bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity based on RAPD F2 generation of apple cactus (Cereus spp.)
Authors: Anindyaswari D E , Sukaya  , Muliawati E S , Djoar D W
Published: November 2021

Apple cactus consists of 2 types, long spines (Cereus jamacaru) and short spines (C. peruvianus); both are self-incompatible. So that only artificial crosses between species that produce fruit. But some fruits are found from natural crosses of long spines. The three results of these crosses, long spines with short spines; short spines with long spines; and natural crosses on long spines, have produced F2 seedlings. The purpose of this study was to study genetic diversity based on the RAPD of the F2 seedlings. DNA isolation was carried out using Doyle and Doyle method modified on the addition of Polivinilpirolidon. The RAPD technique uses 3 primers: OPD-11, OPM-10, and OPN-5. Analysis of genetic diversity using Simple Matching coefficient using NTSys 2.02 software. Based on the three primers, each F2 offspring had genetic diversity but was grouped according to the parent. Showed that the three RAPD primers were effective for markers of genetic diversity in apple cactus.
Mutation induction in the pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) using colchicine
Authors: Rosmaina  , Elfianis R , Mursanto F , Janna A , Erawati T , Yani L E , Solin N N W M , Zulfahmi
Published: November 2021

Pineapple is a tropical fruit that has high economic value. Mutation is a method to increase plant diversity which plays an essential role in plant improvement. This study aimed to induce mutations in pineapple using colchicine. This study was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was pineapple genotypes (i.e., Gemilang, Bangka, Queen, and Suska Kualu) and the second factor was colchicine concentration (i.e., 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, and control). There were 16 treatments with five repetitions so the total was 80 experimental units. Observations were made for three months after treatment in the vegetative phase. Observation parameters included leaf shape, leaf color, plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, and length of stomata. This study indicated that the interaction between genotype and colchicine significantly differed in plant height and the number of leaves. Colchicine significantly increased the length of stomata, and genotype significantly affected all observed parameters. This study concluded that 0.05% colchicine significantly increased plant height (26.67%) and the number of leaves (48.98%) in the Gemilang genotype but decreased plant height and leaf number in other genotypes. This study suggests the need for observation of the flowering phase and fruit quality due to colchicine treatment.
Environmental and hydroponics education for children through story book design
Authors: Munib J A , Wulandari E , Astari E M
Published: November 2021

Children are need education regarding hydroponics and environment. The problems raised in this design are to how to design the appropriate eco-friendly story book media to introduce hydroponics and environmental issues such as climate change and its impact to agriculture. The purpose of this design is to create a picture story book as an effort to introduce hydroponics to children. The research method used was descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques of questionnaire, literature study, and interviews. The media that is considered capable of providing a solution to this problem is a picture story book that contains information about introduction to hydroponics and environment issues with simple hydroponic planting procedures for children.
Shifting waste policy issues at the local level: a case study in Banyumas
Authors: Indiahono D
Published: November 2021

Waste management in Banyumas Regency entered a new history following the shift on waste management from government management, into community management. This is a breakthrough in the Governance Era and stimulates a greater public role in waste management. However, the policy issues regarding waste have widened, and this study aimed to explain it. Qualitative research was carried out by tracing the issue of waste problems in online mass media, observations, and interviews. The data analysis technique was carried out with interactive analysis techniques. The results showed that the issue of waste problems widened into several issues, including the transfer of local government burden to the public, the destruction of city face, bureaucratic egocentrism, and the inability of non-governmental groups.
The effect of application of control techniques to the population, damage intensity of onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua hubner) and yield of shallots
Authors: Pangestu R A D , Hadiwiyono  , Supriyadi
Published: November 2021

Shallot is an important cash crop in Indonesia. However, its productivity is relatively low, due to the attack of the onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner). This study aimed to identify the effect of the application of control techniques on the population, damage intensity, and shallots yield. This research was conducted by field experiment. Control treatment consisted of covering shallots by using gauze/net and insecticide treatment with active ingredients of profenofos, metomil, and carbosulfan. The research variables consisted of the population and the damage intensity of S. exigua, as well as the yield of shallots. The results showed that the caterpillars population of S. exigua was found at 16 DAP and increased up to before harvest at 44 DAP. Covering shallots with gauze effectively suppressed the population of S. exigua (0.0 per hills), followed by treatment with profenofos (0.14 per hills), carbosulfan (0.15 per hills), and methomyl 0.32 per hills). The damage intensity of S. exigua in the plot gauze covered was 0%, lower than 32%, 25%, 12%, 10%, respectively, in the control plot, treatment of metomil, carbosulfan, and profenofos. Covering shallots with gauze also increased the weight of wet-harvested tubers (50.83 g per hills).
Private participation in establishing a product certification body of seed and breeding stock poultry in Indonesia
Authors: Sasomo A , Setyowati K , Haryanti R H
Published: November 2021

The era of global trade is a political system based on international rules and agreements that encourage and stabilize economic exchanges between countries. One of the impacts is the demand for a shift in government role to the private sector. The poultry sector plays an important role in providing 65% of the need for animal protein consumption in Indonesia. A product certification body of seed and breeding stock poultry is a tool used in global trade to increase product competitiveness in the global market. By applying standards in trade, it is expected to improve the performance of producers so that they can produce quality products, fair competition in trade, and provide protection to the public and consumers. Unfortunately, the existing seed and livestock certification institutions are still fully initiated by the government. Meanwhile, private participation in establishing a seed and poultry seed product certification body through public-private partnerships (PPPs) is still far from expectations.
Animated infographic as information media for earthquake and tsunami mitigation plan on the south coast of Bantul Indonesia
Authors: Ismail A I , Wicaksono A R , Raswanto P G
Published: November 2021

Bantul is a district located in the southern part of Yogyakarta Indonesia. Its located in the lowlands with coastal area on its border, Bantul is a district with the longest coastline in Yogyakarta Province, about 15.65 km. This condition makes Bantul Regency prone to earthquakes and tsunamis from the south coast. In normal situations, disaster management training and simulations are often carried out. However, during the current pandemic, this is no longer possible. This study aims to design an informative and effective information media about tsunami mitigation plan for the community in the pandemic situation. The research applied was descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through literature study as the basis for designing infographic media. The result of this research is an animated infographic that uses a flat design visual style and is delivered in Javanese language.
The effectivity of Biduri combined with indigenous bacteria in mercury absorption
Authors: Sutami  , Purwanto  , Rosariastuti R
Published: November 2021

Heavy metals pollution, especially Mercury (Hg), is one of the most serious environmental problems. The presence of excessive Hg will cause soil degradation and threaten the life of the ecosystem, for that remediation is necessary. Biduri is known to be able to absorb heavy metals, but there is no research on the ability of Biduri in absorb Hg. The use of indigenous bacteria is expected to increase the absorption of Mercury by Biduri. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Biduri combined with indigenous bacteria andAgrobacteriumsp I37 in absorbing of Hg in the soil. The experimental was designed as factorial with completely randomized design, consisting of 2 factors namely Bioremediation agent (A0: without bioremediation agent, A1: indigenous bacteria, A3:Agrobacteriumsp I37) and Hg dosage (D0: without Hg, D1: Hg 0.3 µg.g-1, D2: Hg 0.51 µg.g-1). The results showed that the combination of Biduri with indigenous bacteria + 0.3 µg.g-1Hg shows highest absorption of Hg at 57.19 µg (99.24% higher than control) and reduce soil Hg levels by 0.09 µg.g-1. Biduri is a hyperaccumulator plant because it is able to absorb more than 10 µg.g-1of mercury.
An ISM approach for identifying and analyzing the complexity of beef cattle farming problems in Central Java
Authors: Pratama I W , Muzayyanah M A U , Astuti A , Budisatria I G S , Putra A R S
Published: November 2021

The complexity of the problems in the beef cattle farming system in Central Java is challenging. Identification and mapping of the problems are an important part of the process to determine the policy strategy. The research objectives were to identify and to map the problem structure in beef cattle farming system in Central Java. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was employed to analyze the relationship between problems in beef cattle farming system. Data were collected through literature review and in-depth interviews with several stakeholders which consisting of academics, practitioners, and local governments. The results showed that the problems of beef cattle farming in Central Java were related to the availability of feed, farmers socio-economic conditions, and the production and reproduction of the cattle. Problems related to the animal feed availability is a leverage point in solving cattle problems in Central Java. The feed strengthening strategy is expected being priority in the context of developing beef cattle farms in Central Java.
Social media interconnection between people: Greta Thunberg’s influence on the climate movement
Authors: Prakoso S G , Timorria I F , Murtyantoro A P
Published: November 2021

The increasing rate of climate change has been staggering over the past couple of years. It causes a lot of changes in the earth’s biosphere. The earth’s temperature has been increasing in an unprecedented phase, causing the seawater to expand and ice over land to melt, both of which can cause a rise in sea level. Given this problematic issue, the world leaders somehow do not put enough action to tackle this. When world leaders are failing our future by not taking the climate change issue seriously, a young girl from Sweden named Greta Thunberg is about to set a global spark of global movement concerning global warming. Since she began to strike outside the Swedish parliament, she gained the public’s attention, especially youth. This study aims to analyze how Greta Thunberg influences youth worldwide to take action against climate change using social media. This article uses social activism theory and Collaborative Internet Utilities to analyze the global phenomenon. This Journal uses qualitative research methodology. The data and relevant information are being analyzed to explain Greta’s influence on global youth regarding climate change and its effects on global politics.
Infographic as a campaign for reducing the use of plastic packaging and cutlery in Surakarta
Authors: Widodo A S , Ardianto D T , Budi B A S
Published: November 2021

The Environment Agency of Surakarta City noted that the volume of waste in 2021 reached 92,436 tons. Plastic waste accounts for 13.39 percent of the total waste generated in Surakarta City. This threatens nature sustainability and bears negative impacts on human health. Using infographic media, the Visual Communication Design Department of Universitas Sebelas Maret held a campaign about the danger of using plastic packaging and cutlery as an effort to save the environment in Surakarta. Research and Development approach using ADDIE model was used in developing the media. The creation of infographics was carried out in five steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. After being disseminated, positive attention and response were received through social media from the younger generation. The results also encourage the emergence of community-based movements engaged in environmental conservation programs.
A Pure Theory with a Naturalistic Fallacy? A Critique of Kletzer’s Reformulation
Authors: Somek Alexander
Published: November 2021

Kletzer’s book is the most important and most original contribution to the project of the Pure Theory of law that we have seen in decades. The reformulation that is offered by Kletzer raises the question, however, whether it is also consistent with Kelsen’s original project. This may be doubted, for it is to be feared that Kletzer’s theory involves a variety of the naturalistic fallacy and celebrates de facto as natural law the law of the jungle. As an attempt to continue the legacy of the Pure Theory, Kletzer’s contribution fails. The root of the failure lies in the conflation of alethic and deontic modalities.
Plasma copeptin is increased and associated with smaller kidney volume in young adults born very preterm
Authors: Flahault Adrien , Bollée Guillaume , El-Jalbout Ramy , Cloutier Anik , Santos Robson A S , Lapeyraque Anne-Laure , Luu Thuy Mai , Nuyt Anne Monique
Published: November 2021

Background

Plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker for vasopressin levels, is increased in neonates born preterm, particularly in those with a more severe neonatal course, as reflected by bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Copeptin levels in adulthood are unknown.

Methods

In this case–control study of 101 adults born very preterm (<30 weeks of gestation) and 105 control adults born full-term, a comprehensive clinical and biological assessment was performed, including blood pressure measurements, kidney ultrasound and determination of plasma copeptin, renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, apelin, sodium and potassium, serum and morning urine osmolality.

Results

The median age in the study was 23.1 years [interquartile range (IQR) 21.2–24.8] and 57% were females. In males, the median copeptin levels were 8.2 pmol/L (IQR 6.3–12.4) and 6.1 pmol/L (IQR 4.3–9.0) in the preterm and term groups, respectively (P = 0.022). In females, the median copeptin levels were 5.2 pmol/L (IQR 3.9–7.6) and 4.0 pmol/L (IQR 2.8–5.7) in the preterm and term groups, respectively (P = 0.005). Adults born preterm with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia had further increased copeptin levels. The kidney volume, adjusted for height, was smaller and albuminuria was higher in the preterm group, and both were associated with higher plasma copeptin levels.

Conclusions

Plasma copeptin is higher in young adults born preterm and is related to a more severe neonatal course and smaller kidney volume.
Absence from work or school in young adults with congenital heart disease: is illness identity associated with absenteeism?
Authors: Na Inwon , Van Bulck Liesbet , Rassart Jessica , Goossens Eva , Luyckx Koen , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Moons Philip
Published: November 2021

Aims

Absence from work or school in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is an understudied domain. Illness identity, which is the degree to which a chronic illness is integrated into one’s identity, could be hypothesized to be a predictor for absenteeism. This study determined the proportion of young adults with CHD absent from work or school and examined if illness identity dimensions were related to absenteeism.

Methods and results

In a cross-sectional study, we included 255 patients with CHD. Data on absence from work or school over the past 12 months were obtained using self-report. The Illness Identity Questionnaire was used, which comprises four illness identity dimensions: rejection, engulfment, acceptance, and enrichment. Linear models with doubly robust estimations were computed after groups were balanced using propensity weighting. Absence from work/school occurred in 69% of young adults with CHD. Absence because of CHD specifically was present in 15% of the patients. Engulfment was significantly related to both all-cause absence and absence for CHD reasons.

Conclusions

Patients who strongly define themselves in terms of their heart disease were more likely to be absent from work or school than those who did not. If this finding can be confirmed in future research, it has the potential to be a target for intervention to influence work/school absence.
Improved structural methods for nonlinear differential-algebraic equations via combinatorial relaxation
Authors: Oki Taihei
Published: November 2021

Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) are widely used for modelling dynamical systems. In the numerical analysis of DAEs, consistent initialization and index reduction are important preprocessing steps prior to numerical integration. Existing DAE solvers commonly adopt structural preprocessing methods based on combinatorial optimization. Unfortunately, structural methods fail if the DAE has a singular system Jacobian matrix. For such DAEs, methods have been proposed to modify them to other DAEs to which structural methods are applicable, based on the combinatorial relaxation technique. Existing modification methods, however, work only for DAEs that are linear or close to linear. This paper presents two new modification methods for nonlinear DAEs: the substitution method and the augmentation method. Both methods are based on the combinatorial relaxation approach and are applicable to a large class of nonlinear DAEs. The substitution method symbolically solves equations for some derivatives based on the implicit function theorem and substitutes the solution back into the system. Instead of solving equations, the augmentation method modifies DAEs by appending new variables and equations. Our methods are implemented as a MATLAB library using MuPAD, and through its application to practical DAEs, we show that our methods can be used as a promising preprocessing of DAEs that the index reduction procedure in MATLAB cannot handle.
Procurement Competence and Framework Agreements for Upgraded Bed Bug Control [Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)]
Authors: Rukke Bjørn Arne , Roligheten Espen , Aak Anders
Published: November 2021

The prevalence of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) is increasing worldwide. Due to this increase, low-income housing owners and managers need an efficient method for controlling the pests without excessive resource use. The quality of pest control efforts is crucial for efficient eradication. Infestations often need to be approached using a variety of strategies through an integrated pest management (IPM) framework. Efficient eradication is often thought to be the responsibility of the pest control contractor alone. However, the purchase and supply management theory suggests that optimal solutions actually involve sound buyer–supplier relations to support the strategic aim of pest eradication. This study illustrates the positive outcomes of elevating pest management competence on the buyer’s part. Further, this study outlines a large-scale purchase situation that quantifies bed bug control efforts, in addition to their outcomes. In total, 11,000 apartment units were observed in Oslo, Norway, over a period of six years. The release and implementation of a procurement officer together with a state-of-the-art pest management framework agreement quickly reversed the consistent escalation of bed bug infestations in the observed units. Observations revealed that the study yielded the most success in eradicating bed bugs by increasing both the number of visits to the infested apartment and the overall duration of control efforts. The improved control was achieved at a reduced cost per infested apartment unit, which allowed for the implementation of bed bug preventive measures and building-wide inspections. The observations made in this study have been discussed in the context of the impact of bed bugs in low-income communities, relative to the factors of pest burden, demography, socioeconomics, and the welfare system in Norway.
Taste
Authors: Weir David , Desmarais Jane
Published: November 2021

This article examines the confluence of cuisine and the culture of decadence by first describing the difficulty of identifying any type of food as inherently “decadent” in physiological terms. After acknowledging that the meaning of “decadence” depends on moral, social, and aesthetic contexts, the article focuses on the dissemination of aristocratic tastes in food following the French Revolution, when chefs who had formerly cooked for nobility opened their own restaurants; on the development of the idea of the gourmand subsequent to the publication of Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin’s Physiologie du Goût (The Physiology of Taste, 1825); on Charles Baudelaire’s decadent response to Brillat-Savarin in Les Paradis Artificiels (Artificial Paradises, 1860); on the role of Roman history in the development of popular conceptions of decadent cuisine; and on J.-K. Huysmans’s surprisingly limited interest in “decadent dining” in À rebours (Against Nature, 1884), despite his use of elaborate food metaphors to describe the literature of decadence.
Belgium
Authors: Dessy Clément
Published: November 2021

At the end of the nineteenth century, Belgium was at the peak of its power, and therefore suggesting little about decadence. The predominance of French in the cultural life of the country made Belgian writers and artists highly dependent on Parisian tendencies, but their new international visibility enabled many of them to position themselves as distinctive. Although a movement did not exist as such in Belgium, European decadence and fin-de-siècle aesthetics were deeply defined by a set of representations—attitudes, places, and use of language—that were associated with the new Belgian movement. Because of their self-proclaimed “Belgian soul” and northern identity, the Belgians could be perceived either as barbarians or as an energizing influence on France. They themselves represented their own cities as places of decadence, whether through the melancholy of Bruges or the corruption of Antwerp. Finally, their peculiar style of literature can be remembered as one their most original contributions to the decadent tradition.
Scripting Gabriel García Márquez’s Life
Authors: Hart Stephen M.
Published: November 2021

Any biographical essay on the famous Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez (1927–2014) must take into account biographies that have already been written—including, of course, Dasso Saldívar’s thoughtful García Márquez: El viaje a la semilla; La biografía (1997), Gerald Martin’s excellent Gabriel García Márquez: A Life (2008), and Stephen M. Hart’s Gabriel García Márquez (2010)—counterbalanced by García Márquez’s own autobiography, Vivir para contarla (2002). This article (1) sets out the intrinsically significant events of Gabo’s life and the impact they had on his development as a writer (journalist, film critic, cultural/political commentator, writer of short fiction and long fiction); (2) focuses on the osmosis between his life and his literary work, including an analysis of the first and only volume of his memoirs and how they overlap with his literary works and, indeed, are at times overwhelmed by them, as present in particular in El amor en los tiempos del cólera (1985), inspired by his parents’ love affair, in which the version of events provided by the novel supersedes the “real” sequence of events; and (3) uses the notion of doubleness—evident in his life via the opposition between his “real” family and his “false” family of illegitimate offspring, produced by his grandfather’s wanton ways, as well as the figure of the “double” in his fiction and particularly Cien años de soledad (1967)—as a structuring device of the article’s emplotment.
Amerindian Wayúu Legacy and Garciamarquezian Literary Fable
Authors: Moreno Blanco Juan
Published: November 2021

García Márquez is the only novelist of the so-called Latin American Boom whose origins lie in the rural world. Does this bear on his personal upbringing, and does it project onto his literary fabulation/storytelling? This article attempts to reply in the affirmative to these questions, recognizing the intercultural and regional context whence the author comes and carrying out a perspectivist reading that will compare the highly frequent images of the supernatural in his stories and novels to the hierophantic images of Wayúu-Amerindian narrative tradition—to which the domestic servants who accompanied his childhood in the home of his maternal grandparents in Aracataca belonged. Among the author’s narratives, the first explicit mention of the Wayúu people (the Guajiros) occurs in “Monologue of Isabel Watching It Rain in Macondo.” And his intercultural childhood, which can be read as an autobiographical trait, is noticeable in the character Ulises’s heteroglossia in “Eréndira,” in the Buendía children in One Hundred Years of Solitude, and in Sierva María in Of Love and Other Demons. The article argues that the intercultural childhood of the novelist is the source of the co-presence of the natural and the supernatural as unfolded in these writings, which had Colombian culture and history almost as their exclusive subjects. To this innovative reinvention of the Colombian nation, the article attributes two larger cultural consequences: first, the subversion of national literary tradition, and second, the change in Colombia’s self-image brought about by its reception.
García Márquez in China
Authors: Teng Wei
Published: November 2021

This article studies the history of the introduction and translation of Gabriel García Márquez’s works into contemporary China. Based on thoroughly exploring each key step in the process of translation and reception of his works—including selection of source texts, adoption of translation strategies, identity of translators, criticisms of translation, and the arguments over the key concepts—the article disinters the differences of cultural contexts among various historical periods in which García Márquez was introduced and accepted in China. This article is composed of five parts. The first part gives an overview of the history of translation and reception of García Márquez in China. Part two elaborates on the paradox of the Chinese version of “magic(al) realism,” which is widely used in Chinese contemporary literature. Part three is an exposition of the impact of García Márquez being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature and the myth of the impact of the Latin American Boom on Chinese literature in the 1980s. Part four deeply discusses why the works of García Márquez are deemed “new classics” in China in the twenty-first century, despite having been left out in the 1990s. Part five concludes that the description of the history of translation of García Márquez for four decades not only uncovers how the global publishing market and the system of literary criticism managed by the West influence Chinese translated literature, but also reveals the ideological conflicts in China since the 1980s.
Dark Ecology in One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera
Authors: Flores William
Published: November 2021

This article examines the notions of dark ecology, the Capitalocene, and hyperobjects to delve into a re-reading of Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera that interrogates how those literary works provide valuable ecological awareness for the present era. Additionally, the article explores how Gabo’s works present a global ecological vision that enables the reader to observe a destroyed imaginary world where humanity dies after an ecocatastrophe produced by excessive human interference in the natural world. The novels analyzed are not narratives of an idealized primordial past or a catharsis that immerses us in the natural world to clean our minds from guilty environmental reality; instead, the narratives portray tenets of dark ecology, which attempt to provide a vivid portrayal of an environmental dilemma. The novels can be read through the lens of dark ecology as evidencing closeness to the earth; in them the omnipresent theme of solitude enables the reader to be in tune with nature more than as a mere presentation of an idealized interconnection with the environment. Before delving into the analysis of the novels, the essay provides a review of recent criticism and a brief examination of new developments in ecocritical theory.
Repetition and Alchemy in One Hundred Years of Solitude
Authors: Prieto René
Published: November 2021

In One Hundred Years of Solitude all generations of Buendías live fully, but neither wisely nor well. With their compulsion for repeating themselves, each generation makes the same mistakes and indulges in the same vices until, ultimately, the town of Macondo is wiped out. But why is solitude portrayed as such a blemish, and why are so many relationships in the Buendía family incestuous? Furthermore, what did García Márquez have in mind when he portrayed the last member of this family reading the story of his own life, including the moment that is unfolding while he reads? There is no doubt about it: One Hundred Years is both ambiguous and deceptive. Deceptive because although the author dwells on two subjects—a family history in which names and behaviors are duplicated, and the discipline of alchemy—he details neither the reason for the obsessive repetitions in the one nor the hidden significance of the other. In fact, this novel has both an exoteric, literal meaning and an esoteric, inner teaching; grounded on a symbolic seedbed, its deeper message is not readily available. The same is true of alchemy; in this arcane science, the transmutation of metals into gold is only the tip of the iceberg. This article shows how the lore of alchemy provides a structural blueprint for García Márquez’s allegorical novel while at the same time this occult science sheds light on the recondite mysteries this great prankster of an author has ruefully wrought.
Coloniality and Solitude in García Márquez’s Public Speeches and Newspaper Articles
Authors: López-Calvo Ignacio
Published: November 2021

Gabriel García Márquez’s magical realist narrative mode has been criticized by some scholars and by younger Latin American writers of resorting to a certain tropicalism that exoticizes Latin America as a region where violence and sensuality dominate every aspect of daily life, thus selling a magical Third World underdevelopment full of superstitions, mythical legends, popular folklore, and distortions of time for the Global North’s reading markets that is quite different from everyday reality in the region. Yet whether or not one agrees with this assessment, there is undoubtedly a different image of Latin America when one reads García Márquez’s journalism and public speeches. This article contrasts the author’s novelistic, magical realist image of Latin America in some of his works with the typically more realistic one (there are some exceptions) presented in his speeches collected in the volume I’m Not Here to Give a Speech (2010). Thus, in his 1982 speech “The Solitude of Latin America,” given during his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance, as well as in his 1995 speeches “Latin America Exists” and “Dreams for the Twenty-First Century,” one finds an anti-Eurocentric stance, in which he demands that Europe try to conceive of Latin America in a different, less paternalistic way. He demands that non-Eurocentric, Latin American worldviews and ways of being in the world be respected in equal terms. Moreover, a sober, realistic denunciation of injustice, infant mortality, disappearance, genocide, imperialism, the abundance of forced exiles and refugees, and other social evils pervades many of these speeches.
Writing and Politics in García Márquez’s Early Works
Authors: Rueda María Helena
Published: November 2021

Gabriel García Márquez’s first novels, Leaf Storm (1955), No One Writes to the Colonel (1961), and In Evil Hour (1962), offer a realist approach to the politics and everyday lives of people in the coastal towns of Colombia. The publication of One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967), the novel that thrust García Márquez onto the world stage, brought widespread attention to its “magical realism.” His earlier novels were often seen as mere antecedents, a product of the author’s formative years. This article reads them as important works in their own right, studying them against their contentious historical backdrop and in the context of García Márquez’s work as a journalist at the time. These novels were written in the highly politicized years of the Cold War, which in Colombia were marked by a brutal armed conflict, and in the wider Latin American context saw the rise of the Cuban Revolution. An important question for writers was how to address in their work the pressing political realities of their times. García Márquez actively participated in such debates, and these early novels reflect his thinking on the subject. More overtly political and engaged with local social struggles than his later best-known books, they offer a window into the reflections of a writer on the politics of his craft. They also provide an acute literary exploration of what it means for a society to live under the shadow of violence.
Pathology, Power, and Patriarchy in The Autumn of the Patriarch and The General in His Labyrinth
Authors: Weldt-Basson Helene C.
Published: November 2021

In both of his political novels, The Autumn of the Patriarch (1975) and The General in His Labyrinth (1989), García Márquez employs similar themes and narrative strategies to portray very different protagonists. The Patriarch is a prototypical Latin American dictator, while Simón Bolívar is the hero of Latin American independence. The protagonists share numerous characteristics, such as illnesses that serve as metaphors for their loss of power (physical in the case of the General, mental in the case of the Patriarch), characterization through their numerous sexual encounters, their distaste for losing at games, and their control of national funds. The Patriarch’s pathology functions to underscore a psychological obsession with power, whose loss corresponds to the Patriarch’s mental deterioration and ultimate senility, while the General’s illness relies on traditional associations of consumption as representative of melancholy (as outlined by Sontag in Illness as Metaphor), thus romanticizing the figure of Bolívar. This essay examines how García Márquez employs similar tropes and novelistic elements to evolve very different portraits of his two protagonists: the Patriarch as a mythic figure who epitomizes evil and the abuse of power, and the General as a postmodern historical figure who combines his power obsession with other mitigating characteristics, such as the love of his continent and the dream of its unity. A contraposition of these two characters illustrates social psychological distinctions between the dominance and the functionalist perspectives of power, in addition to clarifying many of the ambiguities inherent in García Márquez’s portrait of Bolívar.
The Threefold Selves in García Márquez’s Writing
Authors: Sims Robert
Published: November 2021

This study examines the evolution and interaction of writerly, autobiographical, and testimonial selves in García Márquez’s work by concentrating on a select number of texts from 1955 to 2004. Three factors contribute to the role of these selves in his writing: (1) the author states in his memoir that he realized at an early age that he only wanted to be a writer; (2) From the publication of One Hundred Years of Solitude in 1967 to the end of his life, he remained universally loved by readers and critics; and (3) the use of the refrito, or follow-up story, in his investigative journalism for El Espectador in the 1950s in Bogotá became an integral part of his writing. Although the interplay of his writerly, autobiographical, and testimonial selves appears at different moments in his fiction as well as his nonfiction, he achieves the most intricate balance between the three in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. While his writerly self overshadows his autobiographical and testimonial selves, they nevertheless play a prominent and essential role in his writing, albeit in hybridized forms.
The Arabs and Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: El Attar Heba
Published: November 2021

In 2014, newspapers across the Spanish-speaking world covered how the international press paid tribute to García Márquez. Particular attention was given to the extensive eulogies in the Arab press. A special homage was paid to the author’s memory in Saudi Arabia, where the Third South American-Arab Countries Summit was being held at the time. This was not Naguib Mahfuz; this was García Márquez. How was it possible for a Latin American author to become that popular across the Arab world? How was it possible for his novels to be referenced naturally in popular Arab films such as The Embassy in the Building (2005)? Was all this simply due to the fact that in postindependence Latin America, particularly since the 1940s, there has been a growing de-orientalist discourse? Or did García Márquez craft a particular dialogue with the internal and external Arabs? With all this in mind, and by drawing on Latin American (de)orientalism in the works of Kushigian, Nagy-Zekmi, and Tyutina, among others, this article analyzes the dimensions and implications of García Márquez’s depiction of the internal Arab (immigrant in Latin America) in some of his novels as well as his dialogue with the external Arab (the Arab world) in some of his press articles.
Fictions of Difficult Love in García Márquez
Authors: González Aníbal
Published: November 2021

Following Denis de Rougemont’s pithy assertion at the beginning of his influential Love in the Western World: “Happy love has no history,” Gabriel García Márquez explores through much of his work what he calls “difficult loves” and the artistic as well as ethical paradoxes they entail. As De Rougemont suggests, the first and most obvious way in which love can be “difficult” is the unhappiness and pain caused by love as eros, or amorous passion. The Swiss thinker then contrasts eros with the Christian concept of agape, or brotherly love, which he views as a remedy to the often-destructive effects of passion. This article argues, however, that García Márquez’s concept of “difficult loves” encompasses both forms of love, and with regard to agape, underscores that the search for empathy in a world ruled by violence and power can be just as fraught as the passion of erotic love to those who seek it out. Can literature give rise to empathy, or is fiction condemned to merely repeat violence even while denouncing it? Through a succinct commentary on the love theme in works from García Márquez’s middle and late periods, from One Hundred Years of Solitude and Innocent Eréndira to Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of Cholera, and News of a Kidnapping, this article traces the Colombian Nobel Prize winner’s implicit reflections about literature’s possible role in fostering social harmony and human empathy in the face of violence, political oppression, and selfishness.
Oversight of Administrative Justice Systems
Authors: Nason Sarah
Published: November 2021

Administrative justice systems have developed in light of social, cultural, political, and legal changes. Given this background, how can the collection of laws, institutions, procedures, and principles constituting administrative justice be subject to effective oversight? This chapter evaluates some of the bodies that have developed, at various points in time in various contexts, purportedly as a means to oversee all, or the majority of, particular administrative justice systems. It categorizes administrative justice oversight bodies into five main (non-exhaustive) types: 1) statutory whole network oversight bodies; 2) non-statutory whole network oversight; 3) academic-led oversight; 4) membership organizations; and 5) top administrative court oversight. The first four types are, or have been, most prevalent in common law systems, while the fifth tends to be more associated with civil law jurisdictions having a distinct hierarchy of administrative courts. This chapter focuses on the first four types of oversight. It explains and evaluates them against particular characteristics; the breadth of administrative justice; the relationship between oversight and reform; the influence of politics on oversight; the tasks of oversight bodies, their independence and funding; and evidencing their impacts. It briefly examines oversight activity by international bodies such as the Council of Europe and concludes with suggested characteristics for effective future oversight.
Directions for Future Research on Administrative Justice
Authors: Sunkin Maurice , Marsons Lee
Published: November 2021

Administrative justice is central to peoples’ relationship with government. As the current volume illustrates, this field is attracting diverse work using a range of methods across jurisdictions. After considering the breadth of research, from basic or discovery research to applied research, the article focuses on the UK context, where the administrative justice landscape is marked by complexity and fragmentation, to consider key research challenges. While stressing the value of diversity, the article argues for the need to adopt a more proactive and coordinated approach to research that enables greater collaboration and dialogue between independent researchers and government, policymakers, the professions, other users of research, and funders. As well as building research into system design and evaluation, such an approach will help overcome practical obstacles facing researchers and enable priority research needs to be identified and met without being dominated by government’s policy agenda. The article argues that these priority needs include work on: improving the availability of information on how administrative justice systems operate; the use of new technologies including AI; and on how people engage (or fail to engage) with, and are affected by, administrative justice. The article concludes by suggesting questions drawn from the UK experience that may be of relevance across other jurisdictions.
Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Older Adults
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Cotten Shelia R.
Published: November 2021

In the United States, more people are turning 65 daily than at any prior point in history. This demographic transition will likely continue for several decades. Older adults experience health declines as they age in addition to increased chronic health conditions. Though older adults are increasingly using information and communication technologies (ICTs), a digital divide still exists. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the research on the digital divide and ICT use among older adults, including what is currently known about the impacts of ICT use on older adults’ health and quality of life, limitations in measurement tools and existing data sources, and future directions for others hoping to advance research on this topic.
Negotiating Intimacy via Dating Websites and Apps
Authors: Buggs Shantel Gabrieal
Published: November 2021

Since the early 2000s, researchers have illustrated the primacy of online spaces for people to find platonic, sexual, and/or romantic intimacy. Online dating has increasingly become among the most common ways for couples of all sexual orientations—particularly heterosexuals and gay men—to meet in the United States. As the study of online and offline intimacy moves forward, it is necessary not only to assess the effects of political contexts and discrimination but to consider how marginalized groups like queer women, trans and nonbinary people, fat, and/or disabled people rely on and navigate these spaces in their efforts to fulfill their sexual lives and find romance. This article provides an overview of existing sociological research on online dating to illuminate the ways dating websites/apps are shaping contemporary relationship formation along the axes of race, gender, class, and sexuality, while also noting avenues for new research trajectories.
Digital Religion
Authors: Aupers Stef , de Wildt Lars
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the role of digital media in the shift toward a “post-secular society.” Whereas classical sociologists presented technology and religion as incompatible by depicting technology’s spread as a powerful force of rationalization, disenchantment, and, ultimately, secularization, such assumptions have been contested as modernist ideologies rather than empirical assessments. By reviewing the literature thereon, the authors suggest, firstly, that traditional religions spread through digital media; secondly, that religious contents play a large role in digital media; and, thirdly, that there is an emergence of religions of digital media, placing digital technology itself at the center of religious speculation. As a consequence, the authors argue that this digitalization of religion makes clear that sociological assumptions about the incompatibility between technology and religion and related theories about progressive secularization and disenchantment have become problematic.
Masculinities Theory as Impetus for Change in Feminism and Law
Authors: McGinley Ann C.
Published: November 2021

“Masculinities studies” refers to a body of theory and scholarship by gender experts in various fields of social science that has enriched the feminist analysis of law. In drawing on and incorporating masculinities theories into their work, feminist legal scholars have defined “masculinities” as a structure that gives men as a group power over women as a group, a set of “masculine” practices designed to maintain group power, and the engagement in or “doing” of these masculine practices. Although masculinities studies originated in fields outside law, legal scholars have adopted insights raised by masculinities scholars, combined with those of feminist theory, queer theory, and critical race theory, to develop a legal theory of masculinities that proposes new legal interpretations and policies that better correspond to the lived experiences of persons of different genders, races, and classes. This chapter explores how masculinities research has influenced legal feminism in the United States.