bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey Based Study on Fog Computing Awareness
Authors:   Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi, Pakistan, Javed Zainab , Mahmood Waqas
Published: April 2021

In this day and age, the rise in technological advancements has the potential to improve and transform our lives every day. The rapid technology innovation can have a great impact on our business operations. Currently, Cloud computing services are popular and offer a wide range of opportunities for their customers. This paper presents a survey on a more recent computing architecture paradigm known as Fog Computing. Fog networking is a beneficial solution that offers the greater facility of data storage, enhanced computing, and networking resources. This new concept of fog complements cloud solution by facilitating its customers with better security, real-time analysis improved efficiency. To get a clear picture and understanding of how fog computing functions, we have performed an extensive literature review. We also presented a comparative study of fog computing with cloud and grid computing architectures. In this study, we have conducted a survey that led us to the conclusion that fog computing solution is still not applicable and implemented in most of the IoT industries due to the lack of awareness and the high architecture’s cost. Results of the study also indicate that optimized data storage and security are a few of the factors that can motivate organizations to implement the Fog computing architecture. Furthermore, the challenges related to fog computing solution are reviewed for progressive developments in the future.
Agriculture Development of the Nitra Region in the Context of Slovakia after year 2004
Authors: Némethová Jana , Feszterová, Melánia
Published: April 2021

The agriculture in Slovakia has undergone structural changes since its accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004, that have been linked to the adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU Member States. The article focuses on the Nitra region as a typical agricultural region of Slovakia and its development from the agricultural point of view from 2004. Compared to other Slovak regions the Nitra region has good soil climatic ratios, for the development of agriculture. The Nitra region has the largest share of agricultural land which is characterized by a high-level share of arable land from total agricultural land. The region has the highest values in gross agricultural production from the 2004-2016 reporting period. It has good results in plant and livestock production. The region has the highest employment in agriculture. Despite the decline in agricultural land, as well as a decline in total employment in agriculture, the region has the highest employment in agriculture in Slovakia. It is characterized by a well-developed business structure for intensive agricultural production.
Efficacy of methadone for the management of postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Arriaza Nicolás , Papuzinski Cristian , Kirmayr Matías , Matta Marcelo , Aranda Fernando , Stojanova Jana , Madrid Eva
Published: April 2021

Background Postoperative pain management contributes to reducing postoperative morbidity and unscheduled readmission. Compared to other opioids that manage postoperative pain like morphine, few randomized trials have tested the efficacy of intraoperatively administered methadone to provide evidence for its regular use or be included in clinical guidelines. Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing the use of intraoperative methadone to assess its impact on postoperative pain. Eighty-six patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were allocated to receive either methadone (0.08 mg/kg) or morphine (0.08 mg/kg). Results Individuals who received methadone required less rescue morphine in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit for postoperative pain than those who received morphine (p = 0.0078). The patients from the methadone group reported less pain at 5 and 15 minutes and 12 and 24 hours following Post Anesthesia Care Unit discharge, exhibiting fewer episodes of nausea. Time to eye-opening was equivalent between the two groups. Conclusion Intraoperative use of methadone resulted in better management of postoperative pain, supporting its use as part of a multimodal pain management strategy for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under remifentanil-based anesthesia.
Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with COVID-19: A report of 10 cases in a Peruvian hospital
Authors: Luna-Muñoz Consuelo , Reyes-Florian Giuliana , Seminario-Aliaga Martin , Stapleton-Herbozo Angie , Correa-López Lucy E. , Quiñones-Laveriano Dante M.
Published: April 2021

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 is a potentially severe and rare condition that still needs a better understanding to guide its management. Reports worldwide, and especially in Latin America, are still scarce. This report presents ten cases of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 in children between 2 and 12 years old treated in a Peruvian hospital, diagnosed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was detected through serological tests (immunoglobulin M or G). Most had gastrointestinal symptoms. Therapeutics consisted mainly of intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, digoxin, and antibiotic therapy. Three patients underwent mechanical ventilation; no mortality occurred in this case series. In conclusion, the manifestations presented here are similar to those reported in the literature. A timely diagnosis is necessary for proper management.
Empowered and resilient: Educating young people in neoliberal ideology
Authors: Espinosa Zepeda Horacio
Published: April 2021

This article recovers the concept of "Ideology", anathematised by postmodern hegemony; here, taken out of the theoretical opprobrium in which it is found, I use it to carry out a critique of a youth-oriented community development program in the city of Barcelona. This approach should not be an exception, given that young people are so mercilessly bombarded with social programs elaborated around clearly ideological concepts such as "resilience" or "empowerment". Contrary to a certain commonplace narrative that defends the withdrawal of the state while facing the forces of the market, that process of neoliberal ideologisation is carried out not only with the acquiescence of states, but also with their active participation. The analysis of a public program such as this one shows, empirically, how governments are complicit with market forces through programs that transmit and put into practice neoliberal ideology.
Re-Framing and Exploring Online Suicidal Games as a Specific Form of Cyberbullying
Authors: Thodelius Charlotta
Published: April 2021

This article discusses online suicide games as a part of cyberbullying with the game called “Blue Whale Challenge” as an empirical case. The three-fold aim is to (i) identify key social mechanisms related to participation and engagement, (ii) discuss the phenomena in a broader sociological and criminological framework, and (iii) compare social mechanisms in BWC with mechanisms in cyberbullying. The analysis was conducted in two steps, firstly a case study based on a combination of media reports and extracts from different social media posts related to BWC was conducted. Secondly, the result from the case study was re-analyzed in relation to key elements identified in cyberbullying, to conclude if and how BWC can be defined as a form of cyberbullying. The results show that BWC can be defined as a specific form of cyberbullying, but victimization is created differently in BWC compared to victimization in cyberbullying.
DNA Sequencing to Evaluate Nail Pathogens: An Investigation into Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Love Ebony , Furmanek Jonathan D. , Foote Courtney M. , McGuire James , Labbad Ziad
Published: April 2021

Background

It is well established and accepted that fungi are a major contributing factor in nail dystrophy. It has also been recognized that bacteria play a crucial role in onycholysis. However, the bacteria and fungi that can be grown on culture media in the laboratory are only a small fraction of the total diversity that exists in nature. Contemporary studies have revealed that fungi and bacteria often form physically and metabolically interdependent consortia that harbor properties and pathogenicity distinct from those of their individual components. Metagenomic DNA “shotgun” sequencing has proved useful in determining microbial etiology in clinical samples, effective for not only bacteria but also fungi, archaea, and viruses.

Methods

Thirty-nine consecutive nail and subungual debris samples with suspected onychomycosis were sent for laboratory analysis using three examination techniques: DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction analysis, and standard fungal culture. The nail plate and surrounding areas were disinfected with an ethyl alcohol swab before nail sampling. Samples from 16 patients were analyzed for suspected onychomycosis with DNA sequencing, searching a database of 25,000 known pathogens. These results were compared with 15 real-time polymerase chain reaction screening assays and eight fungal cultures sampled with the same methods.

Results

The DNA sequencing detected 32 species of bacteria and 28 species of fungi: 50% were solely bacterial, 6.3% were solely fungal, and 43.7% were mixed communities of bacteria and fungi.

Conclusions

Toenails tested with DNA sequencing demonstrated the presence of both bacteria and fungi in many samples. Further work is required to fully investigate its relevance to nail pathology and treatment.
Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket as an Overlooked Etiology of Congenital-Residual Hallux Varus: A Case Report
Authors: Kadıoğlu Barış , Güven Melih , Akman Budak , Özkan Namık K.
Published: April 2021

Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket is a rare ossification disorder of the short tubular bones. The affected bone becomes deformed as a result of the bracket. The normal growth pattern cannot occur, and when it affects the first metatarsal bone, hallux varus may develop with the abnormal growth pattern. We present such a 6-year-old patient who had undergone surgery at 6 months of age for hallux varus and polydactyly. The deformity had worsened gradually after the initial operation because of the overlooked longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the epiphyseal bracket, with corrective medial open wedge osteotomy and split transfer of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. The result was excellent at the 20-month follow-up. At an early age, patients who present with hallux varus must be checked for the epiphyseal bracket, which can be invisible on radiographs because of the chondral structure. Untreated or overlooked patients with epiphyseal bracket will need revision operations for recurrent deformities.
A Case of Schwannoma of the Lateral Aspect of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Authors: Pajazetovic Adi , Dahukey Amram
Published: April 2021

A schwannoma is a benign tumor with a neurogenic origin that affects peripheral nerves. It arises from the neural sheath of the peripheral nerves. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman who presented to our clinic with a painful schwannoma of her superficial peroneal nerve at the level of the ankle. The patient was treated with surgical excision, and diagnosis was confirmed with pathologic analysis.
A cross-sectional study of functional and metabolic changes during aging through the lifespan in male mice
Authors: Petr Michael A , Alfaras Irene , Krawcyzk Melissa , Bair Woei-Nan , Mitchell Sarah J , Morrell Christopher H , Studenski Stephanie A , Price Nathan L , Fishbein Kenneth W , Spencer Richard G , Scheibye-Knudsen Morten , Lakatta Edward G , Ferrucci Luigi , Aon Miguel A , Bernier Michel , de Cabo Rafael
Published: April 2021

Aging is associated with distinct phenotypical, physiological, and functional changes, leading to disease and death. The progression of aging-related traits varies widely among individuals, influenced by their environment, lifestyle, and genetics. In this study, we conducted physiologic and functional tests cross-sectionally throughout the entire lifespan of male C57BL/6N mice. In parallel, metabolomics analyses in serum, brain, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle were also performed to identify signatures associated with frailty and age-dependent functional decline. Our findings indicate that declines in gait speed as a function of age and frailty are associated with a dramatic increase in the energetic cost of physical activity and decreases in working capacity. Aging and functional decline prompt organs to rewire their metabolism and substrate selection and toward redox-related pathways, mainly in liver and heart. Collectively, the data provide a framework to further understand and characterize processes of aging at the individual organism and organ levels.
Therapeutic inhibition of keratinocyte TRPV3 sensory channel by local anesthetic dyclonine
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Jin , Wei Xin , Hu Juan , Ping Conghui , Gao Yue , Xie Chang , Wang Peiyu , Cao Peng , Cao Zhengyu , Yu Ye , Li Dongdong , Yao Jing
Published: April 2021

The multimodal sensory channel transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) is expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and implicated in chronic pruritus, allergy, and inflammation-related skin disorders. Gain-of-function mutations of TRPV3 cause hair growth disorders in mice and Olmsted syndrome in humans. Nevertheless, whether and how TRPV3 could be therapeutically targeted remains to be elucidated. We here report that mouse and human TRPV3 channel is targeted by the clinical medication dyclonine that exerts a potent inhibitory effect. Accordingly, dyclonine rescued cell death caused by gain-of-function TRPV3 mutations and suppressed pruritus symptoms in vivo in mouse model. At the single-channel level, dyclonine inhibited TRPV3 open probability but not the unitary conductance. By molecular simulations and mutagenesis, we further uncovered key residues in TRPV3 pore region that could toggle the inhibitory efficiency of dyclonine. The functional and mechanistic insights obtained on dyclonine-TRPV3 interaction will help to conceive therapeutics for skin inflammation.
Negative psychological aspects of working with experimental animals in scientific research
Authors: Mamzer Hanna , Zok Agnieszka , Białas Piotr , Andrusiewicz Mirosław
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to reveal the negative psychological aspects of using animals by scientists and to determine whether the emotional tensions and stress are associated with performing experiments on animals. All 150 participants of the study conduct experiments on animals in their work. Computer-assisted web interviewing, was used to collect the data. Correlation matrices for factorial analysis of main component loads and cluster analysis have been calculated as grouping methods revealed two different categories of researchers, which were mostly distinguished by acceptance and aversion to animal testing and animal welfare. The main findings demonstrated, that there is a group of respondents who feel discomfort when performing experiments on animals. Especially young people involved in animal testing, feel remorse, emotional tension and helplessness.
An integrated model of seasonal changes in stock composition and abundance with an application to Chinook salmon
Authors: Freshwater Cameron , Anderson Sean C. , Beacham Terry D. , Luedke Wilf , Wor Catarina , King Jackie
Published: April 2021

Population-specific spatial and temporal distribution data are necessary to identify mechanisms regulating abundance and to manage anthropogenic impacts. However the distributions of highly migratory species are often difficult to resolve, particularly when multiple populations’ movements overlap. Here we present an integrated model to estimate spatially-stratified, seasonal trends in abundance and population composition, using data from extensive genetic sampling of commercial and recreational Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fisheries in southern British Columbia. We use the model to estimate seasonal changes in population-specific standardized catch per unit effort (a proxy for abundance) across six marine regions, while accounting for annual variability in sampling effort and uncertain genetic stock assignment. We also share this model as an R package stockseasonr for application to other regions and species. Even at the relatively small spatial scales considered here, we found that patterns in seasonal abundance differed among regions and stocks. While certain locations were clearly migratory corridors, regions within the Salish Sea exhibited diverse, and often weak, seasonal patterns in abundance, emphasizing that they are important, year-round foraging habitats. Furthermore, we found evidence that stocks with similar freshwater life histories and adult run timing, as well as relatively proximate spawning locations, exhibited divergent distributions. Our findings highlight subtle, but important differences in how adult Chinook salmon use marine habitats. Down-scaled model outputs could be used to inform ecosystem-based management efforts by resolving the degree to which salmon overlap with other species of concern, as well as specific fisheries. More broadly, variation in stock-specific abundance among regions indicates efforts to identify mechanisms driving changes in size-at-maturity and natural mortality should account for distinct marine distributions.
Prediction and analysis of novel key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5, SERPINE1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sui Yingli , Lu Kun , Fu Lin
Published: April 2021

Background

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most aggressive subtype of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) with high metastasis and recurrence rates. This study aims to find new potential key genes of CCRCC.

Methods

Four gene expression profiles (GSE12606, GSE53000, GSE68417, and GSE66272) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The TCGA KIRC data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using GEO2R, the differentially expressed genes (DEG) in CCRCC tissues and normal samples were analyzed. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed in DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub gene was predicted by STRING and Cytoscape. GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases were used for further screening of Key genes. Expression verification and survival analysis of key genes were performed using TCGA database, GEPIA database, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of key genes in CCRCC, which is plotted by R software based on TCGA database. UALCAN database was used to analyze the relationship between key genes and clinical pathology in CCRCC and the methylation level of the promoter of key genes in CCRCC.

Results

A total of 289 up-regulated and 449 down-regulated genes were identified based on GSE12606, GSE53000, GSE68417, and GSE66272 profiles in CCRCC. The upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched with protein binding and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, whereas down-regulated genes were enriched with the integral component of the membrane and metabolic pathways. Next, the top 35 genes were screened out from the PPI network according to Degree, and three new key genes ITGAX, LAPTM5 and SERPINE1 were further screened out through survival and prognosis analysis. Further results showed that the ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 levels in CCRCC tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. ROC curve shows that ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 have good diagnostic value with good specificity and sensitivity. The promoter methylation levels of ITGAX, LAPTM5 and SERPINE1 in CCRCC tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in normal tissues. We also found that key genes were associated with clinical pathology in CCRCC.

Conclusion

ITGAX, LAPTM5, and SERPINE1 were identified as novel key candidate genes that could be used as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CCRCC.
Performance Evaluation of Senior Secondary School Students’ Mock Examination Questions in Chemistry in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Atari Maryamu Buba , Bika Joseph Maundis , Kojigili Stephen Tizhe
Published: April 2021

The study examined the content validity of Chemistry MOCK examination questions for senior secondary school students set by Adamawa State Educational Resource Centre (ERC), Yola. Students have been passing the MOCK examinations but unfortunately performance poorly in the subject in their final year external examination like WAEC in Adamawa State. The main objective of the study was to determine the representativeness of the topics in the senior secondary school Chemistry curriculum in the MOCK examination question papers from 2015 to 2019. Three research questions were raised and two research hypotheses formulated. An ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised all MOCK examination questions in Chemistry and those involved in handling Chemistry MOCK question papers which includes both essay and objective examination questions. The research instrument used for the study was MOCK examination question papers in Chemistry in order to determine whether the contents are as indicated in Chemistry curriculum for senior secondary schools. The validity of the instrument was determined by some experts. And for the reliability of the instrument, a trial-test was conducted where a reliability index of 0.75 was obtained using Cronbach alpha. The research questions were answered using descriptive statistics while the null hypotheses were tested using Chi-square. The findings of study revealed that the content validity of the chemistry MOCK examination questions has not yet improved in order to prepare the students of senior secondary schools in Adamawa state for WAEC, NECO or NABTEB examinations.
Factors of the Prevalence of COVID-19 for Females in Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Yenew
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia is a global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Amhara Region is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara people. The main objective of this study was to identify factors of the prevalence of COVID-19 for females in Amhara region. The data set was obtained from Amhara Public Health Institute 2020.  A negative Binomial regression model was conducted to find out the determinants of the prevalence of COVID-19 for females. Out of 5,627 confirmed cases, 96 patients have died and 1,483 confirmed cases were females from 138 daily reports.  Number of recovered COVID-19 cases ( = -0.4566332, 95%CI: (-0.7364772, -0.1767892), P-value < 0.05), severe cases ( = 1.038589, 95%CI: (0.7531619, 1.324017), P-value < 0.05), total deaths ( = 0.5164175, 95% CI: (0.1438362, 0.8889987), P-value <0.05) and the average age of patients per day ( = 1.511936, 95% C.I: (0.9220257, 2.101846), P-value < 0.05 ) were statistically significant factors for the confirmed case of COVID-19 for females in Amhara region. Above 30 average age of patients per day, below 19 number of recovered cases, above 12 number of severe cases, and above two number of deaths are optimally high-risk factors of confirmed cases of COVID-19 for females.
Effect of the Different Surface Coatings and Packaging Materials for Shelf Life and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) CV. Allahabad Safeda
Authors: Saharika Sirisilla , Joshi Veena , Prasanth P. , Vijaya D.
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate the potentiality of surface coatings and packaging for achieving extended shelf life with enhance fruit quality attributes in Guava under ambient storage condition.

Study Design:  The lab experiment conducted in complete randomized design three replications on Allahabad safeda of Guava.

Place and Duration of Study:  The experiment was conducted during November 2019 at College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.

Methodology: Guava freshly harvested fruits were coated with two different coatings Chitosan (1%), Aloe vera gel (25%) and three different packaging materials viz., Polypropylene 100 gauge, HDPE 50 microns and LDPE 50 microns comprising of six treatments with four replications in Completely Randomized Design. Periodically effects of surface coatings were observed for physiological loss in weight, Shelf Life (days), Firmness (Kg/cm2), Total Soluble Solids (%), Titrable Acidity (%), Ascorbic Acid (mg/100g), Total Sugars (%), Reducing Sugars (%), Non-Reducing Sugars (%).

Results: With respect to physical parameters, lowest decay percent (13.28%), minimum PLW (14.61%) was recorded in T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns and highest was recorded in T6- Aloe vera 25% + LDPE 50 microns (15.49% &18.80%) on 12th day of storage. Highest shelf life (12.91 days) was recorded in T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns which was at par with T5- Aloe vera 25%+ HDPE 50 microns (12.89 days) and lowest shelf life (11.25 days) was recorded in T1 - Chitosan 1% + PP 100 gauge. Highest TSS (10.33oB), From this study it could be concluded that surface coatings, packaging materials found to have influence on the shelf life and quality of guava. Among the packaging materials HDPE 50 microns was superior followed by PP 50 microns and LDPE 100 gauge.

Conclusion: The combined effect of surface coatings and packaging materials revealed that T2- Chitosan 1% + HDPE 50 microns followed by T5- Aloe vera 25%+ HDPE 50 microns were found to be superior over other treatments with respect to physical, shelf life and quality parameters.
COVID-19 Disease in the Paediatric Population: A Cross Sectional Study at the University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Yaguo-Ide L. E. , Eke G. K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Globally, there has been a destruction of human lives, economies and health systems by the novel corona virus pandemic. Presently there is no known certain cure, although a number of vaccines have been proposed to prevent the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was first seen as increasing number of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative organism.

Objectives: To screen paediatric patients for COVID-19 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and to know their pattern of presentation.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, not controlled, over a period of six weeks, using interviewer administered structured questionnaire which was adapted and used at the Accident and Emergency Department for patients triaging as a COVID-19 Risk assessment tool. No action was required for a score of 0-7, while admission into COVID-19 holding area following review by IDU was recommended for a score 8 ≥17. All children brought into the department, requiring treatment were screened.

Results: There were 131 patients, 74 (56.5%) males and 56 (42.7%) females, with a mean age 7.2 ± 5.41 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1. Four children (3%) had a total score of ≥ 8, while half of them (n=2; 50%) tested positive for COVID-19, giving a disease prevalence of 1.5%. Both cases were females; fever and difficulty in breathing were the commonest symptoms. No mortality was recorded.

Conclusions: COVID-19 prevalence is low in children, and they have a good outcome. A community-based study is recommended.
Neuroprotective Propensity of 4-Allylpyrocatechol Derivatives against Oxaliplatin Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Annavarapu Tirupathi Rao , Kamepalli Sujana , Kotra Vijay , Rao G. Venkata
Published: April 2021

Chemotherapy is used for the treatment of rapidly growing cell diseases in the body. It is most used for the treatment of different kinds of tumors. It can develop neuropathic pain due to damage of peripheral nerve cells and it is called Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). In this study, we have reported the protective effects of 4-allyl pyrocatechol (4-APC) and its derivatives from biochemical and functional deficits associated with oxaliplatin (OP) induced neuropathy. The animals were submitted to mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia tests, after treatment with OP three times weekly at 0.20 mg/kg and 4-APC and derivatives (10 mg/kg & 30 mg/kg). The pain parameters were evaluated during the treatment period and at the end of treatment. 4-APC significantly prevented the mice from behavioural and biochemical alterations associated with OP-induced neuropathy. Thus, we conclude from this study, the use of 4-APC and its derivatives with OP might reduce the number of patients who develop painful peripheral neuropathy.
Prime Risk Factors to Act as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Verma Manish Kr , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Anand Narayan , Sharma Preeti , Kumar Suman , Singh Desh Deepak , Verma Poonam , Sharma Rachna
Published: April 2021

Aims: This study was done to find out retrospective case-control with respect to myocardial infarction diagnosis on the basis of biochemical markers and lipid profile characteristics.

Design and Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and sample collection at LPS Institute of Cardiology & Cardiac Surgery Department, Kanpur.

Methods: The total number of subjects participated in this study (n=178), of either sex (with age>65years) were included in this study from the case collected from Outpatient Department (OPD) and Indoor Patient Department (IPD) and control from patients attendant, which consisted of two subject groups: The group I: myocardial infarction (cases) n= 89 and Group II: Healthy Subjects (controls) n= 89. Laboratory methodology was performed to determine the prime important risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and lipid profile characteristics associated with myocardial infarction. Risk factors were analyzed by Chi-square and Pearson correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method considered significant when the critical, P <0.01level was set up, for a 95% confidence interval.

Results: Total number of (n=178) participants (males=65; mean age of 65 years, females=24, mean age of 58 years) at 95% CI were considered in this study, out of these, 89 individuals were expected to have risk of myocardial infarction (especially observed in case groups), and remaining 89 individuals were considered as control groups, all were included as, study subjects.

Conclusion: The current study concludes the importance of myocardial infarction in presence of prognostic inflammatory markers: higher IL-6 and plasma fibrinogen level, instead of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, incase and control groups.
Population Awareness and Attitude towards First Aid in Burn in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Fairaq Arwa
Published: April 2021

Background: Worldwide, an estimated 180, 000 deaths per year are caused by burns. Majority occur in low- and middle-income countries. Inadequate awareness of burn first aid has been reported in both developed and developing countries. In Saudi Arabia, studies reported inadequate level of knowledge of general population of first aid in burns emergencies including communities of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Jeddah, Riyadh, Majmaah and Hail.

Objective: we aim to assess the general knowledge and attitude regrading burn first aid among Makkah Al-Mukarramah population. Thus, the results of this study could help to understand the need of community to more implantation of Health Awareness Campaigns to help burn injuries managements.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey. A total of 1390 participants completed the questionnaire from 15 February to 15 March 2019.

Results: Around 51.4% believed that washing burned area with cold water is the immediate first aid in 1st degree burns, 38.3% and 61.7% believed that going to the nearest emergency department is the immediate first aid in 2nd and 3rd degree burns, respectively. Around 46.7% agreed to remove the clothes stuck to the burned skin in case of burns , 34.5% applied traditional home remedy including toothpaste, honey, tomato paste or egg.

Conclusion: we found that population of western region have fair knowledge and attitude towards first aid in burns. However, traditional home remedy practice still present. Health Awareness Campaigns still needed to improve community attitude towards burn injuries managements furthermore.
Formulation and Evaluation of Eudragit Rl100 Polymeric Drug Loaded Microsponge for Ophthalmic Use
Authors: Ambikar Rajashri B. , Bhosale Ashok V.
Published: April 2021

Aims: The aim of this work is the formulation of Eudragit RL100 polymeric microsponges. The Microsponge Delivery System is a patented technique in which there is a polymeric system consisting of porous particles.

Methodology: The ratio of Diclofenac sodium and eudragit RL100 varied from 1:1 to 13: 1 to formulate microsponge. Dichloromethane was used as internal phase and polyvinylalcohol was used as an external phase. The formed microsponges were characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release and SEM.

Results: With increase in drug: polymer ratio there is increase in production yield from 20.04% to 72.14%, and entrapment efficiency from 20.11% to 70.77%.  Drug content of formed microsponge varied between 50.18% to 91.09% whereas particle size ranged from 1.41 µm to 17.66 µm. Microsponge formulations F3, F4 and F5 showed desired particle size hence studied for further evaluation. Formulation F3, F4 and F5 showed controlled release of 89.54%, 98.5% and 98.76% respectively up to 6 hr. F3 showed more controlled release at the end of 6 hr. The drug release from microsponges was best fitted to Higuchi’s diffusion kinetics for all microsponge formulations with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The formed microsponge particles have spherical porous structure.

Conclusion: Study showed significance of Microsponge Delivery System for ophthalmic administration.
Polarization Properties of Solid-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for 1550 nm
Authors: Cortez-Herrera Marco Antonio , Tentori Diana
Published: April 2021

Due to its microstructure, photonic crystal fibers present wavelength regions with polarization-dependent loss, an aspect not observed in conventional fibers. We include this fact in their polarization characterization. In this research, the use of polarimetric methods to two different types of large-mode-area microstructured fibers has shown that both samples exhibited elliptical birefringence with residual torsion. We present the modifications required to perform the evaluation and justify its theoretical bases.
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing
Authors: Rozing Gerard
Published: April 2021

Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) has proven to be a very versatile separation method for characterization, identification, purity determination, and quantitation of amphoteric substances such as peptides and proteins. CIEF has become an indispensable and invaluable analytical tool in proteomics research, in the development of new biotherapeutics and in quality and process control of their manufacturing. The method is based on arranging and separating proteins according to their isoelectric point (pI), allowing to determine changes in the charge state of proteins after structural modifications such as deamidation, oxidation, isomerization, N‐terminus modification, disulfide formation, and glycosylation. Modifications that change biochemical characteristics of biotherapeutics such as their isoelectric point (pI) reduce their safety and long‐term stability, influence drug efficacy, and increase undesired immunogenicity.
Multi‐Dimensional Printing for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Qu Moyuan , Wang Canran , Zhou Xingwu , Libanori Alberto , Jiang Xing , Xu Weizhe , Zhu Songsong , Chen Qianming , Sun Wujin , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: April 2021

The development of 3D printing has significantly advanced the field of bone tissue engineering by enabling the fabrication of scaffolds that faithfully recapitulate desired mechanical properties and architectures. In addition, computer‐based manufacturing relying on patient‐derived medical images permits the fabrication of customized modules in a patient‐specific manner. In addition to conventional 3D fabrication, progress in materials engineering has led to the development of 4D printing, allowing time‐sensitive interventions such as programed therapeutics delivery and modulable mechanical features. Therapeutic interventions established via multi‐dimensional engineering are expected to enhance the development of personalized treatment in various fields, including bone tissue regeneration. Here, recent studies utilizing 3D printed systems for bone tissue regeneration are summarized and advances in 4D printed systems are highlighted. Challenges and perspectives for the future development of multi‐dimensional printed systems toward personalized bone regeneration are also discussed.
Gold Nanorod@Ruthenium Oxide Core–Shell Heterostructures: Synthesis, Single‐Particle Characterizations, and Enhanced Hot Electron Generation
Authors: Xie Hao , Wang Kaiyu , Li Yue , Zhao Fei , Ye Yang , Ye Weixiang , Ni Weihai
Published: April 2021

A synthetic approach has been developed towards encapsulating gold nanorods (AuNRs) with conductive ruthenium oxide (RuO2) by the hydrolysis of ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in an autoclave. The reaction conditions are investigated systematically. The resultant AuNR@RuO2 heterostructures are encapsulated with uniform RuO2 shells and are monodispersed in aqueous solutions. Correlated dark‐field microscopic (DFM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characterizations on AuNR@RuO2 nanostructures are performed at single‐particle level, providing the plasmonic properties in correspondence with the size and structure details of the core–shell nanostructures. The complex refractive indexes of RuO2 shell on single nanostructures are further determined by fitting the calculated spectra to the measured ones. Hot electron (HE) photocurrent measurement employing a photoelectrochemical cell shows the encapsulation of the AuNR with 8.2‐nm RuO2 shell results in a 2.9‐fold enhancement at 638 nm, in good agreement with the theoretical calculation. The calculation indicates enhancement ratio exceeding 50 at 800 nm. The mechanism behind is the substantial enhancement of the electric field inside the RuO2 shell as well as less loss in comparison to plasmonic metals, while the conductive nature of RuO2 allows for the transfer of HEs generated inside the shell to the environment.
Machine Learning Enabled Quickly Predicting of Detonation Properties of N‐Containing Molecules for Discovering New Energetic Materials
Authors: Hou Fang , Ma Yi , Hu Zheng , Ding Shining , Fu Haihan , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu
Published: April 2021

Energetic materials are widely used in the fields of military, civil engineering, and space exploration. The discovery of new energetic materials is essential to develop next‐generation technologies of weapon, mining, construction, and rocket propelling. In this study, a machine‐learning‐assisted method is developed for accelerating the discovery of new energetic materials via efficient prediction and quick screening. Suitable neural networks are established for accurately predicting the detonation properties of various N‐containing molecules based on their structures, including density (ρ), detonation velocity (D), and detonation pressure (P). Then, the minimum database volume for high‐precision extended prediction is determined. A proof‐of‐concept study for discovering new energetic compounds using machine learning is carried out, and 31 new N‐containing molecules with outstanding detonation properties are discovered. It is expected that the development of next‐generation energetic materials is greatly accelerated by the application of this strategy assisted by machine learning.
Halogen‐Bonded Organic Framework (XOF) Based on Iodonium‐Bridged N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N Interactions: A Type of Diphase Periodic Organic Network
Authors: Gong Guanfei , Lv Siheng , Han Jixin , Xie Fei , Li Qian , Xia Ning , Zeng Wei , Chen Yi , Wang Lu , Wang Jike , Chen Shigui
Published: April 2021

Due to the fascinating structures and wide applications, porous materials with open frameworks have attracted more and more attentions. Herein, a novel two‐dimensional (2D) halogen‐bonded organic framework (XOF–TPPE) was successfully designed and fabricated by iodonium‐bridged N⋅⋅⋅I+⋅⋅⋅N interactions between pyridyl groups and I+ for the first time. The formation of XOF–TPPE and its linear analogue was monitored by 1H NMR, UV–Vis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), IR, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED). The structural model of XOF–TPPE was established based on powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) data and theoretical simulations. Significantly, synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), DLS and UV–Vis spectroscopy experiments suggested that XOF–TPPE still maintains a stable 2D framework structure in solutions. This research opens up a novel avenue for the development of organic frameworks materials, and may bring new promising applications for the field of porous materials.
A Promising NIR‐II Fluorescent Sensor for Peptide‐Mediated Long‐Term Monitoring of Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Chen Ying , Pei Peng , Lei Zuhai , Zhang Xin , Yin Dongrui , Zhang Fan
Published: April 2021

Kidney disease is usually “silent” at the early stage but can lead to severe kidney failure later on. The development of bioimaging probes with rapid distribution and long‐term retention in the kidney is significant for the precise diagnosis of renal diseases. Here, a strategy for the peptide‐mediated delivery and long‐term accumulation (>48 h) of second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorophores into the kidney is demonstrated. It is shown that both the hepatic‐cleared organic molecules and fast renal‐cleared ultrasmall nanoparticles can be retained in the kidney after conjugation to the peptide with high polarity. Moreover, a ROS‐responsive activatable bilateral NIR‐II sensor was designed based on the kidney targeting peptide, which enables both in vivo long‐term kidney monitoring and in vitro urine analysis. The capability of the peptide‐based sensor to detect early kidney injury and report on kidney dysfunctional progression is particularly crucial for chemotherapy regimen optimization and timely renoprotective intervention during medication.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Manginoids A and C and Guignardones A and C
Authors: Zong Yan , Xu Ze‐Jun , Zhu Rong‐Xiu , Su Ai‐Hong , Liu Xu‐Yuan , Zhu Ming‐Zhu , Han Jing‐Jing , Zhang Jiao‐Zhen , Xu Yu‐Liang , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: April 2021

An enantioselective synthetic approach for preparing manginoids and guignardones, two types of biogenetically related meroterpenoids, is reported. This bioinspired and divergent synthesis employs an oxidative 1,3‐dicarbonyl radical‐initiated cyclization and cyclodehydration of the common precursor to forge the central ring of the manginoids and guignardones, respectively, at a late stage. Key synthetic steps include silica‐gel‐promoted semipinacol rearrangement to form the 6‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton and the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of vinyl bromide to achieve fragment coupling. This synthesis protocol enables the asymmetric syntheses of four fungal meroterpenoids from commercially available materials.
Electrochemical Measurements Reveal Reactive Oxygen Species in Stress Granules**
Authors: Hu Keke , Relton Emily , Locker Nicolas , Phan Nhu T. N. , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: April 2021

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane‐less organelles that assemble in the cytoplasm to organize cellular contents and promote rapid adaptation during stress. To understand how SGs contribute to physiological functions, we used electrochemical measurements to detect electroactive species in SGs. With amperometry, we discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are encapsulated inside arsenite‐induced SGs, and H2O2 is the main species. The release kinetics of H2O2 from single SGs and the number of H2O2 molecules were quantified. The discovery that SGs contain ROS implicates them as communicators of the cellular stresses rather than a simple endpoint. This may explain how SGs regulate cellular metabolism and stress responses. This may also help better understand their cytoprotective functions in pathological conditions associated with SGs such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), cancers and viral infections.
Direct and Enantioselective Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Kennington Stuart C. D. , Teloxa Saul F. , Mellado‐Hidalgo Miguel , Galeote Oriol , Puddu Sabrina , Bellido Marina , Romea Pedro , Urpí Fèlix , Aullón Gabriel , Font‐Bardia Mercè
Published: April 2021

A direct and asymmetric aldol reaction of N‐acyl thiazinanethiones with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by chiral nickel(II) complexes is reported. The reaction gives the corresponding O‐TIPS‐protected anti‐aldol adducts in high yields and with remarkable stereocontrol and atom economy. Furthermore, the straightforward removal of the achiral scaffold provides enantiomerically pure intermediates of synthetic interest, which involve precursors for anti‐α‐amino‐β‐hydroxy and α,β‐dihydroxy carboxylic derivatives. Theoretical calculations explain the observed high stereocontrol.
Green preparation of thermal and solvent resistant poly (tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐perfluoropropylvinyl ether) hollow fiber membrane for organic solvent recycling
Authors: Chen Kaikai , Shu Xi , Xiao Changfa , Zhang Tai , Ling Haoyang
Published: April 2021

So far, the organic solvent recycling still has great challenges. Herein, the thermal and solvent resistant poly (tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐perfluoropropylvinyl ether) (PFA) hollow fiber membranes (TS‐PFA HFMs) were continuously designed by on‐line compound technique for organic solvent recycling. The experiment results indicated that the increased sintering temperature brought about the porous surface and loose internal cavity structures. Importantly, the membrane exhibited the excellent thermal resistance at 70°C working condition. Furthermore, part of the poly (vinyl alcohol) was retained in the membrane which was competent to create synergistic effects, and endowed the membrane with not only favorable elasticity but also remarkable hot water resistance. Finally, the excellent organic solvent recycling ability of the membrane was demonstrated in simulated non‐aqueous solvent dyeing system. Specifically, no organic solvents or other hazardous substances were used during the fabrication process, which can realize the green preparation of the membrane.