bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core Values Versus Common Sense
Authors: Kreps Tamar A. , Monin Benoît
Published: September 2014

When a speaker presents an opinion, an important factor in audiences’ reactions is whether the speaker seems to be basing his or her decision on ethical (as opposed to more pragmatic) concerns. We argue that, despite a consequentialist philosophical tradition that views utilitarian consequences as the basis for moral reasoning, lay perceivers think that speakers using arguments based on consequences do not construe the issue as a moral one. Five experiments show that, for both political views (including real State of the Union quotations) and organizational policies, consequentialist views are seen to express less moralization than deontological views, and even sometimes than views presented with no explicit justification. We also demonstrate that perceived moralization in turn affects speakers’ perceived commitment to the issue and authenticity. These findings shed light on lay conceptions of morality and have practical implications for people considering how to express moral opinions publicly.
Nominating under constraints
Authors: Gommans Rob , Cillessen Antonius H. N.
Published: September 2014

Children’s peer relationships are frequently assessed with peer nominations. An important methodological issue is whether to collect unlimited or limited nominations. Some researchers have argued that the psychometric differences between both methods are negligible, while others have claimed that one is superior over the other. The current study compared both methods directly in a counterbalanced design among 112 8–12-year-old elementary school children. Overall, both methods revealed comparable results, although some significant and noteworthy differences were found. The use of unlimited nominations was recommended for questions related to social status (preference, popularity). Some method differences varied by gender. Implications for future peer relations research were discussed.
The impact of accommodative coping on well-being in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Thomsen Tamara , Fritz Viktoria , Mößle Regine , Greve Werner
Published: September 2014

Coping research has consistently shown that accommodative coping is positively correlated with individuals’ health. Until now, however, there have been little to no studies on the prognostic impact of accommodative coping on health, and only a few studies investigating its buffering effect on the relation between stress and health in childhood and adolescence. Thus, two main research questions were tracked in two longitudinal studies: Study 1 investigated if accommodative coping is indeed a functional resource that longitudinally predicts well-being in a sample of N = 403 adolescents (aged 12–15 years at Wave 1). Study 2 examined the function of accommodative coping under stressful conditions by investigating its buffering effect on the negative impact of school-related stress on well-being in a sample of N = 86 children (aged 9–12 years at Wave 1). Study 1 revealed accommodative coping longitudinally predicting well-being, and, conversely, there was no prediction of well-being through accommodative coping over time. Study 2 revealed a significant moderating effect and gives a first indication that accommodative coping buffers the negative impact of school-related stress on well-being in childhood. The results indicate that accommodation is a functional coping resource in adolescence that diminishes the negative impact of specific stressors. All main and further results are discussed, and implications for further research are given.
What can we hold against populism?
Authors: Wolkenstein Fabio
Published: September 2014

Populist movements have become key players in European politics. These movements are readily criticized by journalists or political rivals, yet none of the common objections to populism seems to arrest their success. This article turns to normative political theory to cultivate sensitivity to problems arising from some existing arguments against populism, and to explore possible alternatives. It offers a critical reading of prototypical liberal and conservative arguments against populism, and proposes that the principles of solidarity and procedure provide good grounds for a sustainable critique of populism.
The Empathetic Meme: Situating Chris Crocker Within the Media History of LGBT Equality Struggles
Authors: Scott D. Travers
Published: September 2014

This essay argues for the historical significance of a viral video and its memes within mediated struggles for Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender equality. Informed by affect, sound, and media studies, I argue that Chris Crocker’s “LEAVE BRITNEY ALONE!” helped form empathy for these populations. Through a close reading of the video, historical contextualization, and examining responses, I describe how his user-generated video, spread widely across various media, can be appreciated as one component in changing social attitudes. To accomplish this, I viewed and transcribed LEAVE BRITNEY ALONE!, examined comments, parodies, and other reactions, reviewed media coverage of Crocker at the time and since, and consulted historiographies, trend analyses, and other material on Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender equality struggles in the 21st century.
Pathologic and Molecular Virologic Characterization of a Canine Distemper Outbreak in Farmed Civets
Authors: Techangamsuwan S. , Banlunara W. , Radtanakatikanon A. , Sommanustweechai A. , Siriaroonrat B. , Lombardini E. D. , Rungsipipat A.
Published: September 2014

In October 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in Thailand. The disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of Asian palm civets ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n = 18), a masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata; n = 1), and small Indian civet ( Viverricula indica; n = 1). Clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and seizures. All civets were positive for canine morbillivirus using the commercial canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen test kit. Consistently observed necropsy findings consisted of severe pneumonia and hemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopic examination revealed severe gastroenteritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, lymphadenitis, necrotizing dermatitis, nonsuppurative polioencephalitis, and characteristic intranuclear/intracytoplasmic eosinophilic viral inclusions in multiple tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed immunoreactivity of varying intensity, while virus isolation demonstrated typical cytopathic effects. To confirm CDV infection, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction against fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed bands of expected size using conjunctival swabs (9 civets, 1 dog [ Canis lupus familiaris] living on the farm). Phylogenetic analyses and restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the civets were infected by the Asia-1 strain of CDV commonly found in dogs in Thailand. The deduced amino acid sequences of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule binding region of the CDV-H proteins revealed a Y549H mutation in both CDV-infected Asian palm civets ( n = 4) and a co-located dog. We report a canine distemper outbreak in a civet colony with lineage classification and a Y549H mutation in noncanid species in Thailand.
Immunohistological Description of Nongestational Ovarian Choriocarcinoma in Two Female Mice With Conditional Loss of Trp53 Driven by the Tie2 Promoter
Authors: Castiglioni V. , Ghahremani M. Farhang , Goossens S. , Maglie M. De , Ardizzone M. , Haigh J. J. , Radaelli E.
Published: September 2014

Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a tumor of germ cell origin seldom described in nonhuman species. Few spontaneous cases are reported in macaques and mice, with the B6C3F1 strain overrepresented. This report describes 2 cases of ovarian choriocarcinoma in nulliparous female mice with conditional loss of Trp53 under the Tie2 promoter. The mouse line was maintained on a mixed genetic background including Crl: CD1(ICR) and 129X1/SvJ strains. In both cases, affected ovary was partially replaced by blood-filled lacunae lined by neoplastic trophoblast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed folate-binding protein and prolactin and were invariably negative for p53. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report characterizing this entity in a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) line. Considering that germ cells (the cell population from which NGCO originates) constitutively express Tie2 receptor, it can be speculated that Tie2-driven deletion of Trp53 may have played a role in the development of these tumors.
Annual Life History–Dependent Gene Expression in the Hypothalamus and Liver of a Migratory Songbird
Authors: Trivedi Amit K. , Kumar Jayant , Rani Sangeeta , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2014

Birds seasonally switch from one life history state (LHS) to another to maximize their fitness. Accordingly, they exhibit distinct differences in their physiological and behavioral phenotypes between seasons. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying changes through the seasons have scarcely been examined in migratory birds. The present study measured key genes suggested to be involved in the metabolic regulation of 4 photoperiodically induced seasonal LHSs in a long-distance migratory songbird, the blackheaded bunting ( Emberiza melanocephala). Buntings were held under short days (8 h light:16 h darkness, 8L:16D), during which they maintained the winter nonmigratory phenotype. Then they were exposed for several weeks to long days (13L:11D). Differences in the activity-rest pattern, body fattening and weight gain, testis size, organ (heart, intestine) weights, and blood glucose and triglyceride levels confirmed that buntings sequentially exhibited spring migration–linked premigratory, migratory, and postmigratory LHSs under long days. The mRNA levels of circadian genes involved in metabolism ( Bmal1, Clock, Npas2, Rorα, and Rev-erbα) and of genes that encode for proteins/enzymes involved in the regulation of glucose ( Sirt1, FoxO1, Glut1, and Pygl) and lipids ( Hmg-CoA; Pparα, Pparγ; Fasn and Acaca) showed LHS-dependent changes in their light-dark expression patterns in the hypothalamus and liver. These initial results on genetic regulation of metabolism in a migratory species extend the idea that the transitions between LHSs in a seasonal species are accomplished by changes at multiple regulatory levels. Thus, these findings promise new insights into the mechanism(s) of adaptation to seasons in higher vertebrates.
Measuring Social Reactions to Female Survivors of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault
Authors: Relyea Mark , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: September 2014

For women who disclose sexual assault, social reactions can affect post-assault adjustment. Approximately half of the sexual assaults of adult women involve alcohol use. Experimental studies indicate that people put more blame on women who were drinking before the assault, yet no studies have assessed how often actual survivors receive social reactions specific to their alcohol use. This study presents a new measure to assess alcohol-specific social reactions for survivors of sexual assault (The Social Reactions Questionnaire–Alcohol, SRQ-A). Factor analyses of a large community sample indicated that women often receive both positive and negative alcohol-specific reactions when disclosing assault. Discriminant validity confirmed that such reactions are distinct from other types of assault-related social reactions. Against predictions, alcohol-specific reactions were not associated with depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, binge drinking, or intoxication. However, in support of the hypotheses, alcohol-specific reactions were related to increased characterological self-blame and alcohol problems. Notably, such reactions had both positive and negative relationships with self-blame, indicating a potential avenue for intervention. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Building Adaptive Expertise and Practice-Based Evidence
Authors: Mason-Williams Loretta , Frederick Jacqueline R. , Mulcahy Candace A.
Published: September 2014

Preparing pre-service special educators to meet classroom demands requires teacher preparation programs to design experiences for students to demonstrate routine expertise, while also building adaptive expertise. In this article, the authors describe a capstone project that meets these needs and prepares pre-service special educators for their role in the development of practice-based evidence. These aims align well with the Council for Exceptional Children’s Professional Standards. To describe this project and how it meets these aims, we used the Implementation Stages framework. Outcomes reflect an increase in pre-service special educators’ ability to research and design usable interventions based on evidence-based practices. Implications for special education teacher preparation programs include the need for faculty to provide instruction in a wide variety of interventions, and to provide channels for the pre-service special educators to disseminate their research within the field.
Social Relationships and Hypertension in Late Life
Authors: Yang Yang Claire , Boen Courtney , Mullan Harris Kathleen
Published: September 2014

Objective: Social relationships are widely understood to be important for sustaining and improving health and longevity, but it remains unclear how different dimensions of social relationships operate through similar or distinct mechanisms to affect biophysiological markers of aging-related disease over time. Method: This study utilized longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of older adults from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005-2011) to examine the prospective associations between social integration and social support and change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertension risk over time. Results: Although both social relationship dimensions have significant physiological impacts, their relative importance differs by outcome. Low social support was predictive of increase in SBP, whereas low social integration was predictive of increase in risk of hypertension. Discussion: The different roles of relationship characteristics in predicting change in physiological outcomes suggest specific biophysiological stress response and behavioral mechanisms that have important implications for both scientific understandings and effective prevention and control of a leading chronic condition in late life.
The characterisation of a gust generator for aerodynamic testing
Authors: Saddington AJ , Finnis MV , Knowles K
Published: September 2014

An experimental investigation was conducted to characterise the gust environment generated by a cascade of sinusoidally oscillating vanes in the Cranfield University 1.52 m by 1.14 m low-speed, open-jet, closed-circuit wind tunnel operating at 7.5 ms−1 and 14.5 ms−1. Measurements were made at four stream-wise and three vertical positions in the flow-field downstream of the vanes using a cross-wire anemometer. The oscillation angle of the vanes was set at ±8° and ±12° with frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1.0 Hz and 2.0 Hz corresponding to a reduced frequency of between 0.01 and 0.07. The vertical components of velocity and turbulence intensity were shown to be consistent for the range of measurement points chosen. The peak vertical velocity component downstream of the vanes was shown to be proportional to the maximum vane angle of attack but largely independent of reduced frequency.
Multiple failure prognosis of landing gear retraction/extension system based on H∞ filtering
Authors: Chen Jie , Ma Cunbao , Song Dong
Published: September 2014

Aiming at the different colored noises and multiple failure modes in engineering practices, an efficient prognostic tool based on stochastic filtering-based method is presented to predict the landing gear retraction/extension system’s time to failure in this paper. Through the operational principle and failure characteristic analysis, the major failure modes and monitoring parameters are chosen for failure prognosis, and then the dependency matrix (D-matrix) which describes the relationship between these two items is built to isolate different failure modes. Afterwards, the H∞ filter is used to track the measurement parameter and predict the time to failure with predefined confidence interval. In the end, with the D-matrix, the final failure modes for system can be isolated.
Evidence for Hand-Size Constancy: The Dominant Hand as a Natural Perceptual Metric
Authors: Linkenauger Sally A. , Geuss Michael N. , Stefanucci Jeanine K. , Leyrer Markus , Richardson Beth H. , Proffitt Dennis R. , Bülthoff Heinrich H. , Mohler Betty J.
Published: September 2014

The hand is a reliable and ecologically useful perceptual ruler that can be used to scale the sizes of close, manipulatable objects in the world in a manner similar to the way in which eye height is used to scale the heights of objects on the ground plane. Certain objects are perceived proportionally to the size of the hand, and as a result, changes in the relationship between the sizes of objects in the world and the size of the hand are attributed to changes in object size rather than hand size. To illustrate this notion, we provide evidence from several experiments showing that people perceive their dominant hand as less magnified than other body parts or objects when these items are subjected to the same degree of magnification. These findings suggest that the hand is perceived as having a more constant size and, consequently, can serve as a reliable metric with which to measure objects of commensurate size.
Social-Network Complexity in Humans Is Associated With the Neural Response to Social Information
Authors: Dziura Sarah L. , Thompson James C.
Published: September 2014

Humans have evolved to thrive in large and complex social groups, and it is likely that this increase in group complexity has come with a greater need to decode and respond to complex and uncertain communicatory signals. In this functional MRI study, we examined whether complexity of social networks in humans is related to the functioning of brain regions key to the perception of basic, nonverbal social stimuli. Greater activation to biological than to scrambled motion in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and right amygdala were positively correlated with the diversity of social-network roles. In the pSTS, in particular, this association was not due to a relationship between network diversity and network size. These findings suggest that increased functioning of brain regions involved in decoding social signals might facilitate the detection and decoding of subtle signals encountered in varied social settings.
Primigravida is associated with flare in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Saavedra M A , Sánchez A , Morales S , Navarro-Zarza J E , Ángeles U , Jara L J
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with flare during pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a retrospective analysis of pregnant women with SLE in a referral hospital. Flare was considered according to predetermined definitions. We analyzed 15 clinical, biochemical and immunological variables with a potential predictive value for relapse during pregnancy. We included 124 lupus pregnancies in 120 women. The relapse rate during pregnancy was 37.9% (47 episodes). The most common manifestations of flare were renal, joint, cutaneous and hematological. Patients with flare during pregnancy developed a higher frequency of preeclampsia and preterm delivery. In multivariate analysis, primigravida was a risk factor associated with any type of flare during pregnancy (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.99–5.52, p = 0.05); on the other hand, primigravida (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.19–11.3, p = 0.02), activity prior to pregnancy (OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.97–14.1, p = 0.05), and previous renal disease (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.95–17.6, p = 0.001) were the principal risk factors associated with renal flare. The first pregnancy in women with SLE is associated with any type of flare. Disease activity is associated with preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Close monitoring is mandatory to identify relapses and timely treatment.
Serum ferritin level correlates with SLEDAI scores and renal involvement in SLE
Authors: Tripathy R , Panda A K , Das B K
Published: September 2014

Introduction

Ferritin is an acute-phase reactant that is elevated in various autoimmune disorders. Serum ferritin levels have been positively correlated with disease activity scores of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Further, enhanced levels of ferritin have also been reported in lupus nephritis. However, there are no reports from the Indian subcontinent.

Methods

Seventy-six female SLE patients, diagnosed on the basis of revised ACR criteria, and 50 healthy females, age matched from similar geographical areas, were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of ferritin, IFN-α and IL-6 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical, biochemical, serological and other markers of disease activity (C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA) were measured by standard laboratory procedure.

Results

Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.0001). Ferritin levels positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) ( p = 0.001, r = 0.35), anti-dsDNA ( p = 0.001, r = 0.35), IFN-α ( p < 0.0001, r = 0.51) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001, r = 0.65) and negatively correlated with C3 ( p = 0.0006, r = −0.38) and C4 ( p = 0.01, r = −0.28). Interestingly, serum levels of ferritin were positively associated with proteinuria ( p = 0.001, r = 0.36), serum urea ( p = 0.0004, r = 0.39) and serum creatinine ( p = 0.0006, r = 0.38).

Conclusion

Serum ferritin is an excellent marker of disease activity and renal dysfunction in SLE.
The Brewsters
Authors: Rozmus Cathy L , Carlin Nathan , Polczynski Angela , Spike Jeffrey , Buday Richard
Published: September 2014

Background:

One of the barriers to interprofessional ethics education is a lack of resources that actively engage students in reflection on living an ethical professional life. This project implemented and evaluated an innovative resource for interprofessional ethics education.

Objectives:

The objective of this project was to create and evaluate an interprofessional learning activity on professionalism, clinical ethics, and research ethics.

Design:

The Brewsters is a choose-your-own-adventure novel that addresses professionalism, clinical ethics, and research ethics. For the pilot of the book, a pre-test/post-test design was used. Once implemented across campus, a post-test was used to evaluate student learning in addition to a student satisfaction survey.

Participants and research context:

A total of 755 students in six academic schools in a health science center completed the activity as part of orientation or in coursework.

Ethical considerations:

The project was approved as exempt by the university’s Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects.

Findings:

The pilot study with 112 students demonstrated a significant increase in student knowledge. The 755 students who participated in the project had relatively high knowledge scores on the post-test and evaluated the activity positively.

Discussion:

Students who read The Brewsters scored well on the post-test and had the highest scores on clinical ethics. Clinical ethics scores may indicate issues encountered in mass media.

Conclusion:

The Brewsters is an innovative resource for teaching interprofessional ethics and professionalism. Further work is needed to determine whether actual and long-term behavior is affected by the activity.
Regional Cooperation for Whom? A Study of ASEAN–India FTA in the Context of Plantation/Tropical Products
Authors: Harilal K.N.
Published: September 2014

On account of multilateral and regional integration global governance is taking over hitherto unreached spaces of policy making including internal/domestic policies of nation-states. This is undertaken with the overriding objective of facilitating global accumulation of capital. Because of the competition to woo capital, the nation-states are under pressure to favour monopoly capital even at the expense of other interests such as those of labour, environment, local capital, gender, etc. But the success of capital is fast eroding its social constituency. The spread of peoples’ movements for democracy is a sign of this growing incongruence in the system. Nation-states will be constrained by popular opinion to take positions that are not necessarily friendly to monopoly capital. But they cannot do that in isolation. They will need to build up global collective action in favour of an alternative governance system that allow democracy to recapture its meaning, and help sustain national economic habitats and the economic diversity they conserve, against the forces of devastating economic homogenization abetted by unregulated competition. The article supports the above propositions drawing evidence from the case of tropical products. It builds the case for regional cooperation for governing trade and competition as opposed to the mainstream model of unbridled competition and unregulated markets.
Trade in Services and Cross-border Higher Education in South Asia: Potential and Issues
Authors: Brar Jaswinder Singh
Published: September 2014

Internationalization of higher education is a contemporary economic phenomenon. Universities and higher level professional and technical institutions from the advanced world have crisscrossed the globe by involving students, faculty, programmes and scholars by designing very novel study courses and funding practices. The process accelerated after conclusion of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) programme of modular and sectoral opening up of services. South Asia as a region progressed slow in terms of intra-regional services tradability as compared to other regions. But, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries have opened up their economies considerably though in varying degrees to trade in services including higher education with countries outside the region. This article examines the growing importance of services for the region. The analysis built on region’s services trade volumes, patterns, foreign investments, remittances, international students, trade agreements, internationalization of universities and nature of tradable services establishes the prevalence of enough scope and benefits for the region from opening up to service providers and users from the region. The development of trans-South Asian market for higher education will also facilitate the entry of global quality suppliers in the region. The article underscores the need for institutionalization of cooperation in order to make it sustainable and to avoid pitfalls.
Growth Miracle and Slowdown in Mauritius Compared with Bangladesh: An Example of the Adding-up Problem among Developing Countries
Authors: Ramanayake Sanika Sulochani , Lee Keun
Published: September 2014

Sustaining economic growth is an important issue for developing countries; some countries show growth spurts and collapse in a short time, and many are trapped by the so-called middle-income trap. Mauritius also boasted rapid growth during the 1980s and 1990s, the period marked as an African version of the East Asian miracle economy. After 2000, however, the Mauritian economy faced a significant growth slowdown. The earlier literature attributed its early success more to the ‘good’ institutions.

Discarding the institution supremacy view, this article argues that export performance to generate hard currency is the most limiting factor for developing countries’ long-term growth. The recent export slowdown due to the loss of price competitiveness and the advent of new rivals indicates the limitation of the export growth based on the low-cost and low-value-added industries. This article will consider the case of Mauritius in combination with Bangladesh to reveal the nature of the so-called adding-up problem. We argue that this adding-up problem is one source of the persistence of middle-income trap because many developing countries are stuck in the trap by competing to beat lower wage rates in similar products. It is thus proven that the upgrade of pre-existing industries and the introduction of new industries are necessary to sustain economic growth. Thus, the article argues, export growth matters more than institutions and simple openness for a developing country.
Radiographic Study of the Fifth Metatarsal for Optimal Intramedullary Screw Fixation of Jones Fracture
Authors: Ochenjele George , Ho Bryant , Switaj Paul J. , Fuchs Daniel , Goyal Nitin , Kadakia Anish R.
Published: September 2014

Background:

Jones fractures occur in the relatively avascular metadiaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal (MT), which predisposes these fractures to delayed union and nonunion. Operative treatment with intramedullary (IM) screw fixation is recommended in certain cases. Incorrect screw selection can lead to refractures, nonunion, and cortical blowout fractures. A better understanding of the anatomy of the fifth MT could aid in preoperative planning, guide screw size selection, and minimize complications.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified foot computed tomographic (CT) scans of 119 patients that met inclusion criteria. Using interactive 3-dimensional (3-D) models, the following measurements were calculated: MT length, “straight segment length” (distance from the base of the MT to the shaft curvature), and canal diameter.

Results:

The diaphysis had a lateroplantar curvature where the medullary canal began to taper. The average straight segment length was 52 mm, and corresponded to 68% of the overall length of the MT from its proximal end. The medullary canal cross-section was elliptical rather than circular, with widest width in the sagittal plane and narrowest in coronal plane. The average coronal canal diameter at the isthmus was 5.0 mm. A coronal diameter greater than 4.5 mm at the isthmus was present in 81% of males and 74% of females.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first anatomic description of the fifth metatarsal based on 3-D imaging. Excessive screw length could be avoided by keeping screw length less than 68% of the length of the fifth metatarsal. A greater than 4.5 mm diameter screw might be needed to provide adequate fixation for most study patients since the isthmus of the medullary canal for most were greater than 4.5 mm.

Clinical Relevance:

Our results provide an improved understanding of the fifth metatarsal anatomy to guide screw diameter and length selection to maximize screw fixation and minimize complications.
Reflection/refraction pattern of quasi-(P/SV) waves in dissimilar monoclinic media separated with finite isotropic layer
Authors: Kumari Pato , Sharma Vikash Kumar , Modi Chitra
Published: September 2014

This paper concentrates on the study of reflection and refraction of incident quasi (P/SV) waves in dissimilar monoclinic media separated by an isotropic layer of finite thickness. It is shown that incident quasi waves at lower interface generates two reflected quasi waves and two transmitted purely longitudinal and transversal waves; these transmitted waves further give rise to reflected and transmitted waves at the upper interface. A closed form solution for velocity profile and reflection/transmission coefficients for all reflected/refracted waves are obtained along with numerical simulation showing the effect of incident angle, layer width, elastic coefficients and the nature of the incident quasi (P/SV) wave. Findings of the present problem show that reflection and refraction of quasi waves at layered interface sandwiched between different monoclinic media may be useful in signal processing, sound system and wireless communication, piezoelectric sensors, and motion detectors, in addition to improving surface acoustic wave devices and defense equipment.
Free vibration analysis of shallow spherical dome by three-dimensional Ritz method
Authors: Kang Jae-Hoon
Published: September 2014

A three-dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies of a shallow spherical dome. Unlike conventional shell theories, which are mathematically two-dimensional (2-D), the present method is based upon the 3-D dynamic equations of elasticity. Displacement components [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and uz in the meridional, circumferential, and normal directions, respectively, are taken to be periodic in θ and in time, and the algebraic polynomials in the φ and z directions. Potential and kinetic energies of the shallow spherical domes are formulated, and the Ritz method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem, thus yielding upper bound values of the frequencies by minimizing the frequencies. As the degree of the polynomials is increased, frequencies converge to the exact values. Convergence to four-digit exactitude is demonstrated. Natural frequencies are presented for different boundary conditions. The frequencies from the present 3-D method are compared with those from a 2-D exact method, a 2-D thick shell theory, and a 3-D finite element method.
Unveiling the Effects of Citizen Journalism Practice on College Students’ Social Capital
Authors: Nah Seungahn , Namkoong Kang , Van Stee Stephanie K. , Record Rachael A.
Published: September 2014

This study examined the effects of citizen journalism practices on social capital concerning nonprofit and voluntary organizations (i.e., satisfaction, trust, and engagement). Through a quasi-experimental design, the analyses revealed that students in the treatment group, in which participants engaged in citizen journalism practice, had greater positive changes in levels of satisfaction, trust, and engagement than students in the control group. This study offers unique contributions to the existing body of social capital scholarship and practical implications related to the use of citizen journalism as a civic education tool in school and community settings.
An Examination of How Academic Advancement of U.S. Journalism Students Relates to Their Degree Motivations, Values, and Technology Use
Authors: Carpenter Serena , Hoag Anne , Grant August E. , Bowe Brian J.
Published: September 2014

The newsroom is a powerful influence in a journalist’s identity formation. Research has yet to verify the socializing impact of academia. This research utilized the quantitative survey method applying it to undergraduate journalism students ( n = 798) to assess how academic status relates to students’ degree motivations, life values, and technology use. The results show advancement is related to variations in perceptions of some degree motivations, which include perceiving journalism as a path to write and fame, but life values were not significantly different. The implication of this study suggests that academia may not have much impact on certain perceptions and behaviors.
Journalism Degree Motivations
Authors: Carpenter Serena , Grant August E. , Hoag Anne
Published: September 2014

Scientific knowledge should reflect valid, consistent measurement. It is argued research on scale development needs to be more systematic and prevalent. The intent of this article is to address scale development by creating and validating a construct that measures the underlying reasons why undergraduate students seek a degree in journalism, the Journalism Degree Motivations (JDM) scale. Through a multimethod approach and seven-step process, a set of motivations that reflect existing theory and measures was developed. The JDM scale is composed of eight factors: social responsibility, reporting, social prestige, sports media, photography, writing, varied career, and numbers and science anxiety.
The Development of Quality Standards for Rural Farm Accommodations: A Case Study in South Korea
Authors: Park Duk-Byeong , Kim Kyung-Hee , Choo Hyungsuk
Published: September 2014

This study adopted a Delphi method to identify suitable criteria for evaluating the farm accommodation quality and applied the analytic hierarchy process to determine the relative weights of those evaluation criteria. A case study was then conducted to assess and rank 275 selected farm accommodations by adopting the proposed quality framework in order to obtain an accepted quality standard. Results of analyses with the data achieved through direct inspection of those operations and interview with their operators are shown as quality standard assessments of participating farm accommodations. Potential improvements that farms can make through the quality standard are also provided. Finally, this study suggests that the quality framework and evaluation results be used as a guide for farm accommodations to develop, review, and improve the quality and its management.
How We Complain: The Effect of Personality on Consumer Complaint Channels
Authors: Berry Riley , Tanford Sarah , Montgomery Rhonda , Green Alison J.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality types on consumer complaint channels. Respondents completed a survey that depicted four service failure scenarios, each with 11 possible courses of action. The three personality factors measured against the complaint behavior were locus of control, the California Psychological Inventory measure of sociability and Cattell’s 16 personality factors of relaxed versus tense. Factor analysis revealed three complaint channel dimensions: active, passive, and delayed. Sociability produced more active and less passive complaint behavior. Locus of control interacted with relaxed versus tense on the use of passive and delayed complaints. The findings have implications for recognizing and resolving customer complaints for different personality types.
Casino Loyalty: The Influence of Loyalty Program, Switching Costs, and Trust
Authors: Baloglu Seyhmus , Zhong Yun Ying (Susan) , Tanford Sarah
Published: September 2014

Customer loyalty has become a strategic goal to increase brand value and profitability. This study develops and tests a model of loyalty to understand the relative effects of loyalty program benefits (as positive barriers) and switching costs (as negative barriers) on emotional commitment and loyalty behaviors in the casino context. The findings showed that trust, perceived switching cost, and emotional commitment to the casino are more likely to influence relational or emotional outcomes such as word of mouth and voluntary partnership whereas the loyalty program is more likely to influence transactional outcomes such as repeat visitation and time spent in the casino. The emotional commitment served as a partial mediator in the model. The study has theoretical implications for understanding the loyalty process and practical implications for improving loyalty program effectiveness.
Psychological Capital in the Quick Service Restaurant Industry: A Study of Unit-Level Performance
Authors: Mathe Kimberly , Scott-Halsell Sheila , Kim Seontaik , Krawczyk Matthew
Published: September 2014

In this study, the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap) is explored within the quick service restaurant (QSR) industry. PsyCap, a second-order construct composed of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy, has received little attention in hospitality research despite its relationships with improving attitudes and behaviors. This study tested the relationships among PsyCap, service quality, customer satisfaction, and unit revenues through bivariate and mediational tests. Data were collected from a national chain of QSR employees, mystery shops, customer evaluations, and company records. The results indicate that collective PsyCap is positively related to all variables. Additionally, the results showed that service quality and customer satisfaction fully mediates the collective PsyCap to unit revenues relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Systemic therapy and attachment narratives: Attachment Narrative Therapy
Authors: Dallos Rudi , Vetere Arlene
Published: September 2014

This article outlines an integration of attachment theory with narrative theory and systemic theory and practice: Attachment Narrative Therapy (ANT). This integration offers a more powerful explanatory formulation of the development and maintenance of human distress in relationships, families and communities, and gives direction to psychotherapeutic intervention.
Potential of fibre optic daylighting systems in tropical Malaysia
Authors: Munaaim Muhammad Arkam Che , Al-Obaidi Karam Mustafa , Ismail Mohd Rodzi , Abdul Rahman Abdul Malek
Published: September 2014

Fibre optic daylighting systems are a developing technology that offers solutions to daylighting designers. However, these systems are rarely used in the tropics because of the variable illumination provided by the sky, which changes with latitude, time of day, and seasons. This study examines the illumination levels obtained using a fibre optic daylighting system under various tropical climate conditions in Malaysia. A Parans SP3 fibre optic daylighting system with 10-m cable was used on a full-scale test bed model in Universiti Sains Malaysia as an empirical approach. The following results were obtained: (i) on sunny days with intermediate blue sky, the system worked at 79% and reached a maximum of 725 lx, an average of 457 lx, and a minimum of 98 lx; (ii) on moderately sunny days with intermediate mean sky, the system worked at 48.5% and reached a maximum 685 lx, an average of 439 lx, and a minimum of 80 lx; (iii) under overcast skies, the system worked at 37.5% and reached a maximum of 538 lx, an average of 305 lx, and a minimum of 41 lx. These findings provide benchmarking directions for the application of fibre optic daylighting systems in Malaysia.
Being unemployed in the age of social media
Authors: Feuls Miriam , Fieseler Christian , Meckel Miriam , Suphan Anne
Published: September 2014

This article reports the results of a stratified sample survey of 2414 unemployed individuals in Germany regarding Internet usage, accompanied by a small sample of qualitative interviews and time-use diaries. The Internet serves as a structuring device for individuals during unemployment and helps such individuals maintain social contacts; it fills time with activities for the unemployed that are meaningful from a normative perspective and are perceived subjectively as a good use of time. The Internet enables degrees of interaction that would otherwise not be possible because of financial difficulties. The research suggests that expanded interaction on the Internet for the unemployed would likely be beneficial.
The face of multiculturalism in Korea: Media ritual as framing in news coverage of Jasmine Lee
Authors: Durham Frank D , Carpenter John C
Published: September 2014

In 2012, Jasmine Lee, a minor media celebrity of Filipino origin, became the first non-Korean appointed to national office in the Republic of Korea. To understand the media’s framing of the meanings of this unprecedented event within the cultural context of South Korean race ideology, we analyzed all news and editorial coverage by the nation’s three largest English-language media outlets: The Korea Herald, the Korea JoongAng Daily, and The Korea Times. Using Victor Turner’s social drama theory as a methodology for this critical framing analysis, we focused on the use of on-line news sources by all three outlets. Explicating the framing process surrounding Jasmine Lee allowed us to understand the hegemonic role played by Korean journalism in the reproduction of the ongoing process of multiculturalism, as well as the media’s reproduction of its own powerful role in that cultural, ideological, economic, and legal process.
Evaluation of opinion visualization techniques
Authors: Shamim Azra , Balakrishnan Vimala , Tahir Muhammad
Published: September 2014

In this article, we are reporting the findings of a usability study of opinion mining systems’ visualizations. The objectives of this study are to first to rank the visualizations of the opinion mining systems and second to identify important visualization metrics. A questionnaire survey was designed to ask users their level of agreement or disagreement about the 11 selected visualizations against a set of information visualization metrics on a Likert scale. The data were collected by conducting seminars and using a web-based online questionnaire (N = 146). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test to rank the visualizations and investigate differences between perceptions of the two groups of respondents (the participants of the seminars and the online questionnaire), respectively. The results revealed that simple, eye pleasing, easy to understand, user-friendly visualizations with less pre-knowledge required rated higher than others. It is concluded that the participants of the online questionnaire mostly required more pre-knowledge to comprehend the visualizations as compared to the participants of the seminars. The important information visualization metrics are eye pleasing, easy to understand, user-friendly, informative design, usefulness, and representation style. The results of this study could aid in the design and development of visualizations for opinion mining systems.
High-Risk Anatomic Variables and Plaque Characteristics in Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Morgan Courtney E. , Lee Cheong J. , Chin Jason A. , Eskandari Mark K. , Morasch Mark D. , Rodriguez Heron E. , Helenowski Irene B. , Kibbe Melina R.
Published: September 2014

Objectives:

To determine anatomic and plaque-related risk factors for patients undergoing carotid artery stenting.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients from a prospectively maintained database undergoing carotid artery stenting at our institution between 2001 and 2010 was performed. Preoperative imaging studies (ie, ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and angiograms) were reviewed for specific anatomic criteria and plaque characteristics. Primary outcomes included 30-day stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Secondary outcomes included 30-day death and myocardial infarction (MI). Statistical significance was assumed for P = .05.

Results:

Imaging was reviewed for 381 carotid arteries in 375 patients. There were 14 (3.7%) perioperative neurologic events, which included 8 TIA and 6 strokes. Thirty-day mortality and MI were 0.5% and 0.75%, respectively. Degree of internal carotid artery stenosis was associated with primary outcomes ( P = .03), and the presence of arch calcification trended toward an increase in primary outcomes ( P = .07). However, arch type, ostial involvement, tandem lesions, and plaque calcification did not correlate with primary outcomes. Differences were noted between the sexes, with females having more common carotid artery tortuosity than males (34% vs 27%, P = .04). Females also had a trend toward more plaque calcification and more severe arch calcification than males. These differences did not translate to differences in perioperative neurologic events.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that degree of internal carotid artery stenosis and aortic arch calcification may be associated with increased perioperative neurologic risk during carotid stenting, but arch type is not.