bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anharmonic effect of the unimolecular dissociation of Glycerol to Glycidol
Authors: Li Qian , Yao Li , Lin S. H.
Published: August 2018

The unimolecular dissociation rate constants of the dehydration of Glycerol to Glycidol were calculated at the MP2/6–311G(d,p) level using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. The anharmonic effect of the reactions was examined by comparing the rate constants at temperatures (700–3000[Formula: see text]K) of the canonical case and total energies (25654–53089[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]) of the microcanonical system. The calculations showed that high temperatures are required for the reaction to proceed. As the temperatures and total energies increased, the rate of reactions increased. However, the growth rate of the unimolecular dissociation rate constants was high and slower both in the canonical and microcanonical systems. Comparative analysis showed that the anharmonic effect was most significant for the reaction [Formula: see text] and least significant for the reaction [Formula: see text]. The anharmonic effect became more significant as the temperatures and total energies increased. Compared with the microcanonical situation, the anharmonic effect of the canonical system was more pronounced.
Genomic Alterations Associated with Recurrence and TNBC Subtype in High-Risk Early Breast Cancers
Authors: Wilson Timothy R. , Udyavar Akshata R. , Chang Ching-Wei , Spoerke Jill M. , Aimi Junko , Savage Heidi M. , Daemen Anneleen , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. , Bourgon Richard , Lackner Mark R.
Published: August 2018

The identification of early breast cancer patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy has evolved to include assessment of clinicopathologic features such as tumor size and nodal status, as well as several gene-expression profiles for ER-positive, HER2-negative cancers. However, these tools do not reliably identify patients at the greatest risk of recurrence. The mutation and copy-number landscape of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes defined by gene expression is also largely unknown, and elucidation of this landscape may shed light on novel therapeutic opportunities. The USO01062 phase III clinical trial of standard chemotherapy (with or without capecitabine) enrolled a cohort of putatively high-risk patients based on clinical features, yet only observed a 5-year disease-free survival event rate of 11.6%. In order to uncover genomic aberrations associated with recurrence, a targeted next-generation sequencing panel was used to compare tumor specimens from patients who had a recurrence event with a matched set who did not. The somatic mutation and copy-number alteration landscapes of high-risk early breast cancer patients were characterized and alterations associated with relapse were identified. Tumor mutational burden was evaluated but was not prognostic in this study, nor did it correlate with PDL1 or CD8 gene expression. However, TNBC subtypes had substantial genomic heterogeneity with a distinct pattern of genomic alterations and putative underlying driver mutations.

Implications:

The present study uncovers a compendium of genomic alterations with utility to more precisely identify high-risk patients for adjuvant trials of novel therapeutic agents.
Maternal and Neonatal Metabolic Outcomes of Vitamin D Supplementation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Dolatkhah Neda
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Many scientists have revealed the association between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on maternal and neonatal health measures in GDM. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search in the electronic databases including Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Clininaltrial.gov, and ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iranmedex for Persian literature review carried out up to January 2018. All RCTs and quasi-experimental studies that compared vitamin D supplementation with placebo or without supplementation on GDM women were included in this review. Results: Five randomized controlled trials involving 310 women were included in the meta-analysis. There were significant differences in fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG; mean difference [MD] –12.54, 95% CI –15.03 to –10.05; 3 trials, 223 participants); total cholesterol (TC; MD –24.77, 95% CI –32.57 to –16.98; 3 trials, 223 participants); low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (MD –18.92, 95% CI –24.97 to –12.88; 3 trials, 223 participants); high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (MD, 3.87, 95% CI 1.20–6.55; 3 trials, 223 participants); high sensitivity C-reactive protein ­(hs-CRP; MD –1.35, 95% CI –2.41 to –0.28; 2 trials, 126 participants); and Newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.80; 2 trials, 129 participants). Conclusions: Supplementation of GDM women with vitamin D may lead to an improvement in FPG, TC, LDL, HDL, hs-CRP serum levels as well as in newborns’ hyperbilirubinemia.
Concepção de Profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre a Saúde Mental na Atenção Básica
Authors: Silva Denilson Gomes , Brito José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Lago Eliana Campêlo
Published: August 2018

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a concepção de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre saúde mental com base na Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, com abordagem qualitativa e a participação de 20 profissionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada e investigados a partir da análise de conteúdo e agrupados em categorias. Foi possível identificar que a demanda relativa à saúde mental mais frequente é a de renovação de receitas médicas e as intervenções são fragmentadas por especialidades e encaminhamentos. Considerou-se a importância do apoio matricial envolvido com a responsabilização dos profissionais de saúde na intersetorialidade e integração das ações multidisciplinares de saúde mental com os usuários, família e comunidade.
Fatores associados à Depressão Pós-Parto em mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Andrade André Luiz Monezi , Teixeira Leila Regina Da Silva , Zoner Caroline Carmo , Nunes Nathália Niro , Scatena Adriana , Amaral Ricardo Abrantes do
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar possíveis fatores associados com a depressão pós-parto (DPP), como o uso de substâncias e o suporte psicossocial em uma amostra de 102 mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O estudo foi realizado com puérperas que residiam provisoriamente no alojamento de um Hospital Maternidade público. Aproximadamente 20% das puérperas apresentaram critérios para a DPP além de um padrão de uso de álcool e maconha superior àquelas que não tinham o transtorno. Observou-se também associação entre violência, falta de suporte psicológico e apoio familiar com a DPP. Observou-se uma associação entre a DPP com outras comorbidades de modo que algumas variáveis estudadas possam estar envolvidas na etiologia e manutenção deste transtorno.
Repairing the Breach: Puritan Expansion, Commonwealth Formation, and the Origins of the United Colonies of New England, 1630–1643
Authors: Dugre Neal T.
Published: August 2018

“Repairing the Breach” interprets the United Colonies of New England as a Puritan innovation in polity formation. Beginning in the 1630s, New England Puritans overcame the problem of expansion by reinforcing church and colony government with a confederation of neighbor colonies designed to make their commonwealth viable on a regional scale.
Bell, Book, and Locomotive: Communicating Abolition in and out of Concord, Massachusetts
Authors: Robinson Jr. Mixon
Published: August 2018

“Bell, Book, and Locomotive” explores the print culture of abolitionism in Concord, Massachusetts by focusing on a confluence of communication technologies: town bells, printing presses, and the railroad. In addition to Ralph Waldo Emerson and fellow transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau, the article considers the antislavery activism of Moses Grandy, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Jacobs.
Measuring Actual Payment for Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Clements John M.
Published: August 2018

I report the results of an experiment using a convenience sample of subjects recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk that examines how religiously and scientifically framed messages about biodiversity loss influence a choice to make donations to protect against biodiversity loss. Subjects who received a religiously framed message were just as likely to make a donation as participants who read a control or scientifically framed message about biodiversity loss. In a subsample of Christians, the religiously framed message did not influence people to make a donation, compared to a control message, while a scientifically framed message increased the likelihood of making a donation. A religiously framed message increased donation amount in Christians, relative to a control message. Because there is a cost associated with biodiversity loss and protection, this research is important to determine how different message framing techniques promote action to prevent further biodiversity loss.
Deep Sea and Cave Sponges (Table of contents)
Authors: KLAUTAU MICHELLE , PÉREZ THIERRY , CÁRDENAS PACO , DE VOOGD NICOLE J.
Published: August 2018

N/A
Preface
Authors: BOURY-ESNAULT NICOLE
Published: August 2018

A volume on Atlantic-Mediterranean deep-sea and cave sponges dedicated to Klaus Rützler and Jean Vacelet to celebrate the publication, sixty years ago, of the first works on the biodiversity of marine caves (Laborel & Vacelet 1958; Russ & Rützler 1959).
Further Comparisons of Meteorological Soundings by Radio Waves With Radiosonde Data†
Authors: Friend Albert W.
Published: August 2018

Radio wave pulse echoes can be utilized for continuous recording of all meteorological discontinuities to the base of the stratosphere. Both operations and preliminary theory show that extremely weak reflections are superimposed upon a continuous pulse reflection background up to the base of the stratosphere. This allows observation of almost infinitesimal reflection variations as humps on the general reflection background of reflection coefficient about 10−6 to 10−7 (when 123 meter waves are used). New equipment to replace this now obsolete station awaits utilization.
The Relation of Isallobaric Wind Components to the Change of Pressure over a Given Locality*
Authors: Gringorten I.
Published: August 2018

Non-Technical Summary

Why cyclones deepen and fill up is one of the fundamental problems in meteorology that still largely resists theoretical treatment; but it is a matter of great practical importance because it does not seem that our daily forecasts will improve greatly until we find quantitative expressions for the factors leading to development as well as mere translation of pressure systems. Mr. Gringorten in this paper follows up a line of attack already laid down by several European investigators to see how well it may agree with reality. While he does not offer us a new principle the result is very interesting because he shows that the familiar conception of the isallobaric wind component, i.e. the small departure of the wind from the “gradient wind” which follows the isobars (except with surface friction), must play an important role in the pressure changes observed on the weather maps or the barograms every day. Qualitatively we have believed this for some time but Mr. Gringorten has computed the expected pressure change, from formulae proposed by Bjerknes and by Sutcliffe, for a particular time and place. This case was for the layers between 2000 and 8000 feet above Detroit between 7:30 p.m. Feb. 2 and 7:30 p.m. Feb. 3, 1940. The computed pressure change at 2000 feet was at the rate of 22.8 millibars in 12 hours but the observed change was only 5 mb. The practical meteorologist will not regard this as very good agreement but in view of the great difficulties in the theoretical treatment of such a problem the theoretician finds some consolation in that at least the computation gives results in the right direction. Of course, as Mr. Gringorten points out, it was obvious on Feb. 3 from the A. M. weather map that the pressure would fall at Detroit by that evening, and no one would suggest that the theory be used for forecasting.—R. G. S.
A Completely Automatic Balance for Inflating Pilot Balloons, With Compensation for Friction
Authors: Pollak L. W.
Published: August 2018

A new balance for inflating pilot- or sounding-balloons, using the principle of the Robervaal balance, is described. The essential features are as follows:—the variable weight of the empty balloon and all friction and bending resistances are compensated before filling is commenced by means of a self moving weight which stops automatically at the point of equilibrium. A valve automatically turns off the gas-supply at the moment the balloon attains the prescribed free lift.
An Instrument for Computing Altitudes in Upper Air Soundings
Authors: Johnson N. E. , Kiley L. A. , Keily D. P.
Published: August 2018

An instrument is described for computing altitudes in an airplane or radiometeorograph sounding of the atmosphere with an accuracy equal to that obtained by tabular methods and with a speed greater than that obtained by either tabular or graphical methods.
Simplification of the Acceleration Potential in an Isentropic Surface*
Authors: Brooks Edward M.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

The purpose of this article is to introduce a substantial short cut in finding the wind flow in an isentropic surface. This is done by utilizing the fact that, at a given level in the isentropic surface, the acceleration potential is uniquely determined by the pressure. From new tables of values for every 5000 feet, values for any level can be quickly obtained by easy interpolation.
Making sense of African thought in social work practice in Zimbabwe: Towards professional decolonisation
Authors: Mabvurira Vincent
Published: August 2018

The problem with current social work practice in Africa is that following its development in the West, it came to Africa grounded in values and ideologies stemming from capitalism, social Darwinism, the protestant ethic and individualism, all of which are un-African. Western ideas permeated social work institutions despite the ethical conflicts between traditional African cultures and values and the Western Judeo-Christian norms on which social work was based. Despite the political independence of most African countries, the profession has remained stuck in Western methods, values, principles and standards. Some of the traditional social work principles seem alien in African contexts. The social work principle of individualisation, for example, is un-African as it promotes individualism and yet life in Africa is communal. The content used in social work education and training in most institutions in Zimbabwe originated from elsewhere outside the African continent and as a result does not respect Africana values, beliefs, mores, taboos and traditional social protection systems. As it stands, social work in Zimbabwe in particular is a ‘mermaid’ profession based on Western theory but serving African clients. If social work in Africa is to decolonise, practitioners should have an understanding of and respect for African beliefs and practices. This is mainly because there is no clear separation between the material and the sacred among indigenous African people. This article therefore challenges African scholars to generate Afrocentric knowledge that should be imparted to African students for them to be effective in the African context. Afrocentric social work should be based on, improve and professionalise traditional helping systems that were in place prior to the coming of the Whites to the African continent.
Financial recession as a predictor of stress in human service professionals: The case of Cyprus
Authors: Neocleous Gregory , Apostolou Menelaos
Published: August 2018

This article presents the first survey ever conducted in Cyprus in relation to stress in social service organizations as a result of budgetary cuts due to the financial recession the country entered in 2010. Social service professionals were asked whether and how they experienced the current economic crisis in their work. The aim of the study was to examine whether the recent economic crisis in Cyprus was a predictor for stress. This article has no intention of examining stress per se, but rather the general consequences for professionals working in governmental and non-governmental social service organizations. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the current financial crisis in Cyprus has affected the work of social service professionals. The participants in our study included social workers, psychologists and sociologists, as well as administrative staff from governmental and non-governmental social service agencies and volunteer organizations. In total, 205 professionals working in 200 social service agencies in Cyprus took part in this survey by completing a questionnaire. A focus group consisting of eight individuals was also formed. The results indicate that social service professionals have been significantly affected by the recent financial recession in Cyprus.
Learning strategies for engagement and retention of young audiences
Authors: Santa María Muxica Luz
Published: August 2018

This article examines the available literature on engaging young audiences to visit libraries, museums and performing arts shows, and their strategies for developing permanent audiences. The recommendations drawn from the review serve as an input for the Latin American Library for Children and Youth that is currently in a planning stage. Ideas regarding program, partnerships, communication and promotion of libraries in the context of the 21st century are explained in accordance with an audience approach that emphasises the presentness of children and youth, the demands and motivation of cultural participants, and the need to enable cultural rights.
State Capacity and Welfare Politics in India: Implementing the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in Undivided Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Mukherji Rahul , Zarhani Seyed Hossein , Raju K.
Published: August 2018

This article argues that the Indian state can develop the capacity to deliver economic rights in a citizen-friendly way, despite serious challenges posed by patronage politics and clientelism. Clientelistic politics reveals why the Indian state fails to deliver the basic rights such as the right to work, health and education. We argue that the ability of the state to deliver owes a lot to bureaucratic puzzling and political powering over developmental ideas in a path-dependent way. We combine powering and puzzling within the state to argue the case for how these ideas tip after they have gained a fair amount of traction within the state. We test the powering and puzzling leading to a tipping point model on the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in undivided Andhra Pradesh (AP). How and why did undivided AP develop the capacity to make reach employment to the rural poor, when many other states failed to implement the right to work in India?
Correction of pelvic adduction during total hip arthroplasty reduces variability in radiographic inclination: findings of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O’Neill Christopher K J , Magill Paul , Hill Janet C , Patterson Christopher C , Molloy Dennis O , Gill Harinderjit S , Beverland David E
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The study aims were to identify the incidence of pelvic adduction during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in lateral decubitus and to determine, when aiming for 35° of apparent operative inclination (AOI), which of 3 operating table positions most accurately obtained a target radiographic inclination (RI) of 42°: (1) horizontal; (2) 7° head-down; (3) patient-specific position based on correction of pelvic adduction.

Methods:

With patients seated on a levelled theatre table, a ruler incorporating a spirit level was used to draw transverse pelvic lines (TPLs) on the skin overlying the pelvis and sacrum. Subsequently, when positioned in lateral decubitus these lines provided a measure of pelvic adduction. 270 participants were recruited, with 90 randomised to each group for operating table position. In all cases target AOI was 35°, aiming to achieve a target RI of 42°. The primary outcome measure was absolute (unsigned) deviation from the target RI of 42°.

Results:

266/270 patients demonstrated pelvic adduction (overall mean 4.4°, range 0– 9.2°). No patients demonstrated pelvic abduction. There were significant differences in RI between each of the 3 groups. The horizontal table group displayed the highest mean RI. The patient specific table position group achieved the smallest absolute deviation from target RI of 42°.

Discussion:

In lateral decubitus, unrecognised pelvic adduction is common and is an important contributor to unexpectedly high RI. The use of preoperative TPLs helps identify pelvic adduction and its subsequent correction reduces variability in RI. Clinical Trial Protocol number: NCT01831401.
Development of an online resource for recruitment research in clinical trials to organise and map current literature
Authors: Kearney Anna , Harman Nicola L , Rosala-Hallas Anna , Beecher Claire , Blazeby Jane M , Bower Peter , Clarke Mike , Cragg William , Duane Sinead , Gardner Heidi , Healy Patricia , Maguire Lisa , Mills Nicola , Rooshenas Leila , Rowlands Ceri , Treweek Shaun , Vellinga Akke , Williamson Paula R , Gamble Carrol
Published: August 2018

Background

Recruiting the target number of participants within the pre-specified time frame agreed with funders remains a common challenge in the completion of a successful clinical trial and addressing this is an important methodological priority. While there is growing research around recruitment, navigating this literature to support an evidence-based approach remains difficult. The Online resource for Recruitment Research in Clinical triAls project aims to create an online searchable database of recruitment research to improve access to existing evidence and to identify gaps for future research.

Methods

MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Methodology Register, Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index within the ISI Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center were searched in January 2015. Search strategy results were screened by title and abstract, and full text obtained for potentially eligible articles. Studies reporting or evaluating strategies, interventions or methods used to recruit patients were included along with case reports and studies exploring reasons for patient participation or non-participation. Eligible articles were categorised as systematic reviews, nested randomised controlled trials and other designs evaluating the effects of recruitment strategies (Level 1); studies that report the use of recruitment strategies without an evaluation of impact (Level 2); or articles reporting factors affecting recruitment without presenting a particular recruitment strategy (Level 3). Articles were also assigned to 1, or more, of 42 predefined recruitment domains grouped under 6 categories.

Results

More than 60,000 records were retrieved by the search, resulting in 56,030 unique titles and abstracts for screening, with a further 23 found through hand searches. A total of 4570 full text articles were checked; 2804 were eligible. Six percent of the included articles evaluated the effectiveness of a recruitment strategy (Level 1), with most of these assessing aspects of participant information, either its method of delivery (33%) or its content and format (28%).

Discussion

Recruitment to clinical trials remains a common challenge and an important area for future research. The online resource for Recruitment Research in Clinical triAls project provides a searchable, online database of research relevant to recruitment. The project has identified the need for researchers to evaluate their recruitment strategies to improve the evidence base and broaden the narrow focus of existing research to help meet the complex challenges faced by those recruiting to clinical trials.
Cardiac Involvement in Sarcoidosis Deaths in Wayne County, Michigan
Authors: Webb Milad , Conway Kyle S. , Ishikawa Martin , Diaz Francisco
Published: August 2018

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating, nonnecrotizing granulomas in various organ systems.

Methods:

Reviews of 84 cases of natural death with sarcoidosis between the years 1996 and 2017 autopsied at Wayne County.

Results:

The median age of decedents was 44 years (29 – 59 years of age). Blacks comprised 95% of the cohort, and 52% were female. Sarcoidosis or direct sequelae were the cause of death in 79% of cases. Twenty-nine percent of patients had a documented history of sarcoidosis and 70% of patients had evidence of systemic sarcoidosis. The most common sites of involvement were lungs or hilar lymph nodes (92%), heart (45%), liver (39%), and spleen (30%). Decedents with cardiac involvement were more likely to have no documented history of sarcoidosis (87% vs. 59%, p=0.004), more likely to have died of a sarcoidosis-related cause (97% vs. 65%, p<0.001), and died at a younger mean age (41 years vs. 46 years, p=0.001). In addition, individuals with cardiac involvement commonly had concurrent multiorgan involvement including lungs (90%), lymph nodes (38%), liver (40%), spleen (32%), and kidneys (7%).

Conclusions:

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a uniquely poor prognostic factor and carries an increased risk of sudden death as shown by a disproportionate representation among medical examiner cases of sarcoidosis. Our findings suggest that approximately 40% may have asymptomatic cardiac involvement. The distribution of sarcoidosis within our cohort suggests that there is potentially a large undiagnosed and/or underdiagnosed demographic within large urban centers, such as Detroit, Michigan.
A phase II study of temsirolimus and liposomal doxorubicin for patients with recurrent and refractory bone and soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Trucco Matteo M. , Meyer Christian F. , Thornton Katherine A. , Shah Preeti , Chen Allen R. , Wilky Breelyn A. , Carrera-Haro Maria A. , Boyer Lillian C. , Ferreira Margaret F. , Shafique Umber , Powell Jonathan D. , Loeb David M.
Published: August 2018

Background

Relapsed and refractory sarcomas continue to have poor survival rates. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory provides a tractable explanation for the observation that recurrences occur despite dramatic responses to upfront chemotherapy. Preclinical studies demonstrated that inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) sensitizes the CSC population to chemotherapy.

Methods

Here we present the results of the Phase II portion of a Phase I/II clinical trial that aimed to overcome the chemoresistance of sarcoma CSC by combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (20 mg/m2 weekly) with the chemotherapeutic agent liposomal doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 monthly).

Results

Fifteen patients with relapsed/refractory sarcoma were evaluable at this recommended Phase 2 dose level. The median progression free survival was 315 days (range 27–799). Response rate, defined as stable disease or better for 60 days, was 53%. Nine of the patients had been previously treated with doxorubicin. Therapy was well tolerated. In a small number of patients, pre- and post- treatment tumor biopsies were available for assessment of ALDH expression as a marker of CSCs and showed a correlation between response and decreased ALDH expression. We also found a correlation between biopsy-proven inhibition of mTOR and response.

Conclusions

Our study adds to the literature supporting the addition of mTOR inhibition to chemotherapy agents for the treatment of sarcomas, and proposes that a mechanism by which mTOR inhibition enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy may be through sensitizing the chemoresistant CSC population. Further study, ideally with pre- and post-therapy assessment of ALDH expression in tumor cells, is warranted.

Trial registration The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00949325) on 30 July 2009. http://www.editorialmanager.com/csrj/default.aspx
Full-intensity waveform inversion
Authors: Liu Yike , He Bin , Lu Huiyi , Zhang Zhendong , Xie Xiao-Bi , Zheng Yingcai
Published: August 2018

Many full-waveform inversion schemes are based on the iterative perturbation theory to fit the observed waveforms. When the observed waveforms lack low frequencies, those schemes may encounter convergence problems due to cycle skipping when the initial velocity model is far from the true model. To mitigate this difficulty, we have developed a new objective function that fits the seismic-waveform intensity, so the dependence of the starting model can be reduced. The waveform intensity is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Forming the intensity using the waveform is a nonlinear operation, which separates the original waveform spectrum into an ultra-low-frequency part and a higher frequency part, even for data that originally do not have low-frequency contents. Therefore, conducting multiscale inversions starting from ultra-low-frequency intensity data can largely avoid the cycle-skipping problem. We formulate the intensity objective function, the minimization process, and the gradient. Using numerical examples, we determine that the proposed method was very promising and could invert for the model using data lacking low-frequency information.
Inspiring geoscience — Earth Science Week 2018
Authors: Camphire Geoff
Published: August 2018

Exploration always involves creative problem-solving, risk-taking, and critical-thinking skills. This is true in the arts as well as science. And that is why Earth Science Week 2018 is exploring the theme “Earth as Inspiration,” targeting artistic expression as a powerful means of promoting geoscience education and understanding.
A Price Theory of Multi-Sided Platforms: Comment
Authors: Tan Hongru , Wright Julian
Published: August 2018

Weyl (2010) shows that in multi-sided platform settings, profit maximization leads to classical and Spence distortions, with the Spence distortion providing a new explanation for why prices may sometimes be too high (or too low) on platforms. However, the key formulas that Weyl gives comparing privately and socially optimal prices are misstated. Properly interpreted, his results only explain marginal incentives with respect to setting prices but not the total distortion in prices, which can be very different. (JEL D42, D85, L12, L14)
Borboletas frugívoras de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Da Silva Thamyrys Pinho , Pias Willian Falcão , Giovenardi Ricardo
Published: August 2018

Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal fornecer uma lista e avaliar a diversidade das espécies de borboletas frugívoras em dois fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostragens foram mensais entre junho de 2014 a março de 2015. Para a captura das borboletas foram utilizadas armadilhas com isca atrativa à base de banana fermentada em caldo de cana. Após um esforço amostral de 4800 horas, foram amostrados 760 indivíduos distribuídos em 49 espécies de borboletas. Satyrinae foi a subfamília com maior riqueza e abundância de espécies. Hypothyris euclea laphria (Doubleday) representou um novo registro para o estado. A abundância de borboletas apresentou-se de forma heterogênea em ambos os fragmentos no decorrer dos meses amostrados. Apesar de ser um inventariamento de curto prazo, a riqueza de borboletas foi bastante representativa no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Recomenda-se intensificar estudos semelhantes, para prover informações no intuito de conservação dos hábitats.Butterflies from Atlantic Forest fragments in northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)Abstract. This study aimed to provide a list and evaluate the diversity of species of fruit-feeding butterflies in two fragments of Decidual Seasonal Forest in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. Samples were collected monthly, between June 2014 and March 2015. Traps with attractive baits of fermented banana in sugar cane juice were used to capture the butterflies. After a 4800 hours sampling effort, 760 butterflies were sampled and distributed into 49 species. Satyrinae was the family with the greatest wealth and abundance of species. Hypothyris euclea laphria (Doubleday) represented a new registry for the state. The abundance of butterflies was heterogeneous in both fragments during the months sampled. Despite being a short-term inventory, butterfly richness was quite representative in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. It is recommended to intensify similar studies to provide information for the conservation of habitats.
Identifying Observation Stays in Medicare Data: Policy Implications of a Definition
Authors: Sheehy Ann M , Shi Fangfang , Kind Amy JH
Published: August 2018

Observation stays are increasingly common, yet no standard method to identify observation stays in Medicare claims is available, including events with status change. To determine the claims patterns of Medicare observation stays, define comprehensive claims‐based methodology for future Medicare observation research and data reporting, and identify policy implications of such definition, we identified potential observation events in a 2014 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries with both Part A and B claims and at least one acute care stay (1,667,660 events). Observation revenue center (ORC) and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes occurring within 30 days of an inpatient hospitalization were recorded. A total of 125,920 (7.6%) events had an ORC code, and 75,502 (4.5%) were in the outpatient revenue center. Claims patterns varied tremendously, and almost half (47.3%, 59,529) of the ORC codes were associated with an inpatient claim, indicating status change and demonstrating a need for clarity in observation policy. The proposed University of Wisconsin method identified 72,858 of 75,502 (96.5%) events with ORC codes as observation stays, and provides a comprehensive, reproducible methodology.

Funding: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01MD010243.
Influence of Long Term Credit of Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank on the income of the Borrowers
Authors: Sahu Megha , Raghuwanshi J. S. , Jaulkar A. M.
Published: August 2018

The recent research was conducted to examine the economic effect (in term of net income) of long term credit from District Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Bank” (DCARDB), at Hoshangabad from 2005-06 to 2009-10 Two hundred forty respondents were selected in which each thirty were the beneficiaries of new well, electric & diesel pump, tube well, submersible pump, sprinkler, thresher, pipe line and tractor (these eight purposes were selected purposively and period of loan was different for every purpose and for every borrowers), all these beneficiaries were selected from circle of 20 kilometres radius from each branch (Itarsi, Bankhedi, Piparia, Sohagpur, Babai, Banapura) of DCARDB (Hoshangabad). Paired t-test was used to compare the net income of the beneficiaries before and after utilization of long term credit. Study reveals that the “t” value for purchasing of electric & diesel pump and digging of tube well was 2.648 and 2.835, which were Significant, respectively. For the purpose of submersible pump the t-calculated value was 0.857, which was not significant and it also implies that there is no significant difference between net income before and after taking loan of cooperative farmers. It is also reveals that for the purpose of sprinkler and pipe line, the t- calculated value were 3.091 and 3.500 the differences were Significant, respectively. Paired t test showed that the t calculated value for thresher was 1.683, was nonsignificant and t calculated for tractor purchasing was 2.220 which was significant.
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Selected Vegetables and Fruits From A Local Market of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Sana , Yaqub Ghazala , Hamid Almas , Afzal Zainab , Asghar Sidra
Published: August 2018

Increased food products to meet the population needs, has resulted in extensive use of pesticides. However the use of these pesticides is a potential source of contamination of soil and food. The present study was carried out to determine selected pesticides namely bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, dimethomorph, imidacloprid, deltamethrin residual in fruit (guava) and vegetables (egg plant and round guord) collected from shops in commercial market, Lahore. These samples were prepared and subjected to high pressure liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for detection of pesticide residues. The results showed that in Guava fruit concentration of bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph and imidacloprid were 5.13, 81.5, 6.6, 0.48 and 1.65 mg/kg respectively. In Egg Plant sample, bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph and deltamethrin detected residues were 3.53, 5.62, 4.58, 0.25 and 0.005 mg/kg respectively while imidacloprid residues were not detected. In Round Gourd, the values of bifenthrin, difenoconazole, paraquat, diomethomorph residues were 3.87, 61.53, 5.01 and 0.15 mg/kg respectively. Despite the fact that pesticides are used to control pests and diseases. Yet pesticide residues are left in fruits and vegetables which can pose potential health risks to the consumers. Therefore, need of continuous pesticide residue monitoring is highly recommended.
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil on Available Soil Nutrients in Apple Orchards of District Kulgam
Authors: A. Bangroo Shabir , B. Dar Shahid , Itoo Hamidullah , Mubarak Tasneem , R. Malik Abdul
Published: August 2018

Available nutrient status and their correlation with the physico-chemical properties is an important indicator of soil health and plant nutrition. To comprehend the nutrient status in relation to soil properties in apple orchards a study was conducted in temperate Kashmir Himalayas. We analyzed soil samples from major apple growing areas of South District Kulgam for various physio-chemical properties and available nutrient status of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The soils varied from silty clay loam to loam in texture with pH and organic carbon ranging from 4.97 to 6.24 and 1.52% to 2.78% respectively. The available N, P, K, Ca and Mg ranged from 152.32 to 428.62, 9.85 to 24.39, 206.86 to 464.92, 209.78 to 501.12, 509.43 to 621.23 Kg ha-1 respectively. Almost all samples were found to be in low to medium range for pH and electrical conductivity indicating soils are slightly alkaline and non-saline in nature.
ADDITIVES TO CONTROL THE QUALITY OF COFFEE HUSK POULTRY LITTER
Authors: Souza Ferreira Cecília De Fátima , Santos Cláudia Ribeiro dos , Inoue Keles Regina Antony , Tinoco Ilda De Fatima Ferreira , Ferreira Williams Pinto Marques
Published: August 2018

The poultry litter keeps the birds comfortable and absorbs the humidity generated in the environment, reducing the feet injuries. Then, its quality is essential. The objective for carrying out the present study was to evaluate the quality of the coffee husk poultry litter, treated with chemical additives, based on its humidity, N-ammonia, pH and bacteria total counting. The experiment was carried out in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in a coffee producer region. It were used three facilities, in which it were placed circular boxes, each of them divided in seven parts, 2 m2 each one, where it were put the different types of poultry litter, being these the seven treatments: sawdust and coffee husks litter, being this last, new and untreated or treated with different additives and reused. Twenty-two chicks were distributed in each treatment (154 birds per facility, 11 birds m-2). Litter samples were collected at 7, 21 and 42 days of birds age. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, subdivided plots. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The hydrated lime increased the pH in the initial phase (7 days) and decreased the moisture of the reused litter, compared to the new one. The gypsum reduced the pH of the litter at the end of the second phase. The N-ammonia content of the reused litter, without treatment, was superior compared to the new one, untreated and treated with lime. There was no effect on the standard counting of bacteria and on the surface temperature of the litter. Then, the use of chemical additives in the poultry litter constitutes a good strategy to control its quality, as well as the environmental conditions to produce poultry meat.
EROSIVIDADE E PADRÕES HIDROLÓGICOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SALGUEIRO, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Pinheiro Antonio Gebson , Dos Santos Souza Thais Emanuelle Monteiro
Published: August 2018

As características das chuvas variam de forma específica entre regiões e meses do ano, e a compreensão da sua potencialidade em ocasionar erosão é indispensável para o planejamento de atividades agrícolas e projetos de engenharia, principalmente no semiárido brasileiro, onde ainda há ausência de estudos que detalhem o comportamento das precipitações. A energia cinética, ocasionada pelo impacto direto das gotas de chuva sobre a superfície do solo, proporciona a principal forma de erosão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o índice de erosividade (EI30), estabelecer um valor para o fator “R” e caracterizar o padrão hidrológico das chuvas predominantes no município de Salgueiro, Pernambuco. Nas análises, sistematização e cálculo do índice de erosividade mensal e anual do município de Salgueiro foram adotados dados correspondentes ao período de 2007 a 2012. Concluiu-se que, em média, o primeiro semestre do ano proporcionou a ocorrência das chuvas de maiores potencias erosivos, o índice de Erosividade característico para o município de Salgueiro – PE foi de aproximadamente 3.430,6 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 e o padrão de chuva de maior reincidência é o avançado, seguido do intermediário e atrasado.
VAZÃO MÍNIMA Q7,10 NO AMAPÁ ESTIMADA POR MODELOS PROBABILÍSTICOS
Authors: Barros Calina Grazielli Dias , Pessoa Francisco Carlos Lira , Santana Laila Rover , Lopes Yashmin Keiller Lisboa , Costa Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza
Published: August 2018

O estado do Amapá conta com uma pequena rede de estações fluviométricas e pluviométricas, não atendendo adequadamente toda sua extensão territorial, dificultando a tomada de decisão quanto à gestão dos recursos hídricos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o ajuste de distribuição de probabilidade das séries de vazões mínimas de 7 dias consecutivos, com período de retorno de 10 anos (Q7,10). Utilizou-se dados de 12 estações fluviométricas distribuídas nos limites do estado do Amapá. Foram ajustadas as distribuições de probabilidade teórica de Log-Normal 2 parâmetros (LN-2P), Gumbel para mínimos e Weibull. Para avaliar a aderência, foram usados os testes de Qui-Quadrado e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Como base nos testes de aderência e pela análise dos gráficos, considerou-se a distribuição de Weibull como a mais indicada para a estimativa das vazões mínimas Q7,10.
THE STRATEGIES OF WOMEN PROTECTION IN SOLVING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES IN CENTRAL JAVA THROUGH SHELTERED HOUSE
Authors: Suteki Suteki , Purwanti Ani
Published: August 2018

Domestic Violence is a highly occured violence which is pervasively victimizing women. Several study show that in the handling process, women, as the victim of domestic violence, has difficulty to go back home, which means she is going to face tortures again by her husband in her house. The problems are: the protection of women in eradicating Domestic Violence in Central Java and; and the ideal protection for women in solving Domestic Violence through Sheltered house. this research uses Socio-Legal method. The existence of sheltered house can become the alternative to protect the victimized women and handle the domestic violence whether in the family sphere or in the public sphere.The increasing number of women as the victim of violence time by time is spreading to the small city but based on the data of 35 regencies and cities in Central Java, only 7 areas which have sheltered house.  Keywords: Sheltered House, Domestic Violence, Central Java
REMODELLING AND REPOSITIONING OF COURT’S MEDIATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Riyanto R. Benny
Published: August 2018

This article is intended to explain the failure of the use of mediation in Indonesia, particularly mediation which is integrated with the court (court connected mediation). The focus of the problem in this study is about the ideal model of court connected mediation as a strategy to achieve the hope of strengthening and to maximize the function of judiciary institutions in resolving dispute in Indonesia. A method of socio-legal research is used to reveal things that make mediation has not worked effectively in resolving civil case in court. This study resulted that the practice of mediation in civil court is very limited, especially dealing with a model applied by mediators, so it is not always appropriate to the situation faced by the parties in disputes. Moreover, although the Supreme Court Regulation allows co-mediation, in practice, it is never implemented. Even court connected mediation has become part of the dispute because it has been registered and published to public. So that it becomes a non-legal factor that influence the parties to reach agreement.  Keywords : mediation, mediator, civil case, model, court.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC WASTE SMUGGLING IN BATAM, INDONESIA
Authors: Priyono FX.Joko
Published: August 2018

Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) are dangerous for human health and environment. The e-waste may comes from both external (import) and domestic industries. Batam as part of Indonesia jurisdiction have been a place of e-waste dumping. The e-waste mostly comes from Singapore. The rest is from Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The influx of electronic waste is done through smuggling at certain place. Police actually knows about the smuggling but not take any action. This crimes was backed up by any army and police. It reflects the ineffectiveness of law enforcement in Batam regarding e-waste smuggling. The ignorance causes the environment and human health is not well protected. Lack of understanding of legal knowledge by law enforcement agencies should be a particular concern for the government. On the other hand, for the people of Batam, e-waste still have economic value. Therefore, they don’t care about the menace of e-waste to human health and environment. The government should develop them in order to manage e-waste properly. The government may refer to the Government of India's Bangalore city with regard to how the people manage e-waste.
RECOGNITION OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN VARIOUS LAWS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yunanto Yunanto
Published: August 2018

In any regulations in Indonesia, there are differences in the inherent status and rights between legitimate and illegitimate children. Consequently, it surely affects the relationship between the children and their parents. Illegitimate children only have the civil relationship with their mothers. In order that the illegitimate children have a certain relationship with their biological fathers, it requires a legal action in the form of the recognition of biological father. However, there are legal ambiguities in the regulations that govern the institution of the recognition of children as stated in the Indonesian Civil Code, Law No. 23 of 2006 in conjunction with Law No. 24 of 2013, and the Decisions of the Constitutional Court No. 46/ PUU-VIII/ 2010 as a corrective provision to the Marriage Law (UUP), and the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). The legal effects are: the discrimination derived from legal injustice and certainty in the implementation of the child recognition.