bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGING CHILD IN DENTAL OFFICE BY NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ahmad Layeeque , Jawa Deepti ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Somani Rani ,   Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Jaidka Shipra ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Bashir Arwah ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Magray Imtiyaz ,   Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & Bridge, Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar, J&K, India., Sabin AP Muhamed ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., a Aiswarya ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Basu Payel ,   Post Graduate Student, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: April 2021

Behaviour management of a child in the dental office refers to methods of obtaining a childs approval of treatment in the dental chair which is based on proper communication, patient/ parent education with empathy, coaching and listening. The concept behind guiding a childs behaviour is treating them rather than just operating the tooth alone. The outcome of these techniques could maintain a proper communication or extinguish disruptive behaviour related to dental treatment.
Ownership composition and intellectual capital disclosure: Indonesia as a case study
Authors: Ulfah Yana , Yudaruddin Rizky , Azizil Yudaruddin Yanzil
Published: April 2021

This study explores whether ownership structure (comprising ownership concentration, foreign, managerial, and institutional ownership) affects intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) in Southeast Asia’s largest stock market and Indonesia’s emerging economy. The sample includes 323 public firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from seven industries between 2008 and 2017, or 2,634 firm-year observations. Data were analyzed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with robust standard errors. The results show that ICD is positively related to ownership concentration. A negative and substantial relationship was found for both foreign and managerial ownerships, while the institutional ownership variable had a negative and insignificant impact. Overall, the results show robust conclusions regarding the impact of the ownership structure on ICD. The findings of this investigation could be taken into account by capital market authorities such as the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) to raise awareness of intellectual capital and improve ICD practices.
Acknowledgment The researchers are grateful for the valuable responses from two unnamed reviewers and discussion respondents at Mulawarman University. We also thank the Indonesia Stock Exchanges (IDX) and The Indonesia Capital Market Institute for providing the annual report.
Sperm oxidative stress: clinical significance and management
Authors: Gamidov S. I. , Shatylko T. V. , Popova A. Yu. , Gasanov N. G. , Gamidov R. S.
Published: April 2021

Oxidative stress is one of the leading causes of sperm dysfunction. Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species can damage sperm membranes and disrupt their DNA integrity, which affects not only the likelihood of getting pregnant naturally, but also the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies and the risk of miscarriage. Sperm cells are extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress, given the limited functional reserve of their antioxidant systems and the DNA repair apparatus. Lifestyle factors, most of which are modifiable, often trigger generation of reactive oxygen species.  Both the lifestyle modification and use of antioxidant dietary supplements are adequate and compatible ways to combat male oxidative stress-associated infertility. The search for other internal and external sources of reactive oxygen species, the identification of the etiology of oxidative stress and treatment of respective diseases are necessary for the successful regulation of redox processes in the male reproductive system in clinical practice, which is required not only to overcome infertility, but also to prevent induced epigenetic disorders in subsequent generations. The article presents the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of male idiopathic infertility. The authors provide an overview of how to prevent oxidative stress as one of the causes of subfebrile fever. The article provides an overview of modern therapeutics, as well as the options for eliminating the consequences of the effect of reactive oxygen species on spermatogenesis and male reproductive system in general.
Functional constipation during and after pregnancy
Authors: Polushkina E. S. , Grigorian I. E.
Published: April 2021

Functional constipation is a common problem in pregnancy and postpartum period and is now considered not just a medical problem but also a factor influencing the quality of life. The frequency of defecation differs in people. Recent years specialists prefer personalized evaluation of the frequency of defecation for exact diagnostics of the condition, but not the classic definition. Functional constipation in pregnancy is caused by functional and anatomy changes of gastrointestinal tract and also by hormonal changes in pregnancy. Early diagnosis and correction of this pathology is one of the main objectives when managing normal pregnancy. This review covers current information on the theme, contains recommendations about the lifestyle during pregnancy and postpartum period and treatment options. Some foreign and Russian authors note the effectiveness of sodium picosulfate which accelerates the passage of the feces in a short time. It can be used during II and III trimesters of pregnancy as well as in the postpartum period and breastfeeding. Thus, complex correction of factors causing functional constipation decreases the risk of colon diseases as well as of all gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women and in the puerperium.
Features of the course of puerperium in preterm birth with a long anhydrous interval
Authors: Khvorostukhina N. F. , Stepanova N. N. , Novichkov D. A. , Silkina A. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Preterm birth (PR), complicated by premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PRPO), continues to be the focus of attention of obstetricians-gynecologists and neonatologists, due to high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality.

The purpose of the study: to identify the features of the course of puerperium in preterm birth with a long anhydrous interval.

Material and methods. A single-stage cohort comparative study of the course and outcomes of PR complicated by PRPO and an anhydrous interval of more than 12 hours (group 1: n = 153) and spontaneous PR with an anhydrous interval of less than 12 hours (group 2: n = 408) has been conducted. Anamnestic data, peculiarities of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period, complications of puerperium and morbidity of newborns have been studied in detail.

Results and discussion. Pregnancy in group 1 was significantly more likely to occur against the background of acute respiratory diseases (ARVI - 2 times), colpitis (2.6 times), more often complicated by threatening termination (1.3 times), the development of isthmic-cervical insufficiency (1.3 times) and chorioamnionitis (5.7 times). It has been found that in the group of patients with a long anhydrous interval, the risk of hyperthermia (2 times - up to 49.7%), subinvolution of the uterus (1.5 times - up to 25.5%), late hypotonic bleeding (13 times - up to 6.5%), endometritis (4 times - up to 3.9%) increased significantly in the postpartum period, increasing the probability of generalization of infection and hysterectomy to 1.3%.

Conclusion. The results of the study once again have confirmed the negative impact of a long anhydrous interval on the incidence of newborns with PR. In addition, data have been obtained on an increased risk of purulent-septic infection in the puerperal period after PR, complicated by PRPO and a long anhydrous interval. All of the above indicates the need for further research in this area to develop a set of diagnostic and therapeutic measures to predict and prevent complications of puerperium during prolonged pregnancy complicated by PRPO.
Luteal phase deficiency: pathophysiology and role in reproductive disorders
Authors: Ivanov I. A.
Published: April 2021

It is well known that corpus luteum normal functioning is crucial for the luteal phase, which determines the embryo implantation and the progression of pregnancy. Luteal phase deficiency (LPD), associated with impaired progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum, is considered as a significant factor of infertility and early pregnancy loss, both in the natural cycle and in assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs. The LPD formation is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysregulation, which leads to abnormal secretion of FSH, LH, ovulation and luteinization disorders, premature luteolysis. The most significant problem in the study of LPD is the lack of reliable and reproducible methods of its verification. This review summarizes the available data on the methods and issues of LPD diagnosing, including the duration of the luteal phase, the level of progesterone secretion, and endometrial biopsy. LPD is an important factor in reproductive failures during IVF, which is caused by suppression of the physiological FSH, LH secretion and requires mandatory progesterone support in the luteal phase of the cycle. It’s hard to define the contribution of LPD to miscarriage, however, empirical progestogen therapy may increase the live births rate in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Currently, there is no evidence of the LPD role and progesterone support effectiveness in infertility management, so the diagnosis and therapy of LPD among these patients should not be considered.
New in the differential diagnosis of different variants of thrombotic microangiopathies in obstetrics
Authors: Kirsanova T. V. , Vinogradova M. A.
Published: April 2021

All variants of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in obstetric practice develop in an avalanche-like manner and require a rapid decision on the choice of treatment tactics. Although all these diseases have similar features, typical of the TMA syndrome as a whole, they are separate diseases with differing etiology and pathogenesis. Because the manifestations of TMA are almost identical in the different diseases, they may all imitate pre-eclampsia and the therapeutic approaches differ, a differential diagnosis is essential and often determines the prognosis.

The differential diagnostic search between the different TMA variants that can develop in pregnancy is described, as the prognosis of life often depends on the correct diagnosis. The main differences between pre-eclampsia/HELLP syndrome and life-threatening conditions such as atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome are considered. Algorithms of diagnostic search are proposed. Attention is drawn to the fact that existing algorithms for the diagnosis of severe TMA prior to ADAMTS 13 results, based on the severity of thrombocytopenia and azotemia as well as scoring during pregnancy can serve as a guide, but not as a defining feature of the diagnosis.

The key to the differential diagnosis is the effect of delivery on the regression of TMA: if hemolysis and thrombocytopenia decrease after delivery, one can speak of ‘pure’ pre-eclampsia (PE) or HELLP-syndrome. If persistent or increasing, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and aHUS should be considered. With an ADAMTS 13 level of less than 10%, a diagnosis of TTP is made. With ADAMTS 13 over 10-20%, the patient falls into the «grey zone» and a repeat enzyme test is required. If there are signs of fulminant multiple organ failure, especially in a patient with initial suspicion of APS, CAPS can be suspected. To confirm it, high titres of APA are required. In addition, TMA may cause: sepsis and various urgent obstetric conditions complicated by the development of DIC.
Desigualdades no interior da escola: a formação da turma dos repetentes
Authors: Almeida Frederico Alves , Xavier Flavia Pereira
Published: April 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o processo de formação de turmas em escolas de ensino fundamental. Utilizamos dados coletados pela Prova Brasil e Censo Escolar de escolas municipais de Contagem-MG, considerando sexo, cor, nível socioeconômico, desempenho em Matemática e repetência. Os resultados apontam que alunos já retidos, com baixo nível socioeconômico e desempenho insuficiente estavam concentrados em salas específicas, e que o agrupamento dos estudantes por tais características foi uma decisão da escola, ainda que pesquisas demonstrem as desvantagens dessa forma de organização.
MILITARIZAÇÃO DAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA
Authors: Santos Mariana Teixeira dos , Silva Thiago De Faria e
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa o Projeto Piloto Escola de Gestão Compartilhada, que alterou quatro escolas públicas para colégios da Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal, no ano de 2019. São objetivos do trabalho: identificar os elementos legitimadores da instauração da gestão compartilhada, investigar se a violência é um fenômeno pertinente na eleição do projeto e detectar os medos da comunidade escolar. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso de um Colégio da Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal, e incita o debate sobre a violência escolar e a militarização das escolas públicas.Palavras-chave: Violência. Medo. Disciplina. Militarização Escolar.
COMUNICAR EM SAÚDE COM FOCO NA HUMANIZAÇÃO DO ATENDIMENTO À GESTANTE E PUÉRPERA
Authors: Venâncio Daniela Lima
Published: April 2021

A comunicação assertiva tem a capacidade de acolher e promover transformação social. Ela se dá por meio de trocas linguísticas verbais e não verbais. Objetivo: Refletir sobre a importância de uma comunicação eficaz para o fortalecimento da humanização da assistência à saúde voltada para a mulher e/ou puérpera. Materiais e métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, nas bases de dados BDEnf, LILACS, MEDLINE e IBECS, com o descritor “Comunicação or Obstetrícia”, artigos publicados no ano de 2013 a 2020, no idioma português e espanhol. Foram encontradas 229 publicações, após a aplicação do teste de relevância I foram excluídos 59 estudos, dos quais, quatro por apresentarem duplicidade e os demais por não abordarem o tema. Para a aplicação do teste de relevância II restaram 21 artigos. Após aplicação do teste de relevância II houve onze exclusões e a amostra final constituiu-se de 10 artigos. Resultado e discussão: Para melhor discutir o tema, categorizou-se o trabalho em duas temáticas: A comunicação como facilitadora para a humanização da assistência à gestante e puérperas; e a comunicação como ponto frágil e a ser aprimorado para melhoria do cuidado. Considerações finais: O estudo apresentou iniciativas que demonstraram como a comunicação pode ser um facilitador da humanização do cuidado, porém também trouxe exemplos de como a comunicação não eficaz pode trazer prejuízos sociais e emocionais para a mulher em seu ciclo gravídico.
Green Synthesis of Upconverting NaYF4 and NaGdF4 Materials and Energy Levels Determination
Authors: Giordano Luidgi , Nunes Matheus , Teixeira Verônica , Rodrigues Lucas
Published: April 2021

An alternative green route using a domestic microwave oven to synthesize NaGdF4:Yb,Tm and NaYF4:Yb,Er was successfully developed. Decreasing dopants concentration increased the β-NaREF4/α-NaREF4 ratio in NaGdF4. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of NaGdF4 showed particles ranging from 500 nm to 1 μm with formation of aggregates up to 100 μm, with two different surface morphologies. The NaGdF4:Yb,Tm emission spectrum showed white-like emission due to Er3+ and Eu3+ contamination. The bandgaps of undoped NaGdF4 and NaYF4 were measured using synchrotron radiation vacuum-UV (VUV) diffuse reflectance, with values of 10.20 eV for the cubic phase and 10.80 eV for the hexagonal phase for both materials. The determination of the RE2+/3+ energy level positions in these fluorides sheds new light on the design of efficient upconversion materials.
Debates on the Peasant Question in the Nikolaevan Era
Authors:   University of Notre Dame, Martin Alexander Michael
Published: April 2021

A large scholarly literature exists about plans for a peasant reform in the reign of Nicholas I. However, the most important archival documents about the debates on the peasant question remain unpublished. The new book by T. V. Andreeva “The distant approaches to the Great Reform: The peasant question in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I” seeks to fill this lacuna. The book begins with a historical survey of the six government committees that were tasked with planning reforms, followed by an extensive collection of archival documents of both official and private provenance. In the debates under Nicholas I, the specific problem of serfdom was folded into the larger question of the social position of the peasants, which the government regarded as a source of both political instability and economic backwardness. The solution that officials envisioned was a reform that was comprehensive, multi-faceted, and gradual. Step-by-step, the evolution that had led to creation of serfdom from the 17th century onward was to be reversed: the landlords were gradually to lose their power over the person of the serfs, who were to be attached only to the land itself. Eventually, the serfs were to be emancipated with land; in the meantime, restrictions on the power of landlords and a comprehensive reform of the state peasants were to serve as preparatory steps. According to Andreeva, the vision of Nicholas and his advisors was too limited and conservative, and premised on the mistaken belief that it was possible to modernize the country without touching the core of the sociopolitical system.
MOTIFS TRANSFORMATION OF M. DESBORDES-VALMORE LYRICS IN THE WORKS OF MARINA TSVETAEVA
Authors: BELAVINA Ekaterina M.
Published: April 2021

The influence of French culture on the poetry of M. Tsvetaeva was noted by her contemporaries (B. Pasternak, S. Bobrov), and also became the subject of scientific research (for example, N. Strelnikova). However, the relationship of her poetry with the French writer work of the romanticism era, M. Desbordes-Valmore (1786-1859), which is almost forgotten in our days, is analyzed for the first time, which seems relevant in light of the growing interest in the role of women in European culture. The article uses a biographical method, with the involvement of the poetics of the rhythm of H. Meshonnik. The article examines the mentions of M. Desbordes-Valmore in M. Tsvetaeva’s poetry and in correspondence with B. Pasternak, provides a brief comparison of biographies in terms of their influence on the formation of a poetic voice. Their tragic fates have a lot in common: both survived revolutions, as a consequence the ruin of the family nest, extreme poverty, the loss of loved ones.
The main similarity between M. Tsvetaeva and M. Desbordes-Valmore lies in the auditory imagination, in intonational rhythmic expressiveness and in vivid metaphor. Both M. Desbordes-Valmore and M. Tsvetaeva left evidence of a moment preceding the moment of writing, “music” preceding verbal expression. They often rely on the song as a precedent text (O. Revzina), a precedent rhythm.
The autobiographical nature of the lyrics and the musicality bring together so dissimilar authors at first glance. M. Tsvetaeva read M. Desbordes-Valmore in the original, probably having become acquainted with her work at the summer courses in the history of French literature at the Sorbonne. The analysis of the transformations of M. Desbordes-Valmore’s poems motifs in M. Tsvetaeva’s lyrics clearly show not only a deep knowledge and understanding of the French romantic tradition, but also the innovation of her own poetic language.
NO FURTHER — THE BATTLE FOR NARO-FOMINSK, 20-31 OCTOBER AND 1-3 DECEMBER 1941. PART TWO
Authors: RADEY Jack , SHARP Charles , BRUNOVA Elena G.
Published: April 2021

This article is a part of a much bigger project. Two of the authors (Jack Radey and Charles Sharp) are writing a book on the fighting west of Moscow from about 9 October to 31 October 1941. Our purpose is to examine why the German offensive against Moscow was stopped by the end of October.
There are no studies in English that convincingly explain this. Our approach is operational and tactical analysis, based on extensive use of Soviet and German archival documents, as well as memoirs, and secondary historical books and articles in all languages. We have found that nearly all the documents are contradictory or omit important information, sometimes deliberately, sometimes because accurate data was lacking.
Our method has been to compare them critically to determine what actually happened. This is challenging work, but we are confident that our analysis explains and clarifies the data from the raw documents. Our conclusions so far point to the outcome of these battles being the result of several factors, the most important being: incompetent German planning and logistics, an absence of clear and obtainable German objectives, and effective Soviet resistance.
This research was done to clarify our understanding of the fighting around Naro-Fominsk and because the Naro-Fominsk fighting reflects these factors in microcosm.
Here, the second part of the research is presented.
MiR-129-5p Promotes Radio-sensitivity of NSCLC Cells by Targeting SOX4 and RUNX1
Authors: Xue Tongqing , Yin Gang , Yang Weixuan , Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Cheng , Yang Weixi , Zhu Jun
Published: April 2021

Background:

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) figures prominently in the radio-
sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MiR-129-5p can block the development of
a variety of tumors. However, whether miR-129-5p modulates radio-sensitivity of NSCLC cells remains
unknown.

Objective:

This study was aimed to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-129-5p
in the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.

Methods:

Radio-resistant NSCLC cell lines (A549-R and H1299-R) were constructed using A549
and H1299 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to
quantify miR-129-5p, SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) mRNA, and RUNX family transcription
factor 1 (RUNX1) mRNA expression levels. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by
flow cytometry. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation experiments were used to
measure cell proliferation. γ-H2AX was examined by Western blot to confirm DNA injury. Dual-
luciferase reporter experiments were applied to analyze the interactions among miR-129-5p,
RUNX1, and SOX4.

Results:

In A549-R and H1299-R cells, compared with the wild-type cell lines, miR-129-5p expression
was remarkably reduced while SOX4 and RUNX1 expressions were increased. The transfection
of miR-129-5p into NSCLC cell lines markedly induced cell apoptosis, DNA injury, cell cycle
arrest, and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. RUNX1 and SOX4 were validated as
target genes of miR-129-5p, and the restoration of RUNX1 or SOX4 could counteract the influence
of miR-129-5p on A549-R cells.

Conclusion:

MiR-129-5p sensitizes A549-R and H1299-R cells to radiation by targeting RUNX1
and SOX4.
Fear of COVID-19 among Peruvian People Living in Disadvantaged Communities: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sotomayor-Beltran Carlos , Matta-Solis Hernan , Perez-Siguas Rosa , Matta-Solis Eduardo , Matta-Zamudio Lourdes
Published: April 2021

Background:

The COVID-19 crisis is fuelling a state of fear among the human population at global level. Especially, those living in informal settlements and slums worldwide have been profoundly impacted by this pandemic. Individuals living in these places are already leading underprivileged lives. Thus, the economic and mental health problems caused by the COVID-19 crisis have further exacerbated their living standards, which has resulted, for instance, in tragedies such as suicides.

Objective:

In this study, we have sought to identify those individuals most at risk of displaying high levels of fear of COVID-19 in an informal settlement located in the capital city of Peru.

Methods:

A questionnaire was administered to 449 inhabitants living in the Carmen Alto informal settlement. The questionnaire was made up of two parts: the first one inquired about demographic data and the second part consisted of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

Results:

The demographic variables of age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, whether a relative from the household was infected with COVID-19, and whether one of them died of this showed significant differences. It could be observed as well that the groups of females, stable workers, unemployed and those having completed a workforce education are at higher odds of displaying high levels of fear of COVID-19. As expected, the groups that had either a relative infected with COVID-19 or a relative death by this had the highest levels of fear towards the virus.

Conclusion:

The female participants are more likely to display higher levels of fear of COVID-19 due to the terrible effect that unfavorable events have on them. In the cases of the unemployed and stable workers, their proneness to show high levels of fear towards the virus is because they have lost their incomes, due to the loss of their jobs, and because of fear of infection, respectively. Hence, we hope that this work serves Peruvian (and other) health authorities to develop strategies that help individuals living in informal settlements and are in urgent need of mitigating mental health problems.
Socio-Demographic and Environmental Determinants of Adverse Childhood Experience among School-Going Adolescents in Jimma town, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tsehay Mekonnen , Necho Mogesie , Belete Asmare , Belayneh Zelalem
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Adverse childhood experience in adolescents is a global public health concern. Several risk factors have been identified so far across different parts of the world. However, there is a paucity of data in Ethiopia.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of Adverse Childhood Experience among school-going adolescents retrospectively.

Methods:

A cross-sectional school-based study was employed. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire Scale for childhood maltreatment. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between Adverse Childhood Experience & associated factors.

Results:

A total of 546 adolescents participated in the study with a response rate of 86%. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 16.83 ± 1.26 years. The majority (442 (81%)) were studying in public schools and 104 (19%) in private schools. Results show that 51.1% reported at least one, and respondents most often faced two ACEs (29.4%), and as many as 10.4% reported at least four or more ACEs. According to the three categories of adverse childhood experience (ACE), from 329 female adolescents, 144(43.8%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 65(17.8%) had been neglected, and 169(51.1%) had been household dysfunctional. And also, from 217 male adolescents, 93(42.9%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 49(22%) had neglected, and 117(53.9%) had household dysfunction. Gender, social support, residence, educational status of parent, and having one or more chronic medical, mental, or neurological disorders were significantly associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Conclusion:

Results of the study show that there was a significant prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Adverse Childhood Experiences have a tremendous impact on future health, well-being, and opportunity. Reduction and prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences are mandatory for all children to reach their full potential. Those who are already exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences also need social support, help them manage their experiences, and lead meaningful lives.
Cost-Effectiveness Assessment of Different Glucosamines in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Simulation Model Adapted to Germany
Authors: Bruyère Olivier , Detilleux Johann , Reginster Jean-Yves
Published: April 2021

Background:

The use of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (OA) (e.g.,
glucosamine, chondroitin) is largely debated in the scientific literature. Indeed, multiple formulations
of these agents are available, both as pharmaceutical-grade products and as nutritional supplements
, but while all preparations may claim to deliver a therapeutic effect, not all are supported
by clinical evidence. Moreover, few data are available regarding the cost-effectiveness of all these
formulations. Usually, access to individual patient data is required to perform economic evaluations
of treatments, but it can be challenging to obtain. We previously developed a model to simulate individual
health utility scores from aggregated data obtained from published OA trials.

Objective:

In the present study, using our new simulation model, we investigated the costeffectiveness
of different glucosamines used in Germany.

Methods:

We used our validated model to simulate the utility scores of 10 published trials that
used different glucosamine preparations. Using the simulated utility scores, the quality-adjusted life
years (QALYs) were calculated using the area-under-the-curve method. We used the 2018 public
costs of glucosamine products available in Germany to calculate the Incremental
Cost/Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). We performed analyses for pharmaceutical-grade Crystalline
Glucosamine Sulfate (pCGS) and other formulations of glucosamine (OFG). A cost-effectiveness
cut-off of 30,000 €/QALY was considered.

Results:

Of 10 studies in which utility was simulated, four used pCGS, and six used OFG. The
ICER analyses showed that pCGS was cost-effective compared to a placebo, with an ICER of 4489
€/QALY at month 3, 4112 €/QALY at month 6, and 9983 €/QALY at year 3. The use of OFG was
not cost-effective at any of the time points considered.

Conclusion:

Using our previously published model to simulate the individual health utility scores
of patients, we showed that, in the German context, the use of pCGS could be considered costeffective,
while the use of OFG could not. These results highlight the importance of the formulation
of glucosamine.
The Abundance and Diversity of Grasshopper (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java
Authors: Abrori Mufti , Setyo Leksono Amin , Penata Gama zulfaidah
Published: April 2021

Grasshoppers belong to the order Orthoptera in the insect class. The Orthoptera order is divided into two major suborders, namely Ensifera and Caelifera. Most grasshopper species play a role as herbivores and are a good source of protein for other animals The abundance and diversity of grasshoppers are more stable in an ecosystem with less disturbance and vice versa. The factors that influence the diversity of grasshoppers include ecological factors such as vegetation structure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java. There are four research locations, namely Tahura R. Soerjo Cangar, Sumbergondo Village, Coban Talun, Junrejo District. Measurement of biotic and abiotic factors in grasshopper habitat (orthoptera), data analysis using the Shannon Wiener diversity index (H'), Importance Value Index (IVI), and biplot analysis. The results showed that the total number of grasshoppers in the ecosystem found was 754 individuals divided into 11 species, 2 families, and 7 subfamilies from Caelifera. Meanwhile, 201 individuals were found in the type of Ensifera, which were divided into 4 species from 2 families and 2 subfamilies. This study concludes that the species diversity of grasshoppers in several ecosystems in Batu City in the suborder Caelifera with the highest diversity is at the Junrejo location. Whereas in the suborder Ensifera the highest diversity was in the Sumbergondo location. The vegetation area has an influence on the diversity of grasshoppers both from the two suborders. The reduction in natural habitat for grasshoppers due to a large number of land uses by humans also has a negative impact on the sustainability of grasshoppers. Environmental factors affect the abundance and diversity of insects including grasshoppers, the response of each type of grasshopper to environmental characteristics affects their existence in a habitat.
Effect of Self-Directed Videos and Simulations on Nurse Skills in Advanced Cardiac Life Support: Comparison Study
Authors: Sugiyanto Jatim , Mintaroem Karyono , Wihastuti Titin Andri
Published: April 2021

Cardiac arrest is one of the highest causes of death in the world. This condition requires the handling of cardiac arrest based on the chain of survival concept. The chain of survival concept is carried out by nurses who have sufficient skills to handle cardiac arrest. Skills can be obtained either through education and training based on simulation or using technology such as self-directed videos. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in self-direct video and simulations of nurse skills in advanced cardiac life support. This study used Quasi-Experimental Design by pretest-posttest with a control group approach. The 42 respondents were divided into two groups. Skills are measured before and after learning with each method. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-whitney tests. The results showed changes in skills before and after learning in the two methods, with each p-value = 0.000. There were no differences in skills changes before and after learning in both groups with a p-value = 0.437. Learning using self-directed videos and simulations can improve nurse skills in carrying out advanced cardiac life support.
Forecasting Future Asthma Hospital Encounters of Patients With Asthma in an Academic Health Care System: Predictive Model Development and Secondary Analysis Study
Authors: Tong Yao , Messinger Amanda I , Wilcox Adam B , Mooney Sean D , Davidson Giana H , Suri Pradeep , Luo Gang
Published: April 2021

Background

Asthma affects a large proportion of the population and leads to many hospital encounters involving both hospitalizations and emergency department visits every year. To lower the number of such encounters, many health care systems and health plans deploy predictive models to prospectively identify patients at high risk and offer them care management services for preventive care. However, the previous models do not have sufficient accuracy for serving this purpose well. Embracing the modeling strategy of examining many candidate features, we built a new machine learning model to forecast future asthma hospital encounters of patients with asthma at Intermountain Healthcare, a nonacademic health care system. This model is more accurate than the previously published models. However, it is unclear how well our modeling strategy generalizes to academic health care systems, whose patient composition differs from that of Intermountain Healthcare.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the generalizability of our modeling strategy to the University of Washington Medicine (UWM), an academic health care system.

Methods

All adult patients with asthma who visited UWM facilities between 2011 and 2018 served as the patient cohort. We considered 234 candidate features. Through a secondary analysis of 82,888 UWM data instances from 2011 to 2018, we built a machine learning model to forecast asthma hospital encounters of patients with asthma in the subsequent 12 months.

Results

Our UWM model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.902. When placing the cutoff point for making binary classification at the top 10% (1464/14,644) of patients with asthma with the largest forecasted risk, our UWM model yielded an accuracy of 90.6% (13,268/14,644), a sensitivity of 70.2% (153/218), and a specificity of 90.91% (13,115/14,426).

Conclusions

Our modeling strategy showed excellent generalizability to the UWM, leading to a model with an AUC that is higher than all of the AUCs previously reported in the literature for forecasting asthma hospital encounters. After further optimization, our model could be used to facilitate the efficient and effective allocation of asthma care management resources to improve outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/resprot.5039
Engagement With COVID-19 Public Health Measures in the United States: A Cross-sectional Social Media Analysis from June to November 2020
Authors: Massey Daisy , Huang Chenxi , Lu Yuan , Cohen Alina , Oren Yahel , Moed Tali , Matzner Pini , Mahajan Shiwani , Caraballo César , Kumar Navin , Xue Yuchen , Ding Qinglan , Dreyer Rachel , Roy Brita , Krumholz Harlan
Published: April 2021

Background

COVID-19 has continued to spread in the United States and globally. Closely monitoring public engagement and perceptions of COVID-19 and preventive measures using social media data could provide important information for understanding the progress of current interventions and planning future programs.

Objective

The aim of this study is to measure the public’s behaviors and perceptions regarding COVID-19 and its effects on daily life during 5 months of the pandemic.

Methods

Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms were used to identify COVID-19–related and unrelated topics in over 300 million online data sources from June 15 to November 15, 2020. Posts in the sample were geotagged by NetBase, a third-party data provider, and sensitivity and positive predictive value were both calculated to validate the classification of posts. Each post may have included discussion of multiple topics. The prevalence of discussion regarding these topics was measured over this time period and compared to daily case rates in the United States.

Results

The final sample size included 9,065,733 posts, 70% of which were sourced from the United States. In October and November, discussion including mentions of COVID-19 and related health behaviors did not increase as it had from June to September, despite an increase in COVID-19 daily cases in the United States beginning in October. Additionally, discussion was more focused on daily life topics (n=6,210,255, 69%), compared with COVID-19 in general (n=3,390,139, 37%) and COVID-19 public health measures (n=1,836,200, 20%).

Conclusions

There was a decline in COVID-19–related social media discussion sourced mainly from the United States, even as COVID-19 cases in the United States increased to the highest rate since the beginning of the pandemic. Targeted public health messaging may be needed to ensure engagement in public health prevention measures as global vaccination efforts continue.
A New School with Spaces Inclusive Pedagogics
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: April 2021

The current public policies in education matters of the Chilean State have declared within their focus the educational inclusion and a new public quality education that offers the best opportunities to all its inhabitants, especially to the most vulnerable socially, culturally and economically. In this way, it takes the international commitment mandated by the United Nations in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular the Sustainable Development Goal 4, whose objective is to guarantee an inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote opportunities of permanent learning for all. The objective of this investigation considers studying the attitudes of pedagogy students to promote the inclusive school’s development. It is necessary, therefore, to know what they think and feel one of their main actors that will lead these changes, future teachers. This study was developed under a quantitative, multivariate, descriptive and correlational model of the phenomenon based on the general perceptions of the sample according to the studied construct. The data collection was carried out through the adaptation to the Chilean reality of the “Questionnaire for future Secondary Education teachers about perceptions of attention to diversity” (Colmenero & Pegalajar, 2015). The results show a positive perception towards inclusion of students, but it is necessary materialized them in a better initial teacher training and in real inclusion practices.
Niccolo Machiavelli and His Influence on Lesotho Political Rulers
Authors: Manyeli Louis
Published: April 2021

In his famous “The Prince”, Machiavelli drastically differs from all political writing of ancient antiquity, the Middle Ages and Renaissance that had one central question: the end of the state. Machiavelli assumes that power is an end in itself, and maintains that the ruler ought to focus on acquiring, retaining and expanding power. While the moralist adheres to the supremacy of his moral code and the ecclesiastic to his religious code, Machiavelli recognizes the supremacy of the precepts of his code in politics: the acquisition, retention and expansion of power. It is argued that most Lesotho political rulers follow in the footsteps of Machiavelli, and this has occurred from gaining independence in the Mountain Kingdom. For Lesotho political rulers heavily influenced by Machiavelli’s amorality, power is regarded as an end in itself. Consequently, the Mountain Kingdom governed by ruthless and tyrant rulers whose aim is to retain and expand power, have subjects who live below poverty line.
Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report
Authors:   WIFO, Austria, Aiginger Karl , Reinstaller Andreas , Böheim Michael , Falk Rahel , Peneder Michael , Sieber Susanne , Janger Jürgen , Fischl Iris , Mayer Sabine , Ruhland Sascha , Sheikh Sonja , Streicher Jürgen , Astor Michael , Glöckner Ulf , Heinrich Stephan , Klose Georg , Riesenberg Daniel , Gerhardter Gabriele , Gruber Markus , Pohn-Weidinger Simon , Wagner Gabriel
Published: April 2021

In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
Integration of electrical resistivity tomography with electromagnetic and soil radon measurements for characterizing the leakage problem in Afamia B dam, Syria
Authors: Al-Fares Walid , Al-Hilal Mohamed
Published: April 2021

Para comprobar las causas de fuga en la presa Afamia B, y proponer un modelo conceptual, se aplicaron tres técnicas complementarias que incluyen datos tomográficos de resistividad eléctrica (ERT, por sus siglas en inglés), electromagnetismo (EM) y radón gaseoso del suelo. Los datos se acompañan por una investigación geológica y tectónica extensa, las cuales ayudaron a delimitar ciertas vías para una posible filtración de agua desde la cuenca de la presa del lago. Se localizaron zonas significativamente débiles, que incluyen lineamientos tectónicos subsuperficiales, roca fracturada, superficies erosionadas y algunas otras estructuras deformadas. Un análisis adicional de los datos indicó que la estructura geológica subyacente de la cuenca de la presa se compone principalmente de un lecho litológico sucesivo que consiste en capas permeables (arenas y gravas), que se alternan con lechos de margas calcáreas impermeables. La composición heterogénea de tales litofacies puede proporcionar una razón adicional que podría mejorar efectivamente las pérdidas de agua a través de las unidades permeables a lo largo del valle principal. Los resultados generales de las técnicas combinadas han mostrado una correlación positiva entre los métodos aplicados y confirmaron la utilidad de este enfoque para trazar estructuras deformadas ocultas y zonas débiles. Además, la existencia de numerosas ruinas arqueológicas, como tumbas y pozos distribuidos en toda la cuenca de la presa, puede aumentar considerablemente la fuga de agua del lago. En consecuencia, se ha encontrado que el lecho de roca erosionado, la heterogeneidad de los lechos alternados y otras características superficiales detectadas están desempeñando un papel crucial en los procesos de fuga vertical y subhorizontal que ocurren dentro de las formaciones de Neogene y pasan a carbonato cárstico profundo y de rocas de la edad cretácica.
Determinantes del gasto de los hogares en salud en México
Authors: Sáenz Vela Hada Melissa , Guzmán Giraldo Ángela Melissa
Published: April 2021

El gasto de bolsillo y catastrófico en México persiste a lo largo de la distribución del ingreso, y la afiliación a determinadas instituciones de salud no exime a los individuos de enfrentar estas situaciones. Se estiman modelos tobit para analizar los determinantes de los gastos de bolsillo y catastróficos en salud, encontrando que las características regionales, individuales y del hogar provocan heterogeneidad en el comportamiento del gasto en salud. De acuerdo con los datos, el uso efectivo de los servicios públicos reduce, aunque no suficientemente, las probabilidades de incurrir en gastos excesivos. Las políticas públicas deben de encaminarse a la promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades, así como a reducir las brechas en la calidad de los servicios públicos de salud.