bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglia Enhance Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in the Early Postnatal Subventricular Zone
Authors: Shigemoto-Mogami Yukari , Hoshikawa Kazue , Goldman James E. , Sekino Yuko , Sato Kaoru
Published: February 2014

Although microglia have long been considered as brain resident immune cells, increasing evidence suggests that they also have physiological roles in the development of the normal CNS. In this study, we found large numbers of activated microglia in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) of the rat from P1 to P10. Pharmacological suppression of the activation, which produces a decrease in levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) significantly inhibited neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in the SVZ.In vitroneurosphere assays reproduced the enhancement of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis by activated microglia and showed that the cytokines revealed the effects complementarily. These results suggest that activated microglia accumulate in the early postnatal SVZ and that they enhance neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis via released cytokines.
Semantic Control of Feature Extraction from Natural Scenes
Authors: Neri Peter
Published: February 2014

In the early stages of image analysis, visual cortex represents scenes as spatially organized maps of locally defined features (e.g., edge orientation). As image reconstruction unfolds and features are assembled into larger constructs, cortex attempts to recover semantic content for object recognition. It is conceivable that higher level representations may feed back onto early processes and retune their properties to align with the semantic structure projected by the scene; however, there is no clear evidence to either support or discard the applicability of this notion to the human visual system. Obtaining such evidence is challenging because low and higher level processes must be probed simultaneously within the same experimental paradigm. We developed a methodology that targets both levels of analysis by embedding low-level probes within natural scenes. Human observers were required to discriminate probe orientation while semantic interpretation of the scene was selectively disrupted via stimulus inversion or reversed playback. We characterized the orientation tuning properties of the perceptual process supporting probe discrimination; tuning was substantially reshaped by semantic manipulation, demonstrating that low-level feature detectors operate under partial control from higher level modules. The manner in which such control was exerted may be interpreted as a top-down predictive strategy whereby global semantic content guides and refines local image reconstruction. We exploit the novel information gained from data to develop mechanistic accounts of unexplained phenomena such as the classic face inversion effect.
Abnormal Intracellular Calcium Signaling and SNARE-Dependent Exocytosis Contributes to SOD1G93A Astrocyte-Mediated Toxicity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Kawamata Hibiki , Ng Seng Kah , Diaz Natalia , Burstein Suzanne , Morel Lydie , Osgood Alexandra , Sider Brittany , Higashimori Haruki , Haydon Philip G. , Manfredi Giovanni , Yang Yongjie
Published: February 2014

Motor neurons are progressively and predominantly degenerated in ALS, which is not only induced by multiple intrinsic pathways but also significantly influenced by the neighboring glial cells. In particular, astrocytes derived from the SOD1 mutant mouse model of ALS or from human familial or sporadic ALS patient brain tissue directly induce motor neuron death in culture; however, the mechanisms of pathological astroglial secretion remain unclear. Here we investigated abnormal calcium homeostasis and altered exocytosis in SOD1G93A astrocytes. We found that purinergic stimulation induces excess calcium release from the ER stores in SOD1G93A astrocytes, which results from the abnormal ER calcium accumulation and is independent of clearance mechanisms. Furthermore, pharmacological studies suggested that store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), a calcium refilling mechanism responsive to ER calcium depletion, is enhanced in SOD1G93A astrocytes. We found that oxidant-induced increased S-glutathionylation and calcium-independent puncta formation of the ER calcium sensor STIM1 underlies the abnormal SOCE response in SOD1G93A astrocytes. Enhanced SOCE contributes to ER calcium overload in SOD1G93A astrocytes and excess calcium release from the ER during ATP stimulation. In addition, ER calcium release induces elevated ATP release from SOD1G93A astrocytes, which can be inhibited by the overexpression of dominant-negative SNARE. Selective inhibition of exocytosis in SOD1G93A astrocytes significantly prevents astrocyte-mediated toxicity to motor neurons and delays disease onset in SOD1G93A mice. Our results characterize a novel mechanism responsible for calcium dysregulation in SOD1G93A astrocytes and provide the firstin vivoevidence that astrocyte exocytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS.
Genetic Activation of ERK5 MAP Kinase Enhances Adult Neurogenesis and Extends Hippocampus-Dependent Long-Term Memory
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Pan Yung-Wei , Zou Junhui , Li Tan , Abel Glen M. , Palmiter Richard D. , Storm Daniel R. , Xia Zhengui
Published: February 2014

Recent studies have shown that inhibition of adult neurogenesis impairs the formation of hippocampus-dependent memory. However, it is not known whether increasing adult neurogenesis affects the persistence of hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. Furthermore, signaling mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis are not fully defined. We recently reported that the conditional and targeted knock-out of ERK5 MAP kinase in adult neurogenic regions of the mouse brain attenuates adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and disrupts several forms of hippocampus-dependent memory. Here, we developed a gain-of-function knock-in mouse model to specifically activate endogenous ERK5 in the neurogenic regions of the adult brain. We report that the selective and targeted activation of ERK5 increases adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by enhancing cell survival, neuronal differentiation, and dendritic complexity. Conditional ERK5 activation also improves the performance of challenging forms of spatial learning and memory and extends hippocampus-dependent long-term memory. We conclude that enhancing signal transduction of a single signaling pathway within adult neural stem/progenitor cells is sufficient to increase adult neurogenesis and improve the persistence of hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, activation of ERK5 may provide a novel therapeutic target to improve long-term memory.
Excitability of Type II Cochlear Afferents
Authors: Weisz Catherine J. C. , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Fuchs Paul Albert
Published: February 2014

Two types of sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea signal through anatomically distinct populations of spiral ganglion afferent neurons. The solitary inner hair cell ribbon synapse uses multivesicular release to trigger action potentials that encode acoustic timing, intensity, and frequency in each type I afferent. In contrast, cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) have a far weaker effect on their postsynaptic targets, the type II spiral ganglion afferents. OHCs typically release single vesicles with low probability so that extensive summation is required to reach the relatively high action potential initiation threshold. These stark differences in synaptic transfer call into question whether type II neurons contribute to the cognitive perception of sound. Given the sparse and weak synaptic inputs from OHCs, the electrical properties of type II afferents are crucial in determining whether synaptic responses can sum to evoke an action potential to convey information to the cochlear nucleus. In the present work, dual-electrode recordings determined that type II afferents of rats have length constants that exceed the length of the distal, spiral process, enabling spatial summation from widespread OHCs. Focal application of tetrodotoxin localized the spike initiation zone to the type II proximal, radial process, near the spiral ganglion, in agreement with the high voltage threshold measured in the spiral process. These measured membrane properties were incorporated into a compartmental model of the type II neuron to demonstrate that neurotransmitter release from at least six OHCs is required to trigger an action potential in a type II neuron.
Tuning to Odor Solubility and Sorption Pattern in Olfactory Epithelial Responses
Authors: Scott John W. , Sherrill Lisa , Jiang Jianbo , Zhao Kai
Published: February 2014

Odor information is first represented as a spatial activation pattern across the olfactory epithelium, when odor is drawn into the nose through breathing. This epithelial pattern likely results from both the intrinsic olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) sensitivity and the sorptive patterns imposed by the interaction of nasal aerodynamics with physiochemical properties of odorants, although the precise contributions of each are ill defined. Here, we used a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of rat nasal cavity to simulate the nasal aerodynamics and sorption patterns for a large number of odorants, and compared the results with the spatial neural activities measured by electro-olfactogram (EOG) under same flow conditions. The computational and experimental results both indicate greater sorption and response to a narrow range odorants as a function of their mucosal solubility, and this range can be further modulated by changes of intranasal flow rates and direction (orthonasal vs retronasal flow). A striking finding is that the profile of intrinsic EOG response measured in surgically opened nose without airflow constraints is similar to the shape of the sorption profile imposed by nasal airflow, strongly indicating a tuning process. As validation, combining the intrinsic response with the mucosal concentration estimated by CFD in nonlinear regression successfully accounts for the measured retronasal and orthonasal EOG response at all flow rates and positions. These observations redefine the role of sorption properties in olfaction and suggest that the peripheral olfactory system, especially the central zone, may be strategically arranged spatially to optimize its functionality, depending on the incoming stimuli.
gitter: A Robust and Accurate Method for Quantification of Colony Sizes From Plate Images
Authors: Wagih Omar , Parts Leopold
Published: February 2014

Colony-based screens that quantify the fitness of clonal populations on solid agar plates are perhaps the most important source of genome-scale functional information in microorganisms. The images of ordered arrays of mutants produced by such experiments can be difficult to process because of laboratory-specific plate features, morphed colonies, plate edges, noise, and other artifacts. Most of the tools developed to address this problem are optimized to handle a single setup and do not work out of the box in other settings. We present gitter, an image analysis tool for robust and accurate processing of images from colony-based screens. gitter works by first finding the grid of colonies from a preprocessed image and then locating the bounds of each colony separately. We show that gitter produces comparable colony sizes to other tools in simple cases but outperforms them by being able to handle a wider variety of screens and more accurately quantify colony sizes from difficult images. gitter is freely available as an R package from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/gitter under the LGPL. Tutorials and demos can be found at http://omarwagih.github.io/gitter
Biparental Resequencing Coupled With SNP Genotyping of a Segregating Population Offers Insights Into the Landscape of Recombination and Fixed Genomic Regions in Elite Soybean
Authors: Li Ying-hui , Liu Yu-lin , Reif Jochen C , Liu Zhang-xiong , Liu Bo , Mette Michael F , Chang Ru-zhen , Qiu Li-juan
Published: February 2014

Identification of genes underlying agronomic traits is dependent on the segregation of quantitative trait loci (QTL). A popular hypothesis is that elite lines are becoming increasingly similar to each other, resulting in large genomic regions with fixed genes. Here, we resequenced two parental modern elite soybean lines [ZhongHuang13 (ZH) and ZhongPin03-5373 (ZP)] and discovered 794,876 SNPs with reference to the published Williams82 genome. SNPs were distributed unevenly across the chromosomes, with 87.1% of SNPs clustering in 4.9% of the soybean reference genome. Most of the regions with a high density of SNP polymorphisms were located in the chromosome arms. Moreover, seven large regions that were highly similar between parental lines were identified. A GoldenGate SNP genotyping array was designed using 384 SNPs and the 254 recombinant inbred lines (F8) derived from the cross of ZP × ZH were genotyped. We constructed a genetic linkage map using a total of 485 molecular markers, including 313 SNPs from the array, 167 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 4 expressed sequence tag–derived SSRs, and 1 insertion/deletion marker. The total length of the genetic map was 2594.34 cM, with an average marker spacing of 5.58 cM. Comparing physical and genetic distances, we found 20 hotspot and 14 coldspot regions of recombination. Our results suggest that the technology of resequencing of parental lines coupled with high-throughput SNP genotyping could efficiently bridge the genotyping gap and provide deep insights into the landscape of recombination and fixed genomic regions in biparental segregating populations of soybean with implications for fine mapping of QTL.
MicroRNA Regulation of Bovine Monocyte Inflammatory and Metabolic Networks in anIn VivoInfection Model
Authors: Lawless Nathan , Reinhardt Timothy A , Bryan Kenneth , Baker Mike , Pesch Bruce , Zimmerman Duane , Zuelke Kurt , Sonstegard Tad , O’Farrelly Cliona , Lippolis John D , Lynn David J
Published: February 2014

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation-driven disease of the bovine mammary gland that costs the global dairy industry several billion dollars per year. Because disease susceptibility is a multifactorial complex phenotype, an integrative biology approach is required to dissect the molecular networks involved. Here, we report such an approach using next-generation sequencing combined with advanced network and pathway biology methods to simultaneously profile mRNA and miRNA expression at multiple time points (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr) in milk and blood FACS-isolated CD14+ monocytes from animals infected in vivo with Streptococcus uberis. More than 3700 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in milk-isolated monocytes (MIMs), a key immune cell recruited to the site of infection during mastitis. Upregulated genes were significantly enriched for inflammatory pathways, whereas downregulated genes were enriched for nonglycolytic metabolic pathways. Monocyte transcriptional changes in the blood, however, were more subtle but highlighted the impact of this infection systemically. Genes upregulated in blood-isolated monocytes (BIMs) showed a significant association with interferon and chemokine signaling. Furthermore, 26 miRNAs were DE in MIMs and three were DE in BIMs. Pathway analysis revealed that predicted targets of downregulated miRNAs were highly enriched for roles in innate immunity (FDR < 3.4E−8), particularly TLR signaling, whereas upregulated miRNAs preferentially targeted genes involved in metabolism. We conclude that during S. uberis infection miRNAs are key amplifiers of monocyte inflammatory response networks and repressors of several metabolic pathways.
Template Switching During Break-Induced Replication Is Promoted by the Mph1 Helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Štafa Anamarija , Donnianni Roberto A , Timashev Leonid A , Lam Alicia F , Symington Lorraine S
Published: February 2014

Chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) that have only one end with homology to a donor duplex undergo repair by strand invasion followed by replication to the chromosome terminus (break-induced replication, BIR). Using a transformation-based assay system, it was previously shown that BIR could occur by several rounds of strand invasion, DNA synthesis, and dissociation. Here we describe a modification of the transformation-based assay to facilitate detection of switching between donor templates during BIR by genetic selection in diploid yeast. In addition to the expected recovery of template switch products, we found a high frequency of recombination between chromosome homologs during BIR, suggesting transfer of the DSB from the transforming linear DNA to the donor chromosome, initiating secondary recombination events. The frequency of BIR increased in the mph1Δ mutant, but the percentage of template switch events was significantly decreased, revealing an important role for Mph1 in promoting BIR-associated template switching. In addition, we show that the Mus81, Rad1, and Yen1 structure-selective nucleases act redundantly to facilitate BIR.
Preparation of Porous B-type Carbonate Apatite with Different Carbonate Contents for an Artificial Bone Substitute
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Yoshioka Tomohiko , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Tanaka Junzo
Published: February 2014

B-type carbonate apatite (B-CAp) powders were prepared by a wet method using Ca(OH)2 suspension and H3PO4 solution including NaHCO3 as a carbonate source, and porous B-CAp ceramics with two different amounts of carbonate contents were fabricated by sintering freeze-dried mixtures of the powders and gelatin composite. The porous B-CAp ceramics prepared had three-dimensionally interconnected pores. The sinterability of B-CAp ceramics was dependent on the chemical composition, especially sodium content and vacancy of OH site, and the carbonate contents did not directly influence the dissolution rate of porous B-CAp ceramics.
Metal-Semiconductor-Insulator-Metal Structure Field-Effect Transistors Based on Zinc Oxides and Doped Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Jia Ze , Xu Jianlong , Wu Xiao , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Naiwen , Liu Jizhi , Liu Zhiwei , Liou Juin J.
Published: February 2014

Different ferroelectric thin films and their related Metal-Semiconductor-Insulator-Metal (MSIM) structures include zinc oxide (ZnO) are studied, which can be utilized in back-gated ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FETs). The most ideal zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film prepared by sol-gel method are obtained under the pyrolysis temperature of 400°C and the annealing temperature of 600°C. The asymmetric or symmetric current-voltage characteristics of the heterostructures with ZnO are exhibited depending on different ferroelectric materials in them. The curves of drain current versus gate voltage for MSIM-structure FETs are investigated, in which obvious counterclockwise loops and a drain current switching ratio up to two orders of magnitude ate observed due to the modulation effect of remnant polarization on the channel resistance. The results also indicate the positive influences of impurity atom substitution in bismuth ferrite thin film for the MSIM-structure FETs.
VLS Growth of Position-controlled InP Nanowires and Formation of Radial Heterostructures on Mask-patterned InP Substrates
Authors: Kawaguchi Kenichi , Sudo Hisao , Matsuda Manabu , Ekawa Mitsuru , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Arakawa Yasuhiko
Published: February 2014

Position-controlled InP nanowires (NWs) with separations of 10-100 μm were grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method using Au-deposited SiO2-mask-patterned InP substrates. Excess indium species diffused from the large mask region formed plural tilted NW-like structures from single openings in addition to the vertical VLS NWs formed by Au catalyst. The introduction of HCl gas during the NW growth was found to efficiently suppress the tilted NW-like structures. Vertical InP NWs without anomalous growth were successfully formed by controlling the HCl flow rate. Moreover, single InP/InAsP/InP quantum wells (QWs) with wurtzite crystal phase structure were epitaxially grown on the sidewall of the position-controlled InP NWs, and two-dimensional arrayed patterns of photoluminescence (PL) coming from the radial QWs were clearly observed in the 1.3-μm wavelength region at room temperature.
Auditoria em fisioterapia no Sistema Único de Saúde: proposta de um protocolo específico
Authors: Aleluia Ítalo Ricardo Santos , Santos Fabiane Costa
Published: February 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A auditoria no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) zela pela eficácia, eficiência e efetividade dos serviços que integram o sistema. Nos serviços de fisioterapia, as auditorias têm sido desempenhadas por profissionais sem os conhecimentos técnicos da área e inexistem protocolos de auditoria em fisioterapia específicos para o SUS, o que tem representado um entrave para a especificidade e qualidade das auditorias fisioterapêuticas realizadas. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo de protocolo específico de auditoria fisioterapêutica para os serviços públicos de fisioterapia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória por meio do levantamento de artigos publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e portal Latin Science, além de documentos eletrônicos do Ministério da Saúde, Coffito e Associação Portuguesa de Fisioterapeutas, entre outros, entre 1991 a 2012. Respeitando as informações colhidas, o protocolo construído contempla uma auditoria sistemática e global sobre os mais variados aspectos dos serviços de fisioterapia em suas dimensões normativas, estruturais, processuais, bem como de resultados. RESULTADOS: Espera-se que o protocolo construído possa contribuir para aumentar a eficiência e acurácia da auditoria em fisioterapia no SUS, de modo que isso se traduza em melhorias na qualidade dos serviços prestados aos usuários.
Força muscular isocinética dos extensores do joelho em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson
Authors: Borges Elisa Dornelas , Silva Michel Santos , Bottaro Martim , Lima Ricardo Moreno , Allam Nasser , Oliveira Ricardo Jacó de
Published: February 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar do tremor, bradicinesia e rigidez serem os sintomas motores clássicos da doença de Parkinson (DP), a fraqueza muscular também tem sido apontada como um dos mais importantes sintomas motores associados a essa doença, porém, essa condição ainda é pouco estudada e os resultados são inconsistentes. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo teve o propósito de comparar a força muscular do quadríceps entre indivíduos portadores de DP e indivíduos neurologicamente saudáveis pareados por idade e gênero. Foi comparada também a força muscular do membro mais acometido e menos acometido pela doença. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 26 voluntários, 13 do grupo Parkinson (GP: 64,08 ± 6,87 anos; 73,82 ± 13,03 Kg; 1,66 ± 0,07m;) e 13 do grupo controle (GC: 62,73 ± 6,42 anos; 79,46 ± 11,40 kg; 1,71 ± 0,07 m). Foi mensurado o pico de torque (PT) dos extensores do joelho por meio da dinamometria isocinética, na velocidade de 90º.s-1. Foi utilizado o teste t para comparar as médias intra e entre os grupos (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: O PT absoluto foi significativamente menor no GP (119,29 ± 40,06 N.m) quando comparado ao GC (145,15 ± 20,05 N.m). Entre os indivíduos com DP, foram encontrados valores significativamente inferiores de força muscular do membro mais acometido quando comparado com o menos acometido (119,29± 40,06 N.m vs. 128,86 ± 35,56 N.m; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que portadores da DP apresentam reduzido PT isocinético dos extensores do joelho, sendo esses achados exacerbados no membro mais acometido pela doença.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida e do tratamento fisioterapêutico em pacientes com cervicalgia crônica
Authors: Borges Marisa de Carvalho , Borges Cláudia dos Santos , Silva Ana Graziela Jordão , Castellano Lúcio Roberto Cançado , Cardoso Fabrizio Antônio Gomide
Published: February 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Para analisar a efetividade do tratamento fisioterapêutico no paciente com dor crônica cervical, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar antes e após o tratamento fisioterapêutico: a qualidade de vida com o instrumento WHOQOL-100 e a melhora na amplitude de movimento usando um goniômetro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 15 pacientes (10 mulheres e 5 homens). O nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foi verificada melhora significativa após o tratamento fisioterapêutico no domínio I - físico (p = 0,0117); domínio II - psicológico (p = 0,004); domínio III - nível de independência (p = 0,0006); domínio IV - relações sociais (p < 0,0001); e no domínio V - ambiente (p = 0,0019); e também na amplitude articular dos movimentos de flexão cervical (p < 0,0001), extensão cervical (p = 0,0004), inclinação lateral á direita (p < 0,0001) inclinação lateral à esquerda (p < 0,0001), rotação lateral à direita (p < 0,0001) e rotação lateral à esquerda (p < 0,0001). DISCUSSÃO: Andersen et al. (17) relataram que exercícios de alongamento melhoram de forma significativa a amplitude de movimento articular em mulheres com cervicalgia crônica. Chiu et al. (20) observaram melhora na dor crônica cervical e na limitação articular após seis semanas de tratamento com TENS e exercícios. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo conclui que a intervenção fisioterapêutica composta de exercícios de alongamento, técnicas de relaxamento, massagens e eletroterapia foram benéficos para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a flexibilidade nos pacientes com cervicalgia crônica.
Phosphorus fractions in the vineyard soil of the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Schmitt Djalma E. , Gatiboni Luciano C. , Girotto Eduardo , Lorensini Felipe , Melo George W. B. , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: February 2014

The study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of P fractions in a vineyard soil profile with successive applications of phosphate fertilizers. In January 2010 an area was selected of native forest and a vineyard at age 33 with a history of phosphate fertilizer application, in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul state. Soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm layers, prepared and submitted to chemical fractionation of P. The excessive application of phosphate fertilizers during 33 years in the vineyard soil increased the levels of organic and inorganic P until the 20 cm layer in all P fractions. The highest levels of P in the vineyard soil were found mainly in the labile fractions extracted with anion exchange resin and NaHCO3, which indicates high nutrient availability to plants, but also indicates the potential of transfer of solution from soil to surface run-off or percolated through the soil profile, which represents greater potential for contamination of surface and subsurface waters.
Variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos do solo, associada ao microrrelevo
Authors: Artur Adriana G. , Oliveira Daniel P. , Costa Mirian C. G. , Romero Ricardo E. , Silva Marcus V. C. , Ferreira Tiago O.
Published: February 2014

A variabilidade dos atributos químicos do solo é influenciada por complexas interações entre os fatores e os processos de formação do solo. Este trabalho partiu da hipótese de que os atributos químicos do solo variam com o microrrelevo a ponto de alterar as recomendações de manejo para uso agrícola. Com isto, o relevo foi separado em compartimentos e as superfícies estudadas com o objetivo de se determinar os atributos químicos do solo, avaliar a distribuição e a dependência espacial desses atributos. A grade amostral compreendeu uma área de 102 ha da Fazenda Agrícola Famosa, localizada na Chapada do Apodi, CE. O solo da área apresenta origem calcária e as amostras foram coletadas em 92 pontos distanciados 200 m na linha e 100 m entre linhas, nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Com os dados, gerou-se um modelo de elevação do terreno e, com base nas formas de relevo identificadas, dividiu-se o local de estudo em superfícies. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e análise de variabilidade espacial, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas e mapas de krigagem. Os atributos químicos do solo apresentaram variabilidade espacial nos microrrelevos convexo, retilíneo e côncavo, intensificada pelo fluxo de água nas profundidades.
Desenvolvimento inicial de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em Latossolo submetidas a níveis de compactação do solo
Authors: Fagundes Eliane A. A. , Silva Tonny J. A. da , Bonfim-Silva Edna M.
Published: February 2014

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB002504, RB867515 e RB931011) em cinco níveis de densidade do solo (1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m-3). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, com delineamento de blocos casualizados composto de esquema fatorial 3 x 5 correspondente a 3 variedades e 5 níveis de compactação e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: número de perfilhos, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca das folhas, comprimento de colmos, massa seca de colmos e altura de planta. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste F para comparação das médias, ao teste de Tukey a 0,05 de probabilidade para as variedades e regressão polinominal para densidades. Conclui-se que a variedade RB002504 apresenta bom perfilhamento, mas não apresenta bom desenvolvimento de colmos. A variedade RB867515 apresenta bom desenvolvimento de área foliar mostrando boa adaptação ao solo estudado e a variedade RB931011 se destaca na parte aérea e no desenvolvimento de colmos.
Estimativa da produção de sedimentos em função da mudança de uso e cobertura do solo
Authors: Galharte Caroline A. , Villela João M. , Crestana Silvio
Published: February 2014

Os processos de mudança de uso e cobertura do solo despertam grande preocupação quanto a se compreender e melhor planejá-los a fim de evitar impactos, como perda da biodiversidade, erosão do solo e contaminação dos recursos hídricos. O trabalho propõe estimar a produção de sedimentos em cenários da microbacia hidrográfica do ribeirão das Guabirobas, localizada no município de São Carlos, SP. Para isto foi aplicado o modelo de simulação espacial CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent), com o objetivo de gerar cenários para o ano de 2025 da área de estudo. A posteriori, foi estimada a produção de sedimentos desses cenários com o auxílio do modelo de simulação SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Dois cenários foram simulados: expansão da cana-de-açúcar e expansão da laranja. Por meio das diferentes demandas por áreas inseridas no CLUE-S foi possível gerar cenários da microbacia hidrográfica do ribeirão das Guabirobas para o ano de 2025 e, com o auxílio do SWAT, estimar a produção de sedimentos nos diferentes usos do solo e verificar que a cultura da cana-de-açúcar de variedades RB72-454, CTC6 e CTC11 e do híbrido entre Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla foi mais significativa.
Changes in chemical properties of distrophic Red Latosol as result of swine wastewater application
Authors: Cabral Juarez R. , Freitas Paulo S. L. de , Rezende Roberto , Muniz Antonio S. , Bertonha Altair
Published: February 2014

Swine wastewater (SW) has characteristics that allow its disposal in the soil as a fertilizer. This is an alternative in order not to accumulate this material in the farm as well as it provides savings with mineral fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying swine wastewater on the chemical properties of a distrophic Red Latosol for two seasons. The experiment was carried out under field conditions with treatments defined as T0 = 0 (control), T1 = 150, T2 = 300, T3 = 450, T4 = 600, T5 = 750 m3 ha-1 of SW applied during the crop cycle of elephant grass. SW application contributed to the increase of magnesium and phosphorus and the reduction of soil aluminum in the first season. As for the second season when compared to the first one, there were reductions in K, Ca, and P concentrations. Hence applications of SW did not contribute to the increase in concentration of elements in the soil.
Eating out or in from home: analyzing the quality of meal according eating locations
Authors: Bandoni Daniel Henrique , Canella Daniela Silva , Levy Renata Bertazzy , Jaime Patricia Constante
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of meals consumed by workers from São Paulo according to eating location. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the 24-hour recall to collect dietary data from 815 workers, including where the meal was consumed, and then grouped the meals by eating location: home, workplace cafeteria, and restaurant. Meal quality was assessed according to energy content and density, fiber density, and proportion of macronutrients, 10 food groups, and from sugar-sweetened beverages. These indicators and their respective eating locations were then included in linear regression models adjusted for gender, age, and education level. RESULTS: Meals consumed at workplace cafeterias had lower energy density, higher fiber density, and higher proportions of vegetables, fruits, and beans than those consumed at home. However, away-from-home meals contain more sugars, sweets, fats, and oils. CONCLUSION: Eating location influences diet quality, so dietary surveys should assess meals consumed away from home more thoroughly since meal quality varies greatly by food service.
Diet quality index for healthy food choices
Authors: Caivano Simone , Domene Semíramis Martins Álvares
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: To present a Diet Quality Index proper for dietary intake studies of Brazilian adults. METHODS: A diet quality index to analyze the incorporation of healthy food choices was associated with a digital food guide. This index includes moderation components, destined to indicate foods that may represent a risk when in excess, and adequacy components that include sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds in order to help individuals meet their nutritional requirements. The diet quality index-digital food guide performance was measured by determining its psychometric properties, namely content and construct validity, as well as internal consistency. RESULTS: The moderation and adequacy components correlated weakly with dietary energy (-0.16 to 0.09). The strongest correlation (0.52) occurred between the component 'sugars and sweets' and the total score. The Cronbach's coefficient alpha for reliability was 0.36. CONCLUSION: Given that diet quality is a complex and multidimensional construct, the Diet Quality Index-Digital Food Guide, whose validity is comparable to those of other indices, is a useful resource for Brazilian dietary studies. However, new studies can provide additional information to improve its reliability.
Caracterização do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Machado Patrícia Maria de Oliveira , Machado Manuella de Souza , Schmitz Bethsáida de Abreu Soares , Corsa Arlete Catarina Tittoni , González-Chica David Alejandro , Vasconcelos Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: February 2014

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar no Estado de Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória e transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada de fevereiro a maio de 2010 por meio de questionário online com 293 municípios catarinenses. As variáveis descritivas foram analisadas conforme distribuição absoluta e relativa. Na análise estatística foi realizado o teste de Qui-quadrado (p<0,05) utilizando software Stata 11.0. RESULTADOS: A taxa de adesão foi de 74,4%. A maioria dos municípios possuía: gestão do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar centralizada (97,7%); até 10 escolas (58,7%); até mil alunos matriculados (55,1%), apenas um nutricionista (91,7%); e até 10 merendeiras no município (49,5%); fornecendo até 2 mil refeições ao dia (61,9%). Destaca-se que 2,8% dos municípios não possuíam responsável técnico e dois terços afirmaram que o custo médio por refeição servida variava entre R$0,31 e R$0,90, enquanto 21,6% informaram que o custo médio da refeição foi ≤R$0,30. Não foi detectada diferença estatística significante em relação ao número de refeições por merendeira ao dia e ao custo médio da refeição entre os diferentes portes dos municípios ou índice de desenvolvimento humano (p=0,584). Detectou-se adequação no número de nutricionistas por aluno matriculado estatisticamente maior nos municípios de pequeno porte (p<0,001), assim com nos municípios de médio índice de desenvolvimento humano (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Verifica-se inadequação da maioria dos municípios quanto ao número de nutricionistas. Percebeu-se a necessidade do estabelecimento de parâmetros mínimos de adequação entre número de merendeiras e refeições servidas, da necessidade de incentivos financeiros relacionados à mão de obra e custo das refeições.
Papel e responsabilidades da universidade no processo socioeducativo presente em movimentos de economia solidária
Authors: Gattai Silvia , Bernardes Marco Aurélio
Published: February 2014

O tema deste artigo é a análise do processo socioeducativo presente que ocorre como resultado da participação de pessoas e grupos em movimentos de economia solidária e da contribuição da universidade nesse processo, por meio de projetos de extensão universitária. Destarte, apresenta como objeto de estudo um projeto de extensão universitária em setor de baixa renda, na região do Grande ABC Paulista. Três indagações auxiliaram nessa análise, são elas: 1. Os movimentos de economia solidária possibilitam o desenvolvimento da consciência de cidadania daqueles que neles participam?; 2. Quais são as características do processo socioeducativo presente em movimentos de economia solidária?; 3. A ação da universidade acelera o processo socioeducativo dos indivíduos e grupos que participam no movimento de economia solidária? Dessa forma, um dos objetivos do artigo foi a compreensão das características dos movimentos de economia solidária, especificamente no que diz respeito aos processos socioeducativos presentes em tais movimentos. Buscou, também, caracterizar a participação da universidade, enxergando-a como um possível sujeito presente nesses processos. Ao desenvolver tal análise, o artigo pretendeu chegar a uma compreensão sobre a contribuição da universidade ao processo socioeducativo inerente à participação no movimento. A análise baseou-se nos conceitos de economia solidária, processo de aprendizagem individual e grupal e educação emancipadora. Foi utilizado o método qualitativo de pesquisa denominado pesquisa-ação. Esse método possibilita a participação do pesquisador tanto na tomada de decisão sobre a realidade como a posterior reflexão sobre o processo ocorrido e consequente produção de conhecimento científico sobre o processo. Os resultados apontaram que os empreendedores que participaram no projeto de extensão adquiriram conhecimentos e conceitos necessários para a gestão de seus empreendimentos e puderam perceber-se como sujeitos ativos no processo de fortalecimento da economia solidária. A partir dessa reflexão concluíram também sobre a possibilidade de mobilização e participação em espaços públicos com suas dificuldades e benefícios.
A terceira margem do rio dos estudos críticos sobre administração e organizações no Brasil: (re)pensando a crítica a partir do pós-colonialismo
Authors: Rosa Alexandre Reis , Alcadipani Rafael
Published: February 2014

O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar uma introdução ao pensamento pós-colonial a partir da sua origem, das principais vertentes de estudo e de possíveis diálogos entre as tradições anglófona e latino-americana. Para tanto, discutimos os conceitos de subalternidade, descolonização e hibridismo como possibilidade teórica de se explorar a perspectiva pós-colonial nos estudos críticos sobre organizações no Brasil. Embora o debate sobre subalternidade e pós-colonialismo seja relativamente novo nos estudos organizacionais, dentro e fora do Brasil, a revisão da literatura na área mostra que, mesmo fora do contexto da démarche pós-colonial, muitos trabalhos produzidos sobre administração e organizações no Brasil levaram em conta as mesmas preocupações dos autores pós-coloniais. De forma indireta, os trabalhos abordam temas que estão ligados aos efeitos do colonialismo no mundo contemporâneo e ainda reconhecem a necessidade de se descolonizar este campo de estudos quando analisam a questão da dependência cultural na tradição intelectual brasileira e na transferência de tecnologia gerencial entre países do centro e da periferia, quando problematizam o uso de teorias produzidas no Norte Global e buscam referências que valorizem um olhar a partir do Sul Global, e quando identificam a forte presença do hibridismo na dinâmica cultural brasileira. Por outro lado, ao analisar o campo de estudos críticos no Brasil, constatamos a presença de uma visão dicotômica que tende a radicalizar a relação centro/periferia com a separação entre uma suposta crítica nacional e o critical management studies (CMS), reproduzindo um tipo de binarismo intelectual típico da mentalidade colonial, que neste caso busca definir quem é e quem não é crítico. A fim de superar este impasse, propomos um processo de hibridização capaz de reconciliar os dois polos. Ao final do ensaio, argumentamos que o desenvolvimento teórico e político de ambos os lados depende de uma abordagem que explore as fissuras do discurso colonial e se configure a partir de um terceiro espaço de produção do conhecimento.
Finishing procedures in Orthodontics: dental dimensions and proportions (microesthetics)
Authors: Brandão Roberto Carlos Bodart , Brandão Larissa Bustamente Capucho
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present article is to describe procedures that can be performed to achieve excellence in orthodontic treatment finishing. The content is limited to microesthetics, which comprises the concept of ideal dental dimensions and proportions (white esthetics) and its correlation with the periodontium (pink esthetics). Standards of normality are described both in their real dimensions (dental height and width), and in those effectively perceived by the observer, the virtual dimensions. METHODS: The best scientific evidence was sought in the literature to support the clinical procedures that must guide the professional to obtain maximum esthetic quality on their treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what the other specialties in Dentistry expect from Orthodontics and, specially, what they have to offer. Clinical cases will be used to illustrate the dental movement that might maximize treatment outcome and to confront the ideal standards with the current state of the art. CONCLUSION: Treatment quality is directly related to the amount of procedures implemented by the orthodontist, associated with concepts and resources from Periodontics and Dental Prosthesis. Microesthetics cannot be seen in isolation, but rather as the key to establish a pleasant smile (miniesthetics) in addition to a harmonious face (macroesthetics) and a human being with high self-esteem (hyper-esthetics).
Auditory characteristics of individuals with temporomandibular dysfunctions and dentofacial deformities
Authors: Totta Tatiane , Santiago Giselda , Gonçales Eduardo Sanches , Saes Sandra de Oliveira , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is any relationship between otological as well as vestibular symptoms, audiological findings and type of temporomandibular disorder (articular, muscular and mixed); and to check the distribution of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD) dysfunction degree in the research population. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 30 patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 49 years old, diagnosed with TMD and dentofacial deformities, who were subject to clinical evaluation (muscle palpation, auscultation of temporomandibular joint during mandibular motion and measurement of jaw movement), audiological testing (pure tone audiometry and immittance testing) and two questionnaires, one on otological and vestibular symptoms and the other on TMD anamnesis. Based on both the anamnesis questionnaire and the clinical assessment, the subjects were divided according to the type and degree of TMD dysfunction (mild, moderate and severe), and compared regarding the occurrence of auditory signs and symptoms, vestibular symptoms and audiological findings according to TMD type. RESULTS: The anamnesis questionnaire demonstrated higher prevalence (83.33%) of severe TMD. Subjects with mixed TMD had more complaints about hypoacusis than those with muscular TMD (p < 0.05). The results showed no change in either audiological and immittance testing for all assessed individuals. CONCLUSION: Otological symptoms are present in subjects with TMD and dentofacial deformities, regardless of the classification of TMD (articular, muscular or mixed). Those with mixed TMD may have higher incidence of complaints about hypoacusis than subjects with muscular TMD. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between otological symptoms and the different types of TMD.
Evaluation of the vertical alterations of the upper second molars after the alignment and leveling phase using the MBT technique
Authors: Lino Alael Barreiro Fernandes de Paiva , Vigorito Julio Wilson
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at comparing the distocervical angulations of upper second molars crowns of groups with normal occlusion and with Angle Class I and II malocclusions. Additionally, it aimed to analyze the changes occurring after alignment and leveling performed with MBT technique. METHODS: The sample of normal occlusions comprised 32 lateral teleradiographs, while the sample of malocclusions comprised 38 initial and post-leveling lateral teleradiographs. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant differences between morphological characteristics of the normal occlusion group and the malocclusion group. On the other hand, after alignment and leveling, statistically significant reduction was observed in distocervical inclinations with extrusion of the distal portion of upper second molars.
Therapeutic exercises for the control of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Moraes Alberto da Rocha , Sanches Monique Lalue , Ribeiro Eduardo Cotecchia , Guimarães Antonio Sérgio
Published: February 2014

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifactorial disease. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain an accurate and correct diagnosis. In this context, conservative treatments, including therapeutic exercises classified as stretching, relaxation, coordination, strengthening and endurance, are oftentimes prescribed. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of the present article was to conduct a literature review concerning the types of exercises available and the efficacy for the treatment of muscular TMD. METHODS: The review included researches carried out between 2000 and 2010, indexed on Web of Science, PubMed, LILACS and BBO. Moreover, the following keywords were used: Exercise, physical therapy, facial pain, myofascial pain syndrome, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. Studies that did not consider the subject "TMD and exercises", used post-surgery exercises and did not use validated criteria for the diagnosis of TMD (RDC/TMD) were not included. RESULTS: The results comprised seven articles which proved therapeutic exercises to be effective for the treatment of muscular TMD. However, these studies are seen as limited, since therapeutic exercises were not applied alone, but in association with other conservative procedures. In addition, they present some drawbacks such as: Small samples, lack of control group and no detailed exercise description which should have included intensity, repetition, frequency and duration. CONCLUSION: Although therapeutic exercises are considered effective in the management of muscular TMD, the development of randomized clinical trials is necessary, since many existing studies are still based on the clinical experience of professionals.