bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Green Energy-Saving Materials in Exhibition Design
Authors: Qin Hui Min , Zhang Li
Published: October 2012

Exhibition design is involved in construction, visual communication, interior and many other categories, a new subject that has been formed these years, its purpose is to create a unique atmosphere of the space, and communicate information to the audience, produce conscious or potential effects. Therefore, the exhibit must be designed to meet the requirements of the times to be able to achieve their goals. Exhibition design has been vigorously development in recent years；however, there have been many issues such as environmental pollution and waste of resources. Based on the concept of energy saving design, discusses the development status of the exhibition design, analyze the problems and causes, and combined with the case of Shanghai World Expo, and put forward green energy-saving materials in the exhibition design methods and design principles.
The Study of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) Synthesis by Acetone in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Liu Xue Peng
Published: October 2012

The cata1yst for the reaction was obtained. The high activity, long-life span, stability and application for industry Pd/Al2O3in chemical engineering was issued. The inf1uence of reaction temperature, pressure, air velocity and ratio of reactant for the yield and selection was discussed, and then the optimum condition was determined
Preparative Separation of Xanthophylls from Corn Gluten Meal by Macoroporous Adsorption Resins in Biochemical Engineering
Authors: Huang Mei , Jiang Ling Zhi , Wei Yan Fei
Published: October 2012

To purify xanthophylls from corn gluten meal by macoroporous resins, the static adsorption performance and dynamic separation characteristics of different resins have been evaluated. And SD300 resin offers the best adsorption capacity for xanthophylls than the other resins as HZ816, S8, AB8 and D630. Based on sorption isotherms of SD300, the Freundlich equation was found to fit the experimental data more adequately. Then packed bed column with SD300 resin was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the separation process of xanthophylls. Parameters for adsorption were sample solution xanthophylls concentration 128.9μg/ml, processing volume 11 BV, flow rate 1.0 BV/h, temperature 25°C. After being treated with ethyl acetate, the xanthophylls content in the product was increased to 6.1%, with a recovery yield of 74.0%.
Fatigue Life Prediction of Buckling String with Cracks in Horizontal Wells of Mining Engineering
Authors: Wang Peng , Yan Tie , Bi Xue Liang , Sun Shi Hui
Published: October 2012

Fatigue damage in the rotating drill pipe in the horizontal well of mining engineering is usually resulted from cyclic bending stresses caused by the rotation of the pipe especially when it is passing through curved sections or horizontal sections. This paper studies fatigue life prediction method of rotating drill pipe which is considering initial crack in horizontal well of mining engineering. Forman fatigue life prediction model which considering stress ratio is used to predict drill string fatigue life and the corresponding software has been written. The program can be used to calculate the stress of down hole assembly, can predict stress and alternating load in the process of rotating-on bottom. Therefore, establishing buckling string fatigue life prediction model with cracks can be a good reference to both operation and monitor of the drill pipe for mining engineering.
Development and Research on Multi-Functional Sucker-Rod Pump Lifting Simulation Experiment System in Oil Mining Engineering
Authors: Zhou He
Published: October 2012

In oil mining engineering, oil production technology becomes more and more complicated while the oilfield production steps into the middle-later development time, meanwhile, its matching lifting technology becomes more and more complicated and diversified. So the demand of intermediate experiment for lifting technology in petroleum industry becomes more and more obvious. It is necessary to develop a sucker-rod pump lifting simulation experiment system in the lab which can simulate practical work. The developed system can provide reliable experiment data for evaluating sucker-rod pump technical properties and developing new sucker-rod pump. It is benefit to innovate and promote the development of sucker-rod pump lifting technology
Investigation of High Pressure Water Jet with Hydraulic Reaming Drainage Radius for Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Zhang Yong Jiang , Meng Xian Zheng , Cao Jian Jun
Published: October 2012

Test mine is a large modern mine, the 13-1 coal-seam original permeability coefficient was low, gas pressure and content were higher, coal seam outburst danger of serious, directly extracting coal gas is difficult. Using a new type of high pressure water jet reaming technology, can achieve the expansion of borehole diameter, increase coal seam exposed area and pressure relief range, thereby improving the coal seam permeability, increased coal seam drainage radius. Investigated on the basis of determination of the original coal seam gas pressure and content of the coal extraction radius after the hydraulic reaming. Provide the basis for the seam of the test area borehole design
The Study of Numerical Simulation about Roadway Bolting and Reinforcement to Jointed Rock Mass
Authors: Kang Zhi Qiang , Yan Shu Hui , Yan Qiu
Published: October 2012

Through the mechanical derivation on bolt grouting reinforcement shearing resistance strength of the joint surface, shows that bolt grouting reinforcement focus strengths on the anchor bolt and grouting, and it enhances and elaborates self-supporting ability of rock. Combined with the numerical simulation analysis using the Flac3D software during the jointing soft rock roadway with no supports and protections and bolt grouting reinforcement, we can see that bolt grouting reinforcement has a significant role on improving jointing soft rock roadway force status and limiting roadway rock deformation. Therefore bolt grouting reinforcement is a worthy technology to popularize.
Effect of Pore Pressure Variation on Borehole Stability of Drilling in Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Li Yu Wei , Liu Jia , Hu Chao Yang , Li Shuang , Liu Yu
Published: October 2012

Considering pore pressure variation of sidewall rock, which is caused by drilling fluid filtering, the porosity variation model of sidewall rock in sandstone reservoir and effective stress factor variation model are established, and according to relationship between pore pressure and total volume strain of sandstone, the calculation model of safe window of drilling fluid density on sandstone reservoir, with which considered variation of porosity and effective stress factor are finally established. Applying the calculation of this model shows that: with increased function of drilling fluid filtering, which is as increased as pore pressure of sidewall rock, caving pressure that ensures well hole stability is increased, fracturing pressure is decreased, safe window of drilling fluid is narrowing, and that is against of safety drilling.
Study on CO2 Emission Constraint Based on New Energy Materials for Generation Permits Trade
Authors: He Nan , Tan Zhong Fu , Wang Shu Xiang , Hou Yang
Published: October 2012

Generation permits trade plays a key role in the economic generation dispatch. The application of new energy materials has a positive influence on the generation fuel mix, which offers cleaner power option for generation permits trade. An optimization model on generation permits trade is established to promote the development of renewable energy and the lowest generation cost of a certain unit commitment. Power demand, ramp-up limit, real power of a unit, new energy materials, and a certain emission limit are applied as the constraints of the model. The process of generation permits trade is a cooperative game. An optimized profit allocation model is also established using Shapley value to effectively allocate the profits among the units participating in the generation permits trade.
Magnetic Properties and Glass Forming Ability of Fe-B-Y-Nb-Zr Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Wang San Xin , Wu Ze Yu
Published: October 2012

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) alloys (Fe71.2B24Y4.8)96Nb4-xZrx (x = 1-4 at.%) with a maximum diameter of 5 mm were synthesized with low purity materials by copper mold casting technique. The effect of Zr substitution for Nb on the structure, thermal stability and the magnetic properties has been studied. It was found that the substitution of an appropriate amount of Zr for Nb can improve the glass forming ability. The wide supercooled liquid region ∆Tx (exceeding 123 K) and a high Tg (exceeding 868 K) demonstrated a high thermal stability of the present Fe-based BMGs. In addition, these BMGs also exhibit good soft magnetic properties with relatively high saturation magnetization of 88 emu/g, and low coercivity of 20 Oe.
Environmental Performance of Fluorite Used to Catalyze MgO Reduction in Pidgeon Process
Authors: Han Feng Lan , Yang Qi Xing , Wu Lan Er , Guo Sheng Wei , Jiang Yong
Published: October 2012

Environmental performances of fluorite used as catalyzer for chemical reaction between MgO and Si were investigated by performing pilot scale experiments of Mg production. F amounts of 0.012-0.116 kg were added in the charged briquettes and Mg slag generated from the chemical reaction in most of the tests weighted 4.26-4.96 kg with F contents ranging 0.21-2.52%. Based on high recoveries of F, 83-100%, in the slag after the reaction, it is estimated that there are little or no F compounds leaving the retorts during the pilot tests. However, high amount of F, 72.9 mg/kg, was leached out from an Mg slag sample obtained from an Mg plant, making it necessary to decrease amount of fluorite used as catalyzer for the reaction or to improve operation conditions, thus, enhancing rate for chemical reaction between MgO and Si in Pidgeon process.
An Analysis on Energy-Saving Generation Dispatch Considering Carbon Emission Limitation and the Development of New Energy Materials
Authors: He Nan , Tan Zhong Fu , An Jian Qiang
Published: October 2012

The development of new energy materials offers a solid foundation for the expansion of renewable and other clean energy such as onshore/offshore wind energy, solar energy, biomass and nuclear energy. With the rapid growth of the installed capacity of these clean energy types, it is urgent to further improve the generation dispatch mode to guarantee the grid connection. An energy-saving generation dispatch model is established to find out the optimal unit commitment of thermal power and other clean power, with a consideration of carbon emission limitation.
Extraction of Phytosterols from Jatropha Seed Oil by the Saponification and Acid Hydrolysis Method in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Liu Shu Yu , Lu Hua , Guo Xin , Sun Li Jie , Ge Shu Yu
Published: October 2012

In this paper by means of orthogonal array design, the effect of sulphuric acid, time, temperature on the extraction rate of phytosterols was discussed with chemical technology. The optimal parameters for extracting phytosterols of Jatropha oil were as follows: 25g Jatropha oil with 0.25mL sulphuric acid by the 3.5h extraction at 55°C. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of phytosterols was up to 199mg/10g.
The Study of Dimethyl Maleate CP Synthesis by Strong Acid Cation Type in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Liu Xue Peng
Published: October 2012

The catalytic distillation synthesis of Dimethyl maleate CP by methanol and maleic acid is studied under the application of strong acid cation type catalyst in chemical engineering.. The sulfonic resin catalyst is chosen. The reaction of methanol and maleic acid is single one, while that of mono-methyl fumarate chloride and methanol is the reversible reaction balance. The pilot of catalytic distillation synthesis of Dimethyl maleate CP is issued. The best condition for synthesis is proposed
Finite Element Analysis of Energy Saving Jointing Method Base on Energy Materials: Clinching
Authors: Zheng Jun Chao , He Xiao Cong , Xu Jing Nan , Zeng Kai , Ding Yan Fang , Hu Yue Bo
Published: October 2012

The clinch joining technique can be used to join energy saving materials based on a cost effective, environmentally friendly process. In this paper, the mechanical joining method by clinching with segmented die is analyzed utilizing a finite element method. A comparison is conducted about the principle of forming process and the metal flowing direction for two different types of die, drawing conclusions that a better interlocking length can be obtained using segmented die. Analyzing the quality parameter of the clinching results, finds the reason why the segmented die can get a better neck thickness and undercut. Meanwhile, the results of clinching with segmented die also show a good agreement with experimental results.
Sensitive and Selective Determination of Aminophenol Isomers in Chromogenic Reaction by Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Fei Fei , Wang Zong Hua , Liu Zheng Xiao , Xia Jian Fei , Xia Yan Zhi , Li Yan Hui
Published: October 2012

A novel application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the field of chromogenic reactions for recognizing aminophenol isomers was described. Among the three of aminophenol isomers, only p-aminophenol could form the chromogenic system. Comparative experiments proved that the absorption of the complex increased by 23.9% in the presence of CNTs due to the presence of the intact conjugated system. A selective determination of p-aminophenol was obtained
Analysis of Portland Cement Hydration Mechanism and its Material Applications in Engineering
Authors: Huang Hong Liang , Zhang Hui Fang , Zhao Fei , Li Xue Fei , Li Yan Fang
Published: October 2012

On the basis to clarify the Portland cement hydration mechanism, we have a brief analysis of research methods about Portland cement hydration mechanism, mainly including the hydration heat, ultrasonic method, resistivity method, mercury intrusion method, chemical combine method, CH quantitative measurement, X-ray diffraction method, scanning electron microscopy, providing a theoretical basis of Portland cement hydration mechanism and its material applications in engineering for further study and improvement.
The Mechanism Research on the Refractory Material Corrosion in Material Engineering and its Applications
Authors: Zhao Ding Guo , Wang Shu Huan , Cui Xiao Jie , Guo Jian Long
Published: October 2012

The mechanism of refractory material corrosion was analyzed. The laboratory amorphous alloy smelting of the mother prefabricated crucible, reaction process is basically to crucible refractory material of blast furnace slag corrosion, melt corrosion is small. Generally smelting amorphous mother alloy was a difficult thing, and it shown that the basicity was better around 1.0. Compared with quartz refractory, it is good to choose the silicon carbide refractory materials, while smelting amorphous alloy.
Performance of Concrete at Sustained High Temperature in Material Applications
Authors: Quan Hong Zhu
Published: October 2012

The effects of sustained high temperature on concrete properties are discussed in this paper. In this experiment, concrete with 6 types of cement were tested after high temperature exposure. Although, test procedures were the same as past literature, test results showed different tendency. The temperature of 50°C at which compressive strength was minimal were found for concrete with high-early strength and medium-heat portland cement, which concrete with other cements showed no change up to 110°C. Relationship between weight loss and compressive strength differed from past literature.
Implementation of Camouflage Tent Cloth Materials and Camouflage Effect Evaluation
Authors: Yu Jun , Hu Zhi Yi
Published: October 2012

To aim at the problems of tent cloth materials, such as camouflage performance and simulation effect of camouflage pattern, this paper studies green inorganic pigments, synthesis of acrylic acid emulsion and preparation of four-color camouflage coatings. Through extracting the features of woodland background, a digital camouflage pattern is achieved. The four-color coatings are used to print the designed digital disruptive pattern on the tent cloth. Finally, the tent made of the tent cloth is applied to the woodland background. The test result demonstrates that, the spectral reflectance of forest green and medium green coatings on the tent cloth is closed to actual green plants. The printed digital camouflage pattern is better at blending with the background.
Study on Preparation and Evaluation of Micro Zirconia Particles Used in Drilling Fluid
Authors: Cao Xiao Chun , Li Yan Yu , Yang Dong Liang , Ke Kun
Published: October 2012

This article explains how to prepare zirconia (ZrO2) mico particles and demonstrates how to evaluate the performance of drilling fluids containing ZrO2. Sheet ZrO2micro articles were prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and were observed using particle image equipment. The performances of drilling fluids before and after various doses of ZrO2added were compared. The result shows that sheet ZrO2micro particles can adjust the rheological properties of drilling fluid.
Basic Performance Research of Polymer Intercalation Clay
Authors: Cao Xiao Chun , Qin Yi , Zhao Yan Na , Ke Kun
Published: October 2012

Using the preliminary research of the polymer properties, the different between the physical and chemical properties of new polymer-clays nanometer composites and clay have been studied. Different polymers are used to evaluate experiment. Based on a large number of lab experiments, the changes of rheological property and API filtration property of polymer-clay drilling fluids nanometer composites are studied. The results show that clay particles could become smaller and the composites drilling fluid have the role of controlling loss and enhancing cake quality. The prepared composites could be used to solve the technical problems in drilling fluid.
Influence of Heat Treatment Processing on the Magnetic Properties of Fe-3.5Si Soft Magnetic Composites in Material Application
Authors: Peng Yuan Dong , Sun Zhi Yue , Nie Jun Wu , Zhang Wen Jun , Mao Zeng Guang , Ruan Jian Ming
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment processing on magnetic properties of Fe-3.5Si soft magnetic composite has been investigated. The thermal treatment improved the magnetic properties of Fe-3.5Si SMC materials. With the treatment temperature increasing, the permeability and eddy loss of the composites increase and the core loss and hysteresis loss decrease. The magnetic properties would be deteriorated at too high temperature. Annealed temperature at 750°C for 60min, the Fe-3.5Si soft magnetic composite has the optimum overall magnetic properties.
Study on Reproduction of Ink Color with Paper Performance Based on Energy Saving and Special Material Properties
Authors: Chen Wen Ge
Published: October 2012

Printing quality mainly depends on reproduction of the color and level, paper and ink influence the reproduction of color and level. In this paper, it is mainly through measuring the paper smoothness, whiteness, opacity, glossiness etc. parameters, using print press printed sample of different paper, Measuring density of color piece, calculate the grayscale, color deviation and color efficiency, and draw color wheel figure, thus obtaining conclusion that special material paper performance influence color reproduction and energy saving or material saving
Study of EV Composite Power Supply for Energy Saving
Authors: Qu Jin Yu , Wang Ru , Zhou Ying Chao
Published: October 2012

Composite power supply technology is an efficient way to solve the energy performance problem of EV, it makes battery with high energy density and super capacitor which has the advantage of high power combined with together. Using the super capacitor characteristics of instantaneous large current charge and discharge, when EV in starting, accelerating or climbing, provide the actuating motor for peak current; and when in braking, absorb the generator feedback current, so as to avoid the battery are damaged, prolong its service life, and realizes the braking energy efficient recovery. In this paper according to the characteristics of battery, super capacitor, and bidirectional DC/DC converter, use backward simulation model of electric vehicle to perform drive cycle. The results show that, the work efficiency of battery is enhanced by using the super capacitor, and to make the composite power supply obtain a higher braking energy recycling efficiency.
A Study on the Structural Change of Land Use for Energy Saving in Xinchang County with Application of Ecological Materials Based on Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient
Authors: Tong Ju Er , Wu Ci Fang , Wang Hui , Zhu Chuan Bing
Published: October 2012

This study conducted the quantitative analysis on the structure change of land use in Xinchang County using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. The results revealed the characteristics and evolution of the county's land use structure change and suggested that the county increase the distribution rate of woodland and other ecological applications for a carbon source reduced, energy saving and ecology-conducive environment.
Cinder Supported CaO/KF Catalyst Material and its Application in Continuous Biodiesel Production
Authors: Shao Yong , Liu Hui , Wan Liang
Published: October 2012

This study aimed to apply cinder supported CaO/KF particle catalyst in heterogeneous transesterification of soybean oil. In this system, a specially designed column reactor was used for the reaction. Eighty grams of catalyst were loaded and reaction temperature were set at 65°C. The effects of material flow rate and molar ratio of methanol to oil were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that at different conditions, the triglyceride (TG) conversion turning points kept around 82%. When flow rate was 3mL min-1, the maximum amount of biodiesel could be produced. Larger amount of biodiesel could be produced at lower methanol/oil molar ratio, but higher TG conversions were achieved at higher methanol/oil molar ratio. The leakage of K2O from the surface of catalyst was the main reason for the catalyst deactivity, the regular crystal forms of the catalyst material were changed after usage.
Research of High Dielectric Constant of Polymer Matrix Composites and its Application for Energy Saving
Authors: Zhou Xian , Cheng Guo Chun , He Yan , Xiong Wang Ping
Published: October 2012

First main problem of the high dielectric polymer matrix composites, and discusses the research advances of ferroelectric ceramics, conductive particles (metal particles, graphite, carbon nanotube) modified high dielectric electric composite materials; highlights phthalocyanine, polyaniline modified organic high dielectric composites, discusses the main problems, and pointed out that to improve the dielectric constant, energy density, reduce the dielectric loss, and reduce the preparation cost is the future direction of development.
Study on Energy Saving by Means and Potentiality of Hybrid Wheel Loader with Energy Materials
Authors: Zou Nai Wei , Zhang Er Ping , Wei Yu Ting , Yu Xiu Min , Dai Qun Liang
Published: October 2012

Based on the characteristics of high fluctuation and periodicity of output power during working process of wheel loader, hybrid drive technology can provide a solution for fuel saving and fuel reduction of wheel loader through power adjustment function and energy recycle feature. Aiming at power output motion of wheel loader duty cycle, 7 means for hybrid wheel loader to save fuel have been proposed; contribution to save fuel and easiness to realize the goal under current technical conditions of each means has also been assessed. It is considered that there are two categories of wheel loader energy saving technology: one is to increase fuel utilization rate, and the other is improve transmission efficiency of torque converter. However, realizing one of these two aspects can not save fuel ideally; improvement in both aspects will bring satisfactory energy materials saving effects.
Effect of Tool Geometry on Strength of Friction Stir Spot Welded Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lin Yuan Ching , Liu Ju Jen , Lin Ben Yuan
Published: October 2012

The effects of tool geometry on the microstructure and tensile shear strength of friction stir spot-welded A6061-T6 Al alloy sheets were investigated in the present study. Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was carried out at a tool speed of 2500 rpm, plunging rate of 1 mm/s, and dwell time of 3 s. Four types of tools with the same shoulder shape and size, but different pin profiles (threaded cylindrical, smooth cylindrical, threaded triangular, and smooth triangular) were used to carry out FSSW. The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the FSSW specimens were characterized to evaluate the performance of the different tools. Experimental results show that the pin profile significantly alters the hook geometry, which in turn affects the tensile shear strength of the friction stir spot welds. The welds made using the conventional thread cylindrical tool have the largest elongation and yield the highest tensile strength (4.78 kN). The welds made using the smooth cylindrical tool have the lowest tensile strength. The welds made using the threaded triangular and smooth triangular tools both have a tensile-shear load of about 4 KN; however, the welds made using the threaded triangular tool have a better elongation than those made using the smooth triangular tool.
Effects of Sputtering Power on Optical and Electrical Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Film on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Hsieh Po Tsung , Li Tse Chang , Chung Chung Jen , Peng Hsin Shu , Lin Jen Fin
Published: October 2012

AZO thin films were deposited using a magnetron sputtering system with an AZO target (with 3wt% Al2O3) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates with pre-strain. The effect of sputtering power on the optical and electrical properties of AZO films was investigated. For samples deposited on pre-strained PET substrates, X-ray diffraction was used to determine the c-axis orientation of AZO films deposited at 60, 80, and 100 W. Results show that resistivity decreased with increasing sputtering power, which might result from the better crystalline structure and fewer grain boundaries obtained at high power. The transmittance increased when the power was increased from 60 to 100 W. The absorption edge thus decreased for AZO film deposited at 100 W.
Abrasive Distribution of the Fixed Diamond Wire in Wire Sawing Process
Authors: Chung Chun Hui
Published: October 2012

Fixed diamond wire saw has the advantages such as higher cutting rate and clearer operating environment over the slurry wire saw in wafering. However, the higher cost and poor sliced wafer surface are still the obstacles for the diamond wire saw to totally replace slurry wire saw. In this study, the distribution of diamond grits on the wire was investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that there is a critical value of the abrasive interval to transfer the machining mechanism from plastic plowing to brittle indentation cracking for the material removal. The value depends on both the wire tension and bow angle during the operation.
Abrasive Water Jet Polishing on Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Loc Pham Huu , Shiou Fang Jung
Published: October 2012

This study investigates the optimal abrasive water jet polishing parameters for Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) material by using the Taguchi method. An abrasive water jet polishing (AWJP) system is newly designed and mounted on a machining center. In order to determine the optimal polishing parameters for the Zr-based BMG sample, six polishing parameters, namely the hydraulic pressure, the impact angle, the standoff distance, the abrasive material, the abrasive concentration, and the polishing time, are chosen as the control factors of experiments. The optimal AWJP parameters are determined after carrying out the experiments based on the Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array experimental results. These optimal parameters are the combination of the hydraulic pressure of 2 kg/cm2, the impact angle of 30o, the standoff distance of 15 mm, the abrasive material of SiC, the abrasive concentration of 1:5, and the polishing time of 60 minutes. The surface roughness is improved from an initial value of Ra = 0.675μm to a final value of Ra = 0.016μm by using the AWJP optimal parameters.
Optical Image Inspection of Cutting Tool Geometry for Grinding Machines
Authors: Chen Jenn Yih , Chang Wen Yang , Lee Bean Yin , Lin Chi Shiun
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool image inspection and measuring system by C++ Builder. Firstly, tool images are captured online for geometry analysis via a disassembled inspection mechanism mounted on the Z-axis of a five-axis tool grinding machine. One can use the controller of the machine to set the coordinate location of the mechanism and implement the humanized functions of autofocusing and automatic measurements. The digital images are calculated by the subpixel approach to improve the measurement resolution, and filtered the edge point location by Hough transform to upgrade the precision. The human machine interface (HMI) has a tutoring manner for users to operate the measuring procedures. These proposed functions can measure the geometric dimension such as the diameter, radius, and angle of different end mills or drills after finishing the tool grinding processes. Furthermore, the grinding processes can refer the online measured results to compensate the tool dimension. Therefore, this online image inspection and measuring system can improve the precision of tool grinding, product quality, and reduce the product cost. Finally, experiments are presented to show that the repeatability errors are ± 2 μm and ± 1 μm for the diameter and the radius measurements of end mills, respectively. The percentage error is 0.116％ for measuring the point angle of a drill. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that can be employed to measure tool geometry of different cutting tools.
Precision Measurement Using Template Matching for Laser Speckle Patterns from Different Materials
Authors: Liao Chih Ming , Huang Ping Sheng , Chiang Ting Wei , Chen Chun Hao , Hwang Yi Yuh
Published: October 2012

The accuracy of precision measurement is an essential requirement for precision positioning. This paper presents a new precision measurement method by combining the uniqueness analysis of laser speckle patterns (LSPs) and the template matching algorithm. In this paper, an invariant speckle capturing device and template matching criteria are developed. Experimental results have shown that LSPs can demonstrate different unique and invariant properties even though they are captured from the same material but different samples. Also, accurate direction and displacement information of moving LSPs can be obtained in real-time. Therefore, this merit can provide the potential of speckle pattern analysis for applications of precision positioning in the future.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Cleaning Process for LAO Wafers Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Yang Ming Fu , Huang Min Lin , Tsai Ming Jong
Published: October 2012

The light emitting diode (LED) development technology is an important topic for green industry. This study focused on the efficient cleaning for LAO hydrolysis material, which is a potential LED substrate. The 99.5% ethanol or an alternative solution is used to clean the LAO substrate and dry with the help of anhydrous gas. To improve the cleaning performance, the Taguchi-based orthogonal array of experimental planning and the Grey Relation Analysis are employed to optimize the cleaning parameters. Four control factors are cleaning time, soaking time, PVA sponge type, drying method. The multiple performance characteristics of responses include the residual traces of impurities and water mark after the cleaning process for LAO substrate. With the proposed cleaning process, the surface foreign matter removal rate of target 80% and the residual water marks of declining to 20% are achieved.
Contouring Performance Improvement of Biaxial Motion Control Systems Using Friction and Disturbance Compensation
Authors: Su Ke Han , Cheng Ming Yang , Chang Yu Chen
Published: October 2012

One of the key issues regarding multi-axis contour following tasks in modern high-precision machining applications is how to effectively reduce contour error. Generally, among existing approaches, the Cross-Coupled Control (CCC) structure is widely used in multi-axis contour following tasks to improve contouring accuracy. However, when a servomechanism is operated in reverse or low-speed motions, the inherent friction force and external disturbance effects will degrade the CCC performance. Therefore, to cope with the aforementioned problems, this paper exploits the Karnopp friction model-based compensator and the Virtual Plant Disturbance Compensator (VPDC) to improve tracking performance as well as contouring accuracy. Moreover, an integrated motion control scheme is also developed to further improve contouring performance. The proposed scheme consists of two position loop controllers with velocity command feedforward, a modified CCC, two friction force compensators, and two disturbance compensators. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, several free-form contour following experiments have been conducted on an X-Y table driven by two linear motors. Experimental results verify that the proposed approach can significantly enhance contouring performance for free-form contour following tasks.
Probe Position Planning for Measuring Cylindrical Gears on a Four-Axis CNC Machine
Authors: Lee Yi Hui , Lin Shih Syun , Shih Yi Pei
Published: October 2012

During large-size gear manufacturing by form grinding, the actual tooth surfaces will differ from the theoretical tooth surface because of errors in the clamping fixture and machine axes and machining deflection. Therefore, to improve gear precision, the gear tooth deviations should be measured first and the flank correction implemented based on these deviations. To address the difficulty in large-size gear transit, we develop an on-machine scanning measurement for cylindrical gears on the five-axis CNC gear profile grinding machine that can measure the gear tooth deviations on the machine immediately after grinding, but only four axes are needed for the measurement. Our results can serve as a foundation for follow-up research on closed-loop flank correction technology. This measuring process, which is based on the AGMA standards, includes the (1) profile deviation, (2) helix deviation, (3) pitch deviation, and (4) flank topographic deviation. The mathematical models for measuring probe positioning are derived using the base circle method. We also calculate measuring positions that can serve as a basis for programming the NC codes of the measuring process. Finally, instead of the gear profile grinding machine, we used the six-axis CNC hypoid gear cutting machine for measuring experiments to verify the proposed mathematical models, and the experimental result was compared with Klingelnberg P40 gear measuring center.
Enhancement of through Silicon via Sidewall Quality by Nanosecond Laser Pulses with Chemical Etching Process
Authors: Tang Chao Wei , Tseng Shih Chieh , Young Hong Tsu , Li Kuan Ming , Yang Mike , Liao Hsueh Chuan
Published: October 2012

Through-silicon via (TSV) is an emerging technology for three-dimensional integrated circuit, system in package, and wafer level packaging applications. In this study, a wet chemical etching (WCE) process has been employed to enhance the sidewall quality of TSVs fabricated using nanosecond (ns) laser pulses. Experimental results show that the TSV sidewall roughness can be markedly reduced, from micrometer scale to nanometer scale. We concluded that the proposed method would enable semiconductor manufactures to use ns laser drilling for industrial TSV fabrication as the desired TSV sidewall quality can be achieved by incorporating the WCE process, which is suitable for mass production.
Application of FEM Simulation and Abductive Network to Predict the Springback of U-Shaped Bending Process with Counter Force
Authors: Yang Tung Sheng , Yeh Jen Chuan , Chang Sheng Yi
Published: October 2012

This study applies the finite element method (FEM) in con-junction with an abductive network to predict springback’s angle during the U-shaped bending process with counter force. To verify the prediction of FEM simulation for springback, the experimental data are compared with the results of current simulation. Bending force, effective stress distribution and springback are investigated for different process parameters, such as profile radius of die, blank holder force and counter force of U-shaped bending process, by finite element analysis. The abductive network is then utilized to synthesize the data sets obtained from numerical simulations. Finally, prediction model is established for predicting springback’s angle under a suitable range of process parameters.
Performance Analysis of Magnetic Hydrodynamic Tilted Bearing with Surface Roughness
Authors: Chiang Hsiu Lu , Chou Tsu Liang , Yang Ching Been
Published: October 2012

The performances characteristics of magnetic hydrodynamic tilted bearing with surface roughness lubricated with ferrofluid are studied in this study. To explore the effects of ferrofluid to the bearings, the Shah’s theoretical model and the modified items of characteristics related to magnetic ferrofluid are adopted. As the affections of surface roughness to the bearings, the stochastic Christensen Reynolds’ equation is applied; meanwhile, with the consideration of the non-zero mean α, variance σ and skewness ε. According to the results, comparing with the Newtonian fluids, the tilted bearing lubricated with magnetic ferrofluid has the higher built-up pressure distribution and load-carrying capacities. As the non-zero mean α of the surface roughness increases, the responding time decreases. On the other hand, increases the variation σ, decreases the responding time in longitudinal surface roughness; whereas, the transverse type has the inverse trend of responding time when variation increases.
FEM Simulation Comparisons of Backward Extrusion
Authors: Tzou Gow Yi , Hsu Chin Chuan , Kuo Ching Ting
Published: October 2012

This study with constant shear friction uses DEFORM 2D software to perform FEM simulation of backward extrusion, and compares to SUPERFORM FEM simulation to realize the variations of forming conditions with the punch force and the final cup height. Effects of frictional factor, punch nose face angle, punch nose radius, and punch seizing length on equivalent stress, equivalent strain, velocity field, punch force, and deformed shape can be explored. Meanwhile using both FEM softwares to simulate can realize variations of both models in order to provide the reference of backward extrusion.
Real-Time 3-D Mapping for Indoor Environments Using RGB-D Cameras
Authors: Chen Liang Chia , Thai Nguyen Van
Published: October 2012

For three-dimensional (3-D) mapping, so far, 3-D laser scanners and stereo camera systems are used widely due to their high measurement range and accuracy. For stereo camera systems, establishing corresponding point pairs between two images is one crucial step for reconstructing depth information. However, mapping approaches using laser scanners are still restricted by a serious constraint by accurate image registration and mapping. In recent years, time-of-flight (ToF) cameras have been used for mapping tasks in providing high frame rates while preserving a compact size, but lack in measurement precision and robustness. To address the current technological bottleneck, this article presents a 3-D mapping method which employs an RGB-D camera for 3-D data acquisition and then applies the RGB-D features alignment (RGBD-FA) for data registration. Experimental results show the feasibility and robustness of applying the proposed approach for real-time 3-D mapping for large-scale indoor environments.
Effect of Grain Size on Micro Ball Punch Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Chang Chao Cheng , Lin Li Yi
Published: October 2012

Micro metal forming is widely interested due to its potential in manufacturing micro parts with low costs and high production rate as the demands of compact devices have been increasing in many fields. This study uses micro ball punch deformation tests to investigate the effect of grain size on the formability of SUS 304 stainless steel sheets. The study employed annealing treatments to change the grain size of the sheets. By using three punches in different diameters in associated with three dies having an inner diameter of 2 mm and different die radii, it was able to perform micro bulging tests and obtain the bulging depths which were used to assess the formability of the sheets. The study shows that the grain size does affect the depth of the deformed dome in the ball punch deformation test at the micro scale.
Kinematic and Dynamic Analyses of a Series-Type Independently Controllable Transmission Mechanism
Authors: Hwang Guan Shyong , Tsay Der Min , Kuang Jao Hwa , Chern Tzuen Lih
Published: October 2012

An innovative transmission mechanism, referred to as a series-type independently controllable transmission (ICT), is proposed in this study. The series-type ICT is an alternative form of the parallel-type ICT proposed in the former researches. It can provide performing functions similar to those of an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) or a continuously variable transmission (CVT), and produce a required and desired angular output velocity that is independently manipulated by a controller and does not depend on the angular velocity of the input shaft. While being applied to variable speed wind power systems, the ICT mechanisms could overcome turbine speed fluctuations and provide a constant speed output to the generator to generate electricity with constant frequency. The series-type ICT is composed of two planetary gear trains and two transmission-connecting members. Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the series-type ICT are investigated and analyzed, and their analytical equations are also derived for application.
General Solution to Bond Rolling of Unbounded Sandwich Sheet with Outer Soft and Inner Hard Layers Considering Coulomb Friction
Authors: Pan Sai Chih , Tzou Gow Yi , Hwang Yeong-Maw
Published: October 2012

This study derives the stress field of the bond rolling of unbounded sandwich sheet with outer soft and inner hard layers at the roll gap considering Coulomb friction between the roll and the sandwich, and Coulomb friction at the interface of the unbounded region. Due to the sandwich sheet unbounded before rolling, three-layer sheets are not bonded firmly. The neutral point between the roll and the sandwich sheet, the rolling pressure distribution along contact interface between the roll and sandwich sheet, the horizontal stress of whole sandwich sheet, the horizontal stresses in the component layers of sandwich, the shear stress at the interface of sandwich sheet, the rolling force, and rolling torque, etc. are effectively calculated via this model. Furthermore, it is of great important to obtain the bonding point at the interface and the thickness ratio of sandwich sheet at the exit from this study. Additionally, the bonding conditions of the unbounded sandwich sheet are found to avoid the failure in bond rolling. This study proposed is suitable for the on-line bond rolling; it offers useful knowledge to conduct the experimental bonding conditions.
Square Tube Manufacturing by forward Extrusion of AA7075 with Porthole Die
Authors: Hsu Quang Cherng , Kuo Kun Hong , Tsai Ping Hsun
Published: October 2012

The proposed paper aims at the development of extruding seam square tube of AA7075 high strength aluminum alloy by simulation and experiment. There are several factors related to extrusion load such as billet temperature, billet dimension, flow stress, die cavity and product geometry. The extrusion loads and die stresses for hot extruding square tube with respect to different product have been investigated. Since AA7075 behaves high forming resistance comparing to AA6063 and AA6061, the product design and die design should be modified in order to meet with the limitation of extrusion machinery. Moreover, AA7075 has high thermal welding crack behavior by comparing to AA7003. Therefore, In order to provide high contact pressure enough to conduct solid welding for the split AA7075 materials in welding chamber, the specific die cavity design has been finished. Then, the solid welding pressure can be increased. The research results show that under the same forming conditions such as fixed ram speed and billet temperature, the extrusion force for the product with thick thickness is small than the one with thin thickness. The same result was obtained for die stress. A square tube extrusion experiment has been conducted by installing die set into forward extrusion machinery. The experiment and simulation results have been compared and discussed.
Nonlinear Sliding-Mode Control for Induction Motors Based on Speed Sensorless
Authors: Wang Hong Mei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lan Hua
Published: October 2012

In order to eliminate buffeting problems caused by the traditional sliding mode control algorithm of induction motors, this paper adopts a continuous control term. In the meanwhile, a simple observer is designed to estimate the rotor flux and rotor torque. Besides, the mechanical equation of induction motor is applied to calculate the motor speed. Finally, according to the results of simulation, the buffeting problems are basically eliminated and thus the method mentioned in this paper is proved feasible.
Research and Simulation on Adaptive Noise Cancellation System Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: He Yan Ping , Zhang Hai Dong , Deng Ke Yan
Published: October 2012

Adaptive noise cancellation system can effectively eliminate interference, and has the strong nonlinear mapping capability and less calculation on the conditions of unknown outside interference source characteristics. Firstly, we research adaptive noise cancellation system principle and structure, and construct an adaptive noise cancellation system based on BP neural network combining with characteristics of BP neural network. Then we dynamically simulate the system using Simulink. The simulation results show that the model can effectively offset the noise signal of noise added signal.
Study on the Method of Pedestrian Detection in Automobile Safety System
Authors: Bai Zhong Hao , Ding Zhi Peng , Yan Qiang
Published: October 2012

In order to improve automobile active safety performance, and reduce the traffic accidents between pedestrians and vehicles, a pedestrian detection method combined with pedestrian contour features is proposed based on the combination of the reliable Adaboost and SVM. For the requirements of fast and accurate pedestrian detection system, ten types of haar-like features are given as the coarse features firstly, and which are trained through Adaboost cascade algorithm to ensure the system with a high detection speed. Then, the hog features of strong ability to distinguish pedestrians are selected as the fine features, and the pedestrian classifier is got by using SVM of different kernels to improve the detection accuracy. It is shown that the method has a higher detection rate and achieves a better detection effect.
Study on the Fuzzy Control System of Micro-Hole Drilling
Authors: Zheng Hui Meng , Wang Dong Hui
Published: October 2012

To improve the accuracy and reliability of control system ,we construct a set of micro-hole drilling on-line monitoring systems based on fuzzy control technology. The axial force and torque collected from experiment are inputted to fuzzy controller get the real-time wear state of drill bit. Then compare the wear value with monitoring threshold, if the amount is bigger than the threshold, the system will alarm and retract the cutter, so the drill can avoid be broken and work piece be saved.