bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Reality and Haptic–Based Dental Simulator for Tooth Preparation: Research, Development, and Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Li Yaning , Ye Hongqiang , Wu Siyu , Zhao Xiaohan , Liu Yunsong , Lv Longwei , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: October 2021

Background

Virtual reality (VR) dental simulators are currently used in preclinical skills training. However, with the development of extended reality technologies, the use of mixed reality (MR) has shown significant advantages over VR.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the research and development of a newly developed MR and haptic–based dental simulator for tooth preparation and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of its face validity.

Methods

A prototype of the MR dental simulator for tooth preparation was developed by integrating a head-mounted display (HMD), special force feedback handles, a foot pedal, computer hardware, and software program. We recruited 34 participants and divided them into the Novice group (n=17) and Skilled group (n=17) based on their clinical experience. All participants prepared a maxillary right central incisor for an all-ceramic crown in the dental simulator, completed a questionnaire afterward about their simulation experience, and evaluated hardware and software aspects of the dental simulator.

Results

Of the participants, 74% (25/34) were satisfied with the overall experience of using the Unidental MR Simulator. Approximately 90% (31/34, 91%) agreed that it could stimulate their interest in learning, and 82% (28/34) were willing to use it for skills training in the future. Differences between the 2 study groups in their experience with the HMD (resolution: P=.95; wearing comfort: P=.10), dental instruments (P=.95), force feedback of the tooth (P=.08), simulation of the tooth preparation process (P=.79), overall experience with the simulation (P=.47), and attitude toward the simulator (improves skills: P=.47; suitable for learning: P=.36; willing to use: P=.89; inspiring for learning: P=.63) were not significant. The Novice group was more satisfied with the simulator’s ease of use (P=.04). There were significant positive correlations between the overall experience with the simulation and the HMD’s resolution (P=.03) and simulation of the preparation process (P=.001).

Conclusions

The newly developed Unidental MR Simulator for tooth preparation has good face validity. It can achieve a higher degree of resemblance to the real clinical treatment environment by improving the positional adjustment of the simulated patients, for a better training experience in dental skills.
Immersive Virtual Reality and Vestibular Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report
Authors: García-Muñoz Cristina , Cortés-Vega María-Dolores , Hernández-Rodríguez Juan-Carlos , Fernández-Seguín Lourdes M , Escobio-Prieto Isabel , Casuso-Holgado María Jesús
Published: October 2021

Background

Dizziness and imbalance are common and disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and are caused by a central, peripheral, or mixed vestibulopathy. Central vestibular disorder is the most frequently reported vestibular problem in the MS population due to demyelination. Vestibular rehabilitation ameliorates these symptoms and their repercussions and improves quality of life. Immersive virtual reality (VRi) is an emerging tool in this field; however, no previous research has been performed studying its effects in MS.

Objective

The aim of this study was to apply a VRi vestibular training protocol to a patient with MS and assess the effects induced by the experimental intervention.

Methods

This case study included a 54-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting MS. We developed a standardized VRi exercise protocol for vestibular rehabilitation based on the gold-standard Cawthorne-Cooksey vestibular training protocol. The 20-session intervention was made up of 10 initial sessions and 10 advanced sessions. Each 50-minute session was performed two to three times per week for 7 weeks. Four evaluations were carried out over the study period: at baseline (T0), between initial and advances phases (T1), postintervention (T2), and 1 month after the experimental procedure (T3). The research outcomes were dizziness, balance, gait, impact of fatigue, quality of life, repercussions in muscular tone, and usability of the head-mounted display device.

Results

After implementing the VRi vestibular protocol, improvements were seen in the following patient parameters: Dizziness Handicap Inventory score (62 points at T0; 4 points at T2); Berg Balance Scale score (47 points at T0; 54 points at T2); instrumented Timed Up and Go time (8.35 seconds at T0; 5.57 seconds at T2); muscular tone of the erector spinae, rectus femoris, and soleus; Modified Fatigue Impact Scale score (61 points at T0; 37 points at T2); and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 values (67.16% in the physical health area at T2; 33.56% in the mental health area at T2). The patient rated the usability of the system as 90%, based on the System Usability Scale, and gave the system a grade of A.

Conclusions

Although further research is needed, this study provided initial evidence that the first VRi vestibular protocol for the MS population can improve dizziness, balance, gait, impact of fatigue, quality of life, and muscular tone through an exergame intervention. This study may help establish a standardized VRi protocol for vestibular rehabilitation.
Exploring Middle School Students’ Perspectives on Using Serious Games for Cancer Prevention Education: Focus Group Study
Authors: Abraham Olufunmilola , Szela Lisa , Khan Mahnoor , Geddam Amrita
Published: October 2021

Background

Cancer in the United States is a leading cause of mortality. Educating adolescents about cancer risks can improve awareness and introduce healthy lifestyle habits. Public health efforts have made significant progress in easing the burden of cancer through the promotion of early screening and healthy lifestyle advocacy. However, there are limited interventions that educate the adolescent population about cancer prevention. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of serious games (SGs) to teach adolescents about healthy lifestyle choices, but few research efforts have examined the utility of using SGs to educate youth specifically on cancer prevention.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate middle school students’ preferences for the use of SGs for cancer prevention education. The study also characterized the students’ perceptions of desired game design features for a cancer prevention SG.

Methods

Focus groups were held to allow adolescents to review a game playbook and discuss gaming behaviors and preferences for an SG for cancer education. The game playbook was developed based on “Cancer, Clear & Simple,” a curriculum intended to educate individuals about cancer, prevention, self-care, screening, and detection. In the game, the player learns that they have cancer and is given the opportunity to go back in time to reduce their cancer risk. A focus group discussion guide was developed and consisted of questions about aspects of the playbook and the participants’ gaming experience. The participants were eligible if they were 12 to 14 years old, could speak and understand English, and had parents who could read English or Spanish. Each focus group consisted of 5 to 10 persons. The focus groups were audio recorded and professionally transcribed; they were then analyzed content-wise and thematically by 2 study team members. Intercoder reliability (kappa coefficient) among the coders was reported as 0.97. The prevalent codes were identified and categorized into themes and subthemes.

Results

A total of 18 focus groups were held with 139 participants from a Wisconsin middle school. Most participants had at least “some” gaming experience. Three major themes were identified, which were educational video games, game content, and purpose of game. The participants preferred customizable characters and realistic story lines that allowed players to make choices that affect the characters’ outcomes. Middle school students also preferred SGs over other educational methods such as lectures, books, videos, and websites. The participants desired SGs to be available across multiple platforms and suggested the use of SGs for cancer education in their school.

Conclusions

Older children and adolescents consider SGs to be an entertaining tool to learn about cancer prevention and risk factors. Their design preferences should be considered to create a cancer education SG that is acceptable and engaging for youth.
Performance of Artificial Intelligence Imaging Models in Detecting Dermatological Manifestations in Higher Fitzpatrick Skin Color Classifications
Authors: Aggarwal Pushkar
Published: October 2021

Background

The performance of deep-learning image recognition models is below par when applied to images with Fitzpatrick classification skin types 4 and 5.

Objective

The objective of this research was to assess whether image recognition models perform differently when differentiating between dermatological diseases in individuals with darker skin color (Fitzpatrick skin types 4 and 5) than when differentiating between the same dermatological diseases in Caucasians (Fitzpatrick skin types 1, 2, and 3) when both models are trained on the same number of images.

Methods

Two image recognition models were trained, validated, and tested. The goal of each model was to differentiate between melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Open-source images of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma were acquired from the Hellenic Dermatological Atlas, the Dermatology Atlas, the Interactive Dermatology Atlas, and DermNet NZ.

Results

The image recognition models trained and validated on images with light skin color had higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score than the image recognition models trained and validated on images of skin of color for differentiation between melanoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

A higher number of images of dermatological diseases in individuals with darker skin color than images of dermatological diseases in individuals with light skin color would need to be gathered for artificial intelligence models to perform equally well.
Measuring the Time to Deterioration for Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Using a Web-Based Monitoring Application: Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Brusniak Katharina , Feisst Manuel , Sebesteny Linda , Hartkopf Andreas , Graf Joachim , Engler Tobias , Schneeweiss Andreas , Wallwiener Markus , Deutsch Thomas Maximilian
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is used to evaluate the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In a long-term therapy setting, HRQoL can be used as an important benchmark for treatment success. With the help of digital apps, HRQoL monitoring can be extended to more remote areas and be administered on a more frequent basis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate 3 common HRQoL questionnaires in metastasized breast cancer in terms of TTD in a digital, web-based setting. We further aim to examine the development of the HRQoL in different systemic treatment groups in each of these evaluation instruments.

METHODS

A total of 192 patients with metastatic breast cancer were analyzed in this bicentric prospective online cohort study at two German university hospitals. Patients completed questionnaires on HRQoL (EuroQol Visual Analog Scale [EQ-VAS], EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level [EQ-5D-5L], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Core 30 item [EORTC QLQ-C30]) via an online platform over a 6-month period. Treatment schedules and medical history were retrieved from medical records. Unadjusted Cox regression analysis on treatment-related factors was performed. We conducted subgroup analyses in regard to TTD events between different treatments.

RESULTS

The EQ-VAS showed a higher rate of deterioration after 8 weeks (84/179, 46.9%) than the EQ-5D-5L (47/163, 28.8%) and EORTC QLQ-C30 (65/176, 36.9%). Unadjusted Cox regression revealed significant connections between known metastases in the liver (P=.03, HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06-2.52) and pleura (P=.04, HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.96) in the EQ-VAS. Significant relations between EQ-VAS events and single EQ-5D-5L items and the EQ-5D-5L summary score were demonstrated. All treatment groups significantly differed from the CDK4/6 inhibition subgroup in the EQ-VAS.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to the EQ-5D-5L and QLQ-C30, the EQ-VAS showed a higher rate of deterioration after 8 weeks. Significant connections to certain metastatic locations were only detected in the EQ-VAS. The EQ-VAS is capable of reflecting the distinctive HRQoL profiles of different systemic treatments as well as the different aspects of HRQoL presented in the EQ-5D-5L. TTD with the EQ-VAS is an adequate mean of examining longitudinal development of HRQoL among breast cancer patients.
An mHealth App to Support Fertility Patients Navigating the World of Infertility (Infotility): Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kruglova Katya , O'Connell Siobhan Bernadette Laura , Dawadi Shrinkhala , Gelgoot Eden Noah , Miner Skye A , Robins Stephanie , Schinazi Joy , Zelkowitz Phyllis
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

The experience of infertility and its treatment engenders considerable stress and is often described as an emotional rollercoaster. A mobile health (mHealth) app may be a novel solution to address the psychoeducational and psychosocial support needs of fertility patients because of its potential to reduce stress and increase patient empowerment. There are a few fertility-related apps that provide information and support to both men and women undergoing fertility treatment; however, none have documented their development and evaluation process.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe the development and evaluation process of a bilingual mHealth app, Infotility, designed to meet the psychoeducational and psychosocial support needs of men and women undergoing fertility treatment.

METHODS

To develop the Infotility app, we adhered to the Medical Research Council guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. First, we conducted literature reviews and needs assessment surveys of fertility patients and health care providers who informed the content and design of the app. Second, we tested the intervention with a small group of end users who provided feedback on the design and appropriateness of the app’s content. Third, we evaluated the uptake and usability of the app using a pre-post study design. Finally, we updated the app’s content based on participants’ feedback and searched for partners to disseminate the app to the broader public.

RESULTS

This study is the first to describe the development and evaluation process of an mHealth app for men and women undergoing fertility treatment. The app met its goal in providing fertility patients with a clinician-approved, portable resource for reliable information about medical and psychosocial aspects of infertility and its treatments and a confidential peer support forum monitored by trained peer supporters. Participants rated the engagement, functionality, information, and esthetics of the app positively, with an overall app quality mean score of 3.75 (SD 0.53) and a star rating of 3.43 (SD 0.75), with a total possible score and star rating of 5.00.

CONCLUSIONS

By documenting the systematic development and evaluation of the mHealth app for men and women undergoing fertility treatment, this paper can facilitate the replication of the study intervention and the development of similar mHealth apps.
Development and Actionability of the Dutch COVID-19 Dashboard: Descriptive Assessment and Expert Appraisal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bos Véronique L L C , Jansen Tessa , Klazinga Niek S , Kringos Dionne S
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Web-based public reporting by means of dashboards has become an essential tool for governments worldwide to monitor COVID-19 information and communicate it to the public. The actionability of such dashboards is determined by their fitness for purpose—meeting a specific information need—and fitness for use—placing the right information into the right hands at the right time and in a manner that can be understood.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify specific areas where the actionability of the Dutch government’s COVID-19 dashboard could be improved, with the ultimate goal of enhancing public understanding of the pandemic.

METHODS

The study was conducted from February 2020 to April 2021. A mixed methods approach was carried out, using (1) a descriptive checklist over time to monitor changes made to the dashboard, (2) an actionability scoring of the dashboard to pinpoint areas for improvement, and (3) a reflection meeting with the dashboard development team to contextualize findings and discuss areas for improvement.

RESULTS

The dashboard predominantly showed epidemiological information on COVID-19. It had been developed and adapted by adding more in-depth indicators, more geographic disaggregation options, and new indicator themes. It also changed in target audience from policy makers to the general public; thus, a homepage was added with the most important information, using news-like items to explain the provided indicators and conducting research to enhance public understanding of the dashboard. However, disaggregation options such as sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity and indicators on dual-track health system management and social and economic impact that have proven to give important insights in other countries are missing from the Dutch COVID-19 dashboard, limiting its actionability.

CONCLUSIONS

The Dutch COVID-19 dashboard developed over time its fitness for purpose and use in terms of providing epidemiological information to the general public as a target audience. However, to strengthen the Dutch health system’s ability to cope with upcoming phases of the COVID-19 pandemic or future public health emergencies, we advise (1) establishing timely indicators relating to health system capacity, (2) including relevant data disaggregation options (eg, sex, socioeconomic status), and (3) enabling interoperability between social, health, and economic data sources.
Development of A User-Driven, Web-Based Dashboard Leveraging COVID-19 Mathematical Models for Rapid Decision Support – A Case Study in Malawi (Preprint)
Authors: Macheca Monica , Morgan Cassie , Moszczynski Michael , Ramalho Edneide , Albuquerque Jones , Asbah Samer , Klyn Brandon , Foutry Guillaume , Ndira Simon , Monawe Maganizo , Likaka Andrew , Damte Tedla , Namibar Bejoy , Smith Tyler , Green Dylan
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 transmission has been instrumental in the global pandemic, particularly to governments in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where empirical data and active surveillance is limited. Simulations can be used to understand disease trajectory and impacts of policy options at little additional cost. We describe an automated, open-source, and web-based dashboard designed to empower Malawi government officials to understand the ramifications of certain policy interventions from a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission. The dynamic dashboard allows policymakers to simulate scenarios of various COVID responses by allowing them to manipulate model inputs like percentage of population using cloth masks, percentage of population abiding by physical distancing recommendations, and the length of both these interventions in days. The dashboard’s outputs include COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, and deaths based on the user-defined parameters and level of interest for the data (i.e., administrative levels like traditional authority-, district-, or national-level). It also compares the outputs from the user-defined simulation with a baseline scenario that conservatively estimates 15% of the population masking and 8% abiding by physical distancing guidelines. Our dynamic dashboard not only generates pertinent outputs to formulating a pandemic policy response, but it also offers an intuitive, streamlined, and real-time user experience to policymakers who may lack backgrounds in epidemiology and programming. LMICs should continue to invest in their country’s data collection, digital infrastructures, and technical training for key stakeholders to support widespread use of these evidence-based, decision-support tools in the future.
A Review on Expired Drug-Based Corrosion Inhibitors: Chemical Composition, Structural Effects, Inhibition Mechanism, Current Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Baari Muhamad Jalil , Sabandar Carla Wulandari
Published: October 2021

This comprehensive review highlighted how the expired drugs manage corrosion reactions on metal/alloy surfaces, especially types of carbon/mild steel, Sabic iron, copper, and aluminium in NaCl or acid solution. Several types of expired drugs and the optimum conditions presented in this review were summarized from relevant studies. The performance of expired drugs which covers inhibition efficiency, inhibition mechanisms, and metal surface analysis was informed. The contribution of the chemical composition, molecular structure, compatible treatment conditions, and some corrosion analysis methods were mentioned. Current challenges and future prospects were also discussed for further investigations and developments to obtain superior inhibitors and save the environment.
Kinetic Study of Biogas Production from Animal Manure and Organic Waste in Semarang City by Using Anaerobic Digestion Method
Authors: Arifan Fahmi , Abdullah Abdullah , Sumardiono Siswo
Published: October 2021

The biogas fermentation from animal manure and organic waste was investigated with a comparison percentage of raw material used inside the digester with the anaerobic digestion process. Animal manure consists of cow dung and chicken manure, while organic waste consists of tofu liquid waste and cabbage waste. This study used a batch process that was operated at 55 °C incubator temperature for 90 days. The results of experimental data were predicted with a modified Gompertz model and first-order kinetic model. The equation of the modified Gompertz model to predict biogas production was  with  is cumulative production of methane; P∞ = methane production potential; Rm = maximum specific speed methane production; λ = is lag phase period or minimum time to produce biogas; e = math constant (2.7182) and t = biogas production cumulative time. The equation first-order kinetic model was Y = Ym (1-exp(-k). The highest biogas yield was obtained by variable 3 in both kinetic studies compared to 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste. Gompertz's kinetic study predicted variable three would produce 3273.20 mL/g of total solid (TS). In comparison, the first-order kinetic model predicted that variable three would produce 3517.95 mL/(g Ts).
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermogravimetric Study of Some Metal Complexes of Selenazone Ligand Nanoparticles Analogue of Dithizone
Authors: Abdulnabi Zuhair Ali , Al-doghachi Faris Abdulridhah Jassim , Abdulsahib Hassan Thamir
Published: October 2021

A new method for preparing 1,5-diphenylselenocarbazone (selenazone) nanoparticles and their complexes with Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ has been performed using hot methanol solvent. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), EI-mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), HG and flame-atomic absorption spectrophotometer, thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and molar conductance measurements. The molar conductance measurements in all complexes were recorded low values in DMSO, indicating that all the metal complexes were non-electrolytes except the nickel complex that possessed an electrolytic nature. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of complexes (A, E, ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G) have been computed using three kinetic models of Coast-Redfern, Broido, and Horowitz-Metzger, that illustrated the decomposition reactions in all steps were nonspontaneous. Thermogravimetric analyses (TG/DTA) were consistent with the atomic spectroscopy data proving that the geometry shape of all the complexes was octahedral.
Solubility and Partition Coefficient of Salicylamide in Various pH Buffer Solutions
Authors: Isadiartuti Dewi , Rosita Noorma , Hendradi Esti , Putri Firdausiah Fania Dwi Putri , Magdalena Frida
Published: October 2021

The solubility and partition coefficient are essential physicochemical parameters in developing a pharmaceutical dosage form of medicine. In addition, these parameters help to predict the absorption of an active compound in oral or topical dosage forms. Salicylamide, an active ingredient available in oral and topical dosage forms, is a weak acid (pKa 8.2) and is sparingly soluble in water. Meanwhile, its solubility and partition coefficients are influenced by the pH of the environment. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to predict solubility-pH and partition-pH profiles at various pH solutions. This study aims to determine salicylamide's solubility and partition coefficient in various pH (2–11). Both tests were carried out in various pH buffer solutions (at a concentration of 0.02 M and 0.2 ionic strength) in a water bath shaker at a temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C. In addition, the salicylamide content was determined using the UV spectrophotometer method at the maximum wavelength at each pH. The results showed that the solubility increased at pH 2–10, while the partition coefficient value decreased. On the other hand, at pH 11, there was an increase in the number of ionized species, but the solubility decreased.
Sulitnya Regenerasi Petani pada Kelompok Generasi Muda
Authors: Saleh Rahmat , Oktafiani Irin , Sitohang Marya Yenita
Published: October 2021

Youth generation in the agrarian sector is needed to maintain food production and the possibility of discovering or developing new technologies. This article aims to describe the development of studies on farm children's existence, especially in Indonesia, and why many have decided not to become farmers. This article uses a qualitative research approach based on digital methods. Data were obtained through a literature review of 42 journal articles from previous research regarding children and young people in farming families. All data collected was processed using NVivo software. The findings of this study indicate that farmer regeneration in Indonesia faced various complex problems. Children's education factors, including dropping out of school, access to limited land, poverty, and migration activities, dominate the difficulty of regenerating farmers in farming families. This article also shows the need for intervention from various parties to support increased food security.
Hatsune Miku, Virtual Idols, and Transforming the Popular Music Experience
Authors: Anderson Natasha
Published: October 2021

This essay aims to discuss the various ways that virtual idols have transformed music production, consumption, and performance in our digital society. Vocal synthesisers like Vocaloid have given amateur musicians accessibility into the industry, pushing the limits of vocal capability and preservation, and resulting in a worldwide fandom which utilises Vocaloid characters in diverse ways. Virtual idols bear resemblance to real-life Japanese idols, yet they manage to circumvent the often-strict lifestyles idols face while also playing into tropes surrounding otaku culture. It concludes by discussing how the experience and liveness of music concerts changes with virtual performers, and how virtual concerts have continued live music performance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ecología y evolución de enfermedades emergentes en anfibios: una revisión de ranavirus y quitridiomicosis
Authors: Basanta María Delia
Published: October 2021

Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son una de las principales causas en el declive de especies de anfibios a nivel global. Estas enfermedades son causadas por patógenos que pueden ampliar rápidamente su rango geográfico y de hospedadores, convirtiéndose en epidémicas. Enfermedades emergentes de anfibios como ranavirus y quitridiomicosis, han ocasionado grandes declives en poblaciones del mundo, donde factores ecológicos y evolutivos están implicados tanto en su emergencia como en la variación en la susceptibilidad de las especies.  En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las enfermedades ranavirus y quitridiomicosis, en relación a los factores ecológicos y evolutivos que caracterizan a estas infecciones, sus efectos sobre las poblaciones de anfibios a nivel mundial, y la posible aplicación de medidas de prevención y conservación.
Numerical simulation of a squirrel cage motor including magnetic wedges and radial vents
Authors: Aragón Verduzco David Antonio , Escarela Pérez Rafael , Olivares Galván Juan Carlos , Campero Littlewood Eduardo , Maximov Serguei , Hernández Ávila José Luis
Published: October 2021

This work is a proposal of a finite element model to obtain the electromagnetic performance of a squirrel cage motor considering the magnetic wedges and radial vents. To analyze the electromagnetic performance at the design stage, without the need to build a prototype, the paper proposes a simple two dimensions finite element model, which includes components as magnetic wedges used to hold the windings in the stator slots, radial vents in the core, which are part of motor cooling system, and edge effects to improve the model. The stator and rotor cores are modeled with an equivalent homogeneous permeability, obtained from the combination of the radial air vents of rotor and stator and the magnetic core material. The permeability of magnetic wedges is also considered. Edge effects considered are the end winding leakage inductance, representing the leakage flux in the end coils of the stator, and an equivalent impedance between rotor bars due to conductivity and leakage flux in the rings of the squirrel cage. The results obtained are compared with experimental tests performed in steady state to validate the model. Furthermore, no-load, and blocked-rotor tests are simulated to estimate the equivalent circuit parameters and draw the typical induction motor torque-speed curve, which is compared with the obtained curve by means of Thevenin’s theorem. With this proposed model, the results are close to the ones obtained experimentally. The implementation of a 3D model is complex, and the computational cost can be much higher, compared to the 2D model developed here.
Архитектура Минска ХХ – начала XXI века: время, общество, стиль
Authors: Сардаров Армен
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящается развитию стилевых особенностей столицы Беларуси – Минска – на протяжении последних 120 лет. Прослеживаются связи между сменами архитектурных стилей (от византийско-русского до постмодернистского) в связи с социально-экономическими и культурными изменениями в обществе. Опираясь на пространственно-временную концепцию архитектуры как систему организации среды жизнедеятельности человека, автор выделяет стилевые особенности архитектурной среды в качестве характерных признаков и примет духовного состояния общества.
Влияние работы энергопотребителей при возведении малоэтажных жилых зданий на состояние окружающей среды
Authors: Король Елена , Журавлева Анастасия
Published: October 2021

На основании анализа структуры энергетических затрат при возведении малоэтажных жилых зданий со стенами из кирпича, керамзитобетонных блоков, несъёмной пенополистирольной опалубки и SIP-панелей установлены две основ­ные группы потребителей - машины и механизмы и инфра­структура строительной площадки. Декомпозиция расхода топливно-энергетических ресурсов (ТЭР) на строительной площадке для каждого из приведённых выше конструктивно­технологических решений малоэтажных зданий позволила получить потребление электроэнергии (в кВт) и жидкого топлива (в литрах). Посредством приведения различных количественных значений энергозатрат к универсальной единице - килограмму условного топлива, был осуществлён сравнительный анализ общего (суммарного) энергопотребле­ния строительной площадки.

Поскольку при возведении зданий работа энергопотребителей неразрывно связана с характерными выбросами вредных веществ в окружающую среду, были рассчитаны их количественные и качественные показатели. Они исполь­зованы для сравнительной оценки состояния окружающей среды при возведении малоэтажных жилых зданий различных конструктивно-технологических систем.
Экосистемы градостроительства в постсоциалистическом контексте. Часть 1. Бывшие советские республики: между "архитектурой" и "планировкой"
Authors: Жеблиенок Наталья
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена процессам формирования профес­сиональной культуры и системы ценностей в области градостроительства в постсоциалистических странах. Исследование сосредоточено на мотивах и инструментах, посредством которых развиваются национальные инсти­туты профессионального градостроительства. Отношение к социалистическому прошлому предопределяет степень влияния общеевропейских моделей на развитие всей отрасли: нейтральные оценки (Словакия, Сербия) способствуют поступательному линейному развитию систем образования и деятельности. Критическое отношение к социалистическому этапу (Эстония, Польша, Литва, Латвия) обуславливает повышенное внимание к компен­сационным действиям: усилению практики соучастия, развитию социальной составляющей в исследованиях, постепенный переход от архитектурной модели профес­сионального образования к внеархитектурным. Позитив­ное отношение к социалистической парадигме (Молдова, Белоруссия, Армения) служит причиной усиления позиций архитектурной модели в профессиональном образовании градостроителей, поддерживает сложившуюся систему профессиональных ценностей, основанную на творческом подходе к градостроительной деятельности. Посредством сравнительного анализа образовательных программ, про­фессиональных стандартов, законодательных инициатив, должностных классификаторов выделено четыре «модели специалиста», характерные для различных национальных институтов профессионального градостроительства («ар­хитектор-планировщик», «градостроитель», «градострои­тель со специализацией» или «профессионал с градостро­ительной специализацией»), описаны соответствующие этим моделям сценарии развития градостроительной отрасли. Выявлен ряд тенденций, свидетельствующих, что профессионально-отраслевая трактовка градостро­ительства сменяется эко-системным подходом, особое значение приобретает культурная составляющая со­временного градостроительства; вызовы, которые стоят перед национальными институтами всё меньше касаются их роста и соответствия условным «мировым стандартам» и всё более - трансформациям и гибкости.
Основы мониторинга строительных объектов в период эксплуатации с использованием анализа изменения их динамических параметров
Authors: Гурьев Владимир , Дорофеев Владимир , Лысов Дмитрий , Акбиев Рустам
Published: October 2021

Работа посвящена проблемам контроля технического со­стояния зданий и сооружений в период эксплуатации. Теоретические основы такого контроля базируются на анализе изменения динамических характеристик объектов, вызываемых соответствующим изменением их технического состояния. Рас­смотрены возможности анализа изменения периода и декремента основного тона собственных колебаний зданий и сооружений или их конструктивных элементов, в том числе и в соответствии с действующей нормативной базой по этому вопросу. Представ­лены практические результаты по точности определения этих динамических параметров зданий и сооружений. Приведены результаты разработки специальных способов контроля техни­ческого состояния конструкций высотных и большепролётных зданий и сооружений, основанных на анализе изменения пере­даточных функций для динамических сигналов прошедших через заданный объём их конструкций. При этом рассмотрены случаи как задания динамических воздействий в виде широкополосно­го импульса, так и задания воздействий в виде гармонических колебаний. Приведены примеры возможности контроля техни­ческого состояния отдельных конструктивных элементов зданий и сооружений на основе анализа изменения их динамических параметров. Отмечено, что представленные способы контроля технического состояния зданий и сооружений положены в основу как нормативных документов по такому контролю, так и в основу разработанных стационарных систем (станций) мониторинга технического состояния зданий и сооружений. Предложено рассмотренные теоретические основы контроля технического состояния зданий и сооружений использовать для цифровой трансформации национальной системы мониторинга состояния и безопасности строительных объектов в период эксплуатации.
MODELING OF THE SUBWAY DYNAMIC INFLUANCE ON THE GROUND STRUCTURE
Authors: Barabash Maria , Pysarevskiy Bogdan
Published: October 2021

The article discusses a new approach to modeling the behavior of structures under the influence of dynamic loads, including loads from ground and underground transport. The approach is to apply the direct integration method, as well as the SBFEM method to calculate the forces in load-bearing building structures under dynamic influences, taking into account a number of factors - the damping properties of the subgrade, physical nonlinearity of soils and the passage of waves in the soil space. The article presents the main theoretical premises, the results of a numerical experiment of a real monolithic building, built in the zone of influence of the subway.
COMPARISON OF DETERMINATION OF SNOW LOADS FOR ROOFS IN BUILDING CODES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES
Authors: Belostotsky Alexander , Britikov Nikita , Goryachevsky Oleg
Published: October 2021

The article compares the requirements for calculating the snow load on the coatings of buildings and structures in accordance with the regulations of technically developed countries and associations – Russia, the European Union, Canada and the United States. It was revealed that in these norms the general approaches, the subtleties of calculating the coefficients, the set of standard coatings and the schemes of the form coefficient proposed for them differ significantly. This situation reflects the general problem of determining snow loads – at the moment there is no recognized unified scientifically grounded approach to determining snow loads on coatings of even the simplest form. The difference in the normative schemes of snow loads is clearly demonstrated by the example of a three-level roof.
FINITE ELEMENTS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF REISSNE-RMINDLIN PLATES WITH JOINT INTERPOLATION OF DISPLACEMENTS AND ROTATIONS (JIDR)
Authors: Karpilovsky Viktor
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a method for creating finite elements with simultaneous approximation of functions corresponding to displacements and rotations. New triangular and quadrangular finite elements have been created, which can have additional nodes on the sides. No locking effect is observed for all the created elements. All created elements retain the existing symmetry of the design models. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
Regional genetic diversity in circadian period in Boechera stricta populations is high relative to the global range of diversity in Arabidopsis
Authors: McMinn Robby , Salmela Matti , Weinig Cynthia
Published: October 2021

Circadian clocks manifest adaptations to predictable 24-h fluctuations
in the exogenous environment, but it has yet to be determined why the
endogenous circadian period length in the wild varies genetically around
the hypothesized optimum of 24 h. We quantified genetic variation in
circadian period in leaf movement in 30 natural populations of the
Arabidopsis relative Boechera stricta sampled within only 1° of latitude
but across an elevational gradient spanning 2460−3300 m in the Rocky
Mountains. Measuring over 3800 plants from 473 maternal families (7−20
per population), we found genetic variation that was of similar
magnitude among vs. within populations, with population means varying
between 21.9−24.9 h and maternal family means within populations varying
by up to ~6 h. After statistically factoring out spatial
autocorrelation at the habitat extremes, we found that elevation
explained a significant proportion of genetic variation in circadian
period such that higher-elevation populations had shorter mean period
lengths and less within-population variation. Environmental data
indicate that these spatial trends could be related to steep regional
climatic gradients in temperature, precipitation, and their intra-annual
variability. Our findings provide evidence that spatially fine-grained
environmental heterogeneity contributes to naturally occurring genetic
diversity in circadian traits in wild populations.
Chinese pavilions in the early landscape gardens of Europe
Authors: Fekete Albert , Gyori Peter
Published: October 2021

The image of China perceived by the Europeans in the 17th to 18th century was based on the travelogues of the travellers and missionaries. Despite the fact that the first descriptions did not include any pictures of the world, people and landscapes described, the far exotic country with its history and tangible heritage became very popular. This article deals with Chinese pavilions (pagodas, teahouses) built in the early European landscape gardens before 1750 without any architectural plans, using only sketches based on descriptions and travelogues, since in the first half of the 18th century, no relevant technical guidance was available yet. The structures reviewed started to be used frequently in European gardens and public parks from 1750’s, having an inevitable influence on the garden pavilions built from the second half of the 18th century, and indirectly to the image and character of some influential gardens in European context. Moreover, through their craggy appearance, the Chinese pavilions – as eye catchers – played an accentuated compositional and spatial role too in the European garden history.
Continuity of traditions and innovation in modern landscape design in China
Authors: Ivashko Yulia , Chang Peng , Zueva Polina , Ding Yang , Kuzmenko Tetiana
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the features of traditional Chinese landscape design and its impact on the landscape design of modern Chinese parks. The purpose of the article is to compare the historical gardens and modern parks of China in order to determine the continuity and at the same time the features of innovation. The main difference between historical gardens and modern parks is emphasized: historical gardens were aimed at creating a calm, serene atmosphere of contemplation of nature; modern parks often combine traditional landscape techniques and the function of entertainment. The main historical landscape techniques provided for the presence of a lake and artificial mountains as symbols of immortality, a constant change of views, contemplation of the landscape through the opening as a picture in a frame, the inclusion of a small garden in the large, partitioning the space with "green screens". Modern parks in China still inherit these techniques in general: they have reservoirs, a lot of greenery, park pavilions, but there are already views from distant points, the parks are surrounded by a wall of skyscrapers, entertaining attractions have appeared in them, and in the evenings they are illuminated with bright illumination. Despite their attractiveness and modernity, the atmosphere of the Chinese garden has changed from a secluded personal to a public character, as can be seen in the examples of modern parks in Xi'an and Hong Kong.
A study of developing a spatial entity greenway in the case of Irbid City – Jordan
Authors: Bzour Ansam , Valánszki István
Published: October 2021

Greenways are urban elements that are designed to show the linear consistency and connectivity between open green spaces and cause a development in the urban texture. As a city starts to grow, the absolute metropolitan development should be followed by an ongoing protection of the rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city development and the fortification of the open agricultural and rural lands is deemed a good strategy in order to result in a homogenous urban fabric of the city. The study aims to present a greenway model of development to work as a prototype applied on an existing route in Irbid City-Jordan by using the methods of testing and analyzing the route during the site visit and by using GIS base maps in order to come up with an absolute combination between monitoring the city growth, maintaining the quality of the agricultural lands and serving the public and local needs in order to result in a more balanced and controlled growth of the city. Irbid city is located in the northern part of Jordan with a radial urban expansion model of growth extending from the historical center and spreading toward the outskirts of the city. Regarding the significant increase in the number of population in Irbid City-Jordan since the 1970s until nowadays and the continuous need for habitats, there was a huge number of housing projects in the inner part of the city that expanded toward the outer part including the rural areas, resulting in a huge lack of agricultural lands and open recreational spaces where people can benefit from. Those spaces form an outlet of the city connected with the inner part by a route. Establishing a greenway along the route raises the integration between people and their lands and encourages farmers to develop and harvest. According to this study, the greenway development, which forms a breath out to the highly built-up area in the city, has become a great tool to result in tremendous beneficial outcomes to the city development.
Microextraction of lanthanum using a rotating microchannel extractor
Authors: Li Sanxing , Chen Gaoxiang , Fan Chunxin , Luo Jianhong
Published: October 2021

This work introduced a novel microchannel extractor. The extraction system was intended to extract lanthanum nitrate aqueous solution with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA). Different feeding methods and inner rotors were explored first. The results showed that parallel feeding and inner rotors engraved with spiral stripes were more favorable for extraction. Next, the effect of various factors on the extraction was explored, including the aqueous phase pH, rotational inner rotor speed (R) and the fluid volumetric flow rate (Q). The results showed that these factors are closely related to the extraction. Finally, the experiment was verified by CFD numerical simulation, the simulation result was consistent with the experiment. In this device, active mixing was introduced into the microchannel extraction, which significantly improved the extraction efficiency. Under certain conditions, the extraction efficiency of this device exceeded stirring extraction equilibrium. Moreover, the extraction in the device is faster than with conventional stirring extraction. These advantages provide a possibility for highly efficient extraction of rare earth elements.
Energy saving technology of wall insulation of harbor building based on energy cost analysis
Authors: Wang Xiangning , Lin Qing , Li Jing
Published: October 2021

Seaport buildings have been affected by marine moisture for a long time, but
most of the wall thermal insulation studies have not considered the moisture
transfer effect of the wall structure. Therefore, considering the moisture
transfer function of the wall structure and the energy consumption of solar
radiation, based on the energy cost analysis, the paper puts forward the
research on the wall thermal insulation and energy-saving technology of the
harbor building based on the energy cost analysis. Grey clustering is used
to analyze the project cost and environmental benefits to determine the
index weight. By using two kinds of thermal insulation materials and three
kinds of insulation positions, the thermal performance and condensation
characteristics of the wall are analyzed. It is found that increasing the
thickness of the insulation layer is conducive to reducing the heat loss of
the wall. Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) thermal insulation material is
better than expandable polystyrene board (EPS) insulation material, while
EPS is more economical and energy-saving than XPS.