bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion or liberalization: The effect of targeted investment policies on foreign direct investment inflows
Authors: Inada Mitsuo
Published: October 2022

Investment policies have been implemented by policy‐makers in both developed and developing countries to open up their domestic markets to the foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs). This study empirically examines two foreign direct investment (FDI) policies: targeted promotion and selective liberalization. It quantifies which of the two targeted measures is more effective in attracting FDI inflows and stimulating the activities of MNEs. We implement a difference‐in‐differences estimation that measures the effects of FDI policies by comparing affected and non‐affected industries before and after the change of the FDI policies in compliance with China's accession to the World Trade Organization. Using aggregated data on foreign equity and output by MNEs' foreign affiliates in China from 1999 to 2007, the results show that selective liberalization has a positive impact on FDI inflows, especially from incumbents; however, targeted promotion does not. Our results highlight the effectiveness of selective liberalization as a policy option for stimulating industrial growth.
Food inauthenticity: Authority activities, guidance for food operators, and mitigation tools
Authors: Popping Bert , Buck Neil , Bánáti Diána , Brereton Paul , Gendel Steven , Hristozova Nevena , Chaves Sandra Mourinha , Saner Samim , Spink John , Willis Charon , Wunderlin Daniel
Published: October 2022

Historically, food fraud was a major public health concern which helped drive the development of early food regulations in many markets including the US and EU market. In the past 10 years, the integrity of food chains with respect to food fraud has again been questioned due to high profile food fraud cases. We provide an overview of the resulting numerous authoritative activities underway within different regions to counter food fraud, and we describe the guidance available to the industry to understand how to assess the vulnerability of their businesses and implement appropriate mitigation. We describe how such controls should be an extension of those already in place to manage wider aspects of food authenticity, and we provide an overview of relevant analytical tools available to food operators and authorities to protect supply chains.

Practical Application: Practical Application of the provided information by the food industry in selecting resources (guidance document, analytical methods etc.)
Effect of time to pre‐emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on patient outcome, a UK multicentre cohort study
Authors: Dunne Philip , Finkel Jemima , Khan Faisal , Lachlan Neil , Patch David , Tripathi Dhiraj , Stanley Adrian , Hayes Peter
Published: October 2022

Background

Pre‐emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (pTIPSS) should be considered within 72 hours following acute oesophageal variceal bleeding. However, recent studies highlight the difficulty in providing pTIPSS within this narrow timeframe. Delaying pTIPSS beyond 72 hours has not been studied.

Aim

To determine if the time taken to perform pTIPSS alters patient outcome.

Method

Patients referred to 4 UK tertiary centres for pTIPSS between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2018 were included. Time from endoscopy to pTIPSS was recorded and pre‐defined clinically relevant outcomes were observed relative to two groups: early pTIPSS (<72 h) and late pTIPSS (72 h–28 days). The primary outcome was transplant‐free survival at 1‐year. Follow‐up was until 31 December 2020.

Results

A total of 83 patients received early pTIPSS and 88 received late pTIPSS. Baseline characteristics were similar with no requirement for propensity score‐matched analysis. There was no difference between early and late pTIPSS groups for patient outcomes; 1‐year transplant‐free survival rate (69.9% vs 71.6%, p = 0.73, HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.52–1.58), long‐term survival (p = 0.52, HR 1.132, 95% CI 0.77–1.65), variceal rebleeding (4.82% vs 11.36%, p = 0.09, HR 0.411, 95% CI 0.14–1.17), hepatic encephalopathy (43.93% vs 34.61%, p = 0.26) and new or worsening ascites (16.6% vs 13.46%, p = 0.79). Death due to liver failure was significantly more prevalent in those undergoing early pTIPSS compared to late pTIPSS (44% vs 16%, p = 0.046, HR 2.79, 95%CI 1.02–8.32).

Conclusion

Placement of pTIPSS within 72 hours offered similar short‐ and long‐term survival benefits compared to pTIPSS placed between 72 hours and 28 days. Early pTIPSS may be associated with an increased risk of liver failure‐related mortality. Further large, randomised studies are required to evaluate these findings.
What silence suggests: Thoughts from a moment in a Greater Manchester café
Authors: Barron Amy
Published: October 2022

This paper considers what silences might suggest during research conversations. Reflecting on an interaction in a café, I show how silences might be thought of as ‘interruptions’: important moments in which streams of experience are disrupted and when processes of sense making occur. Though there is no ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach to how researchers should deal with silences, the skilled researcher might be one who recognises that what a silence is and how it should be dealt with depends upon context. Researchers need to think more about silences rather than removing these kinds of detail in favour of neat narratives.
Haploidentical transplant for paediatric patients with severe thalassaemia using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide and methotrexate: A prospectively registered multicentre trial from the Bone Marrow Failure Working Group of Hunan Province, China
Authors: Hu Jian , Gong Susu , Chen Keke , Yang Rui , Wang Leyuan , Yang Kaitai , Nie Lin , Zou Lang , Su Tao , Chen Cong , Xu Yajing , He Xianglin , Yang Liangchun , Xiao Hong , Fu Bin
Published: October 2022

Haploidentical transplantation strategies for patients with transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia (TD‐TM) remain to be investigated. In this study, 54 paediatric patients with TD‐TM were treated with a novel approach using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and low‐dose methotrexate (LD‐MTX), following a myeloablative regimen. The incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 96.3% ± 2.6% and 94.4% ± 3.1% respectively. The cumulative incidence of grades II–III acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 13.8% ± 4.8% at 100 days. At three years, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 28.5% ± 8.5%. With a median follow‐up of 520 days (132–1325 days), the overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) were 98.1% ± 1.8% and 90.7% ± 3.9% respectively. Compared with the low‐dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) conditioning regimen (120 mg/kg), the high‐CTX regimen (200 mg/kg) achieved a higher incidence of stable engraftment (100% vs 66.7% ± 15.7%, p = 0.003), a comparable incidence of grades II–III acute GVHD, a lower incidence of chronic GVHD (20.2% ± 8.3% vs 66.6% ± 19.2%, p = 0.011), and better overall survival (100% vs 88.9% ± 10.5%, p = 0.025) as well as EFS (95.6% ± 3.1% vs 66.7% ± 15.7%, p = 0.008). Our results using unmanipulated haploidentical grafts and PTCy with LD‐MTX in TD‐TM are encouraging. (chictr.org.cn ChiCTR1800017969)
‘Depending on where I am…’ Hair, travelling and the performance of identity among Black and mixed‐race women
Authors: Lukate Johanna M. , Foster Juliet L.
Published: October 2022

A growing interdisciplinary literature examines the role of hair textures and styles in Black and mixed‐race women's identity performances. Through an analysis of travel narratives, this paper extends and complements research on the context‐dependency of racialized identity performances. This paper presents an analysis of 24 qualitative interviews with Black and mixed‐race women in England and Germany. The question it seeks to answer is: ‘How do changes in context alter Black and mixed‐race women's hairstyling practices as a performance of identity?’ Navigating a novel context could lead the women to (1) conform to local standards of beauty and femininity, (2) resist external expectations, (3) try out novel performances and (4) negotiate the complex performance of belonging. All in all, this paper shows that Black and mixed‐race women dialogically re/negotiated and performatively re/created how they identify and how they are identified by others as they moved from one context to another.
Tuberous xanthoma secondary to homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a life-threatening diagnosis
Authors: Kazmi Ahmed , Frewen John , McDonald Bryan , Davison James , O'Toole Edel
Published: October 2022

We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic lesions on the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, in keeping with tuberous xanthoma. She was investigated and diagnosed with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, and commenced on lipid-lowering treatment. We highlight the importance of identification of this condition early, such that life-saving treatment can be initiated and premature death avoided.

Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
Cinnamon essential oil liposomes modified by sodium alginate‐chitosan: application in chilled pork preservation
Authors: Tu Qian , Li Shanshan , Zeng Zhen , Liu Yuntao , Wang Caixia , Chen Saiyan , Hu Bin , Li Cheng
Published: October 2022

In this study, cinnamon essential oil liposomes (CEO‐Lip), chitosan (CH) modified CEO‐Lip (CH‐CEO‐Lip) and sodium alginate (SA) and CH modified CEO‐Lip (SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip) were prepared based on layer‐by‐layer electrostatic self‐assembly deposition technique and their preservative effects on fresh pork were investigated. The average particle size of SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip was 178.73 nm with polymer dispersity index (PDI) of 0.380, zeta potential of −23.83 mV. Results showed that the formation of SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip was efficient (encapsulation efficiency 89.5%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip was prepared successfully. The in vitro cumulative release study during 72 h revealed that SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip (71.42%) showed better sustained release capability than CEO‐Lip (81.24%). The pork assessment test showed that SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip could effectively inhibit the increase in pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS) of pork compared with CEO‐Lip group (P < 0.05). The total number of colonies (TBC) showed that the storage life of SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip group could be extended to 12 days, which was significantly different from that of control group (6 days) (P < 0.05). In addition, SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip also effectively maintained the good sensory quality of pork. In conclusion, SA‐CH‐CEO‐Lip showed good antiseptic effects on chilled pork preservation.
Determination of bruise preventing capacity of the cushioning material in persimmon fruit under pendulum impact test
Authors: Yeşiloğlu Cevher Elçin
Published: October 2022

Fruits, essential in human nutrition, go through many stages until they reach the consumption stage. Brıise may occur on the fruit during loading, unloading, and processing. One of the options applied to prevent bruises to fruits throughout the supply chain is to package cushioning materials. This study investigated the number of bruises caused by applying impact energies to the covered and uncoated (bare) persimmon fruits with foam net material. Impact energy applications were carried out with the developed pendulum impact test setup. Dynamic loadings at different impact energy levels, low (0.03 J), medium (0.06 J), and high energy (0.11 J) were applied to three other regions of persimmon fruits (blossom side, lateral diameter, and stem side). Statistical analysis showed that the effect of impact energy on bruise volume was significant (p ˂ 0.01). The study found a linear relationship between bruising volume on persimmons and impact energy. According to the experiment results, it was determined that the bruise volume values of persimmons with foam net used as cushioning material were significantly less than the bare persimmons. As a result of the applied impact energies, it was determined that the average bruise volume of the persimmons was 225.74 mm3 in the bare ones and 21.29 mm3 in the ones covered with foam net. It was also revealed that the blossom side of the persimmon was the most sensitive to impact energy, and the lateral diameter side was the most durable.

Practical Applications

Mechanical bruises to fruits and vegetables during post‐harvest processing can be significant. Bruise‐sensitive fruits such as persimmon increase the size of bruises due to falling from height during filling and unloading. Understanding where and how large the bruising effects caused by impact energies are can help reduce fruit bruises. Packaging practices, which are ways to prevent fruit bruising, play an important role in prolonging the shelf life of the fruit and reducing the risk of physical bruising. In the study, the effect of the cushioning material on the prevention of the size of bruises caused by the impact energy effect on the persimmon fruit was investigated. It is aimed to compare the bruise amount of foam‐coated and non‐foam‐coated persimmon fruits by considering the fruit regions in the applications performed with the pendulum test setup.
Climate change impacts on flood peaks in Britain for a range of global mean surface temperature changes
Authors: Rudd Alison C. , Kay Alison L. , Sayers Paul B.
Published: October 2022

An increase in extreme weather events is leading to increased flood occurrence and risk in many areas. Although climate mitigation strategies are being implemented, it is widely accepted that societies must adapt to climate variability and climate change. Traditional climate change impact studies have used projections for future time‐slices, often for a range of possible emissions scenarios. Recently however, there has been a move to instead consider climate change impacts relative to global mean surface temperature (GMST) change, to try to encourage action to avoid the more severe impacts from higher GMST changes. To support adaptation planning, more localised information on impacts is required. Here, data on the potential range of changes in flood peaks is generated by combining flood response surfaces and the new UK Climate Projections 2018, for every river cell on a 1 km grid across Britain, for GMST changes of 1–4.5°C. The results show significant spatial variation, with impacts typically higher in the west than the east, and generally increasing with GMST change. Some southern regions show flood peak changes accelerating with GMST change. The changes in flood peaks can be translated into changes in flood inundation and associated flood risk under alternative adaptation assumptions.
Usefulness of the tilt table test: A “geriatric” point of view
Authors: Galizia Gianluigi , Abete Pasquale
Published: October 2022

See the response from Bennett et al. in this issue.
Age‐friendly care in the Veterans Health Administration: Past, present, and future
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. , Volden Tiffany A. , Butler Jorie M. , Eleazer G. Paul , Rupper Randall W. , Echt Katharina V. , Shaughnessy Marianne , Supiano Mark A.
Published: October 2022

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has long recognized the need for age‐friendly care. VHA leadership anticipated the impact of aging World War II veterans on VA healthcare systems and in 1975 developed Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECCs) to meet this need. GRECCs catalyzed a series of innovations in geriatric models of care that span the continuum of care, most of which endure. These innovative care models also contributed to the evidence base supporting the present‐day Age‐Friendly Health Systems movement, with which VHA is inherently aligned. As both a provider of and payor for care, VHA is strongly incentivized to promote coordination across the continuum of care, with resultant cost savings. VHA is also a major contributor to developing the workforce that is essential for the provision of age‐friendly care. As VHA continues to develop and refine innovative geriatric models of care, policymakers and non‐VHA health care systems should look to VHA programs as exemplars for the development and implementation of age‐friendly care.
Reply to: Expanding options to include language barriers for predicting postoperative delirium in geriatric patients
Authors: Chary Anita N. , Naik Aanand D. , Kennedy Maura
Published: October 2022

This letter comments on the letter by Streetman et al.
Liquidity, the Mundell–Tobin Effect, and the Friedman Rule
Authors: ALTERMATT LUKAS , WIPF CHRISTIAN
Published: October 2022

We investigate how a positive relation between inflation and capital investment (the Mundell–Tobin effect, MT‐E) affects optimal monetary policy in a framework that combines overlapping generations and new Monetarist models. We find that inflation rates above the Friedman rule are optimal if and only if there is an MT‐E. In the absence of the MT‐E, the Friedman rule is optimal. With an MT‐E, increasing inflation above the Friedman rule leads to a first‐order welfare gain from increasing capital investment, and only to a second‐order welfare loss from reducing consumption in markets where liquidity matters.
Maternal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Furuta Marie , Kato Rie , Takahashi Shinji , Takeda Jun , Nakao Masahiro , Nakamura Eishin , Nii Masafumi , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Yamahata Yoshihiro , Enomoto Naosuke , Tsuji Makoto , Baba Shiniji , Hosokawa Yuki , Maenaka Takahide , Sakurai Atsushi
Published: October 2022

The perinatal resuscitation history in Japan is short, with the earliest efforts in the field of neonatology. In contrast, the standardization and dissemination of maternal resuscitation is lagging. With the establishment of the Maternal Death Reporting Project and the Maternal Death Case Review and Evaluation Committee in 2010, with the aim of reducing maternal deaths, the true situation of maternal deaths came to light. Subsequently, in 2015, the Japan Council for the Dissemination of Maternal Emergency Life Support Systems (J‐CIMELS) was established to educate and disseminate simulations in maternal emergency care; training sessions on maternal resuscitation are now conducted in all prefectures. Since the launch of the project and council, the maternal mortality rate in Japan (especially due to obstetric critical hemorrhage) has gradually decreased. This has been probably achieved due to the tireless efforts of medical personnel involved in perinatal care, as well as the various activities conducted so far. However, there are no standardized guidelines for maternal resuscitation yet. Therefore, a committee was set up within the Japan Resuscitation Council to develop a maternal resuscitation protocol, and the Guidelines for Maternal Resuscitation 2020 was created in 2021. These guidelines are expected to make the use of high‐quality resuscitation methods more widespread than ever before. This presentation will provide an overview of the Guidelines for Maternal Resuscitation 2020.
Colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium causes histopathological and immunological changes in the periodontal tissues of Wistar rats
Authors: de Mello‐Neto João Martins , Elangovan Gayathiri , Ervolino Edilson , Johnson Newell Walter , Gustafsson Anders , da Figueredo Carlos Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study investigated the impact of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis (DIC) on histopathological and immunological outcomes in the periodontal tissues of Wistar rats.

Background

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and periodontitis have been reported to present a bidirectional relationship. However, the inflammatory pathway that connects both diseases needs further investigation.

Material and Methods

Twenty‐five male Wistar rats were allocated in four groups: unilateral ligature‐induced periodontitis for 14 days: LIP (n = 7); dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis only: DIC (n = 6); DIC + LIP (n = 6) and controls (n = 6). Digital images were obtained from the histological sections. In order to assess the attachment loss (AL), the linear distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest was measured on the mesial root using histological photomicrography's ImageJ software. Immunological analyses of gingival tissues and plasma were performed by Bio‐Plex Th1/Th2 Assay.

Results

The DIC group showed inflammatory cells extending to the periodontal connective tissues, which contained significantly elevated expressions of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐13, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α compared to controls. There was no significant difference in bone loss between controls and DIC. There were no significant histopathological differences between DIC + LIP and LIP. However, DIC + LIP presented a significantly lower IL‐2 and IL‐5 than the LIP group. There was no bone loss difference between LIP+DIC and LIP groups. DIC + LIP group presented significantly higher levels of GM‐CSF in plasma.

Conclusion

DSS‐induced colitis was associated with an overexpression of Th1/Th2‐ related cytokines in the gingival tissue.
Retrospective evaluation of risk factors for development of kidney injury after parenteral furosemide treatment of left‐sided congestive heart failure in dogs
Authors: Giorgi Maria E. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Yuan Lingnan , Adin Darcy B. , Ward Jessica L.
Published: October 2022

Background

Kidney injury (KI) has been documented in dogs treated with furosemide for left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Determine risk factors for development of KI in furosemide‐treated dogs and determine the effect of KI on survival.

Animals

Seventy‐nine client‐owned dogs receiving parenteral furosemide for CHF.

Methods

Serum creatinine (sCr) and electrolyte concentrations were determined during hospitalization and at first outpatient reevaluation to detect and stage KI (increase in sCr ≥0.3 mg/dL). Furosemide dosage administered between timepoints was calculated. Multivariable modeling was performed to identify predictors of KI and percent change in serum biochemistry results over time.

Results

Kidney injury was identified in 38/79 (48%) dogs and mostly occurred during hospitalization. Kidney injury was Grade I in 25 dogs, Grade II in 9 dogs, and Grade III in 4 dogs. Higher blood pressure was associated with acute KI during hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.01‐1.07;P = .03) whereas PO furosemide dosage was associated with KI after hospital discharge (odds ratio, 7.77; 95% CI, 2.05‐68.6;P = .02). Baseline sCr and use of a furosemide continuous rate infusion were not associated with increased risk of KI. Kidney injury was not associated with long‐term outcome. Of 13 dogs with Grade II‐III KI, azotemia was reversible in 9 dogs, and 6 dogs survived >1 year after KI.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In this cohort of dogs receiving parenteral furosemide for CHF, KI was common, mostly nonazotemic (Grade I), and did not impact survival.
A phosphate starvation response‐regulated receptor‐like kinase, OsADK1, is required for mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphate starvation responses
Authors: Shi Jincai , Zhao Boyu , Jin Rui , Hou Ling , Zhang Xiaowei , Dai Huiling , Yu Nan , Wang Ertao
Published: October 2022

Most land plants associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to secure mineral nutrient acquisition, especially that of phosphorus. A phosphate starvation response (PHR)‐centered network regulates AM symbiosis.

Here, we identified 520 direct target genes for the rice transcription factor OsPHR1/2/3 during AM symbiosis using transcriptome deep sequencing and DNA affinity purification sequencing. These genes were involved in strigolactone biosynthesis, transcriptional reprogramming, and bidirectional nutrient exchange.

Moreover, we identified the receptor‐like kinase, Arbuscule Development Kinase 1 (OsADK1), as a new target of OsPHR1/2/3. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transactivation assays showed that OsPHR2 can bind directly to the P1BS elements within the OsADK1 promoter to activate its transcription. OsADK1 appeared to be required for mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule development. In addition, hydroponic experiments suggested that OsADK1 may be involved in plant Pi starvation responses.

Our findings validate a role for OsPHR1/2/3 as master regulators of mycorrhizal‐related genes involved in various stages of symbiosis, and uncover a new RLK involved in AM symbiosis and plant Pi starvation responses.
Intense long‐term training impairs brain health compared with moderate exercise: Experimental evidence and mechanisms
Authors: Sangüesa Gemma , Batlle Montserrat , Muñoz‐Moreno Emma , Soria Guadalupe , Alcarraz Anna , Rubies Cira , Sitjà‐Roqueta Laia , Solana Elisabeth , Martínez‐Heras Eloy , Meza‐Ramos Aline , Amaro Sergi , Llufriu Sara , Mont Lluís , Guasch Eduard
Published: October 2022

The consequences of extremely intense long‐term exercise for brain health remain unknown. We studied the effects of strenuous exercise on brain structure and function, its dose‒response relationship, and mechanisms in a rat model of endurance training. Five‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to moderate (MOD) or intense (INT) exercise or a sedentary (SED) group for 16 weeks. MOD rats showed the highest motivation and learning capacity in operant conditioning experiments; SED and INT presented similar results. In vivo MRI demonstrated enhanced global and regional connectivity efficiency and clustering as well as a higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MOD but not INT rats compared with SED. In the cortex, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation complex IV and AMPK activation denoted mitochondrial dysfunction in INT rats. An imbalance in cortical antioxidant capacity was found between MOD and INT rats. The MOD group showed the lowest hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory markers were similar in all groups. In conclusion, strenuous long‐term exercise yields a lesser improvement in learning ability than moderate exercise. Blunting of MOD‐induced improvements in CBF and connectivity efficiency, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial energetics and, possibly, transient local oxidative stress, may underlie the findings in intensively trained rats.
An Accuracy Comparison of Minimally Invasive Transclavicular‐Transcortical Drilling with Free‐Hand, C‐Shape and Assembly‐Type Guide Device: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Fan Tiancheng , Wu Xiaowei , Li Lutao , Li Wenrui , Lin Lijun , Li Jianyi
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Ensuring the accuracy of transclavicular‐transcoracoid drilling in the anatomical reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament complex with minimally invasive incisions remains a major problem for inexperienced surgeons. The purpose of this study was to design an assembly guide device for transclavicular‐transcoracoid drilling with minimally invasive incisions, to manufacture the finished product, and to compare its feasibility and accuracy with the existing C‐shape guide devices and free‐hand techniques.

Methods

An assembly‐type guide device was designed and produced using computer‐aided design and three‐dimensional printing. The specimen data of 54 human shoulders from 27 gross specimen (14 males and 13 females) treated by free‐hand drilling, C‐shape device drilling, and assembly‐type guide device drilling from October 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed in a controlled laboratory study. Fifty‐four human shoulder specimens were randomly assigned into free‐hand (n = 18), C‐shape (n = 18), and assembly (n = 18) groups by drawing lots for transclavicular‐transcoracoid drilling by three inexperienced surgeons. After the drilling procedure was completed and the devices were removed, the operation outcomes were assessed and evaluated. Distances from the tunnel edge to the coracoid's medial (dm) and lateral (dl) edges, operation time, and tunnel location zones on the coracoid's inferior surface of all specimens in the three groups were measured to evaluate the surgical accuracy and efficiency.

Results

All specimens in the three groups completed the drilling operation successfully and were correctly measured. The distance differences (dd) between dm and dl in the free‐hand, C‐shape, and assembly groups were 3.2 ± 1.8 mm, 1.8 ± 1.0 mm, 1.0 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. The dd of the free‐hand group was higher than that of the other two groups (p < 0.001). The tunnel exit points on the inferior coracoid surface located in undesired zones were six (33%), one (6%), and zero in the free‐hand group, C‐shape group, and assembly‐type group, respectively (p = 0.012). The operation time in the free‐hand, C‐shape, and assembly groups were 198 ± 36 s, 256 ± 64 s, and 353 ± 88 s, respectively. The operation time of each group significantly differed from that of the others (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The assembly‐type devices may be the first choice for inexperienced surgeons while both the C shape devices and assembly‐type guide devices achieved higher accuracy than free‐hand techniques.
Contextual desirability of strong men employing affiliative and aggressive humor
Authors: Brown Mitch , Brown Madeline R. , O'Neil Bridget A.
Published: October 2022

Women find men's upper body strength highly desirable, albeit primarily within short‐term mating contexts. This boundary implicates strength as possessing both costs and benefits in long‐term and short‐term mating contexts. The desirability of strength could be contingent upon whether the costs or benefits of strength are more salient through additional behavioral repertoires that signal a specific type of mating intent. Men's humor style could be one modality to infer costs and benefits, namely their interest in affiliative humor relative to aggressive humor. This study represents a synergistic replication of previous work investigating the desirability of strength and various humor styles in mating domains. Women evaluated the short‐term and long‐term desirability of a prospective mate manipulated to appear physically strong or weak and described using affiliative or aggressive humor. We replicated previous findings implicating affiliative humor as desirable in long‐term contexts and upper body strength in short‐term contexts. However, no interactive effects between these traits emerged. Results indicate that women's mate choices are multimodal and frequently involve evaluating the costs and benefits of various constellations of traits.
Pathways to depression: Dynamic associations between neural responses to appetitive cues in the environment, stress, and the development of illness
Authors: Weinberg Anna
Published: October 2022

This review focuses on research my colleagues and I have conducted on etiological pathways to depression. Much of this work has focused on the measurement of neural responses to appetitive cues, using two event‐related brain potential (ERP) components, the Late Positive Potential (LPP) and the Reward Positivity (RewP). Reductions in each of these components have been associated with current symptoms of depression, and in some cases have been shown to differentiate anxious from depressive phenotypes. In this review, I will describe three broad and related approaches we have taken in our research to address a series of interdependent issuess. The first attempts to understand different sources of variation in the LPP and RewP, and how these sources interact with one another. The second tries to identify whether variation in the processes measured by these ERP components might reflect a latent vulnerability to depression and its symptoms, that is evident prior to illness onset. And the third examines the possibility that the processes reflected in the LPP and RewP might play a mechanistic role in the development of depression.
The implications of seabed mining in the Area for the human right to health
Authors: Hamley Graham J.
Published: October 2022

As the prospect of seabed mining in the Area looms closer, much of the debate to date has focused on the prospects of economic gain versus environmental harm. This article contends that potential human health implications must also be considered, including threats to food safety and security and acceleration of global climate change. Through analysis of both scientific and legal literature, this article highlights several ways in which seabed mining may impact human health due to harm to marine biodiversity, threatening enjoyment of the right to health under international human rights law. Against this backdrop, this article reviews the draft regime for the exploitation phase of seabed mining, currently under development by the International Seabed Authority, and highlights two areas in which the regime is incompatible with the human right to health. These findings highlight potential for stronger alignment between the seabed mining and international human rights law regimes.
Beta‐lactam allergies, surgical site infections, and prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients at a single center: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mowrer Clayton , Lyden Elizabeth , Matthews Stephen , Abbas Anum , Bergman Scott , Alexander Bryan T. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Stohs Erica J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Beta‐lactam allergies (BLAs) are common in hospitalized patients, including transplant recipients. BLA is associated with decreased use of preferred surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis and increased SSIs, but this has not been studied in the transplant population.

Methods

We reviewed adult heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 to characterize reported BLA and collect SSI prophylaxis regimens at time of transplant. We compared the use of preferred SSI prophylaxis and SSI incidence based on reported BLA status. Post hoc we collected antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) (excluding pneumocystis prophylaxis) in the 30‐day period posttransplant for patients without SSI. We utilized descriptive statistics for comparisons.

Results

Of 691 patients included (116 heart, 400 kidney, and 175 liver transplant recipients), 118 (17%) reported BLA. Rash and hives were the two most reported BLA reactions (36% and 24%), categorized as potential T‐cell mediated and IgE mediated, respectively. Preferred SSI prophylaxis was prescribed in 13 (11%) patients with BLA and 573 (92%) without BLA (p < .001). No difference could be detected in SSI incidence between BLA and non‐BLA patients (4.2 vs. 4.3%, p = 1.0). Of 659 without SSI, 169 (25.6%) received antibiotics within 30 days of transplant; mean antibiotic DOT for BLA and non‐BLA patients were 3.5 ± 8.0 versus 2.3 ± 5.8, p = .12.

Conclusion

BLA transplant recipients received nonpreferred SSI prophylaxis more frequently than non‐BLA recipients, but there was no difference in 30‐day SSIs between the groups. One‐fourth of solid organ transplant recipients received systemic antibiotics within 30 days of transplant.

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Thresholded quantum LIDAR in turbolent media
Authors: Zedda Walter , Gianani Ilaria , Berardi Vincenzo , Barbieri Marco
Published: October 2022

Light detection and ranging is a key technology for a number of applications, from relatively simple distance ranging to environmental monitoring. When dealing with low photon numbers, an important issue is the improvement of the signal-to-noise-ratio, which is severely affected by external sources whose emission is captured by the detection apparatus. In this paper, we present an extension of the technique developed in Cohen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 203601 (2019)] to the effects caused by the propagation of light through a turbulent media as well as the detection through photon counting devices bearing imperfections in terms of efficiency and number resolution. Our results indicate that even less performing technology can result in a useful detection scheme.
Prospective measurements of hearing threshold during military rifle training with in-ear, protected, noise exposure monitoring
Authors: Servi Amelia T. , Davis Shakti K. , Murphy Sara A. , Fellows Abigail M. , Wise Sean R. , Buckey Jay C. , Smalt Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

Although a causal relationship exists between military occupational noise exposure and hearing loss, researchers have struggled to identify and/or characterize specific operational noise exposures that produce measurable changes in hearing function shortly following an exposure. Growing evidence suggests that current standards for noise-exposure limits are not good predictors of true hearing damage. In this study, the aim was to capture the dose-response relationship during military rifle training exercises for noise exposure and hearing threshold. To capture exposure, a wearable system capable of measuring impulse noise simultaneously on-body and in-ear, behind hearing protection was used. To characterize hearing threshold changes, portable audiometry was employed within 2 h before and after exposure. The median 8-h time-weighted, protected, free-field equivalent in-ear exposure was 87.5 dBA at one site and 80.7 dBA at a second site. A significant dose-response correlation between in-ear noise exposure and postexposure hearing threshold changes across our population (R=0.40,p=0.0281) was observed. The results demonstrate an approach for establishing damage risk criteria (DRC) for in-ear, protected measurements based on hearing threshold changes. While an in-ear DRC does not currently exist, it may be critical for predicting the risk of injury for noise environments where protection is mandatory and fit status can vary.
Enterococcus faecium Clade Competition in the Presence of β-Lactam Antibiotics in a Mouse GI Tract Colonization Model
Authors: Singh Kavindra V. , Montealegre Maria Camila , Murray Barbara E.
Published: October 2022

Previously, we showed that
Enterococcus faecium
clade B strains outcompeted health care-associated clade A1 strains in murine gastrointestinal colonization. Here, parenterally administered piperacillin-tazobactam and ceftriaxone significantly promoted colonization by clade A1 over clade B strains except that ceftriaxone, at the dose used, did not favor the least β-lactam-resistant A1 strain.
Listeria monocytogenes Co-Opts the Host Exocyst Complex To Promote Internalin A-Mediated Entry
Authors: Gyanwali Gaurav Chandra , Herath Thilina U. B. , Gianfelice Antonella , Ireton Keith
Published: October 2022

The bacterial pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
induces its internalization (entry) into intestinal epithelial cells through interaction of its surface protein, internalin A (InlA), with the human cell-cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin. While InlA-mediated entry requires bacterial stimulation of actin polymerization, it remains unknown whether additional host processes are manipulated to promote internalization.
HPV-16 E7 Interacts with the Endocytic Machinery via the AP2 Adaptor μ2 Subunit
Authors: Basukala Om , Trejo-Cerro Oscar , Myers Michael P. , Pim David , Massimi Paola , Thomas Miranda , Guarnaccia Corrado , Owen David , Banks Lawrence
Published: October 2022

Despite being a very small protein, HPV-E7 has a wide range of functions within the infected cell, many of which can lead to cell transformation. High-risk HPV-E7 deregulates the function of many cellular proteins, perturbing cellular homeostasis.
A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Direct-from-Urine-Specimen Diagnostic for Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Yang Hyojik , Smith Richard D. , Sumner Kylie P. , Goodlett David R. , Johnson J. Kristie , Ernst Robert K.
Published: October 2022

This study describes and evaluates a direct-from-urine extraction method that allows identification of Gram-negative bacteria via MALDI-TOF MS within 1 h. Currently, identification of urinary pathogens requires 24 h of culture prior to identification.
Quantum quench and time evolution of mutual information with hyperscaling violation
Authors: Zarrin Zahra , Tanhayi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2022

We studied the time evolution of the mutual information after a quantum quench in the strongly coupled field theories. We use a hyperscaling-violating background and generalize the results of Tanhayi (JHEP, 1603, 202 (2016). doi: 10.1007/JHEP03(2016)202) to subregions with unequal lengths. Precisely, we consider two different strips as the entangling regions and use a holographic prescription to obtain the corresponding mutual information due to a time-dependent coupling in the probe sector. In this setup, due to the formation of apparent horizons, the thermalization can happen and we show that in this process the mutual information remains positive; nevertheless, for three entangling regions the corresponding quantity is negative.
Ditauonium spectroscopy
Authors: d’Enterria David , Perez-Ramos Redamy , Shao Hua-Sheng
Published: October 2022

We examine the properties of ditauonium, an exotic atom consisting of a pair of opposite-sign $$\tau $$
τ
leptons bound together by the quantum electrodynamics (QED) interaction in a hydrogen-like state. The energy levels, decay modes and associated partial widths, as well as total widths and lifetimes of the ortho- and para-ditauonium states are calculated. Higher-order QED effects – including Lamb shifts, hyperfine splitting structure, and partial decay widths corrections – are incorporated up to approximately next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy. Beyond the dominant diphoton and difermion decays, the rates of rare decay channels – including Dalitz, radiative, triple-photon, double-Dalitz, four-fermion, and neutrinos final states – are determined.
Novel analytical solutions and optical soliton structures of fractional-order perturbed Kaup–Newell model and its application
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Seadawy Aly R. , Sarwar Ambreen , Yasin Faisal
Published: October 2022

The Kaup–Newell equation is used to model sub-picoseconds pulses that travel throughout optical fibers. The fractional-order perturbed Kaup–Newell model, which represents extensive waves parallel to the field of magnetic, is examined. In this paper, two analytical techniques named, improved F-expansion and generalized exp[Formula: see text]-expansion techniques, are employed and new analytical solutions in generalized forms like bright solitons, dark solitons, multi-peak solitons, peakon solitons, periodic solitons and further wave results are assembled. These soliton solutions and other waves findings have important applications in applied sciences. The configurations of some solutions are shown in the form of graphs through assigning precise values to parameters, and their dynamics are described. The illustrated novel structures of some solutions also assist engineers and scientists in better grasping the physical phenomena of this fractional model. A comparison analysis has been given to explain the originality of the current findings compared to the previously achieved results. The results of computer simulations show that the procedures described are effective, simple, and efficient.
Super Resolved Maize Plant Leaves Disease Detection Using Optimal Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Roy Srinjoy , Binu D. , Rajakumar B. R. , Talasila Vamsidhar , Bhatt Abhishek
Published: October 2022

Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy and crop disease causes huge financial losses every year. The losses can be reduced by detecting the disease accurately. The variation in light intensity and complex background of the agricultural field in detecting the maize leaves disease are the biggest challenges. An optimization algorithm, named Cat Swarm Political Optimizer Algorithm (CSPOA) has been developed in this research to detect the disease of a maize plant leaf. Our proposed algorithm is an integration of the Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) and Political Optimizer (PO) algorithm. Anisotropic filtering performs pre-processing for removing noise and the Region of Interest (ROI) extraction for enhancing the image quality. The super resolution image is obtained from the Low Resolution (LR) images using kernel regression model. After obtaining the super resolution image, the salient map extraction has been carried out for representing the saliency. Finally, the maize plant leaves disease classification process is done using General Adversarial Network (GAN) for identifying the maize leaves disease. The training of GAN develops the CSPOA. On comparing with the existing maize plant leaves disease detection approaches, the developed CSPOA-based GAN performed with a maximum accuracy 0.9056, maximum sensitivity 0.9599, and the maximum specificity 0.9592, respectively.
The value of heat and geothermal waters
Authors: Banks David
Published: October 2022

Evaluation of proposed geothermal projects often requires a value to be assigned to waterborne geothermal heat or geothermal fluids. A methodology for valuing low-enthalpy warm fluids (<90°C) is presented: the method uses a reference price for sale of waterborne district heating at a relatively high temperature (in this paper, we have assumed 70°C), and then discounts this price by the value of electricity that must be expended in a heat-pump compressor to transfer heat from the source fluid to the target reference level. An alternative methodology is also presented, based on the exergy content of the geothermal fluid: this is arguably more theoretically justifiable but does not account for the real costs of running a heat pump. Compared with other sources of low-carbon environmental heat, prospecting for deeper warm geothermal fluids will be favoured when drilling costs are low and electricity prices are high; shallow cooler fluids, coupled with the use of heat pumps, are economically favourable when electricity is cheap and drilling costs are high.
Ordovician cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology
Authors: Sinnesael Matthias
Published: October 2022

Cyclostratigraphy is an important tool for understanding astronomical climate forcing and for reconstructing geological time in sedimentary sequences, provided that an imprint of insolation variations caused by Earth's orbital eccentricity, obliquity and precession is preserved (Milankovitch forcing). Understanding astronomical climate forcing has proven fundamental for the study of Cenozoic climate systems and the construction of high-resolution continuous time scales (astrochronologies). Pre-Cenozoic astrochronologies face several challenges: (1) uncertainties in the deep-time astronomical solutions and parameters; (2) less complete and less well preserved strata; and (3) the sparsity of geochronologic anchor points. Consequently, Paleozoic astrochronologies are typically based on identification of the stable 405 kyr eccentricity cycle instead of shorter astronomical cycles. Here, a state-of-the-art review of Ordovician cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology is presented, as well as suggestions on their robust application in an Ordovician context. Ordovician astronomically driven climate dynamics are suggested to have influenced processes like glacial dynamics, sea-level variations and changes in biodiversity. Ordovician cyclostratigraphic studies can help to construct high-resolution numerical time scales, ideally in combination with high-quality radio-isotopic dating. As such, cyclostratigraphy is becoming an increasingly important part of an integrated stratigraphic approach to help disentangle Ordovician stratigraphy and palaeoenviromental changes.