bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease-modifying treatment with I2 imidazoline receptor ligand LSL60101 in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model : A Comparative study with donepezil
Authors: Vasilopoulou Fotini , Rodríguez-Arevalo Sergio , Bagán Andrea , Escolano Carmen , Griñán-Ferré Christian , Pallàs Mercè
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: The development of effective therapeutic
strategies against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge. I2
Imidazoline receptors (I2-IR) ligands have a neuroprotective role in AD.
While co-treatment of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with
neuroprotective agents have shown better effects on the prevention of
dementia. Here, we assessed the potential therapeutic effect of the
I2-IR ligand LSL60101, donepezil and their combination in 5XFAD mice.
Experimental Approach: 5XFAD female mice were treated with low doses of
LSL60101 (1mg/kg/day), donepezil (1mg/kg/day), and donepezil plus
LSL60101 (1+1mg/kg/day), during 4 weeks per os. Novel object
recognition, Morris water maze, open field, elevated plus maze and
three-chamber tests were employed to evaluate the cognitive and
behavioural status of the mice after treatment. The effects of the
treatments on AD-like pathology were assessed with immunohistochemistry,
Western blot and qPCR. Key results: Chronic low-dose treatment with
LSL60101 and donepezil reversed cognitive deficits and impaired social
behaviour. LSL60101 treatment did not affect anxiety-like behaviour in
contrast to donepezil. In the 5XFAD brains, LSL60101 and
donepezil/LSL60101 treatments decreased Aβ-pathology and Tau
hyperphosphorylation, and these alterations were accompanied by
decreased microglia marker Iba-1 levels and increased Trem2 gene
expression. LSL60601 and donepezil decreased glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP) astrocytic marker reactivity. However, only LSL60601
treatment significantly increased the levels of the synaptic markers
post-density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN). Conclusion and
implications: Our results suggest that chronic low dose treatment with
selective I2-IR ligands can be an effective treatment for AD and provide
insights into combination treatments of symptomatic and
disease-modifying drugs
Effect of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shi Hongshuo , Liu Yufan , Peng Min , Kan Zunqi , Li Wenwen , Yang Tiantian
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) can accelerate the clinical
process of atherosclerosis(AS). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
inhibitors(DPP-4Is) have potential anti-AS effects. And, we completed a
meta-analysis of the changes in carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT),
flow-mediated dilation(FMD), and pulse wave velocity(PWV) of DPP-4Is to
research the effect of DPP-4Is in the progression of AS in T2DM
patients. Materials and methods: We included RCTs that evaluated the
impact of DPP-4Is on CIMT, FMD, and PWV compared to other treatments
from PubMed, Cochrane trials, and Embase database before October 31,
2020. We selected the random-effect model and calculated the weighted
mean difference(WMD) to evaluate the effect of CIMT, FMD, and PWV in
T2DM patients. Results：Through the meta-analysis, we found that DPP-4Is
can significantly reduce CIMT in T2DM patients(WMD =-0.036, 95%
CI:-0.055 to-0.017; p≤0.001). Based on the subgroup analysis, we found
that CIMT was significantly decreased in patients with greater than 12
months of intervention and without cardiovascular diseases. Besides, we
also found that DPP-4Is had a not significant efficacy on the
improvement of FMD in T2DM patients(WMD=0.635, 95% CI: -0.112 to 1.383,
p= 0.097). Our subgroup analysis showed that for T2DM patients who have
cardiovascular diseases, DPP-4Is can significantly increase their FMD.
In addition, we also found that DPP-4Is had an insignificant influence
on PWV in T2DM patients(WMD= 0.424, 95% CI: -0.198 to 1.046, p= 0.18).
but SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the PWV of T2DM patients. Conclusions:
DPP-4Is can alleviate the development of AS in T2DM patients to a
certain extent by reducing CIMT. And, we believe that long-term use of
DPP-4Is may be more helpful to alleviate the atherosclerotic development
of T2DM without obvious cardiovascular history.
Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: A prospective controlled study
Authors: Soto-García Anally , Elizondo-Riojas Guillermo , Rodriguez-Gutiérrez Rene , Mancillas-Adame Leonardo , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Jose Gerardo
Published: December 2020

Background: The association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and
cardiovascular risk, particularly with a TSH <10µIU/ml,
remains controversial. The objective of our study was to assess the
association between SCH and cardiovascular risk through carotid
intima-media thickness, and alternatively, to evaluate its change after
treatment with levothyroxine. Methods: A total of 54 individuals were
included in the study, 18 with SCH, 18 with overt hypothyroidism (OH),
and 18 healthy controls (HC). The carotid intima-media thickness was
measured in each group. In SCH, follow-up was performed at three and six
months after the start of levothyroxine. Results: The mean age of the
total population at baseline was 35.8 years. The median TSH in SCH was
6.15 µIU/ml. The carotid intima-media thickness was greater in SCH in
comparison to the HC group (Right common carotid artery [RCCA, mm]:
0.486 ± 0.106 and 0.413 ± 0.075 in SCH and HC, respectively, p=0.01.
Left common carotid artery [LCCA, mm]: 0.511±0.144 and 0.427±0.090
in SCH and HC, respectively, p=0.03). In patients with SCH, there was a
decrease in the carotid intima-media thickness after treatment with
levothyroxine (RCCA and LCCA p <0.05 at 3 and 6 months).
Conclusions: There is an association between an increase in the carotid
intima-media thickness in patients with SCH in comparison to HC, even
with a TSH <10 µIU/ml. The increase reversed with
levothyroxine therapy. Its association with important cardiovascular
outcomes remains uncertain and should be evaluated in future studies.
Improving Stability and Accuracy of Cell Viability Evaluation by Fusion of Impedance Spectroscopy Information
Authors: Zhang Yecheng , Wei Mingji , Zhang Rongbiao , Zhang Fei
Published: December 2020

The increasing attention to precision medicine is widely paid in order
to greatly improve the cure rate of cancer. Improving the stability and
accuracy of cell viability evaluation is the key of precision medicine,
for excess dosage of anti-cancer drugs not only kills the cancer cells,
but also does harm to normal cells. Electrochemical impedance sensing
(EIS) method is widely accepted as a label-free, non-invasive approach
for real-time, online monitoring of cell viability. Due to the large
effects of many influencing factors, the existing EIS methods that
utilized single-frequency impedances show poor stability and low
accuracy of cell viability evaluation. In this paper, we proposed a
multi-physical information fusion method based on least squares support
vector machine (LS-SVM) for improving the stability and accuracy of cell
viability evaluation. The results show that the mean relative error of
single-frequency method is about 0.08, while that of fusion method is
about 0.04. It means that the prediction results of fusion method are
more accurate than that of the single-frequency method. Moreover, the
maximum relative error of single-frequency method is up to 0.5 due to
the influencing of cell micromotion, while that of fusion method is
below 0.07, showing that the fusion method is more stable than
single-frequency method.
OXIDATION PRODUCTS OF ETHYLBENZENE AND ITS SUBSTITUTED BY OZONE IN ACETIC ACID
Authors:   Volodymyr Dahl East-Ukrainian National University, Galstyan Andriy , Bushuiev Andrii ,   SE “Luhansk State Medical University”, Skorokhod Kateryna ,   Іnstitute of Chemical Technologies of Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Krasylnikova Anna ,   SE “Luhansk State Medical University”, Zhurba Marharyta ,   SE “Luhansk State Medical University”
Published: December 2020

Based on the obtained kinetic regularities and the mixture of the products of the reaction of ethylbenzene oxidation with ozone in acetic acid, the scientific bases of the technology of synthesis of acetophenone was developed. It is shown that in the ozonation conditions, in the presence of manganese (II) acetate, it is possible to direct oxidation mainly through the ethyl group of the substrate with the formation of aromatic products. The technological parameters are studied and the optimal conditions for the process realization are ascertained. The obtained experimental and theoretical results allowed us to propose a new low-temperature low-waste method of acetophenone production, which ensures the efficiency of the process due to the mild oxidation conditions (288 K, atmospheric pressure) and the reduction of toxic waste. The technology can be an alternative to existing methods of the synthesis of aromatic ketones.
Creative capital as the most important element of innovative economy formation
Authors:   Regional Financial and Economic Institute, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Melenkin V. L. , Chesheva K.K. ,   Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Capitalization of national economy branches in modern conditions and especially with the use of digital technologies is of particular importance both at the state and at the regional and municipal levels. Forming an algorithm for economic development within the existing object-subject conditions will allow you to create the most realistic budgets at all levels. In this regard, the consideration of creative capital formation as the most important tool of the innovative economy is of particular importance.
Land management: the inventory aspect
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering-meliorative Institute named after A. K. Kortunovа, DGAU, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Tkacheva O. A. , Chernova A. I. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering-meliorative Institute named after A. K. Kortunovа, DGAU, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article identifies the main shortcomings of the land management system, justifies the need for a set of works on land inventory. The given procedure is studied, its tasks are determined, the steps to its implementation are described, different fundamental aspects are performed and its SWOT-analysis is carried out. The state of land resources in the farms of the Rostov region is analyzed.
Precision irrigation as a tool for improving the environmental and economic efficiency of land reclama-tion activities
Authors:   Novocherkassk engineering and meliorative Institute named after A. K. Kortunovа, DGAU, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Aleksandrovskaya L. A. , Polyakov P. V. ,   Moscow State University of land management, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The development of land reclamation in modern conditions, on the one hand, manifests itself as an important tool for increasing not only the yield, but also soil fertility, and on the other hand, it can cause degradation of the soil cover both by irrigation erosion and by raising mineralized groundwater. Therefore, the use of advanced methods and methods of irrigation is an important direction in improving land reclamation activities in various economic conditions. The use of digitization methods in planning crop yields and irrigation water volumes can be particularly important for this process, with the aim of mutually influencing the efficiency of agricultural production on reclaimed land.
Application of remote sensing data in agriculture
Authors:   Novocherkassk Engineering-meliorative Institute named after A. K. Kortunovа, DGAU, Novocherkassk, Russia Federation, Meshchaninova E. G. , Stepkin Yu. A. ,   Novocherkassk Engineering-meliorative Institute named after A. K. Kortunovа, DGAU, Novocherkassk, Russia Federation
Published: December 2020

The lack of accurate maps, an undeveloped network of points for operational and meteorological monitor-ing of ground stations, lack of air support, and much more makes it difficult to control large areas of agricultural land. Due to these factors and the lack of objective data in determining the state of land and forecasting the state of the situation, it is extremely difficult to increase agricultural production, optimize the costeffective use of land, and reduce costs to a minimum. Remote sensing of the Earth is actively used to solve various problems of integrated and specialized management of agricultural territories. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the obtained remote sensing data, they allow us to solve a number of tasks in agriculture and, in particular, facilitate monitoring of the state of crops over large areas.
Replicability in psychological research: a reflection
Authors: Centeno-Leyva Sharon , Dominguez-Lara Sergio
Published: December 2020

Background: In recent years, psychological science has suffered a crisis of confidence that has been marked by the low rate of replicability demonstrated in collaborative projects that attempted to quantify this problem, evidencing the difficulty in making replications and the existence of a possible excess of false positives published in the scientific literature. Method: This opinion article aimed to review the panorama of the replicability crisis in psychology, as well as its possible causes. Conclusions: It began from the state of the replicability crisis, then some possible causes and their repercussions on the advancement of psychological science were highlighted, discussing various associated issues, such as individual biases on the part of researchers, the lack of incentives to replicability studies and the priority standards that journals would currently have for novel and positive studies. Finally, the existing alternatives to reverse this situation are mentioned, among them the opening to new statistical approaches, the restructuring of incentives, and the development of editorial policies that facilitate the means for replication.
Post-pandemic Pedagogy: Distance Education in Greece During COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Eyes of the Teachers
Authors: Nikiforos Stefanos , Tzanavaris Spyros , Kermanidis Katia Lida
Published: December 2020

Distance education had already appeared since 1970. During the first implementation period it mainly concerned adults and education at university level. In the recent years, through the internet development, distance education has acquired a new hypostasis, as innovative applications have facilitated its implementation in multiple contexts. Despite this, education remained mainly on a physical level (face to face interaction), while distance education was rather complementary (hybrid or blended learning). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the first pandemic in the digital era, an urgent need that led to a universal and “violent” transition to distance education arose, often without assuring the necessary preconditions. This research aims to capture the experience of teachers in Greece during this transition.
A Visual Depiction of an Educational Robotics Framework Aimed to Foster the Development of Collaboration Skills
Authors: Demetroulis Emmanouil A. , Platis Nikos , Wallace Manolis , Antoniou Angeliki , Poulopoulos Vassilis
Published: December 2020

There is a constantly growing research interest for Educational Robotics and its effects to the development of student skills. Many researchers conclude and state that E.R develops and increases the collaboration skills of students, without presenting a specific strategy or a methodology that supports the whole process. In addition, the reports are not supported by measurable results or observations of elements that comprise the collaboration skills. This research focuses at the creation of the appropriate conditions, strategy and methodology in order for collaboration skills to find solid foundations for development. It is important to be stated that collaboration is not seen as the means to produce learning outcomes, but collaboration and collaboration skills are perceived to be the outcome of this approach. The aim of this article is to provide a visual depiction of our proposed approach.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Chrysin Flavonoid as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution
Authors: Díaz M. Y. , Valladares M. G. , Menchaca E. C. , Uruchurtu J.
Published: December 2020

Recently research is focused on natural organic compounds as metallic corrosion inhibitors demonstrating good corrosion protection and efficiencies. Steel corrosion behavior in acid media was evaluated in the presence of a pure natural flavonoid metabolite named Chrysin present in different plants. The evaluation of corrosion protection was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical current density under potentiostatic conditions. Polarization curves present active dissolution and at high overpotentials two passivation regions were found. Slight corrosion protection was obtained from EIS measurements and potentiostatic curves at three different anodic potentials: -370, +216 and +600 mV, revealed a more stable passive film in the presence of Chrysin at both passive regions. High corrosion protection was obtained on the film formed at +600 mV during the first 4 hours of immersion.
Hubungan antara Psychological Well-Being dan Problematic Internet Use pada Emerging Adult
Authors: Syihab Aisyah , Rani Dyah , Paramita Anindya Dewi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan psychological well-being dan problematic internet use pada emerging adult. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 210 emerging adult di Jakarta dengan teknik pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Psychological well-being diukur menggunakan Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) yang dikembangkan oleh Ryff (1989). Problematic Internet Use diukur menggunakan Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS-2) yang dikembangkan oleh Caplan (2010). Data penelitian ini dianalisis dengan teknik korelasi sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara semua dimensi psychological well-being (self-acceptance, positive relation with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth) dan problematic internet use.
An Identification of Students’ Responses Based on Solo Taxonomy in Mathematics Learning Toward Learning Activities and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kaharuddin Andi , Hajeniati Nining
Published: December 2020

Taxonomy solo is a classification of real responses from students. This research aims to identify the effect of students' responses based on a solo taxonomy in mathematics learning on learning activity and learning outcomes. This research is a mixed-method with an explanatory sequential design. The data were collected using observation instruments, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The data was analyzed inferentially and narratively. Based on the results, students who are at the extended abstract response level are classified as very active and having very high learning outcomes, students who are at the relational response level are identified as active and having high learning outcomes, students who are at the multi-structural response level are identified as active and having moderate learning outcomes, students who are at the Uni-structural response level are identified as active and having moderate learning outcomes, and students who are at the pre-structural response level are identified as less active and having low learning outcomes. Thus, it can be interpreted that students' responses based on solo taxonomy in mathematics learning affect activeness and learning outcomes.
Developing Bilingual Learning Multimedia in Integral Application Learning Material For Vocational School
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Hamdi Syukrul , Arcana I Nyoman
Published: December 2020

ICT advancement can be utilized to improve the quality of education. In this globalization era, the millennial generation is demanded to be technology literate and fluent in English to compete in the global world considering that English has been established as an international language. Therefore, the integration of English into learning in the form of multimedia bilingual learning is needed. This study aimed to determine the feasibility, attractiveness, and effectiveness of bilingual learning multimedia on the integral application material for vocational schools. This research is research and development. Based on the results of validation and field trials, the developed bilingual mathematics learning media was in the feasible, interesting, and effective categories. The feasibility of the bilingual learning multimedia based on the material expert validation obtained an average of 4.6 and the media expert validation obtained an average of 4.9 which indicated that the developed product was in the feasible category. The attractiveness of bilingual mathematics learning multimedia based on students’ responses was 89% in the very interesting category. The effectiveness of the developed bilingual learning multimedia to improve students' mathematics learning outcomes was known based on the N-Gain value of 0.8 in the high category.
Education Game based on Timor Local Wisdom as an Android-Based Mathematics Learning Media
Authors: Suddin Sulasri , Deda Yohanis Ndapa
Published: December 2020

The linkage of technology in the world of education today has developed rapidly. One of them is the development of mathematics learning media in the form of educational games. The purpose of this research is to develop an educational learning media game that is integrated into Timor local wisdom so that this media has its uniqueness to help students learn. Research on a fast educational game on mathematics based on an android smartphone was conducted at MTs Nurul Falah, Kefamenanu, NTT. The media was developed using software construct 2. The method used in this research is development research with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The results of the validity test based on material experts, media experts, and teachers indicate that educational games with the theme of local wisdom as android-based mathematics learning media were included in the category of very feasible to use with an average validation of 4.33 and very feasible criteria. At this stage, a limited trial using a questionnaire showed that game education received a positive response to the use of game education media with an average percentage of 98.93%. These results indicate that the process of learning mathematics using this media can motivate and facilitate student learning compared to the learning that has been done. During the pandemic, COVID-19 media can be used as online-based learning media because students can easily download the application then the teacher controls the process.
Various Forms and Meanings of Diminutive in Classical and Modern Arabic
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Gunawan Riski , Anwar Saepul
Published: December 2020

Diminutive (isim tasgĩr) is often interpreted in Arabic as a word that means 'little'. In fact, linguistic data shows the many meanings denoted and connoted by this diminutive form and meaning. Hence, this study aims to describe various forms and meanings of diminutive lexemes in Arabic. Diminutive is a small form of a word which in Arabic is often referred to as isim tasgĩr. The method which is used is descriptive-qualitative. The source of research data are Arabic dictionaries, poetry collections and novels. The results of this study indicate: first, diminutive in Arabic if it is seen in its form has one morpheme, namely u ay, with three different realizations depending on the number of consonants of a word, i.e. when the lingual unit (adjective or noun) is minimized consists of three consonants, u ay i when the lingual unit (adjective or noun) is divided consisting of four consonants and u ay iy, with several omissions of several consonants when the lingual unit both the noun and the adjective are divided into five consonants or more; secondly, it is diminutive in Arabic if it is seen as the meaning that shows affection, closeness, intimacy, insulting or looking down, praising and others. The significance of this research based on the presentation of other meanings which are not only of 'smallness' or 'littleness' of its meaning. This study at least has a novelty about adding other meanings that is broader than just a small meaning in Arabic.
Finanse przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach ryzyka rynku surowców
Authors: Szydłowski Konrad , Wojtowicz Karol , Szturo Marek
Published: December 2020

Monografia została poświęcona problematyce ryzyka rynku commodities oraz jego wpływu na finanse przedsiębiorstwa. Zarówno praktyka gospodarcza, jak też wyniki wielu badań wskazują, iż przedsiębiorstwa prowadzące działalność w oparciu o rynek surowców, są w sposób szczególny narażone na dwa rodzaje ryzyka. Jest to ryzyko zmienności rynkowych cen surowców, jak też ryzyko wahań kursów walut. Omawiany problem dotyczy zarówno dostawców surowców, jak też podmioty reprezentujące stronę popytową rynku. Celem głównym publikacji jest przedstawienie mechanizmów oddziaływania ryzyka rynku towarowego na finanse przedsiębiorstwa. Niniejszy cel zrealizowano na podstawie przeprowadzonych studiów literaturowych, jak również analizy danych rynkowych dotyczących poszczególnych grup surowców. Ponadto analizie poddano wyniki działalności wybranych spółek surowcowych. Publikacja jest skierowana do szerokiego grona odbiorców. Stanowi kompendium wiedzy na temat mechanizmów funkcjonowania rynku surowców, jak również ryzyka prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej w oparciu o ten rynek. Treści zawarte w poszczególnych rozdziałach posłużyć mogą jako materiał skierowany do kadry dydaktycznej, studentów i słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych, kursów, czy też szkoleń. Dotyczy to w szczególności przedmiotów oraz kursów związanych z problematyką finansów przedsiębiorstwa i zarządzania ryzykiem finansowym. Publikacja skierowana jest również do kadry menedżerskiej spółek surowcowych, zwłaszcza osób zatrudnionych w działach finansowo-księgowych, zarządzania ryzykiem, a także jednostek odpowiedzialnych za dokonywanie transakcji handlowych, analitykę i monitoring rynku towarowego. Monografia może być również materiałem źródłowym dla kadry naukowej, której obszarem badań jest rynek surowców oraz jego wpływ na finanse przedsiębiorstwa.
Artículo 9/2020_EJIC (nº 205) El rol de la música en la delincuencia juvenil: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Nanclares González Esther
Published: December 2020

La música está presente en la vida de los seres humanos desde la pronta infancia. Aun así, pocas investigaciones criminológicas se han focalizado en el rol de la música durante la adolescencia. Esta investigación explora la relación entre la preferencia por un género musical y la delincuencia en adolescentes. Se ha utilizado un cuestionario de autoinforme aplicado, a través de un muestreo no-probabilístico, a 381 jóvenes de 14 a 18 años, alumnos de institutos públicos españoles. Los resultados sugieren que las personas que escuchan música trap, reggaetón o rap presentan niveles significativamente más elevados de delincuencia en comparación a los que prefieren la música pop y rock. Sin embargo, mediante el estudio de la prevalencia e incidencia vida, no se puede establecer relación de causalidad entre las variables estudiadas. Se proponen, para futuras investigaciones, una serie de mejoras orientadas al empleo de un diseño de estudio alternativo.
Artículo 10/2020_EJIC (nº 206) Blockchain, criptomonedas y los fenómenos delictivos: entre el crimen y el desarrollo
Authors: Pérez Medina Dévika
Published: December 2020

Blockchain es una tecnología utilizada para el almacenamiento de datos que crece de forma acelerada. Esta es la tecnología mayoritariamente utilizada para crear y albergar otro fenómeno reciente, las criptomonedas. En las criptomonedas han visto la oportunidad organizaciones criminales para realizar y financiar actividades ilícitas. A pesar de que el funcionamiento del blockchain se basa en la claridad y transparencia de sus bloques, los estudios muestran evidencias de su vinculación con delitos como el blanqueo de capitales, la financiación del terrorismo o la compra de servicios ilícitos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la jurisprudencia penal española en materia de blockchain y criptomonedas, poniéndola en relación con los fenómenos delictivos destacados por la doctrina y las autoridades administrativas y legislativas de España y la Unión Europea. A este respecto el resultado del estudio muestra que existe una diferencia clara entre ambos ámbitos. Así, mientras que en el ámbito doctrinal, legislativo y administrativo los principales focos de interés en cuanto a la utilización de la tecnología blockchain y las criptomonedas han estado relacionados con el blanqueo de capitales, las evasiones fiscales, la financiación del terrorismo y la compra de material ilícito, los casos que han llegado a los tribunales españoles han sido mayoritariamente delitos contra el patrimonio.
What Shapes the Integration Trajectory of Refugee Students? A Comparative Policy Analysis in Two German States
Authors: Korntheuer Annette , Damm Ann-Christin
Published: December 2020

Enabling the successful integration of refugee students into the German schooling system poses a crucial challenge for the coming years. Drawing from the human rights frame-work of the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies standards, we applied a rights-based approach to policy analysis on educational provisions for refugee students from 2012 to 2018. According to international and European law, Germany is obliged to grant similar access to education for nationals as well as refugee children and youth. In reality, the realization of educational rights varies from state to state. This will be highlighted and discussed in this article, using the example of two very different German states, Hamburg and Saxony. The sudden rise of numbers of refugees led only slowly to an increase in educational policy density and intensity on federal state and national levels in 2016 and 2017. We find that the differences in compulsory schooling, models of integration into schooling, and the asylum and settlement policies in both states shape the educational participation of refugee children and youths. Both states implemented parallel integration models that might bear risks of stigmatization and limit educational possibilities. However, transition and language support concepts in both contexts contain integrative phases offering language supports in the regular classrooms. Asylum policies and state-specific settlement policies have profound implications for the rights and access to education. Further, vocational education and training programs play a crucial role, especially in Saxony, to tackle demographic challenges.

****Note that the original pdf version of this article contained a small production error that has now been corrected.***
Analogue Rice Formulation from Tapioca, Soybean Flour, Natural Dyes (Amaranthus tricolor L. and Alternanthera amoena V.)
Authors: Saati Elfi Anis , Noviani Auliarinda , Wachid Muhammad , Siskawardani Devi Dwi
Published: December 2020

The diversification of food is the solution of rice imports elevation, rice consumption dependence, as well as lack of protein calories for baby in Indonesia. Analogue rice from local resources such as various starches, both from tubers and nuts. Analogue rice is produced from flour with the addition of water or other nutritional components. To improve consumer appeal, the natural dyes addition also can increase nutrition product. This research aimed to analyze the effect of pigment sources and formulation of tapioca and soybean. Nested design was applied with 1st factor was sources of pigment (control, extracted green spinach, and red spinach). The second factor was the proportion of tapioca and soybean flour. The result showed that protein increased from 4.54% to 5.30% and iron (Fe) increased from 2.58 to 14.54 ppm. The best analog rice was produced from T1B2 (85% tapioca : 15% soybean flour x red spinach) which had moisture content (4.96%), fat (3.23%), protein (5.70%), absorption capacity (175.89%), color intensity (L = 52.40; a+ = 1.50; b+ = 10.10), antioxidant activity (88.55%), total pigment (4.86 mg L-1), and iron (20.11%). The organoleptic score was taste (3.17 = quite like), texture (3.30 = quite like), shape (3.03 = quite like), and preference (3.23 = quite like).
Quality of Macronutrient of Cow's Milk with Addition of Soybean Oil and Phycocyanin Extract as Functional Food
Authors: Nefasa Angela Nitia , Wulandari Eudia Christina , Christwardana Marcelinus , Hadiyanto H.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the further effect of soybean oil and phycocyanin extract against the quality of macronutrient (fat, protein, lactose) and also Solid Non-Fat (SNF) in cow’s milk. Two different substances, i.e., soybean oil and different amount of phycocyanin extract was added into the milk. The result showed the increase of protein content gradually from 3.49 ± 0.230 to 3.88 ± 0.010 when phycocyanin was added. The inverse with the decreased fat content from the control sample, but after the addition of phycocyanin extract, it was increased gradually 6.15 ± 0.210 to 6.35 ± 0.21. SNF has increased from 10.61 ± 0.014 to 10.87 ± 0.007, while the decreasing level of lactose has been shown from 5.74  ± 0.021 to 5.62  ± 0.028 due to addition of phycocyanin. In conclusion,  the addition of phycocyanin extract can increase the protein and SNF content of milk. This phycocyanin extract also acts as an antioxidant agent so that it can reduce the oxidation process, which might be caused by the addition of soybean oil. Soybean oil might be used as a food additive to improve the fat content of milk but must be accompanied by an antioxidant agent to prevent the oxidation process.
Post extraction complications - An institution based retrospective study
Authors: Md Sohaib Shahzan  , Madhulaxmi Marimuthu
Published: December 2020

Tooth extraction is one of the most common procedures undertaken in the dental clinic. As with any surgical procedure, even a simple tooth extraction can result in complications. Post extraction complications can be annoying to the patient, thereby causing mild morbidity and have an impact on their quality of life. Complications are wide starting from common ones like alveolitis and root fracture, dry socket, infraction, halitosis, pain, trismus and uncommon ones like displacement of root fragments within the sinus and oral antral fistula. The aim of this study  was to evaluate post-extraction complications among patients visiting saveetha dental college.  This is a retrospective study. We reviewed patient records and analysed the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020. From a pooled sample size of 23000 extractions done during this period, data of patients reporting for post-extraction complications were segregated and analysed. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 by IBM. The results were analysed using the chi-square test.  In this study, we observed that among a sample of 23000 simple extractions, only 42 patients had reported back with post-extraction complications (0.18%). These complications were more in males than in females. When compared between maxillary and mandibular arch, the mandible had more incidence with 54.16%. The most common complication was dry socket (58.34%). Pain as a complication was more in males than in females.  Within the limits of the study, the incidence of post-extraction complication is more in males than females. Higher incidence of complication was seen in a mandibular arch (54.16%) than in maxillary arch (45.84%).
Oral and Dermal Candidiasis Among Infants in Al-Battol Teaching Hospital
Authors: H Khaleefa Raghad , T Ahmed Luma , S Hameed Dawood
Published: December 2020

Background: Candida spp. is the yeast caused infection termed candidiasis; this is naturally found on the skin and inner the body, in an area like the gut, intestines, throat, vagina, and mouth, with the absence inciting any problems. Candida albicans is yeast naturally found in the skin; intestinal tract; vaginal and mouth. This is a polymorphic yeast (that capable of growing either as avoid shaped budding yeast, when it affect the mouth, it is typically termed oral thrush, and when it affect the dermal (diaper area) called diaper rash. clinical signs and symptoms involve white patches on the or other areas of the mouth and throat, `other signs may involve soreness and problems of swallowing. Objective: To study detection, isolation, and identification of C. albicans from infants in Al-Battol Teaching Hospital in Diyala Province by routine laboratory procedure, and identification of other species of Candida. Patients and Methods: Two hundred samples were taken from infants less than 2 years who attended Al-Battol teaching Hospital in Diyala, province during the period from October 2019 to February 2020. Method of this study by making a routine and confirmative diagnosis processes involve a microscopic examination, culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar for diagnosis of primary invasive candidiasis, and culture on chrome agar for differentiating between C. albicans and other spp. Results: The results of this study showed the isolates of oral samples were 12 (24%) C. albicans and 18(36.0%) C. non albicans; for dermal isolates were 10(20.0%) C. albicans and 17(34.0%) C. non albicans; and for both isolates oral and dermal samples were 13(26.0%) C. albicans and 21 (42.0) C. non albicans. Conclusion: In this study found that the male are more infected by Candida than female. And also we concluded that small age children more infected than large age. Keywords: C. albican, non-albicans Candida spp. , infants
Comparative Evaluation of The Efficacy of Topical Hyaluronic Acid ( 0.2%) and Topical Triamcinolone Acetonide( 0.1%) in The Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors:   Menistry of Health - Erbil- Iraq, Nzhad Mustafa Bero , Fakhree Alzubaidee Ali
Published: December 2020

Background: Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common oral lesion. They are classified into minor, major, and herpetiform ulcers. More than 85% of recurrent aphthous stomatitis presents as a minor ulcer. Hyaluronic acid is a biomaterial and it is a major carbohydrate component that can be found in many tissues and recently introduced as an alternative approach to enhance wound healing. Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid and it has two forms for topical use cream (0.1%) and ointment (0.1%). Objective: To make a comparison between the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (0.2%) and triamcinolone acetonide (0.1) in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcer. Patients and Methods: We recruited eighty patients who had a history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and when presented with current oral ulcer and randomly divided into two groups, one group received hyaluronic acid, and the other group received triamcinolone acetonide. The instruction was given to all patients to apply the agent to the aphthous ulcer 4 times per day for 6 days (day 0 to day 6). The severity of pain was assessed by using VAS and the change of the ulcer surface area measured. Results: Eighty patients with aphthous ulcers have participated in the study, 43 were treated with hyaluronic acid, 37 were treated with triamcinolone acetonide. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding ulcer surface and after three and six days, the diameter of the ulcer in the hyaluronic acid group was significantly reduced in comparison with those of the triamcinolone acetonide group (p < 0.001). Regarding VAS for pain, there was a significant difference after three and six days, hyaluronic acid group had significantly less VAS than those of the triamcinolone acetonide group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid is more effective than triamcinolone acetonide when used in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers in reducing pain and surface area of the ulcer. Keywords: Hyaluronic acid (HA), Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), comparative evaluation
Association between Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 and Folate with Oxidative Biomarkers in Diabetic Type 2 Patients in People in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study
Authors:   Department of Chemistry - College of Education - Salahaddin University-Erbil- Iraq, Ismael Ibrahim Gulzar , Jameel Majeed Hemn , Abdullah Yousif Pshtiwan , Muhsin Abdulkareem Saman
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the largest endocrine disorder in the world that refers to chronic hyperglycemia caused by impairment in both insulin secretion and action. Folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D deficiency are related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study has been carried out to investigate the role of folate, vitamins B12, and D status during the progression of diabetic type 2 patients compared to non-diabetic control subjects. Patients and Methods: We measured the plasma levels of folate, vitamins B12, and D, along with blood glucose, HbA1c, and oxidative biomarkers in 50 diabetic type 2 patients and 50 healthy subjects used as a control group. Results: The findings revealed that the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects, and the serum level of nitric oxide (NO) in T2D patients lower than in control. The concentration of vitamin D, B12, and folate in T2D patients significantly lower than non-T2D control. The results also showed a significant relationship between serum vitamin D, MDA, and NO with HbA1c, while there was an insignificant correlation between vitamin B12 and folate with HbA1c. Conclusion: The oxidative biomarkers and vitamins D, B12, and folate level can play an important role in the development and progression of T2D. Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folic acid, type 2 diabetes
Extra-Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotriposy ( ESWL ) for Lower Ureteral Stone
Authors:   Baquba Teaching Hospital - Diyala- Iraq, Jasim Mohammed Alzaidy Othman , Ahmed Farhood Reyad
Published: December 2020

Background: The optimal treatment of ureteral stones, particularly the lower ureteral stone, still controversial[5,13,15,18]. Objective: To assess the success rate of ESWL and tamsulosin in lower ureteral stone. Also to identify the parameters that affects the success rate of ESWL in the lower ureteral stone. Patients and Methods: Prospective study has been done on thirty-six patients sequentially selected from referred cases to the ESWL department in Sulaimania Teaching Hospital in the period from June, 2010 to January, 2011). All had radioopaque lower ureteric stone (from the lower border of sacroiliac joint to uretero-vesical junction). Stones ranging from (5.8 to14mm), twenty in the left side and sixteen in the right side , age ranging from (10 to 78 years), and only four of them had double J-stent (within 1 week before ESWL). Weekly follow up of all patients were done by U/S and twice-weekly by KUB for 6 weeks. Results: Twenty four cases (66.7%) were free of stone, five cases (13.9%) had residual stone and seven cases (19.4%) failed to respond, the most important two parameters that affect the result are the size of stone and number of sessions. Conclusion: ESWL is safe and useful, and it is considered to be the first favorable line of intervention for lower ureteric stones after failure of watchful waiting and medical expulsion therapy especially those without complications like obstruction. Keywords: Lower ureteric stone, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Arapça eğitim kalitesinin artırılmasında yükseköğretim ve ortaöğretim kurumlarının bireysel ve ortaklaşa yapacakları çalışmaların önemi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mevlüt
Published: December 2020

Ülkemizde Arapça eğitimi lise düzeyinde imam-hatip liselerinde, yükseköğretim düzeyinde resmî ve özel yükseköğretim kurumlarında gerçekleşmektedir. Yükseköğretim kurumlarımızda Arapça eğitimi “İlahiyat ve İslami İlimler Fakülteleri”, “Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulları”, “Arap Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü ve Arap Dili Eğitimi Bölümleri”nce verilmektedir. İmam-hatip liselerinde ve lise sonrası yükseköğretimde Arapça eğitimi gören öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluklarının ve eğitim kalitelerinin artırılması büyük bir önem arzetmektedir. Bunun içinde öğrencilerin Arapçaya karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalara, eğitim programının belirlenmesinde öncü olan metot ve tekniklere, bu programların uygulanabilmesinde kullanılan araç gereçlere, bu eğitimi gerçekleştiren eğitimciye, uygun ölçme-değerlendirme araçlarından öğrenenin motive edilmesine kadar süreç ile ilgili bir dizi çalışmalar yapılmış ve bu çalışmalara yenileri eklenerek yapılmaya devam etmektedir. Ortaöğretim ve yükseköğretim kurumlarımızda yapılan Arapça eğitimlerinde, eğitim kalitesinin artırılması için her iki kurumun kendi bünyesinde yaptıkları çalışmaların yanında bu kurumların ortaklaşa çalışmalar da yapması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada eğitim kalitesinin artırılmasında ortaöğretim ve yükseköğretim kurumlarının bireysel olarak yapmaları gerekli çalışmalar ile ortak çalışmaların neler olduğu, bu tür çalışmaların gerekliliği ve böyle bir çalışmanın her iki kurumdaki Arapça eğitimine katkıları ortaya konulmak istenmiştir.
An expositional study on the translation processes of politeness strategies through register analysis
Authors: SARIASLAN Kadir , İŞİSAĞ Korkut Uluç
Published: December 2020

It is known that every language and culture bear its own characteristics and ways of expressing politeness. However, politeness strategies that have been put forward so far have almost always referred to the pivotal taxonomy of Penelope Brown and Steven C. Levinson (1978). The four-super strategies classified to designate and adjust the appropriateness of actions or speech acts have been mostly useful, but the process of translating the strategies in question from one language to another has not only required criticism due to the uniqueness of languages but also led to modification at linguistic level. The motivation of creating the correspondent politeness strategy in the target language has provided translators with some amount of liberty, which has helped them deal with the phenomenon through functionality. The functional equivalence suggested by Juliane House and Basil Hatim and Ian Mason requires the analysis of register; field, mode and tenor. This study aims to assess the translational processes of requests, an example of directives, with a comparative approach comparing the four randomly chosen samples extracted from three translated versions of the worldwide famous play of Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman. The core of the analysis is to assess the translation of negative, positive, bald on record and off record politeness strategies and note if any drastic deviations are made in the target texts that may potentially distort interpersonal relations and balance and the context of situation designated by the author for the original text.