bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of antibiotic-derived mycobacterial vesicles in tuberculosis pathogenesis
Authors: Davids C. J. , Umashankar-Rao K. , Kassaliete J. , Ahmadi S. , Happonen L. , Welinder C. , Tullberg C. , Grey C. , Puthia M. , Godaly Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) causes progressive and irreversible damage to lung tissue, a damage that may not fully resolve after treatment. Mycobacterial vesicles (MVs), which are poorly understood, may contribute to TB pathology. This study investigated the effects of stress, such as treatment with conventional TB antibiotics rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, or treatment with an antimycobacterial peptide (NZX), on mycobacterial vesiculation. Stress from minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, or peptide all increased MV formation. Electron microscopy and lipid profiling revealed that these vesicles, about 40 nm in size, were released from the bacterial inner membrane and consisted of apolar lipids. Using mass spectrometry, the study identified key differences in MVs protein cargo dependent on the antibiotic used, especially with ethambutol-induced MVs that contained proteins from several mycobacterial pathways. Additionally, toxicology analysis using different concentrations of MVs on primary human macrophages and the monocytic cells indicated that MVs from the different treatments were not toxic to human cells, however induced specific inflammatory profiles. In conclusion, this study identified mycobacterial vesicles to be a potential contributor to tuberculosis pathology.
Distributed network of optically pumped magnetometers for space weather monitoring
Authors: Mrozowski Marcin S. , Bell Angus S. , Griffin Paul F. , Hunter Dominic , Burt David , McGilligan James P. , Riis Erling , Beggan Ciarán D. , Ingleby Stuart J.
Published: November 2024

Spatial variation in the intensity of magnetospheric and ionospheric fluctuations during solar storms creates ground-induced currents, of importance in both infrastructure engineering and geophysical science. This activity is presently measured using a network of ground-based magnetometers, typically consisting of extensive installations at established observatory sites. We show that this network can be enhanced by the addition of remote quantum magnetometers which combine high sensitivity with intrinsic calibration. These nodes utilize scalable hardware and run independently of wired communication and power networks. We demonstrate that optically pumped magnetometers, utilizing mass-produced and miniaturized components, offer a single scalable sensor with the sensitivity and stability required for space weather observation. We describe the development and deployment of an off-grid magnetic sensing node, powered by a solar panel, present observed data from periods of low and high geomagnetic activity, and compare it to existing geomagnetic observatories.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Targeted Drug Delivery Using Biofunctional Coatings
Authors: Bal Tugba , Anjrini Nasma , Zeroual Meryem
Published: November 2024

Globally, clinics are overwhelmed by drugs targeting undesired cells and organs, causing adverse systemic effects on the body. This shortfall in targeting specificity, safety, and efficiency has noticeably contributed to the failure of the bench-to-bedside transition. Activation or impairment of immune activity due to a misdirected drug and its carrier fuels complications, extending the range of destruction which can convert the course of disease into a life-threatening route. To address these great challenges, advanced coatings as indispensable components of future medicine have been investigated over the last few decades for precisely targeted drug delivery to achieve favorable prognoses in the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Complemented by advancements in the pharmacological parameters, these systems hold great promise for the field. This chapter aims to discuss recent progress on new coatings for targeted drug delivery and the parameters for manufacturing these platforms for their cargo based on major determinants such as biocompatibility and bioactivity. A brief overview of the various applications of targeted drug delivery with functional coatings is also provided to offer a new perspective on the field.
Recent progress in gold-derived nanomaterials for tumor theranostics
Authors: Deng Xi , Hu Lei , Xing Hui , Liu Yun , Yin Hong
Published: November 2024

This review aims to present the latest progress of gold-derived nanomaterials in cancer theranostics.
Binary all-polymer solar cells with 19.30% efficiency enabled by bromodibenzothiophene-based solid additive
Authors: Ma Haisheng , Song Jiali , Qiao Jiawei , Han Bingyu , Wang Qianqian , Jee Min Hun , Bu Laju , Wei Donghui , Woo Han Young , Hao Xiaotao , Sun Yanming
Published: November 2024

Two volatile solid additives were developed to modulate the active-layer morphology of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Among them, the 4-BDBTP-treated all-PSC achieved an outstanding efficiency of 19.30%.
Suppressed non-radiative loss and efficient hole transfer at a small highest occupied molecular orbital offset endows binary organic solar cells with 19.73% efficiency and a small efficiency-cost gap
Authors: Kong Xiaolei , Yang Nana , Zhang Xixi , Zhang Jinyuan , Li Zhenyu , Li Xinrui , Wu Yilei , Sun Rui , Li Jing , Li Aoxiang , Min Jie , Yang Guang , Sun Chenkai
Published: November 2024

Two novel acceptors are designed and synthesized, and the PTQ11:PEH-F binary system is highly promising for industrial cost-effective organic photovoltaics.
Integrated microbiome and metabolomic analyses revealed the antifibrotic effect of vanillic acid on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Cen Xiaofeng , Wang Wei , Hong Siyan , Wang Qin , Wang Na , Mo Ling , Li Jingjing , Li Jingwen
Published: November 2024

Vanillic acid (VA) is a natural phenolic acid compound that is widely found in various foods and medicinal plants, with a remarkable antifibrotic effect observed in animal studies, but its exact antifibrotic mechanism remains unclear.
Identification and taste characteristics of novel umami peptides from Yanjin black bone chicken hydrolysates and their binding mechanism with umami receptor
Authors: Ai Yuanyuan , Niu Yun , Fan Yingrun , Wang Xuefeng , Su Guowan , Zhao Mouming , Fan Jiangping
Published: November 2024

Five umami peptides were separated, purified, and identified from Yanjin black bone chicken. Their taste characteristics and the binding mechanisms between umami peptides and the umami receptor were studied.
Isolation, characterization and pharmacological investigations of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus ficuum via experimental and computational techniques
Authors: Shah Zafar Ali , Khan Khalid , Shah Tanzeel , Ahmad Nasir , Khan Asad
Published: November 2024

Fungal metabolites are known for their broad therapeutic effects. In this context, the fungal strain of Aspergillus ficuum (FCBP-DNA-1266) was examined for its secondary metabolites and in vivo activities.
Hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of MoS2 field effect transistors: gas, temperature and photo-irradiation effect
Authors: Al Mamun Muhammad Shamim , Sainoo Yasuyuki , Takaoka Tsuyoshi , Ando Atsushi , Komeda Tadahiro
Published: November 2024

Light irradiation, ambient gas, and temperature all significantly increase hysteresis. Our observations show distinctive hysteretic behavior in MoS2-FET in an oxygen environment at 1 atm.
Adsorption of molecular hydrogen (H2) on a fullerene (C60) surface: insights from density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Tariq , Gill Waqas Amber , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Jamil Saba , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf
Published: November 2024

This study investigates fullerene's (C60) adsorption capabilities for molecular hydrogen (H2) by analyzing its interactions with various random conformations.
Chemical protein synthesis combined with protein cell delivery reveals new insights on the maturation process of SUMO2
Authors: Shkolnik Dana , Dey Subhasis , Hasan Mahdi , Matunis Michael J. , Brik Ashraf
Published: November 2024

Chemical synthesis and live-cell analysis of SUMO2-tail reveal key insights into its maturation process.
The Culture Flex: Advancing Social Justice in Educational Speech-Language Practices
Authors: Scott R. Danielle , Mahowald Megan
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Rooted in Black Language, the authors introduce the “culture flex” as a practice of engaging in social justice work. Social justice is necessary to carry out the vision of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: effective communication as an accessible, achievable human right for all. The purpose of this tutorial is to define and describe a multifaceted conceptual pathway toward social justice–oriented speech-language practices.

1

The authors acknowledge and interweave their positionalities, their own social justice journeys, and educational speech-language practices experiences to explain the “cultural flex” framework as a pathway for enacting social justice.

Method:

This tutorial will explore existing social justice efforts and conceptual frameworks in the educational institution and current speech-language practices, including cultural responsiveness and cultural humility, and then introduce the concept of cultural flexibility and the implications for educational speech-language practitioners (SLPs). Coined in the education literature, cultural flexibility is defined as a propensity to move across racial–ethnic boundaries.

Conclusions:

There is a need for authentic introspection from practicing SLP justice seekers, who are currently working to uproot inequity and replant justice within the discipline. A human rights–centered social justice orientation is personal, and practical guidance should encompass explicit discussions of positionality and the impact on one's implementation of best practices serving for historically marginalized clients. The authors present the “culture flex” as a mindset shift, a way of viewing practice that centers culture as an invaluable asset, involves ongoing self-reflection, and empowers professionals to move beyond the discomfort of racial/ethnic boundaries to a tendency to enact social justice.
Establishing Mentoring Opportunities to Support Speech-Language Pathologists' Ability to Provide Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services
Authors: Boster Jamie B. , Polovick Ann Marie
Published: November 2024

Speech-language pathologists frequently report a lack of instruction, knowledge, and comfort with providing augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services. Although AAC courses are now required in graduate education, clinicians may still require additional on-the-job training to confidently provide AAC services. This article will discuss the topic of mentoring in the field of AAC and provide information about an AAC Competency Program at a large pediatric hospital that relies on mentoring as the primary means to support staff education in AAC practices for children. Components of the mentoring program will be discussed along with future directions for clinical practice and research.
Adaptive constellation scheme for QAM using unsupervised learning
Authors: Jang Yeonsoo
Published: November 2024

This letter proposes an adaptive constellation scheme that uses an optimal constellation according to the signal‐to‐noise ratio. An efficient decision method based on unsupervised learning is proposed to ensure satisfactory error performance of the adaptive constellation scheme. Upon verification, the proposed scheme is found to exhibit improved error performance, compared to the fixed constellation scheme.
Fuel the Future: QIBEBT’s Clean Energy Breakthroughs
Authors: Yang Xutong , Chen Tianju , Chen Song , Zhao Yuzhong , Pang Shuping , Li Xiaojin , Jiang Heqing , Wu Tianyuan , Lv Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

The Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has emerged as a leading force in clean energy research since its establishment in 2006. This article highlights QIBEBT’s significant contributions across various clean energy domains, including biomass conversion, solar energy, hydrogen production, and energy storage. Key innovations include the hydrogenation processes for biofuel production, high-solid state anaerobic digestion for biogas, perovskite solar cell technology, proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, and deep-sea solid-state energy storage solutions. These advancements demonstrate QIBEBT’s commitment to addressing global energy challenges and supporting China’s transition to a sustainable energy future. The institute’s success is underpinned by its integrated approach, combining fundamental research with industrial applications and fostering collaborations between academia and industry.
Innovating for a Greener Tomorrow
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Wanjun , Lu Xinyi , Xiao Yu , Liu Zhongmin
Published: November 2024

The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (DICP) has been involved in energy related innovation for over seven decades. This article highlights DICP’s recent groundbreaking researches in catalysis, chemical engineering, and energy storage, showcasing technologies such as methanol-to-olefins, CO2 utilization, and advanced vanadium redox flow batteries, addressing some critical challenges in energy security and sustainability. DICP’s strong innovation capability has been widely recognized and attributed to the multidisciplinary approach and the deep integration of basic research, applied research and engineering research, which leads to the fast commercialization of the new technologies supporting China’s energy transition and carbon neutrality, and contributing to global efforts in clean energy development as well.
Effect of MF3 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) protein from Pseudomonas fluorescens on ex vitro adaptation and post-adaptation of hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta Planch. ex Miq.) plants
Authors: Sergeeva Kseniia , Nechiporenko Ivan , Popletaeva Sophya
Published: November 2024

The effect of bacterial protein (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) in different concentrations on ex vitro adaptation and post-adaptation of Actinidia arguta Planch. ex Miq. plants of cultivar Geneva was investigated. The results indicating the growth-stimulating effect of MF3 protein were obtained, when applied at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, morphometric indices of above-ground plant development increased almost 2-fold compared to the control, and when used at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, there was a 1.8-fold increase in the root system compared to the control.
Development of methods to improve the technology of reproduction of lemon (Citrus limon L.) by green cuttings
Authors: Kazakov Pavel , Ter-Petrosyants Georg , Akimova Svetlana , Marchenko Ludmila , Zubkov Alexander
Published: November 2024

The paper studies the effect of the form of preparation (powder and alcohol solution) and concentrations of auxin class phytohormone - indolyl-3- butyric acid (IBA) on morphometric parameters of root system development in green lemon cuttings at rooting under conditions of fog. The results of the study showed 100% rooting of Meyer lemon (C. meyeri) in all variants, and also revealed the advantage of using rooting powder with a concentration of 0.75% IBA. At rooting of ‘Novogruzinsky’ lemon variety (Citrus limon L.) 100% rooting ability was detected in all variants except for alcohol solution with concentration of 1.0%. According to the indicators of root system development the advantage of rooting powder with IBA concentration 1.0% and alcohol solution with IBA concentration 0.75% was revealed.
Spring barley is a promising crop in agricultural production
Authors: Lammas M.E. , Shitikova A.V.
Published: November 2024

Spring barley occupies an important place in modern agriculture, offering both economic and environmental benefits, which confirms its importance in the context of food security and sustainable development of the agricultural sector. In 2023, the gross harvest of spring barley reached 27 million tons globally, where the largest producers are countries such as Canada, Australia, and Germany, providing high yields thanks to modern agronomic practices and optimal climatic conditions. In Russia, the average yield of spring barley varies from 2.4 to 3.0 t/ha, with a gross harvest of about 5.5 million tons, and the most significant volumes are obtained in the Krasnodar and Stavropol territories. The prospects for growing spring barley look promising due to its adaptability to changing climatic conditions and its ability to effectively use minimal resources. Spring barley is also a valuable source of proteins and carbohydrates, which makes it irreplaceable in the diet for both humans and farm animals. In general, spring barley is a promising crop for development both in Russia and in the world, and its cultivation will contribute to improving food security and sustainability of agriculture in face of global changes.
The effect of activated water parameters on glucose synthesis during photosynthesis
Authors: Grishin Alexander , Grishin Andrey , Grishin Vladimir , Knyazeva Inna
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the nature of the relationship between the activated water parameters and the efficiency of glucose synthesis of vegetable crops using the example of set onion. It is noted that hydroponics is a method of growing plants in which nutrients can be artificially efficiently supplied to crops in mineral form as solutions. Solutions prepared on the basis of activated water are a new direction of hydroponic technology, which is insufficiently studied today. At the same time, to determine the degree of water activation, along with such indicators as pH and ORP, the activation degree in biology is usually expressed in terms of rН2 index, which is a complex derivative of these two variables pH and ORP, that is, it most fully characterizes the properties of activated water. It is believed that the rH₂ scale varies from 0 to 42. Almost all plants feel comfortable at rH2 25-35. For the experiment, onion bulbs were planted in the amount of 7 pieces for irrigation with a nutrient solution based on non-activated water (control samples) and 7 bulbs for irrigation with a nutrient solution based on activated water. Then, the concentration of glucose Cg was measured using a triple-repeat digital refractometer MA873 for each sample and the average value was calculated for the cases of non-activated and activated water. Throughout the experiment, the same conditions for growth were maintained in terms of temperature, illumination, humidity, gas composition and others affecting the development of the plant, except for the parameters of nutrient solutions. As a result, it was revealed that the nature of the change in Cg when fed with solutions based on activated water at a certain value of the parameter rH2 = 31 has the greatest increase in Cg = 3.51%. At the same time, the measured Cg values at different values of the activation parameter rH2 have a fairly close relationship, as evidenced by a fairly high correlation coefficient between them, equal to 0.73.
Research on An Improved and Set Spiked Cylinder 6A-12M1
Authors: Tuychiev Timur , Turdiyev Hayotbek , Ruzmetov Rakhmatjon , Gapparova Mahfuza , Sharipov Khayrullo
Published: November 2024

The study results on the 6A-12M1 apparatus with upgraded screw conveyor piles are presented in this paper. Studies were conducted on the small-impurity removal apparatus used in the Rishton cotton ginning business. A better version of the spiked cylinder augerwas incorporated into the initial part of the second of the two side-by-side cleaning machines, 6A-12M1, throughout the technical process. Comparisons can be done between portions or the entire apparatus. The research's findings indicate that the 6A-12M1 equipment in the current version has a cleaning efficiency from minor contaminants that is 28.3% lower than that of the new equipment. Additionally, the cotton fibers were grown under production conditions in order to ascertain the impact of the 6A-12M1 small dirt cleaning equipment on the fluffing of the cotton fibers and the impact on the change in the amount of fluffed cotton pieces when these cotton fibers are processed in the UXK small and large dirt cleaning equipment. The research that was done is provided with the results it found. The results of the research indicate that while 28.22% of cotton fibers were blown in the 6A-12M1 cleaner, the amount of blown cotton particles decreased to 11.46% after large impurities were cleaned in the two saw drums and rib modules in the UXK cleaning complex. Meanwhile, 88.54% of the cotton was unspun. Therefore, it was discovered that while cleaning big pollutants in the UXK cleaning complex, the number of cotton particles may be reduced by up to 2.5 times with the presence of two sawing drums and a screen grid module.
The effectiveness of the combined use of zinc, boron, and magnesium on tea plantations in the humid subtropics of Russia
Authors: Velikii Andrey V.
Published: November 2024

It was found that the simultaneous root application of zinc, boron and magnesium against the background of macro fertilizers in the studied period 2011-2023 provided a stable increase in yield. The yield of tea leaves was on average 28% higher than the control (5.9 and 4.6 t/ha, respectively). In favorable years, the studied variant showed a significant increase in yield by 32% compared to the control one. The yield in more difficult weather conditions (spring frosts and summer drought) on the variant of joint root application of elements (Zn+B+Mg) against the background of macro fertilizers averaged 3.9 t/ha, which was 22.3% higher than the control. During these years, one of the key factors determining the productivity of the tea leaf was the amount of precipitation during the growing season (March–September), amounting to 650 mm. The harvesting of tea leaves in unfavorable years took place unevenly, often one of the months of the leaf-collecting period yielded about 50% of the total harvest. The combined use of zinc, boron, and magnesium for the studied period 2011–2023 was economically profitable, a significant increase in the yield of green tea leaves provided a level of profitability of 20%.
Productivity of herbages of different varieties of variegated alfalfa (Medicago varia L.) under inoculation with nodule bacteria (S inorhizobiummeliloti) in the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Kamova A.I. , Stepanova T.V. , Orlova A.G.
Published: November 2024

The research was carried out in 2021-2024 in the conditions of the southern regions of Karelia. The soil of the experimental site is sod-podzolic, medium loamy, (pH — 5.8). The variability of weather conditions in the accounting years allowed to unlock the potential of the studied species. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the formed varietal-microbial systems based on the most adaptive varieties and cultivars of alfalfa to the conditions of the region, with medium-term hay use. The object of the study is variegated alfalfa varieties and cultivars of the breeding of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology named after V. R. Williams Agnia VIC, Pastbischnaya 88, Taisiya, 506 (Lusya) and SGP-387 and a strain of nodule bacteria A-1, provided by the FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology. It has been established that the most adapted to medium-term use for hay (mowing in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering) in the Republic of Karelia are the cultivar 506 (Lusya) and the Agnia VIC variety when inoculating seeds with a strain of nodule bacteria A-1.
Yield of yellow-flowered alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) with the use of the growth regulator Albit, the microbiological fertilizer Sporion and molybdenum microfertilizer
Authors: Dikareva S.A. , Kurenkova E.M. , Lazarev N.N.
Published: November 2024

Field studies were conducted at the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev (Moscow) in 2022-2024, the effect of the growth regulator Albit, microbiological fertilizer Sporion and molybdenum micronutrient on the formation of herbaceous stands of alfalfa of the sickle variety Nizhegorodskaya, alfalfa of the variable varieties Agnia and Taisia was studied. It was found that on medium-cultivated sod-podzolic soil with a pHKCl of 5,4, sickle-shaped alfalfa and variable alfalfa formed dense and weed-free agrophytocenoses. The density of sickle alfalfa in the 3rd year of life was 804-1051 shoots per 1m2, and variable alfalfa was significantly less - 712-947. There was no thinning of grass stands. The participation of variable alfalfa in the harvest for the third year by mowing was 80,5-99,9%, and sickle alfalfa 81,1-97,9%. Sickle alfalfa of the Nizhegorodskaya variety was characterized by high yields, providing an average of 6,4-6,78 t/ha of dry matter over three years. It increased the yield when using Albit, Sporion and molybdenum by 0,25; 0,37 and 0,38 t/ha, respectively.
Role of Tribulus terrestris as an antioxidant against Oxidative Stress Induced by Sorafenib in adult male rats
Authors: Ahmed Rahim Shaima , Shakir Al-Nahi Alaa
Published: November 2024

One of these therapeutic plants is Tribulus terrestris (Tt) therapeutic plants, or their secondary metabolites, have demonstrated a variety of biological benefits with widely varying pharmacological qualities. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the possible protective effects of Tribulus terrestris fruit aqueous extract against hepatotoxic effect of Sorafinib (Sor), an oral anti-cancer drug approved to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that has progressed. Rats were split into four groups: interaction groups, Sorafinib alone treated group, Tribulus terrestris alone treated group, and normal control rats. The extract was administered at a dosage of 300 mg/kg body weight.600 mg/kg body weight was given orally by gavage for four weeks, and 60 mg/kg body weight was given orally by gavage for three weeks. The findings showed that, administration of Sorafinib caused a significant increase in Malondealdehyde (MDA) together with a significant decrease in GSH, GPX, CAT, SOD levels in comparison to negative control. Also significant decreases in MDA levels in Interaction groups and significant increase (P<0.05) in the rate of GSH, GPX,CAT,SOD levels compared to the positive group. On the other hand, Results showed that sorafenib theraby to male rats increased the activity of ALT, AST, and ALP. Tribulus treated rats were protected against Sorafenib induced liver damage by normalizing AST, ALT, and ALP levels. The present study showed therapeutic effect of Tribulus terrestris fruit aqueous extract on oxidative stress Sorafinib induced in hepatotoxicity in experimental rats.
Behavioral Change and Histological Effects of Xenobiotics Exposure in Aquatic Organism
Authors: Ali Abdul Ridha Ahed Mohammed , Idan Mohsin Rusul
Published: November 2024

The present study investigates the adverse effects of exposure to the organic toxicant diazinon pesticide on aquatic organisms, and its potential effects on some behavioral and histological parameters organism tissue. One aquatic organism was selected to estimate diazinon toxicity in Cyprinus carpio fish. The LC50 96 - hours to diazinon was estimated for C. carpio (total n= 72) They were exposed to a range of different Concentrations related to diazinon (60% EC) (0, 6, 10, and 15 mg/L). The LC50 The period was 96 hours when she was found 9.5 mg /L. The fish are exposed to 25% of the LC50 ( 2.37 mg/L). behavioral effect estimated by monitoring experiment each test container was observed for (5-10) minutes, after ending 28 days, histopathology, effect was estimated. The behavioral results in this study were observed in fish (damage caudal fin, hyperactivity to hypoactive, change in skin pigmentation, sinking to the bottom, fish scales falling), when exposed to diazinon. while the histological changes of the fish, we notice a slight change in the tissues, necrosis in some areas, and damage to the intersections that preserve the general histological structure of the muscles as well as the submucosal layer of the largest size when compared to the control group.
Evaluation of Procalcitonin as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Pediatric Infections: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Qasim Salih Mahdi Mohammed , Abdul Hussein Mejbel Fatima , Salim Saaid Tuwaij Nabil
Published: November 2024

This study explores the utility of Procalcitonin (PCT) as a biomarker for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections in pediatric patients less than six years. The study was constructed of 160 clinical specimens taken from pediatric patients (72 female and 88 male) who presented with bloodstream and respiratory tract infections, their CRP result was positive, and on that basis, the doctors prescribed antibiotics for them. The study was performed on those specimens using PCT levels as infection biomarker to evaluate their need to treatment with antibiotic. The PCT levels were divided into 5 ranges: <0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-2, 2-10, and >10. In the female group, the numbers and percentages of patients in each PCT category were as follows: 34 patients (43.59%) had PCT < 0.25, 10 patients (12.82%) had PCT 0.25 - 0.5, 13 patients (16.67%) had PCT 0.5 - 2, 7 patients (8.97%) had PCT 2 - 10, and 14 patients (17.95%) had PCT > 10. In the male group, the distribution was slightly different: 36 patients (43.90%) had PCT < 0.25, 6 patients (7.32%) had PCT 0.25 - 0.5, 17 patients (20.73%) had PCT 0.5 - 2, 4 patients (4.88%) had PCT 2 - 10, and 19 patients (23.17%) had PCT > 10. Regarding PCT < 0.25 ng/mL this category includes 42.94% of the patients, reflecting those with PCT levels below the threshold where antibiotics are typically discontinued and this step was very important because this mean that 42.94% were using antibiotics inappropriately.
Evaluating of aqueous and Alcoholic extracts of (Urtica pilulifera L.) in the hypersensitivity
Authors: Yousif Abed Eqbal , Talib Khshan Kareem
Published: November 2024

This study was devoted to the biological efficacy of the U.Pilulifera aqueous and Alcoholic extract at concentration of 100 mg/kg on hypersensitivity in adult Wiser albino rats induced by Bisphenol compound orally at a concentration of 1 mg/kg, for the period of experiment was 14 days. U.Pilulifera plants leafs were cleaned, the leaves were separated and dried, then well extracted with distilled water (D.W), a powder dissolved in distilled water and orally administered to the animals. Cytotoxicity of all plant extracts of U. Pilulifera used the human healthy blood hemolysis methods were show no hemolytic effect was recorded in all treatments with all extract concentration used. white laboratory rats weighing (168 –180 g) were used in this study were divided to 6 groups for each experiment, three replicates per group with a total of 18 rats for any experiment, and given oral treatment for a straight 14 days. The result showed that animals treated with Bisphenol had a significant (p <0.05) increase in IgE U/ml and Histamine U/ml content. From all the above results, the use of aqueous and Alcoholic extracts of U.Pilulifera plants may lead to the potential development of new treatments and a significant advance in pharmacology.
Studies of aquaculture safety indicators for fisheries management in the Chuy region of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Maatkerimova Zh.M. , Tarasova S.P. , Kaparova E.B. , Osubekova G.T.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the problems of the state of aquaculture quality for fisheries - trout farming in the Chuy region of Kyrgyzstan. The quality of food products is directly related to the conditions of aquaculture cultivation and the state of microbiological indicators. The features and conditions of the creation and functioning of fisheries in the zones of location and water use are shown. The conducted studies on the quality of water and fish raw materials confirm the risks associated with food safety. As a result of monitoring of fisheries, factors have been identified that directly affect threats to food safety, due to exceeding established and acceptable standards for certain indicators of chemical nature and microbiology. During the monitoring, recommendations were given to farmers of fish farms to improve the management of the fish business from farm to fork, in compliance with traceability requirements, regular monitoring of water and fish quality, use and storage of fish feeds, installation of sanitary and quarantine pools in cases of diseases.
Productive qualities of bees of the Central Russian and Carpathian breeds
Authors: Pashayan S.A. , Gizatullina F.G. , Pshenichnaya E.A.
Published: November 2024

The study evaluates the winter hardiness, spring development, and honey production of Central Russian honey bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) and Carpathian honey bees (Apis mellifera carpatica) in the Chelyabinsk region. The research analyzes key parameters of wintering bee colonies, including colony strength in autumn, food consumption, level of chalkbrood disease, and varroa mite resistance. Results indicate that Central Russian honeybees exhibit high winter hardiness and disease resistance, contributing to their resilience during cold winter periods. Despite originating from warmer climates, Carpathian honey bees also demonstrated good winter hardiness, albeit with some susceptibility to chalkbrood disease. Both bee breeds showed comparable spring development, directly influencing overall honey production. Comparing honey productivity data revealed that Central Russian honey bees significantly outperformed Carpathian bees in terms of honey yield per harvesting period. Thus, the study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate bee breeds to ensure successful wintering and high honey productivity in harsh climates, crucial for effective beekeeping in the Chelyabinsk region and similar environments.
The effect of essential oils from the coriander and fennel fruits on the weight and hematological parameters of piglets during the rearing period
Authors: Volchenkov Yuri , Ostrenko Konstantin
Published: November 2024

The article presents data on the study of weight and hematological parameters of piglets in the post-weaning period against the background of the use of coriander and fennel essential oils. The physiological experiment was carried out on 15 crossbreed young hogs (F1:(D*L)) with an initial live weight of 11.95-12.56 kg at the age of 45 days. The duration of the experiment is 80 days. The inclusion of fennel and coriander essential oils in the diet made it possible to increase the average daily gain by 4.45-6.23%. Morphological parameters of blood increased in growing young animals: erythrocytes by 1.46-2.93%, hemoglobin by 7.86-8.71%.
Assessment of aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation at the carbon landfill sites of the Chechen state university named after A.A. Kadyrov on the territory of the city of Grozny
Authors: Iriskhanova Z.I. , Bekmurzayeva R.H.
Published: November 2024

Carbon exists as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and makes up about 0.04% of the atmosphere. In the recent past, it has attracted a lot of attention as a greenhouse gas because it can affect the world climate model. Anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, deforestation, forest degradation and the burning of fossil fuels have caused an increase in atmospheric carbon levels and disrupted the global carbon cycle. The climate change expert group has identified five carbon pools of the terrestrial ecosystem that include biomass, namely aboveground biomass, underground biomass, debris, woody debris, and soil organic matter. Among all carbon pools, aboveground biomass makes up the bulk of the carbon pool.
Assessment of restraining factors in financing climate transition programs for agricultural organizations
Authors: Tarasova Alina S. , Fedota Anna A. , Usanov Alexander Yu. , Babanskaya Anastasia S.
Published: November 2024

Agriculture is fraught with numerous risks that can lead to bankruptcy for agricultural enterprises and hinder the climate transition. It is possible to increase the volume of financing for climate transition programs if you understand the level of financial stability of enterprises and correctly assess the risk factors that hinder sustainable development. This research focuses on evaluating the ability of agricultural enterprises to finance climate transition programs. The article examines quantitative indicators of the financial condition and performance efficiency of the agro-industrial complex industry and the largest agricultural enterprises for 2015 and 2023. By using comparative analysis methods and official statistics data, we arrive at a conclusion regarding the main problems associated with the risks of insolvency and reduced financial stability, the prerequisites for the financial insolvency of agricultural enterprises, and the increasing burden on the budget system due to the measures of state support. The livestock industry demonstrates poorer performance than the crop production industry. We propose to use economies of scale and form mixed farms, combining crop farming with livestock farming. This will help reduce negative risk factors and ensure financing for climate transition programs.
Innovation as a factor in successful rural development
Authors: Golovina S.G. , Abilova E.V. , Golovikhin S.A. , Kuznetsova A.R.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a study devoted to key aspects of the development of rural areas and the agricultural sector of the economy, which are innovative in nature and directly affect the country’s food security in the context of modern challenges and threats. The purpose of the study comes down to the specification of the most important innovations (including digital ones), which are, in fact, necessary prerequisites for achieving local security in terms of, firstly, providing the population with affordable, high-quality and healthy food products, and secondly, the implementation of social and environmental challenges in rural regions. The tasks set to achieve the goal formulated in the work were solved through the use of research methods such as comparative analysis of existing theoretical research in this direction, assessment of the effectiveness of international and domestic practices, as well as relevant political initiatives, forecasting promising trends in the innovative development of the rural economy and rural areas taking into account the existing internal potential and external factors. Important scientific generalizations that have both theoretical and practical significance include the conclusions that (1) the dynamic development of the agricultural sector of the economy in the unfavorable circumstances of climate change and deteriorating geopolitical situation is possible through the active implementation of organizational and technological innovations (including digital) , (2) social innovation and digitalization are important for providing the rural population with essential social and ecosystem services, (3 all types of innovations (technological, social, organizational) are of high importance for the effective involvement of the rural population in the management of local development.
Digitalization Tools for Providing Food Security of a State
Authors: Denisovich Veronika , Majorov Andrey , Kravchenko Irina , Dmitrieva Anna , Petrov Pavel , Kokanov Nikolay
Published: November 2024

The research objective is to identify the most promising areas of digitalization in the field of food security in Russia. The methodological basis of the study is comparative analysis. It was used to determine the consequences of the use of digital technologies in various areas based on 2021 statistical data. Results. The author defined the Russian model of digitalization for ensuring food security of Russia, revealing the most promising areas of digitalization of agriculture in Russia: financial settlements in electronic form, access to databases via the Internet, and electronic document management systems. The research prospects are related to the specification of economic returns from each of the areas of digitalization in Russia, seen from the viewpoint of food security and quantitative measurement. The empirical value of the revealed prospects of improving digitalization in the sphere of food security is explained by the fact that the orientation of state regulators of the economy towards it will ensure the maximum use of the potential for strengthening food security in Russia in 2030-2031.
Environmental criteria when assessing the effectiveness of projects and development programs: Ensuring sustainability and economic security
Authors: Abdulkadyrov Arsen , Semenova Liliya , Suleymanova Tamila
Published: November 2024

Currently, the study of environmental criteria when assessing the effectiveness of development projects and programs has deep relevance in the modern environment of sustainable development discourse. At its core, the theme is a cross-cutting issue where environmental imperatives converge with socio-economic needs, embodying the imperative to combine environmental protection with economic prosperity. Understanding the environmental criteria embedded in project evaluation is critical because of the inherent interdependencies between human activities and ecological systems. Moreover, the study of environmental criteria contributes to a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of sustainability, outlining pathways towards sustainable and regenerative development trajectories. Sustainable development depends on reconciling environmental integrity with socio- economic progress, which requires the adoption of holistic approaches that go beyond simple mitigation of environmental impacts. By clarifying environmental thresholds and tipping points associated with development projects and programs, integrating environmental criteria facilitates the identification of sustainability bottlenecks and the formulation of adaptive management strategies.
The influence of environmental factors on the health of students: Analysis of environmental quality in educational institutions
Authors: Mustafina Bakytgul , Arbuzova Elena
Published: November 2024

The health status of students largely depends on the quality of the environment in educational institutions, but this connection often remains underestimated. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the quality of the environment in educational institutions and its impact on the physical and psychological health of students. Initially, various aspects of the environment in educational institutions are assessed, including air quality, water quality, sanitation and hygiene conditions, as well as noise and pollution levels. This analysis identifies key problem areas where improvements need to be taken. Next, the relationship between environmental quality and student health is explored. This includes assessing the impact of the environment on physical health, such as allergies, respiratory diseases, as well as psychological health, such as stress levels and overall mental well- being. Finally, possible strategies for improving environmental quality in educational institutions are discussed to improve student health and create a positive educational environment.
Food Security in the Far East: New Approaches to Solving the Problem
Authors: Yakovenko Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

The implementation of the socio-economic development programme of the Far East sets tasks to increase the permanent population of the Russian Far East. This problem cannot be solved without a corresponding increase in the food supply of the macro-region. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to modernize the system of food supply of the Far Eastern territories, taking into account external threats. The article examines approaches to agricultural development and solving the problem of food security in the Far Eastern regions of Russia. The author considers the potential for the permanent population of the Far East to produce enough food for self-sufficiency and assesses the impact of preferential regimes on agricultural development and food security. The author analyzes the current regulatory acts and the results of their implementation, on the basis of which he evaluates the effectiveness of public policy in modern conditions and proposes recommendations for solving the problem.
Referral programs as a referral recruiting tool
Authors: Aleksandrova N.A. , Aleksandrov V.A. , Kukhar V.S. , Salikhova M.N. , Kazantseva N. K.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the practice of developing and using referral programs that activate and streamline the use of referral recruiting. The purpose of this study is to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and features of the content of referral programs as a tool for attracting staff, formulate an algorithm for their development and criteria for evaluating their effectiveness. The study was conducted in the first quarter of 2024 at a large industrial enterprise in Yekaterinburg with more than 5000 employees. According to the study, more than a third of the available vacancies in 2023 at the analyzed enterprise were closed on the recommendations of their employees, as well as former employees. Nevertheless, the potential of the referral program has not been fully realized due to the lack of its integration with other digital recruiting tools and the weak involvement of factory employees in it. The authors have proposed a number of personnel solutions to improve the effectiveness of referral recruiting in the enterprise.
Progress of the electron cyclotron resonance heating system and the related experiments on J-TEXT
Authors: Xia Donghui , Chen Xixuan , Li Jingtao , Wang Ruomu , Zheng Wei ,   J-TEXT team
Published: November 2024

To augment the capabilities of the J-TEXT tokamak, efforts were undertaken in 2017 to commence the construction of an electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. A significant milestone was achieved in 2019 when the successful operation took place using this 105 GHz ECRH system. The system consists of components including the gyrotron from GYCOM, a transmission line spanning approximately 30 meters, and a quasi-optical launcher equipped with an elliptical mirror and movable flat mirror. Another identical system was deployed in 2023 for experimental purposes. Notably, modifications were made to the launcher to support the injection of two beams. Various experiments have been conducted utilizing this system including assisted plasma start-up, control methods for tearing mode, and observations involving toroidal injection of electron cyclotron wave (ECW), etc.
Upgradation of 82.6GHz ECRH system for SST-1 and Aditya-U
Authors: Shukla Braj Kishore , Patel Jatin , Patel Harshida , Mistry Hardik , Purohit Dharmesh , Parmar K.G. , Tai Evgeny , Soluyanova E. , Khailov I.P. , Bakulin M.I.
Published: November 2024

In SST-1 and Aditya-U Tokamaks, two ECRH systems (42GHz-500kW and 82.6GHz-200k) are used to carry out various experiments related to ECRH assisted plasma start-up and heating at fundamental and second harmonic. The SST-1 tokamak is operated at 1.5T magnetic field and 42GHz ECRH system has been extensively for plasma start-up and heating. The 82.6GHz ECRH could not be used thoroughly due limitation in power as 200kW power is not enough for breakdown in SST-1 at second harmonic. The original 82.6GHz-200kW ECRH system is being upgraded in terms of ECRH power to carry out experiment at higher power. The 82.6GHz-200kW Gyrotron has been upgraded to 400kW power. The Gyrotron has been tested successfully at factory and delivers 400kW power at 48kV cathode voltage and draw around 20A cathode current, the efficiency of Gyrotron is around 42%. The 82.6GHz Gyrotron will be commissioned at IPR and the total ECRH power 0.9MW (0.5MW at 42GHz and 0.4MW at 82.6GHz) will facilitate to carry out ECR heating experiments simultaneously at fundamental and second harmonic. The paper presents the recent test results of 82.6GHz-400kW Gyrotron and discusses the experimental plan with upgraded ECRH system.