bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect Structures during Incubation Period of Void Swelling in Austenitic and Ferritic Alloys Studied by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Huang S. , Miyawaki K. , Tsujikawa K. , Horiki M. , Yoshiie T. , Sato K. , Xu Q. , Troev T.D.
Published: May 2013

In order to understand the vacancy behavior during incubation period before steady state void swelling, positron annihilation lifetime measurements was performed after isochronal annealing of austenitic stainless steel (Ti added modified SUS316SS) and ferritic stainless steel (F82H) irradiated by neutrons and electrons to a dose of 0.2 dpa. By electron and neutron irradiations below 363 K, vacancies and nano-voids containing of few vacancies were formed in both alloys. By increasing annealing temperatures, the lifetime decreased without forming nano-voids. The change of lifetime during the annealing indicated the formation and growth of staking fault tetrahedra (Ti added modified SUS316SS) and the annihilation of vacancies at precipitates (F82H).
Strain development during thermal treatment of steel-based MMC by high energy X-ray diffraction.
Authors: Geandier G. , Dehmas M. , Mourot M. , Gautier E. , Denis S. , Martin O. , Karnatak N.
Published: May 2013

Developments of composites materials had begun in the 1970's. They aimed in improving mechanical properties due to the presence of reinforcement particles. The addition of particles in a matrix led to different modifications: considering the nature of the phases and the microstructure, we can mention interface reactivity between matrix and particles, changes in the chemical composition of the matrix and modified kinetics of microstructure evolution in the matrix (as compared to the matrix without particles); considering the mechanical aspects, thermal stresses may be generated due to the differences in expansion coefficients between the particles and the matrix, or any changes in the matrix leading to a phase transformation. In the present work, we studied the evolution of the phases and the behavior of a steel based MMC during thermal treatments, for which a phase transformation occurred on cooling. Experiments and numerical simulation are considered.
Electrochemical Investigation into the Dissolution Mechanism of Anodic Oxide Films on Silicon
Authors: Liu Dongqing , Blackwood Daniel J.
Published: May 2013

Electropolishing of p-type silicon has been investigated over a wide range of HF concentrations (0.01-11 wt. %) by potentiodynamic polarization. Oxide dissolution rates were determined from the plateau current densities observed in the electropolishing region during the reverse sweeps; i.e. where the growth and dissolution rates of the anodic oxide film are believed to be equal. Based on the shape of the CV curves the oxide dissolution process was treated as a corrosion process controlled by the dissolution of a salt film, that is its rate controlled by removal of dissolved products away from the surface rather than reactants to the surface as previously proposed. Although a contribution from HF from bulk to surface cannot be completely ruled out, because the removal of the initial dissolution product can be by either mass transport or further chemical reaction with HF species in solution this mechanism is capable of explaining the dependence of the dissolution rate on HF concentration for the whole range investigated.
Questions from Our Readers: Commentary on “Lamaze in the 21st Century”
Authors: Lothian Judith A.
Published: May 2013

In response to Lamaze International’s latest position paper, “Lamaze in the 21st Century,” the author discusses the concept of normal birth and identifies the need for an advocacy effort in support of normal birth as the standard procedure.
Eat, Drink, and Be Labouring?
Authors: Beggs Jennifer A. , Colleen Stainton M.
Published: May 2013

The practice of restricting oral intake during labour has been and remains controversial. Overall, the nutritional needs of labouring women are poorly understood. This literature review reveals that little evidence exists to support the general restriction of oral intake for all labouring women. Education of health professionals and pregnant women regarding intake in labour is required to encourage collaboration in the development and institution of appropriate policies in keeping with the available evidence for best practice.
Sexuality Issues in Adolescents with a Chronic Neurological Condition
Authors: Sawin Kathleen J. , Buran Constance F. , Brei Timothy J. , Fastenau Philip S.
Published: May 2013

Substantial progress in the medical treatment of individuals with spina bifida (SB) has increased the numbers who survive into adolescence and adulthood. However, sexual health in this population has not received much attention. This study explored the knowledge (SB Sexuality Knowledge Scale), worries (SB Worries Scale), romantic appeal (from Harter’s Self-Perception Scale), and access to sexuality information of a sample of 60 adolescents from a midwestern state. Study participants reported having sexual feelings like their peers, and they knew they could contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) if they were sexually active. However, only a moderate percentage was aware that women with SB are fertile, that adolescent women with SB should take a multivitamin with folic acid, and that latex-free condoms should be used by most adolescents with SB. They did not worry about their ability to make friends; however, these adolescents reported low levels of perceived romantic appeal and they worried about sexuality issues. These sexuality issues were not correlated to measures of SB neurological severity. Although over 50% reported having discussed sexuality with a health professional, 29% reported no one discussed sexuality and SB with them. Data from this study can affect the way health care providers and educators conduct sexuality education in health care and school settings.
Deb’s Page: Catch This!
Authors: Gauldin Deb
Published: May 2013

Athletically challenged prenatal educator and labor nurse finds birthing balls a rather cruel joke.
Perspectives on Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Merseburger Axel S. , Bellmunt Joaquim , Jenkins Cheryl , Parker Chris , Fitzpatrick John M. ,   on behalf of the European Treatment Practices Group.
Published: May 2013

The arrival of several new agents—cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, and radium-223—is changing the treatment options and management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Many other novel agents are also being investigated. As new drugs become approved, new treatment strategies and markers to best select which patients will best respond to which drug are needed. This review article is a summary of a European Treatment Practices Meeting, which was convened to discuss these latest data on novel agents and current treatment strategies in the mCRPC setting.
Radial consolidation model incorporating the effects of vacuum preloading and non-Darcian flow
Authors: KIANFAR K. , INDRARATNA B. , RUJIKIATKAMJORN C.
Published: May 2013

A modified 150 mm Rowe cell equipped with pore water pressure measurement was used to capture the flow relationship during vacuum-assisted radial consolidation. Based on the measured data, a radial consolidation model incorporating the effects of vacuum preloading is proposed, based on a non-linear relationship between the flow velocity and hydraulic gradient. The predictions of the proposed consolidation model are then compared with the predictions based on Hansbo's Darcian and non-Darcian models. The agreement between the proposed model and the measured data is shown, and the advantages of the proposed model compared with the existing models are discussed. An embankment case history taken from the reclamation project at the Port of Brisbane, Australia, was analysed, based on the current solution, and compared with the field measurements.
Exact Stability Calculation for Timber Beams and Columns
Authors: A. C. M. van der Put T.
Published: May 2013

A derivation is given of simplified, exact stability design rules according to limit analysis, applied to timber
beam-columns. These rules are lacking but are necessary to be able to provide real and calculable reliability as is required
according to European pacts and laws. Necessary therefore are the obtained exact combined bi-axial bending, compression
and shear strength equations with the exact equilibrium equations under biaxial loading. As for other materials the
elastic-full plastic limit design approach is applied, which is already known to precisely explain and predict uniaxial bending
strength behavior. The strength derivation is based on choosing the location of the neutral line. This provides the stress
distribution in the beam cross section in the ultimate state for that case, providing the possibility to calculate the associated
ultimate bending moments in both main directions combined with the ultimate normal- and shear forces.
Teaching with Technology: Using Tpack to Understand Teaching Expertise in Online Higher Education
Authors: Benson Susan N. Kushner , Ward Cheryl L.
Published: May 2013

In this study, we used the TPACK profile as a framework for evaluating teaching expertise in higher education. Through interviews and non-participant observation, we created individual TPACK profiles for three professors within a college of education in a large Midwestern university. The profiles illustrate how each professor's degree of Content, Technology, and Pedagogical knowledge levels interact in unique patterns. We conclude that, when instructors' Technology Knowledge is defined solely as their ability to use various technology tools, a balanced and integrated TPACK profile is unlikely. In contrast, instructors who are able to explicitly articulate their understanding and application of Pedagogical Knowledge are more likely to demonstrate TPACK integration.
A Universally Designed for Learning (UDL) Infused Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Practitioners' Model Essential for Teacher Preparation in the 21st Century
Authors: Benton-Borghi Beatrice Hope
Published: May 2013

This article challenges educational computing researchers and teacher educators to consider a merger between universal design for learning and technological pedagogical content knowledge to create a practitioners' model to prepare teachers to graduate with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions needed to teach the full spectrum of learners. Presently, these models are being developed on parallel tracks because of the existing bifurcated system of general (regular) and special education. The two models together would create a cohesive, comprehensive, theoretical model for the preparation of 21st century teachers.
Influence of low-level laser on bone remodeling during induced tooth movement in rats
Authors: Cossetin Eliziane , Janson Guilherme , de Carvalho Maria Goretti F. , de Carvalho Rejane A. , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Garib Daniela
Published: May 2013

Objective:

To analyze the effect of low-level laser on bone remodeling during induced tooth movement in rats.

Materials and Methods:

A diode laser (808 nm, 100 mW, 54 J on an area of 0.0028 cm2) was used. The application was continuous, punctual, and with contact. Forty-two 70-day-old Wistar rats had the maxillary left first molar moved using a force level of 25 g. In two experimental subgroups the movement was performed over 7 days and in three subgroups the movement occurred over 14 days. In the 7-day movement subgroups, one subgroup received laser irradiation on day 1 only; the other subgroup received laser irradiation on days 1, 3, and 5. In the 14-day movement subgroups, one subgroup received laser irradiation on day 1 only; the second on days 1, 3, and 5; and the third on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13. The control group was also divided into two subgroups, and movement occurred over two different periods of treatment (7 days and 14 days) without laser application; these were used as controls for the respective experimental subgroups. Inter-subgroup comparison was performed with Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney and analysis of variance, followed by Tukey tests within the 7- and 14-day subgroups.

Results:

The subgroup with three laser applications showed significantly greater osteoclastic activity and bone resorption than the other subgroups in the 7-day movement subgroups.

Conclusions:

Low-level laser application significantly increased the osteoclastic but not the osteoblastic activity during the initial phases of tooth movement. In addition, the osteoclastic activity was dose-dependent.
Relation Between Serum Free Fatty Acids and Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors From Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Frohnert Brigitte I. , Jacobs David R. , Steinberger Julia , Moran Antoinette , Steffen Lyn M. , Sinaiko Alan R.
Published: May 2013

The objective of this study was to describe longitudinal relations of serum total free fatty acids (FFAs) to insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors from adolescence into adulthood. The cohort included participants in a longitudinal study of obesity and IR with complete data, including anthropometric measures, FFAs, IR measured by euglycemic clamp, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, and insulin at mean 15 and 22 years of age (n = 207) and their parents (n = 272). FFAs and IR were not significantly related at mean 15 years of age but were significantly related at mean age 22 years. FFA did not relate to BMI at either age. FFA at 15 years of age estimated IR at 22 years of age. In parents (mean age 51 years), FFA was significantly correlated with BMI, percent body fat, systolic blood pressure, LDL, and IR. Associations with all risk factors except IR in parents were attenuated by adjustment for BMI. Most 22 years of age correlations with parents were higher than corresponding 15 years of age correlations. This study finds that FFA is associated with IR starting in young adulthood. The relation between FFA and CV risk factors does not become significant until later adulthood. The results support a significant impact of early metabolic dysfunction on later CV risk.
Limitations of IL-2 and Rapamycin in Immunotherapy of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Baeyens Audrey , Pérol Louis , Fourcade Gwladys , Cagnard Nicolas , Carpentier Wassila , Woytschak Janine , Boyman Onur , Hartemann Agnès , Piaggio Eliane
Published: May 2013

Administration of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone or combined with rapamycin (RAPA) prevents hyperglycemia in NOD mice. Also, low-dose IL-2 cures recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice, partially by boosting pancreatic regulatory T cells (Treg cells). These approaches are currently being evaluated in humans. Our objective was to study the effect of higher IL-2 doses (250,000–500,000 IU daily) as well as low-dose IL-2 (25,000 IU daily) and RAPA (1 mg/kg daily) (RAPA/IL-2) combination. We show that, despite further boosting of Treg cells, high doses of IL-2 rapidly precipitated T1D in prediabetic female and male mice and increased myeloid cells in the pancreas. Also, we observed that RAPA counteracted IL-2 effects on Treg cells, failed to control IL-2–boosted NK cells, and broke IL-2–induced tolerance in a reversible way. Notably, the RAPA/IL-2 combination failure to cure T1D was associated with an unexpected deleterious effect on glucose homeostasis at multiple levels, including β-cell division, glucose tolerance, and liver glucose metabolism. Our data help to understand the therapeutic limitations of IL-2 alone or RAPA/IL-2 combination and could lead to the design of improved therapies for T1D.
Dynamical process of complex systems and fractional differential equations
Authors: Hara Hiroaki , Tamura Yoshiyasu
Published: May 2013

Behavior of dynamical process of complex systems is investigated. Specifically we analyse two types of ideal complex systems. For analysing the ideal complex systems, we define the response functions describing the internal states to an external force. The internal states are obtained as a relaxation process showing a “power law” distribution, such as scale free behaviors observed in actual measurements. By introducing a hybrid system, the logarithmic time, and double logarithmic time, we show how the “slow relaxation” (SR) process and “super slow relaxation” (SSR) process occur. Regarding the irregular variations of the internal states as an activation process, we calculate the response function to the external force. The behaviors are classified into “power”, “exponential”, and “stretched exponential” type. Finally we construct a fractional differential equation (FDE) describing the time evolution of these complex systems. In our theory, the exponent of the FDE or that of the power law distribution is expressed in terms of the parameters characterizing the structure of the system.
Implementation and Removal of an Affirmative-Action Quota: The Impact on Task Assignment and Workers’ Skill Acquisition
Authors: Feltovich Nick , Gangadharan Lata , Kidd Michael P.
Published: May 2013

Le Canada et les États-Unis ont des lois qui visent à réduire les inégalités en matière d’emploi et qui ciblent des groupes donnés de citoyens. Les États-Unis ont une longue tradition d’action positive, qui remonte à un décret promulgué par le président Kennedy en 1961; le Canada, pour sa part, a adopté en 1986 une loi sur l’équité en matière d’emploi. Les mesures d’action positive visant à réduire les inégalités en matière d’emploi ont toujours suscité beaucoup de controverse, et de nombreux cas ont été portés devant les tribunaux, ce qui a conduit des États et des provinces à abroger leurs lois. Coate et Loury (1993) ont analysé de façon théorique l’impact de ces actions positives, mais leurs résultats restent toutefois ambigus. Dans cet article, nous avons recours à une expérience de laboratoire pour éclaircir de façon empirique cette ambiguïté.
Intergenerational Implications of Immigration Policy on Apprenticeship Training and the Educational Distribution in Canada
Authors: McDonald James Ted , Worswick Christopher
Published: May 2013

Dans cet article, nous analysons, à partir de données du recensement de 2006, l’incidence et le rendement de la formation en apprentissage chez les hommes parmi les immigrants et les Canadiens nés au pays. Les hommes qui ont immigré au Canada quand ils étaient enfants ainsi que ceux de la première génération qui sont nés au Canada sont plus susceptibles d’avoir suivi une formation en apprentissage s’il y a une forte probabilité que les hommes de la génération de leur père (venant du même pays d’origine) aient suivi une telle formation. Le rendement de cet apprentissage (lié à une scolarité de niveau secondaire) équivaut approximativement à une hausse de 13 % des revenus. Une simulation intercohortes suggère également que des changements à long terme dans les pays d’origine des immigrants sont susceptibles de mener à une réduction du nombre de garçons des cohortes qui commenceront l’école dans les années à venir et qui voudront suivre une formation en apprentissage.
Revenus de travail et rendement des attributs linguistiques au Québec en 2005 et depuis 1970
Authors: Vaillancourt Francois , Tousignant Julien , Chatel-DeRepentigny Joëlle , Coutu-Mantha Simon
Published: May 2013

Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude inédite portant sur le rendement des attributs linguistiques, chez les hommes et chez les femmes, sur le marché du travail au Québec en 2005 et qui a été réalisée grâce aux données du Recensement de 2006. Nous comparons ensuite ces résultats à ceux de la période 1970-2000. En ce qui a trait aux principales constatations qui concernent 2005, notons que, dans tous les groupes linguistiques, les personnes bilingues ont des revenus de travail supérieurs à ceux des personnes unilingues. Quand nous analysons les résultats de la période 1970–2000, nous constatons que l’avantage que les anglophones avaient en 1970 n’existe plus au Québec en 2005.
Trends in Population Growth Inequality across Subnational Jurisdictions in Canada
Authors: Siddiq Fazley , Babins Shira
Published: May 2013

L’apparence globale de la croissance démographique au Canada masque d’importantes inégalités de la distribution de cette croissance entre les régions du pays. Dans cet article, nous montrons que ces disparités existent à la fois entre les provinces et à l’intérieur des provinces. Dans les provinces où l’augmentation de la population est élevée, les régions métropolitaines croissent plus rapidement que les régions non métropolitaines. Dans les provinces où l’augmentation est plus faible, les régions métropolitaines croissent moins rapidement, et les régions non métropolitaines qui décroissent sont plus nombreuses que dans les provinces où l’augmentation de la population est élevée. Quand on compare les données de croissance désagrégées, on note une importante inégalité dans l’augmentation ou la diminution de la population autant entre les provinces qu’entre les divisions de recensement. En évaluant l’ampleur de ce problème, nous espérons favoriser de nouveaux débats sur la question.
The Development of Expanded Snack Product Made from Pumpkin Flour-Corn Grits: Effect of Extrusion Conditions and Formulations on Physical Characteristics and Microstructure
Authors: Nor Norfezah , Carr Alistair , Hardacre Allan , Brennan Charles
Published: May 2013

Pumpkin products confer natural sweetness, desirable flavours and β-carotene, a vitamin A precursor when added as ingredients to extruded snacks. Therefore, a potential use for dried pumpkin flour is as an ingredient in ready-to-eat (RTE) snack foods. Growth in this market has driven food manufacturers to produce a variety of new high value snack foods incorporating diverse ingredients to enhance the appearance and nutritional properties of these foods. Ready-to-eat snacks were made by extruding corn grits with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of pumpkin flour. Snacks made from 100% corn grits were used as control products for this work. The effect of formulation and screw speeds of 250 rpm and 350 rpm on torque and specific mechanical energy (SME, kWh/kg), physical characteristics (expansion ratio, bulk density, true density and hardness) and the microstructure of the snacks were studied. Increasing the screw speed resulted in a decrease of torque for all formulations. When pumpkin flour was added the specific mechanical energy (SME) decreased by approximately 45%. Increasing the percentage of pumpkin flour at the higher screw speed resulted in a harder texture for the extruded products. X-ray tomography of pumpkin flour-corn grit snacks showed that increased levels of pumpkin flour decreased both the bubble area and bubble size. However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in bubble wall thickness were measured. By understanding the conditions during extrusion, desirable nutritional characteristics can be incorporated while maximizing expansion to make a product with low bulk density, a fine bubble structure and acceptable organoleptic properties.
TinyCoAP: A Novel Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Implementation for Embedding RESTful Web Services in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on TinyOS
Authors: Ludovici Alessandro , Moreno Pol , Calveras Anna
Published: May 2013

In this paper we present the design and implementation of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) for TinyOS, which we refer to as TinyCoAP. CoAP seeks to apply the same application transfer paradigm and basic features of HTTP to constrained networks, while maintaining a simple design and low overhead. The design constraints of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require special attention in the design process of the CoAP implementation. We argue that better performance and minimal resource consumption can be achieved developing a native library for the operating system embedded in the network. TinyOS already includes in its distribution an implementation of CoAP called CoapBlip. However, this is based on a library not originally designed to meet the requirements of TinyOS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by a comprehensive performance evaluation. In particular, we test and evaluate TinyCoAP and CoapBlip in a real scenario, as well as solutions based on HTTP. The evaluation is performed in terms of latency, memory occupation, and energy consumption. Furthermore, we evaluate the reliability of each solution by measuring the goodput obtained in a channel affected by Rayleigh fading. We also include a study on the effects that high workloads have on a server.
Metabolic and Transcriptional Reprogramming in Developing Soybean (Glycine max) Embryos
Authors: Collakova Eva , Aghamirzaie Delasa , Fang Yihui , Klumas Curtis , Tabataba Farzaneh , Kakumanu Akshay , Myers Elijah , Heath Lenwood , Grene Ruth
Published: May 2013

Soybean (Glycine max) seeds are an important source of seed storage compounds, including protein, oil, and sugar used for food, feed, chemical, and biofuel production. We assessed detailed temporal transcriptional and metabolic changes in developing soybean embryos to gain a systems biology view of developmental and metabolic changes and to identify potential targets for metabolic engineering. Two major developmental and metabolic transitions were captured enabling identification of potential metabolic engineering targets specific to seed filling and to desiccation. The first transition involved a switch between different types of metabolism in dividing and elongating cells. The second transition involved the onset of maturation and desiccation tolerance during seed filling and a switch from photoheterotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. Clustering analyses of metabolite and transcript data revealed clusters of functionally related metabolites and transcripts active in these different developmental and metabolic programs. The gene clusters provide a resource to generate predictions about the associations and interactions of unknown regulators with their targets based on “guilt-by-association” relationships. The inferred regulators also represent potential targets for future metabolic engineering of relevant pathways and steps in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism in soybean embryos and drought and desiccation tolerance in plants.
Vitamin D Insufficiency and Bone Mineral Status in a Population of Newcomer Children in Canada
Authors: Vatanparast Hassanali , Nisbet Christine , Gushulak Brian
Published: May 2013

Background: Low levels of circulating vitamin D are more likely to be found in those with darker skin pigmentation, who live in areas of high latitude, and who wear more clothing. We examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in newcomer immigrant and refugee children. Methods: We evaluated circulating vitamin D status of immigrant children at the national level. Subsequently, we investigated vitamin D intake, circulating vitamin D status, and total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) in newcomer children living in Saskatchewan. Results: In the sample of newcomer children in Saskatchewan, the prevalence of inadequacy in calcium and vitamin D intakes was 76% and 89.4%, respectively. Vitamin D intake from food/supplement was significantly higher in immigrants compared to refugees, which accords with the significant difference in serum status. Circulating vitamin D status indicated that 29% of participants were deficient and another 44% had inadequate levels of serum 25(OH)D for bone health. Dietary vitamin D intake, sex, region of origin, and length of stay in Canada were significant predictors of serum vitamin D status. Results for TBBMC revealed that 38.6% were found to have low TBBMC compared to estimated values for age, sex, and ethnicity. In the regression model, after controlling for possible confounders, children who were taller and had greater circulating vitamin D also had greater TBBMC. Nationally, immigrant children, particularly girls, have significantly lower plasma 25(OH)D than non-immigrant children. Interpretation: Newcomer immigrant and refugee children are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, which may have serious negative consequences for their health.
Comparison of Satellite-Derived Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature from Meteorological Stations on the Pan-Arctic Scale
Authors: Urban Marcel , Eberle Jonas , Hüttich Christian , Schmullius Christiane , Herold Martin
Published: May 2013

Satellite-based temperature measurements are an important indicator for global climate change studies over large areas. Records from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and (Advanced) Along Track Scanning Radiometer ((A)ATSR) are providing long-term time series information. Assessing the quality of remote sensing-based temperature measurements provides feedback to the climate modeling community and other users by identifying agreements and discrepancies when compared to temperature records from meteorological stations. This paper presents a comparison of state-of-the-art remote sensing-based land surface temperature data with air temperature measurements from meteorological stations on a pan-arctic scale (north of 60° latitude). Within this study, we compared land surface temperature products from (A)ATSR, MODIS and AVHRR with an in situ air temperature (Tair) database provided by the National Climate Data Center (NCDC). Despite analyzing the whole acquisition time period of each land surface temperature product, we focused on the inter-annual variability comparing land surface temperature (LST) and air temperature for the overlapping time period of the remote sensing data (2000–2005). In addition, land cover information was included in the evaluation approach by using GLC2000. MODIS has been identified as having the highest agreement in comparison to air temperature records. The time series of (A)ATSR is highly variable, whereas inconsistencies in land surface temperature data from AVHRR have been found.
Acoustic Emission Detection of Macro-Cracks on Engraving Tool Steel Inserts during the Injection Molding Cycle Using PZT Sensors
Authors: Svečko Rajko , Kusić Dragan , Kek Tomaž , Sarjaš Andrej , Hančič Aleš , Grum Janez
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an improved monitoring system for the failure detection of engraving tool steel inserts during the injection molding cycle. This system uses acoustic emission PZT sensors mounted through acoustic waveguides on the engraving insert. We were thus able to clearly distinguish the defect through measured AE signals. Two engraving tool steel inserts were tested during the production of standard test specimens, each under the same processing conditions. By closely comparing the captured AE signals on both engraving inserts during the filling and packing stages, we were able to detect the presence of macro-cracks on one engraving insert. Gabor wavelet analysis was used for closer examination of the captured AE signals’ peak amplitudes during the filling and packing stages. The obtained results revealed that such a system could be used successfully as an improved tool for monitoring the integrity of an injection molding process.
Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures
Authors: Herr Ulrich , Achinuq Barat , Benel Cahit , Papageorgiou Giorgos , Goncalves Manuel , Boneberg Johannes , Leiderer Paul , Ziemann Paul , Marek Peter , Hahn Horst
Published: May 2013

One of the big challenges of the 21st century is the utilization of nanotechnology for energy technology. Nanoscale structures may provide novel functionality, which has been demonstrated most convincingly by successful applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells introduced by M. Grätzel. Applications in energy technology are based on the transfer and conversion of energy. Following the example of photosynthesis, this requires a combination of light harvesting, transfer of energy to a reaction center, and conversion to other forms of energy by charge separation and transfer. This may be achieved by utilizing hybrid nanostructures, which combine metallic and nonmetallic components. Metallic nanostructures can interact strongly with light. Plasmonic excitations of such structures can cause local enhancement of the electrical field, which has been utilized in spectroscopy for many years. On the other hand, the excited states in metallic structures decay over very short lifetimes. Longer lifetimes of excited states occur in nonmetallic nanostructures, which makes them attractive for further energy transfer before recombination or relaxation sets in. Therefore, the combination of metallic nanostructures with nonmetallic materials is of great interest. We report investigations of hybrid nanostructured model systems that consist of a combination of metallic nanoantennas (fabricated by nanosphere lithography, NSL) and oxide nanoparticles. The oxide particles were doped with rare-earth (RE) ions, which show a large shift between absorption and emission wavelengths, allowing us to investigate the energy-transfer processes in detail. The main focus is on TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Eu3+, since the material is interesting for applications such as the generation of hydrogen by photocatalytic splitting of water molecules. We use high-resolution techniques such as confocal fluorescence microscopy for the investigation of energy-transfer processes. The experiments are supported by simulations of the electromagnetic field enhancement in the vicinity of well-defined nanoantennas. The results show that the presence of the nanoparticle layer can modify the field enhancement significantly. In addition, we find that the fluorescent intensities observed in the experiments are affected by agglomeration of the nanoparticles. In order to further elucidate the possible influence of agglomeration and quenching effects in the vicinity of the nanoantennas, we have used a commercial organic pigment containing Eu, which exhibits an extremely narrow particle size distribution and no significant agglomeration. We demonstrate that quenching of the Eu fluorescence can be suppressed by covering the nanoantennas with a 10 nm thick SiOx layer.
Substituent effect on the energy barrier for σ-bond formation from π-single-bonded species, singlet 2,2-dialkoxycyclopentane-1,3-diyls
Authors: Ye Jianhuai , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Abe Manabu
Published: May 2013

Background: Localized singlet diradicals are in general quite short-lived intermediates in processes involving homolytic bond-cleavage and formation reactions. In the past decade, long-lived singlet diradicals have been reported in cyclic systems such as cyclobutane-1,3-diyls and cyclopentane-1,3-diyls. Experimental investigation of the chemistry of singlet diradicals has become possible. The present study explores the substituents and the effect of their substitution pattern at the C(1)–C(3) positions on the lifetime of singlet octahydropentalene-1,3-diyls to understand the role of the substituents on the reactivity of the localized singlet diradicals.

Results: A series of singlet 2,2-dialkoxy-1,3-diaryloctahydropentalene-1,3-diyls DR were generated in the photochemical denitrogenation of the corresponding azoalkanes AZ. The ring-closed products CP, i.e., 3,3-dialkoxy-2,4-diphenyltricyclo[3.3.0.02,4]octanes, were quantitatively obtained in the denitrogenation reaction. The first-order decay process (k = 1/τ) was observed for the fate of the singlet diradicals DR (λmax ≈ 580–590 nm). The activation parameters, ΔH‡ and ΔS‡, for the ring-closing reaction (σ-bond formation process) were determined by the temperature-dependent change of the lifetime. The energy barrier was found to be largely dependent upon the substituents Ar and Ar’. The singlet diradical DRf (Ar = 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl, OCH2Ar’ = OCH2(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)) was the longest-lived, τ293 = 5394 ± 59 ns, among the diradicals studied here. The lifetime of the parent diradical DR (Ar = Ph, OCH2Ar’ = OCH3) was 299 ± 2 ns at 293 K.

Conclusion: The lifetimes of the singlet 1,3-diyls are found to be largely dependent on the substituent pattern of Ar and Ar’ at the C(1)–C(3) positions. Both the enthalpy and entropy effect were found to play crucial roles in increasing the lifetime.
K.a.S.
Authors: Bruno Pierre
Published: May 2013

Résumé L’objet de ce texte est d’extraire les acquis essentiels de l’article de Lacan « Kant avec Sade » et d’en proposer une lecture qui précise et développe les deux versants du fantasme, statique et dynamique.
L'interprétation de l'inconscient
Authors: Guérin Nicolas
Published: May 2013

Résumé Le travail du rêve qui consiste, avec Lacan, dans le passage d’une jouissance à l’inconscient peut être considéré comme une interprétation au sens où l’inconscient interprète et où son interprétation est le rêve. Cette thèse réinterroge non seulement ce qu’est le rêve mais aussi ce qu’est une interprétation et comment s’articulent l’interprétation de l’inconscient et l’interprétation psychanalytique.
Hilda Doolittle : écriture sur le mur
Authors: Meyer zum Wischen Michael , Muller Elisabeth
Published: May 2013

Résumé En 1933, l’écrivaine américaine Hilda Doolittle commença son analyse chez Sigmund Freud à Vienne. Cette cure fut orientée par un événement hallucinatoire vécu en 1920 à Corfou. Il s’agissait d’une écriture sur un mur, que Freud fit lire après coup à son analysante comme un poème. Hilda Doolittle put alors s’identifier à son écriture poétique : son sinthome. Au centre de cette écriture se trouvait la lettre S, qui fonctionna comme nouage de trois registres R, S, I pour H. D. dont nous examinons les cordonnées. Une lettre isolée permit à Hilda Doolittle de lier les dimensions de la religion, de l’art et de la science présentes dans sa famille mais restées sans nouage pour elle jusqu’à sa cure analytique.
La poupée mise à nu par ses célibataires
Authors: Fierens Christian
Published: May 2013

Résumé La « poupée » tient lieu d’objet de satisfaction procuré par une science toute-puissante. Mais elle est sans voix et sans désir. Le problème serait de pouvoir lui greffer la dimension de la parole et avec elle du désir. Cette greffe n’est pas possible en raison de l’incompatibilité de l’objet cause du désir avec l’objet satisfaisant. Le concept oxymorique des « poupées qui parlent » est introduit par Jacques Nassif par la lecture d’une série de grands écrivains. Il permet de penser la division du sujet à nouveaux frais ; il éclaire le processus de l’analyse, l’objet a, la fonction et la fiction du phallus, la place du transfert et de la voix.
« Tombé hors du temps »
Authors: Poutet Laurence
Published: May 2013

Résumé Comment faire face à la perte incommensurable d’un être cher ? Comment retrouver le chemin de la vie sans se trahir ni trahir l’amour ? Tombé hors du temps, ce chant d’espoir funèbre est la réponse singulière de l’écrivain David Grossman.
Sortir de la débilité...
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean
Published: May 2013

Résumé Est-il possible de faire un autre usage que débile du savoir si le discours analytique n’existe pas ? Sans doute la cure, rectification subjective aidant, permet à l’analysant de « lire entre les lignes » ce qui ne saurait que s’y mi-dire. Encore faut-il que l’analyste se prête au jeu et s’efface derrière le bout de réel avec lequel le sujet a rendez-vous. Fin de la débilité ? Pas encore : il semble qu’il faille encore s’expliquer sur cette découverte et que quelques autres consentent à écouter. Le dispositif de la passe semble prendre acte de ce simple fait : on ne sort pas de la débilité tout seul.
Operative Decisions for Endoscopic Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Damert Hans-Georg , Altmann Silke , Infanger Manfred , Kraus Armin
Published: May 2013

The authors review the relevant anatomy and provide technical tips for endoscopic decompression of the cubital tunnel. Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression syndrome in the upper extremity. Until recently, surgeons focused on open decompression combined with submuscular or subcutaneous transposition of the nerve. Decompression was usually limited to the region of the medial epicondyle, and related morbidity was relatively high. Endoscopic decompression is a promising technique because the dissection range can be extended and the scar length can be reduced. The authors review the relevant anatomy for the endoscopic approach and give some recommendations concerning the details of the surgical technique.
Long Bone Osteomyelitis in Adults: Fundamental Concepts and Current Techniques
Authors: Sanders Julia , Mauffrey Cyril
Published: May 2013

Osteomyelitis is challenging for orthopedic surgeons. The fundamental basis of osteomyelitis treatment is wide surgical debridement. A variety of operative techniques exist for soft tissue coverage and segmental bony stabilization; however, extensive resection remains the crucial starting point in a comprehensive treatment plan. Antibiotic therapy continues to be a cornerstone of adjuvant therapy; nevertheless, the length of treatment is still debated. With ever-increasing antimicrobial resistance rates, targeted therapy based on accurate cultures has become imperative. Osteomyelitis requires a multidisciplinary team prepared to formulate an individualized surgical and medical plan for each patient. The aim of the current article is to highlight and summarize the current concepts in the management of long bone osteomyelitis.
Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Following Primary THA
Authors: Issa Kimona , Naziri Qais , Johnson Aaron J. , Memon Talha , Dattilo Jonathan , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: May 2013

Physical therapy following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is intended to maximize a patient’s range of motion and function and improve the quality of life. No universally accepted standard of care exists for physical therapy among physicians or therapists. However, it may be crucial to enhance efforts to more fully elucidate contributing parameters that affect patient experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various factors contributing to patient satisfaction with postoperative physical therapy. One hundred consecutive patients (110 hips) who underwent THA were prospectively surveyed for satisfaction with postoperative physical therapy. All surveys were filled out anonymously by the patients, and investigators were blinded to clinical outcomes and who was surveyed. Seventy-six percent of patients reported being satisfied with their rehabilitation experiences. Factors, including patient age and sex, duration of therapy, number of patients per session, continuity of care with the same therapist, amount of hands-on time spent with the therapist, number of patients per session, and total number of sessions completed, were significantly correlated with patient satisfaction. Co-pay amount did not significantly affect patient satisfaction. These factors may be underappreciated by physicians and physical therapists. To maximize patient satisfaction with physical therapy, physicians should identify institutions whose therapists are willing to spend adequate hands-on time during one-on-one or small-group sessions while maintaining the greatest possible continuity of care with a single provider.
Efficiency of Ligamentotaxis Using PLL for Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fractures in the Load-sharing Classification
Authors: Jeong Won-Ju , Kim Joon-Woo , Seo Dong-Kyo , Lee Hyun-Joo , Kim Jun-Young , Yoon Jong-Pil , Min Woo-Kie
Published: May 2013

The use of pedicle screws for short-segment implants has been known to be dangerous in patients who score a 7 or higher on McCormack’s classification. The efficiency of ligamentotaxis of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and short-segment implants and fusion in relation to McCormack’s classification has not been proven. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological results of indirect decompression using PLL ligamentotaxis between patients with a high- (score of 7 or higher) or low-grade (score of 6 or less) fracture.

Eighteen patients (19 levels) in the low-grade fracture group were compared with 23 patients (27 levels) in the high-grade fracture group. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores; radiologic measures were determined using the spinal canal area and mean sagittal diameter; and the complications were evaluated and compared. A significant improvement in each groups was found in the mean pre- and postoperative spinal canal area, mean sagittal diameter, Cobb’s angle, and anterior vertebral height compression rate. A significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the mean pre- and postoperative spinal canal area, mean sagittal diameter, and anterior vertebral height compression rate. Moreover, the VAS and ODI scores continued to significantly improve at the last follow-up in each group. No difference was found in the prevalence of complications.

Despite a high score, no significant difference was found in the clinical and radiological results and the complications. Therefore, indirect decompression using PLL ligamentotaxis was found to be a useful technique for patients who recieve a high McCormack’s classification score.
Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma With CT-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermoablation
Authors: de Palma Luigi , Candelari Roberto , Antico Ettore , Politano Rocco , Luniew Eugenio , Giordanengo Maurizio , Di Giansante Silvio , Marinelli Mario , Paci Enrico
Published: May 2013

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor with a male predominance occurring mainly in children and young adults. The most common symptom is intermittent pain that worsens at night and is at least partially relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of computed tomography–guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation in patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Twenty patients with osteoid osteoma (15 men and 5 women) with a mean age of 20.7 years (range, 4–61 years; 12 patients aged 20 years or younger) underwent computed tomography–guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation. Lesion sites were the femur (n=9), tibia (n=7), pelvis (n=1), talus (n=1), cuneiform bone (n=1), and humerus (n=1). Mean follow-up was 44 months (range, 3–106 months). Pain relief was significant in 95% of patients; it disappeared within 24 hours in 14 patients, within 3 days in 4, and within 7 days in 1. The patient with persistent symptoms underwent another percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation procedure that was successful. The difference between pre- and postoperative pain was significant (
P
⩽.01). No recurrences occurred.

Computed tomography–guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation is a safe, minimally invasive, and economical procedure with high technical and clinical success rates, and it effectively and durably enhances quality of life.