bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal and Tactical Questions of Presentation for the Identification of People in Trial
Authors:   Saratov State University, Ivanov A. N.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted by the scantily explored problems of presentation for the identification in trial. It’ s analyses differences between identification for the identification in trial from the same name investigatory action which are put into effect during preliminary investigation. It’ s groundes principle posibility of presentation for the identification of people in the present stage of criminal trial. In article consider, s legal terms of execution this trial action.
The Bases of the Conclusion of Contracts of Cargoes, Transportation Process Automobile
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Fast O. F.
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the consideration of the contract, mediating the transport of goods by road.
The Impact of Demographic Transition on Energy Poverty in China: Potential Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Mustafa Iqra
Published: January 2025

Energy poverty is a serious concern and an influential global determinant of subjective well-being (SWB). This paper seeks to explore the impact of demographic transition on energy poverty. Data for the study was obtained through panel data from 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2022. The old dependency ratio is selected to address the shift in the total population. The negative population growth is anticipated to increase further and may not be easy to reverse. Demographic shifts also cause the gap to widen and alter the patterns of energy consumption. The energy poverty concept is measured through a multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) established on five key indicators: electricity consumption, clean cooking fuel like natural gas, telecommunication, heating, and cooling appliances. A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique is used to analyze the impact of the old dependency ratio (ODR) on energy poverty and a fixed effects model is performed to confirm the stability of the results. The outcome reveals that ODR and the demographic transition strongly contribute to worsening energy poverty. Effective policy implications regarding regional disparities among the elderly can change these challenges into opportunities and enhance clean energy access and infrastructure development across all regions.
Understanding What’s at the “COR” of Instructor Burnout: A Conservation of Resources and Job Demands-Resources Perspective
Authors: Lackey David , Szolosi Andrew M. , Martin Bruce
Published: January 2025

Feelings of burnout are widely thought to be a contributing factor to low employee retention for outdoor expeditionary program (OEP) field instructors. The purpose of this study was to examine how certain job demands and resources influence levels of burnout among OEP field instructors. To address this aim, the following study evaluated feelings of burnout, perceptions of job demands and perceptions of job resources among outdoor expeditionary field instructors at the end of their summer season. Although field instructors generally reported low levels of burnout, regression analyses provided a means by which to better understand the role certain factors had on feelings of burnout. Stress aiding personal characteristics with the addition of stress mediating conditions served as significant predictors for feelings of burnout. Findings from the study are examined and discussed from a conservation of resources and job demands-resources model perspective.
A Systematic Identification and Overview of National Qualification Programs for Outdoor Pursuit Leaders Worldwide
Authors: Bissonnette François , Bergeron Nicholas , Goulet Sarah-Jade , Lajoie Charlotte , Chaubet Philippe , Gadais Tegwen
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to identify national qualification programs for outdoor pursuit leaders (OPLs) worldwide, using a systematic survey methodology inspired in part by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search protocol, and international experts were consulted to identify OPL qualification programs. A brief overview of the characteristics of these programs is presented as a comparison tool. In all, 16 national programs were identified across five continents. The results highlight the existence of OPL qualification programs in a variety of geographical and cultural contexts, with a significant concentration in Europe. The study offers a discussion of the challenges encountered in identifying these programs, due to the diversity of program names and qualification objectives. Despite certain methodological limitations, this study constitutes, to our knowledge, an important first step toward a better understanding of OPL training and qualification worldwide, offering avenues for future research in the field and opening the door for applications in the practical domain.
Evidencias: de la teoría a la práctica de enfermería
Authors: Barragán Becerra Julián Andrés , Barrera Sánchez Lina Fernanda , Casas Ureña, Daniel , Galindo Huertas Mayra Solanye , Herrera Amaya, Giomar Maritza , Manrique Abril Fred Gustavo , Moreno Mójica Claudia , Núñez Narváez Jhoanna Carolina , Pinzón Jaimes Carol , Algarra López María Angela , Avella Cantor Tatiana Andrea , Cardenal Tibatá Yina Lorena , Hernández Hernández Angie Natalia , Padilla González Yancy Yulieth , Parra Duarte Duván Andrey , Piamba González Nelson , Vanegas Pulido Laura Camila
Published: January 2025

El libro “Evidencias: de la teoría a la práctica de enfermería”, es un documento resultado de procesos de investigación; su desarrollo se hace a través de un escalonamiento capítulo a capítulo, que contiene diferentes metodologías utilizadas para abordar las preguntas de investigación; a partir de la presentación de una fase exploratoria fundamental en investigación, como son las revisiones de literatura que surgen desde las ideas; posteriormente, se identifica la sistematización de experiencias que permiten lograr una interpretación crítica de las vivencias prácticas en enfermería. A partir del reordenamiento y reconstrucción, se utilizan procesos lógicos de pensamiento de los involucrados en la experiencia; luego, se expone el desarrollo de procesos de investigación retomados desde el paradigma cualitativo, en el que se evidencia cómo el análisis de los fenómenos sociales expresados no solo en la práctica académica sino a través de las tecnologías de la información, propician investigaciones que generan conocimiento divulgable a la comunidad general. Para finalizar, las guías de práctica, se encuentran fundamentadas en evidencias, una investigación documental con herramientas metodológicas rigurosas para la lectura crítica de los resultados de investigaciones, las cuales garantizan la generación de recomendaciones con una base científica confiable, apropiada y adaptada a los diferentes ámbitos del ejercicio profesional.
Inovações para a gestão urbana
Authors: Pereira Augusto Pimentel , Prokopiuk Mario
Published: January 2025

Este estudo explora a influência da gestão do conhecimento e da capacitação técnica na capacidade organizacional para o alinhamento tecnológico, particularmente no contexto inovador de Curitiba. Visando preencher lacunas no entendimento de como esses fatores interagem em ecossistemas tecnológicos, utilizaram-se Modelos Lineares Mistos para analisar respostas de 128 profissionais, enfocando suas experiências com as tecnologias BIM e GIS. A metodologia envolveu uma análise estatística abrangente, garantindo a replicabilidade do estudo. Os resultados apontam uma correlação positiva significativa entre a capacidade de gestão do conhecimento e capacitação técnica (CGCCT) e a capacidade organizacional para alinhamento tecnológico em ecossistemas de inovação (COATEI), demonstrando que cada incremento em CGCCT corresponde a uma melhoria em COATEI. O estudo também revela que a experiência com as tecnologias BIM e GIS e a intensidade de uso modulam significativamente essa capacidade. Conclui-se que a gestão do conhecimento e a capacitação técnica desempenham um papel crítico no fomento de estratégias eficazes de integração tecnológica. Contudo, a especificidade do contexto de Curitiba sugere cautela na generalização dos achados, evidenciando a necessidade de pesquisas futuras em diversos ecossistemas tecnológicos.
Living labs of agriculture in innovation districts
Authors: Carvalho Laura Martins de , Souza Zilma Borges , Kimpara Janaina Mitsue
Published: January 2025

Based on the concepts of Knowledge-Based Urban Development (KBUD) and Living Labs (LL) of Agriculture, this article analyses the open innovation processes of two agricultural living labs: VivAgriLab on the Paris-Saclay campus in France and AgroLab Uniandes in Colombia, aiming to understand the adaptation possibilities of their models to Brazilian university campuses. The methodology used was Case Study involving bibliographic research, document analysis, and secondary data collection. Results show that VivAgriLab effectively integrates organised civil society around agriculture and environmental preservation through applied scientific research and open innovation processes. It demonstrates that agriculture-focused living labs can promote interaction and integration between society and academic research in agricultural production. VivAgriLab fosters meetings between researchers and stakeholders, encouraging transdisciplinary projects supporting the region's ecological, agroecological, and food transitions through a multisectoral approach. AgroLab Uniandes facilitates dialogue, co-creation, experimentation, and the integration of traditional, experiential, and scientific knowledge, focusing on research, technology, and education. While its high-tech solutions enhance efficiency in urban agriculture, they raise concerns about accessibility and scalability for small-scale and resource-limited farmers, potentially widening the gap between advanced and traditional practices. AgroLab and similar initiatives should pair technological innovations with robust education, training, and support programs to democratise urban agriculture, ensuring all farmers can benefit from and contribute to the evolving urban agriculture landscape. Each, in its way, contributes to sustainable development and presents a viable solution to the challenges faced by the scientific community in conducting applied and transdisciplinary research in real-world contexts.
Effects of anti-epidemic (quarantine) measures on people during the COVID-19 pandemic: applying social network analysis to identify the key topics
Authors: Pleshkova E. K. , Rezanova Z. I.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to examine the public reaction to the implementation of quarantine measures through a personality-oriented discourse.

Materials and methods. Text data were collected from a microblogging platform, resulting in a dataset of 86,750 texts related to the topics of “pandemic” and “quarantine measures”. The lexical conceptualization of the pandemic and quarantine measures represented in the texts was analyzed through the lens of a personality-oriented discourse. Text lemmatization was conducted using the “snowball” library. A data feature matrix was then created based on the lemmatized tokens, which included 53 tokens with a frequency of use exceeding 1,300 times. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) method was used to create a keyword co-occurrence network consisting of undirected graphs. This analysis was performed using the free software R version 4.4.1, with the assistance of the Quanteda library, built-in “base” packages, and the gsub function.

Results. The resulting network consisted of 53 key lexemes, which actors used to respond to quarantine measures in the personality-oriented discourse. The central node of the network was “coronavirus”, which was used 79,838 times between March 1 and April 30, 2020. The nearest nodes were “test” (used 4,663 times) and “Russia” (used 5,848 times). This network had high centrality, indicating that despite strict restrictive measures, the focus of the general public was on the pandemic itself and its impact on society rather than on the restrictions imposed.

Conclusion. The implementation of these anti-epidemic measures has created a unique sociolinguistic world view, reflecting the interaction between society and the outside world in a time of uncertainty and health risks, affecting the analysis of information and the behavioral strategies chosen by society.
Studying molecular interactions of synthetic glucocorticoids with TRPM8 by molecular docking
Authors: Timkin P. D. , Kotelnikov D. D. , Timofeev E. A. , Naumov D. E. , Borodin E. A.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To carry out in silico screening of interactions of synthetic glucocorticoids with TRPM8.

Materials and methods. Information on the structure of the ligands was obtained from the PubChem chemical database in sdf format. The TRPM8 protein model was downloaded from the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (AlpahaFold ID: AF-Q7Z2QW). Prediction of molecular cavities and coordinates of their centers was carried out on the PrankWeb web server. Modeling of molecular interactions was carried out using AutoDock (generation of 100 epochs) and MOE (generation of 300 poses) software.

Results. The study revealed that the ligands formed stable complexes with TRPM8, but all of them, except for beclomethasone dipropionate, did not interact with the Tyr745 amino acid residue (the key binding site for channel activation). Thus, it can be assumed that glucocorticoids are most likely inhibitors of this ion channel. Of all glucocorticoids, special attention was paid to prednisolone, flunisolide, and budesonide, since the results of molecular docking of these molecules using AutoDock and MOE showed comparable data.

Conclusion. The results obtained provide an insight into the therapeutic potential of these drugs in terms of their use in the treatment of cold-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and also expand the potential for their personalized use in the treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD.
Effects of forced treadmill exercise on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Milovanova K. G. , Zakharova A. N. , Orlova A. A. , Kollantay O. V. , Shuvalov I. Yu. , Popov S. A. , Medvedev M. A. , Kovalev I. V. , Yakimovich I. Yu. , Chibalin A. V. , Kapilevich L. V.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the effect of forced treadmill exercise on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in liver and skeletal muscle tissues of mice with a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, taking into account age and biological rhythm characteristics.

Materials and methods. To create a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a high-fat diet was used. Physical activity in the form of forced treadmill exercise was carried out for 4 weeks. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in muscle and liver tissues were determined by Western blotting.

Results. A decrease in glycogen content in the muscles in T2DM was associated with activation of its breakdown rather than with its reduced synthesis. Significant and multidirectional changes were recorded in the content of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues. These changes were significantly influenced by both the nature of diet and physical activity. The development of T2DM in mice was accompanied by a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in the liver along with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. It is worth noting that physical activity provided partial normalization of the ratio of lipid fractions, despite the fact that the exercises were performed in the context of a high-fat diet. In the T2DM group, metabolic changes caused by both T2DM modeling and physical exercises were not only quantitative, but in some cases also qualitative. The effects of physical exercises performed at different times of the day on metabolic processes in the liver and muscle tissues varied significantly.

Conclusion. Physical activity can help prevent not only metabolic disorders (obesity and insulin resistance), but also associated complications on the part of the liver and cardiovascular system.
NETs production and citrullinated histone H3 level in children with tuberculosis
Authors: Novikov D. G. , Zolotov A. N. , Indutny A. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Kirichenko N. A. , Romanova M. A. , Ptukhin A. O.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To characterize parameters of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production in the leukocyte culture and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) level in peripheral blood to assess the features of NETosis in children with tuberculosis.

Materials and methods. The study included 20 children with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB group) and 20 clinically healthy children without signs of sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (control group). The ability of neutrophils to form NETs under ex vivo exposure to a non-specific immune stimulant and the concentration of citH3 in peripheral blood were investigated.

Results. Neutrophils in children with tuberculosis formed filamentous NETs (Me = 21.0 and Me = 16.0, respectively; p = 0.0474) and cloud-like NETs (Me = 10.5 and Me = 4.0, respectively; p = 0.0068) more frequently than the controls. Filamentous NETs prevailed in both groups. However, cloud-like NETs were registered in all patients in the TB group (100%) and only in 15 of 20 children in the control group (χ2 = 16.01; p < 0.0068). The concentration of citH3 in the blood was 18.9 times higher in the TB group than in the control group (Me = 26.5 and Me = 1.4, respectively; p = 0.0041). A strong positive correlation was found between the citH3 concentration and the generation of filamentous (r = 0.86; p = 0.0137), but not cloud-like NETs (r = 0.95; p = 0.0008) in both groups.

Conclusion. The high level of citH3 in the TB group can reflect its NETosis-induced release and be caused by increased NETosis in vivo. This may be due to the previously formed potential of neutrophils to generate NETs (a proNETotic phenotype), which is consistent with our observation of an increased ability of isolated neutrophils to form extracellular traps ex vivo in children of the TB group.
Les exigences en matière d'amnistie dans l'Etat de droit démocratique contemporain : une analyse comparative du cas espagnol (1977-2024)
Authors: DOMENECH-SANCHEZ Beatriu
Published: January 2025

Photo©AdobeStock
De l’affaire du siècle à l’arrêt de la décennie ? À propos de l’arrêt Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz et al. c. Suisse
Authors: Szymczak David
Published: January 2025

Photo©AdobeStock
CourEDH, Gde ch., 9 avril 2024, req. n° 53600/20
Controverses juridiques sur la définition des nanomatériaux en droit européen
Authors: Tissier-Raffin Marion , Achat Nickolas , Morin Didier
Published: January 2025

Photo©AdobeStock
Sources and use of Indonesia’s foreign debt from an Islamic economic perspective based on Siddiqi’s theory
Authors: Sumantri Nur Adnan Tamalia Ali , Andriansyah Yuli , Nayak Venkatesha
Published: January 2025

Introduction Foreign debt has been a significant factor influencing Indonesia's economic growth, both positively and negatively. Despite its role as a critical source of funding, mismanagement has led to dependency and economic challenges. Research on foreign debt from the perspective of Islamic economics remains limited, especially concerning its sources, utilization, and compliance with Islamic principles.Objectives This study aims to analyze the sources and uses of Indonesia’s foreign debt from an Islamic economic perspective, utilizing M. Nejatullah Siddiqi's theory. It also seeks to assess how foreign debt aligns with Islamic principles and its implications for the country's economy.Method A qualitative research methodology was employed, focusing on a literature review of previous studies, policy documents, and secondary data related to Indonesia’s foreign debt from 2009 to 2018.Results The study identifies that Indonesia's foreign debt is sourced through bilateral and multilateral loans and used primarily for infrastructure and public services. However, significant inefficiencies and interest-based practices conflict with Islamic principles, particularly the prohibition of riba (usury). Misallocation of funds and rising debt levels have further exacerbated economic disparities and dependency on external creditors.Implications To reduce dependency on foreign debt and align financial practices with Islamic principles, policy recommendations include optimizing domestic resource management, implementing Sharia-compliant financing models, and improving accountability in public expenditure.Originality/Novelty This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia's foreign debt within the framework of Islamic economics, offering practical insights for policymakers to ensure sustainable and ethical economic practices while addressing the country’s financial challenges.
Exact Closed-Form M/D/c Queueing Delay Formula
Authors: Wong David Tung Chong
Published: January 2025

It has been more than a century since Erlang published his paper in 1909. The classical queueing system for the M/D/c queue has been investigated by many authors. The key is to find the roots of an equation using explicit or numerical methods. We present an alternate form of explicit solution(s) of this/these root(s) using the Lambert-W function in this paper. Finally, the mean queueing delay are obtained via this function. The exact queueing delay formula for the M/D/c queue is expressed in closed-form in terms of the Lambert-W function as well as explicit closed-form with basic queueing parameters. New result is presented. Numerical results show that they are in excellent agreement with the numerical results published by Seelen, Tijms and Van Hoorn.
Energy Extraction from Superfluid Quantum Space
Authors: Šorli Amrit
Published: January 2025

The existence of zero-point electromagnetic energy of space is a potentially unlimited source of green energy. For a better understanding of energy extraction from space the model of an “empty space-time” has to be replaced by the model of superfluid quantum space which is a four-dimensional type of energy. Electric current is a flux of space energy along, X1, X2, and X3, magnetic current is a flux of space energy along X2, X3, and X4. Permanent magnets create a constant magnetic flux that can be transformed into mechanical kinetic energy.
Mechanisms of Anemia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Santos Simone , Lousa Irina , Sameiro-Faria Maria , Santos-Silva Alice , Belo Luís
Published: January 2025

Renal aging is a physiological process marked by functional and anatomical changes in the kidneys. However, the presence of disorders or pathologies can exacerbate these age-related changes, potentially leading to organ dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a global public health problem, is particularly prevalent in the elderly and is often associated with the age-related decline in kidney function, that is worsened by accompa-nying risk factors. Anemia is one of the common complications of CKD, along with arteri-al hypertension, cardiovascular disease, mineral and bone disorders, among others.
Among elderly individuals, anemia is a prevalent condition, with mild anemia being the most common type. Anemia in this population is often multifactorial and CKD is an im-portant etiologic factor. Identifying the underlying cause of anemia in elderly individuals is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment. The primary etiologies include nutritional defi-ciency, anemia of unknown cause, and anemia of chronic diseases, including CKD.
In this manuscript we provide a comprehensive review of the renal anatomo-functional changes associated with aging and the mechanisms underlying the anemia in the elderly CKD patient.
Predicting the Role of Language in Developing Intercultural Competence: A Comparative Study of Study Abroad Experiences in English-Speaking and Non-English-Speaking Regions
Authors: Ogunleye Akindele
Published: January 2025

The challenge of globalization is probably the greatest challenge for educators since the last millennium. The concept of studying abroad as a panacea for the complexity of globalism has been challenging for the development of intercultural competence. The world has rapidly become a global village, confronting educational institutions to produce graduates skillful to fit the changing world and marketplace. Therefore, an effective study abroad for U.S. education would be beneficial for both individual and institutional goals. Study abroad is a self-elect program where students elect to participate in the program of their choice leading to the major obstacle to tracking collective effectiveness. This study reveals long held beliefs of study abroad and language as a prime motivator of study abroad. The study reveals that language may not hold much predictable development for intercultural competence due to other variable factors of globalization. In other words, educators would have to reflect more on the potential of study abroad and cultural development to create programs that can transform intercultural learners into global citizens.
A Simple and Precise Procedure for a Complete Characterization of a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography System
Authors: Shih Kun-Lung , Jin David, Shih-Chun , Wang Chia-Wei , Chen Jyh-Cheng
Published: January 2025

In the calibration of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), two factors must be checked: the alignment of the imaging detector of the CBCT system and the effect of the slant sample platform. Earlier, we developed and validated a distinct procedure to accurately calibrate with precision any misalignment of the detector by using a cylindrical phantom with beads in a straight line, parallel to the axis of rotation of the CBCT system. Here, we generalize our earlier procedure to calibrate the CBCT system, then also detect and rectify a slight slant of the sample platform. We revise and validate our new procedure by calibrating the CBCT system, and it also determines the tilt angle between the central axis of phantom and the axis of rotation, when not 0°. The errors of misaligned angles for our new procedure are within ±0.03° which calibrates the CBCT system more precisely than our earlier work. To confirm that, we have performed a complete precise calibration of a dental CBCT system with the tilting sample platform. We also reconstruct a HA phantom in this CBCT system to analyze the quality of reconstruction. We present here a validated means to calibrate a CBCT system and rectify the effect of its tilting sample platform with good accuracy.
Endoscopic Features of Early Autoimmune Gastritis: Insights From a Case Study in a Young Male Patient
Authors: Imoto Ichiro , Kato Toshio , Oka Satoko , Konishi Kae , Horiki Noriyuki , Yasuma Taro , Gabazza. Esteban
Published: January 2025

Autoimmune gastritis, traditionally called type A gastritis, is characterized by cor-pus-predominant atrophic gastritis caused by autoimmune mechanisms. Most cases are diagnosed in middle-aged or elderly individuals, as complications such as pernicious anemia and impaired absorption of iron and vitamin B12 typically manifest in advanced stages. Additionally, patients with autoimmune gastritis are often asymptomatic, making reports of early-stage endoscopic findings exceedingly rare. A 22-year-old male presented to our hospital with complaints of epigastric pain and lower back pain. He had undergone eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection at another hospital three months prior to presentation. A urea breath test confirmed the successful eradication of H. pylori. Endoscopic examination revealed extensive, sharply demarcated mucosal atrophy extending orally from the middle of the gastric body, while the gastric antrum showed no evidence of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Laboratory tests revealed a mild elevation of anti-parietal cell antibody levels by a factor of 10 (reference range: 0–9), whereas serum gastrin and vitamin B12 levels remained within normal limits. Iron metabolism parameters were also normal. This report presents a rare case of early-stage autoimmune gastritis with distinctive endoscopic findings in a young male.
Clinical Application of Nasotracheal Intubation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zhang Yan-Qiu , Zhao Ji , Liang Cheng-Cheng , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

Nasotracheal intubation is commonly used in clinical practice for procedures requiring general anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, and emergency treatment of critically ill patients. It provides a good surgical field and operating space for maxillofacial surgeries, offers an artificial airway for long-term mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, and presents a new method for emergency and difficult airway intubation patients. Compared to orotracheal intubation, nasotracheal intubation has advantages such as minimal stimulation to the throat, good patient tolerance, easy fixation, facilitation of oral care, and longer duration of placement. However, it requires higher technical skill from the operator and has a higher incidence of complications like epistaxis and sinusitis, which have restricted its widespread application. From the early blind intubation method to the current direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the success rate of nasotracheal intubation has gradually increased while the incidence of complications has decreased. In this review article, we summarize the common methods, advantages and disadvantages of nasotracheal intubation, as well as the research progress on related complications and coping strategies, aiming to enhance the application of this technology in clinical practice.
On the Realization of “Dead Time” in a Synchronous Step-Down Converter
Authors: Antchev Hristo Mihailov , Dimitar Borisov Borisov
Published: January 2025

The article proposes a synchronous step-down converter implemented with P-channel and N-channel transistors. The transistors are controlled by a single driver, and “dead time” is implemented with external circuits. When an initial problem occurs with ensuring this time in practical implementation, the influence of the Schottky diode capacitance on “dead time” is considered. Mathematical expressions were derived, showing the ratio of the value of this capacitance and the input capacitance of the transistor, and the influence of this ratio on the shape of the leading edge of the pulse for switching on the transistor. Results of computer simulation are given for different ratios of the two capacitances. The results of the mathematical description and computer simulation were used to select a suitable transistor and Schottky diode and are applied in the subsequent practical implementation. Conclusions and recommendations were done, for the synchronous step-down converter, as well as for other cases of implementing dead time in the manner considered.
Research on Performance Predictive Model and Parameter Optimization of Pneumatic Drum Seed Metering Device Based on Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Pan Yilong , Yu Yaxin , Zhou Junwei , Qin Wenbing , Wang Qiang , Wang Yinghao
Published: January 2025

This innovative method improves the inefficient optimization of the parameters of a pneumatic drum seed metering device. The method applies a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to establish a predictive model and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) to search for the optimal solution. Six types of small vegetable seeds were selected to conduct orthogonal experiments of seeding performance. The results were used to build a dataset for building a BPNN predictive model according to the inputs of the physical properties of the seed (thousand-grain weight, kernel density, sphericity, and geometric mean diameter) and the parameters of the device (vacuum pressure, drum rotational speed, and suction hole diameter). From this, the model output the seeding performance indices (the missing and reseeding indexes). The MOPSO algorithm uses the BPNN predictive model as a fitness function to search for the optimal solution for three types of seeds, and the optimized results were verified through bench experiments. The results show that the predicted qualified indices for tomato, pepper, and bok choi seeds are 85.50%, 85.52%, and 84.87%, respectively. All the absolute errors between the predicted and experimental results are less than 3%, indicating that the results are reliable and meet the requirements for efficient parameter optimization of a seed metering device.
In Vitro Perspective on Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: du Plessis Peter , Nkosi Pauline Busisiwe , Nair Shankari , Akudugu John
Published: January 2025

The rising incidence of breast cancer, particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, 19 highlights the need to investigate effective treatment options, especially in resource-limited countries such as those 20 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects of hypofractionated versus conventionally 21 fractionated radiotherapy on various breast cell lines. The responses of breast cell lines including MCF-7 (hormone 22 receptor-positive), MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative), and MCF-10A (non-cancerous) to cobalt-60 γ-rays were 23 assessed. Key radiobiological endpoints included clonogenic survival, adaptive responses, migration, invasion, 24 and cytotoxicity measured through lactate dehydrogenase assays. Findings reveal that α/β ratios for breast cancer 25 cells varied from 2.5 to 5.4 Gy. Notably, hypofractionation reduced survival in hormone receptor-positive cells, 26 while triple-negative cells exhibited increased survival. Additionally, adaptive radiation responses increased 27 viability across all lines, and the non-cancerous (MCF-10A) cell line showed reduced migration post-treatment. 28 These results highlight the importance of personalised radiation therapy, optimising treatment strategies based on 29 specific breast cancer subtypes to potentially improve patient outcomes.
Pediatric Spigelian Hernia and Spigelian-Cryptorchidism Syndrome: an Integrating Review
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Rico Jimenez María
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Spigelian hernia (SH) is an aponeurotic defect, either acquired or congenital, in Spiegel's semilunar line. SH is exceptional in pediatric patients. Methods: A comprehensive non-systematic review of the previous literature was conducted. Eligible studies were identified by searching the primary existing medical bibliography databases. Median and interquartile range or mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables and proportions for categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare group variables. The Spearman, Pearson and Cramér´s V correlation analyses were used to assess the degree of correlation between the study variables. A p-value <0.05 (two tails) was considered statistically significant. Results: Eighty-two publications reporting 123 patients were included. Of these, 105 were male (85.4%). The age range was from 0 to 21 years. Forty-seven patients (38.2%) had a left-sided SH, and 13 (10.6%) had a bilateral SH. Forty-five cases (36.6%) were classified as traumatic, the majority attributable to bicycle-related injuries. Forty-one patients (33.3%) presented with a SH associated with undescended testis (UDT). A peak incidence around 7-9 years was identified for traumatic SH, and a concentration of cases before one year of age for SH associated with UDT. Fifteen patients (12.2%) were reported to have hernia incarceration/strangulation (I/S). These patients were significantly younger than those without I/S (p=0.02), but no gender differences were seen (p=0.63). In 95 patients (77.2%), surgical correction of the defect was reported. Fourteen were approached laparoscopically, with a 35.7% conversion rate. Eight (6.5%) were managed conservatively. Overall, the reported evolution has been favorable. Conclusions: HS is an uncommon condition in pediatric populations, predominantly affecting males. It can present congenitally, with a significant association with ipsilateral UDT, or it can be acquired, typically related to bicycle trauma involving the SL. The risk of incarceration is relatively high, particularly during early childhood. Most reported cases have been treated surgically, with favorable outcomes. Evidence regarding conservative management is limited.
Assessing Veterans’ Lived Experiences After Exposure to an Autonomous Shuttle
Authors: Wandenkolk Isabelle , Classen Sherrilene , Stetten Nichole , Hwangbo Seung Woo , LeBeau Kelsea
Published: January 2025

Transportation is often cited by Veterans, including minority groups, people with disabilities, and residents of rural areas, as a significant barrier to accessing healthcare. Autonomous shuttles (AS) offer a potential solution, yet limited research has explored Veterans' experiences with this technology. This study qualitatively investigated Veterans’ lived experiences with AS through focus groups, enrolling participants aged 18+ from Gainesville, The Villages, and Lake Nona, Florida. Via a directed content analysis, six key themes were identified: Perceived Benefits, Safety, Experience with Autonomous Vehicles (AV), AS Experience, AV Adoption, and Perception Change. Among 26 participants (aged 30–85; 77% men; 88% urban residents), prominent themes included Safety (n = 161), Perceived Benefits (n = 153), and AS Experience (n = 118), with predominantly positive counts in all themes except AS Experience. Participants acknowledged safety advantages and multitasking potential of AS over human-operated vehicles while recommending improvements to the shuttle’s slow speed, availability and convenience. While the AS ride was positively received overall, some participants noted issues with comfort and braking, emphasizing the need for further technological enhancements. Real-world exposure to AS appeared to influence acceptance positively, offering insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to optimize AS deployment for mobility-vulnerable Veterans.
Biodegradability of Nonwoven Fabrics with Poultry Feathers as an Alternative to Traditional Nonwoven Materials
Authors: Jóźwik-Pruska Jagoda , Wrześniewska-Tosik Krystyna , Kowalewski Tomasz , Wietecha Justyna , Pałczyńska Michalina , Szalczyńska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Geotextiles are used for separation, drainage, filtration and sealing of anti-erosion protection, as well as for improving plant vegetation conditions. The research objective of this work was to verify the effect of adding poultry feathers on the acceleration of biodegradation of nonwovens in arable soil. The studies were conducted in laboratory conditions and were based on the assessment of mass loss. The experiments confirmed the positive effect of the presence of waste rich in keratin on the time required for biodegradation of the tested materials (the biodegradation period was 1–24 weeks). In addition, the effect of biodegradation of the tested materials on ecotoxicity was examined and no negative effect on microbiological activity was found (106 cfu). The studies also included determining the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the test substrate (blank test, 12–14:1; with the addition of feathers, 19–20:1). Statistical analysis showed a correlation between mechanical properties and biodegradation time. This research was an important step in the management of poultry feather waste in agricultural applications. The tested materials could be seen as an alternative that meets all ecological criteria, which seems to be a golden solution that not only allows the supply of important nutrients to the soil but also manages the waste in an environmentally safe way. These results open up possibilities of using feather waste as a component of environmentally friendly agricultural nonwovens that can be degraded in-situ in the soil.
Fertility prognosis in patients after endovascular treatment of uterine myoma
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Krasnova I.A. , Breusenko V.G. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Aksenova V.B. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Esipova I.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kudimova M.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khashieva F.M. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Basali O. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Skripkina A.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The effect of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of uterine myoma (UM) on the endometrium and its receptivity and, therefore, on fertility remains unknown. It is relevant to search for and evaluate ultrasound criteria for the adequacy of the endometrium in patients with UM before and after UAE.
Objective. To study the capabilities of ultrasound scanning in the assessment of endometrial receptivity in patients after endovascular treatment of UM to improve the efficacy of UAE and to predict fertility.
Patients and methods. The study included 116 patients (mean age: 38.17 ± 2.48) with a biphasic menstrual cycle (MC) after UAE. All patients were divided into 5 groups depending on the type of the dominant myomatous node (MN): group I – 14 patients with type 2 MN, group II – 44 patients with type 2–5 MN, group III – 19 patients with type 3 MN, group IV – 6 patients with type 4 MN, group V – 33 patients with type 5, 6 MN. The comparison group comprised of 20 healthy women with a normal MC.
Algorithms for using various functions and modes of 2D/3D ultrasound to determine the echographic parameters of endometrial receptivity were developed.
Results. Using Doppler criteria (vascularization index) and echographic criteria (endometrial thickness, structure, contour), the negative effect of embolized MNs deforming the uterine cavity or adjacent regions on the endometrial proliferative activity and its receptivity was proved. Contraindications for the use of UAE in reproductive-aged patients planning pregnancy were supplemented.
Conclusion. Based on the developed ultrasound criteria, it is possible to assess the risk of negative effect of UAE on fertility depending on the location of MN already at the preoperative stage.
Key words: uterine myoma, uterine artery embolization, endometrial receptivity, infertility
Role of empirical therapy in pregnant women with acute respiratory viral infections in the first trimester
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation, Zamaleeva R.S. , Сherepanova N.A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation, Frizina A.V. ,   Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of empirical therapy of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) before the causative agent identification in pregnant women in the first trimester to reduce pregnancy complications.
Patients and methods. We analyzed the course of ARVI and pregnancy outcomes in low perinatal risk pregnant women (n = 109) who were infected with ARVI in the first trimester, depending on empirical therapy in comparison with pregnant women without ARVI (n = 60).
Results. ARVI in the first trimester increases the frequency of pregnancy complications, including long-term complications such as isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI, p = 0.016), hypertensive conditions (p = 0.045, pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension), late uteroplacental blood flow disorders (p = 0.03), and neonatal diseases. Early administration of intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon) for the treatment of ARVI resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of clinical symptoms of threatened miscarriage (p = 0.042) and neonatal diseases (p = 0.03). Furthermore, there was a trend towards a 3.3-fold decrease in the development of ICI (p = 0.09), a 2.5-fold decrease in the incidence of gestational hypertension (p = 0.27), a 3-fold decrease in the incidence of spontaneous miscarriage (p = 0.13), fetal growth restriction (p = 0.16) and uteroplacental blood flow disorders (p = 0.08). In the main group of women, who received early ARVI treatment with intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine, the disease duration was significantly shorter, thereby reducing the need for antibiotic therapy and hospitalization.
Conclusion. ARVI in the first trimester of pregnancy are additional risk factors for subsequent complicated gestation, which increase the incidence of ICI, major obstetric syndromes, and neonatal diseases. Early treatment of ARVI in pregnant women with intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon) significantly reduces the disease duration and the need for antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. Early administration of intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b-based medicine (Grippferon) as empirical therapy for ARVI in the first pregnancy trimester allows to reduce the incidence of late uteroplacental blood flow disorders, fetal growth restriction, hypertensive complications of pregnancy, and neonatal diseases.
Key words: treatment, acute respiratory viral infections, pregnancy, interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon
COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gashimova N.R. , Grigoreva K.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bitsadze V.O. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Khizroeva J.Kh. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Tretyakova M.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Makatsariya N.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Degtyareva N.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kudryavtseva E.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shatilina A.Yu. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ay C. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gris J.-Ch. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Elalamy I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gerotziafas G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Makatsariya A.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

SARS-CoV-2 has specific direct and indirect effects on the vascular endothelium, immune system, and hemostasis, thereby promoting endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and NETosis contribute to the clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction is a common denominator of many clinical aspects of severe COVID-19. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of complications may significantly impact patient management and provide more effective personalized therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in COVID-19.
Key words: COVID-19, thromboinflammation, immunothrombosis, neutrophil extracellular traps, NETosis, endotheliopathy