bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impulsividad en varones con prescripción de benzodiacepinas y metadona en prisión
Authors: Moreno-Ramos Luis , Fernández-Serrano María José , Pérez-García Miguel , Verdejo-García Antonio
Published: June 2016

El consumo de benzodiacepinas y metadona se ha asociado a diversas alteraciones neuropsicológicas. Sin embargo, no conocemos estudios sobre el efecto de estas sustancias tanto de forma separada como de forma combinada en rasgos de personalidad impulsiva, y en menor medida  en población penitenciaria.  El objetivo principal de este estudio es examinar la impulsividad rasgo, medida con  el Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Castigo Sensibilidad a la Recompensa (Torrubia, Avila, Moltó y Caseras, 2001), y la escala de Evaluación del Comportamiento Impulsivo UPPS-P (Cyders et al., 2007), en una muestra de 134 varones de un centro penitenciario con consumo de metadona, metadona y benzodiacepinas, abstinentes de consumo, y no dependientes del consumo de sustancias (criterios DSM-IV). Los resultados mostraron que los grupos de consumidores presentan mayor sensibilidad a la recompensa, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones que los no consumidores; los grupos de consumo de metadona presentan mayor sensibilidad al castigo y falta de perseverancia. El grupo de  no consumidores presenta menor falta de perseverancia que el grupo de metadona y el grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas. No se han encontrado diferencias específicamente del grupo de metadona+benzodiacepinas con el resto de los grupos. Como objetivo secundario, examinar, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, qué dimensiones de personalidad impulsiva se relacionan con los dos sistemas motivacionales propuestos por Gray (SIC-SAC). Los resultados mostraron un componente definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al refuerzo, urgencia positiva, urgencia negativa y búsqueda de sensaciones, y un segundo definido por las subescalas sensibilidad al castigo, falta de perseverancia y falta de premeditación.
Estudio transcultural del modelo de cinco factores de motivos de consumo de alcohol en universitarios españoles y canadienses
Authors: Mezquita Laura , Stewart Sherry H. , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Grant Valerie V.
Published: June 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es testar la utilidad transcultural del Modified Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (M DMQ-R) (Grant, Stewart, O’Connor, Blackwell, y Conrod, 2007). La muestra incluyó 571 universitarios españoles y 571 universitarios canadienses, de 18 a 22 años de edad (65,8% mujeres). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mostró invarianza factorial entre las muestras. Los análisis de regresión mostraron que los motivos sociales, de animación y los bajos motivos de conformidad se relacionaban con la frecuencia y cantidad de alcohol consumida en la muestra completa. El país de origen no moderó la relación de los motivos con el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados sugieren que el M DMQ-R es un instrumento adecuado para comparar los motivos de consumo entre los estudiantes españoles y canadienses, y que los programas de prevención y tratamiento centrados en los aspectos motivacionales del consumo desarrollados en un país pueden generalizarse al otro.
Asociación entre victimización por bullying y consumo de sustancias entre la población universitaria de España
Authors: Caravaca Sánchez Francisco , Navarro.Zaragoza Javier , Luna Ruiz-Cabello Aurelio , Falcón Romero María , Luna Maldonado Aurelio
Published: June 2016

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la prevalencia y la asociación entre victimización y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre la población universitaria en el sureste de España en una muestra de 543 estudiantes universitarios seleccionados aleatoriamente (405 mujeres y 138 hombres con una media de edad de 22,6 años). Estudio transversal analítico, la recogida de los datos se llevó a cabo por medio de una encuesta anónima que recogía información acerca de victimización y consumo de drogas durante los últimos 12 meses. Los resultados muestran que un 62,2% de los estudiantes había sufrido algún tipo de victimización y un 82,9% había consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva, con una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables analizadas. Además, el análisis de regresión logística mostró que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se relacionaba con diferentes tipos de victimización. Nuestros hallazgos confirman la necesidad de implementar programas para prevenir la relación entre victimización y consumo de sustancias.
Diferencias de género en la gravedad de la adicción
Authors: Díaz-Mesa Eva M. , García-Portilla Paz , Fernández-Artamendi Sergio , Sáiz Pilar A. , Bobes Bascarán Teresa , Casares María José , Fonseca Eduardo , Al-Halabí Susana , Bobes Julio
Published: June 2016

Se ha descrito que el género es un factor que condiciona los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS). Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esas diferencias de género de manera global, estandarizada y en una muestra amplia de pacientes con TUS. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el rol del género en la gravedad de la adicción a través de los diversos dominios de vida mediante el Addiction Severity Index-6 (ASI-6). Se llevó a cabo un estudio naturalístico, multicéntrico y prospectivo con una muestra compuesta por 221 pacientes con TUS (80,1% hombres). Los participantes fueron entrevistados con el ASI-6. Los resultados han mostrado que las Puntuaciones Sumarias Recientes (PSRs) son similares entre hombres y mujeres a excepción de las correspondientes a Salud mental y Pareja- Problemas, donde las mujeres presentan mayor gravedad (p = 0,017 y p = 0,013, respectivamente). Por otra parte, se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en diversos aspectos concretos de las áreas contempladas por el ASI-6, que indican que los hombres presentan más problemas en cuanto a salud física, cuestiones legales y uso de alcohol y drogas, y la mujeres en salud mental, red social y la valoración subjetiva sobre las consecuencias del TUS y la necesidad de tratamiento. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de implementar una mejora en la identificación, prevención y tratamiento de los TUS.
Alcohol, pobreza y exclusión social: Consumo de alcohol entre personas sin hogar y en riesgo de exclusión en Madrid
Authors: Panadero Sonia , Vázquez José Juan , Martín Rosa María
Published: June 2016

El trabajo analiza diferentes aspectos relativos al consumo de alcohol entre personas en situación de pobreza y/o exclusión social. La información se recogió a partir de una muestra representativa de las personas sin hogar en Madrid (n = 188) y una muestra de personas en riesgo de exclusión social (n = 164) equiparada en sexo, edad y procedencia (españoles vs. extranjeros). Los resultados obtenidos indican que las personas sin hogar presentan un mayor consumo de alcohol y han padecido más problemas derivados de dicho consumo que las personas en riesgo de exclusión. La mayoría de personas sin hogar que tuvieron problemas con el alcohol padecieron estos de forma previa a encontrarse en la situación sin hogar, manifestaron tener peor salud y haberse encontrado en un mayor número de ocasiones en la situación sin hogar. Pese al importante problema que supone el consumo de alcohol entre los entrevistados, tan sólo un pequeño porcentaje había accedido a programas de tratamiento para problemas derivados del consumo de esta sustancia.
Metadona para el tratamiento de la dependencia de opioides de prescripción médica. Una revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Ezzeldin Mohamed , Bruguera Pol , Pérez Ana , Mansilla Sara , Fàbrega Marina , Lligoña Anna , Mondón Sílvia , Balcells Mercè
Published: June 2016

La adicción a opioides de prescripción médica (OPM) está ahasta la fecha sobre su tratamiento se basan principalmente en el uso de buprenorfina. Sin embargo, la metadona puede considerarse como otra opción. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue revisar las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de psiquiatría para la desintoxicación de OPM usando metadona entre el 2010 y el 2013. El periodo de evaluación finaliza a los 3 meses desde el alta médico. Pese a ser una revisión de historia clínicas, se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas de la muestra, así como las variables relacionadas con el tratamiento y la tasa de abstinencia durante el estudio. Se incluyeron 11 pacientes, mayoritariamente mujeres (81,8%), con una mediana de edad de 50 años. La mediana de duración de la dependencia fue de 8 años. Hubo una alta prevalencia de adicción a otras sustancias así como de comorbilidades psiquiátricas. Ocho pacientes fueron seguidos durante al menos 3 meses. De estos, 7 (87,5%) estuvieron abstinentes hasta el final del periodo evaluado por el estudio. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de estudios de mayor rigor metodológico para la correcta evaluación de la metadona como un tratamiento potencialmente eficaz para la dependencia de los OPM.
Tratamiento del TDAH Dual: una Gota en el Desierto
Authors: Cunill Ruth , Castells Xavier
Published: June 2016

Editorial del vol 28-3.
Riser Life Cycle Monitoring System Undergoes Initial Research Phase
Authors: Long Roy
Published: June 2016

Technology Update

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) supports a wide range of research and development (R&D) projects to develop technology for enhancing deepwater capabilities and improving safety and protection of the environment.

Much of this work has taken place under the auspices of the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America, a nonprofit agency funded by NETL, which initiates and manages R&D through industry and academic consortia that supply funding in kind with the provision of resources and materials. Among the recently completed deepwater projects is Phase I of an assessment and design of a riser life cycle management system (RLMS).

The project was conducted by a team at GE Global Research under the direction of principal investigator Judith Guzzo. The two-phase project is aimed at developing an integrated, reliable, and commercially viable solution for a realtime, telemetry-based marine RLMS.

The RLMS is an integrated system of hardware and software tools composed of sensors located on select riser joints, wireless subsea communication between the vessel and select instrumented risers, and software for data collection, processing, riser fatigue analysis, visualization, and alerts for enhanced operational decision making. Although the initial focus is on drilling risers, this technology may be transferrable to production risers.

The initial results of Phase I, which focus on the RLMS technical solution design, development, and risk retirement, are summarized. Initial end-user requirements for an integrated structural riser monitoring system design were obtained using information collected from drilling contractors, an offshore classification society, and experts on riser engineering and manufacturing.

Using the Six Sigma method, this input was translated into preliminary user requirements for an RLMS system and functional design specifications for select subsystems using a quality function deployment (QFD) tool.

Summary of Project

The key RLMS subsystems are radio frequency identification (RFID), subsea sensors, acoustic communication, vibration and fatigue analysis, topside software, and architecture. Operational considerations such as the installation and maintenance of the RLMS system are also considered.

Following industry input analyses, a Pareto diagram of prioritized system requirements for an RLMS system (Fig. 1) highlights the key attributes of a successful system design that will be accepted by the industry (e.g., an easy, tetherless installation that does not interfere with existing riser operations).

Cost/Benefit Analysis

As a part of Phase II, a rigorous cost/benefit analysis will be conducted to quantitatively assess whether the potential system users, public and private enterprises, and government agencies would experience a net benefit from the proposed RLMS solution. A systematic estimation will be made of all benefits and costs in comparison with alternative options.
Advances Needed to Untether AUVs From Support Vessels
Authors: Betz Jack
Published: June 2016

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

For years, the oil and gas industry has used autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for simple tasks such as underwater surveys and inspection. However, because of their technical limitations, AUVs have not been able to compete with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), which are already standard equipment for most offshore projects.

While the market for AUVs remains modest, they are being used in deepwater oil and gas plays around the world. “AUVs are not a commodity yet, but they are getting there,” said Richard Mills, AUV sales manager at Kongsberg Maritime. He added that one Kongsberg customer has a long-term AUV contract with Petrobras for the use of two vehicles offshore Brazil.

High-resolution Large-area seabed surveys are the oil and gas industry’s primary use for AUVs today, said Mills. Although shiptowed sonar arrays have been used for decades in ocean floor mapping, the sensors cannot reach the absolute bottom in many cases.

On the other hand, AUVs can glide just a few meters above the ocean floor to create higher-quality images of the seabed and subsurface.

Despite some unique advantages, the power, communications, and launch-and-recovery systems of AUVs will need improvements in order to make the leap from rig jewelry to a trusted tool.

Extended Missions

To fully take advantage of an AUV’s tetherless capabilities, users must be able to operate the vehicle for longer periods of time before needing to bring it to the surface for recharging or recovery. Without advances in this area, the nagging question will be, “Why not use an ROV instead?”

Liquid Robotics’ Wave Glider is an extreme example of AUV endurance. Able to harness energy from the movement of water and from a floating solar panel on the surface, Wave Gliders can travel for months without human intervention. They have even crossed oceans by themselves. But these vehicles travel very slowly and do not operate more than 100 ft below the surface.

Propeller-driven AUVs, the main class used for oil and gas operations, have more power-intensive propulsion methods and tend to be much heavier than gliders. The most common power sources for light workclass vehicles, such as Kongsberg’s torpedo-shaped Hugin line, are rechargeable lithium ion batteries.

Each year, new variations of lithium- based batteries are developed and tested, each with slightly better chemistry, but so far, they have offered only incremental improvements.

Daniel Gomez-Ibanez, an engineer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), said that most propeller-driven AUVs have functional battery lives of 1 to 2 days, even though the total battery life of some are listed as long as 60 hours.
Q&A with Mayank Ashar, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Cairn India
Authors: Henni Abdelghani
Published: June 2016

Q&A

Mayank Ashar is the managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Cairn India. He has more than 36 years of experience in the international oil and gas industry. He previously served in various senior management and top leadership roles in global organizations such as BP, Petro-Canada, and Suncor Energy. He also served as the CEO and president of Irving Oil. In recognition of his operational excellence and large-scale project management leadership in the oil sands project with Suncor Energy, Ashar was named the “Operations Executive of the Year” by the Canadian Business magazine in 2003. Ashar holds bachelor’s degrees in chemical engineering and philosophy and economics, and master’s degrees in engineering and business administration from the University of Toronto.

What are Cairn India’s major projects?

Cairn India is one of the largest oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) companies in India, contributing approximately 27% of India’s domestic crude oil production. With our affiliates, we have been operating for more than 2 decades, playing an active role in developing India’s oil and gas resources.

Our discovery of the Mangala field, the largest onshore crude oil discovery in India in more than 2 decades, opened up the prolific Rajasthan block. Since the resumption of exploration in 2013, Cairn India has made more than 12 discoveries. The total discoveries in Rajasthan alone are 37.

The Rajasthan block is situated in the Barmer basin. The block contributed about 23% of India’s domestic crude oil production in FY 2015 [from April 2014 to March 2015]. To maximize the potential of the block and enhance ultimate recovery, Cairn India has initiated one of the world’s largest polymer flood EOR [enhanced oil recovery] programs in the Mangala field, which is the largest discovery made in the block to date.

The polymer injection has started and is expected to lead to an increase in production from the field in FY 2016. There are plans to implement similar floods in the other two major fields, Bhagyam and Aishwariya. Apart from its oil reserves, there is a significant gas resource potential in our Rajasthan block.

Together with our joint venture partner Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC), Cairn India is working toward creating appropriate infrastructure to monetize the gas potential, aiming to double gas production over this fiscal year. In addition, we have plans to drill 42 wells over the next 3 years and build a new processing terminal to increase production to approximately 100 million scf/D. The management committee has approved the Raageshwari deep gas field development plan for 100 million scf/D and contracting for this project is currently under way.
Technology Focus: Unconventional Resources (July 2015)
Authors: Chipperfield Simon
Published: June 2016

Technology Focus

At this time in the industry, it is worth reflecting on what drove Steve Jobs, who was one of the most inspirational and innovative thinkers of recent times.

Apple’s chief design officer, John Ive, had this to say about Jobs: “The defeat of cynicism. The rejection of reason. The rejection of being told 100 times, ‘You can’t do that.’ So his, I think, was a victory for beauty, for purity. And as he would say, ‘for giving a damn.’ ”

With the industry downturn, the same resolve is necessary to find the technical solution that allows the unconventional business to thrive despite severe economic headwinds. And the past is evidence of our capabilities.

In the mid-1990s, with low gas prices, ultratight gas was developed from vertical wells. Water-fracturing technology was developed in this economic environment. The large volumes of proppant previously used were proved not to be necessary in many reservoirs. Significant cost savings were the result, without noticeable effect on production. In this low-gas-price environment, fracture-staging methods were also developed that were cost effective and promoted operational efficiency, such as induced stress diversion. As gas prices improved in the early 2000s, the number of fracture stages increased. Methods such as flow-through fracture plugs were promoted, which, while costing more, led to more-effective cleanup and recovery. Finally, as gas prices continued to increase in the 2000s, horizontal wells increased dramatically in shale gas and then in shale oil.

History shows that technology adapts to the economic conditions. The optimum technology in a high-price environment is not optimum for a low-price scenario. The only limit to unconventional development is our imagination.

So, with a dramatic drop in oil price, unconventional-reservoir development is again ripe for innovation. The path to developing these new technologies requires a sustained focus on innovation and resilience to potential early setbacks.

“And when the ideas didn’t come,” Ive continued about Jobs, “and when the prototypes failed, it was with great intent, with faith, he decided to believe we would eventually make something great.”

Do you have the faith? JPT
Technology Focus: CO2 Applications
Authors: Grigg Reid B.
Published: June 2016

Technology Focus

I have been working in the petroleum industry for more than 35 years now. As I reviewed papers for this feature, I reminisced about a couple of events in my early career. First, as I was looking through petroleum journals, an article on the pending oil shortage caught my interest. The author outlined how, at current or increasing production rates, current development scenarios, and current prospective of new discoveries, oil production would soon peak. Thus, with increasing oil demand, a world oil shortage was imminent. The author did not believe there were any significant unexplored oil-bearing regions that could arrest the upcoming demise. This article was written in the early 1920s. This was not the last such article in the last 100 years. The combination of technology advances and world politics results in oil supply-and-demand cycles that have occurred repeatedly over the past 100 years and that have affected and will continue to affect our careers.

Second, about the same time 30 years ago, I was taught a timely lesson. As we were forging ahead in carbon dioxide (CO2)/oil/brine phase-behavior research at reservoir conditions, I was explaining some of our advances to a company colleague. He had been with the company for about 20 years, and I was delighted that he seemed so interested as he listened and asked pertinent questions. He then related how he had worked in an earlier enhanced-oil-recovery group that had been disbanded because of low oil prices. The irony of this was that I had not known of the existing corporate knowledge in my area of research. If I had, it would have saved some time, advancing our work.

These events both show the importance of documenting work and reviewing the literature. Not only knowledge of recent advances, but a historical perspective is important for significant advances in the industry. I commend SPE for its many conferences and other forums for technology transfer and for the conference policy of “no paper, no podium.” This is not the case in many scientific and engineering societies. This policy provides volumes of information that would otherwise not be publicly documented and also a multitude of manuscripts from which papers for peer review can be selected.

Papers related to CO2 applications in the literature this year covered a variety of topics from nanolevel investigations to full-scale field development, representing the international extent of SPE and including subjects such as reservoir fracturing, enhanced oil recovery, and carbon storage. The following pages summarize four articles that highlight activities related to CO2 applications. These articles represent the variety, advances, and constants that continue in the use of CO2 to improve petroleum-industry results. JPT
The Use of Reservoir Simulation in Deterministic Proved-Reserves Estimation
Authors: Jones A. D. , Denelle F. R. , Lee W. J. , MacDonald D. G. , Seiller B. J.
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes an approach for assessing a reservoir-simulation model for use in estimating reserves. A simulation model can integrate complex static data, the physical description of displacement processes, production constraints, and schedules. Hence, it can provide important information for business decisions and reserves estimation. Confidence in simulation predictions depends on the strength of evidence for the input data, quality control of the model, robustness of the history match, and whether there is independent evidence supporting predictions. We explain the principles for evaluating a simulation model and propose requirements for simulation predictions to be considered as proved reserves. This involves evaluation against different strands of evidence, such as static and dynamic characterization, wells and facilities description, reservoir performance, and analogs. Simulation models are often built to support business decisions by use of the best technical estimates for inputs. There can be instances where a simulation model may be reasonable and reliable but it only represents a “best technical” outcome. There may not be sufficient evidence to count the whole predicted recovery as proved reserves. We propose how such a model may be modified to also provide proved-reserves estimates. The approach can be used with different available data and at different stages of field life. It is illustrated through a case study that shows how the principles may be applied.
Revealing the relationship between microbial community structure in natural biofilms and the pollution level in urban rivers: a case study in the Qinhuai River basin, Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Cai Wei , Li Yi , Wang Peifang , Niu Lihua , Zhang Wenlong , Wang Chao
Published: June 2016

River pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues, but the effect of river pollution levels on the biofilm communities has not been well-studied. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of environmental parameters and the biofilm communities were investigated in the Qinhuai River basin, Nanjing, China. Water samples were grouped into three clusters reflecting their varying pollution levels of relatively slight pollution, moderated pollution, and high pollution by hierarchical cluster analysis. In different clusters, the biofilm communities mainly differed in the proportion of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. As the dominant classes of Proteobacteria, Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria seemed to show an upward trend followed by a small fluctuation in the abundance with the escalation of water pollution level. Results of redundancy analysis demonstrated that temperature, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratios (TN/TP) and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and TN were mainly responsible for the variation in bacterial community structure. The occurrences of Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria were closely associated with higher temperature, higher concentrations of NH3-N and TN and a lower TN/TP ratio. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the water pollution control and ecological restoration in urban rivers under different pollution levels.
Formas de maltrato infantil utilizadas por adultos de un barrio de Santa Marta
Authors: Acosta Salazar Diana , Lapeira Panneflex Patricia , González Noguera Tatiana
Published: June 2016

El maltrato sigue siendo una situación vivida por niños y niñas de todas las clases sociales, sin embargo, este suele presentarse con mayor incidencia en niños que viven bajo situación socioeconómica de pobreza, pudiendo afectar la calidad de vida de los mismos al ser víctimas de los malos tratos experimentados en su entorno familiar y social. El presente estudio tiene como fin describir las formas de maltrato infantil ejercidas por los adultos del barrio Las Malvinas en menores de 18 años. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa de características descriptivas y corte trasversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 83 adultos residentes en el barrio Las Malvinas, a los que se le aplicó la encuesta denominada Encuesta para la Detección de Maltrato Infantil o en Riesgo de Sufrirlo, dando como resultado que el maltrato psicológico presentó mayor incidencia; los actos de maltrato en menores fueron propiciados por algún miembro de la familia, y dentro de las situaciones desencadenantes descritas por los adultos encuestados se encuentran el exceso de trabajo y la escasez de dinero.
Late Anterior Dislocation Due to Posterior Pelvic Tilt in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Nakashima Yasuharu , Yamamoto Takuaki , Motomura Goro , Kanazawa Masayuki , Takagishi Kenji , Iwamoto Yukihide
Published: June 2016

Background:

Excessive pelvic tilt may be one of the factors leading to instability in total hip arthroplasty (THA), even when the acetabular cup is placed properly. To our knowledge, only a few studies have described late anterior dislocation due to posterior pelvic tilt. We present 3 cases with late anterior dislocations possibly due to posterior pelvic tilt.

Cases Presentations:

Case-1: An 84-years-old woman fell and presented with an anterior dislocation 12-years after THA. Her pelvis had tilted to approximately 30° posteriorly in a supine position. After conservative treatment, she presented with 10 recurrent anterior dislocations. She had thoracolumbar kyphosis due to multiple compression fractures. Revision with anterior placement of an elevated liner and a 32-mm head corrected the dislocation, and no further dislocations occurred.

Case-2: A 78-years-old woman fell and presented with an anterior dislocation 4-years after THA. Her posterior pelvic tilt had increased 23° due to a lumbar compression fracture. Revision by decreasing the cup anteversion was performed, but recurrent posterior dislocations occurred. Owing to her worsened general condition, further treatment was abandoned.

Case-3: A 79-years-old woman twisted her body and presented an anterior dislocation 3-years after THA. After manual reduction and conservative treatment, the dislocation recurred. Her posterior pelvic tilt had increased 16°.

Conclusion:

Although minor trauma triggered the anterior instability in these patients, the underlying pathomechanism existed in the progressive pelvic posterior tilt due to thoracolumbar kyphosis. As longer life expectancy as well as implant survivorship is predicted, attention must be paid to the change of pelvic tilt in elderly patients.
Understanding Science Achievement Gaps by Race/Ethnicity and Gender in Kindergarten and First Grade
Authors: Curran F. Chris , Kellogg Ann T.
Published: June 2016

Disparities in science achievement across race and gender have been well documented in secondary and postsecondary school; however, the science achievement gap in the early years of elementary school remains understudied. We present findings from the recently released Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 that demonstrate significant gaps in science achievement in kindergarten and first grade by race/ethnicity. We estimate the Black-White science gap in kindergarten at –.82 SD but find only a small gender gap by first grade. Large disparities between Asian student performance in science as compared to mathematics and reading are documented. Student background characteristics and school fixed effects explain nearly 60% of the Black-White and Hispanic-White science achievement gaps in kindergarten. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
A Review of Social Problem-Solving Interventions
Authors: Merrill Kristen L. , Smith Stephen W. , Cumming Michelle M. , Daunic Ann P.
Published: June 2016

Students with significant behavioral and social problems experience some of the poorest outcomes in school and beyond. It is imperative, therefore, that educational researchers and school-based professionals address the needs of students who exhibit maladaptive behavior to alter their poor outcome trajectory. Social problem-solving (SPS) instruction is a promising approach for improving social competence and changing problem behaviors. Despite documented outcomes for SPS instruction in school settings, Coleman, Wheeler, and Webber’s review appears to be the most up-to-date compilation of the SPS literature. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present a more current review of the literature on SPS interventions in school settings. We examine and summarize studies investigating SPS interventions in K–12 settings from 1993 to 2015 and discuss findings and implications for educational research and practice.
Academic Effects of Peer-Mediated Interventions With English Language Learners
Authors: Pyle Daniel , Pyle Nicole , Lignugaris/Kraft Benjamin , Duran Lillian , Akers Jessica
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to synthesize the extant research on peer-mediated interventions (PMIs) with English language learners (ELLs) in kindergarten through Grade 12. Fourteen studies that were published in peer-reviewed journals from 1983 to 2013 were examined in terms of study characteristics, the effects on academic outcomes, study quality, and overall effectiveness. Structured, heterogeneous grouping was used in the 10 peer pairing and 4 collaborative/cooperative grouping PMIs with ELLs. Eight of the 14 studies included high methodological quality. Overall, PMIs with ELLs are associated with medium to large effects on measures of phonemic awareness, vocabulary, and comprehension when compared to teacher-mediated comparison conditions. More research on PMIs with ELLs in high school and across core content areas, particularly mathematics, is warranted. Implications and future research for PMIs with ELLs are discussed.
Freedom as Praxis: Migdalia Cruz’s Fur and the Emancipation of Caliban’s Woman
Authors: García Armando
Published: June 2016

This essay analyses the play Fur by the Nuyorican playwright Migdalia Cruz in relation to William Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Aimé Césaire’s A Tempest in order to trace colonialism’s imprint on racial formations and ideations of freedom. Following theories by Sylvia Wynter and Anthony Bogues, this analysis demonstrates how minoritarian subjects, through their embodiment of race and freedom, can redesign the narratives of resistance that have oriented our understanding of modern drama. Casting Fur’s depiction of sociality against a genealogy of colonialism, I offer new ways to understand how practices of freedom may emancipate slaves into full-fledged human beings.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Current Practices of Canadian Physiotherapists in Preventing and Managing Diabetes
Authors: Doehring Karly , Durno Scott , Pakenham Catherine , Versi Bashir , DePaul Vincent G.
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and current practices of Canadian physiotherapists in preventing and managing diabetes. Methods: Members of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association were recruited by email to participate in a Web-based survey. The survey contained 40 items in four domains: demographics and education, attitudes and beliefs, current practices, and knowledge of diabetes. A descriptive analysis was completed for all the response variables from the survey. Results: A total of 401 physiotherapists from 10 provinces and 2 territories participated. Respondents were most confident in providing education about exercise and had decreasing confidence in providing education about managing secondary complications, weight management, blood sugar control, and nutrition, respectively. Only 32.4% of participants offered diabetes management counselling, citing lack of training. Knowledge was generally good, except for activity guidelines. Conclusions: A significant proportion of physiotherapists lack confidence in providing key aspects of care to patients with diabetes. Gaps in clinical practice and knowledge of activity guidelines were also observed. This study highlights the need to review entry-level physiotherapy training and to develop continuing educational opportunities in this area.
Obstetric hemorrhage survey: Attitudes and practices of maternal-fetal medicine fellows
Authors: Ahmadzia H.K. , Thomas S.M. , Murtha A.P. , Heine R.P. , Brancazio L.R.
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experiences related to obstetric hemorrhage and suspected abnormal placentation among first year maternal-fetal medicine fellows.

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine fellow retreat in March 2013. Fellows were asked about management strategies that reflected both their individual and institutional practices.

RESULTS: There was a 56% response rate (55/98). In cases of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, there was variable use of the uterine tamponade device. The median incremental time for balloon deflation was every 5 hours (IQR = 2–12). Compared to the east coast, fellows from the west coast performed more hysterectomies (mean±SD; 2.9±2.4 vs. 1.2±1.2, p = 0.004). During a peripartum hysterectomy, 29% of fellows used a handheld cautery device such as Ligasure® or Gyrus®. Fifty-six percent responded that their institution never recommend planned delayed hysterectomies for abnormal placental implantation.

CONCLUSION: There is wide variation in practice among first year maternal-fetal medicine fellows in management of peripartum hysterectomy and postpartum hemorrhage.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Microbial Agents Causing Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection in Surgical Ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Islam Tashmin Afroz Binte , Shamsuzzaman SM , Nehar Naznin , Fardows Jannatul
Published: June 2016

Background: Nosocomial infections pose substantial risk to patients receiving care in hospitals. In Bangladesh, this problem is aggravated by inadequate infection control due to poor hygiene, resource and structural constraints and lack of awareness regarding nosocomial infections.Objective: We carried out this study to determine the prevalence of different microorganisms from urine in surgery ward and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern against various antibiotics.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka over a period of 12 months from July 2011 to June 2012. A total of 52 urine specimens were collected from catheterized patients admitted in general surgery ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and incubated in blood agar, MacConkey agar media and the isolates were identified by different biochemical tests  oxidase test and reaction in MIU (motility indole urease) and Simmons citrate and TSI (triple sugar iron) media. ESBL producers were detected by double-disk synergy test (DDST).Results: Bacteria were isolated from 35 specimens and Escherichia coli was the commonest isolate (23, 65.71%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (17.14%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 3 (8.57%), Acinetobacter baumannii 2 (5.72%) and Proteus vulgaris 1 (2.86%) respectively. Among the isolates, 10 (28.57%) ESBL producers were detected and the highest ESBL production was observed in Escherichia coli (8, 22.85%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (2.86%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 (2.86%). The isolates were resistant to most of the commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion: The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a difficult task for physicians who have limited therapeutic options. However, the high rate of nosocomial infections and multi-resistant pathogens necessitate urgent comprehensive interventions of infection control.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 75-79
Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding among Urban Mothers
Authors: Sharmin Lazina , Chowdhury MAK Azad , Khatun Soofia , Ahmed Naser
Published: June 2016

Background: Breastfeeding is the unique source of nutrition and it plays an important role in the growth, development and survival of the infants. The initiation of breastfeeding within one hour and continuation of only breast milk up to six months ensure maximum benefits. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh is 56% which is low. We designed this study to find out the factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding in Bangladeshi population.Objective: To study the factors influencing noncompliance to exclusive breastfeeding.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the period January to June 2011. It includes 125 infant (112 months)-mother pairs randomly selected from the inpatient and outpatient departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Mother-infant pairs were divided into two groups based on continuation of only breastfeeding up to six months. Outcomes were compared between two groups.Results: In this study exclusive breastfeeding was found in 27.2% and nonexclusive breastfeeding was in 72.8% cases. It was found that in most cases (40%) termination of breastfeeding was at 3--4 months. The study revealed that insufficient milk production due to poor position and attachment, social factors such as influence of husband and other family members, joining to service etc act as barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Mass media and advice from health professionals had a higher influence on lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Women who were multiparous, housewives were more likely to maintain optimal breastfeeding.Conclusion: The present study reveals some important factors contributing to low rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 88-92
A 65-Year-Old Female with Pagets Disease of Skull
Authors: Mustafa Syed Arshad
Published: June 2016

Pagets disease (PD) of the bone is a chronic metabolic disorder involving increased bone turnover with abnormal repair, leading to bony deformities and associated pain. It is characterised by a disturbance in bone modelling and remodelling because of increased osteoclastic activity followed by improper osteoblastic repair. Although PD of bone is an uncommon entity, axial skeleton involving pelvic bones, spine and skull are the commonest sites. Here we report a case of 65-yearold postmenopausal female who presented with generalised bone pain and subsequently was diagnosed as a case of Pagets disease and managed accordingly.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 106-109
Reviewers in this Issue 6(2)
Authors: Khan Md Aminul Haque
Published: June 2016

Abstract not availableJ Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 118
Dental students' knowledge and practices regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth
Authors: Omar Ola Moustafa , Farrag Nadia Mostafa
Published: June 2016

Extracted human teeth are used by dental students in preclinical courses to practice on them different dental procedures, however they can be a source of infection. According to Center for disease control, extracted teeth should be disinfected or sterilized before use. The current study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth in a group of dental students. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on third, fourth and fifth- year dental students at College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared based on a previous study which tests the knowledge and practice of students regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth. Results of this study showed that most of the students in all grades agreed that it is necessary to disinfect and/or sterilize extracted teeth before working on them. They reported also that it is mandatory to use specific precautions while working in these teeth since they can be a source of infection and there is a chance of disease transmission through them. The year of education affected the response, where 92.5% of fourth grade students agreed that there is a necessity to disinfect and/or sterilize extracted teeth before working on them in comparison to third grade students who recorded the lowest score (70.4%) with statistically significant difference. Hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaving got the highest scores for teeth sterilization and/or disinfection among the three different grades with insignificant statistical difference. Regarding the practices of students no statistical significant difference was found between the three grades regarding the sterilization methods for extracted teeth and their use of protective barriers during handling of them. Most of students reported that their source of knowledge was taught in dental courses or from instructions from dental staff members with no statistical significant differences between the grades or gender. The results of the present study concluded that knowledge and practices of dental students at Taibah University in relation to sterilization/disinfection methods of extracted human teeth was satisfactory.
Risk factors, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carpabenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt
Authors: Amer Wesam Hatem , Khalil Haidy Samir , Abd EL Wahab Marwa Ahmed
Published: June 2016

Carpabenem resistant Enterobacteriacae (CRE) is an increasing worldwide health problem with excess morbidity and mortality. So the aim of this work to study the risk factors, phenotypic and genotypic characters of CRE in our institute. Seventy five patients with hospital acquired infection were enrolled in this study. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed. The differentiation of the types of carbapenemases was done by inhibitor-based tests. The bla genes were detected by using the multiplex PCR. Out of 75 cases of Enterobacteriaceae, 47 (62.7%) CRE were detected. Cases of septicaemia and ventilator associated pneumonia with previous history of carbapenam intake especially in neonatal ICU were more risky for CRE. The overall detection rate in the CRE by modified hodge test (MHT) was 82.9%. By synergy combined disc tests, 47%, 19.1% were positive respectively for Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). By multiplex PCR, the most prevalent gene was bla KPC (22 ,46.8%), followed by blaVIM (10 , 21.3%) , blaOXA-48 (6 , 12.7%), bla KPC + blaOXA-48 (5, 10.6%), bla KPC + blaVIM (3 , 6.4%) while blaIMP and blaNDM genes were not detected. As the burden of carbapenem resistance in Egypt is increasing with limited treatment options. We suggest to develop antimicrobial stewardship in Tanta University Hospital together with governmental supervision to prevent the unrestricted anti microbial sales without prescriptions.
Effects of florivory on plant‐pollinator interactions: Implications for male and female components of plant reproduction
Authors: Carper Adrian L. , Adler Lynn S. , Irwin Rebecca E.
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Florivory could have direct negative effects on plant fitness due to consumption of floral organs, and indirect effects mediated through changes in traits important to pollination. These effects likely vary with plant sexual system, depending on sex‐ or morph‐specific patterns of damage. We investigated the direct and indirect effects of simulated florivory on male and female components of reproduction in the native, distylous vine Gelsemium sempervirens.

METHODS:

We crossed floral damage and supplemental pollination treatments in a common garden array and tracked pollinator behavioral responses. We also estimated male function using fluorescent dye as an analog for pollen transfer, and measured both fruit and seed production.

KEY RESULTS:

The effects of floral damage varied by floral morph, the genus of floral visitor, and the component of reproduction measured. Damage reduced the number of pollinator visits to pin but not thrum plants, and increased the time some pollinators spent per flower in thrum but not pin plants. Flowers of damaged plants transferred more dye particles to recipient plants compared to undamaged plants, but only later in the season when the majority of dye transfer occurred. Damage had no effect on female reproduction.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that florivory can have positive indirect effects on estimated male plant reproduction through changes in different pollinators’ behavior at flowers, but the effects of floral damage vary with male vs. female function. These results underscore the importance of other species’ interactions at flowers in driving pollinator behavior and pollen transfer dynamics.