bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Physical Performance: Case study of University of Defence Cadets
Authors: Michal POLÁCH  , Petr KELLNER  , Jiří SEKANINA  , Ondřej JANÁK  , Jiří NEUBAUER  , Jiří ZHÁNĚL
Published: November 2024

The aim of the research was to analyze the physical performance of University of Defence (UD) students, explain the correlation structure of observed variables using exploratory factor analysis, and identify and name individual latent factors. A total of 89 male students from UD (age: 21.1 ± 1.26 years; body height: 180.3 ± 6.69 cm; body weight: 80.6 ± 9.32 kg) were tested as part of mandatory physical tests. For the examined group of UD students, basic statistical characteristics were calculated for individual variables (n = 18), and a seven-factor correlation structure of observed variables was identified through exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
Differences in Second Language Learning Motivation
Authors: Vladan HOLCNER  , Jiří NEUBAUER  , Jiří DVOŘÁK  , Jiří VÁPENÍK
Published: November 2024

The aim of the paper is to provide a detailed view on motivation for learning second languages in the Czech Armed Forces. As an important prerequisite of interoperability, foreign language proficiency represents an integral part of competences necessary for the personnel serving in modern western militaries. Therefore, language education belongs to significant components of professional military education. As in any other human activity, motivation represents one of the key factors influencing resulting effectiveness. Complexity and diversity of motivation wit h focus on languagelearning motivation rather than language classroom motivation have been considered alongside with striving for higher effectiveness of the second language learning process. Motivational factors include respondents’ goals, attitudes andefforts. Awareness of the fact which motivational factor is the driving force behind students’ willingness to study second language and their success will definitely contribute not only to the production of tailor -made courses, but alsoto the qualitatively improved overall approach towards the second language learning process within the Czech Armed Forces.
Other Central Administrative Authorities in the Crisis Management System
Authors: Kateřina GÖGHOVÁ  , Alena OULEHLOVÁ
Published: November 2024

Other central administrative authorities are part of the crisis management authorities with national competence in the Czech Republic and are subjects of the state security system. Their activities are focused on specialized sections of the state administration, and they have a certain degree of independence, which is why in some cases they are not associated with tasks and activities in the field of crisis management. Other central administrative authorities must also fulfil the requirements of normative legal acts and be able to respond to differentiated risks. Against this background, the article examines the extent to which the requirements of the Crisis Management Act are being fulfilled. Using an analysis of interviews and written inquiries with their representatives, a comparison and evaluation of their involvement in crisis management is made. The results show that the requirements of the Crisis Management Act are fulfilled in each of the other central administrative authorities. However, their level of details is differentiated depending on the scope of theiractivities.
Technologies in the Ukrainian Conflict: Reflection and Perspectives from Viewpoint of Combat Unit’s Utilization
Authors: Pavel ZAHRADNÍČEK  , Martin BOTÍK
Published: November 2024

The aim of the article is to highlight the technologies, which are somehow new or more widely utilized then in times prior to 2022, when the Ukrainian conflict started. The research has been based on an in -depth study of a wide range sources and analysis. The core of the research has been based on logic, mostly methods of deduction and induction also, based on knowledge of tactics of combat units, knowledge of new tools and processes. It describes how they affected tactical level operations and missions. The article proposes recommendations for tactical level units, mostly combat units up to battalion level.
Degradation of Land Cover in the De-Occupied Territories of Ukraine
Authors: Nataliia LYTVYNENKO  , Tamara KURACH  , Iryna PIDLISETSKA  , Oleksandr KORЕNETS
Published: November 2024

The land cover trend analysis helps to identify trends in land cover change, such as changes in the area and structure of natural ecosystems or in anthropogenic impacts on the environment. Such analysis will provide insight into the causes of the dynamics of natural ecosystems and help develop strategies for their conservation and restoration. An analysis of changes in cover in the de-occupied territories is necessary to assess the impact of anthropogenic factors on land use, that is important for making decisions on the rational use of natural resources, especially in the post-war period. The object of the research is the land cover of the Kharkiv region and its changes. The purpose and objectives of the research are to identify negative trends in the land cover of the Kharkiv region as a result of hostilities, using satellite data and open source statistics.
Risk Assessment in the Selection of Parts for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Adam ŠVÁSTA  , Jan FURCH
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the analysis, assessment and determination of risk associated with the implementation of repairsto the maintenance system after a breakdown of a military wheeled vehicle. During the temporary repair, we assumethe replacement of failed parts with spare parts, whose were produced by additive manufacturing process. The articledescribes a possible approach to the categorization of individual parts of an integrated sy stem (military wheeled vehicle)in terms of their manufacturability using additive manufacturing technologies, especially Fused Filament Fabrication(FFF) technology, assuming the use of all currently available production materials. In case that these tech nologies areintegrated into the logistics chain to ensure preventive or corrective maintenance of equipment, it is theoreticallypossible to shorten the period of unusable state caused by logistical delays while maintaining the reliability of theequipment. For the purposes of risk analysis for a wheeled vehicle, the analysis method was chosen: Failure Modes andEffects Analysis (FMEA).
Evaluation of Modern Approaches to Crisis Management
Authors: Daniel BREZINA  , Jaroslav KOMPAN
Published: November 2024

Decision-making is an important function of crisis management as a resolution technique for the negative impacts of crisis phenomena. There are several models and concepts of crisis management in the world, which were compared in the study and an evaluation table of crisis management models was developed. The main objective of the study was to evaluate modern approaches to crisis management (crisis management models) with the intention of providing recommendations on the practical application of these models in crisis management for the development of the crisis management system within government agencies. The comparative analysis was carried out using the rules, relationships and regularities that apply in complex management models.
Predictive Estimates in Population Models with Variable Dynamics Under Uncertainties
Authors: Oleksandr NAKONECHNYI  , Olena KAPUSTIAN  , Svajone BEKESIENE  , Iuliia SHEVCHUK  , Mariia LOSEVA
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the predictive estimates of the model which at the initial time interval describes a slower population growth, and later turns into a model with a rapid growth of such a population. For considered problem, with unknown initial conditions and parameters of differential equations, however for a known number of persons in the population at certain moments of time, we obtain the predictive sets at a given time under certain conditions and substantiate the formulas for calculating the minimum and maximum number of persons in the population.
The Complexity of Military Force Readiness to Respond to Changes in the Electromagnetic Environment
Authors: Petr HLAVIZNA  , Matyáš FALTA
Published: November 2024

This article examines changes in the electromagnetic environment and their implications for the operational environment and the military forces. The first part defines the context with operating environment and how electromagnetic energy shapes it. It then presents the research results in the form of consolidated text and visualizations using a futures wheel and images illustrating the approaches to military force capabilities proposed by the authors applicable in the future electromagnetic environment. Finally, it discusses the development of military capabilities applicable to future operations and generalized recommendations in response to the challenges for military forces in the electromagnetic environment.
Firing Data Accuracy and its Impact on the Effectiveness of Artillery Fire
Authors: Miroslav MUŠINKA  , Michal VAJDA  , Milan TURAJ  , Richard LIŠKA
Published: November 2024

Artillery fire must be both timely and accurate to be effective. Predicted fire is a method that utilizes available data,such as meteorological, ballistic, and location information, to achieve first -round fire for effect. The level of accuracyrequired for such firing data may vary depending on the national regulations and tactical situation. In this study, theauthors compared the effectiveness of predicted artillery fire using two different levels of firing data accuracy. Thefindings indicate that utilizing modern assets and instruments to achieve higher accuracy standards can significantlydecrease the amount of ammunition required to achieve the same result on the target.
Codes of Ethics and their Place in the New Security Environment as an Important Part of Human Resource Management
Authors: Monika DAVIDOVÁ  , Miroslav KRČ
Published: November 2024

The research problem was determined whether the new socio-economic and security environment needs a code of ethics. The values of the code of ethics of a military professional were analyzed by students of the University of Defence of the Czech Republic and military professionals from practice in the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. The research included quantitative and qualitative research. The results show that the existence of a code of ethics is becoming unprecedentedly important in the new security environment and furthermore that it should be specified according to the specific focus of the workplace, type of forces. The hypothesis confirmed that the importance of moral values is increasing in the military education system.
Conceptual Mapping in the System of Population Protection Education
Authors: Pavel OTŘÍSAL  , Hošková Sarka MAYEROVÁ , Rebeka Dana RALBOVSKÁ
Published: November 2024

Mind and concept mapping represents a progressive approach to the implementation of education. Within the framework of the general approach to the creation of concept maps, it is possible to start from the fact that concept mapping represents a comprehensive system of working with information based on data and enabling the strengthening of a personal and systematic approach to the implementation of educational activities regarding modern technologies in the educational process. The individual elements of the system, thus concepts, represent sub-problems that in their interrelations and contexts represent the potential of systems thinking in dealing with complex problems in the field of education. Mind and concept mapping achieved high utility especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, teachers at all educational levels were faced with new challenges that were often not easy to overcome. Applications based on mind mapping and concept mapping became very important aids and tools for distance and sub sequently face-to-face teaching. They are very effective in transforming linear text, which is often accompanied by supporting explanatory information and often ballast and relatively unnecessary information, into concepts, ideas and relationships between them. The aim of this article is to present the possibilities of using mind and concept mapping in educational practice focused on the issue of population protection. Furthermore, the main advantages and disadvantages of concept mapping are discussed. Several examples are used to show the possibilities of converting linear text into conceptual maps. The paper discusses some of the software products, tools and applications, with the focus on the application of ContextMinds and its use in teaching and learning in population protection. Several examples are used to show the practical possibilities of its use in practice.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Military
Authors: Vladimír VRÁB  , Jan ZEZULA
Published: November 2024

The artificial intelligence has become a phenomenon of nowadays. It has a significant impact on many fields, including military art and military science, what is also one the of research directions announced by NATO. The article briefly describes the status and possibilities of using artificial intelligence in the Czech Republic and its possible applications in the Czech Armed Forces. The Artificial Intelligence creates conditions and environment for a number of areas where it can make commanders, staffs and soldiers more efficient in their activities in everyday peacetime life, its management, in the stage of their preparation for the performance of combat tasks, planning of combat, as well as in the stage of its management. The article describes the process of experimentation with conversational robots, available on the Internet, as potential means of decision support for commanders, the results achieved and gives suggestions on how to use them in military practice. In the next part, it describes possible areas in which artificial intelligence can be used in the Czech Army to make soldiers' preparation for combat tasks more efficient, to conduct credible war games, in routine processing of documents and information, in military logistics (warehouse management, diagnostics and servicing of military equipment, analysis and processing of data (image, sound, video recordings) and for deception. The article presents an overview of theoretical works on the utilization of artificial intelligence in the Czech Army with emphasis on data and information analysis in documents, rationalization of work with documents and decision support. All in an unclassified mode at the stage of conducting experiments. Currently, the use of so-called chat robots (Chat Robots, Chatbots) has become very widespread. Major IT companies such as Microsoft or Google have introduced various versions of chatbots for use by the general public. Their use for decision support appears to be very advantageous and available. The authors tested the COPILOT and GEMINI chatbots. The purpose and reason for the tests and experimentation of the mentioned tools was to verify how faithfully and precisely the required information compiled by artificial intelligence is true, accurate and complete. The two systems were also chosenbecause they draw information from the extensive databases both companies have and which are publicly available to answeruser questions.
Understanding and Awareness Among the Czech Public Regarding the Potential Deployment of Biological Weapons on their Territory
Authors: Vojtěch LOYKA  , Pavel OTŘÍSAL
Published: November 2024

This study, conducted in the Czech Republic, undertakes a multidisciplinary examination of public perceptions regarding biological weapons, identifying significant gaps in educational and preventative measures. Although general awareness of biological weapons is relatively high, there is a significant lack of in-depth understanding and knowledge about the specific aspects and consequences of their use. The analysis included a quantitative survey that illuminated the insufficient public knowledge about specific biological agents and strategies for defense and response to biological threats. The study also identified a significant gap in media coverage of this topic, resulting in a low level of public discussion and perceived urgency. Furthermore, the role of educational programs and information campaigns that could significantly contribute to increasing awareness and preparedness for potential bioterrorist attacks was explored. The study recommends intensifying educational activities and integrating the topic of biological weapons into broader security and health education programs. Emphasizing the significance of a holistic strategy toward public enlightenment and bolstering national readiness against biological hazards, this research lays a foundation for con tinued dialogue and measures. It aims to evaluate the level of awareness and preparedness among Czech Republic citizens for potential incidents involving biological weapons, amidst growing attention to biological risks fuelled by geopolitical tensions and advancements in biotechnology. The conclusions of this work highlight the urgent need for deepening national and international cooperation in monitoring, prevention, and response to threats associated with biological weapons, to increase society's resilience against these invisible, yet devastating, threats.
Exploring the Defence Industry´s Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Perspectives under New Security Conditions
Authors: Miroslav KRČ  , Vendula HYNKOVÁ
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore the economic aspects of the defense industry under new security conditions. The paper utilizes data from SIPRI. To address the impact of the defense industry, descriptive and comparative analysis methods were employed. From statistical methods, regression analysis was applied to selected countries for the years 2014 and 2022. GDP per capita, military expenditures, arms exports, and the granting of military licen ses are interconnected. Arms exports, along with issued arms export licenses, can be considered a driving force for gross domestic product growth.
The Role of Mathematics and Physics as Essential Foundations for Future Armed Forces Officers
Authors: František VIŽĎA  , Miroslav KOMÁREK
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the form of teaching physics at the Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence. A good knowledge of mathematics and physics is a prerequisite for coping with the demands placed on future officers of the armed forces. Further, the article presents conclusions that show that mentoring, updating textbooks to a form close to the current generation, and targeted practice of more demanding physics topics together with modernized classroom and laboratory equipment, including extensive use of e-learning, gradually leads to better learning results. This contribution also presents the analysis of students results and the form of teaching physics.
Applications in Engineer and Artillery Support: Mathematical Modeling of Symphatetic Detonation
Authors: Michal ŠVEHLÍK  , Martin SEDLÁČEK  , Kamila HASILOVÁ  , Jan DRÁBEK  , Vlastimil ŠLOUF
Published: November 2024

The work deals with the symphatetic detonation from active to passive charge, which is an area in both engineer and artillery support. The aim of the work is to mathematically model the effect of the active charge on the passive charge due to the variable mass of the active charge and the distance from the active to the passive charge. This modelling is then applicable in all engineer support tasks where explosives are involved. The contribution of the work lies in suggestions for the reduction of firing mechanism and also in suggestions for the establishment of passage lines in obstacles. The calculations become the basis for determining proposals for establishing passage lines in minefields by artillery.
Analysis of the Dependability of Position Lights of Aircraft
Authors: Marcel ŠTĚPÁNEK  , Kamila HASILOVÁ  , Milan PŠENIČKA
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on position lights on the subsonic advanced light combat and trainer aircraft Aero L -159 Alca with an emphasis on the dependability of the position lights. Through long -term operation of the L-159 aircraft and continuous recording and reporting of faults, we are able to perform a comprehensive reliability analysis of lighting elements. Based on such observations, it is possible to create a reliability predictive model for lighting and signalling components, with the Poisson process being employed in this study. In addition, analysis and comparing failure rates can deal with the degree of criticality of the influence of position light failures on air traffic safety. The results of thisstudy are crucial for enhancing understanding and safety measures in the area of dependability of lighting and signalling systems on modern military aircraft.
Phenotypic plasticity of shell shape and growth of mussels to environmental conditions: Mytella strigata in the southeast Gulf of California
Authors: Góngora-Gómez Andrés Martín , Hernández-Sepúlveda Juan Antonio , Isola Tomás E. , Sepúlveda Carlos Humberto , Montoya-Ponce Celeste Osiris , García-Ulloa Manuel
Published: November 2024

The shape of the shell and the development of bivalve mollusks are strongly associated with the action of environmental conditions. The environmental variables, functional parameters of the shell, and the relative growth of Mytella strigata were seasonally (summer 2020 to spring 2021) determined in three locations: Altata Bay (AB), Macapule Lagoon (ML) and El Colorado Bay (CB) from the southeast Gulf of California (Mexico). Shell dimensions (SL: shell length, SH: shell height, and SW: shell width) showed significant differences. ML mussels obtained the highest measurements (SL = 19.12 ± 1.60 mm, SH = 47.67 ± 3.92 mm, SW = 14.92 ± 1.04 mm, and body weight = 7.54 ± 1.40 g). The greatest shell elongation (SH/SL) was observed in ML (2.49 ± 0.13), while CB recorded the highest compactness and convexity values. SH/SL was the most substantial interaction (R2 = 0.67, 0.63, and 0.55 in AB, ML and CB, respectively). The principal component analysis shows three groupings of the biometric indicators and the relative growth of mussels concerning the environmental parameters in each lagoon. The environmental conditions affected the shape of the shell and relative growth of M. strigata in the three lagoons, emphasizing the type of habitat and salinity as the determining factors. The shell phenotypic plasticity of this mussel represents an adaptive strategy of resilience to the environmental factors in each place.
Seasonal variation of bat activity in an endangered temperate forest in the Chilean biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Escobar Martín A. H. , Villaseñor Nélida R.
Published: November 2024

Bats play an integral key ecological role in forests, but there is limited understanding of how their richness and activity vary over time in temperate forests and the effect of habitat variables on these species. Herein we describe the seasonal variation of bat species richness, activity and assemblage structure during the reproductive season in a sclerophyllous forest, an endangered temperate Mediterranean forest located in Chile’s biodiversity hotspot. Additionally, we explored the relationship between bat activity and environmental variables (air temperature, vegetation cover, and proximity to water bodies). Species richness and bat activity varied during the breeding season and exhibited two peaks: spring and summer end, markedly decreasing in mid-summer. During spring, the bat assemblage exhibited greater species richness, diversity and evenness, whereas from the end of summer until autumn, both diversity and evenness decreased. Monthly average air temperatures had a positive association with total bat activity, although there was evidence of a threshold temperature over which bat activity significantly decreased. Canopy cover had a negative influence on the activity of Tadarida brasiliensis and Lasiurus varius, whereas increasing distance to water bodies was associated with a lower activity of T. brasiliensis and L. villosissimus. Our study demonstrates that bat diversity and bat activity vary greatly during the reproductive season in an endangered temperate forest, highlighting the importance of knowing seasonal patterns and evidencing that multiple surveys will improve our understanding of bat communities. This study provides relevant information to aid bat monitoring and conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of central Chile.
A taxonomic revision of Garcinia sections Dicrananthera and Macrostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Ngernsaengsaruay Chatchai , Chanton Pichet
Published: November 2024

Garcinia sections Dicrananthera and Macrostigma (Clusiaceae) is revised for Thailand. Three species are enumerated, i.e., one species, G. thorelii belongs to the section Dicrananthera, and two species, G. nuntasaenii and G. prainiana, are in the section Macrostigma. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, together with notes on distribution, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. An identification key to the species of section Macrostigma is presented. One name, G. thorelii, is lectotypified here. For Garcinia nuntasaenii we recommend a conservation status of Endangered [EN B2ab(v)] and for the other two species (G. prainiana and G. thorelii) a conservation status of Least concern [LC]. A number of vegetative characters and features of reproductive organs, especially the flowers, distinguish the two sections and we enumerate these herein.
A review of the millipede genus Pseudodesmus Pocock, 1887 (Diplopoda, Platydesmida, Andrognathidae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of five new species and notes on its phylogeny
Authors: Nguyen Anh D. , Nguyen Lien T. P. , Korsós Zoltán
Published: November 2024

The platydesmidan genus Pseudodesmus Pocock, 1887 is reviewed within the scope of the Vietnamese fauna. A total of seven species have been recorded in Vietnam including five new species: Pseudodesmus bidoupsp. nov., Pseudodesmus karstomussp. nov., Pseudodesmus ngoclinhsp. nov., Pseudodesmus condaosp. nov., and Pseudodesmus irregularissp. nov. Cytochrome c oxidase I barcodes are provided for these species, and their phylogenetic relationship is discussed.
Green synthesis of high-performance gallium oxide supercapacitor: A path to outstanding energy density
Authors: Alnofiay Jamal , Al-Shahrie Ahmed , Shalaan Elsayed
Published: November 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) powder was prepared by mixing hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2) with pure gallium metal (99.999%) inside a hydrothermal cell. The resulting white powder was subjected to different characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of multiple crystalline phases of gallium oxide, including monoclinic β-Ga2O3, and rhombohedral α-Ga2O3, as well as gallium suboxide Ga2O. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) divulged Ga3+ as the dominant oxidation state of gallium in Ga2O3. However, a lower oxidation state, Ga1+, was also detected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a high degree of morphological diversity with a wide variety in shape and size of powder particles. Porosity measurements were performed to determine the total surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of Ga2O3 powder. The values were found to be 50 m2 g−1, 2.6 nm, and 0.07 cm3 g−1, respectively. Fascinatingly, gallium oxide powder was directly used to fabricate a symmetrical supercapacitor without any binder. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) measurements were performed to examine the electrochemical energy storage capabilities of Ga2O3 powder using 1M KOH as electrolyte. The fabricated supercapacitor demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance of 1176 F g−1, at a current density of 2 A g−1, an energy density of 104.5 Wh kg−1, and a high-power density of 1.6 kW kg−1. Additionally, following 5000 charge-discharge cycles, the supercapacitor demonstrated outstanding capacitance retention stability of 91.18%. The obtained energy density of 104.5 Wh kg−1 is among the highest reported for metal oxide-based supercapacitors. The presence of multiple crystalline phases in the gallium oxide powder likely contributed significantly to the remarkable results observed in this study.
Bifurcations of a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with fear, strong Allee effect and hunting cooperation
Authors: Kong Weili , Shao Yuanfu
Published: November 2024

Considering the impact of fear levels, Allee effects and hunting cooperation factors on system stability, a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model was formulated. The existence, stability and bifurcation analysis of equilibrium points were studied by use of topological equivalence, characteristic equations, Sotomayor's theorem, and bifurcation theory. The sufficient conditions of saddle-node, Hopf, and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations were established, respectively. Numerically, the theoretical findings were validated and some complicated dynamical behaviors as periodic fluctuation and multi-stability were revealed. The parameter critical values of saddle-node, Hopf bifurcation, and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations were established. Biologically, how these factors of fear, Allee effect, and hunting cooperation affect the existence of equilibria and jointly affect the system dynamics were analyzed.
Experiential Learning in Adult Education
Authors: Bayram İlknur
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the foundational contributions of Dewey, Schön, and Kolb to the field of experiential learning, with a focus on their implications for adult education. Dewey's emphasis on experience as the cornerstone of education, Schön's concepts of reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action, and Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle collectively shape our understanding of how adults learn best. The chapter examines how these theories highlight the importance of integrating real-world experiences into the learning process, encouraging critical reflection, and applying knowledge in practical settings. By engaging in experiential learning, adults take ownership of their educational journey, leading to deeper understanding, enhanced critical thinking, and greater adaptability in diverse professional environments. The discussion also addresses how these approaches foster lifelong learning, motivating adults to continuously develop their skills and knowledge in an ever-evolving world.
Skill Spectrum
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Rosmayanti Vivit , Patahuddin Patahuddin , Samputri Salma , Hasbur Heni Safitri , Herlina Herlina
Published: November 2024

This research uses the Skill Spectrum model to examine adult education's multiple proficiency ideas. It explores proficiency theory's theoretical foundations, historical development, important ideas, and its different talents. The study emphasizes the importance of obtaining and assessing competency through a comprehensive literature analysis on cognitive capacity, instructional methodologies, technology's role in skill development, and tailored learning plans. The issues of proficiency assessment, especially in adult education, and comparative and longitudinal analyses to improve skill development are highlighted. This study integrates ideas from cognitive development, motor skill performance, and virtual reality training to provide a comprehensive view of competency, its assessment, and its use in adult learning.
Learning Theories in Psychology From Philosophical Roots to Educational Measurement
Authors: Ozberk Eren Halil
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores how learning theories apply to adult education and the measurement of learning outcomes. It begins by examining the philosophical foundations of adult learning, focusing on theories like transformative and experiential learning that explain how adults acquire knowledge differently from children. The chapter discusses how these theories influence the development of assessment methods tailored for adult learners, including self-assessments, competency-based evaluations, and real-world task assessments. It addresses challenges in measuring adult learning, such as diverse backgrounds, informal learning settings, and varying levels of motivation. The need for flexible and inclusive measurement techniques is emphasized to accommodate the unique experiences of adult learners. Future directions include integrating technology through online assessments and digital portfolios and creating culturally sensitive tools. By linking learning theories with measurement strategies, the chapter aims to enhance adult education and provide educators to support adult learners
Empowering Education Through Teacher-Technology Collaboration
Authors: Luo Zhilin , Wang Yifei
Published: November 2024

The emergence of information systems integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to great changes in education. It provides strong support and guarantees for the education field in adapting to the transformation of the digital environment. As end users and managers of information system and technology, teachers' innovative leadership contributes to this rapid digitalization transformation in education. The current study highlights the leading role of teachers' innovative leadership in the teaching process involving the application of smart learning systems. In the smart learning environment, teachers who practice more innovative leadership improve the engagement of end user learners in collaborative activities and further improve campus organizational culture. This study further presents feasible measures for practicing innovative teacher leadership in class and conducting blended management for teacher–AI collaboration in a smart environment.
10-year-olds reading for meaning? A study of Sesotho Grade 4 learners’ foundational reading skills
Authors: Vaz Maria K.
Published: November 2024

Background: South Africa’s PIRLS 2021 outcomes revealed that learners struggle with comprehension. The reasons for poor reading need to be identified and addressed to stem this challenge.Aim: This study assessed Sesotho Grade 4 learners’ knowledge of simple and complex letter sounds, their oral reading fluency and the relationship to their oral reading comprehension.Setting: Data were collected by testing 103 Grade 4 Sesotho home language learners in five schools.Method: Early Grade Reading Assessment instruments adapted for Sesotho were used, which included simple and complex letter sound knowledge tests and an oral reading fluency test with six comprehension questions.Results: Firstly, the results show that most of the sampled Grade 4 Sesotho learners could identify only 33.01 of the 70 single-letter sounds and 19.52 of 40 complex letter sounds. Secondly, most learners struggled to correctly pronounce single-letter and single-syllable function words with simple letter sounds. Thus, learners could only read 30.54 words correct per minute (wcpm). Lastly, significant positive correlations between complex letter sounds like diagraphs and trigraphs, reading accuracy and oral reading comprehension were revealed.Conclusion: Knowledge of letter sounds is vital for decoding alphabetic languages with shallow orthographies, which follow the phonological route for processing written texts. It facilitates accurate decoding, which is a prerequisite for reading fluency and comprehension.Contribution: There is a need for Sesotho evidence-based and adequately paced phonics programmes to systematically teach the knowledge of letter sounds in the foundation phase to strengthen reading fluency for comprehension.
Altmetric and bibliometric indicators for academic social networks: Academia.edu & ResearchGate
Authors: Adriaanse Leslie , Niemand Cornelius J.P. , Rensleigh Chris
Published: November 2024

Background: E-visibility embodies the online presence of a researcher and their research, the researcher’s discoverability, and the accessibility of the research. Academic social networking tools (ASNT) enable the creation of altmetrics for research within these academic online research communities.Objectives: This article reports on the correlations between e-visibility and altmetric-bibliometric indicators on ASNTs (Academia.edu and ResearchGate) for the Environmental Sciences researchers at the University of South Africa.Method: Altmetric and bibliometric indicators were collected from the ASNTs (Academia.edu and ResearchGate) and bibliometric data from the traditional citation resources (Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), as part of a longitudinal study exploring research e-visibility and altmetric-bibliometric trends. Statistical analysis (using Spearman’s rank coefficient) was conducted on the altmetric and bibliometric data to identify the altmetric-bibliometric correlations.Results: The altmetric-bibliometric spearman correlation results show positive correlations that translates to increases in bibliometrics and altmetrics on ASNTs and citation resources.Conclusion: This study is significant as it concludes that altmetric-bibliometric indicators correlate positively and translate to the increase in research e-visibility and it allows for the enhancement of research and societal impact for environmental researchers within a South African context.Contribution: The findings of this study are beneficial to all researchers aiming at increasing their citation counts and enhancing their research- and societal impact. The main contribution of the study is the identification of altmetric-bibliometric correlations. Recommendations for researchers include well-maintained research profiles on ASNTs and citation resources for the increase of research e-visibility and the enhancement of research and societal impact.
SA physiotherapy: Moving forward with innovation in rehabilitation and the National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Mudzi Witness
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
On optimal transport maps between $\frac{1}{d}$-concave densities
Authors: Carlier Guillaume , Figalli Alessio , Santambrogio Filippo
Published: November 2024

In this paper we extend the scope of Caffarelli’s contraction theorem, which provides a measure of the Lipschitz constant for optimal transport maps between log-concave probability densities in

\mathbb{R}^{d}

. Our focus is on a broader category of densities, specifically those that are

\frac{1}{d}

-concave and can be represented as

V^{-d}

, where

V

is convex. By setting appropriate conditions, we derive linear or sublinear limitations for the optimal transport map. This leads us to a comprehensive Lipschitz estimate that aligns with the principles established in Caffarelli’s theorem.
Topology structure of solution set of fractional non-autonomous evolution inclusions
Authors: Yang Yong Zhen , Zhou Yong
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the topological characteristics of the set of solutions to non-autonomous fractional evolution inclusions. We present the concept of mild solutions for nonautonomous fractional evolution inclusions and prove that the solution set is nonempty and compact. Moreover, when the space is a reflexive Banach space, we demonstrate that the solution set is an

R_{\delta}

-set, indicating that it may not be a single entity.
Towards a Connected Society: Implementation of the 5G Network and its Impact on Social and Economic Interaction in Panimbang District
Authors: Pirdaus Dede Irman , Saputra Jumadil
Published: November 2024

In the era of digital transformation that continues to develop, the implementation of the 5G network is the main pillar for increasing connectivity and accelerating economic growth. Panimbang District, as an integral part of the dynamics of globalization, is positioned to experience a substantial impact from these technological advances. This article reviews in detail the key characteristics of 5G networks, such as high speed, low latency, and large capacity, and investigates their impact on social interactions and the economy in Panimbang District. Apart from that, it also discusses practical steps in implementation, including infrastructure planning, frequency spectrum allocation, and innovative technologies such as beamforming. By bringing Panimbang District into an era of high-level connectivity, it is hoped that there will be a deep transformation in the way people interact and manage the local economy.
Instilling National Awareness in Elementary School Students in Indonesia Through Cartoon Wayang
Authors: Sulistya A Astrid , Hadiaty Y Siti
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the significance of integrating traditional Indonesian culture, particularly wayang (puppet theatre), into modern educational practices to foster national awareness among elementary school students. By utilizing animated wayang cartoons, this initiative aims to connect young learners with their cultural heritage, instilling a sense of pride and identity that resonates with the values of Indonesian society. The paper outlines the methodology of implementation, discusses the results, and highlights the sustainability of such educational programs.
Beyond the Boundaries of Reality: Hyperreality and Post-Truth
Authors:   Budapest Metropolitan University, Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Málik József Zoltán
Published: November 2024

The digital age has fundamentally transformed social interactions, as well as the concepts of truth, identity, and political communication. The emergence of hyperreality, which creates blurred boundaries between reality and digital representations, has sparked a profound cultural revolution. This article aims to provide a framework for understanding the functioning of platform society, where interactions are governed by algorithms and digital data, presenting new challenges for democracy and cultural integrity. The study examines the social and political consequences of these phenomena within digital culture. It explores the impact of online platforms on social structures and the rise of post-truth political communication, where emotions and personal opinions override facts. However, this is not a perverse effect, but rather an unfortunate consequence of the cultural revolution
Az MI által generált beszéd jellemzői
Authors:   University of Arts, Târgu-Mureș, Gyéresi Júlia
Published: November 2024

Success in life is not primarily attributed to cognitive skills. Rather, it is the level of development in social skills that creates real connections, forms relationships, and keeps attention engaged. There are a few human abilities that, for the time being, can still compete with artificial intelligence: our capacity for critical thinking, and our intelligence for dealing with human emotions and relationships. Machines are better at active attention, as they are able to pay attention continuously, without interruption. In our attention-deficient society, this is a fact of prime importance. Speech generated by AI can vocalize written text and segment it according to punctuation marks, but it has not yet mastered the vocal exploration of deeper interpretive connections. Will it be capable of doing so in the future? Let’s examine the vocal characteristics of human speech and draw parallels with the opportunities offered by AI-generated speech synthesis applications! With the advancement of human robots, personal and technological developments will make speech modulations, the creation of individual tone, and the feeding of memories a part of the algorithm in the near future.
The Role of Photojournalists that Cannot Be Replaced by Artificial Intelligence
Authors:   Indonesian Institute of Arts, Yogyakarta, Kurnia Jati Nico
Published: November 2024

The profession of a photojournalist has become an inseparable part of the media industry for many years providing soulful images that can strengthen news and depict actual events visually. Even though the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can create images automatically, the existence of the photojournalist profession cannot be replaced because physical presence at a location can provide dimensions of emotion, human experience, and actuality that cannot be provided by AI. Even though AI can contribute in the form of interesting images, it still has weaknesses in terms of visual reality because the role of photojournalists as sensitive observers of the combination of feeling, taste, humanity, and visual experience will always be relevant and cannot be replaced in the media industry.
A mesterséges intelligencia hatása a fotográfiára
Authors:   University of Arts, Târgu-Mureș, Jakab Tibor
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, artificial intelligence has been present in many fields, including photography, for quite some time. The wider public only noticed the phenomenon and its consequences later. It would be important to start a dialogue about the phenomenon as soon as possible.
How is artificial intelligence transforming photography? Artificial intelligence is a transformative force that makes photography easier and more exciting, but the question is whether artificial intelligence is a boon or a potential threat to photography. I will examine how artificial intelligence is improving photography, how this type of photography is changing the world, and what its evolution is. Many already believe that AI-generated or AI-assisted photos should be tagged to preserve transparency and traditional photography. Others say it limits artistic freedom.
Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool that can be used for good or for bad purposes, just like any other tool. It is vital that we are aware of the potential problems of artificial intelligence and photography and take precautions to ensure that AI photography is used appropriately and ethically. Artificial intelligence continues to develop and, in the future, has the potential to make photography easier, more fun, and accessible to everyone. The future of photography is an exciting mix of human creativity and artificial intelligence ingenuity. Artificial intelligence and photography are no longer separate entities, but partners in a visual storytelling adventure
A questão de Taiwan no contexto das relações Sino-Americanas
Authors: Paulino Luis Antonio
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel e a influência dos Estados Unidos no processo histórico iniciado com a fuga de Chiang Kai-Check para a ilha chinesa de Taiwan, após a derrota das forças nacionalistas do Kuomintang na guerra civil que resultou na Proclamação da República Popular da China em 1949. Desde então Taiwan permanece separada da China, muito em função do apoio militar dos Estados Unidos à ilha.  Manter Taiwan separada da China é parte importante da estratégia dos Estados Unidos para manter-se como poder dominante no Leste da Asia. Para a República Popular da China, recuperar o controle sobre a ilha é um objetivo histórico que visa reunificar o país, que foi retalhado pelas potência imperialistas ocidentais na segunda metade do século 19 e na primeira metade do século 20. Enquanto Taiwan não retornar ao controle de Pequim, a China permanecerá um país dividido.