bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLASIFICACIÓN DE PACIENTES Y DIMENSIONAMIENTO DEL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN UNA UNIDAD DE HOSPITALIZACIÓN PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Moraes Rúbia Marcela Rodrigues , Lara Ana Caroline de , Remedio Eduardo Cardoso , Gaiva Maria Aparecida Munhoz , Gentilini Mozara Mota , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Magalhaes Ana Maria Muller e
Published: February 2023

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la implantación del Sistema de Clasificación de Pacientes y el dimensionamiento del personal de enfermería en una unidad de hospitalización pediátrica. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, realizado en un hospital universitario del Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Tras la implantación del Sistema de Clasificación de Pacientes Pediátricos, se recopilaron los datos de las clasificaciones del nivel de complejidad asistencial (N=4.639) entre los pacientes (n=608) ingresados de enero a diciembre de 2019. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo, incluida nuestra propia metodología de dimensionamiento del personal. Resultados: prevalencia de pacientes de cuidados intermedios. En cuanto a la dimensión del personal, se constató un superávit (+10) de trabajadores de nivel medio, y el número de enfermeros proyectado (seis) era compatible con el disponible. Conclusión: la implementación/empleo estratégico del Sistema de Clasificación de Pacientes fue indispensable para la previsión del personal de enfermería pediátrica, considerando que el excedente de personal encontrado debe ser apreciado con cautela.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY ON INSULIN THERAPY: METHODOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Ribeiro Adriane Stefanny Rocha , Silva Jéssica Gomes da , Ferreira Cecília Rafaela Salles , Pena José Luis da Cunha , Santos Kaila Correa , Pena Laidiane Dantas Soares , Pena Francineide Pereira da Silva
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate educational technology on insulin therapy for educational practices of health professionals. Method: methodological study conducted in three stages: construction, between May and September 2019; and content validation and appearance validation, August 2020 to August 2021, in a Public University of Amapá, Brazil. Content validation and appearance validation were performed in single steps with 16 health professionals and with five professionals from other areas respectively. Results: The educational technology was named Serial Album on Insulin Therapy and was available in printed format. It presented a Content Validity Index of 0.91 and an Appearance Validity Index of 1.00. Conclusion: the technology was validated and can be used by primary care health professionals in health educational practices, with a view to promoting teaching-learning about the use of insulin, benefiting the process of care and communication in health care.
RETO CIUDAD NATURALEZA LA PAZ: UNA EXPERIENCIA DE OBSERVACIÓN Y REGISTRO DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD URBANA
Authors: Flores Turdera Cecilia , Wallace Robert , Garitano Zavala Álvaro , Maldonado Carla , Jurado Cynthya , Álvarez Daniela , Angulo Wilma , Ayala Guido , Gómez Isabel , Hayes Mayli , Molina Carlos , Salinas Elvira , Torrico Omar
Published: February 2023

La ciencia ciudadana incentiva la participación de las personas en proyectos de investigación científica. Una de las iniciativas más conocidas es el concurso City Nature Challenge, dirigida a registrar la biodiversidad en las ciudades mediante la aplicación iNaturalist. La región metropolitana de La Paz, Bolivia, participó de este concurso en 2019 y 2022 con el nombre de Reto Ciudad Naturaleza, gracias al impulso de Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Bolivia, la Carrera de Biología y el Instituto de Ecología de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), y el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (MNHN), que conformaron un Comité Organizador. El objetivo fue fortalecer los vínculos de la población urbana con la naturaleza para generar datos sobre el conocimiento y conservación de la biodiversidad. Las actividades se basaron en la promoción y difusión del concurso, eventos de capacitación en el manejo de aplicación iNaturalist, registro fotográfico, identificación taxonómica y entrega de certificados a los participantes. En 2019, La Paz compitió con 158 ciudades y consiguió el octavo lugar en número de especies (3.005), el tercer lugar en número de participantes (1.500) y el segundo en número de observaciones (46.931). En 2022, participaron 447 ciudades. La Paz lideró en las tres categorías del concurso, con 137.345 observaciones, 5.320 especies y 4.296 participantes. Más allá de estos resultados, destaca el compromiso de la ciudadanía paceña con su biodiversidad, lo que repercute en un vínculo cada vez más estrecho entre la población urbana y su entorno natural.
El Impacto del Plan Nacional de Vacunación en la letalidad por COVID 19 Aseguradora en Colombia 2020-2022
Authors: Giraldo Oliveros Simon Andres , Hidalgo Patiño Carlos Alberto , Carabali Ibarra Jessica Lorena , Ortiz Portilla Irma Lucy , Paz Suarez Arling Nathalia , Herrera Burbano Faber Lever
Published: February 2023

Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19, rápidamente se convirtió en una prioridad en salud pública a nivel mundial entre 2020 y 2022, tiempo donde se desarrollaron y aprobaron en tiempo récord biológicos, el objeto de la presente investigación es medir el impacto de la vacunación en la letalidad por COVID 19 en una aseguradora del suroccidente colombiano. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal con intención analítica, en afiliados activos a la aseguradora, detectados y confirmados con pruebas PCR o antígeno, para calcular la letalidad se realizó el cociente defunciones y número de casos confirmados en el periodo de estudio, las fuentes para la morbimortalidad fueron SIVIGILA, SISMUESTRAS, SEGCOVID, RIPS y RUAF; mientras la fuente de la población vacunada fue PAIWEB y un aplicativo web 2.0, Resultados: Desde el primer caso registrado el 17 de marzo de 2020 al 30 de agosto de 2022 la aseguradora registró 97.274 casos de COVID 19, y 3.619 fallecidos resultando una letalidad de 3,7%, la mayoría se confirmó por pruebas de antígeno y entre los casos en el periodo posvacunación la cobertura efectiva de dosis 1 fue alrededor del 30%, en todas las dosis los biológicos más frecuentes fueron Sinovac y Pfizer. Conclusiones: la letalidad se asoció significativamente con la exposición a la vacunación siendo inferior en población inmunizada con al menos una dosis, en todos los grupos de edad (p valor 0,0001 < 0,05)
Screening and Bioinformatics Analysis of MicroRNA Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Fan Jingjing , Dong Chao , Ma Binlin
Published: February 2023

Objective: To identify and evaluate the bioinformatics of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods: The MDA-MB-231 cell line with stable and low expression of c-Myc was created, and the expression patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA were investigated by cluster analysis. The genes regulated by c-Myc were then screened by transcriptome sequencing and miRNA sequencing. The negative binomial distribution of the DESeq software package was used to test for and determine the differential expression of genes.

Results: In the c-Myc deletion group, 276 differently expressed mRNAs were screened out by transcriptome sequencing, of which 152 mRNAs were considerably upregulated and 124 were significantly downregulated in comparison to the control group. One-hundred-seventeen (117) differentially expressed miRNAs were found using miRNA sequencing, of which 47 showed a substantial upregulation and 70 a significant downregulation. According to the Miranda algorithm, 1803 mRNAs could be targeted by 117 differently expressed miRNAs. Comparing the two sets of data, a total of 5 miRNAs were differentially expressed after targeted binding with 21 mRNAs, which were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The genes regulated by c-Myc were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as extracellular matrix receptors and Hippo.

Conclusion: Twenty-one target genes and five differential miRNAs in the mRNA-c-Myc-miRNA regulatory network are potential therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer.
Poesie, Philosophie und ihre Peripetien
Authors: Grünbein Durs
Published: February 2023

Henri Bergson träumte einmal, er sei Sigmund Freud. Und Freud sah sich im Traum in der Rolle Friedrich Nietzsches. Und Nietzsche erkannte sich, bevor er seine Briefe mit Dionysos oder Der Gekreuzigte unterzeichnete, in René Descartes wieder, dem ersten Icherzähler der Philosophie. In seiner ersten großen Aphorismensammlung, in der vom Traumdenken die Rede ist, lässt er ihn für sich sprechen – «An Stelle einer Vorrede». Jakob Böhme, ein einfacher Schuster und Visionär, träumte, er sei mit Jesus Christus durch alle Höllenpforten des Geistes gegangen. Er konnte von sich sagen, dass er bei Tag oder Nacht in einer Viertelstunde mehr gesehen habe, als wenn er viele Jahre auf hohen Schulen gewesen wäre. In seiner mystischen Daseinsfülle waren ihm Traum und Wachen ein und dasselbe. Das sind die Denker, die bei den Dichtern ankommen. Im Traum begegnen auch Philosophen sich in der Rolle des Anderen, hinter geschlossenen Lidern erscheinen die Körper austauschbar, wird Seelenwanderung zum Erlebnis. Anders gesagt: zur unwiderlegbaren Erfahrung.
Lob der Sirenenförderrichtlinie
Authors: Cancik Pascale
Published: February 2023

§ 1 Im Rechtsstaat sind alle Rechtstexte kleingedruckt. Sogardie Verfassung, der gelegentlich angerufene «große» Text: kleingedruckt auf Dünndruckpapier, ähnlich Bibeln, Gesangbüchern und pharmazeutischen Packungsbeilagen. § 2 Ohne (Klein-)Druck gibt es kein Recht; genauer: kein geltendes Recht; noch genauer: kein Recht mit Geltungsanspruch.Gingen wir jener Bedeutung des Druckens für das Recht nach, entstünde eine Geschichte der verdrängenden Ergänzung des Mündlichen durch das Schriftliche, durch das Gedruckte und neuerdings das Nichtgedruckte, aber theoretisch Druckbare im virtuellen Raum. Jene Geschichte erklärte die Expansion des Rechts (auch) mit den technisch-medialen Faktoren. Sie führte uns zur aufklärerischen Erfindung der Gesetzblätter um 1800 und zu der damit verbundenen Erleichterung, Rechtskenntnis zu erlangen und zu verlangen.
Was tun? Die Kompetenzkataloge des Yves-Claude Jourdain
Authors: Neumeier Christian
Published: February 2023

Acht Jahre und drei Verfassungen dauerte es, bis die Revolution juristisch eingeholt wurde. 1797 erschien ein Kompendium auf dem Pariser Buchmarkt, das seinen Lesern eine vollständige Auflistung aller Kompetenzbestimmungen des neuen Gemeinwesens versprach. Auf 547 Seiten sollte dieser Code de compétence eine «handliche» und «methodische Sammlung» der Kompetenzen aller «Funktionäre der Französischen Republik» bieten, wie Untertitel und Vorwort verhießen. In dieser Abstraktion war der Gebrauch des Wortes compétence ebenso neu wie die politische Ordnung, die es beschreiben sollte. Seit Jahrhunderten hatte man so vor allem die Zuständigkeit eines Richters für einen bestimmten Fall bezeichnet: «le droit qui appartient à un juge de prendre connoissance d’une affaire», wie es noch wenige Jahrzehnte vor der Revolution die Enzyklopädie definiert hatte.2 Nicht nur die Bürger hatte die Revolution zu Freien und Gleichen gemacht, indem sie die feudalen Privilegien abschaffte. Auch die Unterschiede zwischen den Amtsträgern schienen mit einem Mal aufgehoben.
Rechtsdruck in Preußen
Authors: Johann Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Schornsteine waren zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts eine kostspielige Angelegenheit in der Oberlausitz. Seit der Frühen Neuzeit gab es hier die Rauchsteuer. 23 Reichsthaler, 27 Silbergroschen und 7 Pfennige trieb das gutsherrliche Klosterstift zu «L.» für jeden einzelnen Rauchfang des Ortes Wünschendorf (heute Srbská) in den Jahren 1802 bis 1839 ein. Die Forderung entpuppte sich allerdings als überhöht. Das Stift lieferte nur einen Teil an die Landessteuerkasse ab und strich den beträchtlichen Rest ein. Doch die Klage des Bauern «M.» auf Rückzahlung des überschüssigen Betrags wurde vom Revisionsgericht in Glogau (heute Głogów) abgewiesen. Denn es gelte ein spezielles, allein in der Oberlausitz nachweisbares Gewohnheitsrecht, demnach Gutsherren Steuerüberschüsse in die eigene Kasse abführen durften. Ein solches Provinzialrecht hielt wiederum «M.» für frei erfunden. Preußens höchster Gerichtshof, der sich des Falls 1851 annahm, stand vor einem Dilemma. Wie war zu ermitteln, was in Wünschendorf als provinzialrechtliche Norm galt? Und überhaupt: Wie ging man mit ungeschriebenen Rechtsregeln um?
The Confrontation Between the Russian State and the Chingizid States: Macrosociological and Historical Aspects
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Ierusalimskiy Yuri Yu. ,   Moscow Region State University, Popov Grigoriy G. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (RANEPA)
Published: February 2023

Domestic history of the 13th-17th centuries contains important controversial aspects concerning, among other things, the problem of the confrontation between the Russian lands and the Chingizid states. The article focuses on the consequences of the collision of Russia with the Mongol Empire and its heirs - the Chingizid states. The authors believe that, in the 16th century, the Moscow state experienced a stage of high military tension, which was associated, among other things, with military operations against the Crimean, Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberian khanates. The high financial burden on the Russian principalities is emphasized due to tributary payments to the Golden Horde. The authors note the positive significance of the changes that took place in the military logistics of the Moscow state. The article examines the reasons for the effectiveness of the “cannon and musket revolutions” in the context of the confrontation between Moscow and the Chingizids. The “cannon and musket revolutions”, which were part of the “gunpowder revolution”, were not in themselves factors of the progress of society and an increase in its defense for Russia, they became such only in combination with socioeconomic, cultural, and spiritual changes. The Moscow principality managed to achieve national unity in the territories subject to it already at the end of the Mongol period. In many respects, the national unity of the Russians turned out to be due to the religion common to all the East Slavic lands, the disappearance of division into tribes in the Kiev period, the development of uniform methods of organizing economic activity and agricultural technologies. The Chingizid states outside Mongolia had an “alien” character, which ultimately led to disintegration in their societies, vivid examples of which are the rebellions in the Kazan and Crimean khanates, as well as in the Golden Horde itself. The authors emphasize that the liberation of Russia from long-term dependence on the Golden Horde was the result not so much of transformations in military affairs as the creation of a single Russian centralized state, the revival and further effective socioeconomic development of the Russian lands, the growth of agriculture and handicrafts, primarily metallurgical production, and national identity. Domestic history of the 13th-17th centuries shows that progress is not only the fruits of the work of various technologies, but a complex multifactorial process, including, first of all, successful economic development, a powerful centralized state, and the Russian national spirit, whose awakening is evidenced by the literary monuments of the Kulikovo cycle, the Tale of the Stand on the Ugra, and folklore tradition.
“Our Party Is Science”: On the Causes and Consequences of the Party's Interference in Agricultural Science in the Soviet Union
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Rychkov Aleksandr V.
Published: February 2023

Through the prism of the historical and anthropological approach, which presupposes the important role of ideological and worldview factors in the life of society, the article examines the reasons for party interference in agricultural scientific knowledge and analyzes its consequences. Initially, this interference was caused by the ideas existing in society about the relationship between biological and social processes, which led to the party structures' support of scientists who defended the decisive influence of the external environment on the formation of heredity of crops and animals. These ideas were considered as an additional justification for the possibility of social transformation on socialist grounds, provided that the social basis changes and the individualistic psychology in people's minds is overcome. However, the precedent of “ideological” interference in agricultural science served as the basis for further steps in this direction and on problems that did not have a political and ideological “sound”. Party interference in the field of agricultural scientific knowledge manifested itself in the authorization of certain developments, in the initiation of “projects” that subsequently received “scientific” substantiation, in the bureaucratization of the implementation of the most important scientific and production programs, as happened with the program for the development of virgin and fallow lands. At the same time, the ideological factor gradually lost its significance, and a utilitarian approach was established in the party's attitude to agricultural science, the essence of which was as follows: the party will support the one who “promises” more. As a result of party interference in scientific knowledge, a stereotype of the behavior of scientists “dependent” on decisions “from above” was formed, which affected not only the agrarian science, but also other natural sciences. At the same time, an anti-scientific psychology was formed among production workers, who were forced not so much to follow scientific recommendations as to evade their implementation. As a result, the possibilities of scientific and technological progress were limited, production indicators in the agricultural sector worsened. Overcoming the mistakes made since the mid-1960s opened up opportunities for accelerating the integration of agricultural science and production. In the USSR, there appeared specific “oases” of agrarian well-being, with quite “harmonious” relations between agricultural science and production. However, the negative scenario of the country's development did not allow the positive trends that had been identified to be fully realized.
Cyberspace as a New Crime Environment
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Efremova Irina A. , Smuskin Aleksandr B. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Donchenko Aleksandr G. ,   Saratov State Law Academy, Matushkin Pavel A. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze the cybernetic space as a new environment of crime and to develop a definition apparatus based on it. The material of the study was: international acts, the current legislation of the Russian Federation, scientific literature. The methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition. In addition, the authors used general (analysis and synthesis, logical, system-structural methods) and specific (formal-legal) scientific methods of cognition. The authors note that, in the Russian legal literature, there is no single position regarding the definition of the cybernetic space and the unambiguity of its interpretation. Various approaches to the definition of the term “cybernetic space” are considered. Another vision of the term is presented. The authors state that the “virtual reality” and the cybernetic space are distanced; the cybernetic space is a multidimensional category that has philosophical, social, psychological, criminalistic, criminal-legal, criminological, and other dimensions. The features of the cybernetic space (digitalization, virtualization of reality, interactivity, hyperlink and distribution function) are revealed. The authors analyze the material, informational, social, and psychological aspects of the cybernetic space, as well as the concept of cyberspace in criminalistics; identify the tasks of criminalistics at the present stage of the cybernetic space's formation and development; formulate the definition of the cybercrime; determine the correlation of cyberspace with other related categories. The authors conclude that the cybernetic space is a generalized name for a system of software tools and documentary files arranged in accordance with certain protocols of automated information processing, located in the memory of electronic digital devices or electronic digital information in the process of transmission in any available way, or information distributed in a computer system or network. The lack of a legal regulation of the cybernetic space entails cybercrimes - crimes, infringing on various social relations protected by the current criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, committed in the cybernetic space through computer, electronic, multimedia input devices.
Biological Materials and Genetic Data Circulation: Civil Law Regulation
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Imekova Maria P.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the features of civil regulation of biological materials and genetic data under the legislation of the Russian Federation. To achieve this aim, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, as well as scientific literature, were studied. The methodological basis of the study was general and specific scientific research methods. The formal legal and comparative legal methods were widely used to determine the turnover of biomaterials and associated genetic information, as well as the features of their legal regime. As a result of the study, it has been established that, from the standpoint of Russian civil legislation, biomaterials are free objects of civil law in circulation (with the exception of biomaterials used in the field of transplantation and for the purposes established by the Federal Law “On Biomedical Cell Products”). It has been inferred that this approach does not take into account the essential feature of biomaterials: they are sources (means of transmission) of genetic information of a personal nature. For this reason, they should be subject to legal regimes of privacy and personal data secrecy, and their use should be subject to the prior informed consent of their donors. The proposed legal regulation of public relations arising from biomaterials will not only allow restricting their circulation, but also protect the rights and legitimate interests of their donors. Genetic information extracted from biomaterials is proposed to be conditionally subdivided into two types: genetic information and genetic data. The legal significance of this classification lies in the fact that it will take into account the peculiarities of the legal regime of each of the selected type of genetic information, including their turnover capacity. Genetic information, since it contains personal information, should be subject to legal regimes of privacy and personal data. In this connection, any use of such information should be carried out only with the prior information consent of their donor. Due to its impersonal nature, genetic data do not fall under the legal regime of privacy and are not considered personal. Genetic data, by virtue of their intangible nature, are, like the results of intellectual activity and marketing designations, objects of civil law withdrawn from circulation; however, absolute property rights to them are transferable.
Separatism as a Kind of Extremism: A Socio-Philosophical Analysis
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Izluchenko Tatyana V. , Gergilev Denis N. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the need to develop effective management decisions in the field of countering extremist activities. One of the most dangerous manifestations of extremism is separatism based on religious fundamentalism and nationalism and using terror and violent actions as the main methods. The aim of the work is a socio-philosophical analysis of separatism as a sociocultural and political phenomenon constructed within the framework of the postmodern concept. The methodological basis of the work is a socio-philosophical analysis, which allows us to identify goals and objectives, behavioral patterns and establish the dynamics of social relations in separatist associations. The concepts of social psychologists contribute to the definition of the features of the cognitive properties of extremists. Extremist behavior is considered a deviant form of social activity aimed at transforming the current sociopolitical situation, creating a new state, or introducing other forms of administrative and territorial administration. The state defines these actions as illegal activities that violate its territorial integrity. Extremism appears to be a socially and politically dangerous activity committed publicly, individually and/or within an organization with the aim of causing internal political conflicts and social tension by exacerbating interreligious, interethnic, and other kinds of social contradictions. It is expressed in the appropriate style of thinking and patterns of behavior, justified by a transformed religious tradition, nationalist theories, and/or a new interpretation of historical facts. Extremist activity and the corresponding ideology are interdependent; this activity forms cultural perceptions and models of thinking (extremist consciousness). Separatism is expressed in the presence of stable attitudes among the population groups of a territory to the need to expand autonomy and the possibility of independent governance, based on the ideas of their discrimination or illegal, forced inclusion. Secession is purposeful and organized actions to implement the specified moments. The prerequisites are economic and political conditions, and the rationale is sociocultural characteristics. The important role of the demographic factor in the growth of separatist sentiments is noted. On the basis of the economic development of the regions, the specificity of separatist sentiments is noted. Currently, the Russian state is implementing a number of measures to counter separatist manifestations: the consolidation of regions, the creation of macroeconomic zones, and the tightening of anti-extremist legislation.
Theoretical Aspects of the Concept of Historical Cognition by Fernand Braudel
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Tsarev Roman Yu.
Published: February 2023

The article explores the problem of ways and possibilities of theorizing historical knowledge. By analyzing the concept of Fernand Braudel, the author establishes that the heuristic possibilities of historical cognition are not limited to orientation to the empirical component and can be increased by the correct application of theoretical concepts. Two groups of them are implemented in Braudel's concept. In terms of historical ontology, the key element is the idea of the multiplicity of forms of historical time and time of long duration. They allow us to reveal the relationship between the past and the present, to substantiate the existence of a spacetime continuum of the historical process, to explore various realities - the structures of material life, economy, state, local civilizations, and world-economies as social systems. Braudel considers the historical process as total, including any realities embodying the integrity of social existence. In terms of historical epistemology, a decisive role belongs to the idea of an interdisciplinary synthesis of social sciences, the promotion of hypotheses, the presence of which indicates the unity of the empirical and theoretical levels of historical knowledge, the limitations of a purely empirical approach to solving the problems posed. These aspects are largely the development of the methodological ideas of the founders of the Annals school. At the same time, Braudel focuses on the model of structural, not anthropological history, tends to understand the historical process as not only total, but also global, as the study of the macro-level of historical reality. The theoretical model of world-economies, which includes a number of modern system concepts, is crucial for solving these problems. Their explication shows that world-economies are organically integral, complex, hierarchically organized and self-developing systems with non-causal forms of determination and nonlinear dynamics. Braudel understands world history as a system of interactions of world-economies forming a global economic system, irreducible to their simple sum, possessing an irreducible variety of mode of production and local civilizations, the dialectic of micro-level and macro-level processes of historical reality. The study of these aspects allows us to develop an idea of the global space-time structure of the historical process. The study of world-economies allows us to substantiate the existence and reveal the possibilities of a metatheoretical level of historical knowledge, containing schemes that contribute to its theorization, which does not contradict the facts, specifics and tasks of historical knowledge. The novelty of Braudel's concept lies in the fact that entering into a new categorical and methodological apparatus helps to overcome the limitations of historical empiricism through theoretical interpretation of facts, the growth of explanatory possibilities of historical cognition.
Specifics of assessing adult foreign language training for intercultural and interethnic communication
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University, Oberemko Olga G. , Maliutina Elena A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problem of adults' language teaching for intercultural communication. The novelty of the work lies in the scientific substantiation of the priority of the development of adults' cultural identity. The authors determine its levels and the possibility of its development with the introduction of an ethnically oriented approach. International relations, the language policy of the state, the high degree of Russia's involvement in international cooperation, the expansion of interethnic contacts led to the social order of society for foreign language training and retraining of the adult contingent of students. In this article, the authors describe the structural content and highlight the levels of cultural self-identity of adult learners, and analyze the possibility of introducing the author's ethnically oriented approach into additional adult language education. In order to test the effectiveness of using the elaborated methodology for the development of cultural self-identity of adults on the basis of ethnically oriented, competence-based, communicative-cognitive, personal-activity and linguistic approaches, in the 2019-2020 academic year, the first series of experimental training was conducted for students of the Communicative English Course for Adults program at Nizhny Novgorod Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University. The classroom load was 120 hours. Adult education aimed at the development of cultural identity is based on the following approaches: competence-based, communicative-cognitive, personal-activity, linguo-cultural, ethnically oriented. Cultural self-identity has the following levels: initial, associative-analytical, verbal-analytical, and verbal-creative. The obtained results of experimental training indicate that the training conducted in the experimental group, which aimed at developing cultural identity for effective intercultural and interethnic communication, was successful. Based on the results of the experimental training, it can be concluded that the ethnically oriented approach developed by the authors has a positive impact on the development of the students' cultural identityy. It is necessary to build training on a contrast-comparative basis with the use of an ethnically oriented approach, using a set of exercises, which give adults a real opportunity to compare, analyze, mentally penetrate into the linguistic and cultural phenomena of their country and countries speaking the language adults study.
Conditionality of Anglo-Saxon and Romance-Germanic types of criminal procedure
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Azarenok Nikolay V.
Published: February 2023

The aim of the article is to establish the factors that led to the emergence of the Anglo-Saxon and Romance-Germanic types of criminal procedure. In accordance with the aim, first of all, the conceptual apparatus is determined, in particular, such categories as “model”, “type”, and “form” of the criminal procedure. The author notes that these categories are based on the original conditions of life, which determined in their totality the mentality of the population living there and formed separate nations from it. In this connection, the reasons for the emergence in Europe of two fundamentally different forms of criminal proceedings - adversarial and mixed - should be sought in the mental characteristics of the society of England and the European continent. The author substantiates that geographic and religious factors are backbone for the mentality. Thus, the separation of England from the mainland predetermined its special historical path, associated with the limited influence of the Roman Empire, which allowed the British to preserve their historical identity. Europe, by virtue of its geographical position, has undergone widespread Romanization. This in turn led to religious differences. On the basis of the comparative legal and historical-legal analysis, it is noted that the role of law in European society was subordinate to the authorities, while in England the state acted on the legal field as only one of its subjects, along with private individuals. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that it was the geographical and religious features that led to the different relations between the state and the individual in England and continental Europe, which eventually resulted in the formation of two legal systems with different types of criminal proceedings. This is confirmed by the evolutionary development of unified European criminal proceedings, when after the 17th century, under the influence of geographical and religious factors, the relationship between the state and the individual vertical to the authorities finally prevailed in continental countries, which eventually led to the widespread distribution of a mixed criminal procedure with pre-trial search proceedings. At the same time, in England, on the contrary, horizontal relations were firmly rooted, which excluded the dominance of the public over the private in public life and thus fixed adversarial criminal proceedings.
Fyodor Dostoevsky in the late works of Mikhail Bakhtin
Authors:   Sechenov University, Makovtsev Vladimir S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2023

The author aims to outline the conceptualization of Mikhail Bakhtin's late works. Their essential moment is Bakhtin's specific attitude to works by Fyodor Dostoevsky and to literature as a special part of culture. In this connection, the author understands Bakhtin's philosophy as a philosophy of literature bordering on philosophical anthropology. In the article, using Bakhtin's writings, as well as a number of studies on his works, as material, the author intends to reconstruct the ontological basis of fiction, in the center of which lies the concept of grotesque Bakhtin developed in his book dedicated to Francois Rabelais. Despite the huge amount of literature on Bakhtin's oeuvre, there are no studies on his later works as a separate research space. This applies both to the corpus of texts, since part of the Bakhtin archive has not yet been published and lies in the manuscripts department of the Russian State Library, and to attempts to show the philosophical significance of Bakhtin's late writings by conceptualizing them and bringing them together into a separate intellectual phenomenon. The article attempts to analyze Bakhtin's later works through the prism of his attitude to Dostoevsky's works. The name of Bakhtin is not just associated with the name of Dostoevsky. The Russian philosopher revealed the ontology of Dostoevsky's works, and, since for Bakhtin Dostoevsky's works are the pinnacle of the development of literature, through Dostoevsky's works Bakhtin unfolds literature in its highest manifestation for us. The author substantiates the thesis that the understanding of Bakhtin's late works is based on the ontologization of grotesque, which Bakhtin himself indicates indirectly, not explicitly. The author also shows that Bakhtin sees literature, the subject matter of his research, as a purpose, as a special part of culture that reflects the ultimate embodiment of the human principle, and not an example in his theoretical constructions. Bakhtin's attitude to Dostoevsky is primarily reflected in his book about Dostoevsky in two editions. However, it would be wrong to reduce this attitude only to this book. In a broad sense, all of Bakhtin's philosophical works can be reduced to a certain hermeneutics of Dostoevsky due to the presence of a close and organic connection between concepts and ideas in Bakhtin's works, as well as the fact that Dostoevsky for Bakhtin is a key figure in his philosophical legacy. However, in the present article, based on a late interview, the author of the article reconstructs Bakhtin's thoughts about Dostoevsky that outline, among other things, an important topic in the field of Bakhtin's hermeneutics - the role of Dostoevsky's reader.
The theory of happiness in the 21st century: In search of the socioeconomic foundations
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University, Sukhoverkhov Anton V. , Kalitko Svetlana A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University
Published: February 2023

The article considers the modern revision of the problem of happiness in philosophy, economics, social policy and architecture. It shows that in the 21st century interest has increased in studies of external socioeconomic, environmental and urban planning aspects of happiness. In the article, this view is called externalistic and is contrasted with the earlier internalistic approaches that searched for and developed the internal (mindset-dependent) foundations of happiness. Examples of effective social and economic policies aimed to design external conditions for social well-being and happiness are considered. In the context of modern socioeconomic research, relevant philosophical approaches to happiness and conditions for its achievement are revised. The article juxtaposes theories of happiness as peace of mind and happiness as the pursuit of a dream (self-realization). The second paradigm is actively popularized in the modern society and in business management; however, it gives rise to people's overestimated expectations from and impracticable requirements for themselves. The results of recent research in the field of “happiness economics” demonstrate that happiness has scaled up in recent years from a private task of an individual to a system task that needs to be solved by society and government. Happiness has become a criterion of political and economic efficiency, as well as a significant factor in the company's high productivity and popularity. The article shows that both external (economic, political, environmental) and internal (philosophical, psychological) factors of happiness are broadly used in modern economic “happiness management”. Special attention in the research is paid to new investigations that reveal the dependence of happiness, as well as others human qualities (like altruism or egoism), on reasonably or unreasonably arranged design of the ur-ban/rural environment. The article also stresses that, among Silicon Valley developers, millionaire entrepreneurs and founders of large companies in the United States, the ideas of Stoic philosophy have gained great popularity. This philosophy is used as an effective “operating system” in conditions of constant stress and as a “mental tool” to overcome the fear of death. Stoic ideas of “negative thinking” and “defensive pessimism” are given in the article as examples of such “antistress” methods. Finally, the article cites research that show unique cultures in the world in which happiness is not the highest social value. Such studies allow reconsidering the universality of the category of happiness as a common measure of social well-being.
Doživljaj kontrole u psihologiji: Teorije, metode i istraživanja
Authors: Ljubotina Damir
Published: February 2023

Knjiga predstavlja jedinstven uspjeli pokušaj objedinjavanja različitih koncepata koji se bave kontrolom kako vlastitoga ponašanja i osjećanja, tako i doživljaja izvora i mogućnosti kontrole događaja koji se zbivaju oko nas. Budući da se koncepti kontrole javljaju u najrazličitijim granama psihologije kao što su psihologija ličnosti, kognitivna psihologija, psihologija emocija, motivacije i učenja, razvojna psihologija, psihologija rada, pa i klinička psihologija, ovaj poduhvat autora zaista je hvalevrijedan znanstveni poduhvat. Premda nam se može činiti kako je o konceptu mjesta ili lokusa kontrole sve već davno poznato i istraženo, autor nam pokazuje koliko smo u krivu i koliki su još brojni metodološki problemi vezani uz taj koncept.
Violence against Female Domestic Workers in Kuwait
Authors: Alanezi Fawaz , Al Saleh Amer
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine the types and severity of violence and abuse encountered by female domestic workers in Kuwait. Methodologically, the study employed a quantitative approach. This study found that in terms of ethnicity and origin, Philippine and Sri-Lankan females dominated the social care and domestic workers sector in Kuwait. The statistical analysis showed that 82 % encountered physical abuse; 45%, sexual abuse; 88 %, psychological abuse; and 70 %, battering abuse. The paper recommends changes to Kuwaiti criminal laws to include proper prosecution of those who abuse domestic workers. It also recommends the implementation of proper protective mechanisms for these female workers.
Humanitarian Populism
Authors: Nikulin Alexander , Trotsuk Irina
Published: February 2023

Review of: Ely C. (2022) Russian Populism: A History, Bloomsbury Publishing. 254 p. Citation: Nikulin A., Trotsuk I. (2022)
Carl Schmitt, Erik Peterson, and Giorgio Agamben: the war for Christian political theology
Authors: Nekhaenko Fedor
Published: February 2023

Power and its sources have always been essential questions for political philosophy. One of the ways to legitimize power is political theology which was discussed at length during the XX century. The proposed paper considers Christian political theology as a project constructed by Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben. Both thinkers defended their models and criticized their main “enemy”, Erik Peterson. While Schmitt believed in Christian legitimization for the status quo and Agamben dreamed of the coming community without an identity, Peterson argued that Christian doctrines (Trinity, Parousia, etc.) deem any political authority meaningless. A majority of researchers scrutinized and critically evaluated the level of theoretical arguments of the aforementioned thinkers. On the contrary, we have chosen to analyze all of the key and referenced theologians (Paul, Eusebius, Eunomius, Gregory of Nyssa, and Augustine) to prove that Schmitt-Agamben’s notion of Christian political theology is controversial. Like Peterson with Eusebius, Schmitt and Agamben employed loose translations in trying to integrate their ideas (sovereignty, absolute anarchy) into original Christian texts. The detailed analysis allows the paper to deliver a kind of negative conclusion that Christian political theology has no ground in the sources these thinkers have credited. Nevertheless, our research calls for a new round of discussion: was this critique caused by Christian sources selected inappropriately by Schmitt, Peterson, and Agamben, or by the essential incompatibility between Christianity and political theology? Polemics might get a new “positive” horizon with the help of this question.
Protocols forthe genome assembly and annotation of the Bungarus multicinctus v1
Authors: Liu Boyang
Published: February 2023

Background: Snakes are one of the most important wildlife resources and are widely distributed. Bungarus multicinctus is a highly venomous snake and is distributed in central and southern China. In recent years, venomous snake bites have gradually increased. Genomic resources are significant for understanding the evolution of a specie and the molecular mechanisms of toxin production. Find: Here we present a highly- continuous genome assembly of B. multicinctus. The genome size of B. multicinctus is 1.51Gb. The maximal length of scaffold is 39.68M and the N50 length is 6.55M. The B. multicinctus has a GC content of 37.8%.
MIXED VIRAL INFECTIONS IN VEGETABLES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Shevchenko Tetiana , Bederak Rehina ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Taher Kyrylo ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Snihur Halyna ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Shevchenko Oleksiy ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: February 2023

Aim. Screening of vegetable crops for mixed viral infections caused by 8 viruses, and evaluation of relative share for different combinations of pathogens using serological methods for plant virus diagnostics. Methods. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was performed for detection of viral antigens. Results. For this study, the samples from plants with virus-like symptoms were collected from the agroecosystems in 4 regions of Ukraine during three vegetative seasons in 2019-2021. Plant samples were tested for presence of the following viruses: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), watermelon mosaiс virus 2 (WMV2), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tobacco rattle virus (TRV), potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus X (PVX), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Among the screened plants with virus-like symptoms, three viruses were the most common: CMV, WMV2 and ZYMV, with the incidence rate of 32%, 33% and 29%, respectively. Apart from monoinfected plants, several patterns of mixed infections were shown typically induced by two and less commonly by three viruses (CMV+WMV2+ZYMV). From these patterns of mixed infections, five groups of pathogens were registered. Conclusions. In this work, we have analyzed cucurbit and solanaceous vegetable crops with virus-like symptoms for viral infections caused by 8 pathogens, and established virus combinations inducing mixed infections in the field. Five groups of pathogens were demonstrated as such combinations: CMV+ToMV, CMV+PVY, CMV+WMV2, CMV+ZYMV, and WMV2+ZYMV, with CMV+ToMV being the most common for tested plants. Also, there was one group of pathogens formed by three viruses CMV+WMV2+ZYMV. CMV has been shown present in every group of mixed viral infections in plants from both families, Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. The incidence rate for these combinations differed from 4 to 8%. The presented results are important in the context of ecology and epidemiology of viral diseases of vegetables.
sujeito fragmentado
Authors: Munhoz Estella Maria Bortoncello , Alves Márcio Miranda
Published: February 2023

Este artigo analisa o conto brasileiro “Nos olhos do intruso”, de Rubens Figueiredo, e sua relação com a pós-modernidade. Por meio da temática do duplo, observa-se o comportamento do protagonista e sua identidade multifacetada. O aporte teórico do trabalho é baseado nos estudos de Harvey (2008), Hall (1986), Lyotard (2009), Rosset (2008) e outros autores. Constata-se que a estranheza causada pelo enredo e as polissemias da narrativa dialogam com os conceitos da pós-modernidade, segundo os quais os sujeitos são caracterizados por identidades efêmeras e fragmentadas. Conclui-se que o protagonista do conto pode ser visto como um representante da pós-modernidade: um sujeito múltiplo, móvel, descentrado, deslocado, intruso em seu próprio meio e em seu próprio corpo.