bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinâmica da população de Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. durante 26 anos após a exploração florestal em uma área de terra firme na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Castro Tatiana da Cunha , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813333Foram avaliadas as mudanças ocorridas na estrutura da população de Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. em uma área de 64 ha na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, em um período de 26 anos após a exploração. Os dados foram obtidos em 36 parcelas permanentes de 50 m x 50 m, que foram medidas em oito ocasiões, de 1981 a 2007, após a colheita da madeira, considerando os indivíduos com DAP (diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo) ≥ 5 cm. Foi calculada a densidade, frequência, dominância e índice de valor de importância da espécie nas oito ocasiões. Comparou-se a distribuição diamétrica dos indivíduos de Manilkara huberi aos quatro anos antes da exploração com a distribuição aos 28 anos após a exploração. A população de Manilkara huberi foi pouco dinâmica em densidade, frequência e dominância, no período de 26 anos após a exploração, indicando que necessita de manejo específico e da aplicação de tratamentos silviculturais que venham a promover o aumento da sua regeneração natural na floresta e o crescimento das plantas mais jovens. A reposição da área basal da espécie é muito lenta, indicando que vai precisar de, provavelmente, mais de cem anos para recuperar seu estoque inicial, considerando a intensidade de exploração aplicada.
Avaliação da sensibilidade das análises da lignina residual pelos métodos de nitrobenzeno, óxido de cobre e acidólise
Authors: Ventorim Gustavo , Coelho Alexandre , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Alves Ericka Figueiredo , Comelato Jaqueline Silveira
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813337Este estudo teve com objetivo avaliar as sensibilidades das informações obtidas pelos procedimentos de análises de nitrobenzeno, óxido de cobre (CuO) e acidólise da lignina residual da polpa kraft de Eucalyptus grandis. Foram efetuados cozimentos destes cavacos, originando duas polpas, com números kappa 14,5 e 16,9, respectivamente. Ambas as polpas tiveram a lignina avaliada por três métodos (oxidação com nitrobenzeno, óxido de cobre e acidólise) de caracterização da lignina residual presente na polpa marrom. Em seguida, foram submetidas a um estágio de deslignificação com oxigênio. A polpa de número kappa 16,9 resultou em maior teor de estruturas de ligninas não condensadas pelo método da acidólise, maior relação siringil/vanilina (S/V) pelos métodos de nitrobenzeno e óxido de cobre e apresentou uma maior deslignificação no estágio com oxigênio. Os métodos empregados permitiram diferir as ligninas residuais das polpas com número kappa 14,5 e 16,9, sendo que o método da oxidação com nitrobenzeno apresentou a maior sensibilidade nos resultados encontrados deste estudo.
Utilização de resíduos da madeira de Pinus spp. como substituição ao agregado miúdo na produção de blocos de concreto para alvenaria estrutural
Authors: Lima Adauto José Miranda de , Iwakiri Setsuo
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813339Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização do resíduo do desdobro de toras de Pinus spp. em substituição ao agregado miúdo do concreto traço 1:10, utilizado para a produção de blocos para alvenaria estrutural. A avaliação das características físicas (massa específica, índice de vazios e absorção de água) e mecânicas (resistência à compressão e à tração) do concreto foi realizada conforme normas da ABNT. Foram testadas substituições do agregado miúdo por teores de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% de resíduo de Pinus spp. in natura, Pinus spp. in natura e com adição de 4,5% de CaCl2.2H2O e resíduo de Pinus spp. pré-tratado com extração em água fria por 48 horas (AF48H). As composições foram inicialmente utilizadas para a produção em laboratório, de corpos de prova cilíndricos de 50 mm, com o uso de um sistema de moldagem por vibrocompressão e posteriormente, para produção de blocos, com os traços otimizados, em máquina vibroprensa. Obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios com substituições de até 50% do agregado miúdo mineral pelo resíduo de Pinus spp.
O uso da farinha de Orbignya speciosa na formulação de adesivo para compensados
Authors: Almeida Vanessa Coelho , Carneiro Angélica de Cássi Oliveira , Vital Benedito Rocha , Lelis Roberto Carlos Costa
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813340O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição da farinha de babaçu nas propriedades do adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído e compará-lo ao adesivo produzido com farinha de trigo, extensor usualmente utilizado na produção de painéis compensados. À resina ureia-formaldeído foram adicionados, em partes por massa de adesivo, 0, 10, 20 e 30% de farinha de babaçu, e, como catalisador, sulfato de amônio, na proporção de 1,5% sobre a massa seca de sólidos da resina. Determinaram-se as seguintes propriedades dos adesivos: viscosidade, teor de sólidos, tempo de gelatinização, tempo de trabalho e pH. A farinha de babaçu apresentou propriedades semelhantes às da farinha de trigo. Ambas, de modo geral, embora tenham contribuído para o aumento da viscosidade dos adesivos, reduziram sua reatividade, pois elevaram o valor pH, o tempo de gelatinização e o tempo de trabalho.
Enraizamento de Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wawra (Rubiaceae) nas quatro estações do ano
Authors: Nery Francine da Silva Guerellus , Ribas Katia Christina Zuffellato , Koehler Henrique Soares
Published: April 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509813341Psychotria nuda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Wawra (Rubiaceae) é uma espécie arbórea nativa da Floresta Atlântica. Possui ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil, desde os Estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro até Santa Catarina, onde é conhecida como grandiúva-d’anta. Relatos bibliográficos sobre a propagação vegetativa de Psychotria nuda não são encontrados na literatura científica, existindo apenas trabalhos que versam sobre o uso farmacológico de algumas espécies deste gênero. Assim, estacas semilenhosas de Psychotria nuda foram confeccionadas com cerca de 8 a 10 cm de comprimento, com duas folhas mantidas no terço superior e sem folhas coletadas no outono (abril/2007), inverno (julho/2007), primavera (outubro/2007), verão (janeiro/2008). As estacas foram tratadas com água; 0; 500; 1000; 1500, 3000 mgL-1 IBA. O plantio foi realizado em tubetes com vermiculita como substrato, sendo as estacas mantidas em casa de vegetação climatizada, localizada no Setor de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), permanecendo aí por 60 dias. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, com calos, sobrevivência e mortalidade. Como conclusão, verificou-se que a primavera e o verão são as estações mais propícias para o enraizamento, com uma média de 88,89% e 61,25%, respectivamente, para estacas com folhas. As estacas com folhas foram superiores às sem folhas. A propagação vegetativa da espécie é viável, sendo a utilização de regulador de crescimento vegetal dispensável para o processo de enraizamento.
Geoelectrical Investigations at Three Bridge Sites, North Nyala, Southern Darfour State, West-Sudan
Authors: E.A. Elzein Mohammed
Published: April 2014

Resistivity measurements were carried out to delineate the depth of the basement rocks (bedrock) and the lithology of the overlying sediments for the purpose of bridges construction route. The survey was conducted at three sites: Andro, Duma and Manwashi, north Nyala, Southern Darfur State, Western Sudan. These sites (Andro, Duma and Manwashi ) are located along Nyala _ El-Fashir road at a distance approximately of 15km, 42km and 75km from Nyala (respectively). The surface geology of the area is dominated by the basement complex rocks which are overlain by thin layer of superficial deposits
The modeling of the VES data was done using IX1D software. The final results of the modeled and interpreted resistivity data are presented in the form of geoelectrical sections. These sections have shown a close agreement with the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the area. Three zones were identified in these sections, they are the top dry zone (<1m to >3m) representing the superficial deposits, the middle zone (Saturated zone) represents the groundwater aquifer. It varies in lithology from weathered and cracked basement rocks to the Alluvial deposits with a significant heterogeneous nature which varies from clayey, silty, sandy, pebbly and boulders layers. The bottom zone (Fresh basement rocks) represents the bedrock. It indicate an increase of hardness and compaction from Andro , Duma and Manshawi sites respectively. These findings can be used successfully for constructions the bridges of the three sites.
Role of Tissue Specific Plantar Fascia Stretching Exercises Versus Myofascial Released Technique in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Muhammad Khan  , Syed Shahzad Ali  , Rabail Rani Soomro
Published: April 2014

Objective: The effectiveness of tissue specific stretching exercises and myofascial released technique on intensity of pain and Foot function was compared in chronic plantar fasciitis patients.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Al-Ain Poly clinic Karachi between 2012-13.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with chronic plantar fasciitis were enrolled through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into Stretching Exercise and Myofascial Release Technique groups. Intensity of pain and foot function were evaluated by Visual Analouge Scale and foot function index, respectively. Ten sessions were done for both groups. T-tests and ANCOVA test were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05).
Results: The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) and foot functioning index (FFI) improved in both groups, though the decrease of intensity of pain was more in stretching exercises Group (p<0.01). Additionally, improvement in foot functioning index did not significantly differ between two groups.
Conclusion: The stretching exercises can reduce pain and improve foot functioning in chronic plantar fasciitis.
Effects of Inoculants (Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudo-monas palustris) on Nutrient Uptake and Growth in Cucumber
Authors: Shao Shuang , Zhao Hongyao , Guo Xiaolei , Guan Lijie , Li Haiyan
Published: April 2014

Rhizobacteria is a prosperous for promoting plant growth for the superiority of reducing environmental damages. Two Strains of Chlorobium limicola and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were supplied in the experiment as potential inoculants for cucumber. Significant enhancement of the availability of macronutrient elements N, P and K were observed in soil, and further improvement on the uptake of them was also obtained in cucumber plants. Accumulation of essential micronutrients of Fe and Zn were detected both in roots and in shoots. The two stains increased chlorophyll and carotinoid synthesis, plant height, stem diameter, wet weight and dry weight. Various dose has significantly effect on plant growth stimulation, C. Limicola with 107 cells mL-1 and R. Palustris with 108 cells mL-1 seem to be better on the whole.
Structurally Functionalized Polyurethane Foam for Elimination of Lead Ions from Drinking Water
Authors: Abu-Zahra Nidal , Gunashekar Subhashini
Published: April 2014

Polyurethane foams functionalized with Sulfonic acid groups have been found to be strong cation exchangers. This novel property of the foam was used to exchange lead (Pb2+) ions from aqueous solutions. Polyurethane foam synthesis is based on addition polymerization of the highly reactive isocyanate (-NCO) groups of an isocyanate with the hydroxyl (–OH) groups of a polyol to form the urethane species. Toluene-2,4-2,6- diisocyanate was reacted with Polypropylene glycol 1200 in 2:1 molar ratio to form a linear pre-polymer. The linear pre-polymer was further polymerized using a chain extender, N, N-bis (2-hydorxyethyl)-2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid (BES). BES also acts as a functional group to exchange Pb2+ ions. A set of experiments were designed to study various process parameters. The functionalized polyurethane foam was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The Pb2+ ion exchange capacity was determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. The maximum Pb2+ ion exchange capacity of the foam was found to be 47 parts per billion per gram (ppb/g) from a 100 parts per billion (ppb) Pb2+ solution over a period of 60 minutes. A multistage batch filtration process increased the Pb2+ ion removal to 50-54 ppb/3g of foam over a period of 90 minutes.
Stick-Slip Transition Behaviour of Two High Density Polyethylene Melts on Capillary Rheometer
Authors: Hua-Yong Liao , Lu-Yao Zheng , Yong-Bing Hu , Xian-Jun Zha , Xiang Xu , Yan-Wei Wen
Published: April 2014

The stick-slip transition behaviour of two high density polyethylene (HDPE) melts are studied experimentally by using a capillary rheometer with twin bores at different temperatures. The shear stress-shear rate curves are investigated by the capillary rheometer with two diameters. The results show that the flow curves break at a certain critical shear stress. The broken point of the flow curve implies the occurrence of the stick-slip transition. The critical shear stresses obtained by the two capillaries equal approximately, but extrapolation slip length increases with the diameter of the capillary. It is found that the critical shear stress increases proportionally with absolute temperature, which means increasing temperature can depress or delay the occurrence of slippage to a certain degree. Additionally it is found the slip section’s slope of the shear stress-shear rate curve is lower than the sticky section’s slope.
La musique vocale à la cathédrale anglicane de Québec de 1832 à 1959 : Origine et impact des décisions du conseil de fabrique et du conseil paroissial
Authors: Brouillette Louis
Published: April 2014

La double identité de cathédrale et d’église paroissiale de la cathédrale anglicane Holy Trinity, à Québec, a créé des tensions au sein de sa congrégation au cours desxixeetxxesiècles. Alors que les tenants de la Haute Église (High Church) prônaient une vie musicale se rapprochant des pratiques ostentatoires de l’Église catholique avec, par exemple, une maîtrise vêtue de surplis, les partisans de la Basse Église (Low Church), au contraire, défendaient une esthétique musicale épurée liée à une vision unificatrice de l’interprétation des chants par les fidèles. Cet article montre comment la vie musicale de la cathédrale anglicane de Québec, et plus particulièrement tout ce qui se rapporte à l’art vocal, s’est transformée entre 1832 et 1959 au rythme des luttes de pouvoir et d’influence de ses deux instances démocratiques, soit le conseil paroissial (vestry) et le conseil de fabrique (select vestry).
Du théâtre en chanson ? : La transfolklorisation chez les collaborateurs du Carillon canadien de Charles Marchand
Authors: Bellemare Luc
Published: April 2014

La place du folkloriste Charles Marchand et du Carillon canadien dans l’histoire de la chanson au Québec avant Madame Bolduc mérite une révision. L’article propose dans un premier temps une mise à jour des données biographiques concernant ce personnage méconnu, l’accent étant mis sur son réseau professionnel gravitant autour des périodiques, de la musique en feuilles, des concerts, des festivals, des disques et des radiodiffusions. En deuxième partie, le concept de transfolklorisation est présenté. Les pratiques de la chanson de Marchand sont alors analysées à la lumière d’une conception musico-théâtrale. Il en ressort que le Carillon canadien favorise le métissage du folklore chanté canadien-français, de voix lyriques, de pratiques du café-concert montmartrois et d’un certain théâtre moderne français.
Les applaudissements comme source de tension : Étude de la réception des 24 Préludes de François Dompierre lors de leur création au Festival de Lanaudière
Authors: Trottier Danick
Published: April 2014

La présente étude porte sur la réception des24 Préludesde François Dompierre créés par Alain Lefèvre le 14 juillet 2012 à l’Amphithéâtre Fernand-Lindsay du Festival de Lanaudière. La soirée, placée sous le signe de la découverte d’une nouvelle oeuvre et de la célébration de la création québécoise, a été perturbée en première partie de concert par les applaudissements d’une partie du public, lequel répondait positivement à la virtuosité du pianiste entre chaque prélude. Les responsables du festival avaient pourtant demandé d’applaudir uniquement entre les parties, donc à l’entracte et en fin de concert. Dès lors, l’une des conventions les plus solidement établies dans l’écoute de la musique classique en concert (c’est-à-dire le fait d’applaudir une fois l’oeuvre terminée) est devenue, d’un prélude à l’autre, la source d’une tension sociale au sein du public entre ceux qui voulaient applaudir et ceux qui revendiquaient le droit au silence. Finalement, le silence fut rétabli à partir du huitième prélude, mais au prix d’un recours à l’autorité qu’il importe de décrire avec précision pour en comprendre les incidences sur le concert, la portée culturelle et la dimension historique. Par le fait même, c’est la pratique d’écoute en concert qui est questionnée quant à ses finalités esthétiques. D’autant que dans le contexte festivalier où a été créée l’oeuvre de Dompierre, la posture générale d’écoute favorise une situation plus relâchée, où peuvent intervenir des formes de dissension entre les valeurs des uns et des autres. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’étude s’appuie sur la sociomusicologie, qui est la discipline la mieux placée pour analyser les conventions et les rituels au fondement de notre relation à la musique, tout en dévoilant le contenu historique des pratiques culturelles comme celle de l’écoute de la musique classique.
Détournements savants du jazz en France et en Allemagne (1919-1922) : Adieu New-York ! de Georges Auric et le « Ragtime » de la Suite 1922 de Paul Hindemith
Authors: Guerpin Martin
Published: April 2014

La plupart des travaux consacrés à l’influence du jazz dans le domaine de la musique savante s’attachent à relever les points communs et les différences de certaines oeuvres avec le modèle musical auquel elles empruntent.

À partir de deux oeuvres représentatives de ces emprunts au début des années 1920,Adieu New-York !de Georges Auric (1919) et le « Ragtime » de laSuite 1922de Paul Hindemith, cet article propose d’élargir la perspective comparatiste à des problématiques relevant du domaine des transferts culturels, afin de dégager la dimensionnationalede la réception et de l’utilisation du jazz dans la musique savante au début des années 1920, en France et en Allemagne.

De quels répertoires de jazz Auric et Hindemith ont-ils pu avoir connaissance ? Comment caractériser la manière particulière dont leurs oeuvres empruntent à ces répertoires ? En quoi des spécificités nationales jouent-elles un rôle dans la manière dont les compositeurs savants utilisent le jazz dans leurs oeuvres ?

Loin de chercher à reproduire fidèlement ces musiques,Adieu New-York !et le « Ragtime » de laSuite 1922détournent les caractéristiques musicales du jazz afin de proposer de nouvelles voies à la musique savante, hors des canons esthétiques issus du romantisme. Le jazz apparaît ainsi comme un moyen pour de jeunes compositeurs d’affirmer leur singularité. Dans le même temps, chacune de ces oeuvres emprunte paradoxalement à une musique alors clairement identifiée comme étrangère pour affirmer sa propre identité musicale nationale. Alors qu’Adieu New-York !peut être considéré comme la mise en oeuvre de la redéfinition de l’identité musicale française proposée par Jean Cocteau dansLeCoq et l’Arlequin, le « Ragtime » de Paul Hindemith et sonesthétique du laids’inscrivent en droite ligne dans un courant expressionniste alors en vogue dans la jeune République de Weimar.
Conjecture, conjoncture, ouverture : une vue non déterministe de la traduction (Popper, Kuhn et Feyerabend « revisités »)
Authors: Lamy Laurent
Published: April 2014

Le présent article situe l’expérience de la traduction et la réflexion traductologique dans le cadre des débats épistémologiques initiés avec les travaux de Popper, Kuhn et Feyerabend. Pour ce faire, nous examinons un échantillonnage de propositions relatives à l’épistémè poppérienne et darwinienne mise de l’avant par Andrew Chesterman, l’incommensurabilité entre les programmes de recherche de Berman et de Toury, l’introduction aux études basées sur le corpus par Mona Baker, en référence à la notion de « troisième code » introduite par William Frawley, et, enfin, le caractère évolutif du protocole élaboré par l’équipe du GRETI pour sa retraduction de Faulkner. Nous sommes ainsi parvenus à trois constats : 1) tout traitement des données dans le cadre de la réflexion traductologique repose sur un savoir a posteriori et doit n’admettre qu’une axiomatisation « faible » liée à l’observation de tendances et de régularités n’obéissant pas nécessairement à une causalité ou à une finalité stricte ; 2) toute proposition élaborée dans ce cadre doit conserver un caractère non déterministe ; 3) la traduction comme expérience et la réflexion qui s’en inspire obéissent à un protocole évolutif. Nous concluons en exposant quelques prémisses d’une épistémologie pluraliste, ouverte, en nous inspirant de l’attitude critique défendue par l’épistémologue autrichien Paul Feyerabend.
Revisiting the Translator’s Visibility: Does Visibility Bring Rewards?
Authors: Liu Fung-Ming Christy
Published: April 2014

There has been a huge revival of interest in the role of translators and their visibility. Some Translation Studies scholars have mobilized French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theorical concepts of field, habitus and capital to carry out empirical research studies in an attempt to understand how translators or interpreters perceive their roles and what kind of capital they pursue. This article presents part of the findings from a large empirical study in which quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in an attempt to carry out a thorough investigation of translators’ visibility, understood as the capacity to communicate directly with clients and/or end-users. The present article reports on the quantitative analysis of the relationship between translator’s visibility and the amount of capital that they say they receive. The analysis is based on 193 Chinese translators in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao. The findings suggest that visibility is rewarding in terms of social exchanges and learning experience, but not in terms of pay and prestige. In addition, the analysis shows that some social variables including sex, level of education, region that the translator lives in, the translator’s major field of study and the time spent on translation are not related to visibility or capital received. Meanwhile, the appearance of the translator’s name on translations is significantly related to the capital received.
Subtitling Language Diversity in Spanish Immigration Films
Authors: De Higes-Andino Irene , Prats-Rodríguez Ana Maria , Martínez-Sierra Juan José , Chaume Frederic
Published: April 2014

In Spain, the growing number of films depicting characters in multicultural settings bears testimony to the demographic changes experienced by Spanish society since the late 1980s. From a translational point of view, these films attract attention of researchers because of the presence of immigrant characters that use their mother tongue in addition to the language(s) of their host society. In this paper we present the results of the second stage of a research on the linguistic diversity in Spanish films starring immigrants. While the first stage dealt with the original audiovisual texts, we focus on their subtitled versions in two European languages. To do so, a descriptive and empirical methodology has been followed, the first step of which was the creation of a thorough corpus of six Spanish films and their corresponding eight target versions (in English and French). The descriptive and microtextual analysis of the immigrants’ dialogues found in our corpus allows us to define the translation strategies and techniques employed by subtitlers. Then, these techniques are classified in a continuum according to their degree of domestication and foreignisation. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the ideology behind the cinematographic reflection of immigrants’ foreignness.
Foreign Language Learning Strategies and Consecutive Interpreting Achievement: An Exploratory Study on Taiwanese Interpreting Students
Authors: Chiang Yung-Nan , Villarreal Daniel Steve
Published: April 2014

Although it has been frequently noted that interpreting students’ command of their working languages has not been solid enough to meet the challenge of interpreting, especially the challenge of interpreting from an A language to a B language, there has been no empirical research into whether their B language learning strategies are related to their interpretation achievement. This exploratory study filled this gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between foreign language (English) learning strategies and consecutive interpreting achievement among a group of undergraduate interpreting students in Taiwan. The participants’ learning strategies were assessed by Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), while their achievement was measured by their semester grades in Mandarin-English interpreting classes. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The results showed that learning strategies had significant positive correlations with interpreting achievement, regardless of whether the SILL was analyzed in terms of the overall scale, its subscales, or its individual items. Based on the results, implications for offering learning strategies training to students are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
¿Cómo traducen traductores y profesores de idiomas? Estudio de corpus
Authors: Rodríguez-Inés Patricia
Published: April 2014

Le groupe PACTE de l’Université autonome de Barcelone (UAB) s’est consacré pendant plus d’une décennie à la recherche en matière de compétence traductive (CT). Quant à la démarche de traduction, notre recherche – empirique et expérimentale – a non seulement confirmé le modèle de CT proposé par PACTE, mais elle a également mis de l’avant des données sur la spécificité de cette compétence et sur les différences entre la traduction directe et la traduction inverse. Dans cette étude sur le produit de traduction, les données sont observées sous un autre angle, à savoir celui de la linguistique de corpus. Le présent article analyse le corpus de traductions issu de l’expérience de PACTE en matière de CT, qui se compose de traductions directes et inverses réalisées d’une part par des traducteurs professionnels et, d’autre part, par des professeurs de langues étrangères. Il s’agit en l’occurrence d’une analyse de l’utilisation d’éléments tels que les calques, les emprunts, les notes des traducteurs, les parenthèses, le rapport type/occurrence, les expressions courantes, etc., cette analyse n’ayant pas révélé de grandes variations entre les deux groupes de traducteurs ni en matière de directionnalité. Par contre, le degré de similitude entre les traductions, qui a également été mesuré, a montré de nettes différences.
Investigating the Complementary Polysemy and the Arabic Translations of the Noun Destruction in EAPCOUNT
Authors: Salhi Hammouda
Published: April 2014

This article investigates a topic at the intersection of translation studies, lexical semantics and corpus linguistics. Its general aim is to show how translation studies can benefit from both lexical semantics and corpus linguistics. The specific objective is to capture the semantic and pragmatic behavior of the noun destruction and its different translations into Arabic. The data are obtained from an English-Arabic parallel corpus made from UN texts and their translations (EAPCOUNT). The analysis of the data shows the polysemy of the word destruction as a number of semantic and pragmatic alternations can be captured. These findings are discussed in the frame of the Generative Lexicon (GL) theory developed by James Pustejovsky. The paper concludes with some concrete suggestions on how to enhance the relationship between linguists and translators and their mutual cooperation.
Le « prendre soin » de la santé (PSS) : une conception transdisciplinaire et inclusive de la pratique soignante et son intérêt pour améliorer les résultats de santé des jeunes aux prises avec le diabète
Authors: Charron Danielle , Tranchant Carole C. , Briand Emily , Aquino-Russell Catherine
Published: April 2014

La prévalence accrue des maladies chroniques, dont celles pour lesquelles la prévention est possible, met en relief certaines limites des perspectives de soins de santé couramment déployées. Nous soutenons qu’une meilleure compréhension du « prendre soin », qui ne se limite pas aux actes médicaux et infirmiers, ni à la science infirmière, est nécessaire pour améliorer les pratiques et les résultats de santé. Prendre soin de la santé (PSS), comprenant le « prendre soin de soi », est un concept plus large que l’observance du traitement et l’autogestion de la maladie ou de la santé. Cet article vise à explorer l’intérêt du PSS. Une recherche documentaire a été réalisée pour mieux cerner les particularités du PSS, en examinant les fondements philosophiques, théoriques et pratiques du « prendre soin » par rapport à d’autres approches, dont lecaring, et aux défis rencontrés. La problématique de santé des jeunes diabétiques et de leur famille sert d’ancrage à la réflexion proposée. Pour cette problématique, entre autres, la recension des écrits suggère que le PSS est porteur de possibilités pour améliorer l’accompagnement et la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes et pour développer l’agir préventif.
Entre santé publique et organisation communautaire : points de convergence et de divergence autour du développement des communautés au Québec
Authors: Parent André-Anne , O’Neill Michel , Roy Bernard , Simard Paule
Published: April 2014

Le développement des communautés a pris un essor important au Québec depuis qu’il a été inscrit comme stratégie transversale dans le Programme national de santé publique en 2003. Reconnue comme une stratégie de promotion de la santé et soutenue par l’action communautaire, la mise en place d’une démarche de développement des communautés suppose toutefois un changement de paradigme de la part de divers acteurs professionnels. En effet, agir dans ce domaine amène deux champs d’intervention à se modifier : la santé publique et l’organisation communautaire. Dans ce texte, nous retraçons l’histoire de ces champs depuis les années 1970 et nous montrons de quelle façon le développement des communautés les incitent aujourd’hui à travailler ensemble. Nous dégageons également les principaux points de convergence et de divergence qui sous-tendent les pratiques liées au développement des communautés de ces deux champs professionnels.
Regard sur le processus d’adaptation d’immigrants adultes de la Mauricie sous l’angle des habitudes de vie et des compétences de la vie courante1
Authors: Deslandes Rollande , Rivard Marie-Claude , Trudeau François , Lemoyne Jean
Published: April 2014

Le Québec reçoit de plus en plus d’immigrants et la région de la Mauricie n’échappe pas à cette tendance. Des études ont montré la dégradation dans les habitudes de vie des nouveaux arrivants. D’autres se sont attardées à l’identification des compétences de la vie courante susceptibles de favoriser l’adaptation des immigrants dans leur société d’accueil. L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire et qualitative consiste à approfondir le processus d’adaptation d’immigrants nouvellement établis en Mauricie sous l’angle des habitudes de vie (alimentation et activité physique) et des compétences de la vie courante. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de huit parents immigrants. Les résultats indiquent qu’il importe de diversifier l’aide pour faciliter les choix alimentaires et sportifs associés à de saines habitudes de vie. Il faut aussi maintenir les services d’accueil déjà existants, favoriser l’immersion en langue française et offrir de l’accompagnement dans la recherche d’un emploi de manière à favoriser le développement d’un réseau social chez les immigrants adultes.
Influence de Mango Mania sur les habitudes alimentaires et de pratique de l’activité physique des enfants : perception des parents
Authors: Carrier Natalie , Belbraouet Slimane
Published: April 2014

L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer la perception des parents sur l’influence de Mango Mania, une initiative de promotion de la santé en milieux scolaires, sur les habitudes alimentaires et de pratique de l’activité physique de leurs enfants. Un questionnaire a été administré aux parents d’enfants ayant participé aux initiatives de Mango Mania dans la région de Miramichi, Nouveau-Brunswick. Les résultats ont montré que Mango Mania a une influence positive sur les habitudes alimentaires et de pratique de l’activité physique des enfants. Cette influence semble aussi avoir été transmise aux parents qui indiquent avoir renforcé ces comportements positifs. De plus, les parents ont observé certains bienfaits chez leurs enfants, tel qu’un niveau plus élevé d’énergie et une meilleure concentration. Cette étude servira de base aux groupes qui souhaitent mettre sur pied une initiative dans les écoles de leur communauté afin de réduire le risque d’obésité et de diabète chez les enfants.
Le manque de sommeil fait-il engraisser ?
Authors: Chaput Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2014

Le manque de sommeil est devenu un phénomène répandu au sein des sociétés modernes. Un nombre grandissant d’études montre que le manque de sommeil est associé au gain de poids et à l’obésité. La principale raison pouvant expliquer ce constat semble être une prise alimentaire accrue chez le petit dormeur. De plus, les recherches récentes montrent qu’avoir une bonne hygiène de sommeil aide à améliorer le succès des programmes de perte de poids et pourrait aider à limiter le gain de masse grasse au fil du temps. En somme, avoir de bonnes habitudes de sommeil devrait faire partie intégrante des recommandations pour maintenir une bonne santé et faciliter le contrôle du poids, au même titre qu’une bonne alimentation et la pratique régulière d’activités physiques.
Etching of pentacene film using atomic hydrogen generated on heated tungsten
Authors: Heya Akira , Matsuo Naoto
Published: April 2014

An etching method for organic semiconductor materials called atomic hydrogen treatment was investigated. In this method, the high-density atomic hydrogen is generated on a heated tungsten surface by a catalytic cracking reaction. Also pentacene films are etched at 0.07 nm/s in tungsten temperature of 1700 °C and sample holder of 60 °C. It is considered that the patterning of organic films using atomic hydrogen at low temperatures without plasma damage is useful for the realization of flexible semiconductor devices.
Effect of surface oxidation on transport properties in graphene–metal junctions
Authors: Kaneko Tomoaki , Ohno Takahisa
Published: April 2014

We have investigated the effect of surface oxidation on the transport properties in graphene–Co and –Ni junctions by introducing oxygen atoms between graphene and metal surfaces using the density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. When O atoms are intercalated between graphene and metal surfaces, graphene is physisorbed on Ni and Co surfaces while it is chemisorbed on the pristine Ni and Co surfaces. Then, the linear dispersion survives and the injection of electron from the metal electrodes into graphene is prohibited. Our results suggest that the good contacts of metal electrodes to graphene are significant role on the reduction of contact resistance.
Over 1000 channel nitride-based micro-light-emitting diode arrays with tunnel junctions
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Nakajima Keisuke , Kaga Mitsuru , Kuwano Yuka , Minamikawa Daichi , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Yamashita Kouji , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: April 2014

We fabricated nitride-based micro-LED arrays with a small number of fabrication process steps by using a combination of tunnel junctions and patterned n-GaN cathode lines. A use of the combination enables us to skip a couple of process steps required in standard LED array fabrication. A 10 × 10 channel matrix-addressable LED array with a 10 × 16 µm2 emission regions and a 25 µm pitch lengths showed uniform operating voltages and light output intensities, indicating good yield due to the small number of process steps used. In addition, microdisplay of over 1000 (14 × 72) channels was successfully demonstrated. The new array structure with the tunnel junction and n-GaN cathode line provides a high density and a high yield simultaneously.
Comparative study between atmospheric microwave and low-frequency plasmas: Production efficiency of reactive species and their effectiveness
Authors: Won Im Hee , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Ho Young , Shin Hyun Kook , Kwon Hyoung Cheol , Sim Jae Yoon , Lee Jae Koo
Published: April 2014

The characteristics of low-frequency (LF) and microwave-powered plasmas were investigated. The optical emission of these two plasmas indicated that more chemicals were generated by microwave plasma than by LF plasma with the intensities being higher by factors of about 9, 3, 5, and 1.6 for OH (309 nm), O (777 nm), NO (247 nm), and Ca2+ (290 nm), respectively. Application experiments were also conducted. A steel plate became hydrophilic after 45 s of microwave plasma treatment. This is more than ten times faster than in the case of LF plasma treatment, an action related to the generation of reactive species (e.g., OH, O, and NO) as measured by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Ca2+ generation was verified by blood coagulation experiment. Microwave-plasma-induced coagulation was twice faster than LF-plasma-induced coagulation. Simulation results that explain the chemical generation in microwave plasma were also included. High-energy electrons were considered a major factor for microwave plasma characteristics.
On-chip solid phase extraction–liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry for detection of trace lead
Authors: Van Khoai Do , Yamamoto Tamotsu , Ukita Yoshiaki , Takamura Yuzuru
Published: April 2014

This paper reports the application of liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP AES) integrated with on-chip solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of lead (Pb). LEP AES is a novel elemental analysis method employing micro-plasma in the sample solution as excitation source. The integration of SPE to LEP chip shows high potential of application with several merits because on-chip SPE enables the effective use of sample. In the work an improved LEP chip integrated with SPE was developed for trace lead detection. Chip design and pulse voltage were proposed to eliminate the ash generation and minimize the channel expansion. Some analytical parameters were optimized. With sample volume of 1 mL calibration curve in the range of 0–100 ng/mL the correlation coefficient of 0.992 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.64 ng/mL were obtained. With the support of SPE, LOD was improved about 30 times.
Cell adhesion monitoring of human induced pluripotent stem cell based on intrinsic molecular charges
Authors: Sugimoto Haruyo , Sakata Toshiya
Published: April 2014

We have shown a simple way for real-time, quantitative, non-invasive, and non-label monitoring of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell adhesion by use of a biologically coupled-gate field effect transistor (bio-FET), which is based on detection of molecular charges at cell membrane. The electrical behavior revealed quantitatively the electrical contacts of integrin-receptor at the cell membrane with RGDS peptide immobilized at the gate sensing surface, because that binding site was based on cationic α chain of integrin. The platform based on the bio-FET would provide substantial information to evaluate cell/material bio-interface and elucidate biding mechanism of adhesion molecules, which could not be interpreted by microscopic observation.
Legends and Transcendence
Authors: Kuan Tse-Fu
Published: April 2014

Of the four complete Āgama collections, the Ekottarika Āgama (EĀ) has generated the most controversy about whether it can be attributed to any early Buddhist school and, if so, which school it could belong to. This paper examines the various hypotheses about the sectarian affiliation(s) of the EĀ. It shows that a considerable part of this corpus is likely to be of Mahāsāṃghika derivation, and that the EĀ contains numerous salient features of Mahāsāṃghika doctrine, particularly the transcendence of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. This study also argues that the seeming affinity between several legends in the EĀ and those in the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya is likely to have resulted from Mahāsāṃghika influence on the Mūlasarvāstivādins. The Mahāsāṃghika hypothesis for the school affiliation of the EĀ is substantially strengthened in this inquiry while the others are shown to be probably untenable.
Three Places of Mind-Transmission (三處傳心)
Authors: Kim Seong-Uk
Published: April 2014

This article explores the Korean application of “mind-transmission” (K. chŏnsim, C. chuanxin) episodes to the intra-Sŏn (C. Chan) polemics. Korean Sŏn masters, unlike Chinese counterparts, sought for the religious meaning of the existence of multiple transmission episodes that circulated in East Asia from the Sŏn polemical perspective. In particular, Kagun and Paekp’a used the term “samch’ŏ chŏnsim” to promote their own visions of Sŏn within the situation in which different visions of Sŏn competed for dominance.
The spatiotemporal distribution of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in the main stem of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Longjun , Xue Ming , Wang Min , Cai Wei‐Jun , Wang Liang , Yu Zhigang
Published: April 2014

The Changjiang River supplies huge amounts of fresh water and dissolved and particulate substances to the East China Sea, thereby exerting a great influence on the coastal ecosystem. Meanwhile, the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has reallocated the annual discharge, likely affecting the transportation of carbon in its various forms. The transport and transformation of carbon in Changjiang River and the effect of the TGR were discussed based on three field campaigns, a 1 year time series investigation, and historical data. Our results indicated the following: (1) Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was derived from the upper stream and was significantly diluted downstream by the low‐DIC waters from two large lakes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was a product of anthropogenic input and showed no clear relationship with discharge. particulate organic carbon (POC) within total suspended matter (POC%) was below the global average. (2) The TGR has not measurably affected the transport of DOC downstream of the reservoir dam. However, downstream grain size has decreased and autochthonous processes have increased, resulting in a sharp increase in POC% since reservoir construction. (3) For the period 1997–2010, estimated annual DIC flux was 16.9 Tg yr−1. The regulation of river flow by the TGR has decreased the river DIC flux to the East China Sea in the autumn and increased it in the spring. Furthermore, the South‐North Water Diversion will reduce the high‐DIC water from the upper reach, thus affecting the biogeochemistry of the Changjiang estuary and the ecosystem of the nearby coastal ocean.
An analysis of the quiet time day‐to‐day variability in the formation of postsunset equatorial plasma bubbles in the Southeast Asian region
Authors: Carter B. A. , Yizengaw E. , Retterer J. M. , Francis M. , Terkildsen M. , Marshall R. , Norman R. , Zhang K.
Published: April 2014

Presented is an analysis of the occurrence of postsunset Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) detected using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver at Vanimo. The three year data set shows that the EPB occurrence maximizes (minimizes) during the equinoxes (solstices), in good agreement with previous findings. The Vanimo ionosonde station is used with the GPS receiver in an analysis of the day‐to‐day EPB occurrence variability during the 2000 equinox period. A superposed epoch analysis (SEA) reveals that the altitude, and the change in altitude, of the F layer height is ∼1 standard deviation (1σ) larger on the days for which EPBs were detected, compared to non‐EPB days. These results are then compared to results from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), which show strong similarities with the observations. The TIEGCM is used to calculate the flux‐tube integrated Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability linear growth rate. A SEA reveals that the modeled R‐T growth rate is 1σ higher on average for EPB days compared to non‐EPB days, and that the upward plasma drift is the most dominant contributor. It is further demonstrated that the TIEGCM's success in describing the observed daily EPB variability during the scintillation season resides in the variations caused by geomagnetic activity (as parameterized by Kp) rather than solar EUV flux (as parameterized by F10.7). Geomagnetic activity varies the modeled high‐latitude plasma convection and the associated Joule heating that affects the low‐latitude F region dynamo, and consequently the equatorial upward plasma drift.
Net ecosystem methane and carbon dioxide exchanges in a Lake Erie coastal marsh and a nearby cropland
Authors: Chu Housen , Chen Jiquan , Gottgens Johan F. , Ouyang Zutao , John Ranjeet , Czajkowski Kevin , Becker Richard
Published: April 2014

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide (FCO2) and methane (FCH4) exchanges were measured by using the eddy covariance method to quantify the atmospheric carbon budget at a Typha‐ and Nymphaea‐dominated freshwater marsh (March 2011 to March 2013) and a soybean cropland (May 2011 to May 2012) in northwestern Ohio, USA. Two year average annual FCH4 (49.7 g C‐CH4 m−2 yr−1) from the marsh was high and compatible with its net annual CO2 uptake (FCO2: −21.0 g C‐CO2 m−2 yr−1). In contrast, FCH4 was small (2.3 g C‐CH4 m−2 yr−1) and accounted for a minor portion of the atmospheric carbon budget (FCO2: −151.8 g C‐CO2 m−2 yr−1) at the cropland. At the seasonal scale, soil temperature associated with methane (CH4) production provided the dominant regulator of FCH4 at the marsh (R2 = 0.86). At the diurnal scale, plant‐modulated gas flow was the major pathway for CH4 outgassing in the growing season at the marsh. Diffusion and ebullition became the major pathways in the nongrowing season and were regulated by friction velocity. Our findings highlight the importance of freshwater marshes for their efficiency in turning over and releasing newly fixed carbon as CH4. Despite marshes accounting for only ~4% of area in the agriculture‐dominated landscape, their high FCH4 should be carefully addressed in the regional carbon budget.