bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Multichannel Access in Multi-Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Wang Ao , Zhang Luyong , Chen Dianjun , Chen Jinhua
Published: June 2020

We propose a reinforcement learning framework based on deep recurrent learning to solve the dynamic spectrum access problem in the scenario where multiple cognitive networks coexist. In this scenario, the shared spectrum is divided into multiple channels, and the channel occupation by the primary user is modeled as a Markov model. The observation of the channel status by secondary users in this area obeys the partially observed Markov process, that is, each user can only observe the status of one channel in each time slot, and cannot obtain global information. To avoid collision in different cognitive networks, we adopt the distributed multi-agent deep reinforcement learning method. Without the interaction of different cognitive networks, based on the current partial observations, a suitable channel access policy can be obtained by a neural network. Comparing with Slotted-aloha and DQN-DSA Algorithm, the result indicates DRQN-DSA proposed in this paper performs better.
Research on Innovative Application of New Media in Visual Communication Design
Authors: Yue Wang
Published: June 2020

With the popularization of the Internet in our country and the development of digital media technology, new media technologies have also explored more new ways for the expansion of visual communication design. In the era of new media, the design concept is gradually updated, which also Found more development opportunities and more advanced technological innovation for the design of visual communication, and provide more possibilities for the innovation of visual communication technology. Based on this, this article mainly discusses the strategy of innovative application of new media in visual communication design.
Mining Frequent Itemsets of Novel Characters Based on Association Rules
Authors: Cao Hui , Li Jiao
Published: June 2020

This article belongs to the field of Data Mining. It selected the novel “White Deer Plain” as the research object, using the association rules mining method to research the book characters and show the character of interpersonal relationship. In this paper, weka was used as an auxiliary tool, and Apriori algorithm was used in association rules. The whole work text was input into the database, and each chapter of the article was separated. Through co-occurrence analysis, the name nodes in the text were extracted as keywords, and weight was assigned. Keywords appearing in a chapter were treated as a record, and a list of keywords from all chapters was combined to form a data set. Multiple scans of the database are made, and frequent item sets were found from the constructed data set, and association rules between people were found. The method assists the reader to clarify and grasp the relationship between the characters before reading the full text. It greatly saves the time of reading.
Improvement Grouping Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Bin Packing Problem
Authors: Fan Yunfei , Chu Jizheng , Xu Haoran
Published: June 2020

An improved grouping genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the one-dimensional bin packing problem. In this algorithm, a new crossover operator is constructed according to the characteristics of the encoding. At the same time, a replacement insertion method is designed to improve the mutation operation. The new mutation operation prevents the algorithm from falling into a local optimum and improves the transmission speed of the best individual in the chromosome. The analysis and comparison of experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the one-dimensional bin packing problem and has reliable global convergence.
Research on Assembly Path Planning Method of Low Speed Diesel Engine Based on Hoisting Characteristics
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Wenping , Shang Zhaobin
Published: June 2020

In assembly planning, it is important to select and determine the best path of assembly. An automatic assembly path planning method of low speed diesel engine based on hoisting characteristics is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the hoisting characteristics of low speed diesel engine components, the algorithm of automatic assembly path planning is designed and programmed in Python. The program can output the assembly path automatically according to the position information of assembly components, and it can also detect clashes in assembly paths. The test results are verified by virtual assembly, which proves that the method is reasonable and effective.
Design and research of meshing mechanism of orchard monorail transporter
Authors: Zhang Hongmei , Ren Longlong , Song Yuepeng
Published: June 2020

The monorail transporter of mountains orchard had a compact size, strong carrying capacity, and can be installed in complex terrain, which can better meet the requirements of orchard use, and had received extensive attention at home and abroad. In order to improve the performance of the monorail transporter’s meshing mechanism, this paper took the meshing mechanism as the research object, and designed the driving pin wheel with fixed pin teeth, the driving pin wheel with rotating pin teeth and a single-track model with four different tooth widths. The virtual prototype model of the meshing mechanism was built by ADAMS/View. The experimental data shows that the speed RMS value of the driving pin wheel with rotating pin teeth is increased by 135% compared with the driving pin wheel with fixed pin teeth during the meshing of the driving pin wheel and the single-track, and the contact force RMS value generated during the meshing process is reduced by 36%, and the tooth width of the single-track has less influence on the performance of the meshing mechanism. The experimental results show that the driving pin wheel of rotating pin teeth can significantly improve the performance of the meshing mechanism.
Modeling and simulation of induction motor based on Time Scale Frame Transformation
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Qu Qiumeng , Cai Yanmeng , Cheng Yu , Xu Yizheng , Yao Shujun , Wang Yan
Published: June 2020

The time scale frame transformation is used to construct the analytic signal for single signal, and the large step simulation is carried out after the frequency reduction is rotated. It avoids the double frequency problem of Park transformation when the three-phase power system is asymmetrical, and also avoids the complexity of dynamic phasor method which needs to deal with the asymmetry problem in positive and negative zero order. Based on the principle of time scale frame transformation and the VBR model of induction motor, a time scale frame transformation model of induction motor is established. Then, the time scale frame transformation model of induction motor is programmed by Matlab software, and compared with the electromagnetic transient model of classical induction motor built by Simulink platform. The simulation example shows the accuracy and efficiency of the time scale frame transformation model of induction motor.
Analysis and Experimental Research on Shifting Impact of Loader Transmission
Authors: Wu Guanghua , Ma Wenxing , Liu Chunbao
Published: June 2020

The evaluation index of loader shift quality was analysed, and the model of the evaluation index was established. The main causes of the shift impact of the transmission were analysed, and it was concluded that the disturbance caused by the torque of the transmission output shaft had a direct relationship with the oil filling and discharging rule in the clutch and the change in oil pressure. Based on theoretical analysis, an accurate control strategy of a proportional solenoid valve to realize electro-hydraulic proportional closed-loop buffering control was proposed. The buffer control of the transmission shift is performed by using this method. The effectiveness of the control strategy was verified by the experiment of the shift oil pressure. The shift impact of the transmission was reduced, and the loader shift quality was improved.
Research on Key Technologies of Target Positioning Based on Electronic and Optical Sensors
Authors: Shi Yu Huang , Shang Ying Shi
Published: June 2020

In order to safeguard China’s important sovereignty and marine rights and interests, it is of great significance to monitor waters. In the development of the current international situation, many countries and regions have applied spaceborne electronic sensors and optical sensors because of their outstanding advantages in the application process. Spaceborne electronic sensors and optical sensors are widely used in water monitoring. In the current application process of electronic sensors and optical sensors, the basic knowledge of both sensors needs to be understood. At the same time, only a deep discussion of the target positioning of the two sensors can ensure the full application of key technologies of electronic and optical sensor target positioning and improve the final quality of water monitoring.
A Fault Diagnosis System of All-Fiber Optical Current Transformer with Correlation Detection
Authors: Liu Mei , Ji Zhongxiao , Diao Zhaowei , Wu Yifei , Wu Yi , Yang Fei
Published: June 2020

All-fiber optical current transformer (FOCT) based on Magneto-optical Faraday effect plays a pivotal role in current metering and protection of smart grid. However, the fault diagnosis of FOCT is one of the most critical issues to be solved. In order to ensure the proper functioning of FOCT, a fault diagnosis system is presented by monitoring the intensity variation of the light interference with Square wave bias modulation of FOCT, which is measured by digital signal processing unit using correlation detection technology. Afterwards, the faulty types of FOCT are recognized by the amount of the optical power variation. The experimental results show that the system can effectively detect these kinds of fault types, such as the broken of optical fiber, the increasing loss of optical fiber and the breakdown of light source in FOCT.
The Analysis of Thermal Magnetic Coupling of Tubular Permanent Magnetic Coupler
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Xiaoxue , Liu Wei
Published: June 2020

Due to the existence of induced eddy current, the internal of the permanent magnet coupling’s temperature increases during the operation, which affects the performance of the permanent magnet coupling. In this paper, considering the influence of temperature on the remanence, coercive force of the permanent magnet, the conductivity of the conductor and steel frame. We analysed the coupling performance of thermodynamics and electromagnetism. Electromagnetic field simulated with ANSYS Maxwell and temperature field simulation with Workbench. The analysis results lay a foundation for the subsequent analysis of the thermo-magnetic coupling of the permanent magnet couplings.
Design and Application of On-line Capsule Detecting Device for Cigarette Maker
Authors: Yuliang Li , Guoqian Ye , Duanwei Wu , Lihong Zhang , Shuai Yang , Lifeng Fan
Published: June 2020

In order to solve the problem that continuous online single-capsule testing of capsule-containing rolled products cannot be performed during the rolling process, according to the operating characteristics of the rolling machine, an online capsule detection device for the rolling unit was designed. The device is mainly composed of a capsule detection unit, a display operation unit, a fault diagnosis unit and a data communication unit. The system first generates a terahertz signal source and collects the terahertz signal generated after passing through the capsule in the cigarette filter to be detected, performs real-time calculation through the detection processing unit, and aligns the processed signal with the cigarette through the axis encoder, and finally rejection through the rejection valve. The ZJ17 rolling unit and cigarette products with a diameter of 5.4mm, a capsule diameter of 2.8mm, and a filter length of 30mm were tested. The results showed that the online unit of the rolling unit was used to detect the presence or absence of capsules and damaged capsules. The continuous detection accuracy of the branch is 100%, and the accuracy of the continuous detection of the online single branch for the capsule displacement of ± 4mm or more is 85%. The device realizes the online safety inspection of capsules containing rolled products containing capsules, and opens up new ideas for the quality assurance of capsules containing rolled products.
Bisector optimal ball-end tool orientation
Authors: Zou X , Xu H Y , Shi K , Fang X B
Published: June 2020

For five-axis CNC machining with ball-end tool, smooth variation of tool orientation is desirable for stable rotary axes movement with constant inclination angle between surface normal and tool axis so as to obtain constant cutting speed. According to the Darboux frame, the orientation for a ball-end tool can be decomposed into two components, one of which along the surface normal is fixed and the other on the tangent plane is undetermined for possible optimization. Based on geometrical analysis for the latter component, a novel bisector optimization approach is proposed to optimize variation of the tool orientation. Simulations are conducted and the bisector optimization approach has exhibited smoother variation of tool orientation along the whole path.
The application of small size spiral tube coil antenna in the development of electromagnetic radiator
Authors: Yucheng Jiao , Guoguang Zhang , Chunhua Jiang
Published: June 2020

When the electromagnetic wave propagates in water, the attenuation will increase with the increase of frequency, so the application of electromagnetic wave in water is limited to the low frequency band. At present, in order to realize the low-frequency electromagnetic wave radiation, the commonly used method is tuning the spiral tube coil antenna (Electromagnetic radiator). In practical application, the electromagnetic radiator used to realize high-power electromagnetic radiation usually has the characteristics of large size and many coil turns. Therefore, for the development of high-power electromagnetic radiator, there are many difficulties, such as high cost and difficult manufacture. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the relationship between the radiation performances of different sizes of electromagnetic radiator, and use this relationship to guide the development of high-power electromagnetic radiator. Based on this, this paper analysed the radiation characteristics of spiral tube coil antenna, and the application of small-size electromagnetic radiator in the development of electromagnetic radiator.
Design of a multifunctional entrance guard system using GSM and fingerprint identification
Authors: Shufen Huang , Fukang Qu , Tugui Wu
Published: June 2020

Conventional entrance guard systems have monotonous functions. This paper designs an entrance guard system that takes the STM32 single chip machine as the control center and has the fingerprint identification module, GSM short-messaging module, the call notification module to realize local and remote unlocking (door opening) operations. Touch display screens and the STemWin graphics software are combined to design the human-computer interaction interface. The external memory module is designed to record the unlocking time and the historical data about the door opener. This designed system has diverse functions, secure, convenient for operations and can realize visualization of human computer interaction.
Database dynamic update management system for power system
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Li Bao , Yuan Quan , Lu Mingfu , Huang Xinlei
Published: June 2020

Through the use of smart terminal equipment such as smart meters, the operating data of the entire power system can be collected, and then the collected power big data can be processed and analyzed systematically, thereby real-time monitoring of the power grid; further, combining big data analysis and power system models, Can diagnose, optimize and predict the operation of the power grid, and provide guarantee for the safe, reliable, economical and efficient operation of the power grid. The data sources of the power industry are mainly derived from the power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, power consumption and dispatching of power production and use of electricity, which can be roughly divided into three categories: one is grid operation and equipment detection or monitoring data; two It is the marketing data of electric power companies, such as data on transaction electricity prices, electricity sales, and customers. Third is the management data of electric power companies. Through the use of smart terminal equipment such as smart meters, the operating data of the entire power system can be collected, and then the collected power big data can be processed and analyzed systematically to achieve real-time monitoring of the power grid; further combining big data analysis and power system models for the power grid Diagnose, optimize and predict the operation, and provide guarantee for the safe, reliable, economical and efficient operation of the power grid.
Simulation analysis of current protection in distributed power distribution network
Authors: Han Mengxia , Suo Lian , Song Jiaoru
Published: June 2020

The massive access of distributed power sources makes the distribution network into an active network with bidirectional power flow, which increases the economics and flexibility of grid operation. However, the protection configuration of traditional distribution systems is based on a single power system. And distributed power has a certain randomness, and its fault current characteristics will change, which complicates the protection of distribution network with distributed power. In order to solve this problem, this paper first builds a distribution network with multiple distributed power sources based on the RTDS simulation platform, and simulates the fault current characteristics of the line faults. Then it sets up a three-stage current protection and supplies power based on the two-sided power supply The network calculates its setting value; finally analyzes the problems existing in the three-stage protection under the network and proposes the idea of using wide area protection as a backup protection.
Design and Implementation of 230MHz Communication Function for Smart Grid Inspection Terminal
Authors: Tu Xiaodong , Zhang Ruibing , Wang Juan , Li Yan , Feng Chaoli , Chu Jianxin , Gu Weihua , Wang Yong , Li Qian , Fu Haibing
Published: June 2020

Smart grid inspection is a basic maintenance task for power equipment. Through inspection, the reliability and safety of power equipment can be improved, and the failure rate of power equipment can be effectively reduced. In order to improve the quality of smart grid inspections, this paper analyses the limitations of smart grid inspection terminals, proposes methods to expand the private wireless network communication capabilities based on the original terminals, designs and implements software and hardware, and develops prototype equipment. Finally, a verification test is performed based on the actual 230MHz wireless communication network, this proves that the new intelligent inspection terminal can work normally in a private wireless network environment. This paper describes the software design and hardware design ideas in detail, which can be used as a reference for the capacity expansion of various type of terminals in smart grids.
Low quiescent current capacitor-less LDO regulator with high slew rate super class AB CMOS OTA
Authors: Ni Peng , Huang Shengming , Duan Quanzhen
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a low quiescent current capacitor-less low-dropout regulator (LDO) with high slew rate super class AB CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The OTA of this design is based on the combination of class AB differential input stages and local common-mode feedback (LCMFB) which provides additional dynamic current boosting, increased gain-bandwidth (GBW) product and slew rate (SR). LCMFB is applied to various class AB differential input stages, leading to different class AB OTA topologies. The design also uses dynamic charging transistor (DCT) to enhance the transient characteristics of the circuit. The presented LDO is fabricated in a 0.18 um standard CMOS process. The circuit consumes a quiescent current of 10 uA at no load, regulating the output at 1.0V with maximum output current of 100mA from a voltage supply of 1.2V. It achieves full range stability from 1mA to 100mA load current at a maximum 100pF load capacitor.
Maintenance of electrical equipment and wiring of new energy vehicles
Authors: Han Chengzhi
Published: June 2020

In order to comply with the call of the scientific development concept and actively implement the coordinated development of ecological economy, China vigorously promotes the development of new energy industries. As one of the main mobility tools for modern people, cars have greatly improved people’s travel efficiency. Under the general environment, fuel vehicles have gradually moved closer to new energy vehicles. I hope that this will help to reduce urban pollution, environmental pollution and energy consumption. With the support of national policies, the scale of China’s new energy vehicles is getting larger and larger. As of the end of 2019, the number of domestic new energy vehicles had exceeded two million. However, after all, new energy vehicles are an emerging industry, and there are still immature areas in technology. Therefore, it is not difficult to avoid some electrical equipment or line failures during use. Once such situations are found, it will not only affect people’s driving. Experience, there may also be life threatening. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance and protection of the electrical equipment or lines of new energy vehicles on a regular basis. Therefore, this article focuses on the maintenance of new energy vehicle equipment lines to provide technical guidance and reference for the sustainable development of the industry.
Research on Radar Servo Control System Based on Neuron Adaptive PID Control
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Yang Lihong , Liu Yunfeng
Published: June 2020

Due to the fixed control parameters, traditional proportional integral differential (PID) control tend to have problems such as large overshoot, poor stability and low control accuracy, which is difficult to meet the high control quality requirement of modern radar servo system. In this paper, based on the neural network adaptive control theory, a radar servo control system is designed and its effect is improved through the self-learning of neurons, the adjustment of the weighting coefficient and the optimization of the PID controller parameters. The simulation results show that the radar servo control system using neuron adaptive PID control preforms faster response speed and higher control accuracy, which is obviously better than the system with traditional PID control.
Design of a real-time monitoring and automatic adjusting system for the belt tension of telescopic machines
Authors: Ying Liuwei , Yang Qihua , Liu Ganghai
Published: June 2020

In order to solve the problem of belt deviation, this paper designs a real-time monitoring and automatic adjusting system for the belt tension of telescopic machines. The system obtains data through the MCU, an ADS1246 chip and a full strain bridge, transmits the data through Zigbee network, and displays the data through the industrial control screen, thus realizing the real-time monitoring of the belt tension. The master MCU performs algorithm calculation firstly, and then performs real-time control of the motor through the CAN bus, so as to achieve automatic adjustment of the tension. This paper designs corresponding circuits and software according to each functional module. The results show that the real-time monitoring and automatic adjusting system is of great timeliness and accuracy, and has good application and promotion value.
A hybrid experimental validation of nonlinear energy-based control with noisy and biased measurements
Authors: Liang Guanming
Published: June 2020

Current validation of feedback control law typically relies on simulations that may not capture the actual noise and bias characteristics or on the experiments that is more expensive and less manageable. This paper proposes a hybrid experimental strategy to validate the effectiveness of nonlinear feedback control law for attitude control of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs). We use the typical measurement device, Micro-Electro-Mechanic Systems (MEMS) gyroscope, with a turntable to capture the exact measurement noise and bias. We implement the gyroscope with different up-pointing axes and rotation speeds to imitate different bias. Then, these measured angular velocities are combined into the numerical simulation of a rigid body dynamics with feedback control law to examine the performance of the nonlinear feedback control law. Results show that trajectories of the closed-loop Euler angle are close to the designed reference trajectory and the estimated bias accurately reflecting the measured bias. This hybrid experiments validate the effectiveness of energy based nonlinear feedback control law with noisy and biased experimental measurements using a much less cost.
Optimization of Cementitious Grouts for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfaces Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Imran Khan Muhammad , Sutanto Muslich H , Napiah Madzlan B , Zahid Muhammad , Usman Aliyu
Published: June 2020

In recent years, semi-flexible pavement surfaces have been identified as one of the alternatives to conventional rigid and flexible pavements due to its advantages over both the pavements. In semi-flexible pavement surfaces, the cementitious grouts are spread on the surface of a porous asphalt skeleton and allowed to penetrate through the depth. The cementitious grouts contribute to the durability (in terms of resistance to oil, water and adverse weather conditions) and the performance of semi-flexible pavement surfaces. The physical and performance properties of semi-flexible pavement depend on the voids in the porous asphalt skeleton and suitable compositions of cementitious grouts. This paper presents the design and optimization of compositions of cementitious grouts using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. Similarly, statistical models are developed to predict the flow and compressive strength properties of grouts using RSM. Water-cement ratio (w/c) and Superplasticizer (SP) were chosen as two independent variables, and their effect on flow and compressive strength properties were investigated. Based on RSM analysis, the adjusted R2 was in reasonable agreement with predicted R2 because the difference was less than 0.2, and the models were found to be significant. Finally, the optimized compositions of grouts were validated by performing experimental program.
Stabilization of Peat Soil Using Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and Portland Cement: Soil Improvement and Coal Ash Waste Reduction Approach
Authors: Hauashdh Ali , Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira , Jailani Junaidah , Abd Rahman Junita
Published: June 2020

Peat soil is very compressible, which leads to an excessive settlement. Stabilization of peat soil is the way to improve the engineering properties of peat soil through mixing peat with supplementary cementation materials. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the stabilization of peat soil using fly ash, bottom ash and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to improve the engineering properties of peat soil. Also to examine the possibility of fly ash and bottom ash waste reduction through using them as a binder of the mixture in soil improvement application. In this study, fly ash and bottom ash were collected from generation wastes at coal- fired electric power and stabilization of peat soil was done by mixing peat soil with fly ash, bottom ash and OPC. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and Fourier transform scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was conducted before and after the stabilization of peat soil. Also, some essential physicochemical properties of a mixture have identified before the mixing process. The findings of the compressive strength of peat soil were equal to 5 kPa at its natural state and after stabilization strength of peat soil was equal to 47 kPa. FESEM micrographs have shown ultrastructure of peat stabilization appears as inherent and coherent while the ultrastructure of original peat appears as incoherent and sporadic. The findings have revealed the effectiveness of fly ash and bottom ash to improve the strength of peat and the applicability of the utilization of coal ash waste as binder materials.
Prediction of Rheological Properties of Bio-asphalt Binders Through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Al-Sabaeei A M , Napiah M , Sutanto M , Alaloul W , Yusoff  , Ghaleb A A S
Published: June 2020

In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) technique was applied to model the high-temperature rheological properties of bio-asphalt binders, incorporating crude palm oil (CPO) under unaged and short-term ageing conditions. The interaction effects of CPO at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of the base asphalt binder and test temperatures of 40 °C- 76 °C as independent variables on the complex modulus and phase angle were evaluated. Results show that CPO content and test temperature have significant effects on the complex modulus and phase angle of bio-asphalt binders. RSM statistical analyses present high degrees of correlation (R2) of 0.9980, 0.9986, 0.9820 and 0.9682 for the dependent variables’ complex modulus and phase angle under unaged and aged conditions, indicating that the developed models are consistent with the experimental results. The numerical optimisation shows that the optimum complex modulus and phase angle of bio-asphalt binders can be achieved with 5% CPO at a temperature of 64 °C.
Study of sediment deposition at Tanjung Laboh due to jetty structural
Authors: Salleh A M , Nadzir N
Published: June 2020

Changes in coastal areas are due to factors such as natural factors. In recent years human activities and coastal development have contributed greatly to the change of the coast. Concerned with this problem, a study was conducted on the coast of Tanjung Laboh in March 2019 to collect oceanographic data related to coastal change. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of sediment size in jetty structure areas and unstructured areas. Specific gravity has been compared between sampling lines A, B, C and D. The study area has been divided into three zone and every sampling line is in between of 80 meters. Field work to collect current velocity data was done during high tide. Estimates of sediment accumulation were carried out by comparing sediment characteristics obtained in structured and unstructured areas that related to current velocity. The results show that the beach profile is silty clay. The current velocity is also found to be low at 0.044 m/s to 0.218 m/s. In conclusion, the sediment transportation and sediment deposition can be influence by current velocity of a coastal and factor of any barrier. Test have been carried out shows that different particles size distribution around jetty structure and without jetty structure.
Influence of Source Energy and Stacking on Active MASW Method Dispersion Image
Authors: Basri K , Talib M K A , Jumien N L , Ping B P A , Zainorabidin A , Madun A , Pakir F , Yusof M F
Published: June 2020

The study investigates the influence of source weight, type of source plate and number of stacking on the resolution of the dispersion image obtained from the active Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method at peat soil condition. Fundamental-mode dispersion curve determination is governed by the optimum configuration of the active MASW method. Optimum configuration will ensure reliable inverted shear wave velocity profile. The heterogeneity and problematic characteristics of peat soil provide challenges on the MASW survey. Based on the field tests conducted, the effect of the source weight was significant. Heavier source weight relatively increases the dispersion image resolution especially at lower frequencies but sacrificing the resolution at higher frequencies. Therefore, heavier source weight (i.e. 7 kg sledgehammer) was recommended for deeper depth of investigation with little concern on the shallow depth. The use of rubber plate also contributed to the increases of energy accumulation at lower frequencies. Increasing number of stacking increases the overall energy band as the stacking allows significant suppression of the ambient noise. 5 to 10 stacks were recommended for peat soil condition. Finally, overall comparison between the dispersion images obtained at both locations shows that thicker peat soil layer results in lower resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio dispersion image.
Addition of Gravel in the Manufacture of Paving Block with Water Absorption Capability
Authors: Mudjanarko Sri Wiwoho , Julianto Eko , Harmanto Dani , Pratama Wiwoho Firdaus
Published: June 2020

Paving block is one of elements that normally used in the pavement. Paving block can be easily made and apply to the road, parking area and yard. Innovations for paving block are carried out according to their intended application. One of them is paving block with water absorption capability to overcome the problem of flooding in Indonesia, especially in urban areas and densely populated during the rainy season. The production of paving block must follow the methods and materials as required by SNI 03-0691-1996, especially in the preparation of mixture, cement: sand/gravel: water. Paving block was designed to absorb water. The use of the materials is adjusted to achieve the quality of paving block. Specimens of sand paving block (PN) were prepared using sand (69.5%) + cement (30%) + water (0.05%). Meanwhile, specimens of gravel paving block (PK) were prepared using gravel (59.5%) + sand (10%) + cement (30%) + water (0.5%). The results indicate that gravel paving block able to absorb water within 4 seconds/litre/cm2 and the compressive strength meet the requirement of SNI 03-0691-1996.
Using Palm Oil By-Products to Reduce Environmental Impacts From Concrete: A Case Study
Authors: Sinoh S S , Ibrahim Z , Othman F
Published: June 2020

The increasing need for sustainable development especially in the construction industry has led to utilization of palm oil by-products (POBPs) in concrete. Many studies on the structural properties of POBP concrete can be found in the literature. However, there are not many studies on their environmental impact. This paper aims to systematically determine the environmental impact of concrete made using POBPs using a public school building was as a case study. Two mixes were studied: (1) a conventional concrete mix with 420 kg/m3 of cement and compressive strength of 47.4 MPa; and (2) a concrete mix incorporating OPBC as a replacement for coarse natural aggregate with the similar cement content and compressive strength. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to calculate the environmental impacts. Results show that replacement of natural aggregates with OPBC would reduce damage to resources by 11.5%, ecosystem quality by 8% and human health by 2.3% and financial cost by 22.7%. Feasibility analysis showed that POBPs can potentially replace approximately 12.7% of natural aggregate consumed by the Malaysian construction industry.
Load-Displacement Response of Oil Palm Shell Concrete Compressive Test Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Fathur Rahman Fajri , Adi Prakoso Widjojo , Tjahjono Elly , Sentosa Bastian Okto B. , Orientilize Mulia
Published: June 2020

Study of compressive strength of oil palm shell (OPS) concrete has been conducted by varying the content of admixture of silica fume and fly ash to increase concrete strength. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used as a tool to capture the physical change of concrete cube during the test which can be converted to load-displacement response by using open source sotware, Ncorr. It is evident that DIC can be carried out with ordinary camera DSLR which reveal from test result. Poison’s ratio as a ratio between lateral and vertical displacement is succesly obtained. The value are between 0.2096 to 0.2264. Concrete strength improved by 30% to 43% by adding the admixture, silica fume and fly ash.
Characterization of Compression and Tensile Properties of Bamboo Jawa (Gigantochloa Atter) and Bamboo Apus (Gigantochloa Apus) for Application as Soil Reinforcement
Authors: Rochim Abdul , Latifah Khoiriya , Supriyadi Bambang
Published: June 2020

In any construction design, two things should be taken into account are stability and settlement. In order to achieve target soil stability or soil bearing capacity, earthwork solutions and or ground improvement solutions can be conducted. Some solutions can vary such as using bamboo as a retaining wall or as a foundation. This study aims to determine the compression and tension properties of bamboos which can be used as data for soil reinforcement. Two types of bamboo, bamboo Apus (Gigantochloa Apus) and bamboo Jawa (Gigantochloa Atter) are selected as tested materials. Twenty-four samples from the two bamboos are tested to understand their compressive strength and other thirty for tensile strength. In order to determine the compression (ASTM C39/C39M-09a) and tension (SNI 03-3399-1994) properties of some parts of bamboo, the samples are taken from top, middle, and bottom location. From this experiment, from the two kinds of bamboo, bamboo Apus provides higher strengths (both compressive and tensile strength) than bamboo Jawa. For compressive strength, Bamboo Apus on average reaches 44.36 MPa while bamboo Jawa reaches 25.45 MPa. In tensile strength, on average bamboo Apus reaches183 MPa which is higher than that of bamboo Jawa 140.3 MPa. From this finding, it assures that one type of bamboo can have higher strength than others.
Comparative Study on Strength of Foamed Concrete Consisting Hybrid Fiber
Authors: Mohamad N. , Aziz Khalidah , Samad A.A.A. , Sapuan Nadjmi , Lakhiar M.T.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the performance of foamed concrete (FC) with two additives, namely coir fiber (CF) and steel fibers (SF), which can be categorized as hybrid fiber materials that are environmentally friendly because one of the fibers is an agricultural waste. In addition, it can also increase the foamed concrete strength. The CF was added in the FC mixture in three different percentages; namely 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% with fixed SF percentage at 3% for each mixture. The FC-CF-SF mixtures were tested in the laboratory to determine its fresh properties and mechanical properties. From the findings it showed that the workability of foamed concrete reduced when the hybrid fiber increased. The result presents the highest value of compressive strength was 21.9MPa obtained on FC-CF-SF with percentage of 1% CF and 3% SF at 28 days. For tensile strength, the highest value obtained from the test on cylinder specimen at 28 days was 1.94MPa with FC-CF-SF added with 0.5% CF and 3% SF. Meanwhile, the maximum value of flexural strength achieved was 3.4MPa obtained on FC-CF-SF added with 1% of CF and 3% of SF and the highest ultimate load recorded was 8.27MPa obtained on FC-CF-SF added with 1% of CF and 3% of SF content. Based on the observation, the foamed concrete consisting hybrid fiber experienced less crack compared to control specimen.
Bearing Strength of Circular Concrete Blocks Varies in Heights Subjected to Concentrically Circular Loaded Bearing Plate
Authors: Yahya N A , Nor N Md , Zain R Md , Oh C L , Lee S W
Published: June 2020

Bearing strength is vital when transferring the heavy loaded over limited area of concrete surface. This paper examines the bearing strength of circular concrete blocks with different heights loaded under circular bearing plate. Bearing strength of concrete are strongly related to the compressive strength of concrete and the ratio of total area of concrete surface to loaded steel bearing area. This study focuses on the confinement effects of concrete for different heights of concrete blocks. Most existing design codes propose specific criteria to prevent bearing failure but not included size effect such as height of concrete block. Height of concrete block is one of important criteria in designing concrete bearing especially for shallow or slender structural supports. For the present study, there are total of 18 concrete blocks has been tested under compression and bearing tests, i.e. 9 blocks for compression test (150 mm3) and 9 blocks for bearing test in three different heights, i.e. 50 mm, 100 mm and 200 mm with constant concrete diameter of 100 mm. The confinement effect of concrete is analysed based on two dimensionless units, i.e. (fb/fc) and (h/d) ratios. The failure modes for different height of concrete blocks observed. The effect of different heights on concrete bearing also explained.
An Analysis of Plastic Barrels as a Platforms Material of Floating House in Coastal Areas
Authors: Adi H P , Wahyudi S I , Ni’am M F , Haji S
Published: June 2020

Housing is a very basic necessity for human life, so it is needed by considering its comfort of the environment and constituent materials. For people who live on the coastal areas which have narrow land and low environmental arrangement, a floating house can be the solution. The floating house is a building that stands or floats on water by relying on the weight and area of the field that is submerged as load parameters that are able to be borne by the structure. The house can float and be placed on the edge of the beach and above the sea water front. There are various materials that can be utilized as the footing of this floating house; one of which is plastic barrels. This research aims at analyzing the level of buoyancy, the amount of materials and the cost needed for the construction of a simple floating house unit using plastic barrels as the platforms. The results showed that the buoyancy level (Fa) of plastic barrels as the platforms material is 549.814 Newton, the number of plastic barrels needed as platforms materials is 232 pieces costing for IDR 358,270, 000.
Water Monitoring System Embedded with Internet of Things (IoT) Device: A Review
Authors: Kamaruidzaman N S , Nazahiyah Rahmat Siti
Published: June 2020

Urbanisation and population growth lead to increased water demand and might affect the water sources. Hence, it is important to manage it effectively. This paper reviews the use of Internet of Things (IoT) device in monitoring water system to conserve and manage the precious resources. The IoT technology is most synonymous with the latest wireless system for data acquisition for real-time monitoring surveillances. The real-time monitoring process involves large distribution of monitoring sensor and network such as computing, wireless sensor network and cloud computing. Traditionally, water quantity and quality reading has been labour intensive and subsequently an expensive process. By application of IoT, human involvement shall be minimized and most procedural decisions in a normal process will be made by algorithms. Developing user-friendly IoT tools will be an excellent contender in real time water monitoring solutions and lead to efficient management.
A Systematic Literature Review on The Dimensions of Smart Cities
Authors: Wahab N S N , Seow T W , Radzuan I S M , Mohamed S
Published: June 2020

Smart city represents a new future framework which integrates multiple information and communication technology (ICT), which provides solution to cope with urban challenges and at the same time to improve the quality of life of the citizens. However, it is still an unclear concept with no standardised nomenclature that could be effectively describing itself and lacking in standardised criteria and framework to visualise the concept. This paper aims to review smart city literature to achieve the understandings on the fundamentals of smart city. The research procedure focuses on the dimensions of the smart city. The studies selected from two major databases; Scopus and Science Direct. The selection process involves searching for literature sources and screening and filtering the studies based on titles, abstracts, and full-text reading. Final 28 documents are selected and adopted in this study. Based on the review, it is identified that there are 11 dimensions that contributes to the development of smart cities; smart economy, smart governance, smart people, smart environment, smart infrastructure, smart technology, smart living, smart mobility, smart water and waste, smart security and smart agriculture. Thus, the findings provide insights for scholars researching on the subject, and the parties considering applying them into practice.
Comparative Analysis of Alliancing and Public Private Partnership Cost Performance in Australasia Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Almaaz R , Zakaria I , Odimegwumas T C
Published: June 2020

Alternative project delivery methods such as Alliancing and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) are increasingly used to deliver complex infrastructure projects around the world and in Australasia in particular. Alliancing is expected to benefit owners with superior cost control, high levels of collaboration, and better risk management. Yet, PPP has remained the dominant provider for infrastructure projects. This paper empirically compares the cost growth performance of Alliancing and PPP in Australasia infrastructure projects under the lenses of Relational Contracting Theory and Transaction Cost Economics Theory (TCE). Data were collected from state records and previous studies on 48 completed projects. The analysis of the data using change order growth, bid growth, and project growth ratios shows that alliancing outperformed PPP in meeting cost expectations. These results challenge the traditional assumption of PPP superiority in delivering infrastructure projects.
Is Hygrothermal Aging of Construction Polymer Composites a Reversible Process?
Authors: Grammatikos Sotirios , Papatzani Styliani , Evernden Mark
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the effects of wet/dry cycling loading on the moisture uptake behavior of a Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite used in the civil engineering sector. FRP samples of various dimensions were cut from an ‘off-the-shelf’ pultruded flat sheet and conditioned in a cyclic hygrothermal environment. A series of 3 consecutive moisture absorption-desorption cycles lasting for 153 days were carried out to investigate the moisture uptake behavior of FRPs. The hygrothermal procedure consisted of immersion in 60°C distilled water until saturation and consecutively drying in a 60°C oven until equilibrium was reached. After the 1st desorption cycle, it was found that FRP samples lose a significant amount of mass due to chemical decomposition, the extent of which increases as wet/dry cyclic loading progresses. The effective mass loss leads to a subsequent significant increase in the rate of moisture uptake. Mechanical behavior of the FRPs aged at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C for 224 days is examined at both ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ states to reveal the reversible and irreversible effects of moisture uptake. It was revealed that the effects of 40°C hygrothermal aging on mechanical performance are reversible when moisture is removed.