bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ULTRASONIC AND ELECTRICAL PRETREATMENTS ON THE DRYING AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF KIWI FRUIT SLICES
Authors: RAYMAN ERGÜN Ahsen , BOZKIR Hamza
Published: May 2021

In this study, the drying characteristics and quality properties of electrical (ET) and ultrasound (US) pre-treated kiwi fruit slices were investigated. Electrical and ultrasound pretreatments were carried out on the parameters of 100 V- 40 sec. and 35 kHz-30 min respectively. After the pretreatments, the kiwi fruit slices were dehydrated using a convective dryer at 50°C and 1.5 m/s air flow rate. The effects of these pretreatments on the drying rate and quality properties (the total phenolic content, vitamin C, pectin contents, rehydration rate, acidity, and color values) were evaluated. Consequently, the US and ET pretreatments provided an increase in the drying rate by 18.34% and 21.65% respectively. The combination of pretreatments (ET+US) increased the drying rate by 35.70%. The ET pretreatment produced minimum changes in the samples' pectin content and color values, and the US application increased the vitamin C, rehydration capacity, and acidity.
A COMPARISON OF SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION METHODS FOR BISPHENOL A IN CHEESE SAMPLES
Authors: KÜREKÇİ Cemil , TAN Sait , ARSLAN Ali , ÖZGEN Sara Betül , SAKİN Fatih
Published: May 2021

In this study, four different solid phase extraction (SPE) methods were compared for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in cheese samples using HPLC-FD. All methods were validated according to the parameters; linearity, recovery, precision, detection and quantification limits (LOD-LOQ). Subsequently, BPA levels were determined in twenty cheese samples commercially available in Elazığ province. All the extraction methods showed good performances for quantitative analysis of PBA, achieving very low LOD (0.16-0.39 µg/kg) and LOQ (0.53-1.30 µg/ kg) values. The average fortification recoveries for spiked BPA (3-30 µg/kg) ranged between 93.1 and 100.8%. 55% of cheese samples had BPA concentration ranging from 0.75 µg/kg to 8.46 µg/kg and estimated daily intake (EDI) was measured as 0,001 µg/kg BW per day. On the basis of EDI, the consumption of cheese itself cannot be considered as significant health problem, but results impose a systematic monitoring of dairy products.
Maternal protein restriction affects fetal ovary development in sheep
Authors: Nwachukwu Chinwe U , Woad Kathryn J , Barnes Nicole , Gardner David S , Robinson Robert S
Published: May 2021

Maternal malnutrition has important developmental consequences for the foetus. Indeed, adverse fetal ovarian development could have lifelong impact, with potentially reduced ovarian reserve and fertility of the offspring. This study investigated the effect of maternal protein restriction on germ cell and blood vessel development in the fetal sheep ovary. Ewes were fed control (n = 7) or low protein (n = 8) diets (17.0 g vs 8.7 g crude protein/MJ metabolizable energy) from conception to day 65 of gestation (gd65). On gd65, fetal ovaries were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analysis to quantify germ cells (OCT4, VASA, DAZL), proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (caspase 3) and vascularisation (CD31). Protein restriction reduced the fetal ovary weight (P < 0.05) but had no effect on fetal weight (P > 0.05). The density of germ cells was unaffected by maternal diet (P > 0.05). In the ovarian cortex, OCT4+ve cells were more abundant than DAZL+ve (P < 0.001) and VASA+ve cells (P < 0.001). The numbers, density and estimated total weight of OCT4, DAZL, and VASA+ve cells within the ovigerous cords were similar in both dietary groups (P > 0.05). Similarly, maternal protein restriction had no effect on germ cell proliferation or apoptotic indices (P > 0.05) and the number, area and perimeter of medullary blood vessels and degree of microvascularisation in the cortex (P > 0.05). In conclusion, maternal protein restriction decreased ovarian weight despite not affecting germ cell developmental progress, proliferation, apoptosis, or ovarian vascularity. This suggests that reduced maternal protein has the potential to regulate ovarian development in the offspring.

Lay summary

Variations in a mother’s diet during pregnancy can influence her offspring’s growth and might cause fertility problems in the offspring in later life. We investigated whether reducing the protein fed to sheep during early pregnancy affects their daughters’ ovaries. We then compared our findings to the offspring of sheep on a complete diet. We measured ovary size and estimated the number of germ cells (cells that become eggs) they contained. We used cell markers to assess potential changes in the pattern of germ cell growth, division, and death, and how the ovarian blood supply had developed. We found that protein restriction reduced ovary size. However, the pattern of germ cell development, growth, or death was not altered by poor diet and blood vessels were also unaffected. This suggests that maternal diet can change ovarian development by an unknown mechanism and might reduce future fertility in their offspring.
An assessment of trade policies related to COVID-19
Authors: Nunes de Faria Rosane , Mercedes Grimaldo Hidalgo Laura , Ferraz Leonardo
Published: May 2021

Amidst the COVID-19 crisis, international trade was particularly important to guarantee the supply of medical and other goods. This article analyses COVID-19 trade-related policies found in the World Trade Organization (WTO) system from February to October 2020. We used the Database of WTO members’ notifications on COVID-19, including information on 198 notifications. It allows us to observe the trend of notifications, countries and products most affected, types of measures, and the adherence to the WTO’s guidelines. Our findings show two waves of notifications. In the first wave, countries acted unilaterally with little regard to multilateral tools. However, in the second wave, characterized by the predominance of trade-facilitating measures, a trend towards multilateral actions is observed through the establishment of “declarations”. Personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical supplies were the most affected products, but agricultural and food products have also been heavily affected.
Comparison study on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of corn stover and its digestate by TG-FTIR
Authors: Zhang Deli , Wang Fang , Yi Weiming , Li Zhihe , Shen Xiuli , Niu Weisheng
Published: May 2021

The pyrolysis potential of corn stover digestate (CSD) was compared with corn stover (CS). The effects of anaerobic digestion (AD) on pyrolysis were investigated at different rates by a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to show the differences in the kinetics. The results indicated that the AD process improved the thermal stability with lower mean reactivity (RM), higher solid residue (S850), and decreased release of observed gaseous productions, except for CH4. The release of CH4 from CSD was higher than that of CS, especially in the temperature range of 430 °C to 520 °C. The activation energies (E) of CS and CSD were 184 kJ/mol to 293 kJ/mol (conversions were 0.1 to 0.8) and 99 kJ/mol to 331 kJ/mol (conversions were 0.1 to 0.9), respectively. The activation energies decreased after AD at the same conversion level. The calculated TG data of CS and CSD from the kinetic parameters were in good agreement with the experimental curves.
Dissolution of organic components of straw by ionic liquid
Authors: Chen Hua , Song Junsheng , Qiu Xufeng , Wo Qizhong , Yao Huabo , Zheng Bingbing , Jiang Liuhao , Sun Jun , Zhang Hong , Pei Hui , Sun Jinmei
Published: May 2021

An ionic liquid was used in this work to dissolve rice straw at 90 °C to explore the dissolution of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in the straw at different treatment times. Compared with traditional methods, the method involved short time and high efficiency. The residual amounts of multiple substances were evaluated at different time periods. The results showed that the dissolution rate of triglyceride fats, water-soluble pectin, and lignin reached their maxima at 10 min, after which the dissolution rates decreased. Because lignin is wrapped as an outer layer surrounding cellulose and becomes dissolved in preference to hemicellulose and cellulose, cellulose and hemicellulose dissolve minimally at the beginning of the reaction, and the dissolution rate is slow. This study showed that there is a certain possibility for the direct utilization of ionic liquids for the treatment of straw biomass.
Resin-impregnated wooden anti-glare board and its outstanding exterior performance
Authors: Yang Wanjia , Liu Jian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Derong , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Shifeng , Han Yanming
Published: May 2021

A large amount of plant waste from the sides of highways is trimmed and burned, which causes environmental pollution. In addition, headlight glare that occurs when two cars pass each other is dangerous. Traditional anti-glare boards are mostly made of metal, plastic, and other materials that easily age and are expensive to recycle. To recycle the plant waste and prevent glare-related accidents, in the present study, a painted wooden anti-glare board (WAB) was developed and its performance was investigated. In the WAB, there are 7 layers of eucalyptus veneers interlaced, and the mechanical strength of the board prepared with a gradient hot-pressing process after impregnation with phenolic resin was good (79.8 MPa). The wind load resistance of the WAB reached 864 N, which meets GB/T 24718 (2009) and is close to that of glass fiber-reinforced plastic anti-glare boards (914 N). After 10 cycles of weather resistance tests comprising submersion, freezing, and hot-drying, the average static bending strength of the WAB was 29.6 N/mm2. The limited oxygen index of the WAB was 26.1%. Therefore, the WAB showed good properties. The implemented research strategy broadens the application range of the wood composite material and endows it with high added value.
Proportions influence of simple shape orbital objects on their aerodynamic characteristics
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine, Pecheritsa L.L. , Smelaya T.G. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

When developing modern and promising aerospace technology models, the relevance of simulation of the flow around apparatuses (spacecraft) of various geometric shapes in a transitional mode corresponding to the flight in the region of the upper layers of the atmosphere and near space is growing. Solving the Boltzmann equation, which most adequately describes this process in the framework of kinetic theory, still remains a difficult task. To solve this equation, the Monte Carlo statistical methods are used quite successfully. An example of such a method is the direct statistical simulation, or, less common but also well-established in rarefied gas dynamics, the test particles method (TPM). The aim of this work is to study the effect of geometric proportions of simply-shaped orbiting objects during uncontrolled descent to dense layers of the atmosphere on their drag coefficients. Such objects may be elements of space debris or spacecraft of appropriate shapes and proportions. The studies were based on the results obtained by numerical simulation of TPMs on uniform rectangular grids. The shape of the orbital objects was set in the form of a circular cone, cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped of various elongations, and spheres. The calculations were carried out in a wide range of attack angles. The characteristic dimensions of the body class in question varied from 2 to 12 meters. According to the standard atmosphere for such characteristic dimensions, the transitional flow regime is realized at altitudes from 90 km to 180 km. It was found that the calculated values of the drag coefficients in the transition regime are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and calculations on the theory of local interaction, and at an altitude of 300 km, they correspond to the control free molecular values obtained by analytical formulas. The dependence of the drag coefficients of the bodies of the considered shapes on the angle of attack and flight altitude was studied. The influence of the choice of the characteristic area on the range of values of the calculation results is shown. The drag coefficient of the considered class of bodies at the entrance to the dense layers of the atmosphere using the TPM was calculated for the first time. Satisfactory agreement of the obtained results with the available experimental and calculated data confirms the effectiveness of the applied method in transition mode. This makes it possible to use it in practical calculations of the parameters of the external environment effect on the spacecraft in the most difficult to study altitude ranges corresponding to the transitional flow regime.
Geospace storm effects on August 5-6, 2019
Authors:   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Luo Y. , Guo Q. ,   Harbin Engineering University, Heilongjiang Province, China, Zheng Y. ,   Qingdao University, Shandong, China, Garmash K.P. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Chernogor L.F. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shulga S.N. ,   V.N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Geospace storms are the synergistically interacting magnetic storms, ionospheric storms, atmospheric storms, and the storms in an electric field of magnetospheric, ionospheric, and atmospheric origins. Geospace storms are very diverse, and no two of them behave exactly the same. Therefore, studying the effects of each new storm becomes an urgent task for us. Such research will reveal both the general laws and individual characteristics of storm processes. The purpose of this paper is to present general information about the geospace storm, the results of the analysis of features of magnetic and ionospheric storms. To analyze the magnetic environment, we used the measurement results of magnetic field fluctuations in the range from 1 s to 1000 s, performed at the Magnetometric Observatory of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, and variations of three components of the geomagnetic field, performed at the Low-frequency observatory of the IRA NASU. We analyzed the ionospheric environment using multi-frequency multi-path measurements performed at Harbin Engineering University (China) and also the data of ionosonde. The main results of the work are as follows. An increase in the main parameters of the solar wind on August 5, 2019, led to a geospace storm, which was mainly observed on August 5 and 6, 2019. The main phase of the magnetic storm took place on August 5, 2019, from 06:00 a.m. to 08:30 a.m. The recovery phase lasted at no less than 4 days. The magnetic storm shows significant variations of all components of the geomagnetic field, and there is an increase by order of magnitude of the oscillations’ level of the geomagnetic field in the range from 400 s to 950 s. During the ionospheric storm, significant disturbances occurred in the F region of the ionosphere. The E-region of the ionosphere remained weakly perturbed. The ionospheric storm has severely affected the Doppler spectra of radio waves in the 5 – 10 MHz frequency range. The Doppler spectra are significantly broadened, and the Doppler frequency shift and its quasi-periodic change with a period of 20–40 minutes and a duration of 120–240 minutes have taken place. The quasi-periodic variations of the Doppler frequency shift are due to quasi-periodic variations in the electron concentration, and the amplitude of their relative perturbations varied from 3% to 16%. On one of these paths, the amplitude of the Doppler frequency shift reached 0.7 Hz. And in this case, the amplitude of the relative perturbations of the electron concentration could reach 80 - 90%. In addition, the ionospheric storm little affected the signal amplitude on most radio paths.
CONTRADICTION TO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. SUPPRESSION AND STIMULATION OF IMMUNE REACTIVITY IN PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Authors: Vladimir M Zemskov  , Andrey M Zemskov  , Victoria Neymann  , Konstantin N Pronko  , Aliexander A Barsukov  , Veronica A Zemskova  , Maria N Kozlova  , Nadezhda S Shishkina  , Valentina S Demidova  , Alekseev Andrey A.
Published: May 2021

The analysis of literature data and our published results of examination of patients with a wide range of pathological processes was carried out. It has been established that polar changes in reactivity provoke the development of immune-dependent ones, which include primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, auto-aggressive and immunocomplex diseases, or immunoassociated purulent-inflammatory, nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases, cerebrovascular diseases,  in which suppression and stimulation of reactivity is a pathogenetic mechanism for normalizing homeostasis, depending on the links of the immune system, doses of antigens, the initial state of protective functions, phases of the immune response, etc.

Keywords: Stimulation. Suppression. Immunodeficiency
Perinatal pregnancy outcomes with uterine scar
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Zhelezov D.N. , Platonova O.M. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The increase in the frequency of surgical interventions on the uterus in women of fertile age caused increasing occurrence of pregnancies with one or more scars on the uterus. Purpose — to evaluate perinatal outcomes in women with a uterine scar. Materials and methods. The study involved 120 pregnant women who had a history of reconstructive surgery. The total sample was divided into the following clinical groups: I (n=70) — women who underwent conservative myomectomy, including 6 12 months before conception (group IA, n=30) and more than 1 year before conception (IB group, n=40); Group II (n=50) — women who underwent a cesarean section. All patients were examined in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 676 dated December 31, 2004 «On the approval of clinical protocols for obstetric and gynecological care» (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Health No. 782 (v0782282-05) dated December 29, 2005, No. 624 (v0624282-08) from 03.11.2008, No. 205 (v0205282-14) from 24.03.2014). Statistical processing was performed using the ANOVA method using post-hoc correction with Bonferoni. The null hypothesis was accepted at p<0.05 Results. When analyzing the results of measuring the main fetometric indicators, it was found that in most cases there were no deviations from the population standard values. Only 7 (5.8%) pregnant women were expecting the birth of children with low birth weight, they had a fetal weight that did not correspond to gestational age (so-called SGA — small for gestational age). There were no cases of perinatal mortality. There were 8 (6.5%) cases of children born with malnutrition. There were 2 children born with asphyxiation (1.6%). There were 5 (4.0%) with respiratory disorders syndrome, 6 (4.8%) with manifestations of conjugational jaundice. 4 (3.2%) cases of morphofunctional immaturity were registered. Perinatal lesion of the central nervous system of hypoxic-ischemic origin was detected in 3 (2.4%) newborns. Conclusions. With the correct choice of tactics for the management of pregnancy and childbirth in women who have undergone surgery on the uterus, the number of perinatal complications does not exceed the general population levels. The incidence of unfavorable perinatal outcomes does not exceed 19.4%. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: uterine scar, pregnancy, childbirth, complications, perinatal outcomes.
Colon epithelial barrier state in children with varios types of ulcerative colitis clinical forms
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Denisova M.F. , Zadorojna T.D. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bukulova N.Y. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Archakova T.M. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O. Lukyanova of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: May 2021

Purpose — analyse the state of the epithelial barrier of the colon in children with different clinical forms. Materials and methods. 42 children with acute chronic colitis were examined, including 28 with ulcerative colitis (14 with active total form, 14 with moderately active segmental); and 14 with chronic non-specific opaque colitis formed a comparison group. Laboratory methods were performed on all patients — hemogram, protein-gram, blood biochemistry, fecal calprotectin concentration; endoscopic examination with biopsy of all colon regions and histological examination of biopts. Results. The clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis (UC) during the acute period were assessed by the Paediatric Activity Index (PUCAI) and depended on the localization and activity of the inflammatory process. The average for active colitis was found to be 50.2±1.8, moderate to 35.3±1.7, minimum to 24.1±1.2, but for children with total active inflammation 19 per cent of patients had the highest rates: 65, which corresponded to clinical signs of ulcerative colitis, accompanied by unidirectional changes of surface (dystrophic changes of epithelium, crypt deformation, reduced number of flax cells) and deep (diffuse inflammatory infiltration of its own plate, presence of crypt abscesses, cryptites, vascular dilation) structures of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, which are more pronounced in the active total forms of ulcerative colitis. The period of UC exacerbation is characterized by the violation of the epithelial barrier mucous membrane colon due to reduced mucus synthesis and changes in its biochemical properties, low secretory (MUC2) and membrane-associated (MUC4) expression Mucins, mainly in the active total forms of UC, loss of the regulatory effect of the club peptide on regeneration and protection of the mucous membrane of the intestine. Conclusions. Studies based on a pathogenetic approach to determining the cause of the exacerbation of the disease have shown evidence of a significant role in the epithelial barrier of the colon membrane, This is a significant addition to the known knowledge of ulcerative colitis pathogenesis in childhood. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Key words: ulcerative colitis, children, epithelial barrier, mucins, clubs.
Seasonal change in growth rate, carrageenan yield and quality from the red alga (Kappaphycus striatus) cultivated in Cam Ranh bay
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Thi Hoa Le
Published: May 2021

The red alga Kappaphycus striatus was cultivated at Camranh Bay, KhanhHoa, Vietnam. For a 30 day cultivation period, the alga showed the higher growth rate (4.1 - 5.8 % day-1) from October 2014 to April 2015 and in September 2015, while the lower growth rate (2.5 - 3.1 % day-1) was found from May to August 2015. The carrageenan quality was done for a 60-day cultivation period, the carrageenan yield and gel strength showed little variation with the higher values (28.1 - 28.7 % and 855 - 935 g cm-2, respectively) obtained from November 2014 to March 2015 and lower ones (25.1 - 26.7 % and 555 - 758 g cm-2, respectively) from April to September 2015. The data on moisture content of alga (33.5 - 36.8 %), clean anhydrous algal/salt ratio (0.92 - 1.07), and carrageenan yield obtained in this study fulfilled those of standards for carrageenophytes. This study shows that the red alga K. striatus can be grown in the tropical waters of the Camranh Bay during the northeast monsoon and a part of the southwest monsoon as a source of materials for carrageenan production.
Genome mining of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. PDH23 isolated from sponge in Da Nang sea for secondary metabolite gene clusters
Authors: Ngoc Giang Le , Thi Hong Minh Le , Thi Quyen Vu , Mai Anh Nguyen , Thi Kim Cuc Nguyen , Thi Thu Huyen Vu
Published: May 2021

The streptomyces is one of the best characterized ubiquitous filamentous bacteria from the actinobacteriaclass. They are known to produce thousands of specialized metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (SMBG). Their SMBG clusters have multiple activities ranging from antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral and probiotic. Streptomyces strain and their isolates with interesting biological activities against gram-positive and gram-negative indicator strains was recently characterised. Currently, they are employed in more than half of all antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. With the increase in drug resistance bacteria, it is important to mine for new natural chemicals.In this study, screening via disk-diffusion agar method revealed that Streptomyces sp. PDH23 isolated from the Rhabdastrellaglobostellata marine sponge sample from Da Nang, Vietnam produce antimicrobial agents with a wide spectrum of activities. This species can produce highly active enzymes, which breakdown celluloses, amyloses and proteins. On top of that they are shown to restrict the grow of the gram positive Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (BC), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (SA), the gram-negativeVibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC17802 (VP) and the Candida albicans ATCC10231 fungus (CA). They are antimethicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) ATCC33591 andmethicillin-resistantS. epidermidis (MRSE) ATCC35984. The taxonomy of PDH23 was characterized using 16S rRNA analysis. Whole genome sequencing of PDH23 showed 8594820 base pairs with GC content of 72.03%. Mining of secondary metabolites reveals gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of known and/or novel secondary metabolites, including different types of terpene, NRPS-like , PKS, PKS-like, hglE-KS, betalactone, melanin, t1pks, t2pks, t3pks, nrps, indole, siderophore, bacteriocin, ectoine, butyrolactone, phenazine.
Assessment of fungi and viruses in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Da Lat, Lam Dong province
Authors: Tung Hoang Thanh , Dac Khai Hoang , Manh Cuong Do , Van Thuc Le , The Bien Le , Viet Long Ho , Tuyet Hanh Vo Ha , Lan Anh Hoang Le , Nhu Mai Nguyen Thi , Minh Nguyet Nguyen Nhu , Thi Hien Vu , Quoc Luan Vu , Khoa Truong Nguyen , Ngoc Trieu Le , Nhu Phuong Hoang Thi , Tan Nhut Duong
Published: May 2021

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), a high economic value crop, was brought to Vietnam by the French in the late 19th century. The artichoke was mainly planted in Lam Dong, Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc provinces, etc. At present, the disease situation of Artichoke plants and the lack of disease-free seedlings result in insufficient source of Artichoke for producers. Artichoke plants are mainly vegetative propagation and pathogens easily transferred from mother to daughter plants. Therefore, low propagation rate and fungal infection are two main factors hindering the expansion and development of Artichoke cultivation (in Lam Dong). Therefore, studying and evaluating the situation of fungi and viruses as well as establishing the in vitro propagation procedures in order to produce high number of disease-free seedlings are urgent for the current Artichoke shortage. In this study, samples of purple and white Artichoke varieties, which suspected fungal manifestations, were collected to assessment of fungi and viruses in artichoke. In addition, in vitro propagation by cultivating apical meristem was applied to produce disease-free seedlings. The recorded results showed that, 19 strains of mold were identified on purple and white Artichoke belonged to nine genera including Mucor (M. sp., M. circinelloides, M. fragilis, M. irregularis, and M. racemosus), Alternaria (Alternaria sp., A. alterinata, A. gaisen, A. tenuissima, and A. tillandsiae), Fusarium (F. acuminatum and F. solani), Cylindrobasidium (Cylindrobasidium sp1 and Cylindrobasidium sp2), Actinomucor elegans, Curvalaria clavata, Plectosphaerella oligotrophica, Phoma herbarum, Rhizomucor variabillis; meanwhile, the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was isolated only purple Artichoke. Shoot explants obtained from apical meristem culture were completely disease-free and used for micropropagation at the next stage.
Berberine encapsulated nanoparticles stimulate osteoblast differentiation in vitro
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thi Hong , Tuan Anh Tran , Thuy Duong Le Thi , Viet Linh Nguyen , Phuong Nguyen Thi Mai
Published: May 2021

Berberine has been known as a traditional component for treatment of intestinal-related diseases in Asian countries. Additionally, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties, which were studied for treating tumor, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cerebral ischemia trauma, and mental disease. Moreover, berberine has been known as an anti-osteoporotic agent by controlling both osteoclast (bone resorption cells) and osteoblast (bone-forming cells) functions. Beside the beneficial effects of berberine, it has some drawbacks that hindered its applications and resulted in low bioavailability. One of the most drawback characteristics of berberine is that it has poor watery solubility. To overcome these limits, nanotechnology has been used as the primary approach to deliver berberine in different nano-formulations. In this study, a novel berberine nanoparticle (nanoberberine, NBB) with good water dispersion was synthesized to enhance its bioavailability. The result showed that NBB was successfully developed in spherical shape and approximately 559 nm of mean size. Besides, in vitro release study revealed that berberine content release from NBB was 3 to 4 times higher than that from free berberine. Moreover, no cytotoxicity was observed for both NBB and berberine on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells at the tested concentrations. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker for osteoblast differentiation process, was significantly higher in NBB compared to free berberine at the same test concentrations. This result indicated that NBB could be a potential biological agent for inducing bone formation. Overall, our data indicated that NBB could improve bioavailability, especially osteogenesis activity in vitro compared to free berberine.
The toxicity of lead to the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus and the water flea Daphnia carinata
Authors: Dang Khoa Dinh Hoang , Hang Pham Thi Thu , Thi Hoanh Pham , Phi Nga Le
Published: May 2021

Sai Gon river is the important source for water supply in Ho Chi Minh City. However, its water quality is degrading gradually due to rapid population growth, increasing of urbanization and industrialization. The river is continuously loaded with xenobiotics released by anthropogenic activities. Among pollutants, heavy metals are considered as the most toxic elements to aquatic living organisms and human health. The aim of this study is to assess the sensibility of freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus and water flea Daphnia carinata, two fresh water species from Viet Nam to lead (Pb). After physical and chemical characterization, field water samples from the upstream of Sai Gon River was used as dilution water in toxicity tests. With water flea D. carinata, the EC50 value of 48h immobilization experiment was 121.64 µg/L for Pb. Growth inhibition of the algae cells was determined following exposure for 96 h, and EC50 values of Pb was 14,767.9 µg/L. The results showed that Pb was highly toxic to D. carinata, and harmful to freshwater algae Scenedesmus. Based on the observed high sensitivity with Pb, D. carinata is a potential bioindicator for the assessment of Pb pollution in Sai Gon river. While lead-tolerance algae Scenedesmus calls for further investigation on metal uptake capacity and utilization in Pb contaminated water treatment
Assessment of gene and protein similarities of Beijing-1 vaccine producing strain with Japanese encephalitis virus strains circulating in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Ly Nguyen , Thi Phuong Lien Huynh , Tuan Dat Do , Kim Bach Nguyen , Hoang Tung Nguyen , Thi Thu Ha , Duy Khang Dinh
Published: May 2021

Since 2006, the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine has been studied and produced by the VABIOTECH company from the Beịing-1 strain on Vero cells. Vaccines produced from the materseed and working seed virus have been evaluated at laboratory and clinical scale in humans. The results showed that the vaccine was safe and created 100% protective antibodies after the booster dose. To officially put this vaccine into production and mass use, the master seed virus BV-MSV-0210 and working seed virus BV-WSV-0310 with the reference standard strain JEV Beijing-Kanonji has been tested for genetic stability. By the method of Sanger sequencing and genetic analysis software, we have evaluated the similarity of nucleotide and proteinsequencesof the E antigen-encoding gene. The results showed that the seed virus similarity of amino acids and nucleotides is 100% compared with the reference strain. Thus, it can be concluded, the seed virus has antigen stability. Nucleotide and amino acid gene sequences of E genomic regions of the two seed lots were compared with virus strains isolated from human, pig and mosquito in Vietnam. The results showed that the nucleotide similarity of seed virus compared with the JEV strains isolated from humans ranged from 86.67 to 97.54%; from pigs is 87.47 to 88.33%, and from mosquitoes is 86.05 to 99%. Meanwhile, the amino acid similarity of the seed virus with the JEV strains isolated from humans ranged from 96.73 to 99.02%; from pigs is 98.00 to98.40% and from mosquitoes 94.55 to 98.40%. The sequence of amino acids in the epitope producing neutralizing antibodies of the seed virus did not differ from that of the JEV strain circulating in humans isolated in 2014.
Molecular evolutionary relationships of Vietnamese and global pulmonary Paragonimus species in the family Paragonimidae and suborder Xiphidiata (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda)
Authors: Khue Nguyen Thi , Linh Pham Thi Khanh , Roan Do Thi , Huong Doan Thi Thanh , Doanh Pham Ngoc , Hoa Le Thanh
Published: May 2021

Paragonimiasis, caused by Paragonimus species belonging to the family Paragonimidae of the suborder Xiphidiata (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda), often occurs in poor, upland, ethnic minorities, in Vietnam and the world. Asian Paragonimus species are distributed from Japan, South Korea, along with North and Southeast China, North-West and Central Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. There are various genetic variants, strains, and genotypes forming different complexes and evolutionary lineages. The 18S, 28S rDNA sequences and the intergenic transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1, ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal transcription units are commonly used as molecular markers in genetic studies and phylogenetic analyses. We obtained a portion of 28S rDNA (domains D1–D3) of Paragonimus spp. including P. heterotremus (from Vietnam), P. ohirai (Japan), P. iloktsuenensis (Japan), and P. westermani (India and Vietnam) and conducted phylogenetic analysis for molecular evolutionary studies. The results showed that the family Paragonimidae formed the biggest cluster in a phylogenetic tree, which comprises of 46 sequences of 11 species belonging to 11 subgroups, among which the P. westermani complex of strains originating from China, Korea, Japan, India, Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam is present. P. westermani complex is arranged in a position of "sister" (sister group) with the subgroup P. siamensis. The P. heterotremus and P. ohirai complexes, and the P. miyazakii, P. harinasutai, P. mexicanus, P. kellicotti, and P. macrorchis complexes are clustered in a common population. P. westermani of Vietnam is in close proximity to the East Asian strains, as of which has been previously reported. P. ohirai and P. iloktsuenensis are considered “sibling” species, sharing the same clade. Phylogenetic analysis using the 28S rDNA sequences directly presented species position and their molecular evolutionary relationships in the families Paragonimidae, Troglotrematidae, Nanophyetidae, and Collyriclidae. Evolutionary analysis has also clarified a number of complex delineation problems and made a clear nomenclature for Paragonimus sp. of Vietnam, in particular, which has scientific grounds merited to recognize as that it is really the P. westermani species.
Production of nanoliposomes with piperine from black pepper (Piper nigrum) and its improved growth inhibitory activity on colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Nhat Minh Le , Thi Minh Anh Tran , Van Loc Tran , Thi Kim Hue Phung , Thi Thao Do
Published: May 2021

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is an autoicous and decorous vine cultivated in many local regions of Gia Lai. Black pepper is one of the most commonly consumed spices, and its pungency is due to the presence of alkaloids, such as piperine. This compound represents diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-larvicidal, pesticide, anti-alzheimer’s activities, etc. However, due to its poor solubility as well as its toxic effects at high use concentration, piperine is still in limit of pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we have used black pepper seed collected at Chu Se - Gia Lai to extract piperine. The compound extracted efficiency was approximately 18% with 96.7% of purity. Based on the obtained pure piperine, the hybrid nanopiperine-CD133 monoclonal antibody (mAb^CD133) complexes were fabricated with the nanoparticle size of about 170 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.23 and the zeta potential of -9.4 mV. The nanocomplex was subjected for growth inhibitory activities against cancer colorectal cells (HT-29 cell line). The results showed that the nanopiperine-mAb^CD133 complex exhibited significant in vitro growth inhibition HT-29 colorectal cancer cells (46.56 ± 2.78%), while the viability of healthy cells remained unaffected (17.77 ± 0.82 %). The nanocomplex could also label 12.17% of HT-29 cells, which was rather higher than 3.83% from mAb^CD133 conjugated phycoerythrin (PE) as positive control. The fabricated nanopiperine-mAb^CD133 complex has proved the enhanced cytotoxic activities against colorectal cancerous cells as well as promising biopharmaceutical potency.
Revisiting status quo bias
Authors: Xiao Qinyu , Lam Choi Shan , Piara Muhrajan , Feldman Gilad
Published: May 2021

Status quo bias refers to people’s general preference to stick to, or continue with, a previously chosen option. In two pre-registered experiments with U.S. participants recruited from the Amazon Mechanical Turk (n1 = 311, n2 = 316), we attempted to replicate four decision scenarios (Question 1, 2, 4, and 6) from Samuelson and Zeckhauser (1988), the seminal article that provided the first experimental demonstration of the status quo bias. We found strong empirical support for the status quo bias in three decision scenarios out of the four, including budget allocation (Scenario 1/Question 1 in the original article), investment portfolios (Scenario 3/Question 2), and college jobs (Scenario 4/Ques- tion 4). However, we failed to find substantial support for the status quo bias in the wagon color choice scenario (Scenario 2/Question 6). We discuss the implications of our results and possible explanations using multiple accounts put forward in the status quo bias literature.
Neue Festlegungen zur theologischen Reflexion von Martinus Vadovius
Authors: Graff Tomasz
Published: May 2021

In dem ersten Teil des Artikels verifiziert der Autor die Liste der theologischen Werke von Martinus Vadovius (ca. 1567–1641) und legt fest, dass ihm nicht die zehn gedruckten Traktate, wie es die bisherige Fachliteratur tat, sondern lediglich vier Traktate zugeschrieben werden können. In dem zweiten Teil des Artikels analysiert der Autor das bisher am wenigsten bekannte Werk von Vadovius Quaestio de Christi Merito aus dem Jahre 1604, das er vollständig im Anhang zitiert.
Ausdrücke elianischer Frömmigkeit der Karmeliten in der Neuzeit
Authors: Sułecki Szymon
Published: May 2021

Der Prophet Elija gilt in der karmelitanischen Tradition für den geistlichen Stifter des Ordens. Seit Beginn, also der Behauptung des Karmelitenordens im 13. Jahrhundert, ist er der geistliche Führer der Karmeliten. Die Frömmigkeit des Ordens, die an Elija gerichtet wurde, intensivierte sich im 17. Jahrhundert auf der Grundlage der historiographischen Werke der Karmeliten sowie deren Kritik durch Bollandisten. Zu Ausdrücken elianischer Tradition gehörten die Elemente des Ordenskleides und des Ordenswappens, die Ikonografie, die Annahme von Ordensnamen, die Literatur und die Liturgie.
Święta Eulalia z Meridy i rozwój jej kultu w świetle średniowiecznych utworów poetyckich
Authors: Małocha Joann
Published: May 2021

Artykuł poświęcony został hiszpańskiej męczennicy z okresu prześladowań Dioklecjana – Eulalii z Meridy, a ściślej zachowanym do dnia dzisiejszego średniowiecznym utworom poetyckim, które postać tę przywołują. Ów zbiór pięciu tekstów źródłowych – tworzony przez fragmenty poematów Wenancjusza Fortunatusa, Aldhelma i Bedy Czcigodnego oraz Kantylenę o św. Eulalii – poddany została analizie pod kątem wykazania rozwoju kultu świętej zarówno w wymiarze terytorialnym, jak i czasowym. Zwrócono przy tym uwagę na wspólne wątki hagiograficzne i ogólnoreligijne obecne w rozważanych źródłach. Dla ułatwienia każdy z tekstów opatrzono także polskim tłumaczeniem. Całość analizy poprzedzona została zarysem dostępnych współcześnie informacji na temat dziejów św. Eulalii.
Między obroną wolności a drogą do rewolucji. Strajk nauczycielski 1937 r.
Authors: Wenklar Michał
Published: May 2021

W marcu 1936 r. ukazał się poświęcony Związkowi Sowieckiemu numer wydawanego przez ZNP czasopisma dla młodzieży „Płomyk". Część ów­czesnej prasy określiła go jako element sowieckiej propagandy. W obronie swojego dobrego imienia wydawcy pisma wytoczyli jednej z gazet proces, który przegrali. Półtora roku później, we wrześniu 1937 r., rząd zawiesił Za­rząd Główny ZNP i wyznaczył kuratora. Jednym z zarzutów, oprócz tych dotyczących nieprawidłowości finansowych, były prokomunistyczne sym­patie polityczne.W odpowiedzi na działania rządu część pracowników Zarządu Głów­nego zorganizowała strajk okupacyjny, wkrótce poparty przez samych na­uczycieli i wiele organizacji związkowych i politycznych. Strajk okazał się zwycięski, najpierw rząd odwołał dotychczasowego i powołał nowego ku­ratora, a następnie zjazd ZNP wyłonił nowy Zarząd Główny, złożony z klu­czowych działaczy sprzed strajku.Dla badaczy bliskich ZNP działania rządu stanowiły zamach na wol­ności związkowe, a strajk miał charakter jedynie obrony wolności i swobód obywatelskich. Można jednak odnaleźć ślady bezpośrednich kontaktów KPP z inicjatorkami strajku i dążeń — przynajmniej niektórych działaczy, jak Wanda Wasilewska i Janina Broniewska — do eskalacji konfliktu i wy­wołania strajku generalnego.
Represje władz komunistycznych wobec radomskiego proboszcza ks. Jana Wiącka
Authors: Stanaszek Bogdan
Published: May 2021

Ks. dr Jan Wiacek (1900-1973) był duchownym diecezji sandomierskiej. Przez 13 lat był proboszczem w Radomiu, a następnie przez kolejne 20 lat w Koprzywnicy koło Sandomierza. Proboszczem parafii Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego w Radomiu-Glinicach został w okresie okupacji niemieckiej latem 1941 r. Po zakończeniu wojny kontynuował budowę tamtejszego kościoła parafialnego. W 1949 r. bp Jan Lorek, ordynariusz diecezji sandomierskiej mianował go proboszczem eksponowanej parafii Opieki Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Radomiu, pełnił także funkcję dziekana. Jego zasługą było spłacenie sporych, przedwojennych długów parafii. Restrykcje ze strony władz państwowych dotknęły go w 1950 r. Początkowo były to sankcje finansowe (niewspółmiernie wysokie podatki). Władze chciały także przymusowo dokwaterować na plebanię dodatkowych lokatorów. Próbowano go zastraszyć, nękano nocnymi telefonami i pogróżkami. Naciskano, by włączył się w działania ruchu tzw. „księży patriotów”, wspierających władze państwowe i występujących z krytyką hierarchii kościelnej. Kiedy stanowczo odmówił, władze państwowe zażądały usunięcia go ze stanowiska. Do tego celu wykorzystano dekret z 9 lutego 1953 r. Bp Lorek bronił ks. Wiącka, kierował odwołania do władz centralnych. Spór trwał osiem miesięcy, a w końcu przymuszony hierarcha udzielił ks. Wiąckowi urlopu. W lutym 1954 r. przeniósł go na probostwo w Koprzywnicy. Mimo podejmowanych starań po odwilży politycznej na przełomie 1956/1957 r. władze państwowe nie dopuściły do jego powrotu do Radomia.
Reforma Zakonu Księży Marianów 1909 roku jako przykład „bezkonfliktowej” reformy
Authors: Artjomovs Dmitrijs
Published: May 2021

Zgromadzenie Księży Marianów Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP na początku XX wieku okazało się na grani wymarcia: w Mariampolu (Litwa) pozostał ostatni członek zgromadzenia o. W. Sękowski. Ks. J. Matulewicz zdecydował się na odnowienie Zgromadzenia, jednak z powodu represji ze strony władz carskich to było niemożliwe zrobić jawnie. Dlatego zaszła konieczność radykalnej reformy zgromadzenia.Autor referatu na podstawie publikowanych dokumentów oraz opracowań, prezentuje przebieg zmian oraz podejmuję próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego te zmiany przeszły bez konfliktów.Pierwszą przyczyną braku konfliktu jest niewielka grupa osób, zaangażowanych w reformę, następnie – dobre rozumienie konieczności tych zmian przez wszystkich zainteresowanych. Kolejną przyczyną jest współpraca zaangażowanych w reformę na zasadzie wzajemnego szacunku i zrozumienia. Na końcu należy zaznaczyć obecność i zaangażowanie w reformę władzy nadrzędnej – Stolicy Apostolskiej.Ponadto, zaprezentowana jest i „druga strona medalu”: działanie tzw., „stanisławitów”, czyli kapłanów, którzy uważali, że nie było żadnej reformy, natomiast to właśnie oni są właściwymi marianami. Oni, oraz kilka późniejszych autorów, są przykładem opóźnionego oporu wobec już dokonanej reformy zgromadzenia. Konflikt ten jednak jest już rozstrzygnięty przez kompetentną władzę kościelną.
Problemy integracyjne ludności napływowej na polskim Górnym Śląsku w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego
Authors: Karabin Joanna
Published: May 2021

Celem publikacji  jest przedstawienie trudności związanych z asymilacją ludności przybywającej z innych regionów kraju, na polski Górny Śląsk w okresie międzywojennym.  Problemy migrantów zaznaczały się niemal na każdej płaszczyźnie życia publicznego, w szczególności ideologicznej, społecznej i państwowej.  Miało to związek z dwoma modelami integracji, występującymi na polskim Górnym Śląsku. Pierwszy, reprezentowany przez element napływowy, kierujący się przede wszystkim racjami ogólnokrajowymi,  kolidował ze schematem uznającym za podmiot wszystkich działań na Górnym Śląsku wyłącznie społeczność autochtoniczną. Owa odmienność znacznie utrudniała  wypracowanie spójnej tożsamości, a co za tym idzie generowała szereg innych antagonizmów, skutkujących atmosferą niechęci lub nawet wrogości; przykładem był długofalowy konflikt pomiędzy nauczycielstwem napływowym a Kościołem katolickim. Jednakże wszelkie niepowodzenia integracji na płaszczyźnie państwowej, rekompensowane były przez sukcesy w dziele integracji społecznej i związanym z nią aspektem demograficznym.