bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing Integrasi Peer ‎Instruction Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep dan Kemampuan ‎Berpikir Kritis SMA Terpadu Wira Bhakti pada Materi Reaksi ‎Reduksi Oksidasi (Redoks)‎
Authors: Saeng Cicilia Yulianti , Lukum Astin , Botutihe Deasy N
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing integrasi peer ‎instruction terhadap penguasaan konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X SMA ‎Terpadu Wira Bhakti pada materi reaksi reduksi oksidasi (redoks). Penelitian ini merupakan ‎penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian true experimental design dengan rancangan ‎posttest-only control design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas X IPA 1 dan X IPA 2 SMA ‎Terpadu Wira Bhakti masing-masing kelas berjumlah 24 siswa. Model pembelajaran yang ‎digunakan pada kelas eksperimen adalah pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing integrasi peer ‎instruction sedangkan pada kelas kontrol adalah pembelajaran konvensional. Instrument ‎penelitian menggunakan tes objektif 20 nomor soal untuk mengukur penguasaan konsep siswa ‎sedangkan tes esay 6 nomor untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Teknik analisis ‎data pada pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t. dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan ‎hasil perhitungan untuk penguasaan konsep siswa thitung = 2,11 > ttabel = 1,68, sedangkan untuk ‎perhitungan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh nilai thitung = 5 > ttabel = 1,68.‎
Lawrence Grossberg: aportes al debate estructura / agencia
Authors: Barés Aymará Daniela
Published: March 2021

Es la intención de este artículo aportar herramientas conceptuales que sirvan al momento del trabajo de campo como herramientas heurísticas, proponiendo estas lecturas como un camino posible, sabiendo que no es el único ni el mejor. Sólo es en el contexto donde podemos saber si esos conceptos nos son útiles y si contribuyen para interpretar mejor las realidades que nos interesan e interpelan. Consciente de que estos aportes forman parte de un debate más general en las arenas de las ciencias sociales en el que el concepto de identidad, al igual que el de cultura, busca ser puesto en consideración, no pretendemos agotar este debate, ni hacer una reseña del mismo, sólo hacer un aporte desde ciertas lecturas que nos parecen relevantes y poco visibilizadas en el campo disciplinar de la comunicación.
BIODIVERSITAS MANGROVE DI PERAIRAN ACEH BARAT DAYA SEBAGAI POTENSI DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN LAUT BERBASIS MASYARAKAT
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Heriansyah Heriansyah , Purnama Dina Arya , Erijal Erijal , Rifki Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Penelitian Biodiversitas Mangrove di Perairan Aceh Barat Daya Sebagai Potensi Daerah Perlindungan Laut Berbasis Masyarakat bertujuan untuk menghitung biodiversitas mangrove yang terdapat kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya sebagai salah satu wilayah yang akan dijadikan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah. Pengamatan dilakukan pada dua stasiun yakni di kecamatan Kuala Batee dan kecamatan Manggeng, Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Hasil yang diperoleh menggambarkan kondisi populasi mangrove di kecamatan Kuala Batee yang kurang baik, hal tersebut ditandai dengan rendahnya nilai rata-rata kerapatan (633 ind/Ha) serta rendahnya nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan keseragaman (H=0,83 E=0,76) pada lokasi tersebut. Sementara kondisi populasi mangrove di kecamatan Manggengjuga pada kondisi yang kurang baik ditandai dengan nilai rata-rata kerapatan dalam kategori sedang (1400 ind/Ha) serta nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan keseragaman (H=0,36 E=0,53) dalam kategori rendah. Rendahnya nilai parameter yang diperoleh disebabkan alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi lahan sawit dan lahan tambak. Sementara jenis mangrove yang ditemukan pada kedua stasiun pengamatan adalah jenis Ceriops decandra, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba dan Acrostichum aureum dimana Sonneratia alba merupakan jenis yang ditemukan pada kedua stasiun pengamatan.
ANALISIS EKOLOGI LAMUN DI PULAU RAO, KECAMATAN MOROTAI SELATAN BARAT, KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Muhammad Sandra Hi , Wahab Iswandi , Alican Ismawati
Published: March 2021

Salah satu sumberdaya alam yang berperan sebagai produsen primer yaitu ekosistem lamun. Lamun adalah tumbuhan berbunga (Angiospermae) yang mampu beradaptasi secara penuh di perairan yang salinitasnya cukup tinggi atau hidup terbenam di dalam air. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis Komposisi jenis, dan persentase tutupan lamun. Metode penelitian mengunakan transek kuadran 1x1 m. Analisis data yang dilakukan secara deskriptif dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk diagram dan tabel. Hasil pengambilan data komposisi jenis lamun di 3 stasiun pengamatan menunjukan bahwa ada perbedaan di mana yang tertinggi di temukan pada stasiun III sebanyak 5 jenis dengan jumlah 5 individu jenis, kemudian yang tertinggi ke dua pada stasiun II ditemukan 3 jenis dengan jumlah 3 individu, sedangkan yang paling terendah yaitu pada stasiun I sebanyak 2 jenis dengan total 5 individu. Hasil yang di temukan persen penutupan lamun tertinggi berada pada stasiun I sebesar 36 % dan terendah pada stasiun II sebesar 31%.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BAYAM PADA PAKAN TERHADAP DURASI MOULTING KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla olivacea) DI TAMBAK KEPITING BAKAU
Authors: Sihombing Christina Natalia , Hartono Dede , FU Maya Angraini
Published: March 2021

Kepiting bakau (Scylla olivacea) adalah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar yang cukup tinggi maka perlu dilakukan peningkatan produksi kepiting bakau baik jumlah maupun kualitasnya. Salah satu perkembangan teknologi budidaya perikanan dalam meningkatkan produksi kepiting bakau yakni produksi kepiting lunak atau kepiting soka (soft shell). Tingginya peminat terhadap kepiting soka akan mendorong para pembudidaya untuk memproduksi lebih banyak kepiting soka. Namun ada kendala yang di alami dalam kegiatan produksi kepiting soka yaitu penggunaan metode mutilasi organ tubuh seperti kaki jalan atau kaki renang, hal seperti ini dianggap tidak layak untuk dilakukan dan melanggar hukum. Berdasarkan uji yang telah dilakukan terbukti bahwa ekstrak bayam dapat diberikan melalui pakan buatan dan efektif mempercepat moulting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung durasi moulting kepiting bakau di tambak kepiting yang diberi tambahan bayam dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental, rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan memiliki 3 ulangan, pengamatan dilakukan setiap 24 jam. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi bayam terhadap durasi moulting kepiting bakau. Dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil maka diketahui bahwa penambahan bayam 60 gr (P4) merupakan konsentrasi yang paling baik, yaitu dengan rata-rata moulting 13 hari dan menjadi durasi yang paling cepat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air didapatkan suhu berkisar 28-31 oC, salinitas berkisar antara 22-25 ppt, derajat keasaman (pH) berkisar 6,9-7,3 dan oksigen terlarut berkisar antara 5,4-6,3 mg/l. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan cukup baik dan mendukung kehidupan kepiting bakau.
Prediction of Breast Cancer through Tolerance-based Intuitionistic Fuzzy-rough Set Feature Selection and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: LANBARAN Naiyer Mohammadi , ÇELİK Ercan
Published: March 2021

The importance of diagnosing breast cancer is one of the most significant issues in medical science. Diagnosing whether the cancer is benign or malignant is extremely essential in ascertaining the type of cure, moreover, to bringing down bills. This study aims to use the tolerance-based intuitionistic fuzzy-rough set approach to pick attributes and data processing with help of machine learning for the classification of breast cancer. The main purpose of selecting a feature is to make a subset of input variables by removing irrelevant variables or variables that lack predictive information. This study shows how to eliminate redundant data in big data and achieve more efficient results. Rough set theory has already been used successfully to set down attributes, but this theory is insufficient to reduce the properties of a real- value dataset because it will possibly drop knowledge through the decomposition procedure. and this prevents us from getting the right results. In this study, we used the tolerance based intuitive fuzzy rough method for attribute selection. In this technique, lower and upper approaches are used to intuitive fuzzy sets from rough sets to remove uncertainty due to having simultaneous membership, non-membership, and hesitation degrees and obtain better results. The used method is demonstrated to be better performing in the shape of chosen attributes.
Quasi-ballistic transport model for nanoscale MOSFETs: learnings from a diffusive conductor
Authors: Lee Ji Ung
Published: March 2021

The fundamental understanding of transport in ballistic transistors is an important area of research since modern transistors have channel lengths that approach the mean scattering length of carriers. Here, we provide a systematic approach to developing a quasi-ballistic transport model of highly scaled transistors, with only a few fitting parameters. These parameters are physical and follow naturally from the underlying physics of transport in ballistic conductors. Beginning with the band diagram of a diffusive conductor, we show how the number of fitting parameters evolves for describing a quasi-ballistic transistor. To support our model, we benchmark it against a wide range of nanoscale transistors.
Impact of spacing of ultrasound receiving beams on estimation of 2D motion velocity
Authors: Mozumi Michiya , Omura Masaaki , Nagaoka Ryo , Cinthio Magnus , Hasegawa Hideyuki
Published: March 2021

For more detailed measurement of cardiovascular motion and complex blood flow, a two-dimensional (2D) velocity estimation method is required in functional ultrasound imaging. The block matching method based on the correlation function is one of the standard 2D motion estimators. In this study, we investigated the effect of lateral sampling intervals of an ultrasonic B-mode image on the accuracy in velocity estimation. In simulation, bias error (BE) in estimated velocities became −13% with an ultrasonic center frequency of 7.5 MHz and spacings of receiving beams of 0.2 mm. Such a BE was improved from −13% to −1.4% by changing the spacings from 0.2 to 0.1 mm. In the in vivo experiment, the maximum velocity obtained with spacings of 0.2 mm was underestimated by −16% as compared to those obtained with 0.1 mm. Hence, the trend was similar to that in the simulation.
RF reflectometry for readout of charge transition in a physically defined p-channel MOS silicon quantum dot
Authors: Bugu Sinan , Nishiyama Shimpei , Kato Kimihiko , Liu Yongxun , Mori Takahiro , Kodera Tetsuo
Published: March 2021

We have embedded a physically defined p-channel MOS silicon quantum dot (QD) device into an impedance transformer RC circuit. To decrease the parasitic capacitance of the device which emerges in MOS devices that have a top gate, we fabricate a new device to reduce the device’s top gate area from 400 to 0.09 μm2. Having a smaller top gate eliminates parasitic capacitance problem preventing the RF signal from reaching QD. We show that we have fabricated a single QD properly, which is essential for RF single-electron transistor technique. We also analyze and improve the impedance matching condition and show that it is possible to perform readout of charge transition at 4.2 K by RF reflectometry. This will enable fast readout of charge and spin states.
Una “glosa” de Eugenio d´Ors sobre Antonio Machado publicada tres semanas después de la muerte del escritor republicano
Authors: Alonso Montero Xesús
Published: March 2021

D´'Ors es, sin duda, la pluma más valiosa de la intelectualidad franquista, de lo que él era muy consciente. Urgía, por tanto, cuanto antes, sentar cátedra sobre un escritor español que había militado, en el trienio bélico, en la causa de la Antiespaña. Era tan grande don Antonio Machado que las mentes perspicaces del bando franquista tenían que demostrar que el autor de Campos de Castilla, en lo esencial, no fue un defensor y admirador del Frente Popular, de la España “roja”. En este artículo D´Ors arriesga una interpretación: fueron los “rojos”, con su brutal presión, quienes “arrancaron” a Antonio Machado “la palabra impía”. Don Antonio, pues, va a ser, en el período bélico, una especie de secuestrado, topos que se inicia en estas fechas y que llega a su máxima formulación en el famoso prólogo de Dionisio Ridruejo. Un escritor de la excelencia y relevancia de don Antonio Machado –opinaban los espíritus menos beocios del gremio franquista– es, en el fondo, más nuestro que de ellos. No aceptaban la admonición cervantina “ex illis est”.

Ofrecemos ya, en su integridad, el artículo de Eugenio d´Ors cuyo título va precedido del término “Glosas”, sección que el autor mantuvo en distintos periódicos, durante años y años, recogida en volúmenes que tituló, primero, Glosario, y luego, Nuevo glosario. Lo reproducimos sin omitir ninguno de los paratextos de El Ideal Gallego coruñés.
¿El ejército o la belleza? Un encuentro con Gregory Jusdanis
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium, Chávez Muriel Héctor Reynaldo , Gómez John James ,   Universidad Católica de Pereira, Jaramillo Diana ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: March 2021

En la escena de la Antigüedad, la lectura implicaba tres actores empíricos: el lector, el texto leído y una tercera persona (singular o plural), a saber, el público oyente. En la Modernidad, la conversación es una suerte de asociación libre, si es exitosa. Un intercambio en donde los significantes de otros me dan ideas, me ayudan y, de lo cual resulta –a veces– algo nuevo, un ángulo nuevo, de perspectivas inéditas. El presente texto constituye la trascripción de una conversación entre el profesor Gregory Jusdanis de Ohio State University, el profesor Raúl Puello de la Universidad de Cartagena y los profesores que integran el Grupo de Estudio y de Investigación en Subjetividad y Cultura (GEISYC) del Programa de Psicología de la Universidad Santiago de Cali. La conversación fue llevada a cabo el 13 de agosto de 2014 en las instalaciones de la Universidad Santiago de Cali con motivo de la presentación en español del libro Los adversarios de la ficción: una defensa de la literatura (Fiction Agonistes: In Defense of Literature), traducido por los integrantes del Grupo de Investigación Ápeiron y publicado por la Universidad de Cartagena (2014). Se ha intentado transcribir con fidelidad la grabación, agregando sólo algunas correcciones de estilo con la intención de hacer más comprensible el texto al lector. (Héctor Chávez).
Michel Foucault, la revolución y la cuestión del presente. Entrevista con Jean-Paúl Margot
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium, Chávez Muriel Héctor Reynaldo , Brango Kevin ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: March 2021

Jean-Paul Margot, nacido en Francia y nacionalizado colombiano, es profesor titular jubilado del Departamento de filosofía, y profesor distinguido de la Universidad del Valle. Doctor en filosofía por la Universidad de Ottawa, Canadá. Maestría/Magister en filosofía Université de Paris I (Pantheon-Sorbonne). Licenciado en filosofía Université de Paris I (Pantheon-Sorbonne). Licenciado en filosofía escolástica Instituto Católico de París. Publicó, con Lelio Fernández, una traducción, con estudio preliminar, notas y comentarios, del Tratado de la reforma del entendimiento y otros escritos de Baruch Spinoza, Madrid, Tecnos, 1989 (2003), y los libros: La función epistemológica de la filosofía, Universidad del Valle, Cali, 1980, La modernidad. Una ontología de lo incomprensible, Universidad del Valle, Cali, 1995, (2 ed. 2004), Modernidad, crisis de la modernidad y postmodernidad, Universidad del Valle, Cali, 1999 (2 ed. 2007), Estudios cartesianos, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de investigaciones filosóficas, 2003, Estudios de filosofía antigua (editor), 2007, Ensayos filosóficos, México, Porrúa 2011, Perspectivas de la Modernidad. Siglos XVI, XVII, XVIII (Jean-Paul Mar-got & Mauricio Zuluaga eds.), Cali, Programa editorial Universidad del Valle, 2011, Leiser Madanes, Una alegría secreta. Ensayos de filosofía moderna (Jean-Paul Margot compilador), Cali, Programa editorial Universidad del Valle, 2012, Laura Benítez, La modernidad cartesiana: fundación, transformación y respuestas ilustradas (Jean-Paul Margot editor), Cali, Programa editorial Universidad del Valle, 2013, además de unos ochenta artículos, en libros y revistas nacionales e internacionales, sobre filosofía antigua y medieval, siglo XVII, filosofía francesa contemporánea, ética y literatura. Es miembro del Grupo de investigación Ágora: diálogo entre antiguos y modernos de la Universidad del Valle. Vicepresidente de la Sociedad colombiana de filosofía 2006-2008 y 2008-2010.
Poli(s)cromática. Variaciones sobre una ciudad de color
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Quinayá Ocampo Diana Patricia
Published: March 2021

Caminar por la ciudad, es transitar por bloques de material inerte en crudos colores, negro asfalto y gris cemento que contrastan con los vivos colores que nos ponen en alerta: rojo para detenernos o amarillo para que tengamos precaución. Rojo y amarillo que nos invitan a levantar la mirada, a vivir y experimentar el sentimiento de vida común que caracteriza la ciudad. En esta masa en donde el espacio neutro se contrasta con el vivo color que le da vida y se convierte en lenguaje que relata su historia, su gente y sus sueños, surge la polis – cromática: un espacio urbano ricesignificado, que a través de la gráfica urbana y el arte público se transforma en territorio, para invitarnos a construir y vivir nuestra ciudad y ciudadanía dejando una huella de color con cada paso dado al caminar por ella.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕКЛАМИ В СИСТЕМІ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ, ЗУМОВЛЕНІ ПАНДЕМІЄЮ COVID-19
Authors: Вовчанська Ольга , Іванова Лілія
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей реклами в системі маркетингових комунікацій під час пандемії COVID-19. Світова пандемічна ситуація спричинила зміни в рекламі як формі комунікації між рекламодавцем та споживачем у різних сферах бізнесу, і це стосується як традиційних, так і спеціалізованих рекламних каналів. Висвітлено особливості рекламних кампаній різних брендів в країнах світу під час пандемії COVID-19. За результатами маркетингових досліджень здійснено оцінку окремих сегментів рекламного ринку та проаналізовано тенденції зовнішньої реклами в Україні у 2020 р. Виокремлено найефективніші маркетингові інструменти просування товарів/послуг у 2020 р. Досліджено, що через пандемію COVID-19 головні напрями маркетингових комунікацій стануть синергією безпеки, здоров’я та взаємодопомоги. Наголошується, що бізнесам, які хочуть вижити в нових умовах, необхідно стати соціальноорієнтованими, швидко оновити та посилити систему маркетингових комунікацій з цільовою аудиторією, дослідити і чим скоріше використовувати нові канали комунікацій.
SELF-CITATION: THE RISKS AND BENEFITS
Authors: Yurko N. , Styfanyshyn I. , Protsenko U.
Published: March 2021

Self-reference is inevitable in scientific environment, and it is impossible to do without self-citations at all. It is common practice in the scientific world when an author refers to his previous works. It is acceptable in moderation, without indulging in excessive self-citation. Much debate have been initiated about the role, benefits and risks of self-citation, thus becoming the purpose of our article. The findings suggest self-citation to be neither good nor bad in its nature, with effect much depending on the author’s final incentive.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ МОВЛЕННЄВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІД ЧАС ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧІВ У ЗВО
Authors: Савка Ірина , Яремко Тетяна , Гульченко С.
Published: March 2021

Cтаття висвітлює питання навчання усного мовлення студентів під час підготовки майбутніх фахівців з перекладу, виокремлено етапи навчання монологічного та діалогічного мовлення. Досліджено особливості навчання монологічного та діалогічного мовлення студентів під час підготовки фахівців з перекладу у ЗВО. Описано методи навчання усного мовлення, запропонувати методику навчання усного мовлення студентів під час підготовки перекладачів у ЗВО. Визначено особливості використання сучасних методів навчання студентів основ монологічного та діалогічного мовлення як невід’ємної складової професійної компетентності майбутніх фахівців з перекладу. Обґрунтовано доцільність і необхідність розвитку вмінь і навичок іншомовного спілкування у студентів вищих навчальних закладів у сучасних умовах інтеграції та глобалізації освітнього простору.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ СТУДЕНТІВ ТЕХНІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ЧЕРЕЗ МІЖПРЕДМЕТНІ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ
Authors: Шевченко Ірина , Левковська Тетяна
Published: March 2021

У даній статті розглянуто реалізацію принципу міжпредметних зв’язків у вищій школі під час підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти технічних напрямів підготовки. Актуальність даної проблеми випливає з психолого-педагогічних та методичних досліджень. Зазначено, що міжпредметні зв'язки забезпечують засвоєння фундаментальних знань, формування умінь і навичок, сприяють підвищенню ефективності навчання та підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців, що відповідає певним компетентностям підготовки майбутніх інженерів. На прикладі вивчення базових курсів «Вища математика» і «Теорія ймовірностей та математична статистика» для студентів спеціальності «Транспортні технології» розглянуто реалізацію принципу міжпредметних зв'язків. Виділяються основні дидактичні одиниці курсів, їх взаємозв'язок, вплив на систематизовані, фундаментальні професійні знання студентів.
ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ НЕВДАЧ ПРИ СПІЛКУВАННІ ІНОЗЕМНОЮ МОВОЮ
Authors: Медведєва Світлана , Никипорець Світлана , Гадайчук Наталія
Published: March 2021

В процесі спілкування іноземною мовою можуть виникати певні перепони, відомі як комунікативні невдачі. Метою дослідження є виокремити найбільш типові комунікативні помилки фонетичного, лексичного та граматичного характеру та запропонувати шляхи їх подолання на практичних заняттях з англійської мови.
ВМІСТ ЛЕПТИНУ У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ВАГІТНИХ ЖІНОК З ОЖИРІННЯМ У ІІІ ТРИМЕСТРІ ВАГІТНОСТІ
Authors: Семенина Галина , Фартушок Тетяна , Старикович Анна
Published: March 2021

Метою роботи було визначення рівня лептину у сироватці крові вагітних жінок з ожирінням у ІІІ триместрі вагітності. Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 32 жінки із ожирінням (І ст. - 13, ІІ ст. - 10, ІІІ ст. - 9) у ІІІ триместрі вагітності, яким визначали лептин (основна група) та 30 здорових вагітних жінок (контрольна група). Пацієнтки були рандомізовані за віком та патолоґією. Визначення лептину проводили методом імуноферментного аналізу. Ступінь ожиріння визначали за індексом маси тіла (ІМТ) - зріст-вага співвідношення, яке визначали за формулою: вага у кілоґрамах ділена на ріст у м2. Результати й обговорення. При порівнянні рівня лептину у вагітних без ожиріння та вагітних контрольної групи виявлено, що рівень лептину становив у здорових вагітних 27,11 нг/мл, у вагітних з ожирінням І ст. - 48,03 нг/мл , що у 1,77 разів більше, ніж у вагітних без ожиріння. При обстеженні вагітних з ожирінням ІІ ст., рівень лептину був у 2,13 разів вищий, ніж у вагітних контрольної групи, а у вагітних з ожирінням ІІІ ст. - у 2,45 разів, відповідно, (р<0,05). Спостерігали збільшення рівня лептину відповідно до зростання ступеню ожиріння. Так, при ожирінні ІІ ст. рівень лептину більший на 9,7 нг/мл (у 1,2 рази) у порівнянні з вагітними з ожирінням І ст. При ожирінні ІІІ ст. у порівнянні з ожирінням І ст. рівень лептину вищий на 18,48 нг/мл (у 1,38 разів), а при порівнянні з ожирінням ІІ ст. - вищий на 8,78 нг/мл (у 1,15 разів). Висновок. У вагітних жінок із ожирінням є підвищеним вміст лептину в сироватці крові у ІІІ триместрі вагітності порівняно зі здоровими вагітними жінками. Вміст лептину у сироватці крові у жінок із ожирінням корелює зі ступенем тяжкості захворювання.(r=0,47; p<0,05).
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ПОКРАЩАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ З ОСТЕОХОНДРОЗОМ ГРУДНОГО ВІДДІЛУ ХРЕБТА
Authors: Угринчук Сергій , Доцюк Лідія
Published: March 2021

Найпоширенішою причиною ускладнень вертеброгенного походження є дистрофічні ураження хребта, серед яких остеохондроз (ОХ) хребта стає причиною непрацездатності в 25 % випадків. Мануальна терапія охоплює комплекс спеціальних методів дослідження, попередньої підготовки та лікувальних прийомів, націлених на нормалізацію біомеханіки всього хребта як єдиного органу. Використання механічного та рефлекторного чинників, які спрямовані на відновлення нормальних співвідношень елементів хребетно-рухового сегменту, усунення підвивихів суглобів, мобілізацію блокованих сегментів хребта, зменшення м’язового тонусу, призводить до нормалізації функції хребта та зменшення больового синдрому. Проведена порівняльна оцінка ефективності застосування структуральних технік та суглобової корекції у пацієнтів з остеохондрозом грудного відділу хребта, що підвищує ефективність відновного лікування.
Intravenous Infusions in Chronic Pain
Management
Authors: Kosharskyy Boleslav
Published: March 2021

In the United States, millions of Americans are affected by chronic pain, which adds heavily
to national rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability, with an ever-increasing prevalence.
According to a 2011 report titled Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming
Prevention, Care, Education, and Research by the Institute of Medicine of the National
Academies, pain not only exacts its toll on people’s lives but also on the economy with
an estimated annual economic cost of at least $560 - 635 billion in health care costs and
the cost of lost productivity attributed to chronic pain. Intravenous infusions of certain
pharmacologic agents have been known to provide substantial pain relief in patients with
various chronic painful conditions. Some of these infusions are better, and although not
necessarily the first therapeutic choice, have been widely used and extensively studied. The
others show promise, however are in need of further investigations. This article will focus
on non-opiate intravenous infusions that have been utilized for chronic painful disorders
such as fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain, post-herpetic neuralgia,
complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS), diabetic neuropathy, and central pain related to
stroke or spinal cord injuries. The management of patients with chronic pain conditions
is challenging and continues to evolve as new treatment modalities are explored and
tested. The following intravenous infusions used to treat the aforementioned chronic
pain conditions will be reviewed: lidocaine, ketamine, phentolamine, dexmedetomidine,
and bisphosphonates. This overview is intended to familiarize the practitioner with the
variety of infusions for patients with chronic pain. It will not, however, be able to provide
guidelines for their use due to the lack of sufficient evidence.
Key words: Intravenous infusions in chronic pain management, bisphosphonates,
phentolamine, ketamine, lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine, chronic pain
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of
Randomized Controlled Trials of Unilateral
Versus Bilateral Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic
Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Fu Qin
Published: March 2021

Background: Kyphoplasty reduces the pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression
fracture (OVCF). Although the procedure is typically carried out using a bilateral approach, it
is now increasingly performed using a unilateral approach because of the concern for longterm adverse effects. However, little evidence is available to demonstrate superior safety of the
unilateral approach.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the short- and long-term safety and
efficacy of unilateral vs. bilateral kyphoplasty.
Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Settings: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and abstracts
published in the related orthopedic journals were systematically searched up to September 2012,
using “unilateral kyphoplasty” and “osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures” as key words.
Methods: Two investigators independently searched and identified relevant reports and
abstracts using the PRISMA statement criteria. Relevant studies cited by the identified papers
were also included. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, and limited (or poor) based
on the quality of evidence developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 159 cases were enrolled. The methodological
quality of the articles was determined as moderate. We did not find any significant difference
between unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty on pain relief, in either short-term or long-term
follow-up (P = 0.65 and P = 0.69, respectively). The rate of adjacent vertebral fracture was not
statistically different with a P value of 0.88 and 95% CI (confidence intervals) of 0.25-3.26.
Cement leakage was comparable between unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty (P = 0.56, 95%
CI = 0.46-4.26). The loss of vertebral height in long-term follow-up was not different (P = 0.10,
95% CI = -0.39-4.54). Operation time and cement dosage were considerably less for unilateral
kyphoplasty (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).
Limitations: Only 4 RCTs and 159 patients were included in this systematic review. Publication
bias also existed among the studies included.
Conclusions: Both unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty are effective in alleviating the back pain
caused by OVCF. Two approaches have the same degree of safety. More RCTs are needed to
examine the efficacy and adverse reactions of the 2 approaches.
Key words: Unilateral kyphoplasty, bilateral kyphoplasty, osteoporotic vertebral compression
fractures, systematic review, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials
Comparing Pain Reduction Following
Vertebroplasty and Conservative Treatment for
Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jiang Hong
Published: March 2021

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are the most common
osteoporotic fractures. Pain is the main symptom. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a
therapeutic procedure performed to reduce pain in vertebral compression fractures. Numerous
case series and several small, non-blinded, non-randomized controlled studies have suggested
that vertebroplasty is an effective means of relieving pain from osteoporotic fractures. However,
a recent pooled analysis from 2 multicenter randomized controlled trials concluded that the
improvement in pain afforded by PVP was similar to placebo.
Objective: To compare the amount of pain reduction measured using the visual analog scale
when OVCF is treated with vertebroplasty or conservatively, and assess the clinical utility of PVP.
Design: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed
comparing pain reduction following vertebroplasty and conservative treatment.
Limitations: There were few data sources from which to extract abstracted data or published
studies. There were only 5 randomized controlled trials that met our criteria. The conservative
treatments used as comparators in these trials were different.
Methods: A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to July 2012 using PubMed, the Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Relevant reports
were examined by 2 independent reviewers and the references from these reports were searched
for additional trials, using the criteria established in the QUOROM statement.
Results: Pooled results from 5 randomized controlled trials are shown. There was no difference
in pain relief in the PVP group at 2 weeks and one month when compared with the conservatively
managed group. Pain relief in the PVP group was greater than that of the conservative group at
3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. However, after subgroup analysis, pain scores were similar
between the PVP group and the sham injection group from 2 weeks to 6 months. Compared
with non-operative therapy, PVP reduced pain at all times studied.
Conclusion: PVP has some value for relieving pain; however, the possibility of a placebo
effect should be considered. PVP has gained acceptance as a complementary treatment when
conservative management has failed before its benefits have been fully understood. More large
scale, double blinded, controlled trials are necessary in order to quantify the pain relief afforded
by PVP more precisely.
Key words: Vertebroplasty, osteoporosis, vertebral compression fracture, randomized
controlled trials, systemic review, meta-analysis
Pre-Emptive and Multi-Modal Perioperative
Pain Management May Improve Quality of Life
in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery
Authors: Moon Seong-Hwan
Published: March 2021

Background: Compared to an abundance of data on surgical techniques for degenerative
spine conditions and the outcomes thereof, little is available to guide optimal perioperative pain
management after spinal surgery. The aim of this study was to survey patterns of perioperative
pain management after spinal surgery and to investigate the effects of perioperative pain
management, such as pre-emptive analgesia and multi-modal postoperative pain management,
on acute postoperative satisfaction, pain reduction, and health-related quality of life in patients
undergoing spinal surgery.
Study design: Non-blind multicenter prospective observational clinical series.
Setting: Seventeen tertiary hospitals (14 hospitals attached to medical colleges and 3 general
hospitals).
Methods: Pain management protocols of 393 patients (153 men, 240 women; mean age of 67
years, ranging from 21 to 91 years) from 17 tertiary hospitals after spinal surgery for degenerative
spine disease were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire.
Results: A total of 79 (20%) patients received pre-emptive analgesics, which included
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, with or without administration of anticonvulsants,
immediately before surgery at the time of antibiotic prophylaxis. Postoperative pain was managed
mainly by multi-modal therapy (363 cases, 92%), along with various combinations of patient
controlled anesthesia (PCA), conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX2 inhibitors, and narcotics. Self-reported levels of pain were not significantly different among
postoperative multiple modalities of pain management, but were different significantly for preemptive pain management regimens (P < 0.05, independent t-test). The number of patients that
reported the self-administrative use of PCA was higher in the no pre-emptive pain management
group compared to the pre-emptive group (P < 0.05). In regards to EQ-5D usual activity, depression/
anxiety and self-care improved significantly in the pre-emptive pain management group when
measured at 2 weeks postoperative (P < 0.05).
Limitations: The limitation of our study is that it is not a randomized controlled observational
study.
Conclusions: Pre-emptive analgesia and multi-modal pain management after spinal surgery may
lead to better health-related quality of life, greater patient satisfaction, and less postoperative pain.
Key words: Degenerative spine, surgery, pre-emptive, pain, management
Infrapatellar Saphenous Neuralgia – Diagnosis
and Treatment
Authors: Trescot Andrea
Published: March 2021

Persistent anterior knee pain, especially after surgery, can be very frustrating for
the patient and the clinician. Injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous
nerve (IPS) is not uncommon after knee surgeries and trauma, yet the diagnosis
and treatment of IPS neuralgia is not usually taught in pain training programs. In
this case report, we describe the anatomy of the saphenous nerve and specifically
the infrapatellar saphenous nerve branch; we also discuss the types of surgical
trauma, the clinical presentation, the diagnostic modalities, the diagnostic
injection technique, and the treatment options. As early as 1945, surgeons were
cautioned regarding the potential surgical trauma to the IPS. Although many
authors dismissed the nerve damage as unavoidable, the IPS is now recognized as
a potential cause of persistent anterior and anteriomedial knee pain. Even more
concerning, damage to peripheral nerves such as the IPS has been identified as the
cause and potential perpetuating factor for conditions such as complex regional
pain syndromes (CRPS). Because the clinical presentation may be vague, it has
often been misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed. There is a documented vasomotor
instability, but, unfortunately, sympathetic blocks will not address the underlying
pathology, and therefore patients often will not respond to this modality, although
the correct diagnosis can lead to rapid and gratifying resolution of the pathology.
An entity unknown to the clinician is never diagnosed, and so it is important to
familiarize pain physicians with IPS neuropathy so that they may be able to offer
assistance when this painful condition arises.
Key words: infrapatellar saphenous nerve, saphenous neuralgia, nerve injury,
knee pain, postoperative pain, peripheral nerve entrapment, diagnostic nerve
blocks, complex regional pain syndrome, cryoneuroablation
Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation Assisted
by PEEK Implant in Painful Osteolytic Vertebral
Metastasis Involving the Vertebral Wall:
Experience on 40 Patients
Authors: Anselmetti Giovanni Carlo
Published: March 2021

Background: Vertebral metastases are associated with significant pain, disability, and morbidity.
Open surgery for fracture stabilization is often inappropriate in this cancer population due to a
poor risk-benefit profile, particularly if life expectancy is short. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are
appealing adjunctive procedures in patients with malignancy for alleviation of intractable pain.
However, these patients have a higher risk of serious complications, notably cement extravasation.
Study Design: We prospectively evaluated clinical results of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant
(Kiva) assisted vertebroplasty performed in malignant painful osteolytic lesions at risk for cement
extravasation due to vertebral wall involvement.
Setting: Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment,
Candiolo, Turin, Italy
Methods: Forty patients (22 women; mean age 66.8 ± 12.4), suffering from a painful spine
malignancy with vertebral wall involvement not responding to conventional therapies and without
surgical indications, underwent vertebral augmentation with Kiva intravertebral implant for pain
palliation. The procedure was performed with moderate sedation and local anesthesia under
combined digital fluoroscopy and computed tomography guidance. After the coil-shaped PEEK
implant was deployed within the vertebral lesion, bone cement was injected under continuous
digital fluoroscopic control. Patients were discharged from the hospital the next procedural day.
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), analgesic requirement, and
use of external brace support were evaluated to determine efficacy. The primary end-point was
safety and efficacy at one month after the procedure. However, all the patients were scheduled
to be followed-up at month 3, 6, and every 6 months thereafter. Follow-up was prospectively
evaluated in all patients after Kiva with clinical interviews. The Institution’s Internal Review Board
approved this study.
Results: Median pre-treatment VAS of 10 (range 6 – 10) significantly (P < 0.001) dropped to
one (range 0 – 3), with all patients achieving a clinically relevant benefit on pain at one month.
Differences in pre- and post-treatment analgesic therapy were significant (P < 0.001). All patients
no longer use an external brace after Kiva. In 7 out of 43 (16.3%) treated vertebrae a bone cement
leakage was detected.
Limitations: This is a not randomized study. Participants were limited to 40 patients.
Conclusion: The Kiva System potentially represents a novel and effective minimally invasive
treatment option for patients suffering from severe pain due to osteolytic vertebral metastases.
Key words: Vertebroplasty, metastases, pain palliation, Kiva, spine
Vertebroplasty for the Compression of the
Dorsal Root Ganglion Due to Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Park Hahck Soo
Published: March 2021

Background: Radicular pain has been considered to be a relative contraindication
to vertebroplasty. It was reported by some authors in the literature that percutaneous
vertebroplasty (PV) in these conditions were performed without complications.
Objective: We describe a patient with radicular pain related to compression of the dorsal
root ganglion by malignant tumor which was relieved after PV.
Study Design: Case report.
Setting: Pain management clinic.
Case Report: A 52-year-old man with spine metastasis involving the dorsal root ganglion
of the left L4 nerve was admitted to the pain clinic with a tingling sensation and pain in both
legs for 6 months. He was not able to lie on his back with his left leg extended or stand
without weakness. The transforaminal epidural block had only a transient effect. The patient
planned to undergo PV. He complained of severe radicular pain in his left leg approximately
5 minutes after the vertebroplasty. A left L4/5 transforaminal epidural block was performed.
The next day, the patient’s pain was relieved without any complications. He underwent
palliative radiation therapy for multiple metastases of the thoracolumbar spine. At 5 months
follow-up, he could lie on his back without recurrence of radicular pain.
Limitations: This report describes a single case report.
Conclusion: We suggest that carefully performed PV is an option for terminally ill patients
with epidural and dorsal root ganglion involvement who do not respond to conservative
treatment or cannot undergo radiation therapy and surgery. PV is minimally invasive compared
to open surgery and may merit serious consideration in patients with limited physiologic
reserves.
Key words: Vertebroplasty, radiculopathy, dorsal root ganglion, spinal metastasis
Intradiscal Pulsed Radiofrequency for Chronic
Lumbar Discogenic Low Back Pain: A One Year
Prospective Outcome Study Using Discoblock
for Diagnosis
Authors: Fukui Sei
Published: March 2021

Background: Discogenic pain is an important cause of low back pain (LBP). We have developed a
pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) technique, using Diskit II® needles (NeuroTherm, Middleton, MA, USA)
placed centrally in the disk, for applying radiofrequency current in the disc (Intradiscal PRF method).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of this intradiscal pulsed
radiofrequency method in patients with chronic discogenic LBP diagnosed by discoblock, in terms
of pain relief and reduction of disability.
Study Design: Prospective case series clinical outcome study.
Methods: The participants consisted of 23 patients with a mean age of 35.3 ± 9.86 years with
chronic discogenic LBP that was not responsive to aggressive nonoperative care. A Diskit II needle
(15-cm length, 20G needle with a 20-mm active tip) was placed centrally in the disc. PRF was
applied for 15 minutes at a setting of 5 × 5 ms/s and 60 V. Outcome measures included the pain
intensity score on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire
(RMDQ) at pre-treatment, one, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment.
Results: The mean pain severity scores (NRS) improved significantly from 7.47 ± 0.85 pretreatment to 3.13 ± 2.58 at the 12 month follow-up (P < 0.01). The RMDQ showed significant (P
< 0.01) improvement from 11.4 ± 1.57 pre-treatment to 2.90 ± 2.97 at the 12 month follow-up (P
< 0.01). Nineteen of 23 (82.6%) of the patients demonstrated NRS improvements of greater than
2, and 15 of 23 (65.2%) had > 50% pain reduction, 12 months after treatment.
Limitations: The number of patients was relatively low and secondary outcomes such as
medication requirement or psychological effects were not addressed.
Conclusions: This intradiscal PRF method with consecutive PRF 5/5/60V, 15 min (with Diskit
needle) appears to be a safe, minimally invasive treatment option for patients with chronic
discogenic LBP.
Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency, discogenic pain, intradiscal procedures, chronic low back
pain, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire
Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Long-Term
Changes in Spontaneous Membrane-Potential
Oscillations in Anterior Cingulate Cortical
Neurons in Vivo
Authors: Wang Ying-Wei
Published: March 2021

Background: Neuropathic pain induction by nerve injury has been shown by in vitro studies
to be accompanied by synaptic strengthening in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and has
been shown by pharmacological studies in vivo to be prevented by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA) receptor-dependent ACC plasticity. These findings indicate that ACC neurons undergo
nerve injury-induced synaptic modifications and further raise a new question about neuropathic
pain-associated changes in neuronal activity in the ACC in vivo, particularly spontaneous neuronal
oscillations – a process believed to be fundamental for many forms of brain function.
Objective: In this study, we examined the change of spontaneous membrane-potential (MP)
oscillations in the ACC in vivo in a neuropathic pain animal model of chronic constriction injury
(CCI), which may account for neuropathic pain development, as well as pain hypersensitivity and
spontaneous pain.
Study Design: Experimental trial in rats.
Methods: Neuropathic pain rats were produced by CCI surgery on the common sciatic nerve.
Neuropathic pain-related behaviors were accessed by evoked responses to both mechanical and
thermal stimuli, as well as spontaneous pain indicated by spontaneous foot lifting. In vivo wholecell recording was performed in both control and neuropathic pain rats under anaesthesia. MP and
action-potential (AP) changes of layer II/III ACC pyramidal cells were measured in current-clamp
mode. The level of anaesthesia was evaluated by monitoring respiratory and heart rates in some
experiments.
Results: Within 7 to 14 days after CCI surgery, the frequency of MP oscillations of ACC neurons
was found to be significantly higher than that in control rats. Such an increase in oscillation
frequency after surgery was not due to periphery transmission via the sciatic nerve subjected to CCI
surgery and was indicated to be accounted for by neuronal modifications in the central nervous
system. Furthermore, this increase was found to result in a higher overall level of MP excitation as
well as an increase in spontaneous AP firing.
Limitations: Our findings in MP and AP changes were obtained in anaesthetized brains; this
issue remains to be further examined by using whole-cell recording in awake behaving animals.
Conclusions: Neuropathic pain is accompanied by the increase in rates of spontaneous
oscillations of ACC neurons. This change may be critical for neuropathic pain development, as well
as pain hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in neuropathic pain animals.
Key Words: Neuropathic pain, anterior cingulate cortex, spontaneous activity, neuronal
oscillation, chronic constriction injury