bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual and Community-level Determinants of Stillbirth in Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-level Mixed Effect Poisson Regression Analysis
Authors: Yoseph Amanuel , Simachew Yilkal , Tsegaye Birhanu , Kifle Kibru , Borsamo Asfaw
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Ethiopia is one of just ten nations that currently bear the brunt of more than 65% of the stillbirth rate worldwide. Despite significant efforts by the Ministry of Health, the stillbirth rate has declined slowly, remaining substantially higher than the target. This study analyzed broader regional data on stillbirths revealed critical gaps and contributing factors, informing the effective interventions to improve outcomes.Objective: To assess individual and community-level determinants of stillbirth in southern EthiopiaMethods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from October-November 2022. We included all randomly selected 1,130 women who gave live birth in the last 12 months. A multi-stage sampling method to select eligible women. The data were collected by using interviewer-guided structured questionnaire. After each questionnaire was carefully checked for completeness and validity, data were entered into Epi Data, then imported into SPSS software for analysis. The descriptive statistics and mixed effect-multilevel linear regression were performed. The presence and strength of a statistically significant association were assessed using APRs with 95% CIs. Results: In a multi-level mixed effect negative binomial analysis, women who had faced health problem during pregnancy had a 66% increased likelihood of stillbirth (APR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.11-2.46) as compared to women who did not face health problem, the likelihood of stillbirth was 53% lower among women who had planned pregnancy (APR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.73) than their counterparts, the likelihood of stillbirth was 70% lower for those women who resided in high-literacy communities (APR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.04-0.82) as compared to women who resided in low-literacy communities, one-year increase in women's age at first pregnancy (APR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75-0.94) decreased the likelihood of stillbirth by 16%, and one-child increase in women's childbirths (APR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.21-1.46) led to 33% increase in the likelihood of stillbirth.Conclusions: The women facing health problems during the pregnancy, planning current pregnancy, community literacy, women's age at first pregnancy, and parity were significantly associated with stillbirth. The higher keeping good women’s health status during the pregnancy, planning for pregnancy, raising community literacy, raising the age of women at first pregnancy, and avoiding parity were recommended.
Development of a Wine Yeast Strain Capable of Malolactic Fermentation and Reducing the Ethyl Carbamate Content in Wine
Authors: Vasyagin Egor A. , Urakov Valery N. , Shalamitskiy Maksim Yu , Cherviak Sofia N. , Ivanova Elena V. , Zagoruyko Valentina I. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Rakitin Andrey L. , Mardanova Eugenia S. , Kushnirov Vitaly V. , Ravin Nikolai V. , Mardanov Andrey V.
Published: December 2024

In winemaking, malolactic fermentation (MLF), which converts L-malic acid to L-lactic acid, is often applied after the alcoholic fermentation stage to improve the sensory properties of the wine and its microbiological stability. MLF is usually implemented by lactic acid bacteria, which, however, are sensitive to the conditions of alcoholic fermentation. Therefore, the development of a wine yeast strains capable of both alcoholic fermentation and MLF is an important task. Using genome editing, we engineered a modified variant of the triploid wine yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-328, in which the CAR1 arginase gene was replaced with the malate permease gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the malolactic enzyme gene from Oenococcus oeni. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling confirmed the expression of the introduced genes and revealed a limited effect of the modification on global gene expression. Winemaking experiments show that genome editing did not affect the fermentation activity and the production of ethanol, while the use of the modified strain ensured a tenfold reduction in malate content with the simultaneous formation of lactate. The resulting wines had a softer and more harmonious taste compared to the wine obtained using the parental strain. Inactivation of arginase, which forms urea and L-ornithine through the breakdown of arginine, also led to a twofold decrease in the content of urea and the carcinogenic ethyl carbamate in wine. Thus, the new strain with the replacement of the arginase gene with the MLF gene cassette is promising for use in winemaking.
Evaluation of Pinocembrin Dihydrochalcone Properties for Potential Use as a Biopesticide
Authors: Dziągwa-Becker Magdalena , Oleszek Marta , Ukalska-Jaruga Aleksandra , Kucharski Mariusz , Kozłowska Weronika , Nowak Beata , Zielińska Sylwia
Published: December 2024

The excessive use of synthetic pesticides has not only resulted in increased resistance among weeds and pests, leading to significant economic loss but has also raised serious health and environmental concerns. In line with the European Green Deal 2030, and its Farm to Fork strategy, a 50% reduction of chemical pesticide is aimed by 2030, promoting a transition towards more sustainable, natural alternatives. Chalcones and their derivatives, known for their herbicidal, fungicidal, bactericidal, and antiviral properties, are emerging as promising candidates. These naturally occurring compounds have long been recognized for their beneficial health effects and wide-ranging applications. Dihydrochalcones, a class of secondary metabolites, continue to attract growing interest in both biological and pharmacological fields due to their health-promoting properties, making them potential candidates for further research and development. However, their limited concentration in plants, along with poor solubility and bioavailability, brings challenges for their development. The aim of this study was to provide information on the properties of synthetic substance, namely pinocembrin dihydrochalcone (3-phenyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone) such as soil dissipation and adsorption in the soil and its potential for degradation. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH assay along with reducing power experiments.
Effect of Buffer-Protected Sodium Butyrate in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei Shrimp
Authors: Oliveira Maria Érica Silva , Souza Joice Teixeira , Cunha Ana Elidarly , Silva Vanessa Maria Freitas , Silva Mário Augusto Monteiro , Nomura Varandas Daniela , Vilas Boas Andreia , Louise Toledo Ana , Arturo Schaan Marisela , Sánchez Javier , Saldaña Beatriz , Franco de Oliveira Moacir , Lima Matheus Ramalho de
Published: December 2024

In the field of aquaculture, various studies indicate that the utilization of butyric acid presents multiple advantages, with findings suggesting enhancements in growth rates, reductions in stress levels, improvements in digestive capacity and function, as well as increased survival rates. Con-versely, research involving other organic acids, and their corresponding salts has indicated po-tential negative impacts on Penaeus vannamei. Consequently, this study was conducted to ascer-tain the optimal level of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) in shrimp diets. The experimental design employed was a completely randomized design, comprising treatments with four different levels of PSB (54% sodium butyrate) at 0, 2, 4, and 8 kg/t. PSB was sourced from Novation SL 2002 (Spain, Europe), which contains 54% sodium butyrate protected by a physical and chemical matrix composed of buffer salts. In summary, the supplementation of PSB from post-larvae to grow-out diets of Penaeus vannamei results in significant enhancements in overall health, histo-logical parameters, performance, meat production, and meat quality. Thus, the inclusion of PSB from post-larvae to grow-out diets of *Penaeus vannamei* facilitates substantial improvements in general health, histological parameters, performance, meat production, and meat quality.
Detection of Intracranial Hemorrhage from Computed Tomography Images: The Diagnostic Role and Efficacy of ChatGPT-4o
Authors: Koyun Mustafa , Cevval Zeycan Kubra , Reis Bahadir , Ece Bunyamin
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiological image analysis is rapidly evolving. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in detecting intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) images, along with its ability to classify hemorrhage type, stage, anatomical location, and associated findings. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 240 cases, comprising 120 ICH cases and 120 controls with normal findings. Five consecutive NCCT slices per case were selected by radiologists and analyzed by ChatGPT-4o using a standardized prompt with nine questions. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated by comparing the model’s results with radiologists’ assessments (gold standard). After a two-week interval, the same dataset was re-evaluated to assess intra-observer reliability and consistency. Results: ChatGPT-4o achieved 100% accuracy in identifying imaging modality type. For ICH detection, the model demonstrated 68.3% diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity of 79.2%, specificity of 57.5%, PPV of 65.1%, and NPV of 73.4%. It correctly classified 34.0% of hemorrhage types and 7.3% of localizations. All ICH-positive cases were identified as acute phase (100%). In the second evaluation, diagnostic accuracy improved to 73.3%, with sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 60%. The Cohen’s Kappa coefficient for intraobserver agreement in ICH detection indicated moderate agreement (κ=0.469). Conclusions: ChatGPT-4o shows promise in identifying imaging modalities and ICH presence but demonstrates limitations in localization and hemorrhage type classification. These findings highlight its potential for improvement through targeted training for medical applications.
Youth Unrest in Higher Education Institutions in India: A Comprehensive Research Review
Authors: singh Priyanka , Upadhyay Aishvarya , Aprajita km.
Published: December 2024

Youth unrest in higher education institutions (HEIs) in India has been an ongoing concern, deeply intertwined with societal, economic, and political dynamics. This review explores the historical roots, causes, manifestations, and implications of student unrest, which often arises from issues like governance, socio-economic inequality, discrimination, and political interference. It delves into recent developments such as digital activism and intersectional movements, with a focus on resistance against privatization. While unrest disrupts academic activities, it also drives institutional reforms and enhances democratic engagement. The review calls for more inclusive policies, better governance, and equitable access to education to channel youth energy for positive societal change.
Efficient Tensor Robust Principal Analysis via Right Invertible Matrix Based Tensor Products
Authors: Huang Zhang , Feng Jun , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we extend the definition of tensor products from using invertible transformations to utilising right-invertible matrices, exploring the algebraic properties of these new tensor products. On the basis of this new definition, we define the concepts of tensor rank and tensor nuclear norm and investigate their properties, ensuring consistency with their matrix counterparts. We then derive a singular value thresholding (SVT) formula to approximately solve the subproblems in the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which is a key component of our proposed tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) algorithm. We conduct a complexity analysis of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating its computational efficiency, and apply it to grayscale video denoising and motion detection problems, where it shows significant improvements in efficiency while maintaining a similar level of quality. This work provides a promising approach for handling large-scale data, offering new insights and solutions for advanced data analysis tasks.
Diabetes-Mediated STEAP4 Enhances Retinal Oxidative Stress and Impacts the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Taylor Brooklyn E. , Howell Scott J. , Lee Chieh , Taylor Zakary , Barber Katherine , Taylor Patricia R.
Published: December 2024

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic complication of the microvasculature, and one of the leading causes of acquired vision loss worldwide. Yet, the current treatments for this blinding disease are futile to many diabetics. Accordingly, new biomarkers and therapeutics for diabetic retinopathy is needed. We discovered that STEAP4 (Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 4) is significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetics. STEAP4 expression was gradiently increased from low levels in diabetics without retinopathy to successively higher levels in diabetics with more severe disease. Although the role of STEAP4 in the diabetic retina is unclear, these results provide strong evidence that this metabolic enzyme could be a potential biomarker for diabetic retinopathy progression. Thus, the central goal of this study was to evaluate if this potential biomarker impacts the intrinsic pathologies that lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic mice, STEAP4 was significantly increased and co-localized with 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal in the Müller glia and photoreceptor layers of the retina. STEAP4 inhibition significantly decreased reactive oxygen species in murine photoreceptor cells, human Müller glia, and retinas of diabetic mice. Administering an intravitreal injection of anti-STEAP4 to diabetic mice halted Occludin degradation in the retinal vasculature. Similarly, anti-STEAP4 treatment of human retina endothelial cells halted cell death mediated by diabetic donor sera. Collectively, our findings provide strong evidence that STEAP4 impacts the intrinsic pathologies that initiate the development of diabetic retinopathy. Suggesting that STEAP4 could be a novel biomarker and clinically relevant therapeutic target for this diabetic complication and blinding disease.
Path Planning Algorithm for Manipulators in Complex Scenes Based on Improved RRT*
Authors: Zhang Xiqing , Wang Pengyu , Guo Yongrui , Han Qianqian , Zhang Kuoran
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problems of six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm in three-dimensional multi-obstacle space, such as low sampling efficiency and path search failure, an improved fast extended random tree (RRT*) algorithm for robotic arm path planning method (abbreviated as HP-APF-RRT*) is proposed. The algorithm generates multiple candidate points per iteration, selecting a sampling point probabilistically based on heuristic values, thereby optimizing sampling efficiency and reducing unnecessary nodes. To mitigate increased search times in obstacle-dense areas, an Artificial Potential Field (APF) approach is integrated, establishing gravitational and repulsive fields to guide sampling points around obstacles toward the target. This method enhances path search in complex environments, yielding near-optimal paths. Furthermore, the path is simplified using the triangle inequality, and redundant intermediate nodes are utilized to further refine the path. Finally, the simulation experiment of the improved HP-APF-RRT* is executed on the Matlab and ROS, and the physical experiment is done on the NZ500-500 robotic arm. The effectiveness and superiority of the improved algorithm are deter-mined by comparing it with the existing algorithms.
Research on Steel Production Scheduling Optimization Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Huayu , Chen Yixue , Dang Bo , Jian Xiangzhou
Published: December 2024

Steel production scheduling represents a pivotal aspect of the steel manufacturing process, encompassing the strategic allocation of resources and the optimization of production processes. This directly impacts the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the production process. However, conventional scheduling optimization techniques are ill-equipped to address the intricate nuances of the steel production environment and the deluge of real-time data. In this work, a method of steel production scheduling optimization based on deep reinforcement learning was proposed and subsequently innovated and optimized. The Deep Q Network (DQN) was employed as the fundamental model, with the objective of enhancing the stability and convergence speed of the model. This was achieved through the design of the state space and action space of production scheduling, as well as the incorporation of experience playback and target networks. With regard to model optimization, an adaptive adjustment mechanism of the reward function is proposed, which enables the model to balance the optimization of multiple objectives, such as production efficiency and energy consumption, with greater accuracy. Furthermore, the network structure has been enhanced and a multi-head attention mechanism has been incorporated to augment the model's capacity for scheduling decisions in intricate production scenarios. The optimized model was subjected to experimental verification on an actual steel production dataset, and its performance in terms of scheduling efficiency and resource allocation accuracy was found to be excellent.
Advanced MRI in Movement Disorders: A Promising Tool for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring Disease Progression
Authors: Ortega-Robles Emmanuel , de Celis-Alonso Benito , Cantillo-Negrete Jessica , Carino-Escobar Ruben I. , Arias-Carrión Oscar
Published: December 2024

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are transforming the study of movement disorders, offering unprecedented opportunities for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic evaluation. Emerging modalities such as neuromelanin-sensitive imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and relaxometry provide sensitive biomarkers that can detect early microstructural degeneration, iron deposition, and connectivity disruptions in key regions like the substantia nigra. These techniques enable earlier and more accurate differentiation of movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, Lewy body and frontotemporal dementia, Huntington’s disease and dystonia. Furthermore, MRI provides objective metrics for tracking disease progression and assessing therapeutic efficacy, making it an indispensable tool in clinical trials. By integrating these methods, researchers can enhance the precision of neurodegeneration assessment and facilitate the development of personalized treatments for movement disorders.
Actinomyces Infection in Pregnancy: A Rare and Silent Cause of Preterm Delivery – Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Idaewor Philip , Ozua Peter , Jaiyesimi Rotimi , Al-Zawi Abdalla SAAD Abdalla
Published: December 2024

Intrauterine infection in pregnancy leading to inflammation of the foetal membranes – chorion and amnion (chorioamnionitis) is a leading cause of preterm birth (PTB). It is thought that this process begins with bacterial invasion of the amniotic fluid with progression to involvement of the membrane and possibly choriodecidua. Causative organisms implicated aside from bacteria include viral and fungal pathogens. Amongst the reported bacterial causes of Chorioamnionitis, Actinomyces spp has been rarely reported as a causative agent. Infection with Actinomyces in pregnancy has been noted to result in a high incidence of preterm delivery. It is therefore important that the placenta from preterm delivery is appropriately examined through microbiologic methods and should also be sent for histopathologic examination. Where chorioamnionitis is identified on histopathologic examination, a careful search for the offending organisms should be undertaken. This ensures that an appropriate antibiotic management regime is recommended for the baby and mother.
Perioperative Changes in Renal Resistive Index as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sabia Marie , Isetta Christian , Mehdaoui Hossein , Banydeen Rishika , Durand Nicolas , Licker Marc
Published: December 2024

Background: Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is com-mon and various tools are proposed to identify patients at risk for AKI. Determi-nation of Doppler derived renal resistance index (RRI) is useful to detect the oc-currence of tubular necrosis or allograft rejection. This study questions the value of RRI in identifying CSA-AKI, defined according to the renal risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, end-stage of kidney disease (RIFLE) classification. Methods: We conducted a prospective, unblinded, observational in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Clinical and surgical data were collected from the electronic medical files and the Cleveland score was calculated for each patient. Before surgery and on admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), blood flow in renal cortical or arcuate arteries was measured and RRI was computed. The ca-pability of preoperative serum creatinine, the Cleveland score as well as pre-operative, postoperative and change in RRI in predicting PO-AKI was investigat-ed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). Results: Within the first 5 postoperative days, 31.4 % developed CSA-AKI. All patients with stage 1 AKI recovered normal creatinine levels before ICU dis-charge while those with stage 2 or 3 (AKI 2/3) exhibited persistent changes. To discriminate AKI 2/3, the ROC-AUC was less than 0.7 for both preoperative se-rum creatinine and RRI, 0.879 for the Cleveland score, 0.710 for postoperative RRI. The change between preoperative and postoperative RRI (dRRI) provided a ROC-AUC of 0.825 (sensitivity 72.7% and specificity 96.6%) with an optimal cut-off point at 9.4%. Conclusions Noninvasive determination of RRI is helpful to detect AKI and pro-vides additional information to clinical markers.
The Exposure to a Neuronal Plasticity-Dependent Paradigm and Young-Plasma Treatment Decreases the Progression of Rett Syndrome-Like Phenotype by Preventing Synaptic and Motor Deficit
Authors: Espinoza Sofía , Kerr Bredford , Navia Camila , Torres Rodrigo F , Llontop Nuria , Valladares Veronica , Silva Cristina , Vivero Ariel , Novoa-Padilla Exequiel , Soto-Covasich Jessica , Mella Jessica , Kouro Ricardo , Valdivia Sharin , Perez-Bustamante Marco , Ojeda-Provoste Patricia , Pineda Nancy , Buvinic Sonja , Lee-Liu Dasfne , Henriquez Juan Pablo
Published: December 2024

Classical Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, resulting in a devastating phenotype associated with a lack of gene expression control. Mouse models lacking Mecp2 expression with an RTT-like phenotype have been developed to advance therapeutic alternatives. Environmental enrichment (EE) attenuates RTT symptoms in patients and mouse models. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of EE on RTT have not been fully elucidated. We housed male hemizygous Mecp2-null (Mecp2-/y) and wild-type mice in specially conditioned cages to enhance sensory, cognitive, social, and motor stimulation. EE attenuated the progression of the RTT phenotype by preserving neuronal cytoarchitecture and neural plasticity markers. Furthermore, EE ameliorated defects in neuromuscular junction organization and restored the motor deficit of Mecp2-/y mice. Treatment with plasma from young WT mice was used to assess whether the increased activity could modify plasma components, mimicking the benefits of EE in Mecp2-/y. Plasma treatment attenuated the RTT phenotype by improving neurological markers, suggesting that peripheral signals of mice with normal motor function have the potential to reactivate dormant neurodevelopment in RTT mice. These findings demonstrate how EE and treatment with young plasma ameliorate RTT-like phenotype in mice, opening new therapeutical approaches for RTT patients.
Machine Learning-Based Grading of Engine Health for High-Performance Vehicles
Authors: Amalyan Edgar , Latifi Shahram
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a machine learning-based approach to grade engine health and generate a respective score ranging from 0 to 100 for tuned high-performance vehicles. It integrates the technical intricacies of automotive engineering with machine learning practices in a clear and sequential process. Data is collected from sensors monitoring RPM, boost, rail pressure, timing, and temperature. The data is processed for supervised learning and analyzed using scatter, pair, heatmap, PCA, parallel coordinates, and t-SNE plots. Models are trained, innovatively tuned through hyperparameter optimization, and tested for their ability to grade new data logs. Results highlight K-Neighbors, Extra Trees, and Extreme Gradient Boosting as exceptional regressors for this task, with Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest trailing behind. This automated grading of engine health and performance enhances objectivity and efficiency in the tuning process, and potentially serves as a basis for a digital twin. The developed methodology is discussed in the context of health evaluation for any sensor-based system, with practical applications extending across various domains and industries.
ChatGPT vs. Gemini: Which Provides Better Information on Bladder Cancer?
Authors: Alasker Ahmed , Alshathri Nada , Alsalamah Seham , Almansour Nura , Alsalamah Faris , Alghafees Mohammad , AlKhamees Mohammad , Alsaikhan Bader
Published: December 2024

Background: Bladder cancer, the most common and heterogeneous malignancy of the urinary tract, presents with diverse types and treatment options, making comprehensive patient education essential. As Large Language Models (LLMs) emerge as a promising resource for disseminating medical information, their accuracy and validity compared to traditional methods remain under-explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LLMs in educating the public about bladder cancer. Methods: Frequently asked questions regarding bladder cancer were sourced from reputable educational materials and assessed for accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and consistency by two independent board-certified urologists, with a third resolving any discrepancies. The study utilized a 3-point Likert scale for accuracy, a 5-point Likert scale for comprehensiveness, and the Flesch-Kincaid FK Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) scores to gauge readability. Results: ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Gemini were evaluated on 12 general questions, 6 related to diagnosis, 28 concerning treatment, and 7 focused on prevention. Across all categories, the correct response rate was notably high, with ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 achieving 92.5%, compared to 86.3% for Gemini, with no significant difference in accuracy. However, there was a significant difference in comprehensiveness (p = 0.011) across the models. Overall, a significant difference in performance was observed among the LLMs (p < 0.001), with ChatGPT-4 providing the most college-level responses, though these were the most challenging to read. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study adds value to the applications of AI in bladder cancer education with notable insights on the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and stability of the three LLMs.
The Relevance of Evaluating the Various Accidental Thoracic-Abdominal Outcomes Fundable in a Cardiac Ct with a Narrow-Fov
Authors: Montatore Manuela , Masino Federica , Muscatella Gianmichele , Guglielmi Riccardo , Tupputi Ruggiero , Balbino Marina , Sciacqua Alessio , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

AIM: This retrospective paper showed the importance of detailed radiological reporting when the clinicians examine a cardiac-CT because, especially in these circumstances, the radiologists after the acquisition of the heart, should look at the entire thoracic region, evaluating it with different windows.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, we analyzed 352 patients who underwent cardiac-CT examinations at Hospital “Dimiccoli” Barletta (BT), Italy, from April 2022 to April 2024. The exams were performed with a 64-slice GE CT retrospective ECG-gated with different contrast agents (volume of c.a. about 60mL, velocity of the injection of c.a.: 5.5 mL/s).
RESULT: Among the 352 study populations, we detected 37 patients with an unknown rare incidental finding and 22 patients with prevalent findings. Among the 37 patients, we reported neoplastic lesions in the thorax and in the upper abdomen, lung micronucleus, nodular formation at the myocardium, and the revascularization of the false lumen in an aortic dissection previously treated, a heart-septum incontinence, and an interatrial septal aneurysm. Among the most frequent findings (22 patients), we reported hiatal hernia, hepatic cystic lesions, calculi in the gallbladder, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) signs or pericardial effusion.
CONCLUSION: This article demonstrated that when a cardiac CT is performed in the standard modality, then it is suggested to carefully analyse the mediastinum, the thorax, and the upper abdomen, looking at non-expected findings.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Myxobolus Parasites from Freshwater and Saltwater Fishes in Mwanza and Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mkwama Juliana Lambert , Bakari Gaymary George , Chengula Augustino A. , Mafie Eliakunda Michael
Published: December 2024

Myxobolus species are Myxosporean parasites affecting various fish, causing diseases that weaken populations and result in substantial economic losses in aquaculture and fisheries. Despite extensive studies in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, there is limited research on Myxobolus in Africa, particularly in Tanzania, where fisheries and aquaculture are vital. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Myxobolus parasites in 384 fish samples from Dar es Salaam (Indian Ocean) and Mwanza (Lake Victoria). Samples were examined for cysts and spores using microscopy, followed by molecular characterization through PCR amplification of the 18S rDNA gene, Sanger sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and genetic distance evaluation. The overall prevalence of Myxobolus was 12%, with a significantly higher prevalence in Mwanza (21.88%) compared to Dar es Salaam (6.25%). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between prevalence, fish species, and locality. Phylogenetic analysis identified two genetic lineages within a monophyletic group, clustering with Myxobolus species from Israel, Egypt, and Ghana, suggesting potential novel species. Genetic distance analysis indicated greater variation in saltwater samples compared to freshwater. These findings highlight the higher prevalence of Myxobolus in freshwater and emphasize the need for targeted management strategies, continued surveillance, and research to safeguard fish populations and sustain aquaculture.
Combined Electrophysiology and Functional Ultrasound Imaging: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Bergel Antoine , Pouget Pierre
Published: December 2024

Functional Ultrasound Imaging (fUSi) offers the ability to monitor brain mesoscale hemodynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution (100 micrometers, 200 milliseconds) across a field of view that includes both cortical and subcortical structures. Notably, it can be integrated with cellular resolution techniques such as electrophysiology and optical imaging in freely behaving animals, enabling the study of neurovascular interactions across various brain states and regions within the same subject. The combination of fUSi with electrophysiology has the potential to initiate a paradigm shift in systems neuroscience, contingent upon the reliable establishment of the neural underpinnings of the fUS signal. In this paper, we review the significant milestones in functional ultrasound over the past decade and discuss the opportunities, as well as the technological and conceptual challenges that lie ahead. We also propose future directions for functional ultrasound imaging studies, particularly focusing on freely behaving and head-fixed animals.
LoRaWAN Protocols in IoT: Challenges, Innovations,and Future Directions
Authors: Singh Ripunjay , Jain Samarth
Published: December 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way devices interact, enabling applications in domains such as smart cities, industrial automation, agriculture, and healthcare. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) has emerged as a leading Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocol, offering long-range communication capabilities, energy efficiency, and support for large-scale IoT deployments. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the LoRaWAN protocol, detailing its architecture, technical features, and its role in addressing IoT connectivity challenges. Despite its advantages, LoRaWAN faces significant challenges, including scalability issues, interference in unlicensed frequency bands, energy constraints, and security vulnerabilities. Recent innovations such as adaptive channel management, dynamic power optimization, blockchain-based security enhancements, and advanced scheduling algorithms are explored as solutions to these challenges. The paper also highlights key future research directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence for intelligent resource management, hybrid network approaches for enhanced reliability, and advancements in energy-efficient communication mechanisms. By addressing these areas, LoRaWAN can continue to evolve as a cornerstone technology for future IoT ecosystems.
Exploring Chromosomal Instability and Chromoanagenesis as Engines of Genomic Evolution
Authors: Comaills Valentine , Castellano-Pozo Maikel
Published: December 2024

Advances in sequencing techniques have revealed extreme chromosomal diversity andunderscored the importance of chromoanagenesis in macroevolution, speciation, and the contextof cancer and tumor progression. Evolution is essential for adapting to the environment, preparingfor future pressures, ensuring survival, and generating diversity. Here we discuss some events likechromothripsis and other chromosomal rearrangements, emphasizing their roles as driving forcesin genomic evolution from cancer to speciation.
Effect Of Copper And Magnesium Oxide Nanocomposite In Mcf-7 Cell Line
Authors: Rajesh Thangavel Pichaiappa , M Arun kumar
Published: December 2024

Background: Nanoparticle particle and nanomaterials are increasingly being explored for their potential application in medicine. One of the most promising areas of application is drug delivery, where nanoparticle can be used as carriers to deliver drugs to specific cells or tissues in the body. The cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality and still today there isn’t any promising therapeutics for treating cancer. • Methods: The nanocomposite of copper and magnesium oxide nanoparticle is synthesized from copper sulphate and magnesium sulphate as starting material. Sodium hydroxide act as a reducing and capping agent in the nanoparticle synthesis. After synthesis, the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-spectrophotometer, FT-IR, SEM, DLS and zeta potential. • Results: The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by DLS and SEM analysis. Furthermore, anti-microbial activities were evaluated. The cytotoxicity of the different concertation of the nanocomposite of copper and magnesium oxide nanoparticle is tested against MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: It is concluded that the nanocomposite was synthesized chemically by the sol-gel method. After all the characterization, the nanocomposite was tested for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity study shows better cell cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Further animal studies need to confirm the effectiveness of the nanocomposite.
The Quality Turn of Food Deserts into Food Oases in European Cities: Market Opportunities for Local Producers
Authors: Fernández-Casal Laura , Karakaya Ayalp Emel , Öztürk Sevim Pelin , Navas-Gracia Luis Manuel , Geçer Sargın Feral , Pinedo-Gil Julia
Published: December 2024

The current conventional food system is led by large-scale agribusinesses, characterized by indus-trialized production and increasing distance between food production and consumption. In re-sponse, alternative food initiatives (AFIs) have typically emerged as grassroots initiatives that may not be uniformly distributed or accessible. Food deserts, areas with limited access to healthy and affordable food, are often discussed without considering food quality. Addressing this, this article aims to assess food deserts for healthy, local, and sustainable products in 11 European cities, com-paring conditions before and after implementing food innovative actions focused on shortening food chains during three years of study. The methodology involves locating alternative production and consumption spaces (APS and ACS) and drawing a walking distance around them, identifying densely populated areas outside these radii as food deserts. Results show that implementing AFIs has reduced food deserts in 9 out of 11 cities (average from 10.1% at T0 to 7.4% at Tf), opening new market opportunities for local producers and increasing consumer access to local and sustainable produce. This approach can potentially transform food deserts into food oases, enhancing food security and sustainability.
Aquilombamento curricular: o Nordeste e a luta pelas políticas afirmativas e a redemocratização do país
Authors: Moreira Núbia Regina
Published: December 2024

Os efeitos da política de ações afirmativas são o aumento de pessoas negras nas categorias discente, docente e de servidores nas universidades, bem como a ampliação do currículo com a inserção de novas epistemes e metodologias trazidas de grupos não hegemônicos para este espaço. A discussão incialmente se pautou no levantamento de trabalhos enviados ao GT12 sobre ação afirmativa nas últimas quatro reuniões do Encontro de Pesquisa Educacional do Nordeste (EPEN). O objetivo foi responder à seguinte pergunta: o que as discussões sobre ação afirmativa e, consequentemente, sobre cotas raciais mobilizaram, tencionaram ou friccionaram nas/nos curriculistas do nordeste? Nossa intenção foi buscar as aproximações e os deslocamentos impulsionados pelas agências negras, diante da tentativa de fazer dialogar a teoria curricular com as teorias da desigualdade, que dão materialidade estatística à discussão. Além disso, essa análise permitiu refletir acerca do enraizamento dos efeitos da ação afirmativa nas intencionalidades e nas criações curriculares, com isso, inventar ou inventariar um quilombismo curricular.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DESKTOP APPLICATION FOR E-MAIL MARKETING
Authors: Marusenko Oleksii , Mietielov Volodymyr , Ovsianikov Vladyslav , Ryzhenko Andrii
Published: December 2024

In the context of internet advertising, direct marketing includes several effective tools actively used by professionals. These tools include email marketing, mobile marketing, push notification delivery, and messenger marketing. Email marketing serves as a key tool for direct interaction, offering a method of two-way communication with the aim of building relationships with the client or increasing sales volumes. This communication is facilitated through the sending of emails containing information that is relevant and interesting to the client. The development of a desktop application for email marketing was considered. Special attention in the work is given to automating the mailing process, ensuring messages are delivered to the end recipients without delays or errors. An analysis of existing solutions in the market has been conducted, identifying key requirements for the application's functionality and interface. The developed application demonstrates high efficiency in working with different user groups, providing flexibility in settings, ease of use, and a high level of security for communications. The program allows the user to upload a file with a list of email addresses and additional information (for example, the recipients' full names). The developed application offers the ability to personalize emails using templates and choose a service for sending letters, such as Google (Gmail) or Microsoft (Outlook). Particular attention has been paid to developing algorithms that optimize the email sending process, including smart distribution of emails. The development process includes stages of design, coding, integration with existing mail servers, and subsequent testing of the program. The program, developed based on the .NET 7 platform and the C# programming language, uses WinForms to create a graphical user interface. This Windows operating system application combines the modern capabilities of .NET 7 with the convenience and intuitiveness of graphic interfaces based on WinForms. Testing of the application and analysis of its competitiveness in the software market has been conducted. Testing of the software product includes both automated and manual methods to ensure its reliability and compliance with security requirements. The high reliability of message delivery and adaptability to different usage scenarios underscore the significance of the developed product in the modern digital world, making a substantial contribution to the development of digital communication technologies. An efficient, secure, and user-friendly application has been created, allowing users to effectively manage email marketing, enhancing the quality of communication and interaction with the audience.
HEALTH PROBLEMS IN SELECTED BREEDS OF LARGE DOGS
Authors:   Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland, FELSKA-BŁASZCZYK Lidia , ŁASKA Patrycja ,   Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to analyse selected large dog breeds in terms of the incidence
of their typical diseases. The research part of the study was based on an analysis of questionnaires
carried out among owners and breeders of pedigree dogs and veterinarians. The questionnaires
asked questions concerning, among other things, the choice of a particular breed for breeding and
diseases occurring in dogs. Four large dog breeds were selected for analysis and these were the
German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever and Bernese Mountain Dog. As a result of
the analysis, it can be seen that dog owners are not interested in the health status of a breed before
buying a pet, and the main criterion for choosing a dog was disposition and physical appearance.
Both dog owners and veterinary surgeons indicated that large breed dogs are most commonly
affected by musculoskeletal disorders. The most vulnerable breeds to musculoskeletal injuries or
diseases according to owners were the Golden Retriever and the Bernese Mountain Dog. Accord-
ing to veterinarians, all large and giant dogs are at risk of musculoskeletal health problems, but the
breeds with the highest risk of these diseases are German Shepherds and Bernese Mountain Dogs.
Surveys carried out have shown some inappropriate phenomena – the reluctance of some breeders
to talk about the health problems of the dogs they keep. Therefore, it seems advisable to promote
knowledge of diseases in pedigree dogs, which will allow more thoughtful breeding, if only through
appropriate mating, and consequently increase the comfort of the dogs’ lives.
DETERMINANTS OF FAT CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN MILK OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS. PART 1: EFFECT OF LACTATION PHASE
Authors:   Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland, PRZYBYLSKA Paulina , KUCZAJ Marian ,   Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the lactation phase on the concentration
of fat and fatty acids in the milk of cows of three breeds: Polish Red-White (ZR), Polish Red (RP)
and Polish Holstein-Friesian Red-White (RW). The study was conducted in 17 herds on a total of 473
cows kept in a traditional barn-pasture. The analyses showed that the milk of RP cows from the 3rd
phase of lactation and ZR cows from the 2nd phase of lactation was characterized by the best fatty
acid profile – significantly and highly significantly (p < 0.05, p ≤ 0.01) the highest contents of some
tested monounsaturated MUFA and polyunsaturated PUFA acids and significantly and highly significantly (p < 0.05, p ≤ 0.01) the lowest contents of some tested SFA acids. Milk with the most expected
fat content came from ZR cows from the 1st and 2nd phase of lactation and RW cows from the 1st
phase of lactation. RW cows in the 2nd phase of lactation produced milk with the lowest nutritional
value – significantly and highly significantly (p < 0.05, p ≤ 0.01) the lowest concentration of some
health-promoting MUFA and PUFA acids and significantly and highly significantly (p < 0.05, p ≤ 0.01)
the highest concentration of many saturated SFA acids unfavorable for the consumer’s health. RW
cows in the 3rd phase of lactation produced milk with the highest fat content. The research results
can be used in improving cattle in terms of improving the fatty acid composition of produced milk,
and thus improving its health-promoting values.
MULTI-PROXY PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALEOECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FOREMOST FORMATION (UPPER CRETACEOUS, CAMPANIAN) OF ALBERTA
Authors: Thompson Michael G.W. , Cullen Thomas M. , Evans David C. , Schröder-Adams Claudia , Ryan Michael J.
Published: December 2024

The Foremost Formation of southern Alberta, Canada, is the basal member of the Cretaceous (Campanian) Belly River Group and has been understudied relative to the overlying Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations of this group. Here we describe and analyze the sedimentology, foraminiferal micropaleontology, vertebrate microsite paleoecology, and paleoenvironmental conditions of the Foremost Formation. Outcrop of the Foremost Formation is characterized by estuarine and shallow marine facies that transition upward into coastal/fluvial facies that accumulated during the Claggett marine regression of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). This is consistent with at least two rapid transgressive events driven by local subsidence interrupting the overall regressive phase of the Claggett marine cycle, creating the aggrading profile in the lower portion of the sections measured here, and suggesting that orogenic buildup in the Rocky Mountains and its associated basin subsidence were a controlling factor of local deposition in the WIS. A low abundance, low diversity agglutinated benthic foraminiferal fauna suggests frequently stressed oxygen and salinity conditions in marginal marine environments. Vertebrate microsite faunas display a mixed freshwater to brackish water environmental influence, with an increase in diversity upsection in conjunction with increased freshwater influence. Among dinosaurs, ceratopsids and ankylosaurs experience notable relative abundance decreases through the Foremost Formation and into the lower Oldman Formation, potentially reflecting preference for coastal habitats and/or plant resources relative to other terrestrial herbivores.