bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black middle managers' experience of affirmative action in a media company
Authors: Motileng Barnard B , Wagner Claire , Cassimjee Nafisa
Published: August 2012

Affirmative action remains one of the most highly sensitive, emotive and hotly debated subjects in South Africa. It is nevertheless an important legislated strategy that needs to be thoroughly researched and constructively debated to bring change to the lives of previously disadvantaged individuals. The present study describes how five black middle managers experience affirmative action at a media company. Emphasis was placed on how these managers define affirmative action, whether they feel that others question their abilities because of this policy, and the extent to which affirmative action affects their job satisfaction and commitment to the organisation. Results of the study revealed that participants experienced affirmative action positively as a mechanism that provides employment opportunities, but encounter many challenges and obstacles. These problems can be addressed by sustained commitment from organisations to make the function of the affirmative action policy explicit and to create a shared culture in the workplace.

Opsomming

Regstellende aksie is tans ’n sensitiewe saak wat vurige debat en emosies in Suid Afrika uitlok. Dit is egter ’n belangrike wetlike strategie wat deeglik nagevors en konstruktief gedebatteer moet word om verandering in die lewens van vorige benadeeldes te bring. Die huidige studie beskryf hoe vyf middelvlak bestuurders regstellende aksie by ’n mediamaatskappy beleef het. Klem word geplaas op hoe hierdie bestuurders regstellende aksie definieer, of hulle voel dat ander hul vaardighede betwyfel as gevolg van hierdie beleid, en die mate waartoe regstellende aksie hul werksbevrediging en verbintenis tot die organisasie beïnvloed. Resultate wys dat die deelnemers regstellende aksie positief beleef het as ’n meganisme wat werksgeleenthede skep maar data heelwat uitdagings en struikelblokke beleef word. Hierdie probleme kan aangespreek word deur volgehoue verbintenis van organisasies om die regstellende aksie beleid meer eksplisiet te maak en ’n gedeelde kultuur in die werkplek te skep.
Editor’s Note
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Retraction of three previously published articles. The editor hereby wishes to bring the following to the attention of all readers: Due to technical reasons the following three articles, which were published in the previous edition (Volume 31, Number 3 & 4) have been withdrawn in their entirety and will no longer be considered official publications of this Journal:

Predicting job insecurity from background variables by Buitendach, J.H., Oosthuyzen, A. & Van Wyk, CDW.

The psychometric properties of the job insecurity questionnaire in South Africa by Buitendach, J.H., Rothmann, S. & De Witte, H.

Job insecurity and psychological well-being of employees at a government organisation by Viljoen, E., Bosman, J. & Buitendach, J.H.
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy in a multicultural society: Measures and ethnic differences
Authors: Urban Boris
Published: August 2012

Deficits in self-beliefs lower entrepreneurial activity in the broader South African context. A brief theoretical analysis preceded establishing the psychometric evaluations of the entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and general selfefficacy (GSE) measures. Participants representing different major ethnic groups in SA were sampled. Results indicate that the GSE scale remains a single factor solution thereby confirming the unidimensionality and reliability of this measure. The different ESE sub-domains provide a far more fine-grained approach to understanding self-efficacy. ANOVA determined significant differences in self-efficacy scores between the different groups. Apart from introducing the ESE construct to the SA literature, it is the first time that a study has united the general and specific measures of self-efficacy as well as measuring both the magnitude and strength dimensions of self-efficacy beliefs.

Opsomming

Tekortkominge in selfgeloofwaardigheid doen afbreuk aan entrepreneuriese aktiwiteite in die breër Suid Afrikaanse konteks. ’n Samevattende teoretiese analise het die vasstelling van strukturele ekwivalensie van die entrepreneuriese ESE en GSE skale voorafgegaan. ’n Steekproef van MBA respondente, verteenwoordigend van die hoof etniese groepe binne SA, is vir die studie gebruik. Bevindinge dui daarop dat die GSE skaal ’n enkel faktor oplossing is bevestigend van die enkel dimensionaliteit en betroubaarheid van hierdie maatstaf. ANOVA dui daarop dat merkbare verskille bestaan tussen die ESE tellings van die verskillende groeperinge. Benewens die bekendstelling van die ESE konsep, aan die SA literatuur, verenig hierdie studie vir die eerste keer die breë en spesifieke maatstawwe van selfgeloofwaardigheid, en meet dit ook die grote en sterkte van hierdie verandelikes.
Exploring the social construction of life roles of career-oriented women
Authors: Franks Kim , Schurink Willem , Fourie Linda
Published: August 2012

The ever-growing number of women in the contemporary workforce is presenting numerous challenges to organisations, employees and their families. The aim of this study was therefore twofold, namely, to explore how 21st century career-oriented women attach meaning to their different life roles, as well as how they visualise integrating these over the next decade. A modernist qualitative methodology and grounded theory were applied. Rich, interesting data was obtained from which four themes were inferred implying career-oriented women still placing importance on the traditional mother role. The article concludes with indicating key implications of the findings and recommendations.

Opsomming

Die steeds groeiende aantal vroue in die kontemporêre arbeidsmag bring enorme uitdagings vir organisasies, werknemers en hul gesinne mee. Die doel van hierdie studie was derhalwe tweeledig: om te verken hoe 21eeuse beroepsgeoriënteerde vroue betekenis aan hul onderskeie lewensrolle gee, asook hoe hulle visualiseer om hierdie rolle gedurende die komende dekade te integreer. ’n Modernisties kwalitatiewe metodologie en begronde teorie is aangewend. Ryk en interessante data is verkry waaruit vier temas afgelei is wat impliseer dat beroepsgeoriënteerde vroue die tradisionele moederrol steeds belangrik ag. Die sleutelimplikasies van die bevindinge asook aanbevelings sluit die artikel af.
Interpersonal conflict – handling styles used in public and private sector organisations: A comparative study
Authors: Havenga Werner , Visagie Jan
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was to determine and compare by means of an empirical study whether there exists a significant difference in the handling of interpersonal conflict between two totally different organisations. The study made use of the Rahim Organisational Conflict Inventory – ROC-II instrument to determine the extent of usage of five conflict handling styles by employees of an agricultural company and a local authority. Results indicated that a significant difference exists in usage of the various handling styles between respondents and their superiors as well as respondents and their peers. The obliging style and integrating styles were used the most and the dominating style was used the least in both organisations. Significant differences were also recorded with regard to sex, age and qualifications and the usage of different conflict handling styles. These results have definite implications for managing conflict in organisations.

Opsomming

Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om d.m.v ’n empiriese studie vas te stel en te vergelyk of daar ’n betekenisvolle verskil is in die hantering van interpersoonlike konflik tussen twee verskillende organisasies. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van die Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory – ROC II instrument om vas te stel watter mate die vyf konflikhantering-style binne ’n landboumaatskappy en ’n plaaslike owerheid, gebruik word. Resultate het gewys dat daar ’n betekenisvolle verskil is in hanteringstyle tussen respondente en hul hoofde sowel as respondente en hul gelykes. Die toegewende- en integrerende styl was die meeste gebruik en die dominerende styl die minste in beide organisasies. Betekenisvolle verskille is ook aangeteken met betrekking tot geslag, ouderdom en kwalifikasies en die gebruik van die verskillende konflikhantering-style. Hierdie resultate hou noemenswaardige implikasies in vir die bestuur van konflik in organisasies.
Leader and team behaviour during organisational change: A systems psychodynamic stance
Authors: Cilliers Frans
Published: August 2012

The aim of this research was to explore the dynamic nature of leader and team behaviour during organizational change, using five different organisational constellations or neurotic personality styles, namely the paranoid, schizoid, depressive, compulsive and histrionic styles. Qualitative research was conducted, comprising of two focus groups with eight psychologists consulting regularly to organisational change. The data was content analysed and interpreted from the systems psychodynamic stance. Each style’s leader and team behavioural manifestations are discussed. The findings and recommendations can be used by consulting psychologists towards understanding and implementing organisational change dynamics.

Opsomming

Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die dinamiese aard van leier- en spangedrag tydens organisasieverandering te eksploreer, deur gebruik te maak van vyf verskillende organisasie konstelasies of neurotiese persoonlikheids style, naamlik die paranoide, skisoide, depressiewe, kompulsiewe en histrioniese style. Kwalitatiewe navorsing is uitgevoer, bestaande uit twee fokusgroepe met agt sielkundiges wat gereeld konsulteer in die veld van organisasieverandering. Die data is aan inhoudsanalise onderwerp en geinterpreteer vanuit die sisteem-psigodinamiese benadering. Elke styl se leier en span gedrag word bespreek. Die bevindinge en aanbevelings kan gebruik word deur sielkundiges in konsultasies ten einde organisasieveranderingsdinamika te verstaan en te implementeer.
The factor structure of six salutogenic constructs
Authors: Breed Marita , Cilliers Frans , Visser Deléne
Published: August 2012

The aim of this research was to investigate the factor structure of six salutogenic constructs, namely sense of coherence, hardiness, learned resourcefulness, potency, internal locus of control and self-efficacy. Measurement with a sample of 935 part-time students did not fit the conceptualisation of salutogenesis. A different factor structure for Whites versus Others occurred. For Whites, all six constructs more or less contributed towards the general salutogenic factor and for Others all but learned resourcefulness contributed. For Whites, salutogenesis consisted of two clear dimensions (a global positive orientation; specific behavioural skills) and for Others one dimension (an optimistic life view). Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the data for both groups, indicated a weak fit. It was recommended that salutogenesis be further explored within an overall personality theory.

Opsomming

Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die faktorstruktuur van ses salutogeniese konstrukte te ondersoek, naamlik sin vir koherensie, gehardheid, aangeleerde vindingrykheid, potensie, interne lokus van beheer en selfgenoegsaamheid. Meting met ‘n steekproef van 935 deeltydse studente het nie ‘n passing getoon met die konseptualisering van salutogenese nie. ‘n Eiesoortige faktorstruktuur vir Wit studente versus Ander studente het voorgekom. Vir Wittes, het al ses die konstrukte meer of minder bygedra tot die algemene salutugeniese faktor en vir Andere het almal behalwe aangeleerde vindingrykheid bygedra. Vir Wittes bestaan salutogenese uit twee duidelike dimensies (‘n globale positiewe lewensorientasie; spesifieke gedrags vaardighede) en vir Andere uit een dimensie (‘n optimistiese lewensbeskouing). Bevestigende faktor ontleding uitgevoer op die data van beide groepe, het ‘n swak passing getoon. Daar is aanbeveel dat salutogenese verder ondersoek word binne ‘n oorkoepelende persoonlikheidsteorie.
The job demand-control model of job strain across gender
Authors: De Bruin Gideon P , Taylor Nicola
Published: August 2012

This study investigated (a) the structural and measurement equivalence of measures of the job demand-control (JDC) model of job strain for men and women (as operationalised by the Sources of Work Stress Inventory), (b) whether a common or separate regression equations should be used for men and women in the JDC model, and (c) the strain and buffer hypotheses associated with the JDC model. These objectives were pursued by means of factor analysis, item response theory analysis, and moderated hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results show that the use of a common regression equation might give biased results. The results also provided stronger support for the strain hypothesis than for the buffer hypothesis.

Opsomming

Hierdie studie het ondersoek ingestel na (a) die strukturele en metingsekwivalensie van metings van die werkseisekontrole (WEK) model van werkspanning vir mans en vroue (soos geoperasionaliseer deur die Bronne van Werkstresinventaris), (b) die wenslikheid van ’n gemeenskaplike teenoor afsonderlike regressievergelykings vir mans en vroue, en (c) die spanning en buffer hipoteses wat met die WEK model geassossiëer word. Hierdie doelstellings is ondersoek aan die hand van faktorontleding, item responsteorie-ontleding en gemodereerde hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-ontleding. Die resultate wys dat die gebruik van ’n gemeenskaplike regressievergelyking sydige resultate mag oplewer. Die resultate toon verder sterker ondersteuning vir die spanning hipotese as vir die buffer hipotese.
Towards living with meaning and purpose: Spiritual perspectives of people at work
Authors: Mohan Dushiela L , Uys Koos
Published: August 2012

It seems that many people who are seeking meaning and purpose in their lives, are exploring spirituality as a way of providing greater levels of understanding of their life journeys. The focus of this research was to ascertain the meaning and purpose that spirituality gives to peoples’ lives. This study was based on interviews conducted with ten professionals at middle and senior management levels, in a South African Financial Services company. A thematic analysis approach was used within the qualitative research paradigm. Respondents indicated through various themes, that having a spiritual perspective in life, helps them create meaning and purpose in their lives.

Opsomming

Dit wil voorkom of baie mense wat na sin en betekenis in hulle lewens soek, die moontlikhede van spiritualiteit verken as ’n wyse om hoër vlakke van insig in hul lewensreise te bewerkstellig. Die fokus van hierdie navorsing was om vas te stel watter sin en betekenis spiritualiteit aan mense se lewens gee. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op tien onderhoude wat met professionele persone op middel en senior bestuursvlakke in ’n Suid-Afrikaanse dienstemaatskappy gevoer is. ’n Tematiese ontledingsbenadering binne die kwalitatiewe navorsingsparadigma is gebruik. Respondente het aan die hand van ’n verskeidenheid temas aangedui dat ’n spirituele lewensperspektief tot sin en betekenis in hul lewens bydra.
Measuring learning transfer in a financial institution (Part 2)
Authors: Coetsee W J , Eiselen R
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify learning transfer variables impacting on learning transfer using the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI). The secondary objective was to determine if there are any statistically significant differences in the mean transfer variable scores between geographical areas, years of service, age groups, sex, qualifications and language groups. The sample used in this study was a convenience sample of 240 employees working for a Banking group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and posthoc tests were used to analyse the data. The results show that, while age and gender do not have an impact on the learning transfer factors, level of education, home language and both length of service within the organisation and in the current position do. Geographic area also impacts on learning transfer indicators. Effect sizes, however, are small to moderate
The factor structure, metrical properties, and convergent validity of the third edition (1999) of the locus of control inventory
Authors: Schepers Johann M , Gropp Liezl , Geldenhuys DJ
Published: August 2012

The principal objective of the study was to examine the factor structure and metrical properties of the third edition (1999) of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). A corollary of the study was to examine the convergent validity of the instrument. After a thorough revision and extension of the scale to 88 items it was applied to a sample of 2091 first-year university students. Particular attention was paid to the shortcomings revealed in a study by de Bruin (2004). An iterative principal factor analysis of the scale was done. The three-factor-structure previously found was substantiated by the analysis. The obtained factors were interpreted as Autonomy, External Control and Internal Control. Highly acceptable reliabilities were obtained. As far as validity is concerned it was found that Internal Control and Autonomy are strongly related to Psychological Wellness and External Control negatively to Stress Management. The implications of the findings are discussed.
The relationship between the fourth edition (2003) of the locus of control inventory and the sixteen personality factor questionnaire (version 5)
Authors: Schepers Johann M , Hassett Claire F
Published: August 2012

The principal objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the fourth edition (2003) of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI) and version 5 of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). After some minor changes the LCI was applied jointly with the 16PF to a sample of 3089 first-year university students. Complete records were obtained in respect of 3033 participants for the LCI, and 2798 for both the 16PF and the LCI. An iterative principal factor analysis of the LCI was done. The three-factor-structure previously found was substantiated by the analysis. Highly acceptable reliabilities were obtained. The 16PF yielded six global factors with reliabilities that ranged from 0,721 to 0,861. Canonical correlations of 0,659; 0,455 and 0,322 were obtained between the three scales of the LCI and the primary factors of the 16PF.
The utility of canonical correlation analysis, coupled with target rotation, in coping with the effects of differential skewness of variables
Authors: Schepers Johann M
Published: August 2012

The principal objective of the study was to determine the utility of canonical correlation analysis, coupled with target rotation, in coping with the effects of differential skewness of variables representing two batteries of tests. Generally speaking joint factor analyses of two or more batteries of tests result in factors of skewness rather than factors of content. To examine the problem, the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) and Senior Ability Tests (SAT) were jointly applied to a sample of 1598 first-year university students, and subjected to both a principal factor analysis (PFA) and a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), coupled with target rotation. Three factors were obtained in both inst ances. The PFA yielded factors of skewness and the CCA factors of content. The target rotation gave a good fit with the theoretically specified values. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Validation of the learning transfer system inventory in the South African context (Part 1)
Authors: Coetsee W J , Eiselen R , Basson J
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to validate the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) in the South African context. The sample used in this study was a convenience sample of 240 employees working for a Banking group. Exploratory factor analysis of the LTSI was used to determine if an interpretable factor structure of latent transfer system constructs when applied in the South African context could be identified. From the results it appears that the factor structure of the LTSI, as revealed by means of the exploratory approach, appears differently in the South African context.
Exploring sexual practices of South African soldiers to determine their vulnerability to the human immune-deficiency virus
Authors: De Jong Angela , Visser Deléne
Published: August 2012

Although HIV occurs in all social groups in South African society, certain populations are more vulnerable to HIV through risky behaviour patterns. Of relevance to the present study are the high risk situations that deployed soldiers are exposed to. Three issues indicated the necessity for a study of this kind to be conducted; (a) the statistics pointing to a higher incidence of HIV infections among military personnel than among the general population, (b) military personnel’s unique vulnerability profile, and (c) the South African National Defence Force’s (SANDF) increasing participation in international peacekeeping missions. The knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning HIV/AIDS of deployed soldiers were analysed. Results indicated that soldiers were taking sexual risks, although they had high levels of knowledge and had healthy attitudes concerning HIV/AIDS.
Towards validating a framework of adaptive schemata for entrepreneurial success
Authors: Amanjee Bae , Crous F , Crafford A
Published: August 2012

The role of entrepreneurship within the context of an emerging economy has been well documented. Specifically within the South African context, the concept of entrepreneurship has been embraced by most industry sectors particularly for its resultant job creation and associated economic benefits. To date, psychologists have attempted to understand and define the factors that predispose individuals to embark on entrepreneurial careers, focusing primarily on the personality characteristics of entrepreneurs. However, entrepreneurial research from a cognitive psychological framework has been limited. Specifically, the impact of schemata on the success of the entrepreneur has received little exposure. A study was conducted to examine the presence and type of schemata inherent in successful entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that successful entrepreneurs display varied manifestations of adaptive schemata.
Managerial level, managerial motivation and sense of coherence
Authors: Coetzee MG , Viviers AM , Visser Deléne
Published: August 2012

The first objective of the study was to assess whether the dimensions of Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale correlated positively with those of the Managerial Motivation scale (MMQ). The second objective was to establish whether managers and supervisors differed with regard to sense of coherence and managerial motivation. The respondents were 124 employees of the Agricultural Research Council. None of the sense of coherence scales correlated with Attitude towards authority figures (MMQ). Also, Meaningfulness (SOC) and Willingness to conduct administrative functions (MMQ) did not correlate. However, the remainder of the correlations supported the hypothesis, indicating a strong positive relationship between managerial motivation and sense of coherence. Statistically significant differences between managers and supervisors were obtained for only two variables, namely Meaningfulness (SOC) and Power motive (MMQ).
Occupational stress in the South African police service
Authors: Pienaar J , Rothmann S
Published: August 2012

Policing has been described as a stressful occupation. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a measure that could be used by the South African Police Service (SAPS) to identify the frequency and intensity of occupational stressors and to assess the differences between the stressors for race, rank and gender groups. A cross sectional survey design was used. Stratified random samples (N = 2145) were taken of police members of nine provinces in South Africa. The Police Stress Inventory was developed as a measuring instrument. Three internally consistent factors were extracted through principal component analysis with a direct oblimin rotation. These factors were labelled Job Demands, Lack of Support and Crime-related Stressors. The most important stressors identified were other officers not doing their job, inadequate or poor quality equipment, inadequate salaries, and seeing criminals go free. Analysis of variance showed differences in stressors for rank, race and gender groups.
The role of wealth in the experience of quality of life of the semi–affluent investor
Authors: Meyer L M , Uys J S
Published: August 2012

In an attempt to assist semi-affluent investors’ best use their wealth to improve their lives, this study explores the role of wealth in the experience of quality of life. Seven clients of a financial advisory firm based in the U.S.A, were interviewed using the repertory grid technique. Through an interpretive analysis wealth was found to influence the experience of quality of life in the way that it was used to satisfy individual material and security needs; shape growth and relatedness needs and influence how respondents establish, maintain and verify their identity.
Job characteristics, burnout and negative workhome interference in a nursing environment
Authors: Koekemoer FE , Mostert K
Published: August 2012

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine which job characteristics are associated with burnout and 2) to determine the mediating role of negative work-home interference (WHI) in the relationship between job characteristics and burnout within a nursing environment. Random samples (n = 300) were taken of nurses working in the Johannesburg, Klerksdorp, Krugersdorp, Pretoria and Potchefstroom areas. The results of the regression analyses indicated that the main job characteristics that predict exhaustion were pressure and a lack of autonomy, role clarity, colleague support and financial support. A lack of role clarity, colleague support and financial support were the main job characteristics that predict mental distance. Negative WHI played a partially mediating role in the relationship between job characteristics and burnout.
A psychometric evaluation of the job demands resources scale in South Africa
Authors: Rothmann S , Mostert K , Strydom M
Published: August 2012

The aims of this study were to investigate the construct validity, construct equivalence and reliability of a measuring instrument of job demands and resources, and to assess the differences between the job demands and resources in different organisations in South Africa. Stratified, random samples (N = 2717) of employees in different organizations were taken. Five reliable factors were extracted using principal component analysis with a varimax rotation, namely overload, growth opportunities, organisational support, advancement, and job insecurity. All factors, except organisational support, showed acceptable equivalence for different organisations. Statistically significant differences were found between the perceptions of job demands and resources in different organisations.
Appreciating Johann M. Schepers
Authors: Crous Freddie , De Bruin Gideon P. , Roodt Gert , Van Vuuren Leon , Schoeman Willem J. , Stuart Anita D.
Published: August 2012

As an expert leader in psychometrics, eminent scholar, gatekeeper, study leader and mentor, Johann M. Schepers has had a profound effect on the development of Psychology and Industrial Psychology in South Africa. By means of an appreciative inquiry the outstanding ability of this man has been highlighted in stories which resulted in a rich profile and a legacy that needs to be protected and nurtured.
Critically examining language bias in the South African adaptation of the WAIS-III
Authors: Foxcroft Cheryl D , Aston Susan
Published: August 2012

In response to the growing demand for a test of cognitive ability for South African adults, the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) adapted the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, third edition (WAIS-III) for Englishspeaking South Africans. The standardisation sample included both first and second language English speakers who were either educated largely in English or Afrikaans. The purpose of this article is to critically examine the adaptation process undertaken by the HSRC when standardising the WAIS-III for English-speaking South Africans by deliberating whether sufficient attention was paid to establishing if the measure was equivalent for various groups of English first and second language test-takers. In performing this critical examination, international test adaptation guidelines and standards, psychometric conventions, and national and international research findings were contemplated. The general conclusion reached was that the equivalence of the WAIS-III across diverse language groups has not been unequivocally established and there are indications that some bias may exist for English second language test-takers, especially if they are black or Afrikaans-speaking. Based on these conclusions, recommendations are made regarding the way forward.
Developing a predictive model of subjective organisational culture
Authors: Strydom Annalie , Roodt Gert
Published: August 2012

The objective of this theory development study was to propose a predictive model of subjectively perceived organisational culture with biographic variables, job satisfaction and personality variables as predictors. A countrywide sample of convenience drawn from a population of nurses (N = 3456) of a private healthcare service provider in South Africa yielded 713 completed questionnaires (response rate = 21%) that were obtained in multiple sessions. Goal directedness, a dimension of organisational culture, was significantly positively related to all three measures of satisfaction (imposed personal demands, extrinsic satisfaction and intrinsic satisfaction), while internal climate was significantly negatively related to the three satisfaction dimensions. Other significant findings are reported on.
Dynamic testing: Practical solutions to some concerns
Authors: De Beer Marié
Published: August 2012

Although the concept of dynamic testing is generally well supported, some concerns have been raised about the general and more widespread practical application and use of these procedures. The main problem areas that have been noted are the amount of time needed to administer dynamic assessment measures (compared with standard tests), the lack of standardisation of procedures (impacting on the accuracy of measurement and interpretation) and the limited validity information available for dynamic measures. This article provides background on and research results of the Learning Potential Computerised Adaptive Test (LPCAT), a dynamic learning potential test. The methodology used in this instrument addresses some of the concerns that have been noted about dynamic assessment, namely the use of standardised procedures; the improvement of measurement accuracy with the use of Item Response Theory (IRT); and the use of Computerised Adaptive Testing (CAT) to improve the time efficiency of dynamic testing and obtaining empirical research results for construct and predictive validity.
Recent proposals to estimate transient error within the classical test theory tradition
Authors: Huysamen G K
Published: August 2012

Reliability is conceptually defined in terms of consistency across test occasions but coefficient alpha, the most popular reliability estimation method, precludes the examination of such consistency. Three recent proposals to estimate transient error separately within a classical test theory tradition, and the results that they have yielded are reviewed. The merits of these proposals are compared with those of generalisability theory which differentiates between different sources of error variation. Although the procedures reviewed cannot match the advantages of generalisability theory, they may be sufficient in many applications.
Special issue dedicated to Professor Johann M. Schepers
Authors: De Bruin Gideon P
Published: August 2012

It is a great pleasure for me to have been associated with this special issue of the SA Journal of Industrial Psychology dedicated to Professor Johann M. Schepers. The purpose of the special issue is to honour Professor Schepers for his contributions to the development of Psychology and Industrial Psychology as empirical fields of study in South Africa. The contributors have worked with Professor Schepers as students or colleagues and share his academic interests. The articles reflect his areas of interest and employ analytic techniques taught and championed by him. We are grateful to Professor Schepers for his cooperation throughout this project. Thanks are due to all the contributors and referees.
Validity as an action concept in IO psychology
Authors: Schmidt Conrad
Published: August 2012

In this article it is proposed that conventional conceptions of validity as applied in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychological (IOP) assessment tend to emphasise technical aspects that result in an unintended separation of science and practice when implemented. An alternative conception of validity as an action concept is presented. It is noted that such a conception has been implicit in the field for some time and that the ideal of integrating science and practice, which stands so central to Industrial and Organisational (IO) Psychology, is promoted by it.
An empirical investigation of job and family stressors amongst firefighters in the South African context
Authors: Oosthuizen R M , Koortzen P
Published: August 2012

The general aim of the research was to theoretically and empirically study and evaluate job and family stressors amongst firefighters in the South African context. This also included an empirical evaluation of the stress symptoms of firefighters. The research was quantitative, consisting of a survey design. Three measuring instruments were used, namely the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances questionnaire, the Stress questionnaire as well as a biographical questionnaire. Task characteristics, organisational functioning, physical working conditions and job equipment, career and social matters, remuneration, fringe benefits and personnel policy were identified as causes of job stress originating within the work situation. Marital dysfunction and divorce, limited time with the family, problems with children, alcohol and drug abuse, lack of exercise, suicide, anger aimed at family members, physical and emotional exhaustion, lonely marital partners, unavailability to help the family when needed and depression were identified as causes of family stress arising outside the work situation.
Die Evaluering Van ‘N Eentalige Toelatingstoets Wat Vir Toelating Tot Hoër Onderwys In ’N Veeltalige Konteks Gebruik Word
Authors: Koch Elize
Published: August 2012

The evaluation of monolingual admissions test used for admission to higher education in a plurilingual context. This study aims to critically evaluate the practice to use monolingual admissions tests across diverse language groups. The specific aim of the study was, accordingly, to evaluate the bias, across language groups, of a reading comprehension test used for admission to higher education. The subsequent aim was to decide about

the scalar equivalence of the test across three language groups, namely Afrikaans and English students and students who are first language speakers of an African language. Item bias and structural differences between the English first and English second language groups were found, while structural differences continued to be found after deleting the DIF items from the test. Implications for fair admissions testing in the South African context are discussed.

Opsomming:

Hierdie stukkie het dit ten doel om die praktyk om eentalige toelatingstoetse oor taalgroepe heen te gebruik, krities te evalueer. Die oogmerk van die studie was gevolglik om ’n toets van leesbegrip wat vir toelating tot universiteit gebruik word en wat slegs in Engels beskikbaar is, te evalueer vir sydigheid. Die uiteindelike oogmerk was om oor die skaalekwivalensie van die toets ten opsigte van drie taalgroepe te besluit, naamlik Afrikaanse en Engelse studente en studente met ’n Afrika taal as eerste taal. Item sydigheid en strukturele verskille tussen Engels eerstetaal sprekers en Engels tweedetaal sprekers is gevind, terwyl strukturele verskille na die verwydering van die DIF items voorgeduur het. Implikasies vir billike toelatingstoetsing in Suid-Afrika word bespreek.
Interpersonal bullying behaviours in the workplace
Authors: Pietersen Charlotte
Published: August 2012

In this paper employing a phenomenological method to explicate seven informants’ experience of interpersonal bullying behaviors in a South African work context, I demarcated four general themes namely: lack of recognition, discrimination, obstructionism, and isolation. Moreover, I found that perpetrators (male and female managers) predominantly used verbal and indirect negative acts to bully subordinates. Finally, racial tensions contributed to bullying behavior. While a phenomenological approach shows promise to explore local bullying behavior more research is needed to broaden our understanding of the phenomenon, including explicating bullying through the eyes of bystanders and alleged bullies.
Leveraging organisational cultural capital
Authors: Scheel R , Crous F
Published: August 2012

Organisational culture discourse mandates a linear approach of diagnosis, measurement and gap analysis as standard practice in relation to most culture change initiatives. Therefore, a problem solving framework geared toward “fixing�? and/or realigning an organisation’s culture is usually prescribed. The traditional problem solving model seeks to identify gaps between current and desired organisational cultural states, inhibiting the discovery of an organisation’s unique values and strengths, namely its cultural capital. In pursuit of discovering and leveraging organisational cultural capital, a descriptive case study is used to show how an Appreciative Inquiry process can rejuvenate the spirit of an organisation as a system-wide inquiry mobilises a workforce toward a shared vision.
Managing reality shock: Expectations versus experiences of graduate engineers
Authors: Riordan Sarah , Goodman Suki
Published: August 2012

The objective of the study is an analysis of the relationship between the work expectations and experiences of graduate engineers during their early career period. It reports on discrepancies in graduates’ expectations of the world of work and the reality of the early career stage. Conclusions include recommendations of how "reality shock" can be managed better by both organisations and individuals. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with sixteen participants with less than five years work experience, employed in a large utility organisation in the Western Cape. Results indicate that participants experience significant incongruence between their expectations of work and work experiences.
Confessions, scapegoats and flying pigs: Psychometric testing and the law
Authors: Theron Callie
Published: August 2012

The use of psychometric tests in personnel selection has been regarded with an extraordinary degree of suspicion and scepticism. This is especially true when selection occurs in respect of a diverse applicant group. Concern is expressed about the seemingly uncritical embracing of specific tenets related to the use of psychometric tests in personnel selection in the absence of any systematic coherent psychometric argument to justify these beliefs. The absence of such a supporting psychometric rationale seems unfortunate in as far as it probably would inhibit the independent critical evaluation of the psychometric merits of these generally accepted beliefs. Specific beliefs related to selection fairness, measurement bias and adverse impact are critically examined.
Organisational culture and financial performance in a South African investment bank
Authors: Davidson Gina , Coetzee Melinde , Visser Deléne
Published: August 2012

The relationship between the organisational culture and financial performance of a South African investment bank was explored in this study. The Denison Organizational Culture Survey was used to measure the organizational culture and was administered to a sample of 327 employees. Income statement ratio analyses were used to assess the financial performance. The validity and reliability of the Denison Organizational Culture Survey was examined in a South African context for the first time. High correlations between the cultural traits suggested that the items were measuring a single trait rather than four distinguishable traits. Correlations above the 0.50 level between some subscales (team orientation, agreement, customer focus, core values and vision) and certain financial ratios were obtained. However, the results were regarded as tentative, because statistical significance was not reached for most of the correlations. The cultural trait consistency was significantly correlated with two of the four profitability ratios.
Present challenges and some critical issues for research in industrial/organisational psychology in South Africa
Authors: Rothmann S , Cilliers FVN
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was to determine a set of problems and critical issues that researchers in Industrial and Organisational Psychology deem to be important areas for immediate and future enquiry. The changing identity of this field of application is investigated, more relevant paradigms in the study of organisational health and wellness is explored and methods, techniques and interventions suitable to the South African context are suggested. Conclusions are formulated to increase the ability of organisations to work towards economic development, while promoting the wellness and quality of life of employees.
The development of a measuring instrument for assessing a high performance culture
Authors: Van Heerden W , Roodt G
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was firstly, to develop an integrated theoretical model of a high performance organisational culture and secondly, to develop a measuring instrument based on the said model for assessing such a culture. The questionnaire was administered to a sampling frame of 600 employees of a manufacturing company that employs about 3 500 people. 313 Completed questionnaires (response rate 52%) were returned and used for the analyses. First level factor analyses were conducted on the item inter-correlation matrices of the 12 theoretical dimensions. A second level factor analysis on the sub-score inter-correlation matrix resulted in a single factor being extracted. Iterative item analyses yielded sound metric properties for each dimension and a Cronbach Alpha of 0,947 for the scale. The findings of further analyses are discussed.
Validation of the revised edition (1995) of the locus of control inventory
Authors: Schepers Johann M
Published: August 2012

The principal objective of the study was to determine the cognitive, educational and personality correlates of the revised edition (1995) of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The three-factor-structure of the LCI was confirmed by Schepers (2004a, pp. 36-41). The obtained factors were interpreted as External Control, Internal Control and Autonomy. The resulting scales yielded reliabilities of 0,841, 0,832 and 0,866 respectively. As far as validity is concerned statistically significant relationships were found with the matric mark, and with several measures of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personal, Home, Social and Formal Relations Questionnaire, the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes, and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory. The implications of the findings are discussed.
A conceptual framework to explore the roles and contributions of industrial psychologists in South Africa (part 1)
Authors: Barnard Graeme , Fourie Linda
Published: August 2012

This study was aimed at developing a conceptual framework against which the roles and contributions of industrial psychologists in South Africa could be explored. Three widely-used business frameworks – Balanced Score Card, South African Excellence Model and King II Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa – were theoretically integrated to produce a multi-dimensional framework to clarify roles and contributions in a discourse familiar to the business community. The framework was subsequently utilised in a follow-up study involving 23 registered industrial psychologists who were asked to clarify specific roles and contributions within each of the dimensions of the framework.
The interaction between work and home of employees in the earthmoving equipment industry: measurement and prevalence
Authors: Rost Izel , Mostert Karina
Published: August 2012

The objectives of this study were to determine the psychometric properties of a new work-home interaction instrument, the Survey Work-home Interaction-Nijmegen (SWING) in the South African context, and to determine the prevalence of work-home interaction. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among employees in the earthmoving equipment industry (N = 528). Structural equation modelling showed that a four-factor model fitted the data best. This factor structure was equivalent across important subgroups. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients showed that all four factors were reliably measured. Paired-samples t-tests revealed that negative interference from work to home is more prevalent than negative interference from home to work, but that positive interference from the home domain is more prevalent than positive interference from the work domain.
Investigating turnover intentions by role overload, job satisfaction and social support moderation
Authors: Pienaar J , Sieberhagen C F , Mostert K
Published: August 2012

Gold mining in South Africa has played a significant role in the economic development of the country. However, the current economic, personnel and rationalisation pressures could imply a loss of production in this industry. The focus of this research fell on investigating the role that social support may play in the translation of employees’ role overload and job satisfaction on their intentions to leave the organisation. A cross-sectional survey design with a random sample was used (n = 206). Results indicate that job satisfaction is the most significant predictor of turnover intention, but that collegial support plays an important role in moderating the effects of role overload on turnover intention.
"Barriers-to-change" in a governmental service delivery type organisation
Authors: Coetzee CJH , Stanz Karel J
Published: August 2012

Very little empirical research has been conducted within the South African context and internationally in assessing barriers-to-change specifically. The intended outcome of this research was to develop a framework for proactive change management. A sample of convenience was utilised with 332 respondents. The Barriers-to-Change Questionnaire, developed for and utilised during this study, exists out of 92 items, posted in question format anchored at the extreme sides. The results yielded a single scale with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.983. It is concluded that the domain of “Barriers-to-Change�? was successful measured. The findings and their implications are also discussed.
The dimensionality of workplace interpersonal trust and its relationship to workplace affective commitment
Authors: Bagraim Jeffrey J , Hime Patricia
Published: August 2012

Trust is fundamental to the existence of human relationships, including the workplace relationship between employees and their co-workers and supervisors. This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the nature and dimensionality of interpersonal trust at work, specifically trust in co-workers and trust in supervisor. Survey questionnaire responses from 278 employees in four South African organisations were analysed. The research findings evidence that interpersonal trust is a multi-foci construct that is differentially related to corresponding foci of affective commitment.