bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silicon Quantum Dots: Promising Theranostic Probes for the Future
Authors: Sivasankarapillai Vishnu Sankar , Jose Jobin , Shanavas Muhammad Salman , Marathakam Akash , Uddin Md. Sahab , Mathew Bijo
Published: April 2019

Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the leading research areas involving nanoscale manipulation
of atoms and molecules. During the past decade, the growth of nanotechnology has been
one of the most important developments that have taken place in the biomedical field. The new generation
nanomaterials like Quantum dots are gaining much importance. Also, there is a growing interest
in the development of nano-theranostics platforms in medical diagnostics, biomedical imaging, drug
delivery, etc. Quantum dots are also known as nanoscale semiconductor crystals, with unique electronic
and optical properties. Recently, silicon quantum dots are being studied extensively due to their
less-toxic, inert nature and ease of surface modification. The silicon quantum dots (2-10nm) are comparatively
stable, having optical properties of silicon nanocrystals. This review focuses on silicon
quantum dots and their various biomedical applications like drug delivery regenerative medicine and
tissue engineering. Also, the processes involved in their modification for various biomedical
applications along with future aspects are discussed.
Chemistry, Analysis, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Aspects of Lorcaserin, a Selective Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Agonist: An Update
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Aware Komal S. , Hatware Ketan , Patil Kiran
Published: April 2019

This review refers to the all-inclusive details of Lorcaserin Hydrochloride on comprehensive information about the synthesis, analytical methods, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and adverse effects. Lorcaserin Hydrochloride is chemically (R)-8-Chloro-1-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride. Lorcaserin HCl is a novel, synthetic, centrally-acting selective serotonin C (5-HT2c) receptor, l agonist, which results in increased satiety and decreased food consumption in patients. Headache, dizziness and nausea are the most common side effects associated with this drug. Lorcaserin HCl has two major metabolites, one conjugated with glucuronide called N-carbamoyl glucuronide which is excreted in urine and the second Lorcaserin N-sulfamate, which is circulated in the blood. Lorcaserin HCl is synthesized using four different schemes of which a six-step method that resulted in 92.3% yield with 99.8% of purity is employed for scale-up production. It is analyzed quantitatively in the plasma and brain tissue matrix of rats by Ultra Performance Liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method using MS-MS (Mass Spectrometric) detection.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Site Specific Short Chain Cationic Peptide
Authors: Sharma Ravi D. , Jain Jainendra , Khosa Ratan L.
Published: April 2019

Background:

In spite of current progress in treatment methods, cancer is a major source of
morbidity and death rate all over the world. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents aim to divide cancerous
cells, are often associated with deleterious side effects to healthy cells and tissues. Host defense peptides
Cecropin A and B obtained from insects are capable to lyses various types of human cancer cells at peptide
concentrations which are not fatal to normal eukaryotic cells.

Methods:

In the present work we have designed short chain α-helical linear and cyclic peptide from cecropin
A having same cationic charge, hydrophobicity and helicity. Synthesis of designed novel short chain
linear (10) and cyclic compound (12) was accomplished by using solution phase method. All the coupling
reactions were carried out by using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling reagent at room temperature
in the presence of N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as the base. The Structure of newly synthesized
peptidse were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, FABMS and elemental analysis data.Cytotoxicity
of synthesized compound was tested against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA), Ehrlich’s Ascites
Carcinoma (EAC) and MCF-7 cell lines by using MTT assay and 5-FU as reference compound.

Results:

From biological assessment,it was found that short chain cyclicpeptide12 showed high level of
cytotoxic activity against DLA and EAC cell lines.

Conclusion:

By utilizing a structure-based rational approach to anticancer peptide design from cecropin
A, we were able to develop short chain linear and cyclic peptides having same charge, hydrophobicity
and with improved activity. Systematically removing amino acids, we were able to retaining peptide
charge and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity in linear and cyclic peptide which results to optimize the anticancer
activity against DLA and EAC cell lines.
Efficient Route for Synthesis of Enamines from 1,3-Alkyl-2-Thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione Enols
Authors: Sharma Anamika , Almarhoon Zainab M. , El-Faham Ayman , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando
Published: April 2019

Here we report a greener approach for the synthesis of enamines from enols of 1,3-alkyl-2-
thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione (thiobarbituric acid) acid using ammonium chloride and
ethanol as solvents. This protocol removes the need for catalysts or harsh conditions.
Microbiological Diagnosis of Skeletal System Infections in Children
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo
Published: April 2019

Background:

If not timely diagnosed and adequately treated, skeletal system infections in children may result in severe and permanent disability. Prompt identification of the etiology of the disease and determination of its antibiotic susceptibility are crucial for the successful management of septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and spondylodiscitis. However, the bacteriological diagnosis of these infections has been traditionally limited by the low yield of conventional cultures and, on average, one-third of cases of pediatric joint and bone infections remained unconfirmed.

Objective:

To review the medical literature to summarize the current approach diagnosing the pediatric skeletal system infections.

Methods:

The relevant publications for the last three decades were reviewed.

R:

In recent years, the detection of skeletal system pathogens has been revolutionized by the use of improved laboratory methods, including seeding of synovial fluid and bone exudates into blood culture vials, and the development and implementation of sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays. These advances have resulted in the recognition of Kingella kingae as the predominant etiology of hematogenous infections of bones, joints, intervertebral discs and tendon sheaths in children aged 6-48 months, and reduced the fraction of culture-negative osteoarthritis.

:

As the exudate and tissue samples obtained from young children with skeletal system infections are frequently insufficient for a comprehensive laboratory workup, physicians should take in consideration the patient’s age, predisposing medical conditions and possible exposure to zoonotic organisms, and use a judicious combination of Gram’s stain, culture on blood culture vials, and molecular tests to maximize the microbiological diagnosis of these diseases.
Recent Advances in Plant Nanobionics and Nanobiosensors for Toxicology Applications
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Hasan Dad , Lavhale Santosh , Kalunke Raviraj M. , Srivastava Prabhakar L. , Pandit Vaibhav , Gade Subodh , Yadav Sanjay , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas , Gemmati Donato , Zamboni Paolo , Singh Ajay Vikram
Published: April 2019

Emerging applications in the field of nanotechnology are able to solve a gamut of problems surrounding the applications of agroecosystems and food technology. Nano Engineered Material (NEM) based nanosensors are important tools for monitoring plant signaling pathways and metabolism that are nondestructive, minimally invasive, and can provide real-time analysis of biotic and abiotic threats for better plant health. These sensors can measure chemical flux even at the singlemolecule level. Therefore, plant health could be monitored through nutrient management, disease assessment, plant hormones level, environmental pollution, etc. This review provides a comprehensive account of the current trends and practices for the proposed NEM related research and its (i) structural aspect, (ii) experimental design and performance as well as (iii) mechanisms of field application in agriculture and food system. This review also discusses the possibility of integration of data from NEM based nanosensors in current and emerging trends of precision agriculture, urban farming, and plant nanobionics to adopt a sustainable approach in agriculture.
Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Potential Candidate in The Prevention of Cancer by Modulating Various Cell Signalling Pathways
Authors: Almatroodi Saleh A. , Alsahli Mohammed A. , Almatroudi Ahmad , Rahmani Arshad H.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Cancer is a multi-factorial disease including alterations in the cell signalling pathways. Currently, several drugs are in use to treat cancer but such drugs show negative side effects on normal cells and cause severe toxicity.

Methods:

The current research is mainly focused on medicinal plants with potential therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer without any adverse effects on normal cells. In this regard, garlic and its active compounds including diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and allicin have been established to suppress the growth of cancer and killing of cancer cells.

Result:

The review focuses on garlic and its active compounds chemopreventive effect through modulating various cell signalling pathways. Additionally, garlic and its active compound were established to induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and G2/M phases in cancer cells, increase the expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibit the angiogenesis process, induction of apoptosis and modulation of various other genetic pathways.

Conclusion:

This review sketches the diverse chemopreventive activities of garlic and their active ingredients in the management of cancer mainly focusing on cell signalling pathways.
Protein Aggregation in the Cell Nucleus: Structure, Function and Topology
Authors: von Mikecz Anna
Published: April 2019

The nucleus represents a cellular control unit that regulates all events concerning the storage and processing of
DNA and RNA. It is organized by highly crowded, dynamic assemblies of proteins and nucleic acids in molecular
machines, ribonucleoprotein complexes, clusters of ongoing nuclear processes, nuclear bodies, and chromatin. This
review discusses the occurrence of nuclear protein aggregation with special emphasis on the functional architecture of the
nucleus, and quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Optimization of Pectate Lyase Production from Paenibacillus polymyxa N10 using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Songpim Molnapat , Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Chuntranuluck Sawitri
Published: April 2019

The parameters affecting the production of pectate lyase from P. polymyxa N10 were studied using the response surface methodology agitation rate (X1, 100-300 rpm), temperature (X2, 25-45 °C) and pH (X3, 5.5-9.5). The most significant factors influencing enzyme production were temperature and pH. The second order polynomial regression model obtained was fitted and found adequate, with an R2 of 0.9600 (p < 0.001). A maximum pectate lyase activity of 84.5 U/ml was attained in 72 h of cultivation at agitation rate 200 rpm, temperature 35 °C and pH 8. Optimizations of agitation rate and aeration on pectate lyase production were also carried out in a 5-l stirred-tank bioreactor. The aeration rate was varied in the range of 0.5-2 vvm at agitation rate of 200 rpm (temperature 35°C and initial pH 8). At agitation rate of 200 rpm, the shear force was high and then decreased the pectate lyase activity due to its negative effect on the enzyme structure. A maximum pectate lyase activity of 110.42 U/ml in the bioreactor was close to that obtained from the shake flask fermentation study.
New Vistas on Oxidative Damage and Aging
Authors: Hardeland Rudiger , Coto-Montes Ana
Published: April 2019

Age-associated rises in oxidative damage are assumed to be a central phenomenon of aging. Their attenuation is an aim for both healthy aging and life extension. This review intends to critically discuss the potential of anti-oxidant actions, but even more to direct the attention to the modes of radical avoidance and to regulatory networks involved. Mitochondria seem to play a decisive role in radical formation and cellular decline. Avoidance and repair of disruptions in the electron transport chain reduce electron leakage and, thus, oxidative damage. Several low molecular weight compounds, such as melatonin, its metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine, resveratrol, α-lipoic acid, and various mitochondrially targeted nitrones are capable of supporting mitochondrial electron flux. Some of them have been successfully used for extending the lifespan of experimental animals. Importantly, chemopreventive effects of these substances against cancer development should not be confused with a slowing of the aging process. We also focus on connections between these compounds and mitochondrial biogenesis, including the roles of sirtuins and signaling via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, the participation of the circadian oscillator system in radical avoidance, as well as the potentially beneficial or detrimental effects of NO, as either a regulator or a source of mitochondrial dysfunction. Especially in the central nervous system, anti-excitatory actions by melatonin, kynurenic acid and theanine are discussed, which seem to prevent calcium overload that results in mitochondrial dysfunction. New findings on direct binding of melatonin to the amphipathic ramp of Complex I may indicate an additional regulatory role in the avoidance of electron leakage.
Automated Irrigation System Based on LoRa and ML for Marginal Farmers
Authors: Loganathan Selvam , Perumal Kavitha
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective::

India is one of the foremost agricultural producers in the world;
on the other hand, the consumption of water for agricultural purposes in India has been among the
highest in the world. Indiscriminate use of inadequate irrigation techniques has led to a critical water
deficit in the country. Now with the development of (IoT) Precision Farming and Precision Irrigation
are becoming very popular. This paper proposes a cost-effective Automated Irrigation System based
on LoRa and Machine Learning, which can be of great help to marginal farmers, for whom agriculture
is hardly a profitable venture, mainly due to water scarcity.

Methods:

In this automated system, LoRa technology is used in Sensor and Irrigation node, in which sensors
collect data on soil moisture and temperature and send it to the server through a LoRa gateway. Then
the data is fed into a Machine Learning algorithm, which leads to correct prediction of the soil status.

Results:

Hence, the field needs to be irrigated only if and when it is needed.

Conclusion:

The system can be remotely monitored using a web application that can be accessed by
a mobile phone.
Assessment of Temporary Medical Clinics During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Ali Ali Abdalkader , Fathullah Kareem , Abdullatif Hana
Published: April 2019

Background

During mass gatherings, public health services and other medical services should be planned to protect attendees and people living around the venue to minimize the risk of disease transmission. These services are essential components of adequate planning for mass gatherings. The Arbaeenia mass gathering signifies the remembrance of the death of Imam Hussain, celebrated by Shiite Muslims, and takes place in Karbala, which is a city in southern Iraq. This annual mass gathering is attended by millions of people from within and outside Iraq.

Objective

This study aimed to map the availability of medical supplies, equipment, and instruments and the health workforce at the temporary clinics located in Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014.

Methods

This assessment was conducted on the temporary clinics that served the masses walking from Baghdad to Karbala. These clinics were set up by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and some faith-based civil society organizations, locally known as mawakib. We developed a checklist to collect information on clinic location, affiliation, availability of safe water and electricity, health personnel, availability of basic medical equipment and instruments, drugs and other supplies, and average daily number of patients seen by the clinic.

Results

A total of 30 temporary clinics were assessed: 18 clinics were set up by the Ministry of Health of Iraq and 12 by other governmental organizations and NGOs. The clinics were staffed by a total of 44 health care workers. The health workers served 16,205 persons per day, an average of 540 persons per clinic, and 368 persons per health care worker per day. The majority of clinics (63% [19/30]-100% [30/30]) had basic medical diagnostic equipment. Almost all clinics had symptom relief medications (87% [26/30]-100% [30/30]). Drugs for diabetes and hypertension were available in almost half of the clinics. The majority of clinics had personal hygiene supplies and environmental sanitation detergents (78%-90%), and approximately half of the clinics had medical waste disposal supplies. Instruments for cleansing and dressing wounds and injuries were available in almost all clinics (97%), but only 4 clinics had surgical sterilization instruments.

Conclusions

Although temporary clinics were relatively equipped with basic medical supplies, equipment, and instruments for personal medical services, the health workforce was insufficient, given the number of individuals seeking care, and only limited public health service, personal infection control, and supplies were available at the clinics.
O SENTIDO DO TRABALHO DOS GARIS COLETORES DE RESÍDUOS DOMICILIARES
Authors: Matos Tissiany Melo , Lima Tereza Cristina Batista de , Paiva Luis Eduardo Brandão , Ferraz Serafim Firmo de Souza
Published: April 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo, portanto, investigar os sentidos do trabalho no campo profissional dos garis coletores de resíduos domiciliar. A escolha desse tema se deu devido a importância desse serviço e do coletor de resíduos para a sociedade, bem como a percepção deste sobre o sentido de trabalho que executa, nos âmbitos individual, organizacional e social. O referencial teórico abordou o trabalho, sentidos e significados do trabalho e o modelo das dimensões do sentido do trabalho, que foi utilizado para a elaboração do instrumento de pesquisa, com o propósito de atender aos objetivos específicos analisando as dimensões individual, organizacional e social do trabalho na perspectiva do trabalhador gari coletor. Tratou-se, então, de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com uma amostra de 15 trabalhadores do serviço de coleta de resíduo domiciliar da cidade de Fortaleza, escolhidos aleatoriamente. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho possui sentido positivo para esses trabalhadores nas três dimensões de análise, permitindo o crescimento profissional, a valorização, o reconhecimento e a autorrealização do indivíduo. Em contrapartida, constataram-se relações negativas nas unidades de contexto reconhecimento contributivo perante a sociedade e autonomia do trabalhador. De modo geral, os resultados contribuem para se ter uma maior compreensão sobre os sentidos do trabalho dos garis coletores de resíduos domiciliares.
FATORES IMPACTANTES NO DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL: PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM MODELO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Dias Deise Taiana de Ávila , De Toni Deonir
Published: April 2019

A busca por um melhor desempenho organizacional é uma prática que intriga muitos pesquisadores e gestores das organizações. As questões centrais que norteiam esta pesquisa são: Por que algumas organizações possuem um melhor desempenho que outras? E quais são os construtos e dimensões que estão relacionados ao desempenho organizacional? Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em identificar as dimensões e os construtos que podem explicar melhor o desempenho organizacional. A base teórica desta pesquisa foi composta pela Teoria Baseada em Recursos e pela Teoria das Capacidades Dinâmicas. O construto desempenho organizacional é composto pelas dimensões: financeira, desempenho de mercado e retorno aos acionistas. O construto gestão dos recursos é composto pelas dimensões: recursos operados e recursos operantes. O construto orientação empreendedora é composto pelas dimensões: inovatividade, assunção de riscos, proatividade, autonomia, agressividade competitiva e rede de relações. O construto  capacidades dinâmicas é composto pelas dimensões: capacidade gerencial, capacidade mercadológica e capacidade ambidestra. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo destaca-se primeiro, a evolução da compreensão das dimensões que influenciam no desempenho organizacional, segundo, pretende-se agregar mais direcionadores que impactam no desempenho organizacional, com o intuito de incentivar as práticas de gestão dos recursos e capacidades nas organizações.
CULTO ÀS TRADIÇÕES HISTÓRICAS X GASTO PÚBLICO: UM DILEMA DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR MILITAR
Authors: Vianna Junior Antonio João De Oliveira , Franco Bruno Brettas , Reis Elen Maiara dos Santos , Abreu Júlio César Andrade de
Published: April 2019

A narrativa apresenta o dilema de um Comandante de uma Escola militar cujos valores do culto aos heróis e as tradições são materializados através do uso de um uniforme histórico peculiar. O questionamento paira sobre o pensamento do comandante que tem de decidir entre realizar mudanças que acarretam uma economia significativa nos cofres públicos e uma gestão logística mais eficiente ou manter a sistemática atual em prestígio às tradições. Neste contexto, alterar a estratégia de aquisição e gestão dos referidos uniformes coloca em risco a apresentação individual dos alunos, principal cartão de visitas na recepção de autoridades e civis que constantemente inspecionam e orientam o Estabelecimento de Ensino. A redução do emprego de recursos públicos pode causar prejuízos a própria carreira do comandante pois sua avaliação por superiores pode ser influenciada. E agora? como agir?
DISCORDANT RESPONSE OF CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Shmagel K. V.
Published: April 2019

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected patients generally results in the suppression of viral replication and reconstitution of CD4+ T lymphocytes cell counts. In some patients (about 20%), however, a disturbance in regeneration of immune competent cells with a background of low viral load occurs. The term «immunological nonresponders» has been used to describe this phenomenon. Discordant immune response to antiviral therapy may be caused by increasing of depletion and reducing of production of CD4+ T cells. However, mechanisms for low immune reconstitution are not currently well understood. «Immunological nonresponders» exhibit booster lymphocyte proliferation, increased immune activation and reducing of CD4+ T lymphocytes survival time in comparison with patients with concordant response to the therapy. Their immune system is characterized by more pronounced aging and exhaustion. This leads to early and frequent manifestation of AIDSrelated diseases. Besides, immunological nonresponders have an increased risk of non-AIDS-related diseases due to pronounced systemic inflammation. The objective of the present review was to highlight the important problem that is rather common on аntiretroviral therapy and to enlist the specialists to the solving of this issue.
JUSTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR PLANNED PARENTHOOD IN HIVSERODISCORDANT COUPLES
Authors: Gordon E. O. , Posokhova L. A. , Podymova A. S. , Yastrebova E. B.
Published: April 2019

Work objective: justification and development of algorithm for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood, including using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Sverdlovsk region territory. Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained from the materials of personal registration of people living with AIDS in State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS». 27 thousands of women of reproductive age and 31 thousands of men diagnosed with HIV infection were revealed in the region as of the end of 2018. On the basis of infectious disease department of State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS» a retrospective chart review for HIV-serodiscordant couples planning parenthood was held with using ART or the natural way. Statistical processing of data was carried out using Statistica 6 software. Results and discussion. The results of the survey showed the necessity of observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples from the stage of planning parenthood. Characteristics of partners were described with account for age, epidemiological anamnesis, laboratory parameters and final outcomes of conception with using ART or the natural way. Conclusion. Necessity of development of algorithms for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood was shown as these algorithms allow to determine case follow-up approach with the involvement of infectious disease physician and obstetrician-gynaecologist.
THE PREVALENCE OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B AMONG HBSAG-NEGATIVE PERSONS WITH HIV IN VELIKY NOVGOROD
Authors: Ostankova Yu. O. , Semenov A. V. , Zueva E. B. , Totolian A. A.
Published: April 2019

Aim: to estimate the prevalence of the occult hepatitis B virus among HIV-infected patients with the virological ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in Veliky Novgorod. Materials and methods. Blood plasma samples from 76 HBsAg-negative HIVinfected patients with virological inefficiency of antiretroviral therapy from Veliky Novgorod were used in the work. For the detection of the hepatitis B virus, nucleic acids were isolated using the commercial kit AmplePrime Ribo-prep. For amplification and sequencing, overlapping pairs of specific primers were used, jointly flanking a 1475 base pair fragment including the 1169 base pair Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S region recommended for genotyping the hepatitis B virus. Results. Among 76 samples of hepatitis B virus DNA, 44 samples were found, which was 57,89%. None of the patients had HBsAg, and 6 patients (13,63%) had HBcor IgG and HBe IgG antibodies. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it was shown that only genotype D, which is the most common genotype of the hepatitis B virus in the Russian Federation, was detected in the examined group. The subgenotype D2 (47,72%) prevailed in comparison with the subgenotype D1 (34,09%) and the subgenotype D3 (18,18%). The distribution possible ways of the subgenotype D1 hepatitis B virus, which is uncharacteristic for the region, are discussed. Only one isolate of hepatitis B virus with mutations of drug resistance to nucleotide / nucleoside analogue therapy has been identified — amino acid substitution in the polymerase gene of the virus (L180M, M204V) associated with the development of resistance to lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir. Conclusion. The high prevalence of occult hepatitis B among HIVinfected patients indicates a lack current tests for the diagnosis of chronic HBV infections. The identification of occult hepatitis B in HIV-infected individuals seems appropriate for timely treatment of patients and requires the use more sensitive methods.
SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Manapova E. R. , Fazylov V. H. , Beshimov A. T.
Published: April 2019

Sexually-transmitted infections are among the most well-known risk factors for HIV infection. The problem of combined diseases of STIs and HIV in infected people is represented by few works in the domestic scientific literature, therefore further study of this issue is required. Objective: to identify the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected patients at the time of registration. Materials and methods. 49 clinical histories of patients with HIV infection were analyzed and studied at the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Results. STIs with the prevalence of urogenital chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis in the oligosymptomatic clinical course were registered in 63% of patients (predominantly women — 67% of cases) with HIV infection in the natural infectious process course. Patients with HIV infection and syphilis showed lower level of CD4 lymphocytes and high levels of HIV RNA viral load.
Yüksek Öğretimde Sanal Gerçeklik Kullanımı ile İlgili Yapılan Araştırmalara Yöne
Authors: Şimşek İrfan
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışma; sanal gerçeklik ile ile ilgili kavram farklılıklarını gidermeyi ve sanal gerçeklik ile ilgili yüksek öğretimde yapılan çalışmaları farklı değişkenler açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla 2013 – 2018 yılları arasında SCOPUS, ERIC ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarında hem Türkçe hem de İngilizce dillerinde “sanal gerçeklik ve eğitim”, “sanal gerçeklik ve yabancı dil eğitimi” ve “sanal gerçeklik ve yüksek öğretim” olarak hem anahtar kelimede hem de başlıkta arama yapılmış ve toplam 192 adet makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan makalelerin 30 tanesinin sanal gerçeklik ile ilgili olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bunlar içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Toplanan veriler betimsel istatistiki yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre çoğunlukla tıp eğitimi alanında çalışmaların yapıldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmaların çoğunun son üç yılda yapılmış ve çalışmalar genellikle çok yazarlıdır. Geliştirildiği platformlar incelendiğinde Unity programının daha çok tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Kullanılan cihazlara bakıldığında ise sırasıyla Oculus Rift, Samsung Gear ve HTC Vive kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçların sonraki çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Öğretmenlerin Eğitim Denetmenlerine İlişkin Metaforik Algıları
Authors: Vaiz Osman
Published: April 2019

Metafor, bir kavramın başka bir kavram veya olgu ile açıklanması ve algıda seçicilik yaratılmasıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Kıbrıs’ta Kıbrıslı Türk ve Kıbrıslı Rum ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin eğitim denetmenlerine ilişkin algılarını metafor aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmaya, 21 Kıbrıslı Rum ve 32 Kıbrıslı Türk öğretmen katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan,metafor kavramı ile bir kavramın, olgu veya olayın başka bir kavram, olgu veya olaya benzetilerek açıklanması istenmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda örneklem alınırken amaçlı örneklem yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Araştırma amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; her iki toplumda da olumlu metaforların daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır
Yabancı Dil Sınıfı Olarak İngilizcede Kaygıyı Gidermede Dramanın Kullanımı: Bir
Authors: Dimililer Çelen
Published: April 2019

Yabancı dil öğretiminin amaçlarından biri, öğrencilerin o yabancı dili hem sınıf içinde hem de dışında kullanabilmeleri için etkili iletişim adına yetkin olmalarını sağlamaktır. Yabancı dil olarak geleneksel İngilizce (EFL) sınıfları, öğrencilerin yabancı dili akıcı olarak kullanmalarını geliştirmek için dili etkin kullanma fırsatını vermede sınırlıdır. Toplumuzda pek çok yabancı dil eğitimi almalarına rağmen o yabancı dilde konuşamayan ya da dili kullanma konusunda güvensizlik gösteren ve dolayısı ile gerçek iletişim içine giremeyen pek çok üniversite mezunu birey bulunmaktadır. Bu bireyler çevrelerinde konuşulan dili anlayabilmekte ancak pratikte öğrendikleri dili etkili bir şekilde kullanamamaktadırlar. Yabancı dil öğretiminde karşılaşılan bu zorluklar uzun yıllardan beri yaşanmaktadır ve gerek öğretmenler gerekse de araştırmacılar tarafından farklı farklı yöntemler denenmektedir. Okulda okutulan İngilizce’nin kitap İngilizcesi olduğu, gerçek hayatta kullanılan İngilizce’nin farklı olduğu ve İngilizce’nin sınıf ortamında öğrenilemeyeceği gibi fikirler İngilizce öğretmenlerinin sıklıkla karşılaştığı şikayetlerden bazılarıdır. Görüldüğü üzere öğrencilerin günlük hayatta kullanılan İngilizce’ye ilgileri kitap İngilizce’sine kıyasla daha fazladır. Günlük İngilizce’yi sınıfa getirmek yabancı dil olarak İngilizce’yi öğrenen öğrencilerin İngilizce konuşma becerilerini geliştirmek ve akıcı konuşmalarına katkıda bulunması açısından drama aktiviteleri değerli bir araç olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın başlangıç ivmesi, Edebi Terminoloji adı verilen bir lisans sınıfında bu tür eksiklikler tespit edildiğinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmaya, kuzey Kıbrıs'ta özel bir üniversitenin İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı (ELL) Bölümü'nde eğitim gören sekiz genç öğrenci katılmıştır. Drama etkinlikleri, on altı hafta süren bir çalışma olarak ders planına dahil edilmiştir. Veriler, nitel olarak analiz edilmek üzere tüm katılımcılar ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Nitel analiz, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun konuşma kaygısı, kişisel gelişim ve sosyalleşme açısından drama aktivitelerinden yararlandığını ortaya koymuştur.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Motivasyonlarının Sosyal Girişimciliğe Etkisi: Nitel Çözüml
Authors: Erden Hale
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının olumlu ve olumsuz metafor kullanarak motivasyonlarınının sosyal girişimciliğe etkisini belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada, yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik metodoloji altında nitel araştırma paradigması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta bulunan üniversitelerin eğitim fakültesi dördüncü sınıfında öğrenim gören öğrencilerden belirlenen iki grup ile yapılmıştır. Gruplar, ilk veri katılımcıları (Grup 1) ve sonraki veri katılımcıları (Grup 2) şeklinde adlandırılmışlardır. Grup 1’de 60 öğrenci ile odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Grup 2'de ise 60 öğrenci ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan paydaşlardan, sosyal girişimciliği ve öğretmen adaylarının motivasyonunu etkileyen olumlu ve olumsuz metaforları tanımlamaları ve gerekçelerini tam cümle halinde yazılı olarak belirtmeleri istenmiştir. Veri toplama için yorumlayıcı yaklaşım kullanılmış ve veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının olumlu sosyal girişimcilik motivasyonlarını tanımlayan metaforlar köpekbalığı, girişimci ruhu, sevgi ateşi ve becerikli olarak tanımlamıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının olumsuz sosyal girişimcilik motivasyonlarını tanımlayan metaforlar ise, öğretmen adaylarının motivasyonunu sıradan ve yoğun olarak tanımlamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının motivasyonlarının sosyal girişimciliğe etkisine ilişkin model önerisi yapılmıştır.
Optimization of ultrasound - assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp: Identification of phytochemicals using GC-MS
Authors: Karunanithi Anbarasi , Venkatachalam Sivakumar
Published: April 2019

In the present work, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to extract the phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the process variables. The results revealed that UAE have significantly higher TPC (17.41?0.13 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC (6.73?0.19 mg RE/g dW) in comparison with solvent extraction that gave noticeably lower TPC (12.01?0.17 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC = 4.47?0.09 mg RE/g dW). Optimally obtained extracts of wood apple pulp were subjected to phytochemical screening and it was found that bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-(1-buten-3-yl)-serverogenin acetate, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, L-(+)- -ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, cis-vaccenic acid, thiopene, 2-propyl- -phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and octanoic acid were present only in UAE extracts. Since the bioactive component presence is remarkably higher in UAE compared to other techniques, UAE seems to be a better method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp.
Relación del nivel de instrucción educativa con el control glicémico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes del Hospital Alberto Correa Cornejo de enero a diciembre de 2017
Authors: Fernández Freire Miguel , Fernández F Alejandro
Published: April 2019

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad crónica, cuya prevalencia en la población ecuatoriana de 10 a 59 años es de 1.7% misma que va en aumento a partir de los 30 años. El control glicémico de la enfermedad es un punto clave para evitar complicaciones agudas y crónicas, que a su vez tiene un rol fundamental en el ámbito económico del país, por tal motivo consideramos que es importante buscar condiciones que afecten este control glicémico y dentro de estas condiciones el nivel de instrucción educativa podría ser una de las determinantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si existe relación del nivel de instrucción educativa con el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Los materiales y métodos fue la selección de 185 pacientes de los cuales se incluyen en el análisis principal a 141 para medir la relación del nivel de instrucción educativo con el control glicémico, teniendo como indicador el valor hemoglobina glicocilada, obteniendo una relación directamente proporcional, con un chi cuadrado de 3.91. Se concluye que a menor nivel educativo peor control glicémico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Por lo tanto, se requiere mayor intervención en esta área por parte del sistema de salud y educación
Learning Organization Sebagai Prediktor Kesiapan Berubah Organisasi
Authors: Junita Audia , Hermansyur Muhammad
Published: April 2019

As a public service organization, health center changes required to provide quality health services to the community better. One of the factors that affect the formation of organizational readiness for change is a learning organization. Ideally a learning organization can be a learning facility for its members on an ongoing basis and may direct the member to keep the environment abreast. The transform research is performed to assess whether the health center in the city of Medan has been transformed into a learning organization and how it affects the formation of learning organization change readiness of the organization. This research was the study of causality. Location of the study conducted in 13 health centers Inpatient scattered in the district in the city and sample Medan. Population of health workers in health centers is as much as 195 respondents. Data sourced from primary data and were collected using a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is regression technique. The research proves that the health center in the city of Medan has become a form of organizational learning organizations that do good, so too has the readiness to turn into public service organizations in the health sector in accordance with the demands of the times. Dimensions of organizational learning simultaneously changed significantly influence organizational readiness; with dimensions connecting the organization to its environment is the most dominant influence in shaping the organization's readiness for change.
Usulan Model Sistem Pengawasan Syariah Pada Perbankan Syariah Di indonesia
Authors: Baehaqi Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Supervision of Shariah compliance in the Islamic financial institutions is a DPS task This study analyzes and evaluates the compliance monitoring by taking the object of Islamic banking in Indonesia either approach or organizational systems approach. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews with 6 DPS on 6 BUS and secondary data from the report GCG 9 BUS 2011-2012. With inductive approach using content analysis and theoretical analysis, the results of this study indicate that the general practice of sharia compliance monitoring is still not optimal yet. Furthermore, this study proposes a model of supervision using a systems approach that aims to improve the supervision of such compliance. The model proposed in this study not only involve DPS, but also part of compliance, internal audit, and the audit committee of Islamic banking, as well as external audit and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) that acting as banking supervisor to replace BI.Supervision of Shariah compliance in the Islamic financial institutions is a DPS task This study analyzes and evaluates the compliance monitoring by taking the object of Islamic banking in Indonesia either approach or organizational systems approach. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews with 6 DPS on 6 BUS and secondary data from the report GCG 9 BUS 2011-2012. With inductive approach using content analysis and theoretical analysi, the results of this study indicate that the general practice of sharia compliance monitoring is still not optimal yet. Furthermore, this study proposes a model of supervision using a systems approach that aims to improve the supervision of such compliance. The model proposed in this study not only involve DPS, but also part of compliance, internal audit, and the audit committee of Islamic banking, as well as external audit and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) that acting as banking supervisor to replace BI.
Pengaruh Belanja Modal terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dampaknya Pada Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (Studi Empiris Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Aceh)
Authors: Darwanis Darwanis , Saputra Ryanda
Published: April 2019

The research aims to analyze the influence of Capital Expenditure on the original income and its impact on Local Government Financial Performance This research refers to a previous research’s conducted by Fajar Nugroho (2012). Objects of this research are the entire district and city in Aceh province. The research was carried out by the method of documentation. The data used are secondary data, which comes from the realization of the Budget Report Revenue and Expenditure of the district and the city in Aceh province from 2009 until 2012. The results of this study indicate that the Capital Expenditures negatively affect of the region's financial performance directly, whereas indirect positive effect on Capital Spending Growth through Revenue Financial Performance as an intervening variable region. The results of this study indicate that the capital expenditureeffect on the Local original income, Local original income effect on financial performance, capital expenditures does not affect on the financial performance directly, while indirectly capital expenditureeffect on financial performance through local original income.
Pengaruh Minat Masyarakat Aceh terhadap Keputusan Memilih Produk Perbankan Syariah di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Yulianti Rahmah
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to examine the influence the decision to select product Islamic bank, they were because, religious motivation, and service quality. The data were collected by questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents as the active customers of sharia bank in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed by validity and reliability test to evaluate the questionnaire and by linier regression to evaluate the influential factors of those variables. The result showed that religious motives and service quality positively influenced the decision to choose product Islamic Bank.The objective of this study is to examine the influence the decision to select product Islamic bank, they were because, religious motivation, and service quality. The data were collected by questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents as the active customers of sharia bank in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed by validity and reliability test to evaluate the questionnaire and by linier regression to evaluate the influential factors of those variables. The result showed that religious motives and service quality positively influenced the decision to choose product Islamic Bank.
Pengaruh Penerapan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah
Authors: Prasojo Prsojo
Published: April 2019

This study examine the effect the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG) to financial performance of Islamic Bank. GCG is measured using a questionnaire with a sample of employee respondents of Islamic Banks. While financial performance is easured by using financial ratios with proxied CAR, ROA,ROE, BOPO, and FDR. The study included 258 respondents who had participated to fill out a questionnaire. The number of banks that are used samples in this study were many 25 islamic banks. The financial statements are used to study was financial statements or annual report of 2013 published in there bank website. The results this study that GCG has significant positive effect on financial performance proxied with CAR, ROA, ROE, and FDR but GCG has negative significant effect on financial performance proxied with BOPO.
Akuntansi Konservatisme Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Rice Rice , Stephen Stephen
Published: April 2019

This study examine the influence of firm size, firm risk, capital intensity, leverage, tax, litigation, ownership structure, and growth opportunity for accounting conservatism.The study population was 129 manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2011. Based on purposive sampling method, 38 manufaturing companies was selected (or 114 observations). Data was selected from the companies’ financial reports and analysed by using multiple linear regression. This study uncovered that. the firm size, firm risk, capital intensity, leverage, tax, litigation, ownership structure, and growth opportunity have influence for accounting conservatism collectively. But, only firm size, firm risk, capital intensity, ownership structure and growth opportunity affect accounting conservatism individually in the studied companies.
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Independensi Terhadap Kinerja Auditor BPKP Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Yulianti Rahmah , Hamdiah Cut
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of organizational commitment and independency on auditor performance of Government of Internal Auditor. This study used questionnaire as an instrument to collect data. The questionnaires were distributed to auditors in the Government of Internal Auditor, Aceh Office. The number of respondents were 57 who were selected based on purposive sampling method. The data was analysed by using linear regression method. The result unveils that the organizational commitment and audit independency have significant effect on the Government of Internal Auditor.
Peran Auditor Internal dalam Meningkatkan Value Perusahaan dan Tantangannya Di Masa Depan: Suatu Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: Laela Sugiyarti Fatma
Published: April 2019

Lingkungan bisnis yang semakin dinamis yang berdampak pada perubahan operasional bisnis juga direspon oleh audit internal. Audit internal yang pada awalnya difokuskan sebagai penilai independen, kemudian semakin luas fungsi dan perannya untuk memastikan efektifitas internal control dan selanjutnya aktif terlibat dalam proses risk management yang merupakan bagian dari corporate governance. Dengan metode kajian literatur, tulisan ini akan membahas peran penting auditor internal dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Selain keterlibatannya dalam pengembangan sistem pengendalian internal, hasil pekerjaan auditor internal sangat menentukan reliance ekternal audit dan komite audit dalam mengevaluasi dan memeriksa kinerja manajemen. Pekerjaan audit internal menjadi semakin komplek dan rumit yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pekerjaannya. Seiring dengan semakin diversified-nya organisasi dan kemajuan teknologi auditor internal dituntut untuk menguasai pengetahuan yang beragam dan mendalam baik dari sisi general technical knowledge maupun specific technical knoweldge sesuai dengan industrinya. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini juga akan membahas indikator kualitas auditor, tantangan yang dihadapi serta solusinya. Salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitas kerja auditor internal adalah melalui outsourcing fungsi auditÂ  internal.