bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The referendum on the independence of Montenegro in 2006: ethnolanguage aspects
Authors: Belokhvostov Andrey Nikolaevich , Matveicheva Yuliya Olegovna
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of the factor of ethnolanguage identification of the population of Montenegro on the results of the 2006 independence referendum. The article presents arguments pointing to a stable territorial split of Montenegro, confirmed by census materials, the results of referendums in 1992 and 2006, as well as the course of parliamentary and presidential elections. Montenegrins, Serbs and representatives of other ethnic communities have completely different assessments of the geopolitical situation of the republic and have their own vision of the further development of Montenegrin statehood. The scientific novelty of the study consists in an attempt to show a clear correlation of the voting results in each community with the ethnocultural identity of the local population, due to the historical conditions of residence of a particular region within the Montenegrin state. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Orthodox majority of the republic is in a state of deep division into two approximately equal groups – Serbs and Montenegrins. Their separation on the issue of maintaining a unified state entity with Serbia was noticeable even during the collapse of greater Yugoslavia, and finally took shape in the late 1990s and early 2000s in connection with the new course of the political leadership of Montenegro to achieve full independence from Serbia.
Linguistic compression at the level of word formation in English economic discourse
Authors: Glukhov Gennadiy Vasilyevich
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the structure and semantics of word-formation compressions in English economic discourse. Clarifying the meaning of the term "linguistic compression" gives the author the opportunity to determine the means of expressing compression at the word-formation level in the economic sphere. The research has a scientific novelty, which consists in the fact that as a result of the first comprehensive analysis of the means of compressive word formation in English economic discourse, productive word-formation models were identified and described, as well as the originality of their structure and content was determined. As a result of the study, the predominance of models of compressive word formation formed by word composition was revealed, among which the uncomplicated N + N model, the substantive conversion model V + Prep (Adv), complex phrasal words (collapsed linguistic units) and compound words. It is noted that abbreviation in English economic discourse is a fairly effective way to implement linguistic compression due to the fact that it is characterized by the highest degree of compression. The predominant are initial three-component abbreviations with a substantial basic component, truncated syllabic type abbreviations (apocopa) and graphic abbreviations, characterized by rich semantic content in combination with a compressed form of expression.
The conceptual opposition of "truth – lie" in the Chuvash and Russian language worldviews
Authors: Borisova Lyudmila Valentinovna , Ivanova Alena Mihailovna , Chueva Elvira Vitalievna
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the linguistic and cultural features of the representation of the concepts of TRUTH and LIE in the Russian and Chuvash language worldviews. The article examines the structural and semantic features of the concepts as complex mental formations, identifies their intercultural correspondences, analyzes conceptual, figurative and moral-aesthetic components reflecting important attitudes of the life philosophy of the Russian and Chuvash peoples. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that it for the first time presents a description of the concepts of TRUTH and LIE based on the material of Russian and Chuvash proverbial expressions in a comparative way, examines the linguistic and cultural aspects of their linguistic implementation, identifies intercultural correspondences and differences that determine the linguistic mentality of the Chuvash people. As a result of the study, it was found that the cognitive categories "truth" and "lie" are the basic elements of the cultural code of nations. They form a single semantic paradigm in the space of the Russian and Chuvash worldviews and act as units of a functional and pragmatic level. The emotional and evaluative interpretation of the considered components is determined by life or behavioral situations and receives various metaphorical content within the framework of the studied linguistic cultures.
Ergonymicon as the most important component of the linguistic landscape of a modern multiethnic city (on the example of Ufa)
Authors: Kiseleva Larisa Ayratovna , Khisamutdiniva Dilyara Rishatovna
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the main structural, semantic and linguocultural features of the ergonymicon of a modern multiethnic city in relation to the specifics of its characteristic linguistic situation. The article defines the conceptual foundations for the study of the linguistic landscape of the city; examines the originality of the ergonymicon as an integral component of the onomastic urban space; carries out a multidimensional description of ergonyms recorded in the territory of the city of Ufa. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, using the example of Ufa, a systematic analysis of the ergonymicon of a modern multiethnic city is carried out according to various parameters (method of education, origin, linguistic and cultural features) and the conditionality of the specifics of these units by intra- and extra-linguistic factors is determined. As a result of the study, it was found that the main features of the Ufa ergonymicon are multilingualism, active appeal to national identity and regional affiliation in the nomination of urban objects, and widespread use of borrowings. It was also found that when creating ergonyms, Russian language units are used most often. Elements of the national (Bashkir) language are less frequently used compared to English-language ones. Urban specificity is especially noticeable in ergonyms created based on toponyms, anthroponyms, and ethno-cultural realities.
Teaching Chinese students to read economic texts in Russian classes, taking into account the ethnopsychological characteristics of the students
Authors: Rakova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for working with economic texts in a Chinese audience, taking into account the ethnopsychological characteristics of students in the formation of reading skills in Russian at the B2 level. To achieve this goal, the article examines such cognitive and psychological features of Chinese students as an imaginative type of thinking, a visual-motor type of memory, a high level of mnemonic abilities and a predisposition to perceive information in portions. Based on these features, the author suggests the stages of working with the text and the types of tasks suitable for this psychotype of students. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the algorithm for working with Russian economic texts is considered from the point of view of taking into account the ethnopsychological specifics of a particular contingent (in this case, Chinese). The result of the study was a number of practical recommendations aimed at optimizing and facilitating the process of working with texts in the specialty in the aspect of Russian as a foreign language in the Chinese audience.
Fluidoterapia reflexiva: desde la fisiología a la práctica clínica
Authors: Mora-Martínez Santiago , Montoya-Quintero Kevin Fernando
Published: July 2024

Introducción. La fluidoterapia es una intervención ampliamente usada en la práctica clínica. No obstante, su aplicación no está exenta de riesgos y demanda una evaluación cuidadosa de la tolerancia del paciente y su respuesta al volumen. La práctica empírica de la reanimación con líquidos puede ser potencialmente letal. El propósito de esta revisión fue proporcionar una visión general de los principios fisiológicos y terapéuticos para la administración de líquidos intravenosos en pacientes críticamente enfermos, abordando poblaciones especiales, como los pacientes quirúrgicos, sépticos y politraumatizados.
Métodos. Se hizo una revisión narrativa a partir de artículos publicados en PUBMED, ScienceDirect y LILACS, entre 2001 y 2023. Para la búsqueda se emplearon los términos MESH fluid therapy, crystalloid solutions y colloids.
Resultados. Se encontraron 371 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron los estudios clínicos aleatorizados, las revisiones narrativas, las revisiones sistemáticas y los metaanálisis que analizaron el rol de los cristaloides y coloides. Se incluyeron manuscritos publicados en fechas por fuera del rango de búsqueda, que se consideraron relevantes para la descripción de la fisiopatología y los fundamentos del uso de líquidos endovenosos.
Conclusión. La reanimación reflexiva se fundamenta en un entendimiento holístico de la fisiología y la individualización de la fluidoterapia. El uso liberal de líquidos endovenosos tiene potenciales efectos nocivos y las estrategias de reanimación deben ser guiadas por medidas dinámicas y estáticas individuales, que proporcionan un panorama seguro para el manejo de los líquidos.
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the Beginning of World War II as Perceived by Soviet Citizens: New Sources and Interpretations
Authors: Karpenkina Yanina
Published: July 2024

After the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed, a new historical phase began for the whole of Europe, marked by a sharp escalation of international conflict and the imminent outbreak of World War II. For Soviet citizens, these events were particularly traumatic because they also meant a sudden turn toward peace with Germany. The news of the signing of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression pact was received by Soviet citizens with mixed feelings. Many of them did not understand why yesterday’s Enemy No. 1 was suddenly turned into Ally No. 1, and what to expect from this partnership. In searching for the rationale for this agreement, the Soviet people were inclined to take a positive view of the pact, and then a negative one. A detailed analysis of the transformation of the public mood makes it possible to identify the internal problems of Soviet society, which manifested themselves expressively in the first weeks of World War II. This study also draws attention to the problem of Soviet people’s trust in official sources of information; to the impact of war scares of the interwar period on Soviet society; and to the influence of the ideas of the world proletarian revolution on the perception of the events of late August and early September 1939. The study is based on the accounts of the predominantly Russian population of the Soviet Union and presents the perspective of this ethnic group.
Israel, the Righteous, the Prophets, and the Messiah as the Servant(s) of the Lord
Authors: Cowan J. Andrew
Published: July 2024

This essay explores the rationale behind the different interpretations of the servant of the Lord in Targum Jonathan Isaiah. In order to facilitate understanding of this material, I survey the use of the designation “servant(s) of the Lord” in the Hebrew Bible and then discuss the rationale behind the use of singulars and plurals in the Targum’s translation of Isaiah 40–55. After this, I analyze the relevant passages within the Targum, suggesting that the scribes interpret the figure of the servant to have four different referents: the nation of Israel, the righteous, the prophets, and the messiah. Throughout this analysis, I attend to the features of the text that appear to have influenced the scribes to identify the servant in these ways. I conclude by reviewing the most important factors contributing to these decisions and then highlighting the coherence between my observations and some recent works on the scribes’ hermeneutical orientation.
Neues aus Thyatira – eine lex sacra aus vorchristlicher Zeit
Authors: Heininger Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Among the few inscriptions published in recent times that can be attributed to Thyatira, one of the seven cities of Revelation (cf. Rev 1:11; 2:18–29), a particularly noteworthy example is a lex sacra, or purity law. It regulates access to the sanctuary of an unspecified deity (presumably the μήτερ τῶν θεῶν). After presenting the material findings along with the Greek text and the German translation, the inscription is analyzed in terms of its linguistic form and genre. This is followed by a discussion of the individual cases of defilement (death, eating and touching garlic, murder and manslaughter, sexuality). Cross-references to biblical and intertestamental literature are included. The aim is to enhance the religious-historical profile of Thyatira, an Asia Minor city, which has received comparatively little attention in New Testament research.
Polemik und Geschichtsschreibung bei Thomas Abbt
Authors: Berger Demian
Published: July 2024

The article examines the historiographical concepts of Thomas Abbt (1738–1766) in their polemical references, especially in the Berliner Literaturbriefe. By means of polemics, Abbt outlines his idea of ‘pragmatic history’ in contrast to contemporary historical attempts, namely J.C. Harenberg’s History of the Jesuits, C.F. Pauli’s Heroic Tales, a historical novel by J.G.H. v. Justi and P.E. Bertram’s Spanish History. Therefore, history must unite three claims: a pragmatic one with regard to its political utility, an epistemic one concerning an unconditional claim to objectivity and non-fictionality, and an aesthetic-stylistic one, according to which only a style schooled in classical rhetoric and ancient historiography can guarantee the utility and truth of history. Hence, Abbt’s polemic against misguided historiography is essentially articulated as a critique of style.
Ein dionysischer Oidipus
Authors: Zimmermann Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Rudolf Pannwitz (27 May 1881–23 March 1969) is an almost forgotten 20th century author. The Dionysian Tragedies (Dionysische Tragödien), published in 1913, refers in its title to the inspiration for the five plays: Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy (Geburt der Tragödie, 1872). Among the Dionysian tragedies, The Liberation of Oedipus. A dionysian picture (Die Befreiung des Oidipus. Ein dionysisches Bild) has the most points of contact with Nietzsche’s work. Against the background of the ancient discussion of the Dionysian and the dithyrambic and Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy, the article interprets Die Befreiung des Oidipus as a dramatisation of Nietzsche’s understanding of the Dionysian.
Una herramienta para el diseño y dos ejemplos urbanísticos
Authors: Nottoli Hernán Santiago
Published: July 2024

Hoy existen nuevos conceptos que se han gestado en los últimos tiempos y entre los renovadores campos matemáticos que se usan al diseñar se destaca: la geometría fractal. En este trabajo se pretende incursionar en esa rama del conocimiento, acompañando las ideas centrales con ejemplos de diseño de reconocido valor en el campo internacional. El objetivo central es mostrar una herramienta que posibilita enriquecer el proceso interviniente y la metodología se apoya en destacar los pasos sucesivos a seguir para aplicar estas novedosas ideas en el campo proyectual. Aunque muchos personajes dedicados a la creación de obras artísticas, de orden arquitectónico y urbanístico no suelen ser amigos de la matemática, hoy en día puede afirmarse que esa disciplina es un aliado imponderable en el proceso de diseñar. El colofón del trabajo destaca las válidas conclusiones que se espera que sean argumentos legítimospara defender las ideas centrales de esta presentación.
Estudio de obras referentes: La Ballena Azul como caso para la enseñanza de la acústica en arquitectura
Authors: Bellot Rodolfo José
Published: July 2024

La docencia de la arquitectura, tanto en su enseñanza como aprendizaje, se expresa a través de procesos complejos. Al respecto, el artículo se funda en la construcción de conocimiento arquitectónico en instancia formativa, con el propósito de fomentar el desarrollo de competencias disciplinares. Se recupera el estudio de caso[s] como recurso de enseñanza, indagando respecto de su relevancia en el pensamiento proyectual. En consecuencia se opta por explorar el auditorio principal del Centro Cultural Kirchner, Ballena Azul, con la convicción de brindar herramientas que colaboren con la comprensión integral de diversas habilidades asociadas con la acústica. Metodológicamente, se delimita en un enfoque cualitativo, con propósito descriptivo interpretativo. Concluye respecto de la formación que promueva un saber proyectual a partir de una conjunción mediada entre lógicas prescriptivas y critico reflexivas
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KECEPATAN DAN ARUS PENGELASAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK HASIL LAS
Authors: Mufti Mohammad , Ismail Ismail , Wahid Ichlas
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Prosedur pengelasan memainkan peranan penting dalam sektor teknologi manufaktur, dan prosedur pendinginan selanjutnya digunakan pada material yang dihasilkan dari pengelasan baja ST-42, menggunakan oli SAE-10W-30 sebagai bahan pendingin. Prosedur ini, yang meliputi peleburan logam dan Perlakuan Termal selanjutnya dengan pendinginan yang dipercepat untuk mencapai proses pengerasan, dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh karakteristik material yang sesuai. Nilai tegangan tarik tertinggi diperoleh selama prosedur pendinginan, yang bervariasi tergantung pada laju dan arus pengelasan. Mesin las Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) digunakan dengan fluktuasi arus sebesar 120 A, 130 A, dan 140 A. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh fluktuasi kecepatan pengelasan dan arus listrik terhadap karakteristik mekanik mesin las. pengelasan dan tentukan kombinasi kecepatan dan arus pengelasan yang paling menguntungkan di antara tiga opsi—55 mm/s, 52 mm/s, dan 49 mm/s untuk kecepatan pengelasan, dan 120 A, 130 A, dan 140 A untuk arus pengelasan —dalam hasil pengelasan GMAW. Pada pengujian pada plat induk baja karbon rendah yaitu “ST42” yang dilakukan dengan pengujian tegangan tarik maksimum  dan uji kekerasan brinell. Tegangan tarik maksimum terbesar berada pada, Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan variasi kecepatan 55mm/s, 52mm/s, dan 49mm/s dan variasi arus 120A, 130A, Dan 140A. Dan media pendingin OLI SAE 10W-30 kekuatan tarik maksimum terbesar berada di pengelasan, arus 140A dengan kode spesimen G2 dengan kekuatan tarik maksimum sebesar 43,58 kg/mm2. Dan tegangan tarik maksimum terendah yaitu berada pada kode spesimen A2 di arus 120 A sebesar 33,14 kg/mm2. Dan kecepatan pengelasan 52mm/s. pada media pendingin oli yang didapatkan yaitu semakin besar arus makan semakin tinggi tegangan tarik maksimumnya, sedangkan untuk pengujian kekerasan Brinell, Pengujian Kekerasan Brinell dengan pengambilan sampel titik pada daerah Weld Metal, HAZ, Base Metal. Dan nilai tertinggi kekerasan HBN berada pada arus 130 A dengan kode spesimen D, dan kecepatan Pengelasan 55mm/s sehingga nilai kekerasan yang di dapat sebesar 175,3 HBN Pada daerah weld metal , dan pada daerah HAZ nilai tertinggi berada pada arus 120A pada kode spesimen A dengan kecepatan pengelasan 55mm/s sebesar 164 HBN. Dan pada daerah base metal yang tertinggi yaitu pada arus 130 A pada kode spesimen E, dengan kecepatan pengelasan 52mm/s sebesar 159 HBN.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KEMIRINGAN SUDUT VARIATOR (PRIMARY PULLEY), UKURAN V-BELT DAN BERAT ROLLER TERHADAP DAYA PADA MOTOR MATIC MIO J 110CC
Authors: Firdaus Royyan , Supardi Supardi , Kastiawan I Made
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK
Sistem transmisi otomatis pada kendaraan matic merupakan transmisi otomatis pengoperasiannya tidak menggunakan perpindahan roda gigi melainkan menggunakan pulley dan belt yang dikenal dengan CVT. Sistem CVT (Continuous Variable Transmission) adalah sisteim transmisi daya dari meisin meinuju roda beilakang meilalui V-beilt yang meinghubungkan antara drivei pulleiy untuk meinggeirakkan drivein pulleiy meinggunakan gaya seintrifugal yang teirjadi pada komponein-komponeinnya, CVT (Continuosly Variablei Transmission ) teirdiri dari drivei pulleiy dan drivein pulleiy. Pada pully primeir teirdapat speieid goveirnor yang beirfungsi meirubah beisar keicilnya diameiteir pully primeir yang seibagai rumahan dari rolleir seintrifugal yang akan meineirima gaya seintrifugal akibat putaran crankshaf. Pada pully primeir teirdapat speieid goveirnor yang beirfungsi meirubah beisar keicilnya diameiteir pully primeir yang seibagai rumahan dari rolleir seintrifugal. peinggeirak pada seipeida motor matic ialah salah satu komponein yang peinting pada seipeida motor seibagaimana pada matic yang beirfungsi seibagai peimindah keiceipatan seisuai rpm meisin seicara otomatis dan tidak mamakai gigi transmisi namun meinggunakan sabuk V-beilt seibagai peineirus atau peinghubung putaran antara keidua pulleiy. Puli seibagai komponein yang beirfungsi untuk meingatur beirat keicilnya diameiteirpuli yang beirhubungan deingan peirbandingan reiduksi putaran meisin, seilain itu puli juga beirfungsi untuk meingatur akseileirasi pada seipda motor. Beirdasarkan hasil peineilitian teintang analisa peingaruh variasi keimiringan sudut variator (primary pulleiy), ukuran v-beilt dan beirat rolleir teirhadap akseileirasi dan peirforma pada motor matic mio j 110cc dapat disimpulkan, untuk daya maksimal yang dapat dicapai di motor Yamaha Mio J 110cc teirleitak pada variasi pulleiy 130 deingan rolleir 10gram dan meinggunakan V-beilt variasi beirnilai 7,855 Hp, untuk daya maksimal yang dapat dicapai di motor Yamaha Mio J 110cc teirleitak pada variasi pulleiy 130 deingan rolleir 8 gram dan meinggunakan V-beilt original deingan nilai 7,555 Hp.
 
Kata kunci: daya,rolleir,pulleiy,otomasi, v beilt
Pengendalian Kualitas terhadap Critical Processes pada Hanger Line Proses Sewing di PT. XYZ Menggunakan Metoda FMEA dan FTA
Authors: Setiawan Eko , Oktaviana Desy Evi
Published: July 2024

Pengamatan terhadap critical processes di hanger line yang merupakan bagian dari proses sewing di PT. XYZ mendapati adanya produk defect maupun produk repair. Upaya pengendalian kualitas terhadap critical processes tersebut sehingga terjadinya produk defect maupun produk repair dapat dikurangi merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Dalam hal ini, identifikasi nilai prioritas dari jenis-jenis defect dilakukan dengan menerapkan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) digunakan untuk mendapatkan root causes bagi berbagai jenis defect, sedemikian hingga usulan perbaikan dapat dirumuskan. Penelitian menemukan welt pocket tidak konsisten (nilai RPN 100) maupun collar tidak balance (nilai RPN 84) sebagai jenis defect dengan urutan prioritas perbaikan tertinggi pertama dan kedua. Penelitian ini mengusulkan perbaikan berupa dilakukannya perataan panel terlebih dahulu di acrylic; dipastikannya kesesuaian antara acrylic yang digunakan dengan style yang sedang diproduksi; dilakukannya pengawasan oleh supervisor untuk memantau kinerja operator; diadakannya konseling untuk operator; dipastikannya kesamaan dan kesesuaian antara ukuran back body dan front body dengan approved sample; dipastikannya ketepatan dan kesesuaian ukuran collar dengan approved sample; serta disediakannya pattern style sebagai acuan bagi operator.
Pemilihan Supplier Pangan Organik dengan Metode Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Izzaty Nur , Arif Alma , Lufika Raihan Dara
Published: July 2024

Pemilihan supplier merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam alur kegiatan rantai pasok dan keputusan strategis yang dapat meningkatkan keunggulan kompetitif bagi perusahaan. AF organic store merupakan jenis usaha yang bergerak di industri pangan organik. Terdapat beberapa permasalahan terkait pemilihan supplier       yang disebabkan oleh kinerja dari tiap supplier yang kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP) dan dibantu dengan Software Super Decisions dengan tujuan untuk menentukan kriteria dan sub-kriteria utama pemilihan supplier sesuai dengan kebutuhan AF dengan membandingkan nilai terhadap kriteria yang ditentukan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urutan prioritas kriteria kebutuhan supplier AF dengan bobot berurutan yaitu kualitas (0,417), harga (0,360), service (0,159), dan pengiriman (0,070). Sementara itu, sub-kriteria utama yang dipertimbangkan adalah kesesuaian produk dan spesifikasi dengan nilai 0,739. Kriteria kualitas menjadi fokus terpenting dari AF karena komitmen perusahaan untuk tetap menjaga kualitas bahan makanan organik yang dijual kepada konsumen. Oleh karena itu, didapatkan prioritas supplier terbaik adalah WSM dengan nilai 0,446.
The Impact of the Pandemic on the Performance of Industrial Construction Projects in Indonesia
Authors: Permatasari Intan , Mindhayani Iva
Published: July 2024

The Covid-19 outbreak has caused economic downturns and recession. In 2021, Covid-19 cases in Indonesia has a significant increase. The construction sector in Indonesia faced substantial challenges due to the pandemic, evidenced by contracted growth. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the construction industry cannot be viewed solely from an economic perspective but must consider various factors. Issues in the construction industry affect project performance. Previous research could not interpret the relationship between individual pandemic impacts and project performance levels. Therefore, this study aims to determine factors Covid-19 pandemic affects construction project performance in Indonesia. The study identifies five factors that may influence project performance: (1) challenges in implementing social distancing, (2) movement restrictions, (3) challenges of working from home (WFH), (4) planning for worker limitations, and (5) use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Data was collected using questionnaires distributed to project managers in the construction industry. Primary analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results indicate that three variables significantly impact project performance in the construction industry. The level of movement restrictions during the pandemic (lockdown) and the planning for worker limitations negatively affect project performance, while movement restrictions positively affect the challenges of implementing social distancing.
The Returns to Experience for School Principals
Authors: Bartanen Brendan , Husain Aliza N. , Liebowitz David D. , Rogers Laura K.
Published: July 2024

Despite increasing recognition of the importance of high-quality school leadership, we know remarkably little about principal skill development. Using administrative data from Tennessee, Oregon, and New York City, we estimate the returns to principal experience as measured by student outcomes, teacher hiring and retention patterns, and teacher and supervisor ratings of principals. The typical principal leads a school for only 3 to 5 years and leaves the principalship after 6 to 7 years. We find little evidence that school performance improves as principals gain experience, despite substantial improvement in supervisor ratings. Our results suggest that strategies intended to increase principal retention are unlikely to improve school outcomes absent more comprehensive efforts to strengthen the link between principal skill development and student and school outcomes.
The Effects of Educational Technology Interventions on Literacy in Elementary School: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Silverman Rebecca D. , Keane Kristin , Darling-Hammond Elena , Khanna Saurabh
Published: July 2024

Educational technology is ubiquitous, and educational technology interventions often target literacy. However, there is insufficient information about the effects of these interventions on literacy outcomes in elementary school. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of quasi-experimental and experimental studies published between 2010 and 2023 that evaluated the effects of educational technology interventions on the literacy outcomes of K–5 students. The meta-analysis across 119 studies from 105 manuscripts revealed positive effects for decoding (0.33), language comprehension (0.30), reading comprehension (0.23), and writing proficiency (0.81). However, when isolating effects for standardized measures, effects for decoding (0.23), language comprehension (0.12), reading comprehension (0.14), and writing proficiency (0.34) were reduced. Moderator analyses suggested that effects can depend on outcome, intervention, and participant characteristics. In the discussion, we describe and contextualize findings and call for more research to further unpack moderator effects. We also discuss possible implications for practice and policy.
KREATIVITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS PENGAJARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Uluwiyah Lala Miediyana , Sholeh Slamet
Published: July 2024

This research was carried out to find out more clearly about the creativity of Islamic Religious Education teachers in teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is one of the reasons for researchers to conduct in-depth studies and research related to the creativity of PAI teachers in carrying out teaching tasks during this period. the covid-19. The method used in this research activity is to use a qualitative approach with a phenomenological type. The data collection methods used were interviews, observation and documentation data analysis, while the data sources in this case were PAI teachers whom the researcher managed to meet in the field when the researcher conducted the research. And the results of the research show that PAI teachers have a variety of creativity to create a teaching process, namely by sending short stories and pictures, with the help of the internet, laptop, Instagram, WhatsApp, zoom meeting applications and so on, and PAI teachers also use various methods so that participants students do not feel bored, namely the project-based learning method is very important because it is effectively applied to students by forming small study groups. The online method is learning that is carried out face-to-face by paying attention to zoning and health protocols. In this method, students will be taught in turns (shift model). The implications of this research are: 1) PAI teachers' creativity is increasing, 2) teachers are becoming more active in making learning activities successful, 3) students are required to be more skilled in participating in learning activities using new methods.
Constrainted but robust feature integration in visual working memory
Authors: Ju Longfei , Zhu Ping , Fu Yingtao , shen mowed , CHEN HUI
Published: July 2024

Visual working memory (VWM) could actively integrate spatio-temporal discrete information into unified and structured representations. However, it remains unknown whether the integration in VWM occurs on the object level or feature level. The current study addressed this issue by examing the integration on the orientation dimension while manipulating the heterogeneity of the color dimension on the same objects. In three experiments, participants were instructed to remember the sequentially presented orientations with potential grouping cues (i.e., collinearity) during VWM maintenance. The results showed that the heterogeneity of task-irrelevant colors could not significantly affect the integration effect of orientations (Experiment 1), which might be due to the fact that the irrelevant colors were intentionally discarded in VWM (Experiment 2). As a contrast, when the color became task-relevant (Experiment 3), the integration of orientations could still be formed but was significantly affected by inconsistent colors. These results indicated that feature-based VWM integration was robust, but could also be modulated by the object structure, aligning well with the hierarchically feature-based representational model of VWM.
The Dynamics of Acculturative Change: The Potential of a Developmental Perspective in Acculturation Science
Authors: Titzmann Peter , Jugert Philipp
Published: July 2024

Acculturation processes are, by definition, processes of change over time. Yet, acculturation science is dominated by static and a-developmental theorizing that makes no specific assumptions about temporal change processes. This review paper will present concepts and methods that utilize a Developmental Science perspective and demonstrates how these concepts can make acculturation science more dynamic and embedded in contextual developmental theorizing. The described concepts include the life stage principle (e.g., how acculturative experiences may differ in their effects depending on the developmental stage in which individuals face them), ideas about distal and proximal sources of ontogenetic (acculturative) change, the concept of phase transitions from Dynamic Systems Theory (e.g., acculturation may be seen as a phase transition with higher susceptibility to risk factors), dynamic approaches to pubertal development (i.e., novel concepts of acculturation timing), novel insights on nonergodicity (i.e., a discussion on whether between subject effects indeed present within-person processes in acculturation), and person-in-context insights. This review presents the background of these concepts, describes the benefits for acculturation research, and suggests methodological approaches to use them in studies on immigration and acculturative change. Overall, this overview will instigate a novel understanding of acculturation research, which is arguably more in line with earlier aims of acculturation research: A better understanding of CHANGE in cultural patterns due to continuous first-hand contact between individuals from different cultures.
The Digital Twin in Neuroscience: From Theory to Tailored Therapy
Authors: Fekonja Lucius Samo , Schenk Robert , Schröder Emily , Tomasello Rosario , Tomšič Samo , Picht Thomas
Published: July 2024

Digital twins enable simulation, comprehensive analysis and predictions, as virtual representations of physical systems. They are also finding increasing interest and application in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on digital twins of the brain. We discuss how digital twins in neuroscience enable the modelling of brain functions and pathology as they offer an in-silico approach to studying the brain and illustrating the complex relationships between brain network dynamics and related functions. To showcase the capabilities of digital twinning in neuroscience we demonstrate how the impact of brain tumors on the brain’s physical structures and functioning can be modelled in relation to the philosophical concept of plasticity. Against this technically derived backdrop, which assumes that the brain's nonlinear behaviour towards improvement and repair can be modeled and predicted based on MRI data, we further explore the philosophical insights of Catherine Malabou. Malabou emphasizes the brain's dual capacity for adaptive and destructive plasticity. We will discuss in how far Malabou's ideas provide a more holistic theoretical framework for understanding how digital twins can model the brain's response to injury and pathology, embracing Malabou's concept of both adaptive and destructive plasticity which provides a framework to address such yet incomputable aspects of neuroscience and the sometimes seemingly unfavourable dynamics of neuroplasticityhelping to bridge the gap between theoretical research and clinical practice.
Do people sincerely believe conspiracy theories that they endorse?
Authors: Ross Robert M , Gleeson Kate , Wilson Shaun , Ashton Luke , Levy Neil L
Published: July 2024

Surveys are regularly used to estimate the prevalence of belief in conspiracy theories and test hypotheses about causes and consequences of these beliefs. In such research, it is typically assumed that belief reports are sincere. However, evidence for sincerity is rarely provided. In the present study we examine the issue of participant sincerity in a sample of 1,044 Australians demographically matched to the voting population. We ﬁnd endorsement of six preexisting conspiracy theories to be widespread, with 33.4% of participants (n = 349) endorsing at least one and 5.0% (n = 52) endorsing all of them. However, we identified evidence that not all participants who endorsed these conspiracy theories sincerely believe them. Strikingly, we found that of the 19.6% of participants (n = 205) who failed at least one of two sincerity checks, 63.9% endorsed at least one conspiracy theory (n = 131) and 26.0% (n = 51) endorsed all six, while of the 80.4% of participants (n = 839) who passed both sincerity checks, only 26.0% endorsed at least one conspiracy theory (n = 218) and only 0.1% endorsed all six (n = 1). Overall, our results suggest that a substantial minority of participants answering surveys endorse conspiracy theories that they do not sincerely believe.
Downregulated expression of exosomal long non-coding RNA UCA1 in plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cance
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tu Linh ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Vu Thi Trinh , Le Lan Phuong , Le Trung Tho , Trinh Hong Thai ,   Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Lung Hospital, 463 Hoang Hoa Tham Street, Vinh Phuc Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University - Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan Trung Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: July 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), mainly found in the nucleus of cells, are involved in different gene expression and regulation processes. Growing evidence has shown that abnormalities in the expression levels of lncRNAs play an important role in tumour metastasis, invasion, and proliferation, especially in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LncRNAs were also found to be upregulated or downregulated in exosomes secreted by cancer cells, thus they have the potential to be used as a non-invasive cancer biomarker. In this study, the expression of exosomal lncRNA UCA1 was determined on 29 plasma samples of patients with NSCLC and 29 controls who did not have NSCLC or related lung diseases by quantitative PCR using SYBR Green. Then, statistical analyses were used to evaluate the association between the expression of lncRNA UCA1 and some pathological features of NSCLC. The results showed that lncRNA UCA1 was downregulated in the exosomes of NSCLC patients compared with the control group (p=0.050), especially in the early stage (stage I + II). However, there was no association between the expression of lncRNA UCA1 and some pathological features of NSCLC, such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, tumour size, disease stage, lymph nodes, or tumour metastasis. This study provided the initial data on the expression of exosomal lncRNA UCA1 in the plasma of Vietnamese patients with NSCLC and further studies on the larger samples are needed to be continued.
IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT DAUN KENTANG MENGGUNAKAN FITUR GLCM DAN ALGORITMA MULTI-SVM
Authors: Muhamad Hasan
Published: July 2024

Deteksi dini dengan cara pengklisifikasian daun pada tanaman kentang menjadi salah satu langkah yang menjanjikan menuju ketahanan pangan yang berkelanjutan pada bidang pertanian. Penyakit-penyakit yang menyebabkan kehilangan hasil yang substansial dalam kentang  adalah Phytophthora infestans (late blight) dan Alternaria solani (early blight). Penyakit tersebut dapat mempengaruhi hasil pada tanaman kentang sehingga mengakibatkan gagal panen. Penyakit ini harus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan jenisnya agar bisa mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat. Penyakit ini dapat dikenali secara visual karena memiliki ciri warna dan tekstur yang unik. Tetapi pengamatan secara langsung memiliki beberapa kekurangan seperti subjektifitas serta kurang akurat. Melalui sebuah citra dapat dipelajari informasi mengenai penyakit tanaman tersebut seperti tekstur dan warna. Pengolahan citra adalah salah satu teknik yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi dan mengklasifikasi penyakit daun pada tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem deteksi dini terhadap penyakit tanaman pada daun kentang yang lebih efektif dan bebas dari kesalahan. Dalam peneliatian ini, diusulkan metode  identifikasi penyakit pada daun tanaman kentang berdasarkan fitur tekstur Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix. Ekstraksi fitur tekstur dengan menggunakan metode Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix. Algoritma Multi-SVM dilakukan untuk memproses kalsifikasi dari 3 kategori daun. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi penyakit daun pada tanaman kentang dapat dilakukan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Hasil akurasi rata-rata yang diperoleh mencapai 86,67 % dari tiga kategori daun.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON SRI LANKA'S EXPORT PERFORMANCE: GRAVITY MODEL
Authors: Hettiarachchi G.R.P.
Published: July 2024

Export is an important indicator used to assess the economic state of a nation. Sri Lanka has started a few trade policy reforms aimed at supporting the export industry. Sri Lanka's contribution to global exports is still a very small percentage, nonetheless. It was important to determine how bilateral trade agreements affected export flows between Sri Lanka and its trading partners given the importance of exports in the economy. Thus, using the gravity model of trade, this research investigates the determinants influencing Sri Lanka's exports. The panel dataset used ranged from 2012 to 2021. The results suggest that Sri Lanka’s GDP and Sri Lanka’s trading partner’s GDP had a positive and statistically significant effect on Sri Lanka’s export performance. The geographical distance between the two countries and Sri Lanka’s GDP per capita had a negative and statistically significant effect on export performance in Sri Lanka. The study further showed that Sri Lanka's export performance significantly improved once trade agreements were formed. These findings have significance for the creation of trade policies to make sure Sri Lanka's export potential is utilized to boost economic growth.
DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E ALTAS TEMPERATURAS NO METABOLISMO DA SOJA EM SEMEADURAS ANTECIPADAS
Authors: Ferrari Elisangela , Da Paz Adriano , Carvalho da Silva Andréa
Published: July 2024

A cultura da soja está sujeita a adversidades climáticas durante seu ciclo, sendo isto variável de acordo com a data de semeadura da mesma. No estado de Mato Grosso a semeadura antecipada da soja já é realizada por produtores rurais, estes optam por isso, visando, principalmente, o escape das infecções mais intensas da ferrugem asiática, o melhor escalonamento do plantio e da colheita, maximizando o uso do maquinário, também devido aos melhores preços do grão praticados no inicio da colheita de soja, beneficiando assim a implantação da safrinha (2ª safra). A antecipação da semeadura submete as plantas de soja à déficits hídricos no inicio do ciclo, levando a ocorrência de plantas com pequena estatura, entrenós curtos e consequentemente a perda de produtividade. Mas, existem tecnologias disponíveis ao produtor que amenizam o estresse causado pela escassez de água, garantindo o potencial produtivo, cita-se a utilização de cultivares mais tolerantes ao déficit hídrico, o correto manejo do solo e adubação, a adequada inoculação, o tratamento das sementes, dentre outras. Palavra-chave: estresse hídrico, Glycine Max L., Mato Grosso.   WATER DEFICIT ON THE SOYBEAN METABOLISM IN EARLY SOWINGS ABSTRACT The soybean crop is subject to climatic adversities during their cycle, this being variable according to its sowing date. In the Mato Grosso state early soybean planting is already held by some producers, they opt for this, aiming mainly to escape the most intense infections of soybean rust, the best scheduling of planting and harvesting, maximizing the use of machinery also due to better grain prices prevailing in the first soybeans harvest, and also benefits the off-season implementation (2nd season). The early sowing soybean plants subjected to water deficits at the beginning of their cycle, leading to the occurrence of small stature plants with short internodes and may lead to productivity loss. But there are technologies available to producers to alleviate stress, ensuring the productive potential and may cite the use of tolerant cultivars to water deficit, proper soil management and fertilization, proper inoculation, seed treatment, among others. Keywords: stress, Glycine max L, Mato Grosso. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n01a12
RESISTÊNCIA DE Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.) Backer ex. K. Heynek TRATADO AO ATAQUE DE FUNGOS APODRECEDORES DE MADEIRA
Authors: Costa Alexandre Florian da , Silva Anna Cláudia da , Gouveia Fernando Nunes
Published: July 2024

Foi avaliada a eficiência da espécie Dendrocalamus asper tratada por imersão simples com tetraborato de sódio decahidratado (Bórax) a 2, 3 e 4,7%, tribromofenato de sódio (TBF) a 2 e 4% e água à 100ºC (2 e 4 horas) submetida ao ataque dos fungos Trametes versicolor (podridão branca) e Gloeophyllum trabeum (podridão parda). O ataque dos fungos foi determinado de acordo com a norma ASTM D-2017 (2005). O tratamento com Bórax foi o mais eficiente, sendo classificado como altamente resistente ao ataque de ambos os fungos e concentrações testadas, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as concentrações avaliadas. O tratamento com TBF foi classificado como resistente a ambos os fungos, e também não foi observada diferença significativa entre as concentrações avaliadas. O tratamento com água à 100oC foi o menos eficiente em ambos os períodos avaliados, com as amostras submetidas ao fungo de podridão branca classificadas como resistentes e as submetidas ao de podridão parda como pouco resistentes. As amostras não tratadas apresentaram uma perda de massa semelhante às tratadas com TBF, sendo classificadas como resistente a ambos os fungos apodrecedores. Palavras-chave: Bambu; Tetraborato de sódio decahidratado; Tribromofenato de sódio; Água quente.   RESISTANCE OF Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schut.) Backer ex. K. Heynek TREATED AGAINST WOOD DECAYING FUNGI ABSTRACTThe efficiency of Dendrocalamus asper impregnated by simple immersion with sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Bórax) (2, 3 and 4.7%), sodium tribromophenate (TBF) (2 and 4%) and water 100ºC (2 and 4 hours), against Trametes versicolor (white rot) and Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot) fungi was evaluated. The wood decaying fungi was determined according to ASTM D-2017 standard. Treatment with Bórax was the most efficient being classified as highly resistant against both decaying fungi and concentrations evaluated, not being observed significant difference between concentrations evaluated. Treatment with TBF was classified as resistant against both fungi, and also no significant difference was observed between concentrations. Treatment with water at 100°C was the less efficient in both periods evaluated, with samples submitted against white rot fungus classified as resistant, and against brown rot as moderately resistant. The untreated samples showed a weight loss similar to those treated with TBF and are classified as resistant to both decay fungi. Keywords: Bamboo, Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, Sodium tribromophenate, Hot water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n02a07