bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del impacto de la producción científica de la revista Enfermería Nefrológica entre 1998 y 2017
Authors: Cobo Sánchez José Luis , Ochando-García Antonio , Blanco Mavillard Ian , Cirera Segura Francisco , Crespo Montero Rodolfo , Casas Cuestas Rafael
Published: May 2021

Introducción: Enfermería Nefrológica es la publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica, que cumple su 20 aniversario. El análisis de los artículos de una revista permite determinar la evolución de una publicación. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica publicada en la revista Enfermería Nefrológica durante el periodo 1998-2017. Metodología: Estudio bibliométrico descriptivo transversal de la revista Enfermería Nefrológica, del volumen 1 al 20, mediante el software “Publish or Perish” V6. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: número total de artículos y de citas; citas por artículo, por autor, por año; artículos por autor y autores por artículo; AWCR, índice g e índice h. Se realizaron análisis por periodos de 5 años (P1 1998-2002, P2 2003-2007, P3 2008-2011, P4 2012-2017). Resultados: Se analizaron 1198 artículos: P1 n=81 (6,76%), P2 n= 160 (13,35%), P3 n=164 (13,68%), P4 n=793 (66,19%); y 2167 citaciones: P1 n=47 (2,17%), P2 n= 759 (35%), P3 n=782 (36%), P4 n=579 (26,7%). Media de autores por artículo: P1: 1,96, P2: 2,66, P3: 2,82, P4: 3. AWCR: P1: 2.80 (sqrt=1.67) 1.58/autor, P2: 60.33 (sqrt=7.77) 26.58/autor, P3: 93.93 (sqrt=9.69), 35.21/autor, P4: 147.12 (sqrt=12.13), 57.31/autor. Índice h: P1: 4 (a=2.94, m=0.20, 35 citas=74.5% cobertura), P2: 16 (a=2.96, m=1.07, 433 citas=57.0% cobertura), P3: 9 (a=7.15, m=1.50, 116 citas=20.0% cobertura), P4: 11 (g/h=1.22, 133 citas=23.0% cobertura). Conclusiones: La revista Enfermería Nefrológica ha crecido de forma exponencial en los últimos 20 años, tanto en volumen de producción como en calidad y visibilidad, convirtiéndose en la publicación de referencia del cuidado renal en el ámbito hispano-hablante.
Relación entre calidad del sueño, ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis
Authors: Vasco Gómez Ana , Herrera Morales Cristina , Martínez Delgado Yaiza , Junyent i Iglesias Ernestina , Pedreira Robles Guillermo
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Los trastornos de sueño tienen una alta prevalencia en los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en Hemodiálisis. Un descanso insuficiente o de mala calidad influye negativamente en la actividad cotidiana siendo causa o consecuencia de estados depresivos o ansiosos.

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad del sueño en pacientes en hemodiálisis y su relación con los niveles de depresión y ansiedad.

Material y Método. Estudio observacional descriptivo con inclusión de 28 pacientes en hemodiálisis durante febrero de 2017. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, se administró el test Pittsburg de Calidad del Sueño, y se valoró el estado cognitivo con el examen Minimental y la depresión y ansiedad con la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Resultados. El 82,14% (n=23) presentó insomnio según el test de Pittsburg. Los resultados obtenidos con el HADS fueron positivos para ansiedad en un 21% (n=6) y positivos para depresión en un 35% (n=10). Los resultados en el test Pittsburg se correlacionaron positivamente con los niveles de ansiedad (p=0,004) y depresión (p=0,049). El grado de depresión se correlacionó negativamente con ausencia de deterioro cognitivo (p=0,010).

Conclusiones. La calidad del sueño en los pacientes examinados es mala y se pueden relacionar con los resultados de depresión y ansiedad encontrados. Según estos resultados, incluiremos información sobre hábitos de sueño saludables en el proceso de educación a pacientes en hemodiálisis, así como pretendemos mejorar la detección y tratamiento especializado de la ansiedad y depresión.
Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems Using Image Processing
Authors: Pérez Juan D. , Hincapié Diego A. , Graciano Jonathan A.
Published: May 2021

Thanks to the fact that nowadays substantial progress has been made in new ways of analyzing our environment using image processing techniques, it is imperative to highlight the importance of applying this methodology to mechanisms, which are our object of study and these elements are present in various sectors, such as industrial, automotive, academic, etc. In the previously mentioned sectors, the mechanisms are a fundamental element for the correct operation of the devices that each sector has. Therefore, knowing the dynamic behavior of the mechanisms is an essential task, since, if any type of failure occurs, it could cause damage to an entire process. The article proposes to develop a methodology that allows the analysis of dynamic variables in different types of mechanisms, through the use of image processing techniques specifically the detection, filtering and tracking of objects, using filters such as the Gaussian filter and background subtraction in order to improve the quality of the information to be analyzed. The results obtained through the application of the proposed methodology were compared with a simulation of a CAD/CAM/CAE software, in this case Siemens NX 12®, these results were satisfactory under certain criteria that will be exposed in the analysis section, thanks to this it can be affirmed that the proposed methodology is acceptable at the time of knowing the dynamic variables in mechanisms
Introdução e instalação do Python
Authors: Turkel William J. , Crymble Adam
Published: May 2021

Essa primeira lição em nossa seção para tratar de Fontes Online é preparada para que você e o seu computador estejam prontos para se iniciarem na programação. Nós iremos nos concentrar em instalar os softwares necessários – todos livres e de boa reputação – e finalmente nós iremos te auxiliar a experimentar os primeiros passos na programação para que você tenha resultados imediatos.
Pharmacy students’ views on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE): findings from two Malaysian universities
Authors: Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Wahab Muhammad Zuljalil Ilham , Mohd Ali Aqilah , Abd Rahim Umi Syuhada , Zulkifli Nuraqilah , Mohd Akbar Basha Nur Syaza , Mohamad Yusof Maidatul Suffiah Hayati , Mohd Majdy Nur Farhana , Zainal Zainol Akbar
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To investigate and compare the views of undergraduate pharmacy students in two Malaysian pharmacy schools (one private and one public) regarding the organisation, quality, and objectivity of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among penultimate and final year students in two Malaysian pharmacy schools between October to December 2019 (International Islamic University Malaysia [IIUM] and University of Cyberjaya [UoC]). A questionnaire was developed, tested, validated and then distributed to study participants through online Google forms.
Results: A total of 221 undergraduate pharmacy students participated in the study. Students from the public university disagreed with the allocated time for the OSCE stations (IIUM 63.9% and 48.7% vs UoC 11.6% and 14.3%). Relatively few students agreed that OSCE is a less stressful type of assessment compared to other traditional methods (IIUM 7.2% and 10.3% vs UoC 39.5% and 23.8%). Both groups of students’ also disagreed that OSCE marks were likely to be affected by the student’s gender (IIUM 73.2% and 66.7% vs UoC 67.4% and 78.6%).
Conclusion: The majority of participants had positive views on the organisation, quality, and objectivity of OSCE, with several differences between students in public and private universities. There are few areas to be further considered to ensure more positive OSCE experience for students such as revision on the time allocation for every station and on the provision of timely constructive feedback.
Grandezas e Medidas no contexto da inclusão: a Educação Matemática na formação do professor
Authors: Moura Ellen Michelle Barbosa de , Fraz Joeanne Neves , Santos Karla Vanessa Gomes dos , Moreira Geraldo Eustáquio
Published: May 2021

Analisamos a aplicação de uma oficina pedagógica em um curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia de uma universidade pública. A oficina propiciou, durante a formação inicial, discussão acerca da Educação Matemática e a experimentação de situações de inclusão de estudantes com deficiência física, visual e altas habilidades/superdotação. Foram utilizadas como ações pedagógicas o trabalho em grupo, atividades lúdicas e avaliação da oficina. Os resultados apontaram a importância do trabalho sobre o conhecimento matemático na formação inicial dos professores e as possibilidades da Educação Matemática Inclusiva na perspectiva dos Direitos Humanos. Por isso, a necessidade de se desenvolver e praticar estratégias e metodologias inovadoras que possibilitem a inclusão dos estudantes com deficiência em aulas de Matemática.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RESPONSES TO CANCER AND RELIGIOUS COPING STYLES OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Büşra , DOĞAN Sibel
Published: May 2021

This research is a descriptive study conducted to assess the relationship between the responses to cancer by patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer and their religious coping.The study included 150 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy from November 2016/ April 2017 in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of a private university hospital. As a data collection tool, the questionnaire containing the descriptive and demographic characteristics of the patients, the scale of response style to cancer, and the religious coping style scale were used in the study. The data of the research were analyzed in terms of normal distribution by using the Shapiro-Wilks normality test. Since the data did not show normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test was used in two independent group comparisons, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used in comparisons between more than two independent groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between scales. The predictive level of the Religious Coping Subscales to the Cancer Response subscale scores was evaluated by linear regression analysis. In the study, spiritual struggling subscale score within the scale of response to cancer was 51.81+4.95, the helplessness-despair subscale score was 9.85+2.39, anxious anticipate subscale score was 23.54+2.35, the fatalist subscale score was 19.98+1.59, and deny subscale score was 1.73+0.67.In other words, it was determined that the spiritual struggling soul was highly used by patients in response to cancer. In the study, the positive religious coping scale scores were 23.16+3.27, and negative religious coping scores were 7.72+1.77, which mean that most of the patients had positive religious coping scores. A positive correlation was found between the positive religious coping score and the spiritual struggling score (p<0.05; r=0.440). As the positive religious coping increases, the patients' struggle with disease is increasing. It has been observed that there is a relationship between cancer responses and religious coping of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-MARRIAGE PRECONCEPTIONAL CARE AND THE COUNSELING ROLE OF MIDWIVES
Authors: GÜNER Sevil , SAYDAM Birsen , ÇEBER TURFAN Esin , SOĞUKPINAR Neriman , EKTİ GENÇ Rabia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Preconceptional care is an important opportunity to identify risk factors affecting the pregnancy process and to provide appropriate care. In this study; it was aimed to provide preventive health services related to reproductive health to couples who applied for marriage and to emphasize the importance of midwives in preconceptional care services. Method: The population of the descriptive study consisted of couples who applied to Izmir Bornova Municipality Marriage Office between June 15, 2016 and June 15, 2017. Sample selection was not made, all couples who agreed to participate and were given counseling formed the sample (n: 126). Data were collected through a questionnaire using face-to-face interview method, and their analyzes were presented in the SPSS 20.0 package program by making a percentage distribution. Results: The average age of women is 26.0±4.0 (min:18.0-max:42.0). It was determined that 91.2% of the participants planned pregnancy after getting married. 42.6% of those planning pregnancy use cigarette, 33.9% use alcohol, only 20.9% exercise regularly. 96.0% of the participants stated that consultancy should be given before getting married, 30.2% of them stated that this training should be given by experts and 19.0% by midwives. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, where we evaluated the application for marriage as an opportunity and offered preconceptional counseling, it was determined that the participants planning pregnancy had risky lifestyle behaviors and wanted to receive formal training from experts. It is thought that preconceptional counseling, which will be given by midwives by expanding its scope within the scope of primary health care services, will contribute to harmony in marriage and the formation of healthy generations.
Metasynthesis Regarding the Sociocultural Adaptation of International University
Authors: Quiñones Astrid Vanessa Sarmiento , Bustos Claudio Enrique , Perez Maria Victoria , Peralta Diana Lucia , Zañartu Natalia , Vergara del Solar Jorge Ivan
Published: May 2021

This study centers on the sociocultural adaptation experience of international students in academic life and daily life. Responses to the guiding question of what differences and similarities are discernible in the sociocultural adaptation processes that international university students experience in the university versus outside university in the receiving society. It presents a metasynthesis of 12 empirical studies that apply qualitative methodologies to the study of international university students’ sociocultural adaptation, which were published in scientific journals indexed in Ebscohost, WOS and Scopus from January 2012 to March 2019. The metasynthesis results indicate that sociocultural adaption involves: (1) situations of shock that arise in the two environments of academic and daily life with specific challenges proper to each one, and (2) the deployment of varying intrapersonal and social resources in each context. Academic and daily life can be considered as necessarily linked to sociocultural adaptation given the compensatory function observed in relational dynamics of students as they move between the two settings. The emphasis of the research on presenting sociocultural adaptation as a primarily negative process, the theoretical implications of separating academic life from daily life, and the relevance of exploring the role of social networks in students’ daily life are discussed.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ВАКУУМНОЙ РЫБОНАСОСНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ
С УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕМ ЧАСТОТЫ ВРАЩЕНИЯ РОТОРА
Authors: Наумов Владимир Аркадьевич
Published: May 2021

Вакуумные рыбонасосные установки (ВРУ) обеспечивают наименьшую повреждаемость рыбы при ее перемещении. Большинство современных ВРУ сконструированы на базе водокольцевых компрессорных машин (ВКМ). ВКМ могут бесперебойно функционировать в тяжелых условиях, в том числе и на про-мысловых судах. Компания Samson Pumps (Дания) с 2019 г. поставляет на между-народный рынок ВКМ серии Ocean Master. Одной из ее особенностей является возможность работы с различными частотами вращения ротора (ЧВР). Ранее в Калининградском государственном техническом университете (КГТУ) был разработан метод математического моделирования этапов работы ВРУ. Влияние ЧВР было исследовано лишь на перекачивание воздуха (первая фаза работы ВРУ). Влияние ЧВР на производительность и энергетическую эффективность за весь цикл работы ВРУ изучено автором на примере ВКМ KS625. Необходимые дополнения, учитывающие изменение ЧВР, внесены в математическую модель работы ВРУ. Увеличение ЧВР приводит к возрастанию перепада давления. Поэтому больший объем водорыбной смеси закачивается в резервуар за один цикл работы ВРУ. Расход ее во время первого этапа увеличивается, но не столь значительно, как во втором. Рост ЧВР почти не отражается на продолжительности первого этапа, тогда как длительность второго заметно уменьшается. Поскольку продолжительность цикла работы ВРУ уменьшается, а объем смеси, перекачиваемой за один цикл, увеличивается, то средняя производительность ВРУ возрастает. Коэффициент полезного действия ВРУ изменяется незначительно с ростом ЧВР. Тогда как показатель энергоемкости заметно ухудшается. Эксплуатацию ВРУ на высоких оборотах ВКМ следует рекомендовать лишь при необходимости быстро опорожнить емкость с водорыбной смесью (например, при разгрузке промысловых судов). Целесообразно снизить частоту вращения ротора ВКМ при длительной эксплуатации ВРУ. Это позволит уменьшить энергетические затраты на перекачивание водорыбной смеси.
Market Integration and Causality: An Application to the Major Apple Markets in India
Authors: S Shilpa
Published: May 2021

Market integration and prices of fruit crops such as apple play an important role in determining the production decisions of apple farmers. In this context, the present study examines the degree of spatial market integration and price transmission across five major apple markets of the country, viz. Shimla, Chandigarh, Delhi, Bengaluru and Mumbai by adopting Johansen’s Cointegration Test, Grangers Causality and Impulse Response Function. The outcomes of the study strongly buttress the cointegration and interdependence of the apple markets in India. To get additional information on whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between market pairs, Ganger’s Causality Test has been used, which has confirmed Shimla to be the price determining market as it has causal relations with all the selected markets. The Impulse Response Function supported that all the selected markets responded well to standard deviation shock given to any other market. The major implication of the study is further improvement in market integration situation through dissemination of price and arrival data efficiently and developing communication means with in the markets by the government.
Growth and Instability Analysis of Groundnut Production in India and Karnataka
Authors: Nayak Akshata
Published: May 2021

Groundnut is grown throughout the tropics and extended to the subtropical countries. India is the second largest producer of groundnut in the world after China. The fact that groundnut crops in India, particularly in Karnataka are mainly covered under rain fed situation, which in turn has to depend on the arrival of monsoon, climatic changes and drought. Hence, the productivity level of groundnut crop was erratic. It was in this backdrop, an attempt was made through the present study to examine the growth and instability of groundnut in India and Karnataka by way of analyzing the time series data of 48 years. The results revealed that the level of instability was marginally higher in groundnut area (8.7 %) during period II compared to period I (2.9%) and period III (7.3%). The variation in production and yield of groundnut was higher during the period III compared to period I and II. Change in the mean area is contributing more to change in average production of groundnut in India and in Karnataka followed by interaction between changes in mean area and mean yield. Change in area variance is the predominant component contributing to the change in variance of production of groundnut in India as well as in Karnataka. From the outcome of the result, it is concluded that the researchers and policy makers have to take more attention to develop location specific cultural practice to increase and sustain groundnut production and yield in the nation.
Directionality of Sexual Activities During Mixed-Species Encounters between Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella frontalis) and Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Herzing Denise L. , Elliser Cindy R.
Published: May 2021

In the Bahamas, interspecific groups of Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis, and bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, have been observed underwater since 1985 on Little Bahama Bank. Mixed-species groups engage in associative behaviors and aggression on a regular basis. Because of their complex cognitive behaviors and large brain encephalization, dolphins are likely capable of complex social interactions, even between species.Between 1993-2003, 177 Mixed-Species Encounters (MSE) were categorized by the age class of male spotted dolphins, the ratio of spotted dolphins to bottlenose dolphins, behavior as Associative (traveling, babysitting, play) or Aggressive (chases, mounting, head to heads) and by directionality of sexual behavior. The majority (68%) of MSE involved adult spotted dolphin. Associative behaviors were observed more than aggressive behaviors in groups where no adult male spotted dolphin, only male calves, or male juvenile spotted dolphins were present. Aggressive behaviors were observed more frequently than associative behaviors in adult male spotted dolphin groups. When groups were unbalanced in favor of one species or the other, differences in social interactions occurred. Male spotted dolphins were never observed attempting to mount male bottlenose dolphin although they chased them. Despite the larger ratio of male spotted dolphins to bottlenose dolphins during MSE, directionality of male-to-male sexual contact was primarily one-way. Male bottlenose dolphin mounted and copulated with male spotted dolphins but not the reverse. Opportunities for cross-species mating and hybridization clearly occurred. Male bottlenose dolphins copulated with female spotted dolphins and male spotted dolphins copulated with female bottlenose dolphins. These sympatric dolphins in the Bahamas have a complex and dynamic relationship that varies with sex and age and revolves around potential reproductive isolation issues.
Are Conversations Between Dolphins and Humans Possible?
Authors: Kuczaj II Stan A.
Published: May 2021

Scientific speculations concerning the sophistication of dolphin communication systems have contributed to the notion that meaningful two-way communication between dolphins and humans is possible. This notion has garnered considerable support in the media and popular literature, resulting in an enduring myth that dolphins and humans can communicate in ways that rival, and perhaps even surpass, human-human communication. The truth, however, is quite different from the myth. Although humans and dolphins can certainly communicate with one another, communication between dolphins and humans has been quite limited to date. In fact, there is no compelling scientific evidence that humans and dolphins have engaged in meaningful conversations that involved mutual exchanges of information. In this paper, I consider the reasons why communication between humans and dolphins has been much more limited than many media reports suggest.
Brief Report: Asian Elephants(Elephas maximus)may Demonstrate Stable Personalities
Authors: Highfill Lauren , Fad Otto , Makecha Radhika , Kuczaj Stan
Published: May 2021

Pioneering studies of animal personality appeared in the 1970s (e.g., Adamec, 1975; Buirski, Plutchik, & Kellerman, 1978; Stevenson-Hinde & Zunz, 1978). These studies proposed personality differences and examined behavioral tendencies that would be predicative of those personality traits. These studies began a surge of interest in consistent individual characteristics among individuals of various species, and during the past few years, research has begun to focus on animal personality more seriously. This line of research has resulted in a number of studies revealing individual differences in personality traits in such diverse species as primates, marine mammals, insects, fish, invertebrates, and birds (Gosling, 2001). Animal personality is defined as an individual animal’s unique and stable patterns of behavior (Gosling, 2001). Based on this definition, there are often two main goals of animal personality research: 1) determine if individuals within a species exhibit distinctive patterns of behavior and 2) determine if these patterns are consistent and stable over time and in a variety of contexts.
Behavioral Development of Two Captive Mother-Calf Dyads of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Calves’ First Year
Authors: von Streit Claudia , Ganslosser Udo , von Fersen Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the development of suckling behavior, spatial relations, social behavior, and play behavior in 2 mother-calf dyads of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Each dyad was observed 4 hours weekly throughout the calves’ 1st year. The dyads differed in calves’ sex and mothers’ parity. The dyad with the primiparous female needed more time to establish suckling and swimming routines. After the 3rd month, interactions with the mother (flipper-rub, rest together, social play, and calf watches mother) were significantly more frequent in the female calf, whereas interactions with the calves’ father (swim together, rest together, and social play) were significantly more frequent in the male calf. The calves showed high rates of object play and social play. They seemed to modify their type of play according to the opportunities they were offered. A mentally stimulating object was preferred to simpler toys. The knowledge of the details of mother-calf behavior helps to develop appropriate breeding conditions that are vital for the survival and well-being of captive dolphin calves.
A Tool for Every Job: Assessing the Need for a Universal Definition of Tool Use
Authors: Crain Benjamin J. , Giray Tugrul , Abramson Charles I.
Published: May 2021

Once considered only a human behavior, reports of tool use by a variety of animals have accumulated. Likewise, various definitions of tool use have also amassed. Although some researchers argue that understanding the evolutionary drivers of tool use is more important than identifying and describing these behaviors, the central issue of defining what constitutes tool use has not been fully addressed. Here we analyze prominent definitions of tool use and review the application of these definitions in scientific and educational literature. We demonstrate that many behaviors recently described as tool use do not meet criteria for prevalent definitions, while other neglected behaviors may constitute a form of tool use. These examples show how the use of inconsistent definitions of tool use in research can result in different conclusions from the same observations. Our aim is to demonstrate that a universally acceptable definition of tool use based on traditional, evolutionary, and operational understanding of behavior is needed. The rationale is that this review will stimulate the consistent and explicit use of specific terminology in tool use research. This would help define specific examples of each natural observation from a common measuring stick, allowing better comparative studies and classification of these unique behaviors.//
Animal Welfare Science: Recent Publication Trends and Future Research Priorities
Authors: Walker Michael , Díez-León María , Mason Georgia
Published: May 2021

Animal welfare science is a young and thriving field. Over the last two decades, the output of scientific publications on welfare has increased by c. 10-15% annually (tripling as a proportion of all science papers logged by ISI’s Web of Science), with just under half the c. 8500 total being published in the last 4 years. These papers span an incredible 500+ journals, but around three quarters have been in 80 animal science, veterinary, ethology, conservation and specialized welfare publications, and nearly 25% are published in just two: Animal Welfare and Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Farmed animals – especially mammals – have attracted by far the most research. This broadly reflects the vastness of their populations and the degree of public concern they elicit; poultry, however, are under-studied, and farmed fish ever more so: fish have only recently attracted welfare research, and are by far the least studied of all agricultural species, perhaps because of ongoing doubts about their sentience. We predict this farm animal focus will continue in the future, but embracing more farmed fish, reptiles and invertebrates, and placing its findings within broader international contexts such as environmental and food security concerns. Laboratory animals have been consistently well studied, with a shift in recent years away from primates and towards rodents. Pets, the second largest animal sector after farmed animals, have in contrast been little studied considering their huge populations (cats being especially overlooked): we anticipate research on them increasing in the future. Captive wild animals, especially mammals, have attracted a consistent level of welfare research over the last two decades. Given the many thousands of diverse species kept by zoos, this must, and we predict will, increase. Future challenges and opportunities including refining the use of preference tests, stereotypic behaviour, corticosteroid outputs and putative indicators of positive affect, to enable more valid conclusions about welfare; investigating the evolution and functions of affective states; and last but not least, identifying which taxonomic groups and stages of development are actually sentient and so worthy of welfare concern.
The Comparative Study of Learning from 1994-2013
Authors: Blaser Rachel E. , Bellizzi Carolina
Published: May 2021

The study of learning has long held a central position in the field of comparative psychology. Here we present a survey of the past 20 years of comparative learning research, covering publications from 1994 to 2013. We selected seven journals with a strong focus on comparative learning, and identified five major topics of study represented by the publications in those journals: non-associative learning, associative learning, perceptual/object learning, social learning, and neural correlates of learning. Of these topics, associative learning was by far the most popular, comprising about 85% of the research in comparative learning. We therefore subdivided this topic into seven subcategories of research questions, which included causal reasoning, compound cue interactions, extinction, stimulus control, outcome learning and motivation, spatial learning, and temporal integration or timing. The number of publications addressing each topic or research question, as well as the number of citations received by these publications, was examined for the combined seven journals across the 20 year period of review. The subject of spatial learning has grown rapidly over the past 20 years, and has attracted robust interest by researchers both in and outside of the field of comparative psychology. Although much less popular in terms of publication number, recent growth was also identified for studies of causal reasoning, social learning, and perceptual or object learning.
Training for Variable and Innovative Behavior
Authors: Pryor Karen , Chase Sheila
Published: May 2021

This paper provides a summary of a 1969 report (Pryor, Haag, & O’Reilly) of the spontaneous emergence of innovative behavior of a dolphin, a replication of this event through training in another dolphin, and the effect this work has had on current animal training technology. This paper provides a review of laboratory based research in support of some of the procedures found effective in modern animal training in developing innovative behavior, specifically use of the conditioned reinforcer to mark a behavior, differential reinforcement of variability, and intentional use of positive reinforcement procedures. The authors describe specific processes for establishing innovative skills, practical applications presently in use with animals, consequent human and animal welfare benefits, and suggestions for further research.
How Molecular, Molar, and Unified Analyses Change the Meaning ofBehavioral Variability
Authors: Shimp Charles P.
Published: May 2021

What effects reinforcement is assumed to have and what data are collected depend on what behavioral variability means. It has extremely different meanings in molecular, molar, and unified behavior analyses. In molecular analyses the term relates reinforcement and moment-to-moment behaving of an individual organism, as when hand shaping creates new complex paterns extended in time or as when cumulative records show complex patterns. Molecular behavioral variability is easy to see, as in these two examples, but is hard to describe quantitatively. Behavioral variability in the context of molar analyses requires first aggregating behaviors, then counting them or finding their cumulative durations, and finally quantitatively summarizing the aggregate by a statistic, usually an average rate of occurrence of, or an average time allocated to, the aggregated behaviors. The statistic can also be a measure of variabiity, like the U statistic, rather than of central tendency. Molar behavioral variability can also be quantitatively defined as the variabiity of a statistic describing some property of an aggregate as a function of time, individuals, or, most commonly, experimental parameters. Some molar accounts interpret the aggregate statistic itself (average rate, time allocation, or variaibity) as an operant response. Quantitative theories account for over 90 percent of this kind of variability in thousands of molar analyses. Molar variability, however, seldom describes or explains molecular variability, and a common molar interpretation of free-operant behaving is that molecular behavior varies ony randomly over time with a constant probability. There is little, if any, evidence for this interpretation and a considerable literature that suggests it is incorrrect. A unified analysis combines automated shaping of molecular, quantitative patterns of behaviors, a molar aggregate of those patterns, and one or more statistics descriptive of the aggregate. A unified analysis involves both kinds of quantitative behavioral variability: moment-to-moment variability of shaped patterns resembling target patterns, and molar variability of a statistic defined over an aggregate of such shaped patterns, such as the variability of the average rate of, or time allocated to, a shaped pattern. Only simulation theories seem sufficiently powerful to produce a general and unified theory to account for both moment-to-moment behaving and statistics that describe molar aggregates.
Intergenerational Transfer of Family-run Enterprises by Means of Civil Law in Serbia
Authors: Marjanski Vladimir , Dudás Attila
Published: May 2021

Family-run enterprises are business organisations in which the reins of control are concentrated in the hands of a single family or an individual who for the enterprise aims to continue operation through successive generations of the family. In Serbia, family-run companies usually begin as an individual entrepreneurship, a form of closed company (general and limited partnership) or relatively closed company (limited liability company). The legal difficulties that arise following the death of an individual entrepreneur (natural person) differ from those following the death of a member in a company (legal entity). Companies are imbued with rights and responsibilities separate from the personal rights and responsibilities of their members. Members of a company, including the head, are not considered owners of the company’s property in legal terms. Instead, they have shares in the company, and those shares entitle them to membership (management and proprietary) rights. Thus, when a member dies, the company’s property, in whole or in part, is not subject to inheritance (although that deceased member’s share is). This differs from the situation following an individual entrepreneur’s death. The law does not recognise a natural person conducting business as an individual entrepreneur as having two legal personalities (personal and business); everything is treated as personal. Therefore, all the assets and debts of a deceased individual entrepreneur are subject to inheritance, regardless of whether or not they were accrued in the course of business. The succession of a share following a member’s death is regulated separately for each company form, and all issues not governed by the Companies Act or a company’s incorporation document are subject to the rules of Serbia’s Law of Inheritance. Inheritance rules differ greatly for a share in a personal company (general or limited partnership) and a share in a capital company (limited liability or joint-stock company). In principle, whether or not a deceased member’s rights and responsibilities can be passed through inheritance depends on the company’s form, its incorporation document, and the relevance of the heirs’ connection to the deceased and the company. The less complicated these are, the fewer the legal obstacles to inheritance.
Factors Influencing Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Perception of Educational Quality
Authors: Ahmed Sahar A. A. , Ahmed Sanaa M. , Awad Lamia A.
Published: May 2021

Context: Quality education is a contemporary concern. Students' evaluations of teaching (SET) are universal measures and applied in almost every higher educational system in the world.

Aim: The present study aims to explore student perception of factors that influence educational quality among undergraduate nursing students.

Methods: A survey research design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. The study conducted at obstetrics and gynecology classroom. Faculty of Nursing, El-Minia University. The subjects of the study consisted of all 3rd year nursing students (male & female) who registered in Obstetrics & Gynecological course (total number was 125 students) during the academic year 2017- 2018. Three tools were used to achieve the aim of this study; they are student achievement record, student’s evaluation of educational quality scale, and factor affecting educational quality scale (FAEQS).

Results: The results of this study revealed that students’ perception to the components of educational quality named learning experience, instructor rapport, enthusiasm, and tests grading, organization and clarity, theoretical breadth coverage, group interaction, and course texts and reading materials. The students also ranked course organization, examination system, student communication and group dynamics, availability of course materials, instructor performance, and academic values as top factors that could affect their educational quality.

Conclusions: Obstetrics and gynecology students perceive factors which affected the provision of quality education were explored incorporating four categories named the organization, student, instructor, and course-related factors. The study recommended that all institutions and departments should use self-evaluation as an essential tool in striving to educational quality, and also should consider the students’ perception of factors that might affect their educational quality. Further researches are expected to shed light in the number of higher-order factors that could affect educational quality
Mental health in times of pandemic: A literature review
Authors: Rozo-Sánchez Astrid , Rivera-Porras Diego , Pérez-Reyes Ginna , García-Echeverri Mabel , Cabrera-Gómez Claudia Carolina , López-Jaimes Ruth Jimena
Published: May 2021

Society is going through a pandemic because of COVID-19 originating in Wuhan (China), which has triggered crises in all the nations of the world, which has transformed daily life, due to the measures taken by governments to stop the increase in infections. However, isolation, quarantine, concern, and fear of contagion and/or death have directly affected mental health.

La sociedad está atravesando por una pandemia como consecuencia del COVID- 19 origina en Wuhan (China) que ha desencadenado crisis en todas las naciones delmundo, que ha transformado la cotidianidad, debido a las medidas tomadas por los gobiernos para detener el aumento de contagios, sin embargo, el aislamiento, la cuarentena, la preocupación y temor por el contagio y/o muerte ha afectado directamente la salud mental.
AKDENİZ AVRUPASI’NDA TURİZM, EKONOMİK REFAH VE MUTLULUK
Authors: GÜLERYÜZ Ece Handan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada 8 Akdeniz Avrupası ülkesinde turizmdeki kalkınmanın, kurumsal ve makroekonomik kalkınmanın ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenlik üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. 2007 ve 2018 dönemleri için bir panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmanın farklı yönlerinin refah ve esenliği nasıl etkileyebileceğini anlamak için geniş bir gösterge yelpazesi kullanılmıştır. Ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenliği temsil eden bağımlı değişkenlere yakınsamak ve oluşturmak için bileşik değişkenler sosyal sermaye ve yaşam koşulları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca tahminlerde kullanmak üzere iki bileşik gösterge, ekonomik ortam ve kurumlar oluşturulmuştur. Pazar erişimi ve altyapı, yatırım ortamı, kurumsal koşullar ve ekonomik kalite, bileşik değişken ekonomik ortamı oluşturmak için entegre edilmiştir. Yönetişim, emniyet ve güvenlik, ve kişisel haklar, bileşik değişken kurumları oluşturmak için birleştirilmiştir. Turizmdeki gelişimenin refah ve esenlik üzerinde olumsuz, kötüleştirici bir etkiye sahip olabileceği bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, sağlık hizmetleri, eğitim, kişisel haklar, makroekonomik istikrar ve piyasa ekonomisi koşullarındaki gelişmeler ekonomik refah, mutluluk ve esenlik seviyelerini artırabileceği bulunmuştur.
Nuevos registros del puercoespín colicorto (Coendou rufescens: Erethizontidae) en los municipios de Calarcá, Filandia y Quimbaya en el departamento del Quindío
Authors: Rios-Soto Julián Alberto , Zanabria-Gil Pablo Andrés , Cortes-Díaz Daniela , Osorio-Marín Karen Fernanda , Cubillos-Vargas Isabel Cristina , Montilla Sebastián O.
Published: May 2021

El puercoespín colicorto (Coendou rufescens) es un roedor de la familia Erethizontidae, caracterizado por su cola corta y dorso marrón negruzco o marrón rojizo. Su distribución en Colombia se ha documentado en las tres cordilleras de los Andes, incluyendo departamentos como Caldas y Risaralda. En Quindío, los registros de esta especie son escasos y se restringen a los municipios de Armenia y Génova. En este trabajo, se reporta la presencia de C. rufescens en nuevas localidades del departamento del Quindío a partir de evidencia fotográfica, en los municipios de Calarcá, Filandia y Quimbaya, donde se observaron siete individuos en zonas de bosque secundario, carreteras y veredas aledañas a los cascos urbanos. Estos registros son claves para estudios sobre el estado poblacional y aspectos ecológicos de la especie.
Desafios da inovação na área da saúde: aprendizado no debate contínuo
Authors: Assad Ana Lúcia Delgado , Souza Reinaldo Ferraz de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo destaca a importância da integração entre as áreas geradoras de conhecimento cientifico e o ambiente industrial, bem como do caráter multidisciplinar das organizações de pesquisa. Aponta no sentido da convergência dos múltiplos interesses dos vários atores envolvidos, criando um ambiente favorável à inovação. As políticas públicas, em especial as consubstanciadas no Plano de Ação de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (PACTI) de 2007-2010 e na Política do Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP), induzem de modo favorável, a que essas características constituam pontos fortes no Brasil. Este trabalho é resultado da participação da autora como debatedora no “Seminário Práticas e Políticas de Inovação Tecnológica para a Consolidação do SUS”, realizado em 22 de setembro de 2009, no Instituto Butantan, em São Paulo.
Desafios para o desenvolvimento de moléculas com potencial terapêutico
Authors: Chudzinski-Tavassi Ana Marisa
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar ao leitor aspectos da atual discussão sobre células tronco embrionárias em nosso país. O texto foi preparado com base na apresentação realizada na XI Reunião Científica Anual do Instituto Butantan, realizada em 3 de dezembro de 2009 em São Paulo. O artigo mostra os passos dados até aqui, no sentido da incorporação científica e aponta para a necessidade de se ampliar a geração de conhecimentos, mediante o estabelecimento de redes de pesquisa.
Quadrante de Pasteur – A ciência básica e a inovação tecnológica de Donald E. Stokes
Authors: Brasil Mitie Tada LRF
Published: May 2021

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Os documentos cartoriais na história da Farmácia e das Ciências da Saúde
Authors: Figueiredo Betânia Gonçalves , Abreu Deyse Marinho de
Published: May 2021

Tem sido cada vez mais comum a utilização de documentos cartoriais para a investigação de temáticas da área da história econômica, social e cultural. Entretanto, algumas destas fontes têm se mostrado também relevantes para os estudos da história das ciências da saúde. Os inventários, as contas testamentárias e avaliações de bens de médicos, boticários, práticos da saúde e de moribundos da região de Minas Gerais dos séculos XVIII e XIX, apresentam uma gama de informações referentes aos equipamentos, livros, fórmulas e medicamentos. Tais fontes podem indicar como era o trabalho do farmacêutico, o conhecimento sobre a ciência e as práticas de cura do período. Este artigo faz um levantamento daquilo que é encontrado nestes documentos e demonstra a possibilidade de uso para a contribuição nos estudos da história da farmácia e das ciências da saúde, ao abrir sendas para novas visões e objetos de pesquisa, mas, sobretudo, ao permitir conhecer os saberes de cura e o espaço de boticas.
A constituição de identidades médicas no Brasil pré-republicano: apontamentos sobre a clínica e a experimentação
Authors: Santos Luiz A. de Castro
Published: May 2021

A construção da “identidade médica” no Brasil desde meados do Oitocentos é o foco do presente ensaio. Um elemento chave dos processos identitários é a tensa relação entre “imagens” profissionais, bem como as condições institucionais de sua produção, introjeção e projeção. Neste sentido, procurar-se-á relacionar as trajetórias pessoais e profissionais de dois médicos paulistas do século XIX, aos contextos históricos e processos sociopsicológicos que as constituíram.
Os caminhos públicos da odontologia paulista no início do século XX
Authors: Martino Luiz Vicente Souza , Botazzo Carlos , Zilbovicius Celso
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho pretende examinar as relações da emergente odontologia paulista com os serviços públicos de saúde durante o primeiro quartel do século XX, considerando a profissão e o Serviço Sanitário de São Paulo, ambos logicamente em seu contexto, a cidade de São Paulo no início deste século. Para tanto, foram analisados documentos relativos à legislação dos serviços públicos e, mais especificamente, de saúde pública deste estado, de 1891 até 1925, bem como material da literatura odontológica da época. Um panorama histórico do cirurgião-dentista e da odontologia no estado foi traçado, observando a profissão e a área de atuação ao final do século XIX e primeiro quarto do século XX. O Serviço Sanitário também foi alvo de estudo, para que os principais atos e decretos estaduais relativos ao órgão fossem expostos. Houve, ainda, uma contextualização dos assuntos abordados com aspectos sociais, econômicos e políticos concernentes aos períodos históricos em questão.
Apresentação
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: May 2021

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Cadernos de História da Ciência 10 números: Memória, história e balanço
Authors: Dias Carlos Eduardo Sampaio Burgos , Duarte Ivomar Gomes
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um resgate na memória institucional do Butantan contada a partir da criação do Laboratório Especial de História da Ciência – LEHC – e das publicações dos Cadernos de História da Ciência – CHC. O texto se desenvolve apresentando a importância da memória na construção da história e depois segue para história do LEHC e da própria revista apresentando seu conteúdo número a número. Adiante é feita uma avaliação desses dez números publicados em seis anos apontando dificuldades, permanências e rupturas nesse processo de difusão dos acervos e memórias científicas.
Politics in Time: History, Institutions and Social Analysis, from Paul Pierson
Authors: Fernandes Suzana Cesar Gouveia
Published: May 2021

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