bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased Expression of Cav-1 Is Associated with Compromised Endometrial Angiogenesis during the Implantation Window in PCOS Rats: A Prospective Randomized Laboratory-Based Study
Authors: Xu Huayun , Wang Guozeng
Published: January 2024

Background: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to regulate angiogenesis. However, little is known about Cav-1’s role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aims to investigate Cav-1’s expression in the endometrium of PCOS rats during the implantation window and its association with endometrial angiogenesis. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control and PCOS groups. The rats in the PCOS group mated after ovulation induction, while the rats in the control group mated during the estrus period. On the 2nd and 5th days of pregnancy, the rats were sacrificed, and the endometrium was isolated from their uteruses. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CD34 was used to evaluate the endometrial micro-vessel density (MVD). The expression of Cav-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the endometrium of both groups was assessed through IHC staining and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: IHC analysis of endometrium tissue sections showed reduced MVD in PCOS rats on both the 2nd and 5th days of pregnancy. The endometrial expression of Cav-1 and VEGF were also significantly downregulated in the PCOS group compared to the control group during the implantation window. Interestingly, the endometrial expression of Cav-1 was positively correlated with MVD and VEGF. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the decreased endometrial angiogenesis in PCOS rats during implantation window. This decrease was linked to decreased Cav-1 expression, suggesting Cav-1 is a potential therapeutic target for PCOS patients.
IRS1 rs1801278 Polymorphism and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A System Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Song Han , Wang Ao , Yi Ke
Published: January 2024

Background: The association between the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) rs1801278 polymorphism and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial based on existing published data. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential correlation between the IRS1 rs1801278 polymorphism and GDM risk. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by conducting comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Chinese Biomedicine databases. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using appropriate fixed-effects or random-effects models to evaluate the relationship between IRS1 rs1801278 polymorphism and the risk of GDM. Results: A total of nine studies were included in this meta-analysis, and the pooled analysis indicated no significant association between IRS1 rs1801278 and the risk of GDM. Heterogeneity among the studies was detected, and a Galbraith plot analysis was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity. It was revealed that one study was responsible for the heterogeneity. After excluding this study, the heterogeneity decreased significantly. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis reveals that IRS1 rs1801278 polymorphism may not be correlated with GDM risk. The study was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), registrationnumber: CRD42023460095.
The Effect of Rosa Foetida Extract along with Self-Care Education on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shabani Fatemeh , Omidvar Shabnam , Sajadi Kaboudi Parvin , Pasha Hajar , Khafri Soraya , Najafzadehvarzi Hossein , Nasiri-Amiri Fatemeh , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Bouzari Zinatossadat
Published: January 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea is among the most common conditions among young women. Herbal medicine is one of the alternative ways to treat dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Rosa Foetida extract along with self-care behaviors on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 135 students residing in dormitories. The subjects were aged 18 to 24 years and unmarried. They divided into three groups of 45. The students received self-care behavior training on dysmenorrhea. After the training, two of the three groups received medications; one with Rosa Foetida extract and another with placebo capsules. The physical appearance of the capsules was similar. The third group received no medication. Data were collected through questionnaires including demographic characteristics questionnaire, a visual analogue scale (VAS), menstrual distress scale questionnaire (MDQ), dysmenorrhea self-care behaviors scale questionnaire (DSCS), and Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC). Repeated measurement of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to determine and compare the effects of interventions on menstrual pain and distress severity. Results: Comparison of the mean pain intensity before and after intervention implied a reduction in pain; especially in the Rosa Foetida extract group (p < 0.001). Menstrual distress also showed reduction which was greater in the case of the Rosa Foetida group. In addition to those, the reduction of menstrual bleeding was statistically significant in the Rosa Foetida group (p = 0.041). Conclusions: The results showed Rosa Foetida extract prescription, along with self-care behavior education did not have a positive effect on primary dysmenorrhea; however, it was seen to be effective on reducing menstrual distress. Clinical Trial Registration: the study was registered at https://www.irct.ir (registration number IRCT20190318043086N1).
Perceptions of Stress Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic among Slovenian Pregnant Women: Results from an Online Survey Using the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS)
Authors: Gaber Ema , Jug Došler Anita , Mivšek Ana Polona
Published: January 2024

Background: Pregnant women are said to have higher stress levels than non-pregnant women, but as non US studies have shown, stress increased during the pandemic due to the unique circumstances of unpredictability, fear of infection, limited access to health services, and financial uncertainty. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of stress associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among pregnant women in Slovenia and to determine in which areas they experienced the greatest stress. Methods: A descriptive and causal non-experimental method of empirical research was used. The research approach was based on quantitative research, and a validated questionnaire—Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) was used as the research instrument. Eleven hundred and four pregnant women participated in the study. Results: We found that more than one-third of the participants experienced high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data demonstrated that those who were pregnant for the first time, had a high-risk pregnancy, experienced income loss, and were in their second or third trimester had higher levels of stress. The highest stress level was reported due to concern about infection. More specifically, 54.4% of pregnant women experienced high levels of stress related to fear of infection and in 47% high stress levels were related to fear with regard to childbirth. Conclusions: Respondents reported a range of mild to severe stress. They worried about the baby, about the need for isolation during labor and delivery, and about losing their social network in the postpartum period. It is important to know that stress during pregnancy also affects the fetus. We suggest that it would be useful to screen pregnant women for stress, with PREPS being used for this purpose. All women with high stress levels should be offered interventions, e.g., online stress reduction counselling.
Novel Signaling Pathway and NSC689534 as a Potential Drug Candidate for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Miao Ying , Shen Cheng , Zhang Xin , Li Qi-Qi , Pang A-Ying , Zhao Wen-Min , Wu Xiao-Yan , Qian Hong-Yan , Chen Xiao-Dong
Published: January 2024

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy of the skin, and its incidence is increasing annually. Once cSCC becomes metastatic, its associated mortality rate is much higher than that of cSCC in situ. However, the current treatments for progressive cSCC have several limitations. The aim of this study was to suggest a potential compound for future research that may benefit patients with cSCC. Methods: In this study, we screened the following differentially expressed genes from the Gene Expression Omnibus database: GSE42677, GSE45164, GSE66359, and GSE98767. Using strategies such as protein-protein interaction network analysis and the CYTOSCAPE plugin MCODE, key modules were identified and then verified by Western blotting. Subsequently, related signalling pathways were constituted in the SIGNOR database. Finally, molecular docking analyses and cell viability assay were used to identify a potential candidate drug and verify its growth inhibition ability to A431 cell line. Results: Fifty-one common differentially expressed genes were screened and two key modules were identified. Among them, three core genes were extracted, constituting two signalling pathways, both of which belong to the module associated with mitotic spindles and cell division. A pathway involving CDK1, the TPX2-KIF11 complex, and spindle organization was validated in a series of analyses, including analyses for overall survival, genetic alteration, and molecular structure. Molecular docking analyses identified the pyridine 2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (NSC689534), which interacts with TPX2 and KIF11, as a potential candidate for the treatment of cSCC. Conclusions: NSC689534 might be a candidate drug for cSCC targeting TPX2 and KIF11, which are hub genes in cSCC.
Levodopa Improves Behavioral Deficits of Mice with Parkinson's Disease Symptoms via Curbing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhancing Tyrosine Hydroxylase Levels in the Striatum and Substantia Nigra
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Zhao , Yang Weihua , Fu Yuejun
Published: January 2024

Objective: Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of its action is not entirely learned. This study aims to probe the action of L-DOPA on NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN) of mice with PD symptoms. Methods: PD was simulated by administering 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 25 mg/kg/d) to induce mice, followed by L-DOPA (8 mg/kg/d) treatment. The behavioral performance of the mice was assessed using the pole test, balance beam, and rotarod test. After euthanasia with 120 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, STR and SN were collected for evaluation of protein level of TH, NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC and Cleaved caspase-1 using Western blot and mRNA levels of TH, inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Treatment with L-DOPA significantly ameliorated the behavioral deficits caused by MPTP in mice with PD symptoms. L-DOPA administration resulted in reduced levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (caspase recruitment domain) (ASC), NLRP3, and Cleaved caspase-1 protein levels, and decreased mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the STR and SN. L-DOPA increased the TH mRNA and TH protein levels, while suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the STR and SN of mice with PD symptoms. Conclusions: L-DOPA improves the behavioral deficits in mice with PD symptoms possibly by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increasing TH levels in the STR and SN TH levels. These findings provide further perceptions into the property of L-DOPA in PD.
Association between MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphisms and the Efficacy of Vitamin Therapy in lowering Homocysteine Levels among Stroke Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Li Zhi-Can , Huang Min , Yao Qing-Yang , Lin Cai-Hong , Hong Bing-Cong , Wang Jie-Hua , Zhang Zedan
Published: January 2024

Background: The impact of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation on the relationship between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and stroke has been extensively studied and documented in previous study. However, it remains unclear whether the MTHFR C677T mutation can affect the response to Hcy lowering treatment in stroke patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Understanding the impact of genetic factors on treatment response can help optimize personalized treatment strategies for stroke patients with HHcy. We aimed to investigate the potential association between the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms and the effectiveness of Hcy lowering treatment using vitamin therapy in stroke patients with HHcy. Methods: The MTHFR C677T genotype polymorphisms were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the distribution of three genotypes in the MTHFR C677T gene locus was compared. The treatment effects of Hcy lowering agents were compared among patients with different genotypes. Results: Among the 320 stroke patients enrolled in the study, 258 (80.6%) were diagnosed with HHcy. Of these, 162 patients (Effective Group) responded well to the clinical Hcy lowering treatment, while 96 patients (Invalid Group) failed to achieve sufficient response even after taking combination supplements of folic acid, Vitamin B6, and methylcobalamin for one month. Significant differences were observed in terms of age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.034), dyslipidemia (p = 0.022), hyperuricemia (p = 0.013) and genotype distribution of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism (p < 0.001) between the Invalid group and the Effective group. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the T allele (odd rations [OR], 1.327; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.114–1.580; p = 0.0015) was independently associated with an insufficient Hcy lowering treatment effect. Additionally, the TT genotype was independently associated with insufficient response in both the codominant model (OR, 1.645; 95% CI, 1.093–2.476; p = 0.017) and the recessive model (TT versus CC + CT; OR, 1.529; 95% CI, 1.145–2.042; p = 0.004). However, no relationship was observed between CT + TT genotypes and poor treatment effect in the dominate model. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T polymorphism were independently associated with an insufficient Hcy lowering treatment effect in stroke patients with HHcy.
Epigenetics of Ageing and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Colită Cezar-Ivan , Udristoiu Ion , Ancuta Diana-Larisa , Hermann Dirk M , Colita Daniela , Colita Eugen , Glavan Daniela , Popa-Wagner Aurel
Published: January 2024

Both classic epigenetic modifications and microRNAs can impact a range of bodily processes, from metabolism to brain function, and may contribute to the development of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Numerous studies suggest a connection between epigenetic changes and mood disorders. In this study, we performed a comprehensive search using PubMed and Google for the terms “epigenetics”, “ageing”, “miRNA”, “schizophrenia”, and “mood disorders” in the titles and abstracts of articles. Epigenetic changes during early life may play a crucial role in triggering severe mental disorders and shaping their clinical trajectory. Although these alterations can take place at any age, their impact may not be immediately evident or observable until later in life. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in the ageing process and challenge the prevailing belief that mutations are the primary driver of ageing. However, it is plausible that these epigenetic changes are a consequence of the disorder rather than its root cause. Moreover, both the disorder and the epigenetic alterations may be influenced by shared environmental or genetic factors. In the near future, we might be able to replace chronological age with biological age, based on the epigenetic clock, with the promise of providing greater therapeutic benefits. A wide range of epigenetic drugs are currently under development at various stages. Although their full effectiveness is yet to be realized, they show great potential in the treatment of cancer, psychiatric disorders, and other complex diseases.
Recent Progresses in the Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Han , Xie Kewei , Qian Yingying , Zou Zhiguo , Jiang Meng , Pu Jun
Published: January 2024

Myocardial fibrosis, a common pathophysiological consequence of various cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by fibroblast activation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen. Accumulating evidence indicates that myocardial fibrosis contributes to ventricular stiffness, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and ultimately leads to the development of heart failure (HF). Early detection and targeted treatment of myocardial fibrosis is critical to reverse ventricular remodeling and improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, despite considerable progresses made in understanding molecular mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis, non-invasive imaging to assess myocardial fibrosis and guide clinical treatment is still not widely available, limiting the development of innovative treatment strategies. This review summarizes recent progresses of imaging modalities for detecting myocardial fibrosis, with a focus on nuclear medicine, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).
Iron Dysregulation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wang Hui , Huang Zhongmin , Du Chenyan , Dong Mingqing
Published: January 2024

Iron metabolism plays a crucial role in various physiological functions of the human body, as it is essential for the growth and development of almost all organisms. Dysregulated iron metabolism—manifested either as iron deficiency or overload—is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent programed cell death, may also contribute to CVD development. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in CVD is important for improving disease management. By integrating different perspectives and expertise in the field of CVD-related iron metabolism, this overview provides insights into iron metabolism and CVD, along with approaches for diagnosing, treating, and preventing CVD associated with iron dysregulation.
Mapping Atrial Fibrillation Drivers
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihide
Published: January 2024

Understanding the initiating role of pulmonary veins in atrial fibrillation (AF) has led to the development of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The efficacy of PVI is high for paroxysmal AF, whereas it is limited for non-paroxysmal AF. This fact highlights the necessity of understanding the mechanism through which AF is maintained, to develop ablation strategies that would be required in addition to the PVI. Mapping AF in animal models and humans has led to the identification of focal or rotational drivers. New technologies have been developed to identify those AF drivers and are used as a guide for catheter ablation. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding AF drivers and the various mapping approaches used to identify them.
Central and Peripheral Circulation Differ during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Saemann Lars , Zubarevich Alina , Wenzel Folker , Soethoff Jasmin , Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Hoorn Fabio , Karck Matthias , Simm Andreas , Szabó Gábor , Veres Gábor
Published: January 2024

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is an alternative to on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). During OPCAB, the temporary use of an intracoronary shunt and inotropic medication or catecholamines should keep the central hemodynamics constant. Nevertheless, the need for conversion to on-pump CABG often occurs unexpectedly, most likely due to circulation instability. Circulation instability can appear first in peripheral body parts; therefore, peripheral microcirculation might serve as a predictor for the upcoming conversion to on-pump CABG. We investigated the impact of coronary artery ligation and shunt insertion during OPCAB on cutaneous microcirculation (cLDP) with Laser Doppler Perfusion Technology and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcpO2). Methods: In a pig model of OPCAB, peripheral circulation was evaluated after cLDP (N = 17) and tcpO2 (N = 6) monitoring. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were also observed to prove the independence of perfusion measurement results from hemodynamic parameters. Results: Ligation time during cLDP and tcpO2 monitoring were 101 ± 49 s and 83 ± 33 s, respectively. Shunt time was 11 ± 3 min during cLDP and 13 ± 2 min during tcpO2 measurement. Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) reduced cLDP significantly to 88 ± 14% (p = 0.007) and tcpO2 to 71 ± 25% (p = 0.038). Inserting a temporary shunt into the LAD significantly improved cLDP (p = 0.006) and tcpO2 (p = 0.015) compared to ligation. cLDP was restored to 99%, and tcpO2 was restored to 91% of the baseline level before ligation. All hemodynamic parameters remained stable and did not change significantly during OPCAB. Conclusions: Although hemodynamic parameters stayed constant, peripheral microcirculation was influenced markedly during OPCAB. Inserting a temporary shut into the LAD leads to a complete normalization of peripheral microcirculation, regarding evaluation by cLDP and tcpO2.
Artificial Intelligence in the Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Moyang , Zhang Erli , Wu Yongjian
Published: January 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical management of aortic stenosis (AS) has redefined our approach to the assessment and management of this heterogenous valvular heart disease (VHD). While the large-scale early detection of valvular conditions is limited by socioeconomic constraints, AI offers a cost-effective alternative solution for screening by utilizing conventional tools, including electrocardiograms and community-level auscultations, thereby facilitating early detection, prevention, and treatment of AS. Furthermore, AI sheds light on the varied nature of AS, once considered a uniform condition, allowing for more nuanced, data-driven risk assessments and treatment plans. This presents an opportunity to re-evaluate the complexity of AS and to refine treatment using data-driven risk stratification beyond traditional guidelines. AI can be used to support treatment decisions including device selection, procedural techniques, and follow-up surveillance of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in a reproducible manner. While recognizing notable AI achievements, it is important to remember that AI applications in AS still require collaboration with human expertise due to potential limitations such as its susceptibility to bias, and the critical nature of healthcare. This synergy underpins our optimistic view of AI’s promising role in the AS clinical pathway.
Debiasing through Law and the First Amendment
Authors: Jolls Christine
Published: January 2024

Law often compels the disclosure of information in particular—and, increasingly today, in visual—forms. Some judges conclude that such modern disclosure requirements break with the First Amendment interest in ensuring that consumers are “well informed.” This article brings an empirically dedicated perspective to such judicial analyses and provides a specific delineation—for three existing legally required visual communications—of data and tools that facilitate evidence-based assessment of the degree to which consumer perceptions are factually ac-curate in the presence versus the absence of such legally required visual communications.
Cognitive control is task specific: Further evidence against the idea of domain-general conflict adaptation
Authors: Zhu Daxun , Wang Xiangpeng , Zhao Enwei , Nozari Nazbanou , Notebaert Wim , Braem Senne
Published: January 2024

Adaptive control refers to flexible adjustments in control settings in response to conflicting situations. There has been a long-standing debate as to whether this adaptation relies on a domain-general or domain-specific process. Recent models predict a U-shaped relation where only highly similar or highly dissimilar tasks show adaptation across tasks, because only those tasks can be represented or activated in parallel. While there has been an abundance of evidence for adaptation within and across highly similar tasks, only some recent studies have reported adaptation across highly dissimilar tasks, with some failures to replicate. In order to further investigate this, we interleaved two very different conflict tasks, a manual multi-source interference task and a vocal picture-word interference task. We ran this experiment in Dutch (Experiment 1) and Mandarin (Experiment 2). Across the two experiments, results show no cross-task conflict adaptation. These results do not fit with suggestion of domain-general adaptive processes nor with the hypothesis of a U-shaped model. Instead, our results are most compatible with a task-specific view on the mechanisms behind adaptive control.
Variation in hematological, biochemical parameters and physiological adaptation of cockerel strains to transportation density in a hot tropical environment
Authors:   Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P.M.B. 284, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria., Ayoola M. O. , Oguntunji A. O. ,   Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P.M.B. 284, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria., Babalola A. T. ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

One hundred and eight 8 weeks old Harco (black) and Nera (white) cockerel strains were randomly allotted in 2 x 3 factorial design experiment to investigate the response of cockerel strains transported at different densities in hot humid ecological zone of Nigeria. Birds were transported in two ventilated wooden cages with a motorbike on a rough road at 30 km/hr for 2 hours at three densities [Low density (LD) = 0.86 m2, Medium density (MD) = 0.64 m2, and High density (HD) = 0.48 m2] and each replicated three times. Blood samples were collected pre and post transportation. Physiological indices {respiratory rate (RR), panting rate (PR), skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperature (RT)} were measured post-transportation. There was (p<0.05) difference in strain x density interaction on blood parameters except in red blood cell (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV). The RBC, Heamoglobin (Hb), and PCV values reduced slightly with transportation density for both strains {LD > MD > HD}. Total white blood cell (WBC), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartarte amino transferase (AST), total protein (TP), and glucose had (p<0.05) strain x density interaction. Variance analysis revealed (p<0.05) effect of strain, density, and strain-density interaction on physiological indices post transportation. Values increased with density in this order {HD > MD > LD}. Harco strain had higher values as compared to white strain birds. In conclusion, this study showed that transportation and density affected both strains of birds. White strain birds are relatively resistance to transportation stress as compared to Harco strain.
Effect of seasons on physiological responses, milk production and composition in Indigenous cows
Authors:   Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal – 132001., Maurya Sabhyata , Singh Mahendra ,   Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal – 132001., Aggarwal Anjali ,   Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal – 132001., Sharma Rajan ,   Dairy Chemistry division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-HR India.
Published: January 2024

The present investigation was carried out to find the effect of seasons on milk production and composition in indigenous Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir cows maintained under the intensive management practices at the institute livestock farm. Fifteen lactating cows of Tharparkar (TP), Sahiwal (SW) and Gir breed were selected in early lactation. The experiment was conducted for a period of 10 months and the seasons were categorized as hot-humid, hot-dry, autumn and winter season. Blood and milk samples collected at fortnightly intervals were analysed for minerals and plasma hormones. Physiological responses-respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR) and rectal temperatures (RT) were recorded. The results showed that the milk fat, solid not fat SNF and urea levels were higher in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir cows (p<0.01), however, protein % was lower (p<0.01) in TP cows. Milk Mg, Ca and Na levels were lower in hot-humid season than in winter season (p<0.05) in TP cows in comparison to SW and Gir. Plasma cortisol level was higher and aldosterone level was lower in hot-humid and hot-dry season in all the breeds of cows (p<0.05) than the values observed in winter season. TP cows were found to have higher aldosterone level as compared to SW and Gir cows in all the seasons. The cows response to ambient temperature in terms of RR, RT and PR was higher in hot-humid season and lowest in winter season (p< 0.01) in all the breeds, however changes in RT were of less magnitude in TP cows than SW and Gir cows in hot-hot humid season. It was concluded that TP cows have higher plasma aldosterone, milk urea and sodium levels and less diurnal variation in RT, PR and RR in comparison to SW and Gir cows in hot-dry and hot humid season which makes TP cows more heat tolerant than SW and Gir.
Review on anthelmintic resistances and its detection method on gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants
Authors:   Department of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University College of Veterinary Science, Ethiopia., Haftu Mekonnen Gebrekrustos , Meresa Desalegn ,   Department of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University College of Veterinary Science, Ethiopia., Kebede Etsay ,   Department of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University College of Veterinary Science, Ethiopia., Hadush Birhanu ,   Department of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University College of Veterinary Science, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2024

Antihelmintic resistance is a genetic change in the ability of an individual parasite to survive the recommended therapeutic dose which is caused by factors like under-dosing, frequent drug exposures at short intervals, continuous use of drugs with a similar mode of action and treatment when parasites have small refugee. The objective of this review article is to fill the gap of knowledge on methods of detection against antihelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants by using different approaches like: In vivo (fecal egg count reduction test, controlled efficacy test), in vitro (egg hatch assay, larval paralysis, larval motility assays, larval development assay, adult development assay, larval feeding inhibition assay, biochemical assays) and molecular assays (PCR assays). Their main comparison between in vivo and in vitro tests are, in vivo tests do involve slaughtering the animals for the test, sensibility, specify, reputability and easiness to develop. The molecular and genetic probes capable of determining individual susceptibility and complimentary use of some of them along with their use on a suspect would allow for an increase of sensitivity were finally recommended.
Gross and microscopic assessment of pre-paturent heart and lungs of the red Sokoto goat
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria., Umar A. A. , Atabo S. M. ,   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, College of Agriculture and Animal Science Bakura,  Zamfara State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the state of fetal preparedness to terrestrial life by studying the heart and lung of the red Sokoto goat fetus and to establish approximate fetal survival age. In this study, the cardiopulmonary status of fifty (50) red Sokoto goat fetuses recovered post slaughter were assessed. Grossly, the heart in 6 to 7 weeks old fetuses showed external divisions of the paraconal and subsinosal interventricular grooves, great vessels at the base and pointed apex. The full lobations of the lungs were identifiable. Microscopically, the cardiac fibers are arranged in a branching fashion with centrally located nuclei and large perimysial spaces. The alveolar cells were emerging with establishment of the apparatus. By 14 to 15 weeks of age, the alveoli cells were well established with well developed respiratory bronchioles. Similarly, cardiac fibers were developed with recognizable cross striation and greatly reduce perimysial spaces. Both the macroscopic and microscopic findings on the fetal heart and lungs of a day-old kid were similar to the findings observed on 14 to 15 weeks old fetuses. This therefore suggests that, in the event of a premature kidding at 14 to 15 weeks of gestation, the red Sokoto goat fetus could cope with extra uterine life, with adequate veterinary care.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs (Sus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) of Chandragiri Municipality Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors:   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Khanal Manoj , Subedi Janak Raj ,   Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
Published: January 2024

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of pigs reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality from February, 2017 to June, 2017 using opportunistic random method. A total of 105 pigs were sampled to assess and identify different species of GI parasites of pig. For this study, faecal samples were collected from a total of 105 pigs’ reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality. The collected faecal samples were examined by differentiation floatation technique and sedimentation techniques for isolation of parasitic eggs and/or oocysts. Out of 105 samples tested, an overall prevalence of 88.57% GI parasite was observed. Eight types of parasites were identified in which Eimeria spp. showed the highest prevalence rate (42.8%) and Schistosoma suis to be lowest (4.76%). The study had also revealed that about 15.23 and 73.33% pigs had harbored mixed and single infection, respectively. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that location (χ2=9.233; p<0.05), and sex (χ2=0.031; p>0.05) were significantly and insignificantly associated with the infection of GI parasites in the study area respectively. There was statistical significance difference of the GI parasites with infection types in relation to locations (χ2= 9.5733; p<0.05). However, there was no statistical significance difference of the GI parasites with infection types in relation to sex (Male and female) (χ2=0.3142; p>0.05). This study revealed that pig GI parasites were the major biological constraints contributing to the low productivity of pig and hampered the economic benefit obtained from the sector. Therefore, further detailed investigations are needed to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in pig farms in Chandragiri Municipality.
Approaches for elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats
Authors:   Department of Clinical studies, College of Veterinary Science, University of Bahr el Ghazal,  P.O. Box 30. Wau, South Sudan., Jubara Ambrose Samuel , Bakri Musa Mohamed ,   College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Published: January 2024

In the Sudan, the husbandry system of goats in urban and peri-urban areas subject them to kid in streets, under vehicles and in dirty environments thus exposing the newly born kids to the risk of predators, crush under vehicles, exposure to diseases and occasionally death due to the unattended difficult birth. Therefore, need to control time of kidding for survivability of kids and future fertility of the dam was the overall objective of this study. In a randomized block design experiment, twenty mid-term pregnant Nubian goats were assigned to four treatment groups namely, control (1), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment (2), dexamethasone treatment (3) and cesarean operation (4), with an overall aim of selecting an appropriate tool for elective induction of parturition that preserves life and health and future fertility of does as well as production of viable kids. The hormonal treatments and caesarean operation were performed on day 140 of gestation in all the treatments. The shortest induction time was seen with caesarean section (1.25±0.72 hours) and dexamethasone showed the longest time for induction (57.40±9.21 hours) followed by PGF2α treatment (29.00±1.37 hours). All the treatments resulted to ease of kidding, preserved the reproductive life of does and produced viable kids, except caesarean operation that significantly resulted in delayed placenta expulsion (22.20±2.86 hours) and delayed the time for resumption of ovarian cyclicity (58±5.25 days). In conclusion, the study recommended the use of prostaglandin F2α hormone as a valuable tool for strategic elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats because of its shortest induction time, early placental expulsion and return to ovarian activities.
Peoples’ perception of rodents as pest and their control in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria: A case study of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State
Authors:   Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Ayinde Badmus H. , Adeola Ala A. ,   Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

The prolific rate of rodents in the University of Ibadan is becoming alarming and thus there is need to investigate their perception of rodents as pests by the people residing within the University premises. The study design employed was descriptive and data was collected using self-structured research questionnaires. A total of One hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were administered and retrieved from the respondents. The results of the findings showed that majority of the respondents 96(80%) were aware of the rodents’ presence on campus. Ninety eight (81.7%) of the respondents had knowledge of rodents as pests while 50 (41.7%) respondents perceived food materials as what are mostly damaged by rodents. Fifty five (45.9%) respondents indicated that the extent of rodents damage to their belongings was serious while 45 (38.3%) reported it to be insignificant. Use of rodenticides was the method mostly adopted by 66 (55%) respondents to reduce rodent damage followed by setting of traps by 37 (30.8%). There was no significant difference between the methods employed to reduce rodent damage (p˃0.05) by the respondents. It can be concluded that rodents are recognized as pests that cause damage to human belongings in the study area and methods of control perceived to be mostly used to reduce rodent damage are the use of rodenticides and setting of traps.
A European Perspective on Engaging and Supporting Civil Society Organisations in Local Territorial Development
Authors: Manea George Mihael
Published: January 2024

In an inter-connected world, having strong interdependencies, the transfer of know-how represents a blueprint for development. In a transition from global to local, in order to stimulate the challenges of local development, it is paramount to understand how to act, to connect civ­il society with local authorities, and to create a dynamic and multi-stake­holder dialogue. Development at the local level could lead to a more en­gaged civil society and more predictable governance from the local au­thorities; for example, developing a comprehensive set of policies could contribute to a food-secure population, but also tackle issues related to transparency and accountability. The practical experience of the author in Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe will bring an innovative and origi­nal approach to complement the existing literature with the reality of the project cycle on the ground, in two specific areas such as agriculture and good governance.
The Positive Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Case Study of the Ribnica Destination
Authors: Krže Gašper , Vorina Anton
Published: January 2024

Our analysis aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pan­demic on the tourism industry, with a focus on smaller and less well-known destinations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world came to a near standstill, and the tourism industry suffered its most significant decline in history. Despite this, there remained a desire for some forms of tourism, and many well-known tourist destinations had already adapted or integrated new routes for visitors even before the pandemic. However, smaller and less well-known destinations were unable to do so due to a lack of funds. In light of these challenges, Ribnica has taken proactive steps to adapt to the pan­demic and implement positive methods to support its tourism industry. Dur­ing the pandemic, Ribnica developed a new tourism strategy, updated its tourist image, and introduced new products to attract visitors. Additionally, Ribnica has integrated tourism best practices to maintain the safety of visi­tors and locals during the pandemic. It is worth noting that while Ribnica’s efforts have been successful in attract­ing visitors during a challenging time for the tourism industry, the pandem­ic has had an overwhelmingly negative impact on travel destinations world­wide. Thus, it is essential to continue implementing positive strategies and best practices to support the recovery and growth of the tourism industry.
Natural Tourism Resources in Gabrovo District (Bulgaria)
Authors: Vasileva Vanya , Kabakchieva Dora
Published: January 2024

Stara planina tourist area covers the central part of the country, along the mountain with the same name. It includes 32 municipalities from 10 districts. Gabrovo district is the only one that falls entirely within Stara planina tourist region. Stara Planina tourist region is one of the most attrac­tive regions for tourism in Bulgaria and one of the few that have almost year-round tourist activities. The outline of the area includes the mountain of the same name, but also the Pre-Balkan. This fact predetermines the exception­al richness and diversity of natural tourist resources. The region specializes mainly in mountain tourism, including recreation, mountain trekking, rural and ecotourism. There is an urgent need to identify and evaluate the pros­pects for sustainable development of tourism in the region. The purpose of the present study is to valorize the natural tourist resources of Gabrovo dis­trict and to provide guidelines for their sustainable use.
Impacts of GDP per Capita According to PPS and Health Care Expenditure on Basic Indicators in C5 Countries
Authors: Škrabal Jaroslav , Duháček Šebestová Jarmila , Majerová Ingrid
Published: January 2024

The paper focuses on GDP per capita in PPS (standard purchas­ing power) in C5 countries (Czech Republic, Austria, Slovenia, Slovakia and Hungary). The basic aggregates in the comparison of the indicator include the density of population, employment per thousand persons, and expend­iture on pensions. The period for the given comparison is from 2011 to 2021. Other comparisons of indicators that the authors made in this paper were focused in the context of health care expenditure including years of healthy life, proportion of people 65+, occupational accidents, discharge from hos­pital, and length of stay. For this comparison, the period of 2014-2020 is tak­en into account. The data sources for the given paper are data from the Eu­rostat portal. The paper aims to perform a correlation analysis (Pearson cor­relation coefficient) of the basic indicators related to GDP per capita accord­ing to PPS and healthcare expenditure within the C5 countries.
Climate Change Legal Setup, EU Acquis, Implementation and Interaction with Water, Environment, and Cross-Cutting Sectors in Albania
Authors: Keci Erjola
Published: January 2024

The paper represents a detailed overview and analysis of the na­tional legal setting and related requirements to fully align national climate change legislation with the respective EU legislation in Albania; the paper is focused mainly on the climate change legal setup and policy and its interac­tion with water and environment management process, as well as energy, agriculture, urban and economic development in Albania. This assessment aims to identify the findings, gaps, and possible future steps to improve wa­ter and environment resources management and their sustainable use in the country. Although Albania’s national climate policy, which establishes a compre­hensive legal and inter-institutional framework for climate action at the na­tional level and the endorsement of the National Climate Change Strate­gy, the country still needs further efforts and concrete actions to transpose, fully align and enforce the EU legislation and regulations related to climate change and contribute to mitigation of its effects in water, environment and other related sectors.
Opportunistic Behavior and the Impact on Audit Quality in Albania
Authors: Llaci Shyqyri , Xhani Blanka
Published: January 2024

The 21st century has witnessed the bankruptcy of many large cor­porations because of the opportunistic behavior of management reflected in the financial statement. A realistic review from the board of directors to the internal management can only be carried out with genuine data, which are distributed along with the financial statements. This allows shareholders and other stakeholders to examine the company’s performance and make accu­rate decisions. All this control is carried out by external auditors who certify the financial statements. Although it is challenging to evaluate an auditor’s job, this pa­per sought to pinpoint the causes of their opportunistic conduct in this study. The authors examined five variables that could cause opportunistic behav­ior, including time budget pressure, client importance, personality type and turnover intention, and analyzed their attitude to critical ethical issues in situ­ations they face during their work as external auditors. This research is based on the quantitative primary data. The sampled popula­tion is 150 auditors in Tirana, from the 236 certified auditors registered in Alba­nia, until February 2023; also, from the 65 audit firms, only the Big 4 are taken, to gather primary data and regression analysis is used to examine every sin­gle one of them. The questionnaire was created based on previous studies and was distributed through a survey in Google Forms, using a hybrid data collec­tion approach. As a primary step, a literature review was conducted regard­ing the ethical issues of an auditor during the audit of financial statements. The study concludes that time budget pressure, client importance, and per­sonality type were the most important factors for the opportunistic behav­ior of auditors in Albania, and has found that the impact of the turnover fac­tor is minimal.