bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCREASING THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT PARTS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX BY APPLICATION OF LASER DEPOSITION
Authors: Kovalchuk Yuriy , Pushka Olexandr , Voitik Andriy , Kovalchuk Andriy
Published: May 2022

In this work, we studied the effect of laser melting and alloying elements (ТаВ, МоВ, B4C) on the friction coefficient and wear rate of plasma coatings of automotive parts in the agro-industrial complex under friction conditions both without lubricant and with lubricant.
Under friction without lubrication, the main factors that determine the wear resistance of the part are the hardness of the alloyed layer and its chemical composition. The content of molybdenum, tantalum and boron carbide borides in the surface layer, which provide the formation of secondary structures separating the friction surfaces, has a favorable effect on the coefficient of friction, and, consequently, on the operational characteristics of the surface.
As a result of the research, the following trend was revealed: coatings with a lower coefficient of friction also have the least weight wear and are the most wear-resistant. Alloying with tantalum boride increases the heat resistance of coatings, leads to grain refinement in them, and an increase in microhardness. Therefore, this coating can be recommended for operation in conditions of friction without lubricant and high pressures.
Studies have shown that the wear resistance of coatings is affected by laser processing modes, contact load, the method of reflow of a gas-thermal coating, as well as its chemical composition. The choice of laser processing modes provides control over the structure and properties of coatings, and also affects their wear.
Also, as a result of studies under friction conditions with a lubricant, it was determined that the coating after laser alloying with molybdenum boride has the lowest coefficient of friction and wear resistance. This can be explained by the fact that laser doping of iron-based coatings with molybdenum boride increases their heat resistance. This is important at increased loads on the test sample. In addition, molybdenum, interacting with atmospheric oxygen and lubricant, forms molybdenum oxide, which further reduces the coefficient of friction. Therefore, the coating after laser alloying with molybdenum boride can be recommended for operation under conditions of friction with a lubricant at elevated pressures.
Electronic Transmission to Conference Interpreters of Texts of Statements: Introduction of an Experimental System
Authors: NEWTON IAN A.
Published: May 2022

Abstract Interpretation may be suited to the transmission of improvized speech, but today’s conference interpreter is likely to devote much time to the interpretation of prepared statements which can constitute a considerable challenge. Interpreters frequently prefer
to receive these texts in written form, with a view to the preparation of their work or, at the very least, to have them as a visual support for their interpretation. Under the pressure of complaints that an inadequate share of texts was being supplied to interpreters, the interpretation management
in a multilateral organization conceptualized, designed and implemented a system to encourage the direct and timely transmission of delegates’ statements to interpreters. This article describes this process, indicates the levels of success achieved, and explains unexpected obstacles
and benefits, such as improved integration of interpreters into the meetings secretariats. It points towards the need for the support of organizations’ management in developing and implementing such systems, including the relevant technology. Last but not least, it explains how it is
vital to garner the trust of delegates and speakers that their texts will be treated with due care and that such systems serve the faithful interpretation of their messages.
Creating Brand Experiences Through Activational Sponsorship Leverage
Authors: Skard Siv , Apenes Solem Birgit A.
Published: May 2022

A commonly accepted notion is that companies should leverage their event sponsorships with promotional and communication activities beyond the sponsorship contract. Activational sponsorship leverage is an experiential marketing strategy that encourages consumers to engage actively in
brandrelated activities. The main purpose of this article is to investigate how level of consumer participation in brand-related activities at a sponsored event can improve brand evaluations by creating brand experiences. The article presents findings from a field quasiexperiment conducted
at a sponsored sporting event, in which three levels of consumer participation with the sponsoring brand (active, passive, or no participation) were examined. Drawing on brand experience theory, the main prediction is that active participation represents the highest level of consumer brand
engagement, and therefore should have the greatest potential for creating impactful brand experiences. The study provides valuable information for brand managers who seek to create memorable brand experiences through sponsorship-linked brand communication and activities.
IMPROVEMENT OF LOCAL VENTILATION SUCTION DURING PLASMA CUTTING OF SMALL-SCALE PARTS
Authors: Sivachenko Yu.A.
Published: May 2022

One of the main reasons for the deterioration of the environmental situation in the Russian Federation is air pollution by emissions of harmful substances into the environment, the intensification of which is caused by the decentralization of the sources of their formation. Theoretically, the interaction of a heat jet arising in a room with a supply jet has been studied, and, based on the results obtained, a method for localization and removal of hazards has been developed. The work also gives an ecological and economic assessment of the developed means of protecting air from pollution
Analisis Kapasitas Daya Pada Gardu Traksi Lintas Bojonggede – Bogor Menggunakan Kereta Rel Listrik Seri EA 203
Authors: Haryatmi Emy , Setyo Wibowo Rinto
Published: May 2022

Kereta Rel Listrik merupakan salah satu transportasi unggulan dalam mobilitas masyarakat perkotaan. Sarana KRL seri terbaru di Indonesia, yaitu EA 203 dioperasikan sejak tahun 2017 untuk layanan kereta bandara pada lintas Manggarai – Bandara Soekarno Hatta. Penelitian ini menggantikan peran KRL Seri JR 205 yang beroperasi saat ini pada lintas Bojonggede – Bogor dengan menggunakan KRL EA 203 dengan stamformasi sama dalam satu rangkaian. Diketahui total daya motor traksi pada KRL Seri EA 203 dengan sususan 3 Motor Car dan 9 Trailer Car sebesar 2400 kW. Terdapat 4 Gardu Traksi sepanjang lintas Bojonggede – Bogor, yaitu Gardu Traksi Bojonggede, Gardu Traksi Cilebut, Gardu Traksi Kedungbadak, dan Gardu Traksi Bogor. Pada hasil penelitian, total penggunaan kapasitas daya transformator meggunakan KRL EA 203 sebesar 44,16% pada Gardu Traksi Bojonggede, 44,16% pada Gardu Traksi Cilebut, 49,95% pada Gardu Traksi Kedungbadak, dan 69,94% pada Gardu Traksi Bogor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kapasitas daya pada Gardu Traksi sepanjang lintas Bojonggede – Bogor menggunakan KRL EA 203 masih sanggup mencukupi kebutuhan operasional KRL. Penambahan jadwal saat menggunakan KRL EA 203 pada GAPEKA 2021 juga dapat dilakukan sebanyak 4 perjalanan di Stasiun Bojonggede
A Clustering Algorithm for Cross-border E-commerce Customer Segmentation
Authors: Yang Shuling , Hou Yan
Published: May 2022

With the deepening of reform and opening up, cross-border e-commerce has made great progress and plays a very important role in today's society. Cross-border e-commerce is not only a place for commodity trading, but also a key channel for information communication when commodities are traded. Clustering analysis is one of the common technologies in the field of data mining, and it has its unique advantages in the application of customer segmentation. Firstly, this paper improves the selection of the initial clustering center of K-means clustering algorithm. Aiming at the defects of the existing literature, such as long time-consuming algorithm and poor accuracy when calculating the corresponding sample points for multiple maximum density parameter values as the initial clustering center, an improved scheme based on quadratic density is proposed and applied to customer value segmentation. The research shows that the improved K-means clustering algorithm significantly improves the quality of clustering, thus improving the effectiveness and pertinence of cross-border e-commerce marketing activities.
θ(*)-quasi Continuity for Multifunctions
Authors: Boonpok Chawalit
Published: May 2022

Our purpose is to introduce the concepts of upper and lower θ(⋆)-quasi continuous multifunctions. Several characterizations of upper and lower θ(⋆)-quasi continuous multifunctions are investigated.
National security of the Russian Federation: documents, fundamentals of theory, applied aspects
Authors: Yankovskaya E. S.
Published: May 2022

The article reveals the sequence of formation and qualitative transformation of the basic legal documents on national security. The analysis of the state of the theory of national security showed a relatively weak level of its scientific developments and disunity of results due to their interdisciplinary nature. The most acute problems in the field of the organizational and methodological component of activities to ensure national security are shown. The significance of the application of mathematical and statistical methods as a tool for information and analytical support of activities in the field of ensuring national security is noted.
Vorspannungsnachstellung an Kugelgewindetrieben/Preload adjustment on ball screws – Methods for increasing service life due to automatic adjustment of preload force
Authors: Jud Oliver , Helfesrieder Nico , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: May 2022

Die Vorspannung ist eine zentrale Größe für Kugelgewindetriebe, da sie Umkehrspiel und Nachgiebigkeit minimiert, gleichzeitig jedoch die Reibung und den Verschleiß erhöht. Die Vorspannungsnachstellung an Kugelgewindetrieben bietet die Möglichkeit, Verschleißerscheinungen zu minimieren und die Lebensdauer bei gleichbleibendem Betriebsverhalten zu erhöhen. In diesem Beitrag werden passive, rein mechanische Konzepte zur belastungsgerechten Vorspannungsnachstellung vorgestellt, die gegenüber bestehenden Lösungsansätzen vorteilhaft hinsichtlich der Kosten und des Integrationsaufwandes sind.

The preload is a key factor for ballscrew drives, as it minimizes backlash and compliance while increasing friction and thus wear. Preload adjustment on ballscrews allows for minimizing wear and increasing service life while maintaining the same operating behavior. This article presents purely mechanical methods for load-compliant preload adjustment, which are advantageous compared to existing solution approaches in terms of cost and integration effort.
Ganzheitliche Entwicklungsmethodik für Leichtbauansätze/Significant weight saving in new, mobile drive systems – Holistic development method for lightweight applications in CO2-neutral drive systems, demonstrated with a thermoset-aluminum hybrid crankcase
Authors: Bucherer Sebastian , Liebertseder Johannes , Reuter Steffen , Heß Stefan , Berg Lars , Zabirov Alexander
Published: May 2022

Bei neuen Antriebssystemen für einen treibhausgasneutralen Verkehr der Zukunft spielt der Leichtbau eine bedeutende Rolle. Im vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) geförderten Verbundprojekt „LeiMot – Gewichtsreduzierung eines Verbrennungsmotors durch Strukturoptimierung und Verwendung von Hybrid Metall- und Kunststoff-Komponenten“ wurde unter industrieller Federführung eine ganzheitliche Entwicklungsmethodik zur Umsetzung innovativer Leichtbauansätze für leichte und effiziente Antriebe der Zukunft demonstriert. Auch die Nutzung nicht-fossiler Kraftstoffe, zum Beispiel Wasserstoff, sind durch diese Entwicklung möglich.

Lightweight construction will play a significant role in new drive systems for the carbon-neutral transportation of the future. In the industry-led LeiMot project, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWi), a holistic development method for implementing innovative lightweight design approaches for future light and efficient drive systems was demonstrated. The use of non-fossil fuels, such as hydrogen, is also possible through this development.
Neuer Simulationsansatz für Maschinenkomponenten/New simulation approach for machine components – Coupled thermo-mechanical calculation of ball screws
Authors: Brecher Christian , Kneer Florian , Steinert Alexander , Weber Jakob , Neus Stephan
Published: May 2022

Aufgrund des hohen Wirkungsgrads und der hohen Positioniergenauigkeit und Steifigkeit sind Kugelgewindetriebe die am häufigsten eingesetzten Vorschubantriebe moderner Werkzeugmaschinen. Zur Verbesserung der Auslegung und Optimierung von Kugelgewindetrieben wird in diesem Beitrag ein Simulationsansatz vorgestellt, der es ermöglicht, den Zusammenhang zwischen der durch Reibung entstehenden Verlustleistung und der Erwärmung im Kugelgewindetrieb abzubilden. Dazu wird ein Reibmodell verwendet, das sich bei der Betrachtung von Spindellagern bewährt hat. Die Übertragbarkeit des Reibmodells auf Kugelgewindetriebe wird in Versuchen bestätigt.

Due to their high efficiency and high positioning accuracy and stiffness, ball screws are the most frequently used feed drives in modern machine tools. To improve the design and optimization of ball screws, this paper presents a simulation approach, which allows for mapping the relationship between the power loss caused by friction and the heating in the ball screw. For this purpose, a friction model is used which has proven successful in the analysis of spindle bearings. The transferability of the friction model to ball screws is confirmed in tests.
Neuartiger Ansatz zur Kühlung von Motorspindeln/Novel approach to cooling motor spindles – Numerical experiments on the cooling effects of motor spindles
Authors: Lorenz Michael , Burkhardt Jochen , Müllner Ralf , Birenbaum Christoph
Published: May 2022

Aus Gründen des Gesundheitsschutzes und zur Steigerung der Produktivität müssen in der Holzbearbeitung Späne zuverlässig abgesaugt werden. Durch einen zusätzlichen Ventilator lässt sich der Erfassungsgrad der Absauganlage verbessern. Der erzeugte Luftstrom kann zusätzlich zur Kühlung einer Motorspindel verwendet werden. In numerischen Strömungsberechnungen werden die Einflüsse eines Absaugventilators untersucht und die Kühlwirkung des Absaugstroms auf die Motorspindel betrachtet.

For reasons of health protection and to increase productivity, chips must be reliably extracted in woodworking. An additional fan can improve the collection efficiency of the extraction system. The generated air flow can additionally be used to cool a motor spindle. Numerical flow calculations examine the influences of an extraction fan and the cooling effect of the extraction flow on the motor spindle.
Hybride Intelligenz – Mensch und KI im Zusammenspiel/Development and introduction of production processes with AI assistance system – Hybrid intelligence: Human and AI in cooperation
Authors: Petrovic Oliver , Belke Manuel , Ochel Janis , Brecher Christian , Engels Alexander , Bransky Gregor , Pillen Nina , Figueiredo Lina , Hölzl Hannes
Published: May 2022

Die Zusammenarbeit von Menschen und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) hat große Potenziale für die Flexibilisierung und Produktivität von Produktionsanlagen. Um diese Potenziale ausschöpfen zu können, bedarf es eines Paradigmenwechsels bei der Entwicklung KI-gestützter Produktionsprozesse. Hier stoßen klassische Methoden der Prozessentwicklung häufig an ihre Grenzen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die relevanten Handlungsebenen für einen menschzentrierten KI-Ansatz sowie mögliche Anknüpfungspunkte für die weitere Forschung auf.

The cooperation of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to increase flexibility and productivity of production facilities. To exploit this potential, a paradigm shift is required in the development of AI-supported production processes. Here, classical methods of process development often reach their limits. This article shows the relevant levels of action for a human-centred AI approach as well as possible starting points for further research.
Green Factories: Maßnahmen zur Neuausrichtung/Green factories: Measures for a new direction – How the drive for enhanced sustainability is changing factory planning - part 2
Authors: Burggräf Peter , Adlon Tobias , Salzwedel Jan , Ebade Esfahani Matthias , Weiler Christian , Paßlick Felix
Published: May 2022

Zukünftig steigende CO2-Preise bedingen eine stärkere Verknüpfung ökonomischer und ökologischer Ressourceneffizienz. Einer entsprechenden Gestaltung der Produktionsstätten von Industrieunternehmen kommt daher eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Der Beitrag skizziert in zwei Teilen einen Ordnungsrahmen für Green Factories auf verschiedenen Hierarchie- und Funktionsebenen. Abschließend werden die Folgen einer zukünftig zunehmenden Relevanz der Thematik für die Fabrikplanung sowie aufgeworfene Forschungsfragen diskutiert.

Future CO2 prices on the rise require to better link economic and ecological resource efficiency. A key role plays the appropriate design of production facilities of industrial companies. In two separate parts, this paper outlines a framework for green factories at different hierarchical and functional levels. The article concludes with discussing the consequences of the increasing relevance of green factory planning and the research questions raised.
Zusagen mit Weichmachern
Authors: Genath Bernd
Published: May 2022

Die Bundesregierung, vertreten durch Robert Habecks Ministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz und Steffi Lemkes Umweltministerium, gibt Gas, was den Umbau der Energieversorgung angeht. Das schon vor dem Ukraine-Krieg angekündigte Osterpaket mit einer massiven Novellierung der verschiedenen Energiegesetze wird derzeit an die neue Lage durch weitere Bestimmungen in Richtung Versorgungssicherheit angepasst.
„Wir wollen unseren Kunden möglichst viele Optionen bieten“
Authors: Bischoff Eugen
Published: May 2022

Building Information Modeling (kurz BIM) ist die derzeit vermutlich wichtigste Methode zur Digitalisierung in der Baubranche. Die kollaborative Planungsmethode verbindet alle an der Planung und Ausführung eines Gebäudes beteiligten Gewerke und vereint mehrere Dimensionen in einem digitalen Modell – unter anderem die 3D-Geometerie, Zeit, Kosten und Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen. Der gesamte Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudes inklusive der Bewirtschaftungsphase lässt sich damit digital abbilden. Allerdings muss die Industrie in Vorleistung gehen: Denn nur BIM-fähige Produkte können bei dieser Art der ganzheitlichen Planung überhaupt berücksichtigt werden.
Korrosionsgefahr in Heizkreisläufen durch Spuren von Frostschutzmitteln
Authors: Ende Dietmar
Published: May 2022

Die meisten Probleme mit Frostschutzmitteln in Heizkreisläufen treten nicht bei deren gezieltem Einsatz auf. Die weit größere Herausforderung stellt sich in diesem Bereich meist erst dann, wenn es um Verschleppungen geringer Mengen geht. Warum dies so ist und welche Lösungen es gibt, soll in diesem Fachbeitrag aufgezeigt werden.
Toleranzrahmen bei Kostenüberschreitung
Authors: Voppel Reinhard
Published: May 2022

Immer wieder ergeben sich nach Ausführung einer Bauleistung höhere Kosten als im Vorfeld vorgesehen, insbesondere als in einer Kostenobergrenze vorgegeben. Unter welchen Umständen haftet der Planer?
COVERAGE OF ISSUES OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITIES OF KASHKADARYA REGION IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS (70-80S OF THE XX CENTURY)
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in History (PhD) Karshi State University, Uzbekistan, Naimovich Polvonov Kozimbek
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the issues of improvement of the cities of Kashkadarya region in the 70-80s of the twentieth century. In particular, on the basis of archival materials, the funds allocated for the improvement and improvement of the cities of the region, their spending, special departments for the improvement and improvement of cities, as well as achievements, problems and shortcomings in the field of improvement are highlighted documentation.
USE OF OLOPAN (OLOPATADIN 0.1%) IN ALLERGIC OPTHALMOPATHOLOGY
Authors:   Assistant, Department of ophthalmology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Mamadjanovna Egamberdiyeva Saida , Akmaljon ugli Sarvarkhon ,   Master Student, Department of ophthalmology Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Obidjonov Umidjon Akramjon ugli ,   Master Student, Department of ophthalmology, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Tokhtabayev Dilshodbek Komildjan ugli ,   Master Student, Department of ophthalmology Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2022

A statistical summary of epidemiological studies conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) over the past 10 years has noted a global increase in the incidence of allergic diseases [1,7]. According to an official statement from the World Allergy Organization (WAO), the number of total allergens has now tripled, particularly the incidence of allergic ophthalmopathologies has increased by 25% [2,4]. Immunopathogenetic basis of allergic eye diseases is the activation of histamine receptors (H) and degranulation of mast cells [5,9,12]. The main purpose of this article is to review and analyze the existing scientific literature on olopatadine hydrochloride (Olopan 0.1% eye drop ), which is a relatively new topical antiallergic drug in ophthalmological practice, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of Olopan drug by means of clinical research. According to the results of laboratory experimentations in rabbits, almost all conjunctival allergic symptoms (conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, swelling of the eyelids, redness and chemosis) caused by specific allergens (eg, histamine allergic mediator) were eliminated in a short time. [1,3,6,14]. In this type of animal research or animal experimentation, olopatadine hydrochloride solution has been shown to have both antihistamine and membrane cell stabilizer properties [8, 10,11].
CLINICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PNEUMONIA IN IMMUNE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN AT ONE – YEAR – OLD
Authors:   Assistant, Department of pediatric surgery, Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Kadirov Komiljon Zakirdjanovich
Published: May 2022

This article presents the morphofunctional state of the thymus, its absolute weight was measured and its weight index relative to the body was calculated. Area of cortex and nucleus accumbens for analysis of intra-organ structures of the thymus, index of cortex in relation to the stratum corneum, the density of lymphocytes in the conditional area of the histological specimen.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION
Authors:   2nd year doctoral student Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan, Gulmukhamedov Pulat Bakhtiyorovich , Rizaev Jasur Alimzhanovich ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences Professor Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan, Lukmonovich Khabilov Nigmon ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Hospital Orthopedic Dentistry Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan, Tukhtaboevich Boboev Kodirjon ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics Department Samarkand State Medical University, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2022

Analysis of the literature on the study of epidemiological features of maxillary malformations (cleft lip and palate) has shown their wide and widespread prevalence, having a heterogeneous nature depending on one region or another. Research in this direction is undoubtedly relevant and necessary, since it will allow the timely detection and treatment of children with maxillary malformations, which will significantly improve the quality and life expectancy of these patients, leading to their full social adaptation.
Factores relacionados con la no prevención del dengue en un distrito de Lima, Perú, 2021
Authors: Carhuamaca Avalos Angela Cecilia , Hermoza Moquillaza Rocio Victoria , Arellano Sacramento Cesar
Published: May 2022

Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad multifactorial que afecta a personas de todas las edades y produce desde fiebre leve hasta daño de órganos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con la no prevención del dengue. Métodos: El estudio fue de diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, de alcance correlacional. Se utilizó la técnica de entrevista (instrumento guía de entrevista) y muestreo no probabilístico. Fue realizado en una muestra final de 111 familias. La variable dependiente fue “Prevención del dengue”. Las variables independientes fueron diversas y se agruparon según factores “sociodemográficos”, “culturales” y “clínicos”. El instrumento (de 20 ítems) para la variable dependiente fue validado por juicio de expertos, prueba piloto y confiabilidad. Resultados: La mayoría tenía entre 18 y 49 años (68,5%; 76), fueron mujeres (64,9 %; 72), estado civil conviviente (43,2%; 48), nivel educativo secundario (46,8%; 52) y con seguro de salud SIS (54,1%; 60). El estudio encontró significancia entre realizar acciones preventivas con nivel educativo secundaria (p = 0,020), tiempo de demora en recoger el agua hasta 5 minutos (p = 0,039), tiempo de demora en recoger el agua para otras actividades hasta 5 minutos (p = 0,023), no tener disponibilidad todo el día de las fuentes de agua (p = 0,012). El modelo encontró significancia estadística con el nivel educativo superior universitario (OR ajustado: 0,11; IC95%: 0,02-0,69). Conclusión: En las personas de nivel educativo superior universitario, sus no actos de prevención de dengue disminuyen 0,11 veces respecto de tener “Primaria a menos”, ajustado por el resto de las variables.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE DESIGN OF DRILL BITS EQUIPPED WITH PDC CUTTERS
Authors:   TARAZ REGIONAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M.KH. DULATI 60 Tole bi st. Taraz, 080014, Republic of Kazakhstan, KABDUSHEV A.A. , KORGASBEKOV D.R. ,   SATPAYEV UNIVERSITY, 22 Satpaev st., off. 701, Almaty, 050043, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

The study discusses approaches to solving the problem with the «hanging» of the rock cutting tool and, as a result, improving the mechanical speed of drilling by increasing the efficiency of PDC drill bits and extending the life of their cutters. According to the results of the analysis of the destruction of PDC cutters to increase the duration of the cutters, it was revealed that most of the cutting edge of the PDC bits limits the contact of the cutter with the rock and more than half of the circumference of the cutting edge of the cutter remains unused in the process of bottomhole destruction. Two approaches to solving the problem are proposed: - the use of cone-shaped cutters in the central part of the bit or a crown-shaped design of the bit, which allows, by crushing the central part of the bit with a cone-shaped cutter, to solve the problem of “hanging” of the central part of the rock; - use of rotating PDC cutters or uniform rectangular cutters, which provide optimal location in areas of the greatest wear of the cutting structure of the bit. Here, the entire length of the cutting edge is used to cut the rock. Based on the results of the research, a PDC bit with an annular rock destruction pilot was developed (RK patent for the invention No. 34527), which solves the problem of bit “hanging” in the central part of the bottom hole, which significantly reduces the productivity of the rock. Implementation of the mentioned PDC bit improvements, i.e. improvements in the configuration of PDC cutters or their rotation during drilling, as well as developments that allow the bit to hang during drilling, will significantly increase the productivity of drilling with these rock cutting tools and the durability of their cutting tools.
GPS Measurements of Precipitable Water Vapor Can Improve Survey Calibration: A Demonstration from KPNO and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey
Authors: Wood-Vasey W. M. , Perrefort Daniel , Baker Ashley D.
Published: May 2022

Dual-band Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) measurements of precipitable water vapor (PWV) at the Kitt Peak National Observatory predict the overall per-image sensitivity of the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS). The per-image variation in the brightness of individual stars is strongly correlated with the measured PWV and the color of the star. Synthetic stellar spectra through TAPAS transmission models successfully predict the observed PWV-induced photometric variation. We find that PWV absorption can be well approximated by a linear relationship with (airmass × PWV)0.6 and present an update on the traditional treatment in the literature. The MzLS zero-point sensitivity in electrons s−1 varies with a normalized-mean absolute deviation of 61 mmag. PWV variation accounts 23 mmag of this zero-point variation. The MzLS per-image absolute sensitivity decreases by 40 mmag per effective mm of PWV. The overall gray offset portion of this variation is corrected by the calibration to a reference catalog. But the relative calibration error between blue (r − z < 0.5 mag) versus red (1.2 mag < r − z) stars increases by 0.3–2 mmag per effective mm of PWV. We argue that GPS systems provide more precise PWV measurements than using differential measurements of stars of different colors and recommend that observatories install dual-band GPS as a low-maintenance, low-cost, auxiliary calibration system. We extend our results of the need for well-calibrated PWV measurements by presenting the calculations of the PWV photometric impact on three science cases of interest: stellar photometry, supernova cosmology, and quasar identification and variability.
The Impact and Mechanism of the Magnetic Inclination Angle on O+ Escape from Mars
Authors: Li Shibang , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Mazelle Christian , Cui Jun , Rong Zhaojin , Wild James A. , Yu Yiqun , Li Xing , Li Yun , Li Guokan
Published: May 2022

Ion escape from the atmosphere to space is one of the most likely reasons to account for the evolution of the Martian climate. Based on three-dimensional multifluid magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigated the impact of the magnetic inclination angle on O+ escape at low altitudes of 275–1000 km under the typical solar wind conditions. Numerical results showed that an outward ion velocity in the direction opposite to the electromagnetic (EM) force results in weak outward flux and leads to ions becoming trapped by the horizontal magnetic field lines at the local horizontal magnetic equator. Much of the EM force can be attributed to the Hall electric force. In the region of high absolute magnetic inclination angle, the outward ion velocity has the same direction as the EM force, which increases the outward flux and causes ions to diffuse upward along open magnetic field lines to higher altitude. In addition, the EM force is mainly provided by the electron pressure gradient force and the motional electric force. Global results for the magnetic inclination angle indicate that the strong crustal field regions in the southern hemisphere are mainly occupied by magnetic field lines with high absolute magnetic inclination angle, while horizontal field lines are dominant in the northern hemisphere, which leads to a higher O+ escape rate in the Martian southern hemisphere than in the northern, from altitudes of 275 to 1000 km. This is a significant advance in understanding the impact and mechanism of the Martian magnetic field directions on ion escape.
A molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of Greek Aegean Island sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Pavlou Christoforos , Dokianakis Emmanouil , Tsirigotakis Nikolaos , Christodoulou Vasiliki , Özbel Yusuf , Antoniou Maria , Poulakakis Nikos
Published: May 2022

The genus Phlebotomus (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) comprises a group of small winged insect species of medical importance. To date, ten species of Phlebotomus are known to be present in Greece; yet their evolutionary history is poorly studied due to the lack of comprehensive phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Herein, we aim to clarify the phylogenetic relationships amongst the local species collected from 12 Aegean Islands, Cyprus and Turkey; and to identify which of the palaeogeographic events may have influenced their biogeographic history. Our analyses revealed for the first time the presence of P. cf. major and P. sergenti in the Aegean Islands. All studied local species were retrieved as monophyletic and the mtDNA and nDNA phylogenetic trees indicated a plausible mitochondrial introgression between the closely related species of the P. major complex. From a palaeogeographic viewpoint, the major driving force that shaped the biogeographic history of the studied Phlebotomus species seems to be the dispersal that started in the Oligocene epoch, followed by several speciation events that occurred at the end of Miocene and the Plio-Pleistocene, including multiple dispersal events of Asiatic origin. The Messinian Salinity Crisis, the bimodal Mediterranean climate, and the glacial and interglacial periods were identified as key drivers for the diversification of the local species of Phlebotomus.
Du droit contre la guerre à la guerre contre le droit : le lawfare , entre négation et critique du droit international
Authors: Ancelin Julien
Published: May 2022

Résumé Le lawfare peut être envisagé comme un élément de discours sur le droit international. Alors que ce dernier a été développé au service de la paix dans le consensus de 1945, le lawfare tend à en faire un moyen de la conflictualité. Considérer l’instrument juridique comme un élément de l’équation politique internationale au même titre que d’autres intérêts (économiques, sociaux, culturels ou philosophiques) peut ne pas sembler très novateur. En effet, lorsqu’un acteur étatique poursuit une stratégie de lawfare , cette dernière peut apparaître comme l’illustration d’une forme de politique juridique extérieure. Toutefois l’utilisation de cet outil théorique contemporain façonné outre-Atlantique n’est pas neutre et ses effets apparaissent imprévisibles. Si pratiquer le lawfare pour un État permet d’habiller la critique d’une règle qui été prétendument dévoyée par un adversaire et de tenter de se défaire de son application, cette stratégie n’est pas sans risques pour la société de droit créée depuis la fin de Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le lawfare entretient un discours négateur de la norme, qui en affaiblit le contenu et qui réduit, avec plus ou moins de gravité, la sécurité juridique opérant dans l’intérêt de tous les acteurs de la société internationale.
Lawfare : critique d'un concept défaillant
Authors: Schu Adrien
Published: May 2022

Résumé Le terme de lawfare , l’un des concepts à la mode issus de la littérature sur les transformations de la guerre, a été développé pour rendre compte de différentes formes d’exploitation du droit par des acteurs, étatiques ou non, dans le cadre de conflits, armés ou non. Il relève d’un exercice de formation conceptuelle par lequel un label est apposé sur un phénomène social nouvellement identifié. Partant du principe qu’il convient de prendre au sérieux la formation des concepts et les concepts eux-mêmes, cette contribution entend souligner les nombreuses lacunes dont souffre le concept de lawfare , ainsi que le manque flagrant de rigueur qui a accompagné son élaboration. Nous montrerons que le concept de lawfare souffre notamment d’un grave problème en termes de différenciation, alors que ses promoteurs n’expliquent pas en quoi la pratique du droit qu’ils se proposent de rendre sous ce label se distingue de la pratique usuelle du droit.
Falü zhan : la « guerre du droit », une version chinoise du lawfare ?
Authors: Monteiro Da Silva Carine
Published: May 2022

Résumé Pour nuancer les comparaisons entre le néologisme lawfare, popularisé par le militaire américain Charles J. Dunlap Jr., et la « guerre du droit » ( ), concept introduit en Chine en 2003, cet article puise dans la littérature sinophone pour souligner les distinctions qu’il faut faire entre ces deux notions. Contrairement au lawfare, la guerre du droit est un élément de doctrine, adopté avec la révision du Règlement sur le travail politique de l’Armée populaire de libération. Il s’inscrit dans un cadre stratégique qui lui donne du sens, celui des « Trois guerres » avec les « guerre de l’opinion publique » et « guerre psychologique », et plus largement s’entend comme une méthode de « guerre politique », héritage des pensées révolutionnaires d’origine marxiste.
Gestion territoriale participative au Québec : écologisation des normes et des pratiques
Authors: Jakob Fabien
Published: May 2022

Par le prisme d’une sociologie de la justification (Boltanski et Thévenot, 1991), cette contribution entend révéler une manière particulière de qualifier le monde à laquelle les individus et les groupes sociaux ont recours pour faire valoir des qualités lorsqu’ils s’essaient à (re)formuler le sens de l’intérêt général. En l’occurrence, la révision participative et délibérative du Schéma d’aménagement de développement de Québec mobilise non seulement les préceptes du développement durable mais détermine encore une forme d’écologisation des normes et pratiques en matière de gestion territoriale.
Multi-leader-follower group consensus of stochastic time-delay multi-agent systems subject to Markov switching topology
Authors: Guo Tong , Han Jing , Zhou Cancan , Zhou Jianping
Published: May 2022

The multi-leader-follower group consensus issue of a class of stochastic time-delay multi-agent systems subject to Markov switching topology is investigated. The purpose is to determine a distributed control protocol to make sure that the followers' states converge in mean square to a convex hull generated by the leaders' states. Through a model transformation, the problem is transformed into a mean-square stability issue of a new system. Then, an easy-to-check sufficient condition for the solvability of the multi-leader-follower group consensus issue is proposed by utilizing the Lyapunov stability theory, graph theory, as well as several inequality techniques. It is shown that the required feedback gain can be acquired once the condition is satisfied. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the control protocol.
Survival prediction model for right-censored data based on improved composite quantile regression neural network
Authors: Qin Xiwen , Yin Dongmei , Dong Xiaogang , Chen Dongxue , Zhang Shuang
Published: May 2022

With the development of the field of survival analysis, statistical inference of right-censored data is of great importance for the study of medical diagnosis. In this study, a right-censored data survival prediction model based on an improved composite quantile regression neural network framework, called rcICQRNN, is proposed. It incorporates composite quantile regression with the loss function of a multi-hidden layer feedforward neural network, combined with an inverse probability weighting method for survival prediction. Meanwhile, the hyperparameters involved in the neural network are adjusted using the WOA algorithm, integer encoding and One-Hot encoding are implemented to encode the classification features, and the BWOA variable selection method for high-dimensional data is proposed. The rcICQRNN algorithm was tested on a simulated dataset and two real breast cancer datasets, and the performance of the model was evaluated by three evaluation metrics. The results show that the rcICQRNN-5 model is more suitable for analyzing simulated datasets. The One-Hot encoding of the WOA-rcICQRNN-30 model is more applicable to the NKI70 data. The model results are optimal for $ k = 15 $ after feature selection for the METABRIC dataset. Finally, we implemented the method for cross-dataset validation. On the whole, the Cindex results using One-Hot encoding data are more stable, making the proposed rcICQRNN prediction model flexible enough to assist in medical decision making. It has practical applications in areas such as biomedicine, insurance actuarial and financial economics.
On the local and global existence of the Hall equations with fractional Laplacian and related equations
Authors: Bae Hantaek
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we deal with the Hall equations with fractional Laplacian

   \begin{document}$ B_{t}+{\rm{curl}} \left(({\rm{curl}} \;B)\times B\right)+\Lambda B = 0. $\end{document}

We begin to prove the existence of unique global in time solutions with sufficiently small initial data in \begin{document}$ H^{k} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ k>\frac{5}{2} $\end{document}. By correcting \begin{document}$ \Lambda B $\end{document} logarithmically, we then show the existence of unique local in time solutions. We also deal with the two dimensional systems closely related to the \begin{document}$ 2\frac{1}{2} $\end{document} dimensional version of the above Hall equations. In this case, we show the existence of unique local and global in time solutions depending on whether the damping term is present or not.
Estado, industria azucarera y conflicto social en Tucumán durante el segundo gobierno radical (1922-28)
Authors: Santamaría Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Tras describir la situación de la mano de obra en las industrias azucareras, se analizan los conflictos sociales provocados por la legislación del gobierno radical, de carácter populista, que provocó la oposición patronal y el surgimiento de un incipiente movimiento obrero, así como el papel del Estado Nacional, que actuó como conciliador de clases mediante el arbitraje.
Apocaliptica española y empresa misional en los primeros franciscanos de México
Authors: Sala Catalá José , Vilchis Reyes Jaime
Published: May 2022

Se intenta caracterizar y contextualizar el pensamiento apocalíptico castellano de las primeras décadas del siglo XVI, así como su reelaboración en México por los primeros misioneros franciscanos. En particular se estudia el uso de la profecía en los conocidos Memoriales de fray Toribio Motolinía.
La influencia económica y política de las acllacuna en el Incanato
Authors: Alberti Manzanares Pilar
Published: May 2022

Se analiza la institución de las "acllacuna", tras hacer una tipología de los vestidos y tejidos incaicos y establecer las funciones desempeñadas por el tejido en los contextos políticos y religiosos del Estado inca. Se apunta que las aclla eran tejedoras especializadas, utilizadas por los incas para establecer lazos de parentesco con etnias rebeldes mediante matrimonios concertados, difundir la ideología estatal cuzqueña y fomentar la economía redistributiva del Estado incaico a través de regalos de tejidos finos, de gran valor ritual en el mundo andino.
Un aspecto de la rivalidad luso-castellana por el dominio del Atlántico: problemática en torno a la concesión de las Canarias mayores por el Rey Enrique IV de Castilla a los condes de Atouguía y Vila Real, vasallos de Portugal
Authors: Rumeu de Armas Antonio
Published: May 2022

Se fija en los años 1464 y 1468 la concesión y revocación de la soberanía de Canarias por el rey de Castilla Enrique IV a los portugueses condes de Atouguía y Vila Real. Esta determinación es de capital importancia porque altera profundamente el panorama de las relaciones castellano-lusas en el Océano Atlántico.
Los ultraconservadores americanos en las Cortes de-Cádiz (1810-1814)
Authors: Berruezo León María Teresa
Published: May 2022

Se ofrece el estudio sociobiográfico e ideológico de este sector minoritario, insistiendo en la relevancia de su procedencia geográfica y diseccionando pormenorizadamente sus escasas intervenciones públicas. Los diferentes intereses regionales se manifestaron en sus propuestas y, a pesar de que predominó entre ellos la defensa de opciones liberales, hubo un núcleo que apostó por la perpetuación del absolutismo metropolitano.
España y los orígenes de la abolición de la esclavitud (finales del siglo XVIII comienzos del XIX)
Authors: Moreno García Julia
Published: May 2022

Desde los últimos años del siglo XVIII empiezan a surgir las primeras voces contra la trata en Gran Bretaña, Francia y Estados Unidos. Tras la consecución de la abolición de la trata el siguiente paso será la abolición de la esclavitud. España se va a ver inmersa a fines del siglo XVIII y comienzos del XIX en esta discusión y mientras en aquellos países se abole la trata, España la mantendrá en Cuba y Puerto Rico, así como la esclavitud durante todo el siglo XIX con muy pocas voces abolicionistas.
El azogue en las postrimerías del Perú colonial
Authors: Fuentes Bajo María Dolores
Published: May 2022

Examen de las medidas adoptadas por la administración española para asegurar el abastecimiento de mercurio a las explotaciones mineras peruanas. Entre los años 1790 y 1815 aproximadamente, en función de la coyuntura nacional e internacional se recurrió a tres soluciones para canalizar la provisión de azogue: reactivación de Huancavelica, importación y almacenamiento a gran escala de mercurio de Almadén y recurso a otras fuentes (Idria). De ellas, el análisis se centra en la primera, explicando las alternativas en la gestión de la mina y las innovaciones tecnológicas que se trataron de implantar. También se describen los problemas referentes al precio y distribución del azogue.
Teoría y prácticas urbanísticas en Europa entre 1850 y 1930. Su traslado a América Latina
Authors: Hardoy Jorge E.
Published: May 2022

El autor plantea la influencia teórica y práctica del urbanismo europeo en América Latina durante ese períqdo. Partiendo de las características más importantes de la obra de Cerdá, Haussmann y Le Corbusier, entre otros, se estudia su repercusión en los cambios experimentados por las ciudades latinoamericanas, progresivamente necesitadas de una planificación.
El madrileño Felipe de Cáceres, gobernador del Paraguay
Authors: Ezquerra Abadia Ramón
Published: May 2022

Es una reconstrucción biográfica del madrilefio Felipe de Cáceres, que participó en casi todos los hechos de la primitiva conquista del Río de la Plata y del Paraguay, donde llegó a ser gobernador y fue derribado por el obispo por una falsa acusación de herejía. Intrigante y ambicioso, es figura representati·va de la colectividad de los conquistadores del Paraguay, país de especiales características en su colonización.
Las expediciones científicas del setecientos y la nueva relación del científico en el Estado
Authors: Lafuente Antonio
Published: May 2022

Las expediciones científicas contribuyeron decisivamente a la transformación de las relaciones entre el hombre de ciencia y el Estado. Así, el anterior savant asume roles que refuerzan su vinculación con el poder político y que, al mismo tiempo, le acercan a posiciones más próximas a nuestra visión actual del científico.
Las expediciones ilustradas y el Estado español
Authors: Del Pino Fermín , Guirao Angel
Published: May 2022

Tras analizar las tipologías de las expediciones ilustradas ofrecidas hasta ahora, generalmente basadas en la disciplina principal cultivada, se propone otra basada en su relación con el Estado. Esto permite describir una larga lista de ellas en un orden temporal que parece sujetarse menos convencionalmente a la realidad histórica. De esta tipología y descripción realista se sacan algunas consecuencias provisionales de significado más universal, que permiten una comparación e identificación más idónea por relación con las expediciones europeas contemporáneas.
La honra nacional en las expediciones de Cook y Malaspina: una visión antropológica
Authors: Monge Martínez Fernando
Published: May 2022

Sobre la base de resaltar la vivencia ilustrada de una competencia internacional por la ciencia, se aplica el esquema de Marcel Mauss para las sociedades del Pacífico (Columbia Británica y Polinesia) a las expediciones de Cook y Malaspina. De este modo, destaca la interrelación que Cook estableció con otros viajeros europeos contemporáneos en términos de prestigio nacional y personal, y la sentida por Malaspina hacia el propio Cook.
El impacto de la presencia europea en La Navidad (La Española)
Authors: Deagan Katleen
Published: May 2022

Varios años de excavaciones en el norte de Haití (1982-87) han permitido localizar e identificar La Navidad y la aldea del cacique Guacanacaric, que ayudó a Colón en 1492. El yacimiento de En Bas Saline es el emplazamiento del lugar taíno de aquel cacique y de La Navidad colombina, ofreciendo datos bien documentados sobre las ocupaciones anterior y posterior a la presencia europea.