bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modal Rendition of ENSO Diversity
Authors: Chattopadhyay Rajib , Dixit Shivsai Ajit , Goswami B. N.
Published: September 2019

The El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) ‘diversity’ has been considered as a major factor limiting its predictability, a critical need for disaster mitigation associated with the trademark climatic swings of the ENSO. Improving climate models for ENSO forecasts relies on deeper understanding of the ENSO diversity but currently at a nascent stage. Here, we show that the ENSO diversity thought previously as ‘complex,’ arises largely as varied contributions from three leading modes of the ENSO to a given event. The ENSO ‘slow manifold’ can be fully described by three leading predictable modes, a quasi-quadrennial mode (QQD), a quasi-biennial (QB) mode and a decadal modulation of the quasi-biennial (DQB). The modal description of ENSO provides a framework for understanding the predictability of and global teleconnections with the ENSO. We further demonstrate it to be a useful framework for understanding biases of climate models in simulating and predicting the ENSO. Therefore, skillful prediction of all shades of ENSO depends critically on the coupled models’ ability to simulate the three modes with fidelity, providing basis for optimism for future of ENSO forecasts.
Ultra-fast direct growth of metallic micro- and nano-structures by focused ion beam irradiation
Authors: Córdoba Rosa , Orús Pablo , Strohauer Stefan , Torres Teobaldo E. , De Teresa José María
Published: October 2019

An ultra-fast method to directly grow metallic micro- and nano-structures is introduced. It relies on a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and a condensed layer of suitable precursor material formed on the substrate under cryogenic conditions. The technique implies cooling the substrate below the condensation temperature of the gaseous precursor material, subsequently irradiating with ions according to the wanted pattern, and posteriorly heating the substrate above the condensation temperature. Here, using W(CO)6 as the precursor material, a Ga+ FIB, and a substrate temperature of −100 °C, W-C metallic layers and nanowires with resolution down to 38 nm have been grown by Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition (Cryo-FIBID). The most important advantages of Cryo-FIBID are the fast growth rate (about 600 times higher than conventional FIBID with the precursor material in gas phase) and the low ion irradiation dose required (∼50 μC/cm2), which gives rise to very low Ga concentrations in the grown material and in the substrate (≤0.2%). Electrical measurements indicate that W-C layers and nanowires grown by Cryo-FIBID exhibit metallic resistivity. These features pave the way for the use of Cryo-FIBID in various applications in micro- and nano-lithography such as circuit editing, photomask repair, hard masks, and the growth of nanowires and contacts. As a proof of concept, we show the use of Cryo-FIBID to grow metallic contacts on a Pt-C nanowire and investigate its transport properties. The contacts have been grown in less than one minute, which is considerably faster than the time needed to grow the same contacts with conventional FIBID, around 10 hours.
Inhibition of Kirsten-Ras reduces fibrosis and protects against renal dysfunction in a mouse model of chronic folic acid nephropathy
Authors: Newbury Lucy J. , Wang Jui-Hui , Hung Gene , Hendry Bruce M. , Sharpe Claire C.
Published: September 2019

Chronic Kidney Disease is a growing problem across the world and can lead to end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Fibrosis is the underlying mechanism that leads to organ dysfunction, but as yet we have no therapeutics that can influence this process. Ras monomeric GTPases are master regulators that direct many of the cytokines known to drive fibrosis to downstream effector cascades. We have previously shown that K-Ras is a key isoform that drives fibrosis in the kidney. Here we demonstrate that K-Ras expression and activation are increased in rodent models of CKD. By knocking down expression of K-Ras using antisense oligonucleotides in a mouse model of chronic folic acid nephropathy we can reduce fibrosis by 50% and prevent the loss of renal function over 3 months. In addition, we have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that reduction of K-Ras expression is associated with a reduction in Jag1 expression; we hypothesise this is the mechanism by which targeting K-Ras has therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, targeting K-Ras expression with antisense oligonucleotides in a mouse model of CKD prevents fibrosis and protects against renal dysfunction.
Barometric-pumping controls fugitive gas emissions from a vadose zone natural gas release
Authors: Forde Olenka N. , Cahill Aaron G. , Beckie Roger D. , Mayer K. Ulrich
Published: October 2019

Subsurface natural gas release from leaking oil and gas wells is a major environmental concern. Gas migration can cause aquifer contamination, explosive conditions in soil gas, and greenhouse gas emissions. Gas migration is controlled by complex interacting processes, thus constraining the distribution and magnitude of “fugitive gas” emissions remains a challenge. We simulated wellbore leakage in the vadose zone through a controlled release experiment and demonstrate that fugitive gas emissions can be directly influenced by barometric pressure changes. Decreases in barometric-pressure led to surface gas breakthroughs (>20-fold increase in <24 hours), even in the presence of low-permeability surficial soils. Current monitoring strategies do not consider the effect of barometric pressure changes on gas migration and may not provide adequate estimates of fugitive gas emissions. Frequent or continuous monitoring is needed to accurately detect and quantify fugitive gas emissions at oil and gas sites with a deep water table.
Transcriptomic comparison between beetle strains selected for short and long durations of death feigning
Authors: Uchiyama Hironobu , Sasaki Ken , Hinosawa Shogo , Tanaka Keisuke , Matsumura Kentarou , Yajima Shunsuke , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: September 2019

The molecular basis of death feigning, an antipredator behavior that has received much attention recently, was analyzed. We compared the gene expression profiles of strains with different behaviors, i.e., different durations of death feigning, in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Beetles artificially selected for short (S) and long (L) durations of death feigning for many generations were compared thoroughly by RNA sequencing. We identified 518 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the strains. The strains also showed divergence in unexpected gene expression regions. As expected from previous physiological studies, genes associated with the metabolic pathways of tyrosine, a precursor of dopamine, were differentially expressed between the S and L strains; these enzyme-encoding genes were expressed at higher levels in the L strain than in the S strain. We also found that several genes associated with insulin signaling were expressed at higher levels in the S strain than in the L strain. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of Tchpd (encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, Hpd) and Tcnat (encoding N-acetyltransferase, Nat) were significantly higher in the L strain than in the S strain, suggesting the influence of these enzymes on the supply of dopamine and duration of death feigning.
Ipsilateral S2 nerve root transfer to pudendal nerve for restoration of external anal and urethral sphincter function: an anatomical study
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhou Zhi-bin , Shen Di , Chen Ai-min
Published: September 2019

Patients suffer bilateral sacral plexus injuries experience severe problems with incontinence. We performed a cadaveric study to explore the anatomical feasibility of transferring ipsilateral S2 nerve root combined with a sural nerve graft to pudendal nerve for restoration of external anal and urethral sphincter function. The sacral nerve roots and pudendal nerve roots on the right side were exposed in 10 cadavers. The length from S2 nerve root origin to pudendal nerve at inferior border of piriformis was measured. The sural nerve was used as nerve graft. The diameters and nerve cross-sectional areas of S2 nerve root, pudendal nerve and sural nerve were measured and calculated, so as the number of myelinated axons of three nerves on each cadaver specimen. The length from S2 nerve root to pudendal nerve was 10.69 ± 1.67 cm. The cross-sectional areas of the three nerves were 8.57 ± 3.03 mm2 for S2, 7.02 ± 2.04 mm2 for pudendal nerve and 6.33 ± 1.61 mm2 for sural nerve. The pudendal nerve contained approximately the same number of axons (5708 ± 1143) as the sural nerve (5607 ± 1305), which was a bit less than that of the S2 nerve root (6005 ± 1479). The S2 nerve root in combination with a sural nerve graft is surgically feasible to transfer to the pudendal nerve for return of external urethral and anal sphincter function, and may be suitable for clinical application in patients suffering from incontinence following sacral plexus injuries.
Characterization of the Long Terminal Repeat of the Endogenous Retrovirus-derived microRNAs in the Olive Flounder
Authors: Lee Hee-Eun , Jo Ara , Im Jennifer , Cha Hee-Jae , Kim Woo-Jin , Kim Hyun Hee , Kim Dong-Soo , Kim Won , Yang Tae-Jin , Kim Heui-Soo
Published: September 2019

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been identified at different copy numbers in various organisms. The long terminal repeat (LTR) element of an ERV has the capacity to exert regulatory influence as both a promoter and enhancer of cellular genes. Here, we describe olive flounder (OF)-ERV9, derived from chromosome 9 of the olive flounder. OF-ERV9-LTR provide binding sites for various transcription factors and showed enhancer activity. The OF-ERV9-LTR demonstrates high sequence similarity with the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of various genes that also contain seed sequences (TGTTTTG) that bind the LTR-derived microRNA(miRNA), OF-miRNA-307. Additionally, OF-miRNA-307 collaborates with transcription factors located in OF-ERV9-LTR to regulate gene expression. Taken together, our data facilitates a greater understanding of the molecular function of OF-ERV families and suggests that OF-miRNA-307 may act as a super-enhancer miRNA regulating gene activity.
Identification of Indian Spiders through DNA barcoding: Cryptic species and species complex
Authors: Tyagi Kaomud , Kumar Vikas , Kundu Shantanu , Pakrashi Avas , Prasad Priya , Caleb John T. D. , Chandra Kailash
Published: October 2019

Spiders are mega diverse arthropods and play an important role in the ecosystem. Identification of this group is challenging due to their cryptic behavior, sexual dimorphism, and unavailability of taxonomic keys for juveniles. To overcome these obstacles, DNA barcoding plays a pivotal role in spider identification throughout the globe. This study is the first large scale attempt on DNA barcoding of spiders from India with 101 morphospecies of 72 genera under 21 families, including five endemic species and holotypes of three species. A total of 489 barcodes was generated and analyzed, among them 85 novel barcodes of 22 morphospecies were contributed to the global database. The estimated delimitation threshold of the Indian spiders was 2.6% to 3.7% K2P corrected pairwise distance. The multiple species delimitation methods (BIN, ABGD, GMYC and PTP) revealed a total of 107 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) for 101 morphospecies. We detected more than one MOTU in 11 morphospecies with discrepancies in genetic distances and tree topologies. Cryptic diversity was detected inPardosa pusiola,Cyclosa spirifera, andHeteropoda venatoria. The intraspecies distances which were as large as our proposed delimitation threshold were observed inPardosa sumatrana,Thiania bhamoensis, andCheiracanthium triviale. Further, shallow genetic distances were detected inCyrtophora cicatrosa,Hersilia savignyi,Argiope versicolor,Phintella vittata, andOxyopes birmanicus. Two morphologically distinguished species (Plexippus paykulliandPlexippus petersi) showed intra-individual variation within their DNA barcode data. Additionally, we reinstate the original combination forLinyphia sikkimensisbased on both morphology and DNA barcoding. These data show that DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for specimen identification and species discovery of Indian spiders.
Short Stature is Associated with Increased Risk of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Oh Na-Kyung , Song Yun-Mi , Kim Shin-Hye , Park Mi Jung
Published: October 2019

Adults with short stature have been previously reported to have increased risk of cardiovascular events and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. We aimed to assess the association between height and lipid profiles among Korean adolescents and adults. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2015, from 37,889 individuals (aged 12–59 years). In adolescents, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had profound associations with height in both boys and girls, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had an inverse association with height only in boys. Height was inversely associated with TC, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C concentrations in men and women and positively correlated with HDL-C concentration in women. In boys, the odds ratios (ORs) for hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were higher for shorter subjects (ORs = 2.38~7.01), while only the OR of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia was significantly higher in girls with short stature (OR = 3.12). In adults, the ORs for hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were significantly higher in short subjects than in tall subjects after controlling for covariates (ORs = 1.50~2.61). Also, short men showed significantly higher ORs for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.85) than tall men. Short stature was significantly associated with adverse lipid profiles in both adolescents and adults.
A bizarre Eocene dasyatoid batomorph (Elasmobranchii, Myliobatiformes) from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Italy) reveals a new, extinct body plan for stingrays
Authors: Marramà Giuseppe , Carnevale Giorgio , Giusberti Luca , Naylor Gavin J. P. , Kriwet Jürgen
Published: October 2019

In the last few years, the detailed revision of the Eocene cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Italy) has provided new insights into the fish biodiversity of the western Tethys. The morphological analysis of three previously undescribed specimens from the Pesciara deposit of Bolca revealed the existence of a new stingray taxon, †Lessiniabatis aenigmatica gen. et sp. nov., which is unique among the myliobatiform batoids in having the following unique combination of characters: low number of vertebrae posterior to the pelvic girdle (65–68); thoracolumbar synarcual extending backward beyond the pelvic girdle; tail extremely short not protruding from the posterior edge of the pectoral disc; radials proximally fused to each other; pelvic girdle extremely small and strongly arched; dorsal and caudal fins absent; tail stings and cartilaginous tail rod absent; and teeth of dasyatoid morphology with smooth enameloid surface. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that †Lessiniabatis gen. nov. is deeply nested within the benthic stingrays (Dasyatoidea) representing the sister to all dasyatids and potamotrygonids. Its unique anatomy clearly reveals the existence of a new hitherto unknown body plan experimented by benthic stingrays, whose evolution can be possibly linked to the adaptive fish radiation in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction.
Non-toxic printed supercapacitors operating in sub-zero conditions
Authors: Railanmaa Anna , Lehtimäki Suvi , Keskinen Jari , Lupo Donald
Published: October 2019

Aqueous supercapacitors offer a safe alternative for intermediate energy storage in energy harvesting applications, but their performance is limited to relatively warm temperatures. We report the performance of glycerol as a non-toxic anti-freeze for a water-based electrolyte from room temperature to −30 °C at various concentrations. The supercapacitors are manufactured with graphite and activated carbon as current collector and electrode on a flexible polyester (PET) substrate by stencil printing, with a sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. The devices are characterized at various constant temperatures for electrical performance, as well as in room temperature for mass loss and development of performance over time. It is shown that supercapacitors with glycerol function well in the decreased temperatures compared to water: the capacitance experiences only a slight decrease and the leakage current is significantly reduced. The equivalent series resistance is affected the most by the reduced temperatures, and should be considered the primary limiting factor in low-temperature applications. Electrolytes with 30–40% glycerol perform the best in commercial freezer temperatures, but below −20 °C a higher concentration of 45% glycerol retains better function. The results show great promise for a non-toxic alternative for improving the temperature range of printed supercapacitors.
Distinct patterns of natural selection determine sub-population structure in the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Singh Jugpreet , Khan Awais
Published: September 2019

The fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora (EA), causes significant economic losses in rosaceae fruit crops. Recent genome sequencing efforts have explored genetic variation, population structure, and virulence levels in EA strains. However, the genomic aspects of population bottlenecks and selection pressure from geographical isolation, host range, and management practices are yet unexplored. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of whole genome sequences of 41 strains to study genetic diversity, population structure, and the nature of selection affecting sub-population differentiation in EA. We detected 72,741 SNPs and 2,500 Indels, representing about six-fold more diversity than previous reports. Moreover, nonsynonymous substitutions were identified across the effector regions, suggesting a role in defining virulence of specific strains. EA plasmids had more diversity than the chromosome sequence. Population structure analysis identified three distinct sub-groups in EA strains, with North American strains displaying highest genetic diversity. A five kilobase genomic window scan showed differences in genomic diversity and selection pressure between these three sub-groups. This analysis also highlighted the role of purifying and balancing selection in shaping EA genome structure. Our analysis provides novel insights into the genomic diversity and selection forces accompanying EA population differentiation.
Characterization of Cardiometabolic Risks in Different Combination of Anthropometric Parameters and Percentage Body Fat
Authors: Chen Yuan-Yuei , Fang Wen-Hui , Wang Chung-Ching , Kao Tung-Wei , Chang Yaw-Wen , Yang Hui-Fang , Wu Chen-Jung , Sun Yu-Shan , Chen Wei-Liang
Published: October 2019

The prevalence of obesity was increasing and became a growing problem worldwide. Obesity increased the risk of developing metabolic abnormalities and was associated adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to examine the associations among different combinations of obesity phenotypes (high body mass index > 27 kg/m2 (O), high waist circumference (male > 90 cm, female > 80 cm) (W), fatty liver (F) and percentage body fat in top 40% (P)) and cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), metabolic syndrome (MetS)). A total of 48426 eligible subjects were categorized based on the different definitions. After adjusting for all covariables, participants with O + F + P combination were more likely associated with the presence of DM. Participants with O + W combination were more associated with the presence of HTN than others. Participants with O + W + F + P had higher risk for the presence of MetS than others. The study addressed the associations between different obesity phenotypes and DM and HTN in the adult population. Better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlined individual vulnerability and progression of cardiometabolic insults.
IL-12 signaling drives the differentiation and function of a TH1-derived TFH1-like cell population
Authors: Powell Michael D. , Read Kaitlin A. , Sreekumar Bharath K. , Jones Devin M. , Oestreich Kenneth J.
Published: September 2019

CD4+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells provide help to B cells and promote antibody-mediated immune responses. Increasing evidence supports the existence of TFH populations that secrete cytokines typically associated with the effector functions of other CD4+ T cell subsets. These include T helper 1 (TH1)-biased TFH (TFH1) cells that have recognized roles in both immune responses to pathogens and also the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Given their apparent importance to human health, there is interest in understanding the mechanisms that regulate TFH1 cell formation and function. However, their origin and the molecular requirements for their differentiation are unclear. Here, we describe a population of murine TH1-derived, TFH1-like cells that express the chemokine receptor Cxcr3 and produce both the TH1 cytokine interferon-γ and the TFH-associated cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21). Furthermore, these TFH1-like cells promote B cell activation and antibody production at levels indistinguishable from conventional IL-6-derived TFH-like cells. Regarding their regulatory requirements, we find that IL-12 signaling is necessary for the differentiation and function of this TFH1-like cell population. Specifically, IL-12-dependent activation of STAT4, and unexpectedly STAT3, promotes increased expression of IL-21 and the TFH lineage-defining transcription factor Bcl-6 in TFH1-like cells. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the potential origin and differentiation requirements of TFH1 cells.
Diversity, Co-occurrence and Implications of Fungal Communities in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Assress Hailemariam Abrha , Selvarajan Ramganesh , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Ntushelo Khayalethu , Mamba Bhekie B. , Msagati Titus A. M.
Published: October 2019

Three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Gauteng province in South Africa were investigated to determine the diversity, co-occurrence and implications of their fungal communities using illumina sequencing platform and network analysis. Phylogenetic taxonomy revealed that members of the fungal communities were assigned to 6 phyla and 361 genera. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla, dominated by the genera Naumovozyma, Pseudotomentella, Derxomyces, Ophiocordyceps, Pulchromyces and Paecilomyces. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of fungal OTUs related to class lineages such as Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes indicating new fungal diversity in WWTPs. Dominant and rare fungal genera that can potentially be used in bioremediation such as Trichoderma, Acremonium, Talaromyces, Paecilomyces, cladophialophora and Saccharomyces were detected. Conversely, genera whose members are known to be pathogenic to human and plant such as Olpidium, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Penicillium, Candida, Synchytrium, Phyllosticta and Mucor were also detected in all WWTPs. Phylotype analysis confirmed that some fungal phylotypes were highly similar to the reported fungal pathogens of concern. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the fungal genera such as Minimedusa, Glomus, Circinella, Coltricia, Caloplaca, Phylosticta, Peziza, Candida, and Hydnobolites were the major networking hub in the WWTPs. The overall results in this study highlighted that WWTPs represent a potential source of beneficial fungi for bioremediation of pollutants in the ecosystem and the need to consider human and plant fungal pathogens during safety evaluation of treated wastewater for reuse.
Heat wave Intensity Duration Frequency Curve: A Multivariate Approach for Hazard and Attribution Analysis
Authors: Mazdiyasni Omid , Sadegh Mojtaba , Chiang Felicia , AghaKouchak Amir
Published: October 2019

Atmospheric warming is projected to intensify heat wave events, as quantified by multiple descriptors, including intensity, duration, and frequency. While most studies investigate one feature at a time, heat wave characteristics are often interdependent and ignoring the relationships between them can lead to substantial biases in frequency (hazard) analyses. We propose a multivariate approach to construct heat wave intensity, duration, frequency (HIDF) curves, which enables the concurrent analysis of all heat wave properties. Here we show how HIDF curves can be used in various locations to quantitatively describe the likelihood of heat waves with different intensities and durations. We then employ HIDF curves to attribute changes in heat waves to anthropogenic warming by comparing GCM simulations with and without anthropogenic emissions. For example, in Los Angeles, CA, HIDF analysis shows that we can attribute the 21% increase in the likelihood of a four-day heat wave (temperature > 31 °C) to anthropogenic emissions.
Unveiling the hidden genetic diversity and chloroplast type of marine benthic ciliate Mesodinium species
Authors: Kim Miran , Park Myung Gil
Published: October 2019

Ciliate Mesodinium species are commonly distributed in diverse aquatic systems worldwide. Among Mesodinium species, M. rubrum is closely associated with microbial food webs and red tide formation and is known to acquire chloroplasts from its cryptophyte prey for use in photosynthesis. For these reasons, Mesodinium has long received much attention in terms of ecophysiology and chloroplast evolution. Mesodinium cells are easily identifiable from other organisms owing to their unique morphology comprising two hemispheres, but a clear distinction among species is difficult under a microscope. Recent taxonomic studies of Mesodinium have been conducted largely in parallel with molecular sequence analysis, and the results have shown that the best-known planktonic M. rubrum in fact comprises eight genetic clades of a M. rubrum/M. major complex. However, unlike the planktonic Mesodinium species, little is known of the genetic diversity of benthic Mesodinium species, and to our knowledge, the present study is the first to explore this. A total of ten genetic clades, including two clades composed of M. chamaeleon and M. coatsi, were found in marine sandy sediments, eight of which were clades newly discovered through this study. We report the updated phylogenetic relationship within the genus Mesodinium comprising heterotrophic/mixotrophic as well as planktonic/benthic species. Furthermore, we unveiled the wide variety of chloroplasts of benthic Mesodinium, which were related to the green cryptophyte Chroomonas/Hemiselmis and the red cryptophyte Rhodomonas/Storeatula/Teleaulax groups.
Scribble co-operatively binds multiple α1D-adrenergic receptor C-terminal PDZ ligands
Authors: Janezic Eric M. , Harris Dorathy-Ann , Dinh Diana , Lee Kyung-Soon , Stewart Aaron , Hinds Thomas R. , Hsu Peter L. , Zheng Ning , Hague Chris
Published: October 2019

Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organized as dynamic macromolecular complexes in human cells. Unraveling the structural determinants of unique GPCR complexes may identify unique protein:protein interfaces to be exploited for drug development. We previously reported α1D-adrenergic receptors (α1D-ARs) – key regulators of cardiovascular and central nervous system function – form homodimeric, modular PDZ protein complexes with cell-type specificity. Towards mapping α1D-AR complex architecture, biolayer interferometry (BLI) revealed the α1D-AR C-terminal PDZ ligand selectively binds the PDZ protein scribble (SCRIB) with >8x higher affinity than known interactors syntrophin, CASK and DLG1. Complementary in situ and in vitro assays revealed SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 to be high affinity α1D-AR PDZ ligand interaction sites. SNAP-GST pull-down assays demonstrate SCRIB binds multiple α1D-AR PDZ ligands via a co-operative mechanism. Structure-function analyses pinpoint R1110PDZ4 as a unique, critical residue dictating SCRIB:α1D-AR binding specificity. The crystal structure of SCRIB PDZ4 R1110G predicts spatial shifts in the SCRIB PDZ4 carboxylate binding loop dictate α1D-AR binding specificity. Thus, the findings herein identify SCRIB PDZ domains 1 and 4 as high affinity α1D-AR interaction sites, and potential drug targets to treat diseases associated with aberrant α1D-AR signaling.
Mitigation of radiation-induced gastro-intestinal injury by the polyphenolic acetate 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin in mice
Authors: Venkateswaran Kavya , Shrivastava Anju , Agrawala Paban K. , Prasad Ashok K. , Devi Sagolsem Chandrika , Manda Kailash , Parmar Virinder S. , Dwarakanath Bilikere S.
Published: October 2019

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) constitutes a crucial clinical element of acute radiation syndrome with life-threatening implications posing challenges in devising effective medical countermeasures. Herein, we report the potential of 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylthiocoumarin (DAMTC) to mitigate RIII following total-body irradiation (TBI) in C57BL/6 mice and underlying mechanisms. Administration of DAMTC 24 hours post TBI facilitated structural reconstitution and restoration of functional absorption linked to alleviation of radiation-induced apoptotic death of intestinal crypt progenitor/stem (ICPS) and villus stromal cells through induction of Bcl-2 family-mediated anti-apoptotic signalling. Reduction in TBI-induced DNA damage accumulation coupled with inhibition of cell cycle arrest through stimulation of anti-p53- and anti-p21-dependent synergistic signalling protected ICPS cells from radiation injury. Enhanced proliferation of crypt stem cells, induction of anti-oxidant defence, subjugation of TBI-induced lipid peroxidation and phenotypic polarization of intestinal macrophages to anti-inflammatory M2 class underlie amelioration of RIII. Stimulation of multiple mitigative signalling processes by DAMTC appeared to be associated with enhanced protein acetylation, an important regulator of cellular responses to radiation damage. Our findings establish the mitigative potential of DAMTC against RIII by hyper-acetylation-mediated epigenetic regulation, which triggers axes of anti-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways, enabling proliferation and maintenance of ICPS cells leading to epithelial regeneration.
Perspectives on the prediction of catastrophic slope failures from satellite InSAR
Authors: Carlà Tommaso , Intrieri Emanuele , Raspini Federico , Bardi Federica , Farina Paolo , Ferretti Alessandro , Colombo Davide , Novali Fabrizio , Casagli Nicola
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate the potential of satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to identify precursors to catastrophic slope failures. To date, early-warning has mostly relied on the availability of detailed, high-frequency data from sensors installed in situ. The same purpose could not be chased through spaceborne monitoring applications, as these could not yield information acquired in sufficiently systematic fashion. Here we present three sets of Sentinel-1 constellation images processed by means of multi-interferometric analysis. We detect clear trends of accelerating displacement prior to the catastrophic failure of three large slopes of very different nature: an open-pit mine slope, a natural rock slope in alpine terrain, and a tailings dam embankment. We determine that these events could have been located several days or weeks in advance. The results highlight that satellite InSAR may now be used to support decision making and enhance predictive ability for this type of hazard.
Publisher Correction: Heart beat but not respiration is the main driving force of the systemic venous return in the Fontan circulation
Authors: Gabbert Dominik Daniel , Hart Christopher , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Wegner Philip , Salehi Ravesh Mona , Voges Inga , Kristo Ines , Bulushi Abdullah A. L. , Scheewe Jens , Kheradvar Arash , Kramer Hans-Heiner , Rickers Carsten
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Towards scaling Twitter for digital epidemiology of birth defects
Authors: Klein Ari Z. , Sarker Abeed , Weissenbacher Davy , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela
Published: October 2019

Social media has recently been used to identify and study a small cohort of Twitter users whose pregnancies with birth defect outcomes—the leading cause of infant mortality—could be observed via their publicly available tweets. In this study, we exploit social media on a larger scale by developing natural language processing (NLP) methods to automatically detect, among thousands of users, a cohort of mothers reporting that their child has a birth defect. We used 22,999 annotated tweets to train and evaluate supervised machine learning algorithms—feature-engineered and deep learning-based classifiers—that automatically distinguish tweets referring to the user’s pregnancy outcome from tweets that merely mention birth defects. Because 90% of the tweets merely mention birth defects, we experimented with under-sampling and over-sampling approaches to address this class imbalance. An SVM classifier achieved the best performance for the two positive classes: an F1-score of 0.65 for the “defect” class and 0.51 for the “possible defect” class. We deployed the classifier on 20,457 unlabeled tweets that mention birth defects, which helped identify 542 additional users for potential inclusion in our cohort. Contributions of this study include (1) NLP methods for automatically detecting tweets by users reporting their birth defect outcomes, (2) findings that an SVM classifier can outperform a deep neural network-based classifier for highly imbalanced social media data, (3) evidence that automatic classification can be used to identify additional users for potential inclusion in our cohort, and (4) a publicly available corpus for training and evaluating supervised machine learning algorithms.
Synthesis of well-defined yttrium-based Lewis acids by capturing a reaction intermediate and catalytic application for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Sodpiban Ounjit , Del Gobbo Silvano , Barman Samir , Aomchad Vatcharaporn , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Ould-Chikh Samy , Poater Albert , D'Elia Valerio , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: September 2019

Single-site yttrium complexes were prepared by immobilization of an intermediate of cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides and applied in catalysis.
Understanding the antifouling mechanisms related to copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in anaerobic membrane bioreactors
Authors: Cheng Hong , Guan Qingtian , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Peinemann Klaus-Viktor , Pain Arnab , Hong Pei-Ying
Published: September 2019

CuO and ZnO nanoparticles offer a low-cost, safe and effective way to mitigate membrane biofouling without disseminating resistance genes.
Catalytic trends of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Gíslason Pétur Már , Skúlason Egill
Published: September 2019

Catalytic trends of the ORR are explored on a range of armchair, zig-zag and chiral N-CNTs using DFT calculations.
A mild and quantitative route towards well-defined strong anionic/hydrophobic diblock copolymers: synthesis and aqueous self-assembly
Authors: Hofman Anton H. , Fokkink Remco , Kamperman Marleen
Published: September 2019

Well-defined hydrophobic/strong anionic diblock copolymers were synthesized through a protected hydrophobic intermediate. Their self-assembly in aqueous solution was subsequently studied.
High mobility at the interface of the cocrystallized sandwich-type tetrapyrrole metal compound and fullerene layers
Authors: Wang Chiming , Qi Dongdong , Lu Guang , Wang Hailong , Chen Yanli , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: September 2019

Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices fabricated based on mixed-(phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) yttrium(iii) and fullerene cocrystals represent one of the most excellent cocrystal ambipolar OFET devices reported thus far.
Nitrogenous cyclonerane sesquiterpenes from an algicolous strain of Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Song Yin-Ping , Miao Feng-Ping , Yin Xiu-Li , Ji Nai-Yun
Published: September 2019

Eight new nitrogenous cyclonerance derivatives (1–8) including two unprecedented hydroxamic acids (1 and 2) with potent algicidal activity were characterized from the algicolous fungus Trichoderma asperellum.
A multicomponent, facile and catalyst-free microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of pyrazolo-[3,4-b]-quinolines under green conditions
Authors: Robert Khumalo Mandlenkosi , Maddila Surya Narayana , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: October 2019

A facile, swift and ecofriendly microwave-assisted multi-component/one-pot protocol is designed for the synthesis of novel pyrazolo-[3,4-b]-quinolines at ambient temperature in aqueous ethanol as a reaction medium.
Preparation of CdTe superparticles for white light-emitting diodes without Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Zou Haoyang , Wang Deli , Gong Baijuan , Liu Yi
Published: October 2019

CdTe superparticles are used as the color conversion materials for the fabrication of WLEDs without FRET.
A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Akato Kokouvi M. , Nguyen Ngoc A. , Rajan Kalavathy , Harper David P. , Naskar Amit K.
Published: October 2019

This study reports a path for recycling polyester along with biorefinery coproduct, lignin, to make sustainable high-performance thermoplastic materials.
Copper-catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl pyrazoles
Authors: Lu Jiaqing , Man Yuning , Zhang Yabin , Lin Bo , Lin Qi , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: October 2019

A copper-catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl pyrazoles via cycloaddition of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene with N-arylsydnones has been developed.
Site- and degree-specific C–H oxidation on 5-methylcytosine homologues for probing active DNA demethylation
Authors: Kavoosi Sam , Sudhamalla Babu , Dey Debasis , Shriver Kirsten , Arora Simran , Sappa Sushma , Islam Kabirul
Published: September 2019

Activity of TET, AID and TDG enzymes in the DNA demethylation pathway was controlled using stereoelectronically constrained 5-methylcytosine homologues to generate conditionally stable DNA modification.
Hybrid photoanodes for water oxidation combining a molecular photosensitizer with a metal oxide oxygen-evolving catalyst
Authors: Collomb Marie-Noëlle , Morales Daniela V. , Astudillo Catalina N. , Dautreppe Baptiste , Fortage Jérôme
Published: October 2019

Hybrid photoanodes for water oxidation, using an n-semiconductor photosensitized by a molecular dye associated with an inorganic catalyst, are overviewed.
Biomimetic preparation of a polycaprolactone membrane with a hierarchical structure as a highly efficient oil–water separator
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zhao Jie , Ma Liang , Shi Xuejuan , Li Lili
Published: October 2019

A biomimetic superhydrophobic polycaprolactone membrane with a hierarchical structure was fabricated for highly efficient oil–water separation.
Unraveling the Na-ion storage performance of a vertically aligned interlayer-expanded two-dimensional MoS2@C@MoS2 heterostructure
Authors: Veerasubramani Ganesh Kumar , Park Myung-Soo , Nagaraju Goli , Kim Dong-Won
Published: October 2019

Vertically-aligned interlayer-expanded MoS2@C@MoS2 can be a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries with good cycling performance.
Green-solvent-processable strategies for achieving large-scale manufacture of organic photovoltaics
Authors: Ma Zongwen , Zhao Biao , Gong Yongshuai , Deng Jianping , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: October 2019

This review introduces three green-solvent-processable strategies for realizing large-scale manufacture of organic photovoltaics.
Hyperconjugation-induced chromism in linear responsive polymers
Authors: Choi Yeol Kyo , Lee Sang Yup , Ahn Dong June
Published: October 2019

Nature underlying optical and spectroscopic responses in polydiacetylene, a conjugated polymer showing a blue-to-red transition is explored by first principle calculation and molecular dynamic simulation for its thermochromic reversibility.
Boosting the intrinsic carrier mobility of two-dimensional pnictogen nanosheets by 1000 times via hydrogenation
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Zhang Tingting , Di Xiaona , Chen Guibin
Published: October 2019

Hydrogenation boosts carrier mobilities in 2D pnictogens by more than 1000 times.
Gate-tunable ion–electron hybrid phototransistor based on a graphene/RbAg4I5 composite
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Yin Jun , Hu Qianqian , Lv Bocheng , Zhu Jia-Lin , Ma Wanyun , Dong Zhanmin , Zhang Wei , Sun Jialin
Published: October 2019

A phototransistor based on a composite of single-layer graphene and superconductor RbAg4I5 realizes linear modulation of the binding energy between electrons and silver ions, resulting in a two order of magnitude increase of photo-response.
Nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film devices: from optoelectronics and ionics to iontronics
Authors: Hai Zhenyin , Wei Zihan , Xue Chenyang , Xu Hongyan , Verpoort Francis
Published: October 2019

Recent progress of nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film devices is reviewed from optoelectronics and ionics to iontronics with their development trends, challenges, and opportunities analyzed and proposed.
Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to z ∼ 1
Authors: Díaz-García L. A. , Cenarro A. J. , López-Sanjuan C. , Ferreras I. , Cerviño M. , Fernández-Soto A. , González Delgado R. M. , Márquez I. , Pović M. , San Roman I. , Viironen K. , Moles M. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , López-Comazzi A. , Alfaro E. , Aparicio-Villegas T. , Benítez N. , Broadhurst T. , Cabrera-Caño J. , Castander F. J. , Cepa J. , Husillos C. , Infante L. , Aguerri J. A. L. , Martínez V. J. , Masegosa J. , Molino A. , del Olmo A. , Perea J. , Prada F. , Quintana J. M.
Published: September 2019

Aims.Our aim is to determine the distribution of stellar population parameters (extinction, age, metallicity, and star formation rates) of quiescent galaxies within the rest-frame stellar mass–colour diagrams andUVJcolour–colour diagrams corrected for extinction up toz ∼ 1. These novel diagrams reduce the contamination in samples of quiescent galaxies owing to dust-reddened galaxies, and they provide useful constraints on stellar population parameters only using rest-frame colours and/or stellar mass.

Methods.We set constraints on the stellar population parameters of quiescent galaxies combining the ALHAMBRA multi-filter photo-spectra with our fitting code for spectral energy distribution, MUlti-Filter FITting (MUFFIT), making use of composite stellar population models based on two independent sets of simple stellar population (SSP) models. The extinction obtained by MUFFIT allowed us to remove dusty star-forming (DSF) galaxies from the sample of redUVJgalaxies. The distributions of stellar population parameters across these rest-frame diagrams are revealed after the dust correction and are fitted by LOESS, a bi-dimensional and locally weighted regression method, to reduce uncertainty effects.

Results.Quiescent galaxy samples defined via classicalUVJdiagrams are typically contaminated by a ∼20% fraction of DSF galaxies. A significant part of the galaxies in the green valley are actually obscured star-forming galaxies (∼30–65%). Consequently, the transition of galaxies from the blue cloud to the red sequence, and hence the related mechanisms for quenching, seems to be much more efficient and faster than previously reported. The rest-frame stellar mass–colour andUVJcolour–colour diagrams are useful for constraining the age, metallicity, extinction, and star formation rate of quiescent galaxies by only their redshift, rest-frame colours, and/or stellar mass. Dust correction plays an important role in understanding how quiescent galaxies are distributed in these diagrams and is key to performing a pure selection of quiescent galaxies via intrinsic colours.
J-PLUS: Synthetic galaxy catalogues with emission lines for photometric surveys
Authors: Izquierdo-Villalba David , Angulo Raul E. , Orsi Alvaro , Hurier Guillaume , Vilella-Rojo Gonzalo , Bonoli Silvia , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Alcaniz Jailson , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Dupke Renato , Ederoclite Alessandro , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Moles Mariano , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Sodré Laerte , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor
Published: September 2019

We present a synthetic galaxy lightcone specially designed for narrow-band optical photometric surveys. To reduce time-discreteness effects, unlike previous works, we directly include the lightcone construction in theL-Galaxiessemi-analytic model applied to the subhalo merger trees of theMillenniumsimulation. Additionally, we add a model for the nebular emission in star-forming regions, which is crucial for correctly predicting the narrow- and medium-band photometry of galaxies. Specifically, we consider, individually for each galaxy, the contribution of 9 different lines: Lyα(1216 Å), Hβ(4861 Å), Hα(6563 Å), [O II] (3727 Å, 3729 Å), [O III] (4959 Å, 5007 Å), [Ne III] (3870 Å), [O I] (6300 Å), [N II] (6548 Å, 6583 Å), and [S II] (6717 Å, 6731 Å). We validate our lightcone by comparing galaxy number counts, angular clustering, and Hα, Hβ, [O II], and [O III]5007luminosity functions to a compilation of observations. As an application of our mock lightcones, we generated catalogues tailored for J-PLUS, a large optical galaxy survey featuring five broad-band and seven medium-band filters. We study the ability of the survey to correctly identify, with a simple three-filter method, a population of emission-line galaxies at various redshifts. We show that the 4000 Å break in the spectral energy distribution of galaxies can be misidentified as line emission. However, all significant excess (> 0.4 mag) can be correctly and unambiguously attributed to emission-line galaxies. Our catalogues are publicly released to facilitate their use in interpreting narrow-band surveys and in quantifying the impact of line emission in broad-band photometry.
Le démantèlement, partenariats pour l’export
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: October 2019

Avec aujourd’hui 169 réacteurs à l’arrêt dans le monde, le marché du démantèlement est estimé à 200 milliards d’euros d’ici 2050. Pour offrir un service de démantèlement complet, les différents acteurs s’organisent afin de remporter des contrats dans le monde entier. Zoom sur les stratégies d’EDF et d’Orano DS (Démantèlement et Services) qui exportent leurs compétences.
Aktuelle Behandlungsmethoden bei Verbrennungen der
Hände
Authors: Menke Henrik , Pierson Thomas , Parodi Corrado
Published: October 2019

Thermische Verletzungen im Bereich der Hände gehören zu den häufigsten
Verletzungen. Auch weisen die meisten Patienten mit ausgedehnten Verbrennungen
eine Beteiligung der Hände auf. Der Wiederherstellung dieser Körperregion kommt
aufgrund vielfältiger Aufgaben in Form, Funktion und Ästhetik eine herausragende
Bedeutung zu. Die dargestellten aktuellen Behandlungskonzepte der letzten Jahre
sind geprägt von einer Reduzierung der Invasivität, vermehrter Selektivität der
Nekrektomie und einer Förderung der natürlichen Regeneration mit
anatomiegerechter Rekonstruktion bzw. Restitution.