bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic models of population growth
Authors: Pichór Katarzyna , Rudnicki Ryszard
Published: December 2024

We considered three types of stochastic models of a single population growth: with diffusion-type noise; with parameters replaced by stochastic processes; and with random jumps describing a sudden decrease in population size. We presented methods for studying stochastic processes modeling population growth, in particular, the long-time behavior of sample paths and their distributions. We were especially interested in the asymptotic stability of the density of the distributions of these processes. We gave biological interpretations, examples, and numerical simulations of theoretical methods and results.
Differential protective effects of Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio on electronic cigarette, depression, and obesity of Black and White Americans
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: December 2024

Background

The Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio (FIPR) is a recognized indicator of socioeconomic status, and influences a wide range of health and behavioral outcomes. Yet, marginalized and racialized groups, particularly Black individuals, may not reap comparable health benefits from their socioeconomic advancements as their non-Hispanic, White counterparts. This discrepancy is indicative of a phenomenon known as the minorities' diminished returns.

Aims

This study investigates the differential impact of the FIPR on depression, obesity, tobacco use, and e-cigarette use between Black and White adults.

Methods

Using data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which included 21,354 non-Hispanic adults from both White and Black racial groups, this research employed structural equation modeling to assess the relationship between the FIPR and health outcomes, including depression, obesity, and e-cigarette use.

Results

The analysis identified significant interactions between FIPR and race across all the examined outcomes. Contrary to expectations, the findings suggest that the protective effects of higher income levels on health and healthy behaviors are less pronounced for Black individuals compared to White individuals.

Conclusion

The study underscores the substantial societal and environmental barriers that hinder Black families and individuals from converting their FIPR and socioeconomic resources into concrete health benefits, such as an enhanced mental and physical well-being. To redress these racial health disparities, targeted interventions are crucial, particularly those that focus on bridging the employment and marriage rate gaps caused by educational disparities among Black communities. A comprehensive approach that extends beyond simple access to education is imperative to eliminate the societal obstacles that limit the socioeconomic benefits for Black populations.
Stories of taking part in Everyday Life Rehabilitation - A narrative inquiry of residents with serious mental illness and their recovery pathway
Authors: Aguiar Rosaline Bezerra , Lindström Maria
Published: December 2024

Context and purpose

Persons enduring serious mental illness (SMI) and living in supported housing facilities often receive inadequate care, which can negatively impact their health outcomes. To address these challenges, it is crucial to prioritize interventions that promote personal recovery and address the unique needs of this group. When developing effective, equitable, and relevant interventions, it is essential to consider the experiences of persons with an SMI. By incorporating their perspectives, we can enhance the understanding, and thereby, the design and implementation of activity- and recovery-oriented interventions that promote health, quality of life, and social connectedness in this vulnerable population. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the stories of participants partaking in Everyday Life Rehabilitation and how they make sense of their engagements in everyday life activities and their recovery processes.

Methods

Applying a narrative analysis, this study explores the stories of seven individuals with an SMI residing in Swedish supported housing facilities, participating in the Everyday Life Rehabilitation (ELR) program during six months, and how they retrospectively make meaning of their engagement in everyday life activities and recovery processes.

Findings

The participants' stories about their rehabilitation and personal recovery pathways elucidate how the inherent power of the activity, as well as the support the participants received to get started and succeed, had a significant impact on their self-identity, confidence, motivation, mattering, life prospects, and vitality. The participants valued the transparent steps along the process, weekly meetings, the signals, beliefs, and feedback communicated throughout, and the persistent, adaptive, and yet supporting approach in their personal progress.

Significance

This study underscores the need for interventions that prioritize meaningful activities and are sensitive to the complexity of the personal recovery process, especially in supported housing facilities. Future research should further explore effective strategies and mechanisms to promote personal recovery and to reduce the stigma associated with SMI.
Verso la digitalizzazione del modulo venatorio dell’ALS (Atlante Linguistico della Sicilia). Storia e fasi di lavoro di un progetto in fieri
Authors: Di Naro Antonio , Vermiglio Ivana
Published: December 2024

Il presente contributo ha l’obiettivo di tracciare una panoramica degli studi condotti sul modulo venatorio dal gruppo di ricerca dell’Atlante Linguistico della Sicilia (ALS), all’attivo presso il Centro di studi filologici e linguistici siciliani. Dopo una descrizione in merito alla modulazione dell’ALS e alla struttura del suo sistema informativo basato sull’Archivio delle Parlate Siciliane, il testo propone una rapida rassegna degli studi sul lessico venatorio in Sicilia, dalle origini fino ai giorni nostri. Presenta inoltre lo strumento del Vocabolario-atlante, il quale risulta portatore di una visione linguistica rinnovata, poiché in grado di conciliare la prospettiva geolinguistica e quella lessicografica. La seconda parte del contributo si incentra invece sui rapporti di collaborazione tra VerbaAlpina e l’ALS, il cui frutto è il sito ALS on line: si presentano le fasi di lavoro, di caricamento e di realizzazione della piattaforma digitale e le sue modalità di consultazione. Infine, si espongono le sezioni concettuali del lessico venatorio e i nuovi auspicati apporti e approcci digitali in fase di realizzazione (VAMS).
O erre retroflexo no espaço dialetal de cametá no estado do Pará
Authors: Razky Abdelhak , Fernandes de Lima Alcides
Published: December 2024

Pretende‑se nesse trabalho analisar o /r/ posvocálico no espaço diatópico brasileiro com enfoque particular na realização retroflexa na cidade de Cametá no estado do Pará, norte do Brasil. A análise parte de uma visão geossociolinguística (Razky, 1998, Lima et al. 2020) que integra a metodologia da dialetologia urbana seguindo a orientação laboviana (Labov, 1972). Após uma coleta de dados no espaço geográfico de Cametá-Pará, organizou‑se um banco de dados fonéticos contextualizados representando 2.608 ocorrências do /r/ posvocálico, proveniente da fala de 42 informantes estratificados por idade, sexo, escolaridade e renda. Para este trabalho, foram considerados apenas quatro grupos de fatores: três sociais (idade, sexo e renda) e um linguístico (vogal precedente). Esses grupos de fatores foram selecionados, no STEP-UP do programa VARBRUL (Pintzuk, 1988), como os mais atuantes no condicionamento da variante retroflexa. Os resultados do espaço dialetal de Cametá mostram algo novo em relação ao surgimento gradual da variante retroflexa devido as mudanças populacionais do norte e interinfluências de lectos provindos de outras rotas diatópicas no cenário brasileiro.
Comment désigner la mort cette ?
Authors: d’Huy Julien
Published: December 2024

Il est aujourd’hui possible de reconstruire avec des probabilités élevés certains récits antérieurs aux premières sorties d’Afrique. L’intérêt de ces reconstructions pour la linguistique historique a été peu interrogé. Pourtant, l’énonciation de tels mythes implique l’usage de certains traits grammaticaux, dont je montrerai que la diffusion correspond à celle des récits reconstruits et peut être expliqué de manière identique. Il devient alors possible d’élargir les approches traditionnelles en linguistique et en mythologie, et d’en proposer la synthèse sous forme d’une mytholinguistique, ce qui permettra de renforcer et de préciser la reconstruction des univers mentaux des premiers Homo sapiens.
La transmission française de la méthode de débourrage de Jordanus Rufus (xiiie-xvie siècles)
Authors: Vo Van Qui Camille
Published: December 2024

La seule méthode originale de débourrage existant pour l’Europe occidentale du bas Moyen Âge se trouve dans les premiers chapitres du De medicina equorum (circa 1250) de Jordanus Rufus. Sept traductions en moyen français de ce texte existent, datant du XIIIe au XVIe siècles. Les variations qu’elles présentent reflètent une adaptation de la méthode en fonction des types de chevaux à laquelle elle était appliquée, destriers ou simples roncins. C’est en raison de son adaptabilité que cette méthode, reposant sur les expérimentations de son auteur, sur ses connaissances scientifiques et sur une multitude de traditions équestres aujourd’hui disparues, a traversé les siècles.
Investigación de intervenciones en salud poblacional
Authors: Alla François , Cambon Linda , Ridde Valéry
Published: December 2024

En la investigación en salud, los enfoques biomédicos y epidemiológicos no permiten comprender la complejidad de las intervenciones en salud poblacional. Sin embargo, es esencial estudiarlas con enfoques adaptados a su complejidad, a la pluralidad de sus mecanismos y a la diversidad de actores y contextos locales. Este es el objetivo de la investigación en salud poblacional (IISP), de la que este libro ofrece una primera síntesis en lengua francesa.Mediante una clarificación conceptual y metodológica y una ilustración con numerosos ejemplos de todo el mundo, los autores se proponen responder a una necesidad de formación de los investigadores y, en general, de los actores de la salud sobre este enfoque científico, abordando las cuestiones esenciales de eficacia, equidad, pertinencia, implementación o escalamiento.
Des poussières du désert
Authors: l’Her Gwendoline
Published: December 2024

Lorsqu’une tempête s’abat sur le désert du Sahara, des poussières sont mises en suspension dans l’atmosphère. Il arrive que certaines d’entre elles traversent le globe. De l’autre côté de la Méditerranée, leur arrivée affole les stations de mesure de particules fines et rend inefficaces les modèles de prévision. Comment élaborer alors le bulletin d’information quotidien de la qualité de l’air ? Cet article rend compte de l’expérience médiée des prévisionnistes de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, dont le travail ne s’arrête pas à comparer la concentration des polluants aux seuils réglementaires. La prévision est en effet guidée par une exigence de cohérence, d’indépendance et de crédibilité.
Les traités entre le Fuuta-Tooro et Saint-Louis : commerce, taxes et sécurité à l’intersection (1785-1808)
Authors: Sene Cheikh
Published: December 2024

Entre la fin officielle de la première occupation anglaise du Sénégal en 1783, marquée par le traité de Versailles, et la seconde occupation anglaise de Saint-Louis en 1809, la France conclu trois traités avec le royaume du Fuuta-Tooro. L’objectif de ces accords était de relancer le commerce, de garantir la liberté et la sécurité des commerçants français, et de résoudre la question des coutumes et taxes. En 1776, le Fuuta-Tooro connaît une révolution théocratique et refuse de se soumettre à la tutelle de Saint-Louis. Cette résistance visait à défendre l’un des principes fondamentaux de la révolution : l’interdiction du commerce des captifs, tout en continuant à percevoir ses taxes. Ainsi, la souveraineté du Fuuta-Tooro se heurtait à la pression exercée par l’autorité française de Saint-Louis, désireuse de poursuivre ses activités commerciales dans la région en toute liberté. Les trois traités signés en 1785, 1802 et 1806 entre la France et le Fuuta-Tooro se ressemblaient et connurent tous des échecs, chaque partie cherchant à protéger ses intérêts.
Conflict, Defensive Sites and Oral Tradition: A History of Settlement in Atauro
Authors: Guillaud Dominique , Galipaud Jean-Christophe , Lopes Eustorgio da Silva Pereira , Cruz Francisco Moniz da , Soares Joanita do Rêgo , Abi Leandro Aristides da Rosa , Silva Romeo Soares da
Published: December 2024

Defensive sites are particularly numerous in a small island such as Atauro. Their location and survey give a glimpse of the diversity of their configurations: from naturally defensive sites that were barely arranged, to forts displaying several successive walls. The oral information given by the population provides insights on the historical contexts of the construction of these sites, on their current place in the landscapes and territories, and help understand the conflicts of pre-colonial times, which have shaped the current social and political landscapes. This approach at the scale of Atauro is ultimately confronted with the data on the development of defensive structures in the cultural area, providing a glimpse of the last phases of the islandʼs settlement.
Récits, territoires et droits fonciers à Atauro (Timor-Est)
Authors: Guillaud Dominique
Published: December 2024

Les mythes d’origine des sociétés d’Atauro, au fondement de l’ordre politico-territorial de l’île, s’incarnent dans des éléments saillants du paysage insulaire. À une autre échelle, pour légitimer son territoire, chacun des clans qui composent la société d’Atauro énonce un itinéraire et une généalogie, ancrés à un lieu d’origine précis par une alliance avec des non humains. L’article examine la façon dont le territoire est structuré par la narration de ces mythes et de ces itinéraires claniques et dont il évolue, notamment par le biais des alliances matrimoniales et des conflits. Il évoque les contextes dans lesquels ce corpus de savoirs est convoqué et comment il sert les intérêts des groupes locaux, comment il est transmis, mais aussi comment il est menacé, en particulier par l’Église et le développement.
O palhaço e o capeta: a construção identitária de dentistas e crianças-pacientes elaborada pela Revista de La Federación Odontológica Colombiana
Authors: Oliveira Iranilson Buriti de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a Revista de La Federación Odontológica Colombiana, mais precisamente um artigo publicado em 1956 sobre a relação entre odontopediatras e crianças-pacientes. A partir de um conjunto de dez ilustrações elaborado pela Revista, analiso como as crianças, no gabinete dentário, elaboraram identidades para os dentistas e como estes representaram os diversos tipos de crianças-pacientes. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo estabeleceu um diálogo com os conceitos de representação, identidade e diferença e com teóricos como Michel Foucault e Roger Chartier. Portanto, ao colocar em circulação as diferentes representações dos odontopediatras e das crianças no gabinete dentário, a Revista operou com uma teia de relações que envolveu os profissionais e seus pacientes, os pacientes e sua família, bem como os códigos culturais que circulavam socialmente na Colômbia na década de 50 do século XX.
A comemoração à mostra: as exposições dos 500 anos da Reforma Protestante no Brasil em 2017
Authors: Rodrigues João Paulo
Published: December 2024

Ao longo de 2017, foram celebrados os 500 anos da Reforma Protestante. No Brasil, entre outras atividades comemorativas, uma gama variada de exposições seria lançada, de mostras locais a itinerantes, de exibições organizadas por igrejas de confissões distintas a empreendidas por instituições públicas e privadas. Que exposições eram essas, afinal? Por que a imagem da Reforma foi tão requisitada e em mostras tão diferentes em 2017? Emanaria tal interesse das mudanças vividas no campo religioso brasileiro de então? Para discutir essas questões, o artigo toma como fontes principais sites e banners das exibições montadas, priorizando o estudo de dois casos em particular, por meio dos quais um universo mais complexo se descortina. Argumenta-se, assumindo como principal referência teórica a noção de campo religioso, formulada por Bourdieu, que as exposições do 5º Centenário da Reforma Protestante ganharam impulso no Brasil em 2017, especialmente, por se associarem às disputas e tensões entre evangélicos de missão e pentecostais no interior do campo religioso brasileiro, mas também pela apropriação mais abrangente da data, no plano secular, como um dos símbolos da expansão social evangélica vivenciada no período.
“A procissão de milagres”: A natureza como mito e matéria na poesia colonial brasileira
Authors: Murari Luciana
Published: December 2024

Esse artigo analisa uma seleção de poemas coloniais cuja temática gira em torno da experiência da natureza brasileira. Seu objetivo é estudar duas formas de representá-la: as de fundo mítico e as de fundo utilitarista. Para tanto, a expressão poética é definida como uma forma de agir sobre o mundo, meio de conhecimento, interação social e memória do processo de apropriação do meio físico. Por meio de estudos críticos embasados na historiografia da cultura e da produção de riqueza na América portuguesa, a interpretação dos procedimentos discursivos adotados por essas obras buscou avaliar a escrita sobre o ambiente tropical a partir da manipulação, em diferentes proporções, do elogio aos prodí- gios naturais do território como fonte de prazer sensorial e maravilhamento, por um lado, e da geração de bens mercantis que alimentavam o comércio mundializado, por outro. Essa análise permitiu descrever as instâncias da natureza-mito e da natureza-matéria, e observar sua  vigência na cultura da época como parte da assimilação cotidiana da vida nos trópicos sob a condição colonial.
La política educacional de la Unidad Popular (Chile, 1970-1973). Entrevista con Iván Núñez
Authors: Romo Andrés Donoso , Navarro Camila Pérez
Published: December 2024

Se presenta una entrevista realizada a Iván Núñez, la máxima autoridad de la Superintendencia de Educación Pública durante el gobierno de la Unidad Popular (Chile, 1970-1973). En la entrevista, de carácter exploratorio, se abordan tres temáticas escasamente trabajadas en la historiografía de la educación: la latinoamericanidad de las políticas educacionales del gobierno de Salvador Allende, los grandes lineamientos detrás de estas iniciativas y las tensiones que existieron entre las aproximaciones educacionales y las culturales. La entrevista busca, en lo fundamental, entregar algunos elementos que ayuden a enriquecer la comprensión de un momento clave en la historia reciente del país y que tuvo gran resonancia allende sus fronteras.
A ROTATION INVARIANT RETINAL VESSEL EXTRACTION APPROACH USING A NOVEL IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE COUPLED WITH HIGH BOOST FILTERING
Authors: Patil Sarika B. , Patil B. P. , Tathe S. V. , Lokhande S. S. , Lokhande S. D.
Published: December 2024

Retinal Disease analysis using fundus photography needs the expertise from engineering domain. Using fundus photographs provides a non-invasive way to inspect the retina of human eye and in turn the window for human vasculature. Retina of human eye gets affected with abnormalities as a result of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. In order to recognize the abnormalities and grade the severity of disease, it is indeed required to locate the retinal landmarks accurately. Exact identification of Retinal vasculature in terms of position and diameter is imperative. A computationally simple, robust, effectively extracting tiny vessels and rotation invariant vessel identifier algorithm is proposed. The process is carried out in four steps — (i) A novel morphological contrast enhancement — high boost filtering (MCE-HBF) method is used for gray scale version of input fundus image. (ii) Extraction and the dark objects enhancement are carried out using high boost filtering. (iii) A single optimal threshold is used for segmentation of the dark objects. (iv) Non-vascular objects and noise are removed and a clear vessel tree is extracted at the end. The proposed algorithm has reported a sensitivity of 0.82, 0.82, 0.81; specificity of 0.99, 0.97, 0.98; accuracy of 0.97, 0.96, 0.97; precision of 0.87, 0.64, 0.81 and false positive rate of 0.0081, 0.0218, 0.010 on HRF healthy, HRF diabetic and DRIVE dataset images, respectively. With the lowest possible false positive rate, the proposed approach offers a scale and rotation invariant method for extracting minute blood vessels. The algorithm has shown better results than the state-of-the-art outcomes when tested on the HRF and DRIVE Datasets. The photos from the DiaretDB1 dataset show that the results are also useful.
Linguagem e gênero: estereótipos, formas e variação linguística
Authors: Freitag Raquel Meister Ko. , Zunino Gabriela Mariel
Published: December 2024

O dossiê temático “A emergência de gênero não-binário na América Latina” reúne 10 artigos sobre o surgimento de formas de gênero não binário em português, espanhol e italiano, além de 5 resenhas de livros recentes sobre o tema. Estudos empíricos sobre o fenômeno do gênero não binário ainda são escassos e dispersos, tanto em termos de motivação quanto de método. Esta lacuna dificulta a construção de um panorama sistemático e rigoroso, necessário para fundamentar debates públicos e políticas sobre o tema. Na ausência de pesquisas especializadas, as discussões públicas tendem a ser dominadas por ideologias baseadas em crenças de purismo linguístico e hegemonia de gênero. Os artigos e resenhas publicados neste dossiê evidenciam a necessidade de uma abordagem complexa e transdisciplinar para tratar adequadamente desta temática. O dossiê reúne resultados de pesquisas e análises que ajudam a compreender melhor este fenômeno linguístico e social emergente.
Preparation of Zinc Ferrite by High-Temperature Mechanochemical Method and its Microwave Absorption Properties
Authors: Liu Ming Zhe , Wang Bo , Wang Yu Jiang , Chen Jian She , Li Bin Chuan , Liu Kui Ren , Wei Shi Cheng , Han Qing
Published: December 2024

Ferrite is frequently employed as a high-efficiency microwave absorption material (MAM). Herein, a novel and prospective high-temperature mechanochemical (HTMC) method was employed to fabricate pure-phase spinel zinc ferrite powders with a spherical structure. After that, the chemical compositions and structures, microscopic morphology, static magnetic characteristics, and microwave absorption properties of the powders were examined. The powder achieves a minimum reflection loss of -54.7 dB at a matching thickness of 4.4 mm, at which time the effective absorption bandwidth approaches 3.9 GHz. The superior microwave absorption ability of the powders is attributable to the favorable cooperative impact between dielectric and magnetic losses. Therefore, the as-prepared zinc ferrite powders can be utilized as high-efficiency MAM. The HTMC method has considerable potential for the large-scale preparation of high-performance MAM.
Effect of Trisodium Citrate on the Electro-Crystallization of Electrodeposited Ni-Cu-Mo Alloy Coatings
Authors: Peng Zhao Wei , Peng Cheng Zhang
Published: December 2024

The effect of trisodium citrate on the electrodeposition of nickel-copper-molybdenum in sulfate solution was explored in this paper. According to the results of the nickel-copper-molybdenum electrodeposition experiment, adding a certain amount of trisodium citrate into the electrodeposition solution inhibited the hydrogen precipitation reaction and accelerated the crystallization process on the plated surface to a certain extent, thereby improving the cathodic current efficiency. However, no change occurred to the nucleation mode in the process of electrodeposition crystallization, and it was consistent with the theoretical value of instantaneous nucleation before the peak current (t/tm≤ 1) was reached. The theoretical values of instantaneous nucleation were consistent. The epitaxial growth rate constant K* of the crystals was reduced after the addition of trisodium citrate into the electrodeposition solution, indicating the inhibitory effect of trisodium citrate on the growth of crystals in the electrodeposition solution. The diffusion coefficient of the nickel-copper-molybdenum ligand ions was reduced as well, suggesting the inhibitory effect of adding trisodium citrate into the plating solution on the cathodic mass-transfer process, which is conducive to promoting its cathodic polarization. Meanwhile, the growth rate of crystals was significantly affected by the applied potential.
Effect of Incorporating Oat Husk Ash on the Compressive Strength of Concrete with Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Miguel Angel Cerdan Solier , Serrano Malena
Published: December 2024

Currently, sustainable concrete alternatives are being sought without compromising the quality and compressive strength of conventional concrete. This article presents the development and results of an experimental study using recycled aggregates from foundations with an fc=280 kg/cm² and a novel additive of natural origin, oat husk ash, aiming to achieve concrete with adequate compressive strength and lower environmental impact. Specifically, the application of this additive as a partial substitute for cement in concretes made with construction and demolition waste (CDW) is analyzed. To determine the influence of this additive on compressive strength, standardized specimens were prepared with two types of concrete: (1) concrete with 30% CDW (C-30%CDW), and (2) concrete with 30% CDW and 5% oat husk ash as a partial substitute for cement (C-30%CDW-5%OHA). Finally, compressive strength tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days on hardened concrete to verify the original hypothesis. The results show that oat husk ash positively influences compressive strength.
Effect of Surfactant on Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Pongmuksuwan Pornlada , Kitisatorn Wanlop
Published: December 2024

This study explores the impact of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) content and surfactant type on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams. The resilience, hardness, and compressive strength of the foams were systematically analyzed at different NCO/OH molar ratios. The findings revealed that increasing EPO content generally decreased both hardness and resilience values, indicating enhanced viscoelastic properties due to the plasticizing effect of EPO's hydrocarbon chains. However, specific surfactants significantly influenced these mechanical properties. Concentrol STB PU-2254 and Tegostab® B82001 VE surfactants enhanced compressive strength by promoting a compact cellular structure with smaller, more numerous cells, effectively distributing loads and counteracting the softening effect of high EPO content. Conversely, the use of Tegostab® B8462 resulted in reduced hardness due to increased porosity from larger cell formation. At an NCO/OH ratio of 1.0, higher pMDI content improved compressive strength by increasing hard segment formation. These results underscore the importance of surfactant selection and NCO/OH ratio optimization in tailoring the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams, offering valuable insights for their application-specific design and optimization.
Fabrication of Metakaolin/Ignimbrite Geopolymer from the Añashuayco Quarry in Arequipa
Authors: Morais Alan Ícaro Sousa , Palmeira Daniela Krisbéll Ortega , Osajima Josy Anteveli , Garcia Ramón Raudel Peña , Huamán-Mamani Fredy Alberto
Published: December 2024

The construction industry is crucial for social and economic development, but it faces sustainability challenges. About 40% of global industrial waste comes from construction, and cement contributes approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions. This study aims to develop more sustainable materials by reusing waste and creating a new environmentally friendly binder, geopolymer, from ignimbrite (IG) from Arequipa, Peru, and metakaolin. Metakaolin from China (MKCh) and locally calcined metakaolin (MK650 and MK750) were used. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. Cylindrical geopolymers were produced with MK and IG ratios of 100/0 and 60/40, using a 9 mol/L NaOH activator solution. Curing was performed at 25 °C for 24 h, followed by 72 h at 50 °C. The results showed that the addition of IG increased the compressive strength, with the best performance observed in the MK-IG-60-40 material, with 52.72 ± 1.02 MPa. Thus, the addition of ignimbrite demonstrated to improve the strength of the geopolymers.
Development and Characteristics of Infra-Lightweight Foamed Concrete
Authors: Al-Kroom Hussein , Elrahman Mohamed Abd
Published: December 2024

This research focuses on development of infra-lightweight foamed concrete with very low density. The first step is to manufacture stable preformed foam with optimizing the applied air and water pressure as well as the foaming agent dosage. Then, an appropriate mixing procedure of infra-lightweight concrete is developed. In the experimental plan, 8 different mixes are prepared and tested with different densities, 200, 300, 500, 600 kg/m3. Two values of w/c ratio are used, 0.6 and 0.4. A superplasticizer compatible with the foaming agent is used in the second case (w/c 0.4) in order to achieve the required workability. Compressive strength, thermal conducting and scanning electron microcopy (SEM) measurements have been measured in order to characterize the developed foamed concrete. The experimental results show that for infra-lightweight foamed concrete, the material density is the main parameter governing its compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The SEM observations provide evidences confirming the results of compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The role of w/c is insignificant on compressive strength and thermal conductivity of such type of concrete with very low density. The findings of this investigation revealed that infra-lightweight concrete with self-leveling ability, appropriate strength and different densities can be produce with giving more concern to the performed foam characteristics as well as the mixing technology.
Application of Laterite-Based Geopolymer Mortar for Masonry Bedding
Authors: Nuru Zeyneb Kemal , Kearsley Elsabe P. , Elsaigh Walied A.H.
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the production and properties of geopolymer cement mortar using laterite soils. The aim was to evaluate the laterite-based geopolymer mortars for masonry bedding applications. The testing programme encompassed three series of mixes tested to determine setting times, flowability, flexural strength and compressive strength. Two types of sands were used including standard sand and natural sand. The effect of water-to-laterite ratios, activating agent concentration, and cement-to-sand ratio were established. The properties of standard cement paste, and mortar were used as a reference. The study found that geopolymer mortar made from laterite meets the requirements for masonry bedding.
Effect Cu and La on the Solidification Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-6.5wt.%Si Alloy under Arc Melting
Authors: Dong Zhong Qi , Pan En Bao , Zhang Xue
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of Cu and La additions on the solidification structure and phase formation behavior of Fe-6.5wt%Si high silicon steel. The alloy's phase composition and structure were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic performance was measured using a high and low-temperature vibration magnetometer. The results revealed that the microstructure of the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy ingot, treated with Cu and La inhibitors, is segmented into three layers. From the bottom to the top, the phase morphology is fine crystals, columnar crystals, and isoaxial crystals. Adding Cu and La inhibitors significantly refined the Fe-6.5wt.%Si alloy; adding 0.05% Cu transformed thick columnar crystals into slender branches, while 0.03% La led to a uniform refinement of grains. Cu addition maintained the alloy saturation magnetization strength but increased coercivity. La addition decreased the alloy's saturation magnetization and increased coercivity.
Bio-Coating of Poly(Lactic Acid) on Thermoplastic Starch for Disposable Cutlery
Authors: Padungkomaet Rinrada , Thananthong Saksit , Yeetsorn Rungsima , Surathin Nattawat , Prissanaroon-Ouajai Walaiporn
Published: December 2024

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an environmentally friendly material that can be used as a replacement for petroleum-based plastics in the production of disposable cutlery. However, the application of TPS is limited by its mechanical properties, low melting points, high water solubility, and inability to maintain structural integrity during usage. This research aimed to coat the surface of TPS with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), to address these limitations. PLA solution was prepared by using a binary solvent system, comprising of acetone and dimethylformamide (Ac/DMF) to avoid the use of chlorinated solvent. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the PLA-coated TPS exhibited the improved water resistance compared to the uncoated TPS. Adhesion tests, conducted in accordance with ASTM D3359-17, revealed that the PLA coating adhered well to TPS, achieving adhesion levels of 4B-5B. Furthermore, degradation tests demonstrated that the PLA-coated TPS degraded within the range of 17-25% after 90 days. The degradation performance was comparable to the uncoated TPS, indicating that the PLA coating did not retard the biodegradability of TPS.
The Influence of Microstructure on Corrosion Resistance of B10 Copper Tube
Authors: Zhang Li Min , Li Cong
Published: December 2024

To pinpoint the relationship between the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the B10 copper tube, the copper tubes were annealed at 780°C and 810°C, respectively. Then the simulated seawater full immersion experiment was conducted. The corrosion film, grain size, boundary characteristics, and intragranular microstructure of the alloy were analyzed by OM, SEM, EBSD, and TEM. The results implied that the corrosion rate of the 810°C annealed copper tube is about 0.028 mm/a, which is 1.9 times that of the 780°C annealed copper tube. The average grain size of 810°C annealed copper tube is about 38.85 μm and the low ΣCSL account for 64.8 %, which is 1.5 times and 1.4 times that of 780°C annealed copper tube, respectively. There is a complete spinodal decomposition structure within the grain in an 810°C annealed copper tube, but there is an incomplete spinodal decomposition structure in a 780°C annealed copper tube. Theoretical analysis indicated that the large-sized grain clusters could be formed by numerous low-layer fault energy twin boundaries Σ3, and low ΣCSL combination Σ3, Σ9, Σ27, which can block the large crystal boundaries network, inhibit the phase precipitation and prevent invading of corrosive elements along the large crystal boundaries. The intragranular spinodal decomposition structure can improve the strength and toughness of the B10 copper tube, reduce the initiation of surface microcracks during service, and thus reduce pitting and crevice corrosion.
Effect of Weld-Pass Morphology and Molten-Pool Flow on Lack of Fusion Formed in the Fully Automatic Welded Joint at 6 o’Clock Direction
Authors: Yang Die , Li Zeng Zhen , Han Lai Hui , Yan Chen , Xin Zhang , Feng Da Yong
Published: December 2024

Compared with traditional shielded metal arc welding and semi-automatic welding, fully automatic welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, high welding quality as well as a high qualification rate on the premise of ensuring the comprehensive performance of the girth weld joint. Meanwhile, the proportion of welding defects also changed from porosity and slag inclusion to lack of fusion. Therefore, from the view of the macroscopic and dynamic evolution behavior, the paper aims to reveal the influence of the coupling of weld-pass morphology and molten-pool flow on the formation of lack of fusion using macroscopic metallographic observation and high-speed photography. The results indicate that the weld morphology is prone to convex reinforcement and larger penetration depth in the 6 o’clock direction of the pipeline girth weld under the reference parameters. The excessive reinforcement of the pass to be welded is one of the sufficient conditions for the formation of a lack of side fusion in the 6 o’clock direction. Excessive reinforcement could lead to welding arc heat mainly used to melt the raised weld metal to be welded, which results in insufficient heat flow to both sides of the molten pool metal. Furthermore, due to the larger curvature radius at the groove and the increase of the surface tension of the molten pool with lower relative temperature, the flow resistance of the molten pool increases and the fluidity decreases.
Adobe Block Design with Addition of Fiberglass to Improve the Compression Resistance in the District of Saylla, Province and Department of Cusco
Authors: Hinostroza Berrios Anabella Catalina Giorget , Sosa Cusihuaman Aaron Alejandro , Carlos Eyzaguirre Acosta Augusto
Published: December 2024

This article discusses improving the low compression resistance of adobe houses in Saylla, Cusco, by incorporating fiberglass. It reviews studies employing synthetic materials and suggests adobe blocks with varying proportions of fiberglass. These adobe blocks to be studied will be produced in a traditional, regulated manner, with the addition of fiberglass at 0.10%, 0.50%, and 1.00%. Three samples of each type will be tested for reliable results. Compression tests show that traditional adobe fails to meet standards, while regulated adobe with fiberglass significantly enhances resistance. Adding 1.00% fiberglass results in a 123.20% increase in compression strength, reaching 1.634 MPa. The study concludes that fiberglass effectively strengthens adobe, providing practical applications for sustainable construction in Saylla, Cusco.
Effects of Copper-Modified Activated Carbon on Natural Rubber Composite for Dielectric Materials
Authors: Yingshataporn-A-Nan Thanathach , Sukhawipat Nathapong , Thusanaphoom Panachai , Lardsaluk Thanadol , Moolchai Nattawut , Jeungthanasirigool Wiwat , Sosa Narongrit
Published: December 2024

This study reports the development of an elastomeric dielectric material based on natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with copper-modified activated carbon (Cu-Ac) derived from coconut shells. The Cu-Ac content was varied systematically (0, 5, 10, and 15 phr) at a fixed Cu concentration (2 wt%). The investigation focused on the influence of Cu-Ac content on various material properties, including curing time (tc⁹⁰), density, crosslink density, mechanical behavior, morphology, and dielectric response. The results revealed a significant impact of Cu-Ac content on the curing process, with an observed decrease in tc90 at higher Cu-Ac loadings (10 and 15 phr). However, crosslink density exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing Cu-Ac content. Encouragingly, the inclusion of Cu-Ac demonstrated a positive influence on the mechanical properties of the composite. Notably, the dielectric properties confirmed the effect of Cu-Ac on NR, with enhancements observed within the frequency range of 1.35 to 2.03 GHz. This study provides valuable insights into the influence of Cu-Ac content on NR composites, suggesting their potential for improved performance in dielectric applications.
Molecular Dynamics Study on the Influence of Ti-Al-V Phase Interface Characteristics on Deformation Behavior and Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Gao Yang , Li Jia Yi , Liu Peng , He Dong
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of α/β interface characteristics on the mechanical properties and plastic deformation behavior of titanium alloys, focusing on Ti-Al-V system. Molecular dynamics simulations of Ti-Al-V alloys with different gradient α/β interface models reveal that the linear gradient interface exhibits superior strength at ultra-low temperatures compared to "S" gradient and non-gradient models. Analysis indicates structural transitions primarily occur at the interface at 70 K. Dislocation analysis shows high strength of the linear gradient interface at 70 K and 0.01 K, with dislocations concentrated at the α/β interface. With the change of interface characteristics, the mechanical properties also exhibit gradient variations.
Characteristics of Polyethersulfone Membranes Modified by Silika and Nanocellulose Extracted from Biomass as Additives
Authors: Bashair Fathul , Rida Muhamad Rasyid , Idrus Nabila Fardina , Aprilia Sri
Published: December 2024

Polyethersulfone membranes were fabricated using non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) with silica and nanocellulose additives extracted from rice husk ash and genjer (Limnocharis flava). N-methyl pyrrolidone served as the solvent. The study aimed to prepare membranes with diverse characteristics by incorporating various combinations of additives. Silica acted as a pore-forming agent, while nanocellulose enhanced membrane hydrophilicity. Characterization techniques included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group analysis, which revealed the presence of C-S, Si-O, and Si-O-Si vibrations in the membranes. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the surface and cross-sectional structure of the membranes. To assess membrane performance, a flux test was conducted. The membrane containing 2% nanocellulose and 1% silica exhibited the highest flux value of 21.37 L/m².h, corresponding to a permeability of 21.37 L/m².h.bar. Based on these results, the membrane with 2% nanocellulose and 1% silica is considered optimal due to its superior performance.
Length-weight  relationship, condition factor, morphometric and meristic characteristics of Ctenopoma kingsleyae from Esa-Odo Reservoir, Nigeria.
Authors: Ekundare Olugbemi Olugbemi , Omotayo Fagbuaro
Published: December 2024

Anabantid, Ctenopoma kingsleyae is a commercially important fish being captured as a food and aquarium fish. Limited literature is available on the biology of the fish. Therefore, this study investigated the length-weight relationship, condition factor, morphometric and meristic characteristics of C. kingsleyae from Esa-Odo water Reservoir, Nigeria. Fish collected (n = 90) from fishermen were subjected to morphometric measurements to the nearest length (0.1cm) and weight (0.1g) and meristic counts were recorded in the laboratory. Results revealed the fin formula of C. kingsleyae was D1xvii, D2 9-11, A1 ix, A2 10-11, P 11-13, vi/5, TLr 25-27. The b value for males, females and combined sexes were 10.014, 12.7 and 12.81 respectively, indicating positive allometric growth for all the samples. The mean condition factors, 1.95±0.02, 2.03±0.02 and 2.00±0.01 were recorded for males, females and combined sexes respectively, implying that the fish are in good health condition. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.8925, 0.9175 and 0.9507 were recorded for males, females and combined sexes respectively, revealing a positive relationship between the weight and total length of the fish. Positive correlations were observed between the total length and each of the other morphological characteristics of the fish (p ≤ 0.05). Data generated from this study can form baseline information for the conservation, production and management of C. kingsleyae reservoirs in Nigeria.
The role of substance assessment tools in treatment planning and monitoring: a narrative review
Authors: Charuni T.M.J
Published: December 2024

Psychoactive drugs including alcohol and tobacco products can be considered as substances that lead to various negative physical and psychological consequences. On the other hand, socioeconomic deterioration also comes along with harmful substance usage. Substance addiction is a complex condition characterised by a compulsive and harmful pattern of substance use despite the adverse consequences it may comprise, and the risk of developing substance addiction is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and relapse is the recurrence of substance use after a period of abstinence or successful treatment. Hence, healthcare professionals, educational experts, and legal officers are required to get a broader idea regarding the factors associated with substance use. Assessment tools are the most efficient way of identifying the associated factors of substance use, customising specific treatment plans, and monitoring the progress of addiction intervention. By implementing modifications and enhancements to the pre-existing tools, researchers and clinicians able to improve the accuracy of participant responses and findings, leading to a more precise identification of causal links within the context of substance use disorders. The primary focus of this study lies in the comprehensive review of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification test, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, Alcohol Dependency Scale, Self-administered Alcoholism Screening Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use Tool, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Substance and Choice Scale, Screening to Brief Intervention, Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale, and  Severity of Dependence Scale play crucial roles in identifying substance use disorders, assessing severity, guiding treatment decisions, and facilitating interventions to promote recovery and well-being.
At the age of three
Authors: De Gaetano Giovanni , Cerletti Chiara
Published: December 2024

At the age of three, a little boy is able to undress and is starting to dress independently, can eat using a spoon and fork, knows how to hold a pencil correctly, and enjoys drawing vertical, horizontal, and curved lines with pencils and colored crayons....
High WTAP expression level as a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Relucenti Michela , Tito Claudia , Mercantini Paolo , Pilozzi Emanuela , Barbaranelli Claudio , Cristiano Loredana , Savarese Daniela , Bastianelli Daniela , Fazi Francesco , Petrozza Vincenzo , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rui , Miglietta Selenia , Familiari Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health concern and identifying prognostic molecular biomarkers can help stratify patients based on risk profiles, thus enabling personalized medicine. Epitranscriptomic modifications play a relevant role in controlling gene expression, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators play crucial roles in cancer progression, but their clinical significance in CRC cancer has thus far not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to examine by immunohistochemical techniques and RT-qPCR, protein levels and RNAs expression of m6A writers (METTL3, WTAP) and eraser (FTO) in a cohort of 10 patients affected by CRC. The patients were followed for 5 years and values of METTL3, WTAP and FTO RNAs in alive vs dead patients were compared. Proteins expression and RNAs expression had a different trend, METTL3, WTAP and FTO proteins’ expression showed an increasing trend from non-cancerous adjacent (N) tissue vs carcinoma (CA) tissue G1 stage, and then a decreasing trend from G1 to G2 and G3 stages. The most marked increase was observed in WTAP that, from a 40% of protein expression positivity in N tissue raised to the 81% of positivity in G1 stage K tissue. RNAs expression of METTL3, WTAP and FTO genes in N tissue vs G1 stage CA tissue was significantly different, the analysis and comparison of RNAs values in patient alive after 5 years (0.58±0.04) vs patients dead after 5 years (1.69±0.29) showed that only WTAP values resulted significantly high in dead patients. The fact that WTAP protein expression levels lower while WTAP RNA expression remains high, lets us hypothesize a sort of inhibition of protein expression, but further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism. Although the results suggest a relationship between biological meaning and prognostic utility of WTAP, this prognostic utility must be confirmed by further studies on a larger sample.