bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia and its associations in adolescents from of public schools / Dislipidemia e suas associações em adolescentes de escolas públicas / Dislipidemia y sus asociaciones en adolescentes de escuelas públicas
Authors: Silva Brenda Monise da , Moura Jayne Ramos Araújo , Barros Anael Queirós Silva , Moura Thaís Fernanda Ribeiro de , Carvalho Rumão Batista Nunes de , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: investigar a relação entre a dislipidemia e as variáveis antropométricas, clínicas, bioquímicas e sociodemográficas, fortemente ligadas ao estilo de vida dos adolescentes. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, analítica, realizada em 18 escolas públicas estaduais localizadas na região Nordeste do Brasil. A amostra resultou em 357 participantes. Utilizou-se formulário estruturado contendo dados pessoais, socioeconômicos, variáveis clínicas, bioquímicas e de estilo de vida. Os dados foram analisados e processados no programa SPSS, versão 20.0. Nível de significância adotado (p< 0,05). O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pes­quisa da Universidade Federal do Piauí, sob nº 714995 em 10 de julho de 2014. Resultados: as variáveis analisadas exibiram maiores médias para o sexo masculino, diferenças estatisticamente significativa para circunferência da cintura (p=0,001), pressão arterial sistólica (p=0.016) e glicemia (0,001). Os meninos apresentaram menor média para a variável HDL-c (p=0,003). Conclusões: portanto, o conhecimento do perfil lipídico em adolescentes é de extrema importância, para que sejam tomadas providências que visem melhorar à qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.Descritores: Fatores de Risco. Transtornos do Metabolismo dos Lipídeos. Doenças Cardiovasculares. Obesidade. Adolescente.
Research protocols: ethical and bioethical aspects recognition and analysis / Protocolos de pesquisa: reconhecimento e análise dos aspectos éticos e bioéticos / Protocolos de investigación: reconhecimento y análisis de aspectos éticos y bioéticos
Authors: Vasconcelos Gomes Adriana , Bezerra Cardoso Prissilla Kalyne , Viana Rocha Francisca Cecília
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar aspectos éticos, bioéticos e legais dos protocolos de pesquisa de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva, exploratório-descritiva, desenvolvida no Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Estado do Piauí por meio do preenchimento de um formulário com dados obtidos de 166 protocolos desenvolvidos por graduandos de enfermagem entre 2008 a 2014, processados pelo Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows. Resultados: quanto aos princípios atendidos, prevaleceu a autonomia (94,55%); beneficência (100%) e não maleficência (100%), nas pesquisas com resolução 466/2012; e a justiça (100%) prevaleceu na 196/1996. Na minimização dos riscos (96,40%) das pesquisas com resolução 196/1996 não se mencionaram tais métodos e 80% com resolução 466/2012 abordaram tais medidas. Quanto à confidencialidade e privacidade, na resolução 466/2012 (83,64%) apresentaram-se tais meios, já na 196/1996 (60,36%) não se mencionaram esses métodos. Na adoção de meios para proteção da população vulnerável, a 466/2012 (94,55%) não apresentou registro para esse dado e na 196/1996 (13,51%) desse grupo não se mencionaram tais meios. Conclusão: observou-se que a maioria das pesquisas com resolução 196/1996 não atendeu a todos os aspectos éticos e bioéticos, sendo os estes os princípios relevantes para a prática da experimentação.Descritores: Enfermagem. Bioética. Ética. Pesquisa.
Analysis of annual incidence of cardiac rhythm disturbances in the elderly population / Análise da incidência anual dos distúrbios do ritmo cardíaco em idosos / Análisis de la incidencia anual de los trastornos del ritmo cardíaco en la población anciana
Authors: Silva Filipe Melo , Sousa Naira Roberta , Barbosa Dais Nara Silva , Silva Mariana Mesquita , Silva Silas Alves , Rodrigues Jailson Alberto
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar a incidência anual dos distúrbios cardíacos(alteração da frequência cardíaca) em idosos do Piauí e contribuir para que sejam adotadas intervenções que diminuam a ocorrência de arritmias nos idosos do estado. Metodologia: os dados coletados são de domínio público e foram obtidos através da webpage (www.datasus.gov.br, 2016). Tem-se como população estudada pessoas (homens e mulheres) com 60 anos ou mais de idade no estado do Piauí - Brasil, portadores de transtornos de condução e arritmias cardíacas nos anos de 2008 a 2016. Resultados: observou-se que a taxa anual acumulada de transtornos de condução e arritmias cardíacas em pessoas do sexo masculino foi maior na cidade de Parnaíba (35,1%) e as menores taxas acumuladas verificaram-se nas cidades de Oeiras (3,7%) e Picos (5,0%). Entre as mulheres, isso ocorreu em Barras, Oeiras e Pedro II, sendo Parnaíba (36,1%) e a capital, Teresina (11,7%). Conclusão: no ano de 2016 houve redução de incidência do problema em questão, porém apesar dessa diminuição, ainda notam-se taxas elevadas de morte por essas doenças.Descritores: Arritmias Cardíacas. Saúde do Idoso. Epidemiologia.
Educational technology for patient with chronic renal disease: integrative review / Tecnologia educativa para paciente com doença renal crônica: revisão integrativa / Tecnología educativa voltada al paciente con enfermedad renal crónica: revisión integradora
Authors: Gonçalves Cristiano Batista
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre tecnologias educativas voltadas à promoção da saúde do paciente com doença renal crônica. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura; utilizou-se a questão norteadora: Quais as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica sobre tecnologias educativas voltadas à promoção da saúde do paciente com doença renal crônica?; não houve imposição de limite de tempo, e utilizou-se as bases de dados SciELO, MEDLINE, LILACS e CINAHL, com cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: renal insufficiency, educational technology, health promotion. Resultados: incluíram-se seis estudos nesta revisão e elencou-se quatro categorias sobre as tecnologias educativas: software para computador ou dispositivo móvel, material impresso, programa educacional via telefone e website. Conclusão: diferentes tecnologias educativas construídas evidenciam a preocupação dos profissionais da saúde em promover a longitudinalidade do cuidado e integralidade da saúde aos indivíduos com doença renal crônica, como também lhes instiga a tornarem-se protagonistas no cuidado da sua saúde.Descritores: Insuficiência Renal Crônica. Tecnologia Educacional. Promoção da Saúde.
Nurse's assistance to politraumatized: integrative review / Assistência do enfermeiro ao politraumatizado: revisão integrativa / Asistencia del enfermero al politraumatizado: revisión integrada
Authors: Miranda Vanessa De Almeida , Mendes Jadilson Rodrigues , Oliveira Adélia Dalva da Silva , Dos Santos Ana Maria Ribeiro
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: identificar estudos acerca da assistência do enfermeiro ao politraumatizado. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada na base de dado Scientific Electronic Library Online- SciELO, no período de fevereiro a março de 2017. Foram selecionados 10 artigos, compreendidos no período de 2011 a 2017, utilizou-se a combinação dos descritores em saúde enfermagem em emergência, trauma múltiplo e cuidados de enfermagem. Resultados: verificou-se que a assistência de enfermagem ao politraumatizado é continua, que vai desde os primeiros socorros até a assistência dentro das unidades de internação, onde encontra os seus maiores problemas. Observou-se uma lacuna, pois nenhum estudo fez relato da real assistência de enfermagem ao politraumatizado. Conclusão: há uma necessidade de urgência na realização de novas pesquisas ao que diz respeito à assistência da enfermagem ao politraumatizado, levando em consideração que é a enfermagem uma das principais responsáveis no atendimento a esses pacientes e precisa de ferramenta que melhore esse cuidado.Descritores: Enfermagem em emergência. Trauma Múltiplo. Cuidados de Enfermagem.
Lack of serological evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in virus exposed camel abattoir workers in Nigeria, 2016
Authors: So Ray TY , Perera Ranawaka APM , Oladipo Jamiu O , Chu Daniel KW , Kuranga Sulyman A , Chan Kin-ho , Lau Eric HY , Cheng Samuel MS , Poon Leo LM , Webby Richard J , Peiris Malik
Published: August 2018

Background

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic threat of global public health concern and dromedary camels are the source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV is enzootic in dromedaries in Africa as well as the Middle East, zoonotic disease has not been reported in Africa. Methods: In an abattoir in Kano, Nigeria, we tested nasal swabs from camels and investigated 261 humans with repeated occupational exposure to camels, many of whom also reported drinking fresh camel milk (n = 138) or urine (n = 94) or using camel urine for medicinal purposes (n = 96). Results: Weekly MERS-CoV RNA detection in January–February 2016 ranged from 0–8.4% of camels sampled. None of the abattoir workers with exposure to camels had evidence of neutralising antibody to MERS-CoV. Conclusion: There is a need for more studies to investigate whether or not zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV does take place in Africa.
Modeling Non-Compositional Expressions using a Search Engine
Authors: Dione Cheikh Bamba , Johansson Christer
Published: August 2018

Non-compositional multi-word expressions present great challenges to natural language processing applications. In this paper, we present a method for modeling non-compositional expressions based on the assumption that the meaning of expressions depends on context. Therefore, context words can be used to select documents and separate documents where the expression has different meanings. Deviation from a baseline is measured using serendipity (i.e. the pointwise effect size). We used this statistical measure to mark which patterns are over- and under-represented and to take a decision if the pattern under scrutiny belongs to the meaning selected by the context words or not. We used the Google search engine to find document frequency estimates. When used with Google document frequency estimates, the serendipity measure closely mirrors some human intuitions on the preferred alternative.
Geodetic and Microgravity Measurement used in St. Mary´s Assumption Chapel
Authors: Cesnek Tomáš , Chromčák Jakub
Published: August 2018

With an intersection on modern technologies into the sphere of geodesy and geophysics, there increase the number of possibilities of these technologies to be used. There are also ways to make the research and measurements more attractive for general public. There can be not only interest in the way of final results but also from the processing points of view. For example the sizes of historical sites need to be measured but the semi-product of processing can be also 3D model of the object. This product can be used for increasing of object attractiveness or as a base for next research. This is also the direction needed to be selected, to make the science more attractive and interesting for the public.
Visual Odometry Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for Large-Scale Scenes
Authors: Meng Xuyang , Fan Chunxiao , Ming Yue
Published: August 2018

The main task of visual odometry (VO) is to measure camera motion and image depth, which is the basis of 3D reconstruction and the front-end of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). However, most of the existing methods have low accuracy or require advanced sensors. In order to predict camera pose and image depth at the same time with high accuracy from image sequences captured by regular camera, we train a novel framework, named PD-Net, and it is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). There are two main modules: one is pose estimator which is able to estimate the 6-DoF camera pose, the other is depth estimator computing the depth of its view. The keys of our proposed framework are that PD-Net comprises some shared convolutional layers and is divided into two branches to estimate camera motion and image depth, respectively. Experiments on KITTI and TUM datasets show that our proposed method can extract meaningful depth estimation and successfully estimate frame-to-frame camera rotations and translations in large scenes even texture-less. It outperforms previous methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Pengaruh Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Permata Amanda Dhinari , Nurlaela Siti , Wahyuningsih Endang Masitoh
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage, Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance. The population which is the object of this research is the basic and chemical industry sectors listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2012 - 2016. The total population of 68 companies, this study obtained by purposive sampling technique which then resulted in 32 research samples for further investigation. The analysis technique used is logistic regression analysis. Based on data analysis and discussion can be concluded that Size, Age, Profitability, Leverage, and Sales Growth has no effect on Tax Avoidance. This means that the government succeeded in conducting Tax Amnesty program which has the impact of the company will not do Tax Avoidance
Parental Characteristics, Supply of Schools, and Child
School-enrolment in Pakistan
Authors: Burney Nadeem A. , Irfan Mohammad
Published: August 2018

In recent yean, due to a virtual unanimity about the critical
role of hmnan capital in economic development, increased efforts are
being made in the developing countries to eradicate illiteracy. Despite
a significant increase over time in the number of educational
institutions and the government's expenditure on education in Pakistan,
the performance of the education sector in terms of output has been at
best meagre. This non-correspondence between the growth in the
educational institutions and the resultant output implies that failure
to enlist the participation of the population in education can hardly be
attributed exclusively to an insufficiency of the schools. To the extent
that child schooling reflects parental capacity to invest in hmnan
capital formation, there is a need to reckon with factors bearing
parental decision regarding child schooling. This paper investigates
family's decision regarding child schooling through an assessment of the
determinants of child school-enro1ment, using choice theoretic
framework. The regression results are indicative of the influence of
household status, both economic and social, on the propensity to invest
in child schooling. A positive association between the household income,
parental education, and tenurial status as land-owner bear out the
importance of these factors in shaping the household's decision
regarding investment in human capital formation. The study also fmds
traces of the quantity-quality trade-off in family's preferences
regarding the nmnber of children, and it is found to be male-specific.
The most disturbing fmding of the study appears to be the predominance
of the influence originating from parental education. It is this
inter-generational transfer of human capital which needs more attention
as it also implies that illiteracy, and hence poverty, of the parents
gets transmitted to the off-spring. The analysis also brings out the
fact that the labour market hiring practices serve as an important
feedback to the household's human capital formation
behaviour.
Richard Sisson and Leo E. Rose. War and Secession: Pakistan,
India and the Creation of Bangladesh. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.
1990. 338 pp.Price Rs 225.00 (Hardbound).
Authors: Haque Ziaul
Published: August 2018

After thirteen long years of military dictatorship, national
elections on the basis of adult franchise were held in Pakistan in
December 1970. The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and the
Pakistan Peoples Party, under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, emerged as the two
majority political parties in East Pakistan and West Pakistan
respectively. The political party commanding a majority in one wing of
the country had almost no following in the other. This ended in a
political and constitutional deadlock, since this split mandate and
political exclusiveness gradually led to the parting of ways and
political polarization. Power was not transferred to the majority party
(that is, the Awami League) within the legally prescribed time; instead,
in the wake of the political/ constitutional crisis, a civil war broke
out in East Pakistan which soon led to an open war between India and
Pakistan in December 1971. This ultimately resulted in the dismemberment
of Pakistan, and in the creation of Bangladesh as a sovereign country.
The book under review is a political study of the causes and
consequences of this crisis and the war, based on a reconstruction of
the real facts, historical events, political processes and developments.
It candidly recapitulates the respective roles of the political elites
(both of India and Pakistan), their leaders and governments, and
assesses their perceptions of the real situation. It is an absorbing
narrative of almost thirteen months, from 7 December, 1970, when
elections were held in Pakistan, to 17 December, 1971 when the war ended
after the Pakistani army's surrender to the Indian army in Dhaka (on
December 16, 1971). The authors, who are trained political scientists,
give fresh interpretations of these historical events and processes and
relate them to the broader regional and global issues, thus assessing
the crisis in a broader perspective. This change of perspective enhances
our understanding of the problems the authors discuss. Their focus on
the problems under discussion is sharp, cogent, enlightening, and
circumspect, whether or not the reader agrees with their conclusions.
The grasp of the source material is masterly; their narration of
fast-moving political events is superbly anchored in their scientific
methodology and political philosophy.
Hassan N. Gardezi. Understanding Pakistan: The Colonial Factor in
Societal Development. Lahore: Maktaba Fikro-Danish (1991). Pages 162.
Price: Rs 99.00.
Authors: Haque Ziaul
Published: August 2018

After almost forty-four years of existence as a sovereign
nation, Pakistan still remains an underdeveloped country. This
underdevelopment and poverty is not the original state, that is, it is
not entirely inherent in the original social and economic structures or
cultural traditions of Pakistan; rather this socio-economic retardation
of Pakistan is due mainly to the integration of Pakistan's society and
economy in the world capitalist system. This integration of a weak and
stagnant semi-feudal society with the industrially advanced capitalist
societies has gradually resulted in an unequal relationship and an
international division of labour, which binds Pakistan as a 'periphery'
to the highly developed and industrialized metropolitan 'centres' of
capitalism, and in which resources tend to flow from the former to the
latter. Hassan N. Gardezi advances this radical hypothesis by
characterizing Pakistan's socio-economic formation as 'peripheral'
capitalism which is internally ruled by a tiny, but powerful, minority
of feudal, capitalist, bureaucratic, and military elites. These ruling
elites, says Gardezi, are externally dependent on and subservient to the
highly industrialized capitalist countries; and the colonial factor has
determined the contours and character of Pakistan's socio-economic
system.
Emigration and Wages in an Open Economy: Some Evidence from
Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Zafar
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the impact of labour emigration on the
wages of both the skilled and unskilled workers. The paper is based on a
3 X 3 trade-theoretic model, where a subset of the goods produced are
traded at internationally fIXed prices. The results of the model hinge
cruci~y on the intensities of the factors used 'within' the traded goods
sectors of the economy. Using the Pakistani data, it is found that
unskilled labour is used extremely intensively in the agriculture sector
(exportable), skilled labour is used extremely intensively in the
manufacturing sector (importable), and capital is used as the middle
factor in both the traded goods sectors. Moreover, capital is used
significantly less intensively in the construction (non-traded) sector
relative to both the traded sectors. Based on the estimated relative
factor intensities, the model predicts that emigration of either skilled
or unskilled workers from Pakistan, in the long run, would benefit (in
nominal as well as real terms) both the skilled and unskilled workers
and hurt the owners of capital. The results suggest that the higher
wages to both the skilled and unskilled workers must be compensated by a
reduction in the rate of returns to capital if export-orientcd and
import-competing sectors in Pakistan are to remain internationally
competitive.
Growth and Distribution of Agrarian Assets in the Punjab
Authors: Mahmood Moazam
Published: August 2018

This is a micro study of the growth and distribution of non
land agrarian assets over time, in two villages of the Punjab.
Widespread adoption of the Green Revolution inputs, seed and fertilizer,
has generated a high rate of acquisition of agrarian assets, especially
tubewells and mechanisation. The HYV enhanced profitability and income
should have permitted an equally widespread acquisition of assets. This
study uses an exogenous-endogenous model to show two constraints on
asset acquisition.
The Role of Institutional Credit in the Agricultural Development
of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Sohail J. , Mushtaq Mohammad , Gill Manzoor A.
Published: August 2018

There has been a consensus among Pakistani policy-makers since
the early 1970s that the shift from a resource-based to a science-based
agriculture can be facilitated through the availability of agricultural
credit. The official statistics on the disbursement of agricultural
credit bear testimony to this behalf. A perusal of Thble 1 shows clearly
that while other inputs such as fertilizer offtake, the availability of
improved seed, water and tractors grew at rates ranging from 3 percent
to 15 percent per annum over the period from 1971-72 to 1986-87, the
disbursement Of institutional credit to the rural sector of Pakistan
grew at an impressive 28 percent. It is interesting to note that while
agricultural production, measured as an index with base year 1960, grew
at only 3 percent, the ratio of institutional credit to agricultural GNP
grew from 0.7 percent in 1971-72 to over 12 percent in 1986-87. 1\\'0
studies have recently appeared in The Pakistan Development Review that
highlight important yet diverse aspects of the role of institutional
credit in the agriculture development of Pakistan. The first study
[Zuberi (1989)] stated that "the strategy for agricultural development
in the country has been based on greater utilization of 'high pay-off'
low-cost technology. The government advanced loans through fmancial
institutions to make it possible for the farmers to acquire this
technology". This study, however, using a Cobb-Douglas type production
function and time-series data found that specifications which included
institutional credit as an independent variable offered meaningless
results. Based on the fact that 70 percent of total institutional credit
disbursed was for the purchase of seed and fertilizer, the author chose
expenditure on these categories as a proxy not only for credit but also
for capital and using this and labour obtained significant
estimates.
Management Arrangements of the Chaprote Forest and their
Implications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mumtaz Soofia , Nayab Durr-e-
Published: August 2018

This presentation is a more comprehensive version of the paper
that has been circulated. The paper examines the terms of access to the
resources of the Chaprote forest in the Nagar valley of Northern
Pakistan, before and since 1972. In 19n, the Nagar valley became part of
the Federally Administered Areas of ~akistan. The political
transformation of the regime, was contiguous with changes in the
economic situation, which affected local requirements, allocation, and
access to natural resources. Our analysis hence, focuses on some of the
excesses and inadequacies of regimes being incorporated within a
political economy on the one hand, and being subjected to interventions
at odds with local potential and former systems of managing and
exploiting local resources on the other. Our aim is to make suggestions
for better management, conservation and development of forest resources.
This. exercise includes the concern of environmentalists, among other
issues, over conserving finite natural resources, and maintaining a
symbiosis between regeneration and depletion of renewable natural
resources [Dubois (1976); Rapoport (1978); Sachs (1978, 1980) and
Simonis (n.d)].
The First Women Bank-Why and for Whom?
Authors: Bilquees Faiz
Published: August 2018

The First Women Bank which commenced operations in December
1989, has over a period of one year, set up 10 branches in the big
cities of the country. The name of the bank suggested that it would
function on the same lines as the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. It was
widely believed that the Bank was meant to assist the very poor women in
their economic uplift. However, with the exception of two branches (one
in Gurumander, Karachi and the second in Sukkur), the branches of the
bank have been set up in posh localities like Defence, Cantonment, Blue
Area and Mall Roads. The expensive location and the expensive set-up of
these banks has created the image that these banks are meant to cater
for the rich, elite women, rather than the poor deserving women. The
very poor earning women in low-income localities are totally unaware of
this bank's existence because it has not been advertised to them through
audio or video media. However they envied poor women in India who
benefited from the credit schemes for women, as shown on Indian
television.l This paper attempts to look into the factors behind the
establishment of the bank and its working strategy, to clarify, to
whatever extent possible, the confusions or contradictions associated
with this bank. Section II puts forward the various factors underlying
the establishment of a separate bank for women in Pakistan. Section III
describes the operational strategy of the bank with special focus on the
nature of clientele and credit services of the bank. Section IV puts
forward the conclusions and Section V gives some policy recommendations.
The paper is based on the published material made available by the bank
i.e. the brochure of the bank (the first annual statement of the bank
had not been published at the time of writing this paper), informal
discussions with the bank staff, and personal observations of the author
during the working hours of the bank.
Options for Financing the Budgetary Deficit, Money Supply, and
Growth of Banking Sector
Authors: Kemal A. R.
Published: August 2018

The fiscal deficit has assumed alarming proportions in
Pakistan; it was as large as 8.5 percent of the GDP in 1987-88. Though
it has fallen somewhat in recent years, yet it still is around 6.7
percent of GDP. While the fiscal deficit was expected to result in a
high rate of inflation and slow growth of output, Pakistan has sustained
a high growth rate of output with price stability. This makes Pakistan a
fascinating case study.l The impact of the fiscal deficit on monetary
expansion, growth of output and price stability in various countries has
been extensively analysed. For example, see Cline (1987); Collins and
Park (1989), Corbo (1985,1989); Corbo and de Melo (1989); Corbo and Nam
(1988); Dornbusch and de Pablo (1989); Easterly (1989); Edwards (1989);
Enders and Mattione (1984); Gil Diaz (1988); Haque (1987); Kim and Yun
(1988); Kormendi (1983); Modigliani and Sterling (1986); Nash (1988);
Ocampo (1987); Reisen and van Trotsenburg (1988); van Wijnbergen (1987)
and Yellen (1989). However, very little work is available on Pakistan.
The present study is an attempt to fill that important gap. By analysing
trends in the budgetary deficit and in the pattern of financing the
deficit, the present study explores their implications for the interest
rate structure, monetary expansion, and growth of the banking sector in
Pakistan. The paper is divided into four sections. Section I traces the
trends in the fiscal deficit over time. Patterns of financing the
deficit and implications for monetary expansion are analysed in Section
II. Section III examines the implications of changes in the rate
structure of interest for the growth of money supply and the banking
sector. Section IV presents the main conclusions of the
study.
Employment Creation Effects of Pakistan's Exports
Authors: Khan Ashfaque H.
Published: August 2018

During the past two decades, an increasing number of
developing countries have sought to pursue export -oriented trade and
industrial policies as against the import -substitution strategy of
industrialization.1 It has been argued that production for the world
market not only restores the momentum of industrial growth but it leads
to efficient resource allocation, greater capacity utilization, permits
the exploitation of economies of scale, generates technological
improvement in response to competition abroad and, most importantly,
creates productive employment opportunities for a labour-surplus country
[Balassa (1978), p. 180). This paper is not concerned with the merits or
otherwise of export -oriented trade and industrialization policies
rather we concentrate on the most important contribution of outward
looking or export-oriented policy, i.e., its employment creation
effects. It has been argued that an increased level of activity in the
export sector gives rise to dynamic external economies of scale besides
having its own direct effect. For example, an increase in exports
creates jobs for workers directly engaged in the production of the
export commodities. This being the direct effect, an increase in exports
also creates employment via the linkage effect, multiplier effect and
foreign exchange effect.2 A large number of studies over the last two
decades have attempted to measure the direct and indirect contributions
of exports in employment creation in developing countries.3 Almost all
studies have used static input-output analysis to quantify the
contribution of exports in employment generation.
Discrimination in the Pakistan Labour Market: Myth and
Reality
Authors: Mohiuddin Yasmeen
Published: August 2018

A general concern with equity in the economic development
process and the focus on issues of poverty, population growth, and
environmental degradation in recent years have both created an upsurge
in the interest in women's role in economic development. The women in
development (WID ) issue is closely related to the issue of sex
discrimination. In economic terms, discrimination occurs whenever market
allocations are affected not by the criterion of productivity, but by
non-pecuniary or extraneous factors such as sex. Operationally, the most
common forms of discrimination in the labour market are wage
discrimination, whereby women are paid lower wages relative to men in
all industries and occupations for work that is recognisably equal,l and
occupational or job discrimination, whereby women are segregated into
certain 'female' occupations which are generally low-paying. Both these
types of discrimination are fairly common and extensive in Europe and
North America, especially in the U. S. In Pakistan, as in some other
Third World countries, there is another aspect of discrimination which
is even more fundamental than the other two. This refers to the
divergence between myth and reality about women's participation in the
labour force, which is the most visible indicator of their contribution
to economic activity, and hence to development. The reality is that
women's labour force participation is high, measured either in terms of
the percentage of adult women who work, or the proportion of the labour
force that is female, or the hours of work. The myth within Pakistan
(especially among the middle class, urbanites, government officials
including planners and administrators, and even academicians) as well as
outside is that women do not work.
Title page is not scanned (Distinguishedl Lecture)
Authors: Coale Ansley J.
Published: August 2018

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What's at Stake for the LDCs, Now that the Uruguay Round Talks
have been Suspended? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)
Authors: Baldwin Robert E.
Published: August 2018

Until negotiations collapsed in early December, the Uruguay
Round gave promise of being the most significant multilateral trade
negotiation since 1947, when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GA TI) was implemented and tariffs levels of the industrial countries
were sharply cut. There are at least three reasons for this conclusion.
First, by agreeing at the outset to bring both agriculture and textiles
under GATT discipline, the participants created the opportunity for both
rich and poor agricultural exporting nations and relatively low-wage,
newly industrializing LDCs to benefit significantly from GATT-sponsored
trade negotiations. Prior to the Uruguay Round, the benefits to these
countries of such negotiations had been limited, since these two sectors
were excluded from any significant liberalization. Second, by agreeing
to formulate new rules relating to trade in services, trade-related
aspects of· intellectual property rights, and trade-related investment
issues, members took an important step in modernizing the GATT. As
economic globalization has accelerated, there is a growing realization
that arms-length merchandise transactions, the traditional concern of
the GATT, are only one aspect of the real-side economic relations of
current concern to national policy-makers and the economic interests
they represent Now international commercial activities also involve
merchandise trade among multinational firms and their foreign
affiliates, international trade in services among independent agents as
well as among affiliated enterprises, foreign direct investment
activities, production nf goods and services in foreign affiliates for
sale either abroad or at home, international flows of technology, and
temporary movements of labour across borders. Although the so-called new
issues in the Uruguay Round do not cover all of these matters, they go a
considerable way in making the GATT more relevant for dealing with the
problems of increasing internationalization.
O ensino de geografia na relação entre cinema e questão ambiental
Authors: Pimenta Thiago Albano de Sousa
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho se trata de um exercício de releitura do nosso trabalho de dissertação “Imagem e Linguagem Geográfica: A Questão Ambiental no Cinema Atual” buscando agenciar dele aspectos que nos permitem pensar o ensino de Geografia. Pensar a questão ambiental no âmbito do ensino de Geografia é refletir sobre como podemos criar estratégias para que de fato haja espaço de pensamento e criatividade em sala de aula, o que potencializa geografias e ecologias da cotidianeidade.
O rato de Clarice – cartografias de linguagem
Authors: Marques Ana Carolina De Oliveira , Chaveiro Eguimar Felício
Published: August 2018

De “Perdoando Deus”, conto anexado à coletânea “Felicidade Clandestina”, partiram as considerações elencadas neste artigo. Propondo uma cartografia das emoções ali enunciadas, buscou-se revelar, junto a fragmentos da trajetória de vida da escritora Clarice Lispector, o tempo social e o espaço nos quais aterrissam as sensações de paz, revolta, medo, tristeza, aceitação exprimidas no texto. Na centralidade da análise, situou-se a metáfora do rato morto no calçadão de Copacabana, no Rio de Janeiro. Tal conto traduz demandas existenciais que ultrapassam a individualidade da escritora, estendendo-se aos sujeitos e à produção do espaço urbano na contemporaneidade. “Perdoando Deus” é, acima de tudo, um chamado à vida intensa, frente a uma existência que abarca também o desorganizado, o inacabado, o devir.
Resenha
Authors: Ferraz Cláudio Benito Oliveira
Published: August 2018

DELIGNY, Fernand. Semilla de Crápula: consejos para los educadores que quieran cultivarla. Buenos Aires: Cactus; Tinta Limon, 2017.
Editorial do dossiê Geografia, Literatura e Arte
Authors: Nunes Flaviana Gasparotti
Published: August 2018

A Faculdade de Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), por meio do Grupo de Pesquisa (Geo)Grafias, Linguagens e Percursos Educativos (GLPE) promoveu entre os dias 26 e 26 de maio de 2017 o IV Simpósio Nacional e III Internacional de Geografia, Literatura e Arte que teve como tema central “Geografias e Artistagens n/da Fronteira – o acontecer do mundo babélico”. O evento teve como principal objetivo propiciar o encontro entre pesquisadores, notadamente geógrafos, que abordam a contribuição das linguagens artísticas nos estudos sobre as mais diversas formas da fronteira acontecer (não só a política-administrativa, mas a cultural, a midiática, as artísticas, entre as linguagens etc.), com obras e artistas (escritores e artistas plásticos) que tenham a fronteira como temática ou que vivam uma condição de fronteira e apresente isso em sua produção estética. Este número da Revista Entre-Lugar reúne um conjunto de textos relativos a a trabalhos apresentados no referido evento que foram selecionados pela Comissão Científica e devidamente revisados para compor esta publicação. Os textos foram organizados segundo os eixos temáticos do evento.
Entrevista com Verónica Hollman
Authors: Nunes Flaviana Gasparotti
Published: August 2018

Verónica Hollman é licenciada em Geografía pela Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina. Master of Arts pela University of British Columbia (Canadá). Doutora em Ciências Sociales pela FLACSO (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales). Atualmente é Investigadora Adjunta do CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/Argentina) com Sede de trabalho no Instituto de Geografía “Romualdo Ardissone”, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Suas pesquisas analisam as relações entre cultura visual e a construção de imaginários geográficos. Proferiu a conferência “Imagem (da), (na), (como) fronteira” no encerramento do III Simpósio Internacional/IV Simpósio Nacional Geografia, Literatura e Arte (SIGEOLITERART).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengan Metode Mnemonik Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya
Authors: Yuliana Marissa , Suryaningtyas Wahyuni , Shoffa Shoffan
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode Mnemonik terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantifatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Surabaya. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah kelas X-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X-3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Hasil nilai uji t satu pihak, diperoleh posttest 1 dengan  dan posttest 2 dengan  maka  diterima sehingga didapatkan hasil bahwa rata-rata skor tes akhir pada kelompok eksperimen lebih baik daripada rata-rata skor tes akhir pada kelompok kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran tipe STAD dengan metode mnemonik berpegaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (2) Hasil presentase angket respon siswa diperoleh bahwa (pada pernyataan angket positif) 29,4% siswa Sangat Setuju dan 61,3% siswa Setuju dengan model pembelajaran tipe STAD dengan metode mnemonik pada pelajaran matematika dengan materi Trigonometri, ini berarti banyak siswa pada kelompok kelas eksperimen merespon baik terhadap model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode mnemonik dikelas.
Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui Metode Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa Kelas VII-B SMP Muhammadiyah 13 Surabaya
Authors: Hanum Farida , Ainy Chusnal , Suprapti Endang
Published: August 2018

Salah satu masalah dalam pembelajaran matematika di SMP Muhammadiyah 13 adalah karena kemampuan siswa dalam menguasai materi matematika masih rendah dan keaktifan siswa dalam menjawab permasalahan masih rendah sehingga siswa cenderung pasif. Salah satu alternatif metode pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa, aktivitas siswa, respon siswa kelas VII-B SMP Muhammadiyah 13 dengan menggunakan metode Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving, meningkatnya kemampuan siswa dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa. Hasil analisa data kemampuan siswa kelas VII B SMP Muhammadiyah 13 Surabaya dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan metode Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving. Rata-rata nilai siswa meningkat dari siklus I dengan rata-rata , meningkat sebesar  dari nilai (UTS) semester genap dan dari siklus II meningkat  dari siklus I dengan rata-rata . Hasil analisis aktivitas siswa teliti dalam menyelesaikan masalah dengan memperoleh presentase terbesar, yaitu 20%. Respon siswa menunjukkan persentase 92,3% siswa berminat mengikuti pembelajaran matematika.
Alternatif Peningkatan Kreativitas Mahasiswa Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Melalui Media Pohon Matematika
Authors: Setiawan Rudy , Arifendi Rio Febrianto
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah pembelajaran dengan media pohon matematika, (2) mengetahui  pengaruh penggunaan media pohon matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (3) mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pohon matematika terhadap kreativitas mahasiswa, dan (4) mengetahui pendapat mahasiswa tentang pembelajaran matematika dengan media pohon matematika.Rancangan dalam penelitian ini merupakan The Static Group Comparison. Peneliti memberikan perlakuan pada kelompok eksperimen dengan pembelajaran menggunakan media pohon matematika. Sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah kelompok yang belajar tanpa menggunakan media pohon matematika. Sebelum penelitian, diadakan tes kemampuan awal (pretes) untuk masing-masing kelompok. Setelah dikenai perlakuan yang berbeda, maka masing-masing kelompok diberikan postes.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Implementasi pembelajaran dengan media pohon matematika terdiri dari: a) Tahap awal, yaitu penjelasan peraturan pohon matematika dan pembagian kelompok; b) Tahap inti, yaitu masing-masing kelompok bekerja sama dalam mengkonstruksi daun pohon matematika; dan c) Tahap akhir berupa presentasi oleh masing-masing kelompok dan membahas jawaban. (2) Hasil belajar matematika mahasiswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan media pohon matematika lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar matematika mahasiswa dengan metode pembelajaran ekspositori. (3) Pembelajaran dengan pohon matematika memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk menyelesaikan masalah dengan bermacam-macam interpretasi, metode penyelesaian atau jawaban sehingga kreativitas mahasiswa dapat berkembang. (4) Pembelajaran dengan media pohon matematika disukai mahasiswa.
Analisis Pemahaman Siswa terhadap Strategi Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik
Authors: Kahar Muhammad Syahrul , Layn Muhamad Ruslan , Nurjanah Suci Ristiya
Published: August 2018

Permasalahan yang muncul dalam proses pembelajaran, siswa belum mampu menjabarkan secara langsung materi yang diajarkan oleh guru, baik secara Visual maupun Kinestetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui hasil dari penggunaan strategi  Visualisasi, Auditori, Kinestetik terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas VIII B pada materi fungsi dan (2) untuk mengetahui respon dari siswa terhadap strategi pembelajaran tersebut. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII B MTs Sains Algebra Kota Sorong  tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 24 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, angket, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) hasil dari penggunaan strategi pembelajaran Visualization, Auditory, Kinestetic terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas VIII B MTs Sains Algebra Kota Sorong pada materi fungsi adalah 70% siswa memperoleh nilai tes di atas KKM, dan 30% siswa memperoleh nilai tes di bawah KKM. (2) Respon siswa terhadap strategi pembelajaran Visualization, Auditory, Kinestetic adalah sebagai berikut: (a) Untuk pernyataan positif, 46,3% menyatakan sangat setuju, 42,5% setuju, 9% tidak setuju dan 2,2% sangat tidak setuju. (b) Untuk pernyataan bernilai negatif, 49,1% menyatakan sangat tidak setuju, 36,7% tidak setuju, 11,7% setuju dan 2,5% sangat setuju.
Penerapan Strategi 7t Bisnis Ritel Dalam E-Commerce (On-Line Shop) Oleh Swalayan Golden Sebagai Media Pemasaran
Authors: Hakimah Ema Nurzainul , Muslih Basthoumi
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan oleh Ema Nurzainul Hakimah (2015) dengan judul Menciptakan Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Berbasis Manajemen Pemasaran Retail Studi pada Pedagang Retail Anggota UMKM Kota  Kediri. Pembedanya yaitu penerapan strategi merchandising bisnis ritel dalam  e-commerce (on-line shop/olshop) oleh swalayan Golden sebagai media pemasaran dan mendeskripsikan respon konsumen atas layanan olshop swalayan pertama yang mampu bersaing dengan peritel modern besar di Kota Kediri yaitu Golden. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dimana menjelaskan gambaran masing-masing variable penelitian strategi 7T dalam olshop terhadap respon konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling, dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner sebagai data primer dan diolah menggunakan SPSS 23 untuk mengetahui respon konsumen dalam strategi 7T serta metode CRI (Customer Response Index) untuk mengetahui sejauh mana respon konsumen atas layanan olshop swalayan Golden Kediri. Hasil data kuesioner terhadap strategi merchandising dan layanan olshop Golden Swalayan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa kinerja dari strategi 7T merchandising yang diberikan oleh Golden Swalayan Kota Kediri dengan adanya olshop telah melebihi nilai rata-rata harapan konsumen. Hasil CRI di tiap tahap respon dalam penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa semua nilai tahap respon berada hampir mencapai 100%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan olshop Golden Swalayan memberikan respon yang positif yaitu mendapatkan kesadaran konsumennya sehingga tertarik melakukan pembelian. Kata kunci:  merchandising, strategi 7T bisnis ritel, on-line shop semangat kerja karyawan.