bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kroniek van de taalkunde 2010/11
Authors: Hüning Matthias
Published: March 2014

Toen ik deze kroniek heb overgenomen van Joop van der Horst heb ik mijn opdracht geïnterpreteerd als ‘Kroniek van de Nederlandse taalkunde’. Het was mijn bedoeling mijzelf en u te wijzen op nieuwe boeken, tijdschriften, websites, cd’s over de Nederlandse taal en de Nederlandse taalkunde. Daarbij heb ik me vooral gericht op die publicaties waarvan niet alleen de objecttaal het Nederlands is, maar ook de taal van de publicatie, omdat we in de extramurale neerlandistiek (die niet meer zo wil en mag heten) graag wetenschappelijke teksten willen lezen in het Nederlands. Wat ik toen onvoldoende besefte: de Nederlandse taalkunde bestaat niet meer. Misschien bestaat er ook geen neerlandistiek meer, tenminste geen neerlandistiek in de zin van ‘Nederlandse filologie’ of ‘Nederlandse taal- en letterkunde’, maar daar gaan we het een andere keer over hebben.
Intonatie op de grens van Nederland en Duitsland: Nedersaksisch en Hoogduits
Authors: Peters Jörg , Michalsky Jan , Hanssen Judith
Published: March 2014

Recent research on intonational variation in West Germanic languages suggests that tonal variation among dialects of a single language may be larger than among national standard varieties like British English, Dutch, and German. However, most parts of the West Germanic language area are still uncharted territory as far as intonation is concerned. In particular, we know virtually nothing about the intonation of northern Dutch dialects and of Low German. This paper deals with intonational variation in the Dutch province of Groningen and the German province of East Frisia, covering Dutch Low Saxon, German Low Saxon, and Northern High German. We report results from two studies on intonational variation. First, a reading task was carried out to determine the tonal inventories and to detect variation in the use of nuclear tunes. Second, speakers were presented with sentences varying by focus condition to determine variation in the phonetic realisation of the same tunes. The results of the first study suggest that speakers of Dutch Low Saxon, German Low Saxon, and High German in the border area make use of the same inventory of nuclear tunes, but differ in the use of single tunes in various utterance types. The second study reveals differences in segmental lengthening, pitch timing, and pitch scaling. We conclude, first, that intonational variation in the northern Dutch-German border area is more likely to be found in the use of tunes and their phonetic realisation than in tonal grammar, and second, that intonational variation between Dutch and German Low Saxon is larger than that between German Low Saxon and local High German.
Afstand of toenadering. Over het negentiende-eeuwse fin de siècle in De klopgeest van Komrij en in Publieke werken van Rosenboom
Authors: Verhasselt Sarah
Published: March 2014

In a comparison between two historical novels, De klopgeest (‘the poltergeist’) by Gerrit Komrij and Publieke werken (‘public works’) by Thomas Rosenboom, both set at the end of the 19th century, literary critics often prefer Rosenboom’s novel. They value its strong historical imbedding over Komrij’s novel, which is mostly perceived as a contemporary reflection on the fin de siècle. Al„though every historical novel has a contemporary-reflexive dimension, I will show that Rosenboom and Komrij describe this historical period differently. Via an intertextual and comparative approach, and through an analysis of three recurrent images (the woman, the city and pseudoscientific practices); it becomes clear that Komrij has created an ideological distance between the fin de siècle and the contemporary reader, whereas Rosenboom’s novel is more traditional and invites us to an immersive historical reading.
Hoe groot is het verschil tussen B1 en B2? - Verschillen in kennis van woordenschat en grammatica tussen NT2-leerders op B1-B2-niveau van spreekvaardigheid
Authors: Hulstijn Jan H. , de Jong Nivja H. , Steinel Margarita P. , Florijn Arjen , Schoonen Rob
Published: March 2014

This study examined lexical and grammatical knowledge of adult learners of Dutch as a second language (L2) at the B1 and B2 speaking-proficiency levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. In a sample of 208 Dutch L2 learners, 80 and 30 participants were found to be proficient in speaking at the B1 and B2 levels respectively, as assessed in eight computer-administered speaking tasks. Participants also performed paper-and-pencil tests of vocabulary and grammar knowledge. Average vocabulary sizes were obtained of 4000 and 7000 words (with standard deviations of 1623 and 1456) in the B1 and B2 groups, respectively. Overall performance on the grammar test, which assessed knowledge in ten grammatical domains, was significantly higher in the B2 group than in the B1 group, with average correct scores of 86% and 71%, respectively. For each of the ten domains of grammar, examples are given of features that B1 and B2 learners did, or did not yet, control.1
Hoe ziet een vis de rivier waarin hij zwemt? - Waarnemen vanuit een liminaal perspectief in de Berlijnse notities van Cees Nooteboom
Authors: Konst Jan , Pieterse Saskia
Published: March 2014

In this article we use the concept of ‘liminality’ to shed new light on Berlijnse notities, a collection of essays written by Dutch author Cees Nooteboom. Nooteboom wrote his essays in 1989 and 1990, during the fall of the Berlin Wall and consequent German reunification. Although he was an eye witness to these historic events, he distances himself from the political turmoil, and „posits himself as an outsider and a stranger. We argue that within the text, the voice of the pensive, reflexive outsider opens up a liminal space, in which the narrator is neither completely estranged from the German people and their history, nor completely part of all that is happening. However, this liminal space is not a stable given; we analyze the way in which the narrator’s reflexive position is threatened by the chaos of the unexpected but also heavily mediatised events of 1989, and look at the different ways in which the author tries to reconstitute this liminal space.
Effecten van SLI op Nederlandse congruentie
Authors: Weerman Fred , Duinmeijer Iris , Orgassa Antje
Published: March 2014

Effects of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) are often visible in the inflectional system. This also holds for Dutch, where verbal and adjectival inflection are vulnerable in children with SLI. A set of experiments shows that Dutch children with SLI make the same type of overgeneralizations as typically developing children make (and that their mistakes differ from adults acquiring Dutch as a second language). On the other hand, it is shown that SLI is more than just a delay. A comparison of a group of younger and older children with SLI suggests that some effects on inflection are long-lasting. It is argued that the evidence can best be understood if it is assumed that SLI is a result of problems in the processing and interpretation of the input. The same problems may also disturb the production of inflection once the relevant rules have been acquired.
De reductievocaal in zeventiende- en achttiende-eeuwse sailing letters - Onzichtbare spelling, dubbele spelling en palatale uitspraak
Authors: Nobels Judith , Simons Tanja , van der Wal Marijke
Published: March 2014

In this article, we examine two ways of spelling the reduced vowel in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century letters and their possible link with its palatal pronunciation proposed by Caron. Contrary to claims made by Gaspar (2007), we show that the so-called invisible spelling should not always be straightforwardly interpreted as a reflection of a palatal sound. In the case of the double spelling an analysis of our sailing letters corpus leads to a hypothesis about the regional distribution of this phenomenon and reveals a possible connection with the German or Scandinavian background of particular scribes.
Connectieven in de rechterperiferie - Een contrastieve analyse van dus en donc in gesproken taal
Authors: Degand Liesbeth
Published: March 2014

This article presents a corpus-based analysis of the Dutch discourse marker dus (‘so’) and its French translation equivalent donc in right peripheral position in spoken language. The working hypothesis of this study is that discourse markers in the right periphery of the utterance can be described in terms of an intersubjective paradigm, with discourse functions oriented towards the hearer. Results show that this is indeed the case, both for dus and for donc In the right periphery, the two markers express metadiscursive meanings of reformulation and explicitation, more than of causal conclusion. These meanings have been interpreted as hearer-oriented, since they either help the reader to make sense of the message (reformulation, explicitation) or they invite the hearer to co-construct the conclusive meanings (causal conclusion). In addition, both markers seem to play a specific role in turn transitions thus adding to their intersubjective character.
De extrapositie van het subject in passieve zinnen - Diachrone trends en motivaties
Authors: Coussé Evie
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a diachronic case study of extraposition of subjects in passive clauses with a finite form of the auxiliary verb worden ‘to become’. The data are taken from a historical corpus of legal texts dating from 1250 until 1800. The study shows that subjects of passive clauses appear relatively frequently in extraposition in view of the fact that subjects in general encode highly topical participants, which are preferably placed in the beginning of the clause. This is explained by the fact that subjects of passive clauses encode patient participants, and are thus less topical than more prototypical subjects. Furthermore, the study shows that subjects of worden-clauses are increasingly extraposed in the investigated time period. This development is related to the fact that the grammaticalization of passive clauses is accompanied by an increased usage of sentential subjects, which are systematically placed in extraposition throughout the history of Dutch.
De productieve woordenschat van jonge Nederlandstalige kinderen
Authors: Horsels Linda , Bol Gerard
Published: March 2014

The productive vocabulary of young typically developing Dutch children aged 1;08 to 3;04 has been investigated. In the lexicon of the children nine categories of word types and tokens are examined. For types, a noun bias can be reported in children up to 2;01 years of age. About one third of the lexicon consists of nouns. The number of verbs and function words increases with age. The number of onomatopoeic words decreases. Personal-social words decrease only in types, not in tokens.
Het contra-indefinietheidseffect in het Nederlands
Authors: Drijkoningen Frank
Published: March 2014

Question formation in French involving Subject Inversion may not affect indefinite subjects. This property – dubbed the counter-indefiniteness effect – is explained by integrating a Topic Phrase in syntax (Kayne & Pollock 2001). We show that this effect is also present in wh-questions in Dutch. In Dutch, the effect is independent of word order, but can be observed by taking into account the presence or absence of presentational er: the counterindefiniteness effect occurs in wh-questions in which er is present alongside a wh-word functioning as an internal argument. For the Topic Phrase we build a link with independent proposals by Bennis (1986) – the double (in)definiteness effect in Dutch - and Koeneman (2000), who proposes that er is related to empty presupposition sets. We elaborate our proposal in terms of the current generative formalisms (for Dutch e.g. Zwart 1997 and Broekhuis 2008). A semantic/pragmatic formulation of the effect would be that a question should not introduce an entity in discourse and simultaneously ask for other information about this entity.
Wat het Nederlands ons nog meer kan leren over de Jespersencyclus
Authors: Zeijlstra Hedde
Published: March 2014

In zijn bijdrage Wat het Nederlands ons kan leren over de Jespersencyclus (dit nummer) stelt Johan van der Auwera (i) dat de zgn. Jespersencyclus niet moet worden beschouwd als een gevolg van verzwakking van bepaalde negatiepartikels; (ii) dat de vaak aanwezig veronderstelde relatie tussen de Jespersencyclus en de positie van de negatieve markeerder niet universeel geldig is; en (iii) dat de diachrone ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de uitdrukking van zinsnegatie niet altijd cyclisch zijn. In deze bijdrage wil ik op elk van deze drie punten reageren en beargumenteren dat de gepresenteerde negatiefeiten veel dichter bij Jespersens oorspronkelijke voorstellen staan dan Van der Auwera hier betoogt.
The next generation of low-cost personal air quality sensors for quantitative exposure monitoring
Authors: Piedrahita R. , Xiang Y. , Masson N. , Ortega J. , Collier A. , Jiang Y. , Li K. , Dick R. , Lv Q. , Hannigan M. , Shang L.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Advances in embedded systems and low-cost gas sensors are enabling a new wave of low cost air quality monitoring tools. Our team has been engaged in the development of low-cost wearable air quality monitors (M-Pods) using the Arduino platform. The M-Pods use commercially available metal oxide semiconductor (MOx) sensors to measure CO, O3, NO2, and total VOCs, and NDIR sensors to measure CO2. MOx sensors are low in cost and show high sensitivity near ambient levels; however they display non-linear output signals and have cross sensitivity effects. Thus, a quantification system was developed to convert the MOx sensor signals into concentrations. Two deployments were conducted at a regulatory monitoring station in Denver, Colorado. M-Pod concentrations were determined using laboratory calibration techniques and co-location calibrations, in which we place the M-Pods near regulatory monitors to then derive calibration function coefficients using the regulatory monitors as the standard. The form of the calibration function was derived based on laboratory experiments. We discuss various techniques used to estimate measurement uncertainties. A separate user study was also conducted to assess personal exposure and M-Pod reliability. In this study, 10 M-Pods were calibrated via co-location multiple times over 4 weeks and sensor drift was analyzed with the result being a calibration function that included drift. We found that co-location calibrations perform better than laboratory calibrations. Lab calibrations suffer from bias and difficulty in covering the necessary parameter space. During co-location calibrations, median standard errors ranged between 4.0–6.1 ppb for O3, 6.4–8.4 ppb for NO2, 0.28–0.44 ppm for CO, and 16.8 ppm for CO2. Median signal to noise (S/N) ratios for the M-Pod sensors were higher for M-Pods than the regulatory instruments: for NO2, 3.6 compared to 23.4; for O3, 1.4 compared to 1.6; for CO, 1.1 compared to 10.0; and for CO2, 42.2 compared to 300–500. The user study provided trends and location-specific information on pollutants, and affected change in user behavior. The study demonstrated the utility of the M-Pod as a tool to assess personal exposure.
Multiscaling and joint multiscaling description of the atmospheric wind speed and the aggregate power output from a wind farm
Authors: Calif R. , Schmitt F. G.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We consider here wind speed time series and the aggregate output wind power from a wind farm. We study their scaling statistics in the framework of fully developed turbulence and Kolmogorov's theory. We estimate their Fourier power spectra and consider their scaling properties in the physical space. We show that the atmospheric wind speed and the aggregate power output from a wind farm are intermittent and multifractal over a wide range of scales. The coupling between simultaneous data of the wind speed and aggregate power output is investigated through a joint multifractal description using the generalized correlation functions (GCFs). This multiscaling test is compatible with a linear relation between the wind speed and the aggregate power output fluctuations for timescales T ⩾ 103 s ≃ 15 min.
Provision of boundary conditions for a convection-permitting ensemble: comparison of two different approaches
Authors: Marsigli C. , Montani A. , Paccagnella T.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. The current resolution of the operational global models favours the possibility of driving convection-permitting limited-area model (LAM) simulations directly, sparing the necessity for an intermediate step with a coarser-resolution LAM. Though the resolution of global ensemble systems is generally lower than that of deterministic ones, it is also possible to consider this opportunity in the field of ensemble forecasting. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of this choice for driving a convection-permitting ensemble based on the COSMO model, for a specific application, namely the forecast of intense autumn precipitation events over Italy. The impact of the direct nesting in the ECMWF global ensemble is compared to a two-step nesting, which makes use of a LAM ensemble system with parametrised convection. Results show that the variability introduced in the geopotential field by the direct nesting is usually contained within the uncertainty described by the standard ensemble, and differences between pairs of members following different nesting approaches are generally smaller than the ensemble error, computed with respect to analysis. The relation between spread and error is even improved by the direct nesting approach. In terms of precipitation, it is found that the forecasts issued by members with different nesting approaches generally have differences at spatial scales between 16 and 180 km, depending on the case, hence not negligible. Nevertheless, the skill of the LAM ensemble precipitation forecasts, evaluated by means of an objective verification, is comparable. Therefore, the overall quality of the 2.8 km ensemble for the specific application is not deteriorated by the provision of lower resolution lateral boundary conditions directly from the global ensemble.
Plate tectonic raster reconstruction in GPlates
Authors: Cannon J. , Lau E. , Müller R. D.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We describe a novel method implemented in the GPlates plate tectonic reconstruction software to interactively reconstruct arbitrarily high-resolution raster data to past geological times using a rotation model. The approach is based on the projection of geo-referenced raster data into a cube map followed by a reverse projection onto rotated tectonic plates on the surface of the globe. This decouples the rendering of a geo-referenced raster from its reconstruction, providing a number of benefits including a simple implementation and the ability to combine rasters with different geo-referencing or inbuilt raster projections. The cube map projection is accelerated by graphics hardware in a wide variety of computer systems manufactured over the last decade. Furthermore, by integrating a multi-resolution tile partitioning into the cube map we can provide on-demand tile streaming, level-of-detail rendering and hierarchical visibility culling enabling researchers to visually explore essentially unlimited resolution geophysical raster data attached to tectonic plates and reconstructed through geological time. This capability forms the basis for interactively building and improving plate reconstructions in an iterative fashion, particularly for tectonically complex regions.
Does the Internet shape a disciplinary society? The information-knowledge paradox
Authors: Rajagopal Indhu
Published: March 2014

In the post–modern era, knowledge is being understood as information. In reality, knowledge is commoditized and objectified as decontextualized representations. More information may mean that the society is drawn into a critical phase where loss of knowledge occurs with the unlimited flow of information. Such ubiquitous information could lead to less understanding, less trust and less truth, which would erode rationality in the governance of the society. Using a framework based on Michel Foucault’s archeological methodology, i.e., unearthing how information and communication technologies (ICT) came to be viewed as a source of truth/knowledge, this paper explores the question: Do ICT contribute information that can be construed as knowledge? Does this knowledge contribute to truth or to power? Do ICTs push an information society towards Foucault’s disciplinary society, where the so–called knowledge speaks ‘truth to power’?
Investigating motivations and expectations of asking a question in social Q&A
Authors: Choi Erik , Kitzie Vanessa , Shah Chirag
Published: March 2014

Social Q&A (SQA) has rapidly grown in popularity, impacting people’s information seeking behaviors. Although previous research has examined how people seek and share information within SQA, fundamental questions of user motivations and expectations for information seeking remain. This paper applies the theoretical framework of uses and gratification theory to investigate the motivations for SQA use, and adapts relevance criteria from library and information science (LIS) literature to investigate expectations with regard to evaluation of content within SQA site Yahoo! Answers. A total of 75 Yahoo! Answers users participated in a survey that asked them about reasons, methods, and expectations relating to asking questions within the SQA site. Findings indicate the importance of motivations and expectations in fulfilling both cognitive and socio–affective needs based upon the type of task performed. These findings provide encouraging evidence that understanding the interrelationship between the motivations behind and expectations of asking a question can inform a more holistic framework to assess information.
Taking tweets to the streets: A spatial analysis of the Vinegar Protests in Brazil
Authors: Bastos Marco Toledo , Recuero Raquel da Cunha , Zago Gabriela da Silva
Published: March 2014

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the geographic location of protestors attending demonstrations in the 2013 Vinegar protests in Brazil and the geographic location of users that tweeted the protests. We explored the overlap between different sources of geographic information from Twitter — namely geocode, hashtag, and user profile — provided by multiple samples drawn from a population of three million tweets related to the events and compared the data to the location of protestors attending the street demonstrations. We adjusted the data for the uneven distribution of the population and performed geospatial and spatial clustering analysis over sets of spatial locations. We found evidence for the hypotheses that users tweeting the protests are geographically distant from the street protests and that users from geographically isolated areas rely on Twitter hashtags to remotely engage in the demonstrations.
Genetic parameters for litter size in Black Slavonian pigs
Authors: Skorput Dubravko , Gorjanc Gregor , Dikic Marija , Lukovic Zoran
Published: March 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for litter size of Black Slavonian pigs using the repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models, and to consider the possibility to increase litter size in Black Slavonian pigs by selection. A total of 4733 litter records from the first to the sixth parity from sows that farrowed between January 1998 and December 2010 were included in the analysis. Individual record consisted of the following variables: breeding organisation (eight regions), parity (1-6), service boar, and farrowing season (month-year interaction). Estimation of all the covariance components with three different models was based on the residual maximum likelihood method. Estimate of additive genetic variance and heritability for number of piglets born alive with repeatability model was 0.23 and 0.10, respectively. Estimates of additive genetic variance with multiple trait and random regression model were in a wider range from 0.05 to 0.65 across parities, and heritabilities were estimated in the range between 0.03 and 0.26. Estimates of phenotypic and additive genetic correlations were much smoother with random regression model in comparison with multiple trait model. Due to unexpected changes of variances along trajectory obtained with multiple trait and random regression model, the best option for genetic evaluation of litter size for now could be the use of repeatability model. With increasing number of data with proper data structure alternative modelling of litter size of Black Slavonian pig using multiple trait and random regression model could be taken into consideration.
Estimation of national and regional phosphorus budgets for agriculture in Turkey
Authors: Ozbek Fethi Saban
Published: March 2014

This paper presents national and regional phosphorus (P) budgets for agriculture in Turkey by using Eurostat/OECD common methodology. Regional P budgets presented in this paper are the first estimations for Turkey known to date. In Turkey, the values of P surplus for agriculture (PS) and P use efficiency for agriculture (PUE) in 2011 were 2 kg P ha-1 yr-1 and 77%, respectively. PS values varied from -2 to 15 kg P ha-1 yr-1 among regions in 2011. In 2008, PS and PUE values (0 kg P ha-1 yr-1 and 96%, respectively) were lower than the average EU values (3 kg P ha-1 yr-1 and 104%), including Norway and Switzerland. The relationship between PS values and some socio-economic properties in Turkey regions were also analyzed. According to the results, the correlations of PS with gross domestic product per capita, permanent meadows and pastures share in utilized agricultural area (UAA), population density, illiterate share and arable land share in UAA were statistically significant. We can conclude from the study results that the environmental effect of agricultural phosphorus on water bodies varies greatly both among regions in Turkey and among European countries because of high variations in PS values.
Development of virulence to Meloidogyne incognita on resistant pepper rootstocks
Authors: Ros Ibáñez C. , Robertson Lee , Martinez-Lluch Maria del Carmen , Cano-García Ana , Lacasa-Plasencia Alfredo
Published: March 2014

The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita is a major soil parasite of pepper crops in greenhouses in Southeast Spain. Due to the limitations of the use of soil fumigants, grafting plants on resistant rootstocks (R-rootstocks) has become an important alternative to chemical nematicides. The repeated use of R-rootstocks can bring about the selection of virulent populations capable of overcoming resistance. We carried out a six-year investigation on resistant rootstocks in a naturally M. incognita infested greenhouse, and found that two successive years of growing plants grafted on R-rootstocks Atlante (ATL) were sufficient to overcome resistance (galling index 1.5 and 5.6 in the first and second years respectively). A large variability was observed between several R-rootstocks. Two R-rootstocks (C19 and Snooker) behaved like ATL while two others (Terrano and DRO 8801) were not infected by RKN. Laboratory studies with the same R-rootstocks, inoculated with two nematode isolates (avirulent and virulent against ATL) confirmed the greenhouse results, indicating that some rootstocks may be infested by virulent populations and others may not. It suggests that different R-genes, which are differentially overcome by RKN, have been introgressed into the rootstocks. This may have consequences for the management of resistant rootstocks in the field.
Forecasting olive crop yields based on long-term aerobiological data series and bioclimatic conditions for the southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Aguilera Fátima , Ruiz-Valenzuela Luis
Published: March 2014

In the present study, bio-meteorological models for predicting olive-crop production in the southern Iberian Peninsula were developed. These covered a 16-year period: 1994-2009. The forecasting models were constructed using the partial least-squares regression method, taking the annual olive yield as the dependent variable, and both aerobiological and meteorological parameters as the independent variables. Two regression models were built for the prediction of crop production prior to the final harvest at two different times of the year: July and November. The percentage variance explained by the models was between 83% and 93%. Through these forecasting models, the main factors that influence olive-crop yield were identified. Pollen index and accumulated precipitation, especially as rain recorded during the pre-flowering months, were the most important parameters for providing an explanation of fluctuations in fruit production. The temperature recorded during the two months preceding budburst was another important variable, which showed positive effects on the final yield. The July model that provides accurate predictions of fruit production eight months prior to the final harvest is proposed as an optimal model to forecast fruit produced by olive trees in western Mediterranean areas.
The effect of crop sequences on soil microbial, chemical and physical indicators and its relationship with soybean sudden death syndrome (complex of Fusarium species)
Authors: Perez-Brandan Carolina , Arzeno Jose Luis , Huidobro Jorgelina , Conforto Cinthia , Grumberg Betiana , Hilton Sally , Bending Gary D. , Meriles Jose Manuel , Vargas-Gil Silvina
Published: March 2014

The effect of crop sequences on soil quality indicators and its relationship with sudden death syndrome (SDS, a complex of Fusarium species) was evaluated by physical, chemical, biochemical and molecular techniques. Regarding physical aspects, soybean/maize and maize monoculture exhibited the highest stable aggregate level, with values 41% and 43% higher than in soybean monoculture, respectively, and 133% higher than in bean monoculture. Bulk density (BD) was higher in soybean monoculture, being 4% higher than in bean monoculture. The chemical parameters organic matter, total N, P, K, Mg, Ca, and water holding capacity also indicated that soybean/maize and maize monoculture improved soil quality. Fungal and bacterial community fingerprints generated using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of intergenic transcribed spacer regions of rRNA genes and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, indicated a clear separation between the rotations. Fatty acid profiles evaluated by FAME showed that bean monoculture had higher biomass of Gram (+) bacteria and stress indicators than maize monoculture, while the soybean/maize system showed a significant increase in total microbial biomass (total FAMEs content) in comparison with soybean and bean monoculture. The incidence of SDS (Fusarium crassistipitatum) was markedly higher (15%) under soybean monoculture than when soybean was grown in rotation with maize. In the present work, soil microbial properties were improved under soybean/maize relative to continuous soybean. The improvement of soil health was one of the main causes for the reduction of disease pressure and crop yield improvement due to the benefits that crop rotation produces for soil quality.
Effect of olive mill wastewater on growth and bulb production of tulip plants infected by bulb diseases
Authors: Lykas Christos , Vagelas Ioannis , Gougoulias Nikolaos
Published: March 2014

The effect of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on growth of tulip plants infected by common diseases as well as on their new bulbs production is analyzed in this work. Filtered and sterilized OMW was tested as growth inhibitor of Botrytis tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium spp. mycelium. The effect of filtered OMW on uninfected tulip bulbs was also tested as well as on the growth of bulbs infected with the fungus B. tulipae and A. niger in vivo. The mycelium length, severity of scab-like lesions, plant height (PH), fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) of plants and production of new bulbs were recorded. Only the filtered OMW inhibited the in vitro mycelium growth of all tested fungi. However filtered OMW caused infections when it sprayed on uninfected bulbs, malformations on 30% of the plants grown from these bulbs and decrease PH, FM and DM as well as new bulbs production at 75%, 72.4%, 79.1% and 50% respectively. The treatment of B. tulipae infected bulbs with filtered OMW reduced further the PH, FM, DM and the production of new bulbs in 92.1%, 81.4%, 78.7% and 97% respectively. In contrast the treatment of infected bulbs by B. tulipae + A. niger with filtered OMW did not affect PH, FM and the number of new bulbs produced and significantly improved plants DM and the mass of new bulbs.
Short communication. Effect of soybean meal heat procedures on growth performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Mojarrad Mohaddeseh Tousi , Seidavi Alireza , Dadashbeiki Mohammad , Roca-Fernández Ana Isabel
Published: March 2014

The aim of this research was to study the effect of soybean meal (SBM) heat procedures on growth performance of broiler chickens. A trial was carried out using 200 male Ross 308 strain chickens during 3 feeding periods (starter, grower and finisher, 42 days). The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with 5 treatments giving 4 replications of 10 broilers per treatment. Treatments consisted on: T1 (control, un-processed SBM), T2 (autoclaved SBM: 121ºC, 20 min), T3 (autoclaved SBM: 121ºC, 30 min), T4 (roasted SBM: 120ºC, 20 min) and T5 (microwaved SBM: 46ºC, 540 watt, 7 min). Growth performance of animals was examined by determining body weight (BW), body weight grain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). Higher BW (p<0.05) and BWG (p<0.05) and lower FCR (p<0.05) were found in broiler chickens fed heat processed SBM diets compared to those fed a raw SBM diet, probably due to higher nutrient availability. However, no differences were found among heat SBM procedures (autoclaving, roasting and microwaving) on growth performance of animals for the starter, grower and finisher periods. From the results of this experiment, it is concluded that further research needs to be developed to establish the effect of temperature-time heat procedures on nutritive value of SBM in terms of levels of anti-nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor activity and phytic acid) and amino acids profile and its influence on growth performance of broilers.
The capability of alfalfa grazing- and concentrate-based feeding systems to produce homogeneous carcass quality in light lambs over time
Authors: Ripoll Guillermo , Alvarez-Rodriguez Javier , Sanz Albina , Joy Margalida
Published: March 2014

The effects of grazing on the carcasses and meat of light lambs are unclear, mainly due to variations in weather conditions and pasture production, which affect the growth of lambs and the quality of their carcasses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding systems, which varied in intensification due to the use of concentrate, on the growth and carcass traits of light lambs and the capability of these feeding systems to produce homogeneous lamb carcasses over the course of several years. The average daily weight gain of grazing lambs, but not lambs fed indoors was affected over years. The colour of the Rectus abdominis muscle and the amount of fat were more variable in grazing lambs (from 2.7 to 6.3) than indoor lambs (from 4.5 to 5.1). Grazing feeding systems without concentrate supplementation are more dependent than indoor feeding systems on the year. This climatologic dependence could lead to slaughter of older grazing lambs (77 days) to achieve the target slaughter weight when temperatures are low or the rainfall great. All feeding systems evaluated produced light lambs carcasses with a conformation score from O to R- that is required by the market. Even the potential change in fat colour found in both grazing treatments was not enough to change the subjective evaluation of fat colour.
The Role of Political Philosophy in the Process of Creating Immigration Policies
Authors: Koudelka Josef
Published: March 2014

This article’s aim is to examine the role of political philosophy and the possibilities of how it can help policy- makers to create and evaluate immigration policies more carefully. It should be shown that just policy needs to deal not only with the consequences which affect citizens but also with other impacts on foreigners. Philosophers can at least find ideals which reflect relevant liberal values and analyse if immigration policies and their implantation do not harm important liberal principles. They can also point out the problematic aspects of realistic and idealistic approaches to immigration policy. Then the equality and freedom of citizens and immigrants could be more respected. It is important especially for refugees because their situation can be very difficult when they are able to find a country where they can live.
Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR.
Authors: Čemez Alexander
Published: March 2014

Osyková, Linda. 2012. Volebné kampane politických strán na Slovensku počas 1. ČSR. Bratislava: VEDA SAV Publishing. 274 pages.
Kritická místa v matematice u českých žáků na základě výsledků šetření TIMSS 2007
Authors: Rendl M. , Vondrová N.
Published: March 2014

Cílem empirické studie je popsat kritická místa matematiky základní školy, jak je lze vysledovat z výsledků našich žáků 8. ročníků v TIMSS 2007, a identifikovat pravděpodobné příčiny jejich obtížnosti. V první části je stručně uveden kontext výzkumu – mezinárodní srovnávací výzkumy v matematice a možnosti sekundární analýzy jejich dat. Ve druhé části podrobně popisujeme metodologii výzkumu. Analyzovali jsme data z tzv. almanachů TIMSS (výsledky našich žáků na úrovni konkrétních úloh a odpovědi učitelských dotazníků). K interpretaci možných příčin jsme používali také kurikulární dokumenty a analýzu zřejmě nejpoužívanější řady učebnic matematiky pro základní školy. Stanovili jsme kritérium, podle něhož je možné rozhodnout, zda je výkon našich žáků u dané úlohy pod jejich standardem, přičemž jsme vycházeli z porovnání jejich průměrné úspěšnosti s průměrnou úspěšností mezinárodního souboru. Tak byly identifikovány tzv. slabé a velmi slabé úlohy. Ty byly rozděleny do tří oblastí, které tedy můžeme považovat za místa, která jsou v matematice pro české žáky kritická: Algebra (s podoblastmi Funkce, Substituce, Rovnice a nerovnice, Výrazy), Posloupnosti, Obrazce a tělesa. U každé z těchto oblastí jsou prezentovány slabé a velmi slabé úlohy spolu s nástinem povahy obtíží, které při jejich řešení čeští žáci zřejmě měli, a jejich možných příčin. Ukazuje se, že je nutné získat ještě hlubší vhled do problematiky pomocí klinických rozhovorů přímo se žáky. To bude předmětem dalších článků.
Fenomén putování jako symbol duchovního rozměru osobnostního rozvoje v diskursu zážitkové pedagogiky
Authors: Jirásek I.
Published: March 2014

Text v diskursu filosofie výchovy hledá možná propojení informálního vzdělávání v rámci putovního kurzu Prázdninové školy Lipnice Život je gotickej pes a potenciálního rozvoje spirituálního rozměru lidského způsobu bytí. První část výkladu pojednává o oboru zážitková pedagogika a expedičním kurzu jako příkladu zvoleného diskursu. Druhá část se zaměřuje na spirituální rozměr lidského prožívání a jeho odlišení od témat náboženských. Třetí část konkretizuje spirituální prožitky v rámci popisovaného kurzu a předkládá nový model spirituálního (nenáboženského) putování. Struktura projektů realizovaných metodami zážitkové pedagogiky nabízí potenciál pro uchopení možností, jež s sebou nese nenábožensky pojatá spiritualita. Mezi fenomény strukturující tento rozměr prožívání patří duch, cesta, transcendence, transformace a smysl. Příspěvek tak upozorňuje, že zážitková pedagogika má ve své hloubce velmi blízko ke spiritualitě v její nenáboženské dimenzi a tím i k akcentaci autentického modu existence.
Čtenářská gramotnost v Německu z pohledu výzkumů PISA
Authors: Ježková V.
Published: March 2014

Cílem studie je charakterizovat vývoj čtenářské gramotnosti v Německu od výzkumu PISA 2000 do výzkumu PISA 2009. Po teoretickém vstupu jsou ve studii uvedeny komentované výsledky německých žáků ve čtenářské gramotnosti od roku 2000 do roku 2009, s důrazem na dílčí oblasti této problematiky: rozdíly mezi dobrými a slabými žáky, rozdíly z hlediska sociálního původu, rozdíly mezi pohlavími, rozdíly mezi žáky německými a imigranty. V další části jsou představena hlavní opatření vzdělávací politiky zaměřená na zlepšení čtenářské gramotnosti žáků. Ve shrnutí je stručně bilancován vývoj čtenářské gramotnosti v Německu za dané období. Studie obsahuje částečné porovnání se situací v České republice.
Factors Influencing Acute Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma Among Children in Malaysia
Authors: Yadav Rakhee , Yadav Hematram , Leong Tan Kok
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma among children in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was done to identify the factors influencing acute exacerbation of asthma in the University Malaya Medical Centre. In this study 103 known asthmatic children between the ages of 2 to 12 years were analysed. Among the children, 60% had a family history of asthma, 39% allergic rhinitis and only 17% eczema. The main complaints were coryza (84%) and shortness of breath (88%). Majority of the patients were treated as out-patient (58%) and only two were admitted in Intensive Care Unit. The factors that were significantly associated with mild exacerbation compared to a moderate to severe exacerbation was well-controlled asthmatic, good compliance to medications and those who had regular follow up.
Socio-Cultural, Organizational, and Community Level Influences on Physical Activity Levels of Latino Preschool-Age Children: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lindsay Ana C. , Greaney Mary L. , Sussner Katarina M. , Pfeiffer M. Erin , Peterson Karen E.
Published: March 2014

Objectives: As more children grow up in families with immigrant parents of Latino origin, there is a need to understand key influences on physical activity behaviors of young Latino children to prevent obesity in this high-risk group.
Design: We conducted six focus groups with low-income Latina mothers (N = 33) whose preschool-aged children (2-5 years) were enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program in Rhode Island. Data was analyzed using content analysis to identify recurrent themes.
Results: Despite understanding the importance of physical activity for overall health, physical activity was not a top priority for the Latino mothers participating in the focus groups. Mothers reported facing numerous barriers to establishing and maintaining healthful physical activity habits for their preschool-aged children and themselves, particularly financial and socio-cultural barriers. Analyses revealed that Latina mothers perceive the WIC as a program focused on the development and maintenance of healthy eating habits and nutritional status of children and not physical activity.
Conclusions: Recognizing the importance of socioeconomic position and the influence of cultural factors on physical activity is essential if effective prevention and intervention programs for Latino families and their children are to be designed. Study findings emphasize the importance of the family as a central unit of change and suggest that successful interventions to promote physical activity of low-income Latino preschool children must take into account the needs and constraints of the family unit as a whole. The WIC program has the potential to be a venue for promoting awareness of and educating low-income Latino parents about the importance of helping their children develop and maintain early healthful physical activity habits. The WIC program can also play an important role in facilitating access and creating programs and services that provide increased opportunities for physical activity of young children and their families.
Amount of Zinc Transferred in Breast Milk to Breastfed Moroccan Babies with Normal or Low Birth Weight at 1, 3 and 6 Months After Birth
Authors: Choua Ghizlane , HALOUI Nourddine EL , KARI Khalid EL , AGUENAOU Hassan , MOKHTAR Najat
Published: March 2014

The amount of zinc in breast milk is generally regarded as sufficient to cover the increasing zinc demands of most infants. However, this is not well investigated where stores zinc may be compromised in babies with low birth weight (LBW) who are born with low stores of zinc. In Morocco, this is the first time that the amount of zinc transferred in breast milk has been estimated. This study included 32 mother-baby pairs. In our case study, we aimed to measure The quantity of zinc in mothers’ breast milk with normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW babies who were exclusively or not exclusively breast fed at 1,3 and 6 month after birth. The results showed that the majority of mothers have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 this means that all mothers are overweight during 6 months after birth. Zinc concentration (mg/l) in mothers’ breast milk decreased from first month to six month. p- value showed that for mothers with NBW babies, there is a significant difference between the 1 and 6 month (p=0.0003) and between 3 and 6 month after birth (p=0.0007). For mothers with LBW babies, p-value showed a significant difference between the zinc concentration in breast milk in the 1st and 3rd month (p=0.0007), 1 and 6 month (p< 0.0001) and between 3rd and 6th month after birth (p=0.0056). The rate of NBW babies who were exclusively breastfed was 36.67%, 30.25% and 10% successively in 1st, 3rd and 6th month after birth. For LBW babies, the rate of exclusively breastfed was 15.38%, 7.69% and 2.69% successively in 1st, 3rd and 6th month after birth. Based on the K. Brown study in 2009, we can develop a mathematical equation to our own population using our data: Ln [Zinc] = 0.960 – 0.161*Ln(âge) – 0.187*Ln(âge)2. In conclusion the zinc concentration in milk is within normal range and decreases with the age of the babies. The predicted model of zinc concentration in breast milk was developed and tested.
Détours dans Téléroman de Larry Tremblay
Authors: Guay Hervé
Published: March 2014

Cet article montre que Téléroman de Larry Tremblay emprunte la forme dramatique du « jeu de rêves » théorisée par Jean-Pierre Sarrazac pour brosser à la fois une satire des aficionados de fictions télévisuelles et de danse contemporaine. Sa pièce dépeint des danseurs amateurs en train de répéter une chorégraphie expérimentale, tandis qu’ils se passionnent pour le populaire feuilleton télévisé Piscine municipale. Plutôt que de privilégier la parodie, l’auteur use des détours que sont les fantasmes, l’enfance et les rêves, afin de faire retour sur la culture médiatique dans laquelle baignent ses personnages, culture qui ne manque pas d’influencer leurs comportements. Non seulement il critique les modèles stéréotypés proposés par les séries télévisées, mais il s’en prend à leur caractère prévisible et à leur culte d’un monde axé sur les apparences. L’univers de la danse contemporaine et ses faux génies ne sont pas épargnés non plus dans ce qui se révèle une critique double : des spectacles contemporains comme des comportements irrationnels des téléspectateurs.