bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperactivation ofBDNF‐TrkB Signaling Cascades in Human Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH): A Potential Mechanism Contributing to Epileptogenesis
Authors: Semaan Suzan , Wu Jie , Gan Yan , Jin Yu , Li Guo‐Hui , Kerrigan John F. , Chang Yong‐Chang , Huang Yao
Published: October 2014

Aims

Although compelling evidence suggests that human hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is intrinsically epileptogenic for gelastic seizures, the molecular mechanisms responsible for epileptogenesis withinHHremain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hyperactivation ofBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways in surgically resectedHHtissue is a possible mechanism for downregulation ofKCC2 expression, which in turn underliesGABA‐mediated excitation withinHH.

Methods

Activation of three majorBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways includingMAPKs, Akt, andPLCγ1 were evaluated in surgically resectedHHtissue (n = 14) versus human hypothalamic control tissue (n = 8) using combined methodologies of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and electrophysiology.

Results

Our data show that compared with hypothalamic control tissue, inHHtissue, (i) activation of TrkB and expression of matureBDNFare elevated; (ii)MAPKs (includingERK1/2, p38, andJNK), Akt, andPLCγ1 are highly activated; (iii)KCC2 expression is downregulated; and (iv) pharmacological manipulation of TrkB signaling altersHHneuronal firing rate.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that multipleBDNF‐TrkB signaling pathways are activated inHH. They act independently or collaboratively to downregulateKCC2 expression, which is the key component forGABA‐mediated excitation associated with gelastic seizures.
The reporting of research ethics committee approval and informed consent in otolaryngology journals
Authors: Murphy S. , Nolan C. , O'Rourke C. , Fenton J.E.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Medical research involving human subjects must follow ethical standards as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of reporting of informed consent and regional ethical committee (REC) approval in all reports of trials published in the major European Otolaryngology journals.

Design

Review of all clinical research articles published online in the calendar year 2012.

Setting

Three leading European Otolaryngology journals.

Participants

Clinical Otolaryngology, The Journal of Laryngology and Otology and The European Achieves of Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology.

Main outcome measures

Evaluate the incidence of reporting of REC approval and informed consent.

Results

Of the 767 articles reviewed, 401 met the inclusion criteria (manuscripts reporting human subjects, human tissue or identifiable personal data research which require ethical approval). 49.9% lacked a statement of REC approval and 42.9% lacked disclosure of informed consent. Articles that did not state REC approval were associated with not stating informed consent (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Articles that lack explicit statements of REC approval and informed consent are frequent and continue to be published in major otolaryngology journals.
The use of Tisseel™ fibrin sealant in selective neck dissection – a retrospective study in a tertiary Head and Neck Surgery centre
Authors: Mushi E. , Kinshuck A. , Svecova N. , Schache A. , Jones T.M. , Tandon S. , Lancaster J.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of drain‐free surgery in selective neck dissection (SND) by investigating the effects of the use of synthetic fibrin glue Tisseel™ on the drain output and overall wound healing.

Study design

Retrospective case review.

Setting

Tertiary referral unit in Head and Neck surgery.

Participants

The case notes of 30 patients who had undergone SND in levels I to IV were examined and compared. Tisseel was applied prior to wound closure in fifteen patients only.

Main outcome measures

Drain output, number of days of drain in situ and total number of days of hospitalisation as well as complications rate and type between the Tisseel and non‐Tisseel groups.

Results

Patients who had Tisseel applied in the wound had a mean drain output of 67.1 ml, which was significantly lower than 174.4 ml in patients who did not have it. Patients in the Tisseel group had the drain in situ for a shorter period and were hospitalised for fewer days than the ones in the non‐Tisseel group.

Conclusions

The use of Tisseel in SND resulted in lower drain output and shorter period of drain in situ and hospitalisation. There was no additional morbidity or complication associated with its use, and the initial conclusion is that this technique may have benefits not only to patient recovery but also for healthcare providers as they could potentially reduce the overall costs of surgery by reducing the length of hospital stay.
Changes of snoring sound after relocation pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnoea: the surgery reduces mean intensity in snoring which correlates well with apnoea–hypopnoea index
Authors: Li H.Y. , Lee L.A. , Yu J.F. , Lo Y.L. , Chen N.H. , Fang T.J. , Hsin L.J. , Lin W.N. , Huang C.G. , Cheng W.N.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To investigate objective changes of snoring after surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and correlate these with changes in the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI).

Design

Prospective case series.

Setting

A novel measurement, Snore Map, was used to analyse full‐night snore sounds in terms of the maximal/mean intensity, peak/mean frequency, snoring index and energy type (Snore Map type, 0–4). Snore sound was classified into three bands according to frequency energy spectrum: B1 (40–300 Hz), B2 (301–850 Hz) and B3 (851–2000 Hz).

Participants

Thirty‐four male and two female OSA patients (mean age, 39 years; mean AHI, 53.1/h; mean body mass index, 26.8 kg/m2) with favourable anatomic structure were consecutively enrolled.

Main outcome measures

Parameters of polysomnographies and Snore Maps at baseline and six months after operation were compared. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Thirty‐two patients completed this study. The mean reduction in the total‐snoring index was insignificant but there were significant decreases in total mean intensity, total peak frequency, total mean frequency and Snore Map type after surgery. There were also significant decreases in the mean intensity in all three bands, the snoring index in B2/B3 and the mean frequency in B1 postoperatively. Changes in the total mean intensity, total mean frequency, B2 mean intensity and B3 snoring index positively correlated with change in the AHI.

Conclusions

Relocation pharyngoplasty significantly decreases both the snoring sound intensity and snoring frequency. These reductions are directly proportional to the improvement of OSA.
Concurrent Movement Impairs Incidental But Not Intentional Statistical Learning
Authors: Stevens David J. , Arciuli Joanne , Anderson David I.
Published: October 2014

The effect of concurrent movement on incidental versus intentional statistical learning was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants learned the statistical regularities embedded within familiarization stimuli implicitly, whereas in Experiment 2 they were made aware of the embedded regularities and were instructed explicitly to learn these regularities. Experiment 1 demonstrated that while the control group were able to learn the statistical regularities, the resistance‐free cycling group and the exercise group did not demonstrate learning. This is in contrast with the findings of Experiment 2, where all three groups demonstrated significant levels of learning. The results suggest that the movement demands, rather than the physiological stress, interfered with statistical learning. We suggest movement activates the striatum, which is not only responsible for motor control but also plays a role in incidental learning.
Do Lemmas Speak German? A Verb Position Effect in German Structural Priming
Authors: Chang Franklin , Baumann Michael , Pappert Sandra , Fitz Hartmut
Published: October 2014

Lexicalized theories of syntax often assume that verb‐structure regularities are mediated by lemmas, which abstract over variation in verb tense and aspect. German syntax seems to challenge this assumption, because verb position depends on tense and aspect. To examine how German speakers link these elements, a structural priming study was performed which varied syntactic structure, verb position (encoded by tense and aspect), and verb overlap. Abstract structural priming was found, both within and across verb position, but priming was larger when the verb position was the same between prime and target. Priming was boosted by verb overlap, but there was no interaction with verb position. The results can be explained by a lemma model where tense and aspect are linked to structural choices in German. Since the architecture of this lemma model is not consistent with results from English, a connectionist model was developed which could explain the cross‐linguistic variation in the production system. Together, these findings support the view that language learning plays an important role in determining the nature of structural priming in different languages.
Delays for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancers: a systematic review
Authors: Vinas Florent , Ben Hassen Ikram , Jabot Laurence , Monnet Isabelle , Chouaid Christos
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims

The impact of diagnosis and treatment delays for non‐small cell lung cancer management is poorly understood, even if the literature on the subject is currently increasing in importance. We have few indicators that can serve as reference for quality assurance actions. The objective of this review was to review the literature on the subject.

Methods

A literature search, using the words ‘human lung cancer delay’ and ‘human lung cancer waiting time’, was undertaken in Medline database.

Results

Several studies analyzed these delays mostly in a monocentric setting. There is an important variability in the definition of these delays, in the collection methods and in the results obtained. However, it seems distinctly clear that long delays are frequently observed in less symptomatic patients and, therefore, are accompanied by better prognosis.

Conclusion

More standardized definitions and procedures to calculate time intervals between cancer diagnosis and treatment should be implemented to better understand the delays of lung cancer management.
Comparison of pressure and volume‐controlled ventilation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations
Authors: Aydın Venera , Kabukcu Hanife Karakaya , Sahin Nursel , Mesci Ayhan , Arici Ayse Gulbin , Kahveci Gulsum , Ozmete Ozgen
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has many advantages such as shorter hospital stay of patients, minimal postoperative pain, rapid recovery after the operation; however, systemic disadvantages because intra‐abdominal pressure, position and general anaesthesia may also appear. In this study, pressure‐controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume‐controlled ventilation (VCV) modes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were compared in terms of their effects on haemodynamic, respiratory and blood gas parameters.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to the modes of mechanical ventilation, either to the PCV group, group P (35 patients) or to the VCV group, group V (35 patients). A standard electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, non‐invasive blood pressure, end‐tidal CO2, BIS and TOF monitoring were performed. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium. Anaesthesia was maintained with 50% O2 + 50% N2O, propofol infusion and fentanyl. Haemodynamic data, respiratory parameters, arterial blood gases of the patients were measured. Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system, oxygenation index, alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient and dead space ventilation to tidal volume ratio were calculated.

Results

No difference was detected between the groups in terms of descriptive data, operation, anaesthesia, pneumoperitoneum and recovery period (P > 0.05). Haemodynamic data and blood gas values were compared between the two groups, and no significant difference was found (P < 0.05). After pneumoperitoneum, lung compliance decreased in both groups, more importantly in the Group P (P > 0.05). Tidal volume increased 10 min and 20 min after insufflation in the Group V (P < 0.05). Alveolar dead space ventilation to tidal volume ratio before pneumoperitoneum and alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient after pneumoperitoneum were significantly higher in the Group P compared to the Group V (P < 0.05). Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

In this study, with volume‐controlled ventilation anaesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, higher tidal volume and lower alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient were achieved after pneumoperitoneum. These findings indicated that VCV mode can provide a better alveolar ventilation than PCV mode in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations.
Safety of interventional bronchoscopy through complication review at a cancer center
Authors: Hsu Li‐Han , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Ko Jen‐Sheng , Chen Chao‐Chun , Feng An‐Chen
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims

There have been rapid advances in the area of interventional bronchoscopy over the past 15 years, but associated complications have been rarely discussed. A longitudinal evaluation of the same operator's performance at a cancer center is reported.

Methods

A detailed record review of diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy between January 1997 and March 2013 was conducted.

Results

Among the 1358 diagnostic bronchoscopies, there were nine major complications requiring premature termination and three pneumothoraces found during follow‐up (0.88%). An escalation in the level of care was required for four patients with massive bleeding, asthma attack, sedation intoxication and myocardial ischemia, respectively. Six cases occurred after brushing (0.71%), and five cases before any sampling procedure was conducted. The complication rate was highest for peripheral lesions (1.03%). Among the 109 therapeutic bronchoscopies, no major patient‐specific complication occurred except for excessive granulation tissue formation following metallic stenting in one patient with benign tracheal stenosis.

Conclusion

The complication rate with regard to bronchoscopy is comparable with historical controls according to the related literature, and their occurrence appears to be sporadic, not relevant to patient characteristics and mostly related to the bronchoscopy itself rather than the introduction of new techniques. Bronchoscopy remains safe along with technical innovations. However, risk recognition and effective prevention is essential.
ASTRONOMICS IN ACTION: THE GRADUATE EARNINGS PREMIUM AND THE DRAGON EFFECT IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Sim Nicholas
Published: October 2014

This paper investigates the return to university education in Singapore using a new estimation strategy related to Chinese traditions where children born in the Year of the Dragon are believed to be superior. Because parents might time the arrival of their offspring on a Dragon year, this causes the Dragon cohort to be larger and university entry to be more competitive. First, we find evidence of a negative “Dragon effect” on university educational attainment. Then, using it as an estimation strategy, we find that university education has a ceteris paribus effect of raising earnings by at least 50% on average. (JEL I21, C26, J30)
Comparison of magnetic source estimation to intracranial EEG, resection area, and seizure outcome
Authors: Tenney Jeffrey R. , Fujiwara Hisako , Horn Paul S. , Rose Douglas F.
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is used to guide intracranial electroencephalography (ICEEG) monitoring and determine areas for resection. The purpose of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to report our experience using dipole modeling/dipole scanning, current density reconstructions, and beam‐forming methods in a large cohort of pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy.

Methods

Source localization results for each algorithm and seizure‐onset zone, defined by ICEEG, were described by three blinded reviewers according to five location criteria. The accuracy of each algorithm was then compared to ICEEG. The relationships between the accuracy of these algorithms (discordant, lobar concordant, sublobar concordant) and long‐term seizure outcome was calculated using positive and negative predictive values.

Results

Thirty‐two patients (mean age ± SD, 10.8 ± 5 years) were included in this retrospective review. No algorithms had sublobar concordance with ICEEG in all patients, including when algorithms were grouped by type (dipole modeling/dipole scanning, current density reconstruction, beam forming). Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) with excess kurtosis tended to be the most accurate, but there were no significant differences between algorithms. When comparing the source modeling with ICEEG findings, significantly more patients with a seizure‐free outcome were found to have lobar or sublobar concordance of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) (61.1%) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) (52.9%). Positive predictive values were highest for MUSIC (61.9%) and equivalent current dipole (ECD) (57.1%). Negative predictive values were highest for SAM(g2)‐VS (83%), minimum norm estimate (MNE) (75%), MUSIC (73.7%), and ECD (73.5%).

Significance

This study describes the use of multiple MEG source estimation techniques and demonstrates that all algorithms have similar rates of concordance with ICEEG. Also, the concordance or discordance of MUSIC with ICEEG was the best predictor of long‐term seizure outcome.
Is Committed Desire Intentional? A Qualitative Exploration of Sexual Desire and Differentiation of Self in Couples
Authors: Ferreira Luana Cunha , Fraenkel Peter , Narciso Isabel , Novo Rosa
Published: October 2014

The question of what heightens or diminishes sexual desire has long been a passionate theme across cultures in literature, arts, media, and medicine. Yet, little research has been conducted to determine what affects level of desire within couples. The degree of differentiation of self has been suggested as an important variable in shaping partners' level of desire. Through a qualitative analysis of dyadic couple interviews, this study provides an account of characteristics, processes, and trajectories of sexual desire and differentiation in 33 heterosexual couples of varying ages and relationship duration. Factors associated with high desire were change and autonomy, whereas conflict and children were reported to be desire‐diminishing factors. Innovation, sharing, autonomy, and effort emerged as desire‐promoting strategies, while fostering personal interests, investing in a positive connection, and enhancing personal integrity were identified as couples' strategies to promote and preserve differentiation of self. The results also shed light on couples' perceptions of whether and how sexual desire changes over the course of the relationship and challenge common cultural assumptions about desire in committed relationships—namely the myth that the only authentic expression of desire is that which occurs spontaneously and without intention and planning. Implications for couple therapy are discussed.
Fatigue crack growth in 7249‐T76511 aluminium alloy under constant‐amplitude and spectrum loading
Authors: Newman J. C. , Walker K. F. , Liao M.
Published: October 2014

Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted on compact, C(T), specimens made of 7249‐T76511 aluminium alloy. These tests were conducted to generate crack growth rate data from threshold to near fracture over a wide range of load ratios (R). Four methods were used to generate near threshold data: (1) ASTM E‐647 load reduction (LR), (2) compression pre‐cracking constant‐amplitude (CPCA), (3) compression pre‐cracking LR, and (4) constant crack mouth opening displacement LR method. A crack closure analysis was used to develop an effective stress‐intensity factor range against rate relation using a constraint factor (α = 1.85).

Simulated aircraft wing spectrum tests were conducted on middle crack tension, M(T), specimens using a modified full‐scale fatigue test spectrum. The tests were used to develop the constraint‐loss regime (plane strain to plane stress; α = 1.85 to 1.15) behaviour. Comparisons were made between the spectrum tests and calculations made with the FASTRAN life prediction code; and the calculated crack growth lives were generally with ±10% of the test results.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: An unusual presentation of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura L. , Nagaraju Shankar P. , Prabhu Attur Ravindra , Manohar Chethan , Parthasarathy Rajeevalochana , Chari Brahmaiah
Published: October 2014

We report a series of three patients with end‐stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) as an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. All three patients were middle‐aged men. They presented with fever, pancytopenia, varying degrees of hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal liver function tests, coagulopathy, increased serum ferritin, and triglycerides. Tests for fever work‐up were negative. Bone marrow examination revealed hemophagocytosis and caseating granuloma. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in two patients. The HLH‐2004 diagnostic criteria suggested by the histiocytic society were followed to arrive at the diagnosis. All of them succumbed to death even before the definitive diagnosis could be made. We suggest that aggressive diagnostic work‐up must be done when hemodialysis patients present with fever and pancytopenia. Priority should be toward early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to improve the prognosis.
Barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence services for immigrant women in Spain
Authors: Briones‐Vozmediano Erica , La Parra Daniel , Vives‐Cases Carmen
Published: October 2014

Objective

To explore service providers’ perceptions in order to identify barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) services for immigrant women in Spain, according to the different categories proposed in Tanahashi's model of effective coverage.

Methods

A qualitative study based on 29 in‐depth personal interviews and four group interviews with a total of 43 professionals working in public services (social and health‐care services, women's refuges, the police force, the judiciary) and NGOs in Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante (Spain) in 2011.

Findings

Current IPV services in Spain partially fail in their coverage of abused immigrant women due to barriers of (i) availability, such as the inexistence of culturally appropriate services; (ii) accessibility, as having a residence permit is a prerequisite for women's access to different services and rights; (iii) acceptability, such as women's lack of confidence in the effectiveness of services; and (iv) effectiveness, for example, lack of specific training among professionals on the issues of IPV and immigration. However, interviewees also identified facilitators, such as the enabling environment promoted by the Spanish Law on Gender‐Based Violence (1/2004), and the impetus it has provided for the development of other specific legislative tools to address IPV in immigrant populations in Spain (availability, accessibility and effectiveness).

Conclusion

Whilst not dismissing cultural barriers, aspects related to service structure are identified by providers as the main barriers and facilitators to immigrant women use of IPV services. Despite noteworthy achievements, improvements are still required in terms of mainstreaming assistance tailored to immigrant women's needs in IPV policies and services.
A retrospective study to assess the relative value of peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy morphology, immunohistochemical stains, and flow cytometric analysis in the diagnosis of chronic B cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Q.‐Y. , Chabot‐Richards D. , Evans M. , Spengel K. , Andrews J. , Kang H. , Foucar K.
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The successful diagnosis of chronic B cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms (B‐CLPN) requires the integration of multiple parameters, beginning with clinical information, CBC data, and morphology review. Immunophenotyping is essential and genetic testing may also be necessary. However, the relative value of each specimen or ancillary study in the diagnosis and classification has not been systematically established. We have performed a blinded retrospective review to assess what in our laboratory was the relative value of each specimen type and ancillary study in the diagnostic workup of B‐CLPN.

Methods

A total of 185 cases of PB, BM, spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed for relative value of morphology, IHC, flow cytometry study in the diagnosis of B‐CLPN.

Results

‘High yield’ specimen was identified in most B‐CLPN categories, which was highly predictive of the final WHO diagnosis.

Conclusion

The goal of this retrospective study was to attempt to assess what was the relative value of morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular/cytogenetic study in various sites in the overall diagnostic process in our institution. We investigated the utility of the ‘high yield’ specimens in achieving the correct final diagnosis. In our study, some B‐CLPNs notably splenic marginal zone lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia variant, required all studies for a ‘best fit’ type of diagnosis. In other cases, the morphology of a single specimen type was highly predictive of the final diagnosis, although confirmatory studies are recommended for definitive diagnosis.
Use of Zarit Burden Interview in analysis of family caregivers' perception among Taiwanese caring with hospitalized relatives
Authors: Yeh Pi‐Ming , Chang Yuanmay
Published: October 2014

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between family caregivers' perception of caregiving and its influencing factors among Taiwanese with hospitalized relatives. The study used a cross‐sectional and descriptive correlational design. A convenience sample of 200 primary caregivers of hospitalized patients diagnosed with cancer, stroke and chronic illness was recruited in a Taiwanese Medical Center; this focus was chosen because cancer, stroke and chronic illness generally require long term care. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Pearson product‐moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the results of this study. Family caregivers who lacked family support and whose patients' ADL (activities of daily living) dependency was increasing experienced a greater caregiving burden. Family caregivers who had better psychological well‐being, better quality of relationship and more caregiving knowledge experienced a lower caregiving burden. Quality of relationship, lack of family support and patients' ADL dependency accounted for 43% of the Zarit Burden Interview variance. The results indicated that family caregivers' perception of caregiving included sacrifice, strain, embarrassment, anger and loss of control. It is vital for nurses to understand these caregiving perceptions and their related factors to provide a holistic care plan.
Scintigraphic Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion and Subcutaneous Administration in the Standing Horse
Authors: Spriet Mathieu , Buerchler Sabine , Trela Jan M. , Hembrooke Tara A. , Padgett Kerstien A. , Rick Mark C. , Vidal Martin A. , Galuppo Larry D.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To assess distribution, uptake, and persistence of radiolabeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using scintigraphy after intravenous regional limb perfusion (RLP) and subcutaneous injections in standing, sedated horses.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Horses (n = 12).

Methods

Six horses had RLP performed through the cephalic vein on 1 limb and subcutaneous injection in the metacarpal area in the opposite limb. The other 6 horses had RLP performed through the lateral palmar digital vein and subcutaneous injection in the coronary band. A pneumatic tourniquet was used for the RLP. MSC were labeled with technetium‐HMPAO. Scintigraphic images were obtained at the time of injection, 1, 6, and 24 hours later. Results of RLP were compared with results from previous studies where similar injections were performed in anesthetized horses.

Results

Both RLP techniques led to greater variability, lower uptake, lower persistence, and poorer distribution when compared to results previously reported for horses under general anesthesia. The subcutaneous injections in the metacarpal area and coronary band resulted in MSC loss to the general circulation but no evidence of local migration.

Conclusion

Due to partial or complete failure of the tourniquet, RLP performed in the standing horse as described is less efficient than performed under general anesthesia. Further work is needed to optimize the use of tourniquets to perform RLP for MSC administration in standing patients. The subcutaneous injections did not result in local migration in these normal horses.
Creep Control of U‐Bends Cores of Integral Ceramic Molds During Presintering
Authors: Miao Kai , Lu Zhongliang , Jing Hui , Li Dichen , Yin Ming
Published: October 2014

During the presintering of integral ceramic mold for hollow turbine blade, the U‐bends cores usually deform greatly or even break due to creep. The creep control of U‐bends cores was investigated in this study and an approach called “Barycenter‐Plane Method” was firstly proposed and adopted. A Finite Element Analysis model was built to simulate the process and the results indicated that creep was restrained as the stress and the steady‐state creep rate decreased by 58% and 47%, respectively. Based on the analysis of X‐Ray Scan, the validity of this method was also testified in experiments.
Effect of Ga2O3 on Sintering and Phase Stability of Sc2O3‐Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Prepared via Aqueous Solution Route
Authors: Hirano Masanori , Kojima Hideo , Minami Hideaki
Published: October 2014

The effects of the presence of Ga2O3 on low‐temperature sintering and the phase stability of 4, 5, and 6 mol% Sc2O3‐doped tetragonal zirconia ceramics (4ScSZ, 5ScSZ, and 6ScSZ, respectively) were investigated. A series of zirconia sintered bodies with compositions (ZrO2)0.99−x(Sc2O3)x(Ga2O3)0.01, x = 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 was fabricated by sintering at 1000°C to 1500°C for 1 h using fine powders that were prepared via the combination of homogeneous precipitation method and hydrolysis technique using monoclinic zirconia sols synthesized through the forced hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride at 100°C for 168 h. The presence of 1 mol% Ga2O3 was effective in reducing sintering temperature necessary to fabricate dense bodies and enabled to obtain dense sintered bodies via sintering at 1100°C for 1 h. The phase stability, that is, low‐temperature degradation behavior of the resultant zirconia ceramics was determined under hydrothermal condition. The zirconia ceramics codoped with 1 mol% Ga2O3 and 6 mol% Sc2O3 (1Ga6ScZ) fabricated via sintering at 1300°C for 1 h showed high phase stability without the appearance of monoclinic zirconia phase, that is the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation was not observed in the 1Ga6ScZ after treatment under hydrothermal condition at 150°C for 30 h.
News or Noise? Using Twitter to Identify and Understand Company‐specific News Flow
Authors: Sprenger Timm O. , Sandner Philipp G. , Tumasjan Andranik , Welpe Isabell M.
Published: October 2014

This study presents a methodology for identifying a broad range of real‐world news events based on microblogging messages. Applying computational linguistics to a unique dataset of more than 400,000 S&P 500 stock‐related Twitter messages, we distinguish between good and bad news and demonstrate that the returns prior to good news events are more pronounced than for bad news events. We show that the stock market impact of news events differs substantially across different categories.
Femoral Approach to Lead Extraction
Authors: MULPURU SIVA K. , HAYES DAVID L. , OSBORN MICHAEL J. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J.
Published: October 2014

Femoral Extraction

Laser and radiofrequency energy–assisted lead extraction has greatly facilitated this complex procedure. Although success rates are high, in some instances alternate methods of extraction are required. In this review, we discuss techniques for femoral extraction of implanted leads and retained fragments. The major tools available, including commonly used snares and delivery tools, are discussed. We briefly describe combined internal jugular and femoral venous extraction approaches, as well as complimentary utilization of more than one technique via the femoral vein. Animated and procedural sequences are included to help the reader visualize the key components of these techniques.
Obesity Is Significantly Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in 2‐ to 9‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Messiah Sarah E. , Vidot Denise C. , Gurnurkar Shilpa , Alhezayen Reem , Natale Ruby A. , Arheart Kristopher L.
Published: October 2014

The objective of this analysis was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in ethnically diverse young children. A retrospective medical chart review identified overweight/obese 2‐ to 9‐year‐old children (N=147) from a local pediatric clinic who were matched (for age, sex, and ethnicity) with normal weight patients from the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N=294). Comparisons of mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, total, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were conducted. Results showed that compared with the population‐based normal‐weight sample, the local overweight/obese sample was significantly more likely to have diastolic prehypertension (15% vs 75%, P<.0001), systolic prehypertension (10% vs 43%, P<.0001), and the lowest quintile of HDL cholesterol (19% vs 34%, P=.003). At this young age, excess weight is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. These results suggest that overweight/obese children in this age group should be monitored closely to prevent potential chronic disease risk.
Ezetimibe combined with standard diet and exercise therapy improves insulin resistance and atherosclerotic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ohbu‐Murayama Kyoko , Adachi Hisashi , Hirai Yuji , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Obuchi Aya , Yoshimura Ayako , Nakamura Sachiko , Nohara Yume , Nakao Erika , Umeki Yoko , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: October 2014

Aims/Introduction

Ezetimibe lowers serum lipid levels by inhibiting intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol. However, the effect of ezetimibe on insulin resistance remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine this issue in patients with metabolic syndrome in local‐dwelling Japanese, who were not being treated with lipid‐lowering drugs.

Materials and Methods

In 2009, 1,943 participants received a health examination in the Tanushimaru Study, a Japanese cohort of the Seven Countries Study, of whom 490 participants had metabolic syndrome. Among them, 61 participants (41 men and 20 women) were examined in the present study. They were treated with 10 mg of ezetimibe once a day for 24 weeks, combined with standard diet and exercise therapy.

Results

Bodyweight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P = 0.002), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.011) significantly decreased after the observational period. There were no statistically significant differences in the effects of ezetimibe between men and women. Univariate analysis showed that the reduction of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was not associated with the improvement of other metabolic components.

Conclusions

Ezetimibe combined with standard diet and exercise therapy improves not only bodyweight and atherogenic lipid profiles, but also insulin resistance, blood pressure and anthropometric factors in metabolic syndrome in local‐dwelling Japanese. Interestingly, the improvement of insulin resistance had no correlation with other metabolic components.
Specialized avian Haemosporida trade reduced host breadth for increased prevalence
Authors: Medeiros M. C. I. , Ellis V. A. , Ricklefs R. E.
Published: October 2014

Parasite specialization on one or a few host species leads to a reduction in the total number of available host individuals, which may decrease transmission. However, specialists are thought to be able to compensate by increased prevalence in the host population and increased success in each individual host. Here, we use variation in host breadth among a community of avian Haemosporida to investigate consequences of generalist and specialist strategies on prevalence across hosts. We show that specialist parasites are more prevalent than generalist parasites in host populations that are shared between them. Moreover, the total number of infections of generalist and specialist parasites within the study area did not vary significantly with host breadth. This suggests that specialists can infect a similar number of host individuals as generalists, thus compensating for a reduction in host availability by achieving higher prevalence in a single host species. Specialist parasites also tended to infect older hosts, whereas infections by generalists were biased towards younger hosts. We suggest that this reflects different abilities of generalists and specialists to persist in hosts following infection. Higher abundance and increased persistence in hosts suggest that specialists are more effective parasites than generalists, supporting the existence of a trade‐off between host breadth and average host use among these parasites.
Everyday‐like memory for objects in ageing and Alzheimer's disease assessed in a visually complex environment: The role of executive functioning and episodic memory
Authors: Sauzéon Hélène , N'Kaoua Bernard , Pala Prashant Arvind , Taillade Mathieu , Auriacombe Sophie , Guitton Pascal
Published: October 2014

To investigate everyday memory, more and more studies rely on virtual‐reality applications to bridge the gap between in situ approaches and laboratory settings. In this vein, the present study was designed to assess everyday‐like memory from the virtual reality‐based Human Object Memory for Everyday Scenes (HOMES) test (Sauzéon et al., , Exp. Psychol., 59, 99) in ageing and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two aims motivated this study: the first was to assess multiple processes of episodic memory (EM) functioning embedded within contexts closely related to real life in ageing and AD using the multi‐trial free‐recall paradigm, and the second aim was to evaluate the mediating effects of executive functioning (EF), EM, and subjective memory complaints (SMCs) on age differences in the HOMES measures and in AD. To this end, the HOMES test and neurocognitive tests of EF and EM were administered to 23 younger adults, 23 older adults, and 16 patients with AD. The results were: firstly, compared to young adults, elderly adults presented only free‐recall decline that almost disappeared in recognition condition whereas AD patients exhibited a poor clustering, learning, and recognition performance, and also a high amount of false recognition; secondly, age differences as well as AD related deficits on the HOMES test were mediated by both memory and EF measure while those observed on false memory indices were only mediated by EM measure; thirdly, the HOMES indices are related to SMCs even when episodic or EF measures are controlled. Overall, the results supported the fact that the VR‐based memory test is an appropriate device to capture age‐related differences as well as the AD effect with respect to both in situ and laboratory settings.
Nasal steroids in snorers can decrease snoring frequency: a randomized placebo‐controlled crossover trial
Authors: Koutsourelakis Ioannis , Keliris Anastasios , Minaritzoglou Aliki , Zakynthinos Spyros
Published: October 2014

Although it is anecdotally known that nasal obstruction is associated with snoring, it remains unknown whether the application of nasal steroids could decrease oral/oro‐nasal breathing and increase nasal breathing, and subsequently decrease snoring indices. This study evaluated the effect of nasal budesonide on breathing route pattern and snoring. Twenty‐four snorers were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial of 1‐week treatment with nasal budesonide compared with 1‐week intervention with nasal placebo. At the start and end of each treatment period, patients underwent nasal resistance measurement and overnight polysomnography with concomitant measurement of breathing route pattern and snoring. Twelve patients were randomly assigned to a 1‐week treatment with nasal budesonide, followed by 2‐week washout period and a 1‐week intervention with the nasal placebo; and 12 patients were randomly assigned to a 1‐week intervention with nasal placebo, followed by 2‐week washout period and a 1‐week treatment with nasal budesonide. Nasal budesonide was associated with a decrease in oral/oro‐nasal breathing epochs and concomitant increase in nasal breathing epochs, decrease of snoring frequency by [median (interquartile range)] 15.8% (11.2–18.8%), and an increase of rapid eye movement sleep; snoring intensity decreased only in patients with increased baseline nasal resistance by 10.6% (6.8–14.3%). The change in nasal breathing epochs was inversely related to the change in snoring frequency (Rs = 0.503; P < 0.001). Nasal budesonide in snorers can increase nasal breathing epochs, modestly decrease snoring frequency and increase rapid eye movement sleep.
Time‐of‐night variations in the story‐like organization of dream experience developed during rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Cipolli Carlo , Guazzelli Mario , Bellucci Claudia , Mazzetti Michela , Palagini Laura , Rosenlicht Nicholas , Feinberg Irwin
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to investigate the cycles (2nd/4th) and duration‐related (5/10 min) variations in the story‐like organization of dream experience elaborated during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Dream reports were analysed using story grammar rules. Reports were provided by those subjects (14 of 22) capable of reporting a dream after each of the four awakenings provoked in 2 consecutive nights during REM sleep of the 2nd and 4th cycles, after periods of either 5 or 10 min, counterbalanced across the nights. Two researchers who were blind as to the sleep condition scored the dream reports independently. The values of the indicators of report length (measured as value of total word count) and of story‐like organization of dream reports were matched taking time‐of‐night (2nd and 4th cycles) and REM duration (5 versus 10 min) as factors. Two‐way analyses of variance showed that report length increased significantly in 4th‐cycle REM sleep and nearly significantly for longer REM duration, whereas the number of dream‐stories per report did not vary. The indices of sequential (number of statements describing the event structure developed in the story) and hierarchical (number of episodes per story) organization increased significantly only in dream‐stories reported after 10 min of 4th‐cycle REM sleep. These findings indicate that the characteristics of structural organization of dream‐stories vary along with time of night, and suggest that the elaboration of a long and complex dream‐story requires a fairly long time and the availability of a great amount of cognitive resources to maintain its continuity and coherence.
Effect of Duration of Packed Red Blood Cell Storage on Morbidity and Mortality in Dogs After Transfusion: 3,095 cases (2001–2010)
Authors: Hann L. , Brown D.C. , King L.G. , Callan M.B.
Published: October 2014

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) stored for >14 days is associated with increased rates of sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality in human patients.

Objective

To determine if duration of PRBC storage has an effect on morbidity and mortality in dogs after transfusion.

Animals

Dogs admitted to the Matthew J Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

Methods

A retrospective case review of dogs identified through blood bank logbooks that received PRBC transfusions (minimum, 5 mL/kg) between 2001 and 2010. Dogs were categorized according to major cause of anemia (eg, hemorrhage, hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis) for analysis.

Results

A total of 3,095 dogs received 5,412 PRBC units. Longer duration of PRBC storage was associated with development of new or progressive coagulation failure (P = .001) and thromboembolic disease (P = .005). There was no association between duration of PRBC storage and survival for all dogs overall. However, a logistic regression model indicated that for dogs with hemolysis, 90% of which had immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, longer duration of PRBC storage was a negative risk factor for survival. For every 7 day increase in storage, there was a 0.79 lesser odds of 30 day survival (95% CI, 0.64–0.97; P = .024).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Duration of PRBC storage does not appear to be a major contributing factor to mortality in the overall canine population. However, longer duration of PRBC storage may negatively impact outcome in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia, thus warranting further investigation with prospective studies.
Effect of Physiological Determinants and Cardiac Disease on Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Dogs
Authors: Damoiseaux C. , Merveille A.‐C. , Krafft E. , Da Costa A.M. , Gomart S. , Jespers P. , Michaux C. , Clercx C. , Verhoeven C. , Mc Entee K.
Published: October 2014

Background

In humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Animals

One hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.

Methods

We prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.

Results

An analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Age and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome.