bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between lung function and hypertension and home hypertension in a Japanese population: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Takase Masato , Yamada Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Kogure Mana , Hatanaka Rieko , Nakaya Kumi , Chiba Ippei , Kanno Ikumi , Nochioka Kotaro , Tsuchiya Naho , Hirata Takumi , Hamanaka Yohei , Sugawara Junichi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Fuse Nobuo , Uruno Akira , Kodama Eiichi N. , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tsuji Ichiro , Hozawa Atsushi
Published: February 2023

Background:

Although several studies have shown an inverse association between lung function and hypertension, few studies have examined the association between lung function and hypertension among never-smokers, and no study has investigated the association between lung function and home hypertension. We investigated the associations between lung function and hypertension in a Japanese population.

Individuals and methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3728 men and 8795 women aged 20 years or older living in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Lung function was assessed using forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), measured by spirometry. Hypertension was defined as a casual blood pressure at least 140/90 mmHg and/or self-reported treatment for hypertension. Home hypertension was defined as morning home blood pressure at least 135/85 mmHg and/or self-reported treatment for hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to assess the association between lung function and hypertension.

Results:

The mean ages (±SD) of men and women were 60.1 (±14.0) years and 56.2 (±13.4) years, respectively, and 1994 (53.5%) men and 2992 (34.0%) women had hypertension. In the multivariable models, FEV1 and FVC were inversely associated with hypertension. Inverse associations between lung function and hypertension were observed even among never-smokers. Furthermore, reduced lung function was associated with higher prevalence of home hypertension in men and women.

Conclusion:

Reduced lung function was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension, independent of smoking status. Assessment of the lung function or blood pressure may be required in individuals with reduced lung function or hypertension.
Implications of Entrustable Professional Activities for Motivation and Learning
Authors: Sasek Cody A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This study sought to explore the experience of entrustable professional activity-based assessment and its effect on self-determination, a well-supported measure of motivation. The goal was to understand EPA-based assessment's implications for student motivation, learning, and wellbeing.

Methods

A qualitative case study design was utilized through a standardized simulation activity with EPA-based assessment. An analysis of interviews and reflection journals was completed by the coding of emergent themes and significant statements with a subsequent thematic analysis framed in self-determination theory (SDT).

Results

Entrustment was found to be an affectively and interpersonally impactful metric that provided the learner with a clear understanding of clinical performance. Quality entrustment feedback supported participants' sense of competence and increased their confidence in their ability to be autonomous as well as a valuable part of the healthcare team.

Discussion

EPAs appeared to support learners' sense of competence and to provide a bridge to support autonomy and the ability to relate to others. To the extent that entrustment supported learners' sense of competence, other SDT propositions could be subsequently bolstered as well. Self-determination and intrinsic motivation were uniquely supported by EPA-based assessment, if implemented effectively. Further research is needed to better define effective implementation, faculty development, and feedback strategies.
The IOC Venue Ultrasound Program: A Pilot Study from Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Authors: Onishi Kentaro , Engebresten Lars , Budgett Richard , Soligard Torbjorn , Forster Bruce B.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this pilot investigation was to describe the novel use of venue ultrasound at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Portable laptop ultrasound machines were made available to cover seven Olympic sports at seven venues. The responses by both the National Olympic Committee personnel accompanying the medical room visits, and by the examining physicians were recorded. Athletes were followed up until the end of the Olympic Games and the ultrasound diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. Fourteen athletes were evaluated using venue ultrasound and the recorded injuries included seven soft tissue, five osseous, and two non-musculoskeletal injuries. From these, eight athletes were evaluated further by other imaging modalities, which indicated that the ultrasound provided an accurate diagnosis in all cases. All National Olympics Committee personnel reported increased diagnostic confidence and felt that venue ultrasound should be considered for future sports events. Further, all evaluating physicians felt ultrasound was helpful in refining the diagnosis. The average years of sports ultrasound experience was 8.4 years and the average years of clinical sports medicine experience was 9.3 years amongst the physicians. In conclusion, the International Olympic Committee Venue Ultrasound Pilot Program showed promise in improving venue triaging, suggesting its role at future sports events.
Development and validation of the Self-Management Assessment for the Residuum and prosThesis system designed for persons with limb loss (SMART)
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Gailey Robert S. , Fernandez-Fernandez Alicia , Litwin Bini A.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To develop a system of reliable and valid knowledge assessments of self-management in persons with lower limb loss, along with the accompanying targeted educational interventions (TEIs), known as the Self-Management Assessment for the Residuum and prosThesis (SMART) system.

Design:

This 2-phase study used mixed methodology. Phase 1 was development, face validation, and content validation of the 60-item knowledge assessment measure (SMART 60) and the TEI. Phase 2 assessed internal consistency reliability using Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 and the creation of the SMART system, consisting of modules developed from the SMART 60. Validity of the measures using known groups' comparison was analyzed by comparing clinicians (prosthetists and physical therapists) with persons with lower limb loss. Participants were recruited from the Amputee Coalition National Conference in 2018 and 2019.

Results:

A total of 140 participants completed this study. Four modules from the SMART 60 were created and designed to integrate as a system. Face validity survey average scores found that 9/10 participants either agreed or strongly agreed that the SMART system has high readability, perceived usefulness, and value for both new and experienced prosthetic users. Measure length ranged from 10 to 45 items with a reliability ranging from Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 = 0.70–0.82. The SMART system demonstrated known-groups validity (p< 0.05).

Conclusion:

The SMART system is an integrated series of self-management knowledge assessments with reasonable to good internal consistency reliability and known-groups validity. The TEIs provide directed solutions to identified knowledge gaps on the assessments.
Impact of sub-optimal HIV viral control on activated T cells
Authors: Arrigoni Francesca I.F. , Spyer Moira , Hunter Patricia , Alber Dagmar , Kityo Cissy , Hakim James , Matubu Allen , Olal Patrick , Paton Nicholas I. , Walker A. Sarah , Klein Nigel
Published: February 2023

Objective:

HIV viral load (VL) monitoring is generally conducted 6–12 monthly in low- and middle-income countries, risking relatively prolonged periods of poor viral control. We explored the effects of different levels of loss of viral control on immune reconstitution and activation.

Design:

Two hundred and eight participants starting protease inhibitor (PI)-based second-line therapy in the EARNEST trial (ISRCTN37737787) in Uganda and Zimbabwe were enrolled and CD38+/HLA-DR+ immunophenotyping performed (CD8-FITC/CD38-PE/CD3-PerCP/HLA-DR-APC; centrally gated) in real-time at 0, 12, 48, 96 and 144 weeks from randomization.

Methods:

VL was assayed retrospectively on samples collected every 12–16 weeks and classified as continuous suppression (<40 copies/ml throughout); suppression with transient blips; low-level rebound (two or more consecutive VL >40, <5000 copies/ml); high-level rebound/nonresponse (two or more consecutive VL >5000 copies/ml).

Results:

Immunophenotype reconstitution varied between that defined by numbers of cells and that defined by cell percentages. Furthermore, VL dynamics were associated with substantial differences in expression of CD4+ and CD8+ cell activation markers, with only individuals with high-level rebound/nonresponse (>5000 copies/ml) experiencing significantly greater activation and impaired reconstitution. There was little difference between participants who suppressed consistently and who exhibited transient blips or even low-level rebound by 144 weeks (P > 0.2 vs. suppressed consistently).

Conclusion:

Detectable viral load below the threshold at which WHO guidelines recommend that treatment can be maintained without switching (1000 copies/ml) appear to have at most, small effects on reconstitution and activation, for patients taking a PI-based second-line regimen.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamic HIV care engagement among people with HIV: real-world evidence
Authors: Yang Xueying , Zhang Jiajia , Chen Shujie , Weissman Sharon , Olatosi Bankole , Li Xiaoming
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Existing studies examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on engagement in HIV care often capture cross-sectional status, while lacking longitudinal evaluations. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on the longitudinal dynamic change of retention in care and viral suppression status.

Methods:

The electronic health record (EHR) data of this population-level cohort study were retrieved from the statewide electronic HIV/AIDS reporting system in South Carolina. The study population was people with HIV (PWH) who had at least one year's symmetric follow-up observation record before and after the pandemic. Multivariable generalized linear mixed regression models were employed to analyze the impact of the pandemic on these outcomes, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and preexisting comorbidities.

Results:

In the adjusted models, PWH had a lower likelihood of retention in care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.806, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.769, 0.844) and a higher probability of virological failure (aOR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.169, 1.316) during the peri-pandemic period than pre-pandemic period. Results from interaction effect analysis from each cohort revealed that the negative effect of the pandemic on retention in care was more severe among PWH with high comorbidity burden than those without any comorbidity; meanwhile, a more striking virological failure was observed among PWH who reside in urban areas than in rural areas.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on retention in care and viral suppression among PWH in South Carolina, particularly for individuals with comorbidities and residing in urban areas.
Sleep disturbances and their correlation with cardiovascular risk, obesity, and mood disorders in people with HIV
Authors: Mazzitelli Maria , Trunfio Mattia , Milinkovic Ana , Castelli Eleonora , Sasset Lolita , Leoni Davide , Salvucci Margherita , Cazzaro Riccardo , Calcinoni Ilaria , Balducci Pietro , Ribeiro Gustavo Coelho Quirino , Filagrana Giacomo , Scaglione Vincenzo , Cattelan Anna M.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The relationship between sleep disorders (SDs), cardiovascular risk (CVR), and mood disorders (MDs) has been studied in detail in the general population, but far less in people with HIV (PWH).

Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis in single centre cohort of PWH. Sleep quality was assessed using by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); anxiety and depression were evaluated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Demographic, clinical and HIV-related data were collected, and Framingham and Data collection on Adverse effects of anti-HIV Drugs (DAD)-10 scores were computed in modelling associations with each SDs scale.

Results:

Data were collected for 721 PWH on stable combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (median age of 53 years, 71.8% males, 96% with undetectable HIV RNA, 50.3% on cART potentially affecting sleep, and 20.4% on hypno-inducing drugs), 76.9% had SDs 60.3, 31.3, 31.1, and 7.9% at PSQI, BQ, ISI, and ESS, respectively. Anxiety and depression were detected in 28.3 and 16.1% participants, respectively. BQ score was independently associated with high BMI (P < 0.001), Framingham risk >10% (P < 0.001), and both DAD-10R and -10F score >10% (P < 0.001 and P = 0.031). PSQI and ISI scores were independently associated with depression and anxiety (P < 0.001). No association between SDs and specific antiretroviral regimens, nor HIV-related parameters was detected.

Conclusions:

In our cohort of PWH on stable ART, despite the alarmingly higher prevalence, SDs were associated with the same determinants (cardiovascular risk factors and MDs) observed in the general population.
Brief Report: Suboptimal Lopinavir Exposure in Infants on Rifampicin Treatment Receiving Double-dosed or Semisuperboosted Lopinavir/Ritonavir: Time for a Change
Authors: Jacobs Tom G. , Mumbiro Vivian , Chitsamatanga Moses , Namuziya Natasha , Passanduca Alfeu , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Tagarro Alfredo , Nathoo Kusum J. , Nduna Bwendo , Ballesteros Alvaro , Madrid Lola , Mujuru Hilda A. , Chabala Chishala , Buck W. Chris , Rojo Pablo , Burger David M. , Moraleda Cinta , Colbers Angela
Published: February 2023

Background:

Although super-boosted lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; ratio 4:4 instead of 4:1) is recommended for infants living with HIV and receiving concomitant rifampicin, in clinical practice, many different LPV/r dosing strategies are applied due to poor availability of pediatric separate ritonavir formulations needed to superboost. We evaluated LPV pharmacokinetics in infants with HIV receiving LPV/r dosed according to local guidelines in various sub-Saharan African countries with or without rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment.

Methods:

This was a 2-arm pharmacokinetic substudy nested within the EMPIRICAL trial (#NCT03915366). Infants aged 1–12 months recruited into the main study were administered LPV/r according to local guidelines and drug availability either with or without rifampicin-based TB treatment; during rifampicin cotreatment, they received double-dosed (ratio 8:2) or semisuperboosted LPV/r (adding a ritonavir 100 mg crushed tablet to the evening LPV/r dose). Six blood samples were taken over 12 hours after intake of LPV/r.

Results:

In total, 14/16 included infants had evaluable pharmacokinetic curves; 9/14 had rifampicin cotreatment (5 received double-dosed and 4 semisuperboosted LPV/r). The median (IQR) age was 6.4 months (5.4–9.8), weight 6.0 kg (5.2–6.8), and 10/14 were male. Of those receiving rifampicin, 6/9 infants (67%) had LPV Ctrough <1.0 mg/L compared with 1/5 (20%) in the control arm. LPV apparent oral clearance was 3.3-fold higher for infants receiving rifampicin.

Conclusion:

Double-dosed or semisuperboosted LPV/r for infants aged 1–12 months receiving rifampicin resulted in substantial proportions of subtherapeutic LPV levels. There is an urgent need for data on alternative antiretroviral regimens in infants with HIV/TB coinfection, including twice-daily dolutegravir.
Inguinal Sentinel Lymph Node in a Patient With Recurrent Breast Cancer
Authors: Álvarez-Moreno Marta , Álvarez-Santos Juan , Manzarbeitia-Arroba Begoña , Balsa-Bretón María Ángeles , Sandoval-Moreno Cristina
Published: February 2023

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the standard of care for axillary staging in early, clinically node-negative breast cancer. The lymphatic pathways could be altered after receiving axillary treatments such as radiation and/or axillary lymph node dissection. We report a case of inguinal and contralateral axilla SLNs in breast cancer recurrence.
Bilateral Lymphadenopathy After COVID Vaccine in 18F-Choline PET/MRI Performed for Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kibar Ali , Aghazada Fuad , Asa Sertac , Uslu Besli Rabia Lebriz , Sonmezoglu Kerim
Published: February 2023

We describe a case of a 56-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism. 18F-Choline PET/MRI revealed incidental bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy with mild-moderate increased 18F-choline uptake. The patient had her first and third doses of COVID-19 vaccines from the left arm and second dose of vaccine from the right arm before PET examination.
Application of Various Techniques to Gain Insights Into the Complex Urinary Tract Microbial Communities of Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sathiananthamoorthy Sanchutha , Florman Katia , Richard Damien , Cheng Ka Kei , Torri Vittoria , McCaig Fiona , Harber Mark , Rohn Jennifer L.
Published: February 2023

Background.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent in renal transplant (RTX) recipients and associated with worse outcomes. Early detection by sensitive diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment strategies in this cohort is therefore crucial, but evidence has shown that current methods may miss genuine infections. Research has shed light on the urinary tract microbial ecology of healthy individuals and nontransplant patients with UTI, but information on the RTx cohort is scant. We conducted a cross-sectional study to (i) compare the gold standard diagnostic culture with alternative techniques and (ii) characterize RTx patient urinary microbial communities.

Methods.

Midstream urine specimens were collected from 51 RTx patients attending a renal transplant clinic and 27 asymptomatic controls. Urinary microscopy, dipstick, and routine culture were performed. To improve sensitivity of microbial detection, we cultured the urinary cell sediment and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on urine. Uroplakin-positive urothelial cells shed in urine were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining for any bacterial association.

Results.

Sediment culture and 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed detection deficiencies of diagnostic culture and revealed differences in the urobiomes of RTx patients and controls. Specifically, Gardnerella, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus were most abundant in patients, whereas Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Gardnerella were most abundant in controls. The application of both culture and sequencing provided a more nuanced view of the urinary microbial communities.

Conclusions.

This study provides insight into the potential problems of diagnostic culture within RTx patients and sheds light on their urinary microbial inhabitants. Further work may identify key microbial signatures and facilitate the development of better tools for UTI detection within this cohort, which could allow targeted intervention before an infection leads to serious consequences.

http://links.lww.com/TXD/A479
Treatment of De Novo Renal Transplant Recipients With Calcineurin Inhibitor–free, Belatacept Plus Everolimus–based Immunosuppression
Authors: Peddi V. Ram , Marder Bradley , Gaite Luis , Oberholzer Jose , Goldberg Ryan , Pearson Thomas , Yang Harold , Allamassey Lisa , Polinsky Martin , Formica Richard N.
Published: February 2023

Background.

Compared with calcineurin inhibitor–based immunosuppression, belatacept (BELA)-based treatment has been associated with better renal function but higher acute rejection rates. This phase 2 study (NCT02137239) compared the antirejection efficacy of BELA plus everolimus (EVL) with tacrolimus (TAC) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), each following lymphocyte-depleting induction and rapid corticosteroid withdrawal.

Methods.

Patients who were de novo renal transplant recipients seropositive for Epstein-Barr virus were randomized to receive BELA+EVL or TAC+MMF maintenance therapy after rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction and up to 7 d of corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was the rate of biopsy-proven acute rejection at month 6.

Results.

Because of an unanticipated BELA supply constraint, enrollment was prematurely terminated at 68 patients, of whom 58 were randomized and transplanted (intention-to-treat [ITT] population: n = 26, BELA+EVL; n = 32, TAC+MMF). However, 25 patients received BELA+EVL‚ and 33 received TAC+MMF (modified ITT population). In the ITT population, the 6-mo biopsy-proven acute rejection rates were 7.7% versus 9.4% in the BELA+EVL versus TAC+MMF group. The corresponding 24-mo biopsy-proven acute rejection rates were 19.2% versus 12.5% in the ITT population and 16.0% versus 15.2% in the mITT population; all events were Banff severity grade ≤IIA and similar between groups. One patient in each group experienced graft loss unrelated to acute rejection. The 24-mo mean unadjusted estimated glomerular filtration rates were 71.8 versus 68.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the BELA+EVL versus TAC+MMF groups. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder was reported for 1 patient in each group. No deaths or unexpected adverse events were observed.

Conclusions.

A steroid-free maintenance regimen of BELA+EVL may be associated with biopsy-proven acute rejection rates comparable to TAC+MMF.
A coevolution experiment between Flavobacterium johnsoniae and Burkholderia thailandensis reveals parallel mutations that reduce antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Chodkowski John L. , Shade Ashley
Published: February 2023

One interference mechanism of bacterial competition is the production of antibiotics. Bacteria exposed to antibiotics can resist antibiotic inhibition through intrinsic or acquired mechanisms. Here, we performed a coevolution experiment to understand the long-term consequences of antibiotic production and antibiotic susceptibility for two environmental bacterial strains. We grew five independent lines of the antibiotic-producing environmental strain,

Burkholderia thailandensis

E264, and the antibiotic-inhibited environmental strain,

Flavobacterium johnsoniae

UW101, together and separately on agar plates for 7.5 months (1.5 month incubations), transferring each line five times to new agar plates. We observed that the

F. johnsoniae

ancestor could tolerate the

B. thailandensis

-produced antibiotic through efflux mechanisms, but that the coevolved lines had reduced susceptibility. We then sequenced genomes from the coevolved and monoculture

F. johnsoniae

lines, and uncovered mutational ramifications for the long-term antibiotic exposure. The coevolved genomes from

F. johnsoniae

revealed four potential mutational signatures of reduced antibiotic susceptibility that were not observed in the evolved monoculture lines. Two mutations were found in tolC: one corresponding to a 33 bp deletion and the other corresponding to a nonsynonymous mutation. A third mutation was observed as a 1 bp insertion coding for a RagB/SusD nutrient uptake protein. The last mutation was a G83R nonsynonymous mutation in acetyl-coA carboxylayse carboxyltransferase subunit alpha (AccA). Deleting the 33 bp from tolC in the

F. johnsoniae

ancestor reduced antibiotic susceptibility, but not to the degree observed in coevolved lines. Furthermore, the accA mutation matched a previously described mutation conferring resistance to

B. thailandensis

-produced thailandamide. Analysis of

B. thailandensis

transposon mutants for thailandamide production revealed that thailandamide was bioactive against F. johnsoniae, but also suggested that additional

B. thailandensis

-produced antibiotics were involved in the inhibition of

F. johnsoniae

. This study reveals how multi-generational interspecies interactions, mediated through chemical exchange, can result in novel interaction-specific mutations, some of which may contribute to reductions in antibiotic susceptibility.
In VitroValidation of Computationally Predicted Oncogenic Driver Mutations in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Domain
Authors: Warrier Vidya P , Paruchuri Anoosha , Ramasamy Sakthivel , Gromiha Michael M , Karunagaran Devarajan
Published: February 2023

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling is known to play essential roles in growth and development; nevertheless, overexpression and mutation of EGFR have been reported in several cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most observed type of lung cancer, harbors the highest number of EGFR tyrosine kinase mutations and therefore, EGFR has become an important therapeutic target for treatment of these tumors. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) are found to be effective in patients whose tumors contain activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase region of the receptor. This would seem to be beneficial in the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients but the activating mutations should be sensitive to TKIs. Earlier, a machine learning approach was developed to classify single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) in EGFR into driver (cancer-causing) and passenger (neutral) mutations using structural and functional features (Anooshaet al., 2015). This study screened all possible point mutations in EGFR and predicted a list of mutations with high probability of being a driver or a passenger. From this list, we selected 2 mutations (G729E and G719F) with high evolutionary conservation score forin vitrovalidation. If proven to be oncogenic drivers and sensitive to EGFR TKIs, these mutations can aid in the early diagnosis and successful therapy of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.
Metagenomic analysis of Pigs’ faecal microbiome and its functional response associated with dietary fibre
Authors: Barman Keshab , Choudhury Manasee , Banik Santanu , Pegu Seema Rani , Kumar Sunil , Deb Rajib , Rahman JaizIsfaqure , Rajkhowa Swaraj , Jat Shankar Lal , Rakshit Sujay , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Das Pranab Jyoti
Published: February 2023

Pig husbandry is the most valued and economically sustainable husbandry in the livestock farming system. The performance and productivity of the pig are chiefly dependent on the nutritional factor steered by gut beneficial bacteria. The swine gut microbiome has a direct relationship with feed efficiency. As a consequence, identifying microbial taxonomy and functional capacity is critical for proper nutrient digestion. In the present investigation, eighteen grower pigs aged 3 months and weighing 30±0.55 kg were allocated into three different groups using a randomized block layout and supplemented with QPM maize fodder of 0, 5, and 10% to the basal diet by substituting (wt/wt on DM) the maize grains, and named as T0, T1, and T2to probe the increase in gut beneficial bacteria found in the faecal contents. For comparison with T0, T1, and T2, a random faecal sample designated R was collected from six grower pigs of the same age group and bodyweight fed a maize-soya bean-based diet. The experiment is being carried out to investigate the effect of various maize fodder levels on the metagenomic profiles of pig gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene. All of the experimental diets were iso-nitrogenous, with protein content ranging from 18.37 to 18.63 per cent. The data generated by 16S rRNA amplicon analysis was 68, 56, 61, and 39 Mb in R, T0, T1, and T2 samples, respectively. From taxonomic distribution, bacterial phyla namelyFirmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, andSpirochetesare found in descending order of relative abundance in the R, T0, and T1 groups, respectively, whileSpirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Bacteroidetes, andFirmicutesare found in descending order of relative abundance in the T2 group. The relative profusion ofFibrobacter succinogenesis 0.89% and 16.84% in the T1 and T2 groups. According to the findings, a higher level of maize fodder in the diet of grower pigs promotes the growth of fibre-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiota, particularlyFibrobacter succinogenes. Moreover, feeding green maize has decreased the population of methanobacteria in the gut of pigs, which in turn has limited the production of methane.
Lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 overlap zones drive stabilization of interzonal microtubules
Authors: Fermino do Rosário Carline , Zhang Ying , Stadnicki Jennifer , Ross Jennifer L. , Wadsworth Patricia
Published: February 2023

During anaphase, antiparallel overlapping midzone microtubules elongate and form bundles, contributing to chromosome segregation and the location of contractile ring formation. Midzone microtubules are dynamic in early but not late anaphase; however, the kinetics and mechanisms of stabilization are incompletely understood. Using photoactivation of cells expressing PA-EGF-α-tubulin we find that immediately after anaphase onset, a single highly dynamic population of midzone microtubules is present; as anaphase progresses, both dynamic and stable populations of midzone microtubules coexist. By midcytokinesis, only static, non-dynamic microtubules are detected. The velocity of microtubule sliding also decreases as anaphase progresses, becoming undetectable by late anaphase. Following depletion of PRC1, midzone microtubules remain highly dynamic in anaphase and fail to form static arrays in telophase despite furrowing. Cells depleted of Kif4a contain elongated zones of PRC1 and fail to form static arrays in telophase. Cells blocked in cytokinesis form short PRC1 overlap zones that do not coalesce laterally; these cells also fail to form static arrays in telophase. Together, our results demonstrate that dynamic turnover and sliding of midzone microtubules is gradually reduced during anaphase and that the final transition to a static array in telophase requires both lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 containing overlap zones.
Outcome ofDrosophilamicrobiota manipulation depends on dietary preservative formula and batch variation in dietary yeast
Authors: Sannino David R. , Dobson Adam J.
Published: February 2023

Gut microbiota are fundamentally important for healthy function in their animal hosts. The flyDrosophila melanogasteris a powerful system for understanding the underlying host/microbe interactions, with modulation of the microbiota inducing phenotypic changes that are conserved across animal taxa. The context-dependence of these responses has not been explored systematically, which may confound repeatability. Here we show that the microbiota’s impact on fly triacylglyceride (TAG) levels - a commonly-measured metabolic index - depends on factors in fly media that are rarely considered or controlled, and are not standardized among laboratories: media preservative formula, yeast batch, and the interactive effect of their combinatorial variation. In studies of conventional, axenic and gnotobiotic flies, we found that microbial impacts were apparent only on specific yeast-by-preservative conditions, with TAG levels determined by a tripartite interaction of the three experimental factors. When comparing axenic and conventional flies, we found that preservatives rather than microbiota status was the main driver of variance in host TAG, and certain yeast-preservative combinations reversed microbiota effects on TAG levels. Further, comparisons between TAG levels of axenic flies and those associated withAcetobacter pomorumorLevilactobacillus brevisdetermined that preservatives, microbiota status, and their interaction were the major drivers of TAG variation. Our results suggest that the microbiota shapes the host TAG response in a manner dependent on the combination of the dietary factors of preservative formulation and yeast batch, with implications for repeatability, interpretation, and optimal experimental standards.

Importance

Drosophila melanogasteris a premier model for microbiome science, which has greatly enhanced our understanding of the basic biology of host-microbe biology. However, often overlooked factors such as dietary composition, including yeast batch variability and preservative formulation used, may cofound data interpretation of experiments within the same lab and lead to different findings when comparing between labs. Our study supports this concept; we find that host TAG levels are not solely dependent on the presence or absence of microbiota members, but rather the combinatorial effects of microbiota members, yeast batch, and preservative formulation used, with preservatives being the largest driver. It serves as a cautionary tale that underappreciated components of fly rearing can mask or drive phenotypes that are believed to be impacted by microbiota members.
Structural prediction of chimeric immunogens to elicit targeted antibodies against betacoronaviruses
Authors: Simpson Jamel , Kasson Peter M
Published: February 2023

Betacoronaviruses pose an ongoing pandemic threat. Antigenic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown that much of the spontaneous antibody response is narrowly focused rather than broadly neutralizing against even SARS-CoV-2 variants, let alone future threats. One way to overcome this is by focusing the antibody response against better-conserved regions of the viral spike protein. Here, we present a design approach to predict stable chimeras between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, creating synthetic spike proteins that display a desired conserved region and vary other regions. We leverage AlphaFold to predict chimeric structures and create a new metric for scoring chimera stability based on AlphaFold outputs. We evaluated 114 candidate spike chimeras using this approach. Top chimeras were further evaluated using molecular dynamics simulation as an intermediate validation technique, showing good stability compared to low-scoring controls. Experimental testing of five predicted-stable and two predicted-unstable chimeras confirmed 5/7 predictions, with one intermediate result. This demonstrates the feasibility of the underlying approach, which can be used to design custom immunogens to focus the immune response against a desired viral glycoprotein epitope.
Designing a Generic Videography Experiment for Studying Mosquito Behavior
Authors: Muijres Florian T. , Dickerson Andrew K. , Pieters Remco
Published: February 2023

In this protocol, we describe the basic design considerations and general method to set up a videography system to study mosquito behavior. A basic videography system to study mosquito behavior requires one or more cameras with an optical lens, camera lighting, a calibration setup, and a system to record the video data or otherwise control the camera. Here, we define two types of systems: (1) a real-time videography-based tracking system for determining the position of multiple moving (flying) mosquitoes, and (2) a high-fidelity videography system that can track the detailed movements of body, wings, and legs of a single mosquito at high spatial and temporal resolutions. These high-fidelity trackers are divided into single-camera systems for studying two-dimensional (2D) movements, and multicamera systems that can reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) movements of the mosquito.
Open innovation, enterprise value and the mediating effect of ESG
Authors: Luan XiangYu , Wang XiaoHong
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of open innovation (OI) in Chinese enterprises on enterprise value (EV). At the same time, this research explores the effects of OI in environmental, social and governance (ESG) and also reveals the intermediary role of ESG in the impact of OI on improving EV.

Design/methodology/approach

This study builds a theoretical framework to define a set of hypotheses verified in empirical research. Based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies removing missing data from 2011 to 2020, a two-way fixed effect model is used to study the relationship between OI, ESG and EV.

Findings

The research shows that OI of enterprises has effectively improved their value. At the same time, OI can also improve the ESG of enterprises. That OI increases EV is partly by the mediating path of ESG.

Originality/value

This study determines the influence of OI on EV from a stakeholder and sustainable development perspective, clarifying the mediating pathway of ESG in the relationship. Doing so could inspire companies to improve their OI and desire to enhance competitiveness. It will also prompt enterprises to pay attention to social responsibility activities.
A cognitive BPM theory for knowledge-intensive processes
Authors: de Almeida Rodrigues Gonçalves João Carlos , Baião Fernanda Araujo , Santoro Flavia Maria , Guizzardi Giancarlo
Published: February 2023

Purpose

A literature review was conducted in order to establish a detailed definition of a knowledge-intensive process (KiP). Moreover, relevant theories from humanities – especially the fields of linguistics and philosophy – were thoroughly researched and adapted for establishing descriptive and analytical foundations for the phenomena involved. Finally, a cognitive business process management (BPM) theory was proposed in order to assess how sufficient are its respective explanatory and predictive powers. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned objective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a novel theory for KiPs that describe the process flow based on the participants' interactions and their beliefs, desires and intentions as the main drivers of the process enactment and execution.

Findings

The proposal puts forth a comprehensive definition of a KiP, depicting knowledge intensity, participant interaction and decision-making. The inner dynamics of each of these two elements (as well as other associated elements) are described as an information systems (IS) theory that enables the study of KiPs in detail, going beyond the typical techniques of the BPM field and common obstacles.

Originality/value

A theory proposal for KiP that applies concepts from speech act theory and intentional states as the main drivers for understanding the process dynamics are, to the best of the authors' knowledge, not present at the literature. Being an original proposal, the real-world scenario discussed brings up the explanatory and predictive powers of the theory as well as its innovative value for research in the field.
iScotland: building a unified model of activism in multi-platform communication environments from traditional PR theory
Authors: Diers-Lawson Audra
Published: February 2023

Purpose

In recent years, there has been a growth in research aimed at understanding the foundations of modern activist communication in media-rich and multi-platform environments. For example, Chon and Park's analysis of the American Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement built on Kim and Grunig's STOPS model. Yet, social and political injustice can exist for extended periods of time without successful movements emerging, so what leads people to demand social and political change through activism? This paper posits that crisis is trigger that motivates people to activism and evaluates that within the context of the Scottish independence movement.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on in-depth interviews with 26 advocates for Scottish independence, which yielded more than 32 h of data. Data were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's (1990) constant comparative method approach using open coding, axial coding and selective coding finding thematic saturation after only 10 interviews.

Findings

The study provides a clear extension of Chon and Park's model of activism by finding that crises are critical triggers for activism. Moreover, these findings also provide insights into not only the Scottish independence movement but more broadly the extension of traditional public relations and communication theory in multi-platform and multi-actor environments.

Originality/value

There are several contributions this piece makes. First, this paper extends activist, crisis and strategic communication research to more systematically consider the role that crisis plays in social and political advocacy. Second, this paper affords the opportunity to consider the challenges of communication, democracy and activism in the social media age. Finally, this paper supports an international view that discrimination and affective injustice experiences cut across many different kinds of identities and experiences instead of the traditionally considered ethnic, religious and gender-based experiences traditionally addressed.
An improved local error estimate in adaptive finite element analysis based on element energy projection technique
Authors: Sun Haohan , Yuan Si
Published: February 2023

Purpose

An improved adaptive finite element analysis based on local error estimate is proposed via the element energy projection (EEP) technique. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned idea.

Design/methodology/approach

The computational region for a posteriori error estimation based on EEP method is further confined to a critical set of local elements generated in the previous adaptive step, enhancing efficiency while maintaining accuracy. The adaptive procedure incorporated with hierarchical mesh refinement is then developed.

Findings

The effectiveness of the improved error estimation of the overall adaptive analysis is confirmed by several benchmark examples. The results show that the shrinkage of the local computational region has little negative influence on the accuracy of a posteriori error estimation, thus yielding an improved adaptive procedure with simplified logic and reduced cost.

Originality/value

By localizing the computational region for error estimation, two crucial but cumbersome tricks, i.e. treatments of virtual elements and hanging nodes, are removed, giving the proposed approach full clarity and flexibility. The improved adaptive procedure characterizes simpler and faster computational algorithm and can produce results with required accuracy measured in maximum norm.
Strategic human resource development in times of business and economic uncertainty: the case of Greek banks
Authors: Mitsakis Fotios
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to operationalise a modified strategic human resource development (SHRD) framework to examine managerial perceptions of the strategic embeddedness of human resource development (HRD) in organisations in times of business and economic uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on qualitative research data, following a case-study research design and semi-structured interviews with 44 participants to enable an in-depth investigation of managerial perspectives.

Findings

Research findings outline complexities in both understanding and operationalising SHRD in times of crisis which flow from managerial differing viewpoints.

Research limitations/implications

Research findings and conclusions are subject to “respondent bias” as events occurred several years ago, thus participants may not fully recall how SHRD has changed over time. Focussing on a unique industrial sector, as well as to a specific national context, limits the generalisation of the findings in comparative contexts.

Practical implications

Owing to the ongoing business and economic uncertainty, this study could serve as a powerful tool at the hands of HRD professionals to effectively assess the nature of their HRD interventions in their organisations.

Originality/value

Having a modified SHRD framework assessed in volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous contexts, the reality of SHRD in organisations is examined. In addition, focussing on a single sector overcomes the “one-size fits all” proposition of prominent SHRD models. Finally, the paper expands SHRD literature by examining managerial perspectives on SHRD into understudied national and industrial contexts.
Implementing and sustaining lean, buyer-supplier role, and COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the garment industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Imranul , Maalouf Malek Miguel , Tanha Moutushi , Islam Md Shamimul , Alam Mohammad Zahedul , Sarker Moniruzzaman
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the challenges in implementing and sustaining lean in garment supplier factories and the buyer–supplier role in mitigating lean barriers in a typical situation and pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a qualitative research approach and multiple embedded case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with senior managers of one lead buyer and their four key garment supplier factories in Bangladesh. Within and cross-case analysis, techniques were applied to understand the context-oriented lean challenges and buyer–supplier role in mitigating the challenges.

Findings

The study findings demonstrate that garment suppliers are less prepared and unsystematic in lean implementation having limited capabilities and less preparation. Moreover, they have limited support from buyers, less commitment from top management and employee resistance to implementing lean. Lean challenges become more intense because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, buyer–supplier responsible, cooperative and collaborative behaviour can mitigate lean challenges.

Research limitations/implications

Whereas many stakeholders may be responsible for lean challenges, this study explores dyadic role between buyer and supplier only based on a single lead buyer and their four suppliers. Hence future studies could consider more buyers and suppliers for a holistic understanding.

Practical implications

This study could help buyers and suppliers understand the underlying causes of lean implementation challenges in garment supplier factories and their role in sustaining lean reducing the challenges, particularly in a pandemic.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, this study depicts how buyer and supplier can play their due roles to mitigate lean challenges in garment supplier factories in a pandemic situation.
The evolution of sustainability in engineering education research: a longitudinal analysis through bibliometrics and the CDIO initiative
Authors: Alarcon-Pereira Grecia , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Tapia-Ubeda Francisco J. , Rojas-Aguilar Karol , Rojas-Córdova Carolina
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Considering the relevance of education for sustainable development (SD) to enhancing engineers’ abilities to contribute towards sustainability-related issues, this study aims to help understand the global context of the insertion of SD into engineering education and to provide guidelines to further evolve research and efforts towards implementing Engineering Education for Sustainable Development (EESD).

Design/methodology/approach

This study performed a longitudinal analysis using bibliometrics and a content analysis via Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate standards. SciMAT software was used to support the bibliometric analysis.

Findings

In addition to an increase in the practical aspects presented due to a change in the approaches taken to examine key topics, evidence on important concepts such as “life cycle assessment” and “digitalisation” increased in more recent years. However, it was possible to show that, despite the evolution observed throughout the years, several important opportunities exist for engineering programmes to improve and, for researchers, to fill the related gaps in the research.

Originality/value

This study can be used as a guide for future research and as a source of insights for EESD implementation and improvement.