bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The therapeutic behaviour of patients with coronary heart disease from the perspective of their social characteristics
Authors: Iakovleva Maria , Shchelkova Olga
Published: December 2020

The main issue for patients with chronic illnesses (CVD among them) is the long-term health management. A high level of adherence to prescribed treatment leads to a great therapeutic benefit, but many patients follow it to a small extent or do not follow it at all. The existing data on concrete adherence factors is controversial. The aim of the study consisted in investigating the social factors of adherence to treatment in patients with coronary heart disease. The patients (n = 103) were interviewed, examined and questionnaires received. It was found that patients' strong motivation to continue working related to self-realization and the presence of great interest in their job, as well as the presence of social support are factors which are significantly associated with higher adherence to treatment. Further comprehensive studies of adherence factors related to the patient are required.
The usefulness of community support resources from the perspective of parents of children with disabilities
Authors: Kovalcíkova Nadezda , Banovcinova Andrea , Levicka Jana
Published: December 2020

Presence of a child with disability determines a family functioning in all dimensions and child care is a source of stress and burden for all family members. The optimal social network, which is the source of social support, greatly eliminates stress and improves adaptation of the parents to the disability of their child. The aim of study is to define how parents of children with disabilities perceive the usefulness of formal and informal source of social support. A quantitative research strategy has been used in the study, more specifically a standardised questionnaire Family Support Scale (by Dunst, Jenkins and Trivette (1984)). 493 parents of children with different types of disabilities were enrolled in the study. The results show that informal support in the form of a partner and close people has been perceived as the most useful. Programmes and organisations have been estimated as the least useful source of support in the parents' viewpoint. A significant difference was detected in the perceived usefulness of formal and informal source of support in terms of housing, marital status and education.
Environments for the development of disease management competencies of children with diabetes mellitus: Children's experience
Authors: Gudzinskiene Vida , Cergelyte–Podgrusienei Indre
Published: December 2020

Type 1 diabetes mellitus alters the child's and their parents' life. The child must acquire necessary competencies that would help manage the disease. The child with diabetes mellitus can receive information from a variety of learning environments. Research object is – environments for the development of disease management competencies of children with diabetes mellitus. Research aim is to reveal environments for the development of disease management competencies of children with diabetes mellitus by highlighting what helps a child with diabetes to acquire disease management competencies, and the challenges occurring while acquiring those competencies. Research methods: theoretical – analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature; empirical – a semi-structured interview method has been used for the collection of data; method of content analysis has been applied for the study of research data. Participants of the research were children with diabetes mellitus. The empirical study revealed that environments for the development of disease management competencies of children with diabetes mellitus are the following: environment of medical institutions and the professionals working there, family environment (family members), and the environment of camps for children with diabetes mellitus, including organizers of camps and specialists and volunteers invited. The research determined challenges of developing disease management competencies of children with diabetes mellitus in various learning environments.
Organization of animal-assisted therapy: From voluntary activities to work of professionals
Authors: Lotko Marika
Published: December 2020

Humankind has always known about the usefulness in integration of animals for the achievement of such routine goals as hunting, household and territory protection, transportation, scouting foreign territories and materials, and overcoming physical limitations. Animals are also highly valued as agents of socialisation resulting in the integration of various species in the work of various professions. Social work also increasingly makes use of professional activities involving animals while working with clients. Terms such as therapy animals, animal-assisted therapy, animal-assisted activities, and animal-assisted education are becoming more relevant in the daily work of social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychotherapists and other professionals. Animals are more and more often found in hospitals, schools, care facilities, prisons and other settings. Animal-assisted therapy is a general term including various activities, causing difficulty to understand and differentiate between the types of therapy performed with various animal species, which creates the need to study the experience in ensuring work with therapy animals in various settings. The results obtained in this study reflect the experiences working with therapy animals of various professionals including the goal of integrating therapy animals in professional activity, the goal of the activity and the steps thereof, target groups and the expected results.
Hirnmetastasen – Ursache – Diagnostik – Therapie
Authors: Steffens Petra , Krizanac Magdalena , Partl Richard
Published: December 2020

Die Entwicklung von Hirnmetastasen ist eine gefürchtete Komplikation im onkologischen Krankheitsverlauf. Zu den häufigsten Ursachen zählen das Bronchus- und Mammakarzinom sowie das maligne Melanom. Diese werden kurz vorgestellt sowie die CT- und MR-Bildgebung zur Hirnmetastasendiagnostik erläutert. Es werden die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und im Besonderen die Strahlentherapie im Rahmen der Bestrahlung von Hirnmetastasen thematisiert.
Depression und Suizid/Suizidalität nach adipositaschirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Müller Astrid
Published: December 2020

Ziel: Personen mit schwerer Adipositas profitieren von adipositaschirurgischen Maßnahmen bezüglich Gewichtsabnahme und Reduktion körperlicher Komorbiditäten. Der Artikel fokussiert auf postoperative Depression und Suizidalität/Suizid und stellt eine narrative Überblicksarbeit von rezenten Metaanalysen und kontrollierten Studien dar.

Methodik: Selektive Literatursuche.

Ergebnisse: Es gibt deutliche Hinweise auf eine kurz- bis mittelfristige Reduktion von depressiven Symptomen nach Adipositaschirurgie. Eine Subgruppe von Patienten zeigt längerfristig jedoch eine Wiederzunahme der depressiven Symptomatik oder das erstmalige Auftreten einer depressiven Symptomatik. Große Kohorten-Studien lassen ein erhöhtes Risiko für selbstschädigendes Verhalten und Suizid bei postoperativen Patienten vermuten.

Schlussfolgerungen: Prospektive longitudinale Studien, die das Zusammenspiel von Faktoren untersuchen, die zu Depression und Suizid nach Adipositaschirurgie beitragen, stehen noch aus. Die sowohl prä- als auch postoperativen multi-professionellen Teams sollten immer auch einen Experten für psychische Erkrankungen involvieren, um eine professionelle Diagnostik zu realisieren und Risikopatienten rechtzeitig identifizieren zu können.
Einstellung der Oberkiefer-Eckzähne mit Tendenz zur
Retention/Verlagerung und Transposition – Diagnostik und
Therapie
Authors: Zahn Alexa , Müller-Hartwich Ralf , Jung Britta A.
Published: December 2020

Der vorliegende Patientenfall thematisiert eine kieferorthopädische
Behandlung zur Einstellung von Oberkiefereckzähnen mit der Tendenz
zur Verlagerung und Transposition durch mesiale Migration.
Die Seelenkrankheit in der Medizin der Romantik – objektive Erscheinung, subjektives Leiden, ganzheitliche Therapie, geistiger Sinn
Authors: von Engelhardt Dietrich
Published: December 2020

Die Medizin der Epoche der Romantik im deutschsprachigen Raum ist überzeugt von der inneren Einheit der Natur und Kultur, Leib und Seele, Wissenschaft und Kunst – v. a. in der Psychiatrie. Diese Zeit ist mit verschiedenen Initiativen die Quelle und Geburtsstunde der modernen Psychotherapie: Einführung der Ausdrücke ‚Psychiatrie‘ (Reil), ‚Psychosomatik‘ (Heinroth), ‚Unbewußtes‘ (Carus), neuen Klassifikation der Seelen- oder Geisteskrankheiten, der Natur und Kultur integrierenden Therapie, der personalen Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung. Eine Rückkehr zur romantischen Medizin ist nicht möglich, aber ihre Ideen und Konzepte können Vorbild und Anregung für eine humane Humanmedizin zum Wohl und zur Würde des leidenden, kranken und sterbenden Menschen.
Injuries in female and male elite Korean rowing athletes: an epidemiological study
Authors: Kim Hyun Chul , Park Ki Jun
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the patterns of injury associated with training activities in elite South Korean rowing athletes training for the Olympic Games. Data were prospectively collected between 2010 and 2019 at the Korea National Training Center in South Korea. Three sports medicine doctors assessed athletes, and the data were stratified according to sex, rowing style, weight class, site of injury, and severity of injury. The groups were compared using the c 2 test. The 95 % confidence interval with Poisson rates and exact Poisson test were used for comparison of rates. In total 514 injuries were recorded during the study period, with an average of 2.86 injuries per athlete annually; among these, over half (57.8 %) were mild injuries. Most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (42.0 %), followed by the trunk (30.2 %), the upper extremities (24.9 %), and the head and neck area (2.9 %). Weight class was significantly associated with severity of injury in all rowing athletes (p < 0.001), for both male and female rowing athletes (p = 0.006 and p = 0.014, respectively). Lightweight male athletes demonstrated higher incidence rate of injury than open-weight male athletes (p < 0.001). On the contrary, lightweight female athletes demonstrated lower incidence rates of injury than open-weight female athletes (p < 0.001). These findings on the incidence of training injuries and patterns based on rowing styles, sexes, and weight classes may elucidate the circumstances leading to injuries in elite Korean rowing athletes. Furthermore, these findings may contribute to the development of programs to enhance athletic performance and reduce the incidence of sports injuries.
Zur Rolle des Bewegungsfachberufs in internationalen Bewegungsversorgungsstrukturen – ein internationaler Vergleich
Authors: Weissenfels Anja , Naber Inga , Mino Eriselda , Klamroth Sarah , Geidl Wolfgang , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: December 2020

Aufgrund einer zunehmenden körperlichen Inaktivität der Weltbevölkerung haben durch Bewegungsmangel induzierte Erkrankungen in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Nicht nur zur Prävention nichtübertragbarer Erkrankungen (noncommunicable diseases: NCD), sondern auch aus rehabilitativer Perspektive ist regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ein essenzieller Gesundheitsfaktor und eine Ergänzung oder Alternative zur medikamentösen Behandlung. Ärztlich initiierte Bewegungsversorgung ist in vielen Ländern bereits in den jeweiligen Gesundheitssystemen etabliert, während die deutsche Regelversorgung hier bislang noch Defizite aufweist. Die Bewegungsversorgungsmodelle aus Schweden, Dänemark und Neuseeland zeigen deutliche Stärken bei der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen (Ärzt*innen, Bewegungsfachberufe) sowie der Integration verhaltensbezogener Bewegungsförderung. Personen aus Bewegungsfachberufen (u. a. Physio-, Bewegungs- und Sporttherapeut*innen) haben international eine einflussreiche Rolle bei der individuellen Verhaltensänderung zur Steigerung körperlicher Aktivität, und im Vergleich zum deutschen System ist das Aufgabengebiet dieser Berufsgruppe bedeutsam erweitert. International betrachtet setzen Bewegungsfachberufe regelhaft theoriebezogene Inhalte der Bewegungsförderung ein, wie z. B. motivationale Gesprächsführung (MI) oder auch Follow-up-Telefonanrufe, und sind teilweise sogar befugt, Bewegungsrezepte auszustellen. Der systematische Einsatz von Inhalten zur Bewegungsförderung durch Bewegungsfachberufe und die gezielte interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit Ärzt*innen werden im hiesigen Gesundheitssystem bislang kaum oder nur rudimentär verfolgt, weshalb das Projekt BewegtVersorgt neben der Etablierung einer wirkungsvollen Bewegungsversorgungskette besonders das Aufgabengebiet der Bewegungsfachberufe in den Fokus nimmt.
Motive und Barrieren für ein gesundheitsförderliches Bewegungsverhalten bei Schichtarbeitern
Authors: Strobl Helmut , Bergler Daniel
Published: December 2020

Regelmäßige Bewegung stellt einen wichtigen Bestandteil eines gesundheitsförderlichen Lebensstils dar, speziell auch für Schichtarbeiter. Die regelmäßige Ausübung eines Bewegungsverhaltens hängt unter anderem von der Ausprägung der handlungsleitenden Motive sowie der wahrgenommenen Barrieren ab. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, handlungsleitende Motive sowie wahrgenommene Barrieren von Schichtarbeitern zu analysieren. Daraus sollen Handlungsempfehlungen für die bedarfsgerechte Ausgestaltung von Bewegungsangeboten im betrieblichen Setting abgeleitet werden. An einem Standort eines deutschen Großkonzerns wurden n = 664 Beschäftigte verschiedener Arbeitszeitmodelle mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen anonym befragt. Als Fragebogeninstrumente wurden eine modifizierte Fassung des Berner Motiv- und Zielinventars (BMZI) sowie ein international bewährter Fragebogen zur Erfassung von wahrgenommenen Barrieren eingesetzt. Gruppenunterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Arbeitszeitmodellen wurden diskriminanzanalytisch untersucht. Die Motive Gesundheit und Ablenkung / Entspannung sowie die Barrieren Fehlende Motivation, Fehlende soziale Unterstützung, Unwissenheit, Ungeeignetes Angebot sowie Sorge vor Verletzungen tragen zur Unterscheidung zwischen Schichtarbeitern und in Gleitzeit / Außertariflich Beschäftigten bei (λ=0,746; χ2(36)=173,864; p <,001). Zeitmangel und Freude an der Bewegung tragen zur Unterscheidung zwischen Beschäftigten der Dauernachtschicht und der Wechselschicht bei (λ= 0,882; χ2(22)=74,538; p <,001). Zeitmangel und soziale Kontakte tragen schließlich zur Unterscheidung zwischen Beschäftigten der Dauernachtschicht und der kontinuierlichen Schicht bei (λ=0,960; χ2(10)=24,116; p=,007). Maßnahmen zur Bewegungsförderung von Schichtarbeiten sollten einerseits die strukturellen Voraussetzungen, wie z. B. die Gestaltung der Arbeitszeit, berücksichtigen. Damit kann für die betroffenen Personen auch die Teilhabe am sozialen Leben erleichtert werden. Darüber hinaus deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Erkenntnisse aus der genderspezifischen Forschung zur Bewegungsförderung insbesondere auch im Bereich der Schichtarbeit Geltung haben könnten.
Herausforderungen für die Kompetenzorientierung im Gesundheitssport
Authors: Carl Johannes ,   im Namen des Netzwerks Bewegungsbezogene Gesundheitskompetenz
Published: December 2020

Weltweit ist körperliche Inaktivität weit verbreitet. Das diesbezügliche Ziel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation ist eine deutliche Reduktion, wofür Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung von umwelt- und systembezogenen Bedingungen ebenso benötigt werden, wie eine Stärkung des individuellen Verhaltenspotenzials. Die gesundheitsbezogene Bewegungsförderung hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren einer zunehmenden Kompetenzorientierung angenommen, welche sich zum Beispiel in dem Bezug zu bewegungsbezogener Gesundheitskompetenz (BGK) ausdrückt. Dieses Modell nimmt an, dass das Vorliegen von Bewegungs-, Steuerungs- und Selbstregulationskompetenz eine Voraussetzung für die Aufrechterhaltung eines körperlich aktiven Lebensstils darstellt. Diese Arbeit berichtet zunächst von der Gründung eines Netzwerks mit Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum, die sich gegenwärtig mit dem BGK-Modell oder dem verwandten Physical-Literacy-Ansatz befassen. Im Anschluss rücken zwei Auftaktveranstaltungen in den Vordergrund, bei welchen zukünftige Herausforderungen für den kompetenzorientierten Gesundheitssport in Forschung und Praxis identifiziert wurden. Dabei wurden für die Zukunft drei wichtige Themenfelder identifiziert: „Herausforderungen auf begrifflich-konzeptioneller Ebene“, „Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet von Messverfahren“ und „Interventionelle und vermittlungsbezogene Aspekte“.
Tribological properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays and carbon nanotube sponge
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Wen , Zhang Sheng
Published: December 2020

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films showing excellent mechanical and frictional performances are one of the most competitive candidates for fabricating functional surfaces; in particular, the bulk form of the forest-like vertical aligned CNT (VACNT) film and CNT sponge are idea candidates for making a flexible solid lubricant surface due to the fact that their porous network has a high potential to experience large deformation. In this article, the frictional behavior of the VACNT and CNT sponge against a millimeter scale copper sphere has been studied under various conditions within a home-built system. Due to the intrinsic mechanical instability of VACNTs, a higher friction state than the CNT sponge has been observed, and beyond that, VACNTs typically show a run-in process as a function of sliding circle caused by the formation and rearrangement of quasi-periodic cracks; on the contrary, the friction of the CNT sponge is very stable. In addition, we have pinpointed the effects of sliding velocity, relative humidity, and temperature on friction. The sliding friction was observed to be independent of the velocity and temperature; however, due to the increase in capillary force, friction increases with the increase in relative humidity.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in modern broilers: impacts, mechanisms, and perspectives
Authors: Ferver Alison , Dridi Sami
Published: December 2020

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is one of the leading causes of lameness and welfare concerns in the modern broiler. The avian bone physiology and remodeling process is complex and dependent on numerous bone and vascular cell types and pathways working harmoniously. The rapid growth rate of the leg bones in the modern broiler coupled with high body weight gain and high metabolic demands have predisposed the broiler to damage within the bone, opportunistic bacterial infection, and subsequent BCO. The maturation and ossification of chondrocytes at the growth plate epiphyseal cartilage junction is critical for leg soundness and defense against mechanical stressors and is ongoing throughout a broiler’s life span. The mitochondria play a critical role in stem cell maturation and differentiation in bone and their dysfunction has been implicated in numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetic osteomyelitis and osteoporosis. An understanding of the dynamics between bone physiology and bacterial infection along with mitochondrial dynamics and function in disease states could give more insights into the etiology of BCO and subsequent development of effective strategies to preventing/treating BCO pathology. This review will address the impacts of BCO as well as the physiology involved while highlighting the need for mechanistic understanding of BCO at the cellular level which could address the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction and BCO pathogenicity.
Load Shedding Simulation Using A Frequency Relay In Lampung Electrical System
Authors: Darmana I , Salvayer A R , Erliwati
Published: December 2020

Stability is one of the requirements of an electrical power system which can be considered good/ideal, One disturbance that can affect stability is the outage of the system generator. To overcome this problem, load shedding is performed, The load is released in a simulation aimed at bringing the frequency back to the authorized value after the disturbance has occurred. The power plant that experienced a trip in this study was the largest Lampung unit of the generator Tarahan 4. When the generator Tarahan 4 has been tripped, the frequency system is falls and stabilize at 48.8 Hz. Thereforeits necessary to release the load so that the system frequency returns to the authorized value, which is from 49,8 Hz to 50.2 Hz. Based on the results of simulation after setting the frequency relay, by releasing a load of 152.2 MW, the frequency was stable at 50.074 Hz. So it can be concluded that the frequency relay setting has been able to return the system frequency to allowable value.
The Heritage Tourism Development As the Sustainable Development Goal of the Enclave Settlement: A Preliminary Research
Authors: Purwanto E , Sjarief R , Dawan A , Tannady H
Published: December 2020

The specific target of this research is to map the values of cultural and spiritual heritage in the enclave village, Lengkong Kyai. This research will use a qualitative case study method. Data will be collected through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FDG), related documents, and visual interpretation. The data collected will be carried out by a three-stage triangulation process, which is the primary key in collecting qualitative data. They are data triangulation, data analysis triangulation, and triangulation by comparing it with previous studies. The preliminary results are there heritage tourism potential that is developed in the enclave village. The future research will find a branding strategy that allows the potential for cultural and spiritual-based tourism in Lengkong Kyai village to be developed and its impact on the welfare of the Lengkong Kyai settlers.
Combination of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Multi Media Layer Coir Filter to Treat Water in Mendalo Darat, Jambi
Authors: Safita R , Kurniawan F , Deliza
Published: December 2020

The Multi Media Layer Coir Filter is a method of treating liquid waste by utilizing soil as the main medium which is shaped like a brick block and arranged alternately between zeolites. Multi Media Layer System made of acrylic (33x33x36) cm filled with brick blocks (12x7x4) cm mix of volcanic soil, charcoal, palm husk (7.5: 1: 1: 0.5), a permeable layer is used zeolite (1-3 mm). Samples came from the wells of the residents of housing Mendalo mas, Mendalo land in Jambi. The research was conducted with variations in flow rates of 10, 20, 30, 60 mL/minute, and two ways, namely aeration and non-aeration, the best efficiency of the aeration process was 10 ml/minute to reduce pH, odor, color, TDS, turbidity. Hardness, Nitrite, Nitrate, Mn, Fe, Cd, Sulfate, Cl, E. Coli at aeration 7,7, Odorless, 29,90%, 72,30%, 50,70%, 52,62%, 59, 70%, 57.30%, 66.40%, 83.22%, 21.70%, 37.53%, 28.88%, 100% and non-aerated 7,2, Odorless, 25.80%, 63.30%, 35.90%, 58.45%, 49.60%., 45.49%, 46.25,% 78.59%, 18.75%, 37.21%, 28.18%, 100%. From all values, the reduction efficiency of all parameters is fulfilled for potable water.
Score Level Fusion Technique for Human Identification
Authors: Hamd M H , Rasool Rabab A
Published: December 2020

A multimodal biometric-system based score level fusion technique is proposed to construct a robust human identification system. Feature fusion can be implemented via different methods. In this paper, the score level fusion of face and iris traits are combined and re-classified at Equal Error Rate (EER) value to improve the individual unimodal systems performance for recognizing 80 subjects (40 subject per one face-iris dataset). The multimodal classification results are compared and evaluated comprehensively using four competitive feature extraction methods: Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Fourier Descriptors (FDs), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Also, a low-quality resolution of MMU1 iris database are considered in this work as an additional challenge for system robustness. The accuracy rate of GLCM and LBP methods satisfied 100% with ORL-CASIA-V1 combination datasets, while PCA and GLCM methods achieved 100% with the low-quality ORL-MMU-1 combination datasets, these results provide an evidence of how the multimodal biometric system could improve the overall unimodal systems performance. Also, the GLCM advances all other feature extraction methods by having the highest accuracy rate with ORL-CASIA-V1 and ORL-MMU-1 combined datasets.
Numerical Study for Comparison of Pseudo Modal and Direct Method in Predicting Critical Speed of Coaxial Dual Rotor System
Authors: Sembiring A , Lubis A
Published: December 2020

Machines with high speed rotation, high power, and lighter weight are the challenge in design of modern rotation machinery. In analysis of coaxial dual rotor system, the problem leads to a multi-degree of freedom system (1multi-DOF). The resulting equation of motion cannot be solved analytically. For multi-DOF system, numerical method has to be implemented. In this study, the equations of motion of co-axial dual rotor system was solved numericallyusing MATLAB programming language. This study compares the result of two methods used: the pseudo-modal method and the direct method, with the aim of getting the most effective method in predicting critical rotational speedby plotting Campbell diagram. It was foundthat the difference in the value of critical speeds between Pseudo Modal and the Direct Method is 0%-9,56% for the first 6 lowest frequencies and 0.09%-3.58% for the first 8 lowest frequencies.
Genome-Wide and Candidate Gene Association Analyses Identify a 14-SNP Combination for Hypertension in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cheng Chi-Fung , Hsieh Ai-Ru , Liang Wen-Miin , Chen Ching-Chu , Chen Chien-Hsiun , Wu Jer-Yuarn , Lin Ting-Hsu , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Huang Yu-Chuen , Ban Bo , Lin Ying-Ju , Tsai Fuu-Jen
Published: December 2020

Background

High blood pressure is common and comorbid with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Almost 50% of patients with T2D have high blood pressure. Patients with both conditions of hypertension (HTN) and T2D are at risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. The study aim was to investigate genetic risk factors for HTN in T2D patients.

Methods

This study included 999 T2D (cohort 1) patients for the first genome scan stage and 922 T2D (cohort 2) patients for the replication stage. Here, we investigated the genetic susceptibility and cumulative weighted genetic risk score for HTN in T2D patients of Han Chinese descent in Taiwan.

Results

Thirty novel genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with HTN in T2D after adjusting for age and body mass index (P value <1 × 10−4). Eight blood pressure-related and/or HTN-related genetic SNPs were associated with HTN in T2D after adjusting for age and body mass index (P value <0.05). Linkage disequilibrium and cumulative weighted genetic risk score analyses showed that 14 of the 38 SNPs were associated with risk of HTN in a dose-dependent manner in T2D (Cochran–Armitage trend test: P value <0.0001). The 14-SNP cumulative weighted genetic risk score was also associated with increased regression tendency of systolic blood pressure in T2D (SBP = 122.05 + 0.8 × weighted genetic risk score; P value = 0.0001).

Conclusions

A cumulative weighted genetic risk score composed of 14 SNPs is important for HTN, increased tendency of systolic blood pressure, and may contribute to HTN risk in T2D in Taiwan.
Performance Differences Between Native and Non-Native Speakers on a New Happy–Sad Executive Function Measure
Authors: Lam Boji P W , Griffin Zenzi M , Marquardt Thomas P
Published: December 2020

Objective

The happy–sad task adapts the classic day–night task by incorporating two early acquired emotional concepts (“happy” and “sad”) and demonstrates elevated inhibitory demands for native speakers. The task holds promise as a new executive function measure for assessing inhibitory control across the lifespan, but no studies have examined the influence of language of test administration on performance.

Method

Seventy adult native English speakers and 50 non-native speakers completed the computerized day–night and the new happy–sad tasks administered in English. In two conditions, participants were categorized pictorial stimuli either in a congruent manner (“happy” for a happy face) or in a more challenging, incongruent manner (“sad” for a happy face). Lexical decision performance was obtained to estimate levels of English language proficiency.

Results

Native speakers and non-native speakers performed comparably except for the critical incongruent condition of the happy–sad task, where native speakers responded more slowly. A greater congruency effect for the happy–sad task was found for native than for non-native speakers. Lexical decision performance was associated with performance on the challenging incongruent conditions.

Conclusion

This study reinforced the usefulness of the happy–sad task as a new measure in evaluating inhibitory control in adult native-speakers. However, the language of test administration needs to be considered in assessment because it may lead to performance differences between native and non-native speakers.
Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity
Authors: Monson Ebony A , Trenerry Alice M , Laws Jay L , Mackenzie Jason M , Helbig Karla J
Published: December 2020

Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.
Rigidity of Proper Holomorphic Maps between Type-I Irreducible Bounded Symmetric Domains
Authors: Chan Shan Tai
Published: December 2020

We study proper holomorphic maps between type-$\textrm {I}$ irreducible bounded symmetric domains. In particular, we obtain rigidity results for such maps under certain assumptions. More precisely, let $f:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ be a proper holomorphic map, where $p\ge q\ge 2$ and $q^{\prime }<\min \{2q-1,p\}$. Then, we show that $p^{\prime }\ge p$ and $q^{\prime }\ge q$. Moreover, we prove that there exist automorphisms $\psi $ and $\Phi $ of $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$ and $D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$, respectively, such that $f=\Phi \circ G_h\circ \psi $ for some map $G_h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime },q^{\prime }}$ defined by $G_h(Z):= \left [\begin {array}{cc} Z & \textbf {0}\\ \textbf {0} & h(Z) \end {array}\right ]$ for all $Z\in D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}$, where $h:D^{\textrm {I}}_{p,q}\to D^{\textrm {I}}_{p^{\prime }-p,q^{\prime }-q}$ is a holomorphic map.
On the strongest three-valued paraconsistent logic contained in classical logic and its dual
Authors: Middelburg C A
Published: December 2020

$\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ is a three-valued paraconsistent propositional logic that is essentially the same as J3. It has the most properties that have been proposed as desirable properties of a reasonable paraconsistent propositional logic. However, it follows easily from already published results that there are exactly 8192 different three-valued paraconsistent propositional logics that have the properties concerned. In this paper, properties concerning the logical equivalence relation of a logic are used to distinguish $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ from the others. As one of the bonuses of focusing on the logical equivalence relation, it is found that only 32 of the 8192 logics have a logical equivalence relation that satisfies the identity, annihilation, idempotent and commutative laws for conjunction and disjunction. For most properties of $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ that have been proposed as desirable properties of a reasonable paraconsistent propositional logic, its paracomplete analogue has a comparable property. In this paper, properties concerning the logical equivalence relation of a logic are also used to distinguish the paracomplete analogue of $\textrm{LP}^{\mathbin{\supset },{\mathsf{F}}}$ from the other three-valued paracomplete propositional logics with those comparable properties.
Clinical tests used to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament tears are less sensitive in obese patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vajapey Sravya P. , Miller Timothy L.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common athletic injury. Multiple clinical studies have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of physical examination tests that are used to diagnose ACL injury. We sought to determine if the sensitivity of these clinical tests is affected by a patient’s body habitus. We hypothesized that sensitivity of the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift tests is lower in obese patients than in patients with a normal body mass index (BMI).

Methods:

We compared the sensitivity of three clinical tests, the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift, in a group of obese patients with a group of nonobese patients. A total of 181 adult patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon were included in the study.

Results:

Sensitivity of the Lachman test was 87.3% in obese patients versus 94.1% in the nonobese control group. Sensitivity of the anterior drawer test was 76.3% in obese patients compared to 88.2% in the nonobese control group. Sensitivity of the pivot shift test could not be accurately assessed because pain and swelling prevented the physician from performing this test in most patients on their initial presentation.

Conclusions:

The sensitivity of common clinical tests used to diagnose ACL tear, the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift, is decreased in obese patients compared with the nonobese control group. This study suggests that a clinician may need to have a lower threshold to perform advanced imaging in an obese patient with a suspected ligamentous injury of the knee even if the physical examination is not fully indicative of ligamentous injury.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Predictors of efficacy of viscosupplementation for the treatment of hip osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim David Daewhan , Meselhy Ehab , Sibai Nabil
Published: December 2020

Background:

Hip injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been used off-label to treat osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this retrospective cohort study of adults with OA was to review predictive factors and duration of action for patients who responded to HA hip injections.

Methods:

After institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients who had HA hip injections from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores obtained 1 mo after three injections were collected. Patients were classified into two groups: positive outcome (50% or greater reduction of VAS) and negative outcome (less than 50% reduction of VAS). Comparison of demographics, functional status, OA severity on Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale (KL), previous treatments, type of HA, and procedure techniques were performed. Continuous variables were summarized in mean and standard deviation (SD), and compared using two-sample t-test. Categorical variables were summarized in frequency and proportion, then compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test.

Results:

The 157 patients who were reviewed had the following levels of OA severity: 24.3% mild (KL grade II), 25% moderate (KL grade III), 50.7% severe (KL grade IV). Positive outcomes were reported in 29.3% of patients, and 70.7% had “negative” outcomes. The positive outcome group had a mean duration (for 50% or greater decrease of VAS) of 4.24 mo (SD 3.62). The positive outcome group had milder OA (KL grades II to III) (P<0.001) and younger age (P=0.03). No difference was noted among the two groups for other variables.

Conclusions:

Injections of HA for hip OA using the full recommended dosage regimen of commercially available HA products can be beneficial in select patients. The main predictors of significant response were younger age and mild to moderate (KL grade II to III) OA.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Benign soft-tissue myoepithelioma of the tip of the toe: a case report and literature review
Authors: Borazjani Roham , Dehghanian Amirreza , Taheri Negar , Vosoughi Amir Reza
Published: December 2020

Myoepithelioma is a rare tumor that mainly affects the salivary glands, with predilection to the parotid glands. A 36-year-old female patient presented with a slow-growing, painless mass on the tip of her right fourth toe that had started 2 yr before being referred to the outpatient orthopaedic clinic. The patient was unable to wear her usual shoes. On physical examination, a firm, non-tender, well-demarcated mass was palpated deeply on the tip of her right fourth toe. Excisional biopsy found a benign soft-tissue myoepithelioma. This study showed the importance of considering myoepithelioma tumor in differentials of the toe and foot masses to avoid misdiagnosis of this rare tumor.
Regenerative Medicine Modalities for the Treatment of Degenerative Disk Disease
Authors: McDonnell Jake M. , Ahern Daniel P. , Ross Tayler D. , Morrissey Patrick B. , Wagner Scott C. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Butler Joseph S.
Published: December 2020

Degenerative disk disease is a pathologic state associated with axial skeletal pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy, and will inevitably increase in prevalence in parallel with an aging population. The objective of regenerative medicine is to convert the inflammatory, catabolic microenvironment of degenerative disease into an anti-inflammatory, anabolic environment. This comprehensive review discusses and outlines both in vitro and in vivo efficacy of regenerative treatment modalities for degenerative disk disease, such as; mesenchymal stem cells, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and biologic treatments. To date, clinical applications have been limited secondary to a lack of standardized high quality clinical data. Additional research should focus on determining the optimal cellular makeup and concentration for each of these interventions. Nevertheless, modern medicine provides a new avenue of confronting disease, with methods surpassing traditional methods of removing the pathology in question, as regenerative medicine provides the opportunity to recover from the diseased state.
Predictive Models of Fever, ICU Transfer, and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Neutropenia
Authors: Gulleen Elizabeth A. , Ameko Mawulolo K. , Ainsworth John E. , Barnes Laura E. , Moore Christopher C.
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Neutropenia is a common side effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy and is associated with adverse outcomes. Early Warning Scores are used to identify at-risk patients and facilitate rapid clinical interventions. Since few Early Warning Scores have been validated in patients with neutropenia, we aimed to create predictive models and nomograms of fever, ICU transfer, and mortality in hospitalized neutropenic patients.

Design:

Development of statistical prediction models and nomograms using data from a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with neutropenia.

Setting:

University of Virginia Medical Center, a tertiary-care academic medical center in Charlottesville, VA.

Patients:

The derivation and validation cohorts included hospitalized adult patients with neutropenia who were admitted to the inpatient wards between October 2010 and January 2015, and April 2017 and April 2020, respectively. We defined neutropenia as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 500 cells/mm3.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

The derivation cohort included 1,531 hospital admissions in patients with neutropenia. Fever, ICU transfer, and in-hospital mortality occurred in 955 admissions (62%), 297 admissions (19%), and 147 admissions (10%), respectively. In the derivation cohort, the internally validated area under the curves with 95% CI for the fever, ICU transfer, and mortality models were HYPERLINK “callto:0.74%20(0.67-0.84),%200.77”0.74 (0.67–0.84), 0.77 (0.67–0.86), and HYPERLINK “callto:0.95%20(0.0.87-1.0”0.95 (0.0.87–1.0), respectively. The validation cohort included 1,250 admissions in patients with neutropenia. In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (95% CI) for the fever, ICU transfer, and mortality models were HYPERLINK “callto:0.70%20(0.67-0.73),%200.78”0.70 (0.67–0.73), 0.78 (0.72–0.84), and HYPERLINK “callto:0.91%20(0.88-0.94”0.91 (0.88–0.94), respectively. Using these models, we developed clinically applicable nomograms which detected adverse events a median of 4.0–11.4 hours prior to onset.

Conclusions:

We created predictive models and nomograms for fever, ICU transfer, and mortality in patients with neutropenia. These models could be prospectively validated to detect high-risk patients and facilitate early clinical intervention to improve patient outcomes.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Chelation in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Is Associated With a High Rate of Corneal Melt and Perforation
Authors: Trollip Jessica C. , Meyer Jay J. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Liu Kevin , Danesh-Meyer Helen V. , Niederer Rachael L.
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To examine the rate and risk factors for band keratopathy after herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and the outcomes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of all subjects with HZO seen at Auckland District Health Board between January 2006 and December 2016.

Results:

A total of 869 subjects with HZO were included in the study. Median follow-up was 6.3 years (total 5504.4 patient-years). Band keratopathy developed in 13 subjects (1.5%). On multivariate analysis, older age at onset [hazard ratio (HR), 1.092; P = 0.034], intraocular pressure ≥30 mm Hg at presentation (HR, 5.548; P = 0.013), and number of recurrences (HR, 1.849; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for band keratopathy. Corneal melt occurred in 22 subjects (2.5%) during the follow-up period. On multivariate analysis, uveitis (HR, 8.618; P = 0.004) and disodium EDTA chelation (HR, 8.666; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for corneal melt. EDTA chelation was performed in 8 subjects. Corneal melt occurred after EDTA chelation in 4 subjects, and corneal perforation occurred in 2 subjects. One subject was eviscerated due to severe endophthalmitis after repeated corneal perforation and another required enucleation for recurrent corneal melt and microbial keratitis.

Conclusions:

Band keratopathy is an uncommon complication of HZO. Treatment with EDTA chelation might be associated with a significant risk for severe complications in these eyes and should be approached with caution.
Open-label placebo for chronic low back pain: a 5-year follow-up
Authors: Carvalho Claudia , Pais Maria , Cunha Lidia , Rebouta Paula , Kaptchuk Ted J. , Kirsch Irving
Published: December 2020

Long-term follow-up of patients treated with open-label placebo (OLP) are nonexistent. In this article, we report a 5-year follow-up of a 3-week OLP randomized controlled trial (RCT) in patients with chronic low back pain. We recontacted the participants of original RCT and reassessed their pain, disability, and use of pain medication. We obtained follow-up data from 55 participants (82% of those who took OLP during the parent RCT), with a mean elapsed time between the end of the 3 weeks placebo trial and the follow-up interview of 55 months (SD = 7.85). We found significant reductions in both pain and disability between the baseline assessment immediately before the 3 weeks trial with placebo pills and the original trial endpoint (P < 0.00001 for the 2 primary outcomes of pain and disability). At the 5-year follow-up, we found no significant differences in either outcome between original trial endpoint and follow-up. Improvements persisted after 5 years and were accompanied by substantial reductions compared with baseline in the use of pain medication (from 87% to 38%), comprising analgesics (from 80% to 31%), antidepressants (from 24% to 11%), and benzodiazepines (from 15% to 5%). By contrast, the use of alternative approaches to pain management increased (from 18% to 29%). Although the reduction in pain and medication is comparable with the improvements that occurred in the original study, a major limitation of this long-term follow-up is the absence of controls for spontaneous improvement and new cointerventions. Nonetheless, our data suggest that reductions in pain and disability after OLP may be long lasting.
Who Is Practicing Expedited Partner Therapy and Why? Insights From Providers Working in Specialties With High Volumes of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: McCool-Myers Megan , Goedken Peggy , Henn Megan C. , Sheth Anandi N. , Kottke Melissa J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Expedited partner therapy (EPT), the practice of prescribing antibiotics for sexual partners of patients, is underutilized in Georgia. This qualitative study in a large urban institution aimed to (1) characterize the clinical specialties that predominantly treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs), (2) identify perceived barriers to EPT, and (3) describe strategies to advance routine EPT use.

Methods

Providers in obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN), infectious disease (ID), and emergency medicine (EM) were interviewed using a structured discussion guide. Transcripts were double-coded and iteratively analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Barriers and strategies were summarized and supported with quotes from providers (n = 23).

Results

Perceived EPT barriers overlapped across OB/GYN, ID, and EM, yet the settings were diverse in their patient populations, resources, and concerns. Providers in OB/GYN were the only ones practicing EPT, yet there was a lack of standardization. Providers in ID noted that an EPT prescription from an ID provider could inadvertently disclose the HIV status of a patient to a sexual partner, posing an ethical dilemma. Providers in EM exhibited readiness for EPT, although routine empiric treatment for index patients in EM (estimated at 90%) gave some providers pause in prescribing for partners: “I do not know what I’m treating.” Point-of-care testing could increase providers’ confidence in prescribing EPT, yet some worried it could contribute to overutilization of the emergency department as a sexually transmitted infection clinic. All settings prioritized setting-specific training and protocols.

Conclusions

Providers in OB/GYN, ID, and EM report unique hurdles, specific to their settings and patient populations; tailored EPT implementation strategies, particularly provider training, are urgently needed to improve patient/partner outcomes.