bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space Weather Effects from Observations by Moscow University Cubesat Constellation
Authors: Bogomolov Andrey V. , Bogomolov Vitaliy V. , Iyudin Anatoly F. , Eremeev Valery E. , Kalegaev Vladimir V. , Myagkova Irina N. , Osedlo Vladislav I. , Petrov Vasiliy L. , Peretjat’ko Oleg Y. , Prokhorov Mikhail I. , Svertilov Sergey I. , Zaiko Yury K. , Yashin Ivan V. , Prokop’ev Vitaliy Y. , Styuf Aleksey S. , Krasnopeev Sergey V. , Papkov Aleksandr P.
Published: May 2022

Moscow State University is developing a project for a multi-satellite constellation intended for the monitoring of space radiation. A number of small satellites of CubeSat format were launched into selected orbits crossing the wide range of magnetic drift shells. The primary scope for the project is the operational monitoring of near-Earth’s radiation environment, i.e., fluxes of electrons and protons of Earth’s radiation belts and energetic particles of solar and galactic origin. To date, there are four CubeSat satellites operating in near-Earth orbits, which deliver scientific and telemetric data. Thus, for the first time, a unique multi-satellite constellation has been implemented, which makes it possible to simultaneously measure the particle and quantum fluxes at different areas in the near-Earth space using the same type of instruments. A special compact detector of gamma quanta and energetic charged particles (electrons and protons) DeCoR has been developed to carry out radiation monitoring by CubeSats. With their help, observations of various effects of space weather have been made. These effects include a variety of electron fluxes in the outer belt during geomagnetic activity in late November–early December 2021, filling of polar caps by solar energetic particles accelerated in flares occurring in late October–early November, and the existence of stable electron fluxes near the geomagnetic equator.
Neuroinvasion and Neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the K18-hACE2 Mouse
Authors: Seehusen Frauke , Clark Jordan J. , Sharma Parul , Bentley Eleanor G. , Kirby Adam , Subramaniam Krishanthi , Wunderlin-Giuliani Sabina , Hughes Grant L. , Patterson Edward I. , Michael Benedict D. , Owen Andrew , Hiscox Julian A. , Stewart James P. , Kipar Anja
Published: May 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only affects the respiratory tract but also causes neurological symptoms such as loss of smell and taste, headache, fatigue or severe cerebrovascular complications. Using transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and pathomorphological features in the CNS following intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as after prior influenza A virus infection. Apart from Omicron, we found all variants to frequently spread to and within the CNS. Infection was restricted to neurons and appeared to spread from the olfactory bulb mainly in basally oriented regions in the brain and into the spinal cord, independent of ACE2 expression and without evidence of neuronal cell death, axonal damage or demyelination. However, microglial activation, microgliosis and a mild macrophage and T cell dominated inflammatory response was consistently observed, accompanied by apoptotic death of endothelial, microglial and immune cells, without their apparent infection. Microgliosis and immune cell apoptosis indicate a potential role of microglia for pathogenesis and viral effect in COVID-19 and the possible impairment of neurological functions, especially in long COVID. These data may also be informative for the selection of therapeutic candidates and broadly support the investigation of agents with adequate penetration into relevant regions of the CNS.
Molecular Epidemiology of Turkey Coronaviruses in Poland
Authors: Domańska-Blicharz Katarzyna , Lisowska Anna , Opolska Justyna , Pikuła Anna , Sajewicz-Krukowska Joanna
Published: May 2022

The only knowledge of the molecular structure of European turkey coronaviruses (TCoVs) comes from France. These viruses have a quite distinct S gene from North American isolates. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of TCoV strains in a Polish turkey farm during a twelve-year period, between 2008 and 2019, and to characterize their full-length S gene. Out of the 648 flocks tested, 65 (10.0%, 95% CI: 7.9–12.6) were positive for TCoV and 16 of them were molecularly characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains belonged to two clusters, one formed by the early isolates identified at the beginning of the TCoV monitoring (from 2009 to 2010), and the other, which was formed by more recent strains from 2014 to 2019. Our analysis of the changes observed in the deduced amino acids of the S1 protein suggests the existence of three variable regions. Moreover, although the selection pressure analysis showed that the TCoV strains were evolving under negative selection, some sites of the S1 subunit were positively selected, and most of them were located within the proposed variable regions. Our sequence analysis also showed one TCoV strain had recombined with another one in the S1 gene. The presented investigation on the molecular feature of the S gene of TCoVs circulating in the turkey population in Poland contributes interesting data to the current state of knowledge.
Increased Ifng and Il10 Expression Correlate with Disease in Rodent Models Experimentally Infected with Modoc Virus
Authors: Sherman Tyler J. , Petty Douglas , Schountz Tony , Hodges Natasha , Hawkinson Ann C.
Published: May 2022

Flaviviruses present an ongoing threat to global public health, although the factors that contribute to the disease remain incompletely understood. We examined an acute Modoc virus (MODV) infection of two rodent models. Viral RNA was detected in the kidneys, spleen, liver, brain, urine, and sera of experimentally infected deer mice, a reservoir host of MODV, and Syrian hamsters, a known disease model. As expected, clinical outcomes differed between species, and the levels of viral RNA recovered from various tissues demonstrated signs of differential replication and tissue tropism. Multivariate analysis indicated significance in the profile of expressed genes between species when analyzed across tissues and over time (p = 0.02). Between-subject effects with corrected models revealed a significance specific to the expression of Ifng (p = 0.01). the expression of Ifng was elevated in hamsters as compared to deer mice in brain tissues at all timepoints. As the over-expression of Ifng has been shown to correlate with decreased vascular integrity, the findings presented here offer a potential mechanism for viral dissemination into the CNS. The expression of IL10 also differed significantly between species at certain timepoints in brain tissues; however, it is uncertain how increased expression of this cytokine may influence the outcome of MODV-induced pathology.
Mathematical Modelling for Optimal Vaccine Dose Finding: Maximising Efficacy and Minimising Toxicity
Authors: Benest John , Rhodes Sophie , Evans Thomas G. , White Richard G.
Published: May 2022

Vaccination is a key tool to reduce global disease burden. Vaccine dose can affect vaccine efficacy and toxicity. Given the expense of developing vaccines, optimising vaccine dose is essential. Mathematical modelling has been suggested as an approach for optimising vaccine dose by quantitatively establishing the relationships between dose and efficacy/toxicity. In this work, we performed simulation studies to assess the performance of modelling approaches in determining optimal dose. We found that the ability of modelling approaches to determine optimal dose improved with trial size, particularly for studies with at least 30 trial participants, and that, generally, using a peaking or a weighted model-averaging-based dose–efficacy relationship was most effective in finding optimal dose. Most methods of trial dose selection were similarly effective for the purpose of determining optimal dose; however, including modelling to adapt doses during a trial may lead to more trial participants receiving a more optimal dose. Clinical trial dosing around the predicted optimal dose, rather than only at the predicted optimal dose, may improve final dose selection. This work suggests modelling can be used effectively for vaccine dose finding, prompting potential practical applications of these methods in accelerating effective vaccine development and saving lives.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers and Trainees in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yendewa Sahr A. , Ghazzawi Manal , James Peter B. , Smith Mohamed , Massaquoi Samuel P. , Babawo Lawrence S. , Deen Gibrilla F. , Russell James B. W. , Samai Mohamed , Sahr Foday , Lakoh Sulaiman , Salata Robert A. , Yendewa George A.
Published: May 2022

Despite having safe and efficacious vaccines against COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy is widespread. Although a trusted source of information, vaccine hesitancy has been reported among healthcare professionals, yet few studies have explored this phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals in Sierra Leone from January to March 2022. Measures included sociodemographic/health-related information and COVID-19-related concerns. From the responses, we constructed a hesitancy (VAX) score, with higher scores implying negative attitudes or unwillingness to vaccinate. Multivariate linear regression was used to access factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Overall, 592 participants submitted responses (67.2% female, mean age 29 years, 5.6% physicians/pharmacists, 44.3% medical students, 29.2% nurses, 20.9% nursing students). The mean VAX score was 43.27 ± 8.77, with 60.1% of respondents classified as vaccine hesitant (>50th percentile) and 13.8% as highly hesitant (>75th percentile). Worries about unforeseen future effects (76.3%), a preference for natural immunity (59.5%), and profiteering/mistrust of health authorities (53.1%) were the most common concerns. Being a medical student (β = 0.105, p = 0.011) and previously refusing a recommended vaccine (β = 0.177, p < 0.001) were predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Our findings call for addressing vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals as an essential component of strategies aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this setting.
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Multi-Theory-Model (MTM)-Based National Assessment
Authors: Batra Kavita , Sharma Manoj , Dai Chia-Liang , Khubchandani Jagdish
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and the proven benefits of vaccinations outweighing the potential risks, hesitancy to accept vaccines and additional doses remains a persistent problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate hesitancy, confidence, literacy, and the role of the multi-theory model (MTM) constructs in COVID-19 booster uptake. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a 52-item psychometric valid web-based survey conducted during the month of October 2021 to recruit a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the booster hesitant group (n = 209, 41.7%), a significantly larger proportion of respondents were unvaccinated with the primary series (43.5% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), were among 18–44 years age group (51.2% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001), single or never married (33.0% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.04), had lower education with some high school (6.2% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.03), and identified themselves as Republicans (31.6% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.01). The hesitant group had lower mean scores of vaccine literacy, and vaccine confidence, and had 19% lower odds of behavioral confidence than their non-hesitant counterparts (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71–0.92). Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the need of raising public awareness through effective multi-theory-model-based communication campaigns.
Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Adults in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Health Belief Model
Authors: Ao Qun , Egolet Robert Okia , Yin Hui , Cui Fuqiang
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant economic and social impact on Malawi. Promoting vaccination is a key protection measure against COVID-19. Employing the health beliefs model (HBM), this study explores various factors that influence COVID-19 vaccination acceptance (intentions and behavior) among adult residents of Malawi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A field-based survey was conducted among adult residents in Lilongwe, Malawi. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, the Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 758 questionnaires were involved. Respondents aged 18–24 (OR = 5.079, 95% CI 2.303–11.202), 25–34 (OR = 2.723, 95% CI 1.363–5.438), urban residents (OR = 1.915, 95% CI 1.151–3.187), graduates/professionals (OR = 1.193, 95% CI 0.857–1.651), health workers (OR = 4.080, 95% CI 1.387–12.000), perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.787, 95% CI 1.226–2.605), perceived benefit (OR = 2.992, 95% CI 1.851–4.834), and action cues (OR = 2.001, 95% CI 1.285–3.115) were predictors for “acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine”. The health belief model structure can be used as a good predictor of vaccine acceptance, especially “perceived susceptibility,” “perceived benefit,” and “action cues”. Strengthening COVID-19 vaccine education in these areas will be an important future intervention.
The Existence of at Least Three Genomic Signature Patterns and at Least Seven Subtypes of COVID-19 and the End of the Disease
Authors: Zhang Zhengjun
Published: May 2022

Hoping to find genomic clues linked to COVID-19 and end the pandemic has driven scientists’ tremendous efforts to try all kinds of research. Signs of progress have been achieved but are still limited. This paper intends to prove the existence of at least three genomic signature patterns and at least seven subtypes of COVID-19 driven by five critical genes (the smallest subset of genes) using three blood-sampled datasets. These signatures and subtypes provide crucial genomic information in COVID-19 diagnosis (including ICU patients), research focuses, and treatment methods. Unlike existing approaches focused on gene fold-changes and pathways, gene-gene nonlinear and competing interactions are the driving forces in finding the signature patterns and subtypes. Furthermore, the method leads to high accuracy with hospitalized patients, showing biological and mathematical equivalences between COVID-19 status and the signature patterns and a methodological advantage over other methods that cannot lead to high accuracy. As a result, as new biomarkers, the new findings and genomic clues can be much more informative than other findings for interpreting biological mechanisms, developing the second (third) generation of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and treatment methods, and eventually bringing new hopes of an end to the pandemic.
Live Vaccination with Blood-Stage Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL Prevents the Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Imai Takashi , Ngo-Thanh Ha , Suzue Kazutomo , Shimo Aoi , Nakamura Akihiro , Horiuchi Yutaka , Hisaeda Hajime , Murakami Takashi
Published: May 2022

In our work, we aim to develop a malaria vaccine with cross-strain (-species) protection. C57BL/6 mice infected with the P. berghei ANKA strain (PbA) develop experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). In contrast, ECM development is inhibited in infected mice depleted of T cells. The clinical applications of immune-cell depletion are limited due to the benefits of host defense against infectious diseases. Therefore, in the present study we attempted to develop a new method for preventing ECM without immune cell depletion. We demonstrated that mice inoculated with a heterologous live-vaccine of P. yoelii 17XNL were able to prevent both ECM and lung pathology and survived longer than control mice when challenged with PbA. Live vaccination protected blood–organ barriers from PbA infection. Meanwhile, live vaccination conferred sterile protection against homologous challenge with the P. yoelii 17XL virulent strain for the long-term. Analysis of the immune response induced by live vaccination showed that cross-reactive antibodies against PbA antigens were generated. IL-10, which has an immunosuppressive effect, was strongly induced in mice challenged with PbA, unlike the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNγ. These results suggest that the protective effect of heterologous live vaccination against ECM development results from IL-10-mediated host protection.
Prevalence and Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Greek Health Care Workers and Administrative Officers of Primary Health Care Centers: A Nationwide Study Indicating Aspects for a Role Model
Authors: Avakian Ioanna , Anagnostopoulos Lemonia , Rachiotis George , Fotiadis Konstantinos , Mariolis Anargyros , Koureas Michalis , Dadouli Katerina , Papadopoulos Christos , Speletas Matthaios , Bakola Maria , Vardaka Panagiota , Zoubounelli Stamatia , Tatsios Evangelos , Niavi Fevronia , Pouliou Apostolia , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Mouchtouri Varvara A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Τhe study aims to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and to investigate knowledge and perceptions of Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) personnel, who acted as pioneers in the national COVID-19 vaccination strategy. Methods and Materials: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing an online anonymous questionnaire comprising 25 questions during the first semester of 2021. Results: Approximately 85.3% of the 1136 respondents (response rate 28.4%) were vaccinated or intended to be. The acceptance of seasonal flu vaccine (aOR: 3.29, 95%CI: 2.08–5.20), correct COVID-19 vaccine knowledge (aOR: 8.37, 95%CI: 4.81–14.59) and lack of concern regarding vaccine novelty (aOR: 6.18, 95%CI: 3.91–9.77) were positively correlated with vaccine acceptance. Vaccinated respondents were more likely to be physicians (aOR: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.03–5.09) or administrative staff (aOR: 2.65, 95%CI: 1.18–5.97) compared to nursing stuff. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included inadequate information (37.8%) and vaccine safety (31.9%). Vaccine acceptance was strongly correlated (Spearman’s correlation coefficient r = 0.991, p < 0.001) between PHCC personnel and the general population of each health district. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PHCC personnel in Greece was comparably high, but specific groups (nurses) were hesitant. As the survey’s target population could serve as a role model for the community, efforts should be made to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines among Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Galanis Petros , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: May 2022

Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is essential to control the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines are now recommended during pregnancy to prevent adverse outcomes. With this review, we aimed to evaluate the evidence in the literature regarding the uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations among pregnant women. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, and medRxiv from inception to 23 March 2022. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the overall proportion of pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19. We found 11 studies including 703,004 pregnant women. The overall proportion of pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19 was 27.5% (95% CI: 18.8–37.0%). Predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake were older age, ethnicity, race, trust in COVID-19 vaccines, and fear of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Mistrust in the government, diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy, and fears about the safety and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines were reasons for declining vaccination. The global COVID-19 vaccination prevalence in pregnant women is low. A large gap exists in the literature on the factors influencing the decision of pregnant women to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Targeted information campaigns are essential to increase vaccine literacy among pregnant women.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Behavioral Risk Takers
Authors: Becerra Monideepa B. , Becerra Benjamin J.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a major public health issue, with vaccines serving as a vital preventive strategy to lower the global burden. Yet, despite national and local mandates, key sectors of the population continue to demonstrate lower compliance rates. In the United States, young adults have the lowest vaccination rates among the adult population. The goal of our study was to utilize the largest state-health survey to assess the key determinants of such hesitancy in order to create targeted interventions for the most at-risk groups to ensure equitable outcomes in disease prevention. We utilized the latest available California Health Interview Survey, a population-based complex probability survey, to evaluate determinants of vaccine hesitancy among young adults. Survey-weighted descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. All statistical tests used p less than 0.05 to determine statistical significance. A total of 1203 respondents, representative of 4,027,462 young adults (ages 18–25 years) were included in our study. Our primary findings note that 24% of participants reported they would not be willing to take the COVID-19 vaccination. Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was also significantly higher among young adults who were current smokers (including electronic cigarettes), when compared to non-current smokers (36% vs. 22%). Further, the highest prevalence was also noted among young adults who identified as African-American (51%), had a high school degree or less (34%), those who were overweight or obese (28%), and reported a poor health status (22%). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that current smokers, as compared to non-current smokers, had more than double the odds of reporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. African-American young adults or young adults with a high school degree or less were both independently associated with at least a three-fold increase in vaccine hesitancy. Participants with psychological distress, however, were more likely to be accepting of the vaccine. Public health efforts to improve vaccine compliance need targeted efforts, including building trust in the healthcare system for African-Americans and promoting easier access and knowledge of vaccines among those with a high school degree or less, as well as young-adults who are currently smoking, with such efforts targeting behavioral interventions focused on risk aversion.
Disclosing Potential Key Genes, Therapeutic Targets and Agents for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence from Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Mosharaf Md. Parvez , Reza Md. Selim , Gov Esra , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: May 2022

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered as one of the malignant cancers that causes premature death. The present study aimed to identify a few potential novel genes highlighting their functions, pathways, and regulators for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies of NSCLC by using the integrated bioinformatics approaches. At first, we picked out 1943 DEGs between NSCLC and control samples by using the statistical LIMMA approach. Then we selected 11 DEGs (CDK1, EGFR, FYN, UBC, MYC, CCNB1, FOS, RHOB, CDC6, CDC20, and CHEK1) as the hub-DEGs (potential key genes) by the protein–protein interaction network analysis of DEGs. The DEGs and hub-DEGs regulatory network analysis commonly revealed four transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, and NFIC) and five miRNAs (miR-335-5p, miR-26b-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-16-5p) as the key transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of DEGs as well as hub-DEGs. We also disclosed the pathogenetic processes of NSCLC by investigating the biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and KEGG pathways of DEGs. The multivariate survival probability curves based on the expression of hub-DEGs in the SurvExpress web-tool and database showed the significant differences between the low- and high-risk groups, which indicates strong prognostic power of hub-DEGs. Then, we explored top-ranked 5-hub-DEGs-guided repurposable drugs based on the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Out of the selected drugs, we validated six FDA-approved launched drugs (Dinaciclib, Afatinib, Icotinib, Bosutinib, Dasatinib, and TWS-119) by molecular docking interaction analysis with the respective target proteins for the treatment against NSCLC. The detected therapeutic targets and repurposable drugs require further attention by experimental studies to establish them as potential biomarkers for precision medicine in NSCLC treatment.
A Novel Oral Endoscopic Biopsy Procedure to Obtain Rumen Epithelial Samples
Authors: Ramos-Zayas Yareellys , Cantú-Reyes Saúl A. , Tristán-Casas Iris I. , Kawas Jorge R.
Published: May 2022

Most in vivo studies related to ruminal development in calves use invasive techniques involving rumen-fistulated or euthanized animals. In consideration of animal welfare, we developed an oral endoscopic biopsy procedure to allow the obtaining of rumen epithelial samples, thus serving as an alternative for measuring the height and width of rumen papillae in calves in a safe, quick, and efficient manner that allows the slaughtering of calves to be avoided. This procedure was tested on 12 Brangus crossbred calves randomly distributed in two groups, with one fed a meal starter and the other an extruded starter feed. Calves underwent a 12-h fasting period, were restrained in a squeeze chute, administered a dose of atropine, and sedated with xylazine before the oral endoscopic biopsy procedure. A 120 cm long Olympus® oral flexible video endoscope and forceps were used to collect cranial–dorsal sac rumen epithelial tissue samples of approximately 0.5 mm. Endoscopy was successful in all 12 calves and the collected tissue samples were placed in formalin (10%) for further processing for obtaining rumen papillae measurements. Consumption of the extruded starter feed resulted in the increased (p = 0.035) width of rumen papillae. The oral endoscopic biopsy procedure implemented in this study was demonstrated to be successful and is thus an alternative technique for studying rumen epithelial development and morphometric alterations in calf rumen tissue.
Risk Factors for Severe and Fatal Heat-Related Illness in UK Dogs—A VetCompass Study
Authors: Hall Emily J. , Carter Anne J. , Chico Guaduneth , Bradbury Jude , Gentle Louise K. , Barfield Dominic , O’Neill Dan G.
Published: May 2022

Heat-related illness (HRI) is predicted to increase in dogs due to rising global temperatures. This study evaluated retrospective VetCompass veterinary clinical records to explore geographical variability and ambient conditions associated with HRI events in UK dogs, and report the intrinsic (canine) and extrinsic (location, trigger, ambient weather) risk factors for severe disease and fatal outcome in dogs affected by HRI. Dogs living in London had the greatest odds for developing HRI compared with dogs living in the North West (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.31–2.74). The median ambient temperature on days of HRI events was 16.9 °C. For dogs with HRI, age, bodyweight and trigger were risk factors associated with severe disease. Age, skull shape and clinical grade of HRI presentation were associated with a fatal outcome. Whilst the majority of HRI events overall were triggered by exertion, the risk of severe disease was greater in situations where dogs could not escape the heat source (vehicular confinement), and the risk of death in HRI cases was greater for those dogs with reduced capacity to thermoregulate (older and brachycephalic dogs). These results highlight the need for better owner awareness of the factors that increase the risk of severe and fatal HRI, as a first stage in protecting canine welfare in the face of rising global temperatures.
Electric Vehicle Deployment and Integration in the Saudi Electric Power System
Authors: Almohaimeed Sulaiman A.
Published: May 2022

The demand for electricity in Saudi Arabia has grown in the last few years due to the growth in the economy and the population. The country has invested in many solutions such as promoting renewable energy and shifting to generation mix to respond to this growing demand. However, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are used as an important factor in achieving the Saudi Vision 2030 in its environmental and economical parts. This work gives an overview on the Saudi electrical energy system and then investigates the impact EVs technology in the electricity sector in Saudi Arabia and its relevant consequences. A statistical analysis is used to quantify the number of EVs, travelled distance and traffic congestions, and State of Charge (SOC). The data were used to implement a daily load profile for EVs for a large population of vehicles. The obtained results show that the EVs peak loads occur during the late evening and early morning at different means. Interestingly, the work shows that the peak periods of EVs occur during the off-peak times of the daily load curve. This means that a large population of EVs can offer more flexibility and improvement to the electric grid, and the summative EV load of a large population of vehicles has a smooth pattern and will not affect the national electric system.
Study of the Effects of Current Imbalance in a Multiphase Buck Converter for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Reyes-Portillo Iván Alfonso , Claudio-Sanchéz Abraham , Morales-Saldaña Jorge Alberto , Mina-Antonio Jesús Darío , Netzahuatl-Huerta Edgardo Marvel , Claudio-Pachecano Luisana , Ponce-Silva Mario , Reyes-Sánchez Ericka
Published: May 2022

The excessive use of fossil fuels has caused great concern due to modern environmental problems, particularly air pollution. The above situation demands that different areas of research aim at a sustainable movement to reduce CO2 emissions caused by non-renewable organic fuels. A solution to this problem is the use of Electric Vehicles (EV) for mass transportation of people. However, these systems require high-power DC/DC converters capable of handling high current levels and should feature high efficiencies to charge their batteries. For this application, a single-stage converter is not viable for these applications due to the high current stress in a switch, the low power density, and its low efficiency due to higher switching losses. One solution to this problem is Multiphase Converters, which offer high efficiency, high power density, and low current ripple on the battery side. However, these characteristics are affected by the current imbalance in the phases. This paper is focused on the study of the effects of the current imbalance in a Multiphase Buck Converter, used as an intermediate cover between a power supply and the battery of an EV. Analyzing the efficiency and thermal stress parameters in different scenarios of current balance and current imbalance in each phase.
Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Forecasting for Wind Turbine Maintenance Scheduling
Authors: Tawn Rosemary , Browell Jethro , McMillan David
Published: May 2022

Certain wind turbine maintenance tasks require specialist equipment, such as a large crane for heavy lift operations. Equipment hire often has a lead time of several weeks but equipment use is restricted by future weather conditions through wind speed safety limits, necessitating an assessment of future weather conditions. This paper sets out a methodology for producing subseasonal-to-seasonal (up to 6 weeks ahead) forecasts that are site- and task-specific. Forecasts are shown to improve on climatology at all sites, with fair skill out to six weeks for both variability and weather window forecasts. For the case of crane hire, a cost-loss model identifies the range of electricity prices where the hiring decision is sensitive to the forecasts. While there is little difference in the hiring decision made by the proposed forecasts and the climatology benchmark at most electricity prices, the repair cost per turbine is reduced at lower electricity prices.
Health Literacy of COVID-19 and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adolescents and Young Adults in Ireland
Authors: Nearchou Finiki , Flinn Clodagh , French Aine , Hennessy Eilis , Kerin Lorna , Linehan Christine
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an ‘infodemic’, and young people have reported difficulties dealing with COVID-19-related information. The present cross-sectional study aimed to explore health knowledge related to COVID-19 and accessing relevant information as aspects of health literacy in a cohort of adolescents and young adults residing in Ireland. It also aimed to explore COVID-19-related concerns and levels of compliance with precautionary measures. Data were collected from young people (n = 1009) aged 12–25 years old through an online anonymous survey. Our findings highlight that young people possessed sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 transmission routes and adhered to most precautionary measures. Young people believed that they were moderately likely to contract COVID-19 and highly likely to survive COVID-19 should they get infected. However, these patterns seemed to differ between adolescents and young adults as well as between participants living with and without a chronic health condition (CHC). These findings have implications that can inform knowledge on youth health literacy and health-related attitudes that go beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Contextual factors such as country context, age group, gender, and the absence or presence of a CHC are important characteristics to consider when designing public health awareness campaigns targeting a global health crisis.
On improving the methodology of interaction of the Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization with the competent authorities of the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors:   Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,  Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tsarkov Vitaly Viktorovich
Published: May 2022

According to its potential, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO, Organization) belongs to the largest regional multilateral associations of states. On June 7, 2002, in St. Petersburg, the SCO heads of State, following up on the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization adopted earlier in 2001, signed an Agreement on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS). This Agreement fixed the tasks and functions of the RATS, as a permanent body of the Organization, in the status of a fool, to facilitate coordination and interaction of the competent authorities of the Parties in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism. In addition to tasks and functions, the Agreement also defined its structure — in the form of the Council of the SCO RATS, the governing body that makes binding decisions, as well as the Executive Committee of the SCO RATS, a permanent working body that carries out daily work to coordinate interaction. To date, the documents prepared by the RATS on anti-terrorist issues are regularly discussed and highly appreciated and approved by the top leadership of the countries at the Council of Heads of State and the Council of Heads of Government of the SCO member States. As a natural result of the daily, almost twenty years of work, the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, having passed a unique path of formation that has no effective analogues, began to play and occupy a special significant place in the transnational arena in the system of international regional bodies responsible for combating terrorism, separatism and extremism. At the same time, the current dynamics of the development of the situation in the world indicates the persistence of existing threats and the emergence of new security challenges. New challenges and threats, including those fueled by third-party geopolitical factors for the region, are not always obvious and obvious, and the search for tools and the development of techniques to fend them off remain labor- and resource-intensive. In these conditions, an asymmetric response is required, which will reduce the time and save energy for a response. The reserve of such optimization, in our opinion, is seen in a certain adjustment of the accepted methodology of interaction (methods of organization and construction of activities) The SCO RATS Executive Committee with the competent authorities of the Organization's member States by assigning it a number of new tasks.
Tools for forming an objective image of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Academy of modern etiquette and cross-cultural communications, specialist of Public Relations as Part of International Relations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Iarovaia Irina
Published: May 2022

Тhe purpose of this article is to analyze the tools that the Russian Federation implements to form a positive image in the era of coronavirus infection. As a result, the following tasks were set: to identify Russia's tools for creating a favorable image during the epidemic; to analyze how the tools identified by the author can further affect Russia's image within the world community. In the interests of solving these tasks, the author considers such actions of the Russian Federation as humanitarian assistance to other countries from the point of view of tools for forming an adequate image of the state in the international arena. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time comprehensive measures of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation to promote a positive state image at the present stage were considered.
Global trends in the development and regulation of e-commerce
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Krasilnikova E.A. , Mayorova E.A. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Cheglov V.P. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the development of e-commerce in the world as a whole and in each country in particular. Economic indicators for assessing such development form double-digit growth rates. The analysis of trends in the development of e-commerce determines the assessment of the directions and methods of its regulation.
MOTIVASI MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS PELITA HARAPAN TENTANG KEPUTUSAN MENJADI SUKARELAWAN COVID-19
Authors: Houghty Grace Solely , Pangkey Ballsy C. A. , Tompunu Marianna Rebecca Gadis
Published: May 2022

The Ministry of Education and Culture (Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan) invites final year students in health faculties to volunteer during the Covid-19 pandemic. The number of students in the nursing study program was 1084, and those who registered as volunteers were 174 (16.5%). As a humanitarian professional nurse, there should be many nursing students who have the motivation to volunteer and decide to volunteer. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher is interested in identifying student motivation regarding volunteering at the Pelita Harapan University Nursing Study Program. The research design used a cross-sectional survey research design. The instrument used was a functional model questionnaire from Clary translated by the back-translation method and tested for validity and reliability. The population was 174 nursing study program students who are volunteers. This sampling type is a total sampling of 137 students participating in the study with a response rate of 78.7%. The results showed that the motivation of students for volunteering is high. The highest motivation is in the protective component 78 people (56.93%). The majority of students stated that the motivation of the protective functional model, values, career (carrier), social (social), understanding (understanding), and improvement (enhancement) is in the very important range, very important, and important.
EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
Authors: Nababan Tiarnida
Published: May 2022

Deep breathing relaxation therapy can reduce blood pressure both systolic and diastolic pressure. Relaxation therapy diaphragm breathing techniques are very well done every day by people with high blood pressure to help relax blood vessel muscles so that the elasticity of the arteries that help lower blood pressure can be maintained. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of breath therapy in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan. This is a quasi-expression research with cross sectional research design. The research populations were the average number of hypertensive patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan in consisting of 73 people. The 22 samples were drawn using the accidental sampling technique. The results of the study on blood pressure variables before respiratory therapy showed that 15 people (68.2%) had normal blood pressure. Variable blood pressure after therapy breath in revealed that 15 people (68.2%) in normal condition were of 1 people (4.5%) and on weight was 6 people (27.3%). The results of the t test Test with a correlation of 0.001 or 0.1% with a significance value of 0.1% <5%, means that there is effects of deep breath therapy on decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The respondents are expected to apply breath therapy in well and regularly every day so that there is a drop in blood pressure to the normal level in hypertensive patients.
De Caboclo e poesia
Authors: Fonteles Bené
Published: May 2022

De Caboclo e poesia
Leitura expandida: caminhos para a promoção global da língua portuguesa
Authors: Manzoni Francis Márcio Alves , Sayeg-Siqueira João Hilton
Published: May 2022

Este artigo visa tecer reflexões acerca de procedimentos viáveis para uma melhor integração entre aqueles que têm, de forma direta ou indireta, conhecimento e interesse em consolidar, divulgar e/ou aprofundar a circulação de materiais didáticos pedagógicos, literários, audiovisuais, fonográficos e conteúdos digitais pelas localidades em que a língua portuguesa é reconhecida como língua materna, é adotada como língua oficial ou é mantida por interesses comunitários ou individuais. Para tanto, toma-se, como ponto de partida, procedimentos de leitura, contato, talvez primeiro, mas seguro, com material estável e de fácil circulação, proporcionado por textos impressos na modalidade escrita.
(Des)lembrar-se e(m) gestos OU A menina...
Authors: Andrade Elenise Cristina Pires de
Published: May 2022

Como pode uma menina ainda esquecida (se) des-lembrar numa escrita a ser apresentada como memorial na banca de promoção de carreira para professora plena na Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana em 2019? De São Paulo à Bahia e(m) pesquisas, nos últimos 12 anos, a proporcionarem uma multiplicação de sentidos atra-versando imagens, focadamente fotografias, borrando a fixidez da apresentação, do registro e da veracidade de uma política da representação através de vivências de um cotidiano. Explorações e invenções de deslugares a partir do conceito de signo e diagrama, junto a Gilles Deleuze, às ruas, aos grafites, às expressões, às sensações, aos gestos mínimos. Com forte ênfase após o retorno do pós-doutorado na Universidade do Porto, mulheres me habitam (des)estabilizando e esvaziando as unidades do si/self, enquanto espalho (a mim, as aulas, as escritas e(m) pesquisas) por outros conceitos e metodologias que remexem estudos principalmente focados na cartografia e nas questões interseccionais atreladas às questões de gênero e etnias.
Seres, coisas e desimportâncias: pra inventar de novo a vida que é função principal da poesia
Authors: Costa Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales , Romaguera Alda Regina Tognini , Hora Carolina Laureto , Novaes Marcus Pereira
Published: May 2022

Seres, coisas e desimportâncias: pra inventar de novo a vida que é função principal da poesia
ÖZEL OKUL ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN İŞ GÜVENCESİ İHTİYACI
Authors: ARICI Kadir
Published: May 2022

Özel okullarda öğretmenler, iş sözleşmesi ile istihdam edilirler. İş sözleşmesinin türü 5580 sayılı kanundaki düzenleme sebebiyle tartışmalara yol açmıştır. Doktrinde ve yargı içtihatlarındaki farklı görüşler Yargıtay İçtihadı Birleştirme Kurulu’nun, iş sözleşmesinin türünün “Belirli süreli iş sözleşmesi” olduğuna ilişkin kararı ile sona ermiştir. İçtihadı Birleştirme Kurulu Kararı, özel okul öğretmenlerinin iş sözleşmesinin türü ile ilgili tartışmaları sona erdirmiş; ancak özel okul öğretmenlerini feshe karşı korunma başta olmak üzere İş Kanunu ile tanınan bazı haklardan da mahrum bırakmıştır. Bu makalede özel okul öğretmenlerinin feshe karşı korunmadan mahrum bırakılmasının sonuçları ve feshe karşı korunma ihtiyacı ele alınmış; feshe karşı korunma ihtiyacının nasıl karşılanacağına ilişkin görüşlerimiz açıklanmıştır.
YARALAMALI TRAFİK KAZALARINDA CEZA MUHAKEMESİ KANUNUNA GÖRE SAĞLANAN UZLAŞMANIN SİGORTA TAZMİNATI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: KAYA Mustafa İsmail , TATLI Burçak
Published: May 2022

Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu m. 253/19, uzlaşmanın sağlanması halinde, soruşturma konusu suç nedeniyle tazminat davası açılamaz; açılmış olan davadan feragat edilmiş sayılır hükmünü içermektedir. Ancak ceza yargılamasını ilgilendiren bir kanunda yapılan bu düzenleme sadece ceza davasına ilişkin anlaşmazlıkları değil, aynı zamanda hukuk davalarını da doğrudan etkilemektedir. Esasında bu hüküm ile suçtan zarar gören ile suçun faili arasında yapılacak uzlaşma ile suçtan zarar görenin zararının giderilmesi, sosyal barışın korunması ve mahkemelerin iş yükünün hafifletilmesi amaçlanmakta iken, hükmün katı uygulanması halinde hakkaniyete aykırı sonuçlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu düzenlemenin Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda yapılmış olması nedeniyle, uzlaştırma yapılmasındaki önceliğin, cezai ihtilafı sona erdirmek yönünde olması gerekmektedir. Uzlaşmanın hukuki sorumluluk alanındaki etkisinin cezai sorumluluğu olan kişi/kişiler ile sınırlı olması ve sadece bunların hukuki sorumluluğunu sona erdirmesi gerekirken, hukuki sorumluluğu olan diğer müteselsil sorumlular bakımından aynı sonuca varılmaktadır. Özellikle, Karayolları Trafik Kanunu m. 111/2 hükmü ve tazminata dair kesinleşen mahkeme kararından sonra maluliyet oranının artması nedeniyle yeniden ödeme yapılmasının talep edilmesinin mümkün olduğuna ilişkin yerleşik Yargıtay kararları dikkate alınarak yapılacak bir değerlendirme, bu sonuca ulaşılmasını sağlamaktadır.