bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eupelmidae de Iberia y las Islas Canarias: Check list comentada de las especies, incluyendo la descripción de una nueva especie de Calosota Curtis, 1836 y de los machos previamente no reconocidos de algunas especies
Authors: Askew R. R. , Nieves-Aldrey J. L.
Published: November 2017

Se presenta un listado taxonómico comentado de las ochenta y cuatro especies de Eupelmidae que se conocen de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, incluyendo nuevos datos de distribución y de especies hospedadoras. Se describe una nueva especie de Calosota, C. carmenae Askew & Nieves-Aldrey sp. n. Se describen también los machos, hasta ahora no reconocidos, de cuatro especies: Calosota bolivari Askew, 2006, C. nitens Askew, 2006, Anastatus oscari (Ruthe, 1859) and A. uromeni Ferrière, 1968. Neanastatus africanus Ferrière, 1938, Eupelmus confusus Al khatib, 2015, E. gemellus Al khatib, 2015, E. kiefferi De Stefani, 1898, E. martellii Masi, 1941 y E. stramineipes Nikol’skaya, 1951 se incorporan al listado de Eupelmidae de España, mientras que E. fulvipes Förster, 1860 se elimina de dicha lista.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A0A4215E-6718-4185-9C08-CFD22F51A2BD
Reos de muerte y caridad cristiana
Authors: Calonge García Francisco Ángel
Published: December 2017

Estudio sobre la cofradía de Nuestra Señora de la Piedad de la ciudad de Soria en la asistencia a los penados y condenados en esta ciudad, en los siglos XVI y XVII.
Cosas que ocurrieron en la parroquia de Villafranca (Navarra) en los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Marcellán José Antonio
Published: December 2017

Vida de una pequeña parroquia navarra durante los dos primeros siglos de la Edad Moderna, que sirve de ejercicio de microhistoria para conocer la vida cotidiana de estos siglos en una comunidad rural del Antiguo Régimen.
Literatura bíblica del Siglo de Oro en un seminario de la Ilustración
Authors: Mateo Ripoll Verónica
Published: December 2017

Por el sistema de estudios implantado en el Seminario de San Miguel de Orihuela, se reflexiona sobre la utilización de los estudios bíblicos y de las obras religiosas de la Edad Moderna para la formación del clero en la época de la Ilustración.
La prensa católica: la Verdad de Murcia (1903-1988)
Authors: Arroyo M.ª del Socorro
Published: December 2017

Análisis de la evolución de la prensa católica en Murcia por medio del periódico La Verdad a lo largo de sus 80 años de existencia.
El «contrainforme Onaindía»
Authors: Martínez Sanz José Luis
Published: December 2017

Transcripción y estudio del informe realizado por Alberto Onaindía y Zuloaga para intentar justificar que un partido católico, como el PNV, defendiera el Frente Popular, texto consensuado con las autoridades nacionalistas que fue remitido al papa Pío XI al principio de la Guerra Civil.
Actitudes religiosas y provincianismo. Literatura alicantina en el Sexenio Democrático
Authors: Mira Abad Alicia
Published: December 2017

Revisión de la literatura alicantina del Sexenio, estableciendo las propuestas de renovación y regeneracionismo de la Institución eclesiástica, centrándose en los artículos de prensa de todo tipo que se publican en esos años.
Le contrôle du corps des femmes à travers l’histoire. Essai de mise en perspective de la question de la santé sexuelle et reproductive des femmes dans le monde arabe
Authors: Bessis Sophie
Published: November 2017

Le contrôle du corps des femmes est aussi ancien que la domination masculine elle-même, tout entière tournée vers un objectif central, le contrôle de la maternité. Ce contrôle s’exerce selon des modalités particulières dans les différentes civilisations mais a toujours pour but de maîtriser la sexualité féminine de manière à assurer la fonction reproductive au profit du groupe des mâles. Les pratiques coutumières des sociétés les plus diversifiées se sont attachées à codifier les modalités du contrôle. Quant aux religions, en particulier les trois religions monothéistes mais pas seulement, elles ont servi à sacraliser les processus de domination à travers lesquels s’exerce le contrôle patriarcal. Religions et coutumes étroitement mêlées, l’une renforçant les autres, ont ainsi édifié des appareils normatifs de domination. C’est ainsi qu’elles légifèrent toutes sur le corps des femmes, enfermant ce dernier dans un corset d’obligations et d’interdits. La valorisation symbolique de la fonction maternelle et la démonisation de la féminité font partie de cet appareil de contrainte. Ce corset a été contraint de céder (plus ou moins) dans les sociétés sécularisées et en voie de sécularisation où les interdits religieux ont été progressivement déconnectés de la loi positive. Tandis qu’en Europe, les avancées ont été proportionnelles aux processus de sécularisation, les interdits résistent dans le monde arabe vue la lenteur de ces processus et les régressions qui ont pu les affecter. On passera en revue la multiplicité des injonctions religieuses à la procréation et des interdits frappant l’autonomie reproductive et sexuelle des femmes. On s’attardera davantage sur leur permanence en contexte arabo-musulman, pour montrer que la sécularisation des lois et des pratiques sociales est une condition nécessaire au plein exercice des droits sexuels des femmes, même si elle ne suffit pas à assurer à elle seule cette libération.
L’émergence d’une sexualité juvénile hors mariage chez les jeunes de Sidi Ifni (Maroc)
Authors: Boufraioua Leila
Published: November 2017

Chez les jeunes de Sidi Ifni, les mentalités évoluent et modifient progressivement les modes d’entrée à l’âge adulte, dans la mesure où les mariages précoces disparaissent et l’allongement des études offre à la jeunesse un temps libre de maturation en dehors de la sphère conjugale. L’accès au statut d’adulte se fait donc au prix d’une longue période d’attente, période au cours de laquelle les Ifnaouis explorent les relations affectives, dès le collège ou le lycée. Les fréquentations amoureuses constituent pour eux aujourd’hui une nouvelle étape, permettant de comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de l’allongement du célibat et l’essor des relations sexuelles hors mariage. En effet, selon notre enquête, 50 % des hommes qui se sont mariés entre 20 et 24 ans ont déclaré avoir eu une sexualité prémaritale avec leur future épouse. Dans ce contexte, la sexualité hors mariage est souvent associée à l’idée de fonder à terme une famille avec son partenaire. Cette conception est aussi partagée par les femmes, puisqu’un quart des jeunes femmes mariées, de la classe d’âge des 30-35 ans, affirment avoir débuté leur vie sexuelle avec leur fiancé bien avant leur mariage. Ainsi, malgré les interdits moraux, les fréquentations amoureuses se banalisent et l’influence du monde extérieur remet en cause l’éducation puritaine. Ainsi, ces jeunes sont de plus en plus nombreux à transgresser les lois de la morale sociale, et l’école devient le lieu où garçons et filles s’initient aux relations amoureuses et ouvrent la voie à une sexualité hors mariage. À Sidi Ifni, ces évolutions socioculturelles ont profondément ébranlé les structures familiales patriarcales, l’institution matrimoniale et les rapports de genre.
Sexualité préconjugale, souillure et reconstruction de soi. Les adolescentes au prisme d’une politique du corps féminin en Tunisie
Authors: Sellami Meryem
Published: November 2017

À travers un parcours de recherche ethnographique entamé depuis plus d’une dizaine d’années sur le corps des femmes en Tunisie, cet article propose de rendre compte de la manière dont l’impératif de contrôler la sexualité de celles-ci se trouve au cœur d’une politique du corps visant exclusivement à gouverner le genre féminin. Cette politique s’articule notamment autour de la perpétuation de la norme virginale pour les femmes. Une norme sociale, qui peut faire l’objet de critique et de contournement de la part des filles et des garçons aujourd’hui en Tunisie, mais qui reste symboliquement efficace et maintient la « valence différentielle des sexes » (Héritier, 1996). La sexualité féminine prénuptiale, si elle est tolérée dans les interstices du social, demeure hautement culpabilisante et source de honte pour les filles. Le maintien de la culpabilité constitue l’assise centrale de l’hiérarchie sexuelle ainsi qu’une source de souffrance éventuelle pour les jeunes femmes. Le terrain réalisé auprès des adolescentes qui se coupent ou se font vomir appuie cette hypothèse et reflète des manières singulières de faire face aux inégalités de genre en matière de sexualité, notamment à travers le recours au sacré.
La santé sexuelle et reproductive en Tunisie. Institutions médicales, lois et itinéraires thérapeutiques des femmes après la révolution
Authors: Maffi Irene , Affes Malika
Published: November 2017

Dans cet article, écrit sous forme d’entretien, Malika Affes, sage-femme responsable d’une unité de planning familial à l’hôpital La Rabta de Tunis, et Irene Maffi, anthropologue, dialoguent autour de la santé sexuelle et reproductive en Tunisie. Résultat d’une collaboration durée 10 mois entre les deux auteures, l’entretien aborde des thématiques différentes qui touchent les institutions sanitaires en charge de la santé sexuelle et reproductive, les lois qui garantissent l’accès aux services dans ce domaine, les itinéraires thérapeutiques des femmes et les attitudes des professionnels de santé. En particulier, sont discutés les représentations locales du corps féminin, les profils socio-économiques des femmes qui s’adressent aux cliniques publiques de santé sexuelle et reproductive, la connaissance des lois chez les patientes et les professionnels de la santé, l’application des droits sexuels et reproductifs en Tunisie, les effets de la révolution de 2011 et de la crise économique sur le fonctionnement des services sanitaires publics, l’implication des hommes dans les pratiques sexuelles et reproductives.
Les femmes et l’accès aux soins de santé reproductive au Maroc
Authors: Zaouaq Karim
Published: November 2017

Cet article se propose d’étudier la question de l’accès des femmes aux soins de santé reproductive au Maroc, en s’appuyant sur la littérature existante ainsi que sur les enquêtes de terrain, les études, les entretiens directs ou semi-directs et les observations réalisées sur ce sujet. Ce travail met en exergue les obstacles limitant l’accessibilité de ces dernières aux structures de soins de santé appropriées, notamment ceux d’ordre spatial, économique, social, éducatif et culturel.
Luttes contre le sida et luttes LGBT au Maroc. Notes exploratoires sur les enjeux d’une imbrication
Authors: Gouyon Marien , Musso Sandrine
Published: November 2017

Cet article est une note exploratoire portant sur l’imbrication entre les luttes pour les droits homosexuels et la lutte contre le sida au Maroc. Sandrine Musso et Marien Gouyon reviennent sur leurs terrains respectifs afin de faire émerger les enjeux d’une telle imbrication dans un contexte où l’homosexualité est punie par la loi. Dans un premier temps, l’émergence de la lutte contre le sida est retracée puis celle des droits pour l’homosexualité, afin de penser les répercussions de l’une sur l’autre. Les usages sociaux de la catégorie « HSH » dans le champ de la prévention et les singularités marocaines dans ce domaine éclairent les formes de subjectivités et de citoyennetés qui émergent d’un entrecroisement souterrain de luttes a priori disjointes dans l’espace public.
Metalanguaging Matters
Authors: Laursen Helle Pia , Daugaard Line Møller , Ladegaard Uffe , Østergaard Winnie , Orluf Birgit , Wulff Lone
Published: November 2017

In this article, the authors build on empirical data from the ongoing longitudinal research project Signs of language (2008 – 2018) to examine how multilingual children in a primary school setting use metalinguistic resources linked to several written languages. Grounded in social semiotics and drawing on newer social perspectives on metalanguage, the authors focus on a researcher-generated activity designed to invite the children to reflect on language and literacy. In two particular interactions, they explore how the children “engage with the meta” by navigating between different languages and sign systems, and how their use of metalinguistic resources in a referential sense is inextricably linked to a dialogically formed and performative negotiation of social identity and social relations. Thus, adopting a metalanguaging perspective, this article demonstrates how metalinguistic statements about language are closely interwoven with an ongoing production and negotiation of the communicative situation.
An Empirical Analysis of Shandong Power Grid Operational Efficiency Based on DEA-Malmquist
Authors: Zhu Liqing , Zhan Xueli
Published: November 2017

This article intends to use China State Grid Corp's business performance evaluation system to study the Shandong Electric Power Group Corp's power grid operation efficiency. And through analyzing the operational efficiency of each decision unit by DEA, we analyze the adjustment direction of the input and output on the angle of horizontal, vertical and internal analysis, find the investment shortage, and put forward some improvement measures. From the changes of the input and output efficiency in the last 15 years, the changing trends of the total factor productivities is found, and the successful experience of the high efficiency is obtained with the specific background.
Information Security and Virtual Teams
Authors: Hart Penny
Published: November 2017

This article contends that there are two increasingly important phenomena for organisations: the existence of virtual teams and the realisation that information needs to be protected more effectively. On-line communication methods expose organisations to issues regarding security of their ICT infrastructure, systems and data. At the same time, making possible virtual teams able to be unconstrained in purpose, time or location. While security measures are built into the teams' communication channels and processes, the perceptions, practices and organizational background of team members are equally important to the security of information being exchanged. A socio-technical approach is called for when investigating different perceptions of information security by individual team members, how they negotiate a common understanding for the team and what complexities and practices are introduced in multi-organisation teams. The article sets out issues which may need to be considered and proposes a course of research to increase understanding of the situation.
Perceptions of Family Members, Nurses, and Physicians on Involving Patients’ Families in Delirium Prevention
Authors: Smithburger Pamela L. , Korenoski Amanda S. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. , Alexander Sheila A.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Delirium occurs in up to 80% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Nonpharmacologic delirium-prevention strategies, which are commonly used by the bedside nurse, have reduced the incidence and duration of delirium in patients in the intensive care unit. With increasing demands on the nurse, strategies such as including the patient’s family in delirium prevention activities should be investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine opinions and willingness of health care providers to involve patients’ families in nonpharmacologic delirium-prevention activities in the intensive care unit, and of patients’ families to be involved.

METHODS

Two surveys, one for intensive care unit nurses and physicians and one for patients’ families, were developed and administered. The provider survey focused on current delirium-prevention practices and opinions about family involvement. The family survey concentrated on barriers and willingness to participate in prevention activities.

RESULTS

Sixty nurses and 58 physicians completed the survey. Most physicians (93%) and all nurses believed families could assist with delirium prevention. Only 50% reported speaking with family members about delirium and delirium prevention. The family survey was completed by 60 family members; 38% reported a provider spoke with them about delirium. Family members reported high levels of comfort in participating in delirium-prevention activities.

CONCLUSIONS

Health care providers and family members are supportive of the latter performing delirium-prevention activities. Family of patients in the intensive care unit may work collaboratively with nurses to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium in these patients.
Effects of different rearing temperatures on muscle development and stress response in the early larval stages of Acipenser baerii
Authors: Aidos Lucia , Pinheiro Valente Luisa M. , Sousa Vera , Lanfranchi Marco , Domeneghini Cinzia , Di Giancamillo Alessia
Published: November 2017

The present study aims at investigating muscle development and stress response in early stages of Siberian sturgeon when subjected to different rearing temperatures, by analysing growth and development of the muscle and by assessing the stress response of yolk-sac larvae. Siberian sturgeon larvae were reared at 16°C, 19°C and 22°C until the yolk-sac was completely absorbed. Sampling timepoints were: hatching, schooling and complete yolk-sac absorption stage. Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in order to characterize muscle growth (total muscle area, TMA; slow muscle area, SMA; fast muscle area, FMA), development (anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen -PCNA or anticaspase) as well as stress conditions by specific stress biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 or 90, HSP70 or HSP90). Larvae subjected to the highest water temperature showed a faster yolk-sac absorption. Histometry revealed that both TMA and FMA were larger in the schooling stage at 19°C while no differences were observed in the SMA at any of the tested rearing temperatures. PCNA quantification revealed a significantly higher number of proliferating cells in the yolk-sac absorption phase at 22°C than at 16°C. HSP90 immunopositivity seems to be particularly evident at 19°C. HPS70 immunopositivity was never observed in the developing lateral muscle.
Algoritmo y noticia de datos como el futuro del periodismo transmediaimagético
Authors: Renó Denis , Renó Luciana
Published: November 2017

Actualmente, son necesarios los estudios en comunicación y especialmente el periodismo, incluso como un desafío. Esto se justifica por el dinamismo del ecosistema mediático contemporáneo, que corresponde a los medios de comunicación, las tecnologías emergentes y las sociedades, participando cada vez más en los procesos de comunicación. De hecho, estas transformaciones han cambiado no sólo los procesos sino también las composiciones de los grupos profesionales, que trabajan en la construcción de noticias contemporáneas, ahora en múltiples lenguajes y diseñadas para dispositivos previamente adoptados, como teléfonos móviles y tabletas. Al igual que el periodismo de datos, que considera el fenómeno de los grandes datos e información disponible en la nube, a pesar de no destacarse tan importante cuando disfrazado entre contenidos. La participación creciente de profesionales de las ciencias y la ingeniería se explica para trabajar con estos archivos y escenarios binarios, llevando a pensar en la selección, la limpieza, la comprensión y construir el espacio público a partir de conceptos digitales de multiplataforma. En este estudio, se adoptaron algunos procedimientos metodológicos que incluyen la investigación bibliográfica, como investigación fundamental para entender el proceso de evolución y práctica del periodismo que comprende los datos fundamentales para desarrollar la propuesta planteada inicialmente. Con la conclusión de este estudio, podemos entender el Periodismo Transmedia como un lenguaje perfecto para desarrollar contenidos basados ​​en Big Data, Algoritmos para un periodismo de datos actual. Esta es la propuesta que se ofrece en el documento.
Evaluating the Origin Intensity Factor in the Singular Boundary Method for Three-Dimensional Dirichlet Problems
Authors: Sun Linlin , Chen Wen , Cheng Alexander H.-D.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a new formulation is proposed to evaluate the origin intensity factors (OIFs) in the singular boundary method (SBM) for solving 3D potential problems with Dirichlet boundary condition. The SBM is a strong-form boundary discretization collocation technique and is mathematically simple, easy-to-program, and free of mesh. The crucial step in the implementation of the SBM is to determine the OIFs which isolate the singularities of the fundamental solutions. Traditionally, the inverse interpolation technique (IIT) is adopted to calculate the OIFs on Dirichlet boundary, which is time consuming for large-scale simulation. In recent years, the new methodology has been developed to efficiently calculate the OIFs on Neumann boundary, but the Dirichlet problem remains an open issue. This study employs the subtracting and adding-back technique based on the integration of the fundamental solution over the whole boundary to develop a new formulation of the OIFs on 3D Dirichlet boundary. Several problems with varied domain shapes and boundary conditions are carried out to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme in comparison with the SBM based on inverse interpolation technique, the method of fundamental solutions, and the boundary element method.
Novel Conformal Structure-Preserving Algorithms for Coupled Damped Nonlinear Schrödinger System
Authors: Fu Hao , Zhou Weien , Qian Xu , Song Songhe
Published: November 2017

This paper introduces two novel conformal structure-preserving algorithms for solving the coupled damped nonlinear Schrödinger (CDNLS) system, which are based on the conformal multi-symplectic Hamiltonian formulation and its conformal conservation laws. The proposed algorithms can preserve corresponding conformal multi-symplectic conservation law and conformal momentum conservation law in any local time-space region, respectively. Moreover, it is further shown that the algorithms admit the conformal charge conservation law, and exactly preserve the dissipation rate of charge under appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the conformal properties and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms during long-time numerical simulations and validate the analysis.
Numerical Optimization and Noise Analysis of High-Tip-Speed Wind Turbine
Authors: Wang Long , Chen Guoping , Wang Tongguang , Cao Jiufa
Published: November 2017

With lower turbulence and less rigorous restrictions on noise levels, offshore wind farms provide favourable conditions for the development of high-tip-speed wind turbines. In this study, the multi-objective optimization is presented for a 5MW wind turbine design and the effects of high tip speed on power output, cost and noise are analysed. In order to improve the convergence and efficiency of optimization, a novel type of gradient-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed based on uniform decomposition and differential evolution. Optimization examples of the wind turbines indicate that the new algorithm can obtain uniformly distributed optimal solutions and this algorithm outperforms the conventional evolutionary algorithms in convergence and optimization efficiency. For the 5MW wind turbines designed, increasing the tip speed can greatly reduce the cost of energy (COE). When the tip speed increases from 80m/s to 100m/s, under the same annual energy production, the COE decreases by 3.2% in a class I wind farm and by 5.1% in a class III one, respectively, while the sound pressure level increases by a maximum of 4.4dB with the class III wind farm case.
Évolution du taux de sous-évaluation des toxi-infections alimentaires collectives (T.I.A.C.) en France depuis 1992
Authors: Catsaras Marc
Published: November 2017

Le nombre de malades recencés en France pour les Toxi-infections Alimentaires Collectives est passé, en quelques années grâce à de notables améliorations dans le recueil des données, par différents palliers : 4000 en 1985, 6000 en 1987, 10000 en 1989 et 12000 en 1992.

Le taux de sous-évaluation, estimé à 80% pour 12 000 malades recensés, sur la base de l’hypothèse CATSARAS de 1988, est resté stable à ce niveau en 1993 et 1994.

De nouveaux progrès dans le recueil des données, moins importants que précédemment, sont possibles et le taux de 80% peut donc être amélioré.
Ljubljana’s Concert Life and the Perception of Music During the First World War: Between Art and Patriotism
Authors: Krstulović Nataša Cigoj
Published: November 2017

The article deals with the organisational, repertoire and reception aspects of Ljubljana’s concert life during World War I. The relationship between the artistic and propagandistic functions of music is reflected in the share of first performances, as well as in the impact that new occasional compositions had on the audiences. In the last wartime concert season of 1917/18, during the time of fateful political changes both the nationality of visiting artists and the repertoire also symptomatically reveal a stronger cultural-propaganda role of music.
The use of bicycle workstations to increase physical activity in secondary classrooms
Authors: Fedewa Alicia , Cornelius Colleen , Ahn Soyeon
Published: November 2017

Background

To date, the majority of interventions have implemented classroom-based physical activity (PA) at the elementary level; however, there is both the potential and need to explore student outcomes at high-school level as well, given that very few studies have incorporated classroom-based PA interventions for adolescents. One exception has been the use of bicycle workstations within secondary classrooms. Using bicycle workstations in lieu of traditional chairs in a high school setting shows promise for enhancing adolescents’ physical activity during the school day.

Participants and procedure

The present study explored the effects of integrating bicycle workstations into a secondary classroom setting for four months in a sample of 115 adolescents using an A-B-A-B withdrawal design. The study took place in one Advanced Placement English classroom across five groups of students. Physical activity outcomes included average heart rate, and caloric expenditure. Behavioural outcomes included percentage of on-task/off-task behaviour and number of teacher prompts in redirecting off-task behaviour. Feasibility and acceptability data of using the bicycle workstations were also collected.

Results

Findings showed significant improvements in physical activity as measured by heart rate and caloric expenditure, although heart rate percentage remained in the low intensity range when students were on the bicycle workstations. No effects were found on students’ on-task behaviour when using the bicycle workstations. Overall, students found the bikes acceptable to use but noted disadvantages of them as well.

Conclusions

Using bicycle workstations in high-school settings appears promising for enhancing low-intensity physical activity among adolescents. The limitations of the present study and implications for physical activity interventions in secondary schools are discussed.
Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen dioxide within and around a large-scale wind farm – a numerical case study
Authors: Mo Jingyue , Huang Tao , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhao Yuan , Liu Xiao , Li Jixiang , Gao Hong , Ma Jianmin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. As a renewable and clean energy source, wind power has become the most rapidly growing energy resource worldwide in the past decades. Wind power has been thought not to exert any negative impacts on the environment. However, since a wind farm can alter the local meteorological conditions and increase the surface roughness lengths, it may affect air pollutants passing through and over the wind farm after released from their sources and delivered to the wind farm. In the present study, we simulated the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air concentration within and around the world's largest wind farm (Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province, China) using a coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem. The results revealed an edge effect, which featured higher NO2 levels at the immediate upwind and border region of the wind farm and lower NO2 concentration within the wind farm and the immediate downwind transition area of the wind farm. A surface roughness length scheme and a wind turbine drag force scheme were employed to parameterize the wind farm in this model investigation. Modeling results show that both parameterization schemes yield higher concentration in the immediate upstream of the wind farm and lower concentration within the wind farm compared to the case without the wind farm. We infer this edge effect and the spatial distribution of air pollutants to be the result of the internal boundary layer induced by the changes in wind speed and turbulence intensity driven by the rotation of the wind turbine rotor blades and the enhancement of surface roughness length over the wind farm. The step change in the roughness length from the smooth to rough surfaces (overshooting) in the upstream of the wind farm decelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, leading to their accumulation. The rough to the smooth surface (undershooting) in the downstream of the wind farm accelerates the atmospheric transport of air pollutants, resulting in lower concentration level.
Multifractal evaluation of simulated precipitation intensities from the COSMO NWP model
Authors: Wolfensberger Daniel , Gires Auguste , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel , Berne Alexis
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The framework of universal multifractals (UM) characterizes the spatio-temporal variability in geophysical data over a wide range of scales with only a limited number of scale-invariant parameters. This work aims to clarify the link between multifractals (MFs) and more conventional weather descriptors and to show how they can be used to perform a multi-scale evaluation of model data. The first part of this work focuses on a MF analysis of the climatology of precipitation intensities simulated by the COSMO numerical weather prediction model. Analysis of the spatial structure of the MF parameters, and their correlations with external meteorological and topographical descriptors, reveals that simulated precipitation tends to be smoother at higher altitudes, and that the mean intermittency is mostly influenced by the latitude. A hierarchical clustering was performed on the external descriptors, yielding three different clusters, which correspond roughly to Alpine/continental, Mediterranean and temperate regions. Distributions of MF parameters within these three clusters are shown to be statistically significantly different, indicating that the MF signature of rain is indeed geographically dependent. The second part of this work is event-based and focuses on the smaller scales. The MF parameters of precipitation intensities at the ground are compared with those obtained from the Swiss radar composite during three events corresponding to typical synoptic conditions over Switzerland. The results of this analysis show that the COSMO simulations exhibit spatial scaling breaks that are not present in the radar data, indicating that the model is not able to simulate the observed variability at all scales. A comparison of the operational one-moment microphysical parameterization scheme of COSMO with a more advanced two-moment scheme reveals that, while no scheme systematically outperforms the other, the two-moment scheme tends to produce larger extreme values and more discontinuous precipitation fields, which agree better with the radar composite.
Gas-Chromatography using ice coated fused silica-columns: Study of adsorption of sulfur dioxide on water-ice
Authors: Langenberg Stefan , Schurath Ulrich
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The well-established technique of gas chromatography is used to investigate interactions of sulfur dioxide with a crystalline ice film in a fused silica wide-bore column. Peak shape analysis of SO2 chromatograms measured in the temperature range 205–265 K is applied to extract parameters describing a combination of three processes: (i) physisorption of SO2 at the surface; (ii) dissociative reaction with water; (iii) slow uptake into bulk ice. Process (ii) is described by a dissociative Langmuir isotherm. The pertinent monolayer saturation capacity is found to increase with temperature. The impact of process (iii) on SO2 peak retention time is found to be negligible under our experimental conditions. By analyzing binary chromatograms of hydrophobic n-hexane and hydrophilic acetone, the premelt surface layer is probed in the temperature range 221–263 K possibly giving rise to irregular adsorption. Both temperature dependencies fit simple van't Hoff equations as expected for process (i), implying that irregular adsorption of acetone is negligible in the probed temperature range. Adsorption enthalpies of −45 ± 5 kJ mol−1 and −23 ± 2 kJ mol−1 are obtained for acetone and n-hexane. Our study was motivated to assess the vertical displacement of SO2 and acetone in the wake of aircraft by adsorption on ice particles and their subsequent sedimentation. Our results suggest that this transport mechanism is negligible.
The short-term combined effects of temperature and organic matter enrichment on permeable coral reef carbonate sediment metabolism and dissolution
Authors: Lantz Coulson A. , Schulz Kai G. , Stoltenberg Laura , Eyre Bradley D.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Rates of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net calcification (Gnet) in coral reef sediments are expected to change in response to global warming (and the consequent increase in sea surface temperature) and coastal eutrophication (and the subsequent increase in the concentration of organic matter, OM, being filtered by permeable coral reef carbonate sediments). To date, no studies have examined the combined effect of seawater warming and OM enrichment on coral reef carbonate sediment metabolism and dissolution. This study used 22 h in situ benthic chamber incubations to examine the combined effect of temperature (T) and OM, in the form of coral mucus and phytodetritus, on GPP, R, and Gnet in the permeable coral reef carbonate sediments of Heron Island lagoon, Australia. Compared to control incubations, both warming (+2.4 °C) and OM increased R and GPP. Under warmed conditions, R (Q10 =  10.7) was enhanced to a greater extent than GPP (Q10 =  7.3), resulting in a shift to net heterotrophy and net dissolution. Under both phytodetritus and coral mucus treatments, GPP was enhanced to a greater extent than R, resulting in a net increase in GPP / R and Gnet. The combined effect of warming and OM enhanced R and GPP, but the net effect on GPP / R and Gnet was not significantly different from control incubations. These findings show that a shift to net heterotrophy and dissolution due to short-term increases in seawater warming may be countered by a net increase GPP / R and Gnet due to short-term increases in nutrient release from OM.
Utilizing the Drake Passage Time-series to understand variability and change in subpolar Southern Ocean pCO2
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , McKinley Galen A. , Munro David R. , Sweeney Colm , Gray Alison R. , Landschützer Peter , Stephens Britton , Takahashi Taro , Williams Nancy
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The Southern Ocean is highly under-sampled for the purpose of assessing total carbon uptake and its variability. Since this region dominates the mean global ocean sink for anthropogenic carbon, understanding temporal change is critical. Underway measurements of pCO2 collected as part of the Drake Passage Time-series (DPT) program that began in 2002 inform our understanding of seasonally changing air-sea gradients in pCO2, and by inference the carbon flux in this region. Here, we utilize all available pCO2 observations collected in the subpolar Southern Ocean to evaluate how the seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and long-term trends in surface ocean pCO2 in the Drake Passage region compare to that of the broader subpolar Southern Ocean. Our results indicate that the Drake Passage is representative of the broader region in both seasonality and long term pCO2 trends shown through the agreement of timing and amplitude of seasonal cycles as well as trend magnitudes. The high temporal density of sampling by the DPT is critical to constraining estimates of the seasonal cycle of surface pCO2 in this region, as winter data remain sparse in areas outside of the Drake Passage. From 2002–2015, data show that carbon uptake has strengthened with surface ocean pCO2 trends less than the global atmospheric trend in the Drake Passage and the broader subpolar Southern Ocean. Analysis of spatial correlation shows Drake Passage pCO2 to be representative of pCO2 and its variability up to several hundred kilometers upstream of the region. We also compare DPT data from 2016 and early 2017 to contemporaneous pCO2 estimates from autonomous biogeochemical floats deployed as part of the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project (SOCCOM) so as to highlight the opportunity for evaluating data collected on autonomous observational platforms. Though SOCCOM floats sparsely sample the Drake Passage region for 2016–2017, their pCO2 estimates typically fall within the range of underway observations. Going forward, continuation of the Drake Passage Time-series will reduce uncertainties in Southern Ocean carbon uptake seasonality, variability, and trends, and provide an invaluable independent dataset for post-deployment quality control of sensors on autonomous floats. Together, these datasets will vastly increase our ability to monitor change in the ocean carbon sink.
Classification of mechanisms, climatic context, areal scaling, and synchronization of floods: the hydroclimatology of floods in the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil
Authors: Lima Carlos H. R. , AghaKouchak Amir , Lall Upmanu
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Floods are the main natural disaster in Brazil, causing substantial economic damage and loss of life. Studies suggest that some extreme floods result from a causal climate chain. Exceptional rain and floods are determined by large-scale anomalies and persistent patterns in the atmospheric and oceanic circulations, which influence the magnitude, extent, and duration of these extremes. Moreover, floods can result from different generating mechanisms. These factors contradict the assumptions of homogeneity, and often stationarity, in flood frequency analysis. Here we outline a methodological framework based on clustering using self-organizing maps (SOMs) that allows the linkage of large-scale processes to local-scale observations. The methodology is applied to flood data from several sites in the flood-prone Upper Paraná River basin (UPRB) in southern Brazil. The SOM clustering approach is employed to classify the 6-day rainfall field over the UPRB into four categories, which are then used to classify floods into four types based on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the rainfall field prior to the observed flood events. An analysis of the vertically integrated moisture fluxes, vorticity, and high-level atmospheric circulation revealed that these four clusters are related to known tropical and extratropical processes, including the South American low-level jet (SALLJ); extratropical cyclones; and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). Persistent anomalies in the sea surface temperature fields in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are also found to be associated with these processes. Floods associated with each cluster present different patterns in terms of frequency, magnitude, spatial variability, scaling, and synchronization of events across the sites and subbasins. These insights suggest new directions for flood risk assessment, forecasting, and management.
SMOS brightness temperature assimilation into the Community Land Model
Authors: Rains Dominik , Han Xujun , Lievens Hans , Montzka Carsten , Verhoest Niko E. C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission) brightness temperatures at a single incident angle are assimilated into the Community Land Model (CLM) across Australia to improve soil moisture simulations. Therefore, the data assimilation system DasPy is coupled to the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) as well as to the Community Microwave Emission Model (CMEM). Brightness temperature climatologies are precomputed to enable the assimilation of brightness temperature anomalies, making use of 6 years of SMOS data (2010–2015). Mean correlation R with in situ measurements increases moderately from 0.61 to 0.68 (11 %) for upper soil layers if the root zone is included in the updates. A reduced improvement of 5 % is achieved if the assimilation is restricted to the upper soil layers. Root-zone simulations improve by 7 % when updating both the top layers and root zone, and by 4 % when only updating the top layers. Mean increments and increment standard deviations are compared for the experiments. The long-term assimilation impact is analysed by looking at a set of quantiles computed for soil moisture at each grid cell. Within hydrological monitoring systems, extreme dry or wet conditions are often defined via their relative occurrence, adding great importance to assimilation-induced quantile changes. Although still being limited now, longer L-band radiometer time series will become available and make model output improved by assimilating such data that are more usable for extreme event statistics.
Brief communication: The curious case of the large wood-laden flow event in the Pocuro stream (Chile)
Authors: Ravazzolo Diego , Mao Luca , Mazzorana Bruno , Ruiz-Villanueva Virginia
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Large wood transported during extreme flood events can represent a relevant additional source of hazards that should be taken into account in mountain environments. However, direct observations and monitoring of large-wood transport during floods are difficult and scarce. Here we present a video of a flood characterised by multiple phases of large-wood transport, including an initial phase of wood-laden flow rarely described in the literature. Estimations of flow velocity and transported wood volume provide a good opportunity to develop models of large-wood-congested transport.
Flood impacts on a water distribution network
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Tarani Fabio , Vicario Enrico , Castelli Fabio
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Floods cause damage to people, buildings and infrastructures. Water distribution systems are particularly exposed, since water treatment plants are often located next to the rivers. Failure of the system leads to both direct losses, for instance damage to equipment and pipework contamination, and indirect impact, since it may lead to service disruption and thus affect populations far from the event through the functional dependencies of the network. In this work, we present an analysis of direct and indirect damages on a drinking water supply system, considering the hazard of riverine flooding as well as the exposure and vulnerability of active system components. The method is based on interweaving, through a semi-automated GIS procedure, a flood model and an EPANET-based pipe network model with a pressure-driven demand approach, which is needed when modelling water distribution networks in highly off-design conditions. Impact measures are defined and estimated so as to quantify service outage and potential pipe contamination. The method is applied to the water supply system of the city of Florence, Italy, serving approximately 380 000 inhabitants. The evaluation of flood impact on the water distribution network is carried out for different events with assigned recurrence intervals. Vulnerable elements exposed to the flood are identified and analysed in order to estimate their residual functionality and to simulate failure scenarios. Results show that in the worst failure scenario (no residual functionality of the lifting station and a 500-year flood), 420 km of pipework would require disinfection with an estimated cost of EUR 21 million, which is about 0.5 % of the direct flood losses evaluated for buildings and contents. Moreover, if flood impacts on the water distribution network are considered, the population affected by the flood is up to 3 times the population directly flooded.
Book Review: Adult-Gerontology Practice Guidelines
Authors: Jayaraman Nirmala
Published: November 2017

A book review of Adult-Gerontology Practice Guidelines.
Book Review: Ageing in the Contexts of Migration
Authors: Dalstrom Matthew
Published: November 2017

A book review of Ageing in the Contexts of Migration.
Graduate Student Commentary
Authors: Ryan Carrie H
Published: November 2017

No Abstract
Cruising for parking: New empirical evidence and influential factors on cruising time
Authors: Lee Jinwoo (Brian) , Agdas Duzgun , Baker Douglas
Published: November 2017

The goal of this study is to explore the perceptions and behaviors of drivers who cruise for parking. We conducted surveys with drivers in Brisbane, Australia, to understand potential factors that influence drivers’ cruising behavior. This study reveals that errors in drivers’ perception of parking cost are one of the leading factors encouraging drivers to cruise for on-street parking. Drivers are not necessarily well informed about parking costs, even when they claim to be familiar with these costs. The survey also reveals that the more informed drivers are about the local traffic and parking conditions, the less likely they are to cruise for extended periods of time. This finding demonstrates the value of traffic and parking information to effectively mitigate cruising for parking. The interview results also demonstrate that the on-street parking premium (i.e., accessibility or convenience factor) could be much larger than our common assumptions and a significant contributor to increased cruising time. Finally, this study introduces the sunk cruising cost and its potential impact on cruising time. Our hypothesis is that the effect of the sunk cost may manifest in a greater tendency for drivers to continue cruising because the time spent cruising is simply unrecoverable past expenditure. The survey data supports our hypothesis, and with findings on the drivers’ misperception about parking cost and the familiarity factor, this result highlights the value of accurate and timely parking cost and availability of information to drivers to tackle the cruising-for-parking issue.
Which D’s are the important ones? The effects of regional location and density on driving distance in Oslo and Stavanger
Authors: Naess Petter , Cao Xinyu (Jason) , Strand Arvid
Published: November 2017

Based on a study in the Greater Oslo and Greater Stavanger urban areas in Norway, this paper employs quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate the influences of residential location and neighborhood characteristics on car driving distances. Cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analyses show that built environment characteristics — especially the distance from the dwelling to the main city center — influence driving distances in both urban areas. In Stavanger, the impact of inward moving seems to be larger than that of outward moving, possibly reflecting self-selection to the inner city. In the relatively monocentric Greater Oslo, the distance to the city center has a stronger impact on weekday driving than on weekend driving. In the more polycentric Greater Stavanger, where the importance of downtown as a destination for commuting is weaker, the distance to the city center has similar effects on weekday and weekend driving. In Greater Stavanger, distance to the secondary center Sandnes also plays a role although the impact is small. Population density and job density have impacts in Greater Oslo but not in Greater Stavanger, where we instead find a weak effect of local-area job surplus. There is no tendency toward compensatory increased weekend driving among inner-city dwellers in either Greater Oslo or Greater Stavanger.