bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF RAMADAN FASTING TO BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Luke Kevin , Ferona Nur Avina , Putri Hana Letitia Anjani Suwardi , Harelina Tia , Jeffri Jeffri , Prastyo Beny , Priandhini Sekar Afifah , Atika Atika
Published: November 2021

Ramadan fasting is a type of time-restricted eating and drinking. Previously, a systematic review drew inconclusive effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate Ramadan fasting effects on blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. This literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. All studies assessing the effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure in hypertensive patients were included. Statistical analysis was performed in Review Manager 5.4. A total of 7 studies with 260 patients were analyzed. The male proportion and mean age varied from 41% to 88% and 37.5 years to 60 years, accordingly. Four studies measured blood pressure using the ambulatory method. Ramadan fasting significantly reduces systolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.77, 95%CI [-1.18—-0.36], p=0.0002) and diastolic blood pressure (SMD=-0.79, 95%CI [-1.35—-0.24], p=0.005) in hypertensive patients. Both analyses demonstrated high heterogeneity, yet the results persisted after sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was detected. Ramadan fasting reduces blood pressure among hypertensive patients. However, further and larger studies are required to justify this result.
FAMILY MEDICINE APPROACH BASED ON A WEB-SERIES REVIEW: A CASE REPORT ON HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Firnadi Raden Roro Litiya Parahita Putri , Affianti Nugraeni , Karimah Azimatul
Published: November 2021

Family medicine (FM) is a patient-centered and community-based clinical method. The FM has multiple strengths that are useful for medical students, such as provides continuing care to patients and families. Because of the COVID-19, medical students have been removed entirely from the clinical learning environment. Online teaching has played key roles in medical education by covered key clinical conditions, case studies, and examinations. According to the latest American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is the term for the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. We used the method to collect data for a case report taken from a web-series review on Netflix, titled “Virgin River”, Season 2, Episode 1 to 3. From the symptoms and physical examination of the patient, Ms. CR was diagnosed with HG complicated by dehydration, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypoglycemia. The treatment that has been given to her includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy. The family medicine approach has an important role because it has a strong mutual trust based on the doctor-patient relationship. Also, the family has a significant role in the treatment of patients since it can provide effective psychological and emotional support.
The Effect of Lecture, Brainstorming, Demonstration Towards Breast Self-Examination Behavior Based on Health Belief Model
Authors: Mulyani Emmy , Triharini Mira , Kusumaningrum Tiyas
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related disability and death in women due to a lack of education using Lecture, Brainstorming, Demonstration (LBD) on Breast Self-Examination (BSE) behaviour in adolescents.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental research with pre-post treatment and control groups. Fifty-six respondents were selected by purposive sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann Whitney U test with a significance level p < 0.05.Results: LBD significantly improved BSE behaviour in young women by perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, and perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.00).Conclusion: Delivering LBD health education methods can boost perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, perceived self-efficacy of teenagers regarding SADARI behaviour. Teenagers are given health education to increase their knowledge of breast cancer.
A Systematic Review of Endocrine Therapy for Improved Reproductive and Metabolic Outcomes in PCOS Women
Authors: Rahmawati Nur Aini Lutfi , Yunitasari Esti , Armini Ni Ketut Alit , Padoli Padoli , Suharyono Suharyono
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by infrequent or absent ovulation as well as elevated levels of androgens and insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of endocrine treatment in improving reproductive and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS.Methods: We searched the following databases from inception to Maret 2020: PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Scopus and CINAHL. We investigated at metformin, clomiphene citrate, metformin plus clomiphene citrate, D-chiro-inositol, statins, and resveratrol as treatments. We compared them to each other, as well as to a placebo or no therapy. The quality of the evidence ranged from extremely low to moderate. The risks of bias (poor reporting of technique and inadequate outcome data), imprecision, and inconsistency were the limitations.Results: Although the evidence quality was low, our latest evaluation indicated that metformin alone may be superior to placebo for live birth. Data for live birth were equivocal when metformin was compared to clomiphene citrate, and our conclusions were hampered by a paucity of evidence. Body mass index (BMI) varies in the results, emphasizing the need of stratifying data by BMI.Conclusion: Clinical pregnancy and ovulation improvements demonstrate that clomiphene citrate is still preferred to metformin for ovulation induction in obese women with PCOS.
The Effect of Reproductive Health Education on Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent About Premarital Sex in Private Vocational School Surabaya
Authors: Hastuti Puji , Prahesti Yurista , Yunitasari Esti
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is a period of storms and stress; health problems that occur in adolescents are related to risky behavior, namely smoking, drinking alcohol, abuse of illegal drugs and having premarital sexual relations. The research objective was to determine the effect of reproductive health education on adolescent knowledge and attitudes about premarital sex.Methods: The research design used a quasi-experimental. The study population totalled 356 students. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling: purposive sampling. A sample size of 188 respondents was obtained—reproductive health education implemented by video and leaflet. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests with a significant level of 0.05.Results: The results showed that in the video group, the knowledge level was p=0.000, and the attitude was p=0.000. The leaflet group showed a level of knowledge of p=0.000 and an attitude of p=0.000. The difference between the two groups was tested by using the Mann Whitney test. It was found that there was no difference in the effect of the video and leaflet methods on knowledge of p=0.219 and attitudes of p=0.469.Conclusion: Leaflets are effective for health education because they can be read individually and contain topics about premarital sex, which are more personal. The school must provide integrated sexual education with formal lessons that use many methods to increase students’ knowledge.
Pharmaceutical Leadership of Countries: Role of Accumulative Effect Of R&D Expenditures and Effect of Imports Continuity
Authors: Balashova S. , Volgina N.
Published: November 2021

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the key sectors of the world modern economy, both in terms of its innovativeness and in terms of its contribution to GDP. Many countries and companies strive to achieve pharmaceutical leadership in the global market, by which we mean the volume of foreign sales (we distinguish between country and corporate pharmaceutical leadership). The aim of this article is to identify a number of factors that (to one degree or another) determine the leadership of countries in the global pharmaceutical industry or in the global pharmaceutical market. We hypothesize that the volume of national pharmaceutical exports depends on domestic R&D expenditures carried out by national companies, as well as on the volume of national pharmaceutical imports, that is, on the degree or depth of participation of pharmaceutical companies in the internationally fragmented pharmaceutical chain. Based on the conducted econometric analysis, the authors come to the conclusion that both R&D expenditures and participation in fragmented production have a significant impact on the volume of national pharmaceutical exports. At the same time, in the latter case, the effect of the continuous growth of imports of previous periods for the growth of exports of subsequent periods gets special significance. In the case of R&D expenditures, a special role is played by the cumulative effect of these costs, rather than individual, albeit large investments in pharmaceuticals. When modelling the volumes of pharmaceutical exports, the countries “outpacing” the market were identified, that is, countries with the rates of national pharmaceutical exports exceeding the world ones. Among them were both countries where the headquarters of Big Pharma are located, and countries where there are no major pharmaceutical companies leading. This conclusion means that countries that do not have the headquarters of Big Pharma companies on their territory, which include, in particular, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, also have certain potential windows of opportunity to take a leading position in the global pharmaceutical market. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared with the support of the RFFI as part of the research project “Comparative analysis of the benefits and risks of embedding national companies in global value chains: on the example of the Russian pharmaceutical industry. Belarus and Kazakhstan” (no. 20-014-00011/20).
Exploring Super-Resolution for Face Recognition
Authors: Anderson Matias de Araújo Patrick , Ferreira Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: November 2021

Biometric recognition is part of many aspects of modern society. With the popularization of smartphones, facial recognition gains space in this environment of biometric technologies. With the diversity of image capture devices, of different brands and qualities, the images will not always be in the ideal standard to be recognized. This article tests and compares different scenarios and situations to assess the results obtained by facial recognition in different environments. For this, the quantity method of data analysis was used. In the first scenario, all images were submitted without changes. In the following, we have the reduction of image resolution, which may or may not be followed by enlargement to the original resolution via bicubic interpolation or through the Image Super-Resolution algorithm, these images can be all, or only that undergo tests. Results indicate that the first scenario obtained the best performance, followed by only the tests images change. The worst performance occurs where the properties of all images are affected. In situations where there is a reduction and enlargement are optional, the enlargement option performs better, so the bicubic enlargement has an advantage over the ISR, the situation in which only the reduction occurs has the worst performance.
Review of Fishery Oceanography of the Early Stages of Loliginidae (Cephalopods: Myopsida): Paralarvae along the Continental Southeast Platform of Brazil between the Cape of São Tomé (Rio de Janeiro) and Cananeia (São Paulo) (22º-25ºS)
Authors: Zacarias Wilfred Boa Morte , Dai Xiaojie , Kindong Richard
Published: November 2021

Cephalopod fishing in Brazil has been on the rise as a result of the growing demand for high quality food. Therefore, for the sustainable exploitation of this resource, adequate evaluation and scientifically supported management strategies are necessary. Notably, the squid which belongs to the family Loliginidae are fishery resources of increasing importance in the marine ecosystem of the Continental Shelf Southeast and South of Brazil. However, information about stock status, knowledge of life history, ecology and the distribution of the early stages of its life cycle is still very insufficient. The present review analyzed more than 100 scientific articles, related to the history of life and ecology, the identification of the occurrence of cephalopods of the Loliginidae family in the region between Cabo de São Tomé (RJ) and Cananeia (SP), the patterns of family distribution to oceanographic processes that were identified from horizontal and vertical maps of abundance, temperature and salinity in plankton sampling collected by 11 oceanographic cruises conducted by the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (USP) and published in 2013. Respectively, Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to detect the factors that would explain the occurrence and abundance of Loliginidae, which indicated the depth and sea surface temperature (SST), height of the sea surface (HSS), salinity of the sea surface (SSS), chlorophyll-a concentration Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and plankton density (PD). Also, a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) revealed the main distribution patterns observed for the three main species of Loliginidae in relation to the oceanographic variables. Doryteuthis sanpaulensis predominated in the northern region of the sampling area, associated with cold waters and resurgence events. Doryteuthis pleii occurred mainly in the southern region of the study area in warmer waters. Lolliguncul brevis was found only in the estuarine region of Santos, i.e in the shallow and less saline waters. The results obtained represents a relevant contribution to sustainable management for the exploitation of these resources and also contributes to the knowledge about squid fishing oceanography in the regional marine ecosystem.
Design of Educational Tools Based on Traditional Games for the Improvement of Social and Personal Skills of Primary School Students with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Fernández-Gavira Jesús , Espada-Goya Paola , Alcaraz-Rodríguez Virginia , Moscoso-Sánchez David
Published: November 2021

This article propose a didactic, through games, tool based on information and communication technologies, in order to eliminate possible communication barriers and to promote the inclusion of students with hearing impairment in Physical Education classes. To this end, a dossier of traditional games has been developed. These are structured in turn into objectives, materials, organisation, graphic description and a QR code for each game. These codes are linked to different videos hosted on the YouTube platform, in which the explanation of the games, mentioned above, can be visualised graphically using sign language. The whole creative process is described in the article, as well as possible pedagogical applications of the use of the tools created for this purpose in other educational contexts.
C57BL/6 Background Attenuates mHTT Toxicity in the Striatum of YAC128 Mice
Authors: Back Michaela Kerstin , Kurzawa Johanna , Ruggieri Sonia , Engelhardt Jakob von
Published: November 2021

Mouse models are frequently used to study Huntington’s disease (HD). Onset and severity of neuronal and behavioral pathologies vary greatly between HD mouse models, which results from different huntingtin expression levels and different CAG repeat length. HD pathology appears to depend also on strain background of mouse models. Thus, behavioral deficits of HD mice are more severe in the FVB than in the C57BL/6 background. Alterations in medium spiny neuron (MSN) morphology and function has been well documented in young YAC128 mice in the FVB background. We here tested the relevance of strain background for mutant huntingtin (mHTT) toxicity on the cellular level by investigating HD pathologies in YAC128 mice in the C57BL/6 background (YAC128/BL6). Morphology, spine density, synapse function and membrane properties were not or only subtly altered in MSNs of 12-month-old YAC128/BL6 mice. Despite the mild cellular phenotype, YAC128/BL6 mice showed deficits in motor performance. More pronounced alterations in MSN function were found in the HdhQ150 mouse model in the C57BL/6 background (HdhQ150/BL6). Consistent with the differences in HD pathology, the number of inclusion bodies was considerably lower in YAC128/BL6 mice than HdhQ150/BL6 mice. This study highlights the relevance of strain background for mHTT toxicity in HD mouse models.
Correlated Bayesian Model of Aircraft Encounters in the Terminal Area Given a Straight Takeoff or Landing
Authors: Weinert Andrew , Underhill Ngaire , Serres Christine , Guendel Randal
Published: November 2021

The incorporation of unmanned aircraft terminal operations into the scope of Detect and Avoid systems necessitates analysis of the safety performance of those systems—principally, an assessment of how well those systems prevent loss of well clear from and collision with other aircraft. This type of analysis has typically been conducted by Monte Carlo simulation with synthetic, statistically representative encounters between aircraft drawn from an appropriate encounter model. While existing encounter models include terminal airspace classes, none explicitly represents the structure expected while engaged in terminal operations, e.g., aircraft in a traffic pattern. The work described herein is an initial model of such operations, scoped at this time specifically for assessment of unmanned aircraft landings and encounters with other aircraft either landing or taking off. The model shares the Bayesian network foundation of other MIT Lincoln Laboratory encounter models but tailors those networks to address structured terminal operations, i.e., correlations between trajectories and the airfield and each other. This initial model release is intended to elicit feedback from the standards-writing community.
The Potential for Healthy Checkout Policies to Advance Nutrition Equity
Authors: Falbe Jennifer , White Justin S , Sigala Desiree M , Grummon Anna H. H , Solar Sarah E , Powell Lisa M
Published: November 2021

Background: As the only place in a store where all customers must pass through and wait, the checkout lane may be particularly influential over consumer purchases. Because most foods and beverages sold at checkout are unhealthy (e.g., candy/sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and salty snacks), policymakers and advocates have expressed growing interest in healthy checkout policies. To understand the extent to which such policies could improve nutrition equity, we as-sessed the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of purchasing items from checkout. Methods: We assessed self-reported checkout purchasing and sociodemographic characteristics in a national convenience sample of adults (n=10,348) completing an online survey in 2021. Re-sults: Over one-third (36%) of participants reported purchasing foods or drinks from checkout during their last grocery shopping trip. Purchasing items from checkout was more common among men; adults <55 years of age; low-income consumers; Hispanic, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Black consumers; those with at least a bachelor’s degree; parents; and consumers diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes (p-values<0.05). Conclusions: Purchasing foods or beverages from store checkouts is common and more prevalent among low-income and racial and ethnic minority groups. These results suggest that healthy checkout policies have the potential to improve nutrition equity.
Analyzing the Thermodynamic Efficiency of Cooling Cycles Depending on the Determinant Thermal and Physical Properties of Operating Media
Authors: Tarasova Viktorija , Kuznetsov Mikhail
Published: November 2021

The goal of this research was to develop the methods used for the analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of the ordinary single-stage and regenerative cooling cycles depending on the determinant thermal-&-physical properties of cooling agents. The thermodynamic efficiency of the steam –compressive single-stage ordinary and regenerative cycles of cooling machines operating on different cooling agents has been investigated. The dependence was established between the effectiveness value of the use of the regeneration for the cooling cycle and the modified Clausius criterion of the cooling agent. Generalized regressive dependences were obtained for the evaluation of the efficiency of the ordinary and regenerative cycles based on the determinant modified Clausius criterion and these give us an opportunity to establish the fields for the preferential use of the promising cooling agents for regenerative cycles and establish requirements to the properties of cooling agents during their choice. These contribute to the selection of the rational flowchart for the specified thermal and physical characteristics of the cooling agent and for the thermal behavior of the unit operation and form appropriate rational geometric characteristics for the heat exchangers and interconnecting piping. The suggested methods enable the determination of the expected characteristics of the unit and the boundary attainable values of its efficiency in the conditions of the limited information on the thermal-&-physical properties of new (by-way) cooling agents without waiting for the appearance of accurate state diagrams. Analytical equations used for the estimation of the cooling factor depending on the modified Clausius criterion allow us to perform the front-end project computations making use of only absolute values of evaporation and condensation temperatures. The effect of the steam depression, the dryness value and the efficiency factor of the regenerative heat exchanger on the cooling factor of the cycle has been studied. A practical value of the obtained data consists in the opportunity of the objective and operative estimation of the efficiency of the use of the cooling agent for the regenerative and steam compressing cycles of the cooling machine using no multiparameter optimization procedure.
How to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the ﬁeld of noncommunicable diseases by 2030, according to research in 49 countries
Authors: Khaltaev N. G. , Axelrod S. V.
Published: November 2021

Goal. To analyze chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) mortality dynamics and associated eﬀorts to reach UN sustainable development goals (SDG) in the area of NCD “by 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from NCD through prevention and treatment“.

Methods. WHO statistics, based on the uniﬁed mortality and cause -of- death reports of Member-States countries along with the latest information from global WHO programmes, were used to evaluate NCD mortality trends in 49 countries in 2000, 2010 and 2016 and make comparisons and assessments of diﬀerent types of community -based, country-wide interventions. Only countries with multiple years of national death registration data and high completeness and quality of cause-of-death assignments were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, chronic respiratory disease (CRD) bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer and diabetes mortality were analysed in 36 high income countries (HIC) and 13 middle income countries (MIC).

Results. The most visible decline was achieved for bronchial asthma 54%, stroke 43% IHD 30% and COPD 29%. Lung cancer and diabetes mortality decline were not statistically signiﬁcant. Prevalence of tobacco smoking gradually declined in 84% of countries, 55% of countries demonstrated declining prevalence of raised blood pressure. Obesity prevalence was increasing in all countries. CVD and CRD mortality were higher in MIC. HIC better implemented tobacco and diet reduction measures. Same concerns NCD management approach. Air pollution level was higher in MIC.

Conclusions. NCD mortality decline is associated with multiple WHO global life style modiﬁcations campaigns, global coordinated prevention and control programmes for hypertension, asthma and COPD and WHO developed “best buy” approach. In order to achieve better results in lung cancer mortality together with early detection, more eﬀorts should be concentrated on early diagnosis, strengthening tobacco cessation, clean air and diet actions. Diet and physical activities along with adequate management and patient education remain key elements to improve diabetes prognosis by the year 2030. Air pollution control could also facilitate achievement of the UN SDG 3.4.
Comparative analysis of the takzdorovo.ru internet portal within the framework of a communication campaign aimed at the motivation of citizens of the Russian Federation to lead a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Bondar A. A. , Tatarinova T. A. , Manshina A. V. , Butareva M. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective. To evaluate the results of the information and communication campaign to promote a healthy lifestyle through a comparative analysis of the use of the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal in 2018–2019.

Methods. Comparative analysis of the use of the Internet portal takzdorovo.ru in 2018–2019. was carried out by analyzing the data of the Yandex.Metrica web analytics system. As a source of information on the prevalence of risk factors from 2018 to 2019 we used data from a sample observation of behavioral factors aﬀecting the health status of the population and the compilation “Healthcare in Russia – 2019” by Rosstat, as well as data from surveys of VTsIOM and the Public Opinion Foundation.

Results. The total number of visits to the Internet portal takzdorovo.ru after the information and communication campaign increased by 6,4 times. In 2018, the number of unique visitors to the Internet portal reached 449,302 people, in 2019 – 1,82 million people, an increase of 4 times. The number of page views on the site during the reporting period increased by 8,6 times. Also, a number of behavioral characteristics of users of the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal have improved, for example, attendance by time of day, from various types of devices, page viewing depth, number of failures and duration of the visit on the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal.

Conclusion. Conducting a communication campaign within the framework of the federal project “Strengthening Public Health” of the national project “Demography” made it possible to attract citizens to use a reliable Internet resource about healthy lifestyles, which is ﬁlled by leading experts in the ﬁeld of health protection.

The conducted communication campaign has demonstrated the eﬀectiveness of attracting the target audience to information materials on the preservation and promotion of health, and indicates the need to support and replicate this experience in order to attract and further motivate the population to lead a healthy lifestyle.
The inﬂuence of smoking on the formation of occupational lung diseases in workers who come into contact with industrial aerosols
Authors: Salagay O. O. , Bukhtiyarov I. V. , Kuzmina L. P. , Bezrukavnikova L. M. , Khotuleva A. G. , Anvarul R. A.
Published: November 2021

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important tasks of disease prevention. Among the factors that negatively aﬀect the health of the population, smoking is of great importance. The inﬂuence of smoking on the formation of occupational diseases in workers in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions has not been suﬃciently studied. Based on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of common diseases, it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that smoking can provoke the development of occupational pathology of the respiratory organs, malignant neoplasms, vascular pathology.

The aim of the work was to study the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis, characterizing the state of the bronchopulmonary system, in smokers and non-smokers who had long-term contact with industrial dust, as well as to analyze the literature data on the impact of smoking on the development of occupational lung diseases in workers exposed to asbestos dust.

Materials and methods of research. In the clinic “Research Institute of Occupational Medicine named after Academician N.F. Izmerov”, 55 workers were examined under the inﬂuence of industrial aerosols of ﬁbrogenic action. The group of smokers consisted of 45 people: 25 people were coal miners, 20 people were foundry workers. The group of non-smokers consisted of 10 people: 6 coal miners and 4 foundry workers. The severity of the course of professional and non-professional chronic bronchitis in patients was assessed taking into account the clinical manifestations and frequency of exacerbations of the disease, as well as taking into account the severity of respiratory disorders and gas exchange disorders.

Results and discussion. In the group of smoking patients, 93,3% had occupational chronic bronchitis, 6.7% had no such pathology. In the group of non-smoking patients with and without occupational chronic bronchitis, there were equally – 50,0%. In the group of smoking patients, 55,5 of the examined patients had respiratory insuﬃciency of the II degree; 15,5% were diagnosed with respiratory insuﬃciency of the III degree; cases without respiratory function impairment (DN0 art.) were only 8,8%. In the group of non-smoking patients, grade II DN was more than three times less frequent, amounting to 20,0%, while 40,0% had grade 0 DN and 40,0% had grade I DN; grade III DN was never diagnosed in this group of patients.

Conclusion. Smoking, as an independent factor, can play a signiﬁcant, and in some cases, obviously, a determining role in the development and progression of chronic bronchitis in people exposed to industrial aerosols.

The health risks associated with tobacco should be taken into account as an integral part of the assessment of the risks of developing occupational diseases.
Prevention of nicotine addiction at the enterprises of the Siberian Coal Energy Company
Authors: Shipilov I. V. , Betekhtina V. A. , Tsai L. V. , Voronin V. N. , Ladik E. A. , Kuchinov A. I.
Published: November 2021

The problem of Smoking is widespread among different age groups of the population both in individual countries and in the world as a whole. According to official statistics, the number of regular tobacco users in the world reaches a billion. The harm of tobacco is caused by the content of toxic substances in the inhaled smoke, which have a negative impact on organs and systems, leading to the emergence of diseases or exacerbation of existing ones. Deaths due to diseases associated with tobacco use are not uncommon. Given the high mortality and morbidity from nosological forms, the risk of which is Smoking, prevention and methods of combating addiction are an important topic in modern medicine. This article presents the experience of using the auditory psycho-correction program “NO SMOKE” in the fight against tobacco dependence among employees of the coal Company.
Burundi’s ‘Worst Enemy’: the Country’s Fight Against COVID-19
Authors: Manirambona Emery , Reddy Henna , Uwiringiyimana Emmanuel , Uwizeyimana Theogene , Kamath Archith , Parepalli Sai Arathi , Ruzats Salvador Sun , Ntacyabukura Blaise , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Ahmadi Attaullah , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proved to be a severe global public health threat, causing high infection rates and mortality worldwide. Burundi was not spared the adverse health outcomes of COVID-19. Although Burundi’s initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized, hope arose in June 2020 when the new government instituted a plan to slow virus transmission that included public health campaigns, international travel restrictions, and mass testing, all of which proved effective. Burundi has faced many challenges in containing the virus, the first of which was the lack of initial preparedness and appropriate response to COVID-19. This was exacerbated by factors including shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), limited numbers of life-saving ventilators (around 12 ventilators as of April 2020), and the presence of only one COVID-19 testing center with less than ten technicians in July 2020. Moreover, as Burundi is amongst the poorest countries in the world, some citizens were unable to access necessities such as water and soap, required for compliance with government recommendations regarding hygiene. Interestingly, Burundi did not implement a nationwide lockdown, allowing mass gatherings and public services to continue as usual due to a firm belief in God’s protection. As the daily confirmed cases have tripled since December 2020, Burundi must prepare itself for the threat of a new wave. Establishing precautionary measures to contain the virus and strengthening the health surveillance system in Burundi would significantly positively impact the prevention and management of COVID-19.
Strengthening the Strategic and Operational Response for Reducing COVID-19 Transmission in Indonesia
Authors: Sutomo Sumengen , Sagala Salord , Sutomo Bebi , Liem William , Hamid Hamzah Al
Published: November 2021

Indonesia reported the first two cases of COVID-19 from Depok City, West Java, on March 2, 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the strategic response for reducing the COVID-19 transmission which mainly comprised case management, large-scale social restrictions, including micro-scale social restrictions, and the development of drugs and vaccines. The data were collected from the Indonesian Government’s official websites and the latest information from March 2020 to May 2021. Furthermore, a logical framework approach and a theory of change were used to describe, evaluate, and strengthen the strategic response. The current strategic response has not reduce the COVID-19 transmission. As of May 30, 2021, 1,879,730 confirmed cases with 101,639 active cases,1,663,998 recovered, and 50,404 deaths have been reported from 34 provinces. The case management faced a high positive rate and case fatality. Furthermore, the large-scale social restrictions have not increased public awareness and behavior practice on the prevention and control. Currently, there is no cure, and the vaccination needs more time to complete. Therefore, strengthening the current strategic response needs more testing, contact tracing, better quality treatment, community education for behavior change, and effective vaccination.
Public Health Priority in Handling Ongoing Pandemic
Authors: Tafal Zarfiel
Published: November 2021

Not available.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Solar Radiation Exposure and COVID-19 Cases in Jakarta 2020
Authors: Saputra Yoerdy Agusmal , Susanna Dewi
Published: November 2021

To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a threat to public health systems around the world. As of July 25, 2021, the numbers were still increasing in most countries, and the total confirmed cases reached 194,582,750 with 4,171,672 deaths (CFR 2.1%). In Indonesia, 3,166,505 cases were reported with 83,279 deaths (CFR 2.7%) in all provinces and dominated by cases from Jakarta. Therefore, this study aimed to find a correlation and the duration of solar radiation exposure spatially on the pattern of COVID-19 cases. An ecological design was used based on time and place with the integration of geographic information systems and statistical techniques. The correlation test results between solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases in Jakarta showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) with a strong closeness and positive pattern (r = 0.666). Furthermore, the spatial map overlaying solar radiation exposure and COVID-19 cases showed urban villages with high radiation tend to increase in cases earlier than areas with moderate and low. The differences in geographical and temporal conditions are a concern for the Provincial Health Office. This can be a consideration in strengthening more specific prevention and control programs according to the risk level and characteristics of each region.
Integrated Model of a Family Approach and Local Support in Tuberculosis Case Finding Efforts in People with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Astutik Erni , Wahyuni Chatarina Umbul , Manurung Imelda F.E. , Ssekalembe Geofrey
Published: November 2021

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global public health problem. People with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) aremore susceptible to opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, families and community leaders need to help monitor people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study aimed to analyze an integrated family approach and local support model to detect TB cases in PLWHA. This study used acase-control study in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province, in July 2020. The sample comprised 100 people (50 PLWHA with TB case and 50 controls) using total sampling and random sampling, respectively. The variables related to TB case finding in PLWHA were family employment status, duration of HIV/AIDS, family knowledge of TB, and family support. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The families with PLWHA with an extendedillness duration (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.95, p-value = 0.01), families who did not work (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.16 9.41, p-value = 0.025), families who had good knowledge (OR = 4.79, 95% CI = 1.70–13.51, p-value = 0.003), and families who provided good support (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.05–8.76, p-value= 0.04) were better able to detect TB in PLWHA.
Predictors of the COVID-19 Social Distancing Practice among Undergraduate Health Students in Samarinda City, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aspan Siti Hadijah , Viwattanakulvanid Pramon
Published: November 2021

Social distancing is a health protocol recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for reducing the spread of COVID-19. Undergraduate health students play an important role in the dissemination of accurate information. This study identified predictors that influenced the COVID-19 social distancing practice and examined the sources of social distancing information among undergraduate health students in Samarinda City, Indonesia. This cross-sectional online survey study (March-April 2021) to involved 422 undergraduate students from medicine, public health, and pharmacy faculties at Mulawarman University. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with the COVID-19 social distancing practice. The results showed that age (AOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.97–2.22, p = 0.045), sex (AOR 2.26; 95% CI 1.38–3.69, p=0.001), and attitude (AOR 2.61, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.90, p<0.001) were significantly associated with social distancing practices. The top three sources of COVID-19 social distancing information used were social media (80.6%), websites (14.0%), and television (3.8%). The study findings encourage the government to disseminate more health information on social media and education programs to this target population.
Evaluation of the association of endometriosis and mammographic breast density, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moini Ashraf , Salari Elnaz , Rashidi Hadi , Maajani Khadije , Abedi Mahboubeh , Bayani Leila , Alipour Sadaf
Published: November 2021

Background
Endometriosis is a common benign but painful gynecologic condition. Studies suggest that the risk of some types of malignancies such as breast cancer is higher in women with endometriosis. Mammographic breast density (MBD) is known as an important predictor for breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between endometriosis and MBD.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 women over 40 years of age. Laparoscopic surgery was carried out for the diagnosis of endometriosis. MBD was classified into four categories according to the ACR BI-RADS classification. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software to evaluate the potential association between variables.
Results
The mean age of all participants was 47.2±6.4 years, and most participants (76.8 %) were premenopausal. Multivariate analysis of the potential predictors of MBD, including age, body mass index, oral contraceptive consumption, progesterone consumption, family history of breast cancer and endometriosis showed that age (P-value=0.002), history of progesterone consumption (P-value=0.004) and endometriosis (P-value=0.006) were the independent factors for MBD.
Conclusion
This study indicated that endometriosis had an inverse association with MBD. Age and history of progesterone use were also independent influential factors for MBD. This finding shows that the positive association between breast cancer and endometriosis is not mediated through MBD.
Efficient Targeted Transgenesis of Large Donor DNA Into Multiple Mouse Genetic Backgrounds Using Bacteriophage Bxb1 Integrase
Authors: Low Benjamin E. , Hosur Vishnu , Lesbirel Simon , Wiles Michael V.
Published: November 2021

The development of mouse models of human disease and synthetic biology research by targeted transgenesis of large DNA constructs represent a significant genetic engineering hurdle. We developed an efficient, precise, single-copy integration of large transgenes directly into zygotes using multiple mouse genetic backgrounds. We used in vivo Bxb1 mediated recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) with a transgene “landing pad” composed of dual heterologous Bxb1 attachment (att) sites in cis, within the Gt(ROSA)26Sor safe harbor locus. RMCE of donor was achieved by microinjection of vector DNA carrying cognate attachment sites flanking the donor transgene with Bxb1-integrase mRNA. This approach achieves perfect vector-free integration of donor constructs at efficiencies >40% with up to ~43kb transgenes. Coupled with a nanopore-based Cas9-targeted sequencing (nCATS), complete verification of precise insertion sequence was achieved. As a proof-of-concept we describe the development of C57BL/6J and NSG Krt18-ACE2 models for SARS-CoV2 research with verified heterozygous N1 animals within ~4 months. Additionally, we created a series of mice with diverse backgrounds carrying a single att site including FVB/NJ, PWK/PhJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, CAST/EiJ and DBA/2J allowing for rapid transgene insertion. Combined, this system enables predictable, rapid development combined with simplified characterization of precisely targeted transgenic animals across multiple genetic backgrounds.
Left Atrial Volume Index Predicts Future Improvement of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Ito Asahiro , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Iwata Shinichi , Ogawa Mana , Kim Andrew T , Yahiro Ryosuke , Kure Yusuke , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Okai Tsukasa , Takahashi Yosuke , Shibata Toshihiko , Yoshiyama Minoru
Published: November 2021

Background: In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), those who experienced readmission due to heart failure after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) showed poor prognosis. Furthermore, poor BNP improvement is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the clinical parameters related to the change in BNP levels after TAVR procedure.Methods and Results: This study population consisted of 127 consecutive patients of symptomatic severe AS with preserved ejection fraction (EF) who underwent TF-TAVR. The median BNP level was significantly decreased from 252.5 pg/ml to 146.8 pg/ml in all 127 patients 1 year after TF-TAVR (P<0.01). However, the patients could be divided into 2 groups according to decrease (72%) or increase (28%) in plasma BNP level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that AV peak velocity, pre-procedural BNP, and larger left atrial volume index (LAVI) were found to be an independent predictor of increased BNP level 1 year after TAVR (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.77; p<0.01). LAVI were negatively correlated with the change in BNP level before and 1 year after TAVR (r=0.47, P<0.01). The ROC analysis demonstrated that 52.9ml/m2 was the optimal cut-off value of LAVI for decreasing BNP 1 year after TAVR (area under the curve 0.69) with 64% sensitivity and 70% specificity.Conclusions: In addition to AV peak velocity and pre-procedural BNP, LAVI independently predicts future improvement of BNP levels 1 year after TAVR. Our findings indicate an additive predictive value of assessment of LAVI before TAVR procedure for risk stratification.
Metagenomic Sequencing Characterizes a Wide Diversity of Viruses in Field Mosquito Samples in Nigeria
Authors: Oguzie Judith Uche , Nwangwu Udoka , Oluniyi Paul , Olumade Testimony , George Uwem , Kazeem Akano , Bankole Bolajoko , Brimmo Farida , Asadu Chukwuemeka , Chukwuekezie Okechukwu , Ochu Josephine , Makwe Catherine , Dogunro Festus , Onwude Cosmas , Nwachukwu William , Ezihe Ebuka , Okonkwo Gilkenny , Umazi Ndubuisi , Maikere Jacob , Agashi Nneka , Eloy Emelda , Anokwu Stephen , Okoronkwo Angela , Nwosu Ebuka , Etiki Sandra , Ngwu Ifeoma , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Folarin Onikepe , Komolafe Isaac , Happi Christian
Published: November 2021

Mosquito vectors are a tremendous public health threat as one in six diseases worldwide is vector-borne transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. In the last couple of years, there have been active Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks in many settings in Nigeria, and nationwide, entomological surveillance has been a significant effort geared towards understanding these outbreaks. In this study, we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to characterize viruses present in vector samples collected during various outbreaks of Yellow fever (YF) in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020. Mosquito samples were grouped into pools of one to fifty mosquitoes, each based on species, sex and location. Twenty-five pools of Aedes spp and one pool of Anopheles spp collected from nine states were sequenced and metagenomic analysis was carried out. We identified a wide diversity of viruses belonging to various families in this sample set. Seven different viruses detected included: Fako virus, Phasi Charoen-like virus, Verdadero virus, Chaq like-virus, Aedes aegypti totivirus, cell fusing agent virus and Tesano Aedes virus. Although there are no reports of these viruses being pathogenic, they are an understudied group in the same families and closely related to known pathogenic arboviruses. Our work shows the revolutionary power of genomics to help detect the presence of viruses in mosquito vectors and unravel their pathogenic potential. This can help develop diagnostics and vaccines to help prevent the diseases caused by these viruses before they cause outbreaks in human populations.
SPAHM: the Spectrum of Approximated Hamiltonian Matrices representations
Authors: Corminboeuf Clémence , Fabrizio Alberto , Briling Ksenia
Published: November 2021

Physics-based molecular representations are the cornerstone of all modern
machine learning techniques applied to solve chemical problems. While several
approaches exist to design ever more accurate fingerprints, the majority resolves in including more physics to construct larger and more complex representations. Here, we present an alternative approach to harness the complexity of chemical information into a lightweight numerical form, naturally invariant under real-space transformations, and seamlessly including the information about the charge state of a molecule. The Spectrum of Approximated Hamiltonian Matrices (SPAHM) leverages the information contained in widely-used and readily-evaluated ``guess'' Hamiltonians to form a robust fingerprint for quantum machine learning. Relying on the origin of the SPAHM fingerprints and a hierarchy
of approximate Hamiltonians, we analyze the relative merits of adding physics into molecular representations and find that alternative strategies, focusing
more on the machine learning task, represent a clear route towards direct improvements.