bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does HPWS amplify employees' change readiness for digital transformation? A study through the “work-from-anywhere” prism
Authors: Narbariya Sonali , Nayeem Mohammad Abdul , Gupta Ritu
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study intends to advance the research on the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and change readiness by examining the mediating role of positive employee outcomes. Therefore, the streams of strategic human resource management (SHRM) and change management are studied in the context of digital transformation in the post-COVID-19 pandemic scenario.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary responses from 409 Information Technology (IT) employees were analysed to investigate the mediating relationship between HPWS, positive employee outcomes and employee readiness to change. Researchers used statistical techniques to analyse the data, such as confirmatory factor analysis, correlations, regression and bootstrapping. In addition, sequential mediation was examined using “PROCESS Macro” and syntax for SPSS.

Findings

Results of the study revealed that implementation of HPWS through extensive training and development, performance-based appraisal and compensation, participation in decision-making, flexible work arrangements and rigorous recruitment and staffing results in enhanced employee-level outcomes. Thereby conclusively impacting their readiness to change for digital transformations.

Practical implications

This study revisits the elements of HPWS in the post-pandemic work-from-anywhere (WFA) scenario. Thus, it provides adequate indications that investment in designing bundles of change-oriented human resource (HR) practices amplifies the chances of success of a change initiative by creating a favourable mindset and attitude among IT employees in India.

Originality/value

This study is among the earliest to link two major streams of SHRM and change management by establishing HPWS as an essential antecedent of a change-related outcome by introducing multiple mediators in the sequence. This sequence provides new insights for enhancing the probability of organisational change directives succeeding.
Accounting for environmental stress in restoration of intertidal foundation species
Authors: Clausing Rachel J. , De La Fuente Gina , Falace Annalisa , Chiantore Mariachiara
Published: November 2022

Restoration of foundation species in historical habitat may be difficult if adult facilitation is obligatory for survival of early life stages.

On intertidal Mediterranean coasts, large‐scale loss of the dominant forest‐forming macroalga Ericaria amentacea have prompted restoration efforts using recruits. Yet, early life stages may be more susceptible to the abiotic stress that characterizes their habitat.

We tested strategies to enhance resilience of lab‐cultured juveniles of E. amentacea to environmental stress in historical habitat lacking conspecifics. Juveniles were exposed in culture to fluctuations of the dominant physical stressors, irradiance and temperature, and then outplanted in upper and lower zones of their native intertidal range.

Without adult canopy, juvenile outplant survival was limited to the lower tidal range, with nearly complete mortality in the upper zone. Survival was also strongly determined by spatial clumping of recruits within the outplant substrate. Longer‐term growth in the lower zone was enhanced by fluctuating mild stress in culture, with variable irradiance and concurrent heat pulses increasing post‐outplant cover by 40%–60% after 4 months. Clumping also promoted growth across experimental treatments.

Synthesis and applications. Reliance on self‐facilitation feedbacks is a common barrier to foundation species restoration in high‐stress habitats. Our results suggest that without adult habitat amelioration, environmental stress limits recruit survival in intertidal algal forest. Yet, exposure to transient, low environmental stress in culture and outplanting of clumped individuals may confer resilience and allow successful establishment of early life stages in zones of reduced abiotic stress, providing a source for gradual colonization of more high‐stress areas.
Identification of redundancy between human FcεRIβ and MS4A6A proteins points toward additional complex mechanisms for FcεRI trafficking and signaling
Authors: Bitting Katie , Hedgespeth Barry , Ehrhardt‐Humbert Lauren C. , Arthur Greer K. , Schubert Alicia G. , Bradding Peter , Tilley Stephen L. , Cruse Glenn
Published: November 2022

Background

Allergic diseases are triggered by signaling through the high‐affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. In both mast cells (MCs) and basophils, FcεRI is a tetrameric receptor complex comprising a ligand‐binding α subunit (FcεRIα), a tetraspan β subunit (FcεRIβ, MS4A2) responsible for trafficking and signal amplification, and a signal transducing dimer of single transmembrane γ subunits (FcεRIγ). However, FcεRI also exists as presumed trimeric complexes that lack FcεRIβ and are expressed on several cell types outside the MC and basophil lineages. Despite known differences between humans and mice in the presence of the trimeric FcεRI complex, questions remain as to how it traffics and whether it signals in the absence of FcεRIβ. We have previously reported that targeting FcεRIβ with exon‐skipping oligonucleotides eliminates IgE‐mediated degranulation in mouse MCs, but equivalent targeting in human MCs was not effective at reducing degranulation.

Results

Here, we report that the FcεRIβ‐like protein MS4A6A exists in human MCs and compensates for FcεRIβ in FcεRI trafficking and signaling. Human MS4A6A promotes surface expression of FcεRI complexes and facilitates degranulation. MS4A6A and FcεRIβ are encoded by highly related genes within the MS4A gene family that cluster within the human gene loci 11q12‐q13, a region linked to allergy and asthma susceptibility.

Conclusions

Our data suggest the presence of either FcεRIβ or MS4A6A is sufficient for degranulation, indicating that MS4A6A could be an elusive FcεRIβ‐like protein in human MCs that performs compensatory functions in allergic disease.
The symptomatic burden of Peyronie's disease at presentation according to patient age: A critical analysis of the Peyronie's disease questionnaire (PDQ) domains
Authors: Cilio Simone , Fallara Giuseppe , Capogrosso Paolo , Candela Luigi , Belladelli Federico , Pozzi Edoardo , Corsini Christian , Raffo Massimiliano , Schifano Nicolò , Boeri Luca , d'Arma Alessia , Imbimbo Ciro , Mirone Vincenzo , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: November 2022

Background

Peyronie's disease (PD) has a huge impact on patients’ physical and psychological wellbeing.

Objectives

To investigate whether patients’ age has an impact on PD symptomatic burden at first presentation.

Materials and methods

Data from 129 consecutive heterosexual patients seeking first medical attention for PD at a single andrological tertiary‐referral centre were collected. All patients completed the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) and the PD questionnaire (PDQ). Descriptive statistics were used to compare clinical features between younger (≤40years) and older (>40 years) patients. Multivariable linear model assessed the impact of age, the degree of penile curvature and their impact on PDQ (total scores and its domains), after adjusting for PD duration and IIEF‐erectile function domain scores.

Results

Of 129, 24 (18.6%) patients were ≤40 years old. Young patients presented with a less severe curvature than older patients (median [interquartile ranges] 20° [15–36] vs. 50° [40–80]; p = 0.04). However, younger age was associated with higher psychological and physical symptoms, PDQ‐penile pain and PDQ‐symptom bother scores (Coeff −0.11, −0.21 and −0.17, respectively) (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the greater the degree of curvature, the higher the PDQ–psychological and physical symptoms and the PDQ‐symptom bother scores (Coeff. 0.21 and 0.22, respectively; all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Around one in five men seeking first medical help for PD is younger than 40 years at presentation in the real‐life setting. PD‐related distress varies according to patients’ age, with younger men presenting with a greater risk of penile pain and symptom bother despite lower curvature.
Needlescopic appendectomy versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy in young patients
Authors: Okamoto Nariaki , Sujishi Ken , Tsugawa Sou , Jin Longxue , Suzuki Tetsutaro , Waseda Masahiro
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Several studies have reported that needlescopic appendectomy (NA) is a safe and effective procedure for appendicitis because of reduced trocar wounds and tissue trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NA in young patients under 40 years of age whose cosmesis matters with appendicitis by comparing it to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our database looking for patients under 40 years of age diagnosed with appendicitis who underwent NA or CLA from January 2013 to April 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: the NA group, and the CLA group. Data collected from each group included age, gender, body mass index, preoperative C‐reactive protein, emergency or non‐emergency settings, operative time, postoperative length of stay, postoperative complications, and pathological diagnosis.

Results

Fifty‐four patients underwent NA and 53 patients underwent CLA. The groups were similar in terms of demographic features. Pathological diagnoses were divided into the following categories: catarrhalis (n = 35), phlegmonous (n = 37), and gangrenous (n = 35). No significant difference was noted regarding the distribution of the three groups (P = .4).

NA resulted in significantly shorter operative times (P = .0005), and reduced lengths of hospital stay (P = .03) as compared to CLA. There was no significant difference in the number of complications between the two groups.

Conclusion

NA might be an effective surgical technique when performing a laparoscopic appendectomy in young patients with appendicitis.
Comparison of outcomes across low‐intensity psychological interventions for depression and anxiety within a stepped‐care setting: A naturalistic cohort study using propensity score modelling
Authors: Palacios Jorge , Adegoke Adedeji , Wogan Rebecca , Duffy Daniel , Earley Caroline , Eilert Nora , Enrique Angel , Sollesse Sarah , Chapman Judith , Richards Derek
Published: November 2022

Low‐intensity interventions for common mental disorders (CMD) address issues such as clinician shortages and barriers to accessing care. However, there is a lack of research into their comparative effectiveness in routine care. We aimed to compare treatment effects of three such interventions, utilizing four years' worth of routine clinical data. Users completing a course of guided self‐help bibliotherapy (GSH), internet‐delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) or psychoeducational group therapy (PGT) from a stepped‐care service within the NHS in England were included. Propensity score models (stratification and weighting) were used to control for allocation bias and determine average treatment effect (ATE) between the interventions. 21,215 users comprised the study sample (GSH = 12,896, iCBT = 6862, PGT = 1457). Adherence‐to‐treatment rates were higher in iCBT. All interventions showed significant improvements in depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (GAD‐7) and functioning (WSAS) scores, with largest effect sizes for iCBT. Both propensity score models showed a significant ATE in favour of iCBT versus GSH and PGT, and in favour of GSH versus PGT. Discernible differences in effectiveness were seen for iCBT in comparison with GSH and PGT. Given variance in delivery mode and human resources between different low‐intensity interventions, building on these findings would be valuable for future service provision and policy decision making.
Examining fentanyl and its analogues in the unregulated drug supply of British Columbia, Canada using drug checking technologies
Authors: Crepeault Hannah , Socias Maria Eugenia , Tobias Samuel , Lysyshyn Mark , Custance Allen , Shapiro Aaron , Ti Lianping
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The emergence of fentanyl and its analogues have contributed to a drastic rise in overdose‐related mortality in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine the number of drug checking samples containing fentanyl and fentanyl analogues using both point of care and confirmatory drug checking technologies.

Methods

Point‐of‐care drug checking data, using a combination of fentanyl immunoassay strips and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were collected at harm reduction sites in Vancouver and Surrey, British Columbia. Based on current recommendations from the British Columbia Centre on Substance Use Drug Checking Project, a subset of these samples was sent for confirmatory analysis using quantitative nuclear resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and/or liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

Results

A total of 22,916 samples were tested using FTIR and fentanyl immunoassay strips, of which 6125 (29%) were positive for fentanyl and/or fentanyl analogues. FTIR identified a fentanyl analogue in five samples (all carfentanil). Of the 1467 samples sent for confirmatory analysis, fentanyl was identified in 855 (58%) and fentanyl analogues in 85 (6%), including: carfentanil (n = 56), acetyl fentanyl (n = 15), furanyl fentanyl (n = 9) and cyclopropyl fentanyl (n = 5).

Discussion and Conclusion

Our research found that FTIR does not consistently distinguish between fentanyl and its analogues at point of care and that highly sensitive confirmatory drug checking technologies are needed to identify fentanyl analogues. These findings underscore the limitations of current drug checking technologies and the importance of using both point of care and confirmatory drug checking initiatives for monitoring changes in the drug supply.
Relationship between obesity severity, metabolic status and cardiovascular disease in obese adults
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Douglas Pamela S. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Thabane Lehana , Li Likang , Ye Zebing , Li Guowei
Published: November 2022

Background

Evidence about the associations between obesity severity, metabolic status and risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with obesity remains limited.

Methods

The study included 109,301 adults with obesity free of prior CVD based on the UK Biobank cohort. Metabolic status was categorized into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO; free of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Obesity severity was classified into three levels: class I (body mass index of 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), II (35.0–39.9) and III (≥40.0). Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses.

Results

There were 8059 incident CVD events during a median follow‐up of 8.1 years. MUO was significantly associated with a 74% increased CVD risk compared with MHO (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.62–1.83). There was a significant interaction between obesity severity and metabolic status on an additive scale regarding CVD risk. When taking class I obesity as reference, class II was nonsignificantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in the MHO group (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90–1.27), while class III was significantly related to increased risks of CVD (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12–1.96). In the MUO group, both classes II and III were significantly related to increased risks of CVD. Significant subgroup effects of age (p = .009) and sex (p = .047) were observed among participants with MUO but not in the MHO group.

Conclusions

Both elevated obesity severity and MUO were significantly associated with increased risks of CVD in adults with obesity, while metabolic status could modify the relationship between obesity severity and CVD risk. More research is needed to further clarify the relationship.
Comparison of Moran's I and Geary's c in Multivariate Spatial Pattern Analysis
Authors: Lin Jie
Published: November 2022

This article compares multivariate spatial analysis methods that include not only multivariate covariance, but also spatial dependence of the data explicitly and simultaneously in model design by extending two univariate autocorrelation measures, namely Moran's I and Geary's c. The results derived from the simulation datasets indicate that the standard Moran component analysis is preferable to Geary component analysis as a tool for summarizing multivariate spatial structures. However, the generalized Geary principal component analysis developed in this study by adding variance into the optimization criterion and solved as a trace ratio optimization problem performs as well as, if not better than its counterpart the Moran principal component analysis does. With respect to the sensitivity in detecting subtle spatial structures, the choice of the appropriate tool is dependent on the correlation and variance of the spatial multivariate data. Finally, the four techniques are applied to the Social Determinants of Health dataset to analyze its multivariate spatial pattern. The two generalized methods detect more urban areas and higher autocorrelation structures than the other two standard methods, and provide more obvious contrast between urban and rural areas due to the large variance of the spatial component.
Adherence, safety and potential effectiveness of a home‐based Radio‐Taiso exercise program in older adults with frailty: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Sasai Hiroyuki , Kojima Narumi , Sugie Masamitsu , Motokawa Keiko , Maruo Kazushi , Ono Risa , Aoyama Toshihiko , Inoue Shigeru , Kim Hunkyung
Published: November 2022

Aim

Radio‐Taiso, a traditional exercise program in Japan, may serve as a coping strategy for older adults with frailty during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This phase II trial tested program adherence and safety and explored the potential effectiveness of a home‐based Radio‐Taiso.

Methods

This assessor‐blind parallel randomized controlled trial included community‐dwelling Jolder Japanese adults with frailty and pre‐frailty. Fifty‐eight eligible participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention participants performed 3–5‐min sessions of Radio‐Taiso one to four times per day for 12 weeks. Feasibility criteria were set at practice and retention rates of ≥75%. Safety was monitored by assessing all adverse events reported by participants during the intervention period, irrespective of causality. Potential effectiveness was exploratorily assessed using items that allow clinical interpretation of changes: mobility and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL), assessed using the modified short physical performance battery (SPPB) and the SF‐36, respectively.

Results

Both practice (83%) and retention rates (100%) met the predetermined feasibility criteria. Eleven adverse events were reported but were supposedly unrelated to the intervention. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, there was no clinically significant difference in the change in SPPB score between groups (−0.4 points, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.2, 0.3); however, the intervention group scored higher in the mental component of HR‐QoL than did the control group (3.4 points, 95% CI: −1.1, 7.8).

Conclusions

The preliminary data indicate that a phase III trial is feasible, focusing on the mental aspect of HR‐QoL as the primary outcome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 32–37.
Molecular and immunohistochemical testing of bone tumours: review and update
Authors: Kovacs S Krisztian , Manassaporn Atikankul , Nielsen G Petur , Hung Yin P
Published: November 2022

Primary bone tumours can pose diagnostic problems due to their overlapping radiologic and histologic features. Given the recent advancement in our understanding of the biology of bone tumours, multiple immunohistochemical and molecular markers have been devised to aid in their diagnosis. This review provides brief updates on select bone tumours, including chondrosarcomas, benign chondrogenic tumours, osteosarcomas, benign osteogenic tumours, fibroosseous lesions, vascular tumours, osteoclastic giant cell‐rich or cystic tumours, chordoma, adamantinoma, small round blue cell sarcomas, and others. We discuss their salient molecular features and novel immunohistochemical correlates, along with some tips to avoid common diagnostic pitfalls.
Additional income support buffers the demand for child protection services at the municipality level
Authors: Toikko Timo , Seppälä Piia , McLaughlin Thomas Chalmers
Published: November 2022

This study explored in the Finnish context whether additional income support for economically insecure households reduces the demand for child protection services at the municipality level. The data were retrieved from the Official Statistics of Finland from 294 municipalities in 2017–2019. Mediation and moderation analyses were used for testing the hypotheses. According to the results, household economic insecurity was associated with the demand for child protection services. The more economically insecure households there were in a municipality, the greater the demand for child protection services. On the other hand, additional income support has a buffering effect between household economic insecurity and the demand for child protection services. However, the effect of additional income support depends on the proportion of economically insecure households in a municipality. The degree of buffering effect was increasing when the proportion of household economic insecurity was also increasing.
Work, Justice, and Collective Capital Institutions: Revisiting Rudolf Meidner and the Case for Wage‐Earner Funds
Authors: Furendal Markus , O'Neill Martin
Published: November 2022

This article makes the case for a specific variety of what we call Collective Capital Institutions (CCIs), by returning to the idea of Wage‐Earner Funds (WEFs) – a 1970s Swedish policy proposal designed gradually to shift ownership and control over parts of the economy to democratically controlled institutions. We identify two attractive rationales in favour of such a scheme and argue that both can fruitfully be transposed to the current worldwide economic situation. The egalitarian rationale is that WEFs could help in the pursuit of equality by giving a wider set of people a stake in collectively owned companies and a right to their profits. The democratic rationale is that WEFs redistribute not only these profits, but also the power over economic decisions made within companies. We then contrast such schemes for collective capital ownership with the similar but much more privatised proposals set out in, for instance, John Rawls's idea of a ‘property‐owning democracy’. We argue that CCIs ultimately are more likely to contribute to the development of the ‘sense of justice’ within society that is needed for a stable just society. We conclude that CCIs deserve a great deal more exploration in academic and political discussions of egalitarian economic systems.
Assessing banks’ resilience: A complementary approach to stress testing using fair values from banks’ financial statements
Authors: Dao Trang H. , Pugliese Amedeo , Ronen Joshua
Published: November 2022

For more than a decade, supervisory banking authorities in Europe and the United States have sought to assess the resilience of banks to adverse economic episodes to safeguard the financial system's stability. They rely on regulatory capital measures like Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) relative to risk‐weighted assets in the aftermath of potential economic crises. We propose a new measure of banks' resilience based on financial statements. The fair value margin (FVM) is estimated as the difference between the fair value of assets and the book value of liabilities, scaled by the book value of equity. We find that FVM is positively associated with the surplus or shortfall of CET1 resulting from the stress testing results from 2014, 2016 and 2018. To corroborate the relevance of FVM for supervisory authorities, we compare the ability of the loan component of FVM to predict future credit losses with the capital surplus/shortfall metric derived from the stress test. The findings indicate that the fair value of loans predicts net charge‐offs better than stress test outcomes. Therefore, we suggest that FVM could be used as a readily available and relatively low‐cost tool to assess bank resilience, thus complementing the stress test exercises.
Artificial Hotspot Occurrence Inventory (AHOI)
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Xie Yingying , Thammavong Hanna T. , Tulaiha Rima , Feng Xiao
Published: November 2022

Aim

Species occurrence records are essential to understanding Earth's biodiversity and addressing global environmental issues, but do not always reflect actual locations of occurrence. Certain geographical coordinates are assigned repeatedly to thousands of observation/collection records. This may result from imperfect data management and georeferencing practices, and can greatly bias the inferred distribution of biodiversity and associated environmental conditions. Nonetheless, these ‘biodiverse’ coordinates are often overlooked in taxon‐centric studies, as they are identifiable only in aggregate across taxa and datasets, and it is difficult to determine their true circumstance without in‐depth, focused investigation. Here we assess highly recurring coordinates in biodiversity data to determine artificial hotspots of occurrences.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Land plants, birds, mammals, insects.

Methods

We identified highly recurring coordinates across plant, bird, insect and mammal records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the largest aggregator of biodiversity data. We determined which are likely artificial hotspots by examining metadata from over 40 million records, assessing spatial distributions of associated datasets, contacting data managers and reviewing literature. These results were compiled into the Artificial Hotspot Occurrence Inventory (AHOI).

Results

Artificial biodiversity hotspots generally comprised geopolitical and grid centroids. The associated uncertainty ranged from several square kilometres to millions. Such artificial biodiversity hotspots were most prevalent in plant records. For instance, over 100,000 plant occurrence records were assigned the centroid coordinates of Brazil, and points that have at least 1000 associated occurrences comprised over 9 million records. In contrast, highly recurring coordinates in animal data more often reflected actual sites of observation.

Main conclusions

AHOI can be used to (i) improve accuracy of biodiversity assessments; (ii) estimate uncertainty associated with records from artificial hotspots and make informed decisions on whether to include them in scientific studies; and (iii) identify problems in biodiversity informatics workflows and priorities for improvement.
Major histocompatibility complex I‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the secretion of pro‐inflammatory muscle‐derived cytokines
Authors: Thoma Anastasia , Earl Kate E. , Goljanek‐Whysall Katarzyna , Lightfoot Adam P.
Published: November 2022

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I is an important component of intracellular antigen presentation. However, improper expression of MHC I upon the cell surface has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Myositis is a rare acquired autoimmune disease which targets skeletal muscle, and MHC I overexpression on the surface of muscle fibres and immune cell infiltration are clinical hallmarks. MHC I overexpression may have an important pathogenic role, mediated by the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Given the evidence that muscle is a diverse source of cytokines, we aimed to investigate whether MHC I overexpression can modify the profile of muscle‐derived cytokines and what role the ER stress pathway may play. Using C2C12 myoblasts we overexpressed MHC I with a H‐2kb vector in the presence or absence of salubrinal an ER stress pathway modifying compound. MHC I overexpression induced ER stress pathway activation and elevated cytokine gene expression. MHC I overexpression caused significant release of cytokines and chemokines, which was attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Conditioned media from MHC I overexpressing cells induced in vitro T‐cell chemotaxis, atrophy of healthy myotubes and modified mitochondrial function, features which were attenuated in the presence of salubrinal. Collectively, these data suggest that MHC I overexpression can induce pro‐inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release from C2C12 myoblasts, a process which appears to be mediated in‐part by the ER stress pathway.
Bond strength to different CAD/CAM lithium disilicate reinforced ceramics
Authors: Alhomuod Mona , Phark Jin‐Ho , Duarte Sillas
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the microstructure and the influence of applying universal adhesive only versus universal adhesive with additional silane application on shear bond strength (SBS) to four different lithium disilicate ceramic (LDC) materials.

Material and Methods

Specimens (n = 240, 1.5 mm thick) cut from four different CAD/CAM materials were polished and etched with 4.5% hydrofluoric (HF) acid according to manufacturers' instructions (20 s: IPS e.max CAD, n!ce; 30 s: Amber Mill, CEREC Tessera). For cementation, either universal adhesive only or silane + universal adhesive were applied before prefabricated composite cylinders were cemented using a dual‐cure resin cement. SBS testing was performed either after 24 h or after 20,000 cycles thermocycling +2 months water storage. Surfaces were analyzed with stereomicroscope for failure mode and with scanning‐electron microscopy for microstructure of the LDC. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with non‐parametric tests at α = 0.001.

Result

SBS values for non‐aged specimens ranged from 29.08 to 17.87 MPa and for aged specimens from 22.24 to 3.01 MPa. SBS was significantly reduced when silane was omitted after aging, (p < 0.001). Failure mode was mostly mixed with some cohesive failures in the LDC.

Conclusion

Bond strengths are highly affected by the CAD/CAM LDC and their microstructures. The application of silane after hydrofluoric etching is still essential to obtain long‐term bonding, irrespective of the presence of silane in the universal adhesive. Water degradation can significantly affect long‐term bonding to novel LDC.

Clinical Significance

When using a universal adhesive for bonding to LDC restorations, the best long‐term bond is achieved if an additional application of silane precedes the universal adhesive.
3D microscopy in industrial measurements
Authors: You Xiaoyu , Liu Jing , Li Yifei , Jiang Yong , Liu Jian
Published: November 2022

Quality control is essential to ensure the performance and yield of microdevices in industrial processing and manufacturing. In particular, 3D microscopy can be considered as a separate branch of microscopic instruments and plays a pivotal role in monitoring processing quality. For industrial measurements, 3D microscopy is mainly used for both the inspection of critical dimensions to ensure the design performance and detection of defects for improving the yield of microdevices. However, with the progress of advanced manufacturing technology and the increasing demand for high‐performance microdevices, 3D microscopy has ushered in new challenges and development opportunities, such as breakthroughs in diffraction limit, 3D characterisation and calibrations of critical dimensions, high‐precision detection and physical property determination of defects, and application of artificial intelligence. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey about the state of the art and challenges in 3D microscopy for industrial measurements, and provide development ideas for future research. By describing techniques and methods with their advantages and limitations, we provide guidance to researchers and developers about the most suitable technique available for their intended industrial measurements.
An examination of personality expression in everyday life in a Canadian sample of racialized undergraduate students
Authors: Chung Joanne M. , Harris Kelci , Zhang Stella , Adel Marim , Lafci Feyza , Debrosse Régine , Hoggard Lori S.
Published: November 2022

Objective

There is a growing body of research regarding the situations that are linked to personality expression in daily life. We examined racialized young adults' experiences of racial and ethnic cues, and variables from prior personality expression research.

Method

We assessed Big Five personality states in racialized undergraduate students (N = 180) in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada using experience sampling methodology. Participants (Mage = 19.85‐years‐old; 51% South Asian, 17% East Asian, 11% African, 11% Middle Eastern, 9% Southeast Asian, 8% Black‐North American, 5% Caribbean, 3% Afro‐Caribbean, 2% Central American, 2% White/European, 1% South American, 1% North African, 1% South and Central American, 1% Afro‐European, 3% another) provided five assessments daily over 12 days (Nobservations = 6980).

Results

We observed within‐person associations from past personality expression research (e.g., participants exhibited greater conscientiousness when at school). Racial and ethnic cues from previous studies of racial and ethnic identity, stereotyping, discrimination, and prejudice were associated with situational characteristics (e.g., being in a majority White space was associated with being in public), and with Big Five personality states (e.g., racial identity salience was associated with extraversion).

Conclusion

Results suggest that assessing sociocultural variables beyond the individual provides an opportunity for better understanding personality expression.
Meta‐mining: The political economy of meta‐analysis
Authors: Paldam Martin
Published: November 2022

Meta‐analysis studies the literature reporting estimates of one parameter, which at present is assumed positive. The purpose of the analysis is to find the best meta‐average, which corrects the mean of the estimates for bias. The two main biases are: (i) Publication bias, where the correction nearly always makes the average smaller. (ii) Omitted variable bias, where the correction typically makes the average larger. Consequently, the bias is likely to increase if the correction is for the wrong bias. This allows a game of meta‐mining to be played. A case study demonstrates the scope for meta‐mining, and that it has been done. The game of meta‐mining is surely against the purpose of meta‐analysis.
How to think about higher‐level perceptual contents
Authors: Burnston Daniel C.
Published: November 2022

The standard assumption for what perception must do in order to represent a “higher level” content—say, tiger—is that it must represent the kind as such. I argue that this “as such condition” is not constitutive of what it means for a content to be “higher‐level”, and that embracing it produces a range of unfortunate dialectical consequences. After offering this critique, I give an alternative construal, the “extended perceptual space” view of higher‐level contents. This view captures the phenomena targeted by the “higher‐level content” thesis, is empirically supported, and avoids the negative dialectical consequences of the as such condition.
Pulsed field ablation as first‐line treatment to reduce atrial fibrillation burden documented by pacemaker
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Schmidt Boris , Bordignon Stefano , Tohoku Shota , Urbanek Lukas , Chun Julian K. R.
Published: November 2022

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) using high‐voltage electrical energy is a novel and powerful ablation modality. However, PFA as a first‐line rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been rarely described; whether PFA interacts with the pacemaker (PM) has been seldom reported. We reported PFA of AF in a patient with PM who needed effective rhythm control. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was successfully performed without complication, and the procedure was extremely fast (skin‐to‐skin 25 min.) with short fluoroscopic time (3.9 min). PFA had no influence on the PM function. Six months’ follow‐up showed good clinical outcome and significantly decreased AF burden.
Double trouble during the left atrial appendage occlusion procedure
Authors: Inan Duygu , Ozkan Eyup , Cinier Goksel , Yavuz Sevil Tugrul , Kılıcgedik Alev , Karabay Can Yucel
Published: November 2022

Percutaneous structural interventions are being performed at increased numbers and rare findings or complications occur more frequently. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) is a relatively uncommon finding on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). The major challenge is the difficulty in performing transseptal puncture. We aimed to report the difficulties that were experienced during the left atrial appendage (LAA) closure in a case with an extreme form of LHIS.
The development and pandemic‐related adaptation of a resilience program for native middle‐school youth: A case study
Authors: Woods Cedric , Kim BoRam , Calvert Deirdre , Aronowitz Teri
Published: November 2022

Background

As of 2017, American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) had the highest prevalence of illicit drug use of any ethnic group in the United States, with 17.6% of the population aged 12 and older reporting using illicit drugs in the last month. Studies have shown the positive correlation between a history of trauma and substance use disorder. In fact, the majority of youth in treatment for substance misuse reported a history of trauma. Intergenerational trauma, systematic discrimination, and displacement are downstream effects of colonization, and experiences of racism often define the life experiences of AI/ANs who use substances. This paper describes the process of designing a developmentally and culturally appropriate primary prevention supplement for an evidence‐based program to prevent substance use and increase cultural identity among AI/AN youth.
Muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors after 3‐week immobilization
Authors: Chen Trevor Chung‐Ching , Kang Hsing‐Yu , Tseng Wei‐Chin , Lin Shih‐Che , Chan Chuan‐Wei , Chen Hsin‐Lian , Chou Tai‐Ying , Wang Hung‐Hao , Lau Wing Yin , Nosaka Kazunori
Published: November 2022

The present study investigated the effects of a 3‐week immobilization (IM) on muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric exercise (MaxEC) to test the hypothesis that the IM would make muscles prone to muscle damage. Young healthy sedentary men were pseudo‐randomly assigned to IM or control group (n = 12/group). Non‐dominant arms of the IM group participants were immobilized at 90° elbow flexion by a cast for 21 days. All participants performed MaxEC consisting of five sets of six elbow flexor contractions by lowering a dumbbell set at 100% of pre‐exercise maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength of the non‐dominant arm. This was performed at 2 days after the cast removal for the IM group. MVC torque, range of motion (ROM), muscle thickness (MT), muscle hardness, position sense (PS), and joint reaction angle (JRA) of the elbow flexors were measured at baseline, post‐immobilization, and before, immediately after, and one to 5 days after MaxEC. The IM decreased MVC torque (−17 ± 2%), ROM (−2 ± 1%), MT (−7 ± 3%), and JRA (−12 ± 6%), and increased in muscle hardness (20 ± 6%) and PS (11 ± 2%) (p < 0.05). Changes in MVC (e.g., 2 days: −40 ± 5 vs. −30 ± 9%), ROM (2 days: −11 ± 2 vs. −9 ± 3%), muscle soreness (peak: 63 ± 22 vs. 48 ± 14 mm), plasma CK activity (peak: 7820 ± 4011 vs. 4980 ± 1363 IU/L), PS (maximal change: −23 ± 2 vs. −18 ± 3%), and JRA (maximal change: −37 ± 4 vs. −26 ± 3%) after MaxEC were greater (p < 0.05) for the IM than control group. These results supported the hypothesis and showed that the IM made the muscles more vulnerable to muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise.
A randomised, double‐blinded comparison between subcutaneous rush and intralympathic allergen immunotherapy induction in atopic dogs
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Zablotski Yuri , Baumann Katja , Boehm Teresa , Kasper Bettina , Klinger Christoph , Monke Maarten , Udraite‐Vovk Laura , Weitzer Tamara , Gedon Natalie K. Y.
Published: November 2022

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in small animal practice. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for the disease, and oral, subcutaneous and intralymphatic administration of allergens are commonly employed.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of AIT following an induction phase with intralymphatic injections (ILIT) or rush immunotherapy (RIT).

Animals

Fifty privately owned dogs with AD.

Materials and Methods

In a double‐blinded study, dogs were randomly assigned to either four monthly ILIT of allergen extract or RIT with five injections administered subcutaneously at hourly intervals on the first day. They were assessed by validated scores; Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) at the beginning of the study and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The latter were performed daily for 7 days before each revisit. Medication scores and a total clinical score were calculated and compared between each group and time point.

Results

There was no significant difference in CADLI and PVAS scores, or CADLI and medication scores between groups at any of the time points. A significant improvement with both ILIT and RIT was seen in total and pruritus scores, respectively. An owner global assessment of good‐to‐excellent treatment efficacy was seen in 40% of the dogs; total scores improved by 27% and 35% in the RIT and ILIT group, respectively. Adverse effects were not seen.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Induction of AIT can be conducted either as RIT or ILIT with no loss in efficacy.
Extensive crystal fractionation of high-silica magmas revealed by K isotopes
Authors: Wang Ze-Zhou , Teng Fang-Zhen , Wu Fu-Yuan , Liu Zhi-Chao , Liu Xiao-Chi , Liu Sheng-Ao , Huang Tian-Yi
Published: November 2022

Fractional crystallization plays a critical role in generating the differentiated continental crust on Earth. However, whether efficient crystal-melt separation can occur in viscous felsic magmas remains a long-standing debate because of the difficulty in discriminating between differentiated melts and complementary cumulates. Here, we found large (~1 per mil) potassium isotopic variation in 54 strongly peraluminous high-silica (silicon dioxide >70 weight %) leucogranites from the Himalayan orogen, with potassium isotopes correlated with trace elemental proxies (e.g., strontium, rubidium/strontium, and europium anomaly) for plagioclase crystallization. Quantitative modeling requires up to ~60 to 90% fractional crystallization to account for the progressively light potassium isotopic composition of the fractionated leucogranites, while plagioclase accumulation results in enrichment of heavy potassium isotopes in cumulate leucogranites. Our findings strongly support fractional crystallization of high-silica magmas and highlight the great potential of potassium isotopes in studying felsic magma differentiation.
Flow-induced “waltzing” red blood cells: Microstructural reorganization and the corresponding rheological response
Authors: Liao Chih-Tang , Liu An-Jun , Chen Yeng-Long
Published: November 2022

We investigate flow-induced structural organization in a dilute suspension of tumbling red blood cells (RBCs) under confined shear flow. For small Reynolds (
Re
= 0.1) and capillary numbers (
Ca
), with fully coupled hydrodynamic interaction (HI) and without interparticle adhesion, we find that HI between the biconcave discoid particles prompts the formation of layered RBC chains and synchronized rotating RBC pairs, referred here as “waltzing doublets.” As the volume fraction ϕ increases, more waltzing doublets appear in RBC files. Stronger shear stress disrupts structural arrangements at higher
Ca
. We find that the flow-induced organization of waltzing doublets changes how the suspension viscosity varies with ϕ qualitatively. The intrinsic viscosity is particularly sensitive to microstructural rearrangement, increasing (decreasing) with ϕ at low (high)
Ca
that correlates with the change in the fraction of doublets. We verified flow-induced collective motion with comparison to two-cell simulations in which the cell volume fraction is controlled by varying the domain volume.
Eliminating interfacial O-involving degradation in Li-rich Mn-based cathodes for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Sun Shuo , Zhao Chen-Zi , Yuan Hong , Fu Zhong-Heng , Chen Xiang , Lu Yang , Li Yun-Fan , Hu Jiang-Kui , Dong Juncai , Huang Jia-Qi , Ouyang Minggao , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2022

In the pursuit of energy-dense all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSBs), Li-rich Mn-based oxide (LRMO) cathodes provide an exciting path forward with unexpectedly high capacity, low cost, and excellent processibility. However, the cause for LRMO|solid electrolyte interfacial degradation remains a mystery, hindering the application of LRMO-based ASSBs. Here, we first reveal that the surface oxygen instability of LRMO is the driving force for interfacial degradation, which severely blocks the interfacial Li-ion transport and triggers fast battery failure. By replacing the charge compensation of surface oxygen with sulfite, the overoxidation and interfacial degradation can be effectively prevented, therefore achieving a high specific capacity (~248 mAh g
−1
, 1.1 mAh cm
−2
; ~225 mAh g
−1
, 2.9 mAh cm
−2
) and excellent long-term cycling stability of >300 cycles with 81.2% capacity retention at room temperature. These findings emphasize the importance of irreversible anion reactions in interfacial failure and provide fresh insights into constructing stable interfaces in LRMO-based ASSBs.
Impact of FDA endorsement and modified risk versus exposure messaging in IQOS ads: a randomised factorial experiment among US and Israeli adults
Authors: Berg Carla J , Duan Zongshuan , Wang Yan , Thrasher James F , Bar-Zeev Yael , Abroms Lorien C , Romm Katelyn F , Khayat Amal , Levine Hagai
Published: November 2022

Background

IQOS was the first heated tobacco product to receive Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorisation for ‘reduced exposure’ marketing claims, which has been exploited globally.

Methods

In November–December 2021, we conducted a survey-based 3×3 factorial experiment among US (n=1128) and Israeli adults (n=1094). We presented: (1) reduced exposure, reduced risk and control messaging and (2) 2 variations of FDA endorsement and control messaging. Each participant was randomly assigned to evaluate 2 ads (displayed on different ad imagery), then completed assessments of perceived relative harm, exposure and disease risk and likelihood of personally trying or suggesting IQOS to smokers. Ordinal logistic regression examined messaging conditions and their interactions, on the 5 outcomes, respectively, adjusting for covariates.

Results

Control (vs reduced exposure) messaging resulted in higher perceived relative harm (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.29, 95% CI=1.12 to 1.48), exposure (aOR=1.34, 95% CI=1.17 to 1.54) and disease risk (aOR=1.23; 95% CI=1.08 to 1.40), and lower likelihood of suggesting IQOS to smokers (aOR=0.85; 95% CI=0.74 to 0.97). Reduced risk (vs exposure) messaging resulted in lower perceived relative harm (aOR=0.86; 95% CI=0.75 to 0.99). One FDA endorsement message (‘IQOS (completed) the US FDA examination of tobacco products. FDA concluded that IQOS is a better choice for adult smokers’) was associated with greater likelihood of suggesting IQOS to smokers, relative to control (aOR=1.19; 95% CI=1.04 to 1.37). No interactions between risk/exposure messaging and FDA endorsement messaging were found. Additionally, Israeli participants, cigarette users and men perceived lower relative harm and exposure and greater likelihood of trying or suggesting IQOS to smokers.

Conclusions

Regulators must monitor direct and indirect advertising content of modified risk tobacco product-authorised products and prevent potentially harmful misinterpretations.