bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor agonist lipopeptides self-assemble into distinct nanostructures
Authors: Hamley Ian W. , Kirkham Steven , Dehsorkhi Ashkan , Castelletto Valeria , Reza Mehedi , Ruokolainen Janne
Published: October 2014

The self-assembled structure of toll-like receptor agonist lipopeptides containing the CSK4 peptide sequence is examined in aqueous solution.
Direct C–H difluoromethylenephosphonation of arenes and heteroarenes with bromodifluoromethyl phosphonate via visible-light photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Wei Xiao-Jing , Lei Wen-Long , Chen Han , Wu Li-Zhu , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2014

Direct C–H difluoromethylenephosphonation of arenes and heteroarenes with bromodifluoromethyl phosphonate under visible-light irradiation is achieved through addition of phosphonodifluoromethyl (PDFM) radicals to aromatic rings.
The electronic structure of metal–molecule hybrids in charged interfaces: surface-enhanced Raman selection rules derived from plasmon-like resonances
Authors: Román-Pérez J. , López-Tocón I. , Castro J. L. , Arenas J. F. , Soto J. , Otero J. C.
Published: October 2014

New kinds of SERS selection rules derived from plasmon-like resonances in metal–molecule hybrids.
A droplet-to-digital (D2D) microfluidic device for single cell assays
Authors: Shih Steve C. C. , Gach Philip C. , Sustarich Jess , Simmons Blake A. , Adams Paul D. , Singh Seema , Singh Anup K.
Published: October 2014

We have developed a new hybrid droplet-to-digital microfluidic platform (D2D) that integrates droplet-in-channel microfluidics with digital microfluidics for performing multi-step single cell assays.
Characterization of nanometer-thick polycrystalline silicon with phonon-boundary scattering enhanced thermoelectric properties and its application in infrared sensors
Authors: Zhou Huchuan , Kropelnicki Piotr , Lee Chengkuo
Published: October 2014

In this study, nanometer-thick poly-Si shows its impressively low thermal conductivity due to strong phonon-boundary scattering, demonstrating great potential for application in thermoelectric devices.
Transfer of antioxidants at the interfaces of model food emulsions: distributions and thermodynamic parameters
Authors: Losada-Barreiro Sonia , Sánchez-Paz Verónica , Bravo-Díaz Carlos
Published: October 2014

Caffeic acid and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) incorporate spontaneously into the interfacial regions of emulsions and their transfer processes are entropy driven.
Fe-promoted radical cyanomethylation/arylation of arylacrylamides to access oxindoles via cleavage of the sp3 C–H of acetonitrile and the sp2 C–H of the phenyl group
Authors: Pan Changduo , Zhang Honglin , Zhu Chengjian
Published: October 2014

Radical cyanomethylation/arylation of arylacrylamides to access oxindoles with acetonitrile as a radical precursor is described, involving dual C–H bond functionalization.
Nanomaterials via solution combustion synthesis: a step nearer to controllability
Authors: Wen Wei , Wu Jin-Ming
Published: October 2014

Recent progress in phase- and morphology-controlled solution combustion synthesis envisages mass fabrications of nanomaterials with more specified phases and morphologies.
Effect of enteral administration of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid against methotrexate induced intestinal toxicity in albino rats
Authors: Raj Prince , Singh Manjari , Rawat Jitendra Kumar , Gautam Swetlana , Saraf Shubhini A. , Kaithwas Gaurav
Published: October 2014

The present study was conducted to show the effect of α-linolenic acid (18 : 3, ω-3) and linoleic acid (18 : 2, ω-6) on experimental intestinal toxicity induced by methotrexate.
Fabrication of bioactive glass-introduced nanofibrous membranes with multifunctions for potential wound dressing
Authors: Ma Weibin , Yang Xianyan , Ma Liang , Wang Xingang , Zhang Lei , Yang Guojing , Han Chunmao , Gou Zhongru
Published: October 2014

Bioactive glass-introduced gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous dressings were developedviaelectrospinning to endow improved antibacterial activity, adjustable bioactivity and water uptake capacity for enhancing chronic wound healing.
Four d10 metal coordination polymers based on bis(2-methyl imidazole) spacers: syntheses, interpenetrating structures and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Xue Li-Ping , Chang Xin-Hong , Ma Lu-Fang , Wang Li-Ya
Published: October 2014

Combining 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate and bis(2-methyl imidazole) mixed ligands, four interpenetrating CPs with sql, dmp and dia networks have been constructed.
Ligand-free copper-catalyzed efficient one-pot access of benzo[b]pyrido[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepinones through O-heteroarylation-Smiles rearrangement-cyclization cascade
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Mondal Pallab , Roy Sushmita , Mitra Partha
Published: October 2014

An optimized protocol towards synthesis of benzopyrido[1,4]oxazepinones of potential biological relevance is achieved by coupling of N-substituted-o-chloronicotinamides and o-halogenated naphthols/phenols.
Polypyrrole derivatives for electrochromic applications
Authors: Camurlu Pinar
Published: October 2014

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of recent progress in polypyrrole derivatives which are specially designed for electrochromic applications.
3D interconnected SnO2-coated Cu foam as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion battery applications
Authors: Um Ji Hyun , Park Hyeji , Cho Yong-Hun , Glazer Matthew P. B. , Dunand David C. , Choe Heeman , Sung Yung-Eun
Published: October 2014

A SnO2-coated Cu foam with 3D interconnected scaffold was fabricated as a self-supporting anode for lithium-ion batteries. The binder- and carbon- free electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity by preserving its structural integrity.
Probing the second dehydrogenation step in ammonia-borane dehydrocoupling: characterization and reactivity of the key intermediate, B-(cyclotriborazanyl)amine-borane
Authors: Kalviri Hassan A. , Gärtner Felix , Ye Gang , Korobkov Ilia , Baker R. Tom
Published: October 2014

The key intermediate in metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane to borazine is shown to be the BN analog of ethylcyclohexane.
Flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitors with long-time stability constructed on PET/Au/polyaniline hybrid electrodes
Authors: Zhang Kun , Hu Haibo , Yao Weitang , Ye Changhui
Published: October 2014

Symmetrical, flexible, and all-solid-state supercapacitors based on Au/polyaniline hybrid electrodes integrated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate film are presented.
Interprofessional Education and Practice: A Primer for Training Future Clinicians
Authors: Zraick Richard I. , Harten Ana Claudia , Hagstrom Fran
Published: October 2014

Speech-language pathologists and audiologists often share roles and responsibilities with other professionals as they contribute to the health and wellness of clients/patients in educational and medical settings. Emerging changes in the educational and health care landscapes in the United States are increasing the demand for interprofessional collaboration to improve treatment outcomes. Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders need to be responsive to health care and educational reforms and expose students to collaborative learning opportunities with those outside their professions. This introductory-level article reviews terminology and concepts related to two approaches to training tomorrow's clinicians today, Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPP). The article also discusses the challenges and opportunities related to IPE and IPP, and makes a call to action for both approaches to address educational and health care changes in the United States.
Uplink radio resource allocation in orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access heterogeneous networks with limited feedback
Authors: Dashti Mina , Mokari Nader , Abedi Mohhamad Reza
Published: October 2014

Femtocell networks are expected to offer significant performance improvement with low cost. However, adaptive transmission based on maximising the sum rate of macro and femto networks requires perfect channel quality information (CQI) of the macro and femto links. This assumption requires an infinite resolution feedback link, which is not always practical since it requires an excessive amount of bandwidth. This study considers the problem of maximising average sum rate under the constraint of average maximum power transmission at macro and femto users. A suboptimal iterative algorithm is developed for finding the optimal CQI quantisers as well as the discrete power and rate at macro and femto transmitter for each quantised CQI level so as to maximise the average sum rate of the system. The author's numerical results give the number of bits required to sufficiently represent the CQI to achieve almost the maximum sum rate attained using full knowledge of the CQI.
Active learning combining uncertainty and diversity for multi‐class image classification
Authors: Gu Yingjie , Jin Zhong , Chiu Steve C.
Published: October 2014

In computer vision and pattern recognition applications, there are usually a vast number of unlabelled data whereas the labelled data are very limited. Active learning is a kind of method that selects the most representative or informative examples for labelling and training; thus, the best prediction accuracy can be achieved. A novel active learning algorithm is proposed here based on one‐versus‐one strategy support vector machine (SVM) to solve multi‐class image classification. A new uncertainty measure is proposed based on some binary SVM classifiers and some of the most uncertain examples are selected from SVM output. To ensure that the selected examples are diverse from each other, Gaussian kernel is adopted to measure the similarity between any two examples. From the previous selected examples, a batch of diverse and uncertain examples are selected by the dynamic programming method for labelling. The experimental results on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Improved photovoltaic characteristics of amorphous Si thin‐film solar cells containing nanostructure silver conductors fabricated using a non‐vacuum process
Authors: Kung Chung‐Yuan , Liu Jun‐Chin , Chen Yu‐Hung , Lin Chen‐Cheng , Lu Hsin‐Wei , Liu Yung‐Tsung , Lin Chao‐Cheng
Published: October 2014

A low‐cost, highly reflective, liquid organic nanostructure silver conductor with superior conductivity, using back contact reflectors in amorphous silicon (a‐Si) single‐junction superstrate configuration thin‐ﬁlm solar cells produced using a non‐vacuum screen printing process is proposed. The conductive paste is composed of Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) mixed with an Ag nanostructure (Ag NS) sheet. The paste is referred to as ‘Ag NWS’. A comparison of silver conductor samples with vacuum‐system‐sputtered silver samples indicated that the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of Ag NWS conductor cells exceeded 0.22 mA/cm2 and 66 mV, respectively. The Ag NWS conductor with back contact reflectors in solar cells was analysed using external quantum efficiency measurements to effectively enhance light‐trapping ability in a long wavelength region (580–700 nm). The cells constructed using the optimised Ag NWS demonstrated an increase of approximately 6.1% in power conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 illumination. These results indicated that the Ag NWS conductor back contact reflector layer is a suitable candidate for high‐performance a‐Si thin‐film solar cells.
Multiband signal reconstruction for random equivalent sampling
Authors: Zhao Y. J. , Liu C. J.
Published: October 2014

The random equivalent sampling (RES) is a sampling approach that can be applied to capture high speed repetitive signals with a sampling rate that is much lower than the Nyquist rate. However, the uneven random distribution of the time interval between the excitation pulse and the signal degrades the signal reconstruction performance. For sparse multiband signal sampling, the compressed sensing (CS) based signal reconstruction algorithm can tease out the band supports with overwhelming probability and reduce the impact of uneven random distribution in RES. In this paper, the mathematical model of RES behavior is constructed in the frequency domain. Based on the constructed mathematical model, the band supports of signal can be determined. Experimental results demonstrate that, for a signal with unknown sparse multiband, the proposed CS-based signal reconstruction algorithm is feasible, and the CS reconstruction algorithm outperforms the traditional RES signal reconstruction method.
Quantitative high dynamic range beam profiling for fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Mitchell T. J. , Saunter C. D. , O’Nions W. , Girkin J. M. , Love G. D.
Published: October 2014

Modern developmental biology relies on optically sectioning fluorescence microscope techniques to produce non-destructive in vivo images of developing specimens at high resolution in three dimensions. As optimal performance of these techniques is reliant on the three-dimensional (3D) intensity profile of the illumination employed, the ability to directly record and analyze these profiles is of great use to the fluorescence microscopist or instrument builder. Though excitation beam profiles can be measured indirectly using a sample of fluorescent beads and recording the emission along the microscope detection path, we demonstrate an alternative approach where a miniature camera sensor is used directly within the illumination beam. Measurements taken using our approach are solely concerned with the illumination optics as the detection optics are not involved. We present a miniature beam profiling device and high dynamic range flux reconstruction algorithm that together are capable of accurately reproducing quantitative 3D flux maps over a large focal volume. Performance of this beam profiling system is verified within an optical test bench and demonstrated for fluorescence microscopy by profiling the low NA illumination beam of a single plane illumination microscope. The generality and success of this approach showcases a widely flexible beam amplitude diagnostic tool for use within the life sciences.
Room temperature p-type conductivity and coexistence of ferroelectric order in ferromagnetic Li doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Awan Saif Ullah , Hasanain S. K. , Anjum D. H. , Awan M. S. , Shah Saqlain A.
Published: October 2014

Memory and switching devices acquired new materials which exhibit ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order simultaneously. We reported multiferroic behavior in Zn1−yLiyO(0.00≤y≤0.10) nanoparticles. The analysis of transmission electron micrographs confirmed the hexagonal morphology and wurtzite crystalline structure. We investigated p-type conductivity in doped samples and measured hole carriers in range 2.4 × 1017/cc to 7.3 × 1017/cc for different Li contents. We found that hole carriers are responsible for long range order ferromagnetic coupling in Li doped samples. Room temperature ferroelectric hysteresis loops were observed in 8% and 10% Li doped samples. We demonstrated ferroelectric coercivity (remnant polarization) 2.5 kV/cm (0.11 μC/cm2) and 2.8 kV/cm (0.15 μC/cm2) for y = 0.08 and y = 0.10 samples. We propose that the mechanism of Li induced ferroelectricity in ZnO is due to indirect dipole interaction via hole carriers. We investigated that if the sample has hole carriers ≥5.3 × 1017/cc, they can mediate the ferroelectricity. Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic measurements showed that higher electric polarization and larger magnetic moment is attained when the hole concentration is larger and vice versa. Our results confirmed the hole dependent coexistence of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric behavior at room temperature, which provide potential applications for switchable and memory devices.
Physics of gate leakage current in N-polar InAlN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors
Authors: Goswami Arunesh , Trew Robert J. , Bilbro Griff L.
Published: October 2014

A physics based model of the gate leakage current in N-polar InAlN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors is demonstrated. The model is based on the space charge limited current flow dominated by the effects of deep traps in the InAlN surface layer. The model predicts accurately the gate-leakage measurement data of the N-polar InAlN/GaN device with InAlN cap layer. In the pinch-off state, the gate leakage current conduction through the surface of the device in the drain access region dominates the current flow through the two dimensional electron gas channel. One deep trap level and two levels of shallow traps are extracted by fitting the model results with measurement data.
Alternating current response of carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities
Authors: Hirai Daisuke , Yamamoto Takahiro , Watanabe Satoshi
Published: October 2014

The increasing need for nanodevices has necessitated a better understanding of the electronic transport behavior of nanomaterials. We therefore theoretically examine the AC transport properties of metallic carbon nanotubes with randomly distributed impurities. We find that the long-range impurity scattering increases the emittance, but does not affect the DC conductance. The estimated dwell time of electrons increases with the potential amplitudes. That is, multiple scattering by the impurities increases the kinetic inductance in proportion to the dwell time, which eventually increases the emittance. We believe that our findings can contribute significantly to nanodevice development.
Temperature-dependent efficiency droop of blue InGaN micro-light emitting diodes
Authors: Tian Pengfei , McKendry Jonathan J. D. , Herrnsdorf Johannes , Watson Scott , Ferreira Ricardo , Watson Ian M. , Gu Erdan , Kelly Anthony E. , Dawson Martin D.
Published: October 2014

Temperature-dependent trends in radiative and Auger recombination coefficients have been determined at different injection carrier concentrations using InGaN micro-light emitting diodes 40 μm in diameter. The differential lifetime was obtained first from the measured modulation bandwidth and was then employed to calculate the carrier concentration in the quantum well active region. When the temperature increases, the carrier concentration increases, but both the radiative and Auger recombination coefficients decrease. In addition, the temperature dependence of radiative and Auger recombination coefficients is weaker at a higher injection carrier concentration, which is strongly related to phase space filling.
Curvature-induced and thermal strain in polyhedral gold nanocrystals
Authors: Kim J. W. , Manna S. , Dietze S. H. , Ulvestad A. , Harder R. , Fohtung E. , Fullerton E. E. , Shpyrko O. G.
Published: October 2014

We use coherent x-ray diffractive imaging to map the local distribution of strain in gold (Au) polyhedral nanocrystals grown on a silicon (Si) substrate by a single-step thermal chemical vapor deposition process. The lattice strain at the surface of the octahedral nanocrystal agrees well with the predictions of the Young-Laplace equation quantitatively, but exhibits a discrepancy near the nanocrystal-substrate interface. We attribute this discrepancy to the dissimilar interfacial energies between Au/Air and Au/Si and to the difference in thermal expansion between the nanocrystal and the substrate during the cooling process.
Numerical tailoring of linear response from plasmonic nano-resonators grown on a layer of polystyrene spheres
Authors: Benedetti A. , Belardini A. , Veroli A. , Centini M. , Sibilia C.
Published: October 2014

We developed a geometrical method to reproduce the morphology of hybrid structures composed by self-ordered dielectric nanospheres covered by anisotropic plasmonic structures. Numerical analysis allowed to investigate the optical response of the considered system, and to identify the relevant parameters to achieve efficient and versatile light manipulation. In particular, we show that the overall structure, acting as a hybrid plasmonic-photonics meta-surface, can be engineered in order to maximize its linear and circular dichroic behavior at optical frequencies.
Estimating the value of genetic gain in perennial pastures with emphasis on temperate species
Authors: Smith K. F. , Ludemann C. , Lewis C. D. , Malcolm B. , Banks R. G. , Jacobs J. L. , Fennessy P. F. , Spangenberg G. C.
Published: October 2014

Relatively little is known about the weightings that breeders consciously or subconsciously place on specific traits when selecting individual plants, or the weightings agronomists and producers use when evaluating the relative merits of alternative cultivars and their potential economic value in farm systems. This is despite the many active programs for breeding improved forage plants, and in contrast to most modern animal-breeding programs where the relative merits of novel genetics are assessed against index-based breeding objectives. There are many reasons why breeding objectives based on profit indices are not used when breeding pasture plants. The nature of pasture as an intermediate input to farm output and profit poses unique difficulties in developing breeding objectives based on profit. In this paper, we review the literature about methods to value genetic gain in perennial grasses. Various methods are canvassed for assessing the value of genetic gain for different pasture species across production systems. In the context of the complexity and cost of estimating the direct economic benefits of superior characteristics of pasture plants in farm systems via bio-economic simulation methods, we outline the use, and usefulness, of discrete choice techniques in the development of weightings for specific traits in forage plant improvement. There is a clear need to estimate the value of new pasture cultivars to producers, and although the differences between individual farms mean that one value or one ‘best’ cultivar is unlikely for any farm, the estimation of potential value of traits and cultivars will allow producers to make choices that are more informed.
Rex Lee Jim’s ‘Mouse that Sucked’
Authors: Webster Anthony K.
Published: October 2014

This article explores the ways that Navajo poet Rex Lee Jim uses ideophony in one of his poems. I argue that Jim’s use of an ideophone in its myriad forms (from nominalized noun to independent ideophone to verb stem) creates an interwoven-ness across lines that evokes an iconicity of sound and sense. I begin by describing something of the grammatical structuring and uses of Navajo ideophony. I then turn to a discussion of contemporary written Navajo poetry that uses ideophony and especially Jim’s poetry. I follow this with a discussion of the use of Navajo ideophony in literacy education and in competing views about the appropriateness of using ideophony in Navajo written literature.
Violent Offenders’ Within-Treatment Change in Anger, Criminal Attitudes, and Violence Risk: Associations with Violent Recidivism
Authors: Klepfisz Gabrielle , O’Brien Kate , Daffern Michael
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to examine the recidivist outcomes for a group of incarcerated violent offenders, based on whether they achieved pre-post raw psychometric change, reliable change, and/or clinically significant change (CSC) following treatment completion. Participants included 42 adult male violent offenders (age range 21 to 67 years) who participated in a medium- or high-intensity, group-based violent offender treatment program offered within prisons, operated by Corrections Victoria. These men were followed in the community for an average of 3.9 years post-release, and were assessed on four risk-related variables pre- and post-treatment: General Criminal Thinking (GCT), Trait Anger (T-Ang), Anger Expression/Out (AX/O), and Overall Violence Risk (OVR). Mean levels of GCT and OVR significantly reduced following treatment; no significant changes in T-Ang and AX/O were observed. Although a small proportion of offenders achieved reliable and/or CSC, within-treatment changes were not predictive of violent recidivism. This article describes, critiques, and tests methods of intra-individual within-treatment change and provides a blueprint for future analyses linking intra-individual change and violent reoffending.
Altered intracellular calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum redox state inSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells lacking Grx6 glutaredoxin
Authors: Puigpinós Judit , Casas Celia , Herrero Enrique
Published: October 2014

Glutaredoxin 6 (Grx6) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an integral thiol oxidoreductase protein of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi vesicles. Its absence alters the redox equilibrium of the reticulum lumen toward a more oxidized state, thus compensating the defects in protein folding/secretion and cell growth caused by low levels of the oxidase Ero1. In addition, null mutants in GRX6 display a more intense unfolded protein response than wild-type cells upon treatment with inducers of this pathway. These observations support a role of Grx6 in regulating the glutathionylation of thiols of endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi target proteins and consequently the equilibrium between reduced and oxidized glutathione in the lumen of these compartments. A specific function influenced by Grx6 activity is the homeostasis of intracellular calcium. Grx6-deficient mutants have reduced levels of calcium in the ER lumen, whereas accumulation occurs at the cytosol from extracellular sources. This results in permanent activation of the calcineurin-dependent pathway in these cells. Some but not all the phenotypes of the mutant are coincident with those of mutants deficient in intracellular calcium transporters, such as the Golgi Pmr1 protein. The results presented in this study provide evidence for redox regulation of calcium homeostasis in yeast cells.
Ubiquitination of ECSIT is crucial for the activation of p65/p50 NF-κBs in Toll-like receptor 4 signaling
Authors: Mi Wi Sae , Park Jeongho , Shim Jae-Hyuck , Chun Eunyoung , Lee Ki-Young
Published: October 2014

Recent evidence shows that evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT) interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), is ubiquitinated, and contributes to bactericidal activity during Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Here we report a new regulatory role for ECSIT in TLR4 signaling. On TLR4 stimulation, endogenous ECSIT formed a molecular complex with p65/p50 NF-κB proteins. Our biochemical studies showed that ECSIT specifically interacted with p65/p50 NF-κB proteins, which colocalized in the nucleus. Of interest, these effects were critically dependent on ubiquitination of the ECSIT lysine (K) 372 residue. K372A mutant ECSIT did not interact with p65/p50 NF-κB proteins and markedly attenuated nuclear colocalization. In addition, ECSIT-knockdown THP-1 cells could not activate NF-κB DNA-binding activities of p65 and p50, production of proinflammatory cytokines, or NF-κB–dependent gene expression in response to TLR4 stimulation. However, these activities were markedly restored by expressing the wild-type ECSIT protein but not the K372A mutant ECSIT protein. These data strongly suggest that the ubiquitination of ECSIT might have a role in the regulation of NF-κB activity in TLR4 signaling.
Effects of kinesin-5 inhibition on dendritic architecture and microtubule organization
Authors: Kahn Olga I. , Sharma Vandana , González-Billault Christian , Baas Peter W.
Published: October 2014

Kinesin-5 is a slow homotetrameric motor protein best known for its essential role in the mitotic spindle, where it limits the rate at which faster motors can move microtubules. In neurons, experimental suppression of kinesin-5 causes the axon to grow faster by increasing the mobility of microtubules in the axonal shaft and the invasion of microtubules into the growth cone. Does kinesin-5 act differently in dendrites, given that they have a population of minus end–distal microtubules not present in axons? Using rodent primary neurons in culture, we found that inhibition of kinesin-5 during various windows of time produces changes in dendritic morphology and microtubule organization. Specifically, dendrites became shorter and thinner and contained a greater proportion of minus end–distal microtubules, suggesting that kinesin-5 acting normally restrains the number of minus end–distal microtubules that are transported into dendrites. Additional data indicate that, in neurons, CDK5 is the kinase responsible for phosphorylating kinesin-5 at Thr-926, which is important for kinesin-5 to associate with microtubules. We also found that kinesin-5 associates preferentially with microtubules rich in tyrosinated tubulin. This is consistent with an observed accumulation of kinesin-5 on dendritic microtubules, as they are known to be less detyrosinated than axonal microtubules.
Introduction
Authors: Bithell Caroline
Published: October 2014

The introduction briefly introduces the new choral culture that the book sets out to investigate. It outlines the background to the study with reference to the author’s personal and professional experience. It explains the research methodology, situating the book as an ethnography based on long-term, multi-locale fieldwork. It further contextualises the work in relation to current concerns in ethnomusicology, cultural studies, and community music. It concludes with chapter synopses.
Performing the Other
Authors: Bithell Caroline
Published: October 2014

Chapter 6 continues the focus on songs from elsewhere through case studies of bodies of repertoire that have proven especially popular in natural voice and community choir circles in the UK: gospel songs, songs from different parts of Africa (in particular, South Africa and the equatorial forest region of central Africa), songs from the Balkans, and Georgian songs. The adoption of these repertoires is contextualised with reference to the individuals who have served as their conduits. Comparisons are also made with the cases of gospel singing in Australia and Balkan music and dance in the United States. The chapter advances the argument that these more-detailed stories of how music travels and how music accomplishes its work invite us to reconsider questions of authenticity, appropriation and ownership while also attending to the dialogic and transformative potential of intercultural performance.
Matrix elements
Authors: Child M. S.
Published: October 2014

Two types of matrix element approximation are adopted according to whether the wavefunctions are taken in angle–action or normalized JWKB forms. The former gives the Heisenberg correspondence between matrix elements and classical Fourier components. The latter approximation is appropriate to situations for which the dominant contribution to the integral comes from stationary phase or ‘Condon’ points, at which both coordinates and momenta are conserved between the two states. The presence of a single such point leads to a ‘Condon reflection’ pattern such that the energy variation of the matrix element mimics the nodal pattern of the parent wavefunction. Complications arising from multiple Condon points are discussed.
Meandering Toward Marriage
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: October 2014

This chapter first looks at the qualities emerging adults hope to find in a marriage partner. Nearly all are searching for a “soul mate,” meaning someone who is a perfect fit for them in terms of compatibility and interests. Then there is an examination of how emerging adults decide when they would like to marry, and a description of the widespread sense, especially among women, of having an “age 30 deadline” for marriage. Next, issues of commitment are discussed, including gender differences, and different motives for cohabitation are examined. The chapter includes an intensive look at the recent rise in single motherhood during the twenties, including its sources and its consequences. Finally, the chapter looks at how the fear of divorce shapes marriage expectations.
Thiobacimonas profunda gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from deep-sea water
Authors: Li Shuhui , Tang Kai , Liu Keshao , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: October 2014

A bacterial strain, JLT2016T, was isolated from a sample of South-eastern Pacific deep-sea water. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, devoid of flagella, motile by gliding and rod-shaped. Colonies were mucoid and cream. Growth occurred at 1.0–11.0 % (w/v) NaCl, 10–40 °C and pH 4.0–9.0. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) (60.5 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (10.9 %) and C16 : 0 (9.0 %). The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two sphingoglycolipids. The DNA G+C content was 67.1 mol%. The closest relative of strain JLT2016T was

Salipiger mucosus

A3T (96.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The results of phylogenetic analyses with different treeing algorithms indicated that this strain belonged to the

Roseobacter

clade in the order

Rhodobacterales

. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain JLT2016T is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Thiobacimonas profunda gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT2016T ( = LMG 27365T = CGMCC 1.12377T).
Landscape and evolutionary dynamics of terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) in 48 whole plant genomes
Authors: Gao Dongying , Li Yupeng , Abernathy Brian , Jackson Scott A.
Published: October 2014

Terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are structurally similar to long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons except that they are extremely small and difficult to identify. Thus far, only a few TRIMs have been characterized in the euphyllophytes and the evolutionary and biological impacts and transposition mechanism of TRIMs are poorly understood. In this study, we combinedde novoand homology-based methods to annotate TRIMs in 48 plant genome sequences, spanning land plants to algae. We found 156 TRIM families, 146 previously undescribed. Notably, we identified the first TRIMs in a lycophyte and non-vascular plants. The majority of the TRIM families were highly conserved and shared within and between plant families. Even though TRIMs contribute only a small fraction of any plant genome, they are enriched in or near genes and may play important roles in gene evolution. TRIMs were frequently organized into tandem arrays we called TA-TRIMs, another unique feature distinguishing them from LTR retrotransposons. Importantly, we identified putative autonomous retrotransposons that may mobilize specific TRIM elements and detected very recent transpositions of a TRIM inO. sativa.Overall, this comprehensive analysis of TRIMs across the entire plant kingdom provides insight into the evolution and conservation of TRIMs and the functional roles they may play in gene evolution.
Exploring the phenotypic space and the evolutionary history of a natural mutation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ullastres Anna , Petit Natalia , González Josefa
Published: October 2014

A major challenge of modern Biology is elucidating the functional consequences of natural mutations. While we have a good understanding of the effects of lab-induced mutations on the molecular- and organismal-level phenotypes, the study of natural mutations has lagged behind. In this work, we explore the phenotypic space and the evolutionary history of a previously identified adaptive transposable element insertion. We first combined several tests that capture different signatures of selection to show that there is evidence of positive selection in the regions flankingFBti0019386insertion. We then explored several phenotypes related to known phenotypic effects of nearby genes, and having plausible connections to fitness variation in nature. We found that flies withFBti0019386insertion had a shorter developmental time and were more sensitive to stress, which are likely to be the adaptive effect and the cost of selection of this mutation, respectively. Interestingly, these phenotypic effects are not consistent with a role ofFBti0019386in temperate adaptation as has been previously suggested. Indeed, a global analysis of the population frequency ofFBti0019386showed that clinal frequency patterns are found in North America and Australia but not in Europe. Finally, we showed thatFBti0019386is associated with down-regulation ofsramost likely because it induces the formation of heterochromatin by recruiting HP1a protein. Overall, our integrative approach allowed us to shed light on the evolutionary history, the relevant fitness effects and the likely molecular mechanisms of an adaptive mutation and highlights the complexity of natural genetic variants.
Crystal structure of 5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-6-amine
Authors: Mague Joel T. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Akkurt Mehmet , El-Emary Talaat I. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: October 2014

In the title compound, C15H15N7, the phenyl ring is inclined by 19.86 (5)° to the mean plane of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine core. In the crystal, N—H...N and C—H...N hydrogen bonds form [010] chains, which stackviaπ–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance between the pyrazole rings = 3.4322 (7) Å].
Crystal structures of hydrates of simple inorganic salts. II. Water-rich calcium bromide and iodide hydrates: CaBr2·9H2O, CaI2·8H2O, CaI2·7H2O and CaI2·6.5H2O
Authors: Hennings Erik , Schmidt Horst , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Single crystals of calcium bromide enneahydrate, CaBr2·9H2O, calcium iodide octahydrate, CaI2·8H2O, calcium iodide heptahydrate, CaI2·7H2O, and calcium iodide 6.5-hydrate, CaI2·6.5H2O, were grown from their aqueous solutions at and below room temperature according to the solid–liquid phase diagram. The crystal structure of CaI2·6.5H2O was redetermined. All four structures are built up from distorted Ca(H2O)8antiprisms. The antiprisms of the iodide hydrate structures are connected eitherviatrigonal-plane-sharing or edge-sharing, forming dimeric units. The antiprisms in calcium bromide enneahydrate are monomeric.
Is Hong Kong ready for accounting education reform: an analysis of tri-partite views
Authors: T.Y. Chen Theodore
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to determine whether Hong Kong is ready for accounting education reform.

Design/methodology/approach

– The approach for this study is using a Likert-scale questionnaire for the academic institutions, the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the big four accounting firms, followed by detailed follow-up interviews with each.

Findings

– There is general agreement among accounting academics and the profession that the Accounting Education Change Commission initiatives should be adopted in Hong Kong. Hong Kong accounting academics in public institutions do not oppose to a balance between teaching and research, but would oppose to an emphasis of teaching over research. This is important as an overemphasis on research could mean less time for teaching and curriculum development. The big four accounting firms are either happy with the way Hong Kong universities have been educating the accounting graduates or have no complaints against them. This is also important as an urge for accounting education reform usually comes from the practitioners as in the USA.

Originality/value

– The USA was the first country that saw the need for accounting education reform as accounting practitioners felt that curriculum and pedagogical considerations placed heavy emphasis on the technical aspects of accounting at the expense of a general, broad-based education. Similar needs for change were also found in the UK and Australia. As Hong Kong is one of the world’s major financial centres with a large securities exchange, there is a great deal of emphasis on accounting standards, financial reporting, corporate governance, etc., and hence the importance of accounting education. Is Hong Kong ready for the change?
A new switched reluctance motor with distributed winding
Authors: Ma Qingqing , Ge Baoming , Bi Daqiang , J.T.E. Ferreira Fernando , T. de Almeida Aníbal
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new three-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM), and achieve high-torque and low-cost. This new SRM's winding configuration uses the double-layer distributed windings, which is different from the conventional SRM's single tooth coils.

Design/methodology/approach

– The operating principle of new SRM is analyzed, and the voltage equation and the generated torque are deduced. Finite element method (FEM) and finite element circuit coupled method are utilized to evaluate the new motor's operating performances. The two dimensional (2D) frequency response analysis model is employed in the FEM model. Based on the 2D frequency response analysis model, the magnetic field distribution, self-inductance, and mutual-inductance for the new SRM are analyzed in detail. A co-simulation model using FE analysis package and Matlab-Simulink is proposed to simulate the new SRM drive. The simulated and experimental results verify the new SRM.

Findings

– For the new SRM with double-layer distributed windings, a co-simulation method is proposed to analyze its characteristics. The new SRM presents lower torque ripple coefficient and generates larger torque than the conventional SRM, with three-wire and standard full bridge power converter, rather than six-wire and asymmetric half-bridge converter for conventional SRM.

Originality/value

– This paper proposes a new SRM with the double-layer distributed windings driven by a standard full bridge inverter. In order to calculate dynamic characteristics of the new SRM, a co-simulation method using FEM and Simulink is proposed to simulate the new SRM drive, where the power inverter and the current chopping control algorithm are implemented.
Optimization of a single-phase capacitor induction motor by applying a surrogate field-circuit model
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof , J. Wilk Marcin
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present optimization of a single-phase capacitor induction motor with respect to efficiency and starting torque by using surrogate field-circuit model for steady-state. As variables, dimensions of the rotor slots and capacitor capacitance were assumed, whereas outputs were the motor performance characteristics. Searching for a motor design of maximum starting torque or maximum efficiency were objectives of the optimization. To verify design solutions, rated load and locked rotor tests of the optimized motors were performed by computer simulation which confirmed better performance parameters of the optimized motors.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents optimization procedure of a single-phase capacitor induction motor by applying response surface methodology for surrogate 2D field-circuit model of the motor. For solving the problem a single-objective and bi-objective approach were applied.

Findings

– The carried out calculations showed that obtained new structures of the capacitor induction motor have better starting properties – the higher ratio of starting to rated torque. It was also obtained the motor construction with higher efficiency and lower stator current at the same time.

Originality/value

– The main advantage of the formulated optimization procedure was application of the SSO (sequential surrogate optimization) algorithm which exploits a polynomial surrogate model and genetic algorithm to find minimum of the objective functions and also to speed up computations.
Internationalization of emerging multinationals: the Latin American case
Authors: Losada-Otálora Mauricio , Casanova Lourdes
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework that challenges the condescending view of multinationals of emerging countries. In this paper, it is showed that emerging multinational companies (EMNCs) developed valuable resources that leveraged their internationalization strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

– An exploratory approach was used to investigate the internationalization strategies of EMNCs. A qualitative study was built on secondary data sources, particularly analysis of cases of the internationalization of Latin American companies.

Findings

– The internationalization strategies deployed by EMNCs are similar to the strategies of traditional multinationals (firms of developed countries). Similarly, EMNCs exploit, acquire or defend their resources in foreign markets. Additionally, the selection of each strategy depends on the availability, transferability and substitutability of the resources involved in the internationalization.

Research limitations/implications

– The traditional approaches that study the role of resources in the internationalization of the EMNCs have some shortcomings. It is worth conducting additional research including the approach developed here to advance in the comprehension of the behavior of EMNCs.

Practical implications

– Managers must identify and develop key resources to invest abroad. Additionally, managers need to take into account the characteristics of the resources of their firms to select an adequate strategy abroad.

Originality/value

– This paper shows that EMNCs are not resource laggards. Consequently, theoretical and empirical evidence is provided to advance the development of comprehensive theories of the internationalization of EMNCs. This paper offers academics and practitioners with a new focus to analyze the internationalization of EMNCs which are recognized as a driving force of the global economy.
Competitive advantage in global markets: the case of the salmon industry in Chile
Authors: Felzensztein Christian , Gimmon Eli
Published: October 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to focus on how companies operating in international food commodity markets can improve their long-term competitiveness and profitability upon financial pressure. Management can choose between generic strategies of either cost leadership or enhanced value adding by differentiation and innovative marketing strategies. The aim of the paper is to highlight key findings from a case study perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research is set within the farmed salmon sector in the world’s second largest producing country, Chile, which is also a fast growing emerging economy in Latin America. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with General Managers of this global industry.

Findings

– Unexpectedly, our findings show that executives preferred competitive strategy of cost reduction rather than differentiation. Based on previous research, we recommend managers of individual firms and trade associations to play down commoditisation and to pursue differentiation strategies with particular attention to emergent environmental attributes.

Originality/value

– Practitioners from Latin America may learn on empirical considerations of international marketing strategies taking this competitive global industry as an example. An overall cost leadership strategy is not sufficient in a mature industry, and customer-oriented strategies are needed more than production-oriented strategies. Clustered firms are recommended to benefit from differentiation strategies with particular attention to emergent environmental attributes.