bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documenting the wild edible plant’s resources used by Pushtoons, Balochis and Brahvis as survival strategy in the arid Province of Balochistan, NW Pakistan
Authors: Kousar Shazia , Khan Nazar , Abbas Zaheer , Harun Nidaa , Ishaq Kamran , Khan Tahir , Bussmann Rainer W.
Published: March 2023

The current paper elaborates the wild edible plants’ (WEPs) diversity, and associated traditional knowledge among three ethnic groups of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. The field trips were carried out in 2018-2020 employing purposive sampling techniques for respondents. We used open ended semi-structured interviews for data collection. A total of 195 interviews reported 140 plant species in 44 families and 105 genera. Family Brassicaceae (10.17%) showed maximum representation along with Asteraceae (10%), and Apiaceae (6.42%). Eight (8) used categories were determined i.e. eaten fresh (47 spp. 33.57%), as vegetable (46 spp., 32.85%), vegetable and salad (15 spp, 10.71%), salad (14 spp, 10%), beverages only (8 spp, 5.71%), and flavor (7 spp, 5%). Leaves (54 spp., 38.57%) were the most used part followed by fruits (44 spp, 31.42%), tubers (13, 9.28%), bulb (11, 7.8% species), whole plant (8, 5.7%), flowers (4, 2.8%), seeds (4, 2.8), shoots (3, 2.14) young stem (2, 1.42). Seventy five (75) species (53.57%) were cited for mutual utilization and the rest 65 (46.42%) were used differently. Pashtuns hold comparatively significant traditional knowledge and exclusively utilize 44 (31.42%) plant species. Similarly, the Pushtoons and Balochis were sharing considerable species i.e. 13 (9.28%). Jaccard index (JI) discovered that 92 plant species were reported for the first time from the province as WEPs for instanceFerula costata, F.oopoda, Ferula assa-foetida, Allium zhobicum, Asphodelus tenuifolius,andMenoicus linifolius etc.Effect of age, gender and was observed in addition to inter-cultural knowledge heterogeneity. Several geo-climatic changes and anthropogenic factors are causing the fragmentation of existing knowledge. The promotion of these WEPs as crops would underpin the food security and socioeconomic development in the region.
Photoexcitation induced magnetic phase transition and spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic MnPS3 monolayer
Authors: Gao Yinlu , Jiang Xue , Qiu Zhiyong , Zhao Jijun
Published: March 2023

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin dynamics is the key issue to develop innovative spintronic devices. Herein, we adopt ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with inclusion of spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) to investigate the photoinduced excitation of spin dynamics in MnPS3 monolayer as an AFM semiconductor. We find that optical doping can trigger MnPS3 from Néel AFM state to stable ferromagnetic (FM) phase with critical density of 1.11×1014 cm− 2 for electron-hole pairs, which is experimentally achievable. This phase transition can be ascribed to the optically induced mid-gap states of S-p orbitals, which lower the electron excitation energy and strengthen the SOC effect between S-p and Mn-d orbitals. For the nonequilibrium nonadiabatic coupling, the excited S-p electrons first decay to the mid-gap states due to p-p electron-phonon coupling and then relax to the spin-down Mn-d orbitals via SOC to recombine with holes. Such dramatic relaxation process not only prolongs the photogenerated carrier lifetime but also maintains the FM order for a long time up to 648 fs, which provides a possible explanation to the unusual optoelectronic performance of AFM MnPS3 monolayer. Excitingly, the reversible switching of magnetic order via optical means gives important clue for information storage and highly efficient photocatalysts by utilizing AFM semiconductors.
Morphological Information Extraction in medical imaging using deep learning interpretability: application case on craniofacial dysmorphism
Authors: MAKAREMI Masrour , MARCY Benoit , KAADOUD Ikram CHRAIBI , SADR Alireza VAFAEI , Mohammad-Djafari Ali , SADOUN Salomé , DE BRONDEAU François , N'KAOUA Bernard
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in the interpretability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have allowed applications in imaging as a novel method for visual feature extraction. We used this approach to investigate the impact of changing occlusal forces on craniofacial architecture in class II retrognathism (C2Rm) pathology. Better understanding the points of impact of C2Rm on the entire skull is a major challenge in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this dysmorphism, but also allows to be part of the debate on changes in the shape of the skull during human evolution. To address these challenges, we introduced a methodology for extracting morphological information with an interpretable CNN (MIE-ICNN) that combines: 1) a pre-processing step to train a deep CNN, 2) an interpretability step using the Score-CAM method to explain the areas of the radiographs used by the model to identify the pathological class, and 3) a calculation step to generate a global activation map, which represents an average activation map of all classifications. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: I) the proposed technique made it possible to find the anatomical areas affected by C2Rm and already identified in the literature (i.e. the cranial base and the vertebrae), to confirm the involvement of a controversial area (the frontal sinus), and to identify a new structure (the parietal bone) as a biomarker. In addition, the study of the involvement of anatomical zones according to the severity of the dysmorphism (by the same methodology), has made it possible to propose hypotheses on the evolution of the forms of the skulls during human evolution (highlighting, in particular, the role of mastication). This new information enriches the anthropological debate around C2Rm and human evolution, and medical knowledge on the etiology of C2Rm. Finally, through this application on craniospinal architecture, the proposed methodological pipeline appears as a new toolbox to extract and visualize complex morphological systems and will certainly allow new advances in the fields of health and medical imaging.
Factors associated with influenza vaccination rates by vaccination government financial support policy: A cross sectional study (KNHNES 2020)
Authors: Park Sunhee , Kwon Jeoung A , Kim Hyo-Seon , Kim Byungmi
Published: March 2023

Objectives To investigate factors associated with influenza vaccination rates by vaccination government financial aid policy
Methods We used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020), a nationally representative, cross-sectional, population-based study. A total of 5,582 participants were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze the effect on vaccination rate after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics.
Results Financial aid group (71.2%) is higher vaccinated than non-aid group (33.9%) in crude rate. In the both group low education levels showed significant relationships with the financial aid group (aOR 2.28; CI: 1.41–3.70) and the non-aid group (aOR 1.86; CI: 1.14–3.05). In not receiving support group, high income was significantly related to high vaccination rates (aOR 2.23; 95% CI: 1.45–3.44). Women showed high, self-employed health insurance type showed low vaccination rates. And occupation type showed significant relationships in only financial support group.
Conclusion The vaccination rate had significant association by government financial support. In the future, to efficiently use limited resources, implementing strategic policies targeting appropriate factors for each group may be appropriate.
Niche differentiation and influencing factors of nitrite oxidation bacteria Nitrospira in sediments of the Luan River estuary in China
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Guan Xiangyu , Shi Xiaonan , Guo Wei , Luo Ximing
Published: March 2023

In estuarine sediment, the nitrite oxidation process mediated by bacteria is significant in the nitrification process. Nitrospira is the most widely distributed in diverse group of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and can adapt to various environment. In this study, the Nitrospira-specific primer nxrB 169F-638R was used to analyze the microbial communities in the sediments of low-, middle-, and high-level zones of the Luan River estuary. The structure of microbial community and its response to environmental factors were discussed. The abundance and diversity of Nitrospira were the highest in the low-level zone and the lowest in the high-level zone. Lineage II (43.58%) and lineage IV (32.09%) were the dominant Nitrospira. It was found that the distribution pattern of Nitrospira was also affected by complex environmental factors such as the concentration of NH4+, Fe and Cu cations. Therefore, this study is helpful in understanding the niche differentiation and adaptation strategies of Nitrospira in an estuarine sediment environment and in providing references for single-step nitrification.
Accuracy and precision of the certified Glucometer-Strips System Contour Plus One in clinical practice
Authors: Chlup Rudolf , Zálešáková Hana , Doubravová Blanka , Ďurajková Emilia , Nezval Martin , Gottwaldová Jiřina , Zapletalová Jana
Published: March 2023

Aims 1. To revise the accuracy and precision of the glucometer-strips system (GSS) in a professional routine. 2. To support the feasibility of capillary plasma glucose (cPG) monitoring.
Methods Prospective single-center study. Triplets of cPG were investigated on GSS Contour Plus One (Ascensia, Switzerland) using glucosedehydrogenase strips. To obtain one triplet, one LOT of strips was used in three glucometers Contour Plus One. Following the cPG readings, venous blood was taken into a Grainer tube to measure venous plasma glucose (vPG) on a Cobas Integra 400 analyzer using hexokinase. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, V. 23.0 was applied. A total of 258 pairs of cPG vs vPG were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with Bonferroni correction. P<0.05 was considered significant. Precision was estimated using the SD of average differences between individual cPG measurements.
Results Deviations of cPG measured on GSS Contour Plus One from vPG (in range ≥5.55 mmo/L) measured on Cobas Integra Analyzer were -0.63±0.71 mmol/L (mean±SD). The number of cPG values measured on Contour Plus One within the required interval ±15% of vPG values was 200/207 (96.6%). For vPG <5.55 mmol/L, the required interval of ±0.83 mmol/L was reached in 51/51 (100%) cPG values measured on GSS Contour Plus One. PG precision/variability in triplets of GSS Contour Plus One was demonstrated by SD 0.204±0.247 mmol/L.
Conclusions The required accuracy and precision of GSS Contour Plus One in clinical practice was confirmed and corresponds to the Requirements for blood-glucose monitoring systems for self-testing in managing diabetes mellitus ISO 15197 (2015). In addition to sustainable reviews of registered GSS, experienced data communication between health care professionals and GSS users should also be considered.
Identification and Validation of Cuproptosis-Related LncRNA Signatures as a Novel Prognostic Model for Wilms Tumor
Authors: Chang Mengmeng , Gao Hongjie , Liu Xiaoya , Ma Wenyue , Jia Changlin , Sun Fengyin
Published: March 2023

Background: Wilms tumor (WT), which is the most common malignancy of the genitourinary system in children. Cuproptosis is a unique form of cell death, and the mechanism of interaction with WT is not yet clear. This study aims at using bioinformatics technology to construct a prognostic signature and identify cuproptosis-related biomarkers to improve the prognosis and treatment of WT.
Methods: RNA sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from the TARGET database. The cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were screened by Pearson's correlation calculation, the differentially expressed cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were screened by R software, and a univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on them to screen out the lncRNAs related to prognosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature. The predictive ability of the signature was then assessed by Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, clinically relevant subject acceptance characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curves (DCA), and nomograms. Other clinical factors were further included to verify whether the constructed prognostic signature could be an independent predictor. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis was performed on the target lncRNA-related mRNAs to explore their possible functions and pathways involved. Immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment were assessed by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and ssGSEA algorithms to explore potential links between cuproptosis-related lncRNAs related to prognosis.
Results: ①A total of 711 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were screened. ②Through univariate Cox regression analysis, Lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a total of 17 lncRNAs with independent prognostic significance were screened to construct a prognostic signature. ③ The KM survival analysis of the samples by the prognostic signature found that there was a significant difference in survival between the high and low-risk groups, and the high-risk group had a worse prognosis (P<0.01). The area under the time-dependent ROC curve at 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.903, 0.882, and 0.907, combined with other clinical traits to construct the combined index ROC curve, the area under the risk score curve of the prognostic signature was 0.93, indicating that it can be used as an independent prognostic factor independently of other clinical traits.
Conclusions: The 17 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and their prognostic risk signature may be molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prognosis of Wilms tumor.
Integrating ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes with chromatin-accessible changes during photosynthetic establishment in Populus leaves
Authors: Zhang Sheng-Ying , Zhao Biligen-Gaowa , Shen Zhuo , Mei Ying-Chang , Li Guo , Zhang Jiao , Chao Qing , Wang Bai-Chen
Published: March 2023

Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs to provide substance for secondary growth in woody plants. It is important to obtain an anatomical understanding and regulatory network analysis of leaf development.We first observed serial leaves of poplar anatomically using semi-thin sections, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and performed RNA-seq analysis. We found that the third leaf possesses the anatomy required for photosynthesis and the first to third leaves to represent a critical period for leaf development. Transcription factors bind to accessible promoter regions in chromatin and precisely regulate the expression of their target genes. Therefore, we selected the first and third leaves to use an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) combined with RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their differentially accessible regions (DARs) during leaf development. We identified 390 and 345 DEGs in which DARs in promoter presented as more open (i.e. gain DARs and loss DARs) in the third and the first leaf, respectively. Meanwhile, we performed a motif enrichment analysis and found 17 and 15 upstream transcription factors (TFs) in the gain DARs and loss DARs. Furthermore, we could access the regulatory network of leaf development, which lays the molecular foundation for future understanding of leaf photosynthesis.
Comparing the pregnancy outcomes of fresh and frozen embryo transfer after early rescue ICSI
Authors: JIANG YAN , YUAN JING-CHUAN , SONG GE , ZHANG XU-HUI , MIAO SUI-BING , WU XIAO-HUA
Published: March 2023

Context: Early-rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI) can avoid total fertilization failure in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the R-ICSI embryos had lower implantation rate than the direct ICSI in the fresh embryo transfer.
Aims: To investigate the effect of frozen embryo transfer (FET)after R-ICSI.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of the first cycle primary infertility patients with the age ≤ 35 undergoing R-ICSI and ICSI treatment. The clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ectopic pregnancy, abortion rate and live birth rate were analyzed between the R-ICSI and ICSI groups in their first embryo transfer (fresh and FET cycles).
Key Results: The average age of patients in fresh and frozen ET of two groups was (29.1±3.1 vs. 29.0±3.2, and 28.9±3.0 vs. 29.1±3.3), respectively (P>0.05). The R-ICSI embryos clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and live birth rate were lower than the ICSI embryos in fresh embryo transfer. Whereas there were no significant difference between R-ICSI and ICSI embryos in the FET cycle.
Conclusions: R-ICSI embryos with frozen embryo transfer would be an optimal strategy rather than fresh embryo transfers.
Implications:early R-ICSI combined with frozen embryo transfer could achieve satisfying clinical outcomes compared with fresh embryo transfers.
Potential limits on warming-enhanced nitrogen availability in mesic boreal forests
Authors: Ziegler Susan E , Podrebarac Frances A , Billings Sharon A , Edwards Kate A , Skinner Andrea , Buckeridge Kate M , VandenBoer Trevor C
Published: March 2023

In mesic regions, where water availability is rarely limiting, temperature increases with climate change can prompt increases in primary production. These responses will be determined in part by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability, yet the relative importance of N- versus P-cycling for supporting primary production and soil C is unclear. Prompted by previous studies across a mesic boreal forest transect, we hypothesized that enhanced N-cycling and availability supporting increased productivity in warmer forests results in greater relative P-limitation. By assessing soil N and P stocks and inputs across this transect we uncovered multiple lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis. First, soil N stocks and soil N:P are highest in the warmer forests while soil C:P and P stocks are maintained across latitude. Second, soil N:P increases with depth in the warmest forests where organic P is the dominant form of P, and where the lowest mineral soil P stocks are observed. Third, estimates of soil P residence time are not coupled with those of C, and soil C:P does not correlate with tree growth, indicating that P availability is not supported by warming-induced microbial cycling, as is the case for N. Consistent with this, green needle litterfall C:P was lowest in the warmest sites suggesting enhanced P-resorption in those forests. These results provide nuanced evidence for relative P limitation that may emerge with the enhanced N cycling and productivity driven by a warmer climate suggesting a constraint on an important, negative climate feedback in these forests.
Scenario Planning in the Health by Trend Impact Analysis (TIA) Methodology
Authors: Alikhani Alireza , Golkar Mostafa Hosseini , Sharifi Hamid , Najafi Farid , Haghdoost AliAkbar
Published: March 2023

Background: In the health field, future planning and determining the road map are important issues. In this regard, quantitative approaches have often dominated this area of health sector research, and the main focus of researchers has been on creating frameworks and solutions for data management and applying data-driven strategies such as forecasting. in using such methods, it is assumed that past effective forces will continue under the same conditions in the future, as well as new events that They can change past relationships or distort trends, will not occur or have no significant effect. therefore, considering the influential events and investigating the significant effects of these events and their subsequent processes can lead to a better understanding of possible consequences and proper planning for futures in the field of health.
Methods: In the trend impact analysis approach, the impact of unprecedented events and their occurrence in the future on trends is considered and reliable results will be produced. the historical available data are used to perform quantitative extrapolation and forecast future values Then, qualitative tools and methods are employed to identify a list of influential events that will affect the trends in the future. Finally, the impact of these events on trends will be identified and applied.
Results: As a result of this approach, probable and plausible scenarios can be achieved.
Conclusions: The limitations in forecasting the future by using quantitative methods and ignoring the effect of unexpected events can leads to "surprises free" predictions and cause deviations from estimates and plans. Use of innovative methods in the methodology of studies will provide the ground for intelligent planning to face the future, and along with the complexities, uncertainties and changes in social behavior in societies, the use of new scientific methods in the field of health is a necessity.
D2 receptor sensitization: Neurobiological basis of increase sensitivity of stress on stimulant induced behavioural sensitization.
Authors: Alam Nausheen , Abbasi shagufta , Naeem Sadaf
Published: March 2023

Stress is associated with high risk of psychological disorders and cognitive impairment. Psychostimulants are known to enhanced cognition but prolong use causes behavioural sensitization. The locomotor response to psychostimulant potentiated after repeated exposure to stressful stimulus & dopamine play a major role in sensitization-like phenomena. The present study is conducted to visualize responsiveness of dopamine D2 receptors by challenge dose of haloperidol following long term psychostimulant administration in restrained & unrestrained rats. Behavioural Effects of oral methylphenidate (10mg/kg/day 2 times daily) & modafinil (75mg/kg/day once daily) administration in restrained (exposed to immobilization stress for 2 hours daily) and unrestrained rats were monitored for 35 days till the behavioral sensitization produced by using home cage (performed after every two days), open field, Head Dip Test and passive avoidance test (PAT) weekly. The effects of haloperidol challenge dose (1 mg/kg i.p.) were monitored after 35 days of treatment using Home Cage, Open Field, Head Dip and PAT, 30-, 60-, 90- & 120-minutes post injection. The result shows that restrained stress potentiate stimulant-induced behavioural sensitization, produced cognitive deficits and decrease exploratory activity but both stimulants improved cognitive performance and exploratory activity in PAT and head dip test respectively effect was more pronounced in modafinil treated rats. Challenge dose of haloperidol ameliorated motor activity in Home Cage and Open Field, impaired cognition in PAT and decreased activity in head dip test, effect was significant in psychostimulant treated rats but more pronounced in saline treated restrained and psychostimulant treated restrained rats which could be due to supersensitization of D2 receptors that leads to increased sensitivity of stress on stimulant induced behavioural sensitization. This study will help to investigate drugs that could prevent psychostimulant induced behavioural sensitization in stressful environment by understanding of neurobiological basis of the effect of psychostimulants on stress induced motor and cognitive deficits.
Structural Conservation of Insulin/IGF Signalling Axis at the Insulin Receptors Level in Drosophila and Humans
Authors: Viola Cristina , Frittmann Orsolya , Jenkins Huw , Shafi Talha , De Meyts Pierre , Brzozowski Andrzej
Published: March 2023

The family of insulin-related hormones regulates key life processes in Metazoa, from metabolism to growth, reproduction, lifespan and aging, through an evolutionarily conserved Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signalling (IIS) axis. In humans the IIS axis is controlled by insulin, two insulin-like growth factors, two isoforms of the insulin receptor (hIR-A and -B), its homologous IGF-1R and their hybrid dimers. In Drosophila, this signalling engages seven insulin-like proteins (DILP1-7) and a single receptor (dmIR), with many downstream proteins and pathways that are homologous with human ones. This report reveals the first cryoEM structure of the dmIR ectodomain:DILP5 complex providing the evidence of structural homology between dmIR and hIR. In the presence of excess hormone, the overall organisation of the dmIR complex is an asymmetric ‘T’ conformation, similar to that observed in some human IR structures. However, dmIR binds three DILP5 molecules in an unseen arrangement, revealing unique structural signatures that could rationalize the selective binding and signalling by different DILPs. This work provides structural proof of the evolutionary conservation of key receptors of the insulin-like hormones signalling axis, underpinning a deeper understanding of an important model animal organism.
Unmet supportive care needs of patients with breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Fan Rongrong , Wang Lili , Bu Xiaofan , Wang Wenxiu , Zhu Jing
Published: March 2023

Background
Growing breast cancer patients increases the demand for unmet needs. Few research has focused on any systematic research into unmet need among these groups. This aim is to clarify major elements of unmet needs and factors influencing in order to provide a basis for provision of appropriate medical services.
Method
A throughout search was conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline from inception through December 2022. Studies investigated unmet supportive care needs of patients with breast cancer were included. Two independent researchers extracted the data, evaluated the quality of eligible studies, and performed double-checks. Methodological quality was independently appraised by two authors in accordance with JBI critical appraisal tools. Content analytic approach was applied to narrative synthesis. For quantitative studies, the meta-analysis was also performed to pool the proportions through Review Manager Software.
Results
Our present review identified 63 studies evidencing the unmet needs of patients with breast cancer. A total of 10534 records were retrieved and 63 studies were included finally. The overall risk of bias was low to moderate. Self-made questionnaire was the most used instrument, followed by The Short-form Supportive Care Needs Survey questionnaire (SCNS-SF34). Social support (74%), fear of cancer recurrence/ spreading (55%), daily activity (54%), sexual/intimacy (52%) and information support (50%) were the unmet needs with most proportion. Information need and psychological/emotional need were been found to appear most frequently. The most reported unmet needs among breast cancer patients were dignity (55.8%), physical/symptom (55%), and daily activity (52.7%). Meanwhile, in breast cancer survivors, peer communication (65.5%), daily activity (56.5%), medical counselling (52.2%), and fear of cancer recurrence/ spreading (52%) were frequently reported. It was found that unmet needs were significantly associated with many factors such as demographic data, treatment, disease status, quality of life, performance status and some psychological indicators.
Conclusion
Breast cancer patients are experiencing a large number of unmet needs in fear of cancer recurrence, daily activity, sexual/intimacy, psychology and information. Standard assessment tools that specifically to unmet needs among breast cancer patients were absent. Patients with different characteristics had various unmet support need, which emphasized the necessity to verified elaborate care plan for different patients. We identified some potential risk factors of unmet need. Data synthesis through meta-analysis to confirm the influencing factors are demanded.
Exposing military attacks in the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict using seismic array data
Authors: Dando Ben , Goertz-Allmann Bettina , Brissaud Quentin , Köhler Andreas , Schweitzer Johannes , Kværna Tormod
Published: March 2023

Seismometers are generally used by the research community to study local or distant earthquakes, but seismograms also contain critical observations from regional1,2 and global explosions3, which can be used to better understand conflicts and identify potential breaches of international law. The large overpressure generated by an explosion, shakes the Earth’s atmosphere and subsurface, and the resulting ground motion can be recorded by seismometers, while the infrasound signals that propagate through the atmosphere can be detected by microbarometers. While this technology is used by the International Monitoring System4 to monitor nuclear explosions as part of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the detection and location of lower-yield military attacks requires a network of sensors much closer to the source of the explosions. Without dedicated sensor deployments, such networks are rarely available for conflict monitoring. Obtaining comprehensive and objective data that can be used to effectively monitor an active conflict zone therefore remains a significant challenge. We demonstrate how seismic waves generated by explosions in northern Ukraine can be recorded by a local network of seismometers and used to automatically identify individual attacks in close to real-time, providing an unprecedented view of an active conflict zone. Between February and November 2022, we observe over 1200 explosions from the Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernhiv provinces, providing accurate origin times, locations and magnitudes. We identify a range of seismo-acoustic signals associated with various types of military attacks, with the resulting catalogue of explosions far exceeding the number of publicly reported attacks5. Our results demonstrate that seismic data can be an effective tool for providing accurate and objective data in real-time from an ongoing conflict. We anticipate that the implementation of seismic-based monitoring techniques can provide invaluable information about potential breaches of international law.
Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic and expression pattern analysis of HSF family genes in the Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Ren Yanyan , Ma Rui , Fan Yue , Feng Liang , Xie Muhua , Chen Long , Yang Hao , Wei Xiaobao , Wang Xintong , Liu Kouhan , Cheng Peng , Wang Baotong
Published: March 2023

Background
Heat shock factor (HSF), a typical class of transcription factors in plants, has played an essential role in plant growth and developmental stages, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The HSF genes families has been identified and characterized in many species through leveraging whole genome sequencing (WGS). However, the identification and systematic analysis of HSF family genes in Rye is limited.
Results
In this study, 31 HSF genes were identified in Rye, which were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. Based on the homology of A. thaliana, we analyzed the number of conserved domains and gene structures of ScHSF genes that were classified into seven subfamilies. To better understand the developmental mechanisms of ScHSF family during evolution, we selected one monocotyledon (Arabidopsis thaliana) and five (Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L., and Aegilops tauschii Coss.) specific representative dicotyledons associated with Rye for comparative homology mapping. The results showed that fragment replication events modulated the expansion of the ScHSF genes family. In addition, interactions between ScHSF proteins and promoters containing hormone- and stress-responsive cis-acting elements suggest that the regulation of ScHSF expression was complex. A total of 15 representative genes were targeted from seven subfamilies to characterize their gene expression responses in different tissues, fruit developmental stages, three hormones, and six different abiotic stresses.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that ScHSF genes, especially ScHSF1 and ScHSF3, played a key role in Rye development and its response to various hormones and abiotic stresses. These results provided new insights into the evolution of HSF genes in Rye, which could help the success of molecular breeding in Rye.
The gut microbiota in gallstone patients during the perioperative period
Authors: Lai Zhiyong , Cheng Meng , Niu Zhiqiang , Zhang Haiyang , Huo Chenda , Bai Zhongyuan , Xue Jiajun , Wei Zhigang , Li Huiyu , Xu Jun
Published: March 2023

Cholelithiasis disease is a worldwide problem, and many patients undergo surgery yearly. The perioperative period's pathophysiological alterations may have an impact on the features of gut microbial populations. We examined the gut fecal microbial community signatures by conducting 16S rRNA sequencing. The samples were analyzed to assess the alpha and beta diversities of different groups and compared the abundance of bacteria at different levels among the groups. There was less of an antagonistic effect on the inferior bacteria in gallstone patients due to the dominant bacteria losing their advantages in the gut. Genus Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, and Erysipelatoclostridium, which multiplied in the intestines, showed the notable modifications. There were low abundances of genus such as Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Roseburia. Compared the intestinal flora of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration two months with the preoperative period, Bacteroides was significantly lower, while Escherichia-Shigella was higher. The microbial composition is markedly altered from that prior to surgery after two months after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, but there is no clear hallmark of microbiota linked to the other perioperative phase. The intestinal flora of patients after cholecystectomy did not differ significantly from that of colorectal cancer patients.
Impact of voluntary testing on infectious disease epidemiology: A game theoretic approach
Authors: Pepiot Amandine , Supervie Virginie , Breban Romulus
Published: March 2023

The World Health Organization recommends test-and-treat interventions to curb and even eliminate epidemics of HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis). Epidemic models show these goals are achievable, provided the participation of individuals in test-and-treat interventions is sufficiently high. We combine epidemic models and game theoretic models to describe individual’s decisions to get tested for infectious diseases within certain epidemiological contexts, and, implicitly, their voluntary participation to test-and-treat interventions. We develop three hybrid models, to discuss interventions against HIV, HCV, and sexually transmitted infections, and the potential behavioral response from the target population. Our findings are similar across diseases. Particularly, individuals use three distinct behavioral patterns relative to testing, based on their perceived costs for testing, besides the payoff for discovering their disease status. Firstly, if the cost of testing is too high, then individuals refrain from voluntary testing and get tested only if they are symptomatic. Secondly, if the cost is moderate, some individuals will test voluntarily, starting treatment if needed. Hence, the spread of the disease declines and the disease epidemiology is mitigated. Thirdly, the most beneficial testing behavior takes place as individuals perceive a per-test payoff that surpasses a certain threshold, every time they get tested. Consequently, individuals achieve high voluntary testing rates, which may result in the elimination of the epidemic, albeit on temporary basis. Trials and studies have attained different levels of participation and testing rates. To increase testing rates, they should provide each eligible individual with a payoff, above a given threshold, each time the individual tests voluntarily.
Mock-Lie bialgebras and mock-Lie analogue of the classical Yang-Baxter equation
Authors: Benali Karima , Chtioui Taoufik , Hajjaji Atef , Mabrouk Sami
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of a mock-Lie bialgebra which is equivalent to a Manin triple of mock-Lie algebras. The study of a special case called coboundary mock-Lie bialgebra leads to the introduction the mock-Lie Yang-Baxter equation on a mock-Lie algebra which is an analogue of the classical Yang-Baxter equation on a Lie algebra. Note that a skew-symmetric solution of mock-Lie Yang-Baxter equation gives a mock-Lie bialgebra. Finally, the notation of O-operators are studied to construct skew-symmetric solution of mock-Lie Yang-Baxter equation.
M. S. C (2020):16W10, 16T10, 16T15, 16T25, 17B38.
Cellular Automata Simulations of the Sintering behavior of Ceramics driven by Surface Energy reduction
Authors: Garrido-Regife Laura , Jiménez-Morales Francisco , González-Sánchez Manuela , Rivero-Antúnez Pedro , Morales-Flórez Víctor
Published: March 2023

A Cellular Automata model has been developed to study the sintering behavior of ceramic particles. In this model, the only physical rule that drives the evolution of the system is to reduce the energy at the interface between the mass cells and the void cells. The meaning of several computational parameters, such as particle size or compuntational temperature, were researched. Experiments of partial sintering of spherical particles of silica were performed and it was verified that this model successfully mimics the neck formation. Moreover, other experimental evidences of the stages of the densification, such as the formation of the intermediate vermicular microstructure or the dependence of porosity with temperature, were also qualitatively simulated.
Risk Factors of Unintentional Piecemeal Resection in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Colorectal Polyps ≥ 10 mm
Authors: Ishikawa Tsubasa , Okimoto Kenichiro , Matsumura Tomoaki , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Kitsukawa Yoshio , Yokoyama Yuya , Kanayama Kengo , Akizue Naoki , Iino Yotaro , Ohta Yuki , Ishigami Hideaki , Taida Takashi , Tsuchiya Shin , Saito Keiko , Kamezaki Hidehiro , Kobayashi Akitoshi , Kikuchi Yasuharu , Tada Minoru , Shiko Yuki , Ozawa Yoshihito , Kato Jun , Yamaguchi Taketo , Kato Naoya
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the lesion and endoscopist factors associated with unintentional endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (uniEPMR) of colorectal lesions ≥ 10 mm. uniEPMR was defined from the medical record as anything other than a preoperatively planned EPMR. Factors leading to uniEPMR were identified by retrospective univariate and multivariate analyses of lesions ≥ 10 mm (adenoma and carcinoma) that were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) at three hospitals. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the number of cases treated by each endoscopist. A learning curve (LC) was created for each lesion size based on the number of experienced cases and the percentage of uniEPMR. Of 2557 lesions, 327 lesions underwent uniEPMR. Multivariate analysis showed that lesion diameter ≥ 30 mm (odds ratio 11.83, 95% confidence interval 6.80–20.60, p < .0001) was the most associated risk factor leading to uniEPMR. In the LC analysis, the proportion of uniEPMR decreased for lesion sizes of 10–19 mm until 160 cases. The proportion of uniEPMR decreased with the number of experienced cases in the 20–29 mm range, while there was no correlation between the number of experienced cases and the proportion of uniEPMR ≥ 30 mm. These results suggest that 160 cases seem to be the minimum number of cases needed to be proficient in en bloc EMR. Additionally, while lesion sizes of 10–29 mm are considered suitable for EMR, lesion sizes ≥ 30 mm are not applicable for en bloc EMR from the perspective of both lesion and endoscopist factors.
The role of microbiota - oral - brain axis in anxiety and depression
Authors: Lou Fangzhi , Luo Shihong , Long Huiqing , Yang Lu , Wang Haiyang , Liu Yiyun , Pu Juncai , Yan Li , Ji Ping , Jin Xin
Published: March 2023

Background: The gut microbiota plays a vital role in mental disorders, and the gut-brain axis has also been studied in the pathogenesis of depression. Furthermore, studies show the presence of the oral-gut microbiome axis. Oral microbiota dysbiosis is linked with mental disorders, suggesting that pathologic bacteria from the oral cavity may contribute to the development of mental disorders. However, whether independent oral microbiome that do not depend on gut microbes impacts the progression of depression, andthe presence and mechanism underlying about the microbiota-oral-brain axis in depression remains unclear. Here, saliva microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice used to study the impacts and mechanism of oral microbes on depression. 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed on saliva, stool and serum to investigate alterations in microbiota and metabolites.
Results: It was observed that differential shaping effect of oral and intestinal microbiota on depression. Moreover, germ-free mice transplanted with saliva from chronic restraint stress (CRS)-exposed mice displayed emotional impairment and oral microbial dysbiosis with significant differential abundance of bacterial species including the enrichment of Pseudomonas, Pasteurellaceae and Muribacter and depletion of Streptococcus. Metabolomic analysis showed the alternation of metabolites in the serum of CRS-exposed germ-free mice, especially Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Furthermore, ectopic colonization of oral microbiome induced by CRS in the intestine impaired gut barrier function, which is associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Pseudomonas supplementation exacerbated depression-like behavior, while Eicosapentaenoic Acid treatment conferred protection against depression-like states in mice.
Conclusions: These results suggest the external shaping process of gut microbiota by oral microbiome and indicate the great value of oral saliva samples in monitoring and assessing depression progression in clinical settings.
Circulating long noncodingRNAs in Mild Cognitive Impairment patients’ blood
Authors: De Felice Bruna , Coppola Cinzia , Bonavita Simona , Signoriello Elisabetta , Montanino Concetta
Published: March 2023

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) generally signifies a transitional clinical stage prior to dementia.
Cognitive working is a dynamic process where both functional decline and functional improvement are mutual. Patients with amnestic MCI have a high risk to progress toward Alzheimer’s disease.
Both amnestic mild cognitive impairment and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are multifactorial disorders consequential from a multifaceted cross-talk among molecular and biological processes.
Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, mainly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that regulate other RNA transcripts through binding microRNAs. Cross-talk between RNAs, including coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs, produces a significant regulatory network all through the transcriptome. The relationship of genes and non-codingRNAscould improve the knowledge of the genetic factors contributing to the predisposition and pathophysiology of MCI.
The objective of this study was to identify the expression patterns and relevant lncRNA-associated
miRNA regulatory axes in blood of MCI patients, which includes lncRNA- HAR1A, lncRNA- HAR1B, lncRNA-MEG9, lncRNA-ST7-AS1, and lncRNA-TUNAR. Microarray investigations have demonstrated modifications in the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in blood of patients with MCI compared with control samples. This is the first study to explore lncRNA profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment blood. Our study proposals RNAs targets involved in molecular pathways connected to the pathogenesis of MCI.
Development of an eco-friendly HPLC method for the stability indicating assay of binary mixture of ibuprofen and phenylephrine
Authors: Kelani Khadiga M. , Fayez Yasmin M. , Abdel-Raoof Ahmed M. , Fekry Reham A. , Hassan Said A.
Published: March 2023

The development and validation of the stability indicating HPLC technique has contributed to the understanding of the stability profile of ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine (PHE). Stability profile was achieved for PHE, the drug was found to be liable to be influenced by stress oxidative conditions. Two oxidative degradates were formed and their structures were confirmed using IR and mass spectrometry. The drugs and degradation products were successfully separated using a a gradient elution method on YMC-C8 column with 0.1% hexanesulfonic acid and acetonitrile as solvents at pH 6.6. The flow rate was 1.0 mL.min− 1, and a diode array detector operating at 220 nm was used for UV detection. The proposed technique has been validated using ICH guidelines and its greenness was assessed according to Analytical Eco Scale metric.
Perfusion computed tomography as a screening tool for pending delayed cerebral ischemia in comatose patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Busse Thor Löwe , Munthe Sune , Ketharanathan Baskaran , Bülow Karsten , Jóhannsson Bjarni , Diaz Anabel , Nielsen Troels Halfeld
Published: March 2023

Background/Objective
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe complication often attributed to vasospasm. Endovascular rescue therapies (ERT) are available; however, pending DCI is difficult to diagnose in comatose patients. Therefore, symptomatic vasospasms (sVS) on perfusion computed tomography (P-CT) is often used as a surrogate.
The overarching aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate P-CT as a screening modality for pending DCI on days four- and eight after aSAH in comatose patients. The specific objectives were (i) to explore the modality's validity by comparing the proportion of patients who received ERT due to sVS to patients developing DCI, and (ii) to explore the modality’s ability to risk-stratify patients by calculating the negative predictive value (NPV) of a patient with normal screening not developing DCI and by comparing the negative post-test probability (NPP) of developing DCI to the presumed incidence of DCI.
Methods
Records from 56 comatose aSAH patients Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2021 receiving 98 P-CT screening scans were retrospectively reviewed. With DCI, sVS and ERT as primary outcome measures, event rate analysis was undertaken, and NPP and NPV was calculated. sVS was defined as arterial narrowing with corresponding hypoperfusion on P-CT. DCI was defined as new cerebral infarct, not attributable to other causes, occurring >48 hours <6 weeks post aSAH.
Results
The incidence of DCI was 40%. sVS was detected in 9% of P-CTs, involving six patients. Positive P-CTs were followed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in five patients with ERT eligible in three patients. The combined NPV of screening on days four- and eight was 0,65. Days four and eight had an isolated NPV of 0,63 and 0,61, respectively. The NPP was 0,35 for negative scans combined on days four- and eight. Days four and eight had a NPP of 0,37 and 0,39, respectively. Seven (13%) patients had manifest DCI on day 4 P-CT, and 12 (21%) on day 8 P-CT.
Conclusions
Screening for pending DCI with P-CT on days four- and eight often resulted in late detection and had a poor prognostic certainty. The negative post-test probability of developing DCI was approximately equal to the incidence. Based on our analysis, we cannot recommend using P-CT as a screening modality on days four and eight alone for screening purposes in this group of patients. There is a need for continuous monitoring modalities to timely predict sVS and prevent DCI