bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct spatiotemporal patterns between fungal alpha and beta diversity of soil–plant continuum in rubber tree
Authors: Wei Yaqing , Wu Zhixiang , Lan Guoyu
Published: December 2024

Plant-associated microbial communities strongly relate to host health and productivity. Still, our knowledge of microbial community spatiotemporal patterns in soil–plant continuum is largely limited. Here, we explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal communities across multiple compartments (phyllosphere, leaf endosphere, soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root endosphere) of rubber tree in two contrasting seasons collected from Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. Our results demonstrate that the fungal alpha and beta diversity exhibited distinct pattern; the alpha diversity is highly dependent on seasonal changes, while beta diversity only showed a geographical variation pattern. The season-specific environmental factors (e.g., climatic factors) were the most important factors in shaping fungal alpha diversity across the soil–plant continuum. Physicochemical properties explained some of the microbial beta diversity spatiotemporal variation observed, with leaf phosphorus (P) and soil available potassium (AK) likely being the main factors that drove the geographical variation. We further identified the variation of edaphic (e.g., AK) and leaf physicochemical factors (e.g., P) were mainly caused by regional sites (
P
< 0.05). Taken together, our study provides an empirical evidence that the distinct spatiotemporal patterns of alpha and beta diversity of rubber tree fungal diversity and significantly expand our understanding of ecological drivers of plant-associated microbial communities.

IMPORTANCE

Plants harbor diverse microorganisms in both belowground and aboveground compartments, which play a vital role in plant nitrogen supply and growth promotion. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of microbial communities is a prerequisite for harnessing them to promote plant growth. In this study, we show that the alpha and beta diversity of soil–plant continuum in rubber tree exhibited distinct spatiotemporal pattern. Alpha diversity is highly dependent on seasonal changes, while beta diversity only showed a geographical variation pattern. Climatic factors were the most important factors in shaping fungal alpha diversity. Leaf phosphorus (P) and soil available potassium (AK) were major drivers to induce geographical variation.
6-month regimen of isoniazid prevention therapy for tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in minority areas of China: a 3-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jing , He Jinge , Li Ting , Li Yunkui , Gao Wenfeng , Zhong Yin , Yang Ni , Chen Chuang , Xia Lan , Yang Wen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

As China is scaling up tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in its national programmes, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of 6-month regimen of isoniazid monotherapy (6H) in terms of preventive therapy acceptance, adherence, effectiveness and outcomes in minority areas with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS.

Method

A prospective observational cohort study was initiated among 461 PLHIV in Butuo County after ruling out active TB (ATB) and followed up for up to 3 years to collect incidence events in real-world settings. TB incidence and protective rates were calculated. The risk factors related to acceptance and adherence were identified using a logistic regression model.

Results

Of the 688 PLHIV screened for TB, 115 (16.72 %) had ATB. Among the 461 participants eligible for 6H, 392 (85.03%) initiated 6H, and 277 (70.67%) completed the therapy. In total, 15 were identified as having ATB during follow-up. The incidence of ATB in the complete group was 0.62/100 person years (95% CI 0.20 to 1.45) as compared with the incomplete group 2.96/100 person years (95% CI 1.36 to 5.63) (p=0.005), and the protective rate of 6H was 79.05%. The protection rate between the complete and incomplete and refusal groups was 69.31%. In total, 142 (36.22%) patients experienced adverse drug reactions during isoniazid preventive therapy. The logistic regression model revealed several factors associated with 6H acceptance: first CD4+T lymphocyte count was between 200 and 350 cells/mm3(adjusted OR (aOR)=0.30, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.92) or>500 cells/mm3(aOR=0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.77). Factors associated with 6H adherence: 36–45 years old (aOR=2.76, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.10), middle school education (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.79) and history of prior TB (aOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.20).

Conclusion

6H can reduce the incidence of ATB in minority areas with high burdens of TB and HIV/AIDS. Periodic counselling of patients on adherence and retraining of the TPT staff are essential. Health monitoring and education for specific populations improve TPT acceptance and adherence.
Changes in child restraint practices in Shenzhen, China three years after the enactment of local legislation: two population-based cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Cai Weicong , Peng Ke , Jin Ye , Lei Lin , Tian Maoyi , Peden Margaret , Ivers Rebecca Q , Peng Ji , Brown Julie
Published: December 2024

Background

The enactment of child restraint systems (CRSs) legislation is highly effective in increasing CRS practices. However, evidence from low- and middle-income countries is still lacking. This study aimed to assess the changes in CRS practices in Shenzhen, China following the implementation of CRS legislation.

Methods

Data from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in community health service centres and kindergartens 1 year before and 3 years after the enactment of mandatory CRS legislation in 2015 were used to assess the changes in CRS practices in Shenzhen, China. Temporal changes in CRS practices were investigated, and logistic regression models were performed to examine the differences in CRS practices 3 years after the legislation compared with the period before the legislation.

Results

The proportion of CRS possession and use increased from 27.8% (1047/3768, 95% CI: 26.4% to 29.3%) to 72.6% (4900/6748, 95% CI: 71.5% to 73.7%) and from 22.9% (864/3768, 95% CI: 21.6% to 24.3%) to 56.3% (3800/6748, 95% CI: 55.1% to 57.5%), respectively, with a decrease of appropriate CRS use from 75.9% (656/864, 95% CI: 72.9% to 78.7%) to 69.7% (2649/3800, 95% CI: 68.2% to 71.2%) after the implementation of CRS legislation.

Conclusions

The findings indicate a significant improvement in CRS possession and use in Shenzhen, 3 years after the enactment of mandatory CRS legislation. Further efforts to update the local legislation to provide specific guidelines for appropriate CRS use and implement targeted multifaceted interventions are needed to increase optimal CRS practices for better child passenger safety in Shenzhen.
Listening to face transplant patients and caregivers: how medical humanities approaches redefine surgical ‘success’
Authors: Bound Alberti Fay , Weins Dallas , Weins Annalyn Bell
Published: December 2024

A recent review of face transplants argues that overall, they have been successful. But this verdict is based on surgical measures rather than patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), which for historical reasons are in their infancy. These measures are critical to understanding the nature of success in face transplants, and the evidence from mixed systems of healthcare, as in the USA, reveals that there are significant ethical and social concerns about the well-being of patients. Medical humanities research that focuses on the lived experience of patients and their caregivers can contribute significantly to the discussion by focusing on patient voices and the measures that matter outside of surgical contexts. This article builds on existing work and original interviews with face transplant recipients and their families from an emotion history perspective. It argues that surgical measures used in isolation can be misleading. We need a more holistic understanding of outcomes—financial, psychological and emotional as well as medical—that requires the insights drawn from the humanities and transforms the definition and measurement of ‘success’.
‘Future Docs for Abortion Access’: lessons learnt from 1 year of medical student advocacy in the USA
Authors: Stratis Catherine R , McNeilly Sarah M , Tymm Carly C , Zachem Alexis L , Baboolal Daniel D , Jacobs Adam R
Published: December 2024

Abortion’s place in US medical education has long been tenuous. Most medical students have historically lacked adequate abortion instruction, which stands to worsen following theDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Healthdecision. Trainee-led advocacy through organisations like Medical Students for Choice (MSFC) has enhanced this instruction nationally and globally. While MSFC offers robust resources to supplement institutional curricula, ample opportunities for student advocates to design interventions meeting the unique needs of their local communities exist. Immediately post-Dobbs, all New York City (NYC)-area MSFC chapters formed a novel advocacy coalition, MSFC NYC, to address the evolving reproductive health education and access needs within NYC and across the USA. Our coalition established three key priorities: (1) Enhance and standardise abortion education for all NYC medical students, (2) Strengthen abortion’s legal protections in New York (NY) State and (3) Support patients in abortion-restricted states. In turn, our first year prioritised three key initiatives: (1) Authoring and distributing the‘Accessing Abortion in NYC’peer educational resource guide, (2) Supporting a grass-roots political campaign to expand abortion training and access in NY and (3) Launching the now-annual‘Future Docs for Abortion Access’fundraiser. Our multi-institutional coalition united medical students and physician mentors with community-based reproductive health organisations, aligning our advocacy work with our local communities’ needs while creating an enduring advocacy presence within our city and state. By replicating this coalition-building model, fellow trainees can not only expand abortion access and education in different geographies, but further student-led efforts to promote various social justice causes.
Circular light orbits of a general, static, and spherical symmetrical wormhole with $$Z_2$$ symmetry
Authors: Tsukamoto Naoki
Published: December 2024

Recently, the ring images or the shadow images of the centers of the galaxy M87 and the Milky way have been reported by Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. It is believed that the ring images imply that the central objects form unstable light circular orbits. Some of wormholes with

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry against a throat are wrongly excluded from the candidates at the centers of M87 and the Milky way due to the overlooking the unstable light circular orbits on the throat. A general asymptotically-flat, static, and spherical symmetrical wormhole without a thin shell has at least one unstable circular light orbit at the throat or elsewhere. If the wormhole has

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

symmetry against the throat, it has the unstable circular light orbits on the throat or it has stable circular light orbits on the throat and unstable ones near the throat. We need to analyze the throat carefully to make sure we do not unfairly rule out the

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetrical wormholes. In this study, we categorize the numbers of the circular light orbits of the

$$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetrical wormhole and their stability from the derivatives of an effective potential at the throat and we investigate the circular light orbits around a Simpson–Visser black-bounce spacetime, a Damour–Solodukhin wormhole spacetime, a Reissner–Nordström black-hole-like wormhole spacetime or a charged Damour–Solodukhin wormhole spacetime as examples. We give complete treatments including degenerated circular light orbits made from more than one stable and unstable circular light orbits on and off the throat.
Correlation functions for the Gross–Neveu model
Authors: Dimock J.
Published: December 2024

This is a non-perturbative treatment of correlation functions for the weakly coupled massless Gross–Neveu model in a finite volume. The main result is that all correlation functions, treated as distributions, are uniformly bounded in the ultraviolet cutoff.
Essential protein prediction based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Lu Pengli , Qiao Guoxin
Published: December 2024

Essential proteins in cells and organisms play a critical role in maintaining normal life functioning and also provide important support in understanding disease pathogenesis. Although existing machine learning and deep learning methods have made some progress in predicting essential proteins, the use of data augmentation methods to improve model robustness and generalization becomes particularly important due to the critical role of data in training models. However, it remains a challenge to use limited data for data augmentation to improve the accuracy of predicting essential proteins. Therefore, we propose an algorithm for essential protein identification based on generative adversarial networks. First, we input the preprocessed gene expression data into a pre-trained generative adversarial network generator to expand the existing gene expression dataset. Second, features are extracted through the confrontation between the generator and the discriminator in the generative adversarial network and PCA technique is applied to downscale these features to make them more representative. Subsequently, the Node2vec method is applied to capture the rich features in the Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. Finally, we fuse the extracted gene expression profile features with the features of the PPI network and input them into a deep neural network for classification. Experimental results show that our proposed method has better performance compared to existing methods for predicting essential protein.
Twistor, cohomology, foundations of physics
Authors: Cao Tian Yu
Published: December 2024

A twistor framework for foundations of physics is outlined, in which (1) spacetime is secondary, derived from twistor constructions; (2) the primary physical agents are described by elements of sheaf cohomology defined on twistor space, which encode all information about the spacetime entities (fields and particles); (3) the dynamics of spacetime entities is encoded in the holomorphic structures of twistor space and revealed through Penrose transform and its generalizations (twistor diagrams); (4) the nonlinearity of gravity and nonabelian gauge interactions is a manifestation of the deformation of twistor space effected by the self-interacting twistor agents. A consistent framework of quantum gravity is attainable within twistor formalism because not only can gravity be derived from the primary physical agents of the formalism but also, and most importantly, the formalism itself can be proven intrinsically quantal without the necessity of imposing a quantum postulate upon it extrinsically through a quantization procedure. Indeed, the Planck constant and the whole quantum edifice built thereupon can be derived from formalism. Thus, the conflicts between the principles of general relativity and quantum theory are dissolved because both theories are consequences of twistor formalism, and the century-long debate concerning the possibility of a consistent framework of quantum gravity is closed. Many technical and conceptual issues must be clarified before the twistor formalism can be turned into a practical research framework. But the foundational pillars of the framework provided by twistor formalism are rock solid.
Coulomb interacting Bose–Einstein correlations in Fourier space
Authors: Purzsa Aletta
Published: December 2024

In high-energy heavy-ion physics experiments, a state of matter is created that existed in the early Universe: the quark-gluon plasma. This strongly interacting matter exists in today’s experiments only within a range of a few femtometers and for a duration of a few femtometers per speed of light, making its resolution with optical tools impossible. However, there is a method that allows for a closer look into the structure of the quark-gluon plasma: femtoscopy. Initially used in astronomy, femtoscopy is based on the quantum mechanical indistinguishability of identical particles, which causes them to arrive at detectors in a correlated manner. The measurable correlation is related to the space–time structure of the particle-emitting source, which in heavy-ion physics is the quark-gluon plasma created in collisions. For free particles, a relatively simple relationship exists between the source and the correlation (essentially a Fourier transform). However, this relationship becomes complex when accurately accounting for the repulsive Coulomb interaction between final-state electrically charged particles. Our paper presents a new method that is more precise than previously used ones, yet less computationally demanding, especially for the exotic source function shapes. Mathematically, the method is interesting because it exactly handles many emerging integrals and limits. Practically, it is ready for use in experimental analyses.
Phase diagram and baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and magnetic field in a chiral model with screened interactions
Authors: Szymański Michał
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the effect of the dynamical screening of the four-quark interaction on the chiral phase transition and the baryon number fluctuations at finite temperature and magnetic field in an effective model inspired by QCD in the Coulomb gauge. The screening leads to a medium-dependent coupling that generates inverse magnetic catalysis at finite magnetic field. We observe the decreasing temperature of the chiral crossover, in agreement with lattice QCD predictions, and find a critical point for large magnetic fields. We also observe a strong enhancement of the baryon number fluctuations in the vicinity of the crossover.
A few remarks concerning application of the Lifshitz theory to calculation of the Casimir–Polder interaction
Authors: Mostepanenko V. M.
Published: December 2024

The Lifshitz theory provides a semiclassical description of the Casimir–Polder atom-plate interaction, where the electromagnetic field is quantized, whereas the material of the plate is considered as a continuous medium. This places certain restrictions on its application regarding the allowable atom-plate separation distances and the dielectric properties of the plate material. Below, we demonstrate that in some recent literature the application conditions of the Lifshitz theory established by its founders are violated by applying it at too short separations and using the dielectric permittivities possessing the negative imaginary parts in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
Noncommutativity’s impact on the local stability of the accelerating (un)charged Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Chacha M. , Lekbich H. , Mansour N. , Boukili A. EL , Benami A. , Ouadoudi N.
Published: December 2024

The influence of noncommutativity on the local stability of the accelerating (un)charged Schwarzschild black hole is what we aim to investigate. It results in the C-metric description of accelerating Schwarzschild black hole. Such a notion describes a pair of separated black holes that accelerate in opposite directions under the action of forces represented by conical singularities. However, the impact of spatial noncommutativity on the thermodynamic properties of an accelerating (un)charged Schwarzschild black hole is explored by analyzing the Gaussian distribution of mass and charge densities, reflecting the smearing effects due to noncommutative geometry. We begin the study with the uncharged case, examining the influence of noncommutativity and acceleration. This approach highlights how these parameters jointly modify the temperature, entropy, and heat capacity of the black hole, deviating from classical thermodynamics. Next, the charged case is considered, introducing additional complexity as charge density now interacts with both noncommutativity and acceleration. This scenario reveals further modifications in the black hole’s thermodynamic behavior. The effects of noncommutativity and acceleration are reexamined, revealing further interactions and modifications of the black hole’s thermodynamic properties. By addressing these two cases sequentially, the paper offers new insights into black holes in noncommutative and accelerated geometries.
Thermo field dynamics in the Lorentz-violating Myers–Pospelov model
Authors: Ferreira L. H. A. R. , Santos A. F. , Reyes Carlos M.
Published: December 2024

A generalization at finite temperature of the scalar Myers–Pospelov quantum field theory with mass dimension five operators that break Lorentz symmetry is considered. In particular, we introduce a thermal vacuum and a doubled Hilbert space within the formalism of Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) to account for extended quantum field effects. The higher-order operators in the effective Lagrangian give rise to negative-metric modes, which are treated using a perturbative method. The perturbative modes that propagate correspond to standard second-order equations of motion with Lorentz-violating modifications without altering the number of degrees of freedom. In this perturbative, Lorentz-violating TFD framework, we investigate the finite-temperature effects, including thermal fluctuations and size effects.
A Multimodal Deep Learning Approach for Pre-Operative Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging in Oral Cancer Using Computed Tomography Imaging and Pathological Slide Data
Authors: Jiang Huimin , Fang Liming , Cui Yong , Xia Anqi , Wu Jing , Chu Jimin
Published: December 2024

Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally, characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis, making early diagnosis crucial for improving patient survival. Accurate preoperative tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging is essential for determining effective treatment plans and surgical strategies. Although pathological examination remains the gold standard for TNM staging of oral cancer, imaging data can complement pathology, helping clinicians make more precise preoperative assessments and addressing the limitations of single-modality approaches. In this study, we propose a novel multimodal model for oral cancer staging that integrates preoperative CT images and whole-slide imaging (WSI). To overcome the heterogeneity between CT and WSI features, especially the lack of interaction between macrolevel CT features and microlevel pathological features, we introduce a CT-guided collaborative attention module. Specifically, CT features serve as queries, while patches of WSI are treated as key-value pairs. The corresponding keys are computed through a fully connected layer with trainable weights. The model architecture includes two separate pathways for feature extraction: CT features are extracted using a U-Net-based network, while WSI features are extracted with a multi-instance network utilizing a hierarchical attention mechanism. The CT-guided collaborative attention module facilitates interaction and fusion between these two modalities, resulting in a unified feature representation. This fused feature is then passed through a fully connected layer to produce the final TNM staging prediction for oral cancer. By combining both macro- and microlevel features, our model addresses the limitations of traditional single-modality methods, enabling more accurate tumor boundary delineation. Compared to existing techniques, our multimodal approach improves diagnostic accuracy and provides more reliable staging results. This advancement has the potential to significantly enhance early diagnosis and treatment strategies for oral cancer, offering a more comprehensive and precise method for staging the disease.
Transportable optical lattice clocks and general relativity
Authors: Shinkai Hisaaki , Takamoto Masao , Katori Hidetoshi
Published: December 2024

Optical lattice clocks (OLCs) enable us to measure time and frequency with a fractional uncertainty at [Formula: see text] level, which is 2 orders of magnitude better than Cs clocks. In this paper, after briefly reviewing OLCs and the history of testing the fundamental principles of general relativity, we report our experiments of measuring the gravitational redshift between RIKEN and The University of Tokyo, and at Tokyo Skytree using transportable OLCs. We also discuss a couple of future applications of OLCs such as detecting gravitational waves in space and relativistic geodesy. The possibility of testing second-order parametrized post-Newtonian potential around the Earth is also mentioned.
Charting the nanohertz gravitational wave sky with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Bernardo Reginald Christian , Ng Kin-Wang
Published: December 2024

In the summer of 2023, the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) announced a compelling evidence for the existence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Despite this breakthrough, however, several critical questions remain unanswered: What is the source of the signal? How can cosmic variance be accounted for? To what extent can we constrain nanohertz gravity? When will individual supermassive black hole binaries become observable? And how can we achieve a stronger detection? These open questions have spurred significant interests in PTA science, making this an opportune moment to revisit the astronomical and theoretical foundations of the field, as well as the data analysis techniques employed. In this review, we focus on the theoretical aspects of the SGWB as detected by PTAs. We provide a comprehensive derivation of the expected signal and its correlation, presented in a pedagogical manner, while also addressing current constraints. Looking ahead, we explore future milestones in the field, with detailed discussions on emerging theoretical considerations such as cosmic variance, the cumulants of the one- and two-point functions, subluminal gravitational waves, and the anisotropy and polarization of the SGWB.
THE BIOMECHANICAL STABILITY OF A NOVEL BIOABSORBABLE MAGNESIUM ALLOY (ZX00:Mg-Zn–Ca) BONE ANCHOR FOR ROTATOR CUFF REPAIRS: A HUMAN EX VIVO STUDY
Authors: Kinsky Rudolf Maximilian , Schleifenbaum Stefan , Honea Maxim , Siegert Paul , Hammer Niels , Fischerauer Stefan Franz , Weinberg Annelie , Wurnig Christian
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the primary ex vivo biomechanical stability of a novel bioabsorbable magnesium alloy (ZX00: Mg–Zn–Ca) bone anchor in human cadaveric proximal humeri, indicated in the reconstruction of the rotator cuff.

Methods: Twenty human Thiel-embalmed cadaveric humeri were prepared and freed from soft tissue. One [Formula: see text]5.7 × 20.5-mm ZX00 anchor and one [Formula: see text]5.5 mm × 16.3 mm Arthrex Titanium FT Corkscrew (ATC) control anchor were inserted into the footprint of the supraspinatus tendon, 15 mm apart. The humeri were mounted onto a material testing machine and following a 40 N preload, cyclic loading was performed over 400 cycles. If the construct remained intact, ultimate load to failure (ULTF) was measured using an increasing axial load of 1 mm/s, ULTF and mode of failure were recorded.

Results: No difference was found in the ability to withstand cyclic loading, mode or load-to-failure strengths between ZX00 and control anchors. The maximum tractional force loaded for the ZX00 anchors had a median of 257.4 N (range 165.3–328.2). The corresponding value for the ATC anchors averaged 239.9 N (range 118.9–306.7).

Conclusion: ZX00 alloy anchors appear to provide adequate initial biomechanical stability when compared to an industry-standard control in a cadaveric rotator cuff repair model.
Anisotropic stellar models with quintessence dark energy in rastall gravity
Authors: Waseem Arfa , Naeem Sunaiha
Published: December 2024

This paper explores a comprehensive approach to modeling compact stars that incorporates both normal matter and dark energy. We employ the Durgapal–Fuloria ansatz within the context of Rastall gravity to derive a relativistic analytical solution. The model is thoroughly analyzed both analytically and graphically, to assess its physical properties and facilitates a comparison with the results of classical general relativity. Our findings demonstrate that the model we have put forward is in substantial agreement with observational data for three different compact star representatives like Her X-1, PSR J0348+0432, and RX J1856.3-37.2. We evaluate the model’s viability by examining its energy conditions, stability, and adherence to the Buchdahl limit, all of which are found to be satisfactory. The analysis confirms the stable solution for Rastall parameter spanning −0.005 to 0.11, and it converges to standard general relativity when the coupling parameter approaches to zero.
Various Materials and Structures for Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Design for Efficiency Enhancement
Authors: Sharma Divya , Mehra Rajesh , Raj Balwinder
Published: December 2024

The hazards of prevailing global warming on this planet have forced human beings to utilize clean energy substitutes. None of the clean energy sources could be better than the Sun. To exploit solar energy to the maximum extent, solar cells were invented. However, the solar cells ruling today’s world are all made from inorganic materials which are not only expensive but also involve complex fabrication processes. Additionally, these cells are limited to utilization on rooftops only. To overcome this scenario organic solar cells are the reliable contender to inorganic solar cells. A review of the origin and developments regarding organic solar cells is explained in this paper, and the improvement in the efficiency of a suggested organic solar cell with optimization at 800[Formula: see text]nm is 24.05%.
Quasi-convex combination of three conjugate gradient directions
Authors: Hamel Naima , Benrabia Noureddine , Ghiat Mourad , Guebbai Hamza
Published: December 2024

This research work introduces a novel hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm that combines three descent directions, namely [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], in a quasi-convex manner. The algorithm aims to construct a direction that closely approximates the Newton direction using the secant equation. To ensure convergence, appropriate hybridization parameters are determined, which not only approximate the Newton direction but also remain bounded. The descent property of the algorithm has been proven, and its global convergence has been demonstrated. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of our new algorithm, surpassing the (DY), (HS), (DL) algorithms in many cases.
Unique fault-tolerance resolvability codes for certain generalized convex polytopes with applications
Authors: Manikonda Gayathri , Bhat Vijay Kumar , Sharma Sunny Kumar
Published: December 2024

For a non-trivial connected graph [Formula: see text], an ordered subset [Formula: see text] of vertices [Formula: see text] any pair of different vertices [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. Such a set [Formula: see text] is said to be a resolving set (RS) for [Formula: see text] and the smallest cardinality of [Formula: see text] is called the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. A RS [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] is said to be fault-tolerant resolving set (FTRS) if the property of resolving [Formula: see text] holds by [Formula: see text] for every [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. The minimum cardinality of such a set [Formula: see text] is called the fault-tolerant metric dimension (FTMD) of [Formula: see text]. It is generally denoted by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the notion of FTRS and that of FTMD have been determined for two complex families of infinite convex polytope graphs, which are obtained by joining certain copies of the prism graph together with an antiprism graph. For these two families of planar graph (viz., [Formula: see text] & [Formula: see text]), we investigate several properties as well as we compare their metric and FTMD.
On the local multiset dimension of a graph
Authors: Shankar Narayani R. , Chandrakala S. B. , Sooryanarayana B.
Published: December 2024

In robot navigation, the concept of local multiset in graph theory can be used to calculate the minimum number of sensors required to uniquely identify each point in a network. By modeling every point in the network into a vertex and their connections into edges, the solution lies in determining the minimum number of reference points necessary to identify every point in the network uniquely. Based on the distances between vertices, local multiset dimension (LMD) quantifies the minimum required number of vertices to define the unique position of every vertex in the graph. By strategically placing sensors at these reference points in a given network, LMD helps the robot map its environment and determine its location based solely on its distances to these reference points. Interest in this area of graph theory has increased in recent years. In this paper, some characterizations of the local multiset basis are discussed and extended to some graphs derived from path.
Net Laplacian spectrum of some products built on the simple corona of a signed graph
Authors: Pirzada S. , Riyaz ul Rashid Mir , Stanić Zoran
Published: December 2024

For a signed graph [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are its adjacency matrix and diagonal matrix of net degrees, then the net Laplacian matrix of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. A simple corona [Formula: see text] is obtained by attaching a positive pendant edge at every vertex of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we define the three products of signed graphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] based on the simple corona [Formula: see text], and compute their net Laplacian spectrum when [Formula: see text] is net-regular. As an application, we consider the controllability of the corresponding products.
An optimized Indian-General-Elections-Based social science data prediction using multiscale dense nested parallel MobileNetV3 mantis search attention network
Authors: Woodward Dexter , Sujithra L. R. , Nisha P. , Saikia Bhabajyoti
Published: December 2024

Forecasting an election outcome is a challenging exercise because of the constantly varying and numerous political, social, and demographic factors. Unlike electoral data, no work explores the local structure in large-scale data since traditional approaches fail to capture complex patterns involving large sets of data, especially from diverse areas such as India. This research aims to present an improved, large-scale scale, and efficient prediction model for Indian General Elections through a Multiscale Dense Nested Parallel MobileNetV3 Mantis Search Attention Network, 3MDNPV3-SAN. The model is developed to overcome the shortcomings common to other techniques and incorporates several approaches. For data preprocessing, the novel Anisotropic Gaussian Filtering with Directionally Truncated First Derivative (AG2F2DT) is proposed to perform smoothing and eliminate noise while preserving significant directional information. To achieve the right feature selection for optimal modeling results, the proposed Group Teaching Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) is used, so as to retain and only use significant features in modeling. The main structure of the prediction process is based on two models: the 3MDNPV3-SAN model based on multiscale dense nests, the MobileNetV3 parallel framework, and a dynamic Mantis Search Attention Network for data region emphasis. The proposed model proves itself with 99.1% accuracy, 99.3% precision, 99.7% recall, 99.6% sensitivity, 0.1% error rate, 4% computation complexity, and 0.01% computational cost while outcompeting more conventional approaches due to the incorporation of multiscale interactions as well as dynamic attention. The work hence provides a scalable robust efficient model that can be used to analyze electoral phenomena and to support decisions and design in the social sciences. The methodology is in Python which means that it is practically applicable for large databases.
Fabrication, structure and dielectric properties of multilayer heterostructures based on Ba2NdFeNb4O15 and Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 thin films grown on SrRuO3(001)/MgO(001)
Authors: Stryukov D. V. , Matyash Ya. Yu. , Bobylev V. A. , Nazarenko A. V. , Pavlenko A. V.
Published: December 2024

By X-ray diffraction and dielectric spectroscopy, the crystal structure, phase composition, and properties of Sr[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]Nb2O6/Ba2NdFeNb4O[Formula: see text]/Sr[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]Nb2O6/Ba2NdFeNb4O[Formula: see text]/SrRuO3/MgO and Ba2NdFeNb4O[Formula: see text]/Sr[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]Nb2O6/Ba2NdFeNb4O[Formula: see text]/Sr[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]Nb2O6/SrRuO3/MgO multilayer heterostructures were studied. The heterostructures were manufactured under identical conditions but differing in the layer deposition sequence. It is shown that the orientation domains are formed in each Ba2NdFeNb4O[Formula: see text] (BNFN) and Sr[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]Nb2O6 (SBN) layers. BNFN and SBN layers have tetragonal unit cells with tensile out-of-plane strain and compression in-plane strain. At [Formula: see text]C both heterostructures are characterized by fairly high relative permittivity values. The reasons for the revealed regularities are discussed.
UMS-VINS: Unified Monocular-Stereo Features for Visual-Inertial Tightly Coupled Odometry in Degenerated Scenarios
Authors: Jiang Chaoyang , Zheng Xiaoni , Wang Kang , Jin Zhe , Yu Chengpu
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a Unified Monocular-Stereo Visual-Inertial State Estimator (UMS-VINS) that combines monocular, stereo vision, and inertial measurements for vehicle localization in degenerated scenarios. UMS-VINS is a tightly coupled visual-inertial odometry (VIO), which requires a stereo camera and a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). On the one hand, we introduce additional two-dimensional sub-pixel features from the left and/or right cameras. With monocular-stereo features, UMS-VINS can improve the positioning accuracy and robustness by enhancing the quality and quantity of features. On the other hand, a mode selection-based visual-inertial initialization strategy is designed to dynamically choose between stereo visual odometry or VIO according to the inertial motion state and initialization status, which can guarantee successful initialization. The performance on both new real-world and public datasets demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of localization accuracy, localization robustness, and environmental adaptability.
Understanding Factors Affecting Non-payment Behavior among Rural Water Users in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Application of Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Jimenez-Redal Ruben , Arana-Landín German , Landeta-Manzano Beñat , Uriarte-Gallastegi Naiara
Published: December 2024

The financial viability of community-based water systems, reflecting the ability of water utilities to sustainably cover their operational and maintenance costs while ensuring reliable water service delivery to the community, is a critical element of sustainable water supply, especially in rural communities. High rates of non-payments threaten the stability of revenue collection systems set in many water schemes in sub-Saharan Africa. This is the case in the region of Idjwi, South Kivu (the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The main objective of our study is to understand the determinants of non-payment behavior for water services in Idjwi. To this end, the current research hypothesized and tested a structural equation model to map the relationships between key factors. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 850 beneficiary households. The findings reveal that users’ lack of participation in management meetings strongly influences non-payment behavior. A lack of trust in water management committees also has a significant impact on non-payment behavior. No significant relationship was found between consumer non-payment behavior and dissatisfaction regarding the quantity of water supplied or the timetable of the service. The central implication of this study is that regional water policymakers need to redesign the rules and capacities of water committees. More efforts are required to improve community involvement in management meetings and to endorse trust in water committees to reduce non-payment of water fees and secure the financial viability of water systems.
Velocity of Sound in Evaluated Medium
Authors: Singh Nimmi , Mittal Harshit , Bhagat Kunsh , Singh Inderpreet , Arun P.
Published: December 2024

We report the results of our experimental measurements of the velocity of sound in response to changes in temperature and air pressure. We used a circuit made with an ultrasonic sensor and a basic microcontroller to make these measurements. The apparatus was kept in a temperature- and air pressure-controlled chamber. Our experimental results showed that as air pressure drops, so does sound velocity. It was discovered that the experimental findings closely matched the theoretical formulations given in the literature. To express sound velocity in ideal and real gases in terms of experimentally controllable variables, we modified the equation found in the literature. We have experimentally shown that air behaves differently between an ideal gas and a real gas below a critical air pressure. It has also been noted that this critical threshold depends on the surrounding temperature. Our experimental findings validate a theoretical formulation that has been largely neglected for over 20 years.
Enhanced Piezoelectricity for PNT-PZT Ceramics by Texture Engineering
Authors: He Shuai , Wang Qian , Bian Lang , Wang Nan , Sun Yuan , Yang Bin
Published: December 2024

Texture engineering is proved to be an effective strategy to enhance the piezoelectricity of piezoelectric ceramics in recent years. In this paper, a low-temperature sintered 0.24Pb(Ni[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]PbZrO[Formula: see text](0.76[Formula: see text]PbTiO3 (PNT-PZT, [Formula: see text], 0.32 and 0.33) ceramic was studied. Texture engineering was introduced to improve the piezoelectric coefficient. Herein, [001] textured PNT-PZT ceramics were prepared at 1050∘C by templated grain growth (TGG) method using barium titanate (BaTiO[Formula: see text] platelet templates. The phase composition, microstructure, and electric properties of all ceramics were characterized in detail. The PNT-PZT ([Formula: see text]) textured ceramics shows the best comprehensive properties ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]pC/N, [Formula: see text] at 25∘C, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]C). This work provides a promising candidate material for ultrasonic transducers by texture engineering.
ExpoSort
: Breaking the quasi-polynomial-time barrier for reluctant sorting
Authors: Abrahamsen Mikkel
Published: December 2024

We introduce the algorithm ExpoSort, a groundbreaking method that sorts an array of n numbers in a spectacularly inefficient Θ(2
n
) time. ExpoSort proudly claims the title of the first reluctant algorithm to decisively surpass the quasi-polynomial running time Ω(
n
log n/(2+ε)
) of the notoriously sluggish
SlowSort
algorithm by Broder and Stolfi [ACM SIGACT News, 1984]. In the ongoing quest for the slowest possible sort,
ExpoSort
redefines what it means to take one's time.

Remarkably,
ExpoSort
achieves this feat with one of the simplest pseudocodes among all known sorting algorithms. However, a slight modification-merely moving one recursive call inside an if statement- transforms ExpoSort into an astonishingly well-camouflaged variant of the classic InsertionSort with best- and worst-case running times of Θ(n) and Θ(n
3
), respectively. This dual nature of
ExpoSort
serves as a reminder of the utmost care required when crafting pessimal algorithms, where a slight lapse in judgment could result in accidentally producing an embarrassingly practical algorithm.
Electrochemical Biosensors Designed with Coordination Compounds: Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives
Authors: Srivastva Abhay Nanda , Milan Kriti , Singh Netra Pal , Singh Dharm Veer , Kumar Manish , Chaudhary Vishal , Dabas Samiksha
Published: December 2024

Electrochemical (EC) biosensors based on coordination compounds have risen as an impeccable way to detect biological moieties due to their cogent results. Metal complexes are widely recognized as they have been employed in many areas of human wellness. Starting with detection of oxygen, glucose, and urea to now detecting pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, EC-sensors are gaining attention across many fields. In the medical field, they hold an important place as they can diagnose harmful elements/diseases in early stages, lowering the risk of death. Thus, the innovative research is essential to control impairments of microbial actions by advancing metal complex based EC-biosensors.
What are the potential mechanisms of fatigue-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy with low-load resistance exercise training?
Authors: Flewwelling Luke D. , Hannaian Sarkis J. , Cao Victor , Chaillou Thomas , Churchward-Venne Tyler A. , Cheng Arthur J.
Published: December 2024

High-load resistance exercise (>60% of 1-repetition maximum) is a well-known stimulus to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy with chronic training. However, studies have intriguingly shown that low-load resistance exercise training (RET) (≤60% of 1-repetition maximum) can lead to similar increases in skeletal muscle hypertrophy as compared with high-load RET. This has raised questions about the underlying mechanisms for eliciting the hypertrophic response with low-load RET. A key characteristic of low-load RET is performing resistance exercise to, or close to, task failure, thereby inducing muscle fatigue. The primary aim of this evidence-based narrative review is to explore whether muscle fatigue may act as an indirect or direct mechanism contributing to skeletal muscle hypertrophy during low-load RET. It has been proposed that muscle fatigue could indirectly stimulate muscle hypertrophy through increased muscle fiber recruitment, mechanical tension, ultrastructural muscle damage, the secretion of anabolic hormones, and/or alterations in the expression of specific proteins involved in muscle mass regulation (e.g., myostatin). Alternatively, it has been proposed that fatigue could directly stimulate muscle hypertrophy through the accumulation of metabolic by-products (e.g., lactate), and/or inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the existing literature eluding to the role of muscle fatigue as a stimulus for low-load RET-induced muscle hypertrophy and provides suggested avenues for future research to elucidate how muscle fatigue could mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
The serotonergic psychedelic DOI impairs deviance detection in the auditory cortex
Authors: Horrocks Max , Mohn Jennifer L. , Jaramillo Santiago
Published: December 2024

The neural basis of perceptual distortions induced by psychedelics remains poorly understood. This study demonstrates that the serotonergic psychedelic DOI increases neural response variability and impairs deviance detection in the auditory cortex by reducing sensitivity to unexpected sounds. These findings provide new insights into how psychedelics disrupt sensory processing and alter the balance between bottom-up and top-down neural signaling, contributing to our understanding of altered perception in the psychedelic state.