bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focusing on the Weakest Link: A Similarity Analysis on Phishing Campaigns Based on the ATT&CK Matrix
Authors: Shin Youngsup , Kim Kyoungmin , Lee Jemin Justin , Lee Kyungho
Published: April 2022

In the past, phishing techniques were a common means of attack carried out by individuals or small groups via spam mail on a randomly selected target. However, in recent years, phishing techniques have been adopted by advanced persistent threat (APT) groups to attack organizations such as the Sony Pictures Enterprise and Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power. As such, our study aims to analyze the past campaigns conducted by the APT groups. We aim to propose a countermeasure that corresponds to the phishing campaign by collecting datasets pertaining to the phishing techniques. Based on our past study, we collected private and public data from 16 different cases that utilize a phishing attack. Our research adopted MITRE’s ATT&CK framework and tactic, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to extract and examine the various campaigns. The framework proposed in this study makes considerable contributions to both the private and public sectors, as the framework aids the organizations in counteracting the malicious threats performed by the APT groups.
Research on a Comprehensive Index System for Regional Patent Evaluation
Authors: Yu Lixia , Zhan Xinrui , Zhao Xingxin , Liu Yunqing
Published: April 2022

With the rapidly increasing number of patent applications in China, each applicant tends to accumulate the quantity of patent, but not the improvement of patent quality. Therefore, the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) has recently issued a package of notification, which aims to reverse the status quo. However, existing methods of regional patent evaluation still emphasize on quantity rather than quality indices, which leads to biased evaluation results. In this paper, we establish a comprehensive index system for regional patent evaluation. The indicators of the system consist of four dimensions, including quantity, quality, structure, and coordination. This aims to provide a path of high-quality development for regional patent work. Based on the patent data of each city in Sichuan Province in 2020, this paper validated the effectiveness of the comprehensive evaluation system and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.
Research on Rice Yield Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Han Xiao , Liu Fangbiao , He Xiaoliang , Ling Fenglou
Published: April 2022

Food is the paramount necessity of the people. With the progress of society and the improvement of social welfare system, the living standards of people all over the world are constantly improving. The development of medical industry improves people’s health level constantly, and the world population is constantly climbing to a new peak. With the continuous development of deep learning in recent years, its advantages are constantly displayed, especially in the aspect of image recognition and processing, it drives into the distance. Thanks to the superiority of deep learning in image processing, the combination of remote sensing images and deep learning has attracted more attention. To simulate the four key factors of rice yield, this article tries a regression model with a combination of various characteristic independent variables. In this article, the selection of the best linear and nonlinear regression models is discussed, the prediction performance and significance of each regression model are analyzed, and some thoughts are given on estimation of actual rice yield.
Student Public Opinion Management in Campus Commentary Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Shen Ling , Xu Minghong
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the needs of network public opinion analysis and crisis public opinion early warning in colleges and universities, the semantic sentiment analysis method is studied in this paper. Most of the public opinion information comes from short text comment information, and its text is separated from the written language, the structure becomes simpler, and it lacks normativity, which brings certain difficulties to the extraction of text features. Traditional sentiment analysis methods often rely on emotional dictionaries and feature extraction, and with the continuous change of Internet culture, a technical help is needed to make even the dictionary updated. Based on the analysis and study of attention mechanism and deep learning related technologies, an LSTM model is proposed to mine the deep semantic characteristics of text, which can accurately determine its emotional tendency. The main tasks are as follows: according to the CNN and LSTM text processing, CNN can better extract the local features of the text, and LSTM can retain the text history information and effectively extract the global features of the sequence. The CBOW model is optimized to pay more attention to the feature vectors that affect the classification results during the calculation process. Finally, the improved model in this paper compares the accuracy, recall rate, loss rate, and F1 value of the traditional model to indicate the performance evaluation index of the model.
Reduced Air Pollution during the Prevailing of COVID-19 Pandemic: Five Years Observation and Path Analysis in the Fenwei Plain, Northwest China
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Sun Wanlong
Published: April 2022

Heavy pollution in North China has attracted extensive attention in recent decades, and numerous studies have been conducted in developed regions, while studies on the heavily polluted Fenwei Plain in Northwest China are still scarce. In this study, we analyzed the continuous air pollution records of Weinan city on the Fenwei Plain from 2016 to 2020 to provide specific prevention and control strategies for the region. From 2016 to 2020, pollutant concentrations showed an overall decreasing trend, with a slight increase in O3 concentration. The study found that during the COVID-19 lockdown period, O3 was also significantly affected by the lockdown policy. During the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, anthropogenic emissions were reduced due to restraints on commercial and social activities. NO2 responds sensitively during COVID-19, and PM2.5 has a delayed response. We applied pathway analysis to investigate the contribution of different pollutants and meteorology to PM2.5. The results show that CO and NO2 have the largest positive comprehensive effect, while wind speed and temperature have the largest negative comprehensive effect. Spearman’s correlation analysis shows that NO2 contributes significantly to O3 production in different AQI ranges. We advocate that the NOx should be given more attention and become the new focus of air control.
An Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of the Potential Mechanisms Involved in Propofol Affecting Hippocampal Neuronal Cells
Authors: Zhuang Zhao , Li Dajiang , Jiang Mengmeng , Wang Ye , Cao Qianqian , Li Shenfeng , Luan Ruixue , Sun Lina , Wang Shoushi
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to probe the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of propofol on HT22 cells. HT22 cells treated with different concentrations were sequenced, and then the results of the sequencing were analyzed for dynamic trends. Expression pattern clustering analysis was performed to demonstrate the expression of genes in the significant trend modules in each group of samples. We first chose the genes related to the trend module for WGCNA analysis, then constructed the PPI network of module genes related to propofol treatment group, and screened the key genes. Finally, GSEA analysis was performed on the key genes. Overall, 2,506 genes showed a decreasing trend with increasing propofol concentration, and 1,871 genes showed an increasing trend with increasing propofol concentration. WGCNA analysis showed that among them, turquoise panel genes were negatively correlated with propofol treatment, and genes with Cor R >0.9 in the turquoise panel were selected for PPI network construction. The MCC algorithm screened a total of five key genes (CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM). GSEA analysis showed that CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM are involved in the PRION_DISEASES pathway. Our study showed that propofol sedation can affect mRNA expression in the hippocampus, providing new ideas to identify treatment of nerve injury induced by propofol anesthesia.
Driving Factors and Peak Forecasting of Carbon Emissions from Public Buildings Based on LMDI‐SD
Authors: Wang Yongkun , Liang Yang , Shao Liangshan
Published: April 2022

Public buildings, with the increasing level of energy consumption, are a key area of energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s construction industry. In order to reduce carbon emissions of public buildings, realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, the LMDI method is used to construct China’s public building macrocarbon factor decomposition model, identify the main driving factors affecting the change of carbon emissions from public buildings, and build a system dynamics model based on the decomposition results to predict China’s public building carbon emissions peak. The results show that reducing carbon emission coefficient and reducing energy intensity are the main driving factors to restrain the growth of carbon emission from public buildings. Under the base scenario, carbon emissions from public buildings will peak at 1.242 billion tons in 2041. Under the comprehensive regulation of energy structure, economic growth rate, investment level of scientific research and education, and carbon sink capacity, the carbon emissions of public buildings will reach the peak in 2030, and the adjustment of energy structure has a significant impact on the peak and peak time of carbon emissions of public buildings.
Locating Urban Consolidation Centers under Shipper Rationality
Authors: Nourinejad Mehdi , Rooda Matthew J.
Published: April 2022

An urban consolidation center (UCC) is a logistics facility used to combine deliveries of multiple shippers for reducing freight traffic in dense urban areas. Despite their benefits, such as reducing less-than-truckload deliveries, former applications of UUCs have faced backlash from shippers that were forced to use them even though they did not experience any cost savings. Such failures are often due to an unsuitable location of the UCC and the additional costs of facility operation and maintenance that are unfairly divided between the shippers. This paper introduces shipper rationality to measure the willingness of shippers to use an optimally located UCC. We use a continuum approximation approach to derive the routing costs of the shippers as closed-form expressions. We present three objective functions depending on the preference of the regulatory agency that chooses the location of the UCC, allowing rational shippers to join only if they experience cost savings from the UCC. We discuss influential factors in the optimal location of a UCC, including the customer density of each shipper, the establishment cost of the UCC, and the location of each shipper’s fulfillment center.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica and Graphene‐Based FeO and ZnO Nanocomposites for Nutritional Biofortification and Sustained the Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Durgude Shubham A. , Ram Shri , Kumar Rajeew , Singh Shiv Vendra , Singh Virendra , Durgude Anil G. , Pramanick Biswajit , Maitra Sagar , Gaber Ahmed , Hossain Akbar
Published: April 2022

Considering nutrient delivery and micronutrient use efficiency problems, mesoporous nanosilica (mNs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐based iron and zinc nanocomposites were formulated. Prepared nanocomposites were characterized for FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, and AAS to examine surface functional groups, morphology, and structural composition. XRD spectrum confirmation with SAED image of nanosilica and graphene oxide nanocomposites confirms the polycrystalline and crystalline nature with 30–70‐nm crystal size. The SEM revealed that the modified surface of mesoporous nanosilica and reduced graphene oxide are well‐distributed clusters and are composed of targeted micronutrients. The impact of nano Fe and Zn foliar application was evaluated on rice grain fortification, productivity, and micronutrient use efficiency. The iron and zinc uptake at 60 days after sowing (DAT) and at harvest was significantly increased with foliar application of mNs and rGO‐based Zn at 30 ppm + Fe at 5 ppm nanocomposites as well as led to nutrient fortification by increasing grain uptake and content, with the application of 30 ppm zinc and 5 ppm iron through mNs resulted in an improvement of the rice grain yield by 53% over conventional fertilization. Besides significant increment in grain yield, foliar application of mNs and rGO‐based nanocomposites (Zn at 30 ppm + Fe at 5 ppm) increased the Zn and Fe use efficiency by 527 and 380%, respectively, over conventional micronutrient fertilization (ZnSO4 and FeSO4).
Actinidia deliciosa Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Changes in Pancreatic α-, β-, and δ-Cells and Immunohistochemical and Histological Architecture in Diabetic Rats
Authors: El-Demerdash Fatma M. , Talaat Yousra , Ghanem Nora F. , Kang Wenyi
Published: April 2022

The present study evaluated the antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic effect of Actinidia deliciosa in diabetic rats. Rats were grouped as follows: control, Actinidia deliciosa aqueous extract (ADAE, 1 g/kg, daily and orally), streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, single intraperitoneal dose), and STZ plus ADAE, respectively. Twenty-eight components were detected by GC-MS analysis with high phenolic contents and high DPPH scavenging activity. In vivo results revealed that rats treated with STZ showed a highly significant elevation in blood glucose and a decrease in insulin hormone levels. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide levels were elevated, while bodyweight, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic antioxidants were significantly decreased. Furthermore, histopathological and immunohistochemical insulin expression, besides ultrastructure microscopic variations (β-cells, α-cells, and δ-cells), were seen in pancreas sections supporting the obtained biochemical changes. Otherwise, rats supplemented with ADAE alone showed an improved antioxidant status and declined lipid peroxidation. Moreover, diabetic rats augmented with ADAE showed significant modulation in oxidative stress markers and different pancreatic tissue investigations compared to diabetic ones. Conclusively, ADAE has a potent antioxidant and hypoglycemic influence that may be utilized as a health-promoting complementary therapy in diabetes mellitus.
Aspartic Acid- and Glycine-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica as an Effective Adsorbent to Remove Methylene Blue from Contaminated Water
Authors: Alswieleh Abdullah M.
Published: April 2022

In this work, aspartic acid- and glycine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Asp-MSNs and Gly-MSNs) were successfully prepared and applied as adsorbents for removal of methylene blue (MB) from contaminated water. The mesoporous structure of the fabricated nanomaterials was confirmed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption with specific surface area of ca. 700 m2/g and pore volume of 0.9 cm3/g for both Asp-MSNs and Gly-MSNs. The average size of the nanoadsorbents was estimated to be ca. 290 nm as characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The physical and chemical properties of the Asp-MSNs and Gly-MSNs were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, and elemental analysis. Asp-MSNs and Gly-MSNs exhibited good adsorption performance for removal of cationic organic dyes (MB). The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Asp-MSNs and Gly-MSNs was found to be 55 mg·g−1 and 43 mg·g−1, respectively, under the optimal conditions. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order equation exhibited good correlation with the isotherm and adsorption kinetic data for MB, respectively.
Evaluation of Pollution Status and Detection of the Reason for the Death of Fish in Chamo Lake, Ethiopia
Authors: Reddythota Daniel , Teferi Timotewos Mosisa
Published: April 2022

Chamo Lake is the third largest rift valley lake and one of the major economic sources for the communities in the Southern region, Ethiopia. The lake’s quality is deteriorating due to the untreated wastewater, and sediment inflow resulting in the death of fish was observed during the dry season. The research aims to determine the water quality status using water quality indices, in addition to identifying the reason for the death of fish in the dry season in Chamo Lake. The water samples were drawn from 5 sampling points by composite sampling method during the dry and wet seasons of the year, and we analyzed 22 water quality parameters. Ammonia (14–23.6 mg/l), phosphates (0.30–1.10 mg/l), BOD (25.32–60 mg/l), COD (40–160 mg/l), and chlorophyll (19.64–31.87 μg/L) concentrations were above the permissible limits, and DO (5.20–6.70 mg/l) was below the acceptable limit in the lake as per EPA standards concerning temperature. The values of both the water quality indices of CCMEWQI (13.90–18.40) and NSFWQI (38.59–49.63) indicated that the water quality was “poor” and “bad,” respectively. The death of fish might be due to high concentrations of ammonia and nutrients in the dry season.
Numerical Investigation on Shear Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam by Using Ferrocement Composite
Authors: Megarsa Edosa , Kenea Goshu
Published: April 2022

This study presents an extensive analytical investigation of the shear performance of reinforced concrete beams by using ferrocement composite as transverse reinforcement. Nonlinear finite element simulation was conducted in Abaqus 6.14 software package. Fifteen beam models were selected under two-point loading. The main parameters considered includes the diameter, spacing, number of layers of wire mesh, and its combination with stirrups. The results testified that as the diameter and number of layers of wire mesh increased, the ultimate failure load, shear capacity, and stiffness of the model specimen also increased. However, as the number of layers becomes greater than three, no significant change happens in the shear performance of the beam. In another way, the failure load, shear capacity, and stiffness of the beam models are decreased, as the spacing between wire mesh is increased. Furthermore, the study confirmed that under the same weight criteria, the shear performance of RC beam specimens with wire mesh and its combination with stirrups as shear reinforcement is greater than specimens with stirrups only. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is conducted in MS excel to access the effect of each independent variable on the ultimate failure load of the RC beam.
Machine Learning Methods to Detect Voltage Glitch Attacks on IoT/IIoT Infrastructures
Authors: Jiang Wei
Published: April 2022

A majority of modern IoT/IIoT digital systems rely on cryptographic implementations to provide satisfactory levels of security. Hardware attacks such as side-channel analysis attacks or fault injection attacks can significantly degrade and even eliminate the desired level of security of the infrastructure in question. One of the most dangerous attacks of this type is voltage glitch attacks (VGAs), which can change the intended behavior of a system. By effectively manipulating the voltage at a specific time, an error can be injected that can change the intentional conduct and bypass system security features or even extract confidential information such as encryption keys by analyzing incorrect outputs of the firmware. This study proposes an innovative VGAs detection system based on advanced machine learning. Specifically, an innovative semisupervised learning methodology is used that utilizes a hybrid combination of algorithms. Specifically, a heuristic clustering method is used based on a linear fragmentation of group classes. In contrast, the ELM methodology is used as an algorithm for retrieving hidden variables through convex optimization.
Internet Financial Risk Management in the Context of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Kai
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the emergence of big data and artificial intelligence technology has made Internet finance a brand new development model in the new era. As an emerging financial format, Internet finance plays an important role in providing people with convenient and efficient services. However, due to the late start in this regard and the imperfect related policies and regulations, China is currently still in the development stage, resulting in its risk management system not being mature and complete and lacking uniformity. There are also many regulatory deficiencies, which are not conducive to the healthy, stable, and continuous growth and progress of Internet finance. In the new situation, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on the security of China's Internet finance. Therefore, how to effectively manage Internet financial risks in the context of big data and artificial intelligence has become a topic of research. This study uses questionnaire analysis and data analysis to understand the distribution of risks and the importance of risk response measures through questionnaire surveys. According to the survey results, in the eyes of most interviewees, the ratios of operational risk, credit risk, platform operation risk, and lack of law and reputation risk in high-risk areas are 0.15, 0.3, 0.29, 0.51, and 0.1, respectively. The risks of these first-level indicators need to be particularly important and need to be effectively avoided to manage Internet financial risks. In addition, the most important risk response measures are the construction of information security, followed by the improvement of relevant laws and regulations. In their view, only from these aspects can we effectively control risks internally and externally.
Comparison of the Saponins in Three Processed American Ginseng Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Guo Na , Bai Yuxin , Huang Xin , Liu Xiaokang , Cai Guangzhi , Liu Shuying , Guo Yunlong , Gong Jiyu
Published: April 2022

A method with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was applied for the quality evaluation of different processing and drying of American ginseng, including natural drying (ND), steam drying (SD), and vacuum freeze-drying (VFD). A total of 51 saponins were successfully identified in three processed products. Three processed American ginseng products were well-differentiated in orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The S-plot also identified the marker compounds in each product, while the major ginsenosides of ND (malonyl (M)-Rd, M-Rb1, Rg1), SD (20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (S)-Rg2), and VFD (M-Rd, M-Rb1) were found. The results indicate that the method by vacuum freeze-drying can retain the content of rare ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides. The marker compounds selected will benefit the holistic evaluation of related American ginseng products.
Short-Term Spinal Cord Stimulation or Pulsed Radiofrequency for Elderly Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sheng Lei , Liu Zihao , Zhou Wang , Li Xiaojun , Wang Xin , Gong Qingjuan
Published: April 2022

Background. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common and severe complication after varicella-zoster infection, especially in elderly patients. PHN is always refractory to treatment. Both pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and short-term spinal cord stimulation (stSCS) have been used as effective analgesia methods in clinic. However, which technique could provide better pain relief remains unknown. Objectives. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of PRF and stSCS in elderly patients with PHN. Study Design. A prospective, randomized-controlled study. Setting. Department of Pain Management, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Methods. A total of 70 elderly patients with PHN were equally randomized to the PRF group or stSCS group. Patients in the PRF group received PRF treatment, while patients in the stSCS group received stSCS treatment. The primary outcome was the effective rate. The secondary outcomes included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), and the pregabalin dosage. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at different postoperative time points. Results. At 12 months after surgery, the effective rate reached 79.3% in stSCS group, while 42.1% in PRF group. The effective rate was significantly higher in the stSCS group than in the PRF group at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. VAS scores decreased significantly at each postoperative time point in both groups (

P
<
0.001

). The VAS scores were significantly lower in the stSCS group than in the PRF group at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. SF-36 scores (bodily pain and the physical role) were significantly improved at each postoperative time point in both groups (

P
<
0.001

). The SF-36 scores were significantly higher in the stSCS group than in the PRF group at some postoperative time points. The pregabalin dosage was significantly lower in the stSCS group than in the PRF group at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Limitations. A single-center study with a relatively small sample size. Conclusions. Both PRF and stSCS are effective and safe neuromodulation techniques for elderly patients with PHN. However, stSCS could provide better and longer-lasting analgesic effect compared to PRF.
A Finite Element Analysis Approach to Explain Sensitivity Degradation in Force Sensing Resistors Based on Conductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Matute Arnaldo , Paredes-Madrid Leonel , Altuve David , Palacio Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

Force sensing resistors (FSR) based in conductive polymer composites (CPC) are a cost-effective alternative to load cells for force measurement. Nevertheless, their physical characteristics related to rheological features provoke some drawbacks such as hysteresis, drift, low repeatability, and sensitivity degradation (SD), which is a concerning issue when final application involves periodic loading. Although it is already known that SD is a voltage-related phenomenon and practical considerations to avoid it have been published, a more theoretical approach was yet missing. This study provides a set of finite element analysis (FEA) simplified models to shed light on the situations that favor degradation based in a time-dependent mechanical study considering rheological parameters and how they influence interparticle tunneling conduction. Also, a stationary electrostatic analysis with special scope in contact resistance and its influence in equipotential surfaces arousal. Simulation results show how the effect of contact resistance bends equipotential surfaces favoring conduction through time-increasing interparticle gaps, which is a direct consequence of the low Poisson ratio of considered polymers.
Computation of Revan Topological Indices for Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Salamat Nadeem , Hussain Khan Riaz , Abaid Ullah Muhammad , Hameed Muhammad Shazib , Pandit M. K.
Published: April 2022

Phenol‐formaldehyde resin has a wide range of moldings. The phenolic resin retains properties at the freezing point; hence, it is difficult to determine its age. However, it has immense consumption in manufacturing electrical equipment due to its insulating property. There are many types of topological indices such as degree‐based topological indices, distance‐based topological indices, etc. Topological indices correlate some physiochemical properties of chemical compounds. In this article, the degree‐based topological indices of phenol‐formaldehyde resin have been determined. Furthermore, the Revan index, hyper Revan index, modified Revan index, sum connectivity Revan index, harmonic Revan index, and inverse Revan index have been calculated.
Perimeter Degree Technique for the Reduction of Routing Congestion during Placement in Physical Design of VLSI Circuits
Authors: Lakshmanna Kuruva , Shaik Fahimuddin , Gunjan Vinit Kumar , Singh Ninni , Kumar Gautam , Shafi R. Mahammad
Published: April 2022

When used in conjunction with the current floorplan and the optimization technique in circuit design engineering, this research allows for the evaluation of design parameters that can be used to reduce congestion during integrated circuit fabrication. Testing the multiple alternative consequences of IC design will be extremely beneficial in this situation, as will be demonstrated further below. If the importance of placement and routing congestion concerns is underappreciated, the IC implementation may experience significant nonlinear problems throughout the process as a result of the underappreciation of placement and routing congestion concerns. The use of standard optimization techniques in integrated circuit design is not the most effective strategy when it comes to precisely estimating nonlinear aspects in the design of integrated circuits. To this end, advanced tools such as Xilinx VIVADO and the ICC2 have been developed, in addition to the ICC1 and VIRTUOSO, to explore for computations and recover the actual parameters that are required to design optimal placement and routing for well‐organized and ordered physical design. Furthermore, this work employs the perimeter degree technique (PDT) to measure routing congestion in both horizontal and vertical directions for a silicon chip region and then applies the technique to lower the density of superfluous routing (DSR) (PDT). Recently, a metaheuristic approach to computation has increased in favor, particularly in the last two decades. It is a classic graph theory problem, and it is also a common topic in the field of optimization. However, it does not provide correct information about where and how nodes should be put, despite its popularity. Consequently, in conjunction with the optimized floorplan data, the optimized model created by the Improved Harmonic Search Optimization algorithm undergoes testing and investigation in order to estimate the amount of congestion that occurs during the routing process in VLSI circuit design and to minimize the amount of congestion that occurs.
Design and Implementation of Virtual Reality Interactive Product Software Based on Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yi , Sun Junhai
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to improve the interactive needs of artificial intelligence in the virtual reality environment. Based on the in-depth study of the interactive needs of virtual reality, a virtual reality interactive glove based on nine-axis inertial sensor and realized by artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm is designed. The AI deep learning algorithms employed include the KNN, SVM, Fuzzy, PNN, and DTW algorithms. Static gesture recognition is relatively simple, dynamic gesture recognition needs to a dynamic real-time gesture sequence data starting point and end point planning, by building the directed graph structure, quickly retrieving the global optimal solution, and determining gesture starting point, with dynamic planning to solve the minimum distance between two points, avoid the graph, and improve efficiency. The results showed that by 50 gestures such as select object, attract object, zoom object, rotate object, shoot small box, exhale menu, and close the menu, the recognition rate is 100%, 94%, 96%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 100%. The motion data of finger and palm are captured by nine axis sensor, and the gesture recognition is carried out by using artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm. It is proved that the artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm can effectively realize the design of virtual reality interactive product software.
IL-6 Deficiency Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting Mitochondrial ROS Production through the Upregulation of PGC-1α in Septic Mice
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Xiaoming , Sun Xiangran , Shi Jiaofang , Shen Yi , Chen Ren
Published: April 2022

Current evidences indicate that both inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the interaction between inflammation and oxidative stress has not been completely understood in sepsis-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. Here in the present study, a murine model of sepsis has been established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with wild-type and interleukin- (IL-) 6 knockout (KO) mice. Our results suggested that IL-6 KO largely attenuated skeletal muscle atrophy as reflected by reduced protein degradation, increased cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers, and improved muscle contractile function (all

P
<
0.05

). In addition, we observed that IL-6 KO promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator–1alpha (PGC–1α) and inhibited CLP-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscles (all

P
<
0.05

). However, the knockdown of PGC–1α abolished the protective effects of IL-6 KO in CLP-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and reversed the changes in mitochondrial ROS production (all

P
<
0.05

). Ex vivo experiments found that exogenous IL-6 inhibited PGC–1α expression, promoted mitochondrial ROS production, and induced proteolysis in C2C12 cells (all

P
<
0.05

). Together, these results suggested that IL-6 deficiency attenuated skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production through the upregulation of PGC–1α expression in septic mice.
Searching Method of Critical Slip Surface of Slope Based on Improved Wolf Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Ma Jincheng , Shi Chong
Published: April 2022

Determining the critical sliding surface and calculating the safety factor of slope stability are the key problems of slope stability analysis. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the existing wolf swarm algorithm, an improved wolf swarm algorithm is proposed, which abandons the assumption of a circular sliding surface. Then, a multipoint spline curve is introduced to describe the shape of a slope sliding surface. The optimization of the curve can determine the critical slip surface of slope and avoid falling into the local optimum. This method is programmed and implemented in Python, and then, accuracy and reliability are verified through typical slope cases and engineering examples, and the sensitivity analysis of factors that have great influence is carried out. The research results show that the slope sliding surface search method based on the improved wolf swarm algorithm can effectively and quickly determine the critical sliding surface of the slope. Compared with traditional methods, it has higher convergence accuracy and reliability. It provides an effective method for slope stability analysis.
Todo a la vez: cotidianidades de jóvenes universitarios padres/madres en pandemia
Authors: Cardenas-Ramos Zoraida , Chalarca-Carmona Carolina
Published: April 2022

(analítico)La pandemia derivada del covid-19 significó para madres y padres estudiantes universitarios de Manizales (Colombia) experimentar dinámicas cotidianas de simultaneidad del cuidado y la formación académica. A partir del análisis narrativo, se da a conocer la configuración de un escenario que trajo consigo el entrecruzamiento de tiempos individuales, escolares y familiares, generando un entorno dual como sujetos de rendimiento; para las universitarias la oportunidad de estar cerca de sus hijas/hijos, conocer sus actividades de aprendizaje, «verles crecer» configurando una maternidad no delegada, contrastada con una triple exigencia de cumplir con todo: estudio, cuidado y trabajo. Para los universitarios que no conviven con sus hijos/hijas este escenario derivó en un debilitamiento de los vínculos por el distanciamiento social y el surgimiento de la coordinación como alternativa para el cuidado parental.
Palabras clave: Vida familiar; juventud; rendimiento académico; pandemia; organización del tiempo.
Comparison of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children–Related Myocarditis, Classic Viral Myocarditis, and COVID‐19 Vaccine‐Related Myocarditis in Children
Authors: Patel Trisha , Kelleman Michael , West Zachary , Peter Andrew , Dove Matthew , Butto Arene , Oster Matthew E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Although rare, classic viral myocarditis in the pediatric population is a disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Since 2020, myocarditis has been a common component of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In 2021, myocarditis related to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines was recognized as a rare adverse event. This study aims to compare classic, MIS‐C, and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related myocarditis with regard to clinical presentation, course, and outcomes.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study, we compared patients aged <21 years hospitalized at our institution with classic viral myocarditis from 2015 to 2019, MIS‐C myocarditis from March 2020 to February 2021, and vaccine‐related myocarditis from May 2021 to June 2021. Of 201 total participants, 43 patients had classic myocarditis, 149 had MIS‐C myocarditis, and 9 had vaccine‐related myocarditis. At presentation, ejection fraction was lowest for those with classic myocarditis, with ejection fraction <55% present in 58% of patients. Nearly all patients with MIS‐C myocarditis (n=139, 93%) and all patients with vaccine‐related myocarditis (n=9, 100%) had normal left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of discharge compared with 70% (n=30) of the classic myocarditis group (
P
<0.001). At 3 months after discharge, of the 21 children discharged with depressed ejection fraction, none of the 10 children with MIS‐C myocarditis had residual dysfunction compared with 3 of the 11 (27%) patients in the classic myocarditis group.

Conclusions

Compared with classic myocarditis, those with MIS‐C myocarditis had better clinical outcomes, including rapid recovery of cardiac function. Patients with vaccine‐related myocarditis had prompt resolution of symptoms and improvement of cardiac function.
Age‐Dependent Relationship of Hypertension Subtypes With Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Okada Akira , Itoh Hidetaka , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Yamaguchi Satoko , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Node Koichi , Kim Hyeon‐Chang , Viera Anthony J. , Oparil Suzanne , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: April 2022

Background

The prevalence of hypertension subtypes changes with age. However, little is known regarding the age‐dependent association of hypertension subtypes with incident heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

We conducted an observational cohort study including 2 612 570 people (mean age, 44.0 years; 55.0% men). No participants were taking blood pressure–lowering medications or had a known history of cardiovascular disease. Participants were categorized as aged 20 to 49 years (n=1 825 756), 50 to 59 years (n=571 574), or 60 to 75 years (n=215 240). We defined stage 1 hypertension as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80 to 89 mm Hg and stage 2 hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg. Among participants with stage 2 hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension was defined as SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg, isolated systolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg, and systolic diastolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg. During a mean follow‐up of 1205±934 days, 43 415 HF, 4807 myocardial infarction, 45 365 angina pectoris, 22 179 stroke, and 10 420 atrial fibrillation events occurred. Although the incidence of HF and other cardiovascular disease events increased with age, hazard ratios and relative risk reductions of each hypertension subtype for HF decreased with age. An age‐dependent relationship between hypertension subtypes and incident HF was similarly observed in both men and women.

Conclusions

The contribution of isolated diastolic hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, and systolic diastolic hypertension to the development of HF and other cardiovascular disease events was attenuated with age, suggesting that preventive efforts for blood pressure control could provide a greater benefit in younger individuals.
The Integration of a Canonical Workflow Framework with an Informatics
System for Disease Area Research
Authors: Navale Vivek , McAuliffe Matthew
Published: April 2022

A recurring pattern of access to existing databases, data analyses, formulation of new hypotheses, use of an experimental design, institutional review board approvals, data collection, curation, and storage within trusted digital repositories is observable during clinical research work. The workflows that support the repeated nature of these activities can be ascribed as a Canonical Workflow Framework for Research (CWFR). Disease area clinical research is protocol specific, and during data collection, the electronic case report forms can use Common Data Elements (CDEs) that have precisely defined questions and are associated with the specified value(s) as responses. The CDE-based CWFR is integrated with a biomedical research informatics computing system, which consists of a complete stack of technical layers including the Protocol and Form Research Management System. The unique data dictionaries associated with the CWFR for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease resulted in the development of the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Biomarker systems. Due to a canonical workflow, these two systems can use similar tools, applications, and service modules to create findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable Digital Objects. The Digital Objects for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's disease contain all relevant information needed from the time data is collected, validated, and maintained within a Storage Repository for future access. All Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease studies can be shared as Research Objects that can be produced by aggregating related resources as information packages and is findable on the Internet by using unique identifiers. Overall, the integration of CWFR with an informatics system has resulted in the reuse of software applications for several National Institutes of Health-supported biomedical research programs.
Galaxy: A Decade of Realising CWFR Concepts
Authors: Serrano-Solano Beatriz , Fouilloux Anne , Eguinoa Ignacio , Kalaš Matúš , Grüning Björn , Coppens Frederik
Published: April 2022

Despite recent encouragement to follow the FAIR principles, the day-to-day research practices have not changed substantially. Due to new developments and the increasing pressure to apply best practices, initiatives to improve the efficiency and reproducibility of scientific workflows are becoming more prevalent. In this article, we discuss the importance of well-annotated tools and the specific requirements to ensure reproducible research with FAIR outputs. We detail how Galaxy, an open-source workflow management system with a web-based interface, has implemented the concepts that are put forward by the Canonical Workflow Framework for Research (CWFR), whilst minimising changes to the practices of scientific communities. Although we showcase concrete applications from two different domains, this approach is generalisable to any domain and particularly useful in interdisciplinary research and science-based applications.
Two new species of Microlicia (Melastomataceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: GALI LORENA , PACIFICO RICARDO , ALMEDA FRANK , FIDANZA KARINA
Published: April 2022

Microlicia is a Neotropical genus with about 245 species centered in central-eastern Brazil, in areas of campo rupestre and Cerrado. The majority of species occur in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Goiás. Based on specimens from the herbaria ALCB, HUEFS, MBM, SPF, HUFU, and US, we here describe two new species from the Chapada Diamantina region, Microlicia decumbens and Microlicia macaubensis. Microlicia decumbens is apparently endemic to Abaíra municipality, whereas M. macaubensis is known only from Brotas de Macaúbas municipality. We provide morphological descriptions, line drawings, a distribution map, and comparisons with putative relatives for both species.
Key to species of the genus Longicornus Li & Song (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of a new species
Authors: GOU GUANGLI , XING JICHUN
Published: April 2022

A new leafhopper species: Longicornus grossus sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Yunnan Province, China. A key based on the aedeagus is given to distinguish all species of the genus. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
First Artematopodidae from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)
Authors: LI YAN‑DA , KUNDRATA ROBIN , HUANG DI‑YING , CAI CHEN‑YANG
Published: April 2022

Artematopodid fossils from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber are reported for the first time, represented by three species in two genera. Bipogonia Li, Kundrata & Cai gen. nov. with two species, B. trivialis Li, Kundrata & Cai sp. nov. and B. fortis Li, Kundrata & Cai sp. nov., is mainly characterized by the distinctly serrate antennae, mandibles with both apical and subapical teeth, and prosternum without paired longitudinal ridges. Carinibipogonia xiai Li, Kundrata & Cai gen. et sp. nov. shares with Bipogonia the distinctly serrate antennae and mandibles with both apical and subapical teeth but differs mainly in the prosternum with short paired longitudinal ridges. Based on their morphology, the two new genera might be related to the extant Allopogonia; however, this needs to be tested in the future with a phylogenetic framework.
The Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Response to Antarctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Ayres Holly C. , Screen James A. , Blockley Edward W. , Bracegirdle Thomas J.
Published: April 2022

Antarctic sea ice is projected to decrease in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Limited studies so far have examined the coupled atmosphere–ocean response to Antarctic sea ice loss. Here, we isolate the response to Antarctic sea ice loss in the atmosphere and ocean using bespoke sea ice albedo perturbation experiments with HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL, provide the first detailed examination of the global ocean response, and quantify the importance of atmosphere–ocean coupling, through comparison to uncoupled experiments with prescribed Antarctic sea ice loss. Lower-tropospheric warming and moistening over regions of sea ice loss and the nearby Southern Ocean are simulated in both coupled and uncoupled configurations but are of greater magnitude in the coupled model. A weakening and equatorward shift of the tropospheric westerly jet are simulated in both configurations, but are also larger in the coupled model. Ocean coupling allows the warming response to spread northward, and by poleward atmospheric energy transport, back to the Antarctic interior. Warmer tropical sea surface temperatures enhance atmospheric convection, driving upper-tropospheric warming and triggering atmospheric teleconnections to the extratropics, including a weakened Aleutian low. A 20% reduction in Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport and a weakening of the shallow tropical convergence cell are simulated. Surface waters warm and freshen globally, becoming more stratified and stable in the Southern Ocean, with similar changes, but of lesser magnitude, in the Arctic Ocean, where sea ice declines. Our results suggest that the climate effects of Antarctic sea ice loss stretch from pole to pole and from the heights of the tropical troposphere to the depths of the Southern Ocean.