bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión al Desarrollo de la Tecnología de Radio Cognitiva en Bandas VHF – UHF en el Ecuador
Authors: Vega León Andy Fabricio
Published: July 2020

La paulatina demanda, sobreutilización y subutilización espectral son factores que han denotado, a nivel gubernamental y de investigación, una búsqueda de soluciones legales y tecnológicas para optimizar el uso del espectro radioeléctrico. Bajo este argumento, el documento aborda una revisión al estado del arte sobre la aplicación de la tecnología de Radio Cognitiva (RC) sobre redes de sensores inalámbricos cognitivos (CWSN, Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks), o de reúso espectral para la explotación de forma mejorada del espectro radioeléctrico en bandas VHF – UHF en el Ecuador. Esta recopilación u observación permitiría identificar el estado del arte para el desarrollo del proyecto de investigación “Smart UNL”, que pretende desplegar una red de sensores inalámbricos basados en Radio Cognitiva (RC), para control de luminarias dentro de un Smart Campus. Los resultados evidencian cero aprovechamientos del concepto fundamental de RC para este tipo de aplicaciones, ya que los trabajos investigados se orientan a otro tipo de estudios de telecomunicaciones RC, lo que entrevé un amplio campo de aplicación y desarrollo de CWSN para una posible gestión y control de componentes de un Smart Campus.
La Gestión de Calidad, la Competitividad, el Financiamiento y la Formalización en las Mype de la Provincia de Sullana, Perú
Authors: Ramos Rosas Carlos David
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar las principales características de la gestión de calidad, la competitividad, el financiamiento y la formalización en las MYPE de la Provincia de Sullana, Perú. La investigación expone el alcance descriptivo y enfoque mixto (Cualitativo - Cuantitativo). Se determina una muestra de 177 microempresas de Sullana. Esta investigación permite obtener los siguientes resultados: el 54% casi siempre se financia por medio de bancos; el 54% utiliza algunas veces el financiamiento para capital de trabajo; el 46% controla sus ventas; el 26% cree que el crecimiento de las ventas mide el desarrollo de la empresa; el 100% define sus objetivos para planificar la calidad de sus productos; el 100% desarrolla un plan de formación que permite contribuir con el crecimiento y la mejora competitiva de los trabajadores; el 85% durante el proceso de planificación de calidad establecen periodos para seguir los procesos que se emplean en la elaboración de sus productos. En conclusión, los empresarios muestran mayor tendencia a recurrir al financiamiento de terceros, especialmente a los bancos. Además, consideran que su MYPE es competitiva, pero reciben trabas para obtener la licencia de funcionamiento.
Traditional Approaches and Medicinal Plants in Treatment of Epilepsy in West and East Africa
Authors: Mballow Abdoulie Essa , Kahwa Ivan , Abdelgadir Abdelgadir A. , Adelina Thomas , Ogwang Patrick Engeu
Published: July 2020

Background: Epilepsy has affected over sixty million people around the globe. Traditionally, communities have opted for complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to help in the treatment of epilepsy which has worked for them and with minimal side effects. Methodology: A literature search was conducted from PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and many other sites that had studied on traditional approaches and medicinal plants which have been used commonly in west and east African communities and whose anticonvulsant or antiepileptic activities have been experimentally studied. Results: A total number of five traditional approaches for healing and nineteen medicinal plants were identified as the most commonly used by communities in west and east Africa, based on the literature which was available in ethnobotanical
surveys and had experimental studies on anticonvulsant or antiepileptic conducted. Conclusion: In this study, twenty-four traditional approaches and medicinal plants were found in west and east Africa for the treatment
of epilepsy. Further study on the phytoconstituents present in the medicinal plants should be carried out to isolate the active principles and to prove their pharmacological activities. Inclusion of the other well approved
healing approaches and techniques recommended in epilepsy treatment in health settings.
Theory of Construction of the Giza Plateau Pyramids (Original title: Hypothesis of construction of the pyramids of the valley* of Gizeh (Giza))
Authors: Rodríguez Varona Carlos Eduardo , Rodríguez Vives Dámaso René
Published: July 2020

The following theory pretends to expose the probable technique used by ancient Egyptians to lift and rise at the height of 145 meters all blocks and constructive elements that compound the pyramids of the Giza plateau, specially the Khufu pyramid. Two types of ramps are exposed in the work. The model elaboration was made taking approximate dimensions that have blocks that compound the pyramids – more precisely, Khufu pyramid -, utilizing geometric basic forms, physics-mathematical simple reasoning and measures of common lengths to the epoch. A suitable angle for the slope must be determined to make possible annulling almost completely the action of gravity force, to obtain a ramp that satisfies two fundamental conditions: I- Transform the moving blocks work to overcome only the friction force when dragging them and not into overcome the action of gravity force on them. II- Facilitate move the blocks in a comfortable, safe and fast way, making possible to accomplish complex maneuvers with a minimum risk; even when its implies traveling bigger distances and to transfer a bigger number of elements that compose ramps and their talus. The First type of ramps constitute the main part of this work due it provides the effective technique to solve the incognita of how were raised all constructive components to reach the desired height of 146 meters that had the Khufu pyramid in their splendor times. The second type of ramps provides the technique to improve to the maximum the existent relation between the pyramid constructive process and the possibilities to
Optical Detection of the 1.1 day Variability at the White Dwarf GD 394 with TESS
Authors: Wilson David J. , Hermes J. J. , Gänsicke Boris T.
Published: July 2020

Recent discoveries have demonstrated that planetary systems routinely survive the post-main-sequence evolution of their host stars, leaving the resulting white dwarf with a rich circumstellar environment. Among the most intriguing of such hosts is the hot white dwarf GD 394, exhibiting a unique 1.150 ± 0.003 day flux variation detected in Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) observations in the mid-1990s. The variation has eluded a satisfactory explanation, but hypotheses include channeled accretion producing a dark spot of metals, occultation by a gas cloud from an evaporating planet, or heating from a flux tube produced by an orbiting iron-cored planetesimal. We present observations obtained with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) of GD 394. The space-based optical photometry demonstrates a 0.12 ± 0.01% flux variation with a period of 1.146 ± 0.001 days, consistent with the EUVE period and the first re-detection of the flux variation outside of the extreme ultraviolet. We describe the analysis of the TESS light curve and measurement of the optical variation, and discuss the implications of our results for the various physical explanations put forward for the variability of GD 394.
Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae
Authors: George Kai Horst
Published: July 2020

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.
The role of the audit in the prevention and detection of corruption events: Evidence of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games
Authors: Furtado Lorena , Antonovz Tatiane , Peixe Blenio , Correa Michael
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyze the actions related to evidences of corruption practices in the light of the Public Choice Theory, from the opportunism point of view. As a focus of investigated policy, the study was focused to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games held in Brazil.Design/methodology/approach: The analyzed data were the audit reports issued by the Comptroller General of Brazil (CGU) and the news published by The Guardian and Le Monde, both from 2009 to 2016. This information passed through content analysis and the software was the Nvivo.Findings: Regarding the audit reports, from 41 units, 17 presented inconsistencies about the bidding process or execution after such procedure, and in some cases concomitantly, that indicates corruption practices. Changing to the news, 34 from a sample of 38 units were analyzed.Research limitations/implications: Notes related to non-opening of contracting processes, exemptions from bidding, use of invitation letter in an inappropriate manner, lack of competition among companies in the market, subcontracting of companies by contracted ones, which disqualified the bidding process, favoritism among other irregularities pointed out for possible corruption practices.Originality/value: These documents presented actions related to bribes, illegalities in bidding processes and investigations related to politics in Brazil, corroborating the Public Choice Theory regarding opportunistic practices of managers in the primacy for one policy over others.
Design of Mobile Application for Community Health Workers: A Case Study in Rwanda
Authors: Emmanuel Gahizi , Emanuel Andi Wahju Rahardjo , Setyohadi Djoko Budiyanto
Published: July 2020

Community health workers (CHWs) are the basis of public health services that aim to connect the gap between public health and the human service system. This gap can be completely bridged by navigating the health and human service systems and educating communities on disease prevention. Unfortunately, the way of sharing, accessing information, and delivering health services is still non-digitalized in Rwanda. Community Health workers use a manual system in their daily activities, which is prone to error and falsification. Moreover, these people selected to perform these activities often do not have adequate knowledge about diseases and health systems since they are not professional health workers. To address the above problem, we designed a prototype mobile application to enable these workers to automatically submit reports, transfer knowledge, share information, and receive training from professionals.  The design process followed a User-Centered Design approach to meet the users’ requirements. The evaluation of the design showed that 91.7% of the CHWs agreed with the designed application prototype.  This finding shows that CHWs has an interest in using the mobile application in their work. Using the mobile application will help CHWs to improve data collection, the reporting process, and ease of receiving training.
A Model for Mobile Learning Integration in Higher Education Based on Students’ Expectations
Authors: Todoranova Latinka Ivanova , Nacheva Radka Valerieva , Sulov Vladimir Stoyanov , Penchev Bonimir Penchev
Published: July 2020

Mobile learning can be identified as the next stage in the development of e-learning. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to propose a model for mobile learning integration in higher education which is based on analysis of students’ expectations. То achieve this goal, a survey has been conducted among students enrolled in programs in the field of information and communication technologies. The analysis of the collected data shows that students have mobile devices, which they use not only for communication on social networks, but also for education. In addition, their expectations regarding mobile learning have been identified taking into account their study program and their previous experience with an e-learning platform.
Étude archéozoologique d’un dépotoir du xive siècle au château de Suscinio (Sarzeau, Morbihan)
Authors: Borvon Aurélia
Published: July 2020

Les vestiges fauniques analysés proviennent du château de Suscinio (Sarzeau, Morbihan). Les fouilles archéologiques menées depuis 2013 ont dévoilé de grandes quantités de restes osseux, notamment en provenance d’un dépotoir daté du xive siècle. Des prélèvements de sédiments ont été réalisés en vue de récolter les plus petits éléments fauniques comme les restes ichthyologiques. Plus de 7 300 vestiges sont issus de ce dépotoir, dont un peu plus de 700 sont identifiés, essentiellement des mammifères et des poissons. Une dizaine de taxons mammaliens domestiques comme sauvages ont été reconnus. Les ossements de caprinés dominent. Les restes d’espèces sauvages sont nombreux, avec 15 % des restes identifiés de mammifères, spécialement ceux du daim. La présence de l’ours et du marsouin est également à signaler. Les rares ossements aviaires correspondent surtout à la poule. Parmi les restes ichthyologiques, plus de 20 taxons ont été identifiés, essentiellement marins. La famille des labridés (vieilles et crénilabres) est particulièrement bien représentée. Les ossements de merlu, de rouget et de divers poissons plats sont également assez nombreux. Les vestiges fauniques proviennent en majorité d’espèces consommées. La diversité, particulièrement dans le cas des poissons, et la forte présence du gibier à poils, spécialement représenté par le daim, sont révélatrices du statut social élevé des consommateurs.
O rádio cativo nas escolas radiofônicas
Authors: Maciel Rogerio Andrade
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo analisa os sentidos e significados do rádio cativo para os caboclos ingênuos nas escolas radiofônicas da Prelazia do Guamá, Amazônia paraense (1961-1971). Para isso, a metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem da Nova História Cultural. As fontes foram identificadas no Tribunal de Contas da Diocese de Bragança com seus respectivos ‘livros de tombo’, dentre outras. Desse modo, foi diagnosticado que o rádio cativo operava enquanto um objeto de consumo e ensino para alfabetizar e escolarizar os caboclos ingênuos, jovens e adultos. Assim, a partir dos resultados, é fato que o funcionamento do rádio cativo nas escolas radiofônicas está associado a outros artefatos culturais, tais como as antenas, as castanhas, os fios de cobre e os transmissores.
Charaterization and Preparation of PA6/EPDM-g-MAH/OMMT Polymer Alloys Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Huan Peng , Li Pei Yao , Gu Zheng , Wang Li , Song Guo Jun
Published: July 2020

The Polyamide 6 (PA6)/ maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM-g-MAH)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by melt extrusion method at different contents of OMMT fillers. The content of OMMT were studied to discuss the mechanical properties, thermal resistance properties and melt-crystal behavior of the nanocomposites. The results were summarized as follows: The PA6/EPDM-g-MAH/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared using melt extrusion method. The influence of the OMMT filler contents on the properties of PA6/EPDM-g-MAH/OMMT nanocomposites were studied. The mechanical properties and thermal resistance properties were improved with the addition of OMMT. The results showed that when the content of OMMT was 3.5wt%, comparing to the pure PA6, the bending strength was improved 31.7%, the notch impact strength was improved by 40.5%, and the heat deflection temperature was improved by 31.1°C. This kind of nanocomposites had good application prospects.
Investigation of Polymer/OMMT Nanocomposites-Influence Factor and Mechanism of Substructure Morphology
Authors: Zhao Shi Hai , Li Pei Yao , Gu Zheng , Wang Li , Song Guo Jun
Published: July 2020

By mechanical blending method or melt extrusion method, several kinds of poymers and OMMT were selected with different mixing progress and conditions, and several polymer/OMMT nanocomposites with different substructure morphology were prepared. The properties of polymer/OMMT nanocomposites were investigated. Firstly, several types of OMMT were prepared with different layer spacing, the results of XRD and TEM showed that the OMMT with larger layer spacing would form exfoliation nanocomposites, and then the schemes explained the mechanism. The polyethylene (such as LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE) composited with the same OMMT indicated the influence of different molecular chain structure. Different morphology of PP/OMMT and EPDM/OMMT nano-composites were discussed to find the relationship of shear force effecting structure.
A POÉTICA DO SAGRADO NA OBRA ESCULTÓRICA DE JOSÉ RESENDE
Authors: Momesso Orandi , Resende José
Published: July 2020

José Resende se formou arquiteto em 1967, iniciou suas atividades como artista ainda quando cursava a faculdade. Participou de inúmeras exposições coletivas em diversos museus no Brasil e no exterior, inclusive Bienais de Paris e Veneza e Sidney, e de várias Bienais de São Paulo. Sua primeira exposição individual foi no MASP em 1974.  Desde então ininterrupta e regularmente por mais de 50 anos expõe seu trabalho, tendo peças de grandes dimensões instaladas em espaços públicos nas cidades de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Porto Alegre, assim como em Vancouver. Foi professor na ECA da Universidade de São Paulo, na Universidade Mackenzie e na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Recentemente inaugurou o Instituto José Resende em São José do Barreiro que tem por finalidade conservar e divulgar seu trabalho.
Philosophical judgment of memory phenomenon methodological
conceptualization in the study of J. Baudrillard's legacy
Authors: Maltsev Oleg
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Current trends determine the prerequisites of praxeological and epistemological understanding of sustainable social development vector, as well as relevant strate-gies for the educational improvement aimed at gaining relevant skills that allow one to achieve his goals and results. Since global world transformations correlated to overwhelming systemic crises and contradictions as well as the transition of humani-ty lead to a new course of civilizational development characterized by dynamic processes of digitization, the spread of hyperreality, the transition of human activity are merging within a virtual dimension.

The purpose of the following scientific exploration is to apply the heuristic memory models knowledge to the interpretation of the praxeological results within methodological conceptualisation; it is directed at analyzing the heritage of Jean Baudrillard's personality, his projects, contributions to the development of philoso-phy and science; issues preserved in the living memory of experts for methodologi-cal value in education and self-education, in the practice of developing the skills, as well as relevant skills regarding the next generations.
As a result of our scientific report, we shall consider the role and influence of the environment and the "constructs" of world memory and history on the formation of the memory of the personality, its works, achievements, and fruits of creativity, on the determination of the contents of the personality's memory, and also on how these data can be used in modern conditions for the activity approach.
PENYESUAIAN DIRI MAHASISWA DALAM BELAJAR DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA STAI AULIAURRASYIDIN T.A. 2016/2017
Authors: Boharudin Boharudin , Liana Dina
Published: July 2020

Belajar di perguruan tinggi melibatkan proses yang lebih kompleks, mulai dari sistem perkuliahan, cara belajar, dan tugas-tugas perkuliahan, yang menuntut mahasiswa untuk dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan pola kehidupan belajar di perguruan tinggi, terutama mahasiswa tahun pertama, yang berada pada periode transisi dari sekolah menengah atas ke perguruan tinggi. Kesuksesan mahasiswa dalam belajar di perguruan tinggi banyak dipengaruhi oleh berbagai factor, salah satunya adalah penyesuaian diri. Kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan pola belajar di perguruan tinggi diduga berpengaruh terhadap perolehan prestasi belajarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) penyesuaian diri mahasiswa dalam belajar 2) tingkat capaian prestasi belajar mahasiswa, 3) hubungan penyesuaian diri mahasiswa dalam belajar dan prestasi belajar, 4) perbedaan penyesuaian diri mahasiswa dalam belajar berdasarkan aspek jenis kelamin.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 171 orang, yang dipilih dengan teknik proporsional random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket tertutup dengan mengunakan model skala Likert. Tujuan Penelitian pertama dan kedua dianalisis dengan teknik persentase, tujuan penelitian ketiga dianalisis dengan teknik korelasi Pearson, dan tujuan penelitian keempat dianalis dengan teknik uji beda (t-tes) .Temuan penelitian ini: 1) secara umum penyesuaian diri mahasiswa dalam belajar berada pada katagori sedang, 2) secara umum prestasi belajar mahasiswa berada pada katagori sedang, 3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara penyesuaian diri mahasiswa dalam belajar dan prestasi belajar dengan nila rxy 0,541, 4) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan penyesuaian diri dalam belajar berdasarkan jenis kelamin, dimana penyesuaian diri mahasiswa wanita lebih tinggi dibanding penyesuaian diri mahasiswa pria.
Factores de permanencia empresarial, como punto de partida para el fortalecimiento de los emprendimientos sociales.
Authors: Becerra Bizarron Manuel Ernesto , Delgado Diaz Luz Amparo , Sandoval Ballesteros Georgina Dolores
Published: July 2020

En la actualidad la situación de los emprendimientos de un negocio se ve cada vez más complicada,  enfrenta problemas que causan el fracaso en sus primeros años de operación, el propósito de este artículo es analizar los factores de permanencia empresarial de los emprendimientos sociales, que sirva como referencia para desarrollar líneas de acción que fortalezcan la operación, utilizando un instrumento de 13 factores desarrollado con base en el recorrido contextual y teórico, aplicado a 15 administradores de emprendimientos sociales con 5 años o más de operación como criterio de inclusión, obteniendo como resultados principales la Identidad Organizacional, la Diferenciación y La Eficiencia en los procesos.
Procedimento de solução amistosa perante a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: casos brasileiros
Authors: Lopes Ana Maria D´Ávila , Damasceno Mara Lívia
Published: July 2020

No âmbito do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, cabe à Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) promover a construção de soluções consensuais entre o Estado denunciado e as presumidas vítimas. Esse procedimento é denominado Procedimento de Solução Amistosa (PSA), sendo objeto do presente trabalho demonstrar os benefícios do seu uso para as partes e a sociedade em geral. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica na doutrina nacional e comparada, bem como pesquisa documental na legislação e jurisprudência internacional. Dos 156 casos resolvidos, até agosto 2019, via o PSA, dois envolveram o Estado brasileiro, culminando no reconhecimento internacional da sua responsabilidade pela violação de direitos humanos e a sua obrigação de adotar diversas medidas (compensação econômica, satisfação, restituição, não repetição e reabilitação), que beneficiaram ampla e sistematicamente às vítimas e à sociedade.
Management of Coronary Artery Aneurysm – Report of two cases
Authors: Jadhav KP , Narasa Raju K , Reddy R , Sridhar KS , Ramani S , Mane SS
Published: July 2020

Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is described as a localized dilatation of a coronary artery segment by more than 1.5-fold compared with the adjacent normal segments. The incidence of CAA varies from 0.3 to 5.3% with atherosclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, congenital disorders, Kawasaki disease, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) being the common etiologic factors.

Owing to its varying presentation and absence of robust treatment guidelines, management of CAA is a challenge. Management of every patient must be tailored according to the presentation and expertise of the cardiac team available. Here, we present case reports of two patients with CAA who presented with acute coronary syndrome.

As a result of unstable presentation, both patients underwent immediate intervention (CABG and PCI respectively) with successful revascularization having no complication and mortality.
O Divino e o Racional no Direito: notas para um diálogo entre sistemas jurídicos
Authors: Nasser Salem Hikmat , Ghirardi José Garcez
Published: July 2020

O problema da fundamentação do Direito é um dos pontos centrais para o estudo comparado de sistemas jurídicos. A clivagem entre sistemas baseados na Razão e sistemas baseados do divino marca a maior parte dos estudos contemporâneos nesse campo que, de maneira geral listam os ordenamentos ocidentais no primeiro grupo, e os orientais, no segundo. Esse artigo examina criticamente os fundamentos dessa distinção, por meio da análise da construção histórica das relações entre transcendente e imanente nos discursos sobre o jurídico na Europa Ocidental e no Islã. Propõe-se que os pontos de contato entre esses sistemas são mais numerosos, e mais complexos, do que propõem discursos tradicionais sobre regimes laicos e regimes teocráticos. O argumento se desenvolve tomando como principais matrizes teóricas BERMAN (2009), CHAUMON (2004), GILLEPSIE (2008), KÜNG (2010), SACK (1998) e TAYLOR (1989, 2007).
Regulação do discurso de ódio: análise comparada em países do Sul Global
Authors: Pereira Jane Reis Gonçalves , Oliveira Renan Medeiros de , Coutinho Carolina Saud
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um panorama comparativo do tratamento do discurso de ódio em diferentes países do Sul Global. Os estudos de direito comparado, em geral, analisam o tema nos Estados Unidos e em países europeus. Há uma lacuna na pesquisa do discurso de ódio nos países do Sul Global, os quais têm características históricas, políticas, sociais, culturais e econômicas semelhantes, com destaque para os elevados índices de desigualdade. Assim, foram selecionados cinco países que guardam semelhanças entre si e com o Brasil. São eles: África do Sul, Argentina, Colômbia, Índia e México. Em cada um deles, apresentamos uma breve contextualização, o modelo jurídico adotado, a jurisprudência, e uma análise crítica sobre o tratamento do tema no país. Ao final, é realizada uma reflexão sobre os desafios de enfrentamento do discurso de ódio pela via jurisdicional em países altamente desiguais e apontamos caminhos possíveis para o tratamento do tema. Para efetivar essa análise, partiremos de um conceito operacional heterogêneo de discurso de ódio, capaz de abranger diferentes tipos de manifestação de intolerância. O estudo segue metodologia de direito comparado, com foco para as abordagens classificatória e contextualista, levando em consideração, também, a abordagem funcionalista.
Accelerating methane growth rate from 2010 to 2017: leading contributions from the tropics and East Asia
Authors: Yin Yi , Chevallier Frederic , Ciais Philippe , Bousquet Philippe , Saunois Marielle , Zheng Bo , Worden John , Bloom A. Anthony , Parker Robert , Jacob Daniel , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Frankenberg Christian
Published: July 2020

Abstract. After stagnating in the early 2000s, the atmospheric methane growth rate has been positive since 2007 with a significant acceleration starting in 2014. While causes for previous growth rate variations are still not well determined, this recent increase can be studied with dense surface and satellite observations. Here, we use an ensemble of six multi-tracer atmospheric inversions that have the capacity to assimilate the major tracers in the methane oxidation chain – namely methane, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide – to simultaneously optimize both the methane sources and sinks at each model grid. We show that the recent surge of the atmospheric growth rate between 2010–2013 and 2014–2017 is most likely explained by an increase of global CH4 emissions by 17.5 ± 1.5 Tg yr−1 (mean ± 1σ), while variations in CH4 sinks remained small. The inferred emission increase is consistently supported by both surface and satellite observations, with leading contributions from the tropics wetlands (~ 35 %) and anthropogenic emissions in China (~ 20 %). Such a high consecutive atmospheric growth rate has not been observed since the 1980s and corresponds to unprecedented global total CH4 emissions.
Response of carbon and water fluxes to meteorological and phenological variability in two eastern North American forests of similar age but contrasting species composition – a multiyear comparison
Authors: Beamesderfer Eric R. , Arain M. Altaf , Khomik Myroslava , Brodeur Jason J. , Burns Brandon M.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The annual carbon and water dynamics of two eastern North American
temperate forests were compared over a 6-year period from 2012 to 2017.
The geographic location, forest age, soil, and climate were similar between
the two stands; however, stand composition varied in terms of tree
leaf-retention and shape strategy: one stand was a deciduous broadleaf
forest, while the other was an evergreen needleleaf forest. The 6-year mean
annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of the coniferous forest was
slightly higher and more variable (218±109 g C m−2 yr−1)
compared to that of the deciduous forest NEP (200±83 g C m−2 yr−1). Similarly, the 6-year mean annual evapotranspiration (ET) of the
coniferous forest was higher (442±33 mm yr−1) than that of the
deciduous forest (388±34 mm yr−1), but with similar interannual
variability. Summer meteorology greatly impacted the carbon and water fluxes
in both stands; however, the degree of response varied among the two stands.
In general, warm temperatures caused higher ecosystem respiration (RE),
resulting in reduced annual NEP values – an impact that was more pronounced
at the deciduous broadleaf forest compared to the evergreen needleleaf
forest. However, during warm and dry years, the evergreen forest had largely
reduced annual NEP values compared to the deciduous forest. Variability in
annual ET at both forests was related most to the variability in annual air
temperature (Ta), with the largest annual ET observed in the warmest years
in the deciduous forest. Additionally, ET was sensitive to prolonged dry
periods that reduced ET at both stands, although the reduction at the
coniferous forest was relatively larger than that of the deciduous forest.
If prolonged periods (weeks to months) of increased Ta and reduced
precipitation are to be expected under future climates during summer months
in the study region, our findings suggest that the deciduous broadleaf
forest will likely remain an annual carbon sink, while the carbon
sink–source status of the coniferous forest remains uncertain.
The impact of a simple representation of non-structural carbohydrates on the simulated response of tropical forests to drought
Authors: Jones Simon , Rowland Lucy , Cox Peter , Hemming Deborah , Wiltshire Andy , Williams Karina , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Liu Junjie , da Costa Antonio C. L. , Meir Patrick , Mencuccini Maurizio , Harper Anna B.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Accurately representing the response of ecosystems to environmental change in land surface models (LSMs) is crucial to making accurate predictions of future climate. Many LSMs do not correctly capture plant respiration and growth fluxes, particularly in response to extreme climatic events. This is in part due to the unrealistic assumption that total plant carbon expenditure (PCE) is always equal to gross carbon accumulation by photosynthesis. We present and evaluate a simple model of labile carbon storage and utilisation (SUGAR) designed to be integrated into an LSM, which allows simulated plant respiration and growth to vary independent of photosynthesis. SUGAR buffers simulated PCE against seasonal variation in photosynthesis, producing more constant (less variable) predictions of plant growth and respiration relative to an LSM that does not represent labile carbon storage. This allows the model to more accurately capture observed carbon fluxes at a large-scale drought experiment in a tropical moist forest in the Amazon, relative to the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator LSM (JULES). SUGAR is designed to improve the representation of carbon storage in LSMs and provides a simple framework that allows new processes to be integrated as the empirical understanding of carbon storage in plants improves. The study highlights the need for future research into carbon storage and allocation in plants, particularly in response to extreme climate events such as drought.
Late Holocene (0–6 ka) sea-level changes in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Bender Maren , Mann Thomas , Stocchi Paolo , Kneer Dominik , Schöne Tilo , Illigner Julia , Jompa Jamaluddin , Rovere Alessio
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Spermonde Archipelago, off the coast of southwest Sulawesi, consists of
more than 100 small islands and hundreds of shallow-water reef areas. Most
of the islands are bordered by coral reefs that grew in the past in response
to paleo relative sea-level changes. Remnants of these reefs are preserved
today in the form of fossil microatolls. In this study, we report the
elevation, age, and paleo relative sea-level estimates derived from fossil
microatolls surveyed in five islands of the Spermonde Archipelago. We
describe 24 new sea-level index points, and we compare our dataset with both
previously published proxies and with relative sea-level predictions from a
set of 54 glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, using different
assumptions on both ice melting histories and mantle structure and
viscosity. We use our new data and models to discuss Late Holocene (0–6 ka) relative sea-level changes in our study area and their implications in terms of modern relative sea-level estimates in the broader South and Southeast Asia region.
La Cooperativa de Iniciativa Social: un modelo de Empresa Social en España
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Díaz-Foncea Millán , Marcuello Carmen
Published: July 2020

Este artículo aborda una figura organizacional del ámbito de la Economía Social española apenas analizada hasta ahora en la literatura académica: la cooperativa de iniciativa social (CIS). A través de un análisis descriptivo, el artículo ofrece una primera aproximación para delimitar, cuantificar y caracterizar las cooperativas de iniciativa social en España. La investigación se basa fundamentalmente en los datos cedidos por los Registros autonómicos y provinciales de cooperativas. Dicha información ha permitido analizar el contexto y proceso de institucionalización en el que surgen las CIS en España, el marco normativo que las regula en cada comunidad autónoma, la cuantificación del número de CIS existentes en España y la evolución de la creación de estas entidades, su distribución geográfica, su tamaño en términos de número inicial de socios y capital social inicial, y su distribución sectorial. Además, se ha podido realizar también un análisis comparativo de las CIS con el conjunto del sector cooperativo. Los resultados permiten obtener el siguiente perfil: en 2017 existían 647 CIS activas en España, localizadas principalmente en Andalucía, Cataluña, País Vasco y Madrid. Las CIS son entidades de pequeño tamaño, que tienden a crearse con menos de 5 socios y un capital social inicial de menos de 5.000 euros. Su actividad se localiza fundamentalmente en los sectores de Educación y de Servicios sociales y sanitarios. El perfil obtenido para la CIS encaja perfectamente en la conceptualización europea de empresa social, al combinar una dimensión económica, social y de gobernanza democrática. En esta línea, contribuimos a la literatura internacional sobre empresa social, abordando los recientes llamamientos de diversos autores para comenzar a contrastar empíricamente las conceptualizaciones existentes de empresa social con la amplia variedad de modelos y experiencias que existen en el mundo. Así, el estudio se sitúa en una línea de trabajo emergente que está mapeando y analizando el surgimiento, desarrollo y características de distintas tipologías de empresa social en diferentes territorios.
Análisis de inestabilidad del talud tramo NIC-7 (km 177-178) Santo Tomás, departamento de Chontales
Authors: Vega Laguna Christian Josué , Velásquez Espinoza Gema De los Ángeles
Published: July 2020

El objeto de investigación del presente artículo se enfocó en el análisis de inestabilidad de ladera en un tramo de la carretera NIC-7 que conecta los municipios de Juigalpa-Santo Tomás departamento de Chontales. La metodología empleada se basó en determinar parámetros que conducen a la formación de deslizamientos, entre ellos: la litología, meteorización, ángulo de pendiente, fracturamiento de cuerpos rocosos y la precipitación como factor detonante, ilustrando mediante modelos en 2D realizado en software un posible deslizamiento, para evaluar las condiciones del talud y el factor de seguridad, designando así el estado de la ladera objeto de investigación. Los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de laboratorio, mostraron que los materiales en este caso suelo y roca presentan bajos parámetros de resistencia mecánica como son: ángulo de fricción, cohesión y peso, al realizar la modelación en el software se presentan factores de seguridad bajos producto las condiciones de los materiales, grado de pendiente, sumado a ello el peso de estructuras y tráfico vehicular. Dejando como conclusión que el estado de la ladera en el tramo de la carretera Nic-7 (km 177-178) es inestable e inseguro.
A New Splitting Technique for Solving Nonlinear Equations by an Iterative Scheme
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan
Published: July 2020

Using a new trick, the nonlinear equation is recast to a coupled system consisting of a linear equation and a nonlinear equation. For the latter, with a weight factor we split the nonlinear term into two parts on both sides of the equation. When the two-dimensional nonlinear system is linearized around the iteration point to be a linear system, we can easily solve it and develop a fast convergent iterative scheme to solve nonlinear equations. In order to further enhance the convergence speed, a linear term is added on both sides of the first linear equation, which results to a very powerful iterative scheme with parameter being analyzed by the eigenvalues. The new iterative scheme is proved to be absolutely convergent, and the number of iterations for convergence is estimated. The merits of the present iterative scheme are insensitive to the initial guess of the solution, convergent very fast, and without needing of the differentials of the function.
Network Interference Negatively Predicts Relationship Quality and Mental Health in Dating Couples
Authors: Murphy Blakely , Fiori Katherine , Stein James
Published: July 2020

Although research shows that perceived social network approval of one’s romantic relationship is linked to higher levels of relationship quality and stability, whether an individual’s opinion of their partner’s network is associated with relationship quality and/or individual mental health remains underexplored. In the present study, we addressed this gap in the research by conducting an online survey of 202 participants between the ages of 18 and 29 who reported currently being in a nonmarital relationship of at least 6 months (81% female; 76% White). Four hierarchical linear regressions were performed to test the associations of reported interference from partner’s friends and family, as well as reported tension regarding partner’s friends and family, on relationship quality and depressive symptoms, controlling for a variety of background variables. Results revealed that reported interference from and tension about partner’s friends negatively predicted relationship quality, whereas interference from and tension about partner’s family did not. In contrast, neither interference from family nor friends predicted depressive symptoms, whereas tension about relationships with both family and friends positively predicted depressive symptoms. Furthermore, trust in the romantic relationship only reduced the associations between interference from and tension about partner’s friends and relationship quality. Our findings indicate the importance of considering the role of the wider social network in couples’ relationships.
Medical and Mental Health Comorbidities Among Minority Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Naheed , Conway C. Andrew
Published: July 2020

Objective. To examine the prevalence of and the association between comorbid disorders and race/ethnicity in the United States. Methods. Using cross-sectional data from the 2012 National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [N=45,207,844], we examined comorbidity of psychological distress with self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, angina, and with history of heart attack and stroke. Logistic regression was used to examine between group differences by race/ethnicity. Results. Unadjusted results indicate that American Indian [OR 4.01, 95%CI: 1.78, 9.04] and Hispanic [OR 1.55, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.33] participants were more likely to have psychological distress and history of heart attack in comparison to Whites. American Indians were more likely to have psychological distress with angina [OR 3.82, 95%CI: 1.92, 7.63], and with history of stroke [OR 4.25, 95%CI: 2.16-8.26] in unadjusted results when compared to White participants. Conclusions. Our results suggest that racial/ethnic minority groups are more likely to suffer from comorbid mental health and medical conditions, which may be a result of stress arising from discrimination and historical oppression of these populations.
Supporting Survivors of Public Mass Shootings
Authors: Cowan Rebecca G. , Blum Craig , Szirony Gary , Cicchetti Richard J
Published: July 2020

Mass casualty incidents, particularly mass shootings, are a serious issue in the United States. These incidents have increased over the past two decades and more than 32 public mass shootings have occurred since 2016, with approximately 12.8 incidents occurring each year. Since 1966, there have been over 1,202 fatalities and countless injuries due to public mass shooting incidents. Therefore, it is essential that professional counselors are equipped to treat primary, secondary, and tertiary victims of these incidents. The purpose of this article is to examine the current literature on public mass shootings, including psychological consequences, treatment considerations, ethical and legal issues, and cultural factors. Vicarious traumatization and self-care are also explored. Recommendations for training and resources are offered, and implications for professional counselors and counselor trainees are discussed.
Verhaltens- und verhältnisbezogene Primärprävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Recht der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Gebert Christian
Published: July 2020

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sind in der Medizin von zunehmender Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren sind beide Instrumente auch in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung wieder stärker in den Fokus gerückt. Die sich daraus ergebenden rechtlichen Fragen behandelt diese Arbeit. Dabei wird zunächst auf die verfassungsrechtlichen Grundfragen der Implementierung dieser beiden Instrumente in das System der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung eingegangen. Anschließend werden die – oftmals noch wenig bis gar nicht behandelten – Probleme der sozialrechtlichen Regelungen vertieft. Insoweit wird vielfach auch der Praxisbezug der Vorschriften des SGB V berücksichtigt. Kernelemente sind die Ausgestaltung von Unterstützungs- und Belohnungsleistungen für primärpräventives und gesundheitsförderndes Verhalten der Versicherten und – in einem Exkurs – auch mögliche Malus-Regelungen de lege ferenda. Die Arbeit behandelt außerdem Berührungspunkte der sozialrechtlichen Regelungen zum Arbeitsrecht.
Eduard Mörike als hellenistischer Dichter
Authors: Bernsdorff Hans
Published: July 2020

This book focuses on interpreting three poems from different creative periods in Eduard Mörike’s life: Sehnsucht (Longing), Bildniß der Geliebten (The Portrait of the Beloved) and Erinna an Sappho (Erinna to Sappho). His adaptations of ancient pagan and biblical texts, which have been overlooked to date, play a special role in this context. This book also presents new findings with regard to how these poems relate to Mörike’s biography and his work as a teacher and translator of antique poetry.
Sujeitos com deficiência no mundo do trabalho: discursos que marcam aparências e, por sua vez, capacidades?
Authors: Uhmann Silvana Matos , Schwengber Maria Simone Vione
Published: July 2020

O tema do trabalho relacionado aos sujeitos com deficiência permite realizar problematizações com relação às marcas de diferença inscritas em seus corpos, e que, por sua vez, dão a possibilidade de discutir sobre discursos de aparências e capacidades desses sujeitos. Ao considerar que o mundo do trabalho traz a possibilidade de subjetivações através de experiências positivas e/ou negativas, é que fazemos a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Como os corpos marcados pela deficiência são percebidos no mundo do trabalho? Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o tema da inserção de pessoas com deficiência no mercado do trabalho a fim de perceber quais são os discursos que tencionam este processo. Como metodologia, sob a perspectiva foucaultiana e da análise do discurso, apresentamos imagens previamente selecionadas na web, de autoria de Ricardo Ferraz, para exemplificar experiências de trabalho que pode ser vivenciada por uma pessoa com deficiência física (cadeirante). Os resultados possibilitam pensar nos impasses que muitas vezes vivenciam as pessoas com deficiência dentro do mercado de trabalho, sendo percebidas muitas vezes pela ideia de falta, anormalidade, bem como relacionando à aparência de deficiência a limitações de suas capacidades. Como possibilidades destacamos o discurso midiático como instituinte de possíveis novos e encorajados comportamentos por formadores de opinião, ao somar ao discurso social que resiste em não aceitar funções menos qualificadas aos sujeitos que ocupam as cotas.