bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial effects of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), and natural resource rents on carbon productivity in the GCC region
Authors: Mahmood Haider
Published: October 2023

Background

Natural resource rents (NRRs) may determine the environment and economic growth of the GCC countries due to their over-reliance on the natural resource sector. NRRs are the source of income in resource-abundant GCC countries. So, increasing income of these countries could pollute the environment by increasing overall economic activities. Consequently, NRRs could determine carbon productivity in the GCC region through increasing income and carbon emissions.

Methods

The effects of trade openness (TO), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization, and oil and natural gas rents on carbon productivity (CP) are examined in the GCC region from 1980–2021 using the spatial Durbin model.

Results

The CP of the GCC countries has spillovers in their neighboring countries. Oil rent reduces carbon productivity in domestic economies and the entire GCC region. Natural gas rent, TO, and FDI increase, and urbanization reduces carbon productivity in neighboring economies and the entire GCC region. Moreover, urbanization reduces carbon productivity in domestic economies as well. The study recommends the GCC countries to reduce reliance on oil rent and increase globalization in terms of TO and FDI in the region to promote carbon productivity. Moreover, GCC countries should also focus more on natural gas rent instead of oil rent to raise carbon productivity.
Producción del borde costero de Valparaíso, a partir de las relaciones entre actores, en el marco de la relación ciudad/puerto (2009-2018)
Authors:   , Quintana Meléndez Paula Ximena
Published: October 2023

La tesis analiza en detalle la producción del espacio en el borde costero y las relaciones entre los actores, identificando particularmente aquellas relaciones de conflicto que obstaculizaron la realización de infraestructura y relaciones fluidas de producción en las prácticas espaciales, que obstaculizaron representaciones del espacio oficialistas y que promovieron otras desde la sociedad civil. En esta sección se analizan aspectos del concepto de gobernanza, gobernanza portuaria y concepto gobernanza ciudad puerto. La última sección del análisis de datos se refiere a los Espacios de representación, la identidad, la vida cotidiana, mostrando una gran fortaleza en la identidad con Valparaíso, identidad con la historia portuaria, con el mar, la pesca, el borde costero. Finalmente, se muestran las conclusiones a las que se converge, respecto a los contenidos mencionados. También se mencionan líneas de estudio respecto a las que se sugiere mayor investigación. Se termina sumando sugerencias respecto a políticas pública para el mejor desarrollo y bienestar de la ciudad puerto de Valparaíso.
De diabladas y diablas: catálogo ilustrado de trajes de diablada a través del tiempo
Authors:   , Gandarillas Pérez Marcela
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo se divide en dos partes. En primer lugar, un análisis histórico sobre el nacimiento de la diablada, danza propia de pueblos andinos originarios, en el carnaval de Oruro – Bolivia, la simbología y la leyenda asociada, y nuevo contexto de la fiesta de la Tirana en Iquique – Chile, atendiendo también el proceso de adaptación de esta danza. Se buscará discutir sus transformaciones y evolución en el tiempo mediante un análisis de los cambios en sus bordados, además del constante intercambio que da desde sus inicios, con el fin de reflejar este proceso propio del patrimonio cultural inmaterial vivo, maleable capaz de recrearse constantemente. En segundo lugar, se desarrolla un proyecto asociado a este fenómeno, titulado “catálogo ilustrado de trajes de diablada a través del tiempo” que tiene la intención de reflejar, mediante ilustraciones; los diferentes cambios que han experimentado los trajes de diablada a través del tiempo, y han sido modificados a causa de un contexto y festividad específicos. El proyecto busca salvaguardar los conocimientos que tenemos de este patrimonio, dotando de una descripción visual de donde se ha estado, para poder reflexionar sobre los posibles cambios que puedan producirse en el futuro.
Vivienda reversible: estrategias dinámicas para la maximización de etapa de uso y de los recursos materiales y espaciales
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura, Gama Galle Stephanie
Published: October 2023

Actualmente los edificios son pensados mediante una economía lineal, donde la variable dinámica no es considerada y con ella los procesos que ocurren a lo largo de la vida útil no son tomados en cuenta. Como resultado, pasamos por ciclos viciosos entre extraer, fabricar, construir, usar y desechar, que están asociados a diversos impactos ambientales. En Chile, un 34% de los residuos del sector de la construcción son consecuencia de las etapas de construcción y demolición, que están asociados a la contaminación del agua y suelo, además de gases de efecto invernadero (Construye, 2025). Las nuevas demandas de los usuarios sobre los edificios muchas veces están relacionadas con su crecimiento, lo que resulta en un constante agotamiento de los recursos y generación de residuos. En el caso de la vivienda, la respuesta informal más predominante de los habitantes ante a la necesidad de adaptarse, transformarse, o volver a un estado anterior, es la autoconstrucción. A pesar de haber un desarrollo de tipología de vivienda, llamada comúnmente de vivienda progresiva en Chile, ésta no es planificada desde el diseño circular, lo que hace que sus procesos autoconstructivos impacten al medio ambiente a diversas escalas. Como alternativa al sistema de vivienda progresiva actual y al modelo lineal, se propone pensar en soluciones circulares. Éstas, tienen como carácter la extensión de la vida útil del edificio y sus piezas, reconociendo todo el ciclo de vida del proyecto, desde la extracción material hasta que el desecho llegue al vertedero ofreciendo una oportunidad para el cambio necesario. Como una solución para la planificación técnica de estos procesos y la maximización del ciclo de vida del proyecto, se identifica la reversibilidad como estrategia de diseño. Ésta permite que la arquitectura responda de manera circular a los procesos dinámicos por parte de las familias, al centrase la etapa del diseño en el planeamiento de los futuros escenarios de uso, tanto a la escala funcional, en términos de adaptabilidad, como en cuanto a la escala técnica mediante la optimización y el cambio de la demolición por el desmontaje. Mediante el estudio del nivel de reversibilidad de un caso de tipología de vivienda progresiva, la Comunidad Andalucía, se puede sistematizar los puntos críticos y aportes que podría conllevar la reversibilidad, donde se pudo identificar estrategias proyectuales que incluyan los dos parámetros claves del concepto: el desmontaje y la adaptabilidad.
La integración del adulto mayor en el lote 10x40: repensando la vida común de la vejez a través de la regeneración barrial
Authors:   , Lai Wang Bing I
Published: October 2023

El tema de esta tesis surgió a partir del estudio de la vida cotidiana de un adulto mayor que, siendo extranjera en un territorio desconocido, logró desenvolverse e integrarse a la comunidad del barrio sin la necesidad de manejar el idioma. Se entiende que el idioma es una barrera, y por tanto, el hecho de que la adulto mayor pudiese desenvolverse indica que hubo otros elementos que ayudaron a su integración. Dentro del marco de esta tesis, la investigación se centra en entender si la materialidad, el espacio, el entorno construido y también la vida en común fueron los elementos presentes en dicha adaptación. En ese sentido, la investigación y el proyecto indagan en cómo la vida en comunidad y cómo la arquitectura podrían permitir la socialización de adultos mayores y distintas generaciones a través de entorno construido. Por lo tanto, esta tesis tiene como objetivo no sólo investigar cómo se deben repensar los espacios comunes de la vivienda cuando las estructuras sociales no están definidas por lazos sanguíneos, sino también comprender cómo se deben estructurar las unidades de habitación para tener al adulto mayor como centro del diseño e integrarlo a la vida urbana. En ese sentido, se plantea que el cuidado en torno a un recurso común ayudaría a mantener a los adultos mayores activos, incentivando las interacciones sociales e integraciones sociales. Del mismo modo, se propone un proyecto que redefine la vida en comunidad al interior de la vivienda y busca integrar al adulto mayor tanto en el hogar como en la vida de barrio. Para ello, el caso del Barrio Vista Hermosa, ubicado en comuna Recoleta será el lugar de investigación, observación y propuesta de diseño en 3 distintas escalas. El análisis del barrio, la densificación equilibrada para una nueva tipología de vivienda, y los elementos que permiten que el adulto mayor se integre en una vida cotidiana.
Desarrollo de prácticas de liderazgo instruccional en colaboración con líder intermedio para potenciar el aprendizaje en lenguaje para los niveles NT2 y 1° básico en una escuela de la región de O'Higgins, Chile
Authors:   , Pino López Valeria Francisca
Published: October 2023

El liderazgo escolar enfrenta diversos desafíos para potenciar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y uno de ellos es conformar equipos de trabajo que colaboren para favorecer su desarrollo profesional docente bajo una visión compartida. Se realizó una investigación de tipo profesional en un colegio de la Región de O´Higgins, situado en los niveles segundo de transición y primero básico. A partir de las Prácticas de Liderazgo Instruccional sistematizadas por Volante y Müller (2017) se propone una intervención que favorezca la articulación entre Educación Parvularia y Básica para la alfabetización inicial. Así, se trabajó con una líder intermedia, una profesora básica y una educadora de párvulos construyendo una visión compartida para la asignatura de lenguaje, definiendo aprendizajes claves del currículum y culminando con la implementación de prácticas de retroalimentación entre pares docentes guiadas por el modelo TPEG de Cravens, et. al (2017). Los resultados exponen cómo las participantes, a partir de la desprivatización de sus prácticas pedagógicas, son capaces de visualizar la trayectoria educativa de los estudiantes en perspectiva, lo que les permite reflexionar hacia la mejora de sus propias prácticas, favoreciendo la articulación entre ambos niveles desde la colaboración instruccional, lo cual se refleja en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Orientaciones para contextualizar un curriculum bilingüe a la realidad lingüística del aula: la reflexión docente como refugio a la diversidad
Authors:   , Silva Parentelli María Francisca
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo indaga, mediante entrevistas a tres docentes de Primer Ciclo, en las decisiones curriculares tomadas para enfrentar dificultades lingüísticas en asignaturas bilingües. Se sitúa en un colegio particular de Santiago Oriente, cuyo proyecto propone la enseñanza del inglés con un fin comunicativo, pero en realidad, aplica un modelo bilingüe vinculado al Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenido y Lengua (AICLE). Consecuentemente, se establecen las tres perspectivas del lenguaje de este enfoque como lineamientos teóricos para el estudio, llevado a cabo como un Análisis Cualitativo del Contenido en dos etapas. La primera etapa, de tipo deductiva, logra vislumbrar las tres perspectivas del lenguaje en cada discurso docente, revelando que reconocen la multidimensionalidad de la lengua y la complejidad de su integración. Luego, en una fase inductiva, se contrastan las nociones de los participantes para identificar elementos comunes que inspiren orientaciones para contextualizar un curriculum bilingüe que albergue la diversidad lingüística del aula. Las ideas compartidas apuntan a concebir el aprendizaje como un proceso significativo donde el lenguaje permite construir el conocimiento. Por ello, surge la necesidad de poner el foco en los aprendices y conocer sus necesidades para tomar decisiones curriculares adecuadas. Lo anterior, considerando que los múltiples obstáculos idiomáticos repercuten en el clima, la motivación y el desarrollo cognitivo. Finalmente, promoviendo la idoneidad del juicio pedagógico para gestionar el currículum y responder a las necesidades del aula, se espera que estos lineamientos puedan contribuir a la práctica curricular docente y su valorización.
Mapeando las narrativas afectivas que encuerpan a les niñes: Entre-vistas con los nuevos estudios de Infancia
Authors:   , Ortiz Lagos Mónica del Carmen
Published: October 2023

Esta investigación conjuga mis reflexiones y afecciones con los mapeos corpóreo-afectivos que utilizo para aproximarse de manera crítica a la producción de la categoría niño, niña, niñe en el contexto preescolar. Se entrelaza esta aproximación con el análisis bibliográfico de los nuevos estudios sobre niñeces y es desde este locus de posicionamiento, reflexivo y crítico donde mi propio devenir , interfiere e intraacciona con las categorías que entorpecen, estratifican y limitan la corporeidad afectiva de les niñes y aquellas implicancias que recaen (en elles) como lógicas heteronormativas, capacitistas y binarias, arraigadas a diversos marcadores de diferencia, tales como género, edad, etnia, clase, entre otros, delimitadas en enfoques hegemónicos y adulto-centristas. Los diálogos dialogantes, de las historias con la teoría, corporizan afectivamente el encuentro de la categoría niño, niña, niñe con los nuevos estudios de infancia, en una auto-etnografía que busca desterritorializar las elisiones e incompletudes que enmarcan a les niñes.
Hydrogen production economics : a compound real options analysis
Authors:   , Ovalle Parot Tomás
Published: October 2023

Muchos países ya han desarrollado políticas y estrategias para una economía verde del hidrógeno y, en consecuencia, el sector privado ya ha iniciado proyectos para producirlo. Dada la gran incertidumbre que conlleva un proyecto de este tipo, este trabajo propone una metodología para estimar el valor de añadir tanto la flexibilidad de retrasar algunas de las inversiones asociadas al proyecto como la flexibilidad de ampliar la capacidad de generación de energía renovable y la capacidad de producción de hidrógeno como decisiones separadas. En concreto, utilizamos un método llamado Compound Least Squares Monte Carlo, que puede servir para aplicar el análisis de opciones reales a los procesos de decisión de inversión en varias etapas. Ilustramos la metodología propuesta utilizando un caso hipotético, basado en el norte de Chile. Nuestros resultados numéricos muestran que, en el 86,74% de los casos, es óptimo invertir en una planta de producción de hidrógeno, realizando una inversión multietapa en energías renovables y luego en capacidad de producción de hidrógeno verde en el 100% de estos escenarios. En el resto de los casos, nuestros resultados sugieren invertir únicamente en capacidad de generación de energía renovable. Además, el Valor Actual Neto esperado del proyecto que permite las inversiones compuestas es un 1.186,5% más rentable que un enfoque que obliga al inversor a tomar todas las decisiones de inversión en un solo período.
Aplicação das ferramentas da qualidade em uma microempresa de reparação e manutenção de computadores e de equipamentos periféricos
Authors: Ribeiro Kauã Vasconcelos , Ferreira Lívia Vasconcelos , Sanjulião Lo-Ruana Karen Amorim , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Reis Maria José , Piantino Luiz Fernando Moura , Pinto Reni Aparecido Norberto , Da Silva Hugo Marques
Published: October 2023

Este artigo analisa as aplicações das ferramentas da qualidade em uma microempresa de manutenção de computadores, com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência e a satisfação do cliente. A empresa em si enfrenta desafios constantes, como o aumento da concorrência, demanda por serviços de alta qualidade e também a falta de marketing. Portanto, a utilização adequada das ferramentas da qualidade pode auxiliar nesse processo. Primeiramente, é discutida a importância da gestão da qualidade e como ela pode impactar positivamente os resultados da empresa. Em seguida, são apresentadas diversas ferramentas da qualidade que podem ser utilizadas nesse contexto, como o diagrama de causa e efeito (também conhecido como diagrama de Ishikawa), matriz GUT, fluxograma, 5w2h, folha de verificação, PDCA, a análise SWOT, entre outras. Por fim, o artigo ressalta a importância do envolvimento de todos os funcionários da empresa na aplicação das ferramentas da qualidade. É fundamental que haja um comprometimento da equipe e um ambiente propício à inovação e à melhoria contínua. Ao implementar e utilizar adequadamente as ferramentas da qualidade, a empresa de manutenção de computadores pode aumentar sua eficiência, reduzir custos, melhorar a satisfação do cliente e se destacar no mercado altamente competitivo.
Comparison of Synergistic Action of Alpha Blockers and Tadalafil in the Management of Lower Ureteric Stones as Medical Expulsive Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Thakur Avinash PS , Patel Prashant , Dubey Anurag , Solanki Fanindra Singh
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) involves the utilisation of different drugs that act on the ureter through various mechanisms. Alpha-1 adrenoceptor and Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulate ureteric motility thus combination of these drugs can increase the ureteric stone expulsion rate by complementing each other’s actions. Aim: To assess the synergistic role of alpha-blocker and Tadalafil therapy in facilitating the spontaneous expulsion of distal ureteral stones. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Urology at a Tertiary Care Centre (NSCB Medical College) from April 2020 to January 2022. A total of 281 patients diagnosed with lower ureteric stones (5-10 mm) were divided into five study groups: Group A was treated with tamsulosin, group B with silodosin, group C with tadalafil alone, group D with tamsulosin and tadalafil, and group E treated with a combination of silodosin and tadalafil. Corticosteroid (deflazacort 6 mg) was also included in every group. All patients were reassessed after three weeks of treatment for stone expulsion rate, expulsion time, the number of hospital visits for pain, and adverse effects of drugs. The statistical data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 21.0, IBM Corp, USA). The Chi-square test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test were used to determine the effect on stone expulsion rate and expulsion time. The confidence interval was 95%, and the significance level of the p-value was set <0.05. Results: The stone expulsion rates in group A, B, C, D, and E were 70.91%, 79.63%, 52.63%, 84.21%, and 86.20%, respectively, which was significant (p=0.00194). The mean time taken for stone expulsion in group A, B, C, D, and E were 8.95±1.73, 8.43±1.57, 9.86±1.90, 7.96±2.03, and 7.75±1.84 days (p=0.0001). Minor side effects were not significant, except for retrograde ejaculation in group B and E, and 22.8% of patients needed hospitalisation in group C (tadalafil alone). Conclusion: Combination therapy is safe, efficacious, and welltolerated as MET for distal ureteric calculi in the 5-10 mm range, thereby avoiding surgical procedures and providing faster relief for the patients.
Efficacy of Scabdel and Golden Copper Fungicides on Phytopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Guava Leaves
Authors: Hussein Mohamed A. , Salah Eman , Marwan Dina , Sayed Omnia , Abdalhakm Asmaa , Abdelhakeem Roqaia , Ibrahim Ebtesam , Abdelhakeem Aya , Gherbawy Youssuf A.
Published: October 2023

The objectives of the study identify the fungal species from guava leaves symptomatic with leaf spots. Six fungal species (Alternaria atra, Botryotrichium verrucosum, Cochliobolus specifer, Drechslera halodes, Humicola grisea and Stachybotrys chartarum) were isolated from infected guava leaves by the direct plate method on PDA medium at 28°C. Pathogenicity test illustrated that only two species were pathogenic to guava leaves, and B. verrucosum exhibited moderate virulent ability, but C. specifer was weakly virulent. Half of the fungal species were pathogenic to apple fruits indicating that the species were non-host-specific to the guava plant. Scabdel fungicide completely inhibited the growth of B. verrucosum at 50 ppm, but in the case of C. specifer the inhibition ranged 18.8-33.3% with dose increases. Golden Copper was stimulatory to the growth of tested fungi at 50 -1000 ppm doses.
Analyzing Election Sentiments in Tweets with Gated Recurrent Units (GRU)
Authors: Agu Edward O.  , Zevini Bako Jeremy , Abiola Hambali  Moshood
Published: October 2023

Sentiment analysis, a key task in natural language processing, is important for detecting the emotional tone portrayed in text. In this study, we focus on implementing a Gated Recurrent   Unit (GRU) model to analyze attitudes within the 2020 Donald Trump Election tweets dataset. By setting the GRU model with carefully selected parameters, the aim of the study is to unveil the inherent sentiment patterns in the dataset. To develop the sentiment analysis model, the study devised a three phase methodology which that include data preprocessing, feature selection using correlation matrix, and lastly the implementation of GRU. Futhermore, we provided the outcomes of our experiment, evaluating the model's performance through important measures such as accuracy, precision, and recall. Notably, our data exhibit an exceptional accuracy rate of 93%, verifying the model's power to appropriately categorize attitudes. Additionally, both recall and precision receive outstanding ratings of 94% and 96%, indicating the model's skill in distinguishing both positive and negative attitudes. This inquiry emphases the effective usage of the GRU model in sentiment analysis, shedding light on the emotional nuances within the 2020 Donald Trump dataset and enriching our understanding of sentiments during the election period.
How does Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) Improve Soil Fertility and Plant Cover in the Simiri Commune in Niger?
Authors: Boukary Daouda , Djabri Hassimiou Halidou , Boureima Karimou Harouna , Zoubeirou Alzouma Mayaki
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study aimed to assess Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) impacts on improving soil fertility and plant cover through the physicochemical characterization of soil samples taken from ANR fields and control fields.

Study Design:  The experimental design is made up of a vegetation observation gradient along an East-West transect and a soil sampling gradient along a North-South transect.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Sahelian zone in the rural commune of Simiri in Niger between May and June 2023.

Methodology: Data on the diversity of species predominant in the ANR system, the social categories of ANR users and farmers' perceptions of ANR were collected on a sample of 120 farmers chosen at random from three villages in the commune of Simiri.

Results: A sandy texture was recorded in all the samples submitted for analysis, with an overall acid of soil pH (5.18 ⁃ 5.62). The proportions of the main nutrients: C(0,16), N(0,015), P(6,88), K(0,066), Mo(0,30) C/N(10,83) were relatively higher in the fields under ANR practices compared with the control fields. With regard to the dominant woody species, the results show that the stands are mainly based on Combretum glutinosum, Combretum micranthum and Guera senegalensis. The ability of woody species to withstand stressful conditions could act as a bulwark against climatic hazards. The strong dominance of these species is due, among other things, to their regenerative capacity, their rapid spread and, above all, their economic interest in the production of firewood and other ecosystem services.

Conclusion: The Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) adoption in farming practices has often been accompanied by the creation of village committees for the protection and management of trees and other areas of sustainable natural resource management. Despite mutilation and other illegal felling, the new agroforestry parks increase the resilience of agricultural production systems to climatic shocks and biotic stresses.
Effect of Dates of Sowing on Grain Yield of Rabi Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Reddy Boppidi Manasa , Mahadevappa S. G. , Reddy K. Indudhar , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra
Published: October 2023

Aim: To determine the optimum date of sowing to realize higher grain yield in rabi rice.

Study Design: Split plot.

Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad during rabi, 2022.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of a total of fifteen treatments which were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were five dates of sowing in the main plot M1-20th November, M2-1st December, M3-10th December, M4-20th December, and M5-30th December and three treatments of varieties in subplots S1-JGL 24423 (long slender variety), S2-Ganga Kaveri (medium slender variety) and S3-RNR 15048 (short slender variety) randomly placed in subplots of the main plot.

Results: Maximum plant height (100.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (432), dry matter accumulation (15869 kg ha-1), grain yield (7219 kg ha-1), straw yield(8387 kg ha-1) and HI (46.1) was noticed in crop Sownon 30thDecember. Significantly maximum number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (14263 kg ha-1), grain yield (6127 kg ha-1), straw yield (8650 kg ha-1) was observed in S2-Ganga Kaveriwhile significantly higher plant height (100.6 cm) and HI (45.0) was found in S3-RNR 15048. Lowest height was recorded in S2-Ganga Kaveri (92.6 cm), and above parameters were recorded lowest in crop sown on 20th November, while lowest number of tillers m-2and straw yield (8122 kg ha-1) was observed in crop sown on 1st December.Significantlyless number of tillers m-2 (326), dry matter accumulation (13981 kg ha-1), grain yield (6166 kg ha-1), straw yield (7526 kg ha-1) was recorded in S3-RNR 15048, while lowest HI (43.9) was recorded in S1-JGL 24423.

Conclusion: Crop sown on 30thDecember revealed better performance in terms of grain yield under the present study during Rabi conditions. Among varieties, Ganga Kaveri (S2) performed better in terms of grain yield.
Effect of Auxin and Cytokinin on Grafting and Growth of Sapling of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Kumari Megha , Dashora L. K. , Jain Moolchand , Meena Ramraj , Tak Yamini
Published: October 2023

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of auxin and cytokinin on grafting and growth of sapling of guava (Psidium guajava L.) at department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, ummedganj, KOTA, KVK Modal nursery Agriculture university Kota during the year of 2020-21.In the investigation, L-49 cultivar of guava (Psidium guajava L.) was selected as mother plant for obtaining scion bud. The foliar spray of NAA and BA (50 and 25 ppm each) either on rootstock or/and scion branch was applied 10 days prior to grafting. The most responsive treatments was foliar spray on rootstocks with BA at 25 ppm concentration. Rootstocks treated with BA (25 ppm) resulted in length of scion shoot after grafting (16.63 cm), diameter of sprouted scion (2.80 cm), diameter of rootstocks (3.41 cm), number of leaves (20.83), leaf area (24.76 cm2), number of lateral shoot (7.89) as compared to others treatments.
Awareness of Ergonomics in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Lawani-Luwaji E. U.  , Enebrayi Onitsha , Augustine Akhogba
Published: October 2023

Aim: Clinical laboratory employees are highly susceptible to developing musculoskeletal disorders directly related to their job duties. This study assesses the level of ergonomics awareness among Medical Laboratory Scientist practitioners working across both public and private laboratories.

Study Design: A web-based system and program were employed online to produce, distribute, and assess surveys.

Place and Duration of Study: The survey was conducted from May 27 to June 6, 2023, among Medical Laboratory Scientists employed in private or government institutions in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Methodology: Structured questions about ergonomics were created to achieve research goals. Respondents were between 20 and 60 years.

Results Regardless of age, 85% of participants had good knowledge of ergonomics. Gender was found to impact knowledge, as demonstrated by a t-test.

Conclusion: Laboratory heads of departments and scientists must understand the importance of preventing injuries and acknowledge the potential for future discomfort, even if they are not currently experiencing any. Safety is a serious responsibility for everyone, and prioritising injury prevention is critical in laboratory environments.
What Is Renal Cell Carcinoma?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Patient Page describes renal cell carcinoma and its risk factors, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prognosis.
Role of School Nurses in the Health and Education of Children
Authors: Dickson Elizabeth , Cogan Robin , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M.
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Forum discusses the reasons for investing in school nurses, identifies challenges in supporting school health programs, and provides recommendations for investing in school nursing as a key strategy for improving children’s health, equity, and well-being.
Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Among Children
Authors: Tripathi Osika , Parada Humberto , Sosnoff Connie , Matt Georg E. , Quintana Penelope J. E. , Shi Yuyan , Liles Sandy , Wang Lanqing , Caron Kevin T. , Oneill James , Nguyen Ben , Blount Benjamin C. , Bellettiere John
Published: January 2025

Importance

The degree that in-home cannabis smoking can be detected in the urine of resident children is unclear.

Objective

Test association of in-home cannabis smoking with urinary cannabinoids in children living at home.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used baseline data from Project Fresh Air, a 2012-2016 randomized clinical trial to reduce fine particulate matter levels. Eligible participants were recruited from households in San Diego County, California, with children under age 14 years and an adult tobacco smoker in residence. Children’s urine samples were analyzed in 2022.

Exposures

In-home cannabis smoking, measured by: parent or guardian report of in-home cannabis smoking; number of daily nonspecific smoking events computed via an air particle count algorithm; and number of daily cannabis smoking events ascertained by residualization, adjusting for air nicotine, tobacco smoking, and other air particle generating or ventilating activities.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Levels of the cannabis biomarker Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Biomarker molar equivalents were summed to represent total THC equivalents (TTE) in urine. Logistic regression assessed whether in-home smoking was associated with cannabis biomarker detection. For children with detectable urinary cannabinoids, linear regression assessed in-home smoking association with quantity of urinary TTE.

Results

A total of 275 children were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 3.6 [3.6] years; 144 male [52.4%]; 38 Black [13.8%], 132 Hispanic [48.0%], and 52 White [18.9%]). Twenty-nine households (10.6%) reported in-home cannabis smoking in the past 7 days; 75 children [27.3%] had detectable urinary cannabinoids. Odds of detectable TTE in children’s urine were significantly higher in households with reported in-home cannabis smoking than households without (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% CI, 2.4-10.4) and with each additional ascertained daily cannabis smoking event (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-3.9). Although the point estimate for TTE levels was higher among children with detectable urinary cannabinoids and exposure to more daily cannabis smoking events (increase per event, 35.68%; 95% CI, −7.12% to 98.21%), the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, in-home cannabis smoking was associated with significantly increased odds of child exposure to cannabis smoke, as assessed by urinary cannabinoid biomarkers. As young children spend most of their time at home, reducing in-home cannabis smoking could substantially reduce their exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic chemicals found in cannabis smoke.
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil
Authors: Cardim Luciana Lobato , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Rodrigues Laura Cunha , Carvalho-Sauer Rita , Brickley Elizabeth Bailey , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar , Pescarini Julia Moreira , Andrade Roberto Fernandes Silva , Barreto Mauricio Lima , Teixeira Maria da Glória Lima Cruz , Paixao Enny Santos da
Published: January 2025

Importance

Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) can lead to a range of developmental and neurological issues, which increases the risk of early death. However, the all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children with CZS in the first 5 years of life remain unknown.

Objective

To compare the hazard of all-cause and cause-specific mortality before age 5 years among children with and without CZS in Brazil.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used nationwide linked routine data including all children born from January 2015 to December 2018 in Brazil. They were followed-up until age 5 years, death, or December 2020, whichever occurred first. All analysis were conducted in May 2024.

Exposures

Confirmed or probable cases of CZS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause and cause-specific deaths from respiratory, infectious and parasitic, and nervous system diseases were the outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs), comparing children with and without CZS, for all and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for region and year of birth, maternal characteristics (age, education, race and/or ethnicity, and marital status), and sex of the newborn. The analysis was conducted in May 2024.

Results

In total, there were 11 387 431 live births (5 832 594 male newborns [51.2%]). Of 3080 children notified as CZS cases, 444 (14.4%) died, including 154 (34.7%) from respiratory diseases, 152 (34.2%) from infectious and parasitic diseases, and 82 (18.5%) from nervous system diseases. Children with CZS were predominantly preterm (596 newborns [20.0%] vs 1 122 378 newborns [10.1%]) and had low birth weight (1095 newborns [35.7%] vs 805 373 newborns [7.1%]), compared with children without CZS. After controlling for confounders, children with CZS were 13.10 (95% CI, 11.86-14.46) times more likely to die in the first 5 years of life compared with those without the syndrome. The cause-specific mortality HRs were 30.28 (95% CI, 25.59-35.83) for respiratory diseases, 28.26 (95% CI, 23.85-33.48) for infectious and parasitic diseases, and 57.11 (95% CI, 45.23-72.11) for nervous system diseases. After excluding newborns who were preterm, low birth weight, and/or small for gestational age, the HRs for all-cause and cause-specific deaths were even higher.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, children born with CZS had strikingly higher risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. These findings may support the development of clinical protocols to prevent early mortality and improve survival in these children.
Impact of Scleroderma‐Associated Autoantibodies on Clinical Outcome Assessments: Post Hoc Analysis From a Randomised, Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 Trial of Tocilizumab in Scleroderma
Authors: Al Dulaijan Basmah , Huang Suiyuan , Lin Celia J. F. , Denton Christopher P. , Khanna Dinesh
Published: January 2025

Objective

Scleroderma‐associated autoantibodies (SSc‐Abs) are specific in participants (pts) with systemic sclerosis and are associated with organ involvement. Our objective was to assess the influence of baseline SSc‐Abs on the trajectories of the clinical outcome assessments (COAs) in a phase III randomized controlled trial.

Methods

We used data on both the groups who received placebo (Pbo) and tocilizumab from the focuSSced trial. The SSc‐Ab panel was assessed centrally. We analyzed four groups with SSc‐Abs: anti–topoisomerase 1 antibody (ATA), anti–RNA polymerase 3 antibody (RNAP3), anti‐centromere antibody, and negative for all three (triple negative). We assessed the impact of baseline SSc‐Abs on six COAs: modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), forced vital capacity (FVC%), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, patient and clinical global assessments, and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Composite Response Index in Systemic Sclerosis (CRISS).

Results

We observed that all COAs, except for FVC%, improved for the group who received Pbo during the 48‐week period. For mRSS, pts with RNAP3 showed the largest Pbo effect (7.20 per year, n = 14) and smallest for ATA (3.28 per year, n = 49). This trend was also seen for the ACR CRISS (0.00–1.00 scale), with median improvement at week 48 of 0.94 for RNAP3 versus 0.01 for ATA. ATA enriched for FVC% decline of 7.34% per year versus 2.54% per year for RNAP3. In the group who received tocilizumab, similar changes were seen in the mRSS and ACR CRISS with preservation of lung function, irrespective of SSc‐Ab type.

Conclusion

Our result shows a differential effect of SSc‐Abs on the trajectories of COAs over 48 weeks in group who received Pbo. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating SSc‐Abs in trial design, either as a stratification factor or limiting the SSc‐Abs that are included in the trials.

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Citrullinated Autoantigen–Specific T and B Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Follicular T Helper Cells and Expansion by Coculture
Authors: Ammon Tim , Zeiträg Julia , Mayr Vanessa , Benedicic Manuela , Holthoff Hans‐Peter , Ungerer Martin
Published: January 2025

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by circulating anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) autoantibodies (ACPAs), resulting in inflammation of the joints and other organs. We have established novel assays to assess immune cell subpopulations, including citrullinated antigen–specific (CAS) autoreactive B and T lymphocytes, in patients with RA.

Methods and Results

We found that activated CD25+ T cells were markedly increased in patients with RA compared to healthy controls. Novel combinations of major histocompatibility complex class II citrulline epitope tetramers were developed, which enabled robust detection of CAS T cells and showed increases of CAS‐naive T helper cells, Th1.17 cells, CAS total circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells, and cTfh1 cells in ACPA+ patients with RA. In addition, an innovative assay using dual labeling with CCP–biotin probes allowed for reproducible identification of primary CAS B cells after enrichment with advantages over existing detection methods. Furthermore, patient‐derived immune cells were successfully expanded. Primary RA B cells were successfully cultured on novel feeder cell lines, whereas T cells were expanded ex vivo in the presence of interleukin‐2 and citrullinated peptides, and subsequent alterations in cell frequencies were assessed.

Conclusion

Novel assays were established to reliably detect CAS T and B cells in patients with RA, and specific CAS‐naive T helper cells, Th1.17 cells, cTfh cells, and cTfh1 cells were observed more frequently in RA. Based on these results, new coculture systems of disease‐relevant cells are developed to simulate human secondary lymphoid tissues ex vivo. This technology will serve as a platform to identify therapies that modulate disease‐specific immune cells.
Network‐Remodeling, Electroactive and Antibacterial Cryogel with Tissue Sealing and Pro‐Coagulant Activity for Hemostasis and Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Luo Jinlong , Wu Zhengying , Zhao Xin , Qiao Lipeng , Huang Ying , Chen Jueying , Shan Yingli , Deng Zexing , Liang Zhen , Han Yong , Guo Baolin
Published: January 2025

Developing network‐remodeling, electroactive and antibacterial cryogel with tissue sealing and pro‐coagulant activity for wound repair and hemostasis remains challenging. Here, quaternized chitosan‐graft‐polyaniline (QCSP), oxidized dextran (OD), and benzaldehyde‐terminated Pluronic F127 are used to prepare cryogel dressings (QP/OD/PF) with network remodeling, electroactivity, antibacterial, antioxidation, tissue sealing and blood concentration effect via in situ dual Schiff base crosslinking. The cryogel exhibits conductivity and network remodeling after water absorption and demonstrates degradation, rapid swelling, excellent antioxidation, adhesion, biocompatibility, photothermal and antibacterial property. Besides, the excellent hemostatic property of the cryogel is confirmed via mouse liver puncture bleeding model, rat liver cruciate incision bleeding model, and rat liver perforation model. The blood concentration effect, as well as the activation of platelets and blood cells by the cryogel, is confirmed. This functionality is successfully utilized to prepare biologically active blood clot/cryogel composite dressing (B‐QP/OD/PF) to further promote skin wound healing. All the results of wound closure ratio, histological examination, immunofluorescence staining, and collagen deposition confirm that B‐QP/OD/PF is superior to QP/OD/PF and other groups in promoting full‐thickness mouse skin defect wound healing. This composite cryogel dressing opens up a new direction of development hemostatic dressing for hemostasis and further promoting wound healing.
3D In Vitro Glioma‐Neuron‐Astrocyte Biomimetic Composites Recapitulate Key Molecular Mechanisms Linked to Glioblastoma Multiforme Pathophysiology
Authors: Mier Mateo S. Andrade , Türker Esra , Faber Jessica , Friedrich Mike , Lamberger Zan , Weigelt Jeannette , Suwannakot Panthipa , Gantert Benedikt , Singh Abhinav , Moessler Vanessa , Sodmann Annemarie , Murenu Nicoletta , Schenk Joachim , Schaefer Natascha , Blunk Torsten , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Lühmann Tessa C. , Tessmar Jörg , Crook Jeremy M. , Tomaskovic‐Crook Eva , Dalton Paul D. , Lang Gregor , Blum Robert , Strick Reiner , Budday Silvia , Heinze Katrin G. , Villmann Carmen
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most devastating brain tumor without cure. Although in vitro and in vivo research on glioblastoma multiforme have demonstrated its complexity, including interactions with brain cells and the tumor microenvironment, 3D models resembling those key features and allowing to study therapeutic interventions of this aggressive tumor are scarce. Here, a 3D glioblastoma model is developed that establishes a tumor microenvironment including a hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel cross‐linked with laminin, both of which are key components of the brain's extracellular matrix. This hydrogel mimics the mechanical properties of the brain's extracellular matrix at the macroscopic and mesoscopic levels, as evaluated by stiffness, viscosity using rheological and nanoindentation measurements. The ultra‐soft hydrogel with a storage modulus of 100 Pa is reinforced by 3D printed microfiber scaffolds which allow the setup of a multicellular 3D model including primary cortical neurons and astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. Tumor microenvironment interactions are characterized through nanoindentation and confocal shadow imaging with the 3D in vitro disease model resembling in vivo properties of glioblastoma tumor entities characterized by functional interactions with the surrounding astrocytes and neurons and the tumor's hijacking capability using neuronal signaling to promote its own proliferation.
Premixed Exciplex Co‐Host for Constructing High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nie Yufang , Jiang Chao , Cao Chi , Liang Baoyan , Zhuang Xuming , Bi Hai , Wang Yue
Published: January 2025

Exciplex, characterized by intermolecular charge transfer and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties, plays a significant role in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly as co‐hosts. The rapid rate of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and balanced carrier mobility contribute to improved efficiency and suppressive efficiency roll‐off at high current density. Despite these advantages, the fabrication of devices using two‐component exciplexes is challenging, especially when the emitting layers require the simultaneous evaporation of three or four materials from separate crucibles. To address this issue, a pair of premixed exciplex co‐hosts is developed and utilized as the co‐host for Ir(ppy)3. The consistent performance of continuous parallelly fabricated devices with the same premixed co‐host sample indicates the long‐term stability of the premixed exciplex co‐host and the stable evaporation ratio of the electron donor and electron acceptor molecules. The devices achieve maximum luminance over 250 000 cd m−2, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.9%, a regardless efficiency roll‐off of 4.6% at 10 000 cd m−2, along with a prolonged operational LT95(lifetime to 95% of the initial luminance) of 165 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Further enhancement in device performance is observed through co‐doping a multiple resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) material in the emitting layer, underscoring the significant potential for industrial application.
Programmable DNA‐Peptide Conjugated Hydrogel via Click Chemistry for Sequential Modulation of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wei Zhenyuan , Li Xiaoxiao , Chen Yicheng , Han Zhaopu , Li Yan , Gan Lin , Yang Yang , Chen Yujie , Zhang Feng , Ye Xiaojian , Cui Wenguo
Published: January 2025

During peripheral nerve regeneration, current deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based therapeutic platforms face the challenge of precisely regulating Schwann cells (SCs) fate to sustain their repair phenotype due to their inability to stably and precisely integrate multiple bioactive components. Herein, the strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction is utilized to integrate the neurotrophic factor mimetic peptide RGI and the laminin‐derived peptide IKVAV into DNA monomers. Through DNA sequence self‐assembly, a programmable DNA‐peptide conjugated hydrogel is constructed for loading bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes. This programmable hydrogel can rapidly, stably, and precisely integrate various bioactive components into the hydrogel network, thereby enabling sequential modulation of peripheral nerve repair. In vitro, studies show that this hydrogel, through sequential modulation mechanisms, can activate the neuregulin‐1 (Nrg1)/ErbB pathway to induce the reprogramming of SCs and promote the recruitment and proliferation of repair SCs. The induced repair SCs promote neuronal axon outgrowth and enhance tube formation in endothelial cells. In vivo, this programmable hydrogel can gelate in situ through intraneural injection in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model, promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In summary, this work provides an effective and practical strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.