bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Update of specific electric loads of public premises located in residential buildings
Authors: Soluyanov Yu. I. , Akhmetshin A. R. , Soluyanov V. I.
Published: July 2021

THE PURPOSE. To determine the composition of electricity consumers in apartment buildings. To analyze the power consumption of organizations located on the first two floors of apartment buildings. To justify the need to update the standards for electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. METHODS. Information on electricity consumption was received by automated electricity metering system from smart meters installed directly at consumers. To achieve this goal, statistical methods for analyzing energy consumption were used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, provides a rationale for adjusting the normative values of specific electrical loads for public premises built into residential buildings. The percentage of consumer groups is shown on the example of several apartment buildings. The annual specific average monthly graphs of electricity consumption are presented: shops, offices, pharmacies, restaurants. CONCLUSION. In an effort to increase the level of comfort, developers are interested in developing the infrastructure of the facilities, mainly for this, they use ground and first floors, in which retail and office areas are most often located. Research by the Roselectromontazh Association has shown that to determine the electrical load of non-residential commercial premises, one has to use one averaged value due to the constant change in the purpose of premises and the complexity of determining the occupied area.
Prospects for the development of the energy complex of the North-East of Russia
Authors: Volotkovskaya N. S. , Semenov A. S. , Bebikhov Y. V. , Shevchuk V. A. , Fedorov O. V.
Published: July 2021

THE PURPOSE. To analyze scenarios for the development of the energy complex of one of the regions of the North-East of Russia for the period up to 2030 with a target vision until 2050. This will require an analysis of the current state of the energy complex; show the latest changes in the power supply system; propose promising areas for the transfer of electricity. METHODS. To assess the current state of the electric power industry, from the point of view of the most efficient use of natural energy resources and the potential of the energy sector of the economy, methods of collecting and processing statistical data were applied. For the technical assessment of the state of electric power facilities, analytical and logical- probabilistic methods for determining reliability were applied. To predict energy consumption, mathematical modeling methods were used with the construction of approximating polynomials. RESULTS. The article evaluates the strategic and moderate scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in modern conditions, taking into account the increase in the energy efficiency of the region's economy. The indicators of electricity consumption throughout the republic, the Western Energy District and the decentralized power supply zone were subject to assessment. Long-term forecasts made do not confirm the development of events according to a more stringent strategic scenario. At the same time, the results for the moderate scenario are fully correlated with both the current state of the energy sector and the prospects for its development. CONCLUSION. Analysis of the current state and assessment of scenarios for the development of the energy sector of the republic's economy showed an increase in the reliability of power supply systems when organizing a "ring" in the Western Energy District; increase in useful electricity consumption by 2030; increase in electricity production; changes in the structure of electricity production.
The Concept of a Natural Object As an Element of the Forensic Databases
Authors: Dronova O. B. , Ryzhkov I. V.
Published: July 2021

A natural object as an element of the system of accounting and registration activities has a dual nature, which determines the multidirectional functional purposes of its use. On the one hand, as an object of reference funds, it conveys a system of properties and attributes inherent in it as in an independent material object. On the other hand, a natural object acts as one of the forms of keeping forensic records, containing important information about a trace-forming object and the mechanism of trace formation. The currently existing theoretical approaches to the deﬁnition of a “natural object” do not fully consider its speciﬁcity and the variety of its constituent elements.

The article addresses the etymological, subject, and functional approaches to the essence of a natural object, determining its position and status in the system of forensic databases. The analysed features determine the possibility of using this form of information storage as an object of identiﬁcation, diagnostic and situational expert research. The authors propose a “natural object” deﬁnition as a material source of primary (primary-reﬂected) objective information, containing a set of properties and features resistant to time factors that form derived information. The suggested deﬁnition provides a precise understanding of the considered analysed of a “natural object” for further use in departmental regulatory documents and scientiﬁc and practical works.
Some Features of Diagnostic Research of Short Handwriting Objects Performed in the Armenian Language
Authors: Aloyan M. A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses a speciﬁc area of handwriting expertise – research of the completed short notes with deliberately changed handwriting. The author emphasizes that the expertise of these objects due to their small volume is a highly complex identiﬁcation problem. The article pays special attention to short notes made in the Armenian language, highlighting and describing their speciﬁc features such as the degree of compression, slowing down the pace of movement with an unreasonable stop of the writing instrument, presence of blunt initial and ﬁnal strokes. The slant is an essential factor in expert research of the short notes performed with the deliberate change of writing. Also, the change in the tempo leads to a sharp simpliﬁcation of letter structures and incomplete execution of letter elements; simultaneously, complications of individual letters or their elements can be observed. The author analyzes all these statements in-depths using speciﬁc examples.
Organizational, Legal and Methodological Issues of Forensic Ecology in the EAEU Countries
Authors: Mikhaleva N. V.
Published: July 2021

The article addresses the current state of forensic ecology in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Armenia, and the Republic of Belarus. The author has analyzed the relevant publications and the data of the oﬃcial websites of forensic organizations conducting this type of forensic examination. The article presents the methods used by forensic ecologists, highlights the problems they face.

The paper also reveals the unequal level of forensic ecology in Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Belarus; simultaneously, it shows that the need for its improvement is recognized in all these countries. Finally, the author notes that for such a development, mutual exchange of experience is essential, as well as the validation of methodological materials developed primarily in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, with a view to their application in other countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, especially when conducting forensic examinations in cases related to the cross-border negative anthropogenic impact on environmental objects.
Forensic Expertise in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)
Authors: Kokin A. V.
Published: July 2021

The fourth industrial revolution basing on computer and information technologies, various software, hardware is rapidly gaining momentum in the modern world. First of all, these include big data processing technologies, blockchain, Internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, 3D printing, printed electronics, artiﬁcial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology. Alongside the positive eﬀects, it is expected that the revolution will lead to some negative social consequences, including the growth of intellectual and high-tech crime. The article aims to analyze the causes and conditions of emerging new crime resulting from Industry 4.0 and their eﬀect on the development of forensic science.

The author highlights that the speciﬁc factors which will determine the future of forensic activity are: the appearance of creative and well-educated individuals, the emergence of “grey areas” in law, the development of global partnerships interested in international supranational rule-making, increasing of transnational crime. The rapid development of science and technology will require investigators and courts to promptly solve various speciﬁc scientiﬁc and technical tasks, eventually determining the objects and subjects of new forensic examinations, primarily from the ﬁeld of information technology. Specialists predict a breakthrough in the development of cognitive computing and expert systems equipped with artiﬁcial intelligence, which has considerable potential in forensic science. There are signs of the shaping of a common forensic space, which will include not only existing elements of the institute of forensic examination (state and non-state institutions) but large industrial corporations, as well as the most active, technologically advanced individuals.
Sub-theory of Standardization of Forensic Activity in the General Theory of Forensic Science
Authors: Chesnokova E. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the main provisions of the sub-theory of standardization in the forensic expert activity, its place in the theoretical foundations of forensic expertology, and its relationship with other sub-theories of this science.

The author defines the concepts of the subject, the object of the standardization sub-theory in forensic activity, highlights its specifics. The article emphasizes the favorable impact on the development of domestic standardization in forensic activities of foreign experience in the implementation of theoretical developments on standardization, including the formation of a hierarchy of its standards. It is shown that for the development of the sub-theory of standardization in forensic science, it is advisable to use the results of the introduction of standardization mechanisms in the practice of accredited forensic laboratories under the international standard GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2019 “General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”, taking into account the theoretical foundations of forensic science.
Central Andean Railway in Peru
Authors: Graff M.
Published: July 2021

Built in the late 19th century, the Central Andean Railway in Peru was created through attracting foreign capital and foreign engineering ideas. Large-scale plans for exploitation of the richest deposits of copper, silver and gold formed the basis for construction of this railway line. The engineering solutions used in this project impress specialists even today. In particular, the so-called zigzags, which made it possible to lay a route along the inaccessible mountain ranges of the Andes. As the main investor of the project, American entrepreneur Henry Meiggs, once once said that the train will arrive there where llama can get.

The chief engineer, author of the project, overseeing construction of the Central Railway, was Ernest Malinowski, a Polish specialist, honorary citizen of Peru.

«The project of engineer Ernest Malinowski provides for construction of a railway line at an altitude of almost 5000 meters above sea level , which is impossible. The implementation of the bridges and viaducts designed by him seems to be risky», – this is how his contemporaries evaluated the project of the Polish engineer.
„Ich bringe euch in die Wüste der Völker“ (Ez 20,35)
Authors: Neuber Carolin
Published: July 2021

Among many other peculiarities of the Book of Ezekiel, the numerous movements and spatial terms mentioned in it stand out. Using the cultural-anthropological concept that underlies rites of passage and related transitional phenomena (A. van Gennep, V. Turner) some of them can be taken as elements of a transitional process. Therefore, the spatial structure in Ezek. 20 and in the overall layout of the Book of Ezekiel is used to illustrate that the Babylonian exile is a necessary liminal phase of the transition from Israel’s status as an apostate people to a new status given by JHWH.
STRATEGI REYOG ONGGO PATI DI ERA KAPITALISME
Authors: Jatmiko Dheny , Poerbowati Endang
Published: July 2021

Kondisi terkini yang semakin dikuasai oleh kapitalisme dan komersialisasi menuntut segala bidang untuk beradaptasi agar dapat bertahan dan berkembang. Dalam seni tradisional, serangkaian inovasi dilakukan bukan sekadar untuk mendapatkan keuntungan secara komersial, namun untuk tetap menjaga penerimaan generasi terbaru pada seni tradisi tersebut sehingga proses pewarisan akan lebih mudah dilakukan. Sebaliknya, bagi yang berpegang pada orisinalitas berpandangan pewarisan harus tetap dilkukan namun tidak diperkenankan untuk melakukan perubahan-perubahan pada pakem yang telah ditentukan oleh leluhur. Seni reyog yang berasal dan berkembang di Kabupaten Ponorogo juga mengalami hal serupa. Ketika banyak kelompok reyog lain melakukan inovasi dengan mengubah pakem, kelompok Reyog Ongopati yang berada di Desa Plunturan, Kecamatan Pulung, Kabupaten Ponorogo mendeklarasikan diri bahwa seni reyog yang dihasilkannya adalah seni reyog asli sesuai dengan pakem yang diturunkan leluhur. Dengan narasi orisinalitas ini, Reyog Onggopati berhasil untuk terus bertahan dalam duani seni reyog, bahkan menginisiasi Desa Plunturan sebagai desa budaya dengan daya tarik wisata berupa seni reyog pakem Onggopati. Strategi lain yang diterapkan oleh Reyog Onggopati adalah menjalin kolaborasi dengan pemerintah desa, sinergi dengan masyarakat (sosial dan budaya), sinergi dengan agama, dan dukungan dari keluarga untuk proses regenerasi.
Economics of production and marketing of mandarin in Parbat and Baglung districts of Nepal
Authors: BARAL Samata , MARAHATTA Santosh , SHRESTHA Anish
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted in mandarin growing areas of Parbat and Baglung districts of Gandaki Province where total of 67 representative farmers and 20 traders were selected as sample, in which 36 farmers were from Parbat and 31 farmers were from Baglung district. The average cost of Mandarin production per ropani (19.66 ropani= 1 hactare) was NRs. 17220 highest contributor being labor cost with 43.82 percent of share. Average return and profit of Mandarin farming per ropani was NRs. 48,978 and NRs. 31,757 respectively with B:C ratio of 2.93. Average return, profit and B:C ratio was found to be significantly higher in Parbat than Baglung. The Cobb-Douglas production function of Mandarin farming shows, output of Mandarin farming is significantly and positively affected by expenditure on labor, land rent, and cost of nutrients with the increasing return to scale (1.097). Producer-Pre-harvest contractor–Wholesaler-Retailor-Consumer was most prominent marketing channel with 55 percent share of total sold volume. Inadequate irrigation facility was the most prominent production problem, while poor marketing facility and access to market information were the most prominent marketing problems faced by farmers. Difficulty in transportation was recognized as the most prominent marketing problems faced by mandarin traders. Average marketing margin and producers’ share were NRs. 45.95 and 57.41 percent respectively both of which were highest in Parbat. In Parbat, harvesting is carried in January and February, which serves as off-season production in domestic markets, which ensures higher per unit price for respective district’s output among two districts.
The Relationship between Political and Cultural Identity:A Case of Bengali Muslim of Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder Md.Ishtiaq Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Bangladesh’s ages old Bengali culture and heritage started from its language. Bangladesh has appeared as an independent country not long ago. It had to pay millions of lives within short period of time for its independence from Pakistan. This study will try to focus on the root cause which had affected the public perceptions and mobilise them towards war and defined their cultural identity. This article also discusses culture, cultural and political identity and their relationship in changing political thought and lastly the development of Bengali cultural identity into a political one in Muslim majority Bangladesh.
Analisis Terkait Perilaku Netizen Indonesia Dalam Fenomena Ujaran Kebencian dan Bullying di Media Sosial
Authors: Santi Karunia
Published: July 2021

Saat ini tingkat penggunaan media sosial atau media online di Indonesia terutama di tahun 2019-2021 sekarang ini sangatlah tinggi, selain karena faktor berkembangnya teknologi yang semakin maju tapi tentu juga di pengaruhi oleh faktor kondisi pandemik Covid-19 saat ini. Sehingga tidak mengherankan bahwa sekarang berbagai bentuk hatespeech(ujaran kebencian) bahkan cyber bullying online menjadi suatu masalah yang sering terjadi saat ini. Terutama ketika dilaksakannya pemilihan presiden RI, banyak sekali ujaran kebencian bahkan hoax yang beredar secara online. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi ataupun gambaran mengenai ujaran kebencian dan bullying di media sosial saat ini. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Dari semua komentar yang ada, tema komentar yang paling bisa menarik perhatian netizen adalah isu agama dan SARA. Ujaran yang tak pantas, menghina, dan melecehkan merupakan suatu hal yang tak bisa terhindari.
On Research Integrity in Arboriculture and (Urban) Forestry: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Sterken Peter
Published: July 2021

Commercial tree risk assessment methods and devices have been amply marketed, and corresponding criteria taught world-wide, in the last 30 years. However, their scientific documentation is not always clear, while data and evidence that would support strong claims often seem to be lacking. Irresponsible Research Practices (IRP) and Fabrication, Falsification and Plagiarism (FFP) in science appear to have become a major concern over the last decades. And arboriculture is not as subjected to scrutiny as other research fields such as e.g. virology or cancer biology. Hence, it is not unreasonable to suppose that IRP/FFP may have slipped in, and generated or sustained flawed leads. Which, in turn, could cause long-lasting damage such as unforeseen accidents related to fallen trees and palms, inappropriate evidence adduced in court cases or suboptimally invested funding. This qualitative, systematic review addresses the question whether IRP/FFP could have pervaded arboriculture and (urban) forestry, while generating or sustaining flawed leads. More than 600 publications were reviewed for potential inclusion. Evidence was assembled from literature that offered innovative concepts and new ideas, allegedly scientific and solid results or have made a great impact in the research field and beyond. More than one hundred publications were finally included to support the arguments. Results show that several influential claims currently seem to have the quality of unsupported suggestions, against which contrary evidence can easily be found. Some examples seem to resemble research misconduct symptoms as described in specialised literature on Research Integrity. There also seems to be a high probability of clubs of authors who assert to validate similar tree risk assessment tools from several renown but competing firms, in journals of dissimilar prestige, but this would need to be confirmed using a detailed analysis. It is recommended that a public and long-overdue debate be started on the direction, rigour and transparency of arboricultural research, as only then real progress can be made. Moreover, voices have been raised in favour of criminalising research misconduct and the observations made herein may thus be of interest to a wider public.
Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Sosial (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor : 199/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.TBH)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
Mobile phone-based interventions for mental health-A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Goldberg Simon , Lam Sin U , Simonsson Otto , Torous John , Sun Shufang
Published: July 2021

Mobile phone-based interventions have been proposed as a means for reducing the burden of disease associated with mental illness. While numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have investigated this possibility, evidence remains unclear. We conducted a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses examining mobile phone-based interventions tested in randomized controlled trials. We synthesized results from 14 meta-analyses representing 145 randomized controlled trials and 47,940 participants. We identified 34 effect sizes representing unique pairings of participants, intervention, comparisons, and outcome (PICO) and graded the strength of the evidence as using umbrella review methodology. We failed to find convincing evidence of efficacy (i.e., n > 1000, p < 10-6, I2 < 50%, absence of publication bias); publication bias was rarely assessed for the representative effect sizes. Eight effect sizes provided highly suggestive evidence (i.e., n > 1000, p < 10-6), including smartphone interventions outperforming inactive controls on measures of psychological symptoms and quality of life (ds = 0.32 to 0.47) and text message-based interventions outperforming non-specific controls and active controls for smoking cessation (ds = 0.31 and 0.19, respectively). The magnitude of effects and strength of evidence tended to diminish as comparison conditions became more rigorous (i.e., inactive to active, non-specific to specific). Four effect sizes provided suggestive evidence, 14 effect sizes provided weak evidence, and eight effect sizes were non-significant. Despite substantial heterogeneity, no moderators were identified. Adverse effects were not reported. Taken together, results support the potential of mobile phone-based interventions and highlight key directions to guide providers, policy makers, clinical trialists, and meta-analysts working in this area.
Nghiên cứu KHXH vì sự toàn vẹn lãnh thổ Việt Nam
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: July 2021

Đúng dịp Bộ trưởng Quốc phòng Hoa Kỳ Lloyd Austin có chuyến thăm cấp cao tại Việt Nam, các cán bộ nghiên cứu của Trung tâm ISR cũng đã có bài báo nghiên cứu được xuất bản trên tập san Asia Policy về chủ đề Công ước Biển UNCLOS 1982. URL: https://isr.phenikaa-uni.edu.vn/vi/post/tin-tuc/nghien-cuu-khxh-vi-su-toan-ven-lanh-tho-viet-nam
Tinjauan Yuridis Putusan Hakim Terhadap Perkara Tindak Pidana Ancaman Kekerasan Melalui Media Elektronik (Studi Perkara Nomor : 291/PID.SUS/2018/PN.TBH)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: July 2021

Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal (1) Negara indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk republik.1 Indonesia pada dasarnya penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan berada pada kekuasaan pemerintahan pusat dan pemerintahan daerah hanyalah melaksanakan urusan-urusan pemerintahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat melalui desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi maupun tugas pembantuan.Penerapan desentralisasi dan dekonsentrasi pada negara kesatuan adalah merupakan perwujudan dari distribution of power antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Sebagai konsekuensinya terjadi penyerahan dan/atau pelimpahan urusan pemerintah pusat.
The word as a unit of internal predictability
Authors: Mansfield John
Published: July 2021

A long-standing problem in linguistics is how to define ‘word’. Recent research has focused on the incompatibility of diverse definitions, and the challenge of finding a definition that is cross-linguistically applicable (e.g. Haspelmath 2011; Gijn and Zúñiga 2014; Bickel and Zúñiga 2017; Tallman 2020). In this study I take a different approach, asking whether one structure is more word-like than another based on Shannon’s (1948) concepts of predictability and information. I hypothesise that word constructions tend to be more ‘internally predictable’ than phrase constructions, where internal predictability is the degree to which the entropy of one constructional element is reduced by mutual information with another element. I illustrate the method with case studies of complex verbs in German and Murrinhpatha, comparing verbs with selectionally restricted elements against those built from free elements. I propose that this method identifies an important mathematical property of many word-like structures, though I do not expect that it will solve all the problems of wordhood.
Stakeholders of (De)-Radicalization. D3.1 Country Report. Horizon 2020 project ‘De-Radicalisation in Europe and Beyond: Detect, Resolve, Re-integrate’ (959198).
Authors: Moulin-Stozek Maria
Published: July 2021

Poland continues to benefit from the minimal threat of terrorism. A corollary of this is that polls indicate that fewer citizens believe that a terrorist attack could take place in Poland. It means that politicians who use fear of terrorism in political discourse are losing one of their leading arguments. However, radicalisation in the form of a general hostility to openness and diversity is becoming more and more popular, and is therefore gradually being recognised as an ongoing threat for internal security. This report has summarised the context, structures, agents and channels of radicalization and de-radicalization. Among the most important challenges it identified lack of independent criminological research into the number of (unreported) hate-motivated crimes against minorities, as well as legal evaluation of the relationship between hate speech and freedom of speech in the Polish context to properly challenge xenophobic and racist narratives.
Lower urinary tract symptoms in pre-menopausal women and its association with sexual dysfunction
Authors: Mishra Gourav Kumar , Mishra Urvashi , Hasan Arshad , Ahmad Ahsan , Jabin Nusrat , Chandra Vipin Kumar
Published: July 2021

Background: Sexual dysfunction (SD) is one of the common problems observed by premenopausal women and it frequently exists along with other associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to evaluate the correlation between SD in pre-menopausal women with LUTS.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between March 2018 to February 2019. All sexually active premenopausal women, who presented with complains of LUTS were enrolled in this study. All included patients were given two types of questionnaires (Bristol female lower urinary tract symptom [BFLUTS] and pelvic organ prolapse-urinary incontinence sexual function [PISQ-12]). These were for the assessment of LUTS and sexual function. Assessment of association between presence of LUTS and sexual dysfunction was done.
Results: A total of 105 women were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 43.70 years and BMI was 29.49. The total mean BFLUTS score recorded was 28.12. Their sub-dimension scores recorded for the filling, voiding, incontinence symptoms, sexual function and quality of life were 8.21, 34.32, 12.21, 4.49, and 10.65, respectively. Total mean score of PISQ-12 was 23.72 in all women and the mean values for the sub-dimension scores were 5.21 for the behavioural-emotive state, 11.78 for the physical state, and 6.2 for the partner-related state. There was Negative association observed between the total of PISQ-12 scores and total and sub-dimension of the BFLUTS scores (p<0.01).
Conclusion: This study observes the presence of LUTS in women with sexual dysfunction. LUTS directly or indirectly increase the sexual problems in premenopausal women. These results highlight the clinical importance of evaluating LUTS in premenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.
Comparison of bilateral medial rectus recession vs recession-resection as surgery for infantile esotropia
Authors: Gupta Aman Kumar , Bajracharya Kabindra , Yadav Roshan Dev , Rai Salma K.C.
Published: July 2021

Background: Infantile esotropia is misalignment of eyes from bifoveal fixation where surgical correction at an early age usually presents with good outcomes.
Aims and Objective: To compare the surgical outcome between bilateral medial rectus recession (BMR) and recession- resection (RR) surgery in infantile esotropia.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa, from December 2017 to December 2018. Patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgical correction were included in the study. Patients were examined pre operatively, and post operatively at day one and third month, where the angle of deviation was measured and the level of binocular single vision (BSV) was assessed. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS program.
Results: Total 79 patients were included in the study out of which 33 underwent BMR and 46 underwent RR. The mean pre-operative angle by PBCT was 52.58 PD (SD ±15.468) in the BMR group and 47.83 PD (SD ±12.140) in the RR group. Post-operative deviation in the BMR group had angle <35 PD. In the RR group the post-operative deviation observed was <35 PD, whereas 1/46 patients had angle between 35-50 PD. All patients who had residual esotropia (ET) in either the BMR or RR group had a pre-operative angle above 50 PD. Pre-operatively 43% had fusion and rest of them had suppression. Post-operatively 40.5% had fusion, 15.2% had stereopsis and rest of them had suppression or BSV could not be assessed in them. Therefore, there was increase in BSV by 2.5% from fusion to stereopsis. Those who initially showed suppression or in whom the BSV could not be assessed pre-operatively now showed to have fusion or some stereopsis. In total there was 15.2% increase in stereopsis.
Conclusion: Though cosmesis has been improved in most patients after strabismus surgery, BSV improvement was insignificant as most surgery was performed after attainment of visual maturity. No significant difference between BMR and RR was found in terms of improvement of angle of deviation and BSV.
A Hemodynamic Study to assess response, tolerance and dose optimization of Carvedilol in Child Class A patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Nazir Shaheen , Ahmed Zeeshan , Mohamad Muzzafer , Ahmad Afaq , Ahmed Wasim , Haq Inaam -ul- , Hussain Altaf
Published: July 2021

Background: Carvedilol has an established role in Chronic Liver disease (CLD) associated Portal Hypertension, however its role in specific subclasses of CLD has not been studied, neither the factors leading to non-response thereby predisposing such patients to variceal bleed with empiric therapy.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was. 1. To evaluate the hemodynamic response to Carvedilol and optimum dosage in patients of CTP Class A Cirrhosis. 2. To determine any clinical variables that would help in differentiating responders from non-responders.
Materials and Methods: In forty-three consecutive patients of chronic liver disease Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) Class A with esophageal varices, Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG) was measured at baseline, 90 minutes after initial administration of 12.5 mg of Carvedilol and after 3 months of dose optimization.
Results: Twenty-one (48.8%) patients demonstrated Acute Response and after dose optimization Chronic Response was seen in 29 (67.4%) patients with additional 8 (18.6%) patients responding to dose optimization. Fourteen (32.55%) patients failed to show any response. Low pre-drug Cardiac Output (CO), High pre-drug mean arterial pressure (MAP), more than 2.5mmHg drop in HVPG acutely, higher dose toleration of more than 18.5mg and lower change in HR predicted response.
Conclusion: Patients with CTP Class A Cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension and Esophageal Varices tolerate Carvedilol well and nearly two-thirds show hemodynamic response when dose is optimized over a period of time, including patients who initially show no acute response. Nearly one-third of patients show no response even after dose optimization.
Insomnia as a benign presentation of fatal familial insomnia (FFI). A case report from Malaysia
Authors: Kiat Richard Teo Soon , Chung Law Wan
Published: July 2021

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant prion disease. The chief clinical features include an organic sleep disorder associated with sympathetic overdrive, motor and bulbar compromise as well as progressive cognitive decline. Death ensures in 100% of cases with a mean survival duration of 18 months from time of symptom onset. Treatment strategies in the management of FFI remains largely symptomatic with greater emphasis placed on palliative care services. We report a case of a 31-year old gentleman (Mr G) who presented with insomnia, sleep behavior disturbances, diplopia, myoclonus and transient global amnesia. A family history of a paternal aunt with similar presentation who passed away raised the suspicion of probable FFI, which was subsequently confirmed by genetic testing. Mr G is the first reported definitive FFI case of Malaysian Chinese descent. Standard MRI imaging and CSF analyses are insufficient in the workup of an individual with probable FFI. PET scan, polysomnogram and genetic studies are required for cases with high index of suspicion. In view of the rapid progression of the disease with significant cognitive impairment within months of symptom onset, we advocate for early diagnosis and a biopsychosocial patient-centered treatment approach.
Practice of Dramatic Performance in Barka Dance
Authors: K. C. Durga Lal
Published: July 2021

Barka dance is one of the greatest dramatic performances of Tharu Culture. This traditional Tharu dance is performed to keep locals safe from danger and diseases. Barka, which literally translates to ‘big’ in the Tharu language is based on the tales of the Mahabharata and TharuLokMahabharat, Barkimar. The dance, which is carried out from the day of Krishna Janmasthami to Tihar is performed after a long cultural and religious procedure. Condensed versions of this dance are frequently performed during different festivals and fairs. The complete dance requires worshipping different gods and goddesses. They need more than 3o artists to perform the Barka dance. Every character performs a different role according to the story of Mahabharata. They tell the whole story through songs and performance of the characters. It is very important to perform drama in Barka dance for the Tharu community. They learn the message of the story easily watching the performance rather than telling the story. So it is a very traditional practice in the Tharu community. This dance is at risk of extinction because of its time, cost and lack of artists.
Drug Utilisation Pattern in Ear, Nose and Throat Inpatient Department using WHO Prescribing Indicators
Authors: Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Sah Bajarang Prasad
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Assessment of drug utilisation pattern (DUP) based on World Health Organisation (WHO) drug prescribing indicators would enhance the standards of patient care at all levels of the healthcare. It helps to improve the quality of life in developing countries like Nepal.

Objective: To assess DUP in patients admitted in ear, nose and throat inpatient department at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Nepal using the WHO prescribing indicators.

Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 96 patients in ENT department of a tertiary care teaching hospital from February-April 2019. Pre-designed proforma was used to collect the relevant data from the medical case sheets and drug charts. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results: Out of 96 patients, 52 (54.17%) were female. Most of the patients (46, 47.18%) were pre­scribed four drugs. Combination of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol (77, 19.74%) was the commonest prescribed drug. Ceftriaxone (62, 63.92%) was the most frequently prescribed systemic antibiotic. The average number of drugs per prescription was 4.06. None of the drugs were prescribed by generic name. Out of 360 drugs, only 118 (30.26%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and 117 (30.00%) drugs were fixed drug combinations. Ninety two (95.83%) patients had been prescribed at least one antibiotic.

Conclusions: The prescribing practices of essential medicines, generic drugs, antibiotics and inject­able drugs showed deviation from the standard recommended by the WHO. The prescribers should be motivated to enhance prescription of drugs by generic names and from NLEM.
Student Aid Reforms in Quebec: Is Changing the Clawback Rate Better than Changing the Base Grant?
Authors: Bouchard St-Amant Pier-André , Morin Hugo
Published: July 2021

We examine two ways through which student financial aid can be reformed: a cut in the rate at which the aid is clawed back with earned income or an increase in the threshold at which this clawback applies. We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of these options. We show that both reduce incentives to work, although the clawback rate does so less. Cuts to clawbacks also deliver a bigger boost to financial aid for those most in need, although they may benefit students higher in the income distribution. We argue that governments might consider a policy that reduces clawback rates, but within a reasonable range of earned income.
A national survey of self-reported mental health of Veterans pursuing post-secondary education in Canada
Authors: Ogrodniczuk John S. , Laidler Tim , Oliffe John L.
Published: July 2021

LAY SUMMARY

This article details self-reported mental health symptoms among Canadian Veterans pursuing post-secondary education in Canada. Participants reported high prevalence of psychological symptoms, most notably feeling exhausted (80.5%) and overwhelmed (78.9%). More than 1 in 10 respondents reported seriously considering suicide (13.4%), and 5.9% had attempted suicide in the past 12 months. Furthermore, 8.7% of respondents had indicated intentional self-harm (cut, burned, bruised, or otherwise injured themselves) within the past 12 months. The findings reflect significant mental health symptoms for Veterans attending Canadian colleges and universities, underscoring the need to provide tailored services to safely integrate Veterans into campus life.
(AB)USE OF GOLDEN PARACHUTES IN STATE-OWNED COMPANIES IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Authors:   Academy of Vocational Studies of Southern Serbia, Blace Department, Mitić Nebojša R. , Đorđević Slaviša M. ,   Faculty of Economy Priština-Kosovska Mitrovica
Published: July 2021

Golden parachutes represent one of the preventive defence antitakeover measures based on which contracts are concluded with the engagement of team of managers of the target company, promising them the payment of profitable compensation in case of occurrence of transactions related to takeover of control (purchase of a certain percentage of shares or direct offer to shareholders for a certain percentage of company shares). Contract rights called the golden parachutes are activated by the creation of one or more alternative events, or "triggers." (Un)intentional incorrect application of the golden parachutes may have not only significant negative consequences on the future performance of companies, but it can also deter potential investors from the decision to invest their capital in companies that have entered into such agreements with the engaged team of managers. Numerous cases of incorrect application of the golden parachutes can be found in the former socialist countries, as well as in the countries that emerged from the dissolution of Yugoslavia.
ROMANIA: THE EFFICIENCY AND PERSPECTIVE FOR TRANSPORT OF PASSENGERS ON RAILWAYS
Authors:   SC Interregional SRL - (private railway transport operator), Romania, Elena Muț Clara , Benea Ciprian Beniamin ,   University of Oradea, Strada Universității nr. 1, Oradea 410087, Romania, Negrea Adrian ,   University of Oradea, Strada Universității nr. 1, Oradea 410087, Romania, Adina Săcară-Onita ,   University of Oradea, Strada Universității nr. 1, Oradea 410087, Romania, Andra Catarig ,   University of Oradea, Strada Universității nr. 1, Oradea 410087, Romania
Published: July 2021

As main premises related to transport generally indicate, all the more so in Europe, where the prosperity of continent will depend on the capacities of all European regions to maintain full integration in the world economy, competitively; and efficient transport systems are cornerstones to achieve this. In this perspective, this paper is an analysis of the main performance parameters which are necessary to sustain an efficient railway transport system at the national level. The study is based on data and information centralized by The Authority for Railway Reform (Autoritatea pentru Reforma Feroviara – ARF) during three years, when there were in force contracts of public transport services related to people transport on railways (January 2016 –September 2019).
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS SPECIFIC TO INVESTMENTS APPLICABLE IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Luta (Manolescu) Daniela Alice , Ioana Adrian ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Tufeanu Daniela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Juganaru Daniela Ionela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Cezarina Ene Bianca ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2021

Our starting point is the definition and classification of investments, both financial and accounting. Thus, in a financial sense, an investment represents the change of an existing and available amount of money, with the hope of obtaining a higher but probable income in the future. In the accounting sense, an investment is the allocation of an amount available for the purchase of an asset, which will determine the future financial flows of income and expenses. Investments can be classified into two categories: domestic investments - consist of the allocation of capital for the purchase of machines, equipment, constructions, licenses, patents, etc. Their purpose can be to reduce costs, increase production, improve quality, increase market share, etc.; foreign investments - consist of capital investments in shares in other companies. They are also called financial investments and aim to increase the value of the company and diversify sources of income. We also analyze in this article the investment decision. The investment decision is the most important financial decision which a manager has to make. An investment usually involves allocating large sums of money in the long run, with a relatively high degree of risk. We also present and analyze both the stages of establishing an investment decision and the methods of evaluating an investment project. The article also presents management elements regarding the investment recovery term; discounted net value method, investment risk assessment.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS SPECIFIC TO THE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT-INNOVATION (RDI) ACTIVITIES
Authors:   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Cezarina Ene Bianca , Ioana Adrian ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Tufeanu Daniela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Ionela Juganaru Daniela ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania, Luta (Manolescu) Daniela Alice ,   University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2021

This article presents the main elements specific to the evaluation of research and development and innovation activities: evaluation of scientific research activity; evaluation of the staff involved; valuation of tangible assets; valuation of intangible assets. Also, we present in the article the two ways of approaching the evaluation of research, development, innovation: macroeconomic approach; microeconomic approach. The comparative analysis is based on the management by results and the management by objectives in the field of research activities, development, and innovation. In this context, we present the economic-financial indicators used in the evaluation of the research, development, innovation: the rate of new sales; cost savings rate; revenues from research development innovation.
SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES
Authors:   Faculty for Applied Ecology – Futura, Pozeska 83a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Kosanovic Nada , Vjestica Suncica ,   Faculty for Applied Ecology – Futura, Pozeska 83a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2021

Despite the fact that we live in a country where the farmers' associations are created among the first on the Old Continent, and where one of the first Institute for Nature Protection is created, statistics warn us that the demise of several hundred Serbian villages and thus the emptying of strategically important areas of the state of Serbia today, is a serious development problem. In this paper an analysis of the rural, age and educational structure of the population, in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia, has been performed. The authors believe that the situation is not hopeless and point out that the sustainable development of the village is possible only if favorable local preconditions for it are met. Therefore, it is necessary to revive and institutionally expand the competencies of rural local communities as a form of local rural self-government in the Serbian folk tradition. Accordingly, decentralization and polycentric development are the main conditions for the renewal of the population and devastated parts of Serbia. Moreover, native networks and integrated rural development are models applicable through LAP in accordance with the characteristics of the area. Nowadays, it is necessary to raise people's awareness of the importance of rural survival and sustainable management of resources in agriculture, i.e. to breathe new life into rural areas, which would also be a motive for staying in the countryside.