bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney Function and Urine Protein Composition in Healthy Volunteers During Space Station Fitness Tests
Authors: Fomina Elena V. , Lisova Natalia Iu. , Kireev Kirill S. , Tiys Evgeny S. , Kononikhin Alexey S. , Larina Irina M.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: There is a close physiological connection between muscular activity and kidney function. During physical exercise (PE) the qualitative and quantitative composition of urine changes. This paper explores the influence of moderate PE on urine protein composition. The
study of urine protein composition will help to make corrections to the existing methods of countermeasures.METHODS: There were 10 healthy men who exercised on a treadmill similar to the one onboard the International Space Station. We analyzed their urinary proteome composition,
potassium level, sodium level, and their level of osmotically active substances before and after PE.RESULTS: After moderate PE, a small increase in urine flow speed and a constant glomerular filtration rate were noted. The average-group index of total protein excretion within the
urine was reliably increased. From the 148 proteins identified in the urine, 64 were associated with known tissue origin. We found that protein penetration into the urine had a positive correlation with their tissue expression. Selectivity of the glomerular barrier during PE decreased and
high-molecular weight proteins penetrated through the glomerular barrier more easily after PE.DISCUSSION: Performance of moderate intensity physical exercise of short duration did not lead to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate nor did diuresis increase above the limits
of baseline variability. However, the protein excretion rate increased after PE. We also observed that protein composition drift indicated a change in the set of biological processes in which a given protein participated, in some cases activating, in some cases inactivating them.Fomina
EV, Lisova NIu, Kireev KS, Tiys ES, Kononikhin AS, Larina IM. Kidney function and urine protein composition in healthy volunteers during space station fitness tests. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(5):472–476.
Consistent Individual Behavioral Variation: The Difference between Temperament, Personality and Behavioral Syndromes
Authors: MacKay Jill , Haskell Marie
Published: July 2015

Ethologists use a variety of terminology such as “personality”, “temperament” and “behavioral syndromes” almost interchangeably to discuss the phenomenon of individuals within a population of animals consistently varying from one another in their behavioral responses to stimuli. This interchangeable usage of terminology has contributed to confusion within the field of animal behavior and limits the study of the phenomenon. Here we use a rapid, non-exhaustive and repeatable search strategy literature review to investigate where there were unique distinctions between these three terms and where there was an overlap in their usage. We identified three main areas of confusion in terminology: historical usage which is not updated; a lack of precision between different fields of study; and a lack of precision between different levels of variation. We propose a framework with which to understand and define the terms based on the levels of variation ethologists are interested in. Consistent individual animal behavioral variation relates to the different structures of variation of between-individual/between-population and between and across contexts. By formalizing this framework we provide clarity between the three terms which can be easily defined and understood.
On Elliptic and Hyperbolic Modular Functions and the Corresponding Gudermann Peeta Functions
Authors: Ernst Thomas
Published: July 2015

In this article, we move back almost 200 years to Christoph Gudermann, the great expert on elliptic functions, who successfully put the twelve Jacobi functions in a didactic setting. We prove the second hyperbolic series expansions for elliptic functions again, and express generalizations of many of Gudermann’s formulas in Carlson’s modern notation. The transformations between squares of elliptic functions can be expressed as general Möbius transformations, and a conjecture of twelve formulas, extending a Gudermannian formula, is presented. In the second part of the paper, we consider the corresponding formulas for hyperbolic modular functions, and show that these Möbius transformations can be used to prove integral formulas for the inverses of hyperbolic modular functions, which are in fact Schwarz-Christoffel transformations. Finally, we present the simplest formulas for the Gudermann Peeta functions, variations of the Jacobi theta functions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 33E05; Secondary 33D15.
Relation between ADIPOQ Gene Polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Zhi-Peng , Zhang Mei , Gao Jie , Zhou Guo-Yan , Li Shuang-Qing , An Zhen-Mei
Published: July 2015

Objective: The manuscript investigates the relation between adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Chinese population. Methods: We designed a case-control study involving 340 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects and 340 type 2 diabetes patients. Three SNPs (rs182052, rs1501299, and rs7627128) were genotyped by TaqMan methods. Results: We found that rs7627128, rs1501299 and rs182052 were significantly associated with T2DM. Haplotypes analysis indicated that the frequency of the haplotypes A-A-T was frequent in T2DM patients (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.44–2.90; p < 0.001), but G-A-T was more frequent in the control group than in the T2DM group (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54–0.81; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The ADIPOQ genetic polymorphisms were associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.
Eleventh International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research
Authors: Tchounwou Paul
Published: July 2015

This special issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is dedicated to the publication of selected papers presented at the Eleventh International Symposium on Recent Advances in Environmental Health Research.[...]
Successful Nicotine Intake in Medical Assisted Use of E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona , Graziano Silvia , Pellegrini Manuela , Massaro Giuseppina , Beatrice Fabio
Published: July 2015

The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has gained popularity as an aid in smoking cessation programs mainly because it maintains the gestures and rituals of tobacco smoking. However, it has been shown in inexperienced e-cig users that ineffective nicotine delivery can cause tobacco craving that could be responsible for unsuccessful smoking reduction/cessation. Moreover, the incorrect use of an e-cig could also led to potential nicotine overdosage and intoxication. Medically assisted training on the proper use of an e-cig plus behavioral support for tobacco dependence could be a pivotal step in avoiding both issues. We performed an eight-month pilot study of adult smokers who started e-cig use after receiving a multi-component medically assisted training program with monitoring of nicotine intake as a biomarker of correct e-cig use. Participants were tested during follow-up for breath carbon monoxide (CO), plasma cotinine and trans-3’-hydroxycotinine, and number of tobacco cigarettes smoked. At the end of the first, fourth, and eighth month of follow-up, 91.1, 73.5, and 76.5% of participants respectively were e-cig users (‘only e-cig’ and ‘dual users’). They showed no significant variation in plasma cotinine and trans-3’-hydroxycotinine with respect to the start of the study when they smoked only tobacco cigarettes, but a significant reduction in breath CO. The proposed medically assisted training program of e-cig use led to a successful nicotine intake, lack of typical cigarette craving and overdosage symptoms and a significant decrease in the biomarker of cigarette combustion products.
Secondary Particulate Matter Originating from an Industrial Source and Its Impact on Population Health
Authors: Mangia Cristina , Cervino Marco , Gianicolo Emilio
Published: July 2015

Epidemiological studies have reported adverse associations between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and several health outcomes. One issue in this field is exposure assessment and, in particular, the role of secondary PM2.5, often neglected in environmental and health risk assessment. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term environmental and health impact of primary and secondary PM2.5 concentrations originating from a single industrial source. As a case study, we considered a coal power plant which is a large emitter of both primary PM2.5 and secondary PM2.5 precursors. PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using the Calpuff dispersion model. The health impact was expressed in terms of number of non-accidental deaths potentially attributable to the power plant. Results showed that the estimated secondary PM2.5 extended over a larger area than that related to primary PM2.5 with maximum concentration values of the two components well separated in space. Exposure to secondary PM2.5 increased significantly the estimated number of annual attributable non-accidental deaths. Our study indicates that the impact of secondary PM2.5 may be relevant also at local scale and ought to be considered when estimating the impact of industrial emissions on population health.
Indoor Air Quality in Urban and Rural Preschools in Upper Silesia, Poland: Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Mainka Anna , Zajusz-Zubek Elwira
Published: July 2015

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in preschools is an important public health challenge. Particular attention should be paid to younger children, because they are more vulnerable to air pollution than higher grade children and because they spend more time indoors. Among air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of the greatest interest mainly due to its acute and chronic effects on children’s health. In addition, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels indicate ventilation conditions. In this paper, we present the concentrations of PM (PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and total—TSP) and CO2 monitored in four naturally ventilated nursery schools located in the area of Gliwice, Poland. The nursery schools were selected to characterize areas with different degrees of urbanization and traffic densities during the winter season. The results indicate the problem of elevated concentrations of PM inside the examined classrooms, as well as that of high levels of CO2 exceeding 1000 ppm in relation to outdoor air. The characteristics of IAQ were significantly different, both in terms of classroom occupation (younger or older children) and of localization (urban or rural). To evaluate the children’s exposure to poor IAQ, indicators based on air quality guidelines were proposed to rank classrooms according to their hazard on the health of children.
Modeling Obstruction and Restoration of Urban Commutation Networks in the Wake of a Devastating Earthquake in Tokyo
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

In the aftermath of a devastating earthquake, public transportation is presumed paralyzed and thus unavailable; large numbers of people are expected to experience difficulty in commuting. In recent years, implementation of district continuity plans (DCPs) and business continuity plans (BCPs) has become a major concern for local governments and private firms, respectively. In this paper, we propose a pair of simulation models seeking to examine business commutation networks in terms of their possible obstruction and eventual restoration. The first of these model commuting intentions by analyzing individual daily commutes. The second offers a mobility model of commuters’ physical endurance for travel alternatives on foot or by bicycle. Next, we proceed to gauge the number of commuters likely to experience difficulty and adjudge their spatial distribution while taking into account such attributes as gender and employment. Lastly, we attempt to assess rates and patterns in the reduction of commutation constraints based on simulations that assume a restoration of rail infrastructure or its equivalent.
Thermostable Carbonic Anhydrases in Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Di Fiore Anna , Alterio Vincenzo , Monti Simona , De Simone Giuseppina , D'Ambrosio Katia
Published: July 2015

Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in bicarbonate ions and protons. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the utilization of these enzymes in CO2 capture and storage processes. However, since this use is greatly limited by the harsh conditions required in these processes, the employment of thermostable enzymes, both those isolated by thermophilic organisms and those obtained by protein engineering techniques, represents an interesting possibility. In this review we will provide an extensive description of the thermostable carbonic anhydrases so far reported and the main processes in which these enzymes have found an application.
A Circulating MicroRNA Signature as a Biomarker for Prostate Cancer in a High Risk Group
Authors: Kelly Brian , Miller Nicola , Sweeney Karl , Durkan Garrett , Rogers Eamon , Walsh Killian , Kerin Michael
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Mi(cro)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs whose differential expression in tissue has been implicated in the development and progression of many malignancies, including prostate cancer. The discovery of miRNAs in the blood of patients with a variety of malignancies makes them an ideal, novel biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify a unique expression profile of circulating miRNAs in patients with prostate cancer attending a rapid access prostate assessment clinic. Methods: To conduct this study blood and tissue samples were collected from 102 patients (75 with biopsy confirmed cancer and 27 benign samples) following ethical approval and informed consent. These patients were attending a prostate assessment clinic. Samples were reverse-transcribed using stem-loop primers and expression levels of each of 12 candidate miRNAs were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miRNA expression levels were then correlated with clinicopathological data and subsequently analysed using qBasePlus software and Minitab. Results: Circulating miRNAs were detected and quantified in all subjects. The analysis of miRNA mean expression levels revealed that four miRNAs were significantly dysregulated, including let-7a (p = 0.005) which has known tumour suppressor characteristics, along with miR-141 (p = 0.01) which has oncogenic characteristics. In 20 patients undergoing a radical retropubic-prostatectomy, the expression levels of miR-141 returned to normal at day 10 post-operatively. A panel of four miRNAs could be used in combination to detect prostate cancer with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.783 and a PPV of 80%. Conclusion: These findings identify a unique expression profile of miRNA detectable in the blood of prostate cancer patients. This confirms their use as a novel, diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space vs. Frame Estimates
Authors: Jorgensen Palle , Song Myung-Sin
Published: July 2015

We consider conditions on a given system F of vectors in Hilbert space H, forming a frame, which turn H into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. It is assumed that the vectors in F are functions on some set Ω . We then identify conditions on these functions which automatically give H the structure of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space of functions on Ω. We further give an explicit formula for the kernel, and for the corresponding isometric isomorphism. Applications are given to Hilbert spaces associated to families of Gaussian processes.
Bioactive 7-Oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam and 12-Membered Macrolides from a Gorgonian-Derived Cladosporium sp. Fungus
Authors: Cao Fei , Yang Qin , Shao Chang-Lun , Kong Chui-Jian , Zheng Juan-Juan , Liu Yun-Feng , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: July 2015

One new bicyclic lactam, cladosporilactam A (1), and six known 12-membered macrolides (2–7) were isolated from a gorgonian-derived Cladosporium sp. fungus collected from the South China Sea. Their complete structural assignments were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic investigation. Quantum chemistry calculations were used in support of the structural determination of 1. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculation of its optical rotation. Cladosporilactam A (1) was the first example of 7-oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam obtained from a natural source. Compound 1 exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer HeLa cell line with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM.
Red Algae (Rhodophyta) from the Coast of Madagascar: Preliminary Bioactivity Studies and Isolation of Natural Products
Authors: Rahelivao Marie , Gruner Margit , Andriamanantoanina Hanta , Andriamihaja Bakolinirina , Bauer Ingmar , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2015

Several species of red algae (Rhodophyta) from the coastal regions of Madagascar have been investigated for their natural products. The most abundant compound was cholesterol (5) in combination with a series of oxidized congeners. The brominated indoles 1–3 along with the sesquiterpene debilone (4) have been isolated from Laurencia complanata. For the first time, debilone (4) has been obtained from a marine plant. From the methanol extract of Calloseris sp., we have achieved the second isolation of the unusual A-ring contracted steroids (−)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-2β-hydroxy-A-nor-cholest-5-en-4-one (9) and phorbasterone B (10). The crude extracts of Laurencia complanata exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.
Thermal Stability of Nanoporous Raney Gold Catalyst
Authors: Tai Matthew , Gentle Angus , De Silva Kaludewa , Arnold Matthew , Lingen Elma , Cortie Michael
Published: July 2015

Nanoporous “Raney gold” sponge was prepared by de-alloying an Au-Al precursor alloy. Catalytic tests using a micro-reactor confirmed that Raney gold can serve as an active heterogeneous catalyst for CO oxidation, reduction of NO to N2, and oxidation of NO to NO2. In general, the specific surface area of a heterogeneous catalyst has an influence on its catalytic efficacy. Unfortunately, gold sponges coarsen readily, leading to sintering of their structure and reduction in surface area. This potentially places constraints on their upper operating temperature in catalytic reactors. Here we analyzed the behavior of Raney gold when the temperature was raised. We examined the kinetics and mechanism of coarsening of the sponge using a combination of in situ optical measurements and Metropolis Monte Carlo modeling with a Lennard-Jones interatomic potential. Modeling showed that the sponges started with an isotropic “foamy” morphology with negative average “mean curvature” but that subsequent thermally activated coarsening will drive the morphology through a bi-continuous fibrous state and on, eventually, to a sponge consisting of sintered blobs of predominantly positive “mean curvature”.
Effects of Fumed and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on the Properties of Sylgard 184 Polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Liu Junshan , Zong Guoge , He Licheng , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Chong , Wang Liding
Published: July 2015

The effects of silica nanoparticles on the properties of a commonly used Sylgard 184 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in microfluidics were systemically studied. Two kinds of silica nanoparticles, A380 fumed silica nanoparticles and MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles, were individually doped into PDMS, and the properties of PDMS with these two different silica nanoparticles were separately tested and compared. The thermal and mechanical stabilities of PDMS were significantly enhanced, and the swelling characteristics were also improved by doping these two kinds of nanoparticles. However, the transparency of PDMS was decreased due to the light scattering by nanoparticles. By contrast, PDMS/MCM-41 nanocomposites showed a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) owing to the mesoporous structure of MCM-41 nanoparticles, while PDMS/A380 nanocomposites showed a larger elastic modulus and better transparency due to the smaller size of A380 nanoparticles. In addition, A380 and MCM-41 nanoparticles had the similar effects on the swelling characteristics of PDMS. The swelling ratio of PDMS in toluene was decreased to 0.68 when the concentration of nanoparticles was 10 wt %.
Multidimensional Transition Metal Complexes Based on 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic Acid: From Discrete Mononuclear Complexes to Layered Materials
Authors: Liu Bing , Fernandes José , Tomé João , Paz Filipe , Cunha-Silva Luís
Published: July 2015

The synthesis and structural characterization of five transition metal complexes with different dimensionality and incorporating residues of 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid (H2atrc) is reported: [Zn(Hatrc)2(H2O)] (1), [Mn(Hatrc)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (2), [Fe2(Hatrc)4(OH)2]·6H2O (3), [Cd(Hatrc)2(H2O)]n (4), and [Mn(atrc)(H2O)]n·nH2O (5). These materials could be prepared from solution (1–3), diffusion (4), or hydrothermal reactions (5) with various anions and L:M ratios. Structural details were revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The discrete units composing compounds 1–3, the polymeric 1D chain of 4 and the 2D layer of 5 are further extended into 3D supramolecular architectures through the formation of hydrogen bonds.
The Reliability and Validity of the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire for People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Asaad Ghada , Sadegian Maryam , Lau Rita , Xu Yunke , Soria-Contreras Diana , Bell Rhonda , Chan Catherine
Published: July 2015

Nutrition therapy is essential for diabetes treatment, and assessment of dietary intake can be time consuming. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure diabetic patients’ adherence to Canadian diabetes nutrition recommendations. Specific information derived from three, repeated 24-h dietary recalls of 64 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 59.2 ± 9.7 years, was correlated with a total score and individual items of the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ). Test-retest reliability was completed by 27 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 62.8 ± 8.4 years. The correlation coefficients for PDAQ items versus 24-h recalls ranged from 0.46 to 0.11. The intra-class correlation (0.78) was acceptable, indicating good reliability. The results suggest that PDAQ is a valid and reliable measure of diabetes nutrition recommendations. Because it is quick to administer and score, it may be useful as a screening tool in research and as a clinical tool to monitor dietary adherence.
An Update from the Editorial Board of Nutrients
Authors: Buckley Jonathan , Howe Peter
Published: July 2015

The Editorial Board of Nutrients is pleased to announce that the journal impact factor has continued to rise to reach 3.270 in 2015. [...]
Multitemporal Monitoring of the Morphodynamics of a Mid-Mountain Stream Using UAS Photogrammetry
Authors: Miřijovský Jakub , Langhammer Jakub
Published: July 2015

This paper explores the potential of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) for the analysis of variations in the fluvial dynamics of a mid-mountain stream. The UAS photogrammetry was employed to acquire a multitemporal set of high-precision digital terrain models (DTMs) and orthoimages, thereby enabling the reconstruction of variations in riverbed and quantitative analysis of volumetric changes. A hexacopter UAS platform was used for the repeated acquisition of data for the photogrammetric analysis of a stretch of mid-mountain streams with elevated fluvial dynamics. Photogrammetric reconstruction enabled the development of accurate DTMs and orthoimages with spatial resolutions of 2 cm per pixel. These were identified and used to quantitatively assess the segments of channels with active lateral erosion. The UAS-derived data facilitated an analysis of the shifts of stream banks and the calculation of the areal extent of changes and volumetric extent of bank erosion. Comparison of UAS-derived point clouds with aerial LiDAR scanning data demonstrated the high spatial accuracy and precision of the UAS data. The accuracy and high operability of the imaging provide spatial data of a new qualitative level and the potential for the detailed analysis of experimental areas where spatial information is of limited availability.
An Autonomous Star Identification Algorithm Based on One-Dimensional Vector Pattern for Star Sensors
Authors: Luo Liyan , Xu Luping , Zhang Hua
Published: July 2015

In order to enhance the robustness and accelerate the recognition speed of star identification, an autonomous star identification algorithm for star sensors is proposed based on the one-dimensional vector pattern (one_DVP). In the proposed algorithm, the space geometry information of the observed stars is used to form the one-dimensional vector pattern of the observed star. The one-dimensional vector pattern of the same observed star remains unchanged when the stellar image rotates, so the problem of star identification is simplified as the comparison of the two feature vectors. The one-dimensional vector pattern is adopted to build the feature vector of the star pattern, which makes it possible to identify the observed stars robustly. The characteristics of the feature vector and the proposed search strategy for the matching pattern make it possible to achieve the recognition result as quickly as possible. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively accelerate the star identification. Moreover, the recognition accuracy and robustness by the proposed algorithm are better than those by the pyramid algorithm, the modified grid algorithm, and the LPT algorithm. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other three star identification algorithms.
Impact of Data Processing and Antenna Frequency on Spatial Structure Modelling of GPR Data
Authors: De Benedetto Daniela , Quarto Ruggiero , Castrignanò Annamaria , Palumbo Domenico
Published: July 2015

Over the last few years high-resolution geophysical techniques, in particular ground-penetrating radar (GPR), have been used in agricultural applications for assessing soil water content variation in a non-invasive way. However, the wide use of GPR is greatly limited by the data processing complexity. In this paper, a quantitative analysis of GPR data is proposed. The data were collected with 250, 600 and 1600 MHz antennas in a gravelly soil located in south-eastern Italy. The objectives were: (1) to investigate the impact of data processing on radar signals; (2) to select a quick, efficient and error-effective data processing for detecting subsurface features; (3) to examine the response of GPR as a function of operating frequency, by using statistical and geostatistical techniques. Six data processing sequences with an increasing level of complexity were applied. The results showed that the type and range of spatial structures of GPR data did not depend on data processing at a given frequency. It was also evident that the noise tended to decrease with the complexity of processing, then the most error-effective procedure was selected. The results highlight the critical importance of the antenna frequency and of the spatial scale of soil/subsoil processes being investigated.
Ultra Deep Sequencing of a Baculovirus Population Reveals Widespread Genomic Variations
Authors: Chateigner Aurélien , Bézier Annie , Labrousse Carole , Jiolle Davy , Barbe Valérie , Herniou Elisabeth
Published: July 2015

Viruses rely on widespread genetic variation and large population size for adaptation. Large DNA virus populations are thought to harbor little variation though natural populations may be polymorphic. To measure the genetic variation present in a dsDNA virus population, we deep sequenced a natural strain of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. With 124,221X average genome coverage of our 133,926 bp long consensus, we could detect low frequency mutations (0.025%). K-means clustering was used to classify the mutations in four categories according to their frequency in the population. We found 60 high frequency non-synonymous mutations under balancing selection distributed in all functional classes. These mutants could alter viral adaptation dynamics, either through competitive or synergistic processes. Lastly, we developed a technique for the delimitation of large deletions in next generation sequencing data. We found that large deletions occur along the entire viral genome, with hotspots located in homologous repeat regions (hrs). Present in 25.4% of the genomes, these deletion mutants presumably require functional complementation to complete their infection cycle. They might thus have a large impact on the fitness of the baculovirus population. Altogether, we found a wide breadth of genomic variation in the baculovirus population, suggesting it has high adaptive potential.
Modes of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Transmission, Replication and Persistence
Authors: Carpentier Alexandre , Barez Pierre-Yves , Hamaidia Malik , Gazon Hélène , De Brogniez Alix , Perike Srikanth , Gillet Nicolas , Willems Luc
Published: July 2015

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes cancer (Adult T cell Leukemia, ATL) and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases (mainly HTLV-associated myelopathy—tropical spastic paraparesis, HAM/TSP). Since virions are particularly unstable, HTLV-1 transmission primarily occurs by transfer of a cell carrying an integrated provirus. After transcription, the viral genomic RNA undergoes reverse transcription and integration into the chromosomal DNA of a cell from the newly infected host. The virus then replicates by either one of two modes: (i) an infectious cycle by virus budding and infection of new targets and (ii) mitotic division of cells harboring an integrated provirus. HTLV-1 replication initiates a series of mechanisms in the host including antiviral immunity and checkpoint control of cell proliferation. HTLV-1 has elaborated strategies to counteract these defense mechanisms allowing continuous persistence in humans.
Cloned Defective Interfering Influenza RNA and a Possible Pan-Specific Treatment of Respiratory Virus Diseases
Authors: Dimmock Nigel , Easton Andrew
Published: July 2015

Defective interfering (DI) genomes are characterised by their ability to interfere with the replication of the virus from which they were derived, and other genetically compatible viruses. DI genomes are synthesized by nearly all known viruses and represent a vast natural reservoir of antivirals that can potentially be exploited for use in the clinic. This review describes the application of DI virus to protect from virus-associated diseases in vivo using as an example a highly active cloned influenza A DI genome and virus that protects broadly in preclinical trials against different subtypes of influenza A and against non-influenza A respiratory viruses. This influenza A-derived DI genome protects by two totally different mechanisms: molecular interference with influenza A replication and by stimulating innate immunity that acts against non-influenza A viruses. The review considers what is needed to develop DI genomes to the point of entry into clinical trials.
Twinning in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows: Proportion Carried to Term and Calf Sex Ratios
Authors: Cockcroft Peter , Sorrell Emma
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion of twins carried to term and the sex ratio of twin calves at birth in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle kept on commercial farms in Devon and Cornwall, England. Ten farms were used in the study. Fifty four cows with twin pregnancies were identified using trans-rectal ultra-sonographic examination between 30 and 70 days of gestation. The farm records were subsequently used to derive the number of calves born. Farm records of 66 additional sets of twin births with the sex of the calves recorded were also identified. Of the 54 cows diagnosed with twin pregnancies, 16 cows (29.6%) aborted or absorbed both fetuses, 11 cows (20.4%) carried one calf to term and 27 cows (50%) carried both calves to term. In the calf sex analysis of the additional 66 sets of twins: 13♂♂ calves (19.7%), 18 ♀♀ calves (27.3%) and 35 ♂♀ calves (53.0%). There was no statistically significant difference from an expected ratio of 1♂♂:2♂♀:1♀♀ (p = 0.61). This study provides bench marks for the expected abortion/absorption rates following the early ultra-sonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancies in comparable populations and supports earlier observations that the expected sex ratio for twinning approximates to1♂♂:2♂♀:1♀♀.
La jeunesse de Charles le Téméraire d'après les comptes de la cour de Bourgogne
Authors: Sommé Monique
Published: July 2015

Karel van Charolais heeft zijn jeugd doorgebracht in een grote familiale groep bestaande uit zijn talrijke neven en nichten van de takken van Nevers, van Kleef en Bourbon, daarna ook van Portugal, die door Philips de Goede aan zijn hof opgevoed werden en door huwelijken verenigd. De boe- ken van de algemene inkomsten en de dagelijkse rekeningen laten toe de samenstelling van zijn huis, mannen en vrouwen, hun loon en de stabiliteit van de betrekking te kennen.

Karel werd geboren te Dijon, waar hij met zijn moeder tot 1435 woonde, dan volgde hij haar naar het noorden. Op de jaren 1440-1446 na, toen hij in Brussel resideerde met zijnjonge echtgenote Catherina van Frankrijk, kende hij het reizende bestaan van zijn ouders in de voornaamste residen- ties van de Nederlanden.
L'Allemagne vaincue à travers la presse du Nord (1945-1947)
Authors: Lhote Sylvie
Published: July 2015

De pers van de departementen Nord en Pas-de-Calais heeft drie grote objectieven : het Duitse volk veroordelen voor de schuld die het draagt fysisch of psychisch, een duurzame vermindering eisen van de Germaanse macht door bezetting en territoriale verdeling, oproepen tot een voldoening gevende regeling van het lot van Duitsland, daar de tijdelijke oplossingen niet leefbaar bleken. De kranten nemen zeer gelijkaardige standpunten in, op Liberté na, dat een ideologische optiek heeft. Zij drukken de ingeboren vrees van Frankrijk uit voor Duitsland en leggen zich maar moeizaam neer bij het Marshallplan dat de heropleving van de Westerse économie beoogt en geven dan hun Duitse politiek op die steunde op een «juiste» appreciatie van het Duitse gevaar.
La recherche archéologique dans le Ternois
Authors: Acquart Jean-Alain
Published: July 2015

Depuis ces dernières années, le Cercle Historique du Ternois a enrichi les connaissances archéologiques que l'on avait sur cette région située en Picardie et Flandre, Boulonnais et Bas- Artois. Dans le domaine préhistorique, les trouvailles en surface du Néolithique sont nombreuses ; une étude des sites en place mériterait d'être menée. Pour la période gallo-romaine, des fouilles ont permis de situer une villa à Fiefs (non loin du carrefour d'Hurtebise), une autre à Herlin-le-Sec ; à cette dernière, d'époque flavienne, doit être rattachée la découverte d'un aqueduc souterrain venant corriger l'idée d'une inoccupation du site par manque d'eau. Des ramassages systématiques importants, à Rollancourt et sur 5 autres sites, permettent d'affirmer une occupation gallo-romaine plus importante que les derniers travaux ne le laissaient supposer. Il est à remarquer que la localisation de ces ensembles se trouve souvent à la jonction de plusieurs territoires communaux (exemple Rollancourt, Auchy-les-Hesdin, Vieil-Hesdin) et que le toponyme de « Templier, Temple, Templerie » a donné sur le terrain la confirmation d'une présence gallo-romaine. Quant au Ternois médiéval, la fouille du cimetière mérovingien de Magnicourt-en-Comté (210 tombes, à ce jour) permet une information plus complète sur les rites funéraires fin VIe et VIIe siècle, datation principale donnée par l'étude du mobilier. Enfin, la prospection des mottes seigneuriales, l'aide apportée à l'établissement de leur classement (comme celle de Lisbourg) figurent aussi dans les objectifs du Cercle Historique du Ternois.
L'église Saint-Michel de Flines-les-Râches (Nord)
Authors: Barbieux J.
Published: July 2015

L'église Saint-Michel de Flines-les-Râches est un édifice complexe qui résulte d'agrandissements successifs. Chaque morceau de ce « manteau d'arlequin » est ainsi le témoin d'une époque architecturale. Après avoir décrit chacune de ces parties, on tente de retracer l'évolution de cette église.

1er état : plan basilical à trois nefs — vers le XIe siècle, 2e état : ajout d'un clocher — XIe et XIIe siècles, 3e état : croisillon sud et porche — fin XIIIe ou XIVe siècle, 4e état : chœur et chapelle nord — fin XVe, début XVIe siècle,

5e état : bas-côté sud-ouest 1561. La dernière grande phase d'agrandissement date de 1851.
In Defense of Privative Ambiguity
Authors: Horn Laurence R.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 141-156
On Belauan Islands: A Study in Agreement Morphology
Authors: Georgopoulos Carol
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 76-86
A Semantic Basis for the Choice of Complement Clause Types in Chamorro
Authors: Cooreman Ann
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 572-582
Fall-Rise Intonation and the Place of Intonational ‘Meaning’ in Linguistic Theory
Authors: Hirschberg Julia , Ward Gregory
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 447-458
Syllable Weight in Some Australian Languages
Authors: Davis Stuart
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 398-407
Syllable Weight, Sloppy Phonemes, and Channels in Pirahã Discourse
Authors: Everett Daniel L.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 408-416
Independent Verbs and Auxiliary Functions in Newari
Authors: Hargreaves David
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 401-412
Sex and the Question: Terminal Contours of Responses by Men and Women
Authors: Garcia Cheryl Ramsey
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 124-134
The Development of the Indirect Passive in English
Authors: Thornburg Linda
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 261-270
Analogical Leveling and Child Morphology: The Case of the Irish Dependent
Authors: Moder Carol Lynn , Noonan Michael
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 192-201
Atomic Phonology and Vowel Reduction
Authors: Keel William D.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 116-122
Language Typology and the Segmentation Problem in Early Child Language Acquisition
Authors: Peters Ann M.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 236-248
The Historical Development of the Akha Evidentials System
Authors: Thurgood Graham
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 295-302
A Note on Raising in Indo-European
Authors: Holland Gary B.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
How to Cause in Mixtec
Authors: Hinton Leanne
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Ingush Transitivization and Detransitivization
Authors: Nichols Johanna
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Stressed o in American English Borrowings from Spanish
Authors: Reed David W.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
The Leader Verb as a Mechanism of Morphological Change
Authors: Allen Andrew S.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Performatives as Indexicals: Resolving the Performadox
Authors: Walsh Cynthia , Chametzky Robert
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1983), pp. 266-280
Smash Bang
Authors: Richardson John F.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1983), pp. 211-222
Quantifier Scope Ambiguity and Definiteness
Authors: Croft William
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1983), pp. 25-36
Samaná English: A Dialect That Time Forgot
Authors: DeBose Charles E.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1983), pp. 47-53
ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION IN FINANCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS IN PERSPECTIVE 2020
Authors: GULC Aleksandra
Published: July 2015

The aim of this article is to present the role of smart specialization concept in the process of providing funds for regional development. The systematic literature review was conducted in order to identify the role of smart specialisation concept in the process of providing funds for regional development. The methodology followed for the literature review included two main phases: selection and analysis. The article presents: (i) the idea of smart specialisation, (ii) characteristics of the areas of specialisation in the European Union, (iii) the creation of smart specialization strategies in the regions, (iv) the role of smart specialization in financing the development of regions, (v) examples of methodological approaches to identify smart specialisation at the regional level. The research examines the relationship between smart specialisation and process of providing funds for regional development.
IDENTIFICATION OF PREFERRED SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR UNDERTAKING STUDIES IN THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AT POZNAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Authors: WYRWICKA Magdalena K. , MRUGALSKA Beata
Published: July 2015

Since 2010 a survey has been conducted among first-year students about sources of information which influence the decision of undertaking field studies in Safety Engineering, Management Engineering and Logistics in the Faculty of Engineering Management at Poznan University of Technology. The goal of these analyses is both to assess the effectiveness of promotion and also show trends in the use of diverse channels of information transfer of studies. The results of the investigation show that internet promotion via university and faculty website plays the dominant role but also direct promotion, such as opinion of older friends, is crucial. Furthermore, from year to year the analyses indicate the significant increase of official media and reveal that the prospective students rely on a few sources of information simultaneously.
BENCHMARKING IN UNIVERSITY TOOLBOX
Authors: KUŹMICZ Katarzyna Anna
Published: July 2015

In the face of global competition and rising challenges that higher education institutions (HEIs) meet, it is imperative to increase innovativeness and efficiency of their management. Benchmarking can be the appropriate tool to search for a point of reference necessary to assess institution’s competitive position and learn from the best in order to improve. The primary purpose of the paper is to present in-depth analysis of benchmarking application in HEIs worldwide. The study involves indicating premises of using benchmarking in HEIs. It also contains detailed examination of types, approaches and scope of benchmarking initiatives. The thorough insight of benchmarking applications enabled developing classification of benchmarking undertakings in HEIs. The paper includes review of the most recent benchmarking projects and relating them to the classification according to the elaborated criteria (geographical range, scope, type of data, subject, support and continuity). The presented examples were chosen in order to exemplify different approaches to benchmarking in higher education setting. The study was performed on the basis of the published reports from benchmarking projects, scientific literature and the experience of the author from the active participation in benchmarking projects. The paper concludes with recommendations for university managers undertaking benchmarking, derived on the basis of the conducted analysis.
THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIONS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRY OF CROATIA (ISTRIAN COUNTY CASE)
Authors: ŠKARE Marinko , BIBERIĆ Sanja
Published: July 2015

This paper studies the influence of technology transfers on the development of innovations in the process industry in Croatia (Istrian County case). The technological regime identifies characteristics of the learning processes, sources of knowledge and the nature of knowledge bases linked to the innovative process in the company happening as part of production activities. The research supports Schumpeter’s standpoint in his theory of creative destruction. When a new and more efficient design for the production of a commodity is created, the enterprise that first starts using the new design conquer a part of its competitors’ market. The competition reacts either by introducing the same design or one even newer or completely loses the market, as this is the case in the process industry in Croatia.
The Alps: A physical geography, political, and program framework
Authors: Nared Janez , Razpotnik Visković Nika , Komac Blaž
Published: July 2015

In order to improve the understanding of the concepts featured in this special issue of Acta geographica Slovenica, this review article presents the Alps as a geographical concept, the Alpine Convention, and the Alpine Space transnational cooperation program. All three categories have a different spatial scope and thus must be clearly defined and distinguished from one another.
Pedro Bosch Gimpera
Authors: Fernández-Posse de Arnaiz M.ª Dolores
Published: July 2015

Este artículo presenta un perfil intelectual de Pedro Bosch Gimpera. Revisa su formación académica, el ambiente social e intelectual en el que se desarrolló, su papel en la institucionalización de la arqueología catalana, su perspectiva teórica y su influencia a largo plazo incluso tras su exilio.
¿Por qué la arqueología oculta la importancia de la comunidad?
Authors: Hernando Almudena
Published: July 2015

La arqueología y la etnoarqueología están contribuyendo a legitimar la deriva social que está experimentando nuestra sociedad, pues hasta ahora han formado parte del ‘régimen de verdad’ (en términos de Foucault) del orden capitalista. Comenzaron considerando a los ‘otros’ del pasado (y del presente) como inferiores a los europeos, para valorarles después como supuestos iguales. Sin embargo, en ninguno de esos casos, reconocían el derecho a su diferencia, ni por tanto, la igualdad de sus derechos. Esto sucede porque nuestra sociedad no reconoce que la pertenencia a una comunidad y los vínculos humanos, ambos vectores claves de la identidad de esos ‘otros’, constituyen la base de la seguridad ontológica en nuestra propia sociedad. La Arqueología debe prestar atención a la evidencia de las dinámicas comunitarias procedentes del pasado no sólo con el fin de entender sus procesos culturales, sino también para dejar de legitimar el deshumanizado orden social que estamos construyendo en el presente.