bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased let‐7d‐5p in non‐alcoholic fatty liver promotes insulin resistance and is a potential blood biomarker for diagnosis
Authors: Infante‐Menéndez Jorge , López‐Pastor Andrea R. , González‐Illanes Tamara , González‐López Paula , Huertas‐Lárez Raquel , Rey Esther , González‐Rodríguez Águeda , García‐Monzón Carmelo , Patil Nikita P. , Vega de Céniga Melina , Baker Aaron B. , Gómez‐Hernández Almudena , Escribano Oscar
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

The molecular mechanisms driving non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood; however, microRNAs might play a key role in these processes. We hypothesize that let‐7d‐5p could contribute to the pathophysiology of NAFLD and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker.

Methods

We evaluated let‐7d‐5p levels and its targets in liver biopsies from a cross‐sectional study including patients with NAFLD and healthy donors, and from a mouse model of NAFLD. Moreover, the induction of let‐7d‐5p expression by fatty acids was evaluated in vitro. Further, we overexpressed let‐7d‐5p in vitro to corroborate the results observed in vivo. Circulating let‐7d‐5p and its potential as a NAFLD biomarker was determined in isolated extracellular vesicles from human plasma by RT‐qPCR.

Results

Our results demonstrate that hepatic let‐7d‐5p was significantly up‐regulated in patients with steatosis, and this increase correlated with obesity and a decreased expression of AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF‐I receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (INSR). These alterations were corroborated in a NAFLD mouse model. In vitro, fatty acids increased let‐7d‐5p expression, and its overexpression decreased AKT, IGF‐IR and IR protein expression. Furthermore, let‐7d‐5p hindered AKT phosphorylation in vitro after insulin stimulation. Finally, circulating let‐7d‐5p significantly decreased in steatosis patients and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed its utility as a diagnostic biomarker.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the emerging role of let‐7d‐5p as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD since its overexpression impairs hepatic insulin signalling, and also, as a novel non‐invasive biomarker for NAFLD diagnosis.
Maternal obesity and offspring health: Adapting metabolic changes through autophagy and mitophagy
Authors: Wang Litao , O'Kane Aislinn M. , Zhang Yingmei , Ren Jun
Published: April 2023

Maternal obesity leads to obstetric complications and a high prevalence of metabolic anomalies in the offspring. Among various contributing factors for maternal obesity‐evoked health sequelae, developmental programming is considered as one of the leading culprit factors for maternal obesity‐associated chronic comorbidities. Although a unified theory is still lacking to systematically address multiple unfavorable postnatal health sequelae, a cadre of etiological machineries have been put forward, including lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, and cell death. Hereinto, autophagy and mitophagy play an essential housekeeping role in the clearance of long‐lived, damaged, and unnecessary cell components to maintain and restore cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy/mitophagy has been reported in maternal obesity and negatively impacts fetal development and postnatal health. This review will provide an update on metabolic disorders in fetal development and postnatal health issues evoked by maternal obesity and/or intrauterine overnutrition and discuss the possible contribution of autophagy/mitophagy in metabolic diseases. Moreover, relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies will be discussed in an effort to target autophagy/mitophagy and metabolic disturbances in maternal obesity.
Asymmetric impacts of ICT and energy intensity on agricultural productivity: Evidence from Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Paul Arindam , Sahoo Dukhabandhu , Jena Amrita
Published: April 2023

In the contemporary times of rising food insecurity and malnutrition, the agricultural sector needs more attention. This study aims to investigate the asymmetric impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs), energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality on agricultural productivity for 20 Asia‐Pacific countries from 1990 to 2020. To investigate asymmetric impacts, the study employs the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The estimated results revealed that positive and negative shocks in ICT, energy intensity, and urbanization have asymmetric impacts on agricultural productivity in the long run, whereas symmetry is observed in short‐run impacts. It is found that a 1% increase (decrease) in ICT and urbanization increases (decreases) agricultural productivity by 0.292% (0.662%) and 2.717% (2.759%), respectively, whereas a 1% increase (decrease) in energy intensity decreases (increases) agricultural productivity by 0.252% (0.216%) in the long run. Furthermore, the results of the Dumitrescu‐Hurlin panel causality test point out the existence of bi‐directional causality between agricultural productivity and the independent variables (ICT, energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality). Based on the findings, the study suggests that the Asia‐Pacific countries should increase the application of ICT and use energy more efficiently in agriculture to boost agricultural productivity.
Sports‐related dental injuries and oral health status among Malaysian para‐athletes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Othman Nurul Hanim , Rajali Aiemeeza , Zulkifeli Nik Rahayyu Nik , Shaharuddin Izzati Mohd , Hussein Kamarul Hashimy , Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim Abu
Published: April 2023

Background

Athletes with disabilities may be at an even greater risk of orofacial trauma than their counterparts, and the risk may vary depending on the type of sports. This study aimed to assess the incidence of sports‐related dental injuries and oral health status among Malaysian para‐athletes.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess self‐reported dental injuries and knowledge of their management. An intraoral examination was performed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index following the World Health Organization guidelines.

Results

A total of 61 para‐athletes (men = 90.16%, n = 55; women = 9.84%, n = 6) from different sports categories with different disabilities randomly participated in this study. The incidence of self‐reported dental injuries was 18.0% (n = 11), with the most common injury being crown tooth fracture (72.7%) and lip laceration (63.6%). However, the majority of the athletes (70.5%, n = 43) did nothing after experiencing dental trauma, and 82.0% (n = 50) were unaware of the immediate management of dental trauma. Based on the intraoral examination, only 9.8% (n = 6) of the athletes had perfectly sound teeth. The mean total DMFT index was 3.49 ± 2.371, while the mean DMFT index for decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 1.28 ± 1.293, 0.74 ± 0.705, and 1.48 ± 1.120, respectively. The mean DMFT index for decayed, missing, and filled teeth and total DMFT index significantly differed among the types of disabilities (P < .05) but not between the sexes (P > .05).

Conclusion

The most commonly reported injuries among para‐athletes are crown tooth fractures and lip lacerations. The total DMFT index among para‐athletes is moderate, emphasising the need for improvements.
Synergistic actions of three MYB transcription factors underpins the high accumulation of myricetin in Morella rubra
Authors: Cao Yunlin , Zhang Ruining , Xing Mengyun , Ren Chuanhong , Li Jiajia , Qian Jiafei , Mei Yuyang , Yang Xiaochun , Sun Chongde , Grierson Donald , Chen Kunsong , Xu Changjie , Li Xian
Published: April 2023

Flavonols are health‐promoting bioactive compounds important for human nutrition, health, and plant defense. The transcriptional regulation of kaempferol and quercetin biosynthesis has been studied extensively, while little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying myricetin biosynthesis, which has strong antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. In this study, the flavonol‐specific MrMYB12 in Morella rubra preferred activating the promoter of flavonol synthase 2 (MrFLS2) (6.4‐fold) rather than MrFLS1 (1.4‐fold) and upregulated quercetin biosynthesis. Furthermore, two SG44 R2R3‐MYB members, MrMYB5 and MrMYB5L, were identified by yeast one‐hybrid library screening using the promoter of flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase (MrF3′5′H), and transcript levels of these R2R3‐MYBs were correlated with accumulation of myricetin derivatives during leaf development. Dual‐luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that both MrMYB5 and MrMYB5L could bind directly to MYB recognition sequence elements in promoters of MrF3′5′H or MrFLS1 and activate their expression. Protein–protein interactions of MrMYB5 or MrMYB5L with MrbHLH2 were confirmed by yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. MrMYB5L‐MrbHLH2 showed much higher synergistic activation of MrF3′5′H or MrFLS1 promoters than MrMYB5‐MrbHLH2. Studies with Arabidopsis thaliana homologs AtMYB5 and AtTT8 indicated that similar synergistic regulatory effects occur with promoters of MrF3′5′H or MrFLS1. Transient overexpression of MrMYB5L‐MrbHLH2 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced a higher accumulation of myricetin derivatives (57.70 μg g−1 FW) than MrMYB5‐MrbHLH2 (7.43 μg g−1 FW) when MrMYB12 was coexpressed with them. This study reveals a novel transcriptional mechanism regulating myricetin biosynthesis with the potential use for future metabolic engineering of health‐promoting flavonols.
Two new species of Brazilian Johnstonianidae (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona)
Authors: Costa Samuel Geremias dos Santos , Klimov Pavel B. , Pepato Almir Rogério
Published: April 2023

Two new species, Newellia xakriaba sp. nov. and Centrotrombidium krenak sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona: Johnstonianidae) from Brazilian caves, are described based on vouchering material for which sequences from multiple genes are available. This article expands the geographical range of the genus Newellia André, 1962 known previously only from Angola.
Influence of the etching process on the coating performance in dry tribological contacts
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kalscheuer C. , Carlet M. , Schulze C.
Published: April 2023

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings are utilized for wear protection of gears. The use of PVD coatings in unlubricated contacts is also the subject of several research efforts. A promising approach to reduce wear in dry tribological contacts is the combination of MoS2 and WS2 embedded in CrAlN. One possible way to deposit these coatings is the application of High Power Pulse Magnetron Sputtering (HPPMS) process combined with direct current Magnetron Sputtering (dcMS). A challenge by depositing these coatings with an HPPMS/dcMS process is a sufficient adhesion between the coating and the substrate. The present study focuses on the influence of the etching process on the performance of CrAlN + Mo:W:Sg coatings in dry tribological contacts. Before coating deposition, the substrates were pretreated inside the vacuum chamber by different etching processes. During booster etching, which increases the Ar ionization, the substrate bias UB was varied between UB = −150 and UB = −250 V with steps of ΔUB = −50 V. Furthermore, an HPPMS metal ion etching process was used after booster etching at UB = −150 V for these processes. For HPPMS metal ion etching, the number of HPPMS cathodes was varied between one and two. With respect to the etching process, the morphology, surface roughness, compound adhesion by means of the scratch test as well as the coefficient of friction, and the wear volume of the subsequently deposited coatings were investigated. When increasing the substrate bias UB during booster etching, a reduced compound adhesion was found. Moreover, an increased wear volume was observed after pin-on-disk (PoD) tests. For metal ion etching with one activated HPPMS cathode, the wear volume after the PoD test was decreased compared to the pure booster etching processes. When increasing the number of HPPMS cathodes during metal ion etching, the compound adhesion decreased slightly. The wear volume after PoD tests, in contrast, increased. When only using one HPPMS cathode, the lowest wear volume of all investigated coatings was achieved. The present investigations show the potential of tailoring the etching process in order to increase the performance of PVD coatings. A customized HPPMS metal ion etching process can be used to improve the properties of well-established hard PVD coatings.
Shear rheology of a dilute suspension of thin rings
Authors: Borker Neeraj S. , Koch Donald L.
Published: April 2023

The rheology of suspensions of rings (tori) rotating in an unbounded low Reynolds number simple shear flow is calculated using numerical simulations at dilute particle number densities ( n ≪ 1 ). Suspensions of non-Brownian rings are studied by computing pair interactions that include hydrodynamic interactions modeled using slender body theory and particle collisions modeled using a short-range repulsive force. Particle contact and hydrodynamic interactions were found to have comparable influences on the steady-state Jeffery orbit distribution. The average tilt of the ring away from the flow-vorticity plane increased during pairwise interactions compared to the tilt associated with Jeffery rotation and the steady-state orbit distribution. Particle stresses associated with the increased tilt during the interaction were found to be comparable to the stresses induced directly by particle contact forces and the hydrodynamic velocity disturbances of other particles. The hydrodynamic diffusivity coefficients in the gradient and vorticity directions were also obtained and were found to be two orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding values in fiber suspensions at the same particle concentrations. Rotary Brownian dynamics simulations of isolated Brownian rings were used to understand the shear rate dependence of suspension rheology. The orbit distribution observed in the regime of weak Brownian motion, P e ≫ ϕ T − 3, was surprisingly similar to that obtained from pairwise interaction calculations of non-Brownian rings. Here, the Peclet number P e is the ratio of the shear rate and the rotary diffusivity of the particle and ϕ T is the effective inverse-aspect ratio of the particle (approximately equal to 2 π times the inverse of its non-dimensional Jeffery time period). Thus, the rheology results obtained from pairwise interactions should retain accuracy even for weakly Brownian rings ( n ≪ 1 and ϕ T − 3 ≪ P e ).
Comparative Investigation of Expression of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Genes in the Rat Hippocampus after Focal Brain Ischemia and Central LPS Administration
Authors: Kalinina Tatyana S. , Shishkina Galina T. , Lanshakov Dmitriy A. , Sukhareva Ekaterina V. , Onufriev Mikhail V. , Moiseeva Yulia V. , Gulyaeva Natalia V. , Dygalo Nikolay N.
Published: April 2023

Among the responses in the early stages of stroke, activation of neurodegenerative and proinflammatory processes in the hippocampus is of key importance for the development of negative post-ischemic functional consequences. However, it remains unclear, what genes are involved in these processes. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the expression of genes encoding glutamate and GABA transporters and receptors, as well as inflammation markers in the hippocampus one day after two types of middle cerebral artery occlusion (according to Koizumi et al. method, MCAO-MK, and Longa et al. method, MCAO-ML), and direct pro-inflammatory activation by central administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Differences and similarities in the effects of these challenges on gene expression were observed. Expression of a larger number of genes associated with activation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation, glutamate reception, and markers of the GABAergic system changed after the MCAO-ML and LPS administration than after the MCAO-MK. Compared with the MCAO-ML, the MCAO-MK and LPS challenges caused changes in the expression of more genes involved in glutamate transport. The most pronounced difference between the responses to different challenges was the changes in expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinases genes observed after MCAO, especially MCAO-ML, but not after LPS. The revealed specific features of the hippocampal gene responses to the two types of ischemia and a pro-inflammatory stimulus could contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diversity of the post-stroke consequences both in the model studies and in the clinic.
Butterfly blues: population genetic assessment of wild lupine (Lupinus perennis L.) in endangered Karner blue butterfly habitat around central-west Michigan
Authors: Partridge Charlyn G. , Nyamai Priscilla , Hoskins Alexis , Parks Syndell
Published: April 2023

Habitat degradation can have significant effects on native species inhabiting natural ecosystems. Within oak barrens and oak–pine barrens ecosystems, there is a complex interspecies interaction between the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly ( Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and its obligate host plant, wild lupine ( Lupinus perennis L.). Recruitment of wild lupine is critical for maintaining butterfly populations; however, this recruitment can be impeded by habitat fragmentation. Reduced recruitment can result in low genetic diversity in isolated populations, limiting its adaptive potential to respond to environmental change. This study was aimed at understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of wild lupine populations throughout central and west Michigan. We identified significant population structure across most of the populations sampled, with only two sites not significantly different from each other. No sites within our study area displayed statistically significant levels of inbreeding. There are also at least two genetic clusters of wild lupine present within our study region, although there is significant overlap among these groups, indicating that genetic differentiation among clusters may be limited.
The woody plant Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey.) provides new insights into the self-thinning relationship and size inequality with wind erosion stress
Authors: Li Yanxia , Liu Enbo , Mi Kangkang , Song Yuyang
Published: April 2023

The self-thinning process and size inequality of plants change with age and wind erosion stress conditions. In this study, we used Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A. Mey.) shrubs in their juvenile stage (1–6 years) as the study subjects. Their density, height, and survival were investigated. The relationship between the mean and variation in the densities was calculated using Taylor’s power law, and the change laws of the density clustering state were analyzed. Additionally, changes in size inequality and the self-thinning process were examined. The results indicated that under the same wind erosion stress, the self-thinning slope was positive ( P < 0.05); the shrub density aggregation of H. ammodendron became denser with increasing wind erosion stress. The size inequality first increased and then decreased as the developing stage progressed. Under the same stress, the competition index increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing stress. We demonstrated that under a harsher microenvironment for plant growth, plants’ clustering and growth increased facilitation, resulting in a shift in the net effect of the positive and negative interactions between individuals. Furthermore, the results revealed that as age increased, the size inequality was left-skewed.
On the nonorientable 4-genus of double twist knots
Authors: Hoste Jim , Shanahan Patrick D. , Van Cott Cornelia A.
Published: April 2023

We investigate the nonorientable 4-genus [Formula: see text] of a special family of 2-bridge knots, the double twist knots [Formula: see text]. Because the nonorientable 4-genus is bounded by the nonorientable 3-genus, it is known that [Formula: see text]. By using explicit constructions to obtain upper bounds on [Formula: see text] and known obstructions derived from Donaldson’s diagonalization theorem to obtain lower bounds on [Formula: see text], we produce infinite subfamilies of [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. However, there remain infinitely many double twist knots where our work only shows that [Formula: see text] lies in one of the sets [Formula: see text], or [Formula: see text]. We tabulate our results for all [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] up to 50. We also provide an infinite number of examples which answer a conjecture of Murakami and Yasuhara.
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Image Synthesis Using DCGAN and Classification of DR Using Transfer Learning Approaches
Authors: Devi Yerrarapu Sravani , Kumar S. Phani
Published: April 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) refers to a diabetes complexity that immensely impacts the eyes. This is classified into 5 various stages of the severity in accordance with the international convention. Despite that, optimization of a grading model to have a robust generalizability needs a huge number of balanced training data that is very complicated to gather, especially for greater levels of severity. A vast amount of medical data is complex and has a very high-priced method which requires cooperation between the clinics and researchers. The issue is usually attempted to be figured out with the usage of the traditional methods of data augmentation by making certain changes to images of retina dataset for instance rotation, cropping, size and zooming. In this suggested paper, the latest methods or techniques of data augmentation is exhibited which is called as deep convolutional generative adversial network (DC-GAN) and variational auto encoders (VAE). This is a particular method which is responsible for the production of artificial medical images. In addition to this, to improve DR, we can also take the aid of the classification models which are resnet50, densenet201, InceptionV3 and VGG19 for the purpose of classification of the eye related diseases. The proposed method is depicted on the Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology Society (APTOS)-Blindness dataset. First, the present-day online data augmentation techniques have been utilized, and the artificial images of retina are produced by the ease of DCGAN. Then, a method of classifying is used for both techniques. Ultimately, after the method training which is done by using the real & synthetic clinical images and the outcome exhibits which the proposed model determines every stage or phase of DR and achieve the accuracy of 98.66% with using of ResNet-50 which is contrary to the current existing techniques.
Role of Arterial Compliance in Assessing the Biomechanical Properties of Arteries in Systole and Diastole and in Hypertension
Authors: Li John K-J. , Kerkhof Peter L. M. , Kaya Mehmet
Published: April 2023

The biomechanical properties of arteries play a crucial role in governing the overall hemodynamic function of the circulatory system. The nonuniformity in elastic and geometric structures of the blood vessels adds on to the complexity in dealing with pulsatile natures of blood pressure and flow. Short-term or chronic changes in arterial wall properties subjecting to distending pressure and perfusing flow make quantification of arterial compliance especially important in its use in describing the overall arterial function. This paper will first review the methodologies of determining arterial compliance in systole, in diastole and varying throughout the entire cardiac cycle. The stroke volume-to-pulse pressure method, the linear Windkessel model-based approaches and the nonlinear pressure-dependent compliance model method to derive arterial compliance are presented. The clinical relevance and implications are highlighted accordingly, in particular, the consequences of hypertension and aging.
Prose2Poem: The Blessing of Transformers in Translating Prose to Persian Poetry
Authors: Khanmohammadi Reza , Mirshafiee Mitra Sadat , Rezaee Jouryabi Yazdan , Mirroshandel Seyed Abolghasem
Published: April 2023

Persian poetry has consistently expressed its philosophy, wisdom, speech, and rationale based on its couplets, making it an enigmatic language on its own to both native and non-native speakers. Nevertheless, the noticeable gap between Persian prose and poems has left the two pieces of literature mediumless. Having curated a parallel corpus of prose and their equivalent poems, we introduce a novel Neural Machine Translation approach for translating prose to ancient Persian poetry using transformer-based language models in an exceptionally low-resource setting. Translating input prose into ancient Persian poetry presents two primary challenges: In addition to being reasonable in conveying the same context as the input prose, the translation must also satisfy poetic standards. Hence, we designed our method consisting of three stages. First, we trained a transformer model from scratch to obtain an initial translations of the input prose. Next, we designed a set of heuristics to leverage contextually rich initial translations and produced a poetic masked template. In the last stage, we pretrained different variations of BERT on a poetry corpus to use the masked language modelling technique to obtain final translations. During the evaluation process, we considered both automatic and human assessment. The final results demonstrate the eligibility and creativity of our novel heuristically aided approach among Literature professionals and non-professionals in generating novel Persian poems.
Potential Therapeutic Mechanism of Radix Angelicae Biseratae and Dipsaci Radix Herb Pair against Osteoarthritis: Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Xi Yujiang , Zhao Ting , Shi Mingqin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Bao Yanyuan , Gao Jiamei , Shen Jiayan , Wang Hui , Xie Zhaohu , Wang Qi , Li Zhaofu , Qin Dongdong
Published: April 2023

Background. A major contributor to older disability is osteoarthritis. Radix Angelicae Biseratae (known as Duhuo in China, DH, the dried rhizome of Angelica pubescens) and Dipsaci Radix (known as Xuduan in China, XD, the dried rhizome of Dipsacus asper Wall) herb pair (DXHP) is widely used to treat osteoarthritis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms still have not been revealed. This research aimed to illustrate the therapeutic mechanism of DXHP against osteoarthritis through the techniques of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. Gene targets for osteoarthritis and active ingredients for DXHP were screened based on the pharmacology public database and the gene‐disease target database. The software program Cytoscape was used to visualize the active chemical target‐disease gene network. The STRING biological information website was used to investigate protein interactions. On the Metascape bioinformatics website, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out. The molecular docking of the important chemicals and primary targets identified by the aforementioned screening was performed using Autodock software. Results. Twenty‐six active substances from the DXHP that had strong connections to 138 osteoarthritis‐related targets were screened out. According to network analysis, TNF, GAPDH, IL‐6, AKT‐1, IL‐1B, and VEGFA are prospective therapeutic targets, while osthole, cauloside A, ammidin, angelicone, beta‐sitosterol, and asperosaponin VI may be significant active components. 1705 biological processes (BP), 155 molecular functions (MF), and 89 cellular components (CC) were identified by GO analysis. KEGG analysis indicated that IL‐17, NF‐kappa B, HIF‐1, MAPK, and AGE‐RAGE signaling pathways are potentially involved. Molecular docking showed that cauloside A, osthole, and β‐sitosterol have excellent binding activity with main targets. Conclusions. This study comprehensively illuminated the active ingredients, potential targets, primary pharmacological effects, and relevant mechanisms of the DXHP in the treatment of OA. These findings provide fresh thoughts into the therapeutic mechanisms of the main active ingredients of DXHP and provide a reference for further exploration and clinical applications of DXHP.
[Retracted] A2/B1 Promotes NRF2 mRNA Stability and Inhibits Ferroptosis and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Huang Yan , Chen Jingjing , Pan Juan , Yang Yifu , Huang Hongwu , Lai Huiping , Yang Lei , Ai Hongyan
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer is a highly harmful malignant tumor, which poses a great threat to women’s body and mind, and the mortality rate ranks second among all women’s diseases. The incidence rate accounts for 7‐10% of various malignant tumors in the whole body, second only to uterine cancer in women, and has become the main cause of threatening women’s health. Advanced breast cancer is often considered an incurable disease. The family of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes is composed of about 20 hnRNP proteins with molecular weights ranging from 32 to 120 kDa, and they are named according to their molecular weights. Among them, hnRNPA2 and hnRNPB1 are the two most important members of the hnRNP family, both derived from the same gene on chromosome 7p15. Therefore, research to understand the molecular mechanism and process of breast cancer progression has an important role in promoting the current medical research on breast cancer treatment methods. Therefore, studying the mechanism of tumorigenesis is the key to tumor prevention and treatment. Therefore, this paper proposes that A2/B1 promotes the stability of NRF2 mRNA and inhibits ferroptosis and cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. The article mainly introduces the disease diagnosis method based on artificial neural network and its neural network algorithm. In the experimental part, the activity of hnRNP A2/B1 on cancer cells is deeply studied. The results show that the absorbance of the MTT method increases continuously with the extension of the culture time, and the maximum reaches 1.2. This fully shows that its absorption capacity is very strong, especially after 24 hours, the absorption rate rises from 0.6 to 0.9, which shows that 24 hours is the best absorption time. And it can also be found that hnRNPA2/B1 has a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells; it can reduce the effect on breast cancer cell cycle and apoptosis.
Design and Parameter Optimization of Trajectory Correction Control Strategy for Air Duct Structure Projectile
Authors: Cui Silin , Liu Xing , Jiang Shoushan , Wu Wei
Published: April 2023

In order to make the new air duct structure trajectory correction projectile have good dynamic correction control effect, the control strategy of the projectile’s correction mechanism is studied in this paper. A design method of trajectory correction control strategy based on particle swarm optimization-cuckoo search (PSO-CS) hybrid algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal control parameters that can make the projectile flight stable and correct accurately. Firstly, the mathematical model of the air duct structure projectile is established. Secondly, the multiobjective optimization problem is analyzed. The projectile’s correction control strategy optimization model is established by taking the start control time, the number of corrections, the correction working time, and the interval time as the control variables. The optimization model innovatively considers the influence of the correction action on the flight stability of the projectile and the influence of the start control time on the correction range. Finally, the PSO-CS hybrid algorithm is used to design the calculation method of the optimization model and solve the optimal correction working parameters. The simulation results indicate that the control strategy optimization model can be solved by the proposed calculation method. Moreover, optimal correction working parameters of the correction mechanism in the current state can be obtained. Compared with the results of using single PSO algorithm and CS algorithm, the correction scheme calculated by PSO-CS hybrid optimization algorithm is better. This correction control scheme can effectively reduce the impact point deviation and make the projectile flight stable. At the same time, the circular error probable (CEP) of the projectile after correction is reduced from 42.3 m to 4.6 m while the impact point dispersion is lowered. The research results show that the design method of correction control strategy proposed in this paper is effective for trajectory correction of the new air duct structure projectile.
Competencies Required to Deliver a Primary Healthcare Approach in the Occupational Therapy: A South African Perspective
Authors: Naidoo Deshini , Van Wyk Jacqueline Marina
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The South African government introduced a reengineered primary healthcare approach to promote universal health coverage. The approach was to ensure equitable, efficient, and quality health services for consumers in private and public healthcare sectors. The transition toward a more comprehensive primary healthcare approach to intervention requires occupational therapists who predominantly worked in private and hospital settings to extend their services to clients who previously would have had little access to such services. This study was conducted to identify the key competencies required by occupational therapists to deliver appropriate primary healthcare services to communities from previously disadvantaged periurban and rural areas. Methods. An exploratory, qualitative study design was used. Through the use of policy documents and data from key informants (

n
=
5

), established therapists (

n
=
14

), and novice occupational therapy graduates (

n
=
39

), the study identified and mapped the stakeholders’ perspectives of the competencies required by graduates to practice in periurban and rural settings in KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Data was collected using semistructured interviews, a focus group discussion, a document review of the university’s curriculum, and the local and global regulatory documents. A framework based on the seven roles of the university’s competency framework informed the data analysis process. The seven roles are health practitioner, communicator, collaborator, health advocate, leader and management, scholar, and professional. Findings. Participants highlighted the need for graduates to have adequate knowledge and understanding of the impact of the Department of Health policies and social determinants of health on occupation and the client’s health. They also needed to be suitably skilled in culturally sensitive communication, negotiating shared goals with the stakeholders, and managing a department. Graduates needed to be socially accountable and develop services to advocate for their clients. Conclusion. The study offered insights into the essential graduate competencies identified by the stakeholders and recommended measures to prepare rehabilitation graduates for service delivery in primary healthcare contexts.
A Novel Combined Regularization for Identifying Random Load Sources on Coal‐Rock Structure
Authors: Liu Ruohan , Ren Chunping
Published: April 2023

This study discusses the practical engineering problem of determining random load sources on coal‐rock structures. A novel combined regularization technique combining mollification method (MM) and discrete regularization (DR), which was called MM‐DR technique, was proposed to reconstruct random load sources on coal‐rock structures. MM‐DR technology is compared with DR, Tikhonov regularization (TR), and maximum entropy regularization (MER) in load reconstruction. The results show that the reconstructed random load sources are more consistent with the real load sources using MM‐DR technique combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and L‐curve method, which was named as PSO‐L method, and selecting optimal ω value of kernel function is beneficial to overcome the ill‐posed of random load sources reconstruction and to obtain the stable and approximate solutions. The method proposed in this study provides a theoretical basis for the recognition of coal‐rock interface.
Evolving LSTM Networks for Time‐Series Classification in EdgeIoT
Authors: Cui Pei , Li San , Jiang Kaina , Liu Zhendong , Sun Xingkai
Published: April 2023

We proposed a novel approach to evolve LSTM networks utilizing intelligent optimization algorithms and address time‐series classification problems in EdgeIoT. Meanwhile, a new optimizer called cultural society and civilization (CSC) algorithm is proposed to reduce the probability of stagnated in the local optima and increase the convergence speed. The suggested method could relieve the problem that the traditional data mining and pattern extraction methods cannot guarantee high accuracy and are hard to deploy on terminal devices. The proposed CSC algorithm and CSC‐optimized LSTM model is examined on benchmark problems and demonstrates remarkable superiority over traditional methods and can be applied to support EdgeIoT for learning and processing.
Study on Stress Disturbed Mechanism and Supporting Method of Weakly Cemented Roadway near Chambers
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: April 2023

After excavation of the weakly cemented roadway adjacent to the chambers, deformation characteristics such as roof subsidence, roadway extrusion, and floor heave appear, showing the characteristics of large deformation of surrounding rock, long deformation duration, and serious damage, which are not conducive to guaranteeing safety mining. Based on the technical means of the rock mechanical property test, mineral composition analysis, in situ stress test, and surrounding rock deformation monitoring of 2# coal roadway in Hongqingliang coal mine, a numerical simulation study on the influence of surrounding rock stress on adjacent chamber groups was carried out. The physical and mechanical properties of the weakly cemented rock were obtained, the stress distribution law of the 2# coal roadway was mastered, the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the weakly cemented roadway were obtained, and the deformation and failure mechanism of the weakly cemented roadway adjacent to the chambers were revealed. The relationship between the regional stress increment of the chambers and the failure range of the surrounding rock of the roadway is revealed, establishing a mechanical model of allowable deformation + stress release + controlled form with U-shaped steel as the main structure. The roadway support countermeasures were given and applied in engineering practice.
A Collaborative Spectrum Sensing Algorithm Based on Reputation Update against Malicious User Attacks
Authors: Du Hong , Chen Long
Published: April 2023

In cognitive radio networks, collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) algorithms could improve spectrum detection performance; however, most explorations are based on reliable network environments. In the real network environment, there may be malicious users that bring wrong spectrum sensing results and attacks designed by them remarkably reduce the spectrum efficiency. In order to resist the attacks of malicious users, this paper proposes a CSS method based on the reputation update. By setting an appropriate reputation threshold, the user fusion center selects the sensing user with a higher reputation to participate in the CSS. Each user’s reputation value is then updated according to whether its local sensing result matches the final judgment result. This article chiefly discusses scenarios for application of three information fusion rules. The simulation results reveal that the proposed approach with reputation update outperforms the conventional CSS algorithm for a variety of judgment rules. The proposed algorithm is capable of preventing lower reputation users from participating in the CSS, filtering out malicious users, and eliminating the impact of malicious users’ attacks.
Phase Portraits and Traveling Wave Solutions of Fokas System in Monomode Optical Fibers
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Zhao
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the bifurcation and traveling wave solution of the Fokas system in monomode optical fibers by using the method of planar dynamical system. Firstly, the Fokas systems are reduced to two-dimensional planar dynamic system by using the traveling wave transformation. Secondly, by selecting fixed parameters, the phase portraits are drawn by using the Maple software. Finally, the Jacobi elliptic function solutions, the hyperbolic function solutions, and trigonometric function solutions of the Fokas system are obtained.
Determination of Flight Parameters of a Sprayer UAV According to the Disease in Corn Crops at the Reproductive Stage
Authors: Vera-Vaca Claudia V. , Acosta-Lúa Cuauhtémoc , Pérez-Cruz José H. , Vaca-García Claudia C.
Published: April 2023

Despite the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for pest control, there are still possibilities to optimize the spraying process by selecting the flight parameters of the operations involved, such as flight speed and height, according to the penetration of droplets that is sought to have in the corn plant. In this research, the flight parameters that the operators should select according to the type of disease they treat in corn crops were determined. To achieve this, first, a survey of the main diseases that attack corn crops in the region was carried out along with their location in the plant. Subsequently, flight tests were carried out selecting speeds of 2.80, 4.75, and 5.97 m/s and heights of 2.00, 2.75, and 3.50 m. The plants’ cover rates at the three different heights (top, middle, and bottom) were collected by hydrosensitive strips and scanned by the SnapCard scanning software. The use of statistical techniques allowed understanding the impact that flight parameters had on the coverage rate and droplet penetration: the higher the speed, the lower the coverage rate in the upper part of the plant and the higher the coverage rate in the lower part. On the other hand, the lower the height, the higher the coverage rate and droplet penetration.
An In Vivo CRISPR Screen Identifies That SNRPC Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Lu Xun-Xi , Yang Wen-Xiao , Pei Yu-Chen , Luo Hong , Li Xiao-Guang , Wang Yun-Jin , Zhang Guo-Liang , Ling Hong , Shao Zhi-Ming , Hu Xin
Published: April 2023

Dysregulation of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) is one of the characteristics of cancer. Investigating the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of abnormal RBPs can help uncover new cancer biomarkers and treatment strategies. To identify oncogenic RBPs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we employed an in vivo CRISPR screen and a TNBC progression model, which revealed small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide C (SNRPC), a subunit of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP), as a key modulator of TNBC progression. SNRPC was frequently upregulated, which corresponded to poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. SNRPC ablation significantly impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SNRPC was essential for the stability of U1 snRNP and contributed to the RNA Pol II–controlled transcriptional program. Knockdown of SNRPC decreased RNA Pol II enrichment on a subset of oncogenes (TNFAIP2, E2F2, and CDK4) and reduced their expression levels. Furthermore, SNRPC deletion was confirmed to inhibit TNBC progression partially through regulation of the TNFAIP2-Rac1–β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, this data suggests that SNRPC plays an oncogenic role in TNBC, is a marker of poor prognosis, and may be a valuable therapeutic target for patients with intractable TNBC.

Significance:

A functional CRISPR screen identifies SNRPC as an RNA-binding protein that promotes the aggressiveness of breast cancer by facilitating Pol II–controlled transcription of oncogenes.
MMP9 Clears the Way for Metastatic Cell Penetration Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: McCarty Joseph H.
Published: April 2023

Although brain metastases are 10-fold more prevalent than primary brain cancers, relatively little is understood about the genes and pathways that promote metastatic cell entry, growth, and survival in the brain. Hence, determining how metastatic tumors colonize the brain and thrive within the neural microenvironment is a topic of both fundamental importance and direct clinical relevance. In this issue, a report by Karreman and colleagues explores pathways that are exploited by metastatic tumor cells to arrest in the circulation, cross the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB), and thrive in the brain microenvironment. The authors used elegant imaging tools including intravital fluorescence microcopy and serial reconstruction of ultrastructural sections to analyze BBB breach and subsequent colonization of the brain. They show that matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) plays a central role in these events. Pharmacologic or genetic targeting of MMP9 significantly reduced penetration across the BBB and limited micrometastasis formation. Surprisingly, extravasation and brain colonization does not involve significant degradation of canonical MMP9 protein targets such as collagen and laminin in vascular basement membranes, indicating the requirement for other extracellular matrix (ECM) or non-ECM substrates for MMP9. Collectively, these new and important findings reveal cell–cell adhesion and signaling events between cerebral endothelial and metastatic cancer cells as well as identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent metastatic tumor cell dissemination in the brain.

See related article by Karreman et al., p. 1299