’S PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION AGAINST DATA LEAKS IN WINDOWS 10 OS
Authors: Zadereyko Olexander , Trofymenko Olena , Loginova Nataliia
Published: March 2019

In the European Union, in the first half of 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation came into force, which established the new rules for processing users’ personal data for IT companies. The operating systems (OS) are the dominant software that is responsible for collecting and processing data in computer systems. The most common OS is the Windows OS family. The authors identified Windows 10 operating systems, that collect and accumulate user's personal data; developed and tested practically an algorithm, the application of which localizes and blocks the transfer of user's personal data to official servers of the Microsoft company.
STEGANOGRAPHY – THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Barannik Vladimir , Gorodetsky Bogdan , Barannik Natalia
Published: March 2019

Analysis of modern interstate conflicts, trends in the development of forms of warfare. It is shown that confrontation is characterized by various forms, is hidden in nature and is carried out mainly in the political, economic, informational and other spheres. It is proved that a significant part of hybrid wars are information operations used for the destructive impact on society, commercial activities, politics and economics using information and communication space and technologies. The article expresses the need to create a theoretical basis for combating cyber attacks in special telecommunication systems as an integral part of the national security of the state. The development of methods for hiding information as well as providing information during video streaming and images in networks is underway. The basic calculations are given at the initial stages of information hiding and methods for ensuring the latent transfer of data in telecommunication systems.
ANALYSIS AND CHOICE OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS BASED ON THE USE THE NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Oksiiuk Oleksandr , Krotov Vadym
Published: March 2019

In the past few years, we have seen a rapid expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, current devices, applications and protocols are solely focused on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by ad hoc networking. Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile networks that can operate without infrastructure and without centralized network management. In such networks, the wireless mobile nodes may dynamically enter the network as well as leave the network. Mobility and dynamic topology are the main characteristics of ad hoc networks. In the last years, the hundreds of new routing protocols were designed, that are used for the various scenarios of this design space. The routing features in wireless ad hoc networks are described. The corresponding routing protocols are reviewed. The paper proposes a method for selecting the preferred protocol wireless networks using the mathematical tools of neural networks.
Avaliações municipais: uma revisão bibliográfica (1990-2016)
Authors: Silva Antônia Bruna da , Fernandes Maria Beatriz
Published: March 2019

Neste texto apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa que foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de localizar e analisar a produção científica sobre iniciativas municipais de avaliação veiculada em cinco fontes especializadas em avaliação educacional, no período de 1990 a 2016, com vistas destacar os principais aspectos característicos dessas avaliações. Nas bases de dados pesquisadas identificou-se um total de dezoito publicações que contêm em seus títulos algum indicativo de abordagem da temática. É com base em tais estudos que se apresenta um conjunto de peculiaridades e tendências atinentes às avaliações municipais.Palavras-chave: avaliação; iniciativas municipais de avaliação; produção científica.
The safety of one-per-mil tumescent infiltration into tissue that has survived ischemia
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari , Nindita Eliza
Published: March 2019

Background The aim of this study was to assess the safety of one-per-mil tumescent injections into viable skin flaps that had survived an ischemic insult, in order to assess the potential suitability of one-per-mil tumescent injections in future secondary reconstructive procedures such as flap revision and refinements after replantation.

Methods Forty groin flaps harvested from 20 healthy Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were subjected to acute ischemia by clamping the pedicle for 15 minutes. All flaps showing total survival on the 7th postoperative day were randomly divided into group A (one-per-mil tumescent infiltration; n=14), group B (normal saline infiltration; n=13), and group C (control, with no infiltration; n=13) before being re-elevated. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was measured before and after infiltration, and changes in TcPO2 were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, the paired t-test, and the independent t-test. The viability of flaps was also assessed using the Analyzing Digital Images software at 7 days after the second elevation.

Results Thirty-nine flaps survived to the final assessment, with the sole exception of a flap from group A that did not survive the first elevation. TcPO2 readings showed significant decreases (P<0.05) following both one-per-mil tumescent (99.9±5.7 mmHg vs. 37.2±6.3 mmHg) and normal saline (103±8.5 mmHg vs. 48.7±5.9 mmHg) infiltration. Moreover, all groin flaps survived with no signs of tissue necrosis.

Conclusions One-per-mil tumescent infiltration into groin flap tissue that had survived ischemia did not result in tissue necrosis, although the flaps experienced a significant decrease of cutaneous oxygenation.
About the significance of the authorship of artwork in the Radvila Manor during the 18th century
Authors: Paliušytė Aistė
Published: March 2019

Relying on written sources, the article examines the understanding of the authorship of artwork in the Radvila (Radziwiłł) Manor during the 18th century. Various types of sources are analysed: occasional literature, travel descriptions, correspondence of Radvilas’ officials, inventories of art collections, etc. Mentions of the authorship of artwork in the written sources of the manor were encouraged because of the reputation of artists. The assessments of the authorship were based on common knowledge and the experience of observing paintings. When paintings were evaluated, the general characteristics of the work’s quality were usually noted. Only occasionally the individual style of the authors was recognized. The author is primarily seen as tasked with the assurance of the work’s quality.
The history of the art commissions by the Radvilas testifies that the understanding of the integrity of an author’s intention was not widespread in the noblemen’s manor. The clients had varying degrees of influence on the creative process. The noblemen often presented sketches and samples for the artists to base their work on. Still, even though the artist was often an implementer of the client’s idea, there were signs that showed the significance not only of the master’s handiwork but also of his mental input. The origins of these ideas came both from the Radvilas themselves and from the most appreciated and the most informed masters in the noblemen’s manor.
Measuring Information System Project Success through a Software-Assisted Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Guo Jin Xiu
Published: March 2019

Information System (IS)/IT project success is a growing interest in management due to its high impact on organizational change and effectiveness. Libraries have been adopting integrated library systems (ILS) to manage services and resources for years. It is essential for librarians to understand the mechanism of IS project management in order to successfully bring technology innovation to the organization. This study develops a theoretical model of measuring IS project success and tests it in an ILS merger project through a software-assisted qualitative content analysis. The model addresses project success through three constructs: (1) project management process, (2) project outcomes, and (3) contextual factors. The results indicate project management success alone cannot guarantee project success; project outputs and contextual factors also influence success through the leadership of the project manager throughout the lifecycle. The study not only confirms the proposed model in a post-project evaluation, but also signifies that project assessment can reinforce organizational learning, increase the chance of achieving success, and maximize overall returns for an organization. The qualitative content analysis with NVivo 11 has provided a new research method for project managers to self-assess an IS/IT project success systematically and learn from their experiences throughout the project lifecycle.
Krigen 1864 i dansk og tysk billedkunst
Authors: Adriansen Inge
Published: March 2019

Ved de første kunstakademier, der blev oprettet i 1600-tallet, blev historiemaleriet anset for den fornemste genre indenfor malerkunsten. Denne vurdering skyldtes de særlige krav, som en god historiemaler skulle opfylde. Ud fra historiske værker skulle han fortolke en fortidig begivenhed og omforme det til fængende billedsprog. I slutningen af 1700-tallet blev det tilladt også at skildre samtidige historiske begivenheder, og historiemaleriet kom nu i høj grad til at tjene til forherligelse af fyrstehuse og store mænds bedrifter. I slutningen af 1800-tallet svandt interessen for historiemaleriet, der dog nåede en opblomstring både i Danmark på grund af De slesvigske Krige og i Tyskland som følge af kejserrigets grundlæggelse.
"Løjtnant-oprøret" i Tønder 1926: Drama, tragedie eller farce
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj
Published: March 2019

Årene efter Genforeningen blev økonomisk vanskelige i Sønderjylland og dannede grobunden for en såkaldt Selvstyrebevægelse, anført af den karismatiske storbonde Cornelius Petersen. Ved siden af økonomiske krav agiterede han for at genindføre middelalderens frisiske bonderepublik. Samtidig med bevægelsens klimaks i efteråret 1926 anholdt Statspolitiet en lille gruppe yngre officerer med tætte relationer til Petersen og anklagede dem for forsøg på at anstifte oprør. Artiklen  gennemgår det empiriske materiale vedrørende »løjtnant-oprøret« og baggrunden for, at de tre anklagede blev pure frifundet af Søndre Landsret i januar 1927.
Den danske Kongemagt og den nordslesvigske Bondestand i forrige Aarhundrede
Authors: Lauridsen P.
Published: March 2019

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Morire di contenzione: riflessioni di deontologia e di infermieristica legale sulla vicenda di Francesco Mastrogiovanni
Authors: Pais dei Mori Luigi , Lattarulo Pio
Published: March 2019

Talking about physical containment, in a nursing framework, means exploring a particular world, with many “I would like, but I can not”, that often speaks us about the moral and professional distress of the team involved in the “containment process”, because this, in fact, limits the freedom of the assisted person. And this limit of rights, jarring with nursing values, often represents a perceived “necessary pain” in different nursing settings.Organizational asphyxia, lack of motivation about change, ineffective leadership, knowledge deficits, lack of role identities and awareness are often promoters of incessant dangerous conditions, which turn procedures from “necessary pain” into real crimes.Francesco Mastrogiovanni’s story is, unfortunately, the proven evidence that the malign and uncritical customs have dramatic consequences
ANGÉLINE DE MONTBRUN OU LA DISSOLUTION DE L’UTOPIE ULTRAMONTAINE
Authors: ROBERT LUCIE
Published: March 2019

Dans Formation de l’imaginaire littéraire au Québec, 1764-1867, Maurice Lemire notait que « les structures de redoublement de miniaturisation » dominent le monde du roman au xixe siècle. Cette miniaturisation se lit dans la création d’une société en miniature (précisément), isolée du reste du monde, un « enclos » (le mot est de Lemire) où le monde est réduit à la parenté et au voisinage et à l’intérieur duquel « tout est euphémisé » (ibid). Nous croyons que ces miniatures correspondent à des utopies. Nous suggérons donc de relire le roman de Laure Conan comme présentant à travers la création de Valriant une de ces miniatures et de mettre en valeur l’utopie que le roman propose, qui se révélera une utopie ultramontaine. À la différence des utopies libérales que sont celles sur lesquelles se terminent par exemple Charles Guérin de Chauveau et Jean Rivard d’Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, et qui sont aussi une projection dans un avenir imaginaire, les utopies ultramontaines (que l’on retrouvera dans la finale de Pour la patrie de Tardivel) sont des univers sans avenir possible, destinés à disparaître avec la/le protagoniste. Reste la question de savoir ce qu’est une utopie ultramontaine au féminin et on observera comment Valriant se construit contre l’image du cloître, qui sera pourtant celle qui survivra au xxe siècle.
NOS DÉSIRS SANS LIMITES
Authors: FOURNIER VIRGINIE
Published: March 2019

Une parole féminine originale et innovatrice émerge des mises en récit de désirs féminins, de ces interdits transgressés par les protagonistes des romans Jane Eyre et Angéline de Montbrun (l’adultère chez Charlotte Brontë et le fantasme incestueux chez Laure Conan). Souvent symbolisé par les reflets des flammes des foyers sur les corps des héros, le regard des femmes s’est posé sur les patriarches. Compris dans le cadre d’une focalisation féminine, les hommes en position d’autorité sont objectivés, intégrés dans des représentations qui s’enchâssent dans une mise en abyme de l’acte d’écriture. Par l’étude des enjeux de la mise en récit des désirs féminins interdits, l’oeuvre de Conan est intégrée à une histoire littéraire des femmes plus vaste, plus ancienne et qui recoupe des domaines qui sont encore à penser, pour contrer l’effet discriminant des frontières géographiques et des identités nationales, et ainsi parvenir à mieux scruter la cohérence d’un imaginaire littéraire au féminin.
External validation of postnatal gestational age estimation using newborn metabolic profiles in Matlab, Bangladesh
Authors: Murphy Malia SQ , Hawken Steven , Cheng Wei , Wilson Lindsay A , Lamoureux Monica , Henderson Matthew , Pervin Jesmin , Chowdhury Azad , Gravett Courtney , Lackritz Eve , Potter Beth K , Walker Mark , Little Julian , Rahman Anisur , Chakraborty Pranesh , Wilson Kumanan
Published: March 2019

This study sought to evaluate the performance of metabolic gestational age estimation models developed in Ontario, Canada in infants born in Bangladesh. Cord and heel prick blood spots were collected in Bangladesh and analyzed at a newborn screening facility in Ottawa, Canada. Algorithm-derived estimates of gestational age and preterm birth were compared to ultrasound-validated estimates. 1036 cord blood and 487 heel prick samples were collected from 1069 unique newborns. The majority of samples (93.2% of heel prick and 89.9% of cord blood) were collected from term infants. When applied to heel prick data, algorithms correctly estimated gestational age to within an average deviation of 1 week overall (root mean square error = 1.07 weeks). Metabolic gestational age estimation provides accurate population-level estimates of gestational age in this data set. Models were effective on data obtained from both heel prick and cord blood, the latter being a more feasible option in low-resource settings.
Does disease start in the mouth, the gut or both?
Authors: Prodan Andrei , Levin Evgeni , Nieuwdorp Max
Published: March 2019

Oral bacteria colonize the gut more frequently than previously thought.
Scaffolding e-voting in developing countries
Authors: Maletić Marija , Barać Dušan , Rakočević Vuk , Naumović Tamara , Bjelica Artur
Published: March 2019

Research question: This paper discusses e-voting as an integral part of e-government in developing countries. E-voting enables automation of casting and counting votes. Motivation: The main goal was to investigate the readiness of both the public sector and citizens for switching from common “paper” voting method to electronic system-based voting. In order to improve democracy and trust in the election process (IDEA, 2011), the e-voting system should be reliable, accurate and secure (Mauw, Verschuren, & de Vink, 2007). The example that should be followed is the Estonian e-voting system (Drechsler, 2004). Idea: We proposed a comprehensive e-voting model that includes five components: e-voting services, IT infrastructure, participants’ registration, components integration and a system for counting and reporting. Security is the most important issue that should be overcome by using the cryptographic protocols. Reliability and availability of the e-voting system should not be neglected, and it should be able to save all verified casted votes. Data: In order to examine the readiness and awareness of e-voting potentials in a developing country, we conducted a survey that included 152 persons from three different groups: individuals, legal entities and e-government employees. Tools: In order to establish relationships among opinions of the three groups of respondents to the survey that was conducted, a comparative analysis was performed. For this purpose the questions were divided into four categories. Findings: As it was expected, the study results have showed that survey participants find security, lack of qualified staff and mistrust of the older generations towards new technologies as the crucial issues in developing and implementing the e-voting model. Based on the responses the cost reduction, ease of use and efficiency improvement are recognized as categories that could be realized by implementation of the e-voting system. Contribution: The results show the respondents’ opinion regarding the e-voting system introduction as a legitimate voting tool. It can reduce abuse, voting costs and manual errors.
Identification of gene-phenotype connectivity associated with flavanone naringenin by functional network analysis
Authors: Fu Suhong , Zhang Yongqun , Shi Jing , Hao Doudou , Zhang Pengfei
Published: March 2019

Naringenin, extracted from grapefruits and citrus fruits, is a bioactive flavonoid with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic, and anticancer properties. In the past two decades, the growth of publications of naringenin in PubMed suggests that naringenin is quickly gaining interest. However, systematically regarding its biological functions connected to its direct and indirect target proteins remains difficult but necessary. Herein, we employed a set of bioinformatic platforms to integrate and dissect available published data of naringenin. Analysis based on DrugBank and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins revealed seven direct protein targets and 102 indirect protein targets. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of total 109 naringenin-mediated proteins was next visualized using Cytoscape. What’s more, all naringenin-mediated proteins were subject to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery, which resulted in three ESR1-related signaling pathways and prostate cancer pathway. Refined analysis of PPI network and KEGG pathway identified four genes (ESR1, PIK3CA, AKT1, and MAPK1). Further genomic analysis of four genes using cBioPortal indicated that naringenin might exert biological effects via ESR1 signaling axis. In general, this work scrutinized naringenin-relevant knowledge and provided an insight into the regulation and mediation of naringenin on prostate cancer.
Impact of Strain, pH and Ethanol Concentration on Ethanol Activation Method of Bacillus Spores Using a Single Spore Approach
Authors: Tong A. Nkoue , Kamdem S. L. Sado , Etoa F. X.
Published: March 2019

Aims: This work aims to determine the ideal conditions for ethanol activation of spores during their enumeration and compare to thermal activation which is the reference method.

Place and duration: Department of Microbiology of the University of Yaoundé I between May2016 and June 2018.

Methodology: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis spores were activated according to an experimental central composite design with three-factor. The factors considered were exposure time, ethanol concentration, pH and activation temperature according to the types of activation. Germination yield was carried out by individually monitoring each spore of a population on solid medium in order to determine the population germination kinetic parameters (time and rate of colony appearance within a population during germination) and germination yields. These parameters were compared with those obtained after thermal activation known as a reference method.

Results: The factors strain and pH, significantly influenced the rate of spore germination within the population after ethanol activation. In the case of thermal activation, the specie and activation temperature were the most influential factors. The best germination yields were obtained for alcoholic activation of spores at 30% ethanol for 60min exposure at pH7, while for thermal activation the best yields varied from one strain to another depending on the activation conditions.

Conclusion: Ethanol activation can be considered as a good substitute of thermal activation during spore enumeration provided activation conditions are well controlled. This is in our opinion the first detailed study comparing ethanol activation to heat activation of Bacillus spores. It will impact future revisions of spore enumeration protocols proposed by norms that take into consideration spore activation and reduce bias in spore enumeration.
Deep P‐C Interface Reconstruction for High‐Performance Potassium Storage
Authors: Chen Wei , Deng Hongli , Guo Yang , Chen Song , Yuan Yizhi , Jia Xinxin , Zhang Qiusheng , Zhao Qingyi , Guo Xiangdong , Sun Hongtao , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan
Published: November 2024

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) capable of achieving full charge in minutes, or even in seconds, while maintaining high energy densities, are highly desirable for practical applications. However, significant challenges exist in developing electrodes that can sustain both high capacity and rapid charging rates. Conventional phosphorus‐carbon composites, limited by the intrinsic common carbon materials structure, often fail to prevent the edges reconstruction of black phosphorus (BP), thereby limiting its potential advantages as a high‐capacity, high‐rate anode. This study addresses these challenges by grafting BP onto a super‐porous carbon (SPC) framework to serve as an anode for potassium storage. The large number of open pores in SPC ensures the uniform distribution of BP nanoparticles in this carbon matrix, realizing the complete potassiation reactions and uniform volumetric strain dispersion. The abundant defects significantly promote the phosphorus‐carbon reconstruction between edge carbon atoms and edge phosphorus atoms, effectively inhibiting the P‐P edge reconstruction of BP to ensure open edges for rapid K+ diffusion. As a result, the composite exhibits excellent performance in potassium storage, demonstrating superior capacity, charging rates, and cycling durability. This research provides a new insight into enhancing BP‐base anodes, offering favorable guidance for the development of high‐performance materials.