bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_343A: Mindful Beginnings: Evaluating the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Academic Performance in First-Year Medical Students- A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Karthikeyan A S , Vijayalakshmi S
Published: April 2024

Background:

The demanding nature of medical education poses unique challenges to the mental health and academic performance of first-year medical students. The transition into the rigorous medical curriculum, coupled with the high-stakes environment of healthcare, often leads to increased stress levels and potential negative impacts on well-being. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has emerged as a promising intervention to address these challenges.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Mental health and Academic performance of first-year medical students in a teaching medical institute by randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Methodology:

An RCT was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023, involving first-year medical students in a self-financing medical college. A total of 227 students participated, randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which underwent an eight-week MBSR program incorporating mindfulness meditation and stress reduction techniques, or the control group, receiving conventional medical education without mindfulness training. Data collection for both pre-and post-tests utilized a comprehensive questionnaire-based interview, incorporating validated instruments such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and Inferential statistics will be applied to compare outcomes between the intervention and control groups, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 227 students participated, with 110 in the control arm and 117 in the intervention arm. Further data analysis is currently in progress and will be presented during the upcoming presentation.

Conclusion:

Stress is prevalent in medical students and has adverse effects on students mental health. Mindfulness practice has wide-ranging positive effects and would be beneficial as a stress reduction and preventative mental health intervention.
IJCM_352A: Effects of usage of Portable Listening Devices among Medical Students of SBKS MIRC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth
Authors: Patel Maharshi , Rathod Vivek , Jain Rishabh K
Published: April 2024

Background:

Over 1 billion young people globally are at risk of hearing loss and road traffic accidents due to unsafe listening practices while using portable listening devices (PLDs). Rapid proliferation of mobile phones with built-in music playback facility has rendered nearly universal PLD access.

Objective:

1. To find prevalence of usage of PLD among the medical students. 2. To make students aware about the various harmful effects of long term use of PLD

Methodology:

A Cross sectional study was conducted among students of 2nd, 3rd year part 1 and 3rd year part 2 MBBS of SBKS MI RC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. After obtaining permission from ethics committee data was collected with the help of pre tested, pre formed questionnaire.

Results:

Study demonstrates the usage of portable listening devices among 380 medical students. The average number of days with PLD usage in a typical week was reported nearly equal in both male and female students. Nearly two-third (61.31%) of the students restricting listening to music on their PLDs on a typical day to1-3hrs, while more than one-fourth (32.89%) listened between 3-7 hrs. However, 22 (5.8%) students reported time spent listening to music on their PLD exceeding 7hrs daily. Self-reported hearing loss and ringing in ears (tinnitus) which persisted for at least 3 days within the previous 6 months were reported by 173 students in total.

Conclusion:

The probable association between long-term PLD usage and the risks of developing hearing loss and ringing in ears was considered to be unlikely by students. Significantly higher proportion of male compared to female students did not perceive any risks associated with PLD use.
IJCM_355A: Sleep Hygiene Among Higher Secondary School Students in Mandya City – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Begum Almas , Rajagopal Jahnavi , Bindiya J , Goud Nagaraj
Published: April 2024

Background: Sleep

is a basic biological process and is essential for good physical well-being. Cognitive development and emotional functioning of a child also depend on good sleep quality. Adolescents tend to have poor sleep quality because of high academic pressure, excessive mobile phone screen time, interpersonal relationship etc. Adolescents with poor sleep are prone for depression, anxiety, inattention, substance abuse, impaired academic performance and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Sleep hygiene is an essential component of sleep, encompassing behavioural and environmental factors intended to promote healthy sleep. Good sleep hygiene is a predictor of sleep quality. There is a scanty knowledge and there are few studies done regarding sleep hygiene which would help to understand the factors responsible for poor sleep quality. So this study is done with the following objectives

Objectives:

1) To assess quality of sleep among higher secondary school going students in Mandya city 2) To assess and correlate sleep hygiene practice with sleep quality. 3) To correlate the effect of internet addiction and sleep quality 4) To correlate the effect of Academic performance and sleep quality.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among school going students in two higher secondary schools in Mandya city between Oct 2023 to December 2023 using SQS scale, ASHS questionnaire, IAT score, APS score. Descriptive statistics like frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation has been used.

Results:

Mean SQS score, ASHS score, IAT total score, APS score were calculated. Correlation between SQS score and ASHS score and IAT score, APS score were done.

Conclusion:

More health education should be provided for the students regarding sleep hygiene, the screen time use reduction and its effects on sleep, academic performance also should be explained.
IJCM_356A: Psychiatric evaluation of alleged sexual assault perpetrators in a tertiary care hospital in Southern Odisha: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mandal Kalyani , Satapathy Durga Madhab
Published: April 2024

Background:

Sexual violence is defined as a range of behaviours, including nonconsensual sexual acts(e.g., rape), attempted non-consensual sexual acts or abusive sexual contact(e.g., unwanted touching),and noncontact sexual abuse(e.g.,threatened sexual violence or verbal sexual harassment). A psychiatric evaluation should not only be important in clinical but also in medicolegal field, for better understanding of psychological characteristics of an offender and making risk assessment of future offending behaviour.

Objectives :

1. To study the socio-demographic profile of alleged sexual assault perpetrator presenting to FMT Department of MKCG, MCH Berhampur. 2. To evaluate their psychiatric co-morbidities and find any significant association.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study has been conducted in the Department of FMT, MKCG, MCH, Berhampur, Odisha, within a period of 1 year. Using convenience sampling 169 perpetrators of sexual assault were selected. For data collection semi-structured questionnaire and Mini-5 scale was used.

Results :

Mean age was 45.3 ± 8.2years,78.9 % were unmarried,26.6 % were illiterate. Around 57.8% were unemployed,78.9 % had past history of substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder was seen in 71.05%. Psychotic disorder was seen in 65.7%, alcohol abuse and dependence was seen in 71.05%,substance dependence was seen in 52.6%. Significant association was seen with anti-social personality disorder, Psychotic disorder, alcohol abuse and substance abuse dependence in the perpetrators of sexual assault.

Conclusion:

From the present study, it was implicated that, mental health co-morbidities are one of the major contributing factors for the criminal behaviour of the perpetrators for sexual assault. Hence all the cases of sexual assaults have to be properly screened out and councelled by the mental health professionals to prevent criminality in the society.
IJCM_36A: Community-based Explanatory Mixed method approach to Understand Perceptions regarding Complementary food items in Urban slums of Mumbai
Authors: Sabale Rupali , Velhal GD , Singh Vijaykumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

There is a paucity of research to explore the common age of initiation of each food group item and its perceptions.

Objective:

To assess the age of initiation of complementary food items, understand its perceptions and determine IYCF indicators.

Methodology:

An explanatory mixed-method study was conducted in the urban slums of Mumbai. A total of 93 Health care workers (HCWs) working in different areas and 24 mothers were interviewed with the pretested questionnaire. Later 5 and 6 FGDs with mothers and AWs respectively were done. The data was analyzed with the point of integration for the mixed- method approach

Results:

In 68.9% and 52.7% of the HCWs areas, commonly started cereals at 6 to 8 months are rice and ragi. Vitamin A-rich vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and other vegetables are usually started at 9 to 11 months (32.2%), after 12 months (32.9%), and after 19 months (35.4%) respectively. Banana is a common fruit initiated at 6 months onwards. Intake of chicken and egg are started at 9 months onwards in 31% and 42% of areas respectively. Pulses and beans consumption is initiated at 6 to 8 months and after 12 months in 42% and 33% of areas respectively. Cow’s milk is started in 78.9% of the areas. Milk products intake starts at 12 to 19 months onwards. Biscuits are started at 6 months (39.1%). The Minimum Meal Frequency, Minimum dietary diversity and Zero vegetable consumption are 56%, 28% and 22% respectively Mothers self-efficacy, Family members’ and neighbour’s influences, Child’s responses to feeding, and Family food habits are factors that decide food items at a particular age.

Conclusion:

Dietary diversity at 6 to 8 months is very poor. Mothers’ self-efficacy plays a key role in improving dietary diversity at an early age.
IJCM_368A: Knowledge, attitude and practice on organ donation among college students in madurai district, Tamil Nadu - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Prabhakaran S , Priya SD , Muthuraman Kannan A
Published: April 2024

Background:

The mainstay treatment for end-stage organ disease is transplantation as it improves the quality of life for organ recipients1. Though National Organ Transplant Programme is functioning well, the number of end stage organ deaths stands at 500000/year. Hence the need of present study conducted among students as they serve as health messengers for any Public Health Programme to succeed.

Objective:

1. To assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] on Organ Donation among College students, Madurai district. 2. To determine association between Socio-Demographic characters like Gender, Age, Religion with Knowledge and Attitude on Organ Donation among the study population.

Methodology:

This Cross-sectional study on organ donation was conducted among 550 Arts College students in Madurai District from September to October 2023 using Multi stage Sampling and Sample size was estimated by using Kinge A et al3. After obtaining informed consent, study population was interviewed using Semi Structured Questionnaire containing 4 sections including KAP and Socio Demographic Profile. For positive questions, each Correct answer was given 1 mark and incorrect answer as 0. Reverse Scoring was assigned to Negative Questions. Data entered in Excel and analysed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 19.57± 2.9 with males 44.54% and Females 55.45%. Hindus were 85.27%, Muslims 6% and Christians 8.72%. Out of 550 Participants, 40.36%(n=222) had adequate Knowledge with mean score of 5.08 Â± 0.53, 90.81% (n=505) had Positive attitude, 5 %(n=28) had taken pledge. Chi-square showed statistically significance between Knowledge and Age, gender

Conclusion:

Regular IEC activities and inclusion of Organ donation as a part of education curriculum are needed to further improve awareness.
IJCM_374A: Parental perspectives on the MR vaccination campaign in Mangaluru insights from government mandates: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rekha T , Ahuja Prerna , Dixit Yashi , Jaiswal Akhil , Mathur Saksham , Reddy Sweta , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Measles is the leading cause of child mortality in India. MR vaccine provides immunity against measles & rubella and was offered in 2 doses – 9 completed months and 16-24 months of age. This study aims to assess the awareness among the parents of children (aged 9 months – 2 years) in Mangalore about the presence and the risks associated with measles and rubella and to determine how the parents perceive the MR vaccination drive launched by the Government of India in terms of its necessity and safety of their children.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 188 parents of children between the age of 9 months – 2 years from health centers in Mangalore. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire- consisting of 3 sections: 1) Socio-demographic information of study participants 2) Knowledge-based questions on measles and rubella 3) Perception of MR vaccination drive. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Appropriate statistical tests were applied, and results were interpreted.

Results:

The study population mainly comprised individuals aged 23-30 years (37.8%), predominantly females (65.3%), they prefer government hospitals for child vaccination (71.5%), resulting in 73.1% of children being meeting national immunization targets by age 2 years. Only 33,4% of the parents have understanding of Measles and Rubella diseases and associated risks. Parents exhibit awareness of the MR vaccine drive (Overall 86.7%) through newspapers (46.0%) and schools (39.0%), supporting its mandatory status (76.0%). Doctors play a crucial role in addressing parental queries (59.5%) regarding the MR vaccination drive.

Conclusions:

Parents show awareness of the MR Vaccination Drive but lack understanding of Measles and Rubella diseases and associated risks. Despite limited knowledge, parent’s express receptiveness to the MR Vaccination, drive for their children’s safety, with some showing interest in learning more about the vaccine and diseases.
IJCM_375A: Levels of physical activity and its barriers among students in a medical college in Dakshina Kannada district
Authors: Ameer Basma Reem , Naik Poonam , Anand M , Pai Preethi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Physical activity is associated with many health benefits like maintaining weight and decreased risk factors for Non-communicable Diseases. Physical inactivity is seen as prevalent among students who have a higher workload especially students in the medical field. Lack of physical activity in students could be one of the reasons for low performance in academics as well as other day-to-day activities

Objective:

Among the students of a medical college in Dakshina Kannada district in April 2023: to assess levels of physical activity and to determine the barriers to physical activity.

Methodology:

A cross sectional study recruiting 256 medical students chosen equally from each admission year (4 years) by Stratified Random Sampling with gender. Study duration was 6 months. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to obtain data. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel and reported as frequency and proportions. METs (Metabolic Equivalents) were calculated that are used to express the intensity of physical activities.

Results:

Most participants were in the age group of 18-24. Less than 4 out of 5 students exhibited lower recommended WHO physical activity.

Conclusion:

Despite a majority falling within the 18-24 age range and diverse parental education backgrounds, a significant proportion fails to meet WHO recommendations. Identified barriers emphasize need for targeted interventions. The study highlights how critical it is to address these problems in order to encourage medical students to lead more active lives.
IJCM_387A: Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among medical undergraduate & postgraduate female students in central India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vittal Priyanka , Thakre Sushama
Published: April 2024

Background:

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a menstrual disorder that can be described as a group of physical, behavioural, and emotional symptoms that occurs during the last week of luteal phase, which is usually the week before the mensuration. A study on PMS prevalence among different countries worldwide found that 47.8% of women have PMS. PMS is a common problem with symptoms that can negatively affect daily life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Premenstrual syndrome and its severity among medical undergraduate and postgraduate female students in central India.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of Premenstrual syndrome among medical undergraduate and postgraduate female students. To assess severity of premenstrual syndrome using the Premenstrual syndrome scale.

Methods:

A cross sectional study was conducted among 358 participant between the age group of 18 to 45 years. Premenstrual syndrome scale was used to assess the prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome. The data was analysed using SPSS software.

Results:

Age of the study participants range from 20 to 35 years, with mean age of 26.3±4.62 years. The mean age of menarche among participants was 12.8+0.98 years. The prevalence of PMS was 69%. There is a statistically significant association of age at menarche with premenstrual syndrome.

Conclusion:

The study showed that a higher proportion of medical students had PMS with majority of them having moderate symptoms. Therefore, greater attention needs to be given to PMS as part of healthcare service to improve work-life balance and productivity at work.
IJCM_393A: Determinants of delayed wound healing among the post-operative patients at various tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore, India
Authors: Garg Paarth , Vishnoi Madhuri , Joseph Nitin , Hegde Atmananda
Published: April 2024

Background:

Wounds repair themselves in a timely and orderly healing pathway, with the result of both functional and anatomical restoration. Time course for wound healing ranges from 5 to 10 days whereas some healing which cannot be repaired in an orderly and timely manner and take beyond 10 days are known as delayed wound healing. Hence it becomes necessary to identify the various risk factors of delayed wound healing and antibiotic resistance found in them.

Objective:

1. To find out the proportion of post-operative patients developing delayed wound healing. 2. To study the determinants and microorganisms responsible for of delayed wound healing among post-operative patients.

Methodology:

Study type: Analytical study, Study design: Prospective study, Study setting: Three tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore, Study population: post-operative patients admitted at these hospitals. Inclusion criteria: Post operative patients with surgical wounds on any part of the body and those admitted for at least 10 days in the hospital after the surgical procedure. Sampling method: Convenience sampling

Results:

Mean age of the study participants was 47.9 Â± 12.4, where Diabetes Mellites (60.7%), Hypertension (82.1%), Smoking (50.8%) along with surgical factors such as size and site of wound was found to significant associated with delayed wound healing. Majority of organisms responsible for delayed wound healing had E-coli (23.4%) followed by Proteus (17.6%) in our study. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was identified in 2.8% of the cases.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that comorbidities and surgical parameters, play a significant role in delayed wound healing. Thus, organism and antibiotic profiling is crucial for preventing delayed wound healing.
IJCM_394A: Participation of Undergraduate Medical Students in Health Research and Factors Influencing It in a Medical College of Puducherry- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Monisha  , Rajini S. , Premnath D.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Developing, maintaining, and sustaining undergraduate medical students’ research involvement will enable future healthcare practitioners to practice more appropriate evidence-based clinical medicine.

Objective:

To assess the participation in health research and factors promoting it among undergraduate medical students in Puducherry.

Methodology:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in Puducherry over a period of three months (August-October 2023). Systematic random sampling was applied to recruit 360 study participants based on Chellaiyan et al. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data, including socio-demographic characteristics, academic performance, participants’ attitudes, perceived motivational and barrier factors towards health research, and current involvement in health research. Data were entered in MS Excel 2019 and analyzed using SPSS v16.0.

Results:

A total of 360 participants were interviewed, of whom 51.6% were female and the majority (86.7%) were hostelers. Among the 360 study participants, only around one-tenth of the participants”41 (11.39%)” have participated in the health research. The factors of gender, competency-based medical education approach, and grade of the participants in the recent university exam were associated with participation in health research. The majority (90.4%) of the participants were highly motivated to participate in health research. The main barriers identified are lack of funds, collaboration, mentorship, time to conduct, and systematic training in the research methodology.

Conclusion:

Participation in health research has doubled since the introduction of competency-based medical education. Still, participation could be improved by addressing the identified barriers. Studentship programs, young researcher awards, systematic training programs integrated into the curriculum, etc. could also compute the participation in health research among undergraduate medical students.
IJCM_4A: Factors associated with Emergency Caesarean Section in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mangalore– A Case-Control Study
Authors: Saxena Nirvikar H , Mithra Prasanna , Fernandes Paula , Kumar Aravind J , Narang Sumeet , Hassan Hiba
Published: April 2024

Background:

Maternity hospitals everywhere are seeing a rise in the trend of Caesarean deliveries, the indications for which are varied and could be maternal, fetal or fetomaternal. The objective of the study was to find out the factors associated with the indications for emergency Caesarean sections.

Methodology:

Retrospective case-control study conducted in Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar and Govt. Lady Goschen Hospital, Mangalore, among women who underwent caesarean sections as cases, and equal number of age matched women who underwent normal deliveries as controls, a total sample size of 70, during the study period 12th April 2016 to 22nd April 2016. A questionnaire was used to collect details including the social- demographic details, antenatal history, and indications for caesarean section.

Results:

The study showed that 37.1% of women who underwent emergency LSCS were ≤25 years, 34.3% were between 26-30 years, and 28.6% were ≥31 years. Regarding occupation 88.6%of our cases did non strenuous work whereas 11.4% did strenuous work(manual labourer). 20% of our cases were vegetarians and 80% consumed a mixed diet. 71.4% cases were primigravids and 28.6% were non primis. Regarding antenatal visits 85.7% who underwent emergency LSCS made regular antenatal visits and 14.3% were irregular.

Conclusion:

Among the women that underwent full term vaginal delivery (FTVD), it was observed that they did moderate physical work. Older women (above 30 years) were observed to have undergone emergency LSCS rather than vaginal deliveries. It was seen that most of the women who had a full-term vaginal delivery consumed a mixed diet. Those who underwent emergency LSCS were observed to be mostly primigravida and primipara.
IJCM_40A: Process Evaluation of Routine Immunization in post pandemic period in districts of Assam
Authors: Nirmolia Nabanita , Mahanta Tulika Goswami , Barua Swarnali , Biswas Abhijit Basu
Published: April 2024

Background:

Globally, immunization faced disruption in 2020, for COVID19. DPT3 coverage fell from 91% (2019) to 85% (2020) in India. Assam reports 67% coverage. Reasons were fear of contracting covid, challenges in community mobilisation, transportation restrictions, deployment to covid duty. Overburdened HCP were under stress affecting service. Capacity building gap was also associated with vaccine hesitancy.

Objective:

Process evaluation of routine immunization in post pandemic period in Assam.

Methodology:

The supportive supervision data generated from 1.04.2022 to 30.03.2023 covering all 33 districts of Assam about using MOHFW M&S tool. Data was analysed and descriptive statistics used.

Results:

Microplan was followed for service provision by 97.4% ASHA and 61.4% AWW. No IEC material displayed in 12.2% sites. Headcount survey data available in 88.9% sites. In 93.5% sessions, updated due list was found. Key messages were given in 84.9% of sites following immunization. Blank MCP/RI card was present in 75.1% sites. Hubcutter was not found in 4.1% sites. Other logistics available were; paracetamol 94%, Vitamin A 88%, spoon for Vitamin A 86.1%, red and black bag 85.5%, ORS 86.9%, and zinc 75.8%. Anaphylaxis kit available in 92% of which 83.5% were within expiry date. Handwashing with soap and water or hand sanitizer was practiced in 81.6% of sessions.

Conclusion:

Availability of logistics, manpower as per microplan, capacity building and effective communication needed for further improving the vaccination coverage.
IJCM_400A: Perception towards family adoption programme among MBBS students of a medical college - A cross sectional study
Authors: Pramod  , Basagoudar Shashidhar S. , Kirte Rahul C.
Published: April 2024

Background:

National Medical Commission (NMC) in their recent notification included the Family Adoption Program (FAP) in the undergraduate medical curriculum to provide a learning opportunity towards community- based health care to Indian Medical Graduates. Notification documented that around 65.5 % of population resides in rural settings (as per 2020 statistics) whereas availability of health care facilities and services are skewed towards urban set ups. The student is expected to establish a rapport, understand their health and related factors, and help improve the healthcare of the family, by extensions, the community. FAP brings its challenges and opportunities. It is a very challenging task to implement programme by allotting families to each student and sustaining the follow up throughout the undergraduate period.

Objective:

1. To assess the perception of students towards FAP. 2. To assess attitude of students towards FAP

Methodology:

Medical students who have completed their first year MBBS in RIMS, After obtaining informed oral consent, predesigned semi-structured questionnaire will be distributed to students who have completed their first year of MBBS Raichur will be included in the study. Students who are willing to participate in the study will be included in the study.

Results:

Will be presented in the conference.

Conclusion:

As this study aims to find the Perception of FAP for medical students, results of the study can be utilized to analyse the factors and take appropriate actions in the coming days.
IJCM_404A: Newborn deaths in Maharashtra: A qualitative thematic analysis of newspaper articles
Authors: Shet Neha Nitin , Raul Mayuri , Sable Rupali
Published: April 2024

Background:

As per statistics on infant mortality, the State of Maharashtra has done well in bringing down IMR from 33 to 16 per 1000 live births. However, in recent years many incidents come to light, especially in the case of institutional deliveries where newborns die either due to infrastructure failure or dysfunctional equipment. On a programmatic level, this has serious implications. Schemes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana promote institutional deliveries, but the institutes are unable to tend to the patient load efficiently. Analysing newspaper articles covering such incidents will throw light on actionable points for policy change. Experts from various fields tend to author such articles. Therefore it’s imperative to search every source available to bottleneck the areas for improvement.

Objective:

1. To understand the perspectives of authors about newborn deaths in Maharashtra 2. To derive major areas of concern raised by such articles possibly causing newborn deaths in Maharashtra

Methodology:

All newspaper articles published in the last 2 years about newborn deaths in Maharashtra were identified. They were segregated according to the Name of the newspaper, author, incident, period etc. A thematic analysis was performed on 12 such articles to uncover different themes and sub themes.

Results:

Major themes that emerged were related to infrastructure issues and equipment failure. Another important theme was the higher patient load on secondary care due to excessive referrals from primary health facilities. The schemes promoting institutional deliveries did not anticipate the additional workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. Strengthening primary care remains the major area of concern.

Conclusion:

Lack of quality assurance is the major bottleneck at the infrastructure level. Strengthening primary care will reduce the excessive workload on district and subdistrict hospitals. All these are part of the same chain of events.
IJCM_412A: Self Medication Practices Among Patient Attending Fever Opd At Tertiary Care Hospital In Mumbai.
Authors: Miranda Roshni , Jakkula Shreekanth , Akankshamaravi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Self-medication is defined as the use of drugs to treat self- diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. The practice of self-medication is common worldwide in both developed and developing countries which often leads to dangerous unwarranted adverse effects, antimicrobial resistance, ultimately increasing cost burden due to health care.

Objective:

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication among patients; to identify risk factors that could influence self-medication practices; to identify sources of information about medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.

Methodology:

cross-sectional study was carried out among patient, information regarding self-medication use in the past six months and associated sociodemographic factors, purpose, source of drug procurement, attitude toward self-medication use were collected. The data were obtained using a validated pretested self-administered questionnaire. The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

In our study the prevalence of Self Medication practices were observed to be 45.6%. The practice was noticed more among individuals from lower middle class family with a prevalence rate of 26%. Telling the symptoms to pharmacist was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs by the users i.e. 61%Majority of the self-medication users expressed that self-medication is harmless and 32.2 % found it effective and 88.9% said they had never experienced any adverse effects, 81.3 % consider it as acceptable practice.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of SM practices are high. Most common reason being poverty, confidence in self – diagnosis, In order to mitigate the negative effects of SM behaviours, additional prompt measures are required.
IJCM_422A : Artificial Intelligence & Sustainable Development Goals in Health Care
Authors: Nair Aditya , Dsouza Kennice Deon , Reshmi Bhageerathy
Published: April 2024

Background:

The intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 presents both opportunities and challenges. AI has the potential to enhance healthcare delivery by improving diagnostic accuracy, enabling personalized treatment approaches, and facilitating remote healthcare services through telemedicine. AI-driven technologies can also streamline administrative tasks, optimize resource allocation, and support evidence-based decision-making in healthcare settings.

Objective:

This study seeks to identify challenges and opportunities for utilizing AI to advance global health objectives to support Sustainable Development Goal 3

Methodology:

A review of existing literature was carried out to evaluate the current landscape of AI applications in healthcare and its potential implications for SDG achievement. We identified constraints such as data bias, ethical considerations, and accessibility barriers, and looked at the potential remedies and strategies for maximizing the positive impact of AI in healthcare.

Conclusion:

There exists significant hurdles into the integration of AI into healthcare however there are promising prospects for enhancing healthcare delivery, disease prevention, and drug discovery processes. By addressing issues such as data bias, ethical dilemmas, and accessibility challenges, AI holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems on a global scale. Embracing AI technologies can contribute significantly to realizing SDGs pertaining to health and well-being, thereby fostering more sustainable and equitable healthcare practices.
IJCM_56A: What determines decision making among women? Insights from National Family Health Survey-5
Authors: Madan Isha , Pracheth R , Bas Parama
Published: April 2024

Background:

Women’s empowerment is a critical driver for economic growth and social prosperity. Broadly, the term refers to an improvement in women’s political, social, educational, economic, and health status. Decision making is an integral component of women’s empowerment.

Objective:

This secondary data analysis from NFHS 5 aims to measure the level of women decision-making capability and its determinants among women aged 15-49 years in India.

Methodology:

We have analyzed the latest available data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) gathered from the Demographic Health Survey program after obtaining permission. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the decision making among women. Logistic regression was applied to compute adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for determining the associated factors of women decision-making capability and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

The total women respondents in the NFHS 5 dataset were 721145, of which data regarding women decision making was available for 77729 (10.7%). Total 68942(88.7%) women were involved in decision-making. Decision-making capacity was found to be significantly associated with age, education level, working status. Women aged more than 30 years were found to have more involvement in decision making as compared to those aged less than 30 years (AOR=1.76; CI=1.684-1.842; p< 0.05). Decision making was significantly associated with education (AOR=0.847; CI=0.807-0.889; p< 0.05). Working women were involved more in decision making as compared to non-working (AOR=1.494; CI=1.414-1.578; p< 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study sheds light on the relationship between women decision-making capacity and its association with sociodemographic variables. Several factors were found to be significantly associated with women decision making capability.
IJCM_70A: Husband’s knowledge regarding antenatal care of pregnant women and their involvement in the antenatal care of their wives
Authors: Shaad Sameeha , Pervez Sumaiya , Jaiswal Pratyush , Hamid Shadab , Jain Mallika , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran B , Mithra Prasanna P , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Antenatal care is pivotal for maternal and child health, with husband involvement enhancing its efficacy. This study conducted in Mangalore, India, aimed to evaluate husbands’ knowledge and engagement in antenatal care, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for human health and well-being.

Objectives:

The study aimed to assess husbands’ understanding of and involvement in supporting their wives during pregnancy.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study surveyed 150 husbands using a semi-structured questionnaire, collecting data on personal details, antenatal care knowledge, and involvement in their wives’ pregnancy care. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests were employed for analysis.

Results:

The majority of husbands exhibited sufficient knowledge of antenatal care, particularly regarding identifying danger signs. However, levels of active involvement varied due to socio-cultural factors and work commitments. While many accompanied their wives to appointments and participated in decision-making, some faced barriers such as work obligations.

Conclusion:

Enhancing husband involvement is essential for achieving SDG targets in maternal health. Tailored interventions addressing socio-cultural barriers can empower husbands to play a more active role in supporting maternal well-being. By fostering inclusive healthcare practices, we can improve health outcomes for mothers, infants, and communities at large.
IJCM_72A: A study on newborn care practices and associated factors influencing their health in urban slums of Kurnool city, Andhra Pradesh.
Authors: Mercy P. , Kumari P. Sudha , Renuka B.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Neonate is essential time for child to grow. Worldwide, Neonatal mortality are estimated to be about 3 million due to insufficient care. In 2021, 2.3 million neonates have died in first four weeks of life, roughly 6400 neonatal deaths per day. Lack of knowledge in new born care, inappropriate new born care practices are some of the contributors to neonatal mortality. Newborn care practice interventions can prevent neonatal deaths. Understanding the community and traditional newborn care practices is necessary to implement effective programme for promotion of newborns health. Hence present study was done to describe selected newborn care practices in urban slums of Kurnool.

Objectives:

To assess Newborn-Care Practices and to determine the relationship between Newborn-Care Practices and selected socio-demographic variables.

Methodology:

A Community-based, Cross-sectional study was done among 220mothers who were residing in urban slums of Kurnool City, Data were collected between October 2023 to November 2023 using Semi-structured questionnaire by Simple Random sampling technique. IEC permission was obtained. Written informed consent was obtained from participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS-Version23.

Results:

Mothers who were practicing delayed-bathing were observed in the age group 18-24 years 135(61.36%)followed by 25-30 years 60(27.2%),the difference was statistically significant(x2=9.84)(p=0.043),Safe cord care practices were observed more among 18-24 years132(60%),it was found to be statistically significant(x2=23.5)(p=<0.001). Early initiation of breast feeding was more common among age group 18-24 years93(42.2%), it was found to be statistically significant(x2=6.51)(p=0.039).

Conclusion:

The practice of essential newborn care still needs to improve in Bareilly; There is strong need to implement community-based interventions to improve the newborn care practices & to reduce the high-risk newborn care practices like unsafe cord care, delayed breast feeding, early bathing, Prelacteal feeding & discarding colostrum need through health workers.
IJCM_81A: A Qualitative Study to Analyze the Awareness and Attitude of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Other Potential End-users on mHealth Applications for Disease Management.
Authors: Skaria Geena Mary , Sabu K M , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Shetty Sahana
Published: April 2024

Background:

Diabetes requires intense multidisciplinary management techniques based on which the disease management strategies are adjusted to control the blood glucose values. There are numerous digital diabetic management applications available online, but Indian subscribers to such applications are minimal when compared with the diabetes population in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a tremendous increase in the use of glucometers and other digital applications, which is a promising factor in propagating the idea of effective usage of mHealth applications.

Objective:

To analyze awareness and attitudes among the major digital health application stakeholders toward using mHealth applications in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Methodology:

An in-depth interview (IDI) was conducted among T2DM patients, their caregivers, Doctors, and Diabetes counselors (that includes, nursing counselors, and diet counselors) in the endocrinology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Result:

The findings revealed that the T2DM patients, despite knowing mHealth applications for T2DM management, are not very fond of using any of them for various reasons such as language and technology barriers, complexity of handling the application, and following application instructions.

Conclusion:

It was evident that there is a growing need to create awareness about the advantages of using digital applications for disease management and develop user-oriented, user-friendly applications for better acceptance of digital devices.
IJCM_84A: Menstrual Hygiene Management: Status, Enablers and Barriers among Late Adolescent School Going Girls in Berhampore Municipality, West Bengal.
Authors: Mondal Oindrila , Ghosh Ritu , Das Dilip Kumar
Published: April 2024

Background:

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) encompasses use of hygienic absorbents, appropriate frequency of changing, genital hygiene and disposal. Inadequate facilities at school pose a formidable barrier for MHM.

Objective:

To assess the practices related to MHM and their correlates among school going adolescent girls aged 15-19 yrs and explore the enablers and barriers of MHM from the participant’s perspective.

Methodology:

This concurrent mixed method study with cross-sectional design and phenomenological approach for quantitative and qualitative part respectively, was undertaken in public schools of Berhampore Municipality, Murshidabad district during September-November’23. The quantitative study was contemplated among 204 eligible participants selected through multistage random sampling. Data on background variables and variables related to MHM were collected with a predesigned, pretested self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS.20. For qualitative component, In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were done on purposively selected eight participants, representing different schools and age groups. IDIs were transcribed in verbatim and thematic analysis was done.

Results:

All participants used sanitary pads; 53.9%, 17.64% and 20.5% changed pads at appropriate frequency (four times/day), cleaned external genitalia (thrice/day) and disposed in covered bins respectively. Only 11.3% had favourable MHM (at least 3 correct practices out of 4). Maternal education [(OR:3.44; (1.28-9.27)]and occupation [(OR:7.01; (2.23-21.99)], socio economic status [(OR:5.66;(1.52-21.02)], access to continuous water supply [(OR:15.40;(4.38-54.10)] and disposal facilities[(OR:2.88;(1.15-7.22)] were significantly associated with MHM. On thematic analysis major enablers explored were conducive home environment, communication with parents, access to hygienic absorbents and access to washrooms with water supply at school; lack of access to hygienic washrooms and proper disposal facility at school, long duration of school and limited communication were identified as barriers for MHM.

Conclusion:

Among the school girls in this area unfavourable MHM was alarmingly high, surfacing multiple factors amenable to change by ensuring access to proper services/facilities and communication about MHM.
IJCM_91A: A Descriptive study on Anemia among Antenatal Women in a District Hospital
Authors: Nija S P , Kuril Bina M
Published: April 2024

Background:

In more than 80% of countries in the world, the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is >20%, and is a major public health problem. More than 56 million women are estimated to be affected globally, approximately 32 million of them being from Asia. Severe anemia may have adverse effects on the mother and the foetus. Anemia with haemoglobin levels less than 6 g/dl is associated with poor pregnancy outcome such as prematurity, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight, and foetal deaths. Various health programs aiming anemia prevention are existing in India for many decades. Despite that, anemia affects more than half of pregnant women. Thus, this study aimed to estimate prevalence of Anemia and to study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention.

Objective:

a) To study factors associated with anemia in antenatal women attending district hospital. b) To study knowledge, attitude and practices of antenatal women about anemia prevention

Methodology:

A Hospital based cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected 360 antenatal woman attending Antenatal clinic of a District Hospital from October 2023 to December 2023. Sample size was calculated using openepi. Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women from previous study in India is 53%. Data was collected by using a predesigned semi structured interview schedule and Hb estimation was done by Sahli’s hemoglobinometer.

Results:

The Prevalence of Anemia obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia in this study was more in multigravida pregnancy (p<0.001). Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets.

Conclusion:

The Prevalence of Anemia among antenatal women obtained in this study was 52.76%. The prevalence of anemia more in multigravida. Anemia was also found to be significantly associated with risk in pregnancy. Most of the ANC women have knowledge about consumption of Iron folic acid tablets. Most of the participants got Hb estimation in first trimester.