bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between melatonin levels, melatonin system, microbiota composition and bipolar disorder psychopathology across the different phases of the disease
Authors: Manchia Mirko , Squassina Alessio , Pisanu Claudia , Congiu Donatella , Garzilli Mario , Guiso Beatrice , Suprani Federico , Paribello Pasquale , Pulcinelli Vittoria , Iaselli Maria Novella , Pinna Federica , Valtorta Flavia , Carpiniello Bernardo , Comai Stefano
Published: December 2019

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania/hypomania alternating with intervals of well-being. The neurobiological underpinnings of BD are still veiled although there is evidence pointing to a malfunction of the circadian clock system that is regulated by the neuromodulator melatonin (MLT). Small sample size studies in BD patients have shown that changes in the levels of MLT are associated with shifts in illness status. Moreover, mood stabilizers (including lithium and valproic acid) influence the MLT system. Of interest, MLT also modulates intestinal microbiota, and recent work suggests an important role of microbiota alterations in neuropsychiatric disorders, including BD. This study is designed to explore whether the possible patterns of associations between changes in the levels of MLT and its precursors and BD mood phases are modulated by variants within the genes encoding for the elements of the MLT system and/or by the microbiota composition.

Methods

We will conduct a 2-year follow-up study in 50 BD patients during the three different mood phases of the disease. For each phase, we will perform a blood withdrawal for the analysis of MLT levels and of variants of the genes related to the MLT pathway between 8 and 10 a.m. after an overnight fasting, a stool specimen collection for the analysis of microbiota composition, and a detailed psychometric assessment for depression, mania, impulsivity and cognitive abilities. We will also recruit 50 healthy age-matched controls in whom we will perform a blood withdrawal between 8 and 10 a.m. after an overnight fasting, a stool specimen collection, and a psychometric assessment to exclude the presence of psychiatric disorders.

Discussion

In this cross sectional (case–control vs. BD comparisons) and longitudinal (24 months) study, we expect to clarify the link between the MLT system, microbiota and BD psychopathology. We expect to identify some typical BD symptomatic clusters that will be more strictly associated with variations in the MLT system. In a personalized medicine perspective, this subgroup of BD patients may benefit from a pharmacological therapy targeting the MLT system.

Trial registration This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Agency of Cagliari (PG/2019/6277)
Early versus delayed mobilization for in-hospital mortality and health-related quality of life among critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Okada Yohei , Unoki Takeshi , Matsuishi Yujiro , Egawa Yuko , Hayashida Kei , Inoue Shigeaki
Published: December 2019

Background

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials aimed to investigate the efficacy of early mobilization among critically ill adult patients.

Methods

We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Igaku-Chuo-Zasshi (a Japanese bibliographic database) databases until April 2019 and included randomized control trials to compare early mobilization started within 1 week of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and earlier-than-usual care with the usual care or mobilization initiated later than the intervention. Two authors independently extracted the data of the included studies and assessed their quality. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of ICU/hospital stay, and health-related quality of life (QOL).

Results

Among 1085 titles/abstracts screened, 11 studies (including 1322 patients) were included in the meta-analysis, which was conducted using the random-effects model. The pooled relative risk for in-hospital mortality comparing early mobilization to usual care (control) was 1.12 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.80 to 1.58, I2 = 0%). The pooled mean differences for duration of ICU and hospital stay were -1.54 (95% CI: -3.33 to 0.25, I2 = 90%) and -2.86 (95% CI: -5.51 to -0.21, I2 = 85%), respectively. The pooled mean differences at 6 months post-discharge, as measured by the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey and Euro-QOL EQ-5D, were 4.65 (95% CI: -16.13 to 25.43, I2 = 86%) for physical functioning and 0.29 (95% CI: -11.19 to 11.78, I2 = 66%) for the visual analog scale.

Conclusions

Our study indicated no apparent differences between early mobilization and usual care in terms of in-hospital mortality and health-related QOL. Detailed larger studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of early mobilization on in-hospital mortality and health-related QOL in critically ill patients.

Trial registration

PROSPERO (identifier CRD42019139265)
Multidisciplinary treatment of left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after hepatobiliary resection for gallbladder cancer: a case report
Authors: Yamamoto Ryusei , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: December 2019

Background

When a postoperative hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm develops after massive hepatectomy, both an intervention for the pseudoaneurysm and patency of hepatic artery should be considered because occlusion of the residual hepatic artery results in critical liver failure. However, the treatment strategy for a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery after hepatobiliary resection is not well established.

Case presentation

A 65-year-old woman underwent right hepatectomy, extrahepatic duct resection, and portal vein resection, for gallbladder cancer. Although the patient had an uneventful postoperative course, computed tomography on postoperative day 6 showed a 6-mm pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery. Angiography revealed the pseudoaneurysm located on the bifurcation of the left hepatic artery to the segment 2 artery plus the segment 3 artery and 4 artery. Stent placement in the left hepatic artery was not feasible because the artery was too narrow, and coiling of the pseudoaneurysm was associated with a risk of occluding the left hepatic artery and inducing critical liver failure. Therefore, portal vein arterialization constructed by anastomosing the ileocecal artery and vein was performed prior to embolization of the pseudoaneurysm to maintain the oxygen level of the remnant liver, even if the left hepatic artery was accidentally occluded. The pseudoaneurysm was selectively embolized without occlusion of the left hepatic artery, and the postoperative laboratory data were within normal limits. Although uncontrollable ascites due to portal hypertension occurred, embolization of the ileocolic shunt rapidly resolved it. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 45.

Conclusion

Portal vein arterialization prior to embolization of the aneurysm may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for a pseudoaneurysm that develops after hepatectomy for hepatobiliary malignancy to guarantee arterial inflow to the remnant liver. Early embolization of arterioportal shunting after confirmation of arterial inflow to the liver should be performed to prevent morbidity induced by portal hypertension.
Liver-Metabolizing Genes and Their Relationship to the Performance of Elite Spanish Male Endurance Athletes; a Prospective Transversal Study
Authors: Varillas Delgado David , Tellería Orriols Juan José , Martín Saborido Carlos
Published: December 2019

Background

The genetic profile that is needed to define an endurance athlete has been studied during recent years. The main objective of this work is to approach for the first time the study of genetic variants in liver-metabolizing genes and their role in endurance performance by comparing the allelic and genotypic frequencies in elite endurance athletes to the non-athlete population.

Methods

Genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined in 123 elite endurance athletes (75 professional road cyclists and 48 endurance elite runners) and 122 male non-athlete subjects (sedentary). Genotyping of cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 (CYP2D6 rs3892097), glutathione-S transferase mu isoform 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP rs1695) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT) genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The combination of the polymorphisms for the “optimal” polygenic profile has been quantified using the genotype score (GS).

Results

Statistical differences were found in the genetic distributions between elite endurance athletes and non-athletes in CYP2D6 (p < 0.001) and GSTT (p = 0.014) genes. The binary logistic regression model showed a favourable OR (odds ratio) of being an elite endurance runner against a professional road cyclist (OR: 2.403, 95% CI: 1.213–4.760 (p = 0.002)) in the polymorphisms studied.

Conclusions

Genotypic distribution of liver-metabolizing genes in elite endurance athletes is different to non-athlete subjects, with a favourable gene profile in elite endurance athletes in terms of detoxification capacity.
Automatic quantification of superficial foveal avascular zone in optical coherence tomography angiography implemented with deep learning
Authors: Guo Menglin , Zhao Mei , Cheong Allen M. Y. , Dai Houjiao , Lam Andrew K. C. , Zhou Yongjin
Published: December 2019

An accurate segmentation and quantification of the superficial foveal avascular zone (sFAZ) is important to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. We proposed a method based on deep learning for the automatic segmentation and quantification of the sFAZ in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images with robustness to brightness and contrast (B/C) variations. A dataset of 405 OCTA images from 45 participants was acquired with Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 and the ground truth (GT) was manually segmented subsequently. A deep learning network with an encoder–decoder architecture was created to classify each pixel into an sFAZ or non-sFAZ class. Subsequently, we applied largest-connected-region extraction and hole-filling to fine-tune the automatic segmentation results. A maximum mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.976 ± 0.011 was obtained when the automatic segmentation results were compared against the GT. The correlation coefficient between the area calculated from the automatic segmentation results and that calculated from the GT was 0.997. In all nine parameter groups with various brightness/contrast, all the DSCs of the proposed method were higher than 0.96. The proposed method achieved better performance in the sFAZ segmentation and quantification compared to two previously reported methods. In conclusion, we proposed and successfully verified an automatic sFAZ segmentation and quantification method based on deep learning with robustness to B/C variations. For clinical applications, this is an important progress in creating an automated segmentation and quantification applicable to clinical analysis.
Randomized, Phase II Study Prospectively Evaluating Treatment of Metastatic Esophageal, Gastric, or Gastroesophageal Cancer by Gene Expression of ERCC1: SWOG S1201
Authors: Iqbal Syma , McDonough Shannon , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Ilson David , Burtness Barbara , Nangia Chaitali S. , Barzi Afsaneh , Schneider Charles J. , Liu Jane Jijun , Dotan Efrat , Guthrie Katherine A. , Hochster Howard S.
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE

Platinum-based therapy is the standard of care in patients who have HER2-negative, advanced esophagogastric cancer (AEGC). Retrospective data suggest that intratumoral ERCC1 levels may determine platinum sensitivity. A randomized, phase II study was performed in patients with AEGC to explore whether the efficacy of a platinum-based therapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) versus a non–platinum-containing regimen of irinotecan and docetaxel (IT) differed according to ERCC1 levels.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Overall, 202 untreated patients with HER2-negative AEGC and a Zubrod performance status of 0-1 were evaluated prospectively for mRNA expression of ERCC1 level and then randomly assigned to FOLFOX or IT, stratified by the intratumoral statuses of ERCC1 low (< 1.7) or high (≥ 1.7). Objectives were to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in all patients treated with FOLFOX compared with IT, stratified by low and high ERCC1 levels, and to assess for interactive effects between ERCC1 expression and treatment arm.

RESULTS

Eighty-six percent of patients had ERCC1 values < 1.7. Thus, evaluation of the ERCC1-high subgroup was limited. Grade ≥ 3 anemia, dehydration, diarrhea, and fatigue were greater in patients with IT. Occurrences of grade ≥ 3 neuropathy and decreased neutrophils were greater in patients with FOLFOX. In all patients, FOLFOX had a statistically superior median PFS compared with IT (5.7 v 2.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.68; P = .02). In patients with ERCC1 levels < 1.7 receiving FOLFOX, PFS and response rate were statistically superior to IT, with no significant difference in OS.

CONCLUSION

The evaluation of ERCC1 in patients with upper GI tumors was thwarted by an overwhelming predominance of low ERCC1 mRNA expression. Nonetheless, distribution of treatment effects on PFS did not vary with expression. For all patients and for those with low ERCC1 expression, FOLFOX was superior in efficacy to IT.
Dynamic Interactions Between LH and Testosterone in Healthy Community-Dwelling Men: Impact of Age and Body Composition
Authors: Roelfsema Ferdinand , Liu Peter Y , Takahashi Paul Y , Yang Rebecca J , Veldhuis Johannes D
Published: December 2019

Background

Aging is associated with diminished testosterone (Te) secretion, which may be attributed to Leydig cell dysfunction, decreased pituitary stimulation, and altered Te feedback.

Objective

To study all regulatory nodes—gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and Leydig cell—in the same cohort of healthy men.

Study Design

This was a placebo-controlled, blinded, prospectively randomized cross-over study in 40 men, age range 19 to 73 years, and body mass index (BMI) range 20 to 34.3 kg/m2. A submaximal dose of the GnRH antagonist ganirelix was used to assess outflow of GnRH, by calculating the difference between LH output during the control arm and ganirelix arm. Ketoconazole (a steroidogenic inhibitor) was used to estimate feedback, by the difference in LH output during the ketoconazole and control arm. High-dose ganirelix and repeated LH infusions were used to measure testicular responsivity. Blood sampling was performed at 10-minute intervals.

Results

There were age-related, but not body composition–related decreases in estimated GnRH secretion, the feedback strength of Te on LH, and Leydig cell responsivity to LH, accompanied by changes in approximate entropy. Bioavailable Te levels were negatively related to both age and computed tomography (CT)–estimated abdominal visceral mass (AVF), without interaction between these variables. The LH response to a submaximal dose of GnRH was independent of age and AVF.

Conclusion

Advancing age is associated with (1) attenuated bioavailable Te secretion caused by diminished GnRH outflow and not by decreased GnRH responsivity of the gonadotrope, (2) diminished testicular responsivity to infused LH pulses, and (3) partial compensation by diminished Te feedback on central gonadotropic regulation.
Longitudinal Competency-Based Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum in Anesthesiology: Description and Initial Experience With PGY1 and PGY2 Trainees
Authors: Rashid Megan M. , Lahaye Laura A. , Riley Christa L. , Liebman Spencer , Murphy William P. , Shah Pranav R.
Published: December 2019

Point-of-care ultrasound is becoming increasingly utilized in centers throughout the country for use in perioperative regional anesthesia procedures, vascular access, diagnosis, and resuscitation. We propose an educational approach that not only spans the 4-year duration of anesthesia residency but also regularly assesses progress throughout training. We accomplish this through a flipped classroom model, in which the 12 residents in each class participate in online modules for the baseline didactic knowledge, then come to a session where they have the opportunity to work in small groups (1:2–1:3 ratio of faculty to learner) and practice the skills outlined in the modules.
Relações interpessoais e trocas dialógicas na execução penal de metodologia alternativa
Authors: Lopes de Miranda Sirlene , Silva Guimarães Danilo
Published: December 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir conflitos dialógicos vivenciados por homens privados de liberdade em um sistema prisional no qual a pessoa assume dupla posição: cumpre sua pena, mas participa da administração da instituição penal, como responsável pela segurança. É um dos resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que consistiu em um estudo de caso no método alternati- vo de cumprimento de pena privativa de liberdade. Discutiremos aqui, seletivamente, resultados de um percurso de 12 visitas à instituição para observar como se davam as relações interpessoais, com registro das informações em um diário de campo, e entrevistas com 18 pessoas, perante consentimento prévio. Do conví- vio entre os homens privados de liberdade, bem como do compartilhamento de experiências alegres e tristes no contexto institucionalizado, emergiu um campo de mútua afetação, trocas dialógicas e afetivo-cognitivas relevantes à construção do Self. Como o compartilhamento intersubjetivo nunca é pleno, a pesquisa nos permitiu compreender como a pessoas podem conduzir seu curso de ação em direção a um afastamento pessoal nas relações interpessoais e institucionais, fortalecendo atitudes autorreflexivas não verbalizadas.
Psicología cultural: introducción y visión general
Authors: Packer Martin John
Published: December 2019

Este artículo proporciona una introducción y una visión general de la psicología cultural. Comienza con la introducción de las tres figuras principales del Círculo Vygotskiano en las décadas de los veinte y los treinta: Lev Vygotsky, Alexander Luria y Alekséi Leontiev, ya que la colaboración entre ellos es importante porque demuestra que el estudio de la cultura y de la neurobiología no son líneas de investigación opuestas, sino complementarias. Seguido a esto, se bosqueja brevemente la historia de la psicología cultural en el mundo de habla inglesa y se presentan algunas de sus principales figuras. Después, se hace énfasis en el proyecto de Vygotsky, explicando su diagnóstico de la crisis en la psicología y su solución para evitar el dualismo. Luego, se hace foco en las características clave del relato de Vygotsky sobre el desarrollo de los niños, describiendo su reconstrucción de las etapas y transiciones de la ontogénesis y ofreciendo una interpretación del proceso de internalización. Concluye con una discusión de la metodología de la investigación en psicología cultural, explicando en qué se diferencia de los diseños cuasi experimentales típicos de la psicología transcultural.
Intimidación racial en un colegio del Amazonas, Colombia: exaltando las voces de los niños a través de la narración icónica
Authors: Martínez Torres Carmen Cristina , Rodríguez Burgos Lilian Patricia , Díaz Posada Leidy Evelyn
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las características de las dinámicas de intimidación racial desde la perspectiva de 20 niños indígenas y colonos de una escuela urbana en Leticia (Amazonas, Colombia). Para ello, se partió de un enfoque cualitativo, haciendo uso de un diseño fenomenológico, y se emplearon dos instrumentos: guías de entrevista semiestructurada y un conjunto de 9 viñetas diseñadas para generar narraciones icónicas. El material recopilado se analizó a través del software Nvivo, clasificando datos en factores de riesgo, redes de apoyo, estrategias de afrontamiento, refuerzos y consecuencias de situaciones generadoras de agresión. Los resultados permiten confirmar que el proceso de intimidación es dinámico y tiene varios actores que participan en diferentes escenarios, con una amplia variedad de factores. En suma, cabe destacar que se fue más allá de investigaciones tradicionales que se han centrado en caracterizar a la víctima y al victimario, mostrándose el rol de otros actores y posibles riesgos para las culturas étnicas en el Amazonas. Por último, se discuten líneas de investigación e intervención que pueden ser exploradas.
Ateliê de pintura com idosos acolhidos: uma perspectiva sociocultural do curso de vida
Authors: Yokoy Tatiana , Souza Guedes Daiane
Published: December 2019

Apesar do envelhecimento populacional, especialmente acentuado no contexto latinoamericano, ainda são poucas as pesquisas sobre esta etapa da vida e precárias as políticas públicas relacionadas à velhice. Os objetivos deste estudo foram discutir a cidadania de idosos que enfrentam situação de rua e/ou vivenciam acolhimento institucional no Brasil e problematizar a formação de psicólogos para atuar junto à população de idosos. Para isso, evidenciamos as transformações desenvolvimentais de idosos que participaram de atividades de pesquisa e extensão em um serviço de acolhimento institucional em Brasília, Brasil. A metodologia envolveu um ateliê de pintura, exposições em espaços públicos e entrevistas, com a mediação de recursos artísticos e narrativas autobiográficas. A psicologia sociocultural do curso de vida foi utilizada como fundamentação para analisar as mudanças no desenvolvimento dos acolhidos. Os idosos realizaram novas aprendizagens, ocorreram transformações identitárias e novos projetos de futuro foram construídos. Apontamos a necessidade de mudanças na formação de psicólogos, a fim de melhor qualificar sua atuação nas políticas públicas orientadas para a garantia de direitos de idosos.
El aprendizaje-servicio como aporte a la formación profesional: un análisis de caso a partir de la metodología Quinta Dimensión
Authors: Sánchez Reyes José Eduardo , Bolaños Martínez Yamileth
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se describe el proceso de participación de estudiantes universitarios de psicología en la adaptación e implementación de un modelo educativo 5D denominado proyecto Mohán. El modelo se asume como experiencia de aprendizaje-servicio, y se explora cómo esta metodología aporta a la comprensión del oficio del psicólogo. En la experiencia participaron 8 estudiantes universitarios, 1 profesor y 1 estudiante de maestría. La metodología de investigación empleada es un experimento por diseño. Los resultados permiten plantear que la experiencia de participar en el desarrollo de una intervención directa, como una situación de aprendizaje, posibilita que los estudiantes asuman un rol de psicólogos, además de desarrollar aprendizajes del oficio y competencias profesionales.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL FOR THE PROMOTION OF BREASTFEEDING
Authors: Nobre Luciana Neri , Miranda Nayara Martins Zille , Pinto Maria Luísa Costa , Urquia Yazareni José Mercadantes , Azevedo Marielly Da Conceição , Sette Dirlene Da Silva
Published: December 2019

Objetivos: Descrever o desenvolvimento e validação de um manual sobre aleitamento materno para puérperas, com vistas à promoção do aleitamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, em que o manual foi construído a partir de documentos científicos reconhecidos nacional e internacionalmente e, posteriormente, este foi validado por diferentes avaliadores. Resultados: O manual foi dividido em 10 domínios que contém conteúdo textual dialogal com a mãe - perguntas e respostas - e ilustrações do texto. Foi validado por 13 avaliadores, sendo eles de conteúdo, técnicos e da área de design e marketing – especialistas - e por 31 avaliadoras representando o público-alvo -puérperas-. A validação do conteúdo pelos diferentes profissionais ocorreu por meio de questionário eletrônico e pelas puérperas por questionário impresso, entre março a junho de 2018. O cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) foi utilizado para garantir a qualidade do material produzido, e este atingiu valores satisfatórios, configurando: IVC dos avaliadores de conteúdo de 0,96, técnicos 0,90, design e marketing 0,94 e puérperas 0,96. Conclusão: Ao construir o manual deste estudo, os pesquisadores visaram especialmente esclarecer as principais dúvidas que permeiam o aleitamento materno, contribuir para melhoria dos índices desta prática e consequentemente reduzir a morbimortalidade infantil em um município mineiro. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.42823
DURAÇÃO DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM CARACTERÍSTICAS MATERNAS E ORIENTAÇÕES SOBRE INCENTIVO À AMAMENTAÇÃO RECEBIDAS NO PRÉ-NATAL EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pedraza Dixis Figueroa
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Estimar o tempo de aleitamento materno entre crianças atendidas na rede pública de saúde e verificar diferenças segundo características maternas e da atenção pré-natal (número de consultas e orientações profissionais). Métodos: Pesquisa transversal realizada em 16 unidades básicas de Saúde da Família com 204 crianças nascidas em 2009, em um município do Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de forma retrospectiva em 2011, por aplicação de questionário às mães das crianças. Utilizou-se a análise de sobrevida para estimar a duração mediana de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total. O tempo total de amamentação foi testado por meio do teste de Wilcoxon considerando localização do domicílio, idade materna, situação conjugal materna, paridade, número de consultas no pré-natal e orientações profissionais sobre amamentação durante o pré-natal. Resultados: O tempo mediano de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total foi de cinco e nove meses, respectivamente. A amamentação foi menos prolongada entre as mães mais novas, primíparas, residentes na zona urbana e que realizaram menos de seis consultas de pré-natal. As mães que receberam orientações sobre a importância de amamentar até os dois anos de idade ou mais e sobre os prejuízos do uso de chupeta ou bico apresentaram maiores medianas de tempo de aleitamento materno total. Conclusão: As estimativas destacam tempos de aleitamento materno exclusivo e total aquém do esperado, sendo a duração influenciada por características maternas e pela adequação do pré-natal no número de consultas e nas orientações sobre amamentação.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43189
APOIO SOCIAL E INTERCORRÊNCIAS MAMÁRIAS EM NUTRIZES QUE AMAMENTAM EXCLUSIVAMENTE
Authors: Silva Francyleia Abreu da , Cantanhede Nayra Anielly Cabral , Fonseca Poliana Cristina De Almeida , Conceição Sueli Ismael Oliveira da
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o apoio do cônjuge e de familiares a nutrizes assistidas em um Programa de Puericultura de um Banco de Leite Humano e as intercorrências mamárias durante o período de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 169 nutrizes assistidas pelo Programa de Puericultura de um Banco de Leite Humano em São Luís-MA. Aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado para a coleta de dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, condições do pré-natal, apoio social e intercorrências mamárias. O Teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste Exato de Fischer foram empregados para verificar as associações entre as covariáveis e o desfecho de interesse (p<0.05). Resultados: Todas as nutrizes se submeteram ao pré-natal (100%), das quais 81,3% realizaram seis ou mais consultas, em sua maioria na rede pública de saúde (94,7%). Mais da metade das nutrizes não recebeu orientações a respeito do aleitamento materno (55,4%), de posições do bebê para amamentar (63,7%) e dos cuidados com as mamas durante o pré-natal (59,2%). Aproximadamente 82% receberam apoio do companheiro, no entanto, na presença de dores nos mamilos (41,1%) e mamilos ausentes, planos ou invertidos (13,2%), a maioria (86,8%) não recebeu tal suporte durante o AME (p=0,021). Conclusão: Houve considerável apoio social dirigido às nutrizes, mas dentre as que apresentaram intercorrências mamárias, a maior parte não recebeu esse apoio. Reforça-se a necessidade de maior participação dos atores que compõem a rede social da gestante no pré-natal e nos cuidados com a saúde da criança.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.43824
O estudo das migrações a partir da Psicologia Social: Uma perspectiva crítica
Authors: Miranda Suélen Cristina de
Published: December 2019

A partir da perspectiva da chamada "Psicologia Social Crítica", este artigo toma como base o sintagma identidade-metamorfose-emancipação, desenvolvido por Antônio da Costa Ciampa, para discutir a necessária desnaturalização do termo migrante, cuja vivência singular sempre será atravessada por referências de classe, gênero, raça/etnicidade e nacionalidade. Explicita-se o imperativo de um deslocamento de olhar do processo migratório em si para o migrante que, enquanto sujeito, atribui significados e sentidos particulares aos diversos condicionamentos a que está exposto a partir de suas histórias e projetos de vida. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho propõe um enfoque que supere as dicotomias existentes entre as abordagens micro e macroestruturais, considerando a percepção singular do migrante com relação às determinações históricas, políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais envolvidas tanto no lugar de origem quanto de destino. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das contribuições históricas de alguns importantes autores da temática migratória, além da diferenciação entre as principais teorias desenvolvidas sobre esse fenômeno, para que seja possível a compreensão da abordagem proposta e sua relação com os estudos migratórios.
Da escrita ao toque: Elaborando experiências traumáticas com tutores de resiliência
Authors: Pereira Arthur Teixeira , Ponciano Edna Lúcia Tinoco
Published: December 2019

Smith, R., Halfon, L., Malkovich, J. (Produtores), & Chbosky, S. (Diretor). (2012). As vantagens de ser invisível [DVD]. São Paulo: Paris Filmes.
Pesquisa Quantitativa e/ou Qualitativa: distanciamentos, aproximações e possibilidades
Authors: Mussi Ricardo Franklin de Freitas , Mussi Leila Maria Prates Teixeira , Assunção Emerson Tadeu Cotrim , Nunes Claudio Pinto
Published: December 2019

A preocupação humana com a apreensão/compreensão da realidade no campo acadêmico-científico passa pela problemática de como abordar o objeto de maneira coerente e quais critérios teóricos-metodológicos podem/devem ser assumidos pelo pesquisador para o ótimo desenvolvimento da investigação. Neste sentido, o presente texto objetiva discutir as principais características das abordagens de pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa. Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo teórico, apresentado por meio do gênero acadêmico ensaio, pautado em incursões na literatura pertinente. O manuscrito apresenta as bases teórico-práticas que discursivizam as noções das abordagens de pesquisas qualitativa e quantitativa. Na primeira perspectiva o investigador supõe um universo de objetos comparáveis entre si, com enfoque nos indicadores numéricos. No segundo caso assumi-se um universo de sentidos, significados, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes focado nas relações, nos processos e nos fenômenos. Assim, as análises sinalizam que não há, necessariamente, oposição, suplementariedade  ou complementaridade entre essas maneiras de fazer pesquisa. São modos diferentes do fazer científico para obtenção e tratamento das informações, portanto, relevantes para a ciência e sociedade, que podem e devem ser utilizadas no cotidiano científico. Diante das características das abordagens teórico-metodológicas, é fundamental indicar que suas bases e procedimentos são de natureza diferente, no entanto, é perfeitamente possível, a depender do objeto/objetivo da pesquisa, o diálogo e/ou encontro das duas abordagens.
Vascular access complications in specialised clinical practice: strategies for first insertion success
Authors: Barton Andrew
Published: December 2019

Vascular access in clinical practice is an integral part of healthcare today. Most patients will experience some aspect of vascular access as some point in their treatment, and complications are common. Using vein location and access-assist technology should become routine.
Transnational religious networks and geopolitics in the Muslim World
Authors: Mabon Simon , Wastnidge Edward
Published: December 2019

Debates around the sectarianisation of politics across the Middle East and Muslim world more broadly have opened new spaces of enquiry into the interrelationship between religion and geopolitics. The nature of links between Iran and Saudi Arabia and various groups in the Muslim world differs across time and space, shaped by a range of context specific factors. Networks are shaped by the interaction of their constituent parts and the organisation of power among their members and thus, as a consequence networks are neither fixed nor universal. Here, context is key, resulting in different types of relationships across spaces.

Much academic and policy-oriented work on transnational religious networks has historically reflected Western governments’ preoccupation with security issues vis-à-vis Islamist ‘extremist’ groups. This narrow prism distorts understanding of the roles that such networks play, and thus necessitates further exploration of the multiple levels and characteristics of transnational religious networks, be they state, sect or community-led.
Three-dimensional curvelet-based dictionary learning for speckle noise removal of optical coherence tomography
Authors: Esmaeili Mahad , Dehnavi Alireza Mehri , Hajizadeh Fedra , Rabbani Hossein
Published: December 2019

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a recently emerging non-invasive diagnostic tool useful in several medical applications such as ophthalmology, cardiology, gastroenterology and dermatology. One of the major problems with OCT pertains to its low contrast due to the presence of multiplicative speckle noise, which limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and obscures low-intensity and small features. In this paper, we recommend a new method using the 3D curvelet based K-times singular value decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm for speckle noise reduction and contrast enhancement of the intra-retinal layers of 3D Spectral-Domain OCT (3D-SDOCT) images. In order to benefit from the near-optimum properties of curvelet transform (such as good directional selectivity) on top of dictionary learning, we propose a new plan in dictionary learning by using the curvelet atoms as the initial dictionary. For this reason, the curvelet transform of the noisy image is taken and then the noisy coefficients matrix in each scale, rotation and spatial coordinates is passed through the K-SVD denoising algorithm with predefined 3D initial dictionary that is adaptively selected from thresholded coefficients in the same subband of the image. During the denoising of curvelet coefficients, we can also modify them for the purpose of contrast enhancement of intra-retinal layers. We demonstrate the ability of our proposed algorithm in the speckle noise reduction of 17 publicly available 3D OCT data sets, each of which contains 100 B-scans of size 512×1000 with and without neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) images acquired using SDOCT, Bioptigen imaging systems. Experimental results show that an improvement from 1.27 to 7.81 in contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and from 38.09 to 1983.07 in equivalent number of looks (ENL) is achieved, which would outperform existing state-of-the-art OCT despeckling methods.
High-order dispersion mapping of an optical fiber
Authors: Gil-Molina A. , Castañeda J. A. , Londono-Giraldo D. F. , Gabrielli L. H. , Cárdenas A. M. , Fragnito H. L.
Published: December 2019

We report on measurements of high-order dispersion maps of an optical fiber, showing how the ratio between the third and fourth-order dispersion (β3/β4) and the zero-dispersion wavelength (λ0) vary along the length of the fiber. Our method is based on Four-Wave Mixing between short pulses derived from an incoherent pump and a weak laser. We find that the variations in the ratio β3/β4 are correlated to those in λ0. We present also numerical calculations to illustrate the limits on the spatial resolution of the method. Due to the good accuracy in measuring λ0 and β3/β4 (10 -3% and 5% relative error, respectively), and its simplicity, the method can be used to identify fiber segments of good uniformity, suitable to build nonlinear optical devices such as parametric amplifiers and frequency comb generators.
Learning-based attacks for detecting the vulnerability of computer-generated hologram based optical encryption
Authors: Zhou Lina , Xiao Yin , Chen Wen
Published: December 2019

Optical encryption has attracted wide attention for its remarkable characteristics. Inspired by the development of double random phase encoding, many researchers have developed a number of optical encryption systems for practical applications. It has also been found that computer-generated hologram (CGH) is highly promising for optical encryption, and the CGH-based optical encryption possesses remarkable advantages of simplicity and high feasibility for practical implementations. An input image, i.e., plaintext, can be iteratively or non-iteratively encoded into one or several phase-only masks via phase retrieval algorithms. Without security keys, it is impossible for unauthorized receivers to correctly extract the input image from ciphertext. However, cryptoanalysis of CGH-based optical encryption systems has not been effectively carried out before, and it is also concerned whether CGH-based optical encryption is sufficiently secure for practical applications. In this paper, learning-based attack is proposed to demonstrate the vulnerability of CGH-based optical security system without the direct retrieval of optical encryption keys for the first time to our knowledge. Many pairs of the extracted CGH patterns and their corresponding input images (i.e., ciphertext-plaintext pairs) are used to train a designed learning model. After training, it is straightforward to directly retrieve unknown plaintexts from the given ciphertexts (i.e., phase-only masks) by using the trained learning model without subsidiary conditions. Moreover, the proposed learning-based attacks are also feasible and effective for the cryptoanalysis of CGH-based optical security systems with multiple cascaded phase-only masks. The proposed learning-based attacking method paves the way for the cryptoanalysis of CGH-based optical encryption.
High-power mid-infrared picosecond pulse bunch generation through difference frequency generation
Authors: Yue Wenjie , Ding Yichen , Wu Bo , Shen Yonghang
Published: December 2019

We report a high average power mid-infrared picosecond (ps) pulse bunch output by means of direct difference frequency generation (DFG) in periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate between a linearly polarized ps pulse bunch Yb fiber laser and a synchronized Er fiber laser. The ps pulse bunch Yb fiber laser was composed of an all polarization maintained “figure of eight” structured mode-locked Yb fiber laser as the seed, a pulse multiplier, and two stages of Yb fiber amplifiers. The mode-locked Yb fiber laser has an output ps laser pulse at 1030 nm with a repetition rate of 16.32 MHz. The pulses were then transformed to the pulse bunches through the pulse multiplier. Within each bunch, there were 16 equally spaced pulses with pulse widths of 8.5 ps and time intervals around 300 ps. The Er fiber laser had a gain switched seed laser diode working at 1550 nm with a pulse width around 5.1 ns, which was synchronized to the mode-locked Yb fiber laser pulse bunch, and two stages of Er fiber amplifiers. Under the average power of 27.8 W of Yb fiber laser, we obtained an average output power of 3.1 W at 3.07 µm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power mid-infrared ps pulse bunch obtained via DFG directly.
Intelligently optimized digital optical phase conjugation with particle swarm optimization
Authors: Cheng Zhongtao , Yang Jiamiao , Wang Lihong V.
Published: December 2019

Wavefront shaping (WFS) based on digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) has gained major interest in focusing light through or inside scattering media. However, the quality of DOPC is greatly limited by imperfections of the system in a complicated and coupled way. In this Letter, we incorporate the concept of global optimization to solve this problem comprehensively for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. An automatic and intelligent optimization framework for DOPC techniques is proposed, leveraging the global optimization ability of particle swarm optimization (PSO). We demonstrate the general and powerful ability of the proposed approach in a series of DOPC-related experiments for focusing through and inside scattering media. This novel work can improve the OPC quality greatly and simplify the development of a high-performance DOPC system, which may open up a new avenue for the general scientific community to benefit from DOPC-based WFS in their potential applications.
Optical rotary junction incorporating a hollow shaft DC motor for high-speed catheter-based optical coherence tomography
Authors: Durrani Abdullah , Javaid Ammar , Lee Seungwan , Ha Jinyong
Published: December 2019

In intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), the optical rotary junction plays an important role in rotating and pulling back the catheter to generate cross-sectional coronary artery images. To meet the requirements of high-speed intravascular OCT in a clinical setting, the rotary junction should generate high torque and low vibration. In this Letter, we demonstrate an ultrahigh speed optical rotary junction incorporating a hollow shaft brushless DC servomotor to remove a pulley belt, or a gear to minimize vibration noise and transfer stable torque. To evaluate the performance of the rotary junction, the vibration noise and variation of rotation were measured as a function of motor speed. The results showed that the rotary junction rotated the catheter at 42,000 revolutions per minute, with an optical transmission loss of 1.2 dB. To assess the feasibility of the rotary junction for high-speed catheter-based OCT, OCT imaging of the cylindrical shape of a phantom made by two overlapped plastic straws was performed at a rate of 200 frames/s.
Advanced apparatus for the integration of nanophotonics and cold atoms
Authors: Béguin J.-B. , Burgers A. P. , Luan X. , Qin Z. , Yu S. P. , Kimble H. J.
Published: December 2019

We combine nanophotonics and cold atom research in a new apparatus
enabling the delivery of single-atom tweezer arrays in the vicinity of
photonic crystal waveguides.
Strain shapes the light in a photonic crystal nanocavity
Authors: Lu Tsan-Wen , Wang Liang-Chih , Lai Cheng-Han , Lee Po-Tsung
Published: December 2019

This study proposes and demonstrates a novel nanoclamp structure symmetrically disposed near a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity embedded in a deformable polydimethylsiloxane substrate. These nanoclamps show capabilities of locally shaping (including enhancing and inhibiting) the strain of PhC nanocavity. The produced artificial non-ideal elastomer leads to an enhanced wavelength response of

−
12.7
  
nm

for every percentage compressive strain variation from the tunable PhC nanolasers in experiments. This result not only guarantees the excellent tunability of the 1D PhC nanolasers but also promises ultrahigh sensitivity in strain sensing. Moreover, such nanoclamps can further create a reconfigurable conversion between waveguide and nanocavity with a 1–2 order difference in the quality factor when applied to a 1D PhC waveguide. We believe this study provides a possibility for on-demand sculpturing of the optical properties of tunable PhC devices in the nanoscale by inserting additional nano- or micro-structures.
Hacia unas TransLiteraturas hispanoamericanas: reflexiones sobre literatura trans e intermedial en Argentina, Chile y Perú (2000-2017)
Authors: Schmitter Gianna
Published: December 2019

El artículo aborda la literatura argentina, chilena y peruana intermedial (2000-2017); en otras palabras, la literatura publicada bajo el formato libro que trabaja con el texto verbal y la imagen (fotografía, video en YouTube, o una estética digital de la página impresa). En ese sentido, las tres categorías intermediales analizadas son la combinación mediática (Rajewsky), la literatura expandida (Kozak) y la evocación mediática (Rajewsky). Se postula que estas producciones intermediales son una TransLiteratura; es decir, una literatura situada en una zona intersticial entre dos o más regímenes estéticos materiales, nacionales e institucionales. El objetivo es proponer un panorama/corpus de las TransLiteraturas ultracontemporáneas y destacar las implicaciones, similitudes y diferencias de estas producciones literarias
Raíces espirituales, filosóficas y bíblicas de la poética de Eliseo Diego
Authors: Aparicio Yannelys
Published: December 2019

La obra poética del cubano Eliseo Diego mantiene unos presupuestos teóricos similares a lo largo de toda su producción, desde los años cuarenta hasta los noventa, que parten de sus creencias católicas y del concepto de Caída original, tal como se describe en el Génesis bíblico, y se concretan en la posibilidad de generar discursos literarios alrededor de la conciencia de la pérdida de la inocencia, la expulsión del Paraíso y la evocación de lo vivido en ese estado de plenitud primera. La poesía responde a la necesidad de la palabra para recuperar lo perdido, y significa la capacidad de eternizar el instante y evocarlo con nitidez, para captar la belleza relativa de los seres y las cosas comunes, que participa de la Belleza absoluta de Dios, según la teoría tomista de los transcendentales del ser y la evocación de la primera vía para demostrar la existencia de Dios: el motor inmóvil.
Clinical experience with piribedil in chronic cerebrovascular disease with cognitive impairment
Authors: Moroz E. V. , Zakharycheva T. A. , Antonyuk M. V.
Published: December 2019

Objective: to evaluate the effect of piribedil on cognitive functions in elderly patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) and cognitive impairment (CI). Patients and methods. A total of 67 patients aged 60-75 years with CCVD and CI were examined. A control group included 32 patients who had received basic therapy with antihypertensive and, if indicated, lipid-lowering and antithrombotic drugs. A study group consisted of 35 patients who additionally took piribedil 50 mg after evening meals for 3 months. Neuropsychological examination was made before and after a treatment cycle. Results and discussion. After 3 months, only the piribedil group showed a significant neuropsychological improvement (p<0.05-0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the measures of short-term (5.9±0.5 and 4.27±0.5 words; p<0.05) and long-term (6.4±0.8 and 4.16±0.5 words; p<0.05) memories, correction task (38.4±0.8 and 49.1±0.1 errors; p<0.001), attentiveness (421.0±0.9 and 406.0±0.6 sec; p<0.001), and work efficiency (16.3±0.9 and 12.3±1.2 sec; p<0.05). The investigation revealed that the drug had a good tolerability, neither adverse events nor drug-drug interactions. Conclusion. When used in CCVD and CI, piribedil 50 mg once daily for 3 months is able to improve cognitive functions in elderly patients, which indicates that it is feasible to use the drug in combined therapy with essential (antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, antithrombotic) medicines.