bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer culture and post-purchase behavior
Authors: Bushra* Aliya
Published: July 2015

The concept in this study has been derived from different theories from different disciplines. Utility theory by economists, is, every consumer expects some kind of utility from goods or services. Prospect theory has probably done more to bring psychology into the heart of economic analysis than any other approach. Expected utility theory focuses on how decisions under some uncertain situations should be made (a prescriptive approach), whereas prospect theory focuses on certainty of the situation and how decisions are actually made in such conditions (a descriptive approach). The aim of the current study was to determine whether Post-Purchase Regret that is caused among consumers due to internal feelings, which in our case was Compulsive Buying as a result of the Materialistic and Status oriented values prevalent among the people, that affects Post-Purchase Regret which could also caused by Unplanned Buying resulting from external factors. This post-purchase regret is mostly the result of compulsive or unplanned buying, a consumer might not had in mind to buy a certain product but occasionally because of product packaging, sales promotion or even just to make him/herself feel better, compulsively buys a product even though their finances are not capable enough to undergo such purchases. Changing social dynamics in developing countries might create negative circumstances for individuals, such circumstances might lead to compulsive buying being an escape solution for the individual, a condition similar to consumers in the western world. Despite the cultural differences, consumers from developing countries share some common tendencies and behaviors with consumers in advanced economies with respect to compulsive buying. The increasing prevalence of compulsive buying in different cultures indicates that it is not solely a Western problem. Due to the potential negative consequences of compulsive buying with regards to the evidence available in the developing countries, it is imperative to research on compulsive buying within the Pakistani context to find out whether the instances of compulsive buying are currently present in Pakistan or not, and if so, whether it has spread on a large scale as to effect the lives of the consumers in a negative way as it did in the western world or not. A sample of 308 college students filled the questionnaires for this study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) we found a significant impact of materialism; passion defined success, acquisitions as the pursuit of happiness and acquisition centrality, on compulsive buying leading to a significant impact on Post-Purchase Regret.
Does affective commitment positively predict employee performance?: Evidence from the banking industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Sardana Islam
Published: July 2015

The role, effect and importance of affective commitment is predicted to be contingent to context in many extant literatures. However, no study has yet explored the disposition of contextual influence on affective commitment-job performance link. This study is designed to observe the difficulty of psychologically disassociating the affective commitment construct from other types of commitments (normative or continuance) among the respondents of a complex and rarely explored context of Bangladeshi banking industry. This case study is the first one to examine the institutional context for its possible influence on the link between affective commitment and job performance in two banks in Bangladesh for the purpose of literal replication. This study uses information from interviews and focus group discussions among 53 participants and survey results of 436 respondents from the selected banks. The qualitative findings preceded and informed the survey and helped to explain the quantitative findings in this multi-method study. The qualitative data has been analysed using recursive abstraction technique and thematic analysis. Structural equation modelling (in AMOS21) has been used to analyse the quantitative survey data. The results show that the external and internal contexts of the banks have considerable impact on the nature, perception and effect of affective commitment among the respondents on their job performance. Moreover, it is observed that affective commitment does not positively predict employee performance in the case study banks. Qualitative findings from interview and focus group discussions have explained why committed employees may not be the high performers and high performing employees may not be committed. The policy implication for the HR practitioners is that, adopting unfair HR systems may lead to undesirable retention of a genuinely committed but mediocre workforce incapable to get other job offers or low affective commitment and retention rate of high performing employees. Essentially, the banks should avoid unsystematic and non-transparent recruitment and selection practices, performance management system and compensation policy. In addition, the management should strategically align the career development opportunities to the organisational goals in order to ensure meaningful affective commitment that may lead to higher job performance.
The determinant of faculty attitude to academic (over-) work load: An econometric analysis
Authors: Khan Mamun* Shamsul Arifeen , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Danaher Patrick Alan
Published: July 2015

Whilst educational managers and entrepreneurs are expanding online education opportunities, at least some academics are becoming less enthusiastic about the initiative. As a result, a complex and in many ways contested working environment for academics is emerging in tertiary institutions. Some academics are showing dissatisfaction with their workload. Scholars argue that academics’ job satisfaction is highly correlated with students’ learning outcomes. While economists advocate the expansion of online education in the context of rising costs of university education in economics literature, the psychological states of teaching academics are overlooked in economics literature. Attitudes to academic (over-)workload are a psychological issue in tertiary education, particularly in universities globally where online education has a strong presence. This paper deals with teachers’ attitude at an Australia university. This study explains the variations in academics’ attitudes to (over-)workload at an Australian university. For this study we have used primary data collected from a single Australian university - University of Southern Queensland (USQ) - during the period of February-March 2014. The total population size for this study is approximately 400 (four hundred), who are distributed across the then five faculties of the university. The data are collected online. In response to our online survey invitation, 83 (eighty-three) participating academics has taken part in the survey. We have used Likert-type data, where the scale of measurement is represented by ordinal numbers. Research methods used in this study are descriptive analysis of data and inferential statistics based on probit regression. The estimated coefficients of the regression analysis show that three variables are statistically significant at the 5 per cent level. These variables are: the use of the Internet per week, the native language (English) status and the academic qualification status. However, the estimates of the marginal effect show that because of a change of native English status from zero to one, an academic is 23 per cent more likely to be strongly agreed with the statement – online teaching increases academic workload. This implies that attitudes to academic (over-)workload vary among the academics. The policy implication is that education administrators will have to give attention to the working conditions of the academics in order to expand online education successfully.
Environmental reporting in the UK, Australia, and South African multinational companies
Authors: Farooque Omar Al , Ahulu Helena
Published: July 2015

Disclosure is an important communication channel that can enhance corporate transparency and accountability and improve engagement with numerous stakeholders. Corporate environmental disclosure has garnered attention globally in recent years across multiple stakeholders groups including businesses, investors, watch groups and legislative branches of governments etc. for its far-reaching social and economic implications. It has become a major challenge for business organizations to address and deal with environmental issues, in particular for multinational enterprises as part of their legitimacy and meeting stakeholders’ expectations. Again, the need for stakeholders’ response to corporate environmental reports has been reiterated in extant literature; however there remains lack of adequate response from stakeholders for the inability for corporations to identify specific environmental issues that stakeholders expect companies to disclose to assure them of corporate legitimacy. To respond to this gap, this study contributes to knowledge by highlighting specific areas of importance which companies in both developed and emerging economies can address in order to encourage report users and stakeholders to positively respond to their assured environmental reports. This study, therefore, focuses on environmental disclosure in multinational companies in both developed (Australia and United Kingdom) and emerging (South Africa) economies. Building on both legitimacy and stakeholders’ theories and Global Reporting initiative (GRI) disclosure guidelines (G3), the study applies hierarchical regression modelling to examine the influences of stakeholder, legitimacy, financial and demographic variables on the ‘preservation’, ‘responsibility’ and ‘initiatives’ aspects of environmental disclose of 67 companies operating in these three countries over a period of two years from 2008 to 2009. Empirical results indicated that return on assets and industry sector were significantly predictive of both preservation and responsibility components. Again, firm age was predictive of preservation and initiatives components, while assurance was predictive of initiatives and responsibility components. On the other hand, firm size and board structure were predictive of only the initiatives component and not the preservation and responsibility components. However, diversification, ownership, internal policy, other financial variables appear to have no influence on any environmental components. These findings have implications for companies, investors, policy makers and stakeholders at large. Environmentally sensitive companies could be encouraged to allocate more resources in order to increase their environmental activities and disclosure. From a policy perspective, the results could form part of the inputs to be considered in the future GRI guidelines. Similarly, policy makers also can take note in formulating environmental policies to address both social and economic implications.
Parental styles and closeness to the domestic servant as perceived by the children of Qatar
Authors: Khalifa Batoul , Nasser Ramzi
Published: July 2015

Many domestic servants live and work in Qatar. The domestic servants are asked to care for children in addition to the house work. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between domestic servants and children in Qatari homes and the mediation of this relationship by negative parenting styles. A set of questions was developed along three main themes: the affiliation of children to domestic servants, fear and anxiety and sharing of personal matters. Based on factor analysis, a measure of closeness of children to domestic servants was created. A set of endogenous and exogenous variables was used to predict this measured relation using a stepwise regression equation. The endogenous variables measured the parenting styles as perceived by the children. The exogenous variables measured the background information of the domestic servants. The main predictive variables were parents demeaning of children by their parents and the mother’s lack of attention or presence as perceived by the children. The main exogenous variables of knowledge of language and years of employment were also strong predictors because the domestic servants may have worked a number of years in the homes, which made the children more easily attracted to the servants. Further studies must begin to address the impact of parenting on children’s behavior. The pressures of home and child care have led to a number of suicides and psychological and traumatic experiences of exploitation and abuse among domestic servants. Policy makers must begin to address family management and family support issues and rights of domestic servants in custodial setting. Any future studies should address the conditions of domestic servants and children, those affected the most.
Not all smooth sailing: Barriers to small business success for owner/managers from Middle Eastern communities in Melbourne
Authors: Pitrus Widad
Published: July 2015

There has been very little international research on Arab entrepreneurs from the Middle East, who began to land on American shores during the late 1880s and on other parts of the world for decades. Little attention has also been given to Arab entrepreneurs from the Middle East, who began to land on Australian shores during the late 1860s, and who have been greatly contributing to the Australian economy and cultural diversity for almost 150 years. Thus, in an attempt to fill the gap, this paper investigates barriers to small business success, using a sample of Middle Eastern communities in Melbourne, Australia, specifically the Lebanese, Egyptian and Iraqi communities, the three largest in the state of Victoria with developed community infrastructures. Unfortunately, a list of the total target population did not conveniently exist for sampling purposes; and it was impractical to compile such a list, therefore, cluster sampling was utilized, particularly, area sampling, as geographic areas were identified. For pragmatic reasons, and to enhance representativeness of the sample, PPS technique was used to identify the proportion of each sample for each community for interviews. Thus, around ten per cent (n=16) in proportion to the total number of working population (N=165) were subsequently interviewed. Individual in-depth, semi-structured and audiotaped interviews were conducted using a list of open-ended questions relating to the barriers to business success. Interviews were manually content-analyzed using conventional content analysis and constant comparative methods. Thus, the analysis of participants’ comments reflected the following barriers to business success: (i) dealing with difficult people; (ii) loss of support sources; (iii) personal idiosyncrasies of the owner/managers; (iv) financial barriers; (v) lack of specific business experience; and (vi) others. The analysis of participants’ comments also indicated that dealing with difficult people as a barrier to business success was further analysed into (A) extended family, friends and people from own community, (B) employees and (C) customers, the other five barriers could not be analysed further. Quotations and excerpts from interviews were used to facilitate understanding interviewees’ points of view, as well as to illustrate and support each the first and the second levels of analysis for each of the barriers. This study lies in its contribution to academic literature, and its results should improve understanding of entrepreneurial behavioral patterns through the development of teaching and training programs, which can assist government and relevant bodies in introducing public policy that helps improve entrepreneurs’ success.
Stock market development and economic growth: Evidence from Mauritius
Authors: Matadeen* Jeevita , Seetanah Boopen
Published: July 2015

In the recent past, with the phenomenal growth of equity markets, a burgeoning number of policy makers and researchers began to query about the possible impact that equity market development might have on economic growth. Indeed, an overwhelming number of studies have been carried out worldwide to investigate the links which might exist between stock market development and economic growth. As a result, this has strengthened the view that stock markets around the world play a key role in fueling a powerful and resilient economy. However, most of these studies have focused solely on developed countries and not on developing countries or small island developing economies like Mauritius. As such, since studies analyzing this link in the African region are rather scant, this paper endeavors to scrutinize the relationship between equity market development and economic growth in Mauritius. To this end, this paper analyzes the relationship between stock market development, banking development and economic growth in a unified framework using semi-annual data for the period 1988-2011, through a dynamic Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM is used extensively to determine the link between stock market development and economic growth while simultaneously allowing identification of any bi-directional and/or uni-directional causality between the variables of interest. Moreover, this model divulges both the direct and the indirect impacts, if any, which stock market development might have on economic growth. Possible determinants of stock market development and the effect of stock market development on the control variables are also analyzed through the VECM. The results suggest that stock market development does play an important role in generating gains in terms of economic growth in the long run in the island. In the short run however, stock market development fails to significantly boost economic growth in Mauritius. Moreover, stock market development is also seen to indirectly stimulate economic growth in the short run, through banking development. Interestingly, banking development is seen to have a positive impact on economic growth, both in the short run and in the long run. This indicates that banking development and stock market development both complement each other. As such, it is believed that further steps have to be taken to promote stock market development in the island, with the aim of boosting both the economy and the banking sector in the long run.
Towards an understanding of the effect of leadership on employee wellbeing and organizational outcomes in Australian universities
Authors: Samad Ataus
Published: July 2015

Leadership is increasingly becoming a major research focus in both the corporate and higher education sector (HES). Previous studies have shown that different leadership styles play a significant role in promoting both employee wellbeing and organizational outcomes. However, at present there is a lack of clear understanding of how leadership style, employee wellbeing and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention concurrently interact in the HES context, particularly within Australian regional university settings. A review of leadership studies literature also suggests that researchers have either focused on the relationship between a specific leadership style and wellbeing; leadership styles and organizational outcomes, or the relationship between wellbeing and organizational outcomes. However, rarely do empirical studies examine all three concurrently. More expansive and pluralist research approaches are needed if we are to better understand the contextual complexities of leadership in the current HES. For a complex organization such as a university, an effective way of examining leadership may be by applying leadership theories that examine a diverse range of leadership styles that may have both positive and negative outcomes. The Full Range of Leadership Theory (FRLT) examines transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles within a single continuum that may provide a way to concurrently examine how these differing leadership styles may impact on leadership effectiveness in the HES context. In this review paper, drawn from a current PhD study, contexts for leadership practice in HES today will be explored, then leadership studies literature more generally will be reviewed to locate amenable leadership approaches for this work. Lastly, possibilities for leadership approaches that concurrently address issues of wellbeing and outcomes will be discussed. Specifically, the FRLT will be used as a frame to examine transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership approaches within a single continuum as to identify how FRLT may differ from or concur with leadership theories and approaches understood more generally to fit within post-heroic leadership studies standpoints.
The Order of Knowing: Juan Luis Vives on Language, Thought, and the Topics
Authors: Nauta Lodi
Published: July 2015

This article seeks to locate Vives’s work in the tradition of humanist thought that criticized the linguistic and philosophical abstraction of the scholastics. After discussing Vives’s views on language and knowledge as functions of man’s biological nature, the article argues that for Vives the topics, as seats of argumentation, are a reflection of the ontological order and as such an instrument and heuristic aid for the human mind. They form a grid through which knowledge can be acquired and arguments be formulated. The topics bridge the world of (unknown) essences and man’s epistemic categories.
The Ageing of Information: From Particular to Particulate
Authors: Duguid Paul
Published: July 2015

In 1778, Vicesimus Knox declared his time the “Age of Information,” suggesting, in a fashion recognizable today, that the period had severed connections with prior ages. This paper examines Knox’s claim by exploring changes in conceptions of information across the eighteenth century. It notes in particular shifts in the concept’s personal and political implications, reflected in the different ways information is used from Locke at the beginning of the century to Godwin at the end, and manifest to some degree in Knox’s own political radicalisation.
Notices
Authors: Prize Morris D. Forkosch
Published: July 2015

Announcement of Morris D. Forkosch book prize competition and Selma V. Forkosch article prize competition. Announcement of 2016-2017 fellowships at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey. Announcement of the inauguration of the Institute of Intellectual History, University of St Andrews.
Quiet War in Germany: Friedrich Schelling and Friedrich Schleiermacher
Authors: Purvis Zachary
Published: July 2015

In the early 1800s, two figures foundational to modern intellectual life, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Friedrich Schleiermacher, engaged in what they called a “quiet war,” stemming from Schelling’s famous lectures on the method of academic study and Schleiermacher’s reaction. This paper argues that their “quiet war” resulted in a powerful synthesis that transformed the German university model and German Protestant and Catholic university theology until the dawn of the twentieth century. Schleiermacher sharply criticized and then in essence adopted the program of Schelling’s lectures. Their disagreements masked deeper commonalities, which together contributed to theology’s historicization in the nineteenth century.
Between Tradition and Revolution: The Curious Case of Francisco Martínez Marina, the Cádiz Constitution, and Spanish Liberalism
Authors: Westler Brendon
Published: July 2015

Histories of liberalism have neglected the existence of a distinctive Spanish liberalism. Influenced in part by British and French thinkers, Spanish liberals also sought to reconnect Spanish political thought with the tradition of the Scholastics. The resulting liberalism combined the two traditions, incorporating both individualist and communitarian features. This article exhibits this unique liberalism through an examination of Francisco Martínez Marina and the 1812 Constitution which he influenced. A proper understanding of this work is important both for developing a more comprehensive understanding of liberalism’s history and for its subsequent influence in Spain and Spanish America.
Liberty as a Caricature: Bentham’s Antidote to Republicanism
Authors: Elazar Yiftah
Published: July 2015

This article reconsiders Bentham’s theory of liberty in relation to republican and democratic ideas in the Age of Revolution. It reinterprets his jurisprudential definitions of liberty as ideological weapons intended to “cut the throat” of pro-American and proto-democratic discourse. In particular, his negative definition of individual liberty and his democratic and international definitions of political liberty were designed and used to caricature and draw to absurdity the republican ideal of self-government. The early Bentham, according to this interpretation, was a subversive critic of republicanism, who occupied its language of liberty and security while trying to neutralize its democratic potential.
“Science Organized”: Positivism and the Metaphysical Club, 1865–1875
Authors: Pearce Trevor
Published: July 2015

In this paper, I explore the work of several positivists involved with the “Metaphysical Club” of Cambridge, Massachusetts in the early 1870s—Fiske, Wright, and Abbot. Like the logical positivists of the 1930s, these philosophers were forced to answer a key question: with so many of its traditional domains colonized by science and so many of its traditional questions dismissed as metaphysical or useless, what is left for philosophy to do? One answer they gave was that philosophy could unify the sciences. As Fiske put it, “positive philosophy is science organized.”
“A Principle of Universal Strife”: Ricoeur and Merleau-Ponty’s Critiques of Marxist Universalism, 1953–1956
Authors: Chouraqui Frank
Published: July 2015

The early 1950s revealed that communist regimes too engaged in power politics, leading some in the French left to examine the theoretical requirements for the constitution of a “noncommunist left.” This paper analyses the response of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Paul Ricoeur to their shared diagnosis that the current failings of communist regimes required a reexamination of political difference. Ricoeur’s alternative is to present difference as positive, and overcome mystically. Merleau-Ponty, regards difference as determining the structure of all history as a process of power leading into a renewed concept of universalism: “a principle of universal strife.”
History with an Impact: The Most Cited Articles in the Journal of Library History and Its Successors over the Past Fifty Years
Authors: Goedeken Edward A.
Published: July 2015

The Journal of Library History established itself in 1966 as a leading venue for publishing scholarship addressing libraries and librarianship. In recognition of the journal’s 50th anniversary, this study uses data derived from Google Scholar to identify the articles in JLH and its successors that have been cited most often. Additionally, this essay reveals the journal has contained scholarship that cites library history both inside and outside the discipline of library and information science.
What Happens When You Push This?: Toward a History of the Not-So-Easy Button
Authors: Plotnick Rachel
Published: July 2015

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—well before concepts like usability, user-centered design, or human factors existed—producers and consumers began negotiating issues about pushing buttons. This article details the conflicts that occurred between creators and their users around the push-button interface. While button enthusiasts imagined a new breed of user who could control, communicate, and consume with the simple touch of a finger, reports of actual experiences tell a different story about first-generation button pressers. The study interrogates how rhetoric about buttons as “easy” persists today, overwriting complexities and challenges that occur when interacting with information and communication technologies.
Information in the Novel and the Novel as Information System: Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit and Margaret Drabble’s Radiant Way Trilogy
Authors: Colatrella Carol
Published: July 2015

Each realist novel collects, interprets, and transmits information about what it means to be human in a certain time and place. Part of information history, realist novels help us understand the psychology of human beings and the dynamics of their political and social interactions. Although fictional, novels contain information about material conditions, social customs and values, the organization of institutions, and individual perceptions and identities. Readers understand that each novel includes, constitutes, and transmits information. Novels are not reference books; rather, they are “information systems” that describe fictional worlds with critical relevance to our understanding of history, politics, social organization, and individual development. Describing material conditions, information in the realist novel outlines socioeconomic and political conditions and problems. This essay looks at two cases: Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit (1855–57) and Margaret Drabble’s Radiant Way trilogy of novels— The Radiant Way (1987), A Natural Curiosity (1989), and The Gates of Ivory (1991). These works offer accounts and critiques of social hierarchies and inequities by incorporating historical and social information into their overall thematics of plot, character, and setting.
The Djogdja Documenten: The Dutch-Indonesian Relationship Following Independence through an Archival Lens
Authors: Karabinos Michael
Published: July 2015

This article is an overview of a story highlighting a collection of displaced archives caused by the decolonization process. In the midst of Indonesian revolution against Dutch colonial rule, the intelligence agency of the Dutch army seized official documents from Indonesian government offices that would become known as the Djogdja Documenten. Despite coming from various sources originally, these documents were transformed into a single collection through the act of Dutch seizure. By reviewing the documents in question, searching for references to them in literature, and doing research in the archive of the National Archives of the Netherlands, I follow the postindependence relationship between the two countries starting just after the transfer of sovereignty, through President Sukarno’s anticolonial “Guided Democracy” period, and ending with President Suharto’s New Order and the increase in diplomacy between the two countries.
Paper, Information, and Identity in 1920s America
Authors: Robertson Craig
Published: July 2015

In the first half of the twentieth century, the increasing use of documents to record everyday interactions generated information that became the basis of official identification practices. Based on this change, this article makes two arguments: (1) the increased use of documents in identification redefined identity in terms of procedure (systematic recordkeeping), and (2) it made concrete a relatively new conception of information as a “substance” that had presence in the world and was objective. Thus, the objectivity that became central to identification was tied to an object, to paper, that facilitated an understanding that these documents “contained” objective information.
Vulnerable and Invisible: Impact of Hurricane Activity on a Peasant Population in a Mountainous Region on the Mexican Pacific Coast
Authors: Segundo-Métay Itzi , Bocco Gerardo
Published: July 2015

Esta investigación ilustra las consecuencias del impacto del huracán “Manuel” en una pequeña localidad costera del Pacífico mexicano. El artículo aborda las siguientes temáticas: la incidencia espacial de los huracanes sobre el medio rural mexicano, los eventos previos que han afectado el área de estudio y algunos enfoques sobre la vulnerabilidad y capacidad de respuesta social a las catástrofes. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de que los huracanes afectan frecuentemente el área, no existen sistemas de alerta o de mitigación efectivos. La falta de acciones gubernamentales promueve lo que describimos como vulnerabilidad intensificada por motores gubernamentales. Las poblaciones en el área de estudio, al igual que en regiones similares, quedan entonces más expuestas a eventos de esta naturaleza.
Los sustentos del café, el uso de suelo y las políticas de re-regulación en el centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Hausermann Heidi , Hernández Mónica P.
Published: July 2015

During the 1990s coffee farmers’ livelihoods were transformed as a result of political-economic changes in the industry. Coffee farmers in Veracruz, Mexico were doubly impacted: they suffered from low coffee prices and the withdrawal of state subsidies. These changes inspired new livelihood strategies; this article documents such strategies in two central Veracruz communities. Moreover, through ethnography with coffee farmers and government officials, we show how the practices of producers and state authorities combined to produce new trajectories in state-led development and governance.
Ideas cambiantes sobre territorio, recursos y redes políticas en la Amazonía indígena: un estudio de caso sobre Perú
Authors: Leal Diego B. , Salisbury David S. , Fernández Josué Faquín , Pezo Lizardo Cauper , Silva Julio
Published: July 2015

The titling of territory was the principal objective of the Peruvian Amazon’s indigenous political movement over the past four decades. Despite more than eighty communities in the Ucayali region still without legal title, the regional indigenous movement increasingly focuses on strengthening governance over already titled territory. We explore a growing emphasis on forestry production in the discourse of indigenous rights in Ucayali. Networks of indigenous leaders have produced environmental discourses to forge new relationships between their communities and Ucayali’s extractive economy. Our analysis of eighty interviews and testimonies of indigenous leaders and community members demonstrates the value of exploring resource management in titled territories to inform current agendas for untitled communities. Natural resource extraction from the forests and waterways of indigenous communities creates much of the conflict over indigenous land titling.
At Home or to the Dump?: Household Garbage Management and the Trajectories of Waste in a Rural Mexican Municipio
Authors: Hilburn Andrew M.
Published: July 2015

El manejo de la basura es un asunto humano-ambiental clave en México. Sin embargo, la investigación actual se falta un énfasis en la vivienda como un actor clave y también sesga contextos urbanos sobre los rurales. Éste estudio muestra, utilizando una encuesta de 520 viviendas en el rural Municipio de Coxcatlán, Puebla, una geografía del manejo de basura más compleja, con aceso variable á recolección formal y un enfoque provisional al manejo de basura por las viviendas. Los resultados identifican una trayectoria bifurcada de basura a través del municipio mientras que llamar la atención a sus impactos sociales y ambientales.
A Second Act in Rural Migration in Western Pará: Rural Out-Migration and the Legacy of Amazon Colonization
Authors: Richards Peter D. , VanWey Leah K.
Published: July 2015

Nesta pesquisa consideramos emigração rural a partir de dois locais de estudo no oeste do Pará, na Bacia Amazônica. Aqui nós argumentamos que a emigração é fortemente influenciada pelo contexto histórico, e pelas instituições de legado associadas com o período da colonização de cada site. Apoiamos nosso argumento com dados longitudinais coletados dos arredores rurais das cidades de Altamira e Santarém. Nossos dados sugerem que a emigração rural é significativamente maior de Altamira, o local de estudo mais recentemente colonizado. Eles também indicam que as medidas de riqueza, incluindo o acesso ao gado, propriedade e habitações urbanas, artefatos dos períodos institucionais em que os dois locais de estudo foram fundadas, agora exibem influências altamente divergentes sobre as decisões de migração. Nós, então, argumentamos que o legado dos contextos institucionais e históricos que anteriormente formaram in-migração a Bacia Amazônica oriental, atualmente, estão formando a emigração rural da região.
Cultura y Apropiación del Espacio: Diferencias en los Paisajes Culturales de Menonitas y Mestizos de Chihuahua, México
Authors: Peña Luis Carlos Bravo , Cejudo Luis Carlos Alatorre , Caravantes Rolando Enrique Díaz , Wiebe Lara C. , Murrieta Ramón L. Moreno
Published: July 2015

This work compares the landscapes built by Mennonites and Mestizos of Chihuahua, Mexico. This comparison was made through the characterization of land cover and land use, and by obtaining landscape ecology metrics in plots of both social groups. The results show that the Mennonites have built more intensive agricultural landscapes, in a process of organization and appropriation of space linked to their history and religion. These findings help to understand the evolution of cultural landscapes in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, where there are colonies of Mennonite population, or where their immigration continues.
La integración continental sudamericana, inscripción espacial y dispositivo discursivo. Apuntes desde Bolivia, el país de contactos
Authors: Bruslé Laetitia Perrier
Published: July 2015

Since the 1990s, regional integration has been back on the South American agenda. This paper is based on the hypothesis that the integration of each South American country into regional alliances is always evaluated in terms of national priorities. Starting from this premise, I demonstrate that all integration projects are paradoxical. Indeed, they are national project and they’re transformed when reaching continental scale. In Bolivia, the narrative of the “connection country” is a fundamental dimension of popular, practical and formal geopolitics. Ubiquitous from educational narratives to political speeches, this narrative describes Bolivia as the heart of South America. It has been for decades a forceful discourse based on the idea that the country’s future can only be secured by its political, economic and infrastructural insertion into the continent. All Bolivian continental integration projects since the end of the Chaco war (1935) have endorsed this story. The permanency of this narrative is useful to understand today’s Bolivia. It also provides insight into regional integrations themselves showing the relationship between their narrative and their geographical backgrounds. There are two kind of integration projects. Economic integration gives priority to opening borders and market enlargement and political integration that aims to strengthen continental political capacity. When economic logic prevails, territorial opening becomes the priority. However when integrations have political ambitions, the strengthening of a continental block gives priority to re-territorialization centered on spaces with high identity.
Procesos participativos intramunicipales como pasos hacia la gobernanza local en territorios periurbanos. La experiencia en el municipio de Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
Authors: Poncela Lorena , Vieyra Antonio , Méndez-Lemus Yadira
Published: July 2015

Urban sprawl on the periphery of cities generates new dynamic and heterogeneous peri-urban spaces. The municipality of Tarimbaro, Michoacán, has experienced rapid urbanization resulting from the expansion of Morelia, the neighboring midium-size city. This has provoked a significant reduction of agricultural systems and environmental and social impacts. Due to this, management capacities of local government have been exceeded, thus promoting institutional capacity building is a priority. This study proposes to do so through participatory intra-municipal processes. For this, participatory mapping was undertaken with local government actors to locate changes caused by urbanization. Priority areas in the territory and social capital among participants were identified. The method contributes positively to the process of local governance by supporting the capacity building of a government with these characteristics.
Melville, Mathematics, and Platonic Idealism
Authors: Turpin Zachary
Published: July 2015

Throughout his writings, Melville expresses an abiding amateur interest in the foundations of mathematics. In this article, I analyze his mathematical conceits and meta-mathematical discussions, relating them to his metaphysics. Having received a solid early education in math, Melville often alludes to mathematics in his writings, at first for its philosophical connections to Platonic idealism, and later as an illustration of relativism and epistemological frustration. Yet, even after his philosophical disillusionment, subtleties in Melville’s mathematical conceits reveal his lingering connection to Platonism. Ultimately, Melville’s attention to math helps clarify his relationship to art, science, and philosophy, while aptly anticipating a period of upheaval in late nineteenth-century mathematics.
Newly Deciphered Erased and Faded Inscriptions in Melville’s Copy of the Commedia
Authors: Olsen-Smith Steven , Preminger Joshua
Published: July 2015

This article transcribes and analyzes newly recovered inscriptions in Herman Melville’s copy of Dante’s Commedia , or The Vision , as translated by Henry Francis Cary. Evidence consists of an erased and overwritten notation on “the Monk’s Vision,” an alleged manuscript source for the Commedia ; a superimposed and partially-erased notation that excerpts and responds to Walter Savage Landor’s criticism of The Inferno ; and faded inscriptions illustrating (1) Melville’s use of the image of the Trinity in the final canto of Paradise (and of Cary’s accompanying commentary on Plato) as source material for crafting his own “Vision” episode in chapter 188 of Mardi , “Babbalanja Relates to Them a Vision,” and (2) an extrapolation of the late President John Quincy Adams’s position on slavery, and its correspondence to reflections on the subject in chapter 162 of Mardi , “They visit the extreme South of Vivenza.” Through recovery of the inscriptions listed above, and in the absence of surviving manuscript documents for these two chapters, this article contributes to knowledge of Melville’s source use by offering new facts about the effect of Melville’s interpretation of Dante on his philosophically and religiously ambitious third novel.
Newly Recovered Erased Annotations in Melville’s Marginalia to Milton’s Poetical Works
Authors: Norberg Peter , Olsen-Smith Steven , Marnon Dennis C.
Published: July 2015

First transcribed in 2002 by Grey et al., Herman Melville’s marginalia in his two-volume set of The Poetical Works of John Milton (Hilliard, Gray, 1836) include numerous erasures that have up to now remained imperfectly deciphered or completely unrecovered. Recent digitization of the set by Princeton University Library for Melville’s Marginalia Online has made possible a new examination of the erased content using digital imaging, layering, and filtering techniques. This note provides readings and analyses of six fully- and near-fully-recovered erased annotations to Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained . One of these, a nineteen-line erased note appended by Melville to the latter poem, sheds light on Melville’s well-known annotation to a passage in the former, involving “Adam’s fall” and the “created superiority” of the Son in Milton’s theology. Melville’s later self-deprecating dismissal of this annotation suggests that he himself performed most or all of the erasures in the set, and that his response to Milton’s thought and writing fluctuated significantly over the course of at least three documentable readings. The newly recovered marginalia illuminate Melville’s changing conception of Milton’s poetry over the course of his career, providing new insight on his response to Milton’s style, his theological views, and his characterization of Satan.
Mahomet’s Gospel and Other Revelations: Discovering Melville’s Hand in The Works of William E. Channing
Authors: Coleman Dawn
Published: July 2015

This essay announces the discovery of Herman Melville’s erased annotation in Elizabeth Shaw Melville’s copy of the six-volume Works of William E. Channing , as well as the presence of hundreds of unattributed markings in this set, some of which may be in Herman’s hand. It describes the collaborative process of recovering the four-line erased annotation, in which Melville challenges Channing’s argument in “The Evidences of Revealed Religion” that Jesus’s obscure origins, followed by his unlikely success at founding a world religion, point to his divine mission; Melville queries whether one might make the same point about “Mahomet,” who after age 40 began to preach his “Gospel.” This essay argues that Melville’s perception of Muhammad’s obscure background, unsupported by the biographical information in previously identified sources for his knowledge of Muhammad, is traceable to his 1849 reading of the entry on “Mahomet” in Pierre Bayle’s Historical and Critical Dictionary , presented here as a new source for his understanding of Islam. Melville may have erased this annotation himself after reading in 1850 Thomas Carlyle’s On Heroes (1841) or Washington Irving’s Mahomet and His Successors (1850), both of which emphasize Muhammad’s high rank and early advantages. This possible self-editing invites scholars to rethink erasures and excisions elsewhere in Melville’s library.
Three Newly Discovered Reviews of The Confidence-Man
Authors: Hayes Kevin J.
Published: July 2015

The hitherto unrecorded reviews of The Confidence-Man reproduced and discussed here help to expand our understanding of Melville’s last extended work of fiction, revealing some of the complexities involved in its critical reception. Instead of merely expressing their like or dislike of the book, reviewers often got caught up in the book’s moral ambiguities.
Bartleby’s Screen
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: July 2015

Bartleby holds or occupies space. He sits behind a folding screen, stands in a dead wall reverie, and remains so physical that he stands before the other clerks as an unwelcome tenant, an idler who has nonetheless laid claim to property. Though supremely embodied, a ruined column or an object whose sound behind the screen is most like the scrape of his chair, he takes on all the qualities of a phantom. Both chattel and real estate, movable and immovable, material and immaterial, affixed to the office as if part of its very walls, Bartleby reveals something about the ends of the law, once returned to the claims of spirit.

What happens to the person who exists in dialogue with walls? Who stands only to bear witness to his own incapacitation? In self-willed ascesis, Bartleby stands forth as if a monk, a body worked up into spirit, a ghost of impairment that becomes the host of plenitude. What is the meaning of the portable green screen, first put up by the narrator so that he can command as if a disembodied voice, and then removed, leaving Bartleby the motionless occupant of a room? In this time of unrelenting taxonomies, when persons became things—either perishables in the market or fixtures on land—and where felons died in law but lived in fact, Bartleby stands at the limit screen or chancel of these categories, destabilizing the definitions crucial not only to property in slaves but to the regulatory beneficence of civil society.

What first seems phantasmagoric is locked into a nature lived as a spectacle of servitude and possession. What we turned into ghosts originated in the legal language of property and persons. These juridical inventions, once summoned in the name of order and civility, were presented as the most natural, the most reasonable things in the world. As I move through these habitats of law’s creatures, I offer grounds for the gothic, a hybrid place into which are seeded legal fictions, spiritual beliefs, and historical fragments. The very notions of character, metaphor, and motive are there transfigured.