bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konnektivität und kortikale Architektur
Authors: Hilgetag C. C. , Amunts K.
Published: April 2017

Die zelluläre Architektur (Zytoarchitektur) der kortikalen Areale der Großhirnrinde unterscheidet sich regional, ebenso wie die Verschaltungen innerhalb eines Areals und die Verbindungen zwischen den Arealen. Weitgehend unbekannt sind jedoch die genauen Regeln, nach denen die zellulare und Faserbahnarchitektur zueinander in Beziehung stehen und es fehlen Befunde, welche die charakteristische Organisation von kortikaler Mikro- und Makrokonnektivität umfassend erklären. Um Organisationsprinzipien kortikaler Konnektivität zu identifizieren, untersuchen wir systematisch unterschiedliche Parameter kortikaler Architektur und ihre Beziehung zur Organisation von anatomischen Verbindungen zwischen kortikalen Arealen. Charakteristische Parameter kortikaler Architektur sind zum Beispiel die unterschiedliche Dichte und Verteilung von Neuronen und Neuronentypen in den verschiedenen Schichten kortikaler Areale sowie die regionale Verteilung unterschiedlicher Rezeptoren von Neurotransmittersystemen. Die zytoarchitektonische Charakterisierung des Gehirns ist ein klassischer Ansatz der Neuroanatomie, der in den letzten Jahren durch neue Markierungstechniken sowie optische und analytische Verfahren ergänzt wurde. Dennoch steht die systematische, quantitative Erfassung von architektonischen und morphologischen Parametern für das menschliche Gehirn noch am Anfang. Es ist eine große Herausforderung, die extrem umfangreichen und detaillierten histologischen Daten („big data“) mittels neuartiger bildverarbeitender Techniken zu erfassen und zu quantifizieren. Diese Aufgabe wird beispielsweise im BigBrain- Projekt in Angriff genommen. Umfangreiche anatomische Daten existieren dagegen bereits für die Gehirne von nichtmenschlichen Primaten, der Katze oder der Maus, jedoch stellt sich für jeden einzelnen Parameter die Frage der Übertragbarkeit von Erkenntnissen zwischen den Spezies. Bereits vorliegende Analysen legen nahe, dass die regional spezifische Zytoarchitektur der Großhirnrinde eng mit der Existenz und den laminaren Projektionsmustern kortikaler Verbindungen verbunden ist. Diese Ergebnisse implizieren systematische Beziehungen zwischen den Mustern makroskopischer Verbindungen zwischen verschiedenen kortikalen Arealen und den regional spezifischen intrinsischen Schaltkreisen innerhalb von kortikalen Arealen. Solche Regelmäßigkeiten sind die Basis für generische Modelle globaler kortikaler Konnektivität,welche essenzielle anatomische und funktionelle Eigenschaften der kortikalen Organisation des Säugetiergehirns abbilden
How the brain learns to listen: deafness and the bionic ear
Authors: Kral A. , Lenarz Thomas
Published: April 2017

For the first time in the history of neuroscience, hearing allows to systematically investigate brain development with and without sensory experience in humans. This is given by the clinical success of the cochlear implant, a neuroprosthesis that can replace the non-functional inner ear. In recent years, auditory neuroscience investigated the neuronal mechanisms of learning, sensitive developmental periods and cross-modal reorganization in parallel in humans and animal models, with highly consistent outcomes. We learned that the brain undergoes a complex adaptation to deafness, both within and outside the auditory system. These adaptations reorganize the brain optimally to cope with deafness, but they negatively interfere with a later prosthetic therapy of hearing. They eventually close the sensitive developmental periods. The critical nature of sensitive periods is not only a consequence of a developmentally reduced synaptic plasticity but also the consequence of changes in central integrative functions and cognitive adaptations to deafness.
What types of neocortical GABAergic neurons do really exist?
Authors: Staiger J.F. , Möck Martin , Prönneke Alvar , Witte Mirko
Published: April 2017

The neocortex is regarded as the brain structure responsible for mediating higher brain functions, like conscious perception of sensory signals, learning and memory or programming of goal-directed behavior. Cortical circuits that enable these functions are formed by, first, a larger population of excitatory so-called principal cells (i.e., glutamatergic pyramidal cells; ca. 80-85 %), which issue long-distance projections, in addition to local recurrent collaterals, which form the major part of local cortical excitatory circuits. A second, smaller population of inhibitory also called local or short-axoned interneurons (i.e., GABAergic neurons; ca. 15-20 %), however, contribute heavily to intracortical microcircuits too. They can be subdivided by their location in specific areas, layers, or columns, which possess specific input-output relationships, but also in terms of morphology, electrophysiology, molecular expression profiles, and subcellular target specificity. Here it is proposed that, at present, in the rodent neocortex this population of GABAergic neurons can be reasonably divided into six different types, mainly due to their unique axonal patterns and subcellular target specificity: (i) axo-axonic cells, (ii) basket cells, (iii) Martinotti cells, (iv) bipolar/bitufted cells, (v) neurogliaform cells, and (vi) projection neurons. These different types of GABAergic neurons strongly govern the working of cortical circuits for meaningful behavior by feed-forward and feedback inhibition as well as disinhibition. Thus, they keep excitation in check, perform gain modulation, and open temporal or spatial windows for input control or output generation.
Learning from brain control: clinical application of brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Birbaumer Niels , Chaudhary Ujwal
Published: April 2017

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) use neuroelectric and metabolic brain activity to activate peripheral devices and computers without mediation of the motor system. In order to activate the BCI patients have to learn a certain amount of brain control. Self-regulation of brain activity was found to follow the principles of skill learning and instrumental conditioning. This review focuses on the clinical application of brain-computer interfaces in paralyzed patients with locked-in syndrome and completely locked-in syndrome (CLIS). It was shown that electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces allow selection of letters and words in a computer menu with different types of EEG signals. However, in patients with CLIS without any muscular control, particularly of eye movements, classical EEG-based brain-computer interfaces were not successful. Even after implantation of electrodes in the human brain, CLIS patients were unable to communicate. We developed a theoretical model explaining this fundamental deficit in instrumental learning of brain control and voluntary communication: patients in complete paralysis extinguish goal-directed responseoriented thinking and intentions. Therefore, a reflexive classical conditioning procedure was developed and metabolic brain signals measured with near infrared spectroscopy were used in CLIS patients to answer simple questions with a “yes” or “no”-brain response. The data collected so far are promising and show that for the first time CLIS patients communicate with such a BCI system using metabolic brain signals and simple reflexive learning tasks. Finally, brain machine interfaces and rehabilitation in chronic stroke are described demonstrating in chronic stroke patients without any residual upper limb movement a surprising recovery of motor function on the motor level as well as on the brain level. After extensive combined BCI training with behaviorally oriented physiotherapy, significant improvement in motor function was shown in this previously intractable paralysis. In conclusion, clinical application of brain machine interfaces in well-defined and circumscribed neurological disorders have demonstrated surprisingly positive effects. The application of BCIs to psychiatric and clinical-psychological problems, however, at present did not result in substantial improvement of complex behavioral disorders.
Neuronal control of walking: studies on insects
Authors: Büschges Ansgar , Schmidt Joachim
Published: April 2017

The control of walking in insects is to a substantial amount a function of neuronal networks in the thoracic ganglia. While descending signals from head ganglia provide general commands such as for walking direction and velocity, it is the thoracic central nervous system that controls movements of individual joints and legs. The coordination pattern of legs is velocity dependent. However, a clear stereotypic coordination pattern appears only at high velocities. In accordance with the unit burst oscillator concept, oscillatory networks (central pattern generators (CPGs)) interlocked with movement and load sensors control the timing and amplitude of joint movements. For a leg’s movements different joint CPGs of a leg are mainly coupled by proprioceptors. Differential processing of proprioceptive signals allows a task specific modulation of leg movements, for example, for changing movement direction. A switch between walking and searching movements of a leg is under local control. When stepping into a gap missing sensory input and the activation of a local command neuron evokes stereotypic searching movements of the leg.
Impact of the extracellular matrix on plasticity in juvenile and adult brains
Authors: Frischknecht R. , Happel Max F.K. , Happel Max F.K.
Published: April 2017

In the higher vertebrate brain, the delicate balance between structural stabilization and remodeling of synaptic networks changes over the life span. The juvenile brain is characterized by high structural plasticity. A critical step in brain maturation is the occurrence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that structurally stabilizes neuronal tissue restricting the potential for neuronal remodeling and regeneration. Current research has only begun to understand how this putative limitation of adult neuronal plasticity might impact on learning-related plasticity, lifelong memory reformation and higher cognitive functions. In this review, we summarize recent evidence that recognizes the ECM and its activity- dependent modulation as a key regulator of learning-related plasticity in the adult brain. Experimental modulation of the ECM in local neuronal circuits further opens short-term windows of activity-dependent reorganization, promoting complex forms of cognitive flexible adaptation of valuable behavioral options. This further bears implications for guided neuroplasticity with regenerative and therapeutic potential.
Connectomics: a need for comparative studies
Authors: Laurent Gilles , Laurent G.
Published: April 2017

Connectomics, the study of circuit architecture, has the potential to reveal the connectivity of any brain or brain area with single-synapse resolution. This is extremely exciting but at the same time quite daunting. The exciting part is obvious. The daunting part is less so, and relates to the challenge of extracting principles from overwhelming masses of high-resolution data. You might say that it is a nice problem to have, and I will agree. What I will argue here is that, if our goal is to derive from such data a general and theoretical understanding of the brain, wemust nowmore than ever take advantage of comparative approaches.
Evaluation of the Hydropower Generation Potential of a Dam Using Optimization Techniques: Application to Doma Dam, Nassarawa, in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Salami Adebayo Wahab , Sule Bolaji Fatai , Adunkpe Tope Lacroix , Ayanshola Ayanniyi Mufutau , Bilewu Solomon Olakunle
Published: April 2017

Optimization models have been developed to maximize annual energy generation from the Doma dam, subject to the constraint of releases for irrigation, ecological purposes, the water supply, the maximum yield from the reservoir and reservoir storage. The model was solved with LINGO software for various mean annual inflow exceedence probabilities. Two scenarios of hydropower retrofitting were considered. Scenario 1, with the reservoir inflows at 50%, 75%, and 90% probabilities of exceedence, gives the total annual hydropower as 0.531 MW, 0.450 MW and 0.291 MW, respectively. The corresponding values for scenario 2 were 0.615 MW, 0.507 MW, and 0.346 MW respectively. The study also considered increasing the reservoir’s live storage to 32.63Mm3 by taking part of the flood storage so that the maximum draft increases to 7 Mm3. With this upper limit of storage and draft with reservoir inflows of 50%, 75% and 90% probabilities of exceedence, the hydropower generated increased to 0.609 MW, 0.540 MW, and 0.347 MW respectively for the scenario 1 arrangement, while those of scenario 2 increased to 0.699 MW, 0.579MW and 0.406 MW respectively. The results indicate that the Doma Dam is suitable for the production of hydroelectric power and that its generation potential is between 0.61 MW and 0.70 MW.
Moisture Transfer in Concrete: Numerical Determination of the Capillary Conductivity Coefficient
Authors: Simo Elie , Dzali Mbeumo Pascal Durant , Mbami Njeuten Jeanne Claude
Published: April 2017

We numerically investigated moisture transfer in buildings made of concrete. We considered three types of concrete: normal concrete, pumice concrete and cellular concrete. We present the results of a 1-D liquid water flow in such materials. We evaluated the moisture distribution in building materials using the Runge-Kutta fourth-and-fifth-order method. The DOPRI5 code was used as an integrator. The model calculated the resulting moisture content and other moisture-dependent physical parameters. The moisture curves were plotted. The dampness data obtained was utilized for the numerical computation of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity of moisture. Different profiles of this coefficient are represented. Calculations were performed for four different values of the outdoor temperature: -5°C, 0°C, 5°C and 10°C. We determined that the curves corresponding to small time intervals of wetting are associated with great amplitudes of the capillary conductivity . The amplitudes of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity decrease as the time interval increases. High outdoor temperatures induce high amplitudes of the coefficient of the capillary conductivity.
Experimental Measurements of the Water Evaporation Rate of a Physical Model
Authors: Turza Róbert , Füri Belo B.
Published: April 2017

As the number of indoor swimming pools and wellness centers are currently growing, it is necessary to concentrate on the parameters of indoor environments. These parameters are necessary for the design of the HVAC systems that operate these premises. In indoor swimming-pool facilities, the energy demand is large due to ventilation losses from exhaust air. Since water evaporates from a pool’s surface, exhaust air has a high water content and specific enthalpy. In this paper the results of the water evaporation rate measured from swimming pool surfaces at higher thermal water temperatures are described.
Methods for Improvement of the Ecosystem Services of Soil by Sustainable Land Management in the Myjava River Basin
Authors: Korbeľová Lenka , Kohnová Silvia
Published: April 2017

The main aim of this study is the development of methods for the assessment of the ecosystem services (ESS) of soils within the RECARE project and the participatory identification of measures to combat soil threats caused by floods in the Myjava River basin. The Myjava Hills highlands are known for their rapid runoff response and related muddy floods, which are determined by both the natural and socio-economic conditions. Within the frame of the mentioned project, the ESS framework with detailed relationships between the ecology, societal response, driving forces and also human well-being was identified. Next, to assess the SLM practices in the pilot basin, the stakeholders, who showed an interest in solving the flood protection problems in their areas, took an active part in the process of evaluating, scoring and selecting the best sustainable land management practices (SLM) for the flood protection of soil. From the results which were proposed, the technology of vegetative strips was top rated within the total results among all the SLM measures in all the categories, followed by water-retaining ditches and small wooden dams. Building a polder least meets the proposed SLM criteria.
Specific Polymorphism 4G/5G Gene for PAI-1 as a Possible Cause of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Matic Tatjana Boskovic , Gavrilovic Aleksandar , Simovic Snezana , Aleksic Dejan , Vesic Katarina , Azanjac Ana , Toncev Slavco , Drakulic Svetlana Miletic
Published: April 2017

Thrombosis of veins and venous sinus (CVT) is the rare cerebral vascular disorder which makes less than 1% of all strokes. Thrombosis of veins and venous sinuses is picturesquely called “мајоr neurological forger” since it is characterized by very varied clinical picture. Among the various causes of CVT, which can be of infective or non-infective nature, the congenital hyper coagulations especially stand out, diagnosis is based on highly sophisticated diagnostic tests.

We present the case of a female patient, 36 years old, who was hospitalized at the Clinic for Neurology in Clinical Center because of the diffuse headache she had for the last few days, with milder right-sided hemiparesis and one generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizure. With nuclear magnetic resonance (MR/2D venography) the thrombosis of the upper and lower sagittal sinuses is confirmed. By appropriate laboratory tests, as well as by confirmatory immunological and genetic analyses, the impact of the most of the factors is excluded which can contribute to the occurrence of venous thrombosis. The only pathological findings which indicated the possible congenital thrombophilia as the cause of the sagittal sinus thrombosis was the determination of the specific polymorphism of the 4G/5G gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1.

According to our knowledge, this is the first decribed case of the possible impact of the specific polymorphism of the 4G/5G gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor of 1 on the development of cerebral venous thrombosis.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Etanercept in Combination with Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Markov Model Based on Data from Serbia
Authors: Kostic Marina
Published: April 2017

Biological therapeutic strategies have shown positive benefits for chronic and progressive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical and radiological outcomes. Despite these results, the use of biological drugs in the treatment of RA is limited by high costs. The aim of this study was to compare the cost effectiveness of etanercept in combination with methotrexate and methotrexate alone in patients with RA in the socioeconomic environment of a Balkan country.

We conducted a cost-effectiveness study using a Markov model from a societal perspective with a time horizon of 480 months. The cycle duration was set to one month. The basic transition probabilities and data on therapeutic efficacy were estimated from the available literature, while costs were calculated using the medical documents of patients with RA treated at the Clinical Center Kragujevac.

Our results indicated that treatment of patients with RA using methotrexate alone is more cost effective, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 1.446.640,78 RSD/QALY, than treatment with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of 5.882.714,57 RSD/QALY.

The use of etanercept to treat RA is not cost effective in the socioeconomic environment of Serbia. The cost-effectiveness ratio of biological drugs would be more favourable if special strategies for the pricing policy of biological drugs were established on the basis of local pharmacoeconomic studies.
Tear Film Stability in Patients with Pseudexfoliation
Authors: Vulovic Tatjana Sarenac , Pavlovic Sladjana , Janicijevic Katarina , Todorovic Dusan , Lutovac Mitar , Paunovic Svetlana , Petrovic Nenad , Jovanovic Svetlana , Zdravkovic Nemanja
Published: April 2017

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an age related disorder, characterized by abnormal fibrous fiber production and accumulation in different visceral organs as well as in the eye and periocular tissues. Hystological examination recorded the presence of the pseudoexfoliation in the conjunctiva, and they can disturb the accessory lacrimal gland and goblet cell function. This can explain tear film instability in patients with pseudoexfoliations. In our study, we examined the tear film stability in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation, using Schirmer test and tear break up time test. Our results indicated that patients with pseudoexfoliation had lower values of Schirmer and tear break up time tests than patients without it. Pseudoexfoliation is the main reason for the instability of the tear film, because of its negative impact on the conjucntival goblet cells. In conclusion, ophthalmologists must have these data on their mind in the process of the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma treatment and controlling.
Art and archaeology: the visualisation of Orkney
Authors: Sorrell Julia
Published: April 2017

Art and archaeology have always been an important part of my life, and it is only in the last couple of years that I have realised how I can unite them. Let me explain. I am the daughter of Alan Sorrell—an artist best known for his archaeological reconstruction drawings (Perry & Johnson 2014: 323; Figure 1)—and throughout my childhood we visited sites around the country, linking work and holidays. As an artist, my father would gradually gather information to visualise yet another archaeological site while my brothers and I played. In time, I too became an artist fascinated by the abstraction and geometry of the natural world. When awarded the first TravelArt award 2015 by the ACE Foundation, I was asked to produce an exhibition of paintings of Orkney. This unleashed a latent desire to find my own personal interpretation of archaeology.
Versioning Strauss
Authors: Tunbridge Laura
Published: April 2017

Strauss's song “Frühlingsfeier,” op. 56, no. 5, was originally composed for voice and piano in 1906 and orchestrated in 1933. Its choice of poet—Heinrich Heine—–is unusual in the context of the literary trends and political attitudes in Germany at the contemporaneous moments. “Frühlingsfeier” resembles Strauss's opera Salome in subject matter: female grief for a beautiful man. The corybantic musical style of Strauss's setting is emphasized in its orchestral version, which was intended for the soprano Viorica Ursuleac, who recorded it in 1936.

Strauss's stature as a Lieder composer—despite the popularity of many of his songs—has often been queried. However, what seems on the surface to be a continuation of the late-Romantic tradition is subtly inflected by his poetic decisions and by musical renderings that need to be understood as part of a flexible continuum between versions of the song. Past and present are of less concern than being able to move fluidly between past, present, and future. Such movement opens up the possibility of a less rigid interpretation of Strauss's historical standing that allows his songs to be considered as other than simply regressive.
Engineering bacterial thiosulfate and tetrathionate sensors for detecting gut inflammation
Authors: Daeffler Kristina N‐M , Galley Jeffrey D , Sheth Ravi U , Ortiz‐Velez Laura C , Bibb Christopher O , Shroyer Noah F , Britton Robert A , Tabor Jeffrey J
Published: April 2017

There is a groundswell of interest in using genetically engineered sensor bacteria to study gut microbiota pathways, and diagnose or treat associated diseases. Here, we computationally identify the first biological thiosulfate sensor and an improved tetrathionate sensor, both two‐component systems from marine Shewanella species, and validate them in laboratory Escherichia coli. Then, we port these sensors into a gut‐adapted probiotic E. coli strain, and develop a method based upon oral gavage and flow cytometry of colon and fecal samples to demonstrate that colon inflammation (colitis) activates the thiosulfate sensor in mice harboring native gut microbiota. Our thiosulfate sensor may have applications in bacterial diagnostics or therapeutics. Finally, our approach can be replicated for a wide range of bacterial sensors and should thus enable a new class of minimally invasive studies of gut microbiota pathways.
Lipid metabolism and its implications for type 1 diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ritchie Rebecca H , Zerenturk Eser J , Prakoso Darnel , Calkin Anna C
Published: April 2017

Diabetic cardiomyopathy was first defined over four decades ago. It was observed in small post-mortem studies of diabetic patients who suffered from concomitant heart failure despite the absence of hypertension, coronary disease or other likely causal factors, as well as in large population studies such as the Framingham Heart Study. Subsequent studies continue to demonstrate an increased incidence of heart failure in the setting of diabetes independent of established risk factors, suggesting direct effects of diabetes on the myocardium. Impairments in glucose metabolism and handling receive the majority of the blame. The role of concomitant impairments in lipid handling, particularly at the level of the myocardium, has however received much less attention. Cardiac lipid accumulation commonly occurs in the setting of type 2 diabetes and has been suggested to play a direct causal role in the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure in a process termed as cardiac lipotoxicity. Excess lipids promote numerous pathological processes linked to the development of cardiomyopathy, including mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Although somewhat underappreciated, cardiac lipotoxicity also occurs in the setting of type 1 diabetes. This phenomenon is, however, largely understudied in comparison to hyperglycaemia, which has been widely studied in this context. The current review addresses the changes in lipid metabolism occurring in the type 1 diabetic heart and how they are implicated in disease progression. Furthermore, the pathological pathways linked to cardiac lipotoxicity are discussed. Finally, we consider novel approaches for modulating lipid metabolism as a cardioprotective mechanism against cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Charles Fourier, os falanstérios e a crítica à civilização industrial
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: April 2017

Este artigo busca examinar as idéias de Charles Fourier, escritor do século XIX habitualmente considerado como um “socialista utópico”. Uma introdução ao Socialismo Utópico no século XIX, incluindo comentários sobre outros socialistas utópicos como Saint-Simon e Robert Owen, prepara uma análise mais específica dos principais aspectos apresentados por Charles Fourier em seu Falanstério. Também são examinados aspectos relacionados à crítica social dirigida por Charles Fourier contra a sociedade industrial de sua época. Por fim, são referidas também algumas experiências concretas que se desdobraram do modelo utópico proposto por Fourier. This article attempts to examine the ideas of Charles Fourier, writer of the nineteen century habitually considered as a “utopian socialist”. An introduction of the Utopian Socialism in the nineteenth century, including commentaries about other utopian socialists as Saint-Simon and Robert Owen, prepares more specific analyses of some the principal aspects presented by Fourier in his falanstério. They are also examined aspects related to the social critic directed by Charles Fourier against the Industrial Society of his time. Finally, we refer to some concrete experiences inspired in the utopic patter proposed by Fourier.
Las elecciones uruguayas de 2014: Tabaré y el Frente Amplio otra vez
Authors: Bohigues Asbel
Published: April 2017

En octubre de 2014 se celebraron las elecciones nacionales en Uruguay, resultando vencedor el expresidente Tabaré Vázquez y revalidándose la mayoría parlamentaria del Frente Amplio. Los resultados electorales fueron similares a los de 2009, confirmando el apoyo popular del Frente Amplio, en la presidencia desde 2005. En este trabajo se analizan los resultados en las elecciones legislativas y presidenciales de Uruguay en 2014, situándolos en la evolución del sistema de partidos uruguayo de las últimas décadas, a la vez que se atiende a la distribución territorial del voto, y el contexto político y socioeconómico previo a las elecciones. Igualmente se apunta a las principales claves para entender la tercera victoria consecutiva del Frente así como las implicaciones de dichos resultados a futuro tanto para el presidente Tabaré Vázquez como para el partido. Estas elecciones confirman el predominio del Frente Amplio en Uruguay, frente a los dos partidos tradicionales históricos, el Nacional y el Colorado, que llevan ya más de 10 años en la oposición, así como la división territorial del país: el interior apoya sobre todo a los partidos tradicionales, de centro-derecha, y la zona urbana, especialmente Montevideo, a la izquierda. In October 2014 the national elections in Uruguay took place, the expresident Tabaré Vázquez won and the Broad Front got again the parliamentary majority. The electoral results were quite similar to 2009, confirming the Broad Front’s popular support, with the presidency since 2005. This paper aims to analyse the results in both presidential and legislative elections in Uruguay in 2014, contextualizing them in the Uruguayan party system evolution in recent decades, also focusing on the territorial distribution of the vote, and the prior political and socioeconomic context to the elections. Likewise, the main key factors to explain the third consecutive victory of the Front are highlighted, as well as what these results involve for the future, both for president Tabaré Vázquez and for the party. This election confirms the predominance of the Broad Front in Uruguay, in opposition to the two historical traditional parties, National and Coloured, which have been in the opposition for more than 10 years, as well as the territorial division of the country: inland supports center-right traditional parties, and the urban zone, Montevideo specially, the left.
O impacto da crise económica e financeira nas principais medidas de proteção social en Portugal
Authors: Lousada Preciosa Maria Taveira
Published: April 2017

Através da análise comparativa dos diplomas legais publicados e informação estatística disponibilizada pelo Instituto de Segurança Social, IP, propomos avaliar o impacto da crise económica e financeira de 2007/2008 nas principais medidas de proteção social vigentes em Portugal, nomeadamente o complemento solidário para idosos, subsídio de desemprego e de doença, abono de família para crianças e jovens, pensão de invalidez e velhice e, por último, o rendimento social de inserção. Na generalidade, todas as prestações sociais avaliadas foram perpassadas por alterações legislativas onerosas, expressas na redução dos montantes atribuídos, na supressão de benefícios, no período de concessão das mesmas e, naturalmente, no decréscimo de beneficiários, constituindo exceção a este último indicador (diminuição do número de beneficiários) o subsídio de desemprego e a pensão de velhice, circunstâncias suportadas nas consequências da crise e evolução desfavorável da demografia, respetivamente. Perante as evidencias encontradas, facilmente se pode concluir que a tendência para a implementação de políticas neoliberais de austeridade abalou os pilares do Estado de Bem-estar, ainda em construção, com repercussões diretas na vida de muitos cidadãos, sobretudo os mais vulneráveis. Through the comparative analysis of the published legal diplomas and static information available by the social security Institute IP, we aim to evaluate the impact of the financial and economic crisis of 2007/2008 in the main measures of social protection valid in Portugal, namely the solidarity complement for aged persons, unemployed and illness subsidy, family allowance for children and young, pension of invalidity and old age pension, and at last the social insertion income. In the generality, every available, social contributions have been passed by onerous legislative alterations, expressed in the reduction of the amounts attributed in the suppression of benefits, in the period of the concession of the same and of course in the decrease of benefits, in the period of concession of the same and obviously in the decrease of beneficiaries, being an exception to the last indicator (diminution of the number of beneficiaries) the unemployment subsidy and the old age pension, supported circumstances in the consequences of the crisis, and the adverse evolution of demography, respectively. Towards the found evidences, we can easily conclude that the tendency for the implementation of neoliberal politics of austerity, affected the pillars of the welfare State, still in construction, with direct consequences in the life of many citizens, above all, the more vulnerable.
EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO, TRANSICIÓN POLÍTICA Y JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL
Authors: Torres Ávila Jheison
Published: April 2017

El artículo realiza una revisión de las relaciones entre constitucionalismo, transición política y justicia transicional. Pretende explorar las posibilidades que tiene la Constitución de Colombia en el marco de una transición política, impulsada desde los acuerdos de paz con las Farc y otros posibles actores armados. Para ello se efectúa una caracterización de la transición política como concepto y de sus características particulares frente al proceso colombiano. Esta reflexión se reconduce frente al esquema constitucional actual, y se establecen sus posibilidades dentro de los marcos de negociación como elemento favorecedor del proceso de paz.
A nyelőcső óriás inflammatorikus fibroid polipja
Authors: Vincze Balázs , Mezei Péter , Hanyik János , Almássy Sándor , Gyáni Károly , Szűcs Géza , Tóth Imre
Published: April 2017

Absztrakt

Az inflammatorikus fibroid polipok (IFP) a gastrointestinalis rendszer ritka,
jóindulatú tumorai. Nyelőcsőben való előfordulásuk nagyon ritka, az óriási
méretűeké még ritkább. Egy 63 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél a nyelőcső
alsó harmadából kiinduló proximálisan a légcsőoszlásig, distalisan a
gyomorszájon át a mellkasba herniálódott, illetve rekesz alatti gyomorrészbe
érő, prolabálódó 13 × 7 × 4,5 cm-es polipot távolítottunk el
oesophagogastrotomia során. A szövettan inflammatorikus fibroid polipot igazolt.
Az eset kapcsán rövid irodalmi áttekintést nyújtunk az IFP klinikumáról.
Rectum daganatos betegek kezelésének eredményei egy városi kórházban
Authors: Banai Zoltán , Lestár Béla , Berczi Lajos , Földi József , Harkai Zsigmond , Karácsony Tibor
Published: April 2017

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: Osztályunkon 2007. január 1. és 2014. december 31.
között 203 végbéldaganatos betegen végeztünk reszekciós műtétet. Betegek
és módszerek: A vizsgálatba azokat az elektíven operált betegeket
vontuk be, akiknek daganata az anusnyílástól 16 cm-re, illetve az alatt
helyezkedett el. Összesen 73 beteg kapott műtét előtti onkológiai kezelést, míg
130 beteg primer műtéti ellátásban részesült. Neoadjuváns radiokemoterápia
történt 69 betegnél, míg négy beteg csak kemoterápiát kapott. A műtéti
preparátumok szövettani feldolgozása során a Dworak, illetve a Rödel szerinti
regressziós gradus alapján értékeltük a regresszió mértékét.
Eredmények: 45 betegnél találtunk kifejezett szövettani
regressziót, közülük három betegnél észleltünk teljes szövettani regressziót. A
2007–2009. december 31-ig operált betegek között megnéztük az ötéves túlélési
arányt a műtét előtti kezelésben részesült, illetve azt nem kapott betegek
között. Érdemi eltérést a túlélési adatokban nem találtunk, azonban az
megfigyelhető volt, hogy a neoadjuváns kezelésre jól reagáló betegeknél
jelentősen nőtt az ötéves túlélés is. A neoadjuváns radiokemoterápiát kapott
betegeknél a lokális recidíva aránya jelentősen kisebb volt, mint a primer
műtétes csoportban. Áttekintettük, hogy a műtét utáni sebészi szövődmények
összefüggésbe hozhatók-e az előzetes onkológiai kezeléssel.
Occurrence of Tachymenis chilensis chilensis (Schlegel, 1837) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae) and other herpetological fauna from Epu Lauquen Natural Protected Area, Neuquén, Argentina
Authors: Nenda Santiago J. , Blotto Boris L. , Pereyra Martín O. , Pinheiro Paulo D.  P. , Giraudo Alejandro R.
Published: April 2017

We report a new specimen of Tachymenis chilensis chilensis from Epu Lauquen Natural Reserve, Neuquén, Argentina. This specimen represents the northernmost voucher of T. c. chilensis in Argentina and confirms the presence of the subspecies occupying moist habitats remnants in dry areas of northern Neuquén province. Moreover, this record corresponds to the northernmost population of T. c. chilensis in a protected area in Argentina. We also found two sympatric anurans, Rhinella spinulosa and Pleurodema thaul. Both anurans also represent the first record of amphibians at Epu Lauquen Natural Reserve.
Pteridophytic diversity in human-inhabited buffer zone of Murlen National Park, Mizoram, India
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Kholia Bhupendra S. , Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Amit
Published: April 2017

A taxonomic inventorization of pteridophytes occurring in a human inhabited buffer zone of Murlen National Park, India, was conducted in 2012 and 2013. This survey revealed 35 species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families. Polypodiaceae was recorded as dominant family, represented by six genera and eight species, followed by Pteridaceae (three genera and six species) and Lycopodiaceae (three genera and four species). Of the recorded species, 23 species were terrestrial, 11 (epiphytic) and two (lithophytic) in their habit forms. The species richness was highest in Tualpui village, with 11 species, followed by Rabung (7) and Ngur (6). The site preference of species among the villages is discussed. These data will provide baseline for future research and monitoring of pteridophytic vegetation in this protected area, as well as in similar habitats in the adjacent areas.
First confirmed record of Atractus maculatus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Abegg Arthur Diesel , Freitas Marco Antonio de , Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de
Published: April 2017

Atractus maculatus, classified as Data Deficient by the Brazil’s Ministério do Meio Ambiente, is recorded from a sixth known locality. The specimen was collected in the municipality of Paudalho, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. This is the first confirmed record of A. maculatus from this state and extends this species’ distribution by 153 km northeast of previously known occurrences. A map shows the occurrences throughout the whole range of this species.
EVALUASI KESIAPAN KOTA AMBON DALAM MENDUKUNG MALUKU SEBAGAI LUMBUNG IKAN NASIONAL
Authors: Hikmayani Yayan , Suryawati Siti Hajar
Published: April 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana tingkat kesiapan Kota Ambon untuk mendukung pelaksanaan Maluku sebagai Lumbung Ikan Nasional (M-LIN) yang dianalisis dengan metode RAPFISH yang dimodifikasi menggunakan Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS).   Metode penelitian digunakan yaitu metode survey.  Data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder.  Pengambilan data primer dilakukan terhadap responden melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner.  Data sekunder berupa laporan diperoleh dari berbagai instansi pemerintah dan perguruan tinggi.  Responden terdiri dari pelaku usaha, Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku (Badan Perencana Daerah, Dinas Kelautan Perikanan), Pemerintah Kota (Badan Perencana Daerah, Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan).  Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara umum Kota Ambon masuk kategori siap sebagai daerah pendukung M-LIN dimana dari 6 dimensi hanya dimensi ekologi dan kelembagaan dan kebijakan yang masuk kategori cukup siap. Untuk meningkatkan kesiapan di Kota Ambon maka dimensi kelembagaan dan kebijakan menjadi dimensi yang paling utama untuk diperhatikan agar jelas mengenai keberlanjutan program M-LIN ini selanjutnya.   Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan berimplikasi pada peningkatan sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi seluruh pelaku dan pemangku kepentingan  dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan yang terkait dengan program Maluku sebagai Lumbung Ikan Nasional.  Selain itu juga perlu menyiapkan kebijakan berupa peraturan baik peraturan presiden (Perpres) maupun Keputusan Menteri (Kepmen) KP yang mendukung pelaksanaan program.  Title: Evaluation of Readiness To Support The City Ambon Maluku As “Lumbung Ikan Nasional”This paper was aimed to evaluate the readiness level of Ambon city serving as buffer for Maluku sebagai Lumbung Ikan Nasional (M-LIN) which analyzed with modified RAPFISH method using Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS). The study uses survei as the data collection method. This study used primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews using a set of questionnaires. Examples of secondary data were report or study reports from universities and local governement offices. The respondents are fishery business entities, provincial and district  fishery offices, provincial planning office. This study finds that in general City Ambon is ready as support system for M-LIN. However, only two out of six categories of readiness are in good condition for readiness. The ready indicators  are the governance and policies put in place in Ambon. These two indicators serve as key aspect insuring the sustainability of M-LIN program.
KONDISI BIOLIMNOLOGI SUMBER DAYA PERAIRAN KOLONG BEKAS GALIAN PASIR DI JAWA BARAT DAN KESESUAIANNYA BAGI BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN
Authors: Krismono Adriani Sri Nastiti , Nuroniah Siti , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: April 2017

Badan air yang terbentuk akibat penambangan pasir banyak terdapat di Bekasi danTangerang, Jawa Barat. Sampai saat ini perairan tersebut belum dimanfaatkan untuk usaha perikanan. Salah satu informasi penting yang diperlukan dalam rangla pemanfaatan badan air tersebut untuk usaha perikanan adalah kondisi biolimnologinya.
LOKASI-LOKASI POTENSIAL BAGI PANTI BENIH TERAPUNG IKAN KARANG DI SELATAN P. BINTAN DAN KARIMUN JAWA
Authors: Ismail Wardana , Wardoyo Supriyono Eko , Priono Bambang
Published: April 2017

Survai lokasi bagi penempatan Panti Benih Terapung ikan karang telah dilakukan di perairan Selatan P. Bintan Karimun Jawa, pada periode Mei-Juli 1996. Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar parameter yang telah ditentukan baik teknis maupun nonteknis, meliputi kualitas air, kesuburan air, ekosistem, ketersediaan induk dan kemudahan mencapai lokasi, bahan KJA, tenaga kerja, keamanan, sarana masyarakat, pasar.
PENGARUH STERILISASI DAN PENYIMPANAN SUHU RENDAH TERHADAP MUTU PINDANG BANDENG PRESTO
Authors: Saleh Mohammad , Iswahyuningsih Dwi Artini , Indriati Ninoek , Heruwati Endang Sri
Published: April 2017

Penelitian mengenai sterilisasi dan penyirnpanan bandeng presto pada suhu rendah untuk mernpertahankan mutu produk telah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, ikan dipindang pada 121'C selama 45 menit. diikuti dengan pengemasan hampa udara dalam kantong HDPE, kemudian dibasi menjadi empat kelompok.
DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT VIRAL PADA UDANG WINDU, Penaeus ntonodon SECARA HISTOPATOLOGIS DAN ANTIBODI POLIKLONAL DENGAN METODE ELISA
Authors: Madeali Mun Imah , Tompo Arifuddin , Muliani Muliani
Published: April 2017

Udang yang dikoleksi dari beberapa lokasi tambak di Sulawesi Selatan digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit viral yang menyebabkan kegagalan panen pada bulan Juni-Agustus 1997. Diagnosis secara histopatologis dilakukan dengan fiksasi sampel dalam larutan Davidson's dan diproses secara rutin melalui dehidrasi bertingkat pada ethanol, kemudian diwarnai dengan pewarnaan Ilentatoxilin dan Eosin serta diamati di bawah mikroskop.
POTENSI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN PERAIRAN UMUM SEKITAR LAHAN PERSAWAHAN PASANG SURUT SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Sarnita Achmad S
Published: April 2017

Pengelolaan perikanan rawa banjiran (flood plains) di Indonesia masih belum banyak dilakukan, padahal luas lahan rawa banjiran cukup besar
ĐẶC TRƯNG VÀ BIẾN ĐỘNG NGUỒN LỢI ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY THỦY VỰC NHA PHU, TỈNH KHÁNH HÒA
Authors: Ngai Phan Duc , Tuan Vo Si , Long Nguyen Van , Tuyen Hua Thai
Published: April 2017

Đặc trưng và biến động nguồn lợi động vật đáy thủy vực Nha Phu được xác định thông qua việc tổng hợp các tư liệu nghiên cứu trước đây và qua 2 chuyến điều tra khảo sát vào  năm 2012 và 2015. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được thành phần các đối tượng nguồn lợi khai thác tự nhiên, bao gồm  thân mềm (15 loài) cao gấp 1,5 lần giáp xác nhưng sản lượng giáp xác luôn chiếm ưu thế (chiếm từ 68 - 100% tổng sản lượng động vật đáy tùy theo thời gian). Trong đó Portunus pelagicus (Ghẹ Xanh) (chiếm từ 53 - 74% tổng sản lượng giáp xác) và nguồn giống Tôm Hùm (Panulirus spp.) chiếm ưu thế trong các loại nguồn giống. Đa số nguồn lợi động vật đáy thuộc nhóm sống trên mặt đáy, sinh sống ở vùng dưới triều, đáy cát. Sản lượng nguồn lợi động vật đáy có chiều hướng suy giảm nghiêm trọng. Nguyên nhân có thể do suy giảm diện tích rừng ngập mặn, sự gia tăng phương tiện và ngư cụ khai thác mang tính hủy diệt và tận thu như xiết điện và lưới lồng.
Learning Analytics in Medical Education
Authors: Goh Poh Sun
Published: April 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. The purpose of this article is to propose a framework to think about the use of learning analytics in medical education. This MedEdPublish article is presented in three sections - 1) a single topic summary illustration; 2) a short "elevator pitch"; and 3) a more "traditional" article format piece (in four main parts). It is hoped that this presentation format will give readers the option to review this topic either visually', to review the "essence" of the topic in the form of a brief "corridor chat" or "elevator pitch", or a more expansive quasi-traditional article (with four main complementary section-parts which deliberately have overlapping content; with the intention to stimulate thinking on this topic, and provoke-form the starting point for further discussion, on the MedEdPublish platform).
The Household Expenditure Response to a Consumption Tax Rate Increase
Authors: Cashin David
Published: April 2017

This study measures the effect of an increase in Japan's Value Added Tax rate on the timing of household expenditures and consumption, which do not necessarily coincide. The analysis finds that durable and storable expenditures surged in the month prior to the tax rate increase, fell sharply upon implementation, but quickly returned to their previous long-run levels. Non-storable non-durable expenditures increased slightly in the month prior to the tax rate increase, but were otherwise unresponsive. A dynamic structural model of household consumption reveals that the observed expenditure responses were driven by stockpiling behavior, the insensitivity of durable and non-durable consumption to a change in the real interest rate, and strong complementarities between durables and non-durables. The results suggest that salient intertemporal price variation may have a large, though highly transitory impact on household expenditures.
EST for EMI: A Problem-Based Learning Approach to Domain-Specific Fluency
Authors: Hannigan Sharon
Published: April 2017

An English for Science and Technology (EST) course is offered as a potential bridge to English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in the sciences. Consisting of four modules, each organized around a “big problem” in science or technology, the course challenges students to collectively arrive at solutions through critical and creative thinking that ultimately finds expression in three modalities: verbal (e.g., expert panel discussions, debates) graphic (e.g., problem statements, action plans), and visual-spatial (e.g., graphs, models). It is suggested that Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approaches to language learning – especially ones propelled by critical thinking frameworks (e.g., SPRE) – not only ease the transition to science courses where English is the medium of instruction but promote the acquisition of general competencies thought vital to 21st century success.