bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild-to-severe traumatic brain injury in children: altered cytokines reflect severity
Authors: Ryan Emer , Kelly Lynne , Stacey Catherine , Huggard Dean , Duff Eimear , McCollum Danielle , Leonard Ann , Boran Gerard , Doherty Dermot R. , Bolger Turlough , Molloy Eleanor J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognised to have significant longer-term neurocognitive effects. Childhood is a time of high risk for head injury. Functional recovery is variable with a combination of any or all of physical, cognitive and emotional impairment. Immune activation and alteration in cytokine levels are present following TBI which may differ from adults.

Methods

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (IFN)-γ were examined at baseline and following in vitro treatment with endotoxin of whole blood, in the following children: severe TBI (sTBI: initial Glasgow coma scale(GCS) ≤ 8), mild TBI (mTBI; GCS 14/15) at 0-4d and at 10-14d post-TBI and compared to healthy age-matched controls.

Results

The study enrolled 208 children, including 110 with TBI cohort (n = 104 mild; 6 severe) and controls (n = 98). At baseline all children with TBI had increased IL-6. The mTBI group had significantly increased IFN-γ versus controls. In sTBI at baseline, IFN-γ was decreased compared to controls. At baseline IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α were decreased in mTBI compared to controls. This persisted at 2 week post-mTBI. The AUC for detecting mTBI was 0.801 CI (0.73–086) using IL6/IL10 ratio. mTBI showed a greater fold change in IL-8 and TNF-α in response to endotoxin stimulation, a response that persisted at 2 weeks. Children with sTBI did not have a significant IL-6 response to endotoxin, but did show an increase in IL-17A.

Conclusion

Children with all TBI including mTBI show altered cytokine profiles and altered endotoxin responses. Although cytokines increased in sTBI especially in response to endotoxin, suppressed responses were found in mTBI coupled with persistent immune dysfunction post-injury.
Edaravone ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors via Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 pathway
Authors: Dang Ruozhi , Wang Mingyang , Li Xinhui , Wang Haiyang , Liu Lanxiang , Wu Qingyuan , Zhao Jianting , Ji Ping , Zhong Lianmei , Licinio Julio , Xie Peng
Published: February 2022

Background

The inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered crucial components of the pathogenesis of depression. Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger, processes strong biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, its role and potential molecular mechanisms in depression remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant activity of EDA and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression model was performed to explore whether EDA could produce antidepressant effects. Behaviors tests were carried out to examine depressive, anxiety-like and cognitive behaviors including social interaction (SI) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) tissues were collected for Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, targeted energy metabolomics analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), measurement of MDA, SOD, GSH, GSH-PX, T-AOC and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 signaling pathway. EX527, a Sirt1 inhibitor and ML385, a Nrf2 inhibitor were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before EDA injection daily. Knockdown experiments were performed to determine the effects of Gpx4 on CSDS mice with EDA treatment by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing miRNAi (Gpx4)–EGFP infusion.

Results

The administrated of EDA dramatically ameliorated CSDS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, EDA notably attenuated neuronal loss, microglial activation, astrocyte dysfunction, oxidative stress damage, energy metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines activation in the hippocampus (Hip) and mPFC of CSDS-induced mice. Further examination indicated that the application of EDA after the CSDS model significantly increased the protein expressions of Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1 and Gpx4 in the Hip. EX527 abolished the antidepressant effect of EDA as well as the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and Gpx4. Similarly, ML385 reversed the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of EDA via decreased expressions of HO-1 and Gpx4. In addition, Gpx4 knockdown in CSDS mice abolished EDA-generated efficacy on depressive and anxiety-like behaviors.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that EDA possesses potent antidepressant and anxiolytic properties through Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1/Gpx4 axis and Gpx4-mediated ferroptosis may play a key role in this effect.
Marine fungal metabolite butyrolactone I prevents cognitive deficits by relieving inflammation and intestinal microbiota imbalance on aluminum trichloride-injured zebrafish
Authors: Nie Yingying , Yang Jingming , Zhou Longjian , Yang Zhiyou , Liang Jinyue , Liu Yayue , Ma Xiaoxiang , Qian Zhongji , Hong Pengzhi , Kalueff Allan V. , Song Cai , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2022

Background

Mounting evidences indicate that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulation of gut microbiota are related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Butyrolactone I (BTL-I), a marine fungal metabolite, was previously reported as an in vitro neuroprotectant and inflammation inhibitor. However, little is known regarding its in vivo effects, whereas zebrafish (Danio rerio) could be used as a convenient in vivo model of toxicology and central nervous system (CNS) diseases.

Methods

Here, we employed in vivo and in silico methods to investigate the anti-NDs potential of BTL-I. Specifically, we established a cognitive deficit model in zebrafish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (21 μg) and assessed their behaviors in the T-maze test. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity or glutathione (GSH) levels were assayed 24 h after AlCl3 injection. The intestinal flora variation of the zebrafish was investigated by 16S rDNA high-throughput analysis. The marine fungal metabolite, butyrolactone I (BTL-I), was used to modulate zebrafish cognitive deficits evoked by AlCl3 and evaluated about its effects on the above inflammatory, cholinergic, oxidative stress, and gut floral indicators. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness properties of BTL-I were studied by the in silico tool ADMETlab.

Results

BTL-I dose-dependently ameliorated AlCl3-induced cognitive deficits in zebrafish. While AlCl3 treatment elevated the levels of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, increased AChE activity, and lowered GSH in the brains of zebrafish, these effects, except GSH reduction, were reversed by 25–100 mg/kg BTL-I administration. Besides, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing of the intestinal flora of zebrafish showed that AlCl3 decreased Gram-positive bacteria and increased proinflammatory Gram-negative bacteria, while BTL-I contributed to maintaining the predominance of beneficial Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, the in silico analysis indicated that BTL-I exhibits acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET profiles.

Conclusions

The present findings suggest that BTL-I is a potential therapeutic agent for preventing CNS deficits caused by inflammation, neurotoxicity, and gut flora imbalance.
Identifying the factors affecting ‘patient engagement’ in exercise rehabilitation
Authors: Teo Junsheng L. , Zheng Zhen , Bird Stephen R.
Published: February 2022

Background

Despite the proven benefits of exercise rehabilitation for numerous health conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and recovery from surgery, patient adherence to such programs is reported to often be less than 35%. Increasing patient engagement therefore has the potential to improve patient health outcomes, benefiting the patient, their carers and the services that support them. The aims of this review were to identify the factors that contribute to ‘patient’ engagement in prescribed exercise rehabilitation using the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation-behaviour) framework of behavioural analysis.

Methods

Five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched. ‘COM-B’ was the key word searched for specifically within titles and abstracts, combined with either ‘physical activity’ OR ‘exercise’ included using the ‘AND’ operation. Records were then filtered and excluded following full-text screening based on the predetermined eligibility criteria.

Results

Twenty studies were included in the review. The main COM-B themes highlighted for improving patient engagement were: capability—improving patient knowledge and cognitive skills for behavioural regulation, such as ‘action planning’ and ‘action control’, which could also benefit time-management; opportunity—a balanced life situation that enabled time to be devoted to the exercise program, social support, easily accessible and affordable resources and services; and motivation—increasing patient levels of self-efficacy and autonomous motivation, which were noted to be influenced by levels of perceived ‘capability’, additionally ‘motivation’ was noted to be influenced by patients perceiving the benefits of the exercise, and adherence to the program was promoted by ‘goal-setting’. Other issues in the ‘capability’ domain included a fear and/or dislike of exercise.

Conclusion

Patient engagement behavior has been shown to be influenced by both external (opportunity) and intrapersonal variables (capability and motivation). Those prescribing exercises within a rehabilitation program need to discuss these factors with their patients and co-design the exercise rehabilitation program in partnership with the patient, since this is likely to improve patient engagement, and thereby result in superior health outcomes. Furthermore, these factors need to be a consideration in clinical trials, if the findings from such trials are to translate into mainstream healthcare settings.
Cholinergic receptor binding in unimpaired older adults, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease dementia
Authors: Sultzer David L. , Lim Aaron C. , Gordon Hailey L. , Yarns Brandon C. , Melrose Rebecca J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Cholinergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and other syndromes. However, the specific cholinergic mechanisms and brain structures involved, time course of alterations, and relationships with specific cognitive deficits are not well understood.

Methods

This study included 102 older adults: 42 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 28 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 32 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Each participant underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Regional brain α4β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding (VT/fp) was measured using 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2FA) and PET imaging. Voxel-wise analyses of group differences were performed. Relationships between receptor binding and cognition, age, and cholinesterase inhibitor medication use were assessed using binding values in six prespecified regions of interest.

Results

SPM analysis showed the group VT/fp binding differences in the bilateral entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and basal ganglia (p < .05, FWE-corrected). Pairwise comparisons revealed lower binding in the AD group compared to the CU group in similar regions. Binding in the entorhinal cortex was lower in the MCI group than in the CU group; binding in the hippocampus was lower in the AD group than in the MCI group. AD participants taking cholinesterase inhibitor medication had lower 2FA binding in the bilateral hippocampus and thalamus compared to those not taking medication. In the CU group, age was negatively associated with 2FA binding in each region of interest (rs = − .33 to − .59, p < .05 for each, uncorrected). Attention, immediate recall, and delayed recall scores were inversely associated with 2FA binding in most regions across the full sample. In the combined group of CU and MCI participants, attention was inversely associated with 2FA binding in most regions, beyond the effect of hippocampal volume.

Conclusions

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding in specific limbic and subcortical regions is lower in MCI and further reduced in AD dementia, compared to CU older adults, and is related to cognitive deficits. Cognitive decline with age may be a consequence of reduced cholinergic receptor density or binding affinity that may also promote vulnerability to other Alzheimer’s processes. Contemporary modification of the “cholinergic deficit” of aging and AD may reveal opportunities to prevent or improve clinical symptoms.
Using low-fix rate GPS telemetry to expand estimates of ungulate reproductive success
Authors: Hooven Nathan D. , Williams Kathleen E. , Hast John T. , McDermott Joseph R. , Crank R. Daniel , Jenkins Gabe , Springer Matthew T. , Cox John J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Population parameters such as reproductive success are critical for sustainably managing ungulate populations, however obtaining these data is often difficult, expensive, and invasive. Movement-based methods that leverage Global Positioning System (GPS) relocation data to identify parturition offer an alternative to more invasive techniques such as vaginal implant transmitters, but thus far have only been applied to relocation data with a relatively fine (one fix every  < 8 h) temporal resolution. We employed a machine learning method to classify parturition/calf survival in cow elk in southeastern Kentucky, USA, using 13-h GPS relocation data and three simple movement metrics, training a random forest on cows that successfully reared their calf to a week old.

Results

We developed a decision rule based upon a predicted probability threshold across individual cow time series, accurately classifying 89.5% (51/57) of cows with a known reproductive status. When used to infer status of cows whose reproductive outcome was unknown, we classified 48.6% (21/38) as successful, compared to 85.1% (40/47) of known-status cows.

Conclusions

While our approach was limited primarily by fix acquisition success, we demonstrated that coarse collar fix rates did not limit inference if appropriate movement metrics are chosen. Movement-based methods for determining parturition in ungulates may allow wildlife managers to extract more vital rate information from GPS collars even if technology and related data quality are constrained by cost.
Study protocol: cluster randomized trial of consultation strategies for the sustainment of mental health interventions in under-resourced urban schools: rationale, design, and methods
Authors: Eiraldi Ricardo , McCurdy Barry L. , Khanna Muniya S. , Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Glick Henry A. , Rabenau-McDonnell Quinn A. , Comly Rachel , Rutherford Laura E. , Banks Jayme , Rufe Steven A. , Popkin Kristina M. , Wilson Tara , Henson Kathryn , Wandersman Abraham , Jawad Abbas F.
Published: February 2022

Background

The school is a key setting for the provision of mental health services to children, particularly those underserved through traditional service delivery systems. School-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a tiered approach to service delivery based on the public health model that schools use to implement universal (Tier 1) supports to improve school climate and safety. As our prior research has demonstrated, PBIS is a useful vehicle for implementing mental and behavioral health evidence-based practices (EBPs) at Tier 2 for children with, or at risk for, mental health disorders. Very little research has been conducted regarding the use of mental health EBPs at Tier 2 or how to sustain implementation in schools.

Methods/design

The main aim of the study is to compare fidelity, penetration, cost-effectiveness, and student outcomes of Tier 2 mental health interventions across 2 sustainment approaches for school implementers in 12 K-8 schools. The study uses a 2-arm, cluster randomized controlled trial design. The two arms are: (a) Preparing for Sustainment (PS)—a consultation strategy implemented by school district coaches who receive support from external consultants, and (b) Sustainment as Usual (SAU)—a consultation strategy implemented by school district coaches alone. Participants will be 60 implementers and 360 students at risk for externalizing and anxiety disorders. The interventions implemented by school personnel are: Coping Power Program (CPP) for externalizing disorders, CBT for Anxiety Treatment in Schools (CATS) for anxiety disorders, and Check-in/Check-out (CICO) for externalizing and internalizing disorders. The Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) for Dissemination and Implementation guides the training and support procedures for implementers.

Discussion

We expect that this study will result in a feasible, effective, and cost-effective strategy for sustaining mental health EBPs that is embedded within a multi-tiered system of support. Results from this study conducted in a large urban school district would likely generalize to other large, urban districts and have an impact on population-level child mental health.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT04869657. Registered May 3, 2021.
Feasibility of a birth-cohort in Pakistan: evidence for better lives study
Authors: Anwer Yasmeen , Abbasi Fahad , Dar Ariba , Hafeez Abdullah , Valdebenito Sara , Eisner Manuel , Sikander Siham , Hafeez Assad
Published: February 2022

Background

Evidence for Better Lives Study Foundational Research (EBLS-FR) is a preliminary endeavor to establish the feasibility of a global birth cohort, and within this feasibility study, piloting the research instrument, with participants from eight lower middle-income countries across the globe. It aims to investigate mediators and moderators of child development and wellbeing; it envisages informing policy and practice change to promote child health and wellbeing globally. Pakistan is one of the resource poor lower middle-income country (LMIC) taking part in this global birth cohort; we report the feasibility of establishing such a birth cohort in Pakistan.

Method

From March 2019 to July 2019, 153 third trimester pregnant women were identified, using community health worker registers, and approached for baseline demographics and a number of maternal wellbeing, mental health, support-related information, and stress-related biomarkers from bio-samples in a peri-urban area of Islamabad Capital Territory. One hundred fifty of these women gave consent and participated in the study. From October 2019 to December 2019, we re-contacted and were able to follow 121 of these women in the 8–24 weeks postnatal period. All interviews were done after obtaining informed consent and data were collected electronically.

Results

One hundred fifty (98.0%) third trimester pregnant women consented and were successfully interviewed, 111 (74.0%) provided bio-samples and 121 (80.6%) were followed up postnatally. Their mean age and years of schooling was 27.29 (SD = 5.18) and 7.77 (SD = 4.79) respectively. A majority (82.3%) of the participants were housewives. Nearly a tenth were first time mothers. Ninety-two (61.3%) of the women reported current pregnancy to have been unplanned. Overall wellbeing and mental health were reported to be poor (WHO-5 mean scores 49.41 (SD = 32.20) and PHQ-9 mean scores 8.23 (SD = 7.0)). Thirty-eight (21.8%) of the women reported four or more adverse childhood experiences; 46 (31.3%) reported intimate partner violence during their current pregnancy. During the postnatal follow up visits, 72 (58.0%) of the women reported breastfeeding their infants.

Conclusion

The foundational research demonstrated that Pakistan site could identify, approach, interview, and follow up women and children postnatally, with a high response rates for both the follow up visits and bio-samples. Therefore, a future larger-scale pregnancy birth cohort study in Pakistan is feasible.
Cryptocurrency trading: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Fang Fan , Ventre Carmine , Basios Michail , Kanthan Leslie , Martinez-Rego David , Wu Fan , Li Lingbo
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the tendency of the number of financial institutions to include cryptocurrencies in their portfolios has accelerated. Cryptocurrencies are the first pure digital assets to be included by asset managers. Although they have some commonalities with more traditional assets, they have their own separate nature and their behaviour as an asset is still in the process of being understood. It is therefore important to summarise existing research papers and results on cryptocurrency trading, including available trading platforms, trading signals, trading strategy research and risk management. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of cryptocurrency trading research, by covering 146 research papers on various aspects of cryptocurrency trading (e.g., cryptocurrency trading systems, bubble and extreme condition, prediction of volatility and return, crypto-assets portfolio construction and crypto-assets, technical trading and others). This paper also analyses datasets, research trends and distribution among research objects (contents/properties) and technologies, concluding with some promising opportunities that remain open in cryptocurrency trading.
Emerging roles of inflammation-mediated endothelial–mesenchymal transition in health and disease
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Watabe Tetsuro
Published: February 2022

Endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a cellular differentiation process in which endothelial cells (ECs) lose their properties and differentiate into mesenchymal cells, has been observed not only during development but also in various pathological states in adults, including cancer progression and organ/tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an inflammation-related cytokine, has been shown to play central roles in the induction of EndoMT. TGF-β induces EndoMT by regulating the expression of various transcription factors, signaling molecules, and cellular components that confer ECs with mesenchymal characteristics. However, TGF-β by itself is not necessarily sufficient to induce EndoMT to promote the progression of EndoMT-related diseases to a refractory extent. In addition to TGF-β, additional activation by other inflammatory factors is often required to stabilize the progression of EndoMT. Since recent lines of evidence indicate that inflammatory signaling molecules act as enhancers of EndoMT, we summarize the roles of inflammatory factors in the induction of EndoMT and related diseases. We hope that this review will help to develop therapeutic strategies for EndoMT-related diseases by targeting inflammation-mediated EndoMT.
Bhutanese science teachers’ perceptions of the nature of science: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dorji Karma , Jatsho Sherab , Choden Pem , Tshering Pema
Published: February 2022

This study investigated Bhutanese science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science (NOS). The study recruited 225 Bhutanese science teachers based on convenient and snowball sampling techniques. The data was collected using the Myths of Science Questionnaire (MOSQ). The MOSQ was designed on Google Forms and administered through the online survey mode. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics in terms of the measure of frequency supported by science teachers’ open-ended written responses, Independent Sample t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings from descriptive statistics showed that Bhutanese science teachers considerably lacked clear understanding of the NOS in terms of scientific knowledge, scientific method, scientists’ work, and scientific enterprise. The Independent Sample t-test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Bhutanese male and female science teachers’ perceptions of the NOS with p > .05. The One-way ANOVA test revealed statistically significant differences amongst Bhutanese science teachers’ perceptions of the NOS based on their academic qualifications with p < .05. The Tukey Post-hoc test, however, revealed that Bhutanese science teachers’ perceptions of the NOS based on academic qualifications was significant only between teachers with postgraduate diploma and doctor of philosophy.
The Moroccan dialect version of the Insomnia Severity Index
Authors: Oneib Bouchra , El Filali Abdelilah , Abda Naima
Published: February 2022

Background

The objective of the present study was to translate and linguistically validate in Moroccan dialect the original English version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The translation and adaptation of this scale are obtained by using the process forward translations and backward translations. The participants filled out the final questionnaire two times with an interval of 10 days. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient assesses the acceptability and internal reliability. As for the test-retest reproducibility, we used the inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (95% confidence interval (CI)) and the kappa coefficient, as well as the convergent validity for each scale.

Results

The sample included 120 subjects, 49 men (40.8%) and 71 women (59.2%). The mean age of participants was 29.23 ± 6.69 years. The translated version was quite acceptable. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.83. The CCI (95% CI) was 0.99 (0.989, 0.995), while the kappa coefficient was 0.76. The correlations between the items of each questionnaire and its score showed good to strong positive correlations.

Conclusions

These results concluded that psychometric properties are adequate compared to the original version. Thus, this translated version had to be used for the sleep assessment in the Moroccan population.
Impact of early intervention on the population prevalence of common mental disorders: 20-year prospective study
Authors: Moran Paul , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Coffey Carolyn , Spry Elizabeth A. , Patton George C.
Published: February 2022

Background

The potential for early interventions to reduce the later prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) first experienced in adolescence is unclear.

Aims

To examine the course of CMD and evaluate the extent to which the prevalence of CMD could be reduced by preventing adolescent CMD, or by intervening to change four young adult processes, between the ages of 20 and 29 years, that could be mediating the link between adolescent and adult disorder.

Method

This was a prospective cohort study of 1923 Australian participants assessed repeatedly from adolescence (wave 1, mean age 14 years) to adulthood (wave 10, mean age 35 years). Causal mediation analysis was undertaken to evaluate the extent to which the prevalence of CMD at age 35 years in those with adolescent CMD could be reduced by either preventing adolescent CMD, or by intervening on four young adult mediating processes: the occurrence of young adult CMD, frequent cannabis use, parenting a child by age 24 years, and engagement in higher education and employment.

Results

At age 35, 19.2% of participants reported CMD; a quarter of these participants experienced CMD during both adolescence and young adulthood. In total, 49% of those with CMD during both adolescence and young adulthood went on to report CMD at age 35 years. Preventing adolescent CMD reduced the population prevalence at age 35 years by 3.9%. Intervening on all four young adult processes among those with adolescent CMD, reduced this prevalence by 1.6%.

Conclusions

In this Australian cohort, a large proportion of adolescent CMD resolved by adulthood, and by age 35 years, the largest proportion of CMD emerged among individuals without prior CMD. Time-limited, early intervention in those with earlier adolescent disorder is unlikely to substantially reduce the prevalence of CMD in midlife.
New symmetry in higher curvature spacetimes
Authors: Garat Alcides
Published: February 2022

New symmetries have been found in Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes. New symmetries have also been found in imperfect fluid curved spacetimes. We will prove in this paper that we can extend these symmetries to spacetimes with higher curvature terms. Higher curvature theories are in many cases associated to dark energy for instance. We provide further justification for these higher curvature formulations through the existence of a new symmetry.
Geometric perfect fluids from Extended Gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Mantica Carlo Alberto , Molinari Luca Guido
Published: February 2022

A main issue in cosmology and astrophysics is whether the dark sector phenomenology originates from particle physics, then requiring the detection of new fundamental components, or it can be addressed by modifying General Relativity. Extended Theories of Gravity are possible candidates aimed at framing dark energy and dark matter in a comprehensive geometric view. Considering the concept of perfect scalars, we show that the field equations of such theories naturally contain perfect fluid terms. Specific examples are developed for the Friedman-Lemaître-Roberson-Walker metric.
Insect cuticular hydrocarbon composition influences their interaction with spider capture threads
Authors: Joel Anna-Christin , Schmitt Dorothea , Baumgart Lucas , Menzel Florian
Published: February 2022

Insects represent the main prey of spiders, and spiders and insects co-diversified in evolutionary history. One of the main features characterizing spiders is their web as a trap to capture prey. Phylogenetically, the cribellate thread is one of the earliest thread types that was specialized to capture prey. In contrast to other capture threads, it lacks adhesive glue and consists of nanofibres, which do not only adhere to insects via van der Waals forces but also interact with the insects' cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) layer, thus enhancing adhesion. The CHC layer consists of multiple hydrocarbon types and is highly diverse between species. In this study, we show that CHC interaction with cribellate capture threads is affected by CHC composition of the insect. We studied the interaction in detail for four insect species with different CHC profiles and observed a differential migration of CHCs into the thread. The migration depends on the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon types as well as their viscosity, influenced by the ambient temperature during the interaction. As a consequence, adhesion forces to CHC layers differ depending on their chemical composition. Our results match predictions based on biophysical properties of hydrocarbons, and show that cribellate spiders can exert selection pressure on the CHC composition of their insect prey.
Insulin-like peptide 3 stimulates hemocytes to proliferate in anautogenous and facultatively autogenous mosquitoes
Authors: Martinson Ellen O. , Chen Kangkang , Valzania Luca , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R.
Published: February 2022

Most mosquito species are anautogenous, which means they must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs, while a few are autogenous and can produce eggs without blood feeding. Egg formation is best understood in the anautogenous mosquito Aedes aegypti, where insulin-like peptides (ILPs), ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) interact to regulate gonadotrophic cycles. Circulating hemocytes also approximately double in abundance in conjunction with a gonadotrophic cycle, but the factors responsible for stimulating this increase remain unclear. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, we determined that hemocyte abundance similarly increased in intact blood-fed females and decapitated blood-fed females that were injected with ILP3, whereas OEH, 20E or heat-killed bacteria had no stimulatory activity. ILP3 upregulated insulin-insulin growth factor signaling in hemocytes, but few genes – including almost no transcripts for immune factors – were differentially expressed. ILP3 also stimulated circulating hemocytes to increase in two other anautogenous (Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus) and two facultatively autogenous mosquitoes (Aedes atropalpus and Culex pipiens molestus), but had no stimulatory activity in the obligately autogenous mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis. Altogether, our results identify ILPs as the primary regulators of hemocyte proliferation in association with egg formation, but also suggest this response has been lost in the evolution of obligate autogeny.
Η φιλοσοφία της Αισθητικής Αγωγής στο ελληνικό κράτος
Authors: Αμανατιάδου Χριστίνα
Published: February 2022

Η διατριβή πραγματεύεται τον αξιακό αισθητικό προσανατολισμό του Ελληνικού κράτους έτσι όπως διαγράφεται μέσα από από την πορεία του μαθήματος της αισθητικής αγωγής από τα πρώτα προγράμματα του 1834 έως την περίοδο της Μεταπολίτευσης. Θεωρώντας ως βασικό ρόλο της εκπαίδευσης τη συγκρότηση γνωστικού πλαισίου και αξιών και την καλλιέργεια δεξιοτήτων και ικανοτήτων, προκύπτει το βασικό ερώτημα των ποιοτικών χαρακτηριστικών των αισθητικών κρίσεων που καλλιεργούνται από τις σχολικές βαθμίδες. Μετά από σύντομη βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση των όρων που εμπλέκονται στην έννοια της αισθητικής αγωγής, επιχειρείται μέσω της ιστορικής έρευνας και της μεθόδου ανάλυσης περιεχομένου και με βασική πηγή τα Ωρολόγια και Αναλυτικά προγράμματα σπουδών αλλά και τη βιβλιογραφία για την ιστορία της εκπαίδευσης, αρχικά μια καταγραφή των ωρών, του περιεχομένου και των στόχων των καλλιτεχνικών μαθημάτων προς διδασκαλία που προβλέπονται για τα Νηπιαγωγεία και τη Δημοτική και Μέση εκπαίδευση, ενώ στη συνέχεια ακολουθείται η ίδια μέθοδος καταγραφής για την κατάρτιση των διδασκόντων. Η καταγραφή ακολουθεί την χρονική εξέλιξη στην ιστορία της εκπαίδευσης, δίνοντας ιδιαίτερο βάρος στις εκπαιδευτικές μεταρρυθμίσεις και στην αλλαγή των διδακτικών μεθόδων, τονίζοντας ιδιαίτερα σταθμούς που εισήγαγαν τομές στο αντικείμενο ενδιαφέροντος της έρευνας, όπως είναι το Σχολείο Εργασίας. Στη συνέχεια, αναδεικνύονται οι παρατηρήσεις που αφορούν στο χρόνο και την αναλογία των μαθημάτων, τη συγκριτική αντιμετώπιση των τιθέντων στόχων και επισημαίνονται οι αλλαγές που υπέστη το κάθε μάθημα στο χρόνο, προκειμένου να αναδειχθούν, ως συμπέρασμα της έρευνας, ποιες αισθητικές αξίες διαπνέουν την επίσημη κρατική πολιτική κατά τη χρονική περίοδο ενδιαφέροντος.
The role of adiponectin in regulation of metabolism in dairy cows
Authors: Καλαμάρας Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2022

Το BCS έχει θεωρηθεί ως έμμεσο μέτρο της διατροφικής κατάστασης καιΗ διατροφή έχει αποδειχθεί ότι αλληλεπιδρά με την αναπαραγωγή. Αδιπονεκτίνη και λεπτίνη,λόγω των ευαισθητοποιητικών της δράσεων στην ινσουλίνη και της συσχέτισής τους με την κατάσταση του σώματος θα μπορούσε να είναιπιθανούς ρυθμιστές του μεταβολισμού κατά τη μετάβαση από την εγκυμοσύνη στη γαλουχία. οΗ εργασία που περιγράφεται σε αυτό το διδακτορικό έργο σχεδιάστηκε για να διερευνήσει το ρόλο του μεταβολικού, του σώματοςκατάσταση και διατροφικοί παράγοντες στη ρύθμιση της παραγωγικής και αναπαραγωγικής απόδοσης σεαγελάδες γαλακτοπαραγωγής, ιδίως όσον αφορά την ομοιόσταση της γλυκόζης και τις αδιποκίνες. Ιδιαίτερη εστίασηκατευθυνόταν στην κυκλοφορούσα αδιπονεκτίνη και τη συσχέτισή της με μεταβολικές και ορμονικέςκατάσταση και αναπαραγωγή. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι η αδιπονεκτίνη βρέθηκε να υπάρχει στο βόειο γάλασε συγκεντρώσεις παρόμοιες με αυτές του πλάσματος. Βαθμολογία κατάστασης σώματος, GH, ινσουλίνη, λεπτίνη καιΗ αδιπονεκτίνη έδειξε τη δυνατότητα να ρυθμίζει την ομοιόσταση της γλυκόζης και την αναπαραγωγική παραγωγή.Τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης κατέδειξαν μια αρνητική επίδραση της μακροπρόθεσμης μέτριας αύξησηςσυγκέντρωση ινσουλίνης στην αναπαραγωγική απόδοση. Επιπλέον, BCS στον τοκετό καιΤα ΔBCS είναι καθοριστικοί παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την αναπαραγωγική αποκατάσταση μετά τον τοκετόπρέπει να αποτελούν βασικά στοιχεία των συστημάτων παρακολούθησης της γεωργίας. Αν και περαιτέρωαπαιτείται έρευνα για την αντιμετώπιση της προτεινόμενης αρνητικής σχέσης μεταξύ της αδιπονεκτίνηςκαι GH, και για τον εντοπισμό άλλων διατροφικών παραγόντων που μπορεί να ρυθμίζουν την κυκλοφορούσα αδιπονεκτίνη,δεδομένα από αυτή τη μελέτη υποστηρίζουν τους ρυθμιστικούς ρόλους της αδιπονεκτίνης στο μεταβολισμό καιαναπαραγωγή. Επιπλέον, η αδιπονεκτίνη υπόσχεται να χρησιμεύσει ως υποτιθέμενος στόχοςμόριο που ενσωματώνει το μεταβολισμό, την αναπαραγωγή και τη διατροφική συμπεριφορά. ΠερισσότεροΕίναι σημαντικό ότι η υποαδιπονεκτιναιμία θα μπορούσε να είναι ένας άλλος εναλλακτικός μηχανισμός που συμβάλλεισε κακή γονιμότητα σε αγελάδες γαλακτοπαραγωγής. Η ενσωμάτωση αυτής της νέας γνώσης στοΗ ανάπτυξη καλύτερων διατροφικών στρατηγικών είναι ένα βασικό σημείο που εξετάζεταιβελτίωση της καλής διαβίωσης και της αναπαραγωγικής και παραγωγικής απόδοσης στις αγελάδες γαλακτοπαραγωγής.
The Economic Crisis in Greece and Cyprus. A Comparative Study
Authors: Maris Georgios , Maloina Stamatia
Published: February 2022

Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο παρουσιάζει και συγκρίνει οικονομικά στοιχεία της Ελλάδας και της Κύπρου  κατά την διάρκεια της τελευταίας δεκαετίας. Γίνεται μια ανάλυση και αξιολόγηση, όχι μόνο των οικονομικών διαπραγματεύσεων αλλά και των οικονομικών καταστάσεων που διαδραματίστηκαν και επηρέασαν τις εθνικές οικονομίες των δύο χωρών. Κύριο συμπέρασμα αυτής της μελέτης είναι ότι η οικονομική κρίση που έπληξε τις δύο χώρες, κατά την διάρκεια μιας δεκαετίας, έχει διαφορετικά αίτια αλλά παρόμοιες επιπτώσεις σε βασικούς πολιτικοοικονομικούς τομείς της εκάστοτε χώρας.
Climate Change Policy and Mental Health
Authors: Douki Stamatina , Tzagkarakis Stylianos Ioannis , Spyridakis Emmanouil
Published: February 2022

Η κλιματική αλλαγή αποτελεί ένα μείζον πρόβλημα που καλείται να αντιμετωπίσει η σύγχρονη κοινωνία. Η επίδραση της ανθρώπινης δραστηριότητας στο περιβάλλον, σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, έχει επιφέρει μη αναστρέψιμες αρνητικές επιδράσεις στην καθημερινότητά τους και στην ψυχική τους υγεία. Η παρούσα ερευνητική μελέτη στοχεύει στη διερεύνηση της κλιματικής αλλαγής, των επιπτώσεών της στη ψυχική υγεία του πληθυσμού και της χάραξης στρατηγικών αντιμετώπισης. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε περιλάμβανε την αναζήτηση σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας και ερευνητικών δεδομένων, τα οποία συλλέχθηκαν μέσα από την ηλεκτρονική βάση δεδομένων Google Scholar, Pub-med, μέσα από άρθρα, περιοδικά, διπλωματικές εργασίες και διδακτορικές διατριβές. Η μελέτη καθιστά ξεκάθαρο ότι η κλιματική αλλαγή επηρεάζει τη ψυχική υγεία του πληθυσμού, γεγονός που απαιτεί περαιτέρω διερεύνηση και σχεδιασμό για την υλοποίηση κατάλληλων προγραμμάτων ενημέρωσης και υιοθέτησης συνηθειών και συμπεριφορών, για την αντιμετώπιση και τον περιορισμό των περιβαλλοντικών συνεπειών της.
Four practice-based preliminary studies on Human Givens Rewind treatment for posttraumatic stress in Great Britain
Authors: Adams Shona , Allan Steven , Andrews William , Guy Keith , Timmins Jayne , Barr Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Background: Human Givens (HG) Rewind is a relatively unknown trauma-focussed treatment. This paper aimed to provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of Rewind to treat posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a variety of clinical settings in Great Britain.

Methods: An observational prospective design was used in each of the four studies. Standardised questionnaires were administered in every session. Pre- and post-treatment means and effect sizes were calculated for each study, as were ‘recovery rates’ and ‘reliable change’ rates.

Results: Across four studies, a total of 274 clients completed treatment and had complete data. The data capture rate ranged from 80-100%. The mean pre-treatment scores were in the severe range. The pre-post treatment effects sizes ranged from 1.90-2.68. The percentage of clients who were below the clinical cut-off after treatment ranged from 46-56% for the more conservative lower cut-offs, and ranged between 71-82% for the higher clinical cut-offs as used by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). Across the four studies, 83-96% of clients had ‘reliably improved’ (88-94% on trauma-specific questionnaires), with 4-17% having no reliable change on those questionnaires. The mean number of HG treatment sessions ranged from 5-6.5 sessions (range 1–24 sessions), with between 73% and 84% of participants completing treatment in six sessions or less.

Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that HG Rewind appears to be a promising trauma treatment in a variety of settings. A randomised controlled trial is now required to determine the efficacy of this treatment.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: a living systematic review protocol
Authors: Correa-Pérez Andrea , Guijarro Jorge de Vicente , Gaetano Gil Andrea , Ocaña Jiménez Juan , Luengo González Raquel , Rigau Comas David , Bendersky Josefina , Rojas Reyes María Ximena , Plana Farrás María Nieves
Published: February 2022

Background: Several primary studies and systematic reviews (SRs) have been published over the past 10 years to assess the safety and effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for ulcerative colitis. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for adult patients with moderate or severe ulcerative colitis.

Methods: We will carry out a living systematic review including only randomized controlled trials (RCT) irrespective of publication type, year and language of publication. To prioritize the intervention (TFM administration route), comparisons (placebo, alternative treatment or no treatment) and outcomes (clinical remission, clinical relapse, serious adverse events, clinical response, free time without corticosteroid treatment and health related quality of life) more relevant for supporting the clinical decisions in the treatment of UC patients, we will perform a Delphi process conducted by an expert panel in the field of gastroenterology and colorectal surgery. Searches will be performed in Epistemonikos database and results will be incorporated into the L·OVE platform identified as “Fecal microbiota transplant in ulcerative colitis”. We will evaluate the risk of bias of the included randomized trials using the ROB-2 tool and assess the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. 

We will monitor the L ·OVE platform every two months searching for relevant trials that could imply changes in the available evidence. The living process will end after 12 months of surveillance.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021257579 (29/10/2021).
DENOTATION OF DISCOURSE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sushkova Aigul R. , Bilyalova Albina A.
Published: February 2022

Background. Over the past thirty years, the concept of “discourse” has been closely integrated into many scientific disciplines, and therefore its determination is complicated. Researchers cannot come to a common opinion regarding this linguistic category. An overview of discourse in a diachronic perspective allows us to explore diverse approaches to its study and identify the most relevant definition of this linguistic term.

Purpose. In this paper, an attempt is made to interpret the term discourse by examining it in a diachronic aspect.

Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods (generalization, analysis) and a descriptive method.

Results. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical material, the authors summarize that there is no generally accepted interpretation of this linguistic category in the linguistic literature. The researchers agree and disagree in some ways, which is reflected in the inconsistency of their opinions. However, the review of scientific papers offered in this study makes it possible to get a summary view of linguists on this issue. Summarizing the data gained, the authors give their interpretation of the concept of “discourse”. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that a wide range of scientific applications of the term and the vector of scientific integration that is gaining popularity makes a significant contribution to the development of discourse theory as an interdisciplinary field of research.

Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied by researchers of scientific discourse, as well as in the preparation of textbooks on academic writing, the style of scientific text.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTRODUCTION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES BY THE EXAMPLE OF USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kudinova Olga A. , Kudinova Valentina I. , Kudinova Valentina I.
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of methods used by teachers to enhance reading skills atforeign language lessonsusing mobile applications, which can be effectively used in the process of teaching/learning a foreign language, as well as the generalization of research results taking into account existing realities and trends.

Methodology. The research is based on the theoretical study and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, as well as Internet resources related to the topic under study and general scientific methods, i.e., analysis and generalization are used.

Results. The results of the survey show that mobile applications can be used at different stages of the lessons devoted to reading comprehension.It helps to activate the learning process of the students, improve their language competence and motivation.As a result of the analysis of the scientific material, it was suggested thatthe integration of mobile applications that are directly aimed at developing reading skills will allow teachers to develop their ICT skills and improve their teaching methods, as well as it will allow students to engage in active and interactive learning, which also makes the progress of each student noticeable and facilitates the assessment of their knowledge.

Practical implications. The results of the study will help optimize the use of mobile applications for developing reading skills at language teaching lessons in higher education.