bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bessere Produktions- und Nutzungsentscheide mit dem Sortierungssimulator SorSim
Authors: Lemm Renato , Holm Stefan , Thees Oliver
Published: October 2013

Better decisions in forest management with the SorSim bucking simulator

To be able to estimate the commercial wood assortment of forests at all times is an important requirement of economical wood production. This makes it possible to improve management decisions by quantifying the revenues of alternative silvicultural and bucking strategies. So far a functional simulaton instrument for bucking single trees and whole stands was missing in forestry and in forest science in Switzerland. The SorSim bucking simulator of the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) fills this gap. SorSim is implemented in Java and is platform-independent. An overview is given how the simulator works. Two examples show applications in practice and science. Of particular value is the possibility of estimating wood assortments of planned harvesting operations based on simple timber marking protocols. Especially in science and in strategic planning, SorSim allows the analysis of the long-term development of revenues of forest stands given different silvicultural methods. Combining SorSim with IT-based harvesting productivity models provides greater insight. Further development of SorSim entails testing different optimization approaches, e.g. single tree bucking to value and whole stand bucking to order.
Local Search Approaches in Stable Matching Problems
Authors: Gelain Mirco , Pini Maria , Rossi Francesca , Venable K. , Walsh Toby
Published: October 2013

The stable marriage (SM) problem has a wide variety of practical applications, ranging from matching resident doctors to hospitals, to matching students to schools or, more generally, to any two-sided market. In the classical formulation, n men and n women express their preferences (via a strict total order) over the members of the other sex. Solving an SM problem means finding a stable marriage where stability is an envy-free notion: no man and woman who are not married to each other would both prefer each other to their partners or to being single. We consider both the classical stable marriage problem and one of its useful variations (denoted SMTI (Stable Marriage with Ties and Incomplete lists)) where the men and women express their preferences in the form of an incomplete preference list with ties over a subset of the members of the other sex. Matchings are permitted only with people who appear in these preference lists, and we try to find a stable matching that marries as many people as possible. Whilst the SM problem is polynomial to solve, the SMTI problem is NP-hard. We propose to tackle both problems via a local search approach, which exploits properties of the problems to reduce the size of the neighborhood and to make local moves efficiently. We empirically evaluate our algorithm for SM problems by measuring its runtime behavior and its ability to sample the lattice of all possible stable marriages. We evaluate our algorithm for SMTI problems in terms of both its runtime behavior and its ability to find a maximum cardinality stable marriage. Experimental results suggest that for SM problems, the number of steps of our algorithm grows only as O(n log(n)), and that it samples very well the set of all stable marriages. It is thus a fair and efficient approach to generate stable marriages. Furthermore, our approach for SMTI problems is able to solve large problems, quickly returning stable matchings of large and often optimal size, despite the NP-hardness of this problem.
El castigo, de Silvina Ocampo : parole et châtiment
Authors: Mangin Annick
Published: October 2013

Ce n'est pas un élément extérieur qui fonde le fantastique dans ce récit de Silvina Ocampo, mais la mise en oeuvre du temps et le langage en action.
Natural hybrids between Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae): A new perspective on karyotypic changes following hybridization at the polyploid level
Authors: Lipman Malorie J. , Chester Michael , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Natural hybrids have formed in Pullman, Washington, United States between the recently formed allotetraploids Tragopogon miscellus and T. mirus. In addition to forming spontaneously, these hybrids are semifertile, propagating via achenes. Previous work indicated that the tetraploid hybrids have genetic contributions from three progenitor diploids: T. dubius, T. pratensis, and T. porrifolius. Because the hybrids contain genomes from three species, they should be karyotypically variable and have very low fertility. To better understand how these hybrids are semifertile, we applied fluorescent probes to determine chromosome composition.

• Methods: We sequentially conducted fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization to generate karyotypes for five hybrid individuals grown from field‐collected achenes.

• Key results: All plants had the expected somatic chromosome number (2n = 24), but none showed an additive F1 chromosome complement, i.e., two sets of chromosomes from T. dubius and one set of chromosomes each from T. porrifolius and T. pratensis. No individuals shared an identical karyotype, but chromosomal variation followed a compensatory pattern of substitutions, with all groups of putatively homeologous chromosomes consistently totaling four.

• Conclusions: The hybrids appear to be shifting away from a parentally additive F1 karyotype to chromosomal compositions that are mostly, or entirely, disomic. We hypothesize that this process may eventually lead to the elimination of chromosomes from a population and produce a stabilized karyotype distinct from both allotetraploid parents. This work has implications for other hybrids formed between polyploids, in that they may be hard to detect using sequence data alone due to multilateral patterns of chromosome elimination.
A FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGY VALUATION METHODS FOR THE NEW MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Cheng An-Chin
Published: October 2013

New materials have been recognized as key drivers for corporate profitability and growth in today's fast changing environment. To evaluate the development and gain useful appraising information of new materials thus becomes a critical issue. However, little has been done in discussing the selection of technology valuation methods for the development of new materials. Accordingly, this study adopted the fuzzy AHP method to obtain the opinions of professionals on this issue. These efforts resulted in seven evaluation criteria with one, the “data validity” being given the highest weight, followed by “method adaptability” and “technology development evaluability”. It was concluded that the real option approach and income method are the two most applicable technology valuation methods for evaluating new materials development. In addition, the application of the fuzzy AHP method provided a relevant avenue for corporation policy makers and researchers to evaluate the technology valuation methods for new materials.
MARKET CAPACITY AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR FROM LOGISTIC ANALYSIS VIEW
Authors: Koltan Nadežda Doronina , Girdzijauskas Stasys , Štreimikienė Dalia
Published: October 2013

The paper deals with market capacity and the integral parts of it. One of the most critical consisting parts of the market's capacity are market niches, the fulfilment of which depends on market openness or closeness. In the opened market there is a possibility of reproduction, while for the closed market the saturation is more typical. However, reproduction and saturation have one similar feature: both influence the beginning of a crisis. The main difference between reproduction and saturation is in reproduction's possibility to create a new market niches driven by globalization, innovation and the growth of the living standards of population. A creation of the new market niche in case of saturation is not possible because of the consumers’ expectations. The return on investments in the closed market is growing exactly at the moment when the market niche approaches zero. At the same time people tend to invest into this market with a hope to get the highest profits. This finally leads to the bubble formation. The paper aims to define the main factors influencing markets’ niches saturation and seeks to apply logistical capital theory for assessment of market saturation level for the prediction of forthcoming economic crisis.
Sud-Soudan : les acteurs de la construction et de la formation de l'État
Authors: Chevrillon-Guibert Raphaëlle
Published: October 2013

Cette contribution esquisse quelques problématiques majeures inhérentes à la formation du nouvel État du Sud-Soudan à travers une sociologie des élites administratives. Loin d’être un long fleuve tranquille, l’élaboration de nouvelles institutions se révèle le fruit d’une conjonction d’intérêts variés, et souvent opposés, dans laquelle vieilles oppositions, dynamiques issues du conflit et nouveaux modèles de gestion de l’État s’agencent avec difficulté.
Le fantasme dans le rêve
Authors: Lacombe Alain
Published: October 2013

Freud dans sa conférence n° 7 de l’Introduction à la psychanalyse, a cette phrase étonnante : « Avez-vous maintenant le courage d’aborder l’interprétation d’un rêve complet ? » Par l’analyse de ce rêve, Freud établit que la pulsion est le référent de la réalité psychique du désir, que le fantasme « subjective ».
Retournement du fantasme, et après ?
Authors: Noël Martine
Published: October 2013

Ce texte témoigne du parcours analytique de l’auteur, huit ans après l’expérience de la passe. Il revient tout d’abord sur le retournement du fantasme, le dévoilement de l’objet cause du désir et ses effets cliniques. Il questionne le devenir du fantasme et de la pulsion après la passe. Il se conclut enfin avec des questions sur l’objet a et sur l’identification au symptôme comme suite logique de ce procès.
Soir après soir à l'Abri de nuit d'Ajaccio
Authors: Deliquiet Stanislas
Published: October 2013

Le quotidien d’un centre d’hébergement d’urgence pour les sans-abri est une expérience exigeante. L’Abri de nuit à Ajaccio est le lieu d’un bord, plus ou moins poreux, entre inclusion et exclusion sociale, même si exclu (du langage) nul ne l’est vraiment.
Impacto actitudinal y canalización cognitiva de estereotipos sobre la inmigración a través de las noticias
Authors: Igartua Perosanz Juan José
Published: October 2013

Tomando como base la investigación sobre el efecto framing y la investigación sobre el tratamiento de la inmigración, se analizan los procesos de recepción e impacto de las noticias sobre actos delictivos. Metodología. Se realizaron dos investigaciones experimentales en donde los participantes fueron expuestos a una noticia y posteriormente cumplimentaron un cuestionario con escalas de auto-informe. Se manipularon la mención del origen nacional/geográfico de los protagonistas de la noticia y la implicación con el tema de la noticia. Resultados. Se observa que cuando la implicación con el tema es baja, la presencia de información sobre el origen de los protagonistas de la noticia ejerce un efecto indirecto a través de impactar las actitudes. En cambio, cuando la implicación es alta el efecto indirecto se explica por la activación de corrientes de pensamiento que influyen en la formación y/o refuerzo de creencias negativas sobre la inmigración. Conclusiones. Los resultados son congruentes con un modelo dual de influencia de los encuadres noticiosos. Se constata con argumentos empíricos que la recomendación de no informar sobre el origen de los protagonistas en noticias sobre actos delictivos está justificada.
The Promise of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Evidence-Based Applications
Authors: Gevirtz Richard
Published: October 2013

Heart rate variability biofeedback has enjoyed increased popularity in recent years. In this review, empirical evidence from multiple sources is presented from the point of view of possible mechanisms of effect. While more research is clearly needed, the data thus far are certainly promising.
Key Challenges Associated with Bringing Personal Mobile Devices to the Higher Education Classroom
Authors: Santos Ieda M.
Published: October 2013

The use of students’ personal mobile devices in education seems an attractive option to higher education institutions as these devices may help reduce costs as well as support teaching and learning. However, the concept of “bring your own device” or BYOD, presents challenges to institutions used to control which technology students and faculty would adopt in teaching and learning practices. This paper aims to review key challenges associated with the BYOD initiative often discussed in the relevant literature. These challenges include network infrastructure, network security, IT support, equity issues, and BYOD disruptions. The paper also reviews a case study recently conducted at a higher education institution in the United Arab Emirates to illustrate in practice how these key challenges may affect the adoption of personal mobile devices in the classroom. Based on the review, this paper proposes potential strategies to help minimize these challenges
A HTML5 Based English Learning System for Learning English on Mobile Devices
Authors: Anaraki Firouz B.
Published: October 2013

This research paper explains the development of a mobile based system for learning English as second language for iPhone, iPad, Android Phones, Android tablets, and other smart mobile devices. This is a multi-disciplinary type of research consisting of 3 distinct components or phases. First, HTML5 and jQuery Javascript library was used to develop this multimedia based learning system that delivers a lesson in text, pictures, and audio format. The multimedia based lessons were placed on a server that could be accessed by any PC or smart mobile phones and tablets that support JavaScript library with access to WiFi or 3G networks. Second, thirty English lessons were developed for this system, the English lessons were developed with the assistant of some English lecturers. Finally, university students at Assumption University tried out this system using their mobile devices for a period of 6 weeks. A survey questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness, usability, and students’ satisfaction of this system. This paper explains development process of the mobile based mobile learning system and its outcomes.
M-learn lessons learnt: Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Imam Zaki
Published: October 2013

M-learning is a form of distance learning in that it provides a
communication tool( the mobile phone) to bridge the distance between the providing
institution and the learners and facilitates 2-way (synchronous and asynchronous)
interactivity between teacher and the learner (McWilliams et al, 2007). M-learning allows
the remote teachers to stay in frequent contact with teacher educators, to ask questions
and discuss issues as they adapt new teaching practices. This programme has been
initiated by Ministry of Education upon requested by ADB, Manila to implement
technology based training programme for reaching remote and disadvantaged areas. M -
learning has been piloted by teacher educators of Government Teachers’ Training
College in one district (Barisal, located in the southern part of Bangladesh) and later
extended to four districts to train teachers of remote schools of Patuakhali, Sandwip,
Hatya and Thakurgaon districts. Regular 14 day and 5 day follow-up face-to-face inservice
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) training was adapted as a two day
face-to-face orientation, followed by a 6 week programme with regular conference calls
to support classroom practices. Findings of the programme are very promising for
adapting new practices. The CPD training by using mobile phone became very successful
for increasing teachers and student’s competence level. Government of Bangladesh and
Development Partners are very keen to maximize the use of technology in CPD for
teachers especially for addressing female teachers and reaching training facilities to
remote areas.
Jam Today – Embedding BYOD into Classroom Practice
Authors: Parsons David
Published: October 2013

An underlying assumption of the BYOD (bring your own device) approach to classroom learning is that technology is naturally embedded into the wider life of the learner. By not only allowing, but requiring, school students to bring their own devices into the classroom, teachers in BYOD schools are acknowledging that 21st century education must reflect 21st century society. However, bringing learners? devices over the threshold of the classroom is just the beginning of the story. The challenge for educators is to find ways to successfully embed personal technologies into the teaching and learning process. This is not simply a case of substituting one tool for another, or even enhancing current practice with digital tools. Rather, it requires a fundamental modification and redefinition of practice. Such radical changes to classroom practice cannot happen overnight. They require appropriate policies, preparation, infrastructure, motivation and reflective exploration. This paper reflects on the experience of a New Zealand school which is at the forefront of the BYOD movement. Based primarily on the public voices of the classroom teachers, this paper seeks to examine how BYOD has been tailored to suit disparate subjects, different teaching styles and the choices made by teachers in how they feel technology enhanced learning can work best for them and their students. This paper explores how the school has been moving through the pathway of substitution, augmentation, modification and redefinition, and shares experiences that may be informative to others embarking on similar projects.
Augmented Reality, Multimodal Literacy and Mobile Technology: An Experiment in Teacher Engagement
Authors: Clarke Jan
Published: October 2013

The use of AR in education has already been found to be valuable although its use presents technical and management difficulties. The reality is that teachers often need to be enticed by a tempting range of potential benefits before investing precious time and effort in new technology. Challenges can cloud vision of greater potential. This ongoing project, essentially an experiment in encouraging professional learning, is proving successful in engaging educators with leading edge AR technology. Such an activity can provide a multi-dimensional catalyst for addressing a host of demands that face typical Australian teachers, particularly integrating mobile devices and multimodal texts in teaching and learning. The project – incorporating the location-aware FreshAiR app, Quick Response codes and image-triggered Aurasma – has been undertaken voluntarily by some Independent Schools in Western Australia. It includes developing teacher skills with AR (and other apps) and the development of a “model” AR tour (excursion/field trip). The experiment has generated trans-national collaborative conversations, positively impacting on both professional practice and app design. Participating schools have already provided valuable feedback that supports and expands existing research and perhaps generates some new ideas. The AISWA project has been funded by the Australian Government Quality Teacher Program.
Device Neutral Assignments for Mobile Learning in an English Language Classroom
Authors: Al-Okaily Rasha
Published: October 2013

The cloud of skepticism around mobile devices and their use in education is rapidly dispersing. Educators have come to embrace mobile devices as powerful tools that enable continuous, lifelong learning. The type of mobile device makes
little difference to the educational process since all types have capabilities that enhance learning. Hence, adopting a BYOD/BYOT (Bring Your Own Device/Technology) policy in the classroom can shift the focus from the device to the learning outcomes. Device neutral assignments are assignments and lesson plans that can be completed on any device. It comes as a solution for the multi platform challenge in a BYOD policy. This action research is intended to examine how Device Neutral Assignments can be used to integrate mobile learning into English Language classes where students are using their own mobile devices. Some language assignments were redesigned according to DNA guidelines. Description the assignments is provided along with the results and observations of the completed assignments.
Integrating Multimedia in ODL materials and Enhanced Access through Mobile Phones
Authors: Augusti Maria
Published: October 2013

The aim of integrating multimedia in ODL materials and enhance access through mobile phones at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT), is to enable students who are scattered throughout Tanzania and outside the country overcome the challenges of accessing course materials. Currently OUT has a Learning Management System customized from MOODLE, known as Open University of Tanzania Learning Management System (OUTLeMS) which can be accessed through http://elms.out.ac.tz.

Implementation of the project to deal with this challenge involved customization of mTouch U software now called Open University of Tanzania mobile Learning (OUTmLearning - mlearning.out.ac.tz) that enabled activities of all 150 ODL courses including forum, assignment, glossary, resource details and charts available in OUTLeMS be accessed through mobile phones. In one complete ODL course (Multimedia Technology and Applications - OIT 208) in addition a video of a sign language interpreter has been added in one module within the course.

In situations with problems of internet and electricity power supply, these developments enable students in both urban and rural areas especially in remote parts including those with visual, hearing and physical impairment use mobile phones to access course materials while pursuing their studies. Females students faced with social constraints like taking care of the family are empowered to deal with difficulties of studying by being able to view study materials anywhere and anytime on their mobile phones.
Preparing Mobile Learning Strategy for Your Institution
Authors: Palalas Agnieszka
Published: October 2013

This paper offers a practical guide to the creation of an m-learning strategy for an educational institution. It provides steps and recommendations for a successful and sustainable m-strategy. This summary of lessons learned includes a brief account of successes, failures, and barriers experienced by a mobile learning practitioner.
System Architecture for Device and Content Independent Communication Including 3D Imaging
Authors: Sultana Razia , Christ Andreas , Meyrueis Patrick
Published: October 2013

Network landscape of recent time contains many different network technologies, a wide range of end-devices with a large scale of capabilities and power, and an immense quantity of information and data represented in different formats. Research on 3D imaging, virtual reality and holographic techniques will result in new user interfaces (UI) for mobile devices, will increase their diversity and variety. In this paper software architecture has been proposed to establish device and content format independent communication including 3D imaging and virtual reality data as content. As experimental validation the concept is implemented in collaborative Language Learning Game (LLG), which is a learning tool for language acquisition.
An Analysis of Socio-Technical Factors in Implementing Mobile Learning Solution at an Educational Institution: A Case Study of Mid-Tier MBA College in India
Authors: Sridharan Varadarajan
Published: October 2013

The exponential rise in the adoption of mobile devices around the world opened up unthinkable possibilities in many
traditional lines of businesses. Mobile devices have become corner stones to publishing, news media, social media,
ecommerce, navigation, location based services, travel companions, tour guides and much more. The consumerization of
mobile technology enabled by factors like endless choice of devices, low entry barrier, high usability and disruptive
innovations, has also presented mobile learning to the education industry.

Given the rise in the number of educational institutions across India, mobile learning is seen as more of a branding tool
and less of a pedagogy or learning innovation tool. Owing to this perspective, the institutions focus on rolling-out an
mLearning implementation at the earliest, rather than laying out a long-term strategy towards real innovation.

In this paper, we present some socio-technical issues faced in one such mLearning roll-out in a mid-tier Management
Institute in South India. We relate our experiences to existing research, and attempt to provide a direction towards
developing an mLearning implementation framework, that could provide a strategic approach to mLearning adoption.
Does continuous interscalene nerve blockage delay discharge following minimal invasive shoulder surgery?
Authors: Cormack John Raymond , Udovicich Cristian , Richardson Martin
Published: September 2013

Background: When compared with single shot interscalene nerve blockade (SSISB), continuous interscalene nerve blockade (CISNB) has previously been shown to decrease pain and narcotic requirement following open shoulder surgery including arthroplasty and rotator cuff repair. Advances in surgery have allowed many shoulder operations to be performed arthroscopically or via a “mini open” approach. This study investigates whether continuous nerve blockade provides a difference in recovery parameters sufficient to impact discharge time following surgery when compared with a single dose nerve block. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control series. The hospital records of consecutive arthroscopic or mini open shoulder operation patients were examined and divided into those given CISNB (n = 94) and those given SSISB (n = 77) for post operative analgesia. Groups were compared for time to discharge in a private hospital setting in which strict discharge protocols were not in place. Narcotic use and maximal visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were also recorded. Results: Length of stay was statistically significantly different between the two groups. Patients in the CISNB group had a median length of stay of 24.5 hours (IQR 20.8-42.0) compared to 23.0 hours (18.8-40.5) in the SSISB group (p = .03). CISNB group patients had decreased narcotic use. No difference in maximal VAS pain score was identified. Conclusion: With greater emphasis on non-invasive approaches to shoulder surgery, patients are able to be discharged at a time acceptable to both physician and patient regardless of the presence of CISNB. Surprisingly the CISNB group had a longer length of stay (although from a practical sense similar). The advantages of this analgesic technique in terms of improved pain relief and decreased narcotic use do not affect hospital length of stay. Level III evidence.
Some new integral inequalities
Authors: Yin Li , Niu Da-Wei , Qi Feng
Published: October 2013

In the paper, some new integral inequalities are presented by using analytic methods.
Inverse spectral-scattering problem for the Sturm-Liouville operator on a noncompact star-type graph
Authors: Buterin Sergey , Freiling G.
Published: October 2013

We study the Sturm-Liouville operator on a noncompact star-type graph consisting of a finite number of compact and noncompact edges under standard matching conditions in the internal vertex. We introduce and investigate the so-called spectral-scat\-tering data, which generalize the classical spectral data for the Sturm-Liouville operator on the half-line and the scattering data on the line. Developing the idea of the method of spectral mappings we prove that the specification of the spectral-scattering data uniquely determines the Sturm-Liouville operator on the graph.
Some tripled coincidence point theorems for almost generalized contractions in ordered metric spaces
Authors: KARAPINAR Erdal , AYDI Hassen , MUSTAFA Zead
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we prove tripledcoincidence and common fixed point theorems for $F: X\times X\times X\to X$ and $g:X\to X$ satisfying almost generalized contractions in partially ordered metric spaces. The presented results generalize the theorem of Berinde and Borcut Tripled fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in partially ordered metric spaces, Nonlinear Anal 74(15) (2011)4889--4897. Also, some examples are presented.
Delivery of Differentiation Factors by Mesoporous Silica Particles Assists Advanced Differentiation of Transplanted Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Garcia-Bennett Alfonso E. , Kozhevnikova Mariya , König Niclas , Zhou Chunfang , Leao Richardson , Knöpfel Thomas , Pankratova Stanislava , Trolle Carl , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth , Aldskogius Håkan , Kozlova Elena N.
Published: October 2013

Stem cell transplantation holds great hope for the replacement of damaged cells in the nervous system. However, poor long-term survival after transplantation and insufficiently robust differentiation of stem cells into specialized cell types in vivo remain major obstacles for clinical application. Here, we report the development of a novel technological approach for the local delivery of exogenous trophic factor mimetics to transplanted cells using specifically designed silica nanoporous particles. We demonstrated that delivering Cintrofin and Gliafin, established peptide mimetics of the ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, respectively, with these particles enabled not only robust functional differentiation of motor neurons from transplanted embryonic stem cells but also their long-term survival in vivo. We propose that the delivery of growth factors by mesoporous nanoparticles is a potentially versatile and widely applicable strategy for efficient differentiation and functional integration of stem cell derivatives upon transplantation.
Fiction et vérité à l’époque moderne
Authors: Tadié Alexis
Published: October 2013

Dans cet essai, on analyse la relation entre fait et fiction dans le contexte du développement de la forme romanesque. Je suggère que l’on peut approcher la nature du récit en examinant les manières dont les fictions et les histoires fictionnelles en sont venues à constituer des artefacts philosophiques complexes, la question du genre littéraire étant subordonnée à celle de fictionnalité.
Czesław Miłosz, la liberté intérieure et la sottise
Authors: Mulligan Kevin
Published: October 2013

La philosophie des valeurs cognitives, et des vertus et des vices intellectuels, prête peu d’attention au phénomène de la liberté intérieure et de son rapport à la sottise. On doit au poète et penseur polonais, Czesław Miłosz, une étude classique de ce rapport, La pensée captive (1953), examinée ici. Il est aussi question ici de l’apport d’une autre analyse de Miłosz au sujet du coeur de Julien Sorel et du ressentiment à la philosophie de la sottise.
Trois conceptions de la connaissance littéraire : cognitive, affective, pratique
Authors: Engel Pascal
Published: October 2013

À partir d’une typologie des formes de connaissance, je soutiens qu’il y a trois formes principales de connaissance littéraire : cognitive propositionnelle, affective et pratique. La conception propositionnelle est erronée : la littérature ne fournit pas directement une forme de savoir que. La conception affective ou expressiviste peut au mieux dire qu’il y a des effets cognitifs des oeuvres littéraires. La conception pratique a le plus de chances d’être correcte, mais seulement si l’on accepte l’idée que le savoir pratique est en partie basé sur le savoir propositionnel.
Two New Sterile Species of Loxospora (Sarrameanaceae: Lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain
Authors: Lendemer James C.
Published: October 2013

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data show that two new crustose species belong to the genus Loxospora. Both species are sterile asexually reproducing crustose lichens from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America, and are chemically similar to L. lecanoriformis in producing 2-0-methylperlatolic acid. Loxosopora assateaguensis is a sorediate species that is described from a single locality on Assateague Island in Maryland. Loxospora confusa is a granulose-isidiate species that is widespread in the Mid-Atlantic with a disjunct population in the Joccassee Gorges of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
Membrane Materials and Module Development, Historical Perspective
Authors: Kucera Jane
Published: September 2013

The recorded history of membrane‐based separations can be traced back to the mid‐eighteenth century, when Abbe Nollet “observed” the phenomenon of osmosis. Over 100 years later, Fick formulated his Law of Diffusion through membranes (which is still today considered fundamental to understanding membrane transport). However, little other substantive development work with membranes was undertaken prior to the early 1900s, and efforts after the turn of the century were focused primarily on microfiltration. It was not until the mid‐twentieth century that membranes and membrane‐based technologies began to flourish.

In the 50 +  years since then, development of synthetic membranes has resulted in a number of membranes, varieties and applications. Membranes have been prepared from an assortment of organic (polymeric) and inorganic (ceramic) materials, and have been used for such diverse separations as gas from gas; gas from liquid; liquid from liquid; dissolved solids from liquid; and suspended solids from liquids.

This article chronicles the development of membrane materials, from early efforts using microfiltration to culture bacteria, through the prolific growth of membranes in the latter half of the twentieth century, to the advent of nanotechnology in polymeric and ceramic membranes. In addition to details about membrane materials, preparation methods, and modularization techniques, the drivers for development are discussed.
Mechanistic Modeling of Transport in Nanofiltration
Authors: Szymczyk Anthony
Published: September 2013

This article discusses macroscopic modeling of the transport mechanisms of ions through nanofiltration membranes. The modeling is based on mechanistic approaches that consider nanofiltration membranes as bundles of (nano)pores and ionic transport as resulting from hindered diffusion, electromigration, and convection. The governing equations are presented and the main assumptions and approximations are reviewed and discussed. Special attention is given to the uniform potential approximation (also called
homogeneous approximation
), which forms the basis of most current transport models used in nanofiltration. The impact of steric hindrance, membrane fixed charge density, and salt concentration on the rejection of single‐salt solutions and electrolyte mixtures is illustrated through a series of examples. Some recent advances in nanofiltration modeling (introduction into transport models of the dielectric exclusion phenomena and spatial inhomogeneities of the fixed charge) are also briefly discussed.
The improvement of InAs/GaAs quantum dot properties capped by Graphene
Authors: Rezgui Kamel , Othmen Riadh , Cavanna Antonella , Ajlani Hosni , Madouri Ali , Oueslati Meherzi
Published: September 2013

InAs self‐assembled quantum dots (QDs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) GaAs substrate. Uncapped and capped QDs with GaAs and graphene layers were studied using atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Graphene multi‐layer was grown by chemical vapor deposition and transferred on InAs/GaAs QDs. It is well known that the presence of a cap layer modifies the size, shape, and density of the QDs. According to the atomic force microscopy study, in contrast to the GaAs capped sample, which induce a dramatic decrease of the density and height of dots, graphene cap layer sample presents a slight influence on the surface morphology and the density of the islands compared with the uncapped one. The difference shown in the Raman spectra of the samples is due to change of strain and alloy disorder effects on the QDs. Residuals strain and the relaxation coefficients have been investigated. All results confirm the best crystalline quality of the graphene cap layer dots sample relative to the GaAs capped one. So graphene can be used to replace GaAs in capping InAs/GaAs dots. To our knowledge, such study has not been carried out until now. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life Domain Satisfactions as Predictors of Overall Life Satisfaction Among Workers: Evidence from Chile
Authors: Loewe Nicolas , Bagherzadeh Mehdi , Araya-Castillo Luis , Thieme Claudio , Batista-Foguet Joan Manuel
Published: September 2013

This article examines the subjective antecedents of life satisfaction of workers. Adopting a ‘bottom-up’ perspective, we assessed the unique influence that satisfaction with multiple life domains have on evaluative judgments of overall life satisfaction. Based on a nationwide sample of 530 Chilean workers, we simultaneously tested the effects of seven life domain satisfactions that have been consistently included in extant models of life satisfaction and subjective well-being. These were satisfaction with health, financial situation, social relationships, one’s self-worth, leisure-time, family, and work. Having controlled for age and gender, results showed that satisfaction with one’s financial situation was the dominant predictor of overall life satisfaction of workers, with a weight of .36. Satisfaction with family, work, and health had effects of .25, .14, and .14, respectively. Interestingly, satisfaction with one’s self-worth, leisure-time, and social relationships did not have statistically significant effects on life satisfaction, although the first two showed t values near the critical value.
Adhesion and Physicochemical Properties of Soy Protein Modified by Sodium Bisulfite
Authors: Qi Guangyan , Li Ningbo , Wang Donghai , Sun Xiuzhi Susan
Published: September 2013

Soy protein adhesives with a high solid content (28–39 %) were extracted from soy flour slurry modified with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at different concentrations. 11S‐dominated soy protein fractions (SP 5.4) and 7S‐dominated soy protein fractions (SP 4.5) were precipitated at pH 5.4 and pH 4.5, respectively. The objective of this work was to study the effects of NaHSO3 on adhesion and physicochemical properties of soy protein. The adhesion performance of NaHSO3‐modified SP 4.5 was better than SP 5.4; the wet strength of these two fractions was from 2.5 to 3.2 MPa compared with 1.6 MPa of control soy protein isolate. SDS‐PAGE results revealed the reducing effects of NaHSO3 on soy protein. The isoelectric pH of soy protein decreased as NaHSO3 increased due to the induced extra negative charges (RS‐SO3−) on the protein surface. The rheological properties of soy protein adhesives were improved significantly. Unmodified samples SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 had clay‐like properties and extremely high viscosity, respectively; with 2–8 g/L NaHSO3 modification, both SP 5.4 and SP 4.5 had a viscous cohesive phase with good flowability. Overall, NaHSO3‐modified soy protein adhesives in our study have many advantages over the traditional soy protein isolate adhesive such as better adhesion performance, higher solid content but with good flowability and longer shelf life.
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A interferes with the development of cerebellar granule neurons in mice and chicken
Authors: Mathisen Gro H. , Yazdani Mazyar , Rakkestad Kirsten E. , Aden Petra K. , Bodin Johanna , Samuelsen Mari , Nygaard Unni C. , Goverud Ingeborg L. , Gaarder Mona , Løberg Else Marit , Bølling Anette K. , Becher Rune , Paulsen Ragnhild E.
Published: September 2013

In mice, prenatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A has been shown to affect neurogenesis and neuronal migration in cortex, resulting in disturbance of both neuronal positioning and the network formation between thalamus and cortex in the offspring brain. In the present study we investigated whether prenatal exposure to bisphenol A disturbs the neurodevelopment of the cerebellum. Two different model systems were used; offspring from two strains of mice from mothers receiving bisphenol A in the drinking water before mating, during gestation and lactation, and chicken embryos exposed to bisphenol A (in the egg) on embryonic day 16 for 24 h before preparation of cerebellar granule cell cultures. In the cerebellum, tight regulation of the level of transcription factor Pax6 is critical for correct development of granule neurons. During the development, the Pax6 level in granule neurons is high when these cells are located in the external granule layer and during their migration to the internal granule layer, and it is then reduced. We report that bisphenol A induced an increase in the thickness of the external granule layer and also an increase in the total cerebellar Pax6 level in 11 days old mice offspring. In cultured chicken cerebellar granule neurons from bisphenol A injected eggs the Pax6 level was increased day 6 in vitro. Together, these findings indicate that bisphenol A may affect the granule neurons in the developing cerebellum and thereby may disturb the correct development of the cerebellum.
Integrability conditions of geodesic flow on homogeneous Monge manifolds
Authors: COMBOT THIERRY , WATERS THOMAS
Published: September 2013

We prove a meromorphic integrability criterion for the geodesic flow of an algebraic manifold of the form${z}^{p} - f({x}_{1} , \ldots , {x}_{n} )= 0$with the induced metric of${ \mathbb{C} }^{n+ 1} $and$f$a homogeneous rational function, using a parallel between the properties of such algebraic manifolds and homogeneous potentials. We then apply this criterion to the manifolds of the form$z= {\lambda }_{1} { x}_{1}^{k} + \cdots + {\lambda }_{n} { x}_{n}^{k} $,$k\in { \mathbb{Z} }^{+ } $, and${x}^{n} {y}^{m} {z}^{l} = 1, n, m, l\in \mathbb{Z} $, and prove that their geodesic flow is not integrable except for some given exceptional cases.
Market Development and the Asset Growth Effect: International Evidence
Authors: Titman Sheridan , John Wei K. C. , Xie Feixue
Published: September 2013

A number of studies of U.S. stock returns document what is referred to as the investment or asset growth effect. Specifically, firms that increase investment or total assets subsequently earn lower risk-adjusted returns. This study finds substantial cross-country differences in the asset growth effect. In particular, the asset growth effect is stronger in countries with more developed financial markets, but it does not seem to be associated with corporate governance or the costs of trading. Overall, the evidence is consistent with a q-theory where financial market development captures either managers’ willingness or ability to align investment expenditures to the cost of capital, but it is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the asset growth effect is due to bad governance and overinvestment.
Cutting cancer waiting times: streamlining cervical lymph node biopsy
Authors: Dimbleby G , Golding L , Al Hamarneh O , Ahmad I
Published: September 2013

Background:

Patients with enlarged lymph nodes present to a number of different specialties and diagnosis is often made following a biopsy.

Objective:

This study aimed to establish department waiting times for cervical lymph node biopsy, and compare these to the cancer services guidelines.

Methods:

A retrospective audit was carried out to record patient waiting times (defined as the number of days from referral to biopsy) between May and December 2010. A proforma for referral was introduced. In addition, appointments for biopsies were arranged by a co-ordinator. A prospective re-audit was carried out from March to September 2011.

Results:

The first audit showed that national guidelines were not met; there was a median waiting time of 74 days (interquartile range, 47–113). Re-audit demonstrated a significant reduction in waiting times using the proforma; the median waiting time had decreased to 18 days (interquartile range, 9–22).

Conclusion:

A proforma for lymph node biopsy and a designated co-ordinator streamlined the service, significantly reducing waiting times. Together, these can aid referral for meeting guidelines and improve patient care.
Polymorphic variants of MnSOD Val16Ala, CAT-262 C < T and GPx1 Pro198Leu genotypes and the risk of laryngeal cancer in a smoking population
Authors: Aynali G , Doğan M , Sütcü R , Yüksel Ö , Yariktaş M , Ünal F , Yasan H , Ceyhan B , Tüz M
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between development of laryngeal cancer and the presence of polymorphisms of the MnSOD Val16Ala, CAT-262 C < T and GPx1 Pro198Leu genes in a smoking population.

Patients and methods:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined in DNA from the peripheral blood erythrocytes of 48 heavy smokers (25 patients with laryngeal cancer and 23 cancer-free controls), using polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

There were no significant differences in age, smoking duration or smoking intensity, comparing the two groups. The homozygous AA genotype of MnSOD Val16Ala was significantly more prevalent in the cancer group than the control group (92vs13 per cent, respectively), while the heterozygous AV genotype of MnSOD Val16Ala was more prevalent in the control group than the cancer group (87vs8 per cent, respectively) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the cancer and control groups regarding GPx1 Pro198Leu or CAT-262 C < T polymorphisms.

Conclusion:

Polymorphism of the MnSOD Val16Ala gene may contribute to susceptibility to laryngeal cancer among smokers.
Intervention and the ordering of the modern world
Authors: MACMILLAN JOHN
Published: September 2013

This introductory discussion establishes the notion of intervention as a ‘social practice’ and carves out the contextual and conceptual space for the Special Issue as a whole. The first move is to recontextualise intervention in terms of ‘modernity’ as distinct from the sovereign states system. This shift enables a better appreciation of the dynamic and evolutionary context that generates variation in the practice of intervention over time and space and which is analytically sensitive to the economic and cultural (as well as Great Power) hierarchies that generate rationales for intervention. The second move is to reconceptualise intervention as a specific modality of coercion relatively well-suited to the regulation or mediation of conflict between territorially bounded political communities and transnational social forces. Third is to ‘historicise’ the practice of intervention through showing how it has changed in relation to a range of international orders that have defined the modern world and which are each characterised by a different notion of the relationship between social and territorial space. Fourth and finally is a brief consideration of the possibility of intervention's demise as a social practice.
Historicising intervention: strategy and synchronicity in British intervention 1815–50
Authors: MACMILLAN JOHN
Published: September 2013

This article identifies three key themes in British intervention for purposes of liberal reordering in the period 1815–50, namely the ‘opening-up’ of new market spaces (discussed in relation to Uruguay/the Argentine Confederation in the 1840s), a cosmopolitan humanitarianism evident in the campaign for the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade that ran throughout this period, and the political-ideological contest between constitutionalist and absolutist forces and represented here by intervention in the Iberian Peninsula in the late 1820s to1830s. In developing a strategic perspective upon military/naval intervention the analysis shows its utility to have been subordinate to more fundamental sociopolitical, cultural, and institutional determinants. With regard to understanding the outcomes of specific intervention the analysis shows the importance of systematically evaluating developments in the domestic political environments of both intervening and target state as well as the military campaign itself and the need for sufficient general alignment or synchronisation in the timeline of developments in each of these three domains. This model helps to explain that whilst liberal interventions are not necessarily bound to fail, they frequently prove more difficult, complex, and protracted than the interveners expect.