bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plants Phenolics as Possible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance Inhibitors
Authors: Hassan A. U. , Egbe N. E. , Appah J , Garba S.
Published: January 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence has for long been a serious medical, economic and social problem. It is responsible for numerous nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, surgical site infections and some of community-acquired infections such as otitis, ulcerative keratitis and soft tissue infections. Its ability of adhering to various kinds of surfaces, such as hospital and surgical materials (thus: implicated in causing nosocomial infections) is one of the many reasons why P. aeruginosa is of utmost medical and economic importance. This bacterium has an extensive adaptive capability to different kinds of physical surfaces and conditions. P. aeruginosa has high capability for the formation of resistant biofilms and the regulation of efflux pumps, thus; these two contributes highly towards an elevated resistance to numerous antibiotics. Several antibiotic resistance genes are responsible for P. aeroginosa drug resistance virulence. Plant phenolics have the ability to bind to protein and non-protein domains leading to modification or inhibition protein–protein/co-factor interactions. These are a diverse group of aromatic secondary metabolites involved in plant defense. P. aeruginosa resistance genes mechanisms and evasion tactics can be affected and neutralized by ethno-plant secondary metabolites especially Phenolics, in several different ways due to the nature of its inter-molecular interactions. Ethno-plant phenolics could really provide an alternative natural remedy for the management and neutralization of P. aeruginosa Multi-drug resistance Genes.
Reversal of Hypertension and Amelioration of Oxidative Stress by Persea americana and Allium sativum in Experimentally-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats
Authors: Oridupa Olayinka A. , Adefila Sunday , Aliyu Mordiyah , Olakojo Tolulope A. , Obisesan Ayobami D.
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study evaluated the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Persea americana and Allium sativum in experimentally-induced hypertensive Wistar rats.

Study Design: Experimental Research. 

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan (Animal House), between May 2019 and December 2019.

Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 85 rats randomly divided into 17 groups. Group 1 were normotensive rats while hypertension was induced in groups 2-16 by unilateral nephrectomy and inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Group 17 had abdominal incision without nephrectomy (sham). Treatment groups were administered P. americana or A. sativum extracts at 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg dose and standard antihypertensives; lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide.

Results: Results of the experiment showed treatment of hypertensive rats with 50 mg/kg of A. sativum hexane and P. americana methanol extract caused the most significant decrease in blood pressure compared to normotensive rats. Various extracts of these two plants elevated antioxidants levels (GPx, GST, GSH and SOD) in the brain, heart, kidney and liver significantly while H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased compared to untreated hypertensive rats. NO, an important neurotransmitter for normal endothelial function was also restored in the extract-treated rat, as a deficiency contributes greatly to the development of hypertension.

Conclusion: The study concluded that P. americana and A. sativum do not only lower blood pressure. The plants also inhibited generation of free radicals by enhancing the antioxidant system and mopped up generated free radicals demonstrated by decline in H2O2 and MDA levels. These plants have been shown in this study to contain potential drug candidates which can be proposed for treatment of hypertension.
Linking Farmer Producer Organizations with Other Markets – A Sustainable Change in Marketing of Farm Produce
Authors: Vedasri R. , Mishra S. N.
Published: January 2023

Marketing of agricultural produce is a complex process in India. Farmers do not have access to market, they are selling their produce to the intermediaries operate in the market because of this their profit margin is reduced and their farming business becomes a non-viable one. We can mobilize farmers in groups and build their associations called as Farmer Producer Organization (FPOs). FPO is a means to bring together the small and marginal farmers and other small producers to build their own business enterprise that will be managed by professionals. In the present environment of greater instability and competition, organisation and collective action can help to increase farmers’ competitiveness and increase their advantage in emerging market opportunities. FPOs also help in linking with other markets which helps in sustainable increase in income of farmers.The present paper showed the potential of FPOs in Andhra Pradesh in linking with other markets and Problems faced by the FPOs.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Yield and Seed Quality Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Kashi Adarsh
Authors: Paikra Puneshwer Singh , Ramteke Vikas , Kerketta Anurag
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kunkuri, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh, during rabi 2020-21 with an aim to standardize foliar spray of plant growth regulator for higher seed yield in tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having nine treatments and three replications. Seedling quality traits were recorded in laboratory in completely randomized design. Foliar application of Gibberellic acid (GA3), Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Cycocel and Salicylic acid in various concentrations in tomato were applied as foliar spray at 30 and 45 days after transplanting of tomato seedlings of cultivar Kashi Adarsh. Results revealed that maximum plant height (121.89 cm), number of branches per plant (10.39), number of fruits per plant length of fruit (33.06), length of fruit (4.66 cm), diameter of fruit (4.52 cm), seed yield per plant (19.14 g) was recorded in treatment foliar spray of GA3 at 50 ppm. In laboratory condition seedling traits were evaluated and the highest germination (96.25 %), root length (6.78 cm), shoot length (8.76 cm), root fresh weight (0.81 g), shoot fresh weight (3.37g), root dry weight (0.061 g), shoot dry weight (0.209 g), vigour index- I (789.25) and vigour index- II (22.66) was also recorded in GA3 at 50 ppm.
Evaluation of Quality Assessment during Storage of Ready-to-Serve (RTS) Blended from Papaya, Ginger and Honey
Authors: Debnath Sanjib , Harendra . , Bhati Dashrath , Kumar Dhananjay
Published: January 2023

The current investigation took place at P.G. Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior (M.P.) during the year 2021. To satisfy customer demand in both national and international markets, blended beverages made from fruits, medicinal herbs, and spices are a rich source of nutrients, medical characteristics, and flavours. 10 % of blend consisting 80 % papaya pulp, 10 % ginger juice and 10 % honey (T6) was found best on 9- point hedonic scale by semi-trained judges including males and females for the preparation of RTS with 13% TSS, 0.20% acidity and 70 ppm SO2 than other blend combinations. Result revealed that the TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars increased whereas, pH, vitamin-A, vitamin-C, non-reducing sugar and organoleptic score decreased continuously up to the termination period of the storage under room conditions (23.1-28.70C). Furthermore, it had been noticed that RTS beverage could be stored for 4 months with acceptable sensory quality into polypet bottles.
Clean Water Demand Estimation and Forecasting in Palopo City South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Yunus Sattar , Muis Ramdiana , Anggraini Nani , Zainal Zaid , Yasin Anugrah , Zulkifli .
Published: January 2023

Life is not possible without water, so we need to supply enough water to sustain well in life. Insufficiency of clean water is a major problem for urban communities today. For this reason, it is necessary to estimate the required amount of water. Thisissue will be slowly reduced by planning clean water supply in cities. This study was conducted as a case study in Palopo City, South Sulawesi. The population data is used as a reference when calculating domestic water requirements. The main objective of this study is to measure the clean water needs of community in Palopo City over a forecast period of up to 20 years. As a result of this study, the city of Palopo's water demand in 2027 is 29,510.37 m3/person/day for domestic use and 10,773.95 m3 for non-domestic use including water loss due hydrants and leaks. 31,685.72 m3/person/day for households in 2032, 13,493.76 m3/person/day for ordinary households, 33,744.08 m3/person/day for ordinary households in 2037, 13,884.27 m3/person/day for ordinary households, 35,741.65 m3/person/day for households and 14,183.00 m3/person/day for non-households. The city of Palopo's water production from multiple sources is 65,664.00 m3/day. At the end, it can be concluded that water needs in Palopo City will be quantitatively met by 2042.
Comparison of the Intra and Postoperative Outcomes between 3-D Plates versus 2.0 mm Miniplates in Displaced Mandibular Angle Fractures
Authors: Nayab Atiya , Channar Kashif Ali , Sheikh Tariq Hussain , Kumbhar Aftab Ahmed , Alam Saqba , Rana Hajra , Narejo Sip
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study aimed to compare intraoperative and postoperative outcomes by using Conventional 2mm Miniplate versus 3-D plates in management of Mandibular Angle Fractures.

Study Design: Randomized control trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad over 6 months.

Methodology: The study included a total of 60 patients having mandibular angle fractures randomly allocated into two groups. 30 of them were treated with 2mm conventional miniplates in  group A and 30 cases were 3D plated in group B. Outcomes such as intraoperative time was  measured in terms of minutes from the start of surgery till fixation using a stopwatch. Stability was assessed clinically and by postoperative radiographs. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age duration of fracture and intraoperative time. Whereas frequency and percentage

 were calculated for gender, occupation, type of displacement. A comparison of the said parameters was also done, subsequently. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.

Results: The average age of the patients was 29.50±6.24 years. There were 38(63.3%) male and 22(36.7%) female. Mean intraoperative time in terms of minutes was significantly low in group B than in group A [45.27±7.09 vs. 50.50±7.12; p=0.006]. The rate of stability was 100% in group B and 90% in group A, however, it was not statistically significant between groups (p=0.237).

Conclusion: The results of the current study showed good stability, less procedure time required with a 3-D plating system. It could be concluded by the findings that the 3-D plating system has advantages over conventional 2mm miniplates.
Association of Rurality With Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Turecamo Sarah E. , Xu Meng , Dixon Debra , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Mumma Michael T. , Joo Jungnam , Gupta Deepak K. , Lipworth Loren , Roger Véronique L.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Rural populations experience an increased burden of heart failure (HF) mortality compared with urban populations. Whether HF incidence is greater among rural individuals is less known. Additionally, the intersection between racial and rural health inequities is understudied.

Objective

To determine whether rurality is associated with increased risk of HF, independent of cardiovascular (CV) disease and socioeconomic status (SES), and whether rurality-associated HF risk varies by race and sex.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study analyzed data for Black and White participants of the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) without HF at enrollment who receive care via Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). The SCCS is a population-based cohort of low-income, underserved participants from 12 states across the southeastern United States. Participants were enrolled between 2002 and 2009 and followed up until December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to November 2022.

Exposures

Rurality as defined by Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes at the census-tract level.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Heart failure was defined using diagnosis codes via CMS linkage through 2016. Incidence of HF was calculated by person-years of follow-up and age-standardized. Sequentially adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models tested the association between rurality and incident HF.

Results

Among 27 115 participants, the median (IQR) age was 54 years (47-65), 18 647 (68.8%) were Black, and 8468 (32.3%) were White; 5556 participants (20%) resided in rural areas. Over a median 13-year follow-up, age-adjusted HF incidence was 29.6 (95% CI, 28.9-30.5) per 1000 person-years for urban participants and 36.5 (95% CI, 34.9-38.3) per 1000 person-years for rural participants (P < .001). After adjustment for demographic information, CV risk factors, health behaviors, and SES, rural participants had a 19% greater risk of incident HF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.26) compared with their urban counterparts. The rurality-associated risk of HF varied across race and sex and was greatest among Black men (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51), followed by White women (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.39) and Black women (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.28). Among White men, rurality was not associated with greater risk of incident HF (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81-1.16).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among predominantly low-income individuals in the southeastern United States, rurality was associated with an increased risk of HF among women and Black men, which persisted after adjustment for CV risk factors and SES. This inequity points to a need for additional emphasis on primary prevention of HF among rural populations.
Values and Preferences of Patients and Caregivers Regarding Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Authors: Maleki-Yazdi Keon Andre , Heen Anja Fog , Zhao Irene X. , Guyatt Gordon H. , Suzumura Erica A. , Makhdami Nima , Chen Lina , Winders Tonya , Wheeler Kathryn E. , Wang Julie , Spergel Jonathan , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Ong Peck Y. , O’Brien Monica , Martin Stephen A. , Lio Peter A. , Lind Mary Laura , LeBovidge Jennifer , Kim Elaine , Huynh Joey , Greenhawt Matthew , Frazier Winfred T. , Ellison Kathy , Capozza Korey , De Benedetto Anna , Boguniewicz Mark , Begolka Wendy Smith , Asiniwasis Rachel Netahe , Schneider Lynda C. , Chu Derek K.
Published: January 2023

Importance

Patient values and preferences can inform atopic dermatitis (AD) care. Systematic summaries of evidence addressing patient values and preferences have not previously been available.

Objective

To inform American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI)/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters AD guideline development, patient and caregiver values and preferences in the management of AD were systematically synthesized.

Evidence Review

Paired reviewers independently screened MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from inception until March 20, 2022, for studies of patients with AD or their caregivers, eliciting values and preferences about treatment, rated risk of bias, and extracted data. Thematic and inductive content analysis to qualitatively synthesize the findings was used. Patients, caregivers, and clinical experts provided triangulation. The GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation–Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) informed rating of the quality of evidence.

Findings

A total of 7780 studies were identified, of which 62 proved eligible (n = 19 442; median age across studies [range], 15 years [3-44]; 59% female participants). High certainty evidence showed that patients and caregivers preferred to start with nonmedical treatments and to step up therapy with increasing AD severity. Moderate certainty evidence showed that adverse effects from treatment were a substantial concern. Low certainty evidence showed that patients and caregivers preferred odorless treatments that are not visible and have a minimal effect on daily life. Patients valued treatments capable of relieving itching and burning skin and preferred to apply topical corticosteroids sparingly. Patients valued a strong patient-clinician relationship. Some studies presented varied perspectives and 18 were at high risk for industry sponsorship bias.

Conclusions and Relevance

In the first systematic review to address patient values and preferences in management of AD to our knowledge, 6 key themes that may inform optimal clinical care, practice guidelines, and future research have been identified.
Unreported SARS-CoV-2 Home Testing and Test Positivity
Authors: Park Soo , Marcus Gregory M. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Carton Thomas , Hamad Rita , Pletcher Mark J. ,   COVID-19 Citizen Science Study Consortium, Khatib Rasha , Isasi Carmen R. , Meissner Paul , Kitzman Heather , Djibo Djeneba Audrey , O'Brien Emily , Ozluk Pelin , Sylwestrzak Gosia , Kaul Alan , Nair Vinit , Carton Tom , Johnson Erica , Garcia Torres Janna , Pulgarin Claudia , Williams Natasha , Castex Julie , Feehan Amy , Azar Kristen , Pressman Alice , Sudat Sylvia , Brandner Matthew , Modrow Madelaine F. , Hamad Rita , Kornak John , Marcus Greg , Martin Jeff , Olgin Jeffrey , Orozco Jaime , Park Soo , Peyser Noah , Pletcher Mark J. , Knight Sara , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana , Weiner Mark
Published: January 2023

This cohort study examines time trends in officially reported SARS-CoV-2 case counts and unreported home test positivity.
Concordance between cancer gene alterations in tumor and circulating tumor DNA correlates with poor survival in a real‐world precision‐medicine population
Authors: Rosenberg Shai , Ben Cohen Gil , Kato Shumei , Okamura Ryosuke , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2023

Genomic analysis, performed on tumoral tissue DNA and on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood, is the cornerstone of precision cancer medicine. Herein, we characterized the clinical prognostic implications of the concordance of alterations in major cancer genes between tissue‐ and blood‐derived DNA in a pan‐cancer cohort. The molecular profiles of both liquid (Guardant Health) and tissue (Foundation Medicine) biopsies from 433 patients were analyzed. Mutations and amplifications of cancer genes scored by these two tests were assessed. In 184 (42.5%) patients, there was at least one mutual gene alteration. The mean number of mutual gene‐level alterations in the samples was 0.67 per patient (range: 0–5). A higher mutual gene‐level alteration number correlated with shorter overall survival (OS). As confirmed in multivariable analysis, patients with ≥2 mutual gene‐level alterations in blood and tissue had a hazard ratio (HR) of death of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1–2.2; P=0.047), whereas patients with ≥3 mutual gene‐level alterations had an HR of death 2.38 (95% CI=1.47–3.87; P=0.0005). Together, our results show that gene‐level concordance between tissue DNA and ctDNA analysis is prevalent and is an independent factor predicting significantly shorter patient survival.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Behaviors of an Oxide Fiber‐Reinforced Oxide Matrix Composite
Authors: Deng Guihang , Liu Haitao , Jiang Ru , Chen Xiaofei , Sun Xun
Published: January 2023

Sintering temperature can significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of ceramic matrix composites. Herein, the effect of sintering temperature (900–1200 °C) on micro‐ and macromechanical properties of an oxide fiber‐reinforced oxide matrix (oxide/oxide) composite is investigated. The crack propagation path is predicted by the He–Hutchinson model. Results show that the elastic modulus of matrix and interfacial shear strength increase with sintering temperature. The propagating crack converts from deflection along the interface to direct penetration into the matrix at 1200 °C. With increase of the sintering temperature, the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength monotonically increase, while the fracture toughness increases and then decreases at 1200 °C. A good balance between the fracture strength and fracture toughness is achieved on the 1100 °C sintered composite, which possesses a high flexural strength of ≈276.7 MPa, a high interlaminar shear strength of ≈17.2 MPa, and a high fracture toughness of ≈13.9 MPa m1/2. The study offers a new sight in deep understand of the preparation and applicability of oxide/oxide composite at high temperatures.
Solid‐State Field‐Assisted Ion Exchange (Ag → Na) in Soda–Lime Float Glass: Tin Versus Air Side
Authors: Biesuz Mattia , Mariotto Gino , Cassetta Michele , Ersen Ovidiu , Ihiawakrim Dris , Haušild Petr , Giopato Paolo , Martucci Alessandro , Bortolotti Mauro , Sglavo Vincenzo M. , Sorarù Gian D.
Published: January 2023

The application of a DC current allows fast (few minutes) Ag+ → Na+ ion exchange in soda–lime–silicate (SLS) glass. The effect of processing parameters, electric current, and treating time is studied on both air and tin sides of SLS float glass, and non‐Fickian diffusion is revealed. It is shown that ion exchange kinetics are similar on both sides and the tempering process results in similar mechanical properties (crack formation probability after Vickers indentation, hardness, and Young's modulus). However, the structure/microstructure of the tin and air sides is hugely different. In particular, clear silver nanoclustering takes place on the tin side, resulting in ≈8 nm metallic particles in the vicinity of the surface. The formation of nanoparticles is also coupled with a deep structural reorganization of the amorphous network and the Q

n
units. The nanoparticles’ size decreases moving from the surface to the interior of the glass. Silver nanoparticles are also detected on the air side, although their density and size are largely reduced. Whereas the mechanical properties measured on the air and tin side are similar, significative differences are observed in terms of optical properties.
Advanced User Interfaces for Teleoperated Surgical Robotic Systems
Authors: Nguyen Chi Cong , Wong Shing , Thai Mai Thanh , Hoang Trung Thien , Phan Phuoc Thien , Davies James , Wu Liao , Tsai David , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho
Published: January 2023

In recent years, advances in modern technology have altered the practice of surgery from open to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) aided by robots. Teleoperated surgical robotic systems (TSRSs) provide numerous significant benefits for MIS over traditional approaches, including improved safety, more efficient and precise surgery, better cosmesis, shorter recovery time, and reduced postoperative pain. Existing TSRSs’ master consoles, with improvements in vision systems, designs, and control methods, have significantly enhanced human–robot interactions, resulting in safer and more accurate medical intervention operations. Despite advances, haptic technologies, including sensors, machine assistance, and intuitive devices for user interfaces, are still limited, resulting in less effective usage of TSRSs for surgical operations. This review presents a summary of the emerging TSRSs with a focus on their user interfaces. In addition, advanced sensing, haptic, smart garments, and medical image artificial intelligence (AI) assistance technologies are shown with their potential for use in master consoles of the TSRSs are shown. Finally, a discussion on the need for a smart human‐robot interface for TSRSs is given.
Gold Nanocluster Encapsulated Nanorod for Tumor Microenvironment Simultaneously Activated NIR‐II Photoacoustic/Photothermal Imaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Li Zhifang , Wang Shulong , Zhao Jingjin , Luo Yanni , Liang Hong , Zhao Shulin , Zhang Liangliang
Published: January 2023

Tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive imaging and therapy has great potential for application towards precision diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) and photothermal therapy are important ways to address high‐resolution imaging of in vivo deep tumor tissue and high‐effect therapy of cancer. A gold nanocluster (AuNCs) encapsulated nanorod (AuNRs) (AuNRs@MEA/DTGA@AuNCs, hereafter AMDAs) is prepared. The AuNRs are first modified using β‐mercaptoethylamine (MEA) to form AuNRs@MEA. Dithioglycolic acid (DTGA) is coupled with AuNRs@MEA to obtain AuNRs@MEA/DTGA (AMD). Finally, AuNCs are attached to AuNRs@MEA/DTGA surface to form AMDAs. In this nanocomposite materials, the encapsulation of the AuNRs by the AuNCs obscures NIR‐II PA signal of AuNRs. The high expressed glutathione in the TME react with the AMDAs via redox reaction, the detachment of the AuNCs from the AuNRs surface, and detection of the NIR‐II PA signal from the AuNRs, thus enabling NIR‐II PA imaging of tumor tissues. In addition, due to the high intensity light absorption of AuNRs in the NIR‐II region, the release of AuNRs also enhance tumor photothermal imaging and therapy. This work establishes an accurate and efficient integrated platform for nanodiagnosis and treatment of cancer.
DNA polymorphisms associated with lactase persistence, self‐perceived symptoms of lactose intolerance, milk and dairy consumption, and ancestry, in the Uruguayan population
Authors: Gaudin Raúl Germán Negro , Figueiro Gonzalo , Flores‐Gutiérrez Sara , Mut Patricia , Vega‐Requena Yasser , Luna‐Andrada Lorena , Ackermann Elizabeth , Hidalgo Pedro C. , Carracedo Angel , Torres María , Sans Mónica
Published: January 2023

Uruguay has one of the highest per capita milk intakes worldwide, even with a limited supply of lactose‐free products; furthermore, the admixed nature of its population is well known, and various frequencies of lactase persistence (LP) are observed in the source populations. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the relation between allelic variants associated with LP, milk consumption, digestive symptoms, and genetic ancestry in the Uruguayan population. Samples of saliva or peripheral blood were collected from 190 unrelated individuals from two regions of Uruguay, genotypes for polymorphic sites in a fragment within the LCT enhancer were determined and allelic frequencies calculated in all of them. Data were collected on frequency of milk and dairy consumption and self‐reported symptoms in a subsample of 153 individuals. Biparental and maternal ancestry was determined by analyzing individual ancestry markers and mitochondrial DNA. Twenty‐nine percentage of individuals reported symptoms attributed to the ingestion of fresh milk, with abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence being the most frequent. European LP‐associated allele T‐13910 showed a frequency of 33%, while other LP‐associated alleles like G‐13915 and T‐14011 were observed in very low frequencies. Associations between self‐reported symptoms, fresh milk intake, and C/T‐13910 genotype were statistically significant. No evidence of association between genetic ancestry and C/T‐13910 was found, although individuals carrying one T‐13910 allele appeared to have more European ancestry. In conclusion, the main polymorphism capable of predicting lactose intolerance in Uruguayans is C/T‐13910, although more studies are required to unravel the relation between genotype and lactase activity, especially in heterozygotes.
Synthesis and Studies of Dibenzofuran Embedded Bis‐(Calix)‐Pentaphyrins
Authors: Tiwari Shubham , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: January 2023

Condensation of dibenzofuran based tripyrrane with dipyrroethene diol under acid catalyzed porphyrin forming conditions resulted in the formation of dibenzofuran embedded calix pentaphyrins with two meso‐sp3 carbons instead of expected fully conjugated dibenzofuran (DBF) embedded pentaphyrins. Three examples of DBF embedded calix pentaphyrins have been synthesized by adopting the [3+2] condensation methodology and characterized by various spectroscopic and theoretical methods. The NMR studies that include COSY, NOESY, HMBC and HSQC clearly confirmed the molecular structures of DBF embedded bis‐(calix)‐pentaphyrins. The optimized structures showed that the DBF embedded bis‐(calix)‐pentaphyrin macrocycles adopted figure eight conformation due to presence of two sp3 carbon atoms (C1 and C22) at meso positions which obstructed the conjugation throughout the macrocycle. The absorption spectra of macrocycles showed non‐aromatic features with a sharp strong band at 480 nm and a broad band in the region of 600–800 nm which were significantly red shifted with distinct colour change in protonated derivatives of DBF embedded bis‐(calix)‐pentaphyrins.
Accelerometer‐measured physical activity and sitting with incident mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia among older women
Authors: Nguyen Steve , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Di Chongzhi , Palta Priya , Stefanick Marcia L. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rapp Stephen R. , LaMonte Michael J. , Bellettiere John
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Physical activity (PA) is prospectively inversely associated with dementia risk, but few studies examined accelerometer measures of PA and sitting with rigorously‐adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk.

Methods

We examined the associations of accelerometer measures (PA and sitting) with incident MCI/probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative (n = 1277; mean age = 82 ± 6 years)

Results

Over a median follow‐up of 4.2 years, 267 MCI/probable dementia cases were identified. Adjusted Cox regression HRs (95% CI) across moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) min/d quartiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.28 (0.90 to 1.81), 0.79 (0.53 to 1.17), and 0.69 (0.45 to 1.06); P‐trend = 0.01. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) across steps/d quartiles were 1.00 (reference), 0.73 (0.51 to 1.03), 0.64 (0.43 to 0.94), and 0.38 (0.23 to 0.61); P‐trend < 0.001. The HR (95% CI) for each 1‐SD increment in MVPA (31 min/d) and steps/d (1865) were 0.79 (0.67 to 0.94) and 0.67 (0.54 to 0.82), respectively. Sitting was not associated with MCI/probable dementia.

Discussion

Findings suggest ≥ moderate intensity PA, particularly stepping, associates with lower MCI and dementia risk.

Highlights

Few studies have examined accelerometer‐measured physical activity, including steps, and sitting with incident ADRD.

Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and steps, but not light physical activity or sitting, were inversely associated with lower ADRD risk.

Among older women, at least moderate intensity physical activity may be needed to reduce ADRD risk.
Upcycling poly(vinyl chloride) waste tubes: Studies of thermal stability and kinetics of films made of waste polyvinylchloride tube at the initial steps of degradation
Authors: Hamidi Nasrollah
Published: January 2023

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubing products almost have replaced cast iron sewer and piping systems for water and wastewater collections; it also replaced metal and wood in window frames in construction. PVC has a high value, and its resin production continues to grow yearly at a considerable rate. Availability of the disposed or postconsumer PVC (wPVC) mimics a pseudo‐renewable resource of wPVC, which creates many upcycling, recycling, and downcycling that result in many economic opportunities, besides reducing its burden on the environment while saving energy. This work presents the thermal characteristics of a film made of wPVC (wPVCf). Six samples of wPVCf were analyzed by its own heating, rate appropriate for kinetics properties evaluation, using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. The isoconversional degradation energy barrier (Ea,α) values were evaluated by applying 14 kinetic models, f(α), to the TGA data assuming that the degradation process follows a pseudo‐single component model. The values of Eα,α obtained from all models for each given α value were close to each other with a standard deviation of less than 0.1 kJ mol−1 indicating the validity of the method. The results were consistent with the kinetics data reported in the literature for pure PVC.
Release kinetics of pectin/eugenol composite film and application in pork preservation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Qing , Chen Xiaoju , Kong Yaqiong , Wu Mengqing , Zhu Shuangshuang , Chen Minmin , Li Linlin
Published: January 2023

Biodegradable active packaging materials have received growing attention for extending the shelf life of foodstuffs. A Pectin/eugenol (Pe/Eu) composite film is prepared by casting from pectin and eugenol. The morphology and wettability of the composite film are characterized. The antioxidant activity of the composite film is determined with DPPH method. Special attention is given to the release kinetics of Eu from Pe/Eu composite film and its application in pork preservation. The results display that Eu increased the surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and antioxidant activity of the composite film. In addition, the release mechanism of Eu from Pe/Eu composite film is controlled by diffusion. The release behavior of Eu in Pe/Eu composite film can prolong the shelf life of pork. Therefore, our results suggest that Pe/Eu composite films can provide new ways for active packaging materials to extend the shelf life of animal‐based protein foods.
Synthesis of polystyrene derivative‐silica hybrids via in situ thiol‐ene reaction in the sol–gel process
Authors: Kitahara Asuka , Matsukawa Eri , Matsukawa Kimihiro , Iwamura Takeru , Shiono Takeshi , Adachi Kaoru
Published: January 2023

Polystyrene derivative‐silica hybrids are synthesized via an in situ thiol‐ene reaction in the sol–gel process. Poly(p‐(3‐butenyl)styrene) (PBSt) which is a polymer having vinyl groups in its repeating units is used as an organic polymer and 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) is used as a photo‐induced crosslinking agent between the organic polymer and the silica matrix. MPTES is introduced to PBSt via a thiol‐ene reaction by the UV irradiation. Simultaneously, an acid catalyzed sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) proceeds. The obtained hybrids having the organic polymer content of 30%, 50%, and 70% are optically transparent. On the other hand, the hybrids synthesized without the UV irradiation are turbid or translucent. The SEM–EDX analyses of the transparent hybrids show the homogeneity of the polymer and the silica in the hybrids. These results indicate that forming covalent bonds between PBSt and silica matrix through MPTES by the UV‐promoted thiol‐ene reaction improves the homogeneity of the hybrids. The thermal analyses of the hybrids using TGA show the silica components are almost quantitatively introduced into the resulting hybrids. The DSC measurements show that the resulting hybrids have higher Tg than the original organic polymer.
Drivers of green apparel consumption: Digging a little deeper into green apparel buying intentions
Authors: Tandon Anushree , Sithipolvanichgul Juthamon , Asmi Fahad , Anwar Muhammad Azfar , Dhir Amandeep
Published: January 2023

The apparel industry's sustainability is gaining scholars' attention amidst increasing concerns about its environmental impacts. However, to ensure that the industry's efforts in environmental preservation succeed, it is crucial to identify the factors that can positively influence consumers' purchase or buying intentions for green apparel. However, at present, this topic is relatively understudied. Assimilating the norm activation model (NAM) and the stimulus–organism–response (SOR), we investigate economic, cognitive and ecological factors as antecedents to consumers' green apparel buying intentions. Additionally, we adapt the model to consider consumers' knowledge about apparel production as a moderator. Empirically analysing data from 478 apparel consumers from the USA through structural equation modelling, we found significant roles for affordance, ecological concerns and ascription of responsibility as stimuli influencing an individual's cognitive state through green self‐efficacy, green attitude and personal norms. The latter, in turn, affects the individual's buying intentions. Our findings entail several suggestions to help scholars, policymakers and business managers positively influence consumers to make green purchase decisions. We contribute significantly to the literature by explaining the nuances of driving factors that promote green apparel buying, and practitioners can leverage them to devise appropriate strategic tactics supporting such consumption practices.
Two New C19‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Delphinium shawurense
Authors: Ablajan Nurfida , Xue Wen‐Juan , Zhao Jiang‐Yu , Sardorbek Abdubakiev , Boymirzayevich Begmatov Nurmirza , Sagdullaev Shamansur , Zhao Bo , Akber Aisa Haji
Published: January 2023

Shawurenine C (1a) and D (1b), a new pair of regioisomeric C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids, and five known C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids (2–6) were isolated from the aerial part of Delphinium shawurense W. T. Wang. The chemical structures of new compounds were established based on spectroscopic analyses: HR‐ESI‐MS, and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of these diterpenoid alkaloids were also evaluated.
Single vs. multiple operators for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: From the PROGRESS‐CTO Registry
Authors: Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Krestyaninov Oleg , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Kirtane Ajay , Ali Ziad , McEntegart Margaret , Masoumi Amirali , Poomipanit Paul , Jaffer Farouc A. , Khatri Jaikirshan , Choi James , Patel Mitul , Koutouzis Michalis , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Gorgulu Sevket , Sheikh Abdul M. , Elbarouni Basem , Jaber Wissam , ElGuindy Ahmed , Yeh Robert , Kostantinis Spyridon , Simsek Bahadir , Rangan Bavana , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Vemmou Evangelia , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Ungi Imre , Rafeh Nidal A. , Goktekin Omer , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Sandoval Yader
Published: January 2023

Background

There is limited data on the impact of a second attending operator on chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed the association between multiple operators (MOs) (>1 attending operator) and procedural outcomes of 9296 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2021 at 37 centers.

Results

CTO PCI was performed by a single operator (SO) in 85% of the cases and by MOs in 15%. Mean patient age was 64.4 ± 10 years and 81% were men. SO cases were more complex with higher Japan‐CTO (2.38 ± 1.29 vs. 2.28 ± 1.20, p = 0.005) and Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention scores (1.13 ± 1.01 vs. 0.97 ± 0.93, p < 0.001) compared with MO cases. Procedural time (131 [87, 181] vs. 112 [72, 167] min, p < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (49 [31, 76] vs. 42 [25, 68] min, p < 0.001), air kerma radiation dose (2.32 vs. 2.10, p < 0.001), and contrast volume (230 vs. 210, p < 0.001) were higher in MO cases. Cases performed by MOs and SO had similar technical (86% vs. 86%, p = 0.9) and procedural success rates (84% vs. 85%, p = 0.7), as well as major adverse complication event rates (MACE 2.17% vs. 2.42%, p = 0.6). On multivariable analyses, MOs were not associated with higher technical success or lower MACE rates.

Conclusion

In a contemporary, multicenter registry, 15% of CTO PCI cases were performed by multiple operators. Despite being more complex, SO cases had lower procedural and fluoroscopy times, and similar technical and procedural success and risk of complications compared with MO cases.
Extended Tripodal Hydrotris(indazol‐1‐yl)borate Ligands as Ruthenium‐Supported Cogwheels for On‐Surface Gearing Motions
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Shi Menghua , Yasuhara Kazuma , Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël
Published: January 2023

This paper reports the synthesis of ruthenium‐based molecular gear prototypes composed of a brominated or non‐brominated pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl ligand as an anchoring unit and a tripodal ligand with aryl‐functionalized indazoles as a rotating cogwheel. Single crystal structures of the ruthenium complexes revealed that the appended aryl groups increase the apparent diameter of the cogwheel rendering them larger than the diameter of the anchoring units and consequently making them suitable for intermolecular gearing motions once the complexes will be adsorbed on a surface.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Masked Terminal Nickel‐Oxide Complex
Authors: Heim Philipp , Spedalotto Giuseppe , Lovisari Marta , Gericke Robert , O'Brien John , Farquhar Erik R. , McDonald Aidan R.
Published: January 2023

In exploring terminal nickel‐oxo complexes, postulated to be the active oxidant in natural and non‐natural oxidation reactions, we report the synthesis of the pseudo‐trigonal bipyramidal NiII complexes (K)[NiII(LPh)(DMF)] (1[DMF]) and (NMe4)2[NiII(LPh)(OAc)] (1[OAc]) (LPh=2,2’,2’’‐nitrilo‐tris‐(N‐phenylacetamide); DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide; −OAc=acetate). Both complexes were characterized using NMR, FTIR, ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography, showing the LPh ligand to bind in a tetradentate fashion, together with an ancillary donor. The reaction of 1[OAc] with peroxyphenyl acetic acid (PPAA) resulted in the formation of [(LPh)NiIII−O−H⋅⋅⋅OAc]2−, 2, that displays many of the characteristics of a terminal Ni=O species. 2 was characterized by UV‐Vis, EPR, and XAS spectroscopies and ESI‐MS. 2 decayed to yield a NiII‐phenolate complex 3 (through aromatic electrophilic substitution) that was characterized by NMR, FTIR, ESI‐MS, and X‐ray crystallography. 2 was capable of hydroxylation of hydrocarbons and epoxidation of olefins, as well as oxygen atom transfer oxidation of phosphines at exceptional rates. While the oxo‐wall remains standing, this complex represents an excellent example of a masked metal‐oxide that displays all of the properties expected of the ever elusive terminal M=O beyond the oxo‐wall.
Zigzag‐Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Benzo[m]tetraphene Precursors
Authors: Yang Bo , Gu Yanwei , Paternò Giuseppe M. , Teyssandier Joan , Maghsoumi Ali , Barker Alex J. , Mali Kunal S. , Scotognella Francesco , De Feyter Steven , Tommasini Matteo , Feng Xinliang , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus
Published: January 2023

A series of zigzag‐edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Z1‐Z3) were synthesized from 2,12‐dibromo‐7,14‐diphenyl‐benzo[m]tetraphene (9) as a versatile building block. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, Raman, and Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as scanning tunneling microscopy. The fingerprint vibrational modes were elucidated with theoretical support. The edge‐ and size‐dependent optical properties were characterized by UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct modulation of the photophysical properties upon π‐extension from Z1 to Z2, the latter having a gulf edge.
A Case Study on the Use of Binding Free Energies to Screen Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II
Authors: Khatua Satyajit , De Bhowmik Tanusri , Taraphder Srabani
Published: January 2023

We present in this article a case study on the thermodynamics of binding to human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) by three well‐known inhibitors, viz. (a) acetazolamide (AZM) that directly binds to the catalytic Zn(II) ion at the active site, (b) non‐zinc binding 6‐hydroxy‐2‐thioxocoumarin (FC5) (c) 2‐[(S)‐benzylsulfinyl]benzoic acid (3G1). In each case, the crystal structure or its analogue of inhibitor‐bound HCA II has been used to perform classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in water till
. AZM and FC5 are found to undergo repeated binding and unbinding with markedly different dynamics from the partially buried, substrate‐binding hydrophobic pocket near the active site. 3G1, on the other hand, is found to remain mostly at its crystallographic binding site occluded from the active site of HCA II. The associated binding free energies (
) have been computed using the known MM/GBSA method and compared to the available experimental data. Our results show that
encounters several issues including limited sampling of multiple binding sites and incorrect prediction of the affinity of the chosen ligands. Possible use of the simulation results in further construction of Markov state models is also discussed.
Phylogenetic assessment of endangered and look‐alike Pigtoe species in a freshwater mussel diversity hotspot
Authors: Olivera‐Hyde Miluska , Jones Jess W. , Hallerman Eric M.
Published: January 2023

The Green River in Kentucky in the eastern United States is a freshwater mussel biodiversity hotspot, with 71 known species. Among them, the endangered Pleurobema plenum coexists with other morphologically similar species in the genera Fusconaia and Pleurobema, known colloquially as “pigtoes.” Identification of species in these genera is challenging even for mussel experts familiar with them. In our study, the correct identification of these species by experts ranged from 57% to 83%. We delineated taxonomic boundaries among seven species and tested for cryptic biodiversity among these look‐alike mussels utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis of combined (1215 bp) mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes showed five well‐diverged groups that included F. flava, F. subrotunda, P. cordatum, and P. plenum as distinct clades, with P. sintoxia and P. rubrum grouped into a single clade. While our mitochondrial DNA analyses did not distinguish P. sintoxia and P. rubrum as phylogenetically distinct species, the typical shell forms of these two nominal taxa are very distinct. Further phylogenetic analysis using nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacer region subunit I (ITS1) DNA sequences also showed that P. sintoxia and P. rubrum were not distinct lineages. No cryptic species were detected in the Fusconaia and Pleurobema samples analyzed from the Green River. The highest haplotype diversity (h), average number of nucleotide differences (k), and nucleotide diversity (π) were observed for F. subrotunda at both the COI (h = 0.896, k = 3.805, π = 0.00808) and ND1 (h = 0.984, k = 6.595, π = 0.00886) markers, with similarly high genetic diversity in the other taxa. Our results give managers confidence that cryptic taxa do not occur within or among these morphologically similar species in the Green River, and populations appear genetically diverse, indicative of large and healthy populations.