bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION OF THE VEGETATIVE PART OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE IN THE MEDIUM ACETIC ACID-WATER
Authors: Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Fedorov Vladimir Sergeyevich , Kharyanova Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna , Loskutov Sergey Redzhinal'dovich , Kournikova Aleksandra Vasil'yevna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke as a raw material for the production of cellulose using redox-organosolvent delignification in the medium "CH3СOOН – H2O2 – H2O".

The chemical composition of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke and the influence of technological parameters of the delignification process on the yield and properties of the cellulose product were studied.

It was found that the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke collected in October (stems without leaves) with a chemical composition of more than 50 wt.% of polysaccharides in which presented the Kurshner-Hoffer cellulose more than 90 wt.% was more promising for processing. Experimental methods have been used to determine the parameters of the process of delignification of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke, which provide a high yield of cellulose (42.1 wt.%) with a low content of residual lignin (1.1 wt.%): content of H2O2 – 6.5 wt.%, CH3COOH – 23.4 wt.%, GM 15, duration – 2.5 h, catalyst H2SO4 – 0.2 wt.%.

It is shown that pre-extraction of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke with a 0.3% solution of dicarboxylic acids at a temperature of 80 °C with a liquid modulus of 10 for 3 hours reduces the content of residual lignin in the cellulose product to 0.5 wt.% and obtain an extract whose yield is – 7.8 wt.%, including a PB of 4.2 wt.%, which makes it promising for biochemical processing. The obtained results expand the areas of use of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke and show the prospects for further more depth research to optimize the process of delignification and study the properties of the cellulose product.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BIOCONVERSION PRODUCTS POST-EXTRACTION RESIDUES OF THE VEGE-TATIVE PART OF PLANTS BY FUNGI FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA (SW.) P. KARST (FP5-15)
Authors: Mamaeva Ol'ga Olegovna , Isaeva Elena Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The vegetative part of coniferous and deciduous wood plants is a unique source of natural compounds. The natural renewability of woody plants makes them an inexhaustible raw material for the production of biologically active substances. In the process of their production, about 70% of the non-recyclable post-extraction residue of the vegetative part remains, which is used as a feed additive. Since many plant wastes have a low protein content, in which essential amino acids are most often the limiting ones, they must be enriched with microbial protein, in particular the protein of basidial fungi. For this purpose, the fungi Fomitopsis pinicola (sw.) P. KARST (Fp5-15) were used in this work, since they are the least demanding to plant substrates and have high growth indicators.

The purpose of this study was to study the amino acid composition of products obtained as a result of bioconversion of post-extraction residues of fir tree greens and the vegetative part of balsamic poplar (buds, litter). The analysis of the amino acid composition of the products showed that the protein score increases during the biodegradation process (phenylalanine and tyrosine-by 35 %, threonine – by 37.5%). Also, high amounts of glycine, alanine, histidine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were found in the products of biodegradation. In terms of the content of a number of amino acids, the resulting products are superior to cereals and feed products based on the vegetative part of woody plants.

Thus, the results obtained show the possibility of using fermentation products as protein feed additives.
INFLUENCE OF THE MODIFIED WOOD BARK "UNISORB-BIO" ON THE RESTORATION OF SOILS CONTAMI-NATED WITH OIL
Authors: Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Fedorova Ol'ga Semenovna
Published: January 2021

The article examines the effect of the "Unisorb-Bio" carbamide sorbent modified with wood bark on the biodegradation of fuel oil using the example of artificially contaminated soil.

It is shown that for 100 days of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" and actinomycetes immobilized on it (Streptomyces exfoliatus strain) are able to effectively decompose fuel oil. The maximum value of the degree of destruction of fuel oil was 82.7% in soil samples with a sorbent modified with birch bark. In the samples with larch bark, this figure is 7.3% lower. The degree of destruction of fuel oil in the control soil sample (soil with fuel oil) for the entire exposure period was – 27.4%. If this figure is taken as the background, then only the direct contribution to the degradation of fuel oil biosorbent is 45.1%; biosorbent with 0.2% diammofoska – 55%; sorbent without microorganisms – 33.8%.

The results showed that the used carbamide sorbent with immobilized and native microflora is capable of effectively decomposing fuel oil to concentrations that allow the transition to agrotechnical measures. Thus, sowing watercress on soils after the end of the experiment showed that seed germination is 50–60%, which suggests that residual concentrations of fuel oil are relatively harmless to the root system of plants and the completion of the bioremidation process can be carried out by growing plants that are resistant to residual concentrations of pollutants.

In general, the result confirms the effectiveness of the applied method in accelerating bioremidation processes, but further development is required in the direction of creating mixed associations of UVOM.
TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF BIOMASS OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Akbulatov Edkham Shukriyevich , Lyubyashkin Aleksey Viktorovich , Pavlov Igor' Nikolayevich , Marchenko Roman Aleksandrovich , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich
Published: January 2021

A special issue of the journal "Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials" is published on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Siberian State Technological University and the 60th anniversary of the Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev. In 2016, the Reference University was created in Krasnoyarsk – Siberian State University of Science and Technology, by combining these two largest higher educational institutions.

The review article presents a brief historical reference, the main directions of pedagogical and scientific activity of the Department of Machines and Apparatus of Industrial Technologies. The main directions and prospects of work created on the basis of the department of scientific laboratory "Deep processing of plant raw materials" related to solving problems of deep complex processing of vegetal raw materials are presented.
INVESTIGATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SEA BUCKTHORN MEAL FLAVONOIDS USING SPECIFIC BIOTEST SYSTEMS
Authors: Averyanova Elena Vital'yevna , Shkolnikova Marina Nikolayevna , Rozhnov Evgeniy Dmitriyevich , Minakov Denis Viktorovich , Batashov Evgeniy Sergeyevich , Shaikhova Bakyt Kaliaskarovna
Published: January 2021

The need to expand the raw material base for obtaining flavonoids is due to the wide spectrum of their biological activity. The purpose of this work is to study the biological activity of a complex of bioflavonoids, quercetin and rutin on specific enzyme biotest systems in vitro. The objects of the study were: a complex of bioflavonoids from fat-free sea buckthorn meal Hippophae rhamnoides L. and individual flavonoids rutin and quercetin isolated from it. The study was carried out by methods of detecting the biological activity of substances using specific enzyme biotest systems in vitro. It was revealed that rutin and a complex of bioflavonoids have antioxidant properties – the rate of glutathione reductase reaction increased by 64 and 51% of control, respectively, and catalase – by 15%. Quercetin exhibits antimicrobial activity and also reduces the rate of the enzymatic iNOS reaction by 24% of the control, which indicates the anti-inflammatory properties of this sample. Rutin and a complex of bioflavonoids from sea buckthorn meal increased the iNOS reaction rate by 14 and 28%, respectively, which indicates the immunostimulating properties of these samples. In the course of a microbiological study, it was found that all samples have weak bacteriostatic activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (209-P) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Fungistatic activity was confirmed against the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans ATCC 10231 of quercetin and the complex. The results obtained make it possible to consider a complex of bioflavonoids, quercetin and rutin as promising active substances in antioxidant, antimicrobial, fungistatic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Severity of hyperechoic pancreas on ultrasonography as a risk factor for glycemic progression
Authors: Oh Jiyun , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun Sun , Park Sung Bin , Choi Byung Ihn , Ahn Soohyun
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the severity of hyperechoic pancreas (HP) on ultrasonography (US) and glycemic progression.Methods: In total, 1,386 participants who underwent abdominal US as part of health examinations between December 2008 and May 2014 were included in this retrospective study. We classified pancreatic echogenicity on a 4-point scale, and compared it using two distinct criteria: fatty pancreas (FP) 1 criterion (normal vs. ≥mild HP) and FP2 criterion (normal/mild HP vs. ≥moderate HP). According to the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), participants were subdivided into four groups: non-NAFLD and non-HP, isolated NAFLD, isolated HP, and HP with NAFLD. Glycemic progression was defined as progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes or diabetes or progression from prediabetes to diabetes.Results: During the follow-up (median, 5.9 years), 262 of the 1,386 participants developed glycemic progression. Using FP2, the probability of glycemic progression across the four subgroups showed cumulative aggravation for NAFLD and HP (all P<0.05). Isolated HP showed a higher probability of glycemic progression than isolated NAFLD according to FP2 (P<0.001). The highest probability of glycemic progression was observed in patients with both NAFLD and HP (P<0.001). The hazard ratio for glycemic progression increased with the severity of HP.Conclusion: Increasing severity of HP on US was found to be significantly correlated with glycemic progression. Moreover, isolated HP of moderate or greater severity predicted glycemic progression independent of NAFLD.
Physicochemical characteristics, viability of starters, total phenolics and antioxidant activities of functional yoghurt supplemented with extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Peristrophe bivalvis
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuoc Nguyen
Published: January 2021

Hylocereus polyrhizus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Peristrophe bivalvis contain a great source of anthocyanin with excellent antioxidant property. Consumers highly appreciate the Yoghurt enriched with phenolics originated from plant. This research evaluated the possibility of yoghurt incorporated with pigment extract from Hylocereus polyrhizus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Peristrophe bivalvis. Total acidity, syneresis, viability of starter culture, total phenolic content, free radical-scavenging activity of the enriched yoghurt were observed. Results showed that there was significant difference of total acidity, syneresis among yoghurt samples. Meanwhile there were a dramatic increasing of viability of starter culture, total phenolic content, free radical-scavenging activity in the enriched yoghurt compared to the control. Lactobacillus acidophilus retained high viability during storage due to functional prebiotic of plant extracts. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract would be a promising alternative for the enriched yoghurt with better health benefits.
A Chain-Ladder Analysis of P&I Claims
Authors: Berketis Nicholas G.
Published: January 2021

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The Effect of Macroeconomic Conditions on the Performance of Vietnamese Stock Market
Authors: Pham Hien-Ly , Lin Ching-Chung , Chan Shih-Ju
Published: January 2021

Vietnam plays an important role in the global supply chain. As one of important emerging markets, many studies have focused on Vietnam-related issues. Vietnam established two stock markets in 2000s. The market performance becomes one of interesting issues to explore. This study is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables, including inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, imports, exports, and gold price, on Ho Chi Minh stock market.

The study period is from July 2000 to October 2014. Using the monthly data collected from Vietnam General Statistic Office, IMF International Financial Statistics, and Ho Chi Minh stock exchange, the empirical findings of our regression model show that there exists a positive relationship for imports and gold price, while the relationships for exchange rate and interest rate are negative. No significant relationship has been found for the variables of inflation rate and exports.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemy Over Maritime Transport: An Evaluation of Supply-demand Balance
Authors: Danisman Murat , Akkartal Erkut
Published: January 2021

This research aims to examine the covid-19 pandemic measurements taken in maritime transport and their possible effects on the supply-demand equilibrium and consequently on the freight market. Covid-19 virus which infected quite large geographic area and people within very short time affects negatively not only every part of our life but also the production and service sector within the globalised world.  This is mainly because the future tendency and further effects of this virus are unpredictable. Because of that, most countries are focused firstly on measurements to be taken to reduce the spreading speed of the virus. Although measurements and restrictions seem reduced spreading speed in some countries in short term, those measurements increase the operating costs of production and service companies. On the one hand reduction on cargo movements due to low demand and increasing operation cost due to measurements, have effected the supply-demand equilibrium of maritime transportation. This research examined the effects of already taken and could be revised measurements due to the present situation and possible future tendency of covid-19, and its consequential results on the freight market.
The Life Cycle Model of Cyber-economics
Authors: Nowduri Srinivas
Published: January 2021

The exponential increase in modern technological advancements within the business world, is impacting every national economy from different directions/perspectives. This research work focuses on main issues behind cyber economics along with cyber-economic values; based on cyber events and their associated financial damages. It also made a comparative study between cyber and financial metrics, based on a professional look at cybersecurity in modern digital firms. Then it emphasizes on the role of applied and behavioral economics, in digital forms. Finally propose a model for cyber economic growth vital for modern digital firms
Corruption and the Development of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Nguyen
Published: January 2021

This document studies the nature of corruption in Vietnam and its impact on the development of SMEs. The author surveyed the experience of SMEs’ leaders on corruption and their perception about the impact of such dishonest behavior on the development of their firms. One thousand two hundred questionnaires were distributed by mail resulting in 612 usable responses. Traffic police, taxation, and customs are considered as most corrupt. Besides, 81.7% of enterprises say there is no effect on corruption to their business, 10.5% conclude it is positive, but only 7.8% see corruption as a constraint on their firm’s performance. The results provide that there is no relationship between corruption to enterprises’ development and prove local SMEs can adapt to this environment.
What is the optimal age for withdrawing Social Security Benefits? Full Retirement Age, Late Withdrawal Age of 70, or Early Withdrawal Age of 62
Authors: Pant Anurag , Kohli Raj K.
Published: January 2021

When to retire is an individual decision based on many criteria like health of the individual, family responsibilities, expected life of the individual, single family income or dual family income, and other such considerations. A financial consideration can also be made. Retiring early will imply a reduction in social security benefits for the rest of your life. Retiring later than your full retirement age can mean a significant bump in benefits for the rest of your life. This paper simulates different conditions to estimate how long a life one needs to live to recover from the reduction in benefits resulting from earlier retirements.  Specifically, we model four permutations of the time value of money and the marginal tax rate on early benefits. Our results show there are significant advantages of withdrawing early benefits in most cases where life expectancy is shorter. But when expected life terms are much higher above 83, delaying retirement can significantly enhance the payout of benefits.
Evolution to Digital Government through Intelligent Government in Korea
Authors: Cho June-Suh
Published: January 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution can be summarized as the evolution of a connected and more intelligent society. Moreover, intelligence information technology is the driving force of change as the industry's fundamental structural changes.

The intelligence government is one of the digital governments that the Korean e-Government aims for. Korea is one of the leading e-government countries in the world. It is responsible for leading and disseminating e-government around the world, especially in the developing world.

In this paper, we discuss the stages of change, strategies, efforts, and examples from the Korean e-government to intelligent government, present guidelines, and discuss future development directions.
The Effect Board Characteristics On Enterprise Risk Management Disclosures: Evidence from State-Owned Enterprise In Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawanto Hudi
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate governance, namely board characteristics on enterprise risk management disclosure. The research object of State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2019, with a total sample of 40 annual reports with purposive sampling technique and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study prove that board size no effect on enterprise risk management disclosure, while board independence effect enterprise risk management disclosure. This shows that the commissioners understand and carry out their duties as an independent party in supervising, directing, and evaluating the implementation of corporate governance and corporate strategic policies so that Board Independence in State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia functions properly.
Covid-19 – A Call for Socio-Economic Policy Implementation and People’s Socio-Economic Behavior Change in Uganda
Authors: Tebitendwa Antony
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has called for proper policy implementation on the side of the government of Uganda. Uganda has a policy on food and nutrition that is responsible for maintaining food reserves (or funds to be used for staple food purchase) at household, sub-county, district, regional and national levels, to boost disaster preparedness. But this and many other policies that are intended to support socio-economic lives have never been fully implemented. The government has also been called upon to strengthen financial institutions to encourage people to save. Ugandans too, are encouraged to embrace the culture of saving. Therefore, COVID-19 lockdown has awakened Ugandans to change their spending behavior given the uncertain future. Besides, the pandemic has also checked on Uganda's socio-cultural behavior, calling for a change in terms of greeting gestures and personal space, religious beliefs, land ownership, hygiene, and educational accessibility.
Trade Restriction and Economic Growth: A Study of Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Monadjemi Mehdi , Lodewijks John
Published: January 2021

According to the World Bank, most research suggests that unilateral reduction in trade barriers can result in the greatest and the quickest gains in welfare. However, recently United States imposed tariffs on good imported from China and Chinese government retaliated by introducing trade barriers on imports from the United States. Generally, developed counties attempt to improve their trade deficits by allowing the exchange rate to depreciate, whereas developing countries rely more on trade restrictions.

In this paper, five developed countries and five developing countries that experienced persistent trade deficits were selected. A VAR statistical technique was used to examine the effects of exchange rate changes of the net trade of two selected groups of countries. It is shown that in case of developed counties, the exchange rate and net trade moved in the same direction. However, the same results were not confirmed for the developing countries.
SEX FOR SURVIVAL: THE FAILURE OF NEGOTIATION ON CONDOM USE BETWEEN FEMALE SEX-WORKERS AND THEIR MALE CUSTOMERS (A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY)
Authors: Soedirham Oedojo , Indarwati Dian Ratna
Published: January 2021

The problem of covert prostitution is challenging to solve because it cannot be controlled by the loccal health officers due to the difficulties in detecting the presence of female sex workers (FSWs) who do not claim their profession when the Social Service does the data collection.  It causes the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continues to increase, and it is difficult to prevent transmission of these diseases.  The highest STI cases, based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia with a syndrome diagnosis approach and laboratory examinations according to risk groups for 2016-2018, suffered by FSWs as many as 93,798 cases.  An increase in STI cases among FSWs shows that condom use among customers is still low.  It is related to fewer negotiations with customers during sexual transactions.  Prevention of STI transmission can be done by adhering customers to use condoms during sexual intercourse.  This qualitative approach research was conducted to find out the ability of female sex workers to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms in every sexual transaction they do.  The research approach was in the form of phenomenological studies and the informants were chosen based on their rich information on the issues through in-depth interviews.  The informants in this research were FSWs, and their customers and shop owners were added as for research triangulation.  The results showed that the ability of FSWs to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms is still low because FSWs are tempted to get money to live on.  So sometimes they are tempted to get extra money from customers if the customers don't want to use condoms regardless of their own health.  This study concludes that the economic needs of FSWs is still critical factors and also influences the ability to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms.
The Importance of Entrepreneurial Orientation's Dimensions in Influencing the Organizational Performance of Food and Beverage SMEs
Authors: Abdulsamad AKRAM , Ali Noor Azman , Mahomed Anuar Shah Bali , Hashim Haslinda , Jandab Abdulwahab , Al-Sharif Abdulrahman M.
Published: January 2021

The study is attempted to examine and analyze the important influence of entrepreneurial orientation components - risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness- on the organizational performance of Yemeni Small and Medium Enterprises within the food and beverage industry. The model of study is tested on 459 owners/Managers of SMEs by employing the analysis of Partial Least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), as well as Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA). After utilizing the cross-sectional approach, the results illustrated that the innovativeness and risk-taking have a significant and positive impact on organizational performance, but their effect was less than proactiveness. Moreover, the analysis of importance-performance pointed out that proactiveness more important than innovativeness and risk-taking in determining organizational performance. The model of study expounded 34% of the whole variance in SME's performance. Moreover, it provided the implications of practical and theoretical.
(Re)Mediating Holocaust Survivor Testimony
Authors: Schwartzman Roy
Published: January 2021

As the number of Holocaust survivors declines, their live eyewitness testimony will be preserved and communicated via other media. This transformation prompts a key question. What value can personal testimony have when disembodied and presented in a medium more manipulable by the audience? The response addresses three types of mediated testimony: the first televised broadcast of a Holocaust survivor’s story, on the 1953 U.S. television series This Is Your Life; archival video testimonies; and “unsettled testimony” consisting of less structured, first-person testimonies gathered by the author that reveal the challenges of discursive representation. Each type of testimony offers distinct advantages and limitations in reducing prejudice and fostering understanding.
The Effect of Downsizing, Merger & Acquisition, and Transformational Leadership on Company Performance
Authors: Wibowo Heru
Published: January 2021

Do downsizing and merger & acquisition significantly and positively affect a company performance? Previous studies on the case showed contradictory results. The result of this research supports that downsizing and merger & acquisition do not positively and significantly affect company performance.Standardized regression weights coefficients on AMOS output for both variables of downsizing and merger & acquisition are -0.0787 and -0.0109, each. Thus, downsizing and merger & acquisition actually have negative impacts on company performance. Similar coefficient for the variable of transformational leadership is 0.7611; it has a positive and significant impact on company performance.Research’s respondents are 327 employees of PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Test of Cronbach’s Alpha gives 0.886 indicating that the research data is reliable. Some tests of the research model yield good fit for CMIN/df (1.41), RMSEA (0.04), RMR (0.04), AGFI (0.92), and CFI (0.98), as well as acceptable fit for GFI (0.94) and NFI (0.94).Transformational leadership needs to be applied continuously to improve company performance. Transformational leader shall not put downsizing and merger & acquisition from corporate agenda because they both have a negative impact on company performance.
Clients’ Satisfaction with Quality of Service Delivery at a Government Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Quartey Perez , Ntekuni Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

Client satisfaction with health service delivery has been frequently used as an indirect measure of quality of service. Many healthcare delivery stakeholders and policy makers such as governments, health managers and clients alike are now attaching importance to healthcare quality. The main objective of the study was to examine the clients’ satisfaction with quality of healthcare at Atebubu Government Hospital. The mixed-method cross-sectional (both quantitative and qualitative) approach was adopted for the study. A structured questionnaire on five thematic areas (Infrastructure, Timeliness, Cost, Staff competence, Staff commitment and attitude) was used to interview exiting clients from the 7 units (Records, Consultancy, Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health, X-ray, Laboratory and Ear, Nose and Throat). The study included a total of 1,470 clients. The overall mean perception level of the quality of service delivery and level of satisfaction were 69.8% and 70.8% respectively. The detailed breakdown of the responses showed that the mean scores for the Records (82.3%), Consultation (90.3%), X-ray (60.2%), Maternal and Child Health (80.1%), Ear, Nose and Throat (86.2%) were all satisfactory. However, the scores for the laboratory (48.3%) and pharmacy (48.1%) were both unsatisfactory mainly due to long waiting time and cost of accessing services. Clients’ satisfaction with quality of healthcare services at the Records, Consultancy, Maternal and Child Health, X-ray and the Ear, Nose and Throat departments were good. However, there was poor satisfaction with quality of services at the Laboratory and Pharmacy departments, with the main reasons for the dissatisfaction hinging on timeliness and cost.
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Of PT. Sarihusada And Community Empowerment-Based Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) to Establish A Child Friendly Village In Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Agustinawati Eva Agustinawati , Karsidi Ravik , Tri Kartono Drajat , Kusnandar Kusnandar
Published: January 2021

Badran in Yogyakarta which is located in the river bank of Winongo river used to be known as a dirty and slum area. Some children were malnourished due to unhealthy food and environment. This situation led people to being determined to establish a village that is more conducive for children. In cooperation with PT. Sarihusada, the community empowered Posyandu(Integrated Service Posts) to help them improve their health especially toddlers. This research is a qualitative research since the research findings based on the research problems, purposes, approaches as well as analysis cannot be achieved by using statistical or quantitative approaches.This reasearch uses primary and secondary data sources. The sampling  techniques used in this research are  purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data collecting technique was conducted through interactive methods including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).The data validation in this research was conducted by using the source triangulation and data analysis which consists of data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results of the research demonstrate that the Integrated Service Posts (Posyandu) that exist in Badran village are the results of collaboration between the people of the village and the CSR of  PT. Sarihusada through Rumah Srikandi (The House of Srikandi). The operation of the Posyandu is managed fully by the cadres of the Posyandu itself who come from the Badran village. The nutritionists of PT. Sarihusada mentored the mothers who have toddlers the ways to process healthy and nutritious food. Furthermore, PT. Sarihusada also provides milk for toddlers everytime the service held at Posyandu. After the CSR program of PT. Sarihusada has been completed, people contributed 500 rupiahs a month for the operational costs of the Posyandu sustenance.
Strategic Balance between India and Pakistan with respect to “Balance of Power Theory”
Authors: Nasim Jaweriya , Fatima Khushboo , Noureen Sajida
Published: January 2021

India and Pakistan have strained relations since their independence because of serious conflicts like the Kashmir issue and major wars of 1965 and 1971. There is a continuous struggle for dominance among both the states through nuclear weapons and alliances with other nuclear weapons states, which have been addressed in this paper. India had made South Asia nuclear; to which Pakistan develop its nuclear program. Moreover, India and the United States growing relationship have further created an imbalance in the region. In return, Pakistan started strengthening its ties with China to counterbalance the Indian threat. This has been discussed in the paper that both states have actually created balance against one another in the context of the balance of power theory. But it is not going to be long lasting as there is a negative peace among them, and a single event can trigger a major conflict and depict dominance of one over the other.
Discovery of Electricity and the Electromagnetic Force: Its Importance for Environmentalists, Educators, Physicians, Politicians, and Citizens
Authors: Baldwin Ian
Published: January 2021

The discovery of static electricity in the 18th century and electromagnetism in the 19th was one of the most momentous scientific-technological events in human history. In the 21st century our way of life depends on the electromagnetic force so totally that were our electromagnetic infrastructure to collapse, our civilization would collapse virtually simultaneously. Despite this situation of profound dependency, few citizens understand the electromagnetic force, how it was discovered, how it works, and what wonders of modern life it controls. Nor do citizens understand the roles that Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and global electric circuit play in making electricity and life possible. Here, I review Earth’s natural electric environment and how electricity first began to be scientifically understood with the innovation of the Leyden jar in the mid-18th century; Franklin’s insights about electricity’s positive and negative poles, and its movement (later named a “current”); Galvani’s discovery of bioelectricity; and Volta’s seminal invention of the bi-metallic electrochemical battery in 1800. Ørsted’s discovery that an electric current affected a magnetized needle, causing it to swivel, in 1820 led to experiments with electromagnets by Schweigger, Arago, Ampère, Sturgeon, Henry, Faraday, and others over the course of the next decade. Observing how conducting wires induced magnetism in iron bars whenever the wires were electrified, Faraday and Henry separately discovered the principle of induction, whereby a moving magnetic field could reciprocally induce electricity in a coiled wire. Out of these momentous discoveries the “magneto-electric” telegraph was invented, and, within a single generation, the world was wired.
Presentación de Signo Distintivo Grupo de investigación Doctor Angélico Iuris et Realitas
Authors: Sonia Patricia Cortes Zambrano , Andrés Felipe Cruz Téllez , Jennifer Vega-Barbosa
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de la presentación del signo distintivo del grupo de investigación Doctor Angélico Iuris et Realitas.
Analysis, Assessment and Forecasting of the Demographic Sphere of Economic Security
Authors:   International Research and Training Centre of Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Voloshchuk Roman V.
Published: January 2021

The performed forecasting of indicators of the state of the demographic sphere of Ukraine using the methods of adaptive forecasting, ARIMA and exponential smoothing speaks of greater accuracy and efficiency of ARIMA and adaptive forecasting, using these methods ineffective management decisions in the demographic sphere of Ukraine, while adaptive forecasting was more accurate when forecasting certain indicators of the demographic security sphere.
Keabsahan Perjanjian Restrukturisasi Nomor: 003/Pam/F/K.KH/III/2018 Oleh Dan Antara Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Daerah Ibukota Jakarta (PAM Jaya) Dan PT. Aetra Air JakartaBerdasarkan Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-IX/2013
Authors: Najiha Nada , Safitri Ria , Fathudin Fathudin
Published: January 2021

The main problem in this research is regarding the management of water resources after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 85 / PUU-IX / 2013 and whether or not the Restructuring Agreement Number 003 / PAM / F / K.KH / III / 2018 between PAM Jaya and PT. Aetra Air Jakarta based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 85 / PUU-IX / 2013. This research aims to make everyone understand that the contents of the agreement must be in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. This research method uses a normative juridical approach. Juridical normative in this study has two sources of law, namely primary and secondary sources of law. Primary sources of law refer to the Restructuring Agreement Number 003 / PAM / F / K.KH / III / 2018 and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 85 / PUU-IX / 2013. The results of the study show that in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 85 / PUU-IX / 2013 mandating the participation of state shares in water resources management cooperation with the private sector, while the Restructuring Agreement Number 003 / PAM / F / K.KH / III / 2018 is considered invalid. valid because it does not include state shares in accordance with the appropriate proportion.
Os coletivos e os estilos de pensamento em pesquisas brasileiras sobre investigação-ação
Authors: Lunardi Larissa , Emmel Rúbia
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa analisou dissertações e teses sobre a formação inicial de professores de Ciências Biológicas, no campo da investigação-ação. Apoiando-se nas categorias epistemológicas de Fleck (2010), para compreender as contribuições dos autores referências das dissertações e teses sobre a investigação-ação, disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Foi possível identificar os estilos e coletivos de pensamento que vem caracterizando a pesquisa do tema no recorte apresentado. Com base na leitura das dissertações (5) e das teses (3), através da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) foram identificadas um total de 58 palavras-chave, que permitiram a elaboração de cinco agrupamentos temáticos, a partir da leitura e identificação de 13 autores referências, que apareceram mais de uma vez nas pesquisas sobre a investigação-ação. Após a análise, percebe-se que as dissertações e teses deste recorte demonstram que há preocupação em se estabelecer conceitos e diferentes olhares que apontem novas perspectivas, vislumbrando a formação inicial de professores capazes de ressignificar sua constituição docente, por meio da investigação-ação.
Uma experiência de trabalho coletivo a partir do uso combinado de diferentes espaços virtuais na formação continuada de professores de Matemática
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Sychocki da , Reinheimer Morgana Aline
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado Acadêmico em Ensino de Matemática que teve como objetivo observar e analisar a postura dos professores de matemática participantes inseridos em diferentes espaços virtuais durante uma formação continuada na modalidade à distância. Os referenciais que fundamentaram a pesquisa ocorreram por meio de leituras teóricas sobre formação de professores com tecnologia, Espaços Virtuais, trabalho coletivo, postura e interação/interatividade. Durante a formação, que ocorreu durante dois meses, fez-se uso do aplicativo WhatsApp e da plataforma virtual Coursify.me, onde foram realizadas proposições e discussões sobre problemas e atividades de matemática, que constituíram o conjunto de dados da pesquisa. Uma análise e reflexão sobre os dados produzidos, à luz dos referenciais teóricos utilizados e com uma característica metodológica qualitativa, permitiram concluir que observar a postura dos participantes ao longo de ações propostas na modalidade à distância seja uma característica determinante na construção de arquiteturas pedagógicas que possam oportunizar momentos para uma formação com significado ao participante.
Swimming against the tide: Comparative lessons from government efforts to prohibit private supplementary tutoring delivered by regular teachers
Authors: Bray Mark
Published: January 2021

Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has become a global phenomenon. It has a range of providers, including commercial companies, university students desiring extra pocket money, and regular school teachers who provide tutoring as a sideline activity. This paper focuses on the last category.

Governments are commonly ambivalent about the existence of shadow education, and may especially disapprove of regular teachers providing private supplementary tutoring in part because they fear that the teachers will neglect their main duties. With such matters in mind, some governments have attempted to prohibit teachers from providing private tutoring. However, such prohibitions are difficult to implement. This paper analyses situations in Korea, Mauritius, Kenya and England in order to derive comparative lessons from experience. It demonstrates the importance of wider contextual factors including alignment of macro-level aspirations with the micro-level perspectives of families finding themselves in increasingly competitive environments.
The evolution of shadow education in China: From emergence to capitalisation
Authors: Feng Siyuan
Published: January 2021

Private supplementary tutoring, or shadow education, has become a global phenomenon, and China is among the countries where it is most prevalent. By 2019, China’s private tutoring industry had grown into a prominent sector providing educational services to millions of students and parents. This article examines the development process of shadow education in China, and explores the path that led to its current prevalence. Drawing on existing literature and publicly available data sources, the article maps key stages of shadow education’s evolution and its changing characteristics. The analysis suggests that China’s private tutoring industry has undergone three stages of evolution: first, the emergence stage, when small numbers of individuals started to provide tutoring on an informal basis; second, the industrialisation stage, when institutionalised providers became primary providers of more formal types of tutoring services; and third, the capitalisation stage, when major providers of shadow education evolved into part of the educational capital market. The discussion argues that the development trajectory of shadow education occurred in line with the continued marketisation of education in China. The article also addresses the implications of capitalised shadow education as it enters a more intensified and controversial phase of development.
The r-k class estimator in generalized linear models applicable with simulation and empirical study using a Poisson and Gamma responses
Authors: ABBASI Atıf , ÖZKALE Revan
Published: January 2021

Multicollinearity is considered to be a significant problem in the estimation of parameters not only in general linear models, but also in generalized linear models (GLMs). Thus, in order to alleviate the serious effects of multicollinearity a new estimator is proposed by combining the ridge and PCR estimators in GLMs. This new estimator is called the r-k class estimator in GLMs. The various comparisons of the new estimator are made with already existing estimators in the literature, which are maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, ridge and PCR estimators, respectively. The comparisons are to be made in terms of scalar MSE criterion. So that, a numerical example and application through simulation are mentioned in the study for Poisson and Gamma response variables, respectively. On the basis of results it is found that, the proposed estimator outperforms all of its competitors comprehensively.
Comparative analysis between FAR and ARL based control charts with runs rules
Authors: MEHMOOD Rashid , LEE Muhammad Hisyam , ALİ Iftikhar , RIAZ Muhammad
Published: January 2021

In this study, we have conducted comparative analysis between false alarm rate (FAR) and average run length (ARL) based control charts with runs rules. In this regard, we have considered various univariate and multivariate control charts which include mean, standard deviation, variance, Hotelling, and generalized variance. For evaluation purpose, we have used actual false alarm rate, power, in-control actual average run length, and out-of-control average run length as performance indicators. Furthermore, the performance indicators are calculated through Monte Carlo simulation procedures. Results revealed that performance order of runs rules with FAR based control charts are persistent whereas, performance order of runs rules with ARL based control charts are dependent on the circumstances, that is, sample size, size of shift, type of control chart, and side of control limit (upper-sided and lower-sided). Besides, we have provided a real life example using the data on electrical resistance of insulation. In this approach, we have determined that behavior of FAR and ARL based control charts using the real data is recorded similar to the behavior using the statistical performance indicators.
Sınıflarda Travma Yaşantısı Olan Öğrenciler için Önleyici Bir Tedbir Olarak Tetikleyici Uyarısı Kullanımı
Authors: ALTINAL Berk Efe
Published: January 2021

Tetikleyici kavramı, travma yaşamış kişilerde kişiyi zihninde travmanın yaşandığı anın anısına geri götüren uyaranları ifade eder. Eğitim ortamlarında, travma yaşantısı olan kişileri bu uyaranların ortaya çıkarabileceği olumsuz deneyimlerden korumak ya da bu uyaranlara maruz kalıp kalmamak konusunda karar noktasında kontrol sahibi olabilmelerini kolaylaştırmak adına tetikleyici uyarılarının kullanılması gerektiği öne sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada tetikleyici uyarılarıyla ilgili alan yazın ve tartışmalar örneklerle incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede “tetikleyici uyarıları” üzerine oluşan literatürde “tetikleyici” ve “travma” kavramlarının psikoloji literatüründe kullanıldığından daha farklı ve daha geniş bir anlamda kullandığı görülmüştür. Alandaki az sayıda görgül çalışma incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçe yazılı materyal üreten ve eğitim veren kurumları ve kişileri kavramla tanıştırmak ve ileride yapılabilecek yerel görgül çalışmalar için zemin hazırlamaktır.
İş Bölümünün Evrimi: Antik Çağdan Klasik Yönetim Düşüncesine Bir İnceleme
Authors: TOPLU YAŞLIOĞLU Duygu , YAŞLIOĞLU Murat
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada “bir işin iki ya da daha fazla bireye dağıtılarak, bir iş bileşenleri serisi haline getirilmesi” olarak tanımlanan işbölümü kavramı anlamından ve kullanımından ziyade evrimsel süreci içerisinde incelenmektedir. İş bölümü kavramı antik çağlardan başlayarak klasik yönetim düşüncesine kadar çeşitli alanlar dâhilinde incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. İş bölümünün sadece teknik işlerde değil, zihinsel süreçlerde de ele alınması gerektiği savunulmaktadır. Bu bakış açısı klasik yönetim düşüncesindeki işbölümü kavramı ile değerlendirilmiş, klasik yönetim düşünürlerinden Fayol’un ortaya attığı yönetim ilkelerinin yönetsel işbölümü çerçevesinde şekillenmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu olan yönetsel işbölümü Fayol’un işbölümü ilkesi hariç diğer 13 yönetim ilkesinin sınıflandırılması ile oluşturulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, işbölümü kavramının tarihsel incelemesi yapılarak işletme yönetimi açısından öneminin vurgulanması, kavramın birçok düşünce ve akımın çıkış noktası olduğunun anlaşılması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Destinasyon İmajının Algılanan Değer ve Deneyim Kalitesine Etkisi: Kültür Turistleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: AKKUŞ Çetin , ŞİMŞEK Aykut
Published: January 2021

Bir turistik destinasyonun sahip olduğu olumlu imaj, o bölgenin aldığı turistik varış ve turizm gelirleri açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Olumlu bir imaj yaratabilmek stratejik bir karar olması dolayısıyla uzun vadeli bir süreci ifade etse de çıktıları buna değdiğini çarpıcı bir şekilde gözler önüne sermektedir. Özellikle sahip olunan pozitif imaj, deneyim kalitesi ve algılanan değer gibi turistik talebi önemli ölçüde etkileyebilecek birçok değişkenin de kontrol altında tutulmasını sağlamakta, hatta etkilenmesine sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu gerçeklerden hareketle araştırmada destinasyon imajının algılanan değer ve deneyim kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Kastamonu şehir merkezinde üç ay süreyle anket yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmeye tabi tutulan 397 anketle birlikte oluşturulacak modele ilişkin ölçeklere faktör analizi yapılmış ve yapısal model oluşturulmuştur. İnceleme neticesinde destinasyon imajının algılanan değer ve deneyim kalitesi üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.