bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting the use of therapeutic hypothermia and survival in unconscious out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the ICU
Authors: Lindner TW , Langørgen J , Sunde K , Larsen AI , Kvaløy JT , Heltne JK , Draegni T , Søreide E
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was adopted early in Norway. Since 2004 the general recommendation has been to cool all unconscious OHCA patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), but the decision to cool individual patients was left to the responsible physician. We assessed factors that were associated with use of TH and predicted survival.

Method

We conducted a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected cardiac arrest and ICU registry data from 2004 to 2008 at three university hospitals.

Results

A total of 715 unconscious patients older than 18 years of age, who suffered OHCA of both cardiac and non-cardiac causes, were included. With an overall TH use of 70%, the survival to discharge was 42%, with 90% of the survivors having a favourable cerebral outcome. Known positive prognostic factors such as witnessed arrest, bystander cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), shockable rhythm and cardiac origin were all positive predictors of TH use and survival. On the other side, increasing age predicted a lower utilisation of TH: Odds Ratio (OR), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97); as well as a lower survival: OR 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97). Female gender was also associated with a lower use of TH: OR 0.65 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.97); and a poorer survival: OR 0.57 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.92). After correcting for other prognostic factors, use of TH remained an independent predictor of improved survival with OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.18-3.06; P <0.001). Analysing subgroups divided after initial rhythm, these effects remained unchanged for patients with shockable rhythm, but not for patients with non-shockable rhythm where use of TH and female gender lost their predictive value.

Conclusions

Although TH was used in the majority of unconscious OHCA patients admitted to the ICU, actual use varied significantly between subgroups. Increasing age predicted both a decreased utilisation of TH as well as lower survival. Further, in patients with a shockable rhythm female gender predicted both a lower use of TH and poorer survival. Our results indicate an underutilisation of TH in some subgroups. Hence, more research on factors affecting TH use and the associated outcomes in subgroups of post-resuscitation patients is needed.
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in critically ill neonates receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a 14-year cohort study
Authors: Zwiers Alexandra JM , de Wildt Saskia N , Hop Wim CJ , Dorresteijn Eiske M , Gischler Saskia J , Tibboel Dick , Cransberg Karlien
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Newborns in need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support are at high risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may occur as part of multiple organ failure and can be aggravated by exposure to components of the extracorporeal circuit. AKI necessitates adjustment of dosage of renally eliminated drugs and avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs. We aimed to define systematically the incidence and clinical course of AKI in critically ill neonates receiving ECMO support.

Methods

This study reviewed prospectively collected clinical data (including age, diagnosis, ECMO course, and serum creatinine (SCr)) of all ECMO-treated neonates within our institution spanning a 14-year period. AKI was defined by using the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of renal function, and End-stage renal disease (RIFLE) classification. SCr data were reviewed per ECMO day and compared with age-specific SCr reference values. Accordingly, patients were assigned to RIFLE categories (Risk, Injury, or Failure as 150%, 200%, or 300% of median SCr reference values). Data are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) or number and percentage.

Results

Of 242 patients included, 179 (74%) survived. Median age at the start of ECMO was 39 hours (IQR, 26 to 63); median ECMO duration was 5.8 days (IQR, 3.9 to 9.4). In total, 153 (64%) patients had evidence of AKI, with 72 (30%) qualifying as Risk, 55 (23%) as Injury, and 26 (11%) as Failure. At the end of the study period, only 71 (46%) patients of all 153 AKI patients improved by at least one RIFLE category. With regression analysis, it was found that nitric oxide ventilation (P = 0.04) and younger age at the start of ECMO (P = 0.004) were significant predictors of AKI. Survival until intensive care unit discharge was significantly lower for patients in the Failure category (35%) as compared with the Non-AKI (78%), Risk (82%), and Injury category (76%), with all P < 0.001, whereas no significant differences were found between the three latter RIFLE categories.

Conclusions

Two thirds of neonates receiving ECMO had AKI, with a significantly increased mortality risk for patients in the Failure category. As AKI during childhood may predispose to chronic kidney disease in adulthood, long-term monitoring of kidney function after ECMO is warranted.
Patients with sepsis exhibit increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in peripheral blood immune cells
Authors: Sjövall Fredrik , Morota Saori , Persson Johan , Hansson Magnus J , Elmér Eskil
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In sepsis, mitochondria have been associated with both initial dysfunction and subsequent upregulation (biogenesis). However, the evolvement of mitochondrial function in sepsis over time is largely unknown, and we therefore investigated mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood immune cells (PBICs) in sepsis patients during the first week after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

PBICs from 20 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were analyzed with high-resolution respirometry 3 times after admission to the ICU (within 48 hours, days 3 to 4 and days 6 to 7). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cytochrome c (Cyt c), and citrate synthase (CS) were measured as indicators of cellular mitochondrial content.

Results

In intact PBICs with endogenous substrates, a gradual increase in cellular respiration reached 173% of controls after 1 week (P = 0.001). In permeabilized cells, respiration using substrates of complex I, II, and IV were significantly increased days 1 to 2, reaching 137%, 130%, and 173% of controls, respectively. In parallel, higher levels of CS activity, mtDNA, and Cyt c content in PBICs (211%, 243%, and 331% of controls for the respective indicators were found at days 6 to 7; P < 0.0001). No differences in respiratory capacities were noted between survivors and nonsurvivors at any of the time points measured.

Conclusions

PBICs from patients with sepsis displayed higher mitochondrial respiratory capacities compared with controls, due to an increased mitochondrial content, as indicated by increased mitochondrial DNA, protein content, and enzyme activity. The results argue against mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction in this type of cells in sepsis.
Low-flow CO2removal integrated into a renal-replacement circuit can reduce acidosis and decrease vasopressor requirements
Authors: Forster Christian , Schriewer Jens , John Stefan , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Willam Carsten
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Lung-protective ventilation in patients with ARDS and multiorgan failure, including renal failure, is often paralleled with a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis. We assessed the effectiveness of a hollow-fiber gas exchanger integrated into a conventional renal-replacement circuit on CO2 removal, acidosis, and hemodynamics.

Methods

In ten ventilated critically ill patients with ARDS and AKI undergoing renal- and respiratory-replacement therapy, effects of low-flow CO2 removal on respiratory acidosis compensation were tested by using a hollow-fiber gas exchanger added to the renal-replacement circuit. This was an observational study on safety, CO2-removal capacity, effects on pH, ventilator settings, and hemodynamics.

Results

CO2 elimination in the low-flow circuit was safe and was well tolerated by all patients. After 4 hours of treatment, a mean reduction of 17.3 mm Hg (−28.1%) pCO2 was observed, in line with an increase in pH. In hemodynamically instable patients, low-flow CO2 elimination was paralleled by hemodynamic improvement, with an average reduction of vasopressors of 65% in five of six catecholamine-dependent patients during the first 24 hours.

Conclusions

Because no further catheters are needed, besides those for renal replacement, the implementation of a hollow-fiber gas exchanger in a renal circuit could be an attractive therapeutic tool with only a little additional trauma for patients with mild to moderate ARDS undergoing invasive ventilation with concomitant respiratory acidosis, as long as no severe oxygenation defects indicate ECMO therapy.
Kinetics and protective role of autophagy in a mouse cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
Authors: Takahashi Waka , Watanabe Eizo , Fujimura Lisa , Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Swanson Paul E , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Oda Shigeto , Hatano Masahiko
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It is not well understood whether the process of autophagy is accelerated or blocked in sepsis, and whether it is beneficial or harmful to the immune defense mechanism over a time course during sepsis. Our aim was to determine both the kinetics and the role of autophagy in sepsis.

Methods

We examined autophagosome and autolysosome formation in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model of sepsis (in C57BL/6N mice and GFP-LC3 transgenic mice), using western blotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. We also investigated the effect of chloroquine inhibition of autophagy on these processes.

Results

Autophagy, as demonstrated by increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratios, is induced in the liver, heart, and spleen over 24 h after CLP. In the liver, autophagosome formation peaks at 6 h and declines by 24 h. Immunofluorescent localization of GFP-LC3 dots (alone and with lysosome-associated membrane protein type 1 (LAMP1)), as well as electron microscopic examination, demonstrate that both autophagosomes and autolysosomes are increased after CLP, suggesting that intact autophagy mechanisms operate in the liver in this model. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy process by chloroquine administration immediately after CLP resulted in elevated serum transaminase levels and a significant increase in mortality.

Conclusions

All autophagy-related processes are properly activated in the liver in a mouse model of sepsis; autophagy appears to play a protective role in septic animals.
Honeybees can learn the relationship between the solar ephemeris and a newly-experienced landscape: a confirmation
Authors: Kemfort Jordan R. , Towne William F.
Published: July 2013

Honeybees learn the spatial relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and the landscape immediately surrounding their nest, which allows bees to locate the sun under overcast skies by reference to the landscape alone. Surprisingly, when bees have been transplanted from their natal landscape to a rotated twin landscape - such as from one treeline to a similar but differently oriented treeline - the bees have failed to learn the relationship between the sun and the second landscape. This raises the question of whether bees can ever learn the relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and a landscape other than their natal one. Here we confirm, with new and necessary controls, that bees can indeed learn the relationship between the sun's pattern of movement and a second (that is, non-natal) landscape, if the second landscape is panoramically different from the bees' natal site. We transplanted bees from their natal site to a panoramically different second site and, three days later, tested the bees' knowledge of the relationship between the sun and the second landscape. The test involved observing the bees' communicative dances under overcast skies at a third site that was rotated twin of the second. These bees oriented their dances using a memory of the sun's course in relation to the second landscape, indicating that they had learned this relationship. Meanwhile, control bees transplanted directly from the natal site to the third site, skipping the second, danced differently, confirming the importance of the experimental bees’ experience at the second site.
Rules and mechanisms of punishment learning in honey bees: the aversive conditioning of the sting extension response
Authors: Tedjakumala Stevanus Rio , Giurfa Martin
Published: July 2013

Honeybees constitute established model organisms for the study of appetitive learning and memory. In recent years, the establishment of the technique of olfactory conditioning of the sting extension response (SER) has yielded new insights into the rules and mechanisms of aversive learning in insects. In olfactory SER conditioning, a harnessed bee learns to associate an olfactory stimulus as the conditioned stimulus with the noxious stimulation of an electric shock as the unconditioned stimulus. Here, we review the multiple aspects of honeybee aversive learning that have been uncovered using Pavlovian conditioning of the SER. From its behavioral principles and sensory variants to its cellular bases and implications for understanding social organization, we present the latest advancements in the study of punishment learning in bees and discuss its perspectives in order to define future research avenues and necessary improvements. The studies presented here underline the importance of studying honeybee learning not only from an appetitive but also from an aversive perspective, in order to uncover behavioral and cellular mechanisms of individual and social plasticity.
Predicted group II intron lineages E and F comprise catalytically active ribozymes
Authors: Nagy Vivien , Pirakitikulr Nathan , Zhou Katherine Ismei , Chillón Isabel , Luo Jerome , Pyle Anna Marie
Published: July 2013

Group II introns are self-splicing, retrotransposable ribozymes that contribute to gene expression and evolution in most organisms. The ongoing identification of new group II introns and recent bioinformatic analyses have suggested that there are novel lineages, which include the group IIE and IIF introns. Because the function and biochemical activity of group IIE and IIF introns have never been experimentally tested and because these introns appear to have features that distinguish them from other introns, we set out to determine if they were indeed self-splicing, catalytically active RNA molecules. To this end, we transcribed and studied a set of diverse group IIE and IIF introns, quantitatively characterizing their in vitro self-splicing reactivity, ionic requirements, and reaction products. In addition, we used mutational analysis to determine the relative role of the EBS-IBS 1 and 2 recognition elements during splicing by these introns. We show that group IIE and IIF introns are indeed distinct active intron families, with different reactivities and structures. We show that the group IIE introns self-splice exclusively through the hydrolytic pathway, while group IIF introns can also catalyze transesterifications. Intriguingly, we observe one group IIF intron that forms circular intron. Finally, despite an apparent EBS2-IBS2 duplex in the sequences of these introns, we find that this interaction plays no role during self-splicing in vitro. It is now clear that the group IIE and IIF introns are functional ribozymes, with distinctive properties that may be useful for biotechnological applications, and which may contribute to the biology of host organisms.
The impact of age, biogenesis, and genomic clustering on Drosophila microRNA evolution
Authors: Mohammed Jaaved , Flynt Alex S. , Siepel Adam , Lai Eric C.
Published: July 2013

The molecular evolutionary signatures of miRNAs inform our understanding of their emergence, biogenesis, and function. The known signatures of miRNA evolution have derived mostly from the analysis of deeply conserved, canonical loci. In this study, we examine the impact of age, biogenesis pathway, and genomic arrangement on the evolutionary properties of Drosophila miRNAs. Crucial to the accuracy of our results was our curation of high-quality miRNA alignments, which included nearly 150 corrections to ortholog calls and nucleotide sequences of the global 12-way Drosophilid alignments currently available. Using these data, we studied primary sequence conservation, normalized free-energy values, and types of structure-preserving substitutions. We expand upon common miRNA evolutionary patterns that reflect fundamental features of miRNAs that are under functional selection. We observe that melanogaster-subgroup-specific miRNAs, although recently emerged and rapidly evolving, nonetheless exhibit evolutionary signatures that are similar to well-conserved miRNAs and distinct from other structured noncoding RNAs and bulk conserved non-miRNA hairpins. This provides evidence that even young miRNAs may be selected for regulatory activities. More strikingly, we observe that mirtrons and clustered miRNAs both exhibit distinct evolutionary properties relative to solo, well-conserved miRNAs, even after controlling for sequence depth. These studies highlight the previously unappreciated impact of biogenesis strategy and genomic location on the evolutionary dynamics of miRNAs, and affirm that miRNAs do not evolve as a unitary class.
Looking to speak
Authors: Engelke Christopher , Higginbotham D.
Published: July 2013

This study investigates the different temporal orders that manifest in interactions involving a participant using an Augmentative Alternative Communications (AAC) device. Studies examining the use of AAC devices have regularly incorporated a particular understanding of temporality by using time as a measuring device to compare inter- and intra-individual action. In this paper we present an alternative perspective on time-in-interaction by showing how participants attend to time by examining their interactive behavior. Here, time is conceived in terms of how participants experience the duration and unfolding of a particular utterance. Through a close analysis of an interaction between a man with late-stage ALS and his wife, this paper shows how different orientations to time can underpin breakdowns of intersubjectivity. The analysis traces elements of this temporal disconnect to a variety of sources including the normative temporal expectations for the production of utterances through mouth-speech and the functioning of the device itself. The temporal misalignment leads to slippages in the participants’ orientation to the sequential relevance of utterances and utterance parts that leads to misunderstanding.
Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of the Restinga Antwren Formicivora littoralis (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
Authors: CHAVES FLAVIA G. , VECCHI MAURICIO B. , LAURINDO THIAGO F.S. , ALVES MARIA ALICE S.
Published: July 2013

We describe the nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Restinga Antwren (Formicivora littoralis), an endangered bird of Restinga ecosystem (sandy coastal plain vegetation) that is endemic to Rio de Janeiro state. Twelve nests were found at the edges of trails or natural gaps at Massambaba Restinga region, in different supporting plants and heights from the ground (X ± SD 1.27 ± 0.97 m, range 0.27 to 3.45 m). Nests were cup-shaped and were in horizontal forks attached to branches at three to five points with whitish, soft, and thin cotton-like vegetable fiber. The nests' cup shape and measurements were similar to congeneric species, but nest material was different. Eggs were white with brown spots concentrated on the large end or around the middle, giving the appearance of a rough brown ring. Their mean (± SD) minimum diameter was 13.1 ± 0.34 mm, with maximum diameter of 18.0 ± 0.38 mm, and mass of 1.7 ± 0.18 g (n = 8). We found two nestlings completely naked on their first day after hatching.
Protective effects of steroidal alkaloids isolated from Solanum paniculatum L. against mitomycin cytotoxic and genotoxic actions
Authors: VIEIRA PABLINE M. , MARINHO LORENA P.M. , FERRI SUZANA C.S. , CHEN-CHEN LEE
Published: July 2013

Solanum paniculatum L. is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Previous studies with S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf extract or ethanolic fruit extract demonstrated that they have no genotoxic activity neither in mice nor in bacterial strains, although their cytotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were demonstrated in higher doses. In order to assess the possible compounds responsible for the activities observed, we fractionated the ethanolic fruit extract of S. paniculatum, characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and evaluated two fractions containing steroidal alkaloids against mitomycin C (MMC) using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Swiss mice were orally treated with different concentrations (25, 50, or 100 mg.kg−1) of each fraction simultaneously with a single intraperitonial dose of MMC (4 mg.kg−1). Antigenotoxicity was evaluated by using the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), whereas anticytotoxicity was assessed by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). Our results demonstrated that steroidal alkaloids isolated from S. paniculatum strongly protected cells against MMC aneugenic and/or clastogenic activities as well as modulated MMC cytotoxic action.
Copper Stress on Photosynthesis of Black Mangle (Avicennia germinans)
Authors: GONZALEZ-MENDOZA DANIEL , GIL FRANCISCO ESPADAS y , ESCOBOZA-GARCIA FERNANDO , SANTAMARIA JORGE M. , ZAPATA-PEREZ OMAR
Published: July 2013

The effects of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities of Avicennia germinans was investigated using two CuSO4 concentrations (0.062 and 0.33 M) added in Hoagland's solution in an aerated hydroponic system. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 30 h of copper stress. Results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of Cu+2 of 0.062 and 0.33 M Cu+2 resulted in a general reduction of the stomatal conductance (28 and 18%, respectively) and 100% of inhibition of net photosynthesis. Additionally, at these concentrations of Cu+2, reductions of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also observed. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of Avicennia germinans was the primary target of the Cu+2 action. It is concluded that Cu+2 ions causes a drastic decline in photosynthetic gas exchange and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in A. germinans leaves.
Description of three more new species of the genus Ananteris
Authors: LOURENCO WILSON R. , GIUPPONI ALESSANDRO P.L. , LEGUIN ELISE-ANNE
Published: July 2013

Three new species of the genus Ananteris Thorell have been discovered in Brazil. Ananteris desiderio sp. n., Ananteris camacan sp. n. and Ananteris infuscata sp. n. are respectively described from specimens collected in the regions of São Desidério, Camacã, Rebio UNA and Jequié in the state of Bahia, and Grão Mogol and Novo Horizonte in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. New records are also proposed for Ananteris luciae Lourenço, Ananteris mauryi Lourenço and Ananteris franckei Lourenço. The number of known Ananteris species known in the scorpion fauna of Brazil is now raised to 24.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate combined with alpha lipoic acid attenuates high glucose-induced receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in human embryonic kidney cells
Authors: Leu Jyh-Gang , Lin Chin-Yao , Jian Jhin-Hao , Shih Chin-Yu , Liang Yao-Jen
Published: July 2013

The anti-oxidant effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) have been demonstrated in previous studies. The kidney protection effects of EGCG and ALA in patients with kidney injury are still under investigation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of EGCG and ALA on high glucose-induced human kidney cell damage. EGCG inhibited high glucose(HG)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Both EGCG and ALA decreased HG-induced receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mRNA and protein expressions in HEK cells. EGCG and ALA also recovered HG-inhibited superoxide dismutase production and decreased ROS expressions in HEK cells. The synergism of EGCG and ALA was also studied. The effect of EGCG combined with ALA is greater than the effect of EGCG alone in all anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant experiments. Our studies provide a potential therapeutic application of EGCG and ALA in preventing progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Production of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-methylphthalide in a culture of Penicillium crustosum
Authors: Valente Angela M.M.P. , Ferreira Antonio G. , Daolio Cristina , Rodrigues Filho Edson , Boffo Elisangela F. , Souza Antonia Q.L. , Sebastianes Fernanda L.S. , Melo Itamar S.
Published: July 2013

The chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms have been used as a tool in modern chemistry. This paper reports the production of mycophenolic acid and a new phthalide by the endophytic fungus Penicillium crustosum obtained from coffee seeds. The fungus was cultivated in a liquid medium for a period of seven days and after that the culture medium was divided into four treatments: A, B, C and D, to which different organic substances were added. Treatment A was maintained as the control to evaluate the occurrence of biotransformation. Organic acids were added to the culture media of treatments B (ferulic and quinic acids) and C [cinnamic and 3,4-(methylenedioxy) cinnamic acids], and caffeine was added in the treatment D. All these organic compounds were dissolved in DMSO, and the fermentation was maintained for more 13 days, totalizing 20 days. Mycophenolic acid was isolated from the culture with no added acids (treatment A). Mycophenolic acid and a new phthalide, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-methylphthalide were isolated from treatments B and C, and mycophenolic acid and caffeine (added to the culture medium) were isolated from treatment D. The structures were determined by NMR techniques and confirmed by MS and MS/MS techniques.
Testing arbitrary classes of light in a physiognomically heterogeneous area of "campo rupestre" vegetation
Authors: MOREIRA ANA S.F.P. , BORBA EDUARDO L. , LEMOS-FILHO JOSE P.
Published: July 2013

The Brazilian "campo rupestre" vegetation shows high light heterogeneity, characteristic which is often disregarded in ecophysiological studies due the difficult of obtaining accurate measurements in a complex environment. The aim of the present study it was to describe how much heterogeneous is the light distribution in this environment, as well as tried to define classes in relation to the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for 30 rupicolous individuals of Bulbophyllum involutum. The individuals were marked and previously classified in light classes visually predetermined ("full sun", "partially shaded" and "shaded"). Once defined these classes, principal component analysis, cluster and dispersal analyses using direct and indirect PAR measures were performed to characterize the environment as well as to validate the inclusion of the individuals in each class. The use of multivariate analysis increased the accuracy of predetermined classes of light, and some individuals from "shaded" and "partially shaded" classes needed to be regrouped. After individuals' reclassification, amplitude of PAR variance was reduced in each class, enhancing homogeneity. Ours results show the possibility to evaluate light environment conditions more precisely in "campo rupestre" vegetation using multivariate analysis, allowing the increase in accuracy of this parameter for ecophysiological researches.
Isolation and HPLC quantitation of kaurane-type diterpenes and cinnamic acid derivatives of long-term stored leaves of Mikania laevigata and Mikania glomerata
Authors: BERTOLUCCI SUZAN K.V. , PEREIRA ANA B.D. , PINTO JOSE E.B.P. , OLIVEIRA ALAIDE B. , BRAGA FERNAO C.
Published: July 2013

The leaves of Mikania laevigata and Mikania glomerata are used in Brazil to treat respiratory affections, being kaurane-type diterpenes and coumarin considered as the bioactive compounds. The present study reports an investigation on the HPLC-DAD profiles and contents of coumarin (1), trans-o-coumaric (2), kaurenoic (3), benzoylgrandifloric (4) and cinnamoylgrandifloric (5) acids in dried leaves of Mikania species stored in dark room under controlled conditions. Excepting 2, the constituents were isolated and purified to be employed as reference compounds. The samples were analyzed at three monthly intervals up to 18 months for M. laevigata and 12 months for M. glomerata. trans-o-Coumaric was not detected in both, whereas 1 occurred only in M. laevigata. The concentrations of the assayed constituents did not vary significantly within the evaluated period (p < 0.05), for both species. In contrast, changes in the chromatographic profiles and spectral purity of peaks from 3, 4 and 5 were detected in samples of both Mikania stored for three months, while the coumarin profile in M. laevigata modified after six months of storage. The evaluation of chromatographic profiles based on spectral purity analyses of selected peaks was shown to be a more robust tool to access chemical stability of Mikania samples than the quantitation of chemical markers' contents.
Diversity and seasonality of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in forest fragments in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: DA SILVA PEDRO G. , VAZ-DE-MELLO FERNANDO Z. , DI MARE ROCCO A.
Published: July 2013

Scarabaeinae specimens were collected with the use of pitfall traps baited with human excrement, rotten meat and rotting banana, between May 2009 and April 2010, in three forest fragments in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: ‘Morro do Elefante’ (MOEL), ‘Morro do Cerrito’ (MOCE) and ‘Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria’ (UFSM). A total of 19,699 individuals belonging to 33 species were collected. Canthidium aff. trinodosum Boheman, 1858, Canthon latipes Blanchard, 1845, Dichotomius assifer (Eschscholtz 1822), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst 1789), Canthidium sp. and Canthon lividus Blanchard, 1845, were the most abundant species. MOEL showed the greatest richness, MOCE the greatest abundance, while UFSM showed the lowest values of richness and abundance. The greatest similarity (qualitative and quantitative) was found between MOEL and MOCE, while the lowest occurred between MOCE and UFSM. Only 51% of the species were common to all three fragments. The richness and abundance of Scarabaeinae were positively correlated with the air temperature. The richness of the fragment decreased according to the smaller size and the greater degree of disturbance of vegetation structure.
Longevity of the Brazilian underground tree Jacaranda decurrens Cham.
Authors: ALVES RUY J.V. , SILVA NiLBER G. DA , FERNANDES JUNIOR ALUiSIO J. , GUIMARAES ALESSANDRA R.
Published: July 2013

Underground trees are a rare clonal growth form. In this survey we describe the branching pattern and estimate the age of the underground tree Jacaranda decurrens Cham. (Bignoniaceae), an endangered species from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a crown diameter of 22 meters. The mean age calculated for the individual was 3,801 years, making it one of the oldest known living Neotropical plants.
O silêncio no cotidiano do adolescente com HIV/AIDS
Authors: Motta Maria da Graça Corso da , Pedro Eva Neri Rubim , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Coelho Débora Fernandes , Ribeiro Aline Cammarano , Greff Aramita Prates , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Poletto Paula Manoela Batista , Ribeiro Nair Regina Ritter , Issi Helena Becker , Neves Eliane Tatsch , Wachholz Neiva Isabel Raffo , Kreitchmann Regis , Krue Aline Goulart
Published: July 2013

Este estudo caracteriza-se por ser uma pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou desvelar a percepção e a vivência em relação ao tratamento antirretroviral do adolescente com síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. A pesquisa foi realizada em serviços de referência em dois municípios na região sul do Brasil. A produção dos dados foi desenvolvida com a dinâmica de criatividade e sensibilidade mapa falante, por cinco participantes. Foi aplicada a técnica de análise temática do conteúdo. Das produções artísticas e depoimentos emergiram o cotidiano do uso dos medicamentos e o silêncio do diagnóstico da doença e do tratamento que implicam o cuidado à saúde. Conclui-se que é necessário o envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde, possibilitando espaços para a família e promovendo diálogos desta com o adolescente, visando à adesão ao tratamento.
Prática diária dos agentes comunitários de saúde: dificuldades e limitações da assistência
Authors: Baralhas Marilisa , Pereira Maria Alice Ornellas
Published: July 2013

O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa, objetivou conhecer as dificuldades sentidas pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) no exercício da prática diária da assistência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com doze ACS de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do estado de São Paulo. A partir dos discursos dos sujeitos, constatou-se que a carência de ações resolutivas nos serviços de saúde, a sobrecarga do enfermeiro responsável pela equipe e a rejeição dos usuários ao atendimento são fatores que dificultam a execução das ações de saúde. Essa pesquisa enfatiza as limitações manifestadas pelos participantes e aponta a importância de exploração dessa temática, buscando estratégias capazes de possibilitar a consolidação dos princípios do SUS.
Participação efetiva do enfermeiro no planejamento: foco nos custos
Authors: Albano Thais Cristina , Freitas João Batista de
Published: July 2013

Trata-se de uma pesquisa que buscou verificar se os enfermeiros de uma instituição hospitalar privada da cidade de São Paulo-SP possuem visão de gerenciamento de custos e observar como ocorre a participação destes profissionais nos níveis de planejamento, com ênfase nos custos. Foram entrevistados 40 enfermeiros, durante seu turno de trabalho, através da aplicação de um questionário a respeito de gerenciamento de custos assistenciais e dos níveis de planejamento organizacional. Observou-se que 85% dos entrevistados afirmaram não participar do gerenciamento de custos assistenciais, sendo que 45% dos participantes não soube explicar a importância desse conhecimento. A maioria dos entrevistados (62,5%) afirmou não participar do planejamento estratégico institucional e dentre os que participaram a maior parte não soube explicar sua participação.
O trabalho do agente comunitário na promoção da saúde: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Pereira Iara Cristina , Oliveira Maria Amélia de Campos
Published: July 2013

O presente artigo é uma revisão integrativa que teve como objetivo avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o desenvolvimento de estratégias operacionalizadas pelos agentes comunitários de saúde em prol da promoção da saúde. Para a seleção dos estudos foram usadas três bases de dados: BDTD, LILACS e SciELO. Foram encontradas 2.179 publicações, das quais 58 foram selecionadas para análise. Os resultados foram sistematizados em três categorias empíricas: A promoção da saúde: desafios na reorientação do modelo assistencial, A prática educativa no cotidiano de trabalho dos ACS e A formação profissional na perspectiva da Atenção Primária em Saúde. Concluiu-se que a construção de um modelo assistencial baseado na promoção da saúde requer a incorporação de novas práticas formativas, assistenciais e institucionais.
Evento adverso no idoso em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Brandão Adriana Souza , Reis Aline Macêdo
Published: July 2013

Objetiva identificar a produção científica, na América Latina, sobre segurança do idoso na UTI e os eventos adversos trazidos pela literatura. Revisão sistemática quantitativa. A coleta, feita no banco de dados do LILACS e SCIELO, considerou descritores indexados e respeitou critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram selecionados vinte trabalhos para análise. Em sua maioria, esses trabalhos foram realizados após o ano de 2000, no Brasil, por profissionais enfermeiros e médicos, tratando principalmente de erros com medicação, retiradas acidentais de sondas e cateteres, infecção nosocomial, erro na técnica de procedimento e ocorrência de úlceras por pressão. A produção cientifica sobre a temática ainda é recente na América Latina, sendo preciso atentar para a população idosa nessas unidades, voltando-se para possíveis riscos a que estão expostos.
Aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS: pressupostos teóricos para uma prática clínica fundamentada
Authors: Pequeno Clarisse Sampaio , Macêdo Simara Moreira de , Miranda Karla Corrêa Lima
Published: July 2013

Com o avanço da AIDS no Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde sentiu a necessidade de sensibilizar e treinar profissionais de saúde para trabalhar com questões provocadas pela infecção ou pela doença. Neste sentido, surgiu a implantação de centros de orientação e apoio sorológico (CTA), que passaram a ser a principal referência em aconselhamento. O aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS é um dispositivo utilizado por profissionais de saúde buscando trabalhar informação, orientação, avaliação de risco e apoio na realização da sorologia anti-HIV. Entretanto, faz-se necessário que esta estratégia tenha fundamentos teórico-filosóficos que sirvam para embasar a prática clínica do aconselhador. Logo, este artigo objetivou apresentar os principais pressupostos de algumas teorias do aconselhamento psicológico e sua relação com a prática do aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS. Acredita-se que estas reflexões poderão contribuir para fundamentar teoricamente os profissionais que realizam aconselhamento em HIV/AIDS, configurando-o realmente em um dispositivo para promoção da saúde.
A topologia estrutural de Lacan
Authors: Triska Vitor Hugo Couto , D'Agord Marta Regina de Leão
Published: July 2013

Neste trabalho, busca-se construir uma apresentação do uso da topologia por Lacan, questionando a sua fundamentação, função e pertinência à psicanálise. Para tanto, aborda-se a noção de modelo, um tipo de abstração central no contexto do estruturalismo, assim como a oposição entre homologia e analogia a partir da qual será elucidada uma crucial contribuição de Lacan à teoria psicanalítica, isto é, a proposta de um novo método de pesquisa - a topologia estrutural, cujos aspectos metodológico e ontológico serão discutidos.
Le féminin et la différence des sexes
Authors: Stitou Rajaa
Published: July 2013

L'être féminin ou masculin n'est pas seulement une affaire d'anatomie ou de biologie. Il est lié à la subjectivité, mais il porte aussi la marque d'une culture. Les rites et les mythes collectifs dont la fonction est de donner du sens à l'énigme du féminin et à ce qui différencie les sexes en témoignent avec force. Or que deviennent ces rites, dans lesquels chaque sujet s'implique singulièrement, face aux mutations culturelles? La pratique clinique auprès de sujets immigrés, confrontés à un monde nouveau, qui n'abrite plus les mêmes rites et les mêmes ancrages symboliques, est riche en enseignements. Je chercherai à démontrer, en prenant appui sur mon expérience orientée par la psychanalyse et basée sur l'écoute du sujet dans son articulation au lien social, que ces transformations de repères ne sont pas sans répercussions subjectives, surtout lorsque le sujet ne se réfère pas à d'autres repères ou modèles identificatoires lui permettant de se reconnaître dans sa condition d'être sexué et d'accepter sa différence.
Contribuições da Atenção Primária em Saúde para a implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde e Segurança no Trabalho (PNSST)
Authors: Dias Elizabeth Costa , Silva Thais Lacerda e
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: o texto descreve a contribuição do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para a atenção integral à saúde dos trabalhadores de acordo com a Política Nacional de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho, considerando a organização das Redes de Atenção e o papel de coordenação atribuído à Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). MÉTODO: realizaram-se revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos normativos para identificar ações de atenção aos trabalhadores a serem desenvolvidas pelas equipes da APS. RESULTADOS: as ações foram organizadas em seis grupos: a) diagnóstico situacional, incluindo a identificação das atividades produtivas; b) caracterização do perfil demográfico e epidemiológico dos trabalhadores; c) planejamento das ações com priorização de intervenções sobre problemas de saúde de maior frequência, risco e vulnerabilidade; d) assistência ao trabalhador vítima de acidente ou doença relacionada ao trabalho; e) ações educativas e de promoção da saúde; f) ações caracterizadas como de Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador. Discute-se as potencialidades e limitações da APS para desenvolver as ações e recomenda-se o fomento da educação permanente e o matriciamento das ações pelos Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest) e outras instâncias do SUS.
Compreender o trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde para desenvolver ações em Saúde do Trabalhador: o caso de um município de médio porte
Authors: Dias Maria Dionísia do Amaral
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: a integralidade da atenção em Saúde do Trabalhador (ST) exige a expansão das ações para a Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Nesse sentido, compreender o trabalho na APS e suas possibilidades torna-se necessário para subsidiar os planos e as ações em ST com vistas à integralidade. OBJETIVO: apresentar a percepção de trabalhadores da APS, de município de médio porte do estado de São Paulo, quanto ao desenvolvimento das ações de ST em suas unidades de saúde. METODOLOGIA: foi utilizado questionário autoaplicável com 20 perguntas desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. Utilizou-se análise descritiva das perguntas fechadas e de conteúdo das perguntas abertas. RESULTADOS: 45% do total de profissionais respondeu, abrangendo todas as unidades de saúde do município e todas as categorias que compõem as equipes de APS. As respostas sugerem que os profissionais levam em consideração o trabalho dos usuários nos seus atendimentos e que algumas ações do campo da ST são desenvolvidas nas unidades de saúde. Os respondentes também apontam que suas dificuldades para a realização dessas ações se relacionam muito mais a aspectos da organização e gestão do sistema do que a especificidades da área de ST. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo aponta que a condição de trabalho do trabalhador da saúde é uma importante questão para a implementação de ações de Saúde do Trabalhador na APS.
Política de Saúde do Trabalhador: revisitando o caso do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador de Campinas
Authors: Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares de , Salerno Vera Lúcia , Silvestre Mírian Pedrollo , Magalhães Lilian Vieira
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O Centro de Referência Regional em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest) de Campinas nasceu em 1986 como demanda sindical. OBJETIVO: Este artigo analisou a trajetória do Cerest-Campinas, cotejando desafios identificados em estudo de 2001 com a realidade de 2012. MÉTODOS: utilizou-se análise secundária, comparando-se os dados de 2001 com o momento atual. Em caderno de campo registraram-se reflexões e depoimentos de profissionais para análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Embora a vigilância apresente limitações estruturais relacionadas à marginalização da política de Saúde do Trabalhador, houve avanços na assistência. No entanto, os óbices verificados em 2001 se agravaram atualmente. Dificuldades na gestão e no financiamento, aliadas a problemas e mudanças na administração municipal, geraram uma crise que, em 2011, ensejou o movimento "Em defesa do Cerest". Chamou a atenção, igualmente ao estudo anterior, o grau de envolvimento da equipe que, não obstante os impasses, segue enfrentando os problemas. CONCLUSÃO: O Cerest sobrevive no seio de contradições e grandes desafios permanecem. A ameaça de fechamento reacendeu o compromisso dos sujeitos historicamente envolvidos (profissionais e sindicatos), sugerindo possibilidades que, a depender do rearranjo de forças político-institucionais, podem colaborar na consolidação da política de Saúde do Trabalhador nos planos local e nacional.
Nas trilhas das cadeias produtivas: reflexões sobre uma política integradora de vigilância em saúde, trabalho e ambiente
Authors: Leão Luís Henrique da Costa , Vasconcellos Luiz Carlos Fadel de
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar e discutir subsídios teóricos e práticos para uma política de vigilância em saúde, trabalho e ambiente sobre as cadeias produtivas. A partir das teorias ligadas à noção de complexidade e ao pensamento sistêmico em saúde coletiva, é discutida uma política integradora em alguns princípios: intrassetorialidade (integração das vigilâncias do SUS); intersetorialidade (articulação dos setores governamentais - previdência, meio ambiente, trabalho, agricultura, desenvolvimento, indústria e comércio exterior, entre outros - e setores não governamentais); controle social (incorporação dos saberes de atores e grupos da sociedade civil, comunidade local, trabalhadores, população e movimento social em geral); e transdisciplinaridade (diálogo de diversas disciplinas do campo científico e outros saberes). Estes princípios são potencialmente capazes de nortear uma vigilância integradora sobre os elos componentes de uma cadeia, principalmente considerando suas repercussões socioambientais nos elos de extração, transporte, produção, distribuição, consumo e descarte. Eleger as cadeias produtivas como meio de conexão de ações, serviços e estruturas do Estado com a sociedade é uma alternativa para possibilitar práticas de intervenção integradas sobre a complexa relação saúde, trabalho e ambiente, superando o modelo fragmentado e pontual.
Facilitadores e barreiras de retorno ao trabalho de trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT
Authors: Saldanha Jorge Henrique Santos , Pereira Ana Paula Medeiros , Neves Robson da Fonseca , Lima Mônica Angelim Gomes de
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: As Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (LER/DORT) causam afastamento do trabalho de uma grande parcela de trabalhadores. OBJETIVO: Entender e sistematizar de que forma os fatores relacionados ao retorno ao trabalho (RT) de trabalhadores acometidos por LER/DORT são descritos na literatura como facilitadores ou barreiras. MÉTODOS: Revisão crítica de literatura do período de janeiro de 2005 a outubro de 2010 disponível nas bases Lilacs, MedLine e SciELO. As informações foram sistematizadas em três categorias de fatores que influenciam o RT e como facilitadores ou barreiras - de ordem pessoal, de ordem organizacional e relacionadas às características dos serviços, sistemas e políticas. RESULTADOS: Dos 633 artigos inicialmente levantados, 21 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Fatores identificados como mais relevantes: de ordem pessoal - dor, fatores psicossociais, afastamento do trabalho; organizacionais - modificações nos postos de trabalho, demanda psicológica do trabalho, apoio organizacional, apoio de colegas e da chefia; relacionados aos serviços, sistemas e políticas - programa de retorno ao trabalho, tempo de afastamento e serviços de apoio. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo evidenciou que o RT é um processo complexo, que demanda políticas intersetoriais, cooperação técnica e pactuação de metas entre os atores envolvidos no processo.