bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of low‐ versus high‐fluence fractional picosecond Nd:YAG 1064‐nm laser in the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split‐face comparison study
Authors: Lee Si‐Hyung , Kim Dong Hyo , Jo Seong Jin , Lim Youngkyoung , Lee Ji Won , Lee Jun Hyo , Kim Tae Min , Kim Seong Rae , Kang Jeewoo , Yoon Ji Young , Suh Dae Hun
Published: October 2023

Background

Differences in clinical efficacy based on the fluence of fractional picosecond laser treatment for acne scars are unknown.

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of low‐fluence versus high‐fluence fractional picosecond Nd:YAG 1064‐nm laser treatment in acne scar patients.

Methods

In this 12‐week, investigator‐blinded, randomized, split‐face study, 25 patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne scars received three sessions of high‐fluence laser treatment (1.0 J/cm2) on one side of their face and low‐fluence (0.3 J/cm2) on the other side every 4 weeks. Patients were assessed using acne scar counts, the scar global assessment (SGA), and the ECCA scar grading scale every 4 weeks. The histological analysis compared the acne scars obtained before and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

At their last visit, 88.00% and 92.00% of the subjects achieved >30% reduction in scar counts on the low‐ and high‐fluence sides, respectively, without a significant difference between the two sides. On both sides, the scar counts, SGA, and ECCA score significantly improved 4 weeks after the last treatment. Although the high‐fluence side showed a greater reduction in scar counts (−66.73%) than the low‐fluence side (−62.13%), the two sides had no significant difference in the grading scores. The high‐fluence side showed significantly more severe pain and higher side‐effect scores immediately and 4 weeks after treatment. Histological analysis revealed a significantly increased collagen, elastin, and vimentin expression after treatment on the low‐fluence side.

Conclusions

The low‐fluence setting demonstrated comparable efficacy and superior safety in treating acne scars compared with the high‐fluence setting.
Lifetimes of Punishment: The Imperial Feedback Loop of Anti‐Asian Violence
Authors: Nishimura Michael
Published: October 2023

As opposed to limiting the scope of anti‐Asian violence to “hate,” this article frames anti‐Asian violence as inextricable from U.S. empire. Building on Go (2020) American Journal of Sociology 125(5):1193, I theorize what I call the “imperial feedback loop” to conceptualize anti‐Asian violence within a postcolonial and transnational context. Using a series of life history interviews, I chart the pathways of two Cambodian American refugees along the migration‐to‐school‐to‐prison‐to‐deportation pipeline. I find that cyclical and intergenerational trauma, the criminalization of Cambodian youth, and refugee deportability sustains the psychological and structural violence of the imperial feedback loop. I relate these findings to Du Boisian scholarship on criminality and imperialism and Asian Americanist scholarship on refugee subjectivity. I conclude by suggesting the interruption of the imperial feedback loop through anti‐PIC and anti‐border organizing and scholarship that critiques the roots of imperial violence and builds toward abolitionist democratic futures.
Acute care nurse managers' definitions of and barriers to well‐being: A thematic analysis of open‐ended survey questions
Authors: Urban Regina W. , Martin Shirley D. , Foglia Dorothy C. , Henson J. Sheree , Belz Joni N. , Bilton Valerie R.
Published: October 2023

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, acute care nurse managers functioned in a critical role by helping to advance the mission and goals of their organization while navigating a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. This resulted in high levels of ongoing job‐related stress which is linked to negative physical, psychological, and job‐related outcomes. Little is known about the perceptions regarding their own professional well‐being during this time.

Aim

The aim of this study was to qualitatively describe acute care nurse managers' perceptions of and barriers to their professional well‐being.

Methods

Using a qualitative descriptive approach, nurse managers from a hospital system in the southwestern United States responded to two short‐answer, survey‐based questions in 2022: (1) “Describe the definition of nurse‐manager well‐being in your own words” and (2) “What do you feel is your biggest barrier to professional well‐being?” Reflexive thematic analysis was utilized to analyze participant responses (N = 80).

Results

Professional well‐being is a complex concept influenced by the nurse manager's ability to navigate work–life balance; care for their own physical, emotional, and spiritual selves; give and receive support from stakeholders; and manage feelings of thriving vs. struggling in the role. Barriers most cited as influencing well‐being included having too little time to get things done coupled with increasing workloads, feeling stuck in the middle among stakeholders, and coping with ongoing staffing challenges.

Linking Evidence to Action

The definition of and barriers to well‐being are influenced by the specific needs and experiences of the nurse manager. While not all barriers can be immediately removed, the identification of individual and organization‐specific barriers needs to be taken seriously, reviewed by those who can promote change, and evidence‐based solutions for improvement piloted or implemented when feasible.
Sleep and longevity tied to glia
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: October 2023

Glia mediate two-way signaling between the brain and gut that supports sleep and healthy aging.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes linked with fetal death in utero
Authors: Ju Irene Eun Jae , Nayyar Roshini
Published: October 2023

Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a relatively new subtype of type 1 diabetes characterised by a sudden onset of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with no history of diabetes and can cause imminent death if untreated. We discuss a rare case of a Pacific Islander woman who was 36 weeks pregnant and presented to the emergency department with DKA and fetal death in utero having had a normal glucose tolerance test 4 weeks earlier. She was diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes and was treated with an intravenous insulin-dextrose infusion. She delivered a stillborn female infant and was discharged on regular subcuticular insulin. This case is helpful in understanding a rare, lethal disease that is not well reported globally and especially in Australia, as it requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent detrimental outcomes.
Reversible platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Authors: Joseph Thomas Jeo , Isaac Barney Thomas , James Prince , Thangakunam Balamugesh
Published: October 2023

Platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome is characterised by dyspnoea and oxygen desaturation in the upright position usually caused by an extracardiac shunt and less often due to dynamic factors that accentuate an intracardiac right-to-left shunt. In our patient, the collapse of lower lobe of left lung secondary to bronchial stenosis due to endobronchial tuberculosis and resultant mediastinal shift was the factor that led to an otherwise unrecognised intracardiac right-to-left shunt leading to platypnoea-orthodeoxia. We postulate that there would have been an increased stretching and widening of a patent foramen ovale in the upright position due to gravity resulting in an increased shunt despite normal intracardiac pressures. Once the patency of the left main bronchus was restored by deploying a stent, the left lower lobe expanded, the mediastinum returned to its normal position and there was resultant resolution of the platypnoea-orthodeoxia. This interesting observation may be useful in managing similar scenarios in the future.
Hierarchical Bayesian Causality Network to Extract High-Level Semantic Information in Visual Cortex
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Zhang Wen , Du Ming , Jing Haodong , Zheng Nanning
Published: October 2023

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a brain signal with high spatial resolution, and visual cognitive processes and semantic information in the brain can be represented and obtained through fMRI. In this paper, we design single-graphic and matched/unmatched double-graphic visual stimulus experiments and collect 12 subjects’ fMRI data to explore the brain’s visual perception processes. In the double-graphic stimulus experiment, we focus on the high-level semantic information as “matching”, and remove tail-to-tail conjunction by designing a model to screen the matching-related voxels. Then, we perform Bayesian causal learning between fMRI voxels based on the transfer entropy, establish a hierarchical Bayesian causal network (HBcausalNet) of the visual cortex, and use the model for visual stimulus image reconstruction. HBcausalNet achieves an average accuracy of 70.57% and 53.70% in single- and double-graphic stimulus image reconstruction tasks, respectively, higher than HcorrNet and HcasaulNet. The results show that the matching-related voxel screening and causality analysis method in this paper can extract the “matching” information in fMRI, obtain a direct causal relationship between matching information and fMRI, and explore the causal inference process in the brain. It suggests that our model can effectively extract high-level semantic information in brain signals and model effective connections and visual perception processes in the visual cortex of the brain.
An Efficient Group Federated Learning Framework for Large-Scale EEG-Based Driver Drowsiness Detection
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Niu Yi , Zhao Yanna , Qin Xue
Published: October 2023

To avoid traffic accidents, monitoring the driver’s electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to assess drowsiness is an effective solution. However, aggregating the personal data of these drivers may lead to insufficient data usage and pose a risk of privacy breaches. To address these issues, a framework called Group Federated Learning (Group-FL) for large-scale driver drowsiness detection is proposed, which can efficiently utilize diverse client data while protecting privacy. First, by arranging the clients into different levels of groups and gradually aggregating their model parameters from low-level groups to high-level groups, communication and time costs are reduced. In addition, to solve the problem of notable variations in EEG signals among different clients, a global-personalized deep neural network is designed. The global model extracts shared features from various clients, while the personalized model extracts fine-grained features from each client and outputs classification results. Finally, to address special issues such as scale/category imbalance and data pollution, three checking modules are designed for adjusting grouping, evaluating client data, and effectively applying personalized models. Through extensive experimentation, the effectiveness of each component within the framework was validated, and a mean accuracy, F1-score, and Area Under Curve (AUC) of 81.0%, 82.0%, and 87.9% was achieved, respectively, on a publicly available dataset comprising 11 subjects.
Variable Projection Support Vector Machines and Some Applications Using Adaptive Hermite Expansions
Authors: Dózsa Tamás , Deuschle Federico , Cornelis Bram , Kovács Péter
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we develop the so-called variable projection support vector machine (VP-SVM) algorithm that is a generalization of the classical SVM. In fact, the VP block serves as an automatic feature extractor to the SVM, which are trained simultaneously. We consider the primal form of the arising optimization task and investigate the use of nonlinear kernels. We show that by choosing the so-called adaptive Hermite function system as the basis of the orthogonal projections in our classification scheme, several real-world signal processing problems can be successfully solved. In particular, we test the effectiveness of our method in two case studies corresponding to anomaly detection. First, we consider the detection of abnormal peaks in accelerometer data caused by sensor malfunction. Then, we show that the proposed classification algorithm can be used to detect abnormalities in ECG data. Our experiments show that the proposed method produces comparable results to the state-of-the-art while retaining desired properties of SVM classification such as light weight architecture and interpretability. We implement the proposed method on a microcontroller and demonstrate its ability to be used for real-time applications. To further minimize computational cost, discrete orthogonal adaptive Hermite functions are introduced for the first time.
ECONOMIC COST OF MITIGATING HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION — A STUDY OF HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY MRIDUCHHANDA
Published: October 2023

By exploiting unique contingent valuation data from rural Indian households, we estimate the individuals’ willingness to pay to reduce risk from household air pollution, using the double-bounded dichotomous choice model. The estimated mean annual willingness to pay for such risk reduction is obtained as INR 886.59 accounting for approximately 1% of the annual household income. Although conducted in a different time and sample, the ratio of our estimated WTP to average household expenditure lies in a comparable range with extant literature. Furthermore, the estimated WTP lies in a moderately comparable range to the market price of devices that reduces HAP exposure. The sensitivity analysis of the estimated willingness to pay with respect to relevant behavioral and health factors further provides scope for policy prescriptions.
Optimality Conditions and Gradient Descent Newton Pursuit for 0/1-Loss and Sparsity Constrained Optimization
Authors: Wang Dongrui , Zhang Hui , Zhang Penghe , Xiu Naihua
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider the optimization problems with 0/1-loss and sparsity constraints (0/1-LSCO) that involve two blocks of variables. First, we define a [Formula: see text]-stationary point of 0/1-LSCO, according to which we analyze the first-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions. Based on these results, we then develop a gradient descent Newton pursuit algorithm (GDNP), and analyze its global and locally quadratic convergence under standard assumptions. Finally, numerical experiments on 1-bit compressed sensing demonstrate its superior performance in terms of a high degree of accuracy.
Thermal states of two identical two-level atoms interacting with the single-mode fields of the Arik–Coon and Biedenharn–Macfarlane q-oscillators
Authors: Fakhri H. , Mirzaei S. , Sayyah-Fard M.
Published: October 2023

We consider the Jaynes–Cummings models (JCMs) of two identical two-level atoms interacting with a single mode of the Arik–Coon and Biedenharn–Macfarlane [Formula: see text]-boson fields in a cavity. It is shown that there is a constant of motion, so-called the total number of excitation, which leads to decomposition of the total Hilbert space of [Formula: see text]-deformed system into three invariant subspaces. So, we have the block diagonal structure with three blocks as the Hamiltonian matrices. The exact energy spectrum and eigenstates of the [Formula: see text]-deformed models are obtained by diagonalizing each block. Assuming that the cavity fields and atoms are in thermal equilibrium, the partition function and thermal density matrix of the models are calculated. Finally, the influence of deformation parameters of the Arik–Coon and Biedenharn–Macfarlane [Formula: see text]-oscillator light fields at low-temperatures on the entropy and internal energy of the Jaynes–Cummings models as well as on the atom–atom entanglement via the concurrence measure is analyzed.
Unveiling the significance of momentum slip, convective boundary conditions and thermal radiation in mixed convection flow within a channel of bidisperse porous medium
Authors: Vanengmawia P. C. , Ontela Surender
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the flow characteristics of mixed convection in a parallel plate channel filled with bidisperse porous medium (BDPM). The objective is to understand the effects of momentum slip and convective boundary conditions on the channel walls. A two-velocity two-temperature model is employed to analyze the flow and temperature distributions in both the fluid and solid phases. The governing equations are made dimensionless using appropriate similarity transformations. The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is utilized to solve the resulting equations and analyze the velocity and temperature profiles. The influence of thermal radiation on temperature regulation is explored by controlling its intensity. The impact of the Biot number on enhancing the Nusselt number, a measure of convective heat transfer, is identified. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and skin friction. Graphical representations of these relationships are presented, and the findings are discussed comprehensively.
A meticulous study of aspect ratio impacts on flow and heat of nanofluid in a cavity: Finite difference-based computations
Authors: Ahmad Ijaz , Ahmad Shafee , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Lamoudan Tarik , Siddique Imran
Published: October 2023

The phenomenon of natural convection in rectangular cavities of different aspect ratios is considered. The water is considered a base fluid associated with copper nanoparticles. The flow is induced only due to buoyancy force that arises by heating the right side of the cavity. The left side is set cold while the other walls are assumed to be at zero flux temperature. The governing equations of the present communication are simulated by the finite difference method. This study explores the impacts of Rayleigh number (Ra), Prandtl number (Pr), nanoparticles volume fraction ([Formula: see text]), and aspect ratio (A). Different combinations of these parameters are investigated. Compared to other parameters, Rayleigh number (10[Formula: see text]), aspect ratio ([Formula: see text]), and volume fraction of nanoparticles ([Formula: see text]), A is found more effective on the flow field and isotherms. Regression curves are determined for the mean Nusselt number (Nuavg) as a function of Ra for different cases. It is found that Nuavg more precisely fits the exponential function. Also, it is found that Nuavg decreases as the values of A increase. But, [Formula: see text], shows the opposite behavior. It is noticed that when the A of the cavity grows, so does the mean heat transfer Nu. With rising Ra, the local heat transfer NuL decreases and the heat transfer rises. In the case of the square cavity, the regression coefficient for Nuavg is found to be 0.3673 and 0.2514 for an exponential function.
Near-linear algebra
Authors: Marques Sophie , Moore Daniella
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we demonstrate that the realm of near-vector spaces enables us to address nonlinear problems while also providing access to most of the tools that linear algebra offers. We establish fundamental results for near-vector spaces, which serve to extend classical linear algebra into the realm of near-linear algebra. Within this paper, we finalize the algebraic proof that for a given scalar group [Formula: see text], any nonempty [Formula: see text]-subspace that remains stable under addition and scalar multiplication constitutes an [Formula: see text]-subspace. We prove that any quotient of a near-vector space by an [Formula: see text]-subspace is itself a near-vector space, along with presenting the First Isomorphism Theorem for near-vector spaces. In doing so, we obtain comprehensive descriptions of the span. By defining linear independence outside the quasi-kernel, we introduce a new concept of basis. We also establish that near-vector spaces are characterized based on the presence of a scalar basis.
Wavelet-based neural network model for track stiffness signal detection
Authors: Ding Yunlong , Chen Di-Rong
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of the railway industry, railway safety has received increasing attention. However, traditional methods for signal detection are limited by high cost and energy requirements. Data-driven methods are becoming increasingly popular for railway signal detection. In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based network model for railway track stiffness signal detection by combining deep neural networks and wavelet transform. In the training phase, we propose a wavelet-based convolutional neural network. We use wavelet coefficients to enhance the input features to improve the convolutional neural network. In the detection phase, we combine the sliding window algorithm and the voting algorithm to detect anomalous signals. Extensive experiments on general metrics demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model. The classification performance still outperforms the general network by 30–50% in terms of accuracy, precision and F1 score, which is a huge improvement. In addition, we test the model classification performance under different wavelet functions to validate the superiority of neural networks using wavelets.
Galerkin finite element method for oncolytic M1 cancer virotherapy reaction–diffusion model
Authors: Kumbhar Sunil S. , Thakar Sarita
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we consider oncolytic M1 cancer virotherapy reaction–diffusion model for its numerical simulation. The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) based on cubic B-splines is setup to obtain numerical solutions of this nonlinear model. Stability of the corresponding linearized scheme is studied by the von Neumann method. Since the problem is nonlinear and its exact solutions are not available in the literature, obtained solutions are compared with the numerical solutions available in the literature. The proposed method is consistent and reliable to simulate oncolytic M1 cancer virotherapy reaction–diffusion model.
Complex dynamics of a nonlinear discrete predator–prey system with fear factor and harvesting effect
Authors: Lei Ceyu , Han Xiaoling
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a class of discrete-time predator–prey system with fear factor and harvesting effect is proposed, and its complex dynamic behavior is analyzed. First, the existence and stability of equilibrium points of the discrete system are studied. Second, the critical value expressions of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and flip bifurcation are obtained by bifurcation theory. Third, we control the bifurcation and chaos of the system by using feedback control strategies. The optimal harvesting strategy is obtained by using the Pontryagin maximum principle. Finally, we use MATLAB software to carry out some numerical simulations, which not only verify our theoretical results, but also analyze the rich dynamic behavior of the system.
Preparation and improved energy storage capability of nanocomposites utilizing ultrathin 2D HfO2@TiO2 nanosheets
Authors: Chen Chao , Guo Chen , Wei Xiaoyong , Wang Pengfei
Published: October 2023

Polymer-based dielectrics play an important role in electrostatic capacitor by their high energy density ([Formula: see text]) and flexibility. Herein, we designed a simple high [Formula: see text] polymer-based dielectrics by controlling the morphology and surface modification of inorganic fillers. To decrease the difference in dielectric properties between fillers and matrix of the nanocomposites, HfO2 acting as the buffer layer with high insulation and appropriate permittivity coated onto the surface of TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2 Ns) to form a core–shell structure. The introduction of HfO2@TiO2 nanosheets (HfO2@TiO2 Ns) makes the nanocomposite with higher dielectric permittivity and lower dielectric loss than poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) matrix. In addition, the HfO2@TiO2 Ns can establish an efficient barrier to limit the space charge conduction, hamper the growing electric trees, and the HfO2 layer with high insulation could hinder the mobility of charge carriers. The breakdown strength ([Formula: see text]) of nanocomposite is superior to that of polymer matrix. A small addition of 3[Formula: see text]wt.% HfO2@TiO2 Ns into P(VDF-HFP) matrix can raise the [Formula: see text] to 480.7[Formula: see text]MV/m and present a maximum discharged [Formula: see text] of 13.9[Formula: see text]J/cm3. This work demonstrates that it is an effective strategy to improve the [Formula: see text] via designing the structure and surface state of inorganic filler simultaneously.
South Korea’s New Indo-Pacific Strategy: Where Does India Fit In?
Authors: PANT HARSH V. , SAHA PREMESHA
Published: October 2023

Korea and India have had a Special Strategic Partnership in place from 2015 and the India-Korea diplomatic relations have entered its 50th year, but still the full potential of the relationship has not been tapped into by both sides. Korea's New Southern Policy and India's Act East Policy did provide some momentum and some significant progress in the cultural, people-to-people links were seen, but when it came to strategic and hard security issues, this relationship fell short. Even in the economic sphere, the two sides signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement in 2009, but still there are talks underway for updating the CEPA. But now with Korea devising its new Indo-Pacific strategy and India being one of the strong advocates of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific concept, there is scope that this relationship will now delve into strategic issues that are haunting the geo-political climate of the Indo-Pacific region. Finally it seems the time is opportune for the two countries to develop a credible strategic and security partnership. This article after tracing the trajectory of the India-Korea relations from 2015 onwards, analyses if now with Korea unveiling its Strategy for a Free, Peaceful and Prosperous Indo-Pacific, will India finally figure in its strategic calculus? If India will also perceive Korea as an important partner for furthering its ambitions in the Indo-Pacific region?
The Role of Labour Unions in a Just Transition: Insights From the Workers
Authors: Chng Samuel , Neo Harvey , Tan Ariel , Li Bayi
Published: October 2023

Climate change will bring about changes in production and consumption patterns globally. Workers largely understand that a transformation of their industry and organisation is impending, but there is uncertainty about what this transition will look like. However, ensuring meaningful employment amidst mitigation to address climate change within organisations, can be aligned to address workers’ concerns. Enhancing existing livelihoods and income is fundamental to this transition. A strategy for changes that are fair and equitable for all stakeholders, or what is termed as “Just Transition,” is necessary to ensure that the future sustainable economy provides new and meaningful green jobs for workers. This study reports findings from a survey with 1,000 Singaporean and Permanent Resident workers in Singapore investigating their perceptions, attitudes, and priorities in a Just Transition. First, despite the ongoing push for sustainability, workers’ top concerns today and in the coming decade are the cost of living and livelihoods. Climate change is of less concern. Even among workers with strong pro-environmental attitudes, cost of living, livelihoods, and an ageing workforce were greater priorities. Second, workers are seeking certainty of what Just Transition looks like and reassurances that job opportunities will be available. These hint at existing uncertainties among workers about jobs, livelihood, and impending changes that will take place as part of this transition. Third, workers see a role played by unions in Just Transition and this role is multifaceted and builds on existing advocacy, negotiation, and partnership activities.
Worst Case Execution Time and Power Estimation of Multicore and GPU Software: A Pedestrian Detection Use Case
Authors: Rodriguez Ferrandez Ivan , Jover Alvarez Alvaro , Maria Trompouki Matina , Kosmidis Leonidas , Cazorla Francisco J.
Published: October 2023

Worst Case Execution Time estimation of software running on parallel platforms is a challenging task, due to resource interference of other tasks and the complexity of the underlying CPU and GPU hardware architectures. Similarly, the increased complexity of the hardware, challenges the estimation of worst case power consumption. In this paper, we employ Measurement Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA), which is capable of managing complex architectures such as multicores. We enable its use by software randomisation, which we show for the first time that is also possible on GPUs. We demonstrate our method on a pedestrian detection use case on an embedded multicore and GPU platform for the automotive domain, the NVIDIA Xavier. Moreover, we extend our measurement based probabilistic method in order to predict the worst case power consumption of the software on the same platform.
Social Media and Morality
Authors: Van Bavel Jay J. , Robertson Claire E. , del Rosario Kareena , Rasmussen Jesper , Rathje Steve
Published: October 2023

Nearly five billion people around the world now use social media, and this number continues to grow. One of the primary goals of social media platforms is to capture and monetize human attention. One means by which individuals and groups can capture attention and drive engagement on these platforms is by sharing morally and emotionally evocative content. We review a growing body of research on the interrelationship of social media and morality as well its consequences for individuals and society. Moral content often goes viral on social media, and social media makes moral behavior (such as punishment) less costly. Thus, social media often acts as an accelerant for existing moral dynamics, amplifying outrage, status seeking, and intergroup conflict while also potentially amplifying more constructive facets of morality, such as social support, prosociality, and collective action. We discuss trends, heated debates, and future directions in this emerging literature.
Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Promotes Mucosal Barrier Damage and Immune Injury in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Pan Zhaoyi , Wu Nanping , Jin Changzhong
Published: October 2023

The intestinal microbiota is an “invisible organ” in the human body, with diverse components and complex interactions. Homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the normal physiological process and regulating immune homeostasis. By reviewing more than one hundred related studies concerning HIV infection and intestinal microbiota from 2011 to 2023, we found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can induce intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which not only worsens clinical symptoms but also promotes the occurrence of post-sequelae symptoms and comorbidities. In the early stage of HIV infection, the intestinal mucosal barrier is damaged and a persistent inflammatory response is induced. Mucosal barrier damage and immune injury play a pivotal role in promoting the post-sequelae symptoms caused by HIV infection. This review summarizes the relationship between dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier damage during HIV infection and discusses the potential mechanisms of intestinal barrier damage induced by intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Exploring these molecular mechanisms might provide new ideas to improve the efficacy of HIV treatment and reduce the incidence of post-sequelae symptoms.
Anorectal Malformations: The Pivotal Role of the Good Clinical Practice
Authors: Paradiso Filomena Valentina , Silvaroli Sara , Rizzo Riccardo , Nanni Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

Anorectal malformations (ARM) without a fistula are a rare congenital condition. Although may seem more simple to repair compared with ARM with fistulas, surgery has proved to be challenging. We report the case of a newborn who presented a well-formed anus and normal genitalia; a blind-ending anal canal was detected after the insertion of a rectal probe, thus allowing the diagnosis of ARM. Anal probing straight after birth avoids the possible complications related to intestinal obstruction due to a missed diagnosis of ARM. Examination of the perineal region is an important step in the evaluation of the newborn and represents the tool for a prompt identification of ARM. Adding anal probing to accurate inspection perineum is a good clinical practice and should always be performed even in presence of a normal-looking perineum.
Comfortable Nursing in the Intraoperative MRI Evaluation Combined with Microsurgery in the Treatment of Functional Area Glioma
Authors: Shen Tong , Wang Ran , Zhao Xin , Wang Lin , Li Ying , Liu Ting
Published: October 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning examination in the preoperative treatment of functional glioma and to analyze the application effect of nursing intervention in the operating room in the treatment of fiber surgery. In this study, 80 patients with functional glioma were included as research objects and randomly rolled into the control group (routine nursing) and the experimental group (comfort nursing intervention in the operating room), with 40 cases in each group. All patients underwent craniocerebral MRI plain scan plus enhanced scan before surgery. The levels of the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and anxiety before and after the intervention in the two groups were compared when patients entered the operating room (T1), when anesthesia took effect (T2), at the end of surgery (T3), when patients regained consciousness after surgery (T4), and 1 day after surgery (T5). MRI showed that the main glioma sites were located in the basal ganglia region (26.25%), followed by the central region (20.00%) and the Broca region (17.5%). The levels of IL-6 at T2, T3, and T4 in the control group were 186.45 ± 64.55 ng/L, 287.68 ± 34.59 ng/L, and 488.69 ± 81.14 ng/L, respectively, which were inferior to those at T2 (167.44 ± 15.59 ng/L), T3 (186.25 ± 52.64 ng/L), and T4 (356.57 ± 48.22 ng/L) in the test group. The SAS score of the test group after intervention (45.38 ± 2.02) was lower than that of the control group (51.03 ± 3.65) (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of cortisol in the test group (T2 (8.89 1.23 ng/L), T3 (9.23 1.25 ng/L), and T4 (11.78 1.27 ng/L) were lower than those in the control group (T2 (11.58 ± 2.48 ng/L), T3 (12.06 ± 2.82 ng/L), and T4 (13.04 ± 11.78)). In short, preoperative MRI scanning was beneficial to detect the location of glioma in functional area. Comfort nursing in the operating room can effectively relieve the anxiety and depression of glioma patients and improve the adverse psychological conditions of the patients.
Differences in Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Composition in Resistance and Susceptible Wheat to Fusarium Head Blight
Authors: Li Han , Tang Mingshuang , Zheng Tao , Yang Ming , Wang Youning , Shuai Yating , Li Yan , Zhang Yibo , Ma Dongfang
Published: October 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat that threatens wheat production worldwide. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the rhizosphere soil microbial metagenomes of 4 wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to FHB. The results showed that there were differences in the diversity, structure, and composition of rhizosphere microorganisms between resistant and sensitive varieties. The rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity of the resistant wheat varieties Su Mai 3 and Yang Mai 16 was higher than that of the susceptible wheat varieties Zheng Mai 9023 and Zhou Mai 20. The diversity of rhizosphere fungi in resistant varieties was lower than that in susceptible varieties, but the abundance was higher than that in susceptible varieties. Variety was found to alter the community structure of wheat rhizosphere microorganisms. Resistant varieties SM3 and YM16 and moderately susceptible variety ZM9023 had similar microbial community structure, while highly susceptible variety ZM20 was significantly different from other varieties. The study is aimed at analyzing the effects of wheat varieties of different resistance to FHB on the composition and abundance of rhizosphere soil microbial community to screen out bacteria or fungi that can be used to control FHB, providing the theoretical basis for FHB biological control.
Effect of climate change on fossorial species: a case study comparing species of the genus Scincella
Authors: Moreno-Lara Israel , Becerra-López Jorge Luis , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio
Published: October 2023

For species that have a fossorial habit or that spend most of their time under leaf litter, correlative models may not be sufficient to model their potential risk in the face of climate change; this is the case for the species examined here. In the present study, we compared three different models (maximum entropy correlative models, mechanistic models based on species thermal tolerance, and habitat cover) applied to three lizards of the genus Scincella (S. gemmingeri, S. lateralis and S. silvicola). Models were proposed for current climate scenario, and for 2050 at three SSPs greenhouse gas concentrations, assessing sites with suitable climate and habitat cover, optimum temperature for species survival, and to selecting the best predictive model. Current and future correlative models indicate areas with little climatic suitability within the thermal range that these lizards can tolerate; however, it was possible to corroborate the presence of populations of S. gemmingeri and S. silvicola in areas that do not have climatic suitability, but do have habitat coverage. These results support the hypothesis that the habitat and microhabitat structures protect these species against possible adverse climatic conditions. It may be that it is also necessary to measure physiological variables (to obtain the thermal range of each species), as well to include both habitat type and habitat structure in spatial analysis.
A review of the singing cicada fossils from the Pliocene Fossil-Lagerstätte Willershausen, Germany, with the description of three new species (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicinae and Cicadinae)
Authors: MOULDS MAX , KAULFUSS UWE , GEHLER ALEXANDER
Published: October 2023

The singing cicada fossils (Cicadidae), based mainly on isolated forewings, from the Pliocene Fossil-Lagerstätte Willershausen, Germany, are reviewed, including previously published material and unpublished specimens from the collections of the Geoscience Museum of the Geoscience Centre at the Georg August University in Göttingen, the State Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart, and the Geoscience Collections of the Clausthal University of Technology, which represent the three largest collections from this outstanding locality. Three new species, Tibicina lata sp. nov., Tibicina boulardi sp. nov. (Tibicinae), and Cicada tithonus sp. nov. (Cicadinae) are described based on forewing characters. Other singing cicadas from Willershausen are assigned to Tibicina sp., Tibicina aff. haematodes, Cicada aff. orni, Cicada aff. lodosi and indeterminable species.
A new hangingfly species (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation (Canada)
Authors: JOUAULT CORENTIN , COUTRET BAPTISTE , KONHAUSER KURT O. , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: October 2023

The order Mecoptera, commonly known as scorpionflies, has a long and fascinating evolutionary history that spans over 270 million years, if we consider its stem group. Despite their well-documented fossil record during the Mesozoic, many aspects of their diversity and evolution remain poorly understood. In this study, we increase the fossil record of Mecoptera by describing a new taxon from the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation (Alberta, Canada). This specimen is described as Bittacus? paskapooensis sp. nov. (Raptipedia: Bittacidae) but is assigned with caution to Bittacus due to the lack of apomorphic wing venation characters for this genus.
Circumscription of the genus Vietanna Lee & Pham, 2021 (Cicadidae: Leptopsaltriini) resulting in the synonymy of Duffelsa Wang et al., 2023
Authors: LEE YOUNG JUNE
Published: October 2023

The genus Vietanna Lee & Pham, 2021 described based on Vietanna hanoiensis Pham & Lee, 2021 is circumscribed and redescribed. By this, Duffelsa Wang et al., 2023 syn. nov. is synonymized with Vietanna. Duffelsa orientalis (Distant, 1912), Duffelsa parvula Wang et al., 2023, Duffelsa grandia Wang et al., 2023, and Duffelsa rubida Wang et al., 2023 are transferred to Vietanna from Duffelsa to become Vietanna orientalis (Distant, 1912) comb. nov., Vietanna parvula (Wang et al., 2023) comb. nov., Vietanna grandia (Wang et al., 2023) comb. nov., and Vietanna rubida (Wang et al., 2023) comb. nov..
Social Justice Implications for Development Communication: A Case Study of Body Dissatisfaction Disorder
Authors: Upadhyaya Shrinkhala , Melkote Srinivas R.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to broaden development communication on how it deals with building the capacity of people to live meaningful and expressive lives. We examined users of Facebook and Instagram who exhibit body dissatisfaction beliefs and eating disorder (ED) behaviours. An important objective was to examine the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among young adult users of social media. Another objective was to examine if body dissatisfaction among these users is associated with ED behaviours. The target population for the study constituted students at a midsize university in the United States. A self-administered web survey was used to collect information about individuals’ use of social media and its relation to body dissatisfaction, and consequently the prediction of ED behaviours. Correlational analyses were performed to answer the research question and test H2. Hierarchical regression was run to test H1. Regressions corresponding to the path model were run to test H3a and H3b. This study showed the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among users of social media, an association between body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviours, and further provided empirical evidence that attitude, norms and behaviour control exert an influence on intentions, which then influence disordered eating behaviour. The need for the present study was precisely to establish such a theory-based premise. This study then demonstrated how social media may be used as sites for development communication to combat and mitigate unhealthy physical appearance-based feelings and ideas, and potentially stop them from developing into more serious problems such as EDs.
Segmenting and Targeting Fashion Consumers Using Social Media: A Study of Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Singhal Virtika
Published: October 2023

The review of this research study segments online consumers into different consumer categories based on how they perceive and relate to the fashion business through social media. Therefore, the diversified nuances of consumer behaviour have been studied in this paper. The study focuses on two crucial stages that have a significant influence on social media usage in the world of fashion. This study categorises consumers into groups based on their perceptions and relationships they have with the fashion brands, using K-means cluster analysis. It is a ground-breaking study in the fashion world because it adopts the fashion consumer–brand relationship index and fashion consumer brand perception index with the aid of social media, laying a solid foundation for similar studies to be conducted in other fashion industry verticals. Policymakers might use the study’s results to build strategies to enhance consumer behaviour of marketers in the world of fashion.
Effect of Bleaching on the Microhardness and Modulus of Elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sricharan Sushritha , Hegde Swaroop , J. Narmada , Narayana Indiresha H. , Mohan Chatura , Shetty Nithin K.
Published: October 2023

Aim:

Bleaching is reported to have a deleterious effect on the physical properties of composite material. There is a lack of studies evaluating the effect of bleaching on ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching on the microhardness and modulus of elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE.

Materials and methods:

In this in vitro study, the effect of bleaching on two restorative materials was tested. The two restorative materials ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE and 3M Filtek Z350 Xt were subjected to bleaching with two concentrations of carbamide peroxide (15% and 35%). Measurements of Microhardness and Modulus of elasticity were recorded before and after the bleaching procedure. Data were checked for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Unpaired t test was applied to compare mean of different variables across groups ( p < .0001).

Results:

The microhardness and modulus of elasticity was higher among the 3M Filtek Z350 Xt group when compared to ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE. Approximately 35% carbamide peroxide showed the least values when compared to 15% carbamide peroxide.

Conclusion:

Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that 15% and 35% carbamide peroxide significantly decreased the Microhardness and Modulus of Elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE and 3M Filtek Z350 Xt. The deleterious effect was concentration dependent as more effect was noted with 35% Carbamide Peroxide. Therefore, patients have to be advised that the existing composite restoration might become softer after bleaching.
The short- and long-term changes of upper airway and alar in nongrowing patients treated with Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Cuiyu , Wang Kaixin , Jiang Chunmiao , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yiyan , Zhang Qianwen , Fan Cunhui , Liu Yang
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study aims to assess the short- and long-term changes in the upper airway and alar width after mini-implant -assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in nongrowing patients.

Methods

Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched up to 2 August, 2023 based on the PICOS principles. The main outcomes were classified into three groups: 1) nasal cavity changes, 2) upper airway changes and 3) alar changes. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess these changes. Heterogeneity tests, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also analyzed.

Result

Overall, 22 articles were included for data analysis. Nasal cavity width (WMD: 2.05 mm; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.00) and nasal floor width (WMD: 2.13 mm; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.11) increased significantly. While palatopharyngeal volume (WMD: 0.29 cm3, 95% CI: -0.44, 1.01), glossopharyngeal volume (WMD: 0.30 cm3, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.89) and hypopharyngeal volume (WMD: -0.90 cm3; 95% CI: -1.86, 0.06) remained unchanged, nasal cavity volume (WMD: 1.24 cm3, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.81), nasopharyngeal volume (MD: 0.75 cm3, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.06), oropharyngeal volume (WMD: 0.61 cm3, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.87), and total volume of the upper airway (WMD: 1.67 cm3, 95% CI: 0.68, 2.66) increased significantly. Alar width (WMD: 1.47 mm; 95% CI: 0.40, 2.55) and alar base width (WMD: 1.54 mm; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.87) also increased.

Conclusion

MARPE can increase nasal cavity width, nasal cavity volume, nasopharyngeal volume and oropharyngeal volume for nongrowing patients, but has no significant effect on hypopharyngeal volume. In addition, the alar width also increased. However, the studies included in this meta-analysis were mainly retrospective, nonrandomized and small in number, so the findings should be interpreted with caution and high-quality RCTs need to be studied.