bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metavalent Bonding in 2D Chalcogenides: Structural Origin and Chemical Mechanisms
Authors: Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh , Rao C. N. R.
Published: November 2023

An unusual set of anomalous functional properties of rocksalt crystals of Group IV chalcogenides were recently linked to a kind of bonding termed as metavalent bonding (MVB) which involves violation of the 8‐N rule. Precise mechanisms of MVB and the relevance of lone pair of Group IV cations are still debated. With restrictions of low dimensionality on the possible atomic coordination, 2D materials provide a rich platform for exploration of MVB. Here, we present first‐principles theoretical analysis of the nature of bonding in five distinct 2D lattices of Group IV chalcogenides MX (M: Sn, Pb, Ge and X: S, Se, Te), in which the natural out‐of‐plane expression of the lone pair versus in‐plane bonding can be systematically explored. While their honeycomb lattices respecting the 8‐N rule are shown to exhibit covalent bonding, their square and orthorhombic structures exhibit MVB only in‐plane, with cationic lone pair activating the out‐of‐plane structural puckering that controls their relative stability. Anomalies in Born‐effective charges, dielectric constants, Grüneisen parameters occur only in their in‐plane behaviour, confirming MVB is confined strictly to 2D and originates from p‐p orbital interactions. Our work opens up directions for chemical design of MVB based 2D materials and their heterostructures.
Regiodivergent Arylation of Pyridines via Zincke Intermediates
Authors: Wang Haiwen , Greaney Michael F.
Published: November 2023

An arylation protocol for pyridines is described, via the ring‐opened Zincke intermediate. Treatment of pyridines with triflic anhydride and a secondary amine produces an azahexatriene species, which undergoes regioselective Pd‐catalyzed arylation at the putative C4 position. Recyclization then provides the pyridine products. Alternatively, metal‐free arylation with a diaryliodonium salt is selective for the pyridine meta‐position, affording a regiodivergent approach to pyridine biaryls from a common intermediate.
Palladium‐Based Dyotropic Rearrangement Enables A Triple Functionalization of Gem‐Disubstituted Alkenes: An Unusual Fluorolactonization Reaction
Authors: Feng Qiang , Liu Chen‐Xu , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: November 2023

We report in this paper a Pd(II)‐catalyzed migratory gem‐fluorolactonization of ene‐carboxylic acids. Reaction of 4‐methylenealkanoic acid derivatives with Selectfluor in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (1.0 mol %) at room temperature affords fluorolactones in good to excellent yields. 2‐(2‐Methylenecycloalkanyl)acetic acids are transformed to bridged fluorolactones under identical conditions. One C−C, one C−O and one tertiary C−F bond were generated along the gem‐disubstituted carbon‐carbon double bond in this operationally simple transformation. Trapping experiments indicates that the reaction is initiated by a 5‐exo‐trig oxypalladation followed by Pd oxidation, regioselective ring‐enlarging 1,2‐alkyl/Pd(IV) dyotropic rearrangement and C−F bond forming reductive elimination cascade. Post‐transformations of these fluorolactones taking advantage of the electrophilicity of the 1‐fluoroalkylcarboxylate function are also documented.
Corrosion protection effect of rust and scales: A “metal protects metal” perception by considering the examples of hematite and magnetite
Authors: Ratnani Sonia , Kumari Anita , Verma Chandrabhan
Published: November 2023

The present report proposes a contradictory remark on the idiom “Iron cuts Iron” that could be synonymized as “Metal cuts Metal” using the example of hematite and magnetite. Most metals and alloys are highly reactive, forming rusts and scales primarily consisting of metal oxides. The formation of metal oxide layers is known as passivation. Generally, passivated metallic surfaces provide anticorrosive protection by avoiding the attacks of corrosive species on the fresh metal surface; therefore, “Corrosion is a Necessary Evil (CNE).” Most passive films are protective, but not all, and their actual nature can be determined using the Pilling–Bedworth ratio (PBR). In dry conditions, passivation occurs spontaneously by the oxidation of metal atoms, but in aqueous media, some external additives, called passivators, are added to build the passive films. Herein, by considering examples of hematite and magnetite, the anticorrosive properties of rusts and scales are described in dry and wet (solution and coating) environments.
Traits of narcissistic vulnerability in adults with autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Broglia Giovanni , Nisticò Veronica , Di Paolo Bianca , Faggioli Raffaella , Bertani Angelo , Gambini Orsola , Demartini Benedetta
Published: November 2023

The relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), considering the dimensions of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability, represents an important differential diagnosis and potential ground of comorbidity, since both conditions show high grades of pervasiveness, a life‐long course, ego‐syntonic traits, and difficulties in building up and sustaining interpersonal relationships Although the co‐diagnosis rates, according to the categorical criteria in use, are limited (0%–6.4%), it is common to encounter diagnostic doubts in clinical practice. Here we investigated the dimensions of narcissistic vulnerability and grandiosity in a sample of 87 adults diagnosed with ASD without intellectual disabilities through the administration of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory‐52 Items (PNI‐52). The mean scores of our sample were compared with the normative distribution available in the literature, and we found that individuals with ASD scored significantly higher than neurotypical controls at the Total Score and at the Vulnerable Narcissism subscale, but not at the Grandiose Narcissism subscales. Demographic features did not influence these results. Vulnerable narcissism was significantly associated with the “Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale ‐ Revised” subscale Social Relatedness. These findings could potentially be indicative of a greater comorbidity rate between the two disorders with respect to the one reported to date, possibly because DSM‐5 criteria are mainly focused on the grandiose dimension. Potential explanatory links between ASD phenomenology and vulnerable narcissism, such as the personality dimension of neuroticism, are discussed, together with the possible role of narcissistic vulnerability in mediating internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) in individuals with ASD.
FTO‐mediated ZNF687 accelerates tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Li Junyi , Li Shixin , Xing Xiaoxiao , Liu Nini , Lai Suyu , Liao Daixiang , Li Jun
Published: November 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal cancer. ZNF687 has been disclosed to take part in diversified cancers’ progression by serving as a facilitator. However, the detailed regulatory functions of ZNF687 in the CRC have not been investigated. This work is planned to probe the impacts of ZNF687 on CRC progression. The IHC, RT‐qPCR, and western blot assays were used to examine mRNA and protein gene expressions. The cell proliferation measurement was accompanied by a CCK‐8 assay. The Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell invasion and migration. The angiogenesis ability was evaluated by a tube formation experiment. The m6A level was evaluated through MeRIP and m6A dot blot assays. The binding ability between ZNF687 and FTO (fat mass and obesity associated protein) was tested through an RIP assay. The β‐catenin nuclear translocation was assessed through an immunofluorescence assay. The tumor growth was evaluated through an in vivo assay. ZNF687 exhibited higher expression in CRC cells and resulted in a poor prognosis. Additionally, ZNF687 inhibition suppressed CRC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the suppression of ZNF687 retarded the Wnt pathway. Through rescue assays, the reduced cell migration, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis mediated by ZNF687 knockdown could be reversed after BML‐284 (the activator of the Wnt pathway) treatment. Finally, it was explained that ZNF687 knockdown inhibited in vivo tumor growth. This study manifested that FTO‐mediated ZNF687 aggravated tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis of CRC through Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. This finding may provide a hopeful molecular target for CRC treatment.
The early dorsal signal in vertebrate embryos requires endolysosomal membrane trafficking
Authors: Azbazdar Yagmur , De Robertis Edward M.
Published: November 2023

Fertilization triggers cytoplasmic movements in the frog egg that lead in mysterious ways to the stabilization of β‐catenin on the dorsal side of the embryo. The novel Huluwa (Hwa) transmembrane protein, identified in China, is translated specifically in the dorsal side, acting as an egg cytoplasmic determinant essential for β‐catenin stabilization. The Wnt signaling pathway requires macropinocytosis and the sequestration inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs, the precursors of endolysosomes) of Axin1 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) that normally destroy β‐catenin. In Xenopus, the Wnt‐like activity of GSK3 inhibitors and of Hwa mRNA can be blocked by brief treatment with inhibitors of membrane trafficking or lysosomes at the 32‐cell stage. In dorsal blastomeres, lysosomal cathepsin is activated and intriguing MVBs surrounded by electron dense vesicles are formed at the 64‐cell stage. We conclude that membrane trafficking and lysosomal activity are critically important for the earliest asymmetries in vertebrate embryonic development.
Bioinspired 3D microprinted cell scaffolds: Integration of graph theory to recapitulate complex network wiring in lymph nodes
Authors: Chin Matthew H. W. , Reid Barry , Lachina Veronika , Acton Sophie E. , Coppens Marc‐Olivier
Published: November 2023

Physical networks are ubiquitous in nature, but many of them possess a complex organizational structure that is difficult to recapitulate in artificial systems. This is especially the case in biomedical and tissue engineering, where the microstructural details of 3D cell scaffolds are important. Studies of biological networks—such as fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) networks—have revealed the crucial role of network topology in a range of biological functions. However, cell scaffolds are rarely analyzed, or designed, using graph theory. To understand how networks affect adhered cells, 3D culture platforms capturing the complex topological properties of biologically relevant networks would be needed. In this work, we took inspiration from the small‐world organization (high clustering and low path length) of FRC networks to design cell scaffolds. An algorithmic toolset was created to generate the networks and process them to improve their 3D printability. We employed tools from graph theory to show that the networks were small‐world (omega factor, ω = ‐0.10 ± 0.02; small‐world propensity, SWP = 0.74 ± 0.01). 3D microprinting was employed to physicalize networks as scaffolds, which supported the survival of FRCs. This work, therefore, represents a bioinspired, graph theory‐driven approach to control the networks of microscale cell niches.
An advanced course sequence in eukaryotic cell and molecular biology: A year‐long course where active learning and peer‐led groups resulted in higher learning gains and significant course passing scores
Authors: Soto Julio G. , French Rachael , Anand Sulekha
Published: November 2023

We developed an advanced, year‐long course sequence in eukaryotic cell and molecular biology in order to increase conceptual understanding. Three years of historical data from a one semester, traditional‐lecture, senior cell and molecular biology course (n = 237) were compared with 3 years of data collected from the year‐long course sequence (n = 176). There were significant content gains for the students who enrolled in the course sequence when pre‐ and post‐assessments were compared (p < 0.0001). There was an association between earning a C or better in the course sequence and 70% or higher in the post‐assessment instrument (p < 0.05). Final course grades for Bio 135A were calculated from three open ended exams and the percentage of correct answers on the clicker questions. For Bio135B, final grades were calculated from three open ended exams, clicker responses, a seven‐page literature review on an environmental carcinogen and its effects on signal transduction pathways, and a formal presentation of one of the research articles they used in the literature review. The students who took the second semester of the course passed at higher rates than the students who enrolled in the traditional‐lecture course (p < 0.05). Clicker answers to the research problem sets and the final course grades correlated significantly for both semesters of the course sequence (p < 0.01). We conclude that conceptually‐connected learning gains can be obtained when the content is taught in a format that includes short lectures and group work to solve research questions.
Significance of Industry 4.0 technologies in major work functions of manufacturing for sustainable development of small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Narkhede Ganesh , Mahajan Sonal , Narkhede Rupesh , Chaudhari Tansen
Published: November 2023

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) has brought transformative changes in the manufacturing sector. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the applications of I4.0 technologies in major work functions of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, this review focuses on the suitability of I4.0 technologies in areas such as New Product Development, Supply Chain Management, Internal Logistics Management, Production Planning Execution and Control, Quality Management, and Maintenance Management. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to comprehensively analyze relevant sources to present valuable perspectives and practical suggestions customized to the requirements of different essential work functions within manufacturing SMEs. The findings of SLR indicate that Big Data Analytics (BDA), Robotics, and Automation are perceived as highly sustainable, on the other hand, blockchain and cloud technology are viewed as having lower sustainability from SMEs' point of view. The findings presented in this article have several theoretical and practical implications including technology selection and integration, and considering sustainability and ethics. This will allow SMEs to seamlessly integrate distinct I4.0 technologies along three dimensions: vertical, horizontal, and end‐to‐end digital integration. This article intends to provide an unbiased assessment to ascertain the landscape occupied by I4.0 in the context of SMEs. This article highlights the connection and synergy between I4.0 and SMEs as well as the pertinence of how advanced technologies of I4.0 can influence the business processes in manufacturing SMEs.
Psychological treatments for psychological distress in dementia with emphasis on acceptance and commitment therapy: A critical perspective
Authors: Robinson Amie , Moghaddam Nima
Published: November 2023

Background

This commentary offers a critical reflection on the current status of evidence‐based psychological treatments for psychological distress in dementia, with a particular emphasis on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).

Purpose

The paper hypothesises several explanations, such as ethical dilemmas with recruitment and consent, and possible preconceptions surrounding the nature, scope and likelihood of therapeutic change in this population, for a lack of interventional research on people with dementia.

Implications

We highlight some recent developments in psychological therapy with people with dementia that are raising more questions and generating new outcome research.
Preliminary Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential ofLeonurus japonicusHoutt. Extracts
Authors: de Assunção Morais Laís Caroline , Koga Adriana , Klein Traudi , Kist Airton , de Oliveira Márcia Regina Paes , Cavalcante Lipinski Leandro , Beltrame Flávio Luís , Colerato Ferrari Priscileila
Published: November 2023

Leonurus japonicusHoutt. is a medicinal plant popular in Brazil as “rubim”, used in local folk medicine for several applications as an anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial phytomedicine. The traditional use for wound healing is related; however, few studies have evaluated the wound healing activity. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the popular indication of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts ofL. japonicusaerial parts in a rat wound healing model. The initial chemical characterization was performed using flavonoid quantification and complemented with mass spectroscopy/chemometrics analysis. The wound‘s lesion contraction and tissue regeneration (histological study stained with hematoxylin‐eosin and picrosirius) were determined. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented high flavonoid content, and mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts demonstrated the presence of compounds with a mass between 100–650, reinforcing the presence of polyphenolic constituents. The extracts ofL. japonicusimprove various wound healing phases, like inflammatory modulation, wound contraction, and collagen synthesis, resulting in faster healing in rats. These effects could be related to the extracts′ polyphenolic compounds.
A Tight Contact: The Expanding Application of Salicylaldehydes in Lysine‐Targeting Covalent Drugs
Authors: Mason Mattia , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Dal Corso Alberto
Published: November 2023

The installation of aldehydes into synthetic protein ligands is an efficient strategy to engage protein lysine residues in remarkably stable imine bonds and augment the compound affinity and selectivity for their biological targets. The high frequency of lysine residues in proteins and the reversibility of the covalent ligand‐protein bond support the application of aldehyde‐bearing ligands, holding promises for their future use as drugs. This review highlights the increasing exploitation of salicylaldehyde modules in various classes of protein binders, aimed at the reversible‐covalent engagement of lysine residues.
Intravascular ultrasound‐guided STAR 2.0: A new technique for chronic total occlusion recanalization
Authors: Garbo Roberto , Iannaccone Mario , Bruno Francesco , Arioti Manfredi
Published: November 2023

The use of the subintimal space has allowed a massive advancement in the field of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The STAR technique is the first of subintimal techniques. Despite a high acute success rate, follow‐up results showed unfavorable outcomes with half of the treated patients showing restenosis/reocclusion at 6 months. We present three cases in which a modification of the STAR technique guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), namely the STAR 2.0, was used as a bailout for successful PCI of chronic total occlusions.
Reliability and validity of the Self‐Reflection and Insight Scale for psychologists and the development and validation of the revised short version
Authors: Banner S. E. , Rice K. , Schutte N. , Cosh S. M. , Rock A. J.
Published: November 2023

Self‐reflection is broadly considered a core competency for psychologists; however, there is an absence of measures of self‐reflection, limiting the extent to which self‐reflection can be assessed in both research and practice contexts. Whilst the Self‐Reflection and Insight Scale (Grant et al., 2002) has been validated in a range of formats with different populations, it has not yet been validated with psychologists. Further, the psychometric properties of a short version of the scale (Silvia, 2021) have not been examined for use with psychologists. This study tested the factor structure, internal consistency and convergent and divergent validity of the Self‐Reflection and Insight Scale with registered psychologists (N = 123), finding both the full scale and short version to have sound psychometrics. However, as there were low loading items across both versions of the measure, and the short version also excluded high‐loading items, the SRIS‐Revised (SRIS‐R) was formed through model improvement, retaining a total of 14 items. This revised version of the scale captures high loading items without redundancy of low‐loading items, resulting in a measure that parsimoniously captures the construct of self‐reflection as relevant to psychologists. The SRIS‐R demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .882), convergent, divergent and construct validity. Scores on the SRIS‐R were used to test whether there was a correlation between self‐reflection and years of professional registration, with this not being significant.
Recent Advances in Perylene Diimides (PDI)‐based Small Molecules Used for Emission and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Sun Hua , Zhang Qichun
Published: November 2023

Perylene diimides (PDIs) have received considerable attention as a versatile class of functional dyes owing to their flexible reaction sites and remarkable stability. Recent advances have enhanced our understanding of the fluorescence and photothermal conversion properties of PDI molecules. The interplay between radiative and nonradiative transitions controls the emission and heat generation processes in these molecules. This comprehensive overview summarizes the recent strategies for manipulating the structures of PDI molecules for fluorescence and photothermal conversion applications. Additionally, challenges and potential solutions associated with the usage of fluorescent and photothermal PDI molecules are discussed.
Corporate social responsibility as a framework for gender equality: Mapping of gender equality standards for sustainable development
Authors: Velasco‐Balmaseda Eva , de Celis Izaskun Larrieta‐Rubín , Izaguirre Nagore Embeita
Published: November 2023

Corporations address gender equality issues in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development. As in other areas of CSR, various standards, certifications, and similar initiatives have been proposed to promote gender equality. Despite an increasing number of self‐regulation and signaling schemes being proposed, their study has been overlooked by the scholarly literature. This article tries to shed light on these standards through a two‐stage exploratory study. First, the main worldwide initiatives that focus on gender equality standards are scrutinized and mapped. Second, their main characteristics are analyzed, based on a content analysis of the information disclosed by organizations that foster the most relevant initiatives. A systematic analysis of relevant gender equality standards is provided. This work highlights a dispersion and lack of uniformity in terms of missions, results, measurement, and even the definition of gender equality or the term used to refer to it. No framework has prevailed. Gender equality standards lack gender mainstreaming and intersectionality is invisible. The business case appears to be the main driver of gender equality standards. The present study is one of the first attempts to thoroughly examine the institutional design of gender equality standards, their standard‐setting process as well as their enforcement. We suggest a rethink of the policies that promote the gender equality standards in organizations, as well as a need for collaborative work between managers and policymakers towards the use of common terminology, indicators, and uniformity regarding the terms to be certificated.
Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to environmental adaptation of Grylloprimevala jilina Zhou & Ren 2023
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Zhou Lin , Li Qiuyao , Zhu Xiaoyan , Yu Zhongbo , Ke Haoqin , Chen Qi , Ren Bingzhong
Published: November 2023

Grylloprimevala jilina is a true cave insect living in the dark areas of caves. It has the characteristics of sparse skin pigmentation, degeneration of the compound eyes and monocular eyes, and obvious preference for high‐humidity and low‐temperature environments. Given the highly specialized, rare, and limited distribution, G. jilina is considered an endangered species and also a first‐level national protected insect in China. Cave creatures often undergo dramatic morphological changes in their sensory systems to adapt to the cave environment. Most previous studies mainly focused on morphological adaptive changes in cave insects, and only a few studied the changes at the gene level. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of G. jilina and constructed phylogenetic trees of genes that are related to environmental adaptation, including chemosensory, visual‐related, reproduction‐related, temperature adaptation‐related, and winged morph differentiation‐related genes. Besides, the expression levels of environmental adaption‐related genes in different tissues, including antennae, heads, thoraxes, abdomens, legs, and tails, were analyzed. The results showed the loss of chemosensory genes and vision‐related genes, the conservation of reproduction‐related genes and temperature adaptation‐related genes, and the conservation of wing‐related genes despite the loss of wings, and the results were consistent with other cave insects. The identification and expression study of genes possibly related to the environmental adaptability in G. jilina provided basic data for the protection of this endangered species and increased knowledge about insect evolution in general.
Placebo analgesia in physical and psychological interventions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of three‐armed trials
Authors: Hohenschurz‐Schmidt David , Phalip Jules , Chan Jessica , Gauhe Greta , Soliman Nadia , Vollert Jan , Lunde Sigrid Juhl , Vase Lene
Published: November 2023

Background

The magnitude of placebo effects from physical and psychological ‘sham’ is unknown but could impact efficacy trials and treatment understanding. To quantify placebo effects, this systematic review of three‐armed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of physical and psychological interventions for pain compared outcomes in ‘sham’ control intervention and non‐exposure arms.

Methods

RCTs with treatment, ‘sham’ control intervention, and non‐exposure groups were included, enrolling adults with any pain. A protocol was pre‐registered (PROSPERO: CRD42023413324), and twelve databases searched from 2008 to July 2023. Trial methods and blinding were analysed descriptively and risk of bias assessed. Meta‐analysis of pain measures at short‐, medium‐ and long‐term was performed with random‐effects models of standardised mean differences (SMD).Studies were sub‐grouped according to control intervention type.

Results

Seventeen RCTs were included. The average short‐term placebo effect was small (0.21 SMD, 0.1–0.33 95% CI, p = 0.0002, 1440 participants). It showed no heterogeneity (Tau2 = 0.1, I2 = 11%, p = 0.3), preventing meta‐regression analyses of effect modifiers. However, sub‐group analyses revealed larger placebo effects in manual control interventions compared to disabled devices and miscellaneous control interventions. Overall, placebo analgesia accounted for 39% of treatments’ short‐term effectiveness. No placebo effects were found at medium‐term (7 RCTs, 381 participants) or long‐term follow‐up (3 RCTs, 173 participants).

Conclusions

The observed placebo analgesia has mechanistic and methodological implications, though its clinical importance may be limited. Control intervention design affects placebo effects, highlighting the importance of considering methodology in RCT interpretation. Review limitations include a small number of long‐term studies and sample heterogeneity.

Significance

This systematic review directly quantifies placebo effects from physical and psychological ‘sham’ control interventions and compares them to treatments’ overall effectiveness. By doing so, the review enhances our understanding of placebo effects, their relative contribution in clinical trials, and their susceptibly to trial design. It poses further questions regarding the influence of blinding, participant expectations, and features of the therapeutic context. Overall, the insights provided by this review carry methodological significance and are important for the interpretation and synthesis of efficacy trials in this field.
Analysis of Climate Conditions upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics‐Powered Vehicles
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Nakamura Kyotaro , Ozaki Ryo , Kojima Nobuaki , Ohshita Yoshio , Masuda Taizo , Okumura Kenichi , Mabuchi Takashi , Satou Akinori , Tanimoto Tsutomu , Tomita Yosuke , Zushi Yusuke , Nakado Takashi , Yamada Kazumi , Thiel Christian , Tsakalidis Anastasios , Jaeger‐Waldau Arnulf , Takamoto Tatsuya , Araki Kenji , Ota Yasuyuki , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: November 2023

The development of the vehicles powered by photovoltaic (PV) is desirable and very important for reducing CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long‐distance driving of vehicle‐integrated PV (VIPV)‐powered vehicles without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV‐powered vehicles is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and outside temperature, and the power consumption of the air conditioners. In this article, analytical results for system efficiency of VIPV‐powered vehicles and the effects of usage of air conditioner are presented by using power losses estimated from the electric mileage by using the driving distance data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high‐efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs three‐junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The potential of VIPV‐powered vehicles to be deployed in major cities in Japan and the world is also analyzed. Mild weather cities such as Miyazaki in Japan and Sydney in Australia are thought to have longer driving range even under usage of air conditioners. The other power losses for the VIPV such as temperature rise of VIPV modules and partial shading estimate the previous data and some reference as well as effects of usage of air‐conditioners are also discussed in this article.
Tailoring the Supercapacitance of Hydrothermally Synthesized Co3O4 Nanorods via Ni‐Doping and Fabrication of Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Nagarajan Dhashnamoorthy , Mohideen Mohamedazeem M. , Radhamani Adiyodi Veettil
Published: November 2023

Herein, cost‐effective and highly efficient Co3−XNiXO4 electrodes with various Ni concentrations (X = 0.1 to 0.5) are synthesized for supercapacitors. Ni‐doping effects are elucidated by various structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterizations. The electrochemical studies show a ≈2‐fold increase in the specific capacitance for X = 0.5 when compared to its pristine counterpart. With varying concentrations of Ni, the specific capacitance of Co3O4, Co3−0.2Ni0.2O4, Co3−0.5Ni0.5O4 nanorods exhibits 473, 657, and 892 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 with a capacitance retention rate of 94%, 91%, and 93%, respectively, up to 8000 cycles. Significant enhancement in specific capacitance without compromising the cycling stability is due to the low charge transfer and internal resistances. Symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors are fabricated using the sample with maximum performance, i.e., X = 0.5. The symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 222 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and a capacitance retention of 89.3% over 1000 cycles at 5 Ag−1. For the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) fabrication, Co3Ni0.5O4 and activated carbon are used as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The ASC device shows an excellent energy density of 39.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 754.8 Wh kg−1 with a retention rate of 98.4%.
Effect of Ca and Co over Ni–Al Mixed Oxides for Hydrogen Production by Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Wenzel Isabele Giordani , Perez‐Lopez Oscar W.
Published: November 2023

Ni–Al layered double hydroxide‐derived catalyst is modified with Ca and Co to improve their properties for ethanol steam reforming (ESR). The catalysts are prepared by coprecipitation and are characterized through N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, X‐Ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed oxidation, and NH3‐temperature programmed desorption. Catalyst activity tests are performed between 400 and 600 °C with the calcined catalysts and without reduction using ethanol and water in a 1:3 ratio in a fixed bed reactor with online gas chromatography analysis. The partial substitution of Ni by Co and Ca decreases the acidity of the catalyst. All samples remain stable after the reaction at 600 °C for 8 h and present a full ethanol conversion and high hydrogen selectivity, above 90%. The samples modified by Ca or Co are reduced to metallic phase during the reaction and reveal a smaller crystallite size than NiAl. The sample with Ca prepared with a different precipitant results in a catalyst with a more thermally stable active phase, low acidity, and higher specific surface area. This catalyst presents smaller crystallite size and low‐carbon formation after the reaction at 600 °C for 8 h, demonstrating higher potential for hydrogen production by ESR.
Use of Electrolysis to Produce H2 from Natural and Modified Water
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Ali Bagh , Saggai Sofiane , Biswal Uddhaba , Rout Sachindra Kumar , Abdulameer Sajjad Firas , Barik Debabrata
Published: November 2023

Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, cannot be found in its pure form in nature and must be generated through specific processes to be stored and utilized. The primary methods of producing hydrogen involve electrolyzing water or reforming and gasifying hydrocarbons. Herein, the nature of El‐Oued water on the production of hydrogen by the electrolysis process is investigated experimentally. The experimental work is divided into three parts: 1) the first one of 250 mL of distilled water and potassium oxide (KOH) of (1 mol L−1); 2) the second part of 250 mL of El‐Oued water and potassium oxide (KOH) of (1 mol L−1); and 3) the thrid part of 250 mL of El‐Oued water. The amounts of the produced hydrogen in these scenarios are measured and compared in controlled times. The results insured that the use of El‐Oued water only gives a very few amounts of hydrogen gas in the electrolysis of water. Moreover, distilled water can be replaced by El‐Oued water to produce hydrogen with the same amount of potassium oxide (KOH).
Ground motion models for Fourier amplitude spectra and response spectra using Machine learning techniques
Authors: Meenakshi Yellapragada , Sreenath Vemula , STG Raghukanth
Published: November 2023

One of the main objectives in engineering seismology or in seismic hazard studies is to estimate the possible ground motion for a given earthquake scenario. In the sparse data regions mostly the ground motion models (GMM) are developed using either seismological models or hybrid empirical approaches. However, if these GMMs do not accommodate the regional seismological attributes, a large uncertainty in ground motion estimates is possible. To overcome this concern, scaling 5% damped Pseudo Spectral Acceleration (PSA) from Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) proves to be physically consistent as it can capture both spatial and temporal characteristics of the ground motion. Hence, the present study aims to develop a GMM for PSA using FAS and significant duration as the predictor variables. However, since there are few GMMs available for FAS, the current study also aims to develop a GMM for FAS using the earthquake parameters as the predictor variables for intraplate regions. This article employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop both GMMs using the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA)‐East database for both horizontal (Effective Amplitude spectra for FAS and RotD50 component for PSA) and vertical components. To verify the performance of the developed models, the residuals analysis and parametric studies have been performed. The parametric study shows that the GMMs can capture the magnitude and distance scaling consistent with the observations. Further, the PSA GMM compared with the global GMMs and it is observed that the predictions lie well within the median of all the available models, proving the models’ effectiveness in estimating the ground motion predictions for future data. The developed model can be used only within the considered ranges of the predicted variables such as rupture distances between [19.05–1000] km, the Mw ranges from [3.12–5.74] with Vs30 in the range of [209–2000] m/s.
New Zealand's braided rivers: The land the law forgot
Authors: Brower Ann , Hoyle Jo , Gray Duncan , Buelow Franca , Calkin Aimee , Fuller Ian , Gabrielsson Rasmus , Grove Philip , Brierley Gary , Louie Alice Jean Sai , Rogers Justin , Shulmeister Jamie , Uetz Kimberley , Worthington Sarah , Vosloo Renate
Published: November 2023

This paper highlights a disjunct between geomorphic concepts of braided riverbed lateral boundaries and legal definitions used to decide these boundaries in New Zealand—a country that hosts over 150 gravel‐bed braided rivers. These powerful morphodynamic systems are prone to recurrent bar reworking and channel shift. When parts of the riverbed are temporarily abandoned by active channels, they are vulnerable to land use intensification. Associated flood protection measures that often follow intensification constrict the rivers' capacity to adjust to ever‐changing flows of water and sediment. Despite the rivers' vulnerability and constriction, New Zealand law defines braided rivers in a way that limits local councils' authority to manage land use within the braidplain. This paper explores the relationship between the law and science of braided rivers, demonstrating how legislative reforms underway in 2023 express the ways in which particular social processes play out in the landscape.
Effect of synthesis routes on electrochemical properties as supercapacitor electrode for novel spinel (CuNiFeMnCo)3O4 high entropy oxide
Authors: Gupta Amit K. , Singh Aryan , Kumari Priyanka , Giri Neeraj K. , Shahi Rohit R.
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of synthesis routes on phase evolution, microstructure, change in ionic state and their co‐relation with electrochemical charge storage, and magnetic properties of novel (CuNiFeMnCo)3O4 high entropy spinel oxide (HESO). We successfully synthesized novel (CuNiFeMnCo)3O4 HESO through two different synthesis methods, that is, sol‐gel and reverse coprecipitation methods abbreviated as SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The XRD analysis for both samples reveals the formation of inverse spinel phase (space group Fd‐3m) with the lattice constant of 8.3602 and 8.2502 Å for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The sample synthesized through the sol‐gel method possessed porous morphology, whereas the sample synthesized through the reverse coprecipitation method had spherical particles. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of +2 and +3 ionic states for Fe, Ni, and Co, while Cu has a + 2 state and Mn exist in +3 and +4 states for both the synthesized samples. The ionic states of all cations remain invariant irrespective of the synthesis methods. However, the concentration of oxygen vacancy is significantly different for samples synthesized through different routes. Both the HESO electrodes show the electrochemical double‐layer capacitive type behavior in 2 M KOH electrolytic solution. The value of maximum specific capacitance is 38.46 and 34.24 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. Moreover, the electrodes have capacity retention of 90 and 99% for 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV/s for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The magnetic property of the synthesized HESO samples was also investigated, and the found values of magnetization and coercivity are 1.79 emu/g and 54.9 Oe and 8.5 emu/g and 67.69 Oe for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively.
Recent advances in battery characterization using in situ XAFS, SAXS, XRD, and their combining techniques: From single scale to multiscale structure detection
Authors: Cheng Weidong , Zhao Mengyuan , Lai Yuecheng , Wang Xin , Liu Huanyan , Xiao Peng , Mo Guang , Liu Bin , Liu Yunpeng
Published: November 2023

Revealing and clarifying the chemical reaction processes and mechanisms inside the batteries will bring a great help to the controllable preparation and performance modulation of batteries. Advanced characterization techniques based on synchrotron radiation (SR) have accelerated the development of various batteries over the past decade. In situ SR techniques have been widely used in the study of electrochemical reactions and mechanisms due to their excellent characteristics. Herein, the three most wide and important synchrotron radiation techniques used in battery research were systematically reviewed, namely X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Special attention is paid to how these characterization techniques are used to understand the reaction mechanism of batteries and improve the practical characteristics of batteries. Moreover, the in situ combining techniques advance the acquisition of single scale structure information to the simultaneous characterization of multiscale structures, which will bring a new perspective to the research of batteries. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of SR techniques for battery research are featured based on their current development.
Feasibility of Undertaking Off‐Site Infant Eye‐Tracking Assessments of Neuro‐Cognitive Functioning in Early‐Intervention Centres
Authors: Ballieux Haiko , Tomalski Przemyslaw , Kushnerneko Elena , Johnson Mark H. , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Moore Derek G.
Published: November 2023

Recent work suggests that differences in functional brain development are already identifiable in 6‐ to 9‐month‐old infants from low socio‐economic status (SES) backgrounds. Investigation of early SES‐related differences in neuro‐cognitive functioning requires the recruitment of large and diverse samples of infants, yet it is often difficult to persuade low‐SES parents to come to a university setting. One solution is to recruit infants through early intervention children's centres (CCs). These are often located in areas of high relative deprivation to support young children. Given the increasing portability of eye‐tracking equipment, assessment of large clusters of infants could be undertaken in centres by suitably trained early intervention staff. Here, we report on a study involving 174 infants and their parents, carried out in partnership with CCs, exploring the feasibility of this approach. We report the processes of setting up the project and participant recruitment. We report the diversity of sample obtained on the engagement of CC staff in training and the process of assessment itself. We report the quality of the data obtained, and the levels of engagement of parents and infants. We conclude that this approach has great potential for recruiting large and diverse samples worldwide, provides sufficiently reliable data and is engaging to staff, parents and infants. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of the Friendship Online Intervention Program on physical activity, substance abuse, psychosomatic symptoms, and well‐being among at‐risk youth
Authors: Glaser Michal , Green Gizell , Barak Sharon , Bord Shiran , Levi Sharon , Jakobovich Ronit , Dunsky Ayelet , Zigdon Avi , Zwilling Moti , Tesler Riki
Published: November 2023

Introduction

At‐risk youth are those who are currently or potentially exposed to physical, mental, or emotional danger. The Friendship Online Intervention Program (FOIP) was created to encourage physical activity (PA) and reduce risky behavior among vocational secondary‐school youth in Israel. We wanted to evaluate the effect of FOIP on PA, substance abuse, and psychological factors, including psychosomatic symptoms and well‐being.

Methods

From October 2021 to June 2022, nonrandom sampling was employed to select at‐risk youth from vocational secondary schools for participation in the FOIP. Before and after the intervention, questionnaires were administered to the intervention and control groups. The effects of FOIP were evaluated by univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results

The intervention (n = 103) and control (n = 77) groups showed similar levels of PA, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption at the beginning of the study. At follow‐up, the intervention group showed a 57% increase in PA versus no change for the control group and decreased levels of smoking compared to the control group (p < .001). Similarly, in the intervention group, the number of psychosomatic symptoms decreased (effect size = 1.68) and life satisfaction increased (effect size = 0.86). Group assignment (intervention or control group) significantly predicted PA level, cigarette smoking, psychosomatic symptoms, and life satisfaction (adjusted R2 = .46, .20, .08, and .28, respectively) with participants in the intervention group showing more favorable results compared with the control group.

Conclusions

FOIP was effective in increasing PA and decreasing risky behaviors among youth. FOIP may help at‐risk youth build resilience and promote their physical and mental health.
Combined in silico and in vitro approaches to identify P‐glycoprotein‐inhibiting pesticides
Authors: Guéniche Nelly , Lakehal Zeineb , Habauzit Denis , Bruyère Arnaud , Fardel Olivier , Le Hégarat Ludovic , Huguet Antoine
Published: November 2023

The P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux pump plays a major role in xenobiotic detoxification. The inhibition of its activity by environmental contaminants remains however rather little characterised. The present study was designed to develop a combination of different approaches to identify P‐gp inhibitors among a large number of pesticides using in silico and in vitro models. First, the prediction performance of four web tools was evaluated alone or in combination using a set of recently marketed drugs. The best combination of web tools—AdmetSAR2.0/PgpRules/pkCSM—was next used to predict P‐gp activity inhibition by 762 pesticides. Among the 187 pesticides predicted to be P‐gp inhibitors, 11 were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the efflux of reference substrates (rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 33342) in P‐gp overexpressing MCF7R cells and to inhibit the efflux of the reference substrate rhodamine 123 in the Caco‐2 cell monolayer. In MCF7R cell assays, ivermectin B1a, emamectin B1 benzoate, spinosad, dimethomorph and tralkoxydim inhibited P‐gp activity; ivermectin B1a, emamectin B1 benzoate and spinosad were determined to be stronger inhibitors (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 3 ± 1, 5 ± 1 and 7 ± 1 µM, respectively) than dimethomorph and tralkoxydim (IC50 of 102 ± 7 and 88 ± 7 µM, respectively). Ivermectin B1a, emamectin B1 benzoate, spinosad and dimethomorph also inhibited P‐gp activity in Caco‐2 cell monolayer assays, with dimethomorph being a weaker P‐gp inhibitor. These combined approaches could be used to identify P‐gp inhibitors among food contaminants, but need to be optimised and adapted for high‐throughput screening.