bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “data-driven uncertainty” computational method to model and predict instabilities of a frictional system
Authors: Maaboudallah Farouk , Atalla Noureddine
Published: February 2023

Most of the recently developed methods for predicting instabilities of frictional systems couple stochastic algorithms with the finite element method (FEM). They use random variables to model the uncertainty of input parameters through standard probability laws. Regardless of the fact that advanced numerical schemes are available nowadays, a systematic and accurate method to describe finely the uncertainties upstream the model, and thus predict its response is still missing. In this contribution, we present a data-driven stochastic finite element scheme to predict the dynamic behavior of a rubbing system. The proposed framework relies on data-driven approach and uses four steps. In the first, the measured data are integrated directly, for the uncertainty quantification, by means of the random balance design (RBD). In the second step, the generated stochastic data are evaluated in an iterative way to solve friction-induced vibration problem. In the third step, the resulted data are reordered in such a way that the corresponding values of each measured input parameters are ranked in ascending order. Finally, the Fourier spectrum is introduced on the reordered results to compute the sensitivity indices. Thus, instead of Monte Carlo-based formalism or Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST), the computational cost of the proposed method is kept down to $$\mathcal {O}(N)$$

O
(
N
)

with N the number of samples. We investigate the efficiency of the suggested solver on a reduced brake system. Altogether, the suggested procedure achieves excellent accuracy at a much reduced computational time compared to the methods available in the literature.
Illness perceptions, fear of progression and health-related quality of life during acute treatment and follow-up care in paediatric cancer patients and their parents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Herzog Kristina , Schepper Florian , Pletschko Thomas , Herrmann Jessy , Budich Mihaela , Christiansen Holger , Suttorp Meinolf , Martini Julia
Published: February 2023

Background

This study examines the role of illness perceptions and fear of progression (FoP) in paediatric cancer patients and their parents for patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), controlling for sociodemographic and medical variables. 4–18-year-old patients in acute treatment or follow-up care and one parent were examined.

Methods

N = 46 patient-parent dyads in acute treatment and n = 84 dyads in follow-up care completed measures on illness perceptions (Illness-Perceptions-Questionnaire for 12–18-year-old patients and parents or as age-adapted puppet interview for 4–11-year-old patients) and FoP (Fear-of-Progression-Questionnaire for 7–18-year-old patients and parents). Patients also completed the KINDL-R to measure HRQoL. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were calculated.

Results

In acute treatment, patient’s perceptions of symptoms and cyclicity of their illness explained variation in their HRQoL in addition to sociodemographic and medical variables. In follow-up care, patient’s FoP and parent’s perception of consequences explained additional variation in patient’s HRQoL. Overall, sociodemographic and medical variables explained less variation in HRQoL in follow-up care than in acute treatment.

Conclusions

Our results stress the importance of psychological factors for the well-being of paediatric cancer patients, particularly in follow-up care, where sociodemographic and medical variables play a lesser role. We recommend screening for illness perceptions and FoP during and after acute treatment to support patients and parents. Furthermore, standardized interventions focussed on changing maladaptive illness perceptions should be developed and evaluated. As parents’ perceptions, thoughts, and feelings may also play an important role for the well-being of the patients, interventions should be family-focussed and include parents.

Trial registration The study has been pre-registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (registered 30/06/2020; DRKS00022034) and at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/3uwrx).
Does the likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules with RAS mutations increase in direct proportion with the allele frequency percentage?
Authors: Hudson Thomas J. , Pusztaszeri Marc Philippe , Hier Michael P. , Forest Veronique-Isabelle , Yang Ji-Wei , Payne Richard J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Genomic testing has enhanced pre-surgical decision making for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, but there remains uncertainty regarding RAS mutations. The addition of extra genetic alterations to previous driver mutation panels has been shown to improve predictive value. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the mutant allele frequency (AF) and likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules with RAS mutations.

Methods

A retrospective cohort review was performed evaluating patients with indeterminate cytology (Bethesda categories III, IV and V) and ThyroSeq® v3 testing demonstrating a RAS mutation, who underwent surgery. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to evaluate relationships between AF, other genetic alterations, and malignancy.

Results

Thirty-nine patients met criteria, 77% of the thyroid nodules (30/39) were found to be malignant. None demonstrated aggressive pathology. On univariate regression, there was no relationship between AF and likelihood of malignancy. There was, however, a significant correlation between AF and the rate of an additional genetic alteration. Multivariate analysis found a trend between RAS, a second genetic alteration and malignancy, but it did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

There was no direct relationship between the level of allelic frequency in thyroid nodules expressing RAS mutations and the likelihood of malignancy. There was a statistically significant relationship between increasing AF and the presence of a second genetic abnormality, suggesting a possible progression from initial driver mutation and then a second genetic alteration prior to malignant transformation.

Graphical Abstract
Well-concealed advanced duodenal carcinoma with Muir–Torre syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sugi Tomoyuki , Shimomura Osamu , Hashimoto Shinji , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Doi Manami , Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Akashi Yoshimasa , Araki Kazuhisa , Oda Tatsuya
Published: February 2023

Background

Muir–Torre syndrome is an autosomal-dominant mutation in mismatch repair genes that gives rise to sebaceous tumors and visceral malignancies over time. Because colorectal and genitourinary cancers are common in Muir–Torre syndrome, duodenal carcinoma diagnoses are often delayed.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old woman presented with severe emaciation, anorexia, and upper abdominal pain. She had a history of rectal carcinoma, ascending colon carcinoma, and a right shoulder sebaceous carcinoma. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography examinations suggested duodenal obstruction due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome, leading to long-term observation. Seven months later, she was finally diagnosed with duodenal carcinoma of the third portion. As the papilla of Vater was preservable due to tumor location, she received a partial duodenectomy in lieu of a pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathologically, the tumor was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with a classification of T3N0M0 Stage IIA (UICC, 8th edition). The postoperative course was uneventful and her appetite returned. A mutation in mismatch repair gene MSH2 confirmed the diagnosis of Muir–Torre syndrome genetically. Three years later, her nutritional status has fully recovered and she is free from both recurrence and metastasis.

Conclusion

In patients with comorbid skin sebaceous tumors and gastrointestinal malignancies, genetic screening is strongly recommended. Patients with Muir–Torre syndrome require long-term follow-up, and function-preserving treatment is desirable.
Nativeness versus intelligibility as goal of English pronunciation teaching in China: Changing attitudes in national syllabi and curriculum standards
Authors: Wang Ying , Wen Xu
Published: February 2023

Since the 1990s, the emphasis on intelligibility as a goal in pronunciation teaching rather than near-native or nativelike competence has been reinforced by the increasing use of English as a lingua franca. The insight of the intelligibility principle has greatly impressed researchers in China’s English education, but has “very limited and weak” impacts on English pronunciation teaching and learning in China. English education in China has been systematically conducted from schools to universities under the direction of national syllabi and curriculum standards issued by the Ministry of Education. Using the documentary research method, this paper, the first try of its kind, takes a historical look at China’s national syllabi and curriculum standards for schools issued after 1949, focusing on the conception of the nature and the role of pronunciation and pronunciation teaching, pronunciation goals, teacher’s role, as well as requirements or suggestions about what to teach and how to teach. By tracing the process of developments in pronunciation teaching notions and principles that were and/or are officially advocated in China, the paper reveals two important facts. First, the English national syllabi and curriculum standards have encompassed both the nativeness principle and the intelligibility principle, though implicitly giving dominance to the former one, which in part accounts for the favor for the nativeness principle in formal English education, especially in schools, in China. Second, with the notion of English as a lingua franca adopted in the syllabi and curriculum standards, the intelligibility principle has been gaining more and more weight. Consequently, by elaborating that the two principles are by nature not incompatible, it is proposed that the current curriculum standards go further to take balanced attitudes towards the two principles so as to lead Chinese English teachers and students to set more realistic and instrumental-pragmatic pronunciation goals in line with varying English learning purposes. The findings and the proposal could be adopted by teachers and learners so as to change the school reality and may shed light on future relevant revisions of the current national English curriculum standards, teaching material development, teacher training, and pronunciation teaching methodology research.
When and where does it pay to be green? – A look into socially responsible investing and the cost of equity capital
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Delgado Michael S. , Xu Jin
Published: February 2023

We investigate the circumstances under which socially responsible investing (SRI) enhances firm long-term financial performance, and therefore provides incentives for firms to self-regulate their environmental performance. Aggregating portfolios across SRI mutual funds, we estimate the effect of SRI investment with environmental screening criteria on firm cost of equity capital. We find that accounting for interactions between firm and non-shareholder stakeholders, and potential agency costs associated with certain environmental activities of the firm, SRI can facilitate the alignment of firms’ environmental and financial goals. We also find that an industry group’s environmental performance and diversity influence the extent to which a firm in that group can benefit from SRI investment.
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) versus MRI for breast cancer staging: detection of additional malignant lesions not seen on conventional imaging
Authors: Taylor Donna B. , Burrows Sally , Saunders Christobel M. , Parizel Paul M. , Ives Angela
Published: February 2023

Background

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is more available than MRI for breast cancer staging but may not be as sensitive in assessing disease extent. We compared CEM and MRI in this setting.

Methods

Fifty-nine women with invasive breast cancer underwent preoperative CEM and MRI. Independent pairs of radiologists read CEM studies (after reviewing a 9-case set prior to study commencement) and MRI studies (with between 5 and 25 years of experience in breast imaging). Additional lesions were assigned National Breast Cancer Centre (NBCC) scores. Positive lesions (graded NBCC ≥ 3) likely to influence surgical management underwent ultrasound and/or needle biopsy. True-positive lesions were positive on imaging and pathology (invasive or in situ). False-positive lesions were positive on imaging but negative on pathology (high-risk or benign) or follow-up. False-negative lesions were negative on imaging (NBCC < 3 or not identified) but positive on pathology.

Results

The 59 women had 68 biopsy-proven malignant lesions detected on mammography/ultrasound, of which MRI demonstrated 66 (97%) and CEM 67 (99%) (p = 1.000). Forty-one additional lesions were detected in 29 patients: six of 41 (15%) on CEM only, 23/41 (56%) on MRI only, 12/41 (29%) on both; CEM detected 1/6 and MRI 6/6 malignant additional lesions (p = 0.063), with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 1/13 (8%) and 6/26 (23%) (p = 0.276).

Conclusions

While MRI and CEM were both highly sensitive for lesions detected at mammography/ultrasound, CEM may not be as sensitive as MRI in detecting additional otherwise occult foci of malignancy.

Trial registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN 12613000684729
Identification and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi, Isaria javanica and Purpureocillium lilacinum isolated from the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Malaysia
Authors: Sani Ibrahim , Jamian Syari , Saad Norsazilawati , Abdullah Sumaiyah , Mohd Hata Erneeza , Jalinas Johari , Ismail Siti Izera
Published: February 2023

Background

Three of entomopathogenic fungi, identified as Isariajavanica (Cjc-03 and Cjw-01) and Purpureocilliumlilacinum (TS-01) were found naturally infecting the whiteflies, Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on chili and tomato plants. All the isolates were identified by morphological characterization and molecular identification (ITS region amplification). The virulence of the three isolates was evaluated against nymphs of B.tabaci at three different concentrations (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia/ml) under laboratory conditions and on adults of B.tabaci at one conidia concentration (1 × 107 conidia/ml) under laboratory and glasshouse conditions.

Results

Isariajavanica showed the highest virulence against B.tabaci nymphs and adults in both laboratory and glasshouse conditions. I.javanica exhibited the highest mortality in the laboratory against B.tabaci, nymphs at the highest concentration (1 × 108 conidia/ml) 8 days post-inoculation. Likewise, in the laboratory bioassay, B.tabaci, adults, Cjc-03 isolate exhibited maximum mortality (80.0%), followed by Cjw-01 isolate (77.5%), and TS-01 isolate (65.0%) at the concentration of 1 × 107 conidia/ml at 7 days post-inoculation. The highest mortality rate (63.45%) was recorded by the Cjc-03 isolate and TS-01 (54.22%) isolate at 3 days post-inoculation in glasshouse bioassay using the concentration of 1 × 107 conidia/ml of each of the 2 isolates (Cjc-03 and TS-01) against B.tabaci adults.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings showed that both isolates of I.javanica and P.lilacinum reduced the number of eggs, nymphs, and adults’ emergence of B.tabaci, following the application of 1 × 107 conidia/ml on tomato leaves in the glasshouse. The newly isolated strains could be developed as a potential commercial biopesticide for managing B.tabaci.
Beverage preference (coffee vs. tea) according to CYP1A2 gene rs2470893 SNP genotypes in the Tunisian population
Authors: Denden Sabri , Sellami Mohamed Hichem , Kibech Ridha , Haj Khelil Amel , Hamdaoui Mohamed Hédi
Published: February 2023

Background

Caffeine intake has been positively or negatively associated with the risk of chronic disease. Genome-wide association studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2472297 and rs2470893) in Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene that are involved in habitual caffeine intake. In this study, we investigated the association of common CYP1A2 SNPs (rs762551, rs2472297 and rs2470893) with most consumed caffeinated beverages intake (coffee and tea) in the Tunisian population. Five hundred and twenty healthy blood donors were enrolled. Coffee and tea intake data were extracted from dietary questionnaires of the participants. Genotyping was performed using PCR–RFLP. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

There were no significant genetic effects of rs762551 and rs2472297 SNPs on coffee (p = 0.083 and p = 0.70) or tea (p = 0.49 and p = 0.49) consumption, respectively. However, rs2470893 SNP A carriers displayed higher coffee consumption [p = 0.001, OR (95% CI) 1.46 (1.16–1.86)] and lower tea consumption [p = 0.001, OR (95% CI) 0.80 (0.70–0.97)]. After stratification by confounding factors, the genetic effect was observed in women (1.2% of variation in coffee intake and 9.6% of variation in tea intake), subjects ≤ 35 years (1.5% of variation in coffee intake) and nonsmokers (1.4% of variation in tea intake).

Conclusions

Our data are consistent with a beverage preference (coffee vs. tea) according to rs2470893 SNP genotypes (A carriers vs. GG). Furthermore, genetic variation is significant at the condition of lower CYP1A2 enzyme activity (among women, nonsmokers and younger age groups).
Does the use of panoramic radiography add information in the temporomandibular joint evaluation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients? A case control study
Authors: Rosa Vera Lucia Mestre , Zwir Liete M. Figueiredo , Dutra Marcelo Eduardo Pereira , Russo Gleice Clemente Souza , Rodrigues Wellington Douglas R. , Terreri Maria Teresa
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine the frequency of radiographic changes in the temporomandibular joint, in a representative population of patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and to compare with findings in healthy controls matched by sex and age.

Patients and Methods

One hundred and thirty-seven panoramic radiographies (PR) from JIA patients of a pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic were prospectively evaluated and compared to 137 PR from healthy individuals.

Results

102 (74.5%) JIA patients and 47 (34.3%) controls showed at least one radiological alteration (p < 0.001). The following radiographic alterations were more frequently observed in JIA patients than in controls: erosion (p < 0.001), altered condylar morphology (p < 0.001), disproportion between condylar process and the coronoid process (p < 0.001) and accentuated curve in the antegonial notch (p = 0.002). Twenty patients (14.6%) presented the four radiographic alterations simultaneously compared to only two controls (1.5%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Due to the difference in the frequency of findings in the PR of patients and controls, we concluded that PR has value as a screening tool. In the presence of major changes in the mandible head in the PR of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of JIA, MRI should be considered to detect an active inflammatory process in this joint.
Effects of dietary supplementation with prebiotics and Pediococcus acidilactici on gut health, transcriptome, microbiota, and metabolome in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after seawater transfer
Authors: Dhanasiri Anusha K. S. , Jaramillo-Torres Alexander , Chikwati Elvis M. , Forberg Torunn , Krogdahl Åshild , Kortner Trond M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Given the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds aiming at modulating gut microbiota and inducing the anticipated beneficial effects. However, present understanding of the impact of such functional feeds on the fish is limited. The study reported herein was conducted to gain knowledge on performance and gut health characteristics in post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed diets varying in content of functional ingredients. Three experimental diets, a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a diet with a combination of FOS and Pediococcus acidilactici (BC) and a diet containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and BC, were used in a 10-weeks feeding trial. A commercial diet without functional ingredients was also included as a control/reference. Samples of blood plasma, mucosa and digesta were subjected to microbiota, transcriptome and metabolome profiling for evaluation of the diet effects.

Results

No significant growth differences were observed between fish fed the supplemented diets, but FOS–BC fed fish showed significantly faster growth than the control fed fish. The microbiota results showed that the BC was present in both the digesta, and the mucosa samples of fish fed the FOS–BC and GOS–BC diets. Digesta-associated microbiota was altered, while mucosa-associated microbiota was relatively unaffected by diet. Replacing FOS with GOS increased the level of metabolites linked to phospholipid, fatty acid, carnitine and sphingolipid metabolism. Variation in metabolite levels between the treatments closely correlated with genera mainly belonging to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. The transcriptome analyses indicated diet effects of exchanging FOS with GOS on immune functions, oxidative defense and stress responses. No significant diet effect was observed on intestinal inflammation in the pyloric caeca or in the distal intestine, or on lipid accumulation in the pyloric caeca.

Conclusions

Dietary supplementation with BC induced moderate effects on the microbiota of the digesta, while the effects of replacing FOS with GOS were more marked and was observed also for nutrient metabolism. Our data indicates therefore that the quality of a prebiotic may be of great importance for the effects of a probiotic on gut microbiota, function, and health.
In vitro anticancer activity of hydatid cyst fluid on colon cancer cell line (C26)
Authors: Motavallihaghi Seyedmousa , Tanzadehpanah Hamid , Soleimani Asl Sara , Shojaeian Ali , Yousefimashouf Milad , Barati Nastaran
Published: February 2023

Background

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. Some parasites are introduced as an antineoplastic agents that can inhibit the progress of some cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crude hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) on clone cancer cell line (C26).

Methods

HCF was isolated from hydatid cysts by syringe, and at the first, its toxicity was obtained by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometer, and also the expression of Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results

The amount of apoptosis was increased in B antigen-treated cell lines in comparison with the control group. Also, the expression of BAX was increased in the treated group, while the BCL2 expression was decreased in comparison with the control one. Cell cycle analysis in the antigen-treated group compared to the other groups showed that the cells were more in the G0/G1 phase, as well as in the G2/M phase, and fewer cells were in the synthesis phase.

Conclusion

Our finding showed that HCF possibly contains active compounds and can limit the growth and development of C26 cell line by reducing or increasing the genes involved in apoptosis and finally the effect on the cell cycle.

Graphical Abstract
Intelligent optoelectronic processor for orbital angular momentum spectrum measurement
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhan Ziyu , Hu Futai , Meng Yuan , Liu Zeqi , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2023

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection underpins almost all aspects of vortex beams’ advances such as communication and quantum analogy. Conventional schemes are frustrated by low speed, complicated system, limited detection range. Here, we devise an intelligent processor composed of photonic and electronic neurons for OAM spectrum measurement in a fast, accurate and direct manner. Specifically, optical layers extract invisible topological charge information from incoming light and a shallow electronic layer predicts the exact spectrum. The integration of optical-computing promises us a compact single-shot system with high speed and energy efficiency (optical operations / electronic operations ~$${10}^{3}$$103), neither necessitating reference wave nor repetitive steps. Importantly, our processor is endowed with salient generalization ability and robustness against diverse structured light and adverse effects (mean squared error ~$$10^{(-5)}$$10(-5)). We further raise a universal model interpretation paradigm to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms in the hybrid processor, as distinct from conventional ‘black-box’ networks. Such interpretation algorithm can improve the detection efficiency up to 25-fold. We also complete the theory of optoelectronic network enabling its efficient training. This work not only contributes to the explorations on OAM physics and applications, and also broadly inspires the advanced links between intelligent computing and physical effects.
Efficacy and gastrointestinal tolerability of methotrexate in late-onset rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bayrak Esra Dilsat , Aktas Ilknur
Published: February 2023

Background

The proportion of the late-onset forms of disease is growing in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population. Concerns about comorbidities and drug adverse events lead to delay or ineffective treatment in these patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the tolerability and efficacy of methotrexate therapy in late-onset RA (LORA) patients and compare the baseline characteristics, efficacy, and gastrointestinal (GIT) adverse effects of methotrexate treatment between LORA and young-onset RA patients (YORA).

Results

Patients whose symptoms began after 65 years or older were classified as LORA. Baseline characteristics, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, C-reactive proten (CRP) levels, disease activity scores, and radiographs of hands and feet were recorded. Patients were started to methotrexate therapy and followed for 6 months. Female gender was predominant in both LORA and YORA. LORA patients had less seropositivity (RF or anti-CCP), higher CRP levels, and higher DAS 28 scores. More than half of the patients (58%) had large joint involvement. Remission rates were higher in LORA patients, and total remission and low disease activity rates were similar. Methotrexate withdrawal due to gastrointestinal adverse events (nausea and vomiting) was lower than YORA patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DAS 28 score was the only predictor for disease remission (p: 0.000), and no predictive factor was found for methotrexate-related adverse events.

Conclusion

Methotrexate-related gastrointestinal adverse events do not increase in LORA patients, and nausea-vomiting is seen lower than YORA. Methotrexate is well tolerated and effective in LORA patients, and a large amount of patients achieve treatment targets after 6 months of treatment with MTX. Methotrexate should be started immediately in LORA without additional concerns on adverse effects.
Pituitary Stem Cell Regulation by Zeb2 and BMP Signaling
Authors: Winningham Amanda H , Camper Sally A
Published: February 2023

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for many developing organs, and for wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. Pituitary stem cells undergo an EMT-like process as they migrate and initiate differentiation, but little is known about the input of signaling pathways or the genetic hierarchy of the transcriptional cascade. Prop1 mutant stem cells fail to undergo changes in cellular morphology, migration, and transition to the Pou1f1 lineage. We used Prop1 mutant mice to identify the changes in gene expression that are affiliated with EMT-like processes. BMP and TGF-β family gene expression was reduced in Prop1 mutants and Elf5, a transcription factor that characteristically suppresses EMT, had elevated expression. Genes involved in cell-cell contact such as cadherins and claudins were elevated in Prop1 mutants. To establish the genetic hierarchy of control, we manipulated gene expression in pituitary stem cell colonies. We determined that the EMT inducer, Zeb2, is necessary for robust BMP signaling and repression of Elf5. We demonstrated that inhibition of BMP signaling affects expression of target genes in the Id family, but it does not affect expression of other EMT genes. Zeb2 is necessary for expression of the SHH effector gene Gli2. However, knock down of Gli2 has little effect on the EMT-related genes, suggesting that it acts through a separate pathway. Thus, we have established the genetic hierarchy involved in the transition of pituitary stem cells to differentiation.
Ticket to a Museum: Reading Orhan Pamuk in Our Times
Authors: Rajan Rajeswari Sunder
Published: February 2023

This article is an inquiry into the Museum of Innocence in Istanbul, designed and built by the writer Orhan Pamuk as twin to his novel The Museum of Innocence (2008). It is interested in what might lie behind the desire of the contemporary novelist to buttress the world of his novel with the material addition of a museum (a collection of the things depicted in the novel), an artifact also invented by himself. Understanding the circumstances in which the alliance between novel and museum takes place, through Pamuk's explanations but going beyond them—its conditions of possibility, so to speak—provides the larger perspective in which it can be seen in dialectical relation to contemporary literature and culture.
Truth in Autobiography
Authors: Konrád György
Published: February 2023

Originally published in Common Knowledge 11, no. 2 (Fall 2005), this essay is reprinted in 2022 as the prelude to the first installment of a project titled “Antipolitics” and dedicated to the author's memory. “To really know” what a writer “is like,” Konrád writes here, “he would have to look back on his biography from after death” — and in this piece he hauntingly does so. Explaining that he composed his first autobiography upon being expelled from university in Hungary after Stalin's death in 1953, he defines the process as “the main event in the ritual of political detention.” In an overview of the writer's life, he describes any act of writing as like scratching one's initials “into the brick of a prison wall” in an effort “to avoid dying completely.” The editors of Common Knowledge, of whose editorial board Konrád was a founding member, chose to reprint this statement at the head of a symposium whose purpose is, in no small part, to help secure his posthumous existence.
“In the Mountain Forest I Lose My Self”: The Experience of No-Self in Wang Wei's Short Landscape Poems
Authors: Tähtinen Tero
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the dialectics of subject and object in Wang Wei's short landscape poems from the perspective of Buddhist metaphysics. First, the article traces Wang's Buddhist connections and surveys the Buddhist concepts, ideas, and practices of which Wang himself explicitly wrote in his essays and poems. Then it uses these ideas to analyze poems from his “Wang Stream Collection” (Wangchuan ji). The conjunctive theme of this article is the underlying emptiness of all existing phenomena, one of the main metaphysical doctrines of Mahayana philosophy and a recurrent motif in Wang's poetry. The author demonstrates that, when seen from the standpoint of emptiness, the relation of the perceiver and the perceived in Wang's short nature poems proves to be more sophisticated than usually thought. Because both the human agent and the natural objects around him are intrinsically empty, they are interrelated and interdependent in the act of perception at the deepest and the most subtle ontological level.
Διερεύνηση του αγγειογενετικού δυναμικού ενδομητριωσικών βλαβών σε διαγονιδιακό ζωικό πρότυπο
Authors: Ζαρκαδούλας Νικόλαος
Published: February 2023

Εισαγωγή: Οι υποδοχείς που ενεργοποιούνται από τον πολλαπλασιαστή υπεροξεισωματίων (PPARs) έχουν προταθεί ως ιατρική θεραπεία κατά της ενδομητρίωσης σε προκλινικές και κλινικές μελέτες. Η επίδρασή τους φαίνεται να πυροδοτείται μέσω της καταστολής της αγγειογένεσης. Στην παρούσα διδακτορική μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα διαγονιδιακό ζωικό μοντέλο με απώλεια έκφρασης των υποδοχέων PPAR-άλφα, για να μελετηθεί η επίδρασή τους στην πορεία των χειρουργικά επαγόμενων ενδομητριωσικών βλαβών. Μέθοδοι: Δέκα θηλυκά ποντίκια C57BL/6 που χρησίμευαν ως μάρτυρες και 10 B6;129S4-PPARatm1Γονζ/Ι διαγονιδιακά ποντίκια που χαρακτηρίζονται από απόλυτη απώλεια έκφρασης υποδοχέων PPAR-άλφα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για επαγωγή ενδομητρίωσης χειρουργικά.Αποτελέσματα: Πέντε ζώα (50%) στην ομάδα ελέγχου παρουσίασαν άφθονες ενδομητριωσικές αλλοιώσεις, ενώ μόνο ένα ζώο (10%) στη διαγονιδιακή πειραματική ομάδα είχε παρόμοια παθολογική εικόνα. Η νεοαγγείωση διέφερε σημαντικά μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων (p=0,034) ευνοώντας την ομάδα ελέγχου, καθώς ήταν εξαιρετικά περιορισμένη στα μισά PPAR-άλφα μηδενικά ζώα. Η διάμεση βαθμολογία φλεγμονής ήταν 2,5 (1-4) στην ομάδα με το γονίδιο, ενώ ήταν ελάχιστη, 1 (0-2), στην ομάδα C57BL/6. Ωστόσο, αυτές οι διαφορές δεν ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικές (p=0,101). Η ινοβλαστική δραστηριότητα ήταν επίσης πολύ περιορισμένη στο μοντέλο PPAR-α-ανεπάρκειας, ενώ τα ζώα που ανήκαν στην ομάδα ελέγχου παρουσίασαν ενδιάμεση αύξηση αυτού του δείκτη (p=0,022).Συμπεράσματα: Τα χειρουργικά επαγόμενα ενδομητριωσικά εμφυτεύματα σε ζώα με απώλεια έκφρασης των υποδοχέων PPAR-άλφα παρουσιάζουν σημαντικές διαφορές στην παθολογία τους σε σύγκριση με βλάβες που προκαλούνται σε ζώα μάρτυρες. Αυτές οι πληροφορίες υποδηλώνουν ότι οι υποδοχείς PPAR-άλφα έχουν σημαντική επίδραση στην πορεία της νόσου, υποδεικνύοντας ότι μπορεί να χρησιμεύσουν ως πιθανοί στόχοι για μελλοντικές ιατρικές θεραπείες.
Καντιανή δεοντοκρατία και θανατική ποινή
Authors: Καραμπάτος Ηρακλής
Published: February 2023

H εξέταση της καντιανής ηθικής, είτε διαλεκτικά με την ηθική φιλοσοφία του ωφελιμισμού ή την παράδοση της αριστοτελικής ηθικής φιλοσοφίας (αρεταϊκή ηθική) είτε μεμονωμένα, αναφορικά με τα σύγχρονα ηθικά προβλήματα, μπορεί ακόμη και σήμερα, αν εξεταστεί διερευνητικά, να προσφέρει αξιόλογα συμπεράσματα. Η καντιανή ηθική έχει εξεταστεί πολλάκις, ήδη από τα μέσα του 18ου αιώνα, τόσο που σήμερα θα μας επιτρεπόταν να κάνουμε λόγο για μια πλούσια βιβλιογραφία σχετιζόμενη πρωτογενώς με το ζήτημα της καντιανής ηθικής. Εντούτοις δεν παύει να θέτει αρκετά ζητήματα τόσο σε ερμηνευτικό όσο και σε ευρύτερα φιλοσοφικό πεδίο. Η πρωτοποριακή ηθική του Kάντ, με χαρακτηριστικό γνώρισμα την προσήλωση στην παραγωγή ηθικών κανόνων με αναφορά σε αιτήματα πρακτικής ορθολογικότητας, και την ιδέα πως ο πρακτικος λόγος πρέπει να χειραφετηθει από εξωτερικές εξαρτήσεις διασφαλίζοντας μια αντικειμενικότητα χωρίς να υπάρχει πλέον ανάγκη θεμελίωσης πάνω σε ετερόνομες μεταφυσικές στηρίξεις, ανανοηματοδοτεί την έννοια της ελευθερίας, η οποία νοείται πλέον ως μια μορφή ανεξαρτησίας από τη φυσική και κάθε άλλη αναγκαιότητα και ακριβέστερα ως αυτονομία και αυτενέργεια. Παρ'όλα αυτά, υφίσταται ένα ιδιαίτερο σημείο το οποίο ακόμα και σήμερα δημιουργεί ερωτήματα. Πρόκειται για την ανταποδοτική θεωρία της ποινής. Η καντιανή θεωρία της ποινής, με τον ανταποδοτικό της χαρακτήρα, ο οποίος φτάνει μέχρι σημείου υπεράσπισης της θανατικής ποινής, φαίνεται κατά κάποιον τρόπο ασύμβατη με το σύνολο της καντιανής ηθικής. Αυτό το μεγάλο ζήτημα είναι κατά βάση το υπό εξέταση κύριο αντικείμενο της προτεινόμενης αυτής διδακτορικής διατριβής. Το πώς δηλαδή η ανανοηματοδοτημένη έννοια της ελευθερίας και η επιταγή για μια λογική συνέπεια που πρέπει να πληρούται είναι ασύμβατη με την προσταγή για μια θανατική ποινή. Η κριτική αυτή ανάλυση, δεν θα γίνει μόνο εντός ακραιφνώς φιλοσοφικών θέσεων, αλλά και υπό τη θέση της χριστιανικής θεολογίας, πάνω στην οποία η καντιανή ηθική βρήκε εξωτερική στήριξη.
Reconstructing financial analysis courses in higher vocational education in China: a factor analysis approach
Authors: Yan Weiwei , Sun Pengge
Published: February 2023

Background: The development of information technology has had a significant impact on traditional financial analysis. For large amounts of data and complex business environments, financial analysts are required to use technical analysis tools to process mass data and deeply integrate financial analysis and enterprise value to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. This requires the reconstruction of the financial analysis courses in higher vocational education in China. This manuscript studies the problems existing in traditional financial analysis courses and reconstructs these.

Methods: A factor analysis approach is adopted to reconstruct the financial analysis courses. We study these courses from three perspectives — coursebooks, teachers, and teaching methods. We collected the data of relevant courses from online platforms in China and used content analysis to find the problems existing in the three areas.

Results: The authors found that the content of the coursebooks were incomplete and outdated, the teachers lacked practical ability and were unaware of data analysis tools. Furthermore, their teaching methods were inefficient.

Conclusions: The study reconstructs the financial analysis courses based on three aspects. First, the contents are supplemented with enterprise strategy, macro-environment analysis, industry analysis, business analysis, and the application of data analysis tools. Second, the teachers can work in the company to develop their vocational skills, and participate in training programs to learn data analysis tools. Third, the teaching methods can be dynamic and dual-purpose by cooperating with enterprises to enrich practical teaching. Furthermore, colleges and enterprises can make enterprise work a teaching task, develop simulation training platforms, and provide vocational skill grade certificates.
The genome sequence of the Common Blue, Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775)
Authors: Lohse Konrad ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Vila Roger ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Polyommatus icarus (the Common Blue; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The genome sequence is 512 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.6 kilobases long. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,350 protein-coding genes.
Endometriosis - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kwiatkowski Piotr , Gładysz Konrad , Szydłowska Justyna , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kuczyńska Beata , Czelej Magdalena , Kłos Aleksander , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Endometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecological disease characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The condition affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, diagnosis is usually delayed for many years which postpones the introduction of appropriate treatment.

Aim of the study: Summary of the current state of knowledge on endometriosis, analyzing the pathogenesis, the current diagnostic approach, highlighting the problem of fertility in this disease entity and presenting treatment options.

Methods and materials: A review of the literaturę available in the PubMed database and GoogleScholar from the last 5years was conducted,using the following keywords: endometriosis”, „endometriosis pathogenesis”, „endometriosis diagnosis”, „infertility in endometriosis”, „endometriosis treatment”

Results: Among the etiological factors mentioned are congenital, environmental, epigenetic, autoimmune and allergic factors. The main theory for the formation of the condition is retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity and implantation of endometrial cells. Laparoscopy is nowadays the gold standard for diagnosis, but less invasive methods that can shorten the time to diagnosis are being sought. Current treatment is limited to surgery, hormonal treatment and analgesics which are associated with many side effects.

Conclusion: Endometriosis is the cause of infertility, chronic pain and reduced quality of life in many women. Non-invasive diagnostic tests such as imaging studies, genetic tests, biomarkers or miRNAs have diagnostic potential but more analysis is needed to be applied in daily clinical work. Future research should focus on learning and understanding the pathogenesis, identifying subtypes of the disease, and a modern approach to diagnosis and comprehensive treatment taking into account concomitant general symptoms.
High-resolution ultrasonography is a more useful primary diagnostic tool than magnetic resonance imaging for subungual glomus tumors: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kim Yong Been , Choi In Cheul , Park Ji Hun , Nam Jae Jun , Hwang Kyo Sun , Park Jong Woong
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has better resolution, have been suggested as appropriate diagnostic tools for digits; however, comparative studies of both modalities are scarce. This study compared the diagnostic performance of high-resolution US and MRI in characterizing subungual glomus tumors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of consecutive patients who were examined with high-resolution US and MRI before surgical exploration for subungual tumors from January 2017 to April 2020. The patients’ clinical data and radiological findings were collected. Historical reports for diagnostic confirmation and measurements of mass size were reviewed. We conducted the McNemar test and evaluated the degree of agreement between the size measurements made using both techniques.Results: Overall, 22 patients (age range, 19–72 years) underwent surgical exploration and had subungual glomus tumors. The mean duration from initial symptom presentation to diagnosis was 7 years (range, 5–30) years. Only nine patients (40.9%) presented with the symptomatic triad of pain, cold sensitivity, and tenderness. MRI detected lesions in 19 cases (86.4%); three cases (13.6%) were undetected. Contrastingly, US was able to detect all lesions. Nine patients (40.9%) had visibly rich blood flow in tumor tissues on Doppler US. MRI and US showed bone erosion in eight and 15 cases, respectively. Conclusion: The detection rate of high-resolution US for subungual glomus tumors was as high as that of MRI. US can be applied easily and quickly and can be more useful as a primary diagnostic tool.
Softening Competition Through Unilateral Sharing of Customer Data
Authors: Choe Chongwoo , Cong Jiajia , Wang Chengsi
Published: February 2023

We study how a data-rich firm can benefit by unilaterally sharing its customer data with a data-poor competitor when the data can be used for price discrimination. By sharing data on the segment of market that is more loyal to the competitor and keeping the data on the competitor’s most loyal segment to itself, the firm can induce the competitor to raise its price for consumers on which it does not have data. Such data sharing is an example of a fat-cat strategy as it softens price competition that follows data sharing. Although consumer surplus decreases as a result of data sharing, total surplus can increase when the sharing firm concedes its market share to the competitor, which improves the quality of consumer–firm matching.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Funding: C. Choe and C. Wang gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council [Grant DP210102015]. J. Cong would like to acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72003035, 72192845] and Shanghai Pujiang Program [Grant 2019PJC007].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4689 .
Moral Foundations, Himpathy, and Punishment Following Organizational Sexual Misconduct Allegations
Authors: Dodson Samantha J. , Goodwin Rachael D. , Graham Jesse , Diekmann Kristina A.
Published: February 2023

We build on deontic justice and moral foundations theories to shed light on responses to sexual misconduct at work by proposing a model that explains why some third parties punish accusing victims and support alleged perpetrators. We theorize that when third parties are given conflicting he-said, she-said information, they intuitively evaluate organizational injustice based on moral values. We further theorize that binding moral foundations (loyalty, authority, purity) give rise to sympathy toward men accused of sexual misconduct and anger toward female accusers. Across five studies (total n = 5,413) utilizing archival, field, and vignette designs, we examined third-party responses to sexual misconduct accusations ranging in severity across several industries. Third-party endorsement of binding moral foundations was linked to increased perpetrator-directed sympathy and victim-directed anger (Studies 1–4). These emotions jointly mediated the relationship between binding values and credibility perceptions of the accusing victim and the alleged perpetrator (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, victim credibility was negatively associated with social sanctions and punishment severity levied toward the accusing victim, and perpetrator credibility was negatively associated with the same punishment outcomes for the alleged perpetrator (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 5, we found that managers framing the accusing victim as disloyal exacerbated negative judgments and emotions toward the victim and positive judgments and emotions toward the perpetrator for individuals who highly ascribe to binding moral foundations. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of moral concerns on third parties’ emotions, judgments, and motivations to punish actors involved in sexual misconduct allegations.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1652 .
Management of Zygomatic Arch Fracture in Polycythemia Vera Patient-A Case Report
Authors: Satyasai R.S.G. , Patruni Prasanna , Nagasai K Nagasai K , Sravani P Sravani P , Meghana V Meghana V , Divya P Divya P
Published: February 2023

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplastic condition characterized by an unregulated synthesis of red blood cells (RBCs). There is often simultaneous stimulation of the megakaryocytic and myeloid lineages; this causes an increase in the synthesis of white blood cells and platelets2. As a result, there is an increased risk of thrombosis and bleeding. Due to the extensive vascular network of the face and jaw7 and limited surgical access to perform hemostasis, traumatic injuries and surgical procedures are among the most common causes of increased blood loss. Zygomatic bone fracture is one of the most frequent fractures of the facial skeleton. The zygomatic bone is a strong bone that supports the maxilla and the skull base. However, its prominence makes it highly susceptible, mainly when impact occurs on both sides of the face4. Facial bone fractures are associated with 1–11% excess blood loss. These complications have the potential to increase perioperative morbidity and mortality significantly. Adequate precautions must be taken in treating these patients for successful outcomes. The management of patients with PV includes therapeutic preoperative phlebotomy, increased fluid intake, and antiplatelet therapy. This report demonstrates the management of a complex procedure such as maxillofacial trauma in a PV patient with a normal coagulation profile.