bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy and uniqueness of neighborhoods in social networks
Authors: Romanini Daniele , Lehmann Sune , Kivelä Mikko
Published: October 2021

The ability to share social network data at the level of individual connections is beneficial to science: not only for reproducing results, but also for researchers who may wish to use it for purposes not foreseen by the data releaser. Sharing such data, however, can lead to serious privacy issues, because individuals could be re-identified, not only based on possible nodes’ attributes, but also from the structure of the network around them. The risk associated with re-identification can be measured and it is more serious in some networks than in others. While various optimization algorithms have been proposed to anonymize networks, there is still only a limited theoretical understanding of which network features are important for the privacy problem. Using network models and real data, we show that the average degree of networks is a crucial parameter for the severity of re-identification risk from nodes’ neighborhoods. Dense networks are more at risk, and, apart from a small band of average degree values, either almost all nodes are uniquely re-identifiable or they are all safe. Our results allow researchers to assess the privacy risk based on a small number of network statistics which are available even before the data is collected. As a rule-of-thumb, the privacy risks are high if the average degree is above 10. Guided by these results, we explore sampling of edges as a strategy to mitigate the re-identification risk of nodes. This approach can be implemented during the data collection phase, and its effect on various network measures can be estimated and corrected using sampling theory. The new understanding of the uniqueness of neighborhoods in networks presented in this work can support the development of privacy-aware ways of designing network data collection procedures, anonymization methods, and sharing network data.
Effects of Bushen-Tiaojing-Fang on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients with repeated controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors: Ma Yu-Cong , Hao Gui-Min , Zhao Zhi-Ming , Cui Na , Fan Yan-Li , Zhang Shuan-Cheng , Chen Jing-Wei , Cao Yu-Cong , Guan Feng-Li , Geng Jing-Ran , Gao Bu-Lang , Du Hui-Lan
Published: October 2021

Bushen-Tiaojing-Fang (BSTJF) is commonly used to treat infertility. This study investigated the effects of BSTJF on the pregnancy outcomes of patients with repeated controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), on mitochondrial function, and on oxidative stress in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF). The samples and clinical data of 97 patients, including 35 in the control group, 29 in the placebo group and 33 in the BSTJF group, were collected for this study. The mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP content, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) number, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels, and mRNA expression levels of Mn-SOD, GSH-Px, and nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed. The high-grade embryo (P < 0.001), implantation (P = 0.033), and clinical pregnancy (P = 0.031) rates, as well as the ATP content (P = 0.014), mtDNA number (P = 0.035), GSH-Px activity (P = 0.004 in GCs andP = 0.008 in FF) and mRNA expression levels (P = 0.019), were significantly lower in the placebo group than in the control group, whereas the 8-OHdG content was significantly (P = 0.006 in FF) higher in the placebo group than in the control group. Compared with those in the placebo group, the high-grade embryo rate (P = 0.007), antioxidant enzyme activity (P = 0.037 and 0.036 in Mn-SOD;P = 0.047 and 0.030 in GSH-Px) and mRNA level (P < 0.001 in Nrf2,P = 0.039 in Mn-SOD andP = 0.002 in GSH-Px) were significantly higher in the BSTJF group, as were changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, ATP (P = 0.040) and mtDNA number (P = 0.013). In conclusion, BSTJF can improve oxidative stress in patients with repeated COS and pregnancy outcomes.
Social status and novelty drove the spread of online information during the early stages of COVID-19
Authors: Photiou Antonis , Nicolaides Christos , Dhillon Paramveer S.
Published: October 2021

Access to online information has been crucial throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed more than eight million randomly selected Twitter posts from the first wave of the pandemic to study the role of the author’s social status (Health Expert or Influencer) and the informational novelty of the tweet in the diffusion of several key types of information. Our results show that health-related information and political discourse propagated faster than personal narratives, economy-related or travel-related news. Content novelty further accelerated the spread of these discussion themes. People trusted health experts on health-related knowledge, especially when it was novel, while influencers were more effective at propagating political discourse. Finally, we observed a U-shaped relationship between the informational novelty and the number of retweets. Tweets with average novelty spread the least. Tweets with high novelty propagated the most, primarily when they discussed political, health, or personal information, perhaps owing to the immediacy to mobilize this information. On the other hand, economic and travel-related information spread most when it was less novel, and people resisted sharing such information before it was duly verified.
Predicting bloodstream infection outcome using machine learning
Authors: Zoabi Yazeed , Kehat Orli , Lahav Dan , Weiss-Meilik Ahuva , Adler Amos , Shomron Noam
Published: October 2021

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a main cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early prediction of BSI patients at high risk of poor outcomes is important for earlier decision making and effective patient stratification. We developed electronic medical record-based machine learning models that predict patient outcomes of BSI. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.82 for a full featured inclusive model, and 0.81 for a compact model using only 25 features. Our models were trained using electronic medical records that include demographics, blood tests, and the medical and diagnosis history of 7889 hospitalized patients diagnosed with BSI. Among the implications of this work is implementation of the models as a basis for selective rapid microbiological identification, toward earlier administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Additionally, our models may help reduce the development of BSI and its associated adverse health outcomes and complications.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of preventable hospital readmissions within 30 days
Authors: Meurs Elsemieke A. I. M. , Siegert Carl E. H. , Uitvlugt Elien , Morabet Najla El , Stoffels Ruth J. , Schölvinck Dirk W. , Taverne Laura F. , Hulshof Pim B. J. E. , ten Horn Hilde J. S. , Noordman Philou C. W. , van Es Josien , van der Heijde Nicky , van der Ree Meike H. , van den Bosch Maurice A. A. J. , Karapinar-Çarkit Fatma
Published: October 2021

Knowledge regarding preventable hospital readmissions is scarce. Our aim was to compare the clinical characteristics of potentially preventable readmissions (PPRs) with non-PPRs. Additionally, we aimed to identify risk factors for PPRs. Our study included readmissions within 30 days after discharge from 1 of 7 hospital departments. Preventability was assessed by multidisciplinary meetings. Characteristics of the readmissions were collected and 23 risk factors were analyzed. Of the 1120 readmissions, 125 (11%) were PPRs. PPRs occurred equally among different departments (p = 0.21). 29.6% of PPRs were readmitted by a practitioner of a different medical specialty than the initial admission (IA) specialist. The PPR group had more readmissions within 7 days (PPR 54% vs. non-PPR 44%, p = 0.03). The median LOS was 1 day longer for PPRs (p = 0.16). Factors associated with PPR were higher age (p = 0.004), higher socio-economic status (p = 0.049), fewer prior hospital admissions (p = 0.004), and no outpatient visit prior to readmission (p = 0.025). This study found that PPRs can occur at any department in the hospital. There is not a single type of patient that can easily be pinpointed to be at risk of a PPR, probably due to the multifactorial nature of PPRs.
Novel static magnetic field effects on green chemistry biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kthiri Ameni , Hamimed Selma , Othmani Abdelhak , Landoulsi Ahmed , O’Sullivan Siobhan , Sheehan David
Published: October 2021

The bacteriocidal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) depend on their average diameter (toxicity increases with decreasing diameter). In the present work, we describe novel green chemistry biosynthesis of AgNPs from AgNO3 added to cell-free culture medium of baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yielding nanoparticles in the range 11–25 nm. However, when yeast was grown in a moderate static magnetic field, AgNPs obtained from the resulting cell-free culture medium, were significantly smaller (2–12 nm) than those obtained without magnetic field. These latter nanoparticles were highly crystalline, stable and near-uniform shape. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs obtained from static magnetic fields were greater than those from control cultures. Static magnetic fields show a promising ability to generate biocidal nanoparticles via this novel green chemistry approach.
High alert drugs screening using gradient boosting classifier
Authors: Wongyikul Pakpoom , Thongyot Nuttamon , Tantrakoolcharoen Pannika , Seephueng Pusit , Khumrin Piyapong
Published: October 2021

Prescription errors in high alert drugs (HAD), a group of drugs that have a high risk of complications and potential negative consequences, are a major and serious problem in medicine. Standardized hospital interventions, protocols, or guidelines were implemented to reduce the errors but were not found to be highly effective. Machine learning driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) show a potential solution to address this problem. We developed a HAD screening protocol with a machine learning model using Gradient Boosting Classifier and screening parameters to identify the events of HAD prescription errors from the drug prescriptions of out and inpatients at Maharaj Nakhon Chiang Mai hospital in 2018. The machine learning algorithm was able to screen drug prescription events with a risk of HAD inappropriate use and identify over 98% of actual HAD mismatches in the test set and 99% in the evaluation set. This study demonstrates that machine learning plays an important role and has potential benefit to screen and reduce errors in HAD prescriptions.
Association between phosphate and long-term outcome in CAD patients underwent coronary intervention
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Ying , Hsu Pai-Feng , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Yang Ya-Ling , Chen Su-Chan , Huang Shao-Sung , Chan Wan Leong , Lin Shing-Jong , Chen Jaw-Wen , Pan Ju-Pin , Charng Min-Ji , Chen Ying-Hwa , Wu Tao-Cheng , Lu Tse-Min , Huang Po-Hsun , Cheng Hao-Min , Huang Chin-Chou , Sung Shih-Hsien , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Leu Hsin-Bang
Published: October 2021

Phosphate has been linked to higher cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, whether phosphate is associated with poor outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) remained undetermined. 2,894 CAD patients (2,220 male, aged 71.6 ± 12.2), who received PCI at TVGH from 2006 to 2015, with phosphate measurement, were enrolled. The primary outcome was the composite of major adverse CV events [MACE, comprising of CV death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke] and heart failure hospitalization (HHF). The key secondary outcome was MACE. There was a J-curve association between phosphate and CV events after adjusted for comorbidities and renal function. Phosphate around 3.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL was associated with the lowest CV risk. In Cox analysis, each 1 mg/dL increases in phosphate was associated with a higher risk of MACE + HHF (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.21): CV death (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22–1.55) and HHF (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.23). Subgroup analyses showed more prominent association between phosphate and MACE + HHF in male, age > 65, bare-metal stents (BMSs), LVEF < 50%, eGFR < 60, LDL > 70 mg/dL, and emergent PCI. Phosphate has a significant association with the risk of CV events in CAD patients undergoing PCI that was independent of comorbidities and renal function.
Association of TLR 9 gene polymorphisms with remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-α inhibitors and development of machine learning models
Authors: Kim Woorim , Kim Tae Hyeok , Oh Soo Jin , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Joo Hee , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Jung Ju-Yang , Choi In Ah , Lee Kyung Eun
Published: October 2021

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR9 are known to play important roles in the immune system, and several studies have shown their association with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). However, studies that investigate the association between TLR4 or TLR9 gene polymorphisms and remission of the disease in RA patients taking TNF-α inhibitors have yet to be conducted. In this context, this study was designed to investigate the effects of polymorphisms in TLR4 and TLR9 on response to TNF-α inhibitors and to train various models using machine learning approaches to predict remission. A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and response to treatment. Various machine learning methods were utilized for prediction of remission. After adjusting for covariates, the rate of remission of T-allele carriers of TLR9 rs352139 was about 5 times that of the CC-genotype carriers (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.325–19.231, p = 0.018). Among machine learning algorithms, multivariate logistic regression and elastic net showed the best prediction with the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC) value of 0.71 (95% CI 0.597–0.823 for both models). This study showed an association between a TLR9 polymorphism (rs352139) and treatment response in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. Moreover, this study utilized various machine learning methods for prediction, among which the elastic net provided the best model for remission prediction.
Metformin hydrochloride entrapment in sorbitan monostearate for intestinal permeability enhancement and pharmacodynamics
Authors: Mady Omar Y. , Al-Shoubki Adam A. , Donia Ahmed A. , Qasim Waseem
Published: October 2021

Penetration enhancement of metformin hydrochloride via its molecular dispersion in sorbitan monostearate microparticles is reported. This represents basic philosophy to maximize its entrapment for maximum penetration effect. Drug dispersion in sorbitan monostearate with different theoretical drug contents (TDC) were prepared. Products showed excellent micromeritics and actual drug content (ADC) increased by increasing TDC. The partition coefficient of the drug products showed huge improvement. This indicates the drug entrapped in the polar part of sorbitan monostearate as a special image which effects on the drug release. The drug permeation profiles from the different products are overlapped with nearly equal permeation parameters. The permeation results suggested the main driving force for improving the drug paracellular pathway is its dispersion in sorbitan monostearate and is independent of ADC. Pharmacodynamic of the products showed a significant improvement than the drug alone at p ˂ 0.05. ANOVA test indicated the insignificant pharmacodynamic difference between the low, middle, and high ADC of the products. An excellent correlation founded between the drug permeation and pharmacodynamic precents. Drug permeation driving force via the paracellular pathway is its entrapment in sorbitan monostearate and independent on ADC. The technique is simple and the products had excellent micromeritics.
Restoration of dysnatremia and acute kidney injury benefits outcomes of acute geriatric inpatients
Authors: Chou Yu-Hsiang , Lu Feng-Ping , Chen Jen-Hau , Wen Chiung-Jung , Lin Kun-Pei , Chou Yi-Chun , Wu Meng-Chen , Chen Yung-Ming
Published: October 2021

Dysnatremia and dyskalemia are common problems in acutely hospitalized elderly patients. These disorders are associated with an increased risk of mortality and functional complications that often occur concomitantly with acute kidney injury in addition to multiple comorbidities. In a single-center prospective observational study, we recruited 401 acute geriatric inpatients. In-hospital outcomes included all-cause mortality, length of stay, and changes in functional status as determined by the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). The prevalence of dysnatremia alone, dyskalemia alone, and dysnatremia plus dyskalemia during initial hospitalization were 28.4%, 14.7% and 32.4%, respectively. Patients with electrolyte imbalance exhibited higher mortality rates and longer hospital stays than those without electrolyte imbalance. Those with initial dysnatremia, or dysnatremia plus dyskalemia were associated with worse ADL scores, ECOG performance and CFS scores at discharge. Subgroup analyses showed that resolution of dysnatremia was related to reduced mortality risk and improved CFS score, whereas recovery of renal function was associated with decreased mortality and better ECOG and CFS ratings. Our data suggest that restoration of initial dysnatremia and acute kidney injury during acute geriatric care may benefit in-hospital survival and functional status at discharge.
Synthesis of nanosized nickel zinc ferrite using electric arc furnace dust and ferrous pickle liquor
Authors: Galal Ayman , Sadek Olfat , Soliman Moataz , Ebrahim Shaker , Anas M.
Published: October 2021

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and waste pickle liquor (WPL); two major side products of the steel industry with negative environmental impact were used for the synthesis of nickel zinc ferrite (NZF); the important magnetic ceramic material of versatile industrial applications. The structural and magnetic properties of the prepared material were examined which showed good magnetic properties (high saturation magnetization and low coercivity) compared with those synthesized from pure reagents. In the applied process, nano sized nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) with a composition of Nix(Zn + impurities)1−xFe2O4 (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and impurities of manganese, magnesium, and calcium were prepared using zinc-containing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and waste pickle liquor (WPL). The chemical compositions of the prepared samples were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The optimum acetic acid concentration for EAFD treatment was found 2% v/v that decreased Ca content of EAFD by 70.6% without loss of Fe and Zn. The structural and morphological characterization was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to confirm the formation of Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles and estimate the particle sizes. The maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) of 73.89 emu/g was achieved at 0.5 Ni content and the minimum coercivity of 2.55 Oe was obtained at 0.25 Ni content.
Thermal effect of a 445 nm diode laser on five dental implant systems: an in vitro study
Authors: Deppe Herbert , Ahrens Markus , Behr Alexandra V. , Marr Christina , Sculean Anton , Mela Petra , Ritschl Lucas M.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the thermal effect of the 445 nm diode laser on five dental implant systems. In an ailing implant protocol, five commercial dental implant systems were subjected to 445 nm diode laser energy at different wattages [W], exposure times, and modes (continuous wave [CW] vs. pulsed and contact vs. non-contact) of laser beam delivery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed the evaluation of irradiated implant surfaces. A total of 2880 temperature response curves were recorded. The 445 nm wavelength caused temperature increases of more than 10 °C at or above the 0.8 W power level working in CW mode for 5 s and in pulsed mode at 3 W for 20 s with 10% duty cycle. Highest rises in temperature were seen in the Straumann Pure ceramic implant, lowest in the Ankylos system. SEM analysis revealed no surface alteration in all systems in non-contact mode. The applied laser is not inherently safe for the decontamination of ailing implants. From the results of this study it was concluded that different dental implant materials and geometries show different temperature response curves when subjected to 445 nm diode laser energy. Clinicians ought to be aware of this. Therefore, manufacturers of laser devices should provide implant-specific laser parameters for the decontamination process. However, both laser irradiation systems can prevent harmful rises in temperature and surface alteration when used at moderate laser parameters.
Nonverbal pre-performance expressions of professional darts players distinguish between good and poor performance
Authors: Furley Philip , Klingner Florian , Memmert Daniel
Published: October 2021

The present research attempted to extend prior research that showed that thin-slices of pre-performance nonverbal behavior (NVB) of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. Specifically, we investigated what kind of nonverbal cues were associated with success and informed thin-slice ratings. Participants (N = 61) were first asked to estimate the performance of a random sample of videos showing the preparatory NVB of professional darts players (N = 47) either performing well (470 clips) or poorly (470 clips). Preparatory NVB was assessed via preparation times and Active Appearance Modeling using Noldus FaceReader. Results showed that observers could distinguish between good and poor performance based on thin-slices of preparatory NVB (p = 0.001,d = 0.87). Further analyses showed that facial expressions prior to poor performance showed more arousal (p = 0.011,ƞ2p = 0.10), sadness (p = 0.040,ƞ2p = 0.04), and anxiety (p = 0.009,ƞ2p = 0.09) and preparation times were shorter (p = 0.001,ƞ2p = 0.36) prior to poor performance than good performance. Lens model analyses showed preparation times (p = 0.001,rho = 0.18), neutral (p = 0.001,rho = 0.13), sad (rho = 0.12), and facial expressions of arousal (p = 0.001,rho = 0.11) to be correlated with observers’ performance ratings. Hence, preparation times and facial cues associated with a player’s level of arousal, neutrality, and sadness seem to be valid nonverbal cues that observers utilize to infer information about subsequent perceptual-motor performance.
Dose reduction potential in cone-beam CT imaging of upper extremity joints with a twin robotic x-ray system
Authors: Luetkens Karsten Sebastian , Ergün Süleyman , Huflage Henner , Kunz Andreas Steven , Gietzen Carsten Herbert , Conrads Nora , Pennig Lenhard , Goertz Lukas , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Gassenmaier Tobias , Grunz Jan-Peter
Published: October 2021

Cone-beam computed tomography is a powerful tool for 3D imaging of the appendicular skeleton, facilitating detailed visualization of bone microarchitecture. This study evaluated various combinations of acquisition and reconstruction parameters for the cone-beam CT mode of a twin robotic x-ray system in cadaveric wrist and elbow scans, aiming to define the best possible trade-off between image quality and radiation dose. Images were acquired with different combinations of tube voltage and tube current–time product, resulting in five scan protocols with varying volume CT dose indices: full-dose (FD; 17.4 mGy), low-dose (LD; 4.5 mGy), ultra-low-dose (ULD; 1.15 mGy), modulated low-dose (mLD; 0.6 mGy) and modulated ultra-low-dose (mULD; 0.29 mGy). Each set of projection data was reconstructed with three convolution kernels (very sharp [Ur77], sharp [Br69], intermediate [Br62]). Five radiologists subjectively assessed the image quality of cortical bone, cancellous bone and soft tissue using seven-point scales. Irrespective of the reconstruction kernel, overall image quality of every FD, LD and ULD scan was deemed suitable for diagnostic use in contrast to mLD (very sharp/sharp/intermediate: 60/55/70%) and mULD (0/3/5%). Superior depiction of cortical and cancellous bone was achieved in FDUr77 and LDUr77 examinations (p < 0.001) with LDUr77 scans also providing favorable bone visualization compared to FDBr69 and FDBr62 (p < 0.001). Fleiss’ kappa was 0.618 (0.594–0.641; p < 0.001), indicating substantial interrater reliability. In this study, we demonstrate that considerable dose reduction can be realized while maintaining diagnostic image quality in upper extremity joint scans with the cone-beam CT mode of a twin robotic x-ray system. Application of sharper convolution kernels for image reconstruction facilitates superior display of bone microarchitecture.
Novel genomic alteration in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms in non-smoker non-drinker females
Authors: Onozato Yusuke , Sasaki Yu , Abe Yasuhiko , Sato Hidenori , Yagi Makoto , Mizumoto Naoko , Kon Takashi , Sakai Takayuki , Ito Minami , Umehara Matsuki , Koseki Ayumi , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2021

Alcohol consumption and smoking pose a significant risk for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) development in males; however, ESCN is often diagnosed in non-drinking and non-smoking females. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain elusive, and understanding them can potentially identify novel pathways involved in ESCN development. We performed short-read sequencing to identify somatic variants on a cancer panel targeting 409 genes using DNA extracted from the superficial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium (NE), and immunohistochemical staining of the protein encoded by the target gene. All male patients (n = 117) were drinkers or smokers, whereas 45% of the female patients (n = 33) were not. Somatic variants were compared among three age-matched groups: 13 female ESCC patients with smoking and drinking habits (known-risk group, F-KR), 13 female ESCC patients without these habits (unknown-risk group, F-UR), and 27 males with ESCC and smoking and drinking habits (M-KR). In the NE, the frequencies of CDKN2A variants were significantly higher in F-UR than in F-KR and M-KR. In both ESCC and NE, p14ARF was significantly overexpressed in F-UR than in the other groups. In conclusion, CDKN2A might be important in ESCC development, independent of known risk factors.
Task compliance predicts suppression-induced forgetting in a large sample
Authors: Liu Peiduo , Hulbert Justin C. , Yang Wenjing , Guo Yuhua , Qiu Jiang , Anderson Michael C.
Published: October 2021

Suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) refers to a memory impairment resulting from repeated attempts to stop the retrieval of unwanted memory associates. SIF has become established in the literature through a growing number of reports built upon the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm. Not all individuals and not all reported experiments yield reliable forgetting, however. Given the reliance on task instructions to motivate participants to suppress target memories, such inconsistencies in SIF may reasonably owe to differences in compliance or expectations as to whether they will again need to retrieve those items (on, say, a final test). We tested these possibilities on a large (N = 497) sample of TNT participants. In addition to successfully replicating SIF, we found that the magnitude of the effect was significantly and negatively correlated with participants’ reported compliance during the No-Think trials. This pattern held true on both same- and independent-probe measures of forgetting, as well as when the analysis was conditionalized on initial learning. In contrast, test expectancy was not associated with SIF. Supporting previous intuition and more limited post-hoc examinations, this study provides robust evidence that a lack of compliance with No-Think instructions significantly compromises SIF. As such, it suggests that diminished effects in some studies may owe, at least in part, to non-compliance—a factor that should be carefully tracked and/or controlled. Motivated forgetting is possible, provided that one is sufficiently motivated and capable of following the task instructions.
Bottom-up water-based solution synthesis for a large MoS2 atomic layer for thin-film transistor applications
Authors: Kwack Young-Jin , Can Thi Thu Thuy , Choi Woon-Seop
Published: October 2021

A bottom-up water-based solution-process method was developed for atomic layered MoS2 with a one-step annealing process and no sulfurization. The chosen MoS2 precursor is water soluble and was carefully formulated to obtain good coating properties on a silicon substrate. The coated precursor was annealed in a furnace one time to crystallize it. This method can obtain a large and uniform atomic layer of 2D MoS2 with 2H lattice structure. The number of atomic layers (4–7) was controlled through the precursor concentrations and showed good uniformity, which was confirmed by STEM and AFM. Four types of thin-film transistors (TFTs) were prepared from the solution-processed MoS2 on Al2O3 and SiO2 dielectric with either thermal evaporated Al or printed Ag source and drain electrodes. The best result shows an improved mobility of 8.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a reasonable on–off ratio of about 1.0 × 105 with solid output saturation.
Amino-functionalized Cu metal–organic framework nanosheets as fluorescent probes for detecting TNP
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Qian , Dong Jianbin , Xu Fanghong , Li Shuying
Published: October 2021

The synthesis of NH2–Cu-MOF nanosheets and the mechanism of the NH2–Cu-MOF nanosheets as fluorescent probes for detecting TNP.
Crystal facet modulation of Bi2WO6 microplates for spatial charge separation and inhibiting reverse reaction
Authors: Adenle Abraham , Zhou Hongpeng , Tao Xiaoping , Zhao Yue , Shi Ming , Zeng Bin , Qu Jiangshan , Li Rengui , Li Can
Published: October 2021

We experimentally demonstrated that spatial charge separation can take place between the {010} and {001} facets of Bi2WO6 microplates.
Cobalt phosphide nanorings towards efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Hong Qing-Ling , Zhou Jia , Zhai Quan-Guo , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Hu Man-Cheng , Xiao Xue , Li Shu-Ni , Chen Yu
Published: October 2021

High-quality CoP nanorings (CoP NRs) show high activity towards the nitrate electrocatalytic reduction reaction due to substantial coordinately unsaturated active sites, a high surface area, and available mass transfer pathways.
Computational and solubility equilibrium experimental insight into Ca2+–fluoride complexation and their dissociation behaviors in aqueous solutions: implication for the association constant measured using fluoride ion selective electrodes
Authors: Zhang Ning , Tang Jianfeng , Luo Qiongqiong , Wang Shaoheng , Zeng Dewen
Published: October 2021

Not the special F⋯H bond interactions but the residual influence of the electrostatic attraction of Ca2+–F− governs the dissociation behavior of Ca2+–F− going from SSIP to completely free Ca2+ and F− despite the long distance between the two ions.
Assessing nickel oxide electrocatalysts incorporating diamines and having improved oxygen evolution activity using operando UV/visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Miura Takafumi , Tsunekawa Shun , Onishi Sho , Ina Toshiaki , Wang Kehsuan , Watanabe Genta , Hu Chechia , Kondoh Hiroshi , Kawai Takeshi , Yoshida Masaaki
Published: October 2021

The role of diamines incorporated in a nickel oxide electrocatalyst for water splitting was examined using operando UV/XAFS spectroscopic techniques.
Current density in solar fuel technologies
Authors: Romano Valentino , D’Angelo Giovanna , Perathoner Siglinda , Centi Gabriele
Published: October 2021

Current density as figure-of-merit to analyze solar-to-fuel direct conversion devices for H2O, CO2 and N2 utilization.
Protection of menhaden oil from oxidation in Pickering emulsion-based delivery systems with α-lactalbumin-chitosan colloidal nanoparticle
Authors: Yi Jiang , He Qingyu , Fan Yuting
Published: October 2021

In this study, α-lactalbumin-chitosan (ALA–CHI) colloidal nanoparticles were spontaneously formed mainly through electrostatic interactions for stabilizing Pickering emulsion loaded with health-beneficial but unstable menhaden oil.
Phytochemical profiles and the hypoglycemic effects of tree peony seed coats
Authors: Liu Zenggen , Li Mingzhu , Qian Dawen , Liu Zheng'an , Shu Qingyan
Published: October 2021

Stilbene compounds are rich in the seed coats of tree peony, which could possess strong hypoglycemic effectsin vitro/vivo.
Evaluating the environmental impacts of formic acid production from CO2: catalytic hydrogenationvs.electrocatalytic reduction
Authors: Kang Dongseong , Byun Jaewon , Han Jeehoon
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes the environmental feasibility of formic acid production from CO2in terms of greenhouse gas emission and fossil resource depletion, and describes the environmental bottlenecks of the CO2utilization strategies.
Chemically modified carbon nanostructures and 2D nanomaterials for fabrics performing under operational tension and extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Sideri Ioanna K. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: October 2021

Textile fabric fibers meet functionalized carbon nanostructures and 2D nanomaterials, enabling the fabrication of novel fabrics with advanced qualities against operational limitations and extreme environmental conditions.
Horizons Community Board collection: solar energy conversion
Authors: Gieseking Rebecca L. M. , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Ryu Jungki
Published: October 2021

A themed collection on solar energy conversion, guest edited by Materials Horizons Community Board members Rebecca Gieseking and Alexandra Ramadan and Nanoscale Horizons Community Board member Jungki Ryu.
Construction of Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 heterostructures with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Guangxin , Fang Jianguang , Xu Haoran , Hu Jingmiao
Published: October 2021

A facile combination of Bi2MoO6 and g-C3N4 promotes the formation of heterojunctions, which reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers.
Preparation of a porous carbon material by hydrothermal activation of itaconic acid fermentation waste liquid and its efficient adsorption of Cr(vi)
Authors: Chen Kun , Dai Renwei , Xu Guanjun , Biney Bernard Wiafe , Shen Jiahua , Xia Wei , Liu Dong
Published: October 2021

Recycling organic waste liquid to treat chromium-containing wastewater to achieve the purpose of treating waste with waste.
Highly sensitive SERS assay of genetically modified organisms in maize via a nanoflower substrate coupled with hybridization chain reaction amplification
Authors: Zhou Xinyu , Ge Shengjie , Sun Yue , Ran Menglin , Liu Yifan , Mao Yu , Cao Xiaowei
Published: October 2021

A novel biosensor based on a high-density “hot spot” SERS substrate coupled with HCR amplification strategy was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of genetically modified organisms in maize.
Structural, optical, dielectric and electrical transport properties of a [Mg(H2O)6]2+-templated proton conducting, semiconducting and photoresponsive 3D hydrogen bonded supramolecular framework
Authors: Singha Soumen , Khanra Bhaskar , Goswami Somen , Mondal Rituparna , Jana Rajkumar , Dey Arka , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Ray Partha Pratim , Rizzoli Corrado , Saha Rajat , Kumar Sanjay
Published: October 2021

{[Co(2,5-Pdc)2,(H2O)2]2−·[Mg(H2O)6]2+·4(H2O)} (where 2,5-pdc = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate): a proton conducting semiconducting photoresponsive [Mg(H2O)6]2+ templated 3D hydrogen bonded supramolecular framework (HSF).
In situ self-assembled N-rich carbon on pristine graphene as a highly effective support and cocatalyst of short Pt nanoparticle chains for superior electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation
Authors: Fan Xiuling , Zhao Ming , Li Tianhao , Zhang Lian Ying , Jing Maoxiang , Yuan Weiyong , Li Chang Ming
Published: October 2021

Pristine-graphene-supported N-rich self-assembled carbon serves as an effective support and cocatalyst of Pt nanoparticle chains for superior MOR activity.
Strain-release enabled [3 + 2] annulation of 3-aminooxetanes with simple CN bonds: facile synthesis of imidazolidines
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Yi-Fei , Jia Feng-Cheng , Gao Yang , Hu Xiao-Qiang
Published: October 2021

An unprecedented [3+2] annulation of readily available 1,3,5-triazinanes and 3-aminooxetanes is accomplished for the first time, enabling the convenient synthesis of a range of structurally diverse 4-hydroxymethyl imidazolidines.
Kinetic and mechanistic insights into Ni-AlKIT-6 catalyzed ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Beucher Remi , Hulea Vasile , Cammarano Claudia
Published: October 2021

An experimental study of the ethylene dimerization and isomerization performed on a mesoporous 2 wt% Ni-AIKIT-6 showed that the kinetically determining step is the insertion of ethylene in the metal–alkyl bond at the nickel site neighborhood.
An organotypic model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer to test the anti-metastatic potential of ROR2 targeted Polyion complex nanoparticles
Authors: Joshi Nidhi , Liu Dongli , Dickson Kristie-Ann , Marsh Deborah J. , Ford Caroline E. , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: October 2021

A 3D co-cultured organotypic cancer model to evaluate the anti-metastatic ability of siRNA loaded BSA decorated PICs nanoparticles has been developed.
2D material hybrid heterostructures: achievements and challenges towards high throughput fabrication
Authors: Maggini Laura , Ferreira Rúben R.
Published: October 2021

2D materials display unique optical/electronic/mechanical properties and a manipulable bidimensional morphology. High throughput assembly processes can be applied for their large scale manufacturing leading to integration into mass produced products.
Word Learning by Preschool-Age Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Impaired Encoding and Robust Consolidation During Slow Mapping
Authors: Gordon Katherine R. , Storkel Holly L. , Lowry Stephanie L. , Ohlmann Nancy B.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Learning novel words, including the specific phonemes that make up word forms, is a struggle for many individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD). Building robust representations of words includes encoding during periods of input and consolidation between periods of input. The primary purpose of the current study is to determine differences between children with DLD and with typical development (TD) in the encoding and consolidation of word forms during the slow mapping process.

Method

Preschool-age children (DLD = 9, TD = 9) were trained on nine form–referent pairs across multiple consecutive training days. Children's ability to name referents at the end of training days indicated their ability to encode forms. Children's ability to name referents at the beginning of training days after a period of overnight sleep indicated their ability to consolidate forms. Word learning was assessed 1 month after training to determine long-term retention of forms.

Results

Throughout training, children with DLD produced fewer forms correctly and produced forms with less phonological precision than children with TD. Thus, children with DLD demonstrated impaired encoding. However, children with and without DLD demonstrated a similar ability to consolidate forms between training days and to retain forms across a 1-month delay.

Conclusions

Difficulties with word form learning are primarily driven by deficits in encoding for children with DLD. Clinicians and educators can support encoding by providing children with adequate exposures to target words via robust training that occurs across multiple sessions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16746454
Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei Lupusnephritis
Authors: Markus Weiner Stefan , Waldherr Rüdiger
Published: October 2021

Bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) findet sich häufig eine renale Mitbeteiligung, der verschiedene pathogenetische Mechanismen zugrunde liegen. Die Nierenbeteiligung hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Prognose des SLE, insbesondere bei progredienter Niereninsuffizienz. Eine Nierenbiopsie ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Nierenbeteiligung und der damit verbundenen therapeutischen Konsequenzen unabdingbar. Sie kann durch nicht-invasive Untersuchungen wie die Urindiagnostik oder Serologie nicht ersetzt werden, da das Ausmaß der Proteinurie oder der Mikrohämaturie keine sicheren Rückschlüsse auf den Schweregrad, die Pathogenese und die Prognose der Nierenbeteiligung erlauben. Die Nierenbiopsie gibt neben der korrekten Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis (LN) Informationen über die Mitbeteiligung des Niereninterstitium, der intrarenalen Gefäße und der Aktivität sowie Chronizität der Nephritis. Auch kann der Pathologe die Frage beantworten, inwieweit mit einer Besserung der Nierenfunktion unter Therapie gerechnet werden kann. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei SLE, der revidierten Klassifikation der LN von 2018 einschließlich Sonderformen der LN und über die Implikationen des Biopsie-Ergebnisses für die Therapie.
Frühe Diagnostik und Therapie – rheumatoide Arthritis
Authors: Christenn Michaela , Fiehn Christoph
Published: October 2021

Der frühe Therapiebeginn der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) ist ein entscheidender Faktor für die weitere Prognose der Erkrankung. Um diese zu ermöglichen existieren seit 2010 die ACR-EULAR-Klassifikationskriterien der RA, welche klinische Kriterien und Laborbefunde verbinden und in einem Punktesystem die frühe Klassifikation ermöglichen. Vorausetzung ist der mindestens einmalige Nachweis einer Synovitis. Aber auch eine Stufe früher, also wenn der Patient z. B. nur Arthralgien hat, ist es möglich, Kriterien anzuwenden, welche die für eine entzündliche Erkrankung suspekten Patienten identifizieren können. Sowohl der Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen anti-citrullinierte Peptide (Anti-CCP) im Serum wie auch Methoden der Bildgebung wie Sonografie, Magnetresonanztomografie und auch noch die 3-Phasenskelettszintigrafie können wesentlich für die frühe Diagnose sein. Schließlich spielen die versorgungsmedizinischen Aspekte eine wichtige Rolle. Eine frühe Diagnose ist nur möglich, wenn dem Patienten der frühe Zugang zu Rheumatolog*innen ermöglicht wird. Die größte Herausforderung dafür ist es, geeignete Strukturen zu schaffen, welche die Auswahl der richtigen Patient*innen ermöglichen und damit die rheumatologischen Ressourcen entlasten. Verschiedene Screeningmodelle unter Nutzung von rheumatologischen Fachassistent*innen, Fragebogensystemen oder aber ärztlichen Kurzsprechstunden werden in Deutschland dafür erprobt. Jedes hat seine spezifischen Vor- und Nachteile, alle können aber die frühe Diagnose und Therapie ermöglichen.
Ferrum phosphoricum D12 Treatment Affects J774A.1 Cell Proliferation, Transcription Levels of Iron Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and Inflammation-related Genes
Authors: Tasinov Oskan , Kiselova-Kaneva Yoana , Ivanova Desislava , Pasheva Milena , Vankova Deyana , Ivanova Diana
Published: October 2021

Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stages of fever and inflammation in cases of colds or flu, muscle fatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of action of FP D12 on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of iron metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammation-related genes in mouse J774A.1 macrophages.

Methods Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test. RT-qPCR analyses were performed to estimate gene expression changes. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2–ΔΔCt method. The effect of treatment using FP D12 tablets was compared with that using placebo tablets (PT).

Results FP D12 in low concentrations (0.0125 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL) significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1 cells by up to 11% (p < 0.01) versus control untreated cells and by up to 40% (p < 0.01) versus PT-treated cells in the respective concentration. FP D12 versus PT induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of ferritin light chain (Ftl1) (by 8-fold, p < 0.01), β-2-microglobulin (B2m) (by 2.5-fold, p < 0.05) and iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (Ireb2) (by 4-fold, p < 0.05), and induced a slight decrease in myosin IE (Myo1e) mRNA expression levels (by 0.4-fold, p < 0.01) in macrophages. A highly significant (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) correlation was observed between Ireb2 and B2m transcription levels. Significant stimulation of antioxidant enzyme Gpx-1 (by 1.27-fold, p < 0.01) in cells by 0.025 mg/mL FP D12, but a slight decrease (by 0.12-fold, p < 0.05) in 0.0125 mg/mL-treated cells, was observed. A significant increase in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold, р < 0.05) in macrophages was also detected.

Conclusion Ferrum phosphoricum in D12 dilution potentially exhibits iron retention, antioxidant and immunomodulation activities, possibly by modulating transcription levels of related genes in non-stimulated mouse macrophages.
Lethality of Birth Defects in Live Born Infants Categorized by Gestational Age and Birth Weight
Authors: Rittler Monica , Campaña Hebe , Heisecke Silvina , Ratowiecki Julia , Elias Dario , Gimenez Lucas , Poletta Fernando A. , Gili Juan , Pawluk Mariela , Santos Maria Rita , Uranga Rocio , Cosentino Viviana , Camelo Jorge Lopez
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to describe lethality of birth defects (BDs) in newborns categorized by gestational age and birth weight and to identify BDs associated with prematurity.

Study Design Live born infants (n = 16,452) with isolated BDs classified by severity, and 42,511 healthy controls were assigned to categories: adequate growth, preterm, or small for gestational age (SGA). Proportion of cases and BDs' lethality rates were obtained by category and compared with controls.

Results Overall fewer malformed than nonmalformed infants were of adequate growth, while the opposite occurred in the preterm and SGA categories where gastroschisis and esophageal atresia were among the most outstanding defects. For most severe BDs, the early neonatal death rate was higher than control values in all categories; for mild defects, except cleft lip in the preterm category, they did not differ. Diaphragmatic hernia showed the highest lethality values, while those of spina bifida were among the lowest. Talipes, hypospadias, and septal heart defects were mild defects significantly associated with prematurity.

Conclusion Although reasons, such as induced preterm delivery of fetuses with certain anomalies, could partially account for their high prematurity rates, susceptibility to preterm birth might exist through underlying mechanisms related with the defects. The identification of BDs associated with prematurity should serve to improve measures that prevent preterm birth especially of fetuses at risk.

Key Points