bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Preferential/Prescriptive Marriage and the Function of Kinship Systems: The Rukuba Case (Benue‐Plateau State, Nigeria)1
Authors: MULLER JEAN‐CLAUDE
Published: November 2004

This article examines the relevance of the distinction between preferential and prescriptive marriage through a particular case, that of the Rukuba. It will be shown that the Rukuba people have three distinct conceptual models of prescriptive and preferential marriage for uterine sisters, according to their birth order. The conceptual model is prescriptive for the first two girls and, although the model is only said by the Rukuba to be preferential for the third and following sisters, statistical evidence shows that this marriage is also prescriptive. Since the Rukuba prescriptive marriage is not a kinship marriage but a marriage which nevertheless produces a peculiar systematic delayed exchange of women, some of the recent assumptions propounded by Lévi‐Strauss about the function of kinship systems are criticized.
Operational, Representational, and Explanatory Models
Authors: CAWS PETER
Published: November 2004

This paper offers an interpretation of the concept of social structure in the context of a theory of models, construed as mental structures, conscious or unconscious. Operational and representational models are attributed to members of the society studied, explanatory models to the anthropologists studying them. The social structure is found to have an objective reality but at the same time to be dependent on the existence of the models. And in this it seems to exhibit a general property of objects of the social sciences.
Linguistic Anthropology in Society
Authors: Gumperz John J.
Published: November 2004

Communication problems in post‐industrial society are seen to arise from two interacting factors: cultural differences and differences between lay and technical languages. They are a necessary consequence of the loosening of social boundaries and increasing technological specialization. Thus, they cannot be attributed to cultural or cognitive deprivation. Linguistic anthropology can contribute to a general theory of communication which may re‐orient research paradigms and predict the social effect of the communication gap.
Book Reviews: Ethnology
Authors: Williams Nancy
Published: November 2004

Urban Aborigines. FAY GALE.

Aboriginal Settlements: A Survey of Institutional Communities in Eastern Australia. J. P. M. LONG.
Genetic Variation and Cultural Evolution1
Authors: BEALS KENNETH L. , KELSO A. J.
Published: November 2004

The breakdown of isolation between groups is theoretically expected to increase the amount of variation within groups. One measure of the in‐group variation is the frequency of heterozygosity; this should increase in accordance with the evolution of culture. Concurrently, the variation between groups should diminish. A survey of mean AB, MN, and Cc heterozygosity is undertaken on 252 ethnic groups. Each is classified by level of socio‐cultural integration: band, tribe, chiefdom, and state. The geographical distribution of the variables is mapped. Individual ethnic groups are organized into thirteen regions (heterographic areas) which provide reasonably independent tests of the hypothesis in question. Mean blood group heterozygosity for the three loci investigated is 32.47%±0.59 among states as compared to 24.86%±0.49 among primitive societies. The difference (7.61%) is highly significant. Furthermore, in‐group heterozygosity increases with each stage of social evolution. The variance between groups diminishes consecutively. It is concluded that the distribution of heterozygosity is strongly dependent upon cultural evolution. Primitive societies are genetically more homogeneous. Empiric evidence supports the Law of Biocultural Evolution. Multiple factor traits would be expected to show an analogous pattern. In contrast to man in general, human paleontologists should find primitive societies to provide closer models of the in‐group and between‐group variance of fossil hominids. The role of biocultural evolution toward maintaining and increasing human variation is discussed.
The Influence of Visual Perception on Culture1
Authors: BORNSTEIN MARC H.
Published: November 2004

Cultural differences in basic color categorization or nomenclature have been variously explained by biological evolution, linguistic relativism, or semantic evolution. This paper reviews these theories and their implied philosophical antecedents. Furthermore, it brings recent ethological, electrophysiological, behavioral, and psychophysical data to bear on this formerly linguistic question. In both behavioral and psychophysical studies, natural categories of hue have been shown to exist in infrahuman species and in human infants and adults. The psychological salience of selected features of these hue categories in adult and infant humans has been found to correspond to neural functioning in brain. Moreover, recent psychophysiological evidence suggests that certain cultures may vary from a uniform pattern of categorization of basic hues because certain peoples may actually perceive colors differently and therefore categorize them differently.
Archaeological Films: The Past as Present1
Authors: BEALE THOMAS WIGHT , HEALY PAUL F.
Published: November 2004

Motion‐picture films continue to be one of the least discussed aspects of archaeological teaching and research. This essay provides an introductory overview of the more than 170 archaeological films presently distributed in the United States. The history, advantages, and potentials of films in archaeology are also discussed. Reviews of all the films mentioned in this essay are to be found in the accompanying review sections or in recent issues of this journal.
Book Reviews
Authors: GRANEY MARSHALL J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Aging and Society. Volume One: An Inventory of Research Findings. MATILDA WHITE RILEY and ANNE FONER.

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Aging and Society. Volume Two: Aging and the Professions. MATILDA WHITE RILEY, JOHN W. RILEY, JR., and MARILYN E. JOHNSON

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Aging and Society. Volume Three: A Sociology of Age Stratification. MATILDA WHITE RILEY, MARILYN JOHNSON, and ANNE FONER.
Book Reviews
Authors: BANKS DAVID J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Ethnology: In Search of Southeast Asia: A Modern History. DAVID JOEL STEINBERG, DAVID K. WYATT, JOHN R. W. SMAIL, ALEXANDER WOODSIDE, WILLIAM R. ROFF, and DAVID P. CHANDLER. DAVID JOEL STEINBERG

Ethnology: The Making of Modern South‐East Asia. Volume I: The European Conquest. D. J. M. TATE.
Ethology without Biology
Authors: CHAPPLE ELIOT D.
Published: November 2004

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Edward O. Wilson

Biological Bases of Human Social Behavior. R. A. Hinde

Ethology: The Biology of Behavior. Irenäus Eibl‐Eibesfeldt
Book Reviews
Authors: Fruzzetti‐Ostor Lina M.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Beyond the Classics? Essays in the Scientific Study of Religion. Charles Y. Glock and Phillip E. Hammond.

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Myth and Cult among Primitive Peoples. Adolph E. Jensen.

General, Applied, and Theoretical: Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's Philosophy of Evolution. H. James Birx.
Audiovisuals Reviews
Authors: Phillips Herbert P.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Films on Southeast Asia: Australian Asian Neighbors Series: Thailand. Filmed by the Australian Commonwealth Film Unit. Produced by John Morris and Thanom Songnarata, directed by Brian Hannant

Films on Southeast Asia: Children of Bangkok.
A Tide in the Affairs of Women
Authors: Shanklin Eugenia
Published: November 2004

Women, Wives, Mothers: Values and Options. Jessie Bernard. Chicago: Aldine, 1975. viii + 286 pp. $5.95 (paper).

The Women's Movement: Political, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Issues. Barbara Sinclair Deckard. New York: Harper and Row, 1975. xii + 450 pp. $6.95 (paper).

Sex and the Intelligent Woman. Manfred F. DeMartino. New York: Springer, 1974. xii + 308 pp. $8.95 (cloth).

Women and Men: An Anthropologist's View. Ernestine Friedl. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975. xi + 148 pp. n.p. (paper).

Naked Nomads. George Gilder. New York: Quadrangle‐New York Times, 1974. 180 pp. $7.95 (cloth).

Sex Roles in Law and Society: Cases and Materials. Leo Kanowitz. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974 (First published 1973, reprinted). xiv + 706 pp. $20.00 (cloth), $8.50 (paper).

Women and the Law: The Unfinished Revolution. Leo Kanowitz. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1975 (First published 1969, reprinted). xviii + 312 pp. $3.95 (paper).

Female of the Species. Kay Martin and Barbara Voorhies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975. xi + 432 pp. n.p. (paper).

The Role of Woman in the Middle Ages. Papers of the 6th Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, May 1972. Rosemarie Thee Morewedge, ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975. xv + 195 pp. $12.50 (cloth).

Men and Masculinity. Joseph H. Pleck and Jack Sawyer, eds. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice‐Hall, 1974. viii + 184 pp. $6.95 (cloth).

Women and Social Policy. Constantino Safilios‐Rothschild. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice‐Hall, 1974. ix + 197 pp. $6.95 (cloth), $3.50 (paper).

Women in Chinese Society. Margery Wolf and Roxane Witke, eds. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975. x + 315 pp. $12.50 (cloth).
Shonto Revisited: Measures of Social and Economic Change in a Navajo Community, 1955–1971
Authors: ADAMS WILLIAM Y. , RUFFING LORRAINE T.
Published: November 2004

Between 1954 and 1956 the senior author of this article carried out a detailed social and economic study of the community of Shonto, situated in what was then a particularly remote corner of the Navajo Indian Reservation in northeastern Arizona. In 1972 the junior author returned to do a restudy of the same community. A comparison of the data obtained in the two studies provides unique measures of social and economic change, and also of social and economic persistence, during a period of unprecedented growth and modernization of the Navajo Reservation. [social change, economic change, Navajo]
Book Reviews
Authors: Adams R. E. W.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archaeology: Prehistoric Pottery Analysis and the Ceramics of Barton Ramie in the Belize Valley. James C. Gifford

Archaeology: Ancient Maya Pottery: A Folio of Maya Pottery from the Site of Barton Ramie in British Honduras. James C. Gifford

Archaeology: Ancient Maya Pottery—2: A Second Folio of Maya Pottery from the Site of Barton Ramie in British Honduras (Belize). James C. Gifford and Muriel Kirkpatrick
Audiovisual Reviews
Authors: Karl W. , Butzer Elisabeth K.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Museum Exhibits: Treasures of Tutankhamun

Museum Exhibits: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Museum Exhibits: Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois:

Museum Exhibits: New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana: September 15, 1977 to January 15, 1978.

Museum Exhibits: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California.

Museum Exhibits: Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington

Museum Exhibits: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York.
Audiovisual Review
Authors: Gold Gerald L.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Films: Le Reel du Pendu. 1972. André Gladu

Films: Fred's Lounge (Le son des Cajunsde la Louisiane I). 1976. Produced by Nanouk Films. André Gladu

Films: Ma Chère Terre (Le son des Cajuns de la Louisiane II). 1976. Produced by Nanouk Films. André Gladu

Films: Les Créoles (Le son des Cajuns de la Louisiane III). 1976. Produced by Nanouk Films. André Gladu

Films: La Réveille (Le son des Cajuns de la Louisiane IV). 1976. Produced by Nanouk Films. André Gladu

Films: “Cé pu comme ça anymore” (Le son des Français de l'Amérique). 1977. Produced by Nanouk Films. André Gladu

Films: Louisiana Story. 1948. Robert Flaherty
Audiovisual Review
Authors: Bernier Bernard , Emond Bernard‐R.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Films: St‐Pascal. 1972. A University of Guelph Production. Raymond Pollard

Films: Pour la suite du monde. 1963. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Pierre Perrault

Films: Le règne du jour. 1966. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Pierre Perrault
Alternative Models of Scientific Explanation
Authors: Salmon Merrilee H. , Salmon Wesley C.
Published: November 2004

In response to archaeologists' interests in models of scientific explanation, this paper surveys several “covering‐law” models. Primary emphasis is on a critical comparison of Hempel's deductive‐nomological and inductive‐statistical models, and Meehan's systems model, with the more recent statistical‐relevance model. The crucial difference hinges on certain relevance conditions. Two advantages of the latter model—of possible interest to anthropologists and of especial interest to archaeologists—are its ability to incorporate explanations of low‐probability events and its potential for furnishing an account of functional explanation. Advanced toward the end are suggestions for supplementing the statistical‐relevance model with causal relevance factors. [scientific explanation, systems theory, covering‐law, statistical relevance]
Toward an Ecological Model of African Plio‐Pleistocene Hominid Adaptations
Authors: Peters Charles R.
Published: November 2004

What was the environmental complex in which the Plio‐Pleistocene hominids were evolving? What situations selected f o r increasing variation in hominid morphology? A n ap‐preciation of ecological dynamics is important to develop answers to those questions. The circumstances that accompany periodically more severe semiarid successions appear to have promoted a shqt in early australopithecine morphology toward hyper‐robust forms. Successional dynamics (including ameliorated conditions) may have resulted in repeated sympat y of potentially competing lines. Through the process of character divergence, some earliergracile populations appear to have emerged more Homo‐like by the end of the Pliocene. Palaeodemographic analysis combined with detailed ecological modeling offers new possibilities f o r explorato y retrodictions concerned with common and divergent hominid adaptations. [australopithecines. palaeoecology, early Homo]
Of Indians and Anthropologists
Authors: Schlesier Karl H.
Published: November 2004

The Modern Sioux: Social Systems and Reservation Culture. Ethel Nurge, ed.

The Cherokee Nation of Indians. Charles C. Royce. Introduction by Richard Mack Bettis, President, Tulsa Tsa‐La‐Gi‐Ya Cherokee Community. Native American Library.

Historical Sketch of the Cherokee. James Mooney. Foreword by W. W. Keeler, Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Introduction by Richard Mack Bettis, President, Tulsa Tsa‐La‐Gi‐Ya Cherokee Community. Native American Library.
Culture and Ethnicity at the Canadian Centre for Folk Culture Studies
Authors: McGee Harold Franklin
Published: November 2004

Le Fournil: un rite saisonnier. Lise Boily‐Blanchette. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 16. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. iii + 59 pp. n.p. (paper).

Sacro o Profano? A Consideration of Four Italian‐Canadian Religious Festivals. Bruce B. Giuliano. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 17. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. iv + 64 pp. n.p. (paper).

Structural Changes of Two Chinese Communities in Alberta, Canada. Ben Seng Hoe. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 19. A Diamond Jenness Memorial Volume. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. xiv + 385 pp. n.p. (paper).

The Swedish Community at Eriksdale, Manitoba. George J. Houser. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 14. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. v + 112 pp. n.p. (paper).

Black Pentecostal Music in Windsor. Paul McIntyre. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 15. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. 124 pp. n.p. (paper).

The Greeks of Vancouver: A Study in the Preservation of Ethnicity. G. James Patterson. Mercury Series, CCFCS Paper No. 18. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada, 1976. iv + 162 pp. n.p. (paper).
Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry: A Test of Sociobiological Theory
Authors: Beall Cynthia M. , Goldstein Melvyn C.
Published: November 2004

This paper tests sociobiological hypotheses regarding the way practitioners of fraternal polyandry in a Tibetan population in Nepal may enhance their inclusive fitness. Demographic data demonstrate higher mortality and lower survivorship of offspring in fraternal polyandry than monogamy. Moreover, the probability of allele transmission for an ego is lower in fraternal polyandrous unions than in monogamous unions. On the basis of the measured parameters, Tibetan fraternal polyandry does not appear to enhance the fitness of individuals who practice it and, in fact, seems to entail substantial reproductive sacrifice. [sociobiology, fraternal polyandry, inclusive fitness, demography, Tibet]
Settlement Hierarchies and Political Complexity in Nonmarket Societies: The Formative Period of the Valley of Mexico
Authors: Steponaitis Vincas P.
Published: November 2004

Archaeologists have long recognized that increases in political centralization often coincide with the growth of regional settlement hierarchies. Here I develop a theoretical model which explicitly relates certain aspects of political complexity to variation in settlement size. This model applies specifically to hierarchical societies without well‐developed market economies—societies which Service would classify as chiefdoms and (perhaps) simple states. Using settlement data from the Formative Period Valley of Mexico, I show how this model is useful in measuring (1) the number of levels in a regional hierarchy, (2) the degree of political centralization, and (3) the relative amount of surplus food mobilized to support the political establishment.
Cultural Holism through Interactional Systems
Authors: ARENSBERG CONRAD
Published: November 2004

Holism and empiricism—configurations of symbol and value and observed events of social, economic, and ceremonial organization—can be integrated by operationally defined modeling of systems of interpersonal interaction. Conceptual integration across the sciences treating systems is reviewed, and the convergence of anthropology toward a general systems‐theory of culture is illustrated. Minimal‐sequence models of hunters' sharing, shamanism, African kinship, and modern networks chart human systems, their accompaniments and their emergents. [holism, operationalism, interactionism, systems‐theory, hierarchy]
Community Studies in Latin America
Authors: Partridge William L.
Published: November 2004

Revolt Against the Dead: The Modernization of a Mayan Community in the High‐ lands of Guatemala. Douglas E. Brintnall.

Agrarian Reform and Peasant Economy in Southern Peru. David Guillet.

San Rafael: Camba Town. Ally MacLean Stearman.
Book Review
Authors: Gilman Antonio
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archeology: Culture Contact and Culture Change: Early Iron Age Central Europe and the Mediterranean World. Peter S. Wells.

Archeology: European Prehistory. Sarunas Milisauskas.
Book Review
Authors: Crumrine N. Ross
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

General and Theoretical: The Decorated Body. Robert Brain.

General and Theoretical: The Anthropology of the Body. John Blacking
Book Review
Authors: Schneider Harold K.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Cultural/Applied: Pastoral Partners: Affinity and Bond Partnership Among the Dassanetch of South‐West Ethiopia. Uri Almagor.

Cultural/Applied: Pastoralism in Crisis: The Dassanetch and Their Ethiopian Lands. Claudia Carr.
New and Old in Economic Anthropology
Authors: HALPERIN RHODA H.
Published: November 2004

The New Anthropology. John Clammer

Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 1. George Dalton

Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 2. George Dalton

Research in Economic Anthropology: An Annual compilation of Research, Vol. 1. George Dalton
Women in Development
Authors: JACOBS SUE‐ELLEN
Published: November 2004

Women and Technological Change in Developing Countries. Roslyn Dauber and Melinda L. Cain, eds.

Women and the Social Costs of Economic Development: Two Colorado Case Studies. Elizabeth Moen, Elise Boulding, Jane Lillydahl, and Risa Palm.

The Domestication of Women: Discrimination in Developing Societies. Barbara Rogers.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Brewer Jeffrey D.
Published: November 2004

Property in Social Continuity: Continuity and Change in the Maintenance of Property Relationships Through Time in Minangkabau, West Sumatra. Franz von Benda‐Beckmann.

Nuaulu Settlement and Ecology: An Approach to the Environmental Relations of an Eastern Indonesian Community. Roy F. Ellen.
BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTES
Authors: Henderson John S.
Published: November 2004

Archaeology of the Rivas Region, Nicaragua. Paul F. Healy.

Adaptive Radiations in Prehistoric Panama. Olga F. Linares and Anthony J. Ranere, eds.
Scientific Creationism: An Exegesis for a Religious Doctrine
Authors: Williams Robert Charles
Published: November 2004

An exegesis of the seminal works of Henry M. Morris, Director of the Institute for Creation Research, clearly reveals that scientific creationism is a religious doctrine. It is a necessary dogma of the conservative evangelical's particular form of Christianity, is premised upon a literal interpretation of the Bible, and has as its purpose the defense of Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. [scientific creationism, religion, evolution]
Marriage Payments: A Riddle for Anthropologists
Authors: Ocbu John U.
Published: November 2004

The Meaning of Marriage Payments. J. L. Comaroff, ed. Studies in Anthropology
Book Review
Authors: Bender M. Lionel
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Linguistics: Gurage Folklore. Wolf Leslau

Linguistics: Ethiopians Speak: Studies in Cultural Background, Part IV: Muher. Wolf Leslau
Film Review
Authors: Bennett Linda A.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Almost Heaven. 1976. Produced and directed by Peter Griesinger and Carol Griesinger

Small Business My Way. 1982. A film by Peter Griesinger and Michael Herschede
Quitting the Game: Covert Disengagement from Butler County Eight Ball
Authors: Roberts John M. , Chick Garry E.
Published: November 2004

This study of the Monday Nite Pool League is a continuation of earlier research into recreational tavern pool. We argue that the very competition that is the reason for the league's being contributes to the development of endogenous conflicts within the game that lead some players to quit because the original reasons for their involvement in the game have been eliminated or vitiated. This dynamic, the development of endogenous conflicts, probably holds for all voluntary associations that permit voluntary withdrawal, sponsor competitive activities, and meet expressive needs. This dynamic may hold for many other cultural contexts as well.

JOHN M. ROBERTS is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. GARRY E. CHICK is Assistant Professor. Leisure Behavior Research Laboratory. Department of Leisure Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana‐Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820.
Cultural Rules, Rituals, and Behavior Regulation
Authors: Parker Seymour
Published: November 2004

While it is generally agreed that culture and biology are both relevant to an understanding of human behavior, there is little consensus about the appropriate use of reductionist procedures. Disagreement abounds concerning the nature of the interaction and the relative contribution of distal and proximal mechanisms. An understanding of such issues may emerge only with long study of the interaction of variables at different conceptual levels of organization that intervene between the genes and culture. It is toward this larger end that the limited efforts of this paper are directed. Two cultural phenomena are considered: Murdoch's “social laws of sexual choice,” and aspects of human ritual behavior. Although these constitute a unique organization of cultural items, I attempt to show how they are influenced by underlying biopsychological processes. I specifically reject, however, the view that cultural phenomena are isomorphic with, or can be completely reduced to, such processes. Emergent novelty and multiple possibilities are always present at more inclusive levels of organization. I argue that the relationship between the different sets of system variables is based on homologous functions and not merely on analogies.

SEYMOUR PARKER is Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. UT 84112
The Yuqui Connection: Another Look at Sirionó Deculturation
Authors: Stearman Allyn MacLean
Published: November 2004

Allan Holmberg's ethnography of the Sirionó Indians of eastern Bolivia depicts this group as one of the least complex human societies known. In recent years, anthropologists have argued that Sirionó cultural poverty may be due to deculturation rather than to their failure to develop a more complex culture as the result of environmental stresses. Previous efforts to explore this hypothesis have been limited by the lack of additional data on the Sirionó since Holmberg's early work. This study draws on new information derived from ethnohistorical sources and fieldwork among a recently pacified group known as the Yuquí. I demonstrate that the Yuquí and Sirionó share the same cultural heritage and that, while the Sirionó are now acculturated, the Yuquí only recently are undergoing this process. For this reason, the Yuquí case offers a parallel and current example from which new inferences can be made concerning the theory of Sirionó deculturation.

ALLYN MACLEAN STEARMAN is Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816.
Pattini: The Anthropological Consummation of a Goddess
Authors: Bharati Agehananda
Published: November 2004

The Cult of the Goddess Pattini. Gananath Obeyesekere. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. xvii + 629 pp. $42.50 (cloth).
Film Reviews
Authors: Royce Anya Peterson , Snygg Fran
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Mary Wigman: When the Fire Dances between the Two Poles. 1983. Produced by Allegro Fuller Snyder and Annette MacDonald

Dance Masks: The World of Margaret Severn. 1982. A film by Peter Lipskis
Book Reviews
Authors: Wenke Robert J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archeology: Advances in World Archaeology, Volume 2.

Archeology: Advances in World Archaeology, Volume 3.
Book Reviews
Authors: Quick Polly McW.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archeology: The Archaeology of California.

Archeology: California Archaeology.
Color‐Category Evolution and Shuswap Yellow‐with‐Green
Authors: Maclaury Robert E.
Published: November 2004

Shuswap speakers use one color term to name both pure yellow and pure green. The yellow‐with‐green category is not part of Berlin and Kay's empirically established sequence of basic color‐category evolution, nor does it square with neurological facts that might explain the sequence. Although the category is rare throughout the world, it is widely diffused in the Pacific Northwest. Here diverse languages accepted the concept that yellow and green should be categorized under one name, but they accommodated the innovation by distinct cognitive strategies and they named it with unrelated terms.
A Glimpse into the Demography of the Ainu
Authors: Hammel E. A.
Published: November 2004

Seven unpublished household censuses of Ainu populations on Hokkaido and Sakhalin between 1803 and 1853 are analyzed to show evidence of population decline well before the Meiji period. These populations show substantial diversity in household composition and community size, and complex household organization is pervasive, suggesting elaborate patron‐client relationships not obviously based on kinship. Ecological differences may underlie this diversity and complexity, with Japanese influence and inclusion in long distance trading networks a strong possibility as a basic cause. There is a suggestion of organizational adaptations to distant economic and political influences, analogous to those observed on the Northwest Coast of North America under the influence of the fur trade.
Book Review
Authors: Breternitz Cory Dale
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archeology: Small Site Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Peter J. McKenna and Marcia L. Truell.

Archeology: Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Stephen H. Lekson.
Film Review
Authors: Heider Karl G.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Sanctuary of the Earth Goddess. 1986. A film by Katherine Stenger Frey.

Journey to the Land of the Earth Goddess. Katherine Stenger Frey.
Some Thoughts on the Black Skull: An Archeologist's Assessment of WT‐17000 (A. boisei) and Systematics in Human Paleontology
Authors: Clark G. A.
Published: November 2004

A nontechnical assessment of the controversial Black Skull is provided. Claims that it could not be accommodated by any known phylogeny are rejected in the context of a discussion of systematics in human paleontology. It is suggested that the discipline lacks a clear‐cut conception of science, and is characterized by poorly formed theories that can neither be confirmed nor rejected. Research designs appear to be unconstrained pattern searches using variables selected more by convention or for convenience than for demonstrated diagnostic utility. Explanations based on such designs are a weak form of inference since they are wholly dependent on their warranting arguments.
Rituals of Gender: A Study of Etiquette, Public Symbols, and Cognition
Authors: Parker Seymour
Published: November 2004

The purposes of this article are embodied in three questions central to the development of symbolic anthropology. How does one identify the alleged symbolic message in public rituals, and does this meaning have some sort of empirically demonstrable analogue in the minds of the actors, or consequences for their behavior? Second, can these questions be answered by a method of interpreting symbols that is empirical and that utilizes clearly specified and replicable procedures? Finally, is it legitimate to attribute symbolic meanings to behavior if the participants themselves are not aware of such meanings? If nonconscious meaning exists, does it have any effect on attitudes and motivation for behavior? Analysis of data, derived from responses to Osgood's Semantic Differential relating to concepts of gender and manners between the sexes, provides affirmative answers to the questions raised above.
Annual Rituals of Conflict
Authors: Dirks Robert
Published: November 2004

Great rituals of conflict—annual celebrations containing episodes of threat, insult, or contention—are widely, though sporadically, distributed worldwide. To account for their incidence, propositions derived from Gluckman's analysis of Southeast African rituals of rebellion are tested crossculturally. Results indicate annual rituals of conflict occur disproportionately among societies situated in environments prone to seasonal hunger and possessing political systems strongly inclined to favor communal over individual decision making. Analysis suggests that such rites originate in a spontaneous reaction to sudden, drastic uptakes of food energy. Further substantive findings bearing on mode and amplitude of collective enactments, combined with theoretical understandings of ritualization, lead to conclusions regarding subsequent cultural development.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hodge Mary G.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Archeology:The Great Temple of Tenochtitlan: Center and Periphery in the Aztec World. Johanna Broda, Davíd Carrasco, and Eduardo Matos Moctezuma.

Archeology:The Aztec Templo Mayor: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 8th and 9th October 1983. Elizabeth Hill Boone
Whither Ethnographic Film?
Authors: ÖStör ÁKos
Published: November 2004

Cinematographic Theory and New Dimensions in Ethnographic Film. Paul Hockings and Yasuhiro Omori, eds.

Anthropological Filmmaking: Anthropological Perspectives on the Production of Film and Video for General Public Audiences. Jack R. Rollwagen, ed.

Disappearing World. Andre Singer and Leslie Woodhead.

Visual Explorations of the World: Selected Papers from the International Conference on Visual Communication. Martin Taureg and Jay Ruby, eds.
Archeology as Long‐Term Ethnography
Authors: Jochim Michael A.
Published: November 2004

Behavioral variation from year to year is archeologically invisible, yet it may have important effects on the archeological record. Moreover, much of current theory demands that we give attention to such variation. Rather than adopting normative reconstructions from ethnographies, archeologists must view the archeological record as a long‐term ethnography, confounded by such variations in behavior. Using an ecological perspective, patterns of behavioral variation can be linked to environmental characteristics, with implications for the archeological record of settlement and subsistence. The Paleolithic and Mesolithic of southwest Germany are used to illustrate this approach.
Explaining Differences in Repatriation Experiences: The Discovery of Coupled and Decoupled Systems
Authors: Briody Elizabeth K. , Baba Marietta L.
Published: November 2004

We report the results of a four‐year, multiphase study on the overseas assignment at General Motors Corporation (GM). Our objective is to explain variation in the repatriation experiences of International Service Personnel (ISPs). While our principal focus is the documentation of an inductive discovery process facilitated through interviews with a wide variety of GM employees, we also present a preliminary test of an explanatory hypothesis. The hypothesis states that variation in repatriation experiences is related directly to variation in the structure and ideology of organizational units that send and receive ISPs. Units with direct linkages between GM's domestic and overseas operations (coupled systems) are associated with a pro‐international ideology and positive ISP repatriation experiences. Units with no administrative or operational linkages between the domestic and overseas arenas (decoupled systems) are associated with an anti‐international ideology and negative ISP repatriation experiences. Our findings suggest that the structural and ideological properties of organizational units affect both repatriation from overseas assignments and ISP career paths.
Anthropological Analysis of Exploration Texts: Cultural Discourse and the Ethnological Import of Fray Marcos de Niza's Journey to Cibola
Authors: REFF DANIEL T.
Published: November 2004

This article highlights methodological and theoretical presuppositions that have contributed to scholarly neglect and rejection of exploration chronicles such as Fray Marcos de Niza's account of his journey to Cibola in 1539. Marcos's relación and similar texts often have been ignored or rejected because of presuppositions about the “accuracy” of modern anthropological, as opposed to historical, texts and unwitting acceptance of the “civilization‐savagery” myth, which continues to govern interpretations of European and Indian relations. Discourse analysis of Marcos's relación reveals numerous observations on native life that shed light on the archeological record and the fate of the Hohokam and Trincheras cultures of the Greater Southwest.
Distinguished Lecture: Recent Work in the Decipherment of Palenque's Hieroglyphic Inscriptions
Authors: Lounsbury Floyd G.
Published: November 2004

This essay was delivered as the Distinguished Lecture at the 89th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, December 1, 1990, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Household Economy, Political Economy, and Ideology: Peasants and the State in Southeast Asia
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul , Tannenbaum Nicola
Published: November 2004

We use Chayanov's central concept of the on‐farm balance to develop descriptions of household production that provide evidence for the way households fit into the material realities of their economic, social, and political systems. This provides a theoretically, ethnographically, and historically motivated way to compare households and political‐economic systems and their cultural correlates.
Shading the Past: Models in Archeology
Authors: Charles Douglas K.
Published: November 2004

Archeologists create and interpret the past. Attempts to arrive at the “best explanation” of that past are misguided, ignoring the differing perspectives of those who are looking backward, as well as the imperfections in our cognitive abilities. The latter is the focus of this article: How do we best relate our models, as metaphors, to a presumed real past world? Archeological thought is argued to be embedded in traditional Western dichotomies by which we view the world in general. Different models are not necessarily in competition; rather, they provide different modes of understanding. Several models for the “origin” of agriculture are examined in this light and are then applied to the prehistory of the American Midwest.
A Current Controversy in Human Evolution. Overview
Authors: Sussman Robert W.
Published: November 2004

With this issue, the editors of the American Anthropologist publish the second Contemporary Issues Forum, “A Current Controversy in Human Evolution.” We find it incumbent upon the flagship journal of the profession to encourage productive discussion of issues of relevance to anthropologists and to the public. With this in mind the editors have targeted broadly significant and controversial topics as foci for the forums with a view to encouraging dialogue. The second forum opens an arena for debate in this journal regarding contemporary theories of modern human evolution and their evidential bases in genetics and the fossil record. We recognize the disputed nature of these issues and the potential importance of such controversies to the profession. Commentary on the forum papers from the readership of the American Anthropologist is welcomed.
Human Genetics, Paleoenvironments, and Malaria: Relationships and Implications for the Settlement of Oceania
Authors: Clark Jeffrey T. , Kelly Kevin M.
Published: November 2004

Lapita is a distinctive ceramic style that first appeared in the Bismarck Archipelago about 3600 B.P. and over the next few centuries spread throughout island Melanesia. For many prehistorians the distribution of Lapita sherds identifies the expansion of Austronesian‐speaking populations through Oceania. This article addresses the Lapita language question by exploring the implications of the relationship among gamma globulin (Gm) genetics, paleoenvironments, malaria, natural selection, and prehistoric settlement patterns. Archeological sites with Lapita ceramics are consistently located in coastal lowlands, which in some parts of Oceania would have been malarious areas. Drawing on recent evidence that Austronesian‐speaking populations in Near Oceania possess a genetic advantage over Non‐Austronesian speakers with regard to malaria, we contend that Austronesian speakers have been able to occupy—on a permanent basis—malarious coastal lowlands that were detrimental to Non‐Austronesian speakers. It follows, therefore, that the inhabitants of those Lapita sites spoke one or more of the Austronesian languages.
The Hong Kong of the Mediterranean
Authors: Coe Michael D.
Published: November 2004

Venetian Worlds: Nobility and the Cultural Construction of Society. Åsa Boholm
Ethnomusicology: From Ethnography to Cultural Studies
Authors: Slobin Mark
Published: November 2004

Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India. Peter Manuel

The Arabesk Debate: Music and Musicians in Modern Turkey. Martin Stokes

Moving Away from Silence: Music of the Peruvian Altiplano and the Experience of Urban Migration. Thomas Turino
Playing with Culture: The Serious Side of Humor
Authors: Powers William K.
Published: November 2004

Indi'n Humor: Bicultural Play in Native America. Kenneth Lincoln

Keeping Slug Woman Alive: A Holistic Approach to American Indian Texts. Greg Sarris
Surveying the Rubble: The Transition from State Socialism in Europe
Authors: Hayden Robert M.
Published: November 2004

The Curtain Rises: Rethinking Culture, Ideology and the State in Eastern Europe. Hermine G. DeSoto and David G. Anderson, eds.

Symbols, Conflict and Identity: Essays in Political Anthropology. Zdzislaw Mach.
Bringing Homo Erectos Alive
Authors: Zihlman Adrienne
Published: November 2004

The Nariokotome Skeleton: Homo Erectus. Alan Walker and Richard Leakey, eds.
Cultural Encounters and Emergent Cultures in Australia
Authors: Povinelu Elizabeth
Published: November 2004

Warlpiri Dreamings and Histories: Newly Recorded Stories from the Aboriginal Elders of Central Australia. Kerry Brown and Sima Sharma.

Fighting Women: Anger and Aggression in Aboriginal Australia. Victoria Katherine Burbank.

A Place for Strangers: Towards a History of Australian Aboriginal Being. Tony Swain.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Matthews Christopher N.
Published: November 2004

History and Archaeology on the Chesapeake Bay: A Chesapeake Family and Their Slaves: A Study in Historical Archaeology. Anne Yentsch.

History and Archaeology on the Chesapeake Bay: Historical Archaeology of the Chesapeake. Paul Shackel and Barbara Little, eds.
Biocultural Interaction and the Mechanism of Mosaic Evolution in the Emergence of “Modern” Morphology
Authors: BRACE C. LORING
Published: November 2004

Abstracts

“Modern” human form results from reduction in both craniofacial and postcranial Middle Pleistocene levels of robustness. In a classic manifestation of mosaic evolution, these reductions began at different times and proceeded at different rates in different places. They were produced by mutations acting alone when particular cultural developments eased the forces of selection. The separate regional appearances of obligatory cooking and projectile use late in the Middle Pleistocene produced separate and predictable manifestations of morphological reduction. There is no common “modern” configuration, and no single geographic locale was responsible for the various aspects of reduction that contribute to “modern” morphology.
Rethinking in African Studies
Authors: Peters Pauune E.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Living under Contract: Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Peter D. Little and Michael J. Watts, eds.

African Pastoralist Systems: An Integrated Approach. Elliot Fratkin, Kathleen A. Galvin, and Eric Abella Roth, eds.

Houses in the Rainforest: Ethnicity and Inequality among Farmers and Foragers in Central Africa. Roy Richard Grinker.
Alternative Literacies
Authors: Stuart David
Published: November 2004

Writing without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Elizabeth Hill Boone and Walter Mignolo
Classic Cave Art
Authors: Reents‐Budet Dorie
Published: November 2004

Images from the Underworld: Naj Tunich and the Tradition of Maya Cave Painting. Andrea J. Stone
Gender, Death, and Memory in Greece
Authors: Dubisch Jill
Published: November 2004

New Voices in the Nation: Women and the Greek Resistance, 1941‐1964. Janet Hart

Fragments of Death, Fables of Identity: An Athenian Anthropography. Neni Panourgia. Madison
Gender Issues in African Agriculture and Sustainable Development
Authors: Henderson Helen Kreider
Published: November 2004

Women Wielding the Hoe: Lessons from Rural Africa for Feminist Theory and Development Practice. Deborah Fahy Bryceson
Wrappings of Japan
Authors: Allison Anne
Published: November 2004

Situated Meaning: Inside and Outside in Japanese Self, Society, and Language. Jane M. Bachnik and Charles J. Quinn Jr.

Women, Media and Consumption in Japan. Lise Skov and Brian Moeran
How Much Does a Human Environment Humanize a Chimp?
Authors: Marler Peter
Published: November 2004

Apes, Language and the Human Mind. Sue Savage Rumbaugh. Stewart G. Shanker, and Talbot J. Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 244 pp.
Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures.
Authors: Stout Sam D.
Published: November 2004

Mummies, Disease and Ancient Cultures. Aidan Cockburn. Eve Cockburn. and Theodore A. Reyman. eds. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 402 pp.
The Transformation of Rural Mexico: Reforming the Ejido Sector.
Authors: Vargas‐Cetina Gabriela
Published: November 2004

The Transformation of Rural Mexico: Reforming the Ejido Sector. Wayne A. Cornelius and David Myhre. eds. San Diego, CA: Center for US‐Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego, 1998. 438 pp.
Fieldwork in Familiar Places: Morality, Culture, and Philosophy.
Authors: Boehm Christopher
Published: November 2004

Fieldwork in Familiar Places: Morality, Culture, and Philosophy. Michele M. Moody‐Adams. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. 260 pp.
Gifts of Pride and Love: The Cultural Significance of Kiowa and Comanche Lattice Cradles
Authors: Whitaker Kathleen
Published: November 2004

Gifts of Pride and Love: The Cultural Significance of Kiowa and Comanche Lattice Cradles. Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, Bristol, RI, 1998; Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, OK, December 4, 1999‐February 2000; Heard Museum, Phoenix, AZ, April 20‐July 16, 2001; Fowler Museum of Cultural History, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, August 27, 2000‐January 16, 2001; National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Gustav Heye Center, New York, NY, March‐May 2001; Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, OK, June‐September 2001; Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center, Ledyard, CT, October 2001‐January 2002.

Gifts of Pride and Love: Kiowa and Comanche Cradles. Barbara A. Hail. ed. Bristol, RI: Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, 2000. 135 pp.
The Salish Language Family: Reconstructing Syntax.
Authors: Beck David
Published: November 2004

The Salish Language Family; Reconstructing Syntax. Paul D. Kroeber. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999. 461 pp.
Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power.
Authors: Earle Timothy
Published: November 2004

Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power. Michael Dietler and Brian Hayden. eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001. 432 pp.
I Am My Language: Discourses of Women and Children in the Borderlands.
Authors: Valle José Del
Published: November 2004

. Am My Language: Discourses of Women and Children in the Borderlands. Norma González. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001. 240 pp.
Human Evolution through Developmental Change.
Authors: Lieberman Daniel E.
Published: November 2004

Human Evolution through Developmental Change. Nancy Minugh‐Purvis and Kenneth J. McNamara. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. 508 pp.
Dividends of Kinship: Meanings and Uses of Social Relatedness.; New Directions in Anthropological Kinship.
Authors: Collier Jane F.
Published: November 2004

Dividends of Kinship: Meanings and Uses of Social Relatedness. Peter P. Schweitzer. ed. New York: Routledge, 2000. 221 pp.

New Directions in Anthropological Kinship. Linda Stone. ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001. 352 pp.
Meanings of Violence: A Cross Cultural Perspective.
Authors: Hayden Robert M.
Published: November 2004

Meanings of Violence:. Cross Cultural Perspective. Göran Aijmer and Jon Abbink. eds. New York: New York University Press, 2000. 256 pp.
Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City.
Authors: Staski Edward
Published: November 2004

Unearthing Gotham: The Archaeology of New York City. Anne‐Marie Cantwell and Diana diZerega Wall. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. 374 pp.
A Time for Tea: Women, Labor, and Post/Colonial Politics on an Indian Plantation.
Authors: Khare R. S.
Published: November 2004

Time for Tea: Women, Labor, and Post/Colonial Politics on an Indian Plantation. Piya Chatterjee. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. 417 pp.