bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los diseños verticales y la agricultura unidos para la producción de alimentos en los Módulos para Huertas Urbanas Verticales
Authors: Navas Navarro Fritz Hammerling , Peña Torres Luz Mila
Published: March 2017

Los Módulos para Huertas Urbanas Verticales (MHUV) nacen como un híbrido de los jardines verticales y la agricultura urbana, siendo reconocidos los primeros desde hace unos 2500 años, principalmente con los jardines colgantes en Babilonia, y la segunda como una práctica efectuada por más de 700 millones de personas en el mundo. Los beneficios que los MHUV brindan son múltiples, pero tal vez el más significativo es el hecho de consumir alimentos libres de químicos, no transgénicos, regados con agua potable y orgánicos 100%. Se presenta un “módulo culinario y medicinal”, que puede ser dispuesto en el área de la cocina, azoteas, terrazas, balcones o patios, donde se cultivaron especies como tomillo, menta, hierbabuena, perejil, toronjil y romero para ser aprovechadas mediante el uso de cortes de secciones de tallos u hojas al momento de las preparaciones de los platos. El módulo está formado por tres canastillas de plástico, totalmente reciclables y resistentes al deterioro; cada canastilla tiene cuatro hileras y una capacidad para catorce plántulas.

Internamente están forradas con un geotextil negro; y luego son cubiertas con una malla (polisombra), la cual ayuda a sostener el sustrato y las plántulas; cada canastilla descansa sobre una estructura en madera reciclada (de estibas o guacales) que además de sostenerla verticalmente, cumple la función de impermeabilizante. La medida estándar de cada canastilla es de 0,55m x 0,33m x 0.14m. Cada módulo posee un equipamiento de mangueras para goteo, conectores para riego y un instructivo de uso. Se demuestran las ventajas de la Agricultura Urbana conjugadas con la belleza y dinamismo de los jardines verticales, lo que genera diseños útiles desde el punto de vista de producción de alimentos y ornato a los espacios donde los Huertos Urbanos Verticales sean dispuestos
Aporte de Nitrógeno al suelo por Mucuna pruriens y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de maíz dulce (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sanclemente Reyes Oscar Eduardo , Prager Mosquera Martín , Beltrán Acevedo Liliana Rocío
Published: March 2017

Se evaluó el aporte de nitrógeno a un suelo Typic Haplustalfs por parte de la especie Mucuna pruriens como abono verde y cobertura, y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de maíz dulce (Zea mays L.). Se encontró incremento máximo en el suelo de 201 kg ha-1, la cuál contrastó con el testigo. El tratamiento donde se usó el abono verde más compost 2.5 t ha-1 y fertilizante de síntesis 125 kg ha-1, obtuvo el mayor rendimiento de grano seco de maíz 7 t ha-1 el cuál se considera bastante bueno para esta zona agroecológica. El uso de compost y fertilizante de síntesis en la cobertura, no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento del maíz, posiblemente por su dinámica de pérdidas.
Aprovechamiento del lactosuero como fuente de energía nutricional para minimizar el problema de contaminación ambiental
Authors: Araujo Guerra Álvaro Vicente , Monsalve Castro Lina María , Quintero Tovar Andrés Luciano
Published: March 2017

En este artículo se trata de conceptuar el potencial que tienen algunos desechos orgánicos que pueden ser utilizados como fuentes de energía, como es el caso del lactosuero, provenientes de la industria de productos lácteos, el cual genera un serio problema ambiental, debido a que afecta física y químicamente la estructura del suelo, lo que genera una disminución en el rendimiento de cultivos agrícolas y cuando se desecha en el agua, reduce la vida acuática al agotar el oxígeno disuelto; por lo tanto es necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas para disminuir el impacto causado por este tipo de residuo de la agroindustria, los cuales buscan el aprovechamiento de desechos orgánicos como fuentes de energía para que microrganismos seleccionados sinteticen los compuestos orgánicos y posteriormente se logre la obtención de masas microbianas que constituyen una gran fuente alimenticia de alto valor proteico, que so­lucionen el problema de alimentación humana, el cual también implica resolver el problema de las fuentes de proteínas para la alimentación animal y de igual manera se haría un aporte para minimizar el problema de contaminación ambiental.
The importance of compression elastography in the evaluation of thyroid nodule malignancy
Authors: Gasic Milos , Stajic Sava , Vitosevic Biljana , Mandic Predrag , Ciric Jasmina , Bexheti Dorentina , Milisavljevic Milan , Vitosevic Zdravko
Published: March 2017

Introduction/Objective. Compression, also called strain elastography imaging techniques, represent new echotomographic modality, which is a promising method for the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions, not only in the thyroid gland but also in other organs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of compression elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods. We performed echotomographic examinations in B mode, and examinations using compression elastography in a total of 186 persons (152 females and 34 males, with the average age of 45.3 ? 13.5 years), with 264 nodules in the thyroid gland. Elastography was done in two steps: the first one through scoring elastographic figures, and the second one through the determination of the resistance index (strain ratio ? SR). Results. Using elastography scores by Fukunari, 44 of 60 malignant nodules had a score of 3?4, while 152 of the 204 benign nodules had a score of 1?2. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the best cut-off point obtained using elastography scores was 2, with a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 74.5%. Using the software-calculated SR we found that out of 89 nodules with SR ? 2.5, 52 were malignant nodules, while out of 175 nodules with SR < 2.5, 167 were benign nodules. Using the ROC analysis, the best cut-off point obtained using SR was > 2.5, with a sensitivity of 86.7%, and specificity of 81.9%. Conclusion. As a follow-up of standard echotomographic examination in B mode, compression elastography is a newly developed and promising technique in the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.
Stress and strain analyses of removable partial denture abutment tooth in relation to the position of the minor connector
Authors: Milic-Lemic Aleksandra , Eric Jelena , Radovic Katarina , Elencevski Saso , Zivkovic Rade , Tihacek-Sojic Ljiljana
Published: March 2017

Introduction/Objective For optimum loading distribution, the angle formed by the occlusal rest and the vertical minor connector from which it originates should be less than 90?. The objective of the article was to visualize the optimum angle between the occlusal rest and the minor connector in terms of intensity and distribution of occlusal loads using finite element analysis. It was the intention, concerning biomechanical behavior, to document that the optimum angle between the occlusal rest and the minor connector should be less than 90?. Methods Three different virtual models of partial edentulous Kennedy III class were created using the CATIA design computer program with different angles between the occlusal rest and the minor connector. Stress distribution after simulated occlusal loading was analyzed using the finite element method. Results Comparing the results obtained for three models, the highest stress values were seen in model 3 (the angle between the occlusal rest and the small connector is greater than 90?) whether the load is applied in the middle or at the end of the saddle. Conclusion Within limitations and on the basis of the study results, the minimum compressive stress was seen in model 1, where the angle between the occlusal rest and the minor connector was less than 90? whether the load is applied in the middle or at the end of the saddle. It is recommended that obtuse angle between the rest and the minor connector should be avoided due to potential hazardous stress concentration on abutment teeth.
Jejunal tumor made of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor and metastatic breast carcinoma - an extremely rare case
Authors: Gajanin Radoslav , Guzijan Aleksandar , Gajanin Vesna , Sladojevic Igor , Eric Zelimir
Published: March 2017

Introduction. The occurrence of synchronous or metachronous malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors is rare. Infiltrating ductal breast cancer rarely produces metastasis in the gastrointestinal tract, and when it does, it represents a significant differential diagnostic problem. Morphologically, they can mimic primary cancers localized in the gastrointestinal tract or peritoneum. Case outline. In this paper, we present a female patient with primary, synchronous bilateral breast cancer, which after five years of follow-up had given metastases to the lungs, bones, peritoneum and mesentery, and in a node localized in the small intestine. The node was composed of two malignant components ? a mesenchymal one and an epithelial one. The mesenchymal component had histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor and the epithelial component was morphologically and immunohistochemically identical to the diagnosed primary breast cancer. Because of all this, the nodal tumor mass was interpreted as a primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine, in which the deposit of metastatic ductal breast carcinoma was observed. Conclusion. Metastases of breast cancer in organs of the gastrointestinal tract are encountered rarely, mainly in the terminal stage of the disease. In available literature, a case of metastasis of breast cancer (metastasis of malignant epithelial tumors) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor has not been found.
Serum chloride and sodium concentration as a predictor of acute kidney injury in premature newborns
Authors: Todorovic Drazenka , Stojanovic Vesna , Doronjski Aleksandra
Published: March 2017

Introduction/Objective. Hyperchloremia is often registered in adults? studies after administration with 0.9% sodium chloride, which contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) as it leads to vasoconstriction of renal blood vessels. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of sodium and chloride imbalance with the development of AKI, with consideration of other risk factors for this disorder. Methods. This retrospective study included 146 randomly selected preterm infants hospitalized at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 2008 to 2015. Results. Among the patients registered for the study, 23.97% developed AKI, and they were of a significantly lower gestational age (26.3 ? 2.8 weeks vs. 31.7 ? 2.90 weeks, p < 0.05); birth weight (971.31 ? 412.1 g vs. 1,753.3 ? 750.3 g, p < 0.05); Apgar score in the first (3.2 ? 1.7 vs. 5.7 ? 2.4, p < 0.05) and fifth minute (5.3 ? 1.7 vs. 7.1 ? 1.8, p < 0.05) of life compared to those without AKI. The neonates with AKI had significantly higher maximum chloremia (Clmax: 114.1 ? 8.4 vs. 111.7 ? 4.6, p = 0.029) and maximum natremia (Namax: 147.9 ? 8.8 vs. 142.9 ? 4, p < 0.05). Each of these parameters is (independently) a statistically significant risk factor for the development of AKI, and gestational age is the strongest (OR = 1 / 0.643 = 1.55; 95% CI 1.24?1.94). Mortality in neonates with AKI was higher than in neonates without AKI (19.4% vs. 92.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Hyperchloremia and hypernatremia are more common in the premature newborns with AKI compared to the premature newborns without AKI. Higher maximum sodium and chloride values are independent risk factors for AKI.
Incidence and morphological features of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma in Graves’ disease
Authors: Kovacevic Bozidar , Eloy Catarina , Karajovic Jelena , Kuzmic-Jankovic Snezana , Soldatovic Ivan , Petrovic Milan , Cerovic Snezana
Published: March 2017

Introduction/Objective. Association of Graves? disease (GD) and thyroid cancer is reported in a wide range from 0% to 33.7%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in GD, namely its variant ? papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The increasingly frequent PTMC disclose favorable biological behavior with low mortality and recurrence rates. The aim of this work is to report our experience on the frequency and morphological features of PTMC in surgically treated patients with GD. Methods. Over a period of three years, total or near-total thyroidectomy was performed in 129 patients with GD. Results. Incidental PTMC was diagnosed in 24 (18.7%) patients with GD. The mean tumor diameter was 3.03 ? 2.17 mm. The average age of patients in the GD with PTMC group was 48.50 ? 13.07 years, while in the GD without PTMC group it was 41 ? 13.12 years, and it proved to be statistically significant ( p = 0.045). Most of the PTMC were unifocal (83%), and the most common morphological features of PTMC were intraparenchymal localization (62.5%), follicular morphology (66.7%), and infiltrative growth pattern (62.5%). Extrathyroidal extension, lymphatic invasion and multifocality of PTMC were more commonly related with subcapsular localized PTMC. The presence of at least one nodule in the GD with PTMC group was 58.3%, while in the GD without PTMC group it was 26.7%, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Our results showed a high incidence of PTMC (18.7%) in patients with GD. Clinically, the most important morphological characteristics of PTMC were related with its subcapsular localization.
PENAFSIRAN KONTEKSTUAL: Studi Atas Konsep Hierarki Nilai Abdullah Saeed
Authors: Muchlisin Anas Rolli
Published: March 2017

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang buku Interpreting the Qur’an Towards A Contemporary Approach karya Abdullah Saeed yang menawarkan sebuah metodologi interpretasi konteksual, yang dia sebut sebagai contextual approach, secara lebih rinci dibandingkan para pengkaji Qur’an kontemporer lainnya. Dalam buku tersebut, dia menawarkan sebuah hierarki nilai dalam rangka memahami ayat-ayat ethico-legal. Penulis merasa adanya kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang interpretasi kontekstual Abdullah Saeed sebagai counter atas maraknya interpretasi tekstual yang mewabah di kalangan umat Islam dewasa ini. Untuk itu, artikel ini akan mengkaji metodologi interpretasi kontekstual yang digagas oleh Abdullah Saeed secara umum, dan konsep hierarki nilai yang dia tawarkan secara khusus. Penulis melihat bahwa konsep hierarki nilai yang dia perkenalkan sebenarnya adalah kelanjutan dari ‘general principles’ yang digagas oleh Fazlur Rahman.
Le suicide et les hospitalisations associées à des blessures auto-infligées au Canada (1979 à 2014-2015)
Authors: Skinner R. , McFaull S. , Draca J. , Frechette M. , Kaur J. , Pearson C. , Thompson W.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Cette étude a pour objet de décrire, à l’aide de données administratives
canadiennes, les tendances et les caractéristiques des blessures auto-infligées entre 1979
et 2014-2015, afin d’orienter et d’améliorer les mesures de prévention du suicide.

Méthodologie

Les données sur la mortalité par suicide et sur les congés des patients ont
été extraites des fonds de données de l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada (ASPC)
provenant de la Base canadienne de données sur l’état civil – Décès (BCDEC-D) de
Statistique Canada (1979 à 2012), du Système canadien d’information socioéconomique
(CANSIM 2011, 2012), de la Base de données sur la morbidité hospitalière (BDMH, 1994-
1995 à 2010-2011) et de la Base de données sur les congés des patients (BDCP, 2011-2012 à
2014-2015). Le nombre de cas et les taux de décès et d’hospitalisation ont été répartis par
sexe, tranche d’âge de 5 ans et méthode.

Résultats

Le taux de suicide au Canada (hommes et femmes confondus, tous âges, et
taux normalisé selon l’âge et le sexe) a diminué, passant de 14,4/100 000 (n = 3 355) en
1979 à 10,4/100 000 (n = 3 926) en 2012, soit une variation annuelle en pourcentage
(VAP) de –1,2 % (IC à 95 % : –1,3 à –1,0). Cependant, cette tendance n’a pas été observée
chez les deux sexes : chez les femmes, les taux de suicide se sont stabilisés vers les
années 1990, tandis que chez les hommes, ils ont continué de décliner au fil du temps –
malgré le fait que les suicides chez les hommes constituent toujours 75,7 % de tous les
suicides en 2012. La suffocation (pendaison et strangulation) était en 2012 la principale
méthode de suicide (46,9 %) chez les Canadiens de tous âges, suivie de l’intoxication
(23,3 %).
Au cours de l’exercice 2014-2015, il y a eu 13 438 hospitalisations au Canada (à l’exclusion
du Québec) associées à des blessures auto-infligées – ce qui représente plus de trois fois le
nombre de suicides. Au fil du temps, les femmes ont systématiquement présenté des taux
d’hospitalisation plus élevés pour des blessures auto-infligées que les hommes, soit 63 %
du total. L’intoxication a été la méthode la plus fréquemment déclarée de préjudice autoinfligé
au cours de l’exercice 2014-2015, constituant 86 % de toutes les hospitalisations.

Conclusion

Les suicides et les blessures auto-infligées demeurent un problème de santé
publique grave – mais évitable – qui exige une surveillance constante.
How perceptions of community environment influence health behaviours: using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked
to Obesity Framework as a mechanism for exploration
Authors: Nieuwendyk L. M. , Belon A. P. , Vallianatos H. , Raine K. D. , Schopflocher D. , Spence J. C. , Plotnikoff R. C. , Nykiforuk Candace I.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Overweight and obesity are influenced by a complex interplay of individual and
environmental factors that affect physical activity and healthy eating. Nevertheless, little has
been reported on people’s perceptions of those factors. Addressing this critical gap and community
partner needs, this study explored how people perceived the influence of micro- and
macroenvironmental factors on physical activity and healthy eating.

Methods

Community partners wanted the study results in a format that would be readily and
easily used by local decision makers. We used photovoice to engage 35 community members
across four municipalities in Alberta, Canada, and to share their narratives about their physical
activity and healthy eating. A combination of inductive and deductive analysis categorized
data by environmental level (micro vs. macro) and type (physical, political, economic, and
sociocultural), guided by the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity Framework.

Results

Participants conceptualized health-influencing factors more broadly than physical
activity and healthy eating to include “community social health.” Participants spoke most
often about the influence of the microenvironment (n = 792 ANGELO Framework coding
tallies) on their physical activity, healthy eating and community social health in comparison to
the macroenvironment (n = 93). Photovoice results provided a visual narrative to community
partners and decision makers about how people’s ability to make healthy choices can be limited
by macroenvironmental forces beyond their control.

Conclusion

Focussing future research on macro- and microenvironmental influences and
localized community social health can inform practice by providing strategies on how to
implement healthy changes within communities, while ensuring that research and interventions
echo diverse people’s perceptions.
Who guards the guardians?
Authors: Bloy Duncan
Published: March 2017

The United Kingdom’s Leveson Inquiry has been the hottest free show in town since it began taking evidence in November 2011 until the first phase of the Inquiry concluded on 24 July 2012. During that time, the general public has been exposed to a tsunami of information from the great and the good in Britain, which raised questions not only about journalism practices and ethics but the separation of powers and the rule of law. The importance to any democracy of an independent judiciary cannot be overestimated. Sir Brian Leveson began the inquiry by posing the question: Who guards the guardians? He stressed that the concept of the freedom of the press was a fundamental part of any democracy and that he had no desire to stifle freedom of speech in Britain. This article reflects on missed opportunities and considers the future for press regulation in Britain. It also makes the point that irrespective of whatever new regime is established, it is time for proprietors, editors and journalists to stand up for responsible, public interest journalism and only then will there be an outside chance that the public’s faith in mainstream journalism will be restored.
Self-regulation as a tool for ensuring media accountability: The Kenyan experience
Authors: Obuya Jared
Published: March 2017

This article examines self-regulation as a mechanism of media accountability in Kenya. It is based on a study that explored the role of the Media Council of Kenya in self-regulation and the challenges it faces in performing this role. Data came from indepth interviews, document reviews and direct observation. Through effective institutional mechanisms, self-regulation is the preferred system of promoting ethical standards in the media in Kenya. However, the system is currently beset by a myriad challenges, among them lack of commitment by the media industry and a crisis of confidence in its ability to rein in errant media.
'Idcirco ad instar illius Zerobabell templum domini rehedifficantis'. La politica monastica di Eleonora di Sicilia
Authors: Roebert Sebastian
Published: March 2017

El presente estudio pretende analizar la política monástica de Leonor de Sicilia (1349-1375), de la que se dice haber sido muy piadosa. Su nombre está vinculado sobre todo con la fundación del convento de Santa Clara (Catalina) de Teruel, la reconstrucción de Santa Clara de Calatayud y la reorganización de Santa Maria di Sigena. Aparte de Teruel, ninguno de estos casos ha sido estudiado en detalle hasta el momento. Este artículo analizará sistemáticamente las donaciones religiosas de la reina aportando datos originales. La base documental consiste especialmente en los libros de cuentas del tesorero de la reina y, también, los registros procedentes de la cancillería de Leonor de Sicilia. De hecho, se puede constatar un enfoque geográfico de la promoción monástica reginal sobre el reino de Aragón. Por otra parte, se impuso especialmente la memoria regia de la casa paternal de Leonor, es decir la rama siciliana de la Casa de Barcelona, con una finalidad política.
WHEN GOD TALKS BACK. UNDERSTANDING THE AMERICAN ENGANGELICAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD. ALFRED A KNOPF, NEW YORK.
Authors: Luhrmann Tanya , Hatib Abdul Kadir Reviewed by:
Published: March 2017

This book is started with the main question, how come some people in the USA believe in an invisible being, that is God. How has belief in God come to influence people’s lives? How has God come to be really present in human life? Almost 100 percent people in the US, believe in God according to a Gallup Poll (Luhrmann, 2012: xi). In addition, religious enthusiasm for American has grown increasingly rapidly. Throughout the 20th century, American churches and congregations have developed remarkably (Luhrmann, 14). Even Luhrmann gives an example about the paradoxical things. Many people thought that the hippie vision would bring radical revolutionaries movement that threated the right wing. As a contrary, Christian Hippies play significant roles in making religion to be able publicly accepted (even though there were on drugs) (Luhrmann 16-17)
GOOD TO GREAT: WHY SOME COMPANIES MAKE THE LEAP…AND SOME OTHERS DON’T
Authors: Collins Jim , Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo Reviewed by:
Published: March 2017

The book consists of nine chapters explaining the concept of Good to Great. Starting from emphasizing that “good is the enemy of great”, Jim Collins provides great explanations as well as arguments of why his concept is very important for leaders who want to be successful in their efforts of building “enduring results” of their companies, organizations, or institutions. He in detail explains four principles underlining the framework of good to great. There are disciplined people (level 5 leadership and first who, then what concepts), disciplined thought (confront the brutal facts and the Hedgehog concepts), disciplined action (culture of discipline and the flywheel concepts), and building greatness to last (clock building, not the time telling and preserve the core/stimulate progress concepts). For further analysis of the Good to Great, I will shortly summarize the concept of how to make something good to be great explained in the book in the following section. I will also conclude this paper by commenting on the concept as my critique toward the theory of Good to Great.
Inter-Religious Relations in the Period of Prophet Muhammad
Authors: Patmawati Patmawati
Published: March 2017

Inter-religious relations in the period of Prophet Muhammad were running in harmony. Although there were theological differences between some religious faiths, these differences do not detract good relations. One of the written evidence of the condition of inter-religious harmony in this period was the agreement to live in peace as outlined in a treaty to respect and protect. The Madina Charter is proof that Prophet Muhammad was a religious leader as well as a political leader. The Madina Charter was born ahead of its time and can be used as a source of inspiration for building a plural society. Through the Medina Charter, the Prophet successfully organized all ethnic and religious groups in Medina, uniting them as brothers, despite different religious and ethnic backgrounds, all having the same duty to defend the State of Medina should there be an attack from outside. As a work which is based on literature research project, this article shows that the discussion of inter-religious relations in the period of Prophet Muhammad were not only supported by the works of schoolars in the fields of history and other related fields but also by the religiously based texts.
Potensi Tinggalan Arkeologis di Kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado: Upaya Pelestarian, Pemanfaatan, dan Pengembangan bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Marzuki Irfanuddin W.
Published: March 2017

The area of Sam Ratulangi airport’s Manado has archaeological heritage which has been know as it is closed for public. This research used descriptive method, using inductive reasoning. Meanwhile, the analysis method used morphologyl, technology, and contextual analysis. This research aimed to find out the potential of archaeological heritage in Sam Ratulangi airport area of Manado. In addition to its strategy of preservation the haritage included veilbox, bungker, and waruga. The preservation can be conducted by doing protection, development, and utilization. The preservation both physical and non physical protection. The effort for its development and utilization was conducted for the purpose of science, education, culture, and tourism.Kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado mempunyai potensi tinggalan arkeologis yang selama ini tidak diketahui masyarakat luas, dikarenakan letak tinggalan yang berada dalam kawasan tertutup untuk umum. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis morfologi, teknologi dan kontekstual. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi tinggalan arkeologis yang terdapat di kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi dan strategi pelestariannya. Tinggalan arkeologis yang terdapat di kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi meliputi veilbox, bungker, dan waruga. Upaya pelestarian dapat dilakukan dengan cara perlindungan, pengembangan dan pemanfaatan. Upaya perlindungan meliputi perlindungan secara fisik dan non fisik. Upaya pengembangan dan pemanfaatan dilakukan untuk kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, kebudayaan dan pariwisata.
Arkeologi Sejarah Islam di Pesisir Selatan Pulau Seram Maluku Tengah
Authors: Handoko Wuri
Published: March 2017

The history of Islamization in the region Seram Island Maluku until recently only records the Kingdom Hoamoal as the center of Islamization in the region. However, the formation of customary lands inhabited by the Muslim community is appealing to uncover where Islam originated and how it goes. This research is focused to see Islamization networks formed on indigenous lands in the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram by conducting the archaeological research that adopted survey method and oral history interviews to discover traces of the presence of Islam. This study found that Islamization in the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram, arised from the central region of Islam in the Maluku Islands; with another possibility that have been introduced from Java and the homeland of Islam, Arab and Persia. The study also found the formation process of political networks in the spread of Islam to get to the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram.Dalam sejarah Islamisasi di wilayah Pulau Seram Maluku sejauh ini, hanya menyebut Kerajaan Hoamoal sebagai pusat Islamisasi di wilayah tersebut. Meski demikian, terbentuknya negeri-negeri adat yang dihuni komunitas muslim, menarik untuk diungkap dari mana Islam berasal dan bagaimana perkembangannya. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat jaringan Islamisasi yang terbentuk pada negeri-negeri adat di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram. Melalui penelitian arkeologi, dengan metode survei serta wawancara untuk menelusuri sejarah lisan jejak kehadiran Islam. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Islamisasi di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram, berasal dari wilayah pusat kekuasaan Islam di Kepulauan Maluku, juga kemungkinan dari Jawa dan tanah asal Islam dari Arab dan Persia. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bagaimana terbentuknya jaringan politik dalam proses penyebaran Islam hingga sampai ke wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram.
Teknologi Tempa Logam pada Masa Lalu di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pawan, Kalimantan Barat (sebuah pendekatan etnoarkeologi)
Authors: Yogi Ida Bagus Putu Prajna
Published: March 2017

Archaeological evidence of metal artifacts found in the area Pawan Watershed in the number of inviting attention to be investigated, that is how the process of technology in the past. The existence of the craftsmen of wrought metal along the watershed area Pawan certainly was  not a coincidence. There might be a relationship between the presence of artifacts with traditional metal forging which is still survive until recently. Ethnoarchaeological approach that has been undertaken is expected to give an idea to reconstructs the metal forging technology in the past on Pawan Watershed; to understand the cultural continuity that still exists today in the area. Metal forging technology using the "ububan" the which is still used today in several locations in Indonesia, as well as in Pawan Watershed. This study concluded that the technology workmanship metal artifacts in the past has the similarity from the technological progress that has continued until recently. Bukti arkeologi berupa artefak logam yang ditemukan di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak mengundang perhatian untuk diteliti, yaitu bagaimana teknologi dan proses pengerjaannya pada masa lalu. Keberadaan pengrajin logam tempa di sepanjang daerah aliran Sungai Pawan tentu bukan suatu kebetulan, mungkin ada hubungan antara kehadiran artefak dengan teknologi tempa logam tradisional yang masih bertahan saat ini. Pendekatan etnoarkeologi dilakukan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran untuk merekonstruksi teknologi tempa logam di masa lalu di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan untuk melihat dan belajar tentang kelangsungan budaya yang masih ada saat ini di lokasi tersebut. Teknologi penempaan logam dengan menggunakan "ububan" yang masih digunakan saat ini di beberapa lokasi di Indonesia dan di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknologi artefak pengerjaan logam di masa lalu tidak jauh berbeda dari kemajuan teknologi yang masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
Gerabah Situs Wayputih sebagai Komoditi Barter di Kerajaan Hoamoal
Authors: Handoko Wuri
Published: March 2017

The site of Wayputih settlement in the history and traditions of the various sources mentioned as the part of the Kingdom Hoamoal region. This study aims to clarify the role of settlement Wayputih sites as the region as one of the central region of the kingdom Hoamoal clove producer. In addition it describes the process of trade and exchange between commodities produced by commodity from outside the area. This study uses a survey to see traces of settlements based on primary data pottery artifacts, then perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of data to explain the use and development of the system of commodity exchanges in the region. The results of the study, found the distribution of pottery with a high quantity in the site area. It can be concluded that based on the intensity of pottery and not produced in the local area, then to obtain it from outside the region to barter with cloves produced in the local area. Trade and exchange of pottery with cloves in Wayputih, support the development of trade in the territory of the Kingdom Hoamoal.Situs pemukiman Wayputih dalam berbagai sumber sejarah maupun tradisi tutur merupakan wilayah pemerintahan dari Kerajaan Hoamoal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peranan permukiman situs Wayputih sebagai wilayah sebagai salah satu wilayah pusat penghasil cengkeh bagi kerajaan Hoamoal. Selain itu menggambarkan proses perdagangan dan pertukaran antara komoditi yang dihasilkan dengan komoditi dari luar wilayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei untuk melihat jejak-jejak permukiman berdasarkan data utama artefak gerabah, selanjutnya melakukan analisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif data untuk menjelaskan penggunaan dan perkembangan sistem pertukaran komoditi di wilayah tersebut. Hasil penelitian, ditemukan sebaran gerabah dengan kuantitas yang tinggi di wilayah situs tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan intensitas gerabah dan tidak dihasilkan di wilayah setempat, maka untuk memperolehnya dari wilayah luar dengan melakukan barter dengan cengkeh yang dihasilkan di wilayah setempat. Perdagangan dan pertukaran gerabah dengan cengkeh di Wayputih, mendukung perkembangan niaga di wilayah Kerajaan Hoamoal.
The effects of applying silicon carbide coating on core reactivity of pebble-bed HTR in water ingress accident
Authors: Zuhair  , Suwoto  , Setiadipura T. , Su’ud Z.
Published: March 2017

Graphite is used as the moderator, fuel barrier material, and core structure in High Temperature Reactors (HTRs). However, despite its good thermal and mechanical properties below the radiation and high temperatures, it cannot avoid corrosion as a consequence of an accident of water/air ingress. Degradation of graphite as a main HTR material and the formation of dangerous CO gas is a serious problem in HTR safety. One of the several steps that can be adopted to avoid or prevent the corrosion of graphite by the water/air ingress is the application of a thin layer of silicon carbide (SiC) on the surface of the fuel element. This study investigates the effect of applying SiC coating on the fuel surfaces of pebble-bed HTR in water ingress accident from the reactivity points of view. A series of reactivity calculations were done with the Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX and continuous energy nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII at temperature of 1 200 K. Three options of UO2, PuO2, and ThO2/UO2 fuel kernel were considered to obtain the inter comparison of the core reactivity of pebble-bed HTR in conditions of water/air ingress accident. The calculation results indicated that the UO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR reactivity was slightly reduced and relatively more decreased when the thickness of the SiC coating increased. The reactivity characteristic of ThO2/UO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR showed a similar trend to that of UO2, but did not show reactivity peak caused by water ingress. In contrast with UO2- and ThO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR, although the reactivity of PuO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR was the lowest, its characteristics showed a very high reactivity peak (0.33 Δk/k) and this introduction of positive reactivity is difficult to control. SiC coating on the surface of the plutonium fuel pebble has no significant impact. From the comparison between reactivity characteristics of uranium, thorium and plutonium cores with 0.10 cm thick SiC coating, it can be concluded that the effect of SiC coating on core reactivity in water ingress accident is more dominant for the pebble-bed HTR fuelled with thorium than those with uranium and plutonium fuels.
Pediatric concussion: biomechanical differences between outcomes of transient and persistent (> 4 weeks) postconcussion symptoms
Authors: Post Andrew , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Zemek Roger , Gilchrist Michael D. , Koncan David , Dawson Lauren , Chen Wesley , Ledoux Andrée-Anne , _ _
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE

Currently, little is known about the biomechanics of head impact for concussion in youths (ages 5 to 18 years). Even less is known about the biomechanical characteristics and variables related to head impacts that may be useful in differentiating between transient and persistent postconcussion symptoms in a youth population. The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in biomechanics of youth head impact for transient postconcussion symptoms (TPCSs) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCSs) by using data from a hospital population.

METHODS

In a laboratory setting and using physical, computational, and finite element models, the authors reconstructed falling events in a large cohort of patients who had sustained a brain injury that resulted in transient or persistent postconcussion symptoms. The falling events and resulting concussions for the TPCS and PPCS patient groups were analyzed in terms of force, energy, peak resultant linear and rotational accelerations, and maximum principal strain in the gray and white matter of the brain, as well as measurements of cumulative strain damage.

RESULTS

The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the groups for any of the variables analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS

With methods derived for use in an adult population, the magnitudes of peak linear acceleration for the youth data set were determined to be above the 50% risk of injury. The youth data set showed higher brain tissue strain responses for lower energy and impact velocities than measured in adults, suggesting that youths are at higher risk of concussive injury at lower event severities. A trend shown by some variables indicated that larger magnitudes of response were associated with PPCSs, but no single measurement variable consistently differentiated between the TPCS and PPCS groups. It is possible that using the biomechanics of head and brain responses to predict a subjective symptom load may not be appropriate. To enhance future biomechanical analyses, further investigations should include the use of quantifiable measures of brain injury linked to clinical outcomes and possible confounding factors such as history of brain injury and patient predisposition.
Quantifying Light Absorption of Iron Oxides and Carbonaceous Aerosol in Seasonal Snow across Northern China
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Xin , Wu Xueqin , Cong Zhiyuan , Wu Guangming , Ji Mingxia
Published: March 2017

In this study, we attempted to quantify light absorption by insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs) such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and iron oxides in snow using an optical method directly and compared the results with those obtained using optical and chemical analysis methods cooperatively in previous studies. The mass absorption coefficients (MACs) and absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) of pure hematite, goethite and fullerene soot were also measured using an integrating sphere/integrating sandwich (ISSW) spectrophotometer in the laboratory. The results indicated that the MACs of pure hematite and goethite are 0.97 ± 0.02 m2·g−1 and 0.43 ± 0.01 m2·g−1 at 550 nm, and their AAEs are 5.53 ± 0.47 and 2.18 ± 0.16 from 550 nm to 750 nm, respectively. The MAC and AAE of fullerene soot are 6.40 ± 0.42 m2·g−1 at 550 nm and 0.54 ± 0.06 from 450 to 750 nm. By using the regionally average AAEs of non-BC components in snow, we evaluated the performance of a directly optical analysis, rather than combination of the optical and chemical methods, in quantifying the light absorption of BC, OC and Fe in snow samples. We found that the directly optical method used to measure the light absorption of BC and OC in Northern China snow has substantially low biases of 6.29% and 4.27% in median comparing to previous method. However, the high biases in estimating light absorption of Fe (33.01%) may be associated with the significant underestimation of the AAE of Fe.
Performance of an Energy Efficient Low Power Stepper Converter
Authors: Gradl Christoph , Scheidl Rudolf
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the development of an energy efficient low power stepper converter. A prototype with a hydraulic output power of ≈600 W was designed, manufactured, investigated and improved. The converter consists of a hydraulic cylinder piston unit controlled by a fast switching valve to displace a defined fluid quantum by the limited forward stroke of the piston in its cylinder. The displaced fluid generates a precise, incremental motion of a load cylinder which should be controlled. Energy saving is achieved by storing the pressure surplus intermediately in the kinetic energy of the piston to displace a part of the fluid quantum without hydraulic energy from the supply line. Energy recuperation can be done in a similar way. Simulations and experiments showed two main efficiency improvement measures of the first converter prototype. The weak points were the commercially available check valves and the used guidance system for the pistons. The second part of the paper reports about the development of a fast check valve and of a combined hydrostatic hydrodynamic bearing system based on the elastic deformation of plastics. The theoretical and experimental results show a significant improvement of the energy efficiency, the potential of this drive technology and further improvement potential. Expressed in terms of numbers an energy efficiency increase compared to a resistance control up to 30% and a maximum recuperation energy efficiency over 60% were measured.
Discovering the Giant Nest Architecture of Grass-Cutting Ants, Atta capiguara (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Forti Luiz , Protti de Andrade Ana , Camargo Roberto , Caldato Nadia , Moreira Aldenise
Published: March 2017

Atta capiguara is a grass-cutting ant species frequently found in Cerrado biome. However, little is known about the giant nest architecture of this ant. In this study, we investigated the architecture of three A. capiguara nests from a fragment of Cerrado in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Casts were made of the nests by filling them with cement to permit better visualization of internal structures such as chambers and tunnels. After excavation, the depth and dimensions (length, width, and height) of the chambers were measured. The results showed the shape of Atta capiguara nests consisting of mounds of loose soil with unique features resembling a conic section. The fungus chambers were found distant from the mound of loose soil and were spaced apart and distributed laterally at the soil profile. The waste chambers were located beneath the largest mound of loose soil. Both the fungus and waste chambers were separated and distant. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the so far unknown nest architecture of the grass-cutting ant A. capiguara.
The Mechanism of Room-Temperature Ionic-Liquid-Based Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: A Review
Authors: Lim Hyung-Kyu , Kim Hyungjun
Published: March 2017

Electrochemical CO2 conversion technology is becoming indispensable in the development of a sustainable carbon-based economy. While various types of electrocatalytic systems have been designed, those based on room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have attracted considerable attention because of their high efficiencies and selectivities. Furthermore, it should be possible to develop more advanced electrocatalytic systems for commercial use because target-specific characteristics can be fine-tuned using various combinations of RTIL ions. To achieve this goal, we require a systematic understanding of the role of the RTIL components in electrocatalytic systems, however, their role has not yet been clarified by experiment or theory. Thus, the purpose of this short review is to summarize recent experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies to provide insight into and to develop guidelines for the successful development of new CO2 conversion systems. The results discussed here can be summarized as follows. Complex physical and chemical interactions between the RTIL components and the reaction intermediates, in particular at the electrode surface, are critical for determining the activity and selectivity of the electrocatalytic system, although no single factor dominates. Therefore, more fundamental research is required to understand the physical, chemical, and thermodynamic characteristics of complex RTIL-based electrocatalytic systems.
On Multi-Hop Decode-and-Forward Cooperative Relaying for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ai Yun , Cheffena Michael
Published: March 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will play a fundamental role in the realization of Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. Arising from the presence of spatially distributed sensor nodes in a sensor network, cooperative diversity can be achieved by using the sensor nodes between a given source-destination pair as intermediate relay stations. In this paper, we investigate the end-to-end average bit error rate (BER) and the channel capacity of a multi-hop relay network in the presence of impulsive noise modeled by the well-known Middleton’s class-A model. Specifically, we consider a multi-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relay network over Nakagami-m fading channel due to its generality, but also due to the absence of reported works in this area. Closed-form analytical expressions for the end-to-end average BER and the statistical properties of the end-to-end channel capacity are obtained. The impacts of the channel parameters on these performance quantities are evaluated and discussed.
New Particle Filter Based on GA for Equipment Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Li Ke , Wu Jingjing , Zhang Qiuju , Su Lei , Chen Peng
Published: March 2017

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of equipment has important significance for guaranteeing production efficiency, reducing maintenance cost, and improving plant safety. This paper proposes a novel method based on an new particle filter (PF) for predicting equipment RUL. Genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to improve the particle leanness problem that arises in traditional PF algorithms, and a time-varying auto regressive (TVAR) model and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) are integrated to establish the dynamic model for PF. Moreover, starting prediction time (SPT) detection method based on hypothesis testing theory is presented, by which SPT of equipment RUL can be adaptively detected. In order to verify the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this study, a simulation test and the accelerating fatigue test of a rolling element bearing are designed for RUL prediction. The test results show the methods proposed in this study can accurately predict the RUL of the rolling element bearing, and it performs better than the traditional PF algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) in the RUL prediction.