bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Florida) Against Paracetamol Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Sumy Afroza Khanam , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma
Published: January 2011

Background: Liver damage can be occurred due to prolonged use of higher doses of some drugs, exposure to some chemicals or infectious agents. But liver protective drugs are not available in modern medicine. Some hepatoprotective herbal medicines are often used in the treatment of liver damage. Objective: This experimental study was carried out to observe the hepatoprotective effect of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) against paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Method: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. A total number of 34 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 210 grams were selected for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into two groups, control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B- mushroom pretreated and paracetamol treated group). Control group again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control) and group A2 (paracetamol treated control group). All groups of animals received basal diet for 30 consecutive days. Group A1 consisted of 10 rats, received propylene glycol (2 ml/kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. Group A2 consisted of 14 rats, received single dose of paracetamol suspension (750 mg/ kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. Group B consisted of 10 rats, received mushroom extract (200 mg/ kg bw, orally) for 30 consecutive days and paracetamol suspension (750 mg/ kg bw, orally) only on 30th day. All the animals were sacrificed on 31st day. Then blood and liver samples were collected. Initial body weight, final body weight and liver weight were measured. Then measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in liver tissue homogenate were done by using standard laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Result: The mean serum AST, ALT levels and in the liver tissue MDA concentration were significantly (p<0.001) higher in paracetamol treated group in comparison to those of baseline control group. Again, the mean serum AST (p<0.05), ALT (p<0.05) levels and in the liver tissue homogenate MDA concentration (p<0.001) were significantly lower in mushroom pretreated and paracetamol treated group (experimental group) when compared to those of only paracetamol treated group (control). Conclusion: This study reveals that Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) which is excellently edible and nutritious, may have some hepatoprotective role. Key words: hepatoprotective; oyster mushroom; malondialdehyde; tissue homogenate DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6776J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 46-52
A Pattern Construction Scheme for Neural Network-Based Cognitive Communication
Authors: Ustundag Berk , Orcay Ozgur
Published: January 2011

Inefficient utilization of the frequency spectrum due to conventional regulatory limitations and physical performance limiting factors, mainly the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), are prominent restrictions in digital wireless communication. Pattern Based Communication System (PBCS) is an adaptive and perceptual communication method based on a Cognitive Radio (CR) approach. It intends an SNR oriented cognition mechanism in the physical layer for improvement of Link Spectral Efficiency (LSE). The key to this system is construction of optimal communication signals, which consist of encoded data in different pattern forms (waveforms) depending on spectral availabilities. The signals distorted in the communication medium are recovered according to the pre-trained pattern glossary by the perceptual receiver. In this study, we have shown that it is possible to improve the bandwidth efficiency when largely uncorrelated signal patterns are chosen in order to form a glossary that represents symbols for different length data groups and the information can be recovered by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the receiver site.
Entropy Production: Its Role in Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Authors: Velasco Rosa Maria , Scherer García-Colín Leopoldo , Uribe Francisco Javier
Published: January 2011

It is unquestionable that the concept of entropy has played an essential role both in the physical and biological sciences. However, the entropy production, crucial to the second law, has also other features not clearly conceived. We all know that the main difficulty is concerned with its quantification in non-equilibrium processes and consequently its value for some specific cases is limited. In this work we will review the ideas behind the entropy production concept and we will give some insights about its relevance.
On Using TPM for Secure Identities in Future Home Networks
Authors: Kinkelin Holger , Holz Ralph , Niedermayer Heiko , Mittelberger Simon , Carle Georg
Published: January 2011

Security should be integrated into future networks from the beginning, not as an extension. Secure identities and authentication schemes are an important step to fulfill this quest. In this article, we argue that home networks are a natural trust anchor for such schemes. We describe our concept of home networks as a universal point of reference for authentication, trust and access control, and show that our scheme can be applied to any next generation network. As home networks are no safe place, we apply Trusted Computing technology to prevent the abuse of identities, i.e., identity theft.
The Relationships between Phenolic Content, Pollen Diversity, Physicochemical Information and Radical Scavenging Activity in Honey
Authors: Giorgi Annamaria , Madeo Moira , Baumgartner Johann , Lozzia Giuseppe Carlo
Published: January 2011

Honey is rich in different secondary plant metabolites acting as natural antioxidants and contributing to human health. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) is related to antioxidant activity, while the correlation between the phenolic content and RSA is often weak. Consequently, exclusive information on phenolics is often insufficient to qualify the RSA and the health promoting effects of honey. The paper deals with a case study of honey samples originating from the alpine areas of Italy’s Lombardia and Veneto regions and realized by standard physicochemical and statistical analytical methods. In pure honey, the total phenolic content and the RSA were measured in spectrophotometric tests with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) free radical and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively. Melissopalynological data was used to qualify pollen diversity through rank-frequency curves separating the samples into two groups. On the basis of physicochemical data, the samples were analyzed through multivariate classification and ranking procedures resulting in the identification of an outlier. Elimination of the outlier produced a high correlation between the total phenolic content and RSA in the two pollen diversity groups. The case study suggests that, after disregarding outliers, the RSA activity can be satisfactorily qualified on the basis of phenolics with pollen diversity as a covariate.
Observation of Different Catalytic Activity of Various 1-Olefins during Ethylene/1-Olefin Copolymerization with Homogeneous Metallocene Catalysts
Authors: Wannaborworn Mingkwan , Praserthdam Piyasan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd
Published: January 2011

This research aimed to investigate the copolymerization of ethylene and various 1-olefins. The comonomer lengths were varied from 1-hexene (1-C6) up to 1-octadecene (1-C18) in order to study the effect of comonomer chain length on the activity and properties of the polymer in the metallocene/MAO catalyst system. The results indicated that two distinct cases can be described for the effect of 1-olefin chain length on the activity. Considering the short chain length comonomers, such as 1-hexene, 1-octene and 1-decene, it is obvious that the polymerization activity decreased when the length of comonomer was higher, which is probably due to increased steric hindrance at the catalytic center hindering the insertion of ethylene monomer to the active sites, hence, the polymerization rate decreased. On the contrary, for the longer chain 1-olefins, namely 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene and 1-octadecene, an increase in the comonomer chain length resulted in better activity due to the opening of the gap aperture between Cp(centroid)-M-Cp-(centroid), which forced the coordination site to open more. This effect facilitated the polymerization of the ethylene monomer at the catalytic sites, and thus, the activity increased. The copolymers obtained were further characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and 13C-NMR techniques. It could be seen that the melting temperature and comonomer distribution were not affected by the 1-olefin chain length. The polymer crystallinity decreased slightly with increasing comonomer chain length. Moreover, all the synthesized polymers were typical LLDPE having random comonomer distribution.
Higher Diet Quality Does Not Predict Lower Medicare Costs but Does Predict Number of Claims in Mid-Aged Australian Women
Authors: Collins Clare E. , Patterson Amanda , Fitzgerald David
Published: January 2011

Optimal dietary quality, indicated by higher diet quality index scores, reflects greater adherence to National dietary recommendations and is also associated with lower morbidity and mortality from chronic disease. Whether this is reflected in lower health care cost over time has rarely been examined. The aim of this study was to examine whether higher diet quality, as measured by the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), was associated with lower health care costs within the mid-aged cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. We found that there was a statistically significant association between five year cumulative costs and ARFS, but in the opposite direction to that predicted, with those in the highest quintiles of ARFS having higher health care costs. However the number of Medicare claims over the six year period (2002–2007) was lower for those in the highest compared with the lowest quintile, p = 0.002. There is a need to monitor both costs and claims over time to examine health care usage in the longer term in order to determine whether savings are eventually obtained for those with the dietary patterns that adhere more closely to National recommendations.
Driving Circuitry for Focused Ultrasound Noninvasive Surgery and Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: El-Desouki Munir M. , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: January 2011

Recent works on focused ultrasound (FUS) have shown great promise for cancer therapy. Researchers are continuously trying to improve system performance, which is resulting in an increased complexity that is more apparent when using multi-element phased array systems. This has led to significant efforts to reduce system size and cost by relying on system integration. Although ideas from other fields such as microwave antenna phased arrays can be adopted in FUS, the application requirements differ significantly since the frequency range used in FUS is much lower. In this paper, we review recent efforts to design efficient power monitoring, phase shifting and output driving techniques used specifically for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
Fault Isolation Filter for Networked Control System with Event-Triggered Sampling Scheme
Authors: Li Shanbin , Sauter Dominique , Xu Bugong
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the sensor data is transmitted only when the absolute value of difference between the current sensor value and the previously transmitted one is greater than the given threshold value. Based on this send-on-delta scheme which is one of the event-triggered sampling strategies, a modified fault isolation filter for a discrete-time networked control system with multiple faults is then implemented by a particular form of the Kalman filter. The proposed fault isolation filter improves the resource utilization with graceful fault estimation performance degradation. An illustrative example is given to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Human Capital and Sustainability
Authors: Šlaus Ivo , Jacobs Garry
Published: January 2011

A study of sustainability needs to consider the role of all forms of capital—natural, biological, social, technological, financial, cultural—and the complex ways in which they interact. All forms of capital derive their value, utility and application from human mental awareness, creativity and social innovation. This makes human capital, including social capital, the central determinant of resource productivity and sustainability. Humanity has entered the Anthropocene Epoch in which human changes have become the predominant factor in evolution. Humanity is itself evolving from animal physicality to social vitality to mental individuality. This transition has profound bearing on human productive capabilities, adaptability, creativity and values, the organization of economy, public policy, social awareness and life styles that determine sustainability. This article examines the linkages between population, economic development, employment, education, health, social equity, cultural values, energy intensity and sustainability in the context of evolving human consciousness. It concludes that development of human capital is the critical determinant of long-term sustainability and that efforts to accelerate the evolution of human consciousness and emergence of mentally self-conscious individuals will be the most effective approach for ensuring a sustainable future. Education is the primary lever. Human choice matters.
Zorrilla y García Lorca : leyendas y romances gitanos
Authors: Aguirre J.M.
Published: January 2011

Garcia Lorca admirait vivement l'œuvre poétique de Zorrilla, presque oubliée par la critique contemporaine. Il convient d'envisager l'hypothèse selon laquelle Zorrilla aurait pu exercer une certaine influence sur le Romancero gitano. Cette possibilité est illustrée par une comparaison entre le personnage de doña Inés dans la leyenda de Zorrilla El capitán Montoya et celui de la religieuse dans le romance lorquien de La monja gitana. La conclusion de ce travail est que Lorca a pu construire son livre en s'appuyant sur l'exemple que lui offrait la poésie narrative de Zorrilla, en s'aidant de la technique de Góngora des Soledades et du contenu affectif du cante jondo.
Rua Grande et Rua Direita
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Note sur la Rua Grande de Vivero et de Ribadeo en Galice. Analogie avec la Rua Direita portugaise.
De Heródoto a la leyenda de la campana de Huesca
Authors: Alvar-Ezquerra Antonio
Published: January 2011

Cet article retrace le cheminement de l'apologue des pavots coupés depuis Hérodote et Tite-Live jusqu'au Cantar de la Campana de Huesca. Le jongleur a situé sous le règne de Ramire II le Moine une légende qui s'est répandue en Espagne, sans doute à travers l'œuvre de Valère-Maxime.
Gerónimo de Texeda
Authors: Collet-Sedola Sabina
Published: January 2011

Datos biográficos relativos a Gerónimo de Texeda, gramático y lexicógrafo español que vivió en Francia en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. Van en el artículo la reproducción de un documento manuscrito atestiguando la presencia de Texeda en París en 1625 y la descripción bibliográfica de sus obras.
Une petite curiosité littéraire et musicale : « la canción de Atala » recueillie par le marquis de Custine
Authors: Picoche Jean-Louis
Published: January 2011

Se da el texto corregido y la música de una canción inspirada por la Atalá de Chateaubriand y recogida por el marqués de Gustine en 1831.
« Vendeja »
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Complément à l'article de Marcel Bataillon paru dans la Hispanic Review, t. 27, 1959, p. 228-245.
La Raquel de Huerta y su « sistema particular »
Authors: Schurlknight D.E.
Published: January 2011

On montre dans cette étude, en discutant certaines assertions de René Andioc, que le personnage de Raquel, dans la tragédie de Garcia de la Huerta, n'est pas simplement une victime innocente. Sa fin tragique est causée par la passion, son incapacité à respecter certains principes qu'au demeurant elle connaît fort bien. Magnifique par son caractère, le personnage se rend coupable par ses actions et selon les règles du genre, il est à la fois condamnable et digne de pitié.
Ignacio Zuloaga et la France
Authors: Milhou M
Published: January 2011

Après les très importants travaux d'Enrique Lafuente Ferrari sur Ignacio Zuloaga, sa vie et son art, il restait un seul coin d'ombre à éclairer : les relations du peintre espagnol avec la France et ce depuis l'époque de ses vingt ans où il vint à Paris en quête de Maîtres.

L'éminent biographe de Zuloaga avait, par avance, autorisé la critique de son œuvre par cette belle phrase qui dit sa grande probité intellectuelle : « Ce n'est point la pire manière de collaborer avec le futur que de laisser le chemin ouvert à d'autres pour d'éventuelles détections de nos omissions, corrections de nos erreurs et critiques de nos défauts ».

La thèse « Ignacio Zuloaga et la France » met en lumière grâce à de très nombreux inédits conservés dans des familles françaises ce que les critiques espagnols ont jusqu'ici ignoré, en particulier le rôle de Maxime Dethomas et l'importance de l'amitié entre Emile Bernard et Ignacio Zuloaga.

Le travail suit le jeune Espagnol dans ses différentes fréquentations des milieux artistiques, littéraires et mondains en s'appuyant toujours sur la justification de correspondances et documents d'époque. Ainsi sont étudiées successivement : les relations avec le Pays, le Sud-Ouest; la formation à Paris ; la période cruciale 1895-1898 avec les conséquences de son amitié avec Emile Bernard ; enfin les années de succès à Paris.

Ce nouveau travail précise, informe et remet en question l'image un peu trop figée d'un Zuloaga exclusivement peintre national de la «génération de 98».
García Lorca en Montevideo : un testimonio desconocido y más evidencia sobre la evolución de « Poeta en Nueva York »
Authors: Anderson A.A.
Published: January 2011

El texto que hemos encontrado y reproducido a continuación, aporta un testimonio extenso y revelador sobre la breve estancia de García Lorca en Montevideo (febrero de 1934). Sobretodo, nos interesa la narración que contiene este artículo-memoria de una recitación improvisada de poemas dada por Lorca durante la primera tarde de su visita. La identificación de la colección titulada Introducción a la muerte y de ciertos poemas clave que ahora le pertenecen nos proporciona datos importantes para seguir la evolución de los libros proyectados por Lorca, que habían de reunir sus «poemas neoyorkinos ».
Un poema olvidado de Vicente Aleixandre : « Oda a los niños de Madrid muertos por la metralla »
Authors: Fernández Ferrer A.
Published: January 2011

La « Oda a los niños de Madrid muertos por la metralla » ha permanecido olvidada hasta hoy entre las páginas de Ahora, periódico en donde se publicó en 1937. Esta composición no es sólo destacable por su valor intrínseco — a la altura de la mejor poesía inspirada por las trágicas circunstancias de la guerra civil española — , sino porque preludia ya la « conciencia histórica» que encontraremos en la obra de Aleixandre especialmente a partir de Historia del corazón.
Mesías y redentores : constante estructural y motivo temático en Fortunata y Jacinta
Authors: Urbina E
Published: January 2011

Dans Fortunata y Jacinta, Galdós essaye de résoudre les conflits qui existent entre la nature, la société et l'individu par l'affirmation de la spiritualité comme une source de, salut personnel qui proviendrait de deux concepts parallèles : le dévouement et le renoncement.

La recherche persistante et illusoire de cette rédemption constitue un leitmotiv qui la structure et qui donne un sens à l'agonie collective des personnages. La valeur ironique du développement psychologique, moral et social de Fortunata est ainsi mis en relief et contraste avec l'intériorisation supérieure, quoique inachevée, de Maximiliano Rubín. Cette dernière tendance trouvera son apogée dans le spiritualisme de plus en plus empreint de compassion et de désintéressement qui est inhérent aux protagonistes de Nazarin, Halma et Misericordia.
Falconi en France
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Inventario provisional de los escritos de Falconi (1596-1638) traducidos al francés.
Los cultismos herrerianos en el Primero sueño de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Authors: Perelmuter Pérez R
Published: January 2011

vEn este trabajo se estudian los cultismos en el Primero sueño, que se encuentran en la obra de Herrera pero no en la de Góngora. La presencia de estos vocablos en el poema apunta a una vinculación más estrecha entre Sor Juana y Herrera de lo que se había sospechado.
« Al pasar del arroyo », de Lope de Vega, ou la philosophie aux champs moquée
Authors: Maurel Serge
Published: January 2011

Écrite pour célébrer l'entrée à Madrid de la princesse française Isabelle, l'épousée de Philippe d'Autriche (décembre 1615), Al pasar del arroyo, « comedia villanesca », contemporaine de El villano en su rincón (cf. M. Bataillon), est en étroite relation avec les œuvres maîtresses du théâtre d'ambiance rustique où s'affirme la revendication paysanne.

La présente étude s'efforce d'éclairer les interactions ainsi établies entre paysans pour rire et paysans tout de bon ; de préciser comment Lope, poète courtisan, peut, dans le même temps, célébrer la philosophie du vilain et la moquer, faisant du « filósofo villano » un « filósofo cansado ».
« Pliegos de Cordel » : la intención moral de J. M. Caballero Bonald en la poesía de la infancia
Authors: Villanueva T.
Published: January 2011

El estudio se centra sobre un aspecto de la poesía española de posguerra conocida bajo el signo genérico de poesía social y se aprecia a través de la creación de José Manuel Caballero Bonald. Perteneciente a la Generación de Medio Siglo, este poeta, tanto en la vida pública como en el ejercicio creador, es partidario de una oposición ideológica en contra de la política y de los gustos literarios de un momento en la historia de España, los años 1955 a 1963, período en el que la poesía de esta índole estuvo más en auge. En ningún otro momento de la posguerra se acusa una poesía tan llena de circunstancia histórica y de vivencias personales o colectivas. En el corpus poético de Caballero Bonald se delatan juicios de peso moral al tratar la época de su infancia. Los asuntos de su primer libro, Las adivinaciones (1952), son el ars poética, la memoria, el erotismo, el hombre en su historia y la general miseria de la España de posguerra, pero al hacer referencia a su niñez (« la sombra de mi infancia donde yo sigo siendo / un miedo combativo... ») Caballero Bonald introduce el tema que más tarde será para él de una mayor preocupación. Sus libros posteriores, Memorias de poco tiempo (1955), Anteo (1955) y Las horas muertas (1959), amplían dichos tópicos ; pero es en Pliegos de cordel (1963) en el que el poeta explora a fondo su pasado traumático. En nueve poemas examina distintos incidentes de la infancia, llegando en cada uno a un juicio moral. Durante la guerra es testigo de la violencia, registros y secuestros por soldados falangistas, y durante la posguerra experimenta la represión en el aula de clase y en su vida intelectual adulta. Algunos de los juicios declarados son que la guerra destruye la inocencia, pervierte tanto la infancia como a la sociedad entera, y que el desarrollo espiritual es truncado bajo el Régimen anti-democrático franquista.
A vueltas con Jerónimo de Texeda y Juan de Luna
Authors: Lope Blanch Juan M.
Published: January 2011

La découverte de la première édition de l'Arte breve de Juan de Luna (Paris, 1616), dont a fait part la professeur S. Collet-Sedola [Bull. Hisp., 82, 1980, p. 189-198), ne va pas à l'encontre de ma supposition que la liste des verbes irréguliers incluse par Luna dans l'édition anglaise de son œuvre (Londies, 1627) était faite sur le modèle de la liste constituée par Jerónimo de Texeda et incluse dans sa Gramática española (Paris, 1619). Au contraire, voila qui confirme mon hypothèse, car dans la première édition française de l'Arte breve de Luna ne figure aucune liste de verbes irréguliers.
« Lectura y escritura en una ciudad provinciana del siglo XVI: Santiago de Compostela»
Authors: Gelabert González J. Eloy
Published: January 2011

En el ámbito de una ciudad provincial de la Castilla del siglo XVI, se tratan en este trabajo las cuestiones del nivel de uso de la escritura y extensión de la práctica de la lectura así como el contenido de dos inventarios de librerías y de 29 bibliotecas particulares. Se llega a determinar una cota de uso de la firma del 52,5 %, pero fuertemente polarizada hacia el sector clerical, muy abundante en la ciudad de Santiago. Por lo mismo, es el clero el grupo que destaca como consumidor de libros seguido de los estudiantes y los hombres de leyes, en significativa menor proporción. Con relación al contenido de las lecturas, éste se concentra en lo religioso y en los clásicos grecolatinos, con excepción de las bibliotecas de los abogados, de abrumadora presencia en libros jurídicos. Un cierto retroceso de la lectura erasmista y la permanencia de títulos a lo largo del siglo parecen ser las claves evolutivas más significativas en este modelo de cultura libresca provincial.
Las advertencias de Pedro de Valencia y Juan Ramírez acerca de la impresión de la « paraphrasis chaldaica» de la « Biblia Regia »
Authors: Jones J.A.
Published: January 2011

Cette étude est fondée sur les efforts d' Andrés de León pour réimprimer une version amendée de la Paraphrasis Chaldaica publiée par Arias Montano dans la Biblia Regia et les raisons générales apportées par Pedro de Valencia et Juan Moreno Ramírez contre cette tentative, documents qui se trouvent dans Bibl. nat., ms. 502, fol. 4 r°-16 r°. L'examen de la défense d'Arias Montano préparée par Valencia et Ramírez, et celle des censures présentées à l'Université d' Alcalá, à laquelle l'affaire fut soumise, nous offre des données intéressantes sur l'amitié profonde qui existait entre Montano et ses disciples, et éclaire dans le même temps certains aspects des études bibliques aux XVI et XVII siècles.
Falconi en France (suite)
Authors: Ricard Robert
Published: January 2011

Con este artículo se acaba el trabajo que empezó a publicarse en el número LXXXIII del Bulletin Hispanique. Se trata de demostrar que fue Falconi, en Francia, la inocente víctima de los historiadores que velaban por la ortodoxia. Dichos autores se han fundado casi exclusivamente en la Lettre... à une de ses filles spirituelles de Mme Guyon. El examen de una serie de textos revela el porqué de un juicio erróneo. La etiqueta de « pre- quietista » que le pusieron a Falconi, tan discutible ya en su mismo principio, le fue atribuida sin que se tuviesen en cuenta sus escritos, sus primeros partidarios, ni la mera cronología siquiera.
Del sentimiento caritativo en « Marianela » y « Misericordia »
Authors: Méndez Faith T.
Published: January 2011

Le thème de la charité revient d'une manière significative dans l'œuvre de Galdós. La quête d'une générosité spontanée et sans tâche, qui naisse naturellement de l'âme humaine, est déjà reconnaissable dans Marianela, reparaît dans Halma et Nazarin, et culmine dans Misericordia, dans la création du personnage Benina, la personnification parfaite de la charité chrétienne et l'incarnation humaine d'une de ses qualités essentielles (voir l'épigraphe). Dans cet essai nous analysons le développement du thème de la charité dans deux romans séparés par une vingtaine d'années, Marianela et Misericordia. Si l'on trouve dans le premier une exposition théorique de ce que l'auteur entend par la vraie charité, le second incarne dans le personnage de Benina ce qui n'est que discussion abstraite de Marianela.
Au jeu des masques, les images et les mots
Authors: Natanson Madeleine
Published: January 2011

Dans l’oratorio de Haydn La Création, les images précèdent les mots qui viendront ensuite pour les nommer. S’instaure un dialogue, une lutte parfois. Avec le vieillissement, les mots sont de plus en plus masqués, mais l’image demeure jusqu’au bout du chemin.
Les masques et la plume.
Authors: Dubois Claude-Gilbert
Published: January 2011

Le contenu de cette contribution au recueil consacré aux « masques » porte sur le travail d’écriture autobiographique. Outre la censure interne provenant de son propre inconscient, l’auteur de mémoires autobiographiques doit prendre en compte, pour sa propre sécurité, le « principe de précaution ». L’écrivain autobiographe ne peut donc que « s’avancer masqué ». Le rôle du lecteur critique est alors d’éveiller le soupçon sur les parties cachées du récit. Mais cette révélation, qui se prétend déchirement du voile ou arrachement du masque d’autrui, est également un démasquage des fantasmes et des obsessions du lecteur. Les masques et la plume, dans leur exercice acrobatique de masquage et marquage, de démarquage et de démasquage échangent perpétuellement leurs rôles dans une désopilante comédie policière qui pourrait s’appeler « Les Fausses confidences » ou « La Comédie des erreurs ».
La peau, théâtre de tous les masques
Authors: Aumage Monique
Published: January 2011

La peau est un masque à plusieurs facettes qui trahit ce que l’on ne voudrait pas montrer et par ses composantes psychosomatiques exprime un malaise intérieur que l’on ignore. La santé de la peau est en relation avec le narcissisme primaire et la pulsion scopique, la dialectique : voir/être vu. La complexité de tous ces éléments est relatée dans la cure d’une patiente atteinte d’une pelade. Chez cette patiente psychosomatique à faible capacité métaphorique, l’introduction de l’image par le rêve éveillé et l’élaboration de certains scénarios ont permis une nouvelle élaboration psychique et une approche de la problématique sous-jacente.
Clavicular Fracture in a Collegiate Football Player: A Case Report of Rapid Return to Play
Authors: Rabe Sarah B. , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: January 2011

Objective:

To present the case of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of a midshaft clavicular fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athlete.

Background:

While attempting to catch a pass during practice, the athlete jumped up and then landed on the tip of his shoulder. On-the-field evaluation was inconclusive, with a sideline evaluation diagnosis of clavicular fracture. Postinjury radiographs revealed a midshaft clavicular fracture.

Differential Diagnosis:

Spiral oblique midshaft clavicular fracture.

Treatment:

The sports medicine staff discussed surgical and nonsurgical options. A surgical procedure of internal fixation with an 8-hole plate was performed.

Uniqueness:

Surgical treatment for clavicular fractures is becoming increasingly common. This is the first report of an advanced rehabilitation protocol for surgical repair. We suggest that new rehabilitation protocols for clavicular repairs be investigated now that surgical treatment is being pursued more frequently.

Conclusions:

More aggressive treatment procedures and rehabilitation protocols for clavicular fractures have evolved in recent years. With these medical advancements, athletes are able to return to play much more quickly without compromising their health and safety.
Muscle Coactivation Before and After the Impact Phase of Running Following Isokinetic Fatigue
Authors: Kellis Eleftherios , Zafeiridis Andreas , Amiridis Ioannis G.
Published: January 2011

Context:

The effects of fatigue on impact loading during running are unclear, with some authors reporting increased impact forces and others reporting decreased forces.

Objective:

To examine the effects of isokinetic fatigue on muscle cocontraction ratios about the knee and ankle during running.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Neuromechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Female middle-distance runners (age  =  21.3 ± 1.93 years) with at least 5 years of training experience.

Intervention(s):

Participants ran on the treadmill at 3.61 m/s before and immediately after the fatigue protocol, which consisted of consecutive, concentric knee extension-flexion at 120°/s until they could no longer produce 30% of the maximum knee-extension moment achieved in the familiarization session for 3 consecutive repetitions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Electromyographic (EMG) amplitude of the vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GAS), and tibialis anterior (TA) was recorded using surface electrodes. Agonist∶antagonist EMG ratios for the knee (VM∶BF) and ankle (GAS∶TA) were calculated for the preactivation (PR), initial loading response (LR1), and late loading response (LR2) phases of running. Hip-, knee-, and ankle-joint angular displacements at initial foot contact were obtained from 3-dimensional kinematic tracings.

Results:

Fatigue did not alter the VM∶BF EMG ratio during the PR phase (P > .05), but it increased the ratio during the LR1 phase (P < .05). The GAS∶TA EMG ratio increased during the LR1 phase after fatigue (P < .05) but remained unchanged during the PR and LR2 phrases (P > .05).

Conclusions:

The increased agonist EMG activation, coupled with reduced antagonist EMG activation after impact, indicates that the acute decrease in muscle strength capacity of the knee extensors and flexors results in altered muscle-activation patterns about the knee and ankle before and after foot impact.
Hip-Abductor Fatigue and Single-Leg Landing Mechanics in Women Athletes
Authors: Patrek Mary F. , Kernozek Thomas W. , Willson John D. , Wright Glenn A. , Doberstein Scott T.
Published: January 2011

Context:

Reduced hip-abductor strength and muscle activation may be associated with altered lower extremity mechanics, which are thought to increase the risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. However, experimental evidence supporting this relationship is limited.

Objective:

To examine the changes in single-leg landing mechanics and gluteus medius recruitment that occur after a hip-abductor fatigue protocol.

Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty physically active women (age  =  21.0 ± 1.3 years).

Intervention(s):

Participants were tested before (prefatigue) and after (postfatigue) a hip-abductor fatigue protocol consisting of repetitive side-lying hip abduction.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Outcome measures included sagittal-plane and frontal-plane hip and knee kinematics at initial contact and at 60 milliseconds after initial contact during 5 single-leg landings from a height of 40 cm. Peak hip and knee sagittal-plane and frontal-plane joint moments during this time interval were also analyzed. Measures of gluteus medius activation, including latency, peak amplitude, and integrated signal, were recorded.

Results:

A small (<1°) increase in hip-abduction angle at initial contact and a small (<1°) decrease in knee-abduction (valgus) angle at 60 milliseconds after contact were observed in the postfatigue landing condition. No other kinematic changes were noted for the knee or hip at initial contact or at 60 milliseconds after initial contact. Peak external knee-adduction moment decreased 27% and peak hip adduction moment decreased 24% during the postfatigue landing condition. Gluteus medius activation was delayed after the protocol, but no difference in peak or integrated signal was seen during the landing trials.

Conclusions:

Changes observed during single-leg landings after hip-abductor fatigue were not generally considered unfavorable to the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. Further work may be justified to study the role of hip-abductor activation in protecting the knee during landing.
Whole-Body Vibration and the Prevention and Treatment of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Authors: Aminian-Far Atefeh , Hadian Mohammad-Reza , Olyaei Gholamreza , Talebian Saeed , Bakhtiary Amir Hoshang
Published: January 2011

Context:

Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as a viable warm-up for athletes. However, scientific evidence to support the protective effects of WBV training (WBVT) on muscle damage is lacking.

Objective:

To investigate the acute effect of WBVT applied before eccentric exercise in the prevention of DOMS.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 32 healthy, untrained volunteers were randomly assigned to either the WBVT (n  =  15) or control (n  =  17) group.

Intervention(s):

Volunteers performed 6 sets of 10 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the dominant-limb knee extensors on a dynamometer. In the WBVT group, the training was applied using a vibratory platform (35 Hz, 5 mm peak to peak) with 100° of knee flexion for 60 seconds before eccentric exercise. No vibration was applied in the control group.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, and pressure pain threshold were recorded at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days postexercise. Maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength were assessed at baseline, immediately after exercise, and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days postexercise. Serum creatine kinase was measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 7 days postexercise.

Results:

The WBVT group showed a reduction in DOMS symptoms in the form of less maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength loss, lower creatine kinase levels, and less pressure pain threshold and muscle soreness (P < .05) compared with the control group. However, no effect on thigh circumference was evident (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Administered before eccentric exercise, WBVT may reduce DOMS via muscle function improvement. Further investigation should be undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of WBVT in attenuating DOMS in athletes.
Cooling the Neck Region During Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Tyler Christopher James , Sunderland Caroline
Published: January 2011

Context:

Cooling the neck region can improve the ability to exercise in a hot environment. It might improve performance by dampening the perceived level of thermal strain, allowing individuals to override inhibitory signals.

Objective:

To investigate whether the enhanced ability to exercise in a hot environment observed when cooling the neck region occurs because of dampening the perceived level of thermal strain experienced and the subsequent overriding of inhibitory signals.

Design:

Crossover study.

Setting:

Walk-in environmental chamber.

Patients or Other Participants:

Eight endurance-trained, nonacclimated men (age  =  26 ± 2 years, height  =  1.79 ± 0.04 m, mass  =  77.0 ± 6.2 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [V˙O2max]  =  56.2 ± 9.2 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated.

Intervention(s):

Participants completed 4 running tests at approximately 70% V˙O2max to volitional exhaustion: 2 familiarization trials followed by 2 experimental trials (cooling collar [CC] and no collar [NC]). Trials were separated by 7 days. Familiarization and NC trials were performed without a collar and used to assess the test variability.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Time to volitional exhaustion, heart rate, rectal temperature, neck skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and feeling scale (pleasure/displeasure) were measured.

Results:

Time to volitional exhaustion was increased by 13.5% ± 3.8% (CC  =  43.15 ± 12.82 minutes, NC  =  38.20 ± 11.70 minutes; t7  =  9.923, P < .001) with the CC, which reduced mean neck skin temperature throughout the test (P < .001). Participants terminated exercise at identical levels of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and feeling scale, but the CC enabled participants to tolerate higher rectal temperatures (CC  =  39.61°C ± 0.45°C, NC  =  39.18°C ± 0.7°C; t7  =  −3.217, P  =  .02) and heart rates (CC  =  181 ± 6 beats/min, NC  =  178 ± 9 beats/min; t7  =  −2.664, P  =  .03) at the point of termination.

Conclusions:

Cooling the neck increased the time taken to reach volitional exhaustion by dampening the perceived levels of thermal strain.
Athletic Trainers' Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes
Authors: Ensign Kristine A. , Yiamouyiannis Athena , White Kristi M. , Ridpath B. David
Published: January 2011

Context:

Researchers have investigated heterosexuals' attitudes toward homosexuals, focusing on factors such as sex, race, religion, education, and contact experiences. However, in the context of sport, this research is deficient. We found no published literature investigating athletic trainers (ATs') attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual student-athletes (LGB).

Objective:

To determine heterosexual ATs' attitudes toward LGB student-athletes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Design:

Cross-sectional study

Setting:

E-mailed survey.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 964 ATs employed at member institutions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We measured attitudes using the Attitudes Toward Lesbian, Gay Men, and Bisexuals (ATLGB) Scale. To determine the extent to which sex, religion, and whether having an LGB friend or family member had an effect on ATs' attitudes, we performed analysis of variance. To establish the effect of age on ATs' attitudes, we calculated a Pearson correlation. We used an independent t test to identify differences between ATs who reported working with LGB student-athletes and ATs who did not.

Results:

With ATLGB score as the dependent factor, a main effect was noted for sex, religion, and having an LGB friend or family member (P < .01 for all comparisons). Age and total score were related (P < .01). A difference was seen in the ATLGB scores between ATs who were aware of LGB student-athletes on their teams and ATs who were not (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Many ATs hold positive attitudes toward LGB student-athletes, especially females, those who have an LGB friend or family member, and those who are aware of LGB student-athletes. Still, it is important to provide an open environment in the athletic training room for all student-athletes.
Previous Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Postural-Control Dynamics
Authors: Sosnoff Jacob J. , Broglio Steven P. , Shin Sunghoon , Ferrara Michael S.
Published: January 2011

Context:

Postural control and cognitive function are adversely affected by acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Whether postural-control deficits persist beyond the acute stage in individuals with a history of mTBI is unclear.

Objective:

To determine if postural-control deficits persist in individuals with a history of mTBI.

Design:

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

As part of an ongoing investigation examining cognitive and motor deficits associated with mTBI, 224 individuals participated in the study. Of these, 62 participants self-reported at least 1 previous physician-diagnosed mTBI.

Intervention(s):

Postural control was assessed using the NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) postural-assessment battery.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The SOT postural assessment yields 4 indices of postural control: a composite balance score, a visual ratio score, a somatosensory score, and a vestibular score. Postural dynamics were also examined by calculating approximate entropy of center-of-pressure excursions in the anteroposterior and mediolateral axis for each test condition.

Results:

Minimal differences in the SOT indices were noted among individuals with and without a history of previous mTBI (P > .05). In the group with a history of mTBI, anteroposterior postural irregularity decreased as postural difficulty increased. In contrast, the group without a history of mTBI displayed increased postural irregularity in the mediolateral direction.

Conclusions:

Individuals with a history of mTBI exhibited altered postural dynamics compared with individuals without a history of mTBI. These findings support the notion that changes in cerebral functioning that affect postural control may persist long after acute injury resolution.
Rate and Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Among Sportswomen in Slovenia
Authors: Vauhnik Renata , Morrissey Matthew C. , Rutherford Olga M. , Turk Zmago , Pilih Iztok A. , Perme Maja Pohar
Published: January 2011

Context:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injury rate is greater among female athletes than among male athletes.

Objective:

To investigate the rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen playing professional basketball, team handball, or volleyball.

Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Setting:

The Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball.

Patients or Other Participants:

During the 2003–2004 season, we prospectively followed 585 Slovenian sportswomen registered in the Slovenian National Organizations of basketball, team handball, and volleyball.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We asked sportswomen and coaches to document the occurrence of every significant traumatic knee injury requiring medical attention. Injury rate and injury risk were calculated for sportswomen in each sport group. To calculate injury rate, we estimated the average exposure of each sportswoman during the research period.

Results:

During the 2003–2004 season, 585 Slovenian sportswomen sustained 12 ACL injuries. The ACL-injury risk was different in athletes participating in the various sports, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk and volleyball players having the lowest ACL-injury risk (P  =  .04). The risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen was 2.1 per 100 athletes (95% confidence interval  =  0.9, 3.2), whereas the rate of ACL injury was 0.037 per 1000 exposure hours (95% confidence interval  =  0.016, 0.06).

Conclusions:

Overall differences in injury risk were found among sports, but no differences were noted among divisions within sports. No differences for injury rate were observed between or within sports. The rate and risk of ACL injury among Slovenian sportswomen are high, with basketball players having the greatest ACL-injury risk.
Wind speed dependent size-resolved parameterization for the organic enrichment of sea spray
Authors: Gantt B. , Meskhidze N.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. For oceans to become a significant source of primary organic aerosol, sea spray must be highly enriched with organics relative to the bulk seawater. We propose that organic enrichment at the air-sea interface, chemical composition of seawater, and the aerosol size are three main parameters controlling the organic fraction of sea spray aerosol (OCss). To test this hypothesis, we developed a new marine primary organic aerosol emission function based on a conceptual relationship between the organic enrichment at the air-sea interface and surface wind speed. The resulting parameterization is explored using aerosol chemical composition and surface wind speed from Atlantic and Pacific coastal stations, and satellite-derived ocean concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Of all the parameters examined, a multi-variable logistic regression revealed that the combination of 10 m wind speed and surface chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chl-a]) are the most consistent predictors of OCss. This relationship, combined with the published aerosol size dependence of OCss, resulted in a new parameterization for the organic carbon fraction of sea spray. Global marine primary organic emission is investigated here by applying this newly-developed relationship to existing sea spray emission functions, satellite-derived [Chl-a], and modeled 10 m winds. Analysis of model simulations show that global annual submicron marine organic emission associated with sea spray is estimated to be from 2.1 to 5.3 Tg C yr−1. This study provides additional evidence that marine primary organic aerosols are a globally significant source of organics in the atmosphere.