bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioengineered corneal tissue for minimally invasive vision restoration in advanced keratoconus in two clinical cohorts
Authors: Rafat Mehrdad , Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Sharma Namrata , Xeroudaki Maria , Tabe Shideh , Omrani Raha , Thangavelu Muthukumar , Mukwaya Anthony , Fagerholm Per , Lennikov Anton , Askarizadeh Farshad , Lagali Neil
Published: August 2022

Visual impairment from corneal stromal disease affects millions worldwide. We describe a cell-free engineered corneal tissue, bioengineered porcine construct, double crosslinked (BPCDX) and a minimally invasive surgical method for its implantation. In a pilot feasibility study in India and Iran (clinicaltrials.gov no.NCT04653922), we implanted BPCDX in 20 advanced keratoconus subjects to reshape the native corneal stroma without removing existing tissue or using sutures. During 24 months of follow-up, no adverse event was observed. We document improvements in corneal thickness (mean increase of 209 ± 18 µm in India, 285 ± 99 µm in Iran), maximum keratometry (mean decrease of 13.9 ± 7.9 D in India and 11.2 ± 8.9 D in Iran) and visual acuity (to a mean contact-lens-corrected acuity of 20/26 in India and spectacle-corrected acuity of 20/58 in Iran). Fourteen of 14 initially blind subjects had a final mean best-corrected vision (spectacle or contact lens) of 20/36 and restored tolerance to contact lens wear. This work demonstrates restoration of vision using an approach that is potentially equally effective, safer, simpler and more broadly available than donor cornea transplantation.
Detection of early seeding of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Nadeu Ferran , Royo Romina , Massoni-Badosa Ramon , Playa-Albinyana Heribert , Garcia-Torre Beatriz , Duran-Ferrer Martí , Dawson Kevin J. , Kulis Marta , Diaz-Navarro Ander , Villamor Neus , Melero Juan L. , Chapaprieta Vicente , Dueso-Barroso Ana , Delgado Julio , Moia Riccardo , Ruiz-Gil Sara , Marchese Domenica , Giró Ariadna , Verdaguer-Dot Núria , Romo Mónica , Clot Guillem , Rozman Maria , Frigola Gerard , Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Baumann Tycho , Alcoceba Miguel , González Marcos , Climent Fina , Abrisqueta Pau , Castellví Josep , Bosch Francesc , Aymerich Marta , Enjuanes Anna , Ruiz-Gaspà Sílvia , López-Guillermo Armando , Jares Pedro , Beà Sílvia , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Gelpí Josep Ll. , López-Bigas Núria , Torrents David , Campbell Peter J. , Gut Ivo , Rossi Davide , Gaidano Gianluca , Puente Xose S. , Garcia-Roves Pablo M. , Colomer Dolors , Heyn Holger , Maura Francesco , Martín-Subero José I. , Campo Elías
Published: August 2022

Richter transformation (RT) is a paradigmatic evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into a very aggressive large B cell lymphoma conferring a dismal prognosis. The mechanisms driving RT remain largely unknown. We characterized the whole genome, epigenome and transcriptome, combined with single-cell DNA/RNA-sequencing analyses and functional experiments, of 19 cases of CLL developing RT. Studying 54 longitudinal samples covering up to 19 years of disease course, we uncovered minute subclones carrying genomic, immunogenetic and transcriptomic features of RT cells already at CLL diagnosis, which were dormant for up to 19 years before transformation. We also identified new driver alterations, discovered a new mutational signature (SBS-RT), recognized an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)high–B cell receptor (BCR)low-signaling transcriptional axis in RT and showed that OXPHOS inhibition reduces the proliferation of RT cells. These findings demonstrate the early seeding of subclones driving advanced stages of cancer evolution and uncover potential therapeutic targets for RT.
The association between comorbidities and stigma among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Zhao Jie , Jiang Nan , Liu Yongyi , Wang Ting , Yu Xi , Wang Jiwei , Yu Jinming
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to explore the association between types and numbers of comorbidities and stigma among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 937 BCSs in Shanghai Cancer Rehabilitation Club. All participants were asked to fill in an online questionnaire including Stigma Scale for Chronic Illnesses 8-item version (SSCI-8) and questions on sociodemographic characteristics and health status. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the association between comorbidities and stigma, adjusting for confounding factors. Results showed that nearly 70% of the participants had one or more comorbidities. The participants with stroke, digestive diseases or musculoskeletal diseases had significantly higher stigma than those without the above comorbidities. In addition, stigma was higher among survivors in the group with a greater number of comorbidities. Thus, it is important to strengthen the management of stigma in BCSs, especially for those with comorbidities.
Drivers of avian habitat use and detection of backyard birds in the Pacific Northwest during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns
Authors: Sanderfoot O. V. , Kaufman J. D. , Gardner B.
Published: August 2022

Birds living in developed areas contend with numerous stressors, including human disturbance and light, noise, and air pollution. COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns presented a unique opportunity to disentangle these effects during a period of reduced human activity. We launched a community science project in spring 2020 to explore drivers of site use by and detection of common birds in cities under lockdown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Our goals were twofold: (1) consider how intensity of urbanization, canopy cover, and availability of bird feeders and bird baths influenced avian habitat use; and (2) quantify how daily changes in weather, air pollution, and human mobility influenced detection of birds. We analyzed 6,640 surveys from 367 volunteers at 429 monitoring sites using occupancy models for 46 study species. Neither land cover nor canopy cover influenced site use by 50% of study species, suggesting that backyard birds may have used a wider range of habitats during lockdowns. Human mobility affected detection of 76% of study species, suggesting that birds exhibited species-specific behavioral responses to day-to-day changes in human activity beginning shortly after initial lockdown restrictions were implemented. Our study also showcases how existing community science platforms can be leveraged to support local monitoring efforts.
Protocol and reference values for minimal detectable change of MyotonPRO and ultrasound imaging measurements of muscle and subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Muckelt Paul E. , Warner Martin B. , Cheliotis-James Tom , Muckelt Rachel , Hastermann Maria , Schoenrock Britt , Martin David , MacGregor Robert , Blottner Dieter , Stokes Maria
Published: August 2022

The assessment of muscle health is of paramount importance, as the loss of muscle mass and strength can affect performance. Two non-invasive tools that have been found to be useful in this are the MyotonPRO and rehabilitative ultrasound imaging, both have shown to be reliable in previous studies many of which conducted by the research team. This study aims to determine the reliability of previously unassessed local body structures and to determine their minimal detectable changes (MDC) to support both researchers and clinicians. Twenty healthy participants were recruited to determine the reliability of seven skin positions out of a previously established protocol. Reliability was determined between three independent raters, and day to day reliability was assessed with one rater a week apart. Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) between raters and between days for tissue stiffness, tone and elasticity range from moderate to excellent (ICC 0.52–0.97), with most good or excellent. ICCs for subcutaneous thickness between days was good or excellent (ICC 0.86–0.91) and moderate to excellent between raters (ICC 0.72–0.96), in muscles it was moderate to excellent between raters and days (ICC 0.71–0.95). The protocol in this study is repeatable with overall good reliability, it also provides established MDC values for several measurement points.
Vitamin D status and associations with substance use patterns among people with severe substance use disorders in Western Norway
Authors: Bemanian Mitra , Chowdhury Ranadip , Stokke Krister , Aas Christer Frode , Johansson Kjell Arne , Vold Jørn Henrik , Fadnes Lars Thore
Published: August 2022

Chronic and harmful substance use is associated with a cluster of harms to health, including micronutrient deficiencies. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D is important for musculoskeletal and other aspects of health. In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, 666 participants drawn from outpatient opioid agonist therapy (OAT) clinics and community care clinics for substance use disorder in Western Norway were assessed annually for determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s-25(OH)D] levels. Fifty-seven percent were deficient at baseline (s-25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l), and 19% were severely deficient (s-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l). Among those deficient/severely deficient at baseline, 70% remained deficient/severely deficient at the last measurement (mean duration 714 days). Substance use patterns and dosage of opioids for OAT were not associated with vitamin D levels. One exception was found for cannabis, where consumption on a minimum weekly basis was associated with lower levels at baseline (mean difference: −5.2 nmol/l, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.1, − 1.3), but without clear time trends (mean change per year: 1.4 nmol/l, CI: − 0.86, 3.7). The high prevalence of sustained vitamin D deficiency in this cohort highlights the need for targeted monitoring and supplementation for this and similar at-risk populations.
[S-methyl-11C]-L-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging parameters to evaluate early response for esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant carbon ion radiotherapy
Authors: Narushima Kazuo , Nishii Ryuichi , Okazumi Shinichi , Shimada Hideaki , Akutsu Yasunori , Maeda Takamasa , Yasuda Shigeo , Yamada Shigeru , Shuto Kiyohiko , Tamura Kentaro , Yamazaki Kana , Shinoto Makoto , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Mori Mikito , Matsubara Hisahiro
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of the clinical effectiveness of [S-methyl-11C]-L-methionine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (MET PET/CT) in patients with esophageal cancer and to investigate MET PET/CT imaging parameters to assess early response for esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). MET PET/CT scans were performed in nineteen patients before and 3 weeks after completion of CIRT. After Surgery, the effect of neoadjuvant CIRT was investigated by examining the relationship between each parameter of MET uptake and the histological assessment (grade and tumor residual ratio). Four parameters of MET uptake were the maximum and minimum standardized uptake values of pre and post CIRT (pre-SUVmax, pre-SUVmean, post-SUVmax, and post-SUVmean). MET PET/CT imaging of esophageal cancer was clearly demonstrated. The post-SUVmax was the most suitable parameter. When the cutoff value was set as post-SUVmax = 6.21, the sensitivity, the specificity, and the accuracy of Grades 3 were 100.0%, 63.6%, and 78.9%, respectively. And there was a positive relationship between the tumor residual ratio and post-SUVmax (R2 = 0.38, p < 0.005). MET PET/CT is clinically useful for the assessment of early response to neoadjuvant CIRT in esophageal cancer. Particularly, post-SUVmax is considered a promising PET imaging parameter.
Endophytic bacteria from in vitro culture of Leucojum aestivum L. a new source of galanthamine and elicitor of alkaloid biosynthesis
Authors: Ptak Agata , Morańska Emilia , Warchoł Marzena , Gurgul Artur , Skrzypek Edyta , Dziurka Michał , Laurain-Mattar Dominique , Spina Rosella , Jaglarz Anita , Simlat Magdalena
Published: August 2022

Leucojum aestivum is known for its ability to biosynthesize alkaloids with therapeutic properties, among which galanthamine used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. New sources of this alkaloid are still being explored. In this study, a novel strain PLV of endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus lautus was isolated from in vitro L. aestivum plants. We report the whole genome sequence of that strain and its capacity to produce alkaloids and growth regulators. The effect of elicitation with autoclaved bacteria on the production of alkaloids was examined. Ten alkaloids were identified in bacteria extracts: galanthamine, lycorine, ismine, lycoramine, haemanthamine, tazettine, galanthine, homolycorine, 1,2-dihydrochlidanthine, and hippeastrine. The mean contents of galanthamine and lycorine were 37.51 µg/g of dry weight (DW) and 129.93 µg/g of DW, respectively. Moreover, isolated P. lautus strain synthesized: indole-3-acetic acid, t-zeatin, c-zeatin, kinetin, gibberellin A1, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid. In vitro elicitation of cultures with P. lautus increased dry biomass, stimulated galanthamine and lycorine production, contributed to 8,9-desmethylenebis (oxy)-7,9 dimethoxy-crinan biosynthesis, change pigments content, and antioxidant enzymes activities. Our findings for the first time point out that galanthamine can be synthesized by an microorganism. Moreover isolated strain can be used as a new elictor of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis.
Reactivation of chromia poisoned oxygen exchange kinetics in mixed conducting solid oxide fuel cell electrodes by serial infiltration of lithia
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Staerz Anna , Kim Dennis S. , Klotz Dino , Nicollet Clement , Xu Michael , LeBeau James M. , Tuller Harry L.
Published: August 2022

The ability to recover the oxygen reduction reaction of poisoned metal oxide surfaces, central to many energy related applications, is demonstrated by controlling relative surface acidity.
Cryogenically induced signal enhancement of Raman spectra of porphyrin molecules
Authors: Vitkova Aria , Walker Scott J. I. , Sykulska-Lawrence Hanna
Published: August 2022

The research examines porphyrins at cryogenic temperatures down to 77 K and reports a remarkable enhancement of the Raman signal and definition within the spectra. Studying porphyrins is important for biomedical sciences, analytics and diagnostics.
Isolation of uranium(iii) primary phosphido complexes
Authors: Perales Diana , Bhowmick Rina , Zeller Matthias , Miro Pere , Vlaisavljevich Bess , Bart Suzanne C.
Published: August 2022

Low-valent uranium(iii) primary phosphido complexes supported by hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) were synthesized with phosphines of varying steric and electronic profiles.
Regulation of coordination and doping environment via target molecular transformation for boosting selective photocatalytic ability
Authors: Zhou Guosheng , Cheng Yu , Yu Zehui , Liu Xinlin , Chen Dehai , Wang Jiaqi , Hang Ying , Xu Yangrui , Li Chunxiang , Lu Ziyang
Published: August 2022

Regulating the low coordination and N doping environment of CdO through target molecular transformation engineering can be beneficial to the separation of photogenerated carriers and the improvement of selective photocatalytic capacity.
Branched immunochip-integrated pairwise barcoding amplification exploring the spatial proximity of two post-translational modifications in distinct cell subpopulations
Authors: Xue Jing , Fu Youlan , Fan Siyue , Cao Xiaowen , Huang Wei , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yongxi , Chen Feng
Published: August 2022

Branched immunochip-integrated pairwise barcoding amplification enables the capture of cell subpopulations expressing different membrane proteins and the fluorescence imaging of PTM proximities with single-site sensitivity.
Photoactive carbon monoxide-releasing coordination polymer particles
Authors: Carné-Sánchez Arnau , Ikemura Shuya , Sakaguchi Reiko , Craig Gavin A. , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: August 2022

The size tunable Mn-based coordination polymer particles demonstrate the controlled carbon monoxide release triggered by light irradiation.
Visible-light-promotedS-trifluoromethylation of thiophenols with trifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Lou Zhengzhao , Ni Chuanfa , Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo
Published: August 2022

Trifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone is traditionally a nucleophilic trifluoromethylating agent.
Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mahapatra Ayon Das , Lee Jin-Wook
Published: August 2022

This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
Fast and reversible bidirectional photomechanical response displayed by a flexible polycrystalline aggregate of a hydrazone
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Allu Suryanarayana , Hazarika Pragyan J. , Ray Nisha R. , Nangia Ashwini K. , Nath Naba K.
Published: August 2022

In this study, a typical laboratory experiment was carried out to isolate the flat strips of a flexible polycrystalline aggregate of a hydrazone derivative.
Dehydrogenation of ammonia on free-standing and epitaxial hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Payne Anthony J. R. , Xavier Neubi F. , Bauerfeldt Glauco F. , Sacchi Marco
Published: August 2022

We report a thermodynamically feasible mechanism for producing H2 from NH3 using hBN as a catalyst.
Carbon-doped anatase titania nanoparticles: similarities and differences with respect to bulk and extended surface models
Authors: Remesal Elena R. , Morales-García Ángel
Published: August 2022

C-Doping of titania nanoparticles is analyzed by using all-electron density functional theory-based calculations considering the (TiO2)84 nanoparticle as a realistic representative of nanoparticles in the scalable regime.
Modelling atomic layer deposition overcoating formation on a porous heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Heikkinen Niko , Lehtonen Juha , Keskiväli Laura , Yim Jihong , Shetty Shwetha , Ge Yanling , Reinikainen Matti , Putkonen Matti
Published: August 2022

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit a protective overcoating (Al2O3) on an industrially relevant Co-based Fischer–Tropsch catalyst.
Performance improvement in monolayered SnS2 double-gate field-effect transistors via point defect engineering
Authors: He Haibo , Zhao Jianwei , Huang Pengru , Sheng Rongfei , Yu Qiaozhen , He Yuanyuan , Cheng Na
Published: August 2022

The formed n-type SeS-doped SnS2 and p-type VSn-doped SnS2 DGFETs with a channel length of 4.5 nm have outperformed the 2028 requirements of ITRS 2013 for HP applications.
A charge-decorated porous framework with polar pores and open O donor sites for CO2/CH4 and C2H2/C2H4 separations
Authors: Tan Bin , Liu Xing-Wu , Wang Hao , Yang Guo-Yu , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2022

A porous coordination polymer possessing polar pores and open O donor sites has been presented, which shows selective affinity to CO2 over CH4 by forming intense electrostatic interactions, and to C2H2 over C2H4 through unique H-bonding interactions.
Catalyst-free dynamic transesterification towards a high-performance and fire-safe epoxy vitrimer and its carbon fiber composite
Authors: Chen Jia-Hui , Liu Bo-Wen , Lu Jia-Hui , Lu Peng , Tang Ya-Ling , Chen Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: August 2022

A new strategy was proposed to design a fire-safe vitrimer with catalyst-free adaptable ester-linked networks and its composite. Furthermore, the vitrimer matrix in the composite was degraded to achieve carbon fibers with nearly 100% recyclability.
Recyclable rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation/[4 + 2] annulation with unconventional regioselectivity at ambient temperature: experimental development and mechanistic insight
Authors: Meng Haifang , Xu Huiying , Zhou Zhi , Tang Zhenhao , Li Yidi , Zhou Yu , Yi Wei , Wu Xiaowei
Published: August 2022

A robust and convenient rhodium-catalyzed unconventionally regioselective C–H activation/[4 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of isoquinolones which are prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals was developed.
Stainless steel-initiated thiosulfonylations of unactivated alkenes under solvent-free conditions in a mixer mill
Authors: Kong Deshen , Bolm Carsten
Published: August 2022

Under mechanochemical conditions in a stainless steel milling equipment, thiosulfonates react with unactivated alkenes to give the corresponding addition products in high yields.
High-accuracy quantitative analysis of coal by small sample modelling algorithm based laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li An , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Xianshuang , He Yage , Yin Yunsong , Liu Ruibin
Published: August 2022

A new quantitative analysis algorithm based on data extraction and representative data selection in the LIBS field to establish the prediction model with a small sample size is proposed.
Photostabilization of ketoprofen by inclusion in glycyrrhizin micelles and gel nanoparticles
Authors: Selyutina Olga Yu. , Babenko Simon V. , Kruppa Alexander I. , Leshina Tatyana V. , Polyakov Nikolay E.
Published: August 2022

Ketoprofen (KP) solubilization in glycyrrhizin micelle and gel nanoparticle aqueous solutions prevents photodegradation under UV irradiation.
Electrically and optically erasable non-volatile two-dimensional electron gas memory
Authors: Zheng Dongxing , Zhang Junwei , He Xin , Wen Yan , Li Peng , Wang Yuchen , Ma Yinchang , Bai Haili , Alshareef Husam N. , Zhang Xi-Xiang
Published: August 2022

We report an electrically and optically erasable non-volatile memory based on metal–insulator phase transition in oxide 2D electron gas. The metallic and insulating states can be reversibly modulated by illumination and pulse voltage gating.
Recent progress on bioimaging strategies based on Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zheyi , Gao Zhiqiang , Wang Cong , Zou Danqing , Zhou Huan , Yi Yang , Wang Jun , Wang Lei
Published: August 2022

Janus nanoparticles, with unique structure and properties, exhibit great advantages in bioimaging field, such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, etc., which was timely and concisely discussed in this paper.
Introduction to the Nanoscale & Nanoscale Advances joint themed collection: design and function of materials nanoarchitectonics
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Azzaroni Omar
Published: August 2022

Katsuhiko Ariga and Omar Azzaroni introduce the Nanoscale and Nanoscale Advances themed collection on the design and function of materials nanoarchitectonics.
Hierarchical lyotropic liquid crystalline behaviors of supramolecular polymers influenced by alkyl chain branching
Authors: Wang Cong , Xie Fei , Zhong Hua , Wang Feng , Huang Ningdong
Published: August 2022

The peripheral chain branching in monomeric structures influences the hierarchical supramolecular assembly and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties.
Polymers fromS-vinyl monomers: reactivities and properties
Authors: Ziegenbalg Nicole , Elbinger Lada , Schubert Ulrich S. , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: August 2022

This review summarises the work of several decades on the polymerisation ofS-vinyl monomers, ranging from the early reports of suitable polymerisation techniques for these monomers to their recent renaissance in various applications.
Identification of promising nutraceuticals against filarial immune-modulatory proteins: insights from in silico and ex vivo studies
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Mishra Ayushi , Singh Anchal
Published: August 2022

Here in drug docking analysis, molecular dynamics simulations and ex vivo approaches were used to demonstrate the anti-filarial effects of nutraceuticals against immune modulatory proteins of lymphatic filarial parasites.
Role of composition and texture on bifunctional catalytic performance of extruded Au–Cu alloys
Authors: Shen Kechang , Gong Qingtao , Zhang Hao , Li Kangqiang , Sun Zhongyu , Li Guihua , Hu Xin , Liu Lu , Wang Weimin
Published: August 2022

Extruded Au–Cu alloys can be used as bifunctional catalysts for the electro-oxidation of CH3OH and HCOOH, and their catalytic activities can be improved based on alloying and appropriate texture.
Bionic research on Paramisgurnus dabryanus scales for drag reduction
Authors: Wu Liyan , Luo Guihang , He Feifan , Chen Lei , Wang Siqi , Fan Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

The large-area flexible surface of bionic loach scale was prepared by template method, and the bionic scales of Paramisgurnus dabryanus showed have a brilliant drag reduction performance.
Dendrite-free lithium metal batteries achieved with Ce-MOF membrane coating with one-dimensional continuous oxygen-containing channels for rapid migration of Li ions
Authors: Song Chun-Lei , Luo Jun-Ran , Ma Lin-Yuan , Li Ze-Hui , Wang Hongxia , Cai Yue-Peng , Hong Xu-Jia
Published: August 2022

Due to the combination of ordered pores, TFSI− confined in the pores and continuous oxygen-containing functional groups, fast and homogeneous Li-ion transportation during repeated cycles was realized.
Macrocycle molecule-based cryoprotectants for ice recrystallization inhibition and cell cryopreservation
Authors: Hu Bing , Li Guo-Kai , Ai Guo-Min , Zhang Man , Su Shan-Shan , He Xu , Li Xiao-Liu , Wang Ke-Rang
Published: August 2022

Macrocycle molecule-based cryoprotectants for ice recrystallization inhibition and cell cryopreservation were developed. Among them, α-TMCD showed good IRI, DIS and cellular cryopreservation effects.
A novel sustainable and green mechanochemical route from a (HSiO1.5)n polymer to emissive silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Xu Yuping , Xin Yunzi , Kato Kunihiko , Shirai Takashi
Published: August 2022

A novel, sustainable and green strategy to transform the (HSiO1.5)n polymer into functional Si NCs via a room-temperature mechanochemical process without H2 supply.
Impact of 100 LRRK2 variants linked to Parkinson's disease on kinase activity and microtubule binding
Authors: Kalogeropulou Alexia F. , Purlyte Elena , Tonelli Francesca , Lange Sven M. , Wightman Melanie , Prescott Alan R. , Padmanabhan Shalini , Sammler Esther , Alessi Dario R.
Published: August 2022

Mutations enhancing the kinase activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease (PD) and therapies that reduce LRRK2 kinase activity are being tested in clinical trials. Numerous rare variants of unknown clinical significance have been reported, but how the vast majority impact on LRRK2 function is unknown. Here, we investigate 100 LRRK2 variants linked to PD, including previously described pathogenic mutations. We identify 23 LRRK2 variants that robustly stimulate kinase activity, including variants within the N-terminal non-catalytic regions (ARM (E334K, A419V), ANK (R767H), LRR (R1067Q, R1325Q)), as well as variants predicted to destabilize the ROC:CORB interface (ROC (A1442P, V1447M), CORA (R1628P) CORB (S1761R, L1795F)) and COR:COR dimer interface (CORB (R1728H/L)). Most activating variants decrease LRRK2 biomarker site phosphorylation (pSer935/pSer955/pSer973), consistent with the notion that the active kinase conformation blocks their phosphorylation. We conclude that the impact of variants on kinase activity is best evaluated by deploying a cellular assay of LRRK2-dependent Rab10 substrate phosphorylation, compared with a biochemical kinase assay, as only a minority of activating variants (CORB (Y1699C, R1728H/L, S1761R) and kinase (G2019S, I2020T, T2031S)), enhance in vitro kinase activity of immunoprecipitated LRRK2. Twelve variants including several that activate LRRK2 and have been linked to PD, suppress microtubule association in the presence of a Type I kinase inhibitor (ARM (M712V), LRR (R1320S), ROC (A1442P, K1468E, S1508R), CORA (A1589S), CORB (Y1699C, R1728H/L) and WD40 (R2143M, S2350I, G2385R)). Our findings will stimulate work to better understand the mechanisms by which variants impact biology and provide rationale for variant carrier inclusion or exclusion in ongoing and future LRRK2 inhibitor clinical trials.
Enhancing secrecy performance of energy harvesting NOMA systems using IoT user scheduling under untrusted users
Authors: Largani Noushin Khosravi , Akhbari Bahareh
Published: August 2022

In this work, multiple energy‐limited Internet of Things (IoT) users are intended to communicate with their destination (). The scheduled IoT user harvests the energy from a source signal and uses this energy to forward a mixture of its message and the source message to the and the source destination based on non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Since the messages are transmitted at the same resource block, the far untrusted user (source destination) has the opportunity to access the message destined for the near user () by successive interference cancellation. Therefore, an IoT user scheduling strategy is proposed to achieve the reliability and security of transmission in the network. To indicate the superiority of the proposed scheduling scheme and the impact of different parameters on the network performance under untrusted users, the secrecy outage probability of the system is derived by tracking exact and asymptotic analyses and then it is compared with that of benchmarks through simulations. The results reveal the crucial role of the near user threshold secrecy rate as the system's bottleneck and the negligible impact of the power allocation coefficients and the untrusted far user threshold rate on the secrecy performance with increasing the signal‐to‐noise‐ratio.
Optimal design of high frequency high efficiency and high‐power density DC–DC power module based on GaN
Authors: Liu Guowang , Ouyang Honglin , Xiao Muxuan
Published: August 2022

This paper develops a railway power module with wide range voltage (dc 60—dc 160 V) input and constant voltage output (24 V/10 A) . The power module adopts a two‐stage topology structure to realize voltage conversion. Use the most advanced GaN (gallium nitride) as the main power switching devices. The first stage circuit architecture uses a two‐phase interleaved buck converter convert the wide range input voltage into a constant intermediate bus voltage (48 V) through closed‐loop control, and then the LLC resonant converter converts the intermediate bus voltage (dc 48 V) into a constant output voltage (dc 24 V) through open‐loop control, and realize the primary side and secondary side dc 3000 V electrical isolation. This article from the circuit topology, the power devices selection, buck converter magnetic integrated coupling inductance design, planar magnetic integration LLC resonant transformer optimization design has carried on the detailed discuss and analysis. All circuits are integrated in a standard quarter power brick module, the final prototype can reach 96.1% peak efficiency, the power density can reach 185 W/in.3.
Euclid: Fast two-point correlation function covariance through linear construction
Authors: Keihänen E. , Lindholm V. , Monaco P. , Blot L. , Carbone C. , Kiiveri K. , Sánchez A. G. , Viitanen A. , Valiviita J. , Amara A. , Auricchio N. , Baldi M. , Bonino D. , Branchini E. , Brescia M. , Brinchmann J. , Camera S. , Capobianco V. , Carretero J. , Castellano M. , Cavuoti S. , Cimatti A. , Cledassou R. , Congedo G. , Conversi L. , Copin Y. , Corcione L. , Cropper M. , Da Silva A. , Degaudenzi H. , Douspis M. , Dubath F. , Duncan C. A. J. , Dupac X. , Dusini S. , Ealet A. , Farrens S. , Ferriol S. , Frailis M. , Franceschi E. , Fumana M. , Gillis B. , Giocoli C. , Grazian A. , Grupp F. , Guzzo L. , Haugan S. V. H. , Hoekstra H. , Holmes W. , Hormuth F. , Jahnke K. , Kümmel M. , Kermiche S. , Kiessling A. , Kitching T. , Kunz M. , Kurki-Suonio H. , Ligori S. , Lilje P. B. , Lloro I. , Maiorano E. , Mansutti O. , Marggraf O. , Marulli F. , Massey R. , Melchior M. , Meneghetti M. , Meylan G. , Moresco M. , Morin B. , Moscardini L. , Munari E. , Niemi S. M. , Padilla C. , Paltani S. , Pasian F. , Pedersen K. , Pettorino V. , Pires S. , Polenta G. , Poncet M. , Popa L. , Raison F. , Renzi A. , Rhodes J. , Romelli E. , Saglia R. , Sartoris B. , Schneider P. , Schrabback T. , Secroun A. , Seidel G. , Sirignano C. , Sirri G. , Stanco L. , Surace C. , Tallada-Crespí P. , Tavagnacco D. , Taylor A. N. , Tereno I. , Toledo-Moreo R. , Torradeflot F. , Valentijn E. A. , Valenziano L. , Vassallo T. , Wang Y. , Weller J. , Zamorani G. , Zoubian J. , Andreon S. , Maino D. , de la Torre S.
Published: August 2022

We present a method for fast evaluation of the covariance matrix for a two-point galaxy correlation function (2PCF) measured with the Landy–Szalay estimator. The standard way of evaluating the covariance matrix consists in running the estimator on a large number of mock catalogs, and evaluating their sample covariance. With large random catalog sizes (random-to-data objects’ ratio M ≫ 1) the computational cost of the standard method is dominated by that of counting the data-random and random-random pairs, while the uncertainty of the estimate is dominated by that of data-data pairs. We present a method called Linear Construction (LC), where the covariance is estimated for small random catalogs with a size of M = 1 and M = 2, and the covariance for arbitrary M is constructed as a linear combination of the two. We show that the LC covariance estimate is unbiased. We validated the method with PINOCCHIO simulations in the range r = 20 − 200 h−1 Mpc. With M = 50 and with 2 h−1 Mpc bins, the theoretical speedup of the method is a factor of 14. We discuss the impact on the precision matrix and parameter estimation, and present a formula for the covariance of covariance.
Betreuung von Menschen mit Diabetes in Deutschland – was läuft schief?
Authors: Ziegelasch Hans-Jürgen , Schiel Ralf , Ebert Thomas , Ziegelasch Michael
Published: August 2022

Deutschland hat ein insgesamt gutes Gesundheitssystem. Für Menschen mit Diabetes gibt es neben der hausärztlichen Versorgung, Diabetes-Schwerpunktpraxen (DSP) und Reha-Kliniken. Jedoch ist die Betreuung von Personen mit Diabetes in unserem Land nicht optimal. Was sind die Ursachen dessen und was können wir tun?

Regionale Unterschiede in der Definition und Abgrenzung einer DSP zu anderen Diagnosen, Mangel an Diabetologen und DSP, Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel und ungenügende Selbstkontrollen sind nur einige der Ursachen.

Eine Erfassung der betroffenen Personen mit Diabetes in einem nationalen Register ähnlich dem Schwedens, eine deutliche Verbesserung prophylaktischer Maßnahmen sowie Ausbildung der diabetologischen Fachkräfte sind mögliche Ansatzpunkte für eine Änderung zum Positiven.
Differentialdiagnose Vaskulitis und Vaskulopathie aus dermatologischer Sicht
Authors: Mitschang Carolin , Ehrchen Jan , Görge Tobias
Published: August 2022

Vaskulopathien und Vaskulitiden stellen diagnostisch und therapeutisch eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Zugrunde liegen unterschiedliche pathophysiologische Mechanismen, die zu vielfältigen klinischen Krankheitsbildern führen können und therapeutisch unterschiedliche Ansätze erlauben. Sowohl Vaskulitiden als auch Vaskulopathien müssen nicht zwangsläufig mit einer Systembeteiligung einhergehen, sondern können auch als rein kutane Varianten auftreten. Aufgrund mangelnder pathognomonischer Laborparameter ist die Diagnose häufig klinisch zu stellen. Dieser Artikel soll den differentialdiagnostischen Blick, insbesondere auf die kutanen Manifestationsformen bei Vaskulopathien und Vaskulitiden, schärfen.
Dihydroartemesinin and Curcumin Based Self-Microemulsifying Drug
Delivery System for Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Srivastava Richa , Fatima Zeeshan , Sahoo Jagannath , Joshi Prince , Tripathi Renu
Published: August 2022

Malaria is a significant global problem which still persists despite the
development of various effective antimalarial drugs. It is challenging to treat
this disease due to the parasite’s complex life cycle and high
recrudensce of antimalarial drugs. A new self-micro emulsifying drug delivery
system has been developed to improve the solubility of dihydroartemisinin and
curcumin. The prepared formulation contained Dihydroartemesinin, curcumin,
Groundnut Oil, Cremephor RH, and Tween 80. Self-micro emulsification time, zeta
potential, droplet size, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy,
drug release, and in-vivo studies were performed for characterization. The
globule size was found to be 25.59±0.40 nm and the zeta
potential was-5.75±0.18 mV. The globules prepared were spherical
in shape. The in-vitro dissolution performance of formulation of
dihydroartemisinin and curcumin self emulsifying drug delivery system showed
significantly (p<0.05, Origin Pro 8.5) higher release as compared to the
pure drugs. The results of the study suggested that the prepared self
emulsifying drug delivery system combination of Dihydroartemesinin and curcumin
has a better potential to cure parasitemia as compared to the individual
drug.
Sklerodermie – „die harte Haut“
Authors: Speidel Jil , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Moinzadeh Pia
Published: August 2022

Unter dem Begriff Sklerodermie ist eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen zusammengefasst, die eine kutane Sklerose gemeinsam haben. Die einzelnen Erkrankungen variieren in der Beteiligung betroffener Strukturen wie Haut, Fettgewebe, Muskulatur, Gelenkstrukturen, Knochen, innerer Organe und der damit einhergehenden Krankheitsausprägung. Es lassen sich grundsätzlich zwei verschiedene Subtypen unterscheiden: die lokalisierte Sklerodermie (LoS) und die systemische Sklerose (SSc), die sich jeweils in weitere Subgruppen unterteilen lassen. Es handelt sich um zwei verschiedene Erkrankungen, die sich in der Ausprägung der Hautsklerosierung, der Beteiligung innerer Organe, im Antikörper-Profil, im Krankheitsmanagement sowie der Prognose unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus gibt es Krankheitsbilder, die eine Sklerodermie imitieren und daher als sklerodermie-artige Erkrankungen oder auch als Pseudosklerodermien bezeichnet werden. Um die richtige Diagnose stellen zu können, ist ein standardisiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen bedeutsam. Die frühe Diagnosestellung ist wichtig, um frühzeitige eine Therapie einleiten zu können, und so funktionelle kutane und extrakutane Einschränkungen und auch kosmetische Schäden gering halten zu können.
Transition-Metal-Free N-Arylation of N-Methoxysulfonamides and N,O-Protected Hydroxylamines with Trimethoxyphenyliodonium (III) Acetates
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Kita Yasuyuki , Dohi Toshifumi , Morita Aki , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Bae Taeho , Miyamoto Naoki
Published: August 2022

Trimethoxyphenyliodonium(III) acetate [TMP-iodonium(III) acetate] functions as an efficient arylation reagent for N,O-protected hydroxylamines, generating aniline derivatives in the absence of transition metal catalysts. Various N-methoxysulfonamides participated in the amination reaction to produce the corresponding N-methoxysulfonylanilines. This amination reaction was compatible with several protecting groups, including Troc (2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl), Cbz (benzyloxycarbonyl), Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl), benzyl, acetyl, and silyl groups. This method uses TMP-iodonium(III) acetate and efficiently synthesizes various aniline derivatives that are versatile synthetic intermediates for functional organic molecules.
Kinetic properties of solid 3He–4He mixtures in the model of freely moving impuritons
Authors: Herashchenko N. O. , Nemchenko E. K. , Nemchenko K. E. , Vikhtinskaya T. G.
Published: August 2022

Within the framework of the gas-kinetic model of a mixture of weakly interacting gas of quasiparticles—phonons and impurities—the dissipative properties of 3He–4He solid solutions are considered: diffusion, self-diffusion, and thermal conductivity in the range of concentrations and temperatures, where impurities of 3He can be considered as quasiparticles freely moving through the crystal. Explicit expressions are obtained for the dissipative coefficients of spin and mass diffusion and the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The observed in experiments on spin relaxation, heat transfer, and separation of solutions dependencies and parameters of quasiparticles are discussed.
Bragg–Cherenkov resonance and polaron-like decoupling of the Wigner solid on superfluid helium
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: August 2022

Nonlinear polaron-like dynamics of the two-dimensional Wigner solid (WS) on superfluid 4He are theoretically analyzed in different models and transport regimes for their similarities and distinctions. The Bragg-Cherenkov (BC) resonant excitation of surface waves and WS decoupling from surface dimples were usually considered in terms of a dc transport model. At the same time, field-velocity characteristics of the WS are measured under ac conditions and presented for time-averaged quantities. Here the nonlinear equation of motion of the WS coupled to surface dimples is studied for ac conditions using two different approaches based on fixing the driving field or the output current. Both approaches are shown to give similar results for the first harmonics of major transport properties. In the ac theory, the BC resonances for dimple inertia and the momentum relaxation rate have asymmetrical shapes, which is in contrast with the results of dc models. Even a quite low driving frequency is shown to affect the amplitude of the BC resonance and decoupling of the WS. Above the BC threshold, the effective mass of surface dimples as a function of the velocity amplitude strongly oscillates indicating multiple recoupling processes.
Progress and prospects of III-nitride optoelectronic devices adopting lift-off processes
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Choi Hoi Wai
Published: August 2022

Lift-off processes have been developed as the enabling technology to free the epitaxial III-nitride thin film from a conventional growth substrate such as sapphire and silicon in order to realize a variety of novel device designs and structures not otherwise possible. An epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process can be adopted to transfer the entire film to an arbitrary foreign substrate to achieve various functions, including enhancement of device performance, improvement of thermal management, and to enable flexibility among others. On the other hand, partial ELO techniques, whereby only a portion of the thin-film is detached from the substrate, can be employed to realize unconventional device structures or geometries, such as apertured, pivoted, and flexible devices, which may be exploited for various photonic structures or optical cavities. This paper reviews the development of different lift-off strategies and processes for III-nitride materials and devices, followed by a perspective on the future directions of this technology.
High-power piezoelectric properties of quenched (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based solid-solution ceramics
Authors: Tayama Takeru , Takagi Yuka , Nagata Hajime
Published: August 2022

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on 0.90(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 – 0.04(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 – 0.06BaTiO3 with additives MnCO3 (0.1 wt%) [BNLBT4-6 + Mn0.1], which have a morphotropic phase boundary composition, were prepared by controlling the quenching rate (QR) and, their high-power piezoelectric and electrical properties were examined. The depolarization temperature Td could be increased by controlling the QR. The Td with QR = 15.0 and 0.05 °C/s was 166 and 119 °C, respectively. Thus, Td was increased by about ∼40 °C due to the quenching effect. Moreover, vibration velocities (v0−p) were observed at 1.3 m/s even after quenching. Additionally, the values of d31, ɛ33T/ɛ0, and s11E decreased, whereas Qm increased after quenching. The quenching effect promoted the dielectric and elastic hardening of BNLBT4-6 + Mn0.1 ceramics. After quenching, Td increased, and the value of d31 × Qm maintained the same value as for ordinary firing (OF) with QR = 0.05. Consequently, quenching was found to be effective for increasing the Td and Qm, hence, a promising effect for high-power piezoelectric applications.
Integrated sub-micron vacuum gaps in semiconductor devices
Authors: Oles Peter , Breymesser Alexander , Blank Oliver , Hadley Peter
Published: August 2022

We present characterization results of integrated vacuum gaps in semiconductors and report the highest breakdown field of dielectric layers ever recorded within microfabricated semiconductor devices. Difficulties associated with the characterization of vacuum gaps in the presence of high electric fields could be overcome by using cylindrical capacitors with silicon electrodes that were manufactured with standard semiconductor technology. With this approach, breakdown fields of up to 6 × 109 V/m were achieved. The vacuum gaps of 175(5) nm were significantly smaller than the mean free path of electrons within the gap such that a breakdown due to avalanche discharge was avoided. As the voltage was increased, initially a field emission current was observed that followed a Fowler–Nordheim tunneling behavior. The tunneling current started to increase at voltages about four times greater as compared to equivalent dielectric layers of silicon oxide. At higher voltages, a mechanical breakdown occurred, where the pillars that formed the central electrode of the capacitor snapped due to electrostatic forces. We provide characteristics of thin vacuum layers, which could be useful for device design in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems as well as semiconductor devices.
Characterization of helium microplasma generated in a flow focusing microfluidic device
Authors: Bashir M. , Bashir S. , Javed A. , Noor O. U.
Published: August 2022

Non-thermal microplasmas produced in a microchannel have several potential applications in analytical chemistry, environmental sensing, and surface modification of microfluidic chips for biomedical and lab-on-chip devices. This paper investigates the properties of an atmospheric pressure helium microplasma excited in a polydimethylsiloxane flow focusing microfluidic chip. The influence of input parameters such as applied voltage and gas flow rate on discharge characteristics is investigated in detail. Electron excitation and molecular rotational temperatures are determined with the Boltzmann plot technique. The rotational temperature from the N2+ emission band was calculated in the range of 348–417 K. Electron density and temperature are determined using the well-known plasma diagnostic technique of Stark broadening. The emission lines of hydrogen Balmer (Hα) and neutral helium (501, 667, and 728 nm) are selected to measure the parameters of Stark broadening. The electron density and electron temperature were found to be in the range 0.7×1016–3.39×1016 cm−3 and 10 800–12 493 K, respectively. The evaluated discharge parameters validate the non-thermal equilibrium state of the microplasma. The electrical diagnostics of plasma were performed by monitoring the signals of high voltage and current of the discharge. Moreover, the plasma modified surface (hydrophobic to hydrophilic) was verified by successfully utilizing the microchannel to form an oil-in-water micro-emulsion.
Comprehensive theoretical study of the correlation between the energetic and thermal stabilities for the entire set of 1812 C60 isomers
Authors: Aghajamali Alireza , Karton Amir
Published: August 2022

The thermal stability of fullerenes plays a fundamental role in their synthesis and in their thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Here, we perform extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using an accurate machine-learning-based Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP-20) force field to investigate the energetic and thermal properties of the entire set of 1812 C60 isomers. Our MD simulations predict a comprehensive and quantitative correlation between the relative isomerization energy distribution of the C60 isomers and their thermal fragmentation temperatures. We find that the 1812 C60 isomers span over an energetic range of over 400 kcal mol−1, where the majority of isomers (∼85%) lie in the range between 90 and 210 kcal mol−1 above the most stable C60-Ih buckminsterfullerene. Notably, the MD simulations show a clear statistical correlation between the relative energies of the C60 isomers and their fragmentation temperature. The maximum fragmentation temperature is 4800 K for the C60-Ih isomer and 3700 K for the energetically least stable isomer, where nearly 80% of isomers lie in a temperature window of 4000–4500 K. In addition, an Arrhenius-based approach is used to map the timescale gap between simulation and experiment and establish a connection between the MD simulations and fragmentation temperatures.