bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relation Between Prenatal Emotion Dysregulation and Toddler Vocabulary Development: A Biobehavioral Approach
Authors: Wright Kira R. , Bruce Madeleine , Zhou Anna M. , Maylott Sarah E. , Raby K. Lee , Conradt Elisabeth , Crowell Sheila E.
Published: January 2025

Early language is shaped by parent–child interactions and has been examined in relation to maternal psychopathology and parenting stress. Minimal work has examined the relation between maternal emotion dysregulation and toddler vocabulary development. This longitudinal study examined associations between maternal emotion dysregulation prenatally, maternal everyday stress at 7 months postpartum, and toddler vocabulary at 18 months. Data were collected from 289 typically developing, monolingual children (54% female) and their mothers (63% White and non‐Hispanic; 56% held a college degree). During pregnancy, maternal emotion dysregulation was measured via self‐report and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Mothers completed questionnaires about their perceived everyday stress and their child's vocabulary at 7 and 18 months postpartum, respectively. Path analysis revealed that expectant mothers’ self‐reported emotion dysregulation was indirectly associated with toddlers’ expressive vocabulary via their level of postpartum perceived everyday stress. In addition, prenatal maternal resting RSA directly predicted toddlers’ expressive vocabulary size. These findings yield insights into the mechanisms by which perinatal mental health may shape early language development and highlight the potential utility of interventions targeting emotion dysregulation during pregnancy.
Dietary Shifts Among the Developmental Stages of the Ectoparasite, Argulus japonicus (Crustacea; Branchiura), Mirror Ontogeny as Shown Through Differences in Stable Isotope Ratios of Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N)
Authors: Gilbert Beric M. , Nachev Milen , Sures Bernd , Avenant‐Oldewage Annemariè
Published: January 2025

Food web architecture and trophic interactions between organisms can be studied using ratios of naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N). Most studies, however, focused on free‐living organisms, but recently, there has been growing interest in understanding trophic interactions of parasites. The crustacean ectoparasite Argulus japonicus is a well‐studied parasite of freshwater teleost fish, which has low host specificity and a cosmopolitan distribution. Little is known about the trophic interactions between various developmental stages of this parasite and its host. This study compares stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) among developmental stages of A. japonicus. It was hypothesised firstly that stable isotopes would vary among the developmental stages of the parasite with differences matching ontogenetic development of the parasite. Secondly, fractionation patterns among developmental stages would relate to different fish tissues and particles, such as algae, ingested by the parasite. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, were infected with A. japonicus, and different developmental stages of the parasite were isolated and prepared for stable isotope analysis. Differences in stable isotope enrichment correlated with the ontogenetic development of the parasite. In adult parasites, δ15N was higher than in the host's tissues, whereas stage two larvae showed the lowest δ15N values. Infection by A. japonicus alters δ13C ratios between infected and uninfected hosts, where the latter group showed lower δ13C compared to uninfected hosts. Source contribution comparison showed that algae was not incorporated into the diet of A. japonicus and tissues of the host served as the only dietary source of nourishment. These results further suggest that the diet of the parasite is mixed and correlates to the ontogenetic development of A. japonicus.
Extensive Admixture Among Karst‐Obligate Salamanders Reveals Evidence of Recent Divergence and Gene Exchange Through Aquifers
Authors: Nice Chris C. , Bell Katherine L. , Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren K. , Ott James R. , Tovar Ruben U. , Crump Paul , Diaz Peter H.
Published: January 2025

Karst ecosystems often contain extraordinary biodiversity, but the complex underground aquifers of karst regions present challenges for assessing and conserving stygobiont diversity and investigating their evolutionary history. We examined the karst‐obligate salamanders of the Eurycea neotenes species complex in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas using population genomics data to address questions about population connectivity and the potential for gene exchange within the underlying aquifer system. The E. neotenes species complex has historically been divided into three nominal species, but their status, and spatial extent of species ranges, have remained uncertain. We discovered evidence of extensive admixture among species within the complex and with adjacent lineages. We observed relatively low levels of differentiation among all sampling localities which supports the hypothesis of recent divergence. Nominal taxonomy, aquifer region and geography each accounted for a modest amount of the overall population genomic variation; however, these predictors were largely confounded and difficult to disentangle. Importantly, current taxonomy of the three nominal species does not reflect the admixture apparent in clustering analyses. Inference of migration events revealed a complex pattern of gene exchange, suggesting that Eurycea salamanders have a dynamic history of dispersal through the aquifer system. These results highlight the need for greater understanding of how stygobiont populations are connected via dispersal and gene exchange through karst aquifers. These results also highlight the applicability of population genomics data as a powerful lever for investigating connectivity among populations in systems where direct detection of dispersal paths is difficult, as in underground, aquatic systems.
Combining Individual‐Based Radio‐Tracking With Whole‐Genome Sequencing Data Reveals Candidate for Genetic Basis of Partial Migration in a Songbird
Authors: Weissensteiner Matthias H. , Delmore Kira , Peona Valentina , Lugo Ramos Juan Sebastian , Arnaud Gregoire , Blas Julio , Faivre Bruno , Pokrovsky Ivan , Wikelski Martin , Partecke Jesko , Liedvogel Miriam
Published: January 2025

Partial migration is a phenomenon where migratory and resident individuals of the same species co‐exist within a population, and has been linked to both intrinsic (e.g., genetic) as well as environmental factors. Here we investigated the genomic architecture of partial migration in the common blackbird, a songbird that comprises resident populations in the southern distribution range, partial migratory populations in central Europe, and exclusively migratory populations in northern and eastern Europe. We generated whole‐genome sequencing data for 60 individuals, each of which was phenotyped for migratory behavior using radio‐telemetry tracking. These individuals were sampled across the species' distribution range, including resident populations (Spain and France), obligate migrants (Russia), and a partial migratory population with equal numbers of migratory and resident individuals in Germany. We estimated genetic differentiation (FST) of single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 2.5 kb windows between all possible population and migratory phenotype combinations, and focused our characterization on birds from the partial migratory population in Germany. Despite overall low differentiation within the partial migratory German population, we identified several outlier regions with elevated differentiation on four distinct chromosomes. The region with the highest relative and absolute differentiation was located on chromosome 9, overlapping PER2, which has previously been shown to be involved in the control of the circadian rhythm across vertebrates. While this region showed high levels of differentiation, no fixed variant could be identified, supporting the notion that a complex phenotype such as migratory behavior is likely controlled by a large number of genetic loci.
O−Doped Carbon Nitride: A Recyclable, Metal‐free Photocatalyst for Oxidative Amidation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Amines under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Huang Zezhao , Xu Hang , Zhang Wenjie , Liang Zeyao , Lin Ping , Zhu Li , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: January 2025

Oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amines is a promising strategy for the synthesis of valuable amides. However, conventional methods often use toxic oxidants and additives, resulting in the generation of chemical waste. In this study, we report the catalytic oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amines using molecular oxygen under additive & metal‐free conditions in visible light, facilitated by an oxygen‐doped carbon nitride (OCN) catalyst. The OCN catalyst shows excellent activity in the production of various amides, demonstrating high functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the OCN catalyst can be reused several times without loss of activity.
Enhancing Agricultural Disease Detection: A Multi‐Model Deep Learning Novel Approach
Authors: Hamid Muhammad Khalid , Shah Said Khalid , Husnain Ghassan , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin , Al Maaytah Shahab Ahmad , Qahmash Ayman
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, has attracted significant interest in bioinformatics, with prominent applications in precision agriculture. A significant threat to the agricultural sector is the rapid propagation of diseases from affected to healthy plants, which, if undetected, may culminate in significant crop losses. This research focusses on employing multi‐model deep‐learning techniques to identify diseases in the leaves of economically significant crops that are potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, apples, and peaches. These crops are widely grown and crucial for food security, with disease outbreaks threatening yield and quality. This study evaluates the performance of deep learning models, including VGG16, MobileNetV2, Xception, and ResNet, using four metrics, that is, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1‐Score. Furthermore, consumer research was undertaken to evaluate user trust in AI‐driven multi‐model systems, collecting feedback from farmers to inform future research directions. The results demonstrate that the VGG16 model outperformed all others in every evaluation criterion. Experimental simulations were performed in Jupyter Notebook utilizing Anaconda and Python. The findings indicate that the proposed multi‐model approach allows a scalable, non‐invasive, and contactless machine vision solution for the early detection of diseases in plant leaves, achieving an efficiency of 99% via multimodal classification techniques that incorporate statistical variables including mean, median, mode, skewness, and kurtosis.
Autonomous Power Sources for Electric Vehicles and Their Charging Infrastructure
Authors: Arhun Shchasiana , Hnatov Andrii , Sokhin Pavlo , Kunicina Nadezda
Published: January 2025

The development and integration of autonomous power sources (APSs) for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure are essential for reducing dependency on centralized power grids and advancing sustainable transportation. This study presents a novel APS model that integrates hybrid inverters, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage to create a reliable, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly EV charging solution. The proposed system achieves a 30% increase in charging efficiency compared to traditional grid‐dependent models. Furthermore, the APS model reduces operational costs by 40%–60% for EV fleet operators and demonstrates a potential CO₂ emissions reduction of 70%–90% by relying on renewable solar energy. The results highlight the APS's adaptability across various environmental conditions, making it suitable for deployment in both urban and remote areas. This work contributes to the field by providing a scalable and sustainable approach to EV charging that supports green urban infrastructure and promotes resilience in energy supply.
Laboratory‐Scale Assessment of Carbon‐Epoxy Structural U‐Channels Exposed to Flange Heating
Authors: Aspinall Tim J. , Erskine Emmajane L. , Denham Kevin A. , Taylor Derek C. , Hadden Rory M.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the combined thermal and mechanical response of pre‐loaded woven carbon‐epoxy U‐channels subjected to radiant heating conditions similar to those experienced by aircraft structures in the event of a fire. A custom‐built laboratory scale test rig was used to combine the mechanical loads and thermal boundary conditions. The main experimental aim was to measure failure times, failure modes, displacement and temperature distribution of the U‐channels. The results show that the U‐channels undergo multiple phases of decomposition when exposed to heat. These phases include physico‐chemical changes such as bubble formation, visible charring, and epoxy resin pyrolysis. Additionally, the U‐channels experience mechanical degradation through thermal‐induced delamination and torsional deformation, causing the flange furthest from the heat source to buckle. The rate of decomposition and loss of load‐bearing capacity are directly proportional to heat flux, with higher heat fluxes accelerating these processes. Analysis of displacement data reveals that higher heat fluxes correlate with lower displacement variability over time for U‐channels under identical thermal conditions. Temperature measurements indicate that higher heat fluxes result in higher temperatures but lower temperature gradients, directly influencing failure times and modes. Consequently, higher temperatures lead to shorter failure times, while lower temperatures extend failure times. The findings from this study will provide valuable knowledge to inform optimised approaches, especially in the domain of aircraft structural fire safety.
MasqueradeGAN‐GP: A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Evading Black‐Box Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Dong Baishun , Wang Hongsen , Luo Rubin
Published: January 2025

The proliferation of sophisticated malware poses an escalating threat to economic and national security, demanding a reevaluation of cybersecurity in next‐generation wireless networks like 6G. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) offers a crucial opportunity to enhance network defenses against increasingly complex cyber threats. However, the growing complexity of 6G technologies exposes current Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to covert malware exploitation, underscoring the need for more adaptive and resilient detection mechanisms. In response to these challenges, this study presents MasqueradeGAN‐GP, an innovative framework based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks with Gradient Penalty (WGAN‐GP). The MasqueradeGAN‐GP framework consists of a generator, responsible for transforming raw malicious traffic into a semblance of benign activity, and a discriminator, which dynamically assimilates the feature set of the IDS to discern between genuine and adversarial traffic. Additionally, it includes a restrictive modification mechanism to ensure the fidelity of attack vectors. Experiments conducted on the CICIDS 2017 and NSL‐KDD datasets indicate that MasqueradeGAN‐GP effectively evades detection, suggesting its potential for advancing IDS capabilities and reinforcing AI‐driven security solutions within the 6G landscape. This contributes to building a more robust detection system capable of facing adversarial malware attacks in future wireless communications.
Exploring the Synergy of Metallic Antimicrobial Agents in Ternary Blends of PHB/PLA/PCL
Authors: Engler Leonardo G. , Giustina Marina Della , Giovanela Marcelo , Roesch‐Ely Mariana , Gately Noel , Major Ian , Crespo Janaina S. , Devine Declan M.
Published: January 2025

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of antimicrobial additives (ZnO/AgNPs and SiO2/AgNPs) on the properties of biodegradable ternary blends composed of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) by examining the morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity index, and cell viability of these blends. Overall, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that AgNPs and SiO2 exhibited comparable sizes, whereas ZnO was significantly larger, which influences their release profiles and interactions with the blends. The addition of antimicrobials influences the rheology of the blends, acting as compatibilizers by reducing the intermolecular forces between biopolymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a matrix–core–shell structure, indicating enhanced interfacial interaction among the immiscible biopolymers, as predicted by their spreading coefficient. From thermal evaluations, PCL promotes overall thermal stability, where T5 (the temperature at which the sample loses 5% of its weight through thermal degradation) was more than 22% higher than T5 of blends, and the antimicrobials investigated tend to act as barriers to heat penetration, thereby influencing the degradation mechanism of the blends. Additionally, antimicrobials tend to increase material crystallinity, suggesting their nucleating effect. Both PLA and PCL have shown high viability for cell growth and proliferation. The 30/50/20 (PHB/PLA/PCL wt%) blends were conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation, achieving cell viability rates up to 85% irrespective of the antimicrobial concentration. SEM analysis also confirmed the presence of viable cells and attachment of organic cell structures over the surface of the produced materials. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of biodegradable ternary blends containing antimicrobial NPs, particularly for use in medical devices such as ureteral stents.
Gengnianchun Against H2O2‐Induced Oxidative Damage in KGN Cells via miR‐548m/FOXO3 Signaling
Authors: Li Jun , Rao Yanqiu , Pu Tao , Xu Ting , Wang Wenjun
Published: January 2025

Gengnianchun (GNC) is a traditional remedy used for diminished ovarian reserve, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore these mechanisms in human granulosa‐like cancer (KGN) cells pretreated with medicated rat serum (MRS) before H2O2 exposure. MRS pretreatment significantly alleviated H2O2‐induced cell damage, including improvements in cell viability, superoxide dismutase and GSH‐Px activities, and Bcl‐2 expression. Conversely, H2O2 treatment increased apoptosis, autophagosomes, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, and the expression of LC‐II/LC3‐I, Bax, and Beclin‐1. GEO database analysis revealed significant differential expression of several miRNAs, including miR‐548m. qPCR confirmed that MRS upregulated miR‐548m expression, which was downregulated by H2O2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Preincubation with MRS prevented the decline in miR‐548m expression and mitigated H2O2‐induced damage, including improvements in cell viability, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. miR‐548m suppressed FOXO3 3'‐UTR luciferase activity, and anti‐miR‐548m enhanced it. Transfection with miR‐548m reduced FOXO3 mRNA and protein levels, while anti‐miR‐548m increased them. These findings suggest that GNC protects against H2O2‐induced ovarian damage by modulating the miR‐548m/FOXO3 axis, triggering autophagy and apoptosis.
The Impact of Circadian Preferences on Quality of Life in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Evaluation Using the SF‐36
Authors: Ergün Uğur , Güleç Ahmet , Tan Taner Buğra
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that negatively impacts individuals' quality of life.

Methods

This study investigates the effect of circadian preferences on the quality of life in patients with GERD. A total of 152 participants (80 patients diagnosed with GERD and 72 healthy controls) were included in the study. Participants' circadian preferences were assessed using the morningness‐eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), quality of life was evaluated with the SF‐36 scale, and the severity of GERD symptoms was measured using the gastroesophageal reflux disease quality of life scale (GERD‐QOL).

Results

The study's findings indicate that the quality of life and circadian preferences of GERD patients differ significantly from those of the control group. Correlation analyses revealed a positive relationship between SF‐36 and MEQ, but no direct relationship was found between GERD‐QOL and SF‐36 or MEQ. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the effect of GERD‐QOL on SF‐36 is entirely mediated by circadian preferences.

Conclusions

These results highlight the significant impact of circadian preferences on the quality of life in GERD patients, suggesting that individuals with an evening chronotype may have lower quality of life. Our study contributes to the literature as one of the first to suggest that circadian preferences should be considered in the management of GERD.
Interaction Between YTH Domain‐Containing Family Protein 2 and SET Domain‐Containing Lysine Methyltransferase 7 Suppresses Autophagy in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes, Exacerbating Cartilage Damage
Authors: Li Lexiang , Zhu Jun , Chen Yi , Li Haobo , Han Yaguang , Zhang Lei , Wang Bo
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration mediated by various molecular pathways, including inflammatory and autophagic processes. SET domain‐containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SETD7), a methyltransferase, has been implicated in OA pathology. This study investigates the expression pattern of SETD7 in OA and its role in promoting interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β)‐induced chondrocyte injury through modulation of autophagy and inflammation.

Methods

The expression of SETD7 in cartilage tissues from OA patients and healthy controls was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis. Small interfering RNA targeting SETD7 (si‐SETD7) was transfected into human articular chondrocytes (HACs) treated with IL‐1β to examine its impact on cellular viability, apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and autophagy. Functional assays including Cell Counting Kit‐8, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and commercial kits were employed to assess biochemical changes. Interaction between YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2) and SETD7 was explored using RNA immunoprecipitation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays.

Results

SETD7 was overexpressed in OA cartilage compared with controls and increased further upon IL‐1β treatment. Knockdown of SETD7 in IL‐1β‐treated HACs improved cellular viability, decreased apoptosis, and reversed the adverse effects on lactate dehydrogenase release and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐6) while enhancing antioxidant enzymes (catalase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase). Additionally, autophagy was restored, as evidenced by changes in the levels of autophagy related 5, Beclin1, and sequestosome 1. Interfering with autophagy using chloroquine negated the protective effects of SETD7 knockdown. Furthermore, YTHDF2 was found to stabilize SETD7 mRNA, influencing its expression and enhancing IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte injury.

Conclusion

SETD7 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of OA by modulating chondrocyte survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy. The interaction between YTHDF2 and SETD7 exacerbates chondrocyte injury under inflammatory conditions, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. The YTHDF2/SETD7 axis offers a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms governing cartilage degeneration in OA.
Evaluation of Tumor‐Infiltrating Leukocytes in Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
Authors: Zhou Pei , Shi Xunbei , Ma Mengye , Wu Qianru , Wu Kunpeng , Li Feitian , Dai Chunfu
Published: January 2025

Objective

Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs), as rare low‐grade neoplasms, are primarily treated with surgery. This study analyzes the characteristics of tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) in ELSTs and their relationships with clinical features to explore the potential for immunotherapy in ELSTs.

Methods

Clinical data and tumor specimens of 10 ELSTs patients who underwent surgery were retrieved. Immune expression levels of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD66b were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and expressed as the integral optical density (IOD). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were performed to define the tumor nest and stroma of ELSTs.

Results

There were no significant differences in the IOD of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD66b between the tumor nest and stroma or between von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and non‐VHL patients. The IOD of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD66b appeared relatively higher in patients with endolymphatic hydrops (EH) than those without. Additionally, CD4 expression in the tumor stroma was significantly higher in patients with EH (p = 0.0381).

Conclusion

TILs were present in both ELSTs nest and stroma with significant individual heterogeneity observed among patients. Patients with VHL disease showed a similar immune pattern to those with sporadic ELSTs. Notably, the ELST‐related EH may be associated with lymphocytes infiltration. Combined with surgical intervention, immunotherapy may serve as an effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Speckle‐Free 3D Holography in the Wigner Domain
Authors: Pi Dapu , Ye Yiqi , Cheng Ke , Gu Min , Fang Xinyuan
Published: January 2025

Computer‐generated hologram (CGH) provides an approach to modulate the 3D coherent wavefront and has been widely used in many optical applications. Over the past few decades, extensive efforts have been made to design optimization models for high‐quality reconstruction. However, the reconstruction quality is still limited due to the mismatch of the bandwidth between the reconstructed field of interest and the reconstructed complex amplitude field in 3D space. Here, an ideal numerical light field mapping physical model from the hologram plane to the 3D image plane for speckle‐free 3D holography in the Wigner domain is established. With the aid of the Wigner distribution function (WDF), which allows the analysis of a light field from not only the space domain but also the spatial frequency domain, the bandwidth properties of the reconstructed field in 3D space are analyzed, which provides a guideline for the sampling of the reconstructed field to efficiently describe the speckles and artifacts. Accordingly, a comprehensive CGH optimization method in the Wigner domain is proposed to constrain the reconstructed intensity fluctuations without errors and omissions for high‐quality reconstruction. As such, this method enables speckle‐free and artifact‐free reconstruction with a twice improvement in peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and a five times improvement in structural similarity index measure (SSIM) compared to conventional phase‐only holograms. The optical experimental results show that this method paves the road for the future implementation of speckle‐free color 3D holography harnessing the advanced integrated photonic devices, and also offers an efficient and practical route for various optical applications, such as 3D display, optical encryption, beam shaping, optical computing and so on.
RNA modifications in cancer
Authors: Wu Han , Chen Shi , Li Xiang , Li Yuyang , Shi He , Qing Yiwen , Shi Bohe , Tang Yifei , Yan Zhuoyi , Hao Yang , Wang Dongxu , Liu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

RNA modifications are emerging as critical cancer regulators that influence tumorigenesis and progression. Key modifications, such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), are implicated in various cellular processes. These modifications are regulated by proteins that write, erase, and read RNA and modulate RNA stability, splicing, translation, and degradation. Recent studies have highlighted their roles in metabolic reprogramming, signaling pathways, and cell cycle control, which are essential for tumor proliferation and survival. Despite these scientific advances, the precise mechanisms by which RNA modifications affect cancer remain inadequately understood. This review comprehensively examines the role RNA modifications play in cancer proliferation, metastasis, and programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. It explores their effects on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the immune microenvironment, particularly in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, RNA modifications’ potential in cancer therapies, including conventional treatments, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, is discussed. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to bridge current research gaps and underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting RNA modifications to improve cancer treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
The Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on the Well‐Being of People With Borderline Personality Disorder: A National Australian Study
Authors: Heidari Parvaneh , Broadbear Jillian H. , Mohammadshahi Marita , Foroughinia Farzaneh , Brown Rita , Rao Sathya
Published: January 2025

Social isolation due to the COVID‐19 pandemic was a significantly destabilizing factor for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the well‐being of Australians diagnosed with BPD during the initial lockdown to restrict the spread of COVID‐19. An online survey asked Australian residents (≥ 18 years) who self‐identified with having a diagnosis of BPD, about their experience of “coronaphobia” using the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) as well as using open‐ and close‐ended questions to measure demographic and health information. The CAS data were analyzed descriptively. The World Health Organisation definition of health was used for deductive thematic analysis of qualitative data. Thirty‐five (24.5%) of the 143 participants who completed the CAS, experienced dysfunctional COVID‐19 related anxiety. Nearly half (n = 76; 46.1%) reported that their mental health became a lot worse. Utilizing the WHO definition of health, two main themes were identified: (1) Physical Health, and (2) Mental and Social Well‐being. Both themes included three subthemes that were variously affected by the national lockdown. Following the imposition of social restrictions to control the spread of the coronavirus, many people living with BPD experienced heightened challenges and greater vulnerability to adverse outcomes attributable to their underlying mental health symptoms.
Elevated Risk of Thyroid Malignancy in Biological Males Taking Estrogen Hormone Therapy
Authors: Meci Andrew , Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Goyal Neerav , Goldenberg David
Published: January 2025

Objective

The role of estrogen in developing thyroid malignancy is poorly understood. Epidemiological studies have shown exogenous estrogen is associated with increased risk in females. Still, no studies to date have investigated this association among biological males undergoing estrogen hormone therapy.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

TriNetX Research Network.

Methods

Biologically male patients prescribed estrogen with at least 5 years of follow‐up were queried from the database. Rates of diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland within 5 years of estrogen hormone therapy prescription were determined, and statistics were conducted within the TriNetX platform.

Results

We identified 6394 biologically male patients from 65 health care organizations prescribed estrogen hormone treatment. The average age was 44.4 years. When balanced for demographic factors as well as known risk factors for thyroid malignancy, the estrogen treatment cohort had a 0.64% risk for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy within 5 years, compared to a 0.27% risk among patients not taking estrogen (relative risk: 2.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.34‐4.15, P = .002).

Conclusion

We found a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer in biologically male patients prescribed estrogen hormone therapy. This is the first association found between estrogen and thyroid malignancy in this group.
Mechanism Insights Into High‐Performance Cu2+ Adsorption by ZIF‐8/PAN Nanocomposite Fibers: Coordination and Ion Exchange Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Li Ruimeng , Xu Haishui , Quan Ling , Zhan Chengyu , Han Peng , Xu Kehan , Tong Yuping
Published: January 2025

The accumulation of copper ions in the environment can devastate the ecological systems and threaten the health of organisms. Consequently, the development of effective adsorbents to extract Cu2+ from aqueous solutions is urgently needed. Here, the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZIF‐8)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposite fibers were synthesized by electrospinning and further characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). ZIF‐8 powders were uniformly distributed on the surface of the nanocomposite fibers, and amide CONH bonds were formed between the NH2 groups of ZIF‐8 and the CO groups of PAN. The ZIF‐8/PAN nanocomposite fibers demonstrated an exceptional Cu2+ adsorption capacity of 275.7 mg g−1 at pH = 4.0. The adsorption process adhered to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism, as conformed by FTIR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, involves the coordination of the NH2 and CO groups with Cu2+ and the ion exchange processes between Cu2+ and Zn2+ for the nanocomposite fibers. This study provides a novel approach for the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions and addresses the challenge of recovering powder materials in wastewater treatment.
MXene‐assisted click chemistry of L‐cysteine for the preparation of highly efficient damping materials
Authors: Peng Shuoli , Guo Liyun , Geng Feiyang , Liu Yudong , Liu Jinhui , Hua Jing
Published: January 2025

L‐cysteine, a bio‐based modifier with multiple functional groups (thiol, amino, and carboxyl), holds promise for polymer modification. However, its tendency to agglomerate and poor solubility in nonpolar polymers limits its effectiveness. In this study, 1,2‐polybutadiene (1,2‐PB) was intercalated within MXene layers to enhance L‐cysteine dispersibility. The intercalation allowed nanoscale distribution of 1,2‐PB within MXene sheets, while interactions between MXene's hydroxyl groups and L‐cysteine's polar groups promoted uniform dispersion in the rubber matrix. Compared with physical blending, the grafting degree of L‐cysteine is higher, thereby more effectively restricting the movement of molecular chains, which leads to an increase in the effective damping temperature by over 7°C. Additionally, due to the ionic interactions between the functional groups, the resulting composite exhibits favorable dielectric performance, with the dielectric constant increasing from 2.5 to 3.2. Experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic effect between MXene and L‐cysteine improves both the damping and dielectric properties of the resulting composites. This study presents a novel approach using two‐dimensional nanosheets and bio‐based thiols for modifying polybutadiene, offering a potential path for high‐performance functional materials.

Highlights

In‐situ polymerization enhances MXene distribution in the matrix.

Grafting degree of L‐cysteine increases with MXene incorporation.

Well‐dispersed MXene reduces L‐cysteine aggregation, enhancing mechanical strength.

Effective damping temperature rises by over 7°C with MXene and L‐cysteine.

Dielectric constant of composites increases from 2.5 to 3.2.
Circular economy: A sustainable model for waste reduction and wealth creation in the textile supply chain
Authors: Das Anik Kumar , Hossain Md. Farhad , Khan Borhan Uddin , Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Asad M. A. Z. , Akter Mahmuda
Published: January 2025

The textile industry has long been a cornerstone of the global economy, but its environmental impact has come under scrutiny, particularly with the rise of fast fashion driven by rapid population growth and short‐term trends. The industry's current linear economy model, which prioritizes constant production and disposal, exacerbates its environmental footprint. To address these issues, a circular economy (CE) model has emerged, emphasizing the principles of “reduce, reuse, and recycle” to extend product life cycles, transform waste into wealth such as recycled yarn, regenerated fibers, biofilms, biodegradable composites, biofuels and so on, and minimize environmental impact. Implementation of CE in the textile industry aligns with the UN's sustainable development goals, as CE aims to minimize water, resources, and energy consumption, accelerate economic growth, and promote responsible consumption and production. This article explores how transitioning to a CE model could mitigate the industry's environmental damage while influencing economic growth. Furthermore, how internet of things (IoT) (Internet of things) can be contributed to CE initiatives by providing a transparent traceability along the whole textile supply chain. The review begins by examining the drawbacks of the linear economy and then highlights the environmental and economic benefits of CE. The discussion includes waste management strategies, with a special focus on recycling techniques not only in the end products but also across various process sections of the textile industry, promoting a sustainable development and application of recycled fiber. Additionally, it explores approaches like resale, reuse, repurposing, and rental. Furthermore, the paper addresses the economic and environmental benefits from circular economy principles adaptation supported by industry‐specific data. This paper shows the connection of sustainable development goals (SDGs) with circular economy, effects of consumer behavior in CE and potential risks associated with adopting a circular economy model, which are crucial for its successful implementation.

Highlights

The linear textile economy worsens environmental impact through wasteful production.

Circular economy extends product life, transforming waste into valuable resources.

CE supports UN SDGs by reducing water, energy, and promoting responsible production.

IoT aids circular economy by ensuring transparent supply chain traceability in textiles.

The review focuses on CE's benefits, emphasizing recycling and sustainable waste management.
Effects of Long‐Term Storage on the Isotopic Compositions of Different Types of Environmental Waters
Authors: Diersing Carlynn , Li Yue , Wang Lixin
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Fog, dew, and rain are crucial for sustaining ecosystem functions, especially in water‐limited regions. However, they are subject to isotopic changes during storage due to their usual small sample volumes and inherent sensitivity to atmospheric particulates. Understanding long‐term storage effects on these water samples is essential for ensuring isotopic integrity.

Methods

In this study, the extent of such changes in the isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ18O, and δ17O) of fog, dew, and rain was investigated under different storage times (4.5–9 years) and different bottle fill levels (4.8%–92.4%) using the Los Gatos Research Inc. GLA431 series analyzer.

Results

The long‐term storage could lead to a large variation in oxygen isotopes of fog with minor effects on dew and rain samples. The isotopic changes of δ18O for fog waters were negatively correlated with the bottle fill level (p < 0.01) but positively related to storage time (p < 0.01). Chemical reactions between solutes and water molecules within fog samples may induce oxygen fractionation, leading to the high sensitivity of fog oxygen isotopes to long‐term storage. No significant changes in δ2H values were observed for the three water types.

Conclusions

Our findings could help understand the long‐term isotopic accuracy and precision of fog, dew, and rainwaters by providing information on isotopic changes after long‐term storage.
Dielectric and Photocatalytic Performance of Heterostructured Nanocomposites of Cobalt and Nickel Oxides Embedded in Zeolite 4A Matrix.
Authors: Rakesh K. E. , Antony Rosy , Sadanandan Sandeep , Philip Abin
Published: January 2025

Organic pollutants like malachite green pose severe environmental risks due to their toxicity and persistence in water bodies. This study explores an eco‐friendly solution for their removal via photocatalytic degradation using cobalt and nickel oxide‐doped zeolite nanocomposites (CoZ NC & NiZ NC), synthesized through a co‐precipitation method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses confirm the formation of FCC‐structured nanometal oxides on the zeolite matrix. Optical spectral analysis reveals low bandgap energies (2.84 eV for CoZ NC and 2.81 eV for NiZ NC), enabling efficient photocatalysis under visible light. These nanocomposites demonstrated effective photodegradation of malachite green, showcasing their environmental remediation potential. Dielectric studies indicate significantly higher dielectric permittivity in CoZ NC and NiZ NC compared to pristine zeolite. This enhancement is attributed to internal barrier layer capacitance arising from variable oxidation states of metal oxide nanoparticles and interfacial space charge polarization between the zeolite matrix and metal dopants. Uniformly distributed cobalt oxide nanoparticles provide superior permittivity in CoZ NC compared to the unevenly arranged nickel oxide in NiZ NC. Additionally, lower dissipation factors in CoZ NC and NiZ NC highlight their suitability as promising k‐dielectric materials for energy storage applications.
Metal‐Free Desulfonylative and C‐H Halogenation of Arenes: A Novel Approach for Haloarene Synthesis
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Kumar Rohit , Ghosh Mitushree , Yadav Ashvani , Prasad Virendra
Published: January 2025

We report a novel metal‐free approach for the desulfonylative halogenation of aryl sulfonyl chlorides and the C‐H halogenation of arenes. This strategy employs hypervalent iodine(III) as both an oxidant and a group transfer agent with tetrabutylammonium halides (TBAX) as a halide source. The method offers several key benefits, including the use of inexpensive and readily available reagents, simple reaction conditions, compatibility with air, and the absence of transition metals.
The Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Manganese Carbonate in an Acidic Medium
Authors: Krishnaveni B. S. , Devaraj S.
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, can be efficiently produced by electrochemical water splitting, which involves hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Both HER and OER require electrocatalysts. The large scale implementation of this technology depends heavily on the development of highly active, stable, and cost‐effective electrocatalysts. In view of this, several electrocatalysts have been explored. Herein, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of MnCO3 synthesized by hydrothermal method is reported. While MnCO3 is chosen as the electrocatalyst owing to cost‐effect and abundant precursors, environmental friendliness, and good electrochemical activity, the hydrothermal method is chosen for its simplicity, efficiency, and scalability. The micron size MnCO3 synthesized hydrothermally exhibits η10 of 143 mV, a Tafel slope of 72 mV dec−1 and retains its performance over 3000 cycles and 14 h of continuous operation in 0.5 M H2SO4, demonstrating its utility in sustainable hydrogen production.
Self‐Cascade of ROS/Glucose‐Scavenging Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Programmed Therapeutics of Infected Diabetic Ulcers via Nrf2/NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Meng Wei , Chen Xiaotong , Chen Yanyan , Li Mingshun , Zhang Lianying , Luo Qiujie , Wei Chenlu , Huang Guoqin , Zhao Pei , Sun Bin , Chen Ming , Zhang Qun , Chen Jinxiang
Published: January 2025

Diabetic ulcers (DUs) are characterized by a microenvironment with high oxidative stress, high blood glucose levels, and recalcitrant bacterial infections. This microenvironment is accompanied by long‐term suppression of endogenous antioxidant systems, which makes their clinical management extremely challenging. To address this issue, a hybridized novel gold‐palladium (AuPd) nanoshell of the injectable/injectable hydrogel system UiO/AuPdshells/BNN6/PEG@Gel (UAPsBP@Gel) is developed. The system is capable of acting as a nitric oxide (NO) reactor utilizing synergistic therapy that harnesses NIR‐II light‐triggered photothermal effects and controlled release of NO gas for synergistic treatment to eradicate biofilm infections at different depths. The AuPd nanoshells exhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐, glucose oxidase (GOx)‐, and catalase (CAT)‐like activities, enabling self‐cascade process for scavenging both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose. This activity reshapes the DUs microenvironment, switches on the endogenous antioxidant Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and inhibits the NF‐κB pathway, promotes macrophage polarization toward the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, and reduces oxidative stress, resulting in efficient immunomodulation. In vitro/in vivo results demonstrate that the UAPsBP@Gel can multifacetedly enhance the epithelial rejuvenation process through wound hemostasis, pro‐cellular migration and vascularization. These results highlight that a programmed therapeutic based on UBAPsP@Gel tailored to the different stages of infected DUs can meet complex clinical needs.
Effects of Breeding for Short‐Tailedness in Sheep on Parameters of Reproduction and Lamb Development
Authors: Hümmelchen Hannah , Wagner Henrik , Brügemann Kerstin , König Sven , Wehrend Axel
Published: January 2025

Background

Sheep's tail docking is a widespread practice, which is banned or critically discussed in some countries to improve animal welfare.

Objective

The aim was to determine the influence of breeding for short‐tailedness (ST) or long‐tailedness (LT) in sheep on the development of reproduction parameters and lamb performance.

Method

One hundred forty‐nine ewes were mated with four rams according to tail length. Pregnancy and pregnancy loss rates were calculated. During pregnancy, the progesterone levels (P4) of the ewes were measured. The weight and length of the 254 lambs were recorded up to 14 weeks of life. Litter size, placenta weight, sex, stillbirths, vitality, morbidity and mortality of the lambs were also documented.

Results

No significant differences were found for P4 and placental weight for the two mating groups (ST and LT). Although the pregnancy rate for ST was slightly lower (75.71%) than for LT (87.34%), there was only a low significant difference (p = 0.07). The sex distribution was 61 (48.80%) male and 64 (51.20%) female lambs in the ST group and 67 (51.94%) male and 62 (48.06%) female lambs in the LT group. The twinning rate was not significantly different (ST 75.20%; LT 75.97%), and no significant difference was found in the average body length and vitality of the lambs. However, LT lambs showed better weight gains that were marginally significant (p = 0.09).

Conclusion

This study found no evidence that reproductive parameters or lamb performance were affected by selective breeding based on tail length.