bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between hip or knee arthritis and the risk of depression: a Mendelian randomisation analysis
Authors: Yang Yong-Ze , Cheng Qing-Hao , Zhang An-Ren , Yang Xin , Zhanga Zhuang-Zhuang , Hua Fan , Zhang Fu-Kang , Ma Guo-Rong , Li Peng-Fei , Guo Hong-Zhang
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Observational studies have reported associations between OA and the occurrence of depression/depressive symptoms, but the causal relationship between OA and depression/depressive symptoms remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the causal effect of OA on depression, depressive symptoms using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR).
METHODS: Two-sample MR was used to investigate the causal effect of OA on depression and depressive symptoms. All data were obtained from a public shared database. Traditional methods are Simple mode, Inverse variance weighted, Weighted median, Mendelian Randomization (MR-Egger), Weighted mode to assess the causal effect of OA on depression. The Pleiotrophy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR PRESSO) and MR - Egger were used for sensitivity studies. Outlier test was used to determine the effect of outliers. Heterogeneity was calculated using Cochrane's Q statistic and inverse variance-weighted (IVW) in MR - Egger regression, with P < 0.05 indicating the presence of large heterogeneity.
RESULTS: Based on the results of IVW and Weighted median, we found a causal relationship between OA and depression,depressive symptoms, and OA increased the (IVW: OR = 1.04, P=0.004) and depressive symptom (IVW: OR = 1.10, P= 0.001) Incidence. There was no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity in the analyses, except for heterogeneity in the analyses of OA and depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION: We explored the causal relationship between OA and depression and depressive symptoms by two-sample MR analysis and found that OA increased the incidence of depression and depressive symptoms.
Effects of instrumental configuration, sample preparation, and pretreatment on the IR spectra of silicalite-1
Authors: Wang Zilin , Hu Lishuang , Liu Yang , Hu Shuangqi
Published: August 2023

Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is an important tool to investigate the structure of silicalite-1, but the reported spectra vary considerably depending on the instrumental configuration, sample preparation methods, and pretreatment conditions. This inconsistence makes the investigation of the structure-property correlations difficult. Herein, we investigate the effects of different optical modes (attenuated total reflectance, transmission, diffuse reflectance), different detectors (Mercury Cadmium Telluride and Deuterated Triglycine Sulfate, MCT and DTGS), different sample preparation methods (powder, silicalite-1/KBr wafer, pure silicalite-1 wafer), and different pretreatment temperatures (RT–400°C) on the spectral shapes of the skeletal and hydroxyl region IR spectra of silicalite-1. Then the appropriate measurement conditions to obtain reproducible and intrinsic spectra were determined. For the skeletal region IR spectra of silicalite-1, the suitable conditions are the transmission mode with a DTGS detector and 1:500 silicalite-1/KBr wafers. For the hydroxyl region IR spectra, an in-situ transmission cell with pure sample wafers and pretreatment at 400°C are appropriate. Under these suitable measurement conditions, spectral changes can reflect the changes in the silicalite-1 structure to facilitate the elucidation of the structure-property correlations of silicalite-1 by IR spectroscopy.
Construction of a gaze correction model for an on-screen agent: eye-turn, head-turn, and body-turn perspectives on a flat screen
Authors: Taniguchi Dai , Ogawa Kohei , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

An on-screen agent displayed on a flat screen encounters the problem of the gazing target not being correctly recognized by humans in real space. This is because the image displayed on the screen does not change when the movement of the observer changes the relative angle. Therefore, gaze correction that considers the characteristics of the screen is necessary to correctly present the gaze of the on-screen agent. Despite numerous studies, there exists no formulation of the perception of gaze of an on-screen agent on a flat screen. In this study, we attempted to construct a gaze correction model that derives the appropriate eye-/head-/body-turn angle for three gazing methods based on a gazing target and a confronted human: gazing by eye-turn, gazing by head-turn, and gazing by body-turn. We hypothesized that the gaze correction model of an on-screen agent would be expressed by the sum of the linear terms of the eye- and screen-turn angle for gazing by eye-turn, and by the addition of the interaction term of the head-/body-turn and screen-turn angles for gazing by head-/body-turn. We assessed the efficacy of the gaze correction model. By performing hierarchical multiple regression analysis on the experimental data, we have shown that our hypothesis regarding the gaze correction model is correct and identifies the model's regression coefficients. Consequently, we were able to construct a gaze correction model for an on-screen agent gazing by eye-turn, head-turn, and body-turn, and contributed technology for communication with gaze between an on-screen agent and humans.
Grazing Intensity and Socioeconomic Activities in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve, South Egypt
Authors: Shaltout Kamal Hussein , Al-Sodany Yassin Mohamed , Salem Ashraf H. , Sheded Mohamed G.
Published: August 2023

Natural resources, human and socioeconomic activities data were collected directly from human beings at the downstream and upstream parts of Wadi Allaqi. A survey of Bedouin living in this wadi was undertaken using an open-ended questionnaire to gain information about the best general critical factors that controlling the natural recourses of economic activities and their type, only for men bediouns, furthermore, grazing intensity was estimated. Domestic and wild animals can graze and browse on 58.8% of the total recorded species in Wadi Allaqi. As well as the highly palatable species, some camels can graze over 20 plant species that are usually avoided by other animals. About 38% species in the study area have low palatability, 16.5% species are unpalatable and 13.4% are known to be browsed by camels with some exception (Crotalaria aegyptiaca which is poisonous to goats and sheep). Sheep and camel herding, charcoal production, small-scale cultivation, and medicinal plant collections developed a system by Bedouin near Nasser Lake. Out of 93.3% of Bedouin reported that Lake Nasser fluctuation affected their production. Some 13.3% of Ababda and 26.8% Bishari Bedouins agree that the second key which effect their life is the rainfall incidence. Key wards: Wadi Allaqi, grazing intensity, sustainable uses, Socioeconomic activities, palatability
Fetal sex as moderating factor for the relationship between maternal childhood trauma and salivary kynurenic acid and tryptophan in pregnancy: A pilot study
Authors: Pedraz-Petrozzi Bruno , Lamade Eva Kathrin , Marszalek-Grabska Marta , Trzpil Alicja , Lindner Ole , Meininger Pascal , Fornal Emilia , Turski Waldemar A. , Gilles Maria , Deuschle Michael
Published: August 2023

Traumatic experiences and fetal development influence tryptophan (TRP) and its neuroactive byproduct, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Maternal TRP metabolite levels during pregnancy vary by fetal sex, with higher concentrations in mothers carrying male fetuses. This pilot study aimed to explore the relationship between offspring sex, maternal childhood trauma, and maternal salivary KYNA and TRP levels during pregnancy. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine KYNA and TRP levels in maternal saliva samples collected from 35 late pregnant participants. Maternal childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, including subscales for emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Among mothers pregnant with boys, salivary KYNA significantly correlated with physical and emotional neglect and salivary TRP with emotional neglect. No significant correlations were found in mothers who delivered female offspring. Significant associations of childhood trauma and offspring sex were found for salivary KYNA but not TRP concentrations. Mothers with higher trauma levels who delivered boys exhibited elevated salivary KYNA levels compared to those with lower trauma levels. Moreover, mothers with higher trauma levels who delivered boys had higher salivary KYNA levels than those with higher trauma levels who delivered girls. This pilot study provides evidence of an association between maternal childhood trauma and TRP metabolism, measured in saliva, especially in mothers pregnant with boys. However, further confirmation is required through longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
Kesalahan Berbahasa Lisan Penutur BIPA dalam Kanal YouTube “Sarah Johnson”
Authors: Febrianti Rika , Susanto Gatut
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the language errors made by BIPA speakers on Sarah Johnson's YouTube channel. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out by looking at two videos on Sara Johnson's YouTube channel and then transcribing the recordings into writing. The analysis are carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and concluding research results. The aims of this research are (1) to describe errors in Indonesian pronunciation. In Indonesian pronunciation errors, 3 types of errors were found caused by phoneme changes, 2 forms of errors caused by adding and subtracting phonemes, and 2 forms of errors caused by pausing errors; (2) describe errors in the formation of Indonesian words. In the errors in the formation of Indonesian words, 6 forms of errors were found in the use of affixes, and 4 forms of errors in the choice of words; (3) errors in sentence construction in Indonesian. In the errors in the preparation of Indonesian sentences, 1 form of language error was found which was caused by ambiguity in the sentence, so that overall 18 forms of Indonesian language errors were found in this study. Errors in spoken language on the YouTube account "Sarah Johnson" are caused by errors or errors experienced by Sarah Johnson. This error is also caused by the influence of the mother tongue (interlingual) and also the lack of understanding and complexity of the second language that is less mastered (intralingual).
Financial performance-based assessment of companies’ competitiveness: Evidence from the Norwegian Shipbuilding Industry
Authors: Koilo Viktoriia , Vike Danielsen Antoni
Published: August 2023

The Norwegian maritime industry is at the forefront of green technology development, with shipyards playing a crucial role in testing, verification, and development. However, the industry faces challenges such as high personal costs, increasing competition from abroad, and cyclical market trends. This study aims to assess financial performance as indicator of firm-level competitiveness based on a set of 12 financial measures and test the hypothesis of the positive impact of portfolio diversification on shipyards’ competitiveness.The analysis utilizes data from four large construction yards and four medium-sized construction, repair, and maintenance yards in the Møre region. The methodology involves constructing a Shipyard Competitiveness Index with sub-indices for liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency. Regression analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of ship variety, as a diversification parameter, on the competitiveness level.The obtained results reveal that during the analyzed period (2009–2020), companies in the group of large shipyards had better financial performance until 2017, while on the contrary, the second group of shipyards in the same period showed an increase in their competitiveness index. Moreover, the findings proved the presence of the positive relationship between diversification of portfolio and competitiveness index.This study contributes valuable insights for the Norwegian shipbuilding industry, highlighting the importance of financial performance assessment in measuring competitiveness. The study provides a foundation for future discussions on fostering sustainable growth and innovation within the maritime sector.
Removal of water pollutants using plant-based nanoscale zero-valent iron: A review
Authors: Kheskwani Urvashi , Ahammed M. Mansoor
Published: August 2023

Nanotechnology has been increasingly explored for the treatment of various waste streams. Among different nanoparticles, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been extensively investigated due to its high reactivity and strong reducing power. However, conventional methods for the synthesis of nZVI particles have several limitations and led to the green synthesis of nZVI using plant-based materials. Plant extracts contain various reducing agents that can be used for nZVI synthesis, eliminating the need for toxic chemicals, and reducing energy consumption. Additionally, each plant species used for nZVI synthesis results in unique physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. This review paper provides an overview of plant-based nZVI particle synthesis, its characteristics, and its application for the removal of different classes of pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, nutrients, and trace organic pollutants from water. The review shows that continued research on plant-based nZVI particles to fully understand its potential in wastewater treatment, especially for the removal of a wider variety of pollutants, and for improving sustainability and reducing the cost and environmental impact of the process, is necessary.
Assessing the equivalence of WRRF regulations using dynamic model simulations
Authors: Maere Thomas , Boisvert Christophe , Mendoza Grubert Daniel Andres , Vanrolleghem Peter A.
Published: August 2023

A wide diversity of regulatory practices for wastewater resource recovery plants exists throughout the world. This contribution aims to highlight the implications of choosing particular permitting structures and investigate the equivalence of effluent standards in terms of limit values and compliance assessment specifications. These factors heavily affect the true performance that a treatment plant has to attain and thus the required plant capacity and operation. The dynamic simulations executed in this work, based on a realistic case study and three selected permits from China, The Netherlands and the USA, show the impact of certain compliance specifications like sampling frequency, averaging and tolerable permit exceedances leading to differences in the required design capacity of more than 250% for the same wastewater to be treated. The results also reveal clear differences between permits in their capacity to handle excess variability. The latter is important to avoid overdesign, i.e., when further investment in treatment capacity would result only in marginal effluent quality gains, as well as to create a safe space for testing innovative technologies or ways of operation that might otherwise trigger compliance issues.
5-methylthiopentyl Isothiocyanate, a Sulforaphane Analogue, Inhibits
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines by Regulating LPS/ATP-mediated NLRP3
Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Choi Su-Bin , Kim Ji-Hye , Kwon Sehee , Ahn Na-Hyun , Lee Joo-Hee , Yang Woong-Suk , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Yang Seung-Hoon
Published: August 2023

Background:

Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted from activated macrophages and
astrocytes are crucial mediators of inflammation for host defense. Among them, the secretion of
IL-1β, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, is especially mediated by the activation of NLRP3
inflammasome. Pro-IL-1β, which is produced in response to the invaded pathogens, such as LPS,
is cleaved and matured in the NLRP3 inflammasome by the recognition of ATP. Excessively activated
IL-1β induces other immune cells, resulting in the up-regulation of inflammation. Therefore,
regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome can be a good strategy for alleviating inflammation.

Objective:

Our study aimed to examine whether 5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate, a sulforaphane
analogue (berteroin), has an anti-inflammatory effect on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation
induced by LPS and ATP.

Methods:

Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and astrocytes were stimulated
by LPS and ATP with the treatment of 5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate, a sulforaphane analogue.
The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured by ELISA, and the expression
level of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins was detected by western blot. The association
of NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, and the formation of ASC
specks was evaluated by fluorescent microscope.

Results:

5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate, a sulforaphane analogue (berteroin), decreased the
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the BMDMs. Berteroin notably prevented
the formation of both NLRP3 inflammasome and ASC specks, which reduced the secretion of
IL-1β. Additionally, berteroin reduced the IL-1β secretion and cleaved IL-1β expression in the
primary astrocytes.

Discussion and Conclusion:

These results indicated the anti-inflammatory effects of 5-
methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate (berteroin) by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting
that berteroin could be the potential natural drug candidate for the regulation of inflammation.
Mechanism of IRF5-regulated CXCL13/CXCR5 Signaling Axis in
CCI-induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Cao Jiawei , Hu Chungu , Ding Zhuofeng , Chen Juan , Liu Songhua , Li Qiongcan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Neuropathic pain is chronic and affects the patient’s life.
Studies have shown that IRF5 and CXCL13/CXCR5 are involved in neuropathic pain;
however, their interactions are unknown.

Objective:

In this study, a rat neuropathic pain model was constructed by inducing
chronic compression injury (CCI). IRF5 recombinant lentiviral vector and CXCL13
neutralizing antibody were administered to investigate their action mechanisms in
neuropathic pain. Consequently, the new strategies for disease treatment could be
evolved.

Methods:

The CCI rats were intrathecally injected with recombinant lentivirus plasmid
LV-IRF5 (overexpression), LV-SH-IRF5 (silencing), and CXCL13 neutralizing antibody.
Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were
measured. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels
were recorded via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The spinal cord
was stained using hematoxylin–eosin (HE). The binding of IRF5 to CXCL13 was
analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assay.
The IRF5, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), CXCL13, and CXCR5 expressions were detected
through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

Results:

The MWT and TWL values in the CCI group were lower than in the Sham
group. The expressions of CXCL13, CXCR5, and IRF5 in CCI rats were gradually
increased with the modeling time. IRF5 silencing suppressed the expression of NeuN
and lumbar enlargement in CCI rats and promoted MWT and TWL. Moreover, IRF5
silencing inhibited the expressions of CXCR5 and CXCL13 genes and down-regulated
the expression levels of inflammatory factors. IRF5 was directly and specifically bound
with the endogenous CXCL13 promoter and thus regulated it. IRF5 overexpression
exacerbated the disease phenotype of CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats.
Administration of CXCL13 neutralizing antibodies reversed the IRF5 overexpression
effects.

Conclusion:

The IRF5 silencing alleviated neuropathic pain in CCI rats by
downregulating the pain threshold, inflammatory cytokine levels, and CXCL13/CXCR5
signaling. IRF5 overexpression exacerbated the disease parameters of CCI-induced
neuropathic pain in rats; however, they were reversed by neutralizing antibodies against
CXCL13.
Safety of Ultrasound Exposure: Awareness of Ultrasound Bioeffects among
Saudi Sonographers
Authors: Gareeballah Awadia , Alhujaili Nasab , Aljaldi Thuraya , Alsaedi Shaima’a , Alahmadi Fai , Gameraddin Moawia , Alsharif Walaa , Elzaki Maisa , Alsultan Kamal , Alzain Amel F.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Ultrasound tends to produce biological effects on body tissues. Therefore, the application of ultrasound safety rules is needed in all ultrasound
examinations to avoid bioeffects that may occur because of a high thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI). This study aimed to explore the
Saudi sonographers' awareness of ultrasound safety and bioeffects.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and the data was collected using an online survey google forms questionnaire disseminated
through social media (Telegram, WhatsApp, and Twitter) as an electronic link. A total of 70 participants responded to the survey directly, and then,
the data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science).

Results:

Regarding the awareness of TI and MI, 64.3% of the participants were aware of TI and 65.7% of MI as safety ultrasound indices; moreover, 74.3%
of the participants were aware of the ALARA principle “As Low as Reasonably Achievable.” Participants' knowledge concerning more heat
production in pulsed Doppler ultrasound modes was poor (31.5%). Most of the sonographers, i.e, 77.1% were aware of the relationship between
the risk of cavitation and MI, and 58.6% of the participants were acquainted with the current FDA output limits. In comparison, 58.6% of the
participants were aware of the bioeffects of ultrasound contrast agents. There was no significant correlation between the educational level and the
degree of awareness of ultrasound bioeffects and safety (P-value> 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, it was found that sonographers were aware of the theoretical principles of ultrasound safety indices and the ALARA principle,
although they had poor knowledge of ultrasound bioeffects in Doppler mode.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Role of Statins in the Prevention of
Mortality Following Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Anbari Khatereh , Amiri Mehdi Mohammadian , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Sherwin Catherine MT , Kasiri Karamali
Published: August 2023

Background:

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a type of cancer with a high incidence and case-fatality rate.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the role of statins in preventing mortality following PC based on scientific
evidence with systematic review and meta-analysis method.

Methods:

This meta-analysis considered studies published from 1980 till the end of 2022 in ISI Web of Science, Scopus,
PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Funnel diagrams and Begg's and
Egger's tests were used to assess the publication bias.

Results:

In general, this meta-analysis has included 19 studies (13 cohort studies, 4 case-control, and 2 randomized
clinical trials (RCTs)) and a total of 100,888 patients with PC. The risk of mortality of PC in statin users in total was
0.86 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.92, P-value <0.001); in the case-control studies, it was equal to 0.53 (0.34-0.83); in the cohort
studies, it was equal to 0.87 (0.82-0.92, P-value <0.001); in RCTs, it was equal to 1.19 (0.99-1.42, P-value <0.001); in
studies with good quality score category, it was equal to 0.92 (0.86-0.99, P-value <0.001), and in articles of the moderate
quality score category, it was equal to 0.73 (0.64-0.84, P-value <0.001). The results of statistical tests indicated the
existence of publication bias (Begg's test (P-value = 0.002) and Egger's test (P-value = 0.004)).

Conclusion:

Statins reduce the risk of mortality in patients with PC. However, no significant relation has been observed
in RCTs. Therefore, it is necessary to be cautious in interpreting the results.
A Novel TSH Receptor Gene Variant Associated with Non-Autoimmune
Hyperthyrotropinemia: A Case Report
Authors: Piva Ilaria , Censi Simona , Manso Jacopo , Barollo Susi , Bertazza Loris , Scaroni Carla , Mian Caterina , Barbot Mattia
Published: August 2023

Background:

Resistance to TSH is defined as reduced sensitivity to normal, biologically-active TSH, and abnormally high levels of TSH are needed to achieve normal levels of thyroid hor-mones.

Case Presentation:

A 15-year-old female patient, having been treated since childhood with levothyrox-ine for hyperthyrotropinemia was referred to our institution complaining of tachycardia after the levothy-roxine therapy had been increased. Thyroid ultrasound features were normal, and thyroid antibodies were negative. The therapy was gradually tapered in light of the symptoms, although subclinical hypothyroid-ism was evident at thyroid function tests. First-degree relatives were tested for thyroid function, and the father was also found to have a previously-unknown subclinical hypothyroidism. The patient underwent genetic testing for TSH receptor (TSHR) gene mutations, which revealed a gene variant hitherto not described: p.C598R (c.1792T>C). The father was also tested and was found to carry the same mutation, while other first-degree relatives were wild-type for the TSHR gene. An in-silico analysis was performed, which revealed a loss-of-function phenotype corresponding to the described variant, suggesting a novel loss-of-function TSH receptor gene mutation.

Conclusion:

In this case report, we present a novel loss-of-function gene mutation in the TSH receptor gene associated with a TSH resistance phenotype.
Analysis on the Improvement of Energy Efficiency by using its Models in
Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: B.H. Impa , Anandaraj Shanthi Pichandi , Venkatesh Madhusudhan Mandya
Published: August 2023

Aims and Background:

A self-configured and infrastructure-less wireless network is
named as a wireless sensor network (WSN), which has the role of monitoring physical or environmental
conditions like sound, motion, temperature, vibration, and pollutants for passing their data
throughout the network to a center of location where the data could be easily observed as well as
analyzed.

Methodology:

In WSN, the small-sized sensor node is working with a very small battery with limited
energy. Replacing the battery or recharging the battery is not feasible, and so, the energyefficient
operation of WSN is the key factor. While designing routing protocols (RPs) for WSNs,
one among the significant goals is energy conservation owing to this lower power. Totally, three
models, namely, state, cluster, and content, were utilized for enhancing energy efficiency (EE). Each
protocol has its own way of routing that varies from the other in terms of the parameters selected or
the approach.

Results:

This paper explicates a survey on WSNs, upgrading EE in WSN based on the state model,
EE improvement in WSN based on the cluster model, and EE enhancement in WSN using a contentbased
model with its performance comparison.

Conclusion:

This paper evaluates the number of cluster heads (CHs) of CADS in different nodes
with different schemes for WSNs and a comparison of the four schemes in WSNs.
Nanocarrier-based Systems for Co-delivery of Drugs in the Management
of Skin Cancer: A Review
Authors: Aqeel Rabia , Hafeez Abdul , Usmani Shazia Afzal
Published: August 2023

Background:

Cancer of the skin is one of the most frequent kinds of cancer around the globe and has substantial consequences for both public health and the economy. Co-delivery of drugs using nanotechnology are attractive for the reason that they make it possible for the effective targeting of medications with minimal side effects. The aim of the review is to provide an overview on the management of skin cancer with co-delivery via nanocarriers.

Methods:

Using a number of different search engines, search of the published literature was con-ducted using specific key terms such as co-delivery, skin cancer, nanoparticles, liposomes, and ethosomes. The articles were screened on the basis of target purpose and author’s expertise.

Results:

Nanocarriers based co-delivery systems have been found to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of medications, which resulted in enhanced therapeutic effectiveness with reduction in dose and side effects. Lipid based systems and polymeric nanoparticles have been utilized to incorporate different drugs with different physicochemical characteristics for the management of skin cancer.

Conclusion:

The management of skin cancer may be significantly manageable with co-drug deliv-ery approach by integration of nanotechnology. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers and polymeric micelles have shown the potential for skin cancer treat-ment.
Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19 Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Mini-Review
Authors:   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Monterroso Yancor Bryan , Lemus Martin Roselyn ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Alonso-Ruiz Daniela ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Sanchez-Iriarte Nicole A. ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Gonçalves Lucas Maffioletti ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Rosales-Salán Mónica ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Bustos Jose ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Aladab Aisha ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Garcia De La Rosa Dahiana ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Wong-Valenzuela Emilio Israel ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Cano Krista ,   Principles and Practice in Clinical Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, mainly due to the cytokine storm and the rearrangements in coagulation and immune responses. Accordingly, the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been studied for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: This mini-review evaluated adults with moderate-severe COVID-19 infection and compared the results of placebo plus standard of care (SOC) therapy with those obtained from the administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (UC-MSCs). We searched the following databases: Cochrane, Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed; subsequently, 8 clinical trials were included in this mini-review. Some statistically significant difference was found in the levels of clinical and inflammatory markers between the intervention and the control groups. Conclusion: Early phase trials have shown the promising efficacy and safety of UC-MSC therapy for COVID-19-associated moderate-to-severe ARDS. Large multicenter phase III randomized controlled clinical trials will further confirm these findings.
Плазмохимическое осаждение гидрогенизованных пленок DLC с различным содержанием водорода и sp-=SUP=-3-=/SUP=--гибридного углерода
Authors: Охапкин А.И. , Дроздов М.Н. , Юнин П.А. , Краев С.А. , Радищев Д.Б.
Published: August 2023

The influence of methane plasma parameters on the deposition rate and on the content of the hydrogen and the sp3-carbon fraction in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films (DLC) was investigated. It was shown that the proportion of the sp3-carbon fraction mainly depends on the inductive power and the argon addition to the plasma; the latter also contributes to a decrease of hydrogen in the films.
Электрон-фононное взаимодействие в нанокристаллах перовскитов во фторфосфатном стекле
Authors: Батаев М.Н. , Кузнецова М.С. , Панькин Д.В. , Смирнов М.Б. , Вербин С.Ю. , Игнатьев И.В. , Елисеев И.А. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Смирнов А.Н. , Колобкова Е.В.
Published: August 2023

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals grown in a fluorophosphate glass matrix exhibit phonon replicas of the exciton line. The dependence of intensity of the phonon sidebands are simulated taking into account the difference in the curvature of the excited and ground adiabatic potentials. The Raman spectra of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are measured. Calculations based on the density functional theory is performed to obtain the spectrum of phonon states of these crystals in the orthorhombic phase. The phonon frequencies observed in the PL and Raman spectra are compared with the calculation results.
Терагерцовые излучатели с активной областью на основе сверхмногопериодных решеток AlGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Дашков А.С. , Герчиков Л.Г. , Горай Л.И. , Костромин Н.А. , Буравлёв А.Д.
Published: August 2023

In this article, several designs of the active region of the THz radiation source are considered, taking into account grown super-multiperiod AlGaAs/GaAs superlattices. For the proposed designs, the principal device characteristics are computed: energy band diagram, gain spectrum, and transport characteristics. Based on the calculation results, the authors proposed an optimal design of the active region of a tunable THz radiation source.
Расчет транспортных характеристик двуслойного графена с различным углом разориентации
Authors: Хазанова С.В. , Савельев В.В.
Published: August 2023

In this work a bilayer moiré graphene structure with a spatial period of energy parameters change of the ten nanometers order is considered. The layer misorientation angle effect and the energy gap parameter on the current-voltage characteristic of the structure is studied numerically. The transmission coefficients calculation through the structure demonstrates the appearance of energy gaps, the magnitude of which depends on the misorientation angle of the layers.
Двухфотонное внутризонное поглощение поляризованного света и его линейно-циркулярный дихроизм в алмазоподобных полупроводниках
Authors: Расулов Р.Я. , Касымов Ф. , Кодиров Н.У. , Исомиддинова У.М.
Published: August 2023

The theory of interband two-photon absorption of a strong light wave in semiconductors with a complex band is developed. An analytical expression is obtained for the probability of a two-photon interband transition, which contains a dependence on the intensity, polarization vector, and frequency of the absorbed light, as well as on the band parameters of the semiconductor, where the contribution of the Rabi effect to the coefficients of two-quantum absorption of light is taken into account. It is shown that the shape of the absorption edge and linear-circular dichroism depends on the degree of light polarization and on the Rabi parameter.
Влияние варисторного эффекта и контактных явлений на характеристики твердотельных литий-ионных аккумуляторов с полупроводниковыми электродами
Authors: Рудый А.С. , Мироненко А.А. , Наумов В.В. , Чурилов А.Б. , Курбатов С.В. , Егорова Ю.С. , Козлов Е.А.
Published: August 2023

The results of measuring the charge-discharge characteristics of solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries with a nanocomposite anode based on a-Si(Al) solid solution are presented. The charging characteristics of batteries have a feature in the form of a step on the smooth branch of the charge curve. It is shown that the appearance of the step is associated with the compensation of a-Si(Al) and the change from hole to electron conductivity due to lithiation of the electrode during charging. As a result of lithiation, the electron over-barrier current becomes the main component of the charging current. To maintain a galvanostatic charge mode, the potentiostat increases the voltage by the height of the potential barrier, which leads to the appearance of a step on the charging curve. The impedance of a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion battery of the LiCoO2-LiPON-Si@O@Al electrochemical system was measured in the temperature range from -20°С to 50°С. A structural model of the accumulator is proposed and the parameters of the structural elements of the model are calculated which provide the best fit for experimental Nyquist diagrams. The obtained values of the electrodes’ resistivity are orders of magnitude higher than the results of direct measurements and data from literary sources. According to the IV-characteristics obtained by cyclic voltammetry the high resistance of the electrodes is due to the metal-semiconductor contact and the varistor effect of the electrode material. The results obtained make significant adjustments to the interpretation of the impedance spectra and structural models of solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on semiconductor materials
Efficacy and Safety of the Smallpox Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis in Monkeypox: Protocol for an Open-Labeled, Single-Armed Study
Authors: Yano Rina , Terada-Hirashima Junko , Uemura Yukari , Tomita Noriko , Shimizu Yosuke , Iwasaki Haruka , Okumura Nobumasa , Suzuki Tetsuya , Saito Sho , Ujiie Mugen , Sugiura Wataru , Ohmagari Norio
Published: August 2023

Background

In May 2022, a case of monkeypox (currently known as “mpox”) with no history of overseas travel was reported in the United Kingdom, followed by reports of infections reported in Europe, the United States, and other countries worldwide. Due to the significant overlap in immune responses among viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus (including smallpox virus, mpox virus, and vaccinia virus), it is believed that cross-immunity can be achieved by administering the smallpox virus vaccine. In Japan, a smallpox vaccine (LC16m8 strain vaccine) has been approved; however, there was no regulatory approval for the mpox vaccine during the design of this study. Although it is believed that individuals exposed to the mpox virus may receive smallpox vaccination as mpox prophylaxis, the existing evidence is not clear.

Objective

The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the LC16m8 strain vaccine, approved for smallpox in Japan, for postexposure prophylaxis against mpox when administered to close contacts of individuals with mpox. The secondary objective was to investigate the safety of the vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis against mpox.

Methods

The study aimed to enroll 100 vaccinated participants who had been identified as close contacts of individuals with mpox. Consent was obtained, and the participants are inoculated with the vaccine. Daily recordings of symptoms (body temperature, headache, rash, and side effects) were made until day 21 and then again on day 28. Furthermore, additional evaluations of adverse events were performed by the investigators on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Considering that the maximum incubation period for mpox is 21 days, the primary end point is the presence or absence of the disease 21 days after close contact. The primary analysis focused on cases within 4 days of intense contact as it has been reported that vaccination within this timeframe can reduce the incidence of the disease.

Results

The first trial participant was enrolled on July 28, 2022, and the research period concluded in March 2023. The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Conclusions

This study allowed us to investigate the efficacy and safety of the LC16m8 strain vaccine in postexposure prophylaxis against mpox.

Trial Registration

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs031220137; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs031220137

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/46955
Exploring Patient Needs and Designing Concepts for Digitally Supported Health Solutions in Managing Type 2 Diabetes: Cocreation Study
Authors: Persson Dan Roland , Zhukouskaya Katiarina , Wegener Anne-Marie Karin , Jørgensen Lene Kølle , Bardram Jakob Eyvind , Bækgaard Per
Published: August 2023

Background

Self-management of the progressive disease type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) becomes part of the daily life of patients starting from the time of diagnosis. However, despite the availability of technical innovations, the uptake of digital solutions remains low. One reason that has been reported is that digital solutions often focus purely on clinical factors that may not align with the patient’s perspective.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop digital solutions that address the needs of patients with T2DM, designed from the user’s perspective. The goal was to address the patients’ expressed real-world needs by having the users themselves choose the scope and format of the solutions.

Methods

Using participatory methods, we conducted 3 cocreation workshops in collaboration with the Danish Diabetes Association, with 20 persons with T2DM and 11 stakeholders across workshops: user experience designers, researchers, and diabetes experts including a diabetes nurse. The overall structure of the 3 workshops was aligned with the 4 phases of the double diamond: initially discovering and mapping out key experienced issues, followed by a workshop on thematic mapping and definition of key concepts, and succeeded by an exploration and development of 2 prototypes. Subsequently, high-fidelity interactive prototypes were refined as part of the delivery phase, in which 7 formative usability tests were conducted.

Results

The workshops mapped experiential topics over time from prediagnosis to the current state, resulting in a detailed exploration and understanding of 6 themes related to and based on the experiences of patients with T2DM: diabetes care, diabetes knowledge, glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, and social aspects of diabetes. Two prototypes were developed by the participants to address some of their expressed needs over time related to the 6 themes: an activity-based continuous glucose monitoring app and a web-based guide to diabetes. Both prototypes emphasize periods of structured self-measurements of blood glucose to support evolving needs for self-exploration through distinct phases of learning, active use, and supporting use. Periods of low or intermittent use may thus not reflect a failure of design in a traditional sense but rather be a sign of evolving needs over time.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the needs of patients with T2DM differ between individuals and change over time. As a result, the suggested digitally supported empowering health prototypes can be personalized to support self-exploration, individual preference in long-term management, and changing needs over time. Despite individuals experiencing different journeys with diabetes, users perceive the self-measurement of blood glucose as a universally useful tool to empower everyday decision-making.
JUSTICES’ FREEDOM OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION METHOD IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
Authors: Wibowo Mardian
Published: August 2023

This paper lays out the method of interpretation used by the Indonesian Constitutional Court in inter-preting the articles within 1945 Indonesian Constitution, primarily in judicial reviews and disputes on the authority of state organ. Among the existing and mostly applied interpretation methods injurisprudence, the Court does not consider it self bound by a single method. The resort to variousinterpretation methods,  dependent on the nature of the case at hand, indicates that the Court is progressiveand tends to favour contextual approach. Nonetheless, since the Court is composed of nine differentindividuals, the interpretation approach will largely depend on each Justice’s legal thought. Tulisan ini mencoba menelusuri metode tafsir yang dipergunakan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menafsirkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, terutama dalamperkara pengujian undang-undang dan sengketa kewenangan lembaga negara. Dari beberapa metode tafsiryang ada dan lazim dipergunakan dalam bidang ilmu hukum, ternyata Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak mengikatdirinya pada satu metode tafsir saja. Penggunaan beberapa metode tafsir oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi secarabergantian, tergantung perkara yang dihadapi, menunjukkan sifat progresif dan pemahaman kontekstual.Namun karena Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah kumpulan dari sembilan individu hakim konstitusi makametode tafsir yang dipergunakan sangat tergantung pada kecenderungan dari masing-masing hakim.
MEKANISME sMALL CLAIMs CORTT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TERCAPAINYA PERADILAN SEDERHANA, CEPAT, DAN BIAYA RINGAN
Authors: Fakhriah Efa Laela
Published: August 2023

Business disputes require a quick and simple settlement. Such form of settlement could be attained  through non-litigation methods or alternative dispute resolution. The result acquired from these methods would be in the form of a decision mutually agreed by the disputing parties. This however, does not have forcible power and often goes unexecuted. Thus, these is a need for a business disputeresolution mechanism agreed by the parties, where its process are concluded in courts under a differentprocedural law than what is normally applicable. Such could be found in small claims court, a quickinformal court to institute civil claims of small monetary value Sengketa bisnis memerlukan penyelesaian secara cepat dan sederhana. Penyelesaian sengketa yang demikian dapat dilakukan melalui penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan (non-litigasi). Namun, hasil yang didapat berupa kesepakatan antara para pihak tidak memiliki daya paksa, sehingga seringkali tidak dilaksanakan. Diperlukan suatu mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bisnis yangdilakukan secara damai melalui kesepakatan para pihak, yang prosesnya dilakukan di pengadilan dengan prosedur beracara berbeda dari prosedur beracara biasa. Hal tersebut dapat direalisasikan dengan adanyasmall claims court, yang diartikan sebagai suatu pengadilan yang bersifat informal dengan pemeriksaancepat untuk mengambil keputusan atas tuntutan yang nilai gugatannya kecil.
INDONESIA’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORAL REEF DAMAGE IN KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Puspita Natalia Yeti , Windayani Tisa , Swantoro A. Aris
Published: August 2023

Coral reef is an underwater biodiversity great in value. Sovereignty of the state to explore its natural resources is deeply recognized by international law. On the other hand, the state must also guaranteethe preservation of its natural resources. This research will explain about state responsibility (Indonesia)upon the damage of the coral reefs based on Convention on Biodiversity in Kepulauan Seribu. Terumbu karang merupakan salah satu kekayaan laut yang sangat tinggi nilainya. Hukum internasional mengatur bahwa meskipun suatu negara berdaulat penuh atas wilayahnya, negara tersebut berkewajibanuntuk tidak merusak lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis mengenai tanggung jawab Indonesia sebagainegara peratifikasi Konvensi Keanekaragaman Hayati 1992 sehubungan dengan kerusakan terumbu karang di Kepulauan Seribu.