bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Multilateral Instrument: Avoidance of Permanent Establishment Status and the Reservations on behalf of Australia and the UK
Authors: Ivanova Milla
Published: June 2021

This paper will discuss the Permanent Establishment (‘PE’) provisions of the recently signed Multilateral Instrument (‘MLI’). Specifically, it will examine the MLI’s adoption of the Organisation of Economic Co-Operation and Development (‘OECD’) 2015 Action 7 Final Report on Preventing the Artificial Avoidance of PE Status into Articles 12-15. It will then proceed to evaluate the potential effectiveness of these Articles in the MLI in light of the reservations made by Australia and the UK and the unilateral measures enacted by the two countries to combat Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (‘BEPS’). By examining the unilateral approach of both nations, this paper aims to highlight that multilateral solutions are essential to achieve global coherence and restore confidence in the international tax system.
Teaching Contract Vitiation in Australia: New Challenges in Subject Design
Authors: Bigwood Rick , Mullins Rob
Published: June 2021

This article considers new challenges that potentially confront designers of contract-law syllabi in Australia, particularly in relation to assisting formative learners of the law to organize their conceptual knowledge of various factors or events that might work to ‘vitiate’ a contractual relationship apparently formed at law. Having recently prepared a new contract-law subject incorporating ‘vitiating factors’ within its purview, the authors describe the approach that they took to the design and presentation of that particular component of the course. Many, if not most, of the factors were presented as responding to particular (and quite familiar) forms of pre-contractual bargaining behaviour that subject an otherwise rational jural agent to an improper reason for intentional entry into a lawful contract. None of the vitiating factors, the authors decided, could be adequately explained in terms of single-party ‘defective consent’ alone. But no sooner had the new course been delivered than the High Court released its decision in Thorne v Kennedy. The majority of the judgments in that case immediately rendered descriptively inadequate at least part of the conceptual account that the authors had built for their learners in the subject. This article describes how that occurred and what ramifications might follow for the design and delivery of contract-law courses in Australia in the future, at least in relation to so-called ‘vitiating factors’.
Final Report - Workshop on Personal Property Security Law Reform
Authors: Allan David E , Quirk Patrick , Martin Nicole
Published: June 2021

Work on the reform of the law relating to personal property security law reform has been under way in Australia for more than 40 years. Although it has progressed sporadically, it has had a constant objective. That objective has been to streamline the multiple and complex system of State and federal laws and procedures, based on statute and case law, in order to develop an efficient and modern regime to reduce the uncertainty and cost of financing transactions against personal property. The category of property described as “personal” has increased in size and value over that time, and it now plays a much greater role in security for business finance. Advances in technology have made the task of developing an appropriate infrastructure more effective and straightforward. Changes in taxation laws have meant that there is less emphasis on the production and registration of documents for revenue purposes. Our economy has become more dependent on credit for growth at all levels.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PASIEN DALAM LAYANAN KONSULTASI KESEHATAN ONLINE
Authors: Budiyanti Rani Tiyas , Herlambang Penggalih Mahardika
Published: June 2021

Layanan konsultasi kesehatan online atau sering dikenal dengan telekonsultasi merupakan bagian dari telemedisin. Teknologi tersebut mulai berkembang di Indonesia sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi di bidang kesehatan. Fleksibilitas waktu, biaya konsultasi yang lebih rendah, jangkauan yang luas, serta peningkatan  layanan kesehatan merupakan keuntungan yang diperoleh dari implementasi teknologi tersebut. Meskipun demikian, implementasi layanan konsultasi dokter online berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan etika dan hukum di Indonesia seperti permasalahan legalitas tempat praktik, legalitas izin praktik, transaksi terapeutik, serta permasalahan kerahasiaan dan keamanan data pasien. Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi khusus mengenai implementasi konsultasi kesehatan online. Regulasi spesifik diperlukan agar implementasi teknologi tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan etika dan  hukum. Selain itu, medical device standard sebaiknya terus dikembangkan untuk mendukung implementasi layanan konsultasi dokter online.
A Cognitive Analysis of Poems in A Dream of Red Mansions from the Perspective of Image Schema
Authors: Xia Yunyi , Wang Yuemin
Published: June 2021

This paper adopts a cognitive perspective in the analysis of various image schemas in the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the most influential classical masterpieces in Chinese literature. Two poems from the novel are interpreted from the perspective of link schema, container schema, up-down schema, part-whole schema, and source-path-goal schema, to reveal the personalities, values and life philosophies of the two female protagonists. The contrast between the pessimism and melancholy of Daiyu and the optimism and aspiration of Baochai demonstrates the author’s understanding of that time and society, especially the status and fate of females. The analysis illustrates that image schemas, which involves bodily experience and metaphorical projection from concrete to abstract domains, can surpass language boundaries, reveal emotions and themes, and shed light on cross-cultural studies of literature.
An Analysis of the Aspects Hampering Informal Sector Tax Administration: Case of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority
Authors: Otekunrin Adegbola , Matowanyika Kudzanai , Tafadzwa Chena
Published: June 2021

The main focus of the study was to ascertain the potential of the informal sector to provide much-needed revenue for the government. It also focused on the challenges faced in informal sector revenue taxation and possible solutions thereof. The Zimbabwe revenue authority has maintained presumptive tax for the sector and subcontracting to the city of Harare for the collection of revenue from the informal sector. Despite all this, the industry still underperformed in terms of revenue raised. The study sought to find out challenges of taxing the informal sector, the potential of the informal sector, the effectiveness of the Zimbabwe revenue authority in taxing the informal sector, and possible ways of improving the taxing of this rampant sector. The study found out that there is great potential from the informal sector, but turning it into tangible gains has been elusive due to political interference, lack of proper infrastructure, unfair application of tax laws and general mistrust of the government. The study recommended that the government ought to play an active role by making sure there is the political will to make sure that players in the informal sector contribute to the focus in line with Adam Smith’s general principles which include fairness and equity. There is a need for staffing levels to be commensurate with the workloads and also the motivation of the employees. The research also recommended the adaptation of Information Communication Technology to ensure accountability and traceability of transactions in the informal sector as they move away from a cash-based system recommendation.
Analysis of Inter-Country Trade Flows Based on Input - Output Model Between Vietnam - EU - China and the United States
Authors: Quang Thai Nguyen , Bui Trinh
Published: June 2021

In recent years, although the balance of trade in goods of Vietnam has always been surplus for many years but the real domestic economy has been also deficit. People were thrilled for that achievement. The study attempts to estimate how the trade flows between the four countries Vietnam, China, the United State (US) and the Europe (EU) induce to output and value added of each country?The research used inter - country input - output model between those countries for analyzing the effects of trade flow to the economy of each country, especially for Vietnam.
Monte Carlo Simulations as a Tool to Support Quantitative Value for Money Assessment of Public Private Partnership Project
Authors: Hang Dinh Thi Thuy , Kim Nguyen Thi
Published: June 2021

Value for money assessment is a crucial approach to compare the value of a project done by Public Private Partnership (PPP) with traditional government procurement. However, one of the most challenges in Value for money (VFM) assessment is uncertainty in inputs, which lead to imprecise output computation. To solve this issue, some practical studies suggest Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) as a tool to support quantitative Value for money assessment to achieve reliable outcome estimation. Although many international researches focus on quantitative VFM analysis with the use of MCS, few Vietnamese studies conduct this issue. This research illustrates the application of MCS to support quantitative VFM assessment of PPP projects in Vietnam. A case study of a transport project in Vietnam is employed to demonstrate the model.
Impact of Intravenous Aspirin Administration on Ventriculostomy-Associated Hemorrhage in Coiled Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Evans David , Flood Richard , Davies Owain , Wareham James , Mortimer Alex
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Aspirin has beneficial effects on coiling, even in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, but there is also a perceived risk of increased bleeding and, importantly, a concern regarding ventriculostomy-associated hemorrhage (VAH) in those with complicating hydrocephalus. We aimed to assess the rate and extent of VAH in patients specifically treated with procedural intravenous aspirin during endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.Materials and Methods: This was a single neurovascular center retrospective observational study of consecutive patients treated over a three-year period. The rate of VAH assessed using computed tomography and clinical outcomes were compared in patients receiving intraprocedural intravenous aspirin loading (n=90) versus those that did not receive the drug (n=40).Results: There was a significantly elevated rate of VAH in patients receiving intravenous aspirin (30% vs. 2.5%, odds ratio 16.7 [95% confidence interval: 2.2–128.0], P<0.0001). The majority of VAH was <10 mm in size (70%) with the largest bleed measuring 20 mm. No hematoma required surgical evacuation. No difference in favorable outcome at discharge was demonstrated. There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Loading with intravenous aspirin during endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms significantly increases the risk of VAH, but most are small with minimal impact on clinical outcome at discharge. Intravenous aspirin should probably be reserved for selected cases but should not be withheld based on risk of VAH.
The impact of cannabis use on male sexual function: A 10-year, single-center experience
Authors: Shiff Benjamin , Blankstein Udi , Hussaen Jafar , Jarvi Keith , Grober Ethan , Lo Kirk , Lajkosz Katherine , Krakowsky Yonah
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Despite increasing consumption rates in much of the world, the impact of cannabis use on various components of male sexual function remain poorly established. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the relationship between cannabis use and reproductive and sexual function using a large patient cohort from a single academic andrology clinic.

Methods: This is a historical cohort study from a single academic center andrology clinic. Patients from 2008–2017 were included. Intake questionnaires provided baseline demographic information, as well as data regarding substance use and various sexual function parameters. Subjects were categorized as cannabis users or non-users. Cannabis users and non-users were compared using descriptive statistics and Chi-squared tests, and regression analyses were performed to test for association.

Results: A total of 7809 males were included in the study; 993 (12.7%) were cannabis users and 6816 (87.3%) were non-users. Cannabis users had a higher mean Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score (21.94.4 vs. 21.24.8, p<0.001) and mean serum total testosterone (13.412.0 nmol/L vs. 12.611.8 nmol/L, p=0.04) than non-users, although they also had a higher rate of positive Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) scores (52% vs. 46%, p<0.001). Cannabis users also reported higher sexual frequency compared to non-users (8.8 events/month vs. 7.8 events/month, p<0.05). On multivariate analysis, cannabis use was not associated with SHIM score or serum testosterone concentration. Cannabis use was associated with positive ADAM scores.

Conclusions: Cannabis use was not associated with clinically significant deleterious effects on male sexual parameters in this cohort.
Fosfowash: Early proof of concept study investigating intravesical fosfomycin for recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Welk Blayne , Munday Christopher , Burton Jeremy , Baverstock Richard J.
Published: June 2021

NA, research letter
The Use of Audio-Visual Materials in the Education of Students with Hearing Loss
Authors: Akay Elif
Published: June 2021

Learning is the process of restructuring mental schemas through adaptation to new experiences. Instructional materials help form a suitable and individualized educational environment for students with hearing loss while facilitating lexical development and comprehension of academic content. This case study aims to demonstrate the contribution of visual and audiovisual materials to the efficiency of the Social Studies Course for 4th-grade students with hearing loss. Findings of the study have been collected through video recordings of the lessons, validity meetings, the research log, realia, photographs/images, graphic organizers, and educational videos/documentaries. Data analysis demonstrates that the use of visual and audiovisual materials contributes substantially to students’ (a) comprehension of the questions and explanations, (b) participation in and drawing conclusions from classroom discussions, and (c) understanding of new vocabulary and concepts. Based on the results, it can be argued that the use of visual and auditory materials presented so as to cater to the individual needs of the students, together with various educational strategies, provides significant advantages in the acquisition of academic knowledge by students with hearing loss.
An Investigation into the Influence of Blended Learning on Oral English Proficiency of Senior High School Students
Authors: Xin Li , Zhongbao Zhao
Published: June 2021

We advocate the in-depth integration of information technology and education in the digital age, and we also encourage teachers of all disciplines to actively carry out online and offline blended learning. This study attempts to use an empirical research to apply the Blended Learning to the oral English teaching in the first year of senior high school. A one-semester teaching experiment is conducted to explore whether there is a significant difference in the students’ oral English proficiency between the experimental class and the controlled class. The major findings of the study are as follows: (1) There are significant differences of students’ oral English proficiency before and after the experiment in the experimental class and the controlled class; (2) Blended learning can improve students’ oral English proficiency, among which pronunciation and intonation, range and accuracy of vocabulary and fluency of language are the most significant ones, while the accuracy and complexity of grammatical structure are insignificant.
A Comparison of the Multiple Intelligence Profiles of Trainee Music Teachers in Respect of Music Genre Preference
Authors: Pirgon Yuksel
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the multiple intelligence profiles of students in the Music Education Department of Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education, Department of Music Teaching of Fine Arts Department, in relation to the variable of music genre to which they preferred to listen. The data collection tool used in the research was the 80-item “Scale for the Evaluation of Multiple Intelligence Areas”, developed by Armstrong, and to obtain the relevant variables, a structured interview form was prepared. The scale was applied to 106 trainee music teachers. Conformity of the data obtained to normal distribution was assessed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and in the comparisons of multiple groups, the One Way ANOVA test was applied as the data showed normal distribution. The most general result that emerged was that there was a difference between the points of the multiple intelligence profiles that the students have developed according to the music genre to which they listen. A striking result was that there was a significant difference between all the intelligence profile points of the students who preferred to listen to rap/hip-hop music and those of the students who preferred other music types.
Application of Statistical Monitoring Using Autocorrelated Data and With the Influence of Multicollinearity in a Steel Process
Authors: Pimenta Cristie Diego , Borges Silva Messias , Silva Marins Fernando Augusto , da Silva Aneirson Francisco
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a practical application of control charts in an industrial process that has data auto-correlated with each other. Although the control charts created by Walter A. Shewhart are very effective in monitoring processes, there are very important statistical assumptions for Shewhart's control charts to be applied correctly. Choosing the correct Control Chart is essential for managers to be able to make coherent decisions within companies. With this study, it was possible to demonstrate that the original data collected in the process, which at first appeared to have many special causes of variation, was actually a stable process (no anomalies present). However, this finding required the use of autoregressive models, multivariate statistics, autocorrelation and normality tests, multicollinearity analysis and the use of the EWMA control chart. It was concluded that it is of fundamental importance to choose the appropriate control chart for monitoring industrial processes, to ensure that changes in processes do not incorporate non-existent variations and do not cause an increase in the number of defective products.
The Effectiveness of the Semantic Concept Map Method in Concept Teaching to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: KOÇAK Fatih , SARI Hakan
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the semantic concept map method in teaching the family concepts of life studies lessons to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A multiple probe model with probe phase between subjects, one of the single-subject research methods, was used. The subjects of the study are 10-year-old three boys diagnosed with ASD. Inter-observer reliability and implementation reliability data were also collected in the study. Graphical analysis of the obtained data was made. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the semantic concept map method was effective in teaching the concepts within the theme of our family to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
ON EXTREME POINTS OF A CERTAIN LINEAR SPACE OF LOCALLY UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS
Authors: NOOR KUALIDA INAYAT
Published: June 2021

Let $H = (H, \oplus, \odot)$ denote the real linear space of locally univalent normalized functions in the unit disc as defined by Hornich. For $-1\le B 2$, the classes $V_k[A,B]$ of functions with bounded boundary rotation are introduced and this linear space structure is used to determine the extreme points of the classes $V_k[A,B]$.
CANONIZATION OF THE AVANT-GARDE: ON THE
PUBLICATION AVANT-GARDE MUSEUM
Authors: Lubiak Jarosław
Published: June 2021

The monumental publication Avant-garde
Museum (ed. Agnieszka Pindera, Jarosław Suchan, Muzeum
Sztuki w Łodzi, Łódź 2020) juxtaposes and analyses four
museum projects: Museums of Artistic Culture in Soviet
Russia, the activity of the Société Anonyme in the USA,
Poland’s ‘a.r.’ Group, and the Kabinett der Abstrakten, the
selection criterion being that each was conceived by Avantgarde
artists; additionally, in the projects’ assumptions the
artists were to run the implementation of the projects.
The publication has been divided into three sections:
research papers, source texts, and the catalogue of documents
and works. The study of the Avant-garde museum
projects spans over four areas: the concept, collection, organization,
and display. However, these issues are not isolated
in the research, but more purposefully integrated. The
main goal of the study is to show how the Avant-garde institutionalized
itself. This very thesis is reflected upon in the
present paper. Just like the consequences of this publication:
e.g., entering the Avant-garde into the canon of art history
and sanctifying its output as an unquestionable value.
Towards Risk-Informed Development: Improving Political Disaster Risk Modeling in the Nile Basin Region Using Big Data and Machine Learning
Authors:   , Elkelani Zeyad
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze disaster risk components and how they impact intrastate and interstate conditions in the context of resilient development. There are two main factors that affect disaster risk: exposure to specific natural hazards and vulnerability of a given region, community, or state regarding susceptibility factors, coping abilities, and adaptive capabilities. This dissertation also builds a custom database given the name of the Structural, Survey & Events (SSED) from 95 data sources for disaster risk components in the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) states between 2000 and 2020. The modeling takes place using machine learning algorithms running on High-Performance Computing (HPC) resources as part of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) program. Furthermore, the dissertation illustrates the fact that political risk is closely linked to lower susceptibility in NBI states, whereas bilateral cooperation is dependent on exposure and coping capacities. On the other hand, the risk of inequality relies on the adaptive capabilities of the Nile Basin region. Deep Learning models have shown promising results, indicating that disaster exposure elements do indeed fit greatly across different explained disaster risks or impacts. Thus, building an End-to-End Machine Learning Pipeline for data processing and modeling using HPC helps reach the best-fitting model, confirming that granular spatiotemporal yields a better fit. In this dissertation, machine learning prediction is used to rank NBI states across political risk, bilateral diplomatic, cooperative interstate aptitude, and risk of inequality showing varying results across NBI states.
Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach to Test-Retest Reliability
Authors:   , Snijder Jean-Paul
Published: June 2021

Cognitive control, also known as attentional control or executive function, is a set of fundamental processes that are utilized in a wide range of cognitive functioning: including working memory, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Currently, no existing theory of cognitive control unifies experimental and individual differences approaches. Some even argue that cognitive control as a psychometric construct does not exist at all. These disparities may exist in part because individual differences research in cognitive control utilizes tasks optimized for experimental effects (i.e., Stroop effect). As a result, many cognitive control tasks do not have reliable individual differences despite robust experimental effects (Hedge, Powell, & Sumner, 2018). In the current study, we examine the efficacy of a new task battery based on the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control theory (DMCC; Braver, 2012) to provide reliable estimates of individual differences in cognitive control. With two sets of analyses, the first traditional (e.g., split-half, ICC, and rho), and the second hierarchical Bayesian, we provide evidence that (1) reliable individual differences can be extracted from experimental tasks, and (2) weak correlations between tasks of cognitive control are not solely caused by the attenuation of unreliable estimates. The implications of our findings suggest that it is unlikely that poor measurement practices are the cause of the weak between-task correlations in cognitive control, and that a psychometric construct of cognitive control should be reconsidered
Expression of FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 gene in tissues of muscovy duck at different growth stages and its association with muscovy duck weight
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Ge Liyan , Zhang Huilin , Liu Xiaolin
Published: June 2021

Objective: FKBP prolyl isomerase 5 (FKBP5) has been shown to play an important role in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle. However, the expression of FKBP5 in Muscovy duck tissues and its association with body weight are still unclear.Methods: In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of FKBP5 in different tissues of Muscovy duck at different growth stages. Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the exon region of FKBP5 and were combined analyzed with the body weight of 334 Muscovy ducks.Results: FKBP5 was highly expressed in various tissues of Muscovy duck at days 17, 19, 21, 24, and 27 of embryonic development. In addition, the expression of FKBP5 in the tissues of female adult Muscovy ducks was higher than that of male Muscovy ducks. Besides, an association analysis indicated that 3 SNPs were related to body weight trait. At the g.4819252 A>G, the body weight of AG genotype was significantly higher than that of the AA and the GG genotype. At the g.4821390 G>A, the genotype GA was extremely significantly related to body weight. At the g.4830622 T>G, the body weight of TT was significantly higher than GG and TG.Conclusion: These findings indicate the possible effects of expression levels in various tissues and the SNPs of FKBP5 on Muscovy duck body weight trait. FKBP5 could be used as molecular marker for muscle development trait using early marker-assisted selection of Muscovy ducks.
Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza aerial parts on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes in rabbits
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Luo Yiran , Li Pei , Zhang Feike , Liu Ning
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S.m.) aerial parts as an alternative ingredient on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes in growing rabbits.Methods: Treatments included five tested diets: a control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet +enramycin at 5 mg/kg), and S.m. aerial parts powder added at 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% of feed using 300 growing rabbits.Results: The diets with S.m. aerial parts addition at 9.0% decreased (p<0.05) feed/gain compared to the control, but there were no differences in feed intake and body weight gain. In contrast with the control, the addition of antibiotic increased (p<0.05) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, fiber, and ash. The herb addition did not cause differences in the digestibility of most nutrients compared to the antibiotic, but fiber digestibility of the herb at 6.0% and 9.0% was lower (p<0.05) than that of the antibiotic. Moreover, the antibiotic and the herb also similarly increased (p<0.05) the activities of duodenal α-amylase, maltase, lipase, and trypsin, compared to the control, and the herb at 6.0% and 9.0% showed a greater (p<0.05) activity of elastase than the dose 3.0%.Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that S.m. aerial parts can be a potential forage in rabbit’s diet at 9.0% with a beneficial regulation on nutrition and digestion.
Effects of starvation-induced negative energy balance on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of cows
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Adachi Shuya , Shiiba Yuichiroh , Takeda Ken-ichi , Haga Satoshi , Yonekura Shinichi
Published: June 2021

Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress engages the unfolded protein response (UPR) that serves as an important mechanism for modulating hepatic fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. Chronic fasting in mice induced the UPR activation to regulate lipid metabolism. However, there is no direct evidence of whether negative energy balance (NEB) induces ER stress in the liver of cows. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the NEB attributed to feed deprivation and ER stress in bovine hepatocytes.Methods: Blood samples and liver biopsy tissues were collected from 6 non-lactating cows before and after their starvation for 48 h. The blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose level were analyzed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to explore the regulation of genes associated with UPR and lipid metabolism.Results: The starvation increased the plasma BHBA and NEFA levels and decreased the glucose level. Additionally, the starvation caused significant increases in the mRNA expression level of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and the protein level of phosphorylated inositol-requiring kinase 1 alpha (p-IRE1α; an upstream protein of XBP1) in the liver. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its target fatty acid oxidation- and ketogenesis-related genes were significantly upregulated by the starvation-mediated NEB. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic genes were not significantly changed after starvation.Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the initial stage of NEB in dairy cows, the liver coordinates an adaptive response by activating the IRE1 arm of the UPR to enhance ketogenesis, thereby avoiding a fatty liver status.
Genetic parameters for somatic cell score, milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf goats
Authors: Valencia-Posadas Mauricio , Lechuga-Arana Alma Arianna , Ávila-Ramos Fidel , Shepard Lisa , Montaldo Hugo H.
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for somatic cell score (SCS), milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf (ND) goats from the United States.Methods: Data from 1,041 ND goats in the United States with kiddings in 95 herds were used to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for SCS, milk (MILK), fat (FAT), and protein (PROT) yields, and 14 type traits. An 18-trait mixed linear animal model for lactation mean SCS (Log2), MILK, FAT, PROT, and 14 type traits was applied. A factor analytic approach (FA1) in ASReml software was used to obtain convergence.Results: Averages for SCS were low (2.85±1.29 Log2), and were 314±110.6, 20.9±7.4, and 14±4.9 kg, respectively, for MILK, FAT, and PROT. Heritabilities for SCS, MILK, FAT, and PROT were 0.32, 0.16, 0.16, and 0.10, respectively. The highest heritabilities for type traits were for stature (0.72), teat diameter (0.49), and rump width (0.48), and the lowest estimates were for dairyness (0.003) and medial suspensory ligament (0.03). Genetic correlations of SCS with MILK, FAT, and PROT were positive but low (0.25, 0.18, and 0.23, respectively). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between MILK, FAT, and PROT were high and positive (≥0.66). Absolute values of genetic correlations involving SCS with type traits were generally low or no different from zero. Most of the phenotypic correlations involving SCS with type traits were low. No serious unfavorable genetic correlations between milk yield traits and SCS or between milk yield traits or SCS and type traits were found.Conclusion: Genetic variation exists in the ND breed for most studied traits. The development of selection programs based on these estimates may help accelerate favorable multitrait genetic changes in this breed.
Solar Technology in Agriculture
Authors: Hasnain Tariq Ghulam , Ashraf Muhammad , Sohaib Hasnain Umar
Published: June 2021

Promotion of sustainable agriculture is one of the most priority development goal set by United Nations for achieving the food security to meet the ever-increasing global population food demand. Because of extreme importance of agriculture sector, significant technological developments have been made that played pivotal role for sustainable agriculture by value addition in agricultural products and meeting energy demands for machinery and irrigation. These developments include improved cultivation practices, processing units for agricultural products and operation of machinery and irrigation systems based on solar energy. Moreover, the emergence of new technologies and climate smart solutions with reduced carbon footprints have significantly addressed the ever-increasing fuel costs and changing climate needs. PV based solar irrigation pumps and agricultural machinery is typical example of this. Because, awareness of these technological development is essential to overcome energy issues, availability of energy to perform agricultural activities for sustainable agriculture at farm level and socioeconomic uplift of farming community to meet food requirements needs in the future. Therefore, this chapter attempts at providing the introduction of technologies for direct and indirect use of solar energy in the agriculture sector. The typical examples of direct use of solar energy like greenhouses or tunnel farming for cultivation of crops and vegetables and use of solar dryers for drying agricultural products have been comprehensively discussed. Similarly, the solar powered tubewells, tractors, and lights, etc. are few important examples of indirect use of solar energy and have also been discussed in this chapter. The indirect use is made possible by converting solar energy into electrical energy with the help of photovoltaic devices, called “solar cells”. Also radio frequency (RF)-controlled seed sowing and spreading machines are discussed, which provide an eco-friendly method. Moreover, comprehensive discussion is made on solar based technologies in general as well regional context in view of their potential to scale-up and to address anticipated issues. The use of photovoltaics in agriculture is expected to be significant contribution in the near future that require urgent planning for the potential benefits and efficient use at the farm level. Therefore, the co-existence of “agrovoltaics” will be essential for the developments of agriculture and agroindustry.
A Nonlinear Fuzzy Controller Design Using Lyapunov Functions for an Intelligent Greenhouse Management in Agriculture
Authors: Adewale Ajao Lukman , Adewale Adedokun Emmanuel , Ebosetale Okhaifoh Joseph , Bello Salau Habib
Published: June 2021

The importance of agronomists in large-scale production of food crops under considerate environmental weather conditions cannot be overemphasized. However, emerging global warming is a threat to food security due to its effect on soil depletion and ecosystem degradation. In this work, the design of the proposed intelligent context is to observe, model and simulate greenhouse control system activity towards the management of the farm crop growth as the affected salient environmental parameters. Characteristically, temperature and humidity are the major factors that determine the crop yield in a greenhouse but the case of a dry air environment or beyond 300C−350C of high air humidity will affect crop growth and productivity. A Mamdani technique of fuzzy logic controller with non-linear consequent is used for intelligent greenhouse design in the LABVIEW virtual environment. This approach is used to mimic the human thought process in the system control by setting some logical rules that guide the greenhouse functions. For the system stabilization achievement, a direct method of Lyapunov functions was proposed. The simulation model result shows that, the average temperature of 18.50C and humidity 65% is achieved for a decent environment of crop growth and development during winter. However, the average temperature and humidity achieved during summer is 27.50C&70% respectively. For every season that is beyond 30.50Cand75% of temperature and humidity will require automation of roof opening and water spilled.
Islet Inflammation: The Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mukhuty Alpana
Published: June 2021

The role of islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is complex. About 80% of pancreatic cancer patients have glucose intolerance or T2D. Chronic type 2 diabetes increases risk for pancreatic cancer, but the mechanisms are unknown. In this context two hypotheses exist: (i) pancreatic cancer causes diabetes and (ii) diabetes promotes the development of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common and deadly form of pancreatic cancer that is associated with diabetes. There are many possibilities by which obesity links to pancreatic cancer. These possibilities include insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation. Adipose tissue deposition near pancreas (peri-pancreatic depot) increase proinflammatory response to a high fat or high calorie containing diet. Inflammatory processes in the islets act as main mediators during the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Recently, studies have been carried out to investigate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumorigenesis induced by inflammation. Tumor-elicited inflammation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and migration of immune cells play the key roles in initiation, promotion and progression of malignant metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Initiation and progression of islet inflammation in diabetes and pancreatic cancer occurs as a result of various protein–protein interactions and genetic events. The increase in pancreatic cancer cases may be attributed to the obesity endemic and obesity mediated Type 2 diabetes. The existence of link between islet inflammation in chronic diabetes and pancreatic cancer cannot be ignored, although the details about the underlying mechanisms are not clear, and must be studied in detail.
A Comparative Study of Valsalva Maneuver, Lidocaine, and Valsalva Maneuvers with Administration of Lidocaine to Reduce the Pain Associated with Administration of Etomidate During General Anesthesia
Authors: Nazemroaya Behzad , Aghadavodi Omid , Honarmand Azim , Ahmadian Sarina
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is a comparison of Valsalva, lidocaine, and Valsalva with administration of lidocaine to reduce the pain associated with administration of etomidate. Methods: The present study is a clinical trial study. The number of samples in each group was 30 and a total of 90 people were selected. This study was a clinical trial and the subjects were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1: Valsalva, 2: Lidocaine, 3: Valsalva and Lidocaine. Pain due to etomidate was rated on a VAS from 1 (painless) to 3 (worst imaginable pain) and their information was recorded. The collected information was entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 90 subjects participated in the present study and were divided into 3 groups: Valsalva, lidocaine, and Valsalva with lidocaine. No significant difference was observed between demographic variables in the study groups. There was a significant relationship between severity of pain in the three groups. According to the results, the highest pain intensity was in the Valsalva group and the lowest pain intensity was in the Valsalva with lidocaine group. Conclusions: Valsalva with lidocaine reduces the severity of pain caused by etomidate to a greater extent than other groups.
Drugs-as-a-Disease
Authors: Weimer Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This essay examines President Nixon's drug policy during the early 1970s, specifically the government's reaction to heroin use by American soldiers in Vietnam. The official response, discursively (through the employment of the drugs-as-a-disease metaphor) and on the policy level illustrated how of issues of national- and self-identity othering, and modernity intersected in the formulation and implementation of what is now termed the Drug War. Heroin using soldiers and domestic addicts, labeled as carriers of a contagious, foreign, and antimodem, dangerous disease, threatened to undermine a contingent national identity an identity weighted by capitalist modernity. Unearthing how addiction's ostensibly antimodern condition contributed to the othering of addicts as a foreign danger reveals how the United States' antidrug character and policies help maintain a national identity bound to the tenets of capitalist modernity. Methodologically, this essay combines historical analysis with literary and critical theory.
Primordial Realism
Authors: Schellenberg J. L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Here I show how thinking of inquiry as immature can illuminate problems about metaphysical and scientific realism. I begin with the question whether human beings at the very beginning of systematic inquiry who (counterfactually) held themselves to be thus situated, temporally speaking, and came to recognize their inability to prove or probabilify the truth of metaphysical realism would have been justified in believing or accepting metaphysical realism even so. Drawing on broadly Wittgensteinian ideas I defend an affirmative answer. Then I extrapolate from this result, arguing by analogy that acceptance of both metaphysical realism and scientific realism is justified for us today.
Countering Servility through Pride and Humility
Authors: Battaly Heather ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

This article argues that an interlocutor’s deference and open-mindedness can indicate servility rather than virtuous humility. Section 1 evaluates an influential philosophical analysis of the virtue of humility and two psychological measures, all of which emphasize the contrast between humility and arrogance. Section 2 develops a philosophical analysis of servility, building on the limitations-owning view. It argues that servility is an unwillingness or inability to be attentive to and own one’s strengths, and a disposition to be overly attentive to and over-own one’s limitations. Section 3 sketches a picture of servility in political discourse, suggesting that we can expect servility to be positively correlated with deferring to others, open-mindedness, and belief-revision, and negatively correlated with anger. Section 4 sketches a picture of countering servility in political discourse through the virtues of pride and humility. By comparison with servility, we can expect virtuously proud and virtuously humble people to exhibit higher correlations with refusals to defer, to be open, to engage, and to revise beliefs. It points us toward psychological measures that aim to distinguish the virtue of humility from the vice of servility.
Amerikan Aristocracy
Authors: Anderson Patrick D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2021

Leftist political theory remains trapped between two dominant conceptions of sovereignty: the liberal conception of popular sovereignty and the decisionist conception of sovereignty as the power to declare a state of exception. This essay offers a historical critique of the liberal and decisionist conceptions of sovereignty and develops a descriptive theory of aristocratic sovereignty, which is more suited to the history and the needs of radical political theory and praxis. By tracing the genealogy of sovereignty through early modern European political thought to the founding of the United States, this essay reveals the debilitating shortcoming of notions of sovereignty derived from both Carl Schmitt and the liberal tradition and provides a basis for a distinctively radical analysis of the sovereign aristocracy in Amerika.
Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species
Authors: Ha Tuyet Ngan , Tran Anh Duc
Published: June 2021

The taxonomy of Micronectidae in Vietnam is reviewed. Based on our cumulative collections during 2001–2020, 11 new species of Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897 are documented and described in this study: M. acuminata sp. nov., M. arcuata sp. nov., M. caperata sp. nov., M. clavata sp. nov., M. cultellata sp. nov., M. fulvopicta sp. nov., M. nieseri sp. nov., M. pingae sp. nov., M. sinuata sp. nov., M. undulata sp. nov., and M. vietnamica sp. nov. Nine species are recorded from Vietnam for the first time: M. decorata Lundblad, 1933, M. drepani Nieser, 2000, M. erythra Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005, M. fugitans Breddin, 1905, M. johorensis Fernando, 1964, M. melanochroa Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005, M. ornitheia Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005, M. sahlbergi (Jakovlev, 1881), and M. tuwanoni Nieser, Chen, Leksawasdi, Thanyakam & Duangsupa, 2004. Thus, in this study, two genera and 37 species of Micronectidae are now reported from Vietnam: Synaptonecta Lundblad, 1933 with only one species, S. issa (Distant, 1910), and Micronecta with 36 species. A key to all species occurring in Vietnam, subgeneric diagnoses, and a key to all current subgenera of Micronecta are provided.
Om Ivan Illichs Medical Nemesis
Authors: Bencard Adam
Published: June 2021

Anmeldelse af:

Ivan Illich

Grænser for læge­viden­skaben – lægevæsenets nemesis: Undergravningen af sundheden

København: Gyldendal, 1977
Increased vulnerability of family farming in the context of a weakened FNS agenda due to austerity measures in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Costa Carlos Germano
Published: June 2021

SDG goals of ending poverty and achieving Zero Hunger must address the nexus of a transformational shift in the Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) Agenda, integrating more sustainable food systems, territorial development, sustainable infrastructure, fiscal and economic elements to robust social protection schemes. By considering Family Farming government expenditure budget, the slowing and stalled economic growth, and political and fiscal policy developments. We discuss Brazil's high-level government budgetary interventions, the governance and institutional contexts affecting food security as indicators of how aggressive budgetary and institutional measures have negatively impacted the nation's social protection policy environment, resilience, and sustainable development perspectives.
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DEVELOPING CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PERSONALITY
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Pererva O.Yu. , Saidal N.S. ,   T.A. Dokshitser children’s music school, Nagibina N.P. ,   Perm State Institute of Culture
Published: June 2021

The relevance of the problem of the development of students' creative abilities is revealed, psychological and pedagogical approaches to the formation of the creative abilities of an individual are determined; the models of the development of creative abilities are characterized, the most effective methods and means that contribute to the development of the studied personality traits are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the motivation of the student's creative activity. Among the conditions for the successful formation of creative abilities is the competence of teachers in managing the creative growth of an individual, taking into account the nature of his individuality.