bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectroscopy of HR 4796A's Bright Outer Cometary Ring + Tenuous Inner Hot Dust Cloud
Authors: Lisse C. M. , Sitko M. L. , Marengo M. , Vervack R. J. , Fernandez Y. R. , Mittal T. , Chen C. H.
Published: October 2017

We have obtained new NASA/IRTF SpeX spectra of the HR 4796A debris ring system. We find a unique red excess flux that extends out to ∼9 μm in Spitzer IRS spectra, where thermal emission from cold, ∼100 K dust from the system’s ring at ∼75 au takes over. Matching imaging ring photometry, we find the excess consists of NIR reflectance from the ring, which is as red as that of old, processed comet nuclei, plus a tenuous thermal emission component from close-in, T ∼ 850 K circumstellar material evincing an organic/silicate emission feature complex at 7–13 μm. Unusual, emission-like features due to atomic Si, S, Ca, and Sr were found at 0.96–1.07 μm, likely sourced by rocky dust evaporating in the 850 K component. An empirical cometary dust phase function can reproduce the scattered light excess and 1:5 balance of scattered versus thermal energy for the ring with optical depth

in an 8 au wide belt of 4 au vertical height and M
dust > 0.1–0.7 M
Mars. Our results are consistent with HR 4796A, consisting of a narrow shepherded ring of devolatilized cometary material associated with multiple rocky planetesimal subcores and a small steady stream of dust inflowing from this belt to a rock sublimation zone at ∼1 au from the primary. These subcores were built from comets that have been actively emitting large, reddish dust for >0.4 Myr at ∼100 K, the temperature at which cometary activity onset is seen in our solar system.
Two Coexisting Families of Compact Stars: Observational Implications for Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sudip , Bombaci Ignazio , Logoteta Domenico , Thampan Arun V.
Published: October 2017

It is usually thought that a single equation of state (EoS) model “correctly” represents cores of all compact stars. Here we emphasize that two families of compact stars, viz., neutron stars and strange stars, can coexist in nature, and that neutron stars can get converted to strange stars through the nucleation process of quark matter in the stellar center. From our fully general relativistic numerical computations of the structures of fast-spinning compact stars, known as millisecond pulsars, we find that such a stellar conversion causes a simultaneous spin-up and decrease in gravitational mass of these stars. This is a new type of millisecond pulsar evolution through a new mechanism, which gives rise to relatively lower mass compact stars with higher spin rates. This could have an implication for the observed mass and spin distributions of millisecond pulsars. Such a stellar conversion can also rescue some massive, spin-supported millisecond pulsars from collapsing into black holes. Besides, we extend the concept of critical mass

for the neutron star sequence to the case of fast-spinning neutron stars, and point out that neutron star EoS models cannot be ruled out by the stellar mass measurement alone. Finally, we emphasize the additional complexity for constraining EoS models, for example, by stellar radius measurements using X-ray observations, if two families of compact stars coexist.
The Influence of Host Galaxies in Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
Authors: Uddin Syed A. , Mould Jeremy , Lidman Chris , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Zhang Bonnie R.
Published: October 2017

We use a sample of 1338 spectroscopically confirmed and photometrically classified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sourced from Carnegie Supernova Project, Center for Astrophysics Supernova Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II, and SuperNova Legacy Survey SN samples to examine the relationships between SNe Ia and the galaxies that host them. Our results provide confirmation with improved statistical significance that SNe Ia, after standardization, are on average more luminous in massive hosts (significance >5σ), and decline more rapidly in massive hosts (significance >9σ) and in hosts with low specific star formation rates (significance >8σ). We study the variation of these relationships with redshift and detect no evolution. We split SNe Ia into pairs of subsets that are based on the properties of the hosts and fit cosmological models to each subset. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, we do not find any significant shift in the best-fit cosmological parameters between the subsets. Among different SN Ia subsets, we find that SNe Ia in hosts with high specific star formation rates have the least intrinsic scatter (σ
int = 0.08 ± 0.01) in luminosity after standardization.
L’Union européenne, un espace social unifié ?
Authors: Brousse Cécile
Published: October 2017

La plupart des théories de la stratification sociale ont pour cadre les espaces nationaux (Wright, Goldthorpe, Esping-Andersen, Bourdieu). Si certaines nomenclatures socio-économiques sont utilisées à des fins de comparaisons internationales (comme l’EGP par exemple), elles sont très rarement appliquées à l’espace européen pris dans son ensemble. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’enquête SILC et sur une version amendée de la nomenclature détaillée des PCS, cet article s’interroge sur la possibilité de transposer le « schéma » de classes de Bourdieu au plan européen. Il montre que si la répartition de la population en trois classes – dominante, intermédiaire et populaire – selon le volume de capital est une configuration que l’on retrouve dans tous les pays européens, la division de ces classes en fractions, selon la composition du capital, est plus marquée dans les pays de l’Ouest de l’Europe. En lien avec les régimes d’État-providence, les pays se différencient par les distances entre classes sociales, plus grandes dans les pays inégalitaires du Sud de l’Europe et plus réduites dans les pays nordiques. Mais les écarts de niveau de revenu et de scolarité sont tels entre les différentes régions européennes que le pays de résidence est au moins aussi structurant de la position sociale au niveau européen que la profession. Autrement dit, à l’échelle de chaque pays, la classe définie par la profession reste un assez bon prédicteur de la position sociale. Il paraît cependant difficile de parler d’un espace social européen unifié.
Comment l’anthropologie de la santé éclaire
Authors: Musso Sandrine
Published: October 2017

Les rodomontades de certains démagogues promettant de supprimer l’aide médicale d’État qui assure une couverture sanitaire minimale aux étrangers en situation irrégulière illustrent l’ignorance répandue des enjeux en la matière. Sandrine Musso revient ainsi utilement sur ces derniers tout en montrant plus largement que cette entrée constitue un puissant révélateur de la condition plus générale des migrants et de l’inadaptation de leur traitement.
The effect of repeated barrel racing on blood biomarkers and physiological parameters in Quarter Horses
Authors: Souza L.A. , Hunka M.M. , Nery P.C.R. , Coelho C.S. , Manso H.E.C.C.C. , Filho H.C. Manso
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate barrel horses undergoing a field test with one repetition. Quarter-Horses were used (14 males and females; average age: 6.5 years old), and they ran two times for 5 min in the same field. Six different periods were evaluated: rest (T-0), immediately after the first (T-1) and second races (T-2), and after 15 (T-15), 30 (T-30) and 240 min (T-240) of recovery. Heart rate (HR), speed, distance and duration were measured using a HR monitor with GPS during the races. Blood was collected to determinate glucose, lactate, total proteins (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, uric acid (UA), triglycerides, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), and cortisol concentrations, as well as to perform a haemogram. The results were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey’s tests using a P-value of 5%, and they showed a maximum HR>200 bpm after both races. The largest %HR>>170 bpm occurred in the second race (P<0.05). Glucose and lactate concentrations were elevated at T-2 (P<0.05). TP, creatinine, UA and triglycerides concentrations remained elevated at T-1, T-2 and T-30 (P<0.05). TP and creatinine concentrations returned to basal concentrations at T-30 (P>0.05), and UA and triglycerides returned to base concentrations at T-240 (P>0.05). NEFA, cholesterol, GGT and CK concentrations did not change (P>0.05). Cortisol concentrations were higher at T-2 (P<0.05) but at T-240 were similar to T-0 (P>0.05). Red blood cell concentrations and haematocrits had higher values after the second race (P<0.05). These results showed that barrel horses had intense exercise and that two races with a short rest interval between them produced similar metabolic and physiologic adaptations between races, showing that the proposed protocol may be a useful tool for field characterisation of horses’ training and may contribute to the implementation of adequate training and nutritional programs.
Evaluation and Assessment of Additive Manufacturing Processes Based on the Least Energy Demand in Application for Sustainable Production
Authors: Kreitlein Sven , Gerter Viktor , Urban Nikolaus , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as an independent reference value for evaluating energy efficiency of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Nowadays an essential challenge is represented by a proper evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison serves as a first step towards the goal in order to reveal the actual energy savings potential of additive manufacturing procedures and to take actions on this basis. Therefore, the first step is to define the general concept, which is used for the calculation of the Least Energy Demand. Moreover, the unit operation-specific Least Energy Demand EGM is introduced based on unit operations. In conclusion, the importance of EGM as a reference value for evaluating the energy efficiency of production processes, defined in DIN 8580, is explained. Within the scope of an application of the illustrated concept the Least Energy Demand and the Relative Energy Efficiency (REE) are calculated using the example of a selective laser melting process.
The Impact of the Model Support Design on the Flow Field of Supersonic Wind Tunnels
Authors: Steppert Michael , Epple Philipp , Steber Michael
Published: October 2017

For the most supersonic wind tunnel applications, the model is mounted on a support system in the test section. For test applications, like schlieren photography or drag force measurements, it is important that the influence of the model support on the measurements is as negligible as possible. To investigate the impact of the model support design on the measured data, four fundamental designs were investigated and combined by a full factorial design process. For this purpose, the force acting on the model plus the model support and the total pressure curves were investigated and analyzed. These results are presented in detail in this work.
Verification of Torricelli’s Efflux Equation with the Analytical Momentum Equation and with Numerical CFD Computations
Authors: Epple Philipp , Steppert Michael , Wunder Luis , Steber Michael
Published: October 2017

The efflux velocity equation from Torricelli is well known in fluid mechanics. It can be derived analytically applying Bernoulli’s equation. Bernoulli’s equation is obtained integrating the momentum equation on a stream line. For verification purposes the efflux velocity for a large tank or vessel was also computed analytically applying the momentum equation, delivering, however, a different result as the Torricelli equation. In order to validate these theoretical results the vertical and the horizontal efflux velocity case was simulated with computational fluid dynamics CFD. Furthermore, simple experiments for the horizontal and vertical efflux equation were performed.
Recycled Plastic Beads Sorting Machine for Polypropylene and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Type with Difference of Density
Authors: Wangrakdiskul Ubolrat , Teammoke Pongsathorn , Laoharatanahirun Weerapat
Published: October 2017

This study aims to design and develop the recycled plastic beads sorting machine for 2 types of plastic beads, which are PP (Polypropylene) and ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Due to the process of preparing plastic materials for producing fan tube and base parts of electric fan, plastic beads scraps has been generated. Presently, the company has separated these scraps with manual method. The workers have stirred them with water for separating scrap types by difference of density. They have operated this process in the overtime period. In addition consuming processing time, this process makes fatigue effect in operators and also consume amount of water for each cycle of separating. Therefore, sorting machine for replacement workers has been developed. It can work for more efficiency than the previous method by reducing processing time by 41.8%. The proposed machine consists of 2 tanks for separating two types of plastic beads at capacity 50 Kg/hr. At the end of each cycle, the water consumed in the previous cycle can be reused. As this method, the proposed machine can reduce consuming water approximately 88.43%. This machine can reduce the number of operators from 2 to 1 person. Finally, payback period for recovering investment of machine comparing with saving labor cost is 1.48 months.
Resource Efficiency Assessment of Alternative Composite Curing Processes
Authors: Jahn Josefine , Kastl Johannes , Klein Melanie , Steinhilper Rolf
Published: October 2017

For the manufacturing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), more precisely for the curing phase, alternative process technologies are available. These technologies use different types of facilities and forming tools as well as different mechanisms for the heat input and the load application. Thus, the required amount of energy, the needed source materials and the ancillary input of the machines vary widely. Since the resource efficiency of production processes gains in importance, considerations of the inputs, outputs and the ecological impact of CFRP manufacturing processes are essential. In this work, three CFRP manufacturing processes were comparatively investigated with a gate-to-gate analysis following ISO 14044 to reveal the appropriate CO2-emissions and the global warming potential. The curing processes in a vacuum-oven process, a wet pressing process and a prepreg-autoclave process were considered. As a functional unit, an endless reinforced thermosetting CFRP-container served. During the inventory analysis phase all elementary and energy flows of the several process steps of the mentioned technologies were documented. The subsequent impact assessment shows, that for the single piece production in oven and press, the mold exerts the greatest influence on to the global warming potential with a share over 94 %. However, in the autoclave the process energy has the greatest share with over 46 %.
Low Budget Experimental Setup for Harmonic Detection and Correction
Authors: Böhm Ralf , Paulsburg Martin , Hamann Tim , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

Adherance of power quality standards is crucial for electricity network operation and bothindustrial and private customers. However, the transition to electricity supply based on renewable, de-centralized plants which feed in using inverters is accompanied by challenges regarding compliancewith power quality standards. Accordingly, detection and automated processing of relevant variablesof power quality is of increased importance. Digital signal processing offers various approaches of sig-nal evaluation each having individual advantages and disadvantages regarding different power qualityvariables. As a result of incresing decentralized feed in of regenerative plats using inverters, the si-nusoidal fundamental of the power system is distorted and harmonics occur. For elimination of thoseunwanted signal components, a variety of methods is available. Supple- menting current research ac-tivites a laboratory model of an active ﬁlter using low budget prototyping hardware is developed andevaluated. Therefore, an experimental circuit containing a band pass ﬁlter for signal adjustment aswell as a PWM with ampliﬁcation circuit for signal correction have been elaborated. Necessary cal-culations are performed by a standard Atmel microprocessor as used by Arduino Uno, including an8-bit analog to digital converter (ADC).
E|Flow II - Infrastructural Sensor Concepts to Digitize the Workspace for Sustainable and Resource Efficient Intralogistics
Authors: Scholz Michael , Venkataraman Rmasubramanian Sudharshana , Blank Andreas , Kreitlein Sven , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2017

Nowadays material flow in factories is realized by different concepts of transport. Each of those specific conveyers has pros and cons due to its concept. In general, the state of art of transport systems have a low flexibility of the path planning and are not suitable for dynamic transport requirements, wherefore they are designed for a specific application. Generally, the common systems cover a specific task of transportation and can fulfill a predefined maximum amount of transportation orders. Therefore, it is necessary that the next generations of production lines, especially the intralogistics transportation systems, have to be designed more adaptable and flexible. The object of the research in this paper is a cyber-physical material flow system with flexible, autonomous and collaborative vehicles combined with centralized sensors to digitize the workspace. These sensors are a combination of commonly used USB cameras with a single board computer to realize an embedded senor system. The whole device is mounted to the ceiling of a factory to digitize the workspace. The single board computer proceed the scenario below the camera and provides the results of the code via WLAN to a central device on the one side, on the other side directly to the autonomous vehicles within the scenario. The algorithm separates moving obstacle by calculating an adaptive background picture. The obstacles are marked with a rotatable rectangle which coordinates are submitted to the vehicles. The adaptive background picture is provided by service to the central device, where the background pictures of all sensors are merged together. Here, a morphologic algorithm separates static obstacles and marks the space where the vehicles can operate. This approach leads to a performant and low cost sensor architecture for an infrastructural sensor concept to realize a digital twin of a workspace.
Know Your Patients’ History; Spleno-Renal Infarction as a Presentation of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Leghrouz Muhannad , Chornyy Volodymyr
Published: October 2017

Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the endothelial surface of the heart, including heart valves and is potentially life threatening. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated prior to invasive procedures in patients with certain high-risk cardiac conditions and thorough history needs to be elicited prior to performing such procedures. Herein, we present a case of splenorenal infarction secondary to septic emboli in a 42-year-old patient with prosthetic aortic valve who underwent a dental procedure without endocarditis prophylaxis.
Sea Marc I sidescan sonar survey line across the Southeast Baffin Shelf and Slope, Northwest Labrador Sea
Authors: Praeg D B , Shor A N , MacLean B , Piper D J W
Published: October 2017

This open file report presents the results of a 280 km long, 5 km wide swath Sea MARC I sidescan sonar survey line run across water depths of 300-2000 m off southeastern Baffin Island (latitude 62°20'N). The report includes (1) photoreproductions of the
sonograms, at 1:40,000 scale, (2) hand-drawn interpretations, including bathymetry, and (3) a descriptive text. The seabed of the continental shelf and upper continental slope is dominated by iceberg scours (furrows and pits), which display variations in abundance, orientation, size and definition;
ponded sediments and surface expressions of the subsurface bedrock are also observed locally. Iceberg scours are present to a maximum water depth of approximately 715 m on the upper continental slope. The continental slope below this depth appears largely featureless except across the southern tip
of the Gjoa Spur, which contains ponded sediments and slope-transverse lineations related to mass movement in association with gradients up to 20° and relief up to 180 m.
The distant assistant, remote earthquakes aid mineral and energy exploration
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: October 2017

Earthquakes occurring thousands of kilometres away help geologists overcome a major obstacle in assessing resource potential beneath the Nechako Basin in central British Columbia.
Statistical medicine
Authors: Indrayan A
Published: October 2017

A large number of statistical tools are now used for medical decision in the core activities of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. These tools provide undeniable help in improving medical outcomes. Prominent among them are uncertainty measurement by probability, medical indicators and indexes, reference ranges, and scoring systems. In addition are tools such as odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity and predictivities, area under the ROC curve, likelihood ratios, and cost-benefit analysis that are commonly applied in medical research but have implications for day-to-day clinical activities. These tools have so completely integrated into medical practice that statistical medicine by itself can stand alone as a medical specialty. Time has arrived to recognize statistical medicine as a medical specialty.
Secondary English Teacher Education in the United States
Authors: Pasternak Donna L. , Caughlan Samantha , Hallman Heidi L. , Renzi Laura , Rush Leslie S.
Published: October 2017

Identifying key areas of teacher education that cross countries and disciplines, this book provides the first extensive research-based insight into how secondary English teachers are prepared at institutions of higher education in the United States of America (US) since the last major study in 1995. In the two decades since then, English teacher education programs have developed in contextually dependent ways that often have been driven by institutional, economic, social, and political considerations

The authors provide an overview of their nationwide study of English teacher educators, which was conducted over a four-year period. They analyze the context under which teacher educators currently prepare pre-service English teachers in the US and support teacher educators in other countries to make comparisons to their own unique historical and cultural settings

The authors also offer a comprehensive evaluation of the content, practices, and skills being taught to future teachers of English in university-based teacher preparation programs in the US. The book draws on evidence from a nationwide questionnaire, case studies of teacher educators in their respective programs, course syllabi, and focus group interviews to focus on areas of instruction that resonate with teacher educators in countries where English is the dominant language of communication. These areas include:

- field experiences

- standards and assessment

- teaching literacy to integrate reading and writing

- working with English language learners to address cultural and linguistic diversity

- new technologies in English education
Classifying aerosol type using in situ surface spectral aerosol optical properties
Authors: Schmeisser Lauren , Andrews Elisabeth , Ogren John A. , Sheridan Patrick , Jefferson Anne , Sharma Sangeeta , Kim Jeong Eun , Sherman James P. , Sorribas Mar , Kalapov Ivo , Arsov Todor , Angelov Christo , Mayol-Bracero Olga L. , Labuschagne Casper , Kim Sang-Woo , Hoffer András , Lin Neng-Huei , Chia Hao-Ping , Bergin Michael , Sun Junying , Liu Peng , Wu Hao
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol size and composition is important for determining radiative forcing effects of aerosols, identifying aerosol sources and improving aerosol satellite retrieval algorithms. The ability to extrapolate aerosol size and composition, or type, from intensive aerosol optical properties can help expand the current knowledge of spatiotemporal variability in aerosol type globally, particularly where chemical composition measurements do not exist concurrently with optical property measurements. This study uses medians of the scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) and single scattering albedo (SSA) from 24 stations within the NOAA/ESRL Federated Aerosol Monitoring Network to infer aerosol type using previously published aerosol classification schemes.Three methods are implemented to obtain a best estimate of dominant aerosol type at each station using aerosol optical properties. The first method plots station medians into an AAE vs. SAE plot space, so that a unique combination of intensive properties corresponds with an aerosol type. The second typing method expands on the first by introducing a multivariate cluster analysis, which aims to group stations with similar optical characteristics and thus similar dominant aerosol type. The third and final classification method pairs 3-day backward air mass trajectories with median aerosol optical properties to explore the relationship between trajectory origin (proxy for likely aerosol type) and aerosol intensive parameters, while allowing for multiple dominant aerosol types at each station.The three aerosol classification methods have some common, and thus robust, results. In general, estimating dominant aerosol type using optical properties is best suited for site locations with a stable and homogenous aerosol population, particularly continental polluted (carbonaceous aerosol), marine polluted (carbonaceous aerosol mixed with sea salt) and continental dust/biomass sites (dust and carbonaceous aerosol); however, current classification schemes perform poorly when predicting dominant aerosol type at remote marine and Arctic sites and at stations with more complex locations and topography where variable aerosol populations are not well represented by median optical properties. Although the aerosol classification methods presented here provide new ways to reduce ambiguity in typing schemes, there is more work needed to find aerosol typing methods that are useful for a larger range of geographic locations and aerosol populations.
Ground-based FTIR retrievals of SF6 at Réunion Island
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Langerock Bavo , Vigouroux Corinne , Wang Pucai , Hermans Christian , Stiller Gabriele , Walker Kaley A. , Dutton Geoff , Mahieu Emmanuel , De Mazière Martine
Published: October 2017

Abstract. SF6 total columns are successfully retrieved from FTIR measurements (Saint Denis and Maïdo) at Réunion Island (21° S, 55° E) between 2004–2016 using the SFIT4 algorithm: the retrieval strategy and the error budget are presented. The FTIR SF6 retrieval has independent information in only one individual layer, covering the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The trend of SF6 is analysed based on the FTIR retrieved dry air column-averaged mole fractions (XSF6) at Réunion Island, the in-situ measurements at America Samoa (SMO) and the collocated satellite measurements (MIPAS and ACE-FTS) in the southern tropics. The SF6 annual growth rate from FTIR retrievals is 0.265 ± 0.013 pptv/year for 2004–2016, which is slightly weaker than that from the SMO in-situ measurements (0.285 ± 0.002 pptv/year) for the same time period. The SF6 trend in the troposphere from MIPAS and ACE-FTS observations is also close to the ones from the FTIR retrievals and the SMO in-situ measurements.
Causes of uncertainty in observed and projected heterotrophic respiration from Earth System Models
Authors: Lynch Cary , Hartin Corinne , Chen Min , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Heterotrophic respiration (RH) is a large component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but one poorly simulated by Earth system models (ESMs), which diverge significantly in their historical and future RH projections. There is little understanding, however, of the causes of this variability and its consequences for future model development and scenario evaluation, and examining the relationships between RH and key climate variables may help to understand where and why models are divergent. We quantified the statistical relationships between RH and other terrestrial/climate variables across a suite of 25 ESMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) for the 20th and 21st centuries, comparing the models both to each other and to an observation-driven global RH dataset. Compared to observations, ESMs consistency overestimate both the magnitude and climate sensitivity of global RH. The relationship between RH and surface air temperature (TAS) is strong, especially at high latitudes, and largely consistent across models. The observed RH and precipitation (PR) relationship is strong and positive (r ≥ 0.5, P
The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models: HadCM3@Bristol v1.0
Authors: Valdes Paul J. , Armstrong Edward , Badger Marcus P. S. , Bradshaw Catherine D. , Bragg Fran , Crucifix Michel , Davies-Barnard Taraka , Day Jonathan J. , Farnsworth Alex , Gordon Chris , Hopcroft Peter O. , Kennedy Alan T. , Lord Natalie S. , Lunt Dan J. , Marzocchi Alice , Parry Louise M. , Pope Vicky , Roberts William H. G. , Stone Emma J. , Tourte Gregory J. L. , Williams Jonny H. T.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Understanding natural and anthropogenic climate change processes involves using computational models that represent the main components of the Earth system: the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface. These models have become increasingly computationally expensive as resolution is increased and more complex process representations are included. However, to gain robust insight into how climate may respond to a given forcing, and to meaningfully quantify the associated uncertainty, it is often required to use either or both ensemble approaches and very long integrations. For this reason, more computationally efficient models can be very valuable tools. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the suite of climate models based around the HadCM3 coupled general circulation model. This model was developed at the UK Met Office and has been heavily used during the last 15 years for a range of future (and past) climate change studies, but has now been largely superseded for many scientific studies by more recently developed models. However, it continues to be extensively used by various institutions, including the BRIDGE (Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment) research group at the University of Bristol, who have made modest adaptations to the base HadCM3 model over time. These adaptations mean that the original documentation is not entirely representative, and several other relatively undocumented configurations are in use. We therefore describe the key features of a number of configurations of the HadCM3 climate model family, which together make up HadCM3@Bristol version 1.0. In order to differentiate variants that have undergone development at BRIDGE, we have introduced the letter B into the model nomenclature. We include descriptions of the atmosphere-only model (HadAM3B), the coupled model with a low-resolution ocean (HadCM3BL), the high-resolution atmosphere-only model (HadAM3BH), and the regional model (HadRM3B). These also include three versions of the land surface scheme. By comparing with observational datasets, we show that these models produce a good representation of many aspects of the climate system, including the land and sea surface temperatures, precipitation, ocean circulation, and vegetation. This evaluation, combined with the relatively fast computational speed (up to 1000 times faster than some CMIP6 models), motivates continued development and scientific use of the HadCM3B family of coupled climate models, predominantly for quantifying uncertainty and for long multi-millennial-scale simulations.
Impacts of spatial resolution and representation of flow connectivity on large-scale simulation of floods
Authors: Mateo Cherry May R. , Yamazaki Dai , Kim Hyungjun , Champathong Adisorn , Vaze Jai , Oki Taikan
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Global-scale river models (GRMs) are core tools for providing consistent estimates of global flood hazard, especially in data-scarce regions. Due to former limitations in computational power and input datasets, most GRMs have been developed to use simplified representations of flow physics and run at coarse spatial resolutions. With increasing computational power and improved datasets, the application of GRMs to finer resolutions is becoming a reality. To support development in this direction, the suitability of GRMs for application to finer resolutions needs to be assessed. This study investigates the impacts of spatial resolution and flow connectivity representation on the predictive capability of a GRM, CaMa-Flood, in simulating the 2011 extreme flood in Thailand. Analyses show that when single downstream connectivity (SDC) is assumed, simulation results deteriorate with finer spatial resolution; Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients decreased by more than 50 % between simulation results at 10 km resolution and 1 km resolution. When multiple downstream connectivity (MDC) is represented, simulation results slightly improve with finer spatial resolution. The SDC simulations result in excessive backflows on very flat floodplains due to the restrictive flow directions at finer resolutions. MDC channels attenuated these effects by maintaining flow connectivity and flow capacity between floodplains in varying spatial resolutions. While a regional-scale flood was chosen as a test case, these findings should be universal and may have significant impacts on large- to global-scale simulations, especially in regions where mega deltas exist.These results demonstrate that a GRM can be used for higher resolution simulations of large-scale floods, provided that MDC in rivers and floodplains is adequately represented in the model structure.
O REALISMO MÁGICO E O ESPAÇO COMO REFÚGIO DA ALTERIDADE EM “A ILHA DOS GATOS PINGADOS” DE JOSÉ J. VEIGA DOI: 10.5216/lep.v17i1.30430
Authors: CARNEIRO Fabianna Simão Bellizzi , MEIRELES DA SILVA Alexander
Published: October 2017

Esse trabalho fará uma análise da construção da relação entre o discurso ideológico utilizado em relação a grupos minoritários e o espaço a eles reservado na narrativa contemporânea, tendo como corpus o conto “A ilha dos gatos pingados” (1959), do escritor José J. Veiga. A escolha pelo tema se justifica pelo fato de que o homem contemporâneo, inserido em contexto de significativas transformações nas áreas tecnológica, social, cultural e econômica, tem na figura do outro um agente ativo nesse processo, ou seja, o outro não pode mais ser visto como perturbador ou como aquele que desacomoda o estado de coisas, mas como alguém que faz parte desta dinâmica, apontando para a construção de uma cultura híbrida. Nesse percurso, chama atenção como a Literatura vem retratando esse personagem. Daí que se objetiva, de uma maneira geral, analisar o processo de constituição da relação entre a alteridade e o espaço na narrativa fantástica, representada nessa proposta pela vertente romanesca do Realismo Mágico. Reforça-se que se trata de um trabalho analítico e não conclusivo, portanto a pesquisa se sustenta em fontes bibliográficas que serão devidamente referenciadas ao longo do texto.
Examination of Longitudinal AC Breakdown Strength of Dielectric Surfaces as a function of Elastic Modulus
Authors: Kantar Emre , Hvidsten Sverre , Ildstad Erling
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the influence of the elastic modulus of the polymer insulation on the tangential AC breakdown strength (BDS) of polymer interfaces theoretically and experimentally. In the experiments, four different materials with different elastic moduli, namely crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), cured end product of epoxy resin (EPOXY), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and silicone rubber (SiR) were employed under various contact pressures. The BDS of each interface increased as the contact pressure was augmented. As the contact pressure became threefold, the interfacial BDS rose by a factor of 2.4, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.4 in the case of the PEEK, EPOXY, XLPE and SiR interface, in a sequence following the decrease of the elastic modulus. Under the same contact pressure, it was observed that the lower the elastic modulus, the higher the BDS. The employed contact theory also suggested a decreasing BDS as the modulus was augmented; however, the experimental results tended to deviate widely from the estimated results as the pressure was significantly increased.
DC Conductivity Measurements of LDPE: Influence of Specimen Preparation Method and Polymer Morphology
Authors: Karlsson M. , Xu Xiangdong , Gaska K. , Hillborg Henrik , Gubanski Stanislaw , Gedde U.W.
Published: October 2017

DC conductivity measurements are important for gaining fundamental understanding of conduction mechanisms of insulation materials, as well as in the development of HVDC power system components, such as extruded cable systems. In this study, the influence of sample processing on the morphology and DC conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been studied. Direct compression moulding of LDPE pellets is commonly used in research laboratories for obtaining plaque samples, whereas extrusion is an additional commonly used technique for dispersion of particles in nanocomposites prior to the compression moulding process. In this study LDPE plaques have been obtained by either compression moulding directly from pellets, or by extrusion followed by compression moulding. The morphology obtained in the first case consisted of banded spherulites, whereas the latter method yielded a morphology of small axialites. The difference in sample processing had also an impact on the DC conductivity. The DC conductivity at 22 ­°C and 3.3 kV/mm was of the order of 4E-18 S/m for the plaques obtained by extrusion and compression moulding whereas the plaques obtained by direct compression moulding exhibited a conductivity of 1E-16 S/m. In addition, the reproducibility of the performed DC conductivity measurements was also verified in a round robin test performed between the Royal Institute of Technology and 
Chalmers Technical University.
Breakdown in short rod-plane air gaps under positive lightning impulse stress
Authors: Meyer Hans Kristian Hygen , Mauseth Frank , Husøy Martine , Pedersen Atle
Published: October 2017

Prediction of withstand voltages in air-insulated systems are made on the basis of empirical models that are not sufficiently accurate for complex geometries. Better understanding of the spatiotemporal development of electrical discharges is necessary to improve the present models. Discharges in lightning impulse stressed 20–100mm rod-plane gaps are examined using a highspeed camera, photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) and a highbandwidth current measurement system. The images and measurements of gaps larger than 20mm show a fast initial streamer discharge with a current rise time of some tens of ns, followed by a dark period of a few μs and a propagation of a slower leader-type channel leading to breakdown. The breakdown mechanisms in the shortest gaps are faster and geometry dependent, probably occuring by heating of initial streamer channels. Different light filters used with the PMTs indicate that all parts of the leader-type discharge development emit light over a spectrum from UV to IR. The initial discharges emit low amounts of warm light and IR compared to the leader-type channel. Finally, it is suggested that empirical breakdown voltage prediction models should be interpreted in light of the leader-type breakdown mechanism.
Effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous
Authors: Al-Battawi Jilan Ibrahim , Mahmoud Noha Mohamed , Essa Rasha Mohamed
Published: October 2017

Labor pain management is one of the main goals of maternity care. Ice application or cooling has been claimed to be as an effective, safe and non-invasive adjuvant mean for providing pain relief during the first stage of labor. Aim of the study: To evaluate effect of ice pack application on pain intensity during active phase of the first stage of labor among primiparaous. Research design: None-randomized-controlled clinical trial research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at labor and delivery unit of El Shatby Maternity University Hospital affiliated to Alexandria University. Subjects: Convenience sample of 80 pregnant women attending the previously mentioned setting were recruited in the study. They were equally divided into ice application & control groups. Tools: Three tools were used for data collection, namely: Tool (I): Pregnant women basic data structured interview schedule, Tool II: Visual Analogue pain intensity scale (VAS) & Tool III: Present Behavioral Intensity Scale (PBIS) Tool IV: Satisfaction visual analogue scale (SVAS). A high statistically significant difference was observed between the study & control groups in relation to their pain intensity using VAS before and after the intervention (P ≤ .000). In addition, another high statistically significant difference was detected between the study group & control groups in relation to their behavior of labor pain (P = .000) before & after 30 as well as 60 min of intervention. Based on the study findings, it could be concluded that the application of ice pack application during active phase of first stage of labor appeared to have a remarkable effect on labor pain intensity. In service training programs for nurses in labor units about the utilization of non-pharmacological approaches is recommended.
A nationwide analysis of re-operation after kidney transplant
Authors: Moghadamyeghaneh Zhobin , Chen Linda J. , Alameddine Mahmoud , Jue Joshua S. , Gupta Anupam K. , Burke George , Ciancio Gaetano
Published: October 2017

Introduction: We aimed to report the rate and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing re-operation following kidney transplant in the U.S.Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to examine the clinical data of patients undergoing kidney transplant and re-operation during same the hospitalization from 2002‒2012. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to compare outcomes of patients with and without re-operation.Results: We sampled a total of 35 058 patients who underwent kidney transplant. Of these, 770 (2.2%) had re-operation during the same hospitalization. Re-operation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (30.4% vs. 3%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.62; p<0.01), mean total hospital charges ($249 425 vs. $145 403; p<0.01), and mean hospitalization length of patients (18 vs. 7 days; p<0.01). The most common day of re-operation was postoperative Day 1. Hemorrhagic complication (64.2%) was the most common reason for re-operation, followed by urinary tract complications (9.9%) and vascular complications (3.6%). Preoperative coagulopathy (AOR 3.35; p<0.01) was the strongest predictor of need for re-operation, hemorrhagic complications (AOR 3.08; p<0.01), and vascular complications (AOR 2.50; p<0.01). Also, hypertension (AOR 1.26; p<0.01) and peripheral vascular disorders (AOR 1.25; p=0.03) had associations with hemorrhagic complications.Conclusions: Re-operation after kidney transplant most commonly occurs on postoperative Day 1 and occurs in 2.2% of cases. It is associated with significantly increased mortality, hospitalization length, and total hospital charges. Hemorrhage is the most common complication. Preoperative coagulopathy is the strongest factor predicting the need for re-operation, vascular complications, and hemorrhagic complications.
Ipsilateral renal function preservation following minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: The effect of tumour characteristics and warm ischemic time
Authors: Chan Ernest , Boyle Shawna L. , Campbell Jeffrey , Luke Patrick P.W.
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The relative impact of preoperative and perioperative variables on renal function following partial nephrectomy (PN) is controversial. To further investigate, we assess the effects of tumour complexity, warm ischemic time (WIT), and volume of resected renal parenchyma on ipsilateral renal function (IRF) outcomes following minimally invasive PN.Methods: Of patients who underwent laparoscopic or roboticassisted PN between 2002 and 2011 at our institution, 99 met our inclusion criteria. The effects of preoperative tumour complexity (using RENAL nephrometry score), perioperative WIT, and pathological tumour volumes on ipsilateral renal function preservation (%IRF) were analyzed. %IRF was defined as the proportion of postoperative to preoperative ipsilateral renal function calculated using MAG3 nuclear renography.Results: Increasing RENAL nephrometry score (RNS) and WIT were independently predictive of inferior %IRF at 6‒12-week postoperative followup in univariate and multivariate analyses. Of RNS properties, masses that were endophytic, near the collecting system, or central in location were associated with inferior %IRF, with nearness to collecting system as the strongest predictor; however, RNS was no longer predictive of %IRF in cases requiring more than 30 minutes of WIT.Conclusions: In renal masses amenable to resection by minimally invasive PN, longer WIT was the most important predictor of inferior %IRF. Although increasing RNS score influenced %IRF, the overall clinical significance of RNS is limited and should not influence operative decision-making in efforts to preserve renal function. Furthermore, small volumes of renal parenchyma can be safely resected without impairment of long-term IRF.
Biopsychosocial impact of prostate cancer and androgen-deprivation therapy
Authors: Tripp Dean A. , Verreault Phylicia , Tong Steven , Izard Jason , Black Angela , Siemens D. Robert
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most non-cutaneous malignancy in men, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone of management in advanced disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of ADT with changes in depression and mental and physical quality of life (QoL) within a prospective patient cohort design.Methods: Patients were prospectively recruited and consented at a single academic health sciences centre in Ontario, Canada. Inclusion criteria included those men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and either on watchful waiting or initiating ADT as palliation or as an adjuvant therapy for high-risk localized disease. All three cohorts were followed in routine care and completed psychosocial evaluations, including depression, social support, anxiety, and QoL measures.Results: In comparison to the control cohort of patients with prostate cancer on watchful waiting, initiation of ADT over a two-year period of time was not associated with any changes in depression or mental QoL. Instead, all patients, regardless of treatment cohort, showed increased depression scores and reduced mental QoL scores over time; however, for patients receiving ADT, a significant reduction in physical QoL compared to patients who did not receive ADT was demonstrated.Conclusions: ADT does not appear to significantly impact depressive symptoms and mental QoL over a two-year period; however, the depressive symptoms in this limited sample of men with prostate cancer was higher than expected and monitoring for these may be advisable for those who care for such patients.