bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Model Test System for Grouting Simulation in Flowing Water and Study of the Diffusion Form of Anti-Dispersion Grout
Authors: Xu Yao , Li Shu Cai , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2011

In order to simulate the diffusion form of anti-dispersion grout, the first visual large-proportion plane fissure test system for the physical model of fracture-grouting in flowing water is developed in China. The plane fissure test system is made up of plane fissure test-bed, monitoring system, water supply and drainage system, grouting system, control system and data acquisition system. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for pressure, velocity and temperature monitoring are employed because of its small size and high sensitivity. The U-shaped diffusion form of anti-dispersion grout is found by the plane fissure grouting test in the flowing water.
Risk Analysis during Departure and Reception of Shield in the Yellow River Crossing Tunnel of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion
Authors: Dun Zhi Lin , Cao Yang , Ren Lian Wei
Published: September 2011

In the Yellow River crossing tunnel of the middle route project of South-to-North water diversion, its geological conditions are very complicated, so potential risks are much likely to occur in the construction. Based on the fault tree analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is also used for the quantitative analysis on the risks during the departure and reception phase of the tunnel construction. And it turns out that, there are risks of collapse of working well, leakage and plasma leakage, mechanical equipment failure and large deviation from the designed axis during the construction. Finally, the measures available of risk aversion are put forward, which have achieved good field applications and also provided some reference value for similar projects in the future construction.
Relation between Surrounding Rock Displacement and its Size of Shaft on its Self-Weight Body Force Condition
Authors: Deng Qing Hai , Xu Jia Mo , Ma Feng Shan , Yang Chun He
Published: September 2011

We derived the relation between surrounding rock displacement of shaft prototype and that of model on its body force condition of self-weight based on the similarity theory. According to the results of discussion of the equation, we derived dimensional expression of surrounding rock displacement of shaft. And we analyzed the relation between displacement and diameter(d) and cross-sectional depth(h) by numerical methods.
Comparison of Micro-Pressure Wave Radiated Out of Tunnel Exit between Slab Track and Ballast Track
Authors: Geng Feng , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2011

Based on the one-dimensional unsteady compressible non-isentropic flow theory, micro-pressure wave radiated out of tunnel exit generated by a high-speed train entering a tunnel was investigated. In calculation process, the track roadbed and tunnel length were considered. The results, which were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, show that the ballast track has reduction effect of micro-pressure wave in long tunnel.
Settlement and Deformation Laws of High Loess-Filled Embankment Based on Centrifugal Model Test
Authors: Zhang Wei Bing , Tang Lian
Published: September 2011

In view of the settlement problem of high loess-filled embankments themselves, with the reference of the 30m high embankment at K5 +536 of Lan Lin provincial expressway and by means of the centrifugal model test, the developing process of the settlement for embankment itself with time in different sections of embankment and the distribution laws of the settlement subjected from spatial effect in case of the different terrain conditions are studied. Compared with the actual measurement, the results show that: as far as the settlement of high-filled embankment itself is concerned, the settlement at the central part along the cross-section of embankment is larger than that at shoulder; When the stability of embankment is relatively poor because of the bigger slope ratio or faster speed of construction, the settlement at the shoulder caused by the lateral extrusion from the edge of embankment is larger; The settlement of embankment itself is approximately 0.5% -1% of the height of embankment, about 75% -85% of which occurred during the construction period and the remaining 15% -25% belongs to after construction. Furthermore, the 85% of the settlement belong to after construction will be completed within a year and about two years later the settlement tend to be stable; Owing to the affection of the spatial effect due to the valley terrain conditions, the settlement near the joint sites between the embankment and the gully is larger than that occurred in gentle slope and the central part of embankment. During the time of designing and construction for high-filled embankment, the location where the settlement influenced by the lateral extrusion and spatial effect should be paid attention to, so that, the security and stability of the embankment could be ensured.
An Element Splitting Algorithm for Crack Propagation
Authors: Su Zhao Bin , Cai Zong Xi , Kang Yi Lan
Published: September 2011

A new algorithm is presented for the finite element analysis of fracture mechanics. The algorithm allows crack propagation in any direction, and guarantees the crack path smoothly. This is achieved by tracking the path of the crack tip and by introducing a new remeshing method. Examples show that this algorithm is efficient for 2D problems.
Study on Surrounding Rock Deformation Discipline of Extra-Large Section Super-Shallow-Buried Tunnel
Authors: Huang Ming Li , Chen Ke Zhi , Tan Zhong Sheng , Zhang Jian Qiang
Published: September 2011

The type B section of Hongqihegou station is cross section and its excavation section area is about 730 m2. This section is located in rail transit line 3 at the center of Chongqing. For this reason, the heavy traffic, large amount buildings and pipelines surrounding, super-shallow-buried depth and small cross-cover ratio (only 0.4) become the determinant factor in tunnel construction. By using a new method—the up-down sidewall drift method combined with first-wall-and-then-arch method, the Hongqihegou station was successfully completed. Through the analysis of the monitoring measurement data, the discipline of surrounding rock deformation during construction is revealed.
Reinforcement with Rockbolts in Underground Powerhouse Excavation Using DDA Method
Authors: Yu Song , Zhu Wei Shen , Zhang Dun Fu
Published: September 2011

Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method is used to analyze the stability, deformation and splitting failure of underground powerhouse excavation process with different lateral initial stress levels. Coefficient of lateral initial stress, reinforcement effect and joint structure pattern affecting on the surrounding rock are studied. The criterion for splitting failure in surrounding of underground is implemented to predict the depth of fracture area. It is shown that reinforcement with rockbolts will bring effects on rock surroundings in controlling deformation, stress distribution and stability.
The Solution of Non-Axisymmetric Problems in Transversely Isotropic Elastic Subgrade with Laplace Transform
Authors: Wang You Kai , Wang En
Published: September 2011

Based on the essential equations of transversely isotropic Mechanics in rectangular coordinates, the elastic controlling equations of transversely isotropic problems is transformed into a linear Constant coefficient homogeneous state equation by using double-Laplace transform and its differential properties. Then a general method is given for transversely isotropic elastic subgrade under arbitrary loading by means of the theory of the state space. The results of this paper are close to the calculation results of the finite element method and Bossinesq, as it showing this method is feasible. This paper gives a new method for transversely isotropic elastic subgrade.
Model Test Study on Influences of Layered Rock Mass Dip Angle on Stability of Deep-Buried Tunnel
Authors: Xia Bin Wei , Hu Ke , Lu Yi Yu , Li Dan , Zhou Zu Yong
Published: September 2011

Physical models of layered rock mass with different dip angles are built by physical model test in accordance with the bias failure characteristics of surrounding rocks of layered rock mass in Gonghe Tunnel. Bias failure characteristics of surrounding rocks in thin-layered rock mass and influences of layered rock mass dip angle on stability of tunnel are studied. The research results show that failure characteristics of physical models generally coincide with those of surrounding rocks monitored from the tunnel site. The failure regions of surrounding rock perpendicular to the stratification planes are obviously larger than those parallel to. The stress distributions and failure characteristics in the surrounding rocks are similar to each physical model of different dip angles. The stress distributions and failure regions are all elliptic in shape, in which the major axis is in the direction perpendicular to the stratification planes while the minor axis is parallel to them. As a result, obvious bias failure of surrounding rocks has gradually formed. The physical model tests provide reliable basis for theoretical analysis on the failure mechanism of deep-buried layered rock mass.
The Solution on Problem of Soft Soil Layer’s Collapse in Xin Kailing Tunnel and Evaluations on its Effect
Authors: Liu Yan Ning , Lu Jun Fu
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the solution on the soft soil layer’s collapse of Xin Kailing Tunnel in China based on the analysis on its causes. The effect of the solution is evaluated by site survey and finite element analysis. The results show that the geological factor mainly leads to collapse; the crucial factor of preventing the collapse from happening is to give a better description of the tunnel face, to analyze and predict conditions of wall rocks which are in front of the tunnel face in time and to evaluate precisely whether the wall rocks and supporting system are strong enough or not; effective ways to solve the collapse problem is to strengthen supporting system of the being influenced parts in the tunnel, to seal wall rocks in collapsed possibly part as well as to add supporting system in time; the minimum safety factor of the solution in this project is about 3.1 which meets official standards of the tunnel construction; the solutions on the soft soil layer’s collapse of Xin Kailing Tunnel is effective, safe and reliable.
Analysis for Temperature Field and Stress of Concrete Volute Structure
Authors: Sun Xiao Bing , Peng Xue Ping
Published: September 2011

Study on temperature field and thermal stresses of a large volume concrete volute structure is important to prevent the concrete structure cracking caused by excessively tensile strains that result from the cold or heat waves and the internal water pressure. By use of the three dimensional finite element method, the displacements and stresses of a concrete volute under the external loads are calculated. The transient temperature field and the thermal stress distribution of the concrete volute caused by the cold or heat waves are obtained, and the thermo-structural coupling stress field analyses for some cases are completed detailly. The calculating results are the basis for the optimization design of the concrete volute structure.
The Effect of Netting Dissipaters on Increasing the Efficiency of Energy Dissipation in Vertical Drops
Authors: Bakhshian Elham , Kabiri-Samani Abdorreza
Published: September 2011

Abrupt changes of the channel bed elevation in hydraulic systems, e.g. in chutes, drops and steeped spillways, results to create a sever flow kinematic energy. This excess energy, can tend to different phenomena, such as tremendous forces, scouring and degrading the channel bed, resulting to destruction of the downstream hydraulic structures. The most important source to cause this phenomena is the the existence of sequent vertical drops along the the channel. In this study, the energy dissipation efficiency was increased by installing a new type of dissipaters namely netting dissipater on the crest of the vertical drops based on model experimtation. Also, the features of hydraulic jump, created in the stilling basin, were compared to those of a simple vertical drop. By assembling the above mentioned structure to the top of the stilling basin, the jet flow direction is changed, the degree of turbulence is increased and as the results, the kinematic energy loss increases and the length of the hydraulic jump decreses. The enhanced efficiency of the proposed structure was quantified based on the achieved experimental data.
Determining Relationship between Physical Health Care Settings and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmad Shakri Md Rajuna Bin , Zakaria Rozana Binti , Abd Samad Badrul Hisham Bin
Published: September 2011

Healthy indoor air environment quality is needed for healthy building hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a microbial infectious agent which causes tuberculosis (TB) disease in human. Hence, health care workers (HCWs) are belonged to a highly potential risk group to be infected by MTB. This research aims to investigate the source and factor(s) of TB transmission in sustainable indoor air environment at the Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru (HSAJB), Malaysia. The view taken in this paper is that the transmission dynamic of MTB from an active pulmonary TB (PTB) patient to another person via indoor air environment in the health care setting is generated as a result of an interaction between architect, building planner and owner, design and facility engineer, construction engineer, occupational health and safety professionals, hospital and HCWs, epidemiologist and public health officer. The findings were obtained by combining questionnaire and interview approaches using five ordinal measures of agreement using Likert Scale measurement. Analysis of qualitative data found that the source of MTB transmission was coming from active PTB patients especially those with sputum smear positive (SS+). The studied ambient parameters and factors affecting indoor air environment sustainability were thermal comfort, humidity, air pressure, temperature, duration exposure, area and volume, direction of air flow, lighting, air circulation exchange and MTB density in the air.
Study on Effects of Softrock-Contained Rockfill for Stress and Deformation of High Core Rockfill Dam
Authors: Zhang Hong Hai , Yuan You Ren
Published: September 2011

Taking the rockfill dam of Nuozhadu as a example. Through the experiment on excavated softrock-contained rochfill with different deterioration degree, obtained related computational parameters. Useing Pseudo Load Method, compute and analyse effects of softrock-contained rockfill for stress and deformation of high core rockfill dam. Conclude that weathered soft rocks cause mechanical properties deterioration of rockfill, but only increase stress level of corewall upstream face, and destruction zone don't occur. It is feasible that softrock-contained rockfill are utilized in the secondary rockfill zone of high core rockfill dam.
Nonlinear Simulation of Interaction between Water and Free Floating Ship
Authors: Ma Hong Wei , Wang Ji Wei , Xu Ji Xiang
Published: September 2011

Based on fluid-solid two-phase coupling numerical model, this paper utilized velocity potential function theory to investigate the nonlinear interaction of water and free floating body. Meanwhile, multi-time step integral method and Overall numerical solution method, which are suitable for finite element dynamic analysis, and free surface boundary condition, not moving boundary conditions and the water-solid coupling boundary conditions are adopted to analyze the dynamic responses of water and free floating body with different dimensions. Numerical results show that the change of floating body sizes can obviously affect the dynamic characteristics of the fluid-solid coupling system, especially in the aspects of the stress responses of the floating body and the pressure responses of the water model.
Study on the Beach Protection with the Tetrahedron Like Penetrating Frame Groups
Authors: Yu Tao , Wang Ping Yi , Liu Qian Ying , Zheng Jing Tao
Published: September 2011

The triangular taper penetrating frame is always used at the flood and bank protection. It is given that the tendency of longitudinal and lateral water surface profile and change of velocity near the triangular taper penetrating frame by the flume generalized model experiment and compared with the flow structure near the triangular taper penetrating frame with beach protection construction or not. It points out the triangular taper penetrating frame can protect the beach better.
Water Environmental Carrying Capacity Calculation and Protection Measures on Hefang Reservoir
Authors: Gao Gui Qing
Published: September 2011

According to the investigation and supervision on current water quality in Hefang Reservoir, the single factor and eutrophication evaluation on the current water environment is given. Total phosphorus (TP) in most water areas is above the Ⅲ grade, total nitrogen (TN) is betweenⅡ~Ⅲ grade, and the TP is obviously beyond the standard, keeping at the stage of change from mesotrophic to eutrophication. By calculating the COD, TP and TN water environment capacity, the employed environment capacity of TP has already exceeded the carrying capacity of the reservoir. At last, the protecting measures of the water resources in reservoir are put forward, including engineering measures (such as the rural sewage interception project, vegetation renovation project and aquaculture control) and non-engineering measures.
Nonlinear Finite Elements Analysis on Structure of Pumping Station in the Joint Hub of Sluice and Pumping Station
Authors: Cao Qiu Lin , Meng Yikai , Chen Lei
Published: September 2011

Aiming at the pivotal project is decorated jointly by sluice and pumping station, thus the relationship between each other is more complex. By using 3-D finite element software ABAQUS, the structure of pumping station was studied. Two methods were used when modeling and analyzing. For the method 1, only the model of pumping station was built and the check sluice was taken as a side load when calculating. For the method 2, the whole model of the joint hub of sluice and pumping station was built. The displacements and strength of the structure of pumping station can meet the requirements according to the calculated results. There is little difference between the calculated results of the two kinds of methods by comparison, but for the method 1, the calculations about displacements are all unsafe and it should be given enough attention, thereby the reliability and security of the design of similar projects will be guaranteed.
Flow Characteristics on the Chute with a Concave Surface Influenced by the Air Intake of the Aerator
Authors: Xu Yi Min , Yang Hong Xuan , Zhao Wei , Shen Chun Ying
Published: September 2011

The flow characteristics of an aerator inserted on the chute with a concave surface is more complex than that of on the straight chute. The area of the air intake of the aerator is a very important factor which influences the cavity size of jet flow after the aerator, the air pressure in the cavity and air concentrations in high-speed flows along the chute. The present project focused on the air intake of an aerator inserted on a model chute with a concave surface. How the area of the air intake of the aerator and the radius of chute arc affect flow characteristics are investigated. The air pressure in the cavity was indirectly derived from the jet trajectory equation. It is demonstrated that the cavity length increases with, and the air pressure in it decreases with the increasing of the air intake area at first, and then it remains unchangeable for a discharge even though the air intake area continues to increase.
Stability Analysis of the Abutment Slope in one Hydropower Station Based on Unloading Rock Mass Mechanics
Authors: Wang Le Hua , Li Jian Wu , Li Ying Xia , Wang Jia Cheng , Li Jian Rong , Zhu Min
Published: September 2011

After the excavation of abutment slope, the stress redistributed and the rock mass quality degradation damaged. According to fore-and-aft change of stresses for excavation, the authors divided excavation area and chose suitable mechanical parameters of rock mass for different excavation area. We used theory and methods of unloading rock mass mechanics and used elastic-plastic viscous damage mechanics model to give 2-D finite element analysis of stress and strain for typical profiles. And then we analyzed the changes of stress and deformation of the slope at nature and unloading conditions, analyzed deformation and stability at different reinforcement areas of the slope to choose reasonable reinforcement area. Strengthening plans of rock mass are analyzed and compared to choose reasonable reinforcement plan. The research results herein can offer beneficial reference for the design and the construction engineers.
Research on a Flood Impact Assessment of Dazhuangshang Bridge
Authors: Kang Ying Bin , Chen Gui Mei
Published: September 2011

Dazhuangshang Bridge is made a flood impact assessment from the hydrologic analysis, flood analysis, river potential analysis etc.. With the evaluation, it can be proved that the bridge construction has little effects on flood control of the channel and some rationalization proposals are proposed to resolve the potential problems.
Numerical Analysis of the Stress of Different Cave Development Pathes on Lock Head Floor
Authors: Zhao Li Ping , Xue Chu Bo , Cao Zhou Hong , Ji Qiang
Published: September 2011

Caves have great influences on the upper structure of shiplocks and this paper established a three-dimension numerical model cave foundation –lock head–backfill soil using finite element software ANSYS on the condition of cave at Jietan ship lock in LianJiang River Guangdong Province. The relationship between the different development paths of the cave and the stress on the floor is analyzed, and the results are of referential value for other ship lock construction in the LianJiang River and other similar projects.
Digital Image Processing Method Based Partial Differential Equation for Rock’s Microstructure
Authors: Yue Jun , Huang Pan , Cao Jin Feng , Feng Bao Cheng
Published: September 2011

A digital image processing method based on partial differential equation(PDE) for rock’s heterogeneity is introduced. The actual microstructures of the rock sample was obtained by multiphase level set method. The main components of granite, quartz, feldspar and biotite, can be easily identified. The numerical results show that the method has advantage of self-adaptation and is benefit for grid generation in the following mechanical properties analyzing with Abaqus.
Practical Calculation of Highway Foundation Settlement of the Yellow River Alluvial Plain
Authors: Yang Hong Xia , Zhao Zheng Rong
Published: September 2011

In order to solve the problem of great error in calculating the Yellow River alluvial plain highway’s foundation settlement with delamination summation-method and regulate formula method,we put forward the reason of calculating the final settlement by drilling standard penetration number.It is according to the principles of delamination summation-method and elastic theory method and it is combined with engineering prospecting tests results.Finally,we inference the empirical formula in calculating the final settlement by standard penetration number.The comparison of the calculation of the final settlement by drilling standard penetration number and the statistics by actual observation of jinan-heze expressway has proved the correctness of calculation formula.
Analysis of the Reinforcing Effect of Shiplocks in Karst Region Based on Monitoring and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zhao Li Ping , Jiang Ying , Wang Cheng , Cao Zhou Hong
Published: September 2011

Since 1990s, a large number of in-service structures of water transport engineering in China have been close to their lifespan. Therefore, reinforcing and renovating constructions will be a long-term colossal task. Taking appropriate methods and effective means to evaluate the effect of the construction is a technical engineering problem which needs to be urgently solved. Based on the consolidation grouting construction of in-service shiplocks on the Karst Foundation, this paper makes a proper appraisal on reinforced effect by using a method combining field monitoring and numerical simulation. The results show that the measure of consolidation grouting has made a positive effect on improving the structural strain of shiplocks, which is in the safe state after construction. This comprehensive analysis method of field monitoring and numerical simulation is an effective means to validate the reinforced effect of waterway engineering structure.
A Conceptual Model of Soil Moisture Movement in Seasonal Frozen Unsaturated Zone
Authors: Sun Si Miao , Dai Chang Lei , Liao Hou Chu , Xiao Di Fang
Published: September 2011

Conceptual model is considered as one of the crucial and essential methods for scientific research on cold region hydrology. However, graphical conceptual model that integrates with a variety of influencing factors and specializes in describing soil moisture dynamic in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone has never occurred in any related researches, due to which the study on mechanism of frozen soil moisture movement has been delayed in a certain degree. Firstly, three stages of freezing and thawing process are divided in this article to serve for the further study in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone, which respectively are: the Stage of Freezing (Instable Freezing Stage and Stable Freezing Stage), the Stage of Thawing (Instable Thawing Stage and Stable Thawing Stage) and the Stage of Freeze-free. Secondly, based on different stages above, three characteristics and the relationships are analyzed, which include freeze-thaw-action and groundwater table, freeze-thaw-action and groundwater storage, freeze-thaw-action and soil surface evaporation. Thirdly, referred to related theories (Frozen Soil Hydrology and Snow & Ice Hydrology) and the construction of watershed model in warm regions, a whole set of graphical conceptual model and corresponding symbolic model have been built with freezing and thawing process as x-axis (time coordinate) and both soil frozen depth and different parameters as double y-axis. The different parameters include groundwater depth, soil water moisture rate and soil surface evaporation intensity. The graphical and symbolic conceptual models comprehensively describe the entire process and the factors relationships of soil moisture movement in seasonal frozen unsaturated zone. These models are expected to provide scientific basis for practical work in cold areas, such as hydrologic and hydraulic calculation in cold seasons, assessment and utilization of frozen area water resources and agricultural irrigation in cold regions, and also to provide references to the development of mathematical or experimental models in related researching fields.
Effects of Sediment Dredging on Water Quality of Meiliang Lake
Authors: Chen Fu Long , Wang Jing
Published: September 2011

Meiliang Lake is located at north of Tai lake, it is one of the most important part of Tai Lake. Water quality of Meiliang Lake is being worse because the TP, TN and COD is released from the bottom sediment. So th goverment is decided to dredg the bottom sediment to improve the water quality. This paper used WASP5 numerical model to simulate the water quality of Meiliang Lake before and after the sediment dredging. The results show that sediment dredging is useful for improving the water quality of Meiliang Lake.
With FLAC3D Simulating Analysis the Rock Stability by Stretching Anchor Cables Reinforce on the Reservoir Dam Abutment
Authors: Dong Yu Hui , Xing Hua , Liu Jiang
Published: September 2011

By studying the geological structure and seepage character, in YanJin bridge reservoir region the harmful geological structure had been reinforced with anchor cable. To establish constitutive law and yield-dstroy critertion of anchorage zone, working state of anchor cable was simulated with FLAC software. With two states of no seepage and Stress-seepage coupling in the reservoir, the anchor cables and the state of the dam abutment rock was computed, but the mechanic character of the harmful geological structure and anchor cable was studied. The deformation stability was accurtely appraised in the high slope rock of dam abutment, by comparing with the state of unreinforce rock, analysing the loading effect of the structure face in anchor cables and the stability regular of slope rock . The computing results have the greater practical values for the reservoir work.
Finite Element-Based Parametric Investigations of the Stepped-Lap Repairs to Laminated Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Xu Jian Xin , Zhao Lu Chun , Li Ding He
Published: September 2011

A parametric finite element (FE) model was developed to allow a broad investigation into the influence of various parameters, such as load conditions, stacking sequence and the number of steps on the performance of the stepped-lap repairs in composite laminated cylindrical shells. And the peak stresses determined with respect to changes in stacking sequence and the number of steps. Furthermore, the adhesive stress distribution resulting from joining mismatched laminate cylindrical shells was investigated. The results of this investigation provide further insight into the stresses that develop in stepped repairs of composite structures under load. This insight may lead to improve design and analysis techniques of stepped repairs in composite structures.
Comparative Analysis of Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Optimal Reservoir Operation
Authors: Yun Ruan
Published: September 2011

Apart from traditional optimization techniques, modern heuristic optimization techniques, like genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) have been widely used to solve optimization problems. This paper deals with comparative analysis of GA and PSO and their applications in a reservoir operation problem. Extensive component analysis, parameter sensitivity analysis of GA and PSO show that both GA and PSO can be used for optimal reservoir operation, but they display different features. GA can obtain very high approximate global optimal solutions of the problem with a high stability and a high computing efficiency, but it can’t obtain the problem’s accurate global optimal solutions. For GA, population size and mutation rate are two main parameters affect its solution qualities. Comparative to GA, PSO can obtain the accurate global optimal solutions of the problem with a higher computing efficiency, but with a less stability. For PSO, population size and velocity parameter are two main parameters affect its solution qualities.
Improved NSGAII with a New Distribution and its Application in Multi-Objective Reservoir Operation
Authors: Yun Ruan , Yu Cui Song
Published: September 2011

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms II (NSGAII) has been widely used for multi- objective optimizations. To overcome its premature shortcoming, an improved NSGAII with a new distribution was proposed in this paper. Comparative to NSGAII, improved NSGAII uses an elitist control strategy to protect its lateral diversity among current non-dominated fronts. To implement elitist control strategy, a new distribution (called dogmatic distribution) was proposed. For ordinary multi-objective optimization problem (MOP), an ordinary exploration ability of improved NSGAII should be maintained by using a larger shape parameter r; while for larger-scale complex MOP, a larger exploration ability of improved NSGAII should be maintained by using a less shape parameter r. The application of improved NSGAII in multi-objective operation of Wohu reservoir shows that improved NSGAII has advantages over NSGAII to get better Pareto front especially for large-scale complex multi-objective reservoir operation problems.
Research on Fuzzy Evaluation for Port Security and Risk Based on AHP
Authors: Zhang Shu Kui , Lu Ziai
Published: September 2011

based on the situation of port security and risk at present, the analytic hierarchy process AHP was adopted in this article, thus an analysis model was established for the security and risk of port from view of the system engineering. In addition, subjection function of factors sets was determined based on fuzzy mathematics, then comparison matrix was also gained. Through fuzzy evaluation, complex evaluation point was obtained respectively for the security and risk of port. The result shows that this method is scientific and rational in port security and risk judgment, and it can offer a decision.
Experimental Investigation into Multistage versus Conventional Triaxial Compression Tests for a C-Phi Soil
Authors: Shahin Mohamed A. , Cargeeg Alice
Published: September 2011

The procedure for conventional triaxial compression (CTC) test requires three separate soil specimens to be examined to failure under different confining pressures so that Mohr-Coulomb (or stress path) failure envelope can be determined and soil shear strength parameters can be obtained. An alternative procedure is the multi-stage triaxial (MST) compression test, which requires only one soil specimen to be tested at three stages of shearing with different confining pressures. There are several advantages for using MST over CTC, which apart from fewer soil specimens, include less laboratory time consumption and reduced effects of heterogeneity among the specimens tested. However, it has been argued in the literature that the advantages of using MST may be compromised by its inability to obtain reliable soil behavior or accurate shear strength parameters. In this paper, the accuracy of MST compared to CTC is investigated for a c-phi soil, and a simple procedure that can be adopted to rectify the MST results is proposed.
Automatic Deformation Acquisition Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner
Authors: Zhou Bao Xing , Yue Jian Ping , Jia Ke Yong
Published: September 2011

Deformation monitoring is typically undertaken using spare, point-wise geodetic surveying techniques, such as total station or GPS. Deformation monitoring using terrestrial laser scanning is gaining considerable attention mainly due to the high spatial resolution of the acquired data. It can provide dense 3D information of the surface of an object. A disadvantage of the technique may be the difficulty to assess some fixed benchmarks on the surface of the deforming area, unless they are special targets that can be recognised by the accompanying software. To solve this problem, a new automatic deformation acquisition method based on nurbs surface was presented. The paper discusses methods of nurbs surface modelling implemented for deformation monitoring and approaches used to measure the deformation from surfaces. Finally, applications involving the use of laser scanning in bridge are presented.
Experiment Research on Seeking Multinomial Curved Surface Fitting Model of GPS Leveling
Authors: Zhao Ya Hong , Wang Jin Xing , Ren Lu Yang
Published: September 2011

In this paper, multinomial curved surface fitting method is used to analyze the feasibility of the GPS leveling height fitting and applicability of all kinds of models in depth. With project cases, according to the comparison and analysis based on fitting precision evaluation and the criterions of model optimization, the main applications and particular analysis methods of fitting model optimization is revealed, by which means the optimal model for the certain surveyed area is offered, conclusions of practical meaning are given, which could have positive influence on GPS practical industrialization.
The Application of Close-Range Digital Photogrammetry Based on the Neural Network in Crack-Monitoring
Authors: Li Ming Ming , Chen Jian Gong , Zhang Yong Xing
Published: September 2011

Based on the two-dimensional Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) principle of close-range digital photogrammetry and mathematical principle of the linear neuron, the equivalent relationship between linear neural network and the two-dimensional DLT of close-range digital photogrammetry is discussed. A neural network with 2 linear neurons, 6 input parameters and 2 output parameters is established to simulate the two-dimensional DLT. The network can be trained using a set of grid points in the control coordinate system with known world coordinates and pixel coordinates. The weights and biases of trained network contain camera interior and exterior parameters. A new digital photographic technique is put forward combined camera self-calibration based on neural network with non-linear pixel coordinates correction of lens distortion. The indoor survey test indicates that measurement is more accuracy. Meanwhile, the new technology is successfully used in crack monitor of a bridge pier.
Measurement Techniques of Precasting the No.4 Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge’s Segmental Girders by Short-Line
Authors: Liu Ling , Huang Teng , Chen Xi Feng
Published: September 2011

Based on the example of the No.4 Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the construction technics of precasting segmental girders by short-line is introduced. And the way of plant deformation monitoring as well as the establishment of horizontal and vertical construction control network in the precast plant are expatiated on. In addition, the measurement techniques during the installation of the fixed-mold, unfixed-mold, lineshape control techniques of the segmental girders, as well as the error correction theories during precasting process are discussed in particular. The short-line is successfully applied to the No.4 Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, which shows its practical value in precasting segmental concrete bridges.
Utilize Water Square to Transforming Rain Water Engineering in City
Authors: Wang Chong Hao , Shen Zhi He
Published: September 2011

This type analyzes that the water square can be used in the implementation of rain and sewage diversion in the old city. Water square not only reduce infrastructure cost and nuisance to the public, but also achieve the effect of storm sewer system's optimized transformation, This type also study the feasibility of its implementation and design principle, at last it gives a conclusion about the water square.
Modeling of Headloss Development in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) —Ⅱ. Simulation
Authors: Liu Qiang , Qiu Li Ping , Chen Jing Ying , Guo Chun Hui
Published: September 2011

In order to evaluate the feasibility of the hybrid physical– biologically filtration equation of Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) developed previously, the parameters of the filtration equations were determined through the numerical simulation and experimental fitting, and the empirical formula was carried out finally. The results showed that experimental data were in agreement with the simulated data very well, illustrated that the determined parameter was reasonable and the equation can be used to forecast the headloss development of the tested filter.
Study on Coupled Conduction and Convection Heat Transfer Based on Internal Heat Source
Authors: Li Yong An , Gao Ya Nan , Wang Ming , Liu Xue Lai
Published: September 2011

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is proposed to simulate numerically conjugated heat transfer process of fluid washing out solid with evenly internal heat source in the pipe. Temperature field and velocity field inside the pipe and outside solid are gained by calculation. Based on numerical simulation, the varying regularity of Nusselt number between fluid and solid wall surface is obtained and analyzed. The results show that there are two symmetrical vortexes in the back of solid. The Nusselt number and heat exchange rate dramatically decrease with increasing horizontal distance of top and bottom of solid.
A Model-Based Online Fault Detection Method for Air Handling Units of Real Office Buildings
Authors: Wang Hai Tao , Chen You Ming , Chan Cary W.H. , Qin Jian Ying
Published: September 2011

The increasing performance demands and the growing complexity of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have created a need for automated fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools. Cost-effective fault detection and diagnosis method is critical to develop FDD tools. To this end, this paper presents a model-based online fault detection method for air handling units (AHU) of real office buildings. The model parameters are periodically adjusted by a genetic algorithm-based optimization method to reduce the residual between measured and predicted data, so high modeling accuracy is assured. If the residual between measured and estimated performance data exceeds preset thresholds, it means the occurrence of faults or abnormalities in the air handling unit system. In addition, an online adaptive scheme is developed to estimate and update the thresholds, which vary with system operating conditions. The model-based fault detection method needs no additional instrumentation in implementation and can be easily integrated with existing energy management and control systems (EMCS). The fault detection method was tested and validated using in real time data collected from a real office building.
The Influence to Modal Parameters of Retaining Wall by the Elastic Modulus of Soil
Authors: Liu Li Biao , Zhang Yong Xing , Chen Jian Gong
Published: September 2011

The characteristic of soil is one of the main factors that influence the modal parameters of retaining wall. This paper analyzes the influence to modal parameters of retaining wall by the elastic modulus of soil. Due to the complexity of the interaction of soil and retaining wall and based on the three-dimensional numerical test, dynamic response signals of retaining wall are obtained, processing of which and identification of modal parameters lead to the modal parameters of retaining wall. Lastly, vibration characteristic, frequency characteristic and the relationship of frequency and elastic modulus are also obtained.Therefore, the real elastic modulus of soil is gained by response signals in practical projects, and the degree of soil compaction can be pre-judged.
Research on the Controlling of Typhoon Engineering
Authors: Yang Ji Xin , Wang Jun , Huang Yi Feng
Published: September 2011

The means of inflicting hot or cold interfere at the key place of typhoon was put forward to alter the locomotive route of the typhoon to avoid the important engineering and important region, or to weaken the intensity of the typhoon and to prevent the occurring of the typhoon at source. The basic principle and the academic foundation of the controlling of the typhoon were studied, and the model of typhoon configuration and the inherent relation between the parameters such as wind speed, wind pressure, temperature and etc were brought forward. The research trend of the typhoon controlling was introduced and the existing problems and the prospects were discussed.
Model Test of Socketed Depth’s Influence on Bearing Mechanism in Rock-Socketed Pile
Authors: Gao Rui , Wang Yan Qiang , Yan Jun
Published: September 2011

The socketed depth in rock-socketed pile can influence its bearing mechanism largely. At present the numerical simulation is used to study the socketed depth’s influence on pile’s bearing mechanism. It can reveal the pile bearing mechanism in some degree; however, there are some defects and limitations in simulation for its assumptions and simplifications. Based on the pile foundation of Tian-xing-zhou Bridge, the model test is conducted to study the socketed depth’ influence on rock-socketed pile bearing mechanism. In the model test, the socketed depth of model piles are made different ranging from 60mm to 200mm at the step of 20mm, and the bed rock is simulated with mixture of sand and plaster, the rock-soil overlain the bed rock is simulated with silty sand, the pile is simulated with organic glass rod according to similarity principle respectively. The results show that the settlement of top of model pile is smaller and the ratio of point resistance is smaller when the socketed depth is longer. When the socketed depth reaches 5D (D represents diameter of model pile), the ratio of point resistance is no more than 40%, and it is less than 1% when 8D. The conclusions drawed from model test are useful to deciding the length of pile foundation in Tian-xing-zhou Bridge.
Application of Hybrid Genetic Algorithm in Ground Stress Inversion
Authors: Yu Ran Gang , Tian Yong
Published: September 2011

This paper propose genetic algorithm combined with neural networks, greatly improving the convergence rate of neural network aim at the disadvantage of the traditional BP neural network inversion method is easy to fall into local minimum and slow convergence.Finally, verified the feasibility and superiority of the above methods through the successful initial ground stress inversion of actual project.
Analysis on Types of In Situ Stress Field and its Effect to Roadway in Deep Coal Mines
Authors: Liu Chao Ru
Published: September 2011

By analyzing a large number of in-situ stress data measured in underground deep coal mines, two types of in-situ stress fields exit in deep coal mines, σHvh and σvHh, which influences on the stability of underground deep roadways are analyzed by means of numerical simulation. The results show that the destruction of surrounding rock varies greatly in equal value stress fields with different types. In σHvh, the plastic zone of roof and floor of roadways is larger than the two sides, and stress concentration appears in front of heading face and in roof and floor of roadways, but not in two sides, more considerations should be given to the roof and floor supporting. In σvHh, plastic zone of two sides is larger than the roof and floor, and stress concentration appears in front of heading face and the sides of roadways, but not in the roof and floor, so more supporting considerations should be given to the two sides while protecting the roof.
Analysis of the Influences of Soil Parameters on the Settlement of Storage Tank Foundation
Authors: Zhang Xu Dong , Wang Shuai , Yu Ran Gang
Published: September 2011

The settlement characteristics of storage tank foundation at water-filling preloading stage and stable loading stage was analyzed based on numerical simulation. And the influences of foundation soil parameters on the settlement of storage tank foundation were studied. The research results show that Uplift appears at the place 1.3D away from the center of oil tank bottom, and the final uplift value is 10mm.The main factor which influences the consolidation speed of storage tank foundation is permeability coefficient. The consolidation settlement is determined by compression modulus and load.
Motion Situation and Kinetic Energy Analysis for Ore Pass of Underground Mine
Authors: Huang Yong Heng , Cao Ping , Wang Yi Xian
Published: September 2011

The fragmentation of ore pass under loading belongs to one of the typical disaster in underground mine. This paper is concerned with the description and explanation of this phenomenon and presents brittle fragmentation for impact damage of rock block based on impact test, high-speed camera was used to study the relation between fragmentation and damage and the effect of the kinetic energy of projectile on them, the experimental results demonstrate that the damaged zone, invasion depth increase with the increase of the kinetic energy of projectile, but are influenced by the impact angle; the results show that prior to the impact kinetic energy reaches the critical value, the energy dissipation is mainly for damaged zone, when the impact kinetic energy increases to the critical value.