bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural evidence for regulation and specificity of flaviviral proteases and evolution of the Flaviviridae fold
Authors: Aleshin Alexander E. , Shiryaev Sergey A. , Strongin Alex Y. , Liddington Robert C.
Published: March 2007

Pathogenic members of the flavivirus family, including West Nile Virus (WNV) and Dengue Virus (DV), are growing global threats for which there are no specific treatments. The two‐component flaviviral enzyme NS2B‐NS3 cleaves the viral polyprotein precursor within the host cell, a process that is required for viral replication. Here, we report the crystal structure of WNV NS2B‐NS3pro both in a substrate‐free form and in complex with the trypsin inhibitor aprotinin/BPTI. We show that aprotinin binds in a substrate‐mimetic fashion in which the productive conformation of the protease is fully formed, providing evidence for an “induced fit” mechanism of catalysis and allowing us to rationalize the distinct substrate specificities of WNV and DV proteases. We also show that the NS2B cofactor of WNV can adopt two very distinct conformations and that this is likely to be a general feature of flaviviral proteases, providing further opportunities for regulation. Finally, by comparing the flaviviral proteases with the more distantly related Hepatitis C virus, we provide insights into the evolution of the Flaviviridae fold. Our work should expedite the design of protease inhibitors to treat a range of flaviviral infections.
Crystal structure of the Streptococcus pneumoniae mevalonate kinase in complex with diphosphomevalonate
Authors: Andreassi John L. , Bilder Patrick W. , Vetting Matthew W. , Roderick Steven L. , Leyh Thomas S.
Published: March 2007

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a ubiquitous gram‐positive pathogen with an alarming, steadily evolving resistance to frontline antimicrobials, poses a severe global health threat both in the community and in the clinic. The recent discovery that diphosphomevalonate (DPM), an essential intermediate in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, potently and allosterically inhibits S. pneumoniae mevalonate kinase (SpMK) without affecting the human isozyme established a new target and lead compound for antimicrobial design. Here we present the crystal structure of the first S. pneumoniae mevalonate kinase, at a resolution of 2.5 Å and in complex with DPM·Mg2+ in the active‐site cleft. Structural comparison of SpMK with other members of the GHMP kinase family reveals that DPM functions as a partial bisubstrate analog (mevalonate linked to the pyrophosphoryl moiety of ATP) in that it elicits a ternary‐complexlike form of the enzyme, except for localized disordering in a region that would otherwise interact with the missing portion of the nucleotide. Features of the SpMK‐binding pockets are discussed in the context of established mechanistic findings and inherited human diseases linked to MK deficiency.
Solution structure of HI1506, a novel two‐domain protein from Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Sari Nese , He Yanan , Doseeva Victoria , Surabian Karen , Ramprakash Jayanthi , Schwarz Fred , Herzberg Osnat , Orban John
Published: March 2007

HI1506 is a 128‐residue hypothetical protein of unknown function from Haemophilus influenzae. It was originally annotated as a shorter 85‐residue protein, but a more detailed sequence analysis conducted in our laboratory revealed that the full‐length protein has an additional 43 residues on the C terminus, corresponding with a region initially ascribed to HI1507. As part of a larger effort to understand the functions of hypothetical proteins from Gram‐negative bacteria, and H. influenzae in particular, we report here the three‐dimensional solution NMR structure for the corrected full‐length HI1506 protein. The structure consists of two well‐defined domains, an α/β 50‐residue N‐domain and a 3‐α 32‐residue C‐domain, separated by an unstructured 30‐residue linker. Both domains have positively charged surface patches and weak structural homology with folds that are associated with RNA binding, suggesting a possible functional role in binding distal nucleic acid sites.
Home and away: the residential care, education and control of children in historical and political context
Authors: Gooch Daniel
Published: April 2007

Children — particularly adolescent boys — may be placed residentially by a variety of agencies in Britain, and there is a strong tradition among the upper middle classes of boarding at private fee‐paying schools. The number of children involved, however, is diminishing, though this is as much caused by shorter stays as fewer admissions. The factors influencing this decline in residence vary from sector to sector. However, the emergence of viable alternatives to residence and the increased readiness of potential customers to exercise choice in the placement of their children is a common thread.
Research Review Editor: Margaret Boushel
Authors: Boushel Margaret
Published: April 2007

No Time to Waste: The Scale and Dimensions of the Problem of Children Affected by HIV/AIDs in the United Kingdom
Parental experiences in cases of child sexual abuse: a qualitative study
Authors: Scott Dorothy A.
Published: April 2007

This paper describes the themes which emerged from in‐depth interviews with parents of a small number of Australian children who were believed to have been sexually abused. The parents’ experiences in the wake of the abuse, including their involvement with three services ‐ a hospital counselling service, the statutory child protection service, and the police ‐ were explored in home interviews conducted 3 months following termination of the case by these services. The themes include: issues related to trust and authority in the casework relationship; expectations of counselling; contamination of normal sexuality in the family; the perception of the sexually abused child as‘damaged’; and relationships within their family and social network. Some of the implications for practice are discussed.
The Department of Health research studies in child protection: a response to Parton
Authors: Hughes Rupert
Published: April 2007

This paper responds to the critical appraisal of the Department of Health Research Studies in Child Protection by Partem. It commends the general presentation of the context of the research but does not wholly accept the conceptual and methodological problems identified. While not disagreeing that a shift in the balance between narrowly defined child protection and family support will be difficult, the research is seen as providing helpful insights for managers and practitioners who wish to make this shift. The paper attempts to provide a different perspective of the current situation as a contribution to continuing debate.
Family support: past, present and future challenges
Authors: Tunstill Jane
Published: April 2007

Section 17 of the 1989 Children Act incorporates a new legal framework for the delivery of services to support children in their own homes, and is a crucial part of the act, both in its own right, and in terms of its significance for other aspects of child care such as child protection activity. However, while “children in need” represents a new legal phraseology, the policy and professional issues addressed by the clause have a long history. This paper traces the evolution of the current approach to family support, and provides a brief account of its impact on policy and practice.
Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. What to do?
Authors: Kreeft A. , Schellekens P.P.A. , Leverstein H.
Published: April 2007

Keypoints

• An intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma is often not recognised in pre‐treatment work‐up and frequently results in subsequent significant postoperative morbidity.

• We have evaluated the literature regarding pre‐treatment work‐up and facial nerve function outcome. Two of our own cases are presented.

• A minority of the intraparotid schwannomas can be removed by resection while preserving facial nerve integrity and function.

• In the event of preoperative facial nerve dysfunction, tumour resection and subsequent nerve repair should be considered.

• If resection of an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma cannot be performed with preservation of facial nerve integrity and function, a wait‐and‐see policy seems justified due to the indolent behaviour of the tumour and moderate results of facial nerve reconstruction.
The modified ‘Parent's Kiss’ for the removal of paediatric nasal foreign bodies
Authors: Benjamin E. , Harcourt J.
Published: April 2007

Keypoints

• Paediatric nasal foreign bodies is a common clinical problem effecting children mainly 2–8 years of age

• Often treated in A & E Departments, with little or no specialised ENT experience or equipment.

• We present a simple, parent administered technique for removal of paediatric nasal foreign bodies.

• The technique is safe and effective and is easy to  perform on nervous and frightened children
Apical plug technique using mineral trioxide aggregate: results from a case series
Authors: Pace R. , Giuliani V. , Pini Prato L. , Baccetti T. , Pagavino G.
Published: April 2007

Aim  To examine the clinical and radiographic appearance of teeth that suffered premature interruption of root development and were treated by an mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug technique.

Summary  Eleven teeth with immature root apices in 11 patients were treated nonsurgically by the manual application of MTA in the apical portion of the root canal under microscopic vision. Follow‐up evaluations were performed at 1–2 years after treatment.

Key learning points 

Mineral trioxide aggregate appears to be a valid material to obtain periradicular healing in teeth with open apices and necrotic pulps.

Ten out of 11 cases were associated with periradicular health at follow‐up evaluation.
Absence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and vagal pancreatic impairment in idiopathic achalasia of the oesophagus
Authors: Herreros B. , Ascaso J. F. , Mora F. , Costa A. J. , Sanchiz V. , Minguez M. , Benages A.
Published: April 2007

Abstract  Extra‐oesophageal autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic achalasia is not well documented, due to contradictory results reported. We aimed to study the cardiovascular and pancreatic autonomic function in patients with idiopathic achalasia. Thirty patients with idiopathic achalasia (16M/14F; 34.5 ± 10.8 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (13M/17F; 34.8 ± 10.7 years) were prospectively studied. Age >60 years and conditions affecting results of autonomic evaluation were excluded. Both groups underwent the sham feeding test and plasmatic levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were determined by radioimmunoassay (basal, at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min). Cardiovascular parasympathetic (deep breathing, standing, Valsalva) and sympathetic function (postural decrease of systolic blood pressure, Handgrip test) were assessed. Statistical comparison of basal and increase levels of PP and parasympathetic/sympathetic cardiovascular parameters was performed between groups. Basal levels of PP were similar in controls and patients and maximum increase of PP during sham feeding test. A similar rate of abnormal cardiovascular tests was found between groups (P > 0.05). E/I ratio was the mostly impaired parameter (patients: 36.7%vs controls: 20%, P = 0.15, chi‐squared test). Autonomic cardiovascular tests and pancreatic response to vagal stimulus are not impaired in patients with primary achalasia of the oesophagus.
Complex phenotype–environment associations revealed in an East African cyprinid
Authors: LANGERHANS R. B. , CHAPMAN L. J. , DEWITT T. J.
Published: April 2007

Environmental factors influence phenotypes directly, as well as indirectly via trait correlations and interactions with other environmental variables. Using nine populations of the African cyprinidBarbus neumayeri, we employed path analysis to examine direct, indirect and total effects of two environmental variables, water flow (WF) and dissolved oxygen (DO), on several morphological traits. WF and DO directly influenced relative gill size, body shape and caudal fin shape in manners consistent witha prioripredictions. Indirect effects also played an important role in the system: (1) strong, oppositely signed direct and indirect effects of WF on body shape resulted in a nonsignificant total effect; (2) DO had no direct effect on body shape, but a strong total effect via indirect effects on gill size; (3) WF indirectly influenced gill size via effects on DO. Only through examination of multiple environmental parameters and multiple traits can we hope to understand complex relationships between environment and phenotype.
THE GENUS ANDREACARUS IN AUSTRALIA (ACARINA: LAELAPIDAE†)
Authors: Domrow R.
Published: April 2007

The mite genus Andreacarus, previously known only from Africa, is recorded from Australia. Two new species are described—A. radfordi sp. n. from two Tasmanian marsupials, Dasyurus quoll and Eudromicia lepida, and A. tauffliebi sp. n. from Rattus assimilis, New South Wales. A key to the four known species is given.
AUSTRALODEMUS, A NEW GENUS OF BLISSINAE FROM AUSTRALIA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HEINSIUS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
Authors: Slater J. A. , Sweet M. H.
Published: April 2007

Reasons are given for regarding Heinsius Distant as a good genus; the related genus Australodemus is described and the peculiar abdominal characters of the two genera are discussed. The new species Heinsius pallidus and Australodemus elongatus are described.
THE GENUS MESONYSSOIDES IN AUSTRALIA (ACARINA: LAELAPIDAE)
Authors: DOMROW R.
Published: April 2007

The rhinonyssine genus Mesonyssoides is recorded from Australia. Four new species are described from cockatoos, parrots and lorikeets (Psittacidae) as follows—M. kakatuae sp. n. from Kakatoe roseicapilla, M. aprosmicti sp. n. from Aprosmictus erythropterus, M. platycerci sp. n. from Platycercus adscitus, and M. trichoglossi sp. n. from Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus and T. moluccanus. A key to the seven species is given. New synonymy: Mesonyssoides Strandtmann and Clifford, 1962 (October) equals Mesonyssoides Fain and Nadchatram, 1962 (July).
THE GENUS LAELAPS IN AUSTRALIA (ACARINA: LAELAPIDAE)
Authors: Domrow R.
Published: April 2007

The Australian rodents (all Muridae) are parasitized by thirteen species of Laelaps, including L. albycia sp. n. from Gyomys fumeus in Victoria. A key is provided for these species, which are newly assigned to three species‐groups based on morphological characters and correlated with host preferences.
GENERIC ASSIGNMENT OF THE SPECIES HITHERTO KNOWN AS MORABA SCURRA REHN (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDOIDEA)
Authors: Key K. H. L.
Published: April 2007

Moraba scurra Rehn is transferred to the genus Keyacris Rehn.
A NEW SPECIES OF CADDIS FLY (TRICHOPTERA) FROM NEW GUINEA
Authors: Korboot K.
Published: April 2007

A new species of caddis fly, Chimarra aiyura Korboot, family Philopotamidae, is described and figured.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF PENTATOMOIDEA (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) PART I. SCUTELLERIDAE
Authors: Kumar R.
Published: April 2007

New evidence from the internal male reproductive organs is presented to support a family status for Scutelleridae. From a study of nineteen genera, generalizations are made regarding the conducting chamber in Scutellerinae. Relationship of three subfamilies of Scutelleridae is discussed from a study of the genitalia of twenty three genera. The vesica is claimed to be a modification of the conjunctiva.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF DACINAE (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: May A. W. S.
Published: April 2007

Four new species, Callantra pusilla, Daculus decurtans, Strumeta aquilonis, and S. tenuifascia are described and figured. Several new locality records for some Australian Dacinae and host records for Afrodacus jarvisi (Tryon) are presented.
CAVERNICOLOUS GRYLLOIDEA (ORTHOPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Richards Aola M.
Published: April 2007

The first cavernicolous Grylloidea from Australia are recorded here. Endacusta australis Sauss. was taken from sandstone caves in Western Australia, while Endacusta sp. was collected from a limestone cave in New South Wales.
THE LEPIDOPSOCIDAE (PSOCOPTERA) OF AUSTRALIA
Authors: Smithers C. N.
Published: April 2007

Five new species of scaly‐winged psocids (Lepidopsocidae) are described from Australia and records given for three previously known species. A key to Australian genera of the family is included.
THE STATUS OF INSECTS INTRODUCED FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Haseler W. H.
Published: April 2007

The current status of insects introduced into Queensland against the weeds Opuntia spp., Lantana camara L., Xanthium pungens Wallr., and Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng is reviewed. A high degree of control over most of the Opuntia is claimed. Damage caused by insects introduced against Lantana and Xanthium is regarded as insufficient to exert any significant biological control; introduction of other species of insects against these plants is continuing. The contributions of an exotic insect. an exotic fungus and a native insect in reducing the vitality of Eupatorium are discussed.
A NEW FAMILY OF BOMBYCOIDEA (LEPIDOPTERA) BASED ON CARTHAEA SATURNIOIDES WALKER FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Common I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

Carthaea saturnioides Walk., previously referred to the Geometridae, is here assigned to a new family Carthaeidae of the Bombycoidea. The presence in the adult of 3‐segmented maxillary palpi, a strong functional haustellum, a well developed frenulum in both sexes and a relatively unspecialized wing venation, indicates that the family is one of the most primitive in the superfamily. The larva, which feeds on Dryandra (Proteaceae), has a series of prominent lateral eyespots. The early instars bear prominent scoli but these disappear in the final instar, and the setae are greatly reduced. Pupation occurs on the ground in a flimsy cocoon.
GRADES IN THE EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS
Authors: Mackerras I. M.
Published: April 2007

Grades of organization, of the kind recognized in vertebrates by de Beer and J. S. Huxley, are a conspicuous feature of the insects also. Four can be distinguished by well‐defined anagenetic gaps: apterygote; palaeopterous and exopterygote; neopterous and exopterygote; neopterous and endopterygote. As grades can be defined more clearly than phylogeny at higher taxonomic levels and the reverse is true at lower levels, it is suggested that a classification can be made to reflect both without confusing the user.
TRANSFER OF TYPE SPECIMENS OF STIGMODERA SPP. FROM THE GEMMELL COLLECTION OF COLEOPTERA AND A LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION
Authors: Britton E. B.
Published: April 2007

Type material of three species of Stigmodera Eschscholtz, transferred from the collection of the late A. Gemmell to the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, comprises the holotype and one paratype of S. gemmelli Deuquet and of S. rutila Deuquet, and two syntypes of S. violatra Deuquet, of which the male specimen is designated the lectotype.
FURTHER EVIDENCE OF PANORPIDAE IN THE AUSTRALIAN TERTIARY (INSECTA: MECOPTERA)
Authors: Riek E. F.
Published: April 2007

The hindwing of Austropanorpa australis Riek is described from the Lower Tertiary Redbank Plains Series. The assignment of the species to the Panorpidae, on venational characters, is confirmed.
A FOSSIL COCKROACH (BLATTODEA: POROBLATTINIDAE) FROM THE MT. NICHOLAS COAL MEASURES, TASMANIA
Authors: Riek E. F.
Published: April 2007

Triassoblatta reducta sp. n. is described from a new locality for fossil insects.
SOME APHIDS OCCURRING ON ENDEMIC PLANTS IN CENTRAL AUSTRALIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APHIS CRACCIVORA KOCH
Authors: White Dinah
Published: April 2007

Aphis craccivora Koch was collected on several native host plants in central Australia. It was common on Chenopodiaceae and Papilionaceae, and was also found on plants of six other families. It is suggested that the source of swarms of A. craccivora described by other authors may extend across western New South Wales to central Australia. The endemic plants affected by the aphid are a potential reservoir of plant viruses damaging commercial crops.

Other species of aphids were present in restricted areas on endemic host plants.
AN INTRODUCED PASTURE BEETLE, PLECTRIS ALIENA CHAPIN (SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE)
Authors: Roberts R. J.
Published: April 2007

i

The presence of the South American pasture beetle Plectris aliena Chapin in Australia near Casino, New South Wales, is reported.

Characters of use in distinguishing the adult and larval stages from those of native scarabaeids are described. The bionomics, ecology, and potential importance of the species are discussed.

It is concluded that P. aliena is a species of humid‐temperate climates where it appears to be restricted to light sandy soils. The larvae may damage the roots of grasses and crops.
A PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THE GENUS HOMOCHAETOTHRIPS, GEN. N., WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) *
Authors: Sakimura K.
Published: April 2007

i

The generic characters are defined and a key to 7 species is provided for the new genus Homochaetothrips. A new species is described. Changes in nomenclature include 6 new combinations.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF DACINAE (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) FROM NEW GUINEA
Authors: Drew R. A. I.
Published: April 2007

i

Two new species, Strumeta brevistriata and Strumeta nigella are described and figured.
THE IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF QUADRASPIDIOTUS SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON POME AND STONE FRUITS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Brookes Helen M. , Hudson N. M.
Published: April 2007

Four species of Quadraspidiotus have been identified on pome and stone fruit trees in Australia, viz. Q. lenticularis (Lind.), Q. ostreaeformis (Curt.), Q. perniciosus (Comst.) and Q. pyri (Licht.). Keys differentiating these species have been provided for second instar nymphs and adult females. Both stages in the four species are described in detail and illustrated.

Present known distribution of these species in the Australian States is: Q. lenticularis— South Australia only; Q. ostreaeformis—Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria; Q. perniciosus—all States; Q. pyri—Tasmania only.
NEW RECORDS AND NEW SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN MASARIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: VESPOIDEA)
Authors: Richards O. W.
Published: April 2007

Three new species are described: Riekta angulata from Queensland and New South Wales, in the latter state occurring in the flowers of Goodenia cycloptera R. Br. with R. nocatunga Rich.; Paragia mimetica from Western Australia; P. propodealis from New South Wales. Additional records are published for Paragia decipiens Shuck from New South Wales, P odyneroides Smith from Victoria and New South Wales and of what is possibly the unknown female of P. calida Smith from Victoria.
APHANOSPERMA, A NEW GENUS OF CERAMBYCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM WOODY FRUITS OF HAKEA SPP. IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Britton E. B.
Published: April 2007

A new genus of Cerambycidae, Aphanosperma gen. n., with two new species, is described. Larvae of one of these, A. occidentalis sp. n., live within the mature woody fruits of Hakea spp. in south western Australia. The species may be of value for the control of Hakea in South Africa.
THE GENUS STEATONYSSUS KOLENATI IN AUSTRALIA (ACARI: DERMANYSSIDAE)
Authors: Domrow R.
Published: April 2007

Steatonyssus patriciae sp. n. is the first member of this genus to be recorded from Australia. Morphologically, it is unique in showing the sternal shield reduced to leave sternal setae III free in the adjacent cuticle. Ecologically, its host (a desert marsupial, Dasycercus sp.) is noteworthy, since all its congeners are parasites of bats.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE TRIBE HYSTRICHONYCHINI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND
Authors: Davis J. J.
Published: April 2007

Notonychus asper gen. et sp. n., from Gahnia aspera (R. Br.) Sprengel. is described and figured. The relationships of Notonychus within the tribe Hystrichonychini, family Tetranychidae, are indicated.
A NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZOTETRANYCHUS (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND
Authors: Davis J. J.
Published: April 2007

Schizotetranychus gahniae sp. n., from Gahnia aspera (R. Br.) Sprengel, is described and figured.
A WING‐LOCKING OR STRIDULATORY DEVICE IN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Common I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

A mechanism found in the Lepidoptera for locking the wings in the folded position is described, and its distribution in the Order discussed. In the Cossidae and some other larger Lepidoptera the unlocking of this device produces a distinctly audible sound. This may well reinforce the protective function of sudden wing‐flexing observed in the larger Xyleutes moths when they are disturbed.
A NEW GENUS PERTHIDA FOR THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN JARRAH LEAF MINER P. GLYPHOPA SP. N. AND TINEA PHOENICOPA MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE)
Authors: Common I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

The jarrah leaf miner, a pest of Eucalyptus marginata Sm. in south‐western Australia, is assigned to a new genus and species, Perthida glyphopa. Tinea phoenicopa Meyrick from eastern Australia is shown to be congeneric.
A NEW SPECIES OF LEPIDOSIRA SCHÖTT (COLLEMBOLA: ENTOMOBRYIDAE)
Authors: Howard G. W.
Published: April 2007

Lepidosira gupta sp. n. is described from leaf litter in South Australia.
THE TRAP‐DOOR SPIDER GENUS CATAXIA RAINBOW (MYGALOMOR‐PHAE: CTENIZIDAE)—TAXONOMY AND NATURAL HISTORY
Authors: Main Barbara York
Published: April 2007

The present paper redefines the genus Cataxia Rainbow, redescribes the female and describes the male of Cataxia maculata Rainbow, synonomises C. tetrica Rainbow and Pulleine and Arbanitis inornatus Rainbow and Pulleine with C. maculata and describes three new species. Natural history observations are reported, affinities of the genus Cataxia and significance of its distribution suggested and the effect of stock‐grazing on its survival discussed.
RECORDS OF COLEOPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Brooks J. G.
Published: April 2007

The following six species of Coleoptera are recorded from Australia for the first time—Sitophilus linearis (Herbst), Diocalandra frumenti (F.) (Curculionidae), Caryedon serratus (Olivier) (Bruchidae), Tmesisternus yorkensis (Fairmaire) (Cerambycidae), Carpophilus loriae Grouvelle, Trimenus adpressus Murray (Nitidulidae).
EGGS OF TWO SPECIES OF TRIPTEROIDES GILES FROM NEW CALEDONIA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Iyengar M. O. T.
Published: April 2007

Eggs of Tripteroides caledonicus (Edwards) and of T. melanesiensis Belkin are described and figured. Known eggs of nepenthicolous Tripteroides differ in shape from eggs of species colonising artificial containers.
A NEW SPECIES OF TRAPEZITES HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE) FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND
Authors: Kerr J. F. R. , Sands D. P.
Published: April 2007

i

Trapezites macqueeni sp. n. is described and figured.
GYNANDROMORPHS OF BOOPHILUS TICKS (ACARINA: IXODIDAE)
Authors: Loomis E. C. , Stone B. F.
Published: April 2007

i

A gynandromorph of Boophilus kohlsi Hoogstraal and Kaiser is described for the first time and further occurrences of gynandromorphism in B. annulatus (Say) and B. microplus (Canestrini) are recorded.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF SCALE INSECT FROM TASMANIA (HOMOPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Miller D. R.
Published: April 2007

The new genus and species Phacelococcus brookesae is described and illustrated. The unusual clusters of quinquelocular pores along with the absence of dorsal enlarged setae distinguish this eriococcid from all other members of the family.
ABNORMAL SIREX NOCTILO F. (HYMENOPTERA: SIRICIDAE)
Authors: Neumann F. G.
Published: April 2007

White‐eyed forms and gynandromorphs of the wood wasp Sirex noctilo F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) are recorded from Victorian Pinus radiata D. Don hosts. It is the first record of these aberrant forms in S. noctilio.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF HEMITHYNNUS HYALINATUS (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE), WITH NOTES ON SOME OTHER THYNNINAE†
Authors: Smith* T. J. Ridsdill
Published: April 2007

The behaviour of Hemithynnus hyalinatus Westwood, a wasp parasite of scarabaeid larvae, was studied in the field on the northern tablelands of New South Wales and in the laboratory. The wingless females are fed by the males at the breeding area during mating. The distance between the breeding area and the feeding area of the males is less than 800 m. H. hyalinatus parasitizes the third‐instar larvae and pupae of almost all the larger scarabaeid species in the study area. The behaviour of H. hyalinatus was compared with that of other Thynninae which have been studied by other workers.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENDEMIC ANT GENUS PERONOMYRMEX VIEHMEYER (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Taylor* Robert W.
Published: April 2007

The unique holotype of Peronomyrmex overbecki Viehmeyer is described and figured. This monotypic genus appears related to Podomyrma Fr. Smith.
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF VIRACHOLA SMILIS (HEWITSON) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE) FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: LeSouef* J. C. , Tindale N. B.
Published: April 2007

Virachola smilis dalyensis ssp. n. is described from the Daly River Crossing, south of Darwin, and from Stuart Point, east of Darwin, in the Northern Territory. This is the first record of V. smilis (Hewitson) from Australia.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE THREE FORMS† OF THE MEAT ANT IRIDOMYRMEX PURPUREUS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Greaves* T.
Published: April 2007

Distributions of the three nominal forms of the meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus (Smith), I. viridiaeneus Viehmeyer and J. sanguineus Forel have been studied. Each ranges widely, and seems characteristically to be developed in areas within prescribed limits of rainfall and vegetation. The most common form, purpureus, is found over one third of the Australian mainland; it is sometimes found in association with the other two forms and in places it appears to occupy a buffer zone between areas where viridiaeneus or sanguineus are common. Examples of apparent character displacement are given, with discussion of how the variation in nest structure could enable colonies to survive extreme conditions. Evidence suggesting effects of soil, altitude, rainfall and vegetation in limiting the distribution of each form is discussed.
WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION OF PHLEBOTOMUS RONDANI AND BERTÉ (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Dyce* A. L.
Published: April 2007

A collection of Phlebotomus has been assembled which includes approximately 7,800 adult specimens from 306 separate collections from 100 different localities in Australia. Most of the specimens are from inland localities that receive precipitation < 30 in. (762 mm)/annum. Very few have been collected from the east coastal strip of the continent where the rainfall is higher. Patterns of distribution of the described species are briefly discussed.
A NEW AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF ORNITHONYSSUS SAMBON (ACARI: DERMANYSSIDAE)
Authors: Domrow* R.
Published: April 2007

An illustrated description is given for an Australian parasitic mite: Ornithonyssus praedo sp. n. (host Melomys cervinipes (Gould) (Muridae), Queensland).
A REVISION OF CRYPTORHAMPHINAE (HETEROPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Hamid* Abdul
Published: April 2007

The subfamily Cryptorhamphinae Stål 1859 has been revived and reasons for this action are discussed. The subfamily now includes two genera, Cryptorhamphus Stål and Gonystus Stål. Descriptions are given for all the previously known taxa and two new species Cryptorhamphus slateri and Gonystus grossi are described from Australia. The zoogeography is also discussed.
CHEMICAL DEFENCE IN LONGHORN BEETLES OF THE GENERA STENOCENTRUS AND SYLLITUS (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Moore B. P. , Brown* Wi V.
Published: April 2007

i

Toluene and o‐cresol have been identified as the main volatile components of the defensive secretions in Stenocentrus ostricilla (Newman) and Syllitus grammicus (Newman). These materials are produced in paired manidibular glands, with associated large reservoirs, and are emitted through pores on each side of the frons. The specialized frontal organs of these beetles serve as dispensers for the secretion.
LYCOPSYLLA LASIORHINI SP. N. A NEW SPECIES OF FLEA FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA, WITH A REDESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS LYCOPSYLLA ROTHSCHILD (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE)
Authors: Mardon D. K. , Dunnet* G. M.
Published: April 2007

i

The genus Lycopsylla Rothschild is redescribed, diagnostic features of the type species, L. nova Rothschild, are figured, and a second species, L. lasiorhini sp. n., is described.
PHENOLOGY OF THREE ANT SPECIES IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS
Authors: Greenslade* P. J. M.
Published: April 2007

i

Seasonal variation in the composition of colonies is described, with particular reference to the incidence of sexual castes. The ant species are Oecophylla smaragdina F., Iridomyrmex cordatus Fr. Smith and Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon.
THE USE OF BAITS AND PRESERVATIVES IN PITFALL TRAPS
Authors: Greenslade* Penelope , Greenslade P. J. M.
Published: April 2007

i

Pitfall traps containing baits and alcoholic preservatives were investigated, in the Solomon Islands and in South Australia, as methods for sampling ants and members of other groups that are active on the ground surface. Observations by previous workers that there may be attraction to preservatives used in traps were extended and a method of testing for it is suggested. Ants were not attracted to the preservatives used and when dealing with diverse ant faunas simple pitfalls appear to be preferable to baited traps.
A NEW SPECIES OF AUSTROGONIODES (PHTHIRAPTERA: PHILOPTERIDAE) FROM A DUCK (ANSERIFORMES)
Authors: Clay* Theresa
Published: April 2007

A new species of Austrogoniodes Harrison (Philopteridae), A. metoecus, is described based on specimens taken from Biziura lobata (Shaw), a member of the Anseriformes. Hitherto, this genus has been found only on penguins (Sphenisciformes). A short discussion on spermatophores in the Ischnocera and the Amblycera is included.
A REVISION OF THE “GROUP A” SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN PYGIOPSYLLA ROTHSCHILD, 1906 (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE)
Authors: Mardon D. K. , Dunnet G. M.
Published: April 2007

An early misdetermination of Pygiopsylla hilli (Rothschild, 1904) is corrected. Pygiopsylla congrua Jordan and Rothschild, 1922 is reduced to synonymy with P. zethi (Rothschild, 1904) (males) and P. hoplia Jordan and Rothschild, 1922 (females). A new species, P. tunneyi, is described. Pygiopsylla solida Rothschild, 1916 is redescribed, removed from the genus Pygiopsylla and placed in a new genus Geohollandia.
AN OLD MOUND OF THE SPINIFEX TERMITE, NASUTITERMES TRIODIAE (FROGGATT) (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE)
Authors: W J. A. L.
Published: April 2007

A mound of Nasutitermes triodiae (Froggatt), reported as having housed an active colony in 1872, 1913, 1935 and 1936, was re‐examined in 1970. The mound was much weathered, and no longer contained a colony of N. triodiae.
SIX AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF GUNTHERIA WOMERSLEY (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE)
Authors: DOMROW R.
Published: April 2007

Four Australian chiggers are described: Guntheria megale sp. n., G. sphinx sp. n., and G. quatuor sp. n. from Rattus fuscipes (Waterhouse) (Muridae), and G. pertinax sp. n. from Antechinus flavipes (Waterhouse) (Dasyuridae). Supplementary data are given for G. petulans (Domrow) and G. tessares Domrow.
ENTOMOLOGY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Knipling E. F.
Published: April 2007

Insects play a major role in shaping the nature of man's environment. Indeed, it is difficult to conceive an environment as we know it without insects. They are an essential element in the food webs of countless animals. They regulate the abundance of many plants either as herbivores or as vital agents in plant propagation. At the same time, insects are man's chief competitor for food. They are agents for the transmission of many of the most serious diseases of man, animals, and plants.
REPORT ON CONGRESS
Authors: Smithers C. N.
Published: April 2007

The 14 International Congress of Entomology was held at the Australian National University, Canberra, from 22–30 August, 1972, sponsored jointly by the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Entomological Society.
A NEWLY RECOGNIZED FROM OF PASTURE DAMAGE BY PHAULACRIDIUM VITTATUM (ACRIDIDAE) ON THE NORTHERN TABLELANDS OF N.S.W.
Authors: Roberts R. J.
Published: April 2007

Observations made on Phaulacridium vittatum during 1965–71 on the Northern Tablelands of N.S.W. showed that this grasshopper is a serious pest of both new and established pastures, where it attacks grasses, particularly their new growth, as well as the clovers and broad‐leafed plants upon which it was previously known to feed. The insect is a problem in seasons of low rainfall in the growing period and where overgrazing of pastures occurs.
A NOTE ON PODAPOLIPOIDES GRASSI BERLESE (ACARINA: PODAPOLIPIDAE), A PARASITE OF CHORTOICETES TERMINIFERA WALKER, THE AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUST
Authors: Gauchat Claude A.
Published: April 2007

Parasitism by Podapolipoides grassii on Chortoicetes terminifera, the Australian plague locust, interfered with culturing of locusts and heavy infestations of the mite were associated with a decrease in host vigour. The parasitic mite was widely distributed in high density field populations of locusts in south western New South Wales and northern Victoria during autumn 1971.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF HAEMOLAELAPS BERLESE (ACARI: DERMANYSSIDAE) FROM LEADBEATER'S POSSUM
Authors: Domrow R.
Published: April 2007

Two Australian mite parasites are described: Haemolaelaps anticlea sp. n. and H. cleptusa sp. n., both from Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy (Marsupialia: Petauridae).
LARVAL CHAETOTAXY OF THORAX AND ABDOMEN OF FRAUS SIMULANS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE)
Authors: Hardy* R. J.
Published: April 2007

The chactotaxy of the thorax and abdomen of the final instar larva of Fraus simulans Walker is described and discussed in relation to the larvae of other pasture inhabiting hepialids in Australia and a key that allows the separation of F. simulans from them is presented.
A NEW SPECIES OF ACANTHOPSYLLA FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE)
Authors: Mardon* D. K.
Published: April 2007

A new species of Acanthopsylla Jordan and Rothschild, A. jordani sp.n., known from females only, is described from Sminthopsis murina in Western Australia, and compared with A. rothschildi (Rainbow).
A NEW GENUS PROEIDOSA FOR AN AUSTRALIAN SKIPPER, PASMA POLYSEMA (LOWER) (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE, TRAPEZITINAE)
Authors: Atkins* A. F.
Published: April 2007

A new genus Proeidosa, with a single representative, Hesperilla polysema Lower, is separated from Pasma Waterhouse. The type species and early stages are figured and the life‐history is described. New southern records are given for this rare endemic skipper. Its distribution is discussed and related genera are compared.
A NEW SPECIES OF TRACHOLENA (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) ATTACKING KLINKII PINE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF T. HOMOPOLIA FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Common* I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

Tracholena lipara sp.n. is described from the Bulolo Valley, Papua New Guinea, where the larva damages the seeds of klinkii pine (Araucaria hunsteinii). The larva and pupa of T. homopolia (Turn.), reared from cones of cypress pine (Callitris spp.) in Australia, are also described. Three of the four known species of this Australian and Papuan genus have now been reared from conifers.
ANTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN GENUS MESOSTRUMA BROWN (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Taylor Robert W.
Published: April 2007

Mesostruma is redefined and reviewed. Six species are recognised:—M. browni Taylor, M. eccentrica sp. n., M. exolympica sp. n., M. laevigata Brown, M. loweryi sp. n., and M. turneri (Forel). Epopostruma monstrosa Viehmeyer, previously assigned to Mesostruma, is reassigned to Epopostruma as an unrecognisable species, its holotype being so damaged.
SEASONAL STUDIES OF A POPULATION OF CULICOIDES MARMORATUS (SKUSE) (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) AT DECEPTION BAY, QUEENSLAND*
Authors: Kay B. H.
Published: April 2007

A facultatively autogenous population of Culicoides marmoratus (Skuse, 1889) was abundant at Deception Bay, 40 km north of Brisbane. Truck trapping and collections using bait animals were more effective methods of collection than light trapping. Population levels were depressed considerably in July when crepuscular activity was limited to evenings. The time of adult emergence shifted seasonally in relation to the tidal cycle. This shift was related to the duration of the ovarian cycle in winter and summer conditions. Abdominal pigmentation was permanent once developed. This provided and reliable criterion for age grading C. marmoratus. Pigment development, digestion and follicle maturation progressed, with few exceptions, synchronously with time. C. marmoratus in this area would be a poor vector of disease owing to its low estimated daily survival rate.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY EXTREMES ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE RUTHERGLEN BUG NYSIUS VINITOR (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
Authors: Kehat M. , Wyndham M.
Published: April 2007

Exposure of eggs, nymphs and adults to extremely low temperatures for short durations did not affect the survival rate. However continuous low temperatures, though not extreme, caused considerable mortality in all stages. Adults at continuous low temperatures survived longer than any other stage but they proved to be the most susceptible to high temperatures. At extremely high temperatures the lower the R.H. the higher was the mortality. Whereas during winter temperature greatly influences mortality of all stages, during summer its effect on survival seems to be of little importance.
USE OF THE NEMATODE DELADENUS SIRIDICOLA IN THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SIREX NOCTILIO IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bedding R. A. , Akhurst R. J.
Published: April 2007

A knowledge of the life cycles of free‐living, mycetophagous nematodes has been utilized in developing methods for the monoxenic mass rearing of hundreds of millions of Deladenus siricidicola Bedding. This tylenchid nematode causes sterility in female Sirex noctilio F., a serious pest of pine trees in southeastern Australia; it has been liberated over many of the areas affected by Sirex using the simple but highly effective techniques described.
INSECT DAMAGE TO PLANTATION‐GROWN EUCALYPTS IN NORTH COASTAL NEW SOUTH WALES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CHRISTMAS BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Carne P. B. , Greaves R. T. G. , McInnes R. S.
Published: April 2007

The Christmas beetles Anoplognathus chloropyrus and A. porosus feed on the leaves of eucalypts, particularly E. grandis, in plantations established for wood pulp production. A. chloropyrus is highly gregarious, causes more damage than does A. porosus, and tends to be present in high numbers in alternate years. Because of the timing of the insects’ life cycles, and their feeding preferences, defoliation levels below about 50 % are unlikely to reduce the rate of tree growth. Severe defoliation is limited to young trees planted on old grasslands which provide a favoured breeding place for the insects. Possible methods of minimizing damage by A. chloropyrus are discussed.
A REVIEW OF THE OLIVACEUS SPECIES‐GROUP OF THE GENUS PARASCHZZOGNATHUS OHAUS, AND DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Carne P. B.
Published: April 2007

The olivaceus species‐group of genus Paraschizognathus Ohaus is reviewed, and 3 new species from New South Wales are described: P. frazieri, P. briftoni and P. miskoi. Notes on, and additional localities for, several previously described species are given. The behavioural and morphological specializations of Paraschizognathus spp. are discussed briefly.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY AND HOST RANGE OF TELEONEMIA VALIDZCORNIS STÅL (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE)
Authors: Harley K. L. S. , Kassulke R. C.
Published: April 2007

A colony of Teleonemia validicornis from Brazil was studied in quarantine to determine its suitability as a biological control agent for Lantana camara in Australia. The pre‐oviposition period was found to be 10 to 12d, the incubation period 20 to 22d and the duration of the nymphal stages 28 to 3Od. The colony bred freely on Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) and Jacaranda acutifolia (Bignoniaceae). Because of breeding on J. acutifolia the insect was rejected as a control agent and the colony destroyed. The adult and fifth instar nymph are figured.
A GYNANDROMORPH OF IXODES HOLOCYCLUS NEUMANN
Authors: Doube B. M.
Published: April 2007

The first known gynandromorph of Ixodes holocyclus is described.
THE AUSTRALIAN MOTH‐LACEWINGS (NEUROPTERA: ITHONIDAE)
Authors: Riek E. F.
Published: April 2007

The fourteen Australian species of Ithonidae are referred to three genera. Because the origin of Rs is variable, Heterithone Tillyard is synoymized with Ithone Newman. Megalithone gen. n. is erected for Heterithone megacerca Tillyard (type species) and M. tillyardi sp. n., from south‐eastern Australia. Varnia perloides Walker and V. implexa (Navás), from inland and south‐western Australia are recognised as valid species. The ten species of Ithone Newman are distributed over coastal southern Australia and Tasmania. The following new species are described: J. neopallida sp. n.; I. falcata sp. n.; I. karoondensis sp. n.; I. gracilis sp. n.; I. westraliensis sp. n.; I. burrensis sp. n.; I. wilsoni sp. n.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OF SEXTIUS VIRESCENS (FAIRMAIRE) (HOMOPTER A: MEMBRACIDAE)
Authors: Kitching R. L.
Published: April 2007

The immature stages of the common Australian membracid, Sextius virescens, are described. The nymphal instars are separated on details of the morphology of the head, prothorax and wing‐pads. A rapid method of separation using only the head‐width and extent of the wing‐pads is described. The course of development is shown to involve progressive distortion of the thorax and a consequent downward movement in the position of the head, and this process is exemplified by changes in the ‘frontal ratio’, which is defined and illustrated. Certain generalisations made in the literature about the morphology of the nymphal instars of the Membracidae do not hold for this species.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF PSEUDOCAECILIIDAE (PSOCOPTERA) FROM SOUTH‐EAST AUSTRALIA
Authors: New T. R.
Published: April 2007

The genus Pseudoscottiella Badonnel is recorded for the first time from Australia on the basis of three new species from Victoria, crenulata sp. n., rotundata sp. n. and yeni sp. n. Heterocaecilius diogenes Lee and Thornton is reduced to a synonym of Pseudocaecilius brunellus (Tillyard), and the latter transferred to Heterocaecilius Lee and Thornton. Additional Australian records of this species and of Cladioneura pulchripennis Enderlein are given.
THE UNDESCRIBED MALE AND IMMATURE STAGES OF CULICOIDES INTERROGATUS LEE AND REYE
Authors: Kettle D. S. , Elson M. M.
Published: April 2007

The species Culicoides interrogatus Lee and Reye was previously known from 6 females collected in New South Wales. This paper describes the breeding site, the unknown male and immature stages (pupa, 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instars) based on material collected at Granite Creek, Queensland.
THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THE SUBGENITAL PLATE OF LEAFHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLOIDEA)
Authors: Evans* J. W.
Published: April 2007

The structure of the male genitalia of leafhoppers and the functions of the several parts are described and illustrations given of some modifications of the basic pattern. The occurrence in some male Cicadelloidea and Cercopoidea of 2‐segmented subgenital plates supports the view that these plates, and not, as has sometimes been supposed, the parameres, have been derived from the coxites and styli of the ninth abdominal segment.
A NEW SPECIES OF PARASPELEOGNATHOPSIS FAIN (ACARI: EREYNETIDAE) FROM AN AUSTRALIAN DASYURID MARSUPIAL
Authors: Domrow Robert
Published: April 2007

The distinctive Paraspeleognathopsis exul sp. n. is the first ereynetid mite parasite to be described from an Australian marsupial (Antechinus stuartii Macleay, Dasyuridae). New synonymy: Paraspeleognathopsis Fain, 1958 =Speleorodens Fain, 1962 =Speleomys Fain, 1971.