bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Setting the stage for a clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13C-fumarate
Authors: Wodtke Pascal , Birchall Jonathan R , McLean Mary A , Wylot Marta , Grimmer Ashley , Latimer Elizabeth , Arponen Otso , Zamora Maria , Pappa Evita , Graggaber Johann , Cheriyan Joseph , Wilkinson Ian B , Brindle Kevin M , Gallagher Ferdia A
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13C-fumarate has the potential to enable early, non-invasive assessment of treatment response in cancer. Goal(s): To advance a novel hyperpolarized probe from the laboratory to the clinic. Approach: Translation involved optimizing clinical scale hyperpolarization, establishing an imaging protocol at clinical field strength (3T), preclinical toxicology and first in-human injections. Results: 13C-fumarate showed good hyperpolarization properties and the imaging protocol achieved sufficient spectral separation of peaks and spatial separation of phantoms respectively. Toxicological assessment demonstrated the safety of 13C-fumarate, no adverse events observed in rodents and humans have so far been observed. Impact: While promising preclinical molecules exist, clinical hyperpolarized 13C MRI lacks probe versatility due to a complex, unclear translation process. This study on fumarate narrows the gap between preclinical and clinical utility and fosters transparent clinical translation pipelines for the field.
Early Prediction of Treatment Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Using multiparametric MRI
Authors: Chen Siyi , Tang Wenjie , Guo Yuan , Zhong Zhidan , Xu Yongzhou , Han Lu , Wei Xinhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Imaging pre- and post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) fails to adequately capture and quantify temporal heterogeneity and biological changes of tumors. Goal(s): To assess if longitudinal changes in multiparametric MRI can predict early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HER2-positive breast cancer and to establish quantitative models based on these features. Approach: Two predictive models were developed, one based on clinicopathologic features and another that combined clinicopathologic and MRI features. Results: The combined model performs optimally in all datasets. Changes observed in multiparametric MRI can predict early treatment responses in HER2-positive BC and assist in tailoring personalized treatment plans. Impact: The prediction model was simple and feasible, which was helpful for individualized treatment planning.
Facilitating access to neuroimaging and computational resources in low-resource settings through a centralised biomedical imaging platform
Authors: Bourke Niall , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Deoni Sean , Velasco Pablo , Dean Doug , Ljungberg Emil , Ringshaw Jessica , Vokhiwa Maclean , Seal Marc , Beare Richard , Nankabirwa Victoria , Padormo Francesco , Tsougarakis Costas , Akgun Can , Bennallick Carly , Váša František , Bradford Layla , Miles Marlie , Zieff Michal , Mazubane Thandeka , Nabi Zayaan Goolam , Williams Simone , Mensah Yaw , Oppong Samuel , Baljer Levente , Bruchhage Muriel , Lepore Natasha , Team Khula South Africa Data Collection , Alexander Daniel , Jones Derek , Donald Kirsten , Williams Steven
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI remains inaccessible in many parts of the world, as are the computational resources to perform neuroimaging analysis. We hope to develop resources for a growing neuroimaging community in low-resource settings. Goal(s): To develop scalable neuroimaging tools, building capacity across low-resource settings and supporting a community for neuroimaging research. Approach: Partnership with Hyperfine, Flywheel and numerous collaborators in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia to collect and process MRI scans of children in the early years of life. Results: Containerised workflows optimised for ultra-low field paediatric imaging were developed. Derived volume estimates were generated from geographically dispersed regions for further global health questions. Impact: Multiple low-resource sites in a global consortium have generated derived volume estimates through standardised workflows of ultra-low field MR images. This enables answering of locally relevant clinical questions on factors affecting neurodevelopment, such as maternal anaemia, HIV exposure, malnutrition etc.
Pattern Search Pulse Sequence Optimization for Cardiac MR Fingerprinting
Authors: Liu Zhongnan , Richardson Jacob , Seiberlich Nicole , Hamilton Jesse
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current cardiac MRF sequences have been designed empirically, and thus do not exploit the full flexibility in sequence design of the MRF framework. Goal(s): The goal of this project is to develop a sequence optimization method for cardiac MRF, which can be applied to shorten the breathhold and diastolic window. Approach: An optimization method was implemented that simulates MRI signal generation, spiral undersampling, and pattern recognition during each iteration, using a pattern search algorithm to update multiple parameters. Results: In simulations, phantoms, and healthy subjects, the shortened optimized scan yielded similar myocardial T1 and T2 values as a previously described cardiac MRF technique. Impact: This study proposes a sequence optimization method for cardiac MRF with many potential applications, including designing shortened scans to reduce breathhold requirements and limit motion artifacts.
Adiabatic spin-lock preparations for myocardial T2ρ mapping at 3T.
Authors: Coletti Chiara , Tourais Joao , van de Steeg-Henzen Christal , Weingärtner Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: T2ρ may provide complementary information between T1ρ and T2, but high sensitivity to field inhomogeneities has prevented its application in cardiac MRI. Goal(s): We evaluated adiabatic T2ρ preparations for human myocardium mapping at 3T. Approach: To obtain T2ρ preparations, adiabatic half-passage pulses were added before and after pairs of hyperbolic secant pulses. T2ρ mapping was tested and compared with adiabatic T1ρ and T2 maps in phantoms and 5 healthy subjects. Results: T2ρ maps yielded similar values to T2, with improved repeatability and resilience to B0 and B1+ field inhomogeneities in phantom, and better precision and reproducibility in vivo, complementing T1ρ. Impact: Adiabatic T2ρ preparations enable robust in vivo myocardial T2ρ mapping at 3T, potentially enabling the use of an alternative rotating-frame relaxation contrast mechanism for cardiac tissue characterization at high field strengths.
Are we validating enough our MRI markers? Cell-specific challenges to dissect the neurobiology of microstructural MRI
Authors: Cerdá Antonio Cerdán , Garcia-Hernandez Raquel , Cercignani Mara , Canals Santiago , De Santis Silvia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Validation of MRI-extracted biomarkers is seldom performed, and when available, Is normally underpowered and based on correlation. Goal(s): Here we present an innovative framework for validating microstructural MRI biomarkers by eliciting cell-specific responses. Approach: The framework is based on injection of neurotoxins in rats, followed by MRI exploration and histology. Results: We successfully isolated conditions associated to neurodegenerative, demyelinating and inflammatory pathologies and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of MRI- derived biomarkers. Impact: This framework impulse a much-needed change in paradigm for MRI validation by challenging the biological content of MRI derived biomarkers, refine and test new models for microstructural imaging and bridge the gap between advances in MRI physics and clinical applications.
3D Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Fingerprinting for Quantitative CSF Transport Mapping in Mouse Brain at 9.4T
Authors: Zhu Yuran , Wang Guanhua , Gu Yuning , Zhao Walter , Lu Jiahao , MacAskill Christina , Dupuis Andrew , Griswold Mark , Ma Dan , Flask Chris , Yu Xin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative MR provides the opportunity of quantifying concentration of contrast agent and its transport in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the whole brain. Goal(s): To develop a fast multi-parametric mapping method tailored to dynamically and quantitatively assessing Gd-DTPA transport in mouse brain. Approach: We designed and validated a new 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) sequence with subspace-based reconstruction to simultaneously track T1 and T2 changes in mouse brain following intrathecal contrast infusion with a temporal resolution of <4.5 min at 9.4T. Results: Dynamic T1 and T2 changes allowed direct quantification of transport kinetics in different brain regions between multiple subjects without normalization. Impact: We present the first 3D MR fingerprinting method for dynamic quantification of contrast agent transport in rodent brains. With unprecedented speed, accuracy, and robustness, our method offers unlimited opportunities for multi-parametric quantification in various preclinical imaging applications.
Metabolic and imaging phenotypes associated with RB1 loss in castrate resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Ahmad Fahim , White Margaret , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Crooks Daniel , Agarwal Supreet , Yang Ye , Capaldo Brian , Raj Sonam , Alilin Aian , Ton Anita , Adler Stephen , Seidel Jurgen , Olkowski Colleen , Cherukuri Murali , Choyke Peter , Kelly Kathleen , Brender Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The progression of prostate cancer is marked by both RB1 and T53 inactivation and higher 18FDG-PET uptake, but it's unclear whether RB1 or TP53 inactivation drives increased glucose import. Goal(s): Can metabolic changes be used as a biomarker for RB1 and TP53 loss?Approach: Metabolomic analysis by NMR and IC-MS for a comprehensive measure of metabolic changes ex vivo and and hyperpolarized MRI to measure the Warburg effect in vivo. Results: 18FDG uptake was unaffected by loss of either RB1 or TP53. RB1 and TP53 did induce a series of other metabolic changes which could be detected in vivo by hyperpolarized MRIImpact: Neuroendrocrine prostate cancer is a life-threatening progression of prostate cancer that is characterized by mutations in two key genes. Hyperpolarized MRI may enhance early diagnosis of NEPC without biopsy.
Multiparametric Renal MRI Reveals Ethnic Disparities in Multiple Kidney Function Markers in Asian Preadolescents
Authors: Michael Navin , Lu Liangjian , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin , Chan Chang-Yien , Thirumugan Kashthuri , Kway Yeshe , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Fortier Marielle , Kuhn Bernd , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Toh Jia Ying , Tan Kok Hian , Yap Fabian , Chong Yap Seng , Godfrey Keith , Gluckman Peter , Eriksson Johan , Lee Yung Seng , Moritz Karen , Chan Shiao-Yng , Wlodek Mary , Velan S. Sendhil
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Within Singapore's multiethnic population, Indians and Malays have a higher burden of chronic kidney disease than Chinese. While this has been attributed to higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, it is not clear if Indians and Malays already have preexisting subclinical renal alterations. Goal(s): Assess ethnic differences in kidney function markers in healthy Asian preadolescents using multiparametric MRI and physiological assessments. Approach: Identify adverse renal function using multiparametric MRI (volumetry, diffusion, perfusion, oxygenation) and physiological assessments (urine albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure)Results: Indian and Malay preadolescents showed multiple renal alterations which predate the development of diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia. Impact: Detailed renal phenotyping of Asian preadolescents using multiparametric renal MRI and physiological assessments identified ethnic disparities in multiple renal function markers, which predate the development of diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia, and may help explain the predisposition for chronic kidney disease.
Abnormal white matter development during early childhood in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Liu Yuqi , Rolls Edmund , Dai Yuan , Geng Shujie , Deng Lin , Chen Zilin , Zhang Yue , Tao Minyi , Zhang Lingli , Ren Tai , Feng Jianfeng , Cao Miao , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The axon morphology underlying the evolution of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms during early childhood is still enigmatic. Goal(s): To uncover the developmental patterns of axon density in early childhood of ASD , and further explore their relationships with clinical measures in ASD. Approach: We used a multi-shell diffusion MRI dataset of 1- to 7-year-old children (including 156 ASD , 48 developmental delay/intellectual disability and 160 Typical Development). Results: ASD reserved three white matter clusters during early childhood as TD, but exhibited abnormal curves with various developmental stages. The development-stage-specific associations between axon density and clinical measures were elucidated in ASD. Impact: Whilst reserving uneven spatial layouts of white matter development during early childhood as TD, ASD exhibited developmental curves with altered growth rates and distinct clinical associations in different developmental stages, elucidating potential targets for early diagnoses and interventions in ASD.
Multi-Omics Integration of MRI Habitat, Pathology, and Clinical Parameters for Predicting Platinum Resistance of HGSOC
Authors: Bi Qiu , Qiang Jinwei , Song Yang , Wu Yunzhu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Platinum resistance of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is related to tumor heterogeneity. Multi-omics integration can complement tumor heterogeneity at multiple scales and enhance the predictive power of single models. Goal(s): We aimed to explore a range of diverse multi-omics models to predict platinum resistance of HGSOC. Approach: Multi-omics models were developed and validated using MRI-based habitat radiomics, pathomics based on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs), and clinical parameters. Results: Among the array of single and composite models, the Clinic_Habitat model exhibited the most promising predictive performance, with the Clinic_Habitat_Pathology model ranking as the second-best performer. Impact: This study carries the potential to equip clinicians with treatment strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of individualized therapy.
Quintuple-tuned Surface Coil Elements
Authors: Özen Ali , Bock Michael
Published: November 2024

Motivation: X-nuclear MRI is used to monitor metabolic processes but requires RF coils that are individually tuned to each resonance frequency. Goal(s): To introduce a modular, flexible transmission line resonator array element for 5 resonance frequencies to enable multiple X-nuclear applications with a single coil. Approach: A quintuple-tuned shielded loop resonator (SLR5) was designed consisting of three stacked shielded loop resonators with one element for 13C and 23Na, another for 31P, and a third for 19F and 1H. Switching between nuclei was realized by PIN diodes. Results: SLR5 can be used to acquire X-nuclear signals of 5 nuclei. Impact: The SLR5 concept might facilitate the implementation of X-nuclear MRI methods for metabolic imaging in early diagnosis and monitoring of disease. SLR5 coils can be arranged favorably in coil arrays due to the inherently low coupling of SLR coils.
3D Segmentation of Subcortical Brain Structure with Few Labeled Data using 2D Diffusion Models
Authors: Cho Jihoon , Bae Hyungjoon , Liu Xiaofeng , Xing Fangxu , Lee Kyungeun , El Fakhri Georges , Wedeen Van , Park Jinah , Woo Jonghye
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Deep learning-based segmentation methods have shown promising results; however, they require a large number of segmentation labels for training, which is very costly to obtain, especially for 3D labels. Goal(s): Our goal is to achieve promising 3D segmentation results with few labels by exploiting the ability to capture semantic information from 2D diffusion models trained without labels. Approach: We train simple pixel classifiers using features extracted from 2D diffusion models that have been trained with slices from three orthogonal orientations. Results: In our experiments on the Human Connectome Project database, our proposed method outperformed conventional segmentation methods in a few labeled scenarios. Impact: Our proposed method for segmenting subcortical brain structures can be readily applied to pre-trained diffusion models with only a few labeled data, while also generating paired segmentation labels for the images produced by diffusion models.
Evaluation of the Interaction between RF Coils and Multiple TMS Coils at 9.4T
Authors: Yang Gang , Wang Weimin , Liu Jinhao , Sun Youheng , Wang Miaotian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Recently, The research methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)/fMRI in ultra-high fields are receiving increasing attention. Goal(s): However, as the magnetic field strength increases, the interference problem between the TMS coil and the radio frequency（RF） coil will also become increasingly apparent. Approach: We designed two types of TMS coils and 9.4T human RF coil using the target field method, and evaluated the impact between the TMS coil and the RF coil using electromagnetic simulation based on the human head model. Results: We have established a method for evaluating the interaction between RF coils and TMS coils in ultra-high fields. Impact: Our work explores the combined use of TMS/fMRI in ultra-high fields, providing a non-invasive and precise approach for the microscopic study of brain nerve activity under TMS, and also providing a basis for the regulation of brain nerves.
Identification of viable myocardium within infarct scar by high-resolution manganese-enhanced MRI
Authors: El Hamrani Dounia , Pallares-Lupon Nestor , Vaillant Fanny , Rotondi Alexis , Constantin Marion , Loyer Virginie , Bloquet Stéphane , Bernus Olivier , Walton Richard , Quesson Bruno
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) appears to be an interesting alternative to late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) since manganese ions can enter cardiomyocytes through calcium channels, thus allowing intracellular characterization of living cells. Goal(s): This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of 3D-MEMRI for the characterizing MI scars heterogeneity compared to the clinical gold standard LGE. Approach: Manganese has a long retention time in cardiomyocytes, allowing a longer acquisition time exploited to improve the spatial resolution of 3D MR images (~1 mm3 isotropic). Results: This study confirms the potential of 3D-MEMRI as a more specific method than the clinical gold standard LGE for characterizing MI scars heterogeneity. Impact: The ability of high-resolution 3D manganese-enhanced MRI (3D-MEMRI) to produce a finer characterization of the heterogeneity of the scar constitutes an important step forward in the management of myocardial infarction in the context of cardiac arrhythmias
A Unified Approach for Synthesizing Multimodal Brain MR Images via Gated Hybrid Fusion
Authors: Cho Jihoon , Liu Xiaofeng , Xing Fangxu , Ouyang Jinsong , El Fakhri Georges , Park Jinah , Woo Jonghye
Published: November 2024

Motivation: It is possible that some MR images may not be acquired during a scanning session. Therefore, it is necessary to generate missing modalities for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Goal(s): Our goal is to synthesize missing modalities from the acquired images while minimizing any loss of information. Approach: We propose a unified framework that employs a gated hybrid fusion approach to synthesize multimodal brain MR images from the acquired images. Results: In our experiments, carried out on the BraTS 2018 database containing four MR modalities, we observed improved synthesis quality in all metrics, when synthesizing missing modalities from one or three provided modalities. Impact: Our unified framework for synthesizing missing modalities is versatile enough to handle all scenarios, irrespective of the modalities provided. It can be applied in clinical decision-making and computer-aided diagnosis, where all modalities are essential for processing.
DSC-2500msASL Mismatch may distinguishes between transient ischemic attack and stroke in intracranial stenosis
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Xiaoling , Lei Xiaoyan , Ai Kai
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cerebral perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) can be used to characterize differences in hemodynamic characteristics between transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke populations, but little is known about the differences between DSC and ASL. Goal(s): this study to investigate the differential hemodynamic characteristics of the corresponding regions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in patients with ischemic stroke and TIA, and to establish a prediction model for ischemic stroke. Approach: Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL)Results: The results indicate that Hyperhomocysteinemia and DSC-2500msASL mismatch can be used to identify patients with TIA and stroke. Impact: We found that differences in blood perfusion in stroke and TIA patients, especially DSC-2500msASL mismatch may be a biological marker of stroke, which provides a scientific basis for screening high-risk TIA patients and early clinical intervention.
Right-left asymmetry in the cervical spinal cord using T1 mapping at 7T
Authors: Medina Nilser Laines , Le Troter Arnaud , Mchinda Samira , Cohen-Adad Julien , Callot Virginie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Right-left differences in MR metrics can help identify pathological or specific regions of abnormalities. However, this requires investigating them first on a healthy populationGoal(s): To Investigate whether right-left spinal cord (SC) asymmetry can be identified in vivo and, if yes, determine in which specific regionsApproach: Right-left SC asymmetry was investigated based on cross-sectional area measurements and T1mapping derived from high-resolution 7T MRI and atlas-based segmentation with the AMU7T quantitative templateResults: Right-left T1 asymmetry in the cervical cord was evidenced in one-third of the AMU7T parcels, mostly in motor tracts, but not in lateral corticospinal tractsImpact: High-resolution quantitative 7T MR imaging and dedicated template may help identify microstructural asymmetry in the spinal cord. Such findings may have to be considered in the future when investigating pathological cohorts
Flexible and computationally efficient framework for diffusion MRI simulations in realistic neuron morphologies
Authors: de Riedmatten Inès , Nguyen-Duc Jasmine , Aird-Rossiter Charlie , Palombo Marco , Gardier Rémy , Lopez Jonathan Patino , Jelescu Ileana
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Analytical diffusion models are limited in the complexity of brain tissue they capture, and creating complex numerical phantoms using meshes can be arduous. Goal(s): This work introduces an efficient and user-friendly software for generating realistic neurons using overlapping spheres. Approach: Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we evaluate the impact of sphere overlap, soma-dendrites water exchange, and SNR on dMRI signals. Results: The findings indicate that modest sphere overlap maintains signal quality. Additionally, the soma-dendrites water exchange has a significant impact on the signal, even at realistic SNR. This work has promising implications for non-invasively quantifying gray matter microstructure, especially neuronal packing and cell membrane permeability. Impact: Numerical phantoms of gray matter built with overlapping spheres offer an efficient and flexible way of studying water diffusion. This approach reduces the heavy meshing and cleaning process to trivial building blocks that can be adapted into realistic neuronal substrates.
Ultra-high resolution b-tensor encoding using gSlider on a clinical scanner
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liao Congyu , Gagoski Borjan , Grissom William , Zaitsev Maxim , Nielsen Jon-Fredrik , Bilgic Berkin , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Ning Lipeng , Rathi Yogesh
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Spherical tensor encoding (STE) reveals microstructural information about tissues, which is hidden in conventional diffusion MRI techniques. However, existing STE acquisition techniques have low spatial resolution which masks intricate anatomical details. Goal(s): To increase the spatial resolution of STE using the SNR-efficient gSlider sequence. Approach: Isotropic b-tensor encoding diffusion-gradient waveforms were synergistically combined with the gSlider sequence using Pulseq vendor-neutral sequence development platform to obtain high resolution data. Results: We demonstrate in-vivo results with the highest spatial resolution to-date of 1 mm isotropic voxels using the proposed STE-gSlider sequence. Impact: High spatial resolution for b-tensor encoding will enable investigation of microstructural information in intricate detail in the brain in health and disease. Further, the proposed open-source sequence can be used on any vendor platform.
Flexible Echo Time Selection for In-Phase-like Body QSM Acquisitions
Authors: Böhm Christof , Meineke Jakob , Weiss Kilian , Makowski Marcus , Karampinos Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Gradient echo imaging using in-phase echoes has been proposed to simplify the fieldmap estimation in water–fat regions. The use of so-called effective multi-peak in-phase echo times allow for the bias-free QSM estimation in body regions in the presence of complex fat-models. Conventionally, the in-phase paradigm rigidly constrains the selection of echo times, often balancing acquisition speed, resolution, and SNR against one another. Goal(s): . Approach: . Results: This study demonstrates the feasibility of a nearly unrestricted selection of the first echo time, without introducing significant quantification bias. This advance allows for a more flexible and efficient imaging process. Impact: This work introduces a simple, flexible and bias-free body QSM acquisition strategy based on so-called pseudo in-phase echos that allows for considerably faster acquisitions while simultaneously increasing the SNR efficiancy
Multi-delay Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Guan Haonan , Xie Sheng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) poses a risk to cerebral blood flow and can lead to ischemic strokes. Understanding its impact on blood flow and identifying predictive factors are crucial. Goal(s): This study aims to assess differences in CBF and other parameters between VBD patients and controls. We also investigate the influence of extracranial blood flow and predict PCI risk factors. Approach: 32 VBD patients and 32 controls underwent Multi-delay-ASL and Doppler ultrasound. We analyzed CBF, aCBV, ATT, and blood flow velocities. Results: VBD patients exhibited lower CBF and aCBV in both circulations and longer ATT. Bilateral occipital and cerebellar ATTs predicted PCI. Impact: This study enhances our understanding of VBD's impact on cerebral blood flow and identifies predictors of posterior circulation ischemia. It underscores the importance of maintaining extracranial blood flow, aiding in early detection and prevention of ischemic strokes in VBD patients.
Piloting individualised probabilistic tractography to measure motor system integrity and rehabilitation potential in cerebral palsy
Authors: Gavine Bronwyn , Mavrommati Foteini , Weightmann Matthew , Buckingham Rachel , Kilbride Cherry , Smith Martin , Theologis Tim , Green Dido , Jenkinson Ned , Ryan Jennifer , Nagy Liana , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Dawes Helen , Fleming Melanie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A biomarker of motor system function is needed to assist with treatment selection for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Goal(s): We aimed to pilot an automated tractography tool in a clinical trial cohort of adolescents with CP, and determine if corticospinal tract (CST) integrity could be used as a biomarker for baseline function and treatment response. Approach: A customised probabilistic tractography pipeline was used to quantify CST integrity. Hand function was assessed at baseline and after a motor training intervention. Results: We demonstrated feasibility, and found that CST integrity was positively correlated with baseline hand function, and negatively correlated with improvement after training. Impact: Automated individualised native-space tractography is feasible in a clinical population of adolescents with cerebral palsy. Tractography-derived corticospinal tract integrity predicts baseline hand function impairment and may be useful as a predictive biomarker for rehabilitation response.
Validation of Semi-quantitative Brain Dysmaturation Score in Congenital Heart Disease: Correlated with Executive Function and Ciliary Motion
Authors: Lee Vincent , Reynolds William , Wallace Julia , Beluk Nancy , Subramanian Subramanian , Badaly Daryaneh , Ceschin Rafael , Lo Cecilia , Panigrahy Ashok
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Develop and validate point-of-care MRI-based evaluation method for scoring brain dysplasia/abnormality (BDS) in congenital heart disease (CHD) that incorporates morphological alterations and subcortical structures. Goal(s): Further develop our BDS system, previously validated in infants with CHD, in the older pediatric and young adult CHD population. Approach: Evaluate brain dysplasia from T1 and T2 structural MRI of CHD and control participants and compare differences. Correlate BDS with executive function outcomes and genetic ciliary motion (CM) abnormalities. Results: CHD group had higher total and subcortical dysplasia, especially single ventricle CHD group. Higher BDS (greater dysplasia) correlated with poorer executive function outcomes and greater CM abnormality. Impact: Our BDS method is sensitive to dysmaturational features in CHD and correlated with executive function outcomes and CM - genetic-basis of CHD pathogenesis. Since it employs common point-of-care MRI techniques, it could be adapted for wider application in CHD brain evaluation.
Altered Gyrification in Fetal Growth Restriction with Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Yehuda Bossmat , Rabinowich Aviad , Link-Sourani Daphna , avisdris Netanell , Ben-Zvi Ori , Spector-Fadida Bella , Joskowicz Leo , Ben-Sira Liat , Miller Elka , Ben Bashat Dafna
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is highly associated with adverse outcomes. While reduced brain volume is associated with FGR, knowledge regarding cortical developmental is scarce. Goal(s): We aimed to quantitatively assess differences in brain volumes and cortical folding patterns between FGR and appropriate-for gestational-age (AGA) fetuses, and between FGR with normal and abnormal pulsatile-index (PI) measured by Doppler-US in the middle-cerebral-artery (MCA). Approach: Gyrification and brain volume were computed using an automatic method based on T2-weighted MRI. Results: Significant reduction of brain volume and gyrification were detected in FGR compared with AGA, and in gyrification in fetuses with abnormal MCA-PI. Impact: Reduced gyrification in FGR fetuses can offer insights into the pathomechanism linking abnormal MCA-PI, cortical development, and postnatal outcomes. This may enable marker for assessing the severity of restriction and facilitate pregnancy management by determining the optimal time for delivery.
Spatial habitats features derived from IVIM for the HER2 status prediction of breast cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Liu Haifa , Zhai Yingmin , Liu Hui , Wang Mengzhu , Song Yang , Zhang Chengxiu , Yang Guang , Grimm Robert
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Besides immunohistochemistry, a non-invasive method based on tumor habitats is worth exploring. It predicted the expression of HER2 factor in malignant breast cancer. Goal(s): We determined whether a prediction model, which was based on tumors habitats, could be used to predict the expression of HER2 factor. Approach: A predictive model based on tumors habitats was developed and used to diagnose HER2 status. The IVIM-based imaging technique could extract features. Results: The model of tumor habitats predicted the expression of HER2 factor in breast cancer by using the following parameters: AUC of 0.902, sensitivity of 0.709, and specificity of 0.909. Impact: In this experiment, a predictive model based on features of habitats could determine the expression of HER2 factor in patients with malignant breast cancer. Thus, this non-invasive approach is a better treatment option in clinical practice.
Measuring Perfusion in Peripheral Artery Disease Using an Advanced IVIM Method
Authors: Elsaid Nahla , Galiana Gigi , Thorn Stephanie , Vermillion Billy , Burns Rachel , Jung Sun-Joo , Zohoro Fatema , Sinusas Albert , Tagare Hemant
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with diabetes, significant comorbidities and mortality-related to coexisting microvascular-disease (MVD) and injury. Goal(s): To better understand and phenotype PAD, we developed a novel method for intravascular incoherent motion (IVIM) that is clinically feasible and can calculate accurate IVIM-parameter maps reflective of perfusion and tissue viability. Approach: Our method uses mixture prior for estimating IVIM-parameters. This prior draws statistical power from all voxels to improve the estimate of every voxel's IVIM-parameters. Results: The proposed method calculates IVIM-parameter maps with plausible range of estimated f and D*. It improves the ability to distinguish between baseline and post-intervention perfusion changes. Impact: To better characterize and phenotype PAD, we developed a novel method based on mixture-prior for intravascular incoherent motion (IVIM). It shows improved ability to distinguish between baseline and post-intervention images, and could facilitate the early-diagnosis of PAD and coexisting MVD.
Evaluation of the glymphatic system in patients with bipolar disorder using the DTI-ALPS method
Authors: Chen Hongkai , Kikuta Junko , Kamagata Koji , Taoka Toshiaki , Uchida Wataru , Takabayashi Kaito , Guo Sen , Wada Akihiko , Nagai Koji , Kato Tadafumi , Aoki Shigeki
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Our previous study revealed abnormalities in aquaporin 4, which works at the cerebrospinal–interstitial fluid exchange in the postmortem brains of patients with bipolar disorder (BP). However, glymphatic system (GS) alterations in BP are still unclear. Goal(s): This study aims to assess GS function in BP patients. Approach: We used diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI–ALPS) method in BP subjects and healthy controls (HCs). Results: The ALPS index of BP subjects was significantly lower than that of HCs. We also found associations between the ALPS index and BP risk. Thus, per our findings, BP patients could have GS dysfunction. Impact: This study suggests the potential for GS dysfunction in BP patients. Our findings could support the fact that BP patients are more likely to experience dementia since they have an Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology that causes amyloid β accumulation.
Reducing pulsation artifacts in 3D time-of-flight angiography at 7T using locally-scrambled ordering of the acquisition
Authors: Schmidt Rita , Seginer Amir , Niry Dana , Furman-Haran Edna
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Non-contrast-enhanced time-of-flight (TOF) at 7T greatly improves the delineation of small vessels but is impaired by pulsation artifacts. Goal(s): Our goal was to reduce pulsation artifacts in 3D TOF to better delineate vessels. Approach: We recently developed “local-scrambling” which generates semi-random acquisition ordering to reduce artifacts from semi-periodic local signal fluctuations. This local-scrambling was tested in 3D TOF to reduce pulsatile blood flow artifacts in human scanning at 7T. Results: Artifacts from pulsatile blood flow were significantly reduced using the new local-scrambling (of the 2D phase encodes), both for line-by-line and center-out acquisitions. The method can be of special interest for high-resolution angiography. Impact: Increased resolution of non-contrast-enhanced time-of-flight (TOF) can provide more accurate vessels delineation. A new local-scrambling acquisition scheme can significantly improve 3D angiography by reducing interference noise and pulsation artifacts without requiring any changes to the reconstruction scheme.
3D Balanced Steady-State Free Precession (bSSFP) Imaging at 0.05 T
Authors: Ding Ye , Zhao Yujiao , Su Shi , Xiao Linfang , Yue Zhenhua , Hu Jiahao , Zhang Junhao , Lau Vick , Man Christopher , Leong Alex , Wu Ed
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI technology holds significant promise for advancing medical imaging by offering low-cost and portable solutions for point-of-care applications. These advancements have the potential to improve access to medical imaging in resource-limited settings, thereby benefiting underserved populations and enhancing diagnostic capabilities to ultimately improve patient care. Goal(s): The implementation of a highly efficient protocol for ULF MRI. Approach: A 3D bSSFP protocol was implemented and optimized. Results: The study successfully implemented bSSFP protocol at 0.05 T and demonstrated its utility for imaging the brain, cervical spine, and knee. Impact: In this study, a bSSFP protocol was successfully implemented at 0.05 T by demonstrating its utility for imaging the brain, cervical spine, and knee. These findings enable the potential of high-quality ULF MRI.
Three-Dimensional xSPEN Imaging on a Single-Sided MRI Scanner
Authors: Gomes Muller , Jin Riwei , Sadinksi Meredith , Nacev Aleksander , Grissom William
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Imaging with a single sided MRI allows for a smaller scanner footprint, making it possible to bring the scanner into the doctor's office. Goal(s): An xSPEN pulse sequence capable of producing three dimensional images is presented here, allowing for rapid image collection in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Approach: An additional phase encode array is incorporated into the xSPEN pulse sequence, allowing for the excited slab to be resolved along the z axis. Results: A two dimensional multislice technique was converted into a three dimensional volumetric imaging by adding a phase encode array to the spatiotemporal axis. Impact: A method for rapidly collecting three dimensional images in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is presented here. This technique will help bring MRI into the doctor's office by allowing for higher quality images to be collected in less time.
Portable ultra-low-field brain MRI: test-retest reliability and correspondence to high-field MRI
Authors: Váša František , Bennalick Carly , Bourke Niall , Padormo Francesco , Cawley Paul , Arichi Tomoki , Wood Tobias , Lythgoe David , Dell'Acqua Flavio , Baljer Levente , Deoni Sean , Venkataraman Ashwin , Moran Rosalyn , Leech Robert , Williams Steven
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ultra-low-field MRI scanners offer a cost-effective and portable alternative to high-field neuroimaging. Goal(s): To quantify between-scanner test-retest reliability of 64mT brain scans, and their correspondence to 3T MRI. Approach: We scanned 23 healthy participants on two Hyperfine 64mT scanners and a GE 3T scanner using T1w and T2w scans at multiple resolutions. We segmented images into 98 structures and estimated their volumes. Results: We demonstrate excellent reliability of volumetric estimates from ultra-low-field MRI, and high correspondence to high-field scans. The highest reliability and high-field correspondence was obtained using T2w ultra-low-field scans, super-resolved by combining three orthogonal acquisitions with low through-plane resolution. Impact: Measures of brain volume from Hyperfine portable ultra-low-field MRI scans show excellent test-retest reliability across scanners, and excellent correspondence to similar estimates from high-field MRI. This enables quantitative analysis of cost-effective and portable neuroimaging in various contexts, including low-resource environments.
Numerical Study of Superconducting, Low Temperature and Room Temperature RF Coils at Ultra-Low Field 70mT/3MHz MRI
Authors: Bhosale Aditya , Payne Komlan , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Due to its convenience and affordability, ultra-low field MR imaging is growing in popularity. However, poor SNR requires a solution. Goal(s): This research aims to determine if superconducting coils or low temperature coils are still beneficial in terms of SNR in ultra-low-field MR. Approach: Our method compares RF coils made from different conductivities. This comparison will help us determine superconductor importance in coil performance. Results: The findings highlight the significance of superconductor materials and how they can be used to improve imaging performance at lower field strengths. Impact: This study investigates signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in superconducting, low temperature and room temperature RF coils for affordable ultra-low-field MR imaging and determines if superconducting or low temperature coils are still beneficial in SNR at 0.07T. It shows how superconductor materials improve imaging performance, especially at lower field strengths.
Spectral fat saturation and accuracy of proton-resonance frequency shift MR thermometry
Authors: Josset Anne , Ishak Ounay , Vappou Jonathan , Breton Élodie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Monitoring thermal ablations with PRFS thermometry ensures therapy safety and efficiency. Spectral fat saturation cannot be 100% efficient: the remaining fat signal may affect PRFS temperature measurements. Goal(s): This work experimentally evaluates the residual signal after spectral fat saturation, and the error it causes in PRFS thermometry. Approach: The IDEAL algorithm is used to quantify fat signal after spectral fat saturation. The error in PRFS thermometry with spectral fat saturation is evaluated in fat-water phantoms. Results: The residual fat signal after spectral fat saturation leads to errors in PRFS thermometry, that increase with the fat content, and oscillate with TE and absolute temperature. Impact: This work demonstrates experimentally that PRFS temperature errors can be significant during hyperthermia despite fat suppression methods. Careful selection of the TE according to spectral fat saturation strategy can mitigate such errors and improve the accuracy of PRFS thermometry.
Recurrent reconstruction network enables real-time and high-resolution PRF thermometry for LITT
Authors: Jiang Yuancheng , Pan Ziyi , Zhang Kai , Han Meng , Liu Wenbo , Wang Guangzhi , Guo Hua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Proton-resonance-frequency (PRF) shift-based thermometry is used to monitor the temperature change during Laser-interstitial-thermal-therapy (LITT). Recent LITT developments call for PRF thermometry to achieve larger volume coverage and higher spatiotemporal resolution for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Goal(s): Accelerate the PRF thermometry by compressed-sensing (CS) undersampling to enlarge the volume coverage and increase the spatiotemporal resolution. Use a neural network for real-time reconstruction of the undersampled data. Approach: A recurrent reconstruction network (RRN) was proposed to reconstruct the highly undersampled PRF data. Retrospective and prospective undersampling experiments were conducted. Results: RRN demonstrated good image reconstruction quality in retrospective experiments, with promising results in prospective experiments. Impact: The introduction of the RRN offers a solution for real-time and high-resolution PRF thermometry during LITT, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
MR-Guided Percutaneous Interventions: Needle Insertion with a Compact Assistance System and T2-weighted Imaging in 2 Orthogonal Slices
Authors: Hickey Samantha , Reiss Simon , Verloh Niklas , Milosavljevic Srdjan , Vogele Michael , Ptacek Wolfgang , Uller Wibke , Bock Michael
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MR-guided percutaneous interventions at closed-bore high-field systems profit from remote device manipulation with real-time needle tracking. Goal(s): To integrate a sequence capable of acquiring two T2-weighted orthogonal slices simultaneously (Ortho-SSFP-Echo) into the device-assisted needle intervention workflow during needle insertion. Approach: The assistance system (GantryMate) was coupled with a real-time POCC sequence to target a lesion. Once the lesion was identified, its position information was used in a real-time Ortho-SSFP-Echo acquisition to dynamically monitor the needle insertion. Results: The Ortho-SSFP-Echo sequence enables simultaneous needle visualization in two planes, offering higher CNR than GRE and comparable to bSSFP, without banding artifacts. Impact: Combining an Ortho-SSFP-Echo sequence with a compact needle assistance system provides a streamlined interventional workflow with decreased complexity and improved image contrast for MR-guided percutaneous interventions at high field.
A radiation-transparent, rotatable receive-only extremity RF coil for flexible MR-guided particle therapy at 0.25 T
Authors: Dietrich Kilian , Orzada Stephan , Fiedler Thomas , Dinkel Fabian , Echner Gernot , Klüter Sebastian , Debus Jürgen , Ladd Mark , Platt Tanja
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MR-guided particle therapy (MRgPT) could improve tumor control and reduce healthy tissue dose, thereby increasing quality of therapy compared to conventional CT-guided radiotherapy. Goal(s): Development of a rotatable, radiation-transparent extremity radiofrequency (RF) coil suitable for MRgPT at a 0.25T C-shaped magnet. Approach: The receive field homogeneity of the RF coil was evaluated for different rotation angles in electromagnetic field simulations, and the SNR was investigated in a homogeneous phantom in comparison to two commercial coils. Results: The constructed extremity RF coil including a custom-built preamplifier achieves improved receive field homogeneity and SNR compared to two commercial RF coils and is compatible with MRgPT. Impact: The rotatable, radiation-transparent RF coil enables MRgPT with through-coil irradiation and multi-angle access to the patient. The developed RF coil and preamplifier design provides better RF field homogeneity and SNR over a larger FOV compared to two commercial RF coils.
Towards quantitative characterization of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Erattakulangara Subin , Alam Wahidul , Daele Douglas , Liu Junjie , Lingala Sajan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The motivation for this research study is to better understand and characterize upper-airway collapse during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study aims to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of airway collapse. Goal(s): The main goal is to quantitatively assess upper-airway collapse dynamics in both OSA and normal individuals, developing imaging phenotypes. Approach: The research methodology involves data collection using MRI, manual analysis for quantitative imaging phenotypes, and presenting qualitative and quantitative findings. Results: The study effectively visualizes airway collapse patterns in normal and OSA patients, develops quantitative imaging phenotypes, and distinguishes various collapse patterns. Impact: The study's results provide researchers with new, quantitative insights into upper-airway collapse in sleep apnea. This may enable more precise diagnosis and treatment, stimulate further research into non-CPAP therapies, and improve the quality of care for patients with sleep apnea.