bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Interacting Partners: An Update
Authors: Mao Li-Min , Bodepudi Alaya , Chu Xiang-Ping , Wang John Q.
Published: January 2022

Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu1/5 subtypes) are G protein-coupled receptors and are broadly expressed in the mammalian brain. These receptors play key roles in the modulation of normal glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity, and abnormal mGlu1/5 signaling is linked to the pathogenesis and symptomatology of various mental and neurological disorders. Group I mGlu receptors are noticeably regulated via a mechanism involving dynamic protein–protein interactions. Several synaptic protein kinases were recently found to directly bind to the intracellular domains of mGlu1/5 receptors and phosphorylate the receptors at distinct amino acid residues. A variety of scaffolding and adaptor proteins also interact with mGlu1/5. Constitutive or activity-dependent interactions between mGlu1/5 and their interacting partners modulate trafficking, anchoring, and expression of the receptors. The mGlu1/5-associated proteins also finetune the efficacy of mGlu1/5 postreceptor signaling and mGlu1/5-mediated synaptic plasticity. This review analyzes the data from recent studies and provides an update on the biochemical and physiological properties of a set of proteins or molecules that interact with and thus regulate mGlu1/5 receptors.
Relationships between Intraocular Pressure, Effective Filtration Area, and Morphological Changes in the Trabecular Meshwork of Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Eyes
Authors: Ren Ruiyi , Humphrey Anne A. , Swain David L. , Gong Haiyan
Published: January 2022

We investigated whether an inverse relationship exists between intraocular pressure (IOP) and effective filtration area (EFA) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) in a steroid-induced ocular hypertensive (SIOH) mouse model and the morphological changes associated with the reduction of EFA. C57BL/6 mice (n = 15 per group) received either 0.1% dexamethasone (DEX) or saline eye drops twice daily for five weeks. IOP was measured weekly. Fluorescent tracers were injected into the anterior chamber to label EFA at the endpoint. Injected eyes were fixed and processed for confocal microscopy. EFA in the TM was analyzed. Light and electron microscopy were performed in high- and low-tracer regions of six eyes per group. The mean IOP was ~4 mm Hg higher in DEX-treated than saline-treated control eyes (p < 0.001) at the endpoint. EFA was reduced in DEX-treated eyes compared to controls (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with IOP (R2 = 0.38, p = 0.002). Reduced thickness of juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) and increased abnormal extracellular matrix in the JCT were found to be associated with reduced EFA. Our data confirm the inverse relationship between EFA and IOP, suggesting that morphological changes in the JCT contribute to the reduction of EFA, thus elevating IOP in SIOH mouse eyes.
Regenerative Neurology and Regenerative Cardiology: Shared Hurdles and Achievements
Authors: Mitrečić Dinko , Hribljan Valentina , Jagečić Denis , Isaković Jasmina , Lamberto Federica , Horánszky Alex , Zana Melinda , Foldes Gabor , Zavan Barbara , Pivoriūnas Augustas , Martinez Salvador , Mazzini Letizia , Radenovic Lidija , Milasin Jelena , Chachques Juan Carlos , Buzanska Leonora , Song Min Suk , Dinnyés András
Published: January 2022

From the first success in cultivation of cells in vitro, it became clear that developing cell and/or tissue specific cultures would open a myriad of new opportunities for medical research. Expertise in various in vitro models has been developing over decades, so nowadays we benefit from highly specific in vitro systems imitating every organ of the human body. Moreover, obtaining sufficient number of standardized cells allows for cell transplantation approach with the goal of improving the regeneration of injured/disease affected tissue. However, different cell types bring different needs and place various types of hurdles on the path of regenerative neurology and regenerative cardiology. In this review, written by European experts gathered in Cost European action dedicated to neurology and cardiology-Bioneca, we present the experience acquired by working on two rather different organs: the brain and the heart. When taken into account that diseases of these two organs, mostly ischemic in their nature (stroke and heart infarction), bring by far the largest burden of the medical systems around Europe, it is not surprising that in vitro models of nervous and heart muscle tissue were in the focus of biomedical research in the last decades. In this review we describe and discuss hurdles which still impair further progress of regenerative neurology and cardiology and we detect those ones which are common to both fields and some, which are field-specific. With the goal to elucidate strategies which might be shared between regenerative neurology and cardiology we discuss methodological solutions which can help each of the fields to accelerate their development.
Changes in the Transcriptome Profiles of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Induced by Three-Dimensional Culture: A Potential Priming Strategy to Improve Their Properties
Authors: Gallo Alessia , Cuscino Nicola , Contino Flavia , Bulati Matteo , Pampalone Mariangela , Amico Giandomenico , Zito Giovanni , Carcione Claudia , Centi Claudio , Bertani Alessandro , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Miceli Vitale
Published: January 2022

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are believed to function in vivo as a homeostatic tool that shows therapeutic properties for tissue repair/regeneration. Conventionally, these cells are expanded in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, and, in that case, MSCs undergo genotypic/phenotypic changes resulting in a loss of their therapeutic capabilities. Moreover, several clinical trials using MSCs have shown controversial results with moderate/insufficient therapeutic responses. Different priming methods were tested to improve MSC effects, and three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques were also examined. MSC spheroids display increased therapeutic properties, and, in this context, it is crucial to understand molecular changes underlying spheroid generation. To address these limitations, we performed RNA-seq on human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) cultured in both 2D and 3D conditions and examined the transcriptome changes associated with hAMSC spheroid formation. We found a large number of 3D culture-sensitive genes and identified selected genes related to 3D hAMSC therapeutic effects. In particular, we observed that these genes can regulate proliferation/differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes. We validated RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR and methylome analysis and investigation of secreted factors. Overall, our results showed that hAMSC spheroid culture represents a promising approach to cell-based therapy that could significantly impact hAMSC application in the field of regenerative medicine.
Historic Timber Roof Structure Reconstruction through Automated Analysis of Point Clouds
Authors: Özkan Taşkın , Pfeifer Norbert , Styhler-Aydın Gudrun , Hochreiner Georg , Herbig Ulrike , Döring-Williams Marina
Published: January 2022

We present a set of methods to improve the automation of the parametric 3D modeling of historic roof structures using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. The final product of the TLS point clouds consist of 3D representation of all objects, which were visible during the scanning, including structural elements, wooden walking ways and rails, roof cover and the ground; thus, a new method was applied to detect and exclude the roof cover points. On the interior roof points, a region-growing segmentation-based beam side face searching approach was extended with an additional method that splits complex segments into linear sub-segments. The presented workflow was conducted on an entire historic roof structure. The main target is to increase the automation of the modeling in the context of completeness. The number of manually counted beams served as reference to define a completeness ratio for results of automatically modeling beams. The analysis shows that this approach could increase the quantitative completeness of the full automatically generated 3D model of the roof structure from 29% to 63%.
In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends
Authors: Cerimi Kustrim , Jäckel Udo , Meyer Vera , Daher Ugarit , Reinert Jessica , Klar Stefanie
Published: January 2022

Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Painful Adductor Pollicis Contracture after Thumb Carpometacarpal Resection Arthroplasty
Authors: Holzbauer Matthias , Großbötzl Gerhard , Froschauer Stefan Mathias
Published: January 2022

Pollux adductus deformity is an accompanying symptom of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. We describe a case of a patient who presented with increased muscle tone of the adductor pollicis muscle and chronic pain in the thenar musculature, i.e., recurrence of an adduction deformity. The patient reported a symptom-free period of 5.5 years after having received resection-suspension-arthroplasty for stage IV thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis until spasmodic pain appeared. Due to the functional impairment of this condition, we administered therapy including 100 units of Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) injected with a fanning technique into the adductor pollicis muscle. Thus, we observed a substantial improvement in the patient-reported outcome measures as well as pain levels compared with initial values. The current case shows the pivotal role of the adductor pollicis muscle when patients report pain at the base of the thumb, which can cause considerable impairments despite the complication-free surgical treatment of thumb CMC OA.
Transcriptional Analysis-Based Alterations Affecting Neuritogenesis of the Peripheral Nervous System in Psoriasis
Authors: Romhányi Dóra , Szabó Kornélia , Kemény Lajos , Sebestyén Endre , Groma Gergely
Published: January 2022

An increasing amount of evidence indicates the critical role of the cutaneous nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic skin lesions by neurogenic inflammation. However, molecular mechanisms affecting cutaneous neurons are largely uncharacterized. Therefore, we reanalyzed a psoriatic RNA sequencing dataset from published transcriptome experiments of nearly 300 individuals. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, we associated several hundreds of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) to nervous system development and functions. Since neuronal projections were previously reported to be affected in psoriasis, we performed an in-depth analysis of neurite formation-related process. Our in silico analysis suggests that SEMA-PLXN and ROBO-DCC-UNC5 regulating axonal growth and repulsion are differentially affected in non-lesional and lesional skin samples. We identified opposing expressional alterations in secreted ligands for axonal guidance signaling (RTN4/NOGOA, NTNs, SEMAs, SLITs) and non-conventional axon guidance regulating ligands, including WNT5A and their receptors, modulating axon formation. These differences in neuritogenesis may explain the abnormal cutaneous nerve filament formation described in psoriatic skin. The processes also influence T-cell activation and infiltration, thus highlighting an additional angle of the crosstalk between the cutaneous nervous system and the immune responses in psoriasis pathogenesis, in addition to the known neurogenic pro-inflammatory mediators.
Modeling Sexual Differences of Body Size Variation in Ground Beetles in Geographical Gradients: A Case Study of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Luzyanin Sergey , Saveliev Anatoly , Ukhova Nadezhda , Vorobyova Iraida , Solodovnikov Igor , Anciferov Anatoliy , Shagidullin Rifgat , Teofilova Teodora , Nogovitsyna Sargylana , Brygadyrenko Viktor , Alexanov Viktor , Sukhodolskaya Raisa
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to test the steepness of body size variation in males and females in the widespread ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius in geographical gradients. Beetles were sampled in 15 regions of Europe and Asia, and sampling territories differed 17° in latitude and 121° in longitude. We measured six linear traits in every captured beetle and formed a data set that included 2154 individuals. Body size variation in all traits in general was sawtooth, both in latitude and in longitude gradients. Regression analysis showed slight trends: in the latitude gradient, elytra parameters increased, pronotum length did not change but the width increased, and head parameters decreased. In the longitude gradient, the changes were as follows: elytra length increased, but its width did not change; pronotum length did not change, but its width increased; the head parameters decreased. Thus, we observed the elytra length increase and the head parameters decrease northwards and eastwards. We compared female and male regression curves (trait size on latitude/longitude): p-levels were significant only in four cases out of 12. Thus, we conclude that, in general, there is no evidence for the steepness in trait variation in males compared with females.
Fluoride Treatment and In Vitro Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Nd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloys Type
Authors: Quan Pham Hong , Antoniac Iulian , Miculescu Florin , Antoniac Aurora , (Păltânea) Veronica Manescu , Robu Alina , Bița Ana-Iulia , Miculescu Marian , Saceleanu Adriana , Bodog Alin Dănuț , Saceleanu Vicentiu
Published: January 2022

Fluoride conversion coatings on Mg present many advantages, among which one can find the reduction of the corrosion rate under “in vivo” or “in vitro” conditions and the promotion of the calcium phosphate deposition. Moreover, the fluoride ions released from MgF2 do not present cytotoxic effects and inhibit the biofilm formation, and thus these treated alloys are very suitable for cardiovascular stents and biodegradable orthopedic implants. In this paper, the biodegradation behavior of four new magnesium biodegradable alloys that have been developed in the laboratory conditions, before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion (and sandblasting) coatings, are analyzed. We performed structural and surface analysis (XRD, SEM, contact angle) before and after applying different surface treatments. Furthermore, we studied the electrochemical behavior and biodegradation of all experimental samples after immersion test performed in NaCl solution. For a better evaluation, we also used LM and SEM for evaluation of the corroded samples after immersion test. The results showed an improved corrosion resistance for HF treated alloy in the NaCl solution. The chemical composition, uniformity, thickness and stability of the layers generated on the surface of the alloys significantly influence their corrosion behavior. Our study reveals that HF treatment is a beneficial way to improve the biofunctional properties required for the studied magnesium alloys to be used as biomaterials for manufacturing the orthopedic implants.
Management of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moady Gassan , Ben Gal Tuvia , Atar Shaul
Published: January 2022

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with multi-organ involvement, including the cardiovascular system. The disease may cause several cardiovascular complications, and may increase morbidity and mortality among patients with background cardiovascular disease. Patients with advanced heart failure are often treated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and represent a unique population mandating multi-disciplinary approach. Several aspects of COVID-19 should be taken into account in LVAD implants, including right ventricular involvement, hemodynamic alterations, thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications, and the psychological effects of social isolation. Patients with VAD and suspected COVID-19 should be transferred to specialized centers for better management of complications. Here, we review the implications of COVID-19 pandemic on LVAD patients with our recommendations for appropriate management.
Decreased Human Platelet Activation and Mouse Pulmonary Thrombosis by Rutaecarpine and Comparison of the Relative Effectiveness with BAY11-7082: Crucial Signals of p38-NF-κB
Authors: Huang Wei-Chieh , Hou Shaw-Min , Wu Ming-Ping , Hsia Chih-Wei , Jayakumar Thanasekaran , Hsia Chih-Hsuan , Bhavan Periyakali Saravana , Chung Chi-Li , Sheu Joen-Rong
Published: January 2022

Platelets play a critical role in arterial thrombosis. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was purified from Tetradium ruticarpum, a well-known Chinese medicine. This study examined the relative activity of RUT with NF-κB inhibitors in human platelets. BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase [IKK]), Ro106-9920 (an inhibitor of proteasomes), and RUT concentration-dependently (1–6 μM) inhibited platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. RUT was found to have a similar effect to that of BAY11-7082; however, it exhibits more effectiveness than Ro106-9920. RUT suppresses the NF-κB pathway as it inhibits IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and reverses IκBα degradation in activated platelets. This study also investigated the role of p38 and NF-κB in cell signaling events and found that SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) markedly reduced p38, IKK, and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation as well as p65 activation in a confocal microscope, whereas BAY11-7082 had no effects in p38 phosphorylation. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay shows that RUT and BAY11-7082 did not exhibit free radical scavenging activity. In the in vivo study, compared with BAY11-7082, RUT more effectively reduced mortality in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism without affecting the bleeding time. In conclusion, a distinctive pathway of p38-mediated NF-κB activation may involve RUT-mediated antiplatelet activation, and RUT could act as a strong prophylactic or therapeutic drug for cardiovascular diseases.
Analysis of Volatile Components of Jasmine and Jasmine Tea during Scenting Process
Authors: Zhang Yangbo , Xiong Yifan , An Huimin , Li Juan , Li Qin , Huang Jianan , Liu Zhonghua
Published: January 2022

Jasmine tea is widely loved by the public because of its unique and pleasant aroma and taste. The new scenting process is different from the traditional scenting process, because the new scenting process has a thin pile height to reduce the high temperature and prolong the scenting time. We qualified and quantified volatiles in jasmine and jasmine tea during the scenting process by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). There were 71 and 78 effective volatiles in jasmine and jasmine tea, respectively, including 24 terpenes, 9 alcohols, 24 esters, 6 hydrocarbons, 1 ketone, 3 aldehydes, 2 nitrogen compounds, and 2 oxygen-containing compounds in jasmine; 29 terpenes, 6 alcohols, 28 esters, 8 nitrogen compounds, 1 aldehyde, and 6 other compounds in jasmine tea. The amounts of terpenes, esters, alcohols, nitrogen compounds, and hydrocarbons in jasmine and tea rose and then fell. The amount of oxygenated compounds of tea in the new scenting process first rose and then fell, while it showed a continuous upward trend during the traditional process. The amount of volatiles in jasmine and tea produced by the new scenting process were higher than that of the traditional scenting process at the same time. This study indicated that jasmine tea produced by the new scenting process had better volatile quality, which can provide proof for the new scenting process.
New Hyperspectral Procedure to Discriminate Intertidal Macroalgae
Authors: Douay Florian , Verpoorter Charles , Duong Gwendoline , Spilmont Nicolas , Gevaert François
Published: January 2022

The recent development and miniaturization of hyperspectral sensors embedded in drones has allowed the acquisition of hyperspectral images with high spectral and spatial resolution. The characteristics of both the embedded sensors and drones (viewing angle, flying altitude, resolution) create opportunities to consider the use of hyperspectral imagery to map and monitor macroalgae communities. In general, the overflight of the areas to be mapped is conconmittently associated accompanied with measurements carried out in the field to acquire the spectra of previously identified objects. An alternative to these simultaneous acquisitions is to use a hyperspectral library made up of pure spectra of the different species in place, that would spare field acquisition of spectra during each flight. However, the use of such a technique requires developed appropriate procedure for testing the level of species classification that can be achieved, as well as the reproducibility of the classification over time. This study presents a novel classification approach based on the use of reflectance spectra of macroalgae acquired in controlled conditions. This overall approach developed is based on both the use of the spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm applied on first derivative hyperspectral data. The efficiency of this approach has been tested on a hyperspectral library composed of 16 macroalgae species, and its temporal reproducibility has been tested on a monthly survey of the spectral response of different macro-algae species. In addition, the classification results obtained with this new approach were also compared to the results obtained through the use of the most recent and robust procedure published. The classification obtained shows that the developed approach allows to perfectly discriminate the different phyla, whatever the period. At the species level, the classification approach is less effective when the individuals studied belong to phylogenetically close species (i.e., Fucus spiralis and Fucus serratus).
Contextualising Youth Justice Interventions: Making the Case for Realist Synthesis
Authors: Sutton Charlie E. , Monaghan Mark , Case Stephen , Greenhalgh Joanne , Wright Judy
Published: January 2022

This article examines the problematic reductionism and decontextualising nature of hegemonic youth justice intervention evaluation and offers a way ahead for a realistic, context-sensitive approach to intervention evaluation in the youth justice field. It opens by considering how the development of risk-based youth justice interventions in England and Wales flowed from and fed into the modernisation and resultant partiality of the ‘evidence-base’, which shaped youth justice practice. It then moves to a critical review of the emergence and continued influence of risk-based interventions and the ‘What Works’ intervention evaluation framework in youth justice. In the closing discussion, this article envisages the potential of taking a realist approach to the evaluation of youth justice interventions to mitigate the limitations of current approaches to intervention selection and the evaluation of their ‘effectiveness’.
Assessment of the Fragility of the Municipal Waste Sector in Serbia Using System Dynamics Modelling
Authors: Jovičić Miloš , Bošković Goran B. , Jovičić Nebojša , Savković Marija , Mačužić Ivan , Stefanović Miladin , Klochkov Yury
Published: January 2022

This research develops a novel methodology for municipal waste management in Serbia, based on system dynamics modelling. The methodology shows how a country and relevant institutions should address complexities in the waste management sector. Waste management is a critical issue globally, which heavily impacts the economic development of a country, including the general quality of life within a society. The designed simulation generates different scenarios of the Serbian municipal waste system for reaching the 2035 recycling rate targets. Methodologies such as the theory of constraints, fragility analysis, and systems dynamics were implemented in the model. The scenarios and fragility modelling were conducted with the system dynamics modelling methodology in the Ventity simulation environment. The designed model has elements of discrete event simulations, system dynamics, and agent-based modelling. Importantly, real-world data for the period of five years (from the year 2016 to 2020) was used in the case study. This research undoubtedly reveals that the informal sector is the key source of fragility to the dynamic system considered. During the considered period, the informal sector contributed 62.3% of all separated waste to the system. Consequently, this research concludes that for the waste sector in Serbia to reach the 2035 EU goals, the existing practice in waste management has to be changed significantly and will benefit from the modelling approach used here. The whole system is highly dependent on the informal sector, which, in its current form, is volatile, unregulated, and fragile to aggressive regulative policies.
¿Puede la COVID-19 avanzar la política social inclusiva? Las transferencias monetarias de emergencia en Centroamérica
Authors: Martínez Juliana , Sánchez Diego
Published: January 2022

La pandemia de la COVID-19 generó en América Latina una triple crisis social, económica y de salud cuyas consecuencias persistirán por muchos años. A la vez, sin embargo, muchos consideran que la pandemia y las respuestas a la que dio lugar constituyen una oportunidad única de consolidar políticas públicas más inclusivas en el futuro. ¿Hasta qué punto es esto cierto? Este documento aborda esta pregunta a través de un análisis de las oportunidades creadas por la adopción de transferencias de emergencia -un instrumento novedoso y popular en toda la región— en Costa Rica, El Salvador y Guatemala. Se trata de tres países distintos en cuanto al nivel de desarrollo de su política social pero donde, a la vez, existe una urgencia común por adoptar políticas más inclusivas que reduzcan los altos niveles de desigualdad. A partir de la triangulación de distintas fuentes (incluyendo debates legislativos, análisis de prensa y entrevistas a actores), describimos las respuestas que se dieron a la pandemia en general y, los programas de transferencias de emergencia en particular. Consideramos los resultados de corto plazo en cada país y profundizamos en los cambios que han podido generar en las narrativas, instrumentos de política y actores estatales de cara al futuro. Este documento de trabajo constituye un aporte a la discusión sobre el concepto de oportunidad en tiempos de crisis en América Latina y en el mundo en general, así como una contribución empírica significativa para la comprensión de las respuestas a la pandemia en Centroamérica, la región menos estudiada de América Latina.
Capacidad de carga turística en los senderos del Parque Nacional Podocarpus sector Cajanuma
Authors: González Bustamante Pavel
Published: January 2022

El turismo se enmarca en los criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social, lo cual implica grandes desafíos en el mantenimiento, conservación y preservación de los recursos culturales, naturales, más aún si esta actividad se desarrolla en áreas protegidas, las cuales generalmente forman parte del Patrimonio Natural de  un  país  y  no solo proporcionan espacio de ocio y recreación sino también su importancia radica en la provisión de servicios eco sistémicos. El objetivo del presente estudio se enmarca en proporcionar una herramienta clave que permita mejorar la planificación de visitación turística de los senderos del Parque Nacional Podocarpus sector Cajanuma; se utiliza la metodología para establecer la capacidad de carga planteada obteniendo así, la capacidad de carga física, real, de manejo y efectiva para cada uno de los senderos de uso turístico en el área protegida.
Validación de eficiencia del baculovirus para el control de pérdidas ocasionadas por polilla de papa
Authors: Arroyo Amaya Jorge Alberto , Jaime Piñas Jesus Antônio
Published: January 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la eficiencia y efectividad del talco viral baculovirus BT, en la  prevención  de daños ocasionado por polillas en los tubérculos semilla de papa, efectividad para el desarrollo de brotes sanos de papa almacenada con perdida racional de peso post almacenamiento en la provincia de Acobamba. El trabajo desarrollado fue científico,  referido  al  almacenamiento de papa semilla, evaluación del  umbral de daños ocasionados  por  la  presencia de polillas, se tuvo una población de 450 tubérculos semilla de papa variedad Yungay. El nivel de investigación fue experimental. Como resultado se obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de daño a los tubérculos semilla, deterioro del tamaño de brotes, menor peso promedio de tubérculos post almacenamiento y mayor población de larvas de polillas en brotes y tubérculos se manifestó desfavorablemente cuando los tubérculos semilla fueron almacenados tradicionalmente, siendo menor los efectos en aquellos  almacenados  con  “Silicato de magnesio hidratado”: Mg3  SiO10  (OH)2 y Talco BT, sobresaliendo los que fueron impregnados con Talco “silicato de magnesio hidratado” la mayor protección ante las polillas fue el color blanco intenso del producto alojado en los ojos y piel de los tubérculos semilla a diferencia del Talco BT. Para finalizar El post almacenamiento (120 días), merma en peso de la semilla tubérculo de papa de 73.33%, para T3 (testigo), 47.78% de Talco BT y 47.21% para Talco “silicato de magnesio Hidratado” que económicamente ocasiona una perdida/ha., de semilla para T3 (testigo) de S/. 1199.93 soles (densidad: 22727 macollos / ha., 1363.62 kg., de semilla tubérculo /ha.
ANALISIS SISTEM MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUBSTRAKSI UNTUK MODEL LALU LINTAS KENDARAAN SECARA REALTIME
Authors: Banjarnahor Jepri , Giawa Well Friend , Simamora Wanda Pratama Putra , Pratiwi Dina , Rahil Rafif , Indra Evta
Published: January 2022

Pengetahuan tentang teknologi visi komputer semakin maju serta sejalan dengan kebutuhan akan sistem yang terkendali secara terus menerus, menyebabkan penelitian di bidang visi komputer akan terus dilakukan. Kebutuhan akan sistem kendali pengaturan volume kendaraan (TrafikPlan) sudah sangat dibutuhkan pada era sekarang ini dikarenakan tingkat penjualan kendaraan semakin meningkat tetapi peningkatan jalan yang tersedia tidak mencukupi. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk membuat sebuah model lalu lintas dengan beberapa metode pada visi komputer hough transform sebagai batas area yang akan dideteksi serta connected compenent labeling (CCL) dalam penghitungan jumlah kepadatan pada area yang dideteksi memungkinkan pengaturan kendaraan menggunakan sistem secara realtime akan terwujud. Penelitian ini mengambil inputan citra berupa video dan akan dieksekusi pada pengujian program dengan tahapan proses dari segmentasi, deteksi tepi, hough transform, eliminasi, subtraksi, grayscale dan threshold, morfologi, dan CCL. Hasil pengujian akan mendeteksi jumlah kendaraan serta persentase kepadatan jalan yang dilalui apakah sepi, sedang atau padat.
Analisa dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Online (E-Commerce) Pada Swalayan Menggunakan Analisis Deskriptif
Authors: Elides Restu , Simbolon Anggie Yola Putri , BR. Simatupang Tio Aenjely , Silaban Suhardi Trisno , Batubara M. Diarmansyah
Published: January 2022

Di era perkembangan yang semakin maju sekarang ini semua kebutuhan sudah bisa di dapatkan dengan cara yang cepat dan mudah dengan teknologi yang dari tahun ke tahun semakin canggih, misalnya dulu jika kita ingin membeli suatu barang/produk, pakaian dan sebagainya kita harus membeli langsung kepada penjual atau toko-toko yang tersedia. Dengan teknologi yang semakin canggih dan ilmu pengetahuhan yang semakin maju sekarang  ini kita tidak perlu susah karena sekarang sudah terdapat toko-toko yang menjual barang yang kita butuhkan melalui internet yaitu dengan cara E-commerce atau yang biasa di kenal dengan toko online. Swalayan Helvetia merupakan supermarket yang menjual kebutuhan sehari-hari dan masih menggunakan sistem manual, Oleh sebab itu penulis ingin merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem informasi penjualan secara online yang bisa menjual barang kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan cepat dan mudah. Rancangan aplikasi ini akan dibuat dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, di mana sistem ini dibuat dengan cara bertahap mulai dari  analisa, desain sistem, pembuatan sistem, implementasi, sampai maintenance, aplikasi ini dibuat agar masyarakat dapat terbantu dengan adanya aplikasi ini masyarakat tidak perlu lagi meluangkan waktu atau susah-susah datang ke tempat langsung untuk membeli sesuatu barang/produk. Tujuan perancangan website e-commerce ini adalah untuk memahami sistem penjualan dan strategi secara online untuk meningkatkan keuntungan dan kemudahan dalam bertransaksi.
YOUTH ENGAGEMENT IN PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING. CASE STUDY OF KUTNÁ HORA (2019-2020)
Authors: Balážová Martina
Published: January 2022

Participatory budgeting (PB) allows citizens to be a part of the decision-making processes on public money expenditure. It increases citizens ‘participation in public affairs, strengthens deliberation and engagement. Active participation can strengthen the role of the citizen, and in addition it can create a common knowledgebase of collective issues and help to prevent and solve power centralisation, leading to a democratic and equal society. In the academic literature, PB is often referred to as “traveling policy innovation”, and since the original case in Porto Alegre, it has taken a path that originated in values such as reduction of corruption and empowerment of marginalized groups. Nevertheless, there is currently a lively academic discussion about PB it lacks a connection of its impacts on youth segment in general. The aim of this case study of Kutná Hora in the Czech Republic, where the youth segment was included into the process. In this case not only students at high schools but also primary schools’ students with organizational help of student’s councils were participating in the budget allocation decision process and such contributed to the innovative and inclusive local government. Paper gives an overview of PB process creation and its structure in Kutná Hora that led to youth engagement on local level (local PB).
Finally in the spotlight: How contemporary learning theory is saving education online during COVID
Authors: Charbonneau-Gowdy Paula , Pizarro Jaime , Salinas Danisa
Published: January 2022

A surge of literature documenting myriad challenges being faced online during the COVID pandemic strongly suggests that e-learning scholarship has fallen short of conveying an understanding of how to build highly effective e-learning spaces. Recent stories from practitioners abound with reports of absenteeism, cameras and microphones turned off, inaction in forums and a general reticence on the part of learners to engage online. Where have we missed the mark in our efforts to have contemporary e-learning theory affect online practice? Scholarship is indicating that the root of the disconnect often lies in the conventional instructional designs being used in these spaces and the teaching, learning and assessment practices they support. In response to such issues, we conducted a qualitative action research initiative to apply an instructional design (ID) model, based on contemporary learning theories and goals, in a teacher education program in Chile. The study took place in 2020 over 2 academic semesters. In this study, we focussed on the impact of these changes on a small group of first-year Pre-service Teachers (PSTs, n=17), experiencing online learning for the first time. Pre and post interviews, an open-ended questionnaire, field notes from self-assessment portfolios and observations of the digital environment were used to collect data. We also draw on two other data sources in the same context: 1) an earlier report of this initiative that focussed on the Teacher Educators (TEs) in the same program (n=4), and 2) survey data collected in a preparatory stage of the action research on the experiences of the greater university student body (n=1,054). Evidence revealed that initially learners’ epistemological views were heavily influenced by the teacher-centric and content-driven pedagogies of earlier schooling. Yet, results also showed that the contemporary learning design framework had positive implications for many students’ social, cognitive, and metacognitive competencies. Clear signs of more active investment in social interactive learning online on the part of the PSTs and of flexible, self-directed behaviours were evidenced. The results of this study provide an empirically based practical solution for connecting current learning theory to practice in online contexts, solutions that could endure even once the challenges of the pandemic crisis are behind us.
Age-related readjustments of caucasian men’s functional reserves in the North
Authors: Аверьянова И.В. , Луговая Е.А.
Published: January 2022

Цель работы - определение доли лиц, характеризующихся отклонениями физиологических параметров от нормативных диапазонов, и формирование паттернов функциональных резервов у подростков, юношей, мужчин среднего возраста и лиц пожилого возраста. Впервые проведена оценка динамики функциональных резервов на основе отклонений от нормативных референсов некоторых показателей физического развития, сердечно-сосудистой системы, биохимического и микроэлементного профиля, а также характеристик основного обмена и дыхания в онтогенетическом аспекте на основе построения паттернов степени напряжения анализируемых систем у лиц мужского пола, постоянно проживающих на Севере. Дан прогноз возрастного изменения изученных морфофизиологических параметров у лиц пожилого возраста. Результаты исследования показали, что паттерны отклонения анализируемых параметров свидетельствуют о нарастании напряжения функций систем в возрастном аспекте. Это проявляется в кумуляции отклонений в виде возрастных изменений показателей физического развития (увеличение ИМТ), сердечно-сосудистой системы (увеличение доли лиц с высоким нормальным АД и артериальной гипертензией по САД и ДАД), нарастания степени нарушений углеводного обмена (увеличение индекса инсулинорезистентности и гипергликемии натощак), возрастания степени дислипидемии относительно липидного обмена, трансформации нарушений микроэлементного профиля (усилении степени дефицита и возрастного избытка химических элементов). Это наблюдали на фоне снижения основного обмена веществ и показателей функции внешнего дыхания у современных жителей-северян старшего возраста.

This study determined proportion of males whose physiological parameters were out of standard ranges and made patterns of their functional reserves to see dynamics in the row of teenagers, young adults, middle-aged adults, older adults. For the first time, dynamics of functional reserves was evaluated based on deviations from standard values existing for physical development, cardiovascular system, biochemical and trace element pictures, as well as characteristics of basic metabolism and breathing in ontogenetic aspect. The evaluation was performed by creating patterns of tension in subjective body systems under the North extremes to make predictive age-related changes older adults morphophysiological indicators. The results the patterns exhibited increasingly dysregulated functioning in the age aspect. That could be seen in age-related stress observed in physical development variables (accelerated body mass index), cardiovascular system (higher proportion of people with high normal blood pressure and arterial hypertension in systolic and diastolic blood pressure), carbohydrate metabolism disorders (higher index of insulin resistance and fasting hyperglycemia), more pronounced dyslipidemia, microelement disorders such as more severe age-related deficiency or excess. Those deviations existed together with worsening in basic metabolism and external respiration function in modern northerners of working age.
Morphological signs of neurogenic inflammation in the heart of rats during aging
Authors: Чумасов Е.И. , Петрова Е.С. , Коржевский Д.Э.
Published: January 2022

С помощью гистологических методов окраски толуидиновым синим, гематоксилином и эозином и иммуногистохимических реакций на белок PGP 9.5, тирозингидроксилазу (ТГ), белок Iba-1, изучены клеточные изменения в разных отделах сердца крыс линии Wistar в возрасте 18- 23 мес. В соединительной ткани основания сердца обнаружены очаговые воспалительные инфильтраты, внутри которых выявлены PGP 9.5 и ТГ сплетения, состоящие из парасимпатических и симпатических нервных волокон. В области клапанного аппарата, на границе фиброзного кольца и миокарда правого предсердия, обнаружены патологические изменения нервных структур - дегенерация нервных пучков и зернистый распад варикозных аксонов терминального сплетения. Установлены тесные взаимоотношения аксонов терминальной нервной сети с клетками воспалительных инфильтратов и кровеносными сосудами. Определены закономерности встречаемости в различных отделах миокарда у старых животных нейроклеточных воспалительных комплексов, состоящих из нервных волокон, кровеносных капилляров и клеток-участников местного воспалительного процесса (тучных клеток, макрофагов, фибробластов, плазмоцитов). Установлен хронический характер нейрогенного воспаления в сердце при старении.

Using histological methods of staining with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical reactions for the PGP 9,5 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Iba-1 protein, cellular changes in different parts of the heart of Wistar rats at the age of 18-23 months were studied. In the connective tissue of the heart base, focal inflammatory infiltrates were found, near which PGP 9.5 and TH plexuses, consisting of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers, were detected. In the area of the valvular heart apparatus, at the border of the anneau fibreux and the myocardium of the right atrium, pathological changes in nerve structures were found: degeneration of nerve fibers and granular destruction varicose axons of the terminal plexus. A close relationship has been established between axons of the terminal nervous network and cells of inflammatory infiltrates and blood capillaries. The features of the localization of neurocellular inflammatory complexes consisting of nerve fibers, blood capillaries and cells participating in the local inflammatory process (mast cells, histiocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, plasma cells) in various parts of the myocardium in old animals are described. The chronic nature of neurogenic inflammation in the heart during aging has been established.
Morphological differences of the fallopian tube ampoule in young and old age
Authors: Баландина И.А. , Некрасова А.М. , Баландин А.А.
Published: January 2022

Работа основана на морфологическом исследовании ампул маточных труб 130 рожавших женщин молодого и старческого возраста. Применены макрометрический, гистологический, иммуногистохимический и микрометрический методы исследования. Выявлены закономерности возрастной морфологической изменчивости ампулы маточной трубы, проявляющиеся в уменьшении параметров их длины, а также наружных диаметров в середине ампулы и в местах перехода перешейка в ампулу и ампулы в воронку от молодого возраста к старческому возрасту. Гистоархитектоника ампул маточных труб у женщин в старческом возрасте характеризуется уплощением эпителия слизистой оболочки, образующей обилие близлежащих утолщенных складок, формирующих неравномерное сужение просвета ампулы. Определяется истончение мышечной оболочки с разрастанием вместо нее соединительной ткани и скоплением адипоцитов в подсерозной основе. В старческом возрасте отмечается более выраженная экспрессия виментина, прослеживающаяся не только в эндотелии и субэндотелиальном слое кровеносных сосудов, включая капилляры, но и в отдельных фибробластах. Установлено, что особенности микрометрических характеристик ампул маточных труб заключаются в уменьшении внутреннего периметра эпителиальной выстилки и площади просвета, наряду с увеличением площади их стенки при срединном сечении, в старческом возрасте в сравнении с молодым.

The work is based on a morphological study of ampoules of the fallopian tubes of 130 young and senile women who gave birth. Macrometric, histological, immunohistochemical and micrometric methods of investigation were applied. The regularities of age-related morphological variability of the fallopian tube ampoule are revealed, which are manifested in a decrease in the parameters of their length, as well as external diameters in the middle of the ampoule and at the places of transition of the isthmus into the ampoule and ampoule into the funnel from young age to old age. Histoarchitectonics of ampoules of the fallopian tubes in women in old age is characterized by flattening of the epithelium of the mucous membrane, which forms an abundance of nearby thickened folds that form an uneven narrowing of the lumen of the ampoule. The thinning of the muscle membrane is determined with the growth of connective tissue instead of it and the accumulation of adipocytes in the subserose base. In old age, there is a more pronounced expression of vimentin, which can be traced not only in the endothelium and subendothelial layer of blood vessels, including capillaries, but also in individual fibroblasts. It was found that the features of the micrometric characteristics of the fallopian tube ampoules consist in a decrease in the inner perimeter of the epithelial lining and the lumen area, along with an increase in the area of their wall at the median cross-section in old age compared with young age.