bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tekniğe İlişkin Soruşturma’nın Eko-Fenomenolojik İmkânlarıyla Mısır Adası (2014)’ndaki Doğa Kavrayışı Üzerine Düşünmek
Authors: AVCI DURSUN Derya
Published: September 2022

Nil Nehri’ndeki yıllık taşmalara bağlı olarak yaşamını düzenleyen ve ırmak kültürüne sahip olan Mısır halkı, Nil Nehri’nin kıyı şeridi bereketli ve çamurla kaplı bir araziye dönüştüğünde su ve toprak merkezli yaşamını her taşmadan sonra inşa etmiş ve toprağın imkanlarını büyütmüştür. Enguri Nehri’nin ortasındaki bir adada geçen Simindis Kundzuli (Mısır Adası, George Ovashvili, 2014)’de de benzer şekilde nehirdeki taşmalar sonrasında oluşan adacıklar çiftçilerin tarımsal faaliyetleri için verimli bir araziye dönüşür. Doğadaki bu ortaya çıkışta, toprağın ve adanın olanakları onlara “bend” kurmadan etkinliğe dönüşerek gerçekleşir. Doğaya yönelik meydan okuyucu olmayan bu tavır, Heidegger’in Varlık ve Zaman’da bahsettiği doğanın örtük kalan yanına ve Tekniğe İlişkin Soruşturma’da poiēsis’in konusu olan doğa kavramına tekabül etmektedir. Bu anlamda Heidegger, Tekniğe İlişkin Soruşturma’da örtüklük zemininden hareket ederek doğaya dair ontolojik tavrın poietik yönünü physis ve tekhnē bağlamında ele almıştır. Tekniğe İlişkin Soruşturma’da varolanın tekilliği olarak varlığının gizini açma tarzı ile doğanın bir hammadde deposu olarak ortaya çıkması arasındaki ayrım, fenomenolojinin ekolojik bir minvalde düşünülmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda Mısır Adası’ndaki doğa kavrayışı, tahakküm edici olmaktan ziyade ona teslim olmayla ilişkilendirilecek ve eko-fenomenolojiyle kurduğu ilişki değerlendirilecektir. Nitekim filmin son sekansında nehirdeki taşmaların engellenememesi ve meydana gelenin –baraka, mısır koçanları- nehrin sularıyla sürüklenmesi, nehrin bir enerji deposu olarak görülmediğini göstermektedir.
Küre Dağları Milli Parkı'nın Florası (Kastamonu Bölümü)
Authors: TUNÇKOL Bilge , HAŞAYACAK Hasan , AKSOY Necmi
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma Küre Dağları Milli Parkı’nın Kastamonu Bölümündeki florayı ortaya çıkararak alandaki bitki çeşitliliğinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında tespit edilen bitkiler APG IV sistemine göre sınıflandırılmış, endemik türlerin uluslararası IUCN tehlike kategorilerine de yer verilmiştir. 2019-2021 yılları arasında yapılan 55 arazi çalışmasında 2240 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerin teşhis edilmesiyle 100 familya, 474 cinse ait 990 taksonun alanda yayılış yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonların 49’u endemik olup, çalışma alanında tespit edilen biri dünya için yeni endemik takson, diğeri Türkiye florası için yeni bir kayıt olmak üzere iki taksonun sistematiği yapılarak ülkemiz florasına katılması sağlanmıştır. Araştırma alanında en fazla takson içeren familyalar, Asteraceae 113, Fabaceae 83, Lamiaceae 52, Apiaceae 52, ve Poaceae 51 dir. Araştırma alanından toplanan taksonların Raunkiaer’in yaşam biçimlerine göre Fanerofit 96, Kamafit 29, Hemikriptofit 517, Kriptofit 117, Terofit 231’dir.
Bayburt ili Yoncalı Köyü Merasının Mera Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAKOĞLU Adil , ÇATAL Muhammed İkbal , BAYKAL Hüseyin
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, Bayburt ilinin merkez ilçesine bağlı Yoncalı köyü mera alanında 2019 yılı içerisinde yapılmıştır. Çalışma yapılan mera alanının; toprağı kaplama oranı, botanik kompozisyonu, mera kalite derecesi ve mera durumu özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma alanının bitki örtüsü karakterleri “Lup” yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma yapılan merada, Poaceae’de 13, Fabaceae’de 7 ve diğer familyalardan 37 tane olmak üzere toplam 57 takson tespit edilmiştir. Diğer familyaların takson sayıları Amaryllidaceae (1), Apiaceae (1), Asteraceae (10), Caprifoliaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (3), Convolvulaceae (1), Crassulaceae (1), Hypericaceae (1), Lamiaceae (4), Orobanchaceae (1), Plantaginaceae (1), Polygonaceae (5), Ranunculaceae (1), Rosaceae (3), Rubiaceae (1), Scrophulariaceae (1), Urticaceae (1) şeklindedir. Meranın toplam toprağı kaplam oranı % 67.50 belirlenmiştir. Toprağı kaplama alanına göre botanik kompozisyon oranları Poaceae % 30.49, Fabaceae % 20.12 ve diğer familyalar % 49.39 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 2.93 mera kalite derecesi değeri ile meranın durumu “Zayıf” olarak belirlenmiştir.
Differential expression of BEND5 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of BEND5, encoding BEN domain-containing 5, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). BEND5 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
La tercera libertad: la corrupción y los servicios públicos
Authors: Nuñez Manuel
Published: September 2022

In this document we analyze how satisfaction with public services is dependent on the perception of how widespread corruption is, both in the service itself and in groups and officials, directly or indirectly linked to its provision. We also analyze how people build their knowledge of the causes of corruption, the weight that experience with corrupt behavior has in that construction, the diagnosis of the causes of corruption, its relationship with the measures that the state must adopt to combat corruption and the actions that individuals can take on their own to combat it.
Differential expression of REL in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of REL, encoding REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). REL transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of RTFDC1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of RTFDC1, encoding replication termination factor 2 domain-containing 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). RTFDC1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Threat-related pupil dilation impairs visual perception of fine details
Authors: Lojowska Maria , Hermans Erno , Roelofs Karin
Published: September 2022

Threat is commonly believed to impair our perception of fine visual details. Although this effect is thought to be subserved by modulation of spatial frequency-sensitive populations within visual cortex, direct evidence in favor of this hypothesis is lacking. Here, we propose an alternative, more parsimonious explanation, wherein this effect could be, in part, a consequence of pupil dilation during threat, which could impair perception purely through optical effects. To test this, we asked participants to discriminate stimuli under threat (of electric shock) and safe conditions, while we controlled for changes in pupil diameter using an artificial pupil. Interestingly, when controlling for dilation of the pupil, the typically observed threat-driven impairment in discriminating finely detailed stimuli vanished. These findings suggest that threat-driven effects, which have typically been attributed to cortical origins, should consider the role that simple extra-retinal contributions may play in influencing how we see.
Introduction to Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics: an innovative method for social and psychological research. MethodsX, 101808
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong , Le Tam-Tri
Published: September 2022

The paper introduces Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics, a new analytical tool for investigating socio, psychological, and behavioral phenomena. The strengths of this method derive from the combination of the mindsponge mechanism's conceptual formulation power and Bayesian analysis's inferential advantages. The BMF-based research procedure includes six main steps, in which the mindsponge-based conceptualization and model construction is the key step that makes the method unique. Therefore, we elaborate on the fundamental components and functions of the mindsponge mechanism and summarize them into five memorable principles so that other researchers can capitalize directly. An exemplary analysis was performed using a dataset of 3071 Vietnamese entrepreneurs’ decisiveness and perceptions of the likelihood of success/continuity to validate the method.• The paper provides five strong points of BMF analytics, originating from the good match between the mindsponge mechanism and Bayesian inference.• The paper also provides a step-by-step procedure for conducting BMF-based research.• The mindsponge mechanism's basic components and functions are elaborated and summarized into five core principles that can be applied directly for research conceptualization and model construction.
READING TO DOGS IN SCHOOLS: A CONTROLLED FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN ONLINE READING TO DOGS INTERVENTION
Authors: Steel Jill
Published: September 2022

TThis study evaluated an online multi-component Reading to Dogs (RTD) intervention named Paws and Learn (PAL). Designed as a controlled feasibility study (i.e., comparing an intervention and a control group, as well as evaluating the intervention’s practicality for the classroom), this research examined the intervention’s impact on children’s wellbeing, reading affect and frequency (RAF), children and teachers’ perceptions and experiences of PAL, and implementation considerations for the classroom. PAL consists of five components, one of which is RTD, complemented by four additional components designed to increase connection to the dog (whom they only meet virtually) and increase and consolidate benefits. RTD in schools is growing in international popularity and prevalence yet concerns about the practice exist. Online PAL was informed by a survey of teachers’ perspectives of RTD, and a co-design process combining research and practice. A pre-post-test control group design, with a mixed method evaluation was adopted. In total, 106 pupils (aged 9) and their teachers from 3 schools participated in the 4-week study. Measures included wellbeing and RAF questionnaires, and interviews with intervention class teachers (n=3) and a sub-sample of children (n=33). In general, no statistically significant differences were found in wellbeing, reading affect or frequency, however qualitative insights revealed positive perceptions and experiences of online PAL, specifically in relation to wellbeing and reading affect. Online PAL was deemed feasible for classroom use, particularly if technological challenge
Differential expression of TRAPPC12 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of TRAPPC12, encoding trafficking protein particle complex 12, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). TRAPPC12 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of TET1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of TET1, encoding tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). TET1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Historiography collected volume 3
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: September 2022

The history and sociology of computer science and technology. historiography and source material.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY MINI PYROLYSIS REACTOR RIG
Authors: Erinle Tunji John , A. Emmanuel Abraham , Akerele Olalekan Victor
Published: September 2022

There is a need to identify sustainable energy sources for producing energy without harming the environment. Renewable energy sources have the potential to significantly contribute to long-term development. A pyrolysis reactor is a device that pyrolyzes biomass materials in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas. The research focuses on creating and executing a sustainable pyrolysis reactor rig that converts waste products into valuable chemical products, using important equipment such as fixed bed reactors, heating element bands, temperature controllers, thermocouples, and power switches. The pyrolysis reactor rig was put to the test by performing a performance evaluation. Conclusively, the pyrolysis reactor could be employed in thermodynamics and energy laboratories for experimental research on any biomass and some organic compounds.
Na,K-ATPase: Structure-distribution-mechanism versus physiological and evolutionary mandates
Authors: Manoj Kelath Murali , Bazhin Nikolai , Tamagawa Hirohisa , Kavdia Mahendra , Jaeken Laurent
Published: September 2022

New techniques and elucidations in structural biology have enabled greater insights into the functioning of proteins. Since its discovery in 1957 by Jens Skou, the membrane protein of Na,K-ATPase (NKA, also known as sodium-potassium pump) has been a focus of intense study, owing to its centrality in neuro-cardio-musculo electrophysiology. Herein, we first take a brief stock of some historical discordance in the field of electrophysiology and revisit the context of formulation of the classical mechanism of NKA. Via a series of critical queries starting from the geometric/spatio-temporal considerations of diffusion/mass transfer of solutes in cells to an update on structural/distributional features of NKA in diverse cellular systems, and from various mechanistic aspects of ion-transport (thermodynamics, osmoregulation, evolutionary dictates, etc.) to assays/explanations of inhibitory principles like cardiotonic steroids, we highlight some unresolved problems in the field. This essay exhorts the scientific community to venture beyond the deterministic/stoichiometric (3Na:2K ratio) of bidirectional ion-pumping by NKA, for reasoning the theoretical foundations, experimental findings, and outstanding conundrums.
Differential expression of SYNGR1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SYNGR1, encoding synaptogyrin 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). SYNGR1 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of BAGE in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of BAGE, encoding B melanoma antigen, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). BAGE transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of FBLN1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of FBLN1, encoding fibulin 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). FBLN1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of FSTL4 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of FSTL4, encoding follistatin-like 4, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). FSTL4 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Working at the Intersection of Research and Practice: The Love to Read Project
Authors: McGeown Sarah Patricia , Oxley Emily , Ricketts Jessie , Shapiro Laura
Published: September 2022

There is growing interest in the use of research-practice partnerships in education, in an attempt to narrow the widely recognised gap between educational research and practice. However, there is a tendency for partnership research to be weighted towards first-person accounts and the majority of literature comes from the US. This article describes the process of researcher-teacher collaboration to co-design an educational programme, and teachers’ evaluation of this process, set within the context of a longer-term research-practice partnership in the UK. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges and methodological considerations associated with research-practice partnerships. Implications for future research-practice partnerships are highlighted, as are lessons learnt for those interested in working collaboratively and productively at the intersection of research and practice.
Value: ethics and social sciences
Authors: Thắng Nguyễn Văn
Published: September 2022

In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of something or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are prospective and prescriptive beliefs; they affect the ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes.
Differential expression of DNLZ in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of DNLZ, encoding DNL-type zinc finger, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). DNLZ transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Hard to forget: No Directed Forgetting of Stimulus-Response Associations
Authors: Dames Hannah , Ragni Marco , Kiesel Andrea , Pfeuffer Christina Ursula
Published: September 2022

Humans can intentionally forget previously-learned declarative information such as words: Memory for to-be-remembered (TBR) words is typically better than for to-be-forgotten (TBF) ones (directed forgetting effect). The role of intention in the learning and retrieval of procedural bindings is, however, less clear. Here, we combined item-method directed forgetting and item-specific S-R priming to investigate whether people have intentional control over the formation and/or retrieval of stimulus-response (S-R) associations: By categorizing stimuli in a learning phase participants formed S-R associations. A memory cue following participants’ responses indicated to remember or forget the stimulus for a later memory test. In the following test phase, participants responded to the same stimuli, but the required response item-specifically repeated or switched. In four experiments, reaction time differences between item-specific repetitions and switches (item-specific S-R effect) did not differ between TBR and TBF stimuli. This was the case when S-R associations already existed before the memory instruction was given (Exp. 1), when stimuli, responses, and memory cues were paired multiple times (Exp. 2), when forming new S-R associations (Exp. 3), and when categorizing word stimuli rather than images (Exp. 4). Thus, intentionally up- and/or downregulating the memory strength of a stimulus representation does not necessarily go hand in hand with the strengthening of the associated response. These results can be explained by two accounts: either top-down control can selectively operate on different levels of representations (and does not incidentally affect an entire event file) or that separate memory systems store procedural and declarative content.
Americans Discount the Effect of Friction on Voter Turnout
Authors: Mazar Asaf , Tomaino Geoffrey , Carmon Ziv , Wood Wendy
Published: September 2022

Whether or not someone turns out to vote depends on their beliefs (such as partisanship or sense of civic duty) and on friction—external barriers such as long travel distance to the polls. In this exploratory study, we tested whether people underestimate the effect of friction on turnout and overestimate the effect of beliefs. We surveyed a representative sample of eligible US voters before and after the 2020 election (n = 1,280). Participants’ perceptions consistently underemphasized friction and overemphasized beliefs (mean d = 0.94). In participants’ open-text explanations, 91% of participants listed beliefs, compared with just 12% that listed friction. In contrast, turnout was shaped by beliefs only slightly more than friction. The actual belief-friction difference was about one- fourth the size of participants’ perceptions (d = 0.24). This bias emerged across a range of survey measures (open- and close-ended; other- and self-judgments) and was implicated in downstream consequences such as support for friction-imposing policies and failing to plan one’s vote.
Multivariate Time-Series Signals of Affect Dynamics and Neural Oscillations with Suggested Applications to Technology to Identify Depression Risk
Authors: Jamal Rinaz , Kullar Monica
Published: September 2022

Despite extensive research documenting the impact of depression on basic human developmental parameters (employment, health, education, social roles, and overall quality of life), multiple individual and systemic barriers limit accessibility to clinical assistance among vulnerable populations. Research-backed digital interventions, such as smartphone applications, may serve as convenient and reliable tools for detecting and monitoring depressive symptoms and attenuate the increasing pressure on conventional mental health resources. This review analyzes some of the most notable risk factors of MDD (low self-esteem, stress, depressive rumination, and genetics) and evaluates the significance of key time-series signals of affect dynamics (average levels, granularity, variability, instability, inertia) and electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns (power spectrum of frequency bands, alpha asymmetry) in predicting critical transitions in depressive symptom severity. An evidence-based prototype for a smartphone application that can reliably integrate multivariate time-series signals of affect dynamics and neural oscillations is proposed, to prospectively anticipate and detect affective abnormalities with greater accuracy in individuals susceptible to depression.
Why equivalence and invariance are both different and essential for scientific studies of culture: A discussion of mapping processes and theoretical implications
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Karl Johannes Alfons , Luczak-Roesch Markus
Published: September 2022

We contribute to recent discussions about the role of invariance testing in cultural, multi-group and longitudinal research by highlighting that these debates obscure two different questions. Most researchers are interested in the quality of a first mapping process of concepts onto numerals, that is the quality of measurement. Due to a lack of independent data, researchers typically resort to a second mapping, focusing on the differential item functioning of items relative to each other. This second mapping links items to proposed constructs and the question is about symmetry of observational patterns across measurement occasions. Importantly, additional theoretical assumptions are invoked during this process, which can be queried through invariance testing. Using multiple items to index a shared construct is quite a different question compared to what researchers typically want to know, namely, whether the measurement process itself is free of bias. We argue that invariance testing is a theory-testing process rather than a pure methodological tool. We use three examples to highlight that a) the two mapping processes are distinct and b) that paying attention to invariance as the second mapping process is of theoretical (and not just methodological) interest for researchers interested in culture, over and above a concern with the first mapping. We also briefly discuss a third mapping process, which has been suggested as an alternative to invariance testing. We highlight shortcomings of these recent recommendations. Our plea is that researchers pay more attention to invariance testing as a theory-guided process.
Jurors Use Mental State Information to Assess Breach in Negligence Cases
Authors: Margoni Francesco , Brown Teneille
Published: September 2022

To prove guilt, jurors in many countries must find that the criminal defendant acted with a particular mental state. However, this amateur form of mindreading is not supposed to occur in civil negligence trials. Instead, jurors should decide whether the defendant was negligent by looking only at her actions, and whether they were objectively reasonable under the circumstances. Even so, across four pre-registered studies (N=782), we showed that jurors do not focus on actions alone. US mock jurors spontaneously rely on mental state information when evaluating negligence cases. In Study 1, jurors were given three negligence cases to judge, and were asked to evaluate whether a reasonably careful person would have foreseen the risk (foresight) and whether the defendant acted unreasonably (negligence). Across conditions, we also varied the extent and content of additional information about defendant’s subjective mental state: jurors were provided with evidence that the defendant either thought the risk of a harm was high or was low, or were not provided with such information. Foresight and negligence scores increased when mock jurors were told the defendant thought there was a high risk, and negligence scores decreased when the defendant thought there was a low risk, compared to when no background mental state information was provided. In Study 2, we replicated these findings by using mild (as opposed to severe) harm cases. In Study 3, we tested an intervention aimed at reducing jurors’ reliance on mental states, which consisted in raising jurors’ awareness of potential hindsight bias in their evaluations. The intervention reduced mock juror reliance on mental states when assessing foresight when the defendant was described as knowing of a high risk, an effect replicated in Study 4. This research demonstrates that jurors rely on mental states to assess breach, regardless of what the legal doctrine says.
Multidimensional Stereotypes Emerge Spontaneously When Exploration is Costly
Authors: Bai Xuechunzi , Griffiths Tom , Fiske Susan
Published: September 2022

Stereotypes of social groups have a canonical multidimensional structure, reflecting the extent to which groups are considered competent and trustworthy. Traditional explanations for stereotypes – group motives, cognitive biases, minority/majority environments, or real-group differences – do not specify a broadly applicable mechanism that explains why stereotypes vary along multiple dimensions. We show that multidimensional stratification and the associated stereotypes can result from a simple mechanism: When individuals make self-interested decisions based on past experiences in an environment where exploring new options carries an implicit cost, they are more likely to separate groups. We formalize this theory with the contextual multi-armed bandit problem, use the model to generate testable predictions, and evaluate those predictions against human behavior. Our results show that even well-intentioned and attentive individuals living in diverse environments can inadvertently impede diversity and form incorrect beliefs. A further theoretically motivated experiment shows intervening on the cost of exploration can mitigate stereotypes.
Why do we think? The dynamics of spontaneous thought reveal its functions
Authors: Mildner Judith N. , Tamir Diana
Published: September 2022

Spontaneous thought makes up most of everyday cognition. Why do we devote so much time and cognitive resources to spontaneous thought? Here, we test two of the leading hypotheses about the functions of spontaneous thought: First, we test the hypothesis that spontaneous thought improves memory efficiency. Under this hypothesis, the dynamics of spontaneous thought should resemble the pseudorandom memory replays that optimize memory storage and facilitate learning such that spontaneous thought prioritizes detailed, vivid simulations. Next, we test the hypothesis that spontaneous thought helps us achieve our goals. Under this hypothesis, spontaneous thought should prioritize goal-relevant content. We use natural language processing tools to quantify the dynamics of thought in a large sample of think aloud data. Results suggest that the dynamics of spontaneous thought both support memory optimization and keep us focused on current concerns.
Etiology and personality traits in severe and morbid obesity
Authors: de campos vieira wilson
Published: September 2022

This article is a review from which it seeks to formulate hypotheses that, although not empirically tested, are supported by the convergence of formulations from different sources. No study on obesity can ignore that in the USA the rates of severe and morbid obesity are comparatively much higher than in other countries. I related it to Italy whose food is equivalent to the American in calories and has a similar fast-food system. Divorce, which has a much higher rate in the USA, increases the frequency of obesity among the offspring. The American individualist culture would be at the origin of the greater number of divorces, and also of the loss of community roots. The breakdown in the feelings of family union could be the unconscious cause of an intensification of the wish to eat, since food has an implicit meaning of union, derived from breastfeeding. Further, the individual culture increases the investment in verbal communication, at the expense of non-verbal forms. Several studies highlight the factor of extroversion in obesity, which comes hand in hand with verbal investment. Other studies show a dominance factor measured by the tendency to simultaneous speech and interruptions. Severe/morbid obesity provides an abnormal reproduction, characterized by an excess of self-affirmation, of the evolutionary process that ranges from loss of intimacy in practicing grooming, in monkeys, to the appearance of verbal language, due to the increase in the number of group members. Exemplifying with Orson Welles and Sir Winston Churchill.
Building a Qualitative Framework for an Analysis of High Dosage Tutoring
Authors: Zhou Todd , Cohen-Rider Tristan , Chan Catherine , Leung Myla , Gautam Ananya
Published: September 2022

High Dosage Tutoring (HDT) is the intentional use of additional time with a specific focus on building prerequisite knowledge and skills while simultaneously integrating new learning that is part of the grade-level curriculum. Tutoring provides an environment for students to share their difficulties in understanding a topic, for the tutor can explain to the student in different comprehensible manners. Studies have shown how students' grades have improved with one-on-one or small group tutoring. There is very little research on teachers' perceptions of high dosage tutoring and the benefits to students if they attend. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to find out the impacts of HDT from educators' perspective based on the survey collected from Winston Churchill High School tutors. A qualitative framework was built to analyze high-dosage tutoring in this study, including a series of survey questions with data collection and analysis methods and tools. Besides analyzing how different practices affect tutoring outcomes, this study reveals that HDT was mostly effective in helping students gain a better grasp of concepts. There are also instances where students become more dependent on the tutor as they save the questions in class to ask to their tutor.
Restrições e reações: sobre COVID-19 e as manifestações na Alemanha
Authors: Oppermann Daniel
Published: September 2022

Ao longo do ano de 2020, a COVID-19 se tornou um fator dominante na polı́tica e mı́dia alemãs. As primeiras percepções dos representantes do governo declaradas em janeiro de 2020, de que o novo vı́rus seria de importância mı́nima, foram rapidamente substituı́das por uma série de medidas para proteger apopulação do que foi então oficialmente declarado uma pandemia. No final de fevereiro de 2020, o Ministro da Saúde alemão Jens Spahn e o Ministro do Interior Horst Seehofer formaram o primeiro grupo de gerenciamento da crise para tratar dos desafios que estavam por vir. Quando medidas oficiais começaram a restringir direitos civis e forçaram as empresas a fechar temporariamente, movimentos de protesto apareceram em diferentes partes do paı́s. Mobilizada através de campanhas online e canais de mı́dias sociais, parte da população da classe média alemã formou grupos de protesto e viajou pelo paı́s para participar de um crescente número de eventos de protesto. Em agosto de 2020, a capital alemã, Berlim, se tornou o palco de manifestações polı́ticas organizadas por grupos regionais e relativamente desconhecidos de indivı́duos com agendas polı́ticas diversas. Aglomerações de até 40.000 cidadãos de diferentes origens ocorreram, nas quais os participantes se articulavam criticamente com relação às medidas polı́ticas e legais tomadas pelo governo para tratar da crise causada pela COVID-19. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer um panorama inicial desse movimento de protestos estabelecido recentemente que, em poucos meses, se desenvolveu de grupos regionais de protestos da classe média para um caso de monitoramento da agência de segurança doméstica alemã.
Governança da Internet e Segurança Cibernética no Brasil
Authors: Oppermann Daniel
Published: September 2022

A governança da internet e a segurança cibernética estão relacionadas entre si. Essa observação ficou clara já nos primeiros dias dos debates internacionais sobre a governança da internet, que aconteceram durante a primeira década do século XXI principalmente em torno de Fórum de Governança da Internet (FGI) das Nações Unidas. Desde então, o número de atores de vários países envolvidos nos debates sobre a internet está cada vez maior. Também no Brasil o interesse nos tópicos relacionados à internet está aumentando e a quantidade de usuários está crescendo. Ao mesmo tempo, aumenta a preocupação com a segurança cibernética no país. Este artigo analisa a situação atual da segurança cibernética no Brasil e pretende enquadrar o assunto no contexto da governança da internet.
Kim Kardashian is a Leader
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Kim Kardashian is a LeaderKim is well known for being: a reality television star, professional model, social media influencer, and designer.Leadership Qualities: hard worker, kind, confident, good communicator, and accountability. All of these qualities are great for being a leader. Kim does what she thinks is morally right and is a confident decision maker. She is very business oriented, so her accountability is remarkable. She has worked toward every goal she has every had and achieved it, and that makes a great leader.Leadership Style: I’d say she follows a mixture of integrated and authoritarian. On one hand, she tries to help others and do her best work in order to benefit her co-workers. On another hand, she likes things being done her way, which she considers perfect.
Google Classroom in the English Language Teaching Learning during Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Makarim Hanifah Nuha , Maya Sari Dina Merris
Published: September 2022

In the context of preventing the transmission of covid-19, education at all levels has been transferred online. Google Classroom is a service created by Google for institutions education whose use has the full support of the Ministry of Education and Culture. After four times conduct English language lectures at STKIP PGRI SIDOARJO face-to-face, process it changes to an online system using Google Classroom. This research aims to know how to use the application in online classrooms, what advantages are there on the application in relation to English courses and what obstacles perceived by students and lecturers in using Google Classroom. Data were collected from 10 students obtained from the test instrument and questionnaire. The results showed the use of this online platform can motivate students to learn English. This matter can be seen with an increase in their language skills. In addition, students feel happy to learn with the application because the features available are easy to understand and also efficient in the use of time. However, Google Classroom also has weaknesses such as the display less interesting, file delivery that must be monitored and time settings that can still be changed. However, in general, the use of these applications can be a good choice as an online learning medium.In the context of preventing the transmission of covid-19, education at all levels has been transferred online. Google Classroom is a service created by Google for institutions education whose use has the full support of the Ministry of Education and Culture. After four times conduct English language lectures at STKIP PGRI SIDOARJO face-to-face, process it changes to an online system using Google Classroom. This research aims to know how to use the application in online classrooms, what advantages are there on the application in relation to English courses and what obstacles perceived by students and lecturers in using Google Classroom. Data were collected from 10 students obtained from the test instrument and questionnaire. The results showed the use of this online platform can motivate students to learn English. This matter can be seen with an increase in their language skills. In addition, students feel happy to learn with the application because the features available are easy to understand and also efficient in the use of time. However, Google Classroom also has weaknesses such as the display less interesting, file delivery that must be monitored and time settings that can still be changed. However, in general, the use of these applications can be a good choice as an online learning medium.Keywords: Google Classroom, Technology, English Language
Campur Kode dalam Pidato Presiden Joko Widodo Pada Konferensi Forum Rektor Seluruh Indonesia
Authors: Prasatyo Bayu Andika , Santosa Santosa , Kurniyawati Yayu
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini mencoba menyibak kejadian campur kode yang terjadi pada sebuah percakapan. Masalah yang akan diangkat adalah bentuk dari campur kode serta faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode pada pidato presiden Joko Widodo pada acara konferensi forum rektor seluruh Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjabarkan bentuk campur kode serta menjelaskan faktor penyebab adanya campur kode itu sendiri yang terdapat pada pidato presiden Joko Widodo. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yakni dengan teknik menyimak serta mencatat hasil percakapan yang terdapat pada objek penelitian. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah ujaran yang disampaikan presiden Joko Widodo dalam pidato beliau pada acara konferensi rektor seluruh Indonesia dalam bentuk video yang diduga mengadung gejala campur kode. Terdapat hasil yang diperoleh dari fenomena campur kode pada pidato tersebut, yakni adanya campur kode external berupa peralihan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris. Sementara faktor penyebab terjadinya campur kode ini adalah faktor identifikasi peran, faktor identifikasi ragam serta faktor keinginan menafsirkan.
Mapping economic and social effects of Covid-19 in ASEAN economies
Authors: Bin Abdul Satar Abdul Hadi , Hakimah Yaacob
Published: September 2022

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has created a perfect storm of crises in ASEAN member countries (AMCs). Before the Covid-19 crisis, economic inequalities were prevalent all across AMCs at domestic and regional levels and the majority of the population was confined to surviving on low and insecure incomes. The main objective of this study is to explore the economic and social effects among AMCs and how Covid-19 interacted with these effects. Our study indicates that stark and myriad economic inequalities persist among low-income and rural poor societies of high-income countries in the ASEAN ranging from wealth, access to healthcare and education services, gender-based inequalities, deprivation of basic resources and services, and asymmetry in employment and migration opportunities for certain groups. We predict that Covid-19 will exacerbate these inequalities consequently pushing marginalised and vulnerable people into extreme poverty and may further escalate health and economic risks. AMCs governments need to focus on developing an inclusive economic recovery process to strengthen the poorly protected social safety nets, address the gender-based issues and consider the inclusion of marginalised and vulnerable communities while developing health and economic recovery policies to mitigate Covid-19 impacts. Our findings provide a roadmap to the governments and policymakers scrambling for resources to combat the Covid-19 social and economic impacts.
Türkiye Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Altfamilyası Üzerine Yeni ve Ek Notlar
Authors: ÖRGEL Semih
Published: September 2022

In this study, new and additional records of 15 species of the Aleocharinae subfamily (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are presented from Türkiye. Among them, Dinusa cretica Assing, 2013 is the first record from Türkiye. Besides, Autalia longicornis Scheerpeltz, 1947 and Maurachelia roubali (Lohse, 1970) from the Marmara Region and Enalodroma hepatica (Erichson, 1839) from the Aegean Region are reported for the first time. In addition, new records are given for many provinces of Türkiye.
Prodidomus rufus Hentz, 1847 (Arachnida: Araneae), Irak'ın Güneyinden Dişinin Yeniden Tanımlanması ve Yeni Erkek Kaydı
Authors: AL-YACOUB Ghassan
Published: September 2022

The female of the species Prodidomus rufus Hentz 1847, which was previously recorded from Al-Najaf province in central Iraq, was described inaccurately. Therefore, we re-described it as the males were first recorded in Al-Gharraf district, north of Thi Qar province- southern Iraq, depending on the copulatory organs (Palp and Epigynum) illustrated in the figures and have a role in distinguishing between species. The habitus of males and females, leg parts measurements of males and females, and a map of specimen’s locations are also presented.
A New Record for Spider Fauna of Cyprus: Porrhoclubiona genevensis (L. Koch, 1866) (Araneae, Clubionidae)
Authors: KUNT Kadir Boğaç , ÖZDEN Özge , ÖZKÜTÜK Recep
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada Kıbrıs adasının kuzeyinden toplanan erkek ve dişi bireyler üzerinden Porrhoclubiona genevensis türü, Kıbrıs’ın örümcek faunası için yeni bir kayıt olarak rapor edilmektedir. Makale içerisinde türün genel görünüş ile eşeysel organlarının fotoğrafları verilmiş ve ayrıca P. genevensis türünün adada dağılım gösteren P. vegeta (Simon, 1918) ile olan yapısal benzerliği de tartışılmıştır.