bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Provisions Apply to an Application to Change the License to Operate a Pharmacy Submitted after the Amendment to the Pharmaceutical Law. Approving Commentary on the Judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court of 18 April 2023 (II GSK 1374/19, Legalis no. 2920530; II GSK 1387/19, Legalis no. 2920524; II GSK 1452/19, Legalis no. 2920525; II GSK 719/20, Legalis no. 2957356; II GSK 720/20, Legalis no. 2957357)
Authors: Rogalski Maciej
Published: January 2025

On 18 April 2023, the Supreme Administrative Court issued five judgments in cases with reference numbers: II GSK 1374/19, II GSK 1387/19, II GSK 1452/19, II GSK 719/20 and II GSK 720/20. All cases concerned general partnerships operating pharmacies. In these cases, the issue giving rise to the dispute was the possibility of replacing the existing partners by persons who are not pharmacists or a partnership of pharmacists, as referred to in Article 99 (4) of the Act of 6 September 2001 – Pharmaceutical Law (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2022, item 2301, as amended). The entity running the pharmacy obtained a permit before this provision was amended by the Act of 7 April 2017 amending the Pharmaceutical Law (Journal of Laws 2017, item 1015), but requested its amendment after the entry into force of this amendment. In three cases (reference numbers: II GSK 1374/19, II GSK 1387/19 and II GSK 1452/19), the Voivodeship Administrative Court overturned the decisions of the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector refusing to change the permit to operate a pharmacy, which involved changing the persons running the pharmacy. However, in the other two cases (reference numbers II GSK 719/20 and II GSK 720/20), the Voivodeship Administrative Court dismissed the appeals against the decision of the Chief Pharmaceutical Inspector refusing to change the permit to operate a pharmacy and introducing another person. The Supreme Administrative Court overturned the contested judgments of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in three cases and upheld them in the remaining two cases. The commentary on the five judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court is approving.
The application of the non-quadratic regularization method for direction finding and adaptive signal processing
Authors: Ivanov N.М.
Published: January 2025

The paper considers the issues of detection, spatial localization, and isolation of individual radio signals from their additive mixture received by the elements of an antenna array with digital signal processing. To solve the above issues, the method of non-quadratic regularization is applied in the signal model, which takes into account signal delays on the antenna array elements to a first approximation. Using the Lagrange multiplier method, the adaptive estimates of signals were obtained and a direction finding function was constructed. The function maxima are identified with the directions to the radiation sources. An effective method for iterative solution of the problem in Lp space for any p values is proposed. The simulation results are set out for p = 1, demonstrating the possibility of detecting and estimating the parameters of weak signals. The signal level does not exceed the noise and interference level against the background of interfering intense radiation sources. The proposed method can significantly increase the effectiveness of solving problems of detecting and direction finding signals from stationary objects and tracking mobile objects both in the traditional single-site radio monitoring systems and passive location radio systems.
Switched preselector of a multichannel receiver
Authors: Litvinov M.S. , Zikiy A.N. , Dyomochkin A.I.
Published: January 2025

The development of wideband radio receivers is an important technical task, and its solution is being addressed by numerous enterprises and researchers. Among the well-known enterprises-developers of professional radio-receiving devices it is necessary to mention ANII "Vector" (St. Petersburg), JSC SPE "Istok" (Fryazino), JSC "Salyut" (Nizhny Novgorod), Rostov Research Institute of Radio Communications, Voronezh Research Institute of Radio Communications, "Scard-Elektronics" (Kursk), Omsk NIIP.

There are even more manufacturers of broadband radio receiving devices abroad, but it is not appropriate to list them here.

Modeling and experimental study of a preselector for a multichannel receiver is carried out. The functional scheme of the preselector, the circuit diagram of one channel out of four, the model of this filter in the program CST Studio Suite and the amplitude-frequency characteristics are given. The structural scheme of the experiment and amplitude-frequency characteristics in the near and far zones are presented. The achievement of the following parameters is shown: Bandwidth from 3.5 to 4.0 GHz; Bandstop from 4.5 to 18.0 GHz; Transmission coefficient greater than 10 dB in the passband; Gain at frequencies 3f0 and 5f0 not less than 60 dB; Wave impedance of 50 ohms.

The studied preselector has a wide frequency and dynamic range, high selectivity, so it allows to realize a modern receiver. The basis of the preselector consists of four bandpass filters on counter rods, on the air-strip transmission line. Each of the filters contains 11 resonators. To suppress false pass-bands, the preselector contains a low-pass filter on microstrip transmission lines. To obtain the required transmission coefficient, the preselector contains an amplifier, and to reduce the diversity of channels - a corrector of the amplitude-frequency response.
Dispersion effects in ionospheric radio channels Part 2. Types of time-frequency dispersion
Authors: Ivanov D.V. , Ivanov V.A. , Ryabova M.I. , Ovchinnikov V.V.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in technologies that enable reliable communication through wideband HF radio channels with bandwidths ranging from 3 to 48 kHz and adjacent channel steps of 3 kHz, achieving data transfer rates of up to 120 kbit/s. To support this, both software-defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR) technologies are now being implemented. However, a key challenge in ionospheric HF radio communication is the variability of its operating frequency range and the impact of factors such as intermode time-frequency dispersion and narrowband man-made interference, which negatively affect both narrowband (3 kHz) and wideband systems operating in composite narrowband subchannels. This paper examines the main types of time-frequency dispersion in single-mode dual-ray narrowband radio channels, as well as in single-mode and multiple-mode channels with diffuse multipath propagation. These are considered in the context of selecting a modem that ensures at least 80% availability, as well as modeling wave packet propagation through the ionosphere. Methods and techniques to mitigate these negative effects are discussed. The aim of the research was to analyze the negative effects of intermode time-frequency dispersion on HF communication systems and to explore methods and strategies for overcoming these challenges. The paper provides a scientific rationale for addressing the issue of ensuring that communication systems have data on the availability of channels affected by intermode time-frequency dispersion and man-made interference. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was identified as the critical parameter that fluctuates most rapidly over geophysical time. Additionally, the paper presents an effective solution for channel diagnostics using active sensors in the 2–30 MHz range, employing SDR technology. Methods for diagnosing multiple channels and selecting those with at least 80% availability for a given modem are discussed. The paper proposes an approach and methods for mitigating the negative effects of intermode time-frequency dispersion and man-made interference through sensor diagnostics technology. It demonstrates the feasibility of adaptively selecting optimal channels from those tested, providing data on the required communication signal power and data transfer rates to enhance the overall efficiency of the communication system. Experimental results showed that the sensor diagnostics approach can yield a radiated power gain of 4–12 dB on mid-latitude paths and 5–6 dB on polar paths for a given modem or constant data rate. Furthermore, selecting channels with at least 80% availability for the modem with the highest possible data rate can increase throughput by up to 2 times during the day and night, and by 4–8 times during transition periods.
Results of synthesis of anisotropic reactance structure using a given multilabel scattering diagram
Authors: Privalova T.Yu.
Published: January 2025

The problem of synthesizing an anisotropic reactance structure for special cases is solved. The laws of reactance distribution and their orientation are obtained in explicit form in the approximation of physical optics. The accuracy of the obtained formulas is verified by rigorously solving the problems of analysis using the integral equation method. The results of numerical calculations for various special cases are presented, showing good agreement between the calculated relationships and numerical results in the sectors of the specified main lobes.
Algorithm for image transmission in the MIMO-OFDM system in the presence of active interference and structural distortions
Authors: Fedosov V.P. , Ibadov R.R. , Ibadov S.R.
Published: January 2025

Problem Statement. With the advent and ever-growing development of wireless communications, the demand for high-speed, reliable and energy-efficient wireless data transmission methods has become an urgent need in our increasingly interconnected world. One of the most promising technologies to meet this need is a combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, as with any technology, these systems face challenges. One of the significant obstacles to their effective implementation is the presence of active interference and structural distortions in image transmission. This paper is devoted to solving this problem, focusing on improving the adaptive image transmission algorithm in the MIMO-OFDM system under such adverse conditions.

Objective. Improving the efficiency of a wireless data transmission system in an environment with multiple reflections and active interference by reducing the probability of a bit error based on the development and research of spatio-temporal methods of signal processing and the development of an adaptive algorithm.

Results. The main features of image transmission via MIMO-OFDM communication systems are considered. The main characteristics of such communication systems are given, the structural diagram of the transceiver part, models of interference that occur in the communication system, the structure of pilot signals for channel estimation and the algorithm of operation of such a communication system are considered. The adaptive algorithm for processing spatio-temporal signals in the MIMO-OFDM communication system is considered and improved. The MIMO-OFDM system is simulated, and an in-house model of a simulator of such a communication system is developed, experiments are conducted to study the influence of spatial correlations between antennas on the operation of such a system, the gain from using the adaptive algorithm for processing spatio-temporal signals is shown and substantiated, which demonstrates its applied value.

Practical significance. The proposed modification of the adaptive algorithm showed a stable improvement in terms of the quality of transmitted images under conditions of active interference and structural distortions. This makes the practical application of the adaptive algorithm useful, for example, in the situation of transmitting images from a UAV under conditions of a complex interference-signal environment and is capable of significantly improving the quality of transmitted images.
Development of broadband high-precision microwave analyzer based on multi-probe measuring line
Authors: Meschanov V.P. , L’vov A.A. , Kats B.M. , L’vov P.A. , Sayapin K.A. , Doroshenko V.M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives. The actual technical implementation problem of broadband reflectometers based on multi-probe transmission lines (MTL) is investigated.

Methods. The analysis of optimal methods for processing output digital signals from quadric detectors of MTL probes is performed. Methods for increasing the accuracy of measurements using this reflectometer in narrow and wide frequency ranges based on the optimal choice of a limited number of probes arrangement along the line path are proposed.

Main results. Reflectometer designs with a limited number of probes (no more than 8) are obtained, allowing measurements with potentially achievable accuracy in a frequency range of up to 6 octaves. The created experimental samples of narrowband and wideband automatic network analyzers based on MTL are described and their accuracy characteristics are demonstrated, which confirmed the theoretical conclusions.

Conclusion. Conclusions that show areas of application of the developed broadband high-precision microwave analyzer based on multi-probe measuring line was formulated.
Main technical requirements for radiometric system for remote soil moisture meter
Authors: Sidorov I.A. , Gudkov G.A. , Agasieva S.V. , Chizhikov S.V.
Published: January 2025

A dual-polarization L-band microwave radiometer was developed and tested for remote soil moisture measurement. The tests were conducted to study the possible integration of soil moisture and temperature data obtained by the radiometer into the precision farming system.

The purpose of this work is to clarify and substantiate the main technical parameters of a new microwave radiometer for determining moisture content portraits of large areas of agricultural land, based on the analysis of the results of flight tests of dual-polarization microwave radiometric remote soil moisture indicator, which were conducted using a quadrocopter in different regions of the Russian Federation.

Crop yields are determined by moisture content in the productive layer of soil. To obtain data on soil moisture at different depths it is necessary to use multi-frequency radiometers. So, the use of a multi-frequency microwave radiometer with wavelengths of 21, 11 and 5.5 cm was justified. The mass of such radiometer should not exceed 5 kg. and dimensions not more than 360x360x60 mm. so that it could be used as a carrier of small class UAV with payload not more than 5 kg. The second sensitivity should be no worse than 0.5 degrees. Continuous operation time from the built-in battery is not less than 3 hours.
Emergency decontamination of pathogenic microflora using electromagnetic radiation
Authors: Doroshenko V.M. , Kirkitsa V.A.
Published: January 2025

An important problem of health care has always been ensuring safety during surgical and other manipulations. Currently, many methods are known for disinfecting medical objects based on treatment with steam, hot air, ultraviolet, X-ray and electromagnetic radiation. The listed methods have both their obvious advantages and unavoidable disadvantages, which are described in detail in the work [1-12]. A promising method is the sterilization of medical instruments using a microwave field. Patents for similar development methods [13,14] were registered in the 90s of the last century, however, in the shown processing technologies it was not possible to avoid sparking, which excluded the processing of metal instruments. In turn, traditional methods used in hospitals, due to the effect of high temperatures, do not allow the processing of plastic instruments. This problem was solved with the help of the developed microwave sterilizer, which carries out decontamination due to the effect of an electromagnetic field on microflora, and not due to the effect of high temperatures.
Study of wideband communication elements for multi-probe reflectometers
Authors: Katz B.M. , Sayapin K.A.
Published: January 2025

Broadband coupling elements for multi-probe reflectometers based on rectangular waveguides are proposed and investigated. The devices are made in the form of a joint of a section of a waveguide and a coaxial transmission line with capacitive coupling between them. Numerical modeling and parametric optimization of the geometric dimensions of the elements are performed, the possibility of expanding the operating frequency range with a significant decrease in the transient attenuation difference is shown.
The potential of trade and economic cooperation between Brazil and the Samara region based on the integration of exports and imports
Authors: Khmeleva G. A. , Chirkunova E. K. , Guseva M. S. , Khilov D. V.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to reveal the potential for strengthening trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States by identifying the regional needs of the latter in non-energy goods.

Methods:the article applies the statistical method of structural and dynamic analysis, calculates the index of complementarity, and adapts the Balassa index and the export potential.

Results: the essence of the potential of trade and economic cooperation is revealed and the connection between the coupling of commodity flows with the non-energy potential of the region is shown. The authors identified the most active the Brazilian States and import-intensive groups of goods in trade with the Russian Federation. The Brazilian States with high potential for expanding supplies of non-energy products that can become centers of attraction in foreign trade for Russian regions were identified. Estimated values of export potential volumes, which expand the possibilities of trade and economic cooperation between the Samara region and the Brazilian States, are presented, and the conditions of export supplies are determined.

Сonclusions and Relevance: the scale of coupling of commodity flows with trade partners is the basis for the formation and realization of export potential of countries and their regions. Despite the sanctions, Russian-Brazilian cooperation has reached the level of strategic partnership, almost all the Brazilian States import Russian products, many of them increase imports. It has been established that the main channels of supply of Russian products to the Brazilian market are concentrated in the port Brazil States, traditionally the most open for trade cooperation with the countries of the world. Despite the fact that the processes of product diversification in mutual trade are developing slowly, the strategic partnership allows building long-term plans for further trade cooperation by expanding trade of the Samara region with the Brazilian States with a high share of dependence on imports of non-energy goods, which the Russian region specializes in producing. The complementarity index confirmed the complementarity of commodity flows between the Samara Region and a number of the Brazilian States. In the conditions of reorientation of export flows, the opportunities of the Samara region lie in the expansion of trade in food products, chemical industry, electrical and mechanical engineering products.
Achieving national development goals of Russia as a factor in ensuring national security
Authors: Leontieva L. S. , Voronov A. S. , Baraboshkin K. E. , Bobrov A. V. , Paranina T. O.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: is to substantiate the need for a balanced achievement of the Russia's national development goals at the federal, regional and municipal levels as a factor in ensuring national security based on the practice of implementing the sustainable development goals of China and India.

Methods: to achieve the set goal, methods of forming matrices for the adjusting goals, comparative institutional analysis of documents at the national, regional and municipal levels were used as tools for identifying potential risks associated with the imbalance of the system of the goals for ensuring national security at all levels of governance.

Results: a comparative analysis and systematization of regulatory legal documents of the national, regional and municipal levels was carried out on the basis of the transformation in them of approaches to the formulation (according to the following types: social, environmental, production-technological and institutional) of the national development goals of the Russian Federation to ensure national security and balanced development of the Russian Federation. The specifics of how the sustainable development goals are reflected in the national strategic documents of China and India and their possible use in implementing Russia’s national priorities are revealed.

Conclusions and Relevance: the approach proposed in the work using the method of forming matrices for the adjusting goals and comparative analysis of documents at the federal, regional and municipal levels involves the conceptual «stitching» of regulatory legal documents for the decomposition of the national goals to the level of regions and municipalities. Taking into account specific socio-economic and political conditions influencing the need to solve new problems in the field of sustainable development is aimed at the rational use of all types of national, regional and municipal resources. International experience, demonstrated by the example of China and India, emphasizes the importance of adapting international sustainable development goals to the national characteristics and priorities of Russia in the context of BRICS development, which reinforces the need for a balanced implementation of goals at all levels.
Self-regulated Learning as a Mediator between Authoritative Parenting and Academic Achivement of Junior high School Students
Authors: Husnaini Husnaini , Izzaty Rita Eka
Published: January 2025

This research begins with a situation that shows the low academic achievement of junior high school students. Self-regulated learning and authoritative parenting are supporting factor to produce student with good academic achievement. Therefore, this research aims to show the influence of self-regulated learning as a mediator between authoritative parenting and learning achievement in junior high school students in Depok District. This research approach was quantitative research using survey methods. This research was conducted in Depok District, Sleman Regency with a sample of 303 students. Data collection techniques used cluster random sampling, with research instruments on the scale of authoritative parenting and self-regulated learning. The validity test used total score results (r) and the reliability test used Cronbach's Alpha with an authoritative parenting style scale value of 0.862 and a self-regulated learning scale of 0.879. In addition, data analysis techniques were carried out using regression using PROCESS v4 for SPSS by Andrew F Hayes. The research results show that self-regulated learning acts as a mediator between authoritative parenting and learning achievement. In this research, it is found that path c had a higher coefficient is 0.4181, and path c' was lower is 0.2501. Based on both, the regression coefficient c' decreased, proving the existence of partial mediation. It can be concluded that there is a partial mediation effect of self-regulated learning from authoritative parenting on learning achievement
Analisis Perlindungan Data Pribadi bagi Pengguna E-commerce Menurut Perspektif Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Nabila Laela , Setianingrum Reni Budi
Published: January 2025

The development of technology in Indonesia means that buying and selling transactions can also be done electronically without having to meet face-to-face between sellers and buyers, namely through electronic commerce platforms or e-commerce. Through this e-commerce platform, a buyer must include personal data such as name, residential address and mobile phone number. The purpose of this research is to find out how the regulations regarding the protection of personal data for e-commerce users in Indonesia and what sanctions are given to e-commerce companies as electronic system providers if there is a leak of user personal data. The research method used by the author is the normative juridical method and statute approach. From the research results obtained, the protection of personal data in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 27 of 2022 and ITE Law. The conclusion is that the protection of personal data in Indonesia already has regulations that regulate so there is no need to worry if you are going to make buying and selling transactions through e-commerce
Kedudukan Surat Kuasa Menjual dalam Perjanjian Utang Piutang dengan Wanprestasi
Authors: Destiarany Regina , Anggriani Reni
Published: January 2025

A power of attorney is a letter document whose content is to give authority to other parties to do something that the power of attorney wants. Power of attorney is often given in carrying out certain legal actions, including making payments of debts and receivables. Debts and receivables in daily life are not new, especially in the business field which is used to increase capital or other things for the smooth running of business. The issue raised is how the position of the power of attorney in the debt and receivables agreement in default with a case study of Decision Number 33/PDT. G/2023/PN SPT. The method used is the normative method. The position of the power of attorney to sell in debts and receivables associated with the existence of default is inappropriate, what should be used in debts and receivables is the right of guarantee over land against these debts. The results of this study show that the making of a power of attorney in the aquo case is inappropriate, because the aquo case that occurs is a debt-receivables agreement, not a sale and purchase
Machine learning in ocular oncology and oculoplasty: Transforming diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mane Dipali Vikas , Khuspe Pankaj Ramdas
Published: January 2025

In the domains of ocular oncology and oculoplasty, machine learning (ML) has become a game-changing technology, providing previously unheard-of levels of precision in diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction. Using imaging modalities, genomic data, and clinical characteristics, this chapter investigates the integration of machine learning algorithms in the detection and treatment of ocular tumours, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma. Through predictive modelling and real-time decision-making, it also emphasises how ML might improve surgical outcomes in oculoplasty, including orbital reconstruction and eyelid correction. Automated examination of fundus photographs, histological slides, and 3D imaging has been made possible by methods like deep learning and natural language processing, which have improved individualised therapeutic approaches and decreased diagnostic errors. Additionally, the use of augmented reality and machine learning in robotics and surgery is a significant development in precision oculoplasty. Notwithstanding its potential, issues including data heterogeneity, algorithm interpretability, and ethical considerations are significant roadblocks that need to be addressed. This chapter explores cutting-edge developments, real-world uses, and potential future paths, offering researchers and doctors a thorough resource.

Dipali Vikas Mane, Associate Professor, Shriram Shikshan Sanstha’s College of Pharmacy, Paniv-413113
Psychological Bullying in Environmental Agency of Central Bengkulu Regency: A Stress-Model Transactional and Coping
Authors: Eko Oktaviansyah Muhammad , Monika Safitri Olvie
Published: January 2025

Workplace psychological bullying remains a significant concern, as the phenomenon in Environmental Agency of Central Bengkulu Regency. Despite Indonesia's low rates of daily workplace stress, 16% of workers report experiencing psychological bullying, negatively impacting mental health and job performance. The tragic case of Dr. Aulia Risma Lestari exemplifies the severe consequences of such bullying, including suicide. The study aims to identify the various forms of psychological bullying encountered by civil servants and the coping strategies they employ. Applying Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress, this research analyzes how individuals perceive and respond to stressors associated with psychological bullying. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative data from questionnaires completed by 28 civil servants with qualitative insights from comprehensive interviews. The findings reveal that verbal abuse, excessive workloads, neglect, and humiliating pranks are prevalent forms of bullying. The coping strategies employed include problem-focused approaches, such as planful problem-solving and seeking social support, alongside less effective emotion-focused strategies like avoidance. The study underscores the need for robust organizational policies to address psychological bullying and support affected public servants by promoting a more conducive work environment.
Role and Features of Growing Ornamental Woody Plants in Urban Recreational Areas
Authors: Kuzmina Nadezhda M.
Published: January 2025

When selecting planting material for landscape construction, it is necessary to know whether new crops can adapt to the existing biocenosis of parks and develop normally in the zone of the root system of middle-aged trees. The 33 species of woody plants we studied grow surrounded by Populus balsamifera L., Tilia cordata Mill. 40-50 years of age. The paper presents systematic data and the origin of the studied woody plant species. Three decorative groups have been identified. Group 1 of highly ornamental woody plants included only two species (Berberis thunbergii DC, Cornus alba L.). Mostly ornamental woody plants (group 2) grow in the garden - 25 species. Group 3 of less ornamental plants includes 6 species. The shape and size of the leaves of woody plants play a significant role in visual perception, and the size of the plant determines its place in the landscape composition. Five groups of leaf size, three categories of height for trees, and four categories for shrubs were identified. A group of beautifully flowering woody plants has been identified - 16 species (48.5 %) and the phenology of flowering in the period 2021-2023 is presented. The dependence of the beginning of flowering on weather conditions in the climatic zone of the Middle Urals has been determined. According to observation data in the period 2016-2023. Three groups of stability of decorative qualities of woody plants growing in the zone of the root system of middle-aged trees of the first size have been identified. Highly resistant – 40 % (11 species). Resistant – 45 % (12 species). Weakly resistant – 15 % (4 species).
On Dispersion Set Analysis for an Inhomogeneous Orthotropic Elastic Waveguide
Authors: Vatulyan Alexander O. , Yurov Viktor O.
Published: January 2025

The problem of wave propagation in an elastic orthotropic inhomogeneous cylindrical waveguide with an arbitrary cross-section is considered. Dispersion dependences are constructed numerically based on a weak statement using finite element method. Asymptotics of dispersion branches in the vicinity of cut-off frequencies are also constructed. Positive definiteness of the main operator of the problem is proved. A series of computational experiments are carried out.
Linear Analysis of Turing Instability in Systems of Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Revina Svetlana V. , Kelemetova Kseniya A.
Published: January 2025

The goal of the work is to find the region of diffusion instability on the plane of parameters of the Schnackenberg and Brusselator systems, as well as for a system that generalizes these systems. The Schnakenberg system is considered in two cases: under the assumption that the equilibrium position is positive and under the additional (stronger) assumption that the parameters of the system are positive. To study systems using the methods of stability theory, a transition to generalized variables is used, in which the Jacobian matrices of the indicated systems in the vicinity of equilibrium positions coincide. It is shown that in the first case, in the absence of additional restrictions, the regions of necessary conditions for Turing instability are not empty and are not limited in the plane of system parameters. In the second case, under stronger assumptions, it is shown that the range of necessary conditions is limited. Conditions have been obtained under which the area of necessary conditions can be empty. Using the transition to generalized variables, analytical expressions for the boundaries of the domain of sufficient conditions are obtained in the presence of additional assumptions corresponding to the positivity of the parameters for the Schnakenberg system. The case of large diffusion coefficients is considered, when the minimum critical wave number is equal to one, as well as cases in which the minimum wave number is greater than one.
An Approximate Solution of a Hypersingular Integral Equation Using Chebyshev Series on a Class of Function Bounded at One End and Unbounded at the Other End of the Integration Interval
Authors: Khubezhty Shalva S.
Published: January 2025

Approximate methods for solving hypersingular integral equations are an actively developing field of computational mathematics. This is due to the numerous applications of hypersingular integral equations in various fields of mathematics and the fact that analytical solutions of such equations are possible only in exceptional cases. A method for finding a solution, limited at one end and unlimited at the other end of the integration interval [-1,1], of hypersingular integral equations of the first kind using Chebyshev series is proposed and justified. The core and the right side of the equation are also decomposed into Chebyshev series, the decomposition coefficients of which are calculated approximately using quadrature Gauss formulas with the highest degree of accuracy. The coefficients of decomposition of an unknown function into a Chebyshev series are found by solving systems of linear algebraic equations. Methods of functional analysis and the theory of orthogonal polynomials are used to substantiate the computational scheme. The Helder space of functions with corresponding norms is introduced. Given hypersingular and corresponding approximate operators are considered in this space. When the condition for the existence of derivatives up to a certain order belonging to the Helder class for given functions is fulfilled, the calculation error is estimated and the order of its tendency to zero is given.
Niezależni producenci
Authors: Sowiński Emil
Published: January 2025

Książka poświęcona jest działalności producenckiej Studia Filmowego im. Karola Irzykowskiego w latach 1981–2005. Autor podjął się zadania przeanalizowania polityki programowej i kultury produkcji Studia oraz warunkujących je kontekstów społeczno-politycznych (np. przemiany instytucjonalne polskiej kinematografii). Przedmiotem analizy był zatem proces, który odbywa się w instytucjonalnych ramach rozpiętych pomiędzy zarządczą kontrolą i swobodą twórczą.
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Na tle literatury z zakresu historii instytucjonalnej podmiotów odpowiedzialnych za produkcję (zespołów filmowych czy wytwórni) jest to, w moim mniemaniu, publikacja najlepsza. Po pierwsze dlatego, że powstała z wykorzystaniem wszelkich dostępnych źródeł (w tym obszernej kwerendy archiwalnej) […]. Po drugie – ze względu na wiarygodny wywód, w którym wnioski formułowane są na podstawie dużej liczby przesłanek, a jednocześnie ostrożne w przypadku braku przekonujących dowodów. Po trzecie – z powodu bardzo wysokiej sprawności prowadzonej narracji i jakości języka, które sprawiają, że wiele partii książki czyta się niemal jak powieść sensacyjną (w formule „Studio Filmowe im. Karola Irzykowskiego przeciw światu”).
Dr hab. Krzysztof Kornacki, prof. UG
Publikacja w znacznej mierze uzupełnia wiedzę o historii polskiego kina. Historia i działalność Studia Filmowego im. Karola Irzykowskiego zostały opisane bardzo kompetentnie, wiedza i świadomość metodologiczna Autora są godne podziwu. Prezentowanej książki z całą pewnością nie będzie można zignorować w kolejnych badaniach. Ponadto jej lektura sprawia dużą przyjemność – zarówno poznawczą, jak i stricte czytelniczą.
Prof. Piotr Zwierzchowski
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Authors: Nowak Jan
Published: January 2025

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Influence of short-term funding methods in the systematic risk of Latin American companies
Authors: Pires Paulo Alexandre da Silva , Rodrigues Junior Moacir Manoel , Ribeiro Alex Mussoi
Published: January 2025

This research aims at identifying the impact of short-term funding methods of organizations (bank funding or commercial funding) on the systematic risk of Latin American companies. The proposal is based on the ideas provided by Hamada (1972) and Modigliani and Miller’s theory (1958, 1963), evidencing the relationship between the funding structure of companies and the systematic risk. Multiple linear regression econometric models were estimated. The systematic risk was measured by levered beta (β) and the respective disaggregation of unlevered beta (βD) and residual beta (βR). The sample under study belonged to Latin American companies from 2009 to 2022. The main findings evidence a negative relationship between short-term commercial and bank debt and unlevered beta from Latin American companies, resulting in higher intensity and significance for commercial debt. The study includes evidences that contribute to the finance literature by making clear that short-term funding methods impact on the systematic risk of organizations. From the practical contribution perspective, this research explains to market actors and investors that the funding structure determined by operational activities, through operational liabilities, must be considered in the asset pricing process.
Impact of Osmotic Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Indira M.N. , Angeline A.R. , Ankit K. , Vaishnavi S.
Published: January 2025

Background: Osmotic stress is one of the major constraints in the global production of economically important crops by adversely affecting their yield, quality and energy costs. Cicer arietinum L. commonly known as Chickpea is an important pulse crop worldwide due to its high protein content and agronomic significance. Chickpea is susceptible to osmotic stress and effects its productivity on a large scale. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of osmotic stress on seed germination and seedling growth. Methods: Osmotic stress was induced using three different concentrations of PEG-6000 (5%, 10% and 15%). Distilled water treatment was used as control. Percentage of seed germination, seedling growth, enzymatic activity of amylase and protease and protein content of chickpea was evaluated after a week. Result: Osmotic stress considerably affected seed germination as well as all other allied traits. Studies showed that increase in osmotic stress decreased the percentage of seed germination. Seeds treated with 5% PEG considerably improved the length of the plumule and radicle, fresh and dry weight when compared to control in Cicer arietinum. The enzymatic activity of protease increased with increasing osmotic gradients. Seeds treated with 15% PEG showed maximum protein content. This study contributes to current knowledge of the physiological responses of chickpea to osmotic stress and may assist in the development of strategies to enhance crop resilience and productivity under adverse environment conditions.
Comic: Future Natures - A Primer for the Curious
Authors: Amber Huff , Zocco Tim
Published: January 2025

In this introductory comic from Future Natures, we explore the multiple crises produced by values that create artificial divisions between humans and the rest of nature. Through empires and colonisation to their existing forms in modern capitalism, nature has been commodified, privatised and enclosed. But alternatives are all around us. Commoning offers a radically different way of valuing resources and other ‘social goods’, in agroecology, urban commons, creativity and technology, and more. Commoning not only helps to address people’s immediate needs, here and now. By making us think about what we value and how we value it, commoning can open up many possible and imagined futures.
Juridical Analysis of Doctors Engaging in Collusion with Pharmaceutical Companies in Prescription of Medications
Authors: Heriman Amanda Regina Pallas , Caroline  , Hasian Clarisa Permata , Tobing Ega Yolanda Lumban , Alexander Johan , Naibaho Novia
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, the legal rules that regulate the prohibition of doctors receiving gifts from pharmaceutical companies have not had a significant impact because the existing regulations only exist in the realm of ethics and administration. As a result, the collaboration between doctors and pharmaceutical companies in prescribing drugs continues and has a negative impact on patients. This research analyses the actions of doctors and pharmaceutical companies colluding in prescribing drugs to patients. The purpose of this research is to understand the legal responsibility of doctors and pharmaceutical companies colluding in prescribing drugs to patients, and also to understand the comparison of prevention of collusion between doctors and pharmaceutical companies in drug marketing in Indonesia and the United States. This study uses normative legal research because this research is only intended for written regulations, so this research is closely related to literature because it requires secondary data. The findings of this study indicate that collusion between doctors and pharmaceutical companies, which involves unethical or illegal agreements, can result in civil legal liability. However, if we review the law in the United States, the United States has stronger regulations, better transparency, and stricter legal sanctions in preventing collusion between doctors and pharmaceutical companies in drug marketing compared to Indonesia.
Relations phénotypiques et génétiques entre les caractères de production laitière et le poids du veau à la naissance chez la vache Azawak du Niger
Authors: Adamou Karimou Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Contexte : La race bovine Azawak, adaptée aux conditions environnementales sahéliennes, a été choisie pour un programme de sélection à noyau fermé, à la Station expérimentale de Toukounous au Niger. Objectif : Afin de développer un modèle de prédiction des valeurs d’élevage de candidats reproducteurs améliorateurs en lait et en viande, cette étude avait pour objectif d’analyser l’influence génétique d’une sélection pour les performances pondérales, sur la productivité laitière de cette race. Méthodes : Le pedigree utilisé comportait 1 691 lactations complètes de 649 vaches et 1 396 poids de veaux à la naissance. Les paramètres génétiques ont été analysés à l’aide d’un modèle animal multi-caractère résolu par des méthodologies bayésiennes et après analyses multivariées des facteurs environnementaux. Résultats : Les caractères de lactation et le poids du veau à la naissance étaient affectés par des effets environnementaux et génétiques avec une héritabilité variant de 0,14 à 0,32 pour les caractères de lactation et de 0,06 pour le poids à la naissance du veau. Des corrélations génétiques (-0,26 à -0,08) et phénotypiques (-0,06 à 0,07) non significatives et proches de zéro entre les caractères de lactation et le poids à la naissance du veau suggèrent qu’une sélection pour les performances laitières n’affectera probablement pas les performances pondérales précoces. Conclusions : Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer l’influence génétique de la productivité laitière sur les performances de croissance tardive du bovin Azawak.
Podmiotowość gospodarcza Polski w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Celem artykułu jest ocena podmiotowości gospodarczej Polski w warunkach integracji europejskiej. Definicja podmiotowości gospodarczej oraz założenia teoretyczne badania odnoszą się do koncepcji geoekonomii, jak również koncepcji endogenicznego rozwoju. Metodologia opiera się na porównaniu dwóch studiów przypadku: Europejskiego Funduszu Odbudowy oraz polityki klimatycznej UE. Wstępną hipotezą badawczą jest założenie, że w obu tych przypadkach podmiotowość gospodarcza Polski zostanie ograniczona. Artykuł w podsumowaniu przedstawia najważniejsze wnioski oraz rekomendacje dla strategii geoekonomicznej polskich władz.
Antidiarrhea Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rambutan Leaves (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Capsule Form on Male Mice
Authors: Nurul Fadilah Nitya , Ali Nofriyaldi  , Ayu Rahmawati  , Srie Rezeki Nur Endah  , Widya Nurul Aini  , Vincent O. Imieje
Published: January 2025

Background: Diarrhea is characterized by changes in stool form to soft or liquid, with an intensity of bowel movements more than three times a day. One of the plants used as an alternative treatment for diarrhea is rambutan, particularly its leaves. Previous studies have shown that rambutan leaf extract can treat diarrhea. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiarrhea activity of ethanol extracts of rambutan leaves containing tannins and flavonoids that inhibit intestinal motility. Methods: This study was conducted experimentally using the intestinal transit method, which measures the length of the intestine passed through a marker. The smaller the ratio between the length of the intestine and the marker, the greater the decrease in intestinal motility in the mice. Group 1: loperamide HCl at a dose of 4 mg/kg BW; Group 2:  placebo; Group 3: FI, FII, and FIII capsules at doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg. Results: The test results showed that Formulations 1, 2, and 3 had activities of 23.3%, 26.8%, and 32.3%, respectively. The capsule with the best results was formulation 3, at a dose of 150 mg. Compared with the positive control, the effectiveness of this capsule was 22% higher than that of loperamide. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rambutan leaves extracted in capsule form effectively treats diarrhea. The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the FI, FII, and FIII groups (p <0.05).
In Silico Analgesic and Toxicity Analysis of Modified Paracetamol on COX-2 Receptor (PDB ID: 3LN1)
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Lina Permatasari  , Agriana Rosmalina Hidayati  , Handa Muliasari
Published: January 2025

Background: Paracetamol is often used as the main analgesic in Indonesia. The use of more than 4 g/day or a single dose above 10 g can cause hepatotoxicity. This can be overcome by modifying the structure through a computer-aided drug design (CADD) approach, particularly molecular docking, which aims to produce compounds with greater potency and fewer side effects. Objective: This study aimed to determine the analgesic activity and toxicity of paracetamol derivatives modified using the Topliss method. Methods: Analgesic activity was tested by molecular docking of the COX-2 receptor (PDB ID 3LN1) using AutoDock Tool 4.2 and toxicity testing using pkCSM and Protox Online Tool. Results: The results of docking showed that the free binding energy values ​​for test compounds 1 to 5 are -10.59 kcal/mol, -10.17 kcal/mol, -8.79 kcal/mol, -10.01 kcal/mol, and -9.32 kcal/mol, respectively, with corresponding inhibition constants of 17.29 nM, 35.21 nM, 360.88 nM, 46.36 nM, and 146.65 nM. These values are lower than paracetamol, which has a free binding energy of -6.21 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 28,043 nM. The results showed that the test compound was more stable in ligand-receptor binding. Toxicity tests showed that all the test compounds and paracetamol belonged to toxicity class IV. The test compound had an LD50 value of 1551 mg/kg, which was higher than that of paracetamol (338 mg/kg), indicating better effectiveness. Conclusions: Compound 2 was predicted to have the best biological activity and potential as an alternative to paracetamol.