bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOME OF ANTE-NATAL CARE PATIENTS WITH CORD AROUND THE NECK FINDING IN TERM PREGNANCY
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DattaMeghe Medical College and ShalinitaiMeghe Hospital and Research Centre, Wanadongri, Nagpur, India 441110., L. Jungari Mugdha , Dang Palak ,   Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DattaMeghe Medical College and ShalinitaiMeghe Hospital and Research Centre, Wanadongri, Nagpur, India 441110.
Published: June 2022

Umbilical cord may sometimes surround the fetal neck, often detected during routine ultrasonography or delivery. The cord around neckmay untwines spontaneously, however, the continued presence of cord loops around neck affects the fetal outcome. Objectives: To study the incidence of cord around the neck finding (nuchal cord)and feto-maternal outcome. Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Central India. During the study period of 18 months, out of 1672deliveries, 470 deliveries had nuchal cord. The relevant data was extracted from the hospital records. Results: At the time of delivery, nuchal cord incidence was 28.1%. Out of 470 deliveries, 273 underwent LSCS with fetal distress possibly due to oligohydramnios as their prime indication. Low birth weight was seen among 26.8% newborns. 8.7 % newborns were admitted in NICU. However, no perinatal mortality was reported. Conclusion: Presence of nuchal cord at the time of delivery is quite common. One must rely on clinical skills for pre-delivery diagnosis of nuchal cord, especially in rural and peri-urban areas,where last-trimester USG reports are not available. The nuchal cord when accompanied by oligohydramniosdoes interfereduringlabour, and the outcome of delivery with respect to fetal distress.
RESTITUTION AND RETURN OF CULTURAL PROPERTY TO INDIA: A MYTH OR REALITY
Authors: Battacharjya Soma
Published: June 2022

India has rich cultural heritage since past. During colonial time the same was subjected to misappropriation by Colonial rulers. Many movable Cultural property is lying in Britain for decades. This paper attempts to find out the current trend in the process of restitution and Return of Cultural property to India. Whether the restitution/ return of Cultural Property is a myth or reality in Indian Context? Who will return and who will receive the property is the main question to ask. Whether national and international law are helpful to this regard. A short study is also presented based on news paper coverage, where instances of return is shown and at the same time instances where the cultural property is yet to be returned is indicated in the study. Based on that a conclusion is drawn as to where we stand today.
AWARENESS, INTEREST AND LIMITING FACTORS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH: MEDICAL STUDENTS PERSPECTIVE IN A NORTH INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak Haryana, India-124001. 9034048979., Rani Pooja , Yadav Suman ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak Haryana, India-124001. 9034048979., Verma Usha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak Haryana, India-124001. 9034048979., Kanta Rathi Suresh ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak Haryana, India-124001.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In recent times there is decline in the number of clinicians involved in research activities all over the world including India. A medical student having the knowledge of scientific concepts along with his clinical experience can serve a key role in the advancement of medical science. Introduction of research methodology at an early stage will help medical students to inculcate the aptitude of evidence-baseddecision-making in their clinical practice. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study, in which 198 students (98 female and 100 male) from the 1st year M.B.B.S batch of Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate institute of medical sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess their awareness, interests and possible limitations in medical research. Results: Out of 198 students, more females were aware about the scope of research in medical education than males. Females showed more interest in participating in Under Graduate research projects as compared to males. Lack of time and burden of studies were considered limiting factors more in females than males Students coming from rural background were lagging behind the ones from urban background in their awareness and interest in research. Conclusion: Though majority of students were aware and showed interest in participating in research activities, lack of time and burden of studies were the major limiting factors in their research participation.
THE ROLE OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS TO REALIZE SUSTAINABLE AND PRO-POOR DEVELOPMENT IN CÃ”TE DIVOIRE, CASE OF SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT CASSAVA
Authors: Paulin Adouko , Araceli Ondo , Prosper Mangoma
Published: June 2022

During the current research, the present situation of cassava production and technology, as well as commercialization and consumption, were investigated in Cote dIvoire. The study included 800 value chain participants who were chosen at random from three ecological regions: south, west, and center. 300 farmers, 250 government regional district or village-based policy advisors, and 250 consumers were interviewed using a baseline survey form. According to the findings, approximately 35% of cassava producers are aware of the new cassava varieties, and more than 80% of those who are informed decided to utilize them. Traditional kinds are favoured by farmers (40 percent to 90 percent) over improved types, according to a study conducted in ecoregions. Despite the good yields, high food processing capacity, and taste features indicated by farmers, improved varieties Bocou 1, TMS4 (2)1425, and Bocou 2 are less popular for cultivation. More than half of the farmers said they would use the Rapid Seed Multiplication (RSM) approach. In contrast to the West and South, where pounded cassava is more commonly consumed, other locations examined prefer dehydrated cassava (Attieke) meal. Despite enhanced varieties high yields and cassava growers eagerness to adopt new cassava technologies, research and extension services should be strengthened to account for the ecological particularities of production, commercialization, and consumption.
A REVIEW ON RESPONSE OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) UNDER SALINITY STRESS IN TERMS OF ITS GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BIOCHEMICAL LEVEL
Authors:   Student of M.Sc, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India., Banerjee Dipanwita , Choudhury Bhaskar ,   Assistant Professor, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India.
Published: June 2022

Salinity is an important environmental factor that limits growth and yield of rice. It currently affects millions of hectares of soils otherwise suitable for rice cultivation in South and Southeast Asia. Attempts to understand the mechanisms of salt tolerance have revealed several key enzymes and altered biochemical pathways to infer crop resistance to salt stress. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed extensive research into the development of salt-tolerant varieties through traditional methods, improvisation with modern molecular tools and techniques. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food crop in many countries around the world. Being a glycophyte by nature, its growth can be severely affected in the presence of excessive salt. Rice is particularly susceptible to salinity in the early vegetative and late reproductive stages, and the response of crops to excess salt toxicity at the biochemical and molecular levels as well as at the physiological level has been well studied and documented. This review aims to summarizes the different responses of rice, especially to salt toxicity, exhibited the detailed physiological, morphological, molecular and biochemical changes that occur in the rice plants.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS PRESENTED WITH POST TRAUMATIC VISION LOSS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors:   M.S. Ophthalmology, Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Ophthalmology, M.L, B. Medical College, Jhansi (UP)., Kumar Jitendra , Kumari Rashmi ,   JuniorResident, Department of Ophthalmology, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi (UP)., Jain Apoorva ,   JuniorResident, Department of Ophthalmology, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi (UP).
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To explore the epidemiological aspects, clinical profile and outcome of TON. Methods: 36 eyes of 36 patients were examined from August 2021 to April 2022 admitted at Emergency department presented with post traumatic uniocular sudden loss or diminution of vision. Visualacuity, fundus examination, OCT, NCCT head with orbit, MRI brain with orbit done in all patients. T-test and Fishers exact test were used as statistical methods. Results: Younger (18- 35 years) age group was more vulnerable to optic nerve injury. Indirect optic nerve injury was more common that direct optic nerve injury. Visual outcome was better in patients presented within 8 hours of injury. Eight patients managed surgically had BCVA (Best corrected visual acuity) at discharge 6/18 to 6/6.Twenty-eight patients who received medical management had BCVA 6/24(V.A.finger count at 3meter). Conclusion: Indirect optic nerve injury was common in cases of TON. Early surgical intervention associated with better visual outcome. Medical managementif started within 8 hours of injury associated with relatively better visual outcome.
CROSSTALK BETWEEN NAFLD AND CKD AND ITS EFFECT ON EGFR
Authors:   Professor, Department of Nephrology, MLN Medical College, Prayagraj, UP., Gupta Arvind , Khatri Manoj ,   Associate Professor, Sone Lal Patel ASMC, Pratapgarh, UP., Narain Upma ,   Microbiologist & Immunologist, Tejas Microdiagnostics, Prayagraj, UP.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:- NAFLD and CKD are associated with poor outcomes and high costs they have become major public health problems owing to their increasing prevalence and incidence. The present study is determined to establish the association between NAFLD and CKD by studying the effect of NAFLD on eGFR. Material and Methods:- This prospective observational study was conducted at MLN Medical College, SRN hospital, Prayagraj and Tejas Microdiagnostics. A total of 800 newly diagnosed CKD patients were enrolled. Among CKD patients NAFLD was diagnosed by USG whole abdomen, degree of steatosis, and severity was accessed by FIB-4 score. Renal function of the CKD patients was examined at the beginning of the study and six monthly follow up of serum creatinine was done. Study was completed after 18 months. Results:- Out of 800 CKD patients, 600 patients were diagnosed with NAFLD while 200 patients did not show any symptom of NAFLD. These 200 patients were taken as control. A significant increase in serum creatinine and significant decline of eGFR was noted. CKD patients with NAFLD have significantly higher FIB-4 score than patients without NAFLD. Patients with high FIB-4 score (> 1.1) had significant decline of eGFR while in patients without NAFLD, decline of eGFR was not statistically significant. Conclusion:- The findings of the study clearly establish a high prevalence of NAFLD in CKD patients and their impact on the renal functions. After excluding the other causes of CKD and Fatty liver disease, NAFLD can be considered as an independent risk factor of CKD.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF WELL WATER IN ANGONDJENTOM AREA (LIBREVILLE SUBURB)
Authors:   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, Libreville, B.P. 17009, Libreville Gabon., Ndjeri Ndjouhoua Marthe , Aubin Ondoa Jean ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, Libreville, B.P. 17009, Libreville Gabon., Minfoumou Minko Julia ,   Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences (LAPLUS), Ecole Normale SupÃ©rieure, Libreville, B.P. 17009, Libreville Gabon.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work was to assess the quality of well water used as the main source of water by people living in AngondjeNtom area (Libreville suburb). In this regard, twelve wells were submitted from physicochemical and bacteriological analyses. The values obtained for each parameter were compared to the standard value set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and were found within the safe limits set by the WHO. In this regard this water does not present a particular danger for the populations drinking it. A bacteriological analysis has shown the presence of pathogenic germs exposing populations to diseases. This exposure is all the more worry because, in AngondjeNtom area, wells are very frequently located near showers and/or latrines and are often poorly maintained. In addition, the same physicochemical analyses carried out in rainy season reveal an increase in conductivity and turbidity values.
ANOMALY OF BIRTH OF CORONARY ARTERIES FROM THE PULMONARY ARTERY: EXPERIENCE OF THE CARDIOPEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT OF THE LOUIS PRADEL HOSPITAL OVER THE LAST 20 YEARS
Authors:   Chu Louis Pradel, Lyon, France. Chu Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco., Idriss Deka Ibrahim , Fadoum Hassan ,   Chu Louis Pradel, Lyon, France. Chu Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco., Sylvie Di-Filippo ,   Chu Louis Pradel, Lyon, France. Chu Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco., Mohamed Cherti ,   Chu Louis Pradel, Lyon, France. Chu Ibn Sina, Mohamed V University of Rabat, Morocco.
Published: June 2022

Submit: Abnormal coronary artery birth from the pulmonary artery (PA) is a rare disease, characterized by age-dependent clinical forms. We will describe the clinical, electrical and echocardiography features and the management strategy of this disease in adults. Materials and methods: We enrolled 9 patients, 6 with the diagnosis of ALCAPA and 3 of ARCAPA. The mean age was 32 years with a sex ratio of 1.5/1. The presentations consisted of exertion symptoms and incidental findings. LVEF was reduced in 33% of patients with ALCAPA. Moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) was found in 44% of cases, particularly in cases of ALCAPA. Coronary CT scans confirmed that all our patients had coronary artery anomalies from the PA. The surgical treatment of coronary reimplantation was the therapeutic method of choice and was performed in 88% of our patients. Conclusion: Coronary birth defect from PA is a very rare congenital pathology. The clinical symptomatology that leads to the discovery of the disease is diverse. Doppler imaging and CT scann is a key tool in the positive diagnosis. Early re-implantation surgery can avoid complicated forms.
INTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURES OF DISTAL HUMERUS MANAGED WITH ANATOMIC PRE-CONTOURED PLATES VIA OLECRANON OSTEOTOMY APPROACH
Authors:   Senior Resident, Deptt. Of Orthopaedics, Govt Medical College, Jammu., Mahajan Rahul , Choudhary Nitin ,   Senior Resident, Deptt. Of Orthopaedics, Govt Medical College, Jammu., Gupta Sanjeev ,   Prof and Head, Deptt. Of Orthopaedics, Govt Medical College, Jammu., Mahajan Neeraj ,   Lectures, Deptt. Of Orthopaedics, Govt Medical College, Jammu.
Published: June 2022

The treatment for displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus is open reduction and internal fixation with early rehabilitation. Best exposure of both columns and articular surface of the distal humerus is achieved through olecranon osteotomy approach and fixation of two columns of distal humeruswith orthogonal plate construct which will allow absolute stability and early rehabilitation to restore early elbow joint function. 16 cases of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with orthogonal plate construct via olecranon osteotomy approach. Chevron type olecranon osteotomy was performed and fixed with tension band wiring using 6mm CCS and SS wires in all cases. Radiological evaluationand regular clinical examination were done as per Mayo elbow Performance score. All fractures united within average duration of 3 months. More than 1000 range of motion is attained in 14 of cases. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 90.01 indicating excellent results. The factors for a successful outcome of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus depends upon anatomic reduction, surgical technique, stable internal fixation, and early rehabilitation. ORIF with orthogonal plate construct securing both humeral columns via olecranon osteotomy approach results in excellent healing and functional outcomes.
Efficacy of sibutramine in different types of eating behavior in obese patients
Authors: Matveev G. A. , Babenko A. Yu.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. One of the key factors contributing to the development and progression of obesity is impairment eating behavior (EB). Therefore, drug therapy for obesity should not only reduce hunger, contributing to weight loss, but also reducing the severity of EB disorders.

Aim. Assess the representation of different types of EB in obese patients, the effect of sibutramine therapy on dynamics EB by The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and for hunger/satiety on a visual analog scale (VAS). Quality life of patients, adherence to treatment of obese patients and their weight dynamics in different types of EB during therapy with sibutramine was also assessed.

Materials and methods. The study included 36 obese patients (30 women and 6 men), mean age 38.7 ± 10.8 years, mean body weight 102.8 ± 16.4 kg, body mass index (BMI) 36.8 ± 4.6 kg/m2, receiving therapy with sibutramine at a dose of 10 mg per day once in the morning before meals in combination with hypocaloric nutrition.

Results and discussion. The study showed the prevalence of the emotiogenic type of eating disorders in patients. However, it was pointed out that sibutramine therapy combined with hypocaloric nutrition proved its efficacy in any type of eating disorders. Positive dynamics anxiety/depression in subclinical conditions during treatment with sibutramine was also revealed.

Conclusion. Sibutramine treatment may be recommended for the development of a new EB model in obese patients because it is effective in reducing weight in any type of EB disorder.
Possible clinical applications of knowledge about the genetics of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Plakhotnyaya V. M.
Published: June 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a polygenic disease that develops as a result of the interaction of hereditary predisposition and environmental factors. The predisposition to develop T2DM is associated with the inheritance of certain alleles of “healthy” genes. More than 100 polymorphic variants of genes that increase the risk of developing T2DM have already been described. Today, genes predisposing to the development of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are the most well studied. In addition, genes that affect lipid metabolism and eating behavior and genes of some cytokines can participate in the formation of a genetic predisposition to the development of T2DM. Our article reviews the most promising potential areas of application of knowledge about the genetics of T2DM in clinical practice. The first direction is to specify the classification and stratification of T2DM into subclasses/clasters. The second one is an individual assessment of the risk of developing T2DM and its complications. Today, predictive models of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes are not accurate enough for widespread use in clinical practice, but now researchers are actively working to improve their accuracy and effectiveness. And finally, knowledge about the genetics of T2DM can help predict the effectiveness of glucose-lowering therapy. In this review, we also discuss the topic of metabolic disease endophenotypes. The concept of endophenotypes suggests the presence of certain pathogenic common links in the pathogenesis of IR, obesity, T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease, which are based on certain polymorphic gene variants. The results of research in the field of genetics of T2DM give us new possibilities for a personalized approach to the management of this complex disease.
Pharmacoeconomic research of surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: preoperative endovascularly occlusion classes
Authors: Zyabkin I. V. , Iaremenko E. Yu. , Yunusov A. S. , Garashchenko T. I. , Grachev N. S.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Intraoperative control of bleeding during surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JAN) remains controversial. There is no consensus as to the routine use of preoperative embolization, given its high cost and inconsistent availability of the procedure in care centers. There were no publications devoted to the comprehensive pharmacoeconomic analysis of preoperative vascular embolization (PVE) occlusion classes on the surgical treatment of JAN by the time of publication Aim. To evaluate pharmacoeconomic value of preoperative vascular embolization (PVE) occlusion classes (non-embolized, incomplete and complete) on the surgical treatment of JAN.

Materials and methods. A total of 139 patients who underwent JNA surgical resection in 2013-2021 time period were identified. All of these patients were treated in National Medical Research Center for Children's Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev. We evaluated JNA surgical resection outcomes, length of stay (LOS) with prognostic factors using a multiple linear regression (MLR), cost-per-day (CPD), cost-minimization analysis (CMA), cost-utility ratio (CUR), willingness to pay (WTP) with purchasing power parity (PWP).

Results and discusion. Surgical transnasal endoscopic treatment of JAN in the quaternary healthcare center, regardless of the degree of embolization and the presence/absence of intraoperative blood transfusion, is at the willingness-to-pay threshold for the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. The most cost-utility method of treatment remains the absence of embolization (within clips placed in the larger diameter vessels). and the absence of blood transfusion, the least cost-utility method is the incomplete embolization, regardless of the presence/absence of blood transfusion.

Conclusion. The results of the pharmacoeconomic study emphasize the high significance of the rejection of routine preoperative vascular embolization of JAN and implementation of standard risk-adapted treatment algorithm for indications of preoperative vascular embolization. Which is particularly important for resource allocations and health policy decision making to increase the efficacy and safety of the JNA treatment.
Epoetin alpha in the treatment of anemia in patients with malignant solid tumors during antitumor drug therapy
Authors: Vladimirova L. Yu. , Abramova N. A. , Lyanova A. A. , Storozhakova A. E. , Popova I. L. , Teplyakova M. A. , Tikhanovskaya N. M. , Ryadinskaya L. A. , Kalabanova E. A. , Kabanov S. N. , Udalenkova I. A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Erythropoietin (EPO) application is a pathogenetic method for anemia correction in cancer patients.

The purpose of study. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Eralfon® (epoetin alpha) in treatment for anemia in patients with malignant solid tumors during medical anticancer therapy.

Materials and methods. We analyzed the data on anemia treatment with Eralfon® in 184 patients with malignant solid tumors receiving various medical anticancer therapies. Eralfon® was injected subcutaneously 12 000 IU 3 times per week or 40 000 IU once a week. Clinical antianemic effect, the time to maximum antianemic effect, adverse events (AE) were analyzed.

Results. Patients were stratified by the grade of anemia, stages of treatment, presence of bone metastases, bleeding, previous medical and radiation anticancer therapies, dosage of Eralfon®. The time to effect was shorter in patients under 65. There were no significant differences in efficacy depending on the dosing regimen of Eralfon®. Efficacy was lower in patients with advanced tumors, especially in bone metastases. A history of tumor bleeding, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy prolonged the period of hemoglobin recovery to normal values. Arterial hypertension and venous thrombosis were the most common AE associated with Eralfon®. Eralfon® 12 000 IU 3 times per week caused less frequent complications, with no cases of ossealgia and myalgia.

Conclusion. Eralfon® demonstrated clinical efficacy in treatment for anemia in patients with solid malignant tumors receiving medical anticancer therapy. Dosage of 12 000 IU 3 times per week provided better control of the antianemic effect and adverse events.
Induction of ovarian steroidogenesis as an additional potential risk factor for progression in premenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer receiving tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy
Authors: Goryainova A. Yu. , Stukan A. I. , Lymar E. V. , Khachmamuk Z. K. , Selezneva I. G.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Patients with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) over 40 years old who take tamoxifen are not subject to mandatory castration. However this cohort of patients is not homogeneous.

Aim. The present study is aimed at studying the features of ovarian steroidogenesis in perimenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) with tamoxifen.

Materialy and methods. The study included 82 patients aged 42 to 53 years with GH+BC who received HT with tamoxifen 20 mg daily. Within 9 months from the start of HT in patients, the levels of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone in the peripheral blood were studied every 3 months.

Results. In 66.7% of patients who received chemotherapy (CT), the development of amenorrhea was noted. Half of the patients in the HT-only group demonstrated amenorrhea. Oligomenorrhea was observed in 20.8% and 16.7% in each group, respectively. The incidence of amenorrhea in women treated with chemotherapy was higher (OR 2.02; 95% CI: 0.73-5.67), but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.1766). In the general cohort, in 15.7-16.8% of patients, the level of estradiol exceeded 251 pg / ml - the upper limit of the norm of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Differences between groups in the incidence of estradiol levels > 251 pg/ml were statistically significant (p = 0.0293). 3.4-5.6% of patients in the total cohort (depending on the period of observation) had an estradiol level > 649 pg / ml, which corresponded to the highest ovulatory value.

Conclusions. Against the background of HT with tamoxifen in some perimenopausal patients hyperestrogenism is observed which indicates the implementation of the effect of induction of ovarian steroidogenesis and can be considered as an additional potential risk factor for the progression of HR+BC. Amenorrhea after CT is not a reliable marker of ovarian suppression.
Checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung carcinoma therapy for progression to the brain (clinical observation)
Authors: Vladimirova L. Yu. , Popova I. L. , Abramova N. A. , Teplyakova M. A. , Tikhanovskaya N. M. , Lianova A. A. , Storozhakova A. E. , Ryadinskaya L. A. , Kabanov S. N. , Kalabanova E. A.
Published: June 2022

The development of a new area of antitumor drug therapy, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1, has significantly changed approaches to the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical benefit as well as the long-term effect of these drugs. Currently, the problem of treatment of patients after disease progression against the background of the use of checkpoint inhibitors is relevant. Equally relevant is the issue of choosing the correct and most effective treatment tactics for NSCLC patients with oligoprogression, as well as with abscopal effect. This paper describes a clinical case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma without driver mutations with PD-L1-positive status, who was treated with nivolumab after second-line chemotherapy for disease progression, and after oligoprogression of the disease into the brain was given stereotactic radiotherapy of metastatic lesion and continued therapy with nivolumab. Partial regression of metastases was achieved with a prolonged effect on the background of continued treatment with nivolumab for 24 months. Tolerability of therapy was satisfactory: no adverse events were observed. The patient retained the result for 1.5 years.
Symptomatic melanoma metastases in the brain: are we using all therapy options?
Authors: Orlova K. V. , Akhmetianova A. E. , Kogay E. V. , Demidov L. V.
Published: June 2022

In recent years, significant advances have been made in systemic therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma of the skin, resulting in an increase in one-year overall survival (OS) from 25 to 85% and 5-year OS from less than 10 to 60% in certain patient subgroups. Approximately 50% of patients with metastatic skin melanoma are diagnosed with metastatic brain lesions in the course of the disease. Modern drug therapy for metastatic brain lesions is slowly but surely proving to be effective. Thus, in the presence of a mutation in the BRAF gene, BRAF inhibitor monotherapy provides an intracranial objective response rate (iORR) of 25 to 40%, whereas BRAFi + MEKi combined targeted therapy (CTT) achieves already 58% iORR, including in patients with symptomatic metastases to the brain. However, the duration of responses achieved on targeted therapy (TT) is shorter than for extracranial disease prevalence. On the other hand, regardless of the presence of a BRAF mutation, immunotherapy (PD-1 monotherapy) achieves a response in approximately 20-22% of patients, but these responses are more durable, although fewer than on TT. The combination of CTLA-4 + PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors produces long-lasting responses with a iORR of 51-54%. However, the achievement of these results and an overall increase in life expectancy with immunotherapy is mostly possible in symptom-free patients and in patients receiving low or no doses of glucocorticosteroids (10 mg or less on prednisolone). Therefore, for symptomatic patients, especially those whose tumors have been identified with a BRAF mutation, a combination of targeted therapy, which would quickly achieve an objective response in 58%, and anti-PD1/PDL1 immunotherapy, which is likely to increase the duration of the response achieved and give a chance for a sustained remission, looks promising. This article provides an overview of key studies and our own experience with the triple combination in metastatic brain lesions.
Numerical investigation of the multiphase flow patterns and removal effect in a large dissolved air flotation
Authors: Tang Jinjie , Long Yun , Fu Yu , Long Xinping , Zhang Zuti
Published: June 2022

The standard k–ε model coupled with the mixture model was used to study two-phase flow in a large dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. The numerical results can simulate fairly well the velocity vectors and air volume fraction distribution data of a DAF unit from the literature. The typical DAF structure parameters were analyzed in detail to investigate their predicted influences on the internal flow structure and removal effect. The simulations indicated that the short length of the separation zone was not conducive to the formation of a stratified flow pattern, and the turbulent kinetic energy at the bottom of the separation zone increased as the length decreased. With the increase in the height of the DAF tank, the horizontal flow structure in the separation zone would be disrupted, and the distribution range and the intensity of the turbulence kinetic energy increased. Further analysis showed that the formation of horizontal stratified flow facilitated the removal of bubbles, and the formation of stratified flow is related to the size of the DAF unit. Detailed analyses showed that the reduction of DAF height and the increase of separation zone length were beneficial to improve the bubble removal efficiency. Finally, a theoretical analysis was carried out to study the relationship between DAF parameters and the removal effect. The results revealed that when the horizontal flow structure was not destroyed and stratified flow occurred, the bubble removal efficiency was positively linearly related to the length of the separation zone. The removal efficiency increases as DAF height decreases.
ALKBH5 Expression could Affect the Function of T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Patients: A Case-control Study
Authors: Deng Li-Jun , Fang Xin-Yu , Wu Jun , Li Qing-Ru , Mao Yan-Mei , Leng Rui-Xue , Fan Yin-Guang , Ye Dong-Qing
Published: June 2022

Background:

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is widespread in eukaryotic mRNA, regulated by m6A demethylase, AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). However, the role of m6A in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still obscure. We explored ALKBH5 expression in SLE patients and its effects on T cells.

Methods:

100 SLE patients and 110 healthy controls were recruited to investigate the expression of ALKBH5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). An additional 32 SLE patients and 32 health controls were enrolled to explore the expression of ALKBH5 in T cells. Then we explored the function of ALKBH5 in T cells by lentivirus.

Results:

The expressions of ALKBH5 were downregulated in both PBMCs and T cells in SLE patients (all P< 0.05). In PBMCs: ALKBH5 mRNA levels were associated with complement C4 level in plasma (P< 0.05). In T cells: ALKBH5 mRNA levels were downregulated in SLE patients with low complement levels, high anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and proteinuria compared with those without, respectively (all P< 0.05); ALKBH5 mRNA levels were negatively related with SLE disease activity index score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and anti-dsDNA levels (all P< 0.05), and positively correlated with complement C3 and C4 level (all P< 0.05). Functionally, the overexpression of ALKBH5 promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of T cells (all P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

Conclusion: ALKBH5 expression is downregulated in SLE patients and could affect the apoptosis and proliferation of T cells, but the exact mechanism still needs to be further explored.
Solid Lipid Nanoformulation of Berberine Attenuates Doxorubicin Triggered
in vitro Inflammation in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Rawal Shalini , Bhatnagar Priyanka , Yadav Harlokesh Narayan , Dinda Amit Kumar
Published: June 2022

Aim:

To evaluate berberine solid lipid nanoparticles' efficacy against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Background:

Berberine (Ber) is cardioprotective, but its oral bioavailability is low and its effect in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity has not been studied.

Objective:

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of berberine chloride were prepared, characterized and evaluated in vitro against Doxorubicin induced cardiomyocyte injury.

Methodology:

Berberine loaded SLNs (Ber-SLNs) were synthesized using water-in-oil microemulsion technique with tripalmitin, Tween 80 and poloxamer 407. Ber-SLNs were evaluated for preventive effect against toxicity of Doxorubicin in H9c2 cells. The culture was pre-treated (24 h) with Ber (10 µM) and Ber-SLNs (1 and 10 µM) and exposed to 1 µM of Doxorubicin (Dox) was added for 3 h. The cell viability (LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) assay and MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)), levels of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), Nitrite, MDA (Malondialdehyde), ROS (Reactive oxygen species) generation and apoptotic DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) content were assessed.

Results:

Ber-SLNs had a mean particle size of 13.12±1.188 nm, zeta potential of -1.05 ± 0.08 mV, poly-dispersity index (PDI) of 0.317 ± 0.05 and entrapment efficiency of 50 ± 4.8%. Cell viability was 81  0.17% for Ber-SLNs (10 µM) and 73.22  0.83% for Ber (10 µM) treated cells in MTT assay. Percentage cytotoxicity calculated from LDH release was 58.91  0.54% after Dox, 40.3  1.3% with Ber (10 µM) and 40.7  1.3% with Ber-SLNs (1 µM) (p<0.001). Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were lower with Ber and Ber-SLNs. Attenuation of ROS generation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were noted on fluorescence microscopy.

Conclusion:

Ber loaded SLNs effectively prevented Doxorubicin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in rat cardiomyocytes. The results demonstrate that microemulsion is a simple, cost-effective technique to prepare Ber-SLNs and may be considered as a drug delivery vehicle for berberine.
Advantages of Self-assembled Nano Peptide Hydrogels in Biological Tissue
Engineering
Authors: Sun Nianfeng , Tian Ailing , Xue Junshuai
Published: June 2022

With the development of tissue engineering research, biological scaffolds have been widely
studied and applied in the field of regenerative medicine. Self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogels have
good biocompatibility, and their seed cells can be used for their biological activities and have no toxic
side effects. The products can be absorbed and degraded by the organism and have great advantages in
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Studies have shown that the self-assembled nano peptide
hydrogel and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) mixed solution are "biological ink".
3D related biological printing technology can be used to print related tissue models and induce ADMSCs
to differentiate into blood vessels. It is further illustrated that the use of self-assembled nano
peptide hydrogel scaffolds to load stem cells has a good application prospect in stem cell transplantation
and 3D biological printing.
Gastrointestinal Changes and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sohrabi Mona , Sahu Bijayani , Kaur Harpreet , Hasler Wendie A. , Prakash Atish , Combs Colin K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

There is a well-described mechanism of communication between the brain and gastrointestinal system in which both organs influence the function of the other. This bi-directional communication suggests that disease in either organ may affect function in the other.

Objective:

To assess whether the evidence supports gastrointestinal system inflammatory or degenerative pathophysiology as a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:

A review of both rodent and human studies implicating gastrointestinal changes in AD was performed.

Results:

Numerous studies indicate that AD changes are not unique to the brain but also occur at various levels of the gastrointestinal tract involving both immune and neuronal changes. In addition, it appears that numerous conditions and diseases affecting regions of the tract may communicate to the brain to influence disease.

Conclusion:

Gastrointestinal changes represent an overlooked aspect of AD, representing a more system influence of this disease.
Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance by Serratia nematodiphila sp. MB307: Insights
from Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics
Authors: Yasmin Azra , Basharat Zarrin , Moon Kyung-Mee , Foster Leonard J.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Heavy metals impact living organism deleteriously when exceed the required limits. Their remediation by bacteria is a much pursued area of environmental research. In this study, we explored the quantitative changes for four heavy metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Zinc, Copper), on global and membrane proteome of gram negative S. nematodiphila MB307. This is a versatile bacterium, isolated from rhizosphere of heavy metal tolerating plant and equipped with characteristics ranging from useful biopeptide production to remediation of metals.

Methods:

We explored changes in its static end products of coding DNA sequences i.e. proteins after 24 incubation under metal stress, using LC-MS/MS. Data analysis was done using MaxQuant software coupled with Perseus package.

Results:

Up and downregulated protein fractions consisted prominently of chaperones, membrane integrity proteins, mobility or transporter proteins. Comparative analysis with previously studied bacteria and functional contribution of these proteins in metal stress offers evidence for survival of S. nematodiphila under high concentrations of selected metals.

Conclusion:

The outcomes validate that this soil derived bacterium is well attuned to remove these metals from soil, water and may be additionally useful for boosting phytoremediation of metals. This study delivers interesting insights and overlays ground for further investigations into mechanistic activity of this bacterium under pollutant stress.
Heart Failure And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Neurohumoral, Histological
And Molecular Interconnections
Authors: Ivanchenko V. , Ushakov A. , Gagarina A.
Published: June 2022

Heart failure (HF) is a global healthcare burden and a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) appears to be one of the major risk factors
that significantly worsen HF prognosis and increase the risk of fatal cardiovascular outcomes. Despite
a great knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in HF development and progression,
hospitalization rates in patients with HF and concomitant T2DM remain elevated. In this
review, we discuss the complex interplay between systemic neurohumoral regulation and local
cardiac mechanisms participating in myocardial remodeling and HF development in T2DM with
special attention to cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and calcium metabolism,
cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, extracellular matrix remodeling.
Neurocognitive Changes in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Receiving Combination
Therapy of Interferon and Ribavirin: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Mohd Ashif , Wani Momin Altaf , Agarwal Nidhi B. , Yasmeen
Published: June 2022

Background:

Approximately 3% of the world’s total population is affected by the Hepatitis
C virus (HCV). The treatment for HCV differs widely across countries, and one of the therapies used
is the combination of interferon (INF) and ribavirin (RBV). Few studies have shown that this combination
increases the rate of sustained virological response in HCV patients, resulting in beneficial effects
on cognition, while other studies report that it leads to cognitive decline. Thus, this systematic
review aims to assess the effects of INF+RBV therapy on neurocognitive changes in HCV patients.

Methods:

Studies reporting the effect of INF+RBV on neurocognitive changes were searched using
Scopus, PubMed, Academia, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane. The studies were retrieved
till August 23, 2021. The quality assessment of the included studies was done using
Cochrane’s bias assessment tool.

Results:

A total of 6380 articles were found in the initial search. After removing the duplicates, 619
articles were screened on the basis of titles. Further, after the screening, 54 articles were screened on
the basis of abstract, and finally, 16 articles were included in this study. Nine studies reported a decline
in cognitive function post-INF+RBV therapy, while 7 articles reported improvement in cognitive functions.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the combination therapy of INF and RBV may result in cognitive decline
in HCV patients.
Diagnosis and Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lauritano Ernesto Cristiano , Sepe Federica Nicoletta , Mascolo Maria Carmela , Boverio Riccardo , Ruiz Luigi
Published: June 2022

Stroke is defined as an acute cerebrovascular accident characterized by an interruption of vascular supply lasting more than 24 hours. Therapeutic goal, reassumed at the well-known “time is brain”, is strictly focused on achieving timely restoration of cerebral blood flow at risk of infarction to reduce neurological complications. Consequently, time to treatment is the most important determinant of the efficacy of reperfusion. Current guidelines strongly recommend the use of intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy to reach that goal. These therapies allow to obtain 1.9 million neurons saved per each minute of onset-to-reperfusion time and 4.2 days of extra healthy life and are crucial in the reduction of mortality and morbidity of ischemic stroke. Multidisciplinary collaboration involving a coordinated prehospital management and stroke team composed of physicians with expertise in emergency medicine, neurologists, radiologists, nurses, technicians, and laboratory personnel are essential for rapid triage and should guide clinical decisions to deliver the appropriate reperfusion therapy for each patient.
Hepatic Encephalopathy by Manganese Deposition: A Case Report and a
Review of Literature
Authors: Abenavoli Ludovico , Fabiano Giulia , Procopio Anna Caterina , Aquila Isabella , Pellicano Rinaldo , Barone Stefania , Morelli Maurizio
Published: June 2022

Background:

Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disor-ders in patients with liver dysfunction, usually cirrhosis, after exclusion of brain disease. This study reports the role of manganese in brain alterations and clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopa-thy.

Case Presentation:

Male patient, 67 years old, suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis and two pre-vious episodes of hepatic encephalopathy, developed drowsiness, asterixis, amnesia, disorientation in time and space, and psychomotor retardation. Brain MRI without contrast showed initial signs of cerebral atrophy, a hyperintense signal of globi pallidi and bilateral substantia nigra. The hyperintense signal of globi pallidi is the result of manganese deposition in the brain.

Conclusion:

The case report presented supports the data reported in the literature, indicating that the increase in plasma manganese levels in subjects with liver dysfunction is correlated with the onset of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban and Warfarin for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in an Omani Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Al-Maawali Maya Said , Al-Naamani Hamed Hilal , Mokadem Leila Neshat , Al-Maawali Ghalib , Salman Bushra , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

Objective:

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin as well as to determine the appropriateness of dosing and prescribing of rivaroxaban in Omani patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Royal Hospital data registry. The study included all adults newly diagnosed with NVAF and treated with rivaroxaban or warfarin. The outcomes measured include ischaemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), non-gastrointestinal bleeding (NGIB), as well as appropriateness of dosing and prescribing of rivaroxaban.

Results:

The analysis included 96 rivaroxaban users and 183 warfarin users; 51% of the cohort included males. There were no significant differences observed in the risk of ischaemic stroke between the two groups (hazard ratio (HR), 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-3.4; p=0.8). However, those on rivaroxaban exhibited a significantly higher rate of GIB compared to those on warfarin (HR, 5.9; 95% CI: 2.9-11.7; p=0.001). There were no differences observed with regards to NGIB between the two groups (HR, 0.9; 95% CI: 0.4-1.9; p=0.8). Dosing and prescribing of rivaroxaban were found to be appropriate in 89% of the patients, with only 6% being prescribed an inappropriately lower dose.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated no significant differences in the risk of ischaemic stroke or NGIB between rivaroxaban and warfarin groups in newly diagnosed NVAF patients. However, rivaroxaban users were found to have a significantly higher risk of GIB. Rivaroxaban was appropriately prescribed to the majority of the patients, and only a small proportion of the group received an inappropriately lower dose of rivaroxaban.