bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can a reconstruction algorithm in major acetabular bone loss be successful in revision hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Jones Stephen A. , Parker Jack , Horner Matthew
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aims of this study were to determine the success of a reconstruction algorithm used in major acetabular bone loss, and to further define the indications for custom-made implants in major acetabular bone loss.

Methods

We reviewed a consecutive series of Paprosky type III acetabular defects treated according to a reconstruction algorithm. IIIA defects were planned to use a superior augment and hemispherical acetabular component. IIIB defects were planned to receive either a hemispherical acetabular component plus augments, a cup-cage reconstruction, or a custom-made implant. We used national digital health records and registry reports to identify any reoperation or re-revision procedure and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) for patient-reported outcomes. Implant survival was determined via Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

A total of 105 procedures were carried out in 100 patients (five bilateral) with a mean age of 73 years (42 to 94). In the IIIA defects treated, 72.0% (36 of 50) required a porous metal augment; the remaining 14 patients were treated with a hemispherical acetabular component alone. In the IIIB defects, 63.6% (35 of 55) underwent reconstruction as planned with 20 patients who actually required a hemispherical acetabular component alone. At mean follow-up of 7.6 years, survival was 94.3% (95% confidence interval 97.4 to 88.1) for all-cause revision and the overall dislocation rate was 3.8% (4 of 105). There was no difference observed in survival between type IIIA and type IIIB defects and whether a hemispherical implant alone was used for the reconstruction or not. The mean gain in OHS was 16 points. Custom-made implants were only used in six cases, in patients with either a mega-defect in which the anteroposterior diameter > 80 mm, complex pelvic discontinuity, and massive bone loss in a small pelvis.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a reconstruction algorithm can provide a successful approach to reconstruction in major acetabular bone loss. The use of custom implants has been defined in this series and accounts for < 5% of cases.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):47–53.
Intraoperative calprotectin lateral flow immunoassay can assist decision-making between one- and two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty for patients with suspected periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Macheras George A. , Argyrou Chrysoula , Tzefronis Dimitrios , Milaras Christos , Tsivelekas Konstantinos , Tsiamtsouris Konstantinos G. , Kateros Konstantinos , Papadakis Stamatios A.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Accurate diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) presents a significant challenge for hip surgeons. Preoperative diagnosis is not always easy to establish, making the intraoperative decision-making process crucial in deciding between one- and two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Calprotectin is a promising point-of-care novel biomarker that has displayed high accuracy in detecting PJI. We aimed to evaluate the utility of intraoperative calprotectin lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) in THA patients with suspected chronic PJI.

Methods

The study included 48 THAs in 48 patients with a clinical suspicion of PJI, but who did not meet European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) PJI criteria preoperatively, out of 105 patients undergoing revision THA at our institution for possible PJI between November 2020 and December 2022. Intraoperatively, synovial fluid calprotectin was measured with LFI. Cases with calprotectin levels ≥ 50 mg/l were considered infected and treated with two-stage revision THA; in negative cases, one-stage revision was performed. At least five tissue cultures were obtained; the implants removed were sent for sonication.

Results

Calprotectin was positive (≥ 50 mg/l) in 27 cases; out of these, 25 had positive tissue cultures and/or sonication. Calprotectin was negative in 21 cases. There was one false negative case, which had positive tissue cultures. Calprotectin showed an area under the curve of 0.917, sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 90.9%, positive predictive value of 92.6%, negative predictive value of 95.2%, positive likelihood ratio of 10.6, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.04. Overall, 45/48 patients were correctly diagnosed and treated by our algorithm, which included intraoperative calprotectin measurement. This yielded a 93.8% concordance with postoperatively assessed EBJIS criteria.

Conclusion

Calprotectin can be a valuable tool in facilitating the intraoperative decision-making process for cases in which chronic PJI is suspected and diagnosis cannot be established preoperatively.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):118–124.
Health status after periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures
Authors: Nieboer Michael F. , van der Jagt Olav P. , de Munter Leonie , de Jongh Mariska A. C. , van de Ree Cornelis L. P.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures (PFFs) are a major complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Health status after PFF is not specifically investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the health status pattern over two years after sustaining a PFF.

Methods

A cohort of patients with PFF after THA was derived from the Brabant Injury Outcomes Surveillance (BIOS) study. The BIOS study, a prospective, observational, multicentre follow-up cohort study, was conducted to obtain data by questionnaires pre-injury and at one week, and one, three, six, 12, and 24 months after trauma. Primary outcome measures were the EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), the Health Utility Index 2 (HUI2), and the Health Utility Index 3 (HUI3). Secondary outcome measures were general measurements such as duration of hospital stay and mortality.

Results

A total of 70 patients with a PFF were included. EQ-5D utility scores were significantly lower on all timepoints except at six months’ follow-up compared to pre-injury. EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) scores at one month's follow-up were significantly lower compared to pre-injury. The percentage of reported problems at two years was higher for all dimensions except anxiety/depression when compared to pre-injury. The mean EQ-5D utility score was 0.26 higher in males compared to females (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.003). The mean EQ-VAS score for males was 8.9 points higher when compared to females over all timepoints (95% CI 1.2 to 16.7; p = 0.027). Mortality was 10% after two years’ follow-up.

Conclusion

PFF patients are a frail population with substantial functional impairment at baseline. Post-injury, they have a significant and clinically relevant lower health status two years after trauma when compared to pre-injury. Health status improves the most between one and three months after injury. Two years after PFF, more patients experience problems in mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort than pre-injury.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):442–449.
Bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Lee Min-Su , Lee Gun-Woo , Lee Keun-Bae
Published: May 2024

Aims

The purpose of this study was to assess the success rate and functional outcomes of bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Additionally, we evaluated the rate of graft incorporation and identified associated predisposing factors using CT scan.

Methods

We reviewed a total of 37 ankles (34 patients) that had undergone bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts. A CT scan was performed one year after bone grafting to check the status of graft incorporation. For accurate analysis of cyst volumes and their postoperative changes, 3D-reconstructed CT scan processed with 3D software was used. For functional outcomes, variables such as the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale score and the visual analogue scale for pain were measured.

Results

Out of 37 ankles, graft incorporation was successful in 30 cases. Among the remaining seven cases, four (10.8%) exhibited cyst re-progression, so secondary bone grafting was needed. After secondary bone grafting, no further progression has been noted, resulting in an overall 91.9% success rate (34 of 37) at a mean follow-up period of 47.5 months (24 to 120). The remaining three cases (8.1%) showed implant loosening, so tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis was performed. Functional outcomes were also improved after bone grafting in all variables at the latest follow-up (p < 0.05). The mean incorporation rate of the grafts according to the location of the cysts was 84.8% (55.2% to 96.1%) at the medial malleolus, 65.1% (27.6% to 97.1%) at the tibia, and 81.2% (42.8% to 98.7%) at the talus. Smoking was identified as a significant predisposing factor adversely affecting graft incorporation (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Bone grafting for periprosthetic bone cysts following primary TAA is a reliable procedure with a satisfactory success rate and functional outcomes. Regular follow-up, including CT scan, is important for the detection of cyst re-progression to prevent implant loosening after bone grafting.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5):475–481.
Children's Voices Improving Care in a Specialized Mental Health Facility
Authors: Salcedo Martha Zanabria , Leyva Concepción Rojas , Caraveo María Elena Márquez
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The voices of children experiencing mental health issues are essential in contributing to their well-being and driving changes in their care environments. We present the results of a dialogue conducted to hear the voices of regular patients and their parents at a hospital-based mental health center in Mexico City. This project draws on the concepts of inclusion, participatory rights, and the recognition that children are distinct from adults and are social actors capable of making decisions. We implemented a participatory action research project using play activities to invite children's dialogue with university student volunteer researchers. The overall objective of the dialogue was to generate proposals to improve hospital services and care.
Full Meddle Jacket: Marketing and Mainstreaming Early Hemingway
Authors: Thurston Michael
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay offers close analyses of the dust jacket illustrations for Hemingway's early Scribner publications ( The Sun Also Rises, Torrents of Spring , and A Farewell to Arms ). While these illustrations seem, at first glance, to have little to do with the books' narratives, themes, or styles, they serve at least two functions worth recovering. First, the illustrations work to locate Hemingway in literary and cultural traditions whose values were understood and largely shared by the mainstream book-buying American public in the 1920s. In addition, informed by the discourses of paratextual theory and book studies, I argue that they are influential early interpretive readings by the jacket designer, interpretive thresholds informed by the illustrator's own understanding of the texts and their value.
“Move Forward and Ascend!” : Temporality and the Politics of Form in Turkish Modernist Literature
Authors: Staudt Kaitlin
Published: May 2024

abstract: This article situates Turkish literary modernism within larger discussions on the role of literature within the Turkish state’s modernization program following the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. The article explores how early twentieth-century government directives regarding the teleology of modernity in Turkey have created tension between characteristics central to modernism’s definition. Reckoning with the ways in which the modernist novel has been constructed as other to Turkish literature by scholars and by authors reveals the ways in which state-sponsored conceptions of Turkish modernity underpin the definitional practices surrounding literary modernism in Turkey and in doing so impact field-level discussions of how and where modernism exists.
Furnishing Italian Colonialism: “Nomad” Interiors and the Habitations of the Empire
Authors: Galán Ignacio G.
Published: May 2024

abstract: This article explores the display and circulation of furniture and decorative arts between Italy and its African colonies, and discusses the relationship between pieces conceived in the occupied territories, those defined for Italian households, and those envisioned to accompany Italians in their colonial endeavors. The circulation of these different pieces was thought to embody the “expansion of life horizons” characteristic of modernity. However, modernist designers worked alongside ethnographers through the delineation of distinct identities for the inhabitants of the Italian nation and those subjected to colonization, increasingly differentiating who was allowed to engage in the characteristically modern “expansion” and who was forced to remain fixed—as the defining hierarchy of the modern-colonial period.
The Limits of Reading: Closeted Readers, Safe Pleasure, and Reparation in Absalom, Absalom!
Authors: Jo Sunggyung
Published: May 2024

abstract: In Absalom, Absalom! , William Faulkner creates a secluded reading space within a Harvard dormitory, where characters Quentin and Shreve engage in reading acts fueled by stories, letters, and memories from the Southern past. Within this protected environment, they explore transgressive desires, particularly those of a homoerotic and interracial nature, without jeopardizing their real-world racial and heterosexual privileges. This work connects this issue of reading at a safe distance to the imbalance between the discourse of race and that of homosexuality in our ways of discussing Faulkner, aiming to suggest more flexible models of ethical reading.
"I want to tell you about Christmastown …": The Navigation of Festive Narrative Tropes in The Nightmare Before Christmas
Authors: Ayres John D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Henry Selick's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) appears initially to have little in common with the mini-cycle of festive storytelling that emerged in Hollywood at the end of World War II, which included It's a Wonderful Life (1946), Miracle on 34th Street (1947) and The Bishop's Wife (1947). These films arguably crystallized the Hollywood conventions that would go on to govern this type of seasonally themed output for decades to come. Yet closer examination suggests that in its content, if not its form, Selick's motion picture exists as a reworking of key tropes that have dominated this specific narrative heritage. This article comprises three sections that examine how the film navigates and amends long-established themes in Christmas storytelling. The first section addresses the concept of masquerade as it relates to Jack Skellington's appropriation of the Santa Claus persona; the second considers the contest between narrative protagonist and greedy antagonist, and the nature of this specific conflict resolution; and the third analyzes how the film draws upon a Dickensian use of the supernatural to echo the literary tradition from which many Christmas stories originally emerged.
Minimal Departure and Fictional Narrative Situations
Authors: Mikkonen Kai
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Readers understand fictional worlds at least to some extent by drawing on background knowledge of their own world. Some theories of fiction, however, hold that such realistic expectations, or processes of naturalization, are the default attitude in experiencing fictions. Thus, what Marie-Laure Ryan has called the principle of minimal departure (MD) states that readers understand fictional worlds and their components by drawing on background knowledge of their own world, unless otherwise indicated. This article is a critical examination of the relevance of the principle of MD and a contextualization of other theoretical notions of readerly attitude, including Thomas Pavel's principles of maximal departure (MxD) and optimal departure (OD) and Kendall L. Walton's principle of charity, within the broader framework of fictional verisimilitude and believability. The question of relevance will be discussed in relation to the idea of the contract of fiction by which is meant the knowledge that one is reading fiction. The analytic sections of this article focus on the question of fictional narrative situation, which in Ryan's possible-worlds theory functions as the trademark of fiction—as narrators and narratees (or narrative audiences) are exempted from the operations of MD. The "impossible" narrative situations that serve as examples include Jorge Luis Borges's loosely autobiographical story "Funes el memorioso" (1942) and two nineteenth-century French fictions: Guy de Maupassant's short story "La nuit" (1887) and a passage from Émile Zola's roman à thèse, Lourdes (1894).
In Defense of Minimal Departure: A Response to Kai Mikkonen
Authors: Ryan Marie-Laure
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Inspired by David Lewis's analysis of "truth in fiction," I proposed in Possible Worlds a principle of minimal departure (MD) to formalize the relation between storyworlds and the real world. In this article I respond to Kai Mikkonen's critiques of MD. The article bears on three issues. First, MD, by giving the text precedence over the reader's life experience, does not force a naturalization of fictional worlds and of narrative acts. It works just as well for the remote worlds of fantasy or science fiction as for the familiar worlds of realism. Second, postulating a principle of maximal departure (MxD) to counterbalance MD is a futile move, because MxD does not provide standards of comparison for the reader's act of imagination, and even if redefined as "large" departure, it only works as an expectation for certain genres, while MD applies to all genres. And third, although MD does not provide a guideline for "literary" interpretations, it cannot be replaced by a "principle of relevance," because of the tautological nature of the latter: a reading is relevant when it is relevant.
Indigenizing Research and Archives: Relationality and the Collections Back Movement
Authors: O'Neal Jennifer R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article reflects on and argues for Indigenizing research and archives. It specifically reflects on areas that institutions and collecting repositories should be considering and enacting to ensure that Native American and Indigenous ways of knowing, relationality, and holism are centered in collections, including creating welcoming spaces, connecting to land, increasing educational opportunities, and prioritizing Indigenous needs in research. While decolonization, including the digital return of collections, should always be the baseline when stewarding Indigenous collections, this article instead argues that in order to Indigenize collections the aspirational goal should be Indigenous control of their collections and, when possible, the return of their archives and cultural heritage collections to honor Indigenous sovereignty and bring healing through reconciliation.
Piloting a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression, the Thinking Healthy Programme–Peer delivered (THPP), in a primary care setting in Lilongwe District, Malawi
Authors: Ng’oma Mwawi , Atif Najia , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Chirwa Ellen , Stewart Robert C.
Published: May 2024

Despite the evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression, their uptake is low in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Reasons for this include the lack of contextually adapted interventions and mental health specialists to deliver them. This study aimed to test the acceptability and feasibility of a psychosocial intervention for perinatal depression, the Thinking Healthy Programme–Peer Delivered, adapted for use in rural Malawi. A multi-method evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was conducted using a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and an exploratory qualitative study. Pre-post intervention change in depression scores (paired t-test) and recruitment, retention and session adherence rates were calculated. Qualitative data were collected through 29 in-depth interviews (22 mothers and 7 peer volunteers) and 1 Focus Group Discussion (18 mothers). Thematic analysis approach was used to analyse qualitative data. Seven (7) out of 8 peer volunteers were successfully trained to deliver the intervention. A total of 31 pregnant women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥12 were offered intervention, of whom 24 were enrolled (recruitment rate 77.4%). Out of these 24 women, 22 completed the intervention (retention rate 91.6%). Mean difference between pre- and post-test EPDS scores one week after 8th session was 7.59 (95% CI 4.98 to 10.19), p<0.001. Qualitative evaluation showed that the intervention was acceptable despite some challenges including stigma and issues around incentivization of peer volunteers. The Thinking Healthy Programme–Peer Delivered, adapted for use in Malawi, was feasible to deliver and acceptable to its target population. The intervention may be useful in management of perinatal depression in primary care settings in Malawi. However, definitive trials are needed to evaluate its effectiveness.
A retrospective study of congenital anomalies and associated risk factors among children admitted at a tertiary hospital in northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Chaulo Wango , Nyanza Elias C. , Asori Moses , Thomas Deborah S. K. , Mashuda Florentina
Published: May 2024

Congenital anomalies in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) are understudied despite the significant pediatric health burden. This retrospective longitudinal hospital-based study evaluated the records of 326 inpatient children under the age of two years with congenital anomalies at Bugando Medical Centre, a tertiary referral hospital in northwestern Tanzania. Classical logistic regression was used in the analysis of congenital malformation of muscles, gastrointestinal malformation, oral facial clefts, neural tube defects, and skeletal malformations. A modified poisson regression was used to model risk factors for Central Nervous System (CNS) hydrocephalus and congenital heart disease (CHD). A majority (78.8%) of children included in the study were less than six months of age. Nearly half (48.8%) were diagnosed with CHD followed by CNS hydrocephalus (10.4%) and congenital malformation of muscles (8.9%). Babies whose mothers missed periconceptual folic acid supplementation had 83% higher risk of hydrocephalus (aPR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.11–1.96) and 78% higher for CHD (aPR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.31–1.94). Male children had 1.67 higher odds of muscular congenital malformations (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.23–1.89). Less than 37 gestational age had a 1.86 higher odds of muscular congenital malformations (aOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.53–3.66). Our study highlights the critical need for folic acid supplementation and establishes a need for a registry and the potential for mapping.
Association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Strobl Kleiton , Irfan Syed Asad , Masood Hassan , Latif Noor , Kurmi Om
Published: May 2024

Background

Air pollution has several negative health effects. Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant that is often linked to health adversities. PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm) exposure has been associated with negative cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. However, the impact of PM10 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10μm) exposure is often overlooked due to its limited ability to pass the alveolar barrier. This study aims to assess the association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) amongst adults (≥18 years of age) as this has been poorly studied.

Methods

The study protocol was published on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023409796) on March 31, 2023. Literature searches were conducted on 4 databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Web of Science) on January 17, 2023, for studies looking at associations between PM and MI. English studies from all time periods were assessed. Studies selected for review were time-series, case-crossover, and cohort studies which investigated the risk of MI as an outcome upon PM10 exposure. The quality of evidence was assessed using Cochrane’s Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data for different risk outcomes (risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR)) and 3 lags was meta-analyzed using an inverse variance statistical analysis using a random effects model. The pooled effect sizes and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported in forest plots.

Results

Among the 1,099 studies identified, 41 were included for review and 23 were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that there is an increased risk (OR = 1.01; 95% CI:1.00–1.02) of MI with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 after a lag 0 and lag 1 delay.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that PM10 exposure is associated with an increased risk of MI. This can aid in informing environmental policy-making, personal-level preventative measures, and global public health action.
Identification of pattern mining algorithm for rugby league players positional groups separation based on movement patterns
Authors: Adeyemo Victor Elijah , Palczewska Anna , Jones Ben , Weaving Dan
Published: May 2024

The application of pattern mining algorithms to extract movement patterns from sports big data can improve training specificity by facilitating a more granular evaluation of movement. Since movement patterns can only occur as consecutive, non-consecutive, or non-sequential, this study aimed to identify the best set of movement patterns for player movement profiling in professional rugby league and quantify the similarity among distinct movement patterns. Three pattern mining algorithms (l-length Closed Contiguous [LCCspm], Longest Common Subsequence [LCS] and AprioriClose) were used to extract patterns to profile elite rugby football league hookers (n = 22 players) and wingers (n = 28 players) match-games movements across 319 matches. Jaccard similarity score was used to quantify the similarity between algorithms’ movement patterns and machine learning classification modelling identified the best algorithm’s movement patterns to separate playing positions. LCCspm and LCS movement patterns shared a 0.19 Jaccard similarity score. AprioriClose movement patterns shared no significant Jaccard similarity with LCCspm (0.008) and LCS (0.009) patterns. The closed contiguous movement patterns profiled by LCCspm best-separated players into playing positions. Multi-layered Perceptron classification algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 91.02% and precision, recall and F1 scores of 0.91 respectively. Therefore, we recommend the extraction of closed contiguous (consecutive) over non-consecutive and non-sequential movement patterns for separating groups of players.
Intercropping on Mars: A promising system to optimise fresh food production in future martian colonies
Authors: Gonçalves Rebeca , Wamelink G. W. Wieger , van der Putten Peter , Evers Jochem B.
Published: May 2024

Future colonists on Mars will need to produce fresh food locally to acquire key nutrients lost in food dehydration, the primary technique for sending food to space. In this study we aimed to test the viability and prospect of applying an intercropping system as a method for soil-based food production in Martian colonies. This novel approach to Martian agriculture adds valuable insight into how we can optimise resource use and enhance colony self-sustainability, since Martian colonies will operate under very limited space, energy, and Earth supplies. A likely early Martian agricultural setting was simulated using small pots, a controlled greenhouse environment, and species compliant with space mission requirements. Pea (Pisum sativum), carrot (Daucus carota) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in three soil types (“MMS-1” Mars regolith simulant, potting soil and sand), planted either mixed (intercropping) or separate (monocropping). Rhizobia bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum) were added as the pea symbiont for Nitrogen-fixing. Plant performance was measured as above-ground biomass (g), yield (g), harvest index (%), and Nitrogen/Phosphorus/Potassium content in yield (g/kg). The overall intercropping system performance was calculated as total relative yield (RYT). Intercropping had clear effects on plant performance in Mars regolith, being beneficial for tomato but mostly detrimental for pea and carrot, ultimately giving an overall yield disadvantage compared to monocropping (RYT = 0.93). This effect likely resulted from the observed absence of Rhizobia nodulation in Mars regolith, negating Nitrogen-fixation and preventing intercropped plants from leveraging their complementarity. Adverse regolith conditions—high pH, elevated compactness and nutrient deficiencies—presumably restricted Rhizobia survival/nodulation. In sand, where more favourable soil conditions promoted effective nodulation, intercropping significantly outperformed monocropping (RYT = 1.32). Given this, we suggest that with simple regolith improvements, enhancing conditions for nodulation, intercropping shows promise as a method for optimising food production in Martian colonies. Specific regolith ameliorations are proposed for future research.
Compatibility of wild rootstocks in the production of cherry tomato seedlings
Authors: Guerra Antônia Mirian Nogueira de Moura , Rodrigues Ítalo José da Silva
Published: May 2024

Growing tomato crops is a highly significant activity in Brazil; however, several factors limit tomato productivity, mainly soil-borne diseases which, without proper control, can compromise the entire crop production. The proper use of grafting techniques emerges as an alternative to overcome barriers that limit tomato production in regions with unfavorable growth conditions. The use of rootstocks resistant to root diseases is seen as a viable option for tomato production. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility and efficiency of rootstocks for cherry tomatoes. A randomized block design was used, with five treatments and four replications; each plot consisted of 36 grafted seedlings. The treatments consisted of rootstocks of Eggplant, Jurubeba, Jilo, and Tomato (Intacto; Feltrin Sementes®), and a Control (cherry tomato without grafting). All rootstocks were compatible with cherry tomatoes. Moreover, seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba rootstocks presented results closest to the Control (cherry tomatoes). Seedlings grafted onto Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks presented the best results regarding vegetative development and total dry matter accumulation. Jurubeba and Eggplant rootstocks are viable alternatives for grafting cherry tomato seedlings. All utilized rootstocks can be further investigated for their resistance to root diseases affecting tomato crops.
Die kulturelle Logik der Objekte
Authors: Honer Oliver
Published: May 2024

Die Simmel-Cassirer-Kontroverse behandelt den grundlegenden technikphilosophischen Gegensatz zwischen Kulturpessimismus und Kulturoptimismus. Diesen virtuellen Dialog beider Denker arbeitet Oliver Honer neu auf und entwickelt in einem aufsteigenden Reflexionsgang die Simmel'sche Rede von der »kulturellen Logik der Objekte« zum Begriff. Damit modelliert er das Verhältnis agierender Individuen zu ihren jeweiligen Möglichkeitsräumen und zeigt deren prekären Subjektstatus in diesen Räumen auf. Die dabei freigelegten Verhältnisse eröffnen angesichts technisch induzierter Eigenlogiken neue Wege einer dialektischen Kulturkritik.
(Neue) Rechte, Querdenker:innen und algorithmische Querfrontphänomene
Authors: Nolden Marcus
Published: May 2024

Marcus Nolden geht in seinem Beitrag der Frage nach, wie (neue) rechte Akteure algorithmischen Aktivismus nutzen, um im Zuge von Protesten gegen Corona-Maßnahmen gegensätzliche Inhalte und Akteure zumindest temporär miteinander zu verweben, um querfrontähnliche medial erfolgreiche Phänomene zu erzeugen.
Fieldnotes
Authors: Treiber Magnus
Published: May 2024

In this article Magnus Treiber looks back into his own PhD research in Asmara, Eritrea, to illustrate and discuss the role of ethnographic fieldnotes and diaries. Accompanying our developing thoughts these show how anthropology's arguments are built on an empirical base. Beyond the immediate field situation, fieldnotes allow to reflect on the conditions under which anthropologists are learning and rationalise our attempts to understand. Diaries are inevitably fragmentary, grasping the ephemeral, open to whatever comes up. Thus, the diary becomes the cocoon for both product and process, the ethnography and the intellectual pathway towards it.
Das ewige neue Medium
Authors: Unterhuber Tobias
Published: May 2024

Tobias Unterhuber widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie eigentlich die Geschichte der Computerspiele geschrieben wird. Er identifiziert dabei drei übliche Vorgehensweisen: eine von Fortschrittsglauben geleitete Technikgeschichte, eine von Nostalgie geprägte Retro-Perspektive und eine sich selbst als subkulturell verstehende Generationengeschichte. Alle drei Formen würden zu einer "Geschichtslosigkeit" der Computerspielgeschichte führen und entweder Spiele, die für die Sozialisation der Autor*innen bedeutsam waren, oder aktuelle Spiele in den Fokus rücken. Dies gelte aber nicht nur für die Computerspielkultur, sondern auch für die Game Studies selbst.
Spielend bilden?
Authors: Pötzsch Holger
Published: May 2024

In seinem Beitrag operationalisiert Holger Pötzsch das Cybermedia-Modell von Espen Aarseth und Gordon Calleja und stellt eine Matrize für eine systematische Evaluierung von Videospielen vor deren Gebrauch im Unterricht vor. Ausgehend von den Feldern Zeichen und Repräsentation, Spielregeln und -mechaniken, Materialität und politische Ökonomie sowie institutionelle Rahmen, ermöglicht die Matrize das Stellen einer Reihe spezifischer Fragen, die vor didaktischer Nutzung reflektiert und geklärt werden müssen. Der Beitrag hofft so, einer kritischen Nutzung des Mediums Videospiel in schulischen Kontexten Vorschub leisten zu können.
Friedenspädagogik und religiöse Vielfalt
Authors: Behr Hamida
Published: May 2024

Lerngruppen in Schulen und Hochschulen sind heute religiös sowie weltanschaulich divers - und Lernende von unterschiedlichen Diskriminierungen betroffen. Hamida Behr widmet sich marginalisierten Personen und konzipiert einen religionspädagogischen Ansatz, der Bildungsprozesse für alle ermöglicht. Auf Basis friedenspädagogischer Überlegungen nutzt sie Methoden aus der Theaterpädagogik, um in einem beispielhaften Seminar mit deutschen und jordanischen Studierenden konflikthafte biografische Erfahrungen wie abwertende Narrative und Othering zu überwinden. Anhand neu formulierter didaktischer Prinzipien können Pädagog*innen wiederum positive Veränderungen bewirken. So entsteht ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung einer problemorientierten Religionspädagogik, die der Diversität unserer Gesellschaft und ihrer Ungleichheitsstrukturen Rechnung trägt.
Lazarus, Latenz und die ›Larve der Erinnerung‹
Authors: Moldovan Julia
Published: May 2024

In der italienischen Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts wird die biblische Figur des Lazarus refunktionalisiert, um sich mit Krieg, Macht und Religion auseinanderzusetzen. Während antifaschistische Autoren anhand der Metapher vor Tyrannei warnen, dient sie profaschistischen Schriftstellern dazu, die Neuentstehung Italiens zu propagieren. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg erscheint Lazarus häufig in Verbindung mit Gewalt, Tod und der Frage nach Schuld. Julia Moldovan leistet einen Beitrag zur Schärfung des Latenzbegriffs und verbindet Theorien aus der Kulturwissenschaft, Philosophie und Psychologie. Mittels einer profunden philologischen Analyse legt sie dar, dass Literatur dazu beitragen kann, traumatische Ereignisse zu reflektieren, die in der Gesellschaft verdrängt werden, aber latent fortbestehen.
Friedensaufbau und Konfliktbearbeitung in der Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Finckh-Krämer Ute
Published: May 2024

Ute Finckh-Krämer befasst sich in ihrem Beitrag mit dem Zusammenspiel von Friedensaufbau und Konfliktbearbeitung mit Fokus auf die Zivilgesellschaft. Zunächst definiert sie Frieden, Konflikt und Zivilgesellschaft und erläutert die Bedeutung zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen für die konstruktive Bearbeitung von Konflikten. Sie beschreibt die entscheidende Rolle der Friedensbewegung für die Entwicklung gewaltfreier Methoden der Konfliktbearbeitung und verweist auf ihre Rolle als Impulsgeberin für staatliche und zwischenstaatliche Organisationen. Sie zeigt den Zusammenhang zwischen gewaltfreier Konfliktbearbeitung im eigenen Land und Friedensaufbau in den internationalen Beziehungen auf, der gleichzeitig durch die Entstehung und Entwicklung internationaler Organisationen gefördert wurde und wird.
Mörderische Meteorologie
Authors: Schorn Katia
Published: May 2024

Im Krimi regnet es immer - so eine gängige und von Lesern und Leserinnen sowie der Wissenschaft geteilte Meinung. Doch stimmt das eigentlich? Das Wetter im Kriminalroman wird vielfach nur als Beiwerk wahrgenommen und wurde bisher auch in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Forschung meist vernachlässigt. Katia Schorn ändert das und analysiert im Rahmen eines historischen Durchgangs die Funktionsgeschichte des Wetters im französischen Kriminalroman. Anhand ausgewählter Texte von den Vorläufern im 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart entwickelt sie eine gattungspoetologische Annäherung an meteorologische Phänomene im Kriminalroman - und zeigt, dass in Krimis durchaus die Sonne scheint.
Counter-Cartographies of Resistance - Exposing Everyday Authoritarianism in the Philippines
Authors: Ortega Arnisson Andre C. , Dela Cruz Bernardino , Dayrit Cian , Angeles Ervic , Saguin Kristian Karlo C. , Garcia Leonardo Miguel , Martinez Ma. Simeona M. , De Guzman Mylene T. , Lopez Yany
Published: May 2024

The Counter Mapping PH Collective shows how they use collective counter-mapping as a counter-strategy to expose the negative effects of authoritarianism in the Philippines. They present maps that expose attacks on human rights defenders, the impact of authoritarian top-down infrastructure projects and land grabbing. The collective engages in creative projects that foreground experiences and concerns of the marginalized and forge ties of solidarity in the struggle against authoritarianism and imperialism.
Religion als Produkt der Evolution?
Authors: Judith Hannah
Published: May 2024

Der Mensch ist ein evolutives Wesen - also ist der Mensch auch ein religiöses Wesen? Evolutionsanthropologische Theoriebildungen legen diesen Schluss nah. Sie führen in ein interdisziplinäres Spannungsfeld zwischen natürlicher Selektion, kognitiver Disposition und bewusster Sinnsuche. Auf sozialwissenschaftlicher und erkenntnisphilosophischer Grundlage reflektiert Hannah Judith die Herausforderungen, die daraus für die Theologie und Evolutionsanthropologie gleichermaßen erwachsen. Sie fragt nach der erkenntnistheoretischen Verortung religiöser Vollzüge im Evolutionsprozess - und stellt so die evolutionsanthropologische Relativierung religiöser Sinnsuche als theologieproduktiven Faktor heraus.
Geschichten der Krise
Authors: Wagner Vernessa
Published: May 2024

Wie berichteten deutsche und englische Zeitungen des 19. Jahrhunderts über Wirtschaftskrisen ihrer Zeit? Wie erklärten sie wirtschaftliche Störungen, wie bewerteten sie die Ereignisse? Und entstanden während der ersten kapitalistischen (Weltwirtschafts-)Krisen bereits Narrative, die bis heute fortwirken? Vernessa Wagner nimmt diese Aspekte mittels einer vergleichenden Analyse der Berichterstattung ausgewählter deutscher und englischer Zeitungen zu den Wirtschaftskrisen der Jahre 1847 und 1857 erstmals in den Blick. Dabei stellt sie heraus, dass Sprache und Struktur dieser Krisengeschichten mindestens so unterhaltsam wie modern sind - und erklärt, was Wetter, Krankheit, Getreide und Mode damit zu tun haben.
Beobachtung auf die Grenze hin
Authors: Kaack Martina
Published: May 2024

Martina Kaack setzt sich in ihrem Beitrag mit Möglichkeiten auseinander, wie über begriffliche Differenzierungen der Systemtheorie nach Luhmann, Unterscheidungsoptionen für die heil-/inklusionspädagogische Arbeit an der sozialen Adresse im Kontext von Inklusion/Exklusion generiert werden können. Postuliert wird, dass über die Ausrichtung auf den als funktional geltenden Akt der sinnbezogenen Grenzziehung, der durch die Bezugnahme auf verschiedene systemspezifische Unterscheidungsmöglichkeiten mannigfach "in den Blick" geraten kann, neben entsprechend vielfältigen Beobachtungsoptionen auch Handlungsbezüge für den pädagogischen Praxiskontext herstellbar sind. Martina Kaack setzt dafür die operative Anschlusslogik von Systemen in Beziehung zu deren Folgen für soziale Adressen. Sie veranschaulicht ihre Überlegungen an Praxisbeispielen und Studien.
Inklusion, territorial gedacht
Authors: Moser Vera , Blaha Kathrin
Published: May 2024

Inklusion wird in der Regel als normatives Gebot eines Allgemeinen Menschenrechts verstanden. Um dieses Gebot einer evaluativen Handlungspraxis zugänglich zu machen, wird in diesem Text argumentiert, dass spezifische Erfahrungen von Achtung/Missachtung bzw. Verkennung im sozialen Raum hierzu herangezogen werden können. Dies bezieht sich einerseits auf Pflichten des Staates zur Rahmung sozialer Räume (öffentliche wie private) sowie andererseits auf soziale Kämpfe um Anerkennung (Honneth) auf der Ebene der Subjekte. Im Gegensatz zu einem Kantianisch geprägten rationalen Einsichtsmodell in die Geltung von Normen wird hierbei im Anschluss an Honneth und Löws Raumkonzeption vor allem ein atmosphäri-sches Empfinden als evaluative Dimension vorgeschlagen. Um Räume schließlich auch - über Löw hinausgehend - in ihrer unterschiedlichen sozialen Relevanz wahrnehmen zu können, wird zudem eine strategisch geopolitische Dimension von Räumen postuliert. Schließlich wird mit dem menschenrechtsbasierten ,4-A-Schema' (Tomasevski) versucht, die individuelle Erfahrung mit strukturellen Rahmungen sozialer Räume zu verknüpfen.
Demokratie als Rahmen des Aushandlungsprozesses der Grenze zwischen Inklusion und Exklusion
Authors: Osterberg-Kaufmann Norma
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass Inklusion und Exklusion als zwei der Demokratie inhärente Bestandteile zu verstehen sind, die i.S. von Berechtigung und Entrechtung Hand in Hand gehen und die Inklusion möglichst Vieler eine notwendige Voraussetzung für das Funktionieren von Demokratie ist. Die Grenze zwischen Inklusion und Exklusion ist dabei nicht starr und unveränderlich, sondern das Resultat von permanenten Aushandlungsprozessen. Der Beitrag stellt fünf Ebenen der Inklusion bzw. Exklusion in Demokratien (Staatsbürgerschaft, territoriale Integrität, Umfang und Form der Beteiligung, soziale Bürgerrechte) heraus und konfrontiert die liberal-prozedurale Demokratie und ihre Krisenerscheinungen mit diesen.
Die Unmöglichkeit transnormalistischer Explorationen am Beispiel von ›Be:Hinderung‹ und ›Rave‹
Authors: Haas Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Benjamin Haas plädiert in seinem Beitrag dafür, Foucaultsche Perspektiven fur die sozialwissenschaftliche Theoretisierung von Inklusion und Exklusion nutzbar zu machen. Um die Abhängigkeit von gesellschaftlichen Machtverhältnisse zu erfassen und Inklusion als historisch variablen, diskursiven Prozess zu begreifen, wird Foucaults Denken des Außen im Sinne einer Analytik der Exklusion verstanden. Spezifiziert wird diese Perspektive durch normalismustheoretische Grundlagen mit einem Fokus auf die Konstruktion von Normalitätsgrenzen. Anhand der Beispiele Be:Hinderung und Rave werden diskursive und soziale Praktiken vergleichend untersucht und herausgearbeitet, welche Gestalt Normalitätsgrenzen im Kontext protonormalistischer Binarismen, flexibel-normalistischer Kontinuen sowie transnormalistischer Explorationen haben können. Damit kann nachgezeichnet werden, warum der flexibel-normalistische Wille zur Inklusion (vgl. Link 2008: 70) sowie transnormalistische Explorationen unter postkapitalistischen Bedingungen als begrenzt erscheinen mussen.
Die Praxis des Heiratens
Authors: Weibel Fleur
Published: May 2024

Eine Heirat ist meist ein besonderer Grund zum Feiern. Doch wie wird dieser emotional und rechtlich bedeutungsvolle Schritt heute zelebriert? Was wird durch die Praxis des Heiratens für das Paar und die Gesellschaft hergestellt? Und wie ist dabei das eigentümliche Verhältnis zwischen den romantisierten Hochzeiten und der vielfach konstatierten Bedeutungsreduktion der Institution Ehe zu verstehen? Fleur Weibel begegnet durch die Differenzierung von Eheschließung und Hochzeit sowie der Berücksichtigung hetero- und homosexueller Brautpaare mehreren Forschungsdesideraten und zeigt aus mikrosoziologisch-geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive auf, wie Liebesbeziehungen heute durch Versprechen von Glück und Freiheit regiert werden.
Queer Gardening. Mit urbanen Gärten Ökofeminismus weiterdenken
Authors: Haide Ella von der , Baier Andrea
Published: May 2024

Ella von der Haide erläutert im Interview mit Andrea Baier über ihren Dokumentarfilm "Queer Gardening. Queer-feministische Ökologien in Gemeinschaftsgärten in Nordamerika", dass Gärtnern vor allem dann politisch ist, wenn es geläufige Vorstellungen von "Natur" und "Kultur" infrage stellt. Der Garten wird von den Protagonist*innen als stärkender und heilender, auch als spiritueller Ort beschrieben, der Vielfalt nicht nur hervorbringt und goutiert, sondern selbst auch repräsentiert. Der Garten ermöglicht das "Queeren" und Umdeuten von NaturKulturen und erweitert damit auch die Handlungs- und Wahrnehmungsspielräume der beteiligten Gärtner*innen. Eine weitere im Beitrag beschriebene Dimension des Queer Gardening ist die kritische Nutzung der Gärten als postkoloniale Orte.
Komplexität auf der Bühne
Authors: Scharfenberg Ute
Published: May 2024

Wie kann das Theater unsere heutigen opaken Wirklichkeitsverhältnisse vermitteln? Und wie können Bühnenaktionen Vorstellungen von Zusammenhang und Sinn mobilisieren? Ute Scharfenberg analysiert erstmals zeitgenössische Theatertexte, die mit außerordentlich hohen Komplexitätsgraden der Darstellung experimentieren. Die komplizierten »Verflechtungsfabeln« bringen Figuren und Ereignisse in oft überraschende Korrespondenzen und fordern ein kritisch-assoziatives Imaginieren und deutendes Interpretieren heraus. Ihre neuartigen Techniken verleihen der Darstellungs- wie auch der Zuschaukunst eine eminente Produktivität.
Bill Gates, Impfungen und die New World Order. Verschwörungstheorien zu Covid-19 in sozialen Medien
Authors: Tschiggerl Martin
Published: May 2024

Die COVID-19 Pandemie und die unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen zu deren Eindämmung haben zu einem Wildwuchs an verschiedensten Verschwörungstheorien in Sozialen Medien geführt. Dieser Artikel analysiert theoriegeleitet zwei Plattformen, auf denen diese verbreitet werden: Den Twitter-Account von KenFM und die Telegram-Gruppe von Attila Hildmann. Der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckt sich vom 27. Februar 2020, also jenem Tag, an dem der Krisenstab der deutschen Bundesregierung zum ersten Mal zusammentrat, bis zum 30. Oktober 2020. Die untersuchten Kanäle unterscheiden sich zwar in der Radikalität der verbreiteten Verschwörungstheorien, greifen jedoch auf ähnliche Narrative und Feindbilder zurück.