bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening young adult cancer survivors for distress with the Distress Thermometer: Comparisons with a structured clinical diagnostic interview
Authors: Recklitis Christopher J. , Blackmon Jaime E. , Chang Grace
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

The validity of the Distress Thermometer (DT) as a screen for psychological distress in young adult cancer survivors was assessed by comparing it with the results of a psychiatric diagnostic interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM‐IV) (SCID), to evaluate the accuracy of the DT and identify optimal cutoff scores for this population.

METHODS

A total of 247 survivors aged 18 to 40 years completed the DT and SCID. Based on the SCID, participants were classified as having: 1) ≥ 1 SCID diagnoses; 2) significant symptoms, but no SCID diagnosis; or 3) no significant SCID symptoms. Receiver operating characteristic analyses determined the sensitivity and specificity of all possible DT cutoff scores for detecting survivors with a SCID diagnosis, and subsequently for survivors with significant SCID symptoms or a SCID diagnosis.

RESULTS

The recommended DT cutoff score of ≥5 failed to identify 31.81% of survivors with a SCID diagnosis (sensitivity of 68.18% and specificity of 78.33%), and 32.81% of survivors with either significant SCID symptoms or a SCID diagnosis. No alternative DT cutoff score met the criteria for acceptable sensitivity (≥85%) and specificity (≥75%).

CONCLUSIONS

The DT does not reliably identify young adult cancer survivors with psychiatric problems identified by a “gold standard” structured psychiatric interview. Therefore, the DT should not be used as a stand‐alone psychological screen in this population. Cancer 2016;122:296–303. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The expanding utility of microdosing
Authors: Lappin Graham
Published: October 2015

The concept of microdosing has been around for more than a decade. It consists of the subpharmacologic administration of an investigational drug (1% of the pharmacologic dose or 100 µg, whichever is lower) to human subjects to attain pre–phase 1 pharmacokinetics (PK) in humans. The major concern with microdosing has been the potential for nonlinear PK between doses, but methods are emerging to evaluate the potential for nonlinear PK prior to conducting a study. Currently, approximately 80% of drugs tested by the oral route and 100% by the intravenous route have exhibited scalable PK between a microdose and a therapeutic dose (within a factor of 2). Over the past few years microdosing has found utility in pediatrics, protein‐based therapeutics, and a new application known as intra‐arterial microdosing that focuses more on localized pharmacodynamics than PK. Compared with other PK predictive methods, such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, allometry, and in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, microdosing appears to provide a significantly better understanding of PK prior to phase 1, albeit within what is currently a limited database.
Green computing on graphics processing units
Authors: Magoulès Frédéric , Ahamed Abal‐Kassim Cheik , Suzuki Atsushi
Published: October 2015

To answer the question ‘How much energy is consumed for a numerical simulation running on Graphic Processing Unit?’, an experimental protocol is here established. The current provided to a graphic processing unit (GPU) during computation is directly measured using amperometric clamps. Signal processing on the intensity of the current of the power supplied to a GPU, with noise reduction technique, gives precise timing of GPU states, which allow establishing an energy consumption model of the GPU. Energy consumption of each operation, memory copy, vector addition, and element wise product is precisely measured to tune and validate the energy consumption model. The accuracy of the proposed energy consumption model compared to measurements is finally illustrated on a conjugate gradient method for a problem discretized by a finite element method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computing probable maximum loss in catastrophe reinsurance portfolios on multi‐core and many‐core architectures
Authors: Burke Neil , Rau‐Chaplin Andrew , Varghese Blesson
Published: October 2015

In the reinsurance market, the risks natural catastrophes pose to portfolios of properties must be quantified, so that they can be priced, and insurance offered. The analysis of such risks at a portfolio level requires a simulation of up to 800 000 trials with an average of 1000 catastrophic events per trial. This is sufficient to capture risk for a global multi‐peril reinsurance portfolio covering a range of perils including earthquake, hurricane, tornado, hail, severe thunderstorm, wind storm, storm surge and riverine flooding, and wildfire. Such simulations are both computation and data intensive, making the application of high‐performance computing techniques desirable.

In this paper, we explore the design and implementation of portfolio risk analysis on both multi‐core and many‐core computing platforms. Given a portfolio of property catastrophe insurance treaties, key risk measures, such as probable maximum loss, are computed by taking both primary and secondary uncertainties into account. Primary uncertainty is associated with whether or not an event occurs in a simulated year, while secondary uncertainty captures the uncertainty in the level of loss due to the use of simplified physical models and limitations in the available data. A combination of fast lookup structures, multi‐threading and careful hand tuning of numerical operations is required to achieve good performance. Experimental results are reported for multi‐core processors and systems using NVIDIA graphics processing unit and Intel Phi many‐core accelerators. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitates originating from tungsten crucible parts in AlN bulk crystals grown by the PVT method
Authors: Langhans Frank , Kiefer Stefan , Hartmann Carsten , Markurt Toni , Schulz Tobias , Guguschev Christo , Naumann Martin , Kollowa Sandro , Dittmar Andrea , Wollweber Jürgen , Bickermann Matthias
Published: October 2015

In order to evaluate the possible involvement of crucible materials in the growth of AlN bulk crystals grown by physical vapor transport, we applied growth conditions with a high vertical thermal gradient and hence high supersaturation of aluminum vapor. Under these conditions, precipitates formed causing diffuse grayish substructures at the initial growth interface and in the crystal body, decorating dislocations. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the precipitates are elongated, single‐phase particles with sizes of 50–500 nm of commensurate structure, oriented along the <110> direction. Chemical analysis of the precipitates showed tungsten as well as carbon and oxygen. The lattice parameters of the precipitates are in close agreement to hexagonal tungsten hemicarbide (W2C). The possible transport from the tungsten parts and its conversion into tungsten hemicarbide precipitates is discussed. We thus conclude that the W2C precipitates may contribute to the decoration of dislocations, even in growth with moderate thermal gradients.
Integrating Unions in Integrated Conflict Management Systems
Authors: Dickey Todd
Published: October 2015

Can integrated conflict management systems (ICMSs) be fully and successfully integrated in unionized workplaces? This article proposes best‐practice guidelines based on new field research. It argues that integration is possible and beneficial for unions and organizations, but that certain considerations must be addressed to ensure that ICMSs complement and support unions’ roles in the workplace rather than act as substitutes. When ICMSs are introduced and maintained collaboratively in a way that engages unions as key co‐owners of such systems, the article suggests they can ultimately be made more effective and resilient than when implemented in nonunion settings.
In Situ‐Grown ZnCo2O4 on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Air Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Liu Bin , Xu Wu , Yan Pengfei , Bhattacharya Priyanka , Cao Ruiguo , Bowden Mark E. , Engelhard Mark H. , Wang Chong‐Min , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: October 2015

The development of highly efficient catalysts is critical for the practical application of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. Nanosheet‐assembled ZnCo2O4 (ZCO) microspheres and thin films grown in situ on single‐walled carbon nanotube (ZCO/SWCNT) composites as high‐performance air electrode materials for Li–O2 batteries are reported. The in situ grown ZCO/SWCNT electrodes delivered high discharge capacities, decreased the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction by 0.9 V during the charging process, and led to longer cycling stability. These results indicate that in situ grown ZCO/SWCNT composites can be used as highly efficient air electrode materials for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. The enhanced catalytic activity displayed by the uniformly dispersed ZCO catalyst on nanostructured electrodes is expected to inspire further development of other catalyzed electrodes for Li–O2 batteries and other applications.
Development of a Steel‐Slag‐Based, Iron‐Functionalized Sorbent for an Autothermal Carbon Dioxide Capture Process
Authors: Tian Sicong , Jiang Jianguo , Hosseini Davood , Kierzkowska Agnieszka M. , Imtiaz Qasim , Broda Marcin , Müller Christoph R.
Published: October 2015

We propose a new class of autothermal CO2‐capture process that relies on the integration of chemical looping combustion (CLC) into calcium looping (CaL). In the new process, the heat released during the oxidation of a reduced metallic oxide is utilized to drive the endothermic calcination of CaCO3 (the regeneration step in CaL). Such a process is potentially very attractive (both economically and technically) as it can be applied to a variety of oxygen carriers and CaO is not in direct contact with coal (and the impurities associated with it) in the calciner (regeneration step). To demonstrate the practical feasibility of the process, we developed a low‐cost, steel‐slag‐based, Fe‐functionalized CO2 sorbent. Using this material, we confirm experimentally the feasibility to heat‐integrate CaCO3 calcination with a FeII/FeIII redox cycle (with regards to the heat of reaction and kinetics). The autothermal calcination of CaCO3 could be achieved for a material that contained a Ca/Fe ratio of 5:4. The uniform distribution of Ca and Fe in a solid matrix provides excellent heat transfer characteristics. The cyclic CO2 uptake and redox stability of the material is good, but there is room for further improvement.
Modular design of QCA carry flow adders and multiplier with reduced wire crossing and number of logic gates
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Lv Hongjun , Du Huakun , Huang Cheng , Liu Shuai , Xie Guangjun
Published: October 2015

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging technology with the rapid development of low‐power high‐performance digital circuits. In order to reduce the wire crossings and the number of logic gates in QCA circuits, this paper proposes a full adder named Tile full adder based on a 3 × 3 grid module, a Tile bit‐serial adder based on the new full adder and a Diverse Clock Tile bit serial adder (DC Tile bit‐serial) adder based on the new full adder and a DC multiplier network. Based on previously mentioned circuit units an improved carry flow adder (CFA) named Tile CFA and two types of carry delay multiplier (CDM) named Tile CDM and DC Tile CDM (DC Tile CDM) with different sizes are presented. All of the proposed QCA circuits are designed and simulated with QCADesigner. Simulation results show that these circuit designs not only implement the logic functions correctly but also achieve a significant performance improvement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cochrane in context: Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest
Authors: Scholefield Barnaby R.
Published: October 2015

Cochrane Review: Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest Scholefield B, Duncan H, Davies P, Gao Smith F, Khan K, Perkins GD, Morris K. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD009442. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009442.pub2

This companion piece to the review, “Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review

A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce

A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Paediatric Society and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom

Some other recently published references on this topic

Editor's note on this review, by Ricardo Fernandes:

The Editorial Board's rationale for selecting this review was that this is a “classical” case of an important uncertainty in child health. There is a relatively strong rationale for this practice in adults but in pediatrics the underlying condition differs, so extrapolation is controversial. The authors highlight in the abstract that there are ongoing trials, and also mention nonrandomized evidence, all of which is helpful to the reader.
Evolution along the Great Rift Valley: phenotypic and genetic differentiation of East African white‐eyes (Aves, Zosteropidae)
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Borghesio Luca , Newmark William D. , Day Julia J. , Lens Luc , Husemann Martin , Ulrich Werner
Published: October 2015

The moist and cool cloud forests of East Africa represent a network of isolated habitats that are separated by dry and warm lowland savannah, offering an opportunity to investigate how strikingly different selective regimes affect species diversification. Here, we used the passerine genusZosterops(white‐eyes) from this region as our model system. Species of the genus occur in contrasting distribution settings, with geographical mountain isolation driving diversification, and savannah interconnectivity preventing differentiation. We analyze (1) patterns of phenotypic and genetic differentiation in high‐ and lowland species (different distribution settings), (2) investigate the potential effects of natural selection and temporal and spatial isolation (evolutionary drivers), and (3) critically review the taxonomy of this species complex. We found strong phenotypic and genetic differentiation among and within the three focal species, both in the highland species complex and in the lowland taxa. Altitude was a stronger predictor of phenotypic patterns than the current taxonomic classification. We found longitudinal and latitudinal phenotypic gradients for all three species. Furthermore, wing length and body weight were significantly correlated with altitude and habitat type in the highland speciesZ. poliogaster. Genetic and phenotypic divergence showed contrasting inter‐ and intraspecific structures. We suggest that the evolution of phenotypic characters is mainly driven by natural selection due to differences in the two macro‐habitats, cloud forest and savannah. In contrast, patterns of neutral genetic variation appear to be rather driven by geographical isolation of the respective mountain massifs. Populations of theZ. poliogastercomplex, as well asZ. senegalensisandZ. abyssinicus, are not monophyletic based on microsatellite data and have higher levels of intraspecific differentiation compared to the currently accepted species.
Compact three‐degree‐of‐freedom planar actuator with two sets of three‐phase currents capable of driving over large displacements in yaw direction
Authors: Ueda Yasuhito , Ohsaki Hiroyuki
Published: October 2015

We present a three‐degree‐of‐freedom planar actuator that can position a mover over a wide range of locations in the yaw and translational directions. In conventional planar actuators, which have multiple pairs of permanent magnets and armature coils, the mover cannot be displaced by large amounts unless the planar actuator has numerous armature coils. Furthermore, the movable area of conventional planar actuators in the yaw direction is quite narrow because of the interference between the different pairs of permanent magnets and armature currents that occurs due to the yaw displacements. The proposed planar actuator has only six stationary armature conductors for two sets of three‐phase currents. The mover constantly faces all the armature conductors, and hence, it can be subjected to driving forces for three‐degree‐of‐freedom movement anywhere on a plane parallel to the stator surface. Therefore, the movable area of the actuator can be easily expanded by increasing the length of the armature conductors. However, the driving forces depend on the yaw angle, and large yaw displacements impede the generation of sufficiently strong driving forces. In this paper, we present the results of experiments conducted to determine the movable area of our proposed planar actuator in the yaw direction. The experimental results indicate that sufficient torques in the yaw direction can be generated when the yaw displacement is less than 26°. The driving force acting on the mover is a function of the yaw angle and is periodic with a 90° period due to the central symmetry of the actuator. The experimental results also indicate that the mover can travel over 90° displacements in the yaw direction. Thus, we successfully demonstrate the three‐degree‐of‐freedom large movement of the planar actuator by controlling two sets of three‐phase currents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(4): 51–61, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21208
A study on voltage rise control effect by leading power factor operation of PVs considering tap change of distribution transformer
Authors: Ishimaru Masaaki , Tamachi Hideki , Komami Shintaroh
Published: October 2015

The voltage rise problem in distribution networks has been discussed as the foremost concern against the penetration of large amounts of photovoltaics (PVs). As a solution of such a problem, using voltage regulation facilities such as SVC (Static Var Compensator) or Loop power flow controller has been proposed. However, this might require major investments in the distribution network and that means the cost would be imposed on the nation. In this paper, the authors focus on the latent ability of the present distribution network and PVs to find solutions to the problem and propose a low‐cost solution to mitigate the voltage rise by using constant leading power factor operation of PVs. The distribution voltages are calculated in the case of increasing highly penetrated PVs, where it is very important to make an aggregated model of the distribution networks including loads and PVs. The authors aggregate many loads and PVs by using an aggregation method called “Y‐connection.” As a result of simulation with the aggregated realistic model of distribution networks, the authors confirmed that using a combination of leading power factor operation with $Q = - 0.2P$ and the LDC of the distribution transformer makes it possible to maintain adequate voltage without voltage regulation facilities such as SVC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(3): 46–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21276
Effect of patiromer on reducing serum potassium and preventing recurrent hyperkalaemia in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease on RAAS inhibitors
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Bakris George L. , Bushinsky David A. , Garza Dahlia , Mayo Martha R. , Stasiv Yuri , Christ‐Schmidt Heidi , Berman Lance , Weir Matthew R.
Published: October 2015

Aims

We evaluated the effects of patiromer, a potassium (K+)‐binding polymer, in a pre‐specified analysis of hyperkalaemic patients with heart failure (HF) in the OPAL‐HK trial.

Methods and results

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) with serum K+ levels ≥5.1 mEq/L to <6.5 mEq/L (n = 243) received patiromer (4.2 g or 8.4 g BID initially) for 4 weeks (initial treatment phase); the primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in serum K+ from baseline to week 4. Eligible patients (those with baseline K+ ≥5.5 mEq/L to <6.5 mEq/L and levels ≥3.8 mEq/L to <5.1 mEq/L at the end of week 4) entered an 8‐week randomized withdrawal phase and were randomly assigned to continue patiromer or switch to placebo; the primary efficacy endpoint was the between‐group difference in median change in the serum K+ over the first 4 weeks of that phase. One hundred and two patients (42%) had heart failure (HF). The mean [± standard error (SE)] change in serum K+ from baseline to week 4 was −1.06 ± 0.05 mEq/L [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.16,−0.95; P < 0.001]; 76% (95% CI, 69,84) achieved serum K+, 3.8 mEq/L to <5.1 mEq/L. In the randomized withdrawal phase, the median increase in serum K+ from baseline of that phase was greater with placebo (n = 22) than patiromer (n = 27) (P < 0.001); recurrent hyperkalaemia (serum K+, ≥5.5 mEq/L) occurred in 52% on placebo and 8% on patiromer (P < 0.001). Mild‐to‐moderate constipation was the most common adverse event (11%); hypokalaemia occurred in 3%.

Conclusion

In patients with CKD and HF who were hyperkalaemic on RAASi, patiromer was well tolerated, decreased serum K+, and, compared with placebo, reduced recurrent hyperkalaemia.
Manganese Detection Using Stencil‐printed Carbon Ink Electrodes on Transparency Film
Authors: Berg Kathleen E. , Adkins Jaclyn A. , Boyle Sarah E. , Henry Charles S.
Published: October 2015

Mn concentrations were determined using square‐wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) with inexpensive, stencil‐printed carbon ink electrodes generated on polypropylene transparency films. Using an optimized pH 5 ammonium acetate buffer and addition of 1,4‐benzoquinone, a detection limit as low as 500 nM (30 ppb) was achieved. Addition of 1,4‐benzoquinone improved peak potential reproducibility and height, while addition of 3.5 % w/w sodium chloride to the background solution approximately doubled the sensitivity (μA/ppm). Tolerance tests with interfering metals were conducted and the method was found to be resilient to chromium(VI), iron(III), magnesium(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II), but susceptible to aluminum(III), copper(II), iron(II), and lead(II) at concentration ratios at or below one. This technique was successfully used to measure Mn levels in yerba mate and green tea samples as an example application.
Low Impedance Functionalised Carbon Nanotube Electrode Arrays for Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Clark James , Chen Ying , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: October 2015

Studying electrical and chemical signals of individual cells in situ requires the use of electrodes with ≤20 µm diameter. However, electrodes of this size generally produce high impedance thus perturbing recording of signals released from individual cells. Here, we substantially improve on commercial impedance values for electrodes of 20 µm diameter by using functionalised nanoscale carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the electrode material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reports an impedance of 2.43±0.45 kΩ at 1 kHz for functionalised CNT electrodes. This is a 10‐fold improvement on commercial electroplated Pt electrodes of the same size and will allow increased sensitivity of detection.
Defining the eco‐efficiency of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex in Thailand
Authors: Ounsaneha Weerawat , Rattanapan Cheerawit
Published: October 2015

The aim of this research was to define the performance of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex using eco‐efficiency. Data were collected from two concentrated latex and two rubber glove industries between 2009 and 2011 for the case study to define the eco‐efficiency by comparing product values and environmental impact indicators. Eco‐efficiency trends of rubber glove products manufactured using concentrated latex production were analyzed using a snapshot graph. The results indicated that the highest and lowest eco‐efficiency values of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex were waste production and energy consumption, respectively. Eco‐efficiency trends of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex pertaining to material consumption, energy consumption, chemical consumption, and waste production were observed as being half eco‐efficient. In addition, the hotspot of high environmental burden of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex was found to be in the process of manufacture. The definition of eco‐efficiency values and trends for rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex mentions that energy and chemical consumptions cause dominant environmental problems. Therefore, the master approach to eco‐efficiency enhancement of rubber glove products manufactured from concentrated latex developed with the four case study industries were as follows: (1) the load factor use of electricity per month, (2) increasing measurements of reduction in energy efficiency in the office concerning concentrated latex process, and (3) the installation of the production line using latex glove processes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 802–808, 2015
Power improvement of enzymatic fuel cells used for sustainable energy generation
Authors: Korkut Seyda , Kilic Muhammet Samet
Published: October 2015

Poly(3‐thiopheneacetic acid‐co‐3‐methylthiophene) conductive polymer was electrosynthesized with ferrocene and used for an enzymatic fuel cell including glucose oxidase and bilirubin oxidase enzymes. The system was operated in a single‐compartment and membrane‐less cell by using glucose as fuel. Detailed optimization ensured to achieve considerable power output to generate sustainable energy from municipal wastewater as a renewable fuel source. Maximum power density of 1 μW/cm2 was generated at a cell voltage of +0.56 V in 100 mM, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer with the addition of 10 mM synthetic glucose. The working electrodes could harvest glucose readily found in the municipal wastewater of Zonguldak City in Turkey by generating a power density of 4 μW/cm2 for the municipal wastewater sample. In this way, the organic pollutants in wastewater could be evaluated by converting them into the electrical energy using an enzymatic fuel cell for the first time. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 859–866, 2016
Seismic response analysis using characteristic ground motion records for risk‐based decision‐making (3R method)
Authors: Dolšek Matjaž , Brozovič Marko
Published: October 2015

The concept of intensity‐based assessment for risk‐based decision‐making is introduced. It is realized by means of the so‐called 3R method (response analysis, record selection and risk‐based decision‐making), which can be used to check the adequacy of design of a new building or of the strengthening of an existing building by performing conventional pushover analysis and dynamic analysis for only a few ground motions, which are termed characteristic ground motions. Because the objective of the method is not a precise assessment of the seismic risk, a simple decision model for risk acceptability can be introduced. The engineer can decide that the reliability of a no‐collapse requirement is sufficient when collapse is observed in the case of less than half of, for example, seven characteristic ground motions. From the theoretical point of view, it is shown that the accuracy of the method is acceptable if the non‐linear response history analyses are performed at a low percentile of limit‐state intensity, which is also proven by means of several examples of multi‐storey reinforced concrete frame buildings. The 3R method represents a compromise between the exclusive use of either pushover analysis or dynamic analysis and can be easily introduced into building codes provided that its applicability is further investigated (e.g. asymmetric structures and other performance objectives) and that the procedure for the selection of characteristic ground motions is automated and readily available to engineers (www.smartengineering.si).
Body Image Disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review
Authors: Ahrberg Merle , Trojca Dorothea , Nasrawi Nadia , Vocks Silja
Published: October 2015

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent binge eating without compensatory behaviour and is thus often associated with obesity. Whereas for the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, one of the main diagnostic features is a negative body image, the research criteria for BED do not include body image disturbance. Although several studies have been conducted on the occurrence of body image disturbance in BED, no review has yet summarized and integrated these findings. Therefore, the present paper reviews studies on the cognitive–affective, perceptual and behavioural components of body image. Many of the reviewed studies reveal that individuals with BED display a higher degree of weight and shape concerns than obese persons without BED. Concerning the perceptual component, no evidence exists to date that persons with and without BED differ in terms of the perception of their own body size. While many studies have examined the cognitive–affective body image component, research on the behavioural manifestations of body image disturbance is generally lacking. However, there is first evidence that persons with BED display an enhanced degree of body checking and avoidance. The results of this review indicate that body image disturbance seems to be a symptom of BED but which still requires further exploration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Relay assisted OFDMA spectrum sharing systems
Authors: Navaie Keivan , Mokari Nader
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we propose relay assisted orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDMA) spectrum sharing system. We then design downlink radio resource allocation schemes for the proposed system with the objective of maximizing the secondary service sum rate. Two cases are considered, in the first (second) case, we assume that the channel distribution information (CDI) (the channel side information (CSI)) for the channel between the secondary transmitter and primary receiver is available at the secondary base station. For both cases, we further consider the availability of imperfect CSI of the channel between the secondary base station and the relay stations and the channel between the relay stations and the secondary users. The computational complexity issue is then addressed by proposing suboptimal solutions. Extensive simulation studies show that the impact of imperfectness in channel estimation on the system performance can be controlled by employing relays in the system. Simulation studies are also conducted to compare the performance of the two earlier mentioned cases, which indicates that in case of imperfect CSI estimation, it is often better to use CDI and let the collision probability be managed through corresponding optimised radio resource allocation. Using CDI then eliminates the need for feedback signalling between primary and secondary systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk Analysis and Hedging of Parisian Options under a Jump‐Diffusion Model
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Kuk , Lim Dong‐Young
Published: October 2015

A Parisian option is a variant of a barrier option such that its payment is activated or deactivated only if the underlying asset remains above or below a barrier over a certain amount of time. We show that its complex payoff feature can cause dynamic hedging to fail. As an alternative, we investigate a quasi‐static hedge of Parisian options under a more general jump‐diffusion process. Specifically, we propose a strategy of decomposing a Parisian option into the sum of other contingent claims which are statically hedged. Through numerical experiments, we show the effectiveness of the suggested hedging strategy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:819–850, 2016
How Narrative‐Based Approaches Distort Medical Decision‐Making
Authors: Fine Alan
Published: October 2015

A commentary on a special report, titled Narrative Ethics: The Role of Stories in Bioethics, that appeared with the January‐February 2014 issue.
The Author Replies
Authors: Charon Rita
Published: October 2015

Reply to a commentary by Alan Fine.
When Evidence Is Contested
Authors: Maschke Karen J.
Published: October 2015

In February 2014, BMJ published the findings of the twenty‐five‐year follow‐up of the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study. Data from this study indicate, the article reports, that mammography screening in women aged forty to fifty‐nine does not reduce the death rate from breast cancer “beyond that of physical examination alone or usual care in the community.” Based on these findings, the authors suggest it is time to reassess the value of mammography screening. This report has reignited an often acrimonious debate about the value of screening people for various diseases when no symptoms are present. As with the recent controversy about the value of prostate cancer screening, the debate about mammography screening offers two important lessons about science, technology, and medicine: scientific evidence carries serious limitations, and we need a better approach to assessing it than the current fragmented one.
A Novel Alkaloid from Aspidosperma pyricollum (Apocynaceae) and Complete 1H and 13C Chemical Shift Assignments
Authors: do Carmo Hádria M. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Vieira Ivo J. Curcino
Published: October 2015

A novel natural product indole, alkaloid, named rel‐pyricolluminol (1), was isolated from Aspidosperma pyricollum Müll.Arg. together with six known metabolites sitsirikine (2), aparicin (3), ulein (4), stemmadenine (5), lupeol (6), and (3β)‐sitoster‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (7). These compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral data, mainly 1D‐ (1H,13C‐DEPTQ) and 2D‐NMR (1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC), and mass spectra (EI‐MS and HR‐ES‐MS), involving also comparison with data from the literature.
Antioxidative Cassane Diterpenoids from the Seeds of Caesalpinia minax
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Sheng , Guo Yan‐Qiong , Bao Jing‐Mei , Jiang Min‐Hong , Lin Shu‐Ling , Su Zhi‐You , Tang Gui‐Hua , Yin Sheng
Published: October 2015

Five new cassane diterpenoids, caesalmins I–M (1–5), and 23 known analogs were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data. The antioxidant properties of 1–28 were determined by the method of oxygen radical absorbance capacity of fluorescein (ORAC‐FL), and 14 compounds exhibited good antioxidant activities with ORAC‐FL values of 2.24–4.89 Trolox equivalents. The structureactivity relationship of the active compounds was also discussed.
The Role of Perceived External Prestige in Predicting Customer‐Oriented Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Kang Dae‐seok , Bartlett Kenneth R.
Published: October 2015

Increased attention on the relationships between customer service training and organizational results is prompting human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners to more broadly consider outcomes. This study examined the role of perceived external prestige, an underexplored area in the service excellence literature. We proposed that employee perceptions of organizational prestige relate positively with customer‐oriented citizenship behaviors (COCBs). In the perceived external prestige–COCBs relationship, we also explored the mediating role of psychological empowerment, as well as the moderating effect of organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) and leader–member exchange (LMX). Valid and reliable self‐report and supervisory evaluation measures were collected from a sample of employees from luxury hotels in South Korea. The results indicate that perceived external prestige was a significant predictor for service employees' citizenship performance and the perceived reputation impact was indirect through psychological empowerment. The study also identified LMX as a key precondition for service organizations to engage employees in customer‐oriented behaviors beyond formal role. In discussing these results, we present significant insights in terms of reputation management as a motivational and competitive strategy to be included in HRD practices focused on customer service.
Repositioning Global Staff Transfers: A Learning Perspective
Authors: Welch Denice , Steen Adam
Published: October 2015

In this article, we challenge the prevailing view that global staff transfers are a necessary cost of doing business globally by contending that such deployment is integral to successful strategic implementation. We use three scenarios—learning from failure, failure to learn, and lost opportunities—to illustrate how awareness of the consequences of decisions related to international staffing can facilitate their efficacy. Learning awareness therefore can lead to improved policies and outcomes for the management of global staff transfers and demonstrate the value HRM brings to the implementation process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Pedagogical Application of Liminalities in Social Positioning: Identity and Literacy in Singapore
Authors: STROUD CHRISTOPHER , WEE LIONEL
Published: October 2015

A growing body of research recognizes the pervasive difficulties involved in accommodating multilingual practices in the English language classroom and acknowledges that one aspect of this conundrum is the role that languages play in the constitution of student identities. Such studies point to how students use off‐stage spaces to covertly engage identities that are devalued in on‐stage classroom interaction that comes under the teacher's authority. In this article, we examine data on Singapore English classrooms at the secondary school level. By analyzing interactions in both off‐ and on‐stage spaces, we discuss how the work that students do in constructing identities can be integrated into the linguistic mediation of learning. We do this by offering an interpretation of Rampton's notion ofcrossing, emphasizing how this concept promises to link theoretical analysis and practical classroom pedagogy in a socioculturally sensitive way, one that considers the Singaporean multilingual situation and the importance of languages for identity work.
The Relationship of Reading Attitudes Between L1 And L2: An Investigation of Adult EFL Learners in Japan
Authors: YAMASHITA JUNKO
Published: October 2015

This study investigated the transfer of reading attitudes from L1 to L2, drawing on the linguistic threshold hypothesis. Participants were Japanese university‐level EFL students. Their L1 and L2 reading attitudes were estimated using a Likert scale, and their L2 proficiency was measured using a test. The study found that the students' L1 and L2 reading attitudes were different. Multiple regression analyses identified significant contributions of L1 reading attitudes in explaining L2 attitudes. The contribution of L2 proficiency was also significant in many cases but very small. Moreover, no evidence was found that the contribution of L1 reading attitude increases at higher levels of L2 proficiency. The study thus demonstrated that reading attitudes transfer from L1 to L2, but as distinct from transfer of reading abilities and strategies, the influence of L2 proficiency is much weaker and the notion of a linguistic threshold does not apply to the transfer of reading attitudes from L1 to L2.
The Policy—Practice Nexus in English Classrooms in Delhi, Johannesburg, and London: Teachers and the Textual Cycle
Authors: BHATTACHARYA RIMLI , GUPTA SNEHLATA , JEWITT CAREY , NEWFIELD DENISE , REED YVONNE , STEIN PIPPA
Published: October 2015

This article makes a methodological contribution to investigating the policy—practice nexus in the English classroom. It looks beyond language to offer a multimodal case study analysis of English classrooms in three cities: Delhi, Johannesburg, and London. The article shows how policies mediated by the agencies of the state, the school, the English department, and individual teachers are inflected and refracted through the textual cycle to position teachers and students in particular ways. The case studies show local, specific inflections of what teachers are able to do within the constraints of the policy—practice nexus and provide insights into how subject English is realised across three countries, each of which has a distinct social, historical, and cultural relation to English. This study has implications for developing teachers' critical understandings of their central role in translating subject English through the textual cycle.
No ESL in English Schools: Language Policy in Quebec and Implications for TESL Teacher Education
Authors: WINER LISE
Published: October 2015

In this article, various aspects of official language policy in Quebec are seen as interacting with contested and contesting ideologies, as experienced by novice teachers in teaching English as a second or other language within the majority French school system. The context of TESL training in Quebec is described, focusing on legislative policy and the status of English in schools. This is followed by a discussion of problems encountered in the current educational context by students in a bachelor's of education in TESL program at an English university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Several concerns were identified through student responses to a questionnaire and from reflection on their student‐teaching experiences. The resulting areas discussed here are the consequences of low student‐teacher language proficiency (English and French); ambivalent or hostile attitudes toward English or English as a second language (ESL) on the part of students and teachers in schools; (non)use of English in the ESL classroom; low motivation of ESL students; and the nature of English language and culture in Quebec. Although none of these is unique to this context, the particular circumstances, history, and ideologies in this context are major factors in the government language policy, popular language attitudes, and second language education practice. For each area of concern, specific ways in which the teacher education program addresses these concerns are described, including excerpts from a student teacher‐to‐student teacher advice handbook.
Complexities of Identity Formation: A Narrative Inquiry of an EFL Teacher
Authors: TSUI AMY B. M.
Published: October 2015

This article explores teachers' identity formation through a narrative inquiry of the professional identity of an EFL teacher, Minfang, in the People's Republic of China. Drawing on Wenger's (1998) social theory of identity formation as a dual process of identification and negotiation of meanings, it examines the lived experience of Minfang as an EFL learner and EFL teacher throughout his 6 years of teaching, the processes that were involved as he struggled with multiple identities, the interplay between reification and negotiation of meanings, and the institutional construction and his personal reconstruction of identities. The stories of Minfang highlighted the complex relationships between membership, competence, and legitimacy of access to practice; between the appropriation and ownership of meanings, the centrality of participation, and the mediating role of power relationships in the processes of identity formation.
Transforming Talk And Phonics Practice: Or, How Do Crabs Clap?
Authors: GARDNER SHEENA
Published: October 2015

This article aims first to show how a teacher, working within a nationally proscriptive, standards‐driven, mainstream context turns a form‐focused phonics practice activity into a word game that engages the imagination, intellect, and identity of 5–6‐year‐old English language learners. Based on the assumption that teacher—student interactions are crucial for bilingual students' success at school (Cummins 2000, p. 6), the transformation in the 15‐minute Literacy Hour word work activity is presented in terms of five key discourse threads related to (a) covering the curriculum, (b) surface justification, (c) deep justification through shared imaging, (d) shifting the locus of experience, and (e) playing the word game, each of which is explained by different theoretical perspectives, and each of which embodies different pedagogical principles. The subsequent discussion focuses on the fundamental changes in instructional and social assumptions about the nature of language, knowledge, learning, the curriculum, and student outcomes to explain how the traditional pedagogy implicit in the published activity develops into a constructive and then a transformative pedagogy (Cummins, 2001, p. 219). The article shows how pedagogical transformation works on multiple related assumptions and how these are realised in discourse threads weaved through the teacher—student interaction.
Dialects, World Englishes and Education: Understanding Literacy From a Global Perspective
Authors: BANERJEE SUBARNA
Published: October 2015

TESOL Quarterly welcomes evaluative reviews of publications relevant to TESOL professionals.

Dialects, Englishes, Creoles, and Education Shondel Nero

Linguistic Diversity And Teaching Nancy Commins and Ofelia Miramontes
Navigating Growth Attenuation in Children with Profound Disabilities
Authors: Wilfond Benjamin S. , Miller Paul Steven , Korfiatis Carolyn , Diekema Douglas S. , Dudzinski Denise M. , Goering Sara ,   Seattle Growth Attenuation and Ethics Working Group
Published: October 2015

A twenty‐person working group convened to discuss the ethical and policy considerations of the controversial intervention called “growth attenuation,” and if possible to develop practical guidance for health professionals. A consensus proved elusive, but most of the members did reach a compromise.
The Rationality and Morality of Dying Children
Authors: HOFFMASTER BARRY
Published: October 2015

Formal reason is not adequate to explain how we think through real‐life problems and make moral decisions. A far richer account of rationality is necessary, and research on children with leukemia illuminates it.
Childhood Psychological Trauma and First‐Year College Students' Substance Dependence
Authors: Calmes Stephanie M. , Laux John M. , Scott Holly L. , Reynolds Jennifer L. , Roseman Christopher P. , Piazza Nick J.
Published: October 2015

First‐year college students (N= 143) completed the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 and a questionnaire about childhood traumatic experiences. As the number of traumatic experiences increases, so does the likelihood of substance use in college.
The Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Survey (BABS): An Exploratory Assessment of Its Dimensionality
Authors: Day‐Vines Norma L. , Bryan Julia , Griffin Dana
Published: October 2015

The continuum of broaching behavior is a conceptual framework explicating how counselors broach or have explicit discussions about racial, ethnic, and cultural factors with their clients during treatment (Day‐Vines et al., 2007). Counselors can assume 5 particular broaching orientations: avoidant, isolating, continuing/incongruent, integrated/congruent, and infusing. The authors operationalized the continuum of broaching behavior using the Broaching Attitudes and Behavior Scale and found support for a 4‐factor model of broaching behavior.

El espectro de comportamiento de abordamiento es un marco conceptual que explica cómo los consejeros abordan o tienen discusiones específicas sobre factores raciales, étnicos y culturales con sus clientes durante el tratamiento (Day‐Vines et al., 2007). Los consejeros pueden asumir 5 orientaciones de abordamiento particulares: evasiva, aislante, continua/incongruente, integrada/congruente e infundida. Los autores operativizaron el espectro de comportamiento de abordamiento usando la Escala de Actitudes de Abordamiento y Comportamiento y hallaron respaldo para un modelo del comportamiento de abordamiento de 4 factores.