bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Atrophy of the Prostate
Authors: Billis Athanase , Magna Luis A.
Published: January 2021

Context.—Recently, prostatic atrophy associated with chronic inflammation has been linked to carcinoma either directly or indirectly by first developing into high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective.—The purpose of our study was to test this hypothesis in autopsies.

Design.—A step section method was used to cut the posterior lobe in coronal planes at intervals of 0.3 to 0.5 cm in 100 consecutive autopsies of men older than 40 years. Prostatic atrophy was classified as simple, hyperplastic (or postatrophic hyperplasia), and sclerotic and was analyzed for the presence of chronic inflammation. Prostatic atrophy without (group A) and with inflammation (group B) was correlated with the following variables: age, race, histologic (incidental) carcinoma, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and extent of both these lesions.

Results.—Of the 100 prostates examined, 12%, 22% and 66%, respectively, had no atrophy, atrophy without inflammation (group A), and atrophy with inflammation (group B). There was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B for age (P = .55), race (P = .89), presence of histologic (incidental) carcinoma (P = .89), extensive carcinoma (P = .43), presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P = .65), extensive high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (P = .30), or subtypes of prostatic atrophy. Neither a topographical relation nor a morphologic transition was seen between prostatic atrophy and histologic carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Sclerotic atrophy either alone or combined with other subtypes was more frequent in the group with inflammation. A striking morphologic finding was a topographical relation of focal inflammation with sclerotic atrophy in areas with erosion of the epithelium.

Conclusions.—Inflammatory prostatic atrophy does not appear to be associated with histologic (incidental) carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. One possible cause of inflammatory infiltrate associated with prostatic atrophy may be the extravasated prostatic secretions, which were noted in areas of eroded epithelium, a common finding in the sclerotic type of prostatic atrophy.
Pigmented Ependymoma With Lipofuscin and Neuromelanin Production
Authors: Chan Alexander Chak Lam , Ho Luen Cheung , Yip William Wai Lun , Cheung Fung Ching
Published: January 2021

We report an unusual case of ependymoma with pigmentation, a phenomenon that has only been described in a few cases, to our knowledge. This tumor occurred in the fourth ventricle of a 45-year-old man. It showed the typical histologic appearance of ependymoma with perivascular pseudorosettes and rare ependymal rosettes. Some tumor cells contained brown cytoplasmic pigment, which was shown histochemically to represent a mixture of lipofuscin and neuromelanin. The pigment was positive for acid-fast and periodic acid–Schiff stains and was also focally positive for Masson-Fontana and Schmorl stains (bleached by pretreatment with potassium permanganate). In addition, some other tumor cells showed a signet ring morphology as a result of prominent intracytoplasmic vacuolation. Immunohistochemically, all the tumor cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, and rare pigmented tumor cells also expressed HMB-45. Ultrastructural examination showed irregularly shaped heterogeneous electron-dense bodies corresponding to the pigment, and the cytoplasmic vacuoles were formed by dilatation of intracytoplasmic lumens lined by microvilli. Since lipofuscin production can occur in normal ependymal cells and neuromelanin has been suggested to be a melanized form of lipofuscin, it is not surprising that these 2 pigments can be found in ependymoma. In all the previously reported cases, the pigment was shown to represent melanin only. In our case, the HMB-45 positivity in rare tumor cells indicated that there might also be a minor melanin component in the pigment in addition to lipofuscin and neuromelanin.
Marked Calvarial Thickening and Dural Changes Following Chronic Ventricular Shunting for Shaken Baby Syndrome
Authors: Lucey Brendan P. , March Gary P. , Hutchins Grover M.
Published: January 2021

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who was abused at the age of 5 months. She suffered from complications frequently associated with shaken baby syndrome, such as hydrocephalus secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient underwent a procedure to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 weeks after her presentation with signs of abuse. The ventricular shunt remained in place throughout her life, and the patient received multiple revisions. She also was noted to have a markedly thickened calvarium on both radiographs and computed tomographic scan at 6 years old. She died following an episode of grand mal status epilepticus. An autopsy was performed and her skull was found to be thickened circumferentially. Histologic examination revealed increased cancellous space with normal trabecular bone. It is hypothesized that intracranial hypotension resulting from chronic ventricular shunting lead to her thickened calvarium, a condition previously reported as hyperostosis cranii ex vacuo. Dural changes seen microscopically corroborate this hypothesis.
Lymphoepithelial Cysts of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Carter Elliot , Ulusarac Ozlem
Published: January 2021

We report a case of multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland in a patient with severe chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland are rare lesions that are histologically similar to branchial cleft cysts found in the lateral neck. The cysts have an epithelial lining that is usually stratified squamous epithelium but may be focally respiratory-type epithelium. Abundant lymphoid tissue is present beneath the epithelium, and lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers are common features in the walls of the cysts. Because of their similarity to branchial cleft cysts and the presence of intrathyroidal branchiae-derived structures such as thymus and parathyroid gland tissue in the vicinity of some cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid have been postulated to arise from remnants of branchial derivatives; origination from solid cell nest remnants of the ultimobranchial bodies has been raised as a possibility. A definitive origin, however, has not been established. An association with chronic thyroiditis has been noted in 8 of the previously reported 16 cases occurring in a background of Hashimoto or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Produção de vídeos institucionais dos Geoparques Caçapava do Sul e Quarta Colônia: uma experiência em audiovisual
Authors: Dalmolin Aline Roes , Da Rosa Francys Albrecht
Published: January 2021

O texto relata a experiência da produção de vídeos institucionais sobre os Geoparques Caçapava do Sul e da Quarta Colônia através de um projeto de ensino e extensão da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). A realização dos vídeos envolveu a imersão dos alunos de produção audiovisual do curso de Comunicação Social - Produção Editorial no patrimônio e nos espaços geográficos dos geoparques, atuando nas etapas de pré-produção, produção e pós-produção audiovisual. A ação produziu um conjunto de seis vídeos, utilizados como material de divulgação e de apoio no sentido de credenciar os espaços dos Geoparques Caçapava e da Quarta Colônia à obtenção da chancela da Unesco.
CoolabBici: sistema de apoio para sensibilização e promoção do uso da bicicleta como transporte
Authors: Prado Gheysa Caroline , Coelho da Cruz Kamila Elisabeth do Espírito Santo Almeida , Caus dos Santos Marina , Teixeira dos Santos Carolina , Zem Messias Letícia
Published: January 2021

O projeto de extensão 'Sensibilização para o Uso da Bicicleta como Modal de Transporte pela Comunidade UFPR’ busca promover a mudança de hábitos na comunidade interna e externa à UFPR através do incentivo do uso da bicicleta como transporte. Para isso, o projeto realiza diversas ações educativas e de interação junto à comunidade e é o responsável a criação de um sistema de compartilhamento de bicicletas recuperadas, o CoolabBici. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e detalhar o processo de criação e funcionamento do CoolabBici, que foi desenvolvido utilizando princípios do Design Thinking de Serviços. Os resultados apontam para o funcionamento adequado do sistema e potencial de replicação e expansão.
Enfrentamento da violência doméstica e maus-tratos aos animais em tempo de COVID-19
Authors: Wolf Larissa Rachel , Muraro de Alvarenga Fernanda , Hauptman Letícia , Nunes Bruno Pedon , Garcia Rita De Cassia Maria
Published: January 2021

O Projeto de Extensão “Enfrentamento da Violência Doméstica e Maus-Tratos aos Animais em Tempo de COVID”, possui como objetivo a promoção de ações para o entendimento da Teoria do Elo pela comunidade, a fim de criar uma rede para o enfrentamento à violência doméstica e maus-tratos aos animais no período de pandemia, através da promoção de medidas socioeducativas por meio das Redes Sociais, criação Website, curso e palestras Online emateriais didáticos. Todo conteúdo foi desenvolvido por 31 alunos extensionistas de diferentes áreas do Brasil. Com o desenvolvimento do projeto foi notável a importância da disseminação de tais informações para a comunidade de forma didática e holística.
Educação em saúde para cuidado humanizado ao idoso com Alzheimer: extensão em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Marcondes Freitas Leite Nathan , Rocha Oliveira da Silva Jeiel , Gibbert Patrícia Cristiane , Rodrigues Barros do Nascimento Stella , Martinho Neudson Johnson
Published: January 2021

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é a patologia neurodegenerativa mais frequente associada à idade. Suas manifestações cognitivas e neuropsiquiátricas resultam na deficiência progressiva e eventual incapacitação, causando um sofrimento expressivo ao seu portador e a todos envolvidos, uma vez que pode levar à sua sobrecarga física e emocional. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a possibilidade de educação em saúde online com impactos positivos no que tange a novas aprendizagens quanto à DA. Foi elaborado um vídeo sobre a doença e o cuidado humanizado ao portador, sendo avaliado o impacto deste. Verificou-se que, a despeito do isolamento social, houve impacto positivo para os participantes avaliados.
School Counselor Perceptions of a Comprehensive School Counseling Model and Implications for Practice
Authors: Brewington Marva , Kushner Jason
Published: January 2021

The study examined school counselor perceptions of the American School Counseling Association’s Comprehensive School Counseling Program (CSCP) on academic outcomes (better-reported grades and better-standardized scores) of middle school students with a focus on recommendations for the tasks and responsibilities of school counselors. The study was qualitative and used a phenomenological approach through semi-structured face-to-face interviews to provide inquiry into school counselors’ perceptions of an effective school counseling program.
Dynamics of locomotion in the seed harvesting antMessor barbarus:effect of individual body mass and transported load mass
Authors: Merienne Hugo , Latil Gérard , Moretto Pierre , Fourcassié Vincent
Published: January 2021

Ants are well-known for their amazing load carriage performances. Yet, the biomechanics of locomotion during load transport in these insects has so far been poorly investigated. Here, we present a study of the biomechanics of unloaded and loaded locomotion in the polymorphic seed-harvesting antMessor barbarus(Linnaeus, 1767). This species is characterized by a strong intra-colonial size polymorphism with allometric relationships between the different body parts of the workers. In particular, big ants have much larger heads relative to their size than small ants. Their center of mass is thus shifted forward and even more so when they are carrying a load in their mandibles. We investigated the dynamics of the ant center of mass during unloaded and loaded locomotion. We found that during both unloaded and loaded locomotion, the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the ant center of mass are in phase, which is in agreement with what has been described by other authors as a grounded-running gait. During unloaded locomotion, small and big ants do not display the same posture. However, they expend the same amount of mechanical energy to raise and accelerate their center of mass per unit of distance and per unit of body mass. While carrying a load, compared to the unloaded situation, ants seem to modify their locomotion gradually with increasing load mass. Therefore, loaded and unloaded locomotion do not involve discrete types of gait. Moreover, small ants carrying small loads expend less mechanical energy per unit of distance and per unit of body mass and their locomotion thus seem more mechanically efficient.
Thottea tapanuliensis (Aristolochiaceae): A new species from Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mustaqim Wendy Achmmad , Putra Hirmas Fuady
Published: January 2021

Thottea tapanuliensis (Aristolochiaceae) is described here based on a plant collected from the west coast of northern Sumatra. This species is only known from type collection and is assigned here as Critically Endangered. Morphological descriptions, photographs, a distribution map, and discussions are provided. A key to all Thottea species in Sumatra is also provided.
The molecular pathology of pathogenic mitochondrial tRNA variants
Authors: Richter Uwe , McFarland Robert , Taylor Robert W. , Pickett Sarah J.
Published: January 2021

Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, caused by pathogenic variants in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. This heterogeneity is particularly striking for disease caused by variants in mitochondrial DNA‐encoded tRNA (mt‐tRNA) genes, posing challenges for both the treatment of patients and understanding the molecular pathology. In this review, we consider disease caused by the two most common pathogenic mt‐tRNA variants: m.3243A>G (within MT‐TL1, encoding mt‐tRNALeu(UUR)) and m.8344A>G (within MT‐TK, encoding mt‐tRNALys), which together account for the vast majority of all mt‐tRNA‐related disease. We compare and contrast the clinical disease they are associated with, as well as their molecular pathologies, and consider what is known about the likely molecular mechanisms of disease. Finally, we discuss the role of mitochondrial–nuclear crosstalk in the manifestation of mt‐tRNA‐associated disease and how research in this area not only has the potential to uncover molecular mechanisms responsible for the vast clinical heterogeneity associated with these variants but also pave the way to develop treatment options for these devastating diseases.
Small extracellular vesicles deliver TGF‐β1 and promote adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Tan Chunli , Sun Wenbo , Xu Zhi , Zhu Shuyi , Hu Weizi , Wang Xiumei , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Guangqin , Wang Zibin , Xu Yong , Tang Jinhai
Published: January 2021

Chemotherapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in the control of advanced breast cancer (BCa). We have previously shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can transmit adriamycin resistance between BCa cells. Here, we describe that sEV‐mediated TGF‐β1 intercellular transfer is involved in the drug‐resistant transmission. sEVs were isolated and characterized from both sensitive and resistant cells. sEVs derived from the resistant cells were incubated with the sensitive cells and resulted in transmitting the resistant phenotype to the recipient cells. Cytokine antibody microarray revealed that most metastasis‐associated cytokines present at the high levels in sEVs from the resistant cells compared with their levels in sEVs from the sensitive cells, particularly TGF‐β1 is enriched in sEVs from the resistant cells. The sEV‐mediated TGF‐β1 intercellular transfer led to increasing Smad2 phosphorylation and improving cell survival by suppressing apoptosis and enhancing cell mobility. Furthermore, sEV‐mediated drug‐resistant transmission by delivering TGF‐β1 was validated using a zebrafish xenograft tumor model. These results elaborated that sEV‐mediated TGF‐β1 intercellular transfer contributes to adriamycin resistance in BCa.
Adelomelon beckii
, The Giant Predator Snail: Integument
Authors: Arrighetti Florencia
Published: January 2021

The epidermal epithelium of
A. beckii
is composed of columnar cells, ciliated cells, and secretory cells. The columnar cells of the mantle epithelium secretes the shell. The glandular epithelium of the foot secretes the mucus necessary for locomotion.
Haliclona
: External Morphology
Authors: Zerarguia Islem , Stillitani Daniele , Borges Felipe dos Santos , Moraes Fernando , Vieira Ricardo P. , Costa Manoel L. , Coutinho Cristiano C.
Published: January 2021

The external morphology is relevant for taxonomy and is the first character to identify the sponge. A morphological description commonly includes the color, thickness, size, hardness, if encrusting on the substrate, if with projections, and the quantity, location, size, and shape of the osculum. The surface is also relevant for first identification, and the translucence, before and after fixation; the texture of the surface; and if it is uneven, reticulate, loosely connected to the choanosome, and easily detachable are considered.
Telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID‐19 transmission
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Barcelo Hélène
Published: January 2021

Finding messaging to promote the use of face masks is fundamental during a pandemic. Study 1 (N = 399) shows that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask, compared with telling them to “rely on their emotions.” In Study 2 (N = 591) we add a baseline. However, the results show only a non‐significant trend. Study 3 reports a well‐powered replication of Study 2 (N = 930). In line with Study 1, this study shows that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask, compared to telling them to “rely on their emotions.” Two internal meta‐analyses show that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask compared (1) to telling them to “rely on their emotions” and (2) to the baseline. These findings suggest interventions to promote intentions to wear a face mask.
Testing and transfer: Retrieval practice effects across test formats in English vocabulary learning in school
Authors: Barenberg Jonathan , Berse Timo , Reimann Laura , Dutke Stephan
Published: January 2021

The application of knowledge to new contexts (i.e., transfer) is a central aim of learning processes and has become a new focus of testing effect research. In a quasi‐experimental design, we investigated the transfer of retrieval practice effects on English vocabulary learning on eighth‐grade students (N = 182) by applying a typical testing effect study paradigm including study, initial test or restudy, and final test. The final test comprised four test formats, one identical to the initial test (non‐transfer context), and three deviating from the initial test (transfer context). Comparing testing and restudy conditions yielded a significant multivariate effect of testing across all final test formats and significant univariate effects in three of the four test formats. Comparing transfer and non‐transfer contexts revealed smaller retrieval practice effects when transfer was required. The results are discussed against the theoretical background of transfer‐appropriate‐processing, elaborative retrieval, and a distribution‐based model of retrieval.
Copper Clusters: An Effective Antibacterial for Eradicating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Xiangchun , Zhang Zhichao , Shu Qingming , Xu Chao , Zheng Qinqin , Guo Zhao , Wang Chen , Hao Zhenxia , Liu Xin , Wang Guoqing , Yan Wangjun , Chen Hongping , Lu Chengyin
Published: January 2021

Infections caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a threat to human health worldwide, making new effective antibacterial agents urgently desired. To date, it is still a great challenge to develop new antibiotics for MDR bacteria with clear antibacterial mechanisms. Herein, a novel alternative antibacterial copper clusters (CuCs) molecule is precisely synthesized utilizing an artificially designed theanine peptide. The prepared CuCs exhibit excellent broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, including gram‐positive bacteria (methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The robust antibacterial effect is due to its ability to not only destroy the bacterial wall structure, but also regulate the ratio of GSH/GSSG by inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase, thus causing the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and ultimately leading to bacterial death. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrate that CuCs can significantly rescue skin wound infections and sepsis in mice caused by MRSA, and has the same therapeutic efficacy as mupirocin ointment and first‐line clinically anchored anti‐MRSA drug vancomycin. Moreover, CuCs exhibit extremely low cytotoxicity to normal mammalian cells compared to silver and platinum clusters. With further development and optimization, CuCs has great potential as a new class of antibacterial agents to fight antibiotic‐resistant pathogens.
Hierarchically Structured Composite Fibers for Real Nanoscale Manipulation of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Jambhulkar Sayli , Zhu Yuxiang , Song Kenan
Published: January 2021

Carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced polymer fibers have broad applications in electrical, thermal, optical, and smart applications. The key for mechanically robust fibers is the precise microstructural control of these CNTs, including their location, dispersion, and orientation. A new methodology is presented here that combines dry‐jet‐wet spinning and forced assembly for scalable fabrication of fiber composites, consisting of alternating layers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and CNT/PAN. The thickness of each layer is controlled during the multiplication process, with resolutions down to the nanometer scale. The introduction of alternating layers facilitates the quality of CNT dispersion due to nanoscale confinement, and at the same time, enhances their orientation due to shear stress generated at each layer interface. In a demonstration example, with 0.5 wt% CNTs loading and the inclusion of 170 nm thick layers, a composite fiber shows a significant mechanical enhancement, namely, a 46.4% increase in modulus and a 39.5% increase in strength compared to a pure PAN fiber. Beyond mechanical reinforcement, the presented fabrication method is expected to have enormous potential for scalable fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with complex structural features for versatile applications.
High‐Quality Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Film Formation for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Pengyun , Han Ning , Wang Wei , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: January 2021

In the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented rapid development and become a promising candidate for a new‐generation solar cell. Among various PSCs, typical 3D halide perovskite‐based PSCs deliver the highest efficiency but they suffer from severe instability, which restricts their practical applications. By contrast, the low‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite‐based PSCs have recently raised increasing attention due to their superior stability. Yet, the efficiency of RP perovskite‐based PSCs is still far from that of the 3D counterparts owing to the difficulty in fabricating high‐quality RP perovskite films. In pursuit of high‐efficiency RP perovskite‐based PSCs, it is critical to manipulate the film formation process to prepare high‐quality RP perovskite films. This review aims to provide comprehensive understanding of the high‐quality RP‐type perovskite film formation by investigating the influential factors. On this basis, several strategies to improve the RP perovskite film quality are proposed via summarizing the recent progress and efforts on the preparation of high‐quality RP perovskite film. This review will provide useful guidelines for a better understanding of the crystallization and phase kinetics during RP perovskite film formation process and the design and development of high‐performance RP perovskite‐based PSCs, promoting the commercialization of PSC technology.
Biodegradable, Efficient, and Breathable Multi‐Use Face Mask Filter
Authors: Choi Sejin , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Jang Min , Kim Hyeri , Shin Giyoung , Koo Jun Mo , Lee Minkyung , Sung Hye Kyeong , Eom Youngho , Yang Ho‐Sung , Jegal Jonggeon , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Hwang Sung Yeon
Published: January 2021

The demand for face masks is increasing exponentially due to the coronavirus pandemic and issues associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). However, both conventional electrostatic‐ and nanosieve‐based mask filters are single‐use and are not degradable or recyclable, which creates serious waste problems. In addition, the former loses function under humid conditions, while the latter operates with a significant air‐pressure drop and suffers from relatively fast pore blockage. Herein, a biodegradable, moisture‐resistant, highly breathable, and high‐performance fibrous mask filter is developed. Briefly, two biodegradable microfiber and nanofiber mats are integrated into a Janus membrane filter and then coated by cationically charged chitosan nanowhiskers. This filter is as efficient as the commercial N95 filter and removes 98.3% of 2.5 µm PM. The nanofiber physically sieves fine PM and the microfiber provides a low pressure differential of 59 Pa, which is comfortable for human breathing. In contrast to the dramatic performance decline of the commercial N95 filter when exposed to moisture, this filter exhibits negligible performance loss and is therefore multi‐usable because the permanent dipoles of the chitosan adsorb ultrafine PM (e.g., nitrogen and sulfur oxides). Importantly, this filter completely decomposes within 4 weeks in composting soil.
A General Strategy to Boost Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction on Perovskite Oxides via the Oxygen Vacancies Derived from A‐Site Deficiency
Authors: Chu Kaibin , Liu Fuzhu , Zhu Jiawei , Fu Hui , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Yinlong , Zhang Yu , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: January 2021

The electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is an attractive strategy for green synthesis of NH3. Due to the ultra‐stable NN covalent triple bond, it is very challenging to develop highly selective and efficient electrocatalysts toward NRR. Here a general strategy to enhance the NRR activity through modulating A‐site‐deficiency‐induced oxygen vacancies of perovskite oxides is reported. One successful example is LaxFeO3−δ (LxF, x = 1, 0.95, and 0.9) perovskite oxides with tunable oxygen vacancies that are directly proportional to the La‐site deficiencies. As compared to the pristine LF, the L0.95F and L0.9F exhibit significantly improved NRR activities, which are positively correlated with the La‐site deficiency and the amount of oxygen vacancies. Among them, the L0.9F delivers the best activity, with an NH3 yield rate of 22.1 µg·h−1·mg−1cat. at −0.5 V and a Faradaic efficiency of 25.6% at −0.3 V, which are 2.2 and 1.6 times those of the pristine LF, respectively. Both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggest that the enhanced NRR activity can be mainly attributed to the favorable merits produced by the oxygen vacancies: the promoted adsorption/activation of reaction species, and thus optimized reaction pathways. Application of this strategy to other perovskite oxides generates similarly successful results.
Effects of olfactory training on posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Tianhao , Wei Yongxiang , Wu Dawei
Published: January 2021

Background

Posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is a clinical challenge due to refractory characteristics and limited therapeutic options. Olfactory training has been proved to be effective for olfactory dysfunction with varied etiologies. We pooled existing studies to evaluate the effects of olfactory training in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.

Methods

A systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies assessing olfactory change in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction after olfactory training.

Results

Of the initial 812 abstracts reviewed, 13 full‐text articles were included. Clinically significant results after olfactory training were defined as an improvement of threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score ≥6 or University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score ≥4. Six studies were included in the meta‐analysis, 36.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.45) of posttraumatic patients would achieve clinically significant results after olfactory training with a mean increase of TDI score of 4.61.

Conclusion

Olfactory training might be a promising modality for the treatment of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. More high‐quality studies with controls are needed to clarify the effect of olfactory training on total olfactory performance and subcomponents of olfaction.
The major life events taxonomy: Social readjustment, social media information sharing, and online network separation during times of life transition
Authors: Haimson Oliver L. , Carter Albert J. , Corvite Shanley , Wheeler Brookelyn , Wang Lingbo , Liu Tianxiao , Lige Alexxus
Published: January 2021

When people experience major life changes, this often impacts their self‐presentation, networks, and online behavior in substantial ways. To effectively study major life transitions and events, we surveyed a large U.S. sample (n = 554) to create the Major Life Events Taxonomy, a list of 121 life events in 12 categories. We then applied this taxonomy to a second large U.S. survey sample (n = 775) to understand on average how much social readjustment each event required, how likely each event was to be shared on social media with different types of audiences, and how much online network separation each involved. We found that social readjustment is positively correlated with sharing on social media, with both broad audiences and close ties as well as in online spaces separate from one's network of known ties. Some life transitions involve high levels of sharing with both separate audiences and broad audiences on social media, providing evidence for what previous research has called social media as social transition machinery. Researchers can use the Major Life Events Taxonomy to examine how people's life transition experiences relate to their behaviors, technology use, and health and well‐being outcomes.
Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen unter Längszug
Authors: Eilers Stephan , Albert Andrej , Schnell Jürgen
Published: January 2021

Zur Realisierung von schlanken, weit gespannten Deckensystemen im Hochbau werden zunehmend zweiachsig gespannte Hohlkörperdecken eingesetzt. Bei dieser Bauweise sind die Deckenquerschnitte im Vergleich zu massiven Stahlbetondecken planmäßig geschwächt. Gleichermaßen gilt dies für Stahlbetondecken, die als Installationsebene für Gebäudetechnik genutzt werden. In beiden Fällen führen die integrierten Hohlräume zu einer Minderung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von nicht querkraftbewehrten Stahlbetondecken. An der TU Kaiserslautern wurde in den vergangenen Jahren die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Leitungen eingehend erforscht. Die entwickelten Bemessungskonzepte stehen der Baupraxis mit den nationalen Erläuterungen zu EC2 [1] zur Verfügung. Der Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen ist jedoch weitgehend unbekannt. Aus diesem Grund wurde in einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der TU Kaiserlautern und der HS Bochum mithilfe von experimentellen Untersuchungen und numerischen Berechnungen das Querkraftversagen dieser Bauteile erforscht und es wurden Bemessungsvorschläge für die Praxis abgeleitet. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen den erwartungsgemäß ungünstigen Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit massiver Stahlbetondecken. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt sich bei Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen ein deutlich geringerer ungünstiger Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit. Die Forschungsinhalte geben Aufschluss über das Tragverhalten geschwächter Stahlbetonbauteile unter Längszug infolge einer direkten Einwirkung. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse wurde das bestehende Konzept nach [1] für die Bemessung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbauteilen mit integrierten Hohlräumen unter Längszug erweitert. Das Forschungsprojekt wurde durch das Bundesinstitut für Bau‐, Stadt‐ und Raumforschung (BBSR) mit Mitteln der Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau finanziell gefördert [2].
Generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis: The possible key role of slowed processing speed
Authors: Randers Lasse , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Fagerlund Birgitte , Nordholm Dorte , Krakauer Kristine , Hjorthøj Carsten , Glenthøj Birte , Nordentoft Merete
Published: January 2021

Objective

Widespread neurocognitive impairment is well‐established in individuals at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for developing psychoses, but it is unknown whether slowed processing speed may underlie impairment in other neurocognitive domains, as found in schizophrenia. The study delineated domain functioning in a UHR sample and examined if neurocognitive slowing might account for deficits across domains.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study included 50 UHR individuals with no (n = 38) or minimal antipsychotic exposure (n = 12; mean lifetime dose of haloperidol equivalent = 17.56 mg; SD = 13.04) and 50 matched healthy controls. Primary analyses compared group performance across neurocognitive domains before and after covarying for processing speed. To examine the specificity of processing speed effects, post hoc analyses examined the impact of the other neurocognitive domains and intelligence as covariates.

Results

UHR individuals exhibited significant impairment across all neurocognitive domains (all ps ≤ .010), with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's ds = −0.53 to −1.12). Only processing speed used as covariate eliminated significant between‐group differences in all other domains, reducing unadjusted Cohen's d values with 68% on average, whereas the other domains used as covariates averagely reduced unadjusted Cohen's d values with 20% to 48%. When covarying each of the other domains after their shared variance with speed of processing was removed, all significant between‐group domain differences remained (all ps ≤ .024).

Conclusion

Slowed processing speed may underlie generalized neurocognitive impairment in UHR individuals and represent a potential intervention target.
Brain region volumes and their relationship with disability progression and cognitive function in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pérez‐Miralles Francisco Carlos , Prefasi Daniel , García‐Merino Antonio , Ara José Ramón , Izquierdo Guillermo , Meca‐Lallana Virginia , Gascón‐Giménez Francisco , Martínez‐Ginés María Luisa , Ramió‐Torrentà Lluis , Costa‐Frossard Lucienne , Fernández Óscar , Moreno‐García Sara , Maurino Jorge , Carreres‐Polo Joan , Casanova Bonaventura
Published: January 2021

Background and purpose

Evidence on regional changes resulting from neurodegenerative processes underlying primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is still limited. We assessed brain region volumes and their relationship with disability progression and cognitive function in PPMS patients.

Methods

This was an MRI analysis of 43 patients from the prospective Understanding Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (UPPMS) cohort study. MRI scans were performed within 3 months before enrollment and at month 12.

Results

Gray matter volume of declive and white matter volumes adjacent to left straight gyrus, right calcarine sulcus, and right inferior occipital gyrus significantly decreased from baseline to month 12. Baseline white matter volumes adjacent to right amygdala and left cuneus significantly differed between patients with and without disability progression, as well as baseline gray matter volumes of left cuneus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right insula, left superior frontal gyrus, declive, right inferior temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus (pole), and right calcarine sulcus. Baseline gray matter volumes of right cuneus and right superior temporal gyrus positively correlated with 12‐month Selective Reminding Test and Word List Generation performance, respectively. Gray matter changes in right superior semilunar lobe and white matter adjacent to left declive and right cerebellar tonsil also positively correlated with Word List Generation scores, while white matter change in left inferior semilunar lobe positively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test performance after 12 months.

Conclusions

White and gray matter volumes of specific brain regions could predict disability progression and cognitive performance of PPMS patients after one year.
Pulmonary involvement in brucellosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abdollahi Maryam , Javadi Vadood , Shiari Reza , Rahmani Khosro
Published: January 2021

Although pulmonary involvement is rare in brucellosis it should be considered as a causative agent in patients with prolonged fever and arthritis. Also, it should be presented with manifestations resembling systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Postoperative amyloidosis of tongue base: Extremely rare complication after multilevel sleep surgery
Authors: Bahgat Ahmed , Vicini Claudio
Published: January 2021

Amyloidosis is to be considered in the differential diagnosis of postoperative edema of tongue base after its ablation. It might be triggered by surgical trauma. After establishment of diagnosis, cause of secondary amyloidosis should be excluded.
Successful treatment of T/myeloid mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia with the translocation (10;11)(p13;q14) PICALM/AF10 with 3 + 7 myeloid standard treatment: A case report
Authors: Krzisch Daphné , Zduniak Alexandra , Veresezan Elena‐Liana , Daliphard Sylvie , Contentin Nathalie , Penther Dominique , Etancelin Pascaline , Jardin Fabrice , Camus Vincent
Published: January 2021

The translocation PICALM/AF10 is described in multilineage diseases. We report a patient with PICALM/AF10 T/myeloid mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia who achieved durable complete remission after AML‐like treatment suggesting a myeloid origin.
Shave removal for videogame controller–induced knuckle pads
Authors: Flanigan Kendall , Kent Steven , Anne Potter Kathryn
Published: January 2021

Videogame controller–induced knuckle pads may present in a strikingly unique distribution. Successful paring without recurrence can be achieved when combined with removal of the original insult.
Postpartum unscarred uterine rupture caused by placenta accreta: A case report and literature review
Authors: Okaniwa Jun , Higeta Daisuke , Kameda Takashi , Uchiyama Yosuke , Inoue Maki , Iwase Akira
Published: January 2021

Key Clinical Message

Our case and the literature review suggest that placenta accreta spectrum, with use of uterotonics and manual removal of placenta, could be risk factors for postpartum unscarred uterine rupture.
Performance evaluation of free cyanide control strategies in a simulated gold leaching circuit
Authors: de Andrade Lima Luiz Rogério P. , Hodouin Daniel
Published: January 2021

A phenomenological dynamic model of gold ore leaching process in agitated tanks is derived and calibrated with a set of industrial data. This model is used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a three‐tank industrial plant and to test the performance of 12 different free cyanide feedback control strategies. The performance of the control strategies faced to step disturbances is quantified using an economic objective criterion, for both steady‐state and dynamic operating regimes. The results of set‐point changes for the three‐tank cascade show responses like those of a linear system for first, second, and third orders, since the tanks behave as perfect mixers. The steady‐state and dynamic results for the uncontrolled plant show large losses of gold at low cyanide consumption, while regulatory control of the cyanide concentrations in the first tank helps improve the economic efficiency. However, in the presence of disturbances other than those related to cyanide concentrations, the control of cyanide at constant set‐points might be detrimental to the plant economic performance and would require a supervisory optimal control of the set‐point values.
A longitudinal study of thyroid markers during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and post‐partum glucose metabolism
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Ping , Zhou Hua , Li Ling
Published: January 2021

Aims

To determine the relationship between thyroid markers during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or post‐partum glucose metabolism.

Materials and Methods

Based on pregnancy 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, 1467 subjects were grouped into normal glucose tolerance (NGTp; n = 768) and GDM (n = 699) groups. Furthermore, based on post‐partum 75‐g OGTT results, 286 GDM subjects, screened for glucose metabolism after delivery, were grouped into NGTd (n = 241) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT; n = 45) groups.

Results

Maternal age, family history of diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and caesarean section incidence, and thyroid positive antibody rates were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. In the first trimester, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. In the second trimester, free thyroxine (FT4) levels were lower and TPOAb and TgAb levels were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. After adjusting for confounding factors, FT3, TPOAb and TgAb (first trimester), and FT4, TPOAb and TgAb (second trimester) were risk factors for GDM. TPOAb and TgAb levels were higher in the AGT group than in the NGTd group and were potential predictors of abnormal post‐partum glucose tolerance.

Conclusions

GDM risk significantly increased with increased FT3 (first trimester), TPOAb and TgAb (first and second trimesters) or with decreased FT4 (second trimester). Presence of thyroid antibodies predicted post‐partum glucose abnormalities in subjects with GDM.
Development of Plasmodium‐specific liver‐resident memory CD8+ T cells after heat‐killed sporozoite immunization in mice
Authors: Ghilas Sonia , Enders Matthias H. , May Rose , Holz Lauren E. , Fernandez‐Ruiz Daniel , Cozijnsen Anton , Mollard Vanessa , Cockburn Ian A. , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Heath William R. , Beattie Lynette
Published: January 2021

Malaria remains a major cause of mortality in the world and an efficient vaccine is the best chance of reducing the disease burden. Vaccination strategies for the liver stage of disease that utilise injection of live radiation‐attenuated sporozoites (RAS) confer sterile immunity, which is mediated by CD8+ memory T cells, with liver‐resident memory T cells (TRM) being particularly important. We have previously described a TCR transgenic mouse, termed PbT‐I, where all CD8+ T cells recognize a specific peptide from Plasmodium. PbT‐I form liver TRM cells upon RAS injection and are capable of protecting mice against challenge infection. Here, we utilize this transgenic system to examine whether nonliving sporozoites, killed by heat treatment (HKS), could trigger the development of Plasmodium‐specific liver TRM cells. We found that HKS vaccination induced the formation of memory CD8+ T cells in the spleen and liver, and importantly, liver TRM cells were fewer in number than that induced by RAS. Crucially, we showed the number of TRM cells was significantly higher when HKS were combined with the glycolipid α‐galactosylceramide as an adjuvant. In the future, this work could lead to development of an antimalaria vaccination strategy that does not require live sporozoites, providing greater utility.
Lipid Based Nanocarriers: Promising Drug Delivery System for Topical Application
Authors: Patel Darshana , Patel Brijesh , Thakkar Hetal
Published: January 2021

Lipid based delivery system is gaining significant attention of researchers working on the development of novel formulations for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Topical drug delivery is needed in treatment of skin, eyes, rectum, vagina disorders and systemic disorders having skin manifestations. Lipid nanocarriers have widespread application in the topical drug delivery due to the biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and nonirritating nature of the lipid. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion contain lipids in the nanosize range which can lead to penetration of drug to the deeper skin layers. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanolipid carriers act by forming an occlusive layer on the skin leading to increased hydration and penetration of the drug. Vesicular carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, ultradeformable vesicles, cubosomes etc. are also reported to enhance the penetration of the entrapped drugs in deeper layers of skin. These carrier systems are mainly composed of lipids, surfactants, and co‐surfactants which are safe and quite acceptable by regulatory authorities. The present review article focuses on different types of lipid nanocarriers used in topical drug delivery, their advantages and limitations, mechanism of enhanced penetration, work reported in the related literature, characterization tests and their safety and toxicity concerns.
Health reform in Brazil: The sanitaristas as programmatic actors
Authors: Davidian Andreza
Published: January 2021

Brazil has one of the largest public health systems in the world. By applying the Programmatic Action Framework (PAF), this study provides an endogenous explanation for the health reform and brings new lenses to understand one of the most successful cases of social protection expansion. It demonstrates the relevance of a group of professionals who had a common perception of why the policy should change and a coherent policy change program. Cognitive frameworks, organizational resources, and strong professional culture allowed the sanitaristas occupying key positions in the state apparatus, behaving strategically as a collective actor. The evidence provided suggests the approach's relevance to this case due to considerations of political‐institutional specificities. Treating the sanitaristas as a programmatic actor is helpful to explain their role in promoting change and the endurance of the programmatic consensus they have built, which has been crucial to support the universal healthcare model in the country.