bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audiovestibular performance in patients with low bone mineral density
Authors: Elwan Mohamed , Elmoursy Mohamed M. , Ibrahim Metwaly Ahmed M. , Ryan Mohamed M.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

Audiovestibular dysfunctions have been previously linked to osteoporosis (OP) with controversies about the mutual relationship. In this study, we aimed to assess the audiovestibular functions in patients with OP and osteopenia and to study their association with vitamin D deficiency.

Patients and methods

Of 60 patients enrolled in this study, 30 had low bone mineral density (BMD) (group I) and 30 had normal BMD (group II). After clinical examination and evaluation of serum vitamin D and calcium levels, the participants then were referred for audiovestibular assessments, which included basic audiological evaluation by pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, video-nystagmoscopy tests, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) to assess saccular function. Both participants and audiologist were blinded regarding the BMD results.

Results

There was a significant difference between patients and controls regarding the level of calcium (P=0.002) and vitamin D (P=0.001). There was a significant difference in the normal hearing threshold between both groups (P=0.005). There was no significant difference in VEMP testing (VEMP P1; P=0.489, amplitude; P=0.898). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was the most common finding in group I, among the females, where they had vitamin D deficiency (16.67±4.16) and OP (mean T score=−2.73±0.06).

Conclusions

Patients with low BMD showed a greater degree of audiovestibular dysfunction, which should be considered among the associating risk factors and comorbidities. Assessment of the audiovestibular functions should be recommended for patients with low BMD in the management guidelines.
Evaluation of serum presepsin concentrations as a biomarker of sepsis in high-risk neonates
Authors: El-Masry Hosny M.A. , Hassan Alaa-Eldin A. , Amin Hesham H. , Abd Elmoaty Mohamed A.
Published: April 2024

Background

Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. The clinical usefulness of assessment of presepsin concentration was studied and compared with other laboratory parameters in a prospective case–control study.

Patients and methods

A prospective case–control study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of Al-Azhar University Hospital (Assiut, Egypt) from July 2016 to July 2018. The authors enrolled 80 newborns: 40 at high risk of neonatal sepsis (group A), 20 septic (group B) according to Tollner clinical sepsis score greater than 2 and/or positive blood culture, and 20 controls (group C). Full medical history, clinical examination, estimation of gestational age by new Ballard score, and laboratory investigations were done. Presepsin, C-reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count, and blood culture were done during first day (D1) of admission for all neonates. Additional measurements of presepsin and CRP were done at D3 for group A, and another measurement at D5 for neonates who have increased CRP and/or appearance of signs of sepsis (group A) at D3.

Result

Initial levels of serum presepsin in 80 neonates ranged from 293 to 1648 pg/ml. Presepsin had a significant difference between groups A and B (692.9±79.49 and 1327.3±208.41 pg/ml, respectively; P<0.001***). In group A, neonates who developed clinical signs of sepsis, presepsin levels had significant difference between D1, D3, and D5 (P<0.001***). Presepsin had a significant difference between full-term and preterm neonates (P<0.001***). There was a positive correlation of presepsin with CRP and white blood cells (r=0.580 and 0.546, respectively). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most isolated organism. The receiver operating characteristic curve of presepsin at enrollment shows an area under the curve of 0.99. The best calculated cutoff value was greater than or equal to 722 pg/ml, with 100% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity.

Conclusion

Presepsin level changes early in the disease course, so it can be used as a reliable biomarker for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, and it is a promising marker for detection of improvement.
Assessment of thyroid function in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection before and after treatment with oral direct-antiviral drugs
Authors: Abdelrazik Fathy Ghamry , Hussein Mohammed Salah Ali , Shady Zakarya Mohammed Zakarya , Khorshid Mohammed Assem , Elsherif Abdelhalim A. , Al Dahshan Tarek Abd El-Kareem
Published: April 2024

Background

There are laboratory and clinical associations between liver and thyroid diseases. Hepatitis C virus is known to be responsible for both hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) provide high sustained viral response rates and much reduced adverse effects and impaired health-related quality of life during treatment.

Aim

To assess thyroid function in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) receiving DAAs before start treatment and after achieving of SVR.

Patients and methods

A prospective study was conducted on 300 patients with CHC infection who were recruited for the study after obtaining written informed consent. Full history was taken, as well as routine examination and special investigations were done for all patients before the start of the remedy and by the end of treatment with DAAs.

Results

PCR results revealed a statistically significant difference, as SVR was evident in 98% of patients. Analysis of thyroid function assessments in the present study showed that 277 (92.3%) patients were euthyroid and 23 (7.7%) patients had thyroid disorders, comprising seven (2.3%) patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, 14 (4.66%) patients with overt hypothyroidism, and two (0.7%) patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion

Thyroid function in patients with CHC infections was not damaged with treatment with DAAs for hepatitis C virus treatment. Hypothyroidism is prevalent in patients with CHC, and after treatment with DAAs, thyroid dysfunction slightly improved, especially subclinical, after achievement of SVR.
Comparative study between intramyometrial oxytocin and oxytocin analogue (carbetocin) in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean section
Authors: Kassab Farid A. , Sedek Abd E.A.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

This is a prospective randomized single-center study aimed to assess the efficacy of carbetocin versus intramyometrial oxytocin in the prevention of atonic postpartum hemorrhage following Cesarean section in high-risk women.

Patients and methods

A total of 160 women with gestational age more than 38 weeks at high risk for primary atonic postpartum hemorrhage undergoing elective or urgent cesarean section under regional or general anesthesia were randomly divided into two equal groups: group A included 80 patients, and they received oxytocin 20 IU intramyometrially. Group B included 80 patients, and they received carbetocin, 100 μg intravenously.

Results

There was no significant difference in the mean values of hematocrit before and 24 h after delivery (P>0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the estimated blood loss calculated by hematocrit values (P>0.05). Moreover, it was shown that 17.5% of women in the carbetocin group needed additional uterotonics versus 25% of women in the oxytocin group. Therefore, there was no significant difference between both groups regarding needing additional uterotonics. There were eight cases that needed more surgical intervention.

Conclusion

Both drugs are equally effective in prevention of atonic postpartum hemorrhage. There is no significant difference between single injection of carbetocin and intramyometrial 20 IU oxytocin in reducing the use of additional oxytocic agents.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 neu and E-cadherin expression in primary astrocytic brain tumors as prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Ali Mohamed Y. , El Kholy Marwa A.
Published: April 2024

Background

The primary brain tumors including astrocytic tumors, ranging from circumscribed into diffuse and glioblastoma (GBM), which is considered as a highly malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system. They share common molecular and biological abnormalities. This study was aiming to illustrate the role of c-erbB-2 protein [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 neu)] and E-cadherin expression in varied groups of astrocytic tumors.

Patients and methods

The material of this work consisted of 50 cases with histopathological diagnosis of astrocytoma and GBM. The patients were classified histopathologically into four grades based on the WHO 2007 criteria: pilocytic astrocytoma (G1), diffuse astrocytoma (G2), anaplastic astrocytoma (G3), and GBMs (G4). C-erbB-2 protein and E-cadherin expressions were estimated semiquantitatively on immunohistochemically tissue sections stained with antibodies against c-erbB-2 protein and E-cadherin.

Results

Checking HER2 scores, 29 (58%) cases were HER2 neu positive. Comparing the percentage of all cases of astrocytic tumors, it was found that the most obvious positive staining was observed predominantly in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM cases. Regarding E-cadherin, 19/50 (38%) cases were E-cadherin positive with variable expressions moderate to strong immunostaining, but was typically higher in low-grade astrocytoma than in higher grades.

Conclusions

Taken together from our and other data, HER2 overexpression may be considered a poor prognostic marker in patients with astrocytic tumors of the brain especially GBM and cadherin cell–cell contacts in astrocytoma cells may decrease its invasion, and they could become a new potential therapeutic strategy for astrocytoma's treatment.
Comparison between video head impulse and videonystagmography in patients with vertiginous migraine
Authors: Mohamed Waleed M.N. , Elzaree Gehan A. , Hassan Mahmoud M. , Mohamed Ahmed M.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

In addition to the classic migraine symptoms of vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance, vestibular migraine causes vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance. The video head impulse test (VHIT) is a novel approach for determining the function of each semicircular canal. Although videonystagmography (VNG) is an effective tool for identifying peripheral vertigo, not all patients with central vertigo can be easily detected. The goal of this research is to confirm the findings of the functional outcome of VHIT versus VNG in patients with vertiginous migraine.

Patients and methods

We selected 40 patients (both sexes) with vestibular migraine and 25 normal individuals as control. Both groups were subjected to complete clinical examination after thorough history taking, laboratory investigations, VHIT, and VNG.

Results

VNG had excellent predictive value in the patients’ group (95% confidence interval=0.891–0.998, P=0.0001) with a 96.6% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity, while VHIT had poor predictive value with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 48.1% (95% confidence interval=0.523–0.779, P=0.099).

Conclusion

VNG has a specificity and sensitivity for the prognosis of vestibular migraine that is virtually identical to VHIT.
Serum miR-155, miR-21, and CA 15.3 for diagnosis and monitoring therapy of breast cancer in females
Authors: El Khateeb Khalid O. , Abonar Abdelraouf A. , Ibrahim Mosaad M. , Shalamesh Mohamed I.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim

Carbohydrate antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) is the most frequently used tumor marker in breast cancer (BC). MicroRNAs (miRs) can be used to screen, diagnose, evaluate, and follow-up on some cancers. Our research aimed to explore the value of circulating miR-155 and miR-21 for diagnosis and monitoring therapy of BC compared with CA 15.3.

Patients and Methods

Our study included four groups: 25 women who were completely healthy, 20 women suffering from benign breast diseases, 20 patients suffering from BC after complete therapy, and 25 patients with BC before undergoing any therapy. CA 15.3, MiR-155, and miR-21 were measured for all participants.

Results

MiR-155, miR-21, and CA 15.3 levels in the four groups showed significant differences. MiR-21 is the most sensitive, followed by miR-155 and CA 15.3.

Conclusion

Serum miR-155 and Serum miR-21 could be useful tests like CA 15.3 for differentiation between women suffering from BC, women suffering from benign breast diseases, and completely healthy women.
Vitamin D assessment in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Kasem Mohamed M. Elmoursy
Published: April 2024

Background

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of peripheral vestibular disorder. Several studies have correlated between vitamin D deficiency and the development of BPPV.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to measure the serum levels of vitamin D and serum calcium in patients with BPPV and if vitamin D deficiencies have a role in the development of BPPV.

Patients and methods

The study included 50 patients with first attack of BPPV based on characteristic nystagmus on Dix-Hallpike's and Supine-Roll's tests, where serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium, including both total and ionized forms, were measured and compared with control group of 25 apparently healthy individual.

Results

The mean vitamin D level in patients with BPPV and control groups was 22.80±11.26 and 29.30±10.62 ng/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference regarding vitamin D levels in BPPV group in comparison with the control group (P=0.019). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference regarding vitamin D deficiency in patients with BPPV in comparison with the control group (P=0.046).

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency contributes to the development of BPPV through abnormal calcium metabolism in the inner ear.
Extended pterional approach with orbital flattening for suprasellar and parasellar lesions
Authors: Al-Shyal Gasser H.R.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the advantages of the extended pterional approach and compare it with more invasive and less-invasive similar approaches.

Patients and method

s This study is an observational retrospective case-series study and descriptive statistics was used. Twelve patients with suprasellar and parasellar lesions were managed in the period between January 2016 and January 2019. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological assessment were done for each patient.

Results

Twelve cases were done via this approach. There were nine females and three males. Age ranges from 2 to 55 years with a mean of 31.7 years. Regarding pathology, eight (67%) cases were meningiomas, three (25%) cases were craniopharyngiomas, while one (8.3%) case was pituitary adenoma. Most of the cases (91.7%) were presented with visual affection. The lesion was excised totally (gross total resection) in seven (58.3%) out of the 12 cases. Visual affection improved in seven (63.6%) out of 11 cases. Regarding complications, one case experienced permanent hemiparesis. One patient had deep-vein thrombosis that had been treated. One case had seizures. Approach-related complications: two cases had periorbital edema that disappeared within 1 week. One case had a rim of subdural hematoma. Frontalis nerve injury occurred in two cases, one of them improved within 6 months. We do not have a permanent cosmetic deformity with this approach.

Conclusion

The extended pterional approach has less functional and cosmetic complications and it can be done in lesser time than frontotemporal–orbitozygomatic approach. The exposure is much larger than conventional pterional approach.
Effect of corticosteroid therapy in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving ventilatory support
Authors: Abdalah Hamdy Miligi , Sayed Wageeh Hassan , El-Monim Essam Abd
Published: April 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. The chronic airflow limitation that characterizes COPD is caused by a mixture of small airway disease (e.g. obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), the relative contributions of which vary from person to person.

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of systemic corticosteroids in patients with severe acute exacerbations of COPD admitted to the ICU receiving ventilatory support.

Patients and methods

A total of 100 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD leading to hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis with pH less than 7.35 and PaCO2 more than 45 mmHg admitted to the ICU who were receiving ventilator support (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation) were included.

Results

It was noticed that steroid group had significantly lower duration of mechanical ventilation (4.67±2.76 vs. 2.76±1.11 days; P=0.01), ICU stay (5.33±2.87 vs. 7.89±3.36 days; P=0.04), and hospital stay (11.65±3.89 vs. 16.67±4.44 days; P=0.03).

Conclusion

Corticosteroid therapy was associated with significantly lower duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital stay.
Value of multislice computed tomography-coronary angiography in predicting coronary artery diseases in type-2 diabetic patients in the chest pain unit
Authors: Habour Ragab Ali Mohamed , Shawki Islam , Faragallah Ibrahim , Al-Adl Hossam
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting a wide range of the population all over the world. Microvascular and macrovascular complications are very common in diabetic patients with high incidence of affection of the coronary arteries. Rapid and efficient management in cases (especially diabetics) complaining of chest pain at the emergency department is a matter of great importance to decrease the incidence of subsequent complications. Our aim was to predict coronary artery diseases in type-2 diabetic patients with typical chest pain with normal initial cardiac investigations at the emergency room by using computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography.

Patients and methods

A total number of 100 patients were included in this study and classified into two groups: 80 patients with diabetes mellitus (group A) and 20 nondiabetic patients (group B) presented with chest pain. Complete history was taken from the cases with performing of complete physical examination, and routine laboratory and radiological investigations. Additionally, echocardiography and multislice CT-coronary angiography (coronary computed tomography angiography) were done for all cases. Also, calcium score was calculated.

Results

CT angiography revealed affection in 19 (23.8%) cases of the cases in group A with no affected cases in group B with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a high statistically significant agreement between the findings of the CT angiography and coronary angiography results (P<0.001). CT angiography had sensitivity of 70.37%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 86.89%, and accuracy of 90%.

Conclusion

An early coronary computed tomography angiography strategy has revealed high sensitivity in prediction of coronary artery disease affection as compared with ordinary coronary angiography in cases presented with chest pain to emergency department.
Study of feeding problems in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit in Minya General Hospital
Authors: Hassan Mostafa A. , Hassan Abd El-Monem M. , Mohammed Ahmed M.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

Proper nutrition in the neonate is essential for normal growth, resistance to infection, long-term health, and optimal neurologic and cognitive development. It is essential to start enteral nutrition early to infants by giving small amounts of milk to ensure that metabolic homeostasis is kept stable and to limit postnatal growth retardation. This study aimed to determine feeding problems in the newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit after starting enteral feeding in Minya General Hospital from May 2018 to August 2018.

Patients and methods

This study included 100 patients who had feeding problems, data of the patients were collected and analyzed according to standard guidelines, and values were expressed in terms of percentage.

Results

Abdominal distention was the most common feeding problem as it was in 42% of the studied cases. The most common morbidity associated with feeding problems was respiratory distress as it was in 68% of admitted cases, the common cause of distress was transient tachypnea of newborn followed by respiratory distress syndrome. The study showed a significant difference between full term and preterm regarding the method of feeding, type of milk formula, trophic feeding, and duration of parenteral nutrition.

Conclusion

The most morbidity associated with feeding problems was respiratory distress. Feeding problems increased in preterm. There was increasing incidence of feeding problems with infant formula than human milk. Also, necrotizing enterocolitis was in 11% of the studied cases and occurs mostly in preterm and the most common feeding problem was abdominal distention.
Assessment of modified Zancolli arthroplasty for basal thumb arthritis
Authors: Kornah Bahaa A. , Bayuomy Maysra A.E. , Ibrahim Ahmed G.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

The trapeziometacarpal arthritis is one of the most common joint problems affecting women after the age of 50 years. Surgery is indicated after failure of conservative treatment with continuation of pain and functional disabilities. One of the most reported and well-known surgical procedure for management of basal thumb arthritis is the ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty. The aim of the study was to evaluate patients who underwent modified Zancolli arthroplasty for basal thumb arthritis.

Patients and methods

The study included 15 patients with basal thumb arthritis (three males and 12 females). Full clinical examination and scoring of the hand was done using Quick DASH, visual analog scale, measuring range of motion, and grip strength. All patients underwent full radiological and laboratory investigations.

Results

Overall pain intensity was measured with a visual analog scale, which ranged from 5–10 preoperatively and ranged from 0 to 1 6 months postoperatively. Regarding the DASH score, there was improvement from a mean of 64.48±16.61 points preoperatively to a mean of 1.37±1.67 points postoperatively. The mean postoperative abduction was 75% to the normal side, opposition was 80% to the normal side, and power grip was 90% to the normal hand.

Conclusion

Modified Zancolli arthroplasty is an effective means of treating symptomatic patients with trapeziometacarpal arthritis who failed to improve with nonsurgical measures. This technique ensures a dynamic fixation of the apical ligament and provides better stability. The procedure is simple both technically and regarding postoperative care.
Ketoconazole 2% cream versus a combination of ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 0.1% gel in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Tawfik Khaled M. , Mahmmoud Waleed A. , Ali Amira G.E.
Published: April 2024

Background and aim

Pityriasis versicolor is a common chronic superficial fungal infection that manifests during or after puberty in hot humid temperatures. Topical treatments, which are the first line of treatment, are divided into nonspecific and specific antifungal agents; however, the therapeutic approaches for pityriasis versicolor depend mainly on synthetic antifungal drugs, in particular ketoconazole. However, due to the frequent recurrence of this disease, and the widespread application of azole drugs, resistant strains have emerged leading to increasingly failed treatment rates. Retinoic acid creams are also effective against pityriasis versicolor. Especially adapalene gel that has less irritation compared with other topical retinoid products and also has rapid onset of action. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of ketoconazole cream 2% and adapalene gel 0.01% in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.

Patients and methods

In all, 100 patients were divided equally into two groups: group 1 patients were treated with topical application ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 0.1% gel once daily for a total duration of 2 weeks. Group 2 patients were treated with a topical application ketoconazole 2% cream for a total duration of 2 weeks.

Results

There was significant improvement rates in the combined group than ketoconazole-only group with P value=0.023. Adepalene+ketoconacole group had more irritation as a side effect than the ketoconazole group with significant P value=0.001.

Conclusion

The combination of adapalene 0.1% gel and ketoconazole 2% cream is safe, rapid, and effective in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.
Detection of Steroids in Topical Fairness Preparations Using Histamine Wheal Test
Authors: Nithya Satish , Srinivas Chakravarthi R. , Lal Surendranath
Published: April 2024

Topical corticosteroid (TC) abuse is a common, worldwide, problem. One of the recent emerging concerns is the adulteration of TC in fairness cream. The presence of TC in skin-whitening cosmetic creams can be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Since HPLC is expensive, time-taking and not easily available, we suggest the use of histamine wheal test as a simple and inexpensive test to detect the presence of topical steroids in fairness cream.
Mucocutaneous Ulcers Unmasking Severe Systemic Methotrexate Toxicity – A Case-Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Janet J Vincy , Bhat Pernaje Ishwara , Prathibha J.P. , Augustine Mary , Madhukara J.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Methotrexate is a widely used immunosuppressant with good efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, one of the drawbacks of methotrexate has been toxicity due to accidental overdose. During the COVID pandemic, there was an alarming increase in the number of patients with methotrexate toxicity which prompted us to do this study.

Objective:

To evaluate the clinical features and contributing factors in patients presenting with methotrexate toxicity.

Materials and Methods:

A detailed evaluation of the clinical features, laboratory indices, contributing factors, and outcomes of the patients presenting with methotrexate toxicity was analyzed.

Results:

A total of 19 cases were seen during the study period. All of the patients had oral mucositis and several developed cutaneous ulcerations. Laboratory abnormalities included cytopenia, transaminitis, and renal impairment. While sixteen patients recovered successfully, three people died as a result of delays in medical assistance. In addition to comorbidities, pandemic-induced restrictions played a major role in patients accidentally overdosing with methotrexate.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the fact that even low-dose methotrexate taken incorrectly can result in a lethal outcome, which is preventable.
Pediatric Dermatitis Seborrhoica - A Clinical and Therapeutic Review
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Wollina Uwe
Published: April 2024

Pediatric dermatitis seborrhoica (DS) is a common inflammatory disorder of infancy and adolescence distinct from atopic dermatitis. We performed a narrative review on clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disease. The prevalence varies geographically and can reach up to 10%. There is a slight male predominance. Although etiopathology is not well known, both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute. Skin microbiome and its interaction with sebaceous gland function is crucial. The inflammatory pathways include innate immune function and skin barrier disturbances. Malassezia spp. and certain bacteria are increased in lesional skin. DS develops in different clinical subtypes, from localized cephalic to disseminated disease with a risk of erythroderma and eczema herpeticatum. Treatment consists of skin care and topical and rarely systemic medical therapy. Cornerstones of treatment are antifungals and mild corticosteroids. Targeted treatment is on the horizon. Pediatric DS is a common disorder important in the differential diagnosis of skin problems in infants and and children. Due to better understanding of its pathogenesis, new treatment options are developed.
Ectodermal Dysplasia – An Overview and Update
Authors: Dev Anubha , Malhi Kittu , Mahajan Rahul
Published: April 2024

Ectodermal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal structures like hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands. Alhough they were earlier classified according to the structures affected and hence the clinical manifestations, recent developments inch towards a genetic basis for classification. They are currently divided into four groups of disorders based on the pathway involved, which includes the ectodysplasin/nuclear factor-kappa B (NFKB) pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10 ([wingless related integration site] WNT10), tumor protein p63 (TP63), and the structural group. In spite of attempts at the segregation of the various disorders, there is a great degree of overlap in clinical features among the conditions, which makes a thorough history-taking and clinical examination important in helping us arrive at a diagnosis and judge the various systems involved. A multidisciplinary approach forms the crux of the management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias and their families, with a focus on education, counseling, prosthesis, and an overall rehabilitative outlook. Special attention must also be paid to screening family members for varying severities of the disorders, and an attempt must be made at a genetic diagnosis with genetic counseling.
IJCM_136A: Prevalence Of Risk Factors For NCDs And Its Associated Factors in Rural Field Practice Area of RDJMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur, Bihar.
Authors: Singh Tulika , Priya Prachi , Kumar Madhu Rendra , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Arun
Published: April 2024

Background:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not transmissible directly from one person to another. NCDs mainly consists of cardio vascular diseases, diabetes, stroke etc. It accounts for 68% of global deaths. The prevalence rates in India is1.6% to 7.4% and 1% to 13.2% in rural and urban population respectively.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for NCDs in rural field practice areas of RDJMMCH, Turki, Muzaffarpur.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study done among people above 30 years of age residing in study area from March to April, 2023. Data was collected using CBRA (community-based risk assessment) checklist for NCDs. Sample size of 157 was calculated assuming the prevalence of risk factor for NCDs being 30% with 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 7.5%. Systematic random and simple random sampling was applied.

Results:

Mean age of participants was 47.9 years. Majority of them were females (56%) belonging to Hindu religion (98%). 41% were illiterate and major occupation practiced was farming (74%). Prevalence of risk factor for NCDs was 17.2%. On performing Chi-Square test smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity and family history of NCDâ€™s were found to be significantly associated.

Conclusion:

As prevalence of risk factor for NCDs is 17.2%. Thus, it is the need of hour to have timely update about the disease and motivate them for healthy lifestyle.
IJCM_140A: A Study On The Medication Compliance Among Adult Registered Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus In The Urban Health Training Centre Of MMCRI, Mysuru
Authors: Nair Rachana K , Ahmed Mansoor
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globally, diabetes is one of the four priority noncommunicable diseases targeted for action because of its higher burden and complications. Good Medication adherence is essential to reduce complications of diabetes and its adverse outcomes. Non-adherence to diabetic medications is one of the critical public health challenges. Irregular access to medications, increased number of drugs, presence of side effects and lack of awareness were some of the primary reasons reported for poor adherence. Hence there is a need to assess the magnitude of these reasons so that suitable interventional measures may be adopted to reduce medication non-adherence among people with diabetes.

Objective:

1) To estimate the proportion of medication compliance among registered patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the urban health training center of MMCRI, Mysuru 2) To assess the influence of determinants on medication compliance among study subjects.

Methodology:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among registered type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients under Urban Health Training Centre, Nazarbad from June 2021 to May 2022 using Multistage random sampling. Medication Adherence was assessed using Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis

Results:

48.6% of males and 51.3% of females were involved in the study. 58.6% had good medication adherence, 5.9% had medium medication adherence and 35.45% had poor medication adherence.. In this study, we found that as the age increased the patients had poor adherence to diabetic medications. Also, socioeconomic status, gender, educational status were found to be significantly associated with adherence to medication.

Conclusion:

As the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus continues to rise in India, it is increasingly important to maintain and improve the patient’s adherence to medication for to prevent complications and to provide a better quality of life.
IJCM_142A: Perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among college students of Mangalore city- A cross sectional study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Aishwarya Guntur , Singh Monika , Kamat Rohaan , Guliani Astha , Sattigeri Amitavikram
Published: April 2024

Background:

Road traffic injuries remain a significant public health concern, contributing to a rising number of fatalities and hospitalizations, in India. Despite the proven effectiveness of helmets, cultural and practical barriers persist, especially among the youth in India.

Objectives:

To assess the perceptions and practices regarding the use of helmets among different college students of Mangalore city.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Mangalore, Karnataka, focusing college students from selected institutions. Convenience sampling was employed, with a calculated sample size of 270, and data was collected from 273 participants. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and percentages, were performed using SPSS version 11.5.

Results:

Of the 272 respondents (97.84% response rate), 85.66% were two- wheeler users, with 56.6% regularly using helmets. Full-face helmets were the most common choice, and 43.9% began using helmets following the implementation of helmet laws. Main reasons for non-compliance included concerns about excessive heat, impact on appearance, and handling difficulties. Awareness of penalties for law violation varied, with 53% aware for riders and 33% for pillion riders. While 41.5% deemed the penalty appropriate, 65% believed no one should be exempt from the law. Surprisingly, 45.16% advocated for the abolishment of the law.

Conclusion:

The study found that helmet usage is primarily driven by safety concerns, but a significant portion only started using them after legislation enforcement. Barriers to compliance included heat discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Despite awareness, a significant proportion expressed a desire for helmet laws’ abolishment, highlighting a complex relationship between awareness and compliance.
IJCM_154A: Feasibility and Adherence of the Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise (MORE) program amongst head and neck cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital in India – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Pai Hritika Deepak , Kumar K. Vijaya , Mithra Prasanna , Samuel Stephen Rajan , Athiyamaan M.S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Owing to the improvements in the diagnostic and treatment modalities, survivorship outcomes have improved drastically among cancer survivors across the globe. A mounting body of evidence states that exercise can significantly benefit physical and mental health during the various stages of anti-cancer treatment. A frequently used outcome measure used to determine exercise adherence rates and the causes for adherence and non-adherence is the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS).

Objective:

To assess the adherence of a tailored home Multimodal Oncology Rehabilitation Exercise (MORE) program amongst head and neck cancer survivors in a tertiary care hospital in India using the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS).

Methodology:

The EARS tool was provided to a sample of 22 head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors with stages III to IVb during the 3rd month follow-up. The home exercise program consisted of a template provided to the survivors on the day of discharge. The program consisted of tailored exercises i.e., cognitive motor strategies, a physical exercise program and relaxation strategies. Additionally, the participants were provided with an activity log to record the time, duration and any adverse events occurring during the exercise program.

Results:

The 6-item EARS tool was administered to the 22 HNC survivors. 45.5% of the 22 survivors regarded ‘lack of time’ as a barrier to exercising regularly. 18% of the survivors claimed to often forget exercising on a regular basis as recommended by the therapist. However, 50% of the survivors performed most or all of the exercises on a regular basis.

Conclusion:

Lack of time, forgetting to exercise and not fitting the exercises into regular routine can be regarded as essential barriers to adherence to the exercise regimen. The participants did not report any adverse events during the course of the exercise routine.
IJCM_161A: Lifestyle related risk behaviour among hypertensive fishermen: Baseline: characteristics of an interventional study
Authors: Jois Gahan S , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Eshwari K , Kunder Manjula Anil , Shivashankar K.N
Published: April 2024

Background:

Fishing forms one of the essential livelihood options of inhabitants of the coastal line of the country. It is a stressful and hazardous occupation making fishermen prone to multiple lifestyle diseases. A number of researches have revealed that modifiable risk factors of NCDs are prevalent and are associated with NCDs, including hypertension among fishermen. Risk factors contributing to these include; tobacco and alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary habits and obesity

Objective:

To identify the socio-demographic and lifestyle related risk factors among hypertensive fishermen at baseline of an interventional study

Methodology:

Baseline data for an interventional study was collected among hypertensive fishermen. Participants were recruited from Malpe and Kaup villages of Udupi district for the intervention and routine care arms respectively using a purposive sampling method identified from existing database. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire using standard protocols. A health educational video was then shown to the participants of the intervention arm. The baseline data of both arms was entered and analysed using SPSS Version.26.0.

Results:

The mean (±SD) age of 112 participating fishermen from both study arms was 58.53 (± 8.72) years. Around 62.5% and 37.5% fishermen had blood pressure in grade 2 and grade 1 range respectively. More than half (61.6%) were ever tobacco users with 50.9% indulging in the habit of smokeless tobacco chewing. Majority (90.2%) were consumers of alcohol with 33% users indulging in hazardous drinking and showing dependence patterns. Nearly three-fourth (70.6%) fishermen were found to be obese and only 1.8% showed a low risk of cardiovascular diseases based on their waist-hip ratio.

Conclusion:

Risk factors for hypertension and other NCDs like substance use and central obesity were found in more than half of the hypertensive fishermen. Novel interventions facilitating behavioural modification in such occupational groups is essential
IJCM_162A: Evidence on the Influence of Economic Variables on Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment in South Asia: Implications for Healthcare Strengthening - A Scoping Review
Authors: Dhar Redolen Rose , Rajkhowa Priyobrat , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cancer, a leading cause of death globally, imposes a substantial economic burden to the family and family members. This study focuses on the financial aspects of breast and cervical cancer treatments in South Asia, aiming to identify both the direct and indirect costs patients face and the financial barriers and enablers to accessing care. Utilizing the Arksey and O’Malley framework, a scoping review of literature from 2006 onward was conducted, examining costs associated with treatment modalities like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery for breast and cervical cancer.

Results:

Analysis of 192 records led to 12 studies being reviewed in detail. Results showed that treatment costs for cervical cancer ranged from INR 19,494 to 41,388 (USD 291 – 617), with about 62% of patients incurring catastrophic health expenditures. Breast cancer treatment also proved costly, with expenses ranging widely but averaging around Rs. 48,477. Such high out-of-pocket costs not only pose a significant financial challenge for patients but also threaten the effectiveness of international health initiatives aimed at cancer treatment and management.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that the financial burden of breast and cervical cancer treatments in South Asia is significant, highlighting the urgent need for healthcare systems to mitigate these costs. Enhancing support for both medical and non-medical expenses is essential for reducing financial strain on patients, ensuring equitable access to treatments, and advancing towards the goals of global healthcare initiatives.
IJCM_166A: A cross sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about dietary supplements among gym going medical students.
Authors: Sankar Kiran K , Khan Mudassir Azeez , Venugopal
Published: April 2024

Background:

Nutrition plays equal role as physical activity in maintaining good health and improving fitness. According to FDA, Dietary supplements are products intended to supplement the diet. They are not medicining and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure diseases. Adolescents may be vulnerable to misleading nutritional information and adopt unhealthy food habits. Food habits of the youth could be influenced by specific features related to physical training, either aimed to improve fitness or to comply with sport demands. Use of protein supplementation without professional guidance can cause adverse effects on kidney and liver functions.

Objectives:

1) To assess knowledge about dietary supplements among gym going medical students. 2) To assess the attitude and practices about dietary supplements among gym going medical students.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 gym going medical students of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute from October to November 2023 using a predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Subjects were selected using convenient sampling method. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analyzed using SPSS trial version 29.

Results:

The study included 150 participants who completed the questionnaire. More than 70% of the participants were males and around 30 % of the study population used at least 1 dietary supplement. More than 95% of them knew about the dietary supplements. Most commonly used dietary supplements were whey protein and creatine powder. Only 10% of participants consuming dietary supplements have taken a dietician’s or expert’s opinion.

Conclusion:

The study showed that significant number of participants were using dietary supplements. But majority does not take an expert’s opinion before consuming dietary supplements. Both users and non-users of dietary supplements would benefit from improved understanding of the health effects of dietary supplements through health education.
IJCM_169A: Correlation of sonographic renal dimensions with anthropometric measurements among individuals without renal disorders
Authors: Jagadish Swathi , Kalaria Keshavi M , Bhat Nagaraj , Harshita M R , Shetty Monisha , Holla Ramesh , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Motappa Rohith , Rao Mithun
Published: April 2024

Background:

Normal kidney dimensions are suggestive of normal kidney function. Degree of kidney function has a positive correlation with ultrasonic renal measurements. Co-morbid conditions affect the renal size. Therefore it becomes necessary to establish normal values of kidney dimensions for the diagnosis, prognosis and also as an early indication of renal diseases in order to prevent them.

Objectives:

To study the renal dimensions and association with socio- demographic conditions among the outpatient attendees in the study hospital.

Methodology:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among the attendees of KMC Hospitals, Mangalore. Data extraction sheet included the socio-demographic details, Anthropometric measurements, personal history, history of comorbidities and sonographic dimensions of Kidney and laboratory findings of Renal Function Test. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 29.0.

Results:

Out of 194 participants, 118(60.8%) were males. The difference between corresponding kidney lengths of males and females is found to be statistically significant. The length and anteroposterior dimension of left kidney is greater than right kidney and the difference is statistically significant. When the kidney lengths and the heights of the individual were correlated a positive correlation was obtained, (0.278) in case of right kidney and (0.245) in case of left kidney.

Conclusion:

Kidney length had positive correlation with height and BMI. Female kidney length was significantly smaller than the male kidney length. There was significant variation between right and left kidney lengths.
IJCM_170A: Exploring 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment through the utilization of the Framingham Risk Score(FRS): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saini Mohit , Bano Tanveer , Jain Seema , Singh Ganesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Gautam Neelam
Published: April 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality. A joint report by the Harvard School of Public Health and World Economic Forum highlights a substantial economic burden of $47 trillion due to CVD from 2010-2030. Predictions suggest 23.6 million deaths from CVD by 2030. Identifying individuals at CVD risk is crucial for prevention. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a key tool for estimating 10-year CVD risk.

Objective:

To estimate the ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease using Framingham heart risk assessment score.

Methodology:

In the period from January to July 2023, a cross-sectional study spanning six months was conducted at the Community Medicine OPD of LLRM Medical College, Meerut. Adult residents were interviewed, and data, comprising anthropometric measurements and blood investigations (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile), were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The Framingham Risk Score, a gender-specific algorithm, was employed to assess the 10-year cardiovascular risk for each individual.

Results:

Among 298 participants, 13.3% had an intermediate risk, and 4.2% had a high risk of cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years. Higher prevalence of intermediate and high risk was observed in males. Urban adults exhibited prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, projecting a 2.8% high-risk prediction.

Conclusion:

In this study, males exhibited a higher prevalence of intermediate and high risk than females. The projected high-risk prediction for CVD in the next 10 years among participants was 2.8%.