bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Participation in Online Communities on Individuals in Saudi Arabi
Authors: Al-Saggaf Yeslam , Weckert John
Published: November 2005

There is a major transformation taking place in Saudi Arabia. The
Saudis are poised on the edge of a significant new social
landscape. Called the Internet, this new frontier includes not only
the crea tion of new forms of private communication, like
electronic mail and chat, but also web-based forums, which for the
first time enabled public discussions between males and females in
this gender-segre gated society. This paper has been written as a
result of an ethnographic study conducted in Saudi Arabia during
the period 2001- 2002. The purpose of the study was to understand
how online communitie s in Saudi Arabia are affecting people. The
results of the study indicate that while participants to a large
extent used online communities in accordance with their cultural
values, norms and traditio ns, the communication medium and the
features associated with it, such as the anonymity and lack of
social cues, have affected them considerably. For example, many
participants became more flexible in their thinking, more mindful
about the diverse nature of people within their society, less
inhibited about the opposite gender, and more self-confident.
Contrary to their cultural values, participant s neglected their
family commitments, became less shy and some developed
relationships that are based on interest alone. These findings will
be highlighted in this paper.
From student model to teacher model
Authors: Chen Z.
Published: November 2005

The impact of the computers on society has been studied through student models and the user's mental models, but very little has been said about the methods and practices of the teaching process itself. In this paper the need for teacher models is discussed; a framework for teacher model development is outlined.
Applying the human relations perspective to the study of new media
Authors: Rice Ronald E
Published: November 2005

The Human Relations perspective is one of six perspectives, suggested by Kling and colleagues, that analysts take when studying the impacts of computers. This short note looks at the assumptions of this perspective by focussing on a particular component of the human relations approach. This component is the
participation or involvement
of users in the implementation and management of communication systems in organizations. It very briefly notes prior literature on this component, with particular reference to sociotechnical systems research. This note considers the implications of using the human relations perspective and the focus on participation in light of results from a lengthy study of the management of word processign in 200 organizations. It concludes by considering the joint advantages of the other perspectives in analyses of participation.
University students' attitudes towards computer crime
Authors: Coldwell R. A.
Published: November 2005

This research note reports an investigation of university students' assessment of the social consequences of computer crime. It finds that students from machinebased discriplines are less able to predict the social consequences of computer crime than those from peoplebased disciplines. We conclude from this that the concepts of machine-people and people-people are valid but that it would be inappropriate to conceive of these as a dichotomy regarding occupational types: forming either end of a continuum might be more acceptable. The likely source of these individual social leanings is linked back to early childhood socialisation and suggests that, by subjecting students of machinebased disciplines to socially-oriented modules at the university, would be occurring fifteen years too late.
Societal and technological problems of computer use in industry
Authors: Jiang Qi , Kopec Danny
Published: November 2005

In this paper we are going to examine several factors, both societal and technological, that account for the slowdown of computer production and applications. Our basic premise is that there are serious problems associated with the use of computers in industry. It is the responsibility of both businessmen and engineers alike to solve these problems in order to create a better society for us to live in. Computers, like other machines, have their own limitations and are not the panacea, as they may appear to be to some people, for all problems.
Kassandra
Authors: von Matt urs
Published: November 2005

An automatic grading system is presented for grading assignments in scientific computing. A student can interactively use this system to check the correctness of his program assignments. The grade for a correct solution is automatically recorded. This paper also considers the security problems with such an automatic grading system.
A modern approach to grade preparation using Lotus 1-2-3
Authors: Podos Arlene , Rummo Marie
Published: November 2005

This article describes a technique that educators can use to simplify and automate the preparation of student grades. Instead of computing averages and determining letter grades individually for each student, the educator can use Lotus commands to calculate the averages and produce letter grades automatically for an entire class. Not only will this technique save considerable time and effort, it will also enable the instructor to produce more accurate and professional looking grading reports.
A hypermedia approach for developing research and reporting skills
Authors: Buffington Peggy , Vockell Edward L.
Published: November 2005

Whole language and cooperative learning are effective ways to help students develop and integrate academic skill. The computer makes available the possibility of multimedia opportunities to apply whole language, cooperative learning, and other strategies to promote the development of cognitive, affective, and social skills.The project reported in this paper explored a successful strategy for using HyperCard and interactive technology to accomplish these goals. The qualitative analysis verified that students became effective learners and communicators through the research and design process. The technology proved to be a motivator for students and increased the rate of development of basic skills as well as their knowledge of subject matter.In addition to the written paper, this presentation will include videotaped segments focusing on key project activities and examples of children's hypermedia products.
Using hypermedia to support understanding of expository text
Authors: Hillinger Michael L.
Published: November 2005

This paper examines how comprehension of expository text can be assisted by using hypermedia support-text, images, and speech. This kind of presentation environment, what we call Responsive Text, can compensate for a reader's basic skills deficiencies by using speech support to aid decoding, hypertext/hypermedia to provide background and vocabulary support, and interactive questions to encourage comprehension monitoring. The paper will describe how a Responsive Text environment has been used for both adults, using workplace training materials, and middle school students, using social studies and science texts.
Using multimedia to emphasize the development of professional abilities
Authors: Boulet Marie-Michèle
Published: November 2005

This paper presents the content of a lesson unit issued from the television distance education course Information Technology. It is a mandatory course of the undergraduate program of computer science from Université Laval. Several television programs were used to favor the development of professional abilities needed in the workplace. The first part of this paper summarizes the knowledge that students must acquire. The second part emphasizes the use of television to favor the emergence of the needed professional abilities.
A managerial analysis of ATM in facilitating distance education
Authors: Littman Marlyn Kemper
Published: November 2005

In this paper, the fundamental characteristics and capabilities of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks in a distance learning environment are examined. Current and projected ATM applications are described. Issues and challenges associated with developing ATM networking solutions for instructional delivery are explored. Guidelines facilitating ATM implementation in the educational setting for instructional enrichment are presented.
Increasing reflective instructional decision making by clinically supervising teachers using telecommunications
Authors: O'Neill Adrienne , Coe Mary Ann
Published: November 2005

Clinical supervision is a commonly accepted model used by supervisors of local school district teachers. The clinical supervision model is also used with pre-service teachers and has been enhanced by the use of e-mail and the Internet. What has been learned with pre-service teachers can be applied to local school districts. With telecommunications, greater opportunities are provided for teacher reflective decision making, formative feedback from supervisors, joint supervisor and teacher problem solving, acquisition of lesson plans and student project ideas from numerous sources, and the improvement of instruction.
Web pages and K-12 education
Authors: Barron Ann , Ivers Karen
Published: November 2005

The World Wide Web is a powerful resource for K-12 education. Never before has the educational community had such an inexpensive, easily accessible method of communicating and distributing information. Teachers and students in distant locations can exchange ideas and information, research libraries can be accessed from home computers, databases of information are available at students' fingertips, and students can interact with peers of different cultures, countries, and languages.
TeacherNet
Authors: Casey Jean
Published: November 2005

The concerns of the 21st Century are Global ones; the generation in our classrooms today must learn about, explore, and discuss these problems not only with one another but with their peers throughout the world. The Internet makes this type of dialogue possible in every classroom in the U.S. European Schools are well on their way to this goal as well. In order to make this a reality in every classroom in the United States the teacher in each classroom much be knowledgeable and a user of technology; TeacherNet makes this happen in the preservice phase of teacher training.
Polyhedral sculpture
Authors: Eisenberg Michael , Nishioka Ann
Published: November 2005

Mathematics educators often despair at the subject's austere, "abstract" reputation. This paper describes recent work in developing an application named HyperGami, whose purpose is to integrate both the abstract and "real-world" aspects of mathematics by allowing children to design and construct polyhedral models and sculptures. We describe a sample HyperGami sculpture, and present our observations during the past year of pilot studies with elementary and middle school students.
Using the WWW as the delivery mechanism for interactive, visulaization-based instructional modules
Authors: Naps Thomas , Bergin Joseph , Jiménez-Peris Ricardo , McNally Myles F. , Patiño-Martínez Marta , Proulx Viera K. , Tarhio Jorma
Published: November 2005

Visualization has long been an important pedagogical tool in CS education. The widespread use of the Web and the introduction of Java, with its ability to present interactive animated applets and other types of animation, all provide opportunities to expand the availability of visualization-based teaching and learning tools. In addition, the Web introduces new opportunities not available in traditional settings.We start by identifying the types of learning objectives that can be supported by visualizations and the Web environment. Next we look at specific areas where the use of the Web enhances learning beyond the usual visualization, as well as at new learning and teaching paradigms supported by the Web. We then discuss a number of different mechanisms that can be used to deliver visualizations over the Web and new ways of managing displays in the Web-based environment. We point out both advantages and disadvantages of using the Web. A look into the future follows. We consider what changes and improvements we can expect and what specific activities we would like the CS community to undertake. We end with a brief survey of currently available Web-based visualization teaching tools and a commitment to maintain a list of links to these and other sites.
Developing laboratories for the SIGCSE computing laboratory repository: guidelines, recommendations, and sample labs
Authors: Joyce Daniel , Knox Deborah , Gerhardt-Powals Jill , Koffman Elliot , Kreuzer Wolfgang , Laxer Cary , Loose Kenneth , Sutinen Erkki , Whitehurst R. Alan
Published: November 2005

We focus on the practical issue of designing laboratory activities, concentrating on identifying key components necessary to insure quality and usefulness in the on-line SIGCSE Computing Laboratory Repository. We summarize the current capabilities and future extensions of the Repository, characterize a variety of qualities necessary and recommended for successful laboratory activities, identify a standard cover page for all lab activity submissions, and specify some guidelines for referees of submitted materials. Finally, we have designed four sample laboratory projects. Their contents are summarized in this paper and the completed projects will be available from the Repository after student testing in the Fall of 1997, if not sooner.
Developing guidelines within the Canadian “knowledge-based economy/society”
Authors: Shade Leslie Regan
Published: November 2005

The rhetoric surrounding the creation of a 'knowledge-based economy/society' (KBE/S) emphasizes the interrelationship between ICTs (information and communication technologies) in knowledge and economic development and their continued trajectory throughout the next century. What, however, is really meant by the KBE/S agenda, and how are the important social issues surrounding KBE/S, including access, content, and citizenship being dealt with? Using Canada as an example, this discussion will focus on how Canadian federal policymakers are conceptualizing the issues surrounding KBE/S through recent and ongoing policy explorations.
What makes professionals so difficult
Authors: Preston David
Published: November 2005

Teaching ethics to professionals pursuing a university degree programme requires a method that engages them with the realities and problematic nature of their workplace environment. In this paper we examine some of the history of Professional Ethics from a philosophical and political standpoint. Unfortunately this analysis appears to produce more questions than answers with the terms professional and expert seemingly poorly defined. In order to demonstrate some of the generic problems likely to be encountered by anyone teaching Professional Ethics we make use of our case study. Whilst this is concerned largely with what can be termed Business and Computing Ethics, the case study does highlight problems that occur across the curricula. We look at the concerns and problems surrounding the teaching of issues such as Integration into the Curricula, Codes of Ethics, Ethical Decision Making and Ethical Standards. We stress the value in universities moving away from traditional methods, based purely in direct value, of decision making to an alternative ethical evaluative framework based on Social, Economic, Environmental and Rights information. This model should be introduced early in the student calendar and used as a vehicle for discussion of later issues such as Whistleblowing.
Navigating the knowledge infrastructure
Authors: Sullins John
Published: November 2005

In this paper we are going to describe a particular scheme for utilizing current web based technologies for use in facilitating the understanding, and utilization, of a cooperative knowledge infrastructure. We will describe the reasons we feel our KnowledgeScape mapping system would be a valuable addition to any corporation's intranet.We begin with a description of the modern workplace. We find that there are certain problems within the modern workplace that we may be able to help address. Two of these problems are the recognition of the value of emergent communities, and the current inability of corporate organizational charting techniques to account for and nurture these informal, but porentially valuable, groups.Next we will look at some of the interesting philosophical and sociological concepts that directly apply to the issues we raise. Once we have a clear conception of the philosophical background we will attempt to apply these ideas within the design of our proposed knowledge infrastructure mapping tool.Additionally we will provide a description of the current technologies we surveyed for use in our project and the strengths and weaknesses we found in each of them. Here we will look at how to use current technologies in new ways that will address some of our concerns and ideas. We will conclude with a look at how the KnowledgeScape mapping technique could be of use in any endeavor that seeks to enable the use of large archives or stores of knowledge. We find that he KnowledgeScape mapping scheme would be useful in projects for representing competency, intellectual capital, etc., or any other project that has to do with creating digital archives or libraries.
The role of interactive distance technologies in higher education
Authors: McLean Alasdair , Newlands David , Lovie Fraser
Published: November 2005

This paper seeks to assess the educational advantages and disadvantages of the use of interactive, live teacher distance learning technologies in higher education. It arises from the authors' experience of using audio conferencing to teach an introductory course in the social sciences to pre-undergraduate access students throughout the Scottish Highlands and Islands. The paper describes Aberdeen University's distance access programme. The positive features of the programme are that it has made possible the further extension of higher education opportunities to students in remote geographical areas, and that the interactive live audio conferencing tutorials have provided the type of support to students which is missing from traditional correspondence courses. The paper also attempts to determine the attitudes of students to distance learning technologies. It reports the results of a three-year survey conducted among two different groups of students: those who have undertaken the distance learning course, compared with those who have done a similar access course by conventional teaching on campus.
Use WWW resources for translation classes in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Li-yi
Published: November 2005

In the past, dictionaries, encyclopedia and other reference books were indispensable tools for people doing translation. And it has been very common for students in translation classes to be handed a long list of text books, all sorts of dictionaries, encyclopedia and other reference books. It is almost impossible for the students to spend a lot of money to buy them all. Besides, the heavy weight of those reference books, the shortage of space for them and the huge amount of time that the students have used to look up for new words in dictionaries or in other reference books have also been big problems for the students. And every now and then they might not be able to find the words in any dictionaries on the market. Problems like these make our students grumble when they do translation. Consequently, translation becomes less interesting.To make translation class full of fun and to make translation more feasible, we think that teachers should introduce the World Wide Web resources for translation to their students. In this paper, we will first introduce different kinds of translation resources on the Web which are very useful for teachers as well as students in Taiwan. We will compile a list of' these resources based on different subjects, such as on-line multi-lingual dictionaries, encyclopedia, jargons of legal, computer, medical, and business terms, rhetorics, corpora, machine translation, translation schools, conferences, workshops, references, and on-line translation services. We will evaluate some of them briefly.
Cautionary tales and the impact of computers on society
Authors: Williams Mary B. , Ermann David , Gutierrez Glaudio
Published: November 2005

The use of cautionary tales to inculcate appropriate professional moral standards into professionals in various fields is described, and application to computer science professionals is suggested. The wider moral aspects of the computer's impact on society are then discussed.Because the computer gives us fundamentally new power, we are faced with decisions for which our experiences may give little guidance. The danger of applying old standards to a fundamentally new situation is well illustrated by the law, passed soon after the production of the first automobiles, which required automobiles traveling the roads to be preceded by a man on foot carrying a red flag. This law reduced danger, but robbed the auto of its intrinsic power.Similarly we could stop one type of computer crime by outlawing electronic fund transfer, or prevent a potentially dangerous accumulation of governmental power by outlawing the interconnection of computers storing different sets of information about individuals, or prevent robots from taking workers' jobs by outlawing robotization. It is possible to respond to every danger by cutting off the power that leads to that danger. But it is more productive to respond by analyzing the particular situation in order to determine whether our fundamental values are better served by changing our expectations or rules than by denying ourselves the use of the power. Such an analysis requires some understanding both of the problems which may be caused in our society by the computer and of the nature of our values.This paper begins with some computerization problems that are essentially problems of inculcating the proper professional morals into computer professionals (and into those amateurs who are deeply involved with computers). We point out that other professions inculcate professional moral standards by the use of cautionary tales, and we indicate how the computer profession can develop the cautionary tales it needs. We then turn to the problems to the computer's impact on society, discussing some of the issues that must be addressed if the negative impacts of computerization are to be minimized.
Software theft and the problem of intellectual property rights
Authors: Forester Tom
Published: November 2005

Computers have brought many benefits to society, but they have also created new social problems such as computer crime, software theft, computer unreliability, invasions of privacy, hacking and the creation of viruses. In turn, these problems pose ethical dilemmas for the youthful profession of computing, which has yet to develop rigid codes of ethics. This is especially the case with software theft or piracy, a widespread phenomenon and a modern version of the age-old problem of intellectual property theft. For lawmakers and the computing industry, the central question is how to reward innovation without stifling creativity - but experts disagree as to whether copyright law, patent law or contract law should be used. They also disagree as to what software actually is.
Zen and the art of teaching systems development
Authors: Greenbaum Joan , Mathiassen Lars
Published: November 2005

There has been a great deal written about curriculum for teaching systems development, but very little said about the methods and practices of the teaching process itself. This article, in the form of an open letter to colleagues, addresses itself to the problems and experiences we have had in teaching systems development. Specifically, it focuses on the contradiction between education and experience and suggests some metaphors and methods for better integrating experience into the learning process.Originally presented ath the 10th IRIS (Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia), Vaskivesi, Finland, August 1987.
Computer and society
Authors: Jervell Herman Ruge , Olsen Kai A.
Published: November 2005

The computer is a relatively new invention in the history of man. It has found application in many sectors, and will undoubtedly influence our society. As we shall show, however, the computer is linked to a chain of development that started 10,000 years ago, when a society of hunters and gatherers changed into an agricultural society. The computer is completely dependent on this development towards a more and more formalized society.
The role of conflicts in the learning process
Authors: Aïmeur Esma , Frasson Claude , Lalonde Michel
Published: November 2005

Tutoring strategies have evolved from direct learning to cooperative learning involving various agents, which are either computer simulated or real human beings. During these learning sessions conflicts then arise since the student must interact with several simulated participants such as the tutor, the companion, or the troublemaker (a companion able to mislead the learner). We call these conflicts
external conflicts
. Some of them are accidental but others are intentional in order to test the learner's self-confidence and to detect
internal conflicts
that oppose new knowledge to existing learner knowledge. In this article, we highlight the usefulness of conflicts in various
cooperative
learning strategies, showing that they contribute with social interaction to the development of cognition. In particular, we discuss the advantage of an intentional external conflict caused by a difference of opinion between the student and the troublemaker. This difference of opinion is introduced in order to get the student to evaluate his own opinion and cognitive schema. If the learner presents a cognitive dissonance (discord between ideas) a dialogue with the troublemaker will help him correct his internal conflicts. Then, the tutor and the troublemaker cooperate to manage a learning session. We present experimental results that show the gain brought by the troublemaker conflicts in learning improvement.
A curriculum based visual interface for course authoring and learning
Authors: Kaltenbach Marc , Guo Rubiao
Published: November 2005

This paper proposes a visual model to help create and exploit curriculum based ITS. In the system, a curriculum is a capability transition network that consists of two kinds of nodes: capability nodes representing teaching outputs and transition nodes organizing tutoring activities. The bridge between capability nodes and transition nodes is the prerequisite links from capability nodes to transition nodes and the output links from transition nodes to capability nodes. In the model, domain knowledge is identified as human capabilities based on Gagné's instructional theory. Transition nodes are modeled after a combination of the task classifications proposed by Gagné and by Bloom. Visual properties of a capability transition network reflecting these categories as well as learner state can assist both curriculum authors and learners in their respective tasks.
MIACE, a human cognitive architecture
Authors: Mayers André , Lefebvre Bernard , Frasson Claude
Published: November 2005

Miace as a human cognitive architecture is a computational model that explains how a student acquires, encodes and uses domain knowledge. Because Miace takes into account the cognitive psychological laws and the environment in which the student works, it can be used as a virtual student in help systems dedicated to pedagogical formation, in intelligent tutoring systems, in cooperative learning applications and for the conception of didactic material. This paper describes the implementation of Miace and discusses the Miace theoretical components from three point of view: temporal, their roles in cognitive activity and their generic or functional forms. A comparison is done to show the originality and the contribution of Miace in user modeling.
Subsumption ethics
Authors: Gleason David H.
Published: November 2005

The difference between computers and simple machines is the extent to which computer systems subsume design and development decisions over which users have little or no control. Normally, such decisions are all but forgotten after implementation. Subsumption ethics describes this process.This paper begins with a discussion of subsumption ethics and describes four axioms of subsumption ethics. Four ethical frameworks with roots in philosophical traditions are used as an ethical framework: The
golden rule
; the
golden mean; niskama karma
; and complexity. A matrix is presented that combines the axioms of subsumption ethics with these ethical frameworks. The paper concludes by applying the matrix to some standard problems in software systems development.
Action research on systems development: case study of changing actor roles
Authors: Friis Siv
Published: November 2005

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the change of roles of the actors (users and Data Processing experts) in an action research project of systems development, where all actors participated actively in the project. The users participated in the actual system construction by building small prototype systems that acted as requirements specifications. There is a description of the types of roles the users as well as the experts took on in the project. Questions regarding the social and economic risks with end user computing are discussed. The changing of roles and its social consequences are discussed in the perspective of role theory and interactionist socialization theory.
Cyberethics biliography 2001
Authors: Tavani Herman T.
Published: November 2005

Included in the 2001 annual bibliography update is a select list of recent books and articles, each with a publisher's date of either 2000 or 2001. For an annotated list of selected books and articles published between 1998 and 2000, see the June 1999 and June 2000 issues of Computers and Society; and for a comprehensive list of books and articles published before 1997, see my Computing, ethics, and social responsiblity: a bibliography (available at http://cyberethics.cbi.msstate.edu/biblio).
Creating and sharing Web notes via a standard browser
Authors: Chong Ng S. T. , Sakauchi Masao
Published: November 2005

Today practitioners in education actively publish their instructional materials as HTML documents, using a variety of media. Yet, in most cases, third parties can only passively read the documents displayed in their browsers. This partly accounts for why students in Web-based courses continue to take notes and get feedback on assignments from their teachers on paper documents [9]. In this paper, we describe an intuitve Web annotation environment that allows users to annotate directly on any DHTML-compliant portions of Web page using a standard browser, for private, group or public use along with support for voice synthesis and notification. In makes extensive use of DHTML to realize the interactive markup effects and offers capabilities not available in existing systems. Our implementation is among the few systems currently available that make use of DHTML for creating a wide range of group services within Web browsers.
The structuring of a synchronized multimedia system for Web-based distance education
Authors: Roccetti Marco , Salomoni Paola
Published: November 2005

We have developed a Web based multimedia educational system, which has been designed to provide support for both synchronous and asynchronous distance learning activities. On the one hand, the system provides students with asynchronous educational material under the different form of HTML slides, digital audio/video lectures, software packages and simulating instruments for laboratory activities. On the other hand, the system allows users (i.e., students and educators) to establish synchronous communications through real-time audio connections. In this paper we report on how we have exploited adaptive techniques, markup languages and networked multimedia technologies for the structuring of a system able to provide each different user with a customized educational support.
Charity begins at home
Authors: Saraswat Satya Prakash , Williams Christine B.
Published: November 2005

In this study we performed a content analysis on the websites of the Fortune 100 corporations to examine their responses to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. We find that most corporations responded by providing financial assistance in the form of direct cash donations or matching employee contributions. Contributions of products or services, and enhanced security measures were the most frequently provided in-kind responses. Four variables influence the kinds of responses generated by the various companies: industry category, geographic location, physical impact, and profitability. The Industry category financial services, and the Northeast geographic location have the most significant effect on company responses. Physical impact of the tragedy is related to the provision of additional services or security measures. In addition, level of profitability is found to affect both donations to a fund and provision of volunteers. The paper explores some of the reasons behind the pattern of responses we observed and recommends some directions for future research.
Academic integrity and the World Wide Web
Authors: Hinman L. M.
Published: November 2005

After analyzing five values (honesty; fairness; trust; respect; and responsibility) that are constitutive of academic integrity, this paper considers moral challenges to academic integrity that are posed by the World Wide Web in three areas: student integrity, faculty integrity, and institutional integrity.
The effect of a male-oriented computer gaming culture on careers in the computer industry
Authors: Natale Marc J.
Published: November 2005

If careers in the computer industry were viewed, it would be evident that there is a conspicuous gender gap between the number of male and female employees. The same gap can be observed at the college level where males are dominating females as to those who pursue and obtain a degree in computer science. The question that this research paper intends to show is: Why are males so dominant when it comes to computer related matter? I have traced this question back to the computer game. Computer games are a fun medium and provide the means for an individual to become computer literate through the engagement of spatial learning and cognitive processing abilities. Since such games are marketed almost exclusively to males, females have a distinct disadvantage. Males are more computer literate through the playing of computer games, and are provided with an easy lead-in to more advanced utilization of computers such as programming. Females tend to be turned off due to the male stereotypes and marketing associated with games and thus begins the gender gap.
Privacy of medical records
Authors: Baumer David , Earp Julia Brande , Payton Fay Cobb
Published: November 2005

Increasingly, medical records are being stored in computer databases that allow for efficiencies in providing treatment and in the processing of clinical and financial services. Computerization of medical records has also diminished patient privacy and, in particular, has increased the potential for misuse, especially in the form of nonconsensual secondary use of personally identifiable records. Organizations that store and use medical records have had to establish security measures, prompted partially by an inconsistent patchwork of legal standards that vary from state to state. There is widespread appreciation among policy makers regarding the need for legal reform. The Health Information and Portability Accountability Act of 1996 mandated that the Administration develop regulations regarding the control of medical records. The Administration has offered regulations from the Department of Health and Human Services (Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information; Proposed Rule 45 CFR Parts 160 through 164). Survey data reveal what healthcare professionals who have access to sensitive medical records believe are the greatest threats to patients' privacy. The overlap between Administration proposals and the responses of healthcare professionals is striking.
Workplace surveillance, privacy and distributive justice
Authors: Introna Lucas D.
Published: November 2005

Modern technologies are providing unprecedented opportunities for surveillance. In the workplace surveillance technology is being built into the very infrastructure of work. Can the employee legitimately resist this increasingly pervasive net of surveillance? The employers argue that workplace surveillance is essential for security, safety, and productivity in increasingly competitive markets. They argue that they have a right to ensure that they 'get what they pay for', furthermore, that the workplace is a place of 'work' which by its very definition excludes the 'personal' dimension at the core of all privacy claims. Legal developments, especially in the USA, seem to favour such an interpretation. The individual's call for workplace privacy seems illegitimate in a context where the 'personal' is almost excluded by default. In this paper I want to argue that the private/public distinction is not useful in the context of workplace surveillance since it always seems possible to argue that the workplace is always and only 'public'---thereby leaving the employee without resources to defend their claim. Such a position belies the fact that the fundamental claim of workplace privacy is not a claim for some personal space as such but rather a claim for the protection against the inherently political interests in the 'gaze' of the employer. Furthermore, that it is probably impossible, in practice, to separate the public from the private in the flow of everyday work. Thus, it seems that one needs to develop another approach to think through the issues at stake. I will argue that the distribution of privacy rights and transparency (surveillance) rights is rather a matter of organisational justice. I will suggest that we may use theories of justice---in particular the work of Rawls---to develop a framework of distributive justice for distributing privacy and transparency between the collective and the individual in a way that is fair. I will contend that such an approach will provide the employee with resources to defend their legitimate claim to workplace privacy.
Extending the learning space
Authors: Williamson Andy , Nodder Carolyn
Published: November 2005

Discussion boards are often seen as an extension of the
traditional classroom however it is our contention that the true
potential of this medium for adult learners in a postgraduate
setting lies in extending the learni ng space in new and different
ways. Adopting the concept of the virtual sphere as a 'third
space', one that is less formal than the established academic
world, enables us to see the discussion board not as a teaching
tool but as an enabler, extending the learning space by allowing
dialogue and reflection to take place beyond the physical time and
space constraints of the classroom walls. This is re-enforced by
adopting the principles of emancipatory pedagogy and communicative
action, which allows us to form a model for the use of online
discussion boards that removes the systemic distortions caused by
the steering media of academic regulation and pre-defined learning
outcomes and by moving beyond the limitations of constructivist
pedagogies, leading to the creation of a learning space where
dialogue and reflective learning amongst a community of learners is
promoted.
Information System's Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Sagheb-Tehrani Mehdi
Published: November 2005

The concepts of an information system's roles and responsib ilities can play a significant role in the outset of the information systems dev elopment (ISD) process. This aspect has not been the subject of much debate and attention in ISD. In this paper an attempt is made to outline a conceptual model of information systems' roles and responsibilities. This conceptual model is an initial step towards exploration of the relationship between the concepts of in formation systems' roles and responsibilities.
Computers and society: an integrated course model
Authors: Joel William J.
Published: November 2005

Curriculum '78 recommends that a course examining the social effects of computer technology be included in an undergraduate computer science degree. There are essentially three ways of examining various segments of society: application model, society type model and major issue model. The integrated course model incorporates all three simpler models and creates a course that allows the student to easily move from personal experiences to global issues.
Technology literacy for undergraduate liberal arts students
Authors: Noll A. Michael
Published: November 2005

The Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Southern California is teaching undergraduate, liberal arts students about modern technology through a course in communications systems. The objective of the course is to demystify communication technology and give the student a fundamental knowledge of the workings of modern media. The use of such familiar examples as television, the telephone, and stereo excites student interest and curiosity and thus helps make the learning experience more meaningful.
An approach to gathering undocumented information
Authors: Jackson Purvis M. , Moss Sara E.
Published: November 2005

The Software Engineering Institute is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center operated by Carnegie-Mellon University under contract to the Department of Defense. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, or the Department of Defense.
Promoting computer use in the social studies
Authors: Holznagel Donald , Klassen Daniel
Published: November 2005

This paper describes one attempt to promote and extend the use of the computer to enhance instruction in the social studies at the secondary level, through simulation and data-base inquiry. This dissemination effort involved the resources of federal, state and regional projects. The effort resulted in the training of 200 teachers, and the development of several computer-based curriculum units.
A lesson in recursion and structured programming
Authors: Augenstein Moshe , Tenenbaum Aaron
Published: November 2005

Students in middle level courses in data structures and programming languages often do not have a full appreciation of recursion. The study of the simulation of recursion can be an excellent tool in improving this situation. It is shown how to construct a nonrecursive routine to solve a problem whose solution is naturally recursive. This nonrecursive routine is then used as a foundation from which one can construct a simpler and better structured program than the original version. The advantages of this activity are also discussed.
The IIT MST in computer science program
Authors: Meinke John G. , Bauer Charles R.
Published: November 2005

The MST program at Illinois Institute of Technology evolved as a result of Computer Science emerging as a separate discipline at the secondary school level. The State of Illinois and the Chicago Board of Education have both been investigating certification for Computer Science teachers, but at present only two states, Wisconsin and Minnesota, have certification programs for teachers of Computer Science. In the not too far distant future there will be certification programs in many states and the IIT MST program in Computer Science is designed to meet those requirements.

It is important to realize before discussing the program itself that the MST program is not designed to teach people how to teach. Before entering the program, a teacher must have at least three years of superior teaching experience as well as recommendations from his principal attesting to his quality as a teacher. Of the 32 semester hours required for the MST degree, a maximum of 12 semester hours are in Computer Pedagogy, with the norm being nine. In addition, students in the program study on a part-time basis to encourage use of the principles studied at IIT in their own classrooms.
A course description for teacher education in computer science
Authors: Poirot J. L.
Published: November 2005

This paper describes the content of a course entitled “Computers in Education” offered within the teacher certification program at Southwest Texas State University. This course, designed specifically for teacher education has several objectives including the following:

(1) to cover material which would be most likely included in a secondary school curriculum,

(2) to give adequate motivation for covering this material in the secondary school,

(3) to list objectives to be reached in the secondary school classroom for each topic,

(4) to present teaching techniques for topics in the secondary school,

(5) to present computer related topics designed to aid the teacher in instruction,

(6) to present computer related topics designed to aid the teacher in school administrative work.
Introductory programming reconsidered - a user-oriented approach
Authors: Cherniak Bob
Published: November 2005

A comprehensive plan for an introductory Computer Science Course is presented, a plan where experience with a computer from the user point of view is a major component, not only for its own sake but as a stimulant for the development of clean programming habits.
Recommendations on computer science curriculum for undergraduate degree programs
Authors: Austing Richard , Barnes Bruce , Engel Gerald , Stokes Gordon , Hammer Preston
Published: November 2005

This panel will discuss two recently completed reports of ACM's Curriculum Committee on Computer Science (C
3
S) and two reports currently in progress. One of the completed reports presents recommendations for topics appropriate for the freshman and sophomore years of an undergraduate degree program in computer science; the other one contains a post “Curriculum '68” bibliography of literature on computer science education. The reports still in progress address service courses and identify topics appropriate at the intermediate level of a computer science undergraduate degree program. These reports are part of a projected series of reports intended to update “Curriculum '68”.
Teaching a computer-based college level statistics course in a secondary school
Authors: Wolkov David
Published: November 2005

This paper discusses experiences in utilizing an HP-2000 system as the framework for teaching computer programming and statistics. The statistical approach relies upon the binary model; this model is developed by each student using the random function generator. Although empirically heuristic, such an approach provides a useful intellectual base for developing all other statistical notions more formally. Student experiences in researching the role of computer science and/or statistics in their career choices led three students to select Computer Science as a major at California State University, Northridge.
Becun the educational computer user's network at battelle
Authors: Beerman Thomas H. , Jonesku Gregory S.
Published: November 2005

The Educational Computer User's Network at Battelle represents a unique application of the joint-computer-center concept. The program is unique in two respects. First, it is a cooperative effort between a group of Ohio colleges, secondary schools, and a large research-oriented organization. Second, the entire program has proceeded without any federal or other outside financial support. Both Battelle and the schools have participated by utilizing funds available within their own operating budgets.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the program and some of its results from the viewpoint of Battelle's Computer Center.